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Students deliver presentations in English: "This wonderful teaching method should be multiplied"
That is most parents' opinion when they came to the English presentation on Chocolate as part of Year 4 students' Global Perspectives topic in the morning of November the 2nd.
Students worked in groups of 2 or 3 and prepared their power points under the instruction of Ms. Nina Siddiqui
Proud of our students!
Prior to this presentation, students had very interesting lessons about chocolate, where they worked in groups of 2 or 3 and did research with dedication and effort under the guidance of Ms. Nina Siddiqui (Class teacher) and Mr. Sidney Rose (Vice Principal – Director of CIP). Applying the knowledge learned in class, students looked up on Google for all there is to know about Chocolate and used powerpoint to present them, such as the ingredients, chocolate making, origins and where to find a lot of cocoa trees, as well as 6 stages in the process (Trees -> Pods -> Beans -> Factory -> Shops and Fair Trade)…
"Over a period of several weeks, students have researched countries which are the highest producers of chocolate. Utilised atlases and maps to develop mapping and geographical skills. In Maths, bar charts and pictograms were created to show the class favourite chocolate bar. Students also had many opportunities to develop skills in Art, especially sketching, shading and designing their own chocolate wrapper. ICT skills were developed further by students having to copy and paste texts into their power point. They were also required to insert photos/images as well as use special effects to improve the quality and visual appearance of their power point before sharing the contents with the class" said Ms. Siddiqui and concluded: "I am immensely proud of my Year 4 class and their accomplishments to-date."
To speak in front of everyone is an experience through which students can learn how to be more confident and mature
According to Mr. Sidney Rose, students use English for presentations to promote their English skills and to practice self-confidence in public speaking. "Our students did well in the presentation today. Their confidence and language skills were remarkable given that some had very little English at the start of the program. This is fantastic! It was an ideal opportunity for all students to show how much they had grown as learners in the Cambridge International Program", said Mr. Rose.
This teaching method should be multiplied
Several parents were delighted to see the improvements in their children. Mr. Nguyen Hong Quan (father of Moc Mien) commented that normally, students sit and listen to their teachers, but today, 9-year-old students stand up and speak confidently in front of everyone. That is a huge progress. "I think whether their English is good or not is not as important as the fact that they have worked hard and collaborated with each other in the past few weeks. It seems like they are not learning English but are learning new knowledge in English", he shared.
Ms. Lan Phuong (mother of Bao Minh) said students learned how to work together, to step back giving way to their friends in the presentation. "Seeing those things makes me happy. Students are taught how to work in a team as well as on their own. When they know to collaborate, they will become closer to each other. Like Bao Minh, he insisted on going to his group's study sessions at weekends", she told us. Parents agreed that this wonderful teaching method should be encouraged and spread. Students are given a topic, they have time to do research and collect information, finally a summary session. Students will be excited and more creative in each lesson.
Parents could see very clearly the improvements in their children through this presentation
Speaking at the end of the presentation, Mr. Rose commented: "Their confidence and language skills were remarkable. It was an ideal opportunity for all students to show how much they had grown as learners in the Cambridge International Program"
All Year 4 CIP students took a photo with their teachers and parents
Parents agreed that this wonderful teaching method should be encouraged and spread
Video: Some parts in the presentation of Year 4 CIP students


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Rubbermaid® Reduces Environmental Impact with Dishwasher-Safe Reusable Bottles
Reusable water bottles that require hand washing have a higher environmental impact than those that are dishwasher safe, according to an independently third-party reviewed lifecycle assessment study (LCA) sponsored by Rubbermaid® and conducted by Environmental Resources Management.
The household washing of reusable water bottles represents the largest component of a bottle's environmental impact because the energy needed for a residential water heater is much higher than the electricity consumption for a dishwasher when washing the same amount of place settings. As plastic and stainless steel bottles are recommended to be dishwasher safe, they were found to have significantly lower environmental impact across a wide range of categories when compared to aluminum bottles.
"At Rubbermaid, our goal is to make products that fit consumers' lifestyles and we take into consideration how consumers will use our products," said Dave Zak, Director of Research & Development at Rubbermaid. "This study validated our strategy of making only dishwasher-safe bottles. In addition to being more convenient for consumers, they also create significantly less environmental impact in the long run."
The LCA examined the four most widely-available water bottle materials in the U.S. and Canada — aluminum, stainless steel and two forms of plastic (TRITANTM co-polyester and polypropylene, which are used by Rubbermaid and other plastic bottle makers). The study assessed the products from cradle to grave (from manufacturing to disposal) including the effects associated with the extraction of raw materials, bottle manufacturing and packaging, distribution to retail locations, use of the water bottle and disposal. Conclusions from the study stemmed from an assessment of 10 environmental impacts, including global warming, non-renewable energy, mineral extraction and carcinogens.
One of the most critical differentiators between water bottle types, with regard to environmental impact, was the method of washing. Manufacturers of aluminum bottles recommend hand washing, and manufacturers of steel bottles recommend hand and dishwashing, while Rubbermaid recommends putting its plastic bottles, which are BPA-free, in the dishwasher.
"We are committed to continuing this kind of work," said Zak, "so we can ensure our products create the minimum environmental impact possible, while at the same time continuing our legacy of quality and innovation."
[via PR Newswire]

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Indoor Science has been deemed an essential service and is open for all services, including COVID consulting work.
Sewage Testing After Clean Up
sewage testing, e. coli
A unique service that we offer is sewage testing after clean-up. This type of testing can be helpful when there was a sewage backup and it is unclear if the clean-up was successful. In this blog post, I will provide some background information on sewage testing.
Disinfecting Is Not Enough
When there is a sewage backup, disinfecting surfaces is not the only step that should be taken. Disinfectants will state that they must be used on a cleaned surface, so cleaning should be the first step of the process. But not every surface can even be cleaned and disinfected. Porous materials such as drywall and paper materials that were impacted by the sewage should be discarded rather than treated.
Cleaning any areas that were impacted means physically removing any matter and stains from the areas affected. Cleaning affected surfaces can be compared to washing your hands. When you wash your hands you are using soap and water to remove dirt, grease, and other visible signs of uncleanliness. Disinfecting, on the other hand, is more similar to using hand sanitizer. Hand sanitizer does not remove physical signs of dirt and grease but it does help kill pathogens that may be present. Just as you would advise a kid to first wash his hands after playing in mud, it is important to first clean hard surfaces before disinfecting them.
Traditional Sewage Testing
How do you know if the cleaning and disinfecting worked? There are a few different methods for evaluating surfaces following a sewage cleanup.
The traditional method used by laboratories is to screen for the presence of indicator organisms such as the total coliform, fecal coliform, E. coli, and fecal streptococcus. This type of testing checks for viable (living) bacteria. Unfortunately, many bacteria are anaerobic, meaning that they thrive in an oxygen-free environment and cannot survive in the presence of normal air. The longer anaerobic bacteria are out in the open, the higher the likelihood that they will die. This means that the longer you wait to take a sample the less likely this type of testing will show the presence of bacteria. The results from this type of testing can show that there are no viable bacteria present but it would not show any dead bacteria that may still be present on affected surfaces.
Should you even be concerned about dead bacteria? Even when some bacteria are non-viable they can still be dangerous. Some dead bacteria can be hazardous to human health because they can have endotoxins. Endotoxins are found in the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria. When airborne, endotoxins can cause chest tightness, cough, shortness of breath, fever, and wheezing among other health effects1.
DNA Testing
Due to the shortcomings of traditional viable testing, we often use DNA testing to determine if a sewage cleanup was successful. This analysis method is very sensitive and can detect both viable and non-viable bacteria on surfaces making it a better option to test an area after a sewage cleanup. This type of DNA testing analyzes swab samples using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). With PCR testing, the presence of a specific type of bacteria DNA is chosen. Bacteroides DNA is used as an indicator for the presence of fecal bacteria. Bacteroides DNA is used because it is one of the most prevalent types of bacteria found in the gut of humans2. Although Bacteroides is anaerobic, it serves as a good indicator for the presence of other types of bacteria. DNA testing is a helpful tool to use because dead bacteria is still detectable even after disinfection.
A sewage back-up or spill is messy, gross, and potentially dangerous. Cleaning and disinfecting the affected areas is essential, but ensuring that the clean-up was successful is also a critical part of the clean-up process. At Indoor Science, we offer swab testing for Bacteroides post cleaning to ensure that potentially dangerous bacteria (dead or alive) are no longer present in your property.
 1. Olenchock S.A. Airborne Endotoxin. In Manual of Environmental Microbiology, 1st Ed.; Hurst, C. J.; Crawford, R.L.; Garland, J.L.; Lipson, D.A.; Mills, A.L. Eds.; ASM Press: Washington D.C., 1997; 661-665.
 2. Wang, R.F.; Cao, W.W.; Cerniglia, C.E. PCR detection and quantitation of predominant anaerobic bacteria in human and animal fecal samples. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1996, 62(4), 1242–1247.
Joel Silva
Joel Silva
Joel Silva is a Project Manager that performs indoor air quality assessments with a specialty in mold and bacteria. Mr. Silva holds a Bachelors of Science degree in Biology from Aurora University and he is a Certified Indoor Environmentalist (CIE) which is a certification from the ACAC. Prior to working at Indoor Science, Joel did microbiology work in the quality assurance department for a food manufacturer. During school, he also interned for the Chicago Department of Public Health. In his words... "As a child, I had an interest in science specifically in the biology of the natural world. Besides working for Indoor Science, I enjoy running outdoors, competing in races, lifting weights, practicing yoga, reading, and visiting breweries all over the country."
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text:
is a picture of Japanese journalist-cosmonaut, Toyohiro
Akiyama taken during his historical flight.
Another Soviet space first, Akiyama was the first private citizen to buy
passage on a space flight. Akiyama was a member of the Soyez TM-11 mission
that linked up with the Mir space station. The cost, a reported 28 million
dollars, was paid by TBS, the Tokyo Brodcasting System. While in space,
Akiyama sent a series of live broadcasts back to the earth. The watch
Akiyama wore was an all stainless steel, Soviet Air Force, 31659 caliber,
Of course, these few watches are not the only watches to be worn by
cosmonauts. Just about any watch that the Soviets produced could have been
worn in space. The list of the watches that were permitted for space flight
was not as strictly regulated as say, NASA does.
And it is not entirely
uncommon to see cosmonauts wearing any variety of seemingly inappropriate
types of watches. So, if the watch kept accurate time and possessed no real safety threat, it
was considered allowable gear.
Vostoks and the quartz digital watch, the
Elektronika, (like the one seen on cosmonaut V M Afanasyev in the photo
very often accompanied cosmonauts on their trips to the cosmos almost as
often as Poljotís were.
Digital Watches and the
Soviet Space Program
Based on available
footage it would appear that from about 1980 digital watches enjoyed
widespread use in the Soviet space program. This is most likely due to the
majority of missions being long duration within the confines of a space
station. Under such circumstances, a compact watch with built-in alarm and
chronograph would be highly useful. However an LCD cannot be safely used in
open space, and there have been concerns regarding the shielding of the
electronic components from the ravages of cosmic radiation. So for EVA
duties the standard was, and remains, mechanical watches only.
Pictured above, is a Belarusian-built
Elektronica 52b. The Elektronika watches had quartz digital modules, came in
chrome-plated cases made of base metal. The watches did, however, have
corrosion resistant stainless steel backs.
German Democratic Republic (GDR)
Pictured below is the Ruhla
East German Cosmonaut Sigmund Jšhn was wearing this watch in 1978 on board
of the soyuz-31 Mission.
It was the first analogue quartz wrist-watch generation from the Ruhla
Factory and was very similar to the Ruhla Cal. 24 Mechanical.
This is presumably the only
watch besides the
NII electric that was specifically designed for spaceflight and
actually used for that purpose.
History of creation:
Story by Vladimir А.
Dzhanibekov, twice the Hero of Soviet Union, pilot-cosmonaut of USSR:
September of 1985. "Salute Ė 7" station. It is midnight in Moscow.
It is also our local time. Maintenance work going on... Ice age. The
Flood at the station has already pasted. Victor Savinyh is cozily
sleeping in a sleeping-bag in front of me. The "deaf" circuits
without communication with Center are going.
- I wonder where we are flying? - I'm asking almost in sleep,
- Above clouds I assume...
Falling asleep I idly
thinking that it would be great to have a watch with globe like the
one at on the central stand. Or, with a map on the dial. But to have
it on my hand... and without need to leave the warm sleeping bag to
check... and soon getting back in again thinking that I was right
and we were actually over clouds and under clouds were waters of the
Atlantic ocean... all right,.. water is there where clouds are. Why
our planet called the Earth and not the Water?.. This was the way
the idea of "COSMONAVIGATOR" was born
That Salyut-7 rescue was a
classic bit of flying by Dzhanibekov. He had to dock the spacecraft to a
tumbling station with no beacon, just a laser rangefinder, sharp eyes and
November 2004 Yuri Shargin has tested his
private Shturmanskie based on a Poljot 31681 movement (complication variant
of the famous 3133) in space expedition.
Gallery of space related watches
Unknown watch used
during a spacewalk
for all the writing and the


Did You Know This is a Survival Tree?
Did You Know This is a Survival Tree?
It's no surprise that trees are useful in survival situations. They offer us shelter from the rain, fuel for our fires, and some trees produce fruits or nuts that we can eat. However, this tree may come as a surprise.
The willow tree is usually found in damp, swampy climates and can provide you with water when tapped for this reason. The willow tree also contains a compound known as salicin, which is the active ingredient in aspirin, offering natural pain relief.
Thanks to the willow tree's flexible yet strong bark and branches, it can be used to make fishing traps for shellfish and fish alike. The branches can also be used to make bows.
The thinner branches on a willow tree that give it its iconic name can be braided into strong cordage. The willow can also provide you with a quick shelter to help you stay dry in the rain.
Feel like you may have a cold coming on? Check out this tree that can help soothe your cough so you can get back to whatever you need to be doing.
Copyright 2020, TheSurvivalGuide.com


text:
noun (plural drachmas or drachmae /-mē/)
1The basic monetary unit of Greece (until the introduction of the euro), notionally equal to 100 lepta.
More example sentences
- Although we were told that the price of living here had become much more expensive since the euro replaced the drachma, it still seemed pretty cheap to us - especially eating out.
- The drachma disappeared, replaced by the euro when Greece joined the single European currency.
- The euro, which replaces the old francs, marks, guilders, pesetas, escudos, drachmas, and lire of the European Union, is not yet five years old.
Definition of drachma in:
- The British & World English dictionary

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Glossary (talk like a chef): Transfer
Sometimes we need to transfer the contents of a pan to a dish or plate.
This is often to rapidly stop something cooking, as the dish it is transferred to will always be cooler, or it might simply be to free up the pan for something else.Example:
"Transfer the lardons to a dish.
Meaning: Take the lardons out of the frying pan where they have been cooking and put in a dish.
Remarks: Professional kitchens are equipped with trays or pans (usually stainless steel and rectangular) for this, with high sides and a large surface, to help with rapid cooling.
Last modified on: August 11th 2023


text:
Puppies and Dogs
Please select a topic:
- Are You Thinking of Getting a Puppy
- Behaviour Advice
- Training Advice
- Neutering Advice
- Parasite Control
- Scared of Fireworks?
- Does Your Dog Suffer Travel Sickness?
- Bereavement Advice
The Dogs Trust provide prospective dog owners with excellent general advice and specific factsheets on house training, socialization and introducing a puppy to your cat or young children. There is also some great general advice on the Adaptil website. For further information, please visit:
The Dogs Trust provide all dog owners with excellent advice and factsheets on dog training and understanding canine behaviour. The Adaptil website and the APBC website also have very useful information. Please visit:
Neutering is the general term used for the surgical removal of the reproductive organs in both male and female dogs. The Dogs Trust provide all dog owners with excellent advice and factsheets on neutering dogs. For further information, please visit:
Please look at our Advice Page "Help Your Pet Stay Calm During Fireworks." The Dogs Trust also provide dog owners with an excellent factsheet on Firework Fear and Your Dog. For further information, please visit The Dogs Trust and the Fearful Situations section of the Adaptil website:
Travel sickness (or'motion sickness') is a common problem among dogs, especially when they are young. It is distressing for both the dog and its owner, and often restricts and diminishes the shared experience of travel. For further information, please visit:


text: All women are naturally connected with the cycles of the Earth. However, both the pressures and the conveniences of modern day life often leave us disconnected from nature and all that is has to offer. In the past, humans based their understanding of how to successfully 'be' on the cycles, symbols, and balance of nature. This immersive and reflective class is designed to help women find their center through meditation and Shinrin-Yoko (forest bathing), express themselves through writing and art, and understand feminine powers to create and make change in the world. The class also encourages environmental stewardship by highlighting the features of the bioregions we are a large part of.


text:
Smiley Energy Balls :
Select the Smiley balls by clicking and dragging your mouse. Make an energy ball to appear by turning all of the sphere area into pink. Longer the link, higher will be your score. Make the energy ball to reach the end, in the sphere's path. Longer links can be formed with the help of special balls. Instructions:
Use mouse to interact.


text:
I am trying to understand what is the difference between TCP Half Open Connection and TCP Half closed connection can any one tell what exactly are they?
When TCP establishes a connection, it is considered guaranteed since there is a handshake that takes place:
At that point the connection is established, and data begins to flow. In contrast, a UDP packet is not guaranteed, and is just sent in the hopes it gets there.
Officially, according to the RFC's, a half-open TCP connection is when one side of the established connection has crashed, and did not send notification that the connection was ending. This is not the common usage today.
Unofficially, if can refer to an embryonic connection, which is a connection in the process of being established.
Half-closed is the opposite of that unofficial definition. It is a state somewhere in the middle where the computers are tearing down the established connection.


text:
Pub. date: 2007 | Online Pub. Date: September 15, 2007 | DOI: 10.4135/9781412952651 | Print ISBN: 9781412924702 | Online ISBN: 9781412952651| Publisher:SAGE Publications, Inc.About this encyclopedia
Measures of Association/Correlation Coefficient
Ronald S. Landis
In many situations, researchers are interested in evaluating the relationship between variables of interest. Such associations are important for testing theories and hypotheses in which changes in one variable are tied to changes in another. In other words, is an increase in one variable associated with a systematic increase or decrease in the other? The most frequently reported measure of association within industrial and organizational psychology is the correlation coefficient ( r ). Correlation is a standardized index of the extent to which two sets of scores vary together. As an index, correlation can vary between −1.00 (i.e., a perfect negative relationship) and +1.00 (i.e., a perfect positive relationship). Correlations near zero indicate the absence of a linear relationship between the variables of interest. Squaring the correlation (i.e., r 2 ) provides an indication of the percentage of variance in one variable that can be explained by the other variable....


text:
Materials-Genome-Based Multiscale Modeling of Ceramics and Laser-Assisted Machining
This study is concerned with developing multiscale models to predict material properties and simulate laser-assisted machining of ceramics. The microstructure and composition of ceramics and computational costs are taken into consideration in the development of multiscale models. These models can predict both mechanical and thermal properties, which can further assist in selecting machining parameters for laser-assisted machining of ceramics. Quantum level, atomistic level, micro and macro scales are bridged in the multiscale modeling of ceramics. Interatomic potentials are derived by ab initio methods to achieve more accurate calculations in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. MD calculations are carried out to predict the interfacial thermal properties and parameterize the traction-separation laws for interfacial glass phase within ceramics under thermal and mechanical loadings. The mechanical behavior of interfacial glass phase in ceramics is subsequently characterized by cohesive zone models (CZM) with the calculated traction-separation laws. The interfacial thermal conductivities and the parameterized CZMs are then input into the finite element model (FEM) to model the properties of thin interfacial glass phase surrounding the grains in the ceramics. To reduce computational costs, a materials-genome-based multiscale model is proposed to predict the material properties of ceramics by coupling multiscale model with a variational asymptotic method for unit cell homogenization (VAMUCH). A variational form for homogenization is formulated in combination with a cohesive zone model to predict crack formation within ceramics in a computationally efficient manner. The extended finite element method (XFEM) is further embedded in the formulation of the materials-genome-based multiscale modeling. The implementation of both materials genome model and XFEM enables multiscale modeling in predicting crack propagation while providing accurate predictions by considering heterogeneous microstructure. The developed multiscale model is capable of predicting the effects of microstructure, composition and temperature on materials properties and machining processes with greatly reduced computational costs. In predicting the mechanical and thermal properties of alumina ceramics, SiC ceramics and SiC/SiC composites, the favorable agreement between simulation results and experimental measurements confirms the validity of the multiscale models. A coupled thermal-mechanical multiscale model is developed to predict the thermally induced fractures within alumina ceramics under laser heating. Different compositions of alumina ceramics and crack propagation within SiC ceramics during laser-assisted machining are also studied experimentally and numerically using the developed materials-genome-based multiscale model.
Shin, Purdue University.
Off-Campus Purdue Users:
To access this dissertation, please log in to our


text:
An Apple product may help keep the doctor away in Tanzania.
In a discovery that provides doctors in remote areas with an alternative, scientists recently created a microscope using an iPhone, tape, flashlight and camera lens.
They then used it to diagnose intestinal worms in about 200 students in Pemba Island, off Tanzania's eastern coast..
"To our knowledge, this is the first time the mobile phone microscope had been used in the field to diagnose intestinal parasitic infections," said Isaac Bogoch, an internal medicine specialist at Toronto General Hospital.
Bogoch, who conducted the study with colleagues, used his iPhone 4s.
However, he said, the approach can work with any smartphone that has a good camera and a zoom feature.
African markets are flooded with low-cost smartphones made by Chinese companies, some selling for as low as $80. With mobile phone growth skyrocketing in the continent, price-based competition is becoming vital to tap into the African market share.
From cell phone to microscope
To convert the phone into a microscope, scientists put double-sided tape over the iPhone camera lens. They then pierced a hole in the tape and centered a tiny $9 lens over the phone's camera lens.
Using a flashlight for illumination, they held up stool samples against the lens using the double-sided tape to hold slides in place, and studied them for intestinal parasites through the phone's screen.


text: I created this geometry word search as a fun activity for my students to do one day for morning work. They love word searches, and we are about to begin our Geometry unit. This activity is great for introducing vocabulary terms, such as the names of the 3-D shapes, symmetry, vertices, faces, edges, etc. This could also be used for a filler activity or for something to do when they finish a quiz or test. Enjoy! Check out my other geometry study guides and practice packs!


text:
executed. Each task will likely push more tasks onto the stack in order to be able to achieve its goal. Sierra is done computing once the stack is empty. Sierra begins by taking an input tree and constructing the corresponding initial groups and expressions. Then, it starts off the search engine by pushing the task Optimize_
The Search Engine
The Cost Model
Sierra costs plans using a combination of I/O, CPU usage, and latency. Remember that Xpand is distributed so total CPU usage and latency are not proportional. Every operator describes a function in order to compute its costs given its inputs. For example an index_
index_scan.rows = row_est() index_scan.cost = cost_open + row_est() * cost_read_row
The operator above the index_
The way Sierra chooses the optimal plan for a query is by finding the plan with the cheapest cost. Cost is strongly dependent on how many rows the optimizer thinks are going to be flowing through the system. The job of the row estimation subsystem is to take statistical information from our Probability Distributions and compute an estimated number of rows that will come out of a given expression.
For the query above, we can get a succinct description of the plan, the row estimates, and the cost by prefacing the query with 'explain'. For additional information, see "
EXPLAIN for MariaDB Xpand".
sql> explain select bar.a, sum(bar.b) from bar,foo where foo.pk = bar.pk group by bar.a; +-------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+ | Operation | Est. Cost | Est. Rows | +-------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+ | stream_aggregate GROUPBY((1. "a")) expr0 := sum((1. "b")) | 142526.70 | 25000.00 | | msjoin KEYS=[((1. "a")) GROUP] | 137521.70 | 25000.00 | | stream_merge KEYS=[(1. "a") ASC] | 20016.70 | 25000.00 | | index_scan 1 := bar.idx_ab | 5003.90 | 8333.33 | | index_scan 2 := foo.__idx_foo__PRIMARY, pk = 1.pk | 4.50 | 1.00 | +-------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+ 5 rows in set (0.01 sec)
To summarize how Sierra got the output in diagram 1, the following steps were performed:
Sierra created many groups and expressions corresponding to the SQL Representation of diagram 1.
In an on-demand fashion via the Task mechanism Sierra then:
Fired rules in order to expand the logical and physical search space of the query, creating additional groups and expressions, some of which might not correspond to any valid plan.
Shrank the search space to the plans that were valid, with the use of physical properties.
Used the cost model in order to determine the cheapest plans from a given set of physical properties for each group.
After all tasks had been processed, Sierra extracted the query plan corresponding to the winner of the top group, which is the output of diagram 1.
We've talked a lot about how the query optimizers finds the best plan, but so far the concepts are not unique to Xpand. One of the special things about Sierra is that it is able to reason about doing distributed operations. For example there are two ways to compute an aggregate. Let's understand the non-distributed way first:
Foowhich likely has slices on multiple nodes.
Forward all those rows to one node.
Insert all those rows into a hash container, computing the aggregate operation if necessary.
Read the container and output to the user.
Here's what it would like:
But really we could distribute the aggregate and do this instead:
Compute the sub-plan (under the aggregate), which likely has result rows on multiple nodes.
Locally insert those rows into a local hash container, computing the aggregate operation if necessary.
Read the hash container on each node and forward to a single node.
Insert all those rows into a new final hash container, computing the aggregate operation.
Read that hash container.
Output rows to the user.
Here's what this would look like:
The question for Sierra becomes which one is better and when? It turns out the gains from distributing the aggregate actually come from the fact that we are potentially sending a lot less data across the wire (between nodes), so the overhead of extra inserts and containers becomes worth it when the reduction factor of the aggregate operation is large. Sierra is able to reason about this with the cost model and determine the better approach for any query. For additional information, see "Scaling Aggregates with MariaDB Xpand.


text:
Definition of Bear grass
1. Noun. Yucca of southern United States having a clump of basal grasslike leaves and a central stalk with a terminal raceme of small whitish flowers.
2. Noun. Yucca of west central United States having a clump of basal grasslike leaves and a central stalk with a terminal raceme of small whitish flowers.
3. Noun. Stemless plant with tufts of grasslike leaves and erect panicle of minute creamy white flowers; southwestern United States and Mexico.
Generic synonyms: Agave, American Aloe, Century Plant
Group relationships: Genus Nolina, Nolina
4. Noun. Plant of western North America having woody rhizomes and tufts of stiff grasslike basal leaves and spikes of creamy white flowers.
Generic synonyms: Liliaceous Plant
Group relationships: Genus Xerophyllum, Xerophyllum
Bear Grass Pictures
Click the following link to bring up a new window with an automated collection of images related to the term: Bear Grass Images
Lexicographical Neighbors of Bear Grass
Literary usage of Bear grass
Below you will find example usage of this term as found in modern and/or classical literature:
1. History of the Discovery and Settlement of the Valley of the Mississippi: By by John Wesley Monette (1848)
"AD 1781 TO 1784. Argument.—Severs Winter of 1780-81.—Scarcity in Kentucky.—Kentucky divided in to three Counties.—Indian Hostilities on Bear-grass Creek...."
2. A Dictionary of English Synonymes and Synonymous Or Parallel Expressions by Richard Soule (1891)
"Spanish-bay une t, bear-grass, Adam's needle. Yule* "• I* Christmas, yule-tide. 2. lemmas, Lammas-tide. Yule-tide,*. Christmas...."
3. Rural Rides by William Cobbett (1853)
"Something, however, depends on the nature of the soil: for it is not all land that will bear grass, fit for hay, perpetually; and, when the land will not do..."
4. A Geographical, Historical, Commercial, and Agricultural View of the United by Daniel Blowe (1820)
"Spruce and hemlock, in the eastern parts of the state, denote a thin, cold soil, which, after much labour in the clearing, will indeed bear grass without..."
5. Rural Rides in the Counties of Surrey, Kent, Sussex, Hants, Berks, Oxford by William Cobbett (1908)
"Something, however, depends on the nature of the soil: for it is not all land that will bear grass, fit for hay, perpetually; and when the land will not do..."


text:
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Common Law and the Rhetoric of Social Exclusion in Early New England
A community is defined not only by inclusion but also by exclusion. Seventeenth-century New England Puritans, themselves exiled from one society, ruthlessly invoked the law of banishment from another: over time, hundreds of people were forcibly excluded from this developing but sparsely settled colony. Nan Goodman suggests that the methods of banishment rivaled—even overpowered—contractual and constitutional methods of inclusion as the means of defining people and place. The law and rhetoric that enacted the exclusion of certain parties, she contends, had the inverse effect of strengthening the connections and collective identity of those that remained.
Banished investigates the practices of social exclusion and its implications through the lens of the period's common law. For Goodman, common law is a site of negotiation where the concepts of community and territory are more fluid and elastic than has previously been assumed for Puritan society. Her legal history brings fresh insight to well-known as well as more obscure banishment cases, including those of Anne Hutchinson, Roger Williams, Thomas Morton, the Quakers, and the Indians banished to Deer Island during King Philip's War. Many of these cases were driven less by the religious violations that may have triggered them than by the establishment of rules for membership in a civil society. Law provided a language for the Puritans to know and say who they were—and who they were not. Banished reveals the Puritans' previously neglected investment in the legal rhetoric that continues to shape our understanding of borders, boundaries, and social exclusion.
Interracial Sex in Nineteenth-Century American Literature
This provocative book examines the representation of characters of mixed African and European descent in the works of African American and European American writers of the 19th century. The importance of mulatto figures as agents of ideological exchange in the American literary tradition has yet to receive sustained critical attention. Going beyond Sterling Brown's melodramatic stereotype of the mulatto as "tragic figure," Cassandra Jackson's close study of nine works of fiction shows how the mulatto trope reveals the social, cultural, and political ideas of the period. Jackson uncovers a vigorous discussion in 19th-century fiction about the role of racial ideology in the creation of an American identity. She analyzes the themes of race-mixing, the "mulatto," nation building, and the social fluidity of race (and its imagined biological rigidity) in novels by James Fenimore Cooper, Richard Hildreth, Lydia Maria Child, Frances E. W. Harper, Thomas Detter, George Washington Cable, and Charles Chesnutt.
Blacks in the Diaspora -- Claude A. Clegg III,
Darlene Clark Hine, David Barry Gaspar, and John McCluskey, founding editors
Space and Place in Urban Chicano Literature and Culture
Struggles over space and resistance to geographic displacement gave rise to much of Chicano history and culture. In this pathfinding book, Raúl Villa explores how California Chicano/a writers, journalists, artists, activists, and musicians have used expressive culture to oppose the community-destroying forces of urban renewal programs and massive freeway development and to create and defend a sense of Chicano place-identity. Villa opens with a historical overview that shows how Chicano communities and culture have developed in response to conflicts over space ever since the United States' annexation of Mexican territory in the 1840s. Then, turning to the work of contemporary members of the Chicano intelligentsia such as poet Lorna Dee Cervantes, novelist Ron Arias, and the art collective RCAF (Rebel Chicano Art Front), Villa demonstrates how their expressive practices re-imagine and re-create the dominant urban space as a community enabling place. In doing so, he illuminates the endless interplay in which cultural texts and practices are shaped by and act upon their social and political contexts.
Validating and Valorizing Its Authority, Authenticity, and Agency
Bearing Witness to African American Literature: Validating and Valorizing Its Authority, Authenticity, and Agency collects twenty-three of Bernard W. Bell's lectures and essays that were first presented between 1968 and 2008. From his role in the culture wars as a graduate student activist in the Black Studies Movement to his work in the transcultural Globalization Movement as an international scholar and Fulbright cultural ambassador in Spain, Portugal, and China, Bell's long and inspiring journey traces the modern institutional origins and the contemporary challengers of African American literary studies. This volume is made up of five sections, including chapters on W. E. B. DuBois's theory and trope of double consciousness, an original theory of residually oral forms for reading the African American novel, an argument for an African Americentric vernacular and literary tradition, and a deconstruction of the myths of the American melting pot and literary mainstream. Bell considers texts by contemporary writers like Toni Morrison, Alice Walker, William Styron, James Baldwin, and Jean Toomer, as well as works by Mark Twain, Frederick Douglas, and William Faulkner, In a style that ranges from lyricism to the classic jeremiad, Bell emphasizes that his work bears the imprint of many major influences, including his mentor, poet and scholar Sterling A. Brown, and W. E. B. DuBois. Taken together, the chapters demonstrate Bell's central place as a revisionist African American literary and cultural theorist, historian, and critic. Bearing Witness to African American Literature will be an invaluable introduction to major issues in the African American literary tradition for scholars of American, African American, and cultural studies.
The Acadian in American Literature from Longfellow to James Lee Burke
From antebellum times, Louisiana's unique multipartite society included a legal and social space for intermediary racial groups such as Acadians, Creoles, and Creoles of Color. In Becoming Cajun, Becoming American, Maria Hebert-Leiter explores how American writers have portrayed Acadian culture over the past 150 years. Combining a study of Acadian literary history with an examination of Acadian ethnic history in light of recent social theories, she offers insight into the Americanization process experienced by Acadians—who over time came to be known as Cajuns—during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Hebert-Leiter examines the entire history of the Acadian, or Cajun, in American literature, beginning with Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's poem Evangeline and the writings of George Washington Cable, including his novel Bonaventure. The cultural complexity of Acadian and Creole identities led many writers to rely on stereotypes in Acadian characters, but as Hebert-Leiter shows, the ambiguity of Louisiana's class and racial divisions also allowed writers to address complex and controversial—and sometimes taboo—subjects. She emphasizes the fiction of Kate Chopin, whose short stories contain Acadian characters accepted as white Americans during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Representations of the Acadian in literature reflect the Acadians' path towards assimilation, as they celebrated their differences while still adopting an all-American notion of self. In twentieth-century writing, Acadian figures came to be more often called Cajun, and increasingly outsiders perceived them not simply as exotic or mythic beings but as complex persons who fit into traditional American society while reflecting its cultural diversity. Hebert-Leiter explores this transition in Ernest Gaines's novel A Gathering of Old Men and James Lee Burke's detective novels featuring Dave Robicheaux. She also discusses the works of Ada Jack Carver, Elma Godchaux, Shirley Ann Grau, and other writers. From Longfellow through Tim Gautreaux, Acadian and Cajun literature captures the stages of this fascinating cultural dynamism, making it a pivotal part of any history of American ethnicity and of Cajun culture in particular. Concise and accessible, Becoming Cajun, Becoming American provides an excellent introduction to American Acadian and Cajun literature.
War Resistance Poetry on the American Home Front since 1941
Essays on Paul Auster
The novels of Paul Auster—finely wrought, self-reflexive, filled with doublings, coincidences, and mysteries—have captured the imagination of readers and the admiration of many critics of contemporary literature. In Beyond the Red Notebook, the first book devoted to the works of Auster, Dennis Barone has assembled an international group of scholars who present twelve essays that provide a rich and insightful examination of Auster's writings.
The authors explore connections between Auster's poetry and fiction, the philosophical underpinnings of his writing, its relation to detective fiction, and its unique embodiment of the postmodern sublime. Their essays provide the fullest analysis available of Auster's themes of solitude, chance, and paternity found in works such as The Invention of Solitude, City of Glass, Ghosts, The Locked Room, In the Country of Last Things, Moon Palace, The Music of Chance, and Leviathan.
This volume includes contributions from Pascal Bruckner, Marc Chenetier, Norman Finkelstein, Derek Rubin, Madeleine Sorapure, Stephen Bernstein, Tim Woods, Steven Weisenburger, Arthur Saltzman, Eric Wirth, and Motoyuki Shibata. The extensive bibliography, prepared by William Drenttel, will greatly benefit both scholars and general readers.
Literature, Ecology, and Place
From Uncle Tom to Gangsta
This pathbreaking study of region, race, and gender reveals how we underestimate the South's influence on the formation of black masculinity at the national level. Many negative stereotypes of black men—often contradictory ones—have emerged from the ongoing historical traumas initiated by slavery. Are black men emasculated and


3.12 Article Caching
If you have an extremely slow NNTP connection, you may consider turning article caching on. Each article will then be stored locally under your home directory. As you may surmise, this could potentially use huge amounts of disk space, as well as eat up all your inodes so fast it will make your head swim. In vodka.
Used carefully, though, it could be just an easier way to save articles.
To turn caching on, set gnus-use-cache to t. By default, all articles ticked or marked as dormant will then be copied over to your local cache (gnus-cache-directory). Whether this cache is flat or hierarchical is controlled by the gnus-use-long-file-name variable, as usual.
When re-selecting a ticked or dormant article, it will be fetched from the cache instead of from the server. As articles in your cache will never expire, this might serve as a method of saving articles while still keeping them where they belong. Just mark all articles you want to save as dormant, and don't worry.
When an article is marked as read, is it removed from the cache.
The entering/removal of articles from the cache is controlled by the gnus-cache-enter-articles and gnus-cache-remove-articles variables. Both are lists of symbols. The first is (ticked dormant) by default, meaning that ticked and dormant articles will be put in the cache. The latter is (read) by default, meaning that articles marked as read are removed from the cache. Possibly symbols in these two lists are ticked, dormant, unread and read.
So where does the massive article-fetching and storing come into the picture? The gnus-jog-cache command will go through all subscribed newsgroups, request all unread articles, score them, and store them in the cache. You should only ever, ever ever ever, use this command if 1) your connection to the NNTP server is really, really, really slow and 2) you have a really, really, really huge disk. Seriously. One way to cut down on the number of articles downloaded is to score unwanted articles down and have them marked as read. They will not then be downloaded by this command.
It is likely that you do not want caching on all groups. For instance, if your nnml mail is located under your home directory, it makes no sense to cache it somewhere else under your home directory. Unless you feel that it's neat to use twice as much space.
To limit the caching, you could set gnus-cacheable-groups to a regexp of groups to cache, '^nntp' for instance, or set the gnus-uncacheable-groups regexp to '^nnml', for instance. Both variables are nil by default. If a group matches both variables, the group is not cached.
The cache stores information on what articles it contains in its active file (gnus-cache-active-file). If this file (or any other parts of the cache) becomes all messed up for some reason or other, Gnus offers two functions that will try to set things right. M-x gnus-cache-generate-nov-databases will (re)build all the NOV files, and gnus-cache-generate-active will (re)generate the active file.
gnus-cache-move-cache will move your whole gnus-cache-directory to some other location. You get asked to where, isn't that cool?


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Also known as Min or Amsu. Egyptian ithyphallic fertility god, and Nome-god of Panopolis (Apu, near present-day Akhmim). The Greeks identified him with Pan.
Khem is depicted as a human male, wearing a crown with two tall ostrich plumes, with the right hand raised behind his head holding a flail, the left hand hidden; and with a prominent erect phallus. He represents the power of generation, and was considered the god of the harvest and protector of crops. His sacred animal was a white bull. Khem was also the native name for Egypt, it means "black" and referred to the fertile, black soil of the Nile valley. Linguistically and ethnologically, Khem is equivalent to "Ham" of the Book of Genesis 9 and 10, the youngest son of Noah, and the progenitor of the Egyptians, Nubians and Canaanites.
This saint was italicized in the 1919 e.v. version of the list, but not in the 1929/30 e.v. version.
Budge, Sir E.A. Wallis; The Gods of the Egyptians, Dover, NY 1969
Forlong, J.G.R.; Faiths of Man, a Cyclopaedia of Religions [Bernard Quaritch, 1906], University Books, NY 1964
Viaud, J.; "Egyptian Mythology" in The New Larousse Encyclopedia of Mythology, Hamlyn, NY 1959/1968
Originally published in Red Flame No. 2 -- Mystery of Mystery: A Primer of Thelemic Ecclesiastical Gnosticism by Tau Apiryon and Helena; Berkeley, CA 1995 e.v.


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Shaping the Dialogue
The primary purpose of an ACCJC-accredited institution is to foster learning in its students. An effective institution ensures that its resources and processes support student learning, continuously assesses that learning, and pursues institutional excellence and improvement. An effective institution maintains an ongoing, selfreflective dialogue about its quality and improvement.
An institution-wide dialogue must be at the heart of the self-evaluation process for the college community to gain a comprehensive perspective of the institution. Although the standards are presented in four parts, they work together to facilitate this dialogue on the institution's effectiveness and on ways in which it may improve. The self study provides the Commission with the institution's assessment of itself as a whole.
The institutional mission provides the impetus for achieving student learning and other goals that the institution endeavors to accomplish. The institution provides the means for students to learn, assesses how well learning is occurring, and strives to improve that learning through ongoing, systematic, and integrated planning (Standard I). Instructional programs, student support services, and library and learning support services facilitate the achievement of the institution's stated student learning outcomes (Standard II). Human, physical, technology, and financial resources enable these programs and services to function and improve (Standard III). Ethical and effective leadership throughout the organization guides the accomplishment of the mission and supports institutional effectiveness and improvement (Standard IV).
A collegewide dialogue that integrates the elements of the Standards provides the complete view of the institution that is needed to verify integrity and to promote quality and improvement.
Accrediting Commission for Community and Junior Colleges (ACCJC)
Western Association of Schools and Colleges
For comments, suggestions or contributions contact:
Accreditation Liaison Officer: Marisa Spatafore


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The robot in the garden -- coming soon
If you want a glimpse into the future, check out the action in a drab warehouse in Billerica, Mass. That's where a start-up called Harvest Automation is working out new robots that could wipe out an entire category of agricultural labor.
Harvest sells small, battery-powered robots that move potted trees and shrubs around in a plant nursery. The idea is to create enough space between each of the pots so that the plants have room to grow. "It gets pretty grueling" says inventor Joe Jones.
In fact, right now in the U.S., migrant laborers -- some legal, some not -- do this sort of work. But recent crackdowns on illegal labor and the expense and hassle of hiring workers through a federal guest worker program have left many nursery owners searching for a solution to their labor problem.
Harvest's Jones, who helped invent the Roomba, a robot vacuum cleaner, says they traveled the country talking to farmers and nursery owners before they decided what kind of agricultural robot to create.When they saw workers straining to move heavy pots around in a nursery in Sudbury, Mass., the light bulb went on. "We watched a bunch of people doing this job and we thought, if we can't build a robot that does this, we're in the wrong business," Jones says.
Tom Demaline of Willoway Nurseries in Avon, Ohio, just bought four of the robots at $30,000 each. He figures if they last beyond a year and a half, they'll pay off. He says his ultimate goal is to get more efficient and cut labor costs. He says the housing bust halted growth in the nursery business so he needs to cut spending.
"It really comes down to having the robots when you need them and putting them away for the winter when you don't," Demaline says.
Inventor Jones says the next step is to make robots that can prune and fertilize plants. After that, perhaps a robot that can pick crops.
"We might go to something that resembles a pot," Jones says. "Maybe pumpkins or melons or something like that. After you have learned to do that, then you can go step-wise through more and more challenging crops. And eventually we will get to the strawberries, the citrus and the apples, but we're not starting there."


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From draft to law: how long it takes for Parliament to adopt laws
In cooperation with the Parliament of Georgia Apparatus and within the framework of our parliamentary monitoring project, in 2012 TI Georgia started collecting procedural information about initiated draft laws and observing existing lawmaking practices in the Parliament of Georgia. This is the second post in a three-part series that discusses some of the data we collected. (First blog post: Who initiates the most laws in Parliament.)
Adhering to a procedural timeline in lawmaking is an important aspect of good governance in the Parliament. Public committee sittings theoretically allow the public and civil society representatives to participate so that enacted legislation will reflect the needs of relevant stakeholders; however, citizens' involvement is dependent on the existence of parliamentary procedures that allow it.
In the Georgian Parliament, it is well known that in the past, important laws have been passed in a speedy manner, depriving stakeholders of the chance to be fully engaged. For example, an amendment to the law governing political parties, which introduced controversial changes to party financing rules, was adopted near the end of 2011, only 12 days after it was introduced, leaving some political actors and civil society groups frustrated about procedural hastiness.
Types of Laws
The Parliament of Georgia has adopted a total of 298 laws so far in 2012. We collected data on five types of laws passed this year:
- Law of Georgia: Changes to the existing laws or new laws passed by the Parliament, so-called "ordinary" laws.
- Organic Law of Georgia: Hierarchically higher than ordinary laws. Changing or adopting an organic law requires a greater quorum and threshold during the plenary hearing.
- Changes to the Constitution: Once an initiative for amending the Constitution is registered by Parliament, a constitutional draft law enters a one-month public consultation period after completion of which hearings in Parliament can resume.
- Parliament regulations: Changes to the Rules of Procedure of the Parliament of Georgia affect only the work of the Parliament. In June 2012, the Parliament adopted new Rules of Procedure that entered into force after the election of the current Parliament, with some of the norms scheduled to come into force after the 2013 Presidential elections results are announced officially.
- Changes to the 2012 State Budget: Revisions to the 2012 State Budget were made three times in 2012. Such changes require the draft to pass a hearing in the Budget-Finance Committee and be approved by MPs at a plenary sitting only once.
Figure 1 shows the breakdown of adopted laws according to type.
Figure 1: Laws adopted by Parliament in 2012 by type
Data we collected from the Parliament in 2012 allows us to examine how long draft laws were considered before they were passed in the first half of 2012. We calculated the discussion period for each law as the number of calendar days on which a draft was in Parliament, including the days on which it was registered at the Bureau and when it was passed. For example, if a law was registered at the Parliament Bureau on a Monday, and passed the third and final hearing on the following Monday, then its discussion period would be 8 days. Figures 2 and 3 show the ranges of discussion periods for all laws adopted in 2012.
Figure 2: 2012 laws and days of discussion in Parliament
Draft laws that were considered for more than 60 days are shown in Figure 3 to maintain clarity. Out of 298 laws adopted in 2012, 254 were also initiated in 2012, while the rest were registered during previous sessions; these are also included in the second chart.
Figure 3: 2012 laws by discussion days (above 60 days)
We also calculated average, minimum and maximum discussion periods for each type of law initiated and adopted in 2012; see Figures 4 and 5. If we include the discussion periods for laws initiated during previous sessions into these figures, we get an average of 74.6 days for regular laws and 30.5 days for organic laws. This significant shift in the averages is seen because several laws had extremely long discussion periods, as compared to the average. These long discussion periods change the maximum discussion period significantly, with 1,573 days being the maximum for laws and 155 days the maximum for organic laws.
Figure 4: Average length of discussion of laws initiated and adopted in 2012
Figure 5: Minimum and maximum days of discussion of laws initiated and adopted in 2012
As shown in the figures above, the path from draft to law is different for each type of legislative initiative. Discussion periods varied a lot within the regular laws category, with laws being adopted after discussion periods ranging from two to 1,573 days. About half of the draft laws were discussed and passed after 17 to 32 days. For more information on the 2012 laws, check our database (in Georgian only).
The Rules of Procedure of Parliament do not directly specify the acceptable minimum and maximum time-frames for the discussion of laws. Moreover, Parliament may also pass laws in an expedited manner within one week, upon with the Bureau's permission. However, it was not always clear when the expedited mode was applied for draft laws tracked by us. For example, 15 laws were adopted within 8 calendar days, among which there were three amendments to the 2012 budget, must-carry/offer regulations adopted in late June, and two draft laws that were initiated and passed during the extraordinary session in July when the new government cabinet was approved. However, none of these laws were clearly labeled as having been approved by the Bureau for expedited discussion. On the other hand, there were laws which were clearly approved for expedited discussion -- but whose discussion periods were longer than one week.
We also observed that some laws were held for a long time in the 2008-2012 Parliament before finally being passed in 2012. Some examples of laws which were adopted after lengthy delays are:
- Changes to the Law of Georgia on Drugs, Psychotropic Materials, Precursors and Drug Aid liberalizing drug policies and fines: 1,573 days;
- Changes to the Law of Georgia on Civil Service and Changes to the Law of Georgia on Incompatibility in Public Service specifying income declaration reporting requirements for public officials: 243 days;
- Law of Georgia on Free Trade and Competition which was an important law preparing Georgia for future EU Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement negotiations: 240 days.
The new 2012-2016 Parliament has a different composition which presents an opportunity for changes to existing practice. The presence of a strong minority in Parliament will make it especially important that procedural requirements are followed carefully and that they are designed to encourage discussion and deliberation in the lawmaking process. Considering this, TI Georgia recommends that:
- The Rules of Procedure be reviewed and a better procedural framework elaborated with clear guidelines for planning draft law discussions, containing reasonable minimum and maximum spans for each stage of discussion;
- Draft laws be discussed in an expedited manner only when absolutely necessary and that the initiators of draft laws be required to justify the request for expedited procedures in the explanatory note attached to the draft; also, plenary and committee sitting schedules should clearly identify which drafts on the agenda are being discussed under expedited procedures;
- Parliamentary committees commit to carefully following all procedural requirements and schedule hearings so that openness of lawmaking is guaranteed.


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In Greek mythology, the Oneiroi were the sons of Hypnos, the god of sleep. They were personifications of dreams—black-winged daemon—and were said to live on the shores of the Ocean in the far West, in a cavern near the border of Hades. The gods sent dreams to mortals from one of two gates located there: true dreams emerged from a gate made of horn, whereas false dreams threaded their way from a gate fashioned of ivory. They are described in the Odyssey, Hesiod's Theogony, and Ovid's Metamorphoses. According to Euripides, their mother was Gaea.The most powerful of the Oneiroi was Morpheus. His brothers Phobetor (also known as Icelus) and Phantasos crafted parts of dreams, while he formed the dream in general. Morpheus shaped human figures, Phobetor animal, while Phantasos shaped inanimate objects.
Oneiroi in Pop Culture
Fates Warning, a progressive metal band, has a side long epic on their 1988 release No Exit titled The Ivory Gate of Dreams which touches on this myth.


Home Outlet store Largest factory in the world to suck carbon from the sky and...
Largest factory in the world to suck carbon from the sky and store it for millions of years lights up in Iceland
The "largest factory in the world", built solely for the purpose of extracting carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and storing it, has just been commissioned in Iceland.
Built in the Hellisheidi geothermal park, the company hopes it is just a stepping stone needed to multiply the model by 80 and thus eliminate millions of tons of CO2 by the end of the decade.
A climate solution as direct as there may be, the Orcas factory, one of the many solutions to climate change offered by the Icelandic company Carbfix, takes CO2 from the air before separating the carbon from the oxygen, mixing it with water and sending it deep underground in formations basaltic rocks where it mineralizes.
With 16 sites recycling CO2, Climeworks, the Swiss company that supplied Orca with the CO2 intake fans, is extremely happy to have participated in a project that will permanently eliminate carbon, rather than just recycle it. They say green technology can be replicated easily and on a large scale, wherever there is renewable energy and storage available. Orca was built next to a local geothermal power plant, so it runs entirely on renewable energy.
RELATED: A new sustainable roofing material can naturally keep buildings cool without air conditioning
The company says it can extract 4,000 tonnes of CO2 from the atmosphere each year, the equivalent of taking 870 cars off the road. On its own, that's a small impact for the $ 10 to $ 15 million it takes to build, but as companies press more and more to provide carbon offsets for their operations, the technology offers huge appeal though. costs go down and production is increased.
For example, offsetting emissions by planting trees is a good thing, but it takes 50 years for a tree to collect enough CO2 to actually sequester it. If the tree dies before this period, it is as if the company had done nothing.
TO VERIFY: Branson-backed company captures megatons of carbon injected into concrete, and Amazon builds headquarters with it
A Canadian company, Carbon engineering, which received $ 25 million in government funding, is building technology that directly captures CO2 from the air and stores it as compressed gas, or creates a near-carbon neutral fuel.
They are currently building what they call the world's largest direct air capture plant in the southwestern United States which, when operational, will remove more than a million tonnes of carbon dioxide from atmosphere each year, or about the equivalent of 40 million mature trees.
But for Carbfix, knowing that the carbon is stored in the form of igneous or metamorphic rocks deep underground where it won't emerge for hundreds of millions of years is the most verifiable way to demonstrate their commitment to tackle the climate crisis.
FOLLOWING: Researchers extract carbon from the sky and convert it to instant jet fuel, reshaping aviation for good
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Peace In Conflict Resolution
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The ASEAN efforts toward peace Peace has always been among humanity's supreme values, especially essential elements of cooperation. It is considered as part of a dynamic social process and meaningful substance in definite relationship cooperation. Because the necessary precondition for trade, economic stability, and a rising prosperity is peace, both within and among countries have to prevent conflict, build a lasting peace, and give citizen security special relevance. Cooperation also needs peaceful environment to proceed and develop. When cooperative relationships are put in an atmosphere of great fear and uncertainty, it would not be facile to achieve the sustainable goals. Building and maintaining peace in the regional cooperation are the…show more content…
ASEAN applied the non-intervention policy to the Cambodian case through using indirect means of diplomacy, communication, and trade-offs to pressure into Cambodia and restrain member countries from the conflict. When a major player in the civil war, the Khmer Rouge guerrillas boycotted the national elections and the terms of a ceasefire was violated, ASEAN request all parties in Cambodia to assume full implementation of their obligations as outlined in the peace agreement. ASEAN declared the suspension of the admission of Cambodia into ASEAN until free and democratic elections can be held in Cambodia. Besides, the intermediate group, "Friends of Cambodia" was created with the participation of an ASEAN troika led by the foreign ministers of Indonesia, the Philippines and Thailand for reconciling the confrontational situation in Cambodia between the Hun Sen government and the Khmer Rouge and restore democratic legitimacy to the government. Therefore, without the need for force, ASEAN played an important role in resolving the Cambodian conflict and helping to stabilize the region. Enforcement power utilized a direct and aggressive strategy may not effective to resolve the conflicts and disputes. Governments not only have to spend a large sum of money to develop military force and armaments but also get possibility of incurring the far greater costs during wartime. The horrible disadvantages of war that everyone must have known cause terrible human misery, so war should be used as a last resort when trying to solve international disputes. The humanitarian intervention as a viable strategy, the "ASEAN way", should be more
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Lesson One: don't park a crane on a sharp incline. Lesson Two: keep a sharp eye on the road or you may learn the hard way why Lesson One is Lesson One.
Drivers are faced with split-second decisions all the time. Hit the brakes or accelerate through. Swerve to avoid an obstacle or brace for impact. Swing through the drive-through for another donut or drive on over to the gym. Tough calls, all of them, but the driver in this video from South Korea had another decision to make. When a crane fitted on a truck was improperly secured on a steep incline, its operators found their machinery running away from them, taking with it several road-block barriers erected around it.
The driver on whose dashboard the camera was mounted was driving up the same incline when the truck broke free, heading straight for him like a runaway train. His decision to shift into reverse (or possibly neutral to let gravity take its course) very well may have saved his life.


5 Negative Effects Of Teenage Relationship
Teenage Relationship
Teenage Relationship
As the advent of internet exposes more and more teenagers to issues of love and sex, more and more of them are getting into relationships and dating at a young age. However, it has been noticed that teenage relationships are extremely susceptible to quick disintegration. Morever, teenage relationships lead to numerous other damaging outcomes on the physical and emotional health of the youngsters. While sometimes it is circumstancially unavoidable, teenagers must try to not get into relationships at a very tender age on account of the following reasons –
Disadvantages Of Teenage Relationship
Biological Under-development
Teenagers are more driven by the push of hormones rather than logic and feelings. As a consequence, they often end up taking the wrong decisions and dating just for the sake of it or dating people who they are crushing upon, rather than those with whom they are compatible and comfortable.
Furthermore,if a teenager gets physical with a person they're dating, it leads to extremely detrimental consequences on their health and emotional state. A teenager's body is in the process of development and is definitely not ready for any physicality, much less sex.
Teenage pregnancies and how often they fail are glaring examples of the catastrophic fall outs of having sex at an extremely young age. Another important point is that teenagers are not completely aware of the precautions that must be taken and other details, and often end up taking the wrong steps which leads to sexual health disorders.
teenagers are not completely aware of the precautions
Teenage is in fact, the stage of preparation where a person undergoes important biological metamorphosis and the body readies itself for adult experiences. If love, sex and other relationship related issues come before time, naturally the body and the mind goof up and retaliate on account of lack of preparedness.
Emotional Instability
Teenagers are prone to extreme emotional instability, mood swings, contradictory feelings and reckless actions. Emotional maturity is a matter of time, age and experience. While some teenagers are definitely more mature and serious about life than others, there can be completely no denying the fact that none of them whatsoever are completely ready to handle the emotional stress and responsibility that a relationship entails.
As a consequence of their emotional ineptitude, they are unable to deal with the many problems associated with a relationship. They feel possessive, they get hurt easily, they are prone to fall into depression post break-ups, they become completely dependent on their partners for their happiness and well being, and they begin to circle their existence solely around them, ignoring other healthy parts of life like family, studies, and quite often, even friends. Teenagers are emotionally unripe and any majorly hectic experience, like a relationship, can do severe harm unto them!
Emotional Instability
Life-long Scars
Teenage is an extremely sensitive territory. Every experience, good or bad, creates a deep and irascible imprint on the mind of a youngster. Every incident in a child and a teenager's life accounts for numerous takeaways and memories.
More often than not, teenage relationships backfire completely and leave irrevocable scars of the emotional make-up of a person. Many teenagers are known to develop unnatural behavioural tendencies – like permanently being put-off relationships, commitment phobia, continuous one night stands etc. Thus, teenage relationships often scar you for life. They create a lot of negativity in a person and make him/her age much before time.
Life-long Scars
Other Things Sidelined
Ideally, a teenager's life should be spent in making good friends, having great times with them, studying hard, crushing on a lot of people and other pleasant things. A relationship at such a tender age, basically exposes them to the kind of anxiety and trauma that married people go through! Falling into a relationship erases the brighter and the more important aspects of a teenager's life.
They begin to sideline issues that are more important. Although some people do manage to retain dedication towards studies and career, most of them become distracted and disinterested. This inevitably leads to regrets and problems later on in life. Morever, teenagers often waste their hobbies, skills, talents and aptitude by investing all of their time and energy in their hypothesized bubble of "love".
Teenage dating also makes a person more and more distant from their friends and family. They center their social existence completely around their boyfriend/girlfriend. Very often, they hide their activities from them and create unnecessary complications in their lives.
Sometimes, teenagers even end up permanently damaging their career and their filial and friendly relationships, which naturally causes a lot of unhappiness and distress in the long run.
Falling into a relationship erases
However, it is important to note that not all teenage relationships are disadvantageous. If they are lucky, teengers may find true love at their young age and hence enjoy a consistent support system from their partner.
Teenage relationships, even when they go wrong, provide a lot of experience to the youngsters and make them stronger, more mature and more armed to deal with relationship issues in future. They also help them decide about what kind of man/woman they actually want in their life. A successful teenage relationship can do wonders for the self-assurance of a person and make them feel much happier and positive about life.
As a matter of fact, the entire issue is extremely subjective and boils down to the attitude and nature of the teenager. If the teenager can intelligently take decisions about such important issues, handle problems with calm and composure, and multi-task and devote time to every aspect of life without side-lining any, then a teenage relationship shall cause none of the above mentioned problems. However, such a situation is very rare and most teenage relationships are, regrettably, plagued by many teething troubles, and hence, must be avoided as far as possible.
feel much happier and positive about life


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Terminal, or more precisely terminal emulator is a program that allows you to emulate a text based terminal (used to access either a local or a remote machine).
Shell is a program that you see running inside the terminal emulator.
The goal of a terminal emulator is to manage the I/O of the terminal and interpret special text sequence (like ANSI escape sequences used for color output and cursor movement).
The goal of the shell is to interpret the commands entered by the user/script and execute the requested programs. It also provide features like history or job management.
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That's all fine and dandy, but the question was where the term'shell' came from, not what it meant. – draeath Jun 13 '11 at 19:17
useful nonetheless. – Eric Wilson Jun 13 '11 at 19:22
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text:
Since Microsoft Dynamics 365 for Finance & Operations is a cloud-based ERP we cannot work with files on the AOS drive anymore. It was pretty usual to have file-based integrations in AX where you got a file in a folder and processed it.
Of course it's still possible to work with files, for example from a storage account on Azure like Miquel Vidal has shown in his blog (in Spanish) or with the Recurring Integrations Scheduler tool.
Unzip.NET Streams
So, how do we unzip one of these files? For example, the ISO20022 vendor payment journal file is zipped. What if we need to access the XML file contained in the ZIP?
We'll need to use the ZipArchive class from System.IO.Compression namespace, and it's really really easy. For example:
public MemoryStream unizpStream(MemoryStream _stream)
ZipArchive zipArchive = new ZipArchive(_stream);
MemoryStream retStream = new MemoryStream();
var enumerator = zipArchive.Entries.GetEnumerator();
entry = enumerator.Current;.
var unzippedStream = entry.Open();
Edit: this code is valid for a single file ZIP. If the zipped file contains more than one file you must process each Stream inside the while.
We need to copy the unzippedStream stream (which is a DeflateStream) to a MemoryStream (which must be initialized) before returning it.
Remember that to access a.NET collection we need to use an enumerator to loop through it. If you don't see the methods in the lookup using dot notation just write them, writing.NET code in X++ is still a bit buggy…


text: Image text transcribed for accessibility: A beam with rectangular cross section is subjected to the load shown in the picture, F = 5 kips, E = 1. 75 times 103 ksi, Izz = 2. 25 in4. Determine: The reactions at A and C. The flexural and shear stress in the cross section B at a distance y = 0. 25 in from the neutral axis. Sketch Mohr's circle for the state of stress found in (b). Plot the stress state in (b) on the Mohr's circle. Determine the principal stresses and their orientation with respect to the +x-axis and show them on a properly oriented stress element.


Creator Help
Execute XML
Execute XML
The executeXPath Deluge task executes an XPath in the context of the specified XML and returns the value as a string. Here, XPath refers to the XML Path Language for finding information in an XML document. XML documents can be represented as a tree and XPath provides the ability to navigate this tree by selecting nodes by a variety of criteria. For example, in the following XML document,
- the XPath bookstore/book/title, selects all the title elements that are children of bookstore
- the XPath bookstore/book/title/text(), selects the text from all the title nodes
- the XPath bookstore/book[1]/title, selects only the title of the first book node under the bookstore element
- the XPath bookstore/book[price>35]/price, selects all the price nodes with a price higher than 35
Femat's Enigma
Simon Singh
Survival Is Not Enough
Seth Godin
The God Delusion
Richard Dawkins
The Black Swan
Nassim Nicholas Taleb
 = .executeXPath()
 - the variable to hold the string value returned by the execute task.
 - variable of type XML/string that holds the XML/JSON document
 - the xpath expression to select the specific nodes in an XML document.
Using Script Builder
To add the Execute XML task using Script Builder,
 1. Drag-n-drop the XML Manipulation - ExecuteXPath task from the left-side task tree.
 2. Define the variable to hold the string response from the Execute XPath task.
 3. Specify the string/xml variable that holds the xml/json document.
 4. Specify the xpath expression for finding the required information from the xml/json document. Use the XPath Learner to find the right xpath expression to be executed.
 5. Click Done to add the value to the script editor, as shown in the screen-shot given below:
XPath Builder
The XPath Builder provides an intuitive user interface to find the required XPath expression from a given XML/ JSON File. The builder automatically converts JSON to XML so that XPath can be applied to it to filter nodes. To find XPath expressions,
 1. Click on the XPath Builder link. The Load dialog provides the option to specify the url of the XML/JSON file or upload the file from your PC or just copy-paste the file to the text-area of the builder. In the screen-shot given below, the URL of the XML file from the site is specified. If the request method is GET, the HTTP GET request is used to get data from the url. If the request method is POST, the HTTP POST request is used to get data from the url. The parameter name and value must be passed as arguments, if any, to the POST method.
 2. On specifying the URL(as shown in the screenshot) or uploading the file, click Done to display the XML in tree format.
 3. The tree format of the XML gets loaded on the left-side of the XPath builder, as shown in the screen-shot below. The tab named XML Node Tree displays the XML in tree format. The tab named XML Content displays the content of the XML document. You can select any node in the tree and see the XPath expression getting generated for it in the Write XPath text area. For example, in the screen-shot given below, we have selected statuses/status/location/text(), which displays the text of all the location nodes in the xml document.
 4. The XPath of the selected node is displayed as shown below:
 5. You can also filter the nodes according to some criteria. (i.e. specify predicates)
 6. Click on the Execute button to apply the XPath expression on the XML file and view the results, as shown in the screen-shot below. Click on Apply to add the xpath expression to the Execute XMLdialog.
 - In Xpath builder, external entity in xml content cannot be processed.


text:
ids of phosphorus
Phosphorous oxoacids are extensive, often commercially important, and sometimes structurally complicated. They all have acidic protons bound to oxygen atoms, some have nonacidic protons that are bonded directly to phosphorus and some contain phosphorus - phosphorus bonds. Although many oxoacids of phosphorus are formed, only nine are important, and three of them, hypophosphorous acid, phosphorous acid, and phosphoric acid, are particularly important.
|Oxidation state||Formula||Name||Acidic protons||Compounds|
|+1||HH2PO2||hypophosphorous acid||1||acid, salts|
|+3||H2HPO3||phosphorous acid||2||acid, salts|
|+3||H3PO3||(ortho)phosphorous acid||3||acid, salts|
|+4||H4P2O6||hypophosphoric acid||4||acid, salts|
|+5||(HPO3)n||metaphosphoric acids||n||salts (n=3,4,6)|
|+5||H(HPO3)nOH||polyphosphoric acids||n+2||acids, salts (n=1-6)|
|+5||H4P2O7||pyrophosphoric acid||4||acid, salts|
|+5||H3PO4||(ortho)phosphoric acid||3||acid, salts|
The most prevalent compounds of phosphorus are derivatives of phosphate (PO43−), a tetrahedral anion. Phosphate is the conjugate base of phosphoric acid, which is produced on a massive scale for use in fertilisers. Being triprotic, phosphoric acid converts stepwise to three conjugate bases:
- H3PO4 + H2O ⇌ H3O+ + H2PO4− Ka1= 7.25×10−3
- H2PO4− + H2O ⇌ H3O+ + HPO42− Ka2= 6.31×10−8
- HPO42− + H2O ⇌ H3O+ + PO43− Ka3= 3.98×10−13
Phosphate exhibits the tendency to form chains and rings with P-O-P bonds. Many polyphosphates are known, including ATP. Polyphosphates arise by dehydration of hydrogen phosphates such as HPO42− and H2PO4−. For example, the industrially important trisodium triphosphate (also known as sodium tripolyphosphate, STPP) is produced industrially on by the megatonne by this condensation reaction:
- 2 Na2[(HO)PO3] + Na[(HO)2PO2] → Na5[O3P-O-P(O)2-O-PO3] + 2 H2O
With metal cations, phosphate forms a variety of salts. These solids are polymeric, featuring P-O-M linkages. When the metal cation has a charge of 2+ or 3+, the salts are generally insoluble, hence they exist as common minerals. Many phosphate salts are derived from hydrogen phosphate (HPO42−).
PCl5 and PF5 are common compounds. PF5 is a colourless gas and the molecules have trigonal bypramidal geometry. PCl5 is a colourless solid which has an ionic formulation of PCl4+ PCl6−, but adopts the trigonal bypramidal geometry when molten or in the vapour phase. PBr5 is an unstable solid formulated as PBr4+Br−and PI5 is not known. The pentachloride and pentafluoride are Lewis acids. With fluoride, PF5 forms PF6−, an anion that is isoelectronic with SF6. The most important oxyhalide is phosphorus oxychloride, (POCl3), which is approximately tetrahedral.
Before extensive computer calculations were feasible, it was thought that bonding in phosphorus(V) compounds involved d orbitals. Computer modeling of molecular orbital theory indicates that this bonding involves only s- and p-orbitals.
The PN molecule is considered unstable, but is a product of crystalline Phosphorus nitride decomposition at 1100 K. Similarly, H2PN is considered unstable, and phosphorus nitride halogens like F2PN, Cl2PN, Br2PN, and I2PN oligomerise into cyclic Polyphosphazenes. For example, compounds of the formula (PNCl2)n exist mainly as rings such as the trimer hexachlorophosphazene. The phosphazenes arise by treatment of phosphorus pentachloride with ammonium chloride:
PCl5 + NH4Cl → 1/n (NPCl2)n + 4 HCl
Phosphorus forms a wide range of sulfides, where the phosphorus can be in P(V), P(III) or other oxidation states. The most famous is the three-fold symmetric P4S3 which is used in strike-anywhere matches. P4S10 and P4O10 have analogous structures.
All four symmetrical trihalides are well known: gaseous PF3, the yellowish liquids PCl3 and PBr3, and the solid PI3. These materials are moisture sensitive, hydrolysing to give phosphorous acid. The trichloride, a common reagent, is produced by chlorination of white phosphorus:
- P4 + 6 Cl2 → 4 PCl3
The trifluoride is produced from the trichloride by halide exchange. PF3 is toxic because it binds to haemoglobin.
Phosphorus(III) oxide, P4O6 (also called tetraphosphorus hexoxide) is the anhydride of P(OH)3, the minor tautomer of phosphorous acid. The structure of P4O6 is like that of P4O10 without the terminal oxide groups.
Mixed oxyhalides and oxyhydrides of phosphorus(III) are almost unknown.
Compounds with P-C and P-O-C bonds are often classified as organophosphorus compounds. They are widely used commercially. The PCl3 serves as a source of P3+ in routes to organophosphorus(III) compounds. For example, it is the precursor to triphenylphosphine:
- PCl3 + 6 Na + 3 C6H5Cl → P(C6H5)3 + 6 NaCl
- PCl3 + 3 C6H5OH → P(OC6H5)3 + 3 HCl
- OPCl3 + 3 C6H5OH → OP(OC6H5)3 + 3 HCl
Phosphorus(I) and phosphorus(II) compounds
These compounds generally feature P-P bonds. Examples include catenated derivatives of phosphine and organophosphines. Compounds containing P=P double bonds have also been observed, although they are rare.
Phosphine (PH3) and its organic derivatives (PR3) are structural analogues with ammonia (NH3) but the bond angles at phosphorus are closer to 90° for phosphine and its organic derivatives. It is an ill-smelling, toxic compound. Phosphorus has an oxidation number of -3 in phosphine. Phosphine is produced by hydrolysis of calcium phosphide, Ca3P2. Unlike ammonia, phosphine is oxidised by air. Phosphine is also far less basic than ammonia. Other phophines are known which contain chains of up to nine phosphorus atoms and have the formula PnHn+2. The highly flammable gas diphosphine (P2H4) is an analogue of hydrazine.
Phosphides arise by reaction of metals with red phosphorus. The alkali metals (group 1) and alkaline earth metals can form ionic compounds containing the phosphide ion, P3−. These compounds react with water to form phosphine. Other phosphides, for example Na3P7, are known for these reactive metals. With the transition metals as well as the monophosphides there are metal rich phosphides, which are generally hard refractory compounds with a metallic lustre, and phosphorus rich phosphides which are less stable and include semiconductors. Schreibersite is a naturally occurring metal rich phosphide found in meteorites. The structures of the metal rich and phosphorus rich phosphides can be structurally complex.
Spelling and etymology
The name Phosphorus in Ancient Greece was the name for the planet Venus and is derived from the Greek words (φῶς = light, φέρω = carry), which roughly translates as light-bringer or light carrier. (In Greek mythology and tradition, Augerinus (Αυγερινός = morning star, still in use today), Hesperus or Hesperinus (΄Εσπερος or Εσπερινός or Αποσπερίτης = evening star, still in use today) and Eosphorus (Εωσφόρος = dawnbearer, not in use for the planet after Christianity) are close homologues, and also associated with Phosphorus-the-planet).
According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the correct spelling of the element is phosphorus. The word phosphorous is the adjectival form of the P3+ valence: so, just as sulfur forms sulf


text:
WebMD Medical News
Laura J. Martin, MD
Feb. 23, 2011 -- Electricity alone may be enough to zap sweaty palms and temporarily relieve excessive sweating caused by hyperhidrosis.
A new study shows that applying a small electric current to the wrists of people with the disorder kept their hands dry during treatment.
Researchers say tap water iontophoresis, which involves placing hands in a container of tap water charged with an electric current, has been a common treatment for hyperhidrosis for many years. But the results of this study suggest that the tap water may be unnecessary and a dry electric current alone may be an effective treatment for sweaty palms.
"These results imply that tap water in traditional iontophoresis may play no other part than acting as conductor for current," researcher Kave Shams, MBChB, of Monklands Hospital in Airdrie, Scotland, and colleagues write in the Archives of Dermatology. "This suggests that far less bulky iontophoresis machines requiring less space and resources could also be effective, although further studies are required to verify this proposition."
The study evaluated the effects of applying a low-level electric current via battery-operated pads to the wrists of six people with sweaty palms (palmar hyperhidrosis). Researchers applied a special solution to make sweaty areas appear dark blue and then photographed the participants' hands before, during, and after the two-minute electrical treatment.
The results showed that the dry electric current led to a substantial reduction in sweating during treatment, and the sweating returned within seconds or minutes after the electric current stopped.
The participants also subjectively rated their sweaty palms during treatment on a scale of 1 to 100 (dry to wet) and reported a reduction from an average of 66.2 before treatment to 19.2 during treatment.
The study results may help researchers better understand the mechanisms behind the disorder and develop more effective treatments.
SOURCE:Shams, K. Archives of Dermatology, February 2011; vol 147: pp 241-42.
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text:
Short-Term Occupational Employment Forecasts
Short-Term Occupational Employment Forecasts anticipate changes in employment and job openings within an occupation over time. They are revised every year to incorporate economic changes that occur across the nation. The data contained in these tables are a good source of information for estimating job opportunities, developing training programs, and gaining an insight into future employment trends.
These forecasts are estimates of occupational employment levels and trends, not exact counts. Events may occur during the two-year period that are impossible to predict. These data are most useful when used in conjunction with other economic data.
The 2012-2014 Short-Term Occupational Employment Forecasts are available for the state in both PDF
We would like to know if you find these data useful and presented in an acceptable format. Please email _EMAIL_
with your comments.


Skip to definition.
Noun: wastefulness weyst-ful-nus
 1. The trait of wasting resources
 "the wastefulness of missed opportunities";
 - thriftlessness, waste
 2. Useless or profitless activity; using or expending or consuming thoughtlessly or carelessly
 - waste, dissipation
Type of: activity, improvidence, shortsightedness
Encyclopedia: Wastefulness


text:
Hero Engine (third law of motion)
Replica of a Hero's Engine.
© Sussex Steam Company\John Whitehouse
- K-2 3-5 6-8
Students use the thrust produced by falling water to investigate Newton's Third Law of Motion.
Student teams will construct water-propelled engines out of soft drink cans and investigate ways to increase the action-reaction thrust produced by water shooting out of holes punched in the can sides.
The "Hero Engine" activity is from the Rockets Educators Guide. Although grade levels are suggested, small modifications will enable more complex activities to be used successfully with other grade levels for observation, demonstration or complete lessons.
Funded by the following grant(s)
This publication is by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA Kennedy Space Center, and released into the Public Domain. Permission is not required for duplication.


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Satellite state
The term satellite state, by analogy to stellar objects orbiting a larger object, such as planets revolving around the sun, refers to a country that is formally sovereign but that is in fact dominated by a larger hegemonic power. In extreme cases, satellite countries may be virtual colonies with little political, economic or military independence.
The expression is most commonly used to describe the Central and Eastern European countries of the Warsaw pact during the Cold War, which were within the sphere of influence of the Soviet Union (from _PHONE_ until 1989). Cuba was also accused of being a Soviet satellite once it began to receive economic and military aid from the country.
The Eastern bloc did not accept this description and presented itself as a group of independent and equal countries. The bloc also accused the United States of having satellite states in NATO such as Italy, France and West Germany.
Other great powers, including Nazi Germany and the People's Republic of China, are sometimes also said to have (or have had) satellites.
See also
Last updated: 02-09-2005 20:03:53
Last updated: 02-21-2005 12:23:06


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How to Say My Pleasure in Spanish
If you're saying "my pleasure" solo, you'd use "el gusto es mio." More often than not, you'll pair it with you "you're welcome." To say "You're welcome. My pleasure." you have two options: "De nada. Con mucho gusto." or "De nada. Es un placer."
If the different options seem overwhelming in the beginning, don't worry. Comfort comes with practise. And getting a handle on one option—like "el gusto es mio" —will allow you to communicate in most circumstances. As you progress on your learning journey, you can slowly
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Rosetta Stone's Dynamic Immersion® methodology teaches you the language, not just the words. What makes it so effective is that we prepare you to use your new language in your everyday life. So it's not just about the features, but what you're able to do because of them. That way, you'll be ready to handle any situation with ease and confidence.
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Today, people choose to learn Spanish for a myriad of reasons. Some find themselves exposed to the language every day. After all, Spanish is heard in popular music, movies, and TV shows. Other people want to learn Spanish based on their plans to work, vacation, or volunteer in one of the 20 countries where Spanish is the official language. Whatever your reason, you can get off to a great start by learning how to pronounce some basic Spanish words and phrases first. It is an important step to understand and be understood by any of the 437 million people around the world who speak Spanish.
One pitfall to avoid is trying to memorise lengthy lists of Spanish vocabulary words and phrases. This tedious and time-consuming effort can lead to the unfortunate outcome of having little-to-no ability to participate in everyday Spanish conversation. That's why it's strongly advised that new Spanish language learners focus frost on understanding and pronouncing basic words and phrases. This proven and practical approach to learning Spanish will help you become a confident and comfortable speaker.
It's worth noting that Spanish does have some pronunciation distinctions that can make it a challenge for language learners. As one example, the letter r is pronounced differently and takes some practise for most new learners. This distinct sound is formed by tapping the tip of the tongue on the roof of the mouth, about a third of the way back in the mouth. Some Spanish language experts suggest new learners practise making the "tt" sound, as it sounds in the English word butter.
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