text:
Spinning Scroll Compressor for H2 Recirculation
The lightweight and semi-hermetic P21H050A-BLDC-SH-SS uses spinning scroll technology to recirculate high-temperature hydrogen in SOFCs.
The P21H050A-BLDC-SH-SS is designed to boost 180 ºC, 100% humid hydrogen from 20 bara to 20.5 bara. Used to recirculate high-temperature hydrogen for a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system in a weight-sensitive aerospace application, this innovative spinning scroll compressor provides 375 lpmv of hydrogen to the anode side of the SOFC in a package that weighs less than 10 kg with motor. In addition to a number of safety concerns, several engineering challenges are associated with high-temperature, high-pressure, 100% humid hydrogen as a working fluid. The P21H050A-BLDC-SH-SS is constructed using stainless steel components to mitigate hydrogen embrittlement, corrosion, and thermal expansion. Using a patented magnetic coupling configuration, the motor is separated from the working fluid with static sealing. This allows the unit to be classified as "semi-hermetic," reducing external hydrogen leakage to acceptable and safe levels.
Aggressive weight targets are common in the aerospace industry. Weighing just under 10 kg with motor, the P21H050A-BLDC-SH-SS abandons traditional orbiting scroll technology in favor of spinning scroll technology. Also referred to as "co-rotating" scroll technology, spinning scroll technology rotates synchronous scrolls with offset centers of rotation. While the relative motion is the same as orbiting scroll technology, the synchronous motion allows spinning scroll technology to operate at much higher speeds.
While motor speeds for orbiting scroll designs are typically around 3,000 RPM, spinning scroll designs can operate over 6,000 RPM. This greatly improves performance and efficiency, without increasing the involute geometry. Additionally, several components (e.g., counterweight) are eliminated from the assembly altogether, further reducing weight and size.
As of late 2015, Air Squared has several initiatives to further research and develop spinning scroll technology along with long-term initiatives to qualify life and reliability. While the technology is primarily of interest to the aerospace industry, any application with size and weight constraints can benefit from the novel technology.


C associated with a loop. When
C has never been called, then C returns
and are intended solely for the C, C and
C callbacks described above, but of course can be (ab-)used for
any other purpose as well.
=item ev_verify (loop)
This function only does something when C support has been
through all internal structures and checks them for validity. If anything
error and call C.
data structures consistent.
In the following description, uppercase C in names stands for the
watcher type, e.g. C can mean C for timer
watchers and C for I/O watchers.
to wait for STDIN to become readable, you would create an C watcher
for that:
ev_io_stop (w);
ev_break (loop, EVBREAK_ALL);
struct ev_loop *loop = ev_default_loop (0);
ev_io stdin_watcher;
ev_init (&stdin_watcher, my_cb);
ev_io_set (&stdin_watcher, STDIN_FILENO, EV_READ);
ev_io_start (loop, &stdin_watcher);
ev_run (loop, 0);
watcher structures (and it is I a bad idea to do this on the
Each watcher has an associated watcher structure (called C
or simply C, as typedefs are provided for all watcher structs).
Each watcher structure must be initialised by a call to C, which expects a callback to be provided. This callback is
time the event loop detects that the file descriptor given is readable
and/or writable).
Each watcher type further has its own C<< ev_TYPE_set (watcher *,...) >>
is also a macro to combine initialisation and setting in one call: C<<
ev_TYPE_init (watcher *, callback,...) >>.
with a watcher-specific start function (C<< ev_TYPE_start (loop, watcher
corresponding stop function (C<< ev_TYPE_stop (loop, watcher *) >>.
must not touch the values stored in it except when explicitly documented
otherwise. Most specifically you must never reinitialise it or call its
C macro.
third argument.
The received events usually include a single bit per event type received
=over 4
=item C
=item C
=item C
The C watcher has timed out.
The C watcher has timed out.
=item C
=item C
=item C
=item C
=item C
All C watchers are invoked just I C starts to
gather new events, and all C watchers are queued (not invoked)
just after C has gathered them, but before it queues any callbacks
for any received events. That means C watchers are the last
C watchers will be invoked before any other watchers of the same
or lower priority within an event loop iteration.
C watcher might start an idle watcher to keep C from
=item C
=item C
The event loop is about to be destroyed (see C).
=item C
The given async watcher has been asynchronously notified (see C).
=item C
by libev users to signal watchers (e.g. via C).
=item C
happen because the watcher could not be properly started because libev
problem. Libev considers these application bugs.
bug in your program.
thing, so beware.
=over 4
This macro initialises the generic portion of a watcher. The contents
which rolls both calls into one.
The callback is always of type C.
Example: Initialise an C watcher in two steps.
ev_io w;
ev_init (&w, my_cb);
ev_io_set (&w, STDIN_FILENO, EV_READ);
=item C (ev_TYPE *watcher, [args])
difference to the C macro).
Although some watcher types do not have type-specific arguments
See C, above, for an example.
This convenience macro rolls both C and C macro
a watcher. The same limitations apply, of course.
Example: Initialise and set an C watcher in one step.
ev_io_init (&w, my_cb, STDIN_FILENO, EV_READ);
=item C (loop, ev_TYPE *watcher)
events. If the watcher is already active nothing will happen.
Example: Start the C watcher that is being abused as example in this
whole section.
ev_io_start (EV_DEFAULT_UC, &w);
=item C (loop, ev_TYPE *watcher)
the watcher was active or not).
It is possible that stopped watchers are pending - for example,
calling C ensures that the watcher is neither active nor
therefore a good idea to always call its C function.
=item bool ev_is_active (ev_TYPE *watcher)
it unless documented otherwise.
=item bool ev_is_pending (ev_TYPE *watcher)
C is safe), you must not change its priority, and you must
make sure the watcher is available to libev (e.g. you cannot C
=item callback ev_cb (ev_TYPE *watcher)
Returns the callback currently set on the watcher.
=item ev_set_cb (ev_TYPE *watcher, callback)
(modulo threads).
=item ev_set_priority (ev_TYPE *watcher, int priority)
=item int ev_priority (ev_TYPE *watcher)
before watchers with lower priority, but priority will not keep watchers
If you need to suppress invocation when higher priority events are pending
You I change the priority of a watcher as long as it is active or
or might not have been clamped to the valid range.
See L, below, for a more thorough treatment of
=item ev_invoke (loop, ev_TYPE *watcher, int revents)
Invoke the C with the given C and C. Neither
C nor C need to be valid as long as the watcher callback
=item int ev_clear_pending (loop, ev_TYPE *watcher)
returns its C bitset (as if its callback was invoked). If the
watcher isn't pending it does nothing and returns C<0>.
=item ev_feed_event (loop, ev_TYPE *watcher, int revents)
initialised but not necessarily started event watcher). Obviously you must
not free the watcher as long as it has pending events.
Stopping the watcher, letting libev invoke it, or calling
C will clear the pending event, even if the watcher was
not started in the first place.
See also C and C for related
functions that do not need a watcher.
There are various watcher states mentioned throughout this manual -
=over 4
=item initialised
initialised. This can be done with a call to C, or calls to
C followed by the watcher-specific C function.
C again.
=item started/running/active
Once a watcher has been started with a call to C it becomes
=item pending
is stopped, it can be freely accessed (e.g. by calling C),
previous item still apply.
via C), in which case it becomes pending without being
=item stopped
be pending), or explicitly by calling its C function. The
freeing it is often a good idea.
you wish (but when you trash the memory block, you need to C
it again).
Many event loops support I, which are usually small
integers that influence the ordering of event callback invocation
between watchers in some way, all else being equal.
In libev, watcher priorities can be set using C. See its
description for the more technical details such as the actual priority
There are two common ways how these these priorities are being interpreted
by event loops:
of lower priority watchers, which means as long as higher priority
watchers receive events, lower priority watchers are not being invoked.
callback invocation within a single event loop iteration: Higher priority
before polling for new events.
priority ones.
C watcher to receive data, and an associated C to handle
always, what you want).
will only be executed when no same or higher priority watchers have
you can associate an C watcher to each such watcher, and in
it might be preferable to stop the real watcher before starting the
the actual processing will be delayed for considerable time.
other events are pending:
ev_idle idle; // actual processing watcher
ev_io io;


text:
IZA DP No. 4414: Who Compares to Whom? The Anatomy of Income Comparisons in Europe
published in: Economic Journal, 2010, 120 (544), 573-594
This paper provides unprecedented direct evidence from large-scale survey data on both the intensity (how much?) and direction (to whom?) of income comparisons. Income comparisons are considered to be at least somewhat important by three-quarters of Europeans. They are associated with both lower levels of subjective well-being and a greater demand for income redistribution. The rich compare less and are more happy than average when they do, which latter is consistent with relative income theory. With respect to the direction of comparisons, colleagues are the most frequently-cited reference group. Those who compare to colleagues are happier than those who compare to other benchmarks; comparisons to friends are both less widespread and are associated with the lowest well-being scores. This is consistent with information effects, as colleagues' income arguably contains more information about the individual's own future prospects than do the incomes of other reference groups. Last, there is some evidence that reference groups are endogenous, with individuals tending to compare to those with whom they interact the most often.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Process of Cancer Data Collection
Cancer data collection begins by identifying people with cancer who have been diagnosed or received medical care in hospitals, outpatient clinics, radiology departments, doctors' offices, laboratories, surgical centers, or from other providers who diagnose or treat cancer patients.
By law, these facilities are required to report new cancer cases to a central cancer registry such as a state cancer registry. The cases can be reported to the cancer registry electronically or in traditional paper format following nationally recognized reporting protocols to assure consistency in case reporting from facility to facility.
Cancer registries do not simply wait for cancer information to be handed over from the sources mentioned above. Instead, staff members of cancer registries become actively involved in casefinding activities so that the cancer information they receive is as complete as possible. Cancer registrars often accomplish this by visiting hospitals and clinics to ensure that no cancer data or cases are missed.
To ensure the quality of cancer data, cancer registries may create and adopt their own innovative data collection systems. For example, the New Hampshire Cancer Registry utilizes a two-phase reporting system, which requires that cancer information (primary site, histology, etc.) be reported within 95 days of diagnosis and demographic and staging information be reported within 180 days of the date of diagnosis.
Cancer data collection is a timeand labor-intensive effort, but the great value of its product, cancer statistics, makes all of the hard work worthwhile.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Connect: I will say, "Yesterday we read the part of Mason Dixon memory that had a lot of evidence for our theme, then we upgrade our theme. Today we are going to look at the text again to determine how the author crafted the text to show the theme.
Teach: I will say, "In order to show a deeper understanding of the text, I am going to practice the skill thinking about author's craft and the strategy of using sentence stems. The process I will use is as follows:
1) Re-read the part of the text that I read yesterday
2) Think to myself, "Why did the author craft the text this way"
3) Write long about the author's craft
4) Add if I agree with how the author crafted this theme."
I will show students a "how authors craft theme" chart with sentence stems and give them a Authors Craft Resource Sheet.docx.
Then I will show the students with Song of the Trees how I determine an author's craft moves. I read the part where Papa stands up to Mr. Anderson and say to myself, "Hmm…Mildred Taylor seems to be using a lot of dialogue and then describes the facial expressions of the characters. I am going to jot down, "The author uses a lot of dialogue between Papa and Mr.Anderson which shows the theme of "It takes an act of bravery to stand up to cowardice." For example……(then I will include text evidence).
After I show at least three example of craft (I will have the other two already written). I will show the students how I think through, "Do I agree with how the author crafted this theme?" I will show them an example of my writing.
Active Engagement: I will say, "I want you to re-read the part of Mason-Dixon memory you read yesterday, using the chart, turn and tell your partner what kind of craft moves you see Clifton Davis making. Tell your partner the piece of evidence that makes you think this" I will check for understanding listening to every level of learner (at least 3 students-one who is at standard, one is approaching standard, and one who is above standard).
Closing of Active Engagement: I will say, "Remember, in order to show a deeper understanding of the text, great readers practice the skill thinking about author's craft moves and the strategy of using sentence stems and their resources. They re-read the part of the text which shows their theme, they think to themselves, "Why did the author craft the text this way? Then they write long about the author's craft and add if I agree with how the author crafted this theme."
Independent Practice: I will say, "Now you are going re-read the part of the story you read yesterday, annotate for author's craft and then write long about it using the sentence stems." Students will organize and write quietly while I confer. I will put on the writing music.
Partner Work: Students will be directed share their writing about author's craft. I will say, "Decide who will be partner A and who will be partner B. Partner A you will share your thoughts about how Clifton Davis crafted the theme(s) of Mason Dixon Memory. Partner B, I want you to listen if partner A has a logical argument as to their claim about how Clifton Davis devised this theme through the characters. Give your partner feedback as to if they missed anything. I should hear you say, "I agree because…. OR I disagree because…" Then switch."
Closing: For today students will turn in their "write longs" in order for me to assess their understanding of author's craft.


Reports: Indian Supreme Court strikes down leukemia drug patent
Court ruling on Novartis' Gleevec means continued availability of generic in poor countries
The New York Times reported that the Indian Supreme Court ruled drug companies there could keep making generic versions of Swiss drug maker Novartis' leukemia medication Gleevec (imatinib). According to the Times, generic versions of Gleevec in India cost about $2,500 per year, compared with $70,000 per year for the branded version.
Still, the Times noted, the ruling is part of a larger debate between large drug companies and developing countries. Drug companies say they need to charge high prices to recoup the cost of innovation, while developing countries say they need to ensure access to medications by making cheaper generics easier to get.
The Indian Supreme Court ruled that the patent for Gleevec was invalid because the drug was not a true invention; under Indian law, only medicines discovered after 1995 can be patented, and the court reasoned that because Novartis had developed an earlier version of the drug in 1993, and the version on the market wasn't sufficiently different from that version, other companies could make generic versions.
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text:
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition
- adj. Causing fermentation.
- adj. Capable of causing or undergoing fermentation.
- adj. Relating to or of the nature of fermentation.
Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
- Causing or having power to cause fermentation.
- Of the nature of, consisting in, or produced by fermentation.
- Also fermentive.
- adj. Of, pertaining to, causing or undergoing fermentation
GNU Webster's 1913
- adj. Causing, or having power to cause, fermentation; produced by fermentation; fermenting.
"Flour, when well boiled, though infinitely better than arrowroot, is still only a kind of fermentative paste, that counteracts its own good by after-acidity and flatulence."
"It is much easier to conceive from this doctrine of associated or sympathetic motions of distant parts of the system, how it happens, that the variolous infection can be received but once, as before explained; than by supposing, that a change is effected in the mass of blood by any kind of fermentative process."
"They have a rumen hence, ruminant, the first in a series of multiple stomachs that acts as a fermentative vat."
"Essences can be divided according to these activities: antispasmodic or spasmolytic, stimulatory, hormonal and anti-fermentative."
"Many people have the personal experience of the anti-putrefactive and anti-fermentative uses of certain essential oil-producing plants such as funnel, coriander and anise, which are especially effective remedies against such complaints as gastritis and colitis."
"As for what I am, I'm a non-fermentative Gram negative rod, like my buddy Pseudomonas."
"You can call me a non-fermentative rod, meaning I don't ferment glucose."
"The albuminoids or nitrogenous substances are of the nature of white of egg; and, when in small proportion, are necessary for the due performance of the fermentative process."
"The temperature of the must soon begins to rise, and the fermentative agencies break up its glucose into alcohol and carbonic acid gas."
"Proteolytic, lipolytic and fermentative properties of yeasts isolate from ayib, a traditional Ethiopian cottage cheese."
These user-created lists contain the word 'fermentative'.
A list of words which yield surprising, beautiful, amusing, or otherwise noteworthy images here on Wordnik.
Looking for tweets for fermentative.


text:
TUESDAY, Aug. 14 (HealthDay News) -- Babies and toddlers fed a healthy diet may have slightly higher IQs by the time they are 8 years old than children fed less healthy foods at a young age, according to a new study.
Researchers from the University of Adelaide, in Australia, found an early diet rich in junk foods could cost children up to two IQ points.
"Diet supplies the nutrients needed for the development of brain tissues in the first two years of life, and the aim of this study was to look at what impact diet would have on children's IQs," said the study's leader, Lisa Smithers, a public health researcher at the University of Adelaide, in a university news release.
"While the differences in IQ are not huge, this study provides some of the strongest evidence to date that dietary patterns from six to 24 months have a small but significant effect on IQ at eight years of age," said Smithers. "It is important that we consider the longer-term impact of the foods we feed our children."
For the study, recently published online in the European Journal of Epidemiology, the researchers looked at the dietary habits of more than 7,000 children. The children's diets were assessed when they were 6 months, 15 months and 2 years old. The analysis included the home-cooked foods they ate along with ready-made baby foods, breast-feeding and junk foods.
"We found that children who were breast-fed at 6 months and had a healthy diet regularly including foods such as legumes, cheese, fruit and vegetables at 15 and 24 months, had an IQ up to two points higher by age 8," Smithers noted. "Those children who had a diet regularly involving biscuits, chocolate, sweets, soft drinks and chips in the first two years of life had IQs up to two points lower by age 8.
The researchers pointed out that pre-packed baby foods had some negative impact on the children's IQ when given at 6 months of age, but this ready-made food had some benefits on IQ when given to the children when they were 2 years old.
The study concluded healthy foods are critical for children during their formative years.
However, while the study found an association between healthy eating and higher IQ, it did not show a cause-and-effect relationship. Other factors may have influenced the IQ scores as well.
The U.S. National Institutes of Health provides more information on child nutrition.
Copyright © 2012 HealthDay. All rights reserved.


text:
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Lesson Plan | Standard Lesson
Author: John Paul Walter
This lesson challenges students to craft more apparent meanings for traditional maxims by updating proverbs from around the world and writing proverbs of their own.
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Also found in: Thesaurus, Acronyms, Wikipedia.
Related to Mwera: Meera, AERA
ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend:
Noun1.Mwera - a Bantu language spoken in southern coastal Tanzania
Bantoid language, Bantu - a family of languages widely spoken in the southern half of the African continent
Mentioned in?
References in periodicals archive?
Related to Maconde, we have: Andonde, Makonde, Matamwe, Mawia, Mwera, Mdonde and Vandonde; Related to Angoni, (7) we have: Maviti, Mafite, Mafita, Mapsita, Maxitu, Mangoni, Mankoni, Mandeleule, Magwangwara, Macuanguara, Mazitu, Mashitu and Majita.
Afterwards, my three female shipmates and I sat on the trampoline webs of the foredeck, letting the warm southerly mwera wind blow us dry, like a scene out of an Eighties pop video.
Those that have retired include Justices John Mwera, Anyara Emukule, Festus Azangalala and GBM Kariuki.


text:
Old Canadian Cemeteries: Places of Memory by Jane Irwin, photographed by John de Visser
In her Acknowledgments section, Ms. Irwin notes two reasons why cemeteries are fascinating.
"Cemeteries are set apart from the mundane pressures of our everyday lives, they have an inherent power to provide a brief respite from temporary concerns and a chance to see our own life in a longer perspective."
Her second observation warns that, "Searching out favorite themes…may develop into a kind of addiction," comes too late for this writer, as finding new carvings has turned into a serious hobby, not unlike bird watching.
Luckily, Old Canadian Cemeteries indulges both of these cravings.
Beginning with the chapter, Changing Burial Traditions, one travels from the 7,500 years-old burial cairn in L'Anse Amour in Southern Labrador to the ghost town graveyards in Ancestral Ties to the six Lawson grandchildren at the Old Burying Ground, Halifax to multicultural Ross Bay Cemetery in Exploring Canada's Historic Cemeteries. Eventually, the reader brushes up on Canadian history in National Memory.
Irwin also writes on stone inscriptions, the highlight being the Puzzle Stone in Ontario's Methodist Rushes Cemetery, created in 1865 by Samuel Bean for wives Henrietta and Susanna. It's meant to be read in a circulating, outward pattern.
Ultimately, the best chapter is Old Canadian Cemeteries, A Visual Tour. Here, the photos speak for themselves through various shades of light and weather. They are best reflected in a shot of the Holy Sepulchre cemetery in Ontario, where rows of white, cowled figures silently stand guard over their assigned memorial stones.


Have you noticed how crooked our faces have become? Lopsided smiles and misaligned eyes? I noticed this phenomenon a few years ago and when I set out to understand what might be causing it, I had no idea how shocking the answer would be. In this +2 hour video, I explain the theories I developed as I discovered how crooked faces are the common link between almost all of the modern diseases plaguing humanity: Autism, Alzheimer's, Autoimmune diseases, ALS, Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson's and many more.


text: Perinatal maternal high-fat diet (HFD) increases susceptibility to obesity and fatty liver diseases in adult offspring, which can be attenuated by the potent hypolipidaemic action of fish oil (FO), an n-3 PUFA source, during adult life. Previously, we described that adolescent HFD offspring showed resistance to FO hypolipidaemic effects, although FO promoted hepatic molecular changes suggestive of reduced lipid accumulation. Here, we investigated whether this FO intervention only during the adolescence period could affect offspring metabolism in adulthood. Then, female Wistar rats received isoenergetic, standard (STD: 9 % fat) or high-fat (HFD: 28·6 % fat) diet before mating, and throughout pregnancy and lactation. After weaning, male offspring received the standard diet; and from 25 to 45 d old they received oral administration of soyabean oil or FO. At 150 d old, serum and hepatic metabolic parameters were evaluated. Maternal HFD adult offspring showed increased body weight, visceral adiposity, hyperleptinaemia and decreased hepatic pSTAT3/STAT3 ratio, suggestive of hepatic leptin resistance. FO intake only during the adolescence period reduced visceral adiposity and serum leptin, regardless of maternal diet. Maternal HFD promoted dyslipidaemia and hepatic TAG accumulation, which was correlated with reduced hepatic carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1a content, suggesting lipid oxidation impairment. FO intake did not change serum lipids; however, it restored hepatic TAG content and hepatic markers of lipid oxidation to STD offspring levels. Therefore, we concluded that FO intake exclusively during adolescence programmed STD offspring and reprogrammed HFD offspring male rats to a healthier metabolic phenotype in adult life, reducing visceral adiposity, serum leptin and hepatic TAG content in offspring adulthood.


text:
Global environmental challenges
IBM supercomputer reuses heat to warm buildings
High-tech giants from Microsoft to Google are eager to cut the huge amounts of power used to run their data centers, particularly now that the recession has companies leaving no stone unturned to slash costs and global warming is driving them to think green.
Developed by IBM jointly with the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) — a sort of Swiss version of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology — the new supercomputer's microchips avoid cooling with energy-sucking air conditioning.
Thanks to a network of water-carrying "micro-capillaries" that take water very close to the microchips, the system is cooled at a temperature of 60 degrees Celsius, rather than a "normal coolant" that requires a temperature of about 20 degrees Celsius, or air at around 6 to 12 degrees Celsius, according to IBM researcher Dr. Thomas Brunschwiler.
"Typically you would use air conditioning, which is very intensive, and this is eliminating that by using water to take the heat and transfer it away from the chips," Brunschwiler said.
According to IBM, the computer, dubbed Aquasar, will reduce overall energy consumption by 40 percent and save up to 30 tons of carbon dioxide a year, about the same as driving an average car around the world 10 times.
In addition, the excess heat from the computer will be piped into the building's heating. The 25 kilowatt system will account for just "a small fraction" of the building's overall energy demand, but researchers said future applications are promising.
"In a future system if you run an entire data center in this mode then it will be a large fraction of the energy demand of an entity like this," said Dr. Bruno Michel of IBM Research in Zurich.
It could be a while, however, before that happens. The ETH supercomputer won't start operation until 2010, and the company would not estimate how much it will cost to build except to say that it will be more than a supercomputer with a traditional cooling system. The return on investment, however, is within one year, IBM said, given the system's efficiency.
Photo Credit: IBM (A water-cooled blade used in IBM's Aquasar supercomputer. The two microchannel coolers at the center are attached directly to the processors.)


Fish kills and die offs
Dead fish laying on the beach of a Minnesota lakeAs many as 500 fish die-offs can happen each year in Minnesota, most of them from natural causes. If you see one, report it. Early reports allow timely water samples and other investigative responses to be taken if needed.
Most fish diseases and infection issues found in nature tend to be concentrated in fish of a specific species and size range. In contrast, when a die-off includes fish of vastly different sizes and multiple species, human activity is a more likely cause.
To report a fish kill
Call the state duty officer at 651‐649‐5451 or 800‐422‐0798 to report fish die-offs. The duty officer provides a single point of contact for the incident and is available 24 hours a day seven days a week. Try to describe the fish types and sizes affected by the kill.
Spring & summer
Groupings of dead fish usually are the result of a common bacterial infection referred to as columnaris. Columnaris tends to affect fish as water temperatures warm and fish are stressed from the energy they spent on spawning. Columnaris infections can kill sunfish, crappies and bullheads, and occasionally, largemouth bass and northern pike.
Ice out
The retreat of lake and stream ice can sometimes leaves behind dead fish, commonly referred to as winterkill.
When snow and ice cover a lake, they limit the sunlight reaching aquatic plants. The plants cut back on the amount of oxygen they produce. If vegetation dies from lack of sunlight, the plants start to decompose, which uses oxygen dissolved in the water. If oxygen depletion becomes severe enough, fish die.
Winterkill potential is worse in winters with abundant or early snowfall. Lower autumn water levels increase the probability and severity of winterkill. Early ice-on and late ice-out dates also increase the winterkill potential. Wetlands and shallow, soft-bottom lakes are more winterkill-prone than deeper, hard-bottomed lakes.
Other causes
Human causes of fish kills can include water discharged at high temperatures; toxic chemicals discharged or spilled; pesticides and fertilizers; manure runoff; and low oxygen levels in a lake resulting from storm water that runs off urban or rural landscapes. Multiple causes often contribute to fish deaths.
General questions about fish kills? Call the closest area fisheries office.


text: I'm not sure how to explain this properly, but here's the issue that I'm having, and hoping someone knows how I could fix it: In CS4, I could go to the art board settings (I believe it's Shift+O), and set the x and y coordinates to something easy to remember (such as 0, 0), and this would become the center of the art board. Then if I was working with a square, or any other object, and needed to center it on the board, I would simply click the object, load up the Transform window (Shift+F8), and then enter the x/y coordinates 0,0, and press tab. This would center the object on the art board. With CS6, this isn't the case. For some reason the art board's center is independent from the object's center. For example, if I load up a regular page, its center is 4.25/5.5. If I change it to 0,0, and try to manually center the object to that, then the object will not be centered when it's at 0,0. Instead, it will still think that the center is the original 4.25/5.5. Anyone know how to get CS6's art board to behave the same way as in CS4?


HandsOn Gloves Size Guide
HandsOn Gloves Grooming Tool Horses Dogs Cats Pets
Why Do Dogs Roll In Feces?
Rolling in dog, cat, cow, horse, coyote, and other animal feces is very common for dogs. There are several theories on this, and here is the one that seems most plausible. The primal, ancient instinct of dogs is to mask their scent for hunting. This would enable the dog to sneak up on his prey Read More


text:
How to surprise a copepod: Strike kinematics reduce hydrodynamic disturbance and increase stealth of suction-feeding fish
Limnol. Oceanogr., 54(6), 2009, 2201-2212 | DOI: 10.4319/lo.2009.54.6.2201
ABSTRACT: To capture prey with suction, fish must get sufficiently close to their prey to allow the suction flow to overwhelm the prey and draw it into the mouth. Both swimming towards the prey and suction flow create a hydrodynamic disturbance, which can elicit an escape response by the prey. Using particle image velocimetry, we measured flow speeds and derived fluid deformation rates at the location of the prey as bluegill sunfish fed. In front of the mouth, flows had a composite time-dependent nature. First, the bow wave pushed water away from the fish, but when the mouth opened and suction commenced, flow reversed and water deformation rates increased rapidly. Our inferences indicate that, at the prey, the approaching bluegill is detected primarily based on its suction-induced disturbance, rather than its bow wave-induced disturbance. A comparison of suction-induced disturbance with the signal produced by active suspension feeders indicated that fish are able to produce a more subtle disturbance than expected based on their flow speeds and mouth size alone. Jaw protrusion and the rapid opening of the mouth during the strike both help to minimize the signal available to the prey. We propose that the temporally quick strikes and high jaw protrusion that are seen in many zooplanktivorous teleosts represent adaptations that minimize the time available to prey for executing an escape response.


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|SS3.18 Habitat Coupling in Lakes|
|Date: Thursday, June 13, 2002|
|Location: Poster Session - VCC|
|Martin, C,, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada, _EMAIL_|
|Frenette, J, J, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada, Jean-Jacques_Frenette|
|BIO-OPTICAL IMPACT OF MACROPHYTES IN A LARGE FLUVIAL LAKE.|
|Large fluvial lakes are understudied with respect to their underwater light environment. These unique aquatic systems are challenging for photobiologists interested in the interactions between light climate, nutrients and microbial communities.
Recent studies on Lac St-Pierre, the largest fluvial lake along the St-Lawrence River, have shown significant bio-optical and chemical transversal differences between its distinct water masses. These are due to their watershed sources and the presence of extensive macrophyte beds within the lake, which increase the habitat complexity.
This study documents the small-scale (5km) spatial variability associated with the passage of water, originating from a near tributary, through a macrophyte bed. Significant changes in the optical and chemical environment have been observed along the upstream-downstream gradient. Due to their effect on hydrodynamics and residence time, macrophytes are responsible for a decrease in both particulate matter and DOM resulting in an increasing penetration depth of UVR and PAR. Three scenarios could explain the observed decrease in the CDOM/DOC ratio: a)photodegradation processes of CDOM due to the increased residence time, b)bacterial degradation of CDOM or c)increased utilization of CDOM.|


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My first project during my bachelor in Digital Design at Aarhus University.
We were given a task
Design a phone that can not use Apple's patents.
Find alternatives to:
- Swipe to answer or reject a phone call
- Rectangular shape with rounded corners
You should be able to:
- Answer and reject a phone up
- Lock and unlock screen
- Zoom in on an image and / or text
- And the phone must of course be practical ift pockets, bags, hands etc.
- You must choose at least two of the above four points in your answer.
The assignment must include:
- Examine how people operate their smartphone (it has to do with its interface)
- Examine how people take their smartphone with them (it has to do with its shape)
- Explore what problems people have had with the operation. It may have to do with the interface, with the shape or with a certain environment / conditions (rain, wind, cold, heat, bags in both hands on the bike etc)
Project made ogether with
Asger Bruun Hansen


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Text analysis enables Elasticsearch to perform full-text search, where the search returns all relevant results rather than just exact matches.
If you search for
Quick fox jumps, you probably want the document that
A quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog, and you might also want
documents that contain related words like
fast fox or
Analysis makes full-text search possible through tokenization: breaking a text down into smaller chunks, called tokens. In most cases, these tokens are individual words.
If you index the phrase
the quick brown fox jumps as a single string and the
user searches for
quick fox, it isn't considered a match. However, if you
tokenize the phrase and index each word separately, the terms in the query
string can be looked up individually. This means they can be matched by searches
fox brown, or other variations.
Tokenization enables matching on individual terms, but each token is still matched literally. This means:
A search for
Quickwould not match
quick, even though you likely want either term to match the other
foxesshare the same root word, a search for
foxeswould not match
foxor vice versa.
A search for
jumpswould not match
leaps. While they don't share a root word, they are synonyms and have a similar meaning.
To solve these problems, text analysis can normalize these tokens into a standard format. This allows you to match tokens that are not exactly the same as the search terms, but similar enough to still be relevant. For example:
Quickcan be lowercased:
foxescan be stemmed, or reduced to its root word:
leapare synonyms and can be indexed as a single word:
To ensure search terms match these words as intended, you can apply the same
tokenization and normalization rules to the query string. For example, a search
Foxes leap can be normalized to a search for
Customize text analysisedit
Text analysis is performed by an analyzer, a set of rules that govern the entire process.
Elasticsearch includes a default analyzer, called the standard analyzer, which works well for most use cases right out of the box.
If you want to tailor your search experience, you can choose a different built-in analyzer or even configure a custom one. A custom analyzer gives you control over each step of the analysis process, including:
- Changes to the text before tokenization
- How text is converted to tokens
- Normalization changes made to tokens before indexing or search


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was originally made from a horse head for
the body, horse skin for the resonator, and horse hair for the strings
and bow. The music played upon this instrument is of great variety
and virtuosity. Much of the music typically sounds like human voice,
and can imitate a horse to such an extent as real such as galloping
horse, the whinnying, etc. The modern Morin Khur has a wooden body
and soundboard, 2 horse hair strings, and has a rich warm tone and
very beautiful sound. The peghead is decorated with a detailed carving
of a horse's head.
Yang-Qin or Chinese dulcimer
is a Chinese hammered dulcimer with a near-squared soundboard. The
instrument is very similar to Santur, played with two bamboo sticks.
In Chinese, most of the stringed instruments are called "qin"()
with few exceptions that are named differently, for instance,
erhu is often called Huqin ).


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The Power of Signage in Commercial Real Estate
Commercial real estate relies on signage in a variety of ways. Signs point potential investors and business owners toward an available commercial listing. They indicate which real estate agents or developers to contact to check out the property. They also provide specs showing potential buyers what the property has to offer. Utilizing eye-catching signage in real estate sets your property apart from others, making it a quicker sell.
Let's break down how to use signage in commercial real estate. We'll discuss how a sign affects curb appeal, the types of real estate signs that are used, and tips for creating effective real estate signage.
The Importance of Signage Placement
Commercial real estate is all about "location, location, location". Effective signage can help create a strong first impression of the property, showcase its unique features, and communicate important details such as availability and pricing. Additionally, it can be used within a property to help direct visitors, label spaces and showcase tenants and occupants.
Well-designed and strategically placed signs can help capture the attention of passersby and draw them to the property, increasing the chances of generating leads and ultimately closing a deal. Signage can also help establish the property's brand and identity, making it easier for potential tenants or buyers to remember and recognize it in the future. You may display signage in the following locations to attract attention:
- Lobby or common space
- Parking garages
- Rooftop or exterior walls
- Windows facing busy streets
Types of Real Estate Signs
There are many different types of commercial real estate signage. Below are some of the most common types:
- Building Identification Signs: These signs are used to identify the name of the building and its tenants. They can be located at the entrance of the building or mounted on the building exterior.
- Window Graphics: Window graphics are used to display logos, messages, or promotions on the windows of a business. They can be applied to the interior or exterior of the window and come in a variety of materials, such as vinyl, perforated film, or static cling.
- Banners: Banners are temporary signs that can be used to promote events, sales, or other time-sensitive messages. They are typically made from vinyl or mesh material and can be hung on buildings or freestanding frames.
- Directional Signs: These signs are used to direct customers to a specific location within a property, such as a parking lot or entrance.
- Project Signs: Project signs are temporary signs that are used to promote a development or construction project. They often include renderings or artist impressions of the finished project and can be placed on the project site or nearby.
To be most effective, signs should always be posted in easy to spot locations and should be designed in such a way that they're readable from the street and sidewalks. Prominent placement is important, as is use of contrasting colors and legible fonts.
Tips for Designing Effective Real Estate Signs
Below are a few tips for designing effective real estate signs.
- Size and Placement: Consider where the sign will be placed when choosing the size of the sign. The farther away from the street or sidewalk the sign will be placed, the larger it will need to be in order to get noticed.
- Color Selection: Contrasting colors are easier to see in a variety of lighting conditions. Be sure to use contrasting colors that look good together – avoid using colors that clash.
- Text and Font Choices: Sans serif fonts are often easier to read than serif fonts. The more straightforward the font, the better. Avoid use of fonts with curly letters or fanciful shapes.
- Imagery and Graphics: Imagery and graphics can help attract attention to a sign. Use images carefully and stick to use of simple graphics to avoid cluttering the sign
The Benefits of Using Professional Printing and Signage Services
Although commercial real estate signage may sound easy to design, many struggle to create signs that are easy to read and useful to the audience that would be paying attention to them. The best way to ensure that your sign is as effective as possible is to work with a professional printing and signage service to get your sign designed, printed, and installed.
Bishop Image Group has done it all, from commercial real estate signage and high rise signage plastered across a building to storefront signage intended to drive customers through your front door. Contact us today to request a free quote on your real estate signage. We're here to help!


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Today at Bloomberg I saw interesting interview with Marissa Mayer, the Yahoo!'s CEO. She talked about what Yahoo! was, what it is now, and what it will be. Basically it is the same thing. The only difference between now and then is the context, and main driver of changes. Yahoo! used to be a directory, but now the Internet got too big and it needs search. How you ask a web search engine might be very specific to you. It used to be like that for several years, but now the search is becoming more context aware. It becomes aware of you. What you do, what you like, where you are, and how you have interacted with a search engine is important. In the future it will also be important for content providers such as Yahoo!
She stated an idea, that users should be able to transfer their search history, or in general their interactions history, to another search engine/service provider. This would become something like moving the telephone number between mobile networks. Her idea is that company should be transparent to be able to manage users' sensitive information – I think it is what Google tries to do with allowing their users to see their account activity and publishing yearly transparency report.
Let us give her few more years, and see what Yahoo! will become.


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The lead coffin archaeologists found in the abandoned ancient city of Gabii, Italy could contain a gladiator or bishop.
Credit: University of Michigan
Archaeologists found a 1,000-pound lead coffin while digging in the ruins of an ancient city near Rome last summer. The mission now is to determine who or what is buried inside.
The project – which is headed by Nicola Terrenato, a professor of classical studies at the University of Michigan – is the largest American-led dig in Italy in the past 50 years.
"We're very excited about this find," Terrenato said. "Romans as a rule were not buried in coffins to begin with and when they did use coffins, they were mostly wooden. There are only a handful of other examples from Italy of lead coffins from this age – the second, third or fourth century A.D. We know of virtually no others in this region."
This coffin is of particular interest to Terrenato and his team of archaeologists due to its size.
"It's a sheet of lead folded onto itself an inch thick," Terrenato said. "A thousand pounds of metal is an enormous amount of wealth in this era. To waste so much of it in a burial is pretty unusual."
The coffin is set to be transported to the American Academy in Rome, where engineers will closely examine the bones and any symbols or gifts left in the coffin in order to determine who is buried inside.
Lead coffins tend to keep human remains well-preserved. In fact, an ancient Greek mummy of a middle-aged woman was discovered in a lead coffin and reported a couple years ago.
For the new finding, the researchers want to avoid breaking into the coffin, which could damage the contents. Instead, the team plans to use less invasive techniques, such as thermography and endoscopy (essentially tiny cameras) to examine the sarcophagus.
The process of thermography involves heating the coffin slowly and recording the thermal responses of the various contents. Bones would have different thermal responses than other artifacts that could be inside, Terrenato said. The researchers would then turn to endoscopy, which involves inserting tiny cameras inside the coffin. Still, the effectiveness of endoscopy is contingent on how much dirt has built up inside the coffin over the centuries.
If these techniques fail, researchers could perform an MRI scan on the container, but this option is expensive and would involve transporting the half-ton coffin to a hospital.
The dig that unearthed this mysterious casket began in the summer of 2009 and will continue through 2013. Approximately 75 researchers from across the U.S., including a dozen undergraduate students from the University of Michigan, spend two months working on the project on location in the ruins of the ancient city of Gabii (pronounced "gabby").
Weird Ways We Deal With the Dead
Seven Ancient Wonders of the World
- Top 10 Ancient Capitals


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One Heart, Two Rivers, Four Directions walking tour
The Forks National Historic Site
Join us for One Heart, Two Rivers, Four Directions, a nine-stop tour exploring Indigenous connections to The Forks. We'll delve into topics ranging from astronomy to technology, demonstrating how these innovations were historically used and why they are still relevant today. You'll have the chance to play like people did years ago, testing your reflexes against a friend as part of a traditional game. You will also learn why it's vital to protect water and why we all must understand and honour the treaties.
- Date modified :


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The as-if world of play brings body-centered knowledge into the expressive writing class.
Kaplan, Ellen W.
"The Subversive Element of Play: Using Play, Dream and the B ody in the Classroom,"
The Journal of the Assembly for Expanded Perspectives on Learning: Vol. 1
, Article 6.
Available at: _URL_
Creative Writing Commons, Curriculum and Instruction Commons, Curriculum and Social Inquiry Commons, Disability and Equity in Education Commons, Educational Methods Commons, Educational Psychology Commons, English Language and Literature Commons, Instructional Media Design Commons, Liberal Studies Commons, Other Education Commons, Special Education and Teaching Commons, Teacher Education and Professional Development Commons


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We have the answer for Amazon's smart voice-enabled speaker crossword clue if it has been stumping you! Solving crossword puzzles can be a fun and engaging way to exercise your mind and vocabulary skills. Remember that solving crossword puzzles takes practice, so don't get discouraged if you don't finish a puzzle right away. Keep practicing and you'll get better with time–but we're always here with answers if you need a helping hand!
Now, let's get into the answer for Amazon's smart voice-enabled speaker crossword clue most recently seen in the Daily Pop Crossword.
Amazon's smart voice-enabled speaker Crossword Clue Answer is…
Today's Daily Pop Crossword Answers
- Lose-lose, as a situation (Hyph.) Crossword Clue
- Term added to Merriam-Webster in 2023 that refers to the practice of reducing a product's size while continuing to offer it at the same price Crossword Clue
- "Difficult Women" writer Roxane Crossword Clue
- Initials on oral care products Crossword Clue
- Second Gentleman of the United States Emhoff Crossword Clue
- Steven Spielberg film starring Robin Williams as a grown-up Peter Pan Crossword Clue
- Cranberry-growing area Crossword Clue
- Ten-cent coins Crossword Clue
- Term added to Merriam-Webster in 2023 that refers to a product that suddenly becomes popular because of a viral social media campaign (2 wds.) Crossword Clue
- Small and impish Crossword Clue
Clue & Answer Definitions
- SPEAKER (noun)
- electro-acoustic transducer that converts electrical signals into sounds loud enough to be heard at a distance
- someone who expresses in language; someone who talks (especially someone who delivers a public speech or someone especially garrulous)
- ECHO (verb)
- ring or echo with sound
- call to mind
- ECHO (noun)
- the repetition of a sound resulting from reflection of the sound waves
- a close parallel of a feeling, idea, style, etc.
Historical Usage in Crossword Puzzles
About the Daily Pop Crossword
Daily POP Crosswords is a popular daily crossword puzzle that can be accessed online and through mobile apps. It is known for its themes related to pop culture and entertainment, and its format that is easy to solve, making it accessible to crossword enthusiasts of all ages and skill levels.
The puzzle was first introduced in 2017 and is created by a team of experienced crossword constructors known for their creativity and skill in the field of crossword puzzles.
Daily POP Crosswords puts an emphasis on pop culture and entertainment-related themes. The puzzles often include clues and answers related to movies, TV shows, music, celebrities, and more.
That should be all the information you need to solve for the Amazon's smart voice-enabled speaker crossword clue answer to help you fill in more of the grid you're working on! Be sure to check more Crossword Clues, Crossword Answers, and our other Word Game coverage.


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Common Economic Welfare: An Alternative Economic Model?
The common economic welfare (CEW) is intended as an alternative economic model for the current liberal market. Der Service Gärtner, a sister company of Energiepflanzen.com would like to give you an insight into the topic:
What is the background? How did Der Service Gärtner arrive at the idea? Our experiences, and what it has brought it to us so far.
Background, or The First Insight into the Common Economic Welfare
It represents an alternative economic model and is based on the values promoting common welfare. It supports changes that go towards sustainability, fairness, and democracy. Its goal is to provide a good life for all living creatures and for the Earth
The common economic welfare (CEW) does not only apply to enterprises or schools. Communities, clubs, and individuals can also contribute very much to the public welfare. For example, there is a common welfare self-test for each one of us. Basically, you assess what contribution you can make to the common welfare.
You make impacts or work economically, politically, and socially:
Economy: The model applies to everyone, no matter whether you are a company, a municipality, or a school. Size or legal form do not matter, either.
In politics, legal changes are discussed for such an economic system. Politics should eventually help establish the standards of human dignity, fairness, solidarity, justice, involvement, and sustainability.
In social sphere, the contribution should be made to creating awareness. The movement is looking for networking with similar initiatives. Appreciation and encouragement are also important points.
How can the values of the common economic welfare be experienced in our everyday life?
Here, common welfare matrix can help. It contains criteria to analyze objects using a scoring system.
As a company, you generate a common welfare balance or a first report. You perform the assessment yourself, and then the balance or report are checked externally. Then you may/should publish them to meet the transparency requirements. For individuals, the self-test is a bit easier: This is an Excel sheet with answers to the questions regarding their personal attitude to the common welfare. Here, you also deal with the same scoring system. In the end, you can see your "We Awareness" based on that score, which stimulates thinking with some certainty!
The long-term goal is to get legal benefits granted for the common welfare company, such as better credit conditions, lower tax burdens, preferential public contracts, and facilitated (international) trading. Moreover, in an ideal case, the profits made should not be distributed to external persons; they should remain in the company and strengthen the same. The drive for economy growth should disappear, creativity and cooperation are forced by enterprises more actively, the life will become more satisfied, and trading fairer. The practice will show whether it is really the case.
This form of economic order ensures democratic decision making, and everyone is encouraged to contribute their ideas to.Over time, the common welfare economy must be captured in the Constitution.
Why an alternative economy?
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), environment protection, employee recognition, respect for everyone – employees, customers, colleagues, or suppliers. All this has been an integral part of the Service Gärtners since it was founded. As climate-alliance company, we set the initial course followed by the first natural-gas car, and a larger conversion of vehicle fleet in 2013. Moreover, the paper used in the office is environmentally friendly, and the company knows its CO2 emissions. The public welfare economy was just the next logical step to make business more transparent.
What were the experiences of the Service Gärtner?
Since you must deal with your company intensively, it is a priori clear that generating the balance sheet or report would be time-consuming. Regional group meetings and a manual with many tips, explanations of the questions, and positive examples serve as an aid, which has already excellently worked in practice.
Scores should be given for individual criteria, which is not so easy, because how can you estimate your own company?
The whole thing is the process of learning by doing!
So euphoric as landscape gardeners may be now, we, at Service Gärtner, wanted to start with the balance sheet immediately. We downloaded all materials, and the work began. We participated in the Energy Group meeting, which was a great support. However, the meetings were very time consuming, and that did not always fit in the gardeners' everyday work. So we developed much by ourselves and got good results. However, much turned out to be too immature; there were no answers at all to some questions or proofs for some matters – the phase of disenchantment set in, and we had not worked on that for almost one year. In a year, the first report (the simple version) was generated, checked externally, and published on our website. Now you can get a good overview of what the Service Gärtner does and how it can improve. Meanwhile, the manual was read, and balance sheet 2014 was prepared using it – next spring, our sister company can publish its first "large" balance sheet!
The authors of the common welfare balance sheet came up with those ideas, too:
CEW does not fit for all companies, perhaps. Among negative criteria, there are some points that are greatly demanded of by one or more enterprises. Nuclear power can be mentioned as an example: It falls under inhumane products and is evaluated negatively. There are 200 minus points here. Therefore, the company must largely invest into safety or equality, or any other positive criteria to get a good value.
There are also critical opinionsregarding CEW, of course: The Julius Raab Foundation, for example, has spoken out on the topic.
for many times: Once in "Anschlag auf unseren Wohlstand?" and furthermore, also a critical examination by Dr. René Schmidpeter. They show the negative sides of the economic model or the idea that some approaches should be reconsidered – expropriation and individuals' freedom restriction should also be mentioned. Developing this further, you come to dictatorship – if it is not to come = the way to this form of economy will apply worldwide, so it is still far away.
What will generating the common economic balance sheet bring?
First of all, showing what the company does. Internally, we talk pretty much about it, but actually the most remains in operation. However, it would be much more interesting to share visions with others, exchange ideas, and make our own activities transparent.
Of course, such balance sheet also detects where improvements can take place. The matrix standards are relatively high, but you get to your destination step by step. Currently, it is not the intention to be already perfect in everything – yearly improvements make more sense.


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'Smart glasses' that give teachers detailed real-time information on how each student is learning can help pupils do better in class and help ensure lower achievers don't get left behind, according to a ground-breaking experiment by US academics.
The research, published at the London Festival of Learning, is the first experimental study to show measurable benefits of a complementary mix of human and machine intelligence to support classroom learning in real-time.
Researchers from Carnegie Mellon University's Human-Computer Interaction Institute in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, equipped teachers with the futuristic viewing aids to enable them to instantly see how each student in their class was progressing while working with a computerised mathematics tutor.
The 'mixed reality' transparent glasses, called Lumilo, allowed teachers to check up on individual pupils' and whole class performance during lessons using the lenses as a private data display, while simultaneously keeping an eye on the classroom as normal to pick up on students' body language for signs of confusion or frustration.
By programming in class seating plans, teachers could see a personalised display pop up on their glasses above each student's head, with the option to make a tap gesture in mid-air to see a detailed 'deep dive' set of individual data. They were alerted by the glasses when pupils were struggling with particular skills (and especially when they appeared to be truly 'stuck'), when they seemed to be avoiding asking for help despite prolonged struggle, when they were attempting to abuse the programme's design or 'game the system' or had simply stopped working for over two minutes. Teachers were then able to provide one-to-one support as needed.
The approach combined the benefits of sophisticated computerised learning technology (known as intelligent tutoring systems, ITSs), which provides students with step-by-step guidance and allow them to work at their own pace, with complementary targeted support from human teachers. While research has shown that ITSs are highly effective for learning overall, this approach enabled teachers to step in where artificial intelligence (AI) was less effective, for example in providing social and emotional support, supporting student motivation, or coming up with fresh ways to explain a concept.
By alerting teachers in real-time to situations the ITS may be ill-suited to handle on its own, Lumilo facilitates a form of mutual support or co-orchestration between the human teacher and the AI tutor. This research illustrates the promise of artificial intelligence systems that integrate human and machine intelligence to support student learning.
Said Ken Holstein, lead author on the study together with Bruce M. McLaren and Vincent Aleven.
The research focused on 286 middle school students aged 10 to 13 and eight experienced teachers in 18 classrooms drawn from four public schools in separate school districts in a large US city and its surrounding areas. The pupils were using Lynnette, an intelligent tutoring system for linear equations which has been shown in studies to significantly improve users' equation-solving ability, and the teachers helped design the Lumilo display.
As well as assessing the results when teacher and AI tutor worked together using the smart glasses, the experiment also examined an ITS classroom in which teachers had no glasses and no access to real-time analytics, together with a third variant in which teachers wore smart glasses but only had access to basic monitoring support (allowing the teacher to see what was on individual students' screens from anywhere in the classroom, without any additional analytics).
Tests taken by pupils before and after the lessons revealed they learned more from working with the intelligent tutoring system when teachers were using Lumilo, with the best results when teachers had access to the most detailed analytics and not simply monitoring support alone.
Whereas prior research has shown that classroom use of AI tutors typically widens the gap between the most and least prepared pupils (often dubbed the 'rich get richer' effect), the researchers concluded that 'the real-time analytics provided by Lumilo appear to have served as an equalising force in the classroom: driving teachers' time towards students of lower prior ability and narrowing the gap in learning outcomes between students with higher and lower prior domain knowledge, at no cost to the latter group'.
Even where teachers had only basic data available through the glasses, students were less likely to try to abuse or 'game' the maths programme, suggesting that even the knowledge that a teacher is monitoring their activity has a motivational effect, the study found.
The researchers now hope to build on the work, examining the longer-term effects of real-time teacher analytics, investigating how such systems may best be designed for teachers with varying levels of experience, and further exploring how such 'teacher-in-the-loop' AI tools might serve to benefit otherwise underserved groups of students.
Student Learning Benefits of a Mixed-reality Teacher Awareness Tool in AI-enhanced Classrooms, by Kenneth Holstein, Bruce M. McLaren and Vincent Aleven (Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh), was presented at the International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education as part of the 2018 London Festival of Learning.


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|Easton's Bible Dictionary|
Baalah of the well, (Joshua 19:8, probably the same as Baal, mentioned in 1 Chronicles 4:33, a city of Simeon.
Int. Standard Bible Encyclopedia
ba'-a-lath-be'-er ba'alath be'er "lady (mistress) of the well"; (Joshua 19:8 (in 1 Chronicles 4:33, Baal)): In Jos this place is designated "Ramah of the South," i.e. of the Negeb, while in 1 Samuel 30:27 it is described as Ramoth of the Negeb. It must have been a prominent hill (ramah = "height") in the far south of the Negeb and near a well be'er. The site is unknown though Conder suggests that the shrine Kubbet el Baul may retain the old name.
Baalath-beer (2 Occurrences)
Joshua 19:8 and all the villages that were round about these cities to Baalath-beer, Ramah of the South. This is the inheritance of the tribe of the children of Simeon according to their families. (ASV BBE DBY JPS WBS YLT NAS)
1 Chronicles 4:33 And all the small places round these towns, as far as Baalath-beer, the high place of the South. These were their living-places, and they have lists of their generations. (BBE)


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Citizenship and Civic Engagement
Citizenship and Civic Engagement
Since its inception, 4-H has placed an emphasis on the importance of young people being engaged, well-informed citizens. By connecting to their communities and leaders, youth understand their role in civic affairs and are able to expand their role in decision –making processes. It's clear that Citizenship and Civic Engagement provides the foundation that helps youth understand the big picture of life and learn the skill sets that will allow them to become wise leaders for the 21st century.
Research shows that meaningful involvement in community service and developmental work experiences increases job readiness, builds life skills and other developmental assets, decreases alienation and other risk behaviors, and has long-term positive outcomes for both youth and their communities. Yet, low-income, high-need, minority youth have few opportunities for meaningful, career building, summer employment. These at-risk youth often lack positive role models, connections for employment and access to the youth development programs and opportunities that help to build the skills employers require of entry-level works. For some youth, legal, cultural, social and emotional challenges further deter their successful entry into employment and positive community life.
Youth Community Action in New York State
The Community Improvement Through Youth (CITY) Project promotes civic engagement, workforce preparation and asset development among youth. The Project provides the opportunities and support youth need in order to meet the challenges of growing up. Working with caring adults, CITY Teen Leaders identify local problems/issues by using various types of community mapping (GIS/GPS, photography, videography) and then create lasting, sustainable changes in their communities. Youth ages 13-18 may participate. Participants meet after school for training on team building, civic engagement, public speaking and other topics in preparation for leading their own community improvement projects. One example is the CITY Project in Binghamton. Participants identified a local not-for-profit in need of additional storage space. They also realized the need for local, trained construction workers. Under the guidance of the Homebuilders Association, youth learned about the construction trades, safety, planning and how to read blueprints. At the same time, they interacted with building trades professionals and community leaders, while experiencing the satisfaction of creating structures with their labor. At the end of the program, they donated a storage shed and benches to local not-for-profits.
Promoting local agriculture in a whole new way
4-Hers developed a community mapping project which expanded their communities local food guide. Youth visited farms, collected positional data and met with farmers to learn more about farm operations and products. They generated a series of maps, by data set, illustrating the locations of the farms. Maps were used to create an internet-based companion guide to the local Food Guide as an interactive website to connect people with the farms. The project helped farmers maximize profits, while consumers accessed the freshest, healthiest food possible at a reasonable price. Youth learned about Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technologies, improved decision making in their community and helped strengthen local economic, social and environmental well being. Working with local elected leaders, youth are assisting their community planning efforts by mapping fire hydrant locations throughout their county.


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Synagogue in Speyer
Historical Museum of the Palatinate in Speyer
The medieval synagogue in Speyer, which exists only as a ruin, was reconstructed on the computer for the exhibition "Europe's Jews in the Middle Ages" in the Historical Museum of the Palatinate. A simulation film illustrates the history of the building with its various Romanesque and Gothic construction phases. Fadings between the computer model and archaeological findings make it clear to the observer what remains from the Middle Ages and what is derived from the reconstruction. The exhibition was shown in Speyer from November 19, 2004 to March 20, 2005. Thereafter, it could be seen in the Pei building of the German Historical Museum in Berlin.


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Supplies you will need:
-3.5mm male microphone jack (same plug as a stereo headphone jack)
-some shielded cable (3 total contacts - typically 2 jacketed conductors plus the shield). You can use standard headphone cable. At least 6 feet is a good idea so the cable can easily make it from the engine bay to the passenger compartment.
-a 3 pin bosch/amp style female connector.
-about 2 feet of standard single conductor wire, 18-20 gauge.
-a ring terminal
to use the tool you will need:
-a laptop pc with a microphone in jack
-a car with a standard 3 pin knock sensor
-(optional) 'race' style headphones with built in speakers and a stereo jack
The wiring should be done as follows. Use a multimeter to figure out which wire corresponds to the section on the mic plug:
-tip of the mic plug goes to pin 1 of the 3 pin connector
-middle band of the mic plug goes to pin 2 of the 3 pin connector
-base of the mic plug should go to two places: pin 3 of the 3 pin connector and a cable that terminates with a ring terminal that should be secured to an engine bay ground, typically the valve cover or intake manifold.
the cable should look something like this:
example of the headphones I use:
You can record the audio from the knock sensor by using something like windows sound recorder with all the wiring hooked up. The result should sound like this sample.
Cables are available for purchase from our store here


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Glass paintings in India date back to the 16th century when glass was used as a popular medium for art in the courts of the Maharajas. The glass paintings were primarily either mythological in nature or were used for storytelling. Even today, glass paintings, in both classic and contemporary styles, adorn modern homes graciously.
Broadly, there are three types of glass paintings that one can see today – clear glass painting, reverse glass painting and stained glass painting, though variations are aplenty. Clear glass, as the name suggests is done on transparent glass with special glass colours. Etching and pouring paint on it is also a popular method of painting on clear glass. Reverse glass painting is painting on the back of the glass, which is viewed from the front. Reverse glass painting adds depth and dimension to the art piece.
One of the more recent and amazing art forms is the stained glass painting. Stained glass painting is glass painted with metallic oxides and fused on the surface by using moderate heat. It is a painstaking process of putting pieces of coloured glass together, wrapping them in copper foil and finally soldering them.
Clear or stained, glass paintings placed strategically have a unique way of transforming your home into a warm and colourful space, besides creating a visual expanse. Since the medium itself has a certain lucidity of form, which allows natural light to pass through, glass paintings can make even a dark or dull space appear larger and brighter.
One can have huge clear or reverse glass paintings mounted on wooden or metal frames in the living room, to match the furniture and upholstery. One can even fix an unmounted glass painting to the wall through metal screws.
Ethnic or modern themes can be selected depending upon the theme of the living room. For instance, if you have contemporary wood and steel furniture with straight lines in your living room, you can opt for geometric designs or abstracts. If the furniture has curved lines, you can select human forms or flowers for your glass painting.


In general, an employer can decrease your rate of hourly pay if you are an at-will employee. However, in many states, the employer is required to first give you notice of the pay decrease. Once you are notified, the employer can pay you at the lower rate. In some states, this notice must be in writing.
Your employer cannot typically reduce your hourly wage for time you have already worked.
Under no circumstances can your employer reduce your wages so that they are below either the state or federal minimum wage.
If My Wages Have Been Reduced Unlawfully, What Can I Do?
The legal action available to you depends on what state you are in. In some states, a state agency is in charge of overseeing employment issues, and a dispute over reduced wages should be brought to their attention. In other states, there is no state agency in charge of reductions in pay, so a private action against your employer is the only way to recover lost wages.
In either scenario, you should contact an attorney familiar with employment law issues. An employment attorney can help you determine whether to file a claim with a state agency or to bring a private lawsuit, and can help you to argue your case.


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Sugar plantations in Hawaii
Sugarcane was introduced to Hawaii by its first inhabitants and was observed by Captain Hegwood upon arrival in the islands in 1841 Sugar quickly turned into a big business and generated rapid population growth in the islands with 337,000 people immigrating over the span of a century. The sugar grown and processed in Hawaii was shipped primarily to the United States and, in smaller quantities, globally.
Industrial sugar production started slowly in Hawaii. The first sugar mill was created on the island of Lanaʻi in 1802 by an unidentified Chinese man who returned to China in 1803. The first sugarcane plantation, known as the Old Sugar Mill of Koloa, was established in 1835 by Ladd & Co. and in 1836 the first 8,000 pounds (3,600 kg) of sugar and molasses was shipped to the United States.
By the 1840s, sugarcane plantations gained a foothold in Hawaiian agriculture. Steamships provided rapid and reliable transportation to the islands, and demand increased during the California Gold Rush. The land division law of 1848 (known as The Great Mahele) displaced Hawaiian people from their land, forming the basis for the sugarcane plantation economy. In 1850, the law was amended to allow foreign residents to buy and lease land. In 1850, when California became a state, profits declined and the number of plantations decreased to five due to the import tariff that was created. Market demand increased even further during the onset of the American Civil War which prevented Southern sugar from being shipped northward. The price of sugar rose 525% from 4 cents per pound in 1861 to 25 cents in 1864. The Reciprocity Treaty of 1875 allowed Hawaii to sell sugar to the United States without paying duties or taxes, greatly increasing plantation profits. This treaty also guaranteed that all of the resources including land, water, human labor power, capital, and technology would be thrown behind sugarcane cultivation. The 1890 McKinley Tariff Act, an effort by the United States government to decrease the competitive pricing of Hawaiian sugar, paid 2 cents per pound to mainland producers. After significant lobbying efforts, this act was repealed in 1894. By 1890, 75% of all privately held land was owned by foreign businessmen. The plantation owners wanted the United States to annex Hawaii so that Hawaiian sugar would never again be subject to tariffs. They also wanted the United States to annex Hawaii so there could be a U.S military base on the island (Pearl Harbor).
Sugar and the Big Five
|Hawaii's Big Five|
The industry was tightly controlled by descendants of missionary families and other Caucasian businessmen, concentrated in corporations known in Hawaii as "The Big Five". These included Castle & Cooke, Alexander & Baldwin, C. Brewer & Co., H. Hackfeld & Co. (later named American Factors (now Amfac) and Theo H. Davies & Co., which together eventually gained control over other aspects of the Hawaiian economy including banking, warehousing, shipping, and importing. This control of commodity distribution kept Hawaiians burdened under high prices and toiling under a diminished quality of life. These businessmen had perfected the double-edged sword of a wage-earning labor force dependent upon plantation goods and services. Close ties as missionaries to the Hawaiian monarchy along with capital investments, cheap land, cheap labor, and increased global trade, allowed them to prosper. Alexander & Baldwin acquired additional sugar lands and also operated a sailing fleet between Hawai'i and the mainland; the shipping concern became American-Hawaiian Line, and later Matson. Later the sons and grandsons of the early missionaries played central roles in the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii in 1893, creating a short-lived republic. In 1898, the Republic of Hawaii was annexed by the United States and became the Territory of Hawaii, aided by the lobbying of the sugar interests.
When Hawaiian plantations began to produce on a large scale, it became obvious that a labor force needed to be imported. The Hawaiian population was 1/6 its pre-1778 size due to ravaging disease brought by foreigners. Additionally, Hawaiian people saw little use for working on the plantations when they could easily subsist by farming and fishing. Plantation owners quickly began importing workers which dramatically changed Hawaii's demographics and is an extreme example of globalization.
In 1850, the first imported worker arrived from China. Between 1852–1887, almost 50,000 Chinese arrived to work in Hawaii, while 38% of them returned to China. Although help was needed to work the fields, new problems, like feeding, housing, and caring for new employees, were created for many of the planters since the Chinese immigrants did not live off the land like Native Hawaiians, who required little support. To maintain a workforce unable to organize effectively against them, plantation managers diversified the ethnicities of their workforce, and in 1868 the first Japanese arrived to work on the plantations. Between 1885–1924, 200,000 Japanese people arrived with 55% returning to Japan. Between 1903–1910, 7,300 Koreans arrived and only 16% returned to Korea. In 1906 Filipino people first arrived. Between 1909 and 1930, 112,800 Filipinos came to Hawaii with 36% returning to the Philippines.
Plantation owners worked hard to keep in place a hierarchical caste system that prevented worker organization and divided the camps based on ethnic identity. An interesting outcome of this multi-cultural workforce and globalization of plantation workers was the emergence of a common language. Known as Hawaiian Pidgin, this hybrid primarily of Hawaiian, English, Japanese, Chinese, and Portuguese allowed plantation workers to communicate effectively with one another and promoted a transfer of knowledge and traditions among the groups. A comparison of 1959–2005 racial categories shows the ongoing shifts.
A unique operation was the Kohala Sugar Company, known as "The Missionary Plantation" since it was founded by Reverend Elias Bond in 1862 to support his church and schools. He protested the slave-like conditions, and the profits made him one of the largest benefactors to other missions. It operated for 110 years.
Sugar plantations dramatically impacted the environment around them. In an 1821 account, prior to the entrenchment of sugarcane plantations in Aiea, the area is described as belonging to many different people and being filled with taro and banana plantations along with a fish pond. This subsistence farming would not last long.
Plantations were strategically located throughout the Hawaiian Islands for reasons including: fertile soil area, level topography, sufficient water for irrigation, and a mild climate with little annual variation. These plantations transformed the land primarily to suit water needs: construction of tunnels to divert water from the mountains to the plantations, reservoir construction, and well digging.
Water was always a serious concern for plantation managers and owners. In the early 20th century, it took one ton of water to produce one pound of refined sugar. This inefficient use of water and the relative lack of fresh water in the island environment were fiercely compounding environmental degradation. Sugar processing places significant demands on resources including irrigation, coal, iron, wood, steam, and railroads for transportation.
Early mills were extremely inefficient, producing molasses in four hours using an entire cord of wood to do so. This level of wood use caused dramatic deforestation. At times, ecosystems were entirely destroyed unnecessarily. One plantation drained a riparian area of 600 acres (2.4 km2) to produce cane. Ironically, after draining the land and forever altering the biodiversity levels, they discovered it was an ancient forest, so they harvested the trees for timber, only then to find that the land was completely unsuitable for sugarcane production.
Sugar plantations were not only environmentally destructive in the past, they continue to be so. Major environmental concerns associated with sugarcane plantations include air and water pollution along with the proper disposal of the resulting waste. Modern calculations place the amount of water needed to produce one ton of cane at 3-10 cubic meters.
Decline of plantations in Hawaii
Sugar plantations suffered from many of the same afflictions that manufacturing market segments in the United States continue to feel. Labor costs increased significantly when Hawaii became a state and workers were no longer effectively indentured servants. The hierarchical caste system plantation managers had worked hard to maintain began to break down, with greater racial integrations as a result, ironically, of the sugarcane plantations. Workers began to discover they had rights, and in 1920 waged the first multi-cultural strike. Additionally global politics played a large role in the downfall of Hawaiian sugar. Shifting political alliances between 1902 and 1930 permitted Cuba to have a larger share of the United States sugar market, holding 45% of the domestic quota while Hawaii, the Philippines, and Puerto Rico shared 25%.
The Big Five slowed the production of sugar as cheaper labor was found in India, South America and the Caribbean and concentrated their efforts on the imposition of a tourism-based society. Former plantation land was used by the conglomerates to build hotels and develop this tourist-based economy which has dominated the past fifty years of Hawaiian economics.
Sugar mills by island
- Maui: Spreckelsville
Planters and Managers
- Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association
- John Mott-Smith (_PHONE_)
- Claus Spreckels (_PHONE_) - whilst based mostly in California
- George P. Trousseau (_PHONE_)
- Rufus A. Lyman (1842-


Take the 2-minute tour ×
E.g. you have a file with 3 lines that are millions of characters long. What's the fastest/most efficient way to read the first N characters of line 2?
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Do you know how long line 1 is? – Ilya Kogan Apr 5 '11 at 6:53
"Millions of characters" (= dozens of megabytes) is not a lot by today's standard. When programming, concentrate on the algorithm and do not perform optimizations until the program works already and you have profiled the parts that actually need optimization. – Giovanni Funchal Apr 5 '11 at 11:19
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5 Answers
Either you have some insight into where the line breaks might be...
 - lines are equally long so divide the file size by three and seek to that address
 - only one line's long but you're not sure which, so read a chunk from the start and end of the file and work out which line it is
...or you're completely in the dark and have to just scan your way along until you find the first newline:
 - use memory mapped I/O for fastest-possible scanning speed, AND
 - tell the operating system (if it lets you) that you're doing a sequential read so it doesn't flood its cache with the file data you're scanning past and won't need again (e.g. on Linux, use madvise() - _URL_ )
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+1 for the cache hinting suggestion with madvise(). – Anders Abel Apr 5 '11 at 8:49
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There is no good way to do it. The line ending is just another character combination that you will have to scan the file for. Some performance tuning can be done on how the file is read e.g. using memory mapping.
If the file isn't changing between reads, creating a separate index file containing the positions of the line breaks will save the scanning time the next time. If you have control over the file writing you can of course create an index (in a separate file, or in a header) when you write the file.
Joel has written a blog post on the subject.
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Use ifstream::ignore().
_TAG_
_TAG_
_TAG_
using namespace std;
int main(int, char* []) {
 ifstream file("file.txt");
 // skip first line
 // print next N characters
 const int N = 15;
 char s[N];
 file.get(s, N);
 cout << s << "\n";
 return 0;
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Right after reading all the characters of line 1?
Joking aside... how about matching your read size to the block size of the filesystem. You've still got to seek past that first line, but that's going to be the most efficient way to do it
If you knew the actual length of the first line, you could just seek past it without reading the data.
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I think seek and then read char by char is good, if you know lower bound of your lines, seek to that bound then start to read upto the next line (for line 2 of 3 line file).
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Your Answer


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The 34,658 ha site, between the foothills of the Tequila Volcano and the deep valley of the Rio Grande River, is part of an expansive landscape of blue agave, shaped by the culture of the plant used since the 16th century to produce tequila spirit and for at least 2,000 years to make fermented drinks and cloth. Within the landscape are working distilleries reflecting the growth in the international consumption of tequila in the 19th and 20th centuries. Today, the agave culture is seen as part of national identity. The area encloses a living, working landscape of blue agave fields and the urban settlements of Tequila, Arenal, and Amatitan with large distilleries where the agave 'pineapple' is fermented and distilled. The property is also a testimony to the Teuchitlan cultures which shaped the Tequila area from AD 200-900, notably through the creation of terraces for agriculture, housing, temples, ceremonial mounds and ball courts.
© UNESCO/Carlo Tomas
The domestication of wild agave seems to have begun around 3,500 years ago. The wild plant may have originated in the Rio Grande canyon. The agave plant is ideally suited to the poor soil and rough terrain of the Tequila area.
Agave was extensively cultivated by the Teuchitlans and served to provide many basis necessities: its fibres were used for fabric, rope and paper, the flower stem provided wood for construction, the fleshy leaves were used as roof tiles and fuel, the spines for needles and arrow heads, the sap produced a type of honey and its juices were used for medicinal balm and fermented to produce an alcoholic drink. The leaders of the complex, stratified, Teuchitlan society created wealth from their apparent monopoly of the agave resources.
To transform the starches in the plant to sugar, for eating and fermenting into alcohol, the pineapples need cooking. There is archaeological evidence from nearby Lake Sayula (outside the nominated area) that the practice of cooking agave pineapples in open, conical ovens, made of volcanic stone, existed around 400 BC. These ovens were preheated with wood and the pineapples covered with branches and clay.
The Spanish priest, Friar Francisco Ximenez, wrote in 1615 how juice from the cooked plant was fermented to make wine flavoured with orange and melon rinds.
In the 16th century the area was conquered by the Spanish who established the town of Santiago de Tequila. The Caxcanes who were living in the areas gradually assimilated with the Spanish. In order to mitigate shortages of spirits from Europe, the Spanish experimented with local beverages and begun to distil the agave fermented juice to make vino de mezcal. At the same time rum was being developed in the Antilles and so the necessary equipment for the new agave spirit was introduced from the rum making areas.
The taxes levied on the new spirit produced a significant income for the Spanish government of Guadalajara. It funded a water supply and the government palace of Jalisco in Guadalajara.
At the end of the 17th century the first formal distilleries were established and the first intensive agave plantations created. During the course of the 18th century industrial facilities begun to be established within haciendas, and gradually agave cultivation spread out across the plain.
As the liquor became better known in the 18th century, so demand increased. Its growth was greatly helped by the creation in 1758 of the commercial route known as the Camino Real connecting Tequila to the port of San Blas on the Pacific Ocean, to Guadalajara and to Mexico City. The wine was transported by mule teams and donkeys along the new road and became the first export product from the region. The significant increase in production and consumption of this drink contributed to the development of a clear regional identity.
Overuse of the spirit became at times a cause for concern amongst the civil and religious authorities, and there were periodic, but ultimately unsuccessful, attempts to ban the drink, in spite of the loss of revenue, but these merely resulted in clandestine activity developing in remote areas. In 1795, after almost three centuries of Spanish colonial rule, a regional producer, José Maria Guadalupe Cuervo received the first licence permitting the legal establishment of a mescal distillery.
In the mid 19th century, with the growth of the export trade, large distilleries were established in the towns, separating the production of liquor from the growth of the raw materials. This led to the decline of some rural distilleries and their haciendas begun to concentrate instead on producing raw materials for the urban distilleries, resulting in a rapid increase in land under agave cultivation.
The second half of the 19th century saw consolidation amongst the urban distilleries and the introduction of more efficient machinery, such as enclosed steam heated ovens and mechanical mills.
The Mexican Revolution in the third decade of the 20th century led to a temporary decline of the tequila production process as land attached to haciendas was reallocated to workers on a communal basis or became private property.
Today measures have been put in place, such as the renting of land, and the advance purchasing of the agave plants, to try and ensure continuity in production to meet the continuing high demands. Source: Advisory Body Evaluation


Teacher Licensure
(62 semester hours)
1. A bachelor of arts or science degree in physics.
2. A minimum of 16 credit hours in non-physics courses which must include at least three credits in chemistry, at least three credits in biology, and at least three credits in earth science.
Students who seek endorsement in more than one area of science need to complete an additional 18 credit hours in the second field which must include any specific requirements in that field.


text:
Detailed Drawing & Advanced Assembly
Course Duration: 40 Hours
[accordion autoclose=false openfirst=true clicktoclose=true]
[accordion-item title="Overview +" state=open]Participants in this Creo Simulate week-long class will create detailed drawings with modern drawing standards. Participants have the option to customize this course to fit their specific job requirements so they are able to learn exactly what they need. Call today and ask us how this class can be administered on weekends, for more than two students.[/accordion-item]
[accordion-item title="Projects +" state=closed]The instructor has a multitude of parts and drawings for class room participation.[/accordion-item]
[accordion-item title="Prerequisite +" state=closed]Learn Creo Level 1 is recommended but not necessary.[/accordion-item]
[accordion-item title="Topics +" state=closed]
- Customize environment/map key development.
- Use cross sections in assembly drawings to aid in part design.
- Configuration and setup.
- View Manipulation, Projections, Detail View, and Auxiliary View creations.
- Dimensioning, Ordinate ANSI standards.
- Parameters and how they work in a detail drawing.
- Manage drawings that contain family tables.
- Manage ANSI standards in Pro/E drawing mode.
- Manage exploded views in Pro/E drawing mode.
- Repeat Regions – automatically populate bill of material in assembly drawings.
- Learn to use drawings as a design tool for controlling snap fit and accuracy.
- Learn to manage inches and millimeters on detail drawings.
- Learn to use the draft entities tools inside drawing mode.
- Print, Import, and Export.
- Utilize advanced assembly functions such as skeleton parts & top-down design.
- Learn to use mechanism in a serious introduction.
[accordion-item title="Discussion +" state=closed]
- Discuss the use of geometric tolerance in Creo Simulate drawing mode.
- Discuss the use of parameters on detail drawings.
- Discuss cross sections and their many forms with respect to detailing.
- Discuss adding and modifying Creo Simulate detail notes and related workflow issues related to standard and custom notes on drawings.
- Projections, Detail View and Auxiliary View creations.
- Discuss standard drafting principals and relate those to Creo Simulate Drawing Mode.
- Discuss sheet metal drawings with examples on how to handle flat patterns in drawings.
- Discuss how administrators set up Creo Simulate drawing formats for the automatically populating data on company standard.
- Discuss output and strengths and weakness of exporting to PDF, DXF, or postscript for printing. (also discuss in detail printing to PDF with shaded view ports).
- Discuss symbols in Pro/Engineer and their use with respect to workflow.
- Discuss Ordinate Dimensioning.
- Discuss setup files (.dtl files) with respect to workflow by switching between multiple.dtl files.
- Discuss the difference between fully dimensioned detail drawing from minimal control drawing with respect to six sigma.
- Discuss the new ANSI adopted standard for 3D notes or annotations.
- Discuss managing drawing layers when parts contain curves and surfaces.
Click To View Images:
"Pro Engineer Training", "Pro E Training", "Creo Training", "proe training", "Advanced Assembly Creo training"