An F/A-18 Hornet just before breaking the sound barrier. The condensation cloud surrounding the aircraft is thought to result from a sudden drop in air pressure (called the Prandtl-Glauert singularity).
In physics, acceleration is defined as the rate of change of velocity—that is, the change of velocity with time. An object is said to undergo acceleration if it is changing its speed or direction or both. A device used for measuring acceleration is called an accelerometer.
An object traveling in a straight line undergoes acceleration when its speed changes. An object traveling in a uniform circular motion at a constant speed is also said to undergo acceleration because its direction is changing.
The term "acceleration" generally refers to the change in instantaneous velocity. Given that velocity is a vector quantity, acceleration is also a vector quantity. This means that it is defined by properties of magnitude (size or measurability) and direction.
In the strict mathematical sense, acceleration can have a positive or negative value. A negative value for acceleration is commonly called deceleration.
The dimension for acceleration is length/time². In SI units, acceleration is measured in meters per second squared (m•s-²).
Acceleration is the change of velocity with time, whether the change occurs in terms of speed or direction or both. On a velocity-time graph, the acceleration at any point is given by the slope of the tangent to the curve at that point.
\vec{F} = {\mathrm{d}\vec{p} \over \mathrm{d}t}
Then, for the definition of instantaneous acceleration;
A = \lim_{dt\rightarrow 0} \frac{dv}{dt} = \frac{dv}{dt} = \frac{d}{dt}(\frac{dx}{dt}) = \frac{d^2x}{dt^2}
also \mathbf{v}=\int_0^n ({\mathrm{d}\mathbf{v} \over \mathrm{d}t})\,dt OR \mathbf{v}=\int_0^n \mathbf{a}\,dt, i.e. Velocity can be thought of as the integral of acceleration with respect to the time. (Note, this can be a definite or indefinite integration).
\mathbf{a} is the acceleration vector (as acceleration is a vector, it must be described with both a direction and a has a magnitude)
v is the velocity function
x is the position function (also known as displacement or change in position)
t is time
d is Leibniz's notation for differentiation
When velocity is plotted against time on a velocity vs. time graph, the acceleration is given by the slope, or the derivative of the graph.
If used with SI standard units (metres per second for velocity; seconds for time) this equation gives a the units of m/(s•s), or m/s² (read as "metres per second per second," or "metres per second squared").
An average acceleration, or acceleration over time, ā can be defined as:
\mathbf{\bar{a}} = {\mathbf{v} - \mathbf{u} \over t}
u is the initial velocity (m/s)
v is the final velocity (m/s)
t is the time interval (s) elapsed between the two velocity measurements (also written as "Δt")
Transverse acceleration (perpendicular to velocity), as with any acceleration which is not parallel to the direction of motion, causes change in direction. If it is constant in magnitude and changing in direction with the velocity, we get a circular motion. For this centripetal acceleration we have:
 \mathbf{a} = - \frac{v^2}{r} \frac{\mathbf{r}}{r} = - \omega^2 \mathbf{r}
One common unit of acceleration is g, one g (more specifically, gn or g 0) being the standard uniform acceleration of free fall or 9.80665 m/s², caused by the gravitational field of Earth at sea level at about 45.5° latitude.
Jerk is the rate of change of an object's acceleration over time.
In classical mechanics, acceleration a \ is related to force F \ and mass m \ (assumed to be constant) by way of Newton's second law:
\mathbf{F} = m \cdot \mathbf{a}
As a result of its invariance under the Galilean transformations, acceleration is an absolute quantity in classical mechanics.
Relation to relativity
After defining his theory of special relativity, Albert Einstein realized that forces felt by objects undergoing constant proper acceleration are indistinguishable from those in a gravitational field, and thus defined general relativity that also explained how gravity's effects could be limited by the speed of light.
If you accelerate away from your friend, you could say (given your frame of reference) that it is your friend who is accelerating away from you, although only you feel any force. This is also the basis for the popular Twin paradox, which asks why only one twin ages when moving away from his sibling at near light-speed and then returning, since the aging twin can say that it is the other twin that was moving.
General relativity solved the "why does only one object feel accelerated?" problem which had plagued philosophers and scientists since Newton's time (and caused Newton to endorse absolute space). In special relativity, only inertial frames of reference (non-accelerated frames) can be used and are equivalent; general relativity considers all frames, even accelerated ones, to be equivalent. With changing velocity, accelerated objects exist in warped space (as do those that reside in a gravitational field). Therefore, frames of reference must include a description of their local spacetime curvature to qualify as complete.
An illustration of an accelerometer designed at Sandia National Laboratories.
An accelerometer inherently measures its own motion (locomotion). It thus differs from a device based on remote sensing. Accelerometers can be used to measure vibration on cars, machines, buildings, process control systems and safety installations. They can also be used to measure seismic activity, inclination, machine vibration, dynamic distance and speed with or without the influence of gravity.
One application for accelerometers is to measure gravity, wherein an accelerometer is specifically configured for use in gravimetry. Such a device is called a gravimeter. Accelerometers are being incorporated into more and more personal electronic devices such as mobile phones, media players, and handheld gaming devices. In particular, more and more smartphones are incorporating accelerometers for step counters, user interface control, and switching between portrait and landscape modes.
Accelerometers are used along with gyroscopes in inertial guidance systems, as well as in many other scientific and engineering systems. One of the most common uses for micro electro-mechanical system (MEMS) accelerometers is in airbag deployment systems for modern automobiles. In this case, the accelerometers are used to detect the rapid negative acceleration of the vehicle to determine when a collision has occurred and the severity of the collision.
Accelerometers are perhaps the simplest MEMS device possible, sometimes consisting of little more than a suspended cantilever beam or proof mass (also known as seismic mass) with some type of deflection sensing and circuitry. MEMS Accelerometers are available in a wide variety of ranges up to thousands of gn's. Single axis, dual axis, and three axis models are available.
The Wii Remote for the Nintendo Wii console contains accelerometers for measuring movement and tilt to complement its pointer functionality.
More recently, Apple Computer and Nike have combined the footpod, with Apple's iPod nano to provide real-time audio feedback to the runner on his/her pace and distance. It is known as the Nike + iPod Sports kit.
A small number of modern notebook computers feature accelerometers to automatically align the screen depending on the direction the device is held. This feature is only relevant in Tablet PCs and smartphones, including the iPhone.
Some laptops' hard drives utilize an accelerometer to detect when falling occurs. When low-g condition is detected, indicating a free-fall and an expected shock, the write current is turned off so that data on other tracks is not corrupted. When the free-fall and shock ends, the data can be rewritten to the desired track, thus negating the effects of the shock.
Camcorders use accelerometers for image stabilization.
Still cameras use accelerometers for anti-blur capturing. The camera holds off snapping the CCD "shutter" when the camera is moving. When the camera is still (if only for a millisecond, as could be the case for vibration), the CCD is "snapped."
Some digital cameras contain accelerometers to determine the orientation of the photo being taken and some also for rotating the current picture when viewing.
The Segway and balancing robots use accelerometers for balance.
See also
 - Cutnell, John D., and Kenneth W. Johnson. Physics. 7th ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley, 2006. ISBN _PHONE_
 - Kuhn, Karl F. Basic Physics: A Self-Teaching Guide. 2nd ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley, 1996. ISBN _PHONE_
 - Serway, Raymond A., and John W. Jewett. Physics for Scientists and Engineers. 6th ed. St. Paul, MN: Brooks/Cole, 2004. ISBN 0-534-40842-7.
 - Tipler


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Presentations largely reflected negatively on the utility of PD-L1 for stratifying response, but pivotal new data on tumor mutational burden as assessed by Foundation Medicine's genomic sequencing panel.
This case study shows how the University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht Genetics Department built a foundation to efficiently transition to whole genome sequencing with combined CNV and SNV analysis on the same data set.
The foundry model is poised to fundamentally transform the biotechnology sector. As it revolutionized the semiconductor industry in the mid 1980's, the foundry model brings to molecular diagnostic companies a method to leverage the commonality of manufacturing techniques. By joining common manufacturing processes across several companies, assay manufacturing becomes a variable cost versus a fixed cost with substantial benefits to assay developers.
With increased biomarker and specialty lab data being incorporated into FDA submissions, drug developers are running into challenges as they prepare data that comply with new regulatory requirements. Precision for Medicine's experts present a case study for addressing these challenges and provide a solution.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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During the course of the COLLECTORS project, we identified many related EU-projects in order to promote knowledge sharing, leverage on other projects' experiences and results, avoid duplication and maximise the impact of COLLECTORS. The methodology, identified projects, lessons learned, and clustering activities are described in two documents:
- The COLLECTORS report on the identified projects covers the identification, mapping and selection of relevant projects. The report includes the methodology of mapping the projects, the scope, and the description of the identified projects, giving an overall insight in the amount of waste related projects undertaken in Europe.
- The COLLECTORS factsheets describing the clustering activities. To promote knowledge sharing, multiple freshly started EU-projects have been selected and approached for clustering purposes. In order to maximise the impact of the tools and knowledge developed within COLLECTORS, clustering sessions have been held with the main objective to enable these projects to use the COLLECTORS results.
All factsheets contain a short clustering-project summary, a description of the relevant COLLECTORS tools, a description including hyperlinks with the relevant COLLECTORS reports, and lastly a tailored section on knowledge sharing where COLLECTORS partners explain or elaborate on specific questions of the clustering-project. This results in a useful and practical factsheet where project partners of the clustering-project can find and look up relevant information for their future research.
Clustering started with the compilation of a matrix to determine which of the COLLECTORS tools is of most interest to the clustering project. The following tools and/or reports are identified and presented to the projects:
- Life Cycle Analysis (LCA); An environmental assessment on waste collection in Europe by applying LCA, analysing how improving municipal waste collection can reduce the environmental impact for the PPW, WEEE and CDW.
- Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA); A financial assessments on waste collection in Europe by applying CBA, analysing how separate collection for PPW, WEEE and CDW can be implemented while balancing costs.
- Value Chain Analysis (VCA); Assessment of the contribution of waste collection systems to improve circularity and on solutions implemented in waste collection systems that enable the recycler to produce more value, by producing better (qualitative) secondary materials.
- Social Acceptance Analysis (SAA); An assessment in dialogue with citizens of the implemented solutions and key elements for societal acceptance on waste collection in Europe.
- Multiple-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM); A decision making tool used for prioritising elements and aspects of waste collection systems by weighing and ranking parameters.
- Policy recommendations; Synthesis of all COLLECTORS results, the feedback from stakeholders and experts on the regulatory and governance barriers or catalysers to effective waste collection.
- Good practices; Description of the 12 good performing waste collection practices identified in the COLLECTORS project.


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Authentication refers to giving a user permissions to access a particular resource. Since, everyone can't be allowed to access data from every URL, one would require authentication primarily. To achieve this authentication, typically one provides authentication data through Authorization header or a custom header defined by server.
Replace "user" and "pass" with your username and password. It will authenticate the request and return a response 200 or else it will return error 403.
If you an invalid username or password, it will return an error as –
Types of Authentication
Another very popular form of HTTP Authentication is Digest Authentication, and Requests supports this out of the box as well:
>>> from requests.auth import HTTPDigestAuth >>> url = '_URL_ >>> requests.get(url, auth=HTTPDigestAuth('user', 'pass'))
OAuth 1 Authentication
A common form of authentication for several web APIs is OAuth. The requests-oauthlib library allows Requests users to easily make OAuth 1 authenticated requests:
>>> import requests >>> from requests_oauthlib import OAuth1 >>> url = '_URL_ >>> auth = OAuth1('YOUR_APP_KEY', 'YOUR_APP_SECRET',... 'USER_OAUTH_TOKEN', 'USER_OAUTH_TOKEN_SECRET') >>> requests.get(url, auth=auth)
For more information on how to OAuth flow works, please see the official OAuth website. For examples and documentation on requests-oauthlib, please see the requests_oauthlib repository on GitHub
OAuth 2 and OpenID Connect Authentication
The requests-oauthlib library also handles OAuth 2, the authentication mechanism underpinning OpenID Connect. See the requests-oauthlib OAuth2 documentation for details of the various OAuth 2 credential management flows:
Requests is designed to allow other forms of authentication to be easily and quickly plugged in. Members of the open-source community frequently write authentication handlers for more complicated or less commonly-used forms of authentication. Some of the best have been brought together under the Requests organization, including:
If you want to use any of these forms of authentication, go straight to their GitHub page and follow the instructions.
- PUT method - Python requests
- response.url - Python requests
- GET method - Python requests
- Python Requests Tutorial
- response.ok - Python requests
- GET and POST requests using Python
- response.is_redirect - Python requests
- POST method - Python requests
- response.iter_content() - Python requests
- response.history - Python requests
- response.json() - Python requests
- response.headers - Python requests
- response.content - Python requests
- response.elapsed - Python requests
- response.close() - Python requests
- response.cookies - Python requests
- response.encoding - Python requests
- response.is_permanent_redirect - Python requests
- response.reason - Python requests
- SSL Certificate Verification - Python requests
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Decyphering the code
I was bored, so I tried to decipher the code. What is this \x69\x6E\x6E\x65... stuff? Well, that's easy. It's the hexadecimal representation of the ASCII code for some letters/symbols. Decoding that isn't too difficult. Placing the JS function "alert();" around the text will pop up the text as the browser sees it (once it's decoded the hex into the actual letters.) Don't try it if you don't know how to quote it properly, though. We end up with something like this:
var variables=[_0x4168,_0x4168,...];
So there's the variable _0x4168 that contains an array of strings. The next variable variables is also an array of strings taken from the first. In fact, it's probably redundant. I guess it's to make it more obfuscated. Then there's some real code that references variables.
So let's replace all those variables references with the actual values, and we get something like this.
void (document["getElementById"]("app104746576239621_body")["innerHTML"]="Suggest to Friends");
OK, so one last strange thing. What's with this ["text"] stuff? It turns out JS has this funky alternative to accessing class members. You can do it the normal way (object.member) or you can treat the object as a dictionary with the key being a string of the name of the member (object["member"]). So here's how the code finally ends up. I left out some other extras like the voids and provided some indenting.
"Suggest to Friends";
style=\"width: 800px; height: 600px;\"
So what does it do?
We can go through this by each line (or something like a line):
- Look for a certain element on the page, and replace its "inner" HTML with a link called "Suggest to Friends!" with an ID of "suggest".
- Get the element with the ID of "suggest".
- Create a mouse event object.
- Initialize that event object for a click.
- Dispatch the event. This simulates a click on the previously created link.
- Call an anonymous function after 4 seconds. This function calls fs.select_all()
- Call another anonymous function after 5 seconds. This function calls SocialGraphManager.submitDialog.
- Look for a specific element on the page, and replace it with an iframe of a tinyurl.
So what does it really do?
It should make some sense now. As expected, it's a spammer. The first five steps basically load the "Suggest to Friends" page. It's a bit overly complex, but it gets you there (could have just set document.location to the URI). After four seconds, all your friends are selected, and one second later, the page is submitted, sending the suggestion to all your friends. Finally, it loads an iframe to replace the body section. The TinyURL is gone now, but it was a fake picture of Facebook, with a link that was the so-called second step.
In fact, that second link does go to a marginally legitimate page. It's a Greasemonkey script that periodically checks your friends list and tells you when someone disappears. Now, if you think about it, that really doesn't tell you if someone's blocked you. It tells you if someone removed you from their list. It tells you if someone closed their Facebook account. But it doesn't say anything about being blocked.
The interesting thing is how it gets you. You don't click a weird link, or anything. The user actually has to enter the JS themselves. Now sure, they don't know that, but it's still all them. That's all the more reason to get people a bit more educated when using computers.


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The Daughter knows that an R or a TM in a circle on a package means that somehow the design of the packaging has some intellectual property protection. Specifically, they mean trademarked or registered, respectively; in the United States, that's handled by the US Patents and Trademark Office. And a C in a circle suggests copyright protection; in the US that's a function of the Copyright Office.
But she asked me: what does that U in a circle mean on her bottle of ketchup, something I barely remembered even seeing? I did not know, but, of course, I looked it up.
Now, if I tell you right away, then the post will be done. So here are some other letters in a circle:
A couple more intellectual property symbols:
M in a circle is copyright on mask work, which has SOMETHING to do with integrated circuit boards.
P in a circle represents the copyright on a sound recording (originally a phonograph record).
OK, now. According to the Heinz people: "Commonly known as 'Circle U,' the circle graphically represents the letter O for 'Orthodox,' and the U inside stands for 'Union.'" Specifically, the Union of Orthodox Jewish Congregations (OU) in Manhattan, New York City has certified the product to be kosher, i.e., acceptable, according to Jewish dietary laws. If you see any of the symbols that are represented, which also includes a K in a circle, it means "the food has been inspected by one of the many kosher certifying agencies in the United States. Each agency identifies itself by its own unique symbol."
The New York Times makes a nonkosher mistake


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CULTURAL DIFFERENCES IN BODY IMAGE: THE PERSPECTIVES OF EUROPEAN AMERICAN, AFRICAN AMERICAN AND ASIAN AMERICAN COLLEGE WOMEN
Cultural Differences in Body Image: The Perspectives of European American, African American and Asian American College Women is a single university case study, conducted at a large Midwestern public university. The sample population consisted of European American, African American and Asian American women between the ages of 18 and 25 and who have lived in the U.S. for at least the past 10 years. The sampling was based on comparable case selection in which the three ethnic groups were compared on their body image and levels of body satisfaction. The quantitative portion of this study consisted of administering the Young Women's Experiences with Body Weight and Shape assessment, created in 1997 by M.E. Delaney et al. There were a total of 450 women surveyed (278 European American, 148 African American and 24 Asian American). The qualitative portion of this study consisted of 3 semi-structured focus groups; 1 European American, 1 African American and 1 Asian American. A total of 28 women participated in the focus groups. The purpose of this study was to obtain information from college-age women representing three different ethnicities with regard to their body image, body shape, appearance and related factors. The findings from this study will provide the health education profession with valuable data and information on body image from a cultural perspective. In addition, body image prevention/intervention programming that addresses women based on their ethnic background can be developed using the information and data from this study. A One-Way ANOVA and Tukey Post Hoc test were conducted to identify differences between the three groups on the assessment. Patterns and themes were coded and analyzed for the information obtained during the focus groups. Results from the assessment and the focus groups, literature findings, feminism and cultural studies theory were triangulated and conclusions drawn. African American women expressed the greatest level of body satisfaction on the 5 subscales of the assessment and these findings were supported by the information provided from the 3 focus groups.
School:University of Cincinnati
School Location:USA - Ohio
Source Type:Master's Thesis
Keywords:body image cultural differences feminism studies
Date of Publication:01/01/2003


text: The Cable Glands are also popular as mechanical cable entry tools, which are utilized in concurrence with cable as well as wiring for automation systems, data & telecoms, electrical, instrumentation, lighting, power etc. The main task of the these products is work as an effective terminating and sealing devices, which can ensure the protection of various electrical enclosures. Cable Glands can exclude dust & moisture and also ensure environmental protection. Their holding power ensure high levels of pull out resistance. They exhibit optimum resistance against rusting, oxidation and distortion that lead to damage.


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Redefining Success: The Importance of Character Development in Midwest Baseball
Welcome to Baseball Prospect Digest (BPD), your trusted source for unparalleled insights into the Midwest baseball scene. In this article, we highlight an often overlooked aspect of player development: character development. Join us as we delve into the importance of cultivating strong character traits in Midwest baseball players and how they contribute to their overall success both on and off the field.
The Foundations of Character Development
Baseball Prospect Digest (BPD) recognizes the significance of character development in molding well-rounded individuals. In this article, we explore the foundational character traits that play a crucial role in the overall development of Midwest baseball players.
We discuss the importance of integrity, work ethic, leadership, resilience, and sportsmanship. These traits not only shape players' behavior and actions during games but also lay the groundwork for success in their personal lives. By fostering these character traits, Midwest baseball programs can develop athletes who are equipped to excel in all aspects of their lives.
Building Strong Team Cultures
Baseball Prospect Digest (BPD) emphasizes the role of strong team cultures in character development. In this article, we delve into how Midwest baseball teams can create an environment that fosters character growth and cultivates a sense of unity, support, and camaraderie among players.
We discuss the significance of coaches as role models, setting expectations, and promoting a positive and inclusive atmosphere. A strong team culture not only enhances player performance but also nurtures character traits such as accountability, respect, and empathy. By building a positive team culture, Midwest baseball programs can create an environment that promotes character development and sets the stage for success both on and off the field.
Character and College Recruitment
Baseball Prospect Digest (BPD) explores the connection between character and college recruitment in Midwest baseball. In this article, we delve into how college recruiters increasingly value players with strong character traits, alongside exceptional athletic abilities.
We discuss how the character traits of Midwest baseball players, such as leadership, coachability, and perseverance, make them attractive to college programs. College recruiters understand the importance of recruiting athletes who not only possess the physical talents but also have the grit, work ethic, and values necessary to thrive at the collegiate level. By emphasizing character development, Midwest baseball players can enhance their college recruiting prospects and open doors to future opportunities.
Life Lessons Through Baseball
Baseball Prospect Digest (BPD) highlights the life lessons that can be learned through baseball. In this article, we delve into how Midwest baseball provides a platform for character development and teaches players valuable skills they can carry with them beyond the game.
We discuss how baseball teaches perseverance in the face of failure, teamwork, accountability, time management, and the ability to handle adversity with grace. The skills and values instilled through the game contribute to the personal and professional growth of Midwest baseball players, preparing them for success in any endeavor they pursue.
Baseball Prospect Digest: Shaping Well-rounded Athletes in Midwest Baseball
At Baseball Prospect Digest (BPD), we celebrate the importance of character development in Midwest baseball. Our mission is to provide unparalleled insights and resources that emphasize the holistic growth of players both on and off the field.
Stay tuned to BPD for more articles that focus on character development, share success stories from Midwest baseball programs that prioritize character, and offer guidance for coaches, parents, and players on fostering character traits. Let's continue to redefine success in Midwest baseball by nurturing character and developing well-rounded individuals.
Join us as we shape the future of Midwest baseball, and honor the dedicated individuals who contribute to the character development and success of players through their unwavering commitment to character growth!


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In this tutorial you will learn about the C Program to Add reversed number with Original Number and its application with practical example.
In this tutorial, we will learn to create a C program that add reversed number with Original number using C programming.
Before starting with this tutorial we assume that you are best aware of the following C programming topics:
- loop statements.
- While loop.
- Basic input/output operations.
C Program to Add reversed number with Original Number.
In this program first of all we reverse a number and that number will be added to original number. For example, user input number 321, the reverse number will be 123.and we add 321 to 123 => 321+123 = 444. Let see the code for that.
int no, rev = 0,sum=0,temp; // declaring variables
printf("Enter a number to reverse\n");
scanf("%d", &no); // taking number from user.
while (no!= 0) // iterate till number became zero
rev = rev * 10;
rev = rev + no%10; //reversing the value
no = no/10;
printf("Reverse of the number = %d\n",rev); //printing reverse number
sum=temp+rev; // adding them
printf("sum of original + rev is number = %d",sum); printing original and rev number
In the above program, we have first declared and initialized a set variables required in the program.
- no= take number from user.
- rev = it will hold reverse value.
- temp= it will hold original.
- sum= add original and reverse number.
In the next statement user will be prompted to enter a number into variable no. In our program, we use the modulus (%)operator to obtain digits.
How reversing a number is defined by the following steps:
- 1: START.
- 2:Take a number from user.
- 3: SET temp =no, sum =0.
- 4: REPEAT while (no!= 0)
- 5: rev = rev * 10
- 6:rev = rev + no%10
- 7:no = no/10
- 8: sum = no+ temp
- 9: Print Sum
- 10: END.
First of all we take a number from user in variable no. and pass this number to temp variable after that in while loop we reverse the number as show in below image.
After reversing a number we add the reverse and temp variable.
As you can see how the number is reversing in following steps after the reversing number we add original number sum=temp+rev with reverse number to get required output and print the final value stored in sum variable.


Steal This Idea 1st edition
Intellectual Property Rights and the Corporate Confiscation of Creativity
Steal This Idea 0 9781403967138 140396713X
Details about Steal This Idea:
This book describes how corporate powers have erected a rapacious system of intellectual property rights to confiscate the benefits of creativity in science and culture. This legal system threatens to derail both economic and scientific progress, while disrupting society and threatening personal freedom. Perelman argues that the natural outcome of this system is a world of excessive litigation, intrusive violations of privacy, the destruction system of higher education, interference with scientific research, and a lopsided distribution of income.
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|Category: MARCH Resources|
Page: 1 of 1
|Number of Subcategories: 3|
|MARCH Resources||Files: 0|
The MARCH model is a behavioral change communication approach that promotes behavioral change in support of HIV prevention, treatment and positive living. This theoretical approach is built around two components to achieve behavioral change: Modeling and Reinforcement component.
The modeling component encourages behavior change by providing credible characters with whom the audience can relate to. The characters are shown adopting new positive behaviors over time using Print Serial Dramas (PSD) in the form of Cartoon and Photo Comic Books.. This approach as well encourages behavior change in the form of increased use of counseling and testing, prevention of mother-to-child transmission, antiretroviral treatment and other services.
The reinforcement component enhances the effectiveness of the entertainment-education comic book through reflection, discussion, and other community level activities.
The MARCH Project is an innovative way of conveying the ABC (abstinence, be faithful, use condoms) HIV preventive messages through entertainment education and peer-to-peer learning to bring about behavior change among the police force and their families. MARCH promotes behaviors that reduce the risk of HIV infection, such as faithfulness, condom use and early detection and treatment of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) to name a few, by using role models to demonstrate positive behavior change and reinforcement of the behaviors through activities such as peer discussion.
The MARCH project has three implementing partners, the National Defense Forces of Ethiopia (NDFE), the Federal Police Commission and the Addis Ababa University (AAU).
|Addis Ababa University MARCH Project||Files: 30|
|"LIFE 101, the journey" is photo based print serial drama that encourages behavior change among Addis Ababa University students. Its purpose is to model behavior change using fictional characters, who are at risk of HIV and its impact, as they go through the day to day life of university students.|
|Federal Police MARCH Project||Files: 30|
Tewerwari Kewakebt (The Shooting Stars) follows the lives of four characters:
Inspector Kinfe; a loving husband and father of two, Kinfe is a dedicated worker, respected officer and good friend. Alas, this seemingly perfect man has one flaw: he considers occasional cheating his right as a man. Circumstances will, however, prove him wrong and convince him that faithfulness is the higher path to follow.
Chief Sergeant Ali; a 29-year-old heartthrob who owes his luck with the ladies to his upbringing. An only child, he grew up showered with the love of his single mother and all the other women in his community. His happy-go-lucky, adventurous nature effortlessly leads him into the open arms of willing women – and trouble. We will witness his struggle to change his way of life and become a role model for positive living.
Constable Tigist: a pretty, feisty 23-year-old who, despite her mother's pleas, joined the force. Tigist idolizes her late father, a policeman who was killed while on duty. Able, outspoken and a go-getter, it is her destiny to excel in the force. Always one of the guys, she's convinced that she knows them well enough never to fall for their smooth talk. Unfortunately, life has other plans for her. Her story shows us how one mistake tests her courage to the limits as she battles to forge a healthy family life.
Constable Yonas; a handsome 19-year-old recruit, excels in the training field and lives by the motto, "why buy a book when one can join the library?" He's a bit of a player when it comes to women. Over the next year, we see how life's lessons change his attitudes to relationships in general, and STIs and condom use in particular.
Combining humor, action and gripping drama, the 52 edition comic book will enable officers within Ethiopia's Federal Police to better understand the risks they face from HIV and develop strategies that will keep them safer.
|NDFE MARCH Project||Files: 27|
The Black Tigers comic book series is an initiative to encourage behavior change among the armed forces in Ethiopia to prevent the transmission of HIV. The four main characters are:
Captain Damtew Ashenafi is a heroic leader who is respected by both his superiors and the men he commands. He is a good husband and father of two, but his past comes back to haunt him when he learns that a woman he had an affair with has died of AIDS. With the support of his wife, Aster, he bravely faces the HIV illness.
Corporal Fikru Ayele is charming and handsome and happily married to his beautiful wife, Meskerem, with whom he has one child. Although he loves his wife, he sometimes has sexual encounters with other women while he is away from home with the battalion. Eventually, he will be forced to overcome temptation and be faithful in order to save his marriage.
Sergeant Teshome Worku and his wife Tirunesh. The sergeant is an arrogant and cynical womanizer. He sees winning over women as a challenging and exciting game that he must win in order to collect them as trophies. His has two children and another one on the way with his loving wife Tirunesh, who pays for her husband's sins by caring for her sick husband and attempting to prevent her unborn child from being infected with HIV.
Private Jemal Hussein is an innocent new recruit who is a dedicated young man with a vision. He joined the military hoping to help his family and provide a good life for his fiancé, Bedria. Unfortunately, he will need to battle peer pressure and other challenges to survive not only on the battlefield, but in protecting himself against HIV.
The Black Tigers is a 26-issue comic book series that uses drama, humor, and tragedy to highlight the challenges of HIV and AIDS facing Ethiopian servicemen.
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URLs like /ticket/:id, as it already contains all the fields by default, parameter "fields" is not needed, but you can still use additional fields parameters to expand child blocks: XX_RT_URL_XX/REST/2.0/ticket/1?fields[Queue]=Name,Description Authentication Methods Authentication should always be done over HTTPS/SSL for security. You should only serve up the /REST/2.0/ endpoint over SSL. Basic Auth Authentication may use internal RT usernames and passwords, provided via HTTP Basic auth. Most HTTP libraries already have a way of providing basic auth credentials when making requests. Using curl, for example: curl -u 'username:password' /path/to/REST/2.0 Token Auth You may use the RT::Authen::Token extension to authenticate to the REST 2 API. Once you've acquired an authentication token in the web interface, specify the Authorization header with a value of "token" like so: curl -H 'Authorization: token …' /path/to/REST/2.0 If the library or application you're using does not support specifying additional HTTP headers, you may also pass the authentication token as a query parameter like so: curl /path/to/REST/2.0?token=… Cookie Auth Finally, you may reuse an existing cookie from an ordinary web session to authenticate against REST2. This is primarily intended for interacting with REST2 via JavaScript in the browser. Other REST consumers are advised to use the alternatives above. Conditional requests (If-Modified-Since, If-Match) You can take advantage of the Last-Modified headers returned by most single resource endpoints. Add a If-Modified-Since header to your requests for the same resource, using the most recent Last-Modified value seen, and the API may respond with a 304 Not Modified. You can also use HEAD requests to check for updates without receiving the actual content when there is a newer version. You may also add an If-Unmodified-Since header to your updates to tell the server to refuse updates if the record had been changed since you last retrieved it. ETag, If-Match, and If-None-Match work similarly to Last-Modified, If-Modified-Since, and If-Unmodified-Since, except that they don't use a timestamp, which has its own set of tradeoffs. ETag is an opaque value, so it has no meaning to consumers (unlike timestamps). However, timestamps have the disadvantage of having a resolution of seconds, so two updates happening in the same second would produce incorrect results, whereas ETag does not suffer from that problem. Status codes The REST API uses the full range of HTTP status codes, and your client should handle them appropriately. AUTHOR Best Practical Solutions, LLC BUGS All bugs should be reported via email to or via the web at. LICENSE AND COPYRIGHT This software is Copyright (c) 2015-2019 by Best Practical Solutions, LLC. This is free software, licensed under: The GNU General Public License, Version 2, June 1991


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ique de Louvain, Belgium), Susan Fiske examines "Foretelling the Primary Dimension of Social Perception: Symbolic and Realistic Threats Together Predict Warmth in the Stereotype Content Model," which was published in the Social Psychology. In this work the authors examine the Stereotype Content Model (SCM) which posits two fundamental dimensions of intergroup perception, warmth and competence, predicted by socio-structural dimensions of competition and status, respectively. However, the SCM has been challenged on claiming perceived competition as the socio-structural dimension that predicts perceived warmth. The current research improves by broadening warmth's predictor (competition) to include both realistic and symbolic threat from Integrated Threat Theory (Study 1). Kervyn, Fiske and Yzerbyt also measure two components of the warmth dimension: sociability and morality. Study 2 tests new items to measure both threat and warmth. The new threat items significantly improve prediction of warmth, compared with standard SCM items. Morality and sociability correlate highly and do not differ much in their predictability by competition/threat.
Margaret Frye along with Katharine H. Greenaway (University of Queensland, Australia and Tegan Cruwys (University of Queensland, Australia) published the article, "When Aspirations Exceed Expectations: Quixotic Hope Increases Depression among Students" in Plos One. They noted that a paradox exists in modern schooling where students are simultaneously more positive about the future and more depressed than ever. They suggested that these two phenomena may be linked. Two studies demonstrated that students are more likely to be depressed when educational aspirations exceed expectations. In Study 1 (N = 85), aspiring to a thesis grade higher than one expected predicted greater depression at the beginning and end of the academic year. In Study 2 (N = 2820), aspiring to a level of education (e.g., attending college) higher than one expected to achieve predicted greater depression cross-sectionally and five years later. In both cases the negative effects of aspiring high while expecting low persisted even after controlling for whether or not students achieved their educational aspirations. The findings highlight the danger of teaching students to aspire higher without also investing time and money to ensure that students can reasonably expect to achieve their educational goals.
In collaboration with Lei Ding and Eileen Divringi (Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia), Jackelyn Hwang is investigating the relationship between gentrification and residential mobility in Philadelphia from 2002-2014. The project examines residential mobility rates, residential destinations and origins, and credit score changes of adult residents in Philadelphia. Hwang and her co-authors released a working paper (No. 15-36) in December 2015 on the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia website.
In a paper published in Social Forces, Jackelyn Hwang, Michael Hankinson (Harvard University), and Kreg Steven Brown (Harvard University) investigate whether the concentration of subprime lending in minority neighborhoods during the recent housing crisis varies by segregation levels across the 100 largest U.S. metropolitan areas. Recent studies speculate that segregation created distinct geographic markets that enabled subprime lenders and brokers to leverage the spatial proximity of minorities to disproportionately target minority neighborhoods. This study integrates neighborhood-level data and spatial measures of segregation to examine the relationship between segregation and subprime lending. Controlling for alternative explanations of the housing crisis, they find that segregation is strongly associated with higher concentrations of subprime loans in clusters of minority census tracts but find no evidence of unequal lending patterns when they examine minority census tracts in an aspatial way. Moreover, residents of minority census tracts in segregated metropolitan areas had higher likelihoods of receiving subprime loans than their counterparts in less segregated metropolitan areas. The findings demonstrate that segregation played a pivotal role in the housing crisis by creating relatively larger areas of concentrated minorities into which subprime loans could be efficiently and effectively channeled. These results are consistent with existing but untested theories on the relationship between segregation and the housing crisis in metropolitan areas.
In a paper forthcoming in the Urban Affairs Review, Jackelyn Hwang draws upon cognitive maps and interviews with 56 residents living in a gentrifying area to examine how residents socially construct neighborhoods. Most minority respondents, regardless of socioeconomic status and years of residency, defined their neighborhood as a large and inclusive spatial area and used a single name and conventional boundaries, invoking the area's black cultural history and often directly responding to the alternative way residents defined their neighborhoods. Both long-term and newer white respondents defined their neighborhood as smaller spatial areas and used a variety of names and unconventional boundaries that excluded areas that they perceived to have lower socioeconomic status and more crime. The large and inclusive socially constructed neighborhood was eventually displaced. These findings shed light on how the internal narratives of neighborhood identity and boundaries are meaningfully tied to a broader structure of inequality and shape how neighborhood identities and boundaries change or remain.
Douglas Massey along with Camille Charles (University of Pennsylvania) is working on another book examining how the diversity of the black student population at selective colleges and universities (with respect to immigrant origins, socioeconomic status, multiracial origins, and an integrated versus segregated background) affect the college experience of African Americans.
In the coming year, Douglas Massey plans to continue research in the areas of urban studies and stratification, and the factors explaining minority under-achievement in higher education. With continued support from NICHD and the MacArthur Foundation, Massey will continue to focus on segregation, and racial stratification in higher education.
Douglas Massey is currently working on a new version of his 1993 book American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass. It will describe how levels and patterns of racial and ethnic segregation have changed since the 1980s and draw together work he has done over the past 25 years to clarify the causes of segregation and trace out its continuing consequences for African Americans and, increasingly, Latinos. It will be titled, American Apartheid: Segregation and the Perpetuation of Poverty (Harvard University Press). Continuing his work on American Apartheid Massey authored a chapter, "Confronting the Legacy of American Apartheid," which is forthcoming in Wachter, Susan M., and Ding, Lei (Editors): Shared Prosperity in America's Communities.
Douglas Massey and Ph.D. candidate Jonathan Tannen researched trends in black hypersegregation from 1970 to 2010 in their note, "A Research Note on Trends in Black Hypersegregation," published in Demography. In this note, they use a consistently defined set of metropolitan areas to study patterns and trends. Over the 40-year period (1970 to 2010), 52 metropolitan areas were characterized by hypersegregation at one point or another, although not all at the same time. Over the period, the number of hypersegregated metropolitan areas declined by about one-half, but the degree of segregation within those areas characterized by hypersegregation changed very little. As of 2010, roughly one-third of all black metropolitan residents lived in a hypersegregated area.
Douglas Massey along with Jacob Rugh (Brigham Young University), and Len Albright (Northeastern University) have written an article, "Race, Space, and Cumulative Disadvantage: A Case Study of the Subprime Lending Collapse," published in Social Problems. In this article, they describe how residential segregation and individual racial disparities generate racialized patterns of subprime lending and lead to financial loss among black borrowers in segregated cities. The authors conceptualize race as a cumulative disadvantage because of its direct and indirect effects on socioeconomic status at the individual and neighborhood levels, with consequences that reverberate across a borrower's life and between generations. Using Baltimore, Maryland as a case study setting, we combine data from reports filed under the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act with additional loan-level data from mortgage-backed securities. The authors find that race and neighborhood racial segregation are critical factors explaining black disadvantage across successive stages in the process of lending and foreclosure, controlling for differences in borrower credit scores, income, occupancy status, and loan-to-value ratios. They analyze the cumulative cost of predatory lending to black borrowers in terms of reduced disposable income and lost wealth. They find the cost to be substantial. Black borrowers paid an estimated additional five to eleven percent in monthly payments and those that completed foreclosure in the sample lost an excess of $2 million in home equity. These costs were magnified in mostly black neighborhoods and in turn heavily concentrated in communities of color. By elucidating the mechanisms that link black segregation to discrimination we demonstrate how processes of cumulative disadvantage continue to undermine black socioeconomic status in the U.S. today.
In "The Legacy of the 1968 Fair Housing Act," published in Sociological Forum, Douglas Massey examines Civil Rights activists in 1968 and their hope that the passage of the Fair Housing Act would lead to the residential desegregation of American society. In this article, he assesses the degree to which this hope has been fulfilled. Massey begins by reviewing how the black ghetto came to be a universal feature of American cities during the twentieth century and the means by which high levels of black segregation were achieved. He then describes the legislative maneuvers required to pass the Fair Housing Act and reviews its enforcement provisions to assess its potential for achieving desegregation. After examining trends in residential segregation since 1970, Massey concludes with an appraisal of the prospects for integration as we move toward the fiftieth anniversary of the Act's passage.
Douglas Massey and Jonathan Rothwell's (Brookings Institution) paper entitled, "Geographic Effects on Intergenerational Income Mobility," was published in Geography. The notion that where one grows up affects future living standards is increasingly well established in social science. Yet research on intergenerational economic mobility often ignores the geographic context of childhood, including neighborhood quality


children in cages
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african society values little children. africa may be many things, like poor, under developed, exploited by the powerful, exploited by the rich and oppressed by human greed.
but, general african society will not stand for anyone keeping babies or little children (one, two and three years old) in cages.
societies that keep little children in cages, for whatever reason, is not only sick but also disgusting.
little children have nothing. they cannot decide anything for themselves, they are the true innocent. little children are weak and powerless.
a society that places little children in cages is rotten and sick to the core.
a society that traumatises little children does not understand and will not understand many things. such a society is ignorant of brutality. devoid of basic human understanding and also fully capable of perpetrating other extreme horrors.
if a society could cage little children, it is a sick and potentially violent and dangerous society.
an ignorantly violent society is capable of further evolution (or devolution) into even more heinous behaviors. anyone that can actually keep little innocent children in cages does not understand life. is devoid of humanity and has very low emotional intelligence. a society that keeps little children in cages is a very sick society, such societies do not get better, they generally tend to become worse, autocratic and eventually grow to become generally incapable of ethics, morals and humanity.
a society that keeps little children in cages, has stage one cancer.
a society that keeps little children in cages is seriously ill and will in all probability, eventually die.


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Motivation Letter Example: Bachelor of Science in Mathematics. While, Motivation Letter Examples are presented by Ask Scholars. So, For more Examples, Just subscribe to our Blog and you will not miss all important notifications.
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Early life
Few clear records remain of Princess Rotrude's early life. She was educated in the Palace School by Alcuin, who affectionately calls her Columba in his letters to her. When she was six, her father betrothed her to Constantine VI of Byzantium, whose mother Irene was ruling as regent. The Greeks called her Erythro and sent a scholar monk called Elisaeus to educate her in Greek language and manners. However, the alliance fell apart by 786 when she was eleven and Constantine's mother, Irene, broke off the engagement in 788.
Later life
Rotrude eventually became a nun, joining her aunt Gisela, abbess of Chelles. The two women authored a letter to Alcuin of York, who was at Tours at the time, requesting that he write a commentary explaining the Gospel of John. As a result, Alcuin eventually produced his seven-book Commentaria in Iohannem Evangelistam, a more accessible companion to the gospel than St. Augustine's massive and challenging Tractatus in St. John. Commentators have dated the letter to the spring of 800, four years before Alcuin's death and ten before Rotrude's.
In contemporary views of history, most scholars discriminate between the two phases of Rotrude's life. Political histories of her father Charlemagne discuss her as a princess who was potentially a pawn and a woman of questionable morals, while religious histories discuss her as the second nun in the letter from Chelles.
|Ancestors of Rotrude|
- Gaskoin, C. J. B. Alcuin: His Life and His Work. New York: Russell & Russell, 1966
- Runciman, Steven. "The Empress Irene the Athenian." Medieval Women. Ed. Derek Baker. Oxford: Ecclesiastical History Society, 1978.
- "Epistola Christi Familarum Gislae atque Rechtrudae ad Albinum Magistrum." Patrologia Latina 100:738D-740C.
- Ed. Dümmler, Monumenta Germanicae Historica: Epistolae aevi Carolini II, pp 323-325


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Whenever in a fraction, there is $0$ in the denominator, the fraction becomes $\infty$ or indeterminate. But why do we consider those fractions valid that have some negative numbers in the denominator since those numbers are even smaller than $0$?
share|improve this question
It depends on what you mean by smaller. If you mean "smaller in magnitude," then negative numbers are not smaller than zero. – Joel Reyes Noche Apr 2 '13 at 6:59
As below, denominators are normalized to be positive simply as a matter of convenience $$\rm x = \dfrac{a}{-b} \iff (-b)\,x =a \iff b\, x = -a \iff x = \dfrac{-a}{b} = -\dfrac{a}b$$ More generally, one often normalizes the leading coefficient of a polynomial to be positive (or, further, to be $1$ if the coefficient ring is a field). – Math Gems Apr 2 '13 at 17:12
2 Answers 2
up vote 4 down vote accepted
Firstly, $\frac{p}{0}$ never becomes $\infty$, it is simply undefined.
Now, a fraction $\frac{p}{q}$, with $p,q$ integers and $q\ne 0$, is introduced in order to solve a problem. The problem is to solve the equation $q\cdot x = p$. This solution, even though described with integers alone, does not always have a solution in the integers. So, we extend the integers by introducing solutions to all such equations as long as it makes sense. An example where it does not make sense is the equation $0\cdot x = p$, where $p\ne 0$, since we wish to retain the fact that $0\cdot x=0$. There are some subtleties here, solutions to different equation may lead to essentially that same fraction. This is solved by the familiar equations of the form $\frac{1}{2}=\frac{2}{4}$ and so on.
Now, fractions with negative denominators simply are solutions for equations of the form $-7\cdot x = 2$ or $-5x=17$. There is no reason to exclude such solutions. In fact, by adjoining all solutions to all equations of the form $qx=p$, where $p,q$ are integers and $q\ne 0$ (and properly identifying fractions that only appear to be different in form) one obtains the field of the rational numbers.
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Fractions, like all the rest of mathematics, consist of certain symbols written on a page. As the creators of these symbols, we can decide how to manipulate them however we want, and what meaning to give them. The usual meaning we have decided to give to $$\frac{a}{b}$$ is "this symbol, when multiplied by $b$, produces $a$". Thus, for example, $\frac{1}{2}$ is a symbol satisfying $$\frac{1}{2}\times 2=1.$$ Now, the reason why fractions whose denominator is $0$ are usually taken to be "undefined" is that (unless we are very careful / in a more advanced setting) no matter how hard we try, there is no way of making the symbol $$\frac{a}{0}$$ satisfy all of the rules we want it to; for example, since we want multiplication to be associative, we should have $$\frac{1}{0}\times \mathopen{\bigg(}0\times 2\mathclose{\bigg)}=\left(\frac{1}{0}\times 0\right)\times 2$$ But the left side produces $$\frac{1}{0}\times \mathopen{\bigg(}0\times 2\mathclose{\bigg)}=\frac{1}{0}\times 0=1,$$ while the right side produces $$\left(\frac{1}{0}\times 0\right)\times 2=1\times 2=2.$$ Thus, we give up on defining division by $0$.
But this problem does not exist for fractions with negative denominators; everything works just fine. There's no reason to consider them invalid. In fact, once we start considering complex numbers like $2+3i$, we often like to divide by them too!
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Is an IQ of 126 good?
An IQ of 126 allows someone to become a member of the International High IQ Society, as an IQ of at least 124 is required to enter. The high IQ range is 115 to 129. This range includes 15 percent of the population.
An IQ equal to or greater than 130 is required for a person to be considered "gifted." A person with an IQ of 130 or higher is eligible for membership in Mensa. An average IQ is between 90 and 109. An IQ score must be obtained from an official IQ test in order for it to hold any meaning.
 1. highiqpro.com
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Build a Pub-Sub in JavaScript |
Interview Question
Pub-Sub and Event-Driven Programming
Event-driven programming is incredibly important in software engineering, and it's the foundation of JavaScript (both in the browser and Node.js). Events are emitted on interaction either by a user or triggered from within the program, and there are listeners that execute a callback when they recognize a specific event.
You can see instances of event-driven programming in:
 - Browser events (onclick, onload, onkeyup, etc.)
 - Node.js server events
 - Sockets
 - Messaging
 - Redux and other state management libraries
 - RxJS and other event libraries
 - GraphQL subscriptions
There are different names for the various event design patterns, but the core concept is the same. In this lesson, we will build a Pub-Sub, but the intuition will be transferable. Other similar concepts are:
 - Observer pattern
 - Event bus
 - Message queue
 - Event-driven architecture
There are subtle differences between the different pattern implementations, but the important learning outcomes are all the same. In this question, you will build a Pub-Sub (publish-subscribe pattern) where publishers emit actions and subscribers listen for a specific action and execute a callback accordingly.
We will implement the Pub-Sub as a class with subscribe, publish, unsubscribe methods. They will communicate through an eventName channel which is just a string. It should be built so that many subscribers can listen for the same event.
Then to use it, we do the following:
Pub-Sub Implementation
Our Pub-Sub implementation will give us the ability to subscribe to an event, publish data to an event, and a place to store the subscribed callbacks. In the constructor, we initialized a subscriptions object whose key-value pairs will be the event channel which maps to an array of event callbacks.
subscribe method
The first thing we should implement is the subscribe method. The function takes an eventName which is a string, and a callback which is a function that executes with the data.
First we check if an array of callbacks in subscribers already exists for the eventName channel, and if it doesn't exist, we initialize it now. Then we push the callback to this array which is a function that takes a single argument.
publish method
When we want to trigger an event, we publish under the eventName and pass it the data for that event. Our callbacks should take at most one argument, but it could take no arguments if it does not use the data.
In our case, the data can be anything, but you could enforce it to be something specific either in your Pub-Sub implementation or by the callback for a specific eventName.
When we publish an event, we first check that the eventName has been initialized and return early if it has not. If it does exist, we iterate through all the subscribers for that eventName and execute their callbacks.
unsubscribe method
We want to allow our code to clean up a subscription and remove its listener. We pass an eventName and the same callback from the subscribe method to remove it. Then the callback is filtered out of our subscribers for that channel.
Functions are stored in memory as in JavaScript. You must pass the exact same function you used originally which means you'll need to store it in a variable. See how this is done in the solution REPL.
Full Implementation
Interact with this solution in a REPL.
Wrap Up
The publish-subscribe pattern is actually simple to implement, but the usage is very powerful. This is a common JavaScript interview question because it shows an understanding of an essential pattern and knowledge of fundamental JS concepts.
One challenge developers have with a Pub-Sub is the terminology because it makes it sound much more challenging than it actually is. When we say a subscriber is "listening", all this means is that we have a hash table (object) that has an array of events for a given key. A subscriber adds its callback to this array, and the publisher just executes all the callback under that key when it "emits" the matching event.
If you have used Redux, what's happening underneath the hood is almost the exact same. The only difference is that we are storing state inside our Pub-Sub, and the eventName (action.type now) is passing the action to every reducer, and they decide if they should update a piece of state based on the action. Below is a simple implementation with phrases changed to Redux terminology:
For larger system Pub-Subs, message queues, and observers, it requires more robust storage and communication channels, but the fundamentals are still the exact same. Maintain channel names and a list of functions to execute.
Table of Contents


text:
I have some difficulties translating the Laocoon article in Chap. 23. My translation is as such:
"Suppressed by the long war and diverted from the gods, the leaders of the Greeks, now after ten years, make a huge wooden horse with the art of Athena. They fill its belly with many foot solders, and abandon the horse in the shore. and sail beyond the nearby island. The Trojans see no troops nor warships; every Trojan is joyful; they have their ports opened. However, the Trojans are uncertain about the horse. Some wants it to be carried to the city; some call it a Greek plot. Being the first person there before every one, Laocoon, the Trojan priest, running from the citadel, says these words: "O my wretched citizens, you are not sane! What are you thinking about? Do you not understand the Greeks and their plots? Either you will find many fierce foot soldiers in that horse, or the horse is a machine of war, which is made against us, and will come into the city, spy on our houses and people. Or something is hiding. Do not trust this horse, Trojans: whatever it is, I fear the Greeks and the gifts they brought." He said these, and threw a strong spear to the uterus of the horse with great strength of his right hand. It stands still, but trembling."
There has been certain sentences I am not sure about:
1. Primus ibi ante omnes, de arce currens, Laocoon, sacerdos Troianus, haec verba dicit...
What does the first part mean? I think it means Laocoon was the first to be there before every one else.. Is that right?
2.... timeo Danaos et dona gerentes!
It appears that both Danaos and dona are the object of "timeo" (I fear). However, how to explain "gerentes"? Literally it means "that is giving", but it sounds nonsense here...
3. Dixit, et potentem hastam magnis viribus manus sinistrae in uterum equi iecit; stetit illa, tremens.
Here "stetit" should mean "it (the horse) stands still". However, how to explain "illa" here? It could either be singular feminine or plural neutral, but I cannot find anything that could refer to in this sentence.
Or maybe I totally got the whole thing wrong here. This "illa" means the "hasta"? Then this makes a lot of more sense to me now. So is it the spear that stands still and trembling? This sounds right to me.


Ask the Experts: Are In-Process Substances in Scope of Regulations?
Our regulatory subject matter experts help a range of stakeholders solve compelling regulatory challenges associated with supply chain data management. We compile their insights to help educate compliance professionals through content, webinars, and events. Assent's experts also provide advice directly to clients. Here are the top five questions our Regulatory team has responded to over the past month.
Question: In filling out the Aerospace and Defence Declarable Substances List (AD-DSL), do I need to report on chemicals used to process and clean the parts, or only those that are present in the completed parts themselves?
Valerie Kuntz: It depends on the requirements of your customers or internal stakeholders. While you aren't always required to provide information about process chemicals or substances when completing the AD-DSL, if this information is available, it's a good idea to include it. Ideally, you would identify the substance or substances used and where they are leveraged in process. Providing this information helps companies in the aerospace and defense industry understand potential supply chain disruptions if substances cannot be obtained in the future.
Question: My company sells antimicrobial wound dressings. We know the dressings need to comply with the EU Medical Device Regulation (MDR), but we aren't sure whether their packaging materials must also be compliant. The dressings are sealed in a sterile envelope, then packaged in a paperboard carton along with printed product literature. These cartons are packed in larger cardboard boxes or cases. Does any of this packaging material need to comply with the EU MDR?
Raj Takhar: In general, the EU MDR applies only to medical devices themselves rather than packaging or labels. However, the definition of medical devices subject to the substance requirements, per EU MDR Annex I, Section 10.4.1, includes devices, or those parts thereof or those materials used therein, that:
 - "Are invasive and come into direct contact with the human body,
 - (Re)administer medicines, body liquids or other substances, including gases, to/from the body, or
 - Transport or store such medicines, body fluids or substances, including gases, to be (re)administered to the body."
The sterile envelopes in which the dressings are originally sealed likely fall into the "transport or store" aspect of this definition. Both the dressings and their immediate sterile envelopes, then, would be considered medical devices and would need to comply with the EU MDR. The other layers of packaging likely would not.
Question: My company contracts with a manufacturer to produce our products. The manufacturer purchases the raw materials (metal castings) from a foundry based on our specifications, then machines them to make our products. We've asked the manufacturer for data for several product compliance regulations, but they have told us that because they source their materials based on our specifications and don't change the materials during the manufacturing process, they will not provide us with declarations. Is this correct?
James Calder: Your manufacturer should be requesting information from the foundry and providing declarations to you for two reasons.
First, the specifications provided to manufacturers in cases like this often allow for significant variation. They may set performance or quality standards rather than material composition requirements, or may set requirements broadly enough that regulatory compliance status can't be established without additional data. In some cases, multiple specifications may be used and the manufacturer is allowed to choose or switch between them. Specifications don't automatically mean that a product's material composition is predefined.
Second, information sharing in cases like this often depends on established commercial relationships. Since your manufacturer is purchasing the materials from the foundry, the foundry's relationship is with them, as is the economic incentive for the foundry to provide the necessary information.
Question: Are the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) Regulation and the EU Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive referred to by other names or acronyms throughout Europe? My company works with suppliers and customers who speak in French or Italian.
Steve Andrews: In the two languages you mention, the full names of the regulations are:
 - EU RoHS (French): DIRECTIVE 2011/65/UE DU PARLEMENT EUROPÉEN ET DU CONSEIL du 8 juin 2011 relative à la limitation de l'utilisation de certaines substances dangereuses dans les équipements électriques et électroniques.
 - EU RoHS (Italian): DIRETTIVA 2011/65/UE DEL PARLAMENTO EUROPEO E DEL CONSIGLIO dell'8 giugno 2011 sulla restrizione dell'uso di determinate sostanze pericolose nelle apparecchiature elettriche ed elettroniche.
 - REACH (French): RÈGLEMENT (CE) N° 1907/2006 DU PARLEMENT EUROPÉEN ET DU CONSEIL du 18 décembre 2006 concernant l'enregistrement, l'évaluation et l'autorisation des substances chimiques, ainsi que les restrictions applicables à ces substances (REACH), instituant une agence européenne des produits chimiques.
 - REACH (Italian): REGOLAMENTO (CE) n. 1907/2006 DEL PARLAMENTO EUROPEO E DEL CONSIGLIO del 18 dicembre 2006 concernente la registrazione, la valutazione, l'autorizzazione e la restrizione delle sostanze chimiche (REACH), che istituisce un'Agenzia europea per le sostanze chimiche.
However, France and Italy (as well as most other areas of the EU) also commonly abbreviate these regulations as REACH and EU RoHS. Many abbreviations remain the same across language barriers, although the Waste Electrical & Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive is the DEEE Directive in French and the RAEE Direttiva in Italian.
Question: My company is researching ways to improve sustainability. We have come across the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) standards for sustainability and ISO 26000, a sustainability and social responsibility standard from the International Organization for Standardization. How do these standards compare to one another? Do they compete somehow?
Sarah Carpenter: ISO 26000 and the GRI standards work together, taking different approaches to achieve a common goal. ISO 26000 provides guidance on integrating sustainability into a business and its supply chain, while the GRI standards provide a framework for publicly reporting on sustainability issues.
In practice, ISO 26000 offers guidance to provide a structure for companies to organize their sustainability initiatives. The GRI standards establish guidelines that can be used to measure and present the results of these initiatives in the organization's report.
For more questions and answers, visit the last edition of Assent's Ask the Experts blog.
Assent's regulatory subject matter experts provide invaluable insight and guidance. Learn more about how they can help your company by contacting us at


Soil compaction and optimum water content
ele_sand2bdensity2bcones-_PHONE_ Knowing the dry density of soil or pavement is important to evaluate the degree of compaction achieved during the construction process. A field density test is a common test used to determine the field density of the soil or pavement. The principle of field density test is the replacement of soil excavated materials by the sand, the sand density is known so we can calculate the volume of the sand required to fill the hole. By knowing the volume of the hole excavated in soil and the weight of soil, we can calculate the in-situ density. The in-situ density equals the weight of excavated materials divided by the volume of excavated material. Apparatus Sand pouring cylinder equipment
Small sand pouring cylinder equipment: this suitable for fine and medium-grained soil. It consists of a cylinder having a diameter of 100 mm and a length of 380 mm with an inverted funnel at one end and a shutter to open and close for the entry of sand. Also, there will be a metal tray for the excavation of s…
one-wayslab-9307451Design a one-way slab for the inside of a building using the span, loads, and other data given in Figure 1. Normal-weight aggregate concrete is specified with a density of 145 pcf. (assuming cover 3/4 in) Figure 1
Table 1
construction management: concrete construction
bridge construction:How to become a bridge engineer
now we will calculate d=(6-3/4(cover)-1/4(estimated as half diameter of reinforcement) d=5 in
now we will calculate dead load concrete density=145pcf, Usually 5 pcf is added to account for the weight of reinforcement, so 150 pcf is used in calculating the weight of a normal-weight concrete member. dd=(6in*ft/12)*1*150/=75 lb/ft LL=200*(1)=200lb/ft Wu=1.2*75+1.6*200=410 lb/ft
maximum moment for simply supported span =(Wu*L^2)/8 =(410*10^2)/8=8/=5,125lb-ft=61,500lb-in
now we can calculate ρ
Rn=Mu/(ϕ*b*d^2) Rn=(61500)/(0.9*12*(5^2))=227.7
ρ=… Da structure can be called determinate if the equilibrium equation provides enough and sufficient condition for equilibrium. if all forces for a structure can be determined using equilibrium equations only, this structure is determinate, but if the unknown forces are more and cant be determined using equilibrium equations then this structure is general we can determine if a structure is statically determinate or indeterminate by drawing free body diagram for a structure or part of it and comparing a number of unknown forces and moment component with number of available equation of equilibrium. for coplanar structures, we have three equilibrium equations, if n is the total number of parts and r is the number of unknown forces and moment component then:
r=3*n determinate r>3*n indeterminate
construction management: concrete construction
bridge construction:How to become a bridge engineer
statically indeterminate structure cant be solved using equilibrium equations, so…
trus2bcase2b1-_PHONE_ In a truss system, some members are not carrying any force. This called zero-force member. This member may added to increase truss stability. Identifying these members will simplify the process of analyzing truss. the determination of zero force member can be done by inspecting of truss joints, and there are two casesif we check the joint c for truss shown in figure 1, this joint has no external load, and two members are connected to this joint at a right angle. if we sum force in y-direction Σfy=0, we get FCD=0, similarly in x-direction FCB=0. For joint A, no external load applied to this joint. If we sum forces in y-direction Σfy=0, we get FAB=0. Similarly, in x-direction FAE=0. Figure 1
A quick look at this truss. We can notice joint c and joint d with no external load. Inspecting joint C will be a bit difficult because 4 members are connected to joint c. Starting with joint D. member DF is perpendicular to member DE and CD. if we sum the forces in the y-direction. As showing in fig…
pi-1775275Pile cap used to transfer the loads from superstructure to the piling. The pile cap is thick concrete mat rests on piles. It is part of the foundation and used to distribute the loads over the piles. Piles used when the soil bearing is not enough to carry loads of the structure.
construction management: concrete construction
bridge construction:How to become a bridge engineer
Pile cap construction procedure Excavation around piles: After 7 days of the casting of the pile the concrete will gain approximately, 70% of it is compressive strength. The soil around piles will be removed to the required levels and dimension that allows construction of the pile cap. A step shall be made if the excavation is more than 1.5 m to prevent soil collapse. Pile head cutting: Concrete will be removed up to cut off level. If concrete under the cut off level is unsound. It shall be removed, and the pile will be repaired. Pile must be free from cracks and unsound concrete.
 Blinding concrete: after completion o…
flakiness-500x500-_PHONE_ Flaky and elongated aggregates can adversely affect concrete. Flaky and elongated aggregates are difficult to compact. Therefore using flaky and elongated aggregates will reduce concrete workability, which required more amount of water to produce a workable mix. Increasing water content will reduce concrete strength and durability. Moreover, these aggregates are not robust, which leads to lowering concrete strength. Figure 1
construction management: concrete construction
bridge construction:How to become a bridge engineer
The Flakiness Index of aggregates is the percentage by weight of particles whose least dimension (thickness) is less than threefifths (0.6times) of their mean dimension. This test does not apply to sizes smaller than 6.3mm.
The Elongation index of an aggregate is the percentage by weight of particles whose greatest dimension (length) is greater than nine-fifths (1.8times) their mean dimension. Flakiness and elongation tests are not applicable to sizes smaller than 6.3…
0-_PHONE_ A prime coat is the application of low viscosity bituminous materials to the absorptive surface to penetrate, bond, and stabilize the existing surface before laying the asphalt mix. Usually, the prime coat is applied above the aggregate base coarse or granular bases that will receive the asphalt layer. While the tack coat is applied between two layers of asphalt. Tack coat is a very light application of bituminous materials to ensure proper bonding between two binder layers. Figure 1
construction management: concrete construction
bridge construction:How to become a bridge engineer the benefits of using prime coat are as follow: · Prime coat will penetrate and fill the voids of the granular base course. Also, it will coat and bond the mineral particles in the base course to produce a tough and tight surface to receive the binder layer.
· Prime coat will waterproof the granular base course, which provides protection from the wet weather. The prime coat will prevent the base …
load-calculations-2-_PHONE_ Let consider a slab supported by beams and columns, to begin structural analysis for each member, we need to know the amount of load transferred to this member, the amount of load transferred to any member can be determined using tributary area(loading) concept. the geometry of a structure will determine the shape of the tributary area. figure 1
construction management: concrete construction
bridge construction:How to become a bridge engineer
In a one-way system, slab delivers the load to supports by one-way action. the dimension of slab shall satisfy the following equation to act as one-way slab L2/L1>2. let consider floor system in figure 3, L2/L1 for beam AB L2/L1=15/5=3, therefore slab will transfer the loads to beam in one-way action, tributary area for beam AB, E-f will be as shown in figure 3, loads of 100*2.5=250Lb/ft(linearly distributed over the whole length of the beam, for beam CD, the load will be 100*5=500Lb/ft, beam CD will share loads from both sides because it is lo…
2-_PHONE_ Punching shear is a type of failure that occurs on slabs due to high localized loads. In flat slab, this occurs at the columns supports, as shown in figure no:1. The dead and live load of the slab will generate a high shear force around the column's support. If the columns are not well reinforced or the cross-section of columns is not big enough, the punching shear will occur. We can see in figure no:2 that the columns support failed due to punching shear, the columns in this figure seem to punch and penetrate the slabs. Figure 1 Figure 2 The designer should consider punching shear during the design stage. The punching shear design will involve the following steps: ·Checking if the concrete is strong enough to resist punching shear ·If no, we need to add


Do Special Computer Glasses Work?
Advanced Computer Eyewear? Do they really work?
1. Advanced Computer Eyewear? Do they really work?
Glares Main Article 1.jpg
Gunnars have just entered India. They specialise in making Advanced computer eyewear by using a combination of materials and special tints. Gunnars eyewear are designed to not only protect your eyes from harmful radiation, but they are also designed to improve your vision and enhance your experience in front of the computer. So now you really don't have any excuse to get up from that chair. Though, do they really work or is it just an eyewash of hogwash?
2. The Gunnars
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These beauties are what Gunnar's look like. Specially designed eyewear to reduce not only eyestrain but also enhance your vision. Gunnar has taken the trouble to make you look cool while you're at the computer. At first glance they look like normal glasses you can get for 500 bucks with a UV tint, except Gunnars are made with quite a few patent technologies that aren't at all conventional.
3. So whats the tech like?
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The Gunnar frames come in metal, which are tough and look expensive. No cheap chinese maal here. Now the lenses are made of a material called Diamex, which is basically a lightweight glass like material designed to eliminate impurities and haze that causes micro distortions. The Lens geometry is called FRACTYL is a specifically made shape that wraps around your eye preventing air currents from effecting your eye, not only that it acts as a sort of a magnifying glass, so your focal point at all times magnifies the screen. Which works, putting on the glasses, your vision sort of zooms the screen a bit, filling your vision area with it.
4. What about LCD, LED glare?
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Let's face it, we're chained to our computers at work, then we go home where most of us are chained to Facebook, some of us to Farmville. Until we get up and get chained back at work. Those rays from your monitors are killers. So Gunnars have double protection for that, the amber tints they dub Ionik, as well as a special lens coating under that to reduce the glare. The downside of this is that everything looks like it's got a fresh bath of jaundice, the upside is, the glare just doesn't seem to get to you. I worked hours on end with these glasses, and no eye fatigue.
5. So yeah, blah blah, Techstuff, great, but does it really work?
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Yeah, it does, it works quite well actually. If you can get past the yellowness, which if you're not doing anything in design, it's fine. The gaming eyewear also adds a yellow tinge. For designers or people who don't want that tint, Gunnar has a non tinted crystalline pair, though there's just one preset pair. The enhancement is fantastic, the fonts get visibly sharper, and the screen seems visibly bigger. Virtually no distortions. Designers will love the way these glasses show the details. Also the tints cut glare down allowing you to work longer stretches without eye fatigue.
6. So, should I buy them?
Glares Main Article 1.jpg
Without doubt Gunnars revolutionary tech does the trick in sexifying everything, but all their visual magickery comes at a price. Glasses cost at an average of Rs. 4500 and above. Which is sort of worth it if you want ultra comfort, enhanced vision and if you are in front of screens 80% of your waking hours, then Gunnars are a worthy investment. If you want prescription eyewear you will need to contact them on their site for either Amber or Crystalline lens. The standard styles are available at plenty of online retailers, and while it may be a bummer that with online you can't try each pair, but hopefully they should make it to offline retailers soon.
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text:
The echo box performs exactly as its name implies. If you tap out a rhythm on the lid, it will tap the same thing back to you. Except it isn't tapping to make the sound, but vibrating.
The concept is similar to the Knock Block. In that hack, a piezo element detected a rapping on the wooden enclosure and repeated the rhythm by striking the lid with a solenoid. This iteration also uses a piezo element as the sensor. In the image above you can see a segment of PVC pipe in the upper corner. That houses the element, sandwiched between two pieces of wine bottle cork. That cork just touches the lid of the box, transferring the vibrations to the element.
The sound is created by a motor with an offset weight on its spindle. When the motor spins, it causes vibrations. The enclosure is one wood box inside of another, so the vibrating motor cause the inner box to shake against the outer one to make noise. Hear it for yourself in the clip after the break.


text:
Having children and a disability of your own (Om du har barn och har funktionsnedsättning)
Svensk version av sidan
If you have children, it is good idea to talk to your child about your disability. It can help you to understand each other and make everyday life easier. The text is written in an easy to read language (lättläst).
It is important for you as a parent and adult to listen to children's questions and thoughts. It is important to talk to your child about your disability.
You can talk about different situations where the disability affects your family. It may be, for instance, explaining what happens if you get stressed. The children need to understand for themselves and be able to explain it to friends and others.
What can the habilitation clinics (habiliteringscenter) do?
The habilitation clinics can support you when talking to your child about your disability. We can talk to you, with your child or with you together. It can depend on your needs and how old the child is.
If you need more support with other health care, we will help you find the right one. This can be, for example, at child and adolescent psychiatry (BUP) or a healthcare centre (vårdcentral).
What does the law say?
The Healthcare Act states that children have the right to information and support. Everyone who works in healthcare should be able to give it to the children.
The Convention on the Rights of the Child states that all children have the right to say what they think when it concerns them.
In order for the healthcare staff to be able to help the children, we ask all patients if they live with children under the age of 18. It can be your own children, someone else's child or siblings.
If you have questions
If you have questions about children and your disability, you can talk to someone at the habilitation clinic you are in contact with. You can also ask to talk to the children's representative (barnombud). There is a children's representative at each adult habilitation center.


text:
System Composer™ enables the definition, analysis, and specification of architectures and compositions for model-based systems engineering and software design. With System Composer, you allocate requirements while refining an architecture model that can then be designed and simulated in Simulink®.
System Composer lets you create or import architecture models that describe a system in terms of components and interfaces. You can also populate an architecture model from the architectural elements of Simulink designs or C/C++ code. You can create custom live views of the model to study specific design or analysis concerns. With these architecture models you can analyze requirements, capture properties via stereotyping, perform trade studies, and produce specifications and ICDs.
Define an architecture, view component dependencies, and perform analyses.
Create and use Simulink models to specify component behavior.
Extract architecture from a Simulink model.


text:
LibreOffice has an old compatibility issue (inherited from OpenOffice) with Microsoft Office related to text highlighting (character background). During document exchange between the two office suites text highlighting is changed on an unexpected way. The root of the problem is that LibreOffice (LO) and Microsoft Office (MSO) has a different design for character backgrounds and so it's ambiguous how to save LO character background to MSO file formats (ambiguous both to users and to developers). Now this issue is solved by allowing the users to specify the behavior of LO export.
Microsoft Word has a two-character-background concept. One attribute is called shading which lives on more levels of the document model: table cells, paragraphs and characters. With it we can add any background color to the selected object and we also can use it in a theme. The other one is called highlighting which offers a more limited color selection and is used on the analogy of highlighter pen to call attention to a portion of the document.
LibreOffice Writer, in the other hand, supports only one kind of character background which is called also as highlighting. This character background is closer to Word shading attribute, since it has a wider color selection and it's also a specialization of the general background attribute on the same way as shading in Word. An other similarity is that automatic font color interacts with character background in Writer and with shading in Word on a way to make text always visible (e.g. when background is dark then text color becomes white, when the background is light then text color changes to black). Word highlighting doesn't have this kind of behavior.
About Microsoft Word's concept
After I decided to fix this issue the first questions were: How useful is this two-character-background concept of Microsoft Office? Is this something which LibreOffice should support?
I've got the answer: It's not something that LibreOffice needs.
First of all I can't see a real difference between the usage of shading and highlighting in Word. I mean both have the purpose to make some parts of the text more visible (highlight them). Highlighting can be also used for reviewing a document (mark parts of a document temporarily), but both office suits have a Comments feature which includes an integrated highlighting function, which can be more useful for this purpose.
Additonally this concept also leads to misunderstandings among the users. At the first sight it can't be decided whether a highlighted text portion in a document is formatted actually with highlighting or with shading. This becomes worse because of that the highlighting feature is more accessible in some versions of Word and so it is more known by the users as shading which can make users confused when they get a document with character shading. As I see this was the main issue also in case of LibreOffice, because it exported character background as shading to MSO formats and so some of the users were not able to remove this shading in Word by using "Highlight" toolbar button.
Summary, as I see the two-character-background concept does not have a real benefit and also causes problems on the user side so it's not worth to have.
Export as highlighting or as shading
The second question was: How to export LO character background to MSO formats to make the users happy? MSO shading is closer to LO character background in behavior but at the same time highlighting is more accessible in Word and on Writer's user interface character background is called as highlighting. So both attribute can be a good candidate for export.
That's why it seemed the best to have an option to choose between shading and highlighting. I added this option at Tools -> Options -> Load/Save -> Microsoft Office, with which user can specify the behavior of the export. The default became highlighting mainly because in LO character background is called highlighting and so users can expect they will get highlighting in their MSO document and not shading.
|New Microsoft Office compatibility option|
Import of Microsoft Word documents
So far I wrote only about the export of LO character background. The next question is how shading and highlighting are imported from MSO documents and how they saved back. I solved this on the way that both attributes are preserved by import so a Word document will have the same appearance in Writer. If this document is saved without modification, then shading and highlighting will be saved back unchanged.
The difference compared to Word becomes visible by editing. It doesn't matter whether a character background was shading or highlighting in the original document it can be edited by Highlighting toolbar button in Writer. From that point - after a specific text range's background is edited inside LibreOffice - MSO shading and highlighting markers will be removed and will be replaced with LO specific character background. So MSO attributes are preserved until the corresponding text range is edited by LibreOffice.
In the next LibreOffice release users will be able to customize their office suite on one more way by specifying how to export character background to Microsoft Word file formats. I think this is the best we can do here because of the design differences. Well, let's see what users say.
... to those people who sponsored this work on FreedomSponsors:


Genifuel Corporation has facilities in the Western United States.
While aquatic biomass can be grown almost anywhere, the optimum growing location depends primarily on climate (warm and humid all year is best), availability of reasonable amounts of water, availability of a large land area which is not used for other purposes, and proximity to infrastructure for transport of energy (either natural gas or electricity).
If the Genifuel process is used to remediate carbon dioxide emissions from industrial processes, including coal-fired electric generation, then our growing facilities will be located near the industrial plant.
Our licensing partner, the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, is located in Richland, WA. This US Government facility is operated by Battelle for the United States Department of Energy