rot_accel
 qy *= rot_accel
 qz *= rot_accel
 qw = lerp(1, qw, rot_accel)
 //Normalize the relative rotation quat
 d = 1 / sqrt(sqr(qx) + sqr(qy) + sqr(qz) + sqr(qw))
 //Multiply the relative rotation quat with the rotation speed quat
 q = quat_multiply(qrot_x, qrot_y, qrot_z, qrot_w, qx * d, qy * d, qz * d, qw * d)
 //Reduce\decelerate the rotation speed quat
 qx = q[0] * rot_speed
 qy = q[1] * rot_speed
 qz = q[2] * rot_speed
 qw = lerp(1, q[3], rot_speed)
 //Normalize the rotation speed quat
 //Get up vector
 var up = matrix_transform_vertex(rot_matrix, 0, 0, -1);
 //Create a quat for the turning
 q = quat_create(up[0], up[1], up[2], -turn_amount)
 //Multiply the quat with the rotation speed quat
 q = quat_multiply(qx * d, qy * d, qz * d, qw * d, q[0], q[1], q[2], q[3])
 qx = q[0]
 qy = q[1]
 qz = q[2]
 qw = q[3]
 //Normalize the rotation speed quat
 qrot_x = qx * d
 qrot_y = qy * d
 qrot_z = qz * d
 qrot_w = qw * d
 //Convert the rotation speed quat to a matrix and add to the absolute rotation matrix
 rot_matrix = matrix_multiply(rot_matrix, matrix_create_from_quat(qrot_x, qrot_y, qrot_z, qrot_w))
 //Apply the rotation matrix to the vehicle's world matrix
 matrix = matrix_multiply(rot_matrix, matrix_build(x, y, z, 0, 0, 0, scale, scale, scale))
I need to add another collision stage which detects whether the actual cuboid is intersecting any triangles, cus it's able to go through walls along the edges of it where the balls aren't there. (You can see that at 2:16 on the video)
So I think I'd need to do raycasting\lines intersecting triangles tests and push the vehicle out of walls.
I just hope it doesn't interfere with the physics. I think if I put the lines slightly behind the balls, the balls will always hit the triangle first, apart from in the case where they don't collide (at the edges in between them). Then it should only do the edge line push back as an emergency.
Or maybe I could make it use capsules along the edges instead of spheres...
Also for smaller objects colliding with the vehicle I need to make them check if they're intersecting the rotated cuboid. I'm not sure exactly how to do that yet. I think it'll involve applying the inverse of the rotation matrix to them, to rotate them into the model space of the vehicle, then it can just do a simple nearest_point_on_bbox and check if that's intersecting their sphere\capsule.
I might also change some of the ways it handles friction and grip. I'm not sure yet. I just got it working in a nice way yesterday and settled with that for now.
I was also thinking of making the shell of the car separate to the wheels. So the shell will have the wobbly rotation and the wheels will grip precisely to the ground by drawing them at their actual position after collision instead of using the body's rotation.
I think that would give an effect like on a lot of driving games.
You should also be able to make any kind of shape you want with this system, like rigid body physics. And if it's an irregular shape it'd topple over and it'd need spread across the bottom to stay up, like how stools and chairs work.
I haven't actually tested this in the 3d version yet, but the 2d one did so I'm hoping it will.
To make them easier to make I could make a function that builds the body out of the model's skeleton.. Capsule collision would be extra useful there.
Heavy metal viking dentist
GMC Elder
Very cool! So you can use this to connect spheres into more complex shapes? Are you going to make this into a general thing? If so, could you also modify it for making ragdolls?
That car could use some more grip and power xD But oh my god man that's amazing! It seems to move very naturally, just awesome! ^^
Joe Ellis
Thanks dudes!
Yeah I'm planning on making a few objects with this, one of them that's a general "physics object" or "obj_rigid_body" and it creates the spheres from the model it's using's bones. That way you can just create bones in the model wherever you want them to be.
And I could add "radius" & "weight" variables for bones.
I was thinking of doing the radius anyway for things like doing headshots and more precise bullet collisions, and the weight for ragdoll physics.
About ragdoll physics, I think it could use the same idea of each sphere doing it's own movement & collision, but I think there would be quite a lot of differences beside that.
I think it would be something like this:
1st stage: Each ball has it's own speed, apply speed to position, do collision pushback, set it's new speed by how much it's moved from previous position. (So this is the same)
2nd stage: all the balls would have to be constrained so that the lengths of the bones stay the same.
I'm not sure exactly how this'd be done.
One way could be to loop through them hierarchically from the root bone, and pull them back:
repeat num_bones
b = bones[++i]
repeat b.num_children
c = children[++j]
vx = c.x - b.x
vy = c.y - b.y
vz = c.z - b.z
l = c.length / point_distance_3d(0, 0, 0, vx, vy, vz)
c.x = b.x + (vx * l)
c.y = b.y + (vy * l)
c.z = b.z + (vz * l)
//maybe reduce bone's speed here too
I don't know if that would give the right effect though.
Maybe doing it backwards from end bones would be better..
Or another way could be with an average type process: (this'd give a stretchy effect though)
//Init new positions
repeat num_bones
with bones[++i]
new_x = 0
new_y = 0
new_z = 0
num_movements = 0
ox = x
oy = y
oz = z
//Pull connected bones back together
i = 0
repeat num_bones
b = bones[++i]
l = b.connected
j = 0
repeat c.num_connected
c = l[++j]
//Get vector
vx = c.x - b.x
vy = c.y - b.y
vz = c.z - b.z
//Get length
d = point_distance_3d(0, 0, 0, vx, vy, vz)
//Add pullback to connected bone
l = c.length / d
c.new_x = b.x + (vx * l)
c.new_y = b.y + (vy * l)
c.new_z = b.z + (vz * l)
c.num_movements += 1
//Maybe pull the bone towards the connected bone aswell (or do one or the other)
l = b.length / d
b.new_x = c.x - (vx * l)
b.new_y = c.y - (vy * l)
b.new_z = c.z - (vz * l)
b.num_movements += 1
//Set position to average of new positions
i = 0
repeat num_bones
with bones[++i]
x = new_x / num_movements
y = new_y / num_movements
z = new_z / num_movements
//Add speed from the movement (maybe)
xspeed += x - ox
yspeed += y - oy
zspeed += z - oz
It could maybe use all of those together, do the hierarchical ones after the stretchy one.
That might look the most realistic. I think it'd look more realistic than the hierarchical ones alone.
3rd stage, each ball would loop through balls it's connected to and get the average of their speeds (maybe including it's own).
Or maybe it could get the speeds by the length correcting process instead, that might be more realistic.
I think that would be the movement simulation working, but I'm not sure how it'd get the rotation speeds.
Maybe just get the vector difference of (parent pos to prev pos, parent pos to new pos).
Hmm, there's probably a few things I'm missing out at the minute.
It'd also need rotation constraints adding to certain bones, like the shoulders and spine to making sure the ragdoll doesn't get in some kind of impossible pose.
I'm interested to see how this'd work though now you've got me thinking about it haha :D
I'm gonna test out these ideas with a physics rope first, that shouldn't be too


text: The origin of the submarine Naturaliste Plateau off the southwestern coast of Australia is controversial; previous work supports both oceanic and continental affinities for the basement to volcanic and sedimentary sequences. We report the first evidence of reworked Mesoproterozoic (ca. 1230–1190 Ma) continental crust, based on laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry analysis of zircons from granite and orthogneiss samples dredged from the southern margin of the plateau. Thermobarometry of peak metamorphic minerals and electron microprobe chemical dating of monazite reveal that these igneous rocks were metamorphosed to ~700 °C and ~6.5 kbar during the Cambrian Pinjarra Orogeny at ca. 515 Ma. These data confirm a continental origin for a significant swathe of the southern Naturaliste Plateau, and suggest that the protoliths may have affinities to Mesoproterozoic crust within the Albany-Fraser-Wilkes Orogen (Australia-Antarctica). The present Naturaliste Plateau basement beneath its volcanic carapace probably represents a middle-to lower-crustal extensional allochthon exhumed during Cretaceous hyperextensional breakup between Australia and Antarctica.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Size specific dose estimate
Andrew Murphy and Dr Matt A. Morgan et al.
Size specific dose estimate (SSDE) measured in mGy, is a method of estimating CT radiation dose that takes a patient's size into account.
CTDIvol and DLP are common methods to estimate a patient's radiation exposure from a CT procedure. The exposures are the same regardless of patient size, but the size of the patients is a factor in the overall patient's absorbed dose.
Coefficients were developed to help transform a patient's exposure to absorbed dose if the AP and lateral dimensions of the patient are provided. Various methods are discussed in the reference articles.
SSDE does not take the organs in the CT scan's field of view into account, so it is not a measure of effective dose.
Imaging technology
Article information
rID: 57926
Synonyms or Alternate Spellings:
 - Size specific dose estimates
 - SSDE
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 Thank you for updating your details.


Direct Printing
From BR Wiki
(Redirected from Direct to Port)
Jump to: navigation, search
Direct Printing is printing direct to the port, formerly known as "pass-through" printing. Printer language and control vary for each printer, so for this reason this legacy method of printing has mostly been replaced with Native Windows Printing.
PCL and PJL are popular examples of the proprietary languages used by printers during the process of direct printing.
Printing directly to a network, indicated by NAME=PRN:/ can set a printer as the direct port printer, instead of the original PRN:/10
Also, another printer initialization keyword is supported for direct printing:
 PRINTER xxx INIT HP "..."
This adds certain required keywords to the printer initialization sequence. Some laser printers require these settings for Direct printing. They were previously provided automatically by pass-through printing (the predecessor to Direct printing).
The Printing article contains information about this and other printing processes.


text:
audio example by a male speaker
audio example by a female speaker
The above transcription of purview is a detailed (narrow) transcription according to the rules of the International Phonetic Association. You can find a description of each symbol by clicking the phoneme buttons in the secction below.
press buttons with phonetic symbols to learn how to precisely pronounce each sound of purview
press the "test" button to check how closely you can replicate the pitch of a native speaker in your pronunciation of purview
An example use of purview in a speech by a native speaker of american english:
"… on homelessness under my purview and i'm …"


Boxer (dog)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other meanings of these words, see Boxer (disambiguation).
Male fawn Boxer undocked.jpg
Plain fawn Boxer, uncropped and undocked
Other names
 - German Boxer
 - Deutscher Boxer
Country of origin Germany
Weight Male 66–70 lb (30–32 kg)[1]
Female 55–60 lb (25–27 kg)
Height Male 22-25 ins. (57–63 cms.)[2]
Female 21.5-24 ins. (53–60 cms.)
Coat short, shiny, smooth, close-lying
Color fawn or brindle, black mask, with or without white markings, and white
Litter size average 6–8
Life span average 9–10 years[3]
Dog (Canis lupus familiaris)
The Boxer is a breed of medium-sized, short-haired dogs developed in Germany. Their coat is smooth and tight-fitting; colors are fawn or brindled, with or without white markings, which may cover the entire body, and white. Boxers are brachycephalic (they have broad, short skulls), have a square muzzle, mandibular prognathism (an underbite), very strong jaws, and a powerful bite ideal for hanging on to large prey. The Boxer was bred from the Old English Bulldog and the now extinct Bullenbeisser, and is part of the Molosser group. The Boxer is a member of the Working Group.[4]
Boxers were first exhibited in a dog show for St. Bernards in Munich in 1895, the first Boxer club being founded the next year. Based on 2013 American Kennel Club statistics, Boxers held steady as the seventh most popular breed of dog in the United States for the fourth consecutive year.[5]
Head and body proportions.
A brindle boxer
Two fawn boxer dogs
Boxers were originally a docked and cropped breed, and this is still done in some countries. However, due to pressure from veterinary associations, animal rights groups, and the general public, both cropping of the ears and docking of the tail have been prohibited in many countries around the world. A line of naturally short-tailed (bobtail) Boxers was developed in the United Kingdom in anticipation of a tail docking ban there;[8] after several generations of controlled breeding, these dogs were accepted in the Kennel Club (UK) registry in 1998, and today representatives of the bobtail line can be found in many countries around the world. However, in 2008, the FCI added a "naturally stumpy tail" as a disqualifying fault in their breed standard, meaning those Boxers born with a bobtail can no longer be shown in FCI member countries. In the United States and Canada as of 2012, cropped ears are still more common in show dogs, even though the practice of cosmetic cropping is currently opposed by the American Veterinary Medical Association.[9] In March 2005 the AKC breed standard was changed to include a description of the uncropped ear, but to severely penalize an undocked tail. The tail of a boxer is typically docked before the cartilage is fully formed, between 3-5 days old. This procedure does not require any anesthesia or sutures when performed at this young age.
Coat and colors[edit]
The Boxer is a short-haired breed, with a shiny, smooth coat that lies tight to the body. The recognized colors are fawn and brindle,[4] frequently with a white underbelly and white on the feet. These white markings, called flash, often extend onto the neck or face, and dogs that have these markings are known as "flashy". "Fawn" denotes a range of color, the tones of which may be described variously as light tan or yellow, reddish tan, mahogany or stag/deer red, and dark honey-blonde. In the UK and Europe, fawn Boxers are typically rich in color and are often called "red". "Brindle" refers to a dog with black stripes on a fawn background. Some brindle Boxers are so heavily striped that they give the appearance of "reverse brindling", fawn stripes on a black body; these dogs are conventionally called "reverse brindles", but that is actually a misnomer—they are still fawn dogs with black stripes. In addition, the breed standards state that the fawn background must clearly contrast with or show through the brindling, so a dog that is too heavily brindled may be disqualified by the breed standard. Boxers that resemble flashy traits are referred to as "flashy" plus the other color that they have such as brindle (ex: flashy-brindle).
The Boxer does not carry the gene for a solid black coat color and therefore purebred black Boxers do not exist.[10]
White Boxers[edit]
White boxer.
Boxers with white markings covering more than one-third of their coat – conventionally called "white" Boxers – are neither albino nor rare; approximately 20–25% of all Boxers born are white.[11] Genetically, these dogs are either fawn or brindle, with excessive white markings overlying the base coat color. Like fair-skinned humans, white Boxers have a higher risk of sunburn and associated skin cancers than colored Boxers. The extreme piebald gene, which is responsible for white markings in Boxers, is linked to congenital sensorineural deafness in dogs. It is estimated that about 18% of white Boxers are deaf in one or both ears,[12] though Boxer rescue organizations see about double that number.[13][14]
In the past, breeders often euthanized white puppies at birth. A 1998 study of Boxers in the Netherlands showed that 17% of Boxer pups were euthanized because they were white.[15] Previously, the American Boxer Club "unofficially recommended euthanasia for these animals."[16] Reasons for euthanizing white pups includes the view that it is unethical to sell a dog with "faults" and the perception that white Boxers are at higher risk of ending up abandoned in rescues.[17] Today, breeders are increasingly reluctant to euthanize healthy pups[16] and may choose to neuter and place them in pet homes instead.
The character of the Boxer is of the greatest importance and demands the most solicitous attention. He is renowned from olden times for his great love and faithfulness to his master and household. He is harmless in the family, but can be distrustful of strangers, bright and friendly of temperament at play, but brave and determined when aroused. His intelligence and willing tractability, his modesty and cleanliness make him a highly desirable family dog and cheerful companion. He is the soul of honesty and loyalty, and is never false or treacherous even in his old age.
— 1938 AKC Boxer breed standard[18]
Boxers are a bright, energetic and playful breed and tend to be very good with children.[4] They are patient and spirited with children but also protective, making them a popular choice for families.[4] They are active, strong dogs and require adequate exercise to prevent boredom-associated behaviors such as chewing, digging, or licking. Boxers have earned a slight reputation of being "headstrong," which can be related to inappropriate obedience training. Owing to their intelligence and working breed characteristics, training based on corrections often has limited usefulness. Boxers, like other animals, typically respond better to positive reinforcement techniques such as clicker training, an approach based on operant conditioning and behaviorism, which offers the dog an opportunity to think independently and to problem-solve.[19][20] Stanley Coren's survey of obedience trainers, summarized in his book The Intelligence of Dogs, ranked Boxers at #48 – average working/obedience intelligence. Many who have worked with Boxers disagree quite strongly with Coren's survey results, and maintain that a skilled trainer who uses reward-based methods will find Boxers have far above-average intelligence and working ability.[19][20][21]
The Boxer by nature is not an aggressive or vicious breed. It is an instinctive guardian and can become very attached to its family. Like all dogs, it requires proper socialization.[22] Boxers are generally patient with smaller dogs and puppies, but difficulties with larger adult dogs, especially those of the same sex, may occur. Boxers are generally more comfortable with companionship, in either human or canine form.
For more details on this topic, see Bullenbeisser.
Boxers on the first Boxer exhibition, Munich 1895
Flocky, the first boxer
The Boxer is part of the Molosser dog group, developed in Germany in the late 19th century from the now extinct Bullenbeisser, a dog of Mastiff descent, and Bulldogs brought in from Great Britain.[4] The Bullenbeisser had been working as a hunting dog for centuries, employed in the pursuit of bear, wild boar, and deer. Its task was to seize the prey and hold it until the hunters arrived. In later years, faster dogs were favored and a smaller Bullenbeisser was bred in Brabant, in northern Belgium. It is generally accepted that the Brabanter Bullenbeisser was a direct ancestor of today's Boxer.[23] In 1894, three Germans by the names


text:
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text:
|Scientific Name:||Pronolagus rupestris|
|Species Authority:||(A. Smith, 1834)|
|Taxonomic Notes:||According to Hoffmann and Smith (2005), there are four recognized subspecies: Pronolagus rupestris curryi, P. r. nyikae, P. r. saundersiae, and P. r. vallicola. P. saundersiae has recently been distinguished as a good species. There has been some contention as to the number of possible subspecies of P. rupestris; however, until the biological and exact taxonomic status of these clades is more clear, the treatment of Meester et al. (1986) is provisionally upheld. Although the species occurs in both southern Africa and east Africa, it is unlikely that there is any gene flow between the two populations.|
|Red List Category & Criteria:||Least Concern ver 3.1|
|Assessor/s:||Smith, A.T. & Boyer, A.F.|
|Reviewer/s:||Johnston, C.H. and Smith, A.T. (Lagomorph Red List Authority)|
Pronolagus rupestris is a widespread species. Population size in South Africa is greater than 10,000 mature individuals and this species is common within portions of its distribution in South Africa (Matthee et al. 2004).
Pronolagus rupestris occurs in South Africa (Free State, North-West, and Northern Cape provinces), and Lesotho, and in a separate population in south-western Kenya, central Tanzania, eastern Zambia, and Malawi (Duthie and Robinson 1990; Boitani et al. 1999; Matthee et al. 2004). It is no longer thought to occur in Namibia as indicated by other treatments (Bronner et al. 2003).
The extent of occurrence is greater than 20,000 km², and the area of occupancy is greater than 2,000 km² (Matthee et al. 2004).
Native:Kenya; Malawi; South Africa (Free State, Northern Cape Province, North-West Province); Tanzania, United Republic of; Zambia
|Range Map:||Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.|
|Population:||This species is characterized as abundant in the Springbok and Kuruman areas of its distribution (Matthee et al. 2004). It has a population size of greater than 10,000 in South Africa (Matthee et al. 2004). In South Africa, population decline of greater than 10% is predicted to occur by the year 2022 (Matthee et al. 2004). There is no data regarding the status of the east African distribution.|
|Habitat and Ecology:||
Pronolagus rupestris occurs on rocky slopes and the tops of rocky outcrops of mountains and hills, where grass or scrub vegetation occurs (Duthie and Robinson 1990; Matthee et al. 2004). Areas of unsuitable habitat cause some natural habitat fragmentation (Duthie and Robinson 1990).
The diet of P. rupestris consists of sprouting grasses (Duthie and Robinson 1990). Litter size is 1-2 young (Duthie and Robinson 1990).
|Major Threat(s):||Hunting of Pronolagus rupestris poses a threat to the species (Matthee et al. 2004). Habitat loss due to building houses on rocky outcrops also occurs, but this is not currently considered a serious threat (Matthee et al. 2004). There has been a greater than 20% loss of habitat since the 1900's and future loss is predicted to continue at the same rate until the year 2022 (Matthee et al. 2004).|
|Conservation Actions:||In South Africa, Pronolagus rupestris occurs in national and provincial parks and wildlife refuges, and is seasonally protected by Provincial Nature Conservation agencies as a game species (Duthie and Robinson 1990). Sustainable utilization is recommended, as well as research in the areas of status surveys and life history (Matthee et al. 2004). Few data exist for the east African distribution and research should be conducted in the areas of threats, population and habitat status. Taxonomic revision is also suggested for this species.|
|Citation:||Smith, A.T. & Boyer, A.F. 2008. Pronolagus rupestris. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. . Downloaded on 23 May 2013.|
|Feedback:||If you see any errors or have any questions or suggestions on what is shown on this page, please fill in the feedback form so that we can correct or extend the information provided|

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Lorentz force
physics, mathematical physics, philosophy of physics
Surveys, textbooks and lecture notes
theory (physics), model (physics)
experiment, measurement, computable physics
The Lorentz force is the force excerted in a particle that is charged under the electromagnetic field.
See relativistic particle for details.
In Kaluza-Klein compactifications
If one models the electromagnetic field via the Kaluza-Klein mechanism as a field of gravity on a fiber bundle, then trajectories of charged particles subject to the Lorentz force in the base space of that bundle are euivalently just geodesics on the total space, e.g. (Bleecker 81). An exposition of this fact is in (Bartlett 13).
The generalization to the spinning particle is discussed for instance in
Discussion of Lorentz force from the point of view of the Kaluza-Klein mechanism is in
and exposition is in
Revised on September 22, 2013 19:06:06 by Urs Schreiber (


Difference between revisions of "Food"
From RimWorld Wiki
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Line 73: Line 73:
==Version History==
==Version History==
*[[Version/0.8.657|0.8.657]] - Now spoils without refrigeration
* [[Version/0.9.722|0.9.722]] - Food poisioning added. [[Skills#Cooking|Bad cooks]] are more likely to accidentally poison meals.
Latest revision as of 04:52, 25 November 2020
Basics Menus Game Creation Gameplay Pawns Plants Resources Gear Mods
Resources Menu Crafted Resources Exotic Items Food Medical Items Materials Textiles
Food is the basic source of nutrition to both humans and animals. Lack of it leads to hunger which can be tracked by a pawn's food meter known as saturation and a long excessive deprivation leads to starvation.
For a more in-depth guide to farming and producing food, see Food production.
Raw Food
For a list of raw food items, see Raw food.
Food found in its natural stage is raw, fruits can be consumed without cooking but vegetables and meat will taste better for the colonist when prepared. Raws can still be consumed without being heated but causes the Ate raw food thought with a -7 mood penalty. Eating raw food restores 0.05 saturation each. Foods cooked at an electric stove, fueled stove or campfire turn into meals, later on it can be processed at the nutrient paste dispenser as well.
Raw food can be obtained from a variety of sources:
As of Alpha 15 (August 28st, 2016), there is a message telling you when food has spoiled.
Food will be wasted if left unattended (except for beer) by two factors: exposure and high temperature.
 - Storage in temperature above 0°C will spoil over time as well, though temperatures below 10°C will slow down spoiling. A freezer room can be created by placing at least enough Coolers in proportion to its size, the bigger the storage the more coolers required. In the early game, this can pose a threat if located on warm biomes.
Note that freezing temperatures alone does not prevent deterioration of food. For example: a raider is killed and drops his/her fine meal outdoors. That meal will still decay from exposure.
Once spoiled, food will vanish and can never be recovered. However, food can be eaten at any stage before spoiling with no visible mood effect.
Food deterioration rates
Food item Deterioration rate (per day)
MeatBig.png Raw meat 6
Potatoes.png Raw fruit/vegetables 6
Beer.png Beer 0
Packaged Survival Meal.png Packaged survival meal 0.25
Pemmican.png Pemmican 2
Nutrient paste meal.png Nutrient paste meal 10
Simple meal.png Simple meal 10
Fine meal.png Fine meal 10
Lavish meal.png Lavish meal 10
Eggs.png Eggs 2
Hay.png Hay 6
Kibble.png Kibble 6
Insect jelly.png Insect jelly 6
Version History
 - 0.8.657 - Now spoils without refrigeration
 - 0.9.722 - Food poisioning added. Bad cooks are more likely to accidentally poison meals.


Every Blooming
Courtesy photo
Spanish Lavender in full bloom.
 The phrase "lavender's blue, dilly, dilly," is taken from an English nursery rhyme written over 350 years ago. So, is lavender a flower, a color or just a word (a verb)? It is, of course, all of those; but what in the world is a dilly? A dilly is an obsolete term once used in the 1700's for a horse drawn carriage for hire, whereas dilly, dilly (are you ready for this?) is defined as an epizeusixis, meaning a word or phrase recited in quick succession and used for emphasis, for fun or to cause laughter. In other words, it doesn't mean anything.
A lavender plant, technically, is an herb from the mint family that produces spike like flowers. Lavender, as a descriptive color, is a light purple on the blue side. The word lavender (a verb) is not new, it comes from the Latin "lavare" meaning "to wash". The ancient Romans and Greeks added lavender oil to their baths for its healthy and antiseptic properties. Presumably, that is how the lavender plant got its name.
Back 500 years ago in Elizabethan England, soap, when available, was very expensive, but almost anyone could grow the lavender plant. It was used as one of the cheaper perfumes, which was an important part of hygiene back then.
Their linens were laid out in lavender rather than washing as the water in 16th century England was contaminated with sewage and likely would be fetid. It was said that Queen Elizabeth I only took a bath occasionally, and King James VI never washed his hands, only "rubb'd" them with the wet edge of a napkin.
It is indeed easy to grow lavender. Probably when most people think of lavender they think English or French lavender, but there is also a Spanish Lavender (lavendula stoechas), which grows well in our area because it tolerates a hot climate and is deer and drought resistant.
Find a spot in your garden with full sun and light soil that drains well, because it does not need a lot of water and, as mentioned before, is drought tolerant. It is also the perfect plant for container gardening as it does well in pots. Spanish Lavender is tall growing with rich purple cone shaped flowers that have dark purple "bracts' that resemble rabbit ears. Lavender is a semi-woody perennial and is evergreen. It forms into a shrub and comes back every year. They can grow thick and woody and do need trimming to produce fragrant flowers each year. Wait until the second year to trim, prune to an inch above the wood, but don't take away the wood itself, as it won't grow back.
Lavender also attracts pollinators to your garden. Putting in a pollinator plant is important because in simple terms, a pollinator is one that attracts bees, butterflies and hummingbirds or other beneficial creatures that transfer pollen from flower to flower.
It is good to grow lavender. It is a comfort to the nose, eyes and heart. It is nearly as good as a "hot shower", dilly, dilly.
Red Bluff Garden Club meets the last Tuesday of the month at 12:30 p.m., at the Methodist Church, 525 David Ave., Red Bluff. Visitors are welcome.
The Red Bluff Garden Club is a member of Cascade District, California Garden Clubs, Inc., Pacific Region Garden Clubs, Inc.
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Ligation Protocol with T4 DNA Ligase (M0202)
Protocols.io also provides an interactive version of this protocol where you can discover and share optimizations with the research community.
- Set up the following reaction in a microcentrifuge tube on ice.
(T4 DNA Ligase should be added last. Note that the table shows a ligation using a molar ratio of 1:3 vector to insert for the indicated DNA sizes.) Use NEBioCalculator to calculate molar ratios.
COMPONENT 20 μl REACTION T4 DNA Ligase Buffer (10X)* 2 μl Vector DNA (4 kb) 50 ng (0.020 pmol) Insert DNA (1 kb) 37.5 ng (0.060 pmol) Nuclease-free water to 20 μl T4 DNA Ligase 1 μl
- Gently mix the reaction by pipetting up and down and microfuge briefly.
- For cohesive (sticky) ends, incubate at 16°C overnight or room temperature for 10 minutes.
- For blunt ends or single base overhangs, incubate at 16°C overnight or room temperature for 2 hours (alternatively, high concentration T4 DNA Ligase can be used in a 10 minute ligation).
- Heat inactivate at 65°C for 10 minutes.
- Chill on ice and transform 1-5 μl of the reaction into 50 μl competent cells.


Crisis? What Crisis?
Jewelry as investment
In the Middle East jewelry has more value than just being ornamental. In addition to being beautifully crafted pieces of personal adornment, jewelry also carries economic, social and magical values. The financial aspect of jewelry during this period of global crisis is of extreme importance as proven by a succinct Arabic expression, "Bracelets are for difficult times."
The basis for any woman's jewelry collection is her marriage. The items she receives are her own personal possessions; they are hers to keep and do with as she pleases. On her wedding day, the glint of jewelry will impress onlookers and send out a clear message of her value as wife and family member. In addition, the dowry serves as insurance in case her husband should leave her. Thus the size of the dowry is heavily negotiated by the two families before the engagement is announced. How important this jewelry was becomes apparent in the names of some items. A necklace from Yemen is called lazim, which means as much as "a must" in Arabic. This piece was simply non-negotiable and had to be there. During the course of a woman's lifetime, more jewelry is acquired after the birth of each child or when there is money to spare.
To show off both wealth and status, coins are often incorporated into jewelry, face veils and other personal adornments. The monetary value of the coin is annulled by the fact that it has been soldered, pierced, cut and embellished with colored stones. Yet the use of coins predates the introduction of hallmarking. By using coins, the wearer could indicate silver content and connected value in an era where there was no other method of establishing guaranteed silver content in jewelry. One of the most famous coins used was the Austrian Maria Theresia Thaler, the first coin to have a constant and reliable high silver content. In addition to famous coins like the Maria Theresia Thaler, many local coins or other coins that were circulated in a certain country were worked into jewelry and costumes. A comparative study into the use of coins illustrates economical landscapes and the contact range of the wearer. For example, on the Arab Peninsula many Indian rupees are used, jewelry from Central Asia features Russian coins, and jewelry from the Maghreb makes use of many European coins. Around the beginning of the 20th century, most countries around the Mediterranean introduced their own hallmarking systems. Hallmarks and silver stamps were often used on the outside of a jewelry item, which indicated wealth and status.
When a woman becomes the head of her own household she becomes also responsible for the family's finances. Her husband earns an income and the wife is responsible for organizing the household efficiently: food, clothing, school uniforms and building up savings for unforeseen circumstances. Although a husband's income is often not enough to cover daily expenses, the woman has to find practical ways to save for major and future expenditures. These savings often take the form of jewelry. Throughout the Middle East, women work in what is known as the shadow economy: assisting in bath houses, working as midwives, or creating handcrafted items for touristic purposes. The extra income created by these jobs is often invested in jewelry, sometimes with the help of an informal cooperation network. Using the extra cash to buy jewelry is always preferred rather than depositing money in a bank account because jewelry is regarded as a solid investment—a hard asset.
In countries where not everyone has access to insurance, where economic crises are common and where there's inflation, it is still deemed preferable to invest in objects that can be sold at the market rate when needed, rather than hoard money that may lose its value over time. In the current global economic crisis, the women of the Middle East may have acted wisely. It is interesting to note that the value jewelry is directly related to the weight of a piece's silver content and seen simply as a commodity. And because of this, a large part of the Middle East's economy does not revolve around official banks, but rather dances around the wrists of its women.
Sigrid van Roode is a heritage consultant. She has been collecting and researching traditional silver jewelry from the Middle East and North Africa for almost two decades. Her study into this jewelry is presented in lectures, articles, the full-color book Desert Silver and an informative website
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William Kurelek's Huronia Mission Paintings
This volume presents a biographical synopsis of Kurelek's life and work, to better place each of the 21 paintings in the perspective of the artist's temperament. Each reproduction is followed by a commentary that is a highly informative blend of aesthetics, history, theology, linguistics, geography, and ethnography. The result is a sustained meditation on what actually transpired between the Hurons, Iroquois, and the eight French missionaries who were destined for martyrdom. This volume provides a valuable effort to enter into the vision of Christianity which animates the pictures themselves, and to account for what Kurelek was able to portray about the daily life and spiritual vision of the Jesuits and their companions, about the Hurons and the Iroquois. This book will be a useful introduction to the Christian experiment that was Huronia, and an initial interpretation of Kurelek's paintings. This volume combines an historian's objectivity, a scholar's criticism, and an art lover's enthusiasm.
"... brings together two discerning contemporary chroniclers of the lives of St. Jean [de Brébeuf] and his companions: painter William Kurelek and historian Michael Pomedli.... Professor Pomedli's witness takes the form of narrative commentaries on each of Kurelek's plates, which serve at once to retell the story of St. Jean de Brébeuf and to a lesser extent William Kurelek, and to provide an historical overlay drawing into high relief the complete circumstances, flora and climate, theology and interpretation, event and culture as well as names and dates, of the Huron and Jesuit encounter.... the book is nicely presented and sensitively argued." - The BC Catholic
ISBN10: 0-7734-9731-5 ISBN13: 978-0-7734-9731-3 Pages: 196 Year: 1991


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insideHPC reader Sharan Kalwani sent us this pointer to a really cool application of the HPC resources at the EPCC, Edinburgh's supercomputing center. Researchers at the Building Research Establishment instrumented a mock apartment and set a fire so they could closely observe what happened as the fire burned and judge the effectiveness of an HPC-based numerical system called FireGrid that could eventually be used in real time by fire fighting teams:
A key element of FireGrid is its predictive capability, and this functionality was delivered using a fire/structure/egress code called K-CRISP, which ran faster than real time (or what its developers called "super-real time") on a remote high performance computing (HPC) system, and was accessed over the Internet using grid protocols….K-CRISP was employed to predict both structural collapse and flash-over. To improve the reliability of model predictions, real-time data was assimilated into the computation at regular intervals. To ensure that the simulations were completed rapidly enough to be of use to firefighters in predicting what would happen next, K-CRISP was parallelized following the Task Farm paradigm, in which each slave ran a serial simulation of the fire, and where interprocess communication was handled via the file system.


text:
|Pollution concentrations recorded by the LAQN analysers have been classified according to Defra's
Air Pollution Index system. This classes levels into bands from 'low' to'very high'. Each band is subdivided into three to produce
an Air Pollution Index, from 1 to 10, 1 being 'low', 10 being'very high'. Measurements are rounded to the nearest whole number. The concentrations are classified according to
the table above. Note that different pollutants have different concentrations and averaging periods, related to the
estimated health effects of each.


text: Yawed flow conditions introduce unsteady loads in a wind turbine that affect generated power quality and fatigue life. An unsteady phenomenon of special concern is dynamic stall, due to the significant load fluctuations associated with it. Although the assumptions underlying blade element momentum (BEM) models are totally inadequate in yawed flow conditions, these models, modified with engineering models, are still widely used in industry. It is therefore relevant to assess the capabilities of BEM models in predicting the location of dynamic stall on the blade for a rotor in yawed flow conditions. A rotor model is placed in an open jet wind tunnel and tested in yawed flow conditions. The locations of dynamic stall on the blade of a rotor model as a function of the blade position are observed. Two experimental techniques are used; tufts glued to the blade and hot-film anemometry in the near wake. The results from the two techniques are compared and possible causes for differences are identified. Furthermore, the rotor model in yaw is modeled with a simple BEM model, utilizing a Gormont dynamic stall model. The regions of dynamic stall on the blades predicted by the BEM model are compared with the experimental results. The BEM model seems capable of a crude prediction of the dynamic stall locations found for the rotor model in yawed flow conditions.


text:
A modern dictionary of Catholic terms, both common and obscure. Find accurate definitions of words and phrases.
INCREASE OF MERIT
Factors that increase a person's supernatural reward for good works performed in the state of grace. There are four such factors: 1. the degree of sanctifying grace in which a person does some morally good action; 2. the intensity of will with which an act is done; 3. the sublimity of the action performed; and 4. the purity of love or selflessness that animates the performance. Difficulties of themselves do not increase supernatural merit, but, provided that a difficulty is not culpable, it normally demands additional effort of will and thus indirectly adds to the merit derived from a morally good act done in the state of grace.
All items in this dictionary are from Fr. John Hardon's Modern Catholic Dictionary, © Eternal Life. Used with permission.


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During this unit, we have focused on strategies for transforming the organization's culture to be conducive for diversity and inclusion. For this assignment, you will use the results from your….
Academic Resilience in Homeless and Highly Mobile Children
There are three essay questions, you must answer them all! No outside research is necessary.
REMINDER: I am not accepting late essay exams – Plan accordingly!
1. Resilience and Juvenile Justice (8 points)
In this essay, you will pretend that you are the newly hired Chief Probation Officer for San Francisco County in their department of Juvenile Justice. You have been tasked with designing an evidence-based intervention program to address the challenges faced by youth currently served by the San Francisco County Juvenile Justice system. Because mental health issues are significant contributer to entry to the Juvenile Justice system, as well as to repeat offending, you will want to tailor your intervention program to address mental health needs (see the NCCP report on San Francisco youth for additional demographic and mental health information).
You will draw on risk factors indicated by Burt, Simmons, and Gibbons (2012), and use information from Ungar (2005) and Lee et al. (2013) to design an intervention. Specifically, your intervention should reduce the three major risk factors (associated with discrimination), as well as the risk for future offending, described by Burt et al., (2012) by using intervention strategies described by Lee et al. (2013) for youth with severe emotional and behavioral problems combined with points made by Ungar (2005) about more effective ways to provide services to at-risk youth.
This essay should be detailed enough that your intervention plan could be easily put into action fairly quickly. Thus, you will want to clearly identify how each risk factor will be reduced (intervention), how service will be delivered (by who, where, how often, how long, etc.), and how the overall service delivery system will be updated to better addres the needs of youth in the system. You will also need to use the data/information in these three articles to demonstrate that your intervention is likely to be effective (i.e., that it is evidence based).
2. Academic Resilience in Homeless and Highly Mobile Children (8 points)
As was found in the study by Cutuli et al. (2013), about 45% the children who were homeless or highly mobile showed academic resilience. However, as also noted by Cutuli and colleagues, there is little information about how these children end up being academcially resilient in the face of severe adversity. In this essay, you will be exploring potential ways to promote academic resilience in homeless and highly mobile children.
Begin by listing and describing possible factors in homeless and highly mobile children's lives that place them at risk for poor developmental, especially academic, outcomes. You may draw on both Cutuli et al. (2013) and Edwards et al. (2007) for data on risk for academic failure.
Next, explore the prevention framework for students at risk of failure described by Edwards et al., (2007). Specifically, take an educated guess and describe what internal and external developmental assets may be at play in academically resilient homeless and highly mobile children. Explain why you think these assets may be promoting resilience in these children.
Finally, develop an intervention plan to promote at least six developmental assets (three internal and three external assets) in homeless and highly mobile children who are not showing academic resilience. Be specific, describe each asset, why you chose it (i.e., cite and discuss Edward's et al., 2007) and how you will ensure that homeless/highly mobile children develop the internal assets/have access to the external assets.
3. Designing an Effective Resource for Teachers of At-Risk Adolescents (14 points)
Begin by watching this (20 minute) video that profiles a range of at-risk adolescents produced by the National Institutes of Health and the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development: _URL_
Teachers are often the professionals who first notice an at-risk adolescent or notice that an at-risk adolescent is heading toward very serious negative outcomes. In other words, they often are the "first responders" for youth like those described in the video. However, teachers rarely know about available resources to assist the adolescent. They also rarely have enough knowledge about risk and protective factors to make informed decisions about appropriate options to help the child.
The goal of this essay is to design an on-line resource for teachers to help them make informed decisions about how to help at-risk adolescents, like those in the video, and that they see in their classrooms on a daily basis. (You do not need to design the website, just describe the content you would put there). The information you provide should include the following:
A. Choose one type of risk to focus on by addressing the issues faced by one of the youth in the video (don't pick the first one, watch the entire video). (You can assume your website will have tabs for variety of issues, but to simplify this essay, you will create a page in the website for a specific risk issue). Describe the youth you selected and the issues that youth faces – case studies are often good ways to illustrate problems.
B. Choose an appropriate developmental theory or framework (see the "Developmental Theory" overview posted with the essay questions or use any of the articles assigned to date to help you). Describe the theory/framework you chose and why that is a good theory/framework to use for this risk issue.
C. Present information about risk and resilience in general, drawing on: Fraser, Kirby, and Smokowski, (2004); Vanderbilt-Adriance and Shaw, (2008a); and Luthar, Sawyer, and Brown, (2006). The goal is to provide teachers with an overview of (or basic information about) risk factors, risk chains, protective factors, protective chains, and how to best promote resilience in at-risk youth.
D. Provide teachers with at least one website that can provide them with expert advice related to the issue you are focusing on. List the website (name, URL) and provide a three or four sentence summary of why the website is likely to be helpful; describing its mission, objectivity, credibility, expertise, and evidence of the effectiveness of its advice. In this section, you also should explain how/why and the extent to which the website avoids Hoffman's major critiques of modern sources of parenting advice.
E. Conclude this essay with some tips to help teachers create a classroom based prevention program for socially vulnerable children/adolescents. You should draw on Richaud (2013) to guide your development of these tips.
BE CONCISE, ESSAY #3 SHOULD NOT EXCEED FIVE (5) PAGES
Please Note; For essay #3 you will need the following two items to help you write the essay:
What We Offer:
- On-time delivery guarantee
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Wikimedia:Statement of Principles
Grupo de Usuários Wiki Movimento Brasil
Ir para navegação Ir para pesquisar
Português Flag of Brazil.svg
Collaborative efforts for free knowledge
The vision of a world in which every single individual can freely share in the sum of all knowledge inspires the creation of collaborative efforts which recognize collaborative production as a tool and the freedom of knowledge as a requirement to realize that vision.
1. On the Adherence to these collaborative efforts[editar]
Membership, though tacit, to this Statement of Principles is a condition to participate as a volunteer in these collaborative efforts.
2. On the Values of these collaborative efforts[editar]
Volunteers in these collaborative efforts share the following values:
 1. The dream of union takes precedence over the initiative to avert;
 2. The gesture of sharing takes precedence over the interest in appropriating;
 3. The freedom to create takes precedence over the possibility of control;
 4. The will to listen takes precedence over the act of speaking;
 5. The challenge of understanding takes precedence over the opportunity to criticize.
3. On the Principles adopted by these collaborative efforts[editar]
These collaborative efforts adopt and respect the following principles:
3.1 Freedom[editar]
To use, to modify, to copy and to distribute forms of knowledge.
3.2 Accessibility and quality[editar]
So that everyone can contribute to and benefit from knowledge.
3.3 Openness and autonomy[editar]
Of participation to everyone who adopts this Statement of Principles, condition both necessary and sufficient.
3.4 Independence[editar]
In its relationships, including financial, whether they are with institutions, groups or individuals.
3.5 Transparency[editar]
Total, unconditional, permanent, objective and facilitated.
4. On these collaborative efforts[editar]
The volunteers of these collaborative efforts shall:
Organize open spaces to debate, to design proposals, to articulate actions and exchange experiences among volunteers interested in supporting initiatives that promote collaborative productions of free knowledge serving the harmonious development of humanity.
Articulate with independence self-managed initiatives which can count on autonomous collaboration from volunteers and both public, private and civil society organizations.
Continuously engage and empower its volunteers on conducting initatives that promote collaborative productions of free knowledge in Brazil.
Always be open to the plurality and diversity of initiatives and actions from volunteers that act respectfully and in a civilized manner, but, above all, that believe in the good faith of the others, because this is a fundamental attitude in any collaborative environment.
4.1 Responsibilities[editar]
The volunteers and other parties in the initiatives of these collaborative efforts shall watch over:
Contributing for a world in which every single individual can freely share in the sum of all knowledge.
Honoring the agreed commitments and only commit to what they're capable of accomplishing.
Identifying, discussing and acting on situations, present or potential, which disrespect the principles and values of this Statement.


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When it comes to establishing a unique and captivating brand, every visual element plays a crucial role. From your logo to the colors you choose, every detail contributes to the overall impression your brand leaves on its audience. One of the most effective ways to enhance your brand's visual presence is by utilizing stock photos that harmonize with your brand's identity and messaging. Here are some tips and tricks to help you create a perfect union between your brand and stock photos:
1. Know Your Brand's Personality
Before diving into the vast world of stock photos, take a moment to reflect on your brand's personality. Is it playful and energetic, or is it sophisticated and professional? Understanding your brand's essence will guide you in selecting stock photos that resonate with your target audience and align with your brand's character.
2. Align with Your Brand's Values and Message
Stock photos can be a powerful tool for communicating your brand's values and message visually. Choose images that convey the right emotions and portray the ideals your brand stands for. For example, if your brand focuses on sustainability, incorporating images of nature or eco-friendly practices can reinforce your commitment to the environment.
3. Consistency is Key
A cohesive visual identity is crucial for brand recognition. When selecting stock photos, be mindful of maintaining a consistent style across your website, social media, and other marketing materials. Consistency in color schemes, image composition, and overall aesthetics will help your brand appear polished and professional.
4. Think Beyond Literal Representations
Consider using stock photos that evoke emotions or concepts rather than literal representations. Abstract images or photos with symbolic elements can spark curiosity and create a lasting impact on your audience. By moving away from traditional clichés, you can bring a fresh perspective to your brand's visual storytelling.
5. Customize to Make It Your Own
Many stock photo websites offer editing capabilities, allowing you to tailor the images to fit your brand's unique style even further. With simple modifications like cropping, adjusting color tones, or adding overlays, you can enhance the visual coherence between your brand and the selected stock photos.
6. Don't Overdo It
While stock photos can undoubtedly elevate your brand's appeal, it's essential not to rely too heavily on them. Balance is key, and incorporating authentic, original visuals alongside stock photos can create a more genuine and relatable brand image. Custom photoshoots or user-generated content can provide an added layer of authenticity to your brand's visual repertoire.
Remember, stock photos are a fantastic resource for supporting your brand's visual narrative, but they should never define your entire brand identity. By carefully selecting and harmonizing stock photos with your brand's personality, values, and message, you can create a consistent and captivating visual experience that resonates with your audience.


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My research interest is
to develop separation methods to characterize complex polymeric
materials. An effective separation method should be able to separate the
material based on the property we want to study. The retention time can
thus be used as a good evaluation of the material on this property. The
hyphenation of an absolute detector with
the separation unit can provide more information about the sample and
help to identify the non-idealities in the separation. The separation
method should be thus compatible to the absolute detector.
We developed a method
to use thermal field-flow fractionation (ThFFF) hyphenated with
multi-angle laser light scattering photometer (MALS) to characterize MW
distribution of microgels. Microgels are high MW components present in
paints, rubbers, and adhesives. ThFFF provides a non-gel based
separation which does not suffer from sample lost and degradation. The
hyphenation of the MALS to the ThFFF measured the mass of the
fractionated components, which overcame the non-ideal retention problem
encountered when dealing with complex samples.
We also developed a
method to characterize the trace impurities present in the non-ionic
surfactants. The column was overloaded in order to observe the trace
amount of the impurities. The impurities were eluted at near critical
condition. The identification of the impurities was successfully carried
out using MALDI/TOF to measure the accurate mass of the separated
components. The separated components yielded clean mass spectra, which
allowed elucidating the mass peaks without ambiguity.
We are currently
working on the separation of grafted copolymer. The goal is to be able
to characterize the grafting density distribution and/or chemical
composition distribution. A polymer gradient elution method is under
currently working with Dow Chemical in Michigan.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Is there a proved result that establishes the status of the following.
Are there infinitely many primes in the progression
$a + qb$ where $(a,b) = 1$, not both odd, and $q$ ranges over all primes?
This is apparently stronger than Dirichlet's theorem.
I may well be very interested in special cases.
Thank you!
share|improve this question
If $a,b$ are odd, then $q$ has to be even, so... – Andres Caicedo Jan 16 '13 at 7:11
Thanks for the reply. Well spotted. :) – J.H. Jan 16 '13 at 7:20
1 Answer 1
up vote 6 down vote accepted
Even in the two simplest cases this isn't known: note that the case $a=1, b=2$ is just asking whether there are infinitely many twin primes. Similarly, the case $b=2, a=1$ asks for primes $p$ such that $2p+1$ is also prime; these are known as Sophie Germain primes and their infinitude is an open question.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


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What is SMART?SMART (Standardized Monitoring and Assessment of Relief and Transitions) is an inter-agency initiative launched in 2002 by a network of organizations and humanitarian practitioners.
SMART Methodology is an improved survey method for the assessment of severity of a humanitarian crisis based on the two most vital public health indicators:
- Nutritional status of children under-five.
- Mortality rate of the population.
SMART NewsUPCOMING SMART TRAINING: An inter-agency training will take place in Madrid on June 17th-21st, 2013, intended for European-based headquarter staff involved in nutrition and mortality surveys. Please make sure you have filled out the pre-questionnaire no later than Friday, May 24th, 2013: _URL_
Preparing survey teams in SMART
The SMART standardized survey methodology incorporates elements of nutrition, mortality, and food security for emergencies or surveillance purposes. It was developed to be used with the user-friendly ENA software.
The SMART manual provides agencies & field workers with basic tools to collect data necessary for planning direct interventions in emergency settings, as well as for surveillance.
Standardized Training Package (STP)
The STP harmonizes the procedures and tools used throughout the survey process and is broken down into 9 modules.
Emergency Nutrition Assessment (ENA) Software
ENA software is the user-friendly analytical program recommended by SMART. It saves time and effort by simplifying both survey planning and data collection via integrated calculators.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
class A { public: int a;};
class B: public A {
 int c;
 int d;
int main() {
 A* pA = new B[10];
 B* pB = new B[10];
 printf("\n%d", pA->a);
 printf("\n%d", pA->a); // prints junk value
 printf("\n\n%d", pB->a);
 printf("\n%d", pB->a);
 return 0;
The second printf prints a junk value.
It should figure that it is pointing to an object of type B and increment by the sizof(B).
Why does that not happen?
share|improve this question
Arrays of polymorphic objects is always a red flag. I've never needed to do it in production code and it is very error prone, so I would almost universally say don't do it. An array of pointers to polymorphic objects is fine though. – deft_code May 20 '10 at 0:47
7 Answers 7
up vote 7 down vote accepted
It can only know that at runtime. Imagine it slightly changed
A* a;
 a = new A[10];
 a = new B[10];
But that's not going to happen. C++ puts emphasize in speed, but this would basically make it into a language that ensures safety of operations. There is Java, C# and others that already solve this.
Kernel and device driver developers don't want a clever language runtime. They just want to have things run fast.
Have a look at Common undefined behavior in C++ question for all the things that will need to get "fixed" along. It won't be C++ anymore!
share|improve this answer
It's not purely about speed either -- if I'm writing (for example) an arbitrary looking set of bits to create a structure for an MMU, things will break if the run-time suddenly decides react on the assumption that the bit-pattern I've written means the memory really contains some other type than what I've said it does. – Jerry Coffin May 19 '10 at 18:55
_USER_ yes that in addition. Good point. – Johannes Schaub - litb May 19 '10 at 18:58
Whilst what you say is true about runtime behaviour, the example in the OP could have been caught at compile time if the type returned by new[] wasn't a pointer to an object, but a pointer to an array of objects. The same goes for the compiler tracking use of delete[] on pointers to arrays. Both are completely checkable at compile time, if you are willing to trade away backwards compatibility with C's degrading of arrays to pointers. – Pete Kirkham May 19 '10 at 19:18
_USER_ Kirkham: I agree, but that would only be possible with arrays of compile-time size. – AndreyT May 19 '10 at 20:18
"if you are willing to trade away backwards compatibility with C's degrading of arrays to pointers" - and introduce a variable-length-array type. Which is doable (C99 did it, to some extent), but isn't as straightforward as you'd hope, since it requires special-casing various parts of the standard. For example, "sizeof is evaluated at compile time (except for variable-length arrays)". – Steve Jessop May 19 '10 at 20:22
No it shouldn't. The declared type of pA is A*, so it is incremented by sizeof(A), which leaves it pointing to the middle of the first B in the array.
share|improve this answer
The reason it's fragile is that you're side-stepping everything it does to try to keep you safe. Until you're sufficiently experienced to know why these problems are arising, and how to avoid them, you should:
 1. Forget that printf exists. Use std::cout instead.
 2. Forget that new exists. Use std::vector instead.
You should probably also read the C++ FAQ, and pay close attention to the part that says something to the effect that: "Even if an X is a Y, an array of X is not an array of Y."
Edit: As to why you're seeing the behavior you are, it's pretty simple: pointer arithmetic is defined in terms of the static type, not the dynamic type. That means it's based entirely on the type of pointee you defined for the pointer, NOT what it's pointing at. If you say it's pointing at an A, but then point it at a B, the arithmetic will still be done as if it was pointing at an A as you said it would.
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Using a vector instead of an array would prevent him from doing the invalid cast, but using output streams wouldn't be any safer than printf here. Using standard library is a components is a compliment, not a substitute, for understanding the basics of the language. – Alan May 19 '10 at 18:57
_USER_: while it's true that printf didn't cause this particular problem, it's still rarely a good thing to use in C++. I don't advocate anything as a substitute for understanding, but I do advocate following reasonable rules until you do understand well enough to know when to break them. – Jerry Coffin May 19 '10 at 19:04
in response to your part 2 -> why doesn't there exist an auto_ptr<> style RAII idiom where you simply have { new_ptr obj; Type* t1 = obj.get(); } I really don't want vector semantics for a single pointer value. – Chris Kaminski Jun 2 '10 at 18:24
_USER_: there are a couple of things like that (including auto_ptr, unique_ptr, and shared_ptr). The number stems (mostly) from different ideas of what such a thing should really do. Most of the time, you're better off just using an object directly though. – Jerry Coffin Jun 2 '10 at 18:56
what I mean is that want something like this: new_ptr obj; instead of auto_ptr ptr(new Type);. I don't EVER want to use operator new directly. – Chris Kaminski Jun 3 '10 at 2:20
Pointer a points to an object that has static type A and dynamic type B. Pointer arithmetic in C++ works in terms of static type. So, from the point of view of pointer arithmetic, a points to an object of type A.
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the objects have no record of what or how large they are, it's just allocated memory. The only way the compiler knows how to treat the object at the pointer memory, is by looking at the pointer type. So based on pointer A*, it will only assume an object of sizeof(A).
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For reasons of compatibility with C arrays degrade to pointers. The type of B[10] may degrade to B*, and inheritance means that the assignment of a pointer to B to a variable of type A* is valid.
You then increment the value of this pointer, which adds the size of A to its address.
However, your assumption that incrementing a pointer is a valid operation if the pointer is not pointing to an array of elements of the type of the pointer is not correct.
If you try and combine the parts of C++ which are there so it behaves like C with the more strongly typed OO features, the looser typing in the C parts defeats the stronger typing in the C++ parts. It's best to keep them separate, or at least document the expected behaviours.
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You're incremeneting the variable a, which is a locally declared pointer of A objects. That's the same as saying a=a+sizeof(A).
Since sizeof(B)>sizeof(A), you end up pointing into the middle of the first object. When C++ then adds the appropriate offset, it'll end up reading the c field of the first B object. That happens to be unitialized memory, containing "junk".
share|improve this answer
i think you mean sizeof(B) > sizeof(A) – Marlon May 19 '10 at 19:21
_USER_: Yes, of course. Thanks for noticing. – Michael Madsen May 19 '10 at 19:49
Your Answer


text:
posted by Alyssa.
A 346 kg merry-go-round in the shape of a
horizontal disk with a radius of 1.7 m is set in
motion by wrapping a rope about the rim of
the disk and pulling on the rope.
How large a torque would have to be exerted to bring the merry-go-round from rest
to an angular speed of 4.7 rad/s in 3.4 s?
angular acceleration = a = 4.7/3.4 = 1.38 radians/s^2
I = (1/2)mr^2 = (1/2)346(1.7^2) = 500kg m^2
Torque = I a = 500 (1.38) = 690 Nm


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Home > Devastate in a sentence
Devastate in a sentence
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Sentence count:34Posted:2016-12-14Updated:2016-12-14
Synonym: destroyruinwreckSimilar words: devastatingstateestatereinstatestatementnation-statechief of statestate of affairsMeaning: ['devəsteɪt] v. 1. devastate or ravage 2. overwhelm or overpower.
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1. Disapproval would at first enrage and then devastate him, and these warning messages apparently arrived visually.
2. And without it, a trade war could devastate already shaky world economies.
3. The Eclipse was also intended to devastate entire worlds.
4. Earthquakes can also cause tsunamis, which devastate coastal regions.
5. What exactly happens when I hit the Devastate button?
6. In what ways is Devastate better than Sunder Armor?
7. They intended to devastate the town at one stroke.
8. The Maoists, however, have done more to devastate schooling.
9. Devastate damage - per - sunder increased to 35.
10. Situations that would devastate others may be dealt with in constructive ways.
11. Devastate deals more damage ( and threat ) as your gear improves.
12. A fire or blood devastate and precious paper - historical documents completely.
13. Devastate damage ( and threat ) benefits from damage - increasing talents.
14. Devastate can crit and therefore generate added threat from the extra damage.
15. Corruption, organized crime[Sentence dictionary], and terrorist activities threaten to devastate the process.
16. This September I was invited to devastate the moors of a friend in the north.
17. Oil spills devastate the natural environment, endanger public health, imperil drinking water and disrupt the economy.
18. Historically, governments feared opium because they saw it devastate China.
19. Does Devastate generate more threat per hit than Sunder Armor?
20. In India, massive habitat loss continues to devastate Bengal tiger populations.
21. Critics say it's encroaching on the green belt and would devastate local villages.
22. Because his mockery or contempt on top of everything else would devastate her.
23. There is in fact an optimum height for airbursts, at which they devastate the maximum amount of area on the surface.
24. Tourist souvenirs like furs, ivory, animal skins, coral necklaces and shells can devastate wildlife.
25. Even a modest aerial explosion like the fifteen-megaton Tunguska event would utterly devastate a modern city.
26. Is there any reason at all to use Sunder Armor when you have Devastate?
27. The best plan is a broad plan, so that a failure devastate.
28. Any prolonged injury to Rooney or Saha, in particular, would devastate United.
29. The Lurker focuses on spies, cloaks and subterfuge to devastate opponents.
30. The upshot is that we're horrifyingly nonchalant at the prospect that rising carbon emissions may devastate our favorite planet.
More similar words: devastatingstateestatereinstatestatementnation-statechief of statestate of affairscrevassevastdeviateevacuateevaluatestatusstatuestaticpastastatutea stageecstaticcast awaycoastalstaticallystatus quostatutorycast aboutstatisticscast asidestatisticalcast about for
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text:
Many thanks to Abdul Hassan Rubel, Executive Director and Principal, Amader Pathshala, Dhaka, Bangladesh, in giving me space and time to work with the children of the school. Lastly, a big thank you to Ms. Jarin Shetu for assisting me throughout the workshop.
Amader Pathshala School is a social initiative for quality education of underprivileged children aged 4-16 years. It aims to deliver education, appropriate to their socio-economic condition and cultural background. They focus on creating lessons that interest the youth population. It also aims to support them in finding avenues to continue their studies. The initiative is privately funded and the donations are used directly for the students' education.
I designed, implemented, and conducted a one-day workshop that was rotated between three classes (due to space limitations). The workshop concentrated on the theme of 'Happiness' – something that the children witnessed in their lives or would foresee for themselves. There were three groups of students from Grade 4-8 who were simultaneously given the task to draw what they considered 'happy' in their lives. Warm-up exercises were initially directed to bring focus to the group and provide them a common platform to generate awareness through rhythm and movement.
For more information about the school, please follow the link:


Ask coding questions
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why does it keep skipping portions of code?
plant3jyyehejy (16)
the last function is a menu for a logging system that im working on, after creating an account the user can log in but when you enter your password to login it just says invalid input, there is only 1 invalid input at the end of menu and it doesnt look for the username/password input.
ive asked my comp teacher and they are just as confused as i am because there is no break in the lines that im talking about
(functions menu and loginmenu


text:
Children with autism love their moms, but they might have trouble having a decent conversation with them.
Even the most intelligent children with autism spectrum disorders can find it extremely challenging and frustrating to have a conversation with family members. Getting ready for Mother's Day, I designed two detailed worksheets to help kids talk with their mothers. (Lots of kids without autism have this problem too! Feel free to share with typical kids as well.)
How to print the worksheets:
Click on each image. Wait a moment for it to open in another window. Print. The images will be much easier to see if you print in color.
How to use worksheet number 1:
Introduce using words like this: "Everyone has their own separate mind. Each person has things they like and things they don't care for. We are going to use worksheets and practice conversations to figure out how to have a good conversation with your mom. Your mom might like some things that you also like. She will certainly like a lot of things that you don't care about at all."
Alternative: Have the child interview his mother to find out what she likes.
Worksheet 2: Questions, Comments and Friendly Comments.
(This worksheet is derived from my Green Zone Curriculum, a kit of conversation starter materials for kids with ASD that includes a photo matching game, two workbooks and a set of illustrated slides.) You should explain that these three categories of things to say are really important in conversation. Practice saying them together out loud. Demonstrate how each is used in conversation.
Using the worksheets together in role play practice:
You (teacher, therapist, SLP) can pretend to be the child's mother. You can hold the two worksheets facing the child while the child practices talking with you.
The best way to use the worksheets, of course, is with the actual mother present.
Note: Many children do not live with their mothers. If you are using these in a class, alter the worksheets as needed for grandmothers or other female guardians.
I hope you enjoy the worksheets, and I hope the autistic children you work with will benefit from using them.
Joel Shaul, LCSW


text:
Turn Your Bags and Bottles Into Oil
- 9:00 AM
Plastic shopping bags are, of course, made of plastic, which is made from petroleum. A Japanese inventor has figured out how to convert them into fuel.
The gadget essentially melts plastic bags and bottles and condenses the vapors into crude oil that can be used for home heating, according to PhysOrg.com. The process takes about an hour and emits water vapor and CO2.
A power plant in the Washington, D.C., area is testing similar technology but on a far larger scale. The machine offered by Blest Corp. is believed to be the first developed for home use. The company offers it in three sizes, from a small desktop model (shown) to a 5,000-pounder capable of producing 5 kilos of oil an hour.
The machine works with polypropylene, polyethylene and polystyrene. Blest says it can convert two pounds of plastic into one quart of oil using one kilowatt-hour of energy. The crude oil can be further refined into gasoline, but you'll need another machine — sold by Blest, of course.
At $10,000, the machine certainly isn't cost effective, but the company hopes to bring costs down as demand rises.
Photo: Blest Corp.


. successor attribute (successorAttribute?ATTR1?ATTR2) means that?ATTR2 is the Attribute that comes immediately after?ATTR1 on the scale that they share. successor attribute closure The transitive closure of successorAttribute. (successorAttributeClosure?ATTR1?ATTR2) means that there is a chain of successorAttribute assertions connecting?ATTR1 and?ATTR2. superficial part (superficialPart?OBJ1?OBJ2) means that?OBJ1 is a part of?OBJ2 that has no interior parts of its own (or, intuitively, that only overlaps those parts of?OBJ2 that are externally connected with the mereological complement of?OBJ2). This too is a transitive relation closed under MereologicalSumFn and MereologicalProductFn. surface (surface?OBJ1?OBJ2) means that?OBJ1 is a maximally connected superficialPart of?OBJ2. Note that some SelfConnectedObjects have more than one surface, e.g. a hollow object like a tennis ball has both an inner and an outer surface. system part (systemPart?PART?SYSTEM) means that the Physical thing?PART is a SystemElement in the PhysicalSystem?SYSTEM. task (task?Process?Task) means that?Task is a function to be performed by the ComputerProcess?Process. temporal part The temporal analogue of the spatial part predicate. (temporalPart?POS1?POS2) means that TimePosition?POS1 is part of TimePosition?POS2. Note that since temporalPart is a ReflexiveRelation every TimePostion is a temporalPart of itself. time This relation holds between an instance of Physical and an instance of TimePosition just in case the temporal lifespan of the former includes the latter. In other words, (time?THING?TIME) means that?THING existed or occurred at?TIME. Note that time does for instances of Physical what holdsDuring does for instances of Formula. The constants located and time are the basic spatial and temporal predicates, respectively. transported (transported?EVENT?OBJ) means that?OBJ is transported (carried/moved to a different physical location) in the Transportation?EVENT. traverses (traverses?OBJ1?OBJ2) means that?OBJ1 crosses or extends across?OBJ2. Note that crosses and penetrates are subrelations of traverses. typical part An instance of the first argument is typically found as part of an instance of the second argument. This is a class-level relation roughly corresponding to part. Note that this does not imply that such wholes typically have such parts. typically contains part An instance of the second argument typically contains an instance of the first argument. This is a class-level relation roughly corresponding to part. Note that this does not imply that such parts typically have such wholes. uses (uses?OBJECT AGENT) means that?OBJECT is used by?AGENT as an instrument in an unspecified Process. This Predicate, as its corresponding axiom indicates, is a composition of the CaseRoles agent and instrument. wants (wants?AGENT?OBJECT) means that?OBJECT is desired by?AGENT, i.e.?AGENT believes that?OBJECT will satisfy one of its goals. Note that there is no implication that what is wanted by an agent is not already possessed by the agent. width BinaryPredicate that is used to state the measure of an Object from side to side at its widest span. abstract Properties or qualities as distinguished from any particular embodiment of the properties/qualities in a physical medium. Instances of Abstract can be said to exist in the same sense as mathematical objects such as sets and relations, but they cannot exist at a particular place and time without some physical encoding or embodiment. agent Something or someone that can act on its own and produce changes in the world. Instances of AgentPatientProcess have at least one agent and at least one patient. Unlike instances of IntentionalProcess, the agent need not be a CognitiveAgent. Cf. other high-level subclasses of Process, such as DualObjectProcess, InternalChange, and Motion. agreement Agreement is the class of Propositions that express the contents of agreements entered into by CognitiveAgents. Agreement includes treaties, contracts, purchase orders, pledges, marriage vows, etc. An Agreement may be written down in a document or other ContentBearingObject. angle measure The value of an angle in a plane or in a solid. area measure Measures of the amount of space in two dimensions. argument Any proposition which has the form of a deductive or inductive argument, i.e. a set of premises which, it is claimed, imply a conclusion. artifact An Object that is the product of a Making. attribute Qualities which we cannot or choose not to reify into subclasses of Object. biologically active substance A Substance that is capable of inducing a change in the structure or functioning of an Organism. This Class includes Substances used in the treatment, diagnosis, prevention or analysis of normal and abnormal body function. This Class also includes Substances that occur naturally in the body and are administered therapeutically. Finally, BiologicallyActiveSubstance includes Nutrients, most drugs of abuse, and agents that require special handling because of their toxicity. body motion Any Motion where the agent is an Organism and the patient is a BodyPart. body substance Extracellular material and mixtures of cells and extracellular material that are produced, excreted or accreted by an Organism. Included here are Substances such as saliva, dental enamel, sweat, hormones, and gastric acid. bubble A globe which has a Liquid surface and which contains a Gas. class Classes differ from Sets in three important respects. First, Classes are not assumed to be extensional. That is, distinct Classes might well have exactly the same instances. Second, Classes typically have an associated 'condition' that determines the instances of the Class. So, for example, the condition 'human' determines the Class of Humans. Note that some Classes might satisfy their own condition (e.g., the Class of Abstract things is Abstract) and hence be instances of themselves. Third, the instances of a class may occur only once within the class, i.e. a class cannot contain duplicate instances. A ClassificationScheme is a conceptual structure, an abstract arrangement of concepts and the relations that link them. cognitive agent A SentientAgent with responsibilities and the ability to reason, deliberate, make plans, etc. This is essentially the legal/ethical notion of a person. Note that, although Human is a subclass of CognitiveAgent, there may be instances of CognitiveAgent which are not also instances of Human. For example, chimpanzees, gorillas, dolphins, whales, and some extraterrestrials (if they exist) may be CognitiveAgents. collection Collections have members like Classes, but, unlike Classes, they have a position in space-time and members can be added and subtracted without thereby changing the identity of the Collection. Some examples are toolkits, football teams, and flocks of sheep. conductor substance A Substance that readily conducts electricity. constant quantity A ConstantQuantity is a PhysicalQuantity that has a constant value, e.g. 3 Meters and 5 HourDurations. The magnitude (see MagnitudeFn) of every ConstantQuantity is a RealNumber. ConstantQuantity is distinguished from FunctionQuantity, in that each instance of the latter is formed through the mapping of one PhysicalQuantity to another PhysicalQuantity. Each instance of ConstantQuantity is expressed with the BinaryFunction MeasureFn, which takes a Number and a UnitOfMeasure as arguments. For example, 3 Meters is expressed as (MeasureFn 3 Meter). Instances of ConstantQuantity form a partial order (see PartialOrderingRelation) with the lessThan relation, since lessThan is a RelationExtendedToQuantities and lessThan is defined over the RealNumbers. The lessThan relation is not a total order (see TotalOrderingRelation) over the class ConstantQuantity since elements of some subclasses of ConstantQuantity (such as length quantities) are incomparable to elements of other subclasses of ConstantQuantity (such as mass quantities). constitution The class Constitution includes the bodies of abstract principles formulated to guide the laws, institutions and practices of various Governments. Also see ConstitutionDocument. content bearing object Any SelfConnectedObject that expresses content. This content may be a Proposition, e.g. when the ContentBearingObject is a Sentence or Text, or it may be a representation of an abstract or physical object, as with an Icon, a Word or a Phrase. content bearing physical Any Object or Process that expresses content. This covers Objects that contain a Proposition, such as a book, as well as ManualSignLanguage, which may similarly contain a Proposition. content bearing process Any Process, for example ManualHumanLanguage, which may contain a Proposition. corpuscular object A SelfConnectedObject whose parts have properties that are not shared by the whole. dual object process Any Process that requires two, nonidentical patients. electrical process A Process in which electrical interactions take place electricity While electricity is typically thought of as just a difference in electrical potential, one way of modeling electricity is as a substance that can be moved from one point to another or consumed. One could make the claim that subatomic physics also supports the classification as a substance since electrons are objects. epoch An instant in time that is arbitrarily selected as a point of reference. equation a mathematical statement that two expressions are equal. flow region FlowRegion is a class of things whose boundaries are relatively stable but whose constitutive material is continuously moving through the region itself and being replaced by other, similar material. Each FlowRegion is constituted by a stream of matter moving as a whole. A FlowRegion may be liquid or gaseous. A wind may be considered as a Process or as a FlowRegion, similarly an OceanCurrent or a WaterWave. The motion process associated with a Flow


text:
Phosphoric acid in gel form is known as naval jelly, and the product has a variety of applications. Always use caution when working with naval jelly, as it is highly corrosive and caustic; use only in a well-ventilated area.
Other People Are Reading
Naval jelly is most commonly used to remove rust from iron or steel objects. Even very old, thick rust deposits can be removed with sanding or scraping, according to product websites. Naval jelly works simply by a generous application to the rust stain followed by a water rinse; if any rust remains, the procedure can be repeated, or light-gauge steel wool can be used.
Not only can naval jelly remove rust from iron and steel, but the gel can prevent the rust from forming. A thin amount should be spread over the surface of the at-risk steel or iron object and then rinsed. This process is most effective if repeated routinely.
Naval jelly can also be used to thoroughly clean iron or steel before applying paint as well as a paint preparation treatment for galvanised surfaces. The naval jelly should be applied with a paint brush or roller and left to treat the surface for up to 20 minutes. This completely cleans the surface of any rust. Since naval jelly is corrosive, if it is left on for a day or longer before it is removed, it will slightly etch the surface, creating a rougher texture that will more easily accept paint.
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text:
"To provide strategic and operational support to the University's research activities / programs, while playing a central role in facilitating University–Industry Linkages, Intellectual Property Management, Technology Transfer / Licensing and Commercialization of Research."
In pursuit of this mission, Directorate of Research, Innovation & Commercialization has the responsibility of guaranteeing that all research programs and policies reflect the core values of academic freedom, professional integrity and ethical conduct and full compliance with all policies, legal requirements and operational standards of the university.
Keeping in view of the mission, following objectives have been laid out for BIC:
- Establish and maintain a research culture at BU.
- Inculcate the spirit of innovation and entrepreneurship among BU researchers, both faculty and students.
- Ensure that the research pursued at BU has relevance to the industry, community and society.
- Commercialize R&D performed at BU.
- Promote industry focused multidisciplinary R&D.
- Promote training and education related to entrepreneurship and intellectual property.
- Be a catalyst for creation of new industries.
- Create job opportunities for BU graduates.
- Contribute towards achieving financial sustainability for BU.


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College Students Learn the Scholarly Communication Lifecycle by Doing
October 7, 2019
cover_issue_179_en_USFalvey Memorial Library recently began publishing online a new Open Access journal that highlights the intellectual contributions of student researchers, Veritas: Villanova Research Journal (VVRJ). It is the first peer-reviewed undergraduate research journal at Villanova University. It promotes investigation and discovery, the referee process, and the work of Villanova students and their faculty mentors by publishing scholarly work across all fields of study. VVRJ publishes student research that meets its standards, is authored by Villanova undergraduates or recent graduates, and promotes the pursuit of truth.
Something else that's very important about VVRJ, pronounced like verge, is that it is a collaborative effort between Villanova's Center for Research and Fellowships, the Office of the Provost and the Library. Someone from each one of these entities gave brief remarks at the launch event in the Library. Below are the slightly revised substantive thoughts I shared as the library's representative at the public launch of the journal Sept. 25, 2019.
Why the Library?
Social and cultural programming have been a large part of life in Falvey for many years, so I am not talking about this launch event.
Why is the library the appropriate platform for announcing and promoting the new student-focused Villanova research journal, Veritas?
Well, members of a scholarly community know the value of an academic library in the enterprise of knowledge creation. Learning, as we know, is not limited to the classroom. And we like to think the library is a place where scholars from any discipline feels at home exploring, discovering, collaborating and growing.
The library, however, is not just a space. Although to be sure it is a place to study, discuss ideas and even debate issues. It is perhaps more importantly people. The resources of the library are more than raw materials of latent data ready-to-hand but include the subject specialists and library support staff who assist, coach and encourage scholars and researchers. And scholars and researchers, regardless if they are faculty or students, are indigenous to the world of the academic library, and are not just visitors.
So, why the library? Because it is a clearing in the forest where language builds dwellings for thinkers. In less philosophical terms, it is a locale where every stage of the scholarly communication lifecycle can and should be supported. Especially for those who are learning to communicate as scholars.
What are the stages of scholarly communication? Data collection and analysis is the first stage. Librarians, if they are doing their jobs well, have always aided this initial step of research. Authoring, Peer Review and Publication are the middle stages of scholarly communication in which libraries have increasingly become partners with researchers. Discovery and Dissemination is the stage that closes the cycle of scholarly communication, and there too libraries have traditionally had a role.
Why the library? Because a 21st century academic library at a research institution deploys its spaces, physical and virtual, and resources including people in support of the individuals, such as the students whose work is featured in and represented by the publication of Veritas, who are learning the art of scholarly communication.
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text:
Do rebelliousness, emotional control, toughness and thrill-seeking still make up the essence of coolness?
Can performers James Dean and Miles Davis still be considered the models of cool?
Research led by a University of Rochester Medical Center psychologist and published by the Journal of Individual Differences has found the characteristics associated with coolness today are markedly different than those that generated the concept of cool.
"When I set out to find what people mean by coolness, I wanted to find corroboration of what I thought coolness was," said Ilan Dar-Nimrod, Ph.D., lead author of "Coolness: An Empirical Investigation." "I was not prepared to find that coolness has lost so much of its historical origins and meaningthe very heavy countercultural, somewhat individualistic pose I associated with cool.
"James Dean is no longer the epitome of cool," Dar-Nimrod said. "The much darker version of what coolness is still there, but it is not the main focus. The main thing is: Do I like this person? Is this person nice to people, attractive, confident and successful? That's cool today, at least among young mainstream individuals."
In research that has developed over several years, Dar-Nimrod, currently a post-doctoral fellow in the Medical Center's Department of Psychiatry, and his colleagues recruited almost 1,000 people in the Vancouver, British Columbia, area, who completed an extensive questionnaire on the attributes, behaviors and individuals they associated with the word cool.
In the journal article, the research is described as the first systematic, quantitative examination of what characteristics recur in popular understandings of the cool personality.
The researchers conducted three separate studies. In Study 1, participants generated characteristics that they perceived to be cool. In Study 2, two samples of participants rated dozens of these characteristics on two dimensions:
|Contact: Michael Wentzel|
University of Rochester Medical Center