text:
and protect your eyelashes.
How can you prevent eyelash loss?
Preventing eyelash loss primarily involves adopting good eyelash care practices and avoiding factors that can contribute to lash damage. Following these measures can significantly reduce the risk of eyelash loss and maintain the health and beauty of your natural lashes.
When should there be a concern about eyelash loss?
Excessive eyelash loss should raise concerns and be dealt with to ensure the early detection and management of potential issues.Being aware of the amount of eyelash loss will help you determine when there is an issue.
What about eyelash growth enhancers?
Eyelash growth enhancers are products designed to stimulate the growth of longer, thicker, and fuller eyelashes. They have recently gained popularity as many people aspire to achieve more luscious lashes. There are considerations when looking for a good eyelash growth enhancer.
Frequently asked questions
Why do you lose eyelashes?
Losing eyelashes is a natural and ongoing process due to the eyelash growth cycle. Each eyelash goes through three phases: the anagen (growth) phase, the catagen (rest) phase, and the telogen (shedding) phase. At any given time, various lashes are in different phases of this cycle.
Eyelashes shed as part of their normal life cycle to make way for new ones. On average, humans shed one to five eyelashes per day. Factors like age, genetics, and overall health can influence the rate of shedding. For example, as we age, the growth phase shortens, leading to thinner and more fragile lashes that may shed more easily.
Additionally, external factors can contribute to eyelash loss, such as harsh makeup removal, excessive rubbing, certain medical conditions (like alopecia areata or thyroid disorders), and medications (such as chemotherapy).
How many eyelashes does a person lose a day?
On average, a person loses approximately one to five eyelashes per day. This eyelash loss is part of the natural growth cycle known as the anagen, catagen, and telogen phases. Each individual eyelash goes through these phases, allowing for continuous renewal and replacement.
During the anagen (growth) phase, new eyelashes form and grow. This phase can last several weeks to a couple of months. Following the growth phase, eyelashes enter the catagen (resting) phase, which is a transitional period that lasts a few weeks. Finally, in the telogen (shedding) phase, old eyelashes fall out to make room for new ones. This phase lasts a few months.
The shedding of one to five eyelashes daily typically goes unnoticed because it occurs gradually and is a normal part of the eyelash growth cycle.
Which eyelash serum is safe?
The safety and effectiveness of eyelash serums can vary widely depending on the product and its ingredients. While many OTC eyelash serums are generally safe for most people, it's essential to exercise caution and consider individual factors, such as allergies and sensitivities before using any product. In addition, using products such as VolumLash can be used to enhance lash growth. VolumLash uses natural ingredients to strengthen lashes while also making them darker and longer and preventing breakage. It can also be applied to eyebrows as well to grow and thicken hair.
What happens if you lose eyelashes?
Losing eyelashes, as a natural part of the eyelash growth cycle, typically has no significant negative consequences. It usually will regrow naturally since when you lose an eyelash, a new one will eventually grow in its place. Eyelashes serve as a vital protective barrier for your eyes, shielding them from dust, debris, and other potential irritants. Losing a few eyelashes does not compromise this function, as the remaining lashes continue to provide adequate protection. There may be cosmetic concerns if eyelashes are lost as it may temporarily impact the appearance of your eyes, but they will gradually regrow over time.
Overall, losing a few eyelashes each day is a normal and natural process, and is the body's mechanism to ensure that lashes remain functional and look good over time. However, if you experience persistent or significant lash loss, it's advisable to consult a healthcare professional to rule out any underlying causes.
Losing a few eyelashes each day is a normal and natural part of the eyelash growth cycle. These hairs not only enhance our appearance but also play a crucial role in protecting our eyes from external elements. While eyelash loss should not generally raise alarm, it's essential to be mindful of sudden or excessive shedding, as it could indicate underlying issues that require attention. Maintaining good eyelash care habits, using reputable eyelash products such as VolumeLash and seeking professional guidance when necessary can help ensure that our eyelashes remain healthy and functional providing both protection and beauty to the eyes. Prevention and care are ultimately the best eyelash loss treatment.


Review: Stories: The Path of Destinies
Picture Edge of Tomorrow (aka Live. Die. Repeat.) reimagined as a children's fairytale storybook and then adapted into an anthropomorphic action-RPG. That's Stories: The Path of Destinies in a nutshell. Let me explain how this all works.
Path of Destinies is presented as a fantasy storybook starring the dashing pirate fox Reynardo, who finds himself playing the role of unlikely hero (or anti-hero, depending on how you play) in a conflict between a secret underground rebellion and an evil toad emperor with his imperial army of ravens. The storybook has many potential outcomes, each resulting with the death of Reynardo and the book restarting from page one, with all level, skill, and upgrade advancement maintained for each successive adventure. So it's like an endless choose your own adventure with a cumulative new game plus, which is a really neat idea. That neat idea is executed, by and large, very well.
Each playthrough–or "story"–consists of five chapters typically taking around 45 minutes to an hour to finish altogether. Each chapter ends with a decision point which determines one of many potential twists and turns Reynardo's tale can take. Once you complete a story, the outcome is logged on an index board of sorts, where recaps of previous stories can be viewed so you know which choice sequences have already been followed. The choices are categorized by four primary plot lines involving a love interest, a shady friend, a demonic gem of immense, soul-consuming power (yeah, it's basically the "One Ring" of this story), and the assembly of a legendary weapon to serve as a game changer for the Rebellion. To achieve the main ending, you need to uncover four truths by unlocking one outcome in each plot path, afterward those truths can be followed along the correct decision path to achieve the heroic climax. So, if everything is done perfectly, it takes five playthroughs at a minimum to reach the credits crawl–though you can continue replaying ad nauseam to uncover all possible decisions and stories. Personally, I've finished nine stories in as many hours, and according to the index there are 24 unique story endings.
Naturally, the heart of the story is the narrator. Julian Casey, the game's lone voice actor, delivers a standout performance, narrating the entire story and doing all the different character voices like a parent reading a storybook to a child. I was put off by him initially for some reason, but as time went on he grew on me more and more as I found his tone to hit the right balance between serious and snarky, dark and whimsical, with just the right amount of tongue-in-cheek humor to even things out. The developers wrote an immense amount of dialogue, and even though certain story beats are told the same way every single time, rarely does the narrator repeat himself. In fact, he's seemingly been given a joke book full of one-liners and references to add fun commentary to common game occurrences like opening treasure chests and smashing boxes and pots.
What's also neat about the live-die-repeat format, is the way each successive story sparks a memory in Reynardo's mind, so when familiar events occur or certain choices present themselves again the associated narration reflects this with a new insight he has about the situation, helping to guide you along a different course on the path of destinies. Additionally, the levels themselves become altered, so one pathway that you took on a previous playthrough may be blocked off the next time around, forcing you to take a different path. Each level generally has two or three route possibilities, and the great thing from a visual standpoint is the way the floating island environments are layered so different parts of the map can be seen above, below, and in the background, incentivizing you to return to that place on a later run and take a different route to try to find the treasure chest that was previously visible far off in the distance but couldn't be reached.
Stories_3 Stories_6
Overall, the level designs are pretty straightforward, using a similar flow to action games like Devil May Cry where you follow a linear progression through a series of arenas that become fenced off until all enemies are killed, at which point the barriers lift and you're awarded experience points based on combat performance parameters like highest combo and style. In combat, Reynardo's sword fu repertoire borrows some moves from Dante for a more frenzied and stylish brand of hacking and slashing than the typical isometric action-RPG. At your disposal are a mix of sword slashes, grabs/throws, and timed counterattacks, plus abilities to dash (which requires stamina) and deploy a hookshot to pull faraway enemies toward you like Mortal Kombat's Scorpion. Up to four hotswappable swords can be crafted over the adventure as well, each providing a unique elemental effect fueled by an energy meter. Depending on the sword, a button can be held down while attacking to heal Reynardo, add an ice effect that freezes enemies, hit enemies with an area of effect fire blast, or hasten the speed of attacks and movement.
The combat is fast and fluid and visually spectacular (the particle effects in this game are pure eye candy), with a fair amount of depth and strategy as far as timing button presses for maximum combo impact (or just button mash if you like), mixing up different elemental attacks, hookshotting enemies, and using grapples to hurl ravens over cliffs or into one another. However, over the long haul the lacking variety of enemy types eventually turns combat encounters into samey diversions that only seem to exist to fill time until the next decision point. Some of the levels introduce simple stealth sections, trap avoidance, and rudimentary lever puzzles, but not nearly enough to counterbalance the routine nature of the swordplay that inevitably sets in.
Stories_4 Stories_5
Another issue that I began to notice pretty early on is that the majority of the game's lite RPG elements are really only balanced out for the short term. The game features a crafting system by which materials are collected to build and upgrade the aforementioned elemental blades, as well as a gauntlet which allows any combination of three magical gems to be equipped for bonus attributes like faster attack speed, energy restoration on kills, boosted elemental or physical defenses, higher chance to inflict critical damage, or a shield break modifier that causes regular sword attacks to penetrate shield-bearing ravens (otherwise the hookshot needs to be used to pull the shield away before they can be attacked). Before even completing my fourth full story, though, I had already crafted and upgraded all four swords, collected all of the gems, and upgraded most of them to maximum level. After that, all of the treasure chests became useless and there wasn't much else to look forward to as far as exploration and character growth.
Fortunately, the game does have a rather extensive skill tree for leveling up and then spending the awarded skill points to bolster health, energy, and stamina pools, learn new combat moves, and expand the capabilities of the hook and dash mechanics. I still have quite a few skills left to learn even after nine playthroughs, but at the same time I don't feel like I even need to bother any more because the combat encounters no longer seem to be scaling upward as they had been previously, and the amount of experience earned through combat has become almost inconsequential to the point that putting in maximum effort to chain long combos isn't suitably rewarded.
Other areas could use some extra optimization. From minor kinks, such as achievements not tracking properly and chest contents getting stuck with no way to be collected, to more serious bugs, such as Reynardo dashing over an edge into perpetual free fall and elemental enemies glitching out or teleporting outside the boundaries of a walled-in combat arena with no way to be killed to end the combat scene, the game needs some post-launch spit polishing. For the PC version in specific, mouse and keyboard controls are supported and functional, but feel clunky and imprecise compared to the recommended gamepad control scheme. Even aspects of the gamepad controls could be further optimized. For instance, swapping swords is currently mapped to the D-pad while, to my preference, the unused left and right bumpers would be a more natural configuration. Hell, just the option to remap the controls would be great.
While there is ample room for improvement and polish, I can't say enough how much I enjoyed Stories, and how enthralled I was by its choice-driven narrative. Its fascinating, branching storyline is set off by a delightful storybook presentation and some of the most vividly scrumptious Unreal Engine 4 graphics to date, as well as charming narration and an impactful score that changes tone to match the choices being made, and hits all the right notes expected from the soundtrack of a grand fantasy adventure. The combat and role-playing elements are functionally sound and round out the experience with enough depth to entertain through the completion of the main hero path; however, certain limitations gradually bubble to the surface and lessen the desire to sink upwards of 20 hours or more into fully uncovering all of the story's outcomes and secrets. So while completionists may grow weary of the rinse-repeat replay process over the long haul, for its intended duration anyone who values rich storytelling and flashy hack-and-slash will find a new favorite bedtime storybook companion in Stories: The Path of Destinies.
+ Engaging live-die-repeat narrative structure; each story has true meaning and impact
+ Spot-on storybook presentation, highlighted by Julian Casey's narration
+ Beautifully detailed environments layered with multiple paths
+ Fun, flashy combat
– Lacking diversity of enemy types and environment interactions gradually wears thin
– RPG elements lose purpose fairly quickly
– Still some bug


text:
Declare a picture format for use by the
write function. For example:
format Something = Test: @<<<<<<<< @||||| @>>>>> $str, $%, '$'. int($num). $str = "widget"; $num = $cost/$quantity; $~ = 'Something'; write;
See perlform for many details and examples.
© 1993–2016 Larry Wall and others
Licensed under the GNU General Public License version 1 or later, or the Artistic License.
The Perl logo is a trademark of the Perl Foundation.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
The Wolfskill Grant
Four leagues was relatively small compared to other Mexican land grants, but local legend has it John wanted only as much land as he could cover on horseback in one day from sunup to sundown. On current maps, the four leagues include 10,750 acres in what became Solano County and 7,004 acres in Yolo County.
"According to local legend, John Wolfskill judged the fertility of the soil by the height of the native grain, cutting back toward the creek whenever the grain no longer came up to the highest point on his horse's back," says historian Larkey, author of the book, Winters: A Heritage of Horticulture, a Harmony of Purpose. "That could explain why the land grant's northern boundary, now marked by Russell Boulevard, follows an irregular stair-step contour roughly parallel to Putah Creek."
John arrived at Putah Creek in mid-July 1842 and set about settling the property he called "Rancho de los Putos". The property stayed in William Wolfskill's name until 1849, when half of it was transferred to John. Legal issues ensued when California became part of the United States in 1850, but by 1854, William was finally able to transfer the entire ranch to John.
Read the full article, "History Lessons," (pdf) from The Leaflet, UC Davis Plant Sciences, by Diane Nelson.
Olive trees planted by John line the entrance and a bronze plaque reads:
"In 1842 John Reid Wolfskill arrived here laden with fruit seeds and cuttings. He was a true horticulturist and became the father of the fruit industry in the region.
In 1937 Mrs. Francis Wolfskill Taylor Wilson, his daughter, bequeathed 107.28 acres to the University of California for an experimental farm.
From this portion of the Rancho de los Putos the University's research has since enriched the state's horticultural industry."
California Registered Historical Landmark No. 804. Plaque placed by the California State Park Commission in cooperation with the Solano County Historical Society - May 30, 1996

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Playing a Part in the Performance of a Child's X-ray Procedure
A poster presented virtually due to COVID-19 at the UK Imaging and Oncology (UKIO) congress June-July 2020.
This PhD study aims explore the communication that occurs during a child's non-urgent X-ray procedure and examine children and their parent's perceptions of this communication and the procedure. There is increasing evidence of children's engagement in health services. Less is known about children's experiences of X-ray procedures or the ways they communicate during the procedure. Data were generated through non-participant observations of children undergoing X-ray procedures. Children and their parents were invited after the procedure to take part in a semi-structured interview. Children, parents and radiographers played specific parts during the X-ray procedures and this influenced communication. Three different categories of communication were developed but are not presented as a hierarchy of the communication children preferred. The first category was communication where a child was involved; children's voices were sought with the expectation that they could influence what happened during the procedure. The second category was communication where a child was interrupted; children's voices were replaced because of the bigger roles adults played. The third category was communication where a child was ignored; children's voices were overlooked, silenced or not sought by adults. Children in these procedures had a small role and little power to influence what happened during their procedure. The findings have been discussed using dramaturgical metaphors of roles, scripts and front and back stage performances that unified the three developed categories and lead to the theorisation of a core category of 'Playing a Part in the Performance'. Children are able and value being engaged in meaningful communication during their X-ray. Different roles and interactions can close down or open up children's opportunity and ability to play an active role in their procedure.


text: This paper proposes a new control method in the phase-shifted full-bridge converter for the server power supply, which is variable delay time of lagging-leg switches under the light load conditions. By widening the delay time, the switching occurs at the lower drain-source voltage and then switching loss can be reduced under the light load conditions. The voltage stress of synchronous rectifier switches is also reduced. Without additional power devices and side effects at heavy load condition, the higher efficiency under the light load conditions can be obtained. The analysis and experimental results are presented in this paper to confirm the validity of this study.


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This question already has an answer here:
I am currently logged in on my Linux system and i want to output my Linux password and username on my terminal, what commands i need to write and in which file it is stored and how i can retrieve it?
share|improve this question
marked as duplicate by Mitch, belacq, Basharat Sialvi, Radu Rădeanu, aquaherd Jun 9 '13 at 12:56
Why do you need to do this? – jackweirdy Jun 8 '13 at 16:03
3 Answers 3
In short: you can't find out what your password is.
Although it's stored in the file /etc/shadow, it's stored in a "protected" format called a hash. It's like a baked cake is to a set of ingredients, there's no way to get the flour back out of the cake.
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+1 for the cake analogy. – James May 2 at 16:51
The passwords are not stored anywhere on the system at all. What is stored in /etc/shadow are so called hashes of the passwords.
A hash of some text is created by performing a so called one way function on the text (password), thus creating a string to check against. By design it is "impossible" (computationally infeasible) to reverse that process.
What can be done is to try a "brute force" attack - by hashing a lot of possible passwords until the outcome equals the found hash. There is no other way, you cannot compute a text (=password) that matches the hash you have.
There are several algorithms to create hashes, they differ in complexity, length of the hash, probability/possibility of so called collisions (two different texts have the same hash, which eventually must happen if the hash is shorter than the original text).
Typical current algorithms are
 - MD5
 - SHA-1 (also called SHA)
both should not be used for cryptographic/security purposes any more!!
 - SHA-256
 - SHA-512
 - SHA-3 (KECCAK was announced the winner in the competition for a new federal approved hash algorithm in October 2012) - not used in Ubuntu yet.
share|improve this answer
As you know from other answers you can't see your password. Let me explain why. Design where passwords are stored in their normal form (it's called plain) isn't very secure (not only for operating systems) because if list of such passwords falls into hands of malicious person, he can log in instantly, since list of user names is usually easy to retrieve (in Linux from /etc/passwd file). That's why hash functions are used instead. These are one-way functions - you can create hash based on value but you can't create value based on hash. If malicious person gets a list of hash values he can't retrieve actual passwords from them (or at least it's more difficult) and user still can login - when he passes his password, it's translated to hash and compared with stored value.
Once in a while you can heard that someone hacked some website and get passwords or that some list of passwords leaked somewhere. If those were stored in plain text, attacker got instant access to some accounts. If those were hashed he had to break them first. It means more trouble for him and more time for reaction like changing a password to a new one. Linux (and any Unix based system) follows this design and that's why you can't print your password in any other way that hashed - only if you have root user privileges and can read /etc/shadow file.
To print your username, type whoami.
share|improve this answer


text:
POTASSIUM CONTENT IN FOODS:
low in potassium:
Vegetables such as cucmber, ridgegourd
(turai), snakegourd (padwal), tinda,broadbeans,
beetroot, fenugreek leaves(methi), green mango,
pink radish, bottlegourd (dudhi).
-Fruit such as apple(1/4), pineapple(1/4), guava,pappaya, pear.
-Chicken and meat-boiled in excess water twice and drained.
moderate in potassium:
flakes, corn flakes, bambino vermicelli.
-Vegetables such as carrot, cauliflower, ladies finger, tomatoes, Bittergourd, onions, cabbage, white radish, pumpkin, brinjal, Frenchbeans.
high in potassium:
ragi, wheat flour.


[1Ed] Chapter 05: The Dynamic Layer
Once players start actually playing a game, it moves from the inscribed layer into the dynamic layer of the Layered Tetrad. Play, strategy, and meaningful player choices all emerge in this layer.
This chapter explores the dynamic layer, various qualities of emergence, and how designers can anticipate the dynamic play that emerges from their inscribed design decisions.
Lecture Notes
Tutorial Files


Get Mljet essential facts below. View Videos or join the Mljet discussion. Add Mljet to your PopFlock.com topic list for future reference or share this resource on social media.
Sunset over the Mljet lakes
Croatia - Mljet.PNG
LocationAdriatic Sea
Coordinates42°44?N 17°31?E / 42.733°N 17.517°E / 42.733; 17.517Coordinates: 42°44?N 17°31?E / 42.733°N 17.517°E / 42.733; 17.517
ArchipelagoAdriatic islands
Area98.01 km2 (37.84 sq mi)
Length37 km (23 mi)
Width3.2 km (1.99 mi)
Coastline135.185 km (84.0001 mi)
Highest elevation514 m (1686 ft)
Highest pointVeliki grad
Largest settlementBabino Polje (pop. 270)
Population1,088 (2011)
Pop. density11.34/km2 (29.37/sq mi)
Ethnic groups97.3% Croats
2.7% others
Mljet (pronounced [mt]; Latin: Melita, Italian: Meleda) is the southernmost and easternmost of the larger Adriatic islands of the Dalmatia region of Croatia. The National Park includes the western part of the island, Veliko jezero, Malo jezero, Soline Bay and a sea belt 500 m wide from the most prominent cape of Mljet covering an area of 54 km2.[1] The central parts of the park are Veliko jezero with the Isle of St. Mary, Malo jezero and the villages of Gove?ari, Pola?e and Pomena.[2][3]
According to the 2011 census, Mljet has population of 1,088.[3] Ethnic Croats make up 97.33% of the population.[4]
Mljet was discovered by ancient Greco-Roman geographers, who wrote the first records and descriptions. The island was first described by Scylax of Caryanda in the 6th century BC; others prefer the text, Periplus of Pseudo-Scylax. In both texts, it is named Melite and supported by Apollonius of Rhodes.[5][6] Agathemerus and Pliny the Elder call the island Melita.[6]
Agesilaus of Anaxarba in Cilicia, the father of Oppian, was banished to Mljet by the Roman Emperor Septimius Severus (AD 145-211)[7] (or to Malta by Lucius Verus: see Oppian). [[File:Mlet convent.JPG|thumb|left|Monastery of Saint Mary].
Mljet is mentioned around 950 by the Byzantine Emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogenitos in his Of Ruling an Empire as one of the islands held by the Narentines. The island was often a controversy of ownership between them and Zachlumia. Ancient Greeks called the island "Melita" or "honey" which over the centuries evolved to become the Slavic name, Mljet (pronounced [mt]).
Mljet has been regarded as the "Melita" on which Saint Paul was shipwrecked (Acts of the Apostles 27:39-28:11), this view being first expounded in the 10th century, by Eastern Roman Emperor Constantine Porphyrogenitus. Saint Paul's shipwreck is generally placed on the Mediterranean island of Malta. Mljet and Malta had the same name in the Greek and Roman sources; the mention of a viper in Acts 28:3-5 was thought to be in favour of Mljet (there are snakes on both Mljet and Malta but only the former is home to a venomous snake). A harbour named after the Saint exists on both islands.
The Benedictines from Pulsano in Apulia became the feudal lords of the island in 1151, having come from Monte Gargano in Italy. They came ashore in the Sutmiholjska cove and in _PHONE_ the Serbian Prince Desa of the House of Vojislavljevi? built and donated to them the Church and Monastery of Saint Mary on the islet in the Big Lake (Veliko Jezero) towards the north-west end of the island. Pope Innocent III issued a document consecrating the church in 1198.[]
Seaside of Pomena
In the 16th century, the monastery was the center of the Mljet Congregation (Congregatio Melitensis or Melitana), gathering all the monasteries of Benedictine monks in the area of the Republic of Ragusa. The first president of the Congregation was Mavro Vetranovi?, the abbot of the Mljet monastery and the famous poet. Another great poet was abbot there--Ignjat?ur?evi? in the 18th century. As time went by, the Benedictine monastery on Mljet lost its importance, while the seat of the Mljet Congregation moved to Sveti Jakov near Ragusa.[]
Goli Rat is Mljet's westernmost point
Pro?urska Luka
Mljet lies south of the Pelje?ac peninsula, from which it is divided by the Mljet Channel. Its length is 37 kilometres (23 mi); its average breadth 3.2 kilometres (2.0 mi). It is of volcanic origin,[] with numerous chasms and gorges, of which the longest, the Babino Polje, connects the north and south of the island. Port Pola?e, the principal harbour in the north, is a port of call for tourist ferries. Mljet contains one hotel--The Odisej (from the Greek Odysseus) in the north-west corner of the island.[]
The northwestern part of the island includes an inland lake as well as a small island within it. It has been a national park since November 12, 1960. Over 84% of the island of 98.01 square kilometres (37.84 sq mi) is forest.[9] The island's geological structure consists of limestone and dolomite forming ridges, crests and slopes. A few depressions on the island of Mljet are below sea level and form non-permanent brackish lakes known as blatine ("mud-lakes") or slatine ("salt-lakes").[10]
The climate is Mediterranean; an average air temperature in January is 9 °C (48 °F) and in July about 24 °C (75 °F). Precipitation (mostly falling between October and April) averages between 35 and 45 inches annually, with the hills receiving the highest amounts.[]
The island of Mljet has no airport. Dubrovnik Airport on the mainland provides the main international connection for the island. Mljet has ferry lines with Pelje?ac peninsula and Dubrovnik. Transportation to the island is provided by Jadrolinija ferry service. Sobra, the main port on the island, is connected to Dubrovnik-Gru? and Ston via a car ferry. There are two type of ferries available: a car ferry and a faster catamaran ferry (2.5 hours and 90 minutes to Dubrovnik, respectively).
See also
 1. ^ Duplan?i? Leder, Tea; Ujevi?, Tin;?ala, Mendi (June 2004). "Coastline lengths and areas of islands in the Croatian part of the Adriatic Sea determined from the topographic maps at the scale of 1 : 25 000" (PDF). Geoadria. Zadar. 9 (1): 5-32. doi:10.15291/geoadria.127. Retrieved 2019.
 3. ^ a b c "Population by Age and Sex, by Settlements, 2011 Census: Mljet". Census of Population, Households and Dwellings 2011. Zagreb: Croatian Bureau of Statistics. December 2012.
 4. ^ "Population by Ethnicity, by Towns/Municipalities, 2011 Census: County of Dubrovnik-Neretva". Census of Population, Households and Dwellings 2011. Zagreb: Croatian Bureau of Statistics. December 2012.
 5. ^ Sanader, Mirjana (2007). Kroatien in der Antike (in German). Von Zabern. p. 58. ISBN 3-8053-3740-X. In der Antike hieß sie Melite (Pseudo-Skylax 23), obwohl sie bei Apollonios Rhodios (4, 5629) auch als Meleda erwähnt wird.
 7. ^ Text from ancientlibrary.com
 8. ^ "Mungos - ljuti neprijatelj prirode". Zadarskilist.hr (in Croatian). Retrieved 2012.
 9. ^ "Priru?nik o kartama stani?ta Dalmacije" (PDF) (in


text:
Activity 3: Water Communion (10 minutes), Session 9: Spirit Of Life (Canteen)
In "Toolbox of Faith," a Tapestry of Faith program
Materials for Activity
- An attractive, clear vase or pitcher
- Clear plastic drinking cups for all participants
- A large, glass bowl for mingling water
- Plain white paper and markers for all participants
Preparation for Activity
- Fill a clear vase or pitcher with water.
Description of Activity
Gather participants around the table where you have placed the vase or pitcher, the plastic cups, and the large bowl. Tell them, in these words or your own:
Many Unitarian Universalist congregations hold a water communion at the end of the summer, in which participants of all ages bring "living waters" from wherever their travels led them and mingle them for later use by the congregation in ceremonies, such as a child dedication.
Tell the group you will enact a water communion together, to demonstrate how all water is connected, just as all things are connected by the Spirit of Life.
Indicate the water in the clear vase or pitcher. Point out that water molecules never stop existing, they just get recycled over and over, so that water molecules from the local tap could have once been in the Amazon River, in a New England pond, in the blood of a tiger in India, in the saliva of a salamander, in the local swimming pool, or in snow on top of the Rocky Mountains. See if the children can think of more places where a water molecule in the vase or pitcher might once have been.
Give each child a plastic cup to hold. Pour into each cup some water from the pitcher or vase. Ask the children to close their eyes and meditate on their own experiences with water and think of their own personal "water stories" they could share with the group. Prompt them by suggesting they might have had an experience with a river, a creek, a pond, a puddle, a fish bowl, a swimming pool, a lake, a bathtub, a rain storm, or an ocean. Allow a few minutes of quiet time.
Then, gather the group around the large bowl. Invite each participant to share his/her personal water story and pour water from the cup into the bowl. As each child pours his/her water, have them recite, "This water is part of the living water that makes up our world."
This work is made possible by the generosity of individual donors and congregations. Please consider making a donation today.
Last updated on Wednesday, October 26, 2011.


text:
We have discussed common air conditioning problems, now we'd like to outline common furnace and heating issues Atlanta homeowners often call Peachtree Service Experts about. Although there are quite possibly hundreds of explanations why your Atlanta home's furnace or heating system may need to be repaired. Listed below are the top five complications that may cause your furnace or heating equipment to break down:
1. Thermostat breaks resulting in no heat, fan spinning or comfort problems
2. Air passage problems from fan motors, belts and bearings, causing furnace excessive heat or poor heating control
3. Flithy and clogged filters that cause airflow and comfort problems
4. Pilot light or furnace ignition issues, resulting in sporadic or no heat
5. Lack of maintenance may cause unexpected breakdowns, poor comfort or higher energy costs (in addition to emmense homeowner frustration!)
Each of these common issues can be fixed by a professionally qualified, NATE-certified technician. Technicians from Peachtree Service Experts can quickly diagnose the problem area and make the needed repairs. Having a precision tune-up or maintenance plan could protect you from almost all heating problems that result in no heat or low comfort levels. During a tune-up, all the components are checked and serviced so they operate correctly and at peak efficiency during the heating season. Vital items like Carbon Monoxide checks, ample combustion air, equipment clearances, and equipment safety are also top elements to the tune-up process. Most importantly – safety first! Never forget that furnaces of any age may pose safety hazards from combustion or gases, especially if a NATE-certified technician has not maintained the equipment regularly.
Contact Peachtree Service Experts of Atlanta at _PHONE_ to schedule an appointment today if you would like a technician to check out your furnace system.


text:
Swelling and lifting of lower paint layers when new paint is applied. Problem may occur during painting or drying.
- Flash-off time too long when working wet on wet with 2K products (gel phase)
- Recoating of solvent-sensitive layers (NC/TPA) with the wrong repair materials or with excessive film builds
- Film thickness of sealing coats too low (applied too thin or sanded down too far)
- Substrate layers not thoroughly drie
HOW TO AVOID
- Always keep to recommended flash-off times.
- Carry out a solvent test and select a suitable paint system.
- Keep to recommended film builds.
- Re-dry the substrate, if necessary (e.g., with IR lamps)
Sand down the paint system to a "sound" surface. Refinish using the recommended undercoats and topcoats.


text:
The Food Standards Agency:
Bringing Data Strategy To The Table
The Food Standards Agency has a wide and complex remit - to ensure food standards are functioning at all times across the entire UK food chain, from farm to fork.
The burden of management of such a remit is obviously extensive, and the FSA realised that data strategy could become pivotal to its future development and lightening this load. With DEFRA undertaking to open up data across all its agencies, the FSA realised that more open and shared data could reduce this burden of management.
What We Did
Visceral Business was asked to help explore and develop the opportunities by holding a series of workshops with FSA
partners and potential partners - from farmers to food providers and retailers, large and small, across a range of food production areas. We designed a data canvas and explored current and future practices with this group and how management reporting could be radically changed, from resource intensive inspection regimes to a national data infrastructure, using exceptional reporting whilst maintaining quality control and reducing costs for the FSA and its partners.
A fundamental change of management approach, with the prospect of radically reduced operating costs is underway as a result of digital business design. This work is ongoing and has led to development of a detailed digital strategy.


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After debugging a particularly tricky issue in VB.NET involving the order in which instance variables are initialized, I discovered that there is a breaking discrepancy between the behavior that I expected from C# and the actual behavior in VB.NET.
Nota bene: This question concerns a slight discrepancy in the behaviors of VB.NET and C#. If you're a language bigot that is unable to provide an answer other than "that's why you should use C#, noob", there is nothing for you to see here; kindly move along.
Specifically, I expected the behavior outlined by the C# Language Specification (emphasis added):
When an instance constructor has no constructor initializer, or it has a constructor initializer of the form base(...), that constructor implicitly performs the initializations specified by the variable-initializers of the instance fields declared in its class. This corresponds to a sequence of assignments that are executed immediately upon entry to the constructor and before the implicit invocation of the direct base class constructor. The variable initializers are executed in the textual order in which they appear in the class declaration.
Contrast that with the portion of the VB.NET Language Specification concerning Instance Constructors, which says (emphasis added):
When a constructor's first statement is of the form MyBase.New(...), the constructor implicitly performs the initializations specified by the variable initializers of the instance variables declared in the type. This corresponds to a sequence of assignments that are executed immediately after invoking the direct base type constructor. Such ordering ensures that all base instance variables are initialized by their variable initializers before any statements that have access to the instance are executed.
The discrepancy here is immediately obvious. C# initializes class-level variables before calling the base constructor. VB.NET does exactly the reverse, apparently preferring to call the base constructor before setting the values of instance fields.
If you want to see some code, this related question provides a more concrete example of the divergent behavior. Unfortunately, it does not provide any hints as to how one might coerce VB.NET into following the model established by C#.
I'm less interested in why the designers of the two languages chose such divergent approaches than I am in possible workarounds for the problem. Ultimately, my question is as follows: Is there any way that I can write or structure my code in VB.NET to force instance variables to be initialized before the base type's constructor is called, as is the standard behavior in C#?
share|improve this question
I don't believe it's possible to change this - and the VB compiler will fight against any attempts to do so. If you're relying on such behaviour, it's usually an indication of problems elsewhere in your code. There has been advice against calling virtual members within constructors for a long time (as in the sample code in the other question) – Damien_The_Unbeliever Jan 5 '11 at 9:45
_USER_: You're right about it being bad practice to call virtual members within constructors. Unfortunately, that decision wasn't mine to make. I'm subclassing a type provided by the Framework while also overriding one of its virtual methods. I am pretty sure that the problems lie outside of my code, and the only thing I can think of to fix this screams "ugly hack" to me. – Cody Gray Jan 5 '11 at 9:49
+1 interesting question. Also a good nota bene – MarkJ Jan 5 '11 at 12:34
see also stackoverflow.com/q/_PHONE_/185593 – serhio Sep 25 '12 at 15:09
2 Answers 2
up vote 8 down vote accepted
If you have virtual members that are going to be invoked during construction (against best advice, but we've already agreed on that), then you need to move your initialization into a separate method, that can protect itself against multiple calls (i.e. if init has already happened, return immediately). That method will then be invoked by the virtual members and your constructor, before they rely on initialization having occurred.
It's a bit messy, and may represent a minor performance penalty, but there's little else you can do in VB.
share|improve this answer
Any well-written class must either ensure any virtual members which could possibly be invoked on a partially-constructed instance will behave sensibly. C# takes the philosophy that a class instance whose field initializers have run will be in a sufficiently-sensible state to allow virtual methods to be used. VB.net takes the philosophy that allowing field initializers to make use of a partially-constructed object (and--with a little work--any parameters passed to the constructor) is more useful than a guarantee that field initializers will run before any virtual methods are called.
IMHO, the right approach from a language-design standpoint would have been to provide a convenient means of indicating that specified field initializers should be run "early" or "late", since there are times each can be useful (though I prefer the "late" style, since it allows constructor parameters to be made available to field initializers). For example:
Class ParamPasserBase(Of T)'Generic class for passing one constructor parameter
 Protected ConstructorParam1 As T
 Sub New(Param As T)
 ConstructorParam1 = Param
 End SUb
End Class
Class MyThing
 Inherits ParamPasserBase(Of Integer)
 Dim MyArray(ConstructorParam1-1) As String
 Sub New(ArraySize As Integer)
 End Sub
End Class
In C#, there's no nice way to have field declarations or initializers make use of arguments passed to a constructor. In vb, it can be done reasonably cleanly as illustrated above. Note that in vb, it's also possible to use a by-reference constructor parameter to smuggle out a copy of the object under construction before any field initializers are run; if a class's Dispose routine is properly written to deal with partially-constructed objects, an object which throws in its constructor can be properly cleaned up.
share|improve this answer
I'm not sure I follow what you're trying to say here. I don't have the ability to redesign either language, and I'm not particularly arguing over the relative merit of the choices. Furthermore, where does RIAA() come from in your code sample? You say that one can do this now in VB.NET. I'm not familiar with the syntax. Is RIAA() a custom wrapper class that you've written? And how is that different from a using statement? Beyond that, what's the distinction between "older" VB.NET and "newer" VB.NET? One is type safe and the other isn't? What does destruction have to do with the question? – Cody Gray Feb 12 '11 at 4:22
_USER_ Gray: RIAA is a class method which registers an IDisposable for deterministic automatic cleanup (in the style of C++/RIAA) and then returns it. In vb.net, the field initializers run after the list of disposables is created, so the RIAA method can add them to that list. VB.Net also allows an object under construction to be smuggled out of the constructor, so the constructor can be wrapped in a factory method which will clean up any registered IDisposable objects if the constructor throws. – supercat Feb 12 '11 at 5:48
Can you give me a link to where this RIAA method is discussed? I can't find the documentation online. I'm also not sure what disposing items has to do with initializing instance variables before the base class constructor is called. My question is not even about objects, much less those that implement IDisposable. The test case was actually an Integer or Boolean type, both of which are value types and do not need to disposed. RIAA is as useless here as it is irrelevant. – Cody Gray Feb 12 '11 at 5:51
_USER_ Gray: Sorry I was unclear. RIAA is a method in some of my classes which achieves the stated functionality when used in conjunction with other code. My point was that vb.net allows one to declare, initialize, and clean up an field in a single line of code, rather than having to have one area of the source code for object declarations, another area for initialization, and a third area for cleanup. Keeping all three aspects of a field together seems cleaner and less error-prone than having them separate. – supercat Feb 12 '11 at 5:55
I still don't get it. First of all, how is a method you've implemented in your own programs going to help me here? Second, the rationale behind implementing such a method escapes me. You can wrap the object in a using statement, which has the additional benefit of limiting its scope. I don't have any problems with the syntax of the language; my issue is with the behavior described in the spec. And third, what does this have to do with value types that don't implement IDisposable? The question I linked to with some sample code isn't calling any constructors. RIAA won't do any good there. – Cody Gray Feb 12 '11 at 5:59
Your Answer


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- State and Regional
Water Boards' Map
- Board Priorities
- Decisions Pending and Opportunities for Public Participation
Water Rights Hearings Program
Welcome to the Division of Water Rights Hearings Program home webpage.
This website provides posted information related to current and archived hearings conducted by the State Water Board, and provides generally information, via FAQs, describing the nature, conduct and immediate results of a water right hearing. [NOTE: The general information provided is not intended to either alter or supersede State Water Board regulations or policies regarding the conduct of such hearings.]
HEARINGS PROGRAM SITE INDEX
Subscribe to the Water Rights e-mail list(s) to receive updates regarding current issues.
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS: THE HEARING PROCESS
A water right hearing is a quasi-judicial adjudicative proceeding that has, as an objective, the development of an adequate record upon which the State Water Resources Control Board (State Water Board) can rely to make good decisions. (Govt. Code Sec. 11405.20)
A water right hearing is conducted as a formal proceeding to ensure that due process standards are afforded to the participating parties.
In general, water right hearings are conducted in a manner deemed suitable to the particular case. The State Water Board, assisted by personnel from the Division of Water Rights and Office of Chief Counsel, holds hearings to secure relevant information promptly and without unnecessary delay and expense to participating parties or the State Water Board. Subsequently, the record developed at the hearing is used to formulate a decision that affects the rights of the participants.
Water right hearings are conducted in accordance with the State Water Code (Statutory Water Rights Laws (effective January 1, 2016: California Water Code (particularly Division 2) and other California Code sections relevant to water rights) and the California Code of Regulations pertaining to water rights laws and proceedings (Title 23. Waters (Division 3) - Portions Pertaining to Water Rights - effective April 1, 2016).
As detailed by this Hearings Matrix, water right hearings conducted by the State Water Board fall under three basic categories:
- Evidentiary Hearings
- Application and Petitions
- Public Trust/Public Interest
- Fully appropriated Streams
Water right hearings are conducted with a (1) the Hearing Officer or Hearing Panel, and (2) State Water Board staff.
- Hearing Officer: The Hearing Officer assigned to hear a case is a Member of the State Water Board.
Role: The Hearing Officer (1) preside over the hearing (neutral judge), (2) provide policy direction to staff during preparation of Decision/Order, and (3) comment or recommend actions to the other Board Members during deliberation.
Authority: The Hearing Officer (1) decides all procedural matters prior to and during the hearing, (2) rules on motions prior to and during the hearing, (3) rules on objections during the hearing, and (4) directs staff regarding preparation of Decision/Orders.
The Hearing Officer will act much like a judge to ensure that the hearing is conducted in an orderly fashion. More than one State Water Board Member may sit in the hearing. Should this occur, one State Water Board Member will take the lead as the Hearing Officer and will be with the case until it ends.
- State Water Board Staff Hearing Team: An advisory Hearing Team is drawn from the Division of Water Rights and Office of Chief Counsel to assist the Hearing Officer. The Hearing Team may include a staff engineer, an environmental specialist, a geologist and a staff attorney.
Role: The Hearing Team participates in the development of the hearing record and subsequently writes an analysis of the hearing record. Under the guidance of the Hearing Officer, the Hearing Team prepares the draft Decisions/Orders to be considered by the State Water Board.
Authority: The advisory Hearing Team has no authority.
In accordance with the definition set forth in Section 648.1 of Title 23, Cal. Code of Rags., Parties include:
- Persons against whom enforcement action is taken
- Persons designated as parties in accordance with procedures specified in the hearing notice.
- Persons presenting policy statements are not parties.
- Only the Hearing Officer may grant "interested party" status to someone other than those set forth in Section 648.1 of Title 23, Cal. Code of Rags.
Party participation limits are:
- Set forth in the hearing notice.
- Imposed by the Hearing Officer at the hearing
- Self-imposed by a party (i.e., participating by cross-examination or rebuttal only).
Due Process includes:
- Reasonable Notice being provided.
- An opportunity to be heard.
- Preparation of Decisions/Orders is based only on the administrative hearing record developed during the hearing.
- Improper conduct by any hearing participant is not permitted.
- To ensure that a fair and impartial hearing is conducted, the Hearing Officer and Hearing Team are subject to disqualification for bias, prejudice, or interest in the proceeding.
This flowchart shows the Division of Water Rights' general process for a Water Right Hearing.
Rule for the conduct of hearings include the following:
- Hearings are conducted pursuant to rules set forth in Administrative Procedures Act (Government Code) and California Code of Regulations, title 23.(SEE: Laws and Procedures website)
- The Notice of Hearing drives the hearing and specifies the scope of hearing, deadlines application rules, etc. All evidence introduced at a hearing must address the key issues identified in the notice. (SEE: Hearing & Workshop Notices website)
- The Hearing Officer (Board Member) is in charge and is assisted during the hearing by State Water Board staff Hearing Team.
- Written testimony and exhibits must be submitted in advance, in accordance with deadlines set forth in the Notice of Hearing.
- The general Order of Proceeding is a follows:
- Opening Statements
- Direct Testimony
- Closing Statements
- Decisions must be based only on evidence within the hearing record and it is unfair for Board Members to rely on information outside the record.
The Ex-parte rule is:
- Parties to a hearing cannot talk, off the record, to Board Members and the Hearing Team about the substance of the hearing (except non-controversial procedural issues) without notice to all other parties and the opportunity for the parties to be present. (Caveat: sometimes what appears to be procedural is really substance.)
- Generally, the Hearing Notice provides the trigger for application of the Ex-parte rule.
- Violation of the Ex-parte rule can invalidate the State Water Board's Decision/Order.
- Board Members must disclose Ex-parte communications.
A much more detailed question and answer document on ex-parte communications is available HERE: _URL_
The purpose of a Hearing Notice is to inform parties and others interested in the subject of the hearing of:
- Date, time and place of the hearing.
- Subject of the hearing
- Issues that all testimony and exhibits must address.
- Procedural rules that apply to the hearing.
- Contacts for more information
The hearing notice is important because it ensure Due Process. If issues are not properly noticed for the hearing (directly or indirectly), then the State Water Board cannot make findings and conclusions related to that noticed issue.
The Administrative Hearing Record is:
- The complete record of the hearing that includes:
- Transcripts of the hearing (records everything said "on the record" at the hearing).
- Exhibits admitted into evidence
- The Administrative Records is used:
- To provide the basis for the State Water Board's Decision/Order
- To provide the basis for judicial review
- The Administrative Record is important because:
- The State Water Board is limited to the record in making its Decision/Order (cannot consider things that are not in the record)
- Testimony, writings, material objects or other things offered to prove the existence or non-existence of a fact.
- Documents must be submitted into evidence by the Hearing Officer, otherwise they are just an exhibit and they cannot be relied on by the Board.
- Legal arguments and policy statements are not evidence.
- Allegations are not evidence... they must be proved.
- Labels are not conclusive.
Evidence admissibility is:
- Determined by the Hearing Officer
- Generally not an issue: "Any relevant evidence shall be admitted if it is the sort of evidence on which reasonable persons are accustomed to rely in the conduct of serious affairs..." (Gov. Code sec. 11513 (c.)
HEARSAY EVIDENCE is evidence of a statement that was made other than by a witness while testifying at the hearing and that is offered to prove that truth of the matter stated. (Evidence Code Section 1200)
An expert witness:
- Can offer an opinion that goes beyond common experience
- Must have special knowledge, skill, experience, training or education.
- Expert opinion would help the State Water Board understand the evidence or determine a fact at issue.
- Cannot testify to legal conclusions.
- You do not need to be an expert to testify to facts (vs. opinion)
Burden of Proof is:
- An obligation of a party to a hearing to introduce evidence that affirmatively proves a fact or facts in dispute on an issue noticed for hearing.
Burden of Proof going forward is:
- An obligation of a party to a hearing to introduce evidence or cross-examine witnesses to elicit testimony that refutes or explains the evidence offered by the party with the burden of proof.
A hearing will result in:
- A Decision/Order adopted by the State Water Board.
- The Decision/Order will be limited to the administrative hearing record and will be based on substantial evidence.
- The Decision/Oder must contain findings based on factual and legal basis.
- Adopted State Water Board Decisions/Orders are posted at the Board's Water Right Decisions webpage


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Space Station to Spread Last Solar Wings
The International Space Station's last set of U.S. solar arrays are slightly deployed in this predawn view from exterior cameras caught on March 20, 2009. The arrays were to be fully extended later that day.
CREDIT: NASA TV.
This story was updated at 12:22 p.m. EDT.
After more than a decade of construction, the International Space Station is spreading its last pair of solar wings Friday as astronauts and Mission Control watch with bated breath.
The new U.S.-built solar arrays are the final piece of the $100 billion space station?s power grid. Astronauts attached them to the starboard side of the orbiting laboratory in a Thursday spacewalk, but the real test comes later today, when they push the button inside that will remotely unfurl the power-generating solar wings.
The last time astronauts attempted to unfold similar arrays, one of the wings snagged on a guide wire and ripped, sending engineers on Earth scrambling for a fix. Spacewalking astronauts ultimately stitched the tear back together and the wing has been working ever since.
NASA, and the shuttle Discovery astronauts who delivered the new $298 million solar arrays, are hoping for less drama today.
?We have made solar array deploys exciting in the past,? said Dan Hartmann, head of NASA?s space station mission management team, late Thursday, adding that his team will be on edge.?Pins and needles? Yes, a little bit? it?s kind of the nature of the game.?
The 115-foot (35-meter) long solar arrays are vital since they will complete the station?s power grid, boosting the current system by 25 percent, Hartmann said. Their installation Thursday completed the station?s 335-foot (102-meter) backbone, which supports the outpost?s railcar, robotic arm base and three other sets of expansive solar arrays. In all, the station is designed use all four sets of solar wings to produce enough electricity to power 42 houses on Earth, NASA has said.
Astronauts and scientists are counting on that power supply so they can ramp up science operations and double the station?s crew size up to six people later this year. This last set of solar wings should generate about 36 kilowatts total, 15 kilowatts of which is reserved for science. It would double the current science power supply, mission managers said.
And when the new solar arrays are deployed, the station will finally look like the nearly complete orbital outpost depicted in artist illustrations throughout its 10-year construction history.
?We?re looking forward to it,? Hartmann said.?There will be all kinds of emotions and, hopefully, jubilation at the end.?
Flight controllers on Earth extended each of the new solar arrays just slightly in the predawn hours early Friday. Astronauts aboard the docked Discovery and station began the deployment process in full at 11:06 a.m. EDT (1506 GMT).
Solar wing challenges
The space station?s new solar wings are mostly folded up, much like an accordion or an oversized map, inside a set of storage boxes on the starboard edge of the outpost?s backbone-like main truss. They?ve been locked away in those boxes for years - one for longer than any of the station?s seven other wings - and astronauts fully expect their folds to stick together.
NASA has seen the phenomenon - which it calls?stiction? - before, in 2000. That glitch, too, required a spacewalk fix. Now, NASA deploys solar arrays in stages, giving each wing time to warm up so they are less conducive to sticking.
?We are a little concerned because these arrays have been in the box longer than others,? said Discovery astronaut John Phillips before flight. Phillips will be the one with his finger on the button, in charge of unfurling the solar arrays or hitting the emergency stop if things go awry.
But he is not the lone solar wing sentinel, space station flight director Kwatsi Alibaruho told reporters late Thursday.
All 10 shuttle and station astronauts will be watching, either through windows, cameras or on computer screens. A host of engineers will be backing them up on Earth, staring at the same views on consoles in Mission Control at NASA?s Johnson Space Center in Houston.
The goal, Alibaruho said, is to be ready to spot any rip, tear or glitch from the past, or something new and unexpected, as early as possible.
There is a time limit too: about five hours.
In order to orient the new solar arrays so they warm up - to reduce stiction - the station has to fly in a less optimal orientation. The position can lead to communications drop outs and expose some parts of the station to extreme cold, while risking overheating in others. Mission Control wants to maintain constant communications while the arrays are being extended.
?Right now, the biggest threat that I see, barring some problem with the mechanism, are gaps in communications,? Alibaruho said.?We may simply not get through the deployment of both solar arrays before we?re required by our mission rules to maneuver back to equilibrium.?
If Discovery astronauts are unable to completely extend the arrays today, there is some extra time on Sunday, which is when they were initially due to be unfurled. Mission managers moved the deployment to today to fill in time originally reserved for an extra shuttle heat shield inspection that was no longer needed.
While the solar arrays are extended outside the station, astronauts plan to make repairs to the outpost?s urine recycling system inside the orbital lab. The spaceflyers will install a new centrifuge to distill urine back into drinking water. The system is part of a larger water recycler that converts urine, astronaut sweat and condensation back into pure water for drinking, food preparation and bathing.
The fix is in
Even of Discovery?s crew hits a snag in today?s solar wing deployment, mission managers have a stockpile of repair methods and tools cobbled together from previous missions.
?All those tricks are in our hip pocket, all those tools are in our bag,? Discovery?s lead spacewalk officer Glenda Laws-Brown said Thursday night.?We have trained the crews on all those prior techniques.?
Discovery launched toward the station late Sunday on a 13-day mission to swap out a member of the outpost?s crew and deliver the new solar arrays truss. Two of the mission?s three spacewalks remain. Four were originally planned, but NASA trimmed the flight due to launch delays in order to complete the construction work and depart the station before the launch of a previously scheduled Russian Soyuz spacecraft next week.
Laws-Brown said she was confident the solar arrays would be unfurled successfully. Watching their installation during Thursday?s spacewalk felt like being at the start of a rollercoaster, she added.
?It?s exciting and you?re thinking?Oh my, gosh it?s too late to get off now, I better hold on for a great ride,?? Laws-Brown said.?I told my team to pay attention and don?t miss a minute. This is the good stuff.?
SPACE.com is providing continuous coverage of STS-119 with reporter Clara Moskowitz and senior editor Tariq Malik in New York. Click here for mission updates and SPACE.com's live NASA TV video feed.
- New Video - Discovery?s STS-119 Night Launch
- Video - Discovery's Mission: Space Station Power Up!
- New Show - Inside the International Space Station
MORE FROM SPACE.com


text:
From Personal to Public Writing: Reports for Different Audiences and Purposes
Whenever you write, consider your audience (who your readers are) and your purpose (why you're writing) as you decide what to say and how to say it.
Review the article on the therapeutic effects of laughter (click here). Then write three reports moving from the objective toward the subjective end of the scale.
- Professional audience and purpose (more public)
First, imagine that you are an occupational therapy assistant in a hospital, and the article about laughter inspires you to suggest that the nursing staff might run a humor wagon. Your supervisor tells you to write a proposal to be circulated among the nursing supervisors before their next meeting.
Write one or two paragraphs describing, explaining, and proposing the idea. Be brief and businesslike, and give clear reasons.
- Consumer purpose, provider audience (less public)
Next, imagine that your elderly father is a patient in a convalescent home where he feels that he is not being treated well. He complains a lot and has angered some of the staff. You can sympathize both with him and with the nurses, and you think this program might solve the problem.
Write a formal letter to the head nurse describing your father's problem and introducing the idea of the program. Offer to help deliver tapes for the program. Be respectful but show your feelings, and try hard to be persuasive for your father's sake. Stay under one page.
- Personal audience and purpose
Finally, imagine that an old friend in a distant state is cooped up at home after an operation and is not recovering very well. You can't visit, but you're concerned, and you want to suggest that your friend should watch comedies regularly.
Write an informal letter that will convince your friend to rent tapes and laugh for an hour a day. Describe the program briefly and explain why you believe in it. Be warm and convincing and show how much you care. Keep the letter under one page.
Read the three papers in sequence aloud to a partner. Listen for the differences of tone and get your partner to help you identify the words that make those differences. Sharpen the differences as you revise and write your final drafts.


text:
Old Photos and Panoramics of Cleveland, OH
One of our newest collections, we've gathered several photos of Cleveland's historical areas. Various shots of skyscrapers, old hotels, monuments, and railways.
The city's situation on the lakefront helped it flourish as a center for heavy industry. As a halfway point for iron ore from Minnesota being shipped across the Great Lakes, as well as coal and being carried by rail from the south, Cleveland. Standard Oil was founded in Cleveland in 1870 by John D. Rockefeller, although the headquarters moved to New York City in 1885. Cleveland emerged in the early 20th Century as a leading American manufacturing center, home to numerous major steel producers, and automobile manufacturers.
By 1920, the city's economic prosperity had been catalytic in Cleveland's becoming the nation's fifth largest city. The city also served as a center for the national progressive movement, headed locally by populist Mayor Tom L. Johnson. Many prominent Clevelanders from this era are buried in the historic Lake View Cemetery, including President James A. Garfield, and John D. Rockefeller.


text:
Estimate the Induction Time Distribution for a Disease
A group of 258 patients with AIDS had been exposed to HIV through blood transfusion on a known date. Patients who had not developed AIDS before the end of the study are not included (right truncation).
Create a kernel density estimate of the AIDS induction time distribution and compute its mean.
The probability a person will survive more than six years without developing AIDS.
The expected induction time, given AIDS has not developed by six years.


text:
Unique Monotype Print
18" x 18" unframed
An Inkjet image is transferred from film to Japanese Surface Gampi Paper. Once dried, additional layer/layers are added by running the print through the press with a plate containing additional imagery and printmaking inks. This is what makes these monotypes considered a hybrid process by using both inkjet printing and traditional printmaking techniques. The Japanese paper is then cropped and chine colle'd (adhered) to a sheet of watercolor paper by running through the press once again using wheat paste or a silicon glue backing.


What is Syndication Loan? (Part 2)
Benefit of Syndication
The major benefit of syndication to Borrower is the large financing amount to be provided by a group of lenders for capital intensive project. Since all lenders share the same credit risk for a single transaction, Borrower do not have to approach and negotiate with numerous lenders to fulfil a single purpose substantial financing. Syndication loans save the time and most likely the cost of financing for Borrower. Imagine if a lender could save the time to conduct due diligence, terms negotiation and client acquisition, the lender would accept a lower lending rate due to saved staff cost and administrative cost. Since MLAB involve in syndication loan market everyday, it has the first hand information on risk appetite of lenders and market price benchmarking which Borrower usually do not have even though there is technological tool to access these information. Last but not the least, the repayment record of syndication elicits a positive reputation to lending market which makes borrower easier to obtain financing in the future.
From the lender side, syndication loan helps the lender to diversify credit risk which is substantial for a single lender to take up the whole syndication loan amount. MLAB act as arranger and bear major responsibility on administration. The MLAB earn an arrangement fee from Borrower which enhance the fee income to compensate the lost interest income from the shared syndication amount. Overall speaking, MLAB could enhance the Risk adjusted return on capital (RAROC) for the bank by arranging a syndication.
Pricing of Syndication
Syndicated Loan can be structured in different types of loans and securities. The varying loan types offer different types of interest, such as fixed or floating interest rates, which makes it more flexible for the borrower. A floating interest rate refers to a variable interest rate that changes over the duration of the debt obligation. Floating interest rate is usually calculated as a base rate plus interest margin. Below is a floating rate example from FinMonster Loan Market, the interest margin is 2.92% while the base rate is HIBOR. Common base rate is Prime Rate, HIBOR or LIBOR in Hong Kong which is determined by the interest fixing date. The most common fixing period is every three months (given 3-months period base rate is chosen).
Mentioned in last article, Pricing of syndication also include the Upfront Fee to be charged from loan proceed. The Upfront fee is a tiered fee base on the financing amount. From the example of Country Garden below, financing amount above HKD75M is top tier lender who change 2.35% Upfront Fee. Second tier lender financing above HKD50M charge 2.17% as Upfront Fee.
From the bank perspective, the higher the Upfront Fee is more attractive in terms of return between two identical deal with same all in yield. The higher Upfront Fee proportion means higher immediate return from the transaction. However, borrower has the other way round of measurement with bank given the available fund from the loan is deducted by the Upfront Fee.
Financial Covenants
Syndication loan is a committed loan. Lenders shall fulfil the obligation to fund the drawdown as long as drawdown conditions are complied. To mitigate the credit risk concern of lenders and closely monitor the credit risk during the tenor, other than borrower undertakings, financial covenants ("covenants") are generally applied to control the borrower investment and monitor the borrower business performance. Compare with public debt, public bonds are widely held and easily transferable, permitting holders to inexpensively diversify, manage, and transfer credit risk. The result is typically less restrictive covenants in light of greater publicly available information about those borrowers, the higher cost to monitor and enforce compliance, and a decline in the ability to mitigate credit risk through contract. By contrast, private debt builds on the pre-existing relationship between lenders and borrowers. Covenants are applied in order to control the borrower's activities. However, covenants can be expensive and imperfect predictors of management behaviour, reflecting the low possibility to assess business performance. Compare with public debt market, the risk that some covenants will limit profitable activity is offset by the ability, among a small group of lenders, to inexpensively renegotiate covenants that have become too restrictive, as well as to exercise control rights.
Covenant level are determined, in part, by the amount of borrower information that a lender possesses or can be cheaply acquired. If the lender is less well-informed, it is more likely to seek stricter covenants in order to more closely control a borrower's future activities. The level of financial covenants are set base on the business forecast agreed by Borrower and Lenders. Below are the general financial covenants applied in syndication loan.
CovenantType of CovenantCovenantType of Covenant
Debt to EBITDALeverage Current RatioLiquidity
Leverage RatioLeverage Debt Service CoverageLiquidity
Debt to Tangible Net WorthLeverage Cash Interest CoverageLiquidity
Debt to EquityLeverage Fixed Charge CoverageLiquidity
Loan to ValueLeverage Interest CoverageLiquidity
Tangible Net WorthNet Worth Quick RatioLiquidity
CapexCapex EBITDALiquidity
Concluding Remarks
This article provides a high level of introduction to syndication loan. Detail of terms and mechanism is complex for syndication base on different financing purpose. A simple corporate loan is straightforward without complicated undertakings and covenants. However, a highly leverage financing such as Leverage Buyout or Project Financing, the terms could be lengthy and complicated. The role of MLAB is important for structuring a marketable transaction which can be concluded for Borrower. Other than structuring, execution is another key for MLAB as there is a lot of parties shall be involved such as participant, legal counsel, consultancy, regulator, etc. All the terms in the facility agreement are set in order to mitigate and control the credit risk to be taken by the lenders according to the business of borrower. Therefore, a gate keeper on documentation execution as last step is also crucial for borrower to avoid post transaction administration and potential default.
Now FinMonster offer you the detail of loan market with benchmarking pricing, terms, lenders, news and analysis that powered by Refinitiv.All users enjoy a free 7-day trial.
You may be also interested: What is Syndication Loan? (Part 1)


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What is the Latitude and Longitude on Sri Lanka?
Latitude of Sri Lanka is:7 and Longitude of Sri Lanka is: 81
Nicknamed The Pearl of the Indian Ocean for its Spectacular and unspoiled natural beauty, Sri Lanka is an island country located on the southern coast of the Indian Subcontinent. The country has a colourful history and a rich cultural heritage attributing to the numerous communities in the country.
Sri Lanka is placed in the south of the Asian continent and at the geographical coordinates of 7 North and 81 East. The total area of the country is 65,610 square kilometres. According to 2009 census, Sri Lanka is the 53rd most populous country in the world with a population of 20,238,000 followed by Madagascar. Its population makes it the 35th most densely populated country in the world at 308.4 people per square kilometre. Sri Jayawardenapura-Kotte is the capital of Sri Lanka while Colombo is its largest city.
The flat and rolling coastal plains and huge mountains characterize the geography of the country. The most elevated peak in the country is Pidurutalagala at a height of 8281 feet. Sri Lanka has a tropical type of climate. The temperature in summers is moderated by the trade winds from the ocean and monsoon season follows summer season. Winters are milder in coastal areas while the highland regions are colder. Some unique variety of plants found in the island includes satinwood, teak, and ebony among few others.
Sri Lanka's economy is driven by the exports of cinnamon, tea and rubber. The stock exchange in the country has been witnessing a large growth lately.
View Latitude and Longitude on Sri Lanka in other units.
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8.5 Relative Costs of Construction Contracts
Regardless of the type of construction contract selected by the owner, the contractor recognizes that the actual construction cost will never be identical to its own estimate because of imperfect information. Furthermore, it is common for the owner to place work change orders to modify the original scope of work for which the contractor will receive additional payments as stipulated in the contract. The contractor will use different markups commensurate with its market circumstances and with the risks involved in different types of contracts, leading to different contract prices at the time of bidding or negotiation. The type of contract agreed upon may also provide the contractor with greater incentives to try to reduce costs as much as possible. The contractor's gross profit at the completion of a project is affected by the type of contract, the accuracy of its original estimate, and the nature of work change orders. The owner's actual payment for the project is also affected by the contract and the nature of work change orders.
In order to illustrate the relative costs of several types of construction contracts, the pricing mechanisms for such construction contracts are formulated on the same direct job cost plus corresponding markups reflecting the risks. Let us adopt the following notation:
- E=contractor's original estimate of the direct job cost at the time of contract award
- M =amount of markup by the contractor in the contract
- B =estimated construction price at the time of signing contract
- A =contractor's actual cost for the original scope of work in the contract
- U =underestimate of the cost of work in the original estimate (with negative value of U denoting an overestimate)
- C =additional cost of work due to change orders
- P =actual payment to contractor by the owner
- F =contractor's gross profit
- R =basic percentage markup above the original estimate for fixed fee contract
- Ri =premium percentage markup for contract type i such that the total percentage markup is (R + Ri), e.g. (R + R1) for a lump sum contract, (R + R2) for a unit price contract, and (R + R3) for a guaranteed maximum cost contract
- N =a factor in the target estimate for sharing the savings in cost as agreed upon by the owner and the contractor, with 0 N 1.
At the time of a contract award, the contract price is given by:
The underestimation of the cost of work in the original contract is defined as:
Then, at the completion of the project, the contractor's actual cost for the original scope of work is:
For various types of construction contracts, the contractor's markup and the price for construction agreed to in the contract are shown in Table 8-1. Note that at the time of contract award, it is assumed that A = E, even though the effects of underestimation on the contractor's gross profits are different for various types of construction contracts when the actual cost of the project is assessed upon its completion.
TABLE 8-1 Original Estimated Contract Prices
Payments of change orders are also different in contract provisions for different types of contracts. Suppose that payments for change orders agreed upon for various types of contracts are as shown in column 2 of Table 8-2. The owner's actual payments based on these provisions as well as the incentive provisions for various types of contracts are given in column 3 of Table 8-2. The corresponding contractor's profits under various contractual arrangements are shown in Table 8-3.
TABLE 8-2 Owner's Actual Payment with Different Contract Provisions
TABLE 8-3 Contractor's Gross Profit with Different Contract Provisions
It is important to note that the equations in Tables 8-1 through 8-3 are illustrative, subject to the simplified conditions of payments assumed under the various types of contracts. When the negotiated conditions of payment are different, the equations must also be modified.
Example 8-5: Contractor's Gross Profits under Different Contract Arrangements
Consider a construction project for which the contractor's original estimate is $6,000,000. For various types of contracts, R = 10%, R1 = 2%, R2 = 1%, R3 = 5% and N = 0.5. The contractor is not compensated for change orders under the guaranteed maximum cost contract if the total cost for the change orders is within 6% ($360,000) of the original estimate. Determine the contractor's gross profit for each of the seven types of construction contracts for each of the following conditions.
(a) U = 0, C = 0
(b) U = 0, C = 6% E = $360,000
(c) U = 4% E = $240,000, C = 0
(d) U = 4% E = $240,000 C = 6% E = $360,000
(e) U = -4% E = -$240,000, C = 0
(f) U = -4% E = -$240,000, C = 6% E = $360,000
In this example, the percentage markup for the cost plus fixed percentage contract is 10% which is used as the bench mark for comparison. The percentage markup for the lump sum contract is 12% while that for the unit price contract is 11%, reflecting the degrees of higher risk. The fixed fee for the cost plus fixed fee is based on 10% of the estimated cost, which is comparable to the cost plus fixed percentage contract if there is no overestimate or underestimate in cost. The basic percentage markup is 10% for both the cost plus variable percentage contract and the target estimator contract, but they are subject to incentive bonuses and penalties that are built in the formulas for owners' payments. The percentage markup for the guaranteed maximum cost contract is 15% to account for the high risk undertaken by the contractor. The results of computation for all seven types of contracts under different conditions of underestimation U and change order C are shown in Table 8-4
TABLE 8-4 Contractor's Gross Profits under Different Conditions (in $1,000)
Example 8-6: Owner's Payments under Different Contract Arrangements
Using the data in Example 8-5, determine the owner's actual payment for each of the seven types of construction contracts for the same conditions of U and C. The results of computation are shown in Table 8-5.
TABLE 8-5 Owner's Actual Payments under Different Conditions (in $1,000)
8.6 Principles of Competitive Bidding
Competitive bidding on construction projects involves decision making under uncertainty where one of the greatest sources of the uncertainty for each bidder is due to the unpredictable nature of his competitors. Each bid submitted for a particular job by a contractor will be determined by a large number of factors, including an estimate of the direct job cost, the general overhead, the confidence that the management has in this estimate, and the immediate and long-range objectives of management. So many factors are involved that it is impossible for a particular bidder to attempt to predict exactly what the bids submitted by its competitors will be.
It is useful to think of a bid as being made up of two basic elements: (1) the estimate of direct job cost, which includes direct labor costs, material costs, equipment costs, and direct filed supervision; and (2) the markup or return, which must be sufficient to cover a portion of general overhead costs and allow a fair profit on the investment. A large return can be assured simply by including a sufficiently high markup. However, the higher the markup, the less chance there will be of getting the job. Consequently a contractor who includes a very large markup on every bid could become bankrupt from lack of business. Conversely, the strategy of bidding with very little markup in order to obtain high volume is also likely to lead to bankruptcy. Somewhere in between the two extreme approaches to bidding lies an "optimum markup" which considers both the return and the likelihood of being low bidder in such a way that, over the long run, the average return is maximized.
From all indications, most contractors confront uncertain bidding conditions by exercising a high degree of subjective judgment, and each contractor may give different weights to various factors. The decision on the bid price, if a bid is indeed submitted, reflects the contractor's best judgment on how well the proposed project fits into the overall strategy for the survival and growth of the company, as well as the contractor's propensity to risk greater profit versus the chance of not getting a contract.
One major concern in bidding competitions is the amount of "money left on the table," of the difference between the winning and the next best bid. The winning bidder would like the amount of "money left on the table" to be as small as possible. For example, if a contractor wins with a bid of $200,000, and the next lowest bid was $225,000 (representing $25,000 of "money left on the table"), then the winning contractor would have preferred to have bid $220,000 (or perhaps $224,999) to increase potential profits.
Some of the major factors impacting bidding competitions include:
Exogenous Economic Factors
Contractors generally tend to specialize in a submarket of construction and concentrate their work in particular geographic locations. The level of demand in a submarket at a particular time can influence the number of bidders and their bid prices. When work is scarce in the submarket, the average number of bidders for projects will be larger than at times of plenty. The net result of scarcity is likely to be the increase in the number of bidders per project and downward pressure on the bid price for each project in the submarket. At times of severe scarcity


Bioethanol Sector in India: Major Challenges To Overcome
Global demand for fuel efficiency, environmental quality and energy security have elicited global attention towards liquid biofuels, such as bioethanol and biodiesel. Around the world, governments have introduced various policy measurements, mandatory fuel blending programmes, incentives for flex fuel vehicles and agricultural subsidies for the farmers.
In India, the government launched Ethanol Blended Petrol (EBP) programme in January 2013 for 5% ethanol blended petrol. The policy had significant focus on India's opportunity to agricultural and industrial sectors with motive of boosting biofuel (bioethanol and biodiesel) usage and reducing the existing dependency on fossil fuel.
bioethanol india
The Government of India initiated significant investments in improving storage and blending infrastructure. The National Policy on Biofuels has set a target of 20% blending of biofuel by 2017. However, India has managed to achieve only 5% by September 2016 due to certain technical, market and regulatory hurdles.
In India, sugarcane molasses is the major resource for bioethanol production and inconsistency of raw material supply holds the major liability for sluggish response to blending targets. Technically speaking, blend wall and transportation-storage are the major challenges towards the biofuel targets. Blending wall is the maximum percent of ethanol that can be blended to fuel without decreasing the fuel efficiency.
Various vehicles are adaptable to various blending ratio based on the flexibility of engines. The technology for the engine modification for flex fuel is not new but making the engines available in India along with the supply chain and calibrating the engine for Indian conditions is the halting phase. The commonly used motor vehicles in the country are not effectual with flex fuel.
Sugarcane molasses is the most common feedstock for bioethanol production in India
Sugarcane molasses is the most common feedstock for bioethanol production in India
Ethanol being a highly flammable liquid marks obligatory safety and risk assessment measures during all phases of production, storage and transportation. The non-uniform distribution of raw material throughout the country, demands a compulsory transportation and storage, especially inter-state movement, encountering diverse climatic and topographic conditions.
Major bioethanol consumers in India are potable liquor sector (45%), alcohol based chemical industry (40%), the rest for blending and other purposes. The yearly profit elevation in major sectors is a dare to an economical ethanol supply for Ethanol Blending Programme. Drastic fluctuation in pricing of sugar cane farming and sugar milling resulted to huge debt to farmers by mill owners. Gradually the farmers shifted from sugarcane cultivation other crops.
Regulatory and policy approaches on excise duty on storage and transportation of ethanol and pricing strategy of ethanol compared to crude oil are to be revised and implemented effectively. Diversifying the feedstocks (especially use of lignocellulosic biomass) and advanced technology for domestic ethanol production in blending sectors are to be fetched out from research laboratories to commercial scale. Above all the knowledge of economic and environmental benefits of biofuel like reduction in pollutants and import bills and more R&D into drop-in biofuels, need to be amplified for the common man.


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Most of the clients we have worked with and most of our projects give communities valuable information about how to invest their future growth. Compact urban development is presented as the optimal alternative. Our work in the Buffalo-Niagara Falls metropolitan area demonstrated that constraint and compactness are all the more important in a community with stagnant population growth and a struggling economy.
Despite a falling population count the region has continued to expand infrastructure and break ground on new development. As a result it suffers from overstretched resources and widespread vacant or abandoned property. The region also, however, has a rich legacy of historic architecture. The buildings which survived urban renewal and economic turmoil continue to shine through as powerful tax engines.
Urban3 conducted a region-wide tax analysis that focused on both the value of historic preservation and importance of regional cooperation. This entailed focusing on different scales of downtown development beyond the historic core in Buffalo. We investigated the importance of "main street" downtowns in suburban satellite communities. Part of the motivation for this project was identifying the most successful applications of value capture policies, such as payment in lieu of taxes.
Vice President, Regional Development
Buffalo Niagara Partnership


$1 for 3 months. Save 97%.
$1 for 3 months. Save 97%.
New book from television personality Esmonde-White highlights fitness
Beth Nieman
Miranda Esmonde-White, a bestselling author and television personality, wants to share her secrets for feeling well every day with her book "Aging Backwards: Fast Track." Esmond-White has shared her exercises on public television for many years with a program called "Classical Stretch." Her book features a 30-day program for a method she calls "essentrics," which she wrote for people of any age who want to maintain or increase flexibility, be stronger, and feel good.
"One of the major complaints of aging is a general feeling of stiffness. It often manifests as an inability to pull a sweater over the head or get in and out of a car," observes Esmonde-White. And although she acknowledges walking as "a great fresh-air exercise," she points out "walking is mostly activated by momentum and not muscle activity." Therefore, she recommends gentle mobility and stretching every day.
The first part of Esmonde-White's book devotes a chapter each to six essential practices which guide readers through her fitness program:
 1. Reboot muscles, bones, and connective tissue through slow, deliberate motions.
 2. Recharge your brain through twisting, turning, bending, and reaching—more complex motions which stimulate an important protein needed to nourish neurons (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, or BDNF); tai chi, dancing, and Esmonde-White's routines all incorporate these types of motion.
 3. Rebalance your body to help prevent repetitive motion injuries such as carpal tunnel syndrome or the joint damage due to strenuous physical activity.
 4. Exercise pain free, without the use of painkillers, by using movements which promote flexibility and strength, but not past the point of experiencing discomfort.
 5. Use relaxation to increase strength; this seems counterintuitive, until you recall that "a longer lever can lift more weight," says Esmonde-White, citing a 2009 study in the British Journal of Sports Medicine which found that eccentric exercise (in which muscles elongate) is superior to concentric exercise (in which muscles contract) for building muscle strength.
 6. Daily exercise starts with a 30-day commitment from the reader to faithfully do a gentle 30-minute routine.
The second half of Esmonde-White's book includes a fitness self-survey, photos of the stretches with detailed explanatory text, and suggestions for tracking your progress at the 1st-, 15th-, and 30th-day marks. Footnotes for the studies cited in the book are included so you can check into her claims for yourself.
A former professional dancer with the National Ballet of Canada, Esmonde-White's career was cut short when she broke her foot at age 21. She decided to open a dance and fitness center to help her clients develop the "long, lean, ballet-dancer-shaped muscles" which impart strength for a lifetime of healthy activity.
Check out her book at Carlsbad Public Library, or select one of the library's many other fitness and health resources, including DVDs you can use to work up a healthy sweat in the comfort of your own living room.


Why Parents Should Consider Judo Over Other Team Sports For Their Kids?
Unlike all team sports, martial arts, in general, gives the learner a good control over body and mind. Team sports can encourage kids to work with a group and get new friends but learning a martial art is very good as it can be used as just self-defense and also as a way to nurture talent. Kids these days are addicted to DominoQQ and a change of environment to learn martial arts can be quite helpful to stay away from playing these games.
Reasons why parents should consider Judo
There are many reasons to consider judo for their kids, but parents would sometimes believe it could lead the kids to use it for a fight outside so here are a few reasons to prove it wrong.
 1. ConfidenceLearning a martial art and getting good at it can boost the kid's confidence even outside the dojo.
 2. ExerciseIt proves as a good physical activity for the kids to help them lead a healthy life.
 3. DisciplineAny sport teaches discipline along with how to play better through practice.
 4. ControlUsing the mind and body in sync is something that all martial arts hold important.
 5. CompetitionAs Judo is a solo sport kid can test their skill and strength and strive to get better and reach the top.
 6. Self-defenseWith all these good things that the martial arts teach us, the main advantage can be the ability to defend oneself against others.
Judo is a very competitive sport which treats men and women alike. It has so many important values that can be thought to children and is more than just a brute sport. It also serves as a means of self-defense for the children. So parents should consider their kids for taking Judo lessons.
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An examination of municipal efforts to manage brownfields redevelopment in Ontario, Canada
Keywords:Brownfield, Contamination, Municipal, Planning, Canada
Since the mid-1990s, the reuse of brownfield properties for urban intensification has emerged as a core strategy in government efforts to remediate pollution and support renewal, regeneration, and retrofitting. While upper levels of government in Canada engaged in early efforts to devise policies, programs, and funding strategies to support redevelopment, the job of overseeing it has fallen mainly to local governments. This paper investigates the role of municipalities
in Ontario, Canada's most populous and industrialized province, in managing and facilitating brownfields redevelopment. Survey data from 43 municipalities, coupled with information gathered from six site visitations and provincial information, reveal that despite common goals, tools, and approaches put forward by Ontario municipalities
in their Community Improvement Plans, the management of planning, funding, and redevelopment issues continues to be a challenge for many, resulting in some very proficient municipalities and numerous hopeful ones with limited capacity to address this demanding issue.
Copyright: Institute of Urban Studies


Red Yeast Information | Evidenced-Based Supplement Guide on MedicineNet.com - How does Red Yeast work?
Red Yeast
How does Red Yeast work?
Red yeast supplements are manufactured by culturing Monascus purpureus yeast on rice at carefully controlled temperature and growing conditions to increase the concentrations of chemicals that lower blood cholesterol and triglycerides. These chemicals are similar to the prescription drugs known as "statins," including lovastatin (Mevacor) and others.
Are there safety concerns?
Red yeast rice might be safe when taken by mouth for up to 3 months. There isn't enough information to know if taking it for longer periods is safe. It can cause stomach discomfort, heartburn, intestinal gas, and dizziness.
Red yeast rice often contains chemicals similar to the prescription drugs called "statins." Therefore, red yeast can cause side effects similar to statin drugs such as liver damage and severe muscle pain and muscle damage. Red yeast rice should not be used without the supervision of a health care provider.
Do not take red yeast if:
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