Sunburnt Aloe Vera Plant from Too Much Sun – Signs + Fixes
One of the most overlooked habits most people growing an aloe vera plant do is letting it bathe in the scorching sun for more extended periods. While the sun is essential for the healthy growth of aloe, too much of it can burn its leaves. Like any other houseplant, an aloe is sensitive to sudden temperature changes and negligence.
Signs for a sunburnt aloe vera plant
A healthy aloe vera should be fleshy, firm, and green. However, determine if your aloe's leaves are wilting or changing color due to overwatering, pests and diseases, potting shock, or too much sun because the symptoms are almost similar. If you suspect that sun scorch is the problem, watch out for the signs.
Here are the signs of a sunburnt aloe plant:
Burn spots on the leaves
Sunburnt aloe plants have burn spots that may appear darkish brown, greyish or black depending on how much of the sun's intensity it has received. Some spots may protrude on the surface of the leaves.
If you notice this symptom, it's time you removed it away from the sun.
Brown leaf tips
The green-colouring matter should be evenly distributed from the base to the tip of the leaf. A sign of brown to fading green signifies sunburn. It's the plant's way of crying for help, prompting you to make a few adjustments.
Even browning of leaves
While browning leaves may be a sign of overwatering or pests and diseases, sunburn can also cause. It's easy to know if the latter is the culprit, mainly if you haven't watered your plant for a while and you're sure that pests or diseases haven't attacked it.
For the first few days, the aloe plant's leaves will start turning yellow but will quickly progress into a darker shade to indicate that the leaves are losing too much water due to sunburn.
Total soil dryness
Take note that soil gets drier during summer and winter. If the soil in your garden or pot is visibly drier than the rest of the days, chances are there is no moisture left in the soil for the plant to feed on.
Therefore, water the roots through the soil at least twice a month during the summer months because the high temperatures increase water loss through leaves and even evaporation from the soil in the pot. The plant doesn't need too much watering during winter.
Droopy and wilting leaves
Aloe vera leaves might lose moisture causing them to become droopy when exposed to too much sunlight. At this point, your succulent is thirsty and if you don't provide water, it will show signs of drooping leaves (wilting) then die if the lack of water is prolonged.
However, sometimes wilting or droopiness of the plant can be caused by other reasons such as the plant being top-heavy, too much moisture, pests, and diseases. Overwatering in aloe vera plants is in most cases the major cause of drooping leaves and not due to sunburn.
Can an aloe plant recover from sunburn?
An aloe can recover from sunburn if you move the plant to a shaded area and water it lightly. Remove the affected leaves and leave the healthy ones to acclimate. If the plant is in a pot, place it in a room that only receives bright indirect light.
Here are a few tips to help your sunburnt aloe recover faster:
 - Since the soil in the pot is dry, add just enough water to make it moist instead of making it too wet. Too much water can lead to root rot that can also kill the succulent.
 - Keep an eye on it for three to four days.
 - If the adjustments fail to revive the scorched aloe, move it to another room until you see positive changes.
For aloes planted in gardens, consider mounting a shade-like structure to it. For example, you can construct the shade using four wooden sticks and dried grass. Dip the sticks into the soil so that it forms a wall-like structure. Use three extra posts to support the dried grass. Now mount the dried grass on top of the four sticks.
Alternatively, you can uproot the plant and re-plant it in a pot using a fresh potting mix. Finally, place the pot in an area with shade.
How to Revive a Sunburnt Aloe Plant
Now that you've known the symptoms of a sunburnt aloe plant, it's time to revive it. The trick to save your aloe plant is to remove anything that increases its chances of wilting due to sunburn.
Here's how to revive a sunburnt aloe plant:
1. Move the pot away from direct sunlight
Assuming your aloe vera plant got sunburns because the pot was in a room allowing direct sunlight, simply move the pot somewhere with indirect sunlight. Ensure the new area receives as little sunlight as possible.
For example, move the plant from an east-facing window to a south facing window, or any window that receives few hours of indirect sunlight. With time, you should see some improvement.
2. Water the succulent to keep the root zone moist
A sunburnt aloe vera plant signifies thirst. That means you have to water it from the roots by placing it in a bowl of water. Leave it there for two to three days. On the third day, you should see the brown leaves turning green again.
From here, you can re-pot it and place it in a room receiving indirect sunlight.
3. Adjust the watering frequency with the seasons
If previously you were used to watering your aloe once a month, it would be best to readjust the watering pattern to two to three week to prevent aloe leaves from being sunburnt during summer.
Slightly increasing the amount of water will help revive the sunburn on your aloe vera plant as soon as the signs start to appear and also while they are still reversible.
4. Cut off the sunburnt leaves
Unfortunately, not all leaves will recover or fade into a tan no matter what you do. If your plant is burnt beyond measure, your only option is to cut off the damaged leaves.
But if they are showing signs of improvement, you can trim them. Use a sharp knife or clippers to avoid damaging the entire leaf structure.
How to prevent aloe plant from sunburn
It's important to note that aloe can survive harsh weather conditions, but that doesn't mean it's immune to the side effects of sunburns. Whether you are a beginner in planting aloes or a professional gardening enthusiast, learning how to prevent an aloe plant from sunburn can save you from heartaches in the future.
The secret is to allow your aloe vera to build up to stronger sun exposure slowly. Let it acclimate to different light settings than they are in.
Prevention of sunburns also involves getting your plant to harden off. This works by placing it outside for full shade for five to six days, then slowly introducing it to two to three hours of the morning sun.
Avoid the afternoon sun as much as you can then from there, increase your plant's sun exposure to over two to three weeks.
Suppose you notice your aloe is struggling with symptoms like browning or wilting away, then there might be other underlying causes other than sun scorch. If the leaves appear mushier and brown than before, your plant could be low on moisture because water should reach the tips last.
You're probably thinking of overwatering as a last resort when in the real sense, you could be doing more harm than good. Consider changing the soil and pot and repeat the process. If it still doesn't revive, it's time to start over with a new plant.
One of the perks that come with planting aloe vera is its resilient nature. It's the reason it grows even in the harshest conditions. However, no matter how tolerant your plant may be, learn from your mistakes. Your watering pattern should neither be obsessive or negligent. Only ensure the plant receives adequate water and sunlight so that you can reap the benefits of having it as a houseplant.
Leave a Comment


text:
Wonder! How to clean a commercial deep fryer? Don't be worried as the cleaning process is simple and you can do it without a cleaning expert. It is a common commercial kitchen appliance that needs regular cleaning. Because a recent study by NFPA shows that 21% of restaurant fires are caused by dirty fryers.
A dirty fryer can change the taste of your food dramatically. Moreover, Its dirtiness may damage the longevity of the machine. A dirty fryer coil may take a longer time than usual that wastes more energy. Therefore get ready with all the supplies to clean the deep commercial fryer.
What You Will Need to Clean the Deep Commercial Fryer?
Before you start cleaning your commercial deep fryer, you need the following supplies. All of the materials are important and you cannot skip any of them.
- Nitrile Gloves: protects your hands and skin from extreme heat.
- Safety Goggles: protect your eyes from a splash of hot oil or water.
- Vinyl Apron: It is a heavy apron that protects your skin and clothes.
- Drain Valve Extension: easily emptied the oil container.
- Scrub Brush Long Handle: it helps to reach where your hand cannot reach.
- Fryer Rod: a metal tool that cleans the food debris
- Fryer Coil Brush: It helps to reach all over the machine to clean inside.
- Stock Pot: a basin to keep the oil.
How to Clean a Commercial Deep Fryer
There are two parts of the machine, the interior, and the coil. First, we will show you the interior cleaning process then we will focus on the coil of the deep fryer. The best way to clean the fryer is to boil it.
Why Should You Boil the Deep Fryer?
Old food and grime can affect the taste of the food and change the flavor as well. There are proteins, polar contaminants, and other materials that can affect your oil to deteriorate. If you boil the fryer all the contaminating will vanish and keep the oil fresh. To start boiling, drain all of the oil to a container then do the following.
- Use a fryer rod to clean the remaining food debris from the dryer.
- Rinse the fryer with hot water to clean the excess stored fat.
- Fill the oil tank of the fryer 3-4" and add fat fryer cleaner. Before that, read the instructions on how much to use the liquid with a specific amount of water.
- Turn on the machine and put it on the medium temperature level. Boil for 20 minutes.
- Let the water cool for 2 hours, drain the water slowly then use a hand brush to clean the interiors of the machine.
- Never use a metal scraper. The metal scrap can damage the components of the fryer and also might leave behind metal shavings.
- Rinse thoroughly with clean water and wipe the interior to avoid oil and water mixing.
While using the machine, there are extra oil drops around the machine, especially at peak hours. Later oil becomes sticky and greasy. Therefore, for a healthy deep fryer, clean the exterior with the following steps.
- Clean the exterior of the fryer with a cleaning spray. We recommend using nine heavy-duty cleaners to remove the grease and disinfect the sticky surface.
- Rub the stubborn spots with a synthetic pad to remove them.
- Wipe the exterior and let it dry completely before starting to use the machine.
- Clean the floor using a degreaser cleaner to disinfect.
- Rinse and dry the exterior of the fryer completely after cleaning is complete.
How to Clean the Coil of the Deep Commercial Fryer
The coil is the main part of the deep fryer that makes oil hot to fry things. Sometimes the food debris and other liquid materials trap the coil. That's why the fryer takes a longer time to heat the oil. To clean the coil you don't have another cleaning process. When you do the above cleaning the coil is cleaned.
Though if you need to clean the coil and the interior of the fryer separately take the coil out. Place it on a big pan and use the scrub to clean if anything is left after boiling. Then wash and wipe it with a clean dry cloth. Place it back and it is ready to use.
How a Deep Fryer Works
The deep-frying cooking method uses fat or oil to cook food. The process works by submerging the food completely into the oil. When food is submerged, the moisture of the food turns into steam. That allows the formation of crust to begin. The surface of the food dries to create a crispy brownie surface.
Benefits of Deep-Frying
A deep fryer has significant importance in a commercial place, as the restaurant needs to cook faster at peak hours. To cook a lot of food at the same time a deep commercial fryer is most essential. Look at its other benefits below.
- It is a faster way of cooking that saves and maintains time.
- When it reaches 3000 F, it creates Maillard and caramelization flavor.
- When the food is cooked with proper heat, it creates a crispy crust surface by drying all of the moisture from the food.
- Food is less greasy and retains its shape.
- Comparatively, it keeps the kitchen neat and clean, which is easy and safe to use.
You may buy a standard and expensive deep fryer but without proper cleaning, a commercial deep fryer is a hazard. To keep it working faster, regular maintenance is essential. Most importantly the deep fryer coil should be cleaned at least once in two weeks.
You can use the special kit to clean but the method we have explained is both effective and economical. However, you should filter the frying oil and clean the exterior every day as the fryer is used rapidly in the restaurant.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text: The site depicted in this painting is Pirlinyarnu (Mt Farewell), about 165km west of Yuendumu in the Northern Territory. Two Jangala men, rainmakers, sang the rain, unleashing a giant storm that collided with another storm from Wapurtali. The two storms travelled across the country, from Karlipinpa near Kintore. A Kirralanji (brown falcon [Falco berigora] ) carried the storm further west until it dropped the storm at Pirlinyarnu, forming an enormous Maliri (lake). A 'mulju' (soakage) exists in this place today. At Puyurru the bird dug up a 'warnayarra' (rainbow serpent). The serpent carried water with it to create another large lake. Whenever it rains today hundreds of 'ngapangarlpa' (bush ducks) still flock to Pirlinyarnu. The 'kirda' (custodians) for this Jukurrpa (dreaming) are the Jangala/Jampijinpa men and Nangala/Nampijinpa women.


text:
enterprise dimensions of learning.
Third, by emphasizing that the highest value is based on "collaborate, develop and empower."
- Knowledge Management — establishes a collaborative knowledge-sharing community
- E-Learning — catalyzes human resource development through a variety of "blended learning" solutions, and
- Performance Support — empowers individual learners to monitor their own performance and access guidance systems in order to achieve higher degrees of productivity, task accomplishment and job satisfaction.
In this way, Cognitive Design Solutions provides a new paradigm of environmental design and delivery — attains new levels of individual and team learning — and achieves new levels of enterprise productivity and innovation.
©2003 Cognitive Design Solutions, Inc.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Query: NC_010682:701912 Ralstonia pickettii 12J chromosome 1, complete sequence
General Information: Ralstonia pickettii 12J was isolated from copper-contaminated sediment from a lake in Michigan, USA. In addition to being highly resistant to copper, strain 12J is also resistant to zinc and cadmium. Ralstonia pickettii can be isolated from a wide range of environmental and clinical samples. This species is a nocosomial pathogen. It is associated with infections caused by contaminated solutions, such as distilled water and intravenous solutions. Ralstonia pickettii strains resistant to heavy metals have also been isolated from heavy metal contaminated environments.
- hypothetical protein; - cds: hover for description
BLASTN Alignment.txt
Subject: NC_013757:_PHONE_ Geodermatophilus obscurus DSM 43160, complete genome


text:
PRG set a new standard for stage automation in 1988 when it introduced the patented Stage Command™ motion control system on Phantom of the Opera. The PRG Stage Command System (SCS) gives designers and operators the reliability to execute even the most complex motion control cues with accuracy, repeatability and unparalleled attention to safety. In the ever-expanding scope of scenic and automated elements, SCS offers the clear solution for today's demanding performance environments.
The cue-based SCS software allows seamless transitions in full view of the audience and creates a world of possibilities for designers. At the core of the Stage Command System are four main components designed to work as a system or as individual products. Complete and accurate control is provided through the proprietary PRG Commander™ console; the SCS PLC Cube (Programmable Logic Controllers) provides a Go/No Go safety check prior to executing a cue; and the SCS Drive Racks house the individual drivers that send control signals to the motion effects.
Finally, the wide range of effects controlled include the SCS Winches, a standardized line of winches, and the SCS Turtle Rotator, which brings rotational motion to a wide range of scenic elements. SCS can also control motors, chain hoists, scenic deck dogs, and traveler track systems.


text:
The field of microvascular surgery is relatively new, with the first operation performed in 1973. After 25 years of development, it now holds a critical position in the care of patients. A free flap is essentially a composite block of tissue transplanted from one part of the body to another distant site where its circulation (artery and vein) is restored utilizing microsurgical techniques. The ability to close wounds and restore form and function utilizing transplanted tissue has forever changed the modern approach to reconstruction and continues to expand the indications for surgery.
The following free flap procedures are performed at UCLA:
Breast: reconstruction with the free TRAM, superior and inferior gluteal flap, TFL flap, Ruben's flap, gracilis flap
Trunk: coverage of the abdomen and chest, specifically following large wounds typically associated with radiation therapy and cancer resections
Head and neck: reconstruction of the mandible, esophagus, scalp and cranial base
Lower extremity: free flap coverage of traumatic wounds and post-oncologic resections, salvage of amputation stumps, bony reconstruction, coverage of nonhealing lower extremity ulcers secondary to diabetes, arterial or venous insufficiency.
Facial re-animation: restoration of facial expression following nerve injury / cancer resections
Hand: wound coverage, digital replacement and reconstruction, functioning muscle transplantation.
Free flap surgery is a complex operation that requires a high degree of surgical expertise and experience. By continued refinement of techniques and a high volume of cases, we have been able to maintain a high rate of success approaching 98% patency rates. Given the low complication rates and high success rates, this field of surgery has shifted from that of being "experimental" and "procedures of last resort" to routine and first-choice reconstructive techniques. Continued research in the field of flap pre-fabrication and tissue engineering will continue to expand this surgical arena.
For more information, contact the following:


Folk dance
From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository
Jump to: navigation, search
Folk dance comprises dances from all over the world that international communities try to preserve exactly as they were performed during their most popular era. Unlike contemporary dance, folk dance choreography works are never altered or changed. Although many people think of group dances when folk dancing is mentioned, solo dances like the Highland Fling are also preserved and showcased by modern-day dancers exactly as they were performed a hundred years ago or more. This reason alone is why Irish dancing is an example of contemporary dance In Irish Stepdancing, new steps/movements and new choreography work are constantly being created. One form is not considered preferable to the other. Additionally, all modern and contemporary dance forms owe a debt to those dancers and teachers who preserved folk dance traditions worldwide because modern/contemporary dance forms emerged from these historical folk movements.


text: This work develops a grid based rainfall-runoff model (GRM), which is a physically based and spatially distributed model. Surface flow was analyzed using a kinematic wave model with the governing equations discretized using the finite volume method (FVM). This paper suggests a grid network flow analysis technique using variable rainfall intensity according to the flow directions to analyze one-dimensional flows between the grids. The model was evaluated by applying it to the Wuicheon watershed, a tributary of the Nakdonggang (Riv.), in Korea. The results showed that the grid-based, one-dimensional kinematic wave model adopted the FVM and the grid network flow analysis technique well. The simulation results showed good agreement with the observed hydrographs and the initial soil saturation ratio was most sensitive to the modeling results.


Random Number Draw
Enter the minimum and maximum numbers and select number of the winners. Then draw it!
Enter The Numbers
Select number of the winners
Random number draw
random number draw random number drawing number draw random number drawer randum drawe random number draws random nimber drawer random drawing of numbers random number draw generator random number draw spinner andom draw generator random number drawing generator wheel random number generator for drawing random number generator for raffle drawing random raffle number picker random draw simulator random draw number generator automatic number draw automatic number generator for raffle automatic number picker for raffle


text:
Question: "Who was the Joshua in Zechariah 3:1-10?"
Answer: Joshua is mentioned as the high priest in Zechariah 3:1-10, but who exactly was he?
First, a disambiguation: the Joshua mentioned in Zechariah is a different person from the Joshua whose name is used as the title of the biblical book of Joshua. That Joshua was the assistant to Moses who led Israel across the Jordan River and led their conquest of the Promised Land in 1400 B.C.
The Joshua of Zechariah 3 was a Levite and descendant of Aaron in post-exilic Jerusalem in approximately 538 B.C. Joshua's name also appears as "Jeshua" and is listed as one of the first of those returning from Babylon in Nehemiah 7:7: "They came with Zerubbabel, Jeshua, Nehemiah, Azariah...."
The prophet Haggai also refers to the high priest Joshua: "In the second year of Darius the king [537 B.C.], in the sixth month, on the first day of the month, the word of the LORD came by the hand of Haggai the prophet to Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel, governor of Judah, and to Joshua the son of Jehozadak, the high priest" (Haggai 1:1).
Joshua would soon help rebuild the temple (Ezra 5:1-2). God used the prophets Haggai and Zechariah to communicate His command to rebuild the temple and encourage the people in their work. Joshua served as the spiritual leader and high priest who supported the effort, and Zerubbabel was the governor of Judah, also involved in the work.
As the first high priest in the rebuilt Jerusalem, Joshua played a significant historical role and was a precursor to Ezra, who came to Jerusalem during the second wave of returning exiles.
God told the prophet Zechariah to place a crown on Joshua's head: "Take the silver and gold and make a crown, and set it on the head of the high priest, Joshua son of Jehozadak" (Zechariah 6:11). Joshua was already the high priest, and the prophet was to symbolically crown him king. The coronation was to serve as an encouragement to Joshua in his work of rebuilding the temple. Also, it was a visual prophecy of the future Messiah—who would be both high priest (Hebrews 6:20) and king (Matthew 27:11). Significantly, the name "Joshua" is the Hebrew equivalent of the Greek name "Jesus." Thus, the priest-king Joshua was a foreshadowing of the coming Messiah, and the similarity extended even to his name.
© Copyright 2002-2013 Got Questions Ministries.


text:
[N] 2007 Misleading interpretations of \\\\\\\"gastroliths\\\\\\\"
Wings, O. 2007. A review of gastrolith function with implications for fossil vertebrates and a revised classification. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 52(1):1-16.
ABSTRACT: Misleading interpretations of \\\\\\\"gastroliths\\\\\\\" in fossil taxa have complicated the use of this term in palaeontology. This paper reviews the definitions and ascribed functions of gastroliths. According to the suggested definition, gastroliths are hard objects within the digestive tract of animals-without specification of the mechanisms that are responsible for their accumulation.
To further improve definitions, the origin-based terms \\\\\\\"bio-gastrolith\\\\\\\", \\\\\\\"patho-gastrolith\\\\\\\", and \\\\\\\"geo-gastrolith\\\\\\\" are introduced. The term \\\\\\\"exolith\\\\\\\" is introduced for isolated clasts with a possible history as geo-gastroliths. Hypotheses about the function of stomach stones in fossil and extant taxa are reviewed, discussed and supplemented with new research.
Trituration and mixing of foodstuff are the generally accepted functions of gastroliths in many vertebrates, including birds. In contrast, ballast provided by swallowed stones is considered to be of limited importance for buoyancy in aquatic animals. Other functional hypotheses include mineral supply and storage, stomach cleaning, maintenance of a beneficial microbial gut flora, destruction of parasites and alleviation of hunger.
Accidental ingestion of sediment, either by being mistaken for prey, by being attached to it, during playing or due to pathological behaviour, is considered to be common. Different functions may overlap in various taxa.


Religion & Ethics: Content from Across the ABC
Date/Time 29 Dec 2014 3:52:42pm
The author proposes that religious instruction "should be for the sake of social cohesion" and "as a gateway to learning about and celebrating diversity".
In other words, religious instruction should be used as a vehicle to preach her religion, multiculturalism, whose very motto "Unity through celebrating diversity" provides sufficient warning of its inevitable failure, to those of us not of the faith.
Never mind that people who are vastly more informed than the author have already declared its failure -
'Nicolas Sarkozy joins David Cameron and Angela Merkel view that multiculturalism has failed':
Furthermore, one way migration from Islamic to Western countries testifies to the superiority of the Judaeo-Christian over the Islamic model. The Muslims are voting with their feet. The only way multiculturalists can get around this reality is by denying the West's "Judaeo-Christian heritage".
Why then should Islam be given equal time to Christianity in Australian classrooms, especially given that it is practised by only 2.2% (author's figure) of the population? And why should religious instruction be used as a front for promoting the failed policy of multiculturalism?


contains special instructions that trigger the calling of :func:'sys.displayhook' for any expression in the block that returns a value. This means that a single statement can actually produce multiple calls to :func:'sys.displayhook', if for example it contains a loop where each iteration computes an unassigned expression would generate 10 calls:: for i in range(10): i**2 *exec* An arbitrary amount of source code, this is how modules are compiled. :func:'sys.displayhook' is *never* implicitly called. *eval* A single expression that returns a value. :func:'sys.displayhook' is *never* implicitly called. The ''code'' field is split into individual blocks each of which is valid for execution in'single' mode, and then: - If there is only a single block: it is executed in'single' mode. - If there is more than one block: * if the last one is a single line long, run all but the last in 'exec' mode and the very last one in'single' mode. This makes it easy to type simple expressions at the end to see computed values. * if the last one is no more than two lines long, run all but the last in 'exec' mode and the very last one in'single' mode. This makes it easy to type simple expressions at the end to see computed values. - otherwise (last one is also multiline), run all in 'exec' mode * otherwise (last one is also multiline), run all in 'exec' mode as a single unit. Any error in retrieving the ''user_variables'' or evaluating the ''user_expressions'' will result in a simple error message in the return fields of the form:: [ERROR] ExceptionType: Exception message The user can simply send the same variable name or expression for evaluation to see a regular traceback. Errors in any registered post_execute functions are also reported similarly, and the failing function is removed from the post_execution set so that it does not continue triggering failures. Upon completion of the execution request, the kernel *always* sends a reply, with a status code indicating what happened and additional data depending on the outcome. See :ref:'below ' for the possible return codes and associated data. Execution counter (old prompt number) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The kernel has a single, monotonically increasing counter of all execution requests that are made with ''silent=False''. This counter is used to populate the ''In[n]'', ''Out[n]'' and ''_n'' variables, so clients will likely want to display it in some form to the user, which will typically (but not necessarily) be done in the prompts. The value of this counter will be returned as the ''execution_count'' field of all ''execute_reply'' messages... _execution_results: Execution results ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Message type: ''execute_reply'':: content = { # One of: 'ok' OR 'error' OR 'abort''status' : str, # The global kernel counter that increases by one with each non-silent # executed request. This will typically be used by clients to display # prompt numbers to the user. If the request was a silent one, this will # be the current value of the counter in the kernel. 'execution_count' : int, } When status is 'ok', the following extra fields are present:: { # 'payload' will be a list of payload dicts. # Each execution payload is a dict with string keys that may have been # produced by the code being executed. It is retrieved by the kernel at # the end of the execution and sent back to the front end, which can take # action on it as needed. See main text for further details. 'payload' : list(dict), # Results for the user_variables and user_expressions. 'user_variables' : dict, 'user_expressions' : dict, }.. admonition:: Execution payloads The notion of an 'execution payload' is different from a return value of a given set of code, which normally is just displayed on the pyout stream through the PUB socket. The idea of a payload is to allow special types of code, typically magics, to populate a data container in the IPython kernel that will be shipped back to the caller via this channel. The kernel has an API for this in the PayloadManager:: ip.payload_manager.write_payload(payload_dict) which appends a dictionary to the list of payloads. When status is 'error', the following extra fields are present:: { 'ename' : str, # Exception name, as a string 'evalue' : str, # Exception value, as a string # The traceback will contain a list of frames, represented each as a # string. For now we'll stick to the existing design of ultraTB, which # controls exception level of detail statefully. But eventually we'll # want to grow into a model where more information is collected and # packed into the traceback object, with clients deciding how little or # how much of it to unpack. But for now, let's start with a simple list # of strings, since that requires only minimal changes to ultratb as # written. 'traceback' : list, } When status is 'abort', there are for now no additional data fields. This happens when the kernel was interrupted by a signal. Kernel attribute access -----------------------.. warning:: This part of the messaging spec is not actually implemented in the kernel yet. While this protocol does not specify full RPC access to arbitrary methods of the kernel object, the kernel does allow read (and in some cases write) access to certain attributes. The policy for which attributes can be read is: any attribute of the kernel, or its sub-objects, that belongs to a :class:'Configurable' object and has been declared at the class-level with Traits validation, is in principle accessible as long as its name does not begin with a leading underscore. The attribute itself will have metadata indicating whether it allows remote read and/or write access. The message spec follows for attribute read and write requests. Message type: ''getattr_request'':: content = { # The (possibly dotted) name of the attribute 'name' : str, } When a ''getattr_request'' fails, there are two possible error types: - AttributeError: this type of error was raised when trying to access the given name by the kernel itself. This means that the attribute likely doesn't exist. - AccessError: the attribute exists but its value is not readable remotely. Message type: ''getattr_reply'':: content = { # One of ['ok', 'AttributeError', 'AccessError'].'status' : str, # If status is 'ok', a JSON object. 'value' : object, } Message type: ''setattr_request'':: content = { # The (possibly dotted) name of the attribute 'name' : str, # A JSON-encoded object, that will be validated by the Traits # information in the kernel 'value' : object, } When a ''setattr_request'' fails, there are also two possible error types with similar meanings as those of the ''getattr_request'' case, but for writing. Message type: ''setattr_reply'':: content = { # One of ['ok', 'AttributeError', 'AccessError'].'status' : str, } Object information ------------------ One of IPython's most used capabilities is the introspection of Python objects in the user's namespace, typically invoked via the ''?'' and ''??'' characters (which in reality are shorthands for the ''%pinfo'' magic). This is used often enough that it warrants an explicit message type, especially because frontends may want to get object information in response to user keystrokes (like Tab or F1) besides from the user explicitly typing code like ''x??''. Message type: ''object_info_request'':: content = { # The (possibly dotted) name of the object to be searched in all # relevant namespaces 'name' : str, # The level of detail desired. The default (0) is equivalent to typing # 'x?' at the prompt, 1 is equivalent to 'x??'. 'detail_level' : int, } The returned information will be a dictionary with keys very similar to the field names that IPython prints at the terminal. Message type: ''object_info_reply'':: content = { # The name the object was requested under 'name' : str, # Boolean flag indicating whether the named object was found or not. If # it's false, all other fields will be empty. 'found' : bool, # Flags for magics and system aliases 'ismagic' : bool, 'isalias' : bool, # The name of the namespace where the object was found ('builtin', #'magics', 'alias', 'interactive', etc.) 'namespace' : str, # The type name will be type.__name__ for normal Python objects, but it # can also be a string like 'Magic function' or 'System alias' 'type_name' : str, # The string form of the object, possibly truncated for length if # detail_level is 0'string_form' : str, # For objects with a __class__ attribute this will be set 'base_class' : str, # For objects with a __len__ attribute this will be set 'length' : int, # If the object is a function, class or method whose file we can find, # we give its full path 'file' : str, # For pure Python callable objects, we can reconstruct the object # definition line which provides its call signature. For convenience this # is returned as a single 'definition' field, but below the raw parts that # compose it are also returned as the argspec field. 'definition' : str, # The individual parts


text:
Be an Ethical Angler
An ethical angler does more than just follow fishing regulations
Photo credit: Texas Parks and Wildlife
Do the right thing. When making a choice, ask yourself the following questions:
- Is it legal?
- Would it be good if everyone did it?
- Would it make you proud?
Ethical anglers respect the rights of others who are fishing or using the water. Ethical behavior includes picking up your trash, collecting and properly disposing of any fishing line you find, and never dumping any pollutants, such as gasoline or oil, into the water. The ethical angler values and respects the aquatic environment and all living things in it. Never release live bait fish into the water because this can put unwanted, potentially harmful, species into the water. Carefully handle and release alive all fish you catch but do not intend to keep.


text:
It can also be used to refill Hydrogen Bottles by placing it into the tank's inventory and clicking on Refill Bottles, assuming that auto-refill isn't checked.
The hydrogen can be produced from Ice much the same as Oxygen inside H2/O2 Generators. The hydrogen tank must be directly connected via Conveyor blocks in order to receive hydrogen from the generator, and also to send the fuel to the hydrogen thrusters.
The colored indicators on the tank show at a glance the current hydrogen level inside the tank.
Hydrogen TankThe large version of the hydrogen tank holds a massive 15,000,000 L
Small Hydrogen TankThe small version of the hydrogen tank holds a smaller total of gas (1,000,000 L
- Using a Connector block, you can vent the hydrogen out of the tanks by switching it to Throw Out mode much the same way you can with oxygen tanks.
Interface name: IMyGasTank
- Unlike cargo containers the actual cargo of the hydrogen tank does not in any way influence its mass. Therefore the large block tank will ALWAYS have a mass of 8,161.6 kg8,161,600 gtons whether it's completely full of hydrogen or not.
|Small Hydrogen Tanks introduced
|Hydrogen Tanks introduced
|Hydrogen Tank capacity increased.


text:
The SharePoint Search Data Provider and Data Source allow querying data from the SharePoint Online Search. They can be used to serve data for the different widgets available in the hub.
They can be configured either by the properties of the SharePointSearchDataProviderConfig type or the properties of the SearchDataSourceUserConfig.
There are already a lot of preconfigured properties mappers that simplify the access to the properties of the result items returned by the data provider or the data source. You can find them listed in the reference where their names start with


text:
Having a dog can be a very rewarding experience. However, it can also be a source of frustration when they start urinating inside the house. It is important to understand the causes of urine marking before attempting to stop it. This article will explain what can be done to stop a dog from urinating in the house.
Causes of Urine Marking
Urine marking is an instinctive behavior in dogs, and it is commonly caused by stress, fear, or a lack of proper potty training. Dogs may also start to mark their territory if they feel threatened by a new pet or person in the house. Other causes can include medical issues, such as urinary tract infections or bladder stones.
Solutions to Stop Urine Marking
The first step in solving the issue of urine marking is to identify the cause. If the cause is medical, it is important to take the dog to the vet to get a proper diagnosis and treatment. If the cause is behavioral, there are several steps that can be taken to stop the behavior.
The first step is to provide the dog with proper potty training. This may include providing the dog with a designated area to urinate, and rewarding them with treats or praise when they use it. It is also important to make sure that the dog has plenty of opportunities to go outside and relieve themselves.
For dogs that are marking due to stress, it is important to provide them with a safe and calm environment. This may include giving them a quiet place to retreat to when they are feeling stressed or anxious. It is also important to provide them with plenty of exercise and mental stimulation.
In some cases, a dog may be marking due to the presence of a new pet or person in the house. In this situation, it is important to introduce the new pet or person gradually, and to provide the dog with plenty of positive reinforcement when they are around them.
Finally, it is important to use a deterrent spray to discourage the dog from urinating in the house. These sprays usually contain citronella or other unpleasant scents, and can be sprayed on areas where the dog has previously marked.
Urine marking can be a frustrating and difficult behavior to address. However, by understanding the causes of the behavior and taking the proper steps to address it, it is possible to stop a dog from urinating in the house. With patience and consistency, it is possible to help your dog learn appropriate potty behavior and keep your house clean.
No one enjoys living in a home that reeks of pet urine, and it's even more frustrating when you can't understand why your loyal canine is urinating indoors. While medical issues and insecurity could possibly be at the core of the problem, there are numerous steps you can take to prevent your dog from relieving themselves inside your home. First and foremost, a well-trained dog is less likely to break the house rules and relieving themselves indoors. It's essential to reinforce proper house habits from a young age and have a consistent approach to teaching behaviour.
If your pooch is already house trained and chooses to ignore their bathroom etiquette, scent deterrents are a great way to deter them from relieving themselves in select parts of your home. Commercial products like Pet Organics No-Go spray and the Vet's Best Dog Urine Destroyer eliminate odours and offer a temporary yet effective method for training. These traits are essential for the long-term success of training your dog, and it's also important to reward your pup when they do the right thing.
You can make your own scent deterring sprays using natural aromas like vinegar, lemon, or lavender, which can also neutralise pet-ridden odours and keep your pet from leaving puddle prints around the house. By mixing one part of your desired liquid with three parts of water, you can spray the mixture on to the floor or any other area where your puppy seems to tinkle. Just make sure whatever you use is pet safe.
Finally, it's worth noting that all things come back to prevention and thoughtfulness. If you're aware of your dog's pre-potty cues, such as restlessness and whines, you can use this to your advantage and take them outside for a 'time-out'. This can not only be a great bonding activity, but it can also serve as a helpful reminder for your pet that the great outdoors and not your living room, is the best spot to be a good pup.


text:
Nunn, D (ed.)
A novel technique for the numerical simulation of hot collision-free plasma; Vlasov Hybrid Simulation.
Journal of Computational Physics, 108,.
This paper presents a highly efficient and stable algorithm for the numerical simulation of collision free plasma. This algorithm has been successfully used to numerically model non linear electron cyclotron resonance in VLF band radio waves in space, and has produced good simulations of radio emissions such as 'dawn chorus' and 'triggered VLF emissions'. The algorithm fills the phase box with simulation particles which represent phase space trajectories. Particle trajectories are followed forwards continuously in time without restarts, and these particles are followed until either the simulation ends or the particles exit from the phase box. Liouville's theorem tells us that distribution function F is conserved along these trajectories, and so F is known at the phase space points represented by the particle positions. No phase space volume is associated with these particles. At each time step F is truly interpolated, and not distributed from particles to the regular phase space grid, solely for the purpose of calculating plasma charge and current fields. For this operation a cheap low order interpolation is useable. The algorithm is simple, robust and highly efficient. There is NO diffusion in phase space whatsoever, and fine structure is merely undersampled and does not cause any instability problems. Regions of phase space where F=0 are cost free as no particles need be provided. The algorithm readily accomodates situations where phase fluid flows into or out of the phase box. The method has been successfully applied to the numerical modelling of the triggering of VLF emissions
Actions (login required)


Back to Volume
Paper: An Intensive HST/COS Study of 31 CV WDs
Volume: 493, 19th European Workshop on White Dwarfs
Page: 521
Authors: Pala, A. F.; Gänsicke, B. T.; Beuermann, K.; Bildsten, L.; De Martino, D.; Godon, P.; Henden, A. A.; Hubeny, I.; Knigge, C.; Long, K. S.; Marsh, T. R.; Patterson, J.; Schreiber, M. R.; Sion, E. M.; Szkody, P.; Townsley, D.; Zorotovic, M.
Abstract: Accretion is the key ingredient in the evolution of white dwarfs (WDs) in cataclysmic variables (CVs), with important implications for their potential as progenitors for Type Ia Supernovae. The effective temperature (Teff) gives a direct measure of the average accretion rate and we report here the Teff measurement for 31 CV WDs, observed as a part of a 122 orbit HST program. The HST spectra alone cannot resolve the degeneracy between Teff and the surface gravity log g, and we will use phase-resolved X-Shooter observations to (i) measure the mass ratio of the CVs from the reflex motion of both the WD and the donor star (ii) to establish the spectral energy distribution (SED), which constrains both Teff and log g. Combining the X-Shooter and HST data, we can measure the WD masses to a few percent, and will be able to answer the question whether accreting CV WDs grow in mass.
Back to Volume


Henry County AlArchives Biographies.....Ward, John B. August 31 1849 - living in 1893 ************************************************ Copyright. All rights reserved. _URL_ _URL_ ************************************************ File contributed for use in USGenWeb Archives by: Ann Anderson _EMAIL_ May 27, 2004, 4:12 pm Author: Brant & Fuller (1893) JOHN B. WARD, farmer of Abbeville, is one of the progressive men of Henry county. He was born August 31, 1856, in Henry county, and was the first child by the second marriage of J. J. Ward to Martha Ward, the former a native of Henry county, and a planter by profession. His first marriage was to a Mrs. Kelley, of Pike county. By this marriage he had four children, two of whom survive. He was a man of wide acquaintance, and attained considerable distinction. His death occurred in 1879, being then fifty years of age. While he was a man of limited education, he was of unlimited energy and pluck. His father represented Henry county for twelve consecutive years. The mother of John B. Ward was also a native of Alabama. She was born in 1832, and grew to womanhood in Henry county, having the advantages of the common school. She was married in her twenty-fifth year to Mr. Ward, this being her second marriage. She died in her fifty-second year. John B. Ward began life on the farm, performing various duties incident to farm life, and attending school until he was fourteen years old. His education was then brought to an abrupt termination by the death of his father. He being the eldest of the family, the management of the farm devolved upon him. He proved equal to the emergency, though, and through his management, the farm was operated with success. In 1868, he was nominated for the legislature, and was elected by a majority of 1,400. He served during the years 1888-89, and during this time secured the passage of a bill providing for the erection of a new and modern court house, and also securing the establishment of an agricultural school and experiment farm at Abbeville, which is now meeting with success and the approbation of the people. This school he secured by his own efforts, engaging the house in a three-day struggle, before he accomplished his purpose. This school is termed the Southeast Alabama agricultural school and experiment station. The securing of this establishment was the means of his defeat for the following term, the people then not recognizing the great value of such an institution. They therefore voted against him. He, however, attended the legislature as a lobbyist, and secured the passage of a measure appropriating $2,000 for the support of this school. This bill was vetoed by the governor. Mr. Ward is now a candidate for re-election. He owns a fine farm of 1,500 acres, and he and his brother own 3,000 of timber and improved land. In 1872, Mr. Ward removed with his family to Abbeville, and has resided there ever since. In 1875, he was married to Miss Norah E. Newman, daughter of George Newman, a farmer and merchant of Henry county. This lady was born near Abbeville, and had the advantages of the best of schooling, attending the high school of Clayton, Barbour county. She was married at the age of seventeen, and has had nine children, four of whom survive: Miss Norah B., who is in attendance at the Judson institute, at Marion, Ala.; George A., who is at school at Abbeville; James, also going to school at Abbeville, and Robert W. Mr. J. B. Ward has been a member of the municipal board for years; is superintendent of the Missionary Baptist Sunday school, and is a moderator of the Judson association of the Baptist church. Both he and wife are members of the Missionary Baptist church. He is a democrat both by inheritance and conviction, and is public spirited, fearless in his views, takes an interest in everything that promises to advance the material interests of the county. Additional Comments: from "Memorial Record of Alabama", Vol. I, p. _PHONE_ Published by Brant & Fuller (1893) Madison, WI This file has been created by a form at _URL_ File size: 4.2 Kb


Are characters really all that special?
Are characters really all that special?
Browsing through the history of literature, you are likely to find authors poking fun at their characters for just being words on the page. As George Eliot writes in Middlemarch, "'He has got no good red blood in his body,' said Sir James. 'No somebody put a drop under a magnifying glass, and it was all semicolons and parentheses,' said Mrs Cadwallader." Authors are acutely aware that their characters-as-people are nothing more than characters-as-type.
On the other hand, if you browse through readers' responses to literature you will find a lot of swooning over characters. Characters occupy a lot of our focus and attention when we read (for obvious reasons).
All of this raises an interesting research question: how are characters distinctively signalled by authors to produce such reader responses? What makes characters so special?
To try to understand this idea of the distinctiveness of literary characters — how they stand out in the texts in which they appear — I undertook the following set of experiments (all outlined in Chapter 5 of Enumerations). To understand the relative strength of the semantic distinctiveness of characters, I first treat characters as a "vocabulary distribution" of dependent words. What this means in practice is that I first identify a character's location in a text, and then accumulate all of the words that stand in a dependent relationship with that character. David Bamman defines four key dimensions of a character's semantic identity:
 1. What characters do.
 2. What characters have done to them.
 3. How characters are modified.
 4. What characters possess.
Bamman's schema gives us a nice model for capturing what I call "the character text" of a novel — all of the words associated with characters (not including dialogue, which I would treat as its own text-within-a-text).
Once I have these representations of characters, I then proceed to test how informationally rich characters are, using two methods. The first is to use machine learning, where I compare the predictability of a text first using all the words of a novel and then again using only words associated with characters and words not associated with characters. As the following table shows, we see no decrease in predictive accuracy when we compare models without characters and models with only characters. In other words, if you read a novel without characters, you could tell its genre as well as if you read the same novel with only characters. Characters do not appear to contain any additional knowledge about the kind of text you're reading.
I found this a very surprising insight about the nature of literary character.
The second test I ran is to compare the semantic similarity of characters between novels and compare that level to the semantic similarity between characters and the novels they come from. Are characters more similar to their works or to other characters from completely different works? Here, the results are even stronger. In the following figure you see the rates of Kullback-Leibler Divergence (KLD) for random sets of characters when compared either to other characters from other novels or the novels from which they come. KLD captures how much information is lost when we approximate one probability distribution by another. In our case this means the higher the number the more surprising the one distribution looks from the perspective of the other. Below you see how approximating characters by other novels' characters is way less surprising than approximating characters by the language of the novels they come from.
Again, this really caught me by surprise. I assumed that characters would bear a fair amount of a novelist's signature and certain plot points would just make them look like the worlds from which they derive. But it is quite the opposite. Characters are much more similar to other characters from totally distinct worlds (I did keep the genre constant however, so mysteries are compared to mysteries, etc).
I then went on to test a bunch of other possible scenarios. Characters are also more similar to each other in the same novel than other nouns are to each other from the same novel. There is more semantic homogeneity surrounding the practice of characterization than other kinds of nouns in novels. Even if we do this over time, nouns are more distinctive — if we compare the semantic framing of common nouns in novels to themselves in the first and second halves of a novel there is more dissimilarity than for characters. While we think of characters "changing" or "evolving" this is not semantically the case compared to other nouns like "tree" or "apple."
All of this puts pressure on the idea of the specialness of character. And yet of course we know as readers that characters are special. We really care about them! What I think these findings gesture towards are two future directions of research: a) thinking more about the role of dialogue for grounding characters' distinctiveness; and b) thinking about the role the reader plays in imagining these differences. How much is occurring on the page and how much am I as reader enlivening these figures of speech? I suspect humans have a very powerful personification engine in their brains that does a lot of the work that language isn't doing here. But that is, as they say, a question for future research.


Forex Walkthrough
Charts - The Bearish Diamond
For years, common formations such as pennants, flags and double bottoms and tops have been used by traders in the currency markets. A less talked about, but equally useful, pattern that occurs in the currency markets is the bearish diamond top formation, commonly known as the diamond top.
The diamond top generally occurs at the top of considerable uptrends. It effectively signals impending shortfalls and retracements with relative accuracy and ease. This formation can also be applied to any time frame, especially daily and hourly charts, as the wide swings often seen in the currency markets will offer traders plenty of opportunities to trade.
Identifying and Trading the Formation
The diamond top formation is established by first isolating an off-center head-and-shoulders formation and applying trendlines dependent on the subsequent peaks and troughs. It gets its name from the fact that the pattern bears a resemblance to a four-sided diamond.
Let's break the process down step-by-step using the Australian dollar/U.S. dollar (AUD/USD) currency pair (Figure 1) as our example. First, we identify an off-center head-and-shoulders formation in a currency pair. Next, we draw resistance trendlines, first from the left shoulder to the head (line A) and then from the head to the right shoulder (line B). This forms the top of the formation; as a result, the price action should not break above the upper trendline resistance formed by the right shoulder. The idea is that the price action consolidates before the impending shortfall, and any penetrations above the trendline would ultimately make the pattern ineffective, as it would mean that a new peak has been created. As a result, the trader would be forced to consider either reapplying the trendline (line B) that runs from the head to the right shoulder, or disregarding the diamond top formation altogether, since the pattern has been broken.
To establish lower trendline support, the technician will simply eye the lowest trough established in the formation. Bottom-side support can then be drawn by connecting the bottom tail to the left shoulder (line C) and then connecting another support trendline from the tail to the right shoulder (line D). This connects the bottom half with the top and completes the pattern.
Notice how the rightmost angle of the formation also resembles the apex of a symmetrical triangle pattern and points to a breakout.
Figure 1: Identifying a diamond top formation using the AUD/USD.
Source: FXTrek Intellicharts
Figure 2 below shows a zoomed in view of Figure 1. We can see that a sessioncandle closed below or "broke" the support trendline (line D.i.), indicating a move lower. The diamond top trader would profit from this by placing an entry order below the close of the support line at 0.7504, while also placing a stop-loss slightly above the same line to minimize any potential losses should the price bounce back above. The standard stop should be placed 50 pips higher at 0.7554. In our example, the stop order would not have been executed because the price did not bounce back, instead falling 150 pips lower in one session before falling even further later on.
Figure 2: A closer look at the diamond top formation using the AUD/USD. Notice how the position of the entry is just below the support line (D.i.).
Source: FXTrek Intellicharts
Finally, profit targets are calculated by taking the width of the formation from the head of the formation (the highest price) to the bottom of the tail (the lowest price). Continuing with our example using the AUD/USD currency pair, Figure 3 shows how this would be done. In Figure 3, the AUD/USD exchange rate at the top of the formation is 0.8003. The bottom of the diamond top is exactly 0.7250. This leaves 753 pips between the two prices that we use to form the maximum price where we can take profits. To be safe, you should set two targets in which to take profits. The first target will require taking the full amount, 753 pips, and taking half that amount and subtracting it from our entry price. Then, the first target will be 0.7128. The price target that will maximize our profits will be 0.6751, calculated by subtracting the full 753 pips from the entry price.
Figure 3: The price target is calculated on the same example of the AUD/USD.
Using a Price Oscillator Helps
A key to successful trading is to always receive affirmation, and the diamond top pattern is no different. Adding a price oscillator such as moving average convergence divergence and the relative strength index can increase the accuracy of your trade, since tools like these can gauge price action momentum and be used to confirm the break of support or resistance. (To learn more, see Getting To Know Oscillators.)
By applying the stochastic oscillator to our example (Figure 4 below), the investor confirms the break below support through the downward cross that occurs in the price oscillator (point X).
Figure 4: The cross of the stochastic momentum indicator (point X) is used to confirm the downward move
Source: FXTrek Intellicharts
The bearish diamond top is often overlooked because it happens so infrequently, but it is still very effective in displaying potential opportunities in the forex market. When this formation is combined with a price oscillator, the trade becomes an even better catch - the price oscillator enhances the overall likelihood of a profitable trade by gauging price momentum and confirming weakness as well as weeding out false breakout/breakdown trades. (To learn about other tools used in technical analysis, see our Introduction To Technical Analysis tutorial.)
You May Also Like
Related Articles
 1. Trading Strategies
 How To Best Analyze Relative Strength
 2. Trading Strategies
 Understanding Bottoms & Bottoming Patterns
 3. Charts & Patterns
 Why These May Be the Top 4 Growth Stocks...
 4. Chart Advisor
 Interested in Growth Stocks? See These...
 5. Chart Advisor
 Watch Out For Falling Copper Prices
Trading Center


text:
This video, captured by University of California Santa Cruz professor Giacomo Bernardi, shows an orange-dotted tuskfish (Choerodon anchorago) cracking open a clam by throwing it against a rock. Other fish from the wrasse family have also been observed using similar techniques to crack open clams. These include the blackspot tuskfish (Choerodon schoenleinii), yellowhead wrasse (Halichoeres garnoti), and a sixbar wrasse (Thalassoma hardwicke). Tool use among fish is not well-studied. For a fish to plan such an elaborate scheme (digging up the clam, finding a suitable rock to use as an anvil, and cracking the clam open) is really quite impressive. More research into the use of tools by these beautiful fish is clearly warranted.
In his short article, Dr. Bernardi describes how this behavior is exhibited in three genera of wrasses (the ancestral Choerodon, and the more derived Halichoeres and Thalassoma). Because the animals use the same similar movements of the head to toss the clams, he suggests that these behaviors may either have evolved independently for the species mentioned or may be a common trait that might be found in other wrasse.
Bernardi G. The Use of Tools by Wrasses (Labridae). Coral Reefs. September 20, 2011.


text:
- 12.01.10 |
- 10:36 am |
In a recent episode of MythBusters, Adam and Jamie revisited the 'escape from an underwater car myth'. I have to say, this one was quite exciting. They put Adam in a car (with a safety diver) and dumped it in a lake. There were cables to prevent the car from going deeper than 15 feet, but this was still a rather scary myth. I have to say that I consider myself to be fairly comfortable in underwater situations, but I was nervous for Adam in this case. It just looked scary.
The first shot they showed of Adam escaping the car looked fine. However, it was then revealed that he cheated. He had to use some of the air from the emergency diver. This is part that also worries me. One of the most important rules that no one ever uses when scuba diving is: don't hold your breath while ascending. I am not saying Adam held his breath, it just wasn't clear that he didn't. In fact, this was also a concern of mine when they were doing the spinning around tests in a 10 foot deep pool.
So, why is there is no breath holding rule in scuba diving? First let me start with pressure where pressure is the force per unit area:
As you go deeper in water (or even in the atmosphere), the pressure of that fluid (or gas) increases. Why? Well, there are several ways to think of this. Suppose we think about this in terms of floating. A block of water in water should float, right? Here is a picture of water floating in water.
If this block of water is at rest and stays at rest, then the net force on it must be the zero vector. The net horizontal force must be zero, this means that the two forces from the pressure on the sides must have the same magnitude. That is fine, they are at the same depth (even though this changes along the side of the cube, they are the same on each side).
The force from the water pushing down on the top must be less than the force from the water pushing up. Why? Gravity, that is why. The net force in the vertical direction must be zero, this means I can write the vertical components as:
If this is an actual rectangular cubic chunk of water, then the top has the same area as the bottom. Rewriting that equilibrium equation, I get:
Right here, you can see that the pressure of the water at the bottom must be greater than at the top. But wait! We can do more. What if the cube has an area on the top and bottom of A and a height of d? In this case, I can use the density of the water to find the mass. I will use ρ for the density.
As you get deeper, the pressure increases. And? Where am I trying to go with this? Ok, now assume that I have a balloon with air in it. Suppose I put this balloon in some water and pull it underwater. If the temperature stays constant, then I can write the following expression comparing the pressure and volume of the balloon at the surface and at some depth (using the ideal gas law).
As you take the balloon down deeper, the pressure increases and the volume decreases. Now imagine this balloon is your lungs. Really, they are quite similar. If I take a deep breath at the surface and go down to a depth of 5 meters, my lungs will decrease in volume (because there is a finite amount of air in them). This really happens. I couldn't find a good picture of this on the interwebs, so I made one myself.
Ok, we are good. Now what if you do something different? What if you go down 5 meters and breath from a scuba tank? One of the very important things about a scuba regulator (the thing that attaches to the tank) is that it regulates. Really, it does. It regulates the pressure of the air getting to the mouth. It provides air to the diver at about the same pressure as the water. Does this matter? Shoosh yeah. The next time you go to a pool, try this. Take a 2 foot long pipe (pvc or something is fine). Go all the way underwater with one end of the pipe in your mouth and the other out of the water. Try to breath. It is no simple task. Why? Here is a picture.
When you inhale, you want your lungs to expand. The problem is that since the pressure outside is greater than the pressure inside your lungs, you muscles have to really push. If you lungs don't expand, you can't bring in more air. It is like some big fat guy is sitting your chest. Bring back the scuba regulator and it is quite easy to breath since the pressure outside and inside your lungs are about the same – no matter what the depth. This is why I tell new scuba divers that breathing from a regulator is way easier than breathing through a snorkel.
I still haven't answered the question, have I? Why can't you hold your breath while scuba diving? Ok, let's go back to Adam. Suppose he is 5 meters underwater in the inverted car. He is stuck, so he takes a couple of breaths from a scuba regulator. The pressure of the air in his lungs is the same as the pressure of the water at the 5 meter depth. Now what happens if he ascends while holding his breath? The opposite of the free diver going down. Instead of his lungs getting smaller, they would get larger – if only they could. However, they probably can't get any larger – especially if he took a full breath. This means that the lungs themselves have to exert extra pressure on the air and this only goes so far.
An ascending, breath holding diver can have one of two very bad things happen. The first is an air embolism. Basically (and I am not a medical doctor here, so there is that) air from the lungs gets pushed into the bloodstream. Air bubbles in the blood is bad. These bubbles can cause all sorts of bad problems – let's just leave it at that. The second problem has a name that I can't remember. Basically, your lungs break or tear. Again, not a good thing.
Can divers hold their breath while using scuba gear? Sure, as long as they don't ascend while doing this. The badness level of holding a breath and ascending is high enough that divers are usually told – "just never hold your breath". If you need to ascend while not breathing, breath. Breath out at least. This will allow the expanding air in your lungs to escape. Actually, the common recommendation is to do something similar to a slight humming sound. This will allow the air to escape. It can be an unnatural thing to do. You don't want to die, so you feel like you should keep the air in your lungs.
I am sure Adam and the MythBusters are quite skilled at these kinds of things, but it still scares me.
One more thing. How deep is too deep to hold your breath? Clearly, the deeper you go, the greater the change in pressure. How about I look at the change in pressure over 1 meter change in depth for different depths. Here is a plot of the percent change in volume as you go up that one meter.
So, if you are 1 meter underwater and you surface your lungs (if they were perfect balloons) would have almost a 10% increase in volume. If you are at 30 meters, it is less than a 3% increase in volume. Why? Atmosphere, that is why. When you are at the surface, you are at 1 atmosphere of pressure. At about 10 meters deep, you have doubled the pressure (1 atmosphere of pressure from the air and one from water). Ascending from 10 meter to the surface would reduce your pressure by half. But what if you ascend from 20 meters to 10 meters? You are not reducing the pressure by half. You are going from 3 atmospheres to 2 atmospheres.
The point is – holding your breath is even worse at shallow depths. But either way, just don't hold your breath just to be safe.


text:
ISSN: 0041-3216 (Online), 0041-3216 (Print)
Volume 51 Number 2
A review of work on nitrogen in West Indian soils
Work on nitrogen in West Indian soils is reviewed. It is concluded that the amount of nitrogen in the soil depends on vegetation, rainfall and soil drainage and that the supply of nitrogen available to plants frequently depends on rainfall and on the base-status of soils rather than on the total amount of present. This implies that laboratory tests for nitrogen supplying potential have little value. Fertilizer dressings should be based on soil type, climate and crop demand; vegetative crops on long cultivated, base-deficient soils are more likely to respond to fertilizer N than those on newly cultivated soils with high base status.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I would like to take drum lessons but unfortunately my schedule doesn't permit it. I know there are many resources online but I'm not sure how long it'd take me to find an answer to my specific question, and Google searches have left me empty-handed so far.
When learning a new drum part, what is the correct way to learn—hand by hand (and foot by foot), integrating the complete "layers" after mastering each hand (and foot)?—or timeslice by timeslice, playing all the components at once, but in chunks of time? (Anticipating that there may be no one "correct" way, what are the qualities or detriments to learning in either fashion?)
So far, I've only been able to learn parts by breaking them down timeslice by timeslice. Mastering one hand or foot at a time seems to do nothing for me when I try to integrate the components together. I'm wondering if this is natural, or expected, and if expected, then whether there are benefits to forcing myself to learn the hard way regardless.
share|improve this question
3 Answers 3
up vote 5 down vote accepted
The short answer is both! The long answer is that any way you practice has to have a clear focused goal. When you practice something by itself(one hand or foot), what is the reason? If it's purely a matter of executing that single component, splitting it out by itself may be enough. But if coordination is the issue, then practicing individual items may not help. My suggestion is to play parts separately but sing some of the other parts while you do it. Example: play the kick part but use your voice to create the snare. It sounds a little silly, but the idea here is to keep the coordination aspects there while removing the technical portion of actually playing the other parts.
Also helpful for coordination is figuring out what the composite rhythm. What is the single rhythm that represents what your playing on the kit as a whole? Listen for that rhythm as you play instead of each part. It's all about making the pattern a single thing to conceptualize. As humans we are terrible at being able to conceptualize more than a single thing at a time.
Time slices are good too. Be sure to manipulate how long your slices are.
Generally speaking, for things that you're having trouble with, take a moment to think of half a dozen different ways to practice it that you think might help. Try them all! For me, half the fun of music is discovering which way of 'thinking' about something allows my body to execute it cleanly. It's rarely actually a technical issue.
share|improve this answer
It's often a matter of finding the darn pattern. There are ridiculously complex drum patterns out there and not all of them are improvised. Even worse, they can be played again and again without missing a note which means, the piece is recorded inside the brain of the performer in a certain way.
This is basically the whole idea of drum practice. Finding that body motion that results with the desired outcome. Now you might think every beat can be broken down into its simple components. While being right you are missing out a big opportunity to enhance the control over the drumset. Example;
You want to play 3 over 4 kind of a polyrhythm. (Vinnie Colaiuta does this among many other incredible stuff towards the end of Seven Days by Sting). It's called polyryhthm but it's not that a crazy concept as it sounds. Some say it's polymeter but nevermind they are all names. What you want to play is 3 evenly spaced strokes with one hand and 2 evenly placed strokes with the other say in the same amount of time, say within one click of 60 bpm metronome. Playing evenly is very important otherwise it becomes pointless.
If you don't know this objective beforehand and directly start with the one-beat-at-a-time kind of practice, you would be going nuts to get the middle part of this beat because it's not that easy to time it exactly do to its non overlapping nature. Instead you can practice combining two beats while you are concentrating on each hand individually. Same goes Jazz samba ride cybal pattern or fast shuffles. This kind of thinking would provide you the opportunity to come up with remembering ways for beats for example go over the bar line. So as ecline6 mentions in the answer, the more tricks you have under your belt the better it is.
Two concrete examples of books that go completely opposite ways:
 1. Future Sounds by David Garibaldi. Includes many one beat at a time examples. Mostly discusses Linear Drumming.
 2. Conversations in Clave by Horacio "El Negro" Hernandez. The exercises are all about keeping a steady ostinato while trying to place beats in all possible positions etc.
P.S. David Garibaldi also offers the keep a steady ostinato and place kick/snare at all sixteenth note positions way of practice but the emphasis is on getting the groove beat by beat. I've enjoyed both of them for a long time. Nowhere close to playing like them but helped a lot.:)
share|improve this answer
I'm afraid the only answer is that you should do what works for you. For many rhythms with lots of off-beats or interesting combinations of drums, you'll probably find the rhythm makes no sense at all (and thus is harder to learn) until you've played a phrase with all the 'parts'. But sometimes, you might find that even that is too hard to learn in one go, so you have to try, say, a two-bar repeating unit with just the bass drum and cymbals to start, and then add the snare drum to that, and then extend that to a whole eight-bar phrase (maybe with a fill in the final bar).
With practice, you'll find it easier to recognise by looking at the part (or by hearing it, if you're learning that way) what the components of it are that you need to learn together: maybe the bass drum and hi-hat go together with the snare drum separate, or maybe the hi-hat and snare drum are one unit, and you can add the bass drum afterwards. In jazz music, it's often the latter, but in marches and orchestral music, it's almost always the former. Of course, if you aren't yet very good at reading music, you may find you have to read each voice in the staff (i.e. each hand or foot) separately at first just to work out where the notes and rests are.
In summary: unless you have trouble reading the part to start with, usually if you just try to learn one 'hand' on its own, the rests will be awkward, so find a pair of voices that fit together and start with them. Learn one rhythm at a time, don't worry about the end-of-phrase fills until you have the main rhythm sorted, and take it slowly until you get confident.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


text:
Learning, teaching and learning are integrally connected. Leadership can play a key role in improving learning outcomes of learners by setting strategic direction and goal, influencing teachers' and facilitators' behaviors and motivations, mobilizing resources and support for institutional development and keeping teachers/facilitators and learners focussed on teaching and learning through monitoring, support and guidance, Effective learning is the outcome of effective leadership. Education systems should have appropriate policies and programmes to develop educational leaders who embrace /learning' at the core of their leadership role, what is referred to as learning leadership. The hallmark of good leadership in education is to take responsibility and accept accountability for learning.
Educational leaders have traditionally focussed on management roles such as planning, budgeting, scheduling, maintenance of facilities, teacher evaluation, etc. Research in education has shown that a particular type of leadership that makes a difference in learning is instructional leadership or learning leadership, where leaders are intensely involves in curricular and instructional issues that have direct bearing on learner achievement. Learning leaders are those who prioritize teaching and learning at the top of their priority, promote the culture of continuous learning, use evidence or data on learner achievement to make decisions and set priorities. These leaders are consistently focused on the core technology of education, which is learning, learner support, teaching, teacher support, curriculum, learning materials, assessment, feedback and improvement.
In the case of formal schooling, a study conducted by OECD has identified four major domains of responsibility as key for school leadership to improve student outcomes:
- Supporting, evaluating and developing teacher quality
- Goal-setting, assessment and accountability
- Strategic financial and human resource management
- Collaborating with other schools


text:
How Rioters Act Like Shoppers
Shortly after the riots that spread across London in the summer of 2011, media outlets in the city began publishing maps trying to make sense of the event. They ran illustrations showing the sites of the worst rioting, as well as other maps cross-referencing the clusters of violence with the known home addresses – using court records – of people who'd been arrested in it.
At the time, these maps struck several researchers studying urban systems at University College London. "We thought, 'this is a spatial system, and it looks a bit like something we have looked at before,'" says Toby Davies, one of the academics. He and his colleagues were picturing, more specifically, spatial models of how shoppers behave in search of retail. And this got them thinking. "It looks like retail," Davies says, "and retail is something we know we can model." Why not try to mathematically model the movement of rioters?
Their research on this question, just published in the journal Scientific Reports, yields two curious insights: Rioters in search of retail to loot make rational decisions just like shoppers do about where to find the good stuff and how far they're willing to travel to get there. And this means that the spatial layout of a city may be just as important as its social dynamics in explaining the rise and spread of riots.
Most research about London's much-studied summer of 2011 has focused instead on the latter, on human behavior rather than urban space. "We're encouraging people to think in an explicitly geographic way," Davies says, "to really think about the places where these riots are taking place, to think about how rioters prioritize on that basis."
Those 2011 riots were particularly characterized by massive looting, which makes the analogy to shopping particular apt. Any time you model a scenario where people have choices, Davies says, you have to first consider how attractive a given destination is in the perception of the shopper – or looter – considering a trip there. People are hindered by the cost of traveling, but they're also lured longer distances by prime targets. You buy your milk from around the corner. But you might drive several miles to a mall that has both an Apple Store and a Brookstone. Rioters make very similar calculations.
"Places where there are more goods to loot, in this context – or more shopping opportunities in the non-criminal case – attract people," Davies says. This is an obvious idea: Looters will congregate at retail hubs, and so you may want to pinpoint them on your police map. But Davies and his colleagues have also looked at the proximity of potential rioters to destinations that might draw them. They examined areas that rank poorly on the U.K.'s index of multiple deprivation (a much more complex measure than the U.S. poverty rate of a given community).
"We're very careful to say that deprivation isn't necessarily a cause of [rioting]," Davies says. "But there is a clear statistical relationship with deprivation. In more deprived areas, the rate of offending is higher."
This means that if you have a commercial hub but the populations nearby aren't particularly deprived, the likelihood of looting there is smaller. Likewise, a deprived community with no retail around looks in this mathematical model like a less likely source of rioting. In the model, all of this is also calibrated by one significant difference between looters and shoppers: looting can be contagious.
In its present state, Davies says, this model isn't ready just yet to be deployed by police in a live scenario (it doesn't take into account, for example, London's transportation system). But the researchers hope to continue to refine it to where the system might be used in simulations by officers training or strategizing for how to respond to a future event. Such a tool could tell them where an initial outbreak of rioting might spread, the size it could reach, or even which neighborhoods deserve some preventive attention to head off future risk.
"One of the challenges that the police face in riots is that they are very rare events, so they don't get much chance to practice on how they react to them," Davies says. "If we can produce a way which simply simulates riots properly, then they can, as it were, 'set them off' in a controlled way and practice how they might respond to them.'
In this spatial system – as in the London riots in 2011 – the worst offenses take place at retail sites. But the model could be transposed to other locations. A soccer riot, for instance, might spill out into nearby sports bars instead of shopping centers. The underlying idea is the same: If you're a police captain in the midst of such chaos, the spatial layout of your city will likely play a major role in determining what happens next.
Top image of riots in London in August of 2011. (Toby Melville/Reuters)


DeAgostini/Getty Images
Why and how civilisations collapse
By Phillip Adams on Late Night Live
When you think of a civilisation collapsing what comes to mind? Buildings on fire, people screaming and running in fright, chaos against a dark and foreboding sky.
Or is it more often slow and protracted rather than sudden and catastrophic?
Luke Kemp, a young Australian researcher in the UK, has conducted an historical autopsy of how civilisations collapse. His research looks at the signs and similarities of past collapses in the hope that we may avert or delay our own.
Duration: 15min 3sec
 - Luke Kemp
 Research Associate, Centre for the Study of Existential Risk,
 University of Cambridge
Further Information


What's the usage of 고 있다 in this case? The normal usage is to state that the act mentioned in the preceding statement is continued but it doesn't seem fit this example.
enter image description here
Here, 놀고 있어 is not a declaration, but a command: it's the same as 놀고 있어라.
So the meaning is something like "Go keep playing over there."
There is not much practical difference between 놀아(라) and 놀고 있어(라) here - after all, mom is telling the kids to keep playing - but 놀고 있어 sounds softer to me, which fits the situation better. Essentially, mom is saying "Thanks, but it's OK if you keep playing."
In other context, there can be a difference in meaning: e.g., if I say 공을 던져, I'm asking to throw the ball, presumably once. If I say 공을 던지고 있어, then I'm clearly asking to keep throwing the ball (or balls) multiple times.
있다 can be used as an auxiliary verb behind another verb, like -고 있다. It means that the action that the front verb indicate is continuing or the result of the action keeps going.
So when the mom said "놀고 있어", she told her child to continue playing.
Other examples,
먼저 먹고 있어. 금방 다녀올게. Please keep eating this first. I will be right back.
TV 보고 있어. 거의 다왔어. Please keep watching TV. I'm almost there.
Your Answer


text:
|Sauheitl, L; Glaser, B; Weigelt, A: Uptake of intact amino acids by plants depends on soil amino acid concentrations, Environmental and Experimental Botany, 66(2), 145-152 (2009)|
|Key words: Microbial competition; Organic nitrogen; Plant nutrition; Stable isotope; N-15; C-13 ORGANIC NITROGEN UPTAKE; BOREAL FOREST PLANTS; AVAILABILITY; ECOSYSTEMS; MICROBES; GLYCINE; COMPETE; TUNDRA; FIELD; METABOLISM|
Studies in different ecosystems have shown that plants take up intact amino acids directly but little is known about the influence of free amino acid concentrations in the soil on this process.We investigated the effect of three different soil amino acid N concentrations (0.025, 0.13 and 2.5gNg−1 soil) on direct uptake of four dual labelled (15N, 13C) amino acids (glycine, tyrosine, lysine, valine) in a greenhouse experiment using Anthoxantum odoratum as a model plant. Our results revealed that 8–45% of applied 15N was incorporated into plant root and shoot tissue 48 h after labelling. Additional 13C enrichment showed that 2–70% of this incorporated 15N was taken up as intact amino acid. Total 15N uptake and 15N uptake as intact amino acids were significantly affected by soil amino acid N concentrations and significantly differed between the four amino acids tested. We found a positive effect of soil amino acid concentrations on uptake of mineralized 15N relative to amino acid concentrations for all amino acids which was presumably due to higher diffusion rates of mineralized tracer to the root surface. However, intact amino acid uptake relative to amino acid concentrations as well as the proportion of total 15N taken up directly decreased with increasing soil amino acid N concentrations for all amino acids, irrespective of their microbial degradability. This effect is most likely controlled by the mineral N concentration in soil and perhaps in plants which inhibits direct amino acids uptake. Overall, we conclude that plant internal regulation of amino acid uptake controlled by mineral N is the main mechanism determining direct uptake of amino acids and thus a lower contribution of intact amino acid uptake to the plants N nutrition has to be expected for higher amino acid concentrations accompanied by mineralization in soil.
|Th. 2023-12-07 now|
Release, biomethylation, and biovolatilisation of arsenic and antimony in the environment: from soils to plants and humans
Soil structure, water, and organic matter – responses to different land management systems
Führung | "Kolonialpflanzen: Weihnachtsgebäck und Wintergewürz" - Führung zusammen mit dem Industriemuseum BT e.V."
Ökumenische Andacht zum Advent (ESG & KHG) mit dem Swahili Chor Bayreuth
Führung | "Fortuna botanica: Glück bringende Pflanzen"


"Why me, Lord?" We have all asked it. Why does is always have to rain on my parade? Why did this have to happen to me? Why my child? Why my marriage? Why my job? Why? Why? WHY?
The answer may be found in an obscure Old Testament passage where God is pictured as
sitting over a refiner's making silver of His people. Malachi wrote: "And he shall purify the sons of Levi, and purge them as gold and silver, that they may offer unto the Lord an offering in righteousness" (3:3).
A woman read this verse in Bible class and was curious enough to seek out a silversmith to see what it meant. She found him sitting before a furnace, gazing intently into a boiling pot. She asked, "Do you have to sit here all the time or just come back when it's finished?" He replied, "I have to keep my eye on the crucible. If it gets too hot, the silver is injured. I know the process of purifying is completed when I see my own image reflected in the silver."
The answer to "Why me?" is found in the silversmith's shop.
God values us far more than a prospector does his "mother load," a miser does his coins, an addict does his fix, or a mother does her newborn (1 Corinthians 3:12; Psalm 116:15; Isaiah 43:4). He wants the best for us and demands the best of us. Just as the refiner's job is to increase the value of his product by removing impurities, God sees His job as removing the impurities (sin) from us.
Lehman Strauss knew the heartache of suffering. In the midst of dealing with his wife's stroke, he wrote a book entitled, In God's Waiting Room: Learning Through Suffering. As he attempted to understand better the events that moved into his life, he likened his experience to childhood memories of his mother making a cake. Dr. Strauss recalled the various ingredients-flour, baking powder, shortening, raw eggs-that went into a cake. By themselves they weren't very enjoyable snacks, but when properly mixed together and baked for the correct length of time, they collectively produced a delicious dessert. Like the silversmith, the backer knows that the end product is the result of a process, not the individual ingredients.
In our lives we experience ingredients that seem unpalatable, and our temptation is to tell God He's ruining everything. At those times we will find greater strength and peace when we acknowledge that God knows what He is doing.
What kind of furnace or boiling pot does the Refiner use? He uses the furnace of affliction, physical injury, disease, prolonged sickness (2 Corinthians 12:7-8), difficulty in rearing our children, problems with parents, financial reverses, or other overwhelming cares of life. Such suffering is an effective teacher in the great school of life. Some important lessons are only learned at her feet.
At the same time, God watches to see that the fire never gets so hot that it injures us. "There hath no temptation taken you but such as is common to man: but God is faithful, who will not suffer you to be tempted above that ye are able; but will with the temptation also make a way to escape, that ye may be able to bear it" (1 Corinthians 10:13). These things hurt us but they do not permanently injure us-unless we turn from the Refiner.
Amy Carmichael wrote, "A wise master never wastes his servant's time." No matter what set of circumstances we receive, God is not wasting our time. He is educating us; He is improving us; He is molding us. A young woman was suffering greatly and confided her frustration to an older Christian friend: "If God loves me as you say He does, why did He make me so?" The older woman replied, "He is making you now." God's purpose is to prepare us for heaven.
The Refiner wants to make heaven attractive to us (2 Corinthians 4: 16 -5:1; Hebrews 11:10; Colossians 3:1-2). Paul had suffered perhaps more than any other Christian in the New Testament; he also seems to have been most attracted to heaven. He said, "For to me to live is Christ, and to die is gain. But if I live in flesh, this is the fruit of my labour: yet what I shall choose I wot not. For I am in a strait betwixt two, having a desire to depart, and to be with Christ; which is far better" (Philippians 1:21-23). One philosopher observed: "It is through our tears that we see the farthest into heaven." Hard times can build good character (James 1:2-4 1 Peter 1: 7).
The Refiner wants to test our faith (Genesis 22:1). Paul explained, "Now if any man build upon this foundation gold, silver, precious stones, wood, hay, stubble; every man's work shall be made manifest: for the day shall declare it, because it shall be revealed by fire; and the fire shall try every man's work of what sort it is, If any man's work abide which he hath built thereupon, he shall receive a reward, If any man's work shall be burned, he shall suffer loss: but he himself shall be saved; yet so as by fire" (1 Corinthians 3:12-15). The worthiness of the ship is not determined while it rides at ease in the harbor, but when it rides the waves of a storm. Our faith is worthless if it cannot get us through life's storms.
The Refiner wants to teach us to appreciate our blessings (Luke 17:17; Colossians 3:15). Domesticated bullfinches are placed in a dark room for several weeks before they learn to sing. When brought into sunlight, the bullfinch's song is sweeter and more beautiful than it would otherwise be. God often takes us into a dark room of suffering so that when we come back into life's sunshine, our song of praise will be sweeter than ever before.
The Refiner wants us to learn to comfort others (2 Corinthians 1:3-7). It is difficult to feel real compassion for someone else if we don't know what he is going through. But when we have "walked a mile in his moccasins," we can feel sorry for the one with blisters. Suffering can help us help others. One remarked, "I asked for health that I might achieve I was made weak that I might do better things."
The Refiner wants us to learn to trust HIm (Luke 14:11; Proverbs 16:18; James 4:10; Jeremiah 10:23). Paul mentioned the lesson he learned by wrestling with his thorn in the flesh. "And he said unto me, My grace is sufficient for thee: for my strength is made perfect in weakness. Most gladly therefore will I rather glory in my infirmities, that the power of Christ may rest upon me" (2 Corinthians 12:9). His suffering had taught him to rely on God, to trust in divine power. Abraham Lincoln said, "I have often been driven to my knees by the sincere conviction that there was nowhere else to go."
As the silversmith told the Bible class student, silver is ready when he sees his image in its reflection. God knows we have been purified when He sees His image in our lives. Paul wrote, " But we all, with open face beholding as a glass the glory of the Lord, are changed into the same image from glory to glory, even as by the Spirit of the Lord" (2 Corinthians 3:18; cf. Romans 8:29; Colossians 3:10).
A silversmith may make many pieces over the course of his days, but only a few of them are deemed worthy of display in his own house. God is fashioning of us what he wants to display in His own house. Ralph Waldo Emerson was once approached by a concerned and inquiring person who said, "Mr. Emerson, they tell me that the world is coming to an end." Emerson calmly replied, "Never mind, we can get along without won't be concerned with the world and its suffering anymore.
Leave a Reply


text:
Confirming and disconfirming cases assist the evaluator in the confirmatory fieldwork stage of an evaluation. After gathering initial data, exploring the data and identifying patterns, the evaluator will start to develop findings. Confirming and disconfirming cases allow the evaluator to further refine and test initial findings. Both types of cases are important, confirming cases to provide deeper insights to preliminary findings and disconfirming cases to test and highlight the boundaries of the findings.
- Confirming and disconfirming cases: This overview from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation provides a definition and outline of the reasons for using the confirming and disconfirming option.
- Desperately Seeking Dissonance: This article from the Qualitative Health Research Journal outlines the research undertaken to discover how disconfirming cases are handled in reviews of qualitative research. It also outlines a number of methods that may be used to actively find disconfirming cases in review processes.
This page is a stub (a minimal version of a page). You can help expand it. Click on Contribute Content or Contact Us to suggest additional resources, share your experience using the option, or volunteer to expand the description.