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Molly Bang crafts a tale about anger that kids of all ages can relate to. Click here to read When Sophie Gets Angry–Really, Really Angry… at the ICDL (International Children's Digital Library), then answer the questions below.
1. When you watch a movie or read a book, you are the audience. When writers sit down to create a story, they think about their audience, or who will read the book when it's finished. Molly Bang is the author of When Sophie Gets Angry–Really, Really Angry… Describe the audience.
2. Writers write for a reason. This reason is called the author's purpose. There are three main purposes. The first is to entertain, which means to tell a story that is fun to read. The second reason is to inform. An author informs their audience when they teach them something new. The third reason is to persuade, which is when an author tries to get their audience to do something, or stop doing something. Describe Molly Bang's purpose for writing this book.
3. Narratives are stories, and the characters are the animals, people, or other creatures in the story. Who are the characters in this narrative?
4. The setting of a narrative is where and when it takes place. What is the setting of When Sophie Gets Angry–Really, Really Angry…?
5. A narrative has a conflict, and a resolution. The conflict is the problem. The resolution is how the problem gets fixed. How would you describe the conflict of this narrative?
6. How does Sophie resolve the conflict?
7. Molly Bang received a Caldecott Award for her illustrations in this book. How does she use color to make the characters, setting and action come to life?
8. Writers use similes to compare two things with the words like or as. For example, an author could say a runner is as speedy as a cheetah. Metaphors compare two things without using like or as. When Sophie gets angry, Molly Bang uses the metaphor, "Sophie is a volcano, ready to explode." Write another metaphor for anger that describes Sophie. Next, write a simile for Sophie.
9. Many authors use onomatopoeia to make their books fun to read. Onomatopoeia are words that sound like something real. Some examples are bonk, splat and whoosh. Find "PABAM!" in the book. Why does Molly Bang (whose last name happens to be an example of onomatopoeia) use onomatopoeia on this page?
10. Create a list of five other examples of onomatopoeia that could be used instead of "PABAM!"
11. Alliteration is when authors use the same beginning sound for words. For example, a light, little leaf landed on a log in Louisiana late last night. Locate an example of alliteration in the book. Write the example of alliteration, then draw a picture that matches the words.
12. Look closely at each page of the book. Find your favorite illustration. Use alliteration to describe what you see on the page.
13. The five senses are sight, touch, smell, taste and hearing. A person is mindful when they focus one or more senses on a single thought, feeling, flavor, texture, color or sound. Sophie is mindful after she cries. How does she use her senses during this part of the story?
14. How does mindfulness help Sophie feel better?
15. Describe a time you or someone you know were as angry as Sophie. Describe the conflict. Use transition words like first, next, then, before, after, etc. If there was a resolution, describe that too.
16. How could mindfulness have helped the person feel better?
17. When Sophie sits in the beech tree, Molly Bang writes, "The wide world comforts her." Click here for a kids' dictionary, then look up the meaning of comfort. How can the "wide world" comfort a person?
18. Describe a time something or someone comforted you. Use transition words like first, next, then, before, after, etc.
19. Think about a time when you comforted another person or animal. Describe what happened. Use transition words like first, next, then, before, after, etc.
20. When readers compare two things, they think about how they are the same. Compare yourself to Sophie.
21. Readers contrast two things when they think about how they are different. Contrast Sophie and yourself.
22. When Sophie gets home, it is "warm and smells good." Warm and good are adjectives. Adjectives are used to describe something. Close your eyes and image the warm home, and why it smells good. Explain why the home smells good. Use other adjectives to describe what you imagine.
23. After reading When Sophie Gets Angry–Really, Really Angry…, what questions would you like to ask Sophie, her family, or the author?
24. Everyone feels angry, sad, or worried sometimes. These feelings are perfectly normal. It's okay to feel these emotions, and it's important to recognize them. Recognize means you know what something is, and that it is there. When we feel sad, worried, or angry about something, we can stop to be mindful of our feelings. When we hold on to one of these feelings for too long, it's like trying to blow up a balloon more and more until it pops. When we feel like we're going to pop like a balloon, we need to stop, recognize what is happening, then let out the air. Click here and explore a mindfulness exercise you can use anytime you feel like you're about to pop like a balloon.
E X T E N D....
1. Imagine yourself coming home. Close your eyes and count to thirty. Be mindful of your surroundings. Write and complete the passage below to describe the experience.
When I walk inside, my home smells __________. I also smell __________. I see __________, __________, and __________. They are __________. I can hear __________, __________, __________, and __________. I sit down, and the __________ feels __________, and __________. __________ brings me a __________ for a snack, and I can taste __________, and __________. My home is…
2. Create the scene of yourself coming home. Draw, paint or sculpt what you described. Give it to someone special.


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Resolved questions
His house is a _____ between a palace and a hotel.
A. combination
B. union
C. cross
Note: Is the answer C? Can you think of other ways to express similar meaning? Thanks
For learning: English
Base language: English
Category: Language
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 C. If you changed "between" to 'of", then A would work.
 Another way to say it could be "His house is part palace and part hotel" (or use "half" instead of "part")
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text: La Mesa Fire Department maintains a program to interview and educate children who have been playing with matches or fire. Curiosity with fire is very common among children. Fire in the hands of children is very dangerous. Intervention is important to prevent a catastrophe. If you suspect that your child has been playing with fire please contact the Fire Prevention Bureau to schedule an appointment. This process is free of charge to residents.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


The loneliness epidemic is very real—and we urgently need to fix it
This global public health issue has been gaining traction over the past few years, well before the COVID-19 lockdowns ushered the world indoors. Here, Vogue examines how loneliness affects health, why we need to talk about it more and the positive steps to preventing it
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Lafayette Park Case Study
1582 Words 7 Pages
1.0 Introduction
This project deserves more recognition. As the first masterpiece of city revival plan, pull the Fiat Park residential area can be said which do not cross the advertised role for the development of city residence, built in the 50 years after the house into an indelible vitality also to the area of city development. It is the largest collection of buildings designed by Mies Van der Rohe in the world. Lafayette Park is the country's first planned city renewal project and has been one of the most complete realization of the mid twentieth Century and the most successful development of city renewal. The site is an excellent example of the ideal of "super block" urban planning, combining the principles of international style architecture
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It also has other Name is that Gratiot Redevelopment Area, it was built in 1956. Lafayette Park is a 78 acre urban renewal project based on a "superblock" plan devised by planner Ludwig Hilberseimer, architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (also known simply as "Mies"), landscape architect Alfred Caldwell, and developer Harold Greenwald in the mid 1950s.
Ludwig Hilberseimer: born in 1885 and died in 1967, he was a German architect. He has two famous projects, they are Bauhaus and Mies Van der Rohe.
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe : born in 1886 and died in 1969, a German-American architect.
Alfred Caldwell: born in 1903 and died in 1998, an American architect. He became famous by the landscape architect in Chicago.
Figure 4 Lafayette park site plan(detail) (resource:Neighboring and Boundaries in Mies van der Rohe's Lafayette Park, Detroit, Janine
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"Urban space context" is an important manifestation of the precious wealth and human spiritual sustenance endowed by nature and history. The city space context as the starting point of city characteristics, characteristics of the problem can be avoided in the city on the personal value of the limitations of subjective factors to remove the city characteristic cognition, study those factors closely related to the development and the characteristics of the city space. The city designers, is advocated in the section of concrete design, through research and analysis and system of "city space context", pay attention to maintain continuity in space and city culture, life in the design, in order to highlight the characteristics of the city to. In a word, this concept limits the problem of urban characteristics in the category of space as the basic research object, and has stronger guidance and operability for
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Google, Amazon, Facebook Help U.K. Researchers Hack Cancer
The aim of the resulting game -- codenamed GeneRun -- is to recruit as many "citizen scientists" as possible to play what are hoped to be fun and engaging games, but which are actually cleverly disguised ways to get more eyeballs on very complex cancer mutation graphical data.
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At present, researchers need to carefully spot connections in cancer DNA mutation data by eye, as this is a task that can not yet be automated with computers. The problem: there are not enough scientists to do that, which means insights into the way cells become cancerous are being lost.
"Our machines can't pick up on the very slight variations and nuances that only the human eye can pick up on," said Amy Carton, Citizen Science projects lead at Cancer Research U.K., the research charity behind the program. "And we have terabytes of data to get through."
[ Want to learn how big data is contributing to the fight against cancer? See IBM Watson Helps Doctors Fight Cancer. ]
If it comes off, GeneRun could add the help of thousands of volunteer "researchers," who will (presumably) be sifting through data while they are solving puzzles or killing virtual aliens.
The GameJam hackathon will bring together 40 developers, graphic designers, data specialists and gamers to come up with a basic design by Sunday, March 3. An agency will then build the game, with a proposed summer 2013 launch.
"We're making great progress in understanding the genetic reasons cancer develops," said professor Carlos Caldas, senior group leader at the Cancer Research U.K. Cambridge Institute at the University of Cambridge.
"But the clues to why some drugs will work and some won't are held in data which need to be analyzed by the human eye -- and this could take years. By harnessing the collective power of citizen scientists we'll accelerate the discovery of new ways to diagnose and treat cancer much more precisely."
The British arm of Amazon Web Services is providing -- for no charge -- the technology platform on which the final game will be hosted, plus supplying the 40 anticipated GameJam participants with free technology resources and expertise to help them start GeneRun game development.
Facebook U.K. is similarly supporting the cancer GameJam with expertise from its London-based engineering team, and it has been acting as an informal recruiter through its links with some of the British universities sending attendees, including London's City University. Google U.K. will provide financial support and is hosting the hackathon at Campus, its co-working space in the heart of East London's Tech City.
"It is exciting to be part of this project and use cloud technology and gamification of data to help in driving research towards finding a cure for cancer," said Teresa Carlson, VP of worldwide public sector for Amazon Web Services. Philip Su, engineering site director of Facebook London, said, "At Facebook we believe the best way to solve a problem is to bring smart people together to 'hack' a solution; that approach is just as valid in the field of life sciences as it is in software engineering."
Speaking on the BBC Friday morning, Su said, "We're harnessing the power of people from all over the place here... The average U.K. Facebook user has 256 friends and if only one of those people potentially downloads this game, then that could really help. We see this as an unqualified 'good.'"
For George Freeman, a politician who is also life science adviser to the government, "This is a fantastic example of how the U.K. is harnessing the power of the Internet for good, using cutting-edge technology to further research. We look forward to seeing the fruits of this innovative exercise."
GeneRun will combine anonymized Cancer Research U.K. DNA datasets with data analysis technology from The Citizen Science Alliance, a group of organizations committed to increasing the British public's participation in science.
The GeneRun experiment follows that organization's earlier attempt to recruit crowdsourcing help in unpicking complex dataset analysis using a game called CellSlider, which gets gamers to help analyze archived cancer tissue samples. Carton told listeners on the BBC Friday that CellSlider was able to process in three months via a global crowdsourcing game effort what otherwise would have taken 18 months.
"We've already seen that there are tens of thousands of people happy to contribute their spare time to the cause of science," said Dr. Chris Lintott, the Alliance's chair. "We hope the GameJam will let even more people join forces to help find cures for cancer."
"We're looking for use of people's'micro-moments' here," added Carton. "We're asking people to kill a bit of time here and also do what we all want to do at the same time. Kill cancer."

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Thanksgiving should be a time for celebration, not cruelty, yet approximately 45 million turkeys -- gentle birds who enjoy having their feathers stroked and gobbling along to music -- are killed every year for Thanksgiving dinner.
Before they're killed, turkeys spend several months packed tightly together in filthy, dark sheds. To keep them from pecking one another in stress and deprivation, factory workers cut off part of the birds' sensitive upper beaks with a hot blade -- using no pain relievers.
At the slaughterhouse, the terrified turkeys are hung upside-down and dragged through an electrified "stunning tank," which immobilizes them but does not kill them. Many birds dodge the tank and are still conscious when their throats are slit. Many are then scalded alive in the tanks of water used for feather removal.
If you want your holiday centerpiece to reflect joy and gratitude rather than pain and suffering, then try a tasty vegan feast. Visit PETA.org for gourmet recipes and product suggestions, and have a happy and humane holiday.
The PETA Foundation


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This study follows a 2003 report by the same group showing that inhaled nitric oxide decreased the risk of chronic lung disease, severe bleeding into the brain and death in premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome.
The latest study, which focused on the mental development of the same children when assessed by neurologists near their second birthday, found that only 24 percent of the children who received nitric oxide at birth had delayed mental development or a disability, such as blindness, cerebral palsy or hearing loss, compared to 46 percent of those who received standard treatment of oxygen with no nitric oxide.
"This is the first therapy for premature infants that has demonstrated a significant impact on brain development," said study director Michael Schreiber, M.D., professor of pediatrics at the University of Chicago. "Not only does nitric oxide extend life in a large group of premature infants, it also improves the quality of life for the children and their parents."
Premature birth is one of the leading causes of infant death and disability in the United States. An estimated 60,000 children a year are born early with lungs so underdeveloped that they need help to breathe. These children have a much greater risk for death and lifelong health problems, including brain injury and delayed development.
The researchers followed 138 children from the original study 70 patients from the control group an
Contact: Katie O'Boyle
University of Chicago Medical Center


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Why Choose SST Pre-K Program?
While many continue to study the lasting effects of academics of a full-day pre-K program compared to half-day pre-k program, we believe that most research already indicates that an extended-day program of good quality has a dramatic effect on a child's learning across a wide range of knowledge and skills. We realize that many families need full-day programs in order to accommodate parent work schedules, therefore it is important to SST that we invest and offer a program that can meet child care needs and nurture the development of a child in every aspect. Our class sizes will never exceed more than 22 students with a staff child ration of 1-11. Supervision will be maintained during all hours of operation by SST Pre-K Teacher and Instructional Assistant, including indoor and outdoor time.
SST Pre-K School hours are 7:45 am – 3:00 pm, except on early release days when students get out at 12:35 pm.
SST Pre-K students WORK hard at playing!
If the definition of work is the feeling of sustained physical or mental effort to overcome obstacles and achieve a result is what we call work, then play is the work of children. The teachers at SST use an integrated and play based curriculum in order to design thoughtful instruction in play to help kids learn to negotiate, problem solve, build empathy, and develop a growth mindset. Research has shown social emotional skills to be a better predictor of long term success than academic skills.
SST Pre-K will be using an integrated and play based curriculum that is based on the Texas Pre-Kindergarten Guidelines and the Kindergarten Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS). Click here for a detailed version of the complete Texas Pre-Kindergarten Guidelines.
SST Pre-Kindergarten Assessment
An Educational Commissioner approved monitoring system will be used for Pre-K assessment and is aligned with the Pre-Kindergarten Curriculum Guidelines. Students are assessed on the following content areas: Social & Emotional, Language, Literacy, Communication, and Mathematics.
SST Eligibility Requirements for Pre-Kindergarten
In order to be eligible for the Pre-Kindergarten Program, state law (Texas Education Code §29.153) requires that children must be 4 years old on or before September 1st and (one of the following):
- Unable to speak or comprehend the English language (speak another language other than English) OR
- Educationally disadvantaged (eligible to participate in the National School Lunch Program) OR
- Homeless OR
- The child of an active duty member of the armed forces of the United States, including the state military forces or a reserved component of the armed forces, who is ordered to active duty by proper authority OR
- The child of a member of the armed forces of the United States, including the state military forces or a reserved component of the armed forces, who was injured or killed while serving on active duty OR
- Have been in the conservatorship (foster care) of the Department of Family and Protective Services (DFPS) (foster care) following an adversary hearing. OR
- Be the child of a person eligible for the Star of Texas Awards as: a peace officer under Section 3106.002, Government Code; a firefighter under Section 3106.003, Government Code; or an emergency medical first responder under Section 3106.004, Government Code.
SST Pre-K Attendance Policy
The preschool years can be the most productive learning years in a child's life. The long term effects of early education on a child's social and emotional development may be the most important outcome of a high-quality preschool education. Good attendance leads to better grades, fewer discipline problems, and an increased chance the child will graduate high school and likely attend college.
Tips for Good Attendance:
- Make a commitment to have your child attend SST Pre-K every day on time. School hours are 7:45 am – 3:00 pm, except on early release days when students get out at 12:35 pm.
- If your child is reluctant to come to school, be sure to communicate this to the teacher. Together, you can make plans to address the concerns of your child.
- Make sure your child has a daily predictable routine, including a routine for bedtime and waking up in the morning.
- Be sure to allow enough time for the routines so that you and your child do not feel rushed.
- Have your child get a good night's rest to make sure he/she has enough energy to participate in classroom activities.
- When talking with your child, be positive about pre-k and the school staff. Cultivate your child's interest in discovering new things and his or her love of learning
- Remember, by bringing your child to preschool every day, you are helping to ensure that he or she will live up to their full potential and become a successful lifelong learner.


Aspasia Manos
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Aspasia Manos
Princess Alexander of Greece and Denmark
Aspasia Manos.jpg
Spouse Alexander of Greece
Issue Alexandra, Queen of Yugoslavia
Father Petros Manos
Mother Maria Argyropoulos
Born (1896-09-04)4 September 1896
Tatoi, Athens, Greece
Died 7 August 1972(1972-08-07) (aged 75)
Ospedale Al Mare,
Lido di Venezia, Italy
Burial Royal Cemetery, Tatoi Palace, Greece
Religion Greek Orthodox
Aspasia Manos (Greek: Ασπασία Μάνου) (4 September 1896 – 7 August 1972), was a Greek commoner who became the wife of Alexander, King of the Hellenes. Due to the controversy over her marriage, she was styled Madame Manos rather than Queen Aspasia, until recognized as Princess Alexander of Greece and Denmark after Alexander's death and the restoration of King Constantine I.
Aspasia was born in Athens, the daughter of Colonel Petros Manos (1871–1918) and his first wife,[1] Maria Argyropoulos (1874–1930). The Manos family descended, in part, from Phanariote Greeks living in Constantinople. Some of her ancestors had been leaders during the Greek War of Independence, some had been Hellenic leaders in Constantinople for centuries under the Ottoman Empire, and some had even been reigning princes of Danubian provinces. She belonged to one of Greece's most aristocratic families, and was considered a suitable consort for a Greek king by some, but not by those who expected royalty to marry only royalty.
On 4 November 1919,[2] at Tatoi, Aspasia Manos married King Alexander in a secret, civil wedding.[3] Their marriage caused a scandal, and the couple was forced to temporarily flee to Paris. She never took the title of Queen, being known as Madame Manos by those aware of the marriage.[4] Alexander lived less than a year after the wedding. His father, King Constantine I, was restored to the Greek throne a month after Alexander's death and returned from exile. His government officially treated the brief reign of his late son as a regency, which meant that Alexander's marriage, contracted without his father's or the head of Orthodox Church's permission, was technically illegal, the marriage void, and the couple's posthumous child illegitimate.
At the behest of Alexander's mother, Queen Sophia, a law was passed in July 1922 which allowed the King to retroactively recognize marriages of members of the Royal Family, although on a non-dynastic basis.[4] Thereupon King Constantine issued a decree, gazetted 10 September 1922, recognizing the marriage of Alexander to Aspasia. Henceforth, she and her daughter were accorded the title "Princess of Greece and Denmark" and the style of Royal Highness.[5] This title was customarily borne by non-reigning members of the Greek royal family, who also happened to be members of a cadet branch of the reigning dynasty of Denmark.
Aspasia Manos' tomb at Tatoi
Aspasia and Alexander were the parents of only one child, Princess Alexandra, born five months after Alexander's death at Tatoi (her father having died of sepsis following a monkey bite). Alexandra would later marry Peter II, King of Yugoslavia.
Aspasia Manos and her daughter were the only members of the Glücksburg dynasty, the Greek royal house, to be of Greek descent. Like most European royal families by the 20th century, the Glücksburgs' ancestry was exclusively German.
Due to the combination of her daughter and son-in-law's health problems, financially straitened circumstances and troubled marriage, Aspasia acted as guardian to her grandson Alexander, Crown Prince of Yugoslavia (born 1945).[6] She raised him mostly in England. Just a month before her death, Alexander married a Royal Franco-Brazilian, Princess Maria da Gloria of Orléans-Braganza.
She died in Venice on 7 August 1972,[5] and was initially interred at the cemetery of San Michele island near Venice. Her remains were later transferred to the Royal Cemetery Plot in the park of Tatoi near Dekeleia (23 km north of Athens.)
Her living descendants include her only grandson Alexander, Crown Prince of Yugoslavia, and her three great-grandsons Prince Peter of Yugoslavia, Prince Philip of Yugoslavia and Prince Alexander of Yugoslavia.
 1. ^ Manos family
 2. ^ 17 November in the New Style Gregorian calendar
 3. ^ Hueck, Walter von, ed. (1987). Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels Fürstliche Häuser Band XIII (in German). Limburg an der Lahn: C. A. Starke. p. 33.
 4. ^ a b Diesbach, Ghislain de (1967). Secrets of the Gotha. translated from the French by Margaret Crosland. London: Chapman & Hall. p. 225.
 5. ^ a b Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh, ed. (1973). Burke's Guide to the Royal Family 1. London: Burke's Peerage. p. 327. ISBN 0-220-66222-3.
 6. ^ Diesbach, Ghislain de (1967). Secrets of the Gotha. translated from the French by Margaret Crosland. London: Chapman & Hall. p. 337.
Preceded by
Sophia of Prussia
Consort of the King of the Hellenes
4 November 1919 – 25 October 1920
Succeeded by
Sophia of Prussia


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I really enjoy threads that get into the details of such small details, which in reality, can have a huge impact on your SEO efforts. The topic is which anchor text counts, the first found on the page, all found on the page or some found on the page. We covered the topic twice in the past:
- Does The First Anchor Text Link Only Count in Google?
- SEO Debate Over 1st Anchor Text is What Matters to Google
In short, if you have two identical links found on the same page. The first link uses anchor text A and the second link uses anchor text B, some are of the opinion that only the first link's anchor text (anchor text A) will be used by Google.
Branko, aka the SEO Scientist (who I have great respect for), rebunked the topic, claiming that based on his tests, Google does in fact only use the first anchor text for that link on a page.
His study can be summarized by these illustrations. In short he tested placing a pair of anchor text pointing to the same URL, but using different anchor text, on the same page. An by flipping the position of the anchor texts, it also flipped how Google ranked that page that was being linked to. Here are those illustrations:
So, is this rebunked? :) How about Branko's nofollow theory. I.e slapping on the nofollow seems to have no effect on the above. Is that a time thing as Michael VanDeMar said or not?
Forum discussion at Sphinn.


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BUMC Proceedings, 2012, Vol 25, No. 3
Adil Abdalla, DVM, MS, Mark Gunst, MD, Vafa Ghaemmaghami, MD, Amy C. Gruszecki, DO, Jill Urban, MD,
Robert C. Barber, PhD, Larry M. Gentilello, MD, and Shahid Shafi, MD, MPH
"This study applied a geographic information system (GIS) to identify clusters of injury-related deaths (IRDs) within a large urban county (26 cities; population, 2.4 million). All deaths due to injuries in Dallas County (Texas) in 2005 (N = 670) were studied, including the geographic location of the injury event. Out of 26 cities in Dallas County, IRDs were reported in 19 cities. Geospatial data were obtained from the local governments and entered into the GIS.
"Standardized mortality ratios (SMR, with 95% CI) were calculated for each city and the county using national age-adjusted rates. Dallas County had significantly more deaths due to homicides (SMR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.54–1.98) and IRDs as a result of gunshots (SMR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.09–1.37) than the US national rate. However, this increase was restricted to a single city (the city of Dallas) within the county, while the rest of the 25 cities in the county experienced IRD rates that were either similar to or better than the national rate, or experienced no IRDs. GIS mapping was able to depict high-risk geographic "hot spots" for IRDs. In conclusion, GIS spatial analysis identified geographic clusters of IRDs, which were restricted to only one of 26 cities in the county."
- Read the paper [PDF]


You are here: Homepage / Products / Super Fine Screen Cleaners / Velvet Roller
Brochure & Data Sheets
Velvet Roller
Product Code: VVR 200
Seed Conditioning And Processing Global Solution Sorrel separators are designed to separate the sorrel seed from the seed of trefoil plants (clover, lucerne). The separator removes also seeds from other weeds unless their surface is smooth and shrunk unripe seeds or seeds fragments.
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The machine is used for seed corns grading as a part of a cleaning line or as a sole machine.
The cleaning unit is formed by twin cylinders covered with velvet.
The "roll mill", "Velvet roll mill", or "velvet roll separator, is widely used in seed processing. It is most commonly called the "dodder mill" because it was originally designed to remove dodder from clover and alfalfa. Roll mills are finishing machines and should only be used on seed that have already been processed on an air-screen cleaner and/or other machines. They are used to clean smooth seed such as clovers alfalfa and bean that are contaminated with: (1) seeds that have a rough seed coat such as dodder; (2) seeds that are irregular in shape or have sharp angles such as dock; (3) immature seeds that are wrinkled or shriveled; (4) broken, chipped or damaged seed that have irregular surfaces; and (5) rough arid irregularly shaped inert material. Examples of some separations made on the roll mill are:
Crop Seed Contaminant Removed by Roll Mill
Crimson Clover Cut leaf Cranesbill,
Alsike Clover Timothy
Whole Seed Broken Seed
Beans Dirt Clods
Vetch Wild Winter Peas
Hulled Lespedeza Un-hulled Lespedeza
Clovers Sorrel, Peppergrass, Foxtail Catchfly, Mustard, Cockle, Wild Carrot


Webcast Recap
The approaching centennial of the Boundary Waters Treaty provides a unique opportunity to examine a range of experiments in environmental governance that span the U.S.-Canadian border. While much has been written about the institutional framework that emerged since the treaty was signed in 1909, there is still a need for serious discussion of the effectiveness of existing governance arrangements and reflection on their adequacy for addressing future U.S.-Canadian environmental challenges.
On May 8 and 9, the Canada Institute hosted a conference to provide participants with a better understanding not only of the varied institutional arrangements for cross-border governance but also provide some sense of whether their impacts are substantive or largely symbolic. The discussion provided analyses of the International Joint Commission's (IJC) initiatives, as well as other environmental governance mechanisms that focus on particular bioregions or sub-national jurisdictions. Panelists also addressed areas where Canada and the United States share serious environmental concerns, but currently lack an effective bilateral governance system to manage these challenges.
Assessing the Role and Relevance of the International Joint Commission
"In terms of both function and form, the IJC remains quite remarkable," noted Stephen Brooks of the University of Windsor. Through the Boundary Waters Treaty, the IJC was granted a broad scope of powers by the United States and Canadian governments to jointly manage trans-boundary water resources. Among the IJC's powers, said Brooks, is the authority to investigate and offer recommendations on a variety of environmental issues ranging from dam approval or other obstructions that affect the natural flow of water on either side of the border, as well as the responsibility to study and report any question regarding rights, obligations, or interests along the common frontier. In addition to its powers, the IJC's form has allowed the institution to maintain its importance and credibility. Brooks explained that the IJC is structured in a manner that allows for equal representation from each country, requires binational consensus in its decision making, and acts independently of the Canadian and U.S. governments.
Nevertheless, said Brooks, the changing nature of environmental issues and tremendous proliferation of institutions charged with managing environmental affairs since the establishment of the IJC has led some to question the institution's relevance. One emerging trans-boundary issue facing the IJC is coping with growing water scarcity in the Prairie region. Timothy Heinmiller of Brock University noted that many trans-boundary Prairie rivers have reached the point of full allocation (meaning they cannot sustain further use for agricultural irrigation or other purposes). This situation, argued Heinmiller, could lead to water shortages and environmental degradation, particularly when factoring in the effects of climate change.
According to Brooks, the IJC can perform a necessary role in managing water scarcity and other future trans-boundary issues. He cautioned, however, that an examination of IJC cases revealed that the Institution can only be expected to have a limited impact in situations where bilateral national interests diverge substantially. In these cases, argued Brooks, the IJC's influence on trans-boundary governance ultimately depends on the Canadian and U.S. governments' willingness to use the IJC as a venue for binding decisions. Mark Sproule-Jones of McMaster University added that without the development of a coherent methodology or framework for evaluating environmental governance, it will remain impossible to predict or assess how effective current institutions will be in addressing emerging environmental issues.
Looking Beyond the IJC
Effective freshwater governance may rest on answering a few key questions, argued Carolyn Johns of Ryerson University. Among those questions are how to find the right mix of hard (legislative) and soft (non-binding, voluntary agreements) law that would allow for the most effective governance of shared water resources. In addition, said Johns, policymakers should consider whether national or subnational actors would be more appropriate in managing water resources, as well as whether current institutions charged with transboundary governance are prepared to handle the environmental challenges of the next century.
Insights into how to meet these challenges were offered by several panelists. Johns maintained that dealing with the environmental challenges of the next century will not require additional institutions to address; rather, it will depend on making existing institutions more effective and capable of adapting to modern challenges. She also argued that subnational institutions have proven instrumental in overseeing the implementation of policies aimed at managing shared water resources, and should be utilized in any future strategy to address freshwater pollution and quality issues.
Marc Gaden of the Great Lakes Fishery Commission offered his perspective on whether hard or soft law was more effective in managing Great Lakes fisheries. Gaden noted that the primary management of the fisheries occurs at the subnational level in both Canada and the United States. According to Gaden, policymakers on both sides of the border have preferred negotiating non-binding agreements over enforceable agreements. One of the reasons behind this is the fact that negotiating parties on both sides of the border are often hesitant to agree to a binding agreement that would ultimately require sacrificing sovereignty and independence. In addition, the management of Great Lakes fisheries requires flexibility and the opportunity for ongoing consensus building between negotiating parties that non-binding agreements permit. The opportunity to build consensus has proven to be essential in establishing a shared vision of fisheries management in the Great Lakes and offers a potentially important lesson that could be applied in other areas of transboundary environmental governance, he said.
Understanding how to effectively manage transboundary water resources also requires knowledge of how environmental policies are created and changed in the United States and Canada, argued William Lowry of Washington University. He outlined several factors that explain why policy change occurs differently in Canada and the United States. For instance, interest groups, the media, and government agencies play more prominent roles as agents of change in the United States than in Canada. Consequently, significant change in the area of environmental policy is more likely to occur in the United States, he said. Nevertheless, there are factors that can lead to a convergence of environmental policies in both countries including the cross-national fertilization of ideas that can be facilitated through institutions like the IJC, scholarly exchanges, and frequent meetings between Canadian and U.S. officials at both the national and subnational levels of government.
Subnational Actors as Agents of Change
We are witnessing the increasingly decentralized relationship of Canada-U.S. environmental collaboration, said Debora VanNijnatten of Wilfrid Laurier University. VanNijnatten remarked that there has been a "groundswell of activity" at the subnational levels of government in an effort to coordinate environmental efforts over the past decade. The result has been the emergence of Environmental Cross-Border Regions (ECBR) in the Pacific Northwest, the Great Lakes Heartland, as well as the region encompassing the New England, Eastern Canadian provinces, and Quebec. VanNijnatten argued that environmental goal convergence among ECBRs offers compelling evidence that they do have a meaningful policy impact on transboundary environmental governance. She cited the Northeast region as particularly active in working collaboratively to address mercury reduction, air quality, and water issues. Nevertheless, VanNijnatten maintained that certain environmental issues, most notably climate change, will require action beyond regional initiatives to be effective.
The emergence of ECBRs has given rise to a discussion on how specific regions can most effectively manage shared resources. According to Donald Alper of Western Washington University, the Skagit River Treaty represents an important case study that offers valuable lessons in transboundary governance. Alper maintained that the treaty's success is attributable to the fact that it went beyond solving the original dispute over the State of Washington's plans to construct Ross Dam, which would have flooded areas of neighboring British Columbia. The treaty not only terminated plans to construct the dam but outlined the conditions for the joint management and funding of projects along Skagit River in Washington and British Columbia. Alper said that since the Ross Dam dispute, there has been little conflict over the management of the Skagit River, which reinforces the notion that policymakers "could learn something from this particular issue."
Despite some success in the realm of transboundary environmental governance, subnational actors still face questions of legitimacy in the absence of federal and private sector representation. The province of Quebec, on the other hand, has had considerable success in building regional cooperation in managing the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River, argued Philippe LePrestre of Université Laval. LePrestre said that Quebec's motivation for engaging subnational actors in managing the St. Lawrence River was spurred not only by economic factors, but also because the river is closely tied with Quebec's national identity. According to LePrestre, these two factors represent the most convincing explanation as to why Quebec has aggressively pursued and successfully signed water treaties with all of its state and provincial neighbors, the most recent being the 2005 Great Lakes-St. Lawrence River Basin Sustainable Water Resources Agreement.
A Closer Look at Energy, Climate Change, and Trans-Boundary Governance
Ten years ago a discussion on climate change and subnational cross-border governance would not have taken place, noted Barry Rabe of the University of Michigan. A decade earlier, issues pertaining to climate change were negotiated primarily at the federal level as illustrated most prominently by the Kyoto Accord. Though Canada choose to ratify Kyoto in spite of the United States' refusal to sign the accord, both countries' federal governments have failed to implement effective policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, noted Rabe. Consequently, subnational actors have been forced to take the lead in addressing climate change in both Canada and the United States, and have done so in part through the formation of regional agreements such as the Western Climate Initiative and the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative.
Rabe maintained that U.S. states have enjoyed more success than Canadian provinces in reducing greenhouse gases despite the fact that Canadian provinces possess "enormous latitude in the environmental realm" to address air quality issues. However, Rabe echoed other panelists in stating that successfully addressing climate change will require more effective leadership at the federal level in both Canada and the United States. While there are merits to creating a bilateral solution


text:
When the area around the other party is noisy and it is difficult to hear, you can reduce the surrounding noise to make the speaker's voice easier to hear just by pressing the dedicated button.
Power Back Up Operation
You Can Even Use The Phone During A Power Failure
During an electric power failure, you can supply the power stored in your handset to the base unit, so you can make calls for a certain period of time even when the power is out.
Smart Function Key
Easy Access To Necessary Functions
The Smart Function Key flashes according to the situation. By pressing this key while it is flashing, you can play an answering machine message, or respond to a call.
With the NR Key You Can Easily:
- View the Caller List when there are Missed Calls
- Answer the Call on the Speakerphone
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Key Finder Compatible
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Simply attach the Key Finder to items that you often misplace, and use the handset to find them quickly and easily. You can see roughly how close you are to your lost item on the LCD screen, and both the handset and Key Finder beep when being searched for, making them easy to find. You can add up to four Key Finders (sold separately).
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You can block annoying calls from unwanted numbers. Numbers on your call block list will be blocked (the unit emits no sound to the caller, and disconnects the call) if they call you.
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Centrally Controlled Phonebook
The phonebook can be automatically shared between handsets without having to copy it, so you can use it in the kitchen, the living room, etc. Any handset registered to the base unit can use the shared phonebook.


text:
They also address important issues of methodology and present a critical discussion of the concept of culture and the academic specialisation of knowledge anthropology and psychoanalysis will be invaluable reading to all anthropologists and psychoanalysts. Deluz heald anthropology and psychoanalysis 1994 buch 978 0 415 09742 0 bcher schnell und portofrei. Get this from a library anthropology and psychoanalysis an encounter through culture suzette heald ariane deluz this book examines the interface between these two disciplines locating its historical context and investigating the distinctive reactions of british french and american anthropology to the role of. Anthropology and psychoanalysis an encounter through culture deluz ariane heald suzette on amazoncomau free shipping on eligible orders anthropology and psychoanalysis an encounter through culture. In particular they deal with the distinctive reactions of british french and american anthropology to psychoanalysis and the way in which the present fracturing of each of these national traditions and their post modern turn has led to a new willingness to investigate the relationships between the disciplines and the role of the unconscious in cultural life
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Topic review (newest first)
- 2005-12-21 21:25:37
Or it would be a straight line.
- 2005-12-21 21:24:35
True. I forgot about that bit. Yes, two sides of a triangle must always be greater than the other side, because otherwise they wouldn't be able to reach its two ends.
- John E. Franklin
- 2005-12-21 15:03:21
in mathsyperson's generalization, variable b must be closer to 1 than the golden ratio or its reciprocal, 1.618 and.618
So it appears. if b > 1, then a + ab > ab².
If b < 1, then a < ab + ab²
- 2005-12-16 03:41:13
It looks good to me. You've just scaled up by √2, so all the angles would be the same, and two sides match as well.
The general solution would be the first triangle having sides of a, ab and ab² and the second having sides of ab, ab² and ab³ (a>0, b ≠0 or 1).
In ganesh's example, a = 1 and b = √2.
- 2005-12-15 15:10:19
In ΔABC, AB=1, BC=√2, AC=2.
In ΔDEF, DE=√2, EF=2, DF=2√2.
Since ΔABC and ΔDEF are similar, the three angles are equal.
And they have two sides equal.
Isn't this a solution?
- 2005-12-15 10:56:20
There is a 5 con triangle... there are things written about it, i just cant find the exact dimensions. The only thing i know about it is that there is only one, and it has some exception to the rule.
A 4 con triangle is very very possible... even in 30/60/90's... just try it.
The thing about the triangle is that the equal sides/angles dont have to be corressponding, which is why the SAS AAS etc will not prove it to be congruent...
- 2005-12-15 03:46:17
The easiest way to prove that none exist is to refer to the AAS rule. That is, if two triangles have 2 similar angles and one similar side, they are congruent.
A 5-con triangle would be a non-congruent triangle with 5 similar properties. For this to happen, it would need at least 2 similar angles and 2 similar sides, and this satisfies the AAS rule, so it would have to be congruent and so be a 6-con triangle.
In fact, I don't think you can even have 4-con triangles.
- 2005-12-14 18:20:55
Thats right! I realized the mistake after I posted and logged out.
In fact, a 30-60-90 degree may well be ruled out, as the sides would have to be in the ratio 1:√3:2.
I shall think about it and post, as of now, I ain't sure a solution exists!
- 2005-12-14 15:42:34
a 3 4 5 right triangle is not a 30 60 90 triangle, so it would not work for that...
- 2005-12-14 15:25:53
I guess a right angled triangle with angles 30, 60 and 90 degrees would be ideal to start with. Let the sides be 3, 4 and 5 units for the first traingle. The sides of the second triangle would then be 4, 5 and √(41).
- 2005-12-14 14:00:35
Im looking for the angles/sides of a 5-con triangles
What 5-Con triangles are, are any two triangles who have 5 (not necessarily corresponding) sides and angles equal.
Triangles obviously have 3 angles and 3 sides, so 5 of the 6 must be equal.
I know the 3 angles must be the same and 2 sides equal, because if all 3 sides are equal lengths, all 3 angles must be also.
So pretty much i need to find 2 triangles, who have all three angles equal, but only 2 sides equal. Any ideas?
(Ive been working with 30/60/90 triangles but cant seem to come up with it)


Why does yooz leak liquid?
Why does yooz grapefruit leak liquid? Many users of yooz grapefruit have long been troubled by the problem of Vape leakage, so why does yooz grapefruit leak liquid? To understand this, we must first figure out the cause of yooz pomelo leakage.
 1. Why does yooz grapefruit leak liquid?
In fact, liquid leakage from electronic atomization is a relatively common phenomenon, and the mainstream electronic atomization products currently on the market basically have such problems. It can be said that if you choose electronic atomization, you must accept and understand such a phenomenon. This is not a question of which agency or brand. It is a common industry problem, and yooz vape pod system grapefruit is no exception.
In fact, in many cases, the liquid leaks when the manufacturer sends it to the distributors, and the distributors are helpless. Under normal circumstances, slight liquid leakage in the cartridge is a normal phenomenon, as long as you open the package and wipe it clean and install it, it will not affect normal use.
 1. Is it condensate or leaking liquid?
Another situation is that condensate will appear during the operation of the atomizer, which is mistaken for leaking by the user. Therefore, we must first learn to distinguish the difference between condensate and smoke liquid.
How is the condensate produced? Generally speaking, the smoke liquid is not inhaled after being atomized. The PG (alcohol fusion agent) in the smoke liquid is condensed in the air to form a liquid containing a small amount of smoke liquid. Inhalation will eventually taste sweet and irritating. Let everyone mistake it for leaking liquid. The color of the condensed night is dark brown, and the liquid leaked by the smoke bomb is mainly light yellow, which is still very different.
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Definitions for eccentricityˌɛk sənˈtrɪs ɪ ti, ˌɛk sɛnThis page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word eccentricity
Princeton's WordNet
 1. eccentricity(noun)
 strange and unconventional behavior
 2. eccentricity(noun)
 (geometry) a ratio describing the shape of a conic section; the ratio of the distance between the foci to the length of the major axis
 "a circle is an ellipse with zero eccentricity"
 3. eccentricity(noun)
 a circularity that has a different center or deviates from a circular path
 1. eccentricity(Noun)
 The quality of being eccentric; any eccentric behaviour.
 2. eccentricity(Noun)
 The ratio, constant for any particular conic section, of the distance of a point from the focus to its distance from the directrix
Webster Dictionary
 1. Eccentricity(noun)
 the state of being eccentric; deviation from the customary line of conduct; oddity
 2. Eccentricity(noun)
 the ratio of the distance between the center and the focus of an ellipse or hyperbola to its semi-transverse axis
 3. Eccentricity(noun)
 the ratio of the distance of the center of the orbit of a heavenly body from the center of the body round which it revolves to the semi-transverse axis of the orbit
 4. Eccentricity(noun)
 the distance of the center of figure of a body, as of an eccentric, from an axis about which it turns; the throw
 5. Origin: [Cf. F. excentricit.]
 1. Eccentricity
Translations for eccentricity
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Aug 1, 2009
20 Incredible Pictures Of Rice Terraces From Above featured" />
Upon seeing these stunning images of rice terraces in Southeast Asia and China, one could think that rice is actually only the byproduct of a bigger project: landscape art. The technique of rice farming and the work today is done pretty much the way it was millennia ago – one reason why most of the amazing rice terraces are still intact.
The rice terraces in Banaue, a mountain village in the central Cordilleras in the north of Luzon Island, are located about 330 km north of Manila. Their construction was started more than 2,000 years ago by the local communities, ancestors of the Batad indigenous people, and with only primitive tools.
Banaue's rice terraces are 1,500 meters (5,000 ft) above sea level and cover more than 10,000 square kilometers (4,000 square miles) of mountainside. It is said that if the plots were laid out next to each other, they would cover a distance of about 25,000 km (10,000 ft) – in comparison, the Great Wall of China is "only" 6,000 km (2,800 ft) long! No wonder then that Banaue's rice terraces are frequently referred to as the "Eighth Wonder of the World."
1. Window to the "Eighth Wonder of the World," the rice terraces in Banaue:
Image: Romeo Remalante
The ancient irrigation system is fed by the rainforests above the terraces through an intricate combination of collecting the water of mountain springs and transporting it via bamboo pipes, dams and sluices to the upper rice terraces, from where it flows through selected openings to lower paddies.
The whole of the rice terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985, just to put them on the Red List of World Heritage Sites in Danger in 2001. Almost 30% of the terraces are not managed any more and are therefore threatened by decay.
2. Rows and rows of intricately carved rice terraces in Banaue, Philippines:
Image: Terre Sans Frontiere
Rice farming is also backbreaking work, as most of the narrow paddies can only be farmed by hand, like they were millennia ago. No wonder then that the younger generation is more drawn to jobs in the hospitality industry, or moves away to Manila to make their fortune there. Pollution and an increasing number of tourists visiting the site are gnawing further on the famous "Stairways to the Sky."
3. A village nestled in the rice terraces in Batad, 12 km away from Banaue:
4. The rice terraces in Batad look pretty and dramatic on a gloomy day:
5. Rice terraces in Banaue (right) and the Dragon Backbones in China:
Edited: Literary Bridge and Huangshan Tour
What has saved the rice terraces built by the Hani people in China's Yuangyang County so far is their relative remoteness. They are located in Yunnan province in southwest China, a region not easily accessible and therefore not exploited for tourism but rich in natural beauty and untouched scenery. The spectacular rice terraces drop from almost the summits of the nearby, 2,500-m-tall Ailao Mountains to the bed of the Red River.
6. The rice terraces in Yuangyang, China, look like an artwork:
The rice farmers who built the terraces almost by hand more than 1,000 years ago had to know about ecology and land preservation long before those concepts had names. Otherwise, without the hard work of maintaining the terrace walls as well as the ancient irrigation system, the precious top soil would have washed down the hillsides into the rivers.
Even today, the Yuangyang rice terraces are a self-sustaining eco system, perfectly in sync with nature like it was a thousand years ago. Just like the Banaue rice terraces, the Yuangyang rice terraces are irrigated with spring water from the rainforest above. The water then evaporates from the rice terraces and forms clouds whose rain water is collected and trapped by the rainforest, from where it is used for the irrigation of the rice fields again.
7. The clouds burst open over the rice terraces:
Image: Magic China
There is only one harvest per year but the landscape changes throughout with the many flooded paddies creating reflecting pools that are a photographer's delight. In fact, the Yuangyang rice terraces remind one more of a painting than a real landscape.
8. Stained glass or impressionist painting?
Image via Skyscrapercity
The Dragons Backbone rice terraces in Longji, about 80 km north of Guilin or 27 km southeast of Longsheng County, in comparison, have been well-documented and attract a steady stream of visitors every day. Each terrace has been carved out of the mountainside during the Yuan and Qing Dynasties from the late 1200s to the early 1600s.
9. Rice terraces in Longsheng, perfectly in sync not only with nature:
Image: Ian and Wendy
The terraces cover an area of 66 square km (about 16,308 acres) and span an altitude from 300 m (984 ft) to 1,100 m (3,608 ft). They are still being farmed today.
10. Flooded rice terrace fields in Douyishu on the way to Yuangyang:
11. A house's reflection in flooded rice paddies in Yangshuo County in southeast China:
Image: China Discover
Not a rice terrace, but definitely rice art:
Image: Beautiful Feet Toronto
Ubud, with a population of only 8,000, is a small town in the southeast of the Indonesian island of Bali. Because of its scenic rice terraces and steep ravines, Ubud has become a popular tourist destination and major arts and cultural hub.
12. A building's reflection in the rice fields of Ubud, Bali:
Image: Brian Michelsen
13. Rice terraces with palm trees in Ubud:
Image: Sam Sherratt
14. Flooded rice fields glinting in the sun in Pupuan, Bali:
Image: Tropical Island
15. On the way to Amed in Bali – rice terraces everywhere:
Image: Julia Gross
Nepal, Thailand and Vietnam
16. A stunning view of rice terraces near the Annapurna Base Camp in Nepal:
17. Lush green rice terraces in Mae Rim, Thailand:
Sapa in the northwest of Vietnam, near the Chinese border, is about 380 km away from Hanoi. It is a popular trekking destination because of the spectacular scenery of the Tonkinese Alps, home of the Montagnard hill tribes for centuries.
18. Browns, greens and symmetry in Sapa, Vietnam:
Image: Paolo Bosonin
19. Like a stairway to the sky, a rice terrace in Sapa:
Image: Maurice Koop
20. View of the Muong Hoa river and valley from Tavan, a 13-km hike from Sapa:
Source: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5


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At the core of the CEUKF is the concept of Sustainable Efficient Production. This implies production of food and other agricultural products which at the same time meets both the needs for quantitative and qualitative supply, whilst minimising negative impacts on the environment and on the availability of resources.
Our aim is to promote and highlight research and knowledge on improving sustainability whilst increasing output in farming and food production.
We believe one key target should be the development of accessible, easy-to-use tools and indicators to allow farmers and food supply chains to adopt optimum practices and benchmark their achievements. To this end we are developing a Sustainable Efficient Production index, SEPi


text:
The quest for higher performance in computationally intensive tasks is and will always be an ongoing effort. General purpose processors (GPP) have not been sufficient for many of these tasks which has led to research focused towards computing on specialty processors and graphics processing units (GPU). While GPU provide sufficient speedups for some tasks, other specialty processors may be better suited, more economical, or more efficient for different types of tasks. Sorting is an important task in many applications and can be computationally intensive when dealing with large data sets. One such specialty processor that has proven to be a viable solution for sorting is the Cell Broadband Engine (CBE). The CBE is being used as the main platform for this thesis since there are already applications for it that require sorting software. The Cell processor is a general purpose processor that combines one master PowerPC core with eight other vector processors connected via a high bandwidth interconnect bus. The user must explicitly manage the communication, scheduling, and load-balancing between the vector processors and the PowerPC processor to achieve the highest efficiency. By optimizing the sorting algorithms for the vector processors, large speedups can be achieved because multiple operations occur simultaneously. Optimized sorting software is often sought when sorting is not the main purpose of the application. This keeps overheads low so that the performance gains can be realized from the actual code that is to be optimized on specialty processors. Often having sorted datasets enable algorithms to run faster and are more predictably. The motivation behind this thesis is that there is currently no standard library of sorting algorithms that have been optimized for the CBE. Lack of standard libraries makes writing code for the CBE difficult. Results from previous works have also not been sufficient in providing specific measurements of sorting performance. This thesis will explore the development and analysis of a variety of optimized parallel sorting algorithms written for the Cell processor. This thesis will focus on the sorting of both individual elements within vectors as well as sorting entire vectors within arrays. The sorting algorithms, written in C++, that will be optimized and analyzed include, but are not limited to bitonic sort, heap sort, merge sort, and quick sort. A communication management framework will also be created as a main focus of this thesis in order to better understand the architecture of the processor.
Library of Congress Subject Headings
Information storage and retrieval systems--Data processing; Classification--Data processing; Computer algorithms; Computer network architectures
Offermann, Eric J., "Optimizing sorting algorithms for the Cell Broadband Engine" (2010). Thesis. Rochester Institute of Technology. Accessed from
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Aeta people: the wandering men of the philippines
Aeta People: The wandering men of the Philippines
I am born and raised in Pampanga, Philippines until I was 16 years old and migrated here in Canada. The Philippines has three main island regions; Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. Luzon being at the northern part, the Visayas at the center and Mindanao at the southern part. Both of my parents are from the Visayas region but moved to Pampanga in their late teens. My mother has a Chinese and Spanish lineage while my father is of Spanish descent. Pampanga is part of the Central Luzon region that has its own dialect similar to its neighboring provinces. This paper is about the Indigenous group Aetas or Aeta People that populate some parts of the Northern Luzon but mostly the provinces of Central Luzon which includes, Aurora, Bataan, Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Tarlac, and Zambales. Aside from the fact that Aeta People occupies Pampanga, the reason why I chose to do my paper about them is because I saw firsthand how Aeta people were mistreated and discriminated by non-Aetas. Upon doing this paper, I hope to gain more knowledge about their history and the present struggles of the Aeta People in the country where they are the first inhabitants.
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I have learned about Aeta People through my parents at a young age. Aetas in my region were commonly called 'Negritos' and 'Negritas' due to their dark complexion and afro-hair. My parents warned me about the use of that word because some Aetas are not keen with being called names other than Aeta. I grew up hearing the phrase, "basta kulot, salot" which translate to "curly-haired people are pests" which I thought was a stupid and useless insult. Why would they care about someone else's hair texture? Then it dawned on me that this phrase specifically targets the Aeta People who have tight curls, like an afro hair. My knowledge about them continues to progress when I was in elementary school. My history class for the first five years was heavily focused on teaching the different prominent Indigenous groups in my country. They taught us their origin, religions, culture, and traditions. The curriculum, however, did not include how Indigenous People in the Philippines are heavily discriminated and marginalized.
Other essay: Disaster management satellite image
I can still vividly remember my first encounter with an Aeta People, it was with an Aeta mother and her children with one infant wrapped onto her back with a blanket. They were all barefooted. I saw them on the streets begging for money and food. I saw them carrying plastic bags with recycled cans and plastics that can be sold to a "junk shop" for some quarters. My older relatives told me that Aetas live in the mountains and only comes down to the mainland to beg for money and food. My second encounter with Aeta people was on a field trip to a zoo and a butterfly sanctuary that was located at the foot of Mount Arayat Pampanga. I saw Aeta People begging for money from people passing by, all barefooted. The tour guide of my group told us that we should treat Aetas with respect as they are one of the first people to inhabit the country. As a nine-year-old, I did not have an opinion of my own yet. I was still on the process of gaining as much knowledge and wisdom to cultivate my own opinions and beliefs. During that time, it was, and it still is, especially interesting to me how my older relatives and this tour guide; who probably knows more about the history and the indigenous people in the Philippines, have an opposing opinion towards Aeta People.
As I grow older, I learned that Aeta people did not want to live in the mainland to avoid conflicts with other non-Aetas. I also found that they are passive people who do not like to engage with conflicts that when threatened with invasion or violence, they will flee and run to the deepest part of the mountains. However, this changed on June 15, 1991, when Mount Pinatubo erupted that ultimately threatened their safety and had forced them to live in the urban and rural areas of the Luzon region.
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stricken: Meaning and Definition of
Pronunciation: (strik'un), [key]
— v.
 1. a pp. of
 1. hit or wounded by a weapon, missile, or the like.
 2. beset or afflicted, as with disease, trouble, or sorrow: stricken areas; a stricken family.
 3. deeply affected, as with grief, fear, or other emotions.
 4. characterized by or showing the effects of affliction, trouble, misfortune, a mental blow, etc.: stricken features.
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19,306 Pages
Eraicon-Individuals.png Eraicon-Assassins.png
PL VigilantHQ.png Speak sense, Templar, or not at all!
William, with his son, in the desert
William Miles was a member of the Assassin Order and the father of Desmond Miles.
William lived with his family in a desert community, sometimes taking his son on trips through the barren wasteland surrounding their home. During one such trip, when they were watching an eagle in flight, William warned his son to always be careful of the "vultures", referring to the Templar Order.
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text:
The Gateway is a 'Threshold Learning Experience', therefore the structure of the process is confidential. To embrace the 'not knowing' is key to this process, therefore this course can only be taken once. What we can tell you is that you will experience, learn and cultivate the following techniques:
We create a strong 'container' where you are completely held and supported, leaving you free to dedicate all your energy and focus on directly experiencing your extraordinary six-day journey of Transformation.
Key facets of a Threshold Experience
"Threshold Concepts' may be considered to be "akin to passing through a portal" or "conceptual gateway" that opens up "previously inaccessible way(s) of thinking about something"
- Meyer and Land
Once understood, a threshold experience changes the way a person understands, interprets or views the world.
It is likely to be troublesome for the learner, challenging existing mindsets, behaviours and belief systems.
Given their transformative potential, threshold experiences are also likely to be permanent and irreversible changes, i.e. they are difficult to unlearn.
It brings together different perspectives and awarenesses that previously did not appear to be related or meaningful, into new levels of understanding.
It is an experience of crossing a border between particular levels of cognition or understanding.
It creates a new, enhanced and extended use of language and expression to communicate this new wisdom.
A shift in learner subjectivity occurs, requiring the discarding and reconfiguring of previous conceptual stances.
A transitional or liminal space is traversed, where old systems of belief and mindset are dissolved and new ways of being established.


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Learn about the population of psychiatric patients in the US in this medical report.
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Dr. Susan Sharma: This is Insidermedicinein60 from Italy. According to research in The Lancet Oncology, current criteria for evaluating liver cancer patients for transplantation may unnecessarily disqualify many under current standards those with single liver tumors less than five centimeters or three or fewer tumors, not more than three centimeters receive the highest priority. However, in a study of over 1500 patients, researchers identified a subgroup was similar survival rates with those evaluated under the current criteria who are in the last sent to the back of the line. From California, according to research in the Journal Psychiatric services many Americans suffer from psychiatric disorders, but few receive proper treatment. Researchers found that nearly 5% of the nation's population suffers from persistent depression or anxiety disorders. At a study of over 1600 adults with psychiatric disorder found that only 12% were receiving both medication and counseling and only 22% had even consulted and mental health specialist. Finally from Washington, according to research and consumer reports, high amount of sodium can be found in many processed foods. In a study of 37 products, researchers found that food such as breakfast cereal and bagels often contain high amount of sodium, meanwhile, in low fat foods, sodium is often used to compensate for flavor. It is recommended that healthy adults get no more than 2300 milligrams of sodium per day and those with high blood pressure should aim for 1500 milligrams or less. For Insidermedicinein60, I'm Doctor Susan Sharma.


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How to Plant Seeds From Asiatic Lilies
Asiatic lilies (Lilium asiatic) grow from seeds or bulbs. The seeds, produced after flowering, can take several weeks to germinate It takes seed-grown and up to three years before they bloom, but the resulting plants are usually healthy and productive. Asiatic lilies grow as perennials in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 3 through 10, depending on the variety. The seeds don't retain viability long, so it's best to plant them soon after collecting or purchasing them to ensure the best germination rate.
Fill a 4- to 6-inch-deep pot with a sterile potting soil.
Set the pot in a shallow pan filled with water. Allow the soil in the pot to soak up the moisture from the pan through the bottom drainage hole for about one hour or until the soil surface becomes moist to the touch. Remove the pot from the pan once the soil is adequately moistened.
Sow the seeds about one-fourth inch deep and about two inches apart. Mist the soil surface with water to moisten it after planting.
Cover the pot with a clear plastic bag to conserve the moisture in the soil until the seeds sprout. Set the pot in a location that's 60 to 70 degree Fahrenheit to germinate.
Water the soil only if the surface begins dry before germination. Monitor the pot daily and remove the bag when sprouts emerge. Asiatic lilies typically require three to six weeks to germinate, although they may sprout in as little as 14 days.
Place the pot in a location with six to eight hours of direct sunlight or place it under fluorescent grow lights for 12 to 14 hours daily. Maintain a temperature near 70 degrees. Water the lilies when the soil surface feels dry.
Transplant Asiatic lilies into the garden in late summer or early fall. Keep the soil moist and apply a 2-inch mulch layer to protect the young plants from winter cold.
- You can sow Asiatic lily seed directly in the garden bed in spring, summer or fall, but it may take the seeds up to six months to germinate and they may not all germinate successfully.
- Select a pot with a 2- to 4-inch diameter for a single Asiatic lily seed or one that's wider for multiple seeds. Pots must have a bottom drainage hole and a drip tray.
- Store seeds in a sealed bag in the refrigerator for up to six months if you can't plant them promptly.
Jenny Harrington has been a freelance writer since 2006. Her published articles have appeared in various print and online publications. Previously, she owned her own business, selling handmade items online, wholesale and at crafts fairs. Harrington's specialties include small business information, crafting, decorating and gardening.


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Despite efforts to address the epidemic of deaths from drug overdose in the United States, drug-overdose deaths are rising faster in Black, Latinx, and American Indian and Alaska Native populations than in the White population.
"Numerous trials have documented the efficacy of medications for opioid use disorder and other SUD interventions. But such treatments are often less available to members of historically marginalized groups than to White patients," noted Carlos Blanco, M.D., Ph.D., of the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), Elisabeth U. Kato, M.D., M.R.P., of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, and others in a Perspective piece in the New England Journal of Medicine.
"Ensuring that all people with SUD receive evidence-based treatment will require overcoming barriers to high-quality care, such as lower rates of adequate health insurance among Black, Latinx, and American Indian and Alaska Native populations than among White populations; a dearth of community-based clinicians who treat uninsured and underinsured people; stigma surrounding SUDs; underinvestment by the public sector in historically marginalized communities; and limited access to digital tools in many of these communities," they continued.
Addressing such disparities also requires research, including studies to further the understanding of the effects of social determinants of health (for example, housing and employment) on patients' engagement with treatment for substance use disorders and advances in data collection.
The authors wrote, "Ensuring that research reduces disparities will require multiple steps," including the following:
- Include members of underrepresented groups in the development of preventive interventions and treatments.
- Recruit study participants from historically underrepresented groups, including those with varying levels of education. Ensure that studies are large enough to measure differences in outcomes according to race and ethnic group.
- Establish equitable partnerships with people who have or have had substance use disorders and their families, clinicians, policymakers, payers, and advocates. Share study findings with participating communities.
- Diversify the scientific workforce.
- Measure the effects of policies and interventions on equity.
"Applying an equity lens to efforts to address the worsening overdose epidemic and other SUD-related harms is critical to eliminating racial and ethnic disparities and improving health outcomes," the authors concluded. "Such an approach could also serve as a framework for narrowing disparities in other patient populations."
For related information, see the Psychiatric News article "Opioid Overdose Death Rate Rose Faster for People of Color."
Don't miss out! To learn about newly posted articles in Psychiatric News, please sign up here.


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Learn about this topic in these articles:
development by Curtiss
The addition of a retractable landing wheel gear to a float seaplane or flying boat, also accomplished by Curtiss, created the amphibian aircraft capable of operating from land runways or water. A post-World War II development was the pantobase, or all-base, airplane incorporating devices for operating from water or from a variety of unprepared surfaces such as snow, ice, mud, and sod.
...takeoff from or landing in water. These include floatplanes, which are fitted with pontoons for operation on water; flying boats, in which the fuselage also serves as a hull for water travel; and amphibians, which are equipped to land on and take off from both land and water.


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Ultrasonic Margarine Production
- The basic production step during the manufacturing of margarine consists in emulsifying a blend of vegetable oils and fats with water and additives.
- Ultrasonic emulsification a a reliable, proven technique to prepare stable, fine-size food emulsions.
- The ultrasonic emulsion process is based on intense cavitational shear forces providing micronand nano sized droplets for highest product quality.
Ultrasonic Margarine Emulsification
The main processing step of margarine production is the emulsification of water and hydrogenated oils/fats such as corn oils, soy oils, peanut oils, sunflower seed oils, etc. Due to the high oil concentration of 40-90%, it is very important to apply high sheer forces to create an uniform, fine-size emulsion. Ultrasonic emulsification is documented as fast and efficient technique for formulating stable nanoemulsion with very small droplet diameter and low polydispersity. Ultrasonic emulsions are often more stable than those produced conventionally and often require little, if any, surfactant.[Mason 1996]
The droplet size of the emulsion has major impacts on the margaine quality, such as spread consistence, stability and taste perception.
In comparison with mechanical agitators and shear mixers, ultrasound requires less surfactants and produces smaller and more stable droplets. Ultrasonic emulsifying is cost-saving, safe, simple to operate and can be easily retrofitted into existing industrial lines to improve the quality of emulsified products.
Ultrasonically Improved Margarine Formulation:
- Smaller droplets, better emulsion
- Higher water content possible
- Less Emusifiers
- Less microbial spoilage
Ultrasound is not only very efficient for the emulsification, but it helps to mix and blend powders, such as stabilizers, vitamins, colorants and other ingredients, uniformly into the margarine. Click here to learn more about ultrasonic homogenization and blending!
Less Microbial Spoilage in Margarine with Ultrasonic Emulsification
The smaller the water droplet size. the less attractive the environment for the micro-organisms since less nutrients are available to them. Similarly, the smaller the water droplet size the greater is the proportional chance of more sterile water droplets than actual micro-organisms. Hence, small water droplet size increases the shelf life of the product. and this is a side function of what the emulsiﬁers are able to do on grounds mainly of texture and stability. By small, it is meant that the average droplet size in margarine is 4-5 µm with a range from 1 to 20µm. When the droplet size is less than 10µm, it is doubtful that these restrictive environments will allow micro-organism growth (Delamarre and Batt, 1999). As ultrasonic emulsification provides droplets in the submicron– and nano-range, the sonication process helps to reduce spoilage and to enhance the shelf-life of margarine and other spreads.
Ultrasonic Hydrogenation of Edible Oils
The hydrogenation of vegetable oils is an important industrial large scale process. By hydrogenation, liquid vegetable oils are convertetd into solid or semi-solid fats. The hydrogenation is a common pre-processing step of margarine manufacturing. Chemically, the unsaturated fatty acids are converted during the phase transfer catalyzed reaction of hydrogenation into their corresponding saturated fatty acids by adding hydrogen atoms at the doublebonds. This catalytic process can be accelerated by high-power ultrasonication. Commonly used catalysts are nickel, aluminum or palladium. Hydrogenated fats are used extensively as shortening agents in bakery products. An advantage of saturated fats is their lower tendency to oxidation and thereby a lower risk of rancidity.
Ultrasonic Food Processors
Hielscher offers a broad range of ultrasonic machines and accessories to fulfill its customers' needs exactly. Ultrasonicators from lab devices to bench-top/ pilot and full-industrial production scale are readily available. Wether you want to process batches or volume streams inline, Hielscher offers you the suitable ultrasonic system.
Margarine is normally manufactured as continuous process. Hielscher's ultrasonic flow cells come in various sizes to match your production requirements. To improve the ultrasonic emulsification process, Hielscher has developed the patent-pending flow-cell insert MultiPhaseCavitator which features the injection of the second phase as fine liquid streams over injection cannulas directly into the cavitational zone resulting in an ultra-fine emulsion.
All industrial ultrasonic processors can be easily installed and retrofitted into existing production lines. For special requirements and applications, we supply customized solutions, which are adapted to your specific requirements.
- highly uniform emulsion
- micron & nano droplets
- high stability
- time savings of up to 90%
- full process control
- stable process temperature
- completely linear scale-up
- full reproducibility
- food-grade hygenic
- Awad, T.S:; Moharram, H.A:; Shaltout, O.E:; Saker, D.; Youssef, M.M: (2012): Applications of ultrasound in analysis, processing and quality control of food: A review. Food Research International 48, 2012. 410-427.
- Campbell-Platt, Geoffrey (2011): Food Science and Technology. Technology & Engineering. John Wiley & Sons, 2011.
- Ghosh, Vijayalakshmi; Mukherjee, Amitava; Chandrasekaran, Natarajan (2013): Ultrasonic emulsification of food-grade nanoemulsion formulation and evaluation of its bactericidal activity. Ultrasonic Sonochemistry 20, 2013. 338-344.
- Mason, Timothy; Paniwnyk, L.; Lorimer, J.P. (1996): The uses of ultrasound in food technology. Ultrasonics Sonochemsitry 3, 1996. 253-260.
- Young, Niall; Wassell, Paul (2008): Margarines and Spreads in: Gerard L. Hasenhuettl, Richard W. Hartel: Food Emulsifiers and Their Applications. Springer Science & Business, 2008.
Two main types of emulsions can be distinguished: oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions (e.g. milk, ice cream) and water-in-oil (W/0) emulsions (e.g. butter, margarine, mayonnaise, low-fat spreads, vegetable fat spreads). Additionally, there are so-called double emulsions (also known as inversion emulsion or multiple emulsion), such as water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) or oil-in-water-in-oil (O/W/O). Due to better control of ﬂavour and nutrient release, double emulsions are used increasingly in the food industry. The emulsiﬁcation process of emulsions and double emulsions requires the application of an intense shear to break liquid down into droplets of micron, sub-micron or nano sizes. Ultrasonic emulsification is a powerful and reliable processing method to prepare stable food emulsions on industrial scale. Ultrasonic cavitation and thereby generated high shear forces are a well-known process intensification technology.


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The Daning River, the largest tributary of the Yangtze River, is home to some of the Yangtze region's most spectacular scenery, including the Three Little Gorges. The clear blue waters of the Daning sit in stark contrast to the silty brown hue of the Yangtze, and the scenery along the river alternates between sheer cliff walls, verdant hills and the terraced fields of the villages on the banks.
Often shrouded in mist, the cliffs along the river extend thousands of feet in the air. Karst caves along the cliffs hold one of the river's most famous and mysterious relics: the suspended coffins of the ancient Bo minority group.
Archeologists don't know how the wooden coffins were placed into the caves, some more than 1,000 feet (305 kilometers) above the river, but they suspect the action of placing the coffins so high was auspicious and a mark of respect for the dead. Since the completion of the Three Gorges Dam, the water level in the river has risen substantially, making it easier to spot the remaining coffins high up in the cliffs.


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Definition of Newton's laws of motion in English:
Three fundamental laws of classical physics. The first states that a body continues in a state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line unless it is acted on by an external force. The second states that the rate of change of momentum of a moving body is proportional to the force acting to produce the change. The third states that if one body exerts a force on another, there is an equal and opposite force (or reaction) exerted by the second body on the first.
- The stunt draws upon a variety of physics theories including the conservation of angular momentum and Newton's laws of motion.
- Therefore, when an atom emits or absorbs a photon, its momentum changes in accordance with Newton's laws of motion.
- For example, Isaac Newton's laws of motion state that a body moving through empty space with no forces acting on it will go on moving in the same way.
Definition of Newton's laws of motion in:
- British & World English dictionary
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Contemporary Korean Society and Culture (KRNS3675)
This unit provides broad and interdisciplinary introduction to contemporary Korean society and culture. The unit examines significant events - wars and violence, democratization, and economic reform - in contemporary Korea that have brought the major changes in the society, and explores how these events have affected Korean society and culture. Major topics to be covered include gender, multiculturalism, youth and pop culture, the Korean Wave, language change, and North Korea. In addressing the topics, the students will utilize authentic Korean language materials.
Our courses that offer this unit of study
Further unit of study information
1x2hr lecture/week, 1x1hr tutorial/week
10xOnline assignments equivalent to 750wds total (10%), Tutorial participation (5%), 1x750wd Oral Presentation (15%), 1x2000wd major Essay (40%), 1x1000wd written test (30%)
Faculty/department permission required?
Unit of study rules
Prerequisites and assumed knowledge
(12 Senior credit points of Korean Studies) or (6 Senior credit points from Korean Studies and 6 Senior credit points from Asian Studies)
KRNS2500 or KRNS2675
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It has been suggested that in the presence of astigmatism some individuals make cyclic changes in focus over the astigmatic interval to obtain better visual performance. The aim in the present study was to identify such cyclic accommodative behavior and to characterize the variability of the response in the presence of astigmatism. The dynamic accommodation response in the presence of induced astigmatism was recorded objectively with an infrared optometer in seven young adults. Astigmatism led directly to increased accommodative variability in certain individuals. In two of seven participants there was evidence for aperiodic cyclic accommodative responses between different portions of the astigmatic interval. However, the amplitude of these tracking responses was much smaller than the astigmatic interval.
- accomodation response
- vision sciences


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|OpenLDAP Faq-O-Matic : Trash : How do I disable sync-on-write?|
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|slapd, by default, synchronizes the underlying DB after each modification.
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(C) Position effect on origin activation time. The plots show a comparison of the average activation time of predicted origins within a sliding 20-kb window centered at increments of 5 kb from chromosome ends (top panel) or centromeres (bottom panel). The difference in average t rep for origins within the window when compared to the average of all predicted origins is plotted (Δt rep; open circles) along with the probability in each instance of the observed difference being due to chance (P value; solid circles). The dashed horizontal line shows the threshold P value of P = 0.05.
The average activation time for the set of most distal predicted origins is ∼5 min later than that of all other origins (P = 2.5 × 10−4), consistent with the observation that telomeres cause late activation of origins placed in their vicinity (9, 29, 30). Although this position effect is known to extend at least ∼30 kb from the right telomere of chromosome V, the distance over which telomeres generally exert an effect had not been determined previously. To map the telomere position effect more systematically, the distribution of activation times of all predicted origins located within a sliding 20-kb window was compared to that of all predicted origins in the genome. As the sliding window was moved inward from the chromosome ends, the average activation time of predicted origins within the window approached that of the genomic average (Fig. 6C, top). The difference in average activation time was statistically significant (P < 0.05) until the 20-kb window was centered ∼45 to 50 kb from the end (Fig. 6C, top), suggesting that the telomere position effect, on average, extends at least ∼35 kb.
Because centromeres are replicated earlier than the bulk chromosomal sequences, we did a similar analysis for origins that flank centromeres. The average activation time for the 32 predicted origins flanking centromeres was found to be ∼5 min earlier than that of all other origins (P = 8.0 × 10−5). As with the telomeres, this difference in activation time, when compared to the genomic average, decreased at increasing distances from the centromeres (Fig. 6C, bottom): Predicted origins up to a distance of ∼25 kb from the centromeres showed a significantly earlier activation time than the genomic average. These observations raise the possibility that centromeres, like telomeres, may have a position effect on origin activation. Consistent with this idea, introduction of a centromere close to one potential origin on a plasmid containing two identical ARS elements led to preferential activation of the origin closer to the centromere (31).
Fork migration rates.
The rates of fork migration were measured by taking absolute values of the slopes of the lines connecting peaks and valleys (that is, origins and termini) in the replication profiles, ignoring the region immediately flanking each peak or valley (5 kb on either side), where local flattening of the curve introduces artifacts in the measurement of fork rates. As with origin activation times, a broad range of fork rates was observed (32), with a mean of 2.9 kb/min and a median of 2.3 kb/min (Fig. 7). These values are close to a previous estimate of fork migration rates made for isogenic cells grown under similar culture conditions [3.7 kb/min (1)]. Previously determined slow fork rates in two late-replicating regions [the right end of chromosome V and the left end of chromosome III (10, 30, 33)] are confirmed by our microarray data. However, there is no general correlation between fork rate and the time in S phase when the forks are initiated.
Figure 7
Replication fork migration rates. Fork migration rates were calculated for regions between peaks and valleys in the replication profiles. The histogram shows the maximum estimate for fork rate within each peak-valley interval.
Differences in fork rates throughout the genome could result from some local property of the DNA sequence or chromatin structure being replicated by a fork. Alternatively, qualitative differences in proteins assembled at different origins (such as minichromosome maintenance protein composition differences) could result in different rates of fork movement. However, models proposing qualitative differences between forks at different origins would have to accommodate the observation that there are some origins where the leftward and rightward forks move at different rates (for example, compare the left and right slopes at the origin labeled "a" in Fig. 3, located at ∼300 kb on chromosome X, where the leftward fork is estimated to be moving at 3.9 kb/min and the rightward fork at 1.4 kb/min). We cannot rule out the possibility that some origins are unidirectional in a subset of the cells (32). If such origins exist, they could account for asymmetry in fork rates between leftward and rightward forks from an origin.
Replication and transcription.
A general correlation between transcription and replication has been observed in mammalian cells—genes that are actively transcribed are often replicated early in S phase (34)—and has led to the suggestion that replication timing is one way for the cell to control transcription (35, 36). With one exception, we found no such correlation between transcription and replication time in yeast (37). The lone exception was the family of eight histone genes, which are replicated on average ∼10 min earlier than the genome average of 31 min (P= 6 × 10−6). A limitation of our analysis is that we have only examined one growth regimen; it is possible that the program of replication changes when cells modify their transcription profile to adapt to altered growth conditions. We anticipate that some version of the method described here, in combination with single molecule studies (38) and genome-wide analysis of transcription, will be especially useful in examining cellular responses to altered growth conditions (including the response to drugs such as hydroxyurea or DNA-damaging agents such as methylmethane sulfonate).
For the future, we envision at least two immediate benefits of this approach. First, we are compiling a database of origin locations and activation times that will help identify consensus sequence elements affecting origin choice and activation time. Second, this method provides a powerful way of comparing the topography of chromosome replication in different cell cultures: between cells of different genotypes (wild type versus mutant) and for cells of the same genotype under different growth conditions.
We see no reason why this method [or related methods (39)] cannot be applied to other organisms, including cultured human cells. There is no requirement for sequenced genomes; all that is required is that an ordered set of unique-sequence clones spaced at reasonable intervals be available for constructing microarrays and that some method of synchronizing cell populations and of density-labeling the DNA be available.
 - * These authors contributed equally to this work.
 - To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: raghu{at}
 - Present address: Aventa Biosciences, 4757 Nexus Centre Drive, Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
 - § Present address: The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Laboratory of Genetics, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Food Matters Live: Increasing vegetable consumption across the UK
10:45 – 12:15, Seminar room 3
Despite the well-established 'five a day' message, consumption of fruit and vegetables remains low, with more and more calories coming from processed foods high in fat, sugar and salt, and low in fibre. From farmers to retailers, public health professionals to restaurants – how can industry make it easier to eat more vegetables? What lessons have been learned from initiatives to date, and how much further do we need to go to reach the desired healthy levels of consumption?
Anna Taylor will be delivering a session on market trends and demographic variations in vegetable consumption and production across the UK. See the full programme here