The embarrassing issue of humping
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Many dog owners will be familiar with the awkward scenario of their dog unexpectedly humping another dog, an inanimate object, or even a human leg. So why do dogs hump and should we do anything about it? Ross McCarthy, canine behaviourist of the London Dog Behaviour Company, answers some common questions on the subject
Is it sexually motivated?
Sometimes, but, depending on the age and gender of your dog, humping, as we call it, is most commonly an exploratory behaviour. It's governed primarily by initial excitement and touch in certain places that create arousal.
Essentially, it's a pleasurable activity for an excited dog, and it can become an embedded response in certain situations: while some dogs may run and grab a toy or slipper when you come home, others might go and mount their bed.
Why do my dogs tend to hump more when visitors come round?
It's not sexual – dogs just get excited at the change in the norm. So when visitors come, life is fun and exciting and they hump as a type of displacement behaviour, transferring their feelings about the event to something else.
It may also have something to do with your responses and those of the visitors: if a dog's excitement is stoked by all the attention and fuss that could be a reason to continue with the behaviour that incited the reaction.
My dog is neutered. Why does he still hump?
In purely biological terms, unneutered male dogs want to mate bitches in season – that's it. There are, of course, exceptions, such as when they get a scent that they like on someone or something. But the impulse is largely reserved for when they get that unmistakeable, innate mating message via scent.
Neutering helps to decrease the amount of testosterone (a sex hormone) in a dog's body, lessening the urge to mate, and therefore to hump. However, a certain amount of the hormone remains in the dog's bloodstream, meaning they'll continue to want to mate and, by extension, will continue to exhibit mounting behaviour.
Bear in mind, too, that humping is learned and practised from puppyhood (well before sexual maturity). It's a way for dogs to test out their physical abilities and social potential – more dominant members of the litter will assert themselves by mounting their siblings, thereby displaying leadership or dominance.
Why do female dogs hump?
It's common for female dogs to hump too, particularly in puppyhood (although not usually as much as males do). The reason is simple: it feels pleasurable to them and is simply an intrinsic behaviour, motivated by play and social interaction in the same way as it is for male dogs. Some dogs (of either gender) might hump in response to stress as well as excitement, so it's useful to watch your dog's humping habits to see if something in particular is agitating him or her.
What should I do about the humping?
Probably nothing. My 16-year-old neutered German Shepherd, Vhko, likes to try to mount my youngest Rottweiler, Rohkh, for a short while after their evening meal. Both dogs seem to enjoy the interaction, so I allow it to continue. I think if the routine included humans, I might put a stop to it, but if you have a puppy who's humping his bed or a toy, you should probably just leave him alone to get on with what is fundamentally a natural, normal canine behaviour.
However, humping can sometimes have an underlying medical cause, such as a urinary tract infection or skin allergy, so if the behaviour has come on suddenly or seems excessive, it's worth asking your vet about it – particularly if your dog is also spending a lot of time licking his or her genital area.
If you've ruled out a medical reason and are still concerned that the humping is getting out of hand or happens too frequently, you should use positive reinforcement training to stop the habit and teach an alternative response. A qualified behaviourist can help you to assess the situation and take the best course of action.
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The Analysis of Slice-Induced Factors in Golf Swing Using a 3D Motion Capture System
In golf, it is crucial that unintended shots, such as slices, be minimized. However, it has proven rather difficult to improve golf performance via investigations of the causes of slicing, as this particular phenomenon is induced by a cooperative effect by each segment of the body, rather than by a single postural anomaly. Thus, the objective of this study was to isolate and characterize the factors causing slicing, and to present possibilities for the improvement of golf performance via the minimization of the number of slices executed, using a three dimensional motion capture system, combined with multiple regression analysis, artificial neural network, and fuzzy logic techniques. This study obtained some interesting results, such as the following: (1) We isolated 9 slice-inducing factors, using a stepwise method. (2) Our artificial neural network (ANN) accurately separated'slice' from 'normal' shots (classification rate: 100%). (3)We could present the possibility of reducing the number of slice using the fuzzy logic. We expect that our data might be eventually used to improve golf performance.
Seung-Seok Lee, Joon Hyun Lee, Ik Keun Park, Sung-Jin Song, Man Yong Choi
T. Y. Sim et al., "The Analysis of Slice-Induced Factors in Golf Swing Using a 3D Motion Capture System", Key Engineering Materials, Vols. 321-323, pp. _PHONE_, 2006

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Multiple Alignment Format
The Multiple Alignment Format, described by UCSC, stores a series of multiple alignments in a single file. Suitable for whole-genome to whole-genome alignments, metadata such as source chromosome, start position, size, and strand can be stored. Biopython implements a MAF reader and writer accessible via Bio.AlignIO, and an indexer accessible via Bio.AlignIO.MafIO.
Biopython provides an interface for fast access to the multiple alignment of several sequences across an arbitrary interval: for example, chr10:25,079,604-25,243,324 in mm9. As MAF files are available for entire chromosomes, they can be indexed by chromosome position and accessed at random. This functionality is available in the class MafIO.MafIndex.
All examples below make use of the Multiz 30-way alignment to mouse chromosome 10 available from UCSC.
Creating or loading a MAF index
Indexes are created by determining the chromosome start and end position for a specific sequence name (generally a species), which must appear in every alignment block in the file. An index can be generated for only one species at a time. In whole-genome alignments generated by Multiz, the chromosome of one species is generally used as the reference to which other species are aligned. This reference species will appear in every block, and should be used as the target_seqname parameter. For UCSC multiz files, the form of species.chromosome is used.
To index a MAF file, or load an existing index, create a new MafIO.MafIndex object. If the index database file sqlite_file does not exist, it will be created, otherwise it will be loaded.
# index mouse chr10 from UCSC and store it in a file for later use from Bio.AlignIO import MafIO.MafIndex # idx = MafIO.MafIndex(sqlite_file, maf_file, target_seqname) idx = MafIO.MafIndex("chr10.mafindex", "chr10.maf", "mm9.chr10")
Retrieving alignments overlapping a given interval
The MafIO.MafIndex.search() generator function accepts a list of start and end positions, and yields MultipleSeqAlignment objects that overlap the given intervals. This is particularly useful for obtaining alignments over the multiple exons of a single transcript, eliminating the need to retrieve an entire locus.
# count the number of bases in danRer5 (Zebrafish) that align to the # Pcmt1 locus in mouse from Bio.AlignIO import MafIO.MafIndex as MafIndex idx = MafIndex("chr10.mafindex", "chr10.maf", "mm9.chr10") results = idx.search(, ) total_bases = 0 for multiple_alignment in results: for seqrec in multiple_alignment: if seqrec.id.startswith("danRer5"): # don't count gaps as bases total_bases += len(str(seqrec.seq).replace("-", "")) print "a total of %s bases align" % total_bases
Retrieving a pre-spliced alignment over a given set of exons
The MafIO.MafIndex.get_spliced() function accepts a list of start and end positions representing exons, and returns a single MultipleSeqAlignment object of the in silico spliced transcript from the reference and all aligned sequences. If part of the sequence range is not found in a particular species in the alignment, dashes ("-") are used to fill the gaps, or "N"s if the sequence is not present in the reference (target_seqname) sequence. If strand is opposite that in the reference sequence, all sequences in the returned alignment will be reverse complemented.
# convert the alignment for mouse Foxo3 (NM_019740) from MAF to FASTA from Bio import AlignIO idx = AlignIO.MafIO.MafIndex("chr10.mafindex", "chr10.maf", "mm9.chr10") multiple_alignment = idx.get_spliced([41905591, 41916271, 41994621, 41996331], [41906101, 41917707, 41995347, 41996548], strand = "+") AlignIO.write(multiple_alignment, "mm9_foxo3.fa", "fasta")
# find every gene on chr10 in the current UCSC refGene database, # retrieve its spliced multiple alignment, and write it to # a FASTA file in the current directory # # depends: MySQLdb import MySQLdb from Bio import AlignIO # connect to UCSC's live MySQL database mysql_conn = MySQLdb.connect(host = "genome-mysql.cse.ucsc.edu", user = "genome", passwd = "", db = "mm9") db_conn = mysql_conn.cursor(MySQLdb.cursors.DictCursor) # load MAF index idx = AlignIO.MafIO.MafIndex("chr10.mafindex", "chr10.maf", "mm9.chr10") # fetch all records on chr10 db_conn.execute("SELECT * FROM refGene WHERE chrom = 'chr10'") for record in db_conn.fetchall(): multiple_alignment = idx.get_spliced(map(int, record["exonStarts"].split(",")[:-1]), map(int, record["exonEnds"].split(",")[:-1]), strand = record["strand"]) print "writing %s.fa" % record["name"] AlignIO.write(multiple_alignment, "%s.fa" % record["name"], "fasta")

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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50 Simple Tools Used to Rebuild Haiti
Parts of this article were adapted from an article at Popular Mechanics
Rebuilding is an inevitable part of putting our lives back together after a disaster. When an emergency occurs, we need tools to build, repair and maintain our homes¬†to make them livable once more. Those who survived the¬†Haitian earthquake¬†know this all too well. We are all¬†familiar with the devastation that occurred with the Haitian earthquake, the lives lost and the reconstruction still taking place.
According to an article in Popular Mechanics, relief workers who responded to the disaster were asked to bring their own tools in order to rebuild parts of Haiti and they did so using 50 tools.¬†It is ironic that these tools played such a large role in the reconstruction of¬†this broken island. The tools used for reconstruction¬†not only created shelters for families, and areas for sanitation, but they gave the Haitians hope that one day their island would be restored.
In the backbreaking early stages of rubble removal, simple hand tools played a vital role in transporting and removing debris. Acquiring basic hand tools‚ÄĒshovels, axes and hammers‚ÄĒmeet immediate demolition needs and then take on a long-term role once construction resumes. The tools used in the first phase of reconstruction were:
1. Round point and square nose shovels, preferably heavy-duty variety with extra long blade socket.
2. Pick axe
3. Pulaski axe
4. Rig builder's hatchet
6. Bow saw
7. 24-oz. framing hammer
8. Sledge hammer
9. Digging bars, preferably both pointed and chisel tip varieties; crow bars.
10. Leather or synthetic work gloves
11. Protective eye wear
12. Hard hats
13. Dust masks
14. Contractor-grade wheel barrows
15. Bolt cutters
16. Large-diameter heavy-duty weatherproof rope; small-diameter light-duty line
17. Rope hoist/pulley, minimum 250-lb. capacity
18. Folding knife
Shelter construction was the next step in rebuilding Haiti. Simple sheds made of little more than lumber and nails can provide families secure shelter, a measure of sanitation and the stability to endure harsh weather. In the absence of fuel or electricity, fairly sophistication construction can begin with such basic hand tools as saws, braces and squares. The tools and materials used in the second phase of reconstruction were:
1. 8-point crosscut saw
2. Carpenter's pencil
3. Carpenter's square
4. Framing hammers and carpenter's hammers‚ÄĒsmaller sizes for various family members, in addition to the 24-ounce tool above.
5. 25-foot Metric/English tape rule
6. Bit Brace and a set of solid-center auger bits, ¬ľ inch through 1 inch
7. Utility knife, spare blades
8. High-tension hacksaw and selection of spare blades
1. 1/2 inch exterior-grade plywood, which has the structural stability to help frame out a building's wall.
2. 2 x 4 x 8 lumber by the pallet
3. 8-d common nails
4. 12-d and 16-d common nails
5. blue tarps in various sizes (5 x 7, 10 x 10, 12 x 20)
6. 6-mil plastic sheet, roll
7. 5-gallon plastic buckets
8. Self-stick roll roofing
Once the grid comes back up and¬†power and fuel become more widely available, electric or fuel powered tools will take the place of the simple, traditional tools. The power tools¬†tools will resupply Haiti's population of tradesmen or can equip volunteers aiding in relief efforts. These power tools are:
1. Rotary hammer and bits
2. Hammer drill and bits
3. Reciprocating saw and bi-metal blades
4. Chainsaw (with necessary tools and spare parts: gas cans, funnel, spare spark plug, bar and chain oil, gasoline, chain with carbide-tipped teeth, chainsaw chaps, chainsaw gloves).
5. Gas-engine driven welder/generator and selection of stick electrodes and accessories (welding mask, gloves, welding hammer, C clamps).
6. Right angle grinders and spare grinding wheels.
7. Portable concrete mixer, bags of ready-to-mix concrete.
8. Basic set of concrete and brick/block mason's tools, rock-working tools: float, trowel, brick/block trowels, plumb bob, brick set, mason's level, jointer, stone tracer, stone chisel.
9. Simple optical level, such as a builder's level or transit.
10. Basic electrician's tool kit (Haiti uses 110-volt power, the same as North America): side-cutting pliers, diagonal pliers, needle-nose pliers, electrician's multi-tool wire stripper/screw cutter, solenoid voltage tester, fork meter and spare AA batteries.
11. Metric/SAE tap and die set
12. Kerosene and kerosene lanterns, waterproof matches
13. Charcoal and charcoal grills
14. Chlorine bleach for water disinfection, Lifestraws or similar filtration tools, and refillable water bottles
15. Anti-bacterial soap, shop towels, and toilet paper.
Quite simply,¬†having these¬†tools and¬†equipment on hand¬†will help you operate in a non-technological environment. Investing in¬†quality tools could assist in rebuilding your home and lives more quickly and efficiently.¬†
A special thanks to all the relief workers who participated in rebuilding this island¬†and¬†giving¬†hope back to the Haitians. Your volunteerism¬†is a true act of kindness and a great example of the human spirit.
This information has been made available by Ready Nutrition
Author: Tess Pennington
Author's Web Site:
Made Available By: Ready Nutrition
Date: September 29th, 2011
Related Categories: Preparedness, Reserve Supplies, World News


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to analyze the results. Simple analyses can be done using Excel with Pivot Tables, histograms, and graphs, but more advanced statistical analyses will require the use of a statistical software package such as SPSS, SAS, Stata, or R. Stata is available to the MIT community on Athena, and R is open-source free software, but both systems have a learning curve. IR uses SPSS primarily and may be able to provide analysis of survey results for you, depending upon our schedule and availability. This service may have a fee associated.
Once your results have been analyzed, we urge you to share the results in a way that they are accessible to the community surveyed. We have found that by being transparent with our results, the populations we survey can see the value in answering our surveys. For example, see the IR Surveys page where we post overall summaries and results for each question on our surveys.
Our office is happy to provide guidance and assistance with answering your questions using a survey, designing a survey, or how to analyze or present results. Feel free to contact us with any questions.


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Why so blue? Colour change in the chameleon grasshopper (Kosciuscola tristis)
A project undertaken at the Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, and supervised by Marie Herberstein and Kate Umbers
Rapid colour change in insects is extremely rare, yet in Australia such colour change has evolved independently in two disparate lineages. In both the dragonfly genus Austrolestes and the grasshopper genus Kosciuscola, males are able to change colour reversibly from black to bright blue (Veron 1974, Key & Day 1954a, b;). Veron (1974) suggested the dark phase in Austrolestes assisted in thermoregulation at low temperatures but could not explain the bright phase. In Kosciuscola, this colour change is known to be controlled by changes in temperature (Key & Day 1954a, b; Figure 1), though its function remains unknown. Because this colour change is limited to one sex, it is possible that this trait may be under sexual selection. This hypothesis has so far not been tested. The aim of this project is to test the hypothesis that colour change of male K. tristis is a sexual signal. Bright males may gain a fitness advantage by being prefered by females or through detering rivals.
Three studies to date have focused on this unique temperature regulated colour change mechanism, most strikingly seen in male K. tristis (Filshie et al. 1975; Key & Day 1954a, b). Filshie et al. (1975) showed that colour change in male K. tristis is via an intracellular granule migration. Our intracellular images of female K. tristis show the same granule migration (Figure 2 in appendix) but further data suggest a masking pigment in the female cuticle that seems lacking in the male (Umbers unpbl). A male's colour rapidly changes from black below 10ºC to bright blue above 25ºC (Key & Day, 1954b; Umbers unpbl.). The reversal of this colour change is remarkably slower, up to five hours (Umbers unpbl.). Key and Day (1954b) suggested that this colour change offers a thermoregulatory advantage, by allowing foraging and mate-searching outside optimal temperatures. Our preliminary data show that the bright colour of K. tristis does not reduce heat loading whatsoever (Umbers unpbl.) as suggested previously (Key & Day 1954a, b). Surprisingly, no one has yet proposed a sexual signalling function for this colour change.
The objective of this project is to test if the colour blue and the ability to change from black to bright blue is a sexual signal in the chameleon grasshopper, K. tristis. This overall aim consists of the following hypotheses:
We will address these objectives using a combination of colour analyses, field observations and manipulative field and laboratory experiments.
Filshie B. K., Day M. F. & Mercer E. H. (1975) Colour and colour change in the grasshopper, Kosciuscola tristis Journal of Insect Physiology 21 _PHONE_
Key K. H. L. & Day M. F. (1954a) A temperature controlled physiological colour response in the grasshopper Kosciuscola tristis (Sjost) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) Australian Journal of Zoology 2 (3) 309-339
Key K. H. L. & Day M. F. (1954b) The physiological mechanism of colour change in the grasshopper Kosciuscola tristis (Sjost) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) Journal of Australian Zoology 2 (3) 340-363
Veron J. E. N. (1974) The role of physiological change in the thermoregulation of Austrolestes annulosus (Selys) (Odonata) Australian Journal of Zoology 22 457-69


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Cargo ships account for a massive amount of carbon emissions each year, so reducing emissions is a global priority. One of the easiest ways to do that is to reduce the weight of said cargo ships. A group of EU researchers have developed a new material that is tough, lighter than water and could cut ships' weight by as much as 30 to 50 percent while maintaining the payload capability. That would take the equivalent of 55 to 60 trucks' worth of CO2 out of the equation per ship.
The material developed by the researchers is a lightweight aluminum foam that expands like a sponge when exposed to high heat. The material is sandwiched between two sheets of steel and sealed with heat, resulting in a very lightweight and tough building material. Under stress, the material bends but doesn't break, making it ideal for traveling even through dangerous ice-packed waters.


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Students can only get credit for one of the following two modules: STK 120 or STK 121.
Analysis of variance, categorical data analysis, distribution-free methods, curve fitting, regression and correlation, the analysis of time series and indices. Statistical and economic applications of quantitative techniques: Systems of linear equations: solving and application. Optimisation, linear functions, non-linear functions. Marginal and total functions. Stochastic and deterministic variables in statistical and economic context: producers' and consumers' surplus. Supporting mathematical concepts. Statistical concepts are illustrated using simulation within a data science framework.
This module is also presented as STK 121, an anti-semester module. This is a terminating module.


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Most Active Stories
Tue October 4, 2011
Eating Meals With Men May Mean Eating Less
It turns out that the gender of your dining companions makes a big difference in what you eat and how much you eat. The new research on dining habits — although small — adds a new dimension to the study of risk factors for obesity, and could also shed new light on eating disorders such as anorexia.
Both men and women appear to choose larger portions when they eat with women, and both men and women choose smaller portions when they eat in the company of men, according to new research published in the Journal of Applied Social Psychology.
The study, conducted among a sample of 127 college students, suggests that both men and women are influenced by unconscious scripts about how to behave in each other's company. And, these scripts change the way men and women eat when they eat together and when they eat apart.
Molly Allen-O'Donnell, then a graduate student at Indiana University of Pennsylvania, wanted to find out if what we eat is influenced by our peers. Allen-O'Donnell sat at a popular college eatery and observed how much food people purchased for lunch and dinner.
"I sat in a table so I could see what people were purchasing without really being intrusive," she said.
Allen-O'Donnell then observed whether students ate alone or with company. If they sat in groups, she counted the size of the groups. After asking permission from the people she'd observed, Allen-O'Donnell also documented whether people sat with friends or romantic partners, and whether or not they thought themselves overweight.
While multiple factors were correlated with how much people ate, Allen-O'Donnell and her co-authors found that the gender of people's dining partners seemed decisive.
When women sat with other women, for example, they ordered an average of 833 calories. When they ate with men, on the other hand, they purchased only 721 calories on average.
Allen-O'Donnell and co-author Marci Cottingham at the University of Akron said in interviews that they expected women would choose to eat less food when they ate in the company of men, since cultural norms in the West tell women to peck at their food in the company of men.
Prior research has suggested that women's beliefs about what constitutes appropriate eating portions in the presence of men could be responsible in part for eating disorders such as anorexia.
The surprise was the men – think of a group of guys holding back on the wings at a tailgate party or a Superbowl pigout. But when men sat with other men, they ordered an average of only 952 calories. When they sat with women, they ordered 1162 calories.
Allen-O'Donnell and Cottingham also acknowledged it was possible that unconscious scripts about how much to eat were at work when people sat down to a meal with someone of their own sex, not just when people sat down with someone of the opposite sex.
None of the participants that Allen-O'Donnell spoke with said they were aware that the gender of their dining partners affected how much food they purchased.
The point of the research, the researchers said, was to get people to realize that context mattered — even when it comes to food. Once people were aware that they could be unconsciously influenced in their dining choices, they might make eating decisions more deliberately.


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Three years ago, BSR launched a partnership with Qualcomm Wireless Reach to amplify the outcomes of BSR's HERproject program in China through mobile technology. Our work together focused on enhancing HERhealth, the pillar of HERproject that aims to empower low-income women working in global supply chains to take charge of their health.
Through this collaboration, we developed a mobile app to digitize the HERhealth curriculum so that workers could conveniently access health information and a range of other features to improve access to health services, including a map of hospitals and clinics near the factories, and links to official websites where women can make doctors appointments online. We also interviewed representatives from companies participating in HERproject to both understand how they are currently using technology in their supply chain initiatives and identify perceived barriers and opportunities for using it in workplace engagement programs.
Here are some of our key takeaways:
- Mobile technology has clear benefits for workers and suppliers: Based on feedback from our HERhealth app, we know that workers value convenient access to health information and the ability to share content. 95 percent of workers we surveyed reported that the app helped them increase and retain the health knowledge they acquired through HERhealth. 51 percent reported that the app helped increase their confidence in using mobile technology. Mobile apps can also improve workers' access to financial resources, as well as raise awareness of important company policies. For employers, mobile applications and online surveys can help them collect information on workers' views and satisfaction levels.
- There is an opportunity to better capture the impact of these interventions: Most brands that use mobile technology in their supply chains do so to gather data from workers, enhance compliance processes, assess the impact of worker programs, or communicate simple messages using SMS. However, there seems to be a gap in translating whether the content shared or the data collected led to improvements in workers' lives.
- Gamification can be an incentive: A fun element can help incentivize workers to download and use mobile apps. Workers often do not have access to their phones during the workday, but an entertainment or competition feature can help encourage them to use educational applications during their free time.
- Lack of resources, support, and integration are obstacles to success: The greatest barriers to implementing and scaling technology-based programs are cost, resource intensity (including time involved to train users and factory management about the technology), low uptake among workers, lack of support from factory management, and difficulty integrating with other factory-based systems, e.g. training and compliance.
Although we still have more to learn about how to truly maximize the positive impacts of these solutions, we would recommend that companies contemplating these investments consider the following:
- Fully engage factory management from the start: Provide factory management with a comprehensive introduction to a mobile tool before introducing it, focusing on how the tool works and the value it can provide to the factory and to workers. This can also help prevent the perception that the tool is intended for monitoring or surveillance.
- Integrate mobile tools into existing channels used by workers: Several brands commented that mobile tools work best when they link to applications already widely used by workers, such as Facebook, WeChat, or WhatsApp. This can make the tools use feel more natural so they can become part of workers' normal daily behaviors.
- Keep content simple and clear: When using mobile technology or applications to push messages to or collect information from workers, content and questions should be simple and straightforward to ensure clear understanding by workers and management.
- Tablets or computer stations can be alternatives to mobile phones: In factories or countries where mobile smart phone proliferation is low, companies can consider providing tablets or computers as another vehicle to increase digital access. Brands can also consider donating used computers or partnering with technology companies to set up computer stations to encourage additional learning on topics important to workers.
- Partner with others to scale effective mobile technology solutions: The costs of developing new technologies and introducing them at scale in global supply chains are significant. Companies should research existing technology solutions that have been successful and identify peers with whom they can collaborate and share costs.
By creating a mobile app for factory workers in China, BSR and Qualcomm Wireless Reach have been able to improve workers' access to health information, creating value for workers and their employers. Have you used mobile technology to enhance worker engagement programs? We'd love to hear from you!


The wind can play a huge factor in where striped bass will be. Stripers are known for roaming a lot as the follow bait fish in open water. The wind can often help dictate where bait fish will be and the stripers will follow. If you fish for largemouth bass, you know that largemouths will often be found around cover and then they will go out and search for a meal here and there. Striped bass are completely different. They are often roaming around in open water and they usually try to stay near schools of bait fish so they can find a quick meal once they get hungry.


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The next time you're unfortunate enough to make your way to a hospital, emergency room, or urgent care clinic, you'll be asked to attach a small pulse monitor to your finger. The device the nurses clip on to one of your remaining digits is called a photoplethysmographic sensor, and basically it is able to read your pulse through reflected light. In the search to find out how these devices actually work, [Raj] sent in a great tutorial covering the theory behind photoplethysmographicy, and also built a simple device to detect a pulse without using a microcontroller.
These photoplethysmographic sensors operate by shining light into someone's flesh – usually a finger or ear lobe – and recording the light reflected back to the source. The volume of blood in the finger will have an effect on the amount of light reflected back, and makes for a perfect way to automatically measure someone's heart rate.
To build his device, [Raj] used a TCRT1000 reflective optical sensor. Inside this sensor is an infrared LED and a phototransistor. Of course with a finger over the sensor there is a ton of noise both from ambient light and the base rate of reflected light from a piece of flesh. [Raj] filtered this out, leaving only the small variations in the amount of reflected light, thus creating a very simple – and very inexpensive – electronic pulse meter.


x y w h, filename, index
 In addition to the styles shown in brackets for each type of
 control, you can also specify styles:
 disable - to disable the control
 hide - to hide the control
 group - to identify the start of a group
 result - to identify the control whose value will be used as
 the return value to the calling script when the dialog
 is closed by pressing the ok button.
 size setting can be over-ridden in the "init" event by using
 /dialog name x y w h.
 can prevent the dialog from closing if a user clicks the
 ok button by using /halt.
 Clicking certain controls in the dialog triggers the on dialog
 script event:
 on dialog:name:event:id: {
 echo $dname $devent $did
 triggering the event, and event can be:
 initialized in this event. id is zero.
 edit = text in editbox changed
 text in editbox of combobox changed
 sclick = single click in list/combo box
 check/uncheck of radio/check buttons
 click of a button
 dclick = double click in list/combo box
 The /did command allows you to modify dialog controls by id
 -f = set focus on id
 -t = set id as default button
 -e = enable id
 -b = disable id
 -v = make id visible
 -h = hide id
 -c = check checkbox/radiobutton list/combo line
 -u = uncheck checkbox/radiobutton list/combo line
 -r = clear all text in id
 -a = add line of text to end
 -d = delete Nth line
 -i = insert text at Nth line
 -o = overwrite Nth line with text
 /dialog -g name id [n] filename
 Note: you can mark a 3state checkbox as indeterminate by using
 both -cu switches.
 with the following formats and properties as appropriate to the
 control to which you are referring:
 Note: if used in a triggered event, "name" is optional.
 .text = returns line or Nth line
 .len = returns length of line or Nth line
 .lines = returns number of lines
 .sel = returns Line Number of Nth selected line
 if N is 0, returns number of selected lines
 .next = returns id of next control in tab order
 .prev = returns id of previous control in tab order
145.Added option in the Windows dialog to make the Editor dialog
 modeless ie. opens it as a desktop window, allowing editing of
 scripts while chatting etc.
146.$cb() should now process LF and/or CR delimited lines properly.
147.Made change to /unload command so that it will match the filename
 you specify with a loaded filename even if you don't provide a full
 path specification.
 now returns $null.
149.If you load/unload alias/popup/script files while the Editor dialog
 is open, the Editor now updates its current view accordingly.
24/07/1998 - mIRC v5.41
1.Fixed win32s under win3.x display bug in 32bit mIRC.
2.Fixed bug with private messages text-wrap when using ^ events.
3.Can now use %variables or $identifiers in the Perform Highlight words.
4.Can now do /dcc send nickname.
5.Fixed $sdir bug.
6.Fixed bug in auto-arrange/cascade/tile options.
7.Fixed SOCKS firewall support bugs.
8.Channel Central dialog now allows mode +h users on TS4 efnet to change
 the channel settings.
9./remove now tells you if you specified a non-existent file but doesn't
 halt processing.
10.Changed Channel central dialog behavior, no longer resets channel modes
 unless they've been changed.
11.Fixed bug in $calc() with very long strings.
12.Fixed bug in inactive DCC Chat windows, editbox allows you to copy text
 from it but entered text is not processed in any way.
13.$chan().ial now returns $true if the IAL is full, $false if it isn't, or
 $inwho if you sent a /who _TAG_ to the server to fill the IAL and the
 IAL isn't full yet.
14.Improved winsock error checking.
15.Fixed bug in /goto command where it was incorrectly reporting a "not
 found" error instead of a "duplicate name" error in some situations where
 you had duplicate goto names in a script.
16.Fixed bug in the remote events in %variables in remote event definition
 not being processed correctly if it evaluated to just #.
17.Fixed /renwin bug allowing you to rename a _USER_ to any name without
 the @ prefix.
18.Fixed $read bug when reading a line with only a space in it.
19.Fixed disappearing DCC windows bug.
20.Fixed bug with URL/Email catcher being turned off when using the Send
 To menu in the URL window popup menu.
21.Fixed bug with Status window not remembering MDI/desktop position.
22.Fixed editbox/listbox focusing bug.
23.Fixed BURC code stripping in IRC Switches not applying to channel topics.
24.Using the. prefix to hide /play command information now also hides the
 /msg command information when sending to a user/channel.
25.Fixed _USER_ listbox background colour bug not being reset when using
 colour control codes in text.
26.Fixed editbox processing bug in custom _USER_.
27.Fixed /ignore -x exclusion bug.
28.Fixed bug in on OPEN event, was preventing on TEXT/ACTION events from
 triggering if on OPEN was /halted.
29.Can now specify whether you want DCCs to go through the Socks Firewall
 or not.
30.Fixed /renwin bug, was halting scripts.
31.Fixed bug when processing $? in combination with $+ in some situations.
32.$findfile() and $finddir() in 32bit mIRC now maintain case of filenames.
33.Fixed bug with wave playing not working with certain sound drivers. Note
 that simple sound drivers eg. speaker driver, are very limited and don't
 support mIRC's queuing of sounds feature, etc.
34.Fixed /cline when colour not specified, sets to default colour.
35.Fixed ctcp event not processing wildcard ctcps, eg.
 ctcp 1:*ping*:echo $1-
36.Fixed DCC Send CTCP request not working with IRC clients that add an extra
 ID number to the CTCP message, mIRC v5.4 also uses this extra ID to identify
 DCC Send requests through a SOCKS firewall. If mIRC sees an ID but can't
 match it internally, it assumes it's not valid and processes the CTCP as a
 normal DCC Send request.
37.Improved handling of long filenames in commands: /dcc send, /unload, /mkdir,
 /loadbuf, /savebuf, /filter, and /window.
38.Fixed bug in /font command.
39.Extended various commands/identifiers/etc. that reference listboxes so that
 they can now process any number of selected lines.
40.Can now /clear -n with a picture window, where -n delays update of the display
 until you force an update (same as with other picture window commands).
41.Fixed bug in $iif(), remote identifiers in it where not being evaluated.
42.Added $inpoly(x,y,x1,y1,...,xN,yN) identifier which returns $true if x,y is
 inside the polygon made up of the specified points, otherwise $false.
43.Changed DCC server 150 and 151 replies, they now return "unavailable" and
 "rejected" instead of a nickname.
44.Added.dx and.dy properties to $window(), return the x and y position of
 a window relative to the desktop.
45.Changed $notify() so that it works with your whole notify list. Added
 .ison property, returns $true if user is on IRC, otherwise $false.
46.Fixed bug with status window receiving focus in certain situations.
47.Fixed bug in /write command when /writing to files that aren't on the same
 hard-disk as the mIRC exe file.
48.Fixed freezing bug in $dde, $read, and $readini when used within other
 identifiers in some situations.
49.The on DNS event is now triggered if you try to /dns a nickname that's not
 on IRC and the server replies with the "no such nickname" numeric.
50.Fixed bug in listbox windows eg. url/notify/channelslist/etc. when first
 opening, the background was first set to the main window background colour
 not the listbox colour, making the window flash.
51.Fixed bug in ip address having a space appended to it when looking up via
 the server method. Shouldn't have affected processing though.
52.Extended $mask() and all other mask-related commands/identifiers, so that
 you can now specify a type of 10 to 19 which correspond to masks 0 to 9,
 but instead of using a * wildcard to replace portions of an address,


number of frames multiplies quickly. I have witnessed a single ARP filling two OC-12 ATM links for 45 minutes (for non-ATM wizards, each OC-12 sends 622 Mbps in each direction; this is a total of 2.4 Gbps of traffic)! For those who have a hard time recognizing the obvious, this is bad.
As a final note, consider the impact of this broadcast storm on the poor users of Host-A and Host-B in Figure 6-2. Not only can these users not play Doom (a popular game on campus networks) with each other, they can't do anything (other than go home for the day)! Recall in Chapter 2, "Segmenting LANs," that broadcasts must be processed by the CPU in all devices on the segment. In this case, both PCs lock up trying to process the broadcast storm that has been created. Even the mouse cursor freezes on most PCs that connect to this network. If you disconnect one of the hosts from the LAN, it generally returns to normal operation. However, as soon as you reconnect it to the LAN, the broadcasts again consume 100 percent of the CPU. If you have never witnessed this, some night when only your worst enemy is still using the network, feel free to create a physical loop in some VLAN (VLAN 2, for example) and then type set spantree 2 disable into your Catalyst 4000s, 5000s, and 6000s to test this theory. Of course, don't do this if your worst enemy is your boss!
Bridge Table Corruption
Many switch/bridge administrators are aware of the basic problem of broadcast storms as discussed in the previous section. However, fewer people are aware of the fact that even unicast frames can circulate forever in a network that contains loops. Figure 6-4 illustrates this point.
Figure 6-4. Without STP, Even Unicast Frames Can Loop and Corrupt Bridging Tables
For example, suppose that Host-A, possessing a prior ARP entry for Host-B, wants to send a unicast Ping packet to Host-B. However, Host-B has been temporarily removed from the network, and the corresponding bridge-table entries in the switches have been flushed for Host-B. Assume that both switches are not running STP. As with the previous example, the frame travels to Port 1/1 on both switches (Step 2), but the text only considers things from Cat-1's point of view. Because Host-C is down, Cat-1 does not have an entry for the MAC address CC-CC-CC-CC-CC-CC in its bridging table, and it floods the frame (Step 3). In Step 4, Cat-2 receives the frame on Port 1/2. Two things (both bad) happen at this point:
 1. Cat-2 floods the frame because it has never learned MAC address CC-CC-CC-CC-CC-CC (Step 5). This creates a feedback loop and brings down the network.
 2. Cat-2 notices that it just received a frame on Port 1/2 with a source MAC of AA-AA-AA-AA-AA-AA. It changes its bridging entry for Host-A's MAC address to the wrong port!
As frames loop in the reverse direction (recall that the feedback loop exists in both directions), you actually see Host-A's MAC address flipping between Port 1/1 and Port 1/2.
In short, not only does this permanently saturate the network with the unicast ping packet, but it corrupts the bridging tables. Remember that it's not just broadcasts that can ruin your network.
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The American rich, who have frozen themselves for 52 years, should have resurrected in 2017. What's the result?
In order to achieve immortality, the American rich froze themselves for 52 years. Why didn't they revive in 2017?
Immortality is a familiar word for everyone. From ancient times to modern times, there are too many people who do anything to achieve immortality. People's life is limited. From the moment they are born to the moment they die, it is only a few decades. Even if someone lives to be more than 100 years old, they have already lost their big teeth.
An American tycoon uses frozen technology to achieve immortality
Since the improvement of science and technology, the food that people eat is nutritious and their life span can be extended. They can also extend their life span through various health preserving methods. However, the development of science and technology sacrifices too much environmental pollution, air emissions and so on, which are urgent problems. With the advancement of science and technology, human beings are trying their best to create a technology that can achieve immortality. 52 years ago, an American tycoon used a frozen human technology in order not to let himself die. It was supposed to thaw and resurrect in 2017 to achieve immortality, but the result is still disappointing. Can freezing really delay a person's life? Obviously, the answer is No. In order to achieve immortality, the American rich froze themselves for 52 years. Why didn't they revive in 2017?
In 1967, James Bedford suffered from an incurable cancer. He had a lot of money to spend. In order to keep himself alive, he invited many scientists to study the method of prolonging life, and finally developed the technology of freezing people. Although this technology breaks human's cognition, people can't be revived after thawing. In order to realize this dream, he has to spend a huge amount of money to the staff every year. Experts have been guarding him silently for more than 50 years, and finally failed.
The reason why the American rich didn't revive in the end
At present, science and technology are limited. It's totally against the common sense of nature to revive a person. If we can revive from the dead, then the world will change. From another point of view, if one can live forever, the burden on the earth will become greater and greater, the global population will only increase, the land resources will be more tense, and the energy consumption will make the earth unable to bear. This is just a luxury dream. Moreover, we will not allow the immortal creatures to live here, which has violated the survival law of nature.
People living in this world should not spend a lot of time to live forever, live a good life, create more value in their limited life, and do not waste their life. Although many people died in history, they always live in the hearts of the world, such as Edison, Einstein, Hawking and so on. Their contributions to the scientific community are full of praise.
If you want to achieve a real sense of longevity, you can be satisfied in spirit. Don't lose yourself for these illusory things, do more meaningful things every day instead of doing nothing, and find a way to live forever. Human beings are very lucky to be able to live on the earth. They should follow the survival rules of nature, otherwise most of them will not come to a good end. Do you think immortality can be realized? You can leave a message for interaction.
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I am not afraid of much. I can take snakes, spiders, rollercoasters, speaking in front of large audiences, and even doing my own taxes. But one thing that really gives me the shakes and makes me break out into a sweat is writing!
Why I write
Writing, however, is a crucial part of our research into family history. Here are three reasons why I encourage researchers to spend time writing:
1) Write to understand. Often we sort out the why, when, and who of a particular research problem in our own head. When we try to write it out, it gets difficult to explain. This may be because we are missing parts of our research that we didn't even realize. Start with writing out the problem, such as "Who are Evaline's parents?" Then write what you know, and how this problem is being addressed. You will find that you either are missing key points in your research, or sometimes that pieces fit together that you hadn't realized.
2) Write to analyze. Often, our research problem is not solved with one document that says, "Uriah Smith was the father of Evaline." In most research problems, we have to build a case to show why we believe that Uriah was the father rather than another candidate. You may end up using three censuses, a tax record, the brother's death certificate, and a probate record to "prove" your point, for example. Writing out the points of your case and how they fit together is called a "proof argument" by professional genealogists. It is easier for you to analyze the points of your argument in writing, rather than trying to piece it together later.
3) Write to communicate. You probably found other researchers who believe that your ancestor's parents were someone other than you have determined them to be. Online family trees could list Evaline's parents as Josiah, not Uriah, and have either no proof or other documentation to prove it. If you believe your research is sound, it is a great idea to attach an explanation of your findings (with footnoted source citations) to your own online family tree or to give to family. Not only does it lend credibility to your findings, but it can start some great conversations with other interested researchers.
Writing also helps you communicate with those who are less involved in the research process. Think about your children, siblings, cousins, and friends who may be thrilled to learn about your findings. If you keep the information in your head, or scattered in notes all over your office, how will they ever learn from all the hard work you put in?
There is no one way or style to use when writing your proof argument. The style will depend on the needs of the research. However, there are formats that you may choose from that are recognizable to the genealogical community. Check out articles in the National Genealogical Society Quarterly (NGSQ) or other scholarly genealogical journals. They can easily be found at many local libraries or Family History Centers, and will familiarize yourself with how others have presented a problem and shown their work. The book Professional Genealogy, edited by Elizabeth Shown Mills, has a great chapter on writing proof arguments. Even if you are not ready for scholarly-style writing, reading the case studies of other genealogists is a great way to learn.
Get over the mental block
As I said earlier, writing is a scary thing for me. But even scarier is the idea that all the work I have done could be gone if something happened to me. It is worth so much to me to respect my ancestors by sharing their stories and connecting them correctly to the people they loved. No matter the way you write, just write! Write what was found, not how you found it, and let your ancestor be the star.
And nothing is set in stone. Just because you write it one way doesn't mean you can't change it. I find I change the style of writing a little with each project, because each ancestor and research project are so different. The more you write, the easier it becomes.
Let us know at Reel Tributes how these ideas have helped your work. What else would you like to hear about? Send comments or emails, we'd love to hear from you.


text:
Some aspects of the energy balance closure problem
- Department of Micrometeorology, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
Abstract. After briefly discussing several reasons for the energy balance closure problem in the surface layer, the paper focuses on the influence of the low frequency part of the turbulence spectrum on the residual. Changes in the turbulent fluxes in this part of the turbulence spectrum were found to have a significant influence on the changes of the residual. Using the ogive method, it was found that the eddy-covariance method underestimates turbulent fluxes in the case of ogives converging for measuring times longer than the typical averaging interval of 30 min. Additionally, the eddy-covariance method underestimates turbulent fluxes for maximal ogive functions within the averaging interval, both mainly due to advection and non-steady state conditions. This has a considerable influence on the use of the eddy-covariance method.


Why Doctors Surgeries Fax Instead Of Email
While a fax machine may be outdated technology in comparison to a smartphone, for example, the prevalence of faxing in the workplace demonstrates the ongoing importance of this humble method of communication.
One would have thought that with the advent of email, businesses would cease using fax, opting instead for more cost efficient methods of communicating.
But it simply isn't as cut and dry as all that.
From regulation issues to limitations in technology to financial disincentives, there are many reasons why businesses prefer to fax, and doctors surgeries are a prime example of why fax is preferred over email.
Why fax instead of email?
You see, up and down the US, doctors surgeries, pharmacies, chemists and other healthcare providers routinely place medical records in their fax machine tray, dial in the recipient's number, cross their fingers the whole document will arrive in one piece (not truncated) and that there isn't a paper jam.
Why go to all this trouble when they could scan the medical record or prescription and email it to where it needs to go?
There are a few reasons why doctors surgeries fax instead of email:
1. Stick with what they know
Well, one of the reasons is that a large number of older medical workers, doctors, consultants, receptionists, are comfortable using the old technology. It's what they've always used to transfer medical records or to send prescriptions, for example. They've always faxed, so why fix something if it isn't broken?
2. Privacy and security
Fax is seen as a reliable and secure means of sending and receiving patients' medical charts and EKGs from hospitals to the doctor's surgery; to communicate with insurance companies; to send urgent prescriptions through to pharmacies; to transfer medical records between doctors' surgeries.
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) requires medical professionals to ensure a level of security when handling and transferring patients' sensitive medical information, to make sure it can't be compromised or viewed by unauthorized personnel.
HIPAA has decreed fax to be a secure method of sending and receiving such sensitive data, which is why it's the preferred transference method.
Health care providers have a responsibility of ensuring the safeguarding of patient's private information when sharing medical records, data, documents or prescriptions.
And because fax is considered an acceptable method of sending medical results, as well as test results, medical instructions and treatments, it's the go-to communication choice, where email is not.
3. Email is not secure
Why not email? Because it is considered an insecure means of communicating. Email is viewed as too susceptible to hacking. And when you're tasked with handling such sensitive information as a patient's personal medical records, faxing is the more secure option.
This might seem like the end of the story, but actually, there's the small issue of fax machines being outlawed in the UK, as well as the Obama administration's push to digitize the US's medical records to take into consideration.
So if the medical profession can't use the traditional fax machine and all medical records are going online, what secure method can doctors surgeries use to ensure security when sharing medical records?
Online faxing.
The problem with traditional fax machines
As we mentioned above, medical professionals around the world rely on fax to transfer medical records and all the documents and data contained therein.
There is no better platform for transmission – fax still remains the best, and most legally binding way to send a document instantly, as other methods of transmission, such as email, aren't usually admissible in the eyes of the law.
When it comes to getting a legally binding signature, or signing off important medical documents, or getting a prescription filled quickly, or transferring medical records, fax is the one stop immediate solution.
But the problem with the old fashioned fax machine is that they simply aren't equipped to handle the demands of the modern workplace. More specifically, when faxing is as critical as it is in healthcare, you need to use a fax service that is reliable, secure and more importantly, HIPAA compliant.
And traditional fax machines aren't up to scratch.
– They aren't private.
– They don't guarantee the security of confidential patient information.
– They don't have the requisite security protocols nor do they have end to end encryption.
– They present a weakness in your IT system, offering hackers a way into your network.
– They also result in files going missing or being stolen or falling into the wrong hands.
– And when a fax sits in the tray until someone picks it up, any number of unauthorized personnel can view it.
So what can medical professionals do? How can healthcare professionals continue to fax when the fax machine as we know it is resigned to the scrap heap?
We'll say it again – online faxing.
Advantages of online faxing
The advantages of online faxing over outdated fax machines are innumerable. A few contenders include:
– With cloud-based fax you can send documents from anywhere, to anywhere.
– It's HIPAA compliant.
– Its high grade SSL, end to end encryption ensures no one other than the sender or the receiver has access to the faxed documents.
– It's paperless, saving you money and the environment.
– All you need are a mobile device with a camera and you can fax and go.
– It allows you to fax even when WFH.
– It has electronic signature, negating the need for a wet ink signature.
Can your email offer all that?


text:
Frequently asked question pages have not yet been formulated for this section.
However, a Weed Identification Library has been developed by Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba.
This library focuses on weeds of agricultural significance but most are also found in the home landscape.
The images and biology will assist in identifying weed species.
The controls listed are intended for cropping situations and may not be appropriate for the home landscape.
To access this library click here.


text:
Why Do Beautiful Women Sometimes Marry Unattractive Men?
It may be that the unattractive man has a lot of money, or some other compelling attribute.
But a new study by Satoshi Kanazawa, an evolutionary psychologist at the London School of Economics, suggests it may be a simple supply-and-demand issue: there are more beautiful women in the world than there are handsome men.
Why? Kanazawa argues it's because good-looking parents are 36% more likely to have a baby daughter as their first child than a baby son — which suggests, evolutionarily speaking, that beauty is a trait more valuable for women than for men. The study was conducted with data from 3,000 Americans, derived from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, and was published in the Journal of Theoretical Biology.
According to this news article, "Selection pressure means when parents have traits they can pass on that are better for boys than for girls, they are more likely to have boys. Such traits include large size, strength and aggression, which might help a man compete for mates. On the other hand, parents with heritable traits that are more advantageous to girls are more likely to have daughters."
Beauty is apparently just one "female" trait. Kanazawa has done previous research suggesting that nurses, social workers and kindergarten teachers — those with "empathic" traits — also had more daughters than sons. Meanwhile, he found that scientists, mathematicians and engineers are more likely to have sons than daughters.
It is good that Kanazawa is only a researcher and not, say, the president of Harvard. If he were, that last finding about scientists may have gotten him fired.
(Hat tip: Nadine Groney)


Tax Specialists for Expats & Startups in America
Book your free consultation today
Accidental Americans
Are you an accidental American? At first, this may sound like a silly question. After all, a German person knows he is German, a Japanese person knows she is Japanese, and so forth. How could someone who has never lived in the United States and who does not identify with the United States, still be considered American by the U.S. tax authorities?
If you were born in the United States and/or hold a U.S. passport or green card, you will be considered an American for tax filing purposes in the United States.
In fact, there are numerous scenarios under which one would be considered a resident for tax purposes in the United States, even if they do not live in the U.S. or do not spend much time there:
 - A person born in the United States and/or holding a U.S. passport
 - A person possessing a U.S. green card
 - A person with at least one parent who is a U.S. citizen
By U.S. Department of State estimates, there are nearly 9 million Americans living overseas. Normally, this would not be an issue, because most countries do not tax based on citizenship. However, the United States taxes its citizens globally, which means, if one is considered a U.S. person, they must file income taxes reporting their worldwide income, and, in some scenarios, also file estate and gift tax returns.
What's more, a person considered a U.S. tax resident must also report ownership of their foreign bank accounts and pension accounts, not to mention any ownership in foreign corporations that is greater than 10 percent of the entity, as well as ownership of foreign mutual funds, among other reporting requirements.
To further complicate matters, many people who may be considered U.S. persons for tax purposes and have U.S. tax filing obligations will need to obtain a tax identification number in order to file a tax return. Obtaining a tax ID number such as a Social Security number or individual tax identification number (ITIN) requires documentation (such as a birth certificate) to be provided and special forms to be submitted along with their tax return. For someone living outside the United States, this may be a challenge, as they may need to submit a Form W-7 to obtain a tax ID number with an acceptance agent certified by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). To date, there are no more than a handful of acceptance agents in the entire country of Australia, for instance, so even doing this presents challenges.
Given that these challenges exist, what if one finds out they have a U.S. tax filing obligation but does nothing about it? What are some of the penalties associated with non-compliance in U.S. tax matters? In addition to the failure-to-file penalty (which occurs when one does not file a tax return or files a late tax return), failure-to-pay penalty (which occurs when one files a tax return but does not pay the tax owed on a timely basis), and interest charged on the amount of tax owed, there are numerous penalties associated with not reporting foreign assets, such as bank accounts.
For instance, if the non-compliance is deemed non-willful, the penalty for not filing a Form FinCEN 114 (also colloquially known as the FBAR) to report foreign bank accounts can be $10,000 per year per account. If the non-compliance is deemed willful, the penalty can be up to 50 percent of the account balance. If the non-compliance is deemed to be a criminal rather than a civil case, the penalty can be up to $250,000 and 5 years in prison. Further, as part of the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA), foreign financial institutions are required to share with the IRS information on their American clients, or face penalties themselves.
Therefore, if you were born in the United States, even if you do not live there or have never lived there, but you have not filed a U.S. tax return, you may currently have a tax filing obligation. Further, you may also have a potential filing obligation if at least one of your parents is American and they hold assets such as property, or they have gifted a certain amount of money or property to you.
In these sorts of scenarios, you may very well be in non-compliance with U.S. tax obligations and will likely require the assistance of a professional well-versed with helping Americans get back on track with their tax filing obligations while minimizing or eliminating any risk exposure and penalties.
If you are an accidental American, and you have not filed tax returns or reported foreign assets, you may currently be "off the grid", but you only have one shot at getting back on the grid. We recommend you engage the services of a qualified tax professional experienced in dealing with U.S. expat tax matters.
The Asena group of companies and its partner firms specialize in assisting U.S. taxpayers living overseas with their tax filing obligations in a professional, courteous, and kind manner. Please get in touch with us today for a no-obligation consultation to determine whether you may have U.S. tax filing obligations.


text:
The posterior eye is a complex biomechanical structure. Delicate neural and vascular tissues of the retina, choroid, and optic nerve head that are critical for visual function are subjected to mechanical loading from intraocular pressure, intraocular and extraorbital muscles, and external forces on the eye. The surrounding sclera serves to counteract excessive deformation from these forces and thus to create a stable biomechanical environment for the ocular tissues. Additionally, the eye is a dynamic structure with connective tissue remodeling occurring as a result of aging and pathologies such as glaucoma and myopia. The material properties of these tissues and the distribution of stresses and strains in the posterior eye is an area of active research, relying on a combination of computational modeling, imaging, and biomechanical measurement approaches. Investigators are recognizing the increasing importance of the role of the collagen microstructure in these material properties and are undertaking microstructural measurements to drive microstructurally-informed models of ocular biomechanics. Here, we review notable findings and the consensus understanding on the biomechanics and microstructure of the posterior eye. Results from computational and numerical modeling studies and mechanical testing of ocular tissue are discussed. We conclude with some speculation as to future trends in this field.
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text:
IS AVAILABLE FOR ADOPTION. If you are interested in hosting it, please contact
My name is Gayle Triller and I am the temporary county coordinator for Jackson County. If you have any corrections or additions for this site please email me.
The first settlers were loggers, lured here by the white pine that was in abundance in the county. And, as with most of Wisconsin's early settlers, they came from the eastern states. When the logging camps closed, the farmland enticed a new kind of settler, the farmer, the first of which was Robert Douglas, a Scotsman who settled here in 1839. Farming includes cranberries, sphagum moss and strawberries. Other industries include the mining of iron ore. The first newspaper, the Badger State Banner printed its first issue in 1856.
As with many areas of Wisconsin there was a large influx of Old World immigrants and as their populations grew, the traditions they brought with them to their new homeland created a diverse cultural history is still found today.
|Links||Lookups and Resources|
Trempeleau Monroe Juneau Wood LaCrosse


text:
Utah Water Science Center
ABOUT THE UTAH WSC
USGS IN YOUR STATE
USGS Water Science Centers are located in each state.
Modeling Se Mixing in South Shore of Great Salt Lake
The south shore area of Great Salt Lake (GSL) has been under increasing scrutiny by concerned citizens and State and Federal regulators, because of current and future selenium inputs to this part of the lake ecosystem. Recent investigations indicate that this part of GSL consistently receives discharge with elevated concentrations of selenium from natural and anthropogenic inflows. Water with elevated concentrations of selenium has been observed at surface seeps along the south shore of GSL and immediately offshore. In addition to the present inputs, an additional anthropogenic selenium input for the south shore area is in the final permitting phase. To date (2011), no information exists on how selenium concentrations may or may not persist in the south shore mixing zone as a function of varying lake conditions or on how the concurrent input of maximum daily selenium concentrations from new anthropogenic sources could influence the selenium concentration in the open-water areas of GSL within the south shore mixing zone.
The objective of the proposed study phase is to assess the movement, mixing, and extent of the KUCC discharge plume in the GSL south shore mixing zone and Se concentrations within the plume.
RELEVANCE AND BENEFITS
The proposed study supports the goals of the U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Water Program to support local, State, and Tribal science needs and management decisions. The study will provide the Utah Department of Forestry Fire and Lands and other resource managers with important information on the water chemistry of the south shore of Great Salt Lake toward meeting that agency's charge to manage the lakes resource for multiple use and sustained yield.
The study will (1) utilize dye tracing techniques to map the vertical and horizontal movement of an elevated selenium discharge stream as it enters and mixes along the south shore of GSL, and (2) utilize results from objective 1 to calibrate a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model to simulate the vertical and horizontal movement of this plume as it enters and mixes along the south shore of GSL.An autonomous underwater vehicle equipped with an onboard fluorometer and other water-quality sensors will be used to map, in three dimensions, the progress and relative concentration of the plume into the open water of GSL.
Project products include:


text: prepared circuits, transducers, framesstudy about asynchronous acoustic pulse patterns and material reaction to sound pressure. three pulse-generator circuits are disposed in vertical distribution on frames to represent the pulse in the time domain. the circuits generate periodic pulses at different frequencies, creating irregular patterns through an asynchronous overlapping of regular pattern layers. the frame is the material through which sound is diffused, its dimension change the pulse timbres. the length of the frame is directly proportional to the pulsation frequencies, it's a representation of the time domain.


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I'm curious what the precise definition of the moduli space of a QFT is. One often talks about the classical moduli space, which then can get quantum corrections. Does this mean the quantum moduli space is something like the set of minima of the effective potential in the 1PI action (or does the 1PI action already presume a choice of vacuum?)? Is there a non-perturbative definition, without referring to field configurations or effective actions (eg, how do we define it in string theory, where there are no fields)? Maybe it can be identified with some submanifold of the (projective) Hilbert space? Can the metric or other structure be defined in such an invariant way?
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1 Answer 1
The most accurate and most quantum definition is that it is the set of all maximally symmetric states (preserving the spacetime symmetries of the flat space or de Sitter space or anti de Sitter space if one allows gravity) in the extended Hilbert space – or one connected component of such a space. By the extension, I mean the formal union of all the superselection sectors.
Equivalently, one may consider the moduli space in QFT to be the set of all superselection sectors that include the maximally supersymmetric ground state.
It just happens that one may associate each such maximally symmetric state with a stationary point (minimum) of the effective action and it is indeed the 1PI effective action. We also talk about the Wilsonian, low-energy effective actions which are conceptually important but they're not an accurate tool to describe the moduli spaces; see some uncontroversial comments about the "right effective action to be used" written by my ex-adviser in his otherwise controversial paper
It's often the case that we know exactly what decides about the fate of the moduli space. In most cases, the theory admits a classical limit and the true moduli space has to be a "deformation" of the classical moduli space – the set of solutions to the classical equations. However, the potential may be modified by quantum corrections that may lift the degeneracy and lower the dimension of the Hilbert space (or set it to zero).
Also, as the ${\mathcal N}=2$ supersymmetric gauge theories show, the quantum effects may introduce monodromy and change the topology of the moduli space etc.
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Thanks for the answer. So let me see if I understand. A point in moduli space is associated to certain superselection sectors, which in turn are classically associated to the asymptotic values of the fields. In some of these sectors there is a vacuum state (annihilated by the poincare generators), with excitations above it described by the effective theory about that point in moduli space. Perturbatively, one finds a saddle point with the given asymptotic behavior and quantizes perturbations around it. Still a little confused about what the superselection sectors are quantum mechanically. – user6013 Apr 25 '12 at 1:10
Right! And concerning the last question, superselection only make sense quantum mechanically. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superselection_sector – Luboš Motl Apr 25 '12 at 4:04
Your Answer


¿Cuánto tiempo después de la epidural nace el bebé (y por qué)?
Respuesta exacta: dos o tres horas
Epidural is a kind of anesthetic that is used on women in labor. The chemical concoction of the epidural formula helps assuage the pain of the contractions felt by the pregnant woman. It is the most well-known and familiar pain relief intravenous injection that laboring moms either ask for or are offered by the medical staff in the hospital delivery rooms.
As an inducing agent, Epidural works quite effectively in laboring moms. It can streamline the delivery process by a good number of hours. Once the drip is started, active labor may begin and end within four to six hours. Only in certain specific cases, Epidural takes longer to work than this upper time frame.
How Long After Epidural Does Baby Come?
Pregnancy is a glorious phase in a woman's life. Her body goes through many changes to give birth to a new one out of herself. Apart from the care during pregnancy, a woman also needs to detect her pregnancy at the earliest. Early detection of pregnancy is very beneficial. It indicates the woman to take proper care of herself. It even prepares her for the gestation period. The gestation period demands extra care and attention from all the family members. There are cases in which the family, most notably the mother, has to go through the trauma of losing a baby due to negligence.
An epidural injection is pushed into the lower back of the laboring mother. It usually contains an anesthetic and an opioid like fentanyl. After this procedure is completed, the pregnant woman is asked to rest on her back, letting gravity distribute the medicine evenly. Within fifteen to twenty minutes, the lower back and surrounding regions become numb and pain-free. This helps women manage the pain of epidural-induced contractions. Medically induced labor is rigorous because it helps speed up the process of delivery. To manage this pain, relief medications are administered. Doctors tend to use an epidural as soon as possible after the drip because it helps assuage the pain of the contractions by numbing the area.
Condición de la madreTime After Epidural For Baby To Come
First ChildDos a tres horas
Subsequent ChildUna hora
The baby comes shortly after the epidural. If this is the first child of a woman, then the baby comes in two to three hours after epidural. In contrast, when a woman has a subsequent child, then one hour is sufficient for the baby to come after epidural.
¿Cuánto tiempo después de la infección urinaria puedo tomar café (y por qué)?
Why Does It Take That Long After Epidural For Baby To Come?
There are various signs and symptoms of pregnancy. The most common one is the missing of the regular periods. In cases of sexually active women, the signs of the missed period indicate pregnancy. Generally, the test done after the missed period yields the best results. But then, it even depends on the body of the mother. If her body may be unable to produce enough hormones, the test results may be altered. Therefore, if the women go for a test after missed periods to find negative results, she should repeat the tests after regular intervals.
During the initial days of pregnancy, the woman's body undergoes a hell of a lot of hormonal changes. Due to the spike in progesterone levels, the woman may get tired soon. She would prefer to take frequent naps to boost her energy levels. However, these symptoms of fatigue fade away as the woman advances to her second trimester just before the delivery epidural is performed. The mother feels stable, and the procedure is not very much painful for the mother.
It takes that long after the baby to come after epidural because the baby needs to be in the proper position to take it out. So it takes time to align the baby in the right direction and take it out.
Overall, it can be concluded that inducing labor with an epidural can help streamline the delivery process. This is especially true for women who do not want to suffer through the pain of contractions for fourteen to eighteen hours. Thus, epidural does aid in truncating the time taken to deliver the baby. However, it also causes severe contractions.
On average, the baby comes out after two to three hours of epidural. Most first-time mothers opt for an epidural as it helps relieve the pain of contractions. Epidurals are only banned from use under certain specific conditions. Otherwise, they are administered as soon as the drip is started.
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text:
Browse the Template Center to find a pre-made template or create templates from your most frequently-used items.
What you'll need
- Templates are available on every plan.
- Guests can access Doc, task, view, checklist, and Whiteboard templates.
Create a template
Save tasks, Docs, and views as templates to apply an established format to new Workspace items.
Use the Template Center
The Template Center is a library of both pre-made templates and templates you've saved! You can also find templates created by members of your Workspace or the ClickUp community.
Customize a template
Customize an existing template to keep your workflows current.
Create and apply tags to organize your templates. You can filter the Template Center by tags to find a specific template.
You can also filter templates by department or creator. In the upper-right corner of the Template Center, click the Departments or Create By dropdown to filter.
Add a preview image to a template
You can add preview images to templates that are in your Template Center library to give your teammates a clue about the template's use case.
To add a preview image:
- Open a template.
- Click browse and select a file or drag and drop a file into the preview area.
Set a default task template for a List
Remap dates when applying templates
When you create a Space, Folder, or List template, you can choose to save their tasks' start and due dates when setting the template Import options.
When you apply the template, you can choose to use the original task start and due dates or remap them. Instead of manually updating every task, all your tasks will be updated when the template is applied.
Remap subtask due dates
Enable the Remap Subtask Due Dates ClickApp to automatically change subtask due dates by the same amount their parent task is changed.
For example, if you move the parent task due date back five days, all subtask dates will also be moved back five days.
Template Center Activity Log
View the templates you have created, merged, and applied in your Workspace.
Templates are merged when applied to an existing task.
To access the Activity log, from the Template Center:
- In the left sidebar, click Activity Log.
- Browse the templates you've created, merged, and applied throughout your Workspace.
To find specific template activity, from the Activity Log:
- Click the column headings to sort template activity.
- Search for specific templates using the Filter at the top right.
To troubleshoot templates using the Activity Log:
- Hover over error in the status column to see why the template wasn't created, merged, or applied.
- Hover over the date & time value for each item in the Activity Log to see how long it took to create, merge, or apply the template.
- The first timestamp is when the activity started, and the second timestamp is when the activity was completed.


text:
Network Monitoring and Scanning
Phirelight will deliver on-demand, point-in-time, network situational awareness, providing visibility into every IP asset, host, node, and connection, utilizing active techniques to index the network. The result is a comprehensive view of the entire routed infrastructure.
Phirelight will scan using a variety of techniques in order to index a network, similar to how an Internet search engine analyzes websites to index the World Wide Web. This indexing is comprised of Network Discovery, Host Discovery, Device Profiling, Service Port Discovery, Leak Path Discovery and Enhanced Perimeter Discovery, allowing network and security managers to accurately visualize what's on the network, drilling down to analyze potential areas of risk, and identify appropriate preventive action and remediation.


text: Many studies show a relationship between milk intake and conception. A team of researchers in the United States and Finland report that in areas where milk consumption is highest, women tend to experience the sharpest age-related falloff in infertility. Milk has also been linked to menstrual cycle irregularities, early menopause, pre-menstrual syndrome, and recurrent vaginal yeast infections. Galactose, a sugar found only in milk, is harmful to ovarian function and to the developing, unfertilized egg. Some doctors also recommend avoiding all soft cheese products because the production process doesn't involve pasteurization. This results in the presence of the bacteria lysteria, which can cause miscarriage.


text:
Grease separators are used to capture grease present in the effluent, through flotation process.
Techneau offers 3 types of grease separators
- In rotomoulded polyethylene,
- in stainless steel,
- in polyester.
Standards NF and CE
The grease separators are subject to CE marking and should fulfil the conditions set out in ZA Annex of the standard EN 1825-1 and EN 1825-2.
The working principle is based on:
- The gravity separation of heavy materials ("sludge"),
- The flotation of greases
0.95 density greases rise to the surface while the heavy material density 1 settle to the bottom of the unit.
The contaminated water arrives through the input pipe (1); equipped with a baffle to calm the effluent, thus avoiding mixing and resuspension of settled sludge and grease (2).
The sludge settles in the sludge trap (3) and the buffle (4) traps greases in the unit.
- The sludge :
This compartment is located upstream of the separation chamber. It is intended to trap heavy matter (sludge).
- The separator
The size of the separation chamber must meet the following criteria (as defined in the norm):
|Minimum area||Minimum||Minimum storage|
volume in m3
|0,25 x TN||0,24 x TN||0,04 x TN|


text:
Hand gesture and electronic circuit for sonification of drawing
Drawdio – Jay Silver's original designed kit. It's the contemporary electronic tool for drawing music.
How does the drawing look like made by Drawdio?
Metaphorically, growing-drawing are growing like plants, instead of water there is a sound which stimulates growing of the drawing.
Interface Cultures, Kunstuniversität Linz
The experience of drawing action with Drawdio is significant for the flow of electronic sounds. The sound was controlling the outcome of drawing in a process and has priority over the hand gesture. Therefore, lines are an expression of the sound through the motion of the hand gesture.
The process of sonically drawn lines; the abstract form of drawing process, a hand is following an electronic sound, the electronic circuit is triggered by graphite's conductivity and skin; hands gestures draw and close the circuit simultaneously.


Skip to content
Minimalism – My kids can't mess up what doesn't exist
A work colleague of mine reminded me recently of an effective way of solving problems using a minimalist approach.
In her house, she had a serious of hooks on the wall. Over time, these hooks became the final resting place of anything her family was carrying that didn't have an immediate home. My colleague was feeling frustrated with the situation and with the mess so she took a very straightforward but effective approach. She removed the hooks. With nowhere to just hang random items, things began being put away and the area where the hooks had been became clear and looked and felt a lot better.
I've found the same thing in my own house with surfaces. My children are naturally attracted to leaving their toys, books, cups and pretty much everything on any surface or shelf in the house that's available. The solution we accidentally stumbled across, apart from encouraging them to be less messy in the long term, was the effect of reducing unnecessary surfaces from the house. Our minimalist activities have resulted in a lot less places to leave things. With less surfaces, the mess left on them builds up faster and is more obvious. It's also faster to clean up. When we had more surfaces, the kids could spread their mess far and wide and it took longer to realise it was getting out of hand. It's also made the kids naturally tidier as they tend to put their things away more often so are now building better habits.
By taking a leaf from my clever colleague's book next time you find an area frustrating or messy, consider what would happen if there was nothing in that area to mess up in the first place.
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text:
When it comes to programming in Java, choosing the right font can make a big difference in your coding experience.
A font that is too small or difficult to read can lead to eye strain and fatigue, while a clear and legible font can help you focus and work more efficiently.
Are you looking to spice up your Java code with bold and beautiful font colors? We will explore the world of Java font colors and how they can be used effectively to make your code stand out. We will cover everything from understanding fonts and FontMetrics to utilizing the Font Class Constructors.
Along the way, we'll also delve into implementing colors in Java, common mistakes to avoid when using font colors, tips for customizing them, and which Java font color is best for you. To top it all off, we'll provide examples of how to use font colors in Java that are sure to impress. So buckle up and prepare for a colorful journey through Java fonts!
How To Using Java Font Colors Effectively
To effectively use Java font colors, it is recommended to select colors that complement your website's branding instead of the primary keyword 'Java font colors'. Using contrasting colors, such as text on a light background or vice versa, for better readability is necessary.
But one should avoid employing too many different font colors leading to a cluttered website. Furthermore, considering the emotional response different colors evoke in users is critical. Finally, testing various color schemes helps decide which works best for your design and audience. Other secondary keyterms include 'background color,' 'text color,' 'serif,' 'italic,' 'font styles,' and more.
For example, if you wanted to change the text color of a JLabel object to red, you would use the following code:
JLabel label = new JLabel("Hello World");
Using the Color constructor, you can also create custom colors by specifying the red, green, and blue values. Remember that choosing appropriate colors is important for readability and accessibility purposes. It's always a good idea to test your color choices with different backgrounds and lighting conditions to ensure they are easy on the eyes.
Understanding Fonts And Font Metrics
Fonts are an essential component of a website or application design. Java offers an array of default fonts, while you may create new ones with font files. The Font Metrics class details size, spacing, and alignment for fonts.
With the Font class's numerous constructors, you can opt for various styles and sizes of fonts. Appropriate use of font colors can increase readability while highlighting crucial data. When picking the right font style and color, it helps to consider branding and platform uniformity.
Utilizing The Font Class Constructors
You can utilize the Font class constructors to specify font family, size, and style in your Java program. Additionally, to set the color of the text in a font, you can use the Set Color() method. You can specify colors using RGB values or pre-defined constants in the Color class. These features allow you to create visually stunning and attention-grabbing designs for your user interfaces or graphics applications.
Implementing Colors In Java
When implementing colors in Java programs or applications like HTML and XML files or operating systems like Linux or Windows 95, it's crucial to understand how the built-in Color class works. You can easily set the default or new font color by setting the foreground or background color with methods like setText() or setBackground().
Additionally, you could use different font styles, which would be useful while designing different components of your project. The default font used on most Java programs is a serif, but you can change it according to your liking. Overall when designing an application, you should always consider picking appropriate fonts and color schemes.
Console Output Of Font And Color
Console output in Java can be customized using font colors, making your application or program more visually appealing and easier to read. There are various ways of incorporating colors in Java console output, but one of the most popular methods is using escape sequences with the System.out.println() method.
These escape sequences can be combined to create different colors for text in the console. For instance, "\u001B[31m" changes the font color to red, while "\u001B[32m" changes it to green. Testing your code in different environments is essential, as not all consoles support font colors.
Utilizing XML To Implement Colors
Developers can utilize XML to implement customized color schemes for their Java applications. The flexibility of using XML markup language allows for the easy creation of complementary color schemes that can be altered with ease in the future.
Consistency in the application's use of colors will improve its usability and aesthetic appeal. Using these techniques, developers can take their Java program to new heights while providing users an engaging experience.
Common Mistakes In Using Font Colors
To ensure that your readers are not distracted from your content while using Java Font Colors, avoid committing common mistakes; use a consistent color scheme throughout the website or document so that it does not look clumsy.
Also, refrain from relying only on colors to convey information, as some users may have visual impairments. Instead of starting with the primary key term 'Java Font Colors', ensure that your text contrasts well with the background color for better readability. Testing your font colors on various devices and screens will guarantee they appear just like you envisioned.
Tips For Customizing Java Font Colors
Customizing Java font colors requires careful consideration of the color scheme to create a visually appealing and cohesive design. It's important to consider the contrast between the background and font color for readability purposes.
While using bright colors can be useful for emphasis, using them sparingly and strategically is essential. Testing your color choices on different devices and browsers is recommended to ensure they appear as intended in all circumstances. Following these guidelines, you can create an aesthetically pleasing user interface that complements your overall design.
Which Java Font Color Is Best For You?
The best Java font color for you depends on your project's overall design and purpose. Consider the background color and ensure that the font color provides sufficient contrast for readability. Bright colors can be useful for emphasis but should be handy sparingly. Experiment with different color schemes and test them on various devices to determine which works best for your project.
Examples Of How To Use Font Colors In Java
Using font colors effectively in Java can add visual appeal and emphasis to your text. To make your text stand out, try using contrasting colors that work well together or color-coding different types of text. Bold and bright colors can also be handy strategically but should be handy sparingly. It's essential to consider the emotional impact of your color choices and test them across multiple screens and devices for optimal legibility.
In addition, understanding fonts and font metrics, implementing colors through AWT or XML, avoiding common mistakes while using font colors, and customizing font styles are all crucial aspects of using font colors in Java effectively. Experiment with different fonts, sizes, and styles like italics or bold to create a unique look without compromising readability.
To sum up, using Java font colors can give your application a unique and attractive look. Understanding fonts, font metrics, and the Font class constructors is essential. Implementing colors in Java can be done differently, including console output and utilizing XML.
To avoid common mistakes while using font colors, it's important to customize them effectively based on your requirements. Different Java font colors have different meanings, so choosing the right one is essential. Our blog provides examples of how to use font colors in Java for the best results. Start exploring the world of bold and beautiful Java font colors today.
Frequently Asked Questions:
1.How To Give Font Color In Java?
Ans. To give font color in Java, you can use the setForeground(color) method and pass a Color object as a parameter. For example:
JLabel label = new JLabel("Hello World");
This will set the text color of the label to red.
2.What Are Color And Font Classes In Java?
Ans. In Java, the java.awt package includes Color and Font classes. The Color class handles RGB colors with useful methods like brighter() and darker(), while the Font class manages font properties like size and boldness with methods like getName() and isBold().
3.What Colours Are Used In Java?
Ans. In Java, there are a variety of color options available, including popular colors such as red, blue, green, yellow, black, and white. These colors are represented using the RGB color model. Additionally, users have the ability to create custom colors by indicating specific RGB values to use.
4.How To Code Color In Java?
Ans. To code color in Java, use the Color class to set the text or background color. Use the setForeground() method for text and the setBackground() method for background with a Color object. Create custom colors by specifying RGB values or using predefined constants from the Color class.
5.How To Simply Change The Font Color Of A String In Java?
Ans. One way to change the font color of a String in Java is by using HTML-style syntax, replacing 'color' with the desired color, and concatenating it with the text using the + operator. For instance: "" + "This text is red" + "".


text:
Grease gone: A five-micrometer drop of a solvent bounces off a surface coated with the new material.
German researchers armed with smoking candles have come up with a cheap and easy way to coat surfaces so that oil droplets bounce or roll right off. The advance could eventually lead to eyeglass coatings and tablet computer screens that can evade the mark of even the greasiest fingerprints.
Making surfaces able to repel fluids—whether wateror oil-based—is also important for industrial and biomedical applications. But it's harder to make a surface that repels oil or organic solvents as opposed to water because oil has a far lower surface tension than water.
What's required is a very specific type of surface roughness—akin to the branches of a budding tree—that achieves oil-repellency. This has been understood for some time, but it has been difficult to fabricate such a texture. Earlier work at MIT and elsewhere involved complex nanolithographic techniques.
Researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research in Mainz, in a paper published today in the journal Science, say they've come up with a simpler way, using a combination of candle soot and silica baked at just the right temperature.
First they held the glass slide over a heart-shaped candle (though any candle will do). This led to the deposition of soot on the slide—spheres of soot that were 30 to 40 nanometers in diameter, stacked loosely and producing the right kind of surface texture: about 80 percent empty and 20 percent spheres.
To protect the soot from washing away, they coated it with a silica shell 25 nanometers thick; to get rid of the black color of the soot, they baked the slide at 600 ºC, making it transparent. Afterward, they sprayed various oils—peanut oil and solvents—and took micrographs of these liquid droplets bouncing up and down like ping-pong balls.
The coating sticks to aluminum, steel, and copper, too. And because it has both oiland water-repelling qualities, the material is said to be "superamphiphobic."
Neelesh Patankar, a mechanical engineer at Northwestern University, says the work is an important step toward finding a commercially viable way to make such materials. "It has been known what surface chemistry as well as geometries would work" to repel oils, he says. "This work shows a good way to make such coatings with the right kind of practically relevant properties."