text: The distribution of archaeomagnetic data in eastern Europe and the Near and Middle East shows a remarkable gap in Turkey. This study presents the first archaeomagnetic results from five different mounds in southeast Turkey, the northern part of Mesopotamia. The rock magnetic experiments indicate that in the majority of the samples the dominant magnetic carrier is magnetite, which is stable to heating to temperatures of 700 degrees C. In general, the demagnetization diagrams are single component and all five sets display well-defined characteristic magnetizations and clustered directions. For the period between 2500 and 700 BCE, the declinations are between 350 degrees and 20 degrees while inclinations are in the range of 49-64 degrees. The directional results are compared with the global geomagnetic field models (CALS7k.2, ARCH3k_cst.1 and CALS3k.4) and the data from the archaeomagnetic database GEOMAGIA50v2. The results are coherent with both the data and the models except for two near-contemporaneous sets dating similar to 2000 BCE, which are offset to the east by more than 20 degrees with respect to CALS7k.2. Archaeointensity measurements were made using the microwave and conventional thermal Thellier methods applied to five sets of samples (four furnaces and a mud-brick wall). These yielded comparable and intriguing results. While those from the furnaces are slightly higher than the CALS7k.2 model and in agreement with the GEOMAGIA50v2 and the Middle East data, the results from the mud-brick wall suggest a high intensity of 100.8 mu T (17.7 x 10(22) Am-2) at similar to 1000 BCE. This result is in excellent agreement with recent claims of extremely high intensity measured in other regions of the Middle East for this time period though less consistent with these being associated with extremely short-lived events. Finally, we discuss our new and other recently published archaeointensity results in terms of geomagnetic intensity versus climate. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


text: This book presents the state-of-the-art polymerization, fabrication and application methods of high performance industrial polymers, pertaining specifically to recent developments from the chemistry and engineering perspective. All introductory, monomer, polymerization and fabrication techniques are reviewed, and basic information is provided to help demystify the more advanced material. Chapters are arranged according to chemical constitution of the individual classes, starting with main chain carbon-carbon polymers and leading to ether-containing, sulphur-containing, and so on. Special additives, suppliers and commercial grades, safety, environmental impact and recycling are also explained. Commercially available polymers are listed throughout the book.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
The Sublime is sometime used as a synonym for subtle or sophisticated but with aesthetic overtones. In the original setting for this aesthetic notion it was a combination of Beauty & Greatness, and it evolved to also include Awe & Terror & Horror. For example Kant held that
the sublime was of three kinds: the noble, the splendid, and the terrifying.
Mathematics is commonly held (by mathematicians and others - for example Rexroth a poet, and Pasternak a novelist and poet) to have Beauty; can it also be sublime in all of Kants sense?
Sublime in the 16th century was generally understood to mean as:
"expressing lofty ideas in an elevated manner," from Middle French sublime (15c.), or directly from Latin sublimis "uplifted, high, borne aloft, lofty, exalted, eminent, distinguished," possibly originally "sloping up to the lintel," from sub "up to" + limen "lintel, threshold, sill".


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Beauty Header image fustany skin care how to tighten loose sagging skin on face mainimage
| by Mai Atef
From Ages 30-40: How You Can Tighten Loose Sagging Skin and Wrinkles
Wrinkles and sagging skin on our face is very common nearing the end of our 30s. We all want to accept our skin and age gracefully but skincare is great way to help tighten the skin from sagging and help minimize the appearance of wrinkles for a prolonged period of time.
Because we're on the topic of skin for ages 30-40, we wanted to make sure we dedicate an article for wrinkles and how to tighten the skin on the face in your 30s. We're going to be talking about its causes, treatments and the natural remedies for tightening the face and helping with wrinkles.
What is the sagging of skin on the face?
It is the loosening of the skin on the face after the loss of fat and the glands that used to keep it tight. The skin becomes loose after the collagen production decreases. Wrinkles tend to appear first and then the loosening of the skin starts to happen gradually.
The causes of sagging skin on the face...
1. Aging is one of the main reasons behind the sagging and loss of firm skin, due to the decrease in the natural production of collagen. The face starts to lose elasticity and firmness.
2. Using bad quality cosmetics that could contain harmful chemicals could also be behind the appearance of wrinkles, which is one things that many girls and women overlook.
3. Weight loss can also cause sagging in the face, especially when the body loses a lot of weight in a short period of time.
4. Lack of exercise can also contribute to the inability of maintaining tight skin.
5. Not sticking to an all rounded healthy diet can lead to the sagging of skin. It should be a mix between proteins, vitamins, iron and calcium. You should also make sure you're drinking enough water.
6. Your mental health also affects your physical health, which affects the state of your skin, especially when you do not get enough sleep.
7. Overexposure to the sun without applying sunscreen can increase wrinkles as well.
Sun protection and Moisturizing
If you feel like your skin is already starting to age that way, you should start being consistent with sunscreen, everyday and in summer and winter. Also make sure you're always moisturizing your face. Try the Murad Environmental Shield Essential-C Day Moisture or DermaQuest SheerZinc
Collagen beauty products to help with wrinkles and sagging
If you haven't starting using collagen in your skincare yet, maybe you should give it a go. There's the L'Oréal Paris Collagen Moisture Filler, the Olay Regenerist Micro-Sculpting Cream or the Murad Rapid Collagen Infusion
Home remedies for face tightening masks:
Egg white mask to firm the skin
1. Get the egg whites of 2 eggs.
2. Apply and leave on the skin for 20 minutes, then wash it off with cold water.
Milk and cucumber mask to tighten the skin
1. Mix 2 tablespoons of grated cucumber with 2 Tbsp of milk.
2. Apply the mixture on the skin, leaving it on for 30 minutes, then wash it off with cold water.
Beauty tips to help avoid wrinkles and sagging skin:
These daily habits and tips can help you combat wrinkles and sagging...
1. Exfoliate once a week to get rid of dead skin and stimulate blood circulation.
2. Regularly doing facial massages can really help with wrinkles and firming the face.
3. Always apply sunscreen before you leave the house, in winter and summer.
4. Drink enough water constantly and eat food that nourishes the skin, like vegetables and fruits.
5. Doing facial exercises through movements and expressions.
6. Make sure you wash your face with a suitable cleanser for you and using cold water.
7. Avoid having a large amount of sugar with tea or coffee, because it reduces collagen production.
Main Image Credits: Instagram _USER_.bluntt
Tags: Natural remedies Homemade beauty recipes Home remedies Anti-aging Anti-aging creams Collagen Beauty tips Beauty routines Skin Skin care tips Skincare products Skincare How to reduce wrinkles Wrinkles


extraction (equilibrium) constant
The _USER_@ constant at zero _USER_@, \(K_{\text{ex}}^{\text{0}}\), is the _USER_@ of the distribution reaction expressed in terms of the reacting species. Thus, for the gross reaction: \[\text{M}_{\text{aq}}^{n+} + n\text{HL}_{\text{org}} \rightleftharpoons \text{ML}_{n,\text{org}} + n\text{H}_{\text{aq}}^{+}\] in which the _USER_@ HL initially dissolved in an organic phase reacts with a metal ion Mn in aqueous solution to form a product MLn which is more soluble in the organic phase than in water, \[K_{\text{ex}}^{\text{0}} = \frac{a_{\text{ML } n,\text{org}}\hspace{2pt}a_{\text{H}^{+},\text{aq}}^{n}}{a_{\text{M}^{n+},\text{aq}}\hspace{2pt}a_{\text{HL},\text{org}}^{n}}\]
 1. When concentrations are used instead of activities or mixed terms are employed as when H+ and/or Mn are measured with an electrode, the appropriate name is _USER_@ constant, symbol \(K_{\text{ex}}\), accompanied by a careful definition. \(K_{\text{ex}}^{\text{0}}\) may be termed the thermodynamic _USER_@ constant.
 2. The _USER_@ constant is related to other terms relevant to such systems by: \[K_{\text{ex}} = \frac{D_{\text{ML},n}\,\beta_{n}\,K_{a}^{n}}{D_{\text{HL}}}\] where \(\beta_{n}\) is the overall _USER_@ of MLn and \(K_{a}\) is the _USER_@ constant of HL. Where the _USER_@ HL is more soluble in water than the other immiscible phase it may be more convenient to define a special _USER_@ in terms of \(\text{HL}_{\text{aq}}\): \[K_{\text{ex}}^{0} = D_{\text{ML},n}\,\beta_{n}\,K_{a}^{n}\]
 3. In distribution equilibria involving non-aqueous systems, e.g. liquid SO2, molten salts and metals, the mass action _USER_@ for the relevant _USER_@ process can be identified with \(K_{\text{ex}}\) which should be explicitly defined in this context.
 4. In actual practice, it may be necessary to include other terms to take into account other complexes formed by auxiliary reagents and the _USER_@ and/or _USER_@ of the various species. In such cases, \(K_{\text{ex}}\) must be defined with reference to the relevant explicit chemical equation. An example is complex formation between the metal ion and an uncharged _USER_@ ether or _USER_@ molecule followed by ion-pair _USER_@: \[\text{M}_{\text{aq}}^{n+} + \text{L}_{\text{org}} + n\text{A}_{\text{aq}}^{-} \rightleftharpoons \left ( \text{ML}^{n+}.\text{A}_{n}^{n-} \right )_{\text{org}}\] \[K_{ex} = \frac{[ \text{ML}^{n+}.\text{A}_{n}^{n-} ]_{\text{org}}}{[ \text{M}^{n+} ]_{\text{aq}} [ L ]_{\text{org}} [ A^{-} ]_{\text{aq}}}^{n} \]
 5. Use of Ringbom's 'conditional _USER_@ constant', \[K_{\text{ex}}^{\text{eff}} = \frac{{a_{\text{H}^{+}}^{n}}^{n} [ \text{ML}_{n}' ]_{\text{org}}}{ [ \text{M}' ]_{\text{aq}} [ {\text{HL}' ]_{\text{org}}}^{n}}\] in conjunction with alpha coefficients is useful.
 6. The phases can also be specified by the formula of the solvent or by other symbols (preferably Roman numerals) or by overlining formulae referring to one phase, usually the less polar one. The subscript aq (or w) is often omitted; aq is preferable to w as the latter is appropriate only in English and German.
 7. The qualification 'equilibrium' is often omitted.
 8. The terms _USER_@ and _USER_@ must not be used in this sense.
Orange Book, 2nd ed., p. 89 [Terms] [Book]
PAC, 1993, 65, 2373. (Nomenclature for liquid-liquid distribution (solvent extraction) (IUPAC Recommendations 1993)) on page 2383 [Terms] [Paper]


, meaning you can spend less time learning and more time having fun as you learn to ski.
The first option is what is called dry-mat (artificial dry ski slopes). As they say in Britain, it does what it says on the tin. You ski a top mat. Don't be alarmed, this is the specialist mat that is designed to aid the flotation of skis. However, that does not make it any more forgiving if you fall on it. Dry-slope (dry-mat) skiing is one of the cheapest and most ubiquitous methods of ski training when there is no snow in sight.
Although they are almost everywhere, it is impossible to replicate the sensation of a snow-experience without a mountain and snow. Dry-slope skiing is an entirely different feeling to the real stuff and because of that, should be avoided if possible. Not only will it provide little benefit in regard to skiing ability but will put the skier at greater risk of injury.
There is another option that is perfect for anyone who is learning to ski, in actuality, in many respects it far exceeds the qualities of a mountain if you are looking, solely, to learn to ski. Snow-domes, these are essentially giant refrigerators in which artificial snow is pumped and maintained, as a regular mountain. However, the obvious advantage is there is no wind indoors and therefore, there is no need for a beginner skier to worry about extra layers of clothing or a changing weather.
Furthermore, the length of the slope is far shorter and thus, if a beginner loses control, as happens when learning to ski, there is less danger. Get lots of practice before you head to the mountains to ensure you are the safest you can be while having a blast slope-side, and snow-domes will help you do that!
Learn the linguistic basics of your host country.
If you are planning on traveling out of your home country to learn to ski, learning the basics of the language is crucial. Not only will it seem extraordinarily polite and will put you in good stead with your hosts, but furthermore, will make simple transactions easier – such as ordering food, drinks or buying your lift passes.
Learning the language of your host nation will also minimize the chance that your hosts will coax you into a tourist trap, you may even get to see the real culture that lies behind the tourist façade. Finally, learning a language can be a real bonding experience if you are to embark on it with another person and it will allow you to develop relationships with those overseas, after all, the whole world doesn't speak English; even though some British and American travelers believe they should!
Sun lotion!
This is a fundamental mistake that millions of learner skiers make, yet very few give advice on the matter. The common misconception is that as mountains are cold, there is no possible way of being sunburnt.
Anyone, who has ever been up a mountain and does not wear sunblock is putting their skin and pain-free state, majorly, at risk. When you are in the mountains, you are often thousands of feet above sea-level, therefore, the sun is far more intense than on the ground. So, unless you are from the Middle-East or somewhere where the sun is omnipresent and intense, grab yourself some sun tan lotion.
Every skier has had the misfortune of forgetting theirs one morning. By the end of the day, they have all realized that it is the worst mistake that they could ever have made. Imagine being unable to touch your face for the next week, hating the sunny, but cold slopes, for the rest of your ski break.
Protect yourself from the sun, SPF 50+, reapplying every hour should fully protect you from the sun's malevolent rays.
Book a catered chalet to save money.
Skiers often try to save money on their accommodation, and rightly so! Why not spend your extra cash on equipment that will add much more to your vacation than a five-star hotel ever will?
After all, your accommodation will lay vacant for the vast majority of your waking hours. So, how to save money on accommodation should be at the top of your value for money agenda.
Many make bookings into a non-catered apartment, and indeed, this is the cheapest option, immediately. However, keeping to our long-term focused tips, we want to give you what will be the best and best value for money option, long into the future.
Therefore, our tip regarding accommodation is booking a catered chalet. This is because buying food to see you through a few days of skiing will waste money, as you will not be able to consume everything before you leave, and it will add stress to your getaway. Therefore, booking a catered chalet, which is only marginally more expensive, will not only maximize the time you have for having fun but will save money too.
Carry a few essentials at all times.
Skiing can be a dangerous sport and although we are not suggesting that you prepare for any serious emergency, there are a few things to carry on your person that may add to the comfort of your experience.
We would recommend that one person, per party, carries a back-pack when on the mountain. This will have a minimal impact on your skiing enjoyment, however, will allow you to carry a few essentials.
Dakine Heli Pro Backpack
One such essential is sunblock, but as we have already discussed that, always carry a map of the trails on the mountain. They can usually be found at the ticket office and are crucial for those who want to learn to ski. They will ensure that you will never get lost and although it is unlikely that you will ever need to use it if you plan on seeking instruction, it gives you a safety-net. A piste map means one less worry!
Secondly, always carry a bottle of water. Skiing is thirsty work and cafés and bars on the hill will ramp up the price of anything they can. By carrying your own bottle of water, you will prevent dehydration and ski better. This can be supplemented by, a childhood favorite, a bar of chocolate. This is crucial for those who have a condition such as diabetes, but is helpful to the general public as you have the opportunity to fuel yourself up on sugar if you are feeling a tad low – and if you don't eat it on the hill, it is a great treat at the end of the day!
National Geographic Ng Ng Np1403 Khaki Technical Backpack
Your snack of choice doesn't have to chocolate, nuts or fruit will do the trick too.
Carry these things and you will be safer, ski better and have more fun when out on the trails.
Read our reviews to stay on top!
Finally, don't be a stranger. You are always welcome here at!
Keep checking-in to see our latest tips, tricks, and reviews. Like those above, if you follow our 11 top tips for those who are learning to ski, we can assure you that you will have the time of your life on snow.
So, happy skiing!


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A genetic test for lactose intolerance
A genetic test for lactose intolerance has been devised by researchers at the Canterbury Health Laboratories in Christchurch.
Lactose intolerance is common
Most of the world's population (about 75%) are lactose intolerant and can't consume milk or milk products without feeling ill. This is because they lack the enzyme lactase, which digests the milk sugar lactose.
Lactose tolerance arises from a genetic mutation
In New Zealand, most of the population are lactose tolerant and can consume milk and milk products. A single point mutation in the DNA ensures that the lactase enzyme is produced in adults. At a specific site in the DNA, a cytosine (C) nucleotide is replaced with a thymine (T). This type of mutation is called a single nucleotide polymorphism.
If the thymine (T) nucleotide is present, the lactase enzyme continues to be made after weaning, and adults can consume milk without any ill effects. This mutation is thought to have emerged relatively recently (less than 10,000 years ago) as farming and dairying practices became commonplace.
A genetic test for lactose intolerance
Previous tests for lactose intolerance were time-consuming and invasive. Recently, researchers at the Canterbury Health Laboratories in Christchurch have devised a simple genetic test for lactose intolerance. This test determines whether a subject has the cytosine (C) or thymine (T) nucleotide in their DNA close to the lactase gene.
This test uses a number of common molecular biology techniques including polymerase chain reaction, restriction enzyme digests and gel electrophoresis – see the steps below:
 1. Obtain a DNA sample: A small amount of blood (about 5ml) is taken from a test subject.
 2. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifies the DNA: The subject's DNA is amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR uses primers to amplify the specific region of DNA that contains the single nucleotide polymorphism.
 Get information sheet: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
 3. Restriction enzymes cut the DNA into fragments: The amplified DNA is cut into fragments with restriction enzymes.
 Get information sheet: Restriction enzymes
 4. Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments: The DNA fragments are separated by size using gel electrophoresis.
 Get information sheet: Gel electrophoresis
 5. Analyse results: The pattern of DNA fragments indicates whether a person is lactose intolerant (C/C) or lactose tolerant (C/T) or (T/T).
Testing for lactose intolerance
A test for lactose intolerance is needed to help doctors diagnose and treat people. If a person has lactose intolerance, they could avoid milk and milk products, to see if this helps symptoms, or explore some biotechnological solutions.
Get information sheet: Treating lactose intolerance
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31 Design Terms That Non-Designers Need to Know
When you're first starting to build a brand for your business, it can be easy to get bogged down in some of the dense design terminology that exists out there. RGB what? DPI who?
You're not alone in this – the first time I heard the word "kerning," I thought it referred to a type of corn. (And, if this sounds about right to you, you definitely need to keep reading!)
Below, we've broken down some technical design terms into basic explanations, bringing you a personalized design terms glossary.
So, scroll down to learn all about 31 common design terms that you may come across in your brand-building journey!
Here are some branding basics to be aware of right from the get-go:
1. Logo
A logo is a graphic design element that incorporates a recognizable symbol, letters, or combination of the two and helps to represent a brand.
2. Icon
An icon is a symbol (typically part of a brand's logo) which can represent a concept, idea, operation or action related to your brand. Think the Twitter bird or Snapchat ghost.
3. Vector File
A vector file or EPS (Encapsulated PostScript) is a scalable file used by designers to create any type of graphic. This file is composed of points, lines, shapes and curves rather than pixels.
Due to their extreme flexibility, vector files can be easily resized and stretched, which makes them the perfect file for printing on just about anything!
4. Brand Book
A manual (whether physical or online) that keeps track of a company's branding assets. Your Brand Book helps to inform all employees and designers how to utilize your logo, assets, fonts, colors, and maintain a consistent brand voice.
5. Brand Aesthetics
The look and feel of your brand, with elements ranging from color scheme to font, style, etc.
6. DPI
DPI stands for dots per inch (sometimes you'll also see PPI, or pixels per inch), and it indicates how many pixels are in one inch of your image.
72 DPI is enough for images to look good on websites; 300 DPI images are recommended for print (except for billboards and large posters – they should go with vectors!)
7. Typography
The visual art of the written word – i.e. how your letters are arranged on the page, including spacing, length of lines, etc.
8. Typeface
The design of a collection of letters, numbers and characters – what we are often prone to associating with the word font.
9. Weight
This refers to the level of thinness or thickness of a typeface, ranging between 100-900. (For reference, a "normal" font is 400 and 700 is considered bold).
10. Kerning
The spacing between a pair of letters or characters. Kerning is something to take into consideration when pairing fonts in a way that is visually pleasing.
11. Tracking
Adjusting the uniform amount of space between an entire section of text, such as a line, paragraph or page.
12. Character
What you know as a letter, number, or mark of punctuation; characters are symbols that make up a typeface or complete character set.
13. Alternate Character / Glyph
A specific or alternate form of a character; for example, letters with an accent mark.
14. Italic
This is a tilted version of a typeface or font, usually sloping from left to right.
15. Ascender
Part of a lowercase letter that rises above the average height of the letters. You'll see this with letters like "h" or "k".
16. Descender
Part of a lowercase letter that extends below the line on which the rest of the characters sit.
17. Baseline
The imaginary line on which most characters and letters rest. Curved letters and descenders may extend slightly below the baseline.
18. Cap Line
Look at the height of your capital letters – that is considered the font's cap line, or the upper boundary of your font's characters.
19. X-Height
Look at the height of the letter "X" in any given font – that is considered the font's X-height, or the average height of lowercase letters.
For a comprehensive look into color theory, check out this blog post. In the meantime, here are some important color terms to know:
20. Hex Color Code
Also known as a hex triplet or HTML color code, a hex code is a six-digit representation of a single color. Hex codes are the dominant form in which colors are defined and displayed on the web.
21. Color Scheme / Palette
The range of colors you choose to use for a project.
22. Hue
The color you perceive when looking at an object; this also can refer to the shade of a specific color.
23. Monochrome
A color scheme that comes from one hue but varies in shades and tints (for example, the colors pink, red and maroon).
24. Analogous
This is a color combination that uses colors that are directly next to each other on the color wheel.
25. Triadic
This is a color scheme in which three different colors are evenly spaced from one another on the color wheel.
26. Complementary
Complementary colors are those that sit directly across from one another on the color wheel (red and green, blue and orange, purple and yellow).
27. RGB
Another color model in which Red, Green, and Blue are added together to produce other colors. The amount of color variations are endless, and each color is produced through mixing different amounts of R, G, and B – just like in the good old days.
28. CMYK
Yet another color model, CMYK (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black) is used in printing. In contrast to RGB, this is a subtractive color model, which means that the primary colors (red, yellow and blue) are subtracted from white light to arrive at these four remaining colors.
29. Gradient
Slow transitions in color tone between two specified colors. This could be a gradual change from left to right (a linear gradient) or from the center of a frame to the edges (a radial gradient).
30. Opacity
How transparent an element is, on a scale from 0-1. An opacity level of 0 would mean the item is invisible, while a level of 1 means it's completely solid.
31. Saturation
The intensity of color. Low saturation is generally faded and dull-looking, while high saturation appears vibrant and rich in color.


a gallery wall of paintings on a dark purple wall
Transcendental Modernism
Drawn primarily from deCordova's permanent collection, Transcendental Modernism connects to the nearby exhibition Visionary New England, while focusing on artistic developments in Massachusetts from the 1940s through the 1990s. Veering away from dominant narratives of modern art as abstract, secular, and self-referential, Transcendental Modernism advances an understanding of vanguard art in Massachusetts based on intersectional social progress and interdisciplinary artistic pursuits. The exhibition examines the spiritual commitments of Boston Expressionists, the presence of Afrofuturism in Boston, and utopian collaborations between artists and scientists.
The exhibition was organized by Sam Adams, Curatorial Fellow.


text:
Question: What is the history of the use of molasses in beer? Do you know around what time and why breweries stopped using molasses and switched to sugar? We are doing a story on the Molasses Flood of 1919, and want to know what the use of molasses was in beer at that time. M.J., Pasadena, California, USA
Answer: Sugar Cane was brought to the West Indies at the end of the 15th Century; however, evidence of its usage in making alcohol did not surface until approximately 1640. It was used primarily for the making of rum.
During the 18th Century, colonists in the New World used molasses in the sweetening of foods and beverages, in the making of rum, and in the brewing of beer. It was difficult for the colonists to get hops, and the bitterness yielded by cooked molasses would serve to balance out the malt/corn sweetness in beer. Many believe that the Revolutionary War was precipitated by the Molasses Act of 1733, which imposed a heavy tax on sugar and molasses coming from anywhere except the British islands in the Caribbean. This tax was lowered in 1764.
The popular use of molasses fluctuated with the price. In the 19th century, molasses was the most common sweetener in the USA. Due to its accessibility, it would have been a popular ingredient in the brewing of beer during this period. At the end of the 19th Century, sugar rates dropped, and molasses began to lose its popularity. It played a cat and mouse race with sugar and maple syrup in the early 1900's, but lost popularity after World War I (1918) when sugar prices again fell.
At the same time, those fighting for the cause of Prohibition were anxiously lobbying for the ratification of the 18th Amendment. On January 16, 1919, Nebraska added their vote in favor of the 18th Amendment, and prohibition was put into effect. This was one day after the Great Molasses Flood of 1919. During the tragic clean-up, church bells rang out across Boston, in jubilant celebration of Prohibition.
Of course, after the Molasses Disaster in Boston, its association with tragedy was so intense in the Northeastern US, that the use of molasses declined rapidly.
Molasses is still used in some beer - most notably, in Theakston Old Peculier Old Ale. T & R Theakston Ltd., North Yorkshire, U.K.
Many home brewers use molasses for brewing Old Ale or Porter. It is also an ingredient in Poor Richard's Ale, the Commemorative Beer for the Ben Franklin Tercentenary, this year, 2006.
Molasses is known as treacle in the UK.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Solar Array Saves Air Force Energy, Money
By Christen N. McCluney
Special to American Forces Press Service
WASHINGTON, Oct. 13, 2009 A solar-energy array at Nellis Air Force Base, Nev., is saving money for the Air Force and decreasing the service's reliance on fossil fuels.
"The military, perhaps better than anyone, is bound and determined to be good stewards of the incredible natural resources we have in this country," said Air Force Col. Dave Belote, commander of the 99th Air Base Wing at Nellis, in an Oct. 8 interview on the Pentagon Channel podcast "Armed with Science: Research and Applications for the Modern Military."
The solar array, which debuted as North America's largest renewable venture in December 2007, is composed of more than 72,000 solar panels containing 6 million solar cells, and represents an enormous step toward energy efficiency, Belote said. It supplies 28 percent of the base's power, saving about $83,000 a month and 24,000 tons of carbon dioxide emissions a year, the colonel said. "It's really an exciting thing to be a part of," he added.
The photovoltaic system uses some of the same technology pioneered in the mid-1960s by the Bell Corp. It produces power only while the sun is shining. "We are peak producing at about noon to 1 p.m.," Belote said.
The array's solar panels are produced and supplied by four companies, the colonel said, and officials have been keeping data on which are most effective. Data-collecting devices on the grid report real-time system performance information to each of the four companies and the main corporation. That information has led one of the companies to start creating a more energy-efficient bifacial solar panel after seeing the added efficiency was worth the cost.
The panels are located in an industrial portion of the base and are designed to absorb and convert sunlight, as opposed to reflecting it, so they do not interfere with the base's flying mission, Belote said. Of the 140 acres of land used for the array, 33 acres are a capped-off landfill. "We couldn't have done anything else with it," he said, "and saved millions of dollars in environmental clean-up and made use of land that would not be used at all otherwise."
In its two years of operation, the array has posed no problems, the colonel said.
"One of the most pleasant surprises about this array and this climate has been the virtual total lack of maintenance," he said. Solar panels usually present a challenge, he noted, because they need to be kept clean. "As soot and grime coat the panels, efficiency drops off pretty quickly," he explained. But because of the desert climate, the panels at Nellis have yet to require cleaning.
Belote said he has been in contact with other Air Force leaders interested in similar projects, and has addressed many groups about involving the military in these types of environmental partnerships. He also had the opportunity to speak with President Barack Obama when the president visited the base in May, and he said Obama graciously accepted his suggestions and encouraged him to continue working on these issues and partnerships.
"Because the [Defense Department] trumpets the fact that it knows it is the nation's largest consumer of energy, and the Air Force within [the Defense Department] is the largest consumer of energy, we are all about finding ways to stop spending money on fossil fuels," he said. "We would like to use clean, renewable projects anywhere possible."
Energy saving projects like this allow the Air Force to be fiscally responsible, he added, and "allows us to be great stewards in natural resources."
(Christen N. McCluney works in the Defense Media Activity's emerging media directorate.)


text:
Background: For most women, participation in decision-making during maternity care has a positive impact on their childbirth experiences. Shared decision-making (SDM) is widely advocated as a way to support people in their healthcare choices. The aim of this study was to identify quality criteria and professional competencies for applying shared decision-making in maternity care. We focused on decision-making in everyday maternity care practice for healthy women.
Methods: An international three-round web-based Delphi study was conducted. The Delphi panel included international experts in SDM and in maternity care: mostly midwives, and additionally obstetricians, educators, researchers, policy makers and representatives of care users. Round 1 contained open-ended questions to explore relevant ingredients for SDM in maternity care and to identify the competencies needed for this. In rounds 2 and 3, experts rated statements on quality criteria and competencies on a 1 to 7 Likert-scale. A priori, positive consensus was defined as 70% or more of the experts scoring ≥6 (70% panel agreement).
Results: Consensus was reached on 45 quality criteria statements and 4 competency statements. SDM in maternity care is a dynamic process that starts in antenatal care and ends after birth. Experts agreed that the regular visits during pregnancy offer opportunities to build a relationship, anticipate situations and revisit complex decisions. Professionals need to prepare women antenatally for unexpected, urgent decisions in birth and revisit these decisions postnatally. Open and respectful communication between women and care professionals is essential; information needs to be accurate, evidence-based and understandable to women. Experts were divided about the contribution of professional advice in shared decision-making and about the partner's role.
Conclusions: SDM in maternity care is a dynamic process that takes into consideration women's individual needs and the context of the pregnancy or birth. The identified ingredients for good quality SDM will help practitioners to apply SDM in practice and educators to prepare (future) professionals for SDM, contributing to women's positive birth experience and satisfaction with care.


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Definition of venereal disease in English:
A disease typically contracted by sexual intercourse with a person already infected; a sexually transmitted disease: gonorrhoea is the commonest venereal disease [mass noun]: prostitutes were detained if found to have venereal disease
More example sentences
- The biggest health problems are tuberculosis, venereal diseases, malaria, trachoma, typhoid fever, and dysentery.
- And nearly 50 percent are infected with venereal diseases like syphilis that greatly increase their chances of contracting HIV.
- He claimed he had suffered from a serious infection resulting from a venereal disease he contracted from the rapes.
Definition of venereal disease in:
- US English dictionary
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
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UK Met to Deploy ENDGame Model to Improve Forecasts
DR-figure-312wOver at e-Infrastructure, Adriana Hamacher writes that the UK Met Office is using a new supercomputer-powered model called ENDGame to forecast the England's notoriously unpredictable weather. Using a virtual model of the UK, the technology enables meteorologists to pinpoint the weather at 100 metre points on the ground and up to 11 miles above ground.
ENDGame is an evolution of the current dynamical core, the New Dynamics, and is based on a semi-implicit semi-lagrangian discretization of the governing equations. In common with the New DynamicsENDGameis a finite-difference model discretised on a latitude-longitude grid and is based on the fully compressible, nonhydrostatic Euler equations. However, distinct from the New DynamicsENDGame has been designed to allow the code to be switchable between various options: a nonhydrostatic and a hydrostatic formulation; deep-atmosphere and shallow-atmosphere formulations, and use of spheroidal, spherical or Cartesian co-ordinates (as appropriate).
Ten years in development, ENDGame will be deployed regionally starting next year. It's hoped that the model will be able to accurately predict the thunderstorms, black ice, and flash floods which are caused by weather systems too severe or small to be seen by current programs. Scientists at the Met Office claim the reliability will improve to 80 per cent, allowing scientists to take into account much smaller changes in the gulfstream and Arctic sea ice coverage that impact the British climate.
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Introduction to Ibis
Ibis is a Python framework to access data and perform analytical computations from different sources, in a standard way.
In a way, you can think of Ibis as writing SQL in Python, with a focus on analytics, more than simply accessing data. And aside from SQL databases, you can use it with other backends, including big data systems.
Why not simply use SQL instead? SQL is great and widely used. However, SQL has different flavors for different database engines, and SQL is very difficult to maintain when your queries are very complex. Ibis solves both problems by standardizing your code across backends and making it maintainable. Since Ibis is Python, you can structure your code in different files, functions, name variables, write tests, etc.
This tutorial will guide you through Ibis features and provide practical examples. Some knowledge of Python is assumed and knowledge of SQL will be helpful but not required.
Ibis is open source - if anything can be improved in this tutorial, or in Ibis itself, please open an issue in the Ibis GitHub repository or open a pull request with the fix.
Getting started
To start using Ibis, you need a Python environment with Ibis installed. If you don't know how to create an environment, we recommend following the setup instructions in the Ibis website.
Once you have your environment ready, to start using Ibis simply import the ibis module:
import ibis
To make it things easier in this tutorial, we will be using Ibis interactive mode. For production code, that will rarely be the case. More details on Ibis non-interactive (aka lazy) mode are covered in the third tutorial, Expressions, lazy mode and logging queries.
To set the interactive mode, use:
ibis.options.interactive = True
Next thing we need is to create a connection object. The connection defines where the data is stored and where the computations will be performed.
For a comparison to pandas, this is not the same as where the data is imported from (e.g. pandas.read_sql). pandas loads data into memory and performs the computations itself. Ibis won't load the data and perform any computation, but instead will leave the data in the backend defined in the connection, and will ask the backend to perform the computations.
In this tutorial we will be using a SQLite connection for its simplicity (no installation is needed). But Ibis can work with many different backends, including big data systems, or GPU-accelerated analytical databases. As well as most common relational databases (PostgreSQL, MySQL,…).
To create a SQL connection to our example SQLite database data/geography.db, use:
import os
database_file_path = os.path.join('data', 'geography.db')
connection = ibis.sqlite.connect(database_file_path)
Note that if you installed Ibis with pip instead of conda, you may need to install the SQLite backend separately with pip install ibis-framework[sqlite].
Exploring the data
To list the tables in the connection object, we can use the.list_tables() method. If you are using Jupyter, you can see all the methods and attributes of the connection object by writing connection. and pressing the key.
['countries', 'gdp']
These two tables include data about countries, and about GDP by country and year.
The data from countries has been obtained from GeoNames. The GDP table will be used in the next tutorial, and the data has been obtained from the World Bank website.
Next, we want to access a specific table in the database. We can create a handler to the countries table with:
countries = connection.table('countries')
To list the columns of the countries table, we can use the columns attribute.
Again, Jupyter users can see all the methods and attributes of the countries object by typing countries. and pressing .
We can now access a sample of the data. Let's focus on the name, continent and population columns to start with. We can visualize the values of the columns with:
countries['name', 'continent', 'population']
 name continent population
0 Andorra EU 84000
1 United Arab Emirates AS _PHONE_
2 Afghanistan AS 29121286
3 Antigua and Barbuda NA 86754
4 Anguilla NA 13254
.. ... ... ...
247 Yemen AS 23495361
248 Mayotte AF 159042
249 South Africa AF 49000000
250 Zambia AF _PHONE_
251 Zimbabwe AF _PHONE_
[252 rows x 3 columns]
The table is too big for all the results to be displayed, and we probably don't want to see all of them at once anyway. For this reason, just the beginning and the end of the results is displayed. Often, the number of rows will be so large that this operation could take a long time.
To check how many rows a table has, we can use the.count() method:
To fetch just a subset of the rows, we can use the.limit(n) method, where n is the number of samples we want. In this case we will fetch the first 3 countries from the table:
countries['name', 'continent', 'population'].limit(3)
 name continent population
0 Andorra EU 84000
1 United Arab Emirates AS _PHONE_
2 Afghanistan AS 29121286
Filters and order
Now that we've got an intuition of the data available in the table countries, we will extract some information from it by applying filters and sorting the data.
Let's focus on a single continent. We can see a list of unique continents in the table using the.distinct() method:
0 EU
1 AS
2 NA
3 AF
4 AN
5 SA
6 OC
Name: continent, dtype: object
We will focus on Asia (AS in the table). We can identify which rows belong to Asian countries using the standard Python == operator:
countries['continent'] == 'AS'
0 False
1 True
2 True
3 False
4 False
247 True
248 False
249 False
250 False
251 False
Name: tmp, Length: 252, dtype: bool
The result has a value True for rows where the condition is true, and the value False when it's not.
We can provide this expression to the method.filter(), and save the result in the variable asian_countries for future use.
asian_countries = countries['name', 'continent', 'population'].filter(countries['continent'] == 'AS')
 name continent population
0 United Arab Emirates AS _PHONE_
1 Afghanistan AS 29121286
2 Armenia AS _PHONE_
3 Azerbaijan AS _PHONE_
4 Bangladesh AS 156118464
5 Bahrain AS 738004
6 Brunei AS 395027
7 Bhutan AS 699847
8 Cocos [Keeling] Islands AS 628
9 China AS _PHONE_
10 Georgia AS _PHONE_
11 Hong Kong AS _PHONE_
12 Indonesia AS 242968342
13 Israel AS _PHONE_
14 India AS _PHONE_
15 British Indian Ocean Territory AS 4000
16 Iraq AS 29671605
17 Iran AS 76923300
18 Jordan AS _PHONE_
19 Japan AS 127288000
20 Kyrgyzstan AS _PHONE_
21 Cambodia AS _PHONE_
22 North Korea AS 22912177
23 South Korea AS 48422644
24 Kuwait AS _PHONE_
25 Kazakhstan AS _PHONE_
26 Laos AS _PHONE_
27 Lebanon AS _PHONE_
28 Sri Lanka AS 21513990
29 Myanmar AS 53414374
30 Mongolia AS _PHONE_
31 Macao AS 449198
32 Maldives AS 395650
33 Malaysia AS 28274729
34 Nepal AS 28951852
35 Oman AS _PHONE_
36 Philippines AS 99900177
37 Pakistan AS 184404791
38 Palestine AS _PHONE_
39 Qatar AS 840926
40 Saudi Arabia AS 25731776
41 Singapore AS _PHONE_
42 Syria AS 22198110
43 Thailand AS 67089500
44 Tajikistan AS _PHONE_
45 Turkmenistan AS _PHONE_
46 Turkey AS 77804122
47 Taiwan AS 22894384
48 Uzbekistan AS 27865738
49 Vietnam AS 89571130
50 Yemen AS 23495361
We can check how many


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Support multi-language to help different language speakers learn and use hyperledger fabric at the same documentation website.
Rich Zhao,
Technical Working Group China(TWGC) has been working for a long time to translate fabric documentation, so far we found it is the best way to maintain documentation.
Help different language speakers learn fabric in their own language.
Dependent Projects
Hyperledger Fabric documentation is written in English. For those contributors whose native language is not English, they have difficulty contributing to or using hyperledger projects. If the documentation and log messages in software code can be translated into their own native language, it will help build a larger community of contributors and users.
Technical Working Group China has been working for a long time to translate fabric documentation, we use a separate repo to host the documentation but if we can use the same website as the English documentation, it would be more official and convenient for users to use.
Besides, Chinese, we do see other languages are required too.
TWGC has translated about half of fabric v2 documentation with the current solution, it is available at
The solution needs：
 1. documentation manage framework, sphinx which Fabric is using. Fabric English documentation uses Sphinx v1.7 to manage documentation materials, like.rst,.md files, and the structure layout and build to final output format HTML, pdf, ePUB, etc. Sphinx is a documentation framework based on python, we need to upgrade sphinx to version 2 for more compatible. It has been done through
 2. A repo to store documentation material and collaborate among contributors. Fabric English documentation uses the same repo as fabric code, it is okay for other languages to use the same existing repo, but as the documentation doesn't share the update release pace as code, it is better to use a separate repo to host ALL documentation materials. All means do NOT separate other language documentation from English documentation, as others are translated from English. Translators/contributors need to monitor English status.
 3. A translation tool. We prefer Because,
 1. it is free for open source projects. The paid account has a statistics report, but it is fine without reports.
 2. More importantly, it is very collaborative, translators can working simultaneously, translating, reviewing, etc.
 3. It provides a CLI tx, like git, contributors can use tx to pull from/push to transfex
 4. readthedocs account to host the documentation. Fabris is using it, just need to merge other languages into it.
For more detail refer to:
Efforts and Resources
Suggest using a separate repo to host all documentation material.
How To
Reviewed By
 1. Not exactly sure why this is coming to the TSC. This seems to be specifically about translating Fabric documentation to other languages.
 Are you asking Hyperledger to provide something here?
 2. Looking at the history of this page I see that this is nothing new. Ry Jones why did you ask for TSC members to review this? Housekeeping?
 1. Yes, housekeeping. These three proposals were left in unfinished state, or were using the old format with the previous TSC list.
 3. This is a great effort, but I'm not sure that it fits best as a project, which is supposed to be a coding effort.
 Can we find some good way to organize documentation efforts?
 4. After discussing with translation volunteers in TWGC, we decided to use github to maintain fabric document, as github is able to track everyone's contributing.


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The ideal temperature for the freezer is about 5 degrees (F). The refrigerator should be kept at about 36 degrees (F). The temperature can be adjusted using the controls found inside the freezer or refrigerator.
Measurement of the temperature in the freezer may be inaccurate if you simply place a thermometer inside. To properly Measure the temperature, place a cup of alcohol or cooking oil with a cooking thermometer into the freezer for about 2 hours. The oil or alcohol will not freeze and will make it possible to accurately measure the temperature. If you used water, it would freeze and the thermometer would not display the correct reading. Also, the freezing water may damage a thermometer placed in it.


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BACKGROUND: The isolation of islets from the human pancreas critically depends on an efficient enzyme blend. Previous studies have solely focused on the presence of collagenase and neutral protease/thermolysin. Despite improved characterization of these components, the lot-related variability in efficacy still persists suggesting that additional so far disregarded enzymes are required for efficient islet cleavage. METHODS: Varying activities of a tryptic-like enzyme were identified within collagenase NB1 lots, which were selected according to a matched ratio between tryptic-like and collagenase activity (TLA-ratio). Rat and human pancreata were processed with current standard procedures. RESULTS: Increasing the TLA-ratio from 1.3% to 10% reduced pancreas dissociation time in rats by 50% without affecting islet yield, viability, or posttransplant function in diabetic nude mice. Enhancing the TLA-ratio from 1.3% to 12.6% for human pancreas processing resulted in a significant reduction of recirculation time and increased incrementally human islet yield without affecting purity, in vitro function or recovery after culture. Optimized pancreas digestion correlated with a higher percentage of islet preparations fulfilling quality criteria for clinical transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that TLA is an effective component that should be included in moderate amounts in enzyme blends for human islet isolation to optimize the efficiency and minimize the lot-related variability.
Original publication
Journal article
Publication Date
370 - 375
Animals, Cell Separation, Cell Survival, Collagenases, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental, Female, Graft Survival, Humans, Insulin, Insulin-Secreting Cells, Islets of Langerhans, Islets of Langerhans Transplantation, Male, Mice, Mice, Nude, Middle Aged, Rats, Rats, Inbred Lew, Thermolysin, Tissue Donors, Transplantation, Heterologous, Trypsin


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Understanding The Mongolian Language & Providing Professional Mongolian Interpreters, Translators and Transcriptionists
American Language Services ® (ALS) understands the importance of working in the Mongolian language. For over a Quarter of a Century, American Language Services ® has worked with the Mongolian language as well as hundreds of others from around the world. We offer comprehensive language services 24 hours, 7 days a week worldwide by providing Mongolian interpreting, translation and transcriptions services along with hundreds of other languages and dialects. Our linguists are native speakers and writers who are screened, credentialed, certified, field tested and experienced in a number of specific industry settings. The Mongolian language is unique and has very specific origins and characteristics.
The Mongolian Language and Mongolia
The Mongolian language is spoken in Mongolia, a landlocked country in East and Central Asia. It borders Russia to the north and People's Republic of China to the south, east and west. Although Mongolia does not share a border with Kazakhstan, its western-most point is only a few miles from Kazakhstan's eastern tip. Mongolia is the nineteenth largest and most sparsely populated independent country in the world, with a population of around 2.9 million people. It is also the world's second-largest landlocked country after Kazakhstan. The country contains very little arable land, as much of its area is covered by steppes, with mountains to the north and west and the Gobi Desert to the south. Approximately 30% of the country's 2.9 million people are nomadic or semi-nomadic. The predominant religion in Mongolia is Tibetan Buddhism, and the majority of the state's citizens are of the Mongol ethnicity, though Kazakhs, Tuvans and other minorities also live in the country, especially in the west.
Syntax of the Mongolian Language
As a language, Mongolian has vowel harmony and a fairly complex syllable structure for Mongolic that allows up to three syllable-final consonants. It is a typical agglutinative language that relies on suffix chains in the verbal and nominal domain. While the basic word order is Subject Object Verb, the noun phrase order is relatively free, so functional roles are indicated by a system of about eight grammatical cases. The verb can take several voice suffixes and is marked for aspect and some other notions belonging to the domains of tense, modality and evidentially. In sentence linking, converbs play a special part.
Mongolian Writing System
Mongolian has been written in a variety of alphabets over the centuries. The traditional Mongolian script was adapted from Uyghur script probably at the very beginning of the 13th century and from that time underwent some minor disambiguations and supplementations. Between 1930 and 1932, a short-lived attempt was made to introduce the Latin script in the Mongolian state, and after a preparatory phase, the Cyrillic script was declared as mandatory by government decree.
Who are You Going to Trust with Your Vital Mongolian Language Needs?
The Mongolian language is an important language worldwide. It is vital to understand the general nature and specific idiosyncrasies of Mongolian. Since 1985, ALS has provided outstanding Mongolian interpreters, translators and transcriptionsts worldwide.
Chicago Interpreters | Chicago Translation Service | Chicago Transcription Service | Dallas Interpreters | Dallas Translation Service | Dallas Transcription Service | Houston Interpreters | Houston Translation Service | Houston Transcription Service | Irvine Interpreters | Irvine Translation Service | Irvine Transcription Service | Las Vegas Language Service | Las Vegas Interpreters | Las Vegas Translation Service | Las Vegas Transcription Service | Los Angeles Language Services | Los Angeles Interpreters | Los Angeles Translation Service | Los Angeles Transcription Service | Miami Interpreters | Miami Translation Service | Miami Transcription Service | Orlando Interpreters | Orlando Translation Service | Orlando Transcription Service | Philadelphia Interpreters | Philadelphia Translation Service | Philadelphia Transcription Service | San Diego Interpreters | San Diego Translation Service | San Diego Transcription Service | San Francisco Interpreters | San Francisco Translation Service | San Francisco Transcription Service | Washington DC Interpreters | Washington DC Translation Service | Washington DC Transcription Service...Language Services by City | Language Services by State


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Francisco "Paco" Ibáñez is a Spanish singer and musician born in Valencia on November 20, 1934.
He went to France in 1952 during the Franco dictatorship in Spain and recorded his first album in 1964. During the events in France of May 1968, he performed in the Sorbonne and became known as a rebel artist.
He never composed his own lyrics, but used famous poems, like those of Federico García Lorca, Rafael Alberti or Miguel Hernández. He also sang compositions from Georges Brassens.
- Canta a Jose A Goytisolo(2002)


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The Role of Perinatal Quality Collaboratives
Perinatal quality improvement is a method to increase obstetric safety and promote health equity. Increasing trends of maternal deaths, life-threatening complications of pregnancy, and persistent racial inequities are unacceptable. This Narrative Review examines the role and strategies of perinatal quality initiatives and collaboratives to deliver safe and equitable maternity care and the evidence of demonstrated success. Key strategies to promote maternal equity through perinatal quality include communicating equity as a priority through leadership, leveraging data and enhancing surveillance, engaging in strategic partnerships, engaging community, educating clinicians, and implementing practice recommendations through collaboration.


Sutro Forest announced UCSF's intention to destroy about 50% of the non-native trees on Mount Sutro and replace some of them with native trees, including oaks and bays. Bays are the vector of the pathogen causing SOD. The EIR said NOTHING about Sudden Oak Death, nor did it acknowledge the existence of the disease in Golden Gate Park and the arboretum, less than a mile away from Mount Sutro. What's the point of destroying healthy trees and replacing them with trees that are likely to die in the near future?
Where to go from here?
We are not powerless against bad decisions of public utilities and the forces of nature. There are things we can do to address these causes of wildfires in California:
 - We must address the causes of climate change. We must stop destroying healthy trees and we must plant more trees. We must choose species of trees that have a future in the changed climate. The trees must be adapted to current and anticipated climate conditions. We must quit destroying trees simply because they are not native. Non-native trees are not more flammable than native trees and many are better adapted to current climate conditions.
 - We must regulate our public utilities and demand that regulations be enforced. The Public Utilities Commission initiated an effort to improve the safety of power lines in 2007, after destructive wildfires. The utility companies have been actively dragging their feet to prevent new regulations because they would increase costs, despite the fact that they would improve safety.
 - Improved regulation of utilities should minimize the need to destroy healthy trees, by undergrounding power lines in the most high-risk areas, improving insulation of the wires, replacing wooden power poles with metal and/or concrete poles, installing sensors that identify breaks in the power lines, etc.
Demonizing non-native trees is preventing us from addressing the causes of climate change and the closely related issue of increasing frequency and intensity of wildfires. Let's open our eyes and our minds to the reality of wildfires in California and develop the policies that will reduce fire hazards.
(1) The Detwiler Fire is active at night, and a scientist says that's relatively new," Fresno Bee, July 22, 2017
(2) "Disease killing oaks spreads," East Bay Times, October 24, 2017
(3) "Disease in trees pointed at in fires," San Francisco Chronicle, October 20, 2017
5 thoughts on "Lessons learned from fires in the North Bay"
 1. Thank you for this interesting and valuable report. I wonder what forest trees, native or non-native, would thrive in a warming climate. We know that blue gum eucalyptus do well, but, because of its bark that peels off in high wind, it is a high maintenance tree. Some garden trees, such as magnolia, have broad leaves that would resist some fires–but not fires driven by high winds, and they also have a debris problem. Redwoods do not thrive unless the saplings have shade and are watered for several years. It seems as if we need a low-maintenance forest tree that would resist disease, do well with rising temperatures and occasional high winds, and be tall enough to provide the shade necessary to prevent more flammable grassland and chaparral/brush species from taking over. Which tree species would fit all of those criteria?
 Another issue is the sparking of electrical lines when poles and wires come down in the wind. The solution for that would seem to be undergrounding electrical wires, but the cost for under grounding hundreds of miles of wires may be prohibitive. It is interesting to me, as someone who lived within the area that burned in the 1991 fire, that PG&E seems to be taking the brunt of the blame for the North Bay fires while, as far as I know, no one suggested that the sparking of wires and exploding transformers had anything to do with the spread of the 1991 fire. Instead, nativists scapegoated eucalyptus for the spread of that fire and managed to convince people (who will not accept that some eucalyptus trees survived the fire) that no other cause was worth considering.
 Since we know that structures, especially wooden ones, are more likely to ignite from embers and cast embers than tall trees, it is important to create and maintain defensible space around one's home and make the home itself as fireproof as possible. It is also important, as stated in Million Trees, to do as much as we can to slow climate change. One way to do this is to stop destroying healthy trees of any species, and to plant more trees.
 1. I don't think we can generalize about the "ideal" tree. The best tree for a specific location will vary a great deal. I recommend Matt Ritter's book, "Californian's guide to the trees among us," to help make a selection.
 Here in the San Francisco Bay Area, I consider the Monterey cypress a good choice for many locations, if there is adequate space. It tolerates wind well. It does not produce too much litter. It lives about 250 years. Unfortunately, it is being eradicated in the Bay Area because its native range is about 100 miles south of the Bay Area in a climate that is very similar.
 2. I agree about the majestic Monterey Cypress. I also love the Monterey Pine, who does so well here. They seem to be doing fairly well.
 But who I am most partial to is the handsome Douglas Fir, whose height can rival the tallest Redwoods, and who helps create a diverse forest. They can be seen on the upper parts of Mt. Tamalpais (the Rock Spring loop is a good place to see large, old ones, along with large madrones, and wonderful wildflowers and mushrooms in season. Further down Tamalpais, the Douglas Fir and Redwoods grow together.
 They are the main large conifer at Pt. Reyes, which has no Redwoods.
 If I remember right, they also do grow in areas too hot for Redwoods and perhaps other favorites. I've seen them in Lake County, but would like to find out if they extend into Northern California. They seem to tolerate both extreme heat as well as cold. And their scent is exquisite. (They are often used as christmas trees.)
 2. Well argued.
 Accurate in its reports regarding wildfire dynamics.
 Madeline Hovland suggests that burial of power lines could be cost-prohibitive. I would argue that those are costs of having an appropriate degree of safety in a hardwared power transmission system that simply must be borne.
 3. Thank you so much for this wonderful article. Like with all your work, I wish everyone would read it. It is SO important for people to learn the truth and not the myths, if they do want to prevent fire.
 I also saw the videos of trees surviving the fires when no buildings were left. We need every tree we can get, and it does seem that, at least where it doesn't get too cold, the Eucalyptus species and Acacia species are ideal for the Bay Area, plus Monterey Cypress and Pine, and Douglas Fir. Planting and nurturing trees who do not get SOD is essential to prevent fire and to have beautiful urban forests.
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Welcome to Christ the King Catholic School! For over fifty years, our parish and school have provided quality Catholic education to families in Mesa and the neighboring communities. We bring to interested families a faith-based education, strong in all facets of human development.
Our school proudly carries on the tradition of faith-filled education–no other school can truly duplicate the quality of educational experience that happens in a Catholic School. Our values and faith, the expectations of academic focus, self-disciplined philosophy, actions and minds support what engaged parents want for their children.
Because our children are our hope and our joy and the future of the church and society, we support parents in placing the child at the center of the educational process, promoting academic excellence and moral values, and fostering lifelong service. Through tremendous support from parents, faculty, staff, and the parish, we provide the highest quality programs and services for our students.
Take a look at our school and see what everyone is talking about. Let us show you how Christ the King Catholic School can meet your family's educational and spiritual needs.
- Catholic schools in the Diocese of Phoenix use curriculum guidelines that exceed the requirements of state guidelines. Diocesan-wide curriculum committees have studied the Common Core State Standards and have integrated only the parts of those standards that will be a benefit to our accelerated students in their pursuit of academic excellence.
- The School day begins at 7:45 a.m. in the courtyard and Monday through Thursday ends at 3:00 p.m. Friday is early dismissal at 1:30 p.m.
- All students attend weekly Mass on Wednesdays at 8:00 a.m. Parents and other relatives are welcome to attend with the students. Each week the Mass is hosted by a grade, with students from that grade taking part in the mass as greeters, readers, altar servers and gift bearers.
- All grades (K-8) attend classes in Spanish, Physical Education, Art, Library, Music, and Computers
- Extra-curricular Drama is offered to all students grade 4-8 and there is at least one musical production each year.
- Extracurricular, afterschool sports are offered for students in grades 5-8 through the Catholic Youth Athletic Association.
- Academic religion class is a core subject in every grade, and the students learn to be faith-filled individuals with each encounter.
- Catechesis of the Good Shepherd, a Montessori based program for grades Pre-K through Third, is the basis of the primary faith-formation. It is a 60-minute class each week with groups of 10 students at a time.
- Students in grades 2nd and 3rd are prepared for the sacraments of Reconciliation, First Holy Communion, and Confirmation. The school and parish work together to assist families of older students when a family wants to begin the process.
- Grades 5, 6, 7 and 8 rotate through their classes. Highly qualified math, science, and language arts teachers prepare students for high school both academically and organizationally. IXL Math and Accelerated Reader programs allow students to enhance their skills independently and to help teachers monitor student progress in these critical areas.
- Discipline With Purpose ™ helps students to learn to be self-disciplined and respectful to adults, classmates, property, and the Lord. Students graduate Christ the King well-spoken, with a strong work ethic, responsible for their actions, homework, and classwork, academically focused and successful.
- Students participate in a variety of community service projects with their classes
- Students wear uniforms
- Teachers use a variety of instructional strategies in the classroom to engage students in learning and to motivate the desire to learn. Smart Boards and Document Cameras are present in the classrooms to give teachers additional ways to increase student participation and access to multi-media
- Students at Christ the King report they enjoy school and like their teachers
- There is an expectation of assigned and completed homework each night
- Healthy hot lunch choices are available daily. Milk, water or juice is available separately for those who prefer to bring their lunch from home. Christ the King participates in the free/reduced lunch program. For the 2021-2022 school year ALL students are eligible to receive free lunch daily due to special COVID grant funding.
- The nurse monitors the physical health of the students. Students with unique health needs, including allergies, asthma, or medications can be accommodated.
- Students in Catholic schools in the Diocese of Phoenix take the Iowa Tests of Basic Skills. Most students at Christ the King test at or above National and Diocesan averages. Graduates from Christ the King Catholic School have their choice of options for High School: Catholic, private and honors programs in public and charter schools.
- Parents are involved in the education of their child. When parents know the faculty, other students and parents, students achieve more and are happier. Christ the King is creative in finding ways for everyone to be involved—whether it is helping in the classroom, organizing social events, chaperoning field trips, cleaning the church or praying for the students and the school–our children thrive because the community cares!
Look further at Christ the King with a tour or a visit.


text:
The Politics of Planting
Israeli-Palestinian Competition for Control of Land in the Jerusalem Periphery
Shaul Ephraim Cohen has conducted an unprecedented study of planting in the region and the control of land it signifies. In The Politics of Planting, he provides historical background and examines both the politics behind Israel's afforestation policy its consequences. Focusing on the open land surrounding Jerusalem and four Palestinian villages outside the city, this study offers a new perspective on the conflict over land use in a region where planting has become a political tool.
For the valuable data it presents—collected from field work, previously unpublished documents, and interviews—and the insight it provides into this political struggle, this will be an important book for anyone studying the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
2. Land and Trees in Historical Perspective
3. Afforestation in Palestine from the Turn of the Century through 1948
4. Afforestation as a National Enterprise, _PHONE_
5. Jerusalem Divided; Jerusalem United
6. Land Law, Policy, and Practice in the West Bank
7. Jerusalem's Green Belt
8. The Village of Sur Baher
9. Beit Iksa and Beit Surik
10. The Village of Abu Dis
11. An Overview: The Politics of Planting


Ecotones turns your noise into soothing sounds
Adaptive noise-masking machine blends with the audio in your specific environment to create a relaxing individually crafted soundscape.
Updated at noon PST Tuesday with more detailed information on how Ecotones works.
You know those blaring horns and screeching tires outside your office window? Listen again; you're actually hearing the soothing sounds of a babbling brook.
Silicon Valley start-up Adaptive Sound Technologies is out with its first product, Ecotones. It's an adaptive noise-masking machine that blends with the audio in your specific environment to create a relaxing individually crafted soundscape called a "SoundStory."
Adaptive Sound Technologies
In the event a loud truck suddenly came by, for example, Ecotones would instantly and automatically raise the volume level and insert a custom sound, such as a loud crashing wave or a seal barking, to help mask the change in the background noise. When the truck passed, Ecotones would resume the quiet ocean surf background. Because it reacts dynamically, Ecotones only uses enough volume to cover the offending noise.
Primary audio tracks are mixed with hundreds of individual secondary sounds in a pseudo-random way to create audio that's less repetitive than that of the typical sound-dimming machine or CD. The company says its audio backgrounds are so vivid and realistic (listen to a few of them yourself below) you'll forget the unit's in the room. Until your boss starts yelling again, that is.
You can use Ecotones to mask noise from loud neighbors, traffic, aircraft, annoying machinery, or any other manner of cacophony. Personally, I'd like to see which SoundStory it creates from the chorus of reporters and editors yelling across the room on a busy day here at CNET News. Would we morph into the Distant Thunderstorm (listen to MP3), Nature's Meadow (listen to MP3), or Crackling Fireplace (listen to MP3)? You can hear even clearer versions of those and other sounds on this page.
Ecotones uses a patented system of digital signal processing techniques to analyze background sound and dynamically generate the SoundStories. Adaptive sound processors use 32-bit technology to execute an algorithm needed to respond to background sounds within a tenth of a second.
The unit measures a compact 6.125 inches x 7.5 inches x 5.5 inches and has a frequency range of 90Hz to 20,000Hz. A headphone jack enables private listening as well as connection to an external stereo or audio amplifier. Also included is an adjustable sleep timer. All that peace and quiet will cost you, though--$299.95 at Hammacher Schlemmer.
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NIH Research Matters
September 10, 2007
Gene Linked to Compulsive Behaviors in Mice
By disabling a single gene in mice, scientists have created animals with symptoms that mimic those of people with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The researchers showed that the abnormal behaviors and brain functions could be reversed by either restoring a normal version of the gene in the mouse brain or by giving the animals a medication commonly used for human OCD.
OCD affects an estimated 2.2 million American adults. The disorder is marked by persistent intrusive thoughts (like an obsession with germs), repetitive actions (like compulsive hand-washing) and anxiety. It is typically treated with drugs known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). These medications, however, are effective for only about half of patients with OCD.
In the new study, reported in the August 23, 2007, issue of Nature, the scientists used genetic engineering to create mice that lacked the SAPAP3 gene. SAPAP3 makes a protein that helps brain cells communicate via the glutamate chemical system. Most previous studies of OCD have focused on dysfunctions of other signaling molecules in the brain, like serotonin and dopamine. The researchers were thus surprised to discover OCD-like behaviors in the mice they'd created.
The mice seemed normal at first. But within a few months they began to engage in compulsive grooming, much like people with a form of OCD marked by compulsive hair pulling. Excessive grooming caused the mice to develop bald patches with open sores on their heads. They also exhibited anxiety-like behaviors. Further study showed that the mice had defects in a key brain circuit previously implicated in human OCD.
"The parallels with OCD were pretty striking," says Dr. Guoping Feng of Duke University. His research team was funded in part by NIH's National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS).
The scientists found that the animals responded to treatment with SSRIs, much like their human counterparts. The medication reduced both the excessive grooming and anxiety-like behaviors. The researchers also discovered that they could protect mice from developing OCD-like behaviors by injecting normal copies of the SAPAP3 gene into a brain region known as the striatum. The injections, they showed, corrected the malfunctioning circuitry in the striatum.
"Since this is the first study to directly link OCD-like behaviors to abnormalities in the glutamate system in a specific brain circuit, it may lead to new targets for drug development," Feng says. He and his colleagues are now working with clinical investigators to see if variants in the human SAPAP3 gene may be related to different forms of OCD, including compulsive hair-pulling (trichotillomania).
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD):
- Trichotillomania (Compulsive Hair Pulling):
NIH Research Matters
Bldg. 31, Rm. 5B64A, MSC 2094
Bethesda, MD 20892-2094
About NIH Research Matters
Harrison Wein, Ph.D., Editor
Vicki Contie, Assistant Editor
NIH Research Matters is a weekly update of NIH research highlights from the Office of Communications and Public Liaison, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health.


text:
Exercise-25: Chopping wood
- Assume a sitting position with feet flat on the floor and knees fully bent and separated.
- Clasp the hands over the head with arms straight.
- Make chopping motions as if using an axe to chop wood.
- Inhale while raising the arms above the head.
- Exhale while bringing both arms dow.
- Repeat 10-20 times.
- Initially if squatting is difficult perform the asana from a standing position.
An ideal exercise for the chest and for exercising the sacral and vaginal muscles prior to child birth.


text:
The mission of the Department of Environmental Protection is to protect Bermuda's environment through monitoring, regulation and enforcement, and to promote the sustainable use of the Island's natural resources.
The strategic objectives of the Department are:
To provide direction and management in the formulation and implementation of environmental protection policy.
To provide legislation, policies, standards and enforcement to protect Bermuda's environment.
To conduct research and to monitor environmental quality.


login credentials during transmission. 1
It is also possible to configure web browsers to use an existing credentials cache (instead of requiring a user to re-enter their Kerberos username and password) by enabling GSSAPI SPNEGO. Transport layer encryption is not necessary if SPNEGO is used, but the client's browser must be properly configured.
 1. Create a principal and keytab for the web server:
 $ sudo kadmin.local
 kadmin> addprinc -randkey HTTP/webserver.example.com
 kadmin> ktadd -k /etc/apache2/auth/apache2.keytab HTTP/webserver.example.com
 kadmin> quit
 2. Set the keytab's permissions and ownership:
 $ sudo chown www-data:www-data /etc/apache2/auth/apache2.keytab
 $ sudo chmod 400 /etc/apache2/auth/apache2.keytab
 3. Install mod_auth_kerb:
 # sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-auth-kerb
 4. Update the Apache configuration file (generally available in /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/). Here access is restricted to /var/www.

 Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
 AllowOverride None
 Order allow,deny
 allow from all
 AuthType Kerberos
 AuthName "Kerberos Login"
 KrbAuthRealm EXAMPLE.COM
 Krb5Keytab /etc/apache2/auth/apache2.keytab
 KrbMethodK5Passwd off _TAG_--makes GSSAPI SPNEGO a requirement
 Require valid-user
To utilize existing an existing credentials cache (generated by kinit or a SSO login), the client's browser must be configured to use GSSAPI SPNEGO. The details of browser configuration varies. The following sections list resources for common browsers.
Internet Explorer
Integration with SASL
Several popular open source software packages (most notably OpenLDAPServer) use Kerberos as an authentication source via the SASL pluggable authentication framework. The following section describes how to install and configure SASL, and verify it is utilizing Kerberos correctly. The details of configuring a service to utilize SASL depend on the package; refer to the service's documentation for details.
Package Installation
We will need the SASL pluggable authentication framework, and the GSSAPI module for the Kerberos implementation in use. Here the MIT implementation is used. Run the following command on the server:
 1. Create a Kerberos service principal. Follow the naming conventions outlined in the Principals section.
 2. Generate a keytab for the service principal and securely transfer it to the server running the service. Restrict the keytab's file permissions as necessary.
 3. Configured the service to access the correct keytab. Many services will use the system keytab (/etc/krb5.keytab) by default. If the keytab for the service principal is not stored in the system keytab, the service must be configured to read the correct keytab. This is generally done by setting the environment variable KRB5_KTNAME:
 $ export KRB5_KTNAME=/path/to/keytab
 This command can often be added to the service's startup procedure by adding it to the service's defaults file in /etc/default.
Test and Troubleshoot
Configuration issues are common at this stage, so a test is in order, using the SASL sample client and server.
 1. Make sure the user running the sample server has permission to access to the appropriate keytab. If the keytab for the service principal is stored in a file other than the default system principal (/etc/krb5.keytab), you will need to set the environment variable KRB5_KTNAME:
 $ export KRB5_KTNAME=/path/to/keytab
 2. Start the SASL sample server on the server with the GSSAPI mechanism and the specified service:
 $ sasl-sample-server -m GSSAPI -s servicename
 3. In a separate terminal on the server, initialize a credentials cache for a user using kinit:
 $ kinit
 4. In the same terminal, start the SASL sample client:
 $ sasl-sample-client -s servicename -n server.fqdn -u user
 Replace "servicename" with the name of the service that is being tested.
 5. Copy the line beginning with "S: " from the server window to the client window and hit Enter. The client will generate a line beginning with "C: " that must be copy/pasted into the server window. This exchange must be repeated several times. The process should completely with no errors. Here is an example of a successful run from the server side (some lengthly strings elided):
 admin@server:~$ sasl-sample-server -m GSSAPI -s ldap
 Forcing use of mechanism GSSAPI
 Sending list of 1 mechanism(s)
 S: R1NTQVBJ
 Waiting for client mechanism...
 C: R1N...
 got 'GSSAPI'
 Sending response...
 S: YIG...
 Waiting for client reply...
 got ''
 Sending response...
 S: YD8G...
 Waiting for client reply...
 C: YEc...
 got '...'
 Negotiation complete
 Username: user
 Realm: (NULL)
 SSF: 56
 sending encrypted message'srv message 1'
 S: AAAAS...
 Waiting for encrypted message...
 C: AAAAU...
 got ''
 recieved decoded message 'client message 1'
 The same run, from the client's side:
 user@server:~$ sasl-sample-client -s ldap -n ldap.server.fqdn -u user
 Waiting for mechanism list from server...
 S: R1NTQVBJ
 recieved 6 byte message
 Choosing best mechanism from: GSSAPI
 returning OK: user
 Using mechanism GSSAPI
 Preparing initial.
 Sending initial response...
 C: R1N...
 Waiting for server reply...
 S: YIG...
 recieved 153 byte message
 Waiting for server reply...
 S: YD8...
 recieved 65 byte message
 Sending response...
 C: YEc...
 Negotiation complete
 Username: user
 SSF: 56
 Waiting for encoded message...
 S: AAAAS...
 recieved 77 byte message
 recieved decoded message'srv message 1'
 sending encrypted message 'client message 1'
 C: AAAAU...
 Address any error messages before continuing. The Troubleshooting section of _URL_ contains several common failure modes and their solutions.
 6. Repeat the same process with the sample server running on the server and the sample client running on a host that will need to access the service.
Kerberos is fairly fault-tolerant, if the requisite services are in place. If Kerberos authentication fails, check the following:
 1. The user has a valid ticket (use klist).
 2. Basic network connectivity is available (use ping).
 3. Forward DNS hostname lookup succeeds on both the KDC and the local machine.
 4. Reverse DNS lookup succeeds on both the KDC and local machine, or rdns is set to false in krb5.conf
 5. The clocks of the KDC and local machine are synchronized.
 6. The file permissions for various critical files such as /etc/krb5.keytab are correct and accessible by the user or service in question. sudo -u can be helpful for this.
Following the KDC logs while attempting an operation can also be very informative. The following lines in /etc/krb5kdc/kdc.conf will enable KDC logging:
 kdc = FILE:/var/log/krb5kdc.log
If you had to edit kdc.conf to enable logging, restart the KDC to apply the changes:
$ sudo service krb5-kdc restart
Once logging is enabled, you can follow the log while attempting an operation:
$ sudo tail -f /var/log/krb5kdc.log
Further Reading
Parts of this document are derived from the SingleSignOn and Samba/Kerberos documentation. Many thanks to the authors of both documents.
Kerberos (last edited 2014-11-18 22:29:21 by eztenia)


text:
Optical Coherence Tomography, or 'OCT', is a technique for obtaining sub-surface images of translucent or opaque materials at a resolution equivalent to a low-power microscope. It is effectively 'optical ultrasound', imaging reflections from within tissue to provide cross-sectional images.
OCT is attracting interest among the medical community, because it provides tissue morphology imagery at much higher resolution (better than 10 µm) than other imaging modalities such as MRI or ultrasound.
The key benefits of OCT are:
- Live sub-surface images at near-microscopic resolution
- Instant, direct imaging of tissue morphology
- No preparation of the sample or subject
- No ionizing radiation
OCT delivers high resolution because it is based on light, rather than sound or radio frequency. An optical beam is directed at the tissue, and a small portion of this light that reflects from sub-surface features is collected. Note that most light is not reflected but, rather, scatters off at large angles. In conventional imaging, this diffusely scattered light contributes background that obscures an image. However, in OCT, optical coherence is used to record the optical path length of received photons allowing rejection of most photons that scatter multiple times before detection. Thus OCT can build up clear 3D images of thick samples by rejecting background signal while collecting light directly reflected from surfaces of interest.
Within the range of noninvasive three-dimensional imaging techniques that have been introduced to the medical research community, OCT as an echo technique is similar to ultrasound imaging. Other medical imaging techniques such as computerized axial tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, or positron emission tomography do not utilize the echo-location principle.
The technique is limited to imaging 1 to 2 mm below the surface in biological tissue, because at greater depths the proportion of light that escapes without scattering is too small to be detected. No special preparation of a biological specimen is required, and images can be obtained 'non-contact' or through a transparent window or membrane. It is also important to note that the laser output from the instruments is low – eye-safe near-infra-red light is used – and no damage to the sample is therefore likely.


Thinking of You Icon
Thinking of You
Let someone know you're thinking of them with custom images and personalized audio messages.
Hear a sample of Thinking of You
"Alexa, open Thinking of You."
Alexa: John wants to let you know he's thinking of you. 'I want you to know that you're the best kind of friend. Thank you for being thoughtful, patient, and inspiring. I don't know what I'd do without your love and support, and for that, I'm eternally grateful.'
#### Themes Choose a theme as a starting point, each with unique images and messages you can use as is or customize with your own photos and voice recordings. #### How to create 1. Choose a Theme 2. Choose between Alexa-narrated messages, or record your own 90 second greeting 3. Select a background image from our library, or upload your own 4. Add a caption 5. Pick a name for your skill 6. Send your greeting card to others by sharing your skill with the recipient. Once, they enabled the skill, they can use it on their Alexa-enabled devices. #### How to use Let the recipient know how to ask Alexa for their personalized greeting, or surprise them by asking Alexa to open your skill.


text:
There are a number of molecules present in the world. Out of which the molecules which are mostly used and are of high varietyarecarbon. You may find a number of carbon derivatives if you study chemistry. Even in your daily, life, you use a number of carbon derivatives that you do know now about. Today this article is here to provide withu with some information about such a derivative of carbon that is highly beneficial for the world. The carbon derivative is known as C60 Fullerenes.
This carbon derivative is hexagonal in shape when seen single but it is generally a bond between various carbon atoms. This carbon derivative come is several bonded shapes like a cube, circle, cylinder etc. Now let's talk about the uses of this carbon derivative. Following are the uses of this carbon derivative is stated.
- Anticancer moleculeThis carbon derivative works as a great weapon to make the carcinogenic cells inactive. By making the inactive oxygen molecules active. This is why this derivative has been widely accepted throughout the world for treating cancer patients.
- Anti-radiation moleculeThis derivative did not allow the harmful radiation to damage your body cells. Because this derivative can work in replacement of the dangerous ray radiating molecules. This is why it can also be used in the exchange forradiation therapy for a cancer patient.
- ReplaceselectrocatalystsThis derivative can function as an electrocatalyst and can be used as a fuel.
- Storing gas – This derivative can also be used to store different gasses because of their unusual bonding.
- Great antioxidantsThis derivative is a great antioxidant. It can react with various radicals and also make a shield to resist the dangerous radicals.
- Used for strengthening metalsFullerenes has a great power to boost up the function of a metal. It greatly strengthens various metalscheck into the site for more information.
These are the basic functions of C60 fullerenes. You can also get to hear someday that fullerenes can also give rise to diamond since diamond is a derivative of carbon. The invention of fullerenes is making a huge profit to the world. You can also find fullerenes in your daily use product in some other name because those are the derivatives of fullerenes. It is not easy to purchase this derivative because it is highly reactive and can only be used in laboratories. There are a number of laboratories who are randomly producing fullerene. You need to search in the popular search engines to know about fullerene and it's sellers.


Documentation Center
 - Trials
 - Product Updates
Plot Bode frequency response with additional plot customization options
h = bodeplot(sys)
bodeplot(..., plotoptions)
h = bodeplot(sys) plot the Bode magnitude and phase of the dynamic system model sys and returns the plot handle h to the plot. You can use this handle to customize the plot with the getoptions and setoptions commands.
bodeplot(sys) draws the Bode plot of the model sys. The frequency range and number of points are chosen automatically.
bodeplot(sys1,sys2,...) graphs the Bode response of multiple models sys1,sys2,... on a single plot. You can specify a color, line style, and marker for each model, as in
bodeplot(AX,...) plots into the axes with handle AX.
bodeplot(..., plotoptions) plots the Bode response with the options specified in plotoptions. Type
help bodeoptions
for a list of available plot options. See Example 2 for an example of phase matching using the PhaseMatchingFreq and PhaseMatchingValue options.
bodeplot(sys,w) draws the Bode plot for frequencies specified by w. When w = {wmin,wmax}, the Bode plot is drawn for frequencies between wmin and wmax (in rad/TimeUnit, where TimeUnit is the time units of the input dynamic system, specified in the TimeUnit property of sys.). When w is a user-supplied vector w of frequencies, in rad/TimeUnit, the Bode response is drawn for the specified frequencies.
See logspace to generate logarithmically spaced frequency vectors.
Example 1
Use the plot handle to change options in a Bode plot.
sys = rss(5);
h = bodeplot(sys);
% Change units to Hz and make phase plot invisible
Example 2
The properties PhaseMatchingFreq and PhaseMatchingValue are parameters you can use to specify the phase at a specified frequency. For example, enter the following commands.
sys = tf(1,[1 1]);
h = bodeplot(sys) % This displays a Bode plot.
Use this code to match a phase of 750 degrees to 1 rad/s.
p = getoptions(h);
p.PhaseMatching = 'on';
p.PhaseMatchingFreq = 1;
p.PhaseMatchingValue = 750; % Set the phase to 750 degrees at 1
 % rad/s.
setoptions(h,p); % Update the Bode plot.
The first bode plot has a phase of -45 degrees at a frequency of 1 rad/s. Setting the phase matching options so that at 1 rad/s the phase is near 750 degrees yields the second Bode plot. Note that, however, the phase can only be -45 + N*360, where N is an integer, and so the plot is set to the nearest allowable phase, namely 675 degrees (or 2*360 - 45 = 675).
Example 3
Compare the frequency responses of identified state-space models of order 2 and 6 along with their 2 std confidence regions.
load iddata1
w = linspace(8,10*pi,256);
h = bodeplot(sys1,sys2,w);
setoptions(h, 'PhaseMatching', 'on', 'ConfidenceRegionNumberSD', 2);
Use the context menu by right-clicking Characteristics > Confidence Region to turn on the confidence region characteristic.
Example 4
Compare the frequency response of a parametric model, identified from input/output data, to a nonparametric model identified using the same data.
 1. Identify parametric and non-parametric models based on data.
 load iddata2 z2;
 w = linspace(0,10*pi,128);
 sys_np = spa(z2,[],w);
 sys_p = tfest(z2,2);
 spa and tfest require System Identification Toolbox™ software. sys_np is a non-parametric identified model. sys_p is a parametric identified model.
 2. Create a Bode plot that includes both systems.
 opt = bodeoptions; opt.PhaseMatching = 'on';
 bodeplot(sys_np,sys_p,w, opt);
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text:
Math Wizardry for Kids, 2nd Edition
This new edition of Math Wizardry for Kids is designed to demonstrate to young readers that numbers are fascinating to ponder, fun to calculate, and the key to scientific understanding.
Children explore concepts such as Fibonacci numbers, which dramatically express symmetries in shapes and number patterns in plant life and other aspects of nature. Among the new, recommended activities for young readers are experiments with time such as measuring the earth's rotation, making a sundial to measure daylight hours, and suggestions for experimenting with a time-telling pendulum.
Additional projects include constructing ciphers and cracking codes, managing money, devising a stock market game, and thinking like a computer. The authors' suggested tools for becoming a math wizard include plenty of paper, pencils, a ruler, a drawing compass, a directional compass, a protractor, a triangle, a simple calculator, a notebook, and miscellaneous art supplies.


text:
As a biomedical area, the association between diet and cancer is at about the same stage of development as was diet and atherosclerotic vascular disease 20 years ago. We have tantalizing epidemiologic observations, which, along with dietary studies utilizing experimental animals, suggest that a variety of dietary components may modulate the transformation and promotion stages of carcinogenesis.
Among these are the energy nutrients, several vitamins and minerals, and nonnutrient substances, which are both natural and inadvertent constituents of the food supply. This diversity of agents, as well as the observations that many individual factors are site-specific in their effect on target organs, makes this a complex field indeed.
The first chapter of this book presents an overview of the entire field and is a good summary of the scope of the problem. The subsequent sections are based on the several categories of individual nutrients. Each furnishes an extensive and technical,


Set, uniq, Object comparison
Ne, 14.7.2019 - 20:57
This is the first article of my small series of Node.js performance benchmark tinkering.
Have you ever wondered what is the fastest way to get Array with unique items?
What to keep in mind
I wanted to compare 3 ways to make Array with unique items/values. I've used Set(), lodash.uniq, and plain js Object. Array was filled by semi random strings Math.floor(Math.random() * 100) + 'asdf'.
I've tested this only on Node.js v12, and everything is just benchmark, so on production data it can look completely different. Only ops per second performance was tested, nothing else, no memory and so on.
How I tested this
I've used benchmark module to run test scenarios. The code snippets benchmarked look like this
// Set
const set = d => () => [ Set(d)]
// lodash.uniq
const lodash = d => () => uniq(d)
// Object
const object = d => () => {
 const n = {}
 for (const a of d) {
 if (!n[a]) {
 n[a] = true
 return Object.keys(n)
First I've tried to try this just with one length of an array, like array with 1000 items. Then I figured out, it might be interesting to run it on different lengths and see how performance changes. So in the end I've run everything in arrays of length 1 to ~200 000 items (see the gist).
And now, what I found
The graph shows performance comparison to Set as a baseline. How to read this? For 1 item uniq is 2x faster than Set, and for ~100 items in array, Set is 5x faster than uniq and more than 2x faster than Object.
Set, uniq, Object comparison
What strikes me as interesting is that drop in uniq and object performance somewhere between ~10 and ~1000 items. Any learnings from this? If you need to uniq array with primitive values, it's safe to use Set() and you don't need to care about the length of the array. When you want to optimize for the size of an array, for small ones [1;~10], use uniq, for middle [~10, ~500] size use Set, and for anything larger use Object.
Some Open questions:
 - How will this behave on different version of Node.js, is the performance comparison the same?
 - What is the impact on memory, what's the heap size of Set compared to Object?
 - Is there a difference if the array is presorted?
You can find full benchmark here on my gist. And raw results values in google spreadsheet (tab set uniq object).