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This has been driving me nuts for days... Any help would be appreciated.
I have the following class set up:
class tutor:
 anzahlmitarbeiter = 0
 def __init__(self, name):
 self.name = name
 self.aerzte = []
 self.beobachter = []
 QuicklytestWindow.tutor.anzahlmitarbeiter += 1
 def __del__(self):
 QuicklytestWindow.tutor.anzahlmitarbeiter -= 1
All instances of the class are being held inside a dictionary.
The if self.tutor_number_vorhanden == 1 checks to see if that object has been instantiated. I have a function that istantiates these objects only if needed and then sets the appropriate variable to 1.
 self.mitarbeiter_dict = {}
 if self.tutor_1_vorhanden == 1:
 self.mitarbeiter_dict[1] = self.tutor_1 # the names of the instantiated objects
 if self.tutor_2_vorhanden == 1:
 self.mitarbeiter_dict[2] = self.tutor_2 # the names of the instantiated objects
 if self.tutor_3_vorhanden == 1:
 self.mitarbeiter_dict[3] = self.tutor_3 # the names of the instantiated objects
 if self.tutor_4_vorhanden == 1:
 self.mitarbeiter_dict[4] = self.tutor_4 # the names of the instantiated objects
I am now trying to access a specific self.aerzte list item from a specific tutor object. My code:
the context:
while i <= self.tutor.anzahlmitarbeiter:
 self.textview.get_buffer().insert(self.textview.get_buffer().get_end_iter(), "\n" + "Arzt: " + self.mitarbeiter_dict[i].aerzte[j])
i += 1
j += 1
This program is running in a PYGTK Window. self.textview.get_buffer() gets the contents of a textview object and appends(prints) my string at the end.
The problem I am getting is that
for some reason returns the entire self.mitarbeiter_dict[i].aerzte list instead of the one string item (a name) that I want which then cannot be printed because it cannot concantenate list and string items.
Again, thank you for your time and help in advance.
share|improve this question
You need to show how you are manipulating the aerzte list. You only show one line where you initialize it to [], but how do you add to it? It sounds like maybe you're not adding what you think you are. – BrenBarn Jul 14 '12 at 5:30
Any variables called x_1, x_2, etc... are the sign of a common anti-pattern - You are having to write the same code again and again for each of them. Use a list or tuple and a for loop. – Lattyware Jul 14 '12 at 8:37
I have another function which holds a list of names i want to distribute to the tutor objects. I do somethin like self.tutor_1.aerzte.append(self.a[0::2]) where self.a is the list of names. I want to put every second name into self.tutor_1.aerzte – user1525082 Jul 14 '12 at 10:22
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In English, 'interchangeable' is used to express two things that can be swapped and used for the same purpose. It's a bit different than replaceable because that refers to one thing's ability to be swapped. Exchangeable is also slightly different because it means something can be replaced by a different thing. For example:
My glasses have interchangeable lenses. I use the dark lenses when I am outside during the day, and the clear ones when I am indoors or at night.
My laptop has a replaceable battery, in case the original one fails.
Money is exchangeable for goods and services.
From what I understand, 'ersetzbar' means'replaceable' and 'umtauschbar' means 'exchangeable'; but 'austauschbar' seems to be used for all three. Is this correct, and if so is there a more precise word for 'interchangeable'?
 - 1
 Why do you think a dictionary cannot answer this question? – Torsten Link Dec 28 '20 at 23:01
 - _USER_ I consulted Collins dictionary, which says umtauschbar means exchangeable, and ersetzbar means replaceable - but it says austauschbar can apply to all three. So does Langenscheidt. Cambridge says austauschbar can mean exchangeable or interchangeable. Also, I found this question _URL_-US/questions/_PHONE_ in which the answer given states that austauschbar and ersetzbar mean the exact same thing. That is why I posted this question. I'm confused as to how I would accurately communicate interchangeability, rather than exchangeability or replaceability. – teneyed Dec 28 '20 at 23:29
 - The only other way I can think to express what I'm not understanding, is if I were to say "Die Komponenten sind austauschbar." - how would someone know I meant interchangeable? Couldn't they mistake that for meaning you could swap the components for something completely different (like some magic beans for example's sake) or that the components can be replaced, should the need arise? – teneyed Dec 29 '20 at 0:08
 - There is a legitimate point here, both replaceable and interchangeable, having different meanings in English, and both translate to austauschbar. On the other hand, if the exact German meaning isn't clear from context, you could add an adverb to make it so; gegenseitig seems to work. It's often impossible to transfer the specific meaning of a word in one language to a single word in another language. dict.cc is useful for resolving this kind of issue. – RDBury Dec 29 '20 at 2:05
 - Add this explanation to your wuestion, then I will remove my close vote... – Torsten Link Dec 29 '20 at 8:16
It is the context that matters for these words in German. There are no hard rules really noted - so the following comes from experience. In the examples I use a valve (Ventil) in a radiator (Heizung).
Is used when I get a part that is exactly like the one that was there. For example to replace an AAA battery that is empty with a new one. Same build, same function. Most often used in the context of getting the same item as before and in repairs. As with "Ersatz" (replacement) the action "ersetzen" implies some item that is no longer working / functioning as expected.
"Das Ventil in der Heizung leckt. Kann das ersetzt werden?" "The valve in the radiator leaks. Can this be replaced?"
Is used when I want to exchange something. Rather even more restricted than "ersetzen" for items as used during guarantee replacements. Note that this can also mean I can get a very different item than the original purchase as the replacer sees fit.
"Das ersetzte Ventil in der Heizung leckt schon wieder. Ich fordere einen Umtausch." "The replaced valve in the radiator already leaks again. As it is under guarantee I expect a replacement."
While this word can be used for both the previous words (and will be understood by Germans after a bit of thinking) it can also be used in a broader context. From the verb "austauschen" its meaning is the replacement by a functionally equivalent item. Not necessarily the same. Implies also that the original item still functions although for whatever reason.
"Das Ventil in der Heizung ist schon ziemlich alt. Kann das ausgetauscht werden?" "The valve in the radiator is rather old by now. Can this be replaced?"
In context of language either "ersetzbar" or "austauschbar" applies if one word (or phrase) can replace another without losing the context.
With regards to money the more common word used by Germans is "bezahlbar" (payable). The monetary phrase "is exchangable for" in German becomes more often "hat den Besitzer gewechselt" (has changed owner(ship)) or "hat einen Wert für" (has a value for).
 - 1
 I think a better translation for bezahlbar is affordable. – RHa Dec 29 '20 at 15:37
 - "Wechselbar" würde ich noch ergänzen. – user unknown Dec 29 '20 at 16:44
Your Answer


text:
Members of the United Nations
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Member states of the United Nations)
Other websites [change]
All notes are based on Official list of member states
- Joined as Byelorussia. United Nations told of name change on 19 September 1991
- The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was an original Member of the United Nations. The Charter was signed on its behalf on 26 June 1945 and ratified (confirmed) on 19 October 1945. When Yugoslvia was dissolved the new countries of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Slovenia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia were formed.
- Zaire joined the United Nations on 20 September 1960. On 17 May 1997 it changed its name was to the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
- The Republic of Croatia was admitted as a Member of the United Nations by General Assembly resolution A/RES/46/238 of 22 May 1992.
- the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic was an original Member of the United Nations from 24 October 1945. The Czech and Slovak Federal Republic separated on 31 December 1992 and that the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic, as successor States, were thus admitted as Member States on 19 January of that year.
- Egypt and Syria were original Members of the United Nations from 24 October 1945. Following a plebiscite (vote) on 21 February 1958, Egypt and Syria joined together as the United Arab Republic. On 13 October 1961, Syria, became an independent country, resumed its separate membership in the United Nations. On 2 September 1971, the United Arab Republic changed its name to the Arab Republic of Egypt.
- The Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic were admitted as members on 18 September 1973. The German Democratic Republic stopped being a member on 3 October 1990, when the two Germancountries united to form one sovereign country.
- On 20 January 1965, Indonesia said it was leaving the United Nations "at this stage and under the present circumstances". On 19 September 1966, decided "to resume full cooperation with the United Nations and to resume participation (start joining) in its activities". On 28 September 1966, the General Assembly invited Indonesia to take its seats in the Assembly.
- By resolution A/RES/47/225 of 8 April 1993, "Macedonia" became a Member of the United Nations. In the United Nations Macedonia is called "The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia" because of arguments about its name.
- The Federation of Malaya joined the United Nations on 17 September 1957. On 16 September 1963, its name was changed to Malaysia, when the new states of Singapore, Sabah (North Borneo) and Sarawak joined the union. Singapore became an independent country on 9 August 1965 and a Member of the United Nations on 21 September 1965.
- On 4 February 2003, the official name of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was changed to Serbia and Montenegro. Montenegro held a referendum (vote) on 21 May 2006 and declared independence from Serbia on 3 June. President of the Republic of Serbia told the Secretary-General that the membership of Serbia and Montenegro was being continued by the Republic of Serbia On 28 June 2006 Montenegro became a United Nations Member State by General Assembly resolution A/RES/60/264.
- The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was an original Member of the United Nations from 24 October 1945. On 24 December 1991, Boris Yeltsin, the President of the Russian Federation, told the Secretary-General that the Soviet Union's membership in the Security Council and all other United Nations organs was being taken over by the Russian Federation with the support of the 11 member countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States.
- The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was admitted as a Member of the United Nations by General Assembly resolution A/RES/55/12 of 1 November 2000. On 4 February 2003 the official name of the country was changed to Serbia and Montenegro. On 3 June 2006, the President of the Republic of Serbia told the Secretary-General that the membership of Serbia and Montenegro was being continued by the Republic of Serbia, after Montenegro's declaration of independence.
- The Republic of Slovenia was admitted as a Member of the United Nations by General Assembly resolution A/RES/46/236 of 22 May 1992.
- "U.N. Admits South Sudan as 193rd Member". foxnews.com. Associated Press (FOX News Network, LLC). 2011-07-14. _URL_ Retrieved 2011-07-14.
- Tanganyika was a Member of the United Nations from 14 December 1961 and Zanzibar was a Member from 16 December 1963. After the ratification on 26 April 1964 of Articles of Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar, the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar continued as a single Member, changing its name to the United Republic of Tanzania on 1 November 1964.
- Yemen was admitted to membership in the United Nations on 30 September 1947 and Democratic Yemen on 14 December 1967. On 22 May 1990, the two countries merged and have been one Member with the name "Yemen".

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Southfury River
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The Southfury River is likely Kalimdor's most prominent river. Beginning as a small stream in the highlands surrounding Mount Hyjal, it grows into a wide, swift-flowing river that forms the boundary between Ashenvale[95, 48] Forest and Azshara, and further south, the border between the Northern Barrens and Durotar, where nasty creatures known as crocolisks patrol the waters. The river empties into the Great Sea in a cascading waterfall just northeast of the goblin port town of Ratchet.
There are two bridges that span the Southfury River: one leading into the capital city, Orgrimmar, in the north and one that crosses from Durotar into the Northern Barrens more to the south.
In the Cataclysm, the river floods the southwestern part of Durotar. A goblin with a riverboat, Horton Hornblower, can also be found where the river empties near Ratchet.
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Quick Answer: What Does Vasa Recta Mean?
Is Vasa recta peritubular capillaries?
Peritubular capillaries surround the cortical parts of the proximal and distal tubules, while the vasa recta go into the medulla to approach the loop of Henle.
About one-fifth of the blood plasma is filtered as the blood passes through the glomerular capillaries; four-fifths continues into the peritubular capillaries..
What is Vasa recta and its function?
Vasa Recta Function The vasa recta, the capillary networks that supply blood to the medulla, are highly permeable to solute and water. … The ability of the vasa recta to maintain the medullary interstitial gradient is flow dependent. A substantial increase in vasa recta blood flow dissipates the medullary gradient.
Where is the Vasa recta located in the kidney?
In the blood supply of the kidney, the vasa recta renis (or straight arteries of kidney, or straight arterioles of kidney) form a series of straight capillaries in the medulla. They lie parallel to the loop of Henle.
Why is Vasa recta absent in cortical nephron?
The proximity between the Henle's loop and vasa recta, as well as the counter current in them help in maintaining an increasing osmolarity towards the inner medullary interstitium. This gradient is mainly caused by NaCl and urea. … This mechanism helps to maintain a concentration gradient in the medullary interstitium.
What is the difference between Vasa recta and peritubular capillaries?
The main difference between vasa recta and peritubular capillaries is that the vasa recta are the blood capillaries that surround the loop of Henle in the juxtamedullary nephrons. But, peritubular capillaries are the blood capillaries that surround the PCT and DCT of the cortical nephrons.
Where do kidneys lie?
The kidneys lie retroperitoneally (behind the peritoneum) in the abdomen, either side of the vertebral column. They typically extend from T12 to L3, although the right kidney is often situated slightly lower due to the presence of the liver. Each kidney is approximately three vertebrae in length.
Do peritubular capillaries have fenestrations?
Cortical peritubular capillaries are fenestrated, with large surface areas and high hydraulic conductivity. … Dilution of the interstitium in the vicinity of the capillary wall with protein-free fluid both lowers interstitial oncotic pressure and raises interstitial hydraulic pressure.
Is Vasa recta present in cortical nephron?
The superficial cortical nephrons have peritubular capillaries which branch off the efferent arterioles, and provide nutrients to the epithelial cells which are present there. … The juxtamedullary nephrons have a special structure within the peritubular capillaries, called the vasa recta.
What role do the Vasa recta play in urine formation?
What role do the vasa recta play in urine formation? … The vasa recta protect the medullary osmotic gradient by preventing rapid removal of salt. C. The vasa recta receive the dilute filtrate from the distal convoluted tubule.
What is the role of the vasa recta in blood pressure regulation?
The vasa recta capillaries are long, hairpin-shaped blood vessels that run parallel to the loops of Henle. The hairpin turns slow the rate of blood flow, which helps maintain the osmotic gradient required for water reabsorption. Illustration of the vasa recta which run alongside nephrons.
What is the function of the Vasa recta quizlet?
What is the function of the vasa recta? It maintains the concentration gradient established by the loop of Henle.
What does the Vasa recta contain?
The vasa recta of the kidney, (vasa rectae renis) are the straight arterioles, and the straight venules of the kidney, – a series of blood vessels in the blood supply of the kidney that enter the medulla as the straight arterioles, and leave the medulla to ascend to the cortex as the straight venules.


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State of California Franchise Tax Board
What are the differences between California and Federal Law?
In general, California tax law conforms to the Internal Revenue Code (IRC) as of January 1, 2005. However, there are continuing differences between California and federal tax law. These differences may require taxpayers to make adjustments to figures from their federal returns. Certain specific areas of nonconformity are discussed in the affected tax forms instructions. Refer to Publication 1001 for more information.
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text:
to fill this gap.)
Newton also points out that the height that the water climbs up the inside of the bucket provides a measure of the rate of rotation of bucket and water: the higher the water rises up the sides, the greater the tendency to recede must be, and so the faster the water must be rotating in the mechanically significant sense. But supposing, very plausibly, that the measure is unique, that any particular height indicates a particular rate of rotation. Then the unique height that the water reaches at any moment implies a unique rate of rotation in a mechanically significant sense. And thus motion in the sense of motion relative to an arbitrary reference body, is not the mechanical sense, since that kind of rotation is not unique at all, but depends on the motion of the reference body. And so Descartes' change of place (and for similar reasons, motion in the ordinary sense) is not the mechanically significant sense of motion.
In our discussion of Descartes we called the sense of motion operative in the science of mechanics 'true motion', and the phrase is used in this way by Newton in the Scholium. Thus Newton's bucket shows that true (rotational) motion is anti-correlated with, and so not identical with, proper motion (as Descartes proposed according to the Garber reading); and Newton further argues that the rate of true (rotational) motion is unique, and so not identical with change of place, which is multiple. Newton proposed instead that true motion is motion relative to a temporally enduring, rigid, 3-dimensional Euclidean space, which he dubbed 'absolute space'. Of course, Descartes also defined motion as relative to an enduring 3-dimensional Euclidean space; the difference is that Descartes space was divided into parts (his space was identical with a plenum of corpuscles) in motion, not a rigid structure in which (mobile) material bodies are embedded. So according to Newton, the rate of true rotation of the bucket (and water) is the rate at which it rotates relative to absolute space. Or put another way, Newton effectively defines the complete predicate x moves-absolutely as x moves-relative-to absolute space; both Newton and Descartes offer the competing complete predicates as analyses of x moves-truly.
Newton's proposal for understanding motion solves the problems that he posed for Descartes, and provides an interpretation of the concepts of constant motion and acceleration that appear in his laws of motion. However, it suffers from two notable interpretational problems, both of which were pressed forcefully by Leibniz (in the Leibniz-Clarke Correspondence, 1715–1716) — which is not to say that Leibniz himself offered a superior account of motion (see below). (Of course, there are other features of Newton's proposal that turned out to be empirically inadequate, and are rejected by relativity: Newton's account violates the relativity of simultaneity and postulates a non-dynamical spacetime structure.) First, according to this account, absolute velocity is a well-defined quantity: more simply, the absolute speed of a body is the rate of change of its position relative to an arbitrary point of absolute space. But the Galilean relativity of Newton's laws mean that the evolution of a closed system is unaffected by constant changes in velocity; Galileo's experimenter cannot determine from observations inside his cabin whether the boat is at rest in harbor or sailing smoothly. Put another way, according to Newtonian mechanics, in principle Newton's absolute velocity cannot be experimentally determined. So in this regard absolute velocity is quite unlike acceleration (including rotation); Newtonian acceleration is understood in absolute space as the rate of change of absolute velocity, and is, according to Newtonian mechanics, in general measurable, for instance by measuring the height that the water ascends the sides of the bucket. (It is worth noting that Newton was well-aware of these facts; the Galilean relativity of his theory is demonstrated in Corollary V of the laws of the Principia, while Corollary VI shows that acceleration is unobservable if all parts of the system accelerate in parallel at the same rate, as they do in a homogeneous gravitational field.) Leibniz argued (rather inconsistently, as we shall see) that since differences in absolute velocity were unobservable, they could not be genuine differences at all; and hence that Newton's absolute space, whose existence would entail the reality of such differences, must also be a fiction. Few contemporary philosophers would immediately reject a quantity as meaningless simply because it was not experimentally determinable, but this fact does justify genuine doubts about the reality of absolute velocity, and hence of absolute space.
The second problem concerns the nature of absolute space. Newton quite clearly distinguished his account from Descartes' — in particular with regards to absolute space's rigidity versus Descartes' 'hydrodynamical' space, and the possibility of the vacuum in absolute space. Thus absolute space is definitely not material. On the other hand, presumably it is supposed to be part of the physical, not mental, realm. In De Gravitatione, Newton rejected both the standard philosophical categories of substance and attribute as suitable characterizations. Absolute space is not a substance for it lacks causal powers and does not have a fully independent existence, and yet not an attribute since it would exist even in a vacuum, which by definition is a place where there are no bodies in which it might inhere. Newton proposes that space is what we might call a 'pseudo-substance', more like a substance than property, yet not quite a substance. (Note that Samuel Clarke, in his Correspondence with Leibniz, which Newton had some role in composing, advocates the property view, and note further that when Leibniz objects because of the vacuum problem, Clarke suggests that there might be non-material beings in the vacuum in which space might inhere.) In fact, Newton accepted the principle that everything that exists, exists somewhere — i.e., in absolute space. Thus he viewed absolute space as a necessary consequence of the existence of anything, and of God's existence in particular — hence space's ontological dependence. Leibniz was presumably unaware of the unpublished De Gravitatione in which these particular ideas were developed, but as we shall see, his later works are characterized by a robust rejection of any notion of space as a real thing rather than an ideal, purely mental entity. This is a view that attracts even fewer contemporary adherents, but there is something deeply peculiar about a non-material but physical entity, a worry that has influenced many philosophical opponents of absolute space.
After the development of relativity (which we will take up below), and its interpretation as a spacetime theory, it was realized that the notion of spacetime had applicability to a range of theories of mechanics, classical as well as relativistic. In particular, there is a spacetime geometry — 'Galilean' or 'neo-Newtonian' spacetime — for Newtonian mechanics that solves the problem of absolute velocity; an idea exploited by a number of philosophers from the late 1960s (e.g., Earman 1970, Friedman 1983, Sklar 1974 and Stein 1968). For details the reader is referred to the entry on spacetime: inertial frames, but the general idea is that although a spatial distance is well-defined between any two simultaneous points of this spacetime, only the temporal interval is well-defined between non-simultaneous points. Thus things are rather unlike Newton's absolute space, whose points persist through time and maintain their distances; in absolute space the distance between p-now and q-then (where p and q are points) is just the distance between p-now and q-now. However, Galilean spacetime has an 'affine connection' which effectively specifies for every point of every continuous curve, the rate at which the curve is changing from straightness at that point; for instance, the straight lines are picked out as those curves whose rate of change from straightness is zero at every point. (Another way of thinking about this space is as possessing — in addition to a distance between any two simultaneous points and a temporal interval between any points — a three-place relation of colinearity, satisfied by three points just in case they lie on a straight line.)
Since the trajectories of bodies are curves in spacetime the affine connection determines the rate of change from straightness at every point of every possible trajectory. The straight trajectories thus defined can be interpreted as the trajectories of bodies moving inertially, and the rate of change from straightness of any trajectory can be interpreted as the acceleration of a body following that trajectory. That is, Newton's Second Law can be given a geometric formulation as 'the rate of change from straightness of a body's trajectory is equal to the forces acting on the body divided by its mass'. The significance of this geometry is that while acceleration is well-defined, velocity is not — in accord with empirically determinability of acceleration but not velocity according to Newtonian mechanics. (A simple analogy helps see how such a thing is possible: betweenness but not 'up' is a well-defined concept in Euclidean space.) Thus Galilean spacetime gives a very nice interpretation of the choice that nature makes when it decides that the laws of mechanics should be formulated in terms of accelerations not velocities (as Aristotle and Descartes proposed).
Put another way, we can define the complete predicate x accelerates as trajectory(x) has-non-zero-rate-of-change-from-straightness, where trajectory maps bodies onto their trajectories in Galilean spacetime. And this predicate, defined this way, applies to the water in the bucket if and only if it is rotating, according to Newtonian mechanics


Understanding Fine Art and Stock Photography
Stock photography and fine art photography are two different topics. The former is defined as the supply of photographs that have been licensed for defined uses. These are a cheaper and more convenient alternative to hiring a photographer and organizing a shoot. There is an agreement between the owner of the photograph and the buyer on how the image can be used. This is different from fine art photography. Photographs of this type are more comparable to paintings where each image or photograph is a work of art. As works of art, they are produced in limited quantities, more expensive and should not be altered even when purchased.
Stock Photography
Stock photographs often depict a general topic. More general shots of landscapes, portraits, people, animals and so on are uploaded onto online directories where consumers can select and pay only for what they need. Much like a regular photo shoot, multiple shots of the same subject are taken. Being non-specific gives the consumer leeway in altering the images for their purpose.
Essentially, stock photographs are produced to be reproduced. Consumers pay for the licenses to use the images. Licenses such as royalty free (RF) and rights managed (RM) indicate the conditions for using the photographs. In a few cases, photographers give away their photographs for free in exchange for credit or recognition of their work
Factors that may affect the license type and pricing include the size or screen resolution, the industry where the image will be used, the number of times that the image can be reproduced, the area or territory and the duration of the use. With RM images the consumer may purchase for an exclusive or non-exclusive license while RF images are non-exclusive. Being non-exclusive gives the photographer the right to sell the same images to as many different consumers as he or she wants to.
Fine Art Photography
Fine art photography refers to a specific branch of photography where images are produced for more aesthetic purposes. Classifying a photograph as fine art is difficult as there is no standard factor, subjective similar to other forms of art. It is different from commercial photography as the latter is more concerned about promoting a product or service. Fine art photography is also different from documentary photographs as the latter are used to support a story or news.
Photographs of this type convey a higher level of intensity or emotion, presenting subjects in a different light. The elements are seen and appreciated for their form without promoting a specific brand or product. As such, art photographs can take a greater amount of time, money and effort to produce and get right. They can be found displayed in museums, art galleries and private collections.
In the case of stock photographs, the consumer pays for the rights to alter or reproduce the images bought from the photographers. With fine art photographs, consumers pay for the exact image. Much like an artwork, the value is retained or increases over time as long as the quality of the original is retained. With the limited quantity of fine art photographs produced, each image is more valuable and expensive as compared to stock photographs.


text:
On April 24, 2012, The Maryland State Board of Education accepted the definition of STEM Education and STEM Standards of Practice presented by the Office of STEM Initiatives. The definition of STEM Education and the STEM Standards of Practice reflect the skills and knowledge students must master to be prepared to meet the increasing demand of the workplace where STEM skills are required.
STEM Education Defined:
STEM education is an approach to teaching and learning that integrates the content and skills of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. STEM Standards of Practice guide STEM instruction by defining the combination of behaviors, integrated with STEM content, which is expected of a proficient STEM student. These behaviors include engagement in inquiry, logical reasoning, collaboration, and investigation. The goal of STEM education is to prepare students for post-secondary study and the 21st century workforce.
STEM Standards of Practice:
The titles of the seven STEM Standards of Practice are:
Maryland STEM Brochure
STEM Standards of Practice
The STEM toolkit contains resources to support teachers in the classroom.
Maryland STEM: Innovation today to meet tomorrow's global challenges.


Do I really need to file for bankruptcy if I'm only receiving Social Security?
January 20, 2020
There are many people we meet with initially who are only receiving Social Security benefits for their income. Most wonder if they even need to file for bankruptcy if they are only receiving social security. And to be blunt, some of them really don't need to file bankruptcy.
Social Security benefits are safe from your general creditors such as credit cards, medical bills, etc.. However, Social Security benefits can be garnished in some instances for federal taxes, federal student loans, child support, alimony, victim reparations and various federal debts.
It depends also on the type of Social Security benefits you are receiving.
Types of Social Security Benefits
For example, Supplemental Security Income (SSI), which is a federal income supplement program funded by general tax revenues (i.e., not Social Security taxes) and is designed to help aged, blind and disabled people who have little or no other income or assets with which to meet basic needs for food, clothing and shelter, is protected from garnishment even if the creditor could garnish regular Social Security benefits.
However, Social Security Disability Income (SSDI), a federal income program that offers monthly Social Security Disability payments to people under age 65 who have qualifying disabilities and sufficient work credits, can be garnished to pay child support and alimony, court-ordered restitution to a crime victim, back taxes, and non-tax debt owed to a federal agency, such as student loans or some federally funded home loans.
Reasons to Consider Filing for Bankruptcy
There are various reasons why you might still want to consider filing for bankruptcy even if you don't owe taxes, student loans, victim restitution, child support or alimony, or debts to federal agencies.
Let's say you only receive regular Social Security and only have credit card debt and medical debt. What can a creditor do to you? In many cases, not much, especially if you don't have any assets.
But what if you do have assets, like a house or a vehicle or family heirloom furniture, etc? Can a general creditor take those? That will depend on what exemptions you have available to you in your state. Exemptions are what allow you to keep certain assets up to certain dollar amounts. So, if your assets can be exempted then your general creditors will not be able to collect against those.
Another thing to consider is that maybe you want to try to leave your house to your children or a charity or somebody else. If you live in Missouri and a creditor gets a judgment against you it automatically become a judgment lien against your real estate if the judgment was entered in the county in which you have your home, which most of the time it will be entered in that county.
That creates an issue later because if your heirs or devisees want to sell the real estate, they'll have to satisfy that lien before a marketable title can be given to the buyer. If that debt had been discharged in bankruptcy before the creditor got a judgment against you then there'd be no issue later with your real estate regarding that debt.
Or what if you don't have any assets right now, but end up being an heir or devisee of somebody who does have a lot of assets or perhaps you win the lottery? If you had filed a bankruptcy before and received a discharge of your debt those assets would not be at risk.
There are also many people who just don't want to deal with the stress and anxiety of having to deal with their creditors. In your golden years, do you really want to be harassed all the time with your creditors calling you every day, sending threatening letters or getting judgments against you? Many people decide they'd rather just have some peace of mind during those years. It becomes a quality of life issue for many.
If you are receiving Social Security benefits and don't know if bankruptcy would be a good option for you, please contact one of our attorneys to find out what your options are.


Arrival of the Queen of Sheba Lyrics
George Frideric Handel (German: Georg Friedrich Händel; p***ounced [ˈhɛndəl]) (23 February 1685 - 14 April 1759) was a German-British Baroque composer, famous for his operas, oratorios, and concertos. Handel was born in Germany in the same year as Johann Sebastian Bach and Domenico Scarlatti. He received critical musical training in Italy before settling in London and becoming a naturalised British subject. His works include Messiah, Water Music, and Music for the Royal Fireworks. He was strongly influenced by the great composers of the Italian Baroque and the middle-German polyphonic choral tradition. Handel's music was well-known to such later composers as Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven. [Wikipedia]
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Pachelbel Canon (1989)
Canon in D major Gigue in D major Adagio in G minor Jesu, Joy of Man's Desiring Sheep May Safely Graze Suite No. 3 in D: Air Fugue in G minor BWV 542 Minuet and Trio Andante cantabile (attr. Haydn) Concerto Grosso: Musette Arrival of the Queen of Sheba Organ Concerto in F major Organ Concerto in F major Organ Concerto in F major Berenice: Overture


Easter's two dates remnant of historic divide
On Sunday, Roman Catholics and Protestants across the globe will celebrate Easter. A week later, the Eastern Orthodox Church (and some of the Eastern Catholic rites) will mark the holy day.
Although both the Catholic and the Orthodox churches agree that Jesus rose from the dead on Easter, defeating sin and death, its leaders can't seem to agree on exactly when to observe the feast, by far the most important celebration of their shared Christian faith.
The rift has existed for centuries, since the Great Schism of 1054 when a Roman legate and the patriarch of Constantinople excommunicated each other. The two churches developed separate traditions, with Orthodox Christians following the Julian calendar to calculate when to celebrate Easter, and Roman Catholics (and Protestants) adhering to the newer Gregorian calendar to do the same.
Two local leaders of the Catholic and Orthodox churches said in recent interviews that developing a common date would be preferable, but talks to that end between the highest levels of the two churches have yet to produce results.
"It would be ideal if every Christian celebrated Easter together, because it's another sign of the unity of the church," said Monsignor Dennis Mikulanis, pastor of San Rafael Catholic Church in Rancho Bernardo and the ecumenical officer of the Roman Catholic Diocese of San Diego. "When we celebrate Easter on different days, it's a sign that we can't even get our celebrations together, much less our doctrines."
Archpriest George Morelli, a pastor with St. George's Antiochian Orthodox Church in San Diego and president of the Eastern Orthodox Clergy Conference of San Diego (and a regular columnist for the North County Times' Faith & Values section), said the two celebration dates are also a concern among his parishioners.
"We do care," he said. "We wish that we could get together on this."
But it's complicated, he added. While it would be nice to have all Christians mark Easter on the same day, many in the Orthodox Church believe the two different celebrations highlight and differentiate the Eastern church "as the one unbroken church -- keeping the same traditions," Morelli said.
The term "orthodox" means "right believing" or "correct, true glory," while "catholic" means "universal." Members of the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches each believe that their church is the so-called original church that can trace its roots directly to Jesus and his apostles, and each church recognizes the legitimacy of the other's apostolic succession.
The Julian calendar predates by centuries the more commonly used Gregorian calendar of today, and the Orthodox church uses the venerable calendar to determine Easter, which for them is the first Sunday after the spring equinox and its first full moon, and after the Jewish Passover, Morelli said.
"There is a theological reason for that," Morelli said, of the inclusion of the equinox in the calculation. "The reason is, there is not a place on Earth that is not touched by the light of the sun (at the equinox). Every place on Earth, from the sun itself, or the sun reflecting off the full moon, is lit up by the sun, and Christ is considered to be the light that illuminates all."
Theology aside, reconciling the two dates is a goal discussed locally and internationally, he said.
"We have meetings where we talk about issues, about how we can understand each other and get together and push from the bottom up so that the pope of Rome and patriarchs of the east can work these problems out," Morelli said of his clergy conference.
On a global level, the Joint International Commission for Theological Dialogue between the Orthodox churches and the Catholic churches meets to discuss such issues, he said. A compromise has yet to be reached, he said.
Mikulanis said recent leaders of the Roman Catholic Church have called on both churches to celebrate Easter together.
"Pope Paul VI and Pope John Paul II both publicly stated, 'Let's celebrate Easter on a common date, you pick the date,' " he said. "The Roman Catholic Church is willing to celebrate Easter if they (the Orthodox Church) were to pick a specific date instead of bouncing all over."
For Catholics, Easter is celebrated on the Sunday following the first full moon after the spring equinox, according to the Catholic Catechism, the official teachings of the Catholic Church.
The method of calculation is similar to the Orthodox Church's. Some years the celebrations fall on the same date, as will be the case next year. But because of the differences in the Gregorian and Julian calendars, Easter usually occurs on different dates for the two churches, Mikulanis said.
"It's very complicated," he said.
Ultimately, a shared celebration is something to continue to strive for.
"For centuries, since 1054, there has been animosity between Roman Catholics and Eastern Orthodox," Mikulanis said. "Those differences have been slowly whittled away. We are coming closer and closer to one another, seeing one another as brothers and sisters in Christ."


Microsoft explains how its AI solutions are being used to keep infrastructure safe
Microsoft has often highlighted the importance of artificial intelligence (AI), especially in the past few weeks. Whether it be the launch of a book regarding the significant role of AI in manufacturing, or the detailing of its AI innovations being used to help the environment, it is apparent, and perhaps expected, that Microsoft holds the field of study in high regard. As recently as today, the company released a report describing expected global GDP growth and reduced greenhouse gas emissions through the help of AI.
Now, the Redmond firm has detailed how its AI services, along with modern drones and cameras, are being used to keep important infrastructure such as roads and bridges safe.
Initially, the common problem shared between the construction of bridges and roads is described as structural degradation due to traffic and weather conditions. Although the detection of such faults is usually quite a difficult task, Microsoft states that its tech services have successfully been implemented by various companies in order to help with it.
The Great Belt Bridge connecting the Danish islands of Zealand and Funen has been provided as an example. Sund & Bælt, which is the firm responsible for its maintenance, has worked with Microsoft to create an innovative AI solution that also harnesses the power of drones. Said drones capture thousands of pictures of the bridge, eliminating the need for manual labor, which are then uploaded to the Azure cloud. Machine learning (ML) algorithms then help detect whether cracks are present, with the in-place AI then suggesting areas which need repair. Successful implementation of this solution has led to the company using it for other bridge construction processes as well.
In a similar manner, construction company BAM Infra Nederland, along with software integrator OrangeNXT, has deployed a system that can accurately detect and classify damages on paved surfaces. This has been made possible through Azure, machine learning, and other modern AI services. The inner workings of the solution have been described in the following manner:
"The new solution sees vehicles equipped with 360-degree cameras record video footage from every angle, before they are uploaded to the Azure cloud, where AI-powered algorithms automatically flag any causes for concern. These images also capture geospatial data, allowing inspectors to accurately trace them back to their real-world location. This improves the speed, quality, efficiency, and accuracy of these visual road checks, enabling predictive asphalt maintenance, while reducing costs – freeing inspectors to focus their expertise where it is really needed."
As a result of its advantages, Microsoft also mentions that the aforementioned Netherlands-based firms are considering selling the developed system as a software-as-a-service solution.
Although the power of AI is undoubtedly being utilized in a multitude of areas in today's world, Microsoft has now demonstrated a couple of ways through which it is specifically harnessing AI to help keep roads and bridges safe.
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When 136 Bird Species Show Up at a Feeder, Which One Wins?
By Alison Haigh
January 8, 2018
Feeder bird fight club, illustration by Jillian DitnerIn the study, 136 bird species were each given ability scores (given below each name) based on FeederWatch data about their dominance relative to other species. The higher a bird's score, the more swagger it has at the feeder. Graphic by Jillian Ditner, Bartels Science Illustrator.
There's something tranquil about watching birds coexist at your backyard feeder, pecking away in their quirky abandon. That is, until the local Blue Jay arrives, flushing all your daintier songbirds out in a raucous flurry. It might seem like just plain bullying, but there's more going on than meets the eye in the fast-moving (and frankly addicting) world of bird-feeder drama. Setting out a limited food resource (like a feeder full of seeds) in a time of scarcity (like winter) naturally brings birds into conflict. Just beyond your kitchen windowpane, your backyard feeder is creating the perfect stage to glimpse the inner workings of birds' social lives—what behavioral ecologists call "dominance hierarchies."
Birds at feeders are like members of a not-so-secret fight club, and the rulebook is in the dominance hierarchy. For a chance to eat in the safety of a flock, they must constantly appease, avoid, or consequently get walloped by more dominant birds. Scientists have spent decades working out the dominance hierarchies among just two or three species. But now, with the help of thousands of citizen scientists, a team of researchers has pieced together a hierarchy that ranks the feeder-fight-club performance of 136 North American bird species.
Cornell Lab of Ornithology postdoctoral associate Eliot Miller spearheaded the analysis and now holds the results. Miller found his volunteers through Project FeederWatch, a joint Cornell Lab and Bird Studies Canada project that recruits more than 20,000 backyard bird watchers from coast to coast. Miller asked feeder watchers who were already counting birds to record any "interspecific interactions" (or interactions among species) that could define the hierarchy. For example, if a White-breasted Nuthatch flared its wings at a Black-capped Chickadee, and the chickadee flew off from the feeder in response, that classified as a "successful displacement." Feeder watchers recorded 7,653 such observations between November 2016 and April 2017.
Using a computer program, Miller collapsed that data set into "ability scores" for each species: a single number that describes each species' ability to compete with others. It ranged from an alpha bird (the Wild Turkey at 66.93) to the meekest of the bunch (Eurasian Tree Sparrow at –24.46). In the same way college basketball teams can be ranked even though they don't all play each other, this metric allowed scientists to generate scores for comparing birds that don't normally interact. From there, constructing the dominance hierarchy was easy: "We just ranked species based on their scores," said Miller.
The full 136-species data set is too big to fit in a single graph, but explore this diagram to see how North America's top 13 feeder species fared:
Download a free poster of common backyard birds
When comparing where a bird fell on the dominance hierarchy to where it fell on a weight scale, a general rule emerged: the bigger the bird, the badder. If you were the size of a White-throated Sparrow (score: –1.86), you'd shy away from a Common Raven (38.19), too.
But as with most general rules in the natural world, there are exceptions. Doves were more subordinate and had lower scores than their burly stature would imply, thus living up to their peaceful reputation. Woodpeckers, warblers, and hummingbirds all performed better than expected, placing them surprisingly high on the dominance hierarchy. In other words, they punched above their weight.
"Warblers are just pugnacious little things," Miller said, referring to the Yellow-rumped, Pine, Palm, Townsend's, and Orange-crowned Warblers in his feeder study. "They're hopped up on testosterone a lot of times and are used to defending winter territories, while most other feeder birds aren't."
He also noted that "hummingbirds defend floral resources against other hummingbirds constantly, and very aggressively. It makes them good fighters."
Heavy bills and strong claws make woodpeckers the plucky under-birds of their weight class. Eastern Bluebirds (score: –0.84) are outranked by the smaller Downy Woodpecker (score: –0.64), which perhaps isn't surprising given that woodpeckers are built for smashing their heads into tree trunks.
Dominance TriangleSome of the feeder-bird patterns in Miller's research aren't one-to-one (bird A dominates bird B). For example, House and Purple Finches and Dark-eyed Juncos form a rock-paper-scissors triangle. House Finch by Stuart Edwards, Purple Finch by Jamie Lenh, Dark-eyed Junco by Deborah Bifulco, via Birdshare.
Not every dominance pattern is linear, though. A separate analysis uncovered some dominance triangles in which three birds had one-to-one relationships independent of each other, like a game of birdy rock-paper-scissors. For example, the House Finch dominates the Purple Finch, and the Purple Finch dominates the Dark-eyed Junco, but the junco dominates House Finch.
Red-headed Woodpeckers, Red-bellied Woodpeckers, and European Starlings, which all compete for nesting cavities, are locked in a similar dominance triangle. In that case, Miller notes that starlings are an invasive species that "might be disrupting a nicely constructed hierarchy."
Miller says he has only scratched the surface of studying dominance hierarchies. These hierarchies could vary seasonally, or between habitats or regions. For example, Lesser Goldfinches are dominant to Pine Siskins in Texas, but the opposite is true in Oregon.
Miller, E.T., D.N. Bonter, C. Eldermire, B.G. Freeman, E.I. Greig, L.J. Harmon, C. Lisle, and W.M. Hochachka. 2017. Fighting over food unites the birds of North America in a continental dominance hierarchy. Behavioral Ecology. doi:10.1093/beheco/arx108.
Miller also thinks dominance may play a role in defining a bird's range.
"Interactions with competitors might shape [species] distributions," he explains. For example, he wonders if Red-breasted Nuthatches are capable of breeding farther south in higher numbers, but they just can't compete with the White-breasted Nuthatches that already live there. The Red-breasted Nuthatch's ability score of –3.50 is nearly a full point less than the White-breasted Nuthatch's, at –2.51.
"We really know very little about how potential competitors interact where their ranges overlap," says Miller. In fact, he admits that his original research question was supposed to be about the effect of dominance on where birds establish territories, but studying dominance itself pulled him in. "I've been a bit sidetracked now, in a good way, exploring the dominance hierarchy itself."
He has a right to be. As the first to talk about an interspecific hierarchy with this many members, Miller is breaking the rules a bit. After all, the first rule of bird-feeder fight club is, don't squawk about it.
Alison Haigh is an Environmental Biology and Applied Ecology major at Cornell University (class of 2019). Her work on this story was made possible by the Cornell Lab of Ornithology Science Communication Fund, with support from Jay Branegan (Cornell '72) and Stefania Pittaluga.
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[[!toc]] Manipulating trees with monads ------------------------------ This topic develops an idea based on a suggestion of Ken Shan's. We'll build a series of functions that operate on trees, doing various things, including updating leaves with a Reader monad, counting nodes with a State monad, copying the tree with a List monad, and converting a tree into a list of leaves with a Continuation monad. It will turn out that the continuation monad can simulate the behavior of each of the other monads. From an engineering standpoint, we'll build a tree machine that deals in monads. We can modify the behavior of the system by swapping one monad for another. We've already seen how adding a monad can add a layer of funtionality without disturbing the underlying system, for instance, in the way that the Reader monad allowed us to add a layer of intensionality to an extensional grammar. But we have not yet seen the utility of replacing one monad with other. First, we'll be needing a lot of trees for the remainder of the course. Here again is a type constructor for leaf-labeled, binary trees: type 'a tree = Leaf of 'a | Node of ('a tree * 'a tree);; [How would you adjust the type constructor to allow for labels on the internal nodes?] We'll be using trees where the nodes are integers, e.g., let t1 = Node (Node (Leaf 2, Leaf 3), Node (Leaf 5, Node (Leaf 7, Leaf 11))). ___|___ | |.. _|_ _|__ | | | | 2 3 5. _|__ | | 7 11 Our first task will be to replace each leaf with its double: let rec tree_map (leaf_modifier : 'a -> 'b) (t : 'a tree) : 'b tree = match t with | Leaf i -> Leaf (leaf_modifier i) | Node (l, r) -> Node (tree_map leaf_modifier l, tree_map leaf_modifier r);; 'tree_map' takes a tree and a function that transforms old leaves into new leaves, and maps that function over all the leaves in the tree, leaving the structure of the tree unchanged. For instance: let double i = i + i;; tree_map double t1;; - : int tree = Node (Node (Leaf 4, Leaf 6), Node (Leaf 10, Node (Leaf 14, Leaf 22))). ___|____ | |.. _|__ __|__ | | | | 4 6 10. __|___ | | 14 22 We could have built the doubling operation right into the 'tree_map' code. However, because we've made what to do to each leaf a parameter, we can decide to do something else to the leaves without needing to rewrite 'tree_map'. For instance, we can easily square each leaf instead, by supplying the appropriate 'int -> int' operation in place of 'double': let square i = i * i;; tree_map square t1;; - : int tree = Node (Node (Leaf 4, Leaf 9), Node (Leaf 25, Node (Leaf 49, Leaf 121))) Note that what 'tree_map' does is take some unchanging contextual information---what to do to each leaf---and supplies that information to each subpart of the computation. In other words, 'tree_map' has the behavior of a Reader monad. Let's make that explicit. In general, we're on a journey of making our 'tree_map' function more and more flexible. So the next step---combining the tree transformer with a Reader monad---is to have the 'tree_map' function return a (monadized) tree that is ready to accept any 'int -> int' function and produce the updated tree. fun e ->. _____|____ | |.. __|___ __|___ | | | | e 2 e 3 e 5. __|___ | | e 7 e 11 That is, we want to transform the ordinary tree 't1' (of type 'int tree') into a reader monadic object of type '(int -> int) -> int tree': something that, when you apply it to an 'int -> int' function 'e' returns an 'int tree' in which each leaf 'i' has been replaced with 'e i'. [Application note: this kind of reader object could provide a model for Kaplan's characters. It turns an ordinary tree into one that expects contextual information (here, the 'e') that can be used to compute the content of indexicals embedded arbitrarily deeply in the tree.] With our previous applications of the Reader monad, we always knew which kind of environment to expect: either an assignment function, as in the original calculator simulation; a world, as in the intensionality monad; an individual, as in the Jacobson-inspired link monad; etc. In the present case, we expect that our "environment" will be some function of type 'int -> int'. "Looking up" some 'int' in the environment will return us the 'int' that comes out the other side of that function. type 'a reader = (int -> int) -> 'a;; let reader_unit (a : 'a) : 'a reader = fun _ -> a;; let reader_bind (u: 'a reader) (f : 'a -> 'b reader) : 'b reader = fun e -> f (u e) e;; It would be a simple matter to turn an *integer* into an 'int reader': let asker : int -> int reader = fun (a : int) -> fun (modifier : int -> int) -> modifier a;; asker 2 (fun i -> i + i);; - : int = 4 'asker a' is a monadic box that waits for an an environment (here, the argument 'modifier') and returns what that environment maps 'a' to. How do we do the analagous transformation when our 'int's are scattered over the leaves of a tree? How do we turn an 'int tree' into a reader? A tree is not the kind of thing that we can apply a function of type 'int -> int' to. But we can do this: let rec tree_monadize (f : 'a -> 'b reader) (t : 'a tree) : 'b tree reader = match t with | Leaf a -> reader_bind (f a) (fun b -> reader_unit (Leaf b)) | Node (l, r) -> reader_bind (tree_monadize f l) (fun l' -> reader_bind (tree_monadize f r) (fun r' -> reader_unit (Node (l', r'))));; This function says: give me a function 'f' that knows how to turn something of type ''a' into an ''b reader'---this is a function of the same type that you could bind an ''a reader' to, such as 'asker' or 'reader_unit'---and I'll show you how to turn an ''a tree' into an ''b tree reader'. That is, if you show me how to do this: ------------ 1 ---> | 1 | ------------ then I'll give you back the ability to do this: ____________. |. | __|___ ---> | __|___ | | | | | | | 1 2 | 1 2 | ------------ And how will that boxed tree behave? Whatever actions you perform on it will be transmitted down to corresponding operations on its leaves. For instance, our 'int reader' expects an 'int -> int' environment. If supplying environment 'e' to our 'int reader' doubles the contained 'int': ------------ 1 ---> | 1 | applied to e ~~> 2 ------------ Then we can expect that supplying it to our 'int tree reader' will double all the leaves: ____________. |. |. __|___ ---> | __|___ | applied to e ~~> __|___ | | | | | | | | 1 2 | 1 2 | 2 4 ------------ In more fanciful terms, the 'tree_monadize' function builds plumbing that connects all of the leaves of a tree into one connected monadic network; it threads the ''b reader' monad through the original tree's leaves. # tree_monadize asker t1 double;; - : int tree = Node (Node (Leaf 4, Leaf 6), Node (Leaf 10, Node (Leaf 14, Leaf 22))) Here, our environment is the doubling function ('fun i -> i + i'). If we apply the very same 'int tree reader' (namely, 'tree_monadize asker t1') to a different 'int -> int' function---say, the squaring function, 'fun i -> i * i'---we get an entirely different result: # tree_monadize asker t1 square;; - : int tree = Node (Node (Leaf 4, Leaf 9), Node (Leaf 25, Node (Leaf 49, Leaf 121))) Now that we have a tree transformer that accepts a *reader* monad as a parameter, we can see what it would take to swap in a different monad. For instance, we can use a State monad to count the number of leaves in the tree. type 'a state = int -> 'a * int;; let state_unit a = fun s -> (a, s);; let state_bind u f = fun s ->


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Five Common Decorating Mistakes
Five Common Decorating Mistakes By Stephanie Platt, Interior Designer and Staging Assistant for A Goode Start Are you decorating a space in your house or do you have a space that just doesn't;t work and you can't figure out what the problem is? Below is a list of some common mistakes that when addressed can make a big impact on your space. 1. Not Enough Light - The key to creating an effective lighting plan in your space is to use layers. There are three categories of lighting and all three need to be used to create a well lit space. GeneralGeneral lighting, also known as ambient light, provides your room with overall light. The most common types of general lighting is chandeliers, ceiling or wall mounted fixtures, recessed lights and floor/table lamps. The overall light in a space should be comfortable and allow you to perform tasks and move around safely. TaskThink of task light as light for your work space. It is lighting that helps you perform certain ac


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The claim rejections are returned by the MoH. The 'Rejection Report' is the summary of the rejected claims generated by MDBilling.ca. Rejected claims can be fixed and resubmitted - no need to resubmit as a new claim.
You have reached the maximum number of times you can bill this code within a time period. For example, consults/(re) assessments have limits on the number of times you can bill in a 12-month period – refer to the Schedule of Benefits, section GP12 for more details.
Consider billing a lower paying code (e.g., if originally billed a Consultation, then resubmit with a Medical Specific Assessment). Alternatively, if the patient is seen for a second time with a clearly defined unrelated diagnosis, then consider billing the same service code again, but with the different diagnosis code. Refer to the Schedule of Benefits section GP12 for more details.
You can obtain further information by doing the following:
1. Reviewing the Schedule of Benefits. Here is the link to the SoB: Physician Services Under the Health Insurance Act; or
2. Contacting your Ministry of Health Claim Assessor for advice: How do I find my Claim Assessor?
Please let me know if you have any questions.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Your students will have fun practicing multiplication as they solve emoji mystery pictures! Students solve math problems and color by code. This set of math mysteries reviews the following:
Multiplication of 2 digits by 1 digit
Multiplication of 3 digits by 1 digit
Mixed Multiplication Practice
There are 5 engaging, print-and-pass-out activity pages! Also included are answer keys and 2 work mats to choose from for figuring problems!
SAVE BIG by purchasing the GROWING BUNDLE! It contains all current Emoji Math Mystery Pictures at a 20% discount. By purchasing the growing bundle, you will also receive all future Emoji Math Mystery Pictures sets FREE!
Emoji Math Mystery Pictures GROWING Bundle
This set of mystery pictures is also included in the following bundles:
Emoji Math Mystery Pictures Bundle 2
Emoji MULTIPLICATION Math Mystery Pictures Bundle
These math mysteries are great for:
1. Math Centers
2. Early Finishers
The following Common Core Standards are included:
4.NBT.4 - Multiply a whole number of up to four digits by a one digit whole number
5.NBT.5 – Fluently multiply multi-digit whole numbers using the standard algorithm
I hope you choose to download this product. If you do and find it helpful, please leave a great rating, follow me, and check out the other products in my store. Thank you!
~For personal and single classroom use only.~


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Tuesday, December 14, 2010
Grand Exhibit Hall (Town and Country Hotel and Convention Center)
In surveying native pollinators, it is useful to know which traps are most effective in collecting both the highest possible diversity as well as the most individual specimens. Variations in trap type, elevation, and color all potentially play a role in the success of the sampling method. In the following study, four Georgia apple orchards were setup using the same 100mX100m plot design, which were then sampled routinely from March-October, 2010. Trap variations were identical for each site, and included color (UV-reactive yellow, UV-reactive blue, and white) as well as trap elevation (level and 3-foot elevated). When comparing trap colors for both vaneand pan-traps, yellow traps attracted the most pollinators overall. Specifically, the Andrenids and Sphecids almost exclusively preferred yellow, while Apids were drawn primarily to blue. Halictid numbers were divided relatively evenly between both yellow and blue. Dipteran pollinators were overwhelmingly drawn to yellow, though many calyptrate flies also frequented blue and white. Differences in trap height resulted in a far less species-specific variation in the number of specimens collected per trap than did color, but did ultimately produce marked differences in the total number of pollinators sampled. Level pan-traps consistently offered more specimens than elevated, though the color of the individual pan was a better guide to estimate potential pollinator sample loads. By and large, yellow vane-traps and level yellow pan-traps were the most effective in collecting the greatest abundance and diversity of native pollinators, however important exceptions did occur – principally in the family Apidae.


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"Developing Connective Leadership: Successes with Thinking Maps®"
by Kim Williams, Larry Alper and David Hyerle
If you want us to send you a digital copy of selected chapters of our book on leadership using Thinking Maps®, just send me an email at _EMAIL_
Developing Connective Leadership has nearly 50 examples and in the context of school based case studies from the use of Thinking Maps® for leadership. All of the participants had engaged in leadership training offered by Thinking Maps, Inc. The book opens with a review of the literature on leadership, an introduction to Thinking Maps®, and a definition of Connective Leadership. The chapters focus on individual, interpersonal, collaborative (PLCs), schoolwide, and system wide applications.
Our research surfaced these 5 themes across all of these essential areas for leadership success:
Five Common Themes
While the settings of our case studies vary, five common themes connect the stories we'll explore:
1. Clarity: Connections drawn individually and collectively with a common language in hand
2. Efficiency: Communication that promotes and engages deep thinking
3. Collaboration: Engagementthroughacommonlanguageforthinkingontheoften
hazardous journey of problem solving and decision making
4. Empowerment: Affirmationofthepowerofthegroupandtheindividualswithinit not from positional power but from the latent power of their ideas
5. Sustainability: Constant dialogue across members of a learning organization as a prerequisite to viable, sustainable, and organizational growth over the long term
Just send me an email and you will receive chapters from the book, along with success stories you have using Thinking Maps®!


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The term is sometimes confused with Mesolithic, and the two are sometimes used as synonyms. Yet, when a distinction is made, Epipaleolithic is used for those cultures that were not much affected by the ending of the Ice Age and the term Mesolithic is reserved for Western Europe where the extinction of the Megafauna had a great influence on the paleolithic populations at the end of the Ice Age.
References[change | change source]
- like the Natufian culture of Western Asia (see article agriculture, origins of. (2008). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved April 10, 2008, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online).


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The flap book for the Medina Arabic book for infants and toddlers was such a success here alhamdulillah that I made a quick and simple extension for it insha'Allah. I did this based on what I observed here: the flap that had the masjid under it is the one that has enjoyed being lifted over and over and over again alhamdulillah. So I made a simple flap book containing different colour masaajid. This flap book extends the learning to include colour words in Arabic insha'Allah. This book is called 'Hatha Masjid' (This masjid).
I also added another element to this little flap book based on another observation: the board books that have touch and feel aspects to them are very popular and when a board book is read that does not have that feature, the little hands feel the page searching for something to touch and feel. So this book has a sensory aspect to it as well insha'Allah. You can expand on this idea to include things that you notice about your infant/toddler insha'Allah. For example, the masaajid in this little flap book are made out of foam but you can include felt, velvet, flannel, sandpaper, etc. or whatever other safe material you feel will offer your child a sensory experience insha'Allah.
This little flap book is made in much the same way as the Medina Arabic Book for Infants & Toddlers and because it is basic, it takes less time to construct insha'Allah. Here is the Arabic text (with English translation) that I used in the book.
An additional extension to the Medina Arabic Book for Infants & Toddlers is to gather objects that are represented in the pictures under the flaps. For example, a small wooden house, a real key, a small wooden chair from a doll house, etc. Place 3 items on a tray along with the book Ma Hatha? (What is this?). After reading the book to the infant or toddler, take the three items off of the tray and place them from right to left (not left to right if you are trying to teach the child to read Arabic) on a work mat (read about how/why work mats are used in Montessori education here insha'Allah). Ask the child, "Please give me the house." Continue asking for objects until the child successfully gives you the object you ask for with ease and accuracy insha'Allah. If the child hands you an object that you did not ask for, simply say, "Jazakum Allahu Khayr. That is a (key for example). Please hand me the house insha'Allah." Increase the number of objects once the child acquires skill and proficiency insha'Allah.


text:
A Gondola on the Grand Canal, Venice, 1866
Signed and dated
17 7/8 x 13 7/8 in. (45.4 x 35.2 cm)
William Callow made several visits to Italy, each time making drawings and sketches that he used in London to produce finished watercolors. The Grand Canal in Venice has always been a popular subject for artists, and in the eighteenth century many images were produced of the great water festivals that took place there. During such festivals, processions of highly decorated gondolas progressed through the city's canals like a floating carnival. The gondola is the main mode of transport in Venice. This long, narrow boat is propelled by the gondolier, who uses a pole to propel the craft through the water. In Callow's painting, the gondolier can be seen pushing his gondola away from the steps of a house on the right of the picture. The striped red and white poles rising up from the canal were used as moorings to tie up the gondolas; each house had its own set of poles. Two figures lounging on the steps emphasize the proximity of water to the city's buildings.
Sotheby's, London, March 26, 1975, lot 250; with Thomas Agnew & Sons, London; with Galerie de Cadre, Paris; private collection, U.K.; Christie's, London, July 8, 1997, lot 74
See Artist Profile


text:
- excruciate •
Part of Speech: Verb, transitive
Meaning: To torment, to torture, to inflict severe physical or mental on someone.
Notes: Today's Good Word is probably most often heard in the redundant phrase excruciating pain, in other words, extremely painful pain. The participle, excruciating, is used freely as an adjective, but there is an independent noun, excruciation. The agent noun, excruciator, is very rarely used but stands ready if needed.
In Play: While torture applies to systematic physical maltreatment, today's word refers to more casual torment: "Mallory seemed to enjoy excruciating his guests with his accordion." The torment may be mental or physical: "Although Pamela felt quite fashionable at the cotillion, her new shoes excruciated her toes all night."
Word History: Today's word comes from the past participle of Latin excruciare "to torture out, crucify". It is based on ex "out" + cruciare "to crucify", a verb based on crux (cruc-s) "cross", also used by English as the crux of a problem. Since the original root behind crux meant "bent, crooked", we might think crux related to English crook. However, the [k] sounds would have been reduced to [h] or have vanished entirely in English, so no connection can be drawn. (We must be straight with Luis Alejandro Apiolaza, however, and thank him for suggesting today's Good Word, lest our oversight in any way excruciate him.)
Come visit our website at for more Good Words and other language resources!


Brave bird fearlessly protects its nest from a herd of elephants
When things come to our family, most us will do whatever it takes to keep peace and protect the sound health of our beloved ones. Same happens in the wild nature. At times scientists become witnesses of situations which seem impossible. This time such an amazing encounter between a bird and a herd of elephants took place in Kenya's Maasai Mara National Reserve.
A crowned crane lost his fear when it saw several elephants approaching the bird's nest. The winged hero started to show protecting poses in front of elepants trying to turn them back and move in the opposite direction from the nest. The reaction of the elephants is also very unusual. Being stronger that the bird, these huge creature seemed bemused watching the crane raising its wings and making shouting sounds. At first, they were not much convinced by the bird's performance. However, the winged warrior approached the elephant calf and tried to explain the need of going away to the baby, adult elephants became little bit annoyd and disturbed.
After a few attempts the efforts of the crowned crane were finally successfull. The elephants left the place and went to gaze somewhere else.
Watch the video of this amazing encounter


text:
A MaxDiff analysis (short for maximum difference scaling) is a research technique used to identify consumer preferences among a set of attributes, such as flavors or product features. MaxDiff questions show respondents subsets of attributes, and for each set require respondents to select their best and worst options for the given set.
MaxDiff is a relative measure, meaning results will show performance (or preference) within the given list of attributes, but it won't validate performance in the real world. Preferences gauged in a MaxDiff study are only as good as the attributes themselves, so a respondent could look at a set of attributes and dislike all of them, but they still have to choose their best and worst from the bunch. Pairing MaxDiff with an absolute measure, like a purchase intent question, such as 'which of the following flavors would you consider purchasing' or a more in-depth study like a TURF analysis, helps to ground the relative results with real world metrics.
Experimental design is key to achieve accurate and reliable MaxDiff results. Luckily, most survey platforms including Suzy will calculate and determine the best experimental design for your MaxDiff study. The key components of a strong MaxDiff study focus on balanced experimental designensuring that all attributes in the study are exposed equally, and no attribute has stronger exposure than another. For a deep dive into the components of MaxDiff study design, please click here!
After collecting the best/worst selections from all respondents, a MaxDiff analysis uses the following formula to calculate a MaxDiff utility score, which is used to gauge preference for each item within the set.
Benefits of MaxDiff:
Consider this: Imagine you ask respondents to rank 20+ flavors from best to worst. This would be very fatiguing for the respondent, not to mention each respondent probably only has strong opinions about the 1-2 best and 1-2 worst, and they're likely to be somewhat indifferent to the rest. The middle attributes are unlikely to reflect an accurate preference order, which can have a flattening effect on results, leaving you without a clear direction.
Now that you understand MaxDiff, head over to this article to learn more about MaxDiff on Suzy!


text:
operating system recognizes different classes of logins. How you log in
to the system determines the login class to which you
belong. Based on your login class, as well as the time of day or day of
the week, the system manager controls your access to the system.
1.5.1 Interactive Logins
Interactive logins include the following login classes:
You log in from a terminal connected directly to the central
processor or from a terminal server that communicates directly with the
You log in to a terminal that uses a modem and a telephone line to
make a connection to the computer system. Depending on the terminal
that your system uses, you might need to execute a few additional steps
initially. Your site security administrator can give you the necessary
You log in to a node over the network by entering the DCL command
SET HOST. For example, to access the remote node HUBBUB, you enter the
If you have access to an account on node HUBBUB, you can log in to
that account from your local node. You have access to the facilities on
node HUBBUB, but you remain physically connected to your local node.
For additional information on remote sessions, see Section 1.12.2.
1.5.2 Noninteractive Logins
Noninteractive logins include the following:
- Network Logins
The system performs a network login when you initiate a network
task on a remote node, such as displaying the contents of a directory
or copying files stored in a directory on another node. Both your
current system and the remote system must be nodes in the same network.
In the file specification, you identify the target node and provide an
access control string, which includes your user name and password for
the remote node.
For example, a network login occurs when user
GREG, who has an account on remote node PARIS, enters the following
$ DIRECTORY PARIS"GREG 8G4FR93A"::WORK2:[PUBLIC]*.*;*
This command displays a listing of all the files in the public
directory on disk WORK2. It also reveals the password 8G4FR93A. A more
secure way to perform the same task would be to use a proxy account on
node PARIS. For an example of a proxy login, see
- Batch Logins
The system performs a batch login when a batch job that you
submitted runs. Authorization to build the job is
determined at the time the job is submitted. When the system prepares
to execute the job, the job controller creates a noninteractive process
that logs in to your account. No password is required when the job logs
1.6 Login Failures
Logins can fail for any number of reasons. One of your passwords might
have changed or your account might have expired. You might be
attempting to log in over the network or from a modem but be
unauthorized to do so. The following table summarizes common reasons
for login failure:
No response from the terminal
A defective terminal, a terminal that requires a system password, or a
terminal that is not powered on.
No response from any terminal
The system is down.
No response from the terminal when you enter the system password
The system password changed.
"User authorization failure"
A typing error in your user name or password.
The account or password expired.
"Not authorized to log in from this source"
Your particular class of login (local, dialup, remote, interactive,
batch, or network) is prohibited.
"Not authorized to log in at this time"
You do not have access to log in during this hour or this day of the
"User authorization failure" (and no known user failure occurred)
An apparent break-in has been attempted at the terminal using your user
name, and the system has temporarily disabled all logins at that
terminal by your user name.
The following sections describe the reasons for login failure in more
1.6.1 Terminals That Require System Passwords
You cannot log in if the terminal you attempt to use requires a system
password and you are unaware of the requirement. All attempts at
logging in fail until you enter the system password.
If you know the system password, perform the steps described in
Section 1.3.5. If your attempts fail, it is possible that the system
password has been changed. If you do not know the system password and
you suspect that this is the problem, try to log in at another terminal
or request the new system password.
1.6.2 Login Class Restrictions
If you attempt a class of login that is prohibited in your UAF record,
your login will fail. For example, your security administrator can
restrict you from logging in over the network. If you attempt a network
login, you receive a message telling you that you are not authorized to
log in from this source.
Your security administrator can restrict your logins to include or
exclude any of the following classes: local, remote, dialup, batch, or
1.6.3 Shift Restrictions
Another cause of login difficulty is failure to observe your shift
restrictions. A system manager or security administrator can control
access to the system based on the time of day or the day of the week.
These restrictions are imposed on classes of logins. The security
administrator can apply the same work-time restrictions to all classes
of logins or choose to place different restrictions on different login
If you attempt a login during a time prohibited for that login class,
your login fails. The system notifies you that you are not authorized
to log in at this time.
1.6.4 Batch Jobs During Shift Restrictions
When shift restrictions apply to batch jobs, jobs you submit that are
scheduled to run outside your permitted work times are not run. The
system does not automatically resubmit such jobs during your next
available permitted work time. Similarly, if you have initiated any
kind of job and attempt to run it beyond your permitted time periods,
the job controller aborts the uncompleted job when the end of your
allocated work shift is reached. This job termination behavior applies
to all jobs.
1.6.5 Failures During Dialup Logins
Your security administrator can control the number of opportunities you
are given to enter a correct password during a dialup login before the
connection is automatically broken.
If your login fails and you have attempts remaining, press the Enter
key and try again. You can do this until you succeed or reach the
limit. If the connection is lost, you can redial the access line and
The typical reason for limiting the number of dialup login failures is
to discourage unauthorized users attempting to learn passwords by trial
and error. They already have the advantage of anonymity because of the
dialup line. Of course, limiting the number of tries for each dialup
does not necessarily stop this kind of break-in attempt. It only
requires the perpetrator to redial and start another login.
1.6.6 Break-In Evasion Procedures
If anyone has made a number of failed attempts to log in at the same
terminal with your user name, the system can respond as though a
break-in attempt is in progress. That is, the system
concludes that someone is attempting to gain illegal access to the
system by using your user name.
At the discretion of your security administrator, break-in evasion
measures can be in effect for all users of the system. The security
administrator controls how many password attempts are allowed over what
period of time. Once break-in evasion tactics are triggered, you cannot
log in to the terminal---even with your correct password---during a
defined interval. Your security administrator can tell you how long you
must wait before reattempting the login, or you can move to another
terminal to attempt a login.
If you suspect that break-in evasion is preventing your login and you
have not personally experienced any login failures, contact your
security administrator immediately. Together, you should attempt
another login and check the message that reveals the number of login
failures since the last login to confirm or deny your suspicion of
break-in attempts. (If your system does not normally display the login
message, your security administrator can use the Authorize utility
(AUTHORIZE) to examine the data in your UAF record.) With prompt
action, your security administrator can locate someone attempting
logins at another terminal.
1.7 Changing Passwords
Changing passwords on a regular basis promotes system security. To
change your password, enter the DCL command SET PASSWORD.
The system manager can allow you to select a password on your own or
can require that you use the automatic password generator when you
change your password. If you select your own password, note that the
password must follow system restrictions on length and acceptability
(see Section 1.3.3).
There is no restriction on how many times you can change your password
in a given period of time.
The following example shows a password choice that is too short:
$ SET PASSWORD
%SET-F-INVPWDLEN, password length must be between 12 and 32
characters; password not changed


text:
for National Geographic News
If a worker ant dares to reproduce in the presence of the queen, her sisters will smell her attempt and attack, according to a new study.
Typically, only queens produce offspring in an ant colony, and males die after mating. The sons and the daughter queens fly away, with hopes of reproducing elsewhere, while the worker daughters stay on to build the colony and care for the next generation.
These worker ants are biologically capable of a type of parthenogenesis, the process that allows a female to produce offspring without a mate. When they try, however, they produce chemicals called pheromones that their sisters detect with antennas.
"It's basically smell, but not the smell we know," said study co-author Jürgen Liebig of Arizona State University.
If the colony lacks a queen, workers are permitted to have their own babies, Liebig explained.
But when a queen is present, only she is allowed to produce the pheromone that signals fertility status. If a worker tries to "cheat," her sisters will physically restrain the disobedient ant from successfully reproducing.
(Related: "Ants Practice Nepotism, Study Finds" [February 26, 2003].)
The research was published online January 8 in the journal Current Biology.
Scent of a Woman Ant
Previous studies showed a correlation between ant's reproductive policing behavior and these pheromones, Liebig said, so there was strong reason to believe the chemicals were tipping them off.
"The problem was that nobody could ever show it," he said.
Liebig's team studied the ant species Aphaenogaster cockerelli because it uses a simple version of the compound that the scientists could easily obtain.
SOURCES AND RELATED WEB SITES


text:
Red GUI Architecture
VID stands for Visual Interface Dialect. It is a dialect of Red, providing the simplest possible way to specify graphic components with their properties, layouts and even event handlers. VID code is compiled at runtime to a tree of faces suitable for displaying.
The GUI code engine contains several parts:
Platform-independent faces management engine
Reactive actions events
Draw dialect interpreter
Reactive actions can be defined directly from VID dialect or can be specified directly using the REACT function.
Draw is a Red dialect for 2D vector drawing. It can be specified in different ways:
in VID layouts
directly in the
drawproperty of any face object
using the DRAW function to draw directly onto an image
An internal API allows multiple backends (OS/graphic system combinations) so that the View engine can be implemented in different environments. Each backend must be capable of extensive 2D drawing for complete support of Draw dialect.
The initial design of VID, Draw and most of View (except for the reactive parts) were created by Carl Sassenrath and implemented in Rebol. Red View is a completely new, independent implementation providing similar features with some desirable improvements. Reactive actions being a prime example.


The Lost Civilization of Man
The ancient tomb of a strange man discovered in Egypt
Archaeologists discover strange Egyptian tomb in Egypt that appears to have belonged to a man named Tjt.
The tomb is near Aswan and along the Nile. Hieroglyphic texts hanged on wooden casket fragments of this corpse show that the grave contained the body of a mysterious man named Tjt
Although the tomb was exclusively owned by Tjt, But inside the tomb are other bodies, including several mummies, some of them children
There are two mummies riding on each other, indicating that they were most likely mother and child. It is likely that the tomb was built between the 6th century BC and the fourth century AC. Inside the tomb are also found various handicraft items, including decorated pots and tall jars.
Archaeologists also found fragments of a gold-coated mask in the tomb; And they also found a statue of a bird known as the Ba-bird. This bird s head actually represented the spirit of the deceased. The statue of this bird can be found in many tombs. The statue has always been depicted as a bird with a human head and represents a spirit that remains with the human body.
Also found are remains of materials used to prepare mummies, such as containers containing asphalt or asphalt used to protect the body. There were also special boxes with mummy essentials. The text referred to the owner of the corpse; there was a reference to the name (topi) being the god of the floods. The floods that accumulated fertile soil around the Nile river and helped the Egyptians cultivate and harvest crops.
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text:
About the Earth Systems Project
Over the next century the earth's resilience and adaptive capabilities will be stressed by the demands of global climate change, environmental degradation, a population of over six billion people, and the accompanying increased resource and energy demand. These stresses will place an additional burden upon the earth's natural systems and the processes and resources that drive these systems. Future system scarcities and imbalances represent a security concern with the potential to destabilize and weaken existing political, social, and economic structures. And as these natural systems are inherently highly interdependent, it is necessary for them to be analyzed and considered systemically.
The Earth Systems Project seeks solutions to environment and resource security challenges by developing and promoting sustainable, scientifically sound, and inclusive policies, practices, and technological developments.
Read the full Mission Statement.


text: Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a 3D cockpit display (3D-COD) system for improved pilot situational awareness and safety in 3D airspace by overcoming the inherent limitations of 2D information presentation. The proposed display will be automultiscopic and will be based on a projector, a stationary holographic optical element screen integrated with a high-speed electro-optical scanner and high-speed electronics with a software interface to NASA systems. This minimum 8-in. diagonal drop-down head-up display with no moving parts will present six or more perspective views to air crew members, forming integrated virtual volumetric 3D images viewable over a 60 degree horizontal field of view. In Phase I POC designed a laboratory prototype and successfully demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed system by assembling a single-user monochrome 3D-COD prototype. In Phase II POC will further develop the true 3D display technology and construct a fully functional system that will project distortion-free, 400-600 lumen, full-color, virtual volumetric 3D images at a 30-60 Hz video rate for real-time user interaction with the images, each from his or her own perspective.