Turkey says Germany genocide resolution a 'historic mistake'
Turkey says Germany genocide resolution a 'historic mistake'
2nd June 2016, Comments 0 comments
German lawmakers passed a resolution Thursday recognising the World War I massacre of Armenians by Ottoman forces as genocide, drawing a furious rebuke from Turkey which called it a "historic mistake".
Only one MP voted against and another abstained, as parliament approved overwhelmingly by a show of hands the resolution titled "Remembrance and commemoration of the genocide of Armenians and other Christian minorities in 1915 and 1916".
In the public gallery of the Bundestag, people held up banners saying "thank you" as the parliamentary speaker announced the result of the vote to applause.
Armenia Foreign Minister Edward Nalbandian praised the decision as "Germany's valuable contribution not only to the international recognition and condemnation of the Armenian Genocide, but also to the universal fight for the prevention of genocides, crimes against humanity."
But Turkey swiftly condemned the resolution.
"The German parliament's recognition of 'distorted and groundless' allegations as 'genocide' is a historic mistake," Deputy Prime Minister and government spokesman Numan Kurtulmus said on Twitter, calling the resolution "null and void."
Ahead of the vote, Ankara had warned that the vote was a "test of friendship".
The resolution, put forward by the ruling left-right coalition and the opposition Greens, carries the contentious word throughout and also puts partial blame on the German Empire, then allied with the Ottomans and which failed to prevent the atrocities.
The "genocide" recognition comes at a particularly awkward time as Germany and the European Union are relying on Turkey to help stem a record influx of migrants even as tensions are rising between both sides over human rights and other issues.
Yerevan has long sought international recognition of the "genocide", but Ankara rejects the term to describe the killings more than a century ago and argues that it was a collective tragedy in which equal numbers of Turks and Armenians died.
- Healing old wounds -
Acknowledging Turkey's fury over the Bundestag move, political leaders argued however that a clear recognition of historical facts was a key step to healing old wounds.
"We are not looking to put Turkey in the dock. Instead, this is about making clear that taking responsibility for the past is indispensible for reconciliation," said Franz Josef Jung, speaking for Chancellor Angela Merkel's Christian Democrats.
Turkish leaders heaped on the pressure ahead of the vote, with Prime Minister Binali Yildirim saying earlier Thursday that it would "amount to a real test of the friendship" between the two nations.
President Recep Tayyip Erdogan had warned that passing the resolution "would harm our future ties", and telephoned Merkel over the text.
- 'Partial responsibility' -
Before now Berlin has not taken a clear position on the WWI massacre, and President Joachim Gauck had been the highest-ranking German official who has called the killings a "genocide".
His speech last year during commemorations of the 100th anniversary of the killings had drawn fire from Turkey, but was also rejected by Steinmeier.
The foreign minister has said he hoped the Bundestag resolution would not derail efforts to reconcile Turkey and Armenia.
The issue is particularly sensitive in Germany, which has special ties with Ankara not least due to its three-million-strong ethnic Turkish population which settled following a massive "guest worker" programme in the 1960s and 1970s.
Revealing the pressure that lawmakers came under over the vote, parliament speaker Norbert Lammert said that "many threats were sent to colleagues, particularly those with Turkish background, including death threats".
Yerevan and Ankara have long been at loggerheads over the massacre.
But modern Turkey, the successor state to the Ottoman empire, says that 300,000 to 500,000 Armenians and as many Turks died in civil strife when Armenians rose up against their Ottoman rulers and sided with invading Russian troops.
More than 20 nations, including France and Russia, have recognised the Armenian genocide.
Referring to the atrocities against the Armenians, the German resolution says: "Their fate exemplifies the mass exterminations, the ethnic cleansing, the expulsions and indeed the genocides that marked the 20th century in such a terrible way."
It also states that the "German Empire bears partial responsibility for the events".
© 2016 AFP
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text:
Clue: Kind of answer
We have 1 answer for the clue Kind of answer. See the results below.
- Like some questions
- Kind of question
- Having no gray area
- Offering a stark choice
- Simple kind of question
- Type of question often asked in court
- Type of question
- Question variety
- Like "20 Questions" questions
- Type of question with two answers
Last Seen In:
- New York Times - September 16, 1997
Found an answer for the clue Kind of answer that we don't have? Then please submit it to us so we can make the clue database even better!

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
of our groceries". A team of experts dealt with the subject of different value chains of the food product industry and its possible developments in the future. At the same time they identified key factors that have a central impact on the future of our groceries.
At the end of the scenario process, seven different scenarios have been identified, whereas the probability of occurrence differs depending on the development of the surrounding conditions:
- Regionalisation as a global method of resolution (Scenario 1A): In this first scenario of sustainability, a combination of local products and wide innovations in technology and processes are drivers of a regionalised world.
- Turning away from the industrialized finishing (Scenario 1B): In this second scenario of sustainability, changed customer needs lead to a return to regionalism - and ultimately also to an intensification of the global supply situation through the emergence of further conflicts.
- Low priced and Convenient (Scenario 2): Here, convenience products allow to maintain the traditional eating habits due to reduced cooking time - the act of preparing meals takes a back seat. This permits a larger freedom for other activities and allows at the same time the possibility to solve global alimentary problems.
- Limitless varietyindividualised consumption with pleasure (Scenario 3): In this scenario the individuals are guided by their individual values – with diverse food products at different points of the day.
- Renaissance of self-supply (Scenario 4): In this scenario a separation of society appears, followed by the economisation of various societal processes resulting in an industrial engaged increase in price and a massive loss of faith of the individuals. This leads to a significant return to manual preparation of food.
- Triumph of individual fast-food (Scenario 5): In this future the traditional rhythms of alimentation diminish and the individual oriented persons acquaint themselves with various fast-food products as a low-priced alternative.
- Standardized sector of public utilities (Scenario 6): Here the globalisation is brought to a standstill leading to a decline of prosperity and a significant supply shortfall. Meanwhile the working life is getting more intense which fosters the evolvement of carry on food and take away goods, resulting in a low cost alimentation supply.
With the help of the definition and weighting of the different key factors three different paths of expected development can be described:
- Sustainability: The consumer will be more concerned about sustainability, meaning that social criteria as well as environmental and health aspects will play a larger role when it comes to the choice of products.
- Regionalisation: The wish to buy regional products will amplify.
- Convenience: In order to maintain the traditional eating habits in a society with limited time to cook and also reduced cooking proficiency, various new products (above all convenience products) will develop.
Apart from the three expected paths of development, two other paths of risks can be identified. On the one hand a decline of security and on the other hand global supply shortfalls.
To get further information about the scenario methodology feel free to contact us. Moreover, if you are interested in reading the whole scenario study please do not hesitate to get in touch with us.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Standard Concentration Curve and Absolute Concentration Determination
A standard concentration curve can be generated for absolute quantitation experiments using increasing concentrations of the "heavy peptide" in the presence of a constant amount of the biological sample of interest. The biological sample of interest, termed "matrix" contains the "light" version of the same peptide and therefore acts as a constant internal standard. For cases where we do not have matrix containing endogenous light peptide we synthesize a non-isotopic version termed "light" and use this as the constant internal standard in the curve. Our typical concentration curves contain five heavy peptide serial dilutions, a blank (no heavy peptide with constant light peptide), and double blank (matrix only) and each sample is run in triplicate for a total of 21 runs. Data from all 21 runs are imported into AB Multiquant Software where a linear calibration curve with a weighting of 1/x is used. Once the calibration curve is generated, the biological samples (unknowns) can be processed, measuring the amount of the endogenous 'light' peptide present in each sample. The "heavy" peptide is added into each biological sample at a fixed concentration and acts as the internal standard for these samples. Using the calibration curve generated above, the actual concentration of peptide in the biological sample can be computed from the ratio of the endogenous peptide (light) to the added internal standard (heavy).


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In the production process of large-scale power plants, there are a great amount of gypsum produced. In order to achieve scale-production, high quality and low cost, Zhengzhou Taida Group provides customized gypsum calcining process with consideration of practical situation of power plants.
1. Gypsum cement kiln
makes full use of advantages of power plants which are energy unit production units themselves. By taking advantage of exhaust heat and low-level energy, you can realize energy consumption aim while less advanced energy. in the working process of gypsum cement kiln, there will no need for extra energy and no extra pollution produced.
2. Taida gypsum cement kiln can adapt to the high moisture of desulfurized gypsum and various size.
3. If local condition permits, you can place the drying device near desulfurized vacuum dehydration belt, which can avoid repeated transportation of materials.
4. All matched equipment for gypsum cement kiln are automatically controlled.
5. The production site can totally meet energy-saving and environmental standards.
6. Considering the production feature of power plant production and various characteristics of various materials, Zhengzhou Taida can design reasonable structure for gypsum cement kiln in order to guarantee stable production.
7. Combined with new calcing and drying theory, zhengzhou taida group can design a corresponding gypsum cement kiln to fulfill gypsum production aim.
As a unique industrial kiln furnace
manufacturer in china, Zhengzhou Taida can provide you efficient gypsum cement kiln. With Zhengzhou Taida professional guidance and energy-saving gypsum cement kiln
, you can fulfill your production aim with less energy and less investment cost. If you are interested in Zhengzhou Taida gypsum cement kiln, you can call us at 0086-_PHONE_ or send email to _EMAIL_


text: About Us: Regional history, historic automobiles and hands-on science are major features of the Sloan Museum, located at 1221 E. Kearsley Street in Flint, Michigan. The Science Discovery Center allows children and adults,to explore principles of chemistry and physics through exhibit and staff presentations. The Hometown Gallery invites visitors to explore the 19th century with interactive hands on activities in three historic settings. The Pierson Automotive Gallery presents major automotive exhibits featuring vehicles from the Sloan fleet of over 80 Flint-built automobiles. Dramatic settings, video programs and hundredsof artifacts and photographs portray the areas tumultuous 20th century history in the Flint and the American Dream exhibit. Award-winning traveling exhibits fill the Temporary Gallery with a variety of educational and entertaining displays year-round. Our Mission:We create engaging experiences for everyone that inspire a lifelong curiosity in history, science and technology.


scipy.optimize.linear_sum_assignment(cost_matrix, maximize=False)[source]
Solve the linear sum assignment problem.
The linear sum assignment problem is also known as minimum weight matching in bipartite graphs. A problem instance is described by a matrix C, where each C[i,j] is the cost of matching vertex i of the first partite set (a "worker") and vertex j of the second set (a "job"). The goal is to find a complete assignment of workers to jobs of minimal cost.
Formally, let X be a boolean matrix where \(X[i,j] = 1\) iff row i is assigned to column j. Then the optimal assignment has cost
\[\min \sum_i \sum_j C_{i,j} X_{i,j}\]
where, in the case where the matrix X is square, each row is assigned to exactly one column, and each column to exactly one row.
This function can also solve a generalization of the classic assignment problem where the cost matrix is rectangular. If it has more rows than columns, then not every row needs to be assigned to a column, and vice versa.
The problem is also solved for sparse inputs in scipy.sparse.csgraph.min_weight_full_bipartite_matching which may perform better if the input is sparse, or for certain classes of problems, such as uniformly distributed costs.
The cost matrix of the bipartite graph.
maximizebool (default: False)
Calculates a maximum weight matching if true.
row_ind, col_indarray
An array of row indices and one of corresponding column indices giving the optimal assignment. The cost of the assignment can be computed as cost_matrix[row_ind, col_ind].sum(). The row indices will be sorted; in the case of a square cost matrix they will be equal to numpy.arange(cost_matrix.shape[0]).
New in version 0.17.0.
 2. DF Crouse. On implementing 2D rectangular assignment algorithms. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 52(4):_PHONE_, August 2016, DOI:10.1109/TAES.2016.140952
>>> cost = np.array([[4, 1, 3], [2, 0, 5], [3, 2, 2]])
>>> from scipy.optimize import linear_sum_assignment
>>> row_ind, col_ind = linear_sum_assignment(cost)
>>> col_ind
array([1, 0, 2])
>>> cost[row_ind, col_ind].sum()
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When and how the study of naming objects began in philosophy? I mean how objects are named, how a same object can have different names refering to different aspects or features of the object.
The closest thing to the "study of naming objects" today, it seems, would be semiotics or semiology. As a sustained field of interest it has begun with Ferdinand de Saussure at the beginning of the 20th century. He convincingly and very influentially argued that language is a system of signs and that it does not pertain to "the world in itself" but is rather arbitrary.
Of course, Saussure had many predecessors interested in the very same question, but his posthumously published lectures were the main impetus behind turning this interest into a full blown discipline (which today one will find very far away from the original Saussurean conjectures).
In Cratylus, for example, Plato is already pondering whether the names of objects pertain to the "essence" of these objects or if they are simply arbitrary. Plato in this particular case is either on the essentialist side or takes no position. Aristotle, on the other hand, argued for conventionality of language: if a word had some sort of intrinsic connection to what it signifies why, then, even such basic concepts as bread and wine are called differently in different languages?
"How objects are named" is something of a mystery to me. I imagine it's been a puzzle since Adam and his garden full of animals for naming. So to speak.
For "how a same object can have different names referring to different aspects or features of an object", the most thorough treatment you'll find first is in Frege. If there are earlier mentions of this hydra, you'll find them there.


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If parents or carers are concerned that their child is being contacted by adults as a result of having shared sexual imagery they should report to NCA-CEOP at _URL_
ChildLine has developed an app for young people, which is designed to help them diffuse pressures on them to send an explicit image. The app, called Zipit, offers witty images to send instead of explicit ones and provides advice on how to engage in safe chat and what to do if you are threatened. More information is available at _URL_
'Nude Selfies: What Parents and Carers Need to Know'.
CEOP have launched a series of four short animated films for parents and carers offering advice on how to help keep their children safe from the risks associated with sharing nude and nearly nude images. The films can be seen at _URL_
The films aim to help parents and carers:
- Understand young people's motivations for sending nude selfies.
- Plan to respond positively and constructively to an incident in which their child has shared a nude selfie.
- Gain confidence and skills in initiating preventative conversations.
- Identify risky behaviours or situations and know where to seek help.
- Know how to get help if a child is at risk after sharing an image.
Further advice is available from the services shown below:
Marie Collins Foundation (MCF) by ringing 01765 688827 or be emailing _EMAIL_
Child Sexual Exploitation website at: _URL_
Think You Know - _URL_
The NSPCC is complementing the ChildLine initiative by providing advice to parents and carers on what they can do to advise and support their children in relation to "sexting." Many children and young people are more savvy about internet and mobile phone technology than their parents, so the advice, posted on the NSPCC website, will enable parents to take action.
The NSPCC has produced a guide to assist parents talk with children about the dangers and legalities surrounding sexting, empowering them to say no to requests. Access to the guide can be found here
The Lucy Faithful Foundation is the only UK-wide charity focused solely on reducing the risk of children being sexually abused and exploited and as part of their work they offer support for parents whose children have been affected by these issues.
Their guide is aimed at supporting parents whose children have already got into trouble online – helping them to understand what has happened, why and how parents can talk to their children and get further support. Download: What's The Problem?
This looks at three key issues:
- My child exhibits risk taking behaviour by accessing adult pornography
- My child has behaved irresponsibly by sending or receiving sexual images
- My child has been arrested for viewing indecent images of children
The guide explains to parents:
- What the law in the UK says about children accessing sexual material online, including taking, distributing and posting indecent images and video of themselves or of other children (under 18)
- How to respond to children who have produced, shared or viewed illegal images online.
- The consequences of illegal online sexual behaviour on work, family and social life
- The possible impact of regular access to adult sexual material on relationships.
- How to help their children cope with peer pressure to share indecent material online
- Where to access support to prevent a repeat of their child's worrying online sexual behaviour.
- Additional resources include literature and video materials aimed at young people who have been involved in 'sexting'
- The guide also alerts parents to the most popular sites used by children to access adult sexual materials as well as to send and receive sexual images of themselves.
Childnet have information and advice about sexting available on its website: _URL_
The UK Safer Internet Centre have produced checklists for parents on using social networks safely _URL_
Resources parents available to highlight to their children
- Virtual college have produced a guide to "Safeguarding children from sexting"
- There is information on the Childline website for young people about sexting: _URL_
- The Safer Internet Centre has produced resources called "So you Got Naked Online" which help young people to handle incidents of sexting:


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The purpose of this task is to identify and describe the required projects and plan an implementation order for them.
For this task:
Â· Identify Projects,
Â· Order Projects,
Â· Develop Project Outlines.
List each major project required to implement the architecture, refining complex projects into subprojects when necessary.
Order projects with regard to natural precedence as determined from analysis of data and applications architectures. Cluster projects with mutual affinity. Consult the attached list of project staging criteria for further guidance on how to order projects:
PROJECT STAGING CRITERIA
Â· Net benefit contribution to organization,
Â· Degree of urgency re competitive advantage,
Â· Degree of readiness of organization to absorb change,
Â· Number of processes supported by release dates,
Â· Impact to/extensions to current architecture
Â· Migration issues,
Â· Technology transfer issues,
Â· Degree of job redesign required.
Develop Project Outlines
Build concise project outlines for each activity, providing as much information as possible about scope, deliverables, and assumptions. This should be done for both current and proposed projects.
Overview of Deliverable
This task produces Section 2, Implementation Strategy and Schedule, and Appendix I, Project Summaries for Stage 1, of the Transformation Plan:
Section 2 contains the following subsections:
2.1 Migration Model by Stages
2.1.1 Stage 1: Applications, Technology, Infrastructure
2.1.2 Stage 2: Applications, Technology, Infrastructure
2.1.3 Stage 3: Applications, Technology, Infrastructure
2.2 System Projects and Schedule for Stage 1


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From the Cheomseongdae observatory in Silla to modern semiconductor technology, the history of science and civilization in Korea will be published in the Science and Civilization in Korea (SCK) series. Funded by the Ministry of Education, and directed by the Korean Studies Promotion Service under the Academy of Korean Studies, the large-scale publishing project will receive an investment of 5 billion won for 10 years from December 2010 to November 2020. The Korean Research Institute of Science, Technology and Civilization (Director Shin Dongwon) has been installed at Chonbuk National University to take charge of operations. Following the example of the Science and Civilisation in China series published by the Needham Research Institute in Cambridge, the center plans to release its own collection of science and civilization in Korea.
Targeted at both general readers and scholars, the Science and Civilization in Korea series will consist of 37 volumes – 16 on pre-modern history, 14 on modern and contemporary times, and 7 in English. The project has been proceeding in 3 phases (3+3+4 years). The first 3-year phase that commenced in December 2010 will produce 11 Korean volumes and 1 English volume. The Korean volumes focus on the following topics.
- Donguibogam and the History of East Asian Medicine
- History of Traditional Korean Geography
- History of Transportation in Pre-Modern Korea
- Science and Technology in the Sejong Era
- Traditional Science and Western Science
- History of Astronomy in Korea
- The Beginnings of Modern Science and Technology
- Korea's Green Revolution and Modern Agriculture
- Structure of S&T Revolution in Modern Korea
- Establishment and Development of Research Institutes in Korea
- History of Science and Technology Polices in Modern Korea
The Korean series will be published by Dulnyouk Publishing. Encompassing both traditional and modern history, the series attempts to challenge the stereotypical view of East Asian science and civilization that regards Western science as the yardstick, and to introduce distinct characteristics of Korea without being shadowed by Chinese ethnocentrism. This will present the world with a more accurate picture of science and civilization in Korea, and provide a model for the development of science and technology in developing countries based on the standards set by Korea in recent times. This series is expected to play a significant role in forming a balanced understanding of science and civilization not only in Korea, but to the whole of East Asia.
The followings are the topics for phase 2.
- Bronze and Iron Technology in Ancient Korea
- Civil Works in Ancient Korea
- Korean Alphabet (Hangeul) and Korean Civilization
- Women in Korean History of Science
- Science and Religion in Korea
Topics for phase 3 have been temporarily scheduled as follows.
- Industrial Revolution in Korea
- Modern History of Medicine in Korea
- History of Engineers in Korea
- Ideological/Social/Historical Background of Science and Technology in Korea
- History of Mathematics in Korea
- Farming Technology and Korean Civilization
- History of Natural History in Korea
- Ceramic Technology and Korean Civilization
- Printing/Papermaking and Korean Civilization
- Military Technology and Korean Civilization
- History of Architecture in Korea
- History of Biology in Modern and Contemporary Korea
- Development History of Semiconductor Technology in Korea
- Social History of Science and Technology in Korea
- History of Science and Civilization in Korea (to be covered in Korean)
SCK English volumes
The 7 English volumes will be prepared in English and distributed through the Cambridge University Press. This series will examine the history and characteristics of traditional and modern science in Korea. Through this comprehensive exploration, we hope to expand our knowledge of the history of science in East Asia and beyond. Traditional Korean science reached a very high level of scholarly achievement in many disciplines, including astronomy, geomancy, mathematics, and medicine. It accomplished this in conjunction with Chinese and Japanese science, but science in each of these three countries developed its own unique characteristics. The relationship between Chinese civilization and Korean science could probably be compared to that between Roman civilization and English science. During the modern period, Korea is a rare example of a destitute developing country in which science grew rapidly within a very short time, helping catapult the nation to advanced industrialized status. By understanding the history of science in Korea, a minor civilization, we can deepen and expand our understanding of the history of science in East Asia and throughout the world.
East Asian culture is often understood as a single cultural sphere with China at its center. However, even in China, many cultures have existed. Also, interchanges among China, Korea, and Japan played a substantial role in the formation and development of East Asian culture. Because of its location, Korea played a crucial role in these interchanges, as a bridge between the Chinese continent and the Japanese archipelago. Therefore, it is essential to understand Korean history of science in order to understand the history of science and civilization in East Asia.
Although Korea, China, and Japan share traditions, they also developed extensive traditions specific to each. While Chinese and Japanese traditions are relatively well known, Korean traditions are known to a much smaller degree. For example, people rarely know about Hangul's role in the dissemination of scientific knowledge; the development of metal culture in Korea, including printing types; or Korea's unique progress in medicine and cartography. By exploring both universal and specific aspects of the history of Korean science, this series will locate that history within the larger context of East Asian and world science.
This series adopts an approach different from that of previous books on the history of science in China and Japan. First, it avoids the sinocentric and modernistic biases. Joseph Needham's Science and Civilization in China is a masterpiece that presents the remarkable achievements made by Chinese science and civilization in various disciplines. However, it rarely discusses how Chinese science was influenced by interactions with the sciences in neighboring countries like Korea and Japan. It also tends to judge traditional science from the perspective of modern science. We intend to discuss the history of science in Korea in the context of its interaction with science in other East Asian countries. This will enable us to organically understand East Asian civilizations within the framework of the dynamic between center and periphery rather than just offer a parallel history of science of another country. Second, we avoid a nationalistic approach. Recently, scholars of China, Japan, and Korea have tended to describe each country's history of science as an independent entity, based on a nationalist perspective, rather than understanding it as part of the larger history of East Asian science. Instead, we will address both the universal and specific characteristics of each national history of science.
Considering the level of achievement in traditional science in Korea, the rapid development of modern science there is unsurprising. Korean science had always kept up with the level of science in China throughout the historical era and in some ways surpassed it during King Sejong's reign. In general, although traditional Korean science was not necessarily pioneering, it disseminated, intensified, and modified scientific achievements imported from neighboring countries. It also contributed to the development of some disciplines at the "center" by providing feedback, a pattern that continued to the modern era. By focusing on ways in which science in the "periphery" contributes to the dissemination, modification, and intensification of science in the "center" our study of Korean science will also expend understanding of the history of world science.
Topics for SCK (E) have been temporarily scheduled as follows.
- History of Science and Technology in Korea
- History of Astronomy in Korea
- Compressed Development of Science and Technology under the Authoritarian Regime in South Korea
- History of the Body and Medicine in Korean Civilization
- Source Book for the Korean History of Science
- Mathematics and the History of Korean Civilization
- Imperialism, Colonialism, Post-colonialism and Technoscience in Korea
- Dynamics of Technological development in Korean industrialization
- West and Korea in the History of Science and Technology
- History of Korean Geomancy (to be covered in English)


text:
referring to something on mainframes we would normally refer to as file
, by the same convention, would refer to a logical name for a dataset.
An example from TSO:
ALLOC DATASET(SYS1.UADS) FILE(FT07F001)
would assign the dataset SYS1.UADS (or User Attribute Data Set - the file with the TSO user attributes - similar to Unix /etc/passwd) to a logical file FT07F001.
You could then run a FORTRAN program (or COBOL, or PL/I) accessing the file. For FORTRAN, this would have looked like this :
FORTRAN on MVS did not know about dynamic file assignment - you could not just use an OPEN statement. Thus, the naming convention : FT, followed by the file number, followed by F, followed by an index - starting from 1. (After reading to the end of FT07F001, the program would try to read FT07F002, FT07F003 etc. and only after exhausting all of these, it would finally get an end of file condition.)
Would the above example work?
No. Of course not. The file system on IBM mainframes is rather different from that on Unix or Windows. A file is not just an unstructured collection of bytes. FORTRAN could only process a rather small subset of the possible combination of file attributes (fixed length records only, ONE of the limitations).
So - even if you knew how to program, you could not access all of the files on your system - unless, of course, you were an Assembler wizard.


text:
One in every four pregnancies ends in a miscarriage. Researchers in obstetrics, gynecology and genetics are constantly working to figure out what is to blame, but could swine experts have the answer? 7News heads back out to the McNeese State University farm to see how pig pregnancies could impact human reproductive medicine.
Sure we know pigs can give us ham, bacon and pork chops. But Chip LeMieux, Ph.D., head of the Harold and Pearl Dripps Department of Agricultural Sciences, and graduate student, Carrie Hebert, say there are several commonalities with our swine friends.
"The hearts can be the same as humans, the stomachs can be the same as humans," said Hebert, "so why can't they, as far as getting pregnant and saving pregnancies, that could actually relate back to us.
To get to that conclusion, we first need to start with the basics of swine baby-making. 90 percent of piglets today are the result of artificial insemination and while it is a safe, cheap way to boost production numbers, the risk of miscarriage is still there.
"It can be genetic, nutritional, environmental," said Dr. LeMieux, "a lot of things that could happen, fluctuation in temperatures, stress factors."
A full-term pregnancy for a pig is three months, three weeks and three days - less than half that of humans. For the pregnancy to not end in miscarriage, corpora lutea, a tissue mass that secretes the pregnancy hormone progesterone, must be present the whole time.
Experiment number one with 20 sows involved lowering the CL levels and giving half of the pigs nothing to increase the progesterone. The other half of the sows were given a daily oral dose of progesterone.
"If we did give them the progesterone," said Dr. LeMieux, "they maintained their pregnancy to term and gave birth."
After that experiment's success, the next step was to terminate the corpora lutea altogether by giving hormones to the sow. Then, oral progesterone was administered in addition to other hormones to see if she could grow a new CL on the ovary to keep a full-term pregnancy.
"It worked for a period of time," said Dr. LeMieux, "she did put on a new CL, but at the end, once we removed that oral progesterone, she terminated the pregnancy."
While that was not the outcome they were hoping for, these researchers still say their discoveries are encouraging for pigs and people. The research could serve as a model for physicians to induce more CL in women with early miscarriages.
"This would be her producing her own progesterone, so maybe a more natural dose of it would be better than an exogenous amount of progesterone," said Dr. LeMieux.
There is excitement that these findings have potential to reduce infertility and early miscarriages in mainstream medicine.
"Maybe one day it could save a woman who's potentially in danger of losing her baby," said Hebert.
Dr. LeMieux plans to keep this research going and include more sows in the next study. It will focus on tweaking the dosages of the medication to see if healthy piglets can be born to a sow after the creation of a new CL.
Copyright KPLC 2013. All rights reserved.


_USER_ {9862, title = {Changes in cognitive function among older adults: A latent profile transition analysis}, journal = {Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics}, volume = {80}, year = {2019}, pages = {12-19}, abstract = {Cognitive decline in late life is a crucial health problem. It is important to understand the consistency and change of older adults{\textquoteright} cognitive function in late life. Data for older adults (78 years and above) from the Health and Retirement Study (N = 1680) were used to explore meaningful subtypes of cognitive function and transitions patterns between those profiles across times. Age, gender, levels of education and nursing home were incorporated as covariates to explore the association between these variables and cognitive function transition pattern. Three cognitive function subgroups (Normal Cognitive Function, Fluid Intelligence Impairment and Cognitive Impairment) were identified. Individuals in Normal Cognitive Function status had a high probability to convert to the Fluid Intelligence Impairment status whereas the Cognitive Impairment status appeared a predominant tendency for stability. Increasing age played a significant role in fluid intelligence impairment and cognitive impairment process. Female and individuals with nursing home might be at higher risk of subsequent fluid intelligence impairment, while higher education did not protect against fluid intelligence impairment. These findings highlighted the usefulness to adopt a person-centered approach rather than a variable-centered approach, suggesting directions for future research and tailored interventions approaches to older adults with particular characteristics.}, keywords = {Cognitive Ability, Gender Differences, Latent Variable Modeling}, issn = {01674943}, doi = {10.1016/j.archger.2018.09.006}, url = {_URL_ author = {Huang, Feifei and Zhang, Minqiang and Wang, Shaojie} }


text:
_USER_.org | Hubzilla Development
I want to sync items of two tables
faces_encoding and faces_person to a channels clone.
Do you think the following is a good approach?
Example for face encodings:
- Create an item (in table item).
- Use column item.app=faces and item.title=encoding to find (all of them) later on.
- Store a face encoding (content of a row in faces_encoding) in column item.obj
- Store the hash of the item in the encoding (faces_encoding.file_hash)
- Use item.sync_an_item($channel_id,$item_id)
- Before the channels clone starts a face recognition (it is always only triggered manually by the user via browser)
- Select all items using item.app=faces AND item.title=encoding
- Read the encodings from the items and write the encodings if new or changed
Depending on how it goes I would change it, e.g.
- Sync an image with all encodings instead each encoding separately.
- Of course I have store the file (image) hash in each encoding.
Do you can imagine a completely different way of syncing the data?
Is attach more appropriate or iconfig or...?
Once it works for ZAP I would port it to Hubzilla.
Many thanks in advance.


About Felix Ankel, MD
Department of Emergency Medicine
University of Minnesota Medical School
Regions Hospital
How We Have Kept and Will Continue to Keep Going | Summary of The Leader's Library Discussion
keep going book
Last month, 30 people from 4 different countries and 15 different states + Puerto Rico, ranging from their early twenties to mid sixties, bravely jumped into a two-and-a-half day conversation on Slack about creativity, resilience, and their careers– the fifth version of The Leader's Library. We discussed the book Keep Going: Ten Ways to Stay Creative in Good Times and Bad by Austin Kleon, and reflected together on the evolution of our creativity from childhood through middle age, and how a career in emergency medicine requires creativity in every possible form. Please see our earlier post for a more detailed summary of the book; below, we share the highlights of the group's discussion.
Day 1
The first day started out with a personalized welcome video from Austin Kleon himself and introductions of participants. People shared what drew them to The Leader's Library (connection, reflection, building community) and where they would like to incorporate more creativity (heal personal and societal wounds, bring innovative approaches to "wicked problems", appreciate the beauty and joy in connections between things.) We then discussed the influence of specific individuals on personal creativity and how some have created a personal creative network (PCN) similar to personal learning networks (PLN). This was followed by a discussion about the spaces where people felt most creative, with many describing the benefit of being outside and disconnected from the activities of daily electronic living, while others felt most creative when connected with others through electronic means. Participants then volunteered their preferred medium for expressing creativity with lots of sharing of paintings, photography, poetry, and welding projects.
Day 2
On the second day, we covered the first 8 tenets of the book.
1. Every day is groundhog day.
This is really about having a daily discipline: take one day at a time, establish a daily routine, and have reflective practice. Participants discussed morning and evening routines, journaling as an anchor, and the importance of routine in setting boundaries between "doing" and "being". Some discussed an unease with routines, as our chosen lives as emergency physicians are by nature unpredictable. However, this discomfort belied participants' flexibility and resiliency– even in pure chaos when nothing is going as planned, we'll get through, the day/shift/week will inevitably end, and we'll start again tomorrow.
2. Build a bliss station.
This is a "space" or "time" to disconnect from the outside world to connect with yourself. The concept of being on "airplane mode" even when not on an airplane resonated with many. Participants shared examples of their physical (outdoors, home office, kitchen island) and temporal bliss stations; for some, their bliss station was simply an extra in-tune state of mind. The conversation also revolved around the art of "saying no" and of intentionality when creating one's career journey. Some highlights: recognize that one's capacity is finite, and in order to say "yes" to one opportunity, one must say "no" to another; when invited to do something, ask, "What is this person really trying to achieve? Can I help them in a different way to achieve this goal?"; and journal in the days following activities and review how you felt afterward– did this project invigorate you, or were you entirely drained? Use this insight to inform future decisions.
3. Forget the noun, do the verb.
We often define our identity with who we are rather than what we do. Kleon suggests that "creative" is not a noun and that real work is play. We had a robust discussion on what "verb"-ing looks like for each of us. In looking at our careers, many of us recognized our professional "nouns" in one bucket (emails, meetings, academic rat race), and our liberating, expansive doctor "verbs" in another bucket (to help, think, read, teach). We discussed ways to contract bucket 1 (wait 24 hours to answer an email, skip meetings that aren't action-oriented) and expand bucket 2 (step out of academia, work only on passion projects [that whole "saying no" thing again!]).
4. Make gifts.
This was about the importance and joy of gifts. This was also about the trappings of "suckcess" and the tyranny of metrics. Kleon suggests that we should leave money on the table, we should forget to take things to the next level, and let low hanging fruit fall off and rot. Instead of the quantitative, focus on the qualitative. Be kind, be generous, be unique.
5. The ordinary + extra attention = the extraordinary.
This tenet resonated with many. Participants discussed ways they've cultivated over the past year to slow down and pay attention to the world around them with mindfulness techniques. With slowing down, we can finally focus attention on what we're paying attention to, then with intentionality nurture this by giving extra attention and create something extraordinary. An interesting angle discussed how Peleton pandemic buys helped people get into the mode to conserve cognitive load and emotional labor, to slow the mind through exercise.
6. Slay the art monsters.
Kleon's "art monsters" are those ubiquitous beings who somehow create beautiful work while behaving badly and contributing net negativity to the world. We reflected that we don't want to become "monsters" in the same way, prioritizing output and the final project over the craft of medicine. Kleon argues here that "art is for life, not the other way around," and this was a good reminder that we chose our careers because we wanted to make our, and others', lives better, not to drag ourselves or others down. Many discussed this juxtaposition of simultaneously loving their practice (caring for patients, educating others) with living periods of time where pursuing their craft made themselves and others miserable. We all can have monsters coming to visit; the key is keep them around for the shortest time possible.
7. You are allowed to change your mind.
This tenet challenges the obsession with being right (hello, medicine!). Our discussion revolved around history-as-educator ("history may not repeat, but it sure does rhyme") and philosophy-as-educator [Daily Stoic]. Some participants regularly revisit their own history through re-reading old journals; others learn through reading others' histories in books, applying lessons from our ancestors' missteps to our own current leadership challenges. There was also discussion of the (inverse) relationship between confidence in a position and being right. See the Dunning-Kruger prayer. In Kleon's words, "to change is to be alive."
8. When in doubt, tidy up.
We closed the day with a discussion of tidying our workspaces, both mental and physical. Sleep tidies up your brain. Tidying up your workspace is an exploration and a great way to focus energy when stuck or overwhelmed. Participants discussed their approach to tidying up offices, kitchens and gardens and the positive creative effects it had on their creativity.
9. Demons hate fresh air.
On the third and final day of discussion, we covered Kleon's final 2 tenets. This is one of the more intuitive tenets– that getting one's bootie off one's chair and going outside can stimulate creativity and launch us past writer's block. However, Kleon takes this beyond endorphins and argues that, by going outside, we better integrate ourselves into our communities and reality: "If we do not get outside, if we do not take a walk out in the fresh air, we do not see our everyday world for what it really is, and we have no vision of our own with which to combat disinformation." Participants had varied strategies for getting themselves OUT, though most agreed that getting outside had been critical to their physical and mental wellbeing over the past year. Several people cultivated a habit of photographing their surroundings while out walking, a practice which helped them stay present. One participant shared that for them, this tenet took on a metaphorical meaning– by letting their internalized shame out to "fresh air" through writing or speaking, its power over them lessened.
10. Plant your garden.
Kleon, and our participants, focused on seasonality here. We don't expect plants to flower in the winter, nor do we furiously cling to an oak tree's leaves when they tumble off in the autumn; why, then, in academic emergency medicine, in medical education, in medicine in general, do we completely disregard this natural rhythm and instead attempt to overpower it with a decades-long continuous stream of hard work? Why are we surprised that our creativity stalls periodically, when we know innately that everything in our world is cyclical? Participants brainstormed ways to integrate periods of recuperation and recharge (what Kleon calls "dormancy" in this essay) into their professional lives, not just for rest, but also to enhance creative output. One participant reflected, "I've personally struggled with having to ALWAYS be 'on' in terms of being creative, but now understand that creativity ebbs and flows and the key now is to capitalize when the time is right."
Synchronous Conversation
We closed out The Leader's Library with a live video conversation, during which participants ranging from medical student to late-career professor mused about the connections they formed during The Leader's Library, new ideas they'd be taking back to their institutions, and shocking realizations they'd had while learning from and with their co-participants. Independent of differences in prior life


text:
§ 91. Mr. Wolrige-Gordon
asked the Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food what types and classes of farms and farming are the most heavily subsidised.
§ Mr. John Mackie
Only a broad indication can be given, and the position fluctuates from year to year. In 1964–65 subsidies as a proportion of total revenue were somewhat higher on cereal farms and on hill sheep farms than they were on mixed and general cropping farms. The rate of subsidy on pigs and eggs was also relatively high in that year. Milk, like sugar beet, attracts no direct Exchequer subsidy, the cost of the guaranteed price being met by the consumer. Dairy farms therefore tend to receive a smaller proportion of their revenue from 97W Exchequer subsidy than other types of farms. For any given type of farm, the proportion of revenue due to subsidy does not vary significantly with the size of the farm.


text:
Experts are investigating how much rice eaten in Britain is affected by the toxic chemical.
Researchers at Aberdeen University said the affected rice is grown in the southern-central states of the US.
They say it has increased concentrations of arsenic, compared with samples of the crop from other parts of the world.
Those who eat rice containing high levels of the substance face a greater risk of bladder and lung cancer, the researchers added.
Britain's Food Standards Agency said a study is looking at the amount of arsenic in rice eaten in the UK and how it might be affected by cooking. But it urged British consumers not to panic.
Researchers analysed 107 samples of long grain rice from the south central region of the US, including Arkan-sas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Missouri and Texas.
Professor Andy Meharg of Aberdeen University said they found three to five times more arsenic in that region than was found in other rice producing countries, such as India and China.
"We know if you are exposed to even low levels over a decade, your risk of cancer will increase," he said.
"We are far more health-conscious about what we are eating nowadays and we know arsenic is carcinogenic."
Prof Meharg said the increased arsenic levels in south-central American rice could be caused by pesticides which were used on the cotton fields and had remained in the soil.
The Aberdeen team plans to examine the arsenic content of rice from European countries and the levels in rice-based products.
Their research is published in the Environmental Science and Technology journal. The US rice industry has disputed the claims, saying that rice has been grown in America for hundreds of years without any health problems.
But Professor Meharg said: "In these areas, they actively developed rice that would provide a greater harvest in arsenic-rich soil." British retailers sought to distance themselves from the study. Tesco and Asda both said they do not get rice from the American regions mentioned in the study.
The FSA said: "Total exposure to inorganic arsenic for adults and toddlers, including high-level consumers of rice, is well within safety guideline levels and does not pose a risk." A spokesman for Mas-terfoods, which makes Uncle Ben's rice, said: "Regarding the current media reports about arsenic levels in rice, our tests confirm levels within accepted regulatory standards.
"In the UK, our long-grain and wild rice are sourced from Europe and our basmati rice is sourced from India."
* What's REALLY wrong with Britain? Go to the BLOGS section now to find out...


text:
Some inventions are creations of convenience, like the Snap-a-Loop media device holder. Some are fun, like BrickStix. Some are useful in very specific ways, like SnapIt Screw eyeglass repair and the E-sort potato sorter. And some have enormous social potential, like adjustable focus eyeglasses.
The Pacifier Activated Lullaby, or PAL, is a niche invention that falls into that last category, in a marvelous and touching way. Developed by music professor Jayne Standley at Florida State University to help premature babies learn the proper muscle movements to be able to suck and feed.
According to the PAL page at Florida State University,"More than 500,000 premature babies are born in the United States every year, each requiring significant medical treatment to ensure their survival and minimize life-long health challenges."
Officially, the "Pacifier Activated Lullaby (PAL®) is an FDA-approved, patented system that utilizes music reinforcement therapy to stimulate non-nutritive sucking and the breathe-suck-swallow reflex in pre-term infants." And results are already producing shorter-term hospital stays with a commensurate reduction in hospitalization costs (on average saving $10,000 per infant) and a higher likelihood that premature babies will thrive once they leave the hospital.
IEEE-Spectrum gives some interesting technical details. "The pacifier is outfitted with proprietary piezo sensing technology that detects the baby's sucking motion. Feedback algorithms determine when the motion is correct, and a signal is sent via wire to a speaker that plays a soothing song when the baby gets the breathe-suck-swallow reflex right. The system can be calibrated to each baby's needs."
Check PAL out at _URL_


Community - Active Living
Active Transportation
Active transportation integrates physical activity into daily routines such as walking or biking to destinations such as work, grocery stores or parks. Active transportation policies and practices in community design, land use and facility access have been proven effective to increase physical activity and promote an active lifestyle.
Regional Active Transportation Plan
In November 2015, the Regional Active Transportation Plan was finalized, thus providing Benton, Sherburne, Stearns and Wright counties, along with the Regional Active Living Advisory Group (RALAG) with a five-year work plan to create a region where walking and biking is part of everyday life.
 1. City Partnerships
 2. Rice Park & Trails
 3. Bike Friendly Communities
 4. Comprehensive Planning
City Partnerships
SHIP staff have been working closely with cities in Benton County to assist them in planning for the future, and creating changes that increase access to healthy foods, allow for active transportation, and reduce tobacco Use and exposure.


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Using Drones: Factors That Influence Decision Making
Read this article to find out the important factors that influence decision making when using drone technology.
a series of doors one could choose to pass through
1 – Personality traits
Your personality traits and factors combine with your values, needs and motivation as you navigate the world of decisions every day. Your "style" will inform whether you approach decisions rationally or emotionally, impulsively or cautiously, spontaneously or deliberately. If you have daring and adventurous components to your personality, you may find that you are quick, even impulsive in making decisions versus an analytic counterpart that may need to contemplate every angle before weighing in.
drone on construction site
2 – Pride, peer pressure or employer pressure
Pride is often viewed in a favourable light as it conjures up positive images such as a personal satisfaction after successful performance of a task.
Pride however, can degenerate into something quite negative as witnessed when athletes cheat and injure others in order to achieve success and bolster their pride.
In business and aviation, pride may inhibit our ability to receive correctional feedback which is important for correct decision making.
Similarly, peer pressure can be detrimental to our decision-making process when a tendency to conform to what other members of the group are saying rather than following your own judgement.
Employer pressure usually stems from a business' needs to meet deadlines and be profitable. These needs can influence our decision making and in some instances compromise safety.
3 – Desire to get the task done
Sometimes a skilful aviator becomes used to "getting the job done" by acting slightly outside of the rule book when circumstances would indicate a more conservative approach. The commitment to getting the task done can be hazardous at times.
4 – Anxiety, over-confidence, boredom or complacency
Stress and anxiety can be caused by a large number of factors in our lives. Contrary to popular belief that all stress is negative, stress can either be good (Eustress) or bad (Distress).
Eustress can harness better performances and provide the incentive for aviation personnel to achieve the task, to train harder to improve their standards to become the best in their job.
Distress on the other hand, affects people by bogging them down, causing them to lose focus doing time critical tasks in their area of work leading to accidents.
These may manifest in the following manner:
Poor decision making Loss of situational awareness Making errors of judgement Becoming confused Unable to cope with increase in workload Absenteeism from work
In aviation, at all phases of flight, pilots are subjected to different amounts of stress; how they react when subjected to stress will ultimately make or break whether the outcome is a safe and successful flight. The image below depicts the different amount of workload and hence stress the pilot faces during the different phases of flight. Stress/ Workload is highest during the critical junctures of flight which are taking off and landing.
Pilot Stress During Flight
pilot stress chart - add alt text
Figure 3: Pilot Stress during a flight
Over-confidence is the human tendency to be more confident in one's behaviours, attributes and physical characteristics than one should be. In aviation, this can lead to complacency and poor decision making as the pilot can sometimes overrate his or her skills and as a result not give the situation enough respect.
5 – Long and short-term memory;
Short-term memory is the ability to remember and process a small amount of information (typically around 7 items or even less) for short period of time (typically from 10 to 15 seconds, or sometimes up to a minute), and acts as a kind of scratch-pad for temporary recall of the information which is being processed at any point in time and at the same time. Performance can be enhanced by repetition, known as rehearsal, and chunking. Performance of short-term memory has been shown to be almost error free. Chunking is the organisation of material into shorter meaningful groups to make them more manageable, for example, a hyphenated phone number, split into groups of 3 or 4 digits. Typically information is transferred from the short-term to the long-term memory within just a few seconds.
Long-term memory is intended for storage of information over a long period of time and is consolidated semantically (i.e. based on meaning and association). Despite our everyday impressions of forgetting, studies suggest that long-term memory actually decays very little over time, rather it just becomes increasingly difficult to access or retrieve certain items from memory.
6 – Memory limitations
Memory shortcomings can clearly affect decision making. Perceiving something incorrectly may mean that an incorrect decision is made, resulting in an inappropriate action.
Human memory is fallible, so that information
 - May not be stored
 - May be store incorrectly
 - May be difficult to retrieve
 - All these may be referred to as forgetting, which occurs when information is unavailable (or not stored in the first place) or inaccessible (cannot be retrieved). Information in short-term memory is particularly susceptible to interference (eg. trying to recall a telephone number while trying to remember a part number).
7 – Aides memoire and rules of thumb
It is generally better to use manuals and temporary memory aids rather than to rely upon memory, even in circumstances where the information to be remembered is relatively simple.
When operating an RPA, it is important to apply checklists and standard operating procedures rather than rely on memory to prevent and manage errors.
Regular performance of status checklists can improve situational awareness and help prioritise workload.
Emergency procedures and checklists can help manage errors when the RPAS enters an undesirable state before the problem escalates. They also help operators stay focussed on efficiently managing the task when pressure is high.
8 – Workload and overload
9 – Skill, experience and recency
Decision making is largely affected by skill and experience. Experience tends to arm us with very useful information when making decisions. Conversely, a lack of experience in certain situations can lead to stress which can negatively impact the decision-making process.
Skill, together with experience and currency is important as a pilot will be able to perform most tasks with a level of automation. This frees up capacity for the brain to perform other tasks or solve problems.
This article is from the free online
Drone Safety for Managers (UK)
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text:
Prevalence of HIV, female (% ages 15-24)
Definition: Prevalence of HIV is the percentage of people who are infected with HIV. Youth rates are as a percentage of the relevant age group.
Description: The map below shows how Prevalence of HIV, female (% ages 15-24) varies by country. The shade of the country corresponds to the magnitude of the indicator. The darker the shade, the higher the value. The country with the highest value in the world is Swaziland, with a value of 15.60. The country with the lowest value in the world is Japan, with a value of 0.10.
Source: UNAIDS and the WHO's Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic.


text:
Accession Number : AD0872856
Title : Theory of Intrinsically Strain Broadened Line Shapes for Magnetic Resonance Absorption Within a Non-Kramers Doublet.
Descriptive Note : Technical rept.,
Corporate Author : ARMY MISSILE RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING LAB REDSTONE ARSENAL AL PHY SICAL SCIENCES DIRECTORATE
Personal Author(s) : Bowden, C. M. ; Meyer, H. C. ; Donoho, P. L.
Report Date : 27 APR 1970
Pagination or Media Count : 58
Abstract : A theoretical model was calculated for the line shape of magnetic resonance absorption for transitions within a non-Kraers doublet for the point group symmetries C(3V) and O(h). This was done for both the acoustical paramagnetic resonance and the electron paramagnetic resonance line shapes. The asymmetric broadening of the absorption distribution is interpreted on the basis of the spin-lattice coupling. For the case of C(3V) symmetry, the calculation was done for both electric radio frequency field and magnetic radio frequency field induced transitions, the necessary condition for the former being a lack of inversion symmetry. (Author)
Descriptors : *MAGNETIC RESONANCE), (*CRYSTAL LATTICES, CRYSTAL DEFECTS, IMPURITIES, IONS, PHONONS, PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE, SYMMETRY(CRYSTALLOGRAPHY).
Subject Categories : Solid State Physics
Distribution Statement : APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE


Kate Monahan - January 29, 2021
Getting Rid of Vaginal Odor 101
Getting Rid of Vaginal Odor 101
I don't normally go around talking about how my vagina smells with just anyone, but learning that vaginal odor is completely normal can eliminate some of the crazy expectations we have about how our bodies should smell, look or feel. By discovering what's natural and what isn't, you can treat your body with grace and address issues if and when they arise.
Is Vaginal Odor Normal?
It's important to remember that all vaginas have natural odors that are unique to each woman. And unfamiliar smells are completely natural from time to time, even when you're doing everything right. These vaginal odors cross the threshold from "normal" to "maybe I should have this checked out" when they become particularly strong or last for a long time.
Most of the time, a healthy vagina's smell can be described as fleshy or musky, but this scent can change temporarily after sex. During your menstrual cycle, you've probably noticed more of a metallic smell. Additionally, changes in hormone levels, like during menopause or pregnancy, can alter the scent of your vagina.
A common myth about vaginas is that they require special hygiene—not true. Vaginas are extremely efficient! They naturally clean themselves to minimize unhealthy bacteria and maintain healthy pH levels. Usually, the evidence of this self-cleaning service comes in the form of discharge. To understand when something is wrong, you should become familiar with what your vagina looks, feels, and smells like when things are "normal." If you notice an extreme change in your vaginal scent, unusual discharge, irritation or itching, there could be something more going on.
How to Get Rid of Vaginal Odor
To prevent vaginal odor, you should:
Practice Proper Hygiene
You can eliminate a lot of undesirable odors by properly caring for your vaginal area. Helpful ways to do this are to:
 - Wipe your genitals with a washcloth between showers and after sex
 - Use water or gentle, fragrance-free soap to clean the vulva
 - Take showers after you sweat
 - Wash your underwear with unscented detergent
 - Change your underwear each day
 - Urinate after sex
 - Wipe from front to back
Probiotics For Your Vagina
Probiotics are a powerful tool for supporting your body's good bacteria. Since they help maintain your vagina's pH levels, they can help prevent certain vaginal infections that lead to vaginal odor, like Bacterial Vaginosis.
Boric Acid For Your Vagina
Boric acid is a trusted home remedy used to treat common vaginal imbalances, like odor from Bacterial Vaginosis, or itching from a Yeast Infection. Boric Acid has mild antiseptic and antifungal properties that start working immediately upon insertion.
Vaginal Boric Acid suppositories also contain probiotics (friendly bacteria), as well as the antioxidants Vitamin C and E to help replenish normal vaginal acidity and balance vaginal flora without the use of prescription medication.
While over-the-counter Boric Acid is not recommended as a solitary treatment for aggressive vaginal infections, it can aid in healing time when taken in conjunction with prescription Antifungals for Yeast Infections, or Antibiotics for Bacterial Vaginosis
Keeping Boric Acid on hand to use preventatively, especially following sex, is a great way to maintain your vaginal pH and to prevent chronic infections or recurrence of symptoms.
Give Yourself Some Breathing Room
Tight-fitting clothing can trap things like discharge, dead skin, sweat and even semen around your vagina. On top of that, a tight thong can encourage the spread of fecal matter to your vagina, resulting in odors and even infections. By embracing breathable, cotton clothing, you make it more difficult for these odor-inducing sources to build up.
Reduce Your Sugar and Increase Your Hydration
It turns out that sugar can also impact you below the waist, too. Sugary foods encourage yeast growth, causing strong vaginal odors. On the opposite side, drinking plenty of water prevents bacterial growth, which can result in a less intense vaginal smell.
What Causes Strong Vaginal Odors?
If you notice an intense and persistent odor coming from your vagina, it could be because of something a bit more serious, like:
Bacterial Vaginosis
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, bacterial vaginosis, or BV, is the most common vaginal condition for women between the ages of 15 and 44. Bacterial vaginosis is caused by certain bacteria overloading your vagina's natural bacterial balance, causing a strong fishy odor. Though the exact cause for this bacteria overload is still a mystery, bacterial vaginosis usually occurs in women that are sexually active. For a majority of women, the fishy odor is the telltale sign of this infection, but it can also be accompanied by other symptoms, like burning or itching.
At wisp, we offer a number of BV treatment options, including prescription meds and over the counter home remedies, to clear first-time and chronic bacterial vaginosis symptoms. To minimize your chances of dealing with BV, you should:
 - Practice safe sex and limit your sexual partners. Bacterial vaginosis isn't a sexually transmitted infection, but correctly using a condom each time you have sex can help you limit exposure to bacteria. Plus, having fewer partners can help you better manage your vagina's bacterial balance overall.
 - Avoid using flavored or scented products around or in your vagina. Using scented products, like perfumes or scented tampons, can lead to bacterial vaginosis because they actually alter your vagina's natural chemistry. Stick with unscented soaps and period products instead.
 - Stay away from douches. As we already went over, your vagina has got this whole cleaning thing down. She doesn't need any help, and douches can actually upset your vagina's already delicate pH balance.
Yeast Infections
The Office on Women's Health says that the majority of women experience a vaginal yeast infection at some point in their life. Your vagina can have low levels of yeast without you ever noticing, but when the microscopic fungus, Candida, overgrows, yeast infection symptoms can result in a sweet or even sour vaginal scent. Because it's caused by yeast, you might even find that your vagina smells like bread, flour or beer. This strong smell is usually accompanied by itching, burning or feelings of dryness. In some cases, vaginal discharge also changes to a consistency like cottage cheese.
Unlike bacterial vaginosis, you don't need antibiotics to treat a yeast infection. You can order antifungal meds from wisp to prevent and treat vaginal yeast infections, whether it's your first case or more of a chronic issue. Most of the same strategies for preventing bacterial vaginosis apply when reducing the chances of getting a yeast infection, but you can also:
 - Keep your genital area dry. Yeast thrives in moist environments, so it's helpful to dry yourself off after a shower or bath and change out of wet underwear or swimwear as soon as possible.
 - Avoid oral sex with a partner that has thrush. Thrush is an oral yeast infection that can be transferred through mouth-to-genital contact. If your partner has thrush, either avoid oral sex altogether or opt for a dental dam to protect your privates.
 - Use antibiotics only when necessary. Antibiotics are super helpful for killing bacteria, but sometimes even too helpful. Antibiotic use can result in the elimination of good vaginal bacteria, allowing vaginal yeast to thrive and grow. Be sure to consult your doctor if you're prone to yeast infections so they can help you monitor your antibiotics use.
Vaginal odor is normal and natural, but there are times when it can be uncomfortable or a sign of a more serious issue. If you feel like your vaginal scent is trying to tell you that something is wrong, try taking our symptoms quiz to get to the bottom of the issue and eliminate that funky feeling.


Analytic PSF Correction for Gravitational Flexion Studies
Дата и время публикации : 2013-08-28T14:31:22Z
Авторы публикации и институты :
Rebecca Sobel Levinson
Коментарии к cтатье: 46 pages, many figures, Accepted PASP
Первичная категория: astro-ph.CO
Все категории : astro-ph.CO
Краткий обзор статьи: Given a galaxy image, one cannot simply measure its flexion. An image's spin one and three shape properties, typically associated with F- and G-flexion, are actually complicated functions of the galaxy's intrinsic shape and the telescope's PSF, in addition to the lensing properties. The same is true for shear. In this work we create a completely analytic mapping from apparent measured galaxy flexions to gravitational flexions by (1) creating simple models for a lensed galaxy and for a PSF whose distortions are dominated by atmospheric smearing and optical aberrations, (2) convolving the two models, and (3) comparing the preand post-convolved flexion-like shape variations of the final image. For completeness, we do the same for shear. As expected, telescope astigmatism, coma, and trefoil can corrupt measurements of shear, F- flexion, and G-flexion, especially for small galaxies. We additionally find that PSF size dilutes the flexion signal more rapidly than the shear signal. Moreover, mixing between shears, flexions, and asymmetric aberrations can create additive offsets in lensing measurements that vary with both galaxy size and galaxy ellipticity and flexion values. But all is not lost; by measuring the patterns, we can correct for them.
Category: Physics


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What is Amino Terminus in Molecular Biology? PDF | Download eBooks
Learn Amino Terminus definition in molecular biology with explanation to study "What is Amino Terminus". Study amino terminus explanation with molecular biology terms to review molecular biology course for online degree programs.
Amino Terminus Definition
 - End of a polypeptide with a free amino group. end at which protein synthesis begins..
 Molecular Biology by Robert F. Weaver
Amino Terminus Explanation
Amino terminus or N-terminus is that end of a peptide or a protein primary structure, in which the amino acid residue is free (i.e., it is not part of a peptide bond). It is the end of the molecule, which terminates in a free amino group and the end at which protein synthesis is started.
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Activation region I is the region of CAP subunit that binds to the CTD (carboxyl-terminal domain) of the Escherichia Coli...
What is Anti-Anti σ-Factor?
Anti-Anti- σ-Factor is a protein that causes the release of the σ-factor, from the "anti-σ-factor-σ-factor" complex, by binding to the...


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Aspirant is a military rank in the Canadian Navy, Estonian Defence Forces, French military, Brazilian military, Italian Air Force, Romanian Navy and Polish Policja.
Canadian Navy[edit | edit source]
Similar to the French usage, the Canadian Navy uses the French-language rank of "Aspirant de marine" (AspM) to denote a junior officer under training. The same rank in the English language is referred to as "Naval Cadet" (NCdt). An aspirant de marine does not hold the Queen's commission and must either acquire a university degree or complete his first trades qualification to earn promotion.
Estonian Defence Forces[edit | edit source]
Junior Sergeant conscriptees having passed the Reserve Platoon Commander Course get ranked Aspirants meaning they will be given officer ranks(Ensign or Junior Liutenant) in case of mobilisation and war. Some Aspirants also get promoted during reserve war games.
French Army[edit | edit source]
An Officer Designate rank, it is used in the Armée de Terre (Army), the Armée de l'Air (Air Force), the Marine Nationale (Navy) and the Gendarmerie Nationale. Technically it is not a commissioned rank but it is still treated in all respects as one. Aspirants are either officers in training in military academies or voluntaries, serving as temporary officers. The aspirant must have been previously élève officier (Officer Cadet). He can afterwards be commissioned as a sous-lieutenant or enseigne de vaisseau de deuxième classe. His insignia is a single curl of gold lace, disrupted by "flashes" of wool. It was widely used during both World Wars for providing young educated people with an officer's authority.
Portuguese Armed Forces[edit | edit source]
Aspirante-a-oficial is the first rank in the officer corps, coming below Alferes in the army and air force and Guarda-Marinha (Naval School graduates) or Sub-tenente (temporary officers graduated from civilian universities) in the navy.
Romanian Navy[edit | edit source]
In the Romanian Navy, Aspirant is the lowest commissioned rank, equivalent to the rank of Ensign.
Norway[edit | edit source]
In Norway, the "Aspirant Course" is a three-year trainee programme for students intending to work for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, i.e. prospective diplomats.
Other uses[edit | edit source]
An aspirant is also a title for doctoral education candidates in the post-Soviet states. This educational step leads to a scientific degree called kandidat nauk.
The term is also used in reference to religious vocations as one who is discerning the religious life.
See also[edit | edit source]


When to avoid with-redefs
with-redefs is a handy clojure.core function to use when you want to redefine one or more vars temporarily (within a block) and you want these redefinitions to apply across thread boundaries
An alternative for doing something similar is with-bindings, and that is slightly different in that the new bindings are only seen within the context of the current thread. If for example, you use with-bindings on a var and the value of the var is referenced when doing a _URL_ operation say, then it is possible you won't see the temp binding, since map is lazy and may be executed in a different thread.
Also, with-bindings requires the rebound vars are dynamic.
So… with-redefs is generally a more powerful go-to tool than with-bindings?
No, with-bindings is more generally used on vars that are planned to get rebound, whereas with-redefs is intended when you want to change the way things normally work, for example when you're running a test and decide you don't really want to call an external system, and can use with-redefs to stub.
However, beware that with-redefs is not foolproof. Consider rebinding a function foo
(with-redefs [a.b.c/foo my-temp-fn]
 ... body that calls foo at some point, possibly from another thread)
Will the body here always see your temp binding?
Why not?
Well, interleaved threads is one situation.
Let's say this code is called from two threads and this is the order of events:
Thread A executes the with-redefs
Thread B executes the with-redefs
Thread A executes the body and exits the with-redefs block (thereby restoring the root binding of foo)
Thread B now executes the body and does not see the temp binding!!
The docs for with-redefs say this is handy for tests, which implies that if you want to change a var in non-test code, then alter-var-root (assuming it is done once, on startup) is the way to go.
However, there's nothing to stop you hitting an interleaving problem in tests unless you are running your tests serially and the with-redef wraps the test body. There isn't a with-redefs-visible-only-via-this-block or equivalent.
Use with-redefs cautiously. Remember this blog post when scratching your head about why some code is not seeing a temp binding.
Written on January 7, 2019


text:
Vol. 5, Issue 1 (2016)
Inhibition of calcium oxalate crystals growth by Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc, Phaseolus lunatus Linn, and Phaseolus vulgaris Linn: An in vitro study
Author(s): Salman Ahmed, Muhammad Mohtasheemul Hasan, Zafar Alam Mahmood
Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of the study is to explore all possible morphological features of calcium oxalate monohydrate and calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals and their habits in case of inhibition.rnMethods: The study was carried out on glass slide to observe the growth and inhibition of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals by using infusions (5-20%) of Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc, Phaseolus lunatus Linn. and Phaseolus vulgaris Linn. The reagents of double diffusion gel technique was used for this purpose. Results: Calcium oxalate crystals are divided into three types, calcium oxalate monohydrate, calcium oxalate dihydrate and calcium oxalate trihydrate. These types are further divided into sub types on the basis of their morphology. In case of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM), these crystals are donut, dumbbell, needles, platy, prismatic, rosette, round edges and X-shaped. Whereas, calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) are reported as the elongated large rods and tetragonal bipyramidal forms. In the present study dendritic or arborescent (tree like platy crystals) were observed for the first time as the part of a COM growth. Long chain loose agglomerates and compact aggregated crystals are the common pattern of calcium oxalate crystals. All tested infusions caused growth inhibition of calcium oxalate crystals. Smaller zones of nucleation and defected shape of the grown crystals; declare as different patterns of growth inhibition. Conclusion: This study gives an extensive information about morphology, aggregation and growth inhibition of calcium oxalate crystals.
How to cite this article:
Salman Ahmed, Muhammad Mohtasheemul Hasan, Zafar Alam Mahmood. Inhibition of calcium oxalate crystals growth by Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc, Phaseolus lunatus Linn, and Phaseolus vulgaris Linn: An in vitro study. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2016;5(1):124-130.


Project Info
Team Members
1 member with an unpublished profile.
Project Description
Solve water issues in drought areas by providing water supply solutions using rainfall data,terrain data and ground water solutions
Data Story
Solve water issues of drought areas by identifying the optimized cost effective water solutions by using AI algorithm to deploy water conservation solution for the drought areas
Team DataSets
This team does not currently have any datasets.
Challenge Entries
Innovative ways to be efficient with water
Innovative ideas about water efficiency. Climate change means that we will have more unpredictable weather. Some of Australia is in drought and some areas have plenty of water. That changes each year. Water efficiency was a focus around the millennium drought. We want new, innovative and untapped ideas on ways to be efficient with water use. These ideas could include how we use water, how we can save water, how we waste water, how everyone can make a difference in using water wisely, water rules and ideas on saving water for the future.
Go to Challenge | 26 teams have entered this challenge.


text:
Staff Photo: Jason Braverman Girl Scouts Kennedy Watson, from left, Leah Royes and Kaitlyn Hamlette, of troop 4525 in Snellville, draw signs to promote cookie sales.
Lemon-wedge cookies dusted with powdered sugar and filled with lemon zest flavor
The shortbread cookie
Oatmeal cookies with peanut butter filling
Vanilla cookies covered in caramel and toasted coconut, then striped with chocolate
Cookie topped with peanut butter then completely covered in chocolate
Thin wafer covered in a peppermint chocolate
1912 — On March 12, 1912, founder Juliette Gordon Low gathered 18 girls to register the first troop of American Girl Guides. It was renamed Girl Scouts the following year.
1920s — The first Girl Scout Troops on Foreign Soil were established in China, Mexico, Saudi Arabia and Syria for American girls living in other countries.
1930s — The first sale of commercially baked Girl Scout Cookies took place.
1940s — Girls collected 1.5 million articles of clothing that were then shipped overseas to children and adult victims of war.
1950s — The March 1952 issue of "Ebony" magazine reported, "Girl Scouts in the South are making steady progress toward breaking down racial taboos."
1960s — The social unrest of the 1960s was reflected in organization actions and Girl Scout program change, including introduction in 1963 of four program age–levels for girls: Brownie, Junior, Cadette and Senior Girl Scouts.
1970s — Girl Scouts contributed to a White House Conference on food, nutrition and health.
1980s — "The Contemporary Issues" series was developed in the 1980s to help girls and their families deal with serious social issues. The first, "Tune In to Well Being, Say No to Drugs," was introduced in collaboration with a project initiated by First Lady Nancy Reagan.
1990s — Girl Scouting experienced a renewed emphasis on physical fitness with the inauguration of a health and fitness national service project in 1994 and the GirlSports initiative in 1996.
2000s — Grants from Fortune 500 companies such as Lucent Technologies, Intel and Lockheed Martin supported science and technology exploration programs for girls.
2012 — Girl Scouts of the USA has declared 2012 the Year of the Girl: a celebration of girls, recognition of their leadership potential and a commitment to creating a coalition of like-minded organizations and individuals in support of balanced leadership in the workplace and in communities across the country.
SNELLVILLE -- It's that time of year. Across Gwinnett -- and the nation -- young girls dressed in green, brown, tan and blue vests are selling the famous Girl Scouts cookies by the boxes and they have a new cookie this year, the Savannah Smiles.
Haven't heard of it? It's the latest creation to celebrate the organization's 100th anniversary.
The girls from Troop No. 4525 in Snellville, just like millions of other girls, are bound and determined to sell their cookies to anyone who will buy a box for $3.50.
"This is exciting to me because I started out as a Girl Scout with my sister in Brooklyn, N.Y.," Troop Co-leader Qualena Odom-Royes said. "Now being able to share it with Leah (my daughter) and these other girls is exciting and wonderful."
The troop worked on posters to advertise their confectionery sweets and set individual sales goals for 2012.
With much childhood exuberance, Jocelyn Spencer, 8, decided on 81,000 boxes.
"I'm going to get everyone in my family to sell cookies," she said.
And she's not the only one aiming big. The other girls in the troop set goals in the hundreds.
"I'm going to try to raise 400 because I really want all of the prizes," Kennedy Watson, 8, said.
Girl Scout Cookies In Recipes
Try using Girl Scout Cookies as part of fun recipes
In addition to the usual cookies, Girl Scouts of the USA has introduced its latest creation, the Savannah Smiles, to commemorate its 100th year. These celebratory baked goods were created in honor of Girl Scouts founder Juliette Gordon Low's hometown of Savannah and are similar in taste to past customer favorites with bursts of lemon flavor.
The cookie is shaped like a wedge, covered in powered sugar and filled with lemon crisps.
"The Savannah Smiles is actually closer to the original cookies made for the Girl Scout sales. It was one of the first varieties out there," Troop Co-leader Adrienne Cole said.
The cookie is such a new addition to the Girl Scouts, the troops and their leaders haven't gotten to taste-test the lemon flavored treat.
"I really want to try the new cookie," Kaitlyn Hamlette, 6, said. "I like lemony stuff, so I really want to try it."
Ada Hamlette of Loganville, Kaitlyn's mother added, "Everyone is excited about the new cookie and they want to try them. They look like they'll be delicious."
To boost the Savannah Smiles' sales, Troop No. 4525 thought of a strategic marketing approach: Give out free samples while selling boxes around the county.
"I want to give a box of milk to everyone who eats a sample," Spencer said.
Cole chimed in, "Maybe we can get Kroger to donate some milk."
Your hips may be mad that you bought the cookies, but your heart won't feel the same. All of the proceeds from Girl Scouts of Greater Atlanta's fundraising activities, including the cookie drive, stay in the council to serve the girls and volunteers in many ways. The money delivers programs to 41,500 girl members in a 34-county territory, trains more than 18,000 adult member volunteers, provides approximately $52,000 in scholarships for higher education and so much more.
The Girls Scouts of the USA haven't started selling their cookies online yet, but could in the next few years. The organization recommends never buying Girl Scout Cookies on any sites, including Amazon, eBay and other auction or community sites. There is no guarantee of freshness or authenticity.
To keep up with a technological age, the organization is using its website to help buyers easily find troops to purchase from in the area. Starting Feb. 17, the public can use the Cookie Locator, a program set up to help locate girls selling in your neighborhood by entering your ZIP code. To use the locator, visit cookielocator.littlebrownie.com.
To learn more about the Girl Scout's 100th anniversary and the Savannah Smiles, visit _URL_.


function (numberToCheck) {
 return (numberToCheck > lowerBound)? true : false;
var numbers = [1, 15, 20, 4, 11, 9, 77, 102, 6];
var greaterThan7 = buildGreaterThanFunction(7);
var greaterThan15 = buildGreaterThanFunction(15);
numbers = filter(greaterThan7, numbers);
alert('Greater Than 7:'+ numbers);
numbers = filter(greaterThan15, numbers);
alert('Greater Than 15:'+ numbers);
i'm unsure, but can return (numberToCheck > lowerBound)? true : false; simply become return (numberToCheck > lowerBound); just trying to increase my understanding... – davidsleeps Jun 10 '09 at 4:15
I'd say anonymous functions in C# are equivalent of closures, not the other way around :) – vava Aug 23 '09 at 9:23
Closures and anonymous functions are separate, distinct concepts. That functions can be created without being named is having anonymous functions. That a variable in the 'creating' scope is linked with the created function is a closure. In short, a closure is more like a hidden global variable. – slebetman Jan 11 '10 at 13:52
That's true. Only when anonymous methods make use of a variable from the creating scope is it similar to a closure. I've updated the english on the answer. It still leaves something to be desired, but I'm at a lost for the correct english. – Tyler Jan 29 '10 at 18:01
I don't think this is the best or easiest to understand example of what a closure is. Just saying. The point of a closure is that even when a bunch of variables appear to 'go out of scope' they can still remain available to a function that was originally defined within that scope. In the above example, that means the lowerBound variable is still accessible by that inner, anonymous function even when the outer function, buildGreaterThanFunction, terminates. – thomasrutter Mar 18 '10 at 16:08
You can also extend (inherit) classes and override properties/methods using the prototype chain spoon16 alluded to.
In the following example we create a class Pet and define some properties. We also override the.toString() method inherited from Object.
After this we create a Dog class which extends Pet and overrides the.toString() method again changing it's behavior (polymorphism). In addition we add some other properties to the child class.
After this we check the inheritance chain to show off that Dog is still of type Dog, of type Pet, and of type Object.
// Defines a Pet class constructor
function Pet(name)
 this.getName = function() { return name; };
 this.setName = function(newName) { name = newName; };
// Adds the Pet.toString() function for all Pet objects
Pet.prototype.toString = function()
 return 'This pets name is:'+ this.getName();
// end of class Pet
// Define Dog class constructor (Dog : Pet)
function Dog(name, breed)
 // think Dog : base(name)
 Pet.call(this, name);
 this.getBreed = function() { return breed; };
// this makes Dog.prototype inherit from Pet.prototype
Dog.prototype = new Pet();
// Currently Pet.prototype.constructor
// points to Pet. We want our Dog instances'
// constructor to point to Dog.
Dog.prototype.constructor = Dog;
// Now we override Pet.prototype.toString
Dog.prototype.toString = function()
 return 'This dogs name is:'+ this.getName() +
 ', and its breed is:'+ this.getBreed();
// end of class Dog
var parrotty = new Pet('Parrotty the Parrot');
var dog = new Dog('Buddy', 'Great Dane');
// test the new toString()
// Testing instanceof (similar to the 'is' operator)
alert('Is dog instance of Dog?'+ (dog instanceof Dog)); //true
alert('Is dog instance of Pet?'+ (dog instanceof Pet)); //true
alert('Is dog instance of Object?'+ (dog instanceof Object)); //true
Both answers to this question were codes modified from a great MSDN article by Ray Djajadinata.
You may catch exceptions depending on their type. Quoted from MDC:
try {
 myroutine(); // may throw three exceptions
} catch (e if e instanceof TypeError) {
 // statements to handle TypeError exceptions
} catch (e if e instanceof RangeError) {
 // statements to handle RangeError exceptions
} catch (e if e instanceof EvalError) {
 // statements to handle EvalError exceptions
} catch (e) {
 // statements to handle any unspecified exceptions
NOTE: Conditional catch clauses are a Netscape (and hence Mozilla/Firefox) extension that is not part of the ECMAScript specification and hence cannot be relied upon except on particular browsers.
I couldn't help it: catch (me if youCan) – Ates Goral Jan 29 '09 at 5:24
Read the note from the MDC page you cited: conditional catch clauses are a Netscape (and hence Mozilla/Firefox) extension that is not part of the ECMAScript specification and hence cannot be relied upon except on particular browsers. – Jason S Sep 22 '09 at 23:38
Off the top of my head...
arguments.callee refers to the function that hosts the "arguments" variable, so it can be used to recurse anonymous functions:
var recurse = function() {
 if (condition) arguments.callee(); //calls recurse() again
That's useful if you want to do something like this:
//do something to all array items within an array recursively
myArray.forEach(function(item) {
 if (item instanceof Array) item.forEach(arguments.callee)
 else {/*...*/}
An interesting thing about object members: they can have any string as their names:
//these are normal object members
var obj = {
 a : function() {},
 b : function() {}
//but we can do this too
var rules = {
 ".layout.widget" : function(element) {},
 "a[href]" : function(element) {}
this snippet searches the page for elements that
match the CSS selectors and applies the respective function to them:
for (var item in rules) {
 var elements = document.querySelectorAll(rules[item]);
 for (var e, i = 0; e = elements[i++];) rules[item](e);
String.split can take regular expressions as parameters:
"hello world with spaces".split(/\s+/g);
//returns an array: ["hello", "world", "with", "spaces"]
String.replace can take a regular expression as a search parameter and a function as a replacement parameter:
var i = 1;
"foo bar baz ".replace(/\s+/g, function() {return i++});
//returns "foo1bar2baz3"
No. I'm pretty sure that Mosaic lacks most of them. – jsight Oct 1 '08 at 16:58
The javascript features, yes, they are implemented in all major browsers (IE6/7, FF2/3, Opera 9+, Safari2/3 and Chrome). document.querySelectorAll is not supported in all browsers yet (it's the W3C version of JQuery's $(), and Prototype's $$()) – Leo Oct 9 '08 at 3:33
arguments.callee is deprecated and will throw and exception in ECMAScript 5. – Hello71 Jan 10 '11 at 3:17
You can use objects instead of switches most of the time.
function getInnerText(o){
 return o === null? null : {
 string: o,
 array: o.map(getInnerText).join(""),
Update: if you're concerned about the cases evaluating in advance being inefficient (why are you worried about efficiency this early on in the design of the program??) then you can do something like this:
function getInnerText(o){
 return o === null? null : {
 string: function() { return o;},
 array: function() { return o.map(getInnerText).join(""); },
 object: function () { return getInnerText(o["childNodes"]; ) }
This is more onerous to type (or read) than either a switch or an object, but it preserves the benefits of using an object instead of a switch, detailed in the comments section below. This style also makes it more straightforward to spin this out into a proper "class" once it grows up enough.
update2: with proposed syntax extensions for ES.next, this becomes
let getInnerText = o -> ({
 string: o -> o,
 array: o -> o.map(getInnerText).join(""),
 object: o -> getInnerText(o["childNodes"])
}[ typeis o ] || (->null) )(o);
This is a very cool idea. – user55776 Jul 13 '09 at 0:21
That's how Python gets by without a switch statement. – outis Jul 23 '09 at 10:32
The problem is it always evaluates all cases. – Kornel Jan 2 '11 at 21:53
Be sure to use the hasOwnProperty method when iterating through an object's properties:
for (p in anObject) {
 if (anObject.hasOwnProperty(p)) {
 //Do stuff with p here
This is done so that you will only access the direct properties of anObject, and not use


Chapter 35: Normal Matrix
Transforms Example
Consider a simple transform matrix
If we take the cross product between two vectors, we get one result:
If we transform each by M, then take the cross product, we get something different (as expected):
What might not be expected is that if we apply the transform to the result of the first cross product, we get a different result:
This shows us that the result of a cross product transforms differently from a cross product. That's because that result is not a vector - it's a bivector.
Let's take a closer look. What do we get if we transform some vector by matrix?
Here is the th column of.
So what is the cross product of two vectors and after they are transformed?
The cross product is distributive over addition, so we can write:
Any vector crossed with itself is 0:
And cross products are anti-commutative (), so:
Okay, there's the formula for the cross product components on the left, but what about those cross products on the right?
Well we can write this in vector form like so:
Which shows us that we can rewrite this as matrix-vector multiplcation.
On the right is the result of the cross product between and. On the left is a matrix we can multiply the result by to get what we have gotten by transforming both vectors before crossing.
So what is this matrix on the left?
Well, first let's just point something out.
This follows from the formula for determinant - if you multiply everything out, it's the same quantity.
However, all other dot products are, e.g.:
This also follows from the multiplication:
This is interesting because it gives us:
Which, by the definition of matrix inverse, means that:
There we go - inverse transpose is how to transform the result of a cross product. We need to divide by the determinant as well, but since we always normalize, this only really matters for flipping normals.
Next, we will cover why exactly it is that the result of a cross product is this different entity that obeys different rules.