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Remembering Two Bright Stars of Music; 'To the Arctic'
Read, listen and learn English with this story. Double-click on any word to find the definition in the Merriam-Webster Learner's Dictionary.
JUNE SIMMS: Welcome to AMERICAN MOSAIC in VOA Special English.
I'm June Simms. This week on our program, we remember two music greats, Chuck Brown and Donna Summe …
But, first, we visit the northern most part of the Earth and the creatures who live there in the movie, "To the Arctic."
"To The Arctic"
JUNE SIMMS: Few people can visit the Arctic. But soon people all over the world will be able to feel like they have made the trip. A new movie, "To the Arctic," explores the life and environment in the wilderness area, especially the condition of its polar bears. Barbara Klein has our story.
BARBARA KLEIN: "To the Arctic" is forty-five minutes long. But the film was shot in eight months over a four year period. The director is Greg MacGillivray. He and his brother Shaun produced the film. It was made for release on the huge IMAX theater screens. "To the Arctic" also is 3-D, or three dimensional, giving theater goers the sensation of being part of the action.
The film tells the story of a mother polar bear and her two cubs. Through their struggle to survive, theatergoers see the results of rising temperatures on the Arctic and its animals. The bears are central to the film because they cannot survive anywhere else. And, the movie says their environment is warming two thirds faster than anywhere else on Earth.
Academy Award winner Meryl Street narrates the film.
"To the Arctic" is part of an international campaign to save the polar bears and their home. Scientists say there are only twenty thousand polar bears alive today. And, they say, their long term existence is at risk.
Nature photographer Florian Schulz has produced a book to go along with the movie. He says the purpose of both works is to educate people about what is happening in Earth's extreme north.
FLORIAN SCHULZ: "The polar bears won't be able to survive without the ice, and, right now, scientists are predicting that by two thousand and forty or two thousand and fifty, somewhere in between, the sea ice in the summer will completely go away."
Mr. Shultz spent eighteen months in the Arctic. He lived in a tent and would get around on a special vehicle powered by the sun's energy. The extreme cold presented some interesting problems for the work.
FLORIAN SCHULZ: "You have to let your equipment completely freeze and then it will stay frozen. You can't take it inside your sleeping bag or inside your tent because then the condensation will go on top of it, and then the ice will build and then you don't get rid of the ice anymore."
Florian Schultz says there were also some dangerous incidents with wildlife. Like a bear that showed interest in a camera. The animal got within seven meters of the photographer.
FLORIAN SCHULZ: "We then shot with a flare gun at the ground level so the bang was closer to the ground and the bear understood that he should move on. That was definitely a scary moment."
The movie and book are part of a larger campaign to save polar bears and the Arctic. Suzanne Apple is with the World Wildlife Fund.
SUZANNE APPLE: "This area that we are focused on called the last ice area in northern Canada, Greenland and Denmark. Our research shows that this is the ice that will persist the longest. So we are hoping to protect and preserve that."
"To the Arctic" is getting mixed reviews from critics. Although most praise the extraordinary images, several critics say the writing is weak.
Remembering Chuck Brown and Donna Summer
JUNE SIMMS: America lost two major entertainers this week. Chuck Brown was considered the "godfather of go-go" music. Donna Summer was the "queen of disco."
Chuck Brown died Wednesday at Johns Hopkins in Baltimore, Maryland. The musician had developed the blood infection sepsis during treatment for pneumonia. He was seventy-five.
The singer was born in North Carolina but moved to the American capital when he was eight. The city remained his home, and it was where he invented the music known as go-go.
Chuck Brown grew up poor. He was raised by his mother, Lyla Louise Brown. He never knew his father. Chuck stopped going to school soon after the family moved to Washington. He worked instead. He held jobs including shining shoes and selling newspapers.
Chuck Brown got into trouble as a teenager. He spent eight years in a prison near Washington. He started playing guitar while there.
When Chuck Brown gained his freedom he did not look back. He moved back to Washington. He began playing his guitar and singing at events in the area.
In his late twenties, Brown joined some local bands. Within two years he had formed his own. Chuck Brown and the Soul Searchers found a new sound that combined funk, jazz and rhythm and blues music. The bouncy beat of go-go music was especially popular in the Washington area. But it influenced music in many other areas.
The nineteen seventy-eight song "Bustin' Loose" is probably the most widely recognized go-go recording. It was Chuck Brown and the Soul Searchers' biggest hit.
Chuck Brown was considered a hero to many in Washington, DC. The city loves him so much it named a street block for him. Hundreds gathered outside the Howard Theater on Chuck Brown Way Wednesday to remember the musician.
JUNE SIMMS: Disco singer Donna Summer died Thursday. The sixty-three-year-old had battled lung cancer. Christopher Cruise remembers her life and her work.
CHRISTOPHER CRUISE: Donna Summer was born LaDonna Gaines to a large family in Boston, Massachusetts, in nineteen forty-eight. She sang in church as a child. As a teenager she began forming musical groups.
Summer's voice was clear, high and powerful. Her first big hit came in nineteen seventy-five with "Love to Love You, Baby." She was in her twenties at the time.
In nineteen seventy-nine Donna Summer had three number-one hits. One of them, "Hot Stuff," won a Grammy.
Donna Summer was married twice. She had two children. Her last album "Crayons" was released in two thousand eight. Donna Summer won numerous awards during her career including five Grammys. We leave you with Donna Summer performing her hit song "Last Dance."
JUNE SIMMS: I'm June Simms. This program was written and produced by Caty Weaver. Zulima Palacio provided additional reporting.
Join us again next week for music and more on AMERICAN MOSAIC in VOA Special English.


Our Network @ Work
Breathing Freely While Fighting Fires
Lightweight Materials
Lifeline Firehose
Traditional air packs that firefighters wear provide oxygen for about 45 minutes. The tanks are bulky and heavy and restrict movement in or access to confined spaces. By giving firefighters a virtually unlimited air supply, the Lifeline Firehose could change how first responders approach fire scenes. The groundbreaking technology uses a patented coupler system, which delivers both air and fire suppressants through a double-jacketed fire hose system to the end of the nozzle.
Lifeline Firehouse was able to reinvent fire hose technology to provide firefighters with an unlimited air supply and more flexibility in battling fires so they can better attend to downed personnel and victims. They did so by partnering with the DoD-sponsored LIFT, a manufacturing innovation institute and a member of the Manufacturing USA network.
LIFT engineers helped Lifeline Firehose envision and refine the lightweight coupler system and the prototyping was done at LIFT's innovative High Bay facility in Detroit. High Bay is a 100,000-square-foot facility that opened in 2015 to help private sector members develop, optimize and commercialize their innovations in metrology and lightweight materials manufacturing. It includes design and machining capabilities.
The Lifeline Firehose system needed to work within current dynamics to have any chance of widespread adoption and impact. The system is NFPA 1962 compliant and works with existing equipment, including the standard Buddy Breather couplers that firefighters under duress have relied on to plug into an emergency air supply. The system can be operated through Lifeline Firehose's Mobile Air Cart or retrofitted into the fire engine itself. The hose can extend up to 300 feet.
This firehose breakthrough is an example of how advanced manufacturing increasingly plays a critical role in the U.S. innovation ecosystem, supporting U.S. technological competitiveness and driving product and process improvements that strengthen the U.S. economy.


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Story in the College of Arts & Sciences
Assistant Professor, Biology
Biology professor examines how the rarest plant species evolve over time in the coldest corners of Alaska.
Justen Whittall '96 is an expert on West Coast plants, particularly the ones that are hardest to find. The SCU biology professor, a native of the South Bay, studies the federally endangered Metcalf Jewelflower and California's Torrey Pines, one of the rarest pines in the world.
His early work at SCU set him on this path. "As an undergraduate, I took a course in field botany and discovered I could take what I was learning in the classroom and lab and put it to use in the field," Whittall says. "From that moment, I was hooked."
As an assistant professor in SCU's biology department, he also studies plants in the Arctic Circle; last summer, he traveled to Alaska to better understand the adaptability of plants in cold climates—an unknown factor in understanding global climate change. He and his assistants are researching the genetic basis for Arctic mustard plant adaptations. Next summer, he'll return with several undergraduates.
By putting together a genetic map of plant species, Whittall can track how plants have evolved over time. Students help in his rooftop greenhouse, making hybridizations; in the lab, isolating gene sequences; and out in the field, collecting specimens.
"I see students' eyes just light up when—instead of doing the cookbook labs taught in high school or at other institutions—at Santa Clara they get to take that information directly into a personal experience," Whittall says. "This is real science being done by Santa Clara undergraduates."
Watch a video about research in SCU's biology labs below.
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source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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What is a Moc?
For more than a decade, this question has puzzled many fans and observers of Chattanooga Athletics.
The UTC Athletics Department changed logos in 1997, moving away from Native American imagery to a package of logos using railroad images, the nickname "Mocs," and the Scrappy mascot. The new package emphasized UTC's connection to Chattanooga and the city's railroad heritage and incorporated the Tennessee state bird.
The term "Moc" is short for "Mockingbird." Mockingbirds are fiercely territorial creatures which protect their homes with courage, determination and skill. Those attributes reflect the intellect, spirit and character of UTC student-athletes and alumni. A Moc is a champion on the playing surface, in the classroom and, most importantly, in life.
Named after legendary football coach A.C. "Scrappy" Moore, Scrappy, the Chattanooga mascot, is a fixture for the Mocs. A re-design in 2008 puts Scrappy in the image of the State Bird of Tennessee, a Mockingbird. The mockingbird is known as a fierce protector of its nest and environment. It is sometimes seen swooping down on a dog, cat or predator that may be venturing too close to the bird's protected territory. Once described by "Late Night" host Jimmy Fallon as "a sledge-hammer wielding mockingbird with a heart of Blue & Gold," Scrappy symbolizes that competitive passion.
Faced with politically sensitive issues and in need of a stronger core identity to help establish a strong brand as Chattanooga's Team, the athletics department embarked on a comprehensive identity program in 1996. A new direction for the athletics identity was determined, moving away from the politically incorrect Native American Indian imagery.
Several identities have been used in the past. With the old nickname "Moccasins," a snake was used in the 1920s and an Indian was used until the year of major change in 1996. A moccasin shoe was even used in the 1980s.
In 1996, it was decided to adopt the State Bird of Tennessee, the Mockingbird, as the core of the new identity, while incorporating the strong regional imagery of Chattanooga's vast railroad history. The mascot "Scrappy" was born and a new emphasis was placed on the athletics department's role in the region.
The committee also recognized the need for the word "Chattanooga" to have a great emphasis in the logo. The nickname "Moccasins" was shortened to simply "Mocs." Thus established, Chattanooga could rebuild its athletics programs and initiatives around this new identity.
And rebuild it did. Quickly establishing the identity program in February 1997, combined with tremendous success in the NCAA Men's Basketball Tournament, UTC had positioned itself to reach for the next level.
From 1997 to 2007, the primary logo was the mascot, Scrappy, riding a train. The secondary logo features the front of a train with the word Mocs built into the logo. This logo is affectionately called the "Cowcatcher logo," referring to the front lower grill of the train that helped push objects from the train tracks.
In August 2007, officials at Chattanooga updated the school's marks. A new C logo, the "Power C" as it has become known to fans and alums, was created as the primary mark and is emblazoned on the side of the football team's helmets. The secondary marks were updated with a more modern look, and a new font, unique to the school, is now used on the text areas of the logos and marks.
In September 2008, Scrappy was re-branded to better match the image of a mockingbird and reflect the rich tradition of our state, our city and our University. New marks of the head as well as a full body were released. The program has also been taking special efforts to stay true to its color palette—which includes navy blue and old gold.


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Datura discolor – Desert Thorn-apple
Scientific Name: Datura discolor
Common Name: Desert Thorn-apple
Growth Habit: Herb/Forb
Arizona Native Status: Native
Habitat: Desert. It grows in desert washes, along roadsides, in drainage ditches, and in other disturbed areas with loose soil.
Flower Color: White
Flowering Season: Summer
Height: To 2 feet (61 cm) tall, but usually less
Description: The showy flowers are nocturnal and open around sundown. The flowers are tubular, up to 6 1/3 inches (16 cm) long, held erect (not drooping), and have a glabrous corolla with short lobe tips and a distinctive purple-streaked throat. The flowers are followed by spiny, drooping, minutely hairy, rounded fruits that contain black seeds. The fruit is initially green, but it dries to a brown color. The leaves are green, alternate, broadly oval-shaped, and coarsely toothed.
No other Datura species found here has purple streaks in the floral tube.
Allergenic – Skin contact with the sap may cause contact dermatitis in susceptible persons.
Poisonous – The plants are poisonous and contain toxic tropane alkaloids.
Kingdom: Plantae – Plants
Subkingdom: Tracheobionta – Vascular plants
Superdivision: Spermatophyta – Seed plants
Division: Magnoliophyta – Flowering plants
Class: Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons
Family: Solanaceae – Potato family
Genus: Datura L. – jimsonweed
Species: Datura discolor Bernh. – desert thorn-apple
More About This Plant


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Odor Ratings System Estimates Setbacks
University of Minnesota researchers have developed an odor ratings system called Odor From Feedlots Setback Estimation Tool (OFFSET). The system estimates the setback distance from animal production sites by determining the site's estimated odor emissions.
All odor sources at the site are identified. OFFSET selects the odor emission number on a per-square-foot basis, determines the total surface area of a barn or manure storage unit, credits any odor-control technology and then calculates the total odor emission factors for each source.
OFFSET includes: - A database generated from emissions measurements at 260 animal buildings and manure storage units from 1997 to 1999;
- An air dispersion model, and
- Average weather data for Minnesota from 1984 to 1992.
First, the total odor emission factor is determined for a production site. Buildings and manure storage units are considered, along with species, housing types and sizes, manure storage types and sizes and odor control technologies used at the site.
The OFFSET database is then used to assign an odor emission number for the barns and manure storage. Hog barns with deep pits, pull plug or scraper systems and natural or mechanical ventilation are assigned a 23. Open front barns with concrete lots get an 8. Hoop barns get a 2, and farrowing barns with flush systems and mechanical ventilation get a 10.
Manure storage is also assigned an odor emission number (OEN). Earthen storage basins are a 20, first cell lagoons a 4, and second cell lagoons a 1. Settling tanks are a 50 OEN.
In addition, odor-control factors are assigned numbers. Biofilters on building fans are a 0.1. Geotextile covers and 2 in. of straw covering manure are a 0.5. If no odor control technology is used, a value of 1 must be assigned to the odor source.
Those numbers are then plugged back into Table 12. The emission area is simply the physical size of the buildings and/or manure storage units.
Finally, the odor emission factor is calculated by multiplying the values in columns B, C and D and dividing by 10,000. The values in column E are added up to obtain the total odor emission for that site.
The total odor emission factor (sum of column E) is then plotted on the horizontal axis of Figure 1. The vertical axis is the distance in miles. Based on the odor annoyance percentage desired, the setback distance is determined.
OFFSET defines an annoyance-free odor level as an odor intensity of 2 on a 0 to 5 scale. Odor intensity 2 is a faint odor that an average person might detect if attention is called to the odor but would not annoy the person. Odor intensity 3 would be readily detected and probably regarded as a nuisance.
Figure 1 shows a family of odor annoyance-free curves. The curves represent odor annoyance-free time for the prevailing wind direction from the site from mid-April to mid-October. They are based on meteorological data and the U.S. Department of Agriculture/Environmental Protection Agency-INPUFF2 air dispersion model. For example, 99% annoyance-free means 99% of the time, at the indicated distance from the site, people are not expected to receive an odor above an intensity rating of 2. The remaining 1% of the time, seven hours/month, individuals may smell odors higher than odor intensity 2.
Researchers: Larry Jacobson and David Schmidt, University of Minnesota. Phone Jacobson or Schmidt at _PHONE_ or e-mail Jacobson at _EMAIL_.
Hydrogen Sulfide Emission Levels Studied
National Pork Producers Council (NPPC) research shows producers often exceed the 1999 Minnesota statute for hydrogen sulfide (H2S) emissions when agitating and pumping out manure pits.
Until new feedlot regulations were implemented in October, the H2S emissions standard allowed producers to exceed the 30 parts per billion (ppb) - a 30-minute average - of H2S threshold once in any five-day period or the 50 ppb threshold once a year. Under current regulations, Minnesota producers are allowed to request a 21-day exemption during manure handling.
The researchers monitored ambient air H2S levels downwind from facilities on six farms of varying size in Iowa, Illinois and Minnesota.
The MDA Scientific Chemcassette Single Point Monitors (SPM) were located at 50-ft. and 100-ft. intervals downwind from the manure pits during agitation and pumping of manure. Each monitoring station included two SPMs, one with 1 to 90 ppb-H2S range and the other with 50 to 1,500 ppb-H2S range.
Researchers recorded temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and direction to track the role of weather conditions on transport of H subscript 2S downwind from barns.
Figure 2 shows the H2S concentrations during agitation and pump out at 50, 100 and 200 ft. downwind from manure pits. On average, most H2S concentrations dropped or were below 30 ppb at 100 ft. and beyond. Peak H2S concentrations at 50 ft. were measured an average of 3.2 hours after the start of agitation and ranged from 0 to 8 hours. The maximum total number of 30-minute average measurements greater than 30 ppb averaged five times and ranged from three to nine times.
Researchers point to key findings in this study, including: peak H subscript 2S concentrations during agitation and manure removal are not sustained at high levels for extended periods of time; peak ambient H2S concentrations measured are not considered harmful and H2S concentrations drop significantly when agitation is finished.
Researchers: Carrie Tengman, NPPC. Phone Tengman at _PHONE_ or e-mail _EMAIL_.
Pit Additives Reduce Hydrogen
University of Minnesota researchers conducted research on reducing hydrogen sulfide (H2S) emissions by adding chemicals before manure pit agitation and pumping. They found that hydrogen peroxide is the most cost effective of seven chemicals for reducing H2S emissions.
First, researchers identified seven chemicals that can reduce H2S emissions. Calcium hydroxide, ferric chloride, ferrous chloride, ferrous sulfate, hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate and sodium chlorite were identified in bench-top experiments.
Dosage curves to reduce H2S emissions from 20% to 90% were developed for each chemical. From these curves, the researchers determined the amount and cost of chemical needed to reduce 50% of emissions. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and potassium permanganate (KMnO4) appeared to be the most cost-effective chemicals. Cost/cubic meter of manure was $0.074 for H2O2 and $0.062 for KMnO4.
Next, the researchers conducted a lab test of H2O2 and KMnO4 by testing the chemicals in manure-filled columns. In half of the columns, chemical addition and testing of H2S emissions started six minutes before agitation began. In the other half of the columns, chemical addition, testing of H2S emissions and agitation began simultaneously.
Researchers found no statistical difference in concentrations when air sampling began, so the data was pooled. Table 13 lists the mean H2S concentrations for the period 10 to 20 minutes after chemical addition. With KMnO4, H2S concentrations decreased as planned. But with H2O2, there was no statistical difference between the 30% and 90% reduction, indicating less H2O2 was needed to reduce emissions than was used in the lab trial.
Finally, researchers conducted a field trial in two identical 41-ft. by 200-ft. deep-pitted finishing barns. One barn was used as a control, the other to test the effect of H2O2 on H2S emissions. A concrete wall divided the pit under each barn.
Researchers used a single treatment of 110 gal. 30% H2O2 with the goal of a 70% reduction in H2S emissions. Total treatment cost was $1,100 or about $1/pig.
In the first compartment, 55 gal. of the H2O2 was poured into the pump out port and allowed to mix into the manure during agitation. H2S concentrations were 240 parts per million (ppm) at 30 minutes, 25 ppm after 70 minutes, and 3 ppm after 90 minutes.
In the second compartment, 55 gal. of the H2O2 was divided into half. One-half was evenly distributed on the manure surface by pouring it through the slots and the other half was poured into the pump out port and agitated into the manure. H2S concentrations were 100 ppm after three minutes, 28 ppm after seven minutes, 11 ppm after 15 minutes, and less than 1 ppm after 30 minutes.
H2S concentrations from the control barn (agitated without chemical addition) remained at 250 ppm throughout the two-hour sampling period. The maximum concentration the instruments can read is 250 ppm.
Researchers: Dick Nicolai, David Schmidt and Larry Jacobson, University of Minnesota. Phone Jacobson or Schmidt at _PHONE_ or e-mail _EMAIL_ or schmi071 _USER_.edu.


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Term: bilge (maritime)
1. Part of the underwater body of a ship between the flat of the bottom and the straight vertical sides. 2. Internally, the lowest part of the hull, next to the keelson.
View pictures related to boating at Wisconsin Historical Images.
[Source: "Glossary." Wisconsin's Great Lakes Shipwrecks (_URL_


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A tessellation is simply is a set of figures that can cover a flat surface leaving no gaps. To explain it in simpler terms – consider the floor of your house. That is a flat surface – called a "plane" in mathematical terms. And you'll notice that the floor is covered with some tiles or marbles of different shapes. That is a good example of a "tessellation". The one difference here is that technically a plane is infinite in length and width so it's like a floor that goes on forever.
Of course, when we are talking about floors, the shapes used to cover it are mostly rectangles or squares (in fact, the word "tessellation" comes from the Latin word tessella – which means "small square"). The word "Tiling" is also commonly used to refer to "tessellations".
There are different kinds of tessellations – the ones of most interest are tessellations created using polygons. If you use only one kind of polygon to tile the entire plane – that's called a "Regular Tessellation"
As it turns out, there are only three possible polygons that can be used here. There are only three rules to be followed when doing a "regular tessellation" of a plane
- The tessellation must cover a plane (or an infinite floor) without any gaps or any overlaps.
- All the tiles must be the same shape and size and must be regular polygons (that means all sides are the same length)
- Each vertex (the points where the corners of the tiles meet) should look the same
Of course, you would have guessed that one is a square. What are the other two? They are triangles and hexagons. Let me show you examples of these two here.
You may wonder why other shapes won't work. Let's try with pentagons and see what shape we come up with. You can see that there is a gap and that's not allowed.
So what's unique to those 3 shapes (triangle, square and hexagon)? As it turns out, the key here is that the internal angles of each of these three is an exact divisor of 360 (internal angle of triangle is 60, that of square is 90, and for a hexagon is 120). The mathematics to explain this is a little complicated, so we won't look at it here
If you use a combination of more than one regular polygon to tile the plane, then it's called a "semi-regular" tessellation. If you look at the rules above, only rule 2 changes slightly for semi-regular tessellations. All the other rules are still the same.
For example, you can use a combination of triangles and hexagons as follows to create a semi-regular tessellation. There are eight such tessellations possible
There are many other types of tessellations, like edge-to-edge tessellation (where the only condition is that adjacent tiles should share sides fully, not partially), and Penrose tilings. Each of these has many fascinating properties which mathematicians are continuing to study even today. Tessellations are also used in computer graphics where objects to be shown on screen are broken up like tessellations so that the computer can easily draw it on the monitor screen.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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A social interactive installation about creating fishes
Fishmaking is an interactive installation made for Acquario di Genova. People can create their own fish, by using a mobile application or the touchscreen installed in the aquarium. They can choose colours, patterns and several features, like the shape of fins, head and body. Then they can set the fish free in the virtual fishtanks and see how its characteristic make it more or less fit to live in a certain part of the ocean.
More than 150.000 fishes have been created in the first 3 months of activity.
Fishmaking as been designed while working at ETT.


text: Using a qualitative community-based research approach, this study examined the role of family, social support and place attachment during a wildfire evacuation of Indigenous residents in remote Northern Ontario. A total of 56 interviews and two focus group discussions were completed with evacuated band members, those who stayed behind, and people who had a management role during the evacuation. In order to obtain diverse perspectives, two focus groups were conducted with different groups, the first with councillors and elders and the second with youths. The results from the interviews and the focus groups illustrated that evacuation experiences of residents were affected by a range of factors, which overall compromised the resilience of the community to the disruptive impacts of the evacuation. More specifically, the study has shown that scattering residents to twelve hosting communities throughout Ontario and Manitoba caused four major problems: communication and information-sharing were more difficult, families were separated, community cohesion and support services were disrupted, and residents' sense of place attachment was impacted. These findings contribute to a robust understanding of the social and cultural factors influencing wildfire evacuation experiences of Indigenous people and how these influence the ability of residents to cope with or adapt to evacuation-related disruptions. Evacuation planning that takes into account the unique socio-cultural characteristics and vulnerabilities of First Nations can minimise the adverse consequences of hazard evacuations and enhance resilience in the face of disruptions.


Why is freedom important essay
Freedom is a very important thing to every human being because as we had encounter in the past decades a lot of debates have started debating about this topic. For example, I would like to talk about the freedom of speech. I think freedom of speech is the most important part when we try to see what the meaning behind freedom is.
Importance of Freedom of Press | Short Paragraph Essay on 2019-8-27 · Importance of Freedom of Press | Short Paragraph Essay on Freedom of Press. Importance of freedom of press What is Freedom? The freedom means those people, who state the liberty, or right and privileged to speak according to their will. Why freedom of press and media is important? A free press and media are vital in the democratic Importance of democracy | Essay and speech 2019-8-22 · The human race, as a whole, owes a great lot to the Greeks. One of the most ancient civilizations to have flourished in the world, they were the forerunners in a great many areas, including literature, sports, and politics.They gave us Homer and Socrates, the marathons and the Olympics, and, greatest of all, they gave us democracy. Argumentative Essays on Importance of Freedom of Speech Writing Freedom of Speech essay is challenging because students need to put a lot of effort into making sure that the introduction and conclusion match the outline of the essay. It is important to make sure that there is a link between all parts of the essay. Why is Freedom Important? by Mickel B on Prezi
Find free essay examples on Freedom written by experts. Look through our database of samples and choose any topic you need. Why Is Freedom Important Philosophy Essay - UK Essays | UKEssays A new study shows that personal independence and freedom are more important for the welfare of the people, than wealth. Researchers at Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand, analysed the results of three studies involving more than 420,000 people in 63 countries over a period of 40 years. Essay on The Importance of Freedom - 569 Words | Bartleby The Importance of Academic Freedom Essay 728 Words | 3 Pages. The Importance of Academic Freedom What is academic freedom? Some might say, but really without even knowing it everyone with a social media profile if proof that academic freedom is alive and well.
The importance of freedom is that it allows us to develop our morality and our consciences. If we lack freedom, we cannot truly become mature human beings. When we are forced to do things or not to do things, we do not have that many choices. We are not allowed to make our own decisions.
Taking into consideration the abovementioned, it becomes very clear why the freedom of speech is so important for the development of a healthy society. Why African American History Is Important Essay - 301 Words… Essay Why African American History is Important and 90,000+ more term papers written by professionals and your peers. Why is it important to vote? Essay - 1970 Words Why is it important to vote? You can't win if you don't play. Election outcomes are determined by those who participate. Elected officials make important Why is human dignity important?
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Why Is Freedom Important Philosophy Essay - UK Essays | UKEssays Why Is Freedom Important Philosophy Essay. The word freedom refers to the possibility that every person has to make decisions regarding their own lives, yet with certain limitations. We have the ability to choose from a variety of options but in the same time we must not jeopardise the freedom of others.
2013-6-7 · 1984: Why Freedom is Important Essay. 832 Words 4 Pages. The term 'freedom' is often associated with the notion of living free of restraint and having an unfettered liberty to engage in rational actions with a sense that that our actions will not be controlled or interfered with. Given the above definition of freedom and the
Importance of freedom of expression - Essay and speech
Children that it is important points forms, 2010 why study of the writing so important. Sometimes it was able to having favorites, reading. Freedom Essays and Research Papers - Read Freedom essays and research papers. View and download complete sample Freedom essays, instructions, works cited pages, and more.


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Billions of chained 2000 dollars, except as noted
|Share of GDP (percent)||2.9||2.9||3.0||3.1||3.1||3.2||3.2||3.2||3.1||3.2||3.0|
KEY: GDP = Gross Domestic Product.
NOTES: For-hire transportation includes railroad transportation, local and interurban passenger transit, trucking and warehousing, water transportation, transportation by air, pipelines (except natural gas), and transportation services. Transportation services cover establishments furnishing services incidental to transportation (e.g., forwarding and packing services and the arrangement of passenger and freight transportation).
Current dollar amounts (see table 13-4b) were converted to chained 2000 dollars by the Bureau of Transportation Statistics to eliminate the effects of inflation over time.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, calculations based on data from U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, "Gross Domestic Product by Industry," available at _URL_ as of February 2004.


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|Crimes against persons:
|Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter
|Crimes against property:
|Motor vehicle theft
|Crimes against society4
1 The actual number of incidents is 7,722. However, the column figures will not add to the total because incidents
may include more than one offense type, and these are counted in each appropriate offense type category.
2 The term victim may refer to a person, business, institution, or society as a whole.
- 3 The term known offender does not imply that the identity of the suspect is known, but only that an attribute of
the suspect has been identified, which distinguishes him/her from an unknown offender. The actual number of
known offenders is 7,330. However, the column figures will not add to the total because some offenders are
responsible for more than one offense type, and they are, therefore, counted more than once in this table.
- 4 Includes additional offenses collected in the NIBRS. See Methodology.
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text:
St. Louis, Mo.
Size: Sound recording: 2 sound cassettes
Collection Summary: An interview of Joseph Pulitzer conducted 1985 July 9, by Sue Ann Kendall, for the Archives of American Art.
Biographical/Historical Note: Joseph Pulitzer (_PHONE_) was an art collector from St. Louis, Mo.
This interview is part of the Archives' Oral History Program, started in 1958 to document the history of the visual arts in the United States, primarily through interviews with artists, historians, dealers, critics and others.
Funding for the digital preservation of this interview was provided by a grant from the Save America's Treasures Program of the National Park Service.
How to Use this Interview
- A transcript of this interview appears below.
- The transcript of this interview is in the public domain and may be used without permission. Quotes and excerpts must be cited as follows: Oral history interview with Joseph Pulitzer, 1985 July 9, Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution
- For more information on using the Archives' resources, see the FAQ or Ask Us.
Also in the Archives
This transcript is in the public domain and may be used without permission. Quotes and excerpts must be cited as follows: Oral history interview with Joseph Pulitzer, 1985 July 9, Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.
Interview with Joseph Pulitzer, Jr.
Conducted by Sue Ann Kendall
At the interviewee's home in St. Louis, Missouri
July 9, 1985
The following oral history transcript is the result of a tape-recorded interview with Joseph Pulitzer, Jr. on July 9, 1985. The interview took place in St. Louis, Missouri, and was conducted by Sue Ann Kendall for the Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.
[Tape 1, side A]
SUE ANN KENDALL: Mr. Pulitzer, in your last interview with the Archives, you spoke of the discipline and the connoisseurship of your training at Harvard. You said that that led you to wait until pieces were—I think you used the word, "settled in"—and accepted before you purchased them. In your more recent collecting, though, you have bought and commissioned works by relatively young artists. What brought about the change in your collecting?
JOSEPH PULITZER: Well, when I was developing this acreage in St. Louis County, and had built a house, designed by William Adair Bernoudy, and a garden which he also designed, it was quite clear to me that this would be an ideal setting for outdoor sculpture. And so I had met and liked and admired Andrea Cascella, the Italian sculptor who lives in Milan, and I arranged through another friend, Beatrice Monti, who was the director of the Galleria del Ariete in Milan to have him do a fairly large scale stone piece for the property and that worked out very nicely. It was a commission and one that I have enjoyed greatly, and it was the beginning, then, of a trend toward perhaps more contemporary artists that came along in due course. But I should remind you that the other artists of the more established and historic position, such as Maillol, Rodin, Matisse and Lipchitz, were already coming into the collection and had already been installed in the country, and so it was really an extension of that process that led into the more contemporary. My wife, Emily, who had been the curator—the curator, very funny—of the St. Louis Art Museum—which now has I think five or six curators, but that was a number of years ago—was very interested in the more contemporary things, and through her I met Dan Flavin, Donald Judd, Richard Serra, and Mark diSuvero, either directly or indirectly through my wife. And that led to the moving of the collection as a whole into a more contemporary mode. Now when I say "settled," I'm not sure I ever used the word "settled," but what I think I meant, and what I certainly do think today, is that I like art that has stood the test of time and been around a while, and I liked the feeling that it can get into the mainstream of art and be comfortable, as an expression that is not so unconventional or so totally at odds with the art that one has become accustomed to that one can't relate it to the art of the past. I think that all of these things that have emerged on our property have and can easily be related, through formal contemplation and through style, through the artist's perception and his expression of form and his intent. Those things are not radical to me, and I don't believe they are really radical in the sense of being out of place with the more established art of the past; it's simply that they are new forms that took me a little longer to get acquainted with.
SUE ANN KENDALL: Is it their formal characteristics that you related to works of the past?
JOSEPH PULITZER: Well, I believe that.... There's no question that the formal character of these works has a great deal of interest to me, but then of course there are the other, the humanistic, I mean, and the perception of the artist, in his interest in space or in whatever his particular interest is, whatever his focus is, that I think I also understand and appreciate—or try to understand and appreciate, right.
SUE ANN KENDALL: Do you feel that you're collecting what you would call definitive works from say the sixties and seventies and even into the eighties?
JOSEPH PULITZER: Well, I think the.... I believe that the objects that we have fit quite comfortably into the criterion of being well-expressed examples of what the artist was striving to do. I think our examples are good examples. And I think those examples are—to the extent that one can use the word—accomplished, in that they accomplish what the artist intended. There's nothing tentative or particularly unsettling about the examples we have; they seem to have a definitive, finite and final... a finality that is very, I think, consistent in this collection as a whole. I think that the collection as a whole has achieved a rather finished and final and realized expression. And I believe these contemporary things do fit into that quite comfortably.
SUE ANN KENDALL: Um hmm. You also said in the previous interview, and I can quote this one, "I hoped that I would be able to assemble a few things that would have quite a relevance to what was emerging as a twentieth-century School of Paris." And that was back in the thirties when you were beginning....
JOSEPH PULITZER: Oh, yes, when I was in school.
SUE ANN KENDALL:... to put into your collection the School of Paris works. How do you define relevance today in regard to the works that you are collecting?
JOSEPH PULITZER: Well, the whole Minimalist experience in the sixties is very well expressed, I think, in the.... Or even later than that: Serra certainly, in Kelly, in Judd. And these are very disciplined works, very reduced, very simplified, but at the same time extremely expressive works of art. I find that that phase of art is much closer in its overtones to classic art than it is to Expressionism. I believe that this collection as a whole is not as involved in Expressionism as it is in the more resolved and classic and composed works. And the Minimalists, of course in my perception have achieved a composure and a stability and an authority that is quite dramatic and positive and has a good deal of force and persuasion to it.
SUE ANN KENDALL: What led you in that direction, although I think maybe you've just answered some of that question, but [what—Ed.] led you in that direction rather than some of the manifestations of art that exist today, or have existed since, in the sixties, seventies.
JOSEPH PULITZER: Well, I don't know that there's any (chuckles) deliberate sort of scheme. I've never been systematic at all. I've never tried to fill gaps and cover everything and be sort of encyclopedic. That wouldn't have been my style, and nor would I have had the resources always to do that sort of thing, which maybe museums do. But I bought things that appealed to me and attracted me but which, again, had received enough critical evaluation and enough judgments had been made that I could read a bit and know something about the artist's intent—and often met them. In fact, the people who have done the commissions here were all well known to us and then became friends, so there was no problem in that respect. But as to expressionism as a whole, I think that this collection—and romanticism as a whole—this collection rather leans toward classicism in the sense of the repose and the finality and the stability and the classic sense of order rather than the dramatic and the disorder of expressionism—on which I can go on at considerable length if you like (chuckles), but I think we'll hold that for later.
SUE ANN KENDALL: (chuckles) All right. How are the Minimalists' and the Conceptualists' work today.... How do you relate their work to life today?
JOSEPH PULITZER: Well....
SUE ANN KENDALL: In other words, how do you relate the work to its time?


text:
treaty, International Court of Justice, international law, Internation Law Commission, Law of Treaties, Vienna Conference
The inconsistencies, and conflicting theories of treaty interpretation, constitute the foundation for the present inquiry. The thesis defended is "that neither the judicial praxis nor international legislation, individually or together, have provided a realistic solution to the fundamental challenge facing the International Court of Justice of finding the right balance between stability and progressive development of international law." This fundamental thesis reemerges at several key portions of the text, when the author attempts to prove that existing standards of treaty interpretation are inadequate, on the ground they do not lead toward that degree of predictability and certainty, which he feels is required by governments in this nuclear age. Accordingly, the norms of treaty interpretation must be reexamined, but with a definite goal in mind, namely, "the new international law of'social' interdependence'will prevail over positivistic, classical law.
Paul Gormley, "Treaty Interpretation: Theory and Reality" (1990) 13:2 Dal LJ 874.


Butterfly guide
Butterflies: Common grass yellow
Common grass yellow
Eurema hecabe
A flutter of light sulphur wings, this erratic fast flying butterfly is a common sight in gardens. It has a variety of hosts, so it can take advantage of many ornamental and wild trees. Its yellow wings are dotted with brown spots on the underside and the upperside front wings have a dark chocolate brown corner.
Food items: Nectar (as butterfly), host plant (as caterpillar)
Host plants: Pithecellobium, Cassia, Moullava, Acacia, Caesalpinia, Albizia and Sesbania
Habitat: Gardens, roadsides, secondary growth
Ecological Function: Pollinator
Food chain level: Primary consumer
Dispersal: Likely it has limited dispersal range, but it can move through open areas and road verges
Common grass yellow (Eurema hecabe)
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GNU R loop speed comparison
March 16, 2013
Recently I had several discussions about using for loops in GNU R and how they compare to *apply family in terms of speed. I have not seen a direct benchmark comparing them so I decided to execute one (warning: some of the code presented today takes long time to execute).
First I have started by comparing the speed of assignment operator for lists vs. numeric vectors in standard for loops. Here is the code:
speed.test <- function(n) {
x1 <- numeric(n)
x2 <- vector(n, mode = "list")
c(system.time(for (i in 1:n) { x1[i] <- i })[3],
system.time(for (i in 1:n) { x2[[i]] <- i })[3])
n <- seq(10 ^ 4, 10 ^ 6, len = 5)
result <- t(sapply(n, speed.test))
par(mar=c(4.5, 4.5, 1, 1))
matplot(n / 1000, result, type = "l", col = 1:2, lty = 1,
xlab = "n ('000)", ylab = "time")
legend("topleft", legend = c("numeric", "list"),
col = 1:2, lty = 1)
The picture showing the result of the comparison is the following:
As we can see - operation numeric vectors are significantly faster than list, especially for large vector sizes.
But how does this relate to *apply family of functions? The issue is that the workhorse function there is lapply and it works on lists. Other functions from this family call lapply internally.
So I have run the second test comparing: (a) lapply, (b) for loop working on lists and (c) for loop working on numeric vectors. Here is the code:
aworker <- function(n) {
r <- lapply(1:n, identity)
lworker <- function(n) {
r <- vector(n, mode = "list")
for (i in 1:n) {
r[[i]] <- identity(i)
nworker <- function(n) {
r <- numeric(n)
for (i in 1:n) {
r[i] <- identity(i)
run <- function(n, worker) {
compare <- function(n) {
c(lapply = run(n, aworker),
list = run(n, lworker),
numeric = run(n, nworker))
n <- rep(c(10 ^ 6, 10 ^ 7), 10)
result <- t(sapply(n, compare))
par(mfrow = c(1,2), mar = c(3,3,3,1))
for (i in n[1:2]) {
boxplot(result[n == i,],
main = format(i, scientific = F, big.mark = ","))
On the picture below we can see the result. For 1,000,000 elements in a vector lapply is the fastest. The reason it that it executes looping in compiled C code. However for 10,000,000 elements for loop using numeric vector is faster as it avoids conversion to list.
Of course probably on other machines than my notebook the difference in speed would manifest itself for other number of elements in a vector.
However one can draw a general conclusion: if you have large AND numeric vectors and need to do a lot of number crunching for loop will be faster than lapply.
Comments are closed.


text:
Equipment: Introduction
The minimum set of what you need are: 1) Tools to aspirate and dispense liquids (1 uL to 10 mL); usually you can buy pipettors to accomplish this. 2) Containers to hold liquids (1 uL to 1 L); these usually include various types of flasks, beakers, graduated cylinders, plastic tubes, and petri dishes 3) Machines to heat/cool liquids; these include thermal cyclers (for heating/cooling DNA in a PCR reaction) and shaker incubators (for heating/cooling cells) 4) Machines to sterilize your tubes/chemicals; these include autoclave machines (and sometimes people use pressure cookers) 5) Centrifuges 6) Gel-running equipment, including a power supply, gel electrophoresis box + combs, and gel imager (usually UV light, but there are also blue light imagers) 7) Spectrophotometer to analyze samples
That's pretty much all you need to get a simple bio lab started (infrastructure-wise); you'll need to obviously buy disposable items/chemicals as well.
Most of my equipment that I have right now is on the higher-end of things and is largely automation-friendly, so it's a lot more expensive and nicer than a typical manual bio-lab setup you'd see in academia.
See this DIYBio page for some other tips/items: _URL_
-End of Transmission
Equipment for use in a biolab varies by the intended lab function. A microbiology lab will require at minimum an incubator, a sterile working area, and a pressure cooker for sterilisation. Ideally it would also have a centrifuge and appropriate glassware such as petri dishes and test tubes. A molecular biology (DNA/Protein) lab will require more equipment to handle, visualise and store DNA/Protein. A plant tissue culture lab would resemble a microbiology lab but would have artificial lighting installed in growth chambers.
Here are some examples of easily acquired/made items of equipment for a biotech lab, divided loosely by function. As many labs will require a baseline microbiology setup to function (for example, a DNA manipulation lab will require microbes to carry and safely store DNA), assume that a microbiology lab is the "minimum" lab.
 OSE context
An agroecological approach to producing biobased materials will require a specialized set of protocols and equipment, that will combine agricultural, biochemical, and localized economic knowledge. Methods to store, propagate, optimize, and manipulate biocatalysts for human utility will most likely benefit OSE in the pursuit of post-scarcity, with an ecology intertwined with agriculture, biorefinement of chemicals, and human health.
 Microbiology Lab
A lab that enables the safe growth, storage and handling of microbes, whether bacteria, yeast or other fungi, or single-celled algae, is a microbiology lab. Requirements include sterility, incubation, safe handling/storage, and safe disposal where relevant.
Functions of a microbiology lab include medical diagnostics by traditional culture of blood or skin samples, propagation of agriculturally important strains and species, scale-up of useful strains for fermentation or composting, nutritional fermentation of yeasts and bacteria for consumption, or as a foundation for molecular biology methods like DNA manipulation.
An incubator can be produced using a simple thermostat and a heater, and a well-insulated compartment or container. A simple example is a polystyrene shipping box with a radiative infrared heating mat and a pet thermostat, which can easily and accurately maintain a 30C incubator.
A pressure cooker can be used to sterilise heat-stable liquids, solids and equipment by maintaining full temperature and pressure for 20-25 minutes. To confirm sterilisation, chemical indicator tape that changes colour is normally used, although cultures of heat-stable spores could also be used as indicators; after sterilisation, the indicator culture is incubated and observed for growth, which would indicate a failed sterilisation. The usual spore culture used for this is Bacillus stearothermophilis though B.subtilis (below) spores would probably suffice.
For heat-stable equipment, wrapping in metal foil and baking at 200C for 1:20 hours is sufficient. Longer time periods at lower temperatures can be used also if 200C is beyond the reach of available equipment.
Where filters are available, filter sterilisation is an attractive means of sterilising heat-labile liquids such as antibiotic samples. Filters may consist of "candle" filters used for water sterilisation (although the strict requirements of a lab may call for double-filtration), or syringe-powered filter cartridges. It is possible (though never tested) that in-house-produced cellulose filters from kombucha could be used if properly treated and if suitable pressure is applied.
Finally, for heat-labile ingredients, tyndallisation can be used; over three successive days, steam is used to pasteurise the sample. Vegetative (growing) bacterial/yeast/fungal cells are killed during the steaming process, and as new cells germinate over the following two days they are also killed. This process is somewhat gentler than pressure cooking, but more labour intensive and prone to failure.
A centrifuge is used to separate cells from a liquid culture, and for transferring cells from one culture sample to another, possibly with "rinsing" steps. The procedure is simple; cells are spun at a high speed so that they are pelleted against the bottom of the sample vial/tube, and the liquid they were suspended in can then be removed with a pipette. The pelleted cells can then be resuspended in a new liquid using agitation with a pipette or inverting/vortexing/flicking/spinning the tube.
DremelFuge is a 3D printed centrifuge rotor that can be fitted to a Dremel multitool or a drill, and is Open Source Hardware.
Blenderfuge is a centrifuge produced by drilling out a rotor for use on a domestic blender appliance or similar.
 Sterile Working Area
A HEPA filter, perhaps repurposed from an automotive or vacuum cleaner or as part of a room air purifier, can be used to direct a sterile airflow onto a surface, providing a sterile working area. Within this area, sterilised samples will likely remain sterile with proper lab methods on the part of the operator.
A bunsen burner or camping burner with a strong blue flame can produce an area of effective sterility, both by cycling air that has been through the flame and by providing a local updraft that prevents downward contamination upon samples and petri dishes.
Essential to a microbiology lab are microbes to be grown within. These could be native or wild species cultivated for study or development, medical samples (handle with care), or laboratory cultures provided by another lab. Laboratory strains deserve special note:
E.coli is the prototypical bacterium, and is the "model organism" of modern bioscience. Contrary to its bad reputation, most strains of E.coli are relatively harmless and can probably be found living quietly inside most mammals. E.coli lab strains are mostly derived from a lab strain called E.coli K12, and are generally too incompetent to survive in the wild (or the gut, for that matter).
Lab strains of E.coli are used in most labs to carry DNA constructs called Vectors, which usually refers to circular DNA molecules called Plasmids. It is as part of these plasmids that most transgenic systems are delivered into E.coli to be read from and processed, or as intermediate constructs on the way to being developed fully in another species. Because E.coli can be forced to stably maintain plasmids within the cell at high copy-numbers of plasmids per cell using antibiotics and encoded antibiotic resistance genes, it has been the main method of choice for storing DNA between uses.
However, the requirement for antibiotics in this use-case renders the use of such antibiotic-resistant plasmids unsuitable for community use; antibiotics are firstly too important to be squandered in this manner, and secondly are too expensive or difficult to produce locally for this purpose. Also, E.coli generally requires refrigeration at very low temperatures to remain stable, typically -80C in an institutional or commercial biolab. To meet this requirement in a community lab would require far too great an expense using a scale of engineering that is far from resilient.
B.subtilis is another model bacterium used in biotechnology and bioscience, though to a much lesser extent than E.coli. B.subtilis offers significant advantages for community use in terms of ease of culture, handling and storage, and there are no known hazardous strains of B.subtilis (although it has some bad relatives that are easily mistaken for it: Anthrax and B.cereus numbering among them).
Because B.subtilis forms stable spores upon starvation, it does not require refrigeration. Delivery of plasmid DNA to B.subtilis is, in principal, easier than with E.coli because B.subtilis has a natural tendency to adopt and use compatible DNA present in the environment (i.e. it can genetically manipulate itself when conditions are suitable). However, the prevailing method of industrial manipulation also employs antibiotic selection. Alternatives could be developed that do not require antibiotic resistance.
B.subtilis has not been as popular as a carrier for DNA because of perceived DNA stability issues; however, it is possible that these stability issues could be sidestepped by mindful design of DNA to omit sites that the B.subtilis topoisomerase recognises.
The primary lab


text:
Yeshua Bible Code
found at the Burning-Bush Passage
The First Four Names of this Picture Bible Code
(Part 5, answers:
'Why this Scroll is on a spindle')
At the burning bush, what did God mean when He told Moses that His Name was:
"I AM that I AM"?
The answer to this question has set in motion many pens. However, the bible code answers it for us!
In the following presentation, I assume that the reader is already familiar with the subject of Bible
codes. (Click here if you are not familiar.) Increasingly complex bible codes will be displayed, all directly related to this one, "Yeshua–Yeshua"
Bible-code. ("Jesus", in Hebrew, is "Yeshua".) Analysis is simplified to maintain
a quick and digestible presentation.
My appreciation to Jacob Rambsel for his initial discovery of the "Yeshua-Yeshua," alongside "Elijah," component of this bible code.
(Remember: Hebrew reads from right to left!)
The bible code below shows the top Yeshua joined with the bottom Yeshua, by sharing the same last letters (at 120-letter skip intervals),. (The extremely important reasons why
this Bible code is at 120-letter skips has already been examined in great detail.)
"Yeshua–Yeshua," in turn, runs alongside in-parallel-with the name of God as revealed at the burning bush, (i.e., "I AM," ) at top;
and also with the name of "Elijah," at bottom. (For the significance of "Elijah," here, see Lesson 1b.) Therefore, the name of
"I AM" is also joined vertically to "Elijah," in just the same manner as "Yeshua" is joined vertically to the bottom "Yeshua."
Hence, since all four words are four letters long, they all join at the same place in the middle, and in the very same directions too! Consequently, the letters in the middle are
shared in overlap, and therefore used twice.
Therefore, horizontally, the top "Yeshua" is beside "I AM," and the bottom, "Yeshua" is beside "Elijah."
The green arrows demonstrate how the four vertical words are joined together in the bible code (at 120-letter skips). Hence, each name is 360 letters long, (120 x 3 =
360), with the whole bible code, therefore, 360 x 2 letters long, spanning from top to bottom.
Ye 120 sh 120 u 120 a 120 u 120 hs 120 eY
ELS start's at Exodus 2:18, + 120 x 3, = 360 letters to Ex. 3:1,
+ 120 x 3 more letters = 720 total letters, which ends at Ex. 3:7
(Also, alongside "Yeshua--Yeshua,"
"I AM" with
in exactly the same directions)
Within these same letters, zigzagging, it says:
"Jehovah," "He will be joined (to mankind)!"
"Part 2, Bible-Code Slide" to see how!
Menorah at Mount (in seven parts)
Yeshua Bible Code Home Page
Main Home Page
Main Home Page


text:
Perfect.—For the simple perfect and pluperfect periphrastic forms are often used.
a. For the perfect or pluperfect active indicative the forms of the perfect active participle and εἰμί or ἦν may be used: as λελυκώς εἰμι for λέλυκα, λελυκὼς ἦν for ἐλελύκη. So βεβοηθηκότες ἦσαν for ἐβεβοηθήκεσαν (βοηθέω
b. For the perfect active a periphrasis of the aorist participle and ἔχω is sometimes used, especially when a perfect active form with transitive meaning is lacking; as στήσα_ς ἔχω
c. In the perfect active subjunctive and optative the forms in -κω and -κοιμι are very rare. In their place the perfect active participle with ὦ and εἴην is usually employed: λελυκὼς (λελοιπὼς) ὦ, εἴην. Other forms than 3 sing. and 3 pl. are rare. Cp. cross691, cross694.
d. The perfect or pluperfect passive is often paraphrased by the perfect participle and ἐστί or ἦν; as γεγραμμένον ἐστί
e. In the third plural of the perfect and pluperfect middle (passive) the perfect middle participle with εἰσί (ἦσαν) is used when a stem ending in a consonant would come in direct contact with the endings -νται, -ντο. See cross408.
f. The perfect subjunctive and optative middle are formed by the perfect middle participle with ὦ or εἴην: λελυμένος ὦ, εἴην.
g. The perfect imperative of all voices may be expressed by combining the perfect participle with ἴσθι, ἔστω ( cross697). λελυκὼς ἴσθι
h. Periphrasis of the infinitive is rare:
Future Perfect Active.—The future perfect active of most verbs is formed by combining the perfect active participle with ἔσομαι
a. The perfect middle participle is used in the case of deponent verbs: ἀπολελογημένος ἔσομαι
Future Perfect Passive.—The future perfect passive may be expressed by using the perfect middle (passive) participle with ἔσομαι
Herbert Weir Smyth [n.d.], A Greek Grammar for Colleges; Machine readable text [info] [word count] [Smyth].


text:
Features and Benefits
EMU was developed to provide an intuitive interface to manage, modify and import large numbers of users. Originally developed as a tool to import and modify users for schools, universities and colleges, EMU is more than just a series of batch files or individual utilities. EMU has evolved into a fully-fledged application that eases the administrative burden for all eDirectory, NetWare, GroupWise, and NetMail administrators who deal with large numbers of accounts.
- Easy to use, intuitive workstation application
- Bulk create/modify NetMail attributes (includes automatically creating and setting Sent Folder values and Message Store Settings)
- Bulk modify maximum concurrent connections
- Significant speed improvement with dealing with groups of more than 5,000 users.
- Select/modify/delete accounts based on last login time. Selectable parameters for number of days since last login time, never logged in, not used in X days, etc.
- Supports extended eDirectory schemas and changing extended schema values from a text file.
- Bulk change eDirectory values for existing users from text file
- Scan for duplicate eDirectory/GroupWise accounts or Home Directories entries when creating accounts. Rename duplicates on the fly and have them automatically verified.
- Automatically append a number to accounts that would otherwise conflict. Ability to change the duplicate accounts to a name of your choice.
- Save new, non-conflicting user names to a text file for future reference.
- Ability to bulk modify NDS and/or GroupWise passwords based on the contents of a text file.
- Ability to select and bulk modify accounts and account information based on the contents of a text file.
- Support for managing Novell NetMail user preference settings
- Create and copy files to "Secondary" home directories (directories in another location with "home directory" Trustee Assignments and file ownership)
- Set Trustee Assignments for Home Directories (and Secondary Home Directories) - at creation and during mass modification
- Ability to mass copy files or directories into home directories
- Move user home directories to other volumes - keeps Trustee Assignments, File Ownership and Disk Restriction information
- Check for duplicate user names in specific containers (or the entire tree) before creating user IDs
- Enhanced ability to modify users based on the contents of a text file
- Bulk modify user properties based on Group Membership
- Add and delete Group Membership at the same time
- Bulk modify GroupWise visibility
- Bulk modify GroupWise and NDS passwords
- Create GroupWise users for existing NDS users
- Ability to save all create information to an EMU profile - a powerful improvement on the concept of user templates. Allows you to re-use the field links for multiple import sessions.
EMU drives value to the bottom line by freeing up your advanced network administrators to carry more critical tasks than managing user accounts. By using EMU to carry out identity management bulk changes, network administrators from schools, school districts, colleges, universities and large enterprise networks are able to focus on the more pressing tasks of increasing the Return On Investment and offering additional and improved services to their users.
Short turn-arounds between semesters and bulk account creation or deletion have never been easier than with EMU.
EMU helps your company save time, energy and effort. It allows your administrators to focus on upper level tasks rather than user creation and modification tasks.
Better and faster user creation and management - better results!


text:
In 2009 the Provand's Lordship Garden Project was launched to establish and maintain a herbal garden. The intention was to create a community garden that volunteers are welcomed to. Where they can also help to maintain it, and enjoy it.
The garden also aims to provide opportunities for people and communities to enjoy the health benefits of working in the garden. They also have the opportunity to learn about herbalism, the garden, and history.
Volunteers will be encouraged to hold activities in the garden and in Provand's Lordship. There will also be a lively public programme that will reflect local communities.
The garden is explained through labels and leaflets so visitors can enjoy and understand it.
This work could not have been carried out without generous help and advice from the following:
The Incorporation of Gardeners of Glasgow donated money towards the project.
The Wise Group has provided materials and volunteers.
Glasgow City Council Land and Environmental Services have provided tools and assistance.
The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow, and the Wellcome Trust, have provided resources and advice for researching medieval and herbal medicine.


text:
Volatile liquids refer to those liquids that are easily vaporized. Vaporization is the process by which a liquid is converted into its gaseous form. During the conversion, the molecules of the liquid start to move faster, bouncing of each other at a higher rate with higher energies. This increases the pressure of the system as pressure is related to the force and frequency the molecules hit the container. Eventually, the pressure build up (vapor pressure) and the liquid will start to transform into a gas. Saying that a liquid is volatile means it has a higher vapor pressure such that it only needs to build up a lower pressure in order to be converted into the gaseous phase.
Now, this entire process is endothermic. In order for the molecules to move faster, or kinetic energy to be higher, the temperature must first be raised -- and this is caused by the system absorbing heat from the surroundings. In general, any vaporization process is endothermic -- absorbs heat.
An example of a volatile is the common hand alcohol. It feels cold when rubbed in your skin, because it absorbs heat from your body as it is being converted from the liquid phase to the gas phase.


Last name origins & meanings:
 2. German: habitational name from Loy in Oldenburg.
 3. Dutch: variant of Lowy.
 4. Italian (Sardinian): from the personal name Loi, a short form of Balloi, a pet form of Salvatóre.
 5. Spanish and Italian: possibly from a reduced form of the personal name Eloy (see 1 above), of which the Italian form is Eligio.
 6. French (Picardy): nickname for someone who was quick to have recourse to the law: a frequent or vexatious litigant, or perhaps a metonymic occupational name for a lawyer.
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Comments for Loy
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A. If the DNS zone is Active Directory (AD)-integrated, meaning the DNS zone information is stored in AD, then an RODC's DNS information is read-only, like the content of AD.
If the DNS receives a write attempt, the DNS server will refer the client to a writable DNS server and then try and replicate from that writable DNS server after 30 seconds.
Related Reading:


text:
Canes are strong slender often flexible stems from bamboos, reeds, rattans, or sugar cane.
Crops are a short type of whip without a thong used in horseback riding, also known as riding crops.
Feathers are plumage from a bird or other animal. Some feathers are synthetic with plastic spines. Ticklers are flexible wands with rubber strands or feathers.
Floggers are lightweight whips with a handle and multiple lashes.
Paddles are flat blades, usually in the shape of an oar, with a handle. Some are paddles are padded and some have words that leave impressions.
Slappers are two paddles bound together at the handle. When struck against a person, the two paddles hit one another and create a loud sound.
Whips are sticks or handles with lashes or tassels attached to the end.


text:
Left Axis: Ratio of Varied Thrushs counted to number of participants counting for that year.
Right Axis: Percent of total census circles reporting a Varied Thrush that year.
The Christmas Bird Count is the longest running bird census in the world.
From 1900 until the present, the cbc has been performed and steadily expanded throughout North America and beyond.
With more than 2000 census circles in existance today, the data is much more extensive in later counts
than earlier counts. Additionally, the data collected has been expanded to reduce some of the intrinsic
variability in the technique. By dividing the number of birds counted by the number of participants
doing the counting a certain amount of varibility is reduced and a more accurate analysis is possible.
However, other biases exist in the data and a good reference is available online from the
USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center.


text:
The Georgian conflict ended 1,716 days of no war between nations. But trends favor peace.
Chapel Hill, N.C.; and Bowling Green, Ohio
When Russian troops attacked Georgia this month, rolling tanks into Tskhinvali and bombing Gori, it was not just a tragedy for the Caucasus. It also marked the demise of more than four years of no war between nations, the longest period in modern history.
With the news so full of violence, you may not have noticed that the world was at peace. But ever since India and Pakistan signed a cease-fire in November 2003, there have been no wars between governments. That's 1,716 straight days of world peace. Russia's invasion ended the streak on Aug. 8.
The previous record had been just over 600 days, from the end of the second Taiwan Straits crisis in 1958 to border skirmishes between Ethiopia and Somalia in 1960. Since then, there had been as many as nine interstate conflicts at a time, according to the International Peace Research Institute in Oslo, which counts conflicts with 25 or more battle-related deaths. But none of these involved national armies fighting one another.
The war over South Ossetia reminds us of the awesome destructive power of modern states – hundreds of people reportedly killed in a single day, soldiers fighting their way through cities and countryside devastating communities in their path, jets dropping bombs on apartment buildings. Since World War II, interstate wars have averaged four times more fatalities than other civil conflicts.


text:
Who can you talk to about periods?
This lesson uses reinforces the idea that menstruation is a private conversation topic and supports identification of at least two people your student/client/child can speak to about menstruation. You could also identify the people that we don't talk to about periods e.g. the bus driver, the shopkeeper, etc.
Foundation Knowledge for this lesson includes differentiation of male and female bodies; awareness of age and body differences between babies, children, adolescents, and adults; receptive identification of vagina; public and private body parts; receptive identification of sanitary pads, bin, toilet, and underpants; receptive identification of blood.
- Customise: take photos of trusted adults who are comfortable talking with your student about periods, as well as people they may know and have a good relationship with but would not be appropriate to talk with about periods.
- Public and Private reinforcement: Include a period image in a lesson about public and private talk topics.


When Small Businesses Need a CFO
Recording financial transactions and reconciling bank accounts are important tasks for running your day-to-day business and getting your taxes done. Turning that financial data into useful information for making business decisions takes a specialized skill set. It takes analytical and management skills to plan for growth and adopt a long term view.
A Chief Financial Officer, or CFO, has the experience and expertise to provide the analysis and financial direction that businesses need to make informed financial decisions and detect impending issues before they morph into expensive crises. Most small businesses can't afford a fulltime CFO, but they often can afford to engage a CPA firm or financial consultant to perform the CFO role for a few hours a month.
So, when is it time to engage a part time CFO? Small businesses need a CFO when:
 - Cash Flow Isn't Flowing
Knowing how much cash is available to run and invest in your business is crucial to keeping your doors open. Dire and expensive surprises happen to businesses that can't clearly project their bank balances, revenues coming in, and payments going out. If your monthly cash flow isn't flowing in and out like you think it should, a CFO can establish cash flow projections that provide reliable information.
 - Your Budget is Last Year Plus 5%
A budget spells out the financial resources needed to deliver your services or product, maintain your infrastructure, and invest in growth or improvements. If it's just based on last year, it probably doesn't address all your financial objectives or changes in your business. A CFO can help you build a budget that effectively addresses all the essential elements for costs, revenues, and shortand long-term investments in your business.
 - Price Doesn't Cover Costs
Charging the same price as the competition might work for the other guy, but if it doesn't cover your costs you won't be in business for long. Pricing your service or product requires knowing your costs and understanding the value that distinguishes your business from that "other guy". A CFO can examine your costs, identify the fixed, variable, direct and indirect cost components, and advise you on pricing and profit margins.
A part time CFO is a business investment in sustaining and growing your business. Her or his skill set and experience focus on the analysis to make higher-level financial decisions needed to plan for growth and sustainability. Investing in a part time CFO will pay you back over and over again, as your business thrives and grows.


- The Redeye
Should Pilots be Allowed to Sleep on the Flight?
Do you get enough sleep?
Picture this: You're soaring through the atmosphere. You get on the mic to address the cabin and crew.
However, instead of your normal message, you end up saying "This is your captain speaking. From dreamworld."
Startled, you wake up and realize it was just a dream. But you're really on a plane, and you're not going to get fired for sleeping.
Sound a bit farfetched? Well, pretty soon it may not be. Having unconscious pilots on board appears to be what the aviation industry needs to improve safety.
Why Pilots Need Naps
Pilot fatigue is a big deal. It can lead to minor issues, such as a change in disposition, to major life-threatening ones. Fatigue, in the general sense, is brought on by a poor sleep schedule. This can mean either an amount of sleep less than 8 hours or a simple lack of consistency in your schedule.
Additionally, pilots suffer from work fatigue, which is slightly different from regular fatigue. Work-related exhaustion comes from extended periods of work without a somewhat equivalent time off period.
Foregoing these important stretches of rest and relaxation can lead to a build of mental or emotional turmoil. And given enough time, this stress can cause any of the issues below.
Making poor decisions Not adapting quickly to a situation Missing situational cues Forgetting details....
These are not symptoms we want from pilots entrusted with the safety of so many.
Now, general and work-related fatigue are bad on their own, but pilots experience both on a semi-regular basis (i.e. working 12-hour shifts) in addition to a few other unique situations.
Captains and co-pilots often start their work day in one time zone and then end it in another. This leads to internal time zone variance. For example, pilots can clearly see it's 12:00 PM where they are. But that doesn't change the fact they physically feel like it's 1:00 AM.
The collective stress of all three types of fatigue has led to a call for "Controlled-Rest In Position" or CRIP.
What is CRIP?
To alleviate pilot fatigue, pilots may be allowed to nap during a flight for a short period of time. Specifically, pilots may be allowed CRIP for 40-minutes. Studies suggest this brief period of rest having positive results.
That said, there will be strict regulations associate with it such as those listed below.
Captains and co-pilots must tell each other about their intended nap before doing so Both must be awake a half hour before the landing Take 15 minutes to fully wake up before resuming work, unless it's an emergency CRIP is a humane and straightforward way to address pilot fatigue. Taking a 40-minute nap can provide the relief pilots desperately need. And the 15-minute grace period ensures pilots are able to get their bearings without rushing back to work.
Nevertheless, if the public does not understand why CRIP is important, they won't support the movement for more naps.
According to a survey conducted by Florida Institute of Technology, most consumers find the idea of an unconscious pilot frightening. That said, the test goes on to reveal people tend to feel better about the idea once they understand why CRIP is needed. Reducing pilot fatigue improves safety, even if sleeping pilots might be counterintuitive.
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text:
A Grammar of Jero: With a Historical Comparative Study of the Kiranti Languages
This is the first description of the complex-pronominalising (endangered) language of the Jero Rai, one of the Kiranti tribes of eastern Nepal. The book also contains a historical comparative study of the Kiranti languages. An exhaustive reference work for Tibeto-Burman linguistics, language typology and linguistic theory.
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CHAPTER ONE THE JERO LANGUAGE AND ITS RELATIVES
CHAPTER TWO PHONOLOGY AND MORPHOPHONOLOGY
CHAPTER THREE NOMINALS AND ADVERBIALS
9 other sections not shown
actant adjective of purpose adverbs agreement suffixes allomorphs Ambote auxiliary Bahing bakcamm bakcapa Bantawa Chamling consonant contrast cooked grain cooked.grain Diagram dumcamm Dumi Eastern Kiranti expected factual verbal adjective garnu gerund Hayu hunu I/we imperative initial unexplained Jero Jero and Wambule Khaling khus Kiranti languages Kulung lexical Limbu loans from Nepali marks me>am Michailovsky 1994 middle verb Mohantare MORPHEME GLOSS morphophonological nasal Nepali ni>am nominal noun number agreement obstruents pacamm vt-2a pacapa patient perfect gerund periphrastic person and number person dual phoneme phonological phrasal point of reference post-final postposition preglottalised pronouns Proto-Kiranti Proto-Tibeto-Burman realised reflected in words regularly have initial root alternation root-final second person suffix marker suffix MORPHEME Sunwar syllable syllable-final theyp Thulung transitive relationship transitive verbs Urjgu verb forms verb root verbal adjective Verbs ending vi-la-i vi-lb vi-lc vm-la vocoid vowel Yamphu


text:
Making SYMLINK without any parameters using MKLINK command
Making SYMLINKD using MKLINK /D command
Making HARDLINK using MKLINK /H command
Making JUNCTION using MKLINK /J command
When you are using this command you should know that …
- When using without any parameters it makes symlink between two files … Files are accessible only localy on same machine.
- When using with /D parameter it creates symlinkd link between two folders … linked folder is accessible only localy.
- When using with /H parameter it creates hardlink between two files … This file is normaly accessible over the network and localy.
- When using with /J parameter it creates so called Directory junction that makes folder accessible using different name… It works localy and over the network.
So now you are able to share a folder in which you can put Directory junction folders, that normaly are not shared…


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What are the dangers of hydrogen-powered vehicles?
Just how dangerous is it?
The German-designed and built passenger airship the Hindenburg (LZ-129) catches fire as it attempts to land in Lakehurst, N.J., May 6, 1937.
Arthur Cofod/Pictures Inc./Time Life Pictures/Getty Images
Now that you know about the dangers of hydrogen as a fuel source, should you be terrified by the prospect of having a tank full of it in your car? Not necessarily. Because hydrogen gas is so light, it disperses rapidly, mixing with the surrounding air and rapidly rising through it. Although pure hydrogen ignites quite easily, in reality, this diluted hydrogen mixture is no more likely to catch fire than gasoline is. And because it rises it isn't likely to remain near the ground, where it's most likely to harm people.
The most famous hydrogen fire in history was probably the explosion of the German airship Hindenburg in 1937. No one is exactly sure how the fire started -- there are a few theories -- but the Hindenburg contained a large quantity of hydrogen, which burst into flame along with the airship's skin. Of the 97 passengers and crewmembers on board the Hindenburg, 35 died. This harmed the reputation of hydrogen for many decades and most likely slowed its use as a fuel; however, there's no evidence that any of the victims were killed by the hydrogen fire itself. Most died when they panicked and jumped out of the airship. The rest were killed when the fire spread to the engines, as result of the airship's burning skin. The hydrogen, meanwhile, rose above the passengers and crewmembers, keeping the hydrogen fire above the mayhem happening below.
Because a hydrogen fire doesn't radiate as much heat as most fires do, it is less likely to cause secondary fires. This doesn't mean that the hydrogen fire wouldn't burn you if you touched it -- it's still plenty hot -- but it's less likely to spread. As for the hydrogen being odorless and undetectable, this can be offset to some extent by the addition of odorants to hydrogen fuel, giving the hydrogen an artificial yet detectable smell. As the hydrogen disperses the odorant won't necessarily travel with it, but you'll be able to determine that a hydrogen leak has occurred and take appropriate action.
As for the danger of asphyxiation -- this is really only a problem in an enclosed space, such as a garage. If a hydrogen leak occurs in the open, the rapid dispersal of hydrogen means that it's unlikely that there will be a large enough concentration of the gas to present a breathing hazard.
This doesn't mean that hydrogen shouldn't be treated with a healthy respect for its dangers, but in practice, these dangers are unlikely to be any greater than those of gasoline. In fact, with its rapid dispersal and tendency to rise, hydrogen could pose less of a threat than the fuels we use now.
For more information about hydrogen, fuel cells and other related topics, follow the links on the next page.
More to Explore


text:
Test Yourself Sample Questions: Mathematics
The following questions were included in the 2005 NAEP mathematics assessment at grade 12. As in the actual assessment, some of the questions are multiple-choice, and others are open-ended constructed-response items. Although students are asked to hand-write their responses, you can type yours in the space provided.
INSTRUCTIONS: Answer the questions below.


text:
A command to calculate the angle between two planes. Each plane is spanned by the first two eigenvectors from the corresponding PCA.
The algorithm is described in section 12.4.3 of Golub & van Loan (1996):
First we form the projection of one set of eigenvectors on the other set. This results in a 2×2 matrix C:
|C = E1′ E2,|
where E1 and E2 are 2×dimension and dimension×2 matrices that contain the first two eigenvectors of the PCA's, respectively.
Next, we compute the singular value decomposition of C:
|C = U Σ V′|
Now the cosine of the angle between the two planes is given by σ2 and the angle in degrees is therefore:
© djmw, October 28, 2004


text:
On Inventing the Radio
Guglielmo Marconi, an Italian inventor, demonstrated the practicability of radio communication. His first radio signal was sent and received in 1895. In 1899, the first wireless signal was sent across the English Channel. In 1902, the letter 'S' was telegraphed from England to Newfoundland. This was the first triumphant transatlantic radiotelegraph.


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My question is simple:
What tactics are used with PostgreSQL based applications to avoid the user ever being presented with a DB generated error caused by constraints and foreign keys etc.?
The rationale for this question is:
It is common practise within all DBs I've worked with to trap at least some user errors. Generally you try to make sure the application guides the users away from error but no matter how idiot proof you make something, someone will always make a better idiot. As a result you always need to encode constraints such as unique constraints and foreign key constraints to ensure that a brilliantly foolish individual does not corrupt your data.
These need to be DB constraints and not application logic because frequently they involve race conditions (only the DB can correctly keep something unique or enforce foreign keys etc).
For modern software it no longer acceptable to present a user with a message such as: ERROR: duplicate key value violates unique constraint "test_x_key". Just the word "error" makes some users phone tech support to tell them the application has broken. Users expect to be talked to as people not as a computer. And well they should... computers the servants of people; not the other way around.
The problem is, I have never found a good solution to reliably catch a DB error resulting from a constraint and trace it's precise origin in order to a) have the application take appropriate action such as correcting the error automatically and retrying or b) presenting the user with a meaningful error message written by the application designer not the makers of PostgreSQL.
I have thought of parsing the resulting human readable error message which usually available in some form or other depending on which language you're working in. My concern over this answer is that I don't see the error messages specified in the manual and so I'm not certain how reliable they are from one version of PostgreSQL to the next.
I'm interested to know: What techniques do people use to identify which DB constraint caused a DML statement to fail or what techniques do people use to avoid hitting these constraints entirely.
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closed as too broad by Juhana, Charles, Dimitri M, Harry Johnston, Chris Mar 3 at 7:08
2 Answers
When you catch the error, extract the constraint name from the exception/error message and use the constraint name as a key to a resource bundle that maps the name to a human readable message
Given the table:
create table foo
 id integer constraint pk_foo primary key,
 some_value integer
create a resource bundle (or whatever technique you use in your programming language) with this content:
pk_foo=This record already exists in the database
For FK constraints you can have something like:
fk_foo_bar=There is no corresponding "bar" record available.
These messages can then even be localized.
To supply "generic" error messages, you should rely on the error code and not on the message. The error codes are described in the manual
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Could you elaborate a little on the reliability of error messages. You suggest that parsing them is acceptable. What is the scope for them changing from one version to the next and thus messing up the "extraction" of the constraint name? – couling Jan 6 '13 at 23:14
_USER_: although there is a chance they will change, I doubt that existing message will change substantially. I would however make sure that the language is always set to english, so that you don't need to worry about that. – a_horse_with_no_name Jan 7 '13 at 8:02
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Another possibility (although I can't comment on whether it's a good solution) is to create your own set of translated messages.
See Native Language Support for a description of how message catalogs are written for PostgreSQL. Many of the message strings are parameterized so you may find that the information that you plan to parse out of the error message is already treated as a parameter anyway.
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This is exactly what we do with LedgerSMB. One note I would make is that the best way to do this is to translate the SQL State code to a human readable message, not the db error string. – Chris Travers Mar 4 '13 at 11:55
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General Question
sfgal's avatar
grammar question: me vs. my?
Asked by sfgal (277 points ) August 16th, 2007
in a sentence such as "this led to me being promoted" is "me" correct or should it be "this led to my being promoted"? what is the general rule here?
Observing members: 0 Composing members: 0
8 Answers
bybvibe93's avatar
I believe its me
TruMobius's avatar
It would be either
"this lead to me being promoted"
"this lead to my promotion"
gailcalled's avatar
Me is pronoun; my is pronomial adjective.. _USER_ got it in one. Our language gets very confusing. Woe is I.
ben's avatar
I'd recommend less passive language to avoid this problem completely. For example,
"This action necessitated my promotion." (Or "fostered," or any other active verb).
It is a valid question though.
sarahsugs's avatar
Actually I think it's my. I remember learning that when a pronoun precedes a gerund (-ing) verb, you need the possessive form of the pronoun. As if the action belongs to that person.
bob's avatar
You should use the possessive adjective, "my."
The promotion is the object of the verb "led." If "me" were the object of the verb (e.g., "The trail of evidence led to me.") then you would use me, which is an object pronoun. Since the object of the verb is "being promoted," use the possessive adjective to indicate that it's your promotion.
Usually we don't make this distinction in spoken English, and it might sound stuffy to use the possessive pronoun among friends. But in written English, and especially on resumes or in business documents, the possessive adjective is definitely preferable.
Here's a more thorough explanation of the general rule.
I agree with Ben, though, that it's simpler (and better) to say "my promotion" rather than "my being promoted," and if you can phrase your promotion as something that you brought about actively, rather than passively, then all the better.
Poser's avatar
I agree with Ben. Toss out those "be" verbs that cause a sentence to stagnate. Action, man, action.
morphail's avatar
I disagree with Ben. You can use either object or possessive pronouns before gerunds. It depends on the emphasis you want to convey.
The argument that gerunds are nouns, therefore must be used with possessive pronouns, doesn't work. Gerunds have noun-like properties in that they can be preceded by possessives, ie "my being promoted", but they also have verb-like properties in that they can be followed by objects, ie "would you mind me/my borrowing your cell phone?"
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text: ASSESSMENT OF ARTERIALIZATION OF PERIPHERAL VENOUS BLOOD IN WELLPERFUSED DOGS. Y Shiroshita1,2, Y Yamane1. 1Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan. 2Sagamigaoka Animal Clinic, Kanagawa, Japan. Multiple arterial blood gas samples are essential for monitoring a patient during perioperative and critical care. In small animals, an indwelling arterial cannula is usually used for multiple blood gas sampling, although it may cause massive hematoma from rupture of the artery. In well-perfused humans, blood obtained from a superficial hand vein after heating the hands in hot water for several minutes has been reported as an appropriate substitute for arterial samples for the measurement of pH, PCO2, and lactate. The heated-hand technique is referred to as arterialization. Multiple blood gas samples can be obtained more easily and safely with this technique than with an indwelling arterial cannula. This study aimed to ascertain if arterialized venous blood samples can replace arterial blood gas sampling in well-perfused dogs. Blood samples from the femoral artery (A), cephalic vein (CV), and saphenous vein (SV) were simultaneously collected from 8 lightly anesthetized dogs under conditions of experimentally induced metabolic acidosis, metabolic alkalosis, respiratory acidosis, and respiratory alkalosis in each dog. Samples were analyzed for pH, PCO2, PO2, [HCO3−], and base excess for each acid–base status. Metabolic acidosis was induced by continuous infusion of 0.6 M NH4Cl in 5% dextrose, and metabolic alkalosis was induced by administration of 1 M sodium bicarbonate solution. Respiratory acid–base disturbances were induced by mechanical ventilation. The forepaw and hindpaw were continuously heated at 37oC to arterialize CV and SV. Mean arterial pressure was maintained at more than 80 mm Hg. Statistical analysis was performed using MANOVA and linear regression. Bland–Altman plots were used to assess the degree of agreement between the blood gas values of A and arterialized CV or SV. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. pH, [HCO3−], and base excess values in arterialized CV and SV exhibited no significant differences from those in A, high correlations with those in A (coefficient of determination, r2 = 0.93–0.99), and a clinically approximate agreement with those in A, respectively. PO2 values under all acid-base statuses in arterialized CV and SV were significantly lower than those in A (P < 0.01) and not correlated with those in A (r2 = 0.51–0.75), respectively. PCO2 values under metabolic acidosis in arterialized CV and SV were significantly higher than those in A [CV, 38.7 ± 2.6; SV, 37.5 ± 2.6; A, 33.2 ± 3.0 (mean ± SD) mm Hg; P < 0.01]. However, PCO2 in arterialized SV was closely correlated with that in A under both metabolic and respiratory acid–base disturbances (r2 = 0.93 and 0.99, respectively). It also demonstrated clinically acceptable agreement with that in A. In conclusion, arterialized SV blood samples can replace arterial blood gas samples for the measurement of pH, PCO2, [HCO3−], and base excess in well-perfused dogs for clinical purposes.