text:
Akebia quinata, native to Japan, China and Korea, tend to be grown as ornamentals but do produce incredible fruit that look like a sort of cross between a fig and an aubergine. The problem with growing them in the UK is that they flower in early spring when late frosts can damage the pollen and there are few pollinating insects about anyway, and so they rarely fruit in this country. I have two of these in my garden, and both did flower last year, so I'm going to have a go at hand pollination next year. I've been told the fruit's pulp has a mild custard-like flavour.
The plant is commonly known as "Chocolate Vine", because of its sweetly-scented chocolatey purple flowers that will appear if the climate is not too harsh. They are a beautiful plant regardless, climbing vigorously, and although they are deciduous their leaves are often retained in mild winters, turning various shades of bronze.
Akebias are widely used in Chinese medicine; a decoction of the plant's woody stem is used as a diuretic, as it contains high levels of potassium salts, and is also administered to breastfeeding mothers to increase lactation.


String.Compare Method (String, String, Boolean)
Compares two specified String objects, ignoring or honoring their case, and returns an integer that indicates their relative position in the sort order.
Namespace: System
Assembly: mscorlib (in mscorlib.dll)
public static int Compare(
 string strA,
 string strB,
 bool ignoreCase
Type: System.String
The first string to compare.
Type: System.String
The second string to compare.
Type: System.Boolean
true to ignore case during the comparison; otherwise, false.
Return Value
Type: System.Int32
Less than zero
strA is less than strB.
strA equals strB.
Greater than zero
strA is greater than strB.
Caution noteCaution
When comparing strings, you should call the Compare method, which requires that you explicitly specify the type of string comparison that the method uses. For more information, see Best Practices for Using Strings in the.NET Framework.
static bool IsFileURI(String path)
static bool IsFileURI(String path)
The following example demonstrates how this Compare method is equivalent to using ToUpper or ToLower when comparing strings.
 // Null terminated ASCII characters in an sbyte array
 String szAsciiUpper = null;
 sbyte[] sbArr1 = new sbyte[] { 0x41, 0x42, 0x43, 0x00 };
 // Instruct the Garbage Collector not to move the memory
 fixed(sbyte* pAsciiUpper = sbArr1)
 szAsciiUpper = new String(pAsciiUpper);
 String szAsciiLower = null;
 sbyte[] sbArr2 = { 0x61, 0x62, 0x63, 0x00 };
 // Instruct the Garbage Collector not to move the memory
 fixed(sbyte* pAsciiLower = sbArr2)
 szAsciiLower = new String(pAsciiLower, 0, sbArr2.Length);
 // Prints "ABC abc"
 Console.WriteLine(szAsciiUpper + " " + szAsciiLower);
 // Compare Strings - the result is true
 Console.WriteLine("The Strings are equal when capitalized? " +
 (String.Compare(szAsciiUpper.ToUpper(), szAsciiLower.ToUpper())==0?"true":"false") );
 // This is the effective equivalent of another Compare method, which ignores case
 Console.WriteLine("The Strings are equal when capitalized? " +
 (String.Compare(szAsciiUpper, szAsciiLower, true)==0?"true":"false") );
.NET Framework
.NET Framework Client Profile
Supported in: 4, 3.5 SP1
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Community Additions
© 2014 Microsoft


text:
The benchmark class, also referred to as a "harness hook" is the actual program or script that defines the process of executing the benchmark. Every benchmark deployment requires a benchmark class. However, if your benchmark is written using the Faban harness, the class com.sun.faban.harness.DefaultFabanBenchmark2 will be your default harness hook and the benchmark class is optional. DefaultFabanBenchmark2 defines the process of how to run a benchmark written using the Faban driver framework. A benchmark class is annotated using annotations. They are defined in the package com.sun.faban.harness. Since annotations are not inherited when subclassed, we need to explicitly annotate the relevant methods if you extend DefaultFabanBenchmark2.
Your own benchmark class is only required if you are using a non-Faban benchmark or if you want to customize and control the behaviour of a Faban benchmark that is different from the default. The sample web101 benchmark includes a hook in src/samples/web1/harness/WebBenchmark.java. The hook is a java class that extends com.sun.faban.harness.DefaultFabanBenchmark2 and adds annotated methods to configure and post process the benchmark run. You can customize, configure or subclass the other annotated methods to include any additional tasks that need to be done prior to or after these operations. For example, if the benchmark requires that some script be executed (say to clean out some files) before the start of a run, the start() method can be modified to execute the script before calling super.start(). This can also be done in the method annotated with _USER_ (see the next section).
The benchmark class can be created in the package of your choice and must be placed into the Java source tree of your project. The provided build script will pick up all classes in the source tree and compile and package them properly for deploying into the Faban harness.
The benchmark class is implemented as a plain old Java object (Pojo) with annotated methods and referenced in the benchmark deployment descriptor benchmark.xml explained later under Benchmark Deployment. The benchmark annotations used for the benchmark class are defined in com.sun.faban.harness. The followings are the annotations used:
The method annotated with _USER_ is called for validating the benchmark configuration file. It is the first method called when the benchmark starts after initialization of the benchmark class. No other facility or remote Faban agents are started before or while the validate method is in progress. The validate method is used to validate the benchmark configuration to ensure that it is not only syntactically valid (done by the xml parser) but also semantically valid. It also the only place you may, edit, change, or complete the configuration file.
For integrations of existing benchmarks or workloads, it is a
practice to use XSL
stylesheets to translate the configuration file into the target
benchmark's configuration file. Thus it makes sense to translate the
configuration files in the validate method and this is
also a way to ensure the configuration file is correct. Such code can
be found in the SPECWeb2005
integration example provided in the samples directory of the
The method annotated with _USER_ is the one that gets called after the Faban infrastructure, including remote agents are set up. Having these in place allows you to make remote calls to configure or set up the benchmarking environment. This method is however called before the services, if any are started. The method implementation will commonly contain logic to prepare and reconfigure remote servers or other supporting processes to run the benchmark. For benchmarks written using the Faban driver framework, you may want to subclass the DefaultFabanBenchmark2 and provide a method with this annotation to prepare your rig.
The method annotated with _USER_ is called just before starting the run. The method implementation will commonly contain calls to prepare and reload data required to run the benchmark, etc. Those functions will need all the services to be up and available. Off-line data reload may be better done in configure. For benchmarks written using the Faban driver framework, you may want to subclass the DefaultFabanBenchmark2 and provide a method with this annotation.
The method annotated with _USER_ actually starts the benchmark driver. You will need to ensure all the driver processes on all driver systems get started, and - if feasible - enter the rampup state before returning from this method as the tools timer will get started immediately after this method terminates.
Generally, benchmarks written using the Faban driver framework will not need to override this method. However, in rare circumstances - such as starting processes not controlled by the driver framework, i.e. emulators, - you'll want to override this method. Just make sure you make a call to super.start().
The method annotated with _USER_ is called sometime after the
terminates. The implementation of the end method must wait for the
driver processes to terminate before proceeding.
The method annotated with _USER_ is called after the end method. This may do some post-processing of the benchmark and/or tools results. For benchmarks written using the Faban driver framework, you may want to subclass the DefaultFabanBenchmark2 and provide a method with this annotation.
The method annotated with _USER_ is used by the Faban harness to signal premature termination of the benchmark. It provides the opportunity to cleanup after the benchmark run. Most commonly, the kill method is left empty. Processes started by Faban's execution facilities are automatically terminated, except for daemons or other server processes over which Faban does not have control. Such processes may require explicit termination calls.
The RunContext is the central point for getting information about the run. All methods in RunContext are static. We suggest a static import of all methods in this class:
Then you'll be able to call the RunContext without referring to the RunContext class, which looks just like function calls. You can use the RunContext to obtain information about the benchmark run as well as executing commands on local or remote agents.
The ParamRepository represents the XML configuration file and allows obtaining configuration parameters using an XPath pointing to the parameter. It also allows manipulating and modifying the configuration file (effective only in the validate method) and saving it back to the run using the setParameter and save methods. To obtain the ParamRepository, just call getParamRepository(). This is a method of the RunContext. With the static import above, the benchmark class can refer to this method without providing a reference to the RunContext class.
The ParamRepository provides several methods to access the XML structure within it. Most accesses require an XPath string to locate the parameter. It also provides methods that automatically parse list of strings in the elements, or even parse host:port pairs in the hostport fields frequently used for addressing server instances. Please refer to the ParamRepostory javadocs for more detail, and the configuration file documentation for specific fields used by different Faban components, such as the host:port fields.
The RunContext provides two sets of methods for execution: 1) The exec methods can be used to execute any operating system or shell command. 2) The java methods are used to execute java commands inheriting the classpaths and other java command line parameters from the Faban environment. Both methods make use of the Faban command infrastructure to remotely start processes and execute commands. To construct a command, you will need to create a new Command object. The Command object constructor takes 3 types of parameters:
For any given command, the execution search path for scripts and binaries are as follows, in order:
Please also note that the commands may be re-mapped on an OS-specific command map infrastructure. If a command is mapped, the result follows the search path above.
The command map allows mapping commands called by the Faban harness and the benchmark class to some OS-Specific commands. The command map file is an XML file located at the following location:
The following is an example command map file we use for Solaris. It resides in the $FABAN_HOME/config/SunOS/cmdmap.xml directory:

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Pub. date: 2009 | Online Pub. Date: January 26, 2009 | DOI: 10.4135/9781412964623 | Print ISBN: 9781412936361 | Online ISBN: 9781412964623| Publisher:SAGE Publications, Inc.About this encyclopedia
Tracey Michael Lewis
The Ijaw people of the West African country of Nigeria who practice traditional religion indigenous to their culture believe that the Earth was created by a female deity named Woyengi, the "Great Mother." The creation story of Woyengi testifies to her standing fiercely on the edge of the universe and observing an Earth filled with animals and vegetation, but nothing else. In the void, Woyengi descended to the Earth on a ray of lightning. At the end of her journey, the goddess stood before a table, chair, and flat stone and, with the mud of the Earth, created human dolls that were neither male nor female. She then filled their lungs with the...

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


An order book displays all buy and sell orders an exchange has for a certain trading pair. The top section of an order book displays the "Sell" orders, also known as "Asks". The bottom section shows the "Buy" orders, known as "Bids".
Tip: You can click an item in the order book to pre-fill the price in the order entry form as a convenient way to enter the price at which you'd like to buy/sell.
In the middle, the last price at which an order was filled is shown. In the example above, this is 3647.48 for BTC/USDT at Binance. The value shown next to it is this price converted to your preferred currency (in this case USD). Since the price of USDT is not always exactly 1 USD, the converted price is usually different.
For each row in the order book, you can see the Size or the amount available at the Price shown, and the resulting total (price x size). This gives you a sense for the depth of the order book.
As visual guide, the green and red bars on the left show the relative size of each price/size entry in the order book. The larger the bar, the greater the combined size of the orders at a certain price point. This is a convenient way to visualize any buy/sell walls.
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official offer until you receive these two things.
Will you let me know if I am missing parts of my application?
The online application system will highlight the required elements of the application that have not been completed. You will not be able to submit your final application until all the requirement elements have been provided.
How does the selection process work?
To be considered, an applicant must meet all eligibility criteria and have submitted an application comprising all required materials. Prior to the merit assessment and evaluation, an initial review of all applications will be conducted to verify applicant eligibility and ensure all the required application materials have been provided. Applications will then be subject to a merit review process and selection process. From the highly reviewed applications, project advisors at the host laboratories select those applicants whose skills, knowledge, and research interests are best aligned with the technical projects available to interns for the pending CCI term.
How are applications judged?
Applications will be assessed based upon the applicant's performance in completed academic coursework in science, technology, engineering, or mathematics (STEM); strength of recommendation letters; expressed technical interests; and the applicant's background, experience, accomplishments, and interests as they relate to the R&D programs at the host laboratories.
Why am I asked if I have participated in any other DOE programs? Does answering yes to this question help or hurt my chances of being selected?
Your response to this question will not affect the selection process for your application. DOE collects this for internal information purposes only to gauge whether applicants know about or have participated in other DOE programs.
What are my chances of getting selected?
The chances of being selected depend on many factors: the total number of applications submitted, the number of applications requesting the same first and second choice laboratory placements, the number of available internship opportunities at each laboratory, and the availability of funds. These factors vary each year so it is not possible to determine an individual's chances of being selected for any given application cycle.
Is this program only for technology, science, engineering, mathematics, or computer science majors?
The CCI program focuses on providing technical internships in areas of science, engineering and technology relevant to and supported by the Department of Energy R&D programs. While applicants are not required to major in areas of technology, science, engineering, mathematics or computer science, applicants who demonstrate education, aptitude, and interest in these fields will be most competitive.
When and how will I find out if I've been selected?
You will receive an e-mail message from DOE notifying you of your selection. The status page of your application account will also indicate you have been selected for an internship offer. This will be followed by an email with a more detailed offer package from the host DOE Laboratory's education office including an appointment letter and other documents explaining the details of your appointment. Please make sure the email address on your account is current and check your status page frequently after February 1st as you will only have 10 days in which to accept an offer once it has been made.
The offer may come from your first or second choice laboratory. You will only receive one offer during the application cycle. If you do not accept the offer, an additional or alternative offer will not be given.
Laboratory project advisors are not authorized to make appointment offers to you directly. Official notification must come first from DOE and then from the laboratory education office.
If I decline an offer from my first choice laboratory will I be considered by the second choice laboratory?
No. If you decline an offer you will not be extended another offer.
If I don't get selected this time, will my application be reviewed again next year automatically or do I have to reapply?
You must reapply.
If I request a certain field of study am I guaranteed to be placed in it if I am accepted into the program?
DOE tries to match to the extent possibl, the applicant's technical interests with available projects and advisors at the DOE National Laboratories, but this is not always possible. Please also keep in mind that project advisors read your applications carefully and look for students who they think would benefit from being in their lab or project group.
What if I can only participate for a portion of the appointment period due to other commitments?
Participation requires a full time commitment for the duration of the appointment period. You should plan to be at the facility full time and avoid obligations that will interrupt your appointment. Summer appointments are for 10 weeks.
Is there any flexibility in start and end dates?
Appointments are for 10 weeks. Although you must participate for the entire appointment period, you may have flexibility at some laboratories for start and end dates. Some DOE laboratories may have set dates. If you are extended an offer and you have restricted availability, check with the laboratory to see if it can accommodate you.
Do I get any vacation during the appointment period?
The program does not include vacation or sick leave. You are not expected to be present on days that your laboratory is closed due to a holiday. Most research advisors will help you design a schedule that is mutually agreeable.
How often do I receive a stipend payment and where does it come from?
You will receive your stipend check according to a pre-arranged schedule from the DOE laboratory hosting and administering your appointment. It varies from lab to lab. Once you have accepted an offer, you will be given a pay schedule.
What is my tax liability for the stipend I am paid as a participant in this program?
DOE cannot give participants tax advice. All stipends paid to you are reported to the Internal Revenue. Some laboratories do not withhold taxes from these payments; participants at these labs should give consideration to filing Form 1040-ES on a quarterly basis and paying estimated income taxes in order to avoid late payment penalties. Participants should consult a tax expert with their questions.
What kind of travel reimbursement will I receive?
You will be reimbursed for inbound and outbound travel between your home or school and the appointment site, if the distance is more than 50 miles one way. Reimbursements are made according to the standard travel policy of the DOE laboratory administering your appointment.
Where will I live?
It depends on the host DOE laboratory. Some sites have housing already arranged or have onsite housing; at others you need to arrange it yourself (these sites generally provide information to help you.). The program generally provides either a housing allowance or pre-arranged housing. Housing allowances are taxable. In some cases, your housing situation may result in costs to you over and above the housing allowance. In some cases, students who live within 50 miles of the host site are not eligible for housing or housing allowances.
Can I receive undergraduate credit for my internship?
You will need to check with your college to see if your research experience qualifies for college credit. DOE and the laboratory that administers your appointment can provide you with the appropriate documentation if your college does provide this option.
Does the program pay any tuition costs I might incur while participating if I am taking this for college credit?
No. Tuition and fees incurred during your participation in the program are not reimbursable.
By participating in this program, do I become an employee of the host laboratory, or DOE?
This varies from lab to lab. At some laboratories you will be considered a temporary employee. At others you will be considered a program participant and will not enter into an employer/employee relationship with the host laboratory, or DOE.
Do I have to prepare a report or give a presentation at the end of my appointment?
Yes, you will be asked to prepare a project report, in consultation with your project advisor. You will also be required to provide a poster or oral presentation. Laboratories will arrange poster sessions for students or require oral presentations at the end of the appointment.
What should I expect from the mentoring relationship at the laboratory?
Your project advisor should provide the following: on-going technical guidance and advice; appropriate materials, equipment, technical and clerical support, and office space for you to perform your technical project activities; and a professional and stimulating intellectual atmosphere.
Whom should I contact if I have problems which I have been unable to resolve on-line?
You can send your questions to DOE here.
What forms of government issued photo-identification do host institutions accept?
The 2005 REAL ID Act prohibits Federal Agencies from accepting non-REAL-ID Act compliant driver's licenses as proof of identity for access to restricted (i.e., non-public access) areas of their facilities.
The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has determined that regular driver's licenses (and ID cards) from the following jurisdictions are not acceptable (current as of October, 15, 2014):
 - American Samoa, Arizona, Louisiana, Maine, Minnesota, New York, Oklahoma, Washington
Acceptable alternate forms of Photo-ID include:
 - U. S. Passport or Passport Card
 - An Enhanced Driver's License or Enhanced ID-Card issued by the states of Minnesota, New York, or Washington
 - A military ID or other government issued Photo-ID card
For the latest information on the REAL ID act, including states currently issuing non-compliant ID documents, please visit:
What is the source of funding for this program?
The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science provides the funding for this program.
Why is the DOE involved in education?
For over 60 years the Department of Energy has supported the education and training of scientists, engineers, and technology specialists to maintain the scientific and technical workforce needed to address the Department's and Nation's complex challenges in energy, national security, the environment, and discovery science.
How do I properly acknowledge WDTS support in publications or presentations?
To help maintain accountability and accuracy of its federally-mandated assessment and reporting functions, WDTS requires funded work to appropriately acknowledge its support in the presentations and publications resulting from its funding. When acknowledging WDTS support, please use the following statement - "This work was supported in


View Full Version : [Eberron 3.5] Aberrant Adept [PrC]
lvl 1 fighter
2009-08-06, 10:31 PM
Aberrant Adept
You cling to your notions of purity. The day will come when the true power of my mark is revealed! - Kel
The dragonmarked houses of Khorvaire were founded by members of each race that were blessed with true dragonmarks. Over the years the houses grew to dominate society, their dragonmark powers giving them an edge over the unmarked masses. Most dragonmarks are found within the houses though occasionally a creature not of a house may develop that houses dragonmark and be accepted as part of the house.
Not so with those who possess Aberrant Dragonmarks. No one is sure what causes the wild mutations, but some aspect of their power got twisted as the dragonmarked bloodlines were extended down through the generations. Aberrant Dragonmarks are unpredictable both in selection of race and in power. Rumors are whispered that the mutated dragonmarks are impure and twist the mind of the creature who bears it.
It is perhaps the unknown quality of aberrant dragonmarks that causes the most fear among the populace. Never knowing where one will appear, or what powers the individual will possess puts people on edge. Kept in the fear of the unknown by a lack of understanding, society casts out individuals with aberrant dragonmarks and shun them. Raised in a world that fears and distrusts them, the bearers of aberrant dragonmarks face struggle and persecution all their life, from all peoples.
A few individuals that possess an aberrant dragonmark have been able to increase the power of their dragonmark. Whether fueled by a desire to understand their own nature or merely seeking a way to gain power over those who harass them, aberrant adepts have found a way to cause further mutations of the dragonmark. Through study of the nature of dragonmarks and their relationship with the three dragons of legend, aberrant adepts are able to gain mastery over their dragonmarks and achieve power with them that people thought was not possible.
To qualify to become an aberrant adept, a character must meet these requirements.
Race: Member of a dragonmarked race
Skills: Knowledge Arcana 3 ranks, 7 ranks in any other skill
Feat: Aberrant Dragonmark
Class Skills
The aberrant adept's class skills (and the key ability for each skill) are Appraise (Int), Bluff (Cha), Concentration (Con), Diplomacy (Cha), Gather Information (Cha), Intimidate (Cha), Knowledge (arcana) (Int), Perform (Cha), Profession (Wis), Ride (Dex), Sense Motive (Wis), Speak Language (n/a), and Spellcraft (Int).
Skill Points per Level: 4 + Int modifier.
Hit Dice: d8
Aberrant Adept
{table=head]Level|Base Attack Bonus|Fort Save|Ref Save|Will Save|Special
+2|Lesser Aberrant Dragonmark, Stigma of the Aberration
+3|Mark of Aberration, Improved Least Aberrant Dragonmark
+3|Improved Lesser Aberrant Dragonmark
+4|Greater Aberrant Dragonmark
+4|Improved Greater Aberrant Dragonmark[/table]
Class Features
All of the following are class features of the aberrant adept.
Weapon and Armor Proficiency: Dragonmark heirs gain no proficiency with any weapons, armor, or shields.
Lesser Aberrant Dragonmark: As Dragonmark Heir, replace Lesser Dragonmark with Lesser Aberrant Dragonmark
Stigma of the Aberration: An Abberant Adept uses her level in this class as a bonus on Intimidate checks against creatures who possess a true dragonmark.
Mark of Aberration: At 2nd level Aberrant Adepts may select as a bonus feat any feat that has Aberrant Dragonmark as a prerequisite. The Aberrant Adept must meet all other requirements of the feat.
Improved Least Aberrant Dragonmark: As Dragonmark Heir.
Improved Lesser Aberrant Dragonmark: As Dragonmark Heir.
Greater Aberrant Dragonmark: As Dragonmark Heir, replace Greater Dragonmark with Greater Aberrant Dragonmark
Improved Greater Aberrant: As Dragonmark Heir.
The basic idea of the PrC is to modify the Dragonmark Heir and make it available for characters with Aberrant Dragonmarks. Aside from two skill changes and the two minor special abilities the two classes are essentially the same. I can't reproduce the text of most of the abilities of the Dragonmark Heir as the text isn't OGL. The mechanics work the same as the Dragonmark Heir abilities.
It's not meant to be a great creative, original work. It's just a reflavoring of the Dragonmark Heir class. Thought I'd share it with the playground.
2009-08-07, 10:41 AM
I was unaware that Aberrant Dragonmarks came in multiple levels the way House Dragonmarks do. Must have been in an expansion.
lvl 1 fighter
2009-08-07, 10:57 AM
The Lesser Aberrant Dragonmark and Greater Aberrant Dragonmark are in Dragonmarked (_URL_
2010-06-08, 08:35 PM
there's already a class for this called child of Khyber.
2010-06-08, 09:03 PM
Please check the last date posted before responding :smallbiggrin:
Thank you!


text:
From 1900 to the early 1920s, an unusual community existed in America's
heartland: Buxton, Iowa, established by the Consolidation Coal Company.
The majority of Buxton's five thousand residents were African Americans -- a
highly unusual racial composition for a state which was over 90 percent white.
At a time when both southern and northern blacks were disadvantaged and
oppressed, blacks in Buxton enjoyed true racial integration -- steady
employment, above-average wages, decent housing, and minimal discrimination. For
such reasons, Buxton was commonly known as "the black man's utopia in
Iowa." Now, eighty years after the town's demise, this truly
interdisciplinary history of a unique Iowa community remains a compelling story.
Buxton: A Black Utopia in the Heartland
by Dorothy Schwieder, Joseph Hraba, and Elmer Schwieder
Publisher: University of Iowa Press
Publication Date: 2003
Format: Trade Paperback, 256 pages
Book Type: New


Problem 49
Primary tabs
For b: [1], [2].
The Seifert conjecture asked if every non-singular flow on S3 has a periodic orbit. The answer is no by K. Kuperberg's construction.
The existence of a minimal flow on S3 is Gottschalk's conjecture and it is still an open problem.
For the first question, there are uniquely ergodic homeomorphisms of T^2 with positive entropy ( and minimal analytic diffeomorphisms with positive entropy in dimension 4 (
For a), Franks' semiconjugacy gives a negative answer:
 Take $F$ homotopic to $(2111)\times id$ and a lift of $\hat F$ to $R^2 x R.$ If $\{(x_n,t_n)\}$ is an $\hat F$ orbit, then $\{x_n\}$, its projection to $R^2$ is a bounded pseudo-orbit for the linear map $(2111)$ acting on $R^2$. Therefore, there is a unique orbit $\{y_n\}$ of $(2111)$ that shadows this pseudo-orbit. The map $x_0 \mapsto y_0$ is continuous, equivariant and bounded distance from the projection (therefore surjective). This is Franks' semiconjugacy which descends to a map $h: T^2 \times S^1 \to T^2$.
Now, the preimage of a fixed (or periodic) orbit of $(2111)$ in $T^2$ will give a closed invariant subset contradicting minimality.
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Ringer blocking attachment for telephones
United States Patent _PHONE_
A system for selectively ringing or actuating a telephone bell or any other desirable signal, or for alternatively actuating any functional device such as an alarm system, a timer, a radio, a coffee pot, etc., whereby when a telephone number is called, an auxiliary system automatically cuts in to prevent ringing or other actuation of the telephone bell or other signal device until a predetermined additional number or series of numbers are dialed or touch-toned at which time the telephone bell or other signal device is actuated or, alternatively, the functional device is actuated.
Application Number:
Publication Date:
Filing Date:
International Mobile Machines Corporation (Philadelphia, PA)
Primary Class:
Other Classes:
International Classes:
H04M1/665; H04M19/04; (IPC1-7): H04M3/42
Field of Search:
179/2A,5.5 34
View Patent Images:
Primary Examiner:
Stewart, David L.
Attorney, Agent or Firm:
Jacobs, Esq. Arthur A.
Parent Case Data:
This is a continuation-in-part of co-pending application Ser. No. 359,966, filed May 14, 1973 now U.S. Pat. No. 3,829,616, issued Aug. 13, 1974.
The invention claimed is
1. In a telephone system comprising a sender and a receiver, there being audio and ringer circuits between said sender and said receiver, said receiver having a ringer therein, an auxiliary network comprising a ring detector to selectively inhibit said ringer means, a ring disable means coupled to said ring detector means and a ring activator means coupled to said ring disable means, said ring detector means being adapted to receive an incoming ringer signal from said ringer circuit, convert said ringer signal to a disable signal and apply said disable signal to said ring disable means, said ring activator means being coupled to said sender to receive audio pulses from said sender, convert a predetermined number and sequence of said pulses into an actuating signal, and transmit said actuating signal to said ring disable means, thereby causing said ring disable means to activate said receiver ringer.
2. The system of claim 1 wherein an auxiliary ringer system is selectively coupled to said ring detector means, said auxiliary ringer system being adapted to be actuated by said ring disable means when said receiver ringer is deactivated and to be deactivated when said receiver ringer is activated.
3. The system of claim 1 wherein said ring activator means comprises a tone-decoder and comparitor network.
4. The system of claim 3 wherein said tone-decoder and comparitor network is also in circuit with auxiliary functions to selectively activate said functions upon receiving a predetermined number and sequence of pulses from said sender.
5. The system of claim 3 wherein the tone-decoder comprises a series of phase-locked loops that convert tones from the sender to digits, said loops being in circuit with corresponding banks of AND gates corresponding to the buttons on the touch-tone sender, said AND gates being in circuit with corresponding AND gates in said comparitor, the AND gates in said comparitor being constructed and arranged to generate an actuating signal upon being activated in predetermined number and sequence.
6. The system of claim 1 wherein said ring detector means comprises a rectifier in circuit with a transistor which is in circuit with a flip-flop, said rectifier being constructed and arranged to rectify an incoming ringer signal from the sender to trigger the transistor which thereupon moves the flip-flop to apply a disabling signal to a switch in the ring disable means, said switch being in circuit with the receiver ringer, said switch being alternately movable from a first position opening the circuit to the receiver ringer to a second position closing the circuit to the receiver ringer.
This invention relates to an attachment for a telephone, and it particularly relates to an attachment in the form of an auxiliary electronic network to selectively permit ringing of the telephone bell only when a specific code is dialed. This avoids the necessity of using unlisted numbers while still permitting the party to avoid answering undesirable calls.
In the aforesaid parent patent application, when the specific code was not dialed, it not only prevented the "phone" ringer from ringing but simultaneously actuated an auxiliary or simulator ringer which gave the caller the impression that the actual ringer system in the telephone was being actuated, whereas, in fact, it did not ring. This prevented the caller from guessing that an additional specific code was necessary. However, in some instances, it may be sufficient to eliminate the simulator ringer system so that no ringing occurs unless the correct code is dialed.
The above is accomplished merely by eliminating the relay and switch means connected to an auxiliary ringer in the system of the parent application or, alternatively, interposing a manually operative switch to cut off operation of the auxiliary ringer system when so desired.
FIG. 1 is a general diagrammatic view of a system embodying the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a more detailed schematic view of the auxiliary system used in the general system of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the ring detector and ring disable circuits of the auxiliary system.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the audio match circuit of the auxiliary system.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the tone decoder, a portion of the comparitor and switching circuits as well as of the touch tone board for operation of such circuits.
Referring now in greater detail to the figures of the drawings wherein similar reference characters refer to similar parts, there is shown in FIG. 1 a general system, designated 10, which comprises the standard red, green and yellow phone lines leading to the standard telephone 12. The red and green lines complete the audio circuit while the yellow line constitutes the ringing circuit. An auxiliary system embodying the present invention is designated 14 and is connected by lines 16 and 18 respectively to the green and red lines, whereby the audio circuit (red/green) wires are left connected to the phone, but the yellow line (ringer circuit) is cut and connected to the auxiliary system, as shown in FIG. 1. It is, of course, to be understood that the wire colors are arbitrary. These colors are here used merely because they are generally used in the Bell Telephone systems.
As illustrated in FIG. 2, when a person calls, and the auxiliary system is operative, the ringing pulse (90V, 20 cps) is the standard used in the Bell Telephone System, although any other may be used if desired) is applied through the yellow line 20 to a ring detector 22 while the audio pulses are applied through the red line 24 and green line 26 to an audio match and crossover unit 28. The ringer signal passes from detector 22 through the yellow line to a ring disable unit 30 from which a yellow line leads to the phone ringer 32. The audio signals pass through the unit 28 to a tone decoder 34 which convert the tones to digits and passes the digit pulses to a comparitor system 36 controlled by switch means 38. The ring disable unit 30 initially prevents the phone ringer from ringing while actuating a simulator ringer. However, when the correct digital code is sensed by the comparitor system, it passes a signal to the ring disable unit 30 whereby the simulator ringer is inactivated while the actual phone ringer is activated. The comparitor system can also be optionally connected to auxiliary functions such as lamps, ovens, radios, alarm systems, and the like to actuate these auxiliary functions indicated generally at 40.
As illustrated in FIG. 3, the ring detector 22 comprises an "off-on" switch 42 which is manually actuatable to activate or deactivate the system shown in FIG. 3. It is interposed in the yellow line and is in circuit with a rectifier 44 which rectifies the incoming ringer pulse. A filter capacitor is provided at 46. The rectified signal passes in two directions, one direction through line 48 and the other through line 50.
The pulse passing through line 48 triggers a variable 3 to 7 second timer 52 that passes a pulse to an AND gate 54 which, when a comparitor output is present, has been set as hereinafter described. The AND gate 54 fires to activate a relay 56 which causes a switch 58 that is normally closed against a contact 60 to move out of engagement with contact 60 and into engagement with a contact 62. The contact 62 is in circuit with the ringer in the phone and, when the switch engages contact 62 it closes the circuit to the phone ringer causing it to ring.
The pulse passing through line 50 actuates an inverter 64 and the signal therefrom passes to a flip-flop 66 which sets the AND gate 54.
The flip-flop 66 is coupled to a relay 70 adapted to actuate a switch 72, which is normally out of engagement with a contact 76, to move against the contact 76, thereby actuating a false or auxiliary ringer 78.
A manually operable switch 79 is interposed between the flip-flop 66 and the relay 70 and, when this switch 79 is open, the auxiliary ringer system is made inoperative. Alternatively, the relay 70, switch 72, contact 76 and ringer 78 may be entirely eliminated, in which case the switch 79 may also be eliminated.
In order to complete the call so as to actuate the ringer


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Stones are the most moving things on earth. People of all ages have been moved by them, as they are not only heavier than most other things, they also hold themselves together 'faster', and other things under them'more fast' than any other naturally occurring material on earth. It could be said that they are traveling through existence at something way heavier than the feeling of, or speed of, light ( lightness ).
Because of their great internal 'wait' (weight X negative velocity) they create these unique three-dimensional extremely dense gravitational fields which look more like what you and I would describe as rocks, but are really stationary fragments of invisible geological force fields.
Since they have such a timeless inherent inertia ( invisible self-contained inner movement ) they have often been perceived as merely motionless and inanimate but this is not the case. They rock! They roll. When their faults are exposed they make faces, They lie down in bedding planes, and'split' along certain lines and shift, fall, slide and drop whenever they get a chance, just to mention a few examples. If you've ever carefully studied a rock on one, you will know they travel around quite a bit on a 'freeze thaw cycle'.
'Rock on a freeze thaw cycle'
It may not seem like its moving, but it is.


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Considering the Diagram and Design Research
ResumoWhile there has been much written on the role of the drawing in architecture as aform of re-presentation and reflective practice, this paper argues that the diagram asa specific graphic type, is an essential generative component of design research andcentral to claims for innovation or the production of new knowledge throughcontemporary design, yet not understood in the context of design research moregenerally. As an abstract and highly idiosyncratic form of notation, the diagramuniquely situates innovation within visual forms of enquiry. This paper speculates onhow diagrams communicate, both internally to the discipline and externally to newextra-disciplinary research fields as a function of innovation, and in this sense, whatwork in terms of design research they do.Keywords: Architecture, diagram, Innovation, design research, representation
Oct 19, 2014
BURKE, Anthony. Considering the Diagram and Design Research. Revista Lusófona de Arquitectura e Educação, [S.l.], n. 11, p. 345 / 355, oct. 2014. ISSN _PHONE_. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 21 aug. 2017.


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The folks in the Riverwalk Bird Club don't just watch birds. The group includes some excellent photographers.
Nooga.com Outdoors is happy to share their great photos by featuring a Bird of the Week.
This week, we feature a white-breasted nuthatch, taken by Tim Jeffers.
—These agile little birds get their common name from their habit of jamming large nuts and acorns into tree bark, then whacking them with their sharp bill to "hatch" out the seed from the inside. White-breasted nuthatches may be small, but their voices are loud, and often, their insistent nasal yammering will lead you right to them.
—The white-breasted nuthatch is normally territorial throughout the year, with pairs staying together. The male has to spend more time looking out for predators when he's alone than while he's with his mate. That's the pattern for most birds and one reason why birds spend so much time in flocks. But the female nuthatch has to put up with the male pushing her aside from foraging sites, so she spends more time looking around (for him) when he's around than when she is alone.
—In winter, white-breasted nuthatches join foraging flocks led by chickadees or titmice, perhaps partly because it makes food easier to find and partly because more birds can keep an eye out for predators. One study found that when titmice were removed from a flock, nuthatches were more wary and less willing to visit exposed birdfeeders.
—If you see a white-breasted nuthatch making lots of quick trips to and from your feeder—too many for it to be eating them all—it may be storing the seeds for later in the winter by wedging them into furrows in the bark of nearby trees.
—The oldest known white-breasted nuthatch was 9 years, 10 months old.
This information is courtesy of the Cornell Lab of Ornithology.


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Online Lindy Hop Dance Lesson Pack: Texas Tommy: Beginner To Masters (4 lessons)
Title: Texas Tommy: Beginner to Masters
The Texas Tommy is a figure that many people learn early on in their dancing, and remains an important piece of their repertoire throughout their development. This lesson pack explores the wide range of options this versatile figure has to offer, from the simple to the very complex.
Dance genre: Lindy Hop


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Have you ever looked into your guinea pig's cage and noticed them flip over their house sometimes?
They might have a little hut, igloo, or hideout that they constantly tip over when they feel like it.
Most of the time a guinea pig can even look proud that they've done it, so why do guinea pigs flip over their house?
The main reasons why guinea pigs flip their house over are:
- Because they like to rearrange the things in their cage.
- They'll flip things over when they're mad.
- When they think their cage or house is too small.
- If they're trying to get a better angle so that they can chew on it.
So it's true that they can do it for a lot of different reasons, but luckily there are some easy ways to get them to stop if you don't want them to do it anymore.
Table of Contents
Why Does My Guinea Pig Flip Over Their House?
If you have a guinea pig that flips over their house then sometimes it can be a confusing behavior to see happen.
This is mainly because like most of their behaviors it can have multiple meanings when they do it.
The first reason why they'll knock over their little house is that some guinea pigs just like rearranging the items that are in their cage.
So this can happen when they don't like the spot that a certain item is in so they'll push it around and turn it over to how they want it.
It's fun and almost like a game for them and it's kind of like interior decorating for guinea pigs.
The second reason why they'll do it is when something around them it's starting to make them a little upset.
For example, if another guinea pig in the cage is harassing them, even playfully, then they may start to act out and begin to flip things over.
It can sometimes be hard to tell when your guinea pig is mad, but this can be one of the smaller signs that they are.
Another reason why a guinea pig will flip their house over is if they think that their cage or house is too small for them.
If they don't have enough room to run around and release all of their pent-up energy then you may see this happen.
It's the same with flipping over their little igloo or hut as well, because when they do this, for them it can seem like they're creating some extra space for themselves.
Guinea pigs will also flip over their house so that they can try to get a better angle to chew on it.
They will try to chew on any and everything that they can get their little hands on, so it's no surprise that they will try to chew on their house after they've tipped it over.
Is It Normal For A Guinea Pig To Flip Over Their House?
It is natural to want to know if their house flipping behavior is normal if you have ever seen your guinea pig do it.
It's one of those odd things that you'll see them do every now and then, but is it a normal thing for them to do?
Generally, it's normal for a guinea pig to try to knock over their house when they feel like it.
Most of the time when it comes to guinea pigs it would actually be unusual if they didn't do it every so often.
A lot of guinea pigs just like to rearrange their stuff to how they like it, and usually, that's a good thing.
The reason why it can be a good thing is that it can mean that they still care enough and have enough energy to do these types of activities.
Guinea pigs will try to move around a lot of things in their cage, so you'll see them knock over their food bowl, their toys, and their house, and it's all very normal for them to do.
Will Guinea Pigs Always Try To Flip Over Their House?
Like their houses, guinea pigs can flip over a lot of the items in their cage so much that sometimes it can even seem like they prefer it this way.
Sometimes you may even see them turn it over as soon as you put their house back in the right position too. So is this something that they will always try to do throughout their lives?
Most of the time some guinea pigs will do it as they continue to get older and that's completely normal behavior.
However, some guinea pigs can stop flipping over their house sometimes as well. So it usually depends on the reason why they're doing it in the first place.
If they're doing it because they don't have enough space in their cage or if their house is too small for them, then they may stop once they get a bigger cage and house.
But if flipping over their house is something that they like to do and it's fun for them, then they most likely won't stop unless you intervene in some way.
Should You Stop A Guinea Pig From Flipping Over Their House?
Sometimes when a guinea pig flips over their house they'll put it back to how it was themselves, but most of the time you'll have to fix it for them.
Constantly doing this can start to become slightly annoying over time, so is this something that you should stop them from doing?
Most of the time trying to stop your guinea pig from knocking over their little igloo or hut won't always work out how you want it to.
Guinea pigs are mainly going to do what they want and sometimes that means flipping over their house.
So when they rearrange the items in their cage it's just what they want to do and it's usually fine to let them continue doing it.
However, there are some simple things that you can try to help stop them from doing it all the time.
For example, if they're doing it because they don't like the size of their cage or house, then getting them a larger sized cage or house may stop them from doing it.
A larger-sized house can also help stop them from knocking it over because they won't be able to get the angle that would allow them to flip it over as well.
If that's not the reason why they're doing it and you want them to stop, then getting them a house that is a little bit heavier may help.
A heavy house can make it so that they won't be strong enough to physically pick it up and turn it over.
They'll still be able to push it around to where they want it which can make them happy, and you won't have to constantly come back to their cage and flip their house back over.


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Class responsible for converting between an object and its id.
This, the default implementation, uses an object's local
ObjectSpace __id__ as its id. This means that an object's identification over drb remains valid only while that object instance remains alive within the server runtime.
For alternative mechanisms, see
DRb::TimerIdConv in drb/timeridconv.rb and DRbNameIdConv in sample/name.rb in the full drb distribution.
Convert an object into a reference id.
This implementation returns the object's __id__ in the local object space.
# File lib/drb/drb.rb, line 379 def to_id(obj) obj.nil?? nil : obj.__id__ end
Convert an object reference id to an object.
This implementation looks up the reference id in the local object space and returns the object it refers to.
# File lib/drb/drb.rb, line 371 def to_obj(ref) ObjectSpace._id2ref(ref) end


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SURFRAD includes ancillary data (e.g., cloud cover, moisture) that affect the transfer of solar and thermal infrared radiation to and from the surface. An aerosol optical depth product has been recently added.
Aerosol optical depth is a measure of the extinction of the solar beam by dust and haze. In other words, particles in the atmosphere (dust, smoke, pollution) can block sunlight by absorbing or by scattering light. AOD tells us how much direct sunlight is prevented from reaching the ground by these aerosol particles. It is a dimensionless number that is related to the amount of aerosol in the vertical column of atmosphere over the observation location.
A value of 0.01 corresponds to an extremely clean atmosphere, and a value of 0.4 would correspond to a very hazy condition. An average aerosol optical depth for the U.S. is 0.1 to 0.15.


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The EPA's Multispecies Care Survey is featured in a new online exhibition organized for Broto's Art-Climate-Science annual conference which provides an online community for artists and scientists tackling aspects of climate change. The exhibition entitled "Agency" features work by a group of international artists exploring issues of climate and environmental justice. The show's curator Margaret LeJeune asks:
What exists at the intersection of empowerment, the climate crisis, and radical empathy? What does agency look like in a post-human world? And, can it be ascribed to non-human species, rivers and/or ecosystems?


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Principal Stresses and Mohr's Circle for Plane Stress
This Demonstration generates Mohr's circle for plain stress. The input is stress values for at the and orthogonal positive faces oriented at zero angle. The Demonstration calculates Mohr's circle and generates other plots to illustrate how stress changes at different orientations as the angle of the plane is changed. Planar stress is assumed, therefore stresses in the direction are assumed to be zero. The principal stresses (value of maximum normal and shear stresses found as the plane is rotated) are shown as red dots on the circle. The current value of the normal and shear stresses on the positive and opposite side of the plane are also shown at the end of the dashed red line (the first value is the normal stress and the second value is the shear stress). These are updated as you rotate the plane. The black dots on the edge of the circle are the locations of the stresses at zero degree and these do not move as the plane is rotated.
In plane stress, components vanish and the 3D stress tensor reduces to. Assuming,, and are given at 0°, the stresses at a different angle θ are found from.
The angles and at which the maximum and minimum normal principal stress occurs are given by and, respectively. The maximum and minimum normal principal stresses are given by, where is taken as the larger of the two principal stresses in absolute terms. The maximum shear stress is at ° from the principal plane and is given by. At the principal planes the shear stress is always zero. Mohr's circle for plain stress can be viewed from the pulldown menu. You can view polar plots that show how the normal and shear stress change with angle. You can select the angle to view the stresses by using the slider or select specific planes using the pulldown menu. All units are assumed to be in SI.
 A. C. Ugural, S. K. Fenster, Advanced Strength and Applied Elasticity, New York: Elsevier, 1987.
 REA's Problem Solver's Strength of Materials & Mechanics of Solids, New Jersey: Research and Education Association, 1996.
 Irving H. Shames, Mechanics of Deformable Solids, Prentice-Hall, Inc. N.J. 1964.


Entry Point File of Joomla Component
The file, site/helloworld.php, is the main entry point file for Joomla component. The main entry point passes control to the controller, which handles performing the task that was specified in the request.
// No direct access to this file
// Get an instance of the controller prefixed by HelloWorld
// Perform the Request task
// Redirect if set by the controller
The first line enables for a secure entry point into the Joomla platform.
1. Instantiation of Controller
JControllerLegacy is a base class for a Joomla Controller. In order to use controllers, you must extend this class in your component. The getInstance static method of the JControllerLegacy class will create a controller. In the code above, it will instantiate a controller object of a class named HelloWorldController.
Joomla will look for the declaration of that class in /components/com_helloworld/controller.php.
2. Task
After the controller is created, the controller executes the task, as defined in the URL:
Other common tasks are save, edit, new, and so on.
3. Redirect
Star InactiveStar InactiveStar InactiveStar InactiveStar Inactive


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Coccidioides complement fixation
Coccidioides complement fixation is a blood test that looks for antibodies
to the fungus Coccidioides immitis. This fungus causes the disease coccidioidomycosis
Coccidioides antibody test
How the test is performed
A blood sample is needed. For information on how this is done, see: Venipuncture
The blood sample is sent to a lab. The health care provider looks at the clear liquid part of the blood, called serum, to see if there are antibodies to Coccidioides immitis.
How to prepare for the test
There is no special preparation for the test.
How the test will feel
When the needle is inserted to draw blood, some people feel moderate pain, while others feel only a prick or stinging sensation. Afterward, there may be some throbbing.
Why the test is performed
This test is used to detect infection with the fungus that causes coccidioidomycosis. This condition can cause lung or widespread (disseminated) infection.
A normal result means no Coccidioides immitis antibodies are detected in the blood sample.
Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Some labs use different measurements or test different samples. Talk to your doctor about the meaning of your specific test results.
What abnormal results mean
Abnormal results mean that Coccidioides immitis antibodies are present. This can mean that you have a current or past infection.
The test may be repeated after several weeks to detect a rise in titer
(antibody concentration), which confirms an active infection.
In general, the worse the infection, the higher the titer, except in people with a weakened immune system.
There can be false positive tests in patients with other fungal diseases such as histoplasmosis
, and false negative tests in people with single lung masses from coccidioidomycosis.
What the risks are
Veins and arteries vary in size from one patient to another and from one side of the body to the other. Obtaining a blood sample from some people may be more difficult than from others.
Other risks associated with having blood drawn are slight but may include:
- Excessive bleeding
- Fainting or feeling lightheaded
- Hematoma (blood accumulating under the skin)
- Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken)
Galgiani JN. Coccidioides species. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2009:chap 266.
Galgiani JN. Coccidioidomycosis. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 354.
David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; and Jatin M. Vyas, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Assistant in Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.


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Dagdan Tree
Also known as Magebloom
The Dagdan Trees, or Magebloom, are found in the forests of Ismena and are well known for their unique properties. Not only do their blooms provide humans the ability to use small amounts of plant magic, but their wood is used for making objects of power for mages across much of Casimira.
Basic Information
Dagdan trees are the biggest known trees in Casimira. If allowed to grow to their full height and width, even dragons have a hard time flying above them and it takes over 400 average-sized humans stretching as far as they can to reach all the way around them. Their lowest branches are so high off the ground that only some form of flight allows anyone to reach them.
Beyond their size, Dagdan trees are also well known for their unique colors. The trunk itself appears to be nothing special on the outside, but inside is a deep purple color. The leaves are a wine red and when the sun shines through the forest canopy, it appears as if the very forest has a red tint.
When the trees are blooming, the branches are covered in clusters of delicate pink flowers.
Biological Traits
The trees have one specific property that makes them different from any other: they absorb any drop of magic sent their way. But not in the way that makes the forest around them feel stagnant, if anything it makes the forests they inhabit some of the most beautiful in the world.
Biological Cycle
Like other deciduous trees, the Dagdan do bloom in the spring and lose their leaves in the fall. While their leaves do not appear to have any magical properties, the blooms act in the same way as small pieces of crystal and allow even the least adept human to perform minor plant magics.
Additional Information
Uses, Products & Exploitation
Dagdan trees are primarily used in the creation of objects that hold crystals for use by a mage. It can take any shape, from a staff to a dagger, a table to a door, but because of its unique way of absorbing magic and resisting it, it has become immensely useful to those who cast magic. Crystals are embedded within the wood to allow magic to be channeled through it. Because the wood itself has resistance to that magic, no matter what is cast, the object will remain undamaged.
Whoever found that tree was a genius! I've burned clothing, books, even my eyebrows, but my pendant is never damaged! Not a single burn mark!
— A very grateful (and somewhat singed) fire mage
Objects created from the tree's wood also have the ability to hold the magic it absorbed before its creation. However, there is one major difference among these objects of power: whether they were given by the tree or taken from them. Cut wood can only release this magic at the holder's discretion, though ones made by the tree can still absorb magic and are often used to store more than the mage could normally handle alone.
In addition to the wood, many people across Casimira collect fallen leaves as a symbol of good luck. The blossoms are also collected when they begin to fall in late spring to be taken to farms to aid in growing a good harvest.
Releasing the magic stored within takes little energy from the mage and can be shaped and channeled through the embedded crystals just as any other spell. If any attempts are made to use the raw magic the wood has stored without a crystal focus, the explosion of power can be immense and has claimed the lives of many who have attempted this.
Geographic Origin and Distribution
Dagdan trees are only found in the forests of Ismena, despite several attempts to plant them elsewhere. However, instead of an entire forest full of them as there once was, now there are several groves that are carefully tended and protected.
Perception and Sensory Capabilities
While Dagdan trees have never appeared to have any kind of spirit within them, they are very much alive. Some say this is because of all the magic they have absorbed over the lifetimes they have existed.
Objects of power given freely by the trees also have this otherworldly sense that makes them seem alive. It is not yet known if that were to fade if all the magic was drained from it.
Civilization and Culture
The properties of the Dagdan trees were first discovered around the same time as the first school for mages. They had been searching for a long time for a way to hold a crystal focus that wouldn't involve damaging the crystal itself and embedding it into wood or metal seemed like an ideal solution. However, none of the materials they tried were able to withstand the raw power flowing through it. Eventually, the mages began searching deeper into the forests and discovered the Dagdan trees when their spells of light were absorbed and pulled away from them. Excited by the possibilities, the mages from the school resolved to find a way to cut down the trees and shape the wood by hand.
Even humans who have never touched magic could feel deep in their bones when the first tree was cut. Entire towns were moved to escape the sounds of the very forest crying out. The places where those trees died began to wither and die, the surrounding forest dying with it. Within a few years, cutting down Dagdan trees was banned and research was begun to find another way to approach these trees to create objects of power. It was then that mages began to realize that they could approach the tree with their crystals and good intent and merely ask. The lowest branches would wrap around the mage asking for their help and when they lifted back up, the mage would be holding a beautiful magic focus, made of the wood of the Dagdan.
Any magical focus or other object of power created by this peaceful method seems to be both an extension of the earth and that of the mage, as if the tree looked into their heart and created something perfect for them.
After the power held within the flowers was discovered, the yearly Blossom Festival sprung up to celebrate the trees and the connection that the people of Ismena have with them. The festival includes a walk through the forest to the groves to collect the first fallen blossoms.
Common Myths and Legends
Among dragons, the forest of Dagdan trees features prominently in their legends. Only plant dragons hold the True Memories, but glimmers of knowledge remain among the others of the forest on the day their race rose up and burned the world. It is said that pure, glimmering magic cloaked the forest that day and kept the flames and ash from reaching inside, protecting all living things that remained there. It is thought of as the last gift of the goddess of magic to the world.
The moment I stepped into the forest, the air around me shimmered, as if filled with magic. The sun shining through the leaves overhead painted the world, not in hues of gold as the outside world might expect, but in every shade of red imaginable. Even if I lived as long as the Dagdan, I could never do those colors justice.
— Anonymous Poet
Unknown, no one in recorded history has seen one die from old age
Conservation Status
The Dagdan trees are highly protected because of their unique properties. Groves are either grown in secret or heavily guarded by those who care for and nurture them. When it was first discovered, the species was nearly brought to extinction with overuse, but the remaining trees have been highly protected ever since to prevent this from happening again.
Average Height
around 820m
Average Length
around 82m in diameter
Geographic Distribution
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Eternal Sage AmélieIS
Amélie I. S. Debruyne
31 Mar, 2021 07:20
Great article! I'm happy to finally see it XD That sounds like a very useful tree :D Some notes I took while reading, feel free to ignore them if you don't have the time to do any edits or just don't want to bother: I think if you don't give more anatomy details, it would be good to compare your tree to a reference tree and say they look similar but bigger – like an oak for example. Lifespan: "die of age" should be "of old age" Conservation status; I just feel that it's missing a "again" at the end? OR maybe "actually happening". Random thought: is it a deciduous tree? IF so, do the leaves have special properties? Do people collect them in autumn? "ones made by the tree" do the trees actually make objects themselves? You have to explain this more :D – ah you see you've done that at the bottom. I think you can do some reordering of the sections there. In fact, coming back to this sentence it's a bit confusing "However, objects created from cut wood can only release this magic at the holder's discretion, ones made by the tree can still absorb magic and are often used to store more than the mage could normally handle alone." I get what you mean but you could change it slightly to make it clearer (by saying that the objects made from cut wood cannot absorb new magic, just release what they have right now) "but because of its unique way of absorbing magic and resisting it, it has become immensely useful to those who cast magic." I feel that this need a bit more elaborating, but you've already mentioned before that. The second paragraph from the biology should maybe be moved here, as it's more about uses than biology. Also, can the wood be used to absorb some offensive magic as a kind of


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The Positive Discipline is opposed to traditional punishment, and it aims to educate kids through a caring, loving and supportive environment.
Imagine you are a kid living in Rio's favelas. You don't have the same access to basic need, such as transportation and education, than other people living in most privileged neighborhoods.
Dante Larini volunteered at Mais Caminhos as a photographer but couldn't just look at the kids and take pictures, he felt the need to participate and socialize with them.
Kids of Mais Caminhos will participate on a cultural exchange program called Brave Kids, which aims to support vulnerable young people through artistic activities.


Storytelling program 'combats child abuse'
Posted December 18, 2012 21:07:27
A Federal Government department has found a pilot program based around storytelling has been remarkably effective at helping children to protect themselves from abuse.
The National Association for Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect program, which began at an all-Indigenous school in New South Wales, was aimed at children aged between five and eight.
It used stories about local wildlife to explain a deeper message to children on how to deal with child abuse and neglect.
Green Hill primary school principal Sandra Ross began to implement the program after having difficulty with children deliberately lighting fires.
Audio: Listen to Tom Nightingale's report (The World Today)
"I tried everything. I put in special programs, I had the fire brigade come along to no avail," she told The World Today.
"But then when I was planning something else I came across a legend about an eagle [that] comes and looks for people who light fires and immediately the fire-lighting stopped."
Together with local Dhangatti elders, teachers at the school then adapted the program for a wider purpose.
"The message there is that you always need to have communication, and so several children needed to come and talk about things, which once was something that they never would have done," Ms Ross said.
Angela Walsh from the National Association for Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect says the program sought to teach children from a young age what was safe and unsafe in order to prevent implications that could run into adult life.
"To actually be able to have kids [realise], when they get butterflies in their stomach, when their hands are trembling, when they feel all these emotions rushing through their body that they're actually feeling unsafe, and that when they're feeling unsafe they need to do something about that and need to talk to someone and they can get help," she said.
"I think we've had more incidental comments about bullying, for example, so a lot of the kids will come up to teacher in the playground and say 'that boy's behaving like the dingo, and I feel unsafe'.
"I think that's an area that would be great to measure."
The Tamworth program has just been evaluated by the Department of Community Services.
It found questionnaire results showed children did have more awareness of protective behaviours including identifying emotions, identifying people who could protect the children and learning to speak out about problems.
Associate Professor Jenny Hudson, from Macquarie University's Department of Psychology, says there was evidence that programs like the Tamworth program increased children's knowledge about risk and protective behaviours.
"This pilot program shows that children's knowledge did increase, which is a good thing," she said.
"There was no particular control group, which raises some problems, we know that all the children in the program actually did increase their knowledge.
"Whether or not they would have increased that knowledge otherwise, we cannot tell from this particular study."
The program has since been expanded to other schools in Sydney and on the mid-north New South Wales coast.
Topics: schools, primary-schools, child-abuse, indigenous-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander, australia, tamworth-2340, nsw


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Quick Connect is a patent-pending technology that easily allows devices to connect without special network configuration requirements. Quick Connect communicates at the level 3 network layer. By establishing a direct connection at the IP level using a Quick Connect code, Quick Connect bypasses the requirement for networks to support mDNS and multicast in order to establish an AirPlay connection. Quick Connect codes are encoded connection information that allow two or more devices to begin exchanging information without additional discovery packet traffic. This means devices can connect across networks that may not support the requirements of AirPlay but are still capable of communicating with each other.
Depending on the configuration of your network, Quick Connect can even allow communications between VLANs, such as those used to separate student and teacher devices on a school network. Check with your network administrator to determine if layer 3 inter-VLAN traffic is enabled on your network.
For more information on using Quick Connect, visit this solution.


Coding categories essay
My finial decision will be the following steps 1. Review your coding of your phone interview transcript. I will use other visual aids and charts on a few different power points.
ICD-10-CM Essay
Sampling Unless you are coding information that you have generated as part of your research in which case you probably will want to analyze all of it or are analyzing all of the available information, you will need to select a sample. Use different colored highlights to distinguish each broad concept and category.
If you are sampling electronic media such as television or the Internet, you need to define your population of interest e.
After assembling codes it is time to organize them into broader themes and categories. To prepare for this Discussion: I hope with the review and and example and other training aids the medical staff would understand that it more important than ever with the documentation and explained in different scenario how it could affect you and patient legally and medically, when treatment is not documented.
The coders will train more on how to select the correct codes. Pre-established coding systems Standardized coding systems are available for verbal material. The goal is to see which processes and organizations are in conflict with each other throughout the document.
The category of the messages embedded within each song varies from love and friendship to politics and social issues: There should be clear guidelines for coders individual who do the coding so that code is consistent.
The process generally involves identifying themes from the existing codes, reducing the themes to a manageable number, creating hierarchies within the themes and then linking themes together through theoretical modeling.
Coding, Categories, and ThemesQualitative researchers approach data collection with an appreciation of the data sources the participants, documents, etc.
Note that some of the above are not mutually exclusive. Iain Hay outlines a two-step process beginning with basic coding in order to distinguish overall themes, followed by a more in depth, interpretive code in which more specific trends and patterns can be interpreted.
If you cannot, consider why this is the case. It is useful for examining processes, emotional phases and rituals. Do the same for one of the Scholars of Change videos that you coded.
There are many ways to accomplish both actions. This appears to be a quick process, but it should not be. After you are satisfied with your coding procedures, I suggest submitting your table to an expert for review, or perhaps even one of the participants if interviewing to promote validity.
ICDCM will allow not only for more codes but also for greater specificity and thus better epidemiological tracking, analysis of disease patterns and treatment outcomes, supports quality measurement efforts, and leads to accurate reimbursement and supports waste, fraud and abuse initiatives.
New diagnosis codes are submitted by medical societies, quality monitoring organizations and others annually. For quantitative analysis, data is coded usually into measured and recorded as nominal or ordinal variables.
Axial coding In open coding, you were focused primarily on the text to define concepts and categories. Next, identify samples of text you chose to define the codes.
Health Information Management HIM my department will have assessment each of coding staff they will be the first to complete the training along with the doctors. The codes in Category II are supplemental tracking codes used for performance and measurements.
Using visual most times it help, just not just having a boring training where you know no ones is paying attention. Note how the researcher listed the major categories, then explained them after the table. Provide examples from your work. Confirm that your concepts and categories accurately represent interview responses and, 2.
Here is an excellent comprehensive guide think desk reference to creating data displays for qualitative research. In other words, you are breaking down the data into first level concepts, or master headings, and second-level categories, or subheadings.
This approach assumes you are using interview data. Some examples of first cycle coding methods include: For example, a year-old woman came into the office for an initial inpatient consultationwhich can be found under the Evaluation and Management section of the CPT manual codes Valerius et al, Learning these techniques requires a considerable amount of time and training see Resources list for references.
Researchers often use highlights to distinguish concepts and categories. For example, you might choose the preceding year, selecting every third issue.Doing a content analysis.
As with any research project, one starts with a question or a hypothesis. If your question can be addressed by content analysis, define the population of interest, for example, music videos, Internet blogs by adolescents, political cartoons, children's television, etc.
Coding information into categories. Keep the. The categories in the Current Procedural Terminology code set is Category I codes, which is where the most common set of codes are in the main body of CPT. For this Discussion, you will examine coding, categories, and themes in your qualitative data you previously collected.
To prepare for this Discussion: Review Chapter 8 of the Ravitch and Carl text and Chapter 12 of the Rubin and Rubin text and consider the differences in coding, categories, and themes.
Describing CPT Coding Categories Essay Sample. The medical coding process can be very difficult to understand. Today, I will do my best to try and explain it as simply as possible.
Qualitative Coding & Analysis
The steps in content analysis: portrayal of the elderly in the media) • select the media that will be used for data • derive coding categories.
Coding, Categories, and Themes, Qualitative researchers approach data collection with an appreciation of the data sources (the participants, documents, etc.).
Coding categories essay
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Tracking development progress
Keeping governments and citizens informed
At the start of the 15-year journey towards the Millennium Development Goals (2000–2015), the absence of relevant and reliable statistical benchmarks was the norm rather than the exception in most Pacific Islands Countries.
Virtually no MDG resources were invested in regular and ongoing collection of basic development statistics or in developing indicators, so how was progress to be measured?
It is a different story in 2013 as the end of the MDG journey approaches.
The Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC), with generous financial assistance from Aus-AID, has invested huge efforts in working with member countries to first develop its National Minimum Development Indicator database and expand the system's content and functionality to also include all population-based MDG indicators.
As Dr Gerald Haberkorn, Director of SPC's Statistics for Development Division, says: 'We've designed the NMDI database as a 'one-stop info-shop' to provide data users with easy access to development statistics and indicators across key sectors. This is what Pacific Leaders asked for in the Pacific Plan and it's what our members need to assess their progress.'
In the wake of the global financial crisis, governments and donors are more focused than ever on the results and impacts of their development efforts and on the need for information to improve policy and decision-making.
This same information also enables citizens to see the impact of government policy and actions on their own lives; for example, by showing them the leading causes of infant mortality in their country or the proportion of children attending primary school.
Statistics therefore play an important role not just in monitoring progress, but also in encouraging governments and their development partners to step up efforts to achieve the outcomes being measured.
The online NMDI database has 200+ indicators that aim to provide an accurate and comprehensive snapshot of the state of development, or 'health', of specific sectors in each country.
The indicators had to be clearly linked to national development plans and regional and international reporting frameworks, including annual regional MDG tracking reports.
The underlying idea was to use the least number of indicators possible to provide a credible account of, for example:
The performance of national economies in the region, as compared to the economic well-being of citizens;
How agriculture is faring across the Pacific; and
How the health and overall well-being of Pacific Islands people is progressing.
In addition to allowing data users easy access to a vast repository of development statistics and indicators, the system allows users to look at the indicators in different ways—in a tabular format, graphically or spatially—using interactive maps through SPC's PRISM (Pacific Regional Information System).
Dr Haberkorn notes that while statistics are enjoying a much higher profile than before in government planning and policy making, many countries still lack the capacity to produce and use a range of accurate and timely statistics.
Developing the database and a coordinated system for measuring, monitoring and reporting progress against development indicators was therefore challenging, particularly in introducing harmonised standards for systems of collection and outputs.
The latter ensures greater comparability of statistical outputs among Pacific Islands Countries, the benefits of which are highlighted in the Ten-Year Pacific Statistics Strategy (2011–2020).
The database still has data gaps in some key sectors and countries, and updating these will have top priority in its further development.
Dr Haberkorn said there are plans to "also expand NMDI coverage in 2013 to Pacific Islands territories, and, as resources permit, to expand thematic coverage to address emerging issues such as climate change and food security, and to accommodate the Pacific Leaders' Gender Equality Declaration made at the 2012 Forum meeting".
To access the National Minimum Development Indicator database, go to _URL_ or explore PRISM at _URL_
For further information, contact Gerald Haberkorn (_EMAIL_), Director, Statistics for Development Division, or James Hemphill (_EMAIL_), NMDI database manager, Secretariat of the Pacific Community.
...or view more articles related to these topics:
...or try these related articles:
- Fiji: SPARCK: Sharing Perceptions of Adaptation, Resilience and Climate Knowledge
- Switzerland: Greater attention needed for safe childbirths, UN urges on inaugural Day to end obstetric fistula
- Papua New Guinea: All systems go for PMIZ project
- Papua New Guinea: Promising future for PNG
- French Polynesia: French Polynesia ministers get pay cuts


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How do you compute the volume of a cat?
Dunking it in water doesn't work– you only get the volume of the rat-like creature that lives inside the cat; much like the feeble alien within a Dalek. (And, if your answer had anything to do with contour integrals, get real.)
Here is a low-tech method that works: Using successive approximation, determine the smallest box that the cat will fully enclose itself in, and measure the size of that box. Cats tend to leave a few appendages hanging out of the corners– you may need to assist with folding the cat into the box for the final stages of approximation.
This cat is approximately 648 cubic inches in volume.


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The ability to achieve meaningful decreases in sediment loads to reservoirs requires a determination of the relative importance of sediment sources within the contributing basins. In an investigation of sources of fine-grained sediment (clay and silt) within the Perry Lake Basin in northeast Kansas, representative samples of channel-bank sources, surface-soil sources (cropland and grassland), and reservoir bottom sediment were collected, chemically analyzed, and compared. The samples were sieved to isolate the <63?? m fraction and analyzed for selected nutrients (total nitrogen and total phosphorus), organic and total carbon, 25 trace elements, and the radionuclide cesium-137 (137Cs). On the basis of substantial and consistent compositional differences among the source types, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), total organic carbon (TOC), and 137Cs were selected for use in the estimation of sediment sources. To further account for differences in particle-size composition between the sources and the reservoir bottom sediment, constituent ratio and clay-normalization techniques were used. Computed ratios included TOC to TN, TOC to TP, and TN to TP. Constituent concentrations (TN, TP, TOC) and activities (137Cs) were normalized by dividing by the percentage of clay. Thus, the sediment-source estimations involved the use of seven sediment-source indicators. Within the Perry Lake Basin, the consensus of the seven indicators was that both channel-bank and surface-soil sources were important in the Atchison County Lake and Banner Creek Reservoir subbasins, whereas channel-bank sources were dominant in the Mission Lake subbasin. On the sole basis of 137Cs activity, surface-soil sources contributed the most fine-grained sediment to Atchison County Lake, and channel-bank sources contributed the most fine-grained sediment to Banner Creek Reservoir and Mission Lake. Both the seven-indicator consensus and 137Cs indicated that channel-bank sources were dominant for Perry Lake and that channel-bank sources increased in importance with distance downstream in the basin.?? 2009 International Research and Training Centre on Erosion and Sedimentation and the World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research.
Additional Publication Details
Estimation of sediment sources using selected chemical tracers in the Perry lake basin, Kansas, USA


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The position of women within the Church is undergoing change. This is also true within monasticism. The changes center around various aspects of monastic life. One of these aspects is equality. The Code itself recognizes this equality. How does this legal recognition affect monasticism?
Canon 606 states: "Whatever is determined about institutes of consecrated life and their members applies equally to either sex, unless the contrary is apparent from the context of the wording or the nature of the matter." It seems that men and women as monastics should be treated the same since inherently there in nothing in the wording or the nature of monasticism which would demand a difference. Therefore let us examine some of the previous inequalities and how they can be treated now in light of the Code of Canon Law.
The history of Benedictine monasticism in North America reveals that the monks and nuns came to live, pray and work in a similar fashion. Basically the style of monasticism was not to be different for the monks and the nuns. But within the legal structures of the Church, the monks and the nuns were treated differently. While both had many members living and working outside the enclosure of the monastery, the monks retained their monastic status, while the nuns were re-categorized as sisters governed by the norms for apostolic communities. The women monastics lost solemn vows, titles of abbey and abbesses, lifetime superiors, the monastic office, and legal effects of monastic profession such as total renunciation.
In light of the provisions of the new Code, monastic women can reclaim their heritage and do so on an equal basis with monastic men. First, the Code permits each religious institute to define the effects of profession. For monastic women this means that they can reclaim their heritage of total renunciation within monastic poverty. Many of the monasteries are already doing this.
Second, the Code permits monastics to establish a tenure of office for the head of the community which is different from the requirements for an apostolic community (canon 634.1).Since the wording and nature of the canon indicate an equality between men and women, both have leeway in light of the lived monastic tradition to determine life tenure or shorter tenure. Men have moved away from life tenure while women have moved to permit longer tenure than previously observed.
Third, the legal effect of monastic chastity is now the same for both men and women, namely that all finally professed monastics cannot validly marry without a dispensation. Previously monks could not, but sisters could as their profession only caused the marriage to be illicit.
Fourth, the controversy of the nineteenth century over cloister is ended. The Code establishes a category of cloister which applies equally to Benedictine men and women. Recognition is made that there is a monastic lifestyle "ordered to the contemplative life" but not strictly cloistered (canon 667.2). This is the lifestyle of both North American Benedictine men and women. This is further recognized in the paragraph on papal cloister for women strictly ordered to the contemplative life. This paragraph also states that "other monasteries of nuns are to observe cloister adapted to their own character and defined in the constitutions" (canon 667.3). This latter statement clarifies the fact that now there can be nuns who do not observe papal cloister. This surely indicates that present-day Benedictine women can be considered nuns.
The above leads to an obvious conclusion. If Benedictine women can reclaim their heritage as monastics under the law, they should also be able to reclaim the outward symbols of this heritage, namely abbey and abbess. Why should a monastic community of men and a monastic community of women existing side by side with similar lifestyles have a different status for the monastery and the head of the monastery: Abbot John Smith of St. Ivan's Abbey and Prioress Jane Doe of St. Hildegard's Priory? The rite for the blessing of an abbot/abbess does not indicate that only women with papal cloister may have an abbess. It does indicate that there must be a cloister, but then monastic women are to have some form of cloister since they are ordered to the contemplative life. It seems that the rite would permit monastic women to reclaim the title of abbess. Of course, this also presupposes reclaiming the title of abbey and the other aspects of the monastic tradition mentioned above which contrast monastic and apostolic religious institutes.
Women monastics seem to be on the road to equality with their brother monastics. Many women's monasteries have reclaimed the tradition of total renunciation. The women's federations refer to the member communities as monasteries. At the last meeting of the conference of prioresses, the request was made to study the reclaiming of the terms abbey and abbess. It seems to me that all of this is based not only on the right to equality, but also on the authenticity of reclaiming the lived monastic tradition.


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The most inventive way a patient may use to pass an observed urine drug screen and how to prevent it
Article By: MichaelS76
Health and fitness
A review of the most devious yet ingenious way a patient will use in order to pass an observed urine drug screen and how to circumvent it.
Submitted:Aug 16, 2013 Reads: 68 Comments: 0 Likes: 0
The most desperate patient may perform the following:
1. The patient should abstain from illegal drug use for as many days as possible before the test. Within 24 hours of the test, the user should drink considerable quantities of water.
2. Just prior to the test, the user must void the bladder completely.
3. A fresh urine sample must be obtained from a donor, whose urine has the proper constituents or contains no illicit drugs.
4. A Foley catheter is then passed through the user's urethra and into the bladder.
5. The donor's urine is passed through the catheter and into the user's bladder.
6. Then the user must have the drug screen performed as soon as possible to prevent any drugs or metabolites from being processed by the kidneys and secreted into the donor urine.
7. The urine from the donor should match the sex of the patient. Estrogen levels appropriate for a woman would look mighty strange in a man's urine (although drug tests don't normally check for such things.
This is the most desperate attempt a patient may take in order to pass an observed drug screen. If a patient is suspected of tampering with his or her urine an observed drug screen should be performed. If that same patient is suspected of further tampering then the only way to ensure that a proper urine specimen is obtained is to have the patient urinate completely under observation, then have the patient drink copious amounts of water and wait at least 1 hour before collecting another observed specimen. This ensures that the urine contained in their bladder has actually come from the patient and not a donor patient. This is one of two ways to be 100 percent sure that a patient's urine drug screen is accurate, even under observation. The other way is to collect a blood specimen for analysis.
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reverse discrimination - definition and synonyms
What are red words?
noun [uncountable] reverse discrimination pronunciation in American English
 1. a situation in which people who traditionally have the most power or advantages are treated less fairly than other people in order to help those people get a share of their power and advantages
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Guided Tours and Group Visits
Group visitors often want to include a free guided tour as part of their educational or recreational arboretum visit. Group free tours are offered when a Tour Reservation Request Form, downloadable from this page, is submitted electronically, by mail, or by fax with fourteen days advance notice, for groups of six or more. Groups requesting tours vary and may be entire classes or grade levels for public schools, community agencies, civic groups, garden clubs, homeschool groups, or elder hostels.
Visitors of all ages learn about nature, botany, horticulture, ecology, and plant and tree species native to the Appalachians. Tours normally are given on the arboretum grounds, but each spring a guided field trip showcasing notable wildflower sites, and each fall a guided field trip showcasing remarkable trees are also offered.
The Forest Web
Discover how living and non-living organisms coexist and thrive in the forest ecology. While learning how to identify forest species, particularly Virginia natives, participants will also explore how animals and plants work with each other to fully utilize all the resources that a forest can offer. Also covered in this tour will be how humans can best impact the forest and its wildlife.
Throw and Grow Seed Balls
Learn about what an arboretum is, and how it allows plant and animal life to grow and reproduce. Many plants reproduce through seeds, and students will learn about what seeds are and different ways that seeds can be spread throughout the environment. The importance of native plants will be emphasized. This program will begin with a short tour of the arboretum and conclude with each participant making his or her own seed ball (hardened mixture of soil, clay, and flower seeds) that can be taken home and tossed outside, encouraging the spread of native Virginia flora.
The staff at the EJC Arboretum can design a program to suit specialized or classroom-based education needs. Though programs at the Arboretum usually have a plant or ecology focus, these specialized programs can incorporate animals and more ideas. Examples include: edible plants, creative writing, geography, navigation, herbs, fall color, etc.
Please e-mail the Education Coordinator, Julia Stutzman with your ideas.
Educational tours and programs are customizable for adults or children and are approximately one hour in length.
Please be aware that the maximum size for a tour or program is approximately 20 people. Larger groups will need to schedule either two consecutive tours or two simultaneous tours.
Event and season-based tours are offered each year for Historic Garden Week, and Arbor Day and are provided on a walk-up basis, free of charge, without advance reservation, and without any tour form being submitted.
To make reservations for a guided tour, please use the downloadable reservation form below. Also, please visit our calendar to check the availability of your preferred tour date.