How contagious are kids with COVID? Short answer: We don't know
Des élèves se désinfectent les mains dans une école à Strasbourg, le 1er septembre 2020
Are children a major source of contagion for COVID-19? Ten months into a pandemic that has claimed 1.2 million lives experts are still divided on the question, even as governments must decide whether to keep classrooms open or shut.
During the first wave of infection, scientific consensus formed around the concern that children might be a crucial vector—as they are for the flu—in spreading the new coronavirus.
And then, moving into the summer, the opposite idea took hold: kids, especially young ones, did not infect others that much, several studies suggested.
"If you look at the scientific literature, it's really not very clear," said Dominique Costagliola, an epidemiologist at the Marie and Pierre Curie Faculty of the Sorbonne University in Paris.
These apparently contradictory results have not made things any easier for policy makers struggling to balance the health of their citizens and their economies.
A number of studies showed that children, who rarely show symptoms when infected, were not highly contagious to other family members during lockdowns in the Spring.
But that was during a period when schools were shut down and the spread of the virus had slowed, noted epidemiologist Zoe Hyde, a professor at the University of Western Australia.
"Most studies of COVID-19 and children have been conducted during highly unusual lockdown periods or at a time of low community transmission," she noted in the Medical Journal of Australia.
More recently, however, a new wave of studies from the United States, India and South Korea have challenged the idea that kids are not that contagious.
Findings published last week from the US Centers for Disease Control based on a study of 300 people in September concluded that "transmission of SARS-CoV-2 among household members was frequent from either children or adults."
A much larger study from Britain released on Tuesday paints a different picture.
Politically charged question
"Living with children 0-11 years old was not associated with increased risks of recorded SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 related hospital or ICU admission," research from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and the University of Oxford, based on data from more than nine million adults, concluded.
For children aged 12 to 18, there was a risk, but it remained small, the study found.
Children "can transmit it to others," said Maria Van Kerkhove, an epidemiologist at the World Health Organization's Health Emergencies Program. "Although, that seems to occur less often than transmission does among adults."
Des élèves ont revêtu un masque dans un collège à Vincennes (Val-de-Marne), le 1er septembre 2020
Younger children, she added, appear to transmit it less to each other than teenagers, where infection among peers happens at roughly the same rate as among adults.
"When symptomatic, children shed virus in similar quantities to adults and can infect others in a similar way to adults," the EU's European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control said in August. "It is unknown how infectious asymptomatic children are."
If the capacity of kids to transmit COVID remains in doubt, there is no doubt they are generally asymptomatic or have less serious forms of the disease compared to adults.
One important—but very rare—exception is a syndrome in which the immune system of infected children, especially young ones, turns against itself.
Adding urgency to the scientific debate on kids and COVID infection is the politically charged question of whether to keep schools open or not.
Most schools across dozens of countries were shut down during Spring lockdown, placing a huge strain on parents and compromising the education of their children.
"Everyone understands how important schools are for children, not only for their education but for their well being, mental health, and security," noted Van Kerkhove.
"In some situations, it's where many children get food."
'Risk is not zero'
Many countries—including France, Britain, Austria and Ireland—have implemented nationwide partial lockdowns in recent weeks to slow the rapid spread of the virus, but opted to keep schools open this time.
"The risk related to schools is not zero—no one is saying that," noted Daniel Levy-Bruhl, an official at France's public health watchdog agency.
Isolated cases must be put into perspective, he added.
"There are a huge number of schools open around the world and, for the most part, there are few problems."
The French government, allowing for the possibility that children might be more contagious than suspected, has imposed mask wearing at school for children six years old and up. The cut-off age before was 11.
"Even if they are les contagious than persons 14 and older, young children have a lot of contact with each other and adults," said Costagliola. "Lots of contacts means more contaminations."
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Journal information: Medical Journal of Australia
© 2020 AFP
Citation: How contagious are kids with COVID? Short answer: We don't know (2020, November 4) retrieved 26 February 2021 from _URL_
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My Husband Survived a Widowmaker Heart Attack: 12 Things About Heart Attacks You Need to Know by Donna John
Heart Health
4 months ago
In 2016, my husband had a widowmaker heart attack. Because of what we describe as "divine intervention," he survived. When he had the heart attack, he was in the right place, at the right time, with the right people. An ambulance arrived within 16 minutes, and he had a stent inserted at 29 minutes.
How much do you know about widowmakers, or heart attacks in general? Here are some things to know from the Texas Heart Institute
 1. A widowmaker is a 100 percent blockage in the main coronary artery.
 2. Without medical help, the survival rate of a widowmaker is zero, thus the name.
 3. Don't be misled by the name – women can have a "widowmaker" as well.
 4. Heart attacks can be caused by plaque in an artery; a blood clot that blocks an artery; "vulnerable plaque" that ruptures and causes a blockage in an artery; and coronary artery spasm, where an artery spasms and narrows, blocking blood flow.
 5. There are two types of heart attacks, the most severe being an ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction, or STEMI, where the coronary artery is completely blocked and the heart receives no blood and begins to die (widowmaker). A non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction, or NSTEMI, means that the coronary artery is only partly blocked.
 6. An electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG) shows if you are having a STEMI.
 7. For men, chest pain is only one of the possible symptoms of a heart attack. Other symptoms include shortness of breath, dizziness, lightheadedness, fainting, sweating and nausea. Symptoms of a heart attack for women are different.
 8. The outcome of a heart attack depends on a few factors – what artery was blocked; if heart rhythm was disturbed; if the heart got blood from another source; and how soon the person received medical attention.
Here are a few things I learned going through the experience with my husband:
 1. The mental recovery after surviving a heart attack is much harder than the physical recovery.
 2. Don't think you can't have a heart attack because you're in good shape and eat healthy. My husband had lost more than 40 pounds, was eating all the good stuff you're supposed to, taking vitamins and exercising regularly. He was working out when he had the heart attack. (Read "Trainer Bob Harper Had a Heart Attack: What Does This Mean for the Rest of Us?")
 3. Don't dwell on the fact that most people do not survive a widowmaker. Every time we got a new nurse or other medical caregiver on duty, here came the "you shouldn't be here" comments. Well meaning, but anxiety building. Talk to friends and family about this, too.
 4. It'll take time, but life will get back to "normal." One day you'll wake up and realize you didn't think about it today. As soon as your doctor gives the all-good, get out and do the normal things you did together.
My husband lived. With all the medical advances many more are joining the "I Survived a Widowmaker" group. Eat healthy, if you smoke quit, exercise and try to reduce the stress in your life. That's really all we can do. And if you've survived a widowmaker, take it as you still have things to do on this earth – and live your life to the fullest.
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Elisa A. Schmitz 30Seconds
What a terrifying experience for you, Donna John. I am so glad your husband had a positive outcome. Thank God for Divine Intervention! Thank you for this helpful information. My dad had several heart attacks and ended up with quadruple bypass surgery a few years ago. The surgeon said much of his problem was genetics. So grateful for the advances in health care to save those we love. ❤
Teacher Karen
What a story! So glad yours had a happy ending. Lifestyle makes a difference, but our DNA impacts our health and wellness too...and when it's a negative impact thank goodness for all the medical advances available!
Donna John
That is so true, Teacher Karen. It was a scary time, but we got through it. He's doing great.
Teacher Karen
That's wonderful!
Stacey Roberts
I can only imagine it must suck the energy out of you to recant this experience, but thank you so much for doing it. This is one of those things that a healthy person is at risk of just like what someone who's considered unhealthy is and that's what makes this one so dangerous.
First time I heard of this was from a doctor we'd just established with, in his late 30's. He ate well, was an avid hiker and had a glass of wine occasionally. It was while on a hike he knew something wasn't right so went straight to the ER. If he wasn't a doctor, he'd be dead, but he knew the symptoms. He just never thought he'd be the sufferer.
And thank you for addressing the mental toll this takes, which is as important to be treated as the physical injury.
God blessed you are!
Donna John
The mental side of it was unexpected for me. Physically, he was OK straight out of the hospital. But mentally, it took a long time before things got back to "normal." So glad your doctor was OK! Thanks for sharing his story. Stacey Roberts
Ann Marie Gardinier Halstead
Donna John : Thank you for sharing your story in order to help others. I'm so glad to hear that your hubby is ok. Thanks for shining a light on both the physical and the mental effects following a heart attack.
Meredith Schneider
Donna John thank you so much for sharing this. With the scare we had on Sunday I was a mess. I can't imagine how it would of been if he was in a worse condition. Sitting there waiting, wondering, thinking and crying. Like Ann Marie Gardinier Halstead said, thanks for sharing both sides of the effects. Love you! xoxoxoxo
Mindy Hudon, M.S., CCC-SLP
Thank you for sharing this Donna John How frightening this must have been!
Mike Prochaska
Wow that scary. Glad he ok
Roxane Goss
My husband wasn't lucky enough to survive his "widowmaker" heart attack. The entire situation wasn't handled properly and it was well over 1 1/2 hours before they even put a stint in. He passed after 2 days. It was one of the most traumatic situations I have ever survived myself. I am so glad that they are able to save more people that have them and I am so glad your husband survived Donna. What a valuable tip to share!
Donna John
I am so sorry, Roxane Goss. What a horrible thing to go through. Thank you for sharing your story with us, and one day may no one have to endure what you have. So glad you are part of our tribe. It's definitely a place you'll get support. Hope you consider contributing as well.
Roxane Goss
Thank you Donna John! That's my prayer and hope too! I created a profile and have submitted my first tip and I'm waiting for it to be approved now. I hope to offer tips on grief.
I too survived a widowmaker. July 5, 2017. Ended up having a double bypass. It went well and was released from the hospital 6 days later...only to return to the hospital very lethargic and in Afib/Aflutter. So another 5 days in ICU/CCU. My trauma didn't really start until I had been home for 5 days after the A-fib issue, I went back to the hospital for an emergency gallbladder removal. The doctors were concerned because my heart hadn't been in rythym for too long. However, there was no other option. The gall bladder had to come out as the probability of it bursting was far greater a risk. My anxiety has gone through the roof! Exactly 4 weeks After the gall bladder incident, I went in to have 2 stents put in each leg. What was supposed to be an outpatient procedure ended up being another 7 days in the CCU. My left leg hemmoraged and my blood pressure dropped to 60/40. Once again, my anxiety was off the charts.
After I recovered from all that, I entered my first 5K in my life at my 3 month bypass anniversery. It was great, won first place for my age group and it felt wonderful! Did a 2nd 5K in November and was proud of finishing that on as well. As November neared the end, one of my very observant doctors noticed a spot on my left foot. Turned out to be cancerous. Ugh. December 4th, I had a huge chunk taken from my foot. Recovery for that has been


text:
Social Science Methods
Social Science Methods is area, which is closely related to the Social Science Methodology and also to Surveys Research and Marketing Research. There are many different methods and techniques to conduct quantitative or qualitative survey.
Almost every program from field of Social Science includes also course of Social Science Methods, but programs, which are focused directly on Social Science Methods, are very rare. In these courses students have a lot of opportunities to conduct research and to develop skills in various methodologies. The courses train and encourage students to address issues of different social problems and situations that are surrounding us every day.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


10 free ways to boost your mobile signal
10 free ways to boost your mobile signal
Not able to make an urgent call due to poor mobile signal?
poor mobile signal
poor mobile signal
Big trees, hills, buildings, landscapes may cause interruption in mobile signal reaching directly to your mobile. In this topic, I am going to describe some of the unknown tips or technology hacks to boost your mobile signal without changing your service provider or mobile.
1: Go Near a Window or remove stuff that break Mobile Signal
Building walls are notorious for blocking signal path. You can go near a window and open it. Your mobile get direct mobile signal reception and you can make a urgent call or use your internet.
2: Get to a less-dense area for uninterrupted cellular signal
Have you ever experienced voice break or bad internet connection in celebrity rock concerts or at huge gatherings. Because a lot of people at the same time use mobile for calling or internet. So, the nearest tower gets a lot of load to process. You can move a mile to experience better signal strength as your mobile will access another cellular tower that has less load.
3: Get to top or upper area for direct mobile signal from tower
As you go higher and higher, there will be less interruption such as trees, walls, or buildings between your mobile and tower. Thus, you will get a better signal if you go to your terrace and try using your phone.
4: Avoid too many electronic appliances
A lot of electronic appliances such as microwave, radio or transistor, television, iPad, power lines, etc emit different types of waves or electromagnetic field that can interfere with your mobile signal. Hence, you can switch off them for a better mobile signal strength.
5: Charge your mobile or avoid battery status reaching critically low
When your mobile battery status reaches critically low, your smartphone try to limit the resources or save the resources. So, you get a poor connection. In that case, you can charge your mobile full to get heightened network strength.
6: Close unnecessary apps for stronger Mobile Signal
When there are a lot of apps run behind the screen, they eat a lot of resources. So, the capacity of your mobile processing is distributed among several apps. You can close the unnecessary apps to boost mobile signal.
7: Switch On/Off Airplane Mode
Sometimes, your cell phone sticks to one cellular tower even if that does not provide enough signal. In that case, go to Settings and Switch on Airplane Mode. Wait for 5 to 10 seconds. Then, switch on the Airplane Mode. Now your cell phone will find for the strongest cellular signal providing tower and access its signal. Thus, you will get better signal strength.
8: Call using WiFi Network
In some of the countries, network providers gives us the ability to make calls using our WiFi internet. So, you can search for those services to use them.
9: Watch your Antenna
If you have ever got a chance to see the mobiles in 1990s or early 2000s, you might have noticed a small antenna at top of mobile. But now all the modern mobile companies conceal their antenna within the Mobile itself. So, always try to make a call making the device upright. It will give you better mobile signal strength.
10: Use Signal Booster
If you stay in an apartment or in a building, where you have poor signal strength all the time, you can buy a Signal Booster device or Signal Repeater. That will fetch the outside signal and boost it within your room. Then, you can use your mobile for making calls or using internet.
In conclusion, you can try all the above tips for better performing mobiles. You can also refer 10 must know android tips and hacks for other important android tips or technology hacks.
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From multiple perspectives to shared understanding. A small group in an online learning environment.
In: Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, Vol. 52, No. 1: pp. 77-95
The aim of this study was to explore how learners operating in a small group reach shared understanding as they work out joint research questions and build a theoretical framework and to identify the resources and tools they used in the process. The learners' own interpretations of their group activities and learning were also taken into account. The data, consisting of group discussions and the documents produced by the group, were subjected to a qualitative content analysis. The group members employed a variety of resources and tools to exchange their individual perspectives and achieve shared understanding. Summaries of relevant literature laid a foundation for the group's theoretical discussions. Reflective comparisons between their book knowledge and their personal experiences of online interaction and collaboration were frequent, suggesting that such juxtapositions may have enhanced their learning by intertwining the content to be mastered and the activities entailed by this particular content.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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If an accident has occurred your priorities are as follows:
Always put personal safety first when an accident has occurred.
- Save people in immediate danger
- Warn others
- Raise the alarm. Call 112
- Extinguish fires or deal with emissions of substances, if it is possible to do so without taking unreasonable risks. In the event of a chemical spill, cordon off the affected area/corridor/lab.
- Evacuate the premises, close the doors, and direct people to the building's assembly point, which is always outdoors.
- Inform Chalmers on the emergency number - _PHONE_
Form a quick overview of the situation
112 (and Chalmers) will ask, among other things, for the following details:
- What is your name?
- Where are you calling from?
- What has happened?
- How many people are affected?
- Is anyone injured?
- Is anyone still in the affected area?
- Have you identified any specific hazards/risks?
Heart starters on campus
There are several automated external defibrillators (AED) across our campuses. These are listed in the Swedish heart starter register.
When help arrives
- Meet the fire & rescue service outside the entrance where the fire alarm panel is situated (which is often at the building's main entrance) if nothing else has been agreed on the phone. The fire & rescue service response time to Chalmers Johanneberg/Lindholmen is approximately 10–15 minutes.
- Lead them to the incident/accident site.
- When the fire & rescue service are on scene the Incident Commander will take control of the emergency response.
- It is the Incident Commander who makes the decision as to when there is no longer a risk involved in returning to the premises.


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Date: December 2009
Price: $7 (12 cents per LED)
LED Color: warm/soft white
LED Size: 5mm
LED Lens: dome
LED Count: 60 leds, 2 series strings of 30 leds each
Current limiting resistor: 2 for each string of 30 leds, 4 total, placed after the first led on either side of the string. 750 ohms each, 1500 ohms per 30-led series string.
Rectification: half wave using the LEDs as the rectification diode.
Bulb lead material: steel, subject to rust
Power: 4.8 watts
These are my favorite LEDs for hacking and experimenting. They're simple, they have extra resistors, they give off a nice warm white light and they're cheap at 12 cents per LED.
Putting the current limiting resistor after the first led instead of before seems to have been a bad idea. Which led do you figure burned out first?
The polarity of each string is 30 is reversed, so the first 30 light on one half of the AC sine wave and the second 30 light on the second half.
As you can see in the oscilloscope reading voltage across one of the LEDs, this is a half-wave set. It only uses one half of the AC sine wave. I don't like the reverse voltage I'm seeing at the end of the half wave. That means the LEDs are breaking down and allowing current to flow in the wrong direction. Almost no current is flowing then but over time it could still damage the LEDs and burn them out. Other than that they look fine. Note that the typical reading was 3.3 volts rather than 3.0.
Note how the time that voltage flows over the resistor (right picture) peaking at 30 volts is much shorter than the AC half-wave visible across the LED. You'll only see a voltage drop across the resistor when a non-trivial amount of current is flowing through the circuit. In essence, as the sine wave rises it applies to the LEDs first. Once they have enough juice to light up, the resistor clips the top part of the sine wave so that the LEDs don't get too much current.
There are two resistors in each series string, so the other resistor drops a similar amount of voltage. Unlike most of the other sets I tested, the resistors are only mildly warm to the touch.


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Every year, the U.S. produces about 34 million tons of food waste, according to the Environmental Protection Agency. But are local businesses in Boulder, a county that has the goal of producing "zero waste — or darn near" by 2025, really taking the steps needed to achieve this by 2025?
Not all of them are, according to Boulder Food Not Bombs (FNB) coordinators Hana Dansky and Caleb Phillips.
Food Not Bombs (_URL_) is a national and international grassroots movement that was founded by anti-nuclear activists in Cambridge, Mass. Since its creation in 1980, FNB groups have worked to end hunger across the world.
The Boulder chapter of FNB has waxed and waned in activity, but it recently gained momentum in mid-February when Dansky and Phillips began hosting dinner parties for the hungry.
"She [Dansky] started having these dinner parties and fed them food that we had rescued from area Dumpsters," says Phillips. "We were teaching them that there is all of this food that was going to waste that you could eat."
Dansky and Phillips figured out which local businesses threw away excess food each evening just by glancing in their Dumpsters each week. Unsettled by the amount of food that was being thrown away, the two began rescuing it, washing it multiple times with soap and water, then preparing it and serving it to the hungry at their dinner parties.
The dinner parties grew in size until Dansky and Phillips decided to recreate a chapter of FNB in Boulder and organize public feeds at the band shell in Boulder's Central Park. The FNB coordinators went around to businesses that they knew were throwing out food and asked them to save their leftover produce, pastries and bagels so that one of them could pick them up.
"We're an all-vegetarian organization and mostly vegan," explains Dansky. "Part of that is for ethical issues and part of that is for health issues — we don't want to get anyone sick."
If a business agreed to donate its leftovers, Dansky or Phillips would pick them up on the evening before a meal. The two also spent the evening before each meal Dumpster-diving at those businesses that wouldn't save and donate their excess food to FNB for one reason or another.
Unfortunately, digging through Dumpsters to rescue food isn't a thing of the past for Dansky and Phillips. Many Boulder businesses are still turning them down when it comes to saving their leftover food for the hungry.
"In '94 under the Good Samaritan Act, part of that was that unless it's a case of utter neglect, you won't get sued for donating food," says Dansky.
Although she isn't quite sure why some businesses won't donate their excess food, Dansky thinks they might be hesitant because they don't want to go through the extra work of setting the food aside to save it for donation.
Like Dansky, Phillips isn't sure why many businesses won't donate their food, but he thinks it could have to do with concerns about hurting their brand.
"Maybe they think having stale baguettes with the brand name on them would be harmful to them in some way, or perhaps they don't want their brand associated with homelessness and hunger," says Phillips. "Certainly there's no legal reason why they couldn't do it, so I could only assume it's a marketing reason, but I'm not in a position to say."
Phillips says they have asked Whole Foods and Alfalfa's Market to donate their excess produce in the past, but both said they were unable to do so. Whole Foods told Phillips and Dansky that "it was hard to do because we have to get a lot of people on board," and so FNB was added to a list of groups to work with in the future, says Phillips.
Mara Maxwell, a marketing director for Whole Foods, says the store is considering working with FNB.
"Alfalfa's says they donate their food to Community Food Share or Emergency Family Assistance," says Phillips. "I can tell it's not all of their food, though, by just taking a peek in their compactor and seeing how much food they throw away."
Alfalfa's manager Mike Jackman says they donate packaged food to Community Food Share Monday through Friday, with a little produce.
"They [CFS] distribute to a lot of organizations," says Jackman. "So when we partner with them, we can help a larger group of people than we could do on our own."
Jackman says that CFS doesn't have the resources to pick up food donations each weekend, so Alfalfa's donates that produce to the Emergency Family Assistance Association (EFAA), which uses the leftovers to prepare meals.
Jackman said that although the store already donates its food to CFS and EFAA right now, it doesn't mean Alfalfa's might not give its leftovers to other organizations in the future.
When summer began, FNB started working with Friends Encouraging Eating Daily (FEED), another local organization that feeds the hungry. FEED is led by Chris Mitchell, manager of operations for Boulder Outreach for Homeless Overflow (BOHO), says Phillips. Since BOHO usually helps feed the homeless during the winter months, FEED takes over during the summer, says Phillips.
Earlier in the year, FNB would distribute its food on Sunday afternoons, but since many churches provide free food to the hungry on Sundays, FNB started distributing its meals with FEED on Saturdays at noon, Phillips says. FNB and FEED volunteers distribute meals to about 80 people every weekend on the south side of Boulder Creek, near the Boulder Public Library, Dansky says.
As of now, FNB prepares meals using leftovers that employees at Espresso Roma, Saxy's Café, and Illegal Pete's put aside for donation. Local Share, an online marketplace where people can advertise what they're looking for and gift, loan, rent or sell items to the community, is also in the process figuring out how to work with FNB. Phillips says that it's usually easier to get employees to put food aside for FNB because sometimes managers are worried about liability and brand image.
Anna Nord, an Illegal Pete's employee, says that she got involved with FNB when a friend who had previously been apart of the Boulder chapter put her in touch with Dansky. On Saturday nights, Nord would bring home leftover rice and vegetables from Illegal Pete's, then go over to Dansky's the next morning to cook the food before they distributed it.
Nord says that she thinks employees at local businesses, grocery stores and farms should get involved in FNB.
"They [employees] should be concerned with food that's wasted and perfectly good but is slightly damaged and could still feed people," says Nord.
Nord argues that slightly bruised produce could be donated to FNB, which would in turn use the healthy part of the produce to create meals for the hungry.
"I think people should be more engaged in helping out not only the homeless, but there are also a lot of low-income families who need food," Nord says. "It's a waste of energy to throw away perfectly good food when it could be retransformed into a meal for somebody."
Phillips says that in the future, FNB hopes to be the "short-term middle man" that will help distribute healthier food, such as produce, to local homeless shelters.
"There's Community Food Share, and they get a bunch of food but can't deal with perishables. They don't have the ability to get fresh fruits and vegetables unless it's a mass amount, so shelters aren't getting the nutritious and healthy foods," explains Phillips.
Aside from wanting to feed as many of the hungry as possible and getting more businesses to donate leftovers, Dansky says the Boulder FNB chapter also hopes to make it more sustainable.
"We're just trying to build something that's more sustainable in Boulder, and taking the food that's going to waste to feed our homeless," Dansky says. "We're trying to raise awareness about food waste while still using food that's being thrown out."


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NBFC vs Bank
In a country like India with a huge population, it is impossible for banks to cater to all sections of the society as many areas are inaccessible and remote. Also, to provide banking facilities to the illiterate and the poor, finance institutions that work on similar lines as banks are required. In India, this requirement has traditionally been fulfilled by NBFC, or non banking financial company. As the name suggests, NBFC is not a bank though it performs many functions similar to that of banks. This article intends to find out the major differences between NBFC and banks and other features of these entities.
NBFC were created by the government of India as it felt the need to provide banking facilities to the poor and underprivileged who could not get access to banks. NBFC is required to be registered under the Companies Act 1956 to be able to perform functions similar to a bank. Normally, a NBFC is engaged in the business of loans and advances, acquisition of shares, debentures, stocks, bonds and securities issued by the government. It also indulges in hire-purchase, leasing, insurance and chit business.
However, there are several notable differences between NBFC and a bank.
1. NBFC cannot collect deposits in the manner of a bank
2. NBFC cannot issue checks drawn on itself
3. NBFC cannot issue Demand Drafts like banks
4. NBFC cannot indulge primarily in agricultural or industrial activity
5. NBFC cannot engage in construction of immovable property
6. NBFC cannot accept demand deposits
7. While banks are incorporated under banking companies act, NBFC is incorporated under company act of 1956
NBFC is required to register with Reserve Bank of India. There are many types of NBFC registered with RBI.
Equipment leasing company
Apart from these NBFC, there are many other residuary types of companies that are also classified as NBFC under the company act.
- NBFC stands for non banking financial company that was created by the government of India under the Company Act 1956 to provide access to poor sections of the society to banking facilities.
- Though NBFC performs many of the functions of a bank, there are many differences.
- NBFC cannot accept money deposits in the manner of banks
- NBFC cannot issue checks drawn on itself.


Varieties, Cultivars, Clones–oh, my!
Botanical illustration: Camellia sinensis
Botanical illustration: Camellia sinensis
Genus: Camellia
Species: sinensis
Variety: sinensis or assamica
Another quick summary then:
Variety (n.) a particular type of plant
Varietal (adj.) of or about a variety
Tea Cultivar Comparisons
Tea Cultivar Comparisons
So there you go. Aren't you glad you asked?
23 thoughts on "Varieties, Cultivars, Clones–oh, my!"
 1. A certain amount of mocking is necessary, surely?
 That aside, a well-researched and enjoyable read, and if you could force people to read it, understand it and implement your detailed and specific instructions then you would have contributed much to the cause of humanity.
 Of course, they won't. Proof of this is the fact that the word 'methodology" which means 'a study of methods' is misused approximately 100% of the time you see it. And no-one has ever thanked me for correcting them.
 Michael, you come from a country where the (previous) President is unaware of the word "detention' ("detainment' FFS?) and I recently personally heard some gems like 'de-plane' and 'de-train' (it's 'disembark, you morons) and – wait for it – "sunsetted'. Oh yes, indeed.
 So you need to consider this : are you wasting your time, when the majority of your audience comes from a country where people are happy to say "pre-onboarding".
 I'm with you – yes, I too used to get beaten up at school for correcting people's grammar. (Usually the teachers).
 But trying to correct the vast majority of people out there is futile.
 You've only got to count the amount of "Chai tea" available at any supermarket to prove this.
 2. Mahalo for the explanation. I know this is a subject that even researchers at the University of Hawaii College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources have trouble understanding. Even among the cultivars there are many varieties. When they do variety trials all the varieties get mixed up from seed, which is why once you find the exact variety that you want you have to take clones. The most important thing for a grower is that they promote the growth of the right varieties for their terroir. This is why they discourage the importing of seeds from China and Japan, try to find tea cuttings from a local source.
 There is one major advantage of growing from seed, it has a very strong root system and is younger in age so it can have more productive yields. Farmers must find the balance.
 3. Wow, I am so excited you have written a new post. I admit I haven't it yet but I will tonight. The blog post requires no distraction from children, TV, Text, E-Mails, and more. Now to decide which tea to drink while I read this new post.
 4. Great write-up, Michael.
 You were the first one that brought the word "cultivar" to my attention. Since then, not sure how, "varietal" entered my lexicon…and I used it interchangeably with cultivar. While – technically – cultivar and vari"tea" combined into "cultivated variety" might be looked upon as a redundancy…it's good to further justify the use of both in their correct contexts.
 Cultivar = HYOOOMIN involvement; variety = Nature; Jat = Weird Indian word.
 So…who wants to break it to the wine folks that they're using "varietal" wrong?
 5. Excellent post; I would add in though that tea encompasses a wide variety of differences: there are shrubs, semi-arboreal trees and tall, arboreal trees. Cultivars can include large leaf, small leaf types; early growth, late growth varieties, etc. Then there are wild, semi-wild, cultivated, old-growth varieties. All of these make up for the wide variety and complexity that is tea — which, along with the tea maker's skill, makes up for the myriad flavor and aroma profiles in your cup.
 6. Why yes, as a matter of fact, I am glad I asked.
 I like the way you cover something this complex without being condescending about it. This is the kind of article that I'll direct other people to without worrying about scaring them off.
 My only regret is that I read it late at night when my brain is fuzzy and I don't want to caffeinate it. I think I'll re-read this tomorrow. Perhaps I'll have a cup of "chai tea" with it — just to annoy Robert.
 7. Thank you!!! Makes so much more sense now. And yes, I was totally using the term varietal incorrectly. I need to read this at least two or three more times to get it through my head. Now….what topic to beg you to write about next???
 8. Great read Michael, thanks for sorting out this kind of info for the rest of us! I've learned lots of things I didn't know before.
 9. Gary, I'm in favor of annoying Robert, but I'm afraid "chai tea" annoys me as well. 🙂 The bit that won't stick in my head, though, is whether the proper Hindi grammar puts the "masala" before or after the "chai."
 Thanks for the article request, too, and I'm glad you like the result!
 10. So if you are using "variety" to refer to the assamica vs. sinensis level, we should have no opportunity to (mis)use the word "varietal," given that we non-scientists are always talking about characteristics at the cultivar level. "Cultivarietal," anyone? "Cultivarial?"
 I'm happy to accept "variety" as akin to "cultivar." I prefer "subspecies" at the upper level, and I imagine there are subordinate groups with traits that have been naturally and not artificially selected, for which "cultivar" would be inappropriate. But let me finish reading the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants ( and get back to you.
 11. I agree about the applied simplicity with humility. Thank you, I have over 30 years drifted from being an enthusiastic tea afficianado to being a tea merchant; and now to being a nivice farmer. So you helped clear up confusion for me. I have the added baggage of having majored in English and I discerned that "varietal" was being abused but could not quite tell why. I will not correct others but this will help me correct myself and when others need teaching I will refer them to this article.
 Jat was the one term I was currently searching out, by the way. It was thrown at me once as jargon as if "all growers know that term" so I just kept quiet! So, "jat back at ya." This article will be a lexicological workhorse for me until I get it down, a jat of its own kind.
 12. Many thanks for a well written and precise discussion of tea nomenclature. In the spirit of of geekiness, I would like to add a few words about important benefits of using seedlings in a new tea growing regions (there are reasons why growing a clonal crop in Japan is a whole different kettle of fish than a monoclonal crop in Hawai'i but that is a different discussion).
 I am a molecular ecologist and study the question of genetic diversity and its impact on the sustainability of populations and their evolution in new environments. I also own a tea farm (Big Island Tea) in Hawai'i with my Sweetie Eliah.
 When a population (smaller than a variety and usually not clonal) establishes in a new environment, its greatest chance of success as a whole comes from a diverse "gene pool" (what we really mean when we say that is a diverse "allele pool"). That is to say, a genetically diverse population is most likely to have individuals whose genotypes have pre-adapted them for their new environment. In a remote place like Hawai'i that has never supported a commercial tea industry, establishing a new crop is best approached with rich genetic diversity. In addition to optimizing the adaptive potential of the crop to its new environment, we also maximize the resistance of the new population to exploitation by pests. The more genetically homogenous the population, the faster a pest can expand its population size at both the population (individual gardens) and meta-population (Island) levels. In summary, there are several benefits to growing seedlings in addition to their tap root including pest resistance (population and meta-population levels), and adaptability. The importance of diversity in fact transcends the tea itself when it comes to its cultivation. We are promoting the "agro-ecological" approach in which the farm is designed so that tea is one of the constituents of a diverse forest ecosystem … I hope I didn't geek out too much. Aloha
 13. Fascinating! And by far the best explanation of tea plant variety (not varietals 😉 ) and cultivars I've read.
 But I wonder if we (as tea fans) can't also use the word 'varietal' in the same sense as it's used in the wine world: to refer to the final


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With its slender silhouette and large, hanging leaves the banana resembles a tree. However, it is actually a giant grass whose only perennial part is an underground stem (rhizome). Originating from South-East Asia, the banana is now found in tropical regions throughout the world. There are several varieties grown for their fruit, the banana, which is eaten green or ripe. In traditional medicine, green banana is used externally for its healing properties.Organic green banana extract, cultivated in the Dominican Republic, is a Clarins exclusive active ingredient
which encourages the synthesis of collagen and the healthy organisation of dermal structure.


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Stickmen's Guides To How Things Work: Trains And Automobiles
1 in stock
In Trains and Automobiles, find out about the combustion engine and electric and solar power, how Formula 1 racing cars stay on the road, how high-speed diesel, electric and 'magnetic levitation' trains zoom along, and more.
-Fun learning, with the Stickmen as your guide.
-Easy-to-understand cut-away illustrations explaining how things work.
-Packed with facts to engage curious minds.
-Essential reading for those who want to explore how things work.


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Defines size, enumerators, and synchronization methods for all nongeneric collections.
Assembly: mscorlib (in mscorlib.dll)
Thetype exposes the following members.
|AsParallel||Enables parallelization of a query. (Defined by ParallelEnumerable.)|
|AsQueryable||Converts an IEnumerable to an IQueryable. (Defined by Queryable.)|
|Cast||Casts the elements of an IEnumerable to the specified type. (Defined by Enumerable.)|
|OfType||Filters the elements of an IEnumerable based on a specified type. (Defined by Enumerable.)|
The interface is the base interface for classes in the System.Collections namespace.
The interface extends IEnumerable; IDictionary and IList are more specialized interfaces that extend. An IDictionary implementation is a collection of key/value pairs, like the Hashtable class. An IList implementation is a collection of values and its members can be accessed by index, like the ArrayList class.
For the generic version of this interface, see System.Collections.Generic.ICollection.
Windows 7, Windows Vista SP1 or later, Windows XP SP3, Windows XP SP2 x64 Edition, Windows Server 2008 (Server Core not supported), Windows Server 2008 R2 (Server Core supported with SP1 or later), Windows Server 2003 SP2
The.NET Framework does not support all versions of every platform. For a list of the supported versions, see.NET Framework System Requirements.


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- Toothpick or large, blunt needle
- Clear gloss enamel or nail polish
- Have your child roll small pieces of playdough into balls to make beads.
- Pierce each bead with a toothpick or large blunt needle and allow to dry for several days.
- Check holes after a day to see if they need repunching.
- When dry, coat with clear gloss enamel or nail polish to bring out the color.
- Thread beads onto a string and knot the ends together to create a necklace or bracelet.
More on: Activities for Preschoolers
Copyright © 1998 by Patricia Kuffner. Excerpted from The Preschooler's Busy Book with permission of its publisher, Meadowbrook Press.
To order this book visit Meadowbrook Press.


Bonsai Basics: LIGHT
Light is the third leg of the triumvirate that keeps every bonsai tree and actually every plant, alive - along with water and oxygen. Sunlight for Bonsai
Every plant needs light. Some need more than others and how much depends on how - and where - that particular tree grows naturally. Bonsai that naturally thrive in full sun like mini jades, bougainvillea and many other flowering bonsai, need more light than more shade tolerant varieties like ficus and schefflera.
Variegated leaves and leaves with a fuzzy or waxy coating are often indicators of a need for more light than others of their kind. So a variegated Serissa is happy with more light than its solid green sibling.
Most bonsai that are grown indoors require as much light as you can give them, without keeping them so close to a southern or western window that they will burn if you don't keep an eye on them. That happens because the window will act as a magnifying glass, greatly intensifying the light. Plants are most vulnerable to this burn when you first move them to a window position or even as the seasons change. As the sun climbs higher in the sky the light becomes stronger, so come March and April watch your trees for signs of yellowed, burnt looking or dried out leaves.
You can also look for signs that there isn't enough light. The most obvious and first to show will be "leggy growth", which means that there is too much space on the stems between the sets of leaves. Your tree will look like it's reaching for the sun and if the growth is not only leggy but also noticeably stretching in one direction and that direction happens to be towards the window, it is not getting enough light but you also need to turn it around regularly to evenly distribute the light it receives.
First, please understand, there is really no such thing as an indoor bonsai or indoor plants. Every plant, every bonsai, is naturally supposed to grow outside. An Indoor bonsai is usually a tree that will not survive our colder winters but will tolerate the lowered light and drier air inside our homes over the winter.
As the weather warms up, moving your trees outside is about the best thing you can do for their long term health and the easiest way for you to burn them. Trust me on this one, I've burnt quite a few myself.
When you first put your plants outside - put them in the shade. Don't let any direct light hit them for a few days. Then let them get about 30 minutes of (preferably) early morning sun - for about a week. Watch the leaves for any signs of burning. After about a week you can give them more morning sun until they take full morning sun, maybe even midday depending on the tree.
A few will take mid-afternoon and early evening sun in the summer, but it really isn't necessary.
They will need more water once you bring them outside and at summer's end, well before any signs of frost, move them back into full shade to mitigate the shock of coming back inside.
Most bonsai will benefit from artificial grow lights. Here's a good article about choosing indoor lighting:


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Nikolaj Frederik Severin Grundtvig (September 8, 1783 – September 2, 1872) (Danish pronunciation: [ˈneɡolaɪ̯ˀ ˈfʁæˀðʁæɡ ˈsɛʋəʁin ˈɡʁɔndʋi]), most often referred to as simply N. F. S. Grundtvig, was a Danish pastor, author, poet, philosopher, historian, teacher, and politician. He was one of the most influential people in Danish history, as his philosophy gave rise to a new form of nationalism in the last half of the 19th century. He was married three times, the last time in his seventy-sixth year.
Grundtvig and his followers are credited with being very influential in the formulation of modern Danish national consciousness. It was steeped in the national literature and supported by deep spirituality.
Called Fr… Go to person page >


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|Uploaded:||February 26, 2009|
|Updated:||July 13, 2010|
For my next tutorial I will be showing you how to draw a cartoon beaver step by step. I love animals, and the beaver just happens to be one of my favorite wildlife animals that exist. Now even though the beaver is a favorite of mine, I am actually submitting this lesson because a member who requested a beaver as a tutorial. Instead of doing a drawing on a real life looking beaver, I thought it would be fun to show you how to draw a cartoon version of this wood chopping animal. There is an age old question that is asked by many kids and adults. And that question was once asked by me as well. What is this mind boggling brain tease? Well, did you ever wonder if beavers eat wood? I mean if you think about it, the beavers that I was used to seeing were on T.V. and these animated beavers cooked wood, ate wood, and even used wood to make these humongous dames that they are usually associated with. About two years ago I did a little research of my own to find out if any of these myths were true, and here is what I found out. First off beavers are cousins to rats, mice, porcupines, and squirrels which means that they are a part of the rodent family. They live in ponds, rivers, lakes, streams and even marshes and they spend most of there time in the water due to the fact that they have short legs and webbed feet. Because of their body build, they cannot move well on solid ground making them vulnerable to land predators. Do they really eat wood? The answer to that question is yes! Beavers love eating bark and leaves with their favorite tree being the aspen. They have also been known to eat birch, alder, willow, and mountain maples. To answer your other question, yes they do build dams and lodges with the left over trees that they do not consume. Anyways no matter how you look at it, the beaver is a wonderfully pleasant animal that is fun to draw and color. You will learn "how to draw a beaver", step by step with easy to read instructions and simple to follow steps. I will be back in a while with more drawing fun so stay tuned and keep a look out for what comes out next. Peace out!


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In this paper, a systematic group contribution based framework is presented for synthesis of process flowsheets from a given set of input and output specifications. Analogous to the group contribution methods developed for molecular design, the framework employs process groups to represent different unit operations in the system. Feasible flowsheet configurations are generated using efficient combinatorial algorithms and the performance of each candidate flowsheet is evaluated using a set of flowsheet properties. A systematic notation system called SFILES is used to store the structural information of each flowsheet to minimize the computational load and information storage. The design variables for the selected flowsheet(s) are identified through a reverse simulation approach and are used as initial estimates for rigorous simulation to verify the feasibility and performance of the design.
Computer-aided Chemical Engineering, 2011, p. 321-325
Process group contribution; Flowsheet synthesis/design; Reverse simulation
Main Research Area:
Computer - Aided Chemical Engineering
21st European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering, 2011


Designing Purposeful Organizations in a rapidly changing world in 7 weeks
We live in a world that is evolving rapidly. Employers are already recruiting for jobs that will require skills that are not yet
known to them, let alone to those working in education to prepare their future workforce. In this workshop, we will examine a simple
but robust framework for understanding the changes and challenges we face. We will also examine how the United Nations
Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs) can be used to inform strategic scenario planning and how organizations are able to align
everything they do to an inspiring purpose that supports the needs of humanity and the world we inhabit.
 1. Take and apply a framework for purposeful alignment
 2. Use the UN SDGs in scenario planning
 3. Explain the role of leadership in changing the world
 4. Create the conditions for success in any venture: purpose; vision; engagement; structure; character; results; success and human talent


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The high court dismissed the Philip Morris appeal without issuing an opinion, ending the third appeal the company had secured before the Supreme Court in its fight to reign in an award by an Oregon jury."Awright, class," as my ninth grade science teacher, Papi Castro, used to say in his mellifluous Bronx accent, "get dis, and geddit good": a "rein" is a leather strap used to control a horse's movement, and to "rein in" means to check or control something; to "reign" (the "g" is pronounced like that in "gnu") is to possess sovereign power, as a monarch. So, when Philip Morris petitioned the Supreme Court to limit a jury award, it sought to rein, not reign, it in.
I've often seen "reign" used where its homonym, "rein", is intended. This is likely because, in one sense, the words are near synonyms. Used as a verb, "rein" means to control; to "reign" is also to exercise control. One expression in which "reign" shows up frequently is "to give [or allow] free reign [sic]." In this instance, "rein" and "reign" mean almost opposite things, since a rider who gives "free rein" is allowing the horse to proceed at its own chosen speed rather than exercising control, while a monarch with "free reign" would, I suppose, have absolute power. So, it's "free rein" not "free reign". Geddit?
Update: twif offers the following: "claude, this is what happens when you replace copy editors with word's spell check function." An astute observation, indeed. Still, it helps to have writers who know the meanings of the words they use.
P.S. for twif: the kid looks great.


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Frequently Asked Questions
Why a tricycle?
Tricycles are especially well suited for cargo transport in tough city conditions (at least in our opinion!) for a few reasons:
- The inherent stability of three wheels allows you to get within a fraction of an inch of stuck traffic, going as slow as you want or as fast as you dare, either loaded or empty, straight or through turns, over rough streets, trolley tracks, ice, snow, slush, or any combination thereof.
- Our trikes are designed for the sharpest turns possible in city streets; they turn sharper than a long two wheel cargo bike with an equivalent sized box, and much more accurately than a bike trailer.
- Haleys, like all tricycles, don't need to be balanced or pushed hard at takeoff, so you can move a heavy load easier by starting slow and adding speed one pedal stroke at a time.
- Tricycles aren't responsive to the rider's leaning like two-wheeled cargo systems, but this is ideal when moving cargo that's your weight or more as it won't push you around either. Wide, sideways loads (couches, for example) won't dip their edge to the ground and catch, but move and turn predictably. Cargo weight shifts are not nearly as noticeable.
- Once inside a building or on a sidewalk, a tricycle is easy and safe to push while walking besides, so you can get where you're going without awkwardness, or breaking rules.
- You can relax when stopped, not using energy to keep your cargo upright at a red light, and there's no kickstand to lift your new refrigerator up onto when you're home, just a parking brake.
Why two front wheels?
- Tadpole trikes (two front wheels) are simpler and easier to maintain than delta (two rear wheel trikes). There's no special running gear: They're basically regular bikes from the pedals back.
- You can keep an eye on your cargo better.
- It's easier to see if you'll fit between two obstacles without looking behind you while moving forward.
- Front load trikes are more likely to be seen as work vehicles of some type, from their long history as ice cream trikes.
How does it turn? Is it easy to steer?
Haleys turn by rotating the whole cargo box around a pivot in the center of the front wheels. The rider controls the direction by turning the cargo where she wants to go and following behind. The box will rotate easily no matter how much weight is being moved.
Haleys, like almost all tricycles (and very much unlike bicycles), don't lean when you turn, and don't turn when you lean. Most people haven't pedaled a tricycle since they were children, but it only takes a few minutes for most people to remember how to ride one, and about a week for almost anyone to be completely comfortable. Haleys are designed for the sharpest turns possible and absolutely no side steer while pedaling. This lets you track perfectly straight, right up against an obstacle, and then confidently steer around another. In return, Haleys very unapologetically steer like tricycles.
Is the trike stable at high speeds?
Yes, Haley Trikes are very stable, although moving faster than 26 miles an hour (downhill, probably!) isn't recommended, because stopping distance increases and object avoidance decreases. The tricycle will not shake no matter how fast you go. As with any vehicle with any number of wheels, you must slow down for sharp turns.
Is it easy to assemble?
The tricycle is shipped in two parts, easily bolted together with common tools. Anyone with some bicycle work experience can be riding their tricycle about an hour after they receive it. No special tools are required to do any work on a Haley Tricycle.
How do people respond to a Haley Trike on the street?
You get compliments, even from taxi drivers. Seriously.
A lot of products are promoted as making everyone around them smile. Almost always, this is an exaggeration, but that's not the case with a Haley Trike. After a while, your trike will be a normal, everyday way to move your stuff around. The smiles and comments from everyone else won't stop, though, and until cargo trikes once again become common in the US, you'll have to get used to living in a real-life TV commercial. It's fun most of the time, but sometimes you just want to move a table saw across town, and not have a conversation about it.
The attention has great benefits, though. Drivers are much kinder to cargo trikes, and will let you roll across their path more often and give you more space when they pass. People come up with the same jokes and ideas, but they're almost always positive, even if they're not funny anymore. And once in a while, an older person will tell you about the cargo trikes that used to be in their neighborhood, or the adventures that they had with theirs.
How does the trike handle in ice and snow?
Riding on slick winter streets is fun on a Haley when it's impossible on a bicycle. On packed city snow and slush, or even pure ice, a Haley is absolutely the best. You can ride with confidence knowing the tricycle won't slide out from under you. Steering is not effected at all; a loaded Haley will steer just as accurately between cars, with just fractions of an inch to spare, on slippery, wet ice as well as it does on hot summer streets. You obviously need more distance to stop.
If the streets are snowy but driven on already, you can usually fit one front wheel and the rear into one smooth, pressed-snow car track. This leaves just one front wheel to plow through the fluffier snow outside the track; again, steering is hardly effected.
If the streets are covered in fresh snow, rolling resistance is higher than a bicycle as all three wheels make their own track. Several inches of fluffy snow is fun, but a cross country skiing kind of fun. In some sections of a city block you might have to get off and push the trike through. In urban areas, though, snow doesn't stay fluffy and clean for long, and the uglier the conditions get, the better for tricycles.
Also, during a major winter storm, any driver seeing you on a cargo trike thinks you're either crazy or fantastic, and lets you ride straight down the middle of the street at a slow pace, and wait patiently until they can pass.
Is the box removable? Can a Haley be made as a flatbed? Can I build my own box?
No, no, and not usually! The box is fixed to the frame, which is essentially a welded steel cube for maximum strength. Panels attached to the frame simply to keep your stuff from falling out. Because we use large 26" front wheels, a flatbed would be more limiting than simply carrying furniture or other large items over the wheels. We have made empty cube 'ghost frame' trikes for special uses, but it's actually more expensive once you consider the design and construction of your box. Plus, we like to think the box is the best part of a Haley!


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kan migrants to Canada. As with most immigrants, Akan people in Canada retain their links to home, especially to their abusua. Since neolocal residence is part of their original matrilineal social structure, they look like they have assimilated, and adopted the mainstream Canadian model of neolocal residence.
As increasing numbers of immigrants come from societies with different structures and functions than mainstream Canada, our society is becoming increasingly heterogeneous. Students now contemplating professional careers, for which they are now studying criminology, social work, early childhood education, and any other which may require interventions or communications with people from many cultures, it is useful to look at the Akan system for an idea of just how different a family pattern may be while sometimes appearing to be more similar than it is.
If you copy text from this site, please acknowledge the author(s)


January 12, 2017 by Daniel P. Clark
Re: What is the splat operator doing here?
I've received an email from a fellow software developer inquiring about a bit of code where I use Ruby's splat operator in two different ways. In my Ruby gem cards_lib I wrote a "macro" to take a list of strings and generate card instances from them. You don't really hear of macros in the Ruby community but by the definition this is just that.
A macro (short for "macroinstruction", from Greek μακρός 'long') in computer science is a rule or pattern that specifies how a certain input sequence (often a sequence of characters) should be mapped to a replacement output sequence (also often a sequence of characters) according to a defined procedure.
Wikipedia: Macro (computer science)
The macro I designed is this:
Now the splat operator works in two different ways. One is for consuming all parameters in as one array variable, and the other is to consume all entries out of one array as parameters.
Splat in a Method Definition
Let look at the first situation "consuming all parameters in as one array". Whether you use a proc/lamda or a method the behavior will be the same. No matter how many parameters given will be evaluated as on inner variable as an array of each of the parameters.
The splat operator as a parameter definition will consume any input into one array.
Splat in a Method Call
Using splat in a method call is a bit like unwrapping one layer from an array. It's the same as saying you want to take all of the individual entries in the array and pass them off as individual parameters to the method.
So as you can see the splat parameter is a way of wrapping or unwrapping an array as one or many parameters.
Going Through the Macro
The first thing this lambda Proc does is take all parameters in as an Array.
If we had the collection as an array beforehand we'd splat it in and get the same results.
Now that we have any quantity of cards provided as an array we'll map them into Card objects. Let's look at the map part.
This will replace all the string representations of a card and return a Card object for each.
Just so you know; the Card object is defined elsewhere and can take two parameters:
Now the mapping process takes in each entry from c and the splat operator on *opts wraps that entry in an array. So if the first item is a string such as "Ah" it will now be ["Ah"]. Now that we have a guaranteed array we can call the flatten method with absolute confidence that we wont get a missing method error (and flatten is needed if arrays are given since the incoming splat operator will double the array depth). Now since the Card object can take two individual parameters we need to use the splat operator again to "unwrap" the array as parameters to the new method.
Now to make clear the WHY behind doing all this. As you can see from the class Card definition you can define your own ranker object on a card. With the above macro you could pass in the following.
And each Card object would be built successfully with a different internal ranker given as a parameter. This way the mapper in this macro doesn't care if you give it a string for a card, or an array of parameters, it will be flattened and then splatted out just the same to Card.new. So the macro accepts a simple list, or a complex one for Card generation.
Style Notes
When using lambdas or procs I tend to hear a preference towards using.call or.() in providing clarity for when a Proc being called rather than using the [] method which is the same thing but can be confused as a hash. For the sake of teaching in this post I used.call, but for me personally since a macro isn't a common term thrown around the Ruby community I like to use the square brackets for this and think of it as "macro syntax". So making five cards would simply be Cards[ "Ah", "2h", "3h", "4h", "5h" ]. So when you examine the code for CardsLib you may find it helpful to keep that in mind.
The splat operator is super helpful but it can only be used in a method definitions or in method calls. If you try to use the splat operator inside of string interpolation it won't work for unwrapping an array as it did in method calls. So it has a good use case, but a limited one.
If you haven't checked out my gem CardsLib I highly recommend that you do. I boast of it as "The 'smartest' object oriented card game library". It has many efficient and helpful ways of creating and evaluating cards, and collections of cards, and their worth. It may just be helpful enough in making your favorite card games an easy program to make.
God Bless!
-Daniel P. Clark
Image by Jesse Kruger via the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 2.0 Generic License
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4 years ago
Nice explanation with a good example.
Daniel P. Clark
4 years ago
Reply to jfnixon


Thursday, November 29, 2007
My previous rant was in response the frustration that built up while I was reading various standards documents and also using some ACE code [1]. In the interests of simplicity, however I should have just quoted Stephen Dewhurst from his book C++ Common Knowledge:
It's surprising how much of advanced object-oriented programming is basic common sense surrounded by impenetrable syntax.
[1] Pop quiz: An ACE_Map_Manager does not "manage" maps, it is a map. A map is a useful container for data. There are a couple of ways to describe the function it provides:
As a map: Given a key, map that into a corresponding value.
As a dictionary: Given a word, provide a definition.
As an associative array: Given an index of arbitrary type, return the associated value.
These points of view are equivalent (although the dictionary view implies that keys and values are text which is too restrictive). They describe useful ways to think about ACE_Map as a tool for solving a real programming problems. In each case there are two interesting values: The key (or word, or index), and the associated value (or definition).
In ACE, these are called int_id and ext_id (not necessarily in that order).
Question: Which one is the key and which one is the value?
Hint: int stands for internal (not the C++ data type int); and ext stands for external.
So int_id must be the data that is stored inside the map and ext_id is name the external world uses to get to that data.
No, now that I think of it int_id is the name used internally to identify the data and ext_id is the data that is of interest to the external world.
Answer: I have no idea. I have to look it up (in the code because the documentation doesn't help!) every time I use an ACE_Map or else find some existing code that uses it and copy/paste it into the code I am writing.
Extra Credit Question: ACE has been around well over ten years now and is used in thousands of applications. How many programmer-years have been wasted trying to remember which "id" is which?
1 comment:
Eric Burke said...
Not as many programmer years as we've wasted dealing with CRLF versus LF. I guess the names "key" and "value" were taken.


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CollectA - Green Anaconda
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CollectA Green Anaconda
Measuring approx 8.6cm x 8.4cm
Fun Fact: They seem rather slow and sluggish when traveling on land due to their size, although they have the potential to reach high speeds in water.
|CollectA figurines are top quality, anatomically accurate and hand painted. They are educational - encouraging role play, awareness of endangered species, consciousness of the importance of environmental protection.|
Age: 3 Years +


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We examine the rotational dynamics associated with bounded chaotic flows, such as those on chaotic attractors, and find that the dynamics typically exhibits on-off intermittency. In particular, a properly defined chaotic rotation tends to follow, approximately, the phase-space rotation of a harmonic oscillator with occasional bursts away from this nearly uniform rotation. The intermittent behavior is identified in several well studied chaotic systems, and an argument is provided for the generality of this behavior.
|Number of pages
|Physical Review. E, Statistical Physics, Plasmas, Fluids, and Related Interdisciplinary Topics
|Published - Jul 2000
- ON-OFF INTERMITTENCY
- PHASE SYNCHRONIZATION


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Need Help!! Describe how to make 2.5L of 0.1M HCL solution from 12M HCL concentrated solution and water. I got help earlier but still could not figure out the calculations. Please help, it has been a while since i took chemistry. Thank you soo much
Describe how to make 2.5L of 0.1M HCL solution from 12M HCL concentrated solution and water. Thank you
how do you solve this equation with the substitution method. 1) 6x + 4y = 6/5
In Exam Figure 7, AA′ = 33 m and BC =7.5 m. The span is divided into six equal parts at E, G, C, I, and K. Find the length of A′B. Round your answer to two decimal places.
the structural formula,with atoms A,B,and C unspecified,is? [Q2] the formula is C3 H6 Br2 If the compounds is called 1,2-dibromopropane, A,B,and C must be...what?
in describing an equilibrium reaction involving hydrogen gas, iodine gas, and hydrogen iodide gas, all of the statements about equation Q=[Hl]2 divide [H2][l2]are true except for which one?
with the exception of the transition elements, Groups3-12 in the periodic Table, and the noble gases, Group 18, atomic radii___ within periods, while atomic radii___ within groups.
if a small piece of sodium is dropped into water,it begins to react, forming hydrogen gas and sodium hydroxide. In the equation, 2Na(s)+2H2O(l) 2NaOH(aq)+H2(g),the sodium hydroxide that is formed is a..
find the value of the expression 3*45 divide 9-2 (10-6) -4 divide 2
For Further Reading


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Being part of the community for young people 16 to 25 with SEND
Community activities for 16 to 25 year olds with SEND
What's available if your child wants to volunteer, join group activities and make friends, play sports, have a day out and find online communities for disabled people.
There are many ways for your child to get involved with the community.
Mencap have volunteering positions for disabled people.
There are three Bristol Community Links (BCL) Day Centres where your child can make friends and join group activities. BCL North and South have sensory rooms for young people with autism or complex learning disabilities.
If your child is disabled and wants to take part in sport:
- search our list of accessible leisure centres and sports clubs in Bristol with activities for disabled people
- Parasport UK has a search engine to find sports clubs or check what activity your child can enjoy depending on their disability
- Buds and Suds advises people interested in taking part or setting up inclusive sports sessions
Short breaks are:
- services allowing a child or young person to have a break from their parents or carers
- services allowing parents and carers to have a break from their caring responsibilities
- a chance for families to take a break from their normal routines and do fun things together
Short breaks must meet both the parents and young persons' needs.
They can be for example:
- a day care away from home, such as a couple of hours at a playgroup or a weekend club
- help from someone who will look after your child at home
- a family link scheme where your child stays with another family
Museums and arts
Young people can express their creativity by taking part in plays, workshops or art performances with other disabled people:
- Bristol Museums' staff are trained to help families with autism and M Shed has an art course for people with low level mental health issues using museum exhibits to inspire creativity
- the Misfits Theatre Company is a performance art company with creative workshops led by people with learning difficulties
- MusicSpace is a music therapy charity for disabled people of all ages helping them build relationships
They can also find inspiration by attending plays or exhibitions by other disabled people:
- Firebird Theatre is a company of twelve disabled artists based in Bristol
- Artists First is an art group run by artists with learning difficulties, who exhibit their work regularly
Activities and days out
Many venues are accessible to people with disabilities. You can find them with:
- DisabledGo, a search engine to discover accessible places such as restaurants, cinemas and play areas for you and your child
- Visitbristol.co.uk, which has a list of accessible activities and attractions in the city
- Yourlocalcinema.com, for cinemas showing accessible and subtitled films for people with hearing loss
There are organisations running days out and activities for young disabled people:
- The West of England Centre for Inclusive Living (WECIL) has regular activities such as cooking, sports, games and day trips
- The Brandon Trust, a charity that runs a holiday club for children and young people aged 11 to 18 with mild and moderate learning disabilities or autism
- Young and Free, a friendship group offering activities such as bowling, theatre trips or disco and quizzes for disabled young people aged 16 to 25
Help when out and about
The Safe Places scheme gives your child somewhere to go and be safe if they become worried when out.
You can buy a Radar Key and guide to locked accessible toilets from the Disability Rights UK shop.
The Bristol Parent Carers website has a map of all the accessible toilets and changing facilities.
There are plenty of blogs and forums which are made by and for disabled people:
- Disability Rights UK has a list of online communities or blogs written by people with SEND
- Scope has a disability online community
- top 100 disability blogs by views on Equalitytime
You can find tips and advice on the Online safety for young people with SEND web page.


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RAMADAN in Egypt is unlike any other Muslim country, essentially because of how celebrations manifest themselves. Egyptians have many social traditions associated with Ramadan, foremost among them is decorating the streets and shops with lights and colourful fawanees (lanterns). Ramadan lanterns are a custom inherited since the time of the Fatimids in Egypt.
Walking through Cairo's higher income neighbourhoods on a Ramadan evening reveals elegant lanterns hanging from apartment buildings or standing proudly in the lobbies of five-star hotels. However, veering off into one of the city's more popular areas, there is a more genuine taste of Ramadan's traditions of street decorations.
Mosques are flooded with lights and their minarets adorned; stores and streets are lit with many colourful lamps; coloured light bulbs are strung from building to building, lamppost to lamppost. Strings of triangular plastic decorations outline shops and homes; miniature mosques and lanterns (usually made of iron, plastic or paper) hang between balconies; long silver streamers dangle from balconies, winking and gleaming in the bright sunshine. In some streets the decorations are so condensed, they can almost block out the sun during the day, and light up the street throughout the night.
Most streets are decorated by the group effort of neighbours, who pride themselves in hanging the mock crescent, mosques and fawanees. As Ramadan approaches, the race is on among communities and neighbourhoods to decorate the most festive and attractive streets.


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This article deals with helping you to study and determine the THREAD ID information for various products.
Take a look at the photos below that have ID descriptions on & with them.
- IBC = Intermediate Bulk Container, also referred to as; Pontoon, Palleton, Pod or, TOTE, U.N Std Dimensions: 1200mm high x 100cm W x 120cm deep. weight 60 to 65kg.
- The cage is a light gauge galvanised tube steel. Bladder is made of 3mm HDPE = High Density Polyethylene.
- The expected life is 16 to 20 years outside before crazing, (UV oxygenation), which hardens & destroys the plastic.
- **NONE are designated POTABLE (for drinking water).
- 'Food Grade' does NOT mean Potable.
- Clean Food grade IBC's are ok for water transportation.


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A type constructed from primitive types or other derived types using a type constructor function. This term is usually applied to procedural languages such as C or Ada. C's derived types are the array, function, pointer, structure, and union.
Compare derived class.
Try this search on Wikipedia, OneLook, Google
Nearby terms: dereference « de-rezz « derived class « derived type » DES » descender » descent function


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What Do the Sizes Mean on Trees and Shrubs?
Generally, the bigger the number, the bigger the price, the bigger the plant.
Plants with a number sign (#) followed by a number are roughly equivalent to gallon pot sizes (i.e. #2 = 2 gallon, #3 = 3 gallon and so on). These plants are sold in containers.
Plants with a height (i.e. 5-6') indicate an estimate of the current height of the plant.
Plants measured in inches (i.e. 2.5") indicate the caliper (trunk width) of the plant.
Plants measured by caliper (inches) are generally larger than plants measured in height (feet).
Plants with B&B in the size are sold as balled and burlap (not in a container).
For more information, please see this video that will show you examples and tips on selecting trees and shrubs.


If you and your partner are both aged 65, there's a decent chance one of you really will live to 100. Most of us retire between 60 and 65, so that means 30+ years of income you'll potentially need. And a higher chance you'll run out of cash during retirement.
Do you want a guaranteed income for as long as you live? Newer products on the market promise to pay you a set amount of "income" for the rest of your life.
How guaranteed income products work
Lifetime guaranteed income products have two components:
 - An account-based pension.
 - A lifetime income guarantee offered by a life insurer.
You draw income from the account-based pension and pay a fee for the lifetime income guarantee. If your account runs out of money, the life insurer continues to pay you income until you die.
Sounds great, right?
In theory, yes. These new income-guarantee products give retirees a sense of stability, with a set annual income that will never decrease. But there are a few catches.
 - They have high fees.
 - There are limits on the amount you can draw down each year.
 - They aren't indexed to keep up with inflation.
So why choose guaranteed income?
For most of us there's a fundamental difference between the savings phase – when you're heading towards retirement – and when you actually retire and begin drawing down on your savings.
A poor investment result in the early years of retirement or just before retirement may mean your savings never recover.
If, for example, you were drawing down retirement income during the 2008 GFC, your account balance could have taken a catastrophic hit.
Limitations explained
Yearly caps
There's a limit on how much you can draw down annually on this type of retirement plan. This generally varies between four and five per cent of the amount of your guarantee base (i.e. the start value of your investment).
So on a $100,000 investment, you can draw down around $5000 per year. When the average personal savings for those aged 55–64 is $229,000 for males and $149,000 for females, that equates to a pretty frugal yearly budget.
Inflation issues
Your investment balance is reviewed yearly, and if it's higher than the original investment, the guaranteed base will increase in line with the new balance. But there's no guarantee your original investment will actually increase in value.
These products don't automatically index against inflation, so you're left without an important safeguard. And using CPI figures from recent decades as a reference, $5000 today is probably only equivalent to $2900 in 20 years' time.
Comparing providers
They may look pretty similar, but income-for-life products from providers like AXA, ING and Macquarie have important differences.
 - The fees they charge and the maximum amount you can draw down each year vary.
 - You may have to invest your money through the company's allocated pension product.
 - Some companies may only offer the Lifetime Income Guarantee through their self-managed superannuation fund structure.
Case study 1: Lifetime guarantee plans
Sally and Tom are both 65 and retiring this year. Tom is expected to live to age 87 and Sally to age 90. They live in their own home and Tom has personal savings of $300,000, while Sally has $200,000.
 - They've decided to invest $300,000 into one of these "income for life" products, while investing the rest of their savings elsewhere.
 - In the first year of investment, Sally and Tom would receive an annual income of $15,000 from ING or AXA, or $18,000 from Macquarie.
 - Macquarie applied a lifestyle bonus rate which may decrease after the first five years.
 - The guarantee fee ranged between 1.1% and 2.15% per year. This may not seem like a lot, but when applied to Sally and Tom's example it's between $3,300 and $6,450 in the first year alone.
Case study 2: Lifetime annuities
Lifetime annuities also provide an income-for-life product, though their popularity has waned significantly since the changes to the government's means test for the age pension came into effect in 2004 and again in 2007.
 - If Sally and Tom invest the same $300,000 into a lifetime annuity with CommInsure, they will receive $18,863 per year for the rest of their lives.
 - The downside of the lifetime annuity is that Sally and Tom are unable to withdraw from the annuity outside the guaranteed period.
 - When they both pass away, if they have chosen a nil guaranteed period or the guaranteed period has expired, there will be nothing left for their estate.
Where to from here?


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Explanatory writing explains the author's thoughts, feelings, ideas, and/or opinions, and to share knowledge about a given topic.
Explanatory writing prompts on the NJASK often focus either on a situation or on a quotation or adage. Click to get specifics on how to answer each style of prompt.
In responding to the topic or quotation presented, students will be asked to explain their point of view and to create an original work. Explanatory writing may be based on the writer's personal knowledge and experience or on information presented to the writer.
On the NJASK, students are given 25 minutes (grades 6-8) to develop a composition based on the prompt.
Some Explanatory Prompts
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Collaborative Design for Charity | 為慈善共創設計
The 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake has been a huge disaster in human history and it was as well an unprecedented catastrophe for the giant pandas living in the wild. After the earthquake, a group of young artists volunteered to go to Wolong for rescue work. They encountered many pandas that had escaped the disaster. They were hungry because their natural habitat was devastated after the earthquake. One of the pandas lying on the ground seemed to be injured, but it still stayed strong. It stood up and tried to stretch the claws to reach the bamboos across the fence. This scene has been permanently fixed in the minds of these artists and since become the inspiration of HeArt Panda.
In its ten-year establishment, HeArt Panda started in its hometown Chengdu, and has since developed into a global icon for charity, spreading the Chinese spirit of 'strength, bravery, love and tolerance' along the way. HeArt Panda collaborates with different organisations with its iconic panda figurines, often inviting artists or renowned individuals to create customised versions, which are then auctioned for charity causes. Through「DesignXcel」, HeArt Panda offered its 8-inch version figurine as a platform for collaboration, inviting design freshmasonry Janie to apply her own narrative.
In the collaboration, Janie painted her Panda in blue and decorated it with white clouds all over. Accompanying the panda is a miniature representation of the metropolis made with paper staples. Janie describes the panda as a symbol for a 'deep blue heaven', where its overarching presence over the city is similar to a guardian that oversees the collective hope of its citizens. The panda also represents nature and shows the projection of Janie's wish for the cohabitation of nature and civilisation.
十年流轉，HeArt Panda從它的家鄉成都出發，後來成為一個全球知名的慈善企業，宣揚「堅強、勇敢、友愛、包容」的中國精神。HeArt Panda利用其標誌性的熊貓像與不同的機構合作，經常邀請藝術家或知名人士創作定制的版本，然後將作品拍賣以作慈善用途。通過《設計列陣》，HeArt Panda善用其8吋高的熊貓像作為合作平台，邀請了設計新鮮人劉彥慈將自己的敘事加入其中。
Lau Yin Chi, Janie
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University 香港理工大學


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Collection: 22 In 9 Notes
Handpan is the term commonly used for a new generation of musical instruments, belonging to the family of steel pans and meaning steel pan played by hand.
- 9 Note Design - 1 center note(D3) and 9 tone fields
- Tone: Fundamental + Octave Overtone + Fifth Overtone
- The upper part has 9 sounds, the center point is the basic sound, and the remaining 8 sounds are distributed around.
- The bottom center has a hole for the bass "GU" which can be used for tuning.


Dry fruits with a low and medium glycemic index are the best for people with diabetes. But again, that does not mean you have too many of them at a go. The only way to know how much he/she can eat is to do a controlled test. Comments are closed, but trackbacks and pingbacks are open. Figs are either black or light green … Dates are a perfect energy snack for those that suffer from diabetes. Due to the presence of dietary fibers and natural sugars in such a large number, figs are ideal for weight loss and weight management. Eating too many figs may cause loose stools or diarrhea. Figs are high in sugar, and when dogs eat too much sugar, even the natural, healthy sort found in figs, their digestive system can … 2â3 sounds about right. The glycemic index of dried figs is 61, which makes them a moderate glycemic food item. Aids weight lossPeople with Type 2 diabetes have to control their weight along with blood sugar levels. Foods with lots of fiber content slow down the release of sugars in the bloodstream. NOTE: Avoid dried figs! Donât overdo it. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Fruits are loaded with vitamins and minerals 5 6.Each contains different amounts, so choose a variety every day. Consumption of high fiber can promote healthy bowel movement and digestion. Everybody reacts differently to different type of food. Only two tablespoons of dried fruit like raisins or dried cherries contains 15 grams of carbohydrate so be cautious with your portion sizes! However, if you are diagnosed with diabetes and have to watch your sugar intake, a lot of fruits are off your platter. Because of ageing factor, old people tend to have problem with their vision. But, should you share it with your canine? Word of advice: Always prefer to eat fresh figs and not the dried figs. Figleaves and fig leaves extract help the body to react to the injected insulin in the required manner. Figs are very famous for their health benefits. Easy Ways to Get Carbs in Dried Figs A fig is a nutritious fruit that provides a lot of calcium and fiber. People can choose to eat fresh or dried figs, but they should be mindful that dried figs contain more calories and sugar. Continuous consumption can help you fight obesity and reduce weight. And with the appropriate changes in your lifestyle,... Just be careful because some dried figs can be very high in sugar content. This quick guide for can diabetics eat dried figs. Figs are slightly underrated fruit. People with Type 1 diabetes usually face the problem of insulin sensitivity. Fortunately, diabetes can be controlled. Eating a serving of 2-3 figs can provide 4-6 grams of fiber â almost a quarter of the 25 grams the FDA suggests you eat each day. Improving insulin sensitivityThe leaves of the fig tree and the leaf extract help improve the insulin sensitivity in the body. This reverse flower is rich in … Diabetics can also eat figs, studies have suggested these are diabetes-friendly dry fruit Figs are a powerhouse of nutrition. Just take a look at this chart that shows the nutrition facts per 100 grams of dried fruit (thatâs about 2/3 cup to 1 whole cup, depending on the fruit). You can have them both fresh and dried. It also helps you get rid of kidney stones. Fig leaves contain a sap that often causes allergic reactions when consumed. Reply. No wonder figs are often referred to as Nature's Perfect Food. Figs are beneficial for diabetes patients in many ways. These fruits are mainly produced in Middle Eastern and Asian countries. People with diabetes tend to be low in vitamin C, according to the Joslin Diabetes Center 5 6.High blood sugar levels make it difficult for your body to absorb vitamin C, so eat plenty of citrus fruits, which are excellent sources of this vitamin. The following are the benefits of figs for diabetes patients-. Figs are a fantastic source of fibre. they are particularly high in potassium, calcium, and iron. A person with diabetes should consume dates in moderationâup to three dates per day. 5. The sugar from food is not released into the blood all at once but releases over time. Fresh figs are much better than dried figs. Figs have many dietary fibers that help break down sugar in the body and successfully manage blood sugar levels. Colon cancer can be prevented as they remove toxins from your body especially in colon. So you might very well ask that is fig safe for consumption for a person with diabetes? This helps the diabetic patients but can be harmful for those suffering from low blood sugar level. The same is with diabetic patient. Reply. How many figs can a diabetes patient eat per day? Fruit can be eaten in exchange for other sources of carbohydrate in your meal plan such as starches, grains or dairy. Fresh figs, which have purplish skin and reddish pulp can make for a healthy mid-meal snack. Sesame seeds to cure cracked and peeling lips – DIY, Natural Herbal Teas for Headaches and Migraines. THIS ISN'T GOOD FOR YOUR BLOOD SUGAR! Figs are a good source of potassium that helps in blood pressure control. Fruit can be eaten in exchange for other sources of carbohydrate in your meal plan such as starches, grains or dairy. A person with diabetes has to limit their sugar intake. Diabetics can safely consume fruit servings that contain a maximum of 15 grams of carbohydrates. Therefore, even when sugar content is high in figs, the high content of fiber helps break down blood sugar. But all have the same property. These fruits are mainly produced in Middle Eastern and Asian countries. Figs Can Be Used To Cure Diabetes Figs are one of the best natural food for people who have diabetes. The anti-oxidant properties in fig helps you to fight free radicals when applied externally. Some FAQs about figs and diabetes-. Your dogs can eat figs. But make sure you eat fresh figs fruits and not the dried ones. Then you can select the carbohydrate containing foods (using portion sizes) that meet your plan. Health Benefits of Figs. If it does not go up dangerously, he is ok to eat. Figs is one of the many pro-diabetes foods. How Many Carbs are in Figs? Figs are one such fruit that contains a plentiful of sugar. However, there are bound to be questions regarding the benefits figs can add to a diabetes diet. Many people eat fruit infrequently, but tend to have larger portions when they do eat them, so some people find that it is easy to overdo the dried fruit, grapes and tropical fruits. It also helps to reduce your weight and to gain weight it is also very useful. However, because they are relatively high in sugar, with 16 g for every 100 g of fruit, you can eat fresh figs with diabetes as long as you don't exceed your daily recommended intake of sugar and total carbohydrates. However, the glycemic indices for the three different varieties of soft, semi-dry, and dry dates are 35.5, 49.7 and 30.5, which suggests that diabetics can eat a few dates but with caution. Close it and keep for 40 days, during these days the figs will absorb a lot of olive oil. Why should you include quinoa in your diet? The fiber content in figs helps in the digestion process. The high fiber in figs helps to break fat in the body. Dates are a perfect energy snack for those that suffer from diabetes. Figs helps you fight severe cough and cold. The leaf is used for conditions such as diabetes, high cholesterol, and skin conditions. They are one of the perfect food items that can help a person with diabetes achieve their ideal blood sugar level. Is it safe to eat figs as a diabetic? Dried figs they are a very healthy food, there is no contraindication that prevents their consumption, yet So, It is advisable to consume about 30 grams of figs a day This equals 5 units approximately.. Pomegranates - Season: Winter. Are Figs Keto-Friendly? Figs are a rich source of fiber. People mostly prefer to have them just as is, but you can enjoy by pairing them with other foods such as cheese, prosciutto, wine, and the like.You can also use them as an ingredient to make bakery products, … You can chew in few tender fig leaves, on a daily basis. However, people with diabetes must practice moderation while eating figs. So Obesity suffering people should not take figs with milk. Being a member of the Mulberry family, fig trees have numerous health benefits. Figs are a fantastic source of fibre. Figs are healthy no matter how you consume them. See additional information here. 4. While figs offer a variety of potential health benefits, they also pose a number of serious risks to your dog if fed to them inappropriately. But not the dried ones. Figs Are Rich In Potassium. They should use dried figs. According to the [â¦]


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Homographs are words that are written the same way but have different meanings and often different pronunciations:
'Wind' can mean the movement of air when talking about the weather. It can also mean to follow a course or way that is not straight; the road winds through the mountains. These are different words with different pronunciations although they are written the same way.
Browse the following links to other content related to the term 'Homograph' from the 'Spelling and Punctuation' grammar category:


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A model involving a scalar reaction-diffusion equation with piecewise linear reaction rates and linear incompressible flow fields is developed to study the validity of Huygens principle at large scales in premixed combustion. This model includes both dependence on the reaction term and the velocity field. For plane fronts aligned with the direction of expansive strain and KPP regime, theory predicts strong violation of Huygens principle chemistry, and this is shown to persist in dramatic fashion throughout the ZFK regime, even at high activation energies. If the front is aligned with a direction of compressive strain, Huygens principle yields an excellent approximation with ZFK chemistry. For a more general rotating strain flow with ZFK chemistry, the Huygens principle significantly underpredicts the large scale flame propagation velocity in consistent fashion with the example involving expansive strain. For backward reactions or at the boundary of the ZFK regime, Huygens principle is always excellent for any large scale flow geometry.
- Huygens principle
- Premixed large scale combustion
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Chemical Engineering(all)
- Fuel Technology
- Energy Engineering and Power Technology
- Physics and Astronomy(all)


Auction 356 / Lot n° 1668
"Attack on Xiebulu", fifth leaf of a series of eight engravings illustrating a punitive expedition of the troops of Emperor Qianlong against Gurkha's army, during the Tibetan invasion between 1790 and 1792 China, Qianlong period (_PHONE_) The battle of Xiebulu is part of the Sino-Nepalese war (_PHONE_). When Nepal invaded Tibet, which was under the administrative rule of the Qing dynasty, it looked like a local conflict due to be solved easily. However, it eventually turned in a proper military action, coordinated by the Qianlong Emperor and his military officers.
Auction: 27 November 2015 at 10:30
Estimate € 3,500 - 5,000