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Terms Of Use
Terms Of Use
In these terms :
 1. a) 'Applicant' means anyone who is referred or about whom information is supplied to a Client. It includes someone who may have been known or referred to that Client before Instructions are given or the Introduction made.
 2. b) 'Client' means the person or persons to whom an Introduction is made. It includes anyone who asks DMA for an Introduction, gives Instructions or interviews and Applicant on behalf of a Client ('Client Intermediary')
 3. c) 'Engagement' means any contract under which (directly or indirectly) the Applicant agrees to provide services to or for the Client or at the Client's direction.
 4. d) 'Fee' means a sum equivalent to a percentage of the remuneration package, calculated at the rates set out in the 'Introduction Fees' document provided. It includes any additional fees that may have to be charged under Clauses 6 b) 2 and 4. The fee is exclusive of any VAT, which must be paid by the Client at the prevailing rate.
 5. e) 'Instructions' means information about the Engagement, the remuneration package or the Client's requirements concerning an Applicant's qualifications or experience.
f ) 'Introduction' means the referral of an Applicant or the provision of any information about an Applicant to a Client by DMA or any associate, subsidiary or agent of DMA.
 1. g) 'Losses' means any kind of loss, cost, expense, charge, damage, liability or claim whatsoever other than liability for death or personal injury caused by negligence.
 2. h) 'Remuneration package' means the total amount, before the deduction of tax, of the salary, fees, profit share or equivalent remuneration and all commissions, bonuses, allowances (including car allowances) and benefits of any kind in respect to the first year of the Engagement.
 1. a) All Instructions are accepted and every Introduction is made subject to these terms. An Introduction is made when a referral or any information about the Applicant arrives at the Client's office or is communicated to the Client intermediary, whichever is the earlier event.
 2. b) Giving instructions, arranging an interview with or requesting further information about or from the Applicant, is acceptance or and agreement to these terms by the Client.
 3. c) These terms are paramount. They prevail over any other terms or conditions which may conflict with their provisions or, but for this term, may have been incorporated into any agreement between DMA and the Client.
 1. a) An Introduction, and any information about an Applicant, is provided to the Client in strict confidence and for the purpose of considering whether it wishes to engage that Applicant. The Client must not disclose an Introduction or any information about an Applicant to anyone else. In particular, the Client must not approach an Applicant's current employer until the Client has made an offer of Engagement to that Applicant and has the Applicant's permission to do so.
 2. b) The Client must not re-introduce an Applicant to anyone else. If, within twelve months of the Introduction it does so, and this leads to a contract equivalent to an Engagement with someone other than the Client, the Client must pay the Fee as if there had been an Engagement under these terms (except that Clause 7 a will not apply), unless that other person pays DMA a sum equivalent to the Fee.
 1. a) DMA will use the due skill and care in locating and introducing Applicants. Beyond that, no other term or condition is to be implied concerning DMA's services. In particular, DMA does not warrant or make any representations about the suitability of, or the accuracy of any information concerning an Applicant (as this information comes from the Applicant or other sources outside DMA's control) and none is to be implied from anything DMA may undertake or provide.
 2. b) Any decision to proceed with an Introduction, enter into an Engagement or incur any expense is a matter for the Client. The Client agrees that the responsibility for assessing and ensuring an Applicant's suitability for an Engagement, including taking up or confirming references, educational background, medical history, or obtaining any work and other permits and assessing or confirming qualifications, remains with the Client at all times. The Client is strongly advised by DMA to, and agrees to, take any of the steps referred to before offering or entering in an Engagement.
 3. c) DMA, its subsidiaries, associates, staff and agents (for whom DMA acts for the purpose of this and the following provision) shall not be liable, on any basis, for any Losses arising from, caused by or connected with DMA's taking the Client's Instruction, the Introduction, the acts or omissions of an Applicant or an Engagement, even if an Applicant acts or has acted negligently, dishonestly or fraudulently.
 4. d) However, if despite the previous provision, a Court determines that, for any reason and on any basis, DMA or any of its subsidiaries, associates, staff or agents is liable to the Client for any Losses, their aggregate liability shall be limited to the Fee actually paid by the Client.
 1. a) The Client agrees
 2. To give DMA the Instructions it may require from time to time to assist it in locating and introducing Applicants.
 3. To act promptly, reasonably and in good faith (including not applying any discriminatory standards or practices) when deciding whether it wishes to engage an Applicant.
 4. Not to prevent or impede DMA from making an Introduction or otherwise earning and receiving the Fee in any way.
 5. To indemnify DMA against Losses it incurs as a result of the Client's delay in giving, changes in or failure to give adequate Instructions, or any breach of these terms by, or the negligence or other wrongful act, omission or statement of the Client.
 6. b) The Client intermediary warrants that he or she is duly authorised to agree these terms on behalf of the Client, give instructions and act for the Client in matters concerning the Introduction and Engagement.
The fee and all other payments must be made as follows:
 1. a) The Fee becomes payable by the Client if an Applicant accepts any offer of Engagement at any time within twelve months of the Introduction being made. However, a Fee is not payable if an Applicant accepts an offer but fails to commence the Engagement through no fault of the Client.
 2. b) The Client must:
 3. Notify DMA immediately an Applicant is offered an Engagement and provide full details of the remuneration package (and copies of any relevant contract and other documents if DMA so requests) and when a commencement date for the Engagement is agreed.
 4. Update DMA immediately if there is any change in the offered or agreed remuneration package or the commencement date. DMA reserves the right to adjust the Fee or require the payment of an additional fee if there is a change.
 5. Pay the Fee within 30 days of the Applicant's acceptance of an offer of Engagement, or within 14 days of the commencement of the Engagement, whichever is the earlier ('the payment date').
 6. If asked to do so, provide DMA with full details of the remuneration package actually received by or paid to the benefit of the Applicant for the first year of his or her Engagement (and copies of any relevant contract and other documents if DMA so requests). DMA reserves the right to charge an additional fee on the difference between the remuneration package and actually received (if it is higher) and thta used for the calculation of the Fee.
 7. c) DMA will calculate and invoice the Client for the Fee and for any other sum payable by the Client under these terms. Unless there is an obvious error in any calculation shown on any invoice, the invoiced sum will be final and binding as the sum due from the Client. It is absolutely essential that the Fee and any other invoiced sum is paid, without deduction, by the payment date or, if for any reason it is issued later that the payment date, within 15 days from the date of any invoice.
 8. d) The Client must not make any deduction from, or assert or exercise any set-off, lien or other right or claim against the Fee, any other invoiced sum or any interest that may become payable under clauses 6 e)1.
 9. e) If the Fee or any other invoiced sum is not paid within the time specified in Clause 6 c) ('the due date') and in full, then
 10. Interest shall be paid on any outstanding balance, for the first 30 days, at the rate of 5% above, and thereafter, at the rate of 8% above the Midland Bank's (or its successor's) prevailing base lending rate, that interest accruing daily from the due date until payment (whether before or after judgement) and, while any part of the balance or interest remains outstanding.
 11. DMA may give notice to the Client terminating or, at its option, suspending, in either case with immediate effect, its performance of and any of its obligations under this and any other agreement then in force between itself and the Client, until the outstanding balance and any interest has been paid in full. DMA will not incur any liability, upon any basis or for any reason, for any Losses resulting from, and the Client will indemnify DMA against any Losses it incurs as a result of, any termination or suspension. A termination or suspension will not release the Client


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That success has been repeated in many areas, due largely to a relatively abundant supply of eggs in Alaska. But transporting those eggs back to the "Lower 48" is a challenging feat indeed.
The eggs are collected when the embryos are 20 to 25 days old, Johnson says, because they are hardy enough to survive the rigors of transcontinental travel.
"We had special boxes that held the eggs in an upright position so the little embryos didn't get scrambled," Johnson says. The boxes were packed with hot water bottles and loaded aboard commercial aircraft for the 18-hour trip from Fairbanks to points south.
Johnson says his group has collected 869 eggs over the past few years, and 777 of them hatched. Of those, 661 survived, and 584 were released into the wilds.
"That's right around 90 percent success" at each step in the process, he says.
Some of the birds were held back for genetic testing, and that revealed the importance of collecting the eggs in Alaska. It turns out that the Alaskan swans have far greater genetic diversity than their cousins to the south, thus increasing their odds of survival.
But like many other species, trumpeter swans have to be taught some of the keys to survival. Not everything comes naturally.
Trumpeters need to move south for winter foraging, and without parents around to show them the way, some scientists have thought the transplants would surely perish. That has led some to take exotic measures, including sending ultra-light aircraft along with the flock to guide them to greener pastures.
But as it turned out, most swans that have been reared and released in the Great Lakes have managed to survive without traveling south.
"We thought migration was a prerequisite to the successful restoration of trumpeter swans to the Great Lakes region," Johnson says. "But we estimate that fewer than 20 percent are migrating into southern Illinois and Missouri" for the winter.
"What we didn't know is how adaptable these birds are," he adds. If their preferred aquatic plants aren't available in the winter, they just hop into the farming fields and feed on "waste grain," he adds.
Success Despite Hazards
However, the danger is far from over. Some trumpeters may fall victim to the good intentions of people who set out food for them, tempting them to hang around instead of heading south for more nutritious winter habitats. The birds are particularly susceptible to lead poisoning, and there's a lot of lead buckshot in the bottom of their feeding areas. They also tend to fly low, even in areas of high tension wires.
And although protected by law, there is the constant danger of a hunter mistaking the trumpeter for a game bird, or the vandal doing what vandals do best.
The statistics, however, are encouraging.
"The population is increasing at close to 25 percent per year," Johnson says. Of course, some of that increase is from the continued reintroduction of chicks from eggs collected in Alaska, but the mature birds are also reproducing.
"We're still putting a couple of hundred birds a year out, but we're producing 600 wild birds a year, and that's pretty impressive," he says.
Equally significant is the fact that the birth rates exceed the death rates, meaning the population is growing even without the introduction of new birds.
So listen, and perhaps you will hear the haunting sound of the trumpeter, playing a tune that hasn't been heard in some parts for more than a century.
Lee Dye's column appears weekly on ABCNEWS.com. A former science writer for the Los Angeles Times, he now lives in Juneau, Alaska.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Introduction: Single port laparoscopic surgery (SPLS) has been reported as an advanced laparoscopic approach and become hot issue. SPLS is expected offering potential benefits of improved cosmesis and decreased postoperative pain. There are few reports about SPLS for gastric tumors. We used a novel multichannel single port device (OCTOTM, dalimSurgNET, Seoul, South Korea) and succeeded 23 cases of new laparoscopic surgeries to remove the gastric benign tumors only a 2cm of incision within umbilicus without any other additional holes. We would like to discuss about the feasibility of this new laparoscopic surgical technique and usefulness of new device.
Methods and procedures: The OCTOTM port consists of platform and multichannel cap. The platform consists of one internal ring and cylindrical silastic sleeve. The cap incorporates three or four channels for laparoscopic instruments. The cap can be easily attached or removed from the platform during specimen extraction. First, wound retractor of platform was inserted through small umbilical incision and covered with the cap for pneumoperitoneum. Using this port and special instrument, deflectable at the shaft, we performed gastric wedge resections and enucleations.
Results: 23 patients with benign gastric tumor underwent gastric resection, 9 males and 14 females; mean age, 52.0 (range, 26-79) years. Mean body mass index was 24.2 (range, 20.2-30.8) kg/m2. No patients required additional skin incisions or trocars. Mean operation time was 145.2 (60-300) minutes, and blood losses were minimal in all cases. The tumors located evenly in stomach; upper, middle, lower 1/3, 10, 9, 4, respectively. The tumor size ranged from 1.0 to 4.5 (mean 2.4) cm and pathologic result showed 7 GIST, 6 leiomyoma, 6 ectopic pancreas.
Conclusions: SPLS in gastric resection was technically feasible and safe, but still it was time consuming surgery. If the size of tumor was less than 3cm, it is possible to perform SPLS for gastric benign tumors at any site; cardia, lesser curvature, antrum. Operation time was longer but maybe decreased with experience and patients can obtain same scarless results like NOTES. We need more experience for significant results.
Program Number: P529

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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How to mend a bicycle puncture
You'll need a pump, tyre levers and a puncture repair kit with patches, sandpaper, a marker and glue.
1. Turn the bike upside down so you can take off the wheel. Use the quick-release lever if you have one or, if the wheel is bolted on, undo with a spanner. Check the tyre for any obvious causes of a puncture, such as a thorn or glass, and remove.
2. Insert the flat end of the tyre lever into a gap between the tyre and the wheel rim, on the opposite side of the valve. Then hook the other end of the lever on a spoke. Take the next lever and do the same about 5cm further around the tyre. Repeat until one side of the tyre is free from the rim.
3. Gently pull out the inner tube. Keep working your way around. Check the inside of the tyre for anything that might have caused the puncture and remove.
4. Locate the puncture by squeezing the inner tube and listening for escaping air. If you're struggling to hear, put the tube in water and you will see bubbles. Once you've found the puncture, mark the spot with a crayon or marker. Use the sandpaper in your repair kit to roughen the area. Make sure it's dry and follow the instructions on the packaging to stick on the patch.
5. Pump up the tube slightly before putting it in position, with the valve through the wheel. Tuck the tube into the tyre all the way around. Starting at the valve side, use the levers to tuck the tyre over the wheel. Be careful not to pinch it. Inflate the tyre and put the wheel back on.


Nao Bustamante
There is no translation available.
Sans Gravity
Water can symbolize many things, but often it is associated with knowledge and emotion; both of which are difficult to define in logical terms. In the installation/performance space of Sans Gravity, Bustamante explores the metaphors associated with water in the physical realm by burdening her body. The weight and the movement of the water develop into extensions of the gesture and another layer of the distorted self. The audience becomes a mechanism of relief.
Additional Info
FaLang translation system by Faboba


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Look at the earlobes of twenty (20) unrelated individuals. Count how many of them have "free" earlobes and how many have "attached" earlobes. In the picture below, the earlobe on the right is "free" and the earlobe on the left is "attached".
Record the number of people who can and the number of people who free and attached earlobes and answer the following questions:
What is the ratioof the number of individuals with free earlobes to the number of attached earlobes.
What can you conclude from this ratioabout the probabilities of trait of free earlobes appearing in the human population? Focus your discussion on the ratio of free to attached earlobes and what it might tell you about how the trait is inherited. (Do NOT discuss the value or effect of attached versus free earlobes).
Why is it important that the individuals in the survey were unrelated? How would a sample of related individuals affect the results?
Complete the online Karyotyping Activity at: _URL_
List the karyotype notation and diagnosis for Patients A, B and C.
Then answer the following questions.
How is karyotyping related to meiosis? Which set of chromosomes appears to be most commonly involved in nondisjunction? What types of genetic abnormalities would not be able to be identified via karyotyping?
Search the Internet for genetic abnormality other than those that you identified above for Patients A, B and Cthat could be identified through karyotyping. Identify the website and briefly report on the abnormality such as its rate of occurrence, effects and any potential treatments. Make sure to use your own words and provide correct citations.


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. The amount of spores that needs to be added to samples to obtain suitable Cq values for this internal control must be determined empirically for each stock spore suspension. Ten-fold serial dilutions were made from the spore stock and DNA was extracted from 50 µl portions of each dilution by using the Nuclisens Magnetic Extraction Reagents (bioMérieux). The developed real-time qPCR assays were used to determine the amount of spores required for a Cq value between 32 and 35.
Table 2. Panel of organisms used for coverage and specificity analysis
Limit of detection, efficiency, repeatability and internal control dynamic range
Characterization of qPCR performance was guided by the MIQE guidelines. Validations were carried out using genomic DNA that was purified from culture lysates. Detection limits (LOD) for genomic DNA were determined by using purified DNA from cultures of B.mallei strain NCTC 10229 and B. pseudomallei strain NCTC 10276. The concentration of purified genomic DNA was measured by using the Quant-iT™ PicoGreen dsDNA detection kit (Invitrogen) and a Fluoroskan Ascent Microplate fluorometer (Thermo Scientific). Serial dilutions of genomic DNA were used to calculate LODs from the proportion of positive qPCRs at each dilution. Four replicates of 10 serial dilutions of genomic DNA were measured by qPCR. Based on the results, an additional measurement was performed on 4 replicates of 10 novel serial dilutions. The measurements included at least one dilution with all replicates positive and one with all replicates negative. A probit analysis was performed using SPSS Statistics 19.0.0 to calculate the DNA concentration that could be measured with 95% probability.
Efficiency and repeatability were calculated from the log-linear portion of the calibration curve, covering 6 orders of magnitude. Four replicate measurements were obtained from each dilution. Because the variation in Cqs at the lowest template concentration was relatively high, these values were excluded from the calculations.
To investigate the concentration range of internal control B. thuringiensis DNA that could be added to Burkholderia DNA without interfering with the detection of low pathogen concentrations, a dilution series of the internal control was made in the presence of a constant and low concentration of the pathogens. Genomic DNA from Burkholderia mallei or B. pseudomallei (14 and 48 fg/reaction, respectively) was mixed with serial dilutions from genomic DNA from B. thuringiensis (1.3∙101 – 1.3?∙108 fg/reaction). These DNA mixtures were amplified in triplicate by using the developed qPCR assays and the Cq values were plotted to investigate possible inhibition.
Three signature sequences were developed to permit sensitive detection and differentiation of B. mallei and B. pseudomallei. ISBma2 transposase is present in multiple copies in both species, thus enabling sensitive detection. Although homologs of this transposase occur in related organisms, a portion of this sequence was identified that is unique for B. mallei and B. pseudomallei. Two unique signature sequences (designated mau and psu respectively) differentiate between B. mallei and B. pseudomallei by their presence or absence. Table 1 shows the oligonucleotides designed for the detection of these signature sequences in the multiplex qPCR assay. This assay uses oligonucleotides to detect the cry1 gene from Bacillus thuringiensis. Spores from this organism added before DNA extraction thus provide internal checks on the successful recovery and amplification of DNA. The specificity and strain coverage of the assay were validated with the aid of a panel of DNA from B. mallei and B. pseudomallei strains, a number of close relatives of these organisms, and several other bacterial and eukaryote strains (Table 2). The assay was able to discriminate correctly between the two species. Clinical samples were obtained from the melioidosis patient from whom B. pseudomallei strain BD10-00211 had been isolated. Samples derived from the liver and spleen tested positive only for signature sequence psu, at Cqs of 37.8 and 34.9 respectively. The enhanced sensitivity of detection of pathogenic Burkholderia with the aid of the multicopy target (BuMC) was demonstrated by the Cq values for this target, which were clearly lower than those for the single-copy targets (a difference of 4.4 – 5.2 for B. mallei and 1.3 – 3.5 for B. pseudomallei). The multicopy sequence could not be detected in three of the B. pseudomallei strains (NCTC 4845, NCTC 12939 T and BD10-00211).
All standard curves had an R2 of >0.998 and showed high amplification efficiencies and linearity for the different targets, over at least 6 orders of magnitude (Table 3). Calculation of the limit of detection (LOD) using probit analysis showed high sensitivities of 0.2 and 3.7 fg for B. mallei and B. pseudomallei respectively (based on use of the multicopy target BuMC).
Table 3. Assay performance
To confirm that the addition of the internal control has no effect on pathogen detection, a dilution series of B. thuringiensis DNA was made in the presence of a constant and very low concentration of Burkholderia DNA. As shown in Figure 1, the detection of all signature sequences of B. mallei and B. pseudomallei was unaffected by the presence of the internal control DNA, even when the latter was present at an excess of 105:1.
Figure 1. Effect of increasing amounts of internal control on qPCR detection. A concentration range of genomic DNA from B. thuringiensis was mixed with a constant and low concentration of 14 fg B. mallei gDNA (A) or 48 B. pseudomallei DNA (B), and measured by using the developed multiplex qPCR.
Methods for the rapid, specific identification of pathogenic Burkholderia species are important for timely recognition of glanders or melioidosis in patients with general clinical symptoms that could fit various diseases. Both B. pseudomallei and B. mallei are intrinsically resistant to many widely-used antibiotics, and susceptibilities differ between the two species [6,14]. Identification of and differentiation between the two pathogens could thus help healthcare workers to choose the right antibiotics to treat infected patients.
In regions where these species are endemic, infection with Burkholderia mallei or B. pseudomallei can often be pinpointed by consideration of prevalences and infection risk factors. The presence of the pathogens is less evident in non-endemic areas. Numerous cases of imported melioidosis have been reported [3,6], and are likely to continue to occur as travel and trade increase. Fast diagnostic methods are therefore essential for use in non-endemic areas, not only to support appropriate patient treatment but also to ensure the safety of laboratory workers culturing unknown organisms for diagnostic purposes. Another scenario in which rapid identification of pathogenic Burkholderia including species distinction is a challenging but essential task is that of deliberate release of these biothreat agents, where appropriate assay methods may be needed e.g. for forensic tracking.
The assay presented in this paper permits sensitive, reliable detection of pathogenic Burkholderia, thanks to the use of qPCR (real-time polymerase chain reaction). It reduces false-negative measurements, thanks to the inclusion of an internal control and the high sensitivity that was achieved.
The idea of adding spores from B. thuringiensis as internal controls was based on their properties as highly refractory biological structures. The detection of the B. thuringiensis signature sequence cry1 guarantees successful DNA extraction and amplification from any microorganism in the sample [11,12]. The target BuMC was used as a sensitive, specific indicator for the presence of pathogenic Burkholderia strains. The selection of this target based on its presence in multiple copies in all 21 publicly available genomes and its usefulness for sensitive detection was evidenced by the in vitro validation showing lower Cq values (Table 2). However, the benefit of more sensitive detection did not hold for all strains, since BuMC could not be amplified from three of the B. pseudomallei strains tested (Table 2). The absence of this target from the clinical samples is congruent with its absence from strain BD10-00211, which had been isolated from the patient from which the clinical samples were taken. It is possible that the rather diverse species B. pseudomallei contains a phylogenetic cluster that has the absence of the targeted ISBma2 transposase gene as a common feature. Further research is required to substantiate this assumption, however.
We did not find any strains that were not detected by the species-specific signature sequences we developed. However, probe design is always limited by the available sequences and strains. Hence, the possibility that some strain exists or could arise which does not possess one of the signature sequences used in this assay cannot be excluded. This is true of any assay, however, and the multiplex qPCR assay described here has the advantage of possessing two signatures for each strain, thus reducing the risk that some strains will escape detection.
The measured linearity and efficiency show that the qPCR assay is very suitable for quantitative measurement. The calculated LODs were very low,


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Japanese company Hitachi has unveiled a new remote-controlled robot designed for lifting duties in radioactive areas of Japan's crippled Fukushima nuclear power plant. Earlier, Toshiba also demonstrated a radiation-resistant robot for Fukushima.
Hitachi's 'Astaco-Sora' is mounted on tracks and has a base of 150 by 98 centimeters, the Asahi Shimbun newspaper reported. The robot is controlled wirelessly and can operate for up to 15 hours, Hitachi told journalists during a Friday demonstration.
Its two-pincer manipulator can lift loads up to 300 kilograms. The robotic arms can also be equipped with tools like an electric saw.
Hitachi said it may deploy the lifter at the plant next year.
Earlier, major Japanese robot manufacturer Toshiba created a radiation-shielded machine for use inside Fukushima's radioactive zones. In a somewhat jerky demo last month, Toshiba showcased the four-legged stair-walking robot to the media. Unlike Hitachi's creation, Toshiba's robot is not meant for heavy lifting.
The Fukushima nuclear plant was destroyed in 2011 by a powerful earthquake and subsequent tsunami, the worst-ever disaster of its kind in Japan.
The disaster prompted a number of nations worldwide to shelve the use of nuclear energy, including European powerhouse Germany and Japan itself.


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Lobster, California spiny
The California Spiny Lobster fishery is a small but locally important and largely sustainable fishery in southern California.
Abundance of Spiny Lobsters off California varies with broad-scale changes in environmental conditions caused by El Nino and La Nina.
State managers closely regulate commercial fishing for Spiny Lobster, but do not monitor recreational catches. Bycatch is low. Spiny Lobster traps generally allow undersize lobsters and other animals to escape.
This fish may have high levels of mercury that could pose a health risk to adults and children. More mercury info here.


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Jul 12, 2020
The International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML) is the premier gathering of professionals dedicated to the advancement of the branch of artificial intelligence known as machine learning. ICML is globally renowned for presenting and publishing cutting-edge research on all aspects of machine learning used in closely related areas like artificial intelligence, statistics and data science, as well as important application areas such as machine vision, computational biology, speech recognition, and robotics. ICML is one of the fastest growing artificial intelligence conferences in the world. Participants at ICML span a wide range of backgrounds, from academic and industrial researchers, to entrepreneurs and engineers, to graduate students and postdocs.
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Longstreet Highroad Guide to the North Georgia Mountains
The Chattooga River is the crown jewel of southern whitewater rivers and a symbol for wilderness river lovers throughout the United States and Canada. Its high rainfall, unusual geology (with many cliffs, gorges, and waterfalls), and steep gradient place it in the "world class" category of rivers. Most remaining rivers of the Chattooga's quality are tucked away in western gorges or West Virginia mountains. The river is arguably the area's prime single natural attraction, luring some 100,000 visitors a year for hiking, rafting, canoeing, kayaking, tubing, fishing, swimming, or plain and simple river watching.
Headwaters of the Chattooga are in the Nantahala National Forest and private lands in North Carolina. Flowing southward out of North Carolina, they form approximately 40 river miles of boundary between Georgia and South Carolina. The river drops from approximately 3,000 feet elevation at its headwaters to 950 feet at its termination into Lake Tugalo. It is under the control and protection of the Sumter National Forest in South Carolina, the Chattahoochee National Forest in Georgia, and the Nantahala National Forest in North Carolina.
The names of the river's rapids and other landmarks bear witness to the area's early inhabitants. Indian names translated into English have become Sock'em Dog, Shoulder Bone, and Cutting Bone Creek. Local settlers' humor shows in the names of two feeder creeksBad Creek and Worse Creekboth now covered by Lake Tugalo. Between those two streams is Sinking Mountain, named because of the instability of the soil and underlying decayed rock.
The Chattooga was designated a National Wild and Scenic River by Congress in May of 1974. As a result, no motorized vehicles are allowed within a.25 mile of its banks. In addition, man-made facilities are minimal, consisting primarily of maintained hiking trails. Primitive toilet facilities and water are available at camping areas. As a result of the minimal disturbance by man, the Chattooga and its corridor provide a clean, litter-free hiking or rafting experience. However, the growth in population in the mountain areas and resulting activities could pose a multifaceted danger to the river in the future.
The Chattooga is divided into five sections, Section 0Section IV. Section 0 includes the entire headwaters region from Whiteside Mountain southward to Russell Bridge (GA 28). Sections IIV cover the portions of the river open to boating, including the West Fork (Section 1) southward to Section IV and the river's end at Lake Tugalo.
BURRELL'S FORD BRIDGE. [Fig. 43(4), Fig. 48(11)] FS 646 begins.5 mile west of Russell Bridge (GA 28). Follow FS 646 for approximately 5.5 miles to Burrell's Ford Bridge. See Ellicott Rock section, Foothills Trail; Spoon Auger Falls; and King's Creek Falls.
BULL PEN BRIDGE. [Fig. 48(2), Fig. 50(6)] Follow SC 107 south from the intersection of US 64 in Cashiers, North Carolina. Turn west on Bull Pen Road and follow it to the bridge. See Highlands section, Horse Cove Road and Bull Pen Road.
CHATTOOGA RIVER TRAIL. The southern end of the Chattooga River Trail begins in Georgia in the parking area at the west end of the US 76 bridge [Fig. 42] and continues north for 10 miles, where it intersects and combines with the Bartram Trail. The combined trails continue another 10 miles to the GA 28 bridge, where the hiker must cross the bridge and pick up the trails on the South Carolina side. At a point 3.7 miles above the bridge, the Bartram Trail branches off to the east with the Foothills Trail, while the Chattooga River Trail joins with the Foothills Trail and parallels the river closely for another 6.7 miles to Burrell's Ford Campground and Burrell's Ford Road. In this section trails split and come together again many times; a trail map is useful. One-half mile north of Burrell's Ford Road, the trail enters the Ellicott Rock Wilderness. Here the hiker must register. The Foothills Trail branches off to the east at this point and the trail to Ellicott Rock continues upstream for 2.1 miles, where it joins with the East Fork Trail and continues 2.5 miles to Walhalla Fish Hatchery. The East Fork Trail continues 1.7 miles upstream to Ellicott Rock where Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina's boundaries meet [Fig. 48(5), Fig. 50(9)]. Ellicott Rock can also be reached by foot from North Carolina (see Ellicott Rock Wilderness). The only camping area with restroom and water facilities is the Burrell's Ford Campground. Other camping areas are primitive, and in some areas in the Ellicott Rock Wilderness camping is forbidden.
THE CHATTOOGA ABOVE BULL PEN ROAD. The upper Chattooga River harbors some of the river's most scenic and rugged stretches. Closed to boats, the area must be reached by foot.
This section of the river is known for the steep, remote Chattooga Cliffs [Fig. 50(3)] and for a small gorge area called the Upper Narrows. Both areas can be reached from the Bull Pen Road Bridge [Fig. 48(2), Fig. 50(6)], known locally as the "metal" or "government" bridge. It is recommended that the hiker have a car waiting at the bridge before beginning the walk upstream. Major access points are Bull Pen Road and primitive roads off Whiteside Cove Road. Both Bull Pen Road and Whiteside Cove Road are gravel and accessible by car.
Along this stretch the Chattooga is narrow and wild. Farther upriver, the grade is relatively flat, but the adjacent cliffs and overhangs provide constant interest. Here the rare Biltmore sedge, a northern club moss, and forests of giant mountain laurel up to 30 feet tall are present at the base of the cliffs. Farther downstream one reaches the Upper Narrows, where the rushing water is compressed into a stream about 6 feet wide. Only the most skilled rock climber can maneuver through the gorge. For a safer route, it is recommended that the hiker walk the gorge's edge. Downstream from the Upper Narrows, a loop trail is reached. This trail consists of a lower and upper section. The lower section affords good views of the boulder-strewn gorge which is found just upstream from the Bull Pen Road Bridge. Car-sized boulders and unusual potholes are present, as well as several nice swimming pools.
Below the bridge the river is less scenic but still worth the visit. Two trails off Bull Pen Road lead to Ellicott Rock.
THE CHATTOOGA HEADWATERS FROM GA 28, BURRELL'S FORD BRIDGE TO RUSSELL BRIDGE. [Fig. 48(11)] Unlike some parts of the river, this section is relatively accessible. Old log roads up the East Fork and the splendid trail up the entire South Carolina side afford all degrees of hiking and fishing experiences (see Ellicott Rock section).
While the river itself is not constant whitewater, areas are breathtakingly wild and scenic. The area between the Big Bend [Fig. 43(10)] and Lick Log Falls [Fig. 43(24)] is a challenge for the most intrepid fisherman, since there are no riverside trails. Crossing the river back and forth is essential and is risky in winter and spring high water. The wild isolation of the Rock Gorge [Fig. 43(20)] and the magnificence of the Big Bend Falls make it worthwhile. Prior to the construction of FS 646 (New Burrell's Ford Road), major accesses were at the Russell Bridge [Fig. 43(27), Fig. 44(29)] and from SC 28 near Big Creek (Old Burrell's Ford Road, 7 miles of torturous mountain road). This was part of the "mystery river" (see West Fork section), the area known for large brown trout. The river is open for fishing year-round.
For easy hiking and fishing, the section of the Chattooga between Russell Bridge and Reed Creek [Fig. 43(23), Fig. 44(26)] is hard to beat, for there is a trail (or log road) on either side. At the north side of the Russell Bridge, one looks out over a marsh with ponds and wood-duck boxes. This was the old Whitmire place, formerly a fertile cornfield. When it was acquired by the Forest Service, beavers promptly dammed up Mose Branch, creating a marsh dominated by alder shrub, sedges, and marsh grasses. One can go up the river by climbing down the bridge riprap or, more easily but less speedily, by taking the (gated) first road [Fig. 43(26), Fig. 44(28)] that turns off west of the bridge. About a mile up this road (1.75 miles by river) are some beautiful pools and camping places [Fig. 43(25), Fig. 44(27)]. Farther on there is an old field, called Reed Creek Bottoms, planted in loblolly pine [Fig. 43(22


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Encyclopedia of Southern Jewish Communities
For many years, Pine Bluff had the second largest Jewish community in Arkansas, after Little Rock. Located in Jefferson County along the banks of the Arkansas River, Pine Bluff became a bustling market town that attracted growing numbers of Jews in the late 19th century. Cotton farming was king in the rural areas around Pine Bluff. Once the town was linked to Little Rock by railroad in 1881, Pine Bluff developed industry and grew into the third largest city in the state by 1900.
Pine Bluff, Arkansas
Jews first arrived in Pine Bluff in the 1840s. By 1855, there were about ten Jewish families in town, and several Jewish-owned businesses in town. Isaac Altschul opened a dry goods store outside of Pine Bluff in 1852. The store was in the midst of several slave plantations, which Altschul catered to. In addition to serving plantation owners, Altschul would stay open on Sundays to be able to trade with slaves on their day off, working the counter himself. Altschul was a very successful businessman. In 1860, he had $10,000 in personal property, which included one slave. One of Altschul's employees and boarders was Henry Morton Stanley, who later became a journalist and explorer famous for finding missionary David Livingstone in Africa ("Mr. Livingstone, I presume"). Stanley came to Arkansas when he was nineteen and lived with Altschul while he worked at the store. According to Stanley, the plantation owners looked down on Altschul since he was foreign-born, a merchant, and a Jew to boot. In the rural, plantation economy of the ante-bellum South, Jewish merchants were outsiders who were socially inferior to the planter elite. With the rise of the new, commercial South after the Civil War, Jews in Pine Bluff and the rest of the South led the way and emerged as community leaders. Altschul moved to Pine Bluff after the Civil War; many of his relatives came to join him as they became one of the most prominent Jewish families in town.
Many Jewish peddlers passed through Pine Bluff before the Civil War. Gabriel Meyer was a peddler who got stranded in Pine Bluff by a flood in 1856; his extended stay in town convinced him to remain, and Meyer soon opened a store in town. David Blumenthal arrived in 1860 and opened a hotel that catered to these traveling peddlers.
Although these German Jews had not been in America for very long, several Pine Bluff Jews fought for the Confederacy. While this service reflected their loyalty to the South, they also remained loyal to the Jewish people. While the Union Army occupied Pine Bluff, local Jews would offer hospitality to northern Jewish soldiers. One Jewish Union soldier wrote about being invited to a local Jewish family's home for Rosh Hashanah. This soldier later returned the favor by helping two local Jews to recover horses that had been taken by the Union Army.
After the Civil War, there was an influx of Jews in Pine Bluff. By 1878, 250 Jews lived in town. In 1866, Pine Bluff Jews had organized a local B'nai B'rith lodge; the following year they founded a congregation, Anshe Emeth. By 1879, there were three B'nai B'rith lodges in town, as well as branches of other Jewish fraternal organizations, including Kesher Shel Barzel (Bond of Iron) and the Free Sons of Israel. There was also a Ladies Aid Society and a Ladies Relief Society, both of which provided charity to members of the Jewish community. They also formed purely social organizations. In 1872, Jewish men founded the Bluff City Club, which later became the Harmony Club. Jewish women created their own social club, called the Entre Nous Eucre Club.
Charles Wessolowsky, the southern organizer for the International Order of B'nai B'rith, came to Pine Bluff in 1878 and found an active Jewish community that was thriving economically. He discovered that some Jews had acquired land and become cotton planters. Gabriel Meyer, who first came to Pine Bluff as a peddler, owned nineteen plantations, "all of which are cultivated very successfully." Sol Franklin had once owned two river steamships, both of which had sunk. Franklin decided to try his luck with cotton, and bought a cotton plantation. By 1878 he owned 1900 acres of land and eventually became one of the largest planters in the state. In 1872, Franklin had a novel idea to find sharecroppers to work his land. He offered to sponsor 200 Rumanian Jews, and pay for their transportation to the US and Arkansas, if they would settle on his land and grow cotton as sharecroppers. While the editor of the Jewish Times newspaper in New York scoffed at the plan, it attracted serious attention from some Jewish leaders in Europe. Nevertheless, Franklin's plan never reached fruition, and he had to rely on local people to work on his farm. By the 1890s, Franklin's economic fortunes and health had declined. The same day his plantation was sold to pay off debts, Franklin died of heart failure. Sol had ten children, many of whom became prominent businessmen and citizens in Pine Bluff.
The Jewish community grew significantly in the late 19th century as many Jews moved to Pine Bluff to open stores, relying on the area's farming economy. In 1881, there were thirty Jewish-owned businesses in town. They were usually retail stores specializing in dry goods, groceries, clothing, jewelry, or junk. By 1905, an estimated 425 Jews lived in Pine Bluff; they continued to concentrate in retail trade through much of the 20th century. A wave of eastern European Jews came to Pine Bluff in the early 20th century. They followed the same economic path as the earlier German immigration, though they formed their own separate Orthodox congregation, B'nai Israel.
Pine Bluff Jews were very involved in civic affairs and local politics, with two having served as mayor. L.E. Goldsmith was elected by a large majority in 1895. He spent much of his term as mayor working to restore the fiscal health of the city. Although he was popular, Goldsmith did not run for re-election because of his poor health. Simon Bloom, a prominent local cotton grower, served three terms as mayor, from 1913 to 1919. During the first campaign, Bloom's opponent used anti-Semitic appeals, but found the tactic to be unsuccessful.
Several other prominent Pine Bluff Jews served in local government. Gabriel Meyer was as a city alderman for ten years, but was especially devoted to the public schools, serving on the school board for 21 years. In the 1860s, when the city did not have the funds to pay its teachers, Meyer paid their salaries out of his own pocket. He then negotiated a loan from an East Coast bank to cover the schools' shortfall. Known as the father of the Pine Bluff school district, an elementary school was later named for him. Many other Jews served on the city council, including David Aschaffenberg, Nathan Cook, Charles Weil, and his son Ben Weil. Charles Weil, a prominent local merchant and planter, was a longtime director of the appropriately named Merchants and Planters Bank. Weil was president of the Anshe Emeth congregation for 30 years, and was very active in the local B'nai B'rith lodge, which was renamed in his honor after he died. Irving Reinberger, who moved to Pine Bluff in 1892, was an attorney who served as assistant District Attorney and City Attorney. His two sons also became lawyers and joined their father in the family firm in Pine Bluff. Maurice Reinberger became a successful criminal defense lawyer who specialized in death penalty cases. Sam Hilzheim, the manager of the Pine Bluff Opera House, served in the state legislature in the 1890s. When another member made a disparaging remark about Jews, Hilzheim upbraided him publicly.
The most prominent and long-serving Jewish politician in Pine Bluff was Sam Levine, who spent twenty years in the state legislature as both a representative and senator in the 1930s and 1950s. During the integration crisis at Central High School in Little Rock, Levine was an outspoken voice for following the mandates of the US Supreme Court. In 1959, he filibustered a bill that would have packed the Little Rock school board with segregationists. While Levine's stand may have been morally right, it was not good politics at the time, and he chose to retire after that legislative session. He later ran for chancery judge in Pine Bluff, but lost in the primary by only ten votes to an opponent who openly used anti-Semitism during the campaign. The anti-Semitic candidate was later defeated in the general election.
Jews have also distinguished themselves in the field of journalism in Pine Bluff. Frank Silverman was owner and editor of the Jefferson Republican newspaper during the period after the Civil War. Silverman also served as sheriff and county judge. Meyer Solmson grew up in Pine Bluff and became editor of the Pine Bluff Daily Graphic when he was only 21 years old. His tenure was occasionally controversial. He once criticized local citizen J.E. Simmons in an article, after which Simmons threatened to kill Solmson. The young editor later shot and killed Simmons in self defense. Eventually, Solmson moved to St. Louis and then New York, where


There are two sets of credentials you might need when renaming a scheduled task using Rename-ScheduledTask.ps1:
 - The -ConnectionCredential parameter specifies the credentials to use to connect to the schedule service on the computer where the task is stored (either the local computer or a remote computer). If you aren't a member of the Administrators group on the computer hosting the task, you can connect to the schedule service using administrator credentials.
 - The -TaskCredential parameter specifies the credentials for the task itself, if needed. Task credentials are needed only when the task's Run whether user is logged on or not option is selected and the Do not store password option is not selected. If credentials are required and you don't specify the
 -TaskCredential parameter, the script will prompt you for credentials.
Both the -ConnectionCredential and -TaskCredential parameters require a PSCredential object as their argument. A PSCredential object securely stores a username and password for use in security operations. However, there is an important caveat you need to know about: Rename-ScheduledTask.ps1 converts the secure passwords in PSCredential objects to plain text because the scripting object model doesn't support PSCredential objects.
You can easily create PSCredential objects by using the Get-Credential cmdlet. Run the command
Get-Help Get-Credential
at a PowerShell prompt for more information about PSCredential objects.
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Park City, Utah, Uses GIS to Create Environmental Information Repository
Data Viewer Popular Beyond Expectations
Incorporated in 1884, Park City, Utah, has a rich silver mining history that spans from 1863 until the turn of the century. However, because of various economic downturns, mining interest dwindled, and
Consequently, in 1985, the city defined a boundary encompassing 618 acres of residential and commercial property that is required to be remediated to isolate the lead from human contact by installing a six-inch clean topsoil cap. Coupled with that concern was the explosive development the city must manage in a manner that preserves the precious and unique environment of the Wasatch Mountains. To assist in environmental preservation, the Park City Council adopted a Sensitive Area Overlay (SAO) Zone ordinance in 1992 with the primary intent of restricting development in aesthetically and environmentally sensitive areas. The sensitive areas protected by the ordinance include steep slopes, ridgelines, entry corridors, wetlands, streams, and wildlife habitat.
The Park City Environmental Data Viewer (_URL_ was developed specifically as an innovative information repository to educate the numerous stakeholders within Park City of the local environment, SAO, and the remediation that remains ongoing to improve both the East Canyon Creek and Silver Creek watersheds. In developing this application, several goals were accomplished, resulting in a community that is more aware of the city's past and is able to plan for the future in a manner that protects and preserves sensitive environmental areas within the city limits.
In 2004, the Building Department spearheaded the development of a GIS that was capable of managing environmental ordinances and compliance. Therefore, the remediation boundary and regulated lots were digitized with ArcGIS Desktop software, which was connected to the database system that contained the historical soil sampling data. Once this was completed, the value of the GIS for tracking the remediation progress within the boundary was immediately recognized. Not only could the city track compliance, but since the underlying contaminant levels were mapped within the GIS, a utility installation contractor could research different routes to avoid contamination and potentially avoid excessive soil disposal costs. In addition, the city recognized the substantial savings for the Public Works Department, which could research the contamination level at different areas of the city before
With that question, the Building Department contacted the Utah Automated Geographic Reference Center (AGRC) to inquire into its interests in assisting the city in developing an environmental data viewer. AGRC approved the idea to develop such an application with ArcGIS Server software. The application went through several different renditions with regard to format and implementing stakeholder ideas. The city provided all the GIS dataset layers from its ArcGIS Desktop software. In addition, since Park City did not have a GIS server, the city and AGRC drafted a mutual agreement that would allow the data viewer to be located at AGRC.
Meanwhile, staff recognized there was no budget for such an application. Therefore, the idea of the data viewer was presented to the East Canyon Watershed Committee, which also embraced the development of a GIS environmental data viewer for the watershed. The watershed committee unanimously voted to provide Section 319 Clean Water Act Grant money to fund 60 percent of the cost for development.
In December 2007, the data viewer was finalized, comprising all ideas from the committee.
The Park City Environmental Data Viewer has been such a success that building official Ron Ivie is amazed by its popularity and the number of users that access the data. Upon starting this endeavor, he thought there would probably be 4 services per day for the site; instead, he is completely astounded by the statistic of 576 services per day, which remains consistent.
Additionally, the department managers are also very satisfied with the viewer, since they now have a resource they can access without having to go to different locations to obtain answers to their environmental questions. The Planning Department is able to enforce stream setbacks and uniformly enforce the Sensitive Area Overlay. The Building Department can research whether a proposed building will be built over a mine shaft before issuing a building permit. The Public Works Department is able to determine where the drinking water source protection delineation exists, monitor activities within the boundaries, and prohibit potential contaminant sources. The City Engineer can evaluate lead levels and determine if the generated soils from installing utilities will need to be managed appropriately and disposed of at a permitted facility. USEPA and UDEQ have a product that provides them with up-to-date information with regard to the remediation progress of residential lots. Also, the city can consult with the Army Corps of Engineers or Department of Natural Resources cooperatively for activities that may intrude on jurisdictional waters. The watershed committee is using the data viewer to evaluate different areas of the watershed that can be improved. And Park City High School science classes use the data viewer for their research projects and field trips.
The city also recognizes the value the data viewer provides in managing the risks associated with the historic mine impacts that exist throughout Park City. Numerous other stakeholders, including the real estate community, lenders, buyers, owners, consultants, contractors, and developers, use the data viewer continuously to assist them in answering specific questions about Park City's unique environment, lead concentrations, remediation progress, and other issues related to past impacts. The program has successfully streamlined decision-making processes internally and improved internal and external services. It is a stable platform that will only become more useful and successful as additional GIS data is procured. Finally, the data viewer is an excellent model for other mining communities that are experiencing similar explosive growth and need to manage development while also protecting the environment during remediation and enforcement of institutional and engineering controls.
For more information, visit the Park City Environmental Data Viewer at _URL_ or contact Jeff Schoenbacher, environmental coordinator, Park City, Utah (tel.: _PHONE_, e-mail: _EMAIL_), or Barry Biediger, Utah Automated Geographic Reference Center (tel.: _PHONE_, Web: agrc.utah.gov).


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, warm, and fairly dark colours. We wouldn't associate an icy blue with autumn, simply because it does not exist in the natural autumnal world.
What then do autumn colours have in common that makes them harmonious? Well, firstly they are similar in temperature (warm) and similar in chroma (muted). And while there are, of course, lighter and darker colours to be found, many of them will cluster around a particular value level (dark). The same is true for each of the twelve colour palettes.
Which Colours Belong to Which Season?
To understand how colours are matched to each season, we need to go back to the three dimensions of colour. Let's start with hue and temperature (warm vs cool).
If you remember, a warm colour is based on yellow, whereas a cool colour is based on blue. So a colour that is completely warm has yellow undertones and no blue ones; and it will belong to either True Spring or True Autumn since these are the two "warm" seasons.
Completely cool colours have blue undertones and no yellow ones; and they will belong to either True Summer or True Winter – the "cool" seasons.
Remember, that within each colour warm and cool are relative concepts. A colour is warm or cool based on how much yellow or blue is added to it.
For example, a warm yellow will be very yellowish, whereas a cool yellow will appear somewhat greenish. Why? Because if you mix blue into yellow, you get green. And vice versa, if you mix yellow into blue, it will appear greenish because of the yellow undertones.
So while you might find yellows on the Winter palette, these are very cool yellows compared to the warm yellows of Autumn and Spring.
Now we know that cool colours belong either to True Summer or True Winter and warm colours belong to either True Spring or True Autumn. But how do we determine which of the two potential seasons they belong to?
For this we need to look at their value (lightness or darkness) and their chroma (brightness or softness).
Let's look at value first. We know that warm colours contain a lot of yellow. And yellow in its purest form is a light colour. Whereas blue in its purest form is a dark colour. If you mix blue into yellow, it will become darker; and if you mix yellow into blue, it will become lighter.
But that is not the only thing that happens here. If you look closely you will notice that the two hues in the middle of the chart are 'muddier' than the two hues on the outside. We have changed their chroma from extremely saturated to slightly muted. If we add this third dimension of colour to the chart, we get the following:
As you can see, the purest forms of yellow and blue have the highest chroma. Where these pure colours get mixed with each other, they not only change in value but also in chroma. They become less clear, less bright, and more muted.
If we rearrange the chart once more, we can see the workings behind the basic seasonal colour analysis model: While True Spring and True Winter contain the clearest, purest forms of yellow and blue, respectively, both True Autumn and True Summer contain more muted colours, which have been mixed with either blue or yellow.
This means that:
Spring – being completely warm and bright, has a lot of lighter colours (because yellow is inherently warm and light). That's why we find lots of tints in Spring.
Autumn – being completely warm but muted, has more darker colours (because inherently light yellow has been mixed with inherently dark blue causing the colours to become muddied and darker). That's why we find tones as well as shades in Autumn.
Winter – being completely cool and clear, has a lot of darker colours (because blue is inherently cool and dark). However, Winter is the season of high contrast and high intensity; hence we not only find shades but also tints in this season.
Summer – being completely cool but muted, has more lighter colours (because inherently dark blue has been mixed with inherently light yellow causing the colours to become more muted and lighter). That's why we find lots of tones in Summer.
In summary, the colours you find on each colour palette will have the following qualities:
How Does This Translate Into The Twelve Seasons Colour Analysis?
The same principles apply to the twelve seasons colour analysis. The only difference is that each season is further divided into three sub-seasons. That means that there are three colour palettes for each season instead of one. All three palettes will cluster around the same hues, but depending on the sub-season's most prominent colour dimensions, the colours will be slightly brighter/more muted, lighter/darker, or warmer/cooler.
Let's look at Spring, for example. Spring is divided into Bright Spring, True Spring, and Light Spring. If we look at the three colour dimensions for each, we can see that they are similar but not the same. While all three palettes are on the warm side, True Spring is the warmest out of all. This is because its dominant characteristic is warm. Bright Spring is the brightest out of the three, and Light Spring is the lightest and least bright one.
Bright + Warm
Warm + Bright
Light + Warm
The matching colour palettes reflect these characteristics. While all three palettes contain similarly warm hues, we can see that the Bright Spring colour palette contains the most intense, saturated colours, the True Spring palette has the warmest colours, and the Light Spring palette has the lightest ones.
So while all three palettes belong to the Spring colour family, different colour aspects are intensified and highlighted in each one of them. And if you are a Spring, depending on which colour characteristic is the most dominant in your colouring, your colour palette will be built around that.


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Nature holds something for everyone, as the 48 photographs on display at the Scottsdale Museum of Contemporary Art remind us.
Celebrating the 50th anniversary of The Nature Conservancy, the landscape interpretations by 12 internationally acclaimed photographers recall life and beauty beyond asphalt and concrete.
They remind us of greatness and goodness, not only in the world, but in ourselves. They remind us of our responsibilities as stewards of a rich and varied world.
Annie Leibovitz, Lee Friedlander, Richard Misrach, William Wegman, Karen Halverson and Mary Ellen Mark were among those commissioned for this commemorative reflection. Styles and subject matter vary, but one sentiment prevails — we are made better by nature.
"A lot of people expect 'National Geographic,' " said Andy Grundberg, exhibit curator, in a phone interview from Washington, D.C. Grundberg is administrative chairman of the photo department at the Corcoran College of Art and Design.
"This isn't Ansel Adams," he said. Nor is it a reaction against beauty, the "spoiledby-man-theme" that defines contemporary landscape photography.
Rather, "These photographers each had well-known styles and brought that style to these places," Grundberg said. In many cases the photographers went beyond their known quality and explored new territory.
Terry Evans, for example, known for her North America prairie photography, turned her lens on botanical specimens for the Conservancy project. Celebrity photographer Annie Leibovitz did a black-and-white study of Shawangunk Mountains in New York. Bill Christenberry broke out of his cultural reference genre in presenting Alabama's Cahaba River and Bib County Glades. Lee Friedlander's work in the Muleshoe Ranch Cooperative Management Area explores the diversity of plants growing in the vicinity of the San Pedro River in southeast Arizona. Friedlander is best known for his human portraits.
As well as being important art, the photographs illustrate the diverse life The Nature Conservancy looks to preserve and conserve. Around the world, the Conservancy protects 116 million acres. In Arizona, it has helped to protect more than a million acres.
Patrick Graham, state director of the Conservancy, said while the six nature preserves are important, the organization does a lot of wo rk beyond those properties to sustain diversity. That work has included the use of fire as a management tool as well as public education on strategic natural systems. Some of the Conservancy's fire management work is being applied to U.S. Forest Service land. An ongoing educational project involves the San Pedro River, where 4 million migratory birds reside each year. Development threatened that important environmental corridor until, more than 20 years ago, the Conservancy stepped in to raise public awareness.
"It is not our goal to have people think a particular way," Graham said. "We don't take the position of forcing values on others. But we do try to show that it is in their best interest to have functioning natural systems whether those system are about migratory birds or not."
People have a great love of nature. But sometimes we all need to be reminded that the choices we make today are choices our grandchildren will have to live with.
Arizona Nature Conservancy sites
ARAVAIPA CANYON PRESERVE
Where: 50 miles northeast of Tucson; call for directions What to do: Hiking, bird-watching wildlife viewing along Turkey Creek. Overnight accommodations. When to visit: Open daily, year-round Cost: Free Phone: _PHONE_
HART PRAIRIE PRESERVE Where: 14 miles northwest of Flagstaff; call for directions What to do: Hiking, bird-watching, wildlife viewing, cross-country skiing. Overnight accommodations. Reservations required. Guided nature walk: 10 a.m. Wednesdays and Sundays, June to mid-October. Call for reservations. When to visit: June through mid-October; cross-country skiing after Jan. 1 Phone: _PHONE_
PRESERVE Where: U.S. Highway 60, three miles southeast of Wickenburg. Entrance on the west side of the highway near milepost 114. What to do: Hiking, bird-watching wildlife viewing, nature study. Bookstore. Guided nature walk: 8:30 a.m. the last Saturday of the month. When to visit: Trails open 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. Wednesdays to Sundays. Cost: $5 nonmembers, $3 members, under 16 free. Phone: _PHONE_
MULESHOE RANCH COOPERATIVE
MANAGEMENT AREA Where: 30 miles northwest of Willcox. Follow Airport Road north from Willcox for 15 miles to junction just past mailboxes, bear right and continue 14 miles. What to do: Hiking, horseback riding, bird-watching, wildlife viewing, nature study. Overnight accommodations. Guided nature walk: Saturdays, September to May; call for time and reservation. When to visit: Headquarters open Thursdays through Mondays, September through Memorial Day; Friday to Sunday, June through Labor Day. Backcountry open daily, year round. Cost: Free Phone: _PHONE_
PATAGONIA-SONOITA CREEK PRESERVE
Where: 60 miles southeast of Tucson near the town of Patagonia What to do: Hiking, bird-watching wildlife viewing Guided nature walk: 9 a.m. Saturdays When to visit: 7:30 a.m. to 4 p.m. Wednesdays to Sundays October through March; 6:30 a.m. to 4 p.m. Wednesdays to Sundays April through September. Cost: $5 nonmembers, $3 members, free for children 16 and younger Phone: _PHONE_
RAMSEY CANYON PRESERVE
Where: 90 miles southeast of Tucson near Sierra Vista. What to do: Hiking, bird-watching, wildlife viewing, nature study. Overnight accommodations. Bookstore. Guided Nature Walk: 9 a.m. Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays, March through October When to visit: 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. March through October and 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. November through February. Open daily. Cost: $5 nonmembers, $3 members, children 16 and younger free Phone: _PHONE_


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Turtles fossilised in sex embrace
Turtles killed as they were having sex and then fossilised in position have been described by scientists.
The remains of the 47-million-year old animals were unearthed in the famous Messel Pit near Darmstadt, Germany.
They were found as male-female pairs. In two cases, the males even had their tails tucked under their partners' as would be expected from the coital position.
Details are carried in the Royal Society journal Biology Letters.
Researchers think the turtles had initiated sex in the surface waters of the lake that once existed on the site, and were then overcome as they sank through deeper layers made toxic by the release of volcanic gases.
The animals, still in embrace, were then buried in the lakebed sediments and locked away in geological time.
"We see this in some volcanic lakes in East African today," explained Dr Walter Joyce of the University of Tübingen.
"Every few hundred years, these lakes can have a sudden outburst of carbon dioxide, like the opening of a champagne bottle, and it will poison everything around them."
The turtles described in Biology Letters are of the extinct species Allaeochelys crassesculpta.
They are about 20cm in length; the females are slightly bigger than the males.
Their nearest living relatives are probably the pig-nosed turtle (Carettochelys insculpta), a much bigger species that swims in waters around Australia and Papua New Guinea.
A. crassesculpta is just one of thousands of exquisitely preserved fossil creatures pulled from Messel Pit, which has Unesco World Heritage status because of its palaeontological significance.
Nine pairs of turtles have been unearthed at the site over the past 30 years.
In most of the couples, the individuals were discovered in contact with each other. For the pairs that were not, the individuals were no more than 30cm apart.
"People had long speculated they might have died while mating, but that's quite different from actually showing it," said Dr Joyce.
"We've demonstrated quite clearly that each pair is a male and a female, and not, for example, just two males that might have died in combat.
"This fact combined with the observation that their back ends are always orientated toward one another, and the two pairs with tails in the position of mating - that's a smoking gun in our view."
It is said to be the only example in the fossil record of vertebrates being preserved in the act of having sex.
For invertebrates, there are numerous examples in the scientific literature of copulating insects being caught in amber, or fossilised tree resin.


Why isn't my Heat turning on with my Sensi?
If you are finding that your heat is not running, check the physical Sensi thermostat on the wall. Ensure that the Wifi symbol is present in the top left corner, and does not show an "X". If your Sensi is not connected to Wi-Fi, Ecovent will not be able to adjust it to ensure your comfort settings are met.
Follow these steps to reconnect your Sensi to Wi-Fi
If your Sensi is connected to the Wi-Fi and the heat is not running, check that the set point is above the current room temp:
 1. If the set point is below the current temperature, Ecovent has determined that your heat should not be running as a result of your room settings. You can raise your room temps in the Ecovent app and shortly after Ecovent will adjust your Sensi thermostat.
 2. If the set point is above the current room temperature, use this guide from Sensi to determine if your HVAC is set up properly and configured for your heat source.
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WASHINGTON (AP) - After more than a century, the Census Bureau is dropping its use of the word "Negro" to describe black Americans in surveys.
Instead of the term that came into use during the Jim Crow era of racial segregation, census forms will use the more modern labels "black" or "African-American."
Nicholas Jones is chief of the Census Bureau's racial statistics branch. He tells The Associated Press that the change will take effect next year, when the bureau distributes its annual American Community Survey to more than 3.5 million U.S. households.
According to Jones, months of public feedback and census research concluded that few black Americans still identify with being Negro, and many view the term as offensive and outdated.
The term Negro was first used in the census in 1900.


Exenatide, a new drug for diabetes developed by Amylin Pharmaceuticals and Eli Lilly, can control blood glucose in patients who are not meeting treatment goals on thiazolidinedione drugs, with or without metformin, according to data reported yesterday at the American Diabetes Association annual conference.
Exenatide, from a new drug class known as incretin mimetics, is already approved in the USA as an add-on therapy for patients who cannot meet their blood glucose targets using a sulphonylurea and/or metformin, and has been filed in Europe for the same indication.
If added into the product's labelling, the new data would expand the number of patients eligible to receive exenatide to include those on thiazolidinediones, such as GlaxoSmithKline's Avandia (rosiglitazone) and Lilly/Takeda's Actos (pioglitazone).
In the study, patients taking exenatide showed improvements in key measures of blood glucose control, including haemoglobin A1C which gives an idea of glucose control over time.
62% of trial participants using exenatide who completed the full study reached the target HbA1C of 7% or less, compared to 16% of those who received placebo on top of their existing treatment. An HbA1c level of 7% or less is the therapeutic target laid down by ADA therapy guidelines.
Exenatide treatment also resulted in a reduction in average body weight. Patients on exenatide lost an average of 1.5 kg of body weight, while those treated with placebo lost on average 0.2 kg (0.4 pounds).
The drug is an analogue of GLP-1, an incretin hormone that acts throughout the body to help maintain healthy blood sugar levels and to control appetite. In healthy individuals, GLP-1 levels rise during a meal and along with glucose stimulate the production of insulin. This response is blunted in type 2 diabetics. GLP-1 also contributes to the health and survival of the insulin-producing cells in the body.
Exenatide was launched onto the US market a year ago under the Byetta tradename, and achieved sales of $67 million in the second half of the year. The drug is given twice daily, although Amylin and Lilly are working on a once-weekly formulation.
Meanwhile, Danish drugmaker Novo Nordisk recently kicked off a Phase III programme for its own incretin mimetic, liraglutide (formerly known as NN2211).


the left visualizes the vector field and one trajectory of love. The figure on the right visualizes Romeo and Juliet's trajectory separately.
plot of chunk unnamed-chunk-17
Although both lovers start at mutual affection, over the course of their relationship, they feel happy, then sad, then happy, then sad, until they don't feel anymore. If, on the other hand, we change $A$ to
we have $\alpha = 0.05$ which is positive. This implies slower growth than we had decay before ($\alpha = -0.10$). If we allow both lovers only an ounce of mutual affection $(0.1, 0.1)$, they will spiral forever, they feelings always growing, always changing.
plot of chunk unnamed-chunk-18
I encourage you to play around with the code a bit to get an intuition for these things. In the next section, we look at a special case of this linear system before we wrap-up.
The circle of love
Oh, so long, Marianne
It's time that we began to laugh
And cry and cry and laugh about it all again.
An interesting special case of the spiral of love occurs when $\alpha = 0$ such that all eigenvalues are imaginary. As an example, let $a = 0$, $b = -1$, $c = 1$, and $d = 0$ such that:
Romeo and Juliet do not listen to their own feelings anymore, but only to their partner's feelings. However, they do so in opposite ways. For Romeo, this model implies that when Juliet's feelings for him are high ($J > 0$), Romeo's feelings for Juliet decrease. If they are low ($J < 0$), then his feelings increase. For Juliet, it is exactly the opposite: when Romeo's feelings are strong ($R > 0$), her feelings increase, while when his feelings wane ($R < 0$), her feelings decrease. Is this a (mathematically) stable relationship? To find out, we visualize the vector field below as well as three love trajectories.
plot of chunk unnamed-chunk-19
Romeo and Juliet are stuck in a never ending circle! Regardless of the starting point, they will be prisoners to the Sisyphean circle of love which will make them laugh and cry and cry and laugh about it all again. Except, of course, when they start at the origin $(0, 0)$: if they start with indifference, they will forever stay indifferent. Note that the fixed point is now called a center which is neutrally stable, since nearby trajectories are neither attracted nor repelled from the fixed point.
We have started and ended our journey of relationships with two extremes: ignoring the other's feelings and ignoring one's own. Both are unhealthy. Communication is key. In the next section, we recap the types of linear systems we have seen in this blog post.
Classification recap
She took off a silver locket
She said remember me by this
She put her hand in my pocket
I got a keepsake and a kiss
The figure below summarizes the classification of linear systems we have, step by step, developed in this blog post (see also Strogatz, 2015, p. 140).
plot of chunk unnamed-chunk-20
If both $\tau = 0$ and $\Delta = 0$, the eigenvalues are zero and the solution is a constant: Romeo and Juliet's feelings will forever stay wherever they started — we have a plane of fixed points. If $\tau = 0$ but $\Delta \neq 0$, either Romeo or Juliet's feelings are constant, and the other person's feelings either exponentially grow or decay — we have a line of fixed points.
Saddle points occur when $\tau \neq 0$ and $\Delta < 0$, which implies that one eigenvalue is positive and the other is negative, that is, we have exponentially growth in one eigendirection and exponential decay in the other; the fixed point $(0, 0)$ is generally unstable, except when the initial condition is exactly on the vector along we which there is exponential decay.
If $\tau = 0$ and $\Delta = 0$ all eigenvalues are imaginary, resulting in a center — the circle of love. These become spirals if $\tau \neq 0$, since the eigenvalues now have a real part which results in amplifying oscillations ($\tau > 0$) or dampened oscillations ($\tau < 0$).
On the parabola described by $\tau^2 - 4\Delta = 0$ we have repeated eigenvalues. If the resulting eigenvectors are independent, we have a star node in which all directions either point towards the origin ($\lambda < 0$) or away from it ($\lambda > 0$).
If the resulting eigenvectors are not independent, we have a degenerate node; we cannot invert the matrix of eigenvectors anymore and thus need to use other methods. One such method is provided by matrix exponentials — see the Post Scriptum.
Above the parabola, we either have stable nodes for $\tau < 0$ and unstable nodes for $\tau > 0$.1
You can fall for pretty strangers and the promises they hold
In this blog post, we have seen that linear differential equations are a powerful tool to model how systems change over time in general, and how the love affair between two lovebirds can evolve in particular. We have started out with an isolated Romeo whose feelings either exponentially grow or decay. Romeo then met Juliet, and we have extended the single differential equation to a system of two equations to accommodate this life event.
Love affairs can take many shapes and forms. We have classified those depending on their stability landscape, and seen that linear differential equations can be solved in closed-form by using eigenvectors and eigenvalues or matrix exponentials. In a follow-up blog post, Romeo and Juliet's love will overcome the shackles of linearity, and we end up with nonlinear differential equations. This will make for more intriguing relationships. We will also add a third lover and study how the dynamics change — it might get chaotic!
I would like to thank Oisín Ryan for discussion as well as extensive and very helpful comments on this blog post.
Post Scriptum
Solving differential equations using matrix exponentials
Recall that the solution to the single linear differential equation $\frac{\mathrm{d}x}{\mathrm{d}t} = ax$ is:
The series expansion of $e$ is given by:
The idea is to generalize this to allow for a matrix in the exponent. In particular, analogously to the one-dimensional case, we want the system
to have solutions of the form:
First, we generalize the series expansion of $e$ to matrices:
With this definition, we assume that $\mathbf{x} = \mathbf{x}_0 e^{At}$ and check whether it is true that:
Observe that:
which shows that, indeed, the matrix exponential of $A$ is a solution to a system of linear differential equations!
The matrix exponential solution generalizes the solution using eigendecomposition to non-diagonal matrices $A$. For a diagonalizable matrix $A$, we can connect the approach of using the matrix exponential to solve a system of linear differential equations to the eigendecomposition approach we have discussed above. Observe that:
that is, by noting that the matrix exponential of a diagonal matrix given by simply exponentiating each element. This is then the solution in the eigenbasis, which we transform back by multiplying with $E$, as we have done earlier. For diagonalizable matrices, this is a very convenient way of computing the matrix exponential. For general matrices, this is not possible and one needs to rely on other ways of computing the matrix exponential (see Moler & Van Loan, 2003).
To return to our initial problem: we want an expression for the solution of the system described by:
in order to easily compute the trajectory of Romeo and Juliet's feelings. Assuming that $\mathbf{x}_0 = (1, 1)$, the solution to the system is:
which we can implement straightforwardly in R.
solve_linear2 <- function(A, inits = c(1, 1), tmax = 20, n = 1000) {
 # create time steps
 x <- matrix(NA, nrow = n, ncol = ncol(A))
 for (i in seq(n)) {
 t <- ts[i]
 x[i, ] <- expm(A*t) %*% inits
The figure below visualizes a few trajectories of this system that were hithertho uncomputable using the eigendecomposition.
plot of chunk unnamed-chunk-22
 - Strogatz, S. H. (1988). Love affairs and differential equations. Mathematics Magazine, 61(1), 35-35.
 - Strogatz, S. H. (2015). Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos: With applications to Physics, Biology, Chemistry, and Engineering. Colorado, US: Westview Press.
 - Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos Lectures by Steven Strogatz, especially Lecture 5.
 - Ryan, O., Kuiper, R. M., & Hamaker, E. L. (2018). A continuous time approach to intensive longitudinal data: What, Why and How? In K. v. Montfort, J. H. L. Oud, & M. C. Voelkle (Eds.), Continuous time modeling in the behavioral and related


Post 476 –by Gautam Shah
The word Trellis derives from trilicius, (tri- + licium = thread), referring it to a woven entity 'with three threads. A trellis in old French as treliz simply refers to a fabric of open texture. Basket or matt weave is interpreted as construction where two or more threads of grass, weeds, vines, twigs, bamboo slivers or green cane slip are used in both the warp and filling direction. And so Trellis may have meant an open-mat like weave. These may have been used as screen cover over the gaps or openings like doors and windows, to prevent entry of stray animals rodents, flies, and mosquitoes, to reduce the pressure of heavy winds, or, control the brightness.
Garden Trellis
Matts have Three forms, soft ones have no edge reinforcement and so can be folded in either of the direction. Matts with reinforcement at the ends (usually warp ends) can be rolled up after hanging, whereas with stiff support on all four edges, it forms a panel. Trellises are referred to "as panels, made from interwoven wood pieces".
Gitterpavillon_SanssouciTreillage is French word (Middle French, from treille or vine arbor) for latticework used for supporting vines and green foliage. Lattices have been used in agriculture for supporting plants, and protecting them in inclement weather. During Renaissance period lattices were key elements of garden scapes. These were used for gates, fences, tree guards and as support structures for pots and vases. For garden scapes metal trellises replaced the wood trellises, post-industrial age. A metal structure gets very hot and fast, burning out the climbers or plants, so wood has continued to be a compulsory requirement.
Cheval de frise, a medieval latticed defense for anti-cavalry measure with many projecting long iron or wooden spikes or spears.
Stone Trellis Cage
Lattices are architectural as well as interior space elements. These are of essentially of Five types.
1 Protective lattices against height related hazards, within openings, spiked one against unauthorized entry, and as spark arresters in fire places.
2 Space dividing elements such as fences, guard rails, reja (screens to enclose a chapel or a tomb in a church), partitions, and as a translucent barrier. Indian balconies, Zarokha and Mid-East countries traditional window form, Mashrabiya, use grills to occlude vision from outside and as a sun shading device.
Iron grating over window Venice
3 Roofing elements are called Pergola or roof screens. Indian urban houses in crowded localities have central open cut spaces called Chowk, and these are covered with a lattice structure at every floor level. These are used for seating, sleeping, craft work, drying clothes, etc. besides providing lighting and ventilation to every floor. Pergolas are used to control the illumination and cutoff sunlight during specific daily and seasonal schedules.
Puerto Rico Convention Center San Juan
4 Flooring elements of lattices are used in walkways and catwalks of warehouses, performance stages. Floor lattices in doors screen dust off the shoes soles. Floor lattices do not allow cattle to enter or leave an estate.
5 Structural Lattices are mainly used for reducing the mass (dead weight). Girders are castrated to increase the depth for the same mass. Brides, towers, pylons, Vierendeel Girders.
Game Nets


text:
Effect of salts on the structure-function relationships of sodium kappa-carrageenan
Carrageenans are sulfated marine polysaccharides used in a wide variety of food applications such as bodying, gelling, thickening and emulsion stabilization in waterand milk-based systems. They also find promising pharmaceutical usage due to antiinflammatory, anti-tumor and anti-coagulant activities, to name a few. Among them, kappa-carrageenan is favored owing to its desirable properties such as high gel strength and stability. Though the significance of cations on the structure-function relationships is well-documented, the role of anions is still elusive. This investigation aims at providing the pertinent details, especially in the presence of halide ions such as Cl-, Brand I-. In this regard, sodium salts as well as sodium kappa-carrageenan have been chosen as the model systems. In addition, the effect of chaotropic salts urea and guanidinium chloride has been studied to understand their influence. Dynamic rheological measurements and melting properties were obtained for 1.5% and 2% w/w solutions in the presence of 0, 50, and 100 mM salts. X-ray diffraction has been carried out on oriented fibers to assess the extent of association among the carrageenan chains towards network formation. The addition of sodium chloride, sodium bromide or guanidinium chloride appears to promote aggregation among the carrageenan chains leading to increased elastic moduli, whereas urea has marginal effect. However, sodium iodide promotes soft gelling solutions as well as well-oriented and crystalline fibers. Furthermore, melting peak temperature and associated enthalpies are higher with sodium iodide than with the other salts, suggesting the important role of iodide ions in preventing the carrageenan chain aggregation leading to ordered networks. The outcome indeed aids in the enhanced utility of kappa-carrageenan, especially towards the design and development of novel functional materials such as carriers of bioactive compounds.
Janaswamy, Purdue University.
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text:
Definitions for pericope
This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word pericope
A section of text forming a coherent thought, suitable for use in a speech.
A passage of Scripture to be read in public worship or a book containing such passages.
Origin: From late Latin pericope, from Greek περικοπή 'section', from peri- + κοπή 'cutting', from κόπτειν 'to cut'.
a selection or extract from a book; especially (Theol.), a selection from the Bible, appointed to be read in the churches or used as a text for a sermon
Origin: [L., section of a book, Gr. ; peri' around + to cut.]
A pericope in rhetoric is a set of verses that forms one coherent unit or thought, suitable for public reading from a text, now usually of sacred scripture. Manuscripts, often illuminated, called Pericopes, are normally abbreviated Gospel Books only containing the sections of the Gospels required for the Masses of the liturgical year. Notable examples, both Ottonian, are the Pericopes of Henry II and the Salzburg Pericopes. Lectionaries are normally made up of pericopes containing the Epistle and Gospel readings for the liturgical year. A pericope consisting of passages from different parts of a single book, or from different books of the Bible, and linked together into a single reading is called a concatenation or composite reading.
Find a translation for the pericope definition in other languages:
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text:
Examples of rife sentences. Journalists, word game players, and people looking to increase their knowledge of English might especially like this page. The lines of text below use rife in a sentence, and provide visitors a sentence for rife.
- In spite of all reticence, rumour was busy and curiosity still rife. (8)
- In these days dangers, pitfalls, snares, were rife; in these days men went about and openly, unashamedly advocated shameful doctrines. (8)
- Pogis, and from the instinct of a society woman, already rife in her. (9)
Glad you visited this page with a sentence for rife. Perhaps also see a sentence for revelations and ways to use rivalry in a sentence. Now that you've seen how to use rife in a sentence hope you might explore the rest of this educational reference site Sentencefor.com to see many other example sentences which provide word usage information.


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The final rule on MACRA was released by the Department of Health and Human Services on October 14th, 2016. Since the final rule weighs in at a staggering 2,171 pages, we here at GroupOne thought it would be helpful to provide you with a list of resources that offer detailed information about the final rule.
If you'd like to sift through 2,171 pages yourself, feel free. Here's the link to the final rule if you're into that kind of thing.
If you're not that ambitious but still want to read some substance of the rule, here's a link to the executive summary.
Now, for those of you who don't enjoy reading Federal documents for fun, here's a list of resources that will help you get a handle on MACRA. We've also provided a short description of each resource below so you know what to expect from each.
1) The Quality Payment Program (QPP) Website
This website has been put together by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS) in order to help physicians fully understand what the QPP is.The home page of this website tells you basic information like:
- What's the Quality Payment Program;
- Who's in the Quality Payment Program;
- How the Quality Payment Program changes your Medicare payments; and
- Details the different options for participation
The tabs at the top of the home page allow you to learn about the program, which explains how you participate in the Merit-based Incentive Payment System (MIPS) and how you participate in Alternative Payment Models (APMs) or you can explore different measures by using the tool to browse the different MIPS measures and activities.
The Education and Tools tab gives clinicians access to a resource library where they can find links to official information.
2) The American Medical Association
The American Medical Association provides their analysis of the Medicare Payment Reform. The home page of this website provides background information like:
- How you can prepare
- Efforts to improve the rule
- Understanding MIPS
- Understanding APMs
The key to this resource is the tools it provides. For example, the AMA Payment Model Evaluator provides clinicians with educational resources, a brief assessment to discover where your practice stands under MACRA and actionable resources to maximize success.
The AMA STEPS Forward Practice Transformation Series learning module gives clinicians five STEPS to prepare for value-based care, answers common questions about becoming a value-focused organization, and provides case vignettes that describe how clinicians can create value-based practices.
3) Healthcare Communities
Healthcare Communities developed a Practice Transformation Network (PTN) Map. This map provides state and regional level PTN information for clinicians looking to begin their transformation journey. This interactive map allows you to click on a state in order to find PTNs in your area and then allows you to click on the PTN name to link to contact and recruitment information about that specific PTN.
SAignite helps healthcare organizations simplify the management of complex value-based programs. They provide a great deal of resources in regards to MACRA and they are constantly analyzing and updating this information as the rule changes. SAignite also provides monthly webinars that cover all topics of MACRA.


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Electromagnetic field distributions in 3-dimensional irregular cavities
Ulrich Dörr · Hans-Jürgen Stöckmann · Michael Barth · Ulrich Kuhl
The eigenfrequencies νn of the cavity are measured in
dependance of the metallic bead position r:
Wavefunctions and their Δν distribution
|wave functions||distributions of Δν|
Δν distribution of wavefunctions
Distribution P(Δν) is defined by:
If all components of E and B are independently Gaussian distributed, i.e,
Only for chaotic wave functions the ansatz is valid. If the wave function is scarred, deviations from the expected deviations can be seen. Therefore the distribution can be used as a check whether the wave function is chaotic or not.
Δν distribution at the walls
Close to the walls three field components must be zero, due to the boundary conditions. Thus the distribution of Δν must be different and can be calculated by using only three independent components of the fields.
At the walls (d < 10mm) the deviations from the volume distribution (dashed dotted line) clearly can be seen. The sharp peak of the expected distribution (dashed line) can't be resolved.
In the intermediate regime (10mm < d < 20mm) a transition from border to volume distribution is found.
For the data well inside the cavity (d > 20mm) the volume distribution describes the experimental findings.
Spatial correlation functions
(in cooperation with B. Eckhardt)
The spatial correlation function is defined by:
Longitudinal correlation function along the displacement:
Transversal correlation function:
If the polarization is not considered, one expects:
Experimental correlation functions(- - - - including polarization, · · · · excluding polarization)
ResultsThough the electromagnetic fields E and B are coupled by the Maxwell equations, the six components can be considered as independently Gaussian distributed.
==> Field distributions can be described by random superposition of plane waves.