How does First to File affect multiple inventors?
How does first to file affect multiple inventors?
It used to be that if an author/inventor was not listed on the patent the author could lose the patent rights due to the multiple inventor rule.
For example, Advanced Magnetic Closures, Inc. v. Rome Fasteners Corp., 607 F.3d 817 (Fed. Cir. 2010).
Posted 2015-04-17T17:51:51.683
Reputation: 141
1entire case was misrepresentation by inventor and not allowing the original inventor its right. first to file is something different, good question we need some time to comeup with quality answer. – Pushpak – 2015-04-18T11:25:09.380
First to File doesn't have any impact.
Magnetic Closures was about inequitable conduct, effectively deliberately lying to the Patent Office about the inventorship of an application. Inequitable conduct can invalidate a patent. This rule hasn't changed.
Another part of the AIA did impact inventorship, and made correction of inventorship simpler: However, this doesn't enable correction of inventorship where the initial false claim was deliberate.
Posted 2015-04-17T17:51:51.683
Reputation: 166


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Jean Foulds is an abstract painter and sculptor living and working in West Cornwall. Raised in Derbyshire, Jean spent many happy times in Cornwall as a child and remembers seeing Barbara Hepworth directing the loading of a sculpture onto a lorry outside the old dance hall in St. Ives. This inspirational memory together with other experiences and artistic influences have drawn her back to Penwith over the years.
Jean's artistic background is in three-dimensional work, but her M.A. research study involved children's emergent drawing, and the measurement of mental age through creativity. She became fascinated by the amazingly articulate symbols used by young children, who reveal their knowledge and concepts through their drawings as they grow towards our culture. She developed a respect for their ability to convey information with the minimum of symbols, which with increasing literacy is lost in children as they begin to draw what they see, rather than what they know.
Working in the abstract is for Jean a similar intellectual journey; it facilitates intense description of aspects of reality which are inaccessible in representational art. It allows her to express the reality of what she knows and feels, rather than merely to represent a perceived picture; and it allows a freedom of imaginative response for the audience in the search for meaning. Much of her work is influenced by the human form, dance, music, the rhythm of the sea, and by the feeling of being at one with the Penwith coastal landscape.
Jean Foulds
Jean Foulds 004lowres Jean Foulds 005 lowres
"All my early memories are of forms and shapes and textures [...] Feelings about ideas and people and the world all about us struggle inside me to find the evocative symbol..."
Barbara Hepworth


text: Permanent magnet (PM) machines are often preferred in recent technology since their efficiency and power/volume ratio are higher than those of conventional wound-rotor type machines. NdFeB magnets, which are predominantly used in the design of PM machines, are very expensive and make the design costly. Alnico magnets have the potential to be used instead, since they are very cheap and their residual fluxes are as high as those of NdFeB magnets. The major problem is that Alnico magnets have very low resistance to magnetic field reversal, which means they are easily demagnetized. This paper focuses on using Alnico magnets in a PM reluctance generator (PMRG) without encountering demagnetization or performance degradation. The converter accompanying the PMRG allows avoidance of the demagnetization of Alnico magnets by making the currents through the windings unidirectional. Thus, Alnico magnets can be directly used instead of NdFeB magnets without making any modifications on the magnet size or location. The converter also provides independent phase current control to suppress mechanical vibrations due to large torque ripples. The analysis results verify that Alnico magnets can be used in the generator design without losing much generator performance. Therefore, the Alnico-magnet-based PMRG is a promising candidate for designing low-cost generators and is also expected to affect the design trends on wind energy conversion systems (WECSs). (c) 2018 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


"The buffer pool is too full to bring in another page" in IBM Notes client
Technote (troubleshooting)
When saving documents or opening views in the Notes client, the client display the error message "The buffer pool is too full to bring in another page" and the operation might also fail.
This is a memory error, and can occur if the client is using too much memory, e.g. running background agents that require lots of document data in memory simultaneously. However, this has been observed in cases where there wasn't an especially large amount of memory in use, or where nothing has apparently changed from before.
If this is not a case of actually using huge amounts of memory, there are two likely causes:
 - The notes.ini parameter NSF_Buffer_Pool_size_MB has been set to a value that's too low. This is unlikely, because generally this variable isn't set at all, and its default value (which is calculated based on a percentage of available memory) is usually ample for normal use.
 - The system is low on available disk space for swap files. This is the likeliest explanation, especially in cases where the error suddenly started occurring and nothing about the client had changed.
Resolving the problem
Check the notes.ini file for the NSF_Buffer_Pool_size_MB parameter; if it is present, delete it (or comment it out), and restart Notes.
If your OS has a tool for freeing up disk space (e.g. by deleting temporary files), use it.
If freeing disk space doesn't improve matters, it's possible that your Notes client is running some new agent or subprocess that uses a lot of memory. Experiment with the setting NSF_Buffer_Pool_size_MB to different values. However, setting this parameter larger may have adverse effects on other programs.
You might also check whether there are other processes running on your computer that are using particularly large amounts of memory (use Task Manager in Windows, or similar program in other operating systems). See whether shutting down those processes gets rid of this error message.
If Notes itself is using memory in excess of 200MB, disable the ability to run background agents, and see whether that makes a difference. This is menu File / Preferences, Basic Notes Client Configuration, checkbox "Enable scheduled local agents," in the "Startup and shut down" group at the top of that window. Otherwise, consult your local Notes system administrator to determine whether there are additional libraries loading with your Notes client that may be using extra memory, and whether any of them can be disabled.
Document information
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text:
The term codicology is of recent vintage, there being some argument
as to who invented it, the classical philologist Alphonse Dain or
the historian Charles Samaran. It seems likely that Samaran
invented _codicography_, based on _paleography_, and that Dain
invented _codicology_, based on this. It is unimportant at any
rate, the thing having existed long before the name (res ante
nominum, to calque a phrase). See J. P. Gumbert, "Ebert's
Codicology a Hundred and Fifty Years Old," Quaerendo 5 (1975), 336-
39. In German, one spoke long ago of Handschriftenkunde, Buchwesen
and such things, and the term 'archaeology of the book' has been
bandied about. Codicology seems handy, though it must be extended
to include scroll, roll, and other writing materials and modes of
gathering. See: What is Codicology?
1. It is always good to have a taxonomy when approaching a new (or
even an old) subject, and one is provided for codicology by: Denis
Muzerelle, "Le vocabulaire codicologique. Anhang: Lexique
codicologique," Palaeographie 1981. Muenchener Beitraege zur
Mediaevistik und Renaissance-Forschung. 32, ed. Gabriel Silagi
(Munich: Bei der Arbeo-Gesellschaft, 1982), 43-46. A taxonomy based
on this is available in the archives of Medtextl. Each of the
studies on the vocabulary of codicology, of course, offers a sort
of taxonomy. Denis Muzerelle, Vocabulaire codicologique: repertoire
methodique des termes francais relatifs aux manuscrits. Rubricae 1
(Paris: CEMI, 1985). -- Basile Atsalos, La terminologie du livremanuscrit a l'epoque byzantine. 1e partie: termes designant le
livre-manuscrit et l'ecriture. Ellenika 21 (Thessalonika, 1971) --
Robert Devreesse, Introduction a l'etude des manuscrits grecs
(Paris: Klincksieck, 1954), a must.
2. For a gentle introduction, you can't beat one of the pioneers:
Alphonse Dain, Les manuscrits, 2d ed. (Paris: Les Belles Lettres,
1964; originally 1949). An even earlier pioneer is still worth
reading: Theodor Birt, Das antike Buchwesen (Berlin: Hertz, 1892).
Excellent, good coverage.
3. A useful introduction, with a good starting bibliography is:
Jacques Lemaire, Introduction a la codicologie. Universite
Catholique de Louvain, Publications de l'Institut d'Etudes
Medievales, Textes, Etudes, Congres, 6 (Louvain la Neuve, 1989).
Somewhat more restricted, but good: Leon Gilissen, Prolegomenes a
la codicologie: recherches sur la construction des cahiers et la
mise en page des manuscrits medievaux (Gand: Story-Scientia, 1977).
Often cited, though obviously restricted: Malachi Beit-Arie, Hebrew
codicology: tentative typology of technical practices employed in
Hebrew dated medieval manuscripts (Paris: CNRS, 1976). Another:
Johannes Pedersen, The Arabic Book, trn. Geoffrey French (Princeton
University Press, 1984).
a. Doris H. Banks, Medieval Manuscript Bookmaking: A Bibliographic
Guide (Metuchen, NJ: The Scarecrow Press, 1989). Strongly
anglophone, not always trustworthy, somewhat wide-ranging, more a
bibliography of the medieval than bookmaking. You can safely skip
b. John van Hook, "The Indexes to Current Work on the History of
the Book: A Review Article," Analytical and Enumerative
Bibliography ns 6 (1992), 10-19.
5. Encyclopedias: A number of encyclopedic undertakings are worth
keeping in mind:
a. Lexikon des gesamten Buchwesens, ed. Karl Loeffler and Joachim
Kirchner, 3 vols (Leipzig: Hiersemann, 1935-37).
b. Lexikon des Buchwesens, ed. Joachim Kirchner, 4 vols.
(Stuttgart: Hiersemann, 1952-56).
c. Nordisk Leksikon for Bogvaesen, 2 vols. (Stockholm: Foerlaget
d. Handbuch der Bibliothekswissenschaft, founded Fritz Milkau, ed.
Georg Leyh, 3 vols. in 4 (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1950-65). Note
especially vol. 1 "Schrift und Buch". If you can't find it in
Milkau-Leyh, it probably doesn't exist.
e. Geschichte der Textueberlieferung der antiken und
mittelalterlichen Literatur, ed. Herbert Hunger, Karl Langosch et
al., 2 vols (Zuerich: Atlantis Verlag, _PHONE_). Vol. 2 is on
the Middle Ages. One of the great undertakings, but spotty. Do not
6. Books on the book. It is also worthwhile keeping in mind books
written abou the book in general, since many of them take up
a. David Diringer, The Book before Printing (NY: Dover, 1982; a
reprint of his The Hand-Produced Book, 1953). Inexpensive and
b. Curt F. Buehler, Early Books and Manuscripts: Forty Years of
Research (NY: Grolier, 1973). His collected articles.
c. Hendrik D. L. Vervliet, ed. The Book through Five Thousand
Years; A Survey by Fernand Baudin and Others. Intro by Herman
Liebaers, afterword Ruari McLean (London: Phaidon, 1972).
d. The Cambridge History of the Book in Britain (Cambridge: CUP, in
progress) has begun publishing; we look forward this year to two
new volumes of concern to us: 1. The Early Middle Ages, ed. Michael
Lapidge (2000); 2, The Later Middle Ages, ed. Nigel Morgan (2000).
7. You should keep a list of specialized studies, of interest to
you, e.g. pricking: Leslie W. Jones, "Pricking Manuscripts, the
Instruments and their Significance," Speculum 21 (1946), 389-403.
Or even pouncing: Dorothy Miner, "More About Medieval Pouncing,"
Homage to a Bookman, Essays on Manuscript Books and Printing
Written for Hans P. Kraus on his 60th Birthday, ed. Hellmut
Lehmann-Haupt (Berlin: Munn, 1967), 87-107. An example might be
a. David N. Carvalho, Forty Centuries of Ink (NY: Burt Franklin,
1971; reprt. of 1904).
b. Monique Zerdoun Bat-Yehouda, Les encres noires au moyen age.
Editions du CNRS (Paris: CNRS, 1983). Good bibliography, though a
c. For colored inks Daniel V. Thompson, The Materials and
Techniques of Medieval Painting (NY: Dover, 1956; repr. of 1936
book), has not lost its value.
a. Ronald Reed, Ancient Skins, Parchments and Leathers (London:
Seminar Press, 1972).
b. Ronald Reed, The Nature and Making of Parchment (Leeds: Elmete,
c. Peter Ruck, ed. Pergament: Geschichte-Struktur-RestaurierungHerstellung (Sigmaringen: Thorbecke, 1991).
9. There are a number of good books of readings on codicology. Two:
a. Codicologica 1 (1976) is mostly a collection of previously
published works, a kind of status quaestionis report.
b. Griechische Kodikologie und Textueberlieferung, ed. Dieter
Harlfinger (Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1980).
Somewhat larger than the preceeding, good index and bibliography.
10. As markup languages get better and better, one has to keep up
with such things as SGML and TEI. Our best source for this is the
journal Computer in the Humanities, which often even has issues
devoted to one of our subjects, for example, vol. 33, which is
devoted to TEI (Text Encoding Initiative), e.g. Syd Bauman and
Terry Catapano, "TEI

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Last modified: 2011-12-23 by rob raeside
Keywords: vexilloid |
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Smith, 1975, p. 30 defines a vexilloid as:
An object which functions as a flag but differs from it in some respect, usually appearance. Vexilloids are characteristic of traditional societies and often consist of a staff with and emblem, such as a carved animal, at the top."
He further refers to an illustration on p. 13 showing an animal skull tied atop a rough wooden pole, captioned: "Victory over nature and victory over fellow human beings are common themes in flags throughout the history. These prehistoric vexilloids are only earlier, less sophisticated versions of the modern flagpole topped with a golden eagle (or lion or similar beast) and of the flag bearing emblems of warfare and power."
On p. 12 is shown an other primal vexillum - a rough piece of textile dyed red (possibly in the blood of a slain enemy or animal) tied up atop a rough wooden pole.
Other vexilloids shown in his book include: the Roman signum and the Norse metal vane (p.14), the German Schellenbaum (p. 21), set of various vexilloids to which he gave not special names on p. 34: 4th c. Iran, 7th c. England, 13th c. Mongolia, 14th c. Ethiopia, 16th c. Mexico. Also on pp. 34 and 35 are shown various Egyptian vexilloids some thousands years ago. On p. 36 are shown early Chinese vexilloids looking somewhat like large fans, then again various Roman vexillliods, on p. 37 some naval vexilloids on Antique coins. On p. 38 are mentioned parasols ("umbrella") used as vexilloids in SE Asia and West Africa and again some Chinese fans. On pp. 60-61 are stories of the Labarum and Dragon Flag which are on the edge between flags and vexilloids, I guess.
Page 92 repeats the image of the "first flag" captioned: "The first flag to be used on land may well have been a strap of material dyed with the blood of an enemy or slain animal."
On p. 104 are, as example of modern vexilloids shown Nazi standards. Page. 130 shows Roman-Gallic vexilloid with a cock atop, and p. 140 an Italian one. Pp. 164-171 include several Japanese vexilloids used by samurais, and p. 178 shows Soviet metal flags sent to the outer space.
I guess that this covers the topic of vexilloids quite exhaustively. I may
add that the municipal and religious gonfalons especially popular in Italy (and
modern Croatia) are also and edge case between flags and vexilloids - it is the
size of the textile part there that allows them to be counted as flags.
Željko Heimer, 31 January 2004


REVIEW: Is "Our Fair Eden" what lies ahead?
by Kyle Plantz | Thomson Reuters Foundation
Friday, 10 April 2015 11:30 GMT
The year is 2087 and the Earth's climate is in flux, in this dystopian "climate fiction" tale
LONDON (Thomson Reuters Foundation) - The year is 2087 and the Earth's climate is in flux. Manhattan is swamped by the rising Atlantic. The Amazon is essentially a desert. The Gobi Desert is now a tropical paradise and Europe is going through another Ice Age. Everything that once was is no more.
So what happens to the people affected by this tumultuous shift in climate patterns? The United Nations has the answer: colonies called the Eden Projects, allowing humankind to start over and develop new technologies to get out of this mess.
Desh feels lucky to win the lottery to live in Eden Prime, the most famous of the projects, hidden somewhere in Mongolia. However, when he arrives nothing is what it seems. He has to struggle against a corrupt system, plagued by stratified social classes that dominate the culture, all while being constantly watched by the secretive Texan leader, Mother Eden.
That's the plot of Harry Manners' not-so-distant dystopian mystery, "Our Fair Eden", published in March - one of a rash of new "climate fiction" tales. Manners creates a world that feels plausible rather than impossible – a strength – and tries to answer a key question: What would happen if climate change disrupted the world's way of life?
"Our Fair Eden" is a quick, hard-to-put-down read that carries the reader along, wanting to know what will happen next. However, it's thin on how the world got into the shape it is, how people outside of the Eden Projects are living, and what governments are doing to combat the problem.
Manners's story is thrilling, with excellent writing and descriptions. "Extracts" from the main story give the reader a glimpse of how the Projects were created and how Desh ended up at Eden Prime. Some relationships could have been explored more – but Manners gives us a world that could exist.
The author only briefly touches on the actual climate change taking place in his fictitious world, using it more as a justification for his story than actually driving the plot.
That means the reader simply must accept that climate change exists, and that it affects everyone's life. That's not a bad starting point for helping people understand how climate change will affect everyone, and how climate fiction – like some science fiction – can become reality.
Could it encourage people to act now, rather than later, as the United Nations did in the story? It should at least help people ask: Is this the future we want?
Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.


text:
The first widely adopted 8-bit microprocessor was the Intel 8080, being used in many smart cards and hobbyist computers of the late 1970s and early 1980s, often running the CP/M operating system. The Zilog Z80 (compatible with the 8080) and the Motorola 6800 were also used in similar computers. The Z80 and the MOS Technology 6502 8-bit CPUs were widely used in home computers and game consoles of the 70s and 80s. Many 8-bit CPUs or microcontrollers are the basis of today's ubiquitous embedded systems.
There are 28 (256) possible values for 8 bits.(in binary)
About 55% of all CPUs sold in the world are 8-bit microcontrollers or microprocessors.
Examples of 8-bit processors (very incomplete):
Reaching down: 32-bit processors aim for 8 bits: the ongoing effort to supply low-cost, 32-bit processors has them beginning to encroach on the territory that 8-bit processors now own.(design feature)
May 01, 2005; A new breed of low-cost, 32-bit devices is targeting the healthy market share that 8- and 16-bit devices have exclusively...


text:
Q. Our organization has a position called "director's advisor." There are about sixteen such advisors. I am editing a human resources paper on this position, and I have to figure out what the plural should be. There is an argument for making it "director's advisors," on the grounds that the job title itself is immutable, so if the text refers to several of them, an s should simply be placed at the end of the title. However, if there is one farmer and he has a field, it is a "farmer's field." The fields of several farmers would be referred to as "farmers' fields." Any assistance you can give in resolving this issue would be much appreciated!
A. If there is more than one director, then your analogy to farmers' fields is apt, and "directors' advisors" will work. (There's nothing "immutable" about a title that prevents pluralizing it in this way.) If there is only one director, you don't multiply her by having more than one advisor; in that case, the plural is "director's advisors."


text:
The Discovery Approach to NMR: Development of Chemical-Shift Additivity Tables and Application to Product Identification
A discovery-based approach to the preparation and application of chemical-shift additivity tables is presented to give students insight into the development of NMR spectral prediction software. The chemical shift of each proton in meta-dinitrobenzene is first assigned on the basis of the expected coupling constants (ortho, meta, and para) around a benzene ring. These chemical shifts are used to determine the chemical shift additivity for a nitro group ortho, meta, or para to hydrogen on a benzene nucleus. The chemical shift additivities obtained are then used to predict the NMR spectrum of the product of nitration of methylbenzoate.
Bosch, Eric. "The Discovery Approach to NMR: Development of Chemical-Shift Additivity Tables and Application to Product Identification." Journal of Chemical Education 77, no. 7 (2000): 890.
Journal of Chemical Education


text:
LED is also known as light-emitting diodes. Its basic structure is an electroluminescent semiconductor material, a solid-state semiconductor devices which can be directly converted into light. Placed on the shelf with lead, and then surrounded by silicone seal, it can play a role of protecting the internal core, so the LED has good seismic performance. LED heart is a semiconductor chip, one end of the chip attached to a bracket, the end is negative. The other end connected to the power supply is positive, so that the entire chip is encapsulated by epoxy resin.
Led strips are often used to outline the contours of various buildings, construct large-scale lighting patterns, decorate a variety of interior entertainment, home landscaping and other lighting. According to the different use occasions of LED rope lights and its different requirements of the lights, there are high-voltage led strips strips and low-voltage led strips strips. High-voltage led strips strips is also known as AC lights and low-voltage led strips strips is also known as DC lights.
So what is the difference between the two flexible LED rope lights
? What about the pros and cons between the two light? how to choose it?
With 220V voltage work, high voltage led strips strips have some applications risk in some place as they are dangerous voltage; low voltage LED rope light is working in the DC 12V operating voltage which are safe voltage can be applied to various occasions. And it has no dangerous to people.
High-voltage LED rope light installation is relatively simple. You can directly drive it with high-voltage drive. It can can work properly as connect to the 220V power supply, so the general factory can configure directly. You need to install DC power supply installation of the lamp to install low-voltage flexible LED rope light which is relatively complex.
From the point of view of the two led rope lights, their price is almost the same. But the overall cost is not the same. With a high-voltage power supply, a power of high-voltage LED rope light generally can take 30 to 50 meters flexible LED rope light and, relatively speaking, the cost of high voltage voltage is relatively low. With additional external DC power supply, low-voltage led strips strips cost are much higher than the high-voltage led strips strips. Generally, the power of 1 meter 60 beads 5050 lamp is about 12 ~ 14W, which means that every meter light need 15W DC power supply, so the costs of low-voltage led strips strips will increase a lot. So from the overall view, low-cost led strips strips is expensive than the high voltage led strips strips.
The packaging of high-voltage led strips and low-voltage led strips strips are also very different. High-pressure flexible LED rope light can be generally 50 to 100 m / roll; low-voltage led strips strips are about 5 to 10 m / roll. The DC power supply will attenuate greatly if it exceed 10 m.
5.The service life:
The technical life of low-voltage LED rope light will be 50000-100000 hours, and the actual use can also reach 30000-50000 hours. Because of the high voltage, the general service life of high-voltage led strips strips is about 10,000 hours. As it generate more heat than the low-voltage led strips strips which will directly affect the life of high-voltage led strips.
In short, in order to take care of high pressure while installation and maintenance high-voltage LED rope lights, a power supply design (usually resistance step-down) is needed. More LED is string together, if one of the light has problem, it will lead to a loop failure. So the general probability of failure will be higher. The shortcomings of high pressure lights is still very obvious. KTV is recommended to use low-voltage rope light as far as possible.


How To Quit Drinking Alcohol
How To Quit Drinking Alcohol
4 Top Strategies To Help You Stop Drinking.
1.Have A Plan
This is the first and most crucial thing to do before you begin taking that big step and leaving drink in the past. It can be really helpful to take some time to note down your worries / fears about not drinking. If you've tried to give up in the past note down a list of problems you might have experienced / what caused you to relapse? And the third list you need to complete is why you now want to give up - think through all the different unpleasant feelings / side effects you are now experiencing because you drink, over weight? Anxious? Tired all the time, depressed, negative thoughts always in your head, lacking any motivation.
The next step is to look at your first list and face into the reasons why you fear not drinking and start to ask yourself it these are actually things to fear or in fact misjudgements and guesses. Looks at your list of reasons why to quit drinking and start to realise that if you overcome your fears, these can all become a thing of the past. Another great way to start not drinking with a plan at your side is to use our Freedom From Alcohol Calendar – it will support you step by step, day by day as you progress through 30 days sober providing guidance, support and motivation on your journey to freedom from the clutches of alcohol.
The first 72 hours of quitting drinking are normally the most painful part. As your body rids itself of alcohol, you may experience withdrawal the benefits of quitting drinking will soon make themselves known. (If you think you will experience difficulties when stopping drinking alcohol we recommend you seek professional help from a Doctor.)
 1. Cope With Stress Differently
The human body has developed a complex and extensive process of adapting to harmful or dangerous situations created by stress to keep a physiological balance, a state known as homeostasis.
When the body experiences stress, or even perceived stress, it mobilizes a variety of physiological and behavioral changes via the nervous and endocrine systems to achieve a goal of maintaining homeostasis and coping with stress.
Many people who experience stressful situations or perceived threats will turn to alcohol to cope with that stress. The problem with that is alcohol itself can cause stress on the body's physiological balance.
Researchers have found that alcohol takes a psychological and physiological toll on the body and may actually compound the effects of stress.
Practising other ways to deal with stress is a key to freeing your reliance on alcohol to relieve stress.
Emotional Freedom Technique or FT, also known as tapping or psychological acupressure, first came to prominence in the 1990s when developer Gary Craig published information about the therapy on his website. It involves tapping specific points on the body, primarily on the head and the face, in a particular sequence. While doing this, the person focuses on the issue that they wish to treat.
How does EFT work?
According to EFT International, the technique can be helpful for people with, anxiety, depression chronic pain, stress, weight loss issues plus other problems.
As with acupuncture and acupressure, tapping involves the body's energy meridian points, which are a concept in Chinese medicine. Proponents believe them to be areas of the body through which energy flows.
In this theory, blocks or imbalances in the flow of energy lead to ill health. According to EFT advocates, tapping on these meridian points with the fingertips restores the balance of energy to resolve physical and emotional issues.
It can also work in a similar way to mindfulness, as it can draw a person's attention to their body and breathing. It may serve as a mental distraction from the issues that are causing anxiety or stress.
We provide further information about EFT on our website just follow the link… My Sober Support
3.Try Hypnotherapy
Hypnotherapy is an evidence-based treatment for addiction, which can also be used to treat a variety of other psychological difficulties. Hypnotherapy combines the psychological process of hypnosis with psychotherapy. Hypnotherapy is conducted by a trained therapist.
This trance-like state is similar to being completely absorbed in a book, movie, music, or even one's own thoughts or meditations. In this state, you can turn your attention completely inward to find and utilize the natural resources deep within you that can help you to make changes or regain control in certain areas of your life.
While in a hypnotic trance, the person being hypnotized, or hypnotic subject, is more open to suggestion by the hypnotherapist than they are in their usual fully alert state. This relaxed and suggestible state can help people to get a different perspective on their addictive behaviors. What normally seems impossible—like quitting alcohol—can seem achievable and desirable.
Numerous studies have shown that hypnotherapy can appeal to people with addictions since hypnosis can help people strengthen their willpower and use their best judgement in overcoming their addictive urges and cravings. The hypnotic state decreases a persons peripheral awareness, heightening attention to effectively alter the neurophysiological networks capable of rewiring certain patterns and conditioning. This means a person's feelings and behaviors continue to be influenced even after they have come out of a hypnotic trance.
Please take a look at the link below for our owm Freedom From Alcohol – Alcohol Aversion Hypnotherapy Audio Download. For this audio download our in house Practitioner Mike (Accredited Teacher of Mindfulness. Accredited & Registered Trainer of Clinical Hypnotherapy. Registered Hypnotherapy Supervisor) uses a combination of both meditation and hypnosis techniques to provide you with an audio download that can become an invaluable tool to assist you in quitting alcohol for good.
 1. Set Up Your Support System
It is invaluable to have some sort of support network in place when you stop drinking, especially if you have somebody important in your life who is still drinking heavily and not giving you the support you need. Join an online sober community on Facebook or through the internet, consider going to a local AA meeting, attend group counseling, or find a sober Meet Up. Share with and lean on friends and family who DO support you. If you do surround yourself with a healthy set of friends and family who support you and help you, you'll find that:
Facing challenges isn't as difficult. When you are faced with a challenge, you might become overwhelmed and stressed. These feelings might trigger your unhealthy reaction of drinking. Having people to rely on helps you handle the situation. Their insight and assistance make a complicated and emotional situation seem manageable.
Friends help lower anxiety in social situations. You might have started using alcohol to reduce your social anxiety, but it took over your life and caused more anxiety. Having a friend or family member with you in a social setting helps reduce the stress of being alone or feeling awkward.
Family and friends keep you in check. Sometimes you might become a little too confident and fall back into old behavior patterns, which increase your risk of relapse into drinking. A loved one provides valuable insight about your behavior and that can help you address the issues.
You have your own personal cheering section. Having loved ones who support your sobriety is a positive thing, especially when you hit a rough patch. They can empower you to work through the issues that are keeping you down.
Your confidence and self-esteem grow. It feels good to have people who want to be around you and who care for your success. Their presence and active role in your recovery can boost up confidence and self-esteem that alcohol chopped down.
Remember there are so many benefits to stopping drinking, here are just 4 short term benefits you will experience very quickly after quitting drinking:
Reclaim lost time – if you drink say 3 times a week, each time you probably lose about 3 hours of productive time being fuzzy, dulled and on the way to becoming drunk. If you add this up over 1 year you lose a over a month of time to drinking alcohol! A month a year you are continuously negatively effecting your physical and mental health as well.
Meaningful Communication - You will have more meaningful talks. Conversation builds character and makes us grow. Those benefits disappear when you're drunk. Alcohol prevents any meaningful change from talking. It might seem terrifying to meet new people without drinking, but the damage alcohol causes is scarier.
Get rich quickly _ It's easy to spend £100 or more per week as a drinker, especially if you go out. After 6 months, quitting could allow you to afford backpacking around the world. Are you willing to pay £400 a month for health problems?
Sleep better _Alcohol is a depressant, which means it will make you tired. Alcohol also disrupts sleep patterns, throwing off your body's balance. This only adds to the damage alcohol does. Quit drinking and it's a guarantee your sleep quality will increase dramatically.
These are just 4 of so many benefits you will experience – why not start today, don't put it off till tomorrow.
The Sober Wellbeing Calendar


use tube in a sentence, make example sentences of the word a cardboard tube in,
English words and Examples of Usage
Example Sentences for "tube"
We put a cardboard tube in our pet hedgehog's cage for her to play withWe need to buy another tube of toothpaste.
We put a cardboard tube in our pet hedgehog's cage for her to play with.
I can't believe you paid $15 for that small tube of face moisturizer.
I have to buy a new inner tube for my bicycle because my tire is flat.
He was lying unconscious in his hospital bed, and had to be fed through a tube inserted in his nose.
Something is caught in the vacuum tube and I can't clean the carpet.
She looked at about 50 different tubes of paint before finding the colors she wanted.
The bicycle wagons are made with a very strong tubular steel frame.
I bought a handy little pocket-sized tube of toothpaste to take when we go camping.
He was lying in the hospital bed with various tubes running in and out of his nose, mouth and arms.
We're going to stay home, and watch the hockey game on the tube tonight.
There is a Japanese proverb which notes that you can't see the whole sky through a bamboo tube.
H. R. Haldeman observed that once the toothpaste is out of the tube, it is awfully hard to get it back in.
Astronaut John Glenn ate the first meal in space when he ate applesauce squeezed from a tube aboard a rocket in 1962.
B.F. Goodrich announced the development of the tubeless tire in May of 1947.
Example sentences with the tube, a sentence example for tube, and how to make tube in sample sentence, how do I use the word tube in a sentence? How do you spell tube in a sentence? spelling of tube
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Monday, January 14, 2019
Drop in resting energy expenditure with weight loss
The Study
There is evidence that after weight loss, resting energy expenditure (REE) drops to levels lower than predicted. This is a major reason why so many people quickly regain lost weight. In this case-control study, three different groups of subjects had their resting energy expenditure measured. The first group included 34 subjects that had lost over 30 lbs. and kept the weight off for 1 year. The second group included 35 normal weight subjects. The third group included 33 overweight and obese subjects. Resting energy expenditure was predicted by standardized formulas and then precisely measured with indirect calorimetry. There were several interesting results:
-In the subjects that lost at least 30 lbs., there was no significant difference between predicted and measured resting energy expenditure.
-However, in the 34 subjects that had lost over 30 lbs. and kept it off for a year, there was a lot of variability. When comparing the expected to the actual resting energy expenditure, the range was -257 to +163 calories per day.
-In the weight loss maintainers, a lower than predicted REE was positively correlated with maximum weight, maximum BMI and maximum weight lost. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2018; 108:658-66.
Take Home Message
There are 3 really interesting things about this study:
1) The more weight that a subject had to lose, the more severe the reduction in resting energy expenditure. This supports the idea that the more weight you lose, the harder it is to keep it off.
2) Even though these subjects lost a lot of weight, their REE did not drop all that much from what would be expected given their new weight. This is somewhat surprising given previous results.
3) There was a lot of variability in resting energy expenditure after weight loss. The range was 257 calories per day lower than expected to 163 calories higher than expected. It is encouraging that even subjects who had a serious drop in REE were able to maintain their weight loss for over a year. It has been previously argued that a drop in REE makes it impossible to keep lost weight off.
The REE response to weight loss is a fascinating topic that we need to learn more about in order to increase weight loss success. The fact that it varies so much at the individual level is a new concept to me. Is this because of exercise habits, genetics or something else? We'll have to stay tuned as further research evolves on this topic.
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No, it's not the sort of unbalanced from deep-space sci-fi movies. We're talking about the balance one needs to stand. Because while we all know long-term space travel degrades the body — causing your bones to stiffen and your muscles to atrophy — a new "bed rest study" suggests the possibility that extended space missions can affect the inner ear, and result in a decreased ability for people to hold their balance.
Bed rest studies are exactly what they sound like. Remember the news about the study that paid $18,000 to lie in bed for 70 days, about which you likely tweeted jokes for two, maybe three days before moving on to the next thing? This is like that.
For the new study, which will appear in the November 1 edition of the research journal NeuroImage, principal investigator Rachel Seidler of the University of Michigan told Seeker that her team found increasing connectivity in the sensory motor networks in participants' brains. "The brain regions that are controlling movement and processing sensory information for balance and locomotion, during the course of bed rest, start to communicate more than they normally would," Seidler said then.
We can't be sure until we actually observe effects in outer space, but it's possible that the effects of microgravity will be even greater than what was observed in the bed rest study.
While the body may never recover entirely from the ordeal that is space, there's some evidence that the inner-ear will be able to bounce back upon return to Earth (though we still don't quite understand how). Of course, where that leaves future Mars colonists remains to be seen. With physical deterioration, the best means of counteracting these effects seems to be to try to reproduce regular, gravity-informed conditions. As far as the brain goes, we're still kind of figuring it out.
"We think this is actually, potentially, a reflection of how the brain and the body are affecting to this bed rest environment," Seidler told Seeker. "If you imagine reduced sensory input, one way the brain responds to turn up the volume, if you will: That's what we think is happening."
So, by all means, go to Mars like Elon Musk wants you to. But be ready: you just might fall over once you get there.


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About the lab
- Grades: 9-12
- Capacity: 35 students
- Duration: 2.5 hours
- Cost: $300
- Offered Wednesday at 9 a.m.; limited availability
Classes can participate either onsite at the Museum or remotely from a classroom with videoconferencing equipment. Onsite and offsite classrooms will take part at the same time.
Learn more about how the program works
Next Generation Science Standards
Science and Engineering Practices:
Obtaining, evaluating and communicating information
Cause and effect
Systems and system models
Structure and function
Disciplinary Core Ideas:
LS 1: From molecules to organisms; structure and function
LS 3: Heredity; inheritance and variation of traits
ETS2: Links among engineering, technology, science and society
- Increase their understanding of science concepts as they relate to heart surgery.
- Have an increased awareness of STEM careers.
- Have an increased comfort exploring and engaging in the content.
- Have a desire to learn more extending the ideas explored in the lab.
- Work collaboratively with peers.
- Communicate using correct terminology.
- Develop questions regarding anatomy of the heart, careers in the OR, and their personal health.
- Predict and observe what happens during the major steps of the surgery.
- Practice observation skills by recording patient and surgery data.
- Understand how lifestyle choices affect personal health


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Ever wondered how different people's surnames end up as part of the scientific names given to plants and animals? It is considered very bad form to name a new species that you describe after yourself, but someone else might do it for you as a mark of respect. That is what happened to nineteenth century botanical collector and draughtsman to the Colonial Museum and Geological Survey, John Buchanan FLS (_PHONE_).
Unsurprisingly, given the energetic botanical collecting he engaged in as soon as he arrived in New Zealand from Scotland in 1852, most of the species that bear John Buchanan's name are plants. But there is also a predatory sea snail, Antimelatoma buchanani described by Frederick Wollaston Hutton in 1873. Over eighty examples of this marine snail, gathered from Deep Water Cove to Queen Charlotte Sound, are in the mollusc collection at Te Papa.
When Hutton described the features of this new species, he was working as assistant geologist to James Hector in the Geological Survey Department in Wellington. John Buchanan was a colleague whose sharp eye for flora and fauna that might be new to science was much admired. His technical drawing skills were superlative, and he was the illustrator for eighteen issues of the Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute from the date of its first publication in 1868.
The ornamental grass Danthonia buchanani and orange sedge Carex buchanani are also named after John Buchanan, who won the first prize at the Melbourne Exhibition in 1880-81 for his technical ingenuity in producing The Indigenous Grasses of New Zealand. This folio-sized book was nature –printed direct from the specimens themselves, and appeared in three parts in 1878, 1879 and 1880. There is still printer's ink on some of the grasses that Te Papa holds that were used by Buchanan to produce the lithographic plates.
Buchanan sent many of the plants he found back to experts in Glasgow or to Kew Gardens. The lichen Stereocaulon buchanani he sent to James Stirton M.D., who – like Buchananhad become a foundation member of the Glasgow Society of Field Naturalists in 1871. Stirton published his description as Article LIV in Volume 7 of the Transactions, and Buchanan illustrated it.
From his humble beginnings as a designer for printed calico for the textile industry back home in Glasgow, Buchanan reinvented himself as a man of science on emigration to Dunedin in 1852. His drawing skills were his ticket to professional employment opportunities. He worked first on the Reconnaissance Survey with Alexander Garvie, and then was recruited by James Hector M.D. in April 1862 to work as a draughtsman and botanical artist for the Otago Geological Survey.
Hector respected Buchanan's botanical knowledge and commissioned an essay on the botany of Otago for the New Zealand Exhibition in Dunedin in 1865, later to be published in the Transactions. Te Papa has Buchanan's watercolours of the plants which were displayed at the exhibition as part of the work of the survey. Many of these, including Coprosma lucida and Plagianthus lyalli have been loaned to the Hocken Library for the exhibition Art in the Service of Science: Dunedin's John Buchanan, which runs until 9 February 2013.
Corollary to the exhibition, a two day symposium will be convened on 29 and 30 November at Salmond College in Dunedin for researchers to present their work on Buchanan. It includes a presentation by Jim Endersby of Sussex University, whose talk at Otago Museum on Thursday evening is provocatively entitled Imperial Science: the invention of New Zealand plants.
For more on John Buchanan and the symposium you can watch an interview with Linda Tyler here.
Written by Linda Tyler, Director, Centre for Art Research, University of Auckland and Te Papa Research Associate and guest blogger.


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Media Contact: Mike Bradley
Communications and Media Relations
ORNL launches new Center for Radiation Detection Materials and Systems
CRDMS Director Lynn Boatner: "We plan to take on more global challenges." (hi-res image)
The goal of the new Center for Radiation Detection Materials and Systems (CRDMS) is to establish ORNL as the nation's central national laboratory for innovation and development in the field of radiation detection materials and systems.
Center Director Lynn Boatner said the program is the latest chapter in a rich ORNL history of radiation detection research that includes development of technologies for national security, non-proliferation, worker safety, medical imaging and other applications.
"This center takes what is currently a collection of relatively independent projects and pulls them together into a program with more focus on major goals. It will coordinate and concentrate our efforts by bringing together ORNL physicists, chemists, materials scientists, crystal growers, nuclear engineers, and electrical and electronics engineers," said Boatner, a materials physicist in ORNL's Condensed Matter Sciences Division and an ORNL Corporate Fellow.
"There is a lot of expertise here, but we have lacked a cohesive program. Now, in place of individual proposals and relatively small projects, we plan to take on more global challenges."
Radiation detection research at ORNL began with reactor and physics instrumentation developed here in the early 1940's. Today, ORNL is a leader in the technology behind radiation detectors that use scintillators - high density crystal, glass, or polymeric materials that give off photons of light when exposed to radiation. The photons are then amplified and converted to electrons which produce an electrical signal that is measured to give a radiation detection reading.
Radiation detectors are fabricated from a variety of materials and include electronic materials like germanium and cadmium zinc telluride and scintillators such as lanthanum bromide and lutetium silicate. Materials' properties vary widely: germanium detectors have excellent energy resolution but must operate at cryogenic temperatures, while scintillators operate at room temperature but generally have poor energy resolution.
The new center will focus on new crystal growth, fabrication, and characterization methods, continuing an impressive record of scintillator materials development via crystal growth, hot pressing, glass synthesis, sol-gel processes, and other novel methods, Boatner said.
Hot pressing uses pressure and heat to mold ceramic powders to form high density bodies with controlled microstructures. In sol-gel chemistry, nanoparticles are formed in a liquid phase, condensed into a gel, and dried at low temperatures. The process allows scientists to change the structure of the material at the nanoscale (billionth-of-a-meter) and create ceramics at near-room temperature.
At ORNL, Boatner and colleagues are using a hot press-based process to develop a more versatile, faster way to produce large inorganic scintillators by first synthesizing zinc oxide nanoparticles doped with gallium. Sheng Dai, ORNL Chemical Sciences Division, has used sol-gel processes to form both nanocrystalline and glass scintillators.
Boatner said another center priority is to move ORNL technology into the marketplace. Over the years, ORNL scientists have formed companies like ORTEC and TENNELEC for commercial applications of radiation detection technologies.
More recently, Zane Bell, ORNL Nuclear Science and Technology Division, has led the development of a new radiation detector material and detector prototype to be licensed to NucSafe, a local radiation detector manufacturer. Bell also is co-developer of the HotSpotter, an inexpensive, handheld gamma-ray spectrometer that uses a cadmium tungstate scintillator.
Boatner said the new center will hone technologies to detect illicit nuclear threats such as "dirty bombs," locate stolen nuclear weapons, and verify international agreements to dismantle and convert nuclear warheads into fuel for U.S. nuclear power plants.
It also will exploit ORNL's world-class facilities for fabrication and characterization of radiation detector materials, Boatner said. Those facilities include the Environmental Effects Lab, the High Flux Isotope Reactor, the Spallation Neutron Source, the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Leadership Class Computing, and the nation's best facilities for radioisotope preparation and radiation calibration.
"ORNL has the most complete set of materials fabrication capabilities in the nation," Boatner said. "We can do almost every known crystal growth technique, and with the capabilities of HFIR and the SNS, ORNL will have the world's finest neutron analysis tools to characterize properties of new scintillator and electronic radiation detection materials including the purity, structure and performance of crystals."


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Darius Milhaud (French pronunciation: [daʁjys mijo]; 4 September 1892 – 22 June 1974) was a French composer and teacher. He was a member of Les Six—also known as The Group of Six—and one of the most prolific composers of the 20th century. His compositions are influenced by jazz and make use of polytonality. Darius Milhaud is to be counted among the modernist composers.
Life and career
Born in Marseilles to a Jewish family from Aix-en-Provence, Milhaud began as a violinist, later turning to composition instead. Milhaud studied in Paris at the Paris Conservatory where he met his fellow group members Arthur Honegger and Germaine Tailleferre. He studied composition under Charles Widor and harmony and counterpoint with André Gedalge. He also studied privately with Vincent d'Indy. From 1917 to 1919, he served as secretary to Paul Claudel, the eminent poet and dramatist who was then the French ambassador to Brazil, and with whom Milhaud collaborated for many years, setting music for many of Claudel's poems and plays. While in Brazil, they collaborated on a ballet, "L'Homme et son désir."
On his return to France, Milhaud composed works influenced by the Brazilian popular music he had heard, including compositions of Brazilian pianist and composer Ernesto Nazareth. Le bœuf sur le toit includes melodies by Nazareth and other popular Brazilian composers of the time, and evokes the sounds of Carnaval. The recurring theme is, in fact, a Carnaval tune by the name of "The Bull on the Roof" (in Portuguese which he translated to French for the title). He also produced Saudades do Brasil, a suite of twelve dances evoking twelve neighborhoods in Rio. Shortly after the original piano version appeared, he orchestrated the suite.
On a trip to the United States in 1922, Darius Milhaud heard "authentic" jazz for the first time, on the streets of Harlem, which left a great impact on his musical outlook. The following year, he completed his composition La création du monde (The Creation of the World), using ideas and idioms from jazz, cast as a ballet in six continuous dance scenes.
The rise of Nazism forced the Milhauds to leave France in 1940 and emigrate to the United States (his Jewish background made it impossible for Milhaud to return to his native country until after its Liberation). He secured a teaching post at Mills College in Oakland, California, where he compose the opera Bolivar (1943) and collaborated with Henri Temianka and the Paganini Quartet. In an extraordinary concert there in 1949, the Budapest Quartet performed the composer's 14th String Quartet, followed by the Paganini Quartet's performance of his 15th; and then both ensembles played the two pieces together as an octet. The following year, these same pieces were performed at the Aspen Music Festival in Colorado, by the Paganini and Juilliard Quartets.
The jazz pianist Dave Brubeck became one of Milhaud's most famous students when Brubeck furthered his music studies at Mills College in the late 1940s. In a February 2010 interview with Jazzwax, Brubeck said he attended Mills, a women's college (men were allowed in graduate programs), specifically to study with Milhaud, saying, "Milhaud was an enormously gifted classical composer and teacher who loved jazz and incorporated it into his work. My older brother Howard was his assistant and had taken all of his classes." Brubeck named his first son Darius.
Milhaud's former students also include popular songwriter Burt Bacharach. Milhaud told Bacharach, "Don't be afraid of writing something people can remember and whistle. Don't ever feel discomfited by a melody".
Milhaud (like his contemporaries Paul Hindemith, Gian Francesco Malipiero, Alan Hovhaness, Bohuslav Martinů and Heitor Villa-Lobos) was an extremely rapid creator, for whom the art of writing music seemed almost as natural as breathing. His most popular works include Le bœuf sur le toit (a ballet which lent its name to the legendary cabaret frequented by Milhaud and other members of Les Six), La création du monde (a ballet for small orchestra with solo saxophone, influenced by jazz), Scaramouche (for saxophone and piano, also for two pianos), and Saudades do Brasil (dance suite). His autobiography is titled Notes sans musique (Notes Without Music), later revised as Ma vie heureuse (My Happy Life).
From 1947 to 1971, he taught alternate years at Mills and the Paris Conservatoire, until poor health, which caused him to use a wheelchair during his later years (beginning in the 1930s), compelled him to retire. He died in Geneva at the age of 81.
Darius Milhaud was very prolific and composed for a wide range of genres. His opus list ended at 443.
- There is a Darius Milhaud Collection at Mills College in California.
- There is another Darius Milhaud Collection at the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts in New York City.
- The Western Jewish History Center, of the Judah L. Magnes Museum, in Berkeley, California has librettos for Milhaud's opera, David, as well as a program for its American premiere, in Los Angeles, at the Hollywood Bowl, and photocopies of newspaper coverage in the B'nai B'rith Messenger of Los Angeles, of this event (1956) [WJHC Collection Number 1970.002].
- Rasputin (1938)
- Reinhold Brinkmann & Christoph Wolff, Driven into Paradise: The Musical Migration from Nazi Germany to the United States (Berkeley, California: University of California Press, 1999), 133. ISBN 0-520-21413-7
- "Notes Without Music, An Autobiography. Da Capo Press, New York: 1970.
- "Milhaud - La création du monde" (of Darius Milhaud, English language), Pomona College, Department of Music, 1999, webpage: PomonaEdu-Milhaud-Creation.
- The Independent. Obituary, 31 March 2008. London.
- Madeleine and Darius Milhaud, Hélène and Henri Hoppenot, Conversation: Correspondance 1918–1974, complétée par des pages du Journal d'Hélène Hoppenot, ed. Marie France Mousli (Paris: Gallimard, 2006), 182–84.
- Mills College program of August 10, 1949, in Archives of Henri Temianka Estate
- Aspen Institute program of July 26, 1950, in Archives of Henri Temianka Estate
- Mihai Cucos, "A Few Points about Burt Bacharach …", Perspectives of New Music 43, no. 1 (Winter 2005): 198–211. Citation on 200.
- Mihai Cucos, "A Few Points about Burt Bacharach …", Perspectives of New Music 43, no. 1 (Winter 2005): 198–211. Citation on 205.
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Darius Milhaud|
- Complete categorized list of Darius Milhaud's composed works, with opus numbers.
- Darius Milhaud biography and works on the UE website (publisher)
- Biography and audio from Service Sacrée at the Milken Archive of American Jewish Music
- Darius Milhaud 1892–1974 by Ronald Crichton. Musical Times, August 1974.
- The Boeuf Chronicles – How the ox got on the roof: Darius Milhaud and the Brazilian sources of "Le Boeuf sur le Toit" by Daniella Thompson.
- Darius Milhaud's maximum card from Israel
- - Riccardo Caramella performs the Fantaisie pastorale, Suite Provençale, and Le carnaval d'Aix
- - Part 2 of Jazzwax interview with Dave Brubeck, in which Milhaud is discussed in detail.
- (French) A biography of Darius Milhaud, from IRCAM's website.
- Free scores by Darius Milhaud at the International Music Score Library Project
- František Sláma (musician) Archive. More on the history of the Czech Philharmonic between the 1940s and the 1980s: Conductors


DevOps and Security Glossary Terms
Log Levels
What are Log Levels?
Computer system designers implement a logging function into devices and applications that automatically documents events. When an event occurs within an application, the logging function creates a log and adds it to the log file for that application. Many enterprise IT organizations use log aggregation software tools to centralize log data from applications and systems throughout their public and hybrid cloud environments.
Logs can be transmitted across IP networks from the application where they originate to event message collector applications or servers using the Syslog protocol. The Syslog protocol was initially written in 1980 by Eric Allman and has since become the de facto standard for message logging in computing. Systems and application designers write their logging functions in compliance with the Syslog standard, making it easier for downstream log aggregation and analysis tools to effectively normalize, index and analyze the data. In the Syslog standard, each log is assigned a facility code and a log level.
Log levels describe the type and severity of a logged event. In the Syslog standard, there are eight different log levels, each with its own unique conditions. While the meaning ascribed to various log levels is particular to each application, the general purpose of log levels is to categorize event logs according to the severity of impact to users and the urgency of response required by the IT organization.
Why are Log Levels Important?
Log levels are just one of many types of data that are contained within the system and application event logs. Most logs contain at least the following information:
 - The date and time that the event happened
 - A description of the event
 - The log level or severity level
 - An error code, if applicable
 - The name of the user that was logged in when an event occurred
 - The name of the device where the event took place
 - The MAC address or IP address of the network device where the log was generated
Log levels are a fundamental tool for tracking and analyzing events that take place throughout your IT infrastructure and cloud-based computing environments. Log files contain a wealth of information about all of the events that take place within a system and log levels allow users to categorize those events by type and severity so they can be treated accordingly.
Using log levels, a security analyst can look at a single value in an event log and start to determine whether that event needs to be immediately investigated, whether it can be put off for later, or whether it can safely be ignored.
What are the Standard Log Levels?
Application developers and IT organizations are free to customize log levels and categorize log events according to their own specific needs. For applications that log events based on the Syslog standard, there are 8 different log levels that can be used to categorize a log according to its severity:
Emergency logs are given the numerical value "0". This category is assigned when an event log indicates that the system is completely unusable.
Alert logs are given the numerical value "1". This category is assigned when an event log requires an immediate response, such as when a system database becomes corrupted and must be restored to prevent the loss of critical data or services.
Critical logs are given the numerical value "2". This category is assigned for critical errors, such as hardware failure.
Error logs are given the numerical value "3". This category is assigned to event logs that contain an application error message.
Warning logs are given the numerical value "4". Warning conditions are slightly less severe than error conditions. Error conditions happen when an operation fails, while a warning might indicate that an operation will fail in the future if action is not taken now.
Notice logs are given the numerical value "5". They include information about events that may be unusual but are not errors. Notice logs are technically normal, but still significant enough to have their own severity level between information and warning.
Informational logs are given the numerical value "6". They include information about successful operations within the application, such as a successful start, pause, or exit of the application.
Debug logs are given the numerical value "7". These logs typically contain information that is only useful during the debug phase and may be of little value during production.
Log Levels and Log Management
Organizations that maintain a large number of applications in one or more cloud environments use log management to capture event logs from throughout the system, centralize and normalize the data, perform analysis, and extract actionable insights. Log levels play an important role in supporting the log management process at each of its five stages:
 1. Instrument and Collect - IT organizations must implement the appropriate software tools to start collecting log data from different sources in the application stack. A log aggregator application may be configurable to assign specific log levels to event logs based on their content and characteristics.
 2. Centralize and Index - Data from event logs need to be aggregated, organized and indexed in a central location where it can be accessed on a single platform. This allows logs of various log levels from across the network to be analyzed side-by-side, which helps analysts detect patterns that may be connected to security or application performance incidents.
 3. Search and Analyze - Once log data is aggregated and indexed, humans or machines can search through the log files and conduct analysis. The purpose of log analysis is to identify any unexpected application behaviors that might indicate a security threat or poor application performance. Machine learning tools can use pattern recognition to detect underlying performance issues by analyzing large volumes of log data.
 4. Monitor and Alert - Log levels play a central role for organizations that use log management to monitor application status and trigger alerts when outliers, anomalies or suspicious patterns are detected. Log management software tools can be integrated with messaging applications to deliver alerts to security analysts based on log levels. This helps to ensure a rapid response to urgent application-related issues.
 5. Report and Dashboard - Log management software tools can be used to track and report on the frequency of each of the log levels within the aggregated and analyzed event logs. Organizations should work towards minimizing the number of errors that cause business interruptions by proactively addressing application errors that crop up in event logs.
Use Log Levels to Filter Alerts with Sumo Logic
IT organizations can configure log monitoring and alerting functions to notify IT, operators when an event occurs that requires an urgent response. A common risk associated with this type of alert is known as alert fatigue: if IT operators receive too many alerts, they may accidentally overlook important events that require urgent action.
Sumo Logic helps mitigate alert fatigue by using log levels to ensure that IT security and operations teams only receive alerts for events that are genuinely worthy of investigation. IT organizations can also use Sumo Logic to extract event logs with specific log levels and selectively monitor specific types of errors or warnings.
Complete visibility for DevSecOps
Reduce downtime and move from reactive to proactive monitoring.


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17-2011.00 - Aerospace Engineers
Green occupations will likely change as a result of the green economy. Green economy activities and technologies are increasing the demand for occupations, shaping the work and worker requirements needed for occupational performance, or generating new and emerging occupations.
This is a Green Enhanced Skills occupation — green economy activities and technologies are likely to cause significant change to the work and worker requirements. New tasks, skills, knowledge, credentials may be needed. Employment demand remains the same, but there is potential for an increase.
Aerospace engineers work in the following green economy sectors:
- Research, Design, and Consulting Services — This sector encompasses "indirect jobs" to the green economy which includes activities such as energy consulting or research and other related business services.
- Transportation — This sector covers activities related to increasing efficiency and/or reducing environmental impact of various modes of transportation including trucking, mass transit, and freight rail.
They perform these tasks important to the green economy:
- Design new or modify existing aerospace systems to reduce polluting emissions, such as nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide, or smoke emissions.
- Design or engineer filtration systems that reduce harmful emissions.
- Evaluate biofuel performance specifications to determine feasibility for aerospace applications.
- Plan or conduct experimental, environmental, operational, or stress tests on models or prototypes of aircraft or aerospace systems or equipment.
- Research new materials to determine quality or conformance to environmental standards.
- Review aerospace engineering designs to determine how to reduce negative environmental impacts.


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Write It- R-Controlled Vowels
The Make, Take & Teach Write-It cards are ideal for use during your small group instruction or as a literacy center activity when introducing or practicing r-controlled vowels. When you download this activity you'll receive 59 colorful r-controlled vowels Write-It cards. To assemble this activity, simply print, laminate and cut out the cards and bind them together with a 1″ loose leaf ring. Using a dry erase marker, have the students write the correct r-controlled vowel for each picture. Wipe the marker off the cards and they're ready to be used again!


How do i keep a form on top of others
The Form class represents a window within an application. This includes dialog boxes, modeless windows, and Multiple Document Interface client and parent windows. In VB6 you can use a Win32API call to SetWindowPos to get a form to always stay on top. This has been simplified in VB.NET by setting Form's TopMost property as TRUE.
A topmost form is a form that overlaps all the other forms even if it is not the active or foreground form. You can use this property to create a form that is always displayed in your application, such as a MessageBox window.
Public Class Form1
 Dim frm As New Form2
 frm.TopMost = True
 End Sub
End Class (C) 2021 Founded by raps mk
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Goals and Objectives
Bachelor of Arts in Dance
Goal: Liberal Arts-Based Programs of Study
To prepare dance artists, educators and researchers who possess an in-depth and integrated knowledge of dance making and who can critically engage in the aesthetic, cultural and historical contexts of dance as an art form and cultural phenomenon.
- Offer graduate and undergraduate programs of study that are grounded in the values and assumptions of liberal education and are fundamentally process-oriented.
- Create a teaching/learning community that values and fosters diversity and difference as well as encouraging social responsibility.
- Enhance programmatic opportunities by incorporating experiential/real-life academic and artistic content throughout the curriculum.
- Emphasize the creation, development, implementation and assessment of personal pedagogies that have their origins in scholarly practice (art making and research).
Goal: Collaboration, Integration, Interdisciplinarity
To provide a creative and collaborative learning environment which challenges students to develop unified physical, intuitive, and intellectual endeavors.
- Facilitate integrated learning through the development of "networks of content" between and among courses.
- Provide scholarly art making and research opportunities for students to engage in collaborative projects.
- Establish mediums/forums/venues through which interdisciplinary discussions and exchanges can occur.
- Participate in campus opportunities to promote interdisciplinary thinking/doing as related to scholarship, teaching, and service.
- Partner with academic components that encourage interdisciplinary work and provide models of interdisciplinary scholarship and pedagogy.
Goal: Student and Faculty Scholarship
To foster opportunities for faculty and students to engage in scholarly endeavors—art making and research—that will advance the knowledge of dance as a discipline and art form.
- Emphasize praxis1 throughout the curriculum as the foundation for scholarship (art making, research, art making/research, research/art making).
- Create a culture of intellectual possibility that values diversity in qualitative scholarly pursuits and provides opportunities for students to be scholars throughout their programs of study as they experience the processes of choreographing, performing, presenting, writing, designing, and composing their work.
- Mentor students in submitting scholarly work to conferences, festivals, publications, and other art making and research venues.
- Encourage and support faculty scholarship that will enhance the national and international profile and stature of the department of dance and the university.
Goal: Future-Oriented Teaching/Learning
To prepare dance professionals (artists, researchers, educators, leaders) to meet the demands of an ever-changing dance world.
- Weave process-oriented experiences throughout the curriculum, which is designed to educate students for the future by engaging them in such activities as questioning, recontextualizing, discovering problems, solving problems, thinking about their own thinking, and considering ideas from multiple perspectives.
- Create a teaching/learning community that emphasizes personal agency and social responsibility.
- Integrate appropriate uses of technology in teaching, art making and research.
- Utilize online technology to enhance teaching/learning and the exchange of ideas in face-to-face classes while also making courses and programs more accessible to working professionals.
Goal: Leadership, Ethics and Integrity
To provide role models for leadership and the advancement of the significance of dance in society and to emphasize the importance of participating in the profession with the highest regard for ethical practice and integrity.
- Engage students in discussions about artistic integrity and ethics related to and in the context of diverse practical settings and experiences.
- Emphasize the importance of maintaining personal health and wellness through demonstrating a value for diverse body types, attending to health/wellness issues in courses, offering and integrating bodywork in the technique program and communicating current information on issues, programs, and workshops.
- Provide students with opportunities to serve in the role of artistic citizen in practical/experiential settings.
- Maintain active professional roles as faculty in order to share experiences with students and to integrate current knowledge/information in coursework appropriate to the content.
- Provide opportunities for students to have contact with working professionals in the field.
- Ensure ethical practice in research and teaching through careful mentoring/supervision of students and monitoring compliance with the federal laws and institutional policies protecting the rights and welfare of human participants in research.
Goal: Dance in General Education
To provide dance experiences as part of a basic arts education which aim to provide all university students with the knowledge and skills to understand and appreciate the arts.
- Offer both studio and theory courses in a variety of dance forms and formats, including 100% online courses, to fulfill University Core Curriculum requirements.
- Offer dance coursework in support of other university programs such as the BGS and MAT programs.
- Maintain a presence in university-wide courses through serving as guests lecturers and performers.
- Provide formal and informal concerts/performances/lecture demonstrations by students, faculty, and guest artists in a variety of venues and schedules to reach diverse audiences.
- Maintain an active role in governance and policy development through university committee service and leadership.
Goal: Dance Advocacy in Regional, National and International Communities
To provide dance and performance arts programs for festivals and organizations by facilitating student experience in the development and realization of community-based dance programs at the regional, national, and international level.
- Offer a variety of dance experiences and programs to the regional community and provide opportunities for TWU students to teach and organize these programs. Such programs include but are not limited to the: TWU Community Dance Center, Career Day for Dancers, KidsDance: Rhythms for Life, Texas Dance Improvisation Festival, DanceLab, Weekly Improvisational Jam, Dance for the Planet, DanceWorks and International Dance Company lecture-demonstrations and workshops, formal and informal concerts and annual dance guest artist residencies.
- Engage students in organizing and implementing community-based performances in K- 12 schools and various social, residential, and community centers.
- Provide opportunities for students to present their scholarly endeavors (performance and research/writing) at national conferences, festivals, workshops and other venues.
- Provide opportunities for students to share their scholarly work in face-to-face and online formats with international dance communities (Taiwan, Germany, Japan, Korea, New Zealand, Egypt, Poland, etc.)
1: Praxis is defined by Paulo Freire as a teaching/learning process that goes from action to reflection and from reflection upon action to new action. It is used here to emphasize the integration of theory/practice and reflects our search for more inclusive, less oppositional, language to describe our departmental philosophy and pedagogical vision.
Page last updated 4:54 PM, October 10, 2017


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How can I tell if the rock I found is a meteorite?
I have a rock that I think might be a meteorite. How can I tell if it is one? What should I do with it if I'm convinced it's a meteorite and want it to be tested?
My first suggestion would be to look at some web pages describing what to look for when identifying meteorites. Two good places are The Institute of Meteoritics or UCLA Cosmochemistry. These sites describe some of the types of meteorites, some common characteristics of meteorites, and common misconceptions about meteorites. Another good place to look is the Photo Gallery of Meteorwrongs at Washington University. This page has pictures of rocks with specific comments about why researchers do not believe that they are meteorites.
If you you still think you have a meteorite after looking at these pages, my advice would be to call a local university and talk to someone in their geology or astronomy departments. Not all geologists and astronomers have the experience or equipment to analyze meteorites, but you might be lucky and find someone near you who can look at it!
The other option is to send pieces of the meteorite to the addresses given on one of the above websites. These people have agreed to accept samples in the mail and will probably be able to tell you what your rock is.
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If you have a follow-up question concerning the above subject, submit it here. If you have a question about another area of astronomy, find the topic you're interested in from the archive on our site menu, or go here for help.
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There is an apparent need to have pressurants in both pressure fed and pump fed systems. However, since pump fed systems can create the necessary pressure, they can work with less pressurants and lesser storage pressures making tanks thinner. What other differences exist between these two systems within the context of pressurants and would someone care to elaborate on it?
 - $\begingroup$ This could be a related question to " Why do pump and pressure fed liquid engines need to operate at high pressures? " $\endgroup$ – Rajath Pai Mar 25 '19 at 12:33
While you're correct in your assessment of "since pump fed systems can create the necessary pressure, they can work with less pressurants and lesser storage pressures making tanks thinner" you may be missing the degree to which these two differ. Some other concerns exist, but they are secondary - the main issue is the vast difference in pressure needed.
Of top importance in rocketry are the engine thrust and specific impulse - both depending on speed at which the gases are ejected from the nozzle, thrust additionally accounting for mass flow ratio. Directly related to energy of the propellant obtained through combustion, which is derived from combustion temperature and combustion chamber pressure. In short, the higher the chamber pressure the more efficient and more powerful the rocket. There are some more factors to that, but this one is one of most important.
And the fuel and oxidizer must be delivered into the chamber - pushed into it at pressure higher than the combustion chamber pressure plus whatever resistance the plumbing, injectors, possibly regenerative cooling system too, create.
For pump-fed systems, the pressurant needs only to overcome the (minor) resistance of plumbing between the tank and the pump - even less so if the pump provides suction, just assuring so there are no vacuum bubbles which would cause serious trouble, assuring uninterrupted flow with no resistance, and even some help from the pump.
In pressure-fed system the pressurant must overcome the combustion chamber pressure, plus all resistances along the way (injectors etc).
This will result both in the tank being significantly more rugged, holding against pressure equivalent to that of the combustion chamber instead of token increase over ambient, and also it will severely limit the combustion chamber pressure - and as result, the engine efficiency. The short ruggedized piping between the pump and the chamber is much, much smaller than the entire big tank, so one can afford to keep it much thicker and more durable, able to withstand much higher pressures.
Obviously, the trade-off is the cost, complexity and failure modes of the pump. It's a very complex and expensive device that also can fail in many ways pressure fed system wouldn't. (admittedly, it also protects against some failure modes characteristic to pressure-fed systems though.)
 - $\begingroup$ Does scale of the vehicle warrant the usage of one over the other? Pressurant will always be a mass of little value but has a better reliability and less chances of failure due to usage of a simpler system. Do pressurants also help against sloshing and its effects within tanks as the fuel drains. How does pressurant volume and ullage compare in a pump fed system $\endgroup$ – Rajath Pai Mar 26 '19 at 11:22
 - $\begingroup$ _USER_: All very good questions which I believe deserve to be asked on the site and get full answers on their own instead of whatever may fit in the comments. $\endgroup$ – SF. Mar 26 '19 at 11:34
 - $\begingroup$ Thanks for the answer, and I will put them up as questions. $\endgroup$ – Rajath Pai Mar 26 '19 at 12:12
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Tufts University–Pediatric Dentistry
Authors: Jorge Landa, Alfred Rich, and Matthew Finkelman
Rationale: "Currently, dentists and orthodontists rely on subjective visual assessment of the airway extraorally, and by analyzing panoramic radiographs and noting apparent structural and anatomical abnormalities. Once again this current modality of analysis lacks a standardized norm and is subject to human error and thus imprecise. While some recent studies have attempted to bridge this knowledge gap, there is a need to investigate a comprehensive diagnostic tool that is non-invasive and can be coupled with standard dental imaging to formulate the best objective assessment possible. This is where we believe the use of the Acoustic Rhinometer by dentists and orthodontists can serve the greatest benefit to their patients.
"The use of acoustic rhinometry as an adjunct to radiographic examination will provide an objective and non-invasive method to assess the nasal volumetric dimensions. The technique is easy to understand and is not imposing on practitioners or patients. The cross-sectional area and volume of the nasal cavity can be assessed using the acoustic reflections from sound waves emitted from the rhinometer. The computer generated graph of nasal area versus nasal cavity distance plots waves which correspond to particular anatomical landmarks of the nasal cavity. Prior confirmation of the accuracy of these anatomical markers has been confirmed through CT and MRI investigations. The prior studies have provided us with adult norms that can be used for comparison with the readings gathered from the acoustic rhinometer, and a determination can be made as to the patency of the airway. Currently we possess little data on child or adolescent norms, and for this reason continued studies involving the acoustic rhinometer in this age group are indicated.
"It is proposed that using the acoustic rhinometer readings, cephalometric analysis, and ImageJ calculations will yield a correlation between standard dental imaging and examination and airway patency assessment. The need for a definitive and non-invasive evaluation tool conventional to the dental exam can be fulfilled after establishing a relationship between the cephalometric radiographs, panoramic radiographs, and acoustic rhinometer. This comprehensive evaluation method will be instrumental in making multidisciplinary intervention to correct craniofacial abnormalities and nasal airway obstruction."
Conclusion: "While the acoustic rhinometer is not readily available at most dentists' office, the technology is becoming more affordable, and the clinician can acquire the skills and technique necessary to operate the equipment through workshops and practice. Furthermore, the ImageJ program is available for free download from the NIH, and scanned or digital radiographic images can easily be traced in the dental setting. The relationship established between the rhinometer and ImageJ in this project confirms the validity of either or both methods in identifying nasal airway obstruction. By noting the nasal health status of the patient in detail before and throughout treatment, the dentist or orthodontist can properly account for the role of the nasal airway in diagnosis, treatment planning, and outcomes assessments, and make a proper referral to the otolaryngologist for treatment if need be."


Totenkopf Skull Badge for Cap Expand
Totenkopf Skull Badge for Cap
Totenkopf (i.e. skull, literally dead's head) is the German word for the skull and crossbones and death's head symbols. The Totenkopf symbol is an old international symbol for death, the defiance of death, danger, or the dead, as well as piracy.
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In the early days of the NSDAP, Julius Schreck, the leader of the Stabswache (Adolf Hitler's bodyguard unit), resurrected the use of the Totenkopf as the unit's insignia. This unit grew into the Schutzstaffel (SS), which continued to use the Totenkopf as insignia throughout its history. According to a writing by Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler the Totenkopf had the following meaning:
The Skull is the reminder that you shall always be willing to put your self at stake for the life of the whole community.
The Totenkopf was also used as the unit insignia of the Panzer forces of the German Heer (Army), and also by the Panzer units of the Luftwaffe, including those of the elite Fallschirm-Panzer Division 1 Hermann Göring.
Both the 3rd SS Panzer Division of the Waffen-SS, and the World War II era Luftwaffe's 54th Bomber Wing Kampfgeschwader 54 were given the unit name "Totenkopf", and used a strikingly similar-looking graphic skull-crossbones insignia as the SS units of the same name. The 3rd SS Panzer Division also had skull patches on their uniform collars instead of the SS sieg rune.
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Binocular Rivalry
Binocular rivalry is a visual phenomenon that occurs when the eyes (or visual perception) alternately switch between two different images that are being presented to the eyes - particularly images that are being presented together in the form of optical illusions. All of us have probably seen these, most commonly as black and white images that can appear to be different pictures depending on how you look at them. For instance, the Rubin vase image is an example of binocular rivalry. Your visual perception switches from seeing a vase to seeing two people looking at one another.
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The Paris Peace Conference of 1919 and the Challenge of a New World Order
This article is part of the TRAFO series "Emerging Topics. Insights from 'Behind the Scenes'". Today, we put the spotlight on the international conference: "The Paris Peace Conference of 1919 and the Challenge of a New World Order". This event will take place in Paris from June 5th to June 8th 2019.
Please find the call for papers and more information on the conference here.
Axel Dröber is one of the organizers of the conference. He holds a PhD in History and his research interests include the history of war and violence in France of the 19th century and the history of transnational mobility and citizenship in 20th century Europe.
Given that there is already an abundance of research concerned with the Paris Peace Conference, a major event in the history of the 20th century, which new insights and approaches do you hope to uncover with your upcoming conference?
The approach of this conference is twofold. First, the organizers seek to enable a dialogue between both the new diplomatic history and the history of international law. As a matter of fact, both disciplines have already given an important insight into the Paris Peace Conference – as the final chapter of the First World War. But neither research results nor methodological approaches have been compared so far. The second aspect derives directly from the first: we wish to emphasize the question of order. At the Peace Conference, a wide range of political, diplomatic and juridical actors came together, initiated numerous commissions and drafted a new international and global concept.
In the Call for Papers, the "global perspective" is mentioned repeatedly: Why do you think a global perspective is needed and in fact the adequate tool to fully grasp an event such as the Paris Peace Conference?
Once again, the answer involves two aspects and two approaches. On the one hand, our aim is to distinguish the proposals for a new international future from the notion of national interest. We are convinced that the ideas and concepts developed in 1919 went beyond the articulation of security interests. We believe that they rather focused on how to ensure the basis for a durable peace and shared institutions that would help to resolve conflicts by mediation. On the other hand, order is an analytical concept intended to encourage the participants to identify and analyse the shared understandings of the historical actors. We would like to know more about common assumptions, views on the question of war and peace and so on. High expectations often burdened the future peace and led to many confrontations and endless debates among the allied representatives. The compromises achieved by the numerous commissions and under-commissions had a decisive impact on the form and the content of the treaties.
Do you understand your upcoming conference as a contribution to new diplomatic history or do you think the papers and discussions taking place at the event will and should also touch upon other fields of history?
Of course the actors of the Peace Conference and their proposals for a new international law-system and a global order are in the foreground. But we are also seeking new insights into how different social groups like women, workers or colonial subjects were heard. We wish to raise the question of the impact of alternative ideas and concepts on international affairs. And we will discuss how the peace treaties were legitimatised to domestic and international audiences.
Citation: The Paris Peace Conference of 1919 and the Challenge of a New World Order – Interview with Axel Dröber, in: TRAFO – Blog for Transregional Research, 22.03.2018, _URL_


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What is kleptomania?
People with kleptomania cannot resist the urge to steal items for the sake of stealing, not because they need or want the items, or because they cannot afford to buy them. Kleptomania is not the same thing as shoplifting. Most people who shoplift take things they want, need or cannot afford, or — as in the case of some teen shoplifters — because of peer pressure. Kleptomania is a type of impulse control disorder. Impulse control disorders are mental illnesses that involve the repeated failure to resist impulses, or urges, and to act in ways that are dangerous or harmful. People with these disorders know they can hurt themselves or others by acting on the impulses, but they cannot stop themselves.
How common is kleptomania?
Although shoplifting is common, true kleptomania is quite rare (0.3 to 0.6 percent of the general population). It has been estimated that between 4 and 24 percent of shoplifters have kleptomania. It is difficult to know exactly how many people have this disorder because it involves secrecy and deception. Kleptomania seems to be more common in females than in males.
Symptoms and Causes
What causes kleptomania?
Little is known about the exact cause of kleptomania. Researchers are looking at a possible link between impulse control disorders — including kleptomania — and certain chemicals in the brain called neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters help nerve cells in the brain send messages to each other. An imbalance of these chemicals can affect how the brain controls impulses. It is believed that major stress might trigger the impulsive behavior.
People with kleptomania often have other mental disorders as well. The most common are depression, anxiety, eating disorders and substance abuse disorders. This suggests that there also might be a link between these disorders and the development of kleptomania.
What are the symptoms of kleptomania?
A person with kleptomania has a recurring drive to steal that he or she cannot resist. Some people with this disorder might feel guilty afterward and even try to return the objects they steal. Other symptoms that occur with kleptomania include the following:
- Sense of tension and excitement related to the impulse.
- Feeling of relief, satisfaction and/or pleasure after acting on an impulse to steal an item.
- Unplanned stealing that is done on the spur-of-the-moment.
- Stealing that is not done out of anger or to "get back at" someone.
Diagnosis and Tests
How is kleptomania diagnosed?
If symptoms are present, the doctor will begin an evaluation by performing a complete medical history and physical examination. There are no tests — such as X-rays or blood tests — to diagnose kleptomania, although tests might be used to rule out any physical cause for the behavior, such as a head injury or brain disorder.
The doctor might refer the person to a psychiatrist or psychologist (healthcare professionals who are specially trained to diagnose and treat mental illnesses). Psychiatrists and psychologists use specially designed interview and assessment tools to evaluate a person for an impulse control disorder.
Management and Treatment
How is kleptomania treated?
Psychotherapy (a type of counseling) is the main treatment for impulse control disorders. The goal of therapy is to help the person understand why he or she acts on the impulse, and to learn how to respond to the urges in a more appropriate way. It also is important to treat any other disorders that might be present, such as depression or anxiety.
Treatment for kleptomania typically focuses on behavior management. In some cases, medication might be used as part of the treatment program. Certain antidepressant medications, called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), might be useful in helping to curb very intense urges.
Other medications are being studied for use in people with kleptomania. One drug, naltrexone (Revia®, Vivitrol®), has shown some promise in controlling impulse-based behavior. The drug is now used to help alcoholics control the urge to drink.
Can kleptomania be prevented?
There is no known way to prevent kleptomania. However, getting treatment as soon as symptoms appear might help decrease any possible disruption to the person's life, family and friendships. Further, it might be helpful for the person to avoid situations that might trigger the urge to steal; for example, staying away from stores during times of stress.
Outlook / Prognosis
What is the outlook for people with kleptomania?
Treatment for kleptomania has been found to be successful in some cases although, due to the secrecy involved, many people with this disorder never seek treatment at all. Evidence suggests, however, that the impulse to steal might decrease as a person gets older.
People with kleptomania might have problems with relationships due to stealing from their family members and friends. Work-related problems also might occur if a person with kleptomania steals from his or her employer. Because stealing is a crime, people with kleptomania are at risk for legal problems. Often, a person with kleptomania seeks treatment only when forced to do so by the legal system. Kleptomania tends to continue, even if the person has been arrested many times.
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Tags:The First Noel violin lesson,christmas music,how to play The First Noel in violin,Paul Huppert,_URL_
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Hi, this is Paul Huppert with OnlineLessonVideos.com. In this lesson we'll be working on the timeless Christmas tune The First Noel. It will be in the key of D major and we'll be covering two different octave ranges. I hope you enjoy the lesson.
Keep in mind when playing this arrangement of The First Noel that essentially we're using allegato stroke throughout or very singing like tone rather like if you have a paintbrush on your hand you want a lot of pliability or flexibility in the wrist and fingers which tends to soften the bow changes somewhat and make everything a little more seamless. Let's start at the beginning.
And here open A is perfectly fine. You can placendo a bit to this point as the down beat of measure seven and then after that you can taper finishing off the phrase.