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Learn Go: Variables and Types
In Go, values can be many things. Just to name a few, values can be numbers (like 109), or text wrapped in quotes (like "Hello world"). These values can be written into code as is, and are called literals. They are literally what they say they are.
We can perform arithmetic in Go with literals (or named values, covered in the next exercise) using the following operators:
 - + to add
 - - to subtract
 - * to multiply
 - / to divide
 - % to take the remainder (the modulus operator) between two numbers.
fmt.Println(20 * 3) // Prints: 60 fmt.Println(55.21 / 5) // Prints: 11.042 fmt.Println(9 % 2) // Prints: 1
Imagine the code above as appearing inside the main function body of a Go program. In this snippet, we used the Go programming language as a calculator. We printed out the product of multiplying 20 and 3 (60). We next printed out the quotient of dividing 55.21 by 5 (11.042). We lastly printed out the remainder left over after dividing 9 by 2 (9 divided by 2 has a remainder of 1).
In main.go, add a line that prints out the result of 2235 multiplied by 1231.
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Are you a teacher looking for a fun way to educate your students on other cultures?
Visit _URL_ to learn about requesting a South Asian arts workshop for your class. (If you're not a teacher, quick, tell your teacher friends!)
Started in 2013, the _TAG_ for Youth program by monstrARTity helps teachers fill gaps in South Asian curriculum by providing school children of all backgrounds hands-on workshops in Bollywood and Bhangra dance, Hindi music, ghazal writing, mandala-making, filmmaking and more.
Supported by the Peel District School Board, Halton Catholic District School Board and York Region District School Board, workshops led by professional artists are available virtually to schools in BC and ON and in-person to schools in ON.
- Anti-Racism and Anti-Oppression: South Asian students will see themselves reflected in the curriculum, while creating safe and inclusive space for students of all backgrounds to engage in South Asian culture
- Mental Health: students express themselves, relieve stress and anxiety, and explore their experiences and emotions
- Social Studies: teachers can connect arts education with curriculum regarding traditions, material culture, identity within a multicultural society and human impact on the environment.
- Arts Education: teachers get access to expert resources to expand the students' exposure to classical and contemporary South Asian art forms
The program has reached over 23,000 students to date!

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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6 Simple safety tips every woman should know
Regina Rowley, instructor, speaker and author, is passionate & enthusiastic as she shows women how to tap into their personal power and gain the confidence to defend themselves.
Understand and embrace the facts. You are beautiful. You are worth protecting.
Photo credit: Hero Images/Hero Images/Getty Images
Read and remember these simple and savvy self defense suggestions for the woman in the know.
1. Surprise
It's either your friend or your enemy. An attacker will intend to catch you by surprise. Be prepared and use the element of surprise against the attacker. Fight back. You are strong.
2. Survey
Activate the under-utilized art of using your peripheral vision; see the whole picture. Instead of being lost in tunnel vision, allow your eyes to embrace the horizon as you are out and about.
3. Space
Own it. Be mentally present. By being aware of your space and the ever-changing environment, you are ready to take actions to mitigate risks as they develop.
4. Shelve
Shelve your emotions. Ladies, we are emotional beings and this is what makes us tender and gracious. But there is a time for everything, and survival during an attack may depend on your ability to shelve your emotions, including paralyzing panic. Focus on a factual response vs. an emotional response in order to survive, this will improve your reaction time. Pay attention to the details of who, what, where and how you are going to counter the attack. You are confident.
5. Surveillance
It isn't only for law enforcement. Attackers will utilize static, mobile, and/or technical surveillance as part of their pre-attack plan in order to gain information and choose their target. Since it takes time for an attacker to gain information via surveillance, you have the opportunity to detect him and take preventive measures.
6. SheKnows her strengths
It is common for women to hesitate when under attack. This is effective when disarming a gun. Yet, under other situations a pause could be fatal. Your mental commitment to survival is your first strength. It is imperative you have made this decision prior to an attack. With this decision, you will be proactive by enrolling in reality-based self defense training, learn to utilize improvised weapons and do whatever is necessary to keep yourself and your loved ones safe. Understand and embrace the facts. You are beautiful. You are worth protecting.
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"ricoloop" is a "one-man-jam", exploring the entities of music in communication with himself as a multi-instrumentalist and songwriter!
Rico creates musical compositions using many different instruments and objects, including guitar, bass, keyboard, melodica, harmonica, and glass bottles, along with his voice (singing and mouth percussion, or beat-boxing). He plays and records a segment of music, which then repeats continuously. He can then play another segment of music and layer it on top of the previous one. With each layer the composition becomes more complex. This is a new technique of live-producing, teaching the audience how music is compiled and arranged, and exploring how rhythms and melodies interact. Rico's passion is to convey images and emotions through his music.


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How do I pass through where not Exists in ProductName table.
LOAD *, ResourceID as Value
DROP TABLE ProductNameTemp;
LOAD *, ResourceID_1 as Value_1
DROP TABLE UsersTemp;
Load ProductName, LastUsage, '' as Netbios_Name0, '' as User_Name0, ResourceID
where not Exists(Value, ResourceID_1);
Load ProductName, '01/01/1981' as LastUsage, Netbios_Name0, User_Name0, ResourceID_1 as ResourceID
where not Exists(Value_1, ResourceID);
I am not able to understand what you want to do. As per my understanding first you want to load ProjectName and User tables without any where clause. Then why do you again want to load productName table with where not exist clause.
As per documentation the exist clause syntex is:
exists(field [, expression ] )
Determines whether a specific field value exists in a specified field of the data loaded so far. Field is a name or a string expression evaluating to a field name. The field must exist in the data loaded so far by the script. Expr is an expression evaluating to the field value to look for in the specified field.
Please explain in detail what do you want to do.


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By Damon Crain
The National American Glass Club Bulletin
Spring 2007, Issue 207
As the most dominant and enduring aesthetic influence in American art glass up until the Second World War, to whom did Tiffany pass the torch? An oft cited candidate is the Studio Glass movement, but history did not jump 60 years to the next major innovation. The pivotal mid-point in American glass, the link that binds these two enormous moments is the Blenko Glass Company of West Virginia.
Blenko's cultural impact is far greater than most realize; the company created a huge market for affordable and modern art glass for the middle class. Blenko's important, but largely unknown design innovations include introducing dramatically enlarged scale (1), and bold solid colors with sculptural shapes.
Blenko was to Modernism what Tiffany was to Art Nouveau; the pre-eminent innovator, design leader and market force in the field of American art glass. Of course, the comparison is not entirely symmetrical; Whereas Tiffany can appropriately be called the American Gallé, Blenko owes no such debt of gratitude to another influence. Both men, however, owed much to the great tradition of stained glass windows.
William J. Blenko was born in 1854 in London ; by the age of 13 he began working in a glass factory where he learned glassblowing. He made three unsuccessful attempts at starting a glass company in America ; in 1893, 1909 and 1911. While working in an Ohio glass factory in 1919 he received a job offer from Tiffany (2), however, intent on pursuing his own vision, in 1921 he established the Eureka Art Glass Company (later renamed Blenko) in Milton WV.
Two important innovations set the company on a solid footing early on. The first was Blenko's invention of a new process for producing larger sheets of "antique" glass more quickly. The second was the perfection, in June 1924, of a formula for a Ruby glass whose color would not be affected by re-heating. At this point Blenko had developed nearly 300 color formulas. By 1927, the company was doing well thanks to the combination of a good product and Mr. Blenko's son, Bill's sales expertise.
Signaling the company's success, prestigious projects using Blenko sheet glass around this time included St. Patrick's Cathedral in New York City and the Anglican Cathedral in Liverpool. In 1929 the Depression destroyed the market for stained glass. Bill Blenko's improvised solution was to offer to manufacture tableware for Carbone & Sons, a Boston retailer and importer of fine Italian and Swedish glass. This was a brash move as Blenko had never before made tableware.
Carbone's finest glassware was produced by Giulio Radi of Arte Vetrario Muranese (A.VE.M) with whom Carbone had contracted to reproduce the famous designs of Italian masters like Barovier and MVM Capellin. This was to be a steep learning curve indeed for Blenko.
Trained at the Kosta factory in Sweden where their father was a Master Glassblower, the brothers Louis Miller and Axel Muller were swiftly hired by Blenko from the nearby Huntington Tumbler Co. Without a doubt the two most enduringly important regions of glass production in the 20 th century were Italy and Scandinavia, both noted for their groundbreaking design sensibility and incomparably skilled craftsmanship; and here, in America they converged at Blenko.
Blenko 3625 "web" line vase in Turquoise, designed about
H. 6.5inches; D. 6 inches.
Collection of Nancy Delman Portnoy
Blenko glassware was hot-worked in the traditional off-hand manner, and has remained that way for the company's entire history. With a need to train most workers from scratch, rather than compete with the Italians on technical perfection, Blenko emphasized the importance of their exceptional variety of colors and classical shapes while proudly pointing to minor flaws as evidence of traditional hand-made craftsmanship in an age of mechanization.
Blenko's tableware line of simple classical shapes quickly saved the company from financial ruin, and became their primary product. In 1936, Blenko secured a prestigious contract to become the exclusive manufacturer for Colonial Williamsburg's glass reproductions. For this Blenko had to master more advanced techniques, such as air twist, and perfect and standardize the quality of their product to meet the exacting standards of John Rockefeller Jr., the money behind Williamsburg.
By the mid 1930's Blenko had already earned an enviable reputation and could be found for sale at such leading stores as Macy's in New York, Lazarus in Ohio and Neiman Marcus in Texas, among many others. The company's hard earned self-confidence clearly shows in designs from this period, particularly the "web" line, which demonstrates an early willingness to produce more distinctive wares (Figure 1).
A new Scandinavian influence came to Blenko in 1937, in the form of the Swede Carl Erickson, hired as foreman. Erickson's father and grandfather were both master glassblowers at the Reijmyre factory in Sweden. Beginning at age 14 he worked at the Pairpoint factory for 20 years, then spent 4 years at Libbey. After adding some noteworthy designs to the line marketed as "Swedish Type" and elevating workmanship, Erickson left Blenko in 1942 to start his own company, the highly regarded Erickson Glassworks. His absence was sorely felt, but the war years would put a hold on any new developments.
There is an essential element of timeliness to every great success. In 1947, just after the greatest war the world has known, America was freshly at the zenith of her power and creativity. The middle class was the new dominant market force. Modernism was in glorious full bloom. America was rapt with plastic and free-form aesthetics and bright, bold and unusual colors abound. Enter Blenko, the ideal expression of this new sensibility.
The many new modern homes of the growing middle class needed to be properly appointed and the modern and sculptural work of Blenko fit the bill due to its affordable price and contemporary aesthetic. By now, Blenko had frequent appearances in many prominent national publications like House & Garden and the New York Times, a strong presence in the best stores and trade shows, at the World's Fairs (3) and at museums. Whereas in 1900 the very wealthy were the tastemakers and the driving market force in the arena of decorative objects, in 1950 the pop culture of the middle class dominated. Much as Tiffany had done 50 years earlier, Blenko glass dominated the most important market segment of the time with a new and unique aesthetic.
It is in this context that Blenko transformed from a company that simply made popular tableware to a company at the forefront of design. With its formative years behind it, and recognizing the need to produce new shapes as paramount, Blenko made a pivotal decision and hired its first design director, Winslow Anderson, in 1947. To have a full time design director positioned Blenko at the vanguard in a time when the profession of "designer" was still relatively new.
Though an accomplished ceramicist, prior to coming to Blenko, Anderson's glass experiences was limited to winning a student design competition at Alfred University put on by Steuben Glass. He was heavily influenced by the philosophies of Hans Hoffman, the Bauhaus and Scandinavian design and had the distinct advantage of being steeped in the New York art scene while stationed in Queens during the war. His artwork was exhibited at the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Guggenheim (then the Museum of Non-Objective Art ) alongside the likes of Harry Bertoia and Moholy-Nagy.
Group of Winslow Anderson designs made for Blenko from 1948 to 1953.
(Left to right): Design #910-4 in Chartreuse, 1948, H. 7.5 inches;
design #532 in Sea Green and Chartreuse, 1953, H. 9.75inches;
design #974 in Sea green, 1952, H. 12 inches;
and design #998H in Chartreuse, 1953, H. 9.25inches.
Collection of the author
At Blenko, Anderson was given free reign to develop an entirely new line. The result was a new look defined by minimal, organic and gracefully refined shapes. Anderson also took the important step of introducing a daring new color called "Chartreuse." Despite the disapproval of Blenko's primary sales representative, the color was an unqualified success and so the introduction of dramatic and unusual new colors became a new cornerstone of Blenko's identity (Figure 2).
Mermaid decanter, Blenko design #5732, in Charcoal and Crystal, designed by Wayne Husted, 1957. H 15 inches. Collection of the author.
Anderson's most subtle but important contribution was to gently challenge the requirement that designs be primarily functional. Towards the end of his tenure he created a handful of shapes that clearly were primarily sculptural rather than functional in nature. After aggressive but failed attempts by both Steuben Glass and Raymond Lowey (4), Anderson left for Lenox China in 1952.
Not coincidentally, this period also marked the beginning of Blenko's inclusion into major museum shows, notably the Museum of Modern Art's popular "Good Design" shows. Blenko began frequently appearing in many nationwide museum exhibitions promoting good design.
In 1953, Wayne Husted, Blenko's bold new designer, arrived with a single-minded ferv

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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tiny little" torque (d ). To get the total torque, we need to sum up ALL of the "tiny little" ones (by integrating).
Mass-less Pulleys M1M1 M=0 M2M2 R R T1T1 T2T2 All a mass-less pulley does is change the direction of a force. Mass-less pulleys don't really exist (but make calculations easy )
Mass-ful Pulleys M1M1 M M2M2 R R T1T1 T2T2 The difference in the tensions causes the net torque which forces the pulley to rotate The pulley in this example is modeled as a solid disk (and thus I = ½ MR 2 )
In-Class Example Problem The system below is at rest when the 10 kg mass is released. The pulley is not mass-less, but rather has a mass of 6 kg and a radius of 20 cm. If the surface has a coefficient of friction of 0.2, find the acceleration of the system. A Mr. L original 20 kg 10 kg
20 kg 10 kg FfFf T1T1 m1gm1g F N1 m2gm2g T2T2 T2T2 T1T1 a a
Translational vs. Rotational Motion (revised)
Work & energy in Rotational Motion If no external torques or forces are present, then E b = E a.
Situations with ONLY K T Situations with ONLY K R Rotating Wheel (where the axis of rotation is fixed)
Situation with BOTH K T & K R A Rolling Object (it is rotating and translating at the same time) K due to rotation K due to translation
Situation with BOTH K T & K R & U M1M1 M2M2 M3M3 R h H Zero level Solid Disk
Situation with BOTH K T & K R & U h Find the velocity of the thin hoop (with radius "R") at the bottom. R
Rolling without slipping In order to roll, an object needs to encounter friction, which applies a torque to the object and causes a rotation about its center of mass. If an object does not slip at all while rolling, it is said to undergo PURE rolling motion. For pure rolling motion, These conditions must hold for non-slip rolling.
A closer look at an object that rolls but doesn't slip (part 1) When an object undergoes PURE rotation, every point on the object has the same angular velocity, Therefore, all points that are equidistant from the axis of rotation have the same tangential velocity. v t = R v = 0
A closer look at an object that rolls but doesn't slip (part 2) When an object undergoes PURE translation (which is the equivalent of ALL slip and NO roll), every point on the object has the same velocity, namely the velocity of the center of mass. v CM
A closer look at an object that rolls but doesn't slip (part 3) When an object undergoes PURE Rolling, this is a combination of both ROTATION and TRANSLATION. While every point on the object has the same angular velocity, the contact point with the floor acts as a pivot point. Thus, points on the rotating object that are furthest from the floor have the largest tangential velocity.. v t = v CM + R v CM v CM v = 0


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The history of an obsession that once shaped the world...
In the ancient Egyptian temple of Dayr al-Bahri is preserved the earliest surviving representation of a merchant fleet. Date to around 1495 BC, rows of hieroglyphs record that the pharaoh Queen Hatshepsut sent the fleet 1900 miles south to the land of Punt, a mysterious kingdom somewhere in the Horn of Africa, whence it returned in triumph with a priceless cargo of cinnamon. Yet cinnamon never grew there; it comes from the islands of Southeast Asia. The scarcely credible conclusion is that by 1500 BC there was a trade in cinnamon from one side of the Indian Ocean to the other. At some unknown place, the long-forgotten merchants of Punt acquired the spice, and then resold it for the use of the embalmers, cosmeticians, priests, gods and god-kings of the Nile.
These hints of an ancient trade in spices are only the first, tantalisingly obscure fragments of an epic story. For the sake of spices, fortunes have been made, empires built and destroyed, and new worlds discovered. In the seventeenth century more people died for the sake of cloves than in all the European dynastic wars of the period. Perhaps only the story of mankind's infatuation with precious metals can rival the story of spice in scope; and only the history of silver and gold rivals that of spice for its improbable and extraordinary combination of discovery and conquest, heroism and savagery, greed and violence.
The history of spice encompasses all the old civilisations and the new, from the lands of the Old Testament to the Spice Islands themselves. This is Jack Turner's first work, but the ambition and brilliance and lucidity of his writing surely mark him out as a new star in the historical firmament. This will be a remarkable book.
- Publication Date:
- 29 / 09 / 2004
- 153 x 234mm


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The hybrid striped bass, or "wiper," is an artificial cross between a striped bass (Morone saxatilis) and a white bass (Morone chrysops). Hybridization of these two species does not occur naturally. Therefore, hybrid striped bass must be cultured in a fish hatchery situation. Like its parents, the hybrid frequents the open water portions of a lake, feeding almost exclusively on gizzard shad or other pelagic fishes. Hybrids are more tolerant of warmer water and lower dissolved oxygen than striped bass. For these reasons, they can be stocked into a wider variety of waters than striped bass. Indiana's hybrid striped bass stocking program began in an effort to help utilized overabundant shad populations and to create additional fishing opportunities in many of the state's reservoirs.
The hybrid striped bass appearance is a mixture of white bass and striped bass characteristics. Hybrid have a steamlined body with a bluish-black back, silver sides and a white belly. The horizontal lines are usually broken, often forming a "W" pattern above the lateral line. Like striped bass, hybrids have two parallel tooth patches on the center of their tongue. White bass have just one. Hybrids usually weigh 5 to 10 pounds but can be as large as 20 pounds.
Indiana's hybrid striped bass stocking program began in 1983. Since then, hybrids have been stocked into nine impoundments throughout the state. Successful populations were established at six of those lakes totaling 19,548 acres. These include Lake Freeman, Lake Shafer, and Mississenewa Reservoir in northern Indiana, Eagle Creek Reservoir and Cagle's Mill Reservoir in central Indiana, and Monroe Reservoir in Southern Indiana. In addition, hybrid striped bass populations have been established in the Tippecanoe River with fish emigrating from Freeman and Shafer lakes. Hybrid have also been reported in the White, Wabash and Ohio rivers and several of their tributaries.
Hybrid striped bass, like many hybrids, experience great difficulty reproducing naturally. Eggs and sperm produced by hybrids are usually weak or improperly formed. The same is true of any fry that might be produced by chance fertilization. For this reason, hybrids are considered "functionally sterile," and their populations are totally dependant on repeated stockings. Fish hatcheries in Texas have supplied a majority of Indiana's hybrid striped bass since the stocking program began in 1983. East Fork State Fish Hatchery, located near Washington, Indiana, began producing hybrids from striped bass and white bass collected from in-state fish in 1986. East Fork now provides most of the hybrids used in Indiana.
Hybrids may be found in a variety of habitats. In some lakes they may prefer fairly flat, shallow, sandy areas. In other lakes, typically the larger reservoirs, they may prefer the more rocky habitats located directly above or below the dams. Best fishing for hybrid striped bass occurs just after sundown or in the early morning just before sunrise. They are caught primarily on artificial baits which resemble gizzard shad. Imitation shad that rattle have proven to be successful at many lakes. In addition, many anglers have been successful using live bait such as night crawlers or soft craws.
Hybrid striped bass have been included with white bass under a combined daily catch limit of 12 fish, single or in aggregate. No more than two of these fish may exceed 17 inches in length. The reason for the combined bag limit is that white bass, when small, are very prolific fish which seldom exceed 17 inches in length and are found in a number of Indiana reservoirs. A small catch limit would unnecessarily restrict harvest of these fish and be unfair to white bass anglers. However, fish larger than 17 inches are probably hybrid striped bass, so harvest of this size fish is limited to two per day. Biologists feel that the combined regulation will allow harvest of white bass and small hybrid stripers, while promoting the trophy fishing concept for larger hybrids.


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The US-based Agricultural Research Services has devised a method of detecting fecal bacteria in fresh produce, which it claimed could reduce the chances of contamination to zero.
Yud-Ren Chen, an agricultural engineer with the Agricultural Research Service's Instrumentation and Sensing Laboratory in Beltsville, Maryland, is leading a group to develop "machine-vision" systems to detect contaminationthe human eye cannot see. The system is aimed at preventing Escherichia coli O157:H7 from tainting apple cider and juices made from apples and other fruits. This particular strain of E. coli infects people who drink contaminated, unpasteurised cider or juices.
Chen is starting with apples, but he expects the system to work with all fruits and fresh produce. His on-line system will eventually direct a camera to take three spectral images of each apple through different colour filters. A computer would then analyse the spectral images to detect the telltale signatures of fecal contamination or fly specks, as well as of fungi, rot or other diseases.
One of Chen's team members, biophysicist Moon Kim, brought his expertise in remote sensing of vegetation to ARS from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. To detect fecal contamination, he is sensing photosynthetic pigments from plants, a turnaround from sensors aboard airplanes or satellites.
Apple packinghouses currently have automated ways of sorting for sizes and colours. When Chen's system is commercialised, it would likely be merged withthose sorting systems, as well as with others in the pipeline.
ARS is the US Department of Agriculture's chief scientific research agency.


I have tried this problem and don't know where to go:
Show that the area of the Babylonian bullseye is given by A=9/32a^2, where a is the length of the arc (1/3 circumference) also the length of the long transversal of the bull's eye is 7/8a and the the short transversal is 1/2a.
Also known: area of circle = C^2/12, 7/4 = sq root of 3.
Help please!


Keeping you current
Elephants Identify Dangerous People by Their Gender, Their Clothes And Even the Language They Speak
Wild Kenyan elephant have learned to identify Maasai men as dangerous threats
(Photo: William Warby)
There's an abundance of scientific evidence that elephants are whip-smart, feeling creatures, who form complex social networks and who can feel distress (and perhaps even empathy). And researchers recently found that wild elephants are using their intelligence to recognize dangerous humans based on a very specific set of characteristics: gender, smell, clothing and even the langauge they speak.
In Kenya, Maasai men occasionally hunt elephants in retaliation for wounding or killing humans or for raiding crops. Elephants have caught on to this fact. Previous studies, National Geographic reports, have shown that elephants recognize and respond to the Maasai by their bright red robes, while they tend to ignore the brown-clothed Kamba, another ethnic group in the region. If they see a red cloth, the elephants tend to become angry; if they catch the scenet of a Maasai man, they flee the scene.
Most recently, researchers played recordings of various people talking—Maasai men, women and younger boys, and Kamba men—to see how elephants who heard those voices would react. The phrases the people used weren't aggressive, just things like, "Look, an elephant!" NatGeo:
Over a two-year period, they carried out 142 such playbacks with 47 elephant families, each time playing a different human voice through a concealed speaker placed 50 meters (164 feet) from the animals. They video-recorded the elephants' reactions to the various human voices, including a Maasai man's voice they altered to sound like a woman's.
The elephants' ears are fine-tuned for danger, it turns out. When the Maasai man—and only the Maasai man—spoke, the animals would silently retreat, NatGeo reports. They got a bit defensive when they heard the Kamba man speak, but their reaction was not nearly as extreme as the one elicited by the Maasai man.
As NatGeo points out, unfortunately for elephants, they probably have not had enough time to learn that such a response would also serve them well for avoiding encounters with ivory poachers, who are oftentimes foreigners to the area
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Writes only the starting XML element to an XML document or stream.
This member is overloaded. For complete information about this member, including syntax, usage, and examples, click a name in the overload list.
|WriteStartObject(XmlDictionaryWriter, Object)||Writes the start of the object's data as an opening XML element using the specified XmlDictionaryWriter.|
|WriteStartObject(XmlWriter, Object)||Writes the start of the object's data as an opening XML element using the specified XmlWriter.|
The, WriteObjectContent, and WriteEndObject methods must be implemented. The three methods are used in succession to write the complete serialization using the pattern: write start, write content, and write end. If the implementation writes using XML elements, attributes can be inserted before writing the contents of the object. The three methods are also called by the virtual implementation of the WriteObject method.


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Malawi has experienced modest economic growth over the last decade and a half. However, agricultural growth has been particularly erratic, and while the incidence of poverty has declined, it still remains high. The Malawian government, within the framework of the Agricultural Development Plan (ADP), is in the process of implementing the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP), which provides an integrated framework of development priorities aimed at restoring agricultural growth, rural development and food security. This paper analyzes agricultural growth and investment options that can support the development of a comprehensive agricultural development strategy consistent with the principles and objectives of the CAADP, which include achieving six percent agricultural growth and allocating at least ten percent of budgetary resources to the sector.
Economic modeling results indicate that it is possible for Malawi to reach the CAADP target of six percent agricultural growth. However, achievement of these goals will require additional growth in most crops and agricultural sub-sectors, meaning that Malawi cannot rely solely on growth in maize or tobacco to reach this growth target. Broader-based agricultural growth, including growth in pulses and horticultural crops, will be important if this target is to be achieved. So, too, is meeting the Maputo declaration of spending at least ten percent of the government's total budget on agriculture. In fact, even under a more optimistic and efficient spending scenario, the Government of Malawi must increase its spending on agriculture in real value terms by about 20 percent per year between 2006 and 2015, and account for at least 24 percent of its total expenditure by 2015 if the CAADP goals are to be met.
Although agriculture has strong linkages to the rest of the economy, with agricultural growth typically resulting in substantial overall growth in the economy and rising incomes in rural and urban areas, simply achieving the CAADP target of six percent will not be sufficient to halve poverty by 2015, i.e. achieving the first Millennium Development Goal (MDG1). To achieve this more ambitious target, agriculture and non-agriculture would need an average annual growth rate above seven percent. This growth requirement is substantial, as is the associated resource requirements, indicating that the MDG1 target may be beyond reach. However, achieving the CAADP target should remain a priority, as this goal has more reasonable growth and expenditure requirements, and will substantially reduce the number of people living below the poverty line by 2015 and significantly improve the well-being of both rural and urban households.


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Welcome to the Horizontal Issues Knowledge Centre!
Here you will be able to find regularly updated database of theoretical and practical materials & resources on Horizontal Issues for service provision to people with disabilities, such as :
- Policy and Legislation
- Quality of Services
- Funding of Services
- Users' involvement and Co-production
You'll also be able to find information related to several EASPD projects. At the moment, the projects available are:
You can also filter the glossary accessing the following categories of information:
Special | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | ALL
Venture Philanthropy in Development - Dynamics, challenges and lessons in the search for greater impact
This report reviews the experience of members of the OECD Global Network of Foundations Working for Development (netFWD). It seeks to distil and disseminate the rationale, organisational implications and perceived benefits of the changes some foundations have undertaken.
Vona du Toit Model of Creative Ability
The Vona du Toit Model of Creative Ability is a model with a developmental frame of reference combined with existentialism, phenomenology and motivation theory. The central belief is that motivation governs action and action is the manifestation or expression of motivation. Motivation and action are inextricably linked, and therefore one can identify an individual's motivation by observing the person's action.


TEDx Indianapolis
The inaugural TEDx Indianapolis event features a variety of national and local thinkers giving scintillating talks related to the theme Design Learning: What does learning look like in the future? What frameworks can design thinking offer for solving our greatest challenges? How do we trigger and harness the energy from the collision of disciplines? If the mind is a muscle, how does technology shape it? How do we prepare 21st century citizens to design game-changing solutions and forge unlikely innovations?
Presented by the International School of Indiana, Big Car, and the Indianapolis Museum of Art.
Sign up for event-related alerts.
This event is sold out.
Indianapolis Museum of Art 4000 Michigan Rd., Indianapolis, IN


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A lot of 'performance tests' are posted online lately. Many times these performance tests are implemented and executed in a way that completely ignores the inner workings of the Java VM. In this post you can find some basic knowledge to improve your performance testing. Remember, I am not a professional performance tester, so put your tips in the comments!
For example, some days ago a 'performance test' on while loops, iterators and for loops was posted. This test is wrong and inaccurate. I will use this test as an example, but there are many other tests that suffer from the same problems.
So, let's execute this test for the first time. It tests the relative performance on some loop constructs on the Java VM. The first results:
Iterator – Elapsed time in milliseconds: 78
For – Elapsed time in milliseconds: 28
While – Elapsed time in milliseconds: 30
Allright, looks interesting. Let's change the test a bit. When I reshuffle the code, putting the Iterator test at the end, I get:
For – Elapsed time in milliseconds: 37
While – Elapsed time in milliseconds: 28
Iterator – Elapsed time in milliseconds: 30
Hey, suddenly the For loop is the slowest! That's weird!
So, when I run the test again, the results should be the same, right?
For – Elapsed time in milliseconds: 37
While – Elapsed time in milliseconds: 32
Iterator – Elapsed time in milliseconds: 33
And now the While loop is a lot slower! Why is that?
Getting valid test results is not that easy!
The example above shows that obtaining valid test results can be hard. You have to know something about the Java VM to get more accurate numbers, and you have to prepare a good test environment.
Some tips and tricks
- Quit all other applications. It is a no-brainer, but many people are testing with their systems loaded with music players, RSS-feed readers and word processors still active. Background processes can reduce the amount of resources available to your program in an unpredictable way. For example, when you have a limited amount of memory available, your system may start swapping memory content to disk. This will have not only a negative effect on your test results, it also makes these results non-reproducible.
- Use a dedicated system. Even better than testing on your developer system is to use a dedicated testing system. Do a clean install of the operating system and the minimum amount of tools needed. Make sure the system stays as clean as possible. If you make an image of the system you can restore it in a previous known state.
- Repeat your tests. A single test result is worthless without knowing if it is accurate (as you have seen in the example above). Therefore, to draw any conclusions from a test, repeat it and use the average result. When the numbers of the test vary too much from run to run, your test is wrong. Something in your test is not predictable or consistent. Try to fix your test first.
- Investigate memory usage. If your code under test is memory intensive, the amount of available memory will have a large impact on your test results. Increase the amount of memory available. Buy new memory, fix your program under test.
- Investigate CPU usage. If your code under test is CPU intensive, try to determine which part of your test uses the most CPU time. If the CPU graphs are fluctuating much, try to determine the root cause. For example Garbage Collection, thread-locking or dependencies on external systems can have a big impact.
- Investigate dependencies on external systems. If your application does not seem to be CPU-bound or memory intensive, try looking into thread-locking or dependencies on external systems (network connections, database servers, etcetera)
- Thread-locking can have a big impact, to the extent that running your test on multiple cores will decrease performance. Threads that are waiting on each other are really bad for performance.
The Java HotSpot compiler
The Java HotSpot compiler kicks in when it sees a 'hot spot' in your code. It is therefore quite common that your code will run faster over time! So, you should adapt your testing methods.
The HotSpot compiler compiles in the background, eating away CPU cycles. So when the compiler is busy, your program is temporarily slower. But after compiling some hot spots, your program will suddenly run faster!
When you make a graph of the througput of your application over time, you can see when the HotSpot compiler is active:
Througput of a running application over time
The warm up period shows the time the HotSpot compiler needs to get your application up to speed.
Do not draw conclusions from the performance statistics during the warm up time!
- Execute your test, measure the throughput until it stabilizes. The statistics you get during the warm up time should be discarded.
- Make sure you know how long the warm up time is for your test scenario. We use a warm up time of 10-15 minutes, which is enough for our needs. But test this yourself! It takes time for the JVM to detect the hot spots and compile the running code.
From Dries Buytaert I received a link to a paper called Statistically rigorous Java performance evaluation. I highly recommend reading it when you want to know more about measuring Java performance.
Remember, I am not a professional performance tester, so put your tips in the comments!


Tobin-Tax and its Relevance for Financial Markets. Modelling a Scenario including the Transaction Tax in Financial Markets
Master's Thesis, 2017
39 Pages, Grade: 1,7
Table of Contents
2.3.1.lmplication and resulting Dynamics ofa Transaction Tax in Market 1
2.3.2.lmplication and resulting Dynamics ofa Transaction Tax in two relevant Markets
2.4. BRIEF Outline of Market Liquidity and Comparison of both Markets regarding their Liquidity
2.4.1. Market 1 showing a high Level of Market Liguidity before a Tax Imposition
2.4.2. Market 2 showing a low Level of Market Liguidity before a Tax Imposition
2.4.3. Comparison of both Markets after a Tax Imposition
2.4.4. The Enforcement ofa Financial Transaction Tax in Reality
1. Definition and Explanation ofthe Tobin-Tax and its Relevance for Financial Markets
„Finanzakteure müssen durch die Finanztransaktionssteuer zur Verantwortung gezogen werden" (Financial agents must be held accountable by the financial transaction tax) Referring to this quote by Angela Merkel (Neuhaus, 2014), and connecting it to the severe financial shocks the world economy had to recover from several times in the past 40 years, it becomes clear that financial agents sometimes might be responsible for economic disasters that potentiallycould have been prevented by stricterfinancial regulations.
The most recent occurrence of such a disaster was the world financial crisis that began in 2007 in the United States of America as a mortgage crisis and, by destabilizing financial markets all over the world, evolved into a debt crisis. The massive aftermaths can still be seen in countries such as Greece and Portugal (Ozturk, 2014). One thing economic analysts agree on is that there are various reasons that, in combination, created this economic mess. In fact, the financial meltdown was not inevitable contrary to the position of Ben Bernanke [former president of the Federal Reserve], who claimed the crisis as a chain reaction of unfortunate events and unpredictable events (Mildner, 2012). It was rather caused by human actions as well as by grave failures of the government and financial supervision (Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission, 2011). Besides, large capital inflows from countries like China allowed American banks to irresponsibly grant loans in an extraordinary manner. The focus also shifts to the authorities overseeing the deregulation of financial markets and therefore fuelling the already existing housing bubble (Mildner, 2012). Another contribution to the financial crisis was the possibility that companies could choose their regulation institution regarding their level of supervision which predominantly ended with the one having the weakest regulations (Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission, 2011). These poor regulations stress the trading process (sale/ purchase) of each financial product (credit default swaps - CDS - in that case) for many financial institutions without any boundaries regarding the speed of trading. The extensive system of CDSs will not be elucidated in the following due to the limited scope of this thesis, instead focus will be laid on the trading speed of financial products (Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission, 2011). According to Westerhoff (2004), short-term trading (speculative behaviour) destabilizes financial markets and effort should be made to shift incentives from mentioned high-frequency trading to long-run investments that supposedly have stabilizing effects on financial markets. One solution to mitigate this destabilizing behaviour of financial agents and a principle which has been under debate for several years is the introduction of a transaction tax (Effenberger, 2001). The basic concept of transaction taxes goes back to the American economist James Tobin who, in 1978, proposed a taxation of financial transactions particularly in foreign exchange markets (Menkhoff, 1995). Tobin's reason behind a tax burden on trading currencies was to alleviate the enormous volatility [V] generated by speculating on currency exchange rates. Thus, by taxing every currency exchange with 0.1 percent of the amount traded, the incentives of short-run currency trades should be eliminated (The Telegraph, 2009). Even though, the Tobin tax was supposed to reduce speculation regarding currency trades, it can potentially be applied to every kind of financial trade such as on stocks and derivatives. In this case, one refers to it as a financial transaction tax (Haq et al., 1996; Spiegel Online, 2016). Based on the concept of Tobin, the tax will be imposed on every kind of trade and also to every kind of trader. Not only short-term oriented traders will be affected by the introduction of a transaction tax but also long-term oriented traders. In general, short-run oriented, destabilizing traders will be pushed out ofthe markets due to increased costs of trading on a high-frequent level and a fiscal revenue will be gained in addition (Westerhoff, 2003a). This particular effect will be scrutinized in the course of the following thesis. Furthermore, it comes to mind that taxation affects trade in a negative way and that the price building process usually should not be interfered with externally. Defenders of the transaction tax however state that if the percentage with which trades should be taxed is chosen correctly, stability in the relevant market will be improved (Westerhoff, 2003a). Regarding the external interference into the price building process, it can be assumed that if one compares it [the transaction tax] to other financial reform proposals connected to this topic, the level of interfering is by far not as high as one might expect (Menkhoff, 1995). So far, the introduction of a transaction tax might sound reasonable to governments and financial supervisors, but its implementation is a complex process. One factor that hinders the agreement on a transaction tax is the fear of losing national or international competitiveness. Another one is represented by the difficulties in technical execution. (Spiegel Online, 2016; Spahn, 1996). After this brief introduction it becomes clear that the realization of a financial transaction tax would predominantly serve the goal of preventing future financial crises by reducing instability in financial markets (high volatility).
In the following thesis, the author will first set up a model displaying a financial market with two heterogeneous agents to explain to what extent their trading behaviours have an impact on the stability of the relevant market.
In a second step, the model will be extended to two relevant markets the agents can choose to trade in and the effects of an application of a transaction tax will be depicted. Due to the fact that the reaction of financial markets to a tax introduction depends on various factors the main goal of this work will be to test to what extent the market liquidity in combination with an imposed transaction tax has an impact on the price adjustment process across several periods. For this reason, the set-up model will be programmed in'mathematica' where after the output will be interpreted. Furthermore, a possible influence of upcoming political events will be elucidated briefly before the results of the main question are stated and discussed. To represent a succinct perspective there will be a brief analysis about the odds of a tax introduction and a mentioning of possible further research.
2. Modelling a Scenario including theTransaction Tax in Financial Markets
In the upcoming section, the basic financial market model will be set up and explained in detail. The overall aim of the model is to show a set of stylized facts that are common to financial markets and therefore, a suitable tool to represent financial markets in a realistic way. According to Schmitt/Westerhoff (2013), excess volatility, returns that are not normally distributed (i.e. fat tails), bubbles and crashes, uncorrelated returns and volatility clustering can be understood as these stylized facts. The model aims to present the interaction of two types of traders - Chartists and Fundamentalists - whose strategies will be depicted later on. After explicating the dynamics of the basic model, a transaction tax will be introduced into the setup followed by a detailed analysis of its effects on market dynamics. The impact of a possible tax introduction on market liquidity and the resulting price adjustment processes will be exemplified afterwards.
2.1. Introduction of the Model including two heterogeneous Agents
For reasons of simplicity, the following model will first deal with a hypothetical financial market in which agents (also named traders) are able to freely perform speculative actions regarding their price development expectations (Westerhoff, 2003a). According to a study by Menkhoff (1997), there are two types of professional traders following two different set of rules regarding their trading strategies. Both kind of traders are considered to be bounded rational. Following Simon (1955), the available information is incomplete and agents in general are not capable of processing it perfectly. This can be further applied to financial agents as well. On the one hand, there are Chartists who give their orders following a technical analysis [named positive feedback trading (Westerhoff, 2003a)], meaning that they form their orders by relying on price trends from the past. More precisely, they [Chartists] expect prices to reflect all information needed to predict future price trends (Murphy, 1999). In general, technical traders expect the price of an asset to follow a certain trend and try to extrapolate future price developments from past trends. In other words, agents following technical trading rules buy the asset if the price has been increasing in the past because they expect a further rise. Vice versa they [Chartists] sell the


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Funeral. Supporters raise their fists in salute as the coffin passes by. EFE
Looking back at the life of Santiago Carrillo is like summing up 20th century Spanish history. The former Communist party leader played a vital role in the Civil War, the fight against the dictatorship and in the transition to democracy. His 97 eventful years came to a peaceful end on Tuesday while he was having his afternoon nap.
Carrillo's health had been delicate for several months and his family reported that he had been very tired. What does seem to be clear is that it wasn't smoking that killed him, despite being rarely ever seen without a cigarette in his hand.
Politicians of all ranks and colours reacted to the news of Carrillo's death full of praise for the important role he played in Spain's most important moments of the last century. King Juan Carlos and Queen Sofía were among the many who travelled to the family home to pay their respects to Carrillo's widow and three children.
Santiago Carrillo was one of the four men who steered Spain safely through the transition, along with Manuel Fraga, who died in January, Felipe González and Adolfo Suárez.
The controversy surrounding Carrillo's role in the Civil War was a burden he was to bear for the rest of his life, mainly due to accusations that he was responsible for the shooting of several thousand Francoist prisoners while he was responsible for the Republican defence of Madrid.
After the war he went into exile, and ended up settling in Paris. In the 60s he became Secretary General of the Spanish Communist Party (PCE) and steered his views away from the Soviet ideals to the democratic communism that was growing up in Europe. On his return to Spain in 1976 he renounced the Republican flag, accepted the Crown and played an active role in the transition against the views of many fellow party members.
The Communist Party was legalised that same year although it suffered in the following elections. In 1982 Carrillo was replaced as party leader and three years later he was expelled from the PCE. Since then however he has never been out of the public eye, through books, lectures and appearances in the media.
He ended his days considering himself a Communist and a Republican, but with special recognition for the monarchy because in Spain this "offered the same rights as a republic".
"If I was born again I wouldn't change a thing", he said in one of his most recent public appearances. Cigarette in hand, peering through his thick glasses, he declared that his conscience was clear and that he was "satisfied with my life".


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INSTITUTO ARGENTINO DE MATEMATICA ALBERTO CALDERON
Unidad Ejecutora - UE
The compatible Grassmannian
ESTEBAN ANDRUCHOW; EDUARDO CHIUMIENTO; MARÍA EUGENIA DI IORIO Y LUCERO
DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY AND ITS APPLICATIONS
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
Lugar: Amsterdam; Año: 2014 vol. 32 p. 1 - 1
Let $A$ be a positive injective operator in a Hilbert space $(h,<, cdot,,, cdot, >)$, and denote by $[, cdot,,, cdot, ]$ the inner product defined by $A$: $[f,g]=$. A closed subspace $s subset h$ is called $A$-compatible if there exists a closed complement for $s$, which is orthogonal to $s$ with respect to the inner product $[, cdot,,, cdot, ]$. Equivalently, if there exists a necessarily unique bounded idempotent operator $Q_s$ such that $R(Q_s)=s$, which is symmetric for this inner product. The compatible Grassmannian $Gr_A$ is the set of all $A$-compatible subspaces of $h$. By parametrizing it via the one to one correspondence $sleftrightarrow Q_s$, this set is shown to be a differentiable submanifold of the Banach space of all bounded operators in $h$ which are symmetric with respect to the form $[, cdot,,, cdot, ]$. A Banach-Lie group acts naturally on the compatible Grassmannian, the group of all invertible operators in $h$ which preserve the form $[, cdot,,, cdot, ]$. Each connected component in $Gr_A$ of a compatible subspace $s$ of finite dimension, turns out to be a symplectic leaf in a Banach Lie-Poisson space. For $1le p le infty$, in the presence of a fixed $[, cdot,,, cdot, ]$-orthogonal (direct sum) decomposition of $h$, $h=s_0 + _0$, we study the restricted compatible Grassmannian (an analogue of the restricted, or Sato Grassmannian). This restricted compatible Grassmannian is shown to be a submanifold of the Banach space of $p$-Schatten operators which are symmetric for the form $[, cdot,,, cdot, ]$. It carries the locally transitive action of the Banach-Lie group of invertible operators which preserve $[, cdot,,, cdot, ]$, and are of the form $G=1+K$, with $K$ in the $p$-Schatten class. The connected components of this restricted Grassmannian are characterized by means of of the Fredholm index of pairs of projections. Finsler metrics which are isometric for the group actions are introduced for both compatible Grassmannians, and minimality results for curves are proved.


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Veteran physical educator Bev Davison knows how to get the biggest bang for her buck. In Creative Physical Activities and Equipment, she shares her secrets of how to expand a physical education or recreation program without exceeding the budget.
Davison's practical, ready-to-use strategies help you make the most of your budget, no matter how big or small. But the ideas in this book aren't just easy on the wallet; more equipment means less down time and more opportunities for children to participate and learn.
First, you'll discover how to make equipment using inexpensive, readily available materials and even trash! Need some pinnies? Grab a pair of scissors and some old towels and start creating! Are old dryer sheets accumulating in the laundry room? Turn them into juggling scarves! All of the equipment is easy to assemble-no mechanical skill is needed. In addition, the book describes dozens of unique games and activities that use this equipment to teach important skills.
Next, the book explains how to use traditional equipment-such as Frisbees and jump ropes-in nontraditional ways and how to extend the life of old or broken equipment, including flat tennis balls and broken badminton racquets. You'll also learn the art of obtaining free equipment. The book provides information on equipment that's free for the asking, items that can be obtained by collecting proofs of purchase, and general budget-stretching ideas.
Finally, since some equipment can be quite expensive, fundraising is an occasional necessity. Proving that fundraising does not have to be time-consuming and painful, the book presents ideas for 15 refreshingly creative fundraisers that are easy to organize and execute. Many of them don't require solicitation by students, which means greater parental support and participation.
A resource no physical education or recreation program should be without, Creative Physical Activities and Equipment can pay for itself after just one use!
Chapter 1. Making Equipment
Bean Bag Targets • Plastic Bottle Equipment • Streamers • Hockey Pucks, Sticks, and Goals • Pinnies • Football T-Stands • Bases • Whistle Holder • Time-Out Timer
Chapter 2. From Trash to Treasure
Old Panty Hose • Old Socks • Old Newspapers • Old Soda Bottles • Packing Peanuts • Old Coffee Cans • Old Dryer Sheets • M & M Minis Plastic Tube Containers • Empty Adding Machine Paper Rolls • Garden Hose • Empty Paper Towel Rolls • Cardboard Boxes • Plastic Trash Bags
Chapter 3. Same Old Stuff
Frisbees • Rubber Gloves • Jump Ropes • Stilts • Parachute • Folding Mats
Chapter 4. Don't Throw It Out Just Because It's Broken!
Beaded Jump Ropes • Popped Balls • Broken Badminton Racquets • Sound Paddles and Beach Balls • Broken Hula Hoops • Old Pinnies or Jerseys • Stick-a-Ball Paddles • Flat Tennis Balls • Old Racquetballs • Old Miscellaneous Equipment and Balls
Chapter 5. Acquiring Free Equipment
Section 1. Absolutely Free Equipment
Carpet Squares • Stuffed Animals • Balloons • Bowling Pins • Golf Tubes • Toilet Paper • Jar Openers • Plastic Buckets • Paper Plates • Feed Bags • Old Tires • Old Brooms • Plastic Drinking Straws • Old Bicycle Tires • Popcorn Buckets
Section 2. Equipment to Acquire by Collecting Proofs of Purchase
Campbell's Labels for Education • Power of Purchasing Program • Boxtops for Education • Little Debbie Points to Education Program • Kids in Gear Program by Fuji • Other Programs That May Be Available
Section 2. Fundraisers That Are a Little Painful
Show in the Gym • Valentine Serenade • Dog Wash • Teacher of the Year: Students' Choice • Birthday Cupcakes • School Dance • Grants • Powderpuff Football
Index of Games
About the Author
Reference for elementary and middle school physical education specialists and classroom teachers; physical education supervisors, directors, and administrators; recreation directors; athletic directors; YMCA directors; club sport leaders; and church group leaders.
Bev Davison is a veteran physical educator, having taught for ten years at the elementary and secondary levels. During those years she mastered the skill of creating a quality physical education program on a shoestring budget. She has shared her knowledge on this subject with fellow physical educators far and wide-from the Georgia Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (GAHPERD) state convention to a naval base in Cuba.
One of Davison's most significant career accomplishments was being named the 1995-96 Teacher of the Year by fellow teachers at her school for implementing the ideas in this book. Davison's contributions to her school's physical education program also led to a 1996 School of Excellence in Physical Education Honorable Mention Award from GAHPERD.
Davison is a member of the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance and GAHPERD. She earned her master's degree in physical education from Eastern Kentucky University. In her free time she enjoys biking, fishing, and water sports. She and her husband, Ray, live in St. Mary's, Georgia, with their three children.


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Price hospital hosts informational health fair
The Carbon County community was treated to free medical screenings on Tuesday at Castleview Hospital's annual health fair.
Attendees had the opportunity to have blood pressure, heart rate and oxygen level checked along with the added bonus of free flu shots, body fat analysis, skin cancer checks and mammogram tests.
One pressing issues addressed at the informational activity was the need for influenza vaccination.
According to information presented at the hospital, anyone can get influenza - a viral disease that can cause serious health problems.
While rates of infection differ and the illness lasts for a few days in most people, the flu can cause; fever, sore throat, chills, fatigue, cough, headache and muscle aches.
However, some individuals become much sicker, pointed out the Castleview staff. Influenza can lead to pneumonia and be dangerous for people with heart or breathing conditions.
The illness can cause high fever, diarrhea and seizures in children.
On average, 226,000 people are hospitalized every year because of influenza and 36,000 of the patients die, mostly the elderly.
At Castleview, the officials were administering the inactivated vaccine that was delivered by injection into the muscle.
An annual vaccination is recommended because the Influenza virus mutates from year to year causing scientists to fine tune each year's vaccination.
Flu shots are recommended for most individuals but especially for children from 6 months of age to 18 and anyone over the age of 50.
For additional information on the influenza vaccination, local residents may contact the Price hospital.
A second major topic discussed at the event was celiac disease.
CD is a genetic digestive disorder that damages the small intestine and interferes with the absorption of nutrients from food, according to health fair literature.
Persons with CD cannot tolerate a protein called gluten, which is found in wheat, rye, barley and possibly oats.
When people eat foods that contain gluten, their immune systems respond by damaging the small intestine.
Specifically, tiny finger-like protrusions called villi on the lining of the small intestine are lost.
Nutrients from food are absorbed into the blood stream through the villi.
Without villi, a person becomes malnourished regardless of the quantity of food consumed.
Because the immune system causes the damage, CD is considered an auto-immune disorder.
Celiac can also be considered a disease of mal-absorption as nutrients are not absorbed.
CD affects patients differently. Some people develop symptoms as children, some as adults.
One factor theorized to play a role in the disease, according to fair information, is the amount of time an individual was breast fed.
"The longer a person was breast fed, the later symptoms of CD appear and the more atypical are the symptoms," pointed out the informational pamphlet. "Other factors include the age a person with CD began eating gluten."
According to health providers at the fair, the disease is trying as affected individuals must constantly monitor their diets.
Patients are essentially unable to eat anything that does not provide consumers with all ingredient information.
Symptoms of celiac disease include: â¢Chronic diarrhea and abdominal pain.
â¢Irritability and/or depression and behavior changes associated with eating.
â¢Weight loss and delayed growth along with unexplained anemia
â¢ Bone pain, muscle cramps and pain in the joints.
â¢Pale, foul smelling stool, gas and missed menstrual periods.
â¢Pale, painful sores in the mouth, tooth discoloration or loss of enamel.
Diagnosing can be difficult, as CD's symptoms are so closely related to other diseases, such as Crohn's Disease and Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Recently, researchers have discovered that persons with CD have higher-than-normal levels of certain antibodies.
If the tests and symptoms suggest CD, a biopsy of the small intestine will be performed to evaluate damage to the villi.
Gluten free food can be difficult to find and those seeking further information can also contact Castleview about CD, Influenza Vaccination or any other health problem discussed at the health fair.


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Sunday, December 8, 2019
Criminal Profiling free essay sample
The aim of this research paper is to investigate the effectiveness of criminal profiling in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Baccalaureates profiling Is done by the behavioral Science unit of Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). This unit is responsible to study and investigate the behavior of the criminals through different techniques and procedures. The FBI in the Minneapolis is of average size as compared to the other offices in the country. The FBI from many years is working in Minneapolis.A number of steps are conducted in order to properly conduct criminal profiling. The first step Is the profiling input which Is Important for profiling. After that the Input Is arranged and organized In a systematic and methodical manner. The third step consists of crime assessment in which the patterns of offenders and victims behavior are reconstructed. The next stage consists of criminal profile in which the above steps are observed to develop and describe the behavior of the criminal, background information, characteristics and beliefs of the criminal. We will write a custom essay sample on Criminal Profiling or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The final process consists of investigation process and apprehension in which a review Is conducted In order to arrive at correct and appropriate conclusions and deductions (Swanson, Chameleon Terror, 2008). Criminal Profiling in Minneapolis Behavioral Science unit of FBI of Minneapolis works to find out the criminals in order to stop crimes and attacks. The Behavioral Science unit comprises of agents, criminologist, crime analysts, and psychologist and veteran police officers. They provides training, perform research and consultation.The Behavioral science Unit of Minneapolis focuses different approaches and quenches to study the behavior of offenders. The unit has been focusing on investigating and analyzing violent crime that poses serious threats to the fabric of society. It seeks to integrate and incorporate efficient and effective technologies that would assist in cracking down hard on criminal behavior (Federal Bureau Investigation). Criminal profiling helps in crimes like homicide, theft, rape, etc. It also assists in identifying any criminal activity in future. There are two profiling FBI uses, Inductive and Deductive. Both have advantages and disadvantages. The Inductive profiling does not explain the offenders behavior and short cuts are taken but In deductive the department communication and consistency is greater (Holmes Holmes, 2002). Conclusion criminal profiling is effective in Minneapolis as it plays important role in identifying the future criminal acts and provide future safety from the criminals. Analyze the crime scene and investigate. Thus, criminal profiling is very effective for Minneapolis as the profiler is able to find the dangerous criminals and helps to intro any activity by the criminals.


Can Coparcenary Property Be Sold?
Can mother make a will on ancestral property?
2017 Yes challenge the Will.
Will an individual can make for his or her sole self owned property or share in the property not the whole property if that has other owners or shareholders like ancestral property..
Is it true that ancestral property once divided becomes self acquired?
The prerequisite of an ancestral property is that an ancestral property should not have been divided or partitioned by the family members, as once a division of the ancestral property takes place, the share or portion which each coparcener gets after division becomes his or her self acquired property.
Who is a Coparcener?
A coparcener is a person who acquires interest in the joint family property by birth. The essential difference between a 'coparcener' and a 'member' of an HUF is that a coparcener can enforce partition of the HUF, while a member cannot.
What constitutes ancestral property?
Concept of Ancestral Property Property inherited by a Hindu from his father, father's father or father's fathers' father, is ancestral property. Any property acquired by the Hindu great grand father, which then passes undivided down the next three generations up to the present generation of great grand son/daughter.
Does Mother property belong to daughter?
The Hindu Succession Act, 1956, was amended in 2005 to give daughters an equal share in parental property. … However, it is important to note that if the father died before 2005, a married daughter will not have any right over ancestral property, while the self-acquired property will be distributed as per the will.
Can ancestral property be sold?
What is the difference between ancestral property and Coparcenary property?
A property is ancestral when acquired through inheritance from ancestors, this property is always shared by members of a coparcenary equally. On the other hand property is self acquired if it is earned by own efforts/learning or other human endeavour.
Is widow a Coparcener?
According to Mitakshara law, only a coparcener can be a karta or manager of an HUF. Therefore, since a Hindu widow is a member of the HUF but not a coparcener, she cannot be a karta of in her husband's HUF.
Does daughters have equal rights in father's property?
Supreme Court rules that daughters have equal rights in their father's property. In its decision, the Supreme Court clarified two points: coparcenary rights are acquired by daughters on their birth; and. fathers need not have been alive when the 2005 amendment to the Hindu Succession Act 1956 was passed.
How ancestral property is divided?
Under the Hindu law, property is divided into two types: ancestral and self-acquired. Ancestral property is defined as one that is inherited up to four generations of male lineage and should have remained undivided throughout this period. … By birth, a daughter has a share in the ancestral property.
Which property is Coparcenary?
A coparcenary consists of a 'propositus', that is, a person at the top of a line of descent, and his three lineal descendants — sons, grandsons and great-grandsons. Coparcenary property is named thus because the co-ownership is marked by "unity of possession, title and interest".
Can a father gives all his property to one child?
A father cannot freely give the ancestral property to one son. In Hindu law, the ancestral property can be gifted only under certain situations like distress or for pious reasons. Otherwise, the ancestral property cannot be given away to one child to the exclusion of all others.


micro and the motors. Most of our controllers can be driven via a PWM output from a Raspberry Pi or Arduino.
 One thing that bothers roboteers is interference. 4QD controllers are used in a high proportion of the larger robots and we have never been able to identify a case of interference caused by the controllers. However it is advisable to suppress the motors. The recommendation is that you connect some small ceramic capacitors (10n) across the brushes. If there are more than two brushes, fit one capacitor across each pair of brushes as close to the motor body as possible. Do not connect any capacitor from motor terminals to the chassis: this is only good practise if you can be sure of the radio frequency characteristics of the chassis. In most robots that is an unknown! Such capacitors may cause problems rather than cure them.
 A properly designed RFI suppression system will have a box that is a complete Faraday cage, with no holes, and with all metalwork bonded carefully together. All electronics will be within the cage and special attention is paid to any wires that penetrate the cage. It is for this type of shielding system that the admonition to connect capacitors from brushes to chassis exists, but in practise, I believe that no robot I have seen on Robot Wars is thus designed and if the cage is imperfect, interference coupled to it via these chassis connected capacitors is more likely to increase radiated interference than to reduce it.
 If the motor wires are long enough to allow it, twist them together. Same with the battery wires. Also remember that motor and battery wires are high current, pulsing. Keep them well away from other wiring, and well away from the receiver.
 Put ferrite beads on the motor leads.
 The network which was recommended by the RW hints and tips includes a 470n capacitor across the brushes. At 20kHz (the switching frequency used) a 470n has an impedance of only 17 ohms, so as the switching waveform is a squarewave, several amps of pwm switching will flow through it causing it maybe to get hot! It is far too large a value. In any case, such a high value will be polyester, wound from foil. This construction is not good at high frequencies because it can have a high self-inductance.
 Furthermore, one end of the motor is connected to battery positive (which end depends on which direction the robot's going) and the other is switching between battery positive and battery negative (because of the pwm switching). Two 47n capacitors form a reasonably low impedance (170 ohms each to 20kHz) potential divider, so the junction will try to be a pwm waveform at 20hHz of half the battery voltage. You do not really want that sort of voltage/current on your robot's chassis!
 Fourier analysis of a squarewave says that the waveform consists of the fundamental frequency (in our case 24v p-p of 20kHz) plus 1/3 of its amplitude of 3rd harmonic (8v p-p at 60kHz), plus 1/5 5th harmonic (5v p-p at 100kHz) and so on. Since the capacitors impedance reduces in proportion to the frequency, you can see that the harmonic currents flowing in these capacitor can get quite large at higher frequencies. Suppression is meant to remove unwanted signals – not to put wanted signals in the wrong place.
 RFI suppression is an art more than a science: there are good things to do and bad things, but in the end it's always down to empirical testing! Get a portable radio and see how close to the robot you can get it before interference totally drowns out the reception. Try various things to see what improves the situation and what makes it worse.
 There's a whole page in our application notes on hints about wiring your robot


Which is better?
If you're in the process of buying a new set of wheels you may be faced with the dilemma over whether to opt for a car that runs on petrol or diesel.
Diesel cars are currently in high demand as more and more people look for better fuel economy - viewing diesel cars as a more cost-effective way to drive than their petrol counterparts.
However, the argument is not clear-cut.
When selecting a new car from the thousands of models out there, one of the major factors will be the initial outlay, and then day-to-day running costs.
Here we take a look at the buying and running cost differences between petrol and diesel vehicles to help you decide which option is the right for you.
Initial purchase costs
At the outset, diesel vehicles tend to be pricier to purchase. However, these vehicles usually have a longer life-span and also depreciate in value more slowly than their petrol counterparts.
This is an important factor to bear in mind, as depreciation can be one of the biggest costs of buying a new car. Further, it's worth noting that diesel cars can also be more expensive than petrol cars even if you're buying a used model.
Fuel economy
When it comes to putting diesel into the tank, this can cost more than petrol.
That said, diesel vehicles tend to be more economical with their fuel - meaning petrol cars often work out more expensive in the long run.
However, as a driver you need to be aware that it could take several years of fuel-efficient motoring to make buying a diesel vehicle worthwhile.
In fact, according to experts, unless drivers do 10,000 miles for a used diesel car or 6,000 for a new diesel car, they will not recoup the cost.
By contrast, if you're only planning to keep your car for a few years, or if you're a low-mileage motorist, you may be able to make savings by opting for a petrol model.
In the wake of soaring petrol prices, if you're looking to save money on fuel bills, you need to work through these scenarios carefully.
Car insurance
When choosing between a petrol and diesel car, you not only need to take into consideration the mileage and fuel costs, but also the cost of cover.
Insurance can be more expensive for diesel cars, costing around 10-15% more than it would to insure an equivalent petrol car, according to experts.
This is because diesel cars have higher average accident repair costs, and because insurers must factor in the higher overall replacement cost if a diesel is stolen.
Further, as diesel models have become smoother and more powerful, underwriters no longer view these vehicles as a less sporty alternative to petrol models.
Crucially, when buying car insurance for any type of vehicle, you need to shop around, comparing the cost and levels of cover from a range of providers; a price comparison service such as MoneySupermarket.com could help you to find the best-value policy for your needs.
Road tax pricing
When it comes to road tax, prices are calculated based on C02 emissions, with cars that produce less C02 invariably attracting cheaper road tax prices.
In the petrol vs. diesel debate, diesel vehicles win over petrol cars. This is because diesel vehicles are more efficient than their petrol opposite, and emit less C02, so often attract cheaper road tax.
When choosing a new vehicle, it's worth finding out the road tax band your car of choice is assigned to; you can do this at Direct.gov.uk.
Armed with this knowledge, you can then see how much it will cost annually for road tax.
Servicing costs
Generally speaking, diesel cars don't need to be serviced as frequently as petrol cars which can mean diesel vehicles cost their owners less. However, you need to bear in mind that diesel servicing costs, when required, may be more expensive.
As a result, over a three or four-year term, you're unlikely to see a significant difference between servicing costs for equivalent petrol and diesel cars.
Further, while many motorists believe that diesel engines stay reliable for longer, in reality, modern petrol engines are likely to be equally reliable; petrol engines are also likely to be cheaper to repair if anything major goes wrong.
Petrol vs. diesel - which is cheaper?
When it comes to choosing between a petrol vehicle and a diesel vehicle, there is no right answer.
The majority of us still drive petrol cars - and for low-mileage motorists, this still makes sense.
And even though diesel cars are less damaging to the environment and now run as quietly and smoothly as their petrol equivalents thanks to the advancement technology they are unlikely to work out cheaper in the short run.
However, over the medium to longer term, and particularly for those who have a high annual mileage, a diesel car could prove better value.
Crucially, the choice will depend on the vehicle and you, the motorist.


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Photonics: Sensing on the way
Published online 01 August 2012
Hollow optical fibers containing light-emitting liquids hold big promises for biological sensing applications
Schematic illustration of a hollow fiber. The chemiluminescent liquid in the core (yellow) is guided through the fiber, also with help of further hole structures (dark blue).
Processing biological samples on a small substrate the size of a computer chip is becoming a common task for biotechnology applications. Given the small working area, however, probing samples on the substrate with light can be difficult. To address this issue, Xia Yu and co-workers at the A*STAR Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology have now developed an optical fiber system that is able to deliver light to microfluidic chips with high efficiency1.
"Our compact optical fibers are designed for use with high-throughput detection systems," says Yu. "They are ideal for use in space-restrictive locations."
A common way of probing biological samples is by light. In this method, the sample is excited by an external light source and the light emitted in response is detected, which provides a unique fingerprint of the substance. Conventional techniques are able to deliver light to samples and probe the response, but they are not very efficient at probing a small sample volume. A solution to this is to use optical fibers that are able to guide light to small spaces. The drawback with this technique, however, has been that it can be difficult to insert the external probe light into the optical fiber with sufficient efficiencies.
Yu and her co-workers have now circumvented this problem by using optical fibers with a hollow core (see image). The empty hollow core can be filled with liquids — in this case, with chemiluminescent solutions. The liquid is important to promote the transport of light through the core. In addition, these solutions consist of two liquids that when brought together initiate a chemical reaction that emits light. If such a solution is placed directly within the hollow core the problem of coupling light into the fiber is circumvented. This not only avoids external light sources but also promotes an established technology.
"The use of chemical luminescence is a common technique for a variety of detection assays in biology," says Yu. "By incorporating the emission mechanism into optical fibers, we can use it as a light source for sensing applications in microfluidics systems."
First tests for such sensing applications are already underway, although some challenges remain. For example, there might be losses in the light emitted by the fluid if the emitted light is not perfectly confined within the fiber. Such problems can be solved through improved fiber designs and an appropriate choice of materials, and applications of these fibers for microfluidic systems are promising.
The A*STAR-affiliated researchers contributing to this research are from the Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology
- Yu, X. et al. Chemiluminescence detection in liquid-core microstructured optical fibers. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 160, 800–803 (2011). | article


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What Is Graywater?
According to Health and Safety Code Section 17922.12, graywater is "untreated wastewater that has not been contaminated by any toilet discharge, has not been affected by infectious contaminated or unhealthy bodily wastes, and does not present a threat from contamination by unhealthful processing, manufacturing, or operation wastes. "Graywater" includes but is not limited to wastewater from bathtubs, showers, bathroom washbasins, clothes washing machines, and laundry tubs, but does not include wastewater from kitchen sinks or dishwashers."
- Download an informational brochure on installation and permitting requirements for graywater systems in Sonoma County
Graywater Systems Standards
On July 30, 2009, the CA Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD) Codes and Standards Division and the California Building Standards Commission (CBSC) announced the adoption of the state's new graywater standards. The new standards became effective on August 4, 2009. "These new graywater standards will be a big step toward reducing California's water consumption by providing cost-effective guidelines that will be beneficial to every home throughout the state," said Director Lynn L. Jacobs. "HCD and its staff recognize the importance of continually improving the state building codes and standards to help improve our sustainability."
For more information regarding the Standards and building permits, please contact the County Permit and Resource Development Department (PRMD) at _PHONE_ or visit the PRMD website, or view the new Graywater Standards.
Graywater Frequently Asked Questions
1. What is graywater?
Graywater is untreated wastewater that has not been contaminated by any toilet discharge. Graywater includes wastewater from bathtubs, showers, bathroom sinks, clothes washing machines and laundry sinks. It does not include wastewater from kitchen sinks, dishwashers, photo lab sinks or laundry water from soiled diapers.
2. What is a graywater system?
Graywater systems are onsite wastewater systems that use graywater for subsurface landscape irrigation through the use of mulch basins, disposal trenches or subsurface drip irrigation fields.
3. Are there regulations for the use of graywater?
The regulations for the design, construction and use of graywater systems can be found in Chapter 16A of the California Plumbing Code (CPC). A copy of these regulations can be found on our website at _URL_
4. Who regulates the use of graywater in Sonoma County?
The County of Sonoma Permit and Resource Management Department (PRMD) has been delegated the authority to regulate graywater systems in the unincorporated area of Sonoma County by the California Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB). PRMD does not regulate graywater systems in the incorporated cities in Sonoma County. These cities can implement a program of their own that meets or exceeds the requirements of the CPC with approval from the RWQCB. Questions regarding graywater systems within an incorporated city should be go directly to that city.
5. Can I allow my graywater to discharge to the ground surface?
Due to the potential for high levels of bacteria and viruses in graywater, graywater must be used in a way that eliminates potential human contact or the creation of nuisances. The regulations for graywater systems allows for subsurface irrigation only, although graywater can be discharged to the ground surface in a mulch basin as long as it remains covered with at least two inches of mulch, rock or soil.
6. Can I use graywater for other purposes such as flushing toilets?
The CPC allows graywater to be used for flushing toilets but the graywater must meet the same regulations in place for the use of recycled water (Title 22) with respect to treatment, permitting, inspection and cross connection control.
7. Do I need a permit to install a graywater system?
The CPC exempts graywater systems that collect graywater from a clothes washer only and where no modifications to the plumbing system are required or pumps are used in the graywater system from construction permits but the system must still meet the design and construction standards found in the regulations. All other graywater systems require a construction permit. Plans for graywater systems must be submitted to PRMD or the authorized permitting agency for review and approval of the graywater design. Once the design is approved, a construction permit must be obtained to install the graywater system and allow for inspection by the permitting agency.
8. Do I need to contact any other agencies for the installation of a graywater system?
You need to contact your local building department to discuss plumbing, venting and electrical requirements as needed for either new construction or the retrofit of an existing structure where a graywater system is proposed. In addition, you need to contact your local water purveyor to discuss the need for the installation of a backflow protection device at the water meter.
9. What kind of plants can I irrigate with graywater?
Graywater can be used to irrigate fruit trees, ornamental trees, shrubs, groundcover and lawns. Graywater should not be used in vegetable gardens where the food is a root crop or touches the ground surface. Be aware that soaps and detergents can contain a variety of chemicals to aid in cleaning that may be harmful to your plants. Please contact your local landscape specialist for more information.
10. Where can I find more information on graywater?
Additional information regarding graywater and onsite wastewater systems is available on the PRMD website at _URL_ PRMD is currently in the process of developing new guidelines for the use of graywater to address the revisions to the CPC and will post these when available.


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Seventh-grader Hannah Cussen and her all-girl robotics team the "Banana Bots" took first place in a regional LEGO League competition with their custom robot designed to assist senior citizens.
In January, they'll head to a state championship -- a slot in the competition earned after they beat two dozen other teams. Hannah, who lives in Englewood, takes electives at her middle school that include "robotics engineering" and "industrial tech using Google SketchUp." When she grows up, she said, she wants to be a science adviser to the White House.
"For me, part of the allure is I want to go and beat all of the boys," Hannah said.
Hannah's early enthusiasm for science is inspiration for University of Colorado educators who are doggedly working to close the gender gap as few females are choosing to pursue fields in Science, Technology, Engineering and Math, or STEM. Nationwide, there is a shortage of graduates in those fields, but only 18 percent of STEM graduates are women, according to the Society of Women Engineers.
CU, which has positioned itself as a national leader in STEM education, will be the host organization for the new statewide Colorado Collaborative for Girls in STEM, an organization focused on bettering girls' STEM education and career opportunities. CU is home to more than 45 STEM education programs, many of which are replicated nationally.
The collaborative will hold a kick-off conference, "Take flight with the Colorado Girls Collaborative: Building opportunities for girls in STEM" on Wednesday in Denver at the St. Cajetan's Center on the Auraria campus.
Wednesday's event will gather more than 100 people dedicated to Colorado STEM initiatives, ranging from colleges to the Girl Scouts.
The collaborative recognizes that girls' interest in science can start in elementary school, and one of the main goals is to get K-12 counselors on board so they can share information about STEM opportunities with girls at an early age.
Stacey Forsyth, director of CU's Science Discovery and co-chairwoman for the Colorado Collaborative for Girls, said CU will house the project, but the collaborative activities are managed by a leadership team representing several organizations.
CU physics professor Noah Finkelstein said educators at the university are highly involved and interested in closing the gender gap in STEM. In some undergraduate science fields, like biology, the number of women and men pursuing degrees is close to even. In fields such as physics, that gap widens with fewer women pursuing degrees, Finkelstein said.
Physicists and social scientists at CU have teamed up to research what factors may be holding women back.
In 2010, Finkelstein co-authored a study that appeared in the journal Science and found by simply writing a self-affirming essay, female physics students can boost their course grades from the C to B range. The study found the gender gap in performance in physics courses stems from psychological factors, not ability.
Finkelstein said educators should focus on retaining STEM students, not just recruiting them.
"We can increase the population staying in STEM fields simply by creating a more inclusive and supportive environment," he said.
Contact Camera Staff Writer Brittany Anas at _PHONE_ or _EMAIL_.


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Gestational Period Depends on Structure of Placenta: Research
WEDNESDAY Nov. 17, 2010 -- The structure of the placenta influences the relatively long nine-month pregnancy in humans, researchers say.
In their study, the investigators found that babies grow twice as fast in the wombs of some mammals compared to others and that the difference in growth rate is due to the structure of the placenta and the way it connects the mother and baby.
The more intimate the connection between the mother and the fetus, the faster the baby grows and the shorter the pregnancy, said the researchers at Durham and Reading universities in England.
Human placentas do not form the complex web-like structure seen in animals such as dogs and leopards, which helps explain why humans have longer pregnancies, the study authors explained.
The researchers looked at 109 mammal species and found that the placenta in some species is "highly folded," resulting in a larger surface area that increases the rate at which nutrients are passed from the mother to the baby.
"This study shows that it is not necessarily the contact with maternal blood which determines speed of growth, but the extent to which the tissues of mother and baby are 'interlocked,' or folded, with one another," lead author Dr. Isabella Capellini said in a Durham University news release.
"In humans, the placenta has simple finger-like branches with a relatively limited connection between the mother's tissues and those of the fetus, whereas in leopards, for example, it forms a complex web of interconnections that create a larger surface area for the exchange of nutrients," she explained.
The study findings are published in the current issue of the journal American Naturalist.
The U.S. National Library of Medicine outlines fetal development.
Posted: November 2010


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Why Is the FDA Saying It's OK to Eat Seafood 10,000 Times Over the Safe Limit for Dangerous Carcinogens?
In an interview with AlterNet, the study's lead researcher, NRDC staff scientist Miriam Rotkin-Ellman, said that such a response from the FDA "begs the question of whether or not it was a political versus a scientific decision" because the agency "does not provide scientific evidence" for the claim that being more health protective somehow carries an increased risk of doing harm.
She added, "PAHs in food have been evaluated and standards set in the European Union without jeopardizing anyone's nutrition."
AlterNet confirmed that the FDA indeed has provided no scientific evidence to back up this claim in either its formal response to the NRDC report or in addressing AlterNet's questions.
More broadly, the FDA declined to directly explain the email correspondence the study's researchers obtained in the FOIA request. They reveal that the Environmental Protection Agency, and even members of the FDA's own staff, questioned the FDA's seafood safety risk assessment criteria for protecting the most vulnerable populations, particularly Gulf residents.
Other documents received via the FOIA request show that the FDA considered multiple other potential calculations and criteria where more health protective risk assessments were considered but never followed.
Asked if these documents, along with the NRDC study's findings, belie the FDA's chief claim that their risk assessments are biased "on the side of safety," Dickey responded, "The seafood safety risk assessment was developed in extensive and open collaboration between FDA, EPA, CDC, NOAA, and public health experts and toxicologists from all five Gulf states impacted by the oil spill."
He added, "During that process many factors and calculations were considered before the final version was agreed on by all participants."
Dickey also claims that the FDA has "built into our assessments, a more than 100-fold safety factor that gives us confidence that sensitive populations are protected."
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Surface Pro is a surface protectant, dielectric grease, and contact irritant useful for protecting structural surfaces, electrical wiring, and junction boxes from damage related to corrosive weather elements.
It can be applied to indoor and outdoor surfaces, such as wood, metal, plastic, ceramic tile, brick, cinderblock, and cement. Porous surfaces must be sealed by spreading a coat of silicone before application.
- Residential, industrial & manufacturing sites
- Storage, garage & warehouse sites
- Autos, boats & marine equipment, farm equipment, construction equipment, etc.
- Electric, phone and cable connections
- Housing and junction boxes