text:
Asynchronous evolution of mammalian myosin proteins. The matrix illustrates the normalized distances between corresponding sequences. Asynchronous evolution is observed if the pattern of the deviation from the mean is different. For example, the pattern from rat to the other mammalian species is very similar, illustrating their synchronous evolution in general. However, there are differences in the patterns of some class-I myosins between rat and mouse and opossum, indicating their asynchronous evolution. In contrast, the sequence comparison patterns of cow and the other mammals are very different, indicating the asynchronous evolution of all cow myosin genes. The abbreviations for the organisms are: Rn, Rattus norvegicus; Mm, Mus musculus; Pat, Pan troglodytes; Hs, Homo sapiens; Mam, Macaca mulatto; Caf, Canis familiaris; Bt, Bos Taurus; Md, Monodelphis domestica.
Odronitz and Kollmar Genome Biology 2007 8:R196 doi:10.1186/gb-2007-8-9-r196


text:
Letter I (long i) > Ice Cream
Crafts > Learning Toy Colors
| Numbers >
Ice Cream Cone Color and Numbers Craft
Holidays & Events >
*June > Dairy Month
*July > National Ice Cream Month
Nutrition > Dairy
Products > Ice Cream
This ice cream cone with a "tower of
ice cream scoops" can be a learning tool or homemade toy for
learning colors and numbers.
The ice cream cone is not meant to be assembled all at once by the
children, but instead by stages. The cone can also be used as
an educational display / bulletin board item or to make individual
suggestions for presenting it are below.
You may want to consider laminating the
elements: scoops, cones, and labels (colors and numbers) for
extended use. After it is laminated attach Velcro to
assemble the scoops and the labels. The pieces can be stored and
reassembled again and again.
The vertical format is also an easy and convenient way to display colors and numbers
in a compact space and can be adapted for use in bulletin boards in
*Make single cones to display children's pictures.
*Make individual cones with one scoop for a vertical display
Activity #1: Craft - Ice Cream Cone Colors and Numbers 1 to
Suggestions sequence of presenting
the cone craft:
Toddlers: (Under 36 months)
1. Display individual cones with primary colors for practice.
2. Select a cone with three colors (primary colors: yellow, blue, red).
Cut out pieces and the children can assemble the cone. Provide
the color labels so they can match to the cones. Separately
conduct a number activity for numbers 1 to 3.
Progressively add a secondary color (orange, green and purple) to the cone as well as a
color word card and number.
Preschool: Ages 3+ and older.
Rainbow Colors Theme: Choose a cone with primary colors and
then present a color mixing activity that demonstrates how secondary
colors are obtained. Assemble the cone with six scoops --
primary colors and secondary colors. Separately introduce
1. Option #1: Print color templates and select from
two cone options. Review assembly below. Optional: Select
color word cards and/or number cards to add to the cones.
2. Option #2: This option is best for large
groups. Use black and white templates and print directly to color paper or construction paper.
You will print 2 ice cream
scoops of the same color per paper, which can be separated
later. Print your choice of cone to tan or brown paper. Divide the the scoops so each child has
the number of scoops for the activity. Optional: Print your choice or color or
black and white color words or number labels. For color labels,
fill the numbers and dots with markers.
1. The pieces can be precut or children can help cut some of the
pieces. Six scoops and the cone are probably too much for the
children to cut out on their own.
Learning about Primary Colors and Secondary Colors:
Before the assembly, the ice cream scoops can be used to make a
presentation about primary colors and how these mix to form secondary
colors. Print and cut out additional cones to make a graph or
use these materials and presentation for this purpose.
The scoops can be arranged from top to bottom by placing the primary
colors first, secondary colors next and brown/gray and pink last or free style. After the scoops
are organized and glued they can be pasted onto to the cone.
Distribute color labels or number labels depending on which you wish
Visit the related alphabet letter I
ice cream lesson plan.
*Red & Yellow
*Orange & Purple
*Brown & Pink
*Black & White
Black & White Templates:

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Learning Consulting and Design
Discern. Define. Design.
We Take Your Learning Programs from Concept to Reality
Consulting with clients is at the heart of everything we do. It starts with a deep understanding of your needs, current employee performance levels, desired future state of performance, existing infrastructure, pain points, and business goals. We then apply our deep L&D domain expertise crafting solutions for clients in diverse industries to create a roadmap for success that informs the design and development processes and accelerates growth for your organization and people.
Your Company is Like No Other. Shouldn't Your Learning Solutions be the Same?
Learning Services and Products
At Origin, we offer an array of learning services and products to identify needs
and craft impactful learning solutions that drive measurable results.
How Can We Help You?
At Origin, we bring decades of experience consulting with companies from diverse industries to help them achieve their learning and business goals. Whether you have an existing learning infrastructure in place and are seeking a fresh approach or are just starting out, Origin's highly-skilled team of learning consultants listens to your pain points, asks the right questions, and analyzes your current learning function and skills gaps to create a customized learning strategy that drives measurable performance improvements and business results.
The Best Consulting Defines the Best Learning Programs
The Intersection of Consulting and Development
Curriculum Design requires careful analysis and planning by instructional design experts capable of developing activities, learning paths, lessons, and assessments. Origin works with you to understand the underlying issues or problems the training is intended to solve and your required performance goals. We take the information derived from your needs assessment and skills gap analysis to inform the course's development. We then create a blueprint to address these gaps and carefully plan the content to ensure it is mapped to your desired learning objectives.
Job Task and Training Needs Analysis
Performing job task analyses for specific roles is a chore most employers would like to do but often lack the bandwidth to perform. It's important because it provides a detailed account of tasks, responsibilities, and skills involved in identified job roles. It also helps isolate areas needing improvement while determining effective training paths and support that will have a measurable impact on both the learner and the organization.
Our Successful Approach:
Origin specializes in conducting fast, accurate job task analyses customized to your industry, company, and unique workplace culture. We conduct our research through face-to-face meetings with your Subject Matter Experts (SMEs), stakeholders, and unit leaders to determine the skills and proficiencies necessary for a specific role. We then distill this information into a customized report that offers detailed observations of activities involved as well as proficiency levels, standards, and workforce training needs/competencies required for each job role to be successful.
Origin Learning will provide you with a detailed analysis of:
User Experience Design
Designing learning for the User Experience (UX) involves understanding the full lifecycle of the learner's journey. From accessibility on various platforms or devices to how content is organized for easy navigation, or how complex content is broken down into manageable lessons – every interaction the user has with your learning program goes into the User Experience. Creating learning programs without an emphasis on UX can frustrate learners, have a negative impact on learner engagement, and ultimately reduce knowledge retention.
Why Trust Origin for Your UX Design?
It's Origin's goal to make learning as easy and engaging as possible, so your learners focus on acquiring the knowledge or skills your eLearning program was designed to teach them. We do this by designing with a user-first focus and applying fundamental UX principles, including:
User Interface Design
The User Interface (UI) is how learners interact with your eLearning, mobile learning, and performance support tools. UI plays a significant role in the User Experience (UX). Getting the interface wrong can lead to frustrations and potentially cast a negative perception of your entire learning program. Simply put, learners don't want to have to think about the interface. They are there to learn!
We Adhere to UI Best Practices to Optimize Learning
At Origin, we take UI design very seriously. As with UX, we apply UI best practices to make the interface as intuitive as possible for your learners, including:
Trust Origin to Deliver an Exceptional Learner Experience
Content Development & Production
When seeking a development partner for your organization's learning content, you want a partner who knows your industry but can also expand your vision with cross-industry experience. You want a partner capable of applying a range of content modalities but who chooses the best-fit strategies to match your culture, workforce, extended enterprise, and performance outcomes. From traditional instructor-led classroom content to the most sophisticated, leading-edge digital course technologies like AR and VR, Origin Learning is that partner.
Outcome-Focused Content Development
Origin has an impressive track record in developing custom content for various industries and topics supporting workforce enablement, customer enablement, and field enablement. Our highly effective development approach includes identifying each audience's diverse learning objectives and layering those differences onto efficiently-designed common core content to achieve your desired outcomes. The result is engaging, learner-centric content that can be delivered on any device to foster engagement, retention of knowledge, observable behaviors, and measurable results for your organization.
Practice & Assessments
Practice makes perfect, so the saying goes. But sometimes, practice can make something imperfect (or really awful) if inexperienced users are making changes to a live program or software. So, what's the solution?
Origin Helps Your Team Optimize Skills Through Safe Hands-On Training Opportunities
Assessments are an integral part of the curriculum planning process. Without them, you would have no insight into which competencies your learners already have, which they still need, or how the training can be improved to achieve better results.
Origin Learning designs and develops multiple types of assessments to ensure that your learners can effectively demonstrate the knowledge and apply it appropriately, including:
We Help Provide Important Insights Into Learner Competencies and Skills Gaps
Origin is highly skilled in developing and implementing practice and assessments into your learning programs.
It's a sad truth that your learners will only retain about half of their newly-acquired knowledge after a few days or weeks unless that "memory of knowledge" is renewed regularly. Your employees require performance support that is accessible on-demand to assist them in their moment of need — when they are carrying out tasks or procedures. Performance Support Tools (PSTs) such as job aids, bite-sized training, or animated tutorials are designed to empower your employees by providing support right at their fingertips exactly when and where they need it.
Our Performance Support Tools Bridge Knowledge Gaps at the Point of Need.
Origin Learning is highly skilled in developing embedded Performance Support Tools into the workflow of learners. These tools provide immediate task support, improve learning stickiness, streamline efficiencies, and reduce downtime.
When to Use Performance Support
Interested in Performance Support Tools for Your Organization?

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
, March 14, 1889—October 13, 1971) was a prolific medievalist, etymologist
, philologist, and specialist in Chaucer who was lecturer and then professor of English Literature at Johns Hopkins University
from 1924 to 1956.
Born in an academic family, Kemp Malone graduated from Emory College
as it then was in 1907, with the ambition of mastering all the languages that impinged upon the development of Middle English
. He spent several years in Germany, Denmark and Iceland. When World War I
broke out he served two years in the United States Army and was discharged with the rank of Captain.
Malone served as President of the Modern Language Association
, and other philological associations (see link) and was etymology editor of the American College Dictionary
, 1947. He resisted the views of Old English poetry as products of a purely oral tradition
. He contended that we must look to poets' individual elaboration of traditional structures: "A given poet was reckoned worthy if he handled with skill the stuff of which, by convention, poems must be made" (Malone, "The old tradition: poetic form" in A Literary History of England,
Albert C. Baugh, editor, p. 31)
His interests ranged from 10th century manuscripts to the etymology of contemporary comic strip names. American speech, the English language, the historical Arthur
(his suggestion was the Roman dux Lucius Artorius Castus
(he edited a facsimile of the......


The Nine Uses of Calamansi
Also known as kalamansi, calamansi, calamondin.
1) Calamansi is processed to juice, concentrate, acidulant for other juices, jellies, jam and marmalade.
2) A rich source of Vitamin C. Cures cough and cold.
3) Calamansi juice is also used as a meat tenderizer and adds flavor to the dishes. Can be made to sauce and marinade.
4) It also helps strengthen the bones and stimulate growth especially among growing children.
5) Helps in smooth blood circulation facilitate normal digestion due to its alkalinizing effect.
6) Treatment for itchy scalp and enhancing hair growth.
7) It can also heal insect bites, remove freckles, clear up acne, cure pimples, and deodorize underarms.
8) Heavy stain remover.
9) Peel can be processed to candy (jump here) or use for other purposes (jump here).
bowl of calamansi
 - paano po gamitin ang kalamansi para pang-alis ng freckles?
 - pwede po bang makainom nng kalamansi juice kahit mayrong gallstone.
 - It is true and
 every night
 ill apply a
 on my skin
 to make it
 cleaner and
 It can also
 rem0ves dry
Join the Discussion


text:
Pub. date: 2004 | Online Pub. Date: September 15, 2007 | DOI: 10.4135/9781412952576 | Print ISBN: 9780761923602 | Online ISBN: 9781412952576| Publisher:SAGE Publications, Inc.About this encyclopedia
Jean J. Schensul
The term key informant is best understood in the context of ethnographic or qualitative research in naturalistic settings (LeCompte & Schensul, 1999). These settings are often termed "the field" (DeWalt & DeWalt, 2002; Pelto & Pelto, 1978). The field is a sociophysical setting whose boundaries are defined in terms of institutions and people of interest and their associated activities in geographic space. For ethnographers, the field is any naturalistic geographic/social setting or location where a selected research problem is to be studied—a neighborhood, a network of clinics or emergency rooms, a group of buildings, or a school system. When ethnographic or qualitative researchers go to the field, they leave their own communities, institutional settings, and familiar behavioral and cognitive patterns to "enter" another social world—the world where the research will be conducted (Bernard, 2000; Miller & Crabtree, 1994; Werner & Schoepfle, 1987). Ethnographic research is never "autobiographical." It requires that...


text:
Place of publishing:
Subject and Keywords:
Wielokryterialne podejmowanie decyzji ; Negotiations ; Negocjacje ; Macroeconomic modeling ; Fiscal-monetary game ; Nash equilibrium ; Bargaining problem ; Multiple criteria decision making, mcdm ; Modelowanie makroekonomiczne ; Gra fiskalno-pieniężna ; Problem przetargowy
The paper deals with the fiscal-monetary game. In the game the fiscal and the monetary authorities take decisions on the choice of the optimum strategy from the point of view of realization of their respective economic objectives. A macroeconomic model has been constructed and used to represent the interrelations between, on the one hand, the instruments of fiscal policy and of the monetary policy, and, on the other hand - the economic effects resulting from their application. The best response strategies of the authorities and the Nash equilibrium state are analyzed. The simulation results obtained indicate that in a general case the Nash equilibrium is not Pareto optimal. It means that the policies should be coordinated and that respective negotiations leading to a Pareto-optimal consensus are needed.
Language of abstract:
Projects co-financed by:
Operational Program Digital Poland, 2014-2020, Measure 2.3: Digital accessibility and usefulness of public sector information; funds from the European Regional Development Fund and national co-financing from the state budget.


text:
Part of Speech: Noun
Meaning: 1. The metaphorical technique of naming a specific part when referring to the whole. 2. Naming the whole to indicate a part.
Notes: Today's Good Word is the proper literary term for a habit that is ubiquitous in common speech. The adjective for it is synecdochic(al) and you may use the adverb when you speak synecdochically. The practice of using synecdoches is synecdochism.
In Play: You avail yourself of synecdoche every time you say a neighbor lives two doors down the street, meaning houses. When your teenaged son whose English grades are low says, "I can't go out tonight, the'rents have the wheels," he is saying "car" with one of the major rhetorical devices of English. The reverse situation, using a whole to refer to a part, is also synecdoche: "I think Ghana is going to beat Brazil in the World Cup," besides being wishful thinking, is a synecdoche in which wholes (Ghana, Brazil) refer to only parts of themselves (the Ghanaian and Brazilian soccer teams).
Word History: Today's Good Word was taken whole from Greek synekdoche, the noun of the verb syn-ek-dechesthai "to take a part of". This verb comprises a prefix syn- "with, together" + a stem ek "out of" + dechomai "to take, receive." Ekdechomai alone means "take" in the sense of "understand", the opposite of the meaning of mistake. The doche is cousin to Latin doc-ere "to teach", found in English words such as doctor and dogma. (Saying 'Thank you' to Katy Brezger for suggesting today's Good Word in the Agora is almost synecdoche, since it expresses only a part of our gratitude.)
Come visit our website at for more Good Words and other language resources!


Question: Is No 4 Unlucky?
Why is 444 unlucky?
Phone numbers.
However, this is what you'd be requesting if you choose a toll-free number ending in _PHONE_.
In some Asian languages, like Chinese and Japanese, the number 4 is actually a homonym for the word "death." As a result, most Asian companies avoid using these numbers entirely..
Why is 4 unlucky?
4: In China, the pronunciation of the word for the number four is similar to that of the Chinese word for death. Many buildings in China skip a fourth floor, just as U.S. builders sometimes omit floor 13.
What is the luckiest number in America?
7Why '7' is the luckiest number.
Why is 3 a bad number?
Is No 8 lucky or unlucky?
Eight in numerology Astrology expert Prem Kumar Sharma says that eight is a very strong number. "Eight represents Saturn or Shani. Hence, it is linked with misery and gloominess. Eight has always been misunderstood and is generally associated with bad luck," he explains.
What is the unlucky number in India?
This was considered a very unfortunate circumstance, especially by the monks who were in charge of the calendar of thirteen months for that year, and it upset the regular arrangement of church festivals. For this reason thirteen came to be considered an unlucky number.
Is 7 a lucky number in America?
Surprisingly, the number seven is consistently considered lucky, even for very different cultures. Everyone knows that in western casinos, a person wins at the slot machines if they get triple sevens, and seven is the most probable outcome of rolling two dice.
Is 19 an unlucky number?
number symbolism The Babylonians considered the 19th day of the month to be unlucky because it was 49 days from the beginning of the previous month (add 30), and, since 49 = 7 ×…
Is 7 a lucky number?
Is 8 a lucky number?
Why is there no 4th floor?
Is 4 a lucky number in America?
While 8, 4 and 13 are most often the "lucky" and "unlucky" numbers that impact real estate, experts note that in some other cultures, different numbers can also carry a special meaning.


text:
' life: Moses being found as a baby, the burning bush and the Ten Commandments. The inscription on the window is to Patrick Slattery and his family.
There is also a stained glass window in memory of Garda Peter Macauley and his wife Mary Josephine. The window shows the Sermon on the Mount. The parishioners erected a stained glass window of the Parable of the Farmer sowing seed to commemorate the Diamond Jubilee of Dean Thomas Costello who celebrated the 60th anniversary of his ordination in 1985.
James J. McCarthy, the architect of the church, also donated a stained glass window. On the left, this window depicts the Last Supper and Mary Magdalene washing the feet of Jesus. The middle panel shows the Agony in the Garden of Gethsemane and Jesus entering Jerusalem on Palm Sunday. The right window depicts Judas betraying Jesus with a kiss and the cutting off of the servant's ear. Underneath this scene there is a depiction of the Washing of the Feet at the Last Supper.
The large stained glass window in the right transept is divided in three sections with three levels to each section. The middle level shows St Brigid, the Blessed Virgin and St Timothy. The rest of the window shows the Twelve Apostles with the words of the Apostles Creed throughout the window.
Buried in the grounds of the church are:
Dean Michael A. O'Donnell
P.P. Rathkeale _PHONE_
Died 1937, aged 82
Canon Cornelius Mangan
P.P. Rathkeale 1937 - 1948
Died June 26th 1948
Archdeacon W.J. Carroll
P.P. Rathkeale 1948 - 1964
Died June 2nd 1964
There are some older church sites in the parish. Ballyallinan church is better known as the church of Beinid or St Bernard's church. The site of this small church is near St. Bernard's well. The church is in good condition and an altar has been erected in the body of the church. Large crowds attend Mass when it is said here each year on August 20th, the feast day of St Bernard.
Rathnaseer church is about two miles south of Rathkeale. This ruin is overgrown by trees and bushes but it is still visible from the roadside. Westropp measured the nave and chancel in 1905 as 37 feet by 23 1/2 feet and 19 feet by 16 1/2 feet. In the past Rathnasser was a parish.
Robert Waspayl reputedly gave the church of Rathkeale to the abbey of Keynsham in Somersetshire between the years of 1212 and 1228. This church was burned by the English lead by Malby in 1579. The Protestant church was built in 1831 near the site of the former church.
Westropp also mentions a church called Kilcolman Superior
in the parish of Rathkeale. The townlands of Kilcolman East and West are also
in the parish of Knockaderry/Cloncagh. There was also a church in Kilsmattyre,
which according to Westropp, the Rev. J. Dowd said might have been 'Castlematrix'
near Rathkeale. However, no such church is now known.
The abbey is situated at the upper end of the Main St. and
was dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary under the instructions of its founder
Gilbert Harvey and his descendant Eleanor Purcell. It was founded in 1289.
Augustinians from the Order of St Aroasia officiated at the Abbey. It was
claimed that in 1436, St. Mary the Virgin worked several miracles here. The
abbey was granted to Sir H. Wallop after the death of the prior of the abbey
Gerot Baluff in the Desmond Rebellion. The monastery was officially suppressed
in 1542 but it is thought that a small community of canons may have remained
there until 1581. The abbey is in good condition and Muintir na Tire renovated
it in 1970.
There is a large graveyard beside the church in Rathkeale. The oldest headstone that we came across dated from 1877. This headstone is dedicated to Fr James O'Shea who was a former parish priest of Rathkeale from 1864 until his death. The headstone is written in Latin and the date is written in roman numerals.
In the centre of the graveyard in Rathkeale there is a large cross. This Jubilee cross commemorates the mission that was given by the Passionist father in October 1875. The inscription on the cross also mentions the fact that it was the 30th year of the reign of Pope Pius IX.
There were two others headstones of interest that we came
across in Rathkeale. One headstone recalls the short life of Sean Finn, Brigadier
Commandant who was killed at Ballyhahill on the 30th of March 1921 at the
age of 22. There is a headstone that shows the resting-place of the late Dean
Costello, who was parish priest in Rathkeale from 1964 until his death in
On the road to Cappagh, there is a new graveyard that has been opened in the last few years. It is noted for the elaborate headstones erected by the travelling community. There was also a graveyard in Kilcolman still in use in 1840. Westropp mentions a burial place in the townland of Bealduvroga.
Both Catholics and Protestants are buried in the graveyard of the Anglican Church.
The oldest Catholic headstone that we found was dated from 1759 and was erected by John Clancy in memory of his father Richard Clancy, who died aged 40 on the 4th of August of that year.
There is a graveyard around the church in Rathnasser. The graveyard, like the church, is in a state of disrepair and is overgrown. However, there are still a number of headstones standing in the graveyard. The oldest headstone that we could read was from 1825 and it was to the memory of Joseph Ginnan who died on September 18 of that year aged 20.
In the parish of Rathkeale lies St Beinid's well. This well is sometimes called St Benedict's well, and according to Danaher it may be one and the same well as St Bernard's.
St Bernard's well is a large clear pool of water that is surrounded by ash trees. There are many different springs in the well that bubble up visibly into the pool, and locals say that the well has never dried up 'even in the warmest of summers'. The well is on the land of the Keating family and John Keating donated the altar that stands in the church ruin of St Beinid. Large crowds still visit the well on August 20th, the feast day of St Bernard, and on Good Friday.
It is claimed that water from the well can cure rheumatism, lameness and sore eyes. Rags can still be seen tied to the trees behind the well. Danaher also tells us that sometimes nails were driven into the trees as an offering. As with a large majority of wells in Limerick, legend says that the well moved when clothes were washed in it.
In the townland of Cloghanarold, there was a Holy Well called
Tobernawatha. This well used to be in the parish of Doondonnell. It was situated
about 400 yards from the ruins of Doondonnell church. Begley believed that
the well was dedicated to St Molua. The location of the well is now unknown.
As you leave the town of Rathkeale, there is a shrine to the
Virgin Mary that was erected in the Marian year of 1954.
Sean O'Driscoll came to live in Ireland in 1962 and restored Castle Matrix. The castle now has a library containing a collection of original documents relating to the "Wild Geese", who left these shores during the 17th and 18th centuries to serve in the armies of Europe. Castle Matrix's name may be derived from Caisleán Bhun Traísce but Sean O'Driscoll attributed the name to an association with the Matres or Matrone. The Matres were triple mother-goddesses of the Pagan Celts, a type of pre-Christian Trinity.
Sean O'Driscoll served in the U.S. Air Forces during WWII. In 1945 he engineered the first defection from behind the Iron Curtain, the escape of Theodore Wilhelm Schmidt. He served for a short time as aide to Brigadier-General Charles Lindbergh. O'Driscoll also worked with John Wheeler, who was the first to discover black holes and was the co-discoverer of Uranium 235 with Niels Bohr.
|English Name||Irish Name||Meaning|
|Abbeylands||Cluain na mBráthar||The meadow of the friars|
|Ardbohill||Ard Bhuachaill||High place of the herdsman|
|Ardnanean||Ard na n-Éan||The high place of the birds|
|Ardnaveagh||Ard na bhFiadh||The high place of the ravens|
|Ballyallinan North||Baile Uí Áilíoná


text:
I understand that a small aperture (large aperture number eg. F/22) means large depth of field. It is simple to undersand that small aperture size means, less light is allowed into the camera sensor. If less light is allowed how is the large depth of field is acheived?. I always believed that "Large" means you need more light, but in this case, if aperture is small, large depth of field is achieved. Could someone please help me understand this from form technical perspective.
I have seen many threads related to somewhat same question, but I don't think I have got much help, so I am posting this question
(I own a D90)


text:
Courts in the Classroom
Supreme Court of Indiana
Division of State Court Administration
30 S. Meridian Street, Ste 500
Indianapolis, IN 46204
Dr. Elizabeth R. Osborn
Public History and
2011 Outstanding Public
History Project Award
from the National Council
on Public History
Provided by the Historic Landmarks Foundation of Indiana.
Growing up in Indiana, one might assume that virtually every county in the United States has a courthouse square. They are as natural to Hoosiers as corn and soybeans. However, it seems the courthouse square is a phenomenon concentrated in Tennessee, Kentucky, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, and Missouri. Of course there are exceptions, and northeast Texas and Georgia will claim a right to be on the list, but none have embraced the courthouse square like the "heartland."1
Ball State University professor David R. Hermansen identified three types of courthouse squares in Indiana: Shelbyville, Lancaster, and Harrisonburg. Seven counties-Martin, Montgomery, Ohio, Perry, Steuben, Warren and Wells-have no courthouse square.2
In his 1968 article, "The Central Courthouse Square in the American County Seat," cultural geographer Edward T. Price linked the spread of courthouse square designs to settlement patterns. Price noticed a link between the type of courthouse square a county has and the immigration patterns of the area.
The open square space in the middle of a town is a phenomenon that dates back to medieval Europe where examples exist in Germany and Poland.3 Noting the number of German immigrants in Indiana, it's not surprising that we find similar designs here. In the United States, the public square traces its roots to early eighteenth century settlements along the east coast, but these typically did not contain courthouses.
The Shelbyville, or Block, Square is the most common design in Indiana, found in 79 of our 92 counties. It derives its name from Shelbyville, Tennessee, where in the early 1800s, planners developed a full city block with streets intersecting at each corner (see Figure 1). The courthouse was placed in the center of the square.
The Lancaster Square comes to us via Pennsylvania, where in 1682 the Philadelphia Plan called for the creation of an open square in the center of town. In 1739 the Lancaster County, Pennsylvania Courthouse was placed in the center of the green space, hence the name "Lancaster Square."4 As Price writes, "The central courthouse square must be added to the farm practices, rural and urban settlement patterns and house types, the Kentucky rifle and the Conestoga wagon, that settlers carried with them from southeastern Pennsylvania."5
Where the Lancaster and Shelbyville squares differ in design is the placement of the streets. The Shelbyville Square has streets intersecting at each corner, while the streets of the Lancaster Square converge at the sides6 (see Figure 1). The Lancaster Square makes for a dramatic courthouse view and is found in the neighboring counties of Dubois, Orange and Washington.7
The Harrisonburg Square is a combination of Lancaster and Shelbyville plans. It is a rarity in Indiana, with the only examples found in Lake, Johnson and Vanderburgh counties. In this plan, streets intersect at the corners and converge at the center of the east and west streets (see Figure 1).
The courthouse square serves a number of purposes both past and present. In addition to being a showcase for memorials, sculpture and often times military hardware, the square continues to serve as a gathering place for festivals, demonstrations and commerce.
Perhaps William Faulkner best summed up the lure of the courthouse square in Requiem for a Nun :
.but above all, the courthouse: the center, the focus, the hub; sitting looming in the center of the county's circumference like a single cloud in its ring of horizon, laying its vast shadow to the uttermost rim of horizon; musing, brooding, symbolic and ponderable, tall as cloud, solid as rock, dominating all: protector of the weak, judiciate and curb of the passions and lusts, repository and guardian of the aspirations and hopes....
1 Edward T. Price. "The Central Courthouse Square in the American County Seat," in Common Places: Readings in American Vernacular Architecture. Ed. Dell Upton and John Michael Vlach (Athens, GA: The University of Georgia Press, 1986) p. 125.
2 David R. Hermansen. " Indiana County Courthouses of the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century." Special leave report, Ball State University, Spring 1985.
3 Price, p. 128.
4 Price, p. 130.
5 Price, p. 130.
6 Hermansen, p.2.
7 Hermansen, pl 2.


Ștefan Luchian
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Ștefan Luchian
Luchian - Un zugrav.jpg
A Housepainter (self-portrait), 1909
Born (1868-01-06)6 January 1868
Died 28 June 1917(1917-06-28) (aged 49)
Nationality Romanian
Field Painting
Training William-Adolphe Bouguereau, Nicolae Grigorescu
Movement Impressionism, Post-impressionism, Symbolism
Patrons Alexandru Bogdan-Pitești, Take Ionescu
Ștefan Luchian (Romanian pronunciation: [ʃteˈfan lukiˈan], last name also spelled Lukian; 6 January 1868 – 28 June 1917) was a Romanian painter, famous for his landscapes and still life works.
Early life[edit]
He showed himself unable to accept the academic guidelines imposed by the Bavarian and Romanian schools.[2] The following year, he left for Paris, where he studied at the Académie Julian, and, although taught by the academic artist William-Adolphe Bouguereau, became acquainted with impressionist works of art.[3] Luchian's painting Ultima cursă de toamnă shows the influence of Édouard Manet and Edgar Degas, but also echoes of the Société des Artistes Indépendants, Modernism, and Post-impressionism (also obvious in works created after his return to Bucharest).[4]
Chronic illness and death[edit]
Garoafe 1907; Vara 1912; Casa lui Mos Brebu la.
In 1896, together with Nicolae Vermont, Constantin Artachino, and the art collector, Alexandru Bogdan-Pitești, Stefan Luchian was one of the main founders of Bucharest's Salonul Independenţilor, which was opened in front of the official Salon (the Romanian equivalent of the Paris Salon).[5] Two years later, the group led to the creation of Societatea Ileana and its press organ, Ileana,[6] with Luchian as the original illustrator.[7] From then on Luchian began integrating Symbolist elements in his work, taking inspiration from various related trends: Art Nouveau, Jugendstil and Mir iskusstva (see Symbolist movement in Romania).[8]
In 1900, Luchian contributed two pastels to Romania's Pavilion at the World Fair, and in the same year suffered the first symptoms of multiple sclerosis, the disease which, after some initial improvements, was to haunt him for the rest of his life. Nonetheless, he continued painting and, until 1915, had his works displayed in numerous exhibitions, albeit to a largely indifferent public.[9] At his 1905 exhibition, the only buyer of a painting was his former teacher Grigorescu. Despite being appreciated by a select few (including the writer Ion Luca Caragiale),[10] Luchian lived in poverty (the large fortune he had inherited was progressively drained).[11]
Interior (Lorica), Luchian's last painting (1913)
Paralysed from 1909, he had to live the rest of his life in an armchair.[12] This did not prevent him from working on an entire series of landscapes and flowers. He had begun flower paintings earlier, but from 1908 he concentrated all his creative energy into the subject. Toward the end of his life, Luchian was no longer able to hold the painter's brush with his fingers, and was instead helped to tie it to his wrist in order to continue work.[13]
At the time, he had begun enjoying considerable success — a phenomenon which the writer Tudor Arghezi attributed to the momentary rise of Take Ionescu as a politician (Ionescu had become the center of a fashion and subject of imitation, and he was among the first to buy more than one of Luchian's paintings).[14] As his disease became notorious, a rumor spread that Luchian allowed someone else to paint in his name; the scandal brough about Luchian's arrest under charges of fraud (he was released soon after).[15] Arghezi took pride in being one of his few defenders.[9]
One of the last events in Luchian's life was a visit paid to his house by composer and violinist George Enescu. Although the two had never met before, Enescu played his instrument as a personal tribute to the dying artist.[16]
By the 1930s, Luchian's impact on Romanian art was becoming the subject of disputes in the cultural world, with several critics claiming that his work had been minor and the details of his life exaggerated.[17] Arghezi was again involved in the polemic, and wrote passionate pieces which supported Luchian's art and attributed adverse reactions to jealousy and to Luchian's voiced distaste for mediocrity.[12]
His life was the subject of Nicolae Mărgineanu's 1981 film, Luchian, where his character was played by Ion Caramitru (Maria Ploae was Luchian's sister; other actors starring in the film where George Constantin, Ştefan Velniciuc, Florin Călinescu as Arghezi, and Adrian Pintea as Nicolae Tonitza).
Click on an image to view it enlarged.
 1. ^ Drăguţ et al., p.174
 2. ^ Drăguţ et al., p.173
 3. ^ Drăguţ et al., p.173-174, 179
 4. ^ Drăguţ et al., p.168, 174, 179
 5. ^ Drăguţ et al., p.167-168; Ionescu
 6. ^ Drăguţ et al., p.168; Ionescu
 7. ^ Ionescu
 8. ^ Drăguţ et al., p.168
 9. ^ a b Arghezi, Din zilele lui Luchian, in Scrieri, p.620-621
 10. ^ Arghezi, Din zilele lui Luchian, in Scrieri, p.621
 11. ^ Arghezi, Din zilele lui Luchian, in Scrieri, p.622-623
 12. ^ a b Arghezi, Din zilele lui Luchian, in Scrieri, p.617
 13. ^ Arghezi, Din zilele lui Luchian, in Scrieri, p.618-621; Drăguţ et al., p.175
 14. ^ Arghezi, Din zilele lui Luchian, in Scrieri, p.617-618
 15. ^ Arghezi, Din zilele lui Luchian, in Scrieri, p.617, 620-621
 16. ^ Arghezi, Din zilele lui Luchian, in Scrieri, p.623
 17. ^ Arghezi, Din zilele lui Luchian, in Scrieri, p.616-617
External links[edit]


text:
Clean Election generally refers to elections that are free of electoral fraud or deception. More specifically, clean election describes a system of taxpayer financing of political campaigns. Candidates who qualify by collecting a prescribed number of signatures and $5 contributions from registered voters in their electoral district can agree to not raise or spend any private money during the primary and general elections. Instead, a set amount of funding for the candidate's campaign is provided from the state budget. If the candidate is outspent by an opponent running a privately funded campaign, the state will provide more funding to the "clean" candidate in order to match the amount spent by the opponent, up to some multiple of the original funding.
Clean elections have been implemented in Maine and Arizona on a statewide level, as well as in Portland, Oregon on the municipal level, and elsewhere. Proponents of clean elections, including those involved in Clean Elections Rhode Island, believe that Clean Elections result in increased voter turnout, political transparency, and diversity of candidates, including fuller representation of women and minorities.


text:
|Molecular Physics Research|
|MPA Homepage > Scientific Research > Research Groups > Molecular Physics > Research|
The research focuses on reliable and accurate quantum-chemical studies of the properties and dynamics of quantum systems in external potentials, and on the development of an artificial intelligence approach to planning, conducting, and understanding of computational studies in quantum chemistry.
When a quantum system (electron, atom, molecule) is exercised to an external field its properties are modified. Research focuses on the understanding of the relations between the properties of confined quantum systems and the form of the confining potentials, like power series and Gaussian potentials, and high intensity laser and super strong magnetic fields. This provides, among others, information about quantum dots, catalytic reactions, and about the dynamics of quantum systems in high intensity laser and in super strong magnetic fields.
The immediate objective of the current research in information science and technology is to develop and implement an artificial intelligence approach to the planning, conducting, and understanding of computational studies in quantum chemistry by formalising and integrating general and specific knowledge from computational chemistry. The proposed evolutionary decision support system will provide non-expert users with guidance in selecting physically correct models which are amenable to computation and help to avoid results of unspecified reliability.
Comments to: Geerd HF Diercksen _EMAIL_


text:
Wire Harness Assemblies
A Wire Harness, also known as a cable harness or wiring assembly, is a grouping of wires, cables, or subassemblies designed to transmit signals or electrical power. A basic Wire Harness may include as few as three discreet components, while the more classic harnesses include many more wires and other passive, and potentially active, components.
A Wire Harness is often confused with a cable assembly; the main difference between the two is that a cable assembly usually has just two ends while a wire harness has multiple branches/ends running off in many different directions with multiple terminations on each branch.
The typical wire harnesses that Epec Engineered Technologies supplies include dozens of wires and sometimes hundreds of different components and terminations. Our engineering staff is well versed in the design and construction of wire harnesses and is available to assist in the development of the most efficient harness to meet your demands.
Wire Harness Design
A wire harness is typically designed to simplify the manufacture of a larger component, and is designed based on the geometric and electrical requirements of the equipment it is to be installed in.
Wire harnesses are commonly used in the electronics industry, the automotive industry, in the manufacture of construction machinery and industrial equipment, as well as in the manufacture of white goods such as washing machines and dryers, refrigerators, and other household appliances.
The wire harness simplifies the building of these larger components by integrating the wiring into a single unit, or several units, for "drop-in" installation. By binding the many wires, cables, and subassemblies into a harness, the OEM or installer only has one component to install. In addition, a wire harness allows the completed assembly to be better secured against the effects of abrasion and vibration, and by constricting the wires into a non-flexing bundle, usage of space is optimized.
Once a design is established, the process of building a wire harness starts with the development of a schematic that is used to create the manufacturing paperwork and the assembly board for the harness. The assembly board, or pin board, is a full size diagram of the harness and shows all of the components and their location and also serves as the workbench for the harness. The wires needed for the harness are supplied on a master reel and are cut to the desired length and identified with printing or labeling if necessary. Once cut to the proper length, the wires are stripped to expose the uninsulated conductor and then fitted with any required terminals or connector housings. These wires and components then are put on the pin board and are bound together by any necessary straps, cable ties, cable lacing, sleeves, tapes, weaves of extruded string, or any combination of these.
In spite of the desire to increase automation, wire harnesses, in general, continue to be manufactured by hand because of the many different processes involved.
Wire Harness Assembly Process
These processes include but are not limited to the following:
- Installing the wires and/or subassemblies on the assembly board.
- Routing wires and/or subassemblies through any required sleeves.
- Applying wraps, ties, or tapes, particularly on any branch-outs.
- Crimping terminals onto wires, especially if more than one wire goes into one terminal.
It is difficult to automate the processes used in the building of a wire harness. Manual production remains more cost effective than automation, especially with small batch sizes. Pre-production or kitting of a harness can be somewhat automated.
This would impact the following steps:
- Cutting and identifying individual wires (cutting/stripping machine).
- Crimping terminals onto one or both sides of the wire.
- Partial plugging of wires prefitted with terminals into connector housings.
- Soldering of wire ends (solder machine).
- Twisting wires.
Wire Harness Testing
Testing the electrical functionality of a wire or cable harness can be done with the aid of a test board. The test board is pre-programmed with the required electrical characteristics, and the completed harness can be plugged into the test board and tested individually or in multiple numbers.


text:
MacKenzie, Ian A., Ohndorf, Markus and Palmer, Charles (2010) Enforcement-proof contracts with moral hazard in precaution: ensuring 'permanence' in carbon sequestration. Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy and Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, 27. Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy and Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, London, UK.
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Opportunistic behaviour due to incomplete contract enforcement is a risk in many economic transactions such as forest carbon sequestration contracts. In this paper, an enforcement-proof incentive contract is developed in which a buyer demands a guaranteed delivery of a good or service given a productive upfront payment, moral hazard in precaution, and the potential for opportunistic contract breach. The optimal design of forest carbon contracts to ensure permanence is derived. Buyer liability for loss of a carbon sink is shown to yield an inefficiently low level of sequestration. Yet it remains higher than the case where liability is neither allocated to the buyer nor the seller. Indexing contract prices to the seller's opportunity costs potentially boosts the upfront investment as does shifting liability to the seller but not beyond first-best levels. Assigning liability is shown to have implications for forest carbon contracts in an international climate policy regime.
|Item Type:||Monograph (Working Paper)|
|Additional Information:||© 2010 The Authors|
|Library of Congress subject classification:||G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation > GE Environmental Sciences
H Social Sciences > HC Economic History and Conditions
|Journal of Economic Literature Classification System:||K - Law and Economics > K1 - Basic Areas of Law > K12 - Contract Law
Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics > Q1 - Agriculture > Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure; Land Reform; Land Use; Irrigation
|Sets:||Departments > Geography and Environment
Research centres and groups > Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment
Collections > Economists Online
|Date Deposited:||16 Dec 2010 10:36|
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Vivian Grisogono
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Electrical muscle stimulation for the vastus medialis obliquus muscle (VMO) can work wonders in most knee problems.
It can also be used as to help prevent knee problems, and to protect the hips
What you need:
1.The muscle stimulator. A small simple one is the most practical.
2. Two electrodes for each muscle group, so if you intend to exercise the vastus medialis muscles on both legs simultaneously you need four electrodes. Preferably, one electrode should be slightly larger than the other in each pair, but this is not essential. You can use self-adhesive electrodes with a special gel to create contact with the skin, but the electrodes don't last for very long. I prefer to use rubber electrodes with dampened sponge pads, as the electrodes don't need replacing (unless they get damaged). Sponge pads can be cut from the household cleaning sponge cloths which are readily available in most shops selling household goods.
3. For non-adhesive electrodes, you need straps to hold the electrodes in place. These can be bands with velcro fastenings, belts, or crepe bandages, for instance.
What you do:
Prepare: If you can create your own settings on your machine, you should aim at a current of 40-50 hertz (pps); contraction phase about 4 seconds, relaxation phase 10-12 seconds; if there is what is called a ramp, you can set it to 2. The ramp is the build-up time of the current, and has to be lower than the contraction time.
If you are using rubber electrodes with damp sponges, have a bowl of warm water with the sponges in it on a table beside you, t ogether with a towel so that you can wipe your hands dry when needed. Make sure the machine is switched off and place it on the table within easy reach.
Position yourself: Sit comfortably with your legs straight out in front of you, on the floor, on a couch, or on a chair with your foot or feet up on a stool or support. Place a towel under your legs to avoid getting water on the furniture.
* Place the wet sponge pads along the inner side of your leg, making sure that the sponges are quite wet - don't squeeze the water out of them. Space the sponges so that they are well apart. The upper sponge should be about two thirds of the way up the thigh, towards the hip, while the lower one should be just above the inner side of the knee. If you have different sized electrodes, the upper electrode should be the bigger one, as the smaller one, which is directly over the nerve to the vastus medialis obliquus muscle, concentrates the current where it is needed most.
* Place the electrodes over the sponges and fix them in place with the straps. If you are using self-adhesive electrodes, apply the gel to the active surface and stick the electrodes into place. Take care not to let the strap over the lower electrode press against the top of the kneecap.
* Attach the electrode lead to the machine. (When you are more practised, you can set up the electrodes when they are already attached to the machine.)
Start the action: Turn the current up on the machine. Take care to increase the current only while the pulse is active. You will feel a slight tingling from the current at first, and then as you turn it up higher, you will feel and see the muscle contracting. Don't turn the current up too high, it should be just strong enough to create a slight movement in the muscle.
If you feel any discomfort, turn the machine off and check that the sponges are damp enough or there is enough gel on the electrodes. You can also try altering the position of the straps and the electrodes, especially the lower one. Then try again.
Activate!This is the important part. Once the electrical current is creating comfortable contractions in the vastus medialis obliquus muscle, you must activate the muscle with the current. This is what trains the nerve and muscle to work accurately and efficiently.
1. Tighten your thigh muscles slightly in time with the impulse of the current, then relax completely as the current stops. You should see your kneecap drawing upwards on the thigh and then releasing.
2. Tighten your thigh muscles more forcefully, to straighten your knee fully.
3. Place a support under your knee, such as a rolled towel, and straighten your knee over the support, trying to lift your foot off the ground. Do this if it is hard for you to sit with your leg straight out in front of you at first.
4. Place a support under your heel, such as a rolled towel or small block, and straighten your knee as hard as you can into the fully straightened position (hyperextension). Do this only in the last phase of recovery from a problem or injury.
Time, repetitions and frequency:Even if you are intending to exercise both legs simultaneously eventually, it is best to start with one leg at a time, so that you get used to the technique. Once you are confident exercising with the stimulator, you can work both legs at the same time.
* You can start with just five minutes, and build up to an hour or so if you wish. You will need to concentrate on the exercise at first, but as you become familiar with it, you will find you can do other activities such as reading or watching television while you work with the stimulator.
* You can do the slight twitching movement ("Activate" number 1) as the main part of the stimulation session, and do five repetitions of the more forceful extension exercise (number 2) at intervals. Number 4 should only be done about five times, perhaps twice within your whole session, and it should not be done if it causes pain.
* If you need to use the rolled towel under your knee (number 3), do three repetitions at a time, and relax completely in between. Only do about five minutes at a time. Try to progress as quickly as possible to placing the leg flat on the floor, and then gradually increase your session time.
* At first, you can use the stimulator two or three times a week, building up to every day if you wish. For maintenance of the vastus medialis muscle, try to use the stimulator once a week or once a fortnight as a regular routine.
Preventing knee pain: Activating the vastus medialis obliquus muscle can help head off problems if you use the stimulator whenever you have over-stressed the knees, whether by walking over hilly ground, running, skiing or cycling, or simply through sitting still for a long period, especially if your legs have been cramped, as happens in many aircraft. Using the muscle stimulator is especially useful if your knees are aching, you have had a fall, or knocked or twisted the knee. It is also surprisingly helpful if your hips have been aching: in some cases, stimulating the vastus medialis obliquus muscle can reduce or take away minor pains in the hip region. A little lightweight muscle stimulator is therefore a good thing to have at home, and to keep with you as part of your first-aid kit when you go travelling.
Caution: If you use a battery-operated machine, never plug it into the mains with a battery transformer. Only use the machine as instructed by your practitioner. For safety, don't use a muscle stimulator if you have a pacemaker fitted, metal implants or if you are pregnant, unless your specialist advises you that it is safe. Don't use a stimulator over other parts of your body, especially over the throat and neck, and don't experiment with it, on yourself or others. Never use a stimulator while you are driving or using machinery. Don't use the stimulator if it causes you pain. If in doubt, always seek advice from your practitioner..
Care of the stimulator: Keep the machine in a box or case, out of reach of children. Always detach the electrodes after use, to avoid damaging the leads. Remove the battery if you are not going to use the machine for a considerable while.
 © Vivian Grisogono 2007


How to Trick Your Taste Buds to Lose Weight
Trick Your Taste Buds
How to make low-calorie, low-fat food taste like high-fat food
By Elaine Magee, MPH, RD
WebMD Weight Loss Clinic - Expert Column
Reviewed By Kathleen Zelman, MPH, RD/LD
With the holidays as our inspiration, let's see if we can't play a few tricks on our taste buds. As we use the WebMD Weight Loss Clinic tools to emphasize healthier, lower-fat, and lower-calorie foods, our taste buds might be telling us (OK, screaming at us) that something is missing. The more we know about how the taste buds actually work, the more we can trick them into being satisfied with and even happy about our new, healthier, lighter way of living.
The Nose Knows
Before we get to the taste buds, though, let's start with the organ directly above them, the nose. That's right, folks, while the tongue's taste buds are responsible for detecting basic tastes (salty, bitter, sour, sweet, and savory), it's the nose that detects the specific flavors of foods through olfaction, or smell. Ever wonder why food just doesn't taste as good, no matter how great it looks, when you have a stuffy nose?
Of course, we smell our food as we prepare our bite and put it into our mouth. But did you know you were inhaling the aroma at the same time you were chewing your food? When you chew, volatiles (odorous, gas-like substances) are released from the food and pumped up to the olfactory receptors located behind the bridge of the nose. Pretty efficient!
Fat Tastes Good, Right?
Think again: fat molecules are actually too big to be processed by the taste buds. Then how come high-fat foods taste so good, you ask. What you may be tasting are impurities and volatiles that are mixed in high-flavor oils such as olive and sesame, meats such as bacon, or my personal favorite, butter. Have you ever noticed how much flavor butter has when you brown it in a pan? The fat hasn't changed; the impurities in butter just come through better. Fat is also a solvent for smells that eventually make their way to our nasal receptors. In many cases, the greater the amount of fat, the greater the "aroma" for these particular flavors.
Now let's talk about the king of fat: fried foods. Experts suspect that the high-temperature-frying process may release the volatiles in food, therefore triggering the "fat aroma." Deep-frying at high temperatures also contributes two other desirable characteristics:
 - Crispy texture on the outside while moist and tender on the inside
 - Unique flavors from the caramelization of sugars and starches and the browning of the food
Keep in mind too that a food's flavor and our enjoyment of it actually rely on many of our senses: smell, touch, sight, and of course, taste.
10 Ways to Trick and Treat Taste Buds
Considering how the taste buds work and how the fat in food imparts a wide range of characteristics to food, from the crunchiness in crackers and chips to the moistness in cookies and cakes, here are 10 ways to trick your taste buds into loving lighter fare:
1. Flavor your low-fat recipes with the best-tasting, freshest ingredients you can find. Fresh garlic tastes better than garlic powder; fresh basil and parsley have more flavor than dried. Lemon, lime, or orange zest (finely chopped) will add flavor to a dish that only calls for lemon, lime, or orange juice.
2. Toasting, roasting, or browning certain recipe ingredients -- such as nuts and garlic -- can bring out the natural flavors.
3. Try some grocery store products that trick you by cutting the fat and calories in the products, but not cutting it so much that it tastes too different. Some great tasting examples are Naturally Yours Fat Free Sour Cream, Cracker Barrel Light Sharp Cheddar, Reduced Fat Triscuit crackers, and light mayonnaise.
4. Use half real eggs and half egg substitute in a mostly egg dish, such as a quiche, omelets, frittatas, etc. You'll trick your taste buds into thinking it's all real eggs when you have really cut the fat and cholesterol in half!
5. Americans need to get off the deep-fried train. Everything, it seems, is breaded and fried these days. Instead, trick your taste buds into thinking that the food you are eating is deep-fried when it is really browned by panfrying or oven-frying in a little bit of oil.
6. Speaking of oil, let canola cooking spray save the day! We know about coating the pan you are pan frying or baking in with canola cooking spray. But did you know you can also use cooking spray to coat the outside of the food you are oven-frying or panfrying? It literally coats the food with a thin layer of small droplets of canola oil -- just enough to seal the outside crust or breading and encourage some browning as it cooks.
7. When it is necessary to maintain the character of a particular food, you can still use a cooking method that involves fat, but use a lot less of it.
8. Fat tenderizes and moistens food like the oil added in muffin or cake recipes. In most cases, you can replace at least half of the fat in a bakery-type recipe with something else that adds moisture. Ingredients such as flavored yogurts, fat-free or light cream cheese, light or fat-free sour cream, applesauce, liqueurs, etc. all help serve this purpose in baked recipes.
9. If you really don't care for some of the reduced-fat products out there, in some recipes you can always lighten your recipe up by simply using less of the real thing. In other words, if you prefer regular-fat cheese, use half the amount called for in the recipe. If you prefer regular-fat sausage or ground beef, cut the fat in half by using half as much in your recipe.
10. One yolk often does the trick. The emulsifier found naturally in egg yolks (lecithin) helps bind the fatty ingredients with the non-fatty ingredients in bakery recipes such as in cookies, muffins, and cakes. Often, two or three eggs are called for when really one egg yolk will do. Often, you can add one egg to a recipe and replace the other eggs with 1/4-cup of egg substitute (such as EggBeaters) or two egg whites.
Originally published Oct. 15, 2003
Medically updated Oct. 14, 2005.
SOURCE: Taste vs. Fat, Elaine Magee, RN, MPH, John Wiley & Sons Publishing, 1997.
©2005 WebMD Inc. All rights reserved.
 1. MedicineNet


Macaulay2Doc :: dictionary
dictionary -- determine the dictionary to which a symbol belongs
If x is the value of a symbol recorded in the internal table used to recover global symbol from the values assigned to them, then that symbol is used.
Ways to use dictionary :
For the programmer
The object dictionary is a method function.


text:
MEMO platform consists of modular parts including microfluidic device, microelectrode array, gas supply chamber and neuronal cells. Uniquely, MEMO enables seizure-like activity detection and drug response analyses in functional level. Moreover, MEMO is suitable for biochemical analyses e.g., RNA collection.
The three-compartment microfluidic device enables the formation of functional circuitry of neuronal networks for mimicking brain functions
Customized microelectrode array (MEA) enables the electrical measurement of neuronal activity for detecting epileptic seizures
Medium reservoirs enable to store the mediums for maintaining the cell cultures
Gas supply chamber (+ plastic lid and silicon-based PDMS gasket) enables the microenvironment control for a long period
Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived neurons enable to model better human responses
Seizures can be induced with chemical stimulation e.g., kainic acid (KA) or appear endogenously in patient-derived cells
Gas supply chamber
MEMO platform consists of microfluidic device, in which three separate compartments are connected with each other by microtunnels. The microfluidic device enables the formation of neuronal network circuitry on a chip, mimicking brain functions.
Neuronal network circuitry on a chip
created with biorender.com
Microfluidic device consists of three cell culture compartments to culture three different neuronal network populations separately. Compartments are connected with microtunnels that allows neuronal soma isolation in distinct compartment and axonal growth from one compartment to another compartment. This enables the formation of neuronal network circuitry on a chip.
Separate medium reservoir part enables to store medium for maintaining the cell cultures. In addition, compartmentalization enables to manipulate one neuronal population at time.
Seizure-like activity can be induced with chemical stimulation, e.g., kainic acid, or it appears endogenously with patient-derived cells.
Use of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC)-derived neurons enables to model better human responses. Moreover, MEMO platform is compatible with e.g., rodent neuronal cells.
MEMO platform consists of custom made microelectrode array (MEA), on which the microfluidic device is attached. MEA enables the follow-up recordings of neuronal cultures, detection of seizure-like activity and drug response analysis.
MEA contains up to 120 electrodes that are placed under every neuronal network compartment.
MEA enables the follow-up recordings, seizure-like activity detections and drug response analyses in neuronal network and neuronal circuitry levels.
Separate gas supply chamber enables to control the microenvironment, allowing longer measurements and follow-up recordings.
MEMO platform is compatible with Multi Channel System MEA headstage.
Microelectrode array recordings create large amount of electrophysiological data, which are analyzed by own smart algorithms.
MEA measurements give valuable information of
Neuronal network maturation
Seizure-like activity, spreading and suppression
Our smart algorithms can analyze >25 parameters, e.g.,
Single spikes, spike trends
Burst, synchronous burst


text:
Elements Of Accessibility
The access to and exit from buildings for disabled people is to be found in several
documents, but the main specific approved document is Part M, building regulations
1991, Access and facilities for disabled people
The requirements of part M aim to ensure that;
(a) Buildings other than dwellings are accessible and usable by people with disabilities,
(b) Dwellings are visitable by people with disabilities
The combination of sill and threshold profile should allow access for ambulant disabled
people and wheelchair users while minimising the risk of surface water entering
The Top of the sill should be angled to discourage water ingress.
The slope should be no greater than 15 degrees to the horizontal lower to minimise
the barrier for wheelchair users.
Vertical changes in level of more than 5mm should always be chamfered.
Access and Use
Adequate provision shall be made to enable people with disabilities to safely and
independently access and use the building
In order to satisfy the requirements of Part M, buildings should be designed and
constructed so that people with disabilities can safely and independently approach
and gain access to the building and elements of the building do not constitute an
undue hazard for people with disabilities, including those with an impairment of
Access and Facilities for Disabled People - this requirement was made to ensure
that new buildings are constructed to give the same rights as able bodied people
to those unfortunate enough to have impaired mobility, hearing or sight. Provision
needs to be made; to allow easy access into and about a building (M2).


text:
In the middle of industrial Grangemouth, Jupiter is a fantastic example of how wasteland can be transformed into an urban green space that provides a rich habitat and haven for wildlife. The centre is open all year and there are lots of ideas for improving gardens for wildlife.
Address: Jupiter Urban Wildlife Centre, Grangemouth FK3 8LH
Changes to visiting
We have put a few temporary changes in place to keep our staff and visitors safe:
- Visits will be limited to walks and self-led activities, including pond dipping, for the time being. We are exploring how we can restart our ranger-led events as soon as it is safe to do so.
- To allow our visitors and staff to physically distance while visiting, we may temporarily pause entry to the reserve if our visitor numbers have reached capacity. If this is the case, we will place signage at the entrance gate.
- To allow for physical distancing on our pond boardwalk we will be limiting the number of groups/families which can pond dip at one time.
- Entry to the building will be limited to essential access to our public bathroom. If possible, please "Go before you go"!
We have achieved Good to Go certification and have also implemented some new features, including:
- Increased hygiene measures, including hand sanitiser dispensers and an outdoor sink for hand washing
- Increased cleaning
- Regular wiping down of common touch surfaces
- Increased signage
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- Visit an urban wildlife oasis
- Introduce children to wildlife
- A wasteland returned to nature
- Plenty of variety in a small area
- Pond dipping
Best time to visit?
- Mar to May for woodland birds
- May to Aug for wildflowers
- Aug for dragonflies & damselflies
- Sept to Oct for fungi
Our events are currently on hold due to Covid-19. Please check back soon for more information.


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Hello I want to Compare two webpages using python script. how can i achieve it? thanks in advance!
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what do you want to compare? Do you just want to know whether they are exactly the same? Or whether they look the same? – Sören Mar 8 '11 at 16:50
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up vote 3 down vote accepted
First, you want to retrieve both webpages. You can use wget, urlretrieve, etc.:
wget Vs urlretrieve of python
Second, you want to "compare" the pages. You can use a "diff" tool as Chinmay noted. You can also do a keyword analysis of the two pages:
 1. Parse all keywords from page. e.g. How do I extract keywords used in text?
 2. Optionally take the "stem" of the words with something like:
 3. Use some math to compare the two pages' keywords, e.g. term frequency–inverse document frequency: _URL_ with some of the python tools out there like these: _URL_
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Thanks for the detailed comment!! this helped a lot!! – Arackna Mar 8 '11 at 17:14
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What do you mean by compare? If you just want to find the differences between two files, try difflib, which is part of the standard Python library.
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text:
The Achaemenid rulers of ancient Persia favored images of lions with their mouths open in a snarl or roar. On these gold jewelry elements they are shown complete or as heads only, in both fairly realistic and highly decorative forms. The gold head of a bull, another dangerous animal, seems almost placid in comparison. The pin decorated with an ibex, or wild mountain goat (no. 6) was used to fasten garments.
- Medium: Gold
- Possible Place Made: Ecbatana (modern day Hamadan), Persia (modern day Iran)
- Dates: 6th - 5th century B.C.E.
- Period: Achaemenid Persian
- Dimensions: 13/16 x 1 5/16 in. (2.1 x 3.4 cm) (show scale)
- Collections:Egyptian, Classical, Ancient Near Eastern Art
- Museum Location: This item is on view in Egypt Reborn: Art for Eternity, Ancient Middle Eastern Art, The Hagop Kevorkian Gallery, 3rd Floor
- Accession Number: 70.142.8
- Credit Line: Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Alastair Bradley Martin
- Rights Statement: Creative Commons-BY
- Caption: Bracteate, 6th - 5th century B.C.E. Gold, 13/16 x 1 5/16 in. (2.1 x 3.4 cm). Brooklyn Museum, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Alastair Bradley Martin, 70.142.8. Creative Commons-BY
- Record Completeness: Good (79%)


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John Bowler, Seth Hunter, Roy Shilkrot
This is a set of methods for segmenting a RGB+depth image, such as from a Kinect: that is, separating the foreground (people standing in front of Kinect) from the background (the objects and walls of the room behind them). The simplest way to achieve this is by thresholding the depth image. The Kinect depth sensor is fairly noisy, however, so these methods use image processing techniques on the RGB image to refine the segmentation and get more precise and accurate contours.
This release includes source files and an example (an Xcode project - only tried on OSX).
The extension itself depends on:
Additional dependencies for the example project (including sub-dependencies):
*If you get a compiler error in two files in the ofxControlPanel source about a "bLoaded" variable not being public, find/replace it in the.cpp files with "isLoaded()".
Declare an ofxKinectSegmentation object in your header and init() it. There are three methods for processing images, each taking as input an RGB image, a depth image, and a pointer to the result in whatever form you desire:
void getGrayscaleMask(ofxCvColorImage rgbImage, ofxCvGrayscaleImage depthImage, ofxCvGrayscaleImage *output);
 Loads *output with a grayscale image that, if applied to an image as an alpha channel, would segment the image.
void getBitMask(ofxCvColorImage rgbImage, ofxCvGrayscaleImage depthImage, ofxCvGrayscaleImage *output);
 Like getGrayscaleMask() but binary, without the extra blur around the edges.
void getRGB(ofxCvColorImage rgbImage, ofxCvGrayscaleImage depthImage, ofxCvColorImage *output);
 Loads *output with a color image where the "background" of the original image is black.
void getRGBA(ofxCvColorImage rgbImage, ofxCvGrayscaleImage depthImage, ofImage *output);
 Loads *output with a 4-channel ofImage where the alpha channel masks out the background.
[Parameters in brackets] are sliders that can be played with in the example project and are also public variables of the ofxKinectSegmentation object that can be adjusted to taste.
Step 1) Acquire contours from the depth image (using ofxCvContourFinder), with choices of [min contour area], [max contour area], and [max num contours] that prevent holes or other artifacts of IR sensor noise from being detected as meaningful objects.
First pass: RGB edge detection
Step 2) Partition the image into a "known foreground" (set of FG pixels far enough away from the foreground), a "known background", and a stripe-like "unknown area" between them. The width of the unknown area is [1st-pass search breadth].
Step 3) Construct square "boxes" around every contour point, with size [1st-pass ROI box size] and spaced at around [ROI box sparsity] pixels apart, to be iterated through and used as ROI's.
Step 4) Run the RGB through an edge-detection algorithm, generating an edge image (where the value of each pixel is how fast it is changing color in the RGB image). Mask out everything except the edges in the unknown area stripe.
Step 5) Construct a new contour, iterating through boxes and getting one new contour point from each box by finding the centroid of the edge image in each box ROI. This is analogous to a single iteration of meanshift. Theoretically, this creates a new contour that hugs the edge detected on the RGB image tighter.
Second pass: Color matching
Step 6) Repeat steps 2 and 3 with the new contour, using the [2nd-pass search breadth] and [2nd-pass ROI box size] parameters.
Step 7) In each box ROI, consider the colors of the known FG and known BG pixels in that region and make a determination on each unknown pixel based on its color and the statistical likelihood of it being either FG or BG.
Step 8) Erode and blur the final mask according to [final alpha erosion] and [final alpha blur].
Note on step 7 - This determination is implemented in the simplest possible way: considering a single color channel, finding the average values in the known FG and BG regions within this ROI, and thresholding the unknown area at (FG_avg + BG_avg)/2. A more sophisticated and probably better-looking method would consider the whole 3D space, model the pixel colors in the FG and BG as Gaussian distributions based on their means and covariance matrices, and check each unknown pixel independently for its statistical distance from each distribution. (Edge detection, similarly, considers only a single color channel.)
June 29, 2012
An openFrameworks extension for image segmentation using the RGB+depth ability of a Kinect
No releases published
No packages published


text:
Aug. 5, 2009 Divers who held their breath for several minutes had elevated levels of a protein that can signal brain damage, according to a new study from the Journal of Applied Physiology. However, the appearance of the protein, S100B, was transient and leaves open the question of whether lengthy apnea (breath-holding) can damage the brain over the long term.
"The results indicate that prolonged, voluntary apnea affects the integrity of the central nervous system, and may have cumulative effects," the Swedish researchers said. The release of S100B into the blood suggests that holding one's breath for a long time disrupts the blood-brain barrier, they said.
The concern is that repetitive exposures to severe hypoxia (lowered oxygen supply), such as that experienced by individuals training and competing in static apnea diving events, could cause neurological damage over time. The researchers recommended further research on free divers that would begin early in their careers and follow them for years to monitor their neurological function.
The study is "Increased serum levels of the brain damage marker S100B after apnea in trained breath-hold divers: a study including respiratory and cardiovascular observations." The researchers are Johan P.A. Andersson, Mats H. Linér and Henrik Jönsson, of Lund University in Sweden. The American Physiological Society published the study.
Free diving is a tradition
There is a tradition of breath-hold diving in Japan and some other parts of the world that goes back hundreds of years, although the occupation has been dying out. These divers harvest seaweed, shellfish and other growth from the sea bottom, diving dozens of times per day. Some divers routinely dive to depths of 90 feet on a single breath while others dive in the 15-30 foot range.
More recently, breath-hold diving has become a competitive sport. Competitive events include how long divers can remain underwater, how far they can swim underwater and how deep they can dive. Participants must undergo intense training to increase their lung capacity while learning crucial safety measures.
Breath-hold diving often leads to hypoxia, elevated blood pressure, slowed heartbeat and other physiological changes. However, whether the sport causes any long-term damage to the brain has remained a point of contention. Studies have produced conflicting results.
The authors of this study see cause for concern, noting that in six international competitions between 1998 and 2004, 10% of the contestants in the static apnea events were disqualified after they lost either motor control or consciousness. In this event, participants float face down on the water for as long as possible without coming up for air. The world record for the event is 11 minutes 35 seconds. Divers at international competitions routinely hold their breath 4-7 minutes.
"Whether such hypoxic episodes are associated with a risk for brain damage in these athletes remains to be established," the researchers said. "Studying the changes in established biochemical markers of brain damage after such performances offers the possibility to address this question."
Breath hold experiment
Nine competitive breath-hold divers (eight men and one woman) took part in this study, along with six individuals who had limited experience with breath-hold diving. The nine competitive divers formed the experimental group, while the non-divers acted as the controls
The researchers told the participants to lie on their backs on a cot and hold their breath for as long as possible. The conditions were dry, but mimicked a static apnea dive in which the divers float face down holding their breath. The divers used whatever preparatory techniques they customarily use in competition, such as hyperventilating, insufflation (filling the lungs with as much air as possible) and breath-holding warm-ups.
The researchers took arterial blood samples from a catheter inserted into the artery that runs through the wrist. They took samples before the breath hold, at the end of the breath hold and at fixed intervals for the two hours following the end of the breath hold. The researchers also measured arterial blood gases. They did the same measurements on the individuals in the control group, but the controls rested on their backs for the entire experiment, without performing the breath hold or the warm-ups.
Among the findings of this experiment:
- The average breath-hold time was 5 minutes 35 seconds. The longest was 6 minutes 43 seconds and the shortest was 4 minutes 41 seconds.
- The marker for brain damage, S100B, rose in seven of the nine divers.
- The controls showed no change in S100B
- On average, S100B rose 37% within 10 minutes after the apnea ended.
- S100B levels returned to normal within two hours for all the participants.
- The divers showed signs of asphyxia, that is, blood oxygen levels fell, while carbon dioxide levels rose.
The S100B levels, while elevated, were well below levels associated with brain injury. In brain-injured patients, the presence of S100B in the blood can increase by several hundred percent.
In addition, the elevation of S100B was more transient in the divers, compared to people who suffered brain injury. The divers had a quick return to normal, while S100B levels peak in 24 hours in brain-injured patients.
The transient nature of the increase in S100B among the divers probably indicates the blood-brain barrier has been compromised, allowing the protein to escape from the fluid in the brain into the circulation. The blood-brain barrier controls what passes between the brain and the circulation. S100B would normally remain in the brain.
Other sports have also been associated with a similar transient increase in S100B, the researchers noted, including boxing, headings in soccer, running and long-distance swimming. One study also reported that individuals suffering sleep apnea had elevated levels of S100B in the morning, although another study indicated there had been no change in S100B overnight.
Other social bookmarking and sharing tools:
- Johan P. A. Andersson, Mats H. Liner, and Henrik Jonsson. Increased serum levels of the brain damage marker S100B after apnea in trained breath-hold divers: a study including respiratory and cardiovascular observations. J Appl Physiol, Jul 2009 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.91434.2008
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.


5 Reasons Telemedicine is the Future of Healthcare
Telemedicine is Convenient for Patients
Originally developed to treat patients in remote locations, telemedicine is growing exponentially as it provides more efficient medical care. How much is this field of healthcare growing? PwC reports that analysts expect the global market for telemedicine to exceed $30 billion by 2020.
With more than half of consumers open to virtual healthcare visits, there are many advantages of telemedicine. Here are five of the most significant reasons why telemedicine is the future of healthcare.
1. Convenience for Patients
A visit to the doctor often means taking at least half a day off work and pulling children out of school. However, visiting a website and communicating with a physician through video offers an enormous increase in convenience.
Telemedicine obviously reduces travel time to and wait time in the doctor's office. This convenience could also allow more people to keep up regular doctor appointments. Everything from virtual visits with general physicians to consultations with specialists stationed around the globe can be conveniently provided for patients.
2. Less Exposure to Contagious Patients
Sitting in a crowded doctor's office puts patients at a higher risk of contracting a variety of illnesses. According to Health IT Outcomes, telemedicine can help contain epidemics such as influenza by treating patients through virtual visits. Both patients and healthcare providers benefit.
Reducing the spread of contagious illnesses has the opportunity of substantial economic impact on a community during an outbreak. Forms of telemedicine prove especially attractive to schools and businesses. Virtual medicine could allow an employee to visit a doctor while still sick at home. This keeps the employee out of a waiting room and public, further spreading an illness to others.
3. Improved Medical Efficiency
Telemedicine facilitates collaboration among medical providers, which ultimately increases efficiency. The American Hospital Association states that as this new system of healthcare evolves, telehealth will improve healthcare's overall efficiency as an industry.
If a patient has been advised by his or her primary doctor to see a specialist regarding a particular health issue, the visit to the specialist can be conducted via telemedicine. After viewing the patient's medical records and discussing the issue online, the specialist may decide that further care is unnecessary, thus saving an incredible amount of time and money that would have been involved in an actual office visit.
On the other hand, the specialist may immediately admit the patient into the hospital, preventing the patient from worsening in the time it would have taken to schedule an actual visit.
Telemedicine Has Many Advantages for Both Patients and Health Practitioners
4. Better Patient Care
Being able to examine and communicate with patients online enables medical providers to work together, providing higher levels of patient care. Hospitals & Health Networks points out that handoffs during transitional care can run much more smoothly with the use of virtual medicine.
For example, video conferencing between a patient, the general practitioner and a specialist can take place with all three individuals communicating at once. This smooth transition of continuous care makes it more likely that the patient will follow through and see the specialist, and ultimately provides higher quality patient care.
Research also shows that levels of patients are more relaxed, open, and honest when teleconsulting from home. Dr. Ray Dorsey, director of the movement disorders division and neurology telemedicine at Johns Hopkins Medicine, discussed the advancements in of telemedicine with NPR. In the familiar surroundings of their own home, one Dorsey's patient wrote:
5. Increased Revenue
The cost-effectiveness of being able to see and communicate with patients digitally is substantial. The University of Arizona reports that hospital readmissions and unnecessary emergency room visits are two of the primary reasons health care costs are so high. Telemedicine can reduce ER trips and readmissions by making healthcare more accessible.
Virtual appointments can also reduce the number of cancellations and no-shows at the office, which cost practices a significant amount of money each year. It can also attract new patients while increasing the ease of patient flow throughout the day, both of which will increase revenue.
Plus, with relatively low upfront and overhead costs healthcare organizations quickly see a return on their telemedicine investment.
Telemedicine provides not only improved convenience and quality of care for patients but increases revenue and supports health professionals. As technology continues to advance and insurance companies get on board with coverage, telemedicine will almost certainly continue to expand.
Learn How Kindred Delivers Only Up To Date Healthcare Materials
Kindred Healthcare uses Mimeo to train and support more than half of their 75,000 employees. Find out how they keep their employees happy with relevant and helpful training content.


text:
Significance and Use
Rolling friction like sliding friction depends upon many factors. It is a system effect that involves the nature of the rolling surface and the counterface. The sliding friction force (F) is usually considered to be the sum of forces arising from deformations of surface features (Fs), from attractive forces (atomic, molecular, etc.) at contact points (Fa) and force from interaction of films and particulates on the rubbing surfaces (Ff):
The rolling friction force includes these force contributions plus effects from the relative stiffness of the contacting surfaces, the diameter (curvature) of the spherical shape (ball, orange, etc.) and other factors. Because there are so many factors involved in a rolling tribosystem, rolling resistance can best be quantified by an actual test of the sphere of interest on the intended counterface, as in this test method.
There are countless applications where it is important to quantify the rolling characteristics of a particular spherical shape on a particular surface. The interlaboratory tests conducted for this test method were performed on hardened steel balls like those used in ball bearings. This test method could be used to assess the effect of different counterface surfaces on the rolling characteristics of balls for ball bearings. Conversely, it could be used as a quality control test on balls. Surface imperfections/defects/films, etc. on the balls can affect how they roll: the distance traveled on a common counterface.
5.3 Industrial applications of this test method can include assessing conveying surfaces for spherical or nearly special parts: check valve balls, cabinet knobs, Christmas ornaments, toilet floats, etc. Many medical devices use special shapes where rolling characteristics are a consideration. Similarly, many pharmaceutical products (pills) are spherical or nearly spherical in shape, and this test method can be used to assess rolling characteristics for conveying or other reasons such as size (mass) check.
5.4 Rolling friction of spherical shapes can be a consideration in countless sports (soccer, golf, lacrosse, etc.) and game applications (billiards, bocce, toys, etc.). This test method can be used to rank the rolling resistance of different ball compositions, masses, shapes, surface textures, design, stiffness, etc. Similarly, the test method can be used to assess the ease of rolling of balls on different playing or game surfaces.
5.5 This test method is very applicable to spherical or mostly spherical food products. For example, it is common to use rolling distance of apples, citrus, nuts, etc. to classify them by size for marketing. They are rolled down an angled surface and the rolling distance becomes a function of size (mass/diameter). This test method can be used to assess the suitability of various rolling surfaces (carpet, metal, wood, etc.) for suitability in classification equipment. It could also be used for food conveyance on spherical-shaped processed foods (gumballs, hard candy, meatballs, etc.)
5.6 Finally, this test method can be a valuable teaching tool for physics and tribology students. The equipment is simple, low cost and student proof. It can be used to demonstrate the concept of rolling friction and the factors that affect it.
1.1 This test method covers the use of an angled launch ramp to initiate rolling of a sphere or nearly spherical shape on a flat horizontal surface to determine the rolling friction characteristics of a given spherical shape on a given surface.
1.1.1 Steel balls on a surface plate were used in interlaboratory tests (see Appendix X1). Golf balls on a green, soccer and lacrosse balls on playing surfaces, bowling balls on an a lane, basketballs on hardwood, and marbles on composite surface were tested in the development of this test method, but the test applies to any sphere rolling on any flat horizontal surface.
1.1.2 The rolling friction of spheres on horizontal surfaces is affected by the spherical shape's stiffness, radius of curvature, surface texture, films on the surface, the nature of the counterface surface; there are many factors to consider. This test method takes all of these factors into consideration. The spherical shape of interest is rolled on the surface of interest using a standard ramp to initiate rolling and standard techniques to measure and treat the rolled distance after leaving the ramp.
1.1.3 This test method produces a rolling resistance number on a specific spherical shape on a specific surface. It is intended for comparing similar tribosystems. For example, the rolling resistances of marbles on a particular surface are not to be compared with the rolling resistance of soccer balls on grass, because their masses and diameters are very different as are the counterface surfaces on which they roll.
1.1.4 Different launch ramps for are appropriate for different types of spherical shapes. If a sphere of interest cannot be accommodated with using one of the launch ramps discussed in Appendix X1 and Appendix X2, a different launch ramp can be developed and added with future revisions to this test method.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.
G40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion
G115 Guide for Measuring and Reporting Friction Coefficients
G143 Test Method for Measurement of Web/Roller Friction Characteristics
balls; coefficient of rolling friction; plane; rolling friction; spheres;
ICS Number Code 17.040.20 (Properties of surfaces)
ASTM International is a member of CrossRef.
Citing ASTM Standards
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World Social Forum condemns US militarization of Latin America
Meeting in Porto Alegre, Brazil, Jan. 24-29 for the 10th annual World Social Forum, 24 Latin American social organizations issued a statement denouncing what they called a "new, aggressive escalation of imperialism." The groups charged that there is an "expansion of the US military presence in the region" that "seeks, in addition to intimidating the political transformation processes in the region, to position [US] military force in strategic areas of great natural wealth."
The statement cited the creation of seven new military bases with US participation in Colombia; Panama's agreement to set up 11 bases, also with US involvement; and the "military invasion in the name of humanitarian aid after the catastrophe that occurred in Haiti," a reference to the deployment of thousands of US troops to Port-au-Prince in response to a magnitude 7.0 earthquake there on Jan. 12. Further evidence of US militarization of the region includes, according to the statement, the reactivation of the US Navy's Fourth Fleet in the South Atlantic and Caribbean, and "coup initiatives, such as occurred in Honduras with the logistical support of the US military base in Palmerola."
The groups signing the statement included Vía Campesina (Campesino Way), World March of Women, Jubilee South, Brazil's Landless Workers Movement (MST), the Honduran National Front of Resistance Against the Coup d'Etat and a number of national and regional labor and grassroots organizations. (Adital 2/4/10; EFE 1/29/10)
Argentines march for Haiti solidarity
"Humanitarian aid, yes! Military occupation, no!" was one of the slogans when leftist parties and groups marched in Buenos Aires, Argentina, on Feb. 5 from the Plaza Italia to the US embassy to protest the presence of foreign troops in Haiti—both US troops and the 9,000-member Brazilian-led United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH). Argentina supplies hundreds of the MINUSTAH soldiers. (Adital, Feb. 4; Terra, Feb. 5 from Noticias Argentinas)
See our last post on the World Social Forum
From Weekly News Update on the Americas, Feb. 7


text:
Medical Imaging Transmission
Medical images, such as those generated by Teleradiology equipment,
have large file sizes due to high resolution. Rapid transmission
between hospitals and medical centers requires high availability,
high bandwidth telecommunication services. For smaller offices
or infrequent use, a T1 data line might easily suffice. For medium
and larger facilities, DS3 or Ethernet fiber optic carriers are
What does Convergence mean?
Convergence is the merging of voice, data and often video onto
a single network. Most often that network is a company LAN with
enough bandwidth to accommodate all users and QoS or Quality of
Service control to ensure high quality voice and video transmissions.
What does flooding mean?
Flooding is a Ethernet process whereby switches that do not know
the destination for data packets they receive send that data to
all ports and wait for a reply to discover the actual address.
What is QoS and how do you
QoS means Quality of Service. Most often you hear about QoS when
referring to converged networks that transport both packet voice
and data. QoS mechanisms may include prioritizing voice packets
over data because voice is much more affected by latency and jitter.
Will Carriers "Light Buildings"?
Some will if their closest point of presence (POP) is within a
mile or so of your location. The farther away you are, the higher
the bandwidth commitment needs to be in order to justify the carrier's


text:
Language level:CEFR B1
Create the best learning environment for your classroom. Take this module and enjoy a renewed motivational atmosphere for you and your learners.
Understanding motivation in the classroom
Unit 1 – Motivational teachers
Unit 2 – Creating a motivational atmosphere
Unit 3 – Feedback in motivation


text:
A 20 kg satellite has a circular orbit with a period of2.4 h
and a radius of 8.0 × 106m
around a planet of unknown mass. If the magnitude of
thegravitational acceleration on the surface of the planet is
is the radius of the planet?
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