Today at ION GNSS+ 2016, NovAtel Inc. (NovAtel), the world's leading supplier of high precision OEM Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning technology, unveiled its new OEM7 positioning engine. Leveraging previous generations of precise positioning know-how, the OEM7 incorporates new innovative capabilities and features that significantly enhance GNSS-based positioning reliability, accuracy and availability.
The OEM7 family expands the receiver options open to system integrators, making it easier than ever to match customer application requirements to the optimal positioning solution. Five GNSS receiver cards are available, including the new OEM7600, the company's smallest, lightest dual-frequency receiver card ever developed. All cards have 555 available channels, are multi-constellation and multi-frequency and provide new advanced interference awareness and mitigation capabilities. Additionally, every OEM7 card can receive satellite-based TerraStar correction signals, making centimetre level positioning globally available. A new compact enclosure, the PwrPak7™, houses OEM7 receiver technology, plus offers 16 GB onboard data storage, built-in Wi-Fi and serial, USB, CAN and Ethernet for ease of integration.
A cornerstone of the OEM7 platform is the Interference Toolkit™. The Interference Toolkit is used to detect sources of interference and intentional and unintentional jamming, and then mitigates such occurrences using proprietary NovAtel filters. Integrators can take advantage of a spectrum analysis function that identifies which GNSS frequency is experiencing the interference. Further, it can also detect electromagnetic interference caused by other components in an integration project, allowing developers to implement the filter and eliminate the problem.
"As we see more complex positioning systems being developed, for autonomous vehicles for example, GNSS positioning accuracy and availability needs to be more reliable than ever," states Pat Fenton, VP Technology & Chief Technology Officer for NovAtel. "This means our technology must be able to not only identify when interference and jamming is occurring, but also address and eliminate instances of inaccurate or unavailable positioning. The OEM7 does this."
L-Band functionality on every OEM7 receiver enables satellite delivery of Precise Point Positioning (PPP) correction data directly to the receiver. Utilizing correction data from the TerraStar network, this satellite delivery method means centimetre level positioning is possible to a broader range of applications, particularly in more complex positioning environments where setting up a Real Time Kinematic (RTK) correction network may be difficult or impossible. With 80 ground reference stations, and triple system redundancies built in, TerraStar offers users at least two satellite beams, anywhere on the planet.
NovAtel's market leading SPAN® technology is supported on every OEM7 receiver, adding to the reliability of the positioning solution. SPAN tightly-couples NovAtel's GNSS technology with a number of available Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) to provide robust, continuous 3D positioning, velocity and attitude, even through periods of blocked or unavailable signal reception.
The NEW OEM7 GNSS Receiver Family


A Muse (은교)
A Muse (은교)
An age gap between lovers can make for incredible drama as the couple step outside preconceived notions of what is deemed socially acceptable in a relationship. The seminal film The Graduate (1967) is the most prominent in this regard which, while comical, also conveyed the ideological differences between generations. In Korea such themes have also played out, most notably in Kim Ki-young's exemplary 1960 classic The Housemaid (하녀), while more contemporary offerings have arrived in the form of Kim Ki-duk's The Bow (활) and Yang Ik-joon's Breathless (똥파리). While each film approaches the subject differently they all exhibit the conflict that arises between youth and maturity, attraction and repulsion, desire versus social acceptance.
A Muse (은교), directed by Jeong Ji-woo (정지우), provides a gently poetic, emotionally fraught, and symbolic take on the romantic theme, in keeping with his back-catalogue. The exploration of the relationship between the three central protagonists contains poignant depth, bolstered through an interrogation regarding the nature of age and talent. However, the film is also somewhat hampered by the casting of Park Hae-il as an old man, while the constant fetishization of Eun-gyo's body – rather than her mind and spirit – undermines the purity of their relationship.
As a poet and national icon, elderly Lee Jeok-yo (이적요, Park Hae-il (박해일) has enjoyed incredible success, even preparing for a museum to be constructed in his honor. Yet now is the time for his young apprentice Seo Ji-woo (서지우, Kim Moo-yeol (김무열) to shine as his new novel becomes an incredibly popular and rapid bestseller. However their lives, and their relationships, are drastically altered when a young girl named Han Eun-gyo (한은교, Kim Go-eun (김고은) visits their home, charming them both with her youthful vitality and curiosity.
17 year old Eun-gyo is a naturally charismatic young woman
17 year old Eun-gyo is a naturally charismatic young woman
While A Muse (은교) takes quite some time in establishing the life of poet Jeok-yo and that of his student Ji-woo, the inception of Eun-gyo – also the name of the original Korean title – distinctly elevates the film and gives it direction and purpose. Director Jeong Ji-woo (정지우) does an incredible job of constructing Eun-gyo as an intoxicating protagonist, a young woman whose youth, energy and curiosity are infectious and spellbinding. However, the most prominent form in conveying such devotion is through the fetishization of her body, featuring close-ups of her skin and various body parts, sexualizing Eun-gyo to the point of worship. With the knowledge that Park Hae-il portrays the elderly poet, such scenes are (despite the misogyny) tender and romantically sexual, yet had an actor of the correct age performed the role perversity would undoubtedly enter critical debate. Luckily Jeong Ji-woo also emphasizes the emotional and spiritual connections between the two, and that Jeok-yo desires Eun-gyo's youth, purity and innocence as much as her physique, as she is in turn attracted to his depth of character and devotion. Age may suggest otherwise but they are kindred spirits, and sequences in which they strengthen their bond are heartwarming and endearing, particularly during the soft-focus scenes where Jeok-yo imagines himself as a young man. Their relationship is in stark contrast to those involved with Ji-woo, who worships Jeok-yo as a respected surrogate father and idolizes Eun-gyo due to their similar ages and as someone who can heal his loneliness. The director is highly intelligent in constructing each relationship as distinctly different entities, evolving each subtly and with realism as jealousy and desire intermingle with love and affection. However as Ji-woo is certainly the less developed of the three he perhaps unfairly falls into a villainous category, rather than a conflicted young man.
Romance and personal connections inform the exploration of age within A Muse (은교) ,which is arguably the central concern of the narrative. The depth, symbolism and subtlety are eloquently conveyed as each protagonist gradually reveals their shortcomings seemingly ascribed through age. Jeok-yo, having lost his youth, uses Ji-woo and Eun-gyo as agencies through which to live again, contrasted with Ji-woo's competitive masculine nature and Eun-gyo's innocence and curiosity. What is fascinating throughout the narrative are the ways in which each protagonist views things differently and the ways in which they display emotion and respect, allowing audiences to genuinely understand them and their motivations. As such, when the film ends, the tragic fallacies and the impact of events linger and resonate long, long after the final credits.
Jeok-gyo and Eun-gyo share intimate moments
Jeok-gyo and Eun-gyo share intimate moments
Kim Go-eun (김고은) gives the stand out performance within A Muse (은교) as high schooler Eun-gyo and is enthralling. The actress inhabits the role completely, conveying innocence, curiosity and vitality with genuine charisma forcing audiences to adore her as much as the protagonists do. Kim Go-eun's charismatic performance is such that it is easy to forget her age and occupation, drawing spectators in with her enthusiasm and smile whilst also sympathizing with her as the unwitting catalyst in a love triangle. Passionate scenes are also sincere, and while the constant fetishization of her body occasionally undermines her character Kim Go-eun utilizes her physicality to convey a range of emotions depending on who she is with.
As always Park Hae-il (박해일) gives a highly competent performance as elderly poet Jeok-yo. His casting is odd but understandable given the sexual scenes and fetishization of his love interest's body, but it is difficult not to think that an older actor would have lent more credibility to the role. There are certainly a lot of actors of this age group in Korea that are incredibly talented, as Lee Chang-dong's sublime Poetryand Choo Chang-min's Late Blossom, highlighted. In any case, Park Hae-il portrays the stoicism and loneliness of Jeok-yo well, conveying the evolution of the character subtly and organically. However there are several occasions where the actor is clearly trying to act like a senior citizen to the detriment of the scene, distractions in an otherwise competent display.
Kim Moo-yeol (김무열), despite receiving the least amount of screen time, portrays the role of jealous young author Ji-woo competently. The driven and arrogant nature of the character is performed well, as is his complete lack of understanding in regards to the depth of both Jeok-yo and Eun-gyo. Ji-woo's love/hate relationship with them both is also interesting to watch unfold and is never contrived, resulting in a slow build of tension just waiting to erupt.
Eun-gyo also attracts the attention of prodigy Ji-woo
Eun-gyo also attracts the attention of prodigy Ji-woo
A film of great depth and symbolism, A Muse (은교) is an eloquent exploration of the nature of age, love, and relationships. While the fetishization of Eun-gyo's body tends to undermine the spiritual connection between her and Jeok-yo, with Park Hae-il's casting simultaneously helping to alleviate the sexualization as well as being an oddity, the film succeeds on the strengths of a wonderfully character driven narrative and a superb debut by actress Kim Go-eun. With the subtle, organic and romantic performances and directorial style, the themes explored within A Muse (은교) will undoubtedly resonate with audiences long after the finale.
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We Might Finally Know What's Been Stealing Earth's Continental Iron
Who's stealing all the iron from Earth's continents? D'July/Shutterstock
Robin Andrews 18 May 2018, 18:19
Iron, an element that helps to define our world, is sinking down away from Earth's continental crust. Exactly why has remained somewhat enigmatic, and a new paper by Rice University geoscientists presents a bold explanation as to what's been stealing it.
Controversially, they suggest geologists have been suffering from a case of mistaken identity for nearly half a century.
Billions of years ago, the incandescent, primitive Earth began to be compressed under its own gargantuan mass. This caused a spike in internal temperature – something boosted by the decay of radioactive materials – which pushed the metaphorical mercury above the melting point of iron.
Said element, as you'd expect, began to melt. These dense droplets began to sink slowly through the world and into its heart, where they condensed. Over time, this process sped up to the point where vast amounts of iron clumped together and formed the iron-rich core of the world.
The so-called "iron catastrophe" was a one-off event, but thanks to this dramatic geochemical robbery, iron is heavily depleted in Earth's surface realm, and vastly more concentrated at depth.
That wasn't the end, though: Iron depletion (and enrichment) just beneath our feet is still gradually happening in different parts of the world today. The specifics as to why, however, are up for debate.
Writing in Science Advances, the Rice team explain how they zeroed in on continental arcs, parts of the crust where two tectonic plates meet and the denser segment slips under (or subducts) beneath the less dense one.
Volcanoes that form along these arcs tend to contain magma and erupt lava that's depleted in iron relative to, say, oceanic crust or island arc geologies. The thicker the crust, the greater the iron depletion.
Magnetite: an imposter? Rob Lavinsky/Wikimedia Commons; CC BY-SA 3.0
For more than 40 years, it's been generally suspected that magnetite was to blame here. This is an oxygen-rich iron ore, one that was thought to be dragging the iron down through the subduction zone before it has a chance to erupt or solidify and form much of the new continental crust.
The team's analysis of some Arizona-sourced, rare xenoliths – "alien rocks" – dragged up from the deep roots of an ancient continental arc by long-gone volcanism suggested this might be wrong.
Serendipitously, these contained Europium, an element that can exist in a variety of oxidation states. These states indicate what the oxygen content of the environment at the time of formation was, and painstaking measurements revealed that they formed in low-oxygen conditions, something not really compatible with magnetite's properties.
These xenoliths also happened to contain plenty of garnet. Specifically, they contained almandine, an iron-rich variant that is more commonplace and easily formed at continental arc roots.
Finding that this tell-tale geochemical signature could be found globally, the team reasoned that almandine is formed during the high-temperature, high-pressure, oxygen-poor, water-rich conditions present in the very thick parts of these arcs, before settling out and sinking down away from the crust. Garnet, it seems, is the underworld's ferrous thief, not magnetite.
Remember, though that this is just a hypothesis, one of several. The researchers readily acknowledge that their idea, despite first appearing half a century ago in a speculative study, will come in for criticism, and their evidence at present is somewhat circumstantial.
Almandine, the true thief? Didier Descouens/Wikimedia Commons; CC BY-SA 4.0
Regardless of how game-changing this ultimately proves to be, it can't be understated how important this research actually is.
Iron is a planetary kingmaker. Thanks in part to the earlier "catastrophe", it's responsible for our planet's magnetic field. This subsequent continental iron removal process, whether driven by magnetite or garnet, is just as vital too.
"It would be a bit hard to predict what Earth would exactly look like, but without this garnet-based iron removal, Earth might not have the continents as we know them today," lead author Dr Ming Tang, a post-doc at Rice, told IFLScience.
Thanks to the abundance of oxygen-loving iron on the surface world, "Earth would be much more barren, perhaps more like Venus or Mars, and complicated life forms, including us, would not have existed."
Understanding iron's various journeys, then, isn't just a niche endeavor. It's as epic a quest as you're likely to find, one that, indirectly, has affected everyone and everything.
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Pricing in the sky
Many policy problems (from road congestion to water and electricity shortages) can be greatly improved through the proper application of a simple concept–pricing. In this USA Today article, Reason's Bob Poole explains how to apply pricing to air traffic control: By charging planes to use the most congested airports and airways, the system would give its customers economic incentives to reschedule flight times or choose less-congested airports without such charges. That easing of demand would provide breathing room to address the looming shortfalls in air-traffic-control capacity. All sorts of new technology can increase this capacity, both cross-country and on the approaches to airport runways. "Synthetic vision" systems can permit pilots to land at socked-in airports at nearly the same rate as in clear weather. So the air-traffic system need not break down just because Chicago has a bad-weather day. Other advanced technologies can reduce the size of the protective bubble needed around planes en route to keep them safely separated.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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The Great Debate UK
In his controversial book, "The Invention of the Jewish People," author Shlomo Sand challenges historical notions of the link between Judaism and Israel, and argues that there is no record of exile of the Jewish people.
Israel has deliberately forgotten its history and replaced it with a myth, writes Sand, a Jewish scholar and historian based at the University of Tel Aviv. Without exile, there is no right to return, he says.
"The disparity between what my research suggested about the history of the Jewish people and the way that history is commonly understood – not only within Israel but in the larger world – shocked me as much as it shocked my readers."
Early Rabbis and 19th century Zionist Scholars were responsible for the construction of a continuous genealogy for the Jewish people, Sand argues. He attributes the Jewish diaspora to early Judaist evangelism across North Africa, Southern Europe and the Middle East, not a biological lineage.


Readers ask: How To Set Up A Snack Machine To Accept Tokens?
How do vending machines accept money?
How does a token machine work?
Token machines may dispense the ticket in the form of a token which has the same function as a paper or electronic ticket. The typical transaction consists of a user using the display interface to select the type and quantity of tickets and then choosing a payment method of either cash, credit/debit card or smartcard.
How do vending machines know what coin you put in?
" Vending machines use light sensors to measure the size of a coin and electromagnets to detect the metal type to determine what kind of coin it is," Chan writes. "If you 're not shaped like a quarter and built like a quarter, you ain't a quarter in their book."
How do you use a snack vending machine?
Put your hands on the sides of the vending machine and grip it firmly. Push the machine slightly to one side and then let it drop. Anything that's loose or stuck should drop down to the bottom. If you can't move the machine with your hands, try standing on one side of the machine and pushing your body weight into it.
You might be interested: FAQ: What Is A Heart Healty Crunchy Snack?
Can vending machines detect fake money?
Good quality fake bills can closely resemble the real ones and the electronic sensors on slot machines may not be able to catch the difference. Some vending machines use ultraviolet scanners to measure the glow from a bill to verify it is real. Real currency bills are also printed using magnetic ink.
How do you trick a bill acceptor?
This usually involves attaching a mylar tail to the bill. I have seen lots of these over the years. Sometimes only a small strip of the original bill is used, and other times the bill has strategic cuts placed in it to cheat the acceptor. Then the bill is retrieved by the theif by pulling on the tail.
How do automatic ticket vending machines work in train stations?
Automatic Ticket Vending Machine (ATVM) was introduced by Indian Railways to reduce passengers queuing up at the Ticket counters at the Railway Stations. ATVMs are touch screen based ticketing kiosks operated using Smart cards. The passenger can purchase and recharge the Smart cards from nominated ticket counters.
Do self checkouts detect fake money?
Yes. The scanner that checks the value of the bill note does that.
Does the coin and string trick work?
What is the problem with vending machines?
Stuck items are among some of the most common vending machine issues. Selections can get stuck on their way to the bottom of the machine, which is not only terribly frustrating for the purchaser, but can cause them to not want to use a machine again.
You might be interested: How To Make A Homemade Wasabi Seaweed Snack Like Ocean's Halo Recipe?
Can you trick a vending machine?
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Filed under: Fun n Games, Science/Technology | Tags: Building Stuff With Lego, lego robot, science models
(click to enlarge)
Those wonderful little blocks do more and more. Max Shepherd, a biomedical engineering major built a robotic Lego arm that mimics a human arm and hand's range of motion. He has been building Lego models since he was 10 years old. His Lego limb can flex and spread its fingers, curl its thumb, make a fist, rotate its wrist, and if desired— flip people off.
This article from Wired has sixteen fascinating science models; things undreamed of when you were ten years old. So if your kid gets all wrapped-up in making models from his Lego blocks, it may be more than just a game — it may be a fabulous future career.
Just don't leave them on the floor. It really hurts when you step on a block in your bare feet.


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See also Assessing Measures of Energy Efficiency Performance and Their Application in Industry - Executive Summary - Russian Version
Energy efficiency improvement is a basic, yet significant, way of addressing both energy security and environment concerns. There are various measures of industrial energy efficiency performance, with different purposes and applications. This paper explores different measures of energy efficiency performance (hereafter referred to as "MEEP"): absolute energy consumption, energy intensity, diffusion of specific energy-saving technology and thermal efficiency. It discusses their advantages and disadvantages and their roles within policy frameworks.


Australia is in the midst of its worst drought for 100 years. Grain crops are significantly reduced and cattle farmers are having to downsize or give up altogether. The drought is estimated to be costing Australia A$5bn a year in lost agriculture revenue, reducing the country's economy by 1% each year. And beyond short-term survival concerns, the agricultural industry is also concerned about damage to Australia's food export reputation. David Robertson reports.


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Introduction to Wireless Localization: With iPhone SDK Examples
May 2012, Wiley-IEEE Press
This book provides a comprehensive overview of the entire landscape of both outdoor and indoor wireless positioning, and guides the reader step by step in the implementation of wireless positioning applications on the iPhone. Explanations of fundamental positioning techniques are given throughout the text, along with many programming examples, providing the reader with an independent, practical, and enjoyable learning of the material while gaining a real feel for the subject.
- Provides an accessible introduction to positioning technologies such as Global Positioning System and Wi-Fi positioning
- Presents hands-on skills to iOS 5.0 programming for location-aware applications
- Gives a thorough grounding in signal propagation, line-of-sight and interference effects for accurate positioning
- Covers the location-aware video streaming and conferencing with practical iPhone application examples
- Accompanied by a website containing programming code described in the text and lecture presentation slides for instructors
This book is primarily intended for anyone who wants to study wireless localization. It is an ideal textbook for graduate students who are first learning localization techniques, as well as advanced undergraduates in computer science interested in translating localization concepts into real code. Professionals, engineers and researchers working in location-aware services and related techniques using mobile positioning and AI technologies will find this book to be a helpful reference.
Companion website for the book:


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Composite Piezoelectric Transducer
Application ID: 503
This example shows how to set up a piezoelectric transducer problem following the work of Y. Kagawa and T. Yamabuchi.
The composite piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer has a cylindrical geometry that consists of a piezoceramic layer, two aluminum layers, and two adhesive layers. The system applies an AC potential on the electrode surfaces of both sides of the piezoceramic layer.
The goal is to compute the admittance for a frequency range around the four lowest eigenfrequencies of the structure.
This is a benchmark model for ultrasonic transducer simulation but also a good starting point for simulations of SAW and BAW filters.
This model is included as an example in the following products:MEMS Module
however additional products may be needed to reproduce it. This example may be created and run using components from the following product combinations:
- COMSOL Multiphysics® and
- either the Acoustics Module, MEMS Module, or Structural Mechanics Module and
- either the AC/DC Module, MEMS Module, Plasma Module, or Semiconductor Module
The combination of COMSOL® products required to model your application depends on several factors and may include boundary conditions, material properties, physics interfaces, and part libraries. Particular functionality may be common to several products. To determine the right combination of products for your modeling needs, review the Specification Chart and make use of a free evaluation license. The COMSOL Sales and Support teams are available for answering any questions you may have regarding this.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


- By
 - Peter Landers
Supreme Court justices seemed pretty sure Tuesday that they knew how to interpret the meaning of the word "interpreter," signaling they are likely to rule in favor of a former Japanese baseball player in a case involving translation costs.
Kouichi Taniguchi, a Japanese citizen, brought the suit in 2008 after falling through a deck at a hotel in Saipan, a U.S. territory. When he lost, the hotel tried to make him pay the $5,257.20 cost of translating written documents such as medical records, even though U.S. law says only that the winner in such cases can recoup costs of "interpreters" and "interpretation services." (Read our preview here.)
At arguments Tuesday, justices kept returning to the literal meaning of "interpretation," which most dictionaries define mainly as the rendering of oral remarks into another language. Justice Samuel Alito said he doubted that even 2% of uses of "interpreter" could be interpreted as referring to the translation of written documents.
Justice Antonin Scalia said translations of literary works such as "War and Peace" may credit the translator with words such as "John Smith, trans." but never "John Smith, int."
Justice Scalia drew laughter when he offered a suggestion to explain why lower courts have sometimes allowed the billing of translation costs. "Stupidity, madam, sheer stupidity," Justice Scalia said, quoting 18th-century author Samuel Johnson.
Justice Elena Kagan conceded that a language expert's role might be ambiguous in some cases, such as when the expert is shown a document in court and asked to read a translation aloud. But she called them "marginal" cases and said, "The fact that there are some few minutes in every 24-hour period where it's hard to say that something is night or day does not mean that there is no night and that there is not day."
The lead lawyers arguing Taniguchi's side had never met their client and appeared to view the case more as an intellectual pursuit than a way to rack up fees. Douglas Cushnie, a Saipan lawyer who initially took the case and did meet Mr. Taniguchi, declined to discuss what he was being paid, but said in a brief interview, "It's an issue that should be resolved and we decided to try to resolve it."
Interpreting the leanings of Supreme Court justices based on oral arguments is a risky business, but Tuesday's case left little doubt that the justices were prepared to translate Taniguchi's wish to save about $5,000 into reality. A decision is expected by July.
For those wishing to draw their own interpretation, the full transcript of Tuesday's court session is available here.


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BERKELEY LAKE - The term "summer camp" usually conjures images of outdoor play and physical activity.
However, these assumptions are false when it comes to Camp Invention, a summer day camp focused on hands-on education.
The nationally acclaimed camp is a weeklong program for rising firstthrough sixth-graders that combines science and creativity to open up kids' minds and broaden their horizons.
Camp Invention uses hands-on activities that teach kids to use their imaginations to invent solutions to problems.
The camp consists of five modules to help accomplish this feat. These modules, or classes, encourage kids to take apart used appliances, and then recycle the different parts to create something new.
Each module focuses on something different, and the focus ranges from transportation to alien invasion.
The unique idea for Camp Invention was developed by the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 1990. The camp began as a summer program taking place in two elementary schools, but has since grown to reach more than 800 schools in 46 states.
In Georgia, Camp Invention takes place at several elementary schools throughout the summer.
At Berkeley Lake Elementary School, students and staff Friday finished a successful week at Camp Invention.
Director Kathy Bentley said the camp concentrates on bringing the participants creative, problem-solving experiences that don't involve homework, tests or worksheets.
"The kids think of things in different ways here," Bentley said. "They have fun with the hands-on activities."
In the "Wild Blue Y'Under" module, campers created different modes of transportation.
Sixth-grader Parker Cutler, and her team, the "Motorgirlz," were trying to invent a rolling car that would be faster than the other team's creations.
To make their car, the girls and their fellow campers were using supplies from a large table of appliance parts.
"We get to use our imagination for these projects," Cutler said.
Cutler's friend, fifth-grader Hayley Williams, agreed.
"You can create anything you want," Williams said. "There are no limits."
The Motorgirlz collectively decided heavier cars rolled faster, so were determined to create a heavy, unique car.
"The teacher gives you a general idea about the project," Cutler said. "But you get to make whatever you want."
Just down the hall, in the "I Can Invent Module," third-grader Olivia Johnson was surrounded by appliance parts as she concentrated on creating a robot.
"I want to make a robot that can cook," Johnson said. "So he can help my mom cook when she is too tired."
Johnson was using the cover pieces from a portable CD player for the robot's head, and the case of a graphic calculator as one of the robot's arms.
Johnson said her favorite part of camp is taking appliances apart.
"You get to see things you never knew about," Johnson said.
Third-grader Blake Davis was also working hard on his own invention. Davis was trying to create a shocking device.
Camp Invention has stringent safety regulations, so none of the supplies Davis used in his device carry an electric charge.
However, Davis used his imagination to overcome his creation's physical short comings.
"This is to shock annoying people," Davis said, as he described his invention.
At Camp Invention, participants also get a taste of forensic science as they investigate a pretend crime scene.
In the "Solve It" Module, campers are encouraged to be detectives and discover who stole an inventor's log.
"The kids get really serious and are very observant," Bentley said. "They focus on putting information together."
Jack Kraus, a second-grader, said the crime scene investigation was his favorite part of Camp Invention.
"I like finding out different clues," Kraus said.
With it's unique approach, it's no surprise Camp Invention continues to grow and attract more campers.
"The program appeals to a wide range of kids," Bentley said. "Everyone can be successful at Camp Invention."
Most people don't expect summer camp to be a haven of knowledge and scientific discovery. But then again, most people don't usually expect science and learning to be so much fun.
When asked about her favorite part of Camp Invention, fifth-grader Sarah Krix couldn't decide.
"I can't choose," Krix said. "It's all fun and I like everything about it."
Camp Invention is clearly breaking the mold for both science and summer camps alike.
Todd Bentley, a staff member at Camp Invention, said he loves seeing the kids be inventive and create new things.
When asked to describe Camp Invention, Todd Bentley smiled and said, "It's educational fun in disguise."


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Only 17 when the Nazis invaded his native Holland, Loet Velmans and his family escaped to London in 1940. From there they settled in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia), where Velmans was drafted into the Dutch army just before the Japanese captured the archipelago. For three and a half years he toiled in slave-labor camps building the railway made famous by The Bridge on the River Kwai, surviving malaria, dysentery, malnutrition, and unspeakable abuses that killed some 200,000 of his fellow laborers. Velmans returned to that place six decades later—an emotional pilgrimage that inspired this concise and frank account of his experiences and his later encounters with the Japanese in his business career.
"I was moved and fascinated by this well-remembered and impeccably written memoir."—Simon Winchester
"What makes Long Way Back to the River Kwai stand out in the endless stream of war reminiscences is an attempt to come to terms with the Japanese.... This candid, understated book is a useful contribution to our understanding of an essential truth."—Washington Post


— Published 11 January 2021
Olympic champion and centenary
Superb. Hungarian Ágnes Keleti, the oldest living Olympic champion, celebrated her 100th birthday on Saturday 9 January. With a total of ten medals, including five gold, won at the Olympic Games in Helsinki 1952 and Melbourne 1956, the former gymnast is also the most successful Olympian in her country. Only three fencers (Aladár Gerevich, Pál Kovács and Rudolf Kárpáti) have won more Olympic gold medals for Hungary. At the Melbourne Games in 1956, she won four gold medals at the age of 35, becoming the oldest female gymnast to win an Olympic title. Born Ágnes Klein, the Hungarian started gymnastics at the age of four at VAC sports club, the only Jewish club in Budapest. At 16, she won her first national title. She should have participated in the 1940 Olympics, which were to be held in Tokyo, but the global conflict ended her chances. In 1941, while Hungary fought alongside Germany and Italy, Ágnes Keleti was expelled from her gymnastics club because she was Jewish and forced into hiding with her family in the countryside. She survived after taking on a false identity and working as a housekeeper. When the Nazis occupied Hungary, she married her gym buddy, István Sárkány, believing she would be less likely to be sent to a labor camp. His family found refuge in a "Swedish House" managed by Raoul Wallenberg. After the War, she found a job as a fur worker and was a demonstrator at the gymnastics faculty of the Budapest School of Physical Culture. She was also an accomplished cellist and performed professionally. In 1947, she won her first gymnastics championship in Central Europe. After the 1956 Melbourne Games, she remained in Australia, where she was granted political asylum after the Soviet Union invaded Hungary during the event. She eventually emigrated to Israel, where she remarried and had two children. She taught physical education at the Orde Wingate Institute, then became a coach of the Israeli women's gymnastics team. Ágnes Keleti celebrated his 100th birthday in his hometown of Budapest. "I love life", she says. "Health is the essence of everything. Without it, there is nothing".


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Issue with the PriorityArray and multiple BACnet objects of the same type
I have recently discovered that if you were to create two objects of the same type which have a priority array (e.g. BV), if you set the Priority at index 3 in BV1, it will also set it in BV2. This happens because in ObjectProperties.java, the static add() function creates a new PriorityArray instance which is then passed into all objects of the same type when they are created. This means the same PriorityArray object is used and passed into all BV instances when they are created.
The solution to this is to after creating your BACnet object (AO, AV, BO, BV etc), call the setProperty() function, and create a new PriorityArray instance;
BACnetObject bv1 = new BACnetObject(.....);
bv1.setProperty(PropertyIdentifier.priorityArray, new PriorityArray());


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Bone Tree (3.5e Environment)
From D&D Wiki
This environment is typically a forest, an evil, skeleton-filled, dangerous forest with flesh craving trees. The wood from these trees is highly sought after by necromancers, death-cults, sentient undead, and others who deal with death on a regular basis. Surprisingly, the tree loses all true-evil connotations once it is cut down and the stump is destroyed; this means that the wood can be used by anyone. See below for bone wood crafts.
 Bone Tree
A bone tree is the result of a seed being infused with necromantic energy either deliberately, as the result of some traumatic event, or from the seed of a greater bone tree. If it is deliberately made the creator must have a hefty supply of bones on hand to feed the tree as it grows. Most non-deliberate bone trees grow in soil that has been drenched in the blood from a massive battle where the bodies were left to rot and the bones eventually became part of the earth.
- Bone Seeds are hefty balls about the size of a coconut that sprout into a bone tree. Lesser bone tree status is achieved within 6 months of sprouting. Greater Bone tree status is achieved in 50 years
- Lesser: Undead within 30' gain a +2 Profane bonus vs turn attempts, corporeal undead gain fast healing 1. Animates anything dead within 50' into a skeleton within 1d4 hours. These effects do not stack no matter how many trees are together.
- Greater: Same as lesser plus the following - anything dead within 30' of the tree is animated as a skeleton in 1d4 rounds. Corporeal Undead within 50' gain a +1 Profane bonus to attack and damage when doing unarmed/natural attacks. Fast healing is increased to 5
Any species of tree can be a bone tree as long as it was affected by one of the processes described above. Some trees have no outward appearance betraying their status (the bones are around the roots or deep within the trunk), most have obvious bits of bone sticking from the bark, the most profane trees seem to be sheathed in a bony coating. Bone trees that grow from the seed of a greater bone tree resemble the original tree but with a malignant, evil twist to the orignal form.
 Bone Tree Skeletons
The first thing a skeleton does when created by a Bone Tree is tear any flesh left on its body and place it around the trees roots as fertilizer. Skeletons created by Bone Trees typically stay within 300' of the tree and retreat to the tree for healing if injured. When not defending the tree from a threat, the skeletons tend to the tree and maintain the grounds around it. Part of this maintenance is that the skeleton brings any fragments of bone it can find to the tree for integration into the tree. The trees skeletons are also responsible for the spread of the bone tree forest and they do this by taking bone seeds out 40 to 60 feet away from the tree for planting. Most trees only maintain a force of 10 to 20 skeletons, more useful skeletons are kept and other skeletons are integrated into the tree.
 Bone Wood Crafts
Some versions of the crepitus crutch are created using wood and bone from bone trees. Crepitus crutches made completely from materials gathered from a bone tree grant their created skeletons a +2 profane bonus versus turn attempts.
It is possible that the profane bone or wood from a Bone Wood Tree is useable in other crafted items. This would be at the DM's discretion.
 The Forest
A bone tree forest is a thing of beauty, the skeletal minions of the trees keep the grounds around their tree in pristine condition. The trees, while not truly intelligent, seem to be aware that a pleasant environment is more likely to attract good-aligned intelligent species. To this end, when the skeletons are not actively working they are directed to hide from sight however possible. They typically hide either in nearby large trees, ready to leap down on unsuspecting victims, or buried in the ground ready to rise up on unsuspecting victims.
You can generally assume that no tree is within 50 feet of each other and calculate how many trees can be in any one forest based on this assumption.


The do's and don'ts when architecting a cloud-native data lake
The do's and don'ts when architecting a cloud native-data lake
The cloud community still is on the fence about data lakes. On the one hand one could argue it's a fancy word for something that has existed since humans started using computers. On the other hand, with the advent of Cloud computing, it is finally possible to store, distribute and process (or mine) unstructured data in a safe, governable way that can actually create business value. So when should a Cloud-native data lake be considered, and how can you make it work?
On the fence about data lakes
From a business perspective, cloud-native data lakes can be tricky. In the recent past, large enterprises have attempted to connect and mine (old) datasets with the expectation to gain new insights and ultimately create value. Too often, such projects are guided by a misconception of what 'Big Data' is or can do for an organization. Up until this day the internet continues to be littered with promises about AI, machine learning and the secrets that can be unlocked with these technologies in datasets. And while there are many examples of successful cloud-native data lake deployments that add value, the opposite is also true. As was pointed out during the CAA Cloud-native data lake event, senior leadership on occasion becomes enamored by the (real or imagined) possibilities of data, requiring IT to make it happen. Unfortunately, there is a real risk of a waste of time, resources and goodwill.
The challenge for the Cloud Architect
The Cloud Architect thus faces an interesting challenge. He or she needs to be able to make or unmake the case for a Cloud-native data lake, depending on the feasibility of such a project. If there is sufficient ground for architecting a Cloud-native data lake, he or she of course needs to know how to do it. There are numerous variables to take into account that will eventually make a Cloud-native data lake add value for the organization while avoiding the operational and Governance, Risk and Compliance risks that accompany it.
How then should the business case for a cloud-native data lake take shape? We could probably write a book about this (and maybe will someday), but these are the 5 questions a Cloud Architect needs to consider from a business and operational perspective when planning a Cloud-native data lake:
 1. Is there a business oriented problem that can be solved with acquirable data?
 2. Is there sufficient scale in the data sets, is there enough data to justify the required resources?
 3. Does the eventual solution touch the core business?
 4. Are the right tools available, do business owners and the team understand there needs to be a code base instead of a webportal or GUI?
 5. Is there a team that knows what to do and can autonomously engineer the data lake, with limited oversight?
Getting these things right will make the difference between a misguided approach and getting the desired results. Those results in turn are highly dependent on the way the data lake is architected.
How a cloud-native data lake can add business value
A useful perspective on architecting a data lake is how the data in the lake should be made available to consumers of this data. Given the fact the data lake holds unstructured data, consumers will have to know which is what, and whether they have access. To see how this would work in practice, it is useful to use an example.
Consider a data lake that holds data sets on mortgages and relevant variables, spanning about two decades. As one can imagine, an institution that is in the business of providing mortgages wants to know how many mortgage holders historically default on them, what the average returns on these mortgages are and will also want to know how mortgage defaults relate to historical interest rates and the historical health of the overall economy in a given country. The data involved has its origin in different data sets, and some of the data is probably privacy sensitive. Also, the data can be sensitive in a competitive sense, justifying tight controls of who has access.
Given the age of the data sets, its highly probable compatibility issues will arise when pushing this data into the data lake. These type of issues can take a lot of time to mitigate, unless an unified data model is issued that is able to assign metadata in a consistent way and making the data available through a publisher-subscriber model. This will also help to control access, and enable teams to discover data without extracting data from the data lake. It is advisable to create an automated workflow which offers a potential subscriber a sample from a data lake, giving him the opportunity to decide whether the data in the lake is useful to him. This workflow will need to automatically provide or deny access based on predefined rules, such as clearances for specific types of data. In this way, the use of this data can be aligned with organizational goals, creating real business value.
Make a data lake work for you
All in all, the Cloud-native data lake requires a lot of thought, from its conception to its actual use. And even though there is some (contextually justified) skepticism about data lakes, with the right business case and right architecture, innovation can be accelerated with a thoroughly automated data lake.
How to build a cloud-native data lake & annual Election Night – January 30th, 2020
how to build a cloud-native data lake
During this session we talked about what it takes to rearchitect a data lake using cloud-native architecture patterns. We discussed the pros and cons of the different solutions and learned from companies who are already running in production. And that was not all! During this night, the annual CAA Election Night also took place.
Topics covered during this event on the 30th of January:
 - Building your data lake in a cloud-native manner
 - Award show
 - Data pub-sub and metadata is key: two customer cases have been discussed


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This article includes a list of references, related reading or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. (January 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Waulking songs (Scots Gaelic: Òrain Luaidh) are Scottish folk songs, traditionally sung in the Gaelic language by women while fulling (waulking) cloth. This practice involved a group of women rhythmically beating newly woven tweed against a table or similar surface to soften it. Simple, beat-driven songs were used to accompany the work.
A waulking session often begins with slow-paced songs, with the tempo increasing as the cloth becomes softer. As the singers work the cloth, they gradually shift it to the left so as to work it thoroughly. A tradition holds that moving the cloth anticlockwise is unlucky.
Typically one person sings the verse, while the others join in the chorus. As with many folk music forms, the lyrics of waulking songs are not always strictly adhered to. Singers might add or leave out verses depending on the particular length and size of tweed being waulked. Verses from one song might appear in another, and at times the lead singer might improvise to include events or people known locally. The chorus to many waulking songs consists of meaningless vocables, serving a function similar to 'tra la la' or 'hey hey hey' in other song forms. Some waulking songs have a strict verse-and-chorus structure. In other songs, the vocables are sung at the end of each line of a verse. In a song like 'S Fliuch an Oidhche ('Wet is the Night'), also known as Coisich a Rùin ('Come on, My Love'), the last two lines of one verse become the first two lines of the following one. A tradition holds that it is bad luck to repeat a song during a waulking session, which may explain in part both the many verses of some songs and the large number of songs.
While fulling is a common practice across the world, it is only in Scotland that music became so strongly associated with it as to become an important cultural feature of the country. Waulking is rare in Scotland today, mostly confined to the Outer Hebrides, where it is carried out as a celebration of heritage. The last true waulking (for the purpose of making cloth) is believed to have occurred during the 1950s.
During the Highland clearances, traditional methods of waulking spread with the Scottish diaspora. In Nova Scotia, and in particular on Cape Breton Island, waulking is known as milling. Although in Scotland women waulked cloth, in Nova Scotia both men and women took part in milling frolics. The practice continues as a cultural celebration today.


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The nursing profession remains overwhelmingly female, but the representation of men has increased as the demand for nurses has grown over the last several decades, according to a U.S. Census Bureau study released yesterday.
The new study shows the proportion of male registered nurses has more than tripled since 1970, from 2.7 percent to 9.6 percent, and the proportion of male licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses has more than doubled from 3.9 percent to 8.1 percent.
The study, Men in Nursing Occupations, presents data from the 2011 American Community Survey to analyze the percentage of men in each of the detailed nursing occupations: registered nurse, nurse anesthetist, nurse practitioner, and licensed practical and licensed vocational nurse. The study also provide estimates on a wide range of characteristics of men and women in nursing occupations. These include employment status, age, race, Hispanic origin, citizenship, educational attainment, work hours, time of departure to work, median earnings, industry and class of worker.
"The aging of our population has fueled an increasing demand for long-term care and end-of-life services," said the report's author, Liana Christin Landivar, a sociologist in the Census Bureau's Industry and Occupation Statistics Branch. "A predicted shortage has led to recruiting and retraining efforts to increase the pool of nurses. These efforts have included recruiting men into nursing."
Men typically outearn women in nursing fields but not by as much as they do across all occupations. For example, women working as nurses full time, year-round earned 91 cents for every dollar male nurses earned; in contrast, women earned 77 cents to the dollar men earned across all occupations.
Because the demand for skilled nursing care is so high, nurses have very low unemployment rates. Unemployment was lowest among nurse practitioners and nurse anesthetists (about 0.8 percent for both). For registered nurses and licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses, these rates were a bit higher, but still very low, at 1.8 percent and 4.3 percent, respectively.
* There were 3.5 million employed nurses in 2011, about 3.2 million of whom were female and 330,000 male.
* Of the employed nurses (both sexes), 78 percent were registered nurses, 19 percent were licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses, 3 percent were nurse practitioners, and 1 percent were nurse anesthetists.
* While most registered nurses (both sexes) left home for work between 5am and 11:59am (72 percent), a sizable minority (19 percent) worked the evening or night shifts.
* The majority of registered nurses (both sexes) worked in hospitals (64 percent). The majority of licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses worked in nursing care facilities or hospitals (about 30 percent each). The percentages for hospitals and nursing care facilities are not significantly different from each other.
* In 2011, 9 percent of all nurses were men while 91 percent were women. Men earned, on average, $60,700 per year, while women earned $51,100 per year.
* Men's representation was highest among nurse anesthetists at 41 percent.
* Male nurse anesthetists earned more than twice as much as the male average for all nursing occupations: $162,900 versus $60,700.
The American Community Survey provides a wide range of important statistics about people and housing for every community across the nation. The results are used by everyone from town and city planners to retailers and homebuilders. The survey is the only source of local estimates for most of the 40 topics it covers, such as education, occupation, language, ancestry and housing costs for even the smallest communities. Ever since Thomas Jefferson directed the first census in 1790, the census has collected detailed characteristics about our nation's people. Questions about jobs and the economy were added 20 years later under James Madison, who said such information would allow Congress to "adapt the public measures to the particular circumstances of the community," and over the decades allow America "an opportunity of marking the progress of the society." (US Census)


What are the limitations on charitable deductions?
Under the Internal Revenue Code, deductions for charitable contributions are subject to certain "percentage limitations" that limit the deductions that can be taken to a stated percentage of adjusted gross income ("AGI") in the year the deduction is taken. (Contributions in excess of these percentage limitations may be carried forward up to five subsequent years.) Because Fidelity Charitable is a public charity, the percentage limitations that apply are generally the most favorable charitable deductions available under IRS rules.
Deductions for contributions of long-term capital gain property (such as appreciated securities held for more than one year) are limited to 30% of AGI.
Deductions for all other contributions (including contributions of cash) are limited to 60% of AGI.1
Your ability to take itemized deductions may be subject to certain other limitations. Business entities using a Corporate Giving Account may have different tax considerations. Please contact your tax advisor to determine your tax deductibility limits.
1Learn about what the CARES Act means for your charitable giving in 2021


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for the appropriate v, r for this large orbit.
Using mvnrn = nKh, vn = nKh/mrn.
Thus hv/2p r = nKh2/2p mrn2.
En+1 - En = hf = h.v/2p r = nKh2/2p mrn2
Now, the second and fourth terms in the above equation must be equal in the limit of large n. Canceling out common factors of the two, we find that the condition for equality is:
K = 1/2p.
This was the argument Bohr used to establish that angular momentum for his model is quantized in units h/2p.


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Last modified: 2011-06-10 by ivan sache
Keywords: gaul | insignia | boar |
Links: FOTW homepage | search | disclaimer and copyright | write us | mirrors
Recent archaeological excavations made in Tintignac (municipality of Naves, department of Corrèze, Limousin) by Christophe Maniquet, from INRAP (Institut national de recherches archéologiques preventives), are briefly reported in Pour La Science, #327 (January 2005).Several broken artefacts have been found in a square worshipping pit in Tintignac. The site, located on the territory of the Lemovices tribe, is dated Ist century BC; in De Bello gallicum, Julius Caesar reports the use of such pits; their desecration was a cause of capital punishment, which explains why the Tintignac pit was preserved in the later Gallo-Roman ages.
A Gallic coin, shown in Larousse's Histoire de France Illustrée (Volume 1, Naissance d'une nation), depicts the Eduan chief Dumnorix, holding in one hand a carnyx and a boar-shaped insignia and in the other hand a human head. Astérix books do not report the use of the heads of the enemies as war trophies, which was fairly common in Gaul and upset so much the Greeks and the Romans.
Michel Pastoureau [pst98] explains that the boar was traditionnally associated with Gaul in the Roman times. On the Trajan's column, built in Rome in the IInd century to commemorate Emperor Trajan's conquests, Gaul is represented by a boar in the allegory of the provinces of the Empire. Pastoureau gives the drawing of the insignia of a Gallic legion, with a boar, seen on the column.
Ivan Sache, 27 December 2004


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of sedimentary rocks that comprise the upper Permian coal measures.
Doongmabulla Springs complex
Both recharge and discharge springs occur within the Doongmabulla Springs complex (refer to Section 184.108.40.206.1 and companion product 3-4 () for the Galilee subregion). Fensham (as cited in GHD, 2012a) estimated the daily flow rate of all the springs in this complex (combined) to be about 1.35 ML/day, which equates to some 493 ML/year (companion product 2.5 for the Galilee subregion ()). The daily flow rate of Joshua Spring is estimated to be 432 to 864 KL/day (). There was no information provided in either or to indicate how these various spring flow rate estimates were derived.
Discharge from some springs of the Doongmabulla Springs complex contributes flow to tributaries of the Carmichael River (Figure 9). The outflow from Joshua Spring and the House Springs group converge to provide the main discharge feeding the Carmichael River for a distance of up to 20 km downstream (). These springs also provide to adjacent wetlands. As noted previously, the Doongmabulla Springs complex has 187 vents that feed 160 separate wetlands, of which 149 wetlands are fed by discharge springs (). The largest spring wetland in the complex is about 8.7 hectares (Fensham et al., 2016, p. 189). The surface water in the springs is perennial. The larger wetlands, such as those fed by Moses Springs and Keelback Springs, flow into permanent open pools and channels in the bed of Cattle Creek. In turn, these flow into the Carmichael River. However, during periods of low flow due to lower rainfall or drought conditions, the channels do not discharge into the Carmichael River (). Further information and analysis of hydrological dynamics and temporal variability of the different spring vents that comprise the Doongmabulla Springs complex is in companion product 3-4 for the Galilee subregion (). This includes preliminary analysis of remotely sensed data sourced from the available 30-year Landsat archive provided by Digital Earth Australia (see Section 3.2 in companion product 3-4 for the Galilee subregion () for further details).
The source of that supplies the Doongmabulla Springs complex has been a contentious issue, and the cause of considerable debate. Further detail on the available evidence and the various interpretations that have been made about the spring's source aquifer is in Section 220.127.116.11.1 of companion product 3-4 for the Galilee subregion (). In the of the for the Galilee subregion, the primary source aquifer of the Doongmabulla Springs complex is considered to be the Clematis Group aquifer. The multiple lines of evidence and reasoning supporting this interpretation is outlined in Section 18.104.22.168.1 of companion product 3-4 for the Galilee subregion (), as well as Section 2.3.2 of companion product 2.3 for the Galilee subregion ().
For the purposes of the BA of the Galilee subregion, the main features of the hydrogeological conceptualisation of the Doongmabulla Springs complex includes:
- The discharge springs (mound springs) in the western part of the Doongmabulla Springs complex (Figure 9) are most likely fed by groundwater leakage from the confined Clematis Group aquifer through the Moolayember Formation aquitard. This occurs in areas where the integrity of the aquitard is compromised, which may be due thinning or weathering of the aquitard near its contact with the Clematis Group aquifer, or the influence of geological structures (or possibly a combination of these factors). At the surface, the discharge springs are formed on alluvium that overlies the Moolayember Formation aquitard. The discharge springs source water from regional-scale groundwater flow that occurs in confined parts of the Clematis Group aquifer. Groundwater flow within this aquifer occurs from the west and south, and focuses towards the discharge springs.
- The recharge (outcrop) springs immediately east of the discharge springs are sourced from the unconfined parts of the Clematis Group aquifer. These include the Little Moses (Figure 11) and Yukunna Kumoo springs (Figure 9), which are located on or near outcrop of the Clematis Group. These springs are fed by more local-scale with to the aquifer occurring in nearby hills to the east and north of the springs.
- The source for the easternmost recharge springs in the Doongmabulla springs complex (Figure 9, Surprise and Dusk) is likely to be the Dunda beds aquifer. This aquifer outcrops in nearby hills, as well as underlying the alluvium where these springs occur in the valley of the Carmichael River.
- Groundwater discharge at the surface across the Doongmabulla Springs complex contributes directly to in the Carmichael River and helps to maintain permanent pools in nearby drainage channels (discussed in Section 3.5 of companion product 3-4 for the Galilee subregion ()). There is also potential for groundwater from the Clematis Group and Dunda beds aquifers to discharge directly into the alluvium, where these units subcrop beneath alluvium (Figure 9).
Permian springs cluster
The Permian springs cluster occurs to the west of the Belyando River. The likely sources for these springs are either the Colinlea Sandstone (part of the upper Permian coal measures) or the stratigraphically lower Joe Joe Group (the basal sequence of the Galilee Basin's Carboniferous to Permian ).
The Permian springs cluster has four wetlands fed by the. The flow is predominantly south to north in this region. Albro Springs has moderate flows (combined flow of the two vents is about 40 L/min) and Lignum Spring has low flows (about 0.5 L/min). The highest flows are in the three vents of the Mellaluka Springs complex (~1200 L/min, combined).
Triassic springs cluster
The in the Triassic springs cluster are all recharge springs. All three of these springs groups are likely to source from the Dunda beds. The Greentree and Hunter springs are surrounded by outcrop of the Dunda beds. Hector Springs are about 2 km east of the currently mapped extent of the Dunda beds but also appear to have a gravity-fed source.
Doongmabulla Springs complex
Within the Doongmabulla Springs complex some and spring groups are substantially disturbed, either by human activity or by the actions of livestock. An example of this is Joshua Spring (Figure 12), which has been heavily modified to provide drinking water for the Doongmabulla Station homestead and for livestock water supplies. It is now enclosed by a turkey's nest dam ().
Other springs and spring groups are relatively intact. Dominant vegetation surrounding the various springs includes: (i) bare, scalded plains supporting very sparse grass and herb cover; (ii) grassland generally dominated by Sporobolus pamelae; (iii) mixed sedgeland dominated by sedges in the genus Cyperus; (iv) coolibah (Eucalyptus coolabah) or river red gum (E. camaldulensis var. obtusa) woodland and open woodland; (v) weeping paperbark (Melaleuca leucadendra) forest; (vi) peppermint box (E. persistens) low open woodland with a grassy ground layer dominated by spinifex (Triodia); and (vii) Reid River box (E. brownii) woodland.
The first three vegetation assemblages and the weeping paperbark forest are contained within regional ecosystem (RE) 10.3.31 under the Queensland Government's remnant vegetation mapping (). This RE is described as 'Artesian springs emerging on alluvial plains'. It has the conservation status 'Of concern'. Three of the four vegetation assemblages within RE 10.3.31 (the exception is bare, scalded plains) are considered to be obligate groundwater-dependent systems.
The vegetation assemblage containing coolibah and/or river red gum woodland is contained within RE 10.3.14 'Eucalyptus camaldulensis and/or E. coolabah woodland to open woodland along channels and on floodplains'. It is considered to be a facultative although in some areas around the springs access to groundwater will be permanent. This RE is listed as 'Least concern'. The Reid River box woodland occurs within RE 10.3.6, whereas the peppermint box low open woodland is within RE 10.7.2 (). These vegetation assemblages are not considered to be groundwater-dependent and both are listed as 'Least concern'.
Figure 12 (left) aerial view of Joshua Spring highlighting the rectangular 'turkey's nest' dam (foreground) that now encloses the spring; (right) outflow pipe for Joshua Spring constructed through the right-hand dam wall
Permian springs cluster
The wetland vegetation in the Mellaluka Springs group is mostly a tall sedgeland dominated by the sedge Baumea rubiginosa, the fern Cyclosorus interruptus and the grass Phragmites australis. Drier areas adjacent to the springs support grassland of Sporobolus mitchellii with a variety of chenopod shrubs and sub-shrubs. The vegetation in the vicinity of the springs group is mostly 'non


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The walk cycle was mainly done through moving certain controllers of the body. Some of which make the movement look even more human like, if combined in the right way.
Starting off with lifting the foot con upwards and forwards. Also at the same time moving the walking stick and the right arm upwards. At this same time, you also move the left arm backwards.
To make the walk cycle more convincing. When the foot hits the ground, the torso should also move down to accompany the wight of the movement to create the look of weight being applied by the character.
When the left foot rises and goods forward, aligning with the right foot, the character's height is at it's highest point so you move the torso controller up.
When the character moves with an object (such as the walking stick) that is used to lean upon, the object stays still whilst the character is making his move.
Finally, when the character is about to stop, he slowly eases into his stationary position as the tempo slows down.


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The ratio of activities of a solute, A in an aqueous/organic system will remain constant and independent of the total quantity of A (hence [A]_{org} \propto [A]_{aq}), so at any given temperature:
(K_D)_A = {(a_A)_{org} \over(a_A)_{aq}} \approx {[A]_{org} \over[A]_{aq}}
Thus, the conentration of A remaining in an aqueous solution after i extractions with an organic solvent can be found using:
[A]_i = ({V_{aq} \over V_{org} K_D + V_{aq}})^i [A]_0


How To Measure Employee Engagement
How To Measure Employee Engagement
Measuring employee engagement is the first step to improving your employee performance, satisfaction and success.
But it can be a challenging task, with some methods falling short of giving organisations the level of insight they crave. To achieve meaningful results you can rely on, approach employee engagement with scientific rigour – and all year round.
At Peakon, we recommend measuring employee engagement with the following steps:
 1. Define and communicate your goals and objectives
 2. Decide upon the frequency of your survey and who will have access to the anonymised feedback
 3. Select your core engagement survey questions
 4. Send out your first survey
 5. Review and compare the insights you have uncovered
 6. Empower managers and other individuals to turn insights into action
 7. Repeat the process regularly to ensure insights remain relevant and up-to-date
 8. Drive the changes employees really want to see
Why is measuring engagement hard?
Traditionally organisations have prioritised the needs and expectations of their customers and stakeholders over those of their own people. Employee engagement was deemed a 'nice-to-have', rather than the 'business critical' it is widely accepted as being today.
Various approaches to employee engagement have been explored.
Some businesses rely on the transparency of employees in group or one-to-one meetings. This may suffice for organisations with just a handful of like-minded employees, but it does not give all employees a platform upon which to speak honestly and openly, without fear of repercussion. Nor can the outcomes of these meetings be used to later benchmark your performance.
There's also annual staff surveys. These can garner useful feedback, but typically take between two to three months and significant work hours to collate. By the time feedback is collected and analysed, it may have lost its relevance.
But it doesn't need to be this difficult.
When you democratise the engagement process, you give everyone the power to drive change
If you're serious about understanding what your employees want, and empowering them to drive the changes they want to see – and your future business success – then it's time to approach employee engagement with the same rigour you'd apply to measuring customer satisfaction or company finances.
People analytics tools like Peakon have made this possible.
Is there a best method for measuring Employee Engagement?
There's no substitute for regular, anonymous surveys. Real-time employee feedback is the cornerstone of informed decision making for managers and leaders, and therefore business success.
With anonymous, regular, digital surveys, you swiftly democratise the process – giving everyone a voice. When leaders then take action based on employee feedback, they demonstrate that employees are heard, and their feedback is valued. This itself helps to drive strong employee engagement.
Before you begin, set out your goals
The first thing to do is define your goals. Perhaps you'd like to get a better understanding of your turnover and improve your retention? Maybe you want to properly support your staff through a company merger or acquisition. Or you just want to get a better grasp of your employees' needs and expectations. Once you've pinned your mission down, communicate the purpose of the new strategy to your people to garner trust and encourage maximum participation.
Compile your employee questionnaires
Next, carefully select your questions. The quality of your results will depend heavily on the questions you ask, as well as how you ask them.
The Peakon framework and our 45 core questions were developed using decades of psychological research, the latest data science, and a well-established metric that has been adopted by businesses around the world: The Employee Net Promoter Score (eNPS).
eNPS takes into account the many factors that influence employee engagement with one simple question: How likely is it you would recommend [Company Name] as a place to work?
The initial engagement questions are followed by additional 'driver questions' to help companies to determine what is influencing their engagement. These are based on the 14 drivers of employee engagement – such as autonomy, reward and growth, which have been found to affect human motivation in the majority of workplaces, regardless of industry or size. Employees answer each question on a scale of 0 to 10, and are also given the opportunity to leave anonymous comments.
Additionally, if you want to focus on one particular area, like attrition, there's also custom question sets available.
Calculate your Employee Net Promoter Score
The next step is interpreting your results.
Responses can be divided into three groups: Detractors (scores from 0 to 6), Passives (scores from 7 to 8) and Promoters (scores from 9 to 10). Detractors represent the employees that are either unhappy or need more support. Passive employees, while not disengaged, may have some concerns that are holding them back from realising their full potential at work. Promoters, meanwhile, are motivated, enthusiastic and bring their full selves to work.
If a number of people give a low score in response to a particular question, such as 'I have the materials and equipment I need to do my job well', then you know this is an area that needs attention.
Peakon gives you two ways to view your engagement scores on its dashboard: Your score can either be measured as an average on a 0-10 scale, or using the NPS scale, which ranges from -100 to 100.
An organisation's overall eNPS score (between -100 and 1) is calculated by subtracting the percentage of detractors from the percentage of promoters. When an employee's response changes from detractor to passive, or passive to promoter, positive changes are reflected in the overall score.
When you measure employee engagement you can track and compare your scores
Both of these methods have their own distinct advantages. The average score is an intuitive, simple-to-understand scale that gives you a steady and consistent measure of your teams' engagement. While the NPS score can give you a bit more detail on your engagement.
Either way, the result is that organisations of all sizes gain an accurate and reliable measure of their employee engagement, and a clear understanding of the factors that are supporting or tarnishing it too.
Common mistakes when measuring employee engagement
 Here's some common pitfalls that you should do your best to avoid.
Infrequent surveys
One thing we've occasionally seen businesses do, before they start using engagement software like ours, is sending out large Google forms, or an equivalent, every half-year or even annually. This is not the best way to go.
When you have long gaps between your surveys, not only do you risk your participation rate being low, but you might also miss out on concerns that arose in the time between. By the time you become aware of a problem, it may be too late to rectify.
Organisations that we partner with can decide how frequent they would like their surveys to be – weekly, monthly or quarterly, for example. But at Peakon we ask our own employees for weekly feedback. The more frequent your surveys, the fewer questions your employees are required to answer each time, and the more up-to-date your data is.
Ask for regular feedback.
One-size-fits all questions
A pulse survey is better than no survey, but asking the same or random questions week in and week out, often leads to missed insights.
Rather than trying to make a one-size-fits-all process work, we suggest 'Intelligent Listening' – looking for important and recurring themes, and then building your surveys and the questions you ask around your company's or a specific team's bespoke needs and concerns. This means you'll be asking the right people the right questions at the right time, and benefiting from the right information.
Not anonymous
Employees are understandably cautious when answering surveys. The most useful feedback relies on your team being completely open and honest about their feelings.
If you want a high number of honest responses, you must ensure that your survey is anonymous and remains that way. If employees feel even slightly unsafe giving honest feedback, they will withhold information. Or worse – choose not to participate in the survey at all.
What's next? How to follow-up after measuring engagement
Measuring your employee engagement is just the first step. The second – taking action – is even more important, as this is how you will boost your employee satisfaction, productivity and performance.
With your real-time employee data in tow, you can make rapid, well-informed decisions, and drive the change your employees really want to see. If members of your team are reporting a lack of work-life balance, for example, you should consider making changes to your flexible working policies.
Then you can compare your employee engagement scores to thousands of other relevant companies across the globe using our benchmarking tools, and set benchmarks for yourself in the areas you'd like to improve on.
You should share your insights throughout the organisation too. This will encourage increased participation and act as a reminder that everyone has a part to play in driving employee engagement and success.
When you democratise the engagement process, you give everyone the power to drive change. Feedback leads to insights, which leads to action, which leads to change. When you close this loop and demonstrate that you're really listening to and acting upon your employees' feedback, you'll start to see an improvement in your employee engagement scores.
After that, it's just a case of keeping at it, and enjoying the business benefits, such as higher productivity, lower turnover and stronger profits.


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What is distribution and why is it important?
Distribution is how frequently a Space or its content is shown to people on Quora. Quora uses many different signals to learn how to show people the content they would most likely be interested in. There are two ways to make it more likely the people interested in your content will be shown your content as they browse the product, check their notifications, or read their email. You can do this by:
- Creating content that earns followers on Quora
- Getting more followers by sharing your Space off Quora
Creating content that earns followers on Quora
Quora's distribution system is more likely to show your content to someone if it receives signals indicating they would be interested in your Space. If someone follows your Space after seeing its content, this is a strong signal that your content may be valuable to others with similar interests. With this in mind, consider the following questions when posting content in your Space:
- Does this content represent my Space's intended purpose well?
- Does this content represent my Space's intended quality well?
- Will this content attract the type of followers that will be interested in the other content in my Space?
If your Space's quality or focus degrades over time, this may hurt your Space's distribution. One of the most important things to maintain quality over time is to be careful about who you accept as a contributor. People follow Spaces for a point of view, so it's ok to go a little off-topic sometimes, but if the focus isn't clear, people may not understand what your Space is about. For guidance, see Defining and upholding Standards for your Space.
The three points above are the most important considerations for creating content that gets your Space followed, but there are also other considerations that may improve your distribution.
- Choose an eye-catching image related to the topic and a title that draws the reader in. A reader will see the title, the first few lines of content, and an image (if available), in their notifications, feed, and emails. If they don't interact with those notifications, your content will be shown to them less frequently, so a little effort goes a long way here.
- Choose a credential that indicates your knowledge or experience. This helps readers find you as they browse Quora.
- Answer relevant questions in your Space. When you add a question to your Space from suggestions or by requesting an answer from your Space and then answer the question in your Space, your answer will also be shown to visitors to that question outside of the Space. This not only helps people find you from questions they find via searching the web, but it also helps your Space show up when people search a topic on Quora.
Getting more followers by sharing your Space off Quora
Another signal to Quora's distribution that your Space's content is valuable and interesting to someone is whether your Space is growing in popularity outside of Quora. The more followers you get coming from outside of Quora, the more your Space will be shown to people inside of Quora, but on-platform distribution isn't the only thing - you can leverage your existing off-platform networks to grow your Space:
- Share your Space and your Space's content with your existing network.
- Write content that audiences on other platforms will be interested in, and share a link to it (see How do I share content from Quora?)
- Share your Space on other platforms (see How do I share my Space outside of Quora?)
- Share your Space with your contacts (see Bulk importing CSV contacts to your Space and Importing Google contacts to join your Space on Quora)
- Think about who would be interested in your content and who or what they are already following on other platforms. If your content is valuable to their audience, you might be able to strike up a mutually beneficial partnership with them.


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 4. Terminology: Pre-spoiled puppies
Terminology: Pre-spoiled puppies
It's likely you'll see certain jargon in our dog ads, and some you may not be 100% sure what they are talking about. One question we got today was to explain what it means when an ad says that the puppies have been 'pre-spoiled'.
Generally this means that the puppies have had a lot of handling and hands on time when they were newly born. These puppies are well socialised with humans (hopefully also children) and they have had a lot of play time with humans. It's important for dogs to be socialised with other dogs and humans from an early age. The more the better in fact. Pre-spoiling heightens the bond between dogs and humans. Puppies that are spoiled tend to want more human attention.
When you are buying a dog or puppy it's important to ask the owner about how they were raise when in the first few weeks of their development. Did they stay inside or where they kept outside in kennels?
Puppy phases
As a puppy goes between the ages of 4-8 weeks they will start to require different types of attention. They being to walk around more, explore their environment and test limits with their littler mates. This is also a key step in the development for a dog. It's important that they get enough attention and given enough mental stimulation. This is also the stage where a puppy is weaned off its mothers milk.
At this stage they can also be introduced to some basic crate training and pee pads training. If you are intending on crate training your dog we'd recommend you discuss if this can be given some consideration as the puppy is doing some early training. Introduction puppies to different environments in a safe way is definitely important.
Note: Caution does need to be taken with things like canine parvovirus (parvo), so bringing a puppy to a dog park is a big no-no until they have all the right shots.
Why you should want a pre-spoiled dog
Many owners say that pre-spoiled dogs are easier to train, and that they tend to be better around children. Don't forget that you will need to start to train your puppy from an early age and teaching them where to go to the toilet, or act on a lease is a skill that should be done straight away. Dogs need to learn who is the boss, and what is their place in the household. A little bit of early training can make all the difference to a dog. The saying 'You can't teach an old dog new tricks' does run true, especially if they haven't been trained from an early age.
Pre-spoiling is only one aspect that you should look for when buying a dog. Also ask the owner for more information on the dam and sire of the dog (mother & father). You should try to find out how many litters they have bred from both already, and if there was any issues. In the best case you should make an effort to see both the Dam & Sire and if they have any dogs from earlier litters. Note the age of the dogs and the condition they are in, and ask about any health issues that they have had over the course of their years.
Updated on October 10, 2020
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Emigration from Denmark increased in 2018, while population continues to grow
New figures from official agency Statistics Denmark show that, while 2018 saw an increase in people moving out of the country, the net result of migration continues to contribute to population growth.
In 2018, the number of people choosing to pack their bags and leave the country increased by 4,000 compared to the previous year.
Meanwhile, immigration fell, but remains significantly higher than emigration.
As such, the overall result of emigration and immigration is net migration into Denmark, the Statistics Denmark figures show.
The difference between emigration and immigration totals has decreased in recent years, however – a trend that continued in 2018.
One reason for this is an increase in the number of American citizens leaving Denmark, resulting in net emigration of Americans, in contrast to previous years.
The increase in emigration applies to almost all nationalities with the notable exception of Germans, the agency found.
With a small number of exceptions, total emigration from Denmark has increased since the mid-1990s. Since the mid-2000s, both emigration and immigration have increased.
The new figures mean that the population in Denmark as of December 31st, 2018 was 5,806,081, according to calculations made by financial services company Nykredit. That represents an increase of 25,000 on 2017.
The total net migration to Denmark in 2015 was 40,000.
"In addition, there has also been an obvious change in the age demographics of the population in recent years," Nykredit's head economist Tore Stramer told Ritzau in a written comment.
"There is a clear trend towards fewer people under 20 years of age and significantly more over 65," Stramer said.
"If we look in isolation at the core supply of labour, specifically ages 20-64, there has been only a modest growth in population in recent years," he added.
Population figures also showed that 55,000 people died in Denmark in 2018, the largest number since 2007.
Statistics Denmark noted an influenza epidemic in March last year along with the unusually warm summer as contributors to the figure.
Over 61,000 babies were born in 2018, a small increase relative to 2017.
Population growth in the Scandinavian country is not spread evenly, and is concentrated in a smaller number of municipalities than has been the case in the past.
In 2017, 72 of Denmark's 98 municipalities saw an increase in population. Last year, only 58 municipalities saw their populations grow, according to Statistics Denmark.


text: White grape variety, predominantly known for being the grape of Campania's Fiano di Avellino DOCG in Southern Italy. Fiano is an ancient Roman variety, potentially the grape used in the production of Apianum (an acclaimed ancient wine from the Roman times). It is low yielding and produces very little juice, which prompted growers to replace it with other higher yielding varieties in the 19th and 20th century. However thanks to modern winemaking techniques as well as a demand for indigenous, classic grapes, production is currently increasing. The grape is also used in the McLaren Vale region of Australia; where production is small but increasing.


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How to train your robot: U of T research provides new approaches
U of T postdoctoral researcher Makarand Tapaswi and PhD student Paul Vicol have used movies as a proxy for the real world in training how robots should behave (photo by Ryan Perez)
If your friend is sad, you can say something to help cheer them up. If you ask your co-worker to make coffee, they know the steps to complete this task.
But how do artificially intelligent robots, or AIs, learn to behave in the same way humans do?
University of Toronto researchers are presenting new approaches towards socially intelligent AIs, at the Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) conference, the premier annual computer vision event this week in Salt Lake City, Utah.
How do we train a robot how to behave?
In their paper MovieGraphs: Towards Understanding Human-Centric Situations from VideosPaul Vicol, a PhD student in computer science, Makarand Tapaswi, a post-doctoral researcher, Lluis Castrejón, a master's graduate of U of T computer science who is now a PhD student at the University of Montreal Institute for Learning Algorithms, and Sanja Fidler, an assistant professor at U of T Mississauga's department of mathematical and computational sciences and tri-campus graduate department of computer science, have amassed a dataset of annotated video clips from more than 50 films.
"MovieGraphs is a step towards the next generation of cognitive agents that can reason about how people feel and about the motivations for their behaviours," says Vicol. "Our goal is to enable machines to behave appropriately in social situations. Our graphs capture a lot of high-level properties of human situations that haven't been explored in prior work."
Their dataset focuses on films in the drama, romance, and comedy genres, like Forrest Gump and Titanic, and follows characters over time. They don't include superhero films like Thor because they're not very representative of the human experience.
"The idea was to use movies as a proxy for the real world," says Vicol.
Each clip, he says, is associated with a graph that captures rich detail about what's happening in the clip: which characters are present, their relationships, interactions between each other along with the reasons for why they're interacting, and their emotions.
Vicol explains that the dataset shows, for example, not only that two people are arguing, but what they're arguing about, and the reasons why they're arguing, which come from both visual cues and dialogue. The team created their own tool for enabling annotation, which was done by a single annotator for each film.
 An example from the MovieGraphs dataset, scene from the film Forrest Gump
"All the clips in a movie are annotated consecutively, and the entire graph associated with each clip is created by one person, which gives us coherent structure in each graph, and between graphs over time," he says.
With their dataset of more than 7,500 clips, the researchers introduce three tasks, explains Vicol. The first is video retrieval, based on the fact that the graphs are grounded in the videos.
"So if you search by using a graph that says Forrest Gump is arguing with someone else, and that the emotions of the characters are sad and angry, then you can find the clip," he says.
The second is interaction ordering, which refers to determining the most plausible order of character interactions. For example, he explains if a character were to give another character a present, the person receiving the gift would say "thank you."
"You wouldn't usually say 'thank you,' and then receive a present. It's one way to benchmark whether we're capturing the semantics of interactions."
Their final task is reason prediction based on the social context.
"If we focus on one interaction, can we determine the motivation behind that interaction and why it occurred? So that's basically trying to predict when somebody yells at somebody else, the actual phrase that would explain why," he says
Tapaswi says the end goal is to learn behaviour.
"Imagine for example in one clip, the machine basically embodies Jenny [from the film Forrest Gump]. What is an appropriate action for Jenny? In one scene, it's to encourage Forrest to run away from bullies. So we're trying to get machines to learn appropriate behaviour."
"Appropriate in the sense that movies allow, of course."
How does a robot learn household tasks?
Led by led by Massachusetts Institute of Technology Assistant Professor Antonio Torralba and U of T's Fidler, VirtualHome: Simulating Household Activities via Programs, is training a virtual human agent using natural language and a virtual home, so the robot can learn not only through language, but by seeing, explains U of T master's student of computer science Jiaman Li, a contributing author with U of T PhD student of computer science Wilson Tingwu Wang.
 U of T master's student of computer science Jiaman Li
Li explains the high-level action may be "work on computer" and the description includes: turning on the computer, sitting in front of it, typing on the keyboard and grabbing the mouse to scroll.
"So if we tell a human this description, 'work on computer,' the human can perform these actions just like the descriptions. But if we just tell robots this description, how do they exactly do that? The robot doesn't have this common sense. It needs very clear steps, or programs."
Read more at Gizmodo
Read more at MIT News
Because there's no dataset that includes all this knowledge, she says the researchers built one using a web interface to gather the programs, which provide the action name and the description.
"Then we built a simulator so we have a virtual human in a virtual home who can perform these tasks," she says.
For her part in the ongoing project, Li is using deep learning – a branch of machine learning that trains computers to learn – to automatically generate programs from text or video for these programs.
However, it's no easy task to perform each action in the simulator, says Li, as the dataset resulted in more than 5,000 programs.
"Simulating everything one does in a home is extremely hard, and we make a step towards this by implementing the most frequent atomic actions such as walk, sit, and pick up," says Fidler.
"We hope that our simulator will be used to train robots complex tasks in a virtual environment, before going on to the real world."
Screenshot: MIT CSAIL/VirtualHome: Simulating Household Activities via Programs
MovieGraphs was supported in part by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and VirtualHome is supported in part by the NSERC COmputing Hardware for Emerging Intelligent Sensing Applications (COHESA) Network.


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Assuming that you meet semester continuation requirements, if you earn a single grade of F or a second grade of D, you will be sent a letter of Academic Warning. If you receive such a letter, you are not required to take any formal steps (as you would if you were placed on probation). However, you should seriously consider the circumstances that led to that D or F grade and evaluate what steps you might take to enhance success in the future. You may want to discuss the Warning with your academic dean.
Note: No more than two courses graded D may be counted toward the 34 cc total needed to graduate. A third or subsequent D will not count in this way toward graduation requirements, but it can fulfill other curricular requirements, such as Area of Knowledge and Modes of Inquiry requirements, semester continuation, and requirements of the major.


by Nicola Schofield
So, I passed a building site for Crossrail in London and I started puzzling about tower cranes. I looked around me in London and there are SO many cranes – often building huge skyscrapers. How did they even get the cranes into place on the building sites?
This is a tower crane and here are the questions I have about tower cranes in particular:
What's their purpose?
Where are they used?
Why don't they fall over?
How much weight can they lift?
What couldn't we do without them?
How do they work? (takes you to a web site which may contain unsuitable links, be warned – "Think before you click")
How do they get on site?
Who controls them? where from?
How were tall building built before cranes? What are the alternatives? What's the benefit of a crane?
What other types of cranes are there? Next time you are out & about, why not look out for different types of cranes and take some photos for this blog?
Which birds/ animals look or move like a crane? Why? How do they get food?
PS If you are interested in Crossrail and how they made the tunnels under London you can watch the BBC documentaries here – it's fascinating!
Can you:
Draw a crane
Design a crane
Make a crane in Lego/ Meccano/ wood etc
Test your crane & modify/ stabilise it
How much weight can your crane lift?
In school, we will be using Phil Bagge's Human Crane activities to start thinking like a computer-controlled crane! We will develop practical algorithms and look for patterns that can be turned into procedures and repeat instructions. We will then develop these ideas using a Logo program.
Can you program a tower crane or a grab machine game? You could just write an algorithm or you could have a go in Scratch 2.0 eg
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text:
A Guide Through the Labyrinth of Conflict Management
Conflict and Communication: A Guide Through the Labyrinth of Conflict Management was developed for
the Open Society Institute's Regional Children and Youth Program for use in Central and Eastern Euro
pean schools. The information and skills presented within this curriculum can also be implemented in other
parts of the world.
Author: Daniel Shapiro
Editors: Lisa Pilsitz, Susan Shapiro
Content Editor: Fran Donelan
Assistant Editors: Sarah Aitken, Lara Davidovic, Jennifer Dellmuth
Questia, a part of Gale, Cengage Learning. _URL_
Publication information: Book title: Conflict and Communication: A Guide through the Labyrinth of Conflict Management. Contributors: Daniel Shapiro - Author, Lisa Pilsitz - Editor, Susan Shapiro - Editor. Publisher: International Debate Education Association. Place of publication: New York. Publication year: 2004. Page number: iii.
This material is protected by copyright and, with the exception of fair use, may not be further copied, distributed or transmitted in any form or by any means.