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Join a small group to get to know others and be known. Learn more here.
A FILM AND READING-BASED DIALOGUE ON RACE AND FAITH IN AMERICA
This year, parishioners at St. Bart's and members of neighboring faith communities are invited to participate in a journey over the sacred ground of racial introspection and reconciliation. In this 10-part series developed by the Episcopal Church, we will walk through the chapters of America's history of race and racism, while weaving in threads of family story, socio-economic status, and political and regional identity. Goals include:
- Examining the impact of white privilege
- Learning how and why racial inequalities are perpetuated in contemporary American society
- Gaining a deeper appreciation for other cultures and experience
- Fostering greater awareness of and deeper empathy toward others
- Increasing self-awareness
- Engaging with issues of racial identity and difference
- Developing tools to better navigate the world as faithful Christians
- Intergenerational dialogue - high school age parishioners welcome
Please contact Jill Henderson for more information.


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Written originally elsewhere, elaborated here.
A new study by a California team looks at the effect of the warming of the Indian Ocean, which seems to be anthropogenic in origin, and how that influences precipitation in Africa. It decreases it. People go hungry as a result:
We present analyses suggesting that warming in the central Indian Ocean disrupts onshore moisture transports, reducing continental rainfall. Thus, late 20th-century anthropogenic Indian Ocean warming has probably already produced societally dangerous climate change by creating drought and social disruption in some of the world's most fragile food economies.
The paper is Funk et al, Warming of the Indian Ocean threatens eastern and southern African food security but could be mitigated by agricultural development, in PNAS this week. It's on on the web yet, but I'll post a link when it goes up.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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P.E. Central Lesson Plan: Want Ad: Healthy Eater
Purpose of Activity:
The purpose of this lesson is for students to understand the differences between healthy and unhealthy eating habits and what steps they need to take in order to make healthy eating choices.
Suggested Grade Level:
A newspaper with want ads; Construction Paper
Description of Idea
Begin the lesson with a discussion about eating habits. This may include a discussion of the Food Guide Pyramid, Dietary Guidelines, etc. Have the students give examples of healthy and unhealthy eating habits.
Example: Healthy Eating Habit = Eating fruitÂ
Unhealthy Eating Habit = Drinking soft drinks
NOTE: Using a transparency with some examples that you have generated may be helpful.
Next, introduce the concept of a Want Ad.Â
What is a want ad?Â
What does "ad" stand for?
Let the students read want ads from actual newspapers. Have the students discuss qualities the companies were looking for in the people they wanted to hire.Â
Students will then write their own 'want ads for a healthy eater'. The want ads should list specific characteristics of a healthy eater.
TIP: Encourage students to think of five specific ways they could help themselves become healthy eaters, and then plug those five things into the want ad. EX: Drink a glass of milk with every meal.
After the students have made their want ads, ask the students to share their want ads for healthy eaters with the rest of the class. Have the class discuss which characteristics might be the most important in becoming a healthy eater.
Give the students a chart in which they will fill in the characteristics they included on their want ads. The students will take the chart home and fill in a smiley face for the days in which they followed through on the healthy eating habits listed.
in Lexington, KY.
Posted on PEC: 2/18/2001.
This lesson plan was provided courtesy of P.E. Central (_URL_).
Products for This Lesson:


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FM256 Fluxgate Gradiometer
The FM256 instrument can be used in either scanning mode, to search rapidly for disturbed areas, or in logging mode, where detailed data are collected in parallel or zig-zag traverses. The data-logging facilities, with integral sample trigger, provide powerful functions for fast and efficient surveying, keeping track of survey position, and giving both audible and visual indication of current survey position. Data can be collected at up to 16 samples/m and stored in a 256000 reading memory.
Readings are displayed on an LCD display in either digital or analogue bar-graph form, the latter being useful for scanning. Backlight control for the LCD display enables work to continue in poor light conditions or short winter days; contrast adjustment improves visibility over temperature extremes. A Real Time clock facility is included which can be used to monitor progress since wristwatches are too magnetic for operators to wear. A Hold facility, which freezes the reading, is provided to allow easy sensor balancing. Although not often required, owing to the excellent stability of the instrument, any change in the instrument zero may be logged at the end of each grid and used to correct for drift. Geoplot software has standard processing routines that usually make drift correction logging unnecessary.
Cost effective upgrade routes allow existing FM18 and FM36 users to convert their instruments to FM256 specifications.
Readings are logged in a 256000 reading non-volatile memory which may be partitioned into square or rectangular grids with dimensions of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 or 100m - typically these are 20m or 30m square grids. The wide range of grid sizes allows you to tailor logging to your survey requirements. Sample and traverse intervals can be set to 1, 2, 4, 8 or 16 samples per metre, with 16 samples giving maximum resolution. The data logger keeps track of survey position, displaying the current grid, line and position and provides audio feedback. Instead of menu systems, the front panel has been designed to provide fast and direct access to logging functions using 8 dedicated keys. Readings and lines of readings taken by mistake can be deleted with one keystroke. A dummy reading can be inserted if a physical obstacle prevents a true reading being taken or a line may be completed with dummy readings, again with one keystroke. In zig-zag surveying these "Finish Line" dummy readings can be imaged with one keystroke - see keypad layout opposite. The 256000 reading memory is sufficient for 35 x 30m x 30m grids at 8 samples/m or 80 x 20m x 20m grids at 8 samples/m (about 3 hectares), allowing a full days data collection with no data transfer. Data is downloaded to a PC via an RS232 interface, typically into Geoplot or any other suitable program. Downloading the full 256000 readings takes as little as 15 minutes, depending on the output format chosen - 5 are provided. Logged data can be inspected without having to download first, allowing the user to monitor data quality as the survey proceeds.
SAMPLE TRIGGER OR MANUAL LOGGING
Data logging is usually performed under control of an integral sample trigger but can also be done manually, one reading at a time. Logging is usually performed using the start/stop switch or the keypad. If preferred, an external hand-log key is available for manual or sample trigger logging. Sample trigger logging provides increased data sampling and enhances data quality and interpretation without increase in survey time. Pressing the start/stop switch initiates a sequence of "beeps" that sound every metre whilst internally the gradiometer logs readings at the set sample interval. The operator walks along the survey line at a pace that ensures the "beeps" coincide with 1m marks along the tape - with practice the tape can be dispensed with for even faster surveys. The "beep" rate is variable between 0.4s and 3.0s, in 0.02s steps. Data can be logged at 8 samples/m at an average rate of 0.8s/m or faster, according to site. If a reading goes over-range, this is recorded in the data and is distinguishable from dummy readings. Both manual and sample trigger logging can operate in the digital averaging mode for improved data quality.
The FM256 automatically integrates the readings at all times so as to minimise system noise. Digital averaging can be selected to improve further the signal to noise ratio, useful on sites where anomaly strength is comparable with system noise. A wide range of averaging cycles (2 to 32), allows the user to optimise the trade off between significant noise reduction and optimum speed. Digital averaging is automatically used when Zeroing and using Log Zero Drift for improved accuracy.
The FM256 is powered by 2 "C" sized cells, either a NiMH battery pack with temperature sensor or 2 standard alkaline cells mounted in the holder provided. The instrument operating period with NiMH cells is 21 hours without LCD backlight, 15 hours with LCD backlight (44 hours and 31 hours respectively for alkaline cells). The NiMH cells can be fast charged in 4 hours from the universal voltage power supply which is supplied with worldwide pin adapters (the charging circuit prevents accidental charging of alkaline cells). Charging status (fast or trickle) is shown by a dual colour LED. Operation from standard alkaline cells allows operation in remote locations with no charging facilities. A separate, easily obtained, lithium battery is used to backup the non-volatile memory for up to 10 years. The main and backup batteries are housed under the instrument housing in two separate sealed compartments with external access, making battery changes simple. This preserves environmental seals and isolates any alkaline battery leakage.
PRACTICALITY AND DESIGN
The FM256 builds upon the rugged and reliable design of its predecessor, the FM36, making it an instrument that can be used in a diverse range of demanding environments, such as harsh desert conditions, the tumbles of student field courses, time critical commercial surveys and peace time military environments. The design retains the proven benefits of a 0.5m sensor separation which gives good mobility, good ground clearance and the option to carry the instrument higher above the ground. This flexibility allows it to operate in scrubland, brushwood, long grass and in other overgrown areas, where other sensor systems operating nearer the ground may be difficult to use. The use of a short tube means it is much less prone to buffeting by the wind which can introduce significant measurement errors. A 0.5m sensor separation provides good rejection of signals from nearby ferrous clutter such as iron or barbed wire fences allowing you to survey close to such interference.
The versatile and ergonomic design incorporates many features requested by FM36 users, provides an economic upgrade route for existing FM18 / FM36 users and can be expanded into a dual gradiometer system. Environmental sealing to IP65 standard or better is used and a gold connector system is used internally for maximum reliability, especially in higher humidity climates. A rugged tube is used to support the fluxgate sensors which are housed in a robust outer case. A geared alignment system provides excellent stability and very fine control when aligning the sensors for optimum performance.


Scoring system
Jump to: navigation, search
The scoring system is the logic used by Metascore software to evaluate proposals and perhaps also a users reputation system.
This is a preliminary description of how the scoring system will work. As Metascore develops, this may change substantially.
Proposal scoring
Proposals and debate
Anyone can make a proposal within a community, and for each proposal there is a debate. Each debate consists of posts by users, either in response directly to a proposal, or in response to other posts. Each post may be rated by any user as they please. Presentation of posts can be filtered by different factors, among them the rating they are given by the community. There is no limit on the number of proposals for any particular issue, nor on the complexity or simplicity of a proposal.
How proposals become policies
Each proposal is scored by users, if they wish to do so. Users may assign positive or negative scores to proposals, and may assign synthesis scores (see below). A proposal becomes and remains remains policy for as long as it can maintain a consensus score and is not contradicted by a law from a higher government (as decided by the courts of that higher government). In order to prevent overly-frequent transitions in policies, once a policy attains a consensus score, the threshold for removing the consensus score is raised somewhat (Schmitt trigger).
Synthesis scoring
In addition to scoring proposals, users may also provide a synthesis score in relation to two or more other proposals. The synthesis score reflects how effectively (in their opinion) the proposal synthesizes the other proposals, providing a proposal which they feel addresses the conflicting concerns of the proponents of the other proposals. In the consensus scoring, below, a synthesizing proposal effectively "steals" points from the proposals that it synthesizes.
Consensus scoring
A consensus score is a formula consisting of the positive and negative scores assigned to a proposal, and any synthesis scores applied to or against that proposal. Each of these scores is weighted by each user casting the scores. The formula for determining the consensus score will be crafted such that a proposal which does not have significant support from the community will not become a policy. To become a policy, a proposal must have a significantly higher score for it than against it, and must not be significantly synthesized by another proposal.
User scoring
Note that there has been significant dispute over the utility of user scoring. We will accommodate user scoring in early versions of Metascore and see what sort of effect it has when used in real-world systems.
User score
Each user has an overall sum score, which starts with a base score and is modified by ratings of one's posts, ratings of one's self, one's ratings of others, and various weighting factors. A user who registers as an individual person (as opposed to an anonymous e-mail address) is granted a very large multiplier bonus. Validated registration will not be possible until guiding nonprofit organizations are created and funded.
Post score
Each message one posts is scored by readers of the post who wish to score it. Those scores are then weighted by the reader's own overall score, and the reader's score in that topic and region.
Community factor
Each user has a score factor for each community. Being a registered member of a community gives one a large bonus in that community. Each post one makes in a community gives one a small bonus in that community, weighted by ratings of one's posts in that community.
General features of scores
User rating is essentially the quantification of trust. Similarly, item rating is essentially the quantification of support. Interest (in contrast to support) can be calculated by summing the number of users watching the debate. Ratings may have the following properties:
Ratings are static
Whenever anything is scored, all variables are calculated by their present values. A later change in a value does not affect that score. For example, if a reader with a low score rates a post, then later that reader accrues a much higher score; their rating of that post does not change with their own score. They can, however, re-rate a post, which would then override their previous rating.
Time deprecation
Each score degrades over time such that one tenth of the original score is subtracted each year, and after ten years, the score is removed entirely. The math for this subtraction will be constructed such that a diminishing score does not negatively impact a rating; only that it counts less and less as time progresses. Users may re-cast any score, which resets this deprecation.
Procedure for discussions.
Resolution: None.
Deadline: None.
Title: Metascore's scoring system
Author: Metagovernment
(Explanation of the problem.)
 - This very issue exposes a weakness in all of the current proposals; regardless of whether it's weighted or not, each proposes a simple yes or no. However, not all issues (notably including this very one) can simply be relegated to yes or no. In such an example (which may happen more often than not), we might instead allow voters to rank the 9 proposals, or their favorite three. Or, in another hypothetical, they might answer "Of the available US$50000, how much should we allocate to purchasing the new playground equipment?" and vote with their dollars. --Aaronwinborn 02:04, 7 May 2009 (UTC)
 - The problem with ranking available proposals is that they have to first be organized, ie: there needs to be some logical grouping of proposals within which the proposals are comparable. That kind of structure lends itself very easily to this kind of issue (what type of scoring system) but not very well to a more general question (should we raise taxes). It's possible to organize proposals by tag, and we could even have an 'issue' or 'problem' tag that organizes proposals by the problem meant to be solved, but, as with many things, each proposal will likely be an attempt to solve several problems at once (perhaps to their detriment). And, if a proposal has a very high rating with respect to one problem but a low rating with respect to another, it may be hard to tease out which components of a proposal are positive and which can be thrown. Leading to the possibility of someone taking a proposal apart into pieces (all related to the same question) in which a user may rate variations of the same proposal very similarly. It might be useful to impose some kind of structure on the proposals -- like, perhaps, have proposal-like objects that serve no function other than to identify a problem or issue. Users can vote on these 'issues' as to their relative importance. This would have the benefit of soliciting proposals with a purpose, organizing content, and allowing people to brainstorm collectively before a good solution is known. It would also facilitate a greater variety of scoring mechanisms, like that Aaron mentions above. At the same time, not every proposal would lend itself to this kind of structure, and so the structure may become limiting. Thoughts? --Jacki Buros 20:04, 11 June 2009 (UTC)
Proposal 1
Title: Nuanced, recursive scoring
Author: Ed Pastore
Users and proposals would each have a score in relation to each tag assigned to them. The score is an amalgam of the scores given to the proposal or user by other users. This is the original mechanism proposed on the Metagovernment website.
Users can assign a score of anywhere from -10 to 10 (where 0 is equivalent to a vote of "present" for quorum purposes).
Possible advantages and disadvantages of this system are presented below.
Builds consensus, scales well
In a system where there can be many, many competing proposals all attempting to address a single issue, users need a way to give nuanced support for proposals. If users are restricted to only voting for or against each proposal, then they either have to only vote for the proposals they feel are the very best, or they have to vote for many proposals, including ones they do not really like. Both scenarios create barriers to consensus.
User scoring allows increased participation
If users themselves do not have scores, then again people are restricted to on/off states. People either are fully allowed to participate in a community, or may not participate at all.
If instead users have nuanced user scores, then everyone can be allowed to participate in every discussion, and the user scores can act as a mechanism for mediating participation. Otherwise, how would a convicted criminal be allowed to participate in a community? Do they have to be completely excluded, or can they just be given a low score? Likewise, how can small children be allowed to participate in their community? Do we have to use an arbitrary cutoff like the age of 18? With a nuanced user score, absolutely everyone can participate, and the scoring system provides a natural balance to that participating.
 - Though a problem with a -10/+10 score would be does a final talley of 1 pass a measure where 10,000,000 voted -1 and 5,000,000 voted +2 with the tie breaker of +1? --Aaronwinborn 01:47, 7 May 2009 (UTC)
This issue is less problematic as the trust network becomes interconnected/robust and where voting is mapped to level of personal commitment (see logarithmic suggestion below). But at some level, with whatever voting system, there is no getting around the wildly swinging balance at the center of a deeply polarized issue. (Such behavior should be an automatic flag to send the proposal to a synthesis area for further review.) Marcos 02:11, 20 October 2009 (UTC)
 - Suggest logarithmic voting is more natural (and scales better) than linear (although it should be noted that many voting systems often describe and


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Event Archive - Galiano Ensemble Performs "Hungarian Inspiration": The Galiano Ensemble of Victoria
Wed. January 25th 2017 Phillip T. Young Recital Hall (Uvic) (All Ages)
8:00 pm doors at 7:30 pm
$33 ($30 seniors)
Tickets at: Ivy's Books, Munro's Books
You are warmly invited to join the Galiano Ensemble of Victoria for its first concert of 2017. The Ensemble will perform an assortment of enchanting pieces from several Hungarian composers and one Canadian composer.
Franz (Ferenc) Liszt was born in 1811 and was recognized as a virtuoso pianist from a young age. He was a conductor and prolific composer whose works are considered to have been very influential on 19th and 20th century composers. His Angélus! Prière aux anges gardiens (Prayer to the Guardian Angels) was dedicated to his granddaughter. This string orchestra arrangement was originally written for a melodeon (pump organ) or piano.
Bela Bartok was a composer, pianist and music teacher born in 1881. Bartok and Liszt are considered the two greatest Hungarian composers and Bartok is thought to have been one of the most important composers of the 20th century. Hungarian folks songs were a significant influence on his works. Bartok's Divertimento for String Orchestra was his last work, composed just before he reluctantly fled Hungary and emigrated to the United States in 1940 because of concerns about the war and his disdain for the Nazi regime.
Leó Weiner, a contemporary of Bartok, was a composer born in 1885. Weiner was also recognized as a leading Hungarian music educator during the first half of the 20th century. His interest in folk music is evident in many of his compositions including Hungarian Folk Tunes.
Srul Irving Glick, born in Toronto in 1934, was one of Canada's most prolific composers as well as a conductor, teacher and radio producer. He composed Suite Hébraïque No. 1 in 1961 while living in Paris and feeling nostalgic for his home and family. His father was a cantor and his affinity for Jewish music inspired many of his works.
Conductor Yariv Aloni and the orchestra are sure to provide an entertaining evening of chamber music so be certain to put this in your calendar and tell your friends!
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The Galiano Ensemble of Victoria (Chamber Orchestra)


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عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Preconditions for successful implementation of the Finnish standard for sustainable mining
ترجمه فارسی عنوان مقاله:
پیش شرط های اجرای موفقیت آمیز استاندارد فنلاند برای استخراج پایدار
Sciencedirect - Elsevier - The Extractive Industries and Society, 7 (2020) 611-620: doi:10:1016/j:exis:2020:03:008
Mining companies are facing various environmental and social challenges, ranging from ecological concerns to community relations issues. In Finland, mining companies have responded to these challenges by developing a sustainability initiative to increase their responsibility. This study is based on a questionnaire administered to senior mine managers to capture their views on the matter. This research argues that for successful implementation of the 'Towards Sustainable Mining Standard', organizations need certain leadership and management processes to support implementation. This research also argues that organizations need a set of sustainability initiatives to guide their operations towards improved environmental performance. This research shows that sustainability initiatives play an important role in mining companies' operations, and companies are committed to several initiatives in their businesses. Results show that top management commitment, adequate resource allocation, and a functioning management system with an emphasis on communication and stakeholder engagement are essential to support implementation.
Keywords: Mining industry | Sustainability initiative | Towards sustainable mining | Mining standard | Implementation


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Fruit Tree Installation and Care
Yes, you can grow organic, heirloom fruit trees in your garden in the San Francisco Bay Area! Get started with this workshop for fruit tree beginners in which you learn the basics of organic fruit tree care for apples, pears and plums. As we dive into the world of organic fruit trees and organic fruit tree care, you will learn everything you need to know to care for your tree for the first year: how to plant your tree, irrigate properly, fertilize with organic fertilizer, manage pests organically and winter prune (summer pruning is covered in a separate class).
This workshop will cover both 'pome' fruits and 'stone' fruits (apples, pears and plums) and will discuss varieties of apples, pears and plums best suited for San Francisco. While this class is intended for beginners, our instructor Matthew Sutton founder of Orchard Keepers: Ecological Tree Care will be available to answer any and all advanced-topic questions. Space is limited, register online.
- Event Phone:
- Event e-mail:
- Event URL:
- Wheelchair Accessibility:


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After clicking generate, QR codes are created to represent the resulting public address, public key, and the private key in both hexadecimal and WIF form. The QR codes can be converted to text with a double-click.
Private keys can optionally be encrypted with a password. If a private key is used, the encrypted key (NEP-2) will also be generated, which can be revealed by scrolling through the views with the 'N' button.
The tool can also be used to import wallets. This can turn it into a useful way to print paper backups of existing wallets, or to quickly check the public address or public key for a known private key, WIF, or encrypted key/password combination.
As an open source project, Ansy can be run locally. This can make it a convenient option for generating Neo wallets on a fully air-gapped machine. However, it can also be used to create new wallets in the browser with relative safety. Temporarily disabling extensions, running a malware scan, and disconnecting from the Internet are a few recommended steps to take before doing so.
You can find the Ansy github repository at the following link:


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A few days ago I posted about how overdominance, the fitness advantage of a heterozygote (an Aa genotype instead of an AA or aa genotype), can maintain polymorphism (genetic variation) within a population at a locus. Roughly, the equilibrium ratio between the two alleles is determined by their respective fitnesses in the homozygote state. For example, if AA & aa are of equal fitness and of lower fitness than the heterozygote then the final equilibrium frequencies will be 0.5.
Heterozygote advantage is intuitively comprehensible to many people, after all we've all heard of "hybrid vigor." During the genesis of theoretical evolutionary genetics some thinkers promoted the idea that balancing selection of various kinds, including heterozygote advantage, would result in a non-trivial proportion of extant genetic variation within a population. Coalescing around Sewall Wright and Theodosius Dobzhansky this was the "Balance School," which stood in contrast with the "Classical School" which took its lead from R.A. Fisher, who emphasized directional selection constraining polymorphism and either fixing or eliminating mutant alleles within a population. In 1966 Richard Lewontin and J.L. Hubby published A molecular approach to the study of genic heterozygosity in natural populations. II. Amount of variation and degree of heterozygosity in natural populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura (full paper at link), which showed that the extant of genetic variation as inferred from allozyme diversity was far greater than either the Balance or Classical School has predicted. At first Lewontin & Hubby offered the idea that selection for heterozyogosity might be maintaining the variation that they observed (Lewontin was a student of Dobzhansky), but soon enough they rejected this on theoretical grounds. The logic is simple, so I will first go through the formal motions.
Consider a population whose fitness can modeled as such:
mean fitness = 1 – (selection against p1)*(p12) – (selection against p2)*(p22)
Roughly, this model shows the decrement in fitness from the heterozygote maximum which is generated by resegregation of homozogyotes each generation within a population at equilibrium.1 The fitness of homozygotes is weighted by their frequency within the population, and this is removed from the ideal maximum, normalized to 1. But this is only at one locus. The reality is that organisms exhibit a complex genetic architecture and innumerable loci. So let's assume that fitness is multiplicative, that is, the sum total fitness of an organism is the product of fitness across individual loci. Ergo:
mean fitness across all loci = product of mean fitnesses across all loci
Let's assume that the fitness of the two homozygotes across a number of loci is the same so that the proportion of alleles 1 & 2 at each diallelic locus is 0.5. Our relation simplifies to2:
mean fitness across all loci = (1 – 0.5*(homozygote fitness))(number of loci)
Now, by definition we know that homozygote fitness is going to be less than 1 because we're modeling overdominance. Let's assume that the homozygotes are all of fitness 0.85 (selection against = 0.15), and assume that there are 100 such loci. We obtain a mean fitness of:
0.0004 = (1 – 0.5*0.150)100
So the you see the problem, if we assume widespread heterozygote advantage very few individuals within a population would resegregate across independent loci so as to attain the maximum fitness. In fact, if you assume that some of the homozygotes are lethal you are trapped by the same problem that you encounter in inbreeding: it becomes difficult for a zygote to run the gauntlet of the myriad possibilities of a fatal genetic combination and be viable.
Then why variation? Neutral Theory and its heirs!
1 – First, homozygote matings produce only homozygote matings. Second, matings of heterozygotes with homozygotes and other heterozygotes also produce homozygotes.
2 – The formalism would be mean(w) = 1 – s1p12 – s2p22, where s1 = s2 and p12 = p22. This means you really have 1 – sp2 – sp2, where p = 0.5, so algebraically it is equivalent to 1 – 0.5(s).

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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A biogas plant produces energy in the form of flammable gas by fermenting biomass (such as maze, manure or organic waste). This flammable gas is usually called biogas. Ever since Fukushima, renewable energies have come into focus. In 2013, renewable energies produced 152,5 billion kWh of electricity. This equals 7,6% of the German power consumption.
But how can biogas be transformed into utilizable energy? In order to derive heat or electricity, the biogas needs to be transported to a thermal power station. To ensure a safe and reliable transportation process, control valves such as ball valves or butterfly valves are required. Biogas contains acids, such as sulfuric acid, which can damage seals or control valves easily. Thus, high-quality materials are required. Ball valves and butterfly valves from NieRuf come with a high-quality PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) packing. As opposed to a FPM packing, a PTFE packing is completely resistant to acids, which makes it ideal for implementation within biogas plants.
To guarantee the highest quality and reliability, the DVGW (German Association for Gas and Water) developed specific biogas permissions for ball valves and butterfly valves. NieRuf offers only high quality and certified valves. Thus, we trust in ball valves and butterfly valves which are DVGW approved. This way, we contribute a little to making renewable energies safer and more efficient.


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While already available via apps mostly requiring a rooted device, the WiFi hotspot functionality was introduced as a "native feature" with Android 2.2 (aka Frozen Yoghurt aka Froyo). It allows to transform your Android device into a WiFi router, to which up to five other WiFi enabled devices can connect. This way they can not only access the Internet via the hotspot device's mobile data connection, but also communicate with each other.
As the hotspot creating device then needs to keep open multiple network interfaces simultaneously, its power consumption increases as well -- a fact to keep in mind when using this feature "on the road".
- tethering: Generic term for the facility to provide the device's data connection to other devices. Aside from wifi, this is also possible via usb-tethering and bluetooth-tethering
- reverse-tether: for the opposite direction (using another device's internet connection with your Android device). Usually this utilizes the laptop's/computer's internet connection via usb
- wifi-tethering: Similar to the above described hotspot functionality, there are things like ad-hoc-networks for point-to-point connections. These solutions usually require the Android device to be rooted.


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Are there things in your life that makes you sad? This little polar bear can name plenty. Follow along with the baby polar bear as he leaves his cozy den for the first time. The snow is cold, his tummy rumbles with hunger, and the ice he walks with his Mommy is thin and dangerous. Despite the sadness he feels as he misses his home, his Mommy reminds him that there are things to be happy about, even when they feel sad.
Filled from cover to cover with bright pictures of polar bears and the icy tundra of the Arctic, What Makes Me Sad? will assure your child that it's okay to be sad sometimes. Use the discussion questions at the back of this book to teach your child about the important topic of global warming and the need to protect both the polar bears and the planet, as well as help your child recognize their emotions and make connections to the world around them. What Makes Me Sad? will comfort your child with the knowledge that everyone feels sad sometimes, and you can rely on the people who love you to help you feel happy again.


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Thermal Stability vs. Crystallization of the Lithiumsilicate Glasses with Addition Zirconium Dioxide and Titanium Dioxide
The glasses with composition of Li2O. 2 SiO2. n ZrO2. n TiO2 (where n = 0; 0.015; 0.031; 0.050; 0.075; 0.1; 0.15; 0.2) were prepared and the relationship between structural and selected parameters of thermal stability vs. crystallization has been studied by differential thermal analysis. Structural analysis was provided by X–ray diffraction. The order of thermal stability vs. crystallization representing of activation energy of studied glass systems which increase with higher addition both oxides. The same order was obtained from the values of XRD. On the comparison the glasses with zero addition titanium dioxide their activation energy was much higher.
M. Liška, D. Galusek, R. Klement and V. Petrušková
V. Pavlík et al., "Thermal Stability vs. Crystallization of the Lithiumsilicate Glasses with Addition Zirconium Dioxide and Titanium Dioxide", Advanced Materials Research, Vols. 39-40, pp. 399-401, 2008


Huffpost UK Tech uk
Asteroid-Hunting Near-Earth Object Surveillance Satellite Into Space (PICTURES)
Posted: Updated:
Canadian Space Agency
Canadian Space Agency
A suitcase-sized satellite will be launched on Monday to help in our search for deadly asteroids.
The launch comes just two weeks after a dramatic meteorite impact in Russia injured 1,200 people.
The Near-Earth Object Surveillance Satellite is being launched by the Canadian Space Agency.
NEOSat will try to find and track huge rocks hurtling through space that could endanger Earth. It will also look for space debris in Earth's orbit which could be a threat to satellites and rockets.
The satellite will be able to monitor space in front of the sun - something which is very difficult for ground-based telescopes.
"The project with the CSA is essentially to survey the sky and get the best, improved near-Earth asteroid population and the ones that can sometimes cross Earth orbit," said Denis Laurin, a CSA space astronomy program scientist, reported
The satellite cost $25 million, and will orbit the Earth every 100 minutes at an orbit of about 497 miles.
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Interactive paper tearing
We propose an efficient method to model paper tearing in the context of interactive modeling. The method uses geometrical information to automatically detect potential starting points of tears. We further introduce a new hybrid geometrical and physical-based method to compute the trajectory of tears while procedurally synthesizing high resolution details of the tearing path using a texture based approach. The results obtained are compared with real paper and with previous studies on the expected geometric paths of paper that tears. Keywords: paper tearing, virtual paper, developable surfaces, modelling, animation.
Eurographics 2017, Computer Graphics Forum 36 (2), pp. 95-106 (2017).


text: This thread will give you short and simple stotras and shlokas that you can read, recite and teach your children. All you need is the knowledge of the Sanskrit alphabets and the willingness to read Sanskrit text, which is not at all difficult once you know the alphabets. Wherever possible, I have provided the meaning and audio files of the stotras. gaNesha-stavam We start with GaNesha. Here is a stotram called gaNesha-stavam that describes GaNesha as none other than the nirguNa brahman. Here is a link to download the pdf file of the stotram with embedded audio. ganeshastavam.pdf As you play the embedded audio, run your mouse over the recited words and learn to read and pronounce them correctly. After repeating it two or three times, you should be able to chant/sing the stotram along with the teacher and then independently. And once you are comfortable with reciting the stotram, try to explore the meaning of the words you recite, learning to match them against phrases in the meanings text. Once you can recite the stotram correctly and know its meaning vis-a-vis the Sanskrit words and phrases, you would find yourself contemplating on its content, learning to drench in the flow of bhakti rasam that teaches the jnAnam to dissolve the small self in the bigger Self. Wish you Godspeed for great times of learning ahead!


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Our friends from Fundacja Artystyczna PERFORM send us this self-care, reflection and community participation toolkit created thanks to the ideas and contributions of all the projects participating in CORE.
The CORE project has been created from the need to reflect on the role of individuals in modern society and the desire for new tools to build compassionate and empathetic communities, in which the needs of individuals are in harmony with the needs of larger groups. The project is designed as a self-exploration process that leads to understanding a broader context of our responsibility towards others. During the 9-day training course, 30 young workers from 10 European countries will investigate themselves in a group context and build awareness of their emotions, values and needs, in order to develop a sense of civic responsibility. We will adopt the perspective of the community, feel the power of unity and unlock the creative potential to generate commitment, empathy and responsibility in each individual.
YOU CAN DOWNLOAD THE RESOURCE HERE: DownloadProject-CORE_WELL-BEING-TOOLKIT-1


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Landscapes of Development analyzes the impact of development policies and politics on the physical environment of the Eastern Mediterranean, a region defined here not as a rigid geographical area but as a larger cultural context. Since the end of World War II, the drive toward development has featured dreams of progress and emancipation intertwined with processes of reconstruction, decolonization, and nation-building, as well as transnational agendas for socioeconomic restructuring (capitalist or otherwise) and larger postwar/Cold War power politics. In physical terms, the drive toward development has been responsible for the rapid growth of metropolitan centers, the radical restructuring of rural landscapes, and the proliferation of dams, irrigation systems, and other infrastructures.
Eight essays examine formal manifestations of development, placing the spotlight on urban and rural schemes, housing projects, and agro-landscapes and dams from Israel to Turkey, and from Greece to Syria. These contributions are all grounded in new scholarly research, employing a variety of critical tools to situate built works within the larger sociopolitical context that influenced their design and implementation, and to reflect on their social, cultural, and environmental impact.


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KAMY is a climate justice and feminist organisation led by young people to push for the climate emergency declaration in Malaysia. We believe that nurturing meaningful partnership, peacebuilding and strengthening constituencies across civil society organisations and vulnerable groups like Indigenous communities, women and youth, set the foundation for people-led climate action.
WHO IS KAMY?
Facilitate civil society discussion across Malaysian grassroots and CSOs in Malaysia to understand how the climate crisis affects their work and resistance. Providing platforms founded on transparency, representation and inclusion in democratic decision-making to compile comprehensive recommendations, guidance, aspirations and reporting to be presented to the government, policymakers and other stakeholders such as UN treaty bodies.
Mainstreaming the core of gender justice across all our operations to safeguard women's leadership in climate governance and foster meaningful climate adaptation and resilience implementations across communities.
RIGHT TO CLIMATE INFORMATION
The radical shift from the urban and Global North narrative of the climate discourse in Malaysia by supporting independent, local and quality climate journalism and community storytelling. Access to climate information is a human right, especially to vulnerable communities such as Indigenous People, farmers, fisherfolk, migrants and undocumented.
Using peacebuilding mechanisms like cultural, creativity, and art partnerships to mend relationships, forge healing and understanding, and build trust with vulnerable communities.
Facilitate coalition building and forming action networks across youth groups, grassroots communities, CSOs and NGOs at the local, national, regional and global levels.
Organising peaceful protests, rallies, discussions, podcasts, documentaries, training and intersectional workshops, etc., capacity building. Create safe spaces to lobby for climate policies that are fair and equitable to the people.
Increasing the resilience of vulnerable communities such as Orang Asli women and youth in improving social and financial security such as; get help during disasters, disaster risk reduction, climate reparation, health, nutrition, education, access to justice and decision making spaces.
KAMY PROGRAM STRUCTURE
Ili Nadiah Dzulfakar
Weaving Hopes researcher
Lensa Iklim Coordinator
Lensa Iklim Intern
Social Media Officer
Research Associate Lensa Iklim
Curator Resource Hub
Special Committee #1


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CO2 drop checkers for your aquarium
If the plant aquarium is fertilized with carbon in the form of carbon dioxide. A drop checker is used to permanently monitor the CO2 content of the aquarium water. This permanent test consists of a test fluid, which is located inside a container. This container is usually made of glass or acrylic glass and is installed inside the aquarium. The test fluid is in no direct contact with the aquarium water. An air-filled channel is located between the test fluid and the aquarium water. CO2 dissolved in the aquarium water diffuses through this layer of air and reacts with the testing fluid, which indicates through its colour an optimal (green), too low (blue) or too high (yellow) CO2 content in the water. In an aquascape or in aquariums with many aquatic plants, concentrations of 20 to 30 mg / l CO2 are aimed at. If the test reagent turns green, this content is reached. Please note that the liquid in the drop checker always indicates the CO2 with a time lag of several hours. In order to combine the green hue with a certain CO2 concentration, the test liquids such as the Aqua Rebel CO2 Check 250 ml have a fixed carbonate hardness.
A measurement of the CO2 content in this way is much more faithful than measuring directly in the aquarium water or calculating with CO2 conversion tables. In both cases, the pH of the water plays a role in determination - and the pH can be influenced, for example, by acids dissolved in the water or by humic substances! That makes these evaluations quite inaccurate.
We offer a vast selection of drop checkers in our online shop. The required testing fluids can be purchased through our webshop as well. The checkers are made of either plastic or glass. Especially the glass checkers are very attractive and fit well into the overall look of an aquascape.
You have trouble filling your drop checker? No problem, we have a guide for you in our Aquascaping Wiki.


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Simcad Pro Training and Tutorials
Object Assembly and Disassembly Simulation
simulation training & tutorials
Author: CreateASoft Inc./Friday, May 23, 2014/Categories: Assembly and DisAssembly
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 - In the "Object Definition and Containment" interface, create 2 objects "Boxes" and "Truck." Select the "display object value" box.
 - Click on the Truck object and select object components.
 - Add Boxes to the definition of the truck, define 6 boxes per truck. Do not check any other option in the component definition.
 - Create a Start process that creates trucks. In the Object creation rules, check the "Stop after…" box, and define 2 in the number section. The start process will create only 2 trucks.
 - Create a Start process that creates boxes.
 - Create a generic process called Load truck, Open its buffers/capacity settings (Row 2) interface. Click on Define Q limits.
 - Add Truck and Boxes to the Q Limits section, and then set the count of 2 for trucks, and 3 for boxes. That separates the queue into different capacity segments.
 - In the advanced settings, open the Assembly/Disassembly interface. Click on "Enable object assembly" and select the "Assemble" column for truck to indicate that the truck will be assembled.
 - Create a Generic process called Unload Truck and set its Assembly/Disassembly settings to split the grouped object, and split after processing. Do not delete the container as the truck will be reused for another load.
 - Create an End process called End Boxes.
 - Create the flow;
 - Start (Trucks) to load truck
 - Start (Boxes) to load truck
 - Load truck to unload truck
 - Unload truck to load truck
 - Unload truck to end boxes
 - Edit the properties of the Unload truck and select object routing from the process routing settings.
 - Edit the routing, and set the object based routing option where;
 - Boxes go to the End boxes process
 - Truck go to the Load truck process
 - Run the simulation, 2 trucks are loaded in the Load truck process, then unloaded in the unload truck before they cycle again to the loading area.
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CEE Task Force
The European Women's Lobby (EWL) is the largest umbrella organisation of women's associations in the European Union (EU), working to promote women's rights and equality between women and men. EWL membership extends to organisations in all 28 EU member states and the three candidate countries, as well as to 20 European-wide bodies, representing a total of more than 2500 organisations.
On the 10th Anniversary of the EU-membership of the countries in East Central European, Baltic and Balkan states, there are serious concerns about the extent to which EU membership has brought benefits in terms of gender equality. Challenges in terms of gender pay gap, low women's political participation, violence against women and limited political space for women's organisations persist and in some cases are growing. Therefore EWL membership has identified a need to come together to discuss common strategies to address institutional, human rights and economic aspects of gender inequality in East Central European, Baltic and Balkan states. The purpose of the CEE Task Force is to:
Share information and learning amongst Members of the EWL in East Central European, Baltic and Balkan states to identify any gaps and synergies.
Strengthen joint strategies for advancing gender equality and challenging resistance.
Design and implement common projects
The CEE Task Force had its first meeting on 19-21 January 2015, to share information, develop a common analysis of the threats and opportunities for women's rights in the region, as well as to develop common intervention strategies to address the backlash and bolster support for women's rights.


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Cartography, Landforms and Landform Analysis
Shoreline Community College (Two Year College)
Geography 205 is an introductory course to physical geography. This course, the first of a two course series (the other is Geography 206: Weather, Climate and Ecosystems) for Physical Geography at Shoreline Community College. The course focuses on the formal study of the earth's surface and the various physical systems that interact with, and shape, its surface. Particular attention is given to the earth's landforms, including formation processes, interpretation and representation. These topics will be presented within the context of a global, North American and local (Pacific Northwest and the Puget Sound) perspective. In addition to the emphasis placed on map interpretation, some emphasis is also placed on graphic and statistical data interpretation.
1) Students should be able to use the tools and working terminology of physical geographers.
2) Students should be able to locate and interpret types of landforms that are represented on maps.
3) Students should be able to understand the physical processes influencing the earth's landforms.
4) Students should be able to appreciate the role of human activity on landform processes and the importance of different types of landforms to humans.
1) Interpret distances and elevations from cartographic, graphic and statistical sources.
2) Analyze and describe scale, direction and distance relationships quantitatively and qualitatively.
3) Establish elevation and distance estimates based on interpretation and calculation of information from topographic maps.
4) Use equations to represent physical processes influenceing the landscape.
5) Calculate probabilities and rates of events in the landscape.
6) Identify, interpret, analyze and describe physical processes in the landscape using topographic maps, statistical tables, visual images and graphic information.
7) Experience group problem solving.
8) Assess and describe limitations of quantitative descriptions and measurements of physical processes.
References and Notes:
Geography 205 Reading Packet


Photo of chorizo sausage on a chopping board
Antibiotic residues in 'uncured' sausages such as chorizo, pepperoni and salami may kill friendly bacteria that keeps the meat fresh
Antibiotic residues in sausage meat increase the likelihood of food poisoning
28 August, 2012
Natural Health News — Antibiotic residues in uncured pepperoni or salami meat are potent enough to weaken helpful bacteria that processors add to acidify the sausage and make it safe for consumption
Sausage manufacturers commonly treat sausage meat with lactic-acid-producing bacteria to control the fermentation process so that the final product is acidic enough to kill pathogens that might have existed in the raw meat. Sausages such as like pepperoni, salami, or chorizo are commonly treated this way. But, by killing the bacteria that produce lactic acid, antibiotic residues can allow pathogenic bacteria to proliferate.
Fermented sausages have occasionally been known to cause serious bacterial infections, but it's never been understood why.
Now in a laboratory study published in the online journal mBio, researchers at the University of Copenhagen, Denmark, and University College Cork, Ireland, found that antibiotic concentrations within limits set by US and European Union (EU) regulators are high enough to slow fermentation, the process that acidifies the sausages and helps destroy foodborne pathogens like Salmonella or E. coli.
The results show antibiotics can potentially have a paradoxical effect by reducing the effectiveness of bacteria that should make the sausages safe but not affecting the bacteria that can cause food poisoning.
Antibiotics used on the farm to blame
So how can we be sure antibiotic residues don't interfere with the safety of these products?
The ultimate solution would be to address the problem at source by eliminating the use of antibiotics as growth promoters on the farm and closely monitoring the use of antibiotics in treating farm animal diseases.
The European Union and other countries have banned the use of antibiotics in livestock as growth promoters, though the US remains reluctant to follow suit. However it should be pointed out that the sausage meat samples in this study still had enough antibiotic residues to cause problems. This may be because some unscrupulous farmers 'treat' their livestock with antibiotics when they aren't really sick.
What's in a cure?
The curing process for meat was created out of the need to keep it from spoiling during storage. Curing agents also give these meats a specific flavour that is hard to imitate without them. This is why organic certifiers, controversially, say they allow nitrites and nitrates in organic bacon and other cured meats.
For centuries salt and saltpetre were used to cure meat. Today there are many different levels of curing and in reality even those meat that claim to be 'uncured' have gone through some kind of curing process such as lactic acid fermentation.
Some will still contain nitrates because natural curing agents like celery, beet and spinach juice as well as sugar and sea salt also naturally contain nitrites (which can convert to nitrates). During treatment with natural curing agents the true amount of nitrate formed is unknown and impossible to measure because nitrite reacts quickly with meat components.
In reality most uncured meats are simply those that don't have sodium nitrate or sodium nitrite specifically added as preservatives.
So is cured meat 'better'?
Whatever the advantages in terms of food preservation, cured meat is still problematic from a health perspective.
Under certain not entirely predictable conditions, the natural breakdown products of proteins known as amines can combine with nitrites preservatives to form compounds known as nitrosamines.
Nitrosamines are the same chemicals found in cigarette smoke. There are many different types of nitrosamines, most of which are known carcinogens. Cooking both cured and uncured meats at a very high heat (as in frying) may promote the formation of nitrosamines called heterocyclic amines, or HCAs.
A cancer risk
Most recently the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) has concluded that consumption of cured meats is a big risk factor for bowel cancer.
The joint WCRF/AICRS 540-page report, Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of cancer: a Global Perspective was produced by a large expert panel of scientists from around the world and found convincing evidence of the link between the foods we eat and several types of cancer. Some of its recommendations can be found in a user-friendly format here.
Specifically it found that including just 1.8 ounces of processed meat a day – the equivalent of one sausage or three pieces of bacon – raises your risk of developing bowel cancer by 20%.
In 20011 an update and review of the evidence by WCRF prompted this conclusion:
"There is strong evidence that … processed meats are causes of bowel cancer, and that there is no amount of processed meat that can be confidently shown not to increase risk …Try to avoid processed meats such as bacon, ham, salami, corned beef and some sausages."
Rethinking cured and uncured meats
Diets high in processed meats tend to displace healthier foods with known cancer-fighting properties such as fruits and vegetables and unprocessed grains and pulses.
In addition to bowel cancer, other studies have also found that processed meats increase your risk of colon cancer by 50%, bladder cancer by 60%, stomach cancer by 38%, pancreatic cancer by 67%,
Processed meats may also increase your risk of diabetes by 50%, as well as increasing your risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Although the current research on uncured meats is preliminary it does underscore the fact that both cured and uncured meats are probably best left as a minimal part of the diet, if they are eaten at all.


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Oyster mushrooms: these mushrooms commonly known as dhingri in India, grow in the tropical to temperate regions and are usually seen growing on the decaying wood logs and, dying trunks of coniferous trees etc. Oyster mushrooms have a quite different shell or spatula (oyster) looking body. The cultivation of this mushroom started in the mid seventies owing to the nutritional benefits of high protein content i.e. much higher that the compared vegetables, constituents vitamin C, B and significant folic acid content helping to cure anemia. High potassium and low fats, carbohydrate and sodium content and finally an antibiotic compound pleurotin obtained from oyster mushrooms.
Button mushrooms: these mushrooms are the most widely consumed mushrooms. Although earlier the production was limited to the winter season but technology has taken its toll to continue production throughout the year now. The usual variety grown is the white button mushrooms. The cultivation of button mushrooms started in the 16th century but the commercial growth took place in the 17th century in European countries while a high technological produce started in 19th century and has been successfully going for over 4 decades now. The button mushrooms protein content is quite absorbable and 60%- 70% of protein is assimilated which is maximum for any other. The high amount of retene in the mushroom has the antagonistic effect on some form of tumors resulting in the medicinal use of the mushrooms while the other high protein content makes it a food for the common masses.
Milky Mushrooms: these mushrooms have been gaining popular in terms of its consumption. This mushroom has a similar growing pattern of the oyster mushroom i.e. to be grown in high temperature regions of Karnataka or Tamil Nadu and the growth too is similar to oyster mushrooms. Nutritionally, milky mushrooms are high on the protein content whereas very low in the fats and quite low in the starch and sodium contents. It also contains 12 essential amino acids for the replenishing of the body. They are called milky mushrooms owing to the pure white look of the mushroom looking as if it is full of milk.
Hence all the three mushrooms differ only in a slight in the constituent elements, minerals and vitamins but are quite different in the appearance of each, the growing conditions and pattern of each and even the taste and flavor that they provide.


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Wisconsin honors Hoard
Wisconsin honors Hoard
Sunday, October 10, 2010, marked the first official observance of W. D. Hoard Day in the State of Wisconsin. Although this is the first official recognition of W.D. Hoard Day, in reality, Wisconsin residents have been observing this holiday for many decades as dairy continues to be a major economic driver in the Badger state's economy. Agriculture accounts for 12.5 percent of the state's economy, representing $59.16 billion and dairy accounts for $26.5 billion of that total or nearly 45 percent of agriculture's economic activity.
"Governor Hoard was a great champion of our dairy industry, and his hard work helped make Wisconsin the dairy leader it is today," said Governor Jim Doyle. "I am proud to sign this bill into law to establish Governor Hoard's birthday as a holiday," Doyle said at the bill signing earlier this year.
William Dempster Hoard was born in Stockbridge, N.Y., October 10, 1836, and he migrated to Wisconsin in 1857. An admirer of Lincoln, he traveled far to hear him debate and was among the first in his community to respond to Lincoln's call for troops in 1861. After joining the 4th Wisconsin Infantry (later cavalry), he was stricken with break-bone fever in 1862 and was forced to leave the service but re-enlisted in 1864 and served through to the end of the Civil War.
After several minor business ventures, he launched a weekly newspaper, the Jefferson County Union, at Lake Mills, in 1870. Three years later, he moved to Fort Atkinson where the newspaper has since been published. One year later, in order to combat the depletion and erosion of soil resources brought about by a one-crop system of agriculture, W. D. Hoard founded the first dairymen's association in Jefferson County, Wisconsin. One year later, he led the "seven wise men" in founding the Wisconsin Dairymen's Association. Through it the dairy industry became the backbone of a permanent, soil-building and conserving type of agriculture.
In 1873, W.D. Hoard secured a reduction in freight rates and obtained the first refrigerator car ever to ship Wisconsin cheese to eastern markets. And Wisconsin has been shipping cheese out of state ever since with 90 percent of Wisconsin's milk being turned into cheese to this very day.
In 1885, his crusading for a prosperous, soil-building agriculture prompted the founding of Hoard's Dairyman, the national dairy farm magazine. His qualities of leadership were quickly recognized by his state and the nation.
Upon being elected Governor of Wisconsin in 1888, he pioneered in the fight against food adulteration which was commonplace throughout the nation. The nation's first Dairy and Food Commission, which he created, became a defender in the public interest against the rapidly spreading malignancy of misbranding and adulteration of human food.


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Toss a fair coin six times. What is probability of :
 - a- all heads
 - b- one head
 - c- two heads
 - d- an even number of heads
 - e- at least four heads.
I have the answers so I ask if you could explain how you should derive rather than just giving me the answers please.
I know for a, you just multiple 1/2 6 times. But for the rest I need your help please.
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up vote 3 down vote accepted
There are $2^6$ possible outcomes, one for each sequences of six heads-or-tails.
a. How many sequences of six tosses have all heads? One. Since there is one good outcome and $2^6$ possible outcomes, then the probability is $$\frac{1}{2^6}.$$
b. How many sequences of six tosses have exactly one head? Six (pick which toss is heads). So the probability of getting exactly one head is...
c. How many possible sequences have exactly two heads? Pick the two tosses that are heads; then you get...
d. An even number of heads means either no heads, two heads, four heads, or six heads. There is one sequence with no heads, one sequences with six heads, then xxx sequences with two heads, and yyy sequences with four heads. So the total number of "good" outcomes is $1+1+$xxx$+$yyy. So the probability is...
e. At least four heads... that means either no tails, one tail, or two tails. You already figured each of those in (a), (b), and (c) (well, for heads, but you can see that it's the same answer if you want to know the probability of "exactly one head" and the probability of "exactly one tail", right?). So...
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Do you know Pascal's triangle? The line 1 6 15 20 15 6 1 (just below the bottom one shown in the article) is the one you want. For two heads, you can choose the first head in 6 ways, then the second in 5, but you have counted each possibility twice (two different orders). Thus there are 6*5/2=15 ways to get two heads and the probability is $\frac{15}{2^6}$. For e you just add the chance of 4, 5, and 6.
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In the Illusion of Sex, two faces are perceived as male and female. However, both faces are actually versions of the same androgynous face. One face was created by increasing the contrast of the androgynous face, while the other face was created by decreasing the contrast. The face with more contrast is perceived as female, while the face with less contrast is perceived as male. The Illusion of Sex demonstrates that contrast is an important cue for perceiving the sex of a face, with greater contrast appearing feminine, and lesser contrast appearing masculine.
Russell, R. (2009) A sex difference in facial pigmentation and its exaggeration by cosmetics. Perception, (38)1211-1219.


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BARBARA CASSIDY/FOUNDER OF RIDGE KIDSCOMMUNITY
INVOLVEMENT: In this era of science and technology, many students seem to be moving further away from honing their writing skills. Barbara Cassidy, a playwright with the New York Writers Coalition and teaching adjunct at several New York schools, has brought together students who are struggling to discover their inner writer and helps them find it.Cassidy is the creator of two groups, Ridge Kids which works out of the Brooklyn Public Library, and WriteON!, a program through which aspiring writers can openly share their work with their peers.It's almost like an open mic for kids, Cassidy explains. They can read their plays, poems or stories to other writers their own age.The way Cassidys involvement in the community came about can be seen through her background as a teacher. Schools are more about teaching tests these days and are leaving kids not enjoying school, she said. Instead, young students need to be encouraged to be creative and imaginative. To solve this issue, Cassidy started Ridge Kids and WriteON!
MOTIVATION: Cassidys motivation for helping young writers find their voice stems from her own childhood. In the third grade, Cassidy wrote her first play. She was so proud that she wanted her class to perform it together. And as I told my teacher about my play, Cassidy recalled, she looked at my work and put it in her side drawer. It was never brought up again.Given that the moment had such a profound impact on young Cassidys life, you could only imagine why she wants all young writers to be heard. The biggest thing for these kids is to get encouragement, Cassidy contends. With that they have endless possibilities.
LOOKING AHEAD: Cassidy is still working hard at helping writers find their voice. She has started experimenting with a new technique of having her students speak into a voice recorder, allowing their words to come out naturally. They then sit down and write what was said and, as Cassidy puts it, are amazed that those ideas on paper were the ones in their heads.Cassidy continues to explore new ways to help aspiring writers. She has just started a new project, working with blind writers, which she hopes will be a great learning experience.


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Sierra Toolkit Version of the Day
|TimeBlockSynchronized (Timer &timer, ParallelMachine mpi_comm, bool start_timer=true)|
Class TimeBlockSynchronized is a time sentry for timing a statement block. The timer is generally started upon construction. But, the start is delayed if the second argument is false. In this case, manually start the timer by calling the start() function. This gives the safety of using a sentry, but does not force to awkwardness associated with local variables crossing the timed block.
Prior to starting the timer, an MPI synchronization barrier is set so that the timing of routines which require MPI communication will all be at a known location prior to executing.
Creates a new TimeBlockSynchronized instance. If start_timer is true, then the timer is started using the start(). An MPI_Barrier is called to synchronize the start of the timer. The destructor will always stop a started timer.
|timer||a Timer reference to the timer to start.|
|mpi_comm||a MPI_Comm value of the mpi communicator.|
|start_timer||a bool value to start the timer on construction.|


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This colorful paper tray will make Mother's Day (or any day!) extra special.
What You'll Need:
- Large box lid (from a file box or similar)
- Acrylic paint: assorted colors
- Jump rope
Note: Adult help needed.
Step 1: Turn the box lid so the edges face up to form a tray, and paint the inside. Let dry.
Step 2: Once the inside is dry, paint the bottom and sides of the tray another color. Let dry. Add polka dots or another design around the outside, and paint flowers on the inside. Let dry.
Step 3: Ask a grown-up to help you use scissors to poke 2 holes in both ends of the tray. The holes should be 5 to 6 inches apart.
Step 4: Cut an 8- or 9-inch section from each end of the jump rope. Thread one section through the holes on each side of the box, with the rope's plastic handle between the holes and on the outside of the box. Knot the ends of the rope on the inside of the box to secure the handle.
Now use the tray to bring a treat to someone special!


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amercementArticle Free Pass
amercement, in English law, an arbitrary financial penalty, formerly imposed on an offender by his peers or at the discretion of the court or the lord. Although the word has become practically synonymous with "fine," there is a distinction in that fines are fixed by statute, whereas amercements are decided by the court. Originally, an amercement represented a commutation of a sentence that required the forfeiture of goods, while a fine was an arrangement agreed upon between the judge and the prisoner to avoid imprisonment. Magna Carta (1215) attempted to regulate the assessment of amercements.
What made you want to look up "amercement"? Please share what surprised you most...


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Consuming your placenta may sound completely strange right? Many women believe in placenta benefits but are not loving the whole idea of eating it. That's why hiring a Placenta Specialist is so helpful, you never have to look at it or touch a thing! It comes back to you all prepared in capsules - looking just like a regular vitamin, but with amazing benefits for both mom and baby and should be considered by all!
Baby blues can effect up to 80% of women within the first week of birth when her hormones drop to the levels she had before conception. The dramatic drop in hormones can cause many severe emotional and physical changes for the new mother which may impact her in a negative way, such as experiencing baby blues and even worse postpartum depression. Women who consume their placenta report fewer emotional issues and a more enjoyable babymoon. Who wouldn't want that?!
Here's what moms are reporting:
- Helps to balance hormones
- Increases your energy levels
- Increases and enhances milk production
- Decreased anxiety, baby blues, and postpartum depression
- Naturally replenishes depleted iron levels and lost nutrients
- Assists the uterus to return to its pre-pregnancy state
- Reduces post-natal bleeding
- Lowers the chance of Postpartum Depression
- Aids in a Rapid Post-natal Recovery
- Makes for a happier, more enjoyable post-natal period


Have you had a dying succulent? Maybe one or two or three or four or more. If the answer is yes, then these tips will definitely help you.
Learn to spot a dying succulent
Tip number one. How to save a dying succulent is to learn to spot one. The very first thing that you need to know is that early detection is the key. When some people would see that their succulents look like dying and they would start freaking out and would start going crazy with watering which only makes things worse.
So what are the early signs of a dying succulent? A dying succulent would have a darkening base. If you would look at the leaves of the plant, the upper part looks healthy but the base is showing signs of rotting. This is a telltale sign of a dying succulent. A base that's constructing with the brown rotting color.
Locate the healthy part of the plant
Once you have identified the sick succulent, we will now proceed to tip number two on how to save a dying succulent. Locate the healthy part of the plant if you are quick enough, you will still have healthy parts to recover and usually are the leaves and the stem that look more green and healthy. Make sure to cut the stem about an inch away from the rotting section.
Make sure no sign of rot
Tip number three. After cutting, check the tip and make sure that there is no sign of rot and that the tip has a citrusy smell instead of a pungent mouldy odour. Also make sure that the tip is calloused over which is roughly two to three days after cutting and once all of these are checked it's time to proceed to tip number four which is to plant it in a temporary pot.
Put succulents in a controlled environment
Tip number four. It is important to put a succulent in a controlled environment with no precipitation or source of moisture and no harsh sun exposure. Hence, you can put your succulent indoors if the weather condition you are staying is too hot for a recovering plant to deal with.
Propagate a dying succulent
Tip number five on how to save a dying succulent which is to pluck of the healthy leaves off of the dying plant and propagate them. A suggestion that you still try to propagate even when the leaves that look less likely to sprout roots because most of the times they still do. So aside from replanting the part of the plant that still looks healthy, propagating the leaves gives you higher chance of still getting that same succulent going.
A very important tip before watering, test all sides of your succulent soil with your moisture meter. As long as your pot still registers some moisture, postpone watering so even if it's just shown 2 in your moisture meter, it is still overwatering to the soil. Remember the best tip to save a dying succulent is early detection and checking for moisture all over the pot.


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Since 1993, RAN's Protect-an-Acre program (PAA) has distributed more than one million dollars in grants to more than 150 frontline communities, Indigenous-led organizations, and allies, helping their efforts to secure protection for millions of acres of traditional territory in forests around the world.
Rainforest Action Network believes that Indigenous peoples are the best stewards of the world's rainforests and that frontline communities organizing against the extraction and burning of dirty fossil fuels deserve the strongest support we can offer. RAN established the Protect-an-Acre program to protect the world's forests and the rights of their inhabitants by providing financial aid to traditionally under-funded organizations and communities in forest regions.
Indigenous and frontline communities suffer disproportionate impacts to their health, livelihood and culture from extractive industry mega-projects and the effects of global climate change. That's why Protect-an-Acre provides small grants to community-based organizations, Indigenous federations and small NGOs that are fighting to protect millions of acres of forest and keep millions of tons of CO2 in the ground.
Our grants support organizations and communities that are working to regain control of and sustainably manage their traditional territories through land title initiatives, community education, development of sustainable economic alternatives, and grassroots resistance to destructive industrial activities.
PAA is an alternative to "buy-an-acre" programs that seek to provide rainforest protection by buying tracts of land, but which often fail to address the needs or rights of local Indigenous peoples. Uninhabited forest areas often go unprotected, even if purchased through a buy-an-acre program. It is not uncommon for loggers, oil and gas companies, cattle ranchers, and miners to illegally extract resources from so-called "protected" areas.
Traditional forest communities are often the best stewards of the land because their way of life depends upon the health of their environment. A number of recent studies add to the growing body of evidence that Indigenous peoples are better protectors of their forests than governments or industry.
Based on the success of Protect-an-Acre, RAN launched The Climate Action Fund (CAF) in 2009 as a way to direct further resources and support to frontline communities and Indigenous peoples challenging the fossil fuel industry.
Additionally, RAN has been a Global Advisor to Global Greengrants Fund (GGF) since 1995, identifying recipients for small grants to mobilize resources for global environmental sustainability and social justice using the same priority and criteria as we use for PAA and CAF.
Through these three programs each year we support grassroots projects that result in at least:


Carnegie Mellon research suggests our view of COVID-19 is going to change with 'digital surveillance'
Correction: Quidel is providing tests for flu, not for COVID-19, as stated in a prior version of this article. The Delphi group expects to begin nowcasting in some weeks from now.
Doctors, researchers, and governments never have the full view of a disease outbreak at any given point in time. The full extent, indeed, may ultimately be unknowable, as scientists have pointed out.
And the extent of society's lack of knowledge is coming to light in the scrutiny of COVID-19 models.
New York governor Andrew Cuomo's daily briefings reveal the uncertainty in the multiple models of the disease. Popular media has pointed out where the models get it wrong, including "hidden" outbreaks spreading through American cities and vastly higher case counts than official tallies.
The problem is the way that COVID-19 has been estimated, and the forecasts that have been created, are a rather blunt instrument based on an epidemiological forecasting approach created 100 years ago.
That's about to change.
On Thursday, scientists at Carnegie Mellon University, one of two "centers of excellence" for research into influenza (the other being UMass at Amherst) unveiled a combination of five maps of symptoms reported all over the country by people who are feeling something that might be COVID-19, though it could be something else.
You can see the five maps at COVIDcast, the CMU website set up by the lab running the experiment, Delphi, lead by professors Roni Rosenfeld and Ryan Tibshirani, both of whom are from CMU's Department of machine learning. Tibshirani also has an appointment with CMU's Department of Statistics.
This combined symptom map at COVIDcast is an example of digital surveillance having real-time information by which to track the emergence of disease and to see its subtleties and nuances at the scale of localities. The sources include surveys filled out by Facebook users, users of Google Opinion Rewards, and Quidel Corp (a maker of medical tests, which records when people order a flu test, which can a possible indicator that a person is feeling symptoms akin to those of COVID-19).
The gathering of this data in real-time will eventually lead to what is called "nowcasting,"a practice that has evolved over the past decade as a way to get around the slow pace of which epidemiological data is accumulated. The COVID-19 team at Delphi has been perfecting nowcasting for eight years to predict seasonal influenza on behalf of the Centers for Disease Control.
Their approach for influenza relied on reported cases passed along from health care providers. This data, labeled ILINet, is a week old, meaning the patients that doctors see are not reported until the Friday of the following week.
The Delphi team developed nowcasting as a way to fuse real-time data such as Google search data about how many people search for symptoms of flu. Using a statistical approach, they amplify what the medical reports are saying by folding in what the real-time reports say.
The Delphi group is now building upon that expertise with the flu to create a new forecasting approach for COVID-19. Using the digital surveillance data of voluntary reporting, and the sensor fusion approach of combining multiple sources of data, they will start providing forecasts of the disease in the coming weeks based on the nowcast picture of things. Once they begin the forecasts, Delphi intend to add nowcasting of COVID-19.
The COVID-19 effort is not simply an extension of the influenza forecasting. It will require new statistical approaches because COVID-19 is not the same as seasonal influenza.
"What we're observing now is nothing like what we've observed with historical flu," Tibshirani remarked during a presentation at the COVID-19 and AI conference on April 1, sponsored by Stanford University's Institute for Human-Centered AΙ. "By definition of a pandemic, [COVID-19 is] nothing like what we've observed, period."
To analyze statistically the mass of surveillance data, the Delphi team has refined over many years a bunch of statistical and machine learning approaches. They include something called delta density, which incorporates approaches based on "Markov Processes," whereby a given state of affairs can be inferred from preceding states of affairs. Subsequent data can retrospectively be used to revise prior assumptions about states of affairs, in a way that continually refines a model of a disease.
There is a certain artistry to how the varying signals are combined, an ability to know how to handle and consider the data, as Tibshirani explained to ZDNet in an email.
"These signals are not measuring the same thing," Tibshirani wrote, "and they're not even drawn with respect to the same population (Facebook vs Google users)."
The Delphi group doesn't consider the signals from the surveys as "ground truth," a phrase in statistics that means objectively true. Rather, "it is their individual temporal trends that we're most interested in," wrote Tibshirani.
"For example, if in a given county we see both of these signals spike, then this can be a meaningful indicator of increased COVID-19 activity. Implicit in this is that their individual biases are constant over time, which is a reasonable assumption."
To understand the significance of the nowcasting effort, and the forecasts that will come from it, think about the limitations of the current models, including the models from Imperial College in London and Columbia University.
All these models are what are known as "mechanistic" models because they are based on a very general understanding of the mechanism by which all infectious diseases spread, the "transmission dynamics," as it sometimes referred to.
The mechanistic models in use today mostly derive from one mathematical approach, a model called a compartmental model. The most familiar form of the compartmental model is the so-called susceptible, infectious, recovered -- or SIR -- mathematical model. SIR was first introduced in 1927 by scientists William Ogilvy Kermack and Anderson Gray McKendrick.
The SIR model -- and the many variants that are used today, such as SEIR, which includes "exposed" people -- are sets of equations into which one plugs values for variables such as the number of currently infected people, in order to come up with a convincing curve for the progression of a disease. These models have come to dominate people's thinking about the spread of the disease. The Reich Lab at UMass, the other center for excellence, has brilliantly combined the models to show people the variance in their predictions.
These SIR-derived models have proven their worth over decades, but they have limitations. The most glaring limitation is the reliance of these models on data from official sources, such as the number of confirmed cases. The other big limitation is that the models are all fairly rigid, making similar assumptions about the mechanism by which disease spreads.
The statistical approach of the Delphi group's COVIDcast is likely to bring out the nuances of COVID-19. We already know that the disease strikes people in very different ways based on age and pre-existing chronic conditions such as obesity. We also know that there is the varying genetic make-up of the disease, with different strains mixing in the infected population, with different proteins giving the disease an antigenic signature that can vary over time.
As more and more data are incorporated as signals, more of the specificity of how COVID-19 spreads will come to light. Rather than looking at one single disease that spreads uniformly throughout the population, it's conceivable that doctors and governments may be looking at a complex of conditions that need to be tackled in different ways.
Epidemiology is going to learn about disease tracking from this pandemic, as a result of digital surveillance and nowcasting on the largest scale ever attempted. The practice of tracking and fighting disease may never be the same again.


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Property dedication requirements and eminent domain usually don't mix well: they make for an odd and confusing set of valuation rules. For example, if an agency seeks to condemn property to build a road through an undeveloped area, but that road would be required in order to develop the properties, how should it be valued? Under one set of eminent domain rules (the Porterville doctrine), the property subject to dedication has little value since it would have to be given up as part of any future development. Under another set of eminent domain rules (the "project influence rule"...
California Eminent Domain Report is a one-stop resource for everything new and noteworthy in eminent domain in California. We cover all aspects of eminent domain in California, including condemnation, inverse condemnation, and regulatory takings. We also keep track of current cases, project announcements, budget issues, legislative reform efforts, and report on all major California eminent domain conferences and seminars.
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Our STAM™ model is a model that recapitulates the same disease progression as human NASH/HCC. In this model, male C57BL/6 mice aged two days are given a single dose of streptozotocin to reduce insulin secretory capacity. When the mice turn four weeks of age they start a high-fat diet feeding. This model has a background of late type 2 diabetes which progresses into fatty liver, NASH, fibrosis and consequently liver cancer (HCC). Compared to other NASH-HCC model mice, the disease progresses in a relatively short period of time, and liver cancer is developed in 100% of animals at 20 weeks of age. Thus, our model is widely used in NASH research, with more than 40 papers (seen left of the figure shown below) and 70 international conferences (listed right of the figure shown below) published using data from our STAM™ model so far.
Our STAM™ model is able to reproduce many of the pathological features of human NASH.
- Ballooning degeneration of cells, a characteristic pathological feature of human NASH.
- Burned-out NASH, in which lipid droplets decrease as fibrosis progresses.
- Progression of fibrosis occuring around the central vein.
- A mild rise in ALT (a liver injury marker).
- Increase in NASH markers such as CK-18.
- Increase in human HCC markers such as: glutamine synthase, glypican-3 and AFP have been observed.
Recently, a comprehensive analysis of genomics, transcriptomics (Dow, M., et al) and lipidomics (Saito. K. et al) from domestic and international academia has demonstrated the high clinical correlation of our STAM model. There are 15 test substances that have entered the clinical stage using data from STAM model pharmacology studies, and are now showing efficacy against NASH


Lawful for Home Secretary to deport Palestinian activist accused of fostering hatred
In the meantime, the Home Secretary decided to deport him under section 3(5)(a) of the Immigration Act 1971, which provides that a person who is not a British citizen may be deported if the Secretary of State deems his deportation to be conducive to the public good. It was his appeal of that decision which is the subject of this post.
The hearing of that matter before the Tribunal followed up separate judicial review proceedings in which Mr. Mahajna established that he had been unlawfully detained for a period of 35 hours during which he had not been made aware of the reasons for his arrest. As explained in a previous post on those proceedings, apart from that period of time his detention was held to be lawful.
The law to be applied by the Tribunal in this case was set out in EO (deportation appeals: scope and process) Turkey [2007] UKAIT 00062. In essence, having established that Mr. Mahajna was a person liable to deportation under Immigration Act 1971, it had to consider whether or not the deportation would breach his human rights, and if not, consider Paragraph 364 of the Statement of Changes in Immigration Rules HC 395 as amended, which provides for an appeal against a deportation decision based on the exceptional circumstances of the individual case.
The majority of the Tribual's determination focuses on an analysis of whether or not Mr. Mahajna's human rights under the European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR) had been engaged and infringed by the deportation decision. He relied on Articles 8 (the right to respect for the private and family life), 9 (freedom thought, conscience and religion), 10 (freedom of expression) and 11 (freedom of assembly). Unsurprisingly, as the purpose of Mr. Mahajna's visit to the UK was to speak at a number of engagements, Article 10 was given the most attention.
Freedom of speech
Given the fact that Mr. Mahajna's deportation would prevent him honouring his intended speaking engagements, it was clear that his article 10 rights were engaged and prima facie (at first sight) interfered with. It was equally clear that the interference was in accordance with the law, and intended to serve the legitimate aim of protecting public safety, and preventing crime and public disorder. The question was whether or not that interference was proportionate.
In answering that question, the Tribunal examined the Home Secretary's policy to identify the public interest that needed to be taken into the balance. Decisions such as this are taken in accordance with the Home Secretary's Prevent Strategy, which lists a number of behaviours which might cause the Home Secretary to exercise her power to deport on the basis that it is conducive to the public good:
The list of unacceptable behaviours has also been published, and includes any person who uses any means or medium including writing, producing, publishing or distributing material; public speaking including preaching; and using a position of responsibility such as teacher, community or youth leader to express views which foster hatred which might lead to inter-community violence in the UK.
There then follows a detailed consideration of five items of evidence which the Home Secretary relied upon to demonstrate that the decision to deport was proportionate. They were:
 1. A poem written by Mr. Mahajna which appeared to be anti-Semitic.
 2. An address which Mr. Mahajna gave in Jerusalem in which he appeared to invoke the Blood Libel (a old accusation that Jews use the blood of children in their religious customs and not, as Sarah Palin might have led some to believe, an accusation that Republicans were responsible for the death of US Congresswoman Gabrielle Giffords).
 3. Allegations made by Mr. Mahajna at public gatherings that the Israeli authorities intended to demolish the Al-Aqsa mosque in Jerusalem (Islam's third holiest site).
 4. Two charges relating to disorder Mr. Mahajna was facing in Israel.
 5. A case in which Mr. Mahajna had entered into a plea bargain in respect of allegations that he had been using charitable organizations as a front for supporting Hamas, which is a proscribed terrorist organization in England.
The Tribunal decided that, taken in the round, the evidence established that Mr. Mahajna had engaged in the "unacceptable behaviour of fostering hatred which might lead to inter-community violence in the UK":
Consequently, it said that his words and actions did come within the Prevent Strategy and were thus in accordance with the Secretary of State's policy, and did justify a conclusion that his removal would be conducive to the public good:
Therefore in the balancing exercise necessary for any consideration of proportionality, great weight must be attached to the public interest of preventing disorder or crime.
On the flip side of this, the content of Mr. Mahajna's expression was political, which is seen as an inherently valuable form of speech, and in principle attracts greater protection (even when controversial or offensive).
Nevertheless, taking into account the fact that Mr. Mahajna would be able to express his views from abroad (which could still be accessed by UK residents with the use of modern technology), and the fact that there was a margin of discretion to be afforded to the Home Secretary when deciding what actions were in the public interest in these sorts of cases, it concluded that there had been no breach of Article 10.
The remaining human rights claims were swiftly dealt with. The Tribunal held that Mr. Mahajna's reputation (Article 8), and freedom of thought and assembly had not been sufficiently interfered with to engage those Articles. As no exceptional circumstances had been cited to the Tribunal, it followed that Mr. Mahajna's appeal had to be dismissed.
One thought on "Lawful for Home Secretary to deport Palestinian activist accused of fostering hatred
 1. Where would he be deported to?
 Can we deport someone to Palestine which we don't recognise as a state (yet)?
 When I worked as a lawyer in asylum and immigration law in Germany, I could prevent all deportations of my Palestinian clients with this formalistic argument.
 Another argument was that we cannot physically deport someone to Palestine because Palestine doesn't have an airport and all surrounding countries would not cooperate.
 It worked. All my previous clients are still in Europe.
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