The differentiation status of Sternberg-Reed (SR) cells is still not well defined, primarily because of their scarcity in tumor biopsies of Hodgkin's disease (HD). In this study we have determined the genomic differentiation status of SR cells by quantitation of recombinase activating gene (RAG) expression. RAG genes are selectively transcribed in immature lymphoid cells. In B cells they are silent after genomic rearrangement has occurred, whereas in T cells they are downregulated during positive selection of double-positive thymocytes into singlepositive cells. RNA from tumor biopsies either with numerous (11 cases) or a with few SR cells (16 cases) was assessed by a sensitive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the results compared with established positive and negative controls. In all except two cases levels of RAG expression were within the range of those determined in negative controls. In both positive cases and in the positive control RAG mRNA was further quantitated by competitive PCR. In cases with abundant SR cells RAG expression was still below that observed in 10(-2) dilutions of positive controls. These results suggest that SR cells are derived from lymphoid cells, more differentiated than the pre-B or common thymocyte stage, which have already undergone genomic rearrangement. They show the value of assessing RAG expression by RT-PCR in the characterization of lymphoid malignancies.
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x509 certificates for researches and employees at UiO
Researchers and others employed at the University of Oslo in some cases participate in international projects using x509 certificates for authenticating users and giving access to web-sites or services in connection to the projects. This page gives a short explanation of what x509 certificates are and how you can obtain one if needed.
What is an x509 certificate
A certificate is a document that certifies you as a entity within an institution. The certification occurs via a chain of trust mechanism, i.e if the authority that issues the certificate is trustworthy then your certificate is valid). Certificate can be used for signing documents, encrypting and getting authorization (i.e. to browse or use web content and services). UiO's certificates are signed by TERENA authority and follow the x509 standard.
Policy and terms of use
The certificates are considered passwords and must be treated in an accordingly secure way. They must never be shared with others or be stored in such a way that they are made accessible for others.
By using this service you accept to comply with all terms of use of the specific grid/eScience service, including the terms of use for the UiO IT-resources, and in particular the UIO IT-regulations and rules specified in the UiO IT-security handbook.
If your certificate and the associated password in one way or another are made known to any other party, you are obligated to inform UiO IT promptly (_EMAIL_).
If it is made known to us that your use of this service or UiO IT resources are not in compliance with the terms of use or Norwegian law, we will revoke the rights given to you with immediate effect.
Every person with a legally binding relationship with the University of Oslo may obtain a certificate. Certificates are issued for one year, unless the duration of the binding relationship with the UiO is shorter. In the latter case the certificate validity will be adjusted accordingly. After one year the certificate can be renewed provided that you are still qualifying.
Getting an x509 certificate
University of Oslo (UiO) can grant certificates of two types: IGTF compliant grid/eScience and regular. The difference between the two is that grid/eScience can be used for authenticating with scientific computing services. You should ask for grid/eScience (GÉANT IGFT-MICS Personal ) one if you are involved in scientific computing, if not the regular personal certificate will fullfill your needs.
Earlier orders were done through DigiCert (ending April 2020). Now orders are placed via Sectigo.
In order to be able to apply for a certificate through Sectigo you must belong to a specific unix group (usit-fi-x509-personal-user or usit-fi-x509-user). You can check what groups you are member of from the "Brukerinfo" page: _URL_
If you are not member for the usit-fi-x509-personal-user or usit-fi-x509-user group, please send a request to _EMAIL_ or contact Maiken Pedersen (email/mattermost) directly.
Steps to request a certificate from Sectigo web page
 1. At the Sectigo entry page, please select the "Feide" Institution, and not the "FEIDE" one.
Log-in page Sectigo
2. Fill in the Digital Certificate Enrollment according to needs
Image may contain: Text, Product, Font, Line, Screenshot.
You can chose a regular SSL certificate (GÉANT Personal Certificate) a grid/eScience certificate (GÉANT IGTF-MICS Personal) or a Robot Certificate. Set a password if RSA or ECC private key is generated, or upload your CSR. (How to create a CSR - google openssl CSR).
The certificate will be ready at once and be downloaded to your computer (in your Downloads folder). To import it into your browser - follow your browsers procedure to import a certificate.
Converting the certificate to PEM cert/key pair
Sometimes you might need to possess your certificate in the form of PEM files, when one is the public key, and the other is the private key (typically named usercert.pem and userkey.pem). For example, it is needed for the users who use grid/eScience resources directly and need to generate a proxy-certificate for it. The certificate which is installed in your browser by the portal has other format (PKCS12), and comes as a single bundle, with no separation of the public and private parts. To convert it, use the procedure described below with Linux/Mac OS.
1. Export the installed bundle from your browser (or keychain in case of MacOS). The portal should have given your manuals for how to do it upon the certificate generation. Search Internet if you are in doubt, or contact _EMAIL_, if you can't solve it yourself. The export should get you a bundle saved as a local file in pkcs12 format.
Remember that if the export password is left blank, any person who gets a hand on your bundle could use your certificate! Delete the bundle when the conversion is done.
1. Move the pkcs12 certificate from your Downloads folder to a place of your preference.
2. You already have a password for the certificate as the Sectigo page requires this. In command-line interface, go to the directory where your pkcs12-bundle is stored, and run:
openssl pkcs12 -nocerts -in -out userkey.pem
where is the name of your bundle (e.g. certs.p12). It'd ask you first for the import password, and then would ask for the PEM password to your userkey, which you should have decided on already. This would get you a private userkey in userkey.pem file. The PEM password entered is the password for the userkey you should use from now on when manipulating with the key.
3. Now get the public key from the bundle. Run:
openssl pkcs12 -nokeys -clcerts -in -out usercert.pem
where again is the name of your bundle. This would get you a public part in usercert.pem file.
Now you can use your public/private PEM files.
Root certificates
If you get complaints that your certificate is signed not by a trusted authority, install the root certificates of Terena and/or DigiCert in your browser/system. They can be found here.
Published Mar. 30, 2015 11:14 AM - Last modified Nov. 3, 2020 11:04 AM


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Smartphones may be the new hot tool in cognitive psychology research, according to a paper in the online journal PLoS ONE.
Cognitive psychology, which explores how people perceive, think, remember, and more, often relies on testing volunteers that come to a research facility to participate in behavioral experiments. This data collection method generally results in relatively small, homogeneous group of test subjects, which can bias the results and limit the extent to which researchers can interpret their data.
Collecting data via smartphones, on the other hand, may be the answer to this long-standing issue by helping scientists reach larger and more varied populations, the researchers suggest. To illustrate, the authors have begun a large-scale iPhone/iPad-based language study investigating people's ability to distinguish words from similar non-words, for example, "table" versus "tible." They began the project in December 2010 and have already collected data from 4,157 subjects. For comparison, a study on a similar topic that used traditional data-collection methods took more than three years to collect approximately the same amount of data.
Moreover, the project is being conducted in seven different languages (English, French, Spanish, Catalan, Basque, Dutch, and Malay) across the world. According to the authors, "this innovative research involving volunteer smartphone users from all over the world not only allows us to better understand how the brain recognizes words, but indeed opens up vast possibilities for future large-scale research on aspects of human cognition such as memory and aging, cultural differences in perception of facial emotional expression, or reading development in children."
Citation: Dufau S, Dunabeitia JA, Moret-Tatay C, McGonigal A, Peeters D, et al. (2011) Smart Phone, Smart Science: How the Use of Smartphones Can Revolutionize Research in Cognitive Science. PLoS ONE 6(9): e24974. doi:10.1371/journal.pone._PHONE_
Financial Disclosure: This work was supported by a grant from the European Research Council (ERC#230313) awarded to JG. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Competing Interest Statement: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
PLEASE LINK TO THE SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE IN ONLINE VERSIONS OF YOUR REPORT (URL goes live after the embargo ends): _URL_
Disclaimer: This press release refers to upcoming articles in PLoS ONE. The releases have been provided by the article authors and/or journal staff. Any opinions expressed in these are the personal views of the contributors, and do not necessarily represent the views or policies of PLoS. PLoS expressly disclaims any and all warranties and liability in connection with the information found in the release and article and your use of such information.
About PLoS ONE
PLoS ONE is the first journal of primary research from all areas of science to employ a combination of peer review and post-publication rating and commenting, to maximize the impact of every report it publishes. PLoS ONE is published by the Public Library of Science (PLoS), the open-access publisher whose goal is to make the world's scientific and medical literature a public resource.
All works published in PLoS ONE are Open Access. Everything is immediately availableŚto read, download, redistribute, include in databases and otherwise useŚwithout cost to anyone, anywhere, subject only to the condition that the original authors and source are properly attributed. For more information about PLoS ONE relevant to journalists, bloggers and press officers, including details of our press release process and our embargo policy, see the everyONE blog at _URL_
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Proof that $\sqrt[3]{3}$ (Just need a check)
Let $\sqrt[3]{3}= \frac{a}{b}$ both a,b are integers of course. $\Rightarrow 3=\frac{a^{3}}{b^{3}}$ $\Rightarrow$ $3b^{3}=a^{3}$ $\Rightarrow$ 3b=a $\Rightarrow$ $3b^{3}=27b^{3}$ and this is a contradiction because the cubing function is a 1-1 function. Does this work?
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Why is that $3b = a$? – Makoto Kato Sep 27 '12 at 5:10
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4 Answers
No, $3b^3=a^3$ does not imply that $a=3b$. In fact if $a=3b$, then $a^3=(3b)^3=3^3b^3=27b^3$. What $3b^3=a^3$ does imply is that $3\mid a^3$, which then further implies that $3\mid a$. Then you have $a=3m$ for some integer $m$, and $3b^3=a^3=(3m)^3=27m^3$. Divide through by $3$ to get $b^3=9m^3$. Now $3\mid b^3$; what does this tell you about $b$? If you had begun by assuming (as you certainly may) that $\frac{a}b$ was in lowest terms, how would this be a contradiction?
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Let $n \ge 2$ be an integer. Let $m \ge 2$ be a square free integer. I claim that $\sqrt[n]{m}$ is irrational. The claim that $\sqrt[3]{3}$ is irrational follows immediately.
Suppose $\sqrt[n]{m} = \frac{a}{b}$, where gcd$(a, b) = 1$. Then $b^n m = a^n$. Let $p$ be a prime number such that $p|m$. Since $p|a^n, p|a$. Hence $p^n|a^n$. Since $m$ is square free, $p^{n-1}|b^n$. Since $n \ge 2, p|b^n$. Hence $p|b$. Since gcd$(a, b) = 1$, this is a contradiction.
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Below are a few ways to prove $\,3^{1/3}\,$ is irrational.
By the Rational Root Test, any rational root of $\rm\:x^3 - 3\:$ is an integer, contradiction.
$\rm\,3^{1/3} = a/b\:\Rightarrow\: a^3 = 3b^3\, $ contra unique factorization: the number of $3$'s in $\rm\,a^3\,$ is a multiple of $3$, versus one more than a multiple of $3$ in $\rm\,3b^3.$
Irrationality proofs for cube roots follow from irrationality proofs for square roots!
This inductive proof generalizes to higher-degree.
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Supposing $\sqrt[3]{3}$ is a rational solution of an equation, we can assume $x=\sqrt[3]{3}$ and $x^3=3$. But $x^3=3 \Rightarrow x^3-3 =0$. The rational-root theorem tells us that for a polynomial $f(x) = a_nx^n + a_{n−1}x^{n−1} + \ldots + a_1x + a_0$ all of whose coefficients ($a_n$ through $a_0$) are integers, the real rational roots are always of the form $\frac{p}{q}$, where $p$ is an integer divisor of $a_0$ and $q$ is an integer divisor of $a_n$. In this equation the possible rational roots could be $3,-3,1,-1$ and there wasn't any $\sqrt[3]{3}$. So $\sqrt[3]{3}$ is an irrational number.
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text:
Oops, try again. Make sure to print each word from the user's text to the console unless that word is the word to be redacted; if it is, print REDACTED (all caps!).
Every word is redacted, not just the one I selected
puts "What is the text we will be evaluating? " text = gets.chomp puts "What word should we redact? " redact = gets.chomp words = text.split(" ") words.each do |word| if word = redact print "REDACTED " else print word + " " end end

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Tczew (chĕf) [key], Ger. Dirschau, town (1992 est. pop. 60,000), Pomorskie prov., N Poland, a port on the Vistula River. It is a rail junction, with railroad workshops and shipyards located there. Chartered in 1260, Tczew became part of Poland in the late 13th cent. but was held by the Teutonic Knights from 1308 until 1466, when it reverted to Poland. It passed to Russia in 1772 and was not reincorporated into Poland until 1919.
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
See more Encyclopedia articles on: Polish Political Geography


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Coupled cells with internal symmetry.1. Wreath products
UNSPECIFIED. (1996) Coupled cells with internal symmetry.1. Wreath products. NONLINEARITY, 9 (2). pp. 559-574. ISSN 0951-7715Full text not available from this repository.
In this paper and its sequel we study arrays of coupled identical cells that possess a 'global' symmetry group g, and in which the cells possess their own 'internal' symmetry group L. We focus on general existence conditions for symmetry-breaking steady-state and Hopf bifurcations. The global and internal symmetries can combine in two quite different ways, depending on how the internal symmetries affect the coupling. Algebraically, the symmetries either combine to give the wreath product L (sic) g of the two groups or the direct product L x g. Here we develop a theory for the wreath product: we analyse the direct product case in the accompanying paper (henceforth referred to as II).
The wreath product case occurs when the coupling is invariant under internal symmetries. The main objective of the paper is to relate the patterns of steady-state and Hopf bifurcation that occur in systems with the combined symmetry group L (sic) g to the corresponding bifurcations in systems with symmetry L or g. This organizes the problem by reducing it to simpler questions whose answers can often be read off from known results.
The basic existence theorem for steady-state bifurcation is the equivariant branching lemma, which states that under appropriate conditions there will be a symmetry-breaking branch of steady states for any isotropy subgroup with a one-dimensional fixed-point subspace, We call such an isotropy subgroup axial. The analogous result for equivariant Hopf bifurcation involves isotropy subgroups with a two-dimensional fixed-point subspace, which we call C-axial because of an analogy involving a natural complex structure. Our main results are classification theorems for axial and C-axial subgroups in wreath products.
We study some typical examples, rings of cells in which the internal symmetry group is O(2) and the global symmetry group is dihedral. As these examples illustrate, one striking consequence of our general results is that systems with wreath product coupling often have states in which some cells are performing nontrivial dynamics, while others remain quiescent. We also discuss the common occurrence of heteroclinic cycles in wreath product systems.
|Item Type:||Journal Article|
|Subjects:||Q Science > QA Mathematics
Q Science > QC Physics
|Journal or Publication Title:||NONLINEARITY|
|Publisher:||IOP PUBLISHING LTD|
|Official Date:||March 1996|
|Number of Pages:||16|
|Page Range:||pp. 559-574|
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CBSE Class 4 Social Studies Question Paper Set E. You can download the past year question papers in pdf format with solutions from the links below. The students should practice the question papers of last year which will help them to understand the pattern on the papers and will help them to practice for the exams. You can download the question papers for last 10 years free by clicking links below. Refer to the extract below and download the full pdf file of question papers below.
I. Name the following :-
1. Name the hemisphere in which India is situated _______________________
2. Total number of languages recognized by the Indian constitution _____________
3. Give the other name of Indus Valley Civilization ___________________________
4. The groups of Indo-Aryans were known as _____________________________
5. Name the kingdom which was the most powerful of all kingdoms in the ancient Period_____________________________________
II. Fill in the blanks :-
1. The Indus valley civilization belonged to the ________________________ period of Indian history.
2. _____________________________ were very important to the IndoAryans.
3. The Indo-Aryans came from _________________________________ Asia.
4. ______________________________ is a neighboring country of India.
5. There are ___________________________________ states in India.
6. India has the _____________________________ largest population in the world.
III. Rearrange the jumbled words :-
1. HTROYIS - ______________________________________
2. KNGIDOM - _______________________________________
3. MAUYAR - _______________________________________
Please click the link below to download the full pdf file for CBSE Class 4 Social Studies Question Paper Set E.
Click for more Social Science Study Material ›


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Drawing shapes on an image
Imagine also provides a fully-featured drawing API, inspired by Python's PIL. To use the api, you need to get a drawer instance from you current image instance, using ImageInterface::draw() method.
$palette = new Imagine\Image\Palette\RGB();
$image = $imagine->create(new Box(400, 300), $palette->color('#000'));
 ->ellipse(new Point(200, 150), new Box(300, 225), $image->palette()->color('fff'));
The above example would draw an ellipse on a black 400x300px image, of white color. It would place the ellipse in the center of the image, and set its larger radius to 300px, with a smaller radius of 225px. You could also make the ellipse filled, by passing true as the last parameter
As you've noticed from DrawerInterface::text(), there is also Font class. This class is a simple value object, representing the font. To construct a font, you have to pass the $file string (path to font file), $size value (integer value, representing size points) and $color (Imagine\Image\Palette\Color\ColorInterface instance). After you have a font instance, you can use one of its three methods to inspect any of the values it's been constructed with:
 - ->getFile() - returns font file path
 - ->getSize() - returns integer size in points (e.g. 10pt = 10)
 - ->getColor() - returns Imagine\Image\Palette\Color\ColorInterface instance, representing current font color
 - ->box($string, $angle = 0) - returns Imagine\Image\BoxInterface instance, representing the estimated size of the $string at the given $angle on the image
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Māyā (mental factor)
From Encyclopedia of Buddhism
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Translations of
English pretense,
Sanskrit maya, māyā
Tibetan སྒྱུ།
(Wylie: sgyu;
THL: gyu
Māyā (Sanskrit; Tibetan wyl.: sgyu) is a Buddhist term translated as "pretense" or "deceit" that is identified as one of the twenty subsidiary unwholesome mental factors within the Mahayana Abhidharma teachings. In this context, it is defined as pretending to exhibit or claiming to have a good quality that one lacks.[1][2]
The Abhidharma-samuccaya states:
What is deceit? It is a display of what is not a real quality and is associated with both passion-lust (raga) and bewilderment-erring (moha) by being overly attached to wealth and honor. Its function is to provide a basis for a perverse life-style.[1]
Alexander Berzin explains:
Pretension (sgyu) is in the categories of longing desire (raga) and naivety (moha). Because of excessive attachment to our material gain and the respect we receive, and activated by wanting to deceive others, pretension is pretending to exhibit or claiming to have a good quality that we lack.[3]
See also
 1. 1.0 1.1 Guenther (1975), Kindle Locations 900-901.
 2. Kunsang (2004), p. 25.
 3. Berzin (2006)
External links
This article includes content from Māyā (mental factor) on Wikipedia (view authors). License under CC BY-SA 3.0. Wikipedia logo


Humane Rat Traps, what are they and do they exist?
british countryside
The main concern for any one intending to trap a pest species is, "how they can do it humanely." This is a great attitude, compassion and respect should be shown to all wildlife; especially those species that we aim to control. Quite often, we see the term humane, removed from lethal trapping practices.
Can a lethal trap be considered humane?
Without doubt, the most humane way of controlling pest species is with a goodnature trap. The current mindset throughout integrated pest management is to control rats and mice with rodenticide/toxins. This process involves the rodents visiting toxic bait stations over several days. The animal does not die instantly, suffering stress and disorientation. If the aim is always to dispatch the target species, we believe this should be conducted humanely, instantly and without causing fear.
Humane Rat Traps
Goodnature A24 humane rat traps are widely believed to be the most humane trap available for controlling rats & mice. When the target species interacts with the trap, it is dispatched instantly without any unnecessary suffering. Snap traps can be effective, however there are lots of cases where the rodent is caught by the leg, tail or across the back; not resulting in a humane end. This animal is then held in place, under stress until the person checks the trap; resulting in the animal needing to be dispatched by hand.
how the goodnature humane rat trap dispatches rodents
Here at goodnature traps UK, we believe it is our responsibility to put the welfare of wildlife first. Live traps, despite the name are often the most inhumane tool to use when controlling rodents. If the result is to dispatch the rodent that has been caught in a cage trap, it would seem senseless to hold the rodent against its will until that point. The stress, lack of food and water that occurs in these situations bears a heavy toll on the rodent.
When considering releasing the animal into the wild, it should be noted that this would see new dangers arrive for the rodent. Rats are neophobic, they fear new environments/objects. The animal would need to be released well over 500m away, otherwise it would return. This often results in starvation/thirst, stress or eaten by avian/mammal predators as the environment and dangers are unknown. If you wish to look at some relevant codes of practice, click here.
Trapping legislation is continually assessed and revised, ensuring Britain's wildlife and pest species are managed responsibly and humanely. Government legislation can be found here.
Other Methods
When approaching a rodent control problem, some of the most easily accessible methods really shouldn't be carried out by anyone but a qualified professional. Glue boards, even if they are checked every hour, can cause immense stress to the rat or mouse. Glue boards are rarely target specific if left in the open, blackbirds, robins and pets have all suffered when these have been used incorrectly. Should you wish to conduct a larger eradication programme, we always recommend professionals; such as rentokill and other accredited pest control companies.
Glue Boards
Glue boards are used in enclosed areas such as warehouses, garages or houses. They are believed to be useful for intercepting mice on routes they take to get to food. These boards need to be checked regularly, ideally every hour; incurring great expense of time. The mouse, when stuck to the board, would need to be dispatched by hand.
This process is labour intensive, causes great stress to the mouse, resulting in fear when the mouse then has to be dispatched.
Fenn Traps
Fenn Traps need to be used in tunnels, suitable to minimise any interaction from non-target species. Due to the nature of the mechanism, these traps rarely kill instantly; rather resulting in the animal dying through constriction and suffocation.
Birds, hedgehogs and pets can be at risk, even if the trap is used correctly. The Fenn does not offer a guaranteed humane kill.
Snap Traps
Snap traps have been used widely in pest control, when used by professionals in boxes, they offer a suitable form of control. Sadly, when used by an untrained individual, we often see the pest caught by a leg or other body part, not resulting in a humane dispatch.
Our environment, in its current state; does not need copious amounts of toxins littered throughout it. The rodent suffers from a slow and inhumane death when controlled by toxin. When the rodent does eventually die, it is often out of sight of the individual controlling them. This sees a great risk of secondary poisoning, whereby predators such as foxes, cats, badgers, hedgehogs and birds suffer from the toxins from consuming the rodent.
Live Traps
As mentioned previously, to trap animals alive, only to then dispatch them by hand later can be considered really quite inhumane. The risks posed to the pest far outweigh any perceived benefits from using them.
Humane Squirrel Traps
Grey squirrels have long caused extensive damage to woodland, songbirds and our native red squirrels. Controlling their population is proven to benefit native wildlife, flora and fauna. As with any trapping approach, humaneness is key. The A18 Grey Squirrel trap is humane, non-toxic and considerate to native species. With current reforms in legislation, it is now illegal to release a grey squirrel in to the environment; this is where live trapping can be most inhumane. A grey squirrel caught in a live trap could result in over 24 hours of exposure to predators such as foxes, cats, badgers and buzzards; as well as severe weather, flooding and stress. When a live trap is used for grey squirrels, the ultimate outcome will see the rodent dispatched by the responsible person. This creates an unnatural situation that forces interaction with humans, creating increased fear levels.
Our native red squirrel is being pushed to the brink of extinction, luckily there are many conservation groups working to prevent this from happening. The RSPB are doing their bit to protect our native species, have a look at how they help here.
As previously mentioned, much needed legislation reforms have come into force; we welcome these amendments for the preservation and protection of the UK habitats and ecosystems. Information on this can be found here.
Final thought
Humane traps do exist, they are the ones that dispatch the target species quickly, without suffering and pose the least threat to non-target species. When any form of trapping is to be considered, we would ask you to look at what is to be achieved, and how best it can be implemented to reduce unnecessary suffering. As a nation, Britain is one of the most animal loving and empathetic. We are all guardians of Britain's wildlife & countryside, simple changes in our actions can result in native species thriving.
To achieve this, we are often faced with problems that stem from the impact of non-native species; animals and plant life. Himalayan balsam, Japanese knotweed and American signal crayfish are removed with little asked of our ethics. Perhaps if we removed the objective speciesism bestowed on visually appealing invasive species, our collective conscience would feel more at ease when controlling them humanely.
5 thoughts on "Humane Rat Traps, what are they and do they exist?
 1. Kate Hanrahan says:
 Recently purchased this to try and solve a considerable ongoing mouse problem in my garden shed. I had been using the old snap type traps but I honestly hated having to empty and reset them and it was so annoying to go in to the shed and see the trap bait eaten but the trap not released.
 This good-nature trap is sensational. It's absolutely annihilating the mouse population in the shed. It's even effective against the younger, smaller mice.
 I highly recommend it to anyone.
 2. Vanessa Matthews says:
 Sounds like just the piece of kit I need for my considerable squirrel problem. Have trapped 10 in the last 6 days so looking to buy this. Can you tell me if you have sited the trap on a tree or a fence post? I have no trees with a broad enough trunk so will have to use a post. And how high up tree/post would you advise putting the trap? I've read 1 review where the squirrels wouldn't put their heads into the small aperture … have you found any problems with this. Any advice much appreciated. Thank you.
 - Vance says:
 Hi Vanessa,
 Glad to hear you are actively managing your GS population. We have indeed used the traps on posts, as well as customers mounting them on outbuildings, sheds, fences, etc. We recommend mounting at 1.5m above ground level.
 Regarding the aperture, I believe this is driven by the food used, not the diameter of the trap. We have since improved our lure, receiving excellent feedback with success happening most times overnight.
 Thanks for getting in touch, anything else, please do ask.
 Best Wishes,
 Goodnature Traps UK
 3. James Edwards says:
 Still despatching squirrels, 11 so far and more waiting! Hope to gather some walnuts this year and the nesting birds are not being destroyed.
 4. James Edwards says:
 Great product. Dispatched 2 squirrels in the first 12 hours then 1 the next day followed by 1 more. Inspected the trap to find the top cover and the bait basket destroyed. Now will fit metal cover to continue the fight after replacing the damaged parts.
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Our team is developing a SPO2 measurement instruments by ADPD144. However, several problems were found.
The first one, the optical sensor VREF voltage ac coupling measurement was a sawtooth wave;
the second, through the FIFO continuous read the IR and RED 500 sampling data is change each channel;
Third, cover the sensor with your finger, the data is unchanged;
the fourth one, can you help provide demo code?


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Document Publishing Using IBM Rational Publishing Engine (RPE)
River North has developed document Publishing services and DOORS add-on products that simplify and facilitate document publishing from DOORS.
Please contact River North Sales for further inquiries into products and services listed.
- Generate an output document in DOORS with a single-click of a drop down menu item
- Increases document publishing efficiency and productivity
- Decreases generated document variability
- Opens up ability for all DOORS users to generate documents in a controlled context
- Requires zero end-user training
- Enables an organization/project to rapidly get started producing documents with RPE
- Provides basic RPE training for a team of admins assigned the task of document publishing
- Provides mentoring during the production of the first few RPE templates
- Provides best practice guidance on usage of RPE with DOORS, such as utilization of a central RPE repository for templates enabling sharing and reuse across the enterprise which reduces template maintenance costs and document variability across projects
- Can be customized to include solutions for non-standard document publishing requirements such as the following
- Producing change bars in the generated document
- Producing an automated Requirements Index that sequentially lists requirements with associated page numbers where each requirement resides in the document - important because requirements never appear sequentially in a generated document
- Producing extracted content from embedded OLE objects in DOORS - displays the CONTENTS of DOORS embedded OLE objects such as MS Word or MS Excel files in the generated document


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Non-Surgical Jaw Slimming
Non-Surgical Jaw Slimming Treatment: Sculpt Your Silhouette with Precision
Non-surgical jaw slimming, also known as jawline contouring or facial slimming, is a sophisticated aesthetic procedure designed to enhance facial proportions by reshaping the jawline and reducing the appearance of a strong or square jaw. This non-invasive treatment involves the use of muscle-relaxing injections to achieve a more refined and balanced facial appearance without the need for surgery.
How does it work?
The appearance of a prominent or square jawline can be caused by the masseter muscles, which are responsible for chewing and clenching the jaw. In some cases, these muscles can become overdeveloped due to habits like teeth grinding or genetics, resulting in a broader and more masculine jawline. Non-surgical jaw slimming treatment utilises neuromodulators like Botox to relax the masseter muscles, causing them to shrink over time. This reduction in muscle size creates a softer and more feminine contour along the jawline.
The Benefits of Non-Surgical Jaw Slimming
1. Facial Proportion Enhancement: By reducing the size of the masseter muscles, non-surgical jaw slimming can bring harmony to the overall facial profile, creating a more balanced and refined appearance.
2. Improved Symmetry: Jawline asymmetry can be addressed, creating a more even and harmonious facial structure.
3. Non-Invasive Approach: Non-surgical jaw slimming offers an alternative to surgical procedures, allowing patients to achieve their desired results without incisions, anaesthesia, or extended downtime.
4. Customised Results: Nayema tailor the treatment to each patient's unique facial anatomy and aesthetic preferences, ensuring natural-looking outcomes.
5. Quick Procedure: The treatment typically takes only a few minutes, making it a convenient option for individuals with busy schedules.
During the treatment, a small amount of Botox is injected into the masseter muscles on each side of the jawline. The injections are carefully administered to achieve the desired reduction in muscle activity, leading to gradual muscle shrinkage and a slimmer jawline over the course of several weeks.
Results of non-surgical jaw slimming become noticeable over several weeks as the masseter muscles gradually relax and shrink. The effects of non-surgical jaw slimming can last anywhere from 4 to 6 months or longer, depending on individual factors. Maintenance sessions are recommended to sustain the desired results over time.
Is Non-Surgical Jaw Slimming Right for You?
If you're seeking to achieve a more refined facial profile, address jawline asymmetry, or reduce the appearance of a strong jaw, non-surgical jaw slimming could be an excellent option for you. A consultation with Nayema will help determine if this treatment aligns with your goals and expectations.
Transform your facial silhouette and enhance your confidence with non-surgical jaw slimming treatment at Renovo Aesthetics.
Why Renovo Aesthetics?
- Expertise: Nayema is a highly trained and experienced practitioner who excels in the art of aesthetics.
- Personalised Care: We understand that every client is unique. We tailor treatments to your individual needs and desires.
- Natural Results: We prioritise natural-looking results that enhance your beauty without altering your unique features.
- Safety First: Your safety is our top priority. We adhere to rigorous safety standards and practices.
- Comprehensive Services: From dermal fillers to skin rejuvenation, we offer a wide range of treatments to address your specific concerns.
- Client-Centered Approach: Your comfort and satisfaction are paramount. We provide a welcoming and caring environment.
- Proven Results: Our track record of successful treatments and satisfied clients speaks for itself.
- Ongoing Support: We are committed to your journey, offering support and guidance at every step.
- Exceptional Care: Renovo Aesthetics is dedicated to enhancing your well-being, inside and out.


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Fire, Smoke and Repairs
On December 15, 1993, fire swept through the stately Utah Governor's Mansion. The cause: faulty wiring on the Christmas tree in the Grand Hall.
Smoke traveled quickly from the hall to the nearby stairwell, which channeled heat and smoke up through the house and out the roof nearly destroying the dome over the staircase.
Fortunately, the Governor's family (Governor Leavitt was not in the mansion at the time of the fire) and staff were able to alert the fire department and escape without injury. The Salt Lake City fire department responded immediately and took special precautions to protect irreplaceable elements of the building. They placed dams across doorways to prevent water from spreading into rooms which did not have to be exposed to the fire-fighting process.
Shortly after the fire was extinguished, representatives of the State Fire Marshal's Office, the Division of Facilities Construction and Management, and the Division of State History met to assess the damage. Utah Disaster Kleenup was called in to vacuum up water, dry out the mansion and start topical cleaning of all surfaces. A temporary heat source was placed in the building to prevent damp wood from freezing and cracking. These initial actions marked the beginning of an arduous effort to ensure the preservation and restoration of this national treasure. Enough of the mansion's original materials remained to warrant a comprehensive restoration. What was lost in the fire was replicated to the highest possible standards, while original materials were cleaned and refinished. Delicate original plasterwork was retained in place after the plaster walls and woodwork were removed for cleaning.
Martin Churchill Associates, Inc. of Arlington, Virginia was brought in to supervise smoke and odor removal. The firm determined that virtually all interior wall surfaces would have to be removed and interior wall cavities cleaned. Sponge and grit-blasting were used to clean the interior surfaces of caustic tar, smoke and soot damage. Ozone generators were used to complete the combustion process and eliminate odors before the walls were replastered.
The most extensive exterior smoke damage occurred on the south second level porch. Poultices, soft water washes and chemical washes were tried and were mostly ineffective cleaning tools. Finally, a soft sand-blasting technique was successful. The process left no visible damage to the stone and was used only in small areas.


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What would it be like to inherit a compass from your parents that always led you home, no matter where you were in the world? Apparently, sea turtles do inherit such a compass, and so do other marine animals such as salmon and whales.
They use the earth's magnetic field to guide them to feeding grounds or mating grounds. What's even more amazing is that they seem to be born with an internal map to go along with their compass. Salmon, for instance automatically know how to get to the same feeding grounds used by their biological parents even if they were born and raised in a hatchery..
Scientists are finding out that these internal navigation tools are way more sensitive than they thought. They've known for a long time that many animals use the earth's magnetic field to determine their latitude, or north-south position. It's a fairly straightforward thing to do because it relies on the north-south direction of the earth's magnetic field, something that never changes.
The surprising thing that researchers have recently learned is that sea turtles also use magnetic fields to determine their longitude (east-west position). That's a trickier job because it's not about simply knowing the direction of the Earth's magnetic field; it's about recognizing very small changes in the strength of it, too. The turtles combine information about magnetic strength and direction to determine where they are in a vast ocean with no other clues or landmarks to guide them.
These changes in magnetic strength are so small a regular compass can't detect them, which means sea turtles are very sensitive to shifts in magnetic fields. That's important because they travel such long distances that even a small mistake can send them way off course.
Understanding how sea turtles navigate during their long journeys might help us protect them. It may also lead to improvements in navigation technology, and it could provide clues to why the turtles and other animals such as whales and dolphin sometimes beach themselves.
Read about these studies here:
Sea Turtles Migrate with help of a magnetic map


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Introduction to OOP: Chapter 2: Responsibility Driven Design:
A software component is simply an abstract design entity with which we
can associate responsibilities for different tasks.
May eventually be turned into a class, a function, a module, or something
A component must have a small well defined set of responsibilities
A component should interact with other components to the minimal extent possible
Intro OOP, Chapter 2, Slide 12


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Manual browser: random(6)
NAMErandom — random lines from a file or random numbers
DESCRIPTIONrandom reads lines from the standard input and copies them to the standard output with a probability of 1/denominator. The default value for denominator is 2.
The options are as follows:
- If the -e option is specified, random does not read or write anything, and simply exits with a random exit value of 0 to denominator-1, inclusive.
- The -r option guarantees that the output is unbuffered.
|March 20, 2007||NetBSD 7.0|


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Jupiter, in Roman mythology, the supreme god. Though principally a sky god in charge of all atmospheric conditions, he had many special functions. In his most important temple, on the Capitoline Hill, he was worshiped as god of the state and was called Optimus Maximus (The Best and Greatest). He directed the course of human affairs, and revealed future events by producing omens in the heavens. White, the color of the light of day, was sacred to Jupiter. His priests wore white robes, white animals were sacrificed to him, and white horses drew his chariot.
Jupiter was identified with the Greek god Zeus, and many of the early stories about him correspond to those told of Zeus.Jupiter was the supreme Roman god.


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Correct a CountryThese brain teasers rely on your ability to recognize groups of common attributes. For each of these puzzles you'll need to figure out why the words or letters are grouped as they are. Sometimes you will be asked to pick the odd-one-out or to place a new word into the correct group.
The following country names have been placed in two groups based on one attribute.
Part 1 (easy): Determine what that attribute is.
Part 2 (tricky): Change one of the country names and move it to the other group.
HintDon't look at a map. This is about names.
AnswerPart 1: All these are English names of the countries. The names in Group A are the same in the local language, whereas the names in Group B are not the local names. (Germany is Deutschland, Ivory Coast is Cote d'Ivoire, Japan is Nippon, Albania is Shqiperia, and Montenegro is Crne Gore.)
Part 2: Officially the English name of Cote d'Ivoire is Cote d'Ivoire, so remove Ivory Coast from Group B and put Cote d'Ivoire in Group A.
See another brain teaser just like this one...
Or, just get a random brain teaser
If you become a registered user you can vote on this brain teaser, keep track of
which ones you have seen, and even make your own.
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The pco.flim is the first Frequency Domain FLIM camera using a two tap CMOS sensor. Synchronized modulation of pixels and stimulated light enables you the analysis of luminescence decay times in the range of 100 ps – 100 µs.
With its 1008 x 1008 pixels resolution the pco.flim reads out 45 double frames/s at a max. You can use it for a modulation frequency range of 5 kHz – 40 MHz.
Using C-mount as standard the system is easy to connect to any microscope or lens. Further, the USB 3.0 interface lets you connect the camera to all kinds of computers. This saves you significant efforts and costs for operation and research.
The pco.flim laser is a homogeneously illuminating light source designed for use with the pco.flim. It features a digital modulation frequency range of 0 – 250 MHz. You can either order the pco.flim laser for widefield epifluorescence microscope illumination, or for Total-Internal-Reflection-Fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy, light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) and confocal spinning disk microscopy.
Choose between a wide range of different wavelengths and light output powers. The laser is ideally suited if your relevant luminescence lifetimes are in the range of a few nanoseconds. In case you are using a Nikon microscope, the Nikon double-safety-shutter option is also available.


Garlic is a crucial ingredient in many cuisines, including Italian. However, garlic can become too "aggressive," invading dishes with its aroma and flavor, until it becomes unpleasant.
Buongiorno amici:
Because it is a debate, I'll begin by saying that I am not against garlic but the excessive use. Garlic is a crucial ingredient in many cuisines, including Italian. However, it can become too "aggressive," invading dishes with its aroma and flavor, until it becomes unpleasant. In a clearer perspective, garlic's unbalanced use can be the single most significant cause of failure in would-be Italian cooking.
When I began cooking professionally in the United States, I soon realized that garlic was used everywhere, from pasta sauces to ice cream. Growing up in Italy, I did not eat much garlic and still use it with caution. When I owned my restaurants, I implemented a garlic sanction on the new hires. When staff learned the proper flavor extraction and use of the stinking rose, the sanctions disappeared. Using garlic even among Italians is not sacrilegious, but it does divide the country. The main reason why Italian chefs don't lean on garlic as a crutch is because they choose ingredients in season and full of taste. Chefs always seek authentic flavors. Spices and garlic enrich pure flavors but not masquerade the final tasty results.
North American eaters love garlic, whether it is because of its taste, health benefits, etc. To them, no ingredient seems more quintessentially Italian than garlic. There is probably a reason behind the garlic fever we experience. Early immigrants began to masquerade with garlic the flavors of acidic tomatoes and unripe vegetables found in the new land. Today, we cannot complain about what we grow, from high-quality fruit and produce to plant-based protein and conventional. But in Italy, the garlic attitude is strikingly different, with a philosophy driven by disciplined use. Some people assert that we use more garlic in America because most of the Italian food found here comes from southern Italy, where garlic is supposedly prevalent. But that is untrue. Southerners use more garlic than the northerners, but not by much. Since the bulk of Italian emigration came from the south, the Italian diaspora created a sort of "Italian" garlic distortion field.
Some blame can be attributed to the lack of shared education by media. Food writers and TV chefs tend to load up their recipes with garlic because they know Americans love the taste. But that is an injustice to the recipes and the consumer. During an episode of the U.S. television show Secrets of a Restaurant Chef, host Anne Burrell's prepared the famous Bolognese sauce with four garlic cloves. The Chamber of Commerce of Bologna, who guards the sauce's integrity, calls for zero garlic. But let's give Anne the benefit of not being born in Italy, therefore excused.
In the section on tomato sauces in her book Everyday Italian, Giada De Laurentiis calls out the "garlic-laden stuff from the pizza parlor." And yet, her Salsa All'Amatriciana recipe has two cloves of garlic. The original version has zero. What's going on? Why is garlic deemed so "Italian" outside of Italy but less so in Italy? The debate will be here for a long time, and regardless of what we think, what remains essential is what we like and the overall taste of food we prepare.
Some suggestions on garlic:
1) Never mince garlic with a knife's blade, but slightly crush it. Mincing garlic, when used for stuffings, is perfectly acceptable.
2) Remove the dental soul of garlic (the inner part running through the clove). If ingested, it can be particularly indigestible and not leave a pleasant aftertaste. The color, thickness, and length of the dental soul indicate the age of the bulb.
3) An acceptable practice used by many chefs includes bleaching. Boil the garlic clove in water or milk, with a pinch of salt. The liquids will retain much of the garlic oil and be used to flavor sauces, soups, and stuffings. The ultimate flavors will be delicate, less penetrating, and persistent.
4) Using crushed garlic with the skin left on allows extra oil present in the skin to flavor your dish. Keep in mind that very rarely Italians ingest garlic. Discard after use or save for pureeing afterward for other applications.
5) Consuming garlic may not agree with every digestive system. Most people don't realize that garlic protrudes through the skin pores when sweating and can be annoying, especially when sitting next to someone on your flight to Australia.
6) When someone says: "wow, I can taste the garlic," it means that the dish is unbalanced, burying other flavors. Still, use garlic carefully during recipe preparation. Always begin with small amounts and climb accordingly.
7) Garlic cultivation varies from place to place. The best garlic in America is from Gilroy's town in southern California; the worst garlic is from China, where growing practices contradict the cultivation methods used by most countries. When shopping for garlic, always read about the provenience, or ask store managers for the info.
8) Balance your cooking, because food can be over-garlicky, just like over-salted. Think of it as a pleasant addition and not as a predominant factor in cooking. Also, good cooks prepare food unselfishly and for others. Being mindful of the taste receptors of your guests is fundamental in cooking while expanding your culinary wealth.
9) Garlic does not pair well with every ingredient (despises asparagus and others), and choosing those combinations, makes you an excellent cook.
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CAN Canvasses For Inter-religious Studies
The Federal Government should introduce inter-religious studies at all levels of education to reduce religious violence in the country, the Christian Association of Nigeria (CAN) has said.
This is according to a press statement it issued by the president of CAN, Samson Ayokunle, in his paper "Interreligious education and common citizenship values" delivered in Vienna, Austria at an Interfaith Seminar organised by KAICIID.
Mr. Ayokunle who traced the incessant religious riots in Nigeria to the absence of History, Civics and Inter-religious Education in schools, called on all religious groups and the government to wake up to their responsibilities in this regard if "religious violence will become history."
"In those days in Nigeria when we used to study history and civics in primary and secondary schools, basic knowledge of at least Christianity and Islam were taught, but today, when history is no longer taught, Inter-religious education has become more difficult," he said.
"This to an extent may be responsible for a surge in religious violence more rampart now in Nigeria. All religious groups in Nigeria in particular and the globe in general must make concerted effort towards government's inclusion of Inter-religious Education in the schools curricula."
According to him, "All over the world, the current trend is that educational institutions – colleges, universities (many are not religiously affiliated!) and even certain seminaries – are actively looking for ways to respond to the issues of education in a religiously multi-faceted world.
"They seek to entrench a transformational process through which students could be educated to become global citizens with an understanding of the diversity of religious traditions and with strategies of pluralism that engage diversity in creative and productive ways. Obviously, inter-religious education is increasingly essential for equipping people to be citizens of the world.
"Therefore, from a societal as well as pedagogical points of view, all academic institutions irrespective of their theological affiliation or inclination should be obliged to foster a religious dimension to citizenship."
"It douses the tension of stereotype or resentment against other peoples' religion which causes distance in relationships. It increases beneficial inter-relationships and widens the student's family network. Religiously bi-literate or educated people who know the history and theology of other religions are likely to have better grasp or understanding of world politics, history, culture and literature.
"Inter-religious Education gives students or people ample opportunities to make informed decision in adulthood of the religion they have the conviction to practice in life. Inter-religious education reduces religious conflicts and promotes mutual co-existence. Inter-religious education gives in the opportunity to see the world from more than one religious perspective and make better informed decisions," he said amongst other factors he listed in the paper.
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Nod (gesture)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
A depiction of a man nodding
Nodding to indicate acceptance[edit]
Different cultures assign different meanings to the gesture. Nodding to indicate "yes" is widespread, and appears in a large number of diverse cultural and linguistic groups. Areas in which nodding generally takes this meaning include the Indian subcontinent (note that the head bobble also shows agreement there), Iran, Southeast Asia, Western Europe, Latin America and North America. Nodding may also be used as a sign of recognition in some areas. Nodding is also used to show respect. Insult can be inferred if it is not returned in kind.
Nodding to indicate refusal[edit]
There are few exceptions with some countries swapping the meanings between nodding and shaking head: in Greece, Macedonia, Bulgaria and Albania a single nod of the head up (not down) indicates a "no".
There are varying theories as to why nodding is so frequently used to mean "yes". One simple theory is that it is a form of bowing, indicating that one is prepared to accept what another person is saying or requesting.[citation needed] It has also been stated[1] that babies, when hungry, search for milk by moving their heads vertically, but decline milk by turning their head from side to side.
An early survey of nodding and other gestures was The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals, written by Charles Darwin in 1872. Darwin wrote to missionaries in many parts of the world asking for information on local gestures, and concluded that nodding for "yes" was common to many different groups.
Nodding as greeting[edit]
Nodding can also be used as a form of nonverbal greeting or acknowledgement of another's presence; in this context, it is essentially an especially mild form of bowing, with just enough movement to show a degree of respect without additional formality. This includes the traditional downwards nod, or the upwards nod (which is more informal and usually used among friends or subordinates). To increase the formality, the downwards nod may also be accompanied by a suitable verbal greeting.
Nodding syndrome[edit]
Nodding is also a symptom of a yet unexplained disease. It affects mostly children under 15, and was first documented in Tanzania in 1962.[2]
See also[edit]
External links[edit]


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A new imaging sensor created by a team at Carnegie Mellon University and the University of Toronto allows depth cameras to operate effectively in bright sunlight. The researchers, including Srinivasa Narasimhan, CMU associate professor of robotics, developed a mathematical model to help cameras capture 3D information and eliminate unneeded light or "noise" that often wash out the signals necessary to detect a scene's contours.
Sensor Technology: Why has capturing light been such a challenge?
Srinivasa Narasimhan: There's no problem capturing light. In fact, the more light the better, in many cases, but here you have two competing sources of light. You have the light source that the sensor itself has, which is typically very low power, and you have the outdoor light, which is typically much higher power. You want to capture one, but not the other.
Sensor Technology: How does the sensor choose which light rays to capture?
Narasimhan: The sensor is only capturing the light that it is sending out, rather than anything else, by using a very-lowpower laser scanner or projector. It is shining light in one row and capturing that light. That allows us to be energy efficient.
Sensor Technology: What does your prototype look like?
Narasimhan: We have two prototypes. One has a laser projector plus a rolling shutter camera — the most common sensor that's out there today. Most iPhone cameras have rolling shutter cameras.
Rolling shutter means that you're capturing light one row at a time. What we thought was: If a laser projector is projecting one line at a time, and the rolling shutter is capturing one line at a time, you can synchronize those two things. They'll capture only the lines that the laser projector is sending out. That led us to this more important theory of energy efficiency. For example, with this prototype, you're only capturing light rays that are along the single plane. So you scan a sheet of light, and you just capture that same sheet of light.
Sensor Technology: Why is it important for these sensors to be energy efficient?
Narasimhan: If you want to put this [technology] on a cell phone or a mobile robot, it can't be really heavy. You really have to think about energy. Once you make light sources smaller, they have to be low power. It's very hard to be very high power and very small. Of course, if you send a rover to the moon, a lot of the energy is being spent by sensing applications rather than exploration or driving the robot itself. Therefore, you have to conserve energy.
Sensor Technology: How does the sensor enable 3D imaging?
Narasimhan: 3D imaging means that you're capturing light rays that are intersecting or triangulating. If you wanted to capture only light rays that maybe bounce off three times, or two times, or ten times in the scene, those kinds of things are not easy to do now. With this kind of technology, you can capture and choose the particular light rays, even exotic ones, that you could not before. Ordinary cameras and ordinary illumination systems blast light everywhere, and then capture light from everywhere. That's usually not a great thing to do.
We can automatically remove all of the reflections from a disco ball, because we don't capture any of them. Or, if we want, we can capture only those exotic reflections. Light bounces around in many interesting ways in a scene, and we now have a way of controlling what to project and what to capture in a very efficient way.
Sensor Technology: What kinds of applications are possible because of this kind of technology?
Narasimhan: You can take these sensors outdoors. So you can put them on mobile robots, you can put them on your cell phones, and you can create these outdoor Kinect-type sensors. We're also now thinking of putting this on rovers that might go to distant planets or icy moons one day.


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Inconsistent Maximum Likelihood Estimation: An "Ordinary" Example
The widespread use of the Maximum Likelihood Estimate (MLE) is partly based on an intuition that the value of the model parameter that best explains the observed data must be the best estimate, and partly on the fact that for a wide class of models the MLE has good asymptotic properties. These properties include "consistency" — that as the amount of data increases, the estimate will, with higher and higher probability, become closer and closer to the true value — and, moreover, that the MLE converges as quickly to this true value as any other estimator. These asymptotic properties might be seen as validating the intuition that the MLE must be good, except that these good properties of the MLE do not hold for some models.
This is well known, but the common examples where the MLE is inconsistent aren't too satisfying. Some involve models where the number of parameters increases with the number of data points, which I think is cheating, since these ought to be seen as "latent variables", not parameters. Others involve singular probability densities, or cases where the MLE is at infinity or at the boundary of the parameter space. Normal (Gaussian) mixture models fall in this category — the likelihood becomes infinite as the variance of one of the mixture components goes to zero, while the mean is set to one of the data points. One might think that such examples are "pathological", and do not really invalidate the intuition behind the MLE.
Here, I'll present a simple "ordinary" model where the MLE is inconsistent. The probability density defined by this model is free of singularities (or any other pathologies), for any value of the parameter. The MLE is always well defined (apart from ties, which occur with probability zero), and the MLE is always in the interior of the parameter space. Moreover, the problem is one-dimensional, allowing easy visualization.
The data consists of i.i.d. real values x1, x2, …, xn. The model has one positive real parameter, t. The distribution of a data point is an equal mixture of the standard normal and a normal distribution with mean t and standard deviation exp(-1/t^2):
Looking at the top left plot, the probability density function when t=2.5, you can see two modes near 0 and t. As t decreases to 0.6, and then 0.2, the mode at t moves left and gets narrower. A narrower mode has higher probability density at its peak. When t=0.2, the peak density of the mode at t is about 1010 times higher than the peak density of the mode at 0, which is invisible at the scale of the plot (the scale is noted in the left-side caption).
The bottom plots are of likelihood functions given data generated from the model with t=0.6. I generated 100 points, and used the first 10, the first 30, and all 100 for the three plots. With 10 data points, the value that maximizes the likelihood (0.5916) is close to the true parameter value (0.6). But as the number of data points increases, the MLE moves away from the true value, getting closer and closer to zero. The value of the likelihood at the MLE also gets bigger, reaching about 0.3×10162 when 100 data points are used.
This plot shows the likelihood function with 30 data points with the vertical scale changed to show detail other than the peak. A local maximum of the likelihood around the true value of 0.6 can now be seen. It is completely dominated by the maximum at 0.0743, which is about a factor of 1052 higher.
Why does this happen? First, note that regardless of the true value of t, the density in the vicinity of zero will be non-singular, so the probability that a data point will land in the interval (0,c) will be proportional to c when c is small. In a data set of n points, we can therefore expect the smallest positive data point, call it x0, to have a magnitude of about k/n, for some constant k. Now, consider the value of the log likelihood function at t=x0 versus its value at the true value of t. When t=x0, the log probability density for x0 will be approximately
In comparison, the density of x0 when t is not close to x0 will be approximately half its density under the N(0,1) distribution, which will approach a constant as n increases (and x0 goes to zero). The density under t=x0 for data points other than x0 will approach a constant as n increases and t goes to zero. On average, the true value of t (or values near the true value) will produce a higher value for the density of such points, but the difference in log densities will approach a constant. The end result is that the contribution to the log likelihood of data points other than x0 will be greater for the true value of t than for t=x0 by an amount that grows in proportion to n, while the contribution to the log likelihood of the point x0 will be greater for t=x0 than for the true value of t by an amount that grows in proportion to n2. As n increases, the n2 contribution will dominate, so the MLE will be close to zero rather than being close to the true value of the parameter. (Note, however, that the MLE will usually not be exactly equal to x0, though when n is large it will usually be nearby. The argument above just shows that a value of t near x0 will have higher likelihood than a value near the true value of t.)
So what does this say about the Maximum Likelihood intuition — that the best estimate is the parameter value that best explains the data? It illustrates the Bayesian critique of this intuition, which is that using the MLE ignores the volume of the parameter space where the data is fit well. When n is large, only a tiny region around x0 fits the data better than the true value of the parameter. In a posterior distribution (based on some prior), the smallness of this region will cancel the large height of the peak, with the result that the posterior probability that t is near x0 will usually not be large.


Regular Expressions: Positive and Negative Lookahead austin
Tell us what's happening:
I'm looking at the example given in the Positive and Negative Lookahead Lesson. Here it is:
let password = "abc123";
checkPass.test(password); // Returns true
However, if password = "abcd123" it still return as true, even though the password has more than 6 characters. Why is that? Shouldn't this return as false if there are more than 6 characters?
Also, I don't understand how the lookahead works when there is nothing in front of the (?=…) as given in this example. The other examples have something in front, as with q(?=u). How can you have a lookahead with nothing in front of the lookahead?
Your code so far
Your browser information:
Challenge: Positive and Negative Lookahead
Link to the challenge:
I'll translate this regex to English and see if you can spot the problem:
 1. Anywhere ahead of me there must be three to six _alphanumeric characters
 2. Anywhere ahead of me there must be a digit possibly preceded by any number of non-digit characters
DISCLAIMER: "Anywhere" is somewhat incorrect technically, but still OK to understand the behaviour.
Ok thank you that does help! It seems that this regex just checks to see if there are 3-6 alphanumeric characters in the string ("ahead of me"), but the string can still be more than 6 characters.
Exactly! There is no way lookaheads can test the maximum boundary. In order for this regex to work you need to unwrap the first lookahead and introduce boundaries ^...$:
const re = /^(?=.*\d)\w{3,6}$/;
re.test('abc123'); // true
re.test('abcd123'); // false
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(SOLVED) What is the difference between President Obama's net worth and the mean net worth of all members of the Executive Branch?
Type of Paper: Question-Answer
Academic Level: Undergrad. (yrs 3-4)
Paper Format: APA
Obama's Net Worth As of this writing, Barack Obama is President of the United States and he has a net worth of $3, 670, 505. The 17 members of the Executive Branch have a mean net worth of $4, 939, 455 with a standard deviation of $7, 775, 948 (based on data from opensecrets.org). What is the difference between President Obama's net worth and the mean net worth of all members of the Executive Branch? How many standard deviations is that (the difference found in part (a))? Convert President Obama's net worth to a z score. If we consider "usual" amounts of net worth to be those that convert to 2 scores between - 2 and 2, is President Obama's net worth usual or unusual?
Obama = _PHONE_
EB = _PHONE_, sd = _PHONE_
a) The difference is _PHONE_ -_PHONE_ =-_PHONE_
b) as the Sd is _PHONE_, and the difference is _PHONE_,where SD > Difference
so it lies within 1 standard deviation
c) We know the Z score formula is
Z = X- Mean /SD = (_PHONE_ - _PHONE_ )/_PHONE_ = -0.1631
d)as this z value of -0.1631 lies between -2 and 2, hence the value is normal and usual


text:
Ten people taste wine A and wine B. Let $X$ denote the number who prefer A. Assume that all the others indicate a preference for B. The people are a random sample.
If $X=10$, and we test the null hypothesis of no difference in preference between the wines (vs. two-sided alternative), the $p$-value is equal to 0.0020.
I don't get how one comes to the conclusion that the p-value is 0.0020. Are you supposed to use the one sample test for proportion?


text:
Announcing the invention of a radical new type of bridge capable of spanning long distances across deep water.
The inventor claims this bridge design will make crossing long expanses of deep water possible. The "Hamilton Deep Water Bridge" will make the construction of bridges across places like the English Channel or the Straits of Messina, etc., practical and economically feasible.
Where now, only ferry transportation connects locations separated by long distance and deep water, this new bridge will make driving safely, between these locations possible. There are many locations around the world where a bridge of this type can be used. One of the unique design features of the bridge are the economical "ocean pressure" foundations which secure the bridge to the ocean floor and support the super structure. This new design will bring bridge construction into the 21st century.
Donald L. Hamilton, Inventor
104 Ramona Ave. Buffalo, NY 14220
"Imagination beyond the cutting edge"


text:
Hel was the Norse* goddess of the dead, daughter of the trickster god Loki and the giantess Angrboda. Shortly after her birth, Hel was cast out of Asgard, home of the gods, by Odin*. He sent her to Niflheim, the underworld, and made her queen of all who died from old age or sickness. Warriors who fell in combat did not become her subjects but went instead to the hall called Valhalla to live with Odin. In early Norse mythology, Hel was also the name of the world of the dead.
trickster mischievous figure appearing in various forms in the folktales and mythology of many different peoples underworld land of the dead
Sources describe the goddess as a half-flesh-colored and half-black monster. She lived in a castle called Eljudner and ate her meals with a dish named Hunger and a knife called Famine. She was attended by two servants, Ganglati and Ganglot, who moved so slowly that they appeared to be standing still. Hell, the English word for the underworld, comes from the Norse word Hel.


walk away
Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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to walk away
 1. Used other than as an idiom: see walk, away.
 I took one last look at the house and walked away.
 2. (idiomatic) To withdraw from a problematic situation.
 Company lawyers told him to walk away from the deal.
 3. (idiomatic) To survive a challenging or dangerous situation without harm.
 The football team walked away with a 1-0 victory.
 4. (idiomatic) To defeat someone or achieve something.
Related terms[edit]


What Is a TSO Officer?
Transportation security officers, or TSOs, work at airports to help protect passengers by screening for dangerous objects in luggage, cargo or on passengers. TSOs work for the Transportation Security Administration, an agency of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. The TSA has strict qualifications for TSOs, along with a pay scale that differs from the general schedule pay table used for most federal employees.
Typical Duties
TSOs operate the equipment used for security screenings, including hand wands and X-ray machines. They monitor passenger flow at checkpoints to help maintain order and to facilitate passenger processing. TSOs may also screen cargo and luggage for any potentially hazardous objects. If required, TSOs perform pat-down searches on passengers. They report any issues indicating a vulnerable area or weakness in the screening process to their supervisors.
All TSOs must be U.S. citizens and able to speak, write and read English. The TSA conducts a thorough background investigation on candidates. TSOs must pass a medical exam, as well as an alcohol and drug screening. Candidates must also achieve an acceptable score on an aptitude test. TSOs may be required to lift luggage weighing as much as 70 pounds, walk as many as two miles during a shift or stand for up to four hours at a time, so they must also pass a test of their physical abilities.
Application Process
The TSA posts job vacancies on the federal website, _URL_. Each posting contains the exact process applicants should follow. Candidates should follow these instructions carefully to ensure that all required forms are submitted. After selecting the best-qualified applicants, supervisors may conduct telephone or face-to-face interviews.
The TSA does not use the standard general schedule. Instead, it assigns pay bands from A to M, each of which has a minimum and maximum salary. TSOs are assigned to either pay band D or E. The salary range for pay band D was $25,518 to $38,277, as of 2012, and the range for pay band E was $29,302 to $44,007. These salaries do not reflect locality pay, which increases the salary based on geographic location.
TSOs are eligible for a variety of benefits. They receive a uniform allowance and transportation subsidies. The TSA provides paid training, and employees can choose from a wide selection of medical insurance programs. Employees receive 10 paid holidays annually, vacation, sick and personal leave time, flexible schedules and life insurance. TSOs may choose to participate in a flexible spending account and a thrift savings plan for retirement.


text:
Available at: _URL_
Date of Award
MS in Aerospace Engineering
Colloid thrusters, and electrospray thrusters as a whole, have been around since the 1960s. When they were first developed, the high efficiency and fine thrust control was overshadowed by the high power requirement for such a low thrust that the system provides. This caused the technology to be put on hold for aerospace applications. Now, as small satellites are becoming more prevalent, there has been a resurgence in interest in electrospray thruster technology. The recent advancements in technology allow electrospray thrusters to use significantly less power and occupy less volume than their predecessors. As electrospray technology continues to advance, these thrusters are meeting the demands of small satellite propulsion. As such, in an effort to keep the spacecraft propulsion curriculum current with today's technology, a colloid thruster is designed, built, tested, and implemented as a laboratory activity at California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo.
Electrospray thrusters work by placing a voltage on an ionic liquid and extracting either beads of propellant or ions to generate thrust. By definition, colloid thrusters are a specific class of electrospray thrusters that use solvents, such as glycerol or formamide, to emit droplets or, in special cases, ions to generate thrust. To keep with the University's "Learn by Doing" pedagogical philosophy, the thruster for this activity is designed to have a tactile and experiential impact on the students. The final design is a scaled up configuration of an existing electrospray design so that the students can easily see each component with the naked eye and can be correlated to a real world thruster that they might see in industry.
As a laboratory experiment, the thruster needs to be able to utilize current equipment in the Space Environments and Testing Laboratory. One of the Student Vacuum Chambers (SVC) is utilized as well as two 1 kV power supplies and a 100V power supply. An indirect method of measuring performance metrics needs to be developed as there are no thrust balances sensitive enough in the lab designated for undergraduate use. As such, the students will be using the mass of the propellant, the time of operation, and knowledge of the propellant's properties to estimate the performance of the thruster.
To prove success of the thruster, a performance profile of the thruster is produced using an indirect method of measurement as well as visual observations of the thruster moving propellant byway of the electrospray theory. The tests show thrusts produced between 96-311 μN with an Isp ranging from _PHONE_ seconds. The visual evidence demonstrates propellant being collected as well as the operation of the thruster under the electrospray theory. The visual evidence also sheds light on which emission mode the thruster is operating at as well as a self-correcting failure mode that was occurring. The thruster is implemented as a lab for Cal Poly's AERO 402 Spacecraft Propulsion Lab in Fall 2018, and it receives positive feedback from the students through an anonymous survey.
While the colloid thruster demonstrates success in meeting performance and pedagogical goals, future work should be continued to improve the thruster. Further design and manufacturing work can be undertaken to improve the efficiency and decrease failure due to propellant impingement. Additionally, the procurement of power supplies capable of applying higher voltages can provide a greater range of operation which can enable a more dynamic student discovery of electrospray thrusters.


Generic Name: Cyclosporine
 - What is this medication and its most common uses?
 Restasis is an eye drop used to increase tear production in people with dry eyes caused by inflammation due to Dry Eye Syndrome.
 How does this medication work?
 Restasis works by helping increase your eyes' natural ability to produce tears.
 What: Restasis has been shown to increase tear production, and may help you rely less on artificial tears.
 When: Everyone responds differently to treatment, so try to be patient and follow your healthcare provider's directions. It is important that you use Restasis exactly as your healthcare provider has prescribed.
 How do I know it is working?
 You may notice an increase in tear production with Restasis use. This is a good indicator that your medication is working. Your healthcare provider may ask you questions to assess how well the medicine is working.
 - What are the possible side effects of this medication?
 More common side effects may include: eye burning.
 Less common side effects may include:
 Restasis may cause red eyes, discharge, eye pain, feeling like something is in your eye, itching, stinging, or blurry vision.
 - Who should not take this medication?
 Do not use Restasis if you are allergic to it or any of its ingredients.
 Tell your healthcare provider about all prescription, over-the-counter, and herbal medications you are taking before beginning treatment with Restasis. Also, talk to your healthcare provider about your complete medical history.
 - What is the usual dosage?
 Adults and adolescents ≥16 years: Apply 1 drop in each eye twice a day (about 12 hours apart).
 - How should I take this medication?
 Use Restasis exactly as prescribed by your healthcare provider. Do not change your dose or stop using Restasis without first talking to your healthcare provider. T
 urn the vial upside down a few times before using.
 You may use Restasis with artificial tears. If you also use artificial tears, apply them at least 15 minutes before or after using Restasis.
 If you wear contact lenses, remove your contact lenses before applying Restasis, and wait 15 minutes after applying Restasis before putting your contact lenses back on.
 Use Restasis immediately after opening the vial. Throw away any remaining medicine after you apply it.
 - What should I avoid while taking this medication?
 No significant interactions have been reported with Restasis at this time. However, always tell your healthcare provider about any medicines you take, including over-the-counter medications, vitamins, and herbal supplements.
 The effects of Restasis during pregnancy and breastfeeding are unknown. Tell your healthcare provider immediately if you are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breastfeeding.
 - How should I store this medication?
 Store at room temperature.
Meet the Pharmacists
Check out my latest blog post on antidepressants
Restasis Related Drugs
Restasis Related Conditions


Pronunciation: (u-līn'munt), [key]
1. an adjustment to a line; arrangement in a straight line.
2. the line or lines so formed.
3. the proper adjustment of the components of an electronic circuit, machine, etc., for coordinated functioning: The front wheels of the car are out of alignment.
5. a ground plan of a railroad or highway.
6. Archaeol.a line or an arrangement of parallel or converging lines of upright stones or menhirs. Also,alinement.
aligning punchalignment chart
See also:
Related Content


text: The objective of Spreadsheet Query is to provide the user with two powerful tools for the strategic and competitive analysis of a nation in terms of the Millenium Development Goals. The first tool is called the Reference Matrix. The Reference Matrix creates a bubble chart that compares a Country's results with respect to a group of indicators against the results of the other countries within the same geographical region, income level or type of lending. The second tool is called the Goals Scorecards. The Goals Scorecard allows the user to follow up on a Country's performance with respect to the Millenium Development Goals, through a graphic representation of their deviations or progress achieved. Spreadsheet Query is an Excel (Microsoft Office) based application. It works with Excel 2003 and higher versions. It takes advantage of the functionality offered by these spreadsheets for the management and analysis of databases.


Daily tips and tricks from the experts at Adafruit!
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beet doping
Here is the straight dope on beet doping.
 1. You do not have to eat beets. Beetroot happens to be very high in nitrates, but so is spinach, celery, arugula and other lettuces.
 2. Study after study suggesst that an increase in nitrates will lead to longer (16%) and faster (3%) performances.
 3. Increased breath holding+30 seconds.
Why do nitrates improve performance so much? Eating nitrate rich foods results in the production of nitric oxide (NO). Nitric oxide improves blood flow and relaxes blood vessels which means more oxygen to muscles.
Issues to keep in mind when beet doping:
 1. Beetroot juice is very intense. As little as half a beet can cause a tightness sensation on the vocal cords and a hoarse voice. Start with small amounts and build up to the 1/2L of juice that was used in studies.
 2. Beetroot juice will sometimes color urine and often in your stools. Don't panic, it just look horrifying for a moment.
 3. Some people experience gastric discomfort. It can cause vomiting, stomach cramps and quickly turn into diarrhea.
Skratch Labs founder Allen Lim has a simple recipe which sounds good:
My goto drink has been beet, carrot, apple, orange and ginger.


text:
Concurrent programming in GHC
This page contains notes and information about how to write concurrent programs in GHC.
Please feel free to add stuff here (Edit page link at the bottom).
- Basic concurrency: forkIO and MVars. Read Tackling the awkward squad: monadic input/output, concurrency, exceptions, and foreign-language calls in Haskell.
The original paper about Concurrent Haskell contains quite a few examples about how to write concurrent programs. A larger example is Writing High-Performance Server Applications in Haskell, Case Study: A Haskell Web Server
- Software Transactional Memory (STM) is a new way to coordinate concurrent threads. There's a separate Wiki page devoted to STM.
- STM will be in GHC 6.6, and is described in the paper Composable memory transactions. The paper Lock-free data structures using Software Transactional Memory in Haskell gives further examples of concurrent programming using STM.
- Foreign function interface. If you are calling foreign functions in a concurrent program, you need to know about bound threads. They are described in a Haskell workshop paper, Extending the Haskell Foreign Function Interface with Concurrency. The GHC Commentary Supporting multi-threaded interoperation contains more detailed explanation of cooperation between FFI calls and multi-threaded runtime.
Using concurrency in GHC
- You get access to concurrency operations by importing the library Control.Concurrent.
- The GHC manual gives a few useful flags that control scheduling (not usually necessary) RTS options.
As of version 6.5, GHC supports running programs in parallel on an SMP or multi-core machine. How to do it:
- You'll need to get a version of GHC that supports SMP. Either download a nightly snapshot distribution, or get the sources from darcs and build it yourself.
- You need to link your program using the -threaded switch. (NOTE: previously it was necessary to compile all code, including libraries, with the -smp switch, this is no longer the case. The -smp flag is now a synonym for -threaded).
- Run the program with +RTS -N2 to use 2 threads, for example. You should use a -N value equal to the number of CPU cores on your machine (not including Hyper-threading cores).
- Concurrent threads (forkIO and forkOS) will run in parallel, and you can also use the par combinator and Strategies from the Control.Parallel.Strategies module to create parallelism.
- Use +RTS -sstderr for timing stats.
- Glasgow Parallel Haskell
- Glasgow Distributed Haskell


text:
for Children in Child Welfare
Children served in the child welfare system (CWS) are at greater risk of having psychological, social and developmental problems than children in the general population. However, little is known about which types of children in the CWS receive services and how services are delivered. This study will examine the mental health services received by children in the CWS, and the impact of placement types and changes over time within the context of state and regional policies regarding the use, organization and financing of mental health services. The website includes copies of the CCCW newsletter, a list of journal publications, and information about the progress of the study.
- Centre of Knowledge on Health Child Development
This Canadian web site is dedicated to providing the latest and best information on child mental health problems and the influences that shape the developmental health and well-being of children and youth.
- Research and Training Center for Pathways to Positive Futures
The RTC for Pathways to Positive Futures aims to improve the lives of youth and young adults with serious mental health conditions through rigorous research and effective training and dissemination. SPEAK OUT! is a monthly feature on the Pathways website. Each month a question relevant to transition-aged youth and young adults is answered by two members of their team of young writers. Discussion is encouraged.
StrengthofUs is a user-driven online social networking community developed by young adults and launched by The National Alliance on Mental Illness. Through this website, young adults living with mental health concerns can provide mutual support in navigating unique challenges and opportunities during the critical transition years from ages 18 to 25. Members can connect with peers for support, encouragement, and advice; share personal stories, creativity, and helpful resources; write and respond to blog entries; engage in discussion groups; and share videos, photos, and other news.
- Parental Mental Health and the Child Welfare System
Research indicates that children with parents/caregivers with significant mental health needs are at greater risk of involvement in the child welfare system. The resources available on this new webpage of the child welfare section of the Technical Assistance Partnership for Child and Family Mental Health website describe promising practices for screening and treatment, and provide tools and training, fact sheets, links to websites, and research to better understand how mental health and child welfare systems can work together to support parents and caregivers with mental health needs.


text:
A new study suggests that Black Michigan residents are more likely than white conservatives to adhere to COVID-19-related public health standards.
Conducted by Michigan State University and published in the Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, it included a group of 800 Michigan adults.
"Our findings suggest that although COVID impacts all Michiganders, reactions to COVID are politicized," said Zachary Neal, MSU associate professor of psychology and study co-author. "This is significant because if people base their response to COVID on politics rather than science, they may be placing themselves at risk."
Additionally, Michigan residents' race, according to the findings, impacted how much politics affected their views of COVID-19.
"When COVID was politicized, partisanship mattered more to white Michiganders than it did to Black Michiganders," Neal said. "This is significant because it could mean that white Michiganders are more likely to misjudge COVID risks due to politics. For example, although Black Michiganders on average said they would comply with stay-at-home orders, only the more liberal white Michiganders said they would comply."
In considering political ideology, the findings reveal that conservative whites were more likely to have noncompliance attitudes toward local and state COVID orders than more liberal white people and Black people who tend toward compliance.
Overall, Black Michiganders' attitudes toward the pandemic were more in line with public health recommendations around mask wearing and stay-home orders than views held by their white counterparts. Researchers point to a long history of health, social and economic disparities as the driving force. They found that Black Michiganders were more likely to contract COVID-19 or lose their job as a result of COVID-19 and thereby more likely to comply with regulations.
"Black Americans experience a disproportionately greater rate of preexisting conditions, such as hypertension and diabetes, that place them at an elevated COVID risk," said Kaston Anderson-Carpenter, MSU assistant professor of psychology and study lead author. "Since social determinants of health adversely impact Black Michiganders, adhering to the restrictions may also be perceived as a preventive health measure. Black people who work in essential jobs may also care for family members who have preexisting conditions, which may also influence their adherence to COVID restrictions."
In April, Gov. Gretchen Whitmer created the Michigan Coronavirus Racial Disparities Task Force. It is chaired by Lt. Gov. Garlin Gilchrist, an African American who said in December that he had lost 24 people in his life due to the virus. The task force's interim report released in December detailed a number of actions the state has taken to protect communities of color, frontline workers, and small businesses from the spread of COVID-19. Across the pandemic, "the cumulative COVID-19 case rate in Black and African-American populations has been over 40% higher than the rate in White populations," a portion of the reports reads.
Beyond the politicization of the virus, Anderson-Carpenter and Neal's paper reinforces the national conversation about Black people being disproportionately affected by the virus.
"Very little has happened between May and now to reduce racial disparities or political divisions; if anything, both are now worse than before," Neal said. "Knowing now what was happening then — and, now that we're experiencing another surge in cases — more resources need to go to the Black communities to address both the health and economic impacts of COVID, particularly now that vaccines are available."
By highlighting the impact of partisan perceptions, the researchers hope their study stresses the extensive disparities related to COVID health care and encourages public health officials to focus on providing assistance to Black communities.
"It is imperative to understand how COVID has been politicized in Michigan as a microcosm of the nation, and we hope the study encourages politicians to make COVID a nonpartisan issue," Anderson-Carpenter said.


text:
Knowledge Transfer and the 'Academic Enterprise' in the Algarve: Contributions from Social Studies of Science and Technology to the Understanding of University-Firm Relations
University's everyday life is today transformed in an encompassing domain where diferente types of actors are connected and interrelated. Nevertheless, academic science often feels threatened by the new emerging paradigm characterized by knowledge transfer and the economic exploitation of public research results. This paradigm relates to what can be defined as the 'academic enterprise', the creation of spin-offs, applied research contracts and licensing of industrial property rights of the university. This article explores university-firm relations and tensions, discussing the increased relevance of knowledge transfer. The ideas of Ludwik Fleck, intellectual precursor of Social Studies of Science and Technology, contribute to the understanding of the difficulties of communication between different collectives, their styles of thought and the relevance of 'marginal individuals' in connecting diferente institutional spheres. Based on a qualitative approach to the case study of the University of Algarve (Portugal) and its attempts to create bridges with the business world, the texto illustrates differences between collectives of thought in the 'academic science' and the firm, the recent institutionalization of commercialization of research, and findings for policymaking and management of knowledge transfer activities.
|Date of creation:||28 Nov 2013|
|Contact details of provider:|| Postal: University of Algarve, Faculty of Economics, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal, email of President of the Centre: _EMAIL_|
Phone: +351 289 244 406
Web page: _URL_
More information through EDIRC
When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:ris:cieodp:2013_005. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.
For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: (Silvia Fernandes)
If references are entirely missing, you can add them using this form.


text:
Robert A. was visiting Chicago a few weeks ago and discovered something very interesting. He was sightseeing inside the ornate Chicago Cultural Center and noticed this frieze on the ceiling:
This is the Grand Army of the Republic Rotunda. Taking a closer look at the corner:
Here's a sharp photo someone else took of the Don't Tread on Me frieze.
Is that neat, or what?
Robert and I are intrigued and want to learn more. I've never seen this combination of symbols before. Was it some flourish of the architect? Did the designer make it up, or reproduce it from somewhere?
The Chicago Cultural Center was opened in 1893. It was originally a dual-purpose building: a Chicago public library, and a museum/meeting hall for the Grand Army of the Republic veterans association.
Robert found a booklet entitled "The People's Palace: The Story of the Chicago Cultural Center" which briefly mentions the rotunda:
"At the top of the stairway is the 45-foot by 50-foot Grand Army of the Republic (G.A.R.) Rotunda. The ceiling is embossed with plaster carvings of swords, shields, helmets, and flags. This ornamental heraldry serves to remind viewers of the loss that comes with war."
That's not much, and sounds a little bit like politically-correct pap to me. How does that frieze symbolize the loss that comes with war?
I find it interesting that these symbols aren't from the Civil War. They're from the American Revolution: the Liberty Cap, the Liberty Tree, and our Don't Tread on Me snakes. To the degree that DTOM symbols were used in the Civil War, it's my understanding that they were used by the South, not the North. This dome and hall were funded and used by the GAR, i.e. Union veterans.
Does anyone have insights?