Jo crowley, 10 January 2016
A broad discussion was had. Below is a summary of the key headline discussion had,
and area for action.
What do we mean by independent?
The notion of what we mean by 'independent' was explored. It was agreed that for the
purposes of this discussions independent was taken to mean artists, companies,
practitioners and producers that:
- exist both within and outside of the national portfolio, but is largely comprised of non
- Are artist led
- Are Autonomous
- Largely exist beyond buildings
- Are not institions and usually not building based.
- Are not just the small or emerging -scale - but work across scales, by artists across
generations and experience.
- It is the area of the industry that is largely populated by people working on a self
employed basis without regular salaries
- It was agreed that it is the independent sector is usually where creative experiments
are undertaken, where innovation is happening and where new art forms, methods
and models of business and creativity are emerging
Discussion summary:
Visibility, Understanding and a Missing Evidence Bas;
There is an enormous visibility issue for the independent sector.
Largely existing outside of NPOs' there are hundreds and hundreds of companies,
artists and producers making huge quantities of work across scale and art-forms. They
are collectively reaching enormous audiences across communities, regions and
countries. They are also vitally contributing to the ability of people in the arts being
able to maintain a (admittedly often precarious) livelyhood.
Unless this work if it is in receipt of GFTA or strategic funding it is not monitored and
there is insufficient data capture.
As a large quantity of independent work is not funded for much of it's development and
exploitation, there is a a hole in the evidence base of just how many people are
reached, the breadth of reach and the true contribution that is being made to
livelyhoods and employment and the true value of the contribiution that the arts are
making to the economy and society.
This means that there is a hole in the information being communicated to the
government, and thus the case for the arts is not as strong as it would be.
Current Funding Models;
Concern was expressed regarding current funding strands available to Artists by ACE,
- current funding advice offered by ACE is perhaps out of date;
- current application processes and forms do not reflect how work is now being made
in the current climate and moment in time.
- application forms are burdensome and difficult to use (ACE officers present at the
session stressed that the application portal was about to be relaunched and it was
hoped that this would solve some of the challenges).
- the structure of funding applications makes it difficult to fully explain projects.
- strategic funds are not accessible for artists and companies with low infrastructure,
working on a project by project basis as they have reduced capacity to write such
huge unwieldy applications - despite very often having potentially very brilliant
- Strategic touring funding strand has brought about a touring problem in the country
and as a large proportion of the independent sector tour work this is hugely
- Catalyst funding has been successful for some, but not enough has been invested in
the independent sector. The most recent catalyst fund is only available to charitable
organisations meaning that a large majority of the independent sector is not eligible to
apply, despite being the area of the sector most needing investment.
- That too little money is being spread too broadly.
Consultation with the independent sector
- ACE no longer involves representatives from the independent sector - and
specifically artists, companies and producers who are not in the National Portfolio in
- Pre NPO, NON RFO'S were invited to ACE briefings, but no longer are. The
independent sector is increasingly feeling like it is being omitted from conversations.
This is creating a form of disenfranchisement.
ACTION ARISING: Independents would like to see a broader representation of
independents and non independents at ACE briefings. Independents attending agreed
they would be responsible for filtering knowledge and insight gained to their
independent peers and they onto theirs, and so on. So that the knowledge is spread
across the sector.
- Should venues, unions, management bodies AND independents be being consulted
and brought into conversations and consultations about funding and funding
programmes. It was noted that NESTA have good structured dialogues with grant
holders and non grant holders and ACE should look at this.
- Should Peer panels should be brought back was raised.
- Should there be a spokesperson / spokes people as a channel for communication
about what is arising in the sector - and if so what would this be?
Evidence & Data
ACTION: There needs to be a way of collecting data and evidence beyond NPOs and
The independent sector consider this vital, to show just how large a part of the entire
theatre industry is made up of the independent sector. Most shows that play on our
stages in the UK and beyond are made by independent artists and companies, but the
statistics of;
- how many people are being reached;
- how many people are being employed;
- financial impact and economic contribution;
- level of export and cultural diplomacy for the UK;
Is not being sufficiently monitored or captured. This needs urgent addressing.
New business models & new funding programmes
- Artists, companies, producers etc operating in the independent sector are fully aware
that funding is limited. Most are simply no longer aspiring to be NPO's or RFO's - that
is an old model. Instead they are innovating and runnig business models that light
weight, fleet of foot and not weighted in huge infrastructure,, staff or bureaucracy.
- Artists, companies, producers etc are genuinely wanting to be free to take risks,
experiment, pursue opportunities and not be held to over burdensome funding
requirements and bureaucracy.
- However it was noted that at key points of artists and companies development there
will be a vital necessity for an injection of infrastructural investment across multiple
years. This infrastructural investment would differ to organisational development and
be used to contribute to basic and unavoidable core costs, growing capacity to realise
work and raise funding for future years.
- It was discussed that this was particularly important for independent artists and
companies making quality work of scale and ambition, that exist outside of the
National Portfolio.
- ACE representatives expressed that multi-year funding applications can be submitted
through GFTA. However independents at the session stressed that in their experience
they were usually advised by ACE that such applications would not be considered as
they looked too much like NPO funding. It was also emphasised that with limited funds
available, the independent sector feels it has a responsibilty to it's peers to ensure that
they are not placing enormous applications in, to ensure the money available can be
spread as far as possible.
- ACTION: A new strand of funding for artists and companies is needed specifically for
core infrastructure. A ring - fenced infrastructural investment fund towards backbones
of infrastructure is urgently needed.
- The previous model of fixed term funding in the early 2000's where a number of
performance companies and artists were provided with seed infrastructural funding
across 3 year periods to support costs, but still able to apply for GFTA for projects was
a good model to re-explore.
An atomised industry?
How can we work with ACE and other partners to de-atomise the independent sector.
How can we find ways of bringing independents into broader industry conversations
and dialogues?
It was emphasised that the principle barrier to this is resource - artists and
independents are struggling with basic resource and lead very precarious livelyhoods,
earning a low level of income and thus do not have organisational or personal
resource to support attendenace at industry conversations, meetings and events. This
adds to the lack of visibility of the sector and the potential for the independent sector to
contribute to important cross sector dialogue.
Bursaries that are in some instances offered to solve this issue are too few, too limited
and often only for emerging artists or specific age groups. This exposes further the
industry wide mis-understanding of the independent sector as being only where the
emerging artists are. This is not the case. The independent sector is where the artists,
makers and producers of theatre and the art that plays in our theatres and on our
stages are. They are cross generational. But across scale and generation the lack of
infrastructure and resource remains.
Building understanding & visibility of the Independent sector
It is felt that there is a lack of understanding of the indpdent sector on the part of
That funders are not sufficiently engaging with the sector and exploring the models of
operation and most importantly how theatre is being made (ACE noted it is currently
undertaking research into the area of theatre making).
Although many individuals do, as a body, ACE does not know what is going on beyond
what it funds. And whist for eg the commercial sector is monitored by the likes of
SOLT and UK theatre the independent sector is not monitored.
How can we find a way to grow understanding, knowledge and data?
ACTION: A mapping project of the UK independent sector and how work is made is
urgently needed.
Gathering of evidence would need to be part of a mapping process. The evidence
base built could be galvanised to engage with the public, government and the broader
industry in an effort to see what they understand about this sector.
Lewisham Arts Service mapping of work the arts industry in their area was suggested
as an active example of a model to look at for mapping.
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How to Sell Yourself for Cash
Perhaps you've thought about selling your car, your home or your garage-full of accumulated "things," but have you ever considered selling yourself, or, rather, byproducts of yourself, for money?
About 8 million Americans donate their blood in any given year, and the number one reason most donors choose to do so, according to the American Red Cross, is because they want to help others.
donate blood
Donating blood is one of the most common ways to help others by giving a part of yourself -- still, only 5 percent of those who are eligible do so each year.
But blood is not the only human byproduct that can be donated, and it's certainly not the only one that's in demand. Whether you're just curious, are seriously considering or know of someone who's "looking," here are some of the more common ways people can donate, or sell, byproducts of themselves for money.
Blood Plasma
Plasma is used to treat disorders such as hemophilia and immune system deficiencies, as well as to make products to treat and prevent diseases including tetanus, rabies, measles, rubella and hepatitis B.
Components of plasma are also used by hospitals and emergency rooms to treat shock and burn victims.
Plasma can be donated twice in a seven-day period, with a limited number of donations in a year, in a process similar to giving blood. There are about 400 for-profit plasma collection centers in the United States.
Who's Eligible: You must be 18 years old or older, weigh 110 pounds or more, be in good general health, and pass a medical history interview and brief physical examination.
What it Pays: From $9-$35 per donation. Plasma can also be donated, without pay.
Resources: Check the yellow pages for for-profit plasma collection centers near you. College campuses may also have information. On the Web:
Several agencies collect hair donations to make complimentary wigs for children who have lost their hair due to chemotherapy, radiation treatments, alopecia, burns, or other medical situations. It is also possible to sell your hair, at your own risk, via the Web.
Who's Eligible: Hair must be a minimum of 10-12 inches in length, clean and dry, and bundled into a ponytail or braid for donations. Requirements vary for selling on your own.
What it Pays: Varies widely depending on the quality of hair and length, but may range from $200 to several thousand if selling to a private buyer. One online wig company will pay $3-$5 per ounce of "usable" hair.
Sperm banks collect sperm from donors that will later be used to help an individual or couple have a child. People who use donor sperm include single women and lesbian couples, couples in which the man is sterile, or couples who are trying to avoid passing on a genetic disorder carried by male sperm.
Who's Eligible: Men must typically be between the ages of 18 and 45 and pass testing for genetically linked diseases, communicable disease, drug abuse, and general health. Some sperm banks also require that men have attended at least two years at a four-year university.
In order to be approved as a donor, the semen must meet minimum sperm count levels, as sperm is frozen before use and some sperm are lost during this time. Reportedly, only 1 percent to 2 percent of men who apply as donors will be accepted.
Sperm banks typically ask men who are accepted as donors to sign a contract committing to one or two sperm donations a week, for at least six months.
What it Pays: It varies by sperm bank, but typically between $35-$65 per specimen. Payment may be withheld for six months (during which time the specimen is frozen and then retested for disease).
Resources: You should only donate sperm to a state-licensed sperm bank to ensure that your sperm will be used ethically.
Women can donate eggs to help a couple have a child, or for research purposes. It is an involved process that involves taking various hormones for weeks and collecting eggs with a needle inserted through the wall of the vagina into the ovary.
The long-term health risks of egg donations have recently been called into question, as little is known about the effects of egg donation on women's health.
Who's Eligible: Women typically must be between the ages of 19 and 32, be in good health, a non-smoker, not use drugs and must pass a medical history and disease and psychological testing.
What it Pays: Payment for egg donations vary widely, from $3,000 to $25,000 and up, depending on the buyer. According to the American Society for Reproductive Medicine, "Although there is no consensus on the precise payment that oocyte [egg] donors should receive, at this time sums of $5,000 or more require justification and sums above $10,000 go beyond what is appropriate."
Giving Yourself Away
Though living organ donation can be done anonymously, it's most often a parent who donates an organ, or part of an organ, to a child.
If you're interested in helping others, there are also ways to give "yourself" away, namely by donating blood, bone marrow or organs to those in need.
Blood Donation
According to the American Red Cross, every two seconds someone in the United States needs blood for emergencies or to treat cancer, blood disorders, sickle cell, anemia and other illnesses, but only 5 percent of the eligible U.S. population donates blood each year.
Who's Eligible: To donate blood you must be healthy, be at least 17 years old, or 16 years old if allowed by state law, weigh at least 110 pounds, and not have donated blood in the last eight weeks (56 days).
Bone Marrow or Peripheral Blood Cells
Bone marrow and peripheral blood cells are used to help people with leukemia and other blood diseases. Bone marrow is removed with a needle from the back of your pelvic bone, and requires either general or regional anesthesia.
Peripheral blood cells are donated during a process called apheresis, in which your blood is removed through a needle, passed through an apheresis machine that separates out the blood-forming cells, then returns the remaining blood through a needle in your other arm. Donors must also take an injection of a drug to increase blood-forming cells for four to five days prior to their donation.
Who's Eligible: You must be between the ages of 18 and 60, willing to donate to any patient in need and meet certain health guidelines.
Umbilical Cord Blood
A woman can choose to donate her baby's umbilical cord blood to help someone with leukemia, aplastic anemia or other blood diseases. The blood-forming cells found in cord blood are being studied as a new method for treating such patients.
Who's Eligible: Women must be at least 18 years old (16 in some locations), in general good health and live in a community where cord blood donation is available (it's still a relatively new process and not all hospitals take donations at this time).
Note: Donating cord blood is different from privately banking cord blood. If you choose to donate your baby's cord blood, it's available for anyone's use. If you store the cord blood privately, it is reserved for your family's use, and you will usually be charged a fee for storage.
Living Organ Donation
A person can choose to donate an organ (kidney) or a part of an organ, such as the liver, lung or pancreas, to someone in need of a transplant. Though the recipient is usually a close family member, they can also be a more distant relative, friend, spouse or co-worker. However, you can also choose to donate anonymously, or to donate to someone you do not know.
Recommended Reading
Ethics Guidelines for Physicians Updated on Sex, Drunkenness, Gifts & Other Issues
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By Shravan Regret Iyer
Bengaluru: For hundreds of years, the village of Kokkarebellur in Mandya district of Karnataka, which has considered spot-billed pelicans and painted storks as their 'daughters', is now witnessing a rapid decline in the number of avian visitors to the village. It's a known fact that the birds would come from thousands of miles away and nest in the tall trees that stand in the heart of the village. The same village that was once happy to welcome more than 2000 pelicans, now sees a mere 400 birds or less.
Each year, during the post-monsoon season, hundreds of birds circle over the village of Kokkarebellur and choose a tree to nest in. The pelicans arrive first and settle on the crowns of mature, large-canopied trees. The lighter, more agile, storks come a few weeks later and take up residence on the outer branches. The area in the vicinity of the village offered several large tanks such as the Tailur Kere, Maddur Kere and Sole Kere that provided food for these birds.
The birds were seen nesting in clusters of 15 to 20 pairs per tree. They lay eggs from October to November. The village women have also adopted these birds. They consider them their daughters and the feeling is similar to when their own pregnant daughters come home for childbirth. For over six months, bird and man co-exist peacefully and the droppings of these fish-eating birds rich in nitrates are used as natural fertiliser.
Watch: 'The vanishing wings of Kokkarebellur': Nearly 30 years ago, the village of Kokkarebellur in Mandya district of Karnataka was home to more than 2000 pelicans and the numbers have now dwindled to a mere 400 birds.
For over 500 years the village has been shared by birds and human beings living in perfect harmony. But now this age-old pattern of peace between the avian visitors and their human hosts has been rudely shattered and the very existence of the pelicans is in jeopardy.
Nearly thirty years ago the village provided a home to more than 2000 pelicans. The numbers have now dwindled to a mere 400 birds.
"Lack of nesting space is one of the major factors contributing to the decline in the number of pelicans and storks," said a villager.
There are only about 200 trees left in the village where the birds nest. There has been an increase in demand for firewood to cook food and also to burn bricks that are manufactured here for local use. This has caused the decline in the number of trees both in and around the village.
The increasing conversion of the land for arable crops has also caused the loss of trees that provided vital breeding sites. In the village of Bannahalli, about two kilometers from Kokkare Bellur, both the pelicans and storks have stopped breeding due to lack of nesting space.
From time to time, these birds are also victim to the high-tension line that passes through the village, very near the nesting trees. "Each year about 20 to 25 birds get electrocuted," says a villager.
A recent intervention by the members of the pelican conservation group to increase the distance between the power lines and the neutral lines of the high-tension wires that pass close to the Bellur lake, was successful, as many birds used to get electrocuted while taking off from the lake and landing.
Once the birds have laid eggs, the predators come in large numbers. Cats and dogs feed on these chicks that have fallen from the nest.
The local villagers do manage save some of these chicks. They feed them and raise them to the fledgeling stage so they can return to the wild.
Every season means new life for these birds. How many more seasons of life do we intend to give these birds? With the nesting grounds soon disappearing, who will know or remember these birds once they are gone forever?
Illegal sand mining biggest threat to birds
The illegal sand mining activity seen along the banks of the river Shimsha, about 800 meters away from the village of Kokkare Bellur, is also leading to the shrinking of water bodies which provide food for these migratory birds.
"Sand loads are being transported on bullock carts. It is something of an open secret. Sand collected here is later sold at unimaginably high prices," said a villager.
This story was originally published in Deccan Chronicle May 9, 2016, edition.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
With much of the northeast experiencing scorching temperatures, high humidity and little to no precipitation, Carbon County is among the growing number of counties that have been placed on the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection's drought list.
Mark Nalesnik, the Carbon County Emergency Management Agency director, released an updated drought map from DEP yesterday.
According to the composite indicator map, dated July 6, numerous counties throughout the eastern portion of the state are in a drought watch or warning. Carbon County is listed in a drought watch.
A drought watch declaration is the first level and least severe of the state's three drought classifications. It calls for a voluntary 5 percent reduction in non-essential water use. The classifications are dependent on four indicators, including precipitation deficits, surface water levels, groundwater levels and soil moisture. Drought watch conditions begin to occur when a deficit of 25 percent of the normal precipitation happens over a three-month period. Drought warning conditions occur when a deficit of 35 percent is recorded and drought emergency conditions begin to happen when a deficit of 45 percent is recorded.
Nalesnik recommends that Carbon County residents try to conserve water, if possible, until the drought situation improves.
He noted that there are three burn bans currently in place in the county.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Jewish Journal
December 10, 2008
Edward Kritzler's history of Jewish pirates is uneven
NEW YORK (NEXTBOOK) -- There are places you expect to find Jews and places you don't, and in the second category, the deck of a pirate ship ranks pretty close to the top. The very title of "Jewish Pirates of the Caribbean" sounds like the premise of a science-fiction novel -- maybe a sequel to Michael Chabon's "The Yiddish Policemen's Union," in which Yiddish-speaking Jews colonize Alaska -- or else the punchline to a joke.
The reason has to do with simple chronology: 1492, known to all Americans as the year Columbus sailed the ocean blue, is remembered by Jews in a very different spirit -- as the year Ferdinand and Isabella banished the Jews from Spain. In the ensuing diaspora, many Spanish and Portuguese Jews, including the conversos who continued to practice Judaism in secret, found their way to mercantile centers across Europe and the New World.
They were, after all, a well-connected, well-educated and well-capitalized bourgeoisie, ideally suited to play the role of middlemen in the emerging global economy. It is no wonder that conversos sailed with Columbus -- a durable legend has it that Columbus himself was from a Jewish family -- or that Kritzler finds thriving Sephardic communities in Jamaica, Brazil and New Amsterdam. Wherever the Spanish or Dutch planted their flags, at least some Jews were sure to follow.
When the offer was declined, he signed up with Philip's deadly enemies, the Dutch, and began running guns from Holland to North Africa. As part of this campaign of harassing the Spanish, Palache once led a fleet to attack Spanish shipping in the Mediterranean. While "the result of this expedition is not reported," Kritzler admits, it is enough for him to grant Palache the dashing nickname "The Pirate Rabbi." (Even so, the reader cannot help noticing that he never set foot, or sail, in the Caribbean --Kritzler's title is more catchy than precise.)
The oppressed becomes the foe of oppressors, the beaten-down Jew takes up a cutlass: It is an irresistible story line and the central premise of Kritzler's book. If Lafitte's confession seems to illustrate it almost too conveniently, that may be because it is almost certainly fictional. According to his notes, Kritzler found the quotation in a book about the history of Jewish New Orleans, where it is cited from "The Journal of Jean Lafitte," a book published in New York in 1958.
Senior Editor Adam Wills was all over the Jewish pirates story in 2006
Nowhere in his text or notes, however, does Kritzler mention what it took me only moments to find out on the Internet -- that "The Journal of Jean Lafitte" was the work of a notorious forger named John Laflin, who claimed to be a descendant of the pirate and also invented documents related to Davy Crockett and Abraham Lincoln. There is no way of telling "from Jewish Pirates of the Caribbean" whether Kritzler thinks he has a good reason to trust the "Journal" anyway, or if he is even aware of its true provenance.
ALTTEXTThe Lafitte (image, left) example is a minor one -- he appears on only two pages of the book -- but it is unfortunately typical of Kritzler's way with historical evidence. Kritzler relies heavily on the work of reputable historians in putting together his picture of Jews in the New World in the 16th and 17th centuries. But wherever there is a gap in the evidence, he is more than happy to fill it with wild speculation.
Particularly unsettling is his practice of treating as true the desperate admissions of conversos put to torture by the Inquisition -- as when he refers, admiringly, to the Brotherhood of the Jews of Holland, "a clandestine group dedicated to fighting the Inquisition" whose "existence was revealed in the tortured confessions of four convicted Judaizers." Evidently Kritzler believes as strongly as Torquemada in the power of the rack to elicit truth.
Suffice it to say that "Jewish Pirates of the Caribbean" concludes with Kritzler's claim to have discovered the location of a secret gold mine belonging to Christopher Columbus on the island of Jamaica, where Kritzler lives. He even reproduces a 17th century code allegedly pointing to the exact location of the mine and invites "the first reader" who cracks it "to join our quixotic search."
Kritzler is welcome to his gold mine, and I hope for his sake that X does the mark the spot. But the quixotic search he has really embarked on in "Jewish Pirates of the Caribbean" is a less innocent one. His book is the latest product of what might be called the "Tough Jews" school of history-writing, after the 1998 book by Rich Cohen. Cohen's book was a paean to Jews such as Arnold Rothstein and Meyer Lansky -- murderers and gangsters, or as Cohen lovingly described them, "Jews acting in ways other than Jews are supposed to act, Jews leaving the world of their heads to thrive in a physical world, a world of sense, of smell, of grit, of strength, of courage, of pain."
By flattening out the immensely complex story of the conversos and their motives into a straightforward parable of freedom-loving, Spain-hating Jewish buccaneers, Kritzler is catering to the same American Jewish thirst for examples of Jewish toughness. "Forget the 'Merchant of Venice,' " he writes, "his New World cousins were adventurers after my own heart: Jewish explorers, conquistadors, cowboys, and yes, pirates."
I get it; I grew up riding the Pirates of the Caribbean at Disneyland. But there is something strange about the way American Jews, the most secure, prosperous and assimilated Jews in history, keep returning to tales of Jewish violence and thuggery to affirm their potency.
Jewish pirates, like non-Jewish pirates, were basically killers and thieves, and often slave traders to boot. Surely there are enough examples of courage in Jewish history -- physical and also moral -- that we don't need Samuel Palache to prove that Jews, too, can be brave.
(Adam Kirsch is the author of "Benjamin Disraeli," a new biography in Nextbook's Jewish Encounters series. Reprinted from Nextbook.org, a new read on Jewish culture.)
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The federal government is increasingly adopting best practices for earth observation and imagery workflows to improve service delivery and support the administration's goals and other federal initiatives such as:
- Optimizing infrastructure investment.
- Enhancing safety and security.
- Identifying change in natural and built environments.
- Creating more efficient land planning workflows.
Agencies are now realizing measurable benefits from new sensors, such as small satellites, drones, and lidar, to streamline workflows for evidence-based decision-making.
Join your peers for an in-person MapUp on Thursday, November 15 from 5:30pm-8:30pm ET at 1776 in Washington, D.C. to learn how imagery increases productivity, improves performance, and lowers costs.
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- The benefits of imagery for improved decision-making.
- Practical tips from organizations that are responding to today's fast-paced demands for information.
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X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission-scanning electron microscope (FESEM), nitrogen adsorption, and ζ-potential. Equilibrium and kinetic adsorption data showed that ETS-10 displays a high selectivity toward one metal in a two-component or a three-component system with an affinity order of Pb2+ > Cd2+ > Cu2+. The equilibrium behaviors of heavy metals species with stronger affinity toward ETS-10 can be described by the Langmuir equation while the adsorption kinetics of the metals can be well fitted to a pseudo-second-order (PSO) model.
Keywords: Microporous titanosilicate ETS-10; Heavy metal ions; Competitive adsorption; Selectivity;
In this paper, we used two simplified methods to understand the influence of surfactant molecular structure on the properties of surfactant–DNA complexes. First, we selected Langmuir balance technique, a two-dimensional (2D) method, which allows complex formation under equilibrium-like conditions, avoiding some of the inherent problems involved in solution. Secondly, two series of simple quaternary ammonium surfactants were used. The cationic surfactant–DNA complex monolayers were formed at the air–water interface through the electrostatic interaction between the ammonium groups of the surfactants and the phosphate groups of DNA at the air–water interface. Combining the results of πA isotherms, πt isotherms, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements, it was found that the surfactant molecular structures affect the surface properties and morphologies of 2D surfactant–DNA complexes. We expect that the study of the properties of 2D surfactant–DNA complexes will help us to understand the physicochemical properties of surfactant–DNA complexes, which are important for gene delivery.
Surface pressure–area isotherms and Brewster angle microscopy images of mixed binary films of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and the diacetylene 10,12-tricosadiynoic acid (TRCDA) were recorded at different temperatures and mole ratios to investigate the molecular interactions and cooperative properties of the films. The experiments revealed that segregation, on the one hand, and significant intermolecular interactions, on the other hand, both contribute to the thermodynamic properties of the phospholipids and the diacetylene assemblies. In particular, the data demonstrate that higher temperatures and greater percentage of DMPC promote repulsion between the liquid-condensed phospholipid monolayer and the TRCDA domains. In contrast, at high TRCDA mole ratios, film contraction occurred (lower molecular areas) due to TRCDA multilayer formation (at high temperature) or intermolecular affinities (at low temperature).
Keywords: Langmuir films; Polydiacetylene; Phospholipid films; Brewster angle microscopy;
Organic–inorganic composite membranes based on poly(vinyl alcohol)/SiO2 were prepared via an aqueous dispersion polymerization route and anion-exchange groups were introduced in the membrane matrix by the chemical grafting of 4-vinylpyridine with the desired content. These membranes were extensively characterized for their surface morphology, thermal stability, water content, and surface-charge properties using SEM, TEM, FTIR, TGA, water uptake, and ion-exchange capacity measurements. Counterion transport numbers across these membranes were estimated from membrane potential data. Membrane conductance measurements were also performed and these data were used for the estimation of values of counterion diffusion coefficients in the membrane phase. Physicochemical and electrochemical properties of these membranes and equivalent pore radius (estimated from electroosmotic flux measurements) were found to be highly dependent on the 4-vinylpyridine (4-VP) content in the membrane phase. It was also observed that for better selectivity and membrane conductivity of anion-exchange membranes complete optimization of the loading of 4-VP in the membrane phase is necessary. Furthermore, among these, membrane with 25% loading with 4-VP exhibited very good selectivity, water content, and ion-exchange capacity along with moderate membrane conductivity, which may be used for their application in electro-driven separation at elevated temperatures or for other electrochemical processes.
Keywords: Composite membranes; Organic–inorganic composite; Anion-exchange membrane; Membrane conductance; Electroosmosis;
A series of multilayer films were fabricated alternately from poly(4-vinylpyridine) solution and mixed solutions of two carboxyl-terminated dendrimers. UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy was applied to study the composition of the multilayer films. In contrast to mixed solutions of linear polymers, the total amount of dendrimers in multilayer film is independent of the ratio of dendrimers in mixed solution, which is possibly due to the globular conformation of the dendrimer. Furthermore, the ratio of two dendrimers in films is linearly dependent on the ratio of the two dendrimers in solutions, which facilitates control of the composition in multilayer films.
Keywords: Composition; Multilayer film; Dendrimer; Mixed solution; Surface density;
Elliptic solution to the Young–Laplace differential equation by E. Hernández-Baltazar; J. Gracia-Fadrique (213-216).
The Young–Laplace equation differential form can be solved under the elliptic representation for a fluid–fluid interface in the range 0 ⩽ ϕ ⩽ 90 °. For a characteristic point ( X max, Y = 90 ° ) we find a simple analytical relation between the curvature radius and the elliptic parameters that yields the surface tension in the range 0.125 < β < 100. The solution to the differential equation gives an error lower than 2.5% for published normalized data. The origin of the coordinates of the profile drop is the maximum diameter and the distance from the equator to the drop apex. Through this mechanism, the need for numerical methods and published algorithms prior to this work is eliminated. To challenge the method, the procedure is used with published data of numerical solutions. The dimensions of the parameters used are invariant with respect to the coordinate system. For practical applications, this useful equation can be used in pendant drop, sessile drop, rising bubble, spinning drop, and capillary methods. Finally, to increase the sensitivity of the procedure, the elliptic segment data under the maximum diameter can be treated with a linear regression ( y 2 vs x 2 ) to obtain the elliptic parameters (a and b) in order to apply the final equation.
Keywords: Elliptic solution; Young–Laplace; Drop profile; Surface tension; Pendant drop; Sessile drop; Spinning drop; Capillary method;
Wettability of Freon hydrates in crude oil/brine emulsions by S. Høiland; K.M. Askvik; P. Fotland; E. Alagic; T. Barth; F. Fadnes (217-225).
The surface energy of petroleum hydrates is believed to be a key parameter with regard to hydrate morphology and plugging tendency in petroleum production. As of today, the surface energy of natural gas hydrates is unknown, but will depend on the fluids in which they grow. In this work, the wettability of Freon hydrates is evaluated from their behavior in crude oil emulsions. For emulsions stabilized by colloidal particles, the particle wettability is a governing parameter for the emulsion behavior. The transition between continuous and dispersed phases as a function of brine volume in crude oil–brine emulsions containing Freon hydrates has been determined for 12 crude oils. Silica particles are used for comparison. The results show that phase inversion is highly dependent on crude oil properties. Based on the measured points of phase inversion, the wettability of the Freon hydrates generated in each system is evaluated as being oil-wet, intermediate-wet, or water-wet. Generation of oil-wet hydrates correlates with low hydrate plugging tendency. The formation of oil-wet hydrates will prevent agglomeration into large hydrate aggregates and plugs. Hence, it is believed that the method is applicable for differentiating oils with regard to hydrate morphology.
Keywords: Hydrates; Crude oil emulsions; Phase inversion; Wettability;
Measurement of interfacial tension (IFT) using the micropipet technique involves the solid–liquid interface. At equilibrium, oil–water interfacial tension is determined from the interface curvature and the critical pressure, according to the Young–Laplace equation. This paper aims to examine the possible contribution of the solid–liquid interface on IFT measurement. Three different experimental configurations are used to examine the sought effect. The three configurations are straight, concentric, and tapered pipets with diameters ranging from 2.5 to 30 μm. For all three configurations, the critical pressure is found to depend only on the pipet diameter. However, when the Young–Laplace equation is applied to determine the IFT, a significant error was noticed at small pipet diameters. The IFT error was described by an exponential function whose asymptote approached the independently determined IFT value with a sufficiently large pipet diameter. The IFT error is anticipated to arise from the layerlike effect of an "ultrastructured" liquid near the solid surface. The solid-induced error in oil–water IFT is noted to fade away at lowered IFT by the addition of


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Henry Cowper (_PHONE_), Lawyer
Sitter in 4 portraits
Cowper was called to the Bar in 1775 and acted as reporter of cases decided by the King's Bench. He earned a high reputation and helped to establish the principles of modern law reporting. He published Reports of cases in the Court of King's Bench from Hilary term 14 George III to Trinity term 18 George III in 1883. In 1785, Cowper was appointed clerk assistant of the House of Lords and deputy clerk of the Parliaments, and played an important role in the trial of Warren Hastings before the House of Lords in 1788. He retired in 1826, after forty-one years' service.


HomeDefinitionsCareer DictionaryLoudermill Rights
Loudermill Rights
The term Loudermill Rights refers to those due process requirements that are followed when a tenured public employee is involuntarily terminated. Loudermill Rights are based on a U.S. Supreme Court decision: Cleveland Board of Education v. Loudermill (1985).
Tenured public employees were granted Loudermill Rights following a Supreme Court decision, which determined that most public employees have a property interest in their job. For this reason, they are afforded due process rights before removing or impacting their property interest in their job. This "property right" means non-probationary public employees can only be terminated for cause. They may also be entitled to certain rights in cases of severe discipline.
Generally, the following steps are followed when a tenured public employee is involuntarily terminated:
 1. Loudermill Letter: employees are entitled to proper notice, indicating why they are being fired as well as any specific evidence supporting the employer's decision to terminate the employee. The letter will also inform the employee of their right to a hearing.
 2. Pre-Termination Hearing: also referred to as a Loudermill Hearing, this is a relatively informal meeting that provides an opportunity to determine if there are reasonable grounds to terminate after the employee addresses the evidence of the case. Individuals attending this meeting typically include the employee, their direct supervisor, a member of the human resources department, and a union representative.
 3. Post-Termination Hearing: if the employee is subsequently terminated, they are entitled to a full evidentiary hearing. The purpose of this meeting is to verify the facts presented against the employee, and whether or not the involuntary termination is justified.
Note: If the employee does not attend the pre-termination hearing, the employer can still proceed with termination.
Related Terms
termination benefits, contractual termination benefits, special termination benefit, constructive discharge, voting rights


Promising prospects for cooperation between DBDH and Castilla y León
Date: 12/11/2013
The memorandum of understanding between Castilla y León and DBDH, initiating the a partnership with the Spanish Bioenergy Association and regional politicians in the region of Castilla y León in Northern Spain seems very promising. The objective of the MOU is to promote renewable energy and make district heating more efficient in the region.
Through the cooperation DBDH intent to create a meeting platform for Danish and Spanish district heating companies and strengthen trading relationships between the two countries. The objective is to help establish Danish companies in the region thus enhancing the use of renewable energy in district heating plants.
Ever since 2006, the numbers of district heating plants in Spain have more than tripled. In the regions of the more cold areas of Spain, there is a rising need for Danish knowledge and technology in terms of heating. The Danish technology will make energy from heating plants more efficient. In addition, it will help to make use of the regions vast resources of forest and agriculture.
There have been a substantial amount of articles in the Spanish in the last days:
Castilla y León y Dinamarca se unen para promover redes de calefacción de biomasaí-en-castilla-y-león
Castilla y León y Dinamarca firman un acuerdo para compartir tecnología en sistemas de biomasa


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The Honey Foundation's vision is to live in a world dedicated to kindness. The youth are our future and if we educate them about Life skills through kindness, we can teach the youth that being kind leads to happiness and success in life. The Kindness Education Program was developed to teach students the importance of performing acts of kindness along with basic life skills, such as positive self-esteem, confidence, effective communication, positive thinking, leadership, philanthropy and community. Results this far indicate that the program has increased the sense of safety and security at the schools, as well as improved student participation, confidence, leadership and positive relationships. Our dream is to be able to share our Kindness Education Program with every school around the world! By providing schools around the world with this program, our dream will come true---a world dedicated to kindness!
It's our mission to make the world a better place, one kind act a time, spreading compassion and generosity across the globe. Kindness is contagious, and it can bee fun, too. That's why The Honey Foundation features interactive ways to track good deeds and watch as one kind action multiplies into a global movement of love and brotherhood.


Home / Adobe InDesign / Adobe InDesign: Removing Unwanted Spaces, Fast!
Adobe InDesign: Removing Unwanted Spaces, Fast!
By Barb Binder, Adobe Certified Instructor on InDesign
Updated April 22, 2016
Too many extra spaces in your InDesign documents? No problem. You can quickly and (painlessly) remove extra spaces by running one or more Find/Change queries. The three I am going to show you are using GREP, which uses patterns instead of actual character strings to locate and fix issues in InDesign documents.
 1. Place all your files into the InDesign document. (I place stories on the Pasteboard when I'm not ready to place them on the actual pages.)
 2. Choose Type > Show Hidden Characters so that you can see the non-printing characters.
 Adobe InDesign: Example of extra spacing.
 3. Chose Edit > Find/Change.
 4. Drop down the Query list on the top line and run each of these queries with the Search parameter set to Document (to search all the stories in the InDesign document):
 1. Multiple Space to Single Space. Instead of running a series of searches to weed out all extra spaces, just pick this one preset. The Find What line looks a little scary, so just don't look too closely. If you simply can't look away, understand that it's a string of GREP characters that looks for two or more spaces (i.e., em spaces, en spaces, flush spaces, hairspaces, etc.) and replaces all of those with one spacebar space. Hit Change All and poof! All extra spaces are gone.
 Adobe InDesign CC: Removing Extra Spaces
 2. Multiple Returns to Single Return. Another preset, this one pulls out all two or more hard returns and replaces with one.
 Adobe InDesign CC: Removing Extra Spaces
 3. Remove Trailing Whitespace. Trailing whitespace refers to one or more spaces, tabs or extra returns at the end of a paragraph, between the final punctuation and the hard return(s). When it's just a single space, most of the time they don't cause any problems, but sometimes they won't fit on the same line as the punctuation and they force a new line or even a new page. For long documents, this can be a real nightmare. This query also picks up the double returns and even multiple spaces (but only when the spaces are at the end of a paragraph) so I tend to run this one first.
 Adobe InDesign CC: Removing Extra Spaces
 Adobe InDesign: Extra spacing removed.
For more information and a list of GREP characters, see InDesign Help / Find/Change.
Leave a Reply to Donetta Cancel reply
42 thoughts on "Adobe InDesign: Removing Unwanted Spaces, Fast!
 1. Hello,
 To complete this interesting post, we can remove unwanted spaces between double characteres as parenthesis, braces, brackets, etc. with a lookbehind and a lookahead :
 In this example, the lookbehind (?<=) looks, in a character class [ ], for an open parenthesis or an open bracket or an open brace followed by one or more spaces. The lookahead (?=) looks for closes characteres preceded by one or more spaces.
 2. Hi Mrolfer: the GREP strings in all three examples are shown as screen shots under the instructions. If you can't see them for some reason, you can access all three by opening up the Find/change dialog box in InDesign CS3 or CS4. ~Barb
 3. WOW, what a relief to find such a piece of information while you ere desperately looking for it!
 Thanks Barb
 4. Is it possible to find all "tabs" and replace with no space? Actually more specifically, I have two tabs in each line of text. The first tab I would like to replace with no space. The second tab I would like to replace with one space.
 I really appreciate anyone's incredible knowledge if you have a solution for this as my document has 10751 tabs. 😮
 1. Hi Donetta:
 How about searching for two consecutive tabs, and replacing with a single space? Here's how to set it up in InDesign:
 Find what: ^t^t
 Change to: (press the spacebar once)
 5. Love this really, really helpful thanks so much!
 I have a question though. Almost ever time I receive a manuscript from a client, they seem to have manually indented their paragraphs by adding a couple of spaces at the beginning of each one. Is there any quick and simple way to remove these? That way I can use paragraph styles for proper and consistent indentation.
 1. Excellent point, Antony. InDesign has a query for removing trailing whitespace, but not leading whitespace.
 There are several ways to do this. Here are two easy ones:
 After you run the "Multiple Space to Single Space" query, create one additional text query:
 Find what: ^p(press the spacebar once)
 Change to: ^p
 This will find the one remaining space at the beginning of a paragraph, and will replace it with a hard return.
 Or, you can just create a GREP query:
 Find what: $s+
 Change to: r
 In either case, save the query as "Remove Leading Whitespace" so that you can just run it in the future.
 6. I have been in despair with customer's word documents. Instructions on hard returns and soft returns met with blank incomprehension and still I receive files that almost bring me to tears. Line after line of deleting spaces – on and on.
 Your grep instruction has been such a godsend to me, I don't know how I found myself on your site, but if you ever brought out a grep app I would pay good money for it. Thank you so much. I can now say "bring it on…bring on your awful word docs"
 BTW have you got any instructions for removing the spaces in lines, when the customer doesn't know how to tab, so does space-space-space-space?
 1. Hi Elizabeth:
 If the typists are randomly adding the extra spaces mid-paragraph, use the Multiple Space to Single Space GREP query. If they are using spaces between columns that should be tabbed, then search for multiple spaces, and replace with a tab. Cycle back and replace multiple tabs with a single tab. But that's going to require that you look at each table closely as you update, as the chances for problems are much greater than within paragraphs. Here's a spot where I'd step in and try to help them prepare the tables correctly before turning them over to me. Good luck!
 1. Hello,
 I have one problem in indesign paragraph related. When i add new formatting like bold/color in some words, it add leading some blank characters. so extra spaces add in new bold/ color words. How can i remove it.
 Thanks in advance.
 7. thanks SO much. your directions were clear and easy to follow AND you saved me a TON of time!
 8. I have been formatting a 400+ page book that I have written and I am sending it to the printer next week. I have struggled with a number of these issues as I originally wrote the book in Word. I ran the Remove Trailing Whitespace GREP and after I did it, InDesign would no longer output to PDF. It turns out that something corrupted one of my tables when I ran the GREP and clicked change all. I began to output the document several pages at a time and located two offending pages. I was able to rebuild the tables and everything is great now.
 I just did the Remove Leading Whitespace and Parenthetical White Space and did the changes manually and it worked awesome!
 I finished writing the book in April and it has taken me until November to get it all edited and formatted and create the images and cover. I never dreamed that this part of the process would be so time intensive!!!
 I am a dentist and a part time writer and I have come to realize that you professional folks are worth your weight in gold!
 Thanks so much for taking the time to share these tidbits, they are a Godsend!!
 9. I design books and often the authors put a tab at the beginning of their paragraphs. I need to removed them using GREP but don't remember how. Can you help?
 1. You don't need GREP for that. Just do a regular text Find/Change:
 Find: ^p^t
 Change: ^p
 This tells InDesign to search for any tab character following a ¶, remove the tab and leave the ¶.
 1. Hi Cade:
 Choose Edit > Find/Change
 Choose the GREP tab at the top of the dialog box
 Find: ^\s
 Change: [leave blank]
 10. Thanks, been thinking I needed to create a GREP for this but clearly this was there the whole time. Saves from doing the old-fashioned find and replace.
 11. Life saver, I tell my copy guy not to double space anymore your not using a typewriter. But old habits are hard to break. Thank you so much this is so awesome.


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Location Change: Closing the Loop √ §
Part of the FDC's NEW Leadership & Teaching Series!
Each semester faculty and staff gather to discuss student learning challenges and achievements and collaborate on ways to improve. Join your colleagues to discuss how you have improved student learning through evidence-based interventions—share your examples, learn new ideas, and reflect on institutional-level interventions. Or bring a learning challenge to discuss with your colleagues. Lunch will be provided.
√ Counts toward ALIT Certificate
§ Counts towards INNOVATE Certificate
New! Leadership & Teaching Series
UMBC's Faculty Development Center Launches the Leadership & Teaching Series!
Sessions in this series are designed to help you to reflect on challenges in teaching facing higher education and how you, in your role as a formal or informal leader at UMBC, can contribute to innovative solutions. Faculty and staff colleagues will address specific challenges in interactive presentations designed to help you explore key questions, for example,
- How can you use research to improve teaching, learning, and curriculum design?
- How can you connect to other teaching leaders to identify common challenges and devise shared solutions?
- How can you contribute to a collaborative culture of evidence-based teaching to improve student learning?
- How can you identify policies, processes, and technologies that make it easier to gather and use evidence of student learning?
Who should attend?
- Chairs, deans, graduate program directors, and others in formal leadership roles
- Faculty and staff with informal leadership roles or who aspire to be campus leaders
We launch our series in early March with Bridging Student Learning Outcomes and Student Success Analytics, an interactive program that demonstrates how faculty and staff integrate assessment and learning analytics data to improve student success. Our second program, Closing the Loop, invites you to share evidence of learning challenges and collaborate with colleagues on potential solutions.


text:
Analysis of Diffraction Corrections for Rectangular Ultrasonic Radiators in a Rigid Screen,
FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY DIV WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OHIO
Pagination or Media Count:
The paper presents the results of the calculation of diffraction corrections for radiating and receiving transducers of the square shape. Graphs and tables of the average pressure on the receiving transducer as a function of the generalized distance are given.
- Electrical and Electronic Equipment


text:
Mathematisches Seminar der Universität Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 55, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
Abstract: Let $V$ be a finite dimensional vector space over a field $K$ with a non-degenerate symmetric, alternating, or hermitian scalar product. We characterize the orbits of $m$-tuples of vectors of $V$ under the group of isometries of $V$ by the Gram matrix and an additional subspace of $K^m$. This characterization will then be applied to determine all $m$-point invariants of real euclidean, spherical, hyperbolic, and de-Sitter geometries.
Classification (MSC91): 15A63, 51M10, 83A05
Full text of the article:


Derro found living under the earth
Back to Alien Races and Descriptions
Burlington UFO and Paranormal Research Center
WASHINGTON -- Weekly World News has uncovered the shocking discovery
a race of underground Mole People living 20 miles beneath the Earth,
using secret tunnels to enter the United States!
This discovery was made not by archaeologists, but by NASA scientists
tunneling deep inside the Earth -- and they're trying to keep the
existence of this race covered up!
A NASA insider has leaked exclusive photos and information about these
"cave people" under the condition of anonymity. "This story has to be
told," says the source. "It's just too big to keep under wraps."
The source excitedly spilled some big secrets about the Mole People.
"They seem to be a friendly race," he says, "But they're very
primitive. We're trying to communicate with them, but it's a
complicated task since they don't speak English.
"The Mole People, as we've nicknamed them, have easy access to the
surface world," states the source. "That said, President Bush is
handling the situation with an abundance of caution.
"One wrong move could result in the creatures declaring war on the
surface. We're not even sure how many of them there are. We've only
seen one city so far, with an estimated 2,000 Mole People in
"But it's been suggested that there likely are several million of them
living in sprawling and cavernous underground cities, scattered
the Earth's surface."
The creatures have some strong similarities to humans -- but also a
significant differences.
"Like us, they walk on two legs, but they're much taller than the
average human -- standing 8 to 10 feet tall. Their fingers are
claw-like. And their hands are webbed and designed for digging, not
unlike the claws of a mole.
"Their skin is super-tough. It has to withstand the intense heat and
rugged conditions found below the Earth's surface."
There seems to have been some contact and interplay between humans and
the subterraneans at some point in history -- they speak a language
similar to an old Navajo dialect.
The source says the Mole People have ultradense musculature, making
them capable of extreme violence.
"When one member of the expedition lit a cigarette lighter, the Mole
People interpreted it as a threat and attacked him.
"They pounced on him like jungle cats, nearly snuffing him out along
with his cigarette. He was lucky to escape with his life."
The Mole People are reportedly very curious about the surface world --
our clothes, our gadgets and especially our foods. They particularly
enjoy our fresh fruit.
"I brought them some grapes, and they acted like it was a feast," the
source says. "Obviously they can't grow fruit of their own, living 20
miles beneath the Earth's surface."
NASA is reportedly eager to study the Mole People. "We want to find
everything about them -- what they eat, how they live, and, most
importantly, what is their relationship to the human race.
"We're curious if they are related to us in some way. Are they the
genetic ancestors of modern man?"
Experts say speculation has been widely varied on the Mole People.
"They could be anything from Yetis to space aliens to descendants of
the survivors of the lost city of Atlantis.
Experts say this discovery has raised a number of serious and
questions, including:
Are the towering inhabitants of the civilization hostile and warlike
friendly and cooperative?
Will they make territorial claims on the surface of Earth? And what
about crucial oil and mineral reserves below the surface? Who owns
them: the Mole People -- or us?
How is it that NASA -- whose official mission is to explore outer
-- discovered the underground culture?
Tight-lippped NASA spokesmen would neither confirm nor deny the
Pressured by reporters, a White House spokesman promised information
"as I am authorized to provide it." But he warned: "That won't be
anytime soon."
According to the source, NASA "stumbled on" the underground
civilization in August while running a classified project code-named
Operation Mole Hole -- an initiative that reporters now believe may
have involved spying on China, using new "underground technologies."
"So far NASA has found secret cavern entrances to the underground
in areas around Washington State's Mount Shasta, Mammoth Cave in
Kentucky and also scattered throughout the southwestern U.S.," said
For centuries, man has speculated about the existence of creatures
beneath the Earth's surface.
Now, for the first time, it seems those suspicions have been proven
But whether these creatures are benevolent or enemies of all mankind
remains to be seen.
Webmaster Note: Personally I believe that if they are of a previous race from a forgotten time and have lived among or under us all this time, why would the government even think of them as
enemies and fearful of an attack. Iam quite convinced that if this was their plan, they would have done it along time ago.
Below I have submitted the Agartha Map and you can compare tunnel entrances located on it with the previous article.
Here is the information I have on our Alien Description Site concerning the Dero and Tero, both subterrain races.
I found several descriptions describing the Teros and Deros. I will submit what has been presented to me and leave it up to you to draw your own conclusions.
The First:
A term describing various human groups who inhabit the cavern systems
and re-established antediluvian cities beneath the North American
continent. Many of these may be descended from early American
colonists, while others are apparently descended from older
civilizations such as ancient native Americans who went underground
hundreds and/or thousands of years ago.
The nemesis of the Tero are
the 'Dero', which apparently consist of draconian or reptilian
controlled elements.
The Second:
Explains the Teros as an underground civilization as well, but refer to them as non-humans.
The Teros are more friendly and help keep the Deros, who are more demented from having
excessive power.
They live in underground tunnels, cities and sometimes under the sea.
A problem I have with the Dero name NASA gives to the subterrean people they found is that by all of the descriptions I have found on the Dero they were more of a Dwarf-like creature...never
have I seen one described as 8-10 foot tall. Let's check out some of the other inner-world races and see if we can find a more fitting description and name for what NASA has descovered.............
Beneath our Earth's surface is the 'Inner World' with seemingly endless natural caverns and artificial tunnels spreading out and down into the earth. These passages have their own peculiar
underground ecology of water-dwellers and lichens, mosses and fungi. In its upper levels, this dark realm is inhabited by humanoids of every sort. Farther down are stranger races, most hostile
to surface-dwellers.
Drow, the evil dark elves, thrive in ''Inner Earth'. They trade with or war on other races there and on the surface, and are renowned as spellcasters.
Duergar, the gray dwarves, inhabit deep regions and seldom venture to the surface. Organized and intelligent, they easily hold their own against other subterranean races. They are masters of
stoneand metalworking, but hate their cousins, the hill and mountain dwarves.
The stunted dwarflike derro are among the worst of the Under-Oerth races. They crave magic, power and slaves. They are hated and distrusted even by other evil races, which avoid them. Every
twenty years, derro explode outward through the underworld, attacking anything they encounter and destroying or enslaving weaker races.
Jermlaine look like miniature humans that stand twelve to eighteen inches high. These troublesome gremlins love to swarm and rob larger beings, leaving the stripped victims for monsters to find.
Jermlaine like rats, and share their lairs.
Troglodytes are manlike reptiles that dwell underground. These creatures emit a nasty musk in battle that disables humans, demihumans and humanoids, allowing the trogs to kill quickly and
take the bodies back to their lair for a feast.
For more information on human abductions by these creatures click here
Kuo-toa are fish-men, the descendants of an ancient race almost completely destroyed by humanity. The few survivors found refuge beneath the earth. Now they struggle to hold their own
against smarter, faster, more powerful races.
Wererats are frequently seen in the upper levels of the Inner Earth, particularly beneath the Hellfurnaces and in the sewers of cities and towns they have infiltrated in their human forms. They
conduct trade with other races, both under-and aboveground.
Beholders may have come to Earth from another world or plane. A beholder resembles a sphere about four to six feet across, with a single huge eye, a fang-filled mouth and ten eyestalks
crowning the sphere. A beholder can levitate to any height, floating at the speed of a slowly walking human. Xenophobic and cruel, beholders cast powerful magical rays from their eyestalks; the
central eye can cancel out magic used against the beholder. Very few people ever ever see a Beholder. Fewer still will


text:
decreasing function of the distance between the dyes. The distance d (as derived from the arm twist theory above) where EFRET is exactly 0.5 is defined as the Förster radius rF. The following equation describes EFRET as a function of the torsion angle of twisted arms according to the arm-twist theory:
For d=rF=6,5 nm (see below), D=13 nm and R=4 nm (both parameters derived from theU's structure), α=23,5°. Knowledge of this value is somewhat important for estimating the right experimental conditions to measure within the linear FRET range.
As FRET labels we use the fluorophores Atto 550 and Atto 647N. The Förster distance for this pair is 6.5 nm according to AttoTec. Both dyes are commercially available linked to ddNTPs, so they can be attached to oligonucleotides using terminal transferase. The fluorophores not only exhibit a high stability against photobleaching, but also have excitation and fluorescence spectra that fit to the setup of the self-made fluorescence microscope in our lab. Thus we have not only the possibility to measure FRET at the photospectrometer and the more sensitive real time PCR, but can also perform single molecule experiments at our TIRF microscope.
|Since theU is a 3D object, there are many different options for positioning the fluorophores. |
First, they can have different positions in the X-Y-plane, each referring to a particular helix the fluorophores are attached to. We considered a total of 4 symmetric and 3 asymmetric solutions as seen in the figure to the right. The following positions are at the arms' interface: A1 (helix 8), B2 (helix 4), C2 (helix 5), D1 (helix 7) on one arm and A2 (helix 23), B1 (helix 29), C1 (helix 20), D2 (helix 22) on the other. The four symmetric solutions are: A1→A2 and B1→B2 with a distance of 12 nm as well as C1→C2 and D1→D2 with a distance of 5 nm. For our experiments we chose the symmetric solutions A1→A2, B1→B2 and C1→C2, because they complement each other and are more straightforward to analyze due to their symmetry. The expected twist of the arms as seen in the simulation of the naturally (-) twisted positive control is counterclockwise when seen from above. So the pairs B1→B2 and C1→C2 move towards each other with increasing twist until they eclipse, while A1→A2 move apart. For a substance which causes a (+) twist thus deforming the structure clockwise, the opposite pattern could be observed.
Fig. 21: FRET-pair positions marked on the cross section.
Second, different positions along the Z-axis are possible. The relevance of different Z-positions lies in the fact that the fixed basis of theU causes the arms' twist to increase with increasing distance from the base. This way we can adjust the mean displacement due to small molecule binding so it always lies within the linear FRET range. In general, the honeycomb lattice used for theU's construction allows for FRET pairs positioned every 21 basepairs, which is visualized in figure 22 below. Symmetric solutions align without X-axis shift, whereas asymmetric solutions would expose a 7 basepair shift.
Fig. 22: Flourophore positions shown in the caDNAno file.
|At last, some strategies for attaching the fluorophores to the structure deserved some consideration. Shortening the respective staple to accomodate the labeled nucleotide has the advantage of a well-defined length of the staple. But it is also the less flexible solution because changing the fluorophore's position is not straightforward. On the other hand, extending the existing staple with the labelled nucleotide has the opposite merit profile. Flexibility was more important to us, so we chose to extend the existing staples for labeling.|


Is it better a hot water or cold water high pressure cleaner?
Thanks to hot water high pressure cleaner it is possible to remove also grease or oily residues from engines. The cleaning time is short and the surfaces dry more quickly. The cold water removes all types of dirt and can be used for all types of applications.
Turbo nozzle: the best when?
Combining the strength of concentrated high pressure jet to rotary motion, allowing you to work on large surface, turbo nozzle is ideal to remove toughest dirt.
Is it possible to use inlet warm water?
In the case of cold water high pressure cleaners, to prevent damages to the mechanical parts, the maximum inlet water temperature allowed is no more that 40 °C. We would like to remind that hot water high pressure cleaners, in addition to temperatures close to 100 °C, can work obviously with cold water only.
What are the factors influencing the cleaning quality of a pressure cleaner?
The main factor is the physical action of the high pressure flow rate, mechanical and impact action on the surface.; the second factor is the use of hot water, see features mentioned above; the third is the use of detergents; distance from the surface and duration of the cleaning phase are the last two factors that can affect the quality of the perfect clean.
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plastic bottles requires many natural resources, including the oil to manufacture the plastic and expensive transportation costs. And almost 90 percent of all plastic water bottles distributed in this country every year end up in landfills, where they can take up to 1,000 years to biodegrade. By using an Everpure filtration system and refilling your own water bottle, you are already cutting back on these numbers. In addition, Everpure's filtration cartridges need only be replaced once a year.
At Everpure, our goal is to incorporate recycled materials into the manufacturing process at every possible point. Everpure uses partially recycled metals in the fabrication of the filtration cartridges and partially recycled materials in all of our packaging and shipping materials. In addition, we reuse any and all scrap material resulting from the manufacturing process.
At Everpure, we believe that delivering high-quality water through filtration of unwanted contaminants, tastes and odors provides a significant health benefit to our customers, and we remain committed to making as small an environmental footprint as possible.
Q. How fine is the filtration?
A. The HiFlow cartridge filters down to one half of one micron (0.5) in size!
As a guide human hair is 75 microns in size, Giardia cysts are between 1 and 6 microns in size.
Q. Does the filtration process remove fluoride?
A. Fluoride is introduced into our water supplies in a dissolved form and is not removed by the HiFlow filtration process.
Q. What if we move home can I take the filter with me?
A. Yes you can! You simply turn off the water supply at the cold water isolation tap, and unscrew the unit and then reconnect the cold water hose from your main tap back onto the isolation tap. It is advisable to store the filter cartridge in a water tight container during transportation and before reconnection.
Q. Can I use a HiFlow system for my rainwater?
A. Yes you can but please be aware of the following important issues;
 - You must have a pump with minimum pressure of 70kPa (10psi) delivering rainwater to your kitchen sink to ensure that the system performs effectively.
 - It is highly advisable that the water be treated with a pre filter prior to its entry into your home as this prolongs the life of your HiFlow filter cartridge, otherwise you may not achieve 12 months cartridge life.
 - Although the HiFlow filter system will remove cysts which can be prevalent in rainwater due to bird and animal droppings it does not remove bacteria or viruses should they be present in the rainwater supply.
Q. Can I use a filter cartridge other than the HiFlow cartridge?
A. Only the HiFlow filter cartridge fits into the patented HiFlow head assembly and importantly, this ensures that you receive the quality half micron filtered water at the far superior flow rate.
This also protects your 5 year warranty.
Q. Is HiFlow a carbon filter?
A. HiFlow is not just a carbon filter – it is much more - the HiFlow filter cartridge performs three filtration functions within the one canister. This can be explained as follows;
Stage 1
Within the metal canister is a membrane that traps all particles half a micron (0.5) or larger from passing through the filtration process. These particles include sediment, Cysts such as cryptosporidium and giardia, and asbestos fibres. Over time it is this membrane that will become clogged with particles and a reduction in flow may be evident.
Stage 2
The internal membrane described above is impregnated with a special activated carbon compound. This compound will filter out chlorine and any taste, odour or colour issues within the water supply through an absorption filtration process. The useful life of the carbon compound is 12 months.
Stage 3
The final filtration process undertaken by the HiFlow filter cartridge reduces limescale (scale) build up in water using appliances. The final chamber of the HiFlow cartridge contains an amount of polyphosphate to treat calcium and magnesium particle and stop them from forming scale on appliance such as kettles, coffee and ice making machines. The useful life of the polyphosphate is 12 months.
The end result is clean, clear filtered water delivered at mains pressure producing 11,355 litres annually – at a cost of around one (1) cent per litre.
Q. Can Hiflow be connected to hotwater?
A. The simple answer to this question is "No it cannot" - as the internals and performance of the HiFlow cartridge are only certified for use between 2 & 38 degrees C.
The only solution for Hotwater would be to install the HiFlow system within the cold water line that services the hot water heater. However, Hot water heaters use a substantial amount of water so the HiFlow cartridge will require changing more often than 12 months.
Q. What does HiFlow remove?
A. The HiFlow filter Removes
 - 99.99% Cysts – Cryptosporidium and Giardia
 - 98.00% Chlorine
 - 98.90% Lead
 - 99.80% Sediment
 - 99.80% Asbestos
 - 99.00% Turbidity
Health Claim Performance Classified by UL
The system has been tested and certified which ensures that:
 - The manufacturers claims are true.
 - The system does not add anything harmful to the water
 - The system is structurally sound.
 - The literature and labelling are not misleading
Do not use with water that is microbiologically unsafe or of an unknown quality without adequate disinfection before or after the system.
Micron Rating?
Most filters have a micron rating according to the porous structure. The lower the micron rating the finer the filtration. Higher micron rated filters are for coarse filtration and lower micron ratings are for finer filtration. As a guide suspended solids such as dirt, rust etc. are mostly removed at 20 microns down to 5 microns.
Sediment and dirt filters
Rope wound filters have been replaced with polypropylene filters commonly call poly spun filters. poly spun sediment filters have a high dirt holding capacity and have an excellent flow rate until they are totally loaded with sediment. Pleated washable filters have a large surface area and may be washed 3-5 times. Pleated filters don't have the depth of the poly spun filters to hold sediment but have a larger surface area due to the pleats. Pleated filters trap dirt on the surface so it can be mostly washed off. They will not restrict flow until they are totally covered with sediment. Sediment filters are used as whole of house filters or as pre filters before carbon filters, as carbon doesn't have the same high flow capacity and will restrict the flow when sediment clogs the carbon's porous structure.
Carbon filters
Activated carbon is a widely used method for drinking water treatment. Activation of carbon is achieved by high temperature steam, which produces a very high surface area in the carbon allowing the carbon to absorb organic matter, chlorine, chemicals and so on improving bad taste and odours. Carbon comes in granules or is pressed into solid block filters. Silver impregnated carbon is excellent for inhibiting the growth of bacteria in the filter carbon. It's very important to use the right filter for your situation and needs as in flow rate, water quality and level of filtration required.
Having problem replacing the water filter on your Samsung fridge?
Can't replace the water filter on your Samsung fridge? Your filter goes partially in and turns but turns completely round and round without locking in and pops out when you turn the water on?
The filter should just fit into the filter housing the one way. Then you must push up and twist clockwise to lock in place. You should feel it lock in. If you don't, then obviously you see the filter will just come right out.
If the filter will not stay in place, pull it out and make sure that all the caps to the filters are removed and that the locking end of the filter is not damaged in any way.
When you replace your filter, please make sure you bleed the line after removing the filter. This will release the tension and pressure in the line and tank. Then, turn the water supply off to the ref and then get a large pitcher and get water from the door of the ref and let it run for approximately five minutes. This will empty the tank and water lines in the ref and will lessen the pressure in the water filter.
Then, remove the water filter once you have checked that you have used all the water, have let out a little air and there is no more water comes out of the door. It should simply untwist out. Replace with new water filter by pushing the new filter into the housing but make sure to not line up the lock symbol on the water filter to the lock on the water filter housing. The lock symbol on the water filter should only match up to the water filter housing after it has been twisted into place.
It may not go fully back into place. So again, please be sure the lock on the filter is to the left of the lock on the filter housing, and then push up into the filter housing and twist clockwise to lock in place.
If the filter locks in place, then turn the water supply back on to the ref and again bleed the line for about five minutes. This will force all the air out of the line and prevent the water from sputtering out of the dispenser.
Still will not fit in place?
If the filter still doesn't lock in place then unfortunately, you may have to call for service.
In this case, you


Author Topic: A way to connect 1 output to a large numbers of (function) nodes inputs (Read 425 times)
I regularly work on filters that take a large number of samples or iterations and it can be a real headache when you expose a new variable for one of your iterations and to connect it in your main graph to, say, 64 iterations of that subgraph.
I just added a new input to this function
And now I have to reconnect it, indeed, 64 times.
For me, this situation comes up on the regular.
Functionality wise, I imagine something like this:
First you select the node with the output you want to connect. Through a button load this selection as "source node". Then either by output number or by identifier select which output will be connected to the group of receiving nodes.
Now select the group of nodes that will receive the new input. Press a button to load in this selection as "receiving nodes". Then select which input all of these nodes will connect, by number or identifier.
Finally press a button to connect the selected output to all of the selected inputs.
I imagine this might be possible through Python, but I personally have little programming experience, so don't really know where to even start.


| From: Thomas Bushnell BSG
 | Date: Thu, 02 Jun 2005 09:16:37 -0700
 | Aubrey Jaffer writes:
 | > To first order:
 | >
 | > (define (precision-of x) (string-length (number->string x)))
 | >
 | > R5RS requires all numbers to have external representations; and it
 | > specifies the allowed formats.
 | What? number->string does not specify the allowed formats for
 | exact numbers, only for inexact (and only for some inexact numbers
Yes, I should have written "inexact numbers".
 | at that). This isn't an accident; it was done specifically for
 | just this reason, to allow for different representations. See the
 | Rationale:
 | "The unspecified case allows for infinities, NaNs, and non-flonum
 | representations."
 | So if X is an exact version of sqrt 2, it's perfectly fine for
 | number->string to return anything that string->number can
 | understand.
Can number->string return a string which can't be READ as a number?
I had thought that 6.2.4 "Syntax of numerical constants" and 7.1.1
"Lexical structure" applied to the results of NUMBER->STRING. If they
are independent, a note about that should be added to the report.


text: Despite a growing effort to implement computational thinking (CT) skills in primary schools, little research is reported about what CT skills to teach at what age. Therefore, the research questions that guide this study read: (1) How is age related to students' success in computational thinking tasks? (2) How are computational thinking tasks perceived by students? (3) How do students' experience learning with respect to computational thinking? 200 primary school students between the age of 6 and 12 participated in this study. These students got introduced to two CT subjects: abstraction and decomposition. We found that age seems to be related with these concepts, with an interaction effect for gender in the abstraction task. No differences found between young and older students in the constructs perceived difficulty, cognitive load, and flow indicate that young primary school students can engage in learning these CT skills.


text:
Using Brinqa to Improve Application Security and Reduce Risk.
This case study describes the implementation of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC), tied to a risk analysis view, using Brinqa technology. As a result, the Depository Trust and Clearing Corporation (DTCC) achieved improved application security risk and SDLC governance.
- Automated SDLC process with criteria defined by quantitative modeling to determine application lifecycle state.
- Capability to measure the trends of application risk scores with a data warehouse.
- Customized visibility for business owners and senior management of application risk, tailored to their specific needs.
- Prioritization of the issues by risk to the organization.
- Consistent and clear information on risk posture.
- Effective and efficient resource utilization.
- Ability to predict and respond to threats.
- Automated, relevant and efficient risk assessments.


text:
Children are significantly more likely to maintain a relationship with financial institutions and have greater financial assets later in life when they own a savings account earlier in life. However, some children gain access to savings accounts while others do not—an inequity that tends to be based on parents' socio-economic status. This paper explores the case for extending financial inclusion to children by improving access to basic financial services. Such an approach may offer a number of economic benefits, especially among those children whose parents have limited financial resources. Policy innovations that make savings accounts widely available to children may be a valuable tool to trigger increased savings behavior that can continue into adulthood and lead to improved financial outcomes over the long-term.
This paper builds a case for extending early financial inclusion to children by discussing how early financial inclusion might accelerate their capabilities to save and presents research findings on the current state of children's savings. The paper discusses policy innovations and recommendations for designing an infrastructure that extends financial inclusion to children. The paper also presents research findings by Friedline and colleagues that inform how children experience early financial inclusion by predicting their financial outcomes, including savings accounts and amount saved.
Finally, research findings are used to describe how policies might be re-envisioned to develop infrastructure around children's savings and maximize benefits to children whose parents have few financial resources. The paper expands on the ASPIRE Act (a legislative proposal that would provide every American child with a savings account at birth for post-secondary education, homeownership and retirement) by proposing infrastructure improvements that more successfully extend financial inclusion to all children.
Click here to read the full paper.


text:
Projective transformation is a mathematical correction (implemented in software) used in the remote imaging field to produce distortion-free images. We present the application of projective transformation to correct minor alignment and astigmatism distortions that are inherent in dispersive spectrographs. Patterned white-light images and neon emission spectra were used to produce registration points for the transformation. Raman transects collected on microscopy and fiber-optic systems were corrected using established methods and compared with the same transects corrected using the projective transformation. Even minor distortions have a significant effect on reproducibility and apparent fluorescence background complexity. Simulated Raman spectra were used to optimize the projective transformation algorithm. We demonstrate that the projective transformation reduced the apparent fluorescent background complexity and improved reproducibility of measured parameters of Raman spectra. Distortion correction using a projective transformation provides a major advantage in reducing the background fluorescence complexity even in instrumentation where slit-image distortions and camera rotation were minimized using manual or mechanical means. We expect these advantages should be readily applicable to other spectroscopic modalities using dispersive imaging spectrographs.
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text:
Whitefly parasitoids are small wasps. There are two parasitoids that are commonly encountered on cotton farms, Encarsia and Eretmocerus.
The two parasitoids target different nymphal stages of whitefly making them complementary rather than competitive.
Identification: Encarsia is tiny (<1mm long) parasitic wasp which has an orange coloured abdomen and black head and thorax. Whitefly parasitised by Encarsia turn dark brown or black.
Eretmocerus is also tiny, although slightly larger than Encarsia, and completely yellow except for three distinctive red ocelli on the top of the head arranged in a triangle. They are winged and can travel several hundred metres in a day, possibly wind assisted. Males are very rare.
Whitefly parasitised by Eretmocerus turn yellow/brown with red to green eyes visible within the whitefly shell just prior to emergence. The adult Eretmocerus cuts a circular emergence hole in the upper shell.
Lifecycles: Encarsia lays its eggs into the second, third and fourth nymphal stages of the whitefly. The egg hatches inside the immature whitefly (also known as scale) and the wasp larva feeds inside of it. Within two weeks the scale turns black and a wasp emerges soon after.
Eretmocerus lays its egg into the 1st and 2nd stage whitefly nymphs (mostly 2nd) depositing a single egg under but not into the ventral surface of the whitefly nymph. On hatching, after (~4 days), the tiny larva bores into the whitefly nymph over the next 3-4 days and waits until the whitefly pupates. At this stage the whitefly pupae is a cream colour. It then releases digestive enzymes which dissolve the whitefly innards which are used by the wasp larva to complete development. With three larval stages, development from egg to adult takes about 14-28 days, depending on temperature.
Habitat: Eretmocerus are crops specialists, but are also found in grassy margins with broad leaf weeds that harbour Bemisia. Encarsia are found in more habitat types including native remnant vegetation, the edge habitat between remnants and crops and crops.
Targeted prey: Both parasitoid species attack Whitefly Bemisia types in varying proportions through the season.
"Adult Encarsia lays its eggs into the second, third and fourth nymphal stages of the whitefly." 1-2mm Photo: C. Mares
Parasite_Encarsia in SLW_Zara
"Whitefly parasitised by Encarsia turn dark brown or black." <1mm Photo: Z. Hall
"Adult Eretmocerus lays its egg into the 1st and 2nd stage whitefly nymphs (mostly 2nd)." 1-2 mm Photo: Z. Hall
"Non-parasitised whitefly nymphs have mycetomes (small yellow bodies) that are symmetrically aligned." <1mm Photo: T. Smith
"This parasitised whitefly nymph shows displaced mycetomes (small yellow bodies) appearing as a squiggle within its body." <1mm Photo: Z. Hall


text:
Next: Lu and Torquato Up: Lognormally Distributed Spheres Previous: Pleau and Pigeon
The equation for G given in Eqn. 13 for the sphere distribution of Eqn. 11 can also be used to approximate the correct value of G for the zeroth-order logarithmic distribution used here. The parameters a and b in Eqn. 11 are chosen to yield a sphere diameter distribution with the same modal diameter Dm and specific surface as the logarithmic distribution used here. The specific surface and the modal diameter are related to the parameters from the following equations:
The corresponding values of the parameters are
The corresponding equation for G is
Note again that the value of the numerator differs very little from that in Eqn. 10. Since the distribution proposed by Attiogbe is based upon the zeroth-order logarithmic function used here, it is reasonable to expect that a corrected form for Eqn. 13 which is based the zeroth-order logarithmic distribution would differ very little from the above result. It is this equation for G that is used in Tables 6--8.
As in the case of monosized spheres, the Attiogbe equation does not appear to accurately estimate any reported statistic of the void-void spacing distribution. In the data shown in Table 7, the Attiogbe equation t is nearly an order of magnitude greater than both the 50 th and the 95 th percentiles. As the paste air fraction increases from 0.02 to 0.07, the value of tG only decreases by 10%, where as the measured values decrease by 50%.
Table 8 shows the performance of G in estimating the fraction of paste within either t or tG of an air void surface for lognormally distributed radii. Again, since the Lu and Torquato equation performs so well for the lognormally distributed spheres, it is treated as the true value. As in the case of monosized spheres, the parameter G does not provide a useful estimate of the paste volume fraction within either t or tG of an air void surface. The value of G for the two greatest air contents, although correct, is unremarkable since a cursory analysis would predict that the volume fraction of paste within one half the mean free path should be nearly unity.


Drop forging manufacturer
Home » News » Mechanical Processing after Carburizing Treatment of Drop Forging
Mechanical Processing after Carburizing Treatment of Drop Forging
In order to achieve high surface hardness and surface roughness, improve fatigue strength, and meet working performance of drop forgings, Mechanical processing will be operated after carburizing treatment. The mechanical processing after carburizing treatment is generally as follows:
1) Machining
The surface carbon content after carburizing is high, and after heat treatment, the surface of drop forged blanks will exsit a large amount of residual austenite, easy to form grinding cracks, such as burns and crack, in the process of grinding. Besides, grinding crack can also produce if there is thick carbide, carbide network or carbide film. So in the process of Mechanical Processing, we should refer to the technical requirements of carburizing forgings, choose the correct process parameters according to the specific characteristics. This will help improve the quality of the drop forgings, and can guide the actual machining.
2) Shot blasting
Shot blast the carburized drop forgings into shot blasting machines, pill granule will impact the products with high speed of 50 ~ 70 m/s after a certain period of time, on the surface depth range of 0.1 ~ 0. 25 mm, drop forgings will win the uniform cold work hardening layer, thus to improve the hardnss of forging surface. Its effect has a direct relationship with the original organization of material surface. There will be obvious hardening effect if the surface has redundant residual austenite organization after quenching. Once appear carbide network on the surface, it will cause the emergence of surface crack, therefore, there is a strict control and requirements on the quenching organization of carburized forging surface.
3) Rolling or polishing
To improve the fatigue life, and the strengthening effect of drop forging surface, except for shot blasting processing, drop forgings can also be rolled or polished processing, namely rolling or rolling friction polishing. It is a kind of cold work hardening and strengthening technologies on the surface, which has the following features:
a) Improving surface hardness, change the size and distribution of residual stresses.
b) Improve surface finish of drop forgings.
c) Increase bending fatigue strength and touching fatigue strength.
I have an Opinion:
Plz Calculate (7 - 4) =
(Your comment will show after approved.)
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text:
Anonymous posted on Thursday, September 01, 2005 - 11:23 am
I am running a multigroup MIMIC analysis with Type = Missing and am examining the frequency of the data patterns generated by the Patterns output option. For all four of my groups,when I add up the frequencies of the data patterns, I get a number that is larger than the number of observations sample size)listed in the SUMMARY OF ANALYSIS output for the group. Could you please explain why this difference occurs?
Here are the details:
709 obs omitted bacause of missing value on grouping variable
Group1: sum of pattern freqs = 546 but sample size listed in output = 516
Group2: sum of pattern freqs = 594 but sample size listed in output = 555
Group3: sum of pattern freqs = 789 but sample size listed in output = 744
Group 4: sum of pattern freqs = 628 but sample size listed in output = 560.
I note that when I add the printed sample sizes and the 709 omitted observations, I get 3,084 which is the real number of observation in my data file.


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Welcome to Hong Kong Youth Care Association's website.
Our service areas include the followings:
 1. To help the poor out of poverty and contribute to the community;
 2. To assist the social security assistances and immigrant families to integrate to the society;
 3. To offer employment opportunities and on-job training to people in difficulties;
 4. To improve personal skills and living standard of chronically ill peoples and disables. So they have chances to self-reliance;
 5. To provide family support, child development and elderly care services;
 6. To grant educational fund as a school sponsoring body.
(C) 2007~2009 Hong Kong Youth Care Association.


text:
Word Of the Week (WOW) is a weekly meme created by Heena Rathore P. (me.) It's a fun way to improve one's vocabulary by learning new words every week. If you want to participate then simply do a post with your WORD and leave the link to your post as a comment on one of my WOW post.
Here's the WOW for this week :
Part Of Speech:
ambidexterity |-ˈstɛrɪti| noun
- Able to use the right and left hands equally well.
- (of an implement) designed to be used by left-handed and right-handed people with equal ease.
Mid 17th century: from late Latin ambidexter (from Latin ambi- 'on both sides' + dexter'right-handed') + -ous.
Use In Sentences:
- Few of us are naturally ambidextrous.
- My brother is ambidextrous while I am right-handed.
- We got an ambidextrous tile gauge.
I hope you guys like this word and hope it's useful to you in some or the other way! If you want to check out more words like this, then visit my page: