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America is reported to be officially out of the recession of 2008; yet Americans are contending with the steepest unemployment rates since the 1960s. A Rockefeller Foundation study estimated that in 2009, 20 percent of households lost 25 percent or more of their income. Confidence in the economy is low and fears of a double-dip recession or worse are high.
With vulnerable populations facing such challenging circumstances, we need to think about the forces today that will shape the future of vulnerability tomorrow. What will vulnerability in America look like in 2030? How will key economic, policy, social, environmental and other factors evolve over the next two decades? Can we envision the different ways in which the future might unfold, and the kind of actions we might take today that could most effectively improve the health and well being of vulnerable people across a variety of different future conditions?
To explore these questions, we worked with the Institute for Alternative Futures on a scenario planning process that helps us to understand how our society could change over the next two decades. The scenarios highlight implications and questions for how those working in philanthropy–and across all sectors–can plan for future conditions to improve the outlook for vulnerable populations.
The following is a quick overview of the four scenarios we considered:
Scenario 1: COMEBACK?
The economy rebounds after the Great Recession. Education improves and benefits most families. But automation and offshoring prevent many jobs from ever coming back. Governments are constrained by their debts. Despite some improvements, the ranks of the vulnerable expand.
Scenario 2: DARK DECADES
The double-dip recession is followed by peak oil in 2016. Prices for energy and food rise rapidly while lowand middle-income jobs continue to disappear. Government services and payments are cut severely, while vulnerability rises significantly.
Scenario 3: EQUITABLE ECONOMY
A depression follows the Great Recession. Massive unemployment and hardship prompt a shift in values that leads to an economy that is fair and works for all. Governments are forced to be effective and education advances opportunity across populations. Vulnerability is reduced.
Scenario 4: CREATIVE COMMUNITIES
The economy recovers. High debt levels limit what federal and state governments can do. Families and communities become more self-reliant and entrepreneurial. Technology yields low-cost energy and food. Communities develop local currencies, barter services, and support innovation. Vulnerability is reduced.
The scenarios allow us to anticipate what might be, to imagine, to check assumptions, to leave less to chance, and to act in smarter ways to enhance the impact of our efforts and resources. The optimal response is to develop strategies that will work across a range of different conditions and the time to start identifying such strategies and solutions is now, guided by thoughtful, provocative tools.
Interested in applying the scenarios to inform your planning and programming? We've added valuable resources to this page to help you better understand the scenario process we used and how you can apply this research to your efforts. We suggest you start by listening to either one of the recordings from our March 22 and April 12 webinars. We also encourage reading the Vulnerability 2030 report and watching the individual scenario videosin-depth pictures of four possible outcomes for the future. After that, print off the workshop agenda and small group worksheet to help you conduct a futures planning process on your own. We hope you will share with us how you are using the scenarios in your work.
Tweet? Follow the conversation at _TAG_ or tweet us _USER_.
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While the need to address disparities in care is well known, few strategies for reducing disparities have been studied systematically.


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A HISTORY OF WORLD VISION'S WORLD MISSION
In 2000, New York-based pastor and teacher Sheila R. Vitale established Christ-Centered Kabbalah (CCK), through which she has released over 100 audio lectures, DVDs, and illustrations of spiritual principles, as well as her most recent book: The Prophecies of Daniel, Chapter 11, Alternate Translation. During her free time, Sheila R. Vitale supports World Vision.
A Christian humanitarian organization, World Vision partners with children, families, and communities throughout the world to help them achieve their potential by addressing the causes of poverty and injustice. It started over 65 years ago when founder Bob Pierce, in a simple act of kindness, used the $5 in his pocket to help a little girl.
Through the decades, World Vision has shifted its focus, depending on the call of the times. For example, in the 1970s, it came to the aid of Vietnamese refugees, and in the 1980s, it played a significant role in countering the Ethiopian famine. A decade later, World Vision advocated for involvement of the Church in the AIDS epidemic. More recently, the 2000s saw it helping to provide short-term relief and promote long-term recovery among those affected by the Asian tsunami. Today, World Vision affects the lives of 4 million children in over 100 countries. To learn more, visit WorldVision.org.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Abstract: There are several proposed or developed systems to locate faults on power transmission Lines. The conventional systems employ methods that are very different from the proposed one. They are based on transient detection on phase cables and make the measurements only at the edges of the transmission line to estimate the fault position. These systems do not perform well with branched transmission lines because of line reactions at the branching points, and neither with parallel lines because of the mutual coupling of adjacent circuits. Here, we propose a new method to locate faults on transmission towers. Line-to-ground Or line-to-line faults induce voltages, which on partially to ground through the towers. In the towers closest to the fault position, the voltages are greater and this behaviour can be used to locate the fault
Keywords: Sensors; X Bee.


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Fair Play for Children Freedom of Information Survey on Playground Provision in England 2011
Fair Play for children undertook a survey of 326 English local authorities in the early part of 2011.
The Councils selected were Principal Authorities delivering discretionary leisure services, including play provision. In the main, this would include the London Boroughs, Unitary Authorities and District/Borough Councils where there are also County Councils.
School playgrounds were excluded.
The questions asked sought to establish:
There was a question about types of play area, many councils use a definition formulated by Fields in Trust, some do not, and this is recorded.
Also, estimate of acreage of play area space. This proved a challenge as some authorities either do not have a record, or their play areas in some cases are within parks and without fencing. In some cases, a figure of 400 sq metres was used in the calculation process.
Because Parish Councils also provide play areas, Councils were asked if they knew of any run by PCs, or other bodies, in their areas. Arising from this Fair Play has been in contact with the National Association of Parish Councils with a view to a non-FoI Survey (the FoI does not apply to Parish Councils) and this will be going ahead in co-operation with the NALC during the year.
Of the 326 Principal Councils surveyed, 300 responded, three mailings were necessary. Another 13 are pending with their responses and the remaining 13 have not responded at all and FP is considering complaints via the ICO.
So far as Fair Play for Children is aware, this is the first such national survey of play areas in England
A media story with comments can be viewed HERE
Furthermore, Fair Play has been able to calculate that, for the 11.2 million children aged under 16 years in England, this Principal Council provision provides 1 acre of such playsapce for every 752 children (or 692 per play area).
To provide playgrounds for 1 acre for every 100 children:
it is suggested you may wish to ensure you have checked appropriately about copyright of the information below with the Freedom of Information Officer of the relevent Council(s) before non-private use.
Enquiries: 0843-_PHONE_ Office hours 10am-4pm Tue-Fri

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Air traffic control
Air Traffic Management controls the air traffic in an orderly and safe manner.
Air traffic management
Through its different services, the main objective of the Air Navigation Air Traffic Management is to manage, organise and manage its resources to facilitate orderly and safe air traffic control.Likewise, another fundamental objective of air traffic control is to ensure that the air navigation system is capable of meeting the demand of existing air traffic at all times by Aena customers.
There are two different types of demand: internal and external. The first is related to the number of air movements managed by the different Air traffic control centres (ACC), while the second deals with the number of flights handled by Spanish flight information regions (FIR) and its comparison with the most important FIRs in Europe.
Air traffic in Spain is not regular all year round, but depends on the numbers of tourists at any given time. During the summer months it grows spectacularly, particularly in more popular areas such as Malaga, Majorca or Alicante. Hence, the evolution of air traffic is shown through statistical data relating to the level of demand. This data refers to the volume of movements handled by the regional management rather than to individual flights, given that a single flight may produce various movements on passing through the different divisions of Spanish airspace.
Aeronautical information updates:More innovations >
Download Air Navigation charges.


Stuart Kay
As highlighted in the article "Engineering Regenerative Medicine's Future" in the September 1, 2011 issue of GEN, there is international recognition among stakeholders in the regenerative medicine sector that the commercialization of novel therapeutic interventions must be expedited in order for them to be provided by healthcare systems and providers, within the existing infrastructure.
In the last article, I wrote about standards and enabling technologies, but this time I turn my attention to approaches for reducing the total cost of goods.
Why worry about the cost of goods? Although the health economics of the different regen med therapeutic approaches are yet to be fully understood, it is generally recognized that reducing the prohibitively high costs associated with the delivery of regenerative medicine interventions is paramount to successful market access.
Of course, within the regenerative medicine space it is recognized that the diversity of therapeutic approaches (cells, devices, biomaterials, and biologics) means that there is no single economic model, and not all therapies are equal.
Nevertheless, until the costs of regen med therapies can compete with conventional biopharmaceutical therapies, where margins are typically 65–90%, the regen med industry will principally remain a niche therapy option divorced from mainstream healthcare reimbursement systems. As a result, there will be a detrimental impact on inward investment and funding into the regenerative medicine industry.
Sometimes this is because the immediate focus is on achieving a licensing deal, but potential licensors are conscious of such issues, and during due diligence will conduct thorough risk assessments and consider the balance between progressing with a constrained manufacturing approach, or the cost, time, and effort required to develop a scalable process.
How Can Engineering Help?
It is worth remembering that the majority of challenges that regen med face are no more challenging than those that are faced by the biopharmaceutical industry, and that advice can be taken from others as to how to approach some of these challenges.
Here are a few areas where product developers can focus to reduce the overall cost of goods, and produce capable and cost-effective enabling technologies and products:
 - At the early stage of the development, prepare a target product profile (TPP), which considers not only the agents with the right efficacy, but also how the therapy is to be deployed and used, and what the ideal claims would be. The TPP embodies the notion of beginning with the goal in mind.
 The mode of delivery can often add an additional layer of complexity, particularly from a regulatory perspective and from the perspective of the clinical end-users. Establishing the TPP often results in a clear understanding of the regulatory pathway and the requirements of the intended delivery mechanism. This helps to minimize product waste in manufacture and reduce surgical/clinical time associated with the intervention.
 This may lead to the development of a retro-injector, similar to the type used for the injection of fragile implants but designed for cell therapies. It means that the delivered load does not need to be forced beyond the end of the needle, there is lower pressure and shear on the individual cells, and there is no need to coordinate delivery with retraction.
 - Development of modular, single-use cGxP-in-a-box systems that are appropriate for both R&D and scalable production (either scaleup or scale-out) appears especially attractive for autologous therapies, where the advantages of flexibility and relatively low volume manufacture are coupled with reduced capital spending, ease of transfer from lab to validated production, and elimination of the need to clean the system between therapies.
 Given a modular design of the core product, all the surplus system functionality can be stripped out when transferring from R&D to production, thus reducing the cost even further.
 - In the previous GEN article, we discussed the need for industry collaboration to develop and introduce industry standards, in order to facilitate objective interpretation of regulatory guidance. Now consider the advantage of developing in-line testing standards, rather than batch-release standards.
 Within the biopharmaceutical industry at large, this is known as process analytical technology (PAT), and it describes a fundamental shift from static batch manufacturing to a more dynamic approach. There has been a relatively slow uptake in the industry, but this is principally because it is a mature industry, and many pharma firms consider themselves locked in with their validated systems. Given that regenerative medicine is still relatively fledgling, now is the time.
 The FDA describes PAT as defining the critical process parameters (CPPs) of the equipment used to make the product, which affect the critical quality attributes (CQAs) of the product and then controlling these CPPs within defined limits. This allows manufacturers to produce products with consistent quality and also helps to reduce waste and overall costs.
 - Work to ensure that the aforementioned single-use manufacturing systems and inspection systems can work together effectively. They don't need to be integrated into a single large system, but the focus is on the avoidance of manual interaction, loss of sterility, and the need for delay due to batch release testing (Figure).
 - For those products that need shipping (which can account for 20–50% of the manufactured cost) with a reasonable amount of care—but not necessarily cold chain shipping—consider the development of a simple packing solution with low-cost disposable indicators that give a permanent and immediate indication of mishandling.
It is unlikely that all of the above will be appropriate for any single therapy, but they do demonstrate the value that engineers bring to any given development program and can help to ensure that the science can translate into robust, capable, and cost-effective product.
A further tangible benefit that will likely come as a result of such engineering work is the development and commercialisation of intellectual property (IP) relating to innovations that go beyond direct cell therapy based approaches, and which add further breadth to a developer's overall portfolio. The European Union's Grand Court judgement in 'Brüstle v Greenpeace' (October 2011), which ruled that stem cells from human embryos cannot be patented, means that the commercial value of IP in such interventions will migrate, for example, to enabling technologies such as processing equipment and devices.
Over the last decade, there have been a number of casualties in the regenerative medicine industry due to economics—sometimes due to treatment costs, and sometimes due to cash flow during extended regulatory approval time—and this has been exacerbated by the international austerity that is tightening the purse strings.
However, there are those companies and collaborations that have considered that addressing the cost of goods from the outset is critical to success, and across the realm of regen med they are typically the ones that are still surviving in these difficult times.
Addressing the complete product design, manufacture, and manner of use at an early stage means that many of the non-value-added parts and stages can be minimized or eliminated. An efficient and lean product that delivers a novel therapy, coupled with scalable manufacturing, provides an attractive investment target whether you are looking for external funding or an increased slice of internal R&D budget.
Many of the examples that I reference in this article are common problems affecting many developing regen med systems and products. By addressing the non-value-added costs, the regen med sector will be free to focus on the ground-breaking therapies being developed, which will enhance its potential to go mainstream.
Stuart Kay ( is head of the electromechanical engineering group at Team Consulting.


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Acacia leprosa 'Scarlet Blaze'
Plant of the month: January
Acacia leprosa 'Scarlet Blaze' is a quite remarkable plant. For most people, the acacias or wattles (sometimes also erroneously known as mismosas) are recognisable by their cream or yellow-coloured flowers. Therefore it might come as a surprise seeing this cultivar in bloom as it displays crimson red flowers, which is unique among the wattles. 'Scarlet Blaze' is quite a recent discovery and arose from a single red-flowered specimen discovered by bushwalkers in a state forest north east of Melbourne, Australia, in 1995. Upon discovery, 12 cuttings were removed of which only two survived, which was just as well because the original plant has since died. It was from these two cuttings that thousands of plants would eventually be produced. Acacia leprosa 'Scarlet Blaze' is a medium to tall shrub or small tree with an erect or weeping habit. The flower clusters are globular in shape and in pairs. To maintain their crimson-red colour this plant needs to be propagated by cuttings, when grown from seed the red colouring reverts to the more traditional yellow flower.


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With a yearly increase in international students/phd and staff TU Delft is becoming more and more diverse and international. The heterogeneity in the classroom requires and acute awareness of the intercultural differences of the population, the TU Delft Educational Context and the impact on the role of the teacher in the International Classroom.
The teacher will have to reconsider his course material and teaching methods in relation to the international audience. He/she (the lecturer) will have to think about:
- The added value of working with an international student body
- The differences between an homogeneous groups and an internationally diverse group
- The central values embedded within the proper teaching style and how these values are conveyed to the students
- The difficulties of international teamwork for students and how to facilitate the students to obtain an optimal result?
- The assumptions with respect to grading
In this OpenCourseWare course "Diversity in Educational Settings" slides and assignments can be found, which are used in a train the teacher training for lecturers at TU Delft. In a workshop setting of three afternoons from 13.30-17.00 hours, lecturers are informed about relevant practical knowledge/skills derived from scientific research into and tacit knowledge on the international classroom. The slides are the backbone of many discussions and practical exercises, such as group-work/role-plays and cases.
An Appetizer: What is the international classroom all about?
- Day 1: Exploring the hidden dimension teacher roles/student roles
Awareness of individual attitudes
Knowing your population
- Course day 2: Exploring communication patterns
Analyzing communication patterns of the student population
Getting to know your role as a teacher in creating the learning environment
- Course day 3: Exploring Group work/Conflict management
Learning the added value/pitfalls of International teamwork. E.g. What to do when conflict occurs?
Identifying working methods, which help students to acquire internationalization competencies.
The course materials can be used by professionals in intercultural communication or by lecturers/students interested in intercultural communication. They are primarily available as materials to start reflection unto the individual contexts of lecturers in an international higher education setting. The skills can only be acquired by following the accompanied course or other certified courses in this area.
Many of the materials are also available on the web. Therefore, the material is used with courtesy to those who made it initially available on the web. I'll be happy to cross reference if any materials are recognized as being initially used elsewhere.
Diversity in Educational Settings by TU Delft OpenCourseWare is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at _URL_


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How to Structure an SL Business Management Internal Assessment
The SL Business IA is worth 25% of your final mark in SL Business Management class. Conveniently, it's also out of 25 marks, so every point you score on your IA gives you an extra 1% in the course. Here is how to get all of those points.
Your job is to choose an interesting business question and then use 3 to 5 documents (for data) and 3 or 4 course tools (for analysis) to answer it. Your IA can have a maximum of 1500 words.
You'll focus on a single business and then also a certain aspect of that business. You wouldn't, for example, write an IA about the shipping industry (too broad and not a specific business). But you could write about about how Amazon has begun to compete within this market and how this has affected the company.
How the SL IA is different than the HL IA
Let's first make sure you're clear on the differences between the SL and HL Business Management IAs. This will help to keep you from accidentally doing things you don't need to do.
- The SL word count is less and you don't need a Research Proposal section
- All (or almost all) of your data for the SL IA should come from just a few supporting documents that you choose.
- In the HL IA most information comes from primary sources. SL IA information comes entirely (or almost entirely) from secondary sources.
- SL students are limited to using just 3, 4 or 5 main sources. Whereas HL students can use as many as they want. Note that you (SL students) are allowed to use additional sources to fill in small details (to get an additional few facts, or to define a word), but mostly you'll be using your 3-5 main documents (so choose them carefully).
Choosing your documents
Here's what matters when you're choosing your 3 to 5 sources:
- Variety of views. It's important when choosing your documents to represent a variety of different documents that are relevant to the issue you've chosen.
- Variety of types. In addition to different views, also gather information from different types of sources. This will help you look at the topic in different ways and draw on different types of insights. You might use 2 (very different) business articles, an Annual Report (which contains financial data) and an academic paper. Students (especially weaker students) will sometimes rely solely on business articles (i.e. BBC and CNN news stories). However, it's more useful to also look at academic papers, annual reports, company website, available market research or similar documents.
- Something impressive. Try to include at least one source which shows your willingness to work hard and go beyond the minimum requirements. Trade journals and advanced academic papers are good for this.
- Sources which fit your tools. Of course, you'll want to be thinking about the types of analysis you're wanting to do (to answer your question), so keep that in mind as well. In particular try to find at least one source which contains numbers, so you can do some financial analysis.
- All sources are recent. The supporting documents MUST be written within a maximum of three years prior to when you're doing your final exams. So, if you are taking your final IB exams in May 2021, all of your sources should be written later than June 2018.
Videos and audio clips
Many students don't realize you're allowed to use a video or an audio clip, as long as your sources for these are "reputable." Avoid the random youtuber who happens to love Supreme clothes. (Actually, avoid everyone who likes Supreme. That's a good rule.) But a Bloomberg news clip of the same company (also on Youtube) could be just fine. A video produced by the company themselves is also a good source.
If you do use a video or audio file, you'll need to include a document in the appendix that is either a full transcript of the video or at least a clear summary of the main points you used in your IA. This way it's clear to the marker what information was actually in the file, without them needing to access the file (which might not work out for some reason). Also, please make sure to provide very clear referencing of the file (again using MLA _URL_ so we can trace the source)
How to Structure Your SL Business Management IA
- Your Research Question
- Intended Audience (i.e. To Company X)
- The IB Number (Something in the format "abc123" (i.e. fjk932)
- Session (i.e. May 2021)
- IA word count. (Note that if you include an Acknowledgments section, that part isn't included in your word count. More word count tips to come).
- (Also, notice that the student's name, school, candidate number and student number should not be on the cover sheet anymore).
Include (with corresponding page numbers):
- Analysis and Discussion
- Works Cited
Acknowledgments (Not included in the word count)
You're allowed to have an Acknowledgments section, where you thank people like your teacher and anyone else (i.e. a Librarian) who helped you with your IA. It's customary in Business IAs. It's not mandatory though.
Introduction (approx. 150 words)
The IB says they want the introduction to "set the scene".
- State the company name and clearly explain what the company does.
- State and briefly explain your research question.
- Explain why this topic (your research question) is important for the company to understand.
Methodology (approx. 200 words)
Overall this is where you can begin to convince us that you chose your sources thoughtfully and that they give a range of viewpoints/perspectives, which aided your analysis.
- Mention the parts of the course (chapters and tools) that you're going to use to explore the issue and why you chose these. (Watch this YouTube clip if you aren't sure about how to choose your tools, because using the right tools is essential to scoring well in your IA.) Here is detailed advice for members for what to watch out for with each of the most popular course tools. (You can join here).
- Explain some of the sources of information you used and why you chose them (i.e. what data they provided).
- Explain how valid and reliable your data collection was. We actually want to see you noting some potential weaknesses here. For example, how there may have been room for bias or a limited scope to your research.
- Mention at least one change made to your IA approach (i.e. a change of tool, source, or question) as the work progressed. Ideally there would be several.
Analysis and discussion (approx. 900 words)
This is the section where you'll do your analysis. Use the JAM structure, using one of the analytical techniques of the course. Use 3 or 4 techniques for analyzing. Give yourself around 300 words per tool, if you're using 3 tools.
If you haven't watched this yet, here is my YouTube video on choosing your tools.
In your mini-conclusions, make sure to explore what insights and themes emerge from your analysis of that tool. And try to do some synthesis as you go --linking the insights of this tool with the insights of the tools that have preceded it. Make it really clear how the insights of your tool have been helpful (or not) in answering your research question.
As you write, comment on the reliability of your sources. You will get points (in Criterion E) for these insights. If you happen to also take History, this is similar to OPVL
A few more tips that will make your Analysis work better:
- Don't rely too much on just one or two documents.
- Of course make sure you've cited all of the facts. The majority of these will come from your 3 to 5 documents, but you should cite all of your sources using standard MLA formatting, even though you've put a copies of all of your documents the Appendix.
- Include a clear justification of the use of the theory (how it will help answer the RQ),
- Include as much of your information as possible within the tools (rather than in paragraph form).
- Make sure your mini-conclusions are linked to the research question.
- Try to include at least one financial tool. If you do, it should go after your qualitative tools. In general we like to see qualitative tools (such as SWOT and PEST) come before the quantitative ones (like ratio analysis and decision trees). Partly this is because the qualitative tools set the scene and provide context for the financials. Also it's just conventional in this course.
- As much as possible, try to use key words from the course in the main body. (Here are some words you can use). This will help you with Criterion F.
- Make sure that you've used data from all of your sources in your tools.
Conclusion (Approx. 250 words)
- The conclusion should not introduce facts or arguments that have not been discussed previously, in the JAM sections of your analysis.
- Make sure the conclusions are well supported by your analysis.
- Don't hold your best insights for the conclusion. Instead try to include them in an earlier analysis part (and mini-conclusions) and then (in your big conclusion) synthesize them with other parts of your analysis to make more nuanced/interesting points.
- Make sure you've included a clear answer to your question.
- Try to include some "evaluative insights". For example, consider the pros and cons, short-term vs long-term effects,


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I have a bat script which runs a java application. If I press ctrl+c on it, it the application terminates gracefully, invoking all the shutdown hooks. However, if I just close the cmd window of the bat script, the shutdown hooks are never invoked.
Is there a way to solve this? Perhaps there's a way to tell the bat script how to terminate the invoked applications when its window is closed?
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3 Answers
up vote 10 down vote accepted
From addShutdownHook documentation:
In rare circumstances the virtual machine may abort, that is, stop running without shutting down cleanly. This occurs when the virtual machine is terminated externally, for example with the SIGKILL signal on Unix or the TerminateProcess call on Microsoft Windows.
So i think nothing to do here, unfortunately.
CTRL-CLOSE signal in Windows Console. Seems non-tweakable.
Quoting above link:
The system generates a CTRL+CLOSE signal when the user closes a console. All processes attached to the console receive the signal, giving each process an opportunity to clean up before termination. When a process receives this signal, the handler function can take one of the following actions after performing any cleanup operations:
 - Call ExitProcess to terminate the process.
 - Return FALSE. If none of the registered handler functions returns TRUE, the default handler terminates the process.
 - Return TRUE. In this case, no other handler functions are called, and a pop-up dialog box asks the user whether to terminate the process. If the user chooses not to terminate the process, the system does not close the console until the process finally terminates.
UPD. If native tweaks are acceptable for you, WinAPI SetConsoleCtrlHandler function opens way for suppressing of default behavior.
UPD2. Revelations on Java signal handling and termination relatively old article, but section Writing Java signal handlers really may contain what you need.
UPD3. I've tried Java signal handlers from article above. It works with SIGINT nicely, but it not what we need, and i decided to carry it with SetConsoleCtrlHandler. The result is a bit complicated and may be not worth to implement in your project. Anyway, it could help someone else.
So, the idea was:
 1. Keep reference to shutdown handler thread.
 2. Set custom native console handler routine with JNI.
 3. Call custom Java method on CTRL+CLOSE signal.
 4. Call shutdown handler from that method.
Java code:
public class TestConsoleHandler {
 private static Thread hook;
 public static void main(String[] args) {
 hook = new ShutdownHook();
 replaceConsoleHandler(); // actually not "replace" but "add"
 try {
 Thread.sleep(10000); // You have 10 seconds to close console
 } catch (InterruptedException e) {}
 public static void shutdown() {
 private static native void replaceConsoleHandler();
 static {
class ShutdownHook extends Thread {
 public void run() {
 try {
 // do some visible work
 new File("d:/shutdown.mark").createNewFile();
 } catch (IOException e) {
Native replaceConsoleHandler:
JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_TestConsoleHandler_replaceConsoleHandler(JNIEnv *env, jclass clazz) {
 SetConsoleCtrlHandler(&HandlerRoutine, TRUE);
And handler itself:
BOOL WINAPI HandlerRoutine(__in DWORD dwCtrlType) {
 if (dwCtrlType == CTRL_CLOSE_EVENT) {
 JNIEnv *env;
 jint res = jvm->AttachCurrentThread((void **)(&env), &env);
 jclass cls = env->FindClass("TestConsoleHandler");
 jmethodID mid = env->GetStaticMethodID(cls, "shutdown", "()V");
 env->CallStaticVoidMethod(cls, mid);
 return TRUE;
 return FALSE;
And it works. In JNI code all error checks are omitted for clearance. Shutdown handler creates empty file "d:\shutdown.mark" to indicate correct shutdown.
Complete sources with compiled test binaries here.
share|improve this answer
Yes, I've already read this. I was just wondering whether there's some kind of a shutdown hook in batch files. – Zoltán Feb 14 '12 at 13:35
I've updated answer. Maybe someone will suggest some magic for console. – Mersenne Feb 14 '12 at 13:40
Updated again with link to Chris White's article. – Mersenne Feb 14 '12 at 14:07
This doesn't seem to be true, because when I press ctrl+c to stop my batch script, the shutdown hooks are invoked, but when I just close the window, they're not. – Zoltán Feb 14 '12 at 14:12
Ctrl-C generates different signal. Right now i can't check solution described in article, but i'm concerned now and will look deeper soon. – Mersenne Feb 14 '12 at 14:20
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Though the batch file may be terminated, the console (window) the batch file has been running in may be left open, depending on the operating system, the command processor, and how batch file execution was started (from a command prompt or through a shortcut).
taskkill is a good command for ending a program which is distributed with Windows (I'm assuming you want to stop a DIFFERENT program, not the batch file itself).
It is possible to end programs by process id, executable name, window title, status (i.e. not responding), DLL name, or service name.
Here are some examples based on how you might use this in your batch file:
Force "program.exe" to stop (often the /f "force" flag is needed to force the program to stop, just check whether it is needed for your application by trial and error):
taskkill /f /im program.exe
Stop any non-responsive programs:
taskkill /fi "Status eq NOT RESPONDING"
Stop a program based on its window title (* wildcard is allowed here to match anything):
taskkill /fi "WindowTitle eq Please Login"
taskkill /fi "WindowTitle eq Microsoft*"
You can even use it to stop a program on another computer on your network (although writing the password of an account in a batch file is just not a good idea).
taskkill /s JimsPC /u Jim /p James_007 /im firefox.exe
Another alternative also distributed with Windows is tskill. Although it doesn't have nearly as many options, the commands are a bit simpler.
I am not sure there is. I would think that closing the cmd window is akin to force-closing the app i.e. immediate termination with no further notice. This has the behavior of many applications that, when they are asked to force-close, they actually take a long time to finally terminate. This is because in the OS's efforts to release all resources, some resources (especially certain I/O and/or file resources) don't let go immediately.
IMO, there's nothing Java could even do about it if it wanted to. A force-close happens at the OS level, at which point it releases the memory, file and I/O handles in use, etc. Java does not (nor does any other program) have control over a force-close. At this point, the OS is taking charge.
Someone please correct me if I'm wrong.
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I don't want to stop a program, this is not the issue. The issue is that when I close the cmd window (by pressing on the x in the top-right corner), the batch file terminates my java application in a manner that it doesn't invoke its shutdown hooks. – Zoltán Feb 14 '12 at 13:59
_USER_ See my edited comment above. I'm open to corrections. – Frankline Feb 14 '12 at 14:14
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Further to the above answer of using SetConsoleCtrlHandler, you can also do this using JNA rather than writing your own native code.
You could create your own interface on kernel32 if you wanted, or use the one provided in this excellent framework: _URL_
Some example code:
import com.github.axet.desktop.os.win.GetLastErrorException;
import com.github.axet.desktop.os.win.handle.HANDLER_ROUTINE;
import com.github.axet.desktop.os.win.libs.Kernel32Ex;
private static HANDLER_ROUTINE handler =
 public long callback(long dwCtrlType) {
 if ((int)dwCtrlType == CTRL_CLOSE_EVENT) {
 // *** do your shutdown code here ***
 return 1;
 return 0;
public static void assignShutdownHook() {
 if (!Kernel32Ex.INSTANCE.SetConsoleCtrlHandler(handler, true))
 throw new GetLastErrorException();
Note that I assigned the anonymous class to a field. I originally defined it in the call to SetConsoleCtrlHandler, but I think it was getting collected by the JVM.
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Your Answer


H5P Guides
Drag the Words Tutorial
Drag the Words question type allowing creatives to create text-based challenges where users are to drag words into blanks in sentences. Excellent for language training among other things.
In this tutorial you will learn:
 - When to use Drag the Words
 - How to create a Drag the Words
Not using H5P yet?
Here's the Drag the Words we'll create in this tutorial:
When to use Drag the Words
Drag the Words allows content designers to create textual expressions with missing pieces of text. The end-user drags a missing piece of text to its correct place, to form a complete expression.
May be used to check if the user remembers a text she has read, or if she understands something. Helps the user think through a text.
Step 1: Topic
Let's say you want to ask a question:
What are the colors of these berries when they are ripe?
Blueberries are _______________
Strawberries are _______________
Cloudberries are _______________
And suggest colors: blue, red and orange.
Step 2: Create Drag the Words
Select the New content option and choose Drag the Words from the list of Content types:
Step 3: Drag the Words editor
The Drag the words editor should now appear. The top part of the editor looks like this:
Step 4: Title and Task description
The Task description should give the learner a short introduction or some instructions. A default Introduction text, which works fine in most cases, is suggested: "Drag the words into the correct boxes". However, you may modify it. In this example, we will type in the text: "What are the colors of these berries when they are ripe?"
Step 5: Add an exercise
The Text field is where you will type your exercise. Type in the following text:
Blueberries are *blue*.
Strawberries are *red*.
Cloudberries are *orange*.
Add (*) character in front and behind all the words/phrases that you want to display as droppables. For the learner, the word/phrase between (*) characters will appear as a blank inside the text and as a droppable item next to the text. Like shown here:
Step 6: Adding tips
Optionally, you can provide a tip for each word/phrase to help the learner find the correct answer or to provide some additional information about the word/phrase. Let's add some tip for the word "blue". A tip is defined by adding :tip_text next to the word.
So type in :Check the name of the berry! next to the word blue, as shown here:
For the learner, the tip will appear like shown here:
Step 7: Adding feedback
Optionally, you can add correct feedback and incorrect feedback for each word/phrase. This feedback will show below the exercise once the student click "Check".
Feedback is defined by typing \+correct_feedback and \-incorrect_feedback next to the word.
Step 8: Instructions
If you need a reminder of how tips and feedback are defined you can click on "Show information" button, which is placed next to the Text label:
The box with instructions will appear:
Step 9: Finishing up
Press Save when you are done!
You should now have the same result as this example


text:
CONTROL OF PATHOGENS IN STRAWBERRY AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTION SYSTEMS
Location: Crop Improvement and Protection Research
Title: Molecular variation among isolates of verticillium dahliae and PCR-based differentiation of races.
Submitted to: Phytopathology
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: May 15, 2010
Publication Date: August 3, 2010
Citation: Maruthachalam, K., Atallah, Z.K., Vallad, G.E., Klosterman, S.J., Hayes, R.J., Davis, R., Subbarao, K.V. 2010. Molecular variation among isolates of verticillium dahliae and PCR-based differentiation of races. Phytopathology. 100(11):1222-30.
Interpretive Summary: The soilborne fungal pathogen Verticillium dahliae can survive in the soil for years and infect plants through their roots. The pathogen invades the vascular tissue and causes plant wilting. V. dahliae causes a disease on many vegetable crops and ornamental plants in California and worldwide. It is also established that there are two pathogenic types of this fungus on tomato and lettuce, and these are known as race 1 and race 2. In lettuce and tomato, no plants have been found with resistance to race 2 of the pathogen. Therefore it is important to understand the genetically variability in the pathogen as well as that of the host plants which this fungus infects. In this study, genetic variability of the soilborne fungal pathogen V. dahliae from different plant sources was characterized based on molecular analyses of the DNA. The isolates of the fungus were primarily collected from tomato and lettuce, but also from other plants, in central and coastal California. The results indicate high level of genetic variability between isolates of V. dahliae. However, the tomato isolates of the fungus were genetically distinct from marigold isolates, while cotton and olive isolates appeared more closely related to tomato isolates. In addition a DNA primer set was used to amplify a race-1 specific DNA product, based on previously published work. Virulence assays were conducted in greenhouses to validate the race-specificity of this primer pair. The results indicate that this primer set can be used to distinguish race 1 from race 2 of the pathogen and therefore provide additional tool for the breeding of plant resistance to the pathogen.
Verticillium dahliae is a soilborne fungal pathogen that causes Verticillium wilt on a variety of economically important crops worldwide. Although race 1-specific resistance has been identified in both tomato and lettuce, no such resistance is available against race 2 of the pathogen. Knowledge of the variability of the pathogen at the field level and rapid differentiation of the two races of V. dahliae pathogenic on tomato and lettuce is critical for our related aim of breeding host resistance. In this study, eighty-two isolates were collected from different hosts mainly in central and coastal California and assessed for DNA polymorphisms in the internal transcribed spacers (ITS), intergenic spacer region (IGS), and microsatellite (Simple Sequences Repeats, SSRs) sequences. High levels of heterogeneity were observed in the IGS sequences among the isolates of V. dahliae. Analyses of the 22 SSR markers illustrated that tomato populations were distinct relative to the marigold population. In contrast, cotton and olive isolates showed admixture with tomato isolates. Because all other polymorphic markers were unable to delineate races of V. dahliae, a PCR approach using published sequences was applied to amplify a race 1-specific amplicon. The use of this primer set in a PCR assay was validated on isolates from many hosts, including those isolates from tomato and lettuce with known or unknown virulence phenotypes.


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Brazil is the largest country in South America. It has a variety of cultures that incorporates European, African and Native American cultures. In addition, religious flexibility of Brazil makes it highly hospitable for a vast majority of people. This paper focuses on the various aspects of Brazilian culture.
Religion and other belief systems
Brazil is a multi-religious state. These religions have great influence on the country's culture. Most of the cultural practices have been integrated in religion and vice versa (Blore & Vries, 2010).
The major religion in Brazil is Roman Catholicism, which has 75% of the entire population as its faithful members. This large number of Catholic faithfuls influences state decisions, and therefore can be considered as the orthodox doctrine for which other religions base their standards. For example, many non –Catholics undergo Catholic rituals such as infant baptism in Catholic churches. In addition, any decision passed by the government cannot be in violation with the doctrines of the Catholic Church.
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The other religions include Jehovah's Witnesses, Muslims, Methodists, Buddhists, Hinduism, Rastafarians, Eastern Orthodox Christians and Protestants. These religious entities play a vital role in culture diversification.
Brazil has a diverse musical culture. Its music incorporates the traditional Portuguese viola playing and African thrilling rhythms with modern elements of pop music.
The initial forms of music in Brazil were the 'lundu' and the 'modinha' which were African tunes that were sung as they played the native reed flutes. Later music was adopted as a means of passing religious doctrines to the natives. The tunes were the retained, but the original words of the songs were substituted with translated religious words.
Music is also used in modern Brazilian festivity and religion. For instance, the famous Brazilian Carnival. The Brazilian Carnival is a 5 day event that embraces both European and African traditions. It takes place before Lent. The event is full of drama; in which women wear outstanding costumes and people sleep on beaches. It is conducted in streets of Brazil and incorporates all Brazilians irrespective of age or social status
Diet and Nutrition
The staple foods in Brazil consist of black beans, flour, and white rice. They are prepared in different styles depending on the locality of a group. In most cases, these foods are served with chicken, fish and red meat. Moreover, Brazilians have a national dish and other popular food stuffs such as okra, peanuts, cheese bread, and chourico.
Majority of Brazilians are slum dwellers and hence cannot afford quality food. As a result, most families have children who suffer from malnutrition. However, government interventions and increased incomes from exports have contributed to better lifestyle. In addition, the number of people consuming animal products has increased in the recent years.
The type houses constructed in Brazil mainly depends on cost and available material for construction. In urban areas, brick houses are more common because they are cost effective to build. In the cities, stoned apartments and skyscrapers. However, in rural areas wooden and prefabricated houses are common due to the availability of timber and lack of cement in such localities.
The greater population in Brazil is made up of poor persons. In urban areas most people rent houses since they cannot afford mortgages or even buy their own houses. However, in rural areas people can afford to purchase and rent cheap houses. Although the cost of housing is cheaper in rural areas, people prefer living in slums provided they are urban areas. The city dwellers mostly live individual as opposed to rural dwellers who reside by their families
Though it's claimed that the 'Bahiana' is the national dress, Brazilian's have no specific national dress. This is because of their cultural diversity and hence each region has its preferred dressing mode. However, most of them prefer to wear bright colored and relaxed type of modern clothing.
This is because of the hot weather condition in most of the time in Brazil. For official purposes or work related functions, Brazilians observe etiquette similar to that in USA i.e. suits for men and women. However, women are also allowed to wear dresses, ornaments and have manicure. This form of dressing is common in most urban areas.
Recreation, Sports and Other Leisure Activities
Brazil has many recreational activities. This recreation activity depends on the location and time of year. However, there are some recreational which are independent of season. In urban slums, samba schools are popular for teaching dancing, costume creation and song writing. Along seaside cities, beach activities such as summer sunbathing are common. They also have soap operas that are televised every evening to keep the population entertained.
The major sporting activity in Brazil is soccer which has the highest number of fans. Thus, they have invested heavily in building stadiums in every city to encourage the development of the sport. As result, many Brazilian footballers, renowned for their astonishing skills, play in major football leagues worldwide. Other sporting activities in Brazil include beach volleyball.
The government health facilities accounts for approximately 20% of the total country's health institution. The small number of health facilities, free medical care policy and poverty results in overstretching the available health facilities.
The government has attempted to mitigate over the situation by paying handsomely doctors who are posted in the harshest conditions in Brazil. This has significantly reduced the mortality rates and increased life expectancy of the Brazilians. However, this has strained the health sector budget. In addition, the rural health facilities are under-equipped, understaffed and are in wanting conditions hence they are incapable of handling common diseases such as malaria and parasitic skin infections
Social Security
Brazil has a large number of people who are very poor. Therefore, it is impossible to for the country's social security system assist such a large number of persons. Thus, the system in place is structured to benefits only the citizens and foreigners who contribute to it.
Brazil is rich in cultural resources. These resources, if properly marketed to attract a large influx of tourists. Hence more income can be generated by the state to support the struggling citizens.
However, the government's effort is not sufficient enough to successfully eliminate the problem of poverty that rocks the country. Therefore more stake holders are required to work hand in hand with the government to successfully eliminate poverty in Brazil. In addition, decentralization of services should be done to discourage large influx rural -urban migration.
Blore, S. & Vries, A. (2010) Frommer's Brazil. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons
Categories: Music
Brazil to sustain economic growth. However, when
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Brazil is often viewed as the economic giant of the Third World. Its economy and territory are larger than the rest of South Americas, and its industry is the most advanced in the developing world. Brazilian foreign debt is also the Third Worlds largest. The problem of foreign debt has plagued the Latin American economies since the 1960s, when foreign borrowing was the only way for Latin American nations to sustain economic growth. However, when international interest rates began to rise in the 1980s, the debt these nations accumulated became unmanageable. In Brazil, the debt crisis of the 1980s marked the decline of an economy that had flourished since 1967, when foreign borrowing enabled the nation to develop its own productive industries and lessen its dependence on foreign manufactured goods. Similar to other Latin American nations, Brazilian overseas borrowing between 1967 and 1981 became a drain on the economy when international interest rates rose; by 1985, its excessive borrowing resulted in economic disaster, political dissension and protest, and the rise of an opposition government in Brazil.
However, by the 1980s, Brazil accumulated massive foreign debt, which ultimately caused the government to cut foreign spending and investment, drove interest rates so high that businesses could not borrow money for investment and expansion, and precipitated the bankruptcy of numerous companies, the unemployment of wage laborers, and growing social unrest. Between 1979 and 1982, the debt amassed by Brazilian banks increased from $7.7 billion to $16.1 billion. By 1982, debt-service payments were equivalent to 91% of Brazils merchandise exports, up from 51% in 1977. In mid-1988, inflation in Brazil ran above 500%, and the value of the foreign debt Brazil has to repay remains the largest in the Third World.
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Rising international trade, which may culminate in a South African free-trade zone, has enabled the Brazilian economy to flourish once again. Brazils huge foreign debt, however, remains outstanding and continues to loom over its recent economic success.
Categories: Industry
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text:
MANHATTAN, KAN. -- A Kansas State University researcher's plant genetic work is rooted in the sunflower state.
Mark Ungerer, associate professor of biology, has two major research projects that involve evolutionary change in sunflowers, the state flower of Kansas.
"What we do in the lab is referred to as ecological or evolutionary genetics," Ungerer said. "We study naturally occurring species and try to understand the genetic basis or genetic underpinnings of natural variation."
There are more than 50 species of sunflowers. Some are annual plants -- meaning they germinate, flower and die in one year -- and some are perennial plants that grow and bloom every year and live longer.
Ungerer's first project focuses on five species of annual sunflowers: two parent species and three hybrid derivative species. All three hybrid species arose from ancient hybridization events between the same two parents -- an unusual way for new species to develop, Ungerer said.
"What also makes the system unique is that the hybrid species are recently derived in the last half a million years," Ungerer said. "It seems like a long time, but that is actually pretty recent in evolutionary terms."
But there is another interesting aspect of the three hybrid species: While they have the same number of chromosomes as the two parent species, the hybrid species' genomes are 50 to 75 percent larger in terms of the amount of DNA.
Ungerer's research team made an important discovery that explains this DNA difference. The researchers studied long terminal repeat, or LTR, retrotransposons, which are mobile genetic elements that can copy themselves and insert the copies into various chromosome locations. Ungerer's team discovered that the hybrid species and the parent species were different because of massive proliferation events, or rapid reproduction, of the LTR retrotransposons. Not only that, these transposable elements are still active and cause mutations in sunflowers.
"It's like a smoking gun," Ungerer said. "It helps us study the process."
The researchers now want to know the triggers of these proliferation events and how the species have reacted to this increase in genome size. Ungerer has received $610,000 from the National Science Foundation to study these rapid proliferation events and how they affect the evolution of the hybrid sunflowers.
"Although virtually all plants and animals have these types of sequences in their genomes, we still know very little about what phenomena cause them to amplify and make extra copies of themselves," Ungerer said.
Ungerer is studying two naturally occurring phenomena -- hybridization and stress -- that are hypothesized to cause proliferation of these mobile DNA sequences. The group of five annual sunflowers provides an excellent system to study the roles of hybridization and stress because not only have the three hybrid species arisen from ancient hybridization events, but they also are locally adapted to harsh and stressful environments, unlike their parental species. Two of the hybrid species grow in the desert and the third hybrid species grows in salt marshes, Ungerer said.
Ungerer's second project looks at clinal variation of a perennial sunflower species. This species has a wide geographic distribution across central North America and grows in areas from Texas north to Manitoba, Canada. Ungerer wants to understand population differences between sunflowers in different parts of the region.
For this research, Ungerer's team is conducting common garden experiments, which involve gathering seeds from each of the populations across central North America. The Kansas seeds came from the Konza Prairie Biological Station. The seeds are then grown in the same common garden at Kansas State University.
"If you see differences among plants in a common garden experiment, you attribute that to genetic differences of populations at these different locations," Ungerer said. "We have found striking differences."
Some of these striking differences include germination and flowering time. For example, because the growing season in Manitoba is much shorter, sunflowers grow quickly and flower in about two months. In Texas, where the growing season is much longer, sunflowers grow much slower and the plants grow much larger before they flower in about seven months.
"Now we are trying to expand this research to look at some of the underlying genetics of these differences," Ungerer said.
His second project has been funded by the K-State Integrated Genomic Facility and the Division of Biology's Research Experiences for Undergraduates program.
In addition to his sunflower work, Ungerer has several ongoing research projects. He is studying freezing tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana, a model plant species, across several geographic regions. He is also working with other K-State biology researchers to study mating patterns of the bison herd on the Konza Prairie.
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


[Medieval Chronicles] Super Unnatural Walkthrough
Clues and answers for Medieval Chronicles 2. Solve the case of a murderous mummy and its curse. Kongregate.
M. Chronicles 1 | Table of Contents | M. Chronicles 3
1. Go right and talk to the soldier blocking the way. Select the Badge clue at the upper right corner and talk to the soldier again.
2. Go right, then up to the crime scene.
3. After the cutscene, go left to find the officer-in-charge.
4. After the cutscene, interact with the armor with a helmet on it to find the mummy.
~~walkthrough by moshimushi.wordpress.com
Collect clues
1. Talk to Dr. Sigh (+Incident Report)
2. Talk to Assistant Grayson to the leftmost in front of the Rex bones.
3. Interact with the nearest potted plant right of Grayson regarding Incident Report (+Mummy's Sceptre)
4. Talk to Curator Whitesworth, south of the crime scene.
5. Interact with the Mummy (+Pharoah Tututut)
6. Interact with the Mummy with Incident Report (+Too Clean)
7. Interact with the Professor's corpse (+The Victim)
8. Go back to Grayson and talk to him about Pharoah Tututut (+The Curse…!!!) and The Victim (+Behaviour)
9. Talk to Amber, right of Grayson, about Pharoah Tututut. Woofs-a-lot will run off.
10. Talk to Captain Blues, right of Amber, about The Victim (+Workaholic)
11. Go south of the crime scene, after Woofs-a-lot and talk to him about Pharoah Tututut (+Bandages)
12. Go left to the Professor's room where Tira is in. Interact with the blue book regarding The Victim (+The Diary)
13. Talk to Deam, just outside the room, about The Diary (+The Underground)
14. Talk to San, to the right and near Woofs-a-lot about The Diary (+The Dopplers)
15. Talk to Whitesworth about The Diary (+Fake Robberies)
16. Talk to Amber about Fake Robberies (+Wrong Quantity)
17. Talk to Tira about Fake Robberies (+Manifest)
Once ready, interact with the mummy to move on to the next stage.
~~walkthrough by moshimushi.wordpress.com
Professor Redguard:
Right, but his recent behaviour was more erratic than usual… And the reason for that is…
Dopplers (✓)
But he did come in contact with the Dopplers some way. It is evident from the—
Museum Robberies
Professor's Diary (✓)
The Sceptre
The Mummy
The Bandages
The Paintings
So if the Professor was exposed to the Drug, his emotions were affected as well.. Most specifically, his—
Fear (✓)
Your Archaelogical operation is being used to—
Steal Artifacts
Fund Terrorists
Blackmail the Nobles
Create a Zombie Army
Cover Conspiracies
Smuggle Drugs (✓)
Smuggling Drugs:
you can't remember you gave me the clue yourself Tira. Which was—
A Letter
A Bill
A Receipt
A Coded Message
A Manifest (✓)
A Will
Redguard, If I remember correctly, he warned you about—
The Mummy
Professor's Diary
The Sceptre
Museum Robberies (✓)
The Bandages
The Paintings
Everything becomes clear when you factor in one possibility. Which states that there is—
A Ghost
A Mummy
A Thief
An Elephant in the room
A Hidden Agenda
An Inside Man (✓)
Human Psychology:
Consider yourself to be Guilty of the crime. Now everyone is looking for a suspect. What is it you will first do?
Change the Subject
Act Innocent (✓)
Blame someone else
If everyone is discussing the case, what is the best thing you could do to avoid suspicion without any proof.
Stay Silent (✓)
Blame Someone else
The person who stayed silent from Redguard to being accused of a spy is—
Sir Whitesworth
Captain Blues
Assistant Grayson (✓)
The Mummy
1. Continue to click the barrels Dregg hides in until he escapes the room.
2. Chase after Amber. Enter the only available door. Once the mummy comes out of a door on the other side, enter the door to its right. Once out the door again, enter the center door.
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Credit despite existing credit
If a loan is to be taken despite existing credit, you are usually in a financial or emergency situation. To find the right solution, you should exactly compare the financial income and expenditure. This is the only way to prevent people from becoming hopelessly over-indebted or making wrong decisions. There can be different reasons for the renewed Kreitaufnahme, which make a restructuring necessary. Considering some basic things, a loan can also have benefits for the monthly burden, despite the existing loan.
Credit despite existing credit – reasons
Credit despite existing credit - reasons
Often, real estate is financed with debt capital and costs that are difficult to calculate (such as additional renovations or follow-up costs for the garden design) are underor over-inclusive. If these costs are incurred, it will be necessary to refinance or increase the additional monthly burden. In such cases, one should first negotiate with the bank concerned whether the current loan can be increased by the necessary amount.
If the institution agrees to the increase, there are usually no renewed costs in the form of processing fees. For the higher credit limit, either the monthly installments increase or the term is extended accordingly. However, renegotiations with banks when it comes to credit increases are usually difficult and cost a lot of persuasiveness. The need must be well documented and the additional burden should be on income. In order to avoid these discussions, one should always consider an upholstery before financing for real estate, which can cover any additional costs.
Another reason is urgently needed purchases, which can not be paid at once with the available financial resources. This could be, for example, a car that is essential for daily work or the computer that is needed for school and work. If a loan has to be taken despite the existing loan, you should get various offers. Often companies offer interest-free loans for consumer goods, which are the cheapest solution with the appropriate credit rating. In any case, it is advisable to check whether it is worthwhile to summarize the current loans and to take a slightly higher loan. So only one creditor has to be paid each month, which can mean a lower monthly burden.
Credit despite existing credit – possibilities
Credit despite existing credit - possibilities
Basically, with a positive credit bureau information and corresponding monthly income, it is no problem to take out another loan. However, you should give truthful information and not conceal the existing loans. At the latest, when the credit bureau information is obtained, the lender learns of the current loans, which would seriously damage the credibility.
If you place a renewed loan application with an institution with which you already have contracts, the demand for a pooling of the loans is worthwhile. In most cases, the bank already makes a new offer in its own interest, which includes a longer term. In this way, solvent customers can be tied to the institute, which ensures long-term revenue.
If the situation is hopeless, because there is a negative credit bureau information, there is still the possibility to apply for a loan despite existing credit without credit bureau information. Although this is offered in most cases only up to 3,500 USD and includes a higher interest rate, but can be a solution in very difficult situations.


text:
Massachusetts Licensure Information
NTR has been approved by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts to grant an Initial License (grades 8-12 in English, History, Math and Science - Biology, Chemistry, and Physics) to teacher candidates who have successfully completed our program. It is important to note that a Master's Degree is NOT required to obtain an initial license. All teaching licenses require a candidate to have taken and passed the MTEL Communication and Literacy exam as well as relevant subject exams. You can find out more about Massachusetts licensure and about taking the MTEL (Massachusetts Tests for Educator Licensure) here.
There are four types of teacher licenses currently available in the state:
- Preliminary License - A teacher license issued to a person who holds a bachelor's degree and has passed the Massachusetts Tests for Educator Licensure (MTEL) and met other eligibility requirements.
- Initial License - An educator license issued to a person who has completed a bachelor's degree, passed the Massachusetts Tests for Educator Licensure, completed a professional preparation program approved by the Commissioner (such as NTR), and met other eligibility requirements.
- Professional License - An educator license issued to a person who has met the requirements for an initial license, completed a Performance Assessment Program or an appropriate master's degree program, and met other requirements.
- Temporary License - An educator license issued to a person who holds a valid license or certificate of a type comparable to at least an initial license in Massachusetts from another state or jurisdiction, and who has been employed under such license for a minimum of three years but has not satisfied the Massachusetts testing requirements.


text:
This Activity is meant for Boy Scouts.
Assortment of items that can be stacked, tied, wrapped together to form a sculpture.
Or, poles, sticks, and rope to make a structure.
Divide items up so each patrol has a fair assortment.
- Your Goal is to build a meaningful, interesting sculpture.
- You have up to eight minutes to plan what you are going to create and how you will do it. You may NOT TOUCH the items.
- When you are ready, or when time is up, you will then have 10 minutes to build your sculpture. Once the items are touched, you CAN NOT TALK.
- When the sculptures are finished, you will present your sculpture to the group and explain its deep meaning.
Did you do your part to the best of your abilities?
How did your patrol interact in planning?
How well did your patrol work together?
Was style of leadership was used?


text:
"Every time you turn around and want to get something to eat the only thing you see is one of these greasy joints and fast food restaurants."
"The community right here is all fast food restaurants, you don't have the vegetables and what you're supposed to be eating. You got to go out the neighborhood to get it."
These statements were made by residents on Chicago's South Side, but they could have been uttered by residents from any number of Black neighborhoods across the country. It has long been voiced at the community level that Black neighborhoods have disproportionate densities of fast food restaurants. And research studies have consistently supported these claims.
A 2004 study conducted in New Orleans looked at the relationship between fast food density (the number of restaurants per square mile in shopping areas) and the percentage of Black residents. They also looked at the effect of neighborhood income. Only the percentage of Black residents was related to fast food density, and Black neighborhoods had 6 times as much fast food as White neighborhoods. On the other hand, a study in Atlanta showed that low and high income predominantly Black areas had less access than comparable White areas to restaurants that were not fast food. The fact that this was true for low and high income areas highlights the fact that income is not the driving factor. It is often assumed that if Black neighborhoods have high densities of fast food restaurants, it is because those neighborhoods are lower in income than White neighborhoods, and perhaps fast food companies target lower income customers. But research consistently shows that income is not the only factor. In some studies, race is just as important as income. In others, race is the only important factor.
For example, a study in New York City showed that across the 5 boroughs, fast food was prevalent in commercial areas, such as shopping districts, tourist areas, transportation hubs and central business districts (e.g., Times Square, Port Authority, Penn Station, Wall Street). But in residential neighborhoods, fast food was most prevalent in Black and Latino neighborhoods. In that study, the percentage of Black residents was the strongest predictor of fast food density—income was not related. White and Black areas with comparable incomes did not have the same exposure to fast food, and Black areas that were high in income did not have lower exposure than areas that were lower in income. This suggests that fast food location in NYC is about race, not income.
In Latino and Black South Los Angeles, a study found that 73% of restaurants were limited service, while only 27% were full service. And, compared to predominantly White West Los Angeles, the community had fewer restaurants overall—half as many, in fact. Finally, only 27% of restaurants in South L.A. used healthy food preparation options, compared to 40% in West L.A.. In a study conducted in several U.S. cities, not only was fast food exposure greater in Black neighborhoods, but exposure to fast food was related to greater consumption of fast food and lower probability of consuming a healthy diet. Indeed, several studies have shown that proximity to fast food is related to greater consumption, higher obesity prevalence, and chronic illnesses such as cardiovascular disease.
And, although Black neighborhoods are overabundant in fast food, research also shows that they have less access to supermarkets. It is also worth noting that research also shows Black neighborhoods to have fewer retail stores in general (stores that are not fast food). For example, also in NYC, predominantly Black zip codes had fewer retail stores than White zip codes, and there was less diversity in the types of food service stores. This was true even though Black zip codes had the same amount of retail space and more transit rail than White zip codes. Research at the national level also shows that Black neighborhoods have less retail. Again, the same findings do not emerge for income as for race [10.
Below are a few images to illustrate some key points.
As stated above, Chicago's South Side has a high density of fast food. The first map below shows some of the fast food and liquor stores that are in and around the Grand Boulevard neighborhood. No supermarkets operate in the area—the only places to buy food are from food and liquor stores such as Calumet Food and Liquor. The next set of maps show fast food in Central and East Harlem, compared to the Upper East Side. As can be seen, Harlem has much more fast food, which is what the NYC Department of Health reported in 2007. The last map compares Bedford-Stuyvesant to Park Slope. Again, predominantly Black Bed-stuy has more fast food.These maps show both national chains and smaller chains that sell fried chicken. Many of these smaller chains with fried chicken in their name are pervasive in Black communities, whether it be New York, Newark or Philly.


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The Angola Basin is an ocean basin located to the west of Africa at about 15o S in the south-central Atlantic Ocean. It is demarcated to the north by the Guinea Ridge, south of which lies the Angola Abyssal Plain which is fed by the Congo Canyon, the largest in the eastern Atlantic. This basin has also been known as the Buchanan Deep.
|This article is written at a definitional level only. Authors wishing to expand this entry are inivited to expand the present treatment, which additions will be peer reviewed prior to publication of any expansion.|
- Physical Oceanography Index
- Rhodes W. Fairbridge, editor. The Encyclopedia of Oceanography. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1966.


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The following page has been updated, through her generosity.
Failing / Zimmerman Cemetery
Town of Tonawanda, Erie County, New York
ATKINSON, Willie Ross
BELLINGER, Ada L.
Frederick Bleyle, a veteran of the Civil War was born January 9, 1806, and died August 27, 1890.
Mrs. ( Jane ) John Cherry, born 1791, died February 19, 1860.
- David and Jeremiah Faling's graves are marked by large pillars.
- Jeremiah and David Faling's graves are marked by large pillars.
- The Failing homestead was settled about 1815. Mary Ann,
- Michel Martin, born in France, died January 27, 1898.
- Jacob Wire, born 1772 - died June 21, 1857.
- Adam Zimmerman, the first settler on Delaware Road, born 1786, died August 30, 1839.
- Peter Zimmerman, died December 20, 1854.
- Richard Failing, died August 27, 1868.
- William Zimmerman, born January 14, 1796, died July 31, 1871.
Amid the tidy homes along the east side of Delaware Road at Willowbreeze Road in the Town of Tonawanda sits a most unusual site; the Faling Cemetery, one of the oldest burial grounds in Western New York. According to Town Historian John W. Percy, the Faling and Zimmerman families were among the first to settle along the old Indian trail that would become Delaware Avenue
When Richard Faling's daughter, Mary Ann, died at 6 weeks of age in 1816, his wife conducted the funeral and interred the baby on their property. Additional burials followed during the remaining years of the century. More than 180 years later, time has taken its toll on the small cemetery. Many of the names on the weather-beaten markers are indecipherable, spindly trees nearly outnumber the number of graves, and a black iron fence casts an ominous barrier around the cemetery.
Still, the gravestones of several war heroes, along with a number of distinguished pioneers, are identifiable at the cemetery. A Civil War soldier, Frederick Bleyle, who died in 1890, is buried here, as are four veterans of the War of 1812. Jeremiah and David Faling's graves are marked by large pillars. And a prominent black column marks the grave of former town supervisor Jacob Wire, who died in the 1850s.
Toward the end of the 19th century, Faling Cemetery was a popular burial ground for local residents, Percy said. But in 1901, the plot thickened. With the opening of Elmlawn Cemetery, many families moved their graves to that site and Faling fell into disrepair. Under state law, the Town of Tonawanda is charged with maintaining the cemetery, Percy said. In 1976, as part of the nation's bicentennial, the graveyard was rededicated by the Historical Society
Article in the Sunday "Magazine"
section of the Buffalo News, 1996
Buffalo, New York, author - Brenda Alesii
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From sea urchins in the Atlantic Ocean to bandicoots on the Australian savanna, animals recycle all over the world. Explore how different animals in different habitats use recycled material to build homes, protect themselves, and get food. This fascinating collection of animal facts will teach readers about the importance of recycling and inspire them to take part in prote
Book Summary Nature Recycles--How about You?
|Title||Nature Recycles--How about You?|
|Format||pdf, fb2, mobi, txt|


What Do Yellow, Red, Blue, and Green Lines Mean on the iPhone Weather App or Widget?
Checking the weather has become a relatively easy process since modern smartphones have come into existence. You can now simply open an app and access the weather information of your city or another from anywhere on the planet. iOS 15 makes knowing the weather around much easier to understand and interpret as it not only notifies you about upcoming weather conditions but also gives you a glimpse of what to expect throughout the day in terms of temperature.
If you're wondering why you're using seeing bars colored in yellow, red, blue, or green inside the Weather app, we'll help you understand what they are, what those colors mean individually, and more in the post below.
Why do you see Yellow, Red, Blue, and Green lines on the Weather app/widget?
iOS 15 brings a whole new redesign to the Weather app and the latest update to the service has brought a new visual way to show you the temperature of the place you're in. If you're seeing a bar next to today's weather colored in yellow, red, blue, or green lines, it essentially tells you the temperature range for the day.
Weather app in iOS 15 DB2
You should also be able to see similar bars corresponding to tomorrow's weather info and a few subsequent days by checking out the 10-day weather forecast and the 4×4 Weather widget.
This is a welcome change to iPhone users who can now get an idea of the whole day's forecast instead of just being shown the highest and lowest temperatures for the day.
Weather Widget in iOS 15 DB1
Related: iOS 15: How To Print to PDF on your iPhone and iPad
What does every color mean?
In case you're wondering what is the temperature range for a particular day in your region, you need to first understand what range each of the colors indicated inside the Weather app corresponds to.
 - Dark Blue: Extremely Cold (less than 0°C)
 - Light Blue: Cold (0°C to 15°C)
 - Green: Slightly Cold (15°C to 20°C)
 - Yellow: Slightly Warm(20°C to 25°C)
 - Orange: Warm(25°C to 30°C)
 - Red: Extremely Hot (30°C and above)
An overview of these color codes will also appear when you open a location's Temperature Index. Here's what it looks like:
Why do I see different colors in the same line?
Depending on the weather in your region, you may see a single-colored or multi-colored line adjacent to a particular day inside the weather app.
If you only see a single line, you can expect the temperature range to remain the same throughout the day.
If you see multiple colors in the same bar, then you can expect the temperature to vary significantly between the start and end of the day. When you see multiple colors, they will be stacked in the same manner as they're listed above.
For example, if you live in a moderately warm region but expect rainfall, you may see today's weather show you a line with a combination of Orange/Yellow/Green colors.
Related: iOS 15: How To Drag and Drop Pictures, Files, Texts, Links, and More Between Apps
Why are some colored lines shorter than others?
If you're looking at the temperature range of your region for the next few days, you may notice that some colored lines are longer or shorter than the rest of them. Some lines may cover the whole length of the bar while some will have empty spaces on the left or right sides. Why is that, you ask?
The colored bars do not only show you various temperate ranges but also indicate the minimum and maximum temperatures for a particular day. To help you understand what the weather is going to be like for the upcoming days, the Weather app shows the minimum and maximum temperatures on the left and right sides of the colored bar respectively for the next 10 days.
If a day's minimum temperature matches with the 10-day forecast's minimum value, then its bar will start from the extreme left.
If a day's maximum temperature matches with the 10-day forecast's maximum temperature, then its bar will end on the extreme right side.
For days where the temperature range is shorter than the range expected for the next 10 days, their bars will be shorter.
For example, let's take a look at Copenhagen's 10-day forecast.
As you can see from Today's forecast above, the colored bar changes from green to yellow to orange to indicate the transition from 14°C to 24°C throughout the day. You will also notice that Today's forecast occupies the whole bar leaving no empty space behind. This means the maximum and minimum temperatures for the day are the same as what's expected in the next 10 days.
When you compare today's forecast to that of Thursday, you will notice that the colored bar is shorter than the one shown for today. That's because, the minimum temperature for Thursday is 16°C, which is 2°C higher than today; that's why the temperature bar shift slightly (2/10 portion; since 14-24°C is the total size of the bar) to the right side.
Similarly, Thursday's maximum temperature (21°C) is also lower than the maximum value (24°C) for the 10-day forecast and that's why its temperature bar ends 3 spaces shorter the whole size of the bar.
Depending on the weather in your region, you may see different-sized bars for different days if you're expecting significant changes in the climate.
How do you get it?
The new temperature range bars are available in the Weather app on iOS 15 Developer Beta 2 (DB2) that released last week for iPhones. If you're already on the first Developer beta of iOS 15, you can update your device to DB2 by going to Settings > General > Software Update and then installing the latest version that's available.
The new temperature bars are an exclusive feature on iOS 15 only, so if you're running iOS 14 or an older operating system, you will need to wait till this fall when Apple releases the stable version of iOS 15 to the public.
Where can you see colored temperature bars?
The colored bars that indicate the temperature range for a particular day can be seen in two different ways:
 - Inside the Weather app: You can see the temperature range for today and all subsequent days under the '10-Day Forecast' section when you view a weather card after opening the Weather app.
 - Inside the Weather app's 4×4 widget: Temperature range bars are also available when you use the 'Large' size Weather widget. However, instead of a 10-day forecast, you will only see the colored bars for the next 5 days. You won't see the temperature range in a line for today's forecast as well. Instead, you will be greeted with a periodic layout of estimated temperature for the next few hours.
I'm on iOS 15 beta. Why do I not see this?
If you're already on iOS 15 beta and you're not seeing the new temperature range inside either the Weather app or widget, then it means you're not on the newest version of iOS 15 beta. As we have mentioned above, the colored temperature bars are only visible inside the Weather app if your iPhone is running the latest iOS 15 Developer Beta 2 (DB2) that Apple released last week. You can update your device to the latest beta by going to Settings > General > Software Update.
If you're on iOS 15 DB2 but you're facing issues with the Weather app, you need to accept that you may have run into a bug that's expected from such early developmental updates. You can expect these bugs to be ironed out in future beta releases or when iOS 15 rolls out to the public. If you're facing an issue inside the Weather app, you can open the Feedback app to report it to Apple so they resolve it in the next version.
That's all there is to know about colored lines/bars in the Weather app on iOS 15.
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How to easily encrypt external drives in OS X Mountain Lion
OS X has long let you encrypt external drives, and even your Mac HD. Mountain Lion has actually made it even easier to encrypt external disks with just a few clicks. It's sometimes a good idea to do so on items such as backup disks. This way, if they ever fall into the wrong hands, no one should be able to access your data without the password you have set to decrypt it.
If you aren't sure how to encrypt your data, follow along and we'll show you how.
 1. RIght click on the external disk on your desktop that you'd like to encrypt.
 2. Now click on Encrypt 'disk name'.
 3. You'll now be asked to choose a password that you'll need to gain access to encrypted content. Do not lose this password! If you do, you will not have access to the files on the disk. We suggest writing it down and storing it in a safe place or using an app like 1Password to keep it safe for you. We also recommend generating a password that is over 10 characters long (minimum).
 4. Once you've chosen your password and password hint, now click on Encrypt Disk.
That's all there is to it. Your Mac will now start encrypting the disk that you've chosen. This process could take quite some time depending on how much data you've got stored on it. Right clicking will show you if the disk is still encrypting.
As a side note, anytime you connect this external drive, you'll be asked for the password you set up unless you save it in your Mac keychain. Just be careful not to save this password to any Macs that you don't want to always have access to the drive when connected.


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Visualization of Phytophthora palmivora Infection in Oil Palm Leaflets with Fluorescent Proteins and Cell Viability Markers
- Juan C. Ochoa Mariana Herrera Mó nica Navia Herná n Mauricio Romero
- The Plant Pathology Journal
- 제35권 제1호
- 등재여부 : KCI등재
- 19 - 31 (13 pages)
Bud rot (BR) is the most devastating disease affecting oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) crops in Colombia. Its causal agent, Phytophthora palmivora, initiates the infection in immature oil palm leaflets producing necrotic lesions, followed by colonization of opportunistic necrotrophs, which increases disease damage. To improve the characterization of the disease, we transformed P. palmivora using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT) to include the fluorescent proteins CFPSKL (peroxisomal localization), eGFP and mRFP1 (cytoplasmic localization). The stability of some transformants was confirmed by Southern blot analysis and single zoospore cultures; additionally, virulence and in vitro growth were compared to the wild-type isolate to select transformants with the greatest resemblance to the WT isolate. GFP-tagged P. palmivora was useful to identify all of the infective structures that are commonly formed by hemibiotrophic oomycetes, including apoplastic colonization and haustorium formation. Finally, we detected cell death responses associated with immature oil palm tissues that showed reduced susceptibility to P. palmivora infection, indicating that these tissues could exhibit age-related resistance. The aim of this research is to improve the characterization of the initial disease stages and generate cell biology tools that may be useful for developing methodologies for early identification of oil palm materials resistant or susceptible to BR.
Materials and Methods


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Technology - Science
Live video from the International Space Station includes internal views when the crew is on-duty and Earth views at other times. The video is accompanied by audio of conversations between the crew and Mission Control. This video is only available when the space station is in contact with the ground. During "loss of signal" periods, viewers will see a blue screen. Since the station orbits the Earth once every 90 minutes, it experiences a sunrise or a sunset about every 45 minutes. When the station is in darkness, external camera video may appear black, but can sometimes provide spectacular views of lightning or city lights below.


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Page 1 : Results 1 to 5 on 27
Definition of climate variability and long-term trends in tropical regions is a major element for establishing scenarios for the future evolution of climate and ecosystems in these particularly fragile environments. The Amazon Basin is emblematic of this issue, owing to its key role in Earth's climate and to its tropical rainforest, the most extensive in the world. IRD researchers and their partners 1 have conducted the first analysis of long-term climatic variations over five Amazon Basin countries (Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Colombia and Ecuador). In 40 years, over the basin as a whole a clear decline in precipitation was found. There was an estimated relative decrease of 9% between 1975 and 2003. These studies yielded clues for a better understanding and prediction of variations in the climate upon which the "lung of the Earth" depends.
Leishmaniasis is a frequent health problem for the Chayahuitas, as for other Amazonian communities, particularly in Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador and Colombia. WHO estimates that this disease, in its different forms 1, affects about 12 million people in the world, from America across to Asia, by way of Europe and Africa. Yet it is still a neglected disease 2. The main treatments currently available carry a certain toxicity and require hospital follow-up care. Such services are rare in the endemic areas where indigenous peoples such as the Chayahuitas live.
The Chayahuitas successfully use local medicinal plants as treatments. Aiming to detect the most effective therapeutic agents and explore new ways of controlling leishmaniasis, IRD researchers and their partners 3 studied the Chayahuitas' perception of the disease, then recorded and analysed their healing practices. They found some active plants which could eventually be incorporated in treatment programmes.
In the middle of the night of 29 to 30 September 2009, tremors shook the Earth to the North of the Tonga Islands in the South Pacific. This was a strong submarine earthquake, with a magnitude of 8 on the Richter (1) scale, and it triggered a tsunami, a giant wave which devastated the islands of Tonga and Samoa. In the early hours of 30 September, the wave crashed on to the coasts of Futuna (2), 600 km from the earthquake epicentre. Its force when it hit these islands was the greatest ever previously recorded. An IRD scientist and his research partners (3) measured the impact of this event on the archipelago.
Futuna is located on the circum-Pacific seismic belt, which corresponds to the line of subduction of the various oceanic tectonic plates of the Pacific beneath the Australian, Eurasian and American plates. Futuna lives under the shadow of a strong tsunami hazard. The research should yield an assessment of the danger and lead in the long term to ways of reducing the vulnerability of the archipelago's inhabitants, who are in severe danger owing to their way of life strongly dependent on marine and coastal activities.
Many species manage to coexist in the same ecosystem. How do they do this and share the available resources? Since Darwin and his species theory 150 years ago, ecologists have been seeking to determine the factors favouring diversity in nature. In almost a century of research, the most strongly supported hypothesis has been the niche theory. This model postulates that a species occupies an ecological niche( 1)
of its own, to which it is well adapted. However, a second hypothesis, the neutral theory, with diametrically opposing principles, has come to the fore since the early 2000s. According to this the various species in the ecosystem have equivalent roles.
A population study on marine phytoplankton( 2), led IRD researchers and their partners( 3) to call this dichotomy into question. They put forward a new intermediary model, combining the two main theories, to explain biodiversity and, in the long term, help preserve it.
Over 33 million people in the world are living with HIV, the Aids virus, and 75% of them live in Sub-Saharan Africa. Most of the people ill with the disease on that continent are women. In the Ivory Coast, the West African country most affected by the pandemic, two women are contaminated for every one man. Women are indeed physiologically more vulnerable to a sexually transmitted infection like HIV.
However, in spite of this gender inequality in relation to Aids, far more women than men are taking part in treatment programmes. Is it their concern to protect their children and see them grow up? Are programmes better geared to women? IRD researchers and their partners (1) recently found evidence for a "gender paradox" and are seeking to understand this by examining women's experience with HIV care measures.


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Cubs Disability Awareness Activity Badge
Cubs Disability Awareness Activity Badge
As Scouts we believe in inclusion, which means everyone is welcome and nobody gets left out. Play your part by learning about additional needs and disabilities.
How to earn your badge: Choose one thing to do from each of the four lists.
 1. Disability awareness
 1. Explain what a disability is. What are the different types of disability?
 2. Research a famous person with a disability.
 Make a poster or write about their life and achievements.
 3. Visit a local community building like a library, town hall or cinema. How accessible is it for someone with a disability?
 Write down what you find out.
 4. Show how you could help someone with a disability to make the Cub Promise.
 Think of a different example to the ones in steps 2, 3 or 4.
 2. Physical disability awareness
 1. Find out about two different aids that can assist a disabled person. How do they help? You could find out about things like wheelchairs, computers, rising chairs or adapted cars.
 2. Find out about three ways to make it easier for a wheelchair user to use public places, like shops, parks, hospitals or libraries. How could your meeting place be made better for a wheelchair user?
 3. Make a sandwich using only one hand or draw a picture using only your feet to hold the pen.
 3. Deaf awareness
 1. Learn the alphabet using fingerspelling. Show you understand a word communicated to you using fingerspelling.
 2. Learn a song in Makaton or British Sign Language.
 3. Explain what equipment a deaf person might use in the home. You might look at special features on things like fire alarms, telephones or TVs.
 4. Show how you would approach a deaf person and speak to them so they can lip-read.
 4. Sight awareness
 1. Describe two different ways a blind or visually impaired person can read. You could talk about how they would use computers, Braille or Moon.
 2. Explain what guide dogs for blind people do. How are they trained?
 3. Learn and read your name in Braille.
 4. Show how to approach a blind or visually impaired person. How would you identify yourself?
January 2015.
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