text:
- Open Access
- Authors : Asefa Robsan Abebe, Liu Chao Hua
- Paper ID : IJERTV9IS040260
- Volume & Issue : Volume 09, Issue 04 (April 2020)
- Published (First Online): 16-04-2020
- ISSN (Online) : 2278-0181
- Publisher Name : IJERT
- License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
Study of Simulation Technology for Gas Metal Arc welding Robot using Robot Studio
Asefa Robsan Abebe 1*
School of Mechanical Engineering Tianjin University of Technology and Education, Tianjin 300222, P.R. China.
Liu Chao Hua 2
School of Mechanical Engineering Tianjin University of Technology and Education, Tianjin 300222, P.R. China.
Abstract: – This paper works on the" Study of simulation technology for gas metal arc welding robot using robot studio" on addressing some arc welding defects. The stated problems must be solved by deeply studying the parameters like arc travel speed, arc length, and arc time which to be observed from the simulation of virtual robot studio software.
The simulation will be done by importing solid work geometries which are table and workpiece for taking output data during virtual welding. After the simulation, each parameter value visualized in the MATLAB smart land welding software for remedies of lack of penetration, weld width, and lack of fusion defects specifically.
Finally, the two-software result integration should give the solution for the problem aforementioned and the virtual arc welding robot output solves the shop floor tasks.
Keywords:- Arc welding Robot, Welding Defects, Simulation, Parameters
- INTRODUCTIONWelding is the latest and intelligent industrial process used to save time, energy and money in the production automation line. Whatever the first welding is innovated in 1960, the Arc welding usage was based on experience than science wise which is applicable in automotive, structural and bridge construction. To fill the gap of lack of scientific welding and a few professional operator welding skill the well mechanized and equipped machine should have to implemented like robot arc welding. Robot gas metal arc welding is usually known as a metal inert gas (MIG) or metal active gas (MAG) that sophisticate the base metal to coalescence by filler electrode melted at high heat concentration which drops as reel due to gravity into joint of parts and shield by a gas. To more sophisticated, offline programming is necessary than manual welding. Robot studio is an offline-programming that uses an integrated technique in shop virtual welding floor depend on the level of automation with additional auxiliary. Researchers used the teaching program for the reduction of reworking time and lack of skill how much the job is tedious using the conventional teaching method. The offline programming is where the real environment job is going to be pursued using the editable and programmable language as a text file. In this progress, the all activities performed is assisted by the auxiliaries of the robot system like Flex pendent-used for jogging and editing, IRC5 controller -the driver monitoring and controlling unit, Robot ware-ensure the performance of ABB robot and it is the heart for path configuration.The industrial arc welding applicability due to the intensity and metal deposition rate which resume worn parts. Indeed, it
can restore the stress to weld while the parameters influencing the quality. This welding used to adequately control geometry and defect welding like fusion, zone, profile, and properties. However, getting the welding quality difficult relative to another manufacturing process but the adaptability of gas metal arc welding robot with offline simulation made it applicable to the try trial and test traditional method.
The metal gas arc welding process model, the droplets causing finger penetration based on the radius and the height of the molten pool. The volume droplets of the molten pool inverse to velocity as doing for penetration. For a case of fast production, welding increasing the speed that leads hump and undercut which another post fixing.-
For the source of current increases the penetration deep or shallow as the arc travel and voltage decrease. Consideration of time in welding operation saves the economy through the weld line form starting to the endpoint, and the efficiency of time maintains the joint endurances.. As stated, the real-time of the weld liquid to detect the seam gap many techniques have been used whereby the penetration reduced while the time is control.
Near the welding point due to the strong arc, the droplets, partial liquid sink causing penetration while the remaining blow over form weld width. The study stated, the metal transfer due to initial heat and temperature affect the weld width. and it influences the shape of the pool width. Generally, the paper contains the rest tasks: Related works based on review exists, the detailed explanation of each result and conclusion.
- RELATED WORKSSome related works have been researched to fix the usual problems with robot welding with different methods. Some of them stated: Suppose, the wire chemical composition and heat affected zone is taken as root to solve welding quality, for a valuable monitor of weld pool drop, and blow. In the same manner, for the stability of welding and seam quality, the multi-frequency wave control has been used by peaking trailing two-wire current and the orthogonal experiments at mathematical analysis have been optimized. As usual, the arc welding robot design system and analysis are researched for the propose of 3D simulation by theoretical based on OPEN-GL in C++. The robot simulation establishment is by the mathematical straight equation to a real-time robot. For general knowledge the comparison selection of the industrial robot, different systems, and education-wise has been stated. Those are between Robot Guide-FANUC k.k., Robot StudioAG, Rob Sim AG and CODESYS based onexperience and diverse decisive factors to analyze and evaluate. There is also the study performed through a vision image processing camera that automates and intelligent seam tracking on gas arc welding robot for improving the quality of beads. In the welding process industrial robot welding sometimes control the feature of the welding, penetration, joint of edge detection and welding size; arc welding sensor and program are used when the process is subject to excessive heat and fumes covers. Obviously, Robot studio software is flexible in manufacturing CNC-machine and the transport system; the offlineprogramming helps the robot to load and unload jobs into the machine and essential to clarify the layout of the real floor. The features of the robot studio affect the job of researchers by their characteristics and tool flexibility in the manufacturing process and in the education value they have. The automatic and integration it let for technology make the software easier.Eventually, this paper simulates the virtual weld controlling the Arc Travel speed, Arc length, and Arc Time, then, the data will be taken as input for smart land welding results.
- SIMULATION OF VIRTUAL WELDINGThe simulation will be pursued by robot studio from the initial job of importing geometry from solid work software to robot studio station. At the station, from the library of ABB the IRC5 controller of 10 kg selected with My tool nozzle used for creating a virtual welding path. Since the programming is on PC (personal computer) the task offline is starts from workpiece adjustment, Robot ware system which controls the drive unit and Rapid language, creating work object which identifies the specific job, creating a path on workpiece prepared and change tool0 to My tool. Synchronizing the path configuration lets the simulation run and the control module to display for Rapid language that going to be edited as a text file format.
- Rapid Module DataThe main issue to be considered in this virtual welding simulation particularly through three parameters mentioned above study as the real robot system; the data of those parameters observe by changing per the simulation period. Accordingly, the data clarifies the phenomena per the value changed while the change is simultaneous or interchangeable between speed and arc length as shown in Table-I.
- Robot Studio Simulation Results
The Arc Travel speed magnitude affects as it reduces the lag of time as its fast time consumption occurs. The arc length matters the arc voltage depends on the position of the z-axis, as the too near or far; both positions are adjusted in the RAPID module.
Fig.1. Illustrates the robot simulation configuration which moves along the welding path to have an output of data on the RAPID Module while Fig.2. Shows at -2mm causes sticky and resistance to moving forward which is a reason for high time to small and fast speed. Fig.3. and Fig.4. At a datum (+1mm and +2mm) of my tool nozzle shows time lag and slow gun nozzle motion; the relation of speed and arc voltage is proportional.
Fig.2. Too near virtual nozzle to part.
TABLE I. WELDING SIMULATION DATA
S.No. Speed (v) Zone (z) Time (s) Arc-Len Z-axis (h) Speed/ TCP
Acc. m/s 1 5 5 223.2 -2 0.49 204.76 2 5 5 620.2 +1 1.19 200.1 3 5 5 619.8 +2 1.19 202.13 4 10 10 245.4 -2 2.39 322.66 5 10 10 309.1 +1 2.39 528.08 6 10 10 308.9 +2 2.39 529.04 7 30 30 101.7 -2 7.16 1722.28 8 30 30 102 +1 7.16 2744.67 9 30 30 101 +2 7.16 2745.54


Kara Dalkey, Author
Kara Dalkey, Author Tor Books $25.95 (448p) ISBN 978-0-312-89071-1
Reviewed on: 02/01/2001
Release date: 02/01/2001
Reality and fantasy collide in this engrossing tale of two warring clans vying for power, prestige and the chance to influence the man who sits on the chrysanthemum throne. Setting her tale in Japan during the last days of the Heian period (roughly _PHONE_ C.E.), Dalkey (Blood of the Goddess) deftly uses her knowledge of Japanese culture, mannerisms and bloodthirsty politicking to chronicle the wars of rebellion and counter-rebellion that end in the death of the emperor and the rise of the first Japanese shogun. Two rival clans, the Taira and the Minamoto, clash numerous times over a period of 30 years, with each clan calling on the aid of demons or gods to gain superiority and power. Did demons and gods play a part in the brutal wars of competing emperors and the rise of the Japanese shogunate? Dalkey dramatizes the tantalizing possibilities of what might have been if they had. While she succeeds in bringing the history, customs and traditions of Japan to life, her many characters maintain a remoteness that will keep most readers from caring about any individual. In addition, the fantasy realm of the demons and gods that she posits is rather intangible and distant. But even so, the book, which reads more like a historical novel of political intrigue than a fantasy, boasts a strong story that holds the attention. (Feb. 12)
The Best Books, Emailed Every Week
Tip Sheet!


In a continued effort to help the hospitality industry ensure appropriate maintenance of ADA pool lifts, S.R.Smith is providing pool lift maintenance and cleaning resources. These tools are designed to educate pool operation managers on the steps necessary to keep their pool lifts in working order. Maintenance of accessible features, including pool lifts, is a requirement of the ADA, which states: "A public accommodation shall maintain in operable working condition those features of facilities and equipment that are required to be readily accessible to and usable by persons with disabilities."
Routine maintenance is especially important for indoor pool environments where chemicals and humidity can cause corrosion on exposed metal parts. The pool lift maintenance resources, which include video and documentation, can be accessed at


text:
Preliminary investigation of the normal vibrations of white tin
Summers, Thomas W
Houston, William V.
Master of Arts
This paper has as its object the preliminary work required for a proposed investigation of the vibrational spectra. The main body of the paper is divided into three sections. The first is an outline of the theory of normal vibrations. The second is the application of the theory to tetragonal white tin. The third is a summary of results. In its most modern form, the theory is to be found in a paper of Born and Begbie, Applications of the theory to various solids are to be found in papers of Eellermann, Smith and Curien. Other papers of particular interest include those of Blackman, Montroll, Houston and Kroll. The series of papers by Blackman deserve special study since his work provided the first quantitative measure of the defect in the Debeye continuum theory. Houston's paper proposed a method of approximating the frequency distribution. The interesting work of Montroll and of Kroll treat the problem by taking the specific heat as a given function and solving an integral equation for the frequency distribution.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
In this lesson, students identify flags and their countries, create a world flag, play a team board game, take a geography test and write about a country.
DownloadsClick link to download and view these files
- PDF, Size 1.45 mb
Series Editors: Karen Kovacs and Mickey Rogers, with material by Robert Campbell, Lindsay Clandfield, Gill Holley, Rob Metcalf and Karen Kovacs
- Currently reading
Go Beyond: Knowledge: Geography


Short: Print spooler and switcher v1.0 Author: (Robert Wilson) Uploader: robert dynamix f9 co uk (Robert Wilson) Type: text/print Architecture: m68k-amigaos If you want to do any one or any combination of the following then you want PSpool ;-) * Print to a printer on your Samba network. For example a printer on your Linux, Win98 or WinNT box. * Print to several printers on your network or the printer connected to your Amiga's parallel port and switch between them all from a simple GUI. * Create profiles for your printer(s) and switch between the from a simple GUI. Profiles can contain and combination of standard Workbench and TurboPrint drivers. * Print to a file and select the destination file "on the fly" using a reqtools file requester. * Spool print data to a networked file share. Useful if running Acrobat Distiller on a Windows PC - print PostScript docs to a watched folder ;-) * Spool print data to a local device/drive. Useful if running GhostScript on the Amiga. Share the spool folder on your network and everyone can print to PS: device ;-) Copyright (C) 1999 Robert Wilson All rights reserved


$ to $[0,1/2]$ modify Cantor's proof of the uniqueness of $\mathbb{Q}$ to construct an order-isomorphism $g$ between $D\cap(0,1/2)$ and $E=\bigcup_{n=1}^\infty A_{2n}$ that maps $A_n\cap(0,1/2)$ onto $A_{2n}$ for each $n$. Then define $f(x)=\sup\lbrace g(d):d\in D, d < x \rbrace $. Define $f$ on $[1/2,1]$ in a similar fashion.
Another addendum: I missed/overlooked the condition that $D=f^{-1}[D]$; my map is a bijection from $D$ to itself and that's it. The near-homeomorphisms on the square settle it nicely. In the spirit of those constructions one can get a one-dimensional example on the $\sin\frac1x$-curve: in every arc between points with coordinates $((n+\frac12)\pi)^{-1}$ and $((n+\frac32)\pi)^{-1}$ shrink the interval of points with $y$-coordinates between $-1/2$ and $1/2$ to the interval $[-1/n,1/n]$, everything in a bijective way. Then on the limit segment $\lbrace0\rbrace\times[-1,1]$ the interval $[-1/2,1/2]$ is collapsed to a point. Here $D$ is the graph of $\sin\frac1x$ of course.
share|improve this answer
I don't understand how you can extend your function to $[0,1]$, you will need uniform continuity. – Guillaume Brunerie Oct 31 '11 at 0:00
I think your counterexample contains a bug (probably the problem is in the continuous extension). In fact I think I can prove that if X=[0,1] (or 1-dimensional) then the claim of FelipeG is true. – ccarminat Oct 31 '11 at 8:03
---I think I can prove that if X=[0,1] (or 1-dimensional) then the claim of FelipeG is true--- That's unlikely. Take $f:x\mapsto 2x^2-1$ on $[-1,1]$ and take some dense set of transcendental algebraicly independent numbers. Now, for each number take its full forward orbit and some its backward orbit (say, choosing the preimage from $[0,1]$ at each step). Clearly, all numbers you get will be different, so $f$ is one to one on the resulting dense set $D$. A similar construction should work in all but very degenerate metric spaces. – fedja Oct 31 '11 at 13:20
Fedja, if you only take some of the pre-image, then you won't have $f^{-1}(D)=D$. – Joel David Hamkins Oct 31 '11 at 13:26
Ah, right you are! I somehow missed that part of the condition entirely. Shame on me! – fedja Oct 31 '11 at 17:59
Your Answer


text:
Hazardous substance releases may not occur often, but when they do occur, they have the potential for causing harmful health
effects. The National Toxic Substance Incidents Program (NTSIP) system actively collects information to describe the public
health consequences of acute (less than 72 hours) releases of hazardous substances in participating states. This indicator
summarizes the characteristics of events reported in Utah. Information about acute events involving hazardous substances were
collected, including the substance(s) released, number of victims, and number and types of injuries. The data were computerized
using an ATSDR-provided Web-based data entry system. This data provides needed information to create prevention activities,
which can decrease injury and death as a result of a hazardous material release. Knowing what kind of hazardous materials
commonly exist in Utah, how and where they are released, and the effects they have on employees, responders, and the general
public will create opportunities for improved policies, procedures, and training for a cleaner, safer environment.
10-Year Summary of Hazardous Substance Releases by County, Utah, 2000-2009
The National Toxic Substance Incidents Program (NTSIP) is supported with funds from the CERCLA trust fund, and the Office
of Terrorism Planning and Emergency Response of the CDC, and provided by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
(ATSDR), Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services under Cooperative Agreement Number U61TS874146.
This map was made using an interval break method called "natural breaks" where classes are based on natural groupings inherent
in the data.
National Toxic Substance Incidents Program (NTSIP).
The National Toxic Substance Incidents Program (NTSIP) defines hazardous substances emergency events as acute uncontrolled
or illegal releases of hazardous substances. Events involving releases of only petroleum are only included if there are injuries
or public health action (including environmental sampling, evacuations, etc). Events are included if (a) the amount of substance
released needed to be removed, cleaned up, or neutralized according to federal, state, or local laws.
How We Calculated the Rates
Number of hazardous substance releases.
Page Content Updated On 01/24/2011,
Published on 07/14/2011
National Toxic Substance Incidents Program (NTSIP), Bureau of Epidemiology, Division of Disease Control and Prevention, Utah Department of Health, Telephone: _PHONE_, Email:
The information provided above is from the Utah Department of Health's Center for
Health Data IBIS-PH web site (_URL_). The information published
on this website may be reproduced without permission. Please use the following citation:
Sun, 19 May 2013 20:13:47
from Utah Department of
Health, Center for Health Data, Indicator-Based Information System for Public Health Web

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


04 April 2011
Is Nuclear Power Too Risky?
Are some energy investments so unpredictable and potentially unprofitable that governments should promise to cover the downside risk for private companies involved? The nuclear power generation industry seems to think so.
Many energy investments carry significant risks of expensive disaster. Examples:
 - The Buffalo Creek Flood (Pittston Coal Company dam failure) of 1972 cost 125 lives and destroyed hundreds of homes.
 - The Piper Alpha disaster in the North Sea in 1988 cost 167 lives.
 - The Three Mile Island accident of 1979 cost the plant's owners, General Public Utilities and Metropolitan Edison, more than a billion dollars in containment and clean-up costs, legal settlements and other costs, as well as loss of electricity sales from the destroyed reactor, which had only been on line for 13 months, and from the other reactor at the site which was shut down until 1985.
 - Two hundred thirty-four people died in the Chuandongbei natural gas field explosion in China in 2003 (see NYT article).
 - In 2006 12 coal miners were killed in the Sago mine disaster in the U.S.
 - Twenty-nine coal miners were killed at the Upper Big Branch disaster in the U.S. in 2010.
 - The Deepwater Horizon disaster and resulting Macondo blowout cost the lives of 11 rig workers and cost BP roughly $10 billion.
 - The ongoing nuclear power plant disaster at Fukushima Number One will probably cost around $50 billion, of which its owner will only be able to cover about half. (See this post.)
Existing Subsidies
In the United States the nuclear power industry is protected from much of the liability that would be associated with a disaster like that at Fukushima by the Price-Anderson Nuclear Industries Indemnity Act of 1957 and related legislation. Under the act, the industry is only required to have $375 million of liability insurance per plant. Industry liability from a nuclear incident is limited to $12.6 billion (from a fund generated by industry payments of $111.9 million per reactor, to be made in the event of an incident with liability exceeding insurance coverage). Beyond that the Federal government picks up the tab.
The offshore oil drilling industry receives similar limitation of liability through the Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund. A tax of eight cents per barrel of oil produced in or imported into the USA has built up a fund of some $1.6 billion. In return companies have their liability for damages limited to $75 million, paid from the fund. The fund also pays for some government operation on an annual basis. Costs beyond $75 million, or the resources of the fund, would be paid by the taxpayer. (Of course the eight cent tax is passed on to oil consumers.)
Because of the very large capital costs of nuclear power generating plants, the industry lobbies for and receives substantial loan guarantees, reduced rate loans, tax breaks and other subsidies. But similar subsidies are available to several other sectors of the energy industry, and to other industries. Likewise the favorable monopoly rates of many electric utilities enable them to pass on many costs and expenses to their ratepayers. This is not unique to the nuclear power generation industry.
The nuclear power industry claims it can only expand if it receives various government subsidies and guarantees.
"They cannot be built without government guarantees... shifting risk from investors and lenders to taxpayers."--Peter Bradford, adjunct professor at Vermont Law School [Source Reuters article]
"We believe many new nuclear construction projects will have difficulty accessing the capital markets during construction and initial operation without the support of a federal government loan guarantee."--2007 letter from investment baking firms to Department of Energy [Source Christian Science Monitor article]
Distorted Investment Decisions
These subsidies, guarantees and liability limitations distort investment decisions. If someone else (the taxpayer) is going to cover some or all of the cost of default, accident, liability, cleanup, waste management or other potential expenses, that makes even a potentially risky investment look like an acceptable deal to private enterprise.
Of course the problem is even worse where nuclear power generation capacity is being built and operated by the government itself. There the taxpayers bear all the risk, and the detailed analysis of risk and reward that private enterprise uses to decide whether to allocate resources to a particular enterprise is skipped altogether.
Nuclear power generation will never be as safe as it can be unless the private firms that stand to profit from it accept all of the costs and liability associated with problems at their facilities.
Further reading:
List of accidents and disasters in this Wikipedia article.
Prominent energy accidents of the past 100 years listed in this article.
1 comment:
 1. The problem is that nuclear electricity will be far to expensive without the huge invisible subsidies!
 These subsidies are now invisible paid for by the citizens / government (until disaster strikes)!
 The two major components:
 - limited liability (~hundred million)
 In ~10.000 reactor years there were two accidents with at least ~400billion damage each. In less favorable circumstances those would have been >1.000billion (wind towards Kiev / Tokyo, et).
 So insurance costs ~2.0000.000/10.000 = €200 million / year per reactor = ~5-10cent/KWh.
 Note: Our nuclear reactors even cannot withstand a 9/11 attack, so such accident can easily happen!
 - The law grants nuclear waste storage reservations for only ~100years while >100.000years is needed!
 They parasite on our grandgrand-children.
 If they need to make reservations for real permanent storage (multi billions needed), those costs would also translate to a fee of ~5cent /kWh.
 So even forgetting the other subsidies, those cost subsidies alone imply a rise of the nuclear electricity >12cent/kWh!
 Which is more than present market prices for energy and more than wind power!


text:
Many Eastern Asian nations have begun in recent years to improve their environmental regulation policies.
The establishment of government agencies and ministries is an important first step in improving the environment. Other institutions are also coming about,
and will likely grow as public awareness increases.
Often, broad government policy initiatives are stated. Examples include China, and Malaysia, where the Malaysian Environmental Quality Act provides direction in many areas of environmental concern.
To fight land degradation, governments are trying to conserve soil and water resources, protect forests, regain lost land, and refertilize poor
soil. Watershed management programs in countries such as Nepal and India are also being used.
China has been extremely successful in fighting soil erosion since it began its struggle in 1983. The country's programs have saved two million hectares, and have rescued land lost to desertification.
Many countries have created wildlife areas and forest parks to prevent complete deforestation.
In China, almost 32 million hectares of forest had been planted by 1990. However, in spite of strong efforts made by governments, expanding populations remain a primary cause of the problem, and have yet to be stabilized.
In addition to government action, some corporations and research groups are beginning to develop environment-friendly technology. They are also working to make productive processes less harmful to the environment.


Factors affecting flowering
Whether a plant is cultivated for its flowers or its fruit, flowering is important to cultivators. Remember that all fruits start as a flower and to be more specific, a fruit is a part of the flower that holds the seeds. So basically, the more flowers that exist, the more the fruits will grow. Farmers and gardeners want to know the factors that affect flowering time and the flowering rate.
By learning about such factors, they can make necessary actions to increase their production.
 Project description:
In this project you will investigate the effect of one specific factor on flowering of one specific plant. You have many choices while selecting the specific plant and the specific factor that you want to study. In this project you will perform a plant growth experiment and record the plant's flowering related data.
 Details of this project:
More details or support on this project is available for the members of ScienceProject.com. Material needed for experiment (seeds, soil, pots,...) may be found at home or obtained locally.


Browse Dictionary by Letter
Dictionary Suite
deoxyribonucleic acid see DNA.
depart to leave; go away. [4 definitions]
departmentalize to separate into departments.
department store a large retail store organized into departments, each of which orders, displays, and sells certain types of merchandise.
departure the act or an occasion of leaving or going away. [2 definitions]
depend to trust or rely (usu. fol. by on or upon). [2 definitions]
dependable deserving of trust or confidence; reliable.
dependence the condition of being dependent on another for help or support. [5 definitions]
dependency the condition of being dependent. [2 definitions]
dependent relying on another for help or support. [4 definitions]
dependent clause a clause that is syntactically not a complete sentence and is used only with an independent clause where it has the function of a noun, adjective, or adverb, such as "when he arrived" in "He seemed tired when he arrived"; subordinate clause; relative clause.
dependent colony colony in which a majority native population is ruled by a small number of representatives from the controlling nation.
depersonalize to cause to lose individual identity or characteristics. [2 definitions]
depict to portray or represent, as in a painting, sculpture, or written work.
depilatory able or designed to remove hair. [2 definitions]


text:
Hello good people of the world! Today's post is a short one on what are the basic components of a test form. In Validation, you're going to record a lot of data, and you want this data to be well organized and easily understood. Here are the basic components I think every test form should have:
- Numbering! Each step should have a unique number so that it is easily identifiable and easy to reference elsewhere.
- A Title! What is this test all about? A short description should be provide.
- Purpose! What is the purpose of the test? Make it clear.
- Verification Steps! Clearly define what steps need to be performed.
- Expected Results! Clearly define what the expected results are. Does every step need an expected result? Every step can have one, so include it.
- Actual Results! This is where the actual data is collected. The actual results can be recorded exactly as the expected results are stated to avoid any confusion.
- Pass/Fail! Did the step pass or fail? This will quickly tell you. Also a good place to reference any comments.
- Initials/Date! In order for the data to be attributable, initial/date uniquely identifying the test executer must be included for each step.
What basic components do you include on your test forms? Comment below.
Like this MWV (Mike Williamson Validation) blog post? Be sure to like, share, and subscribe!


Tapestry (DHT)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Written in C++
Type peer-to-peer
Website current.cs.ucsb.edu/projects/chimera/
Tapestry is a peer-to-peer overlay network which provides a distributed hash table, routing, and multicasting infrastructure for distributed applications.[1] The Tapestry peer-to-peer system offers efficient, scalable, self-repairing, location-aware routing to nearby resources.
The first generation of peer-to-peer applications, including Napster, Gnutella, had restricting limitations such as a central directory for Napster and scoped broadcast queries for Gnutella limiting scalability. To address these problems a second generation of P2P applications were developed including Tapestry, Chord, Pastry, and CAN. These overlays implement a basic key-based routing mechanism. This allows for deterministic routing of messages and adaptation to node failures in the overlay network. Of the named networks Pastry is very close to Tapestry as they both adopt the same routing algorithm by Plaxton et al.
Tapestry is an extensible infrastructure that provides decentralized object location and routing focusing on efficiency and minimizing message latency. This is achieved since Tapestry constructs locally optimal routing tables from initialization and maintains them in order to reduce routing stretch. Furthermore, Tapestry allows object distribution determination according to the needs of a given application. Similarly Tapestry allows applications to implement multicasting in the overlay network.
Each node is assigned a unique nodeID uniformly distributed in a large identifier space. Tapestry uses SHA-1 to produce a 160-bit identifier space represented by a 40 digit hex key. Application specific endpoints GUIDs are similarly assigned unique identifiers. NodeIDs and GUIDs are roughly evenly distributed in the overlay network with each node storing several different IDs. From experiments it is shown that Tapestry efficiency increases with network size, so multiple applications sharing the same overlay network increases efficiency. To differentiate between applications a unique application identifier is used. Tapestry uses best-effort to publish and route objects.
 - PublishObject
 - UnPublishObject
 - RouteToObject
 - RouteToNode (to exact match instead of closest match)
Routing mesh[edit]
Each identifier is mapped to a live node called the root. If a node's nodeID is G then it is the root else use the routing table's nodeIDs and IP addresses to find the nodes neighbors. At each hop a message is progressively routed closer to G by incremental suffix routing. Each neighbor map has multiple levels where each level contains links to nodes matching up to a certain digit position in the ID. The primary ith entry in the jth level is the ID and location of the closest node that begins with prefix (N, j-1)+i. This means that level 1 has links to nodes that have nothing in common, level 2 has the first digit in common, etc. Because of this, routing takes approximately \log_B N hops in a network of size N and IDs of base B (hex: B=16). If an exact ID can not be found, the routing table will route to the closest matching node. For fault tolerance, nodes keep c secondary links such that the routing table has size c*B*\log_B N.
Object publication and location[edit]
Participants in the network can publish objects by periodically routing a publish message toward the root node. Each node along the path stores a pointer mapping the object. Multiple servers can publish pointers to the same object. The redundant links are prioritized by latency and/or locality.
Objects are located by routing a message towards the root of the object. Each node along the path checks the mapping and redirects the request appropriately. The effect of routing is convergence of nearby paths heading to the same destination.
Dynamic nodes[edit]
Node insertion[edit]
The new node becomes the root for its nodeID. The root finds the length of the longest prefix of the ID it shares. Then it sends a multicast message that reaches all existing nodes sharing the same prefix. These nodes then add the new node to their routing tables. The new node may take over being the root for some of the root's objects. The nodes will contact the new node to provide a temporary neighborhood list. The new node then performs an iterative nearest neighbor search to fill all levels in its routing table.
Node departure[edit]
To leave the network, a node broadcasts its intention of leaving and transmits the replacement node for each level in the routing tables of the other nodes. Objects at the leaving node are redistributed or replenished from redundant copies.
Node failure[edit]
Unexpected node failure is handled through redundancy in the network and backup pointers to reestablish damaged links.
Tapestry provides an overlay routing network that is stable under a variety of network conditions. This provides an ideal infrastructure for distributed applications and services. Applications based on tapestry are:
 - OceanStore − Distributed storage utility on PlanetLab
 - Mnemosyne − Steganographic file system
 - Bayeux − Self-organizing multicasting application
 - Spamwatch − Decentralized spam filter
Tapestry was developed by Ben Y. Zhao, Ling Huang, Jeremy Stribling, Sean C. Rhea, Anthony D. Joseph and John D. Kubiatowicz.
See also[edit]
 1. ^ Zhao, Ben Y.; Huang, Ling; Stribling, Jeremy; Rhea, Sean C.; Joseph, Anthony D.; Kubiatowicz, John D. (2004). "Tapestry: A Resilient Global-scale Overlay for Service Deployment" (PDF). IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications (IEEE) 22 (1): 41–53. doi:10.1109/JSAC.2003.818784. Retrieved 13 January 2015.
External links[edit]


text:
- Before starting the activity, it may be important to do an icebreaker session (like songs or jokes) to create a comfortable environment so that girls can take part in the discussion without any inhibition.
- Men and women have their own set of thoughts about their respective bodies. Both men and women give more importance to their outer appearance, e.g. face, hair, clothing and body structure.
- Very often we ignore our reproductive organs, and don't think and care about them much. Because of this we may expose ourselves to infections and other diseases.
- To encourage girls to think about their body and specific body parts.
- To make girls realize the importance of looking after their body.
- Ask the girls to sit in a circle.
- Ask them to close their eyes and breathe deeply and relax.
- Explain to the girls that you are going to name different body parts and they should either touch the body part or visualize that part in their mind.
- Emphasize to the girls that it is important they keep their eyes closed during this activity and they should only do what they feel comfortable doing.
- Slowly and softly name the following body parts one by one and give some time to girls to point them out: head, forehead, eyebrow, eyelid, nose, cheek, lips, chin, ears, chest, stomach, hands, fingers, waist, genitals, hips, buttocks, legs, knees, feet, toes. (Be sure to use those terms for the parts that are commonly used and known in the context that you are working).
- During the activity, observe girls' reactions and expressions.
- After the activity, tell girls to breathe slowly and to gradually open their eyes.
- Guide the discussion using the points given below.
- How do you feel after doing this activity?
- Do you feel anything different about your body? What?
- How do women usually feel about their body?
- Do women like to look at themselves in the mirror? When? Why?
- Why do you think it is important for women to feel comfortable about their body?
- What sort of relationship do women have with their body? Why?


text:
You say sheet like "sheets", what's wrong with you
The one is wrong is your ear
thanks for correction. :)
Ku kira The Seat
What is the different of Sheets and Seats In the Spelling?
The sheet = seprai.
Bed sheet = seprei
In English we use sheet to mean bed sheet. Any other use of sheet requires clarification, sheet of paper, sheet of metal etc. If we just say sheet then we mean bed sheet.


text:
Our case studies are intensive, systematic investigations, conducted for a single individual, group, or another unit in which SPESA and its collaborators' examine in-depth data relating to several addictions. We systematically examine complex phenomena of addiction in a natural setting to increase the understanding of addictive cravings and prevention of relapse.
The underpinnings of the SPESA Model are previously identified voxel-based biomarkers with treatment protocols diverse from the conventional neurofeedback entrainment (which train to a normalized Z-score). Herein, SPESA's proprietary sLORETA protocols are targeted to specific clusters of voxels (ROIs). Each treatment session is analyzed using the proprietary learning curve protocols in order to observe operant learning.
SPESA's previously identified voxel-based biomarkers are now being applied in the current SUD research. The corresponding SPESA's proprietary sLORETA voxel basedprotocols have shown preliminary efficacy among individuals dealing with opiate addiction in particular. In our research, the current subject populations have ranged from the age of 2 years to adults and the treatment sessions were analyzed using proprietary learning curve protocols to observe operant learning.


text:
and emphasise that Zikr is not done with the breath but by the heart. The breath is drawn in vigorously to generate heat in the blood and complete attention is to be focused on Zikr - that is important. Otherwise you would be physically engaged in Zikr but mentally wandering elsewhere. The rhythm of body movement and along with mental concentration both combine with the heat generated by vigorous breathing to absorb the Barakah of the Shaikh in each cell of the body. For that reason, all distracting acts are prohibited during Zikr. If someone loses concentration or starts coughing or speaking or reciting Quranic verses or poetry during Zikr, the flow of Divine lights is immediately interrupted, therefore, it is extremely important to perform Zikr attentively and silently. One's entire attention should be focused on the breath taking the word Allah inside and bringing the word Hu out.
I was amazed to hear someone explain the method as, "Raise the word Allah from your heart up to the heavens and strike Hu down on your heart" - this is absolutely wrong! Our Zikr method is very simple, every ingress takes the word Allah inside and every egress brings out Hu to strike the Latifah under Zikr, while vigorous and fast breathing generates heat in the body. At times, one feels disturbed by the heat and coughs or speaks to lessen its effect, while such acts and distractions no doubt reduce the heat, they also decrease the absorption of Divine lights. Heat is necessary to weld pieces of metals like iron and gold or melt them for fusion. Similarly, a certain degree of body heat is required to absorb Allah's lights that actually belong to the Ruh (the Spirit), the body serves only as its abode. Unless the body absorbs these lights, the Ruh cannot be illuminated and conversely, a radiant Ruh lights up the body. It just cannot happen that one of them is bright and the other is dark. They are so intimately united that they always undergo similar experiences. Whenever any member of the Order engages in Zikr in any corner of the world, he instantly starts receiving the spiritual attention (Tawajjuh) of the Mashaikh. Now, it shall be up to him to absorb that Tawajjuh in his Lataif. The more he coordinates his breath, body movement and mental concentration, the greater shall be his absorption and the more he absorbs the greater would be the flow of lights towards him.
That, in brief, is our method of Zikr. Those who hold the Robe of Permission (Sahib-e Majaz) and others who conduct Zikr sessions need most to understand the whole process properly. I have heard them explain different methods based on their own understanding and interpretation. Those who are present should listen carefully and convey to others that we do Zikr with the heart and not with the breath; we breathe quickly to generate heat in the blood to absorb Divine Lights. The mind also joins the process by modulating 'Allah Hu' on every breath, so if the mind is inattentive the capacity of absorption decreases and the desired result is not achieved. It should be understood that reward and inner feelings are two different entities. A person who offers Salah according to its prescribed form at its proper time, even under compulsion and with total absence of mind and heart, will still deserve some Divine reward for fulfilling a religious obligation. But it is an entirely different experience to receive and absorb Divine lights related to this sublime worship. If anyone wants to feel and enjoy the Divine Presence in each moment of his Salah, he shall certainly need to devote greater attention and effort. Similarly, we don't only expect a reward for Allah's Zikr, we also desire a Divine Communion and the Light of His Countenance. We aspire to realise the Divine Presence as stated by the holy Prophet-saw, "Worship Allah as if you see Him." We want to experience and eternalise the observation of the Divine Beatitude. The person, who doesn't want it, naturally doesn't have to put in any extra effort.
Allah has not ordained any particular method of Zikr,
"Those who remember Allah, standing sitting and reclining " - 3:191.
There shall only be one restriction. Any form of Zikr which prejudices any religious injunction or causes any distraction or disturbance for others is not allowed. Except those particularly prohibited by the holy Prophet-saw, all other methods are permitted; nobody has the right to object to any of these. The Mashaikh of various Orders adopted different methods considering their relative usefulness in the light of their experiences. It is not proper to criticise any method that remains within the prescribed limits of Shari'ah. We have no right to criticise others and similarly, nobody has the right to criticise us. It is necessary to criticise and stop anyone who crosses the religious limits under the pretext of Zikr but it is highly improper to object for the sake of objection. We are not obliged to satisfy such critics, nobody has the time and energy to tell and teach someone who doesn't want to know and learn.
Avoid such frivolity and devote your full attention to Zikr by your heart. Concentration, breathing and body movement should be rhythmically combined. Allah should accompany each in-coming breath to the depths of the heart and Hu should strike the Latifah under Zikr with each out-going breath, that is a simple way to explain our method of Zikr. Don't lose your attention or go to sleep during Zikr, that also precludes beneficence and interrupts the flow of Barakah. Do the Zikr attentively, vigorously; with speed and force, greater absorption would attract far greater blessings.
May Allah be with you and protect you. Ameen!


text:
Surface Tension by Anna Christiansen Cable
3rd Place - Natural Category
School: Evanston Township High School
Teacher: Daniel DuBrow
This insect is able to stay on top of the water because of a physics property called surface tension. This allows more dense objects, like the insect, to stay on top of substances with a lower density, like the water. Water molecules that are not on the surface are surrounded on all sides by other water molecules, and they are attracted to each other. On the other hand, water molecules that are on the surface are not surrounded on all sides. Each molecular attraction causes the molecules to have less potential energy, which results in the molecules at the surface to have a higher potential energy than the ones underwater. In order for the surface area to increase, water molecules that are not on the surface must be pushed to the surface, but because they have a lower potential energy, this requires a certain amount of energy to do. If the object on top of the water does not have enough energy to increase the surface area, than the object will not sink, just like the insect in the picture.


Peter Wilhousky
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Peter Wilhousky
Born Passaic, New Jersey, USA
Cause of death Cancer
Ethnicity Ukrainian/Rusyn
Citizenship United States
Occupation Director of music in New York City schools and conductor of the New York All-City High School Chorus
Known for English language setting of Carol of the Bells, Arrangement of Battle Hymn of the Republic
Peter J. Wilhousky (Ukrainian: Пітер (Петро) Вільховський) (1902, Passaic, New Jersey - 1978) was a popular American composer, educator, and choral conductor of Ukrainian ethnic extraction. During his childhood he was part of New York's Rusyn Cathedral Boys Choir, and gave a performance at the White House to President Woodrow Wilson.[1] He was featured on several broadcasts of classical music with Arturo Toscanini and the NBC Symphony Orchestra, including the historic 1947 broadcast of Verdi's opera Otello. In 1936, he wrote a set of English lyrics to the popular "Carol of the Bells" a composition by Ukrainian composer Mykola Leontovych originally known as "Shchedryk". His arrangement of the "Battle Hymn of the Republic" for Chorus, Band, and Orchestra, is probably the most famous arrangement of the hymn before the 1940s in the United States.
Former students[edit]
As a choral director in New York City, he influenced the future careers of musicians such as Julius La Rosa and Stephen Jay Gould.[2]
 1. ^ Carol of the Bells, Sean Spurr,
 2. ^ Stephen Jay Gould (6 November 1988). "Strike Up the Choir!". New York Times. Retrieved 16 February 2011.
External links[edit]


text:
Trapped in a deformed and sickly body, as a boy Count Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec turned to painting for solace. Although he came from an aristocratic family that could be traced back thousands of years and grew up in a castle, he broke with family tradition by choosing to live the bohemian life of a painter.
Living in Paris' Montmartre, Henri Toulouse-Lautrec recorded the life around him by painting scenes of nightclubs, race tracks, and even brothels. He enjoyed going to these places with friends. While he was there, he made rough sketches of the scenes around him which he later turned into brightly-colored works of art.
In addition to painting, Henri Toulouse-Lautrec did illustrations for books and designed numerous lithographs and posters using methods he himself created.
Sadly, Henri Toulouse-Lautrec got caught up in the lifestyle he was painting and the need for acceptance and turned to drink. Even though institutionalized, the alcohol took control of his life, and Henri Toulouse-Lautrec died in 1901 at the young age of 37.


text:
Norris, D., Cutler, A., & McQueen, J. M.
(2000). The optimal architecture for simulating spoken-word recognition. In C. Davis, T. Van Gelder, & R. Wales (Eds.), Cognitive Science in Australia, 2000: Proceedings of the Fifth Biennial Conference of the Australasian Cognitive Science Society. Adelaide: Causal Productions.
Simulations explored the inability of the TRACE model of spoken-word recognition to model the effects on human listening of subcategorical mismatch in word forms. The source of TRACE's failure lay not in interactive connectivity, not in the presence of inter-word competition, and not in the use of phonemic representations, but in the need for continuously optimised interpretation of the input. When an analogue of TRACE was allowed to cycle to asymptote on every slice of input, an acceptable simulation of the subcategorical mismatch data was achieved. Even then, however, the simulation was not as close as that produced by the Merge model, which has inter-word competition, phonemic representations and continuous optimisation (but no interactive connectivity).


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Eilenberg and Mac Lane showed that given a group $G$ there exists a pointed topological space $X_G$ such that $\pi(X_G,\bullet)\cong G$. It is obviously a way to "invert direction" to the functor $\pi_1\colon \mathbf{Top}^\bullet\to \mathbf{Grp}$ to a functor $\mathcal K\colon \mathbf{Grp}\to \mathbf{Top}^\bullet$ such that $\pi_1(\mathcal K(G),\bullet)\cong G$ (almost by definition). This is equivalent to say that there exists a natural transformation (equivalence, in this case) between $\pi_1\circ\mathcal K$ and $\mathbf{1}_{\mathbf{Grp}}$, which turns out to resemble some sort of counity.
It would be wonderful if I could define an adjunction between the two categories in exam, given by the two functors. Everytime I try to think about some sort of unity to this hypotetical adjunction I poorly fail: considering the vast literature in the field of algebraic topology, I believe in only two possible cases. The first, nothing interesting arises from this adjunction. The second, there is no sort of adjunction.
The key point, quite trivial, to answer is: it is well known that an adjunction is uniquely determined by one among unity and counity, provided the one is universal. But $\boldsymbol\varepsilon\colon \pi_1\circ\mathcal K\to \mathbf{1}_{\mathbf{Grp}}$ is an equivalence: can I conclude that it is universal?
share|improve this question
2 Answers 2
up vote 11 down vote accepted
In the more general setting the answer is no. Left adjoints preserve colimits and it is not true that $\pi_{1}(X\vee Y)\cong \pi_{1}(X)\ast\pi_{1}(Y)$ for all spaces $X,Y$ (even compact metric spaces). For instance, if $(\mathbb{HE},x)$ is the usual Hawaiian earring, let $X=Y=C\mathbb{HE}=\mathbb{HE}\times I/\mathbb{HE}\times\{1\}$ be the cone on the Hawaiian earring with basepoint the image of $(x,0)$ in the quotient. It is a theorem of Griffiths that $\pi_{1}(C\mathbb{HE}\vee C\mathbb{HE})$ is uncountable and not the free product of trivial groups.
share|improve this answer
Clear, clear. Thanks. :) – tetrapharmakon Nov 9 '10 at 0:05
Let $\mathcal{C}$ be the homotopy category of connected pointed CW complexes. Then the functor $\pi_1:\mathcal{C}\to\mathbf{Grp}$ does indeed have a right adjoint. The cleanest way to define it is to use the simplicial classifying space functor $B:\mathbf{Grp}\to\mathcal{C}$. For the unit of the adjunction you need a natural homotopy class of maps $X\to B(\pi_1(X))$. This can be done by obstruction theory, by induction up the skeleta of $X$. Alternatively, one can define a more canonical map from $|SX|$ (the geometric realisation of the singular complex) to $B(\pi_1(X))$ by simplicial methods, and then use the fact that there is a natural map $|SX|\to X$ which is a homotopy equivalence when $X\in\mathcal{C}$. The first place I would look for more details would be Peter May's old book on simplicial objects in algebraic topology.
share|improve this answer
Goerss-Jardine is probably going to be more useful than Peter May's book, which is really outdated. – Harry Gindi Nov 8 '10 at 21:21
That copy of the book is copyright-infringing (not that I care), and it's probably better if you can avoid posting it on MO. – Harry Gindi Nov 9 '10 at 0:58
Your Answer


Homeowners Tricked into Overpaying for Their Deed
As posted on December 7, 2012 on _URL_
Homeowners nationwide are receiving letters asking them to pay upwards of $80 to obtain a certified copy of their property deed. What the mailings don't mention is that deeds are available from the county for a few dollars or less.
How the Scam Works:
You receive a letter in the mail in an official-looking "open immediately" envelope. It warns that you should have a certified copy of the deed to your house or condo. Getting a copy is easy; just pay the business $80 or more, and they will mail you one.
The letter is misleading. Deeds really only cost a few dollars, so the scammers are making a hefty profit.
As with most scams, the letters take several forms and the exact name, amounts and wording used change over time.
Some versions of the letters look like a bill. Others warn that an additional $35 will be tacked on to a base charge if you don't order by a set date. However, the mailing always uses an official sounding business name, including National Deed Service, Secured Document Company and Conveyance Transfer Services. These three all have a Washington DC return address and a toll-free number.
How Can I Get a Copy of My Deed?:
If you are thinking about selling or refinancing your home, you will need a copy of your deed. But you don't need to pay scammers for one.
 - Where to get a new one: Call or check the website of the county clerk's office, where deeds are usually recorded.
 - What you need to get it: The street address of the property. There is no fee if you request the title yourself, but there may be a small charge for copying and certification.
 - How long it takes: The process takes about 10 business days in most cases.


text:
Reliability - Synergi Electric
Aids in the simulation and analysis of power distribution system reliability
Reliability is a comprehensive software modelling package that aids in the simulation and analysis of power distribution system reliability. With Synergi Reliability software you can efficiently study worst performing feeders, evaluate the impact of mitigation methods and prioritize distribution automation equipment.
What you get
- Calculated reliability metrics
- Root cause analysis
- Extensive reporting and thematic mapping of results
- Wizard-based data loading capability
- Economic impact analysis
Key benefits of the Reliability software module
Reliability metrics are basic to the long-term health of a utility, providing a reflection of quality of service. The Reliability module performs all calculations on a standard Synergi Electric model. This allows it to employ other powerful and proven Synergi Electric analytical features.
With Synergi Electric, your reliability metrics are generated with consideration of power flow, voltage support, and overall efficiency. The by-phase Synergi load-flow engine ensures that reliability pick-up options adhere to the available capacity around the outage areas. The switching model used for reliability studies is the same used in load-flow, contingency and protection studies.


text:
Samantha: the Life of a Slave Girl Is Child Slave's Story
Samantha: the Life of a Slave Girl
By Georgia Humphries
Seaburn Publishing Group
52 pp.; illustrations by the author
For an 11-year-old just starting middle school, Georgia Humphries displays a remarkable amount of talent and potential. Her first published work, Samantha: the Life of a Slave Girl, introduces that talent to the world.
Samantha, the child of a slave woman and her white master, leads a secret existence until someone betrays her and she is sold away from her mother and the plantation that has always been her home. She is stolen from her brutal new master by the legendary Harriet Tubman and begins the long journey to freedom in the North by way of the Underground Railroad. Along the way she is reunited with her mother and discovers a sister hitherto unknown to her. She also learns who betrayed and sold her and finds another new addition to her family.
The bare outline of Samantha: the Life of a Slave Girl does not do justice to the descriptions and the excitement of the narrative. Illustrations by the author add in moving the story forward. Humphries possesses insight unusual for someone her age and has a definite gift for dramatic exposition.
The drawbacks to Samantha: the Life of a Slave Girl are more likely to come to the attention of older readers and can be attributed to the young age and relative inexperience of the author. There are some emotions Humphries has not yet felt and any adult who reads this book will be aware of it. That said, Samantha: the Life of a Slave Girl is still an excellent introduction to the institution of slavery from the point of view of a slave who does not truly realize the extent of her enslaved condition until she begins the journey to freedom. Samantha also demonstrates clearly that slavery dehumanizes masters as well as slaves. While the story is told from the standpoint of a child, the effect that being a slave master has wrought upon Samantha's father, also her owner is readily apparent.
Young readers will find Samantha: the Life of a Slave Girl a helpful introduction to a subject which is sometimes glossed over in an effort to avoid raising disconcerting questions about who Americans are as a people and how we came to be what we are today. It is a worthy addition to any elementary school classroom embarking upon the study of the causes of the War Between the States and the effect that slavery had on masters and slaves both. We look forward to seeing more of Humphries' work.


text:
Berchtesgaden National Park is in the alpine section of Bavaria, south of the town of Berchtesgaden.
In 1978, to preserve the beauty of this region of lakes and mountains, the Bavarian government founded the Berchtesgaden National Park, which centres around the lake Königssee. Surrounded by high mountain walls at the end of the valley is the Obersee.
The Berchtesgaden National Park is covering an area of 210 km² or 81 sq. miles. It is state property in its entirety. Its high mountain landscapes are characterized by extensive forests and steep rock faces.
Flora and Fauna
Berchtesgaden National Park is about 30 km from the Salzburg Airport (IATA: SZG) and about 200 km from Munich Airport (IATA: MUC).
Königssee. This emerald-green lake is surrounded by steep walls of rock, with the 1800-metre east wall of the Watzmann towering above its west shore. Around eight kilometres long and over a kilometre across at its widest point, and with a depth of up to 190 metres, the lake occupies the whole valley between the Watzmann in the west and the Jenner and Gotzenberg in the east. This jewel of the Bavarian Alps is a haven of peace.
St Bartholomew's Church. The church in front of the east wall of the Watzmann, is a cultural highlight in this unspoilt countryside. The Palace and pilgrimage church were founded by the Prince-Provosts of Berchtesgaden in 1134. The triple-concha design of the church dates back to 1697; the stucco-work is by the Salzburg master Joseph Schmidt. In the 18th century the summer and hunting palace was rebuilt, with older building sections incorporated. After Berchtesgaden became part of Bavaria in 1810, the palace became a hunting lodge for the Bavarian kings and was one of their favourite haunts. Since the Romantic period, the world-famous pilgrimage church, set against the Watzmann range, has been a source of inspiration for numerous landscape painters.


text:
The Wide World of Research
Recent Brandeis research projects include:
- an on-campus survey exploring the social meanings of the iPod
- a series of painted portraits of TYP alums, exploring identity and the history of portraiture
- biology research exploring the memory of fruit flies and how this affects mating behavior
- research and performance of a medieval liturgical song cycle
- a study of Dostoevsky's notebooks, investigating his approach to writing novels
- a study of how children perceive emotions in different genres of music
- research into the concerns of Sudanese refugee women living in Massachusetts
- design of an interdisciplinary course encompassing neuroscience and philosophy
Like Academic Fellowships at Brandeis University on Facebook!
An Introduction to Academic Fellowships
Fellowships provide support for students to develop their academic interests further. Often, this includes working closely with a faculty mentor on both the design of a project and the process of carrying it out. The Office of Academic Services can help guide you through the necessary steps in applying for a fellowship: from building your connections to faculty, to refining your initial ideas, all the way through the various stages of writing your proposal.
Fellowships are available to all students, and we encourage you to explore the options. Many fellowships are devoted to funding students with good ideas, and therefore many factors are taken into account other than GPA in order to qualify. Students often report that getting the chance to do their own research with a mentor has transformed their education, allowing them the chance to discover their own abilities.
As you can see by the few examples listed here of recent projects, there are no constraints based on discipline or field of study. We welcome students to investigate fellowship opportunities in all areas of study here at Brandeis: arts, sciences, social sciences, and all their various combinations.


Scala Language Type Variance Invariance
By default all type parameters are invariant - given trait A[B], we say that "A is invariant on B". This means that given two parametrizations A[Cat] and A[Animal], we assert no sub/superclass relationship between these two types - it does not hold that A[Cat] <: A[Animal] nor that A[Cat] >: A[Animal] regardless of the relationship between Cat and Animal.
Variance annotations provide us with a means of declaring such a relationship, and imposes rules on the usage of type parameters so that the relationship remains valid.


Builds message validators for ssb based on JSON-schema. Specifically designed for handling multiple different versions of a schema for a particular message type (e.g. when you add new requirements, or change the encoding of a particular field and publish a new version of the schema)
NOTE - this requires schemas which have both type and version fields.
Example Usage
Here's an example message that could validate as truthy...
 type:'reply',
 version: '1.0.0'
We inject all the relevant schemas into the validator. Any message passed will be validated based on the type and the version as determined by your schema.
var Validator = require('ssb-schema-validation')
var replySchemas = [
var isReply = Validator(replySchemas)
// => true / false
// => some errors
For a live example see e.g. ssb-dark-crystal-schema
Validator(schemas) => fn
Takes argument
 - schemas - an array of JSON-schema. These schemas must require messages to have type and version fields
Returns a function validator based on those schemas.
validator(msg, opts) => Bool
Takes arguments:
 - msg - a full ssb message, or the content field of such a message. Supporting both means you can use this validator to easily validate content either before writing to the database, or for reading from the database.
 - opts (optional) - an object of form { attachErrors: Boolean }, settings attachErrors: true mutates the original message by attaching any errors found during in validation. This option is false by default i.e. disabled.
Returns a Boolean: true/ false
Note - if the validator returns false, then details about why the message didn't pass validation can be found under validator.errors. This is reset after each message is passed in.
results matching ""
 No results matching ""


text:
Uganda - Libraries and museums
Makerere University has the largest and most comprehensive library in East Africa. It consists of a central library with over 700,000 volumes, which functions as the National Reference Library, and the Albert Cook Library of Medicine with over 55,000 volumes, which functions as the National Library of Medicine. The university also has specialized libraries in the fields of technology, education, social sciences, and farm management. The Public Libraries Board, founded in 1964, administers the Uganda Library Service, with 20 branches and 160,000 volumes.
The Uganda Museum, founded in 1908 on the outskirts of Kampala, contains an excellent anthropological collection. The museum conducts a regular education service in collaboration with the Uganda Society. It has a fine collection of East African musical instruments and a growing collection of archaeological specimens. The Zoological Museum at Makerere University has a collection of rock fossils, birds, and mammals indigenous to Uganda, and the university's geology department has natural history collections. Entebbe has botanical gardens, a zoo, an aquarium, and a game and fisheries museum. There are also two fine arts museums in Kampala, regional folk museums at Kabale, Mbarara, and Soroti, a variety of agricultural and forestry collections, and three national park museums. A new museum for Buganda is planned.


text:
Governor Earl W. Snell's Administration
Earl Snell was Oregon's governor from January 11, 1943 to October 28, 1947.
Earl Snell was born in Olex, Oregon on July 11, 1895. Snell served in the Army during World War I, coming back to Gilliam County at war's end. He tried the newspaper business before entering the automobile business in Arlington and Condon. From 1915 to 1945 he operated a dealership with a partner.
Snell served on Arlington's City Council. Snell began his political career in 1927 when he was elected state representative. Snell remained in the Legislative Assembly until 1934 when he left his position as Speaker of the House to take the elected position of Secretary of State. He served as Secretary of State from 1934 to 1942, then was elected Oregon's twenty-third governor in 1942. Governor Snell was re-elected in 1946 and served until October 28, 1947, when he was killed in a plane crash in the wild terrain east of Klamath Falls along with Secretary of State Robert S. Farrell Jr., President of the Senate Marshall E. Cornett, and their pilot Cliff Hogue.
Snell was vitally interested in Oregon's forests and the problems facing the state in managing forest lands, including the effects of the 1933 Tillamook Burn, which devastated 240,000 acres. He charged a Special Forestry Committee with the responsibility of making a complete survey and analysis of Oregon's forestry program, with particular emphasis on the Tillamook burn, fire prevention, and reforestation. The lumber industry consistently occupied first or second place in the commercial activities of the state's economy and Oregon's forestry laws and policies were recognized as outstanding in the nation.
In addition to his environmental legacy, Snell also campaigned for old-age relief without increasing taxation; post-war aid in education; home ownership; and liberalization of unemployment compensation. Governor Snell placed emphasis on improving winter travel by developing and improving roads and resorts. He wanted Oregon to become the winter wonderland for vacationers, and expand tourism to become more than a summer industry. A state employees' retirement system was also adopted during Snell's tenure as governor.


text:
example
The LinkedList implements the List interface.We have stores collections of data in LinkedList.The linked list is a data structure which can change during execution..
Difference between Java and C++
Java is an Object Oriented Programming(OOPs) language, developed by James Gosling 1992. Important feature of java is that it allows the developer to Write Once Run Anywhere (WORA) meaning that the code that run on one platform need not required to compile again on another platform. C++ is a superset of C, because it has many new feature other than that already exist in C language..
Java "&" operator
In this section you will learn how to use "&" operator in java. Java provide six types of operators: among them one is Bitwise operator which can be applied to integer, long, int char short type. "&" operator comes under type of Bitwise operator in java. Bitwise operator work on bit and perform bit by bit operation..
What is HashSet in java
In following example we will discuss about HashSet in Java. The HashSet class implements the set interface. We have stored data of collection used for HashSet method.hashSet stored only object HashSet class in java.util package. The HashSet does not accept duplicate value..
Java Create Directory
The following example will show how to Create Directory in Java. Though this can be created by using mkdir() also, the following program has used file object in File class..
Java Calendar Example
The following Java Calendar Example will discuss java.util.Calender class and its methods performing various operations on Date object..
Java error cannot find symbol
Whenever a Compiler does not recognize a class name, Java displays an error?cannot find symbol?..
Two dimensional array in java
In this section you will learn about two-dimensional array in java with an example. As we know that array is a collection of similar data type or it can hold fixed number of value of same type. Two dimensional array is defined as an array of array..
Command line argument in java
In this section we are going to discuss about command line argument in java. Command line argument allow a user to pass arguments at the time of running the application, after the class name. Java allow user to pass any number of argument to the command line.
Difference between throw and throws in java.
Throws and throw both are keywords in java, used for handling the exception. When a method is not able to handle the checked exception, it should declared with throws keyword. Throws can be declared with multiple Exceptions separated with comma. Throw is used within the method to throw exception to the caller..


text:
The Institute of Environmental Studies is an interdisciplinary teaching and research facility. IES researchers initiate and consult on interdisciplinary research problems of sustainable development in Australia and around the world. Our concept of sustainable development has environmental, social justice and economic outcomes.
Finding solutions to environmental problems like climate change, water management and deforestation are now international imperatives. It has been recognised that the challenges are complex and interconnected, and that solutions cannot come from one single area of research, profession or sector of society. The life sciences, physical sciences, social sciences, engineering, architecture, economics and law are among the many disciplines collaborating to design solutions for environmental issues and to improve their management. Within this broad field, IES' research and teaching interests include:
- Ecologically sustainable and socially just development: visions, scenarios, goals, indicators, strategies.
- Geospatial analysis and modelling of natural and built up environments: assessment, management, monitoring; applications to land-use planning and environmental hazards.
- Integrated environmental and health assessments: tools and processes.
- Climate mitigation.
- Sustainable energy and sustainable urban transportation: technology assessment (environmental, social and economic), policies and strategies for implementation.
- Economic systems that don't require growth in the use of materials, energy and land.
- Community-initiated social change.
- Trade, environment and sustainable development.
- Indigenous and local/traditional ecological knowledge.
- Environmental/natural resource regulation in the Asia Pacific region.
- Sustainable use of biodiversity and natural resources.
- Urban sustainability.
- Water management.
The Institute of Environmental Studies co-ordinates five innovative, interdisciplinary post-graduate programs in Environmental Management:


Lunar Impact Flashes - MyMoon
All quiet on the twitter front.
Have you ever wondered if you could see the flash from a meteor impact on the Moon? How big would the impactor have to be? How fast would it have to be traveling? A MyMoon community member recently asked us this question. We asked Bill Cooke at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center this question. Bill is an expert on lunar impact flashes and here is what he had to say:
"A barely detectable impact flash (say, 0.1 seconds long), would be visible (from Earth) if a 5.5 inch meteoroid hit the Moon at 56,000 mph."
So there you have it. Want more info? Check out a webpage created by Bill and his colleagues about monitoring lunar impacts.
Do you have a question of your own for a lunar scientist? Submit your question at
or use your MyMoon login.


People Are Calling This 'The World's Hardest Word Search'—Can You Crack It?
Can you find the hidden "dog"?
Word searches are a great way to have a little fun while exercising your brain.
If you like word searches and love a good challenge, this particular word search is deemed one of the hardest to crack.
While it may seem simple at first, the tricky part is that there are only three letters repeated throughout the entire word search, making your eyes start to see double and causing all sorts of confusion.
That is, unless you get lucky and quickly come across that hidden "dog."
The answer to this tricky word search is posted on the next page, but we want you to try it out for yourself first before peeking at the answer.
Some say going through each individual letter until you finally come across the hidden "dog" really works.
And before you think this may be a trick, the two occurrences of the word "dog" written out above and below the puzzle don't count.
RELATED: Can You Spot The Third Person In This Photo?
Take a crack at it, and be honest when you tell us how long it took you to find it. We can assure you, there is a hidden "dog" within the word search, so keep at it!
When you're ready for the answer, keep reading.
Is this what you found? Did it take you as long as it took us?
The 'World's Hardest Word Search' Answer
Think you've got the hang of this? Ready to try another?
Find The Cat
Here's tricky puzzle for you! Can you spot the cat?
Stumped? Click here to find the cat.
Find The Queen
Here's another good one:
Can you find the Queen hidden among all the corgis?
Other Puzzles To Test Your Brain
Want more puzzles? Here is a puzzle with squares.
There is also a puzzle here where you will need to find the circles. So many shapes!
And one with snowmen. Can you find the panda?
Wheel of Fortune Puzzle Stumps Internet
And here's one that made the rounds on the internet from Wheel of Fortune earlier this year.
From its humble beginnings as a daytime show in the 1970s to its cult following today, Wheel of Fortune has earned the nickname "America's Game."
A podcast host who goes by the Twitter handle "Twitter's Good Boy" shared a screenshot of the unfortunate puzzle, which has had thousands of likes, retweets and guesses.
Along with "Suck it dork," incorrect answers ran the gamut from this…
… to this…
… to this, as well as a few guesses not suitable for all audiences.
The actual correct answer was "Back at work," which the contestant guessed in under one minute.
[h/t: Little Things]


text:
Why do you live with your tia/aunt?: Making Sense of Cultural and Family Identities as a Latinx Foster Youth
In 2017, more than 690,000 children spent time in foster care, and on any given day in the US, more than 443,000 children are in foster care. One-third of all foster youth are children of color, with 93,507 children identifying as Hispanic/Latinx. People identifying as Latinx are the fastest growing group in the child welfare system. Michael will be interviewing Latinx foster youth from across California, focusing on the cultural and family identities of each participant. Familia/family, culture, and ethnic identity are cornerstones of the Latinx community, so how do Latinx foster youth navigate these spaces? The projects goal is disruption: disrupting extractive research practices, disrupting Black/white binaries, disrupting foster youth research conducted by non-foster youth researchers, and emphasizing Latinx foster youth voices.
- Major: Ethnic Studies and Film, Education Minor
- Mentor: Jill Berrick, Social Welfare


text:
Skip to Main Content
Numerical Simulation of the coupling efficiency for the light emitting from a commercially available ball-lens capped TO-can laser diode into a single-mode fiber (SMF) is reported. The alignment sensitivity of the coupling efficiency for this laser-to-lens-to-fiber optical configuration is investigated in detail. The result is useful for defining the design tolerances and assembly specifications of economic SMF pigtailed To-can laser diode packages. An optical simulation software package is used to compute the laser-to-lens-to-fiber coupling efficiency. By adjusting the nominal system parameters of the given optical configuration, the maximum coupling efficiency calculated from the best fitted simulation result being equal to 17.3% is obtained, which very well agrees with experimental result of ∼16%. However, it is a bit lower than that of previously reported. It is noticed that in the presence of the ball lens, the axial alignment sensitivity on the coupling efficiency is much relieved as compared to the butt-coupling configuration. However, the lateral alignment sensitivity is still very stringent. An experimental measurement is done on this optical system The alignment sensitivities of the coupling efficiency on both directions are obtained. The results are compared with that from the simulation. A very good fit of the data onto simulated curve can be obtained by adjusting some of the critical system parameters.


text:
When Learning Comes Naturally: Exploring Nature's Classroom (DVD)
Item #: 8036
How can children be encouraged to make a lasting connection to nature? This program profiles the efforts of educators and parents to introduce children to the natural world and to involve them—through outdoor play, class activities, and their own creative work—in a process of outdoor discovery. Beyond the immediate benefits to child development that come with exploration and improvisational learning, the program documents how meaningful time spent outdoors can cultivate in children a permanent caring for nature—a crucial ethic of environmental responsibility.
This documentary is one of four in The Learning Child Series, produced by Jonathan Diamond Associates, Inc. in association with the Child Development Institute at Sarah Lawrence College.


text:
Simple Steps to Begin Increasing Your Running Stamina
Think back to your first run. Whether it was a jog around the block or a 5k, your first run was probably closer to torture than an enjoyable experience. Now, think about your last run—which has likely increased in distance and speed from the first. And the reason? You have increased stamina.
Stamina is part mental and part physical. Mentally, increasing stamina means you're in a better state of mind to keep going when your body feels like stopping—for instance, hitting the "wall" during a marathon. Physically, stamina is sustaining the effort of running for a longer and more extended period.
For many runners, stamina seems to happen without intentional steps. Still, if you're just starting and want to see significant increases fast, we have some simple steps to increase your running stamina in only a few months.
1. Start Slow (but Steady)
You shouldn't suddenly increase your mileage for a run overnight. Start with small 1-mile increases weekly, but continue pushing the limits.
2. Continue Challenging Yourself
When the increase feels easy, it's time to bump it up again. More intense workouts mean more progress.
3. Stay Hydrated
Believe it or not, drinking plenty of H2O before, during, and following your run will help your muscles recover more quickly, which means you can continue pushing for increased stamina.
4. Give Yourself a Nutritional Boost
Supplements such as Nitro Xtreme are created especially for elite athletes to increase blood circulation, promote oxygen release, pump your body with additional nutrition, and provide a mental boost.
5. Eat Endurance Boosting Foods
Foods like sweet potatoes, blueberries, bananas, and almonds support a healthy heart and muscle recovery and influence stamina and endurance.
We all start somewhere, and we all have the potential to increase stamina to run farther and faster!


text:
- scipy.spatial.distance.yule(u, v)¶
Computes the Yule dissimilarity between two boolean 1-D arrays.
The Yule dissimilarity is defined as
where is the number of occurrences of and for and.
u : (N,) array_like, bool
v : (N,) array_like, bool
yule : double
The Yule dissimilarity between vectors u and v.


How Strong Can A Human Kick?
Can a boxer's punch kill?
So, yes anyone can kill with a punch, a trained boxer has more likelihood of delivering that punch drunk or sober with accuracy and power, but the result depends on a number of factors, including a bit of luck on part of the recipient..
Can a gorilla kill a lion?
How much can a gorilla squat?
Many sites claim that a gorilla can lift anywhere from 4 to 27 times their body weight. But the most common statistic that I can find states a gorilla's strength at 10 times their body weight.
What is the hardest kick?
Shogun Rua shows some brute strength by demonstrating the single hardest strike Sport Science has recorded – 2,749lbs of force. That's one hell of a Muay Thai Kick.
Can a horse kick kill you?
A horse's kick is extremely powerful and can cause severe, even fatal injuries. Many riders have experienced broken bones, deep lacerations from a hoof, and even cardiac arrest if the kick landed on their chest. It is also extremely possible to suffer from head injuries that can be fatal if the impact was extreme.
How hard can a gorilla punch?
Can a human fight off a wolf?
Yes but an exceptional human might prevail. A lot of these wolf attacks even powerful men barelyhold off are probably coy wolves intermediate between true wolves and coyotes in size and power.
Who has the strongest kick in UFC?
UFC heavyweight knockout artist Francis Ngannou made the rounds in January when he earned a score of 129,161 on the UFC's PowerKube, setting a new record for the hardest punch ever recorded at the UFC Performance Institute.
What hurts more a kick or a punch?
Undoubtedly, a kick can hurt more than a punch. While punches are particularly painful, they mostly involve using your muscles to throw your weight as violently as possible into another person. Kicks do involve weight transfer, but they have an added benefit that punches do not.
What is the deadliest punch?
A rabbit punch is a blow to the back of the head or to the base of the skull. It is considered especially dangerous because it can damage the cervical vertebrae and subsequently the spinal cord, which may lead to serious and irreparable spinal cord injury.
What is considered a strong punch?
Generally, there are five components to punching power that must be present for a puncher to be considered truly powerful: lack of arm punching, proper weight shifting, stepping during a punch, pivoting with a punch, and using proper footwork. This body connection requires the development of a strong core.
How hard can I punch?
How strong is a kick?
The strongest kick which is the stepping side kick, is estimated to be 4 times the power of a master overhand right punch. Overhand right is the strongest punch ever known. However you don't need a kick in a fight to end it. A kick is so much harder to use that it's basically never used in a street fight.
What is the most powerful type of kick?
But generally, the spinning side kick is regarded as the most powerful kick. It harnesses a ton of rotational energy and nearly the entire mass of your body to throw a powerful, piercing kick that can tear clean through even the strongest blocks.
Can you hit the heavy bag everyday?
YES, it's true – hitting a punching bag all day might hurt your boxing skills. The main reason why is because over-training on a heavy bag makes it easy for boxers to develop bad habits. … The main purpose of a heavy bag is to increase your punching power.
What animal kicks hardest?
ZebrasZebras may commonly fall prey to fearsome big cat foes like lion and cheetah, but they occasionally get in a pretty serious hit of their own. In fact, zebras have the most powerful kick of any animal on the planet, and like giraffes, they've been known to kill lions with a swift kick to the head.
How strong can a human punch?
The average, untrained person can throw a punch anywhere from 60-85 PSI (Pounds per square inch). But a trained striker can generate quite a bit more force. They strike within the range of 194-336 PSI.


text:
In this video segment from Cyberchase, the CyberSquad is shooting a film and they have a limited number of snelfus to spend on food, film stock and the crew. As they work, they make a budget for each day of filming. At the end of the second day, they compare their actual costs to the amount they had budgeted for that particular day of filming.
Here are some Frame, Focus and Follow-up suggestions for using this video in a math lesson.
What is Frame, Focus and Follow-up?
Frame: People make and spend money almost every day. How do they keep track of it? If you had some money and you were planning to go on a trip, how would you know how much money you needed? How would you keep track of how it was spent?
Focus: As you watch this segment, look at how the CyberSquad organized the data, which includes the amount they thought they would spend and the amount they actually spent. Do you think this is a good way to do it? Why?
Follow Up: Why was Jackie happy when she saw that they spent less than they had budgeted for on day two? Is it a good idea to have a budget that is slightly higher than your actual costs? Why?
JACKIE: This should please the Professor, too: the expenses for today! We planned to spend sixty snelfus on our crew...and we did!
DIGIT: Sixty budgeted, sixty spent. Check!
JACKIE: We planned to spend ten snelfus on food...and we came in on the money!
DIGIT: Ten budgeted, ten spent. Check!
JACKIE: But here's even better news! We planned to use 15 cartridges of film, but we only used 13!
MATT: And since 13 times 2 is 26 snelfus, the camera department came in under budget!
DIGIT: Thirty budgeted...only twenty-six spent!
JACKIE: So our total for Day Two is ninetysix. Four less than we planned, leaving four extra just in case! All right!
Academic standards correlations on Teachers' Domain use the Achievement Standards Network (ASN) database of state and national standards, provided to NSDL projects courtesy of JES & Co.
We assign reference terms to each statement within a standards document and to each media resource, and correlations are based upon matches of these terms for a given grade band. If a particular standards document of interest to you is not displayed yet, it most likely has not yet been processed by ASN or by Teachers' Domain. We will be adding social studies and arts correlations over the coming year, and also will be increasing the specificity of alignment.


text:
Peta Ashworth, CSIRO
The Earth Sciences play a fundamental role in providing critical information to a wide-range of stakeholders within the various levels of government, industry, organisations and the general public, along with a proud history of education and research.
Infrastructure will address a wide range of issues in the general areas of engineering geology/geotechnical services and critically covers that important linkage between the Earth Sciences and Engineering. It will cover geotechnical problems and solutions encountered in recent large infrastructure projects and the role of increasing role of new technologies in investigations. Service and Community will address the geosciences response to distributed grid computing and cloud storage, dissemination of Geoscience information in a high-bandwidth environment, the continuing and evolving role of Geoscience outreach and education, Geohazard studies and their role in protecting the community, the contributions of Geotourism and Geoheritage, and the historical record and influence of Earth Scientists.
AESC 2014 First Circular


text:
Locust Grove State Historic Site
The cemeteries of Louisiana are a significant part of the state's history. They tell the story of those who laid the foundation for Louisiana as it exists today. A visit to Locust Grove State Historic Site provides an illustration of the small family cemeteries which were a part of most plantations. Several generations of family members are buried here. Strolling through the historic graves encourages reflection on the courage, determination and dedication of the early settlers in Louisiana.
The small site at Locust Grove, with only 27 plots, represents an era in Louisiana's romantic history. The cemetery is all that remains of what was once Locust Grove Plantation, owned by the family of Jefferson Davis' sister, Anna E. Davis Smith. In the summer of 1835, the future Confederate president brought Sarah Knox Taylor Davis, his wife of only three months, to the plantation for a visit. Both contracted malaria, and Mrs. Davis, the daughter of General Zachary Taylor, died at the age of 21. Her grave is situated among those of the other Davis family members.
Several times a year, special events and programs take place at Locust Grove, such as grave-rubbing demonstrations and instruction, sure to be enjoyed by genealogists and preservationists.
Audubon State Historic Site (South of St. Francisville on LA 965) - The nearly-200-year-old Oakley House is where John James Audubon drew inspiration and sketched many of the birds found in his famous Birds of America. The visitor may tour the house-turned-museum, formal gardens, an outside kitchen building and barns, walk the trails and enjoy a picnic lunch at the large pavilion nearby.
Centenary State Historic Site (East College and Pine Street in Jackson) - This is the former site of Centenary College. Visitors may tour the old West Wing dormitory or a professor's cottage and learn about the history of education in Louisiana. A Confederate cemetery is located on the grounds.
Port Hudson State Historic Site (US 61, 30 minutes north of Baton Rouge) - This 909-acre site encompasses part of the Port Hudson Battlefield Civil War Site. Featured are six miles of hiking trails, one and a half miles of trenches, a museum and interpretive programs. Fort Desperate, a primary Confederate position, is accessible by a concrete walkway and elevated wooden boardwalks.
Rosedown Plantation State Historic Site (In St. Francisville on La. Hwy. 10) - Built during the 1830s, Rosedown had one of the largest private gardens in the U.S. in the 19th century. In addition to the gardens and many original structures, visitors can see many furnishings and items that the Turnbulls themselves brought into the main house.
Tunica Hills Wildlife Management Area (14 miles northwest of St. Francisville on LA 66) - Day-hiking, wildlife viewing, birding and hunting (in season) are featured across 5,231 acres of rugged hills, bluffs and ravines.
Historic Town of St. Francisville (North of Baton Rouge on US 61) - The Historic District includes 140 structures encompassing churches, antebellum homes, townhomes, cemeteries, and dozens of antique and gift shops.
Historic Town of Jackson (North of St. Francisville on LA 10) - The Historic District covers two-thirds of the town and features more than 120 structures including banks, shops, homes, churches and warehouses.
Historic Town of Clinton (North of Baton Rouge via LA 67) - The town is known for its historic architecture, including Lawyers Row, the East Feliciana Parish Courthouse, and charming Victorian and antebellum homes.
Louisiana Scenic Bayou Byway - The Byway in this area takes you through some of the historic Florida parishes in English Louisiana known for the British influence in their architecture and cultural traditions. Follow US 61 and historic LA 10 (once known as the Choctaw Trail) to quaint historic towns, charming bed and breakfasts, country drives, profuse native wildflowers in season, excellent birding, cycling and interesting antique shops.


Standalone EV recharging station integrating renewables, storage and hydrogen
A group of researchers at Qatar's Hamad Bin Khalida University is proposing a new concept for standalone EV recharging stations, based on the hybridization of multiple renewable energy sources and different types of storage.
The system, which is designed to ensure uninterruptable charging operation during night times, cloudy days, and low wind speeds and to fast-charge 80 electrical vehicles daily, is powered by a combination of concentrated photovoltaics and thermal solar (CPV/T), wind energy, and biomass combustion technologies, and incorporates storage technologies based on lithium-ion, hydrogen, ammonia and phase change material (PCM).
The charging station also embeds a lithium bromide Li–Br absorption cooling system, which is used for the cooling of lithium-ion batteries and liquefying the generated gaseous ammonia for safer storage purposes.
The electricity produced by the CPV/T unit is used for hydrogen production, EV charging, ammonia production and battery storage in a consecutive manner. "If sufficient electricity is produced from CPV/T in a day, all the mentioned processes may be supplied with electricity from this subsystem," the researchers explained. "Otherwise, the first-in-order processes will be supplied until all the produced electricity from CPV/T is consumed and the other energy sources shall take over to supply the deficit." The thermal energy generated by the CPV/T device is used for charging PCM in the thermal storage unit and supplying the cooling system.
Wind power is used for EV and battery charging subsequently, while the biomass system is utilized to complement the other sources during night times and unfavorable weather conditions.
Popular content
The scientists conducted an analysis of the performance of the whole system, as well as of the energy efficiencies of the subsystems and main components, and found that its overall energy efficiency is 45% and the exergy efficiency is 19%, which they said are in the higher range compared with similar multi-generation systems in the existing literature. Exergy efficiency computes the effectiveness of a system relative to its performance in reversible conditions while energy efficiency computes how much energy is produced in a process versus the amount of energy given. "The CVP/T thermal efficiency and electrical exergy efficiency are found to be 45% and 37%, respectively," the academics specified. "The energy efficiencies of hydrogen and ammonia fuel cells are found to be 77% and 72%, respectively."
The research team aims now to improve the overall efficiency of the system by re-utilizing the heat loss generated from CPV/T for external applications, increasing the CPV/T water flow rate, and creating hourly scheduling to balance supply and demand. "
The system is described in the paper Development of an off-grid electrical vehicle charging station hybridized with renewables including battery cooling system and multiple energy storage units, published in Energy Reports.


Learn the difference: Uninterested versus Disinterested
Quick question: when your friend keeps telling you a story that you have no interest in, are you uninterested or disinterested?
These two words sound similar but do not mean the same thing i.e. they are not synonyms.
Let's learn their correct usage today!
Uninterested means "have or show no feeling of interest; indifferent."
For example: A person who dislikes watching movies would be uninterested in watching the newly released thriller everyone is talking about.
The above example means that the person has no interest in watching movies and s/he finds it boring.
Disinterested means "impartial; unbiased by personal interest or advantage."
For example: A disinterested observer is best for our competition.
The above example means that a person who has no personal interest or advantage in the competition would be best to observe/judge it.
Uninterested versus Disinterested
To be uninterested means to be indifferent
To be disinterested means to be impartial
Both these words are derived from the word interest which originated from the Latin word interrese. Hence, they are easily confused.
Incorrect: Why do you seem so disinterested?
Correct : Why do you seem so uninterested?
Incorrect: We need an uninterested judge for the game.
Correct : We need a disinterested judge for the game.
So, to answer the question I asked in the beginning, you are uninterested in the story your friend tells you (and not disinterested)as it may be boring or uneventful.
Scroll to Top