text: Tips for Teaching with CALL: Practical Approaches to Computer-Assisted Language Learning, by Carol A. Chapelle and Joan Jamieson, introduces English language teachers to computer-assisted language learning, or CALL. This practical reference book links specific techniques for using CALL with contemporary CALL research. The book and companion CD-ROM clearly demonstrate why and how to use CALL to teach vocabulary, grammar, reading, writing, listening, speaking, communication skills, and content-based language. Features of the Book: Color screenshotsof authentic CALL software, along with descriptions, level information, and notes, illustrate more than 100 real examples. Concrete tipsat the beginning of each chapter help teachers get students working productively with electronic texts. What the research saysandWhat the teacher can dosections link pedagogical research with classroom techniques. Specific topicscovered in different chapters include Vocabulary, Grammar, Reading, Writing, Listening, Speaking, Communication Skills, and Content-Based Language. Focus questionsat the end of each chapter guide teachers in selecting appropriate CALL activities for their students'needs. Features of the CD-ROM: Interactive video clipsshow application of tips from each chapter. Demonstration tipsshow students using authentic CALL software. Simulation tipsguide teachers through using authentic CALL programs. TheTips for Teachingseries covers topics of practical classroom-centered interest for English language teachers. Written in clearly comprehensible terms, each book offers soundly conceived practical approaches to classroom instruction that are firnly grounded in current pedagogical research. System Requirements Windows® 2000/XP/Vista or Mac OSX (10.3 or higher) Microsoft Internet Explorer® 6.x, Safari TM 1.x, Firefox® 1.x, Mozilla® 1.x, Netscape TM 7.x or later 256 MB RAM minimum (512+ MB recommended) 500 MB available hard drive space Monitor resolution of 1024 x 768 or higher Sound card and speakers CD-ROM drive (10x or faster) Adobe® Flash® 8 plug-in or higher (Note: If your computer does not have this plug-in, and Internet connection is required for installation.)Joan Jamieson is the author of 'Tips for Teaching CALL', published 2008 under ISBN 9780132404280 and ISBN _PHONE_.


text:
When reading about Hemingway, I came across his iceberg Theory.
The Iceberg Theory (also known as the "theory of omission") is a term used to describe the writing style of American writer Ernest Hemingway. The theory is this: The meaning of a piece is not immediately evident, because the crux of the story lies below the surface, just as most of the mass of a real iceberg similarly lies beneath the surface. For example The Old Man and the Sea is a meditation upon youth and age, even though the protagonist spends little or no time thinking on those terms.In his essay "The Art of the Short Story", Hemingway is clear about his method: "A few things I have found to be true. If you leave out important things or events that you know about, the story is strengthened. If you leave or skip something because you do not know it, the story will be worthless. The test of any story is how very good the stuff that you, not your editors, omit."
From reading Rudyard Kipling he absorbed the practice of shortening prose as much as it could take. Of the concept of omission, Hemingway wrote in "The Art of the Short Story": "You could omit anything if you knew that you omitted and the omitted part would strengthen the story and make people feel something more than they understood." By making invisible the structure of the story, he believed the author strengthened the piece of fiction and that the "quality of a piece could be judged by the quality of the material the author eliminated."

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
This stitch is just an inverted version of the fly stitch. In fact, you will be making only one row of the inverted fly stitch, the subsequent rows are made by just looping it into the previous fly stitches! This makes very good motif fillings with texture. This stitch also gives you a lot of scopes to experiment with different colors. Try doing each row with different colors or shades to get a unique look every time.
You need to know the Fly Stitch to be able to continue with this tutorial. You can start working this stitch from left to right.
|Fig 1: Make a row of fly stitches with a short tail, and slightly spaced from each other, as shown. Make sure they are inverted, and looks like an upside down 'V'.
After you finish with the last fly stitch, turn around and come out from the next row, as illustrated. You can also start the next row fresh with a different colored thread.
|Fig 2: Take the needle in through the first leg of the last fly stitch in the previous row, and take the needle in through the fabric to make an inverted V.
Come out again, and take the needle under the two legs of the previous fly stitches, as shown. Keep up with this procedure. Make multiple rows of such fly stitches to fill the motif..
|Fig 3: A filled area would look like this.
Try experimenting with different shades and colors for each row.


Make Recovery Rides Fun!
The Purpose of Recovery Rides
Is there a really a good reason to ride easy? The answer is absolutely, yes!
Your hard training sessions result in muscle damage. The rest and repair that occurs after this damage is the time for adaptation to occur and for you to get stronger. You can't get stronger if recovery does not occur. Active recovery or recovery rides aid the recovery process by stimulating blood flow that carries the nutrients to help heal damaged muscles and tissue. This light pedaling also flushes your legs of metabolic waste that is the by-product of your harder sessions.
Make recovery rides fun! Photo courtesy Sarah Kaufmann
Most athletes do well with four hard days of training per week. Few can tolerate (and adapt to) more, and many athletes actually experience better adaptation with fewer hard days per week. If you train hard for four days, that leaves three days for light riding or off. For most of the riders I coach, that means two days of light riding and one day completely off.
If you are a very time-crunched athlete, take the three days off the bike and just do your four hard days of training. If you can prioritize riding time a little more, the two days of lighter riding will aid your recovery and adaptation. Usually one of those days will be a dedicated 'Recovery Ride'. The other easy day should still be a lighter ride, with a slightly different goal (be that skills work or neuromuscular in nature), but still a shorter duration and lighter intensity than the dedicated hard training days.
The wording I use when I prescribe recovery rides is as follows; "Little to no resistance on the pedals, the only goal is to spin your legs out. Make an effort to breathe only through your nose. This ensures that you keep the effort low enough and it also elicits a lower stress hormonal response to the activity."
These rides should be anywhere from 30 to 60 minutes and should leave you feeling refreshed. When in doubt, less is more with recovery rides. In cased you are wondering if your ride is too easy, it isn't. If you are wondering if your ride is too hard, it probably is. Choose a flat route and keep it in a gear that allows you to lightly spin. You should stay below about 50% of your threshold power and about 70% of your threshold heart rate.
Recovery rides should be both a mental and physical break from training. If the weather is crummy or riding sounds like a chore, just take the day off. Recovery rides should not be an additional source of stress. Spin to the coffee shop, ride in jeans, or ride your beater bike. Add whatever outside cues you can to keep yourself from digging deep or trying to go fast. If you are eyeing a segment on STRAVA, turn STRAVA off that day, no PR's on recovery rides.
Let recovery rides be your mental and physical reward for the work you put in during your hard sessions. Instead of dreading them as wasted time, appreciate the benefit you get from active recovery and soak up the lightness.
Sarah Kaufmann is the owner of K Cycling Coaching. She is an elite level XC and CX racer for the DNA Pro Cycling Team. She is based in Salt Lake City, UT and can be reached at [email protected] or _PHONE_.
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text: Background Approximately 50% of older individuals perceive themselves as being forgetful. Objective The objective of this review is to get an overview of previous research on the relation between perceived forgetfulness (in the absence of objective memory deficit) and quality of life in older individuals. Findings in previous research might be a starting point for further research and possible future interventions. Methods Scientific papers that investigated the relation between subjective memory complaints and quality of life were searched. Two independent raters scored the articles on their methodology. The methodological quality was taken into account when conclusions were drawn. Results The literature search resulted in 682 articles, of which five studies met the inclusion criteria. Although the five studies differed in their methodology, the findings of the methodologically adequate studies show a relation between memory complaints and a diminished quality of life in the elderly. Conclusions The negative impact that subjective memory complaints can have on quality of life makes it important to acknowledge forgetfulness as a serious issue in the life of older individuals. However, more research is needed to explore the relationship between subjective memory complaints and quality of life, also with regard to the influence of depression and objective memory performance.


text: +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Figure 2 - Format of additional headers The explanation of each sub-field is the following: Header Extension Type (HET): 8 bits The type of the Header Extension. This document defines a number of possible types. Additional types may be defined in future versions of this specification. HET values from 0 to 127 are used for variable-length Header Extensions. HET values from 128 to 255 are used for fixed-length 32-bit Header Extensions. Header Extension Length (HEL): 8 bits The length of the whole Header Extension field, expressed in multiples of 32-bit words. This field MUST be present for variable-length extensions (HET between 0 and 127) and MUST NOT be present for fixed-length extensions (HET between 128 and 255). Header Extension Content (HEC): variable length The content of the Header Extension. The format of this subfield depends on the Header Extension type. For fixed-length Header Extensions, the HEC is 24 bits. For variable-length Header Extensions, the HEC field has variable size, as specified by the HEL field. Note that the length of each Header Extension field MUST be a multiple of 32 bits. Also note that the total size of the LCT header, including all Header Extensions and all optional header fields, cannot exceed 255 32-bit words. Header Extensions are further divided between general LCT extensions and Protocol Instantiation specific extensions (PI-specific). General LCT extensions have HET in the ranges 0:63 and 128:191 inclusive. PI-specific extensions have HET in the ranges 64:127 and 192:255 inclusive. General LCT extensions are intended to allow the introduction of backward-compatible enhancements to LCT without changing the LCT version number. Non backward-compatible header extensions CANNOT be introduced without changing the LCT version number. PI-specific extensions are reserved for PI-specific use with semantic and default parsing actions defined by the PI. The following general LCT Header Extension types are defined: EXT_NOP=0 No-Operation extension. The information present in this extension field MUST be ignored by receivers. EXT_AUTH=1 Packet authentication extension Information used to authenticate the sender of the packet. The format of this Header Extension and its processing is outside the scope of this document and is to be communicated out-of-band as part of the session description. It is RECOMMENDED that senders provide some form of packet authentication. If EXT_AUTH is present, whatever packet authentication checks that can be performed immediately upon reception of the packet SHOULD be performed before accepting the packet and performing any congestion control-related action on it. Some packet authentication schemes impose a delay of several seconds between when a packet is received and when the packet is fully authenticated. Any congestion control related action that is appropriate MUST NOT be postponed by any such full packet authentication. All senders and receivers implementing LCT MUST support the EXT_NOP Header Extension and MUST recognize EXT_AUTH, but MAY NOT be able to parse its content. 6. Operations 6.1 Sender Operation Before joining an LCT session a receiver MUST obtain a session description. The session description MUST include: o The sender IP address; o The number of LCT channels; o The addresses and port numbers used for each LCT channel; o The Transport Session ID (TSI) to be used for the session; o Enough information to determine the congestion control protocol being used; o Enough information to determine the packet authentication scheme being used if it is being used. The session description could also include, but is not limited to: o The data rates used for each LCT channel; o The length of the packet payload; o The mapping of TOI value(s) to objects for the session; o Any information that is relevant to each object being transported, such as when it will be available within the session, for how long, and the length of the object; Protocol instantiations using LCT MAY place additional requirements on what must be included in the session description. For example, a protocol instantiation might require that the data rates for each channel, or the mapping of TOI value(s) to objects for the session, or other information related to other headers that might be required to be included in the session description. The session description could be in a form such as SDP as defined in RFC 2327, or XML metadata as defined in RFC 3023, or HTTP/Mime headers as defined in RFC 2068, etc. It might be carried in a session announcement protocol such as SAP as defined in RFC 2974, obtained using a proprietary session control protocol, located on a Web page with scheduling information, or conveyed via E-mail or other out-of-band methods. Discussion of session description format, and distribution of session descriptions is beyond the scope of this document. Within an LCT session, a sender using LCT transmits a sequence of packets, each in the format defined above. Packets are sent from a sender using one or more LCT channels which together constitute a session. Transmission rates may be different in different channels and may vary over time. The specification of the other building block headers and the packet payload used by a complete protocol instantiation using LCT is beyond the scope of this document. This document does not specify the order in which packets are transmitted, nor the organization of a session into multiple channels. Although these issues affect the efficiency of the protocol, they do not affect the correctness nor the inter-operability of LCT between senders and receivers. Several objects can be carried within the same LCT session. In this case, each object MUST be identified by a unique TOI. Objects MAY be transmitted sequentially, or they MAY be transmitted concurrently. It is good practice to only send objects concurrently in the same session if the receivers that participate in that portion of the session have interest in receiving all the objects. The reason for this is that it wastes bandwidth and networking resources to have receivers receive data for objects that they have no interest in. Typically, the sender(s) continues to send packets in a session until the transmission is considered complete. The transmission may be considered complete when some time has expired, a certain number of packets have been sent, or some out-of-band signal (possibly from a higher level protocol) has indicated completion by a sufficient number of receivers. For the reasons mentioned above, this document does not pose any restriction on packet sizes. However, network efficiency considerations recommend that the sender uses an as large as possible packet payload size, but in such a way that packets do not exceed the network's maximum transmission unit size (MTU), or when fragmentation coupled with packet loss might introduce severe inefficiency in the transmission. It is recommended that all packets have the same or very similar sizes, as this can have a severe impact on the effectiveness of congestion control schemes such as the ones described in,, and. A sender of packets using LCT MUST implement the senderside part of one of the congestion control schemes that is in accordance with RFC 2357 using the Congestion Control Information field provided in the LCT header, and the corresponding receiver congestion control scheme is to be communicated out-of-band and MUST be implemented by any receivers participating in the session. 6.2 Receiver Operation Receivers can operate differently depending on the delivery service model. For example, for an on demand service model, receivers may join a session, obtain the necessary packets to reproduce the object, and then leave the session. As another example, for a streaming service model, a receiver may be continuously joined to a set of LCT channels to download all objects in a session. To be able to participate in a session, a receiver MUST obtain the relevant session description information as listed in Section 6.1. If packet authentication information is present in an LCT header, it SHOULD be used as specified in Section 5.2. To be able to be a receiver in a session, the receiver MUST be able to process the LCT header. The receiver MUST be able to discard, forward, store or process the other headers and the packet payload. If a receiver is not able to process a LCT header, it MUST drop from the session. To be able to participate in a session, a receiver MUST implement the congestion control protocol specified in the session description using the Congestion Control Information field provided in the LCT header. If a receiver is not able to implement the congestion control protocol used in the session, it MUST NOT join the session. When the session is transmitted on multiple LCT channels, receivers MUST initially join channels according to the specified startup behavior of the congestion control protocol. For a multiple rate congestion control protocol that uses multiple channels, this typically means that a receiver will initially join only a minimal set of LCT channels, possibly a single one, that in aggregate are carrying packets at a low rate. This rule has the purpose of preventing receivers from starting at high data rates. Several objects can be carried either sequentially or concurrently within the same LCT session. In this case, each object is identified by a unique TOI. Note that even if a server stops sending packets for an old object before starting to transmit packets for a new object, both the network and the underlying protocol layers can cause some reordering of packets, especially when sent over different LCT channels, and thus receivers SHOULD NOT assume that the reception of a packet for a new object means that there are no more packets in transit for the previous one, at least for some amount of time. A receiver MAY be concurrently joined to multiple LCT sessions from one or more senders. The receiver MUST perform congestion control on each such LCT session. If the congestion control protocol allows the receiver some flexibility in terms of its actions within a session then the receiver MAY make choices to optimize the packet flow performance across the multiple LCT sessions, as long as the receiver still adheres to the congestion


text:
Narrative in English Conversation : A Corpus Analysis of Storytelling
Üye Girişi yapın, temin süresi ve fiyatını size bildirelim.
Üye Girişi yapın, sizi bu ürün stoklarımıza girdiğinde bilgilendirelim.
Temin süremiz 28 - 42 iş günü
Yayıncı Cambridge University Press ( 12 / 2015 ) ISBN 9781107595750 | 22,9 x 15,2 cm | İngilizce | Türler Dil / Dilbilim
Storytelling is a fundamental mode of everyday interaction. This book is based upon the Narrative Corpus (NC), a specialized corpus of naturally occurring narratives, and provides new paths for its study. Christoph Rühlemann uses the NC's narrative-specific annotation and XPath and XQuery, query languages that allow the retrieval of complex data structures, to facilitate large-scale quantitative investigations into how narrators and recipients collaborate in storytelling. Empirical analyses are validated using R, a programming language and environment for statistical computing and graphics. Using this unique data and methodological base, Rühlemann reveals new insights, including the discovery of turntaking patterns specific to narrative, the first investigation of textual colligation in spoken data, the unearthing of how speech reports, as discourse units, form striking patterns at utterance level, and the identification of the story climax as the sequential context in which recipient dialogue is preferentially positioned.
Bu türde çok satanlar
Narrative in English Conversation için şu an mevcudu olmayanlar


text:
Spelling Made Simple Microsoft Office Add-in User Guide
When the Spelling Made Simple Office add-in is installed and
Microsoft Word is started, a new button will be shown in the upper right. This
is next to all the other small icons in the toolbar as shown in
Add-in in Toolbar
To check your document with the Spelling Made Simple Office
add-in click the button shown in
The spell check window will be shown with a few changes. If
you want the misspelled words to be placed into the spelling made simple
software make sure the corresponding checkbox is checked in the lower left.
to the right. These are the
users that are already created in Spelling
Made Simple. If you need to create a different
startup Spelling Made Simple and create the
there. When a button is green, that means that the word will be sent to
Spelling Made Simple. You can also just double click the correct word and it
will make the change and send the word to Spelling Made Simple. The change typo
button tells the software to change the misspelling, but not to send the word
to Spelling Made Simple. This is shown in
When you start a new email in Outlook the same button will be
at the top of the email. When you are finished with the email, save it and
press the button. A warning will probably be shown as in
Figure 4. This is a warning that is shown when an add-in tries to do
anything in Outlook (The message does not describe what is really happening.
The add-in does not access any email addresses
on your computer). This is a security feature from Microsoft to prevent any
unauthorized programs from running.
Given that you are the one who wants the
add-in to run, click the yes to continue.
Outlook Script Warning
You will have the same spell check box as in
to check your email.
To check the status of the add-in click the Office Add-in
Status option in your start menu under Spelling Made Simple as shown in
If for some reason the software had an error, Microsoft Office
will disable the add-in. To re-enable it start this status window and click the
enable button to the left. This window is shown in
Figure 6. If you want to disable the add-in click disable. The status will
turn red as shown in
7. The button will still show up in Office, but will not do
anything when clicked. To remove the button too, reset the standard toolbar.
Status of Add-in
When Add-in is Disabled

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
A STUDY ON DEVELOPMENT OF CRACKS ON PAINTINGS
OVER THE past 10 years there have been substantial developments in research on the mechanical behavior of paintings. The knowledge of processes leading to mechanical failure of paintings materials and their properties has been greatly enhanced through pioneering work by Mecklenburg (1982). It has been established that environmental changes induce dramatic responses in fabric and size. The layer of size is responsible for stress development during humidity decrease; high stiffness of fabric dominates in high humidity. The most brittle component of the composite—aged oil paint—fails when movements in the supporting size and fabric exceed its rupture strains.
Stress distribution on paintings and the resulting cracks in the paint layer were simulated on a computer with the Finite Element Method (FEM) (Kilpatrick 1980; Colville et al. 1982). Elastic properties of materials were assumed and based on uniaxial tests.
In this work the humidity-induced movements were observed on biaxially stretched samples of primed fabric with a commercially available brittle coating taking the place of aged paint. The coating is widely used in industrial stress analysis as a form of strain gauge; it cracks when strains in a support exceed its breaking strains. The results reveal nonelastic properties of size and are consistent with a study on dimensional response of size in changing humidities (Karpowicz 1989).


text:
This part of the paper discloses by an example what interventionist economic policies look like.
Body: Research Findings.
This part of the paper discusses the active social policies and interventionist economic behavior and how they promote effectiveness, responsibility and accountability on the part of government
It covers the key elements of the entire paper in a brief format.
It presents a condensed form of the paper and reaffirms the inference made from the research findings.
Benefits if Socially Active and Economically Interventionist Public Policies
The social and economic conditions in the world have changed a great deal. The turn of the twenty first century has come with a number of challenges in nearly every area of life leading to total uncertainty as to what tomorrow holds. The most recent phenomenon in the field of world economics generally and in finance specifically has shown how dynamic conditions can be and how unreliable most of the institutional mechanisms we have in place can let us down. The global financial meltdown was indeed prove that what we have in place is not foolproof and we need to do more if we are to be spared the agony of rapid breakdown of systems especially in the economy. Governments around the world tried their best to control the damage by employing various means. We were able to witness pragmatic and confident approaches by governments of the United States of America as well as Britain whereby key companies were given financial cushioning so as to avoid devastating effects on the economies of these countries. Major banks such as the Bank of England in Britain and giant hedge fund managing companies such as Goldman Sachs got support from the governments of Britain and the United States respectively so as to give them the financial strength required to withstand the storm.
Government action in moments of uncertainty such as the scenario captured in the above case is what is called interventionist action (Craig & Craig, 2000, p308). The view of the government by this is that of a by-stander who only comes in to assist get out of the mud after a fall. The issue of whether this interventionist character by the government as well as the adoption of active social policies can make the government more effective, responsible and accountable can only be answered after a careful observation of the outcome on both the public and the government itself after these policies have been implemented. This is the point this research paper seeks to establish.
The Findings: Ways of government intervention and the benefits realized
As a starting point, it is very possible for the government to be an active participant in the social processes of the country. For instance, the government through its administrative officers can be proactive in ensuring that there is obedience to the law pertaining to sexuality. Undertakings such as marriage can be taken seriously and people who have not attained the age of maturity are restrained from getting married with the end result of reducing the number of divorces that take place within the society. With this kind of intervention, the government is able to establish itself as an active partner in the social life of the country. How does this make the government more effective, responsible and accountable?
Effectiveness, responsibility and accountability can be attained by the above socially active policy by the government through the active participation of the government officials in the implementation of the policy. In the process of reaching out to young people and guiding them on issues of sexuality, it means all sectors of the government that are concerned with the issue or policy in question will be called to action. With the requirement to get the job done, the officials will have to come up with effective mechanisms of service and this will call for responsibility on all the concerned parties as well as accountability since those who will not have gotten their share of the job done will be held responsible for failure. This is not the same case when the government is a passive observer in the social process.
From the dimension of active social policies, the government has another avenue of participation through the promotion of cultural and political freedoms. The citizens can be given support in the process of trying to express themselves either politically or culturally and any move by any section of society to limit or curtail these freedoms can be prevented or stopped by the government. If the government does these things, the citizens get more confidence in questioning whatever that is happening around them and they get to know when their rights have been abused.
Governments can get effectiveness, responsibility and accountability by engaging in the above activities through the behavior they will have fostered or promoted in the citizens. Having learnt that they have rights and no one has a right to rake them from them, the citizens will be out and ready to challenge and question any controversial move by their government. The questioning will in turn mean that the government must be prepared in all its actions so as to be able to deal with an awaked public. In this way, it becomes more effective in attending to the needs of the people whereby responsibility is upheld given that failure to get it right means someone is going to be in trouble due to the fact that one must be held accountable
Leaving the above a side, economic interventionism by the government can come by way of taxation.Here,the government can get into the system and put in place a certain tax that will have a certain strategic impact on the group of people or businesses being taxed. Through its officers, the taxation regulation can be implemented and the collected revenue is put to use within the system by providing services that are needed by the population. This is a clear way in which the government can intervene economically. Does this form of intervention foster effectiveness, responsibility and accountability in the government?
In a democracy, taxation as a mean of economic intervention creates a suspicious relationship between the government and the people. It is not always easy to convince the population that they need to part with their money in the form of taxes. But when they do, the interest they develop in trying to see how well the tax money is used rises dramatically. They always want to ensure that the collected money is not misused by government officials who are fond of paying themselves large sums of money as the people go without the crucial services that are supposed to be paid for using the tax money. The government being aware of this, it assumes the position of a student who likes making noise in class but when a teacher enters the classroom, he keeps quiet, knowing that someone is watching him. The government, therefore knowing that a watchful public eye is on its back, is highly likely to put up mechanisms of ensuring that the collected taxes are used in the best possible way. Thus the element of effectiveness comes in whereby the methods used to solve problems are properly designed. The officers of the government are advised to be more responsible when dealing with public resources and everyone becomes accountable due to a watchful citizenry.
Another economically interventionist policy that can be adopted by the government is the regulation of financial institutions such as banks and managers of hedge funds. The government can set the mark for interest rates on loans from banks and monitor the investment policies adopted by the various firms that manage funds such as pensions. This form of intervention makes the government assume heavy responsibility in the economic setup and brings it to the reality that the buck stops with it. This means that the government that has put up these policies must defend its economy by ensuring that it is alert at all times and it s policies are followed by these institutions adequately.This type of watchfulness by government is what we describe as responsibility and it makes the government more effective as well as more accountable to the people (Eden & Molot, 1993, p 238-239).
This research paper proves the assertion that the government can become more effective, responsible and accountable by adopting socially active and economically interventionist policies.First is the implementation of some social policies that will keep government officials on their toes thus increasing effectiveness, responsibility and accountability. Then the empowerment of the citizens can encourage more scrutiny by the people on the government and this can also increase effectivenss, responsibility and accountability.Ecenomically, intervention through taxation will foster responsibility in spending public money thus promoting effectiveness and accountability while the regulatory duties will make the government be alert all the time leading to increased responsibility (Pagoulatos, 2003, p 173).
Socially active and economically interventionist policies are beneficial to both the government and the people. The participation in the social debate by the government makes its officials responsible and effective as well as informed as a means of being ready to deal with the concerns of the citizens.Economically, the government is bound to be responsible and therefore effective and accountable as it spends the money collected from the citizens as tax. There is always a backlash effect on the government if it does not spend the public money in economically sound ways. The government also regulates financial policies that would otherwise hurt a cross section of the citizens if left to market forces. This regulation makes the government come to terms with its enormous responsibility as far as protecting the national economic interest is concerned as well as shielding the individual economic interests of the citizens.


From this question on Physics SE Thermodynamics of evaporation:
The accepted answer shows a kinetic perspective. I want to understand things from classical thermodynamics. As even an inert gas is added to the container, there would be some increase of configurational entropy in the gaseous phase compared to the initial conditions. Won't this factor will decrease the chemical potential of the gaseous phase and thus increase the vapour pressure a bit?.
If the nitrogen is truly inert, its presence will have no direct effect on the chemical potential of the water in the gas phase. Essentially, the gaseous water is "unaware" of the nitrogen. Consistent with this, in a mixture of ideal gases, the chemical potential of each gas is determined only by the temperature, and its partial pressure. It is indepenent of the partial pressures of the other gases.
However, even an ideal gas can increase the vapor pressure. It doesn't do so by reducing the chemical potential of the gaseous water. Rather, by applying pressure to the liquid water, it increases the chemical potential of the liquid phase, thus increasing the equilibrium vapor pressure. This is a small effect.
Of course, gases aren't inert. As you increase the pressure of the nitrogen, you have two opposing effects on the liquid water: (1) The effect described above, which increases the liquid's chemical potential. (2) With increased pressure, the concentration of nitrogen dissolved in the water will increase, which will lower the water's chemical potential. And of course one also has to account for the non-ideal interactions between the nitrogen and the water vapor.
 - $\begingroup$ Even if Nitrogen is inert it will surely affect the configurational entropy of the gaseous phase of water? $\endgroup$ Jun 5 at 9:38
 - $\begingroup$ If we treat both the nitrogen and the water as ideal gases, then their configurational entropies are each independent of the presence of the other gas. $\endgroup$
 – theorist
 Jun 5 at 10:00
 - $\begingroup$ You're probably thinking: If we have a container in which we have 1 L of ideal gas A on the left side at 1 atm, and 1 L of ideal gas B on the right side at 1 atm, and we remove the partition to allow them to mix, their entropies will increase. Yes, but that's because each now has twice the volume to explore (correspondingly, their partial pressures are halved). But suppose we instead squeeze A and B together into a 1 L space, such that their partial pressures don't change (only the total pressure changes). Then their entropies will be unchanged. $\endgroup$
 – theorist
 Jun 5 at 10:08
 - $\begingroup$ I am trying and the derivative is not cancelling out for a closed container with a fixed amount of inert gas. It is something like 1-ln(x), x = Ratio of moles of water vapour with Inert gas. $\endgroup$ Jun 5 at 10:08
 - $\begingroup$ No, I am using xln(x) + yln(y)...x and y mole fraction in the gaseous phase $\endgroup$ Jun 5 at 10:18
At $\pu{46°C}$, the vapor pressure of water in $\pu{0.1 atm}$. It means that if some water is introduced into a vacuum, in an empty container at $\pu{46°C}$, the measured pressure in the container is $\pu{0.1 atm}$. Now if water is heated to $\pu{46°C}$ in an open flask at $\pu{1 atm}$., the composition of the vapor phase is $10$% water vapor, $90$% air. The vapor pressure is the same above the surface of water, whatever the presence of air. The total pressure has to be maintained at 1 atm. of course.
 - $\begingroup$ There will be a factor of ΔSmix and its derivative will not be zero if we fix the inert gas amount in a closed container. That's why asked. $\endgroup$ Jun 5 at 9:35
 - 2
 $\begingroup$ -1 This is wrong, putting pressure on water increases it's vapour pressure: Kelvin equation $\endgroup$
 – S R Maiti
 Jun 5 at 9:45
Your Answer


What Causes a Laptop to Short Circuit?
What Causes a Laptop to Short Circuit?
What Causes a Laptop to Short Circuit?
Technology is advancing day by day very fastly. Laptops are part of life for everybody either he is a student, teacher, doctor, engineer or writer. Everybody using laptops randomly and roughly. There are 2 to 3 laptops in every home nowadays because it is the need of everybody.
In this article, our editors have explained all the reasons which cause a laptop to short circuit. Along with this, we have added a detailed guide about fixing problems caused by the laptop short circuit.
As it is very important in our life so when its processor shows some problem many of work stuck down due to defect in laptop. People use laptop recklessly and it causes a laptop to short circuit.
First of all, we have to know what is a short circuit?
What is the short circuit?
It can be defined as low resistance of the connections in laptop. Low resistance between the circuit and power supply that are giving it to Electrical power. Due to low resistance high current will be passed and it causes a short circuit.
A short circuit can be an alternating current AC and also can be in direct current DC circuit. The short circuit in the laptop produces a high temperature that damage the whole circuit and battery can explode due to heat. You must always keep your laptop secure from a short circuit.
What Causes a Laptop to Short Circuit?
Any physical damage or any electrical damage can cause a short circuit in laptop. A short circuit will consume all the power and it causes your laptop not to turn on.
 If your adapter is working when you put up on the wall and then stop working when you connect it into your laptop then it means short circuit takes place in laptop. When two wires in the circuit that should not be connected, they get connected short circuit takes place.
Causes of Short Circuit in Laptops and how can we fix it
There are many causes of a short circuit in a laptop:
Spilling of liquid:
The electrical circuit of the laptop can be damaged by the spilling of water or liquid on it. A liquid can cause these types of damage:
 - A short circuit caused by wet liquid (problem removes after liquid cleaned and dried)
 - A short circuit caused by dried liquid residue
 - Corrosion (especially with Coke or Pepsi)
 - Electronic components damaged by above short circuits
During using a laptop if you spill water or any liquid on a laptop, it can cause a short circuit. It is very common that we keep eating and drinking during work on the laptop. So it can cause a short circuit.
Fix it:
if you spill liquid while using your laptop then these tips can give you fighting chance to salvage parts of your laptop.
 - Turn off your laptop immediately.
 - Unplug the laptop from its power cord. Press the power button for the 4 seconds that it turns off the power of a laptop or shut down the laptop.
 Remove the battery of the laptop. Disconnect the battery from the laptop.
 Clean the laptop with a highly absorbent cloth that it cleans visible liquid on a laptop so that it could not cause a short circuit.
Dry it with dryer and wait for 3 hours then you can use a laptop easily.
Issues in Laptop Power supply can cause a short circuit
Check power supply by plugging it into the wall of outlet to check the LED of the power supply lights up. The power adapter should not plug into the laptop, only the wall of the strip outlet.
Laptop adapters have LED light, which allows users to identify either current is passing from the adapter or not.
If the LED light is not turning on, check it in another outlet. If you still see no light, then the surge protector in the cable is burnt and the cable needs replacement.
Fix it:
 this can be resolved by buying a new adapter for the charging of laptop otherwise it would because of short circuit. Because burnt cable could not provide a sufficient amount of current to the laptop.
High Voltage:
Due to damage to the cable or power supply or any other cause of high voltage. Any problem with electricity that increases the voltage input can cause a short circuit of laptop.
High voltage effects on the circuit of the laptop that decrease the resistance of current and large amount of current pass from the circuit and short circuits happens. High voltage can also cause errors in the laptop processor.
Fix it:
Test the output voltages. Put a positive pin inside the cable power connector that inserts into a laptop. Put the negative pin on the outside of a cable connector. Check the digital display to see the reading.
Test that the output is correct by reading the recommended output levels. Replace the power cable if the voltage output has a large variability.
Low Voltage:
Due to an error in power supply, not proper current can pass from the power supply and it causes a short circuit in the laptop.
A laptop requires a sufficient amount of current for charging so when not proper current converts into the socket of power, it causes a short circuit to the laptop.
Fix it:
By replacing a power supply, one can secure its laptop from short circuit.
Hardware devices cause short circuit:
A short circuit can also be caused by any defective hardware devices like floppy, USB, DVD, CVD or CD player hardware. Because this hardware might contain any virus that affects the circuit and short circuit can take place.
Fix it:
Use millimeter or an ohmmeter for testing of short circuits in the laptop. Put the positive pin inside of the power connector of the laptop. Put a negative pin on the outer metal part of the connector. Check the millimeter digital display. If reading is less than 3 ohms, it is an indication of a short circuit.
Remove devices like CD, DVD, and ROM, battery, Floppy or any other connected device to see if it is the cause of the short circuit.
Turn on the laptop without these devices to see either laptop starts or not.
Dust and improper placing:
Laptops should be placed on a neat and clean surface. A person should use a protector for its screen and its body that it can be protected from the dust. Because dust particle form clog into the laptop which can affect the circuit and short circuit can take place. You should always maintain a clean laptop.
The irregular placing of laptop or placing a weight on the laptop can cause short circuit and damage of the laptop. A laptop should place on the plain surface to protecting from the damage.
Fix it:
This problem can be solved by drying out the dust from the circuit by the dryer. Blow dry moves out the dust particles from the circuit.
How to prevent a laptop to short circuit?
there is some safety precaution to prevent from the short circuit:
 - While using laptop avoid the use of liquid or water near the laptop.
 - Avoid taking the coffee or tea during using a laptop but if you don't work without these things then take them with special care.
 - You can also use motherboard protector that if something is spat on the motherboard it will not cause the short circuit.
 - The power supply should be placed at a safe place that it could not breakdown or damage.
 - A laptop should be placed in its bag and power supply with it.
 - The laptop should be used in room temperature because high temperature can cause a short circuit. You can use a laptop without a battery.
 - Make sure that electricity supply is in range, and then connect the power supply with laptop otherwise short circuit can take place due to insufficient or high voltage.
 - A laptop should be placed out of the reach of kids.
 - Hardware devices should be installed in the laptop after rechecking that they are free from virus, these drives interrupt the circuit and shirt circuit takes place.
 - A laptop should place in a dry and clean surface.
 - Any weight gaining thing should not place on the laptop it damages the laptop and short circuit might be possible.
Final Words about Electrical Short Circuit in a Laptop
As we are talking about the short circuit of a laptop so I am sharing my story of laptop. We all know that load shedding and electrical fluctuations is a common problem from the last few years.
so 6 months ago my laptop was on charging and suddenly load shedding happens and I forget to remove my laptop from charging. Now, when the light comes it comes with high voltage power and it damages many electronics in the area.
Fortunately, only the laptop was on charging other appliances was not switched on, so when checking my laptop its power supply was not working.
High voltage damages my laptop charger by not my laptop because the laptop power supply contains a protector. whenever high voltage or improper voltage passes from it, it acts as a fuse and destroy itself and protect the laptop from the damage. So in this way, my laptop remains safe from a short circuit.
Related Articles:
How to Adjust Laptop Screen Size on TV?


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Emergency Medical Responder Training
Interested in knowing more than just first aid or want enhanced knowledge in dealing with a medical emergency in your workplace? Then consider Emergency Medical Responder training. As an Emergency Medical Responder (EMR), you may be a member of any of the three emergency services: Ambulance, Fire, or Police, or you may be a specially-trained industrial responder, workplace health & safety member, Occupational Health Nurse, private citizen or public employee.
This course of study is designed to teach you advanced knowledge in dealing with a medical emergency. It provides the knowledge and skill sets needed in an emergency to help maintain life, and reduce mortality and pain both in trauma and sudden illness. This course meets and follows the curriculum requirements of the Paramedic Association of Canada's National Competency Profile.
COURSE OF STUDIESThe course of study is divided into two semester segments as it is 80 hours in duration.
Course content for semester one includes:
- Introduction to the EMS system
- The well being of the EMR
- Legal and Ethical Issues
- The Human body
- Lifting and moving patients
- The airway and ventilation
- Oxygen safety
- Automated External Defibrillation
- Scene Assessment
- Patient Assessment
- Communication and Documentation
- Cardiac and Respiratory Emergencies
Course content for semester two includes:
- Other common Medical complaints
- Geriatric considerations
- Heat and stroke emergencies
- Bites and Stings
- Psychological Emergencies and Crisis Intervention
- Bleeding and Shock
- Soft-Tissue Injuries
- Injuries to the chest, Abdomen
- Industrial emergencies
- Injuries to head, face and neck
- Injuries to the spine
- Musculoskeletal injuries
- Child Birth and infants and children
- EMS operations
- Hazardous Materials incidents and Emergencies
- M.C.I. and Incident command
- Special rescue situations
You must complete both semesters to receive certification. The duration of certification validation is 3 years and is overseen by a qualified medical director.
There is a written test and practical component as part of the evaluation and you must reach a minimum of 75% to pass.
The program includes certification in CPR at the health care provider (HCP) level and Automated External Defibrillation. The certification will be Heart & Stroke association of Canada and is instructed by a certified Heart and stroke instructor. Meets and exceeds OHS regulation in advanced first aid.


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[erlang-questions] leading underscores on variables versus _
Richard A. O'Keefe
Tue Feb 6 23:59:17 CET 2007
Matthias Lang <> wrote:
Changing _x to behave as many (most?) initially expect would break
backwards compatibility, but only for misleading code such as the
Cast your mind back to 1986 and consider someone writing
Quintus Prolog in Japanese. All Japanese characters were
taken to be LOWER case, so that they could be used for
atoms and predicate names.
Japanese programmers would surely like to write Erlang
function names using their own language and script, no?
But that means that a variable name cannot begin with a
Japanese character. That's fine, Japanese Prolog programmers
thought of the convention as "to name a variable, put an
underscore in front of a word or phrase".
Japanese programmers would surely like to name Erlang
variables using their own language and script, not?
So there HAS to be a way of writing a variable name that does not
involve starting it with a Latin capital letter, and that way is
to use an underscore. It is ESSENTIAL that leading underscores
NOT cause any special treatment; in particular it is essential that
they should not cause identifiers to be treated as anonymous
I note that Prolog, Mercury, Clean, and Haskell all use "_" for
anonymous variables, and none of them has rule about other variable
names starting with "_" being unusual, and now you know one reason
why they don't.
More information about the erlang-questions


text:
Purpose: To assess the importance of hypoxia imaging for radiation treatment planning by evaluation of the effectiveness of modulated radiation treatments targeting hypoxia with increased doses. Method and Materials: Starting with a two‐dimensional diffusion model of tissue oxygenation, a planar tumor model was developed to simulate chronic and acute hypoxia as well as oxygenation/reoxygenation effects on the microscopic scale. Tumor cell radiation response was evaluated using linear quadratic model taking into account individual cell oxygenation levels. Cell repopulation/tumor shrinkage was not considered, as to represent a slow‐growing tumor. Using this model, we evaluated the effectiveness of intensity modulated radiation therapy treatments targeting hypoxia with increased radiation doses. We compared different approaches to targeting hypoxia, including fixed dose modulation based on the pre‐treatment imaging of hypoxia and adaptive dose modulation based on interfraction imaging of hypoxia. Furthermore, to study the importance of hypoxia imaging resolution we compared two scenarios: 1. microscopic, where cell‐by‐cell imaging of hypoxia and dose delivery is possible, 2. macroscopic, where both imaging and irradiation can be conducted with 1mm resolution. Results: For a total tumor dose of 30Gy, the adaptive hypoxia‐targeting therapy provided the best tumor control for the microscopic scenario with [formula omitted] compared to [formula omitted] for the treatment with uniform dose of 2Gy per fraction. However, for a more realistic macroscopic scenario, the finite resolution of hypoxia imaging and dose delivery significantly reduced the therapeutic advantage of adaptive hypoxia targeted therapy resulting in [formula omitted] compared to 7.09⋅10−5 for the uniform dose treatment. Conclusion: We have demonstrated that the adaptive dose modulation based on oxygenation map acquired before each fraction does results in slightly better tumor control compared to uniform dose delivery. However, the tumor control improvement is yet to be proven significant enough to justify the clinical implementation of hypoxia‐targeting dose modulation.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging


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Ethnic Ukrainians from western Ukraine are known to have been in Australia as early as 1860. One of the best-known early Ukrainian arrivals was explorer, naturalist and ethnographer Nikolai Miklouho-Maclay who visited Australia in the late 19th century and was instrumental in the establishment of a Zoological Field Station at Watson's Bay, Sydney.
The Ukrainian population in Australia remained small for many more decades, during a tumultuous period in Ukrainian history. Ukraine had been fought over and subjugated for many centuries because it was rich in natural resources. After World War I it was briefly independent, but by 1922 it was split between the Soviet Union and Poland. Two disastrous famines followed, and millions more died in World War II.
Large numbers of Ukrainian refugees
first arrived in Australia in 1948 as part of the International Refugee
Organization resettlement agreement. Other Ukrainian immigrants
arrived in Victoria on Assisted Passages. In 1954, when Ukraine-born people were first recorded in the census
, 4,678 were living in Victoria. This may understate the number of immigrants
from Ukraine as it is defined today, as some Ukrainians were represented in the census
under other nationalities such as the Soviet Union.
In 1991 Ukraine gained independence, and over the next five years the Ukraine-born population in Victoria increased for the first time in many decades, from 2,937 in 1991 to 5,370 in 1996. Many of these new post-independence migrants were young professionals in the fields of science, mathematics and computer technology. In 2006 Victoria had the largest Ukraine-born population in Australia, with a total of 5,682 people. While 58% of Ukraine-born in Victoria spoke Russian at home, 26% spoke Ukrainian.
Living predominantly around Melbourne's south-eastern suburbs, around half of the community are Christian, while 32% are Jewish. The majority of those in employment work as professionals, and are in the property and business services industry. Supporting the cultural heritage of the Ukrainian community today, are a range of organisations including the Association of Ukrainians in Victoria.


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Huascarán National Park World Heritage Site
Parc national de Huascarán, Peru
Please, login to help us
Hey friend, could you provide us a wikipedia URL with a good description of this protected area?
Please, be sure that you are suggesting an english language wikipedia URL (_URL_....)mark it as wrong
Huascarán National Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Huascarán) is a national park in the Cordillera Blanca, a range of the Andes, in Ancash of central Peru. It was also pronounced as Natural Heritage of Humanity and recognized as Reserve of Biosphere Core. The highest mountain in Peru is located in the park (also named Huascarán, reaching 6,768 meters high). This park is the habitat of the Puya raimondi, the Cougar, the Jaguar, the Llama, the Guanaco, the Marsh Deer, the Peruvian Tapir, the Peruvian Piedtail, a hummingbird species, and many kinds of ducks including the Southern Pochard.
Its protection was initially arranged by the Peruvian government in 1975 in order to safeguard flora and fauna, geological formations, archaeological remains (including relics of the Chavin culture), and the panoramic scenery of the Cordillera Blanca, and to encourage scientific research into the area's natural and cultural resources. Tourism is promoted in the area, making its protected status a source of wealth for its inhabitants and others. In 1985 the park was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.
Huascarán National Park is home to mountains ranging from 2000 to over 6000 m in height. Huascarán, the mountain from which the park takes its name, is the highest in Peru at 6768 m, and rises above nearby peaks such as Alpamayo and Pisco.
The park's 3,000 km² contain 663 glaciers, 296 lakes and 41 tributaries of three important rivers: the Santa, Pativilca and Marañón.
The climate of the park is characterized by two stages during the year. This depends on two major factors: the warm, humid winds from the Amazon Basin, which generate abundant rain between December and March; and a pronounced dry period between May and October, with sunny days that reach 25 °C and nights of intense cold during which temperatures can drop below 0 °C, and well below that at higher altitudes.
The environment in the park ranges from the Sechura Desert in the west to the Peruvian Yungas in the east, with Central Andean wet puna in the higher elevations. It is home to considerable biodiversity, with over 779 species of high Andean plants and 112 species of birds having been identified, including the Andean Condor (Vultur gryphus), the Torrent Duck (Merganetta armata), and the Puna Tinamou (Tinamotis pentlandii). Amongst mammals, more than ten species have been observed, several of them endangered, such as the Colocolo (Oncifelis colocolo), the Andean Cat (Oreailurus jacobita), the Spectacled Bear (Tremarctos ornatus), Peruvian Guemal (Hippocamelus antisensis), and the Vicuña (Vicugna vicugna).
In the area of Catac, there are the famous Puyas Raimondi. These plants are mainly located in the spacious forests from three places of Ancash: the gully of Ingenio in Catac, the punas of Cajamarquilla and the gully of Queshque, also in Catac.
The Puyas Raimondi was named in this way in homage to the Italian wise person who discovered it. This plant is a gigantic inflorescence that is unique all over the world. It reaches up to 10 m height, with more than three thousand flowers and six million seeds in each plant. Its biological cycle is approximately 40 years.
It is possible to walk among mountains of over 6000 m in height without being an experienced mountaineer, although there are peaks which attract the most dedicated climbers. As well as this, ecotourism, horse riding, skiing and guided archaeological excursions are all popular.
Thanks friend, Could you tell us where you got this information?
Sorry, it is not possible to edit this geometry online. In the next few months we will be adding tools to edit complicated boundaries. Please try again soon!


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Other common name(s): none
Scientific/medical name(s): Cu, cupric oxide, copper sulfate, copper gluconate, copper picolinate, cupric acetate, alkaline copper carbonate
Copper is a required nutrient. It is found naturally in foods such as shellfish, beef liver, whole grains, beans, peas, nuts, potatoes, green vegetables, and chocolate. Copper helps regulate blood pressure and heart rate and is needed to absorb iron from the gut. It is used to make many important compounds in the body.
Some laboratory and animal studies have found that copper has antioxidant properties and may have some anti-cancer effects. Other studies have found that high copper levels in the blood were linked with cancer and other diseases. Newer studies are looking at whether depriving the body of copper can help stop cancer growth. More extensive human studies are needed to learn what role copper may play in preventing or treating cancer.
How is it promoted for use?
Scientists know, based on many studies, that copper is a trace element needed to support nerve function and help the body use iron. It is important to a number of enzyme systems, and helps produce energy and skin color (melanin).
There are also claims that copper helps healing, helps to expel toxins from the body, prevents thyroid problems, promotes healthy skin and hair, and helps prevent heart problems. A few maintain that it can cure slipped discs, aneurysms, and even hemorrhoids.
On the other hand, some claim that copper promotes cancer growth. Proponents of this theory recommend a diet low in copper and the use of chelating agents that bind to copper and help remove it from the body (see our document, Chelation Therapy).
What does it involve?
Copper supplements are available in pill or capsule form. Copper is often added to vitamin and mineral supplements. But most people are able to get enough copper in their bodies by eating balanced meals. Fruits and vegetables can provide up to 30% of a person's total copper intake. Copper is often present in drinking water, mainly from copper pipes that leach it into the water as it flows through.
The minimum recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for copper is 0.9 milligrams per day for most adults, 1 milligram for pregnant women, and 1.3 milligrams for women who are breast-feeding. The RDA is enough to meet the needs of most people in these groups.
Some people may not get enough copper from foods, especially if they take zinc supplements, which can partly block copper absorption. Large doses of vitamin C supplements can also block copper uptake. People who take zinc supplements or large doses of vitamin C may need to take extra copper to absorb enough. Those with malabsorption diseases or malnutrition may also need extra copper.
What is the history behind it?
While research into the antioxidant properties of copper is quite recent, healing properties have long been attributed to copper in folk medicine. Some people wear copper bracelets, for example, because they believe it helps with arthritis. Today, many multivitamins and other herbal and mineral supplements include copper.
What is the evidence?
Copper is a trace mineral that is needed for many important body processes. Animal studies have shown that copper is useful in maintaining antioxidant defenses. Antioxidants block the actions of free radicals, which are activated oxygen molecules that can damage cells. While the role of copper in the cancer process is still unclear, copper complexes have been shown to have anti-cancer properties in laboratory studies.
Other laboratory and animal studies suggest that high copper levels may be linked to liver cancer and brain tumors. More recently, many studies have shown that patients' blood copper levels are higher in several types of cancer and other diseases. To add to the confusion, blood tests can show high copper levels even when there is little copper in the tissues. These high copper levels may be due to injury, disease, or inflammation. Because copper levels in the blood do not always reflect nutritional status, it's hard to design or find good studies of copper.
Copper is needed to form new blood vessels, and because cancer needs new blood vessels in order to grow, some researchers are lowering copper levels to see if it will help slow tumor growth. In effect the researchers are trying to use low copper levels to starve the tumor of nutrients by keeping it from building new blood vessels (anti-angiogenesis). One group of researchers looked at whether a copper-lowering drug, tetrathiomolybdate (or TM), could help patients with advanced kidney cancer. Some patients' cancer stopped growing during the 6-month treatment period. A few people had low white blood counts during treatment, requiring that treatment be stopped until they recovered. This was a small study, and further research is needed to find out whether copper can help more people with advanced cancer.
More study of TM and a related drug (ATN-224) is taking place to find out if lower copper levels can help other anti-cancer treatments work better. Though most of the studies so far have been in the lab, early clinical trials in people with solid tumor cancers look promising. People taking copper-lowering drugs with cancer treatment have had problems with anemia, tiredness, and low white blood cell counts.
Another study noted high copper levels in the blood of people who died from heart disease. It is not known whether the laboratory tests accurately reflected copper levels in the body tissue or exactly what caused the high levels. In contrast, a recent study gave copper supplements to healthy women with no signs of copper deficiency. Their cholesterol and triglyceride levels improved, as did some other markers of heart disease risk. This small study did not look at actual heart disease, however. Further research is required to determine whether copper can affect heart disease risk.
Many people wear copper bracelets for their arthritis, and some people report improvements in their arthritis symptoms. However, available scientific evidence does not support claims that the bracelets are effective. A gel form of copper salicylate (an aspirin-copper compound) was no better for pain relief than sham gel, although the copper gel produced more rashes.
One lab study showed that the white blood cells of men who had been on a low-copper diet were less effective attacking germs than they were when the same men were getting enough copper. An older study in a group of children recovering from malnutrition showed that those who got copper supplements had fewer lung infections than those who got sham supplements. While these studies suggest that severe copper deficiency results in poorer immune function, further studies are needed to find out what effect, if any, milder deficiency might have.
There is some evidence that trace metals, including copper, iron and zinc, may have a role in forming the brain plaques associated with Alzheimer's disease. There is not enough evidence to define the role of copper in this process.
At this time, it is hard to say how each nutrient or nutrient combination affects a person's risk of cancer. On the other hand, studies looking at large groups of people have shown that those whose diets are high in vegetables and low in animal fat, meat, and/or calories have lower risks for some of the most common types of cancer.
Until more is known about this, the American Cancer Society recommends eating a variety of healthful foods -- with most of them coming from plant sources -- rather than relying on supplements. In certain situations, supplements may help some people, such as pregnant women, women of childbearing age, and people with restricted food intakes. If a supplement is taken, the best choice for most people is a balanced multivitamin/mineral supplement that contains no more than 100% of the "Daily Value" of most nutrients.
Are there any possible problems or complications?
Adults are advised not to take more than 10 milligrams of copper per day due to the risk of liver damage. The recommended maximum dosage is lower for children, depending on age.
Copper toxicity is rare, and copper supplements are considered safe when taken in recommended amounts. Copper overdoses can cause serious problems such as liver damage, kidney failure, coma, and death. Early symptoms of overdose may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, problems with coordination or movement, and sleepiness. There may also be behavioral problems, such as trouble concentrating or emotional disturbances.
People with Wilson's disease (a genetic disorder that allows copper to build up in the body) should not take copper supplements or multivitamins that contain copper. Diabetics should also avoid these supplements because copper can affect blood sugar levels.
Problems may also happen when a person has too little copper. Copper is required for iron to be absorbed into the body and is necessary for babies to develop normally. Osteoporosis (thinning bones) can develop in infants and adults with too little copper. In adults, low copper levels can result in anemia and low white blood cell counts. Low copper levels in adults have been reported to cause muscle spasms in the legs and trouble walking.
Copper supplements can interfere with some medicines. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist about all medicines, herbs, and supplements that you are taking.
Relying on this type of treatment alone and avoiding or delaying conventional medical care for cancer may have serious health consequences.
More information from your American Cancer Society
The following information on complementary and alternative therapies may also be helpful to you. These materials may be found on our Web site (_URL_) or ordered from our toll-free number (_PHONE_).
The ACS Operational Statement on Complementary and Alternative Methods of Cancer Management
Araya M, Olivares M, Pizarro F, Méndez Ma, González M, Uauy R. Supplementing copper at the upper level of the adult dietary recommended intake induces detectable but transient changes in healthy adults. J Nut


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Budget cuts at NASA means that one MAR 26 2008
Budget cuts at NASA means that one of the two Mars rovers will be shut down, even though it's still doing useful science.
Besides resting Spirit, scientists also likely will have to reduce exploration by Opportunity, which is probing a large crater near the equator. Instead of sending up commands to Opportunity every day to drive or explore a rock, its activities may be limited to every other day, said John Callas, the Mars Exploration Rover project manager at JPL.
The rovers were originally deployed for three-month missions but have operated for more than four years.
Update: NASA decided not to go through with Mars rover budget cuts. (thx, jeff)


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This tutorial was written in PSPX but will work in all versions. First, if you are planning on a collaboration and want to make items matching the same color scheme for all designers, then as a team you will decide on the colors to use.
But I also like to use swatches to help me keep things consistent with designs. For example, any color swatch on my site has 5 coordinating colors. You would use it the same way you would a collaboration swatch.
Once the color swatch has been created you need to save the swatch to your computer and pull it up with PSP.
Step 1 – Open your PSP and then go to File/Open and select the color swatch. For this tutorial I am opening the color swatch for the Candy Wrapper Blog Train (coming soon).
Step 2 – Select the foreground color swatch on your materials pallet
Step 3 – When the options box pops up, click on the color tab.
Step 4 – Place your mouse on the color in your swatch that you want to use. As you hover over the color you will notice that the RGB values will be displayed.
Step 5 – When you get to the color you want, left click it and the color will be loaded as your current color. Notice how the red is set as the current color in the materials pallet above but it has now changed to blue in the image below.
Now you can use the color you selected from the color swatch to make your elements, papers, patterns, wrappers or whatever. So, if, say for example, you want your paper (background) to be blue, you would select the blue color as shown above. Then when you get ready to add your textbox but want it to be say the maroon color in the swatch, you would select the maroon the same way.
I hope this has been helpful!


text:
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In Shakespeare's Othello, Iago character stays the same throughout but Othello's does not. How and why does this happen?
The first 200 words of this essay...
In Shakespeare's Othello, Iago character stays the same throughout but Othello's does not. How and why does this happen?
Othello's character undergoes a dramatic transformation, the man of calm integrity seen at the beginning of the play deteriorates into a man infected with ideas of revenge and death.
This essay will focus on the attitudes and relationships between the central characters and the mistrust that is apparent as the play progresses.
Othello is the protagonist of this tragedy who can be solely described as the tragic hero of the play. Aristotle defined a tragic hero as a person who moves from the highest point to the lowest. Othello was once referred to as the saviour of the Venetian state but later appeared to be a mentally disturbed murderer whose mistrust and jealousy for Desdemona brought about his downfall.
A common finale in Shakespeare's plays is having the central character killed in a bloody and violent fashion. In plays such as Macbeth and Romeo and Juliet a death occurs early on in the play which triggers off conflict between the central characters. The death at the beginning of Othello is that of principles and trust, the kind,
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""Salma Ahmed. Law and English. GCSE Student.
""Zoia, London. GCSE Student. 'English, Science, RE, Geography, History.'


text:
Japanese Satsuma Pottery Vase
--R.S., RAYMOND, MISS.
This Japanese Satsuma pottery vase is a common example of a decorative item found in many homes. This piece may have been one of a pair. Made in the early part of the 20th century, the vase is in baluster form and has multicolored hand-painted late Art Nouveau-style decoration with moriage, or raised-slip, floral and leaf motifs. The insurance value for this vase is $450.
Valued at: $450
--H.P., LAS CRUCES, N.M.
The Japanese porcelain vase was made in the second quarter of the 20th century. It's very surprising that the artwork is not signed somewhere in the design because of the high quality of the painting. The signature would not be on the base but possibly hidden somewhere in the body of the painting on the vessel.
Valued at: $750
Japanese Moriage Vase
--S.C., WASHINGTON COURT HOUSE, OHIO
Note that the vase has brightly colored flowers on one side and plain white flowers on the other. This is a double-sided vase, meant to be placed on the floor with the plain face to the wall. It was made in Japan in the 1920s, and has a moriage, or raised enamel decoration. These mass-produced vases were fairly common household items. However, the large size of this one makes it more desirable.
Valued at: $250
Japanese Pottery Vase
--C.C., SAUTEE, GA
Often seen in even larger sizes, this pair of pottery vases was made in Japan circa 1920. The raised enamel decoration is called moriage. It was shaped and applied by hand, similar to the way in which yellow slip decoration is applied to redware pottery. Vases like these were sold in Woolworth stores, and if they were both in perfect condition, the pair's insurance value would be $350.
Valued at: $125/pair
--A.B., DICKSON, TENN.
Based on your family history, it is possible that your uncle bought this vase in Japan; it is an example of an early-20th-century Satsuma vase, characterized by a buff-colored or creamy beige ground, often with a crackle decoration applied over the glaze. Blue, red, green, orange, and gold were popular colors, and subjects included women, samurai (soldiers), flowers, and birds.
Valued at: $750
*The estimates provided are preliminary only and subject to change based on firsthand inspection and further research. Appraisal prices refer to an item's fair market value, or what one might expect to pay for an object of similar age, size, color, and condition at auction.


Safety Stock & Re-order points – simple explanation
Safety stock is the additional number of units of stock held by a company to mitigate several market risks. Without safety stocks, the company could have negative customer experience, lost revenue, lost market share and long-term customer value. However, a higher safety stock strains the organization in the form of higher working capital requirement. Safety stocks help in mitigating several risks as below:
 1. A Sudden spike in demand
 2. Offset inaccurate forecasts
 3. Longer than expected lead times to delivery (from the supplier)
 4. Quality issue rejects of stock, leading to stock-outs
 5. Increase in manufacturing or production time
 6. Transportation strikes or non-availability of transport
 7. Warehouse space issues due to which inbound gets delayed
So, how does one calculate the safety stock needed for an item?
The answer is that there is no one definite way of calculating the safety stock required. One shouldn't use the available formulas blindly as the specific case of each company x product x market is very different.
Method 1: Let's start with intuition (I love intuition!).
Intuitively, safety stock is designed to cover for maximum delays in delivery from the supplier. So, what can be the maximum delay from a supplier that you want to guard against – it is the maximum lead time minus the average lead time from the supplier.
So, the most common formula for safety stock is:
(Max Daily Sales * Max Lead Time) – (Average Daily Sales * Average Lead Time)
Re-order Point = Lead Time Demand + Safety Stock
Method 2: EOQ Formula (For a full blog post on EOQ refer this link)
A toys company deals in one single toy and procures from a single supplier and has an annual demand of 4000 units of a single toy. The cost of placing an order is Rs. 50 each time with the annual costs of holding the toy being at 40 % of the purchasing cost. The company purchases the toy at Rs. 120 per unit. How much should the company order at a time?
EOQ= √ (2*C*D)/CH
EOQ= √(2*50*4,000)/(0.4*120)
EOQ= √(400,000)/(48)
EOQ= 28.87 units
Method 3: Formula used in SAP ERP system
A buffer stock or safety stock has to be designed to cover various deviations. A delay in any of the lead times mentioned below affects the procurement pattern.
 - ordering lead time
 - manufacturing lead time
 - transportation lead time
 - stock conversion lead time (inward lead time or QC clearance lead time)
Moreover, the determination of safety stock depends on the forecast accuracy. Higher the accuracy, lower the safety stock requirement. Hence, we have the below
MAD = Mean absolute deviation (parameter for forecast accuracy)
Now, if replenishment lead time is greater than the forecast period by factor W then:
Safety Stock = R x Sq.rt. W x MAD
Safety Stock = R x W x MAD
Method 4: Safety stock should cover supply and demand variability
Safety stock should have two components: supply safety stock and demand safety stock.
Demand safety stock = k*sd(forecast error)*sqr rt(lead time)
k = factor for number of std deviations required for given service level (refer link)
Supply safety stock = k*std dev lead time
Total safety stock = sqrt( demand safety stock + supply safety stock)
As you saw from the above methods, there is no one clear way of calculating safety stocks. It depends on a whole range of parameters such as lead times, forecast periods, order cycle times, forecast accuracy, service levels, lead time variances and others. Therefore, it is very important to test and observe the trends of all variables periodically to ensure that the best safety stock values are used by the firm.
Thank you.


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Fort Independence Playground
Jerome Park Resevoir and Sedgwick Av bet. W
Directions via Google Maps
The American Revolution (_PHONE_), the fight for our nation's independence from British rule, irrevocably shaped the course of American history and physically transformed the colonial landscape. Evidence of Revolutionary War action is imprinted on New York City from the Battery in Manhattan to Fort Greene in Brooklyn, from Newtown Creek in Queens to Port Richmond in Staten Island. The Bronx neighborhood of Kingsbridge, so named for the first bridge connecting Manhattan with the mainland in 1693, was strategically important during the Revolution in the New York Campaign and subsequently in the British defense of the city.
Directions to Fort Independence Playground
Fort Independence Playground Weather


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Relativistic self-focusing gives mid-IR driven electrons a boost
Conventional particle accelerators can range from large room-sized devices to facilities multiple kilometers across. One of the ways that scientists have looked to reduce the size and expense of future accelerators is by developing laser -driven plasma acceleration. Such accelerators, however, are growing in size and complexity in order to maintain relevance for one of their applications—high energy physics. However, there are many applications that can use a lower energy and higher repetition rate accelerated beam. For the first time, scientists have observed the production of relativistic electrons driven by low-energy, ultrashort mid-infrared laser pulses. A research team at the University of Maryland, USA, with support from the Technical University of Vienna, Austria, will present their group's findings at Frontiers in Optics + Laser Science APS/DLS (FIO + LS), held 17-21 September 2017 in Washington, DC.
"We're trying to develop laser-driven accelerators that are extremely compact and have a high repetition rate," said Howard Milchberg, Fellow of The American Physical Society (APS) and The Optical Society (OSA), and professor of Physics and Electrical Engineering at the University of Maryland. "That means using as low a laser pulse energy as possible to generate relativistic electrons. Such sources could have use in rapid scan imaging for medical, scientific and security applications."
Recently, the development of optical parametric chirp pulse amplification (OPCPA) systems in the mid-infrared has enabled the use of long wavelength pulses on the femtosecond scale. Until this development, long wavelength laser pulses have primarily been available from CO2 lasers, but they have a complicated multi-pulse structure with pulse durations extending, at the shortest durations, beyond several picoseconds, hundreds of times longer.
Common laser-driven acceleration experiments depend on short laser pulse interaction with a gas target. Compared to prior experiments, the long driver wavelength used in this project resulted in easy access to what is called the "critical density" regime. Because the critical density varies inversely as the square of the laser wavelength, gas targets used for mid-IR laser pulses can be up to 100 times less dense than those used in the visible and near-IR, making them far less difficult to engineer.
"When a few-millijoule femtosecond mid-IR laser pulses is focused by a curved mirror into a hydrogen gas jet - a stream of hydrogen puffing out of a nozzle - a collimated pulse of relativistic electrons beams out the other side of the jet," Milchberg said, describing the experiment. "However, this can't happen unless the laser achieves an extremely high intensity - much higher than achievable by focusing with the curved mirror alone. It does so by relativistic self-focusing in the ionized hydrogen gas so that it collapses to a size much smaller than its focal spot."
The importance of being in the critical density regime, according to Milchberg, is that it promotes relativistic self-focusing even for low energy laser pulses. This boosted high-intensity interaction generates plasma waves that accelerate some of the electrons from the ionized hydrogen into a forward-directed relativistic beam.
The team found that electron beams were present for powers such that the characteristic self-focusing length in plasma was shorter than the, gas jet width, showing that electron acceleration cannot occur without relativistic self-focusing.
Relativistic self-focusing is an extreme example of the well-known process of self-focusing in nonlinear optics, but now with the bonus of accelerated relativistic particles generated from the nonlinear medium.
Even with only 20 millijoules of mid-IR laser energy, the laser in these experiments can significantly exceed the threshold for relativistic self-focusing, giving rise to relativistic multi-filamentation. The team observed multiple relativistic electron beamlets associated with these filaments.
These innovations are among the beginning steps for the development and applications of high repetition rate laser driven accelerators. "In particular," Milchberg said, "long wavelength femtosecond lasers are especially promising, as they can access the relativistic nonlinear regime of free electrons surprisingly easily."


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Tusks and crocodile blood seized at UK borders in crackdown on endangered animal products
Criminal gangs and wildlife traffickers in more than 100 countries were targeted in the operation led by Interpol.
Crocodile blood capsules
Image: Crocodile blood capsules were among the items seized
Why you can trust Sky News
Crocodile blood and elephant tusks are among thousands of endangered animal products seized in a month-long operation at UK ports and airports.
Specially-trained UK Border Force officers took part in the international drive against wildlife criminals, who are responsible for a huge increase in the trade in rare animal and plant items.
The operation, led by Interpol and the World Customs Organisation, specifically focussed on the activities of criminal gangs in more than 100 countries, who feed off organised wildlife trafficking.
An elephant tusk with wall mount
Image: An elephant tusk with wall mount
As part of that effort, Border Force officers intensified their operations at sea ports and airports, making 178 separate seizures of items totalling thousands of products, banned under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES).
The seizures included elephant tusks and other ivory goods, live corals and reptile skin products and bottles containing crocodile blood.
The reptile blood products are increasingly popular in Thailand and a number of other countries in the Far East, where some believe they are effective in preventing cancer.
Officers also seized a number of rare cactus plants. The cacti astrophytum asterias plants are native to a small number of states in the US and Mexico.
More from Elephants
Border Force officials unwrapping cacti
Image: Border Force officials unwrapping cacti
They are classed in the highest category of protected plant species and described as critically imperilled.
But despite this protection, illegal collection continues to threaten the future of this rare cactus.
Other items seized at the UK border included queen conch pearl, among the rarest type of pearl in the world. High-quality specimens can fetch up to £15,000 per carat.
Despite a UK ban on the trade in ivory, Border Force agents still regularly recover ivory products at Britain's ports and airports.
Astrophytum asterias cacti are endangered
Image: Astrophytum asterias cacti are endangered
Elephant tusks, attached to wall mounting chains, were among the ivory products found during this latest operation.
The European Union has come under increasing pressure to follow the example of the UK and US in banning the trade in ivory products.
The international trade in those products was outlawed 30 years ago, but trade in antique ivory and shipments of personal effects for non-commercial purposes are still allowed and this loophole is being exploited by some traders within the EU.
A queen conch pearl
Image: A queen conch pearl
Conservationists have accused the EU of helping fuel the trade, which has seen a rise in elephant poaching in parts of Africa over the past decade, with around 20,000 elephants killed each year for their ivory.
Home Office Minister Chris Philip said the UK was proud to play a part in the latest international efforts to combat wildlife crime.
"The trade in endangered species is driven by organised crime groups and the movement of banned animal products is key to how they operate," he said.
Codenamed Operation Thunder, the international drive against the trade in endangered animal and plant products led to the worldwide seizure of 1.3 tonnes of ivory, more than one tonne of pangolin scales, 1,400 live turtles and 1,800 reptiles.


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There is a critical link between energy and climate. Burning fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Combustion of these fuels is responsible for roughly 90 percent of New Jersey's greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, each year, generation of electricity from fossil fuels is responsible for over 30 million metric tons of carbon dioxide.
Energy efficiency is the easiest, most cost-effective way to reduce energy use and hence, reduce greenhouse gas generation. Renewable energy sources such as solar, wind and geothermal reduce our reliance on fossil fuels that contribute to climate change.
Through innovative programs, technical support, policy development and scientific research, Sustainability and Green Energy (SAGE) supports efforts to reduce the State's greenhouse gas emissions by helping New Jersey move toward a clean energy future.
Specifically, SAGE supports other DEP programs that promote energy efficiency and clean energy; works with other state agencies to quantify the greenhouse gas reductions that result from their programs, and provides technical assistance to help prioritize those clean energy projects that represent the wisest use of taxpayer dollars. Reaching beyond state government, OCE works with New Jersey universities as well as regional and national working groups to promote clean energy and fuels.
Reducing energy use and replacing fossil fuels with clean energy sources are key strategies for meeting the greenhouse gas limit required by the NJ Global Warming Response Act. Specific energy-related activities of SAGE include:
- Encouraging Development of Renewable Energy
Use of renewable energy for electricity transportation and space heating reduces our reliance on the fossil fuels that cause climate change. New Jersey requires that a portion of the state's energy needs be met with renewable sources. SAGE helps the state move toward that goal, by:
- Supporting the NJ Clean Energy Program. Run by the NJ Board of Public Utilities, the NJ Clean Energy Program offers financial incentives, programs and services for New Jersey residents, business owners and local governments to help them save energy, money and the environment. It is estimated that as of 2008, the Clean Energy Program has reduced carbon dioxide emissions by over 400,000 metric tons annually. SAGE provides environmental consultation services to the Board of Public Utilities to monitor its environmental benefits and to calculate the greenhouse reductions that result from energy savings.
- Evaluating innovative technologies. Emerging and innovative renewable energy technologies show great promise for addressing the climate challenge. SAGE helps to evaluate new technologies for the NJBPU and the NJEDA.
- Conducting sustainability determinations. It is crucial that potential renewable energy projects reduce greenhouse gases over their entire lifecycle and minimize negative environmental impacts. The SAGE conducts rigorous evaluations to assure that those Class I biomass renewable energy projects seeking NJBPU renewable energy generation credit meet New Jersey's standards for sustainability.
- Conducting "Highest Environmental Standards" determinations. SAGE coordinates the NJDEP verification of projects that convert municipal solid waste into energy to ensure Class II renewable projects meet New Jersey's clean air and solid waste standards.
- Supporting the NJ Energy Master Plan. In December 2011, the New Jersey Board of Public Utilities revised the state's Energy Master Plan, a road map to guide New Jersey toward a responsible energy future with adequate, reliable energy supplies that are both environmentally responsible and competitively priced. Successful implementation of the Energy Master Plan is critical if the state is to meet the 2020 greenhouse gas limit required by New Jersey law. SAGE supports implementation of the Energy Master Plan by:
- Promoting Combined Heat & Power. Combined heat and power (CHP), also known as cogeneration, is the simultaneous production of electricity and heat from a single fuel source, such as: natural gas, biomass, biogas, coal, waste heat, or oil. SAGE helps both NJBPU and NJEDA evaluate applications for financial incentives for Combined Heat & Power installations.
- Researching and facilitating renewable energy use. SAGE staff coordinates with the DEP Office of Permit Coordination and Environmental Review to help developers of new renewable energy projects get necessary and timely information about the permitting process.
In consultation with SAGE, the DEP Division of Air Quality provides guidance on wood burning in New Jersey.
- Supporting green manufacturing. The NJ Economic Development Authority awards grants to companies that manufacture products used for energy efficiency and renewable energy. SAGE conducts technical reviews of applications for these financial incentives.
- Reducing Waste & Recovering Energy. Each stage of a product's life cycle, including its "end of life" management, consumes fossil fuels that lead to climate change. In addition, decomposition of organic waste releases methane, which is both a potent greenhouse gas and a potential source of energy. SAGE is working in partnership with the DEP Solid and Hazardous Waste Management Program to develop and implement climate-friendly waste management strategies, and is participating in the development and implementation of the "NEWMOA Climate – Waste Action Plan to Support State Efforts." NEWMOA (Northeast Waste Management Officials' Association) is an interstate association composed of solid waste, hazardous waste, site clean up and pollution prevention programs of member states.
- Seeking Regional & National Solutions. There are numerous regional and national agencies, associations, and working groups working on issues related to clean energy and fuels. Those regional and national groups include:
U.S. Department of Energy - National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Clean Energy States Alliance
Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management
Northeast Regional Biomass Program


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Jellies await your arrival upon entering the Aquarium's main "Under the Bay" exhibit areas. Ambient lighting sets the mood to enjoy these beautifully mesmerizing invertebrates. Front and center is a 725-gallon cylinder tank displaying Moon Jellies, while a wall-mounted, 740-gallon gallon kriesel tank showcases the Pacific Sea Nettles.
Worldwide, there are more than 200 species of jellies. Jellies are made up of 95% water and have no heart, brains, bones or other organs. Their bodies let off pulsations, but movement is primarily controlled by bay and ocean currents. Jelly species are being directly affected by climate change, as their populations and range continue to increase as water temperatures rise. Information on this increase in jelly populations, referred to as jelly blooms, is also shared in this exhibit.
Moon jellies, Aurelia aurita, are found in temperate and tropical waters worldwide, including along the Northern California coast. Moon jellies are a fast-growing and fairly short-lived species, developing from the larvae or planula stage to their adult or medusa phase in approximately 10 months. While jellies in the wild typically only live to one year old, due to predation by animals including turtles and other jellies, they can survive much longer at aquariums where they are protected and closely monitored. Aquarium of the Bay has cultured Moon Jellies in-house since 1998.
Pacific Sea Nettles, Chrysaora fuscescens, are most commonly found along the California and Oregon coasts, and range into the Gulf of Alaska and Mexico. The animals are medusivores, meaning they dine on other jelly species. The animals are equipped with nematocysts or stinging cells, which are located within their tentacles. The animal has no control over what it stings, and does so instantly when touched.
For a sneak peek, enjoy a moment of Jelly Zen


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This entry was posted on Wednesday, June 6th, 2012 at 2:11 pm and is filed under art projects, creativity, family, Kid's Activities. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.
Using apples to make an apple print is a standard art project. Did you know you could get a butterfly design from an apple?
Cut an apple in half, from the top stem to the bottom. This creates the butterfly shape. Pour some paint on a paper plate. Dip the cut side of the apple into the paint and then press on paper. As soon as the paint dries, use markers to add antenna, eyes and a few spots. Different color paints produce multi-colored butterflies.
Adapt this project by using fabric paint and creating butterflies on T-shirts.
Project by Sondra and Silvana Clark