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the position of the electron as its momentum changes. This uncertainty was consistent with Heisenbergís uncertainty principle and the only way to predict with certainty where an individual electron would land would be to have a slit of zero width (e.g. no slit at all) or an infinite number of diffraction rings which is no diffraction at all. (Horner,1987,119-121).
††††††††††† Einstein also attempted to disprove quantum theory at the sixth Solvay Conference in 1930 with the ďClock in the Box ExperimentĒ. This involved a box with a hole in one wall covered by a shutter which could be opened and closed by a clock mechanism inside the box. The box also contained radiation which would add to the weight of the box. The box would be weighed and then at a given moment the clock would open the shutter allowing a single photon of radiation to escape. The box could then be re-weighed, the difference between the two weights telling us the amount of energy that escaped using the formula e=mc2. Under the uncertainty principle it is not possible to obtain an exact measurement of the energy of the released photon and the time at which it was released. Einsteinís experiment was designed to show such exact measurements were possible, the clock measuring the time of release of the energy and the weighing of the box disclosing the amount of energy involved. A diagram showing Einsteinís idea is below.
††††††††††† Bohrís reply involved looking at the practicalities involved in making the required measurements. The box had to be weighed so it had to be suspended by a spring in a gravitational field. To weigh the box it is necessary to compare a pointer attached to the box against a scale. After the photon had left the box weights can be added to the box to restore the pointer to the same position against the scale as it had been before the photon escaped. The weight added to the box gives the weight of the escaped photon. However this involves a measurement of the box to ensure the pointer is back at its original position. This measurement is subject to the uncertainty principle concerning the position and momentum of the box which brings uncertainty into the measurement of the weight of the box. If there is uncertainty in the weight of the box, then there will be an uncertainty in the energy of the released photon. There will also be uncertainty in the time of the released energy as the speed of time depends upon the position of a clock in a gravitational field. This position is uncertain then the time of the release of the photon will also be uncertain. This means both the time and the amount of energy released will be uncertain so Einsteinís thought experiment did not contradict the uncertainty principle. (Greenstein & Zajonc, 1997,89-92).
††††††††††† Einsteinís thought experiments had previously tried to show quantum theory was wrong, but in 1935 he presented a paper arguing quantum theory was incomplete. In this paper Einstein and two colleagues proposed a thought experiment which involved two co-related particles emitted from a source and moving away from the source in opposite directions at the speed of light. Measuring the position of particle1 can give an exact idea of its position, while measuring the exact momentum of particle 2 allows us to know the exact momentum of particle1 due to the co-relation of the two particles. Einstein also argued that the measurement of particle1 could not disturb particle 2 due to the impossibility of faster than light signaling. This means we can know the exact position and momentum of particle 1 contrary to the uncertainty principle.
††††††††††† Bohrís reply was that if you make a measurement of particle 1 then this involves the complete measuring system so that it is not possible to claim a relevant and precise† measurement of the conjugate property of particle 2. Bohr considered both particles existed within the same frame of reference so that a measurement of particle 1 will disturb particle 2 as it disturbs the whole frame of reference. If they are not considered to be in the same frame of reference, then the measurements would be considered to be successive experiments which does not establish simultaneous measurements of motion and position.
††††††††††† Subsequent developments on the EPR experiment involved a theorem invented by John Bell and experiments carried out by Alain Aspect and others have tended to support Bohrís position. They are usually interpreted as requiring the abandonment of either the idea of locality or the idea that quantum systems have their properties independently of the act of measurement.
††††††††††† Einsteinís attacks upon the Copenhagen Interpretation are widely regarded as having failed to show the theory is either wrong or incomplete. His criticisms of the theory and especially the eventual results of the practical application of the EPR idea have greatly strengthened the theory, so that it became the orthodox interpretation of the quantum world. The debate between Einstein and Bohr was conducted with the two talking past each other, Einstein arguing how the quantum world ought to be, while Bohr argued how the quantum world can be known to us. Bohr accepted that there were some fundamental limits on our knowledge of the quantum world, (such as the quantum of action) which as a matter of principle we are unable to overcome. Einstein never accepted those limits, but was never able to show to get around them. That does not mean that Einsteinís view that the quantum world is like the macro-world is wrong, but it does mean that we are unable to know in principle any more about the quantum world than Bohr and the Copenhagen Interpretation suggest.
Greenstein, G & Zajonc, A (1997) The Quantum Challenge Jones & Bartlett Publishers: Sudbury Massachusetts
Horner, J (1987) The Description of Nature, Clarendon Press: Oxford
Hooker, C A (1972) The Nature of Quantum Mechanical Reality: Einstein v Bohr in Paradigms and Paradoxes (ed) Colodny, R University of Pittsburgh Press


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|Uploaded:||August 2, 2012|
|Updated:||August 2, 2012|
Elephant seals take their name from the large proboscis of the adult male (bull) which resembles an elephant's trunk. The bull's proboscis is used in producing extraordinarily loud roaring noises, especially during the mating season. More importantly, the nose acts as a sort of rebreather, filled with cavities designed to reabsorb moisture from the animals' exhalations. This is important during the mating season when the seals do not leave the beach to feed, so must conserve body moisture as they have no incoming source of water. The two species, the northern elephant seal and the southern elephant seal, both were hunted to the brink of extinction by the end of the 19th century, but numbers have since recovered. (Wikipedia Notes) I hope you learn something from this tut and please enjoy! A fav, love it or comment would be fantastic! Luv n hugs to you all and thank you!!!

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Naturalists Struggle to Save Iran Cheetahs
TEHRAN, Iran Only 60 cheetahs are believed to remain in Iran, their numbers bludgeoned by hunting, road-building, and drought, say environmentalists who are battling to save them from extinction.
The sleek, swift, black-spotted big cats live mainly in the central deserts, hunting down gazelle and wild goats with bursts of up to 68 miles per hour.
Akbar Hamedanian, managing director of the U.N.-backed Conservation of the Asiatic Cheetah Project, says numbers began to fall in the 17th century through royal hunting menageries.
"Courts in the time of Shah Abbas would not only have falconers but also a cheetah-keeper," he explained.
He added that the first hunting rifles arrived at about the same time, stoking up the Persian passion for big game hunting that wiped out the Iranian lion and tiger.
The cheetah's historic range included most of Africa, the Middle East, and much of western Asia, including India.
It now roams a fraction of its former African territory, where the cheetah population is between 12,000 and 15,000.
The Asiatic cheetah is now unique to Iran.
Hunting these endangered sprinters is illegal in Iran, but scientists are unsure whether the practice persists. Anecdotal evidence exists from three years ago, but officials insist hunting has been stamped out.
Hunters mainly threaten the cheetah by killing its prey, and the project lobbies for stricter gun licence control.
The group successfully persuaded one desert province to stop issuing shooting licences. But Hamedanian said any further restrictions hinged on whether the government was willing to take action.
He added nomadic livestock herders roaring round the desert on motorbikes also posed a huge risk.
"Most herders have motorbikes, and sometimes they chase down the gazelle," he said. "But the main problem is the roads, giving access to hunters."
Behzad Rahgoshai, the project's deputy manager, said a few cheetahs had been run over on the roads. Another had toppled into an open mineshaft.
Base for Recovery
Martin Tyson, a British scientist working as the project's chief technical adviser, said counting work with camouflaged cameras and other systems was not yet finished but had already given a rough outline of the population.
"Sixty is probably a reasonable figure," he said.
When asked whether biologically that was enough of a base for numbers to recover, he replied, "Absolutely."
But there are also natural challenges to any revival, such as central Iran's seasonal droughts.
"Cheetahs are by nature very picky," said Rahgoshai. "They are not leopards or or other big cats. The females must like the male."
Once persuaded she does like the male, a healthy cheetah litter should comprise four cubs, the environmentalists said. In the wild, one or two should reach maturity.
President Mohammad Khatami has thrown his weight behind attempts to save the cheetah, exhorting Iranians to look upon it as a source of national pride.
Project members are collating data which they hope will ultimately feed into a national action plan and believe their education projects will make some headway.
Slow progress hit a dispiriting setback last year, when a farmer found some cubs and burned them alive, saying he thought they were wolf cubs. He was imprisoned.


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Discrimination and harassment
The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences does not tolerate any form of discrimination or harassment.
The vice-chancellor is ultimately responsible for making sure that the university complies with the Discrimination Act. All managers and supervisors are obligated to make sure that any cases of harassment are investigated and acted upon. It is the responsibility of all staff to maintain a working environment free of any form of discrimination.
If you are the subject of discrimination or harassment, or if you believe someone else is:
- Contact your immediate superior.
- Describe what has happened, and take notes of when, where and how.
- Ask your employer to launch an investigation.
- The investigation should establish what has happened and what actions are needed.
- Accept all offers of support.
- Ask you union or health and safety representative for help.
If you have been the subject of victimisation or harassment, you can contact your immediate superior, the HR specialists, the Legal Affairs Unit or the occupational health services. You can also contact your union or health and safety representative. If you are a doctoral student, you can contact the doctoral student ombudsman.
Read the SLU guidelines on discrimination.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Correspondence, speeches and writings, diaries, notes, memoranda, photographs, and memorabilia, relating to miscellaneous
aspects of Anglo-Soviet relations during the Russian Revolution, British espionage in the Soviet Union during the Russian
Revolution, miscellaneous aspects of British government activities during World War II (including Anglo-Czechoslovak relations),
and personal affairs. Includes many letters by Baroness Moura Budberg, some letters by British espionage agent Sidney Reilly,
and some material about him collected by Lockhart's son, Robin Bruce Lockhart.


Somethings only come by prayer and fasting
Somethings only come by prayer and fasting
What comes only by prayer and fasting?
What's more, if you look at the same story recounted in Mark's gospel chapter 9, verse 29 confirms what Jesus said: "This kind can come out by nothing but prayer and fasting." This time the NIV does include the verse, but drops the words "and fasting ". I think the enemy will do anything to keep Christians from fasting!
Can only be driven out by prayer and fasting?
Howbeit this kind goeth not out but by prayer and fasting."—Matthew 17:19-21. And he said unto them, This kind can come forth by nothing, but by prayer and fasting."—Mark 9:28, 29.
What Jesus said about fasting and praying?
What are the spiritual benefits of fasting and praying?
Spiritual fasting is to deny your body it's physical needs (usually food) so that moves your focus from the physical to the spiritual (faith). It helps you to grow closer to God and is often a regular part of prayer life. All throughout history, there were seasons of feast and famine.
Why is there no Matthew 17 21?
Matthew 17 : 21 closely resembles Mark 9:29, but it is lacking in the orignal handwritten version of Matthew, and in some Italic & Syriac & Coptic & Ethipic manuscripts. The verses are believed to have been assimilated from Mark's gospel by early Greek copyists.
You might be interested: Is prayer allowed in schools
What is fasting and prayer?
What does Matthew say about fasting?
Verily I say unto you, They have their reward. The World English Bible translates the passage as: "Moreover when you fast, don't be like the hypocrites, with sad faces. For they disfigure their faces, that they may be seen by men to be.
When you pray pray in private?
When you pray do you believe you receive?
What is the spiritual purpose of fasting?
The practice of spiritual fasting builds focus and awareness. As such, the spiritual benefits of healthy fasting include a stronger sense of your connection with the universe. Spiritual fasting makes you less self-centered. It is a way to free yourself from the confines of what you want or think you need.
You might be interested: Prayer for family safety
What is the power of fasting?
Through prayer and fasting, we develop a passion for God that supercedes everything else. When this happens, spiritual power and energy begins to flow into us, allowing us to live above our circumstances and low self expectations.
How does fasting bring you closer to God?
Fasting, reading the word of God, and praying will give us strength and help us grow closer to God. Some of the many benefits of fasting are that it: Enables you to concentrate more on the spiritual world when you consciously give up worldly pleasures. Leads to a greater intimacy with God by denying our carnal nature.
Does fasting and prayer really work?
Fasting with prayer must be Spirit-led to be effective. If God has not called you to it, then do not do it. Just because someone else is fasting doesn't mean that you need to fast. A chosen fast means that God has appointed it and it is set apart for Him.
What are the social benefits of fasting?
Ramadan develops spiritual, social and moral values. During this time the poor are given attention and charity, and faith led neighbourhoods practice hospitality. Fasting aims to establish equality between the rich and poor, as the rich experience hunger and learn to show respect and appreciate the less fortunate..
What are the benefits of fasting?
Health Benefits of Fasting Boost cognitive performance. Protect from obesity and associated chronic diseases. Reduce inflammation. Improve overall fitness. Support weight loss. Decrease the risk of metabolic diseases.
Michelle Raymond
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If we believe a food is going to be delicious before we taste it, we're more likely to enjoy it.
By Brian Wansink, Ph.D.
msnbc.com contributor
updated 11/16/2007 8:48:34 AM ET 2007-11-16T13:48:34
Worried about your family's diet over the holidays? Don't fret. You can trick them into eating more healthfully.
Because reaction to food resides as much in our heads as in our mouths, if we believe a food is going to be delicious, we're more likely to enjoy eating it. That's why simply making the name of a food more descriptive or tantalizing can lead us to believe it is tastier.
Knowing how to tease people's taste buds into liking the food you make can be a big deal if you're trying to steer your family away from the holiday cheese ball and toward leaner fare. Imagine getting your family to eat more veggies just because you call them "snappy seasonal carrots."
There's been some controversy recently over whether parents should deceive their vegetable-hating children by hiding the veggies in foods, but this taste trick is different. You're not pretending the broccoli isn't broccoli. You're conditioning them to like it with a fun word-association game.
This name game is called "confirmation bias," meaning if you say something is juicy, people almost unconsciously turn up their "juicy sensors" when they taste the food. Once these taste sensors are activated, people become pre-programmed to think a dish tastes good.
Same food, different name
It's a strategy that can work with vegetables, main dishes and low-fat desserts.
In research conducted through my Cornell Food and Brand Lab, we offered six different foods to cafeteria diners on different days for six weeks. For example, one day we'd offer simple red beans and rice. Two weeks later, it would reappear on the menu as "Traditional Cajun Red Beans with Rice." One week you could buy the "Succulent Italian Seafood Filet" for $2.90; the next week the generic-sounding seafood filet was available at the same price.
They were the exact same items — the only difference was the addition of one or two descriptive words.
When diners were finished eating they were given a short survey asking them to rate the food. Foods with the fancy descriptive names were rated as more appealing and tastier than the identical foods with the less-enticing labels. The people eating the descriptive foods tended to think the dishes were "fantastic" or "great menu items."
Consider two pieces of day-old chocolate cake. If one is named "chocolate cake," and the other is named "Belgian Black Forest Double Chocolate Cake," people will buy the second. What is especially interesting is that after trying it, people will rate the Belgian cake as tasting better than an identical piece of plain old cake.
Video: Are you a mindless eater? When you positively describe the taste and smell of the food — calling it "tender grilled chicken," for example — or use a nostalgic name that triggers happy associations, such as "grandma's chicken soup," people are more likely to respond favorably to it. In the cafeteria research, simply adding words like traditional, homemade or calling a low-fat dessert "velvety" prompted people to choose it over the same dishes with boring names.
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So while serving your holiday dinner, don't just plop the green beans on the table. Take a cue from successful high-end restaurant menus and describe them as "succulent, spring-picked green beans." The image enhancement should encourage your family and dinner guests to eat more of them.
And don't worry about a backlash to the veggie hype. Research shows that if the food is reasonably good, it nearly always benefits from an appealing name.
Picking the power peas
It can even work with young children whose vocabularies don't include the word "succulent." Instead, use the child's frame of reference to create a positive mental association.
As part of interviews with hundreds of 3-to-5-year-olds, we found a group of preschoolers who devoured broccoli because they were pretending to be dinosaurs eating a "dinosaur tree." With a different group of children, we let them choose what they wanted from a buffet lunch, but changed the name of the foods each day. When regular peas were renamed "power peas," the number of children who ate them doubled. When we renamed a tomato-based vegetable juice "Rainforest Smoothie," we ran out of it.
Rather than begging or nagging your children to eat their vegetables, come up with some words that make them seem cool or special. Choose phrases or expressions from their favorite bedtime story or TV program. If they're a bit older, telling a story about the recipe might make it seem more enticing.
Using the power of suggestion can be a simple way to get your family to eat better not only during the holidays, but anytime — all you have to do is boost your food vocabulary.
Brian Wansink, Ph.D., author of "Mindless Eating — Why We Eat More Than We Think," is director of the Cornell Food and Brand Lab.
© 2013 msnbc.com. Reprints
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Round-robin scheduling
In round-robin scheduling, a thread selected to run continues executing until it:
As the following diagram shows, Thread A ran until it consumed its timeslice; the next READY thread (Thread B) now runs:
Figure 1. Round-robin scheduling.
A timeslice is the unit of time assigned to every process. Once it consumes its timeslice, a thread is preempted and the next READY thread at the same priority level is given control. A timeslice is 4 × the clock period. (For more information, see the entry for ClockPeriod() in the QNX Neutrino C Library Reference.)
Note: Apart from time slicing, round-robin scheduling is identical to FIFO scheduling.


Given that one of its key uses is in photography, you'd expect some kind of LiDAR controls in the Camera app, or at least something in Settings. But there's neither.
There's also little incentive to go looking for such controls because until you've seen it in action, it's hard to grasp just what LiDAR can do for you. The technology scans your environment, building up a 3D image of it, and that's going to change how well AR and VR works.
If you've previously given up on using Apple's Measure app, try it again. The app is now aided by LiDAR and that's improved it noticeably.
That's the theory and in practice, you find that Measure is just more useful than it used to be. Rather than an app you used for rough measurements when you didn't have a tape measure, it's now good enough, and quick enough, to use anywhere.
Next, while it's harder to see, LiDAR has also made your Camera's autofocus work faster. Again, it's because LiDAR maps out the environment around you, so it's begun calculating just how far or near an object is, as you tap the button to take the shot.
If Measure and autofocus are the only two discernible uses of LiDAR from Apple, though, there are already third-party apps that will do much more. There are very many of these, and most feel like experiments in finding out what's possible.
What you see through the Canvas screen is like standing in a "Star Trek" holodeck. Alongside a camera view of what's immediately in front of you, there's a grid next to it. As you turn, the grid gets filled in which an image of your surroundings.
Move too quickly, and the resulting image is low on detail. Move too slowly, and the app can run out of memory before you complete the scan. So it's a compromise between detail and completeness, but what it gets you is a 360 degree image of your room.
Right there on the iPhone, you can choose to zoom out to see an isomorphic projection of the room, rotate it with a gesture, and zoom in to see it from any angle. Swipe to show the room in closeup full screen, and you can then either swipe to move around — or physically move the phone.
You can instead take your phone and examine the scan anywhere else. Stand outside in field, for instance, and see your office on your iPhone screen. Move around the field, and the screen looks as if you're moving around the office.
And again, 3D Scanner App resembles a holodeck in how it presents a grid over your object, which gets filled in and replaced as you scan.
Next time you move house, take a LiDAR scan of any new property you're considering buying. We're not at the stage yet where apps make it very easy to take a scan of a room, and then drop in separate scans of your furniture, but you can do it.
More usefully, you can get a better feel for the size of apartments when you're comparing them. Being able to effectively walk around each apartment is much more intuitive than relying on floor plans and measurements.
And ones, such as Canvas, include an option to send a scan online. It's not the same as being able to turn your phone around as you walk about a virtual room. But you can see a 360 degree scanned image on your Mac.
Apps will get more sophisticated as developers explore the technology — and as it becomes more worth their while when LiDAR becomes commonplace. That will surely also extend to new ways of sharing or downloading such scans.
And maybe then we'll see more, maybe then we'll also have more Apple AR, too.
This content was originally published here.


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Copyright © tutorialspoint.com
GPRS is a data network that overlays a second-generation GSM network. This data overlay network provides packet data transport at rates from 9.6 to 171 kbps. Additionally, multiple users can share the same air-interface resources simultaneously.
Following is the GPRS Architecture diagram:
GPRS attempts to reuse the existing GSM network elements as much as possible, but to effectively build a packet-based mobile cellular network, some new network elements, interfaces, and protocols for handling packet traffic are required.
Therefore, GPRS requires modifications to numerous GSM network elements as summarized below:
|GSM Network Element||Modification or Upgrade Required for GPRS.|
|Mobile Station (MS)||New Mobile Station is required to access GPRS services. These new terminals will be backward compatible with GSM for voice calls.|
|BTS||A software upgrade is required in the existing base transceiver site.|
|BSC||The base station controller (BSC) requires a software upgrade and the installation of new hardware called the packet control unit (PCU). The PCU directs the data traffic to the GPRS network and can be a separate hardware element associated with the BSC.|
|GPRS Support Nodes (GSNs)||The deployment of GPRS requires the installation of new core network elements called the serving GPRS support node (SGSN) and gateway GPRS support node (GGSN).|
|Databases (HLR, VLR, etc.)||All the databases involved in the network will require software upgrades to handle the new call models and functions introduced by GPRS.|
New Mobile Station are required to use GPRS services because existing GSM phones do not handle the enhanced air interface or packet data. A variety of MS can exist, including a high-speed version of current phones to support high-speed data access, a new PDA device with an embedded GSM phone, and PC cards for laptop computers. These mobile stations are backward compatible for making voice calls using GSM.
Each BSC requires the installation of one or more Packet Control Units (PCUs) and a software upgrade. The PCU provides a physical and logical data interface to the base station subsystem (BSS) for packet data traffic. The BTS can also require a software upgrade but typically does not require hardware enhancements.
When either voice or data traffic is originated at the subscriber mobile, it is transported over the air interface to the BTS, and from the BTS to the BSC in the same way as a standard GSM call. However, at the output of the BSC, the traffic is separated; voice is sent to the mobile switching center (MSC) per standard GSM, and data is sent to a new device called the SGSN via the PCU over a Frame Relay interface.
Following two new components, called GPRS support nodes (GSNs), are added:
The Gateway GPRS Support Node acts as an interface and a router to external networks. The GGSN contains routing information for GPRS mobiles, which is used to tunnel packets through the IP based internal backbone to the correct Serving GPRS Support Node. The GGSN also collects charging information connected to the use of the external data networks and can act as a packet filter for incoming traffic.
The Serving GPRS Support Node is responsible for authentication of GPRS mobiles, registration of mobiles in the network, mobility management, and collecting information for charging for the use of the air interface.
The internal backbone is an IP based network used to carry packets between different GSNs. Tunneling is used between SGSNs and GGSNs, so the internal backbone does not need any information about domains outside the GPRS network. Signaling from a GSN to a MSC, HLR or EIR is done using SS7.
GPRS introduces the concept of a routing area. This is much the same as a Location Area in GSM, except that it will generally contain fewer cells. Because routing areas are smaller than Location Areas, less radio resources are used when a paging message is broadcast.
Copyright © tutorialspoint.com


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Revision as of 21:53, 3 December 2012
Völuspá ("Prophecy of the Seeress") is the first poem of the Poetic Edda, a collection of Old Norse poems. J.R.R. Tolkien was influenced greatly by the saga, and Christopher Tolkien even suggests that "those Dwarf-names in The Hobbit provided the whole starting-point for the Mannish languages in Middle-earth"
In particular almost all of the names of the dwarves of Middle-earth, as well as Gandalf's, are taken from a section of the Völuspá called the Dvergatal (the "Catalogue of Dwarves").[note 1] The Dvergatal is contained in stanzas 10–16:
- ↑ The Dvergatal is now considered a later interpolation, and is often omitted from newer editions of Völuspá.
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Peoples of Middle-earth, "The Appendix on Languages", Commentary to §58
- ↑ Charles B. Noad, "Review: The Peoples of Middle-earth (The History of Middle-earth XII)" at Tolkiensociety.org. See section "Dwarvish and Mannish Related". Retrieved 30 August 2010.
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien; Humphrey Carpenter, Christopher Tolkien (eds.), The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien, Letter 25, (dated February 1938)


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measure the amount of power used. These probes could be as simple as a plug load power probe between the device and the electrical outlet. They could require more extensive probes placed on the system board monitoring various power rails such as those required to execute the EEMBC Energybench benchmark.
The second category, power state profiling tools, employs an indirect method of measuring power utilization. Instead of directly measuring power, this class of tool measures and reports on the amount of time spent in different power states. The objective when using these tools is to understand what activities are causing the processor to enter C0 and to minimize them.
The goal of power tuning is two-fold:
- Minimize time in active state.
- Maximize time in inactive state.
On the surface it may seem like these goals are redundant; however in practice both are required. Power is expended in transitioning into and out of idle modes. A processor that is repeatedly waking up and then going back to sleep may consume more power than a processor that has longer periods in an active state. In general, the end result is for the system to be in idle mode 90 percent of the time. Of course, this end result depends on the specific workload and application. Techniques to meet this goal follow one of two tuning strategies, which are summarized as follows:
- Race to Idle. The tasks are executed as quickly as possible to enable the system to idle. This approach typically entails aggressive performance optimization using similar techniques as single core and multi-core performance tuning.
- Idle mode optimization. Iteratively add software components executing on the system and analyze power state transitions to ensure these components are as nondisruptive to power utilization as possible.
High power utilization has several causes, including:
- Poor computational efficiency
- Poor memory management
- Bad timer and interrupt behavior
- Poor power awareness
- Bad multithreading behavior


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There are two types of Polariser, circular and linear. These names bear no relation to the physical shape of the filter itself but refer instead to the way the light waves are transmitted through the filter to achieve the polarising effect.
When light from the sun bounces off a flat non metallic surface, such as glass or water, it becomes polarised with all of the reflected light waves vibrating in the same plane. This reflected glare can be removed by the polarising filter.
The SW150 System features its own circular polarising filter. If used alone, the polariser can be placed into the filter holder and the holder rotated until the desired effect is achieved. If used with a grad filter, the grad should be positioned first, then the polariser added – you will have no rotation possible without turning the grad, but will have a choice of two axis of polarisation, achievable by turning the filter through 90 degrees.
SW150 Polariser: Circular Effect
Ideal polariser for autofocus SLR cameras. Slots into the Filter Holder which is then rotated. Reduces exposure 1⅔ stops when fully polarised.


18 March 2020
Rediscovered: Clara Peeters
"Someone arranged them in 1620.
Someone found the rare lemon and paid
 a lot and neighbored it next
to the plain pear, the plain
apple of the lost garden, the glass of wine, set down
 mid-sip -
don't drink it, someone said, it''s for
the painting."
 - excerpt from "Still Life" by Marianne Boruch
The voice that speaks in Marianne Boruch's poem was not around when Clara Peeters painted Still Life with Cheeses, Artichoke and Cherries (circa 1825?). Someone unseen had already left marks on the artist's subjects. The perpetrator's knife is positioned at the center front of the picture, its effects on the butter, cheese, bread, and artichoke visible. Peeters made a veritable tower of local produce, artfully displayed (butter perched atop a blue plate) and richly articulated (shaved fragments of a cheese wheel). Butter and cheese, emblems of Dutch pride in their dairy farms were by-products of milk, known as "the noble liquid"
But there is another arrangement, anchored by the pewter charger, painted with a high glaze. The cherries are reflected and, in turn, reflect the unseen light source to the left on the canvas. My eye was drawn immediately to the exquisite realism of the artichoke section. The stem of a cherry may be a nod to the vanitas (from the Latin vanus for emptiness), a type of painting that portrayed of the transience of life and the emptiness of pleasure
Still life as a stand-alone genre emerged during the early decades of the seventeenth century when increasing prosperity brought a new abundance to ordinary people. Ontbijtjes or "breakfast pieces," pictures that showed the ingredients of a simple meal were very popular. Clara Peeters, one of the few female painters of the time, is credited as a founder of the genre. Her distinction is not owed to the genre itself but to her meticulous brushwork and elegant arrangements. There were fewer than a half dozen Dutch paintings of food that have been identified from the years before Peeters painted her first known work
About the life of Clara Peeters (1594? - 1657?) we have very little information. She lived in Antwerp and may also have lived in Amsterdam and The Hague. Her earliest works have been dated to 1607 and 1608. It is not known who taught Peeters but speculation has come to rest on Osian Beert (circa _PHONE_) of Antwerp as Peeters' teacher; certainly there are similarities in their style for a genre that was just taking shape. Objects are arrayed on a table that extends beyond both edges of the canvas; beyond is only inarticulate darkness. Her earliest works have been dated to 1607 and 1608. Although Peeters worked mostly with still life, in a painting dated about 1610 she included a figure that is assumed to be a self-portrait, holding a pen in one hand and a timepiece in the other. The arrangements of objects could to be interpreted symbolically as a vanitas. (from the Latin vanus for emptiness), an expression of the transience of life and the emptiness of pleasure
We know more about her compatriot Judith Leyster (_PHONE_) who was much admired by her contemporaries but who, like Peeters, faded from memory after her death; many of Leyster's works were attributed to Frans Hals because it was thought that they were too good to be the work of a woman.
Clara Peeters - Still Life with Cheeses, Artichoke and Cherries, circa 1625?, oil on board, Los Angeles County Museum of Art.
Hels said...
There was an exhibition at the Prado of Peeter's works a few years ago. I didn't see it, but you might like to get hold of the catalogue. The Chief Curator of Flemish and Northern School Painting at the Museo del Prado also wrote the two essays called Reflections on the art and culture of Clara Peeters.
Some of her works were simple and missing colour, but some were stunning.
Jane A Librizzi said...
Hels, thank you for that information, and not just for myself.
Peeters was


text:
Telepresence is a sophisticated form of robotic remote control in which a human operator has a sense of being on location so that the experience resembles virtual reality (VR). The remotely-controlled robot (or telechir ) and the human operator can be up to hundreds of kilometers apart. Control and feedback are done by telemetry over wires, optical fibers, wireless links, or the Internet.
In a telepresence system, the telechir is often a humanoid robot, also known as an android. The control station can consist of a full body suit that the user wears. Sensors detect, and transducers reproduce, sensations of vision and sound. In some systems, tactile sensing is also possible (this is called haptics ). The user wears headgear with a display and headphones that reproduce scenes and sounds as they appear at the site of the telechir. Binocular machine vision allows a sense of depth. Binaural machine hearing facilitates the perception of sounds with a sense of loudness and direction. The telechir may have one or two arms with end effectors (grippers) resembling human hands. In haptic systems, the user wears data gloves.
Applications of telepresence include working in extreme heat or cold, high or low pressure, and in other conditions hazardous to human life. Telepresence might be used to disarm bombs, handle toxic materials, and conduct dangerous military missions. Telepresence has been suggested as a method of performing surgery by remote control, and as a method of performing nanoscale operations by scaling down the telechir by a factor of thousands or millions.
One serious problem with long-distance telepresence is the fact that data and control signals cannot travel faster than the speed of light in free space. This limits the practical distance over which telepresence can be maintained without excessive latency. Another problem is posed by the level of precision with which detection and perception take place. Exceptional image resolution, sound perception, and haptics require large amounts of bandwidth for signal transmission.


The Harder a Skill is To Learn, the More Income You Can Earn
Earn skills to increase your income
7 min read
There is a reason that cashiers earn minimum wage: most people can learn how to operate a cash register in under 30 minutes with no prior training.
And there is a reason that neurosurgeons earn starting salaries of $300k or higher: it takes over a decade of formal training and studying to acquire the knowledge and experience to become licensed.
In terms of how much income you can generate from holding a certain set of skills, here's the rule of thumb: the harder a skill is to learn, the more income you can earn.
If anyone can learn skill A in under an hour with very little thought or effort, then it's unlikely that you can earn a high income with skill A. However, if skill B takes hard work, practice, and serious effort to understand, it's likely that you can earn a high income with skill B.
Today I want to share four different skills I have learned over the past few years that are generally considered hard to learn that have directly helped me boost my income.
1. Statistics
I earned my master's degree in applied statistics two years ago and only six other people at my university graduated with that specific degree that year. The reason that this was such an unpopular field was twofold:
1. Most people avoid statistics because of the confusing-looking formulas and intimidating course names. This means very few people choose to pursue this degree in the first place.
2. The curriculum is fairly hard. In particular, theoretical statistics is a nasty beast of a course. For the small group of people who decided to pursue a master's degree in stats, this course proved to be the one that prevented the most people from graduating.
At most universities, statistics is one of the smallest departments for these exact two reasons: it's intimidating and it's hard. But this is why students who are able to overcome the intimidation factor and who are willing to do the hard work of understanding statistical concepts get rewarded with high salaries.
Personally I was able to leverage my own master's degree and land a job as a data scientist with a salary of $80,000 when I was only 23. This high income helped me accumulate over $100k by age 24
In addition to using my degree to land a high salary, I've been able to use my knowledge of stats to tutor students for $40-50 per hour. During my most lucrative month, I earned over $1,000 purely from online tutoring.
The reason I'm able to charge such a high hourly rate is because there is a high demand for stats tutors and a low supply.
On the supply side, very few people know enough about statistics to actually teach it to others. On the demand side, there is a boatload of college students who are required to take one introductory stats course to fulfill a math/stats requirement for their degree, even if their degree isn't in a math/stats field.
This combination of low supply and high demand is what allows me to charge a high rate for my time.
In addition, tutoring is one of the best side hustles that exists. There are virtually no startup costs, the income potential is high, and existing clients often refer new clients.
Personally I have been able to find people to tutor in person through posting ads on Craigslist (although now you have to pay to post ads in certain cities) and I've found people to tutor online through cold messaging people on Facebook.
I've found success through stats tutoring, but I imagine that tutoring works well in other niche topics as well like organic chemistry, foreign languages, computer programming, math, physics, etc.
If you have knowledge in a subject that most people are intimidate by, you can use that knowledge to earn some serious income.
The second skill that I've picked up that has helped me boost my income has been the programming language JavaScript.
I first started dabbling in JavaScript while I was still in high school because I wanted to learn how to make interactive websites. The first few sites I made were clunky and ugly, but over time I got better.
Eventually, I created a stats educational website called Statology. That site includes interactive calculators and graph generators, which are coded entirely in JavaScript.
Creating that site had a direct impact on my income because it actually helped me land my first corporate job. I included the site as a side project on my resume, which got the attention of the hiring manager since very few college students actually do side projects outside of classes
Learning this programming language took several months of practice, but I picked it up fairly quickly because I was using it to directly build something online. This brings up an important point: I've found that the fastest way to pick up new skills is to attempt to build something using those skills
It sounds odd, but this approach to learning works and here's why:
When you have to build something, your learning is both (1) need-based and (2) outcome-oriented.
(1) need-based: you only learn skills that you will need to build that thing you're working on.
(2) outcome-oriented: that thing you're building is tangible. It will be seen by you and possibly others.
This guarantees that you only learn the most relevant and necessary skills because you literally need to know them to build that thing. And because that thing you're building is tangible, you're more likely to remember how you built it and the struggles you faced when building it. This makes the skills you learned more likely to stick in your brain.
The third skill I've picked up that has helped me boost my income has been D3.js, a JavaScript library for producing interactive data visualizations. This is what I have used to create interactive maps and other dynamic visualizations on this site. These visualizations are some of my most popular posts and tend to drive serious traffic to my site, which ultimately leads to higher blog income.
D3.js is a difficult language to learn and I still consider myself to be an amateur. Naturally, due to this inherent difficulty, very few people actually know how to create interactive visualizations which helps set my blog apart. This is yet another example of a skill that's hard to learn that leads to more income to earn.
The fourth skill I've picked up that has helped me boost my income has been R, a programming language for statistical computing. Learning this language is what helped me make the jump from a data analyst with a $52k salary to a data scientist with an $80k salary.
Most data scientist jobs require that you know R, Python, or a similar programming language. Unfortunately, my university offered no R programming courses which meant I had to learn it on my own time. So, that's exactly what I did.
Although I believe that building things is a better path to learning that taking traditional courses, I found the course The Analytics Edge to be helpful in learning R. In addition, I found it helpful to download RStudio, a free software environment where you can write and debug R code easily.
R is a programming language with a steep learning curve, but this is the exact reason that you can earn a high salary if you have an understanding of it.
The Fastest Way to Learn a Difficult Skill
"Study hard what interests you the most in the most undisciplined, irreverent and original manner possible." -Richard Feynman
One of fastest ways to learn a difficult skill is to apply it to something you find interesting. Here is how I have done so with all four of the skills I listed above:
1. Statistics – To be completely honest, I pursued stats in college because I knew it was a field that offered a high income. When I started building my stats educational website, though, I become much more interested in the field because I had to learn the concepts thoroughly in order to write tutorials about them, which I found to be both fun and challenging.
2. JavaScript – I have always loved building websites. Since JavaScript is such an important skill when it comes to building sites, learning the ins and outs of it turned out to be fascinating to me because I was directly using it to build something interesting.
3. D3.js – Although this JavaScrript library has a steep learning curve, I was able to grasp the basics of it fairly quickly by using it to build cool visualizations like this one that visualizes the net worth of Americans by age. Since this was such a fun visualization to build, it made learning D3.js more of a game than a chore.
4. R – I have always loved following the NBA and reading about the stats of different players and teams. So, when I first started learning R I would go online and download datasets from and then use R to summarize player stats and create visualizations using R libraries. Through working with data I found to be interesting, I was able to learn R much quicker than if I had simply followed the boring tutorials from textbooks.
Combine Your Skills
When you learn a difficult skill, you put yourself in a position to earn a high income for your expertise. However, when you learn more than one difficult skill and then combine those skills in unique ways, you put yourself in a position to earn an even higher income because your skillset is so unique.
For example, data scientists are rare because they need to know both programming and statistical concepts. There are tons of programmers out there and there are a decent amount of statisticians out there. There aren't, however, very many people who know a bit about both programming and statistics. This is why data scientists earn high salaries: they possess a rare combination


text:
Psychology and Brain Sciences | Choice Behavior
P648 | 27440 | Busemeyer, J.
Choice is the behavioral interface between the brain and the
environment, and consequently, understanding this basic process is
fundamental to all fields of human activity. This course will begin
with what is considered the optimal way of making choices – expected
utility theory -- which prescribes how to combine beliefs with
values. The synthesis expected utility with Bayesian inference
produces the well known signal detection model of decision making.
However, the signal detection model is a static model, and its
dynamic extension is known as the random walk or diffusion model of
decision making. Random walk/diffusion models have been used to
model decisions ranging from sensation, perception, memory,
categorization, and even consumer preferences. Artificial neural
network models of choice can be viewed as nonlinear extensions of
diffusion models. This course will link together all of these
theories, describe how to use these models to explain data, and
review empirical for and against these theories.


text:
By modeling materialization trends for China's production structure against the consumer demand structure, the relationship between economic growth and environmental pressure can be measured.
The goal of this project is to understand the environmental impact of China's economic growth and evaluate the potential of decoupling its economic growth from increasing environmental pressure.
The question of whether environmental pressure can be reduced simultaneously along with economic growth has been intensively discussed (e.g., Arrow et al., 1995; Holdren, 2008). As the largest emerging economy, China has achieved spectacular economic growth but also experienced serious environmental degradation in the past two decades. Currently the second largest economy in the world, China also leads the world in resource consumption and waste emissions. For example, China is the world's top consumer of primary energy and minerals, top producer of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and atmospheric mercury, major producer of carbonaceous aerosols, and the largest virtual water importer.
The unprecedented change in China offers a unique opportunity to uncover the relationship between economic growth and environmental pressure, which is important for achieving environmental sustainability in both China and the world. However, this effort in the literature has been limited mainly to specific environmental pressures/impacts, such as energy usage, aggregated resource productivity, CO2 emissions, and atmospheric pollutant emissions. Particular policies targeting at mitigating specific environmental impacts may lead to the increase of other environmental impacts, which is known as unintended consequences. There still remains a great need and major challenge in understanding the relationship between China's economic growth and a comprehensive set of environmental impacts.
In this project we will explore the environmental impact of China's economic growth in the past 20 years through three tasks: (1) compiling inventories for 31 types of resource and emission flows in China during _PHONE_; (2) examining the relationship between economic growth and environmental pressure during this period using a decoupling elasticity index; and (3) analyzing relative contributions of six socioeconomic drivers—material intensity, production structure, final demand structure, GDP composition, per capita GDP, and population—to China's environmental pressure.


text: Prognostic models can guide clinical management and increase statistical power in clinical trials. The availability and adequacy of prognostic models for mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) is uncertain. The present study aimed to (1) identify and evaluate multivariable prognostic models for MTBI, and (2) determine which pre-, peri-, and early post-injury variables have independent prognostic value in the context of multivariable models. An electronic search of MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, EMBASE, and CINAHL databases for English-language MTBI cohort studies from _PHONE_ was supplemented by Web of Science citation and hand searching. This search strategy identified 7789 articles after removing duplicates. Of 182 full-text articles reviewed, 26 met eligibility criteria including (1) prospective inception cohort design, (2) prognostic information collected within 1 month post-injury, and (3) 2+variables combined to predict clinical outcome (e.g., post-concussion syndrome) at least 1 month later. Independent reviewers extracted sample characteristics, study design features, clinical outcome variables, predictor selection methods, and prognostic model discrimination, calibration, and cross-validation. These data elements were synthesized qualitatively. The present review found no multivariable prognostic model that adequately predicts individual patient outcomes from MTBI. Suboptimal methodology limits their reproducibility and clinical usefulness. The most robust prognostic factors in the context of multivariable models were pre-injury mental health and early post-injury neuropsychological functioning. Women and adults with early post-injury anxiety also have worse prognoses. Relative to these factors, the severity of MTBI had little long-term prognostic value. Future prognostic studies should consider a broad range of biopsychosocial predictors in large inception cohorts.


text:
I would like to welcome you to The University of Texas at Tyler Innovation Academy. The Innovation Academy is excited about the partnership between The University of Texas at Tyler and the opportunities this affords students, parents, and the community abroad.
The University of Texas at Tyler Innovation Academy is a public university Charter School that was established in 2012 to provide students with a hands-on approach to learning by incorporating technology and innovative teaching methods. We are innovating at all levels – in Project-Based Learning, the flipped model classroom, and technology. Our mission is to prepare students to be college ready.
The Innovation Academy incorporates STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) education into daily curriculum. The University of Texas at Tyler Innovation Academy works to help students gain the skills necessary to succeed in these fields. As a STEM school, students are required to complete rigorous and challenging coursework specifically designed to prepare them for a seamless transition to higher education. According to the U.S. Department of Commerce, STEM careers have grown three times as fast as jobs in non-STEM careers over the past ten years.
We believe that learning is both engaging and social. Therefore, all content is taught through project-based activities. Students are organized into small groups to collectively learn and master a very challenging curriculum.
We believe that students can and should learn 21st century skills, such as problem solving, communication, research, and collaboration. These skills are incorporated into projects designed from the state standards, ensuring that students are learning the material that they need to know to be successful.
We believe that learning is an ongoing process, and we strive to extend learning beyond the classroom. One way we extend learning is by providing at home assignments. Students in the UT Tyler Innovation Academy spend roughly half as much time with teachers then they would in a traditional classroom. The remainder of the time is spent away from school working independently on virtual assignments.
We believe that education should be individualized for all students. Projects are developed with the intent of allowing students to operate at multiple grade-levels. Furthermore, we encourage students to work ahead on their own or address weaknesses that they have identified with the help of their teachers and parents.
The UT Tyler Innovation Academy is dedicated to implementing the newest and most promising practices in education. This commitment is evident as you walk our halls and visit our classrooms. I encourage you to view our website, watch our videos, and come see our schools.


text:
The confusion seems to be a result of a heavy NP shift (heavy noun phrase shift).
with a view toward bringing it to a conclusion.
with a view toward bringing to a conclusion it.*
* denotes incorrect usage
We wouldn't move it to the end of the sentence because it is too light. However, in our sentence we instead have the UN Security Council's consideration of this matter, which is a heavy NP (noun phrase), so it can be shifted to the end.
with a view toward bringing to [a satisfactory conclusion] [the UN Security Council's consideration of this matter].
It might be easier to understand the phrase by moving the heavy NP back:
with a view toward bringing [the UN Security Council's consideration of this matter] to [a satisfactory conclusion].
With that, it should be easy to see that this heavy NP is simply the "Council's consideration", where "Council" means the UN Security Council, and the "consideration" means the consideration of this matter, and it's the Council's consideration.
The part "addressing the UN Security Council resolutions, with a view toward bringing to a satisfactory conclusion the UN Security Councilˈs consideration of this matter" would refer to such addressing and it means that the addressing would be done with a view toward bringing the Council's consideration to a satisfactory conclusion.
As for whether including, among other things is redundant or not, I would say that it can be considered redundant; however, in my opinion, if we removed the among other things part, the addressing would appear to be less important than it currently is, as it appears in the original sentence.


The munitions of terroristic attacks in Europe
Research Paper (postgraduate), 2019
19 Pages, Grade: 1,7
Table of contents
1. How can we stay ahead of a terrorist's arsenal?
2. How can the weaponry of a terrorist be categorised?
3. What terroristic attacks occurred since the year 2000 in Europe and what arms were used?
4. Did the terrorists in Europe change their arsenal?
5. Literature
The aim of this paper is to present and outline the munitions terrorists in Europe are using in order to harm innocent people. From the recent terrorist attacks in Europe we know that they were very lethal and we must stay updated about their arsenal in order to prepare our defensive against those different kinds of weapons. Therefore, I have got the following thesis that needs to be proven.
The arms of terrorists who are targeting Europe have changed in the 21st century.
The purpose of this paper is to analyse if the weaponry of terrorists in Europe has changed within the 21st century and to prepare better against those new threats. In order to approach this thesis statement, it is important to ask the right research question for that. The question is:
What munitions are terrorists in Europe using today and did they change since the beginning of the 21st century?
In order to answer this question, I will analyse the terrorist attacks in the recent years and find out what weapons the terrorists have used. Then I will count how often the different weapons were used in the attacks and compare them to each other. Then, it must be examined, if there is a rising number of a special kind of weapon that was not so often used before the year 2000.
Based on this research, I can point out my hypothesis:
If we know what arms the European extremists are using for their attacks nowadays beforehand, we can prevent those attacks better.
In order to question this hypothesis some specific scientific methods are used in this paper. Foremost, a quantitative research approach is used in order to rank how often what type of munition was used in a recent terroristic attack. As a basis for the data of the different incident's articles from the newspapers USA today and Süddeutsche Zeitung are examined. They list all the recent attacks in a chronological order and it offers also an insight what type of munitions was used by the terrorists. From there, hard empirical data can be generated. In addition, a table will be created in order to quantify the number of the arms that were used. To answer the posed research question the numbers have to be compared to each other at the end.
But before we can start to examine the different weapons, we have to categorise them first. Therefore, the book of Cindy Combs, 'Terrorism in the Twenty First Century', is very helpful.
2. How can the weaponry of a terrorist be categorised?
Firstly, each arm has to be carefully put into a category in order to examine how often a weapon from each category is used in the 21st century. To do this, we should focus on the categories that Cindy Combs has given us in her book.
The first category of munitions we think about in our mind when it comes to terrorism are explosives. But what types of explosives are available to a terrorist? According to Cindy Combs, many explosives are homemade devices with a focus on a big blast rather than being a conventional bomb. (Combs, 2017) That allows the terrorists to smuggle them into airplanes because metal detectors are useless against them. In addition those handmade explosives can be easily assembled locally at the terrorists home. (Combs, 2017) It should also be pointed out that one can count a fully fuelled airplane as an explosive device as well as a truck that is loaded with flammable chemicals and explosive material in order to trigger a blast. (Combs, 2017) Terrorists are also very efficient to do a lot of damage by using only small amounts of explosives. Combs named this method the so called 'shaped-charge principle'. (Combs, 2017) That means that terrorists are ' focusing the force of the explosion in a desired direction' (Combs, 2017, p.163) A new type of bomb should also be added to the category of explosives. The newly emerged so called improvised explosive device (IED). This kind of explosive device can be described as 'a homemade bomb, designed to maim or kill an enemy, typically thrown or left concealed on the side of a road' (Combs, 2017, p. 163) Those devices are easy to manufacture and the terrorist can get the components from a local hardware shop. That makes IED's widely accessible for a wide range of potential terrorists. They can be thrown at a target or triggered by a civil device like a cell phone. (Combs, 2017) This makes them also very easy to handle.
Secondly, the category of assassinations and ambushes have to be added to our list. They can also be a kind of munition against innocent people. Terrorists are choosing their targets who they want to assassinate very wisely. Because of their publicity and symbolic value politicians can be a very interesting target to aim for. The terrorists are doing this in a long and detailed planning phase in order to surprise the victim and to secure the execution. (Combs, 2017)
Thirdly, the destructive potential of small firearms shouldn't be underestimated and they can be identified as another category of munition. Under this category one can find pistols, rifles and sawed-off shotguns. (Combs, 2017) Terroristic groups who lack capital like them because they are low in purchase costs and they are easy to handle as well. A long training process is no longer needed. They are also easily to obtain because of the loose gun regulation laws in many countries. (Combs, 2017)
The fourth category of munitions that has to be considered are automatic weapons. Those arms are the preferred ones under terrorist groups for several reasons. They are highly available to them as well as easy to hide. Moreover, they have a high rate of fire and they are dealing a devastating psychological harm to the targets like civilians or security forces. (Combs, 2017) Assault rifles and submachine guns are the most widespread types of this category (Combs, 2017) The most popular assault rifles amongst terrorists is the AK-47 that was easily accessible after the demise of the Soviet Union. Terrorists like it because of the durability and the reliability of this automatic weapon. („Why has the AK-47 become the jihadi terrorist weapon of choice? | World news | The Guardian", n.d.) Mark Mastaglio, a UK-based ballistics expert expressed it like this: 'It's very easy to use, that's why you see 12-year-olds carrying them. It is tough, it works in all kinds of environments – hot and sandy deserts, or in Siberia. Wherever it is stored it is resilient, and this is why it is so popular. ' („Why has the AK-47 become the jihadi terrorist weapon of choice? | World news | The Guardian", n.d.)
Portable rockets are marking a fifth category of a terrorists arsenal. This category includes so called precision-guided munitions (PGM's) that can be explained best in Cindy Combs words, are 'devices that can launch missiles whose trajectories can be corrected in flight' (Combs, 2017, p. 167) These munitions are very harmful because they can even destroy aircrafts and tanks. According to Brian Jenkins, terrorists like the PGM's because of their widespread military use, high rate of production and they are relatively cheap. (Jenkins, 1978)
A sixth category can be assessed as aerial and naval hijacking. To hijack a civil airplane can generate a lot of public attention on the terrorist group and on their aims. (Combs, 2017) In addition the psychological impact of those skyjacks are devastating even when there are not much casualties. (Combs, 2017) Naval piracy is also rising because of the economic failure in some failing states like Somalia. Piracy has become a well-developed criminal enterprise in some regions and it is a very lucrative business for terrorist groups. (Combs, 2017)
Sabotages and cyber-attacks can be counted as a seventh category. Foremost, western nations with their vulnerable infrastructure are a target of such terroristic activities. (Combs, 2017) By sabotaging the infrastructure terrorists can also disrupt whole governments. When they are able to launch a cyberattack successfully against critical infrastructure, like the power grid, innocent people can also die as a consequence when their basic needs are not satisfied. Those kinds of attacks should be regarded as very dangerous because their damage potential is rising with the widespread of digitalisation.
Another very feared category of munitions is the category of weapons of mass destruction. We count those weapons as the eight category in this research paper. The potential damage of those weapons is devastating and can cost the lives of thousands to millions of casualties. Biological, chemical, radiological and nuclear weapons are falling in this category. (Combs, 2017) Governments and experts are in fear of terrorist groups getting those devastating devices. It is generally assumed that terrorist groups are not able to get their hands on nuclear material to construct a proper working atomic weapon. (Champion & Mattis, 2003) But it is still concerning that the illegal trade of non-fissile nuclear materials rose since the demise of the Soviet Union. (Champion & Mattis, 2003) More dangerous to innocent people are chemical and biological weapons of mass destruction


How to Stay Safe During Zumba Dance Classes
Zumba is a famous Latin-inspired fitness program. When you participate, it is more like a dance party than a workout. You will surely love the idea of a workout without making you feel like you are exercising. With this, it lures a diverse crowd at health clubs and dance studios.
This exercise is an excellent way to burn calories but for those who are out of shape, initial classes can be challenging. For those who are already joining a zumba dance class, they attest that it is addictive because of its endorphin-fueled movements enhanced by feel-good beats.
Like any workout, there is a risk of injury. The most common Zumba injury is a meniscal tear of the knee. This happens when the knee joint moves in one direction but the feet stay put. Knowing this, it is important that you know how to stay safe during Zumba dance classes. You can consider the following tips for a safe Zumba workout:
Prepare for class
Zumba instructors will select their dance steps from different styles like salsa, samba, merengue, belly dancing, and even hip-hop. For this, you need to prepare. If you can, you must take a preparation class that teaches basic moves. It is advisable to take beginner Latin dance session before you show up at your first class.
Choose an experienced instructor
You must know that any enthusiast can receive certification after completing a one-day course. Before you signup, it is important that you research about the experiences of the instructor. Through this, you will get to know the instructor's extent of certification.
Zumba-Dance-ClassesWear the correct shoes
You do not just wear any shoes when dancing. For Zumba, the shoes should have few or no grips on the soles. This is important so you can turn easily without sticking to the floor. It is advisable to look for shoes with pivot points allowing a multidirectional movement.
Do not wear running shoes because they are made for forward movement. If you wear running shoes during Zumba, you have a higher risk of knee, hip and ankle injuries. It is imperative that you consider shoes that are made for side movement. While you are at it, look for flexible shoes with a good amount of arch support.
Dodge the wrong floors
The floor can mean the difference between safe and risky classes. Due to Zumba's popularity, there are many makeshift studios you will see. When you come to visit, check the floors. Avoid concrete or concrete covered with a thin layer of wood, carpeted surfaces, and floors with hard tiles. The floor should be hardwood.
Look at the crowd
When you see an overcrowded studio, you need to ditch Zumba. You must remember that Zumba requires an adequate physical space so you can move appropriately. Zumba features high-velocity movements that need more space so people do not injure each other. Find classes that are not congested.
Consider warm up and cool down
Warm up is important because it will help raise your body's temperature and reduce soreness afterward. Cool down can bring down your respiratory rate, body temperature, and heart rate. These steps should not be skipped regardless of the type of exercise.
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text:
3 Data Structures
Initially, plankton surveys were included as part of the trawl
database. However, it soon became apparent that the trawl data
structures were not suitable for plankton catch data.
Therefore, a separate database, plankton, was created that, at the
conceptual level, is very similar to trawl [Mackay, K. 1998: Marine
Research database documentation. 6. trawl. NIWA Greta Point Internal
Report No. 6. 35p.], but has attributes specific to plankton catches.
This has the advantage of allowing easy access to related trawl
3.1 Table Relationships
This database contains several tables. The ERD for plankton
(Figure 1) shows the physical data model structure [Also known as a
database schema.] of the database and its entities (each entity is
implemented as a database table) and relationships between these
tables. Each table represents an object, event, or concept in the
real world that has been represented in the database. Each attribute
of a table is a defining property or quality of the table.
All of the table's attributes are shown in the ERD. The underlined
attributes represent the table's primary key [A primary key is an
attribute or a combination of attributes that contains an unqiue
value to identify that record.]. This schema is valid regardless of
the database system chosen, and it can remain correct even if the
Database Management System (DBMS) is changed.
Note that Figure 1 shows the main tables only. Some of the tables
in the plankton database have attributes, called foreign keys [A
foreign key is any attribute, or a combination of attributes, in a
table that is a primary key of another table. Tables are linked
together through foreign keys.], which contain standard NIWA
fisheries codes, such as species. These attributes provide links to
tables in plankton and the rdb (research database) database, which
contains the definitive list of standard codes. An expanded ERD for
these tables is shown in Figure 2.
Section 5 shows a listing of all the plankton tables as
implemented by the Empress DBMS. As can be seen in the listing of the
tables, a table's primary key has an unique index on it. Primary keys
are generally listed using the format:
Indices: ;UNIQUE index_name ON ( attribute [, attributes
where the attribute(s) make up the primary key and the index name
is the primary key name. Note that the typographical convention for
the above (and subsequent) format is the square brackets [ ] may
contain an item that is repeated zero or more times.
This unique index prevents records with duplicate key values from
being inserted into the table, e.g., a new trip with an existing trip
code, and hence ensures that every record can be uniquely identified.
The plankton database is implemented as a relational database.
That is, each table is a special case of a mathematical construct
known as a relation and hence elementary relation theory is used to
deal with the data within tables and their relationships between
them. All relationships in plankton are of the type one-to-many [ A
one-to-many relationship is where one record in a table (the parent)
relates to one or many records in another table (the child).]. This
is shown in the ERD by connecting a single line (indicating "many")
from the child table (e.g., t_station) to the parent table (e.g.,
t_trip) with an arrowhead (indicating "one") pointing to
Every relationship has a mandatory or optional aspect to it. That
is, if a relationship is mandatory, then it has to occur and least
once, while an optional relationship might not occur at all. For
example, in Figure 1, consider that relationship between the table
t_trip and it's child table t_trip_comm. The symbol "O" by
the child t_trip_comm means that a fish can have zero or many trip
comments, while the bar by the parent t_trip means that for every
trip comment there must be a matching trip.
Most of the tables in plankton contain foreign keys, which link
these tables to each other and to tables in the rdb database (Figure
1 and Figure 2). The majority of these links are enforced by
referential constraints [Also known as integrity checks.].
Constraints do not allow orphans to exist in any table, i.e., where a
child record exists without a related parent record. This may happen
when: a parent record is deleted; the parent record is altered so
that the relationship is lost; or a child record is entered without a
parent record. Constraints are shown in the table listings by the
Referential: ;error message ( attribute[, attribute])
INSERT parent table ( attribute[, attribute])
For example, consider the following constraint found in the table
Referential: ;invalid trip code (trip_code) INSERT t_trip
This means that the value of the attribute trip_code of a record
upon insert into t_station must already exist in the parent table
t_trip or the record will be rejected and an error message will be
All tables in this database are indexed. That is, attributes that
are most likely to be used as a searching key have like values linked
together to speed up searches. These indices are listed using the
Indices: ;NORMAL (2, 15) index_name ON ( attribute[,
Note that indices may be simple, pointing to one attribute or
composite pointing to more than one attribute. The numbers "...(2,
15)..." in the syntax are Empress DBMS default values relating
to the amount of space allocated for the index.
3.2 Database design
As reflected by the ERD, the highest level of a plankton survey is
a research trip. Details for each trip are held in the table t_trip
(Table 1). Each trip is uniquely identified by a trip code, stored as
the attribute trip_code.
Note that the comments for a trip are held in a separate table
t_trip_comm (Table 2). This means that one trip may have zero, one,
or more than one comment associated with it. It can be argued that
there is a one-to-one relationship between t_trip and t_trip_comm.
After all, all comments to be made about one trip can be made in
one comment. However, the trip comments have been separated from the
trip details to two reasons:
Comments can be recorded at any time
during a trip life-cycle. Rather than adding comments to those
already recorded, it is easier just to create a new record.
To optimise query times, attributes with
long field sizes, such as comments, are placed in separate tables to
avoid being hit during tables scans for a regular expression.
For stratified plankton surveys, stratum details, such as stratum
code and area (in square kilometres) are stored in the table
t_stratum (Table 3). These strata may not necessarily be the same as
those used for trawling during the same trip (as recorded in the
trawl database). Notice that there is an optional link from t_trip to
t_stratum; this means that not all trips have to have strata, i.e.,
unstratified plankton surveys.
Any one trip also relates to many stations. This is a mandatory
relationship: a trip has to have at least one station before it can
be entered into the database. Generally, a station is the location at
which the plankton gear was deployed. Details for the station, such
as shot start and finish location, time, depth, gear performance and
environment parameters are stored in the table t_station (Table 4).
This table differs from the standard station table in the trawl
database because it allows for up to 3 positions to be recorded
(shot, start, and finish) for a station: the shot time and position
is taken where the gear is first deployed; the start time and
position is taken where the gear has reached the target depth and has
started to be hauled; and the finish time and position is taken when
the net reaches the sea surface. This is illustrated in Figure 3.
Figure 3: Origin of the three sets of time and
position for a station.
In some instances, the shot and start positions of the gear are
one in the same thing.
However, usually a gear does not start to collect samples until is
has reached it's target depth and opened by a remote trigger, or when
it get forward motion from when then wire has stopped being paid out
and the vessel moves forward and/or the wire has started to be hauled
Note that a station may or may not occur within a pre-defined
stratum (the table t_station contains the attribute stratum) and that
one stratum may or may not contain stations.
Therefore, there is a two-way optional many-to-one relationship
between t_station and t_stratum.
Like the table t_trip, t_station has its own comments table
t_stat_comm (Table 5). The same arguments that have been used for the
creation of the t_trip_comm table also apply here.
For plankton stations prior to the
introduction of net sondes and depth-meters, the depth and path of
the plankton gear was estimated from the angle of the gear wires at
certain intervals or wire length. These wire angle data are stored in
the table t_wire_angle (Table 6), and are linked


Sewer vs. Sewist
Article Image
Merriam-Webster cites the first usage of the word "sewer" meaning "one that sews" in the 14th Century.
This may be opening a can of worms, but I'm curious. How do Threads readers refer to themselves in terms of their sewing hobby? Are you a "sewer" or a "sewist"?
According to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary and others, the first known use of the word "sewer" to mean "one that sews" occurred in the 14th century. Over time, a variety of terms have evolved to describe those who sew garments. Sewer remains the dominant term, but sewist (combining "sew" with "artist") appears to be gaining popularity, especially among sewing bloggers.
It may seem like a newfangled word created merely to provide a hip label, but the earliest printed usage of sewist was in 1964 in Annals of Science, Volume 18, published by the British Society for the History of Science (although it was not used in a positive light). "Sewist" does not yet have an entry in any dictionary, but when has that prevented a word from being adopted into common usage?
Many people who sew dislike the word "sewist". The reasons I've read and heard vary, but most seem to strongly believe it to be a non-word and a hack-job on the English language. But language is in a constant state of evolution. New words and terms are coined and adapted to help us describe various aspects of our rapidly expanding cultures, societies, and technologies.
Perhaps the sticking point for the anti-"sewist" sewing population is simply that a term describing people who sew is already in widespread usage. Do we need another one?
Those who prefer "sewist" might argue that they do, even if you don't. Perhaps "sewist" infers a more contemporary approach rather than a traditional one? There is also the close resemblance in writing between "sewer" and a word of the same spelling that means "a subterranean conduit that carries off sewage." "Sewist" at least can't be mistaken for that word.
Luckily, there's room for us all, whether we identify as "sewers" or as "sewists". We all love to create through sewing.
How do you describe yourself as a person who sews and a sewing enthusiast? Are you a sewer or a sewist?
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 1. kmarsdenjohnson | | #1
 I like the idea of sewist, an artist who sews. What is the definition of seamstress?
 2. User avater
 2boys2dogs | | #2
 I prefer sewer over sewist, but I wouldn't use either to describe what I do. We used to use seamstress, but I'm not fond of that either - seems a bit old fashioned and geared towards someone who sews just clothing. I actually think we need another term to describe what we do - fabric artist? textile artist? There has to be something better.
 3. Sewinator | | #3
 I like Sewist. When I write the word Sewer, it always reminds me of a drain, and not a good smelling drain. The drain that runs off the house and carries away household waste is also known as a sewer.
 I am a Sewist, or a fabric artist.
 4. elizabethdee | | #4
 I don't like either word. "sewer" is too easily misread for its other meaning, and. "sewist" sounds (to me, this is just a very individual reaction) self-conscious. And no way am I a fabric artist. I prefer to rephrase: I sew, she sews, a group of people who sew.
 5. User avater
 Juleo | | #5
 I'm with _USER_ on this one. I refer to myself as someone who sews, never a sewer. I'm interested in the word'sewist' though, I wouldn't mind seeing it catch on but for the moment it feels too new and contrived for me.
 6. NancyinA2 | | #6
 I use "seamster." I really dislike "sewist." Maybe "sewwer"?
 7. kellybird1954 | | #7
 Simple - I sew, she/he sews, they sew. It's easy to conjugate conrrectly and there is no question about what is being done.
 Sewist sounds contrived and sewer can be misread.
 8. User avater
 ReontheRoad | | #8
 I like sewist. It's modern and as kmarsden says, it is good way of combining and describing one's skills as an artist who sews.
 As a free-lance writer for several sewing publications, I do to use the word sewer, but hate typing and seeing it in print. I automatically think smelly, stinky. I do proudly state that 'I am a person who sews' and of course, if someone asked if I were a sewer, the non-smelling kind, I always answer yes!
 9. beadfisher | | #9
 Seamster. I like it that it sounds like a rough tough teamster rather than a wistful wishy washy sewist.
 10. kathyann | | #10
 I can understand the issue people have with "sewer," but I'm with elizabethdee above who says "sewist" seems too self conscious. If I were to tell my kids I was a sewist, they'd roll their eyes at me, and most people I know wouldn't know what I was talking about. When someone asks about my hobbies, I tell them "I like to sew clothes."
 11. Trixienoe | | #11
 While reading recently I happened across a very old word for seamstress, or one who sews...Sempstress. I like it! My Motto: "Yes I sew, No I don't fix broken zippers or hem pants. I'm an Artist".
 12. wolfkit | | #12
 I have a problem when anybody puts an 'ist' or an 'ism' on the end of any word. It makes them look like the narrow minded extremists that most people are who use these terms to describe themselves.
 13. Serral | | #13
 My grandmother was a professional seamstress. I like the word because it connects me to the history of the craft that I continue to learn. Historically sewing guilds were considered valuable craftspeople. The artistry of good sewing, regardless of the final product, has always been evident.
 We don't call master carpenters a new name despite the evolution of new tools and techniques so why do i need "sewist"? The sewist term seems part of a linguistic trend that includes the redundant and increasingly ubiquitous "istic" and "esque".
 14. bakertoo | | #14
 I like sewer. I like the medieval origins of the word. It can have the unfortunate similarity to the drain analogy, and I kind of think that is funny, a little fun word play! I have an annoucement from a gallery near me that I have tacked to my cork board above my sewing table, that is for a fabric artist, having a show of her stuff, and it simply says Sewer, in black letters on a dingy grey background! It makes me smile when I look at it, and I like that it reminds me of the way we define ourselves and how we can break out of the box a word or a term can enclose us in. Sewist is fine too, and I don't think just because it isn't an official word and not in a dictionary, it should be disregarded. Language evolves with us and by us, and it takes to a new place in defining who we are. It makes me think of the first quilters, who took the quilt to a new place beyond the utilitarian, and made quilting an art form. That was a hard sell to people(I would say mostly men at the time), but it is a given now-art quilts are the norm. And I think I like seamstress too! I guess I like anyway a person defines themselves, as long as they keep on sewing!
 15. georgiana | | #15
 16. User avater
 Djonee | | #16
 Honestly this is the first time Ive read the term Sewist. Though im living in modern times, there something to be said about historical terms..I like seamstress,and sewer.And i too like the motto _USER_.
 17. User avater
 BJ_sews_on | | #17
 Seamstress, sewer... and now sewist! I'll take any of them as long as I can keep sewing. This argument reminds me of an old art school debate on whether crafts were really art. Artists often felt that anything that wasn't an original creation couldn't be described as art.
 So often, we put our own creative


The six challenges of multi-channel contact centres (and how to beat them)
Published on the 12/02/2016 | Written by Carl Price
multi-channel contact centres
Contact centre operators have been shifting to multi-channel communication methods for more than a decade, writes Carl Price – but the shift has proven challenging…
Hampered by legacy, on-premise systems and faced with increasing demands from customers for flexibility, many operators are yet to realise the benefits they had initially foreseen. The challenges can be even more acute for smaller operators. Faced with limited budgets and staff numbers, they can struggle to introduce new channels and ensure a consistent customer experience across them.
Increasingly, customers want to use multiple communication channels during a single interaction or transaction. They may start by using a web site, but then shift to email or chat to have specific questions answered. For companies to be able to provide consistently good customer service, they must have the systems in place that allow interactions to flow seamlessly between multiple channels.
Recent research conducted by Interactive Intelligence found that more than 50 per cent of small-to-mid-sized contact centre operators aim to have their interaction channels fully integrated by 2016. The key question they have, however, is how they will reach that goal?
There are six key challenges organisations faced when implementing a multi-channel contact centre. Those challenges, and how to overcome them, are:
1. Restrictive capital budgets
Virtually all organisations wrestle with the challenge of limited budgets. Finding the funds needed to introduce new communications channels can be difficult and could mean shifting money away from other areas.
A cost-effective alternative is to embrace cloud-based platforms. Rather than investing in new on-premise equipment, organisations can take advantage of externally hosted resources. These can be linked to existing in-house systems to create a more flexible platform capable of supporting multiple customer communication channels.
2. Lack of in-house expertise
As new communication channels are added to the mix, the skills required of contact centre staff will change. Where once it would have been sufficient to be adept at handling voice calls, keyboard skills and awareness of social media can quickly become requirements.
Organisations need to evaluate the skill level of existing agents and offer training where required. It might also be a case of looking externally for other skilled staff and adding them to the mix.
3. The limits of legacy infrastructure
Legacy contact centre infrastructures that have evolved over a period of time can struggle to deal with new communication channels. Many comprise multiple silos of data which cannot be readily accessed and shared. As a result, agents can find it difficult to obtain a clear picture of a customer when communicating with them using multiple channels.
To overcome this, organisations can take a phased approach to the introduction of new channels. As each is deployed, attention should focus on ensuring customer data is still readily available. If a customer starts with an email conversation and then shifts to chat and the web, the agent handling the interaction will then be able to see all elements of the relationship and provide a high quality of service.
4. Customer unwillingness to embrace new contact channels
Despite the spread of communication channels such as chat, text and social, many customers are still reluctant to take advantage of these new alternatives. This reluctance appears particularly prevalent in the utilities and government sectors where people still tend to prefer voice interactions.
To overcome this, organisations should consult with the customers to determine what channels they might consider and the benefits this could deliver to them. Trials can then be undertaken and feedback sought to ensure those benefits are being realised. Once a new channel is working for a select group it can then be rolled out to the entire customer base.
5. Limiting organisational silos
Contact centres that have grown over time due to company acquisition or rapid growth often have organisational or structural silos that limit efficient operation.
To overcome this cross-function teams focused on the customer experience should be established to find ways to change the structure and improve its effectiveness.
6. Multi-channel not a strategic priority
Finally, it can be a struggle to implement an effective multi-channel contact centre if doing so is not a strategic priority for the organisation as a whole. Centre managers must work with senior managers to ensure the contact centre is seen as being of strategic value rather than simply a cost centre.
By overcoming these key challenges, multi-channel contact centres can become a critical and effective part of the organisation. By allowing customers to interact seamlessly across multiple channels, they will be able to both improve internal efficiencies and boost customer satisfaction.
Carl Price is APAC head of marketing at Interactive Intelligence.
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text:
Research pairing the Enneagram and Spiral Dynamics®
Spiral Dynamics® is a system that offers a view of the evolution of human consciousness over the last 100,000 years (Graves, 2005). It is a superior tool for helping humanity to shift cultures. As we become more aware of the spectrum of human values and worldviews, we are capable of developing deeper insight into the core issues that are responsible for conflict or cohesion among people, groups, and cultures. When combined, each of these systems informs the other, allowing individuals to have a multi-dimensional understanding of their inner workings over their lifetimes and a broader view of the always evolving levels of consciousness operating within and without.
The Spiral Dynamics® system originated from the work of Dr. Clare Graves and has been elucidated since then by Drs. Don Beck, Chris Cowan and Natasha Todorovic, among others. This system describes a bio-psycho-social, double-helix, openended, emergent model of human consciousness that provides a new way of framing and understanding the forces of human interactions and behavior through stages of human development (Graves, 2002; Graves, 2005; Beck, 2006). These stages can be applied to individual, organizational and geo-political nation-state levels (Beck, 2006). The expression of the level of consciousness is a product of interaction between external conditions of existence and internal complex adaptive systems.
Eight basic levels or waves of human consciousness have been observed at this point, alternating "I" expressive and "We" sacrificing levels, divided into two tiers. In the first tier focus, there is conflict within levels and between levels. The second tier levels promote alternative, highly adaptive means of problem resolution. Each emergent level transcends the level before while also including the values, methods, and perspectives of the previous stages (Graves, 2002).
Spiral Dynamics® is an open-ended system, meaning that levels continue to emerge as humanity evolves. To date, seven levels of development have been clearly observed, studied, and documented (Graves, 2002; Graves, 2005; Beck, 2006). The eighth level of development is just now emerging, but not enough individuals have reached this level to accurately describe it yet. The image of the spiral is used because each level includes the values, skills, and mechanisms of the levels below it while becoming more adaptive, complex, and expansive (Beck, 2006). As we evolve through each of these stages, all previous levels of consciousness are still operating and can be expressed appropriately or inappropriately given the life conditions of the time, place, problems, and circumstances we face (Beck, 2006). These levels apply across different types of development, including the span of time of human evolution, the continued maturation of the individual from infancy through adulthood, the progression of societies, and the stages of corporate culture.