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|Look up metonymy in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.|
Metonymy (pron.: // mi-TONN-ə-mee) is a figure of speech used in rhetoric in which a thing or concept is not called by its own name, but by the name of something intimately associated with that thing or concept.
For instance, "Hollywood" is used as a metonym (an instance of metonymy) for the U.S. film industry, because of the fame and cultural identity of Hollywood, a district of the city of Los Angeles, California, as the historical center of film studios and film stars. A building which houses the seat of government or the national capital is often used to represent the government of a country, such as "Westminster" (Parliament of the United Kingdom) or "Washington" (United States government).
The words "metonymy" and "metonym" come from the Greek: μετωνυμία, metōnymía, "a change of name", from μετά, metá, "after, beyond" and -ωνυμία, -ōnymía, a suffix used to name figures of speech, from ὄνῠμα, ónyma or ὄνομα, ónoma, "name." Metonymy also may be instructively contrasted with metaphor. Both figures involve the substitution of one term for another. In metaphor, this substitution is based on some specific similarity, whereas, in metonymy, the substitution is based on some understood association (contiguity).
Cognitive science and linguistics for metaphor and metonymy
Metonymy works by the contiguity (association) between two concepts, whereas metaphor works by the similarity between them. When people use metonymy, they do not typically wish to transfer qualities from one referent to another as they do with metaphor: there is nothing press-like about reporters or crown-like about a monarch, but "the press" and "the crown" are both common metonyms. Of course, metaphors reside in every metonymical phrase, and thus the relationship between "a crown" and a "king" could be interpreted metaphorically (i.e., the king, like his gold crown, could be seemingly stiff yet ultimately malleable, over-ornate, and consistently immobile).
Two examples using the term "fishing" help clarify the distinction. The phrase "to fish pearls" uses metonymy, drawing from "fishing" the idea of taking things from the ocean. What is carried across from "fishing fish" to "fishing pearls" is the domain of metonymy.
In contrast, the metaphorical phrase "fishing for information" transfers the concept of fishing into a new domain. If someone is "fishing" for information, we do not imagine that the person is anywhere near the ocean; rather, we transpose elements of the action of fishing (waiting, hoping to catch something that cannot be seen, probing) into a new domain (a conversation). Thus, metaphor works by presenting a target set of meanings and using them to suggest a similarity between items, actions, or events in two domains, whereas metonymy calls up or references a specific domain (here, removing items from the sea).
Here are some broad kinds of relationships where metonymy is frequently used:
- Containment: When one thing contains another, it can frequently be used metonymically, as when "dish" is used to refer not to a plate but to the food it contains, or as when the name of a building is used to refer to the entity it contains, as when "the White House" or "the Pentagon" are used to refer to the US presidential staff or the military leadership, respectively.
- Tools/Instruments: Often a tool is used to signify the job it does or the person who does the job, as in the phrase "the press" (referring to the printing press), or as in the idiom, "The pen is mightier than the sword."
- Synecdoche: A part of something is often used for the whole, as when people refer to "head" of cattle or assistants are referred to as "hands."
- Toponyms: A country's capital city is frequently used as a metonym for the country's government, such as Washington, D.C. in the United States. Similarly, other important places, such as Wall Street and Hollywood are commonly used to refer to the industries that are located there (finance and entertainment, respectively).
Sometimes, metaphor and metonymy may both be at work in the same figure of speech, or one could interpret a phrase metaphorically or metonymically. For example, the phrase "lend me your ear" could be analyzed in a number of ways. One could imagine the following interpretations:
- Analyze "ear" metonymically first – "ear" means "attention" (because we use ears to pay attention to someone's speech). Now, when we hear the phrase "lending an ear (attention)", we stretch the base meaning of "lend" (to let someone borrow an object) to include the "lending" of non-material things (attention), but, beyond this slight extension of the verb, no metaphor is at work.
- Imagine the whole phrase literally – imagine that the speaker literally borrows the listener's ear as a physical object (and the person's head with it). Then the speaker has temporary possession of the listener's ear, so the listener has granted the speaker temporary control over what the listener hears. We then interpret the phrase "lend me your ear" metaphorically to mean that the speaker wants the listener to grant the speaker temporary control over what the listener hears.
- First, analyze the verb phrase "lend me your ear" metaphorically to mean "turn your ear in my direction", since we know that, literally, lending a body part is nonsensical. Then, analyze the motion of ears metonymically – we associate "turning ears" with "paying attention", which is what the speaker wants the listeners to do.
It is difficult to say which of the above analyses most closely represents the way a listener interprets the expression, and it is possible that the phrase is analysed in different ways by different listeners, or even in different ways by the same listener at different times. Regardless, all three analyses yield the same interpretation; thus, metaphor and metonymy, though quite different in their mechanism, may work together seamlessly. For further analysis of idioms in which metaphor and metonymy work together, including an example very similar to the one given here, read this article entitled Metaphor and Metonymy in Contrast.
The concept of metonymy also informs the nature of polysemy, i.e., how the same phonological form (word) has different semantic mappings (meanings). If the two meanings are unrelated, as in the word pen meaning both writing instrument and enclosure, they are considered homonyms.
Within logical polysemies, a large class of mappings may be considered to be a case of metonymic transfer (e.g., chicken for the animal, as well as its meat; crown for the object, as well as the institution). Other cases wherein the meaning is polysemous, however, may turn out to be more metaphorical, e.g., eye as in the eye of the needle.
Rhetorical strategy
Metonymy also may refer to the rhetorical strategy of describing something indirectly, by referring to things contiguous to it, in either time or space. For example, in Jane Austen's novel Pride and Prejudice, the main character Elizabeth's change of heart and love for her suitor, Mr. Darcy, is first revealed when she sees his house:
They gradually ascended for half-a-mile, and then found themselves at the top of a considerable eminence, where the wood ceased, and the eye was instantly caught by Pemberley House, situated on the opposite side of a valley, into which the road with some abruptness wound. It was a large, handsome stone building, standing well on rising ground, and backed by a ridge of high woody hills; and in front, a stream of some natural importance was swelled into greater, but without any artificial appearance. Its banks were neither formal nor falsely adorned. Elizabeth was delighted. She had never seen a place for which nature had done more, or where natural beauty had been so little counteracted by an awkward taste.
Austen describes the house and Elizabeth's admiration for the estate at length as an indirect way of describing her feelings for Mr. Darcy. One could attempt to read this as an extended metaphor, but such a reading would break down as one tried to find a way to map the elements of her description (rising ground, swollen river) directly to attributes of her suitor. Furthermore, an extended metaphor typically highlights the author's ingenuity by maintaining an unlikely similarity to an unusual degree of detail.
In this description, on the other hand, although there are many elements of the description that we could transfer directly from the grounds to the suitor (natural beauty, lack of artifice), Austen is emphasizing the consistency of the domain of use rather than stretching to make a fresh comparison: each of the things she describes she associates with Darcy, and in the end we feel that Darcy is as beautiful as the place to which he is compared and that he belongs within it. Metonymy of this kind, thus, helps define a person or thing through a set of mutually reinforcing associations rather than through a comparison.
Advertising frequently uses this kind of metonymy, putting a product in close proximity to something desirable in order to make an indirect association that would seem crass if made with a


3D Secure? What is it?
3D Secure is a protocol designed to be an additional security layer for online credit and debit card transactions. The name refers to the "three domains" which interact using the protocol:
 - Merchant/Acquirer domain (the financial institution and merchant to which the money is being paid).
 - Issuer domain (the financial institution which issued the card being used).
 - Interoperability domain (the infrastructure provided by the card scheme, e.g. Mastercard, VISA etc)


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Clinical Decision Making - instructions to candidates
This component of the MCCQE Part I assesses problem-solving and Clinical Decision Making skills. You will be presented with approximately 45 to 55 case descriptions. Each of them is followed by one to four questions that assess key issues in the resolution of the case. Of the 45 to 55 cases, approximately 10 are pilot cases that are not used in the calculation of your final score. There is an average of approximately 80 questions to answer in this component of the exam. You may be asked to elicit clinical information, order diagnostic procedures, make diagnoses, or prescribe therapy. Your decisions should reflect the management of an actual patient. All questions are either in a short-menu or write-in format.
A short-menu question is similar to a Multiple-Choice Question. However, instead of presenting a list of four or five possible answers, a short-menu question typically offers a list of 6 to 40 options. You may be asked to select only one of these options, select up to a specified number, or select as many as are appropriate. Please note that the majority of questions are worded in the plural; for example "treatments", "diagnoses", etc. Even when you are asked to select "treatments", there may be only one correct answer.
A write-in question asks you to supply your answer by typing it in.
To ensure that your write-in answers receive the maximum credit possible, follow these rules:
- Record only one response in each of the boxes provided. If a question instructs you to "List four diagnoses," four boxes will be provided, one for each response. Typing in more than one response in a box will result in you being given a score of zero.
- Be specific. For example, "thyroid disease" is an unacceptable diagnostic response when "hyperthyroidism" is the correct diagnosis.
- If you are asked to list drugs or medications, use generic names. Read such questions carefully to determine if you are also required to specify the route of administration and dosage.
- Word your responses carefully. Correct answers typically consist of single words or short phrases.
How to respond to questions
It is essential that you follow these instructions for each question. The instructions are reflected in the scoring criteria for the questions.
- Some questions specify the exact number of responses to be typed in or to be selected (for example, "List only one"). Exceeding the number of responses requested will result in you being given a score of zero for the entire question, even if your responses include the correct answers.
- Some questions place an upper limit on the number of responses to be typed in or selected (for example, "Select up to six"). Do not exceed that number. However, you may not need to select or list that exact number either; a question instructing you to "Select up to six" may have a correct answer consisting of only three or four responses. Guessing to build your answer up to the permitted number of responses presents the risk of selecting some of the wrong responses. If you select inappropriate investigations or treatments, you could be given a score of zero for that question.
- Some questions leave it to your judgment to type in or select as many responses "as are appropriate". What you deem to be the "appropriate" number should be dictated only by what you would do in the actual clinical situation. You should not be tempted, for example, to provide an excessive number of responses in an effort to ensure that you have included the correct response. The scoring keys for this type of question:
- Set limits on the maximum number of acceptable responses as an excessive number may imply that you would over-investigate a patient
- Penalize inappropriate responses.
In either case, a score of zero will be given.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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The Cattle Raid of Cooley Quiz | Two Week Quiz A
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Two Week Quiz A
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This quiz consists of 5 multiple choice and 5 short answer questions through The Account of the Appearance of Cuchulain | Dubthach's Jealousy.
Multiple Choice Questions
1. What do Medb and Ailill think is responsible for Cuchulain's success in battle?
(a) He has a magic slingshot.
(b) His druids cast battle spells.
(c) His warriors really do all the work.
(d) He has a magic spearlet.
2. Dubthach plots to capture Cuchulain. What does Fergus do?
(a) Kill Dubthach.
(b) Tells Cuchulain what Dubthach is doing.
(c) Kick Dubthach out of the camp.
(d) Join Dubthach in his plot.
3. What is unusual about Cuchulain's hair?
(a) It is very long.
(b) He is almost bald.
(c) It is worn in a ponytail.
(d) It is three different colors.
4. How does Cuchulain kill Mani, Medb and Ailill's son?
(a) He tricks him into retreating and his men kill him.
(b) He creates a flood and Mani drowns in it.
(c) He stabs him with his sword.
(d) He traps him in a wooded area and kills him.
(a) By offering him a bribe.
(b) By pretending to be a holy druid.
(c) By saying he would never kill an unarmed man.
(d) By giving the man his sword.
Short Answer Questions
1. What does Medb offer Cuchulain if he will stop killing her men?
2. In her second disguise, Morrigan is an eel. What does she do to Cuchulain in battle?
3. After Redg the Satirist is killed, how many men do Medb and Ailill send to battle with Cuchulain?
4. Medb and Ailill split into two groups. What does Ailill then do?
5. What is the result of the man of Ireland's dealing with Cuchulain?
(see the answer key)
This section contains 356 words
(approx. 2 pages at 300 words per page)
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Black-crested Titmouse (Baeolophus atricristatus) - wiki
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
[Photo] The Black-crested Titmouse, Baeolophus atricristatus. Source: _URL_
The Black-crested Titmouse, Baeolophus atricristatus (also known as the Mexican Titmouse), is a small songbird, a passerine bird in the tit family Paridae. Once considered a subspecies of the Tufted Titmouse (B. bicolor), it is now recognized as a separate species. It is native to southern Texas, Oklahoma, and east-central Mexico.
The bird is 5.5 to 6 inches long, with rusty flanks, gray upperparts, and a whitish belly. The male has a long, dark black crest that is usually erect, while the female's crest is not as dark. It is common wherever trees grow, whether they are deciduous, heavy timber, or urban shade trees. Its call peter, peter, peter is similar to that of the Tufted Titmouse, but shorter. Its diet consists of berries, nuts, spiders, insects, and insect eggs.
The Black-crested Titmouse nests in tree cavities, telephone poles, fence posts, and bird boxes. The eggs, four to seven of which are laid in March or April, are white with reddish-brown spots.
|The text in this page is based on the copyrighted Wikipedia article shown in above URL. It is used under the GNU Free Documentation License. You may redistribute it, verbatim or modified, providing that you comply with the terms of the GFDL.|

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Limestone mine - During a blast, fly rock left the mine site and struck the windshield of a pick-up truck traveling by on a public road near the mine site. The driver and the passenger both received minor injuries.
- Consider mine specific conditions and rock strata when designing blasts to prevent fly rock. Closely follow mine policies and procedures through all phases
- of the blasting operation.
- Maintain and use all available methods of communication, such as sirens and radios, to warn persons of impending blasting operations.
- Schedule blasting between shifts or on off-shifts. Utilize suitable blast shelters for all persons at the mine site during blasting.
- Take special precautions to ensure that all roadways and regularly traveled areas are blocked to prevent access by persons unaware of an impending blast.


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and InterfaceBuilder under MacOS X we will do the same. Obviously, there is a lot to do to improve this editor and we will leave this as an exercise for the reader. Again, this article is not a tutorial!
Here we go.
Open ProjectCenter.app and create a new project called Editor. Choose a Gorm
Application project at the bottom of the window before saving its name.
This will provide you with an Interfaces item in the left column of
Clicking Interfaces displays Editor.gorm. Double-click Editor.gorm and Gorm.app opens. Select the default window (MyWindow) and using the tool inspector change the name to Editor in Attributes.
From the palette, drag a TextView to the Editor window. The TextView is the biggest object found in the selected palette using the rightmost icon at the top of the Palettes window. Resize this object to make it fill the window, and you are done.
Again, using the GormInternalViewEditor inspector (while the TextView is selected), choose Size and change the values to make them match the Editor window size values. These last are obtained in the same way, that is, selecting the window and checking the size in GormNSWindow inspector. If you do not change the X and Y values, for instance, you will not be able to use the full width of the editor, whether you resize the window or not.
Save all in the Gorm Document menu and quit to go back to ProjectCenter. Select the Build icon and click in the new build icon in the second horizontal half of the window. Everything should go well if you defined the right preferences for your compiler, debugger, etc. For example, using FreeBSD, you must change make to gmake (including the path) clicking in the Settings icon of ProjectCenter. Check also the paths from the Preferences menu in ProjectCenter.
If the built succeeded (it should have!), just do the same with Run and you will see the Editor application. Just play with it, writing, cutting, pasting, etc. Obviously, you can restart it later using the openapp command.
How long did it take? Well, I should say a few minutes.
Nothing much to say since you will have to do the same as above. Here is what
it looks like while designing the GUI:
Now we choose another example from Mike Beam. This time is a full working
application, able to manage data: an address book. Mike's tutorial about the
address book (like every other) is recommended reading to understand how the "thing" works.
Also check the tutorial list since Mike provides different steps of the
developing process for one and the same application allowing to improve it.
Again we create and run the application on both GNUstep and MacOS X.
Like you did for the Editor example, start ProjectCenter.app. Select a Gorm
application and call it AddressBook. From ProjectCenter launch Gorm
by double-clicking in Interfaces -> AddressBook.gorm. Drag a
TableView from the palette to the default window. In other words, follow Mike's
tutorial like you would under MacOS X. You will have to adapt a few things since
they work differently in Gorm and in InterfaceBuilder.
For example, the number of columns in the TableView cannot be defined from the attributes inspector in Gorm. To keep things simple, just copy a column and paste it next to it to get the required number (4 in our case). You should end with something like this:
Mike Beam did the whole job: what else could I add?
Obviously, GNUstep development tools cannot be as ahead as Apple's.
Apple and NeXT represent a 15 years old experience with hundreds of developers.
GNUstep is the work (for free) of a few individuals having to do something else
for a living. Accordingly, do not be surprised to find, for instance, much more
available classes in InterfaceBuilder than in Gorm. Remember, Gorm is at version
0.1.9 (or 0.2.0).
Furthermore, we did the tests the "hard" way. That is, we "ported" from OS X to GNUstep. The other way round would have been easier because of the above mentioned differences between the tools.
For example, porting applications developed under MacOS X 10.2 would be much more difficult since the new Apple development tools have much improved. As already said, there are many new available classes or more elaborated ones.
However, the tools rely on the same philosophy whether they work under GNUstep or MacOS X... and GNUstep improves every day. One thing looks very nice to me: GNUstep people really work together. They do help each other when individual projects are concerned and they also contribute in improving GNUstep core. This is the Free Software way of working I like. Congratulations for such a behavior Mr.Fedor and friends.
The goal of this article was to show the power of the GNUstep "RAD" tools,
Gorm.app and ProjectCenter.app. Despite their "youth" they can help you develop
nice applications in a very easy way.
Futhermore, these tools provide a very pleasant way of working while being very efficient. Objective C is a very compact language and, in my opinion, much easier to learn than C++ for someone with C knowledge (I know, I already said so!). This allows to design nice looking applications (well, it is a matter of taste, but I do love this look and feel) while keeping them rather small in size.
I must admit that I never recovered from the shock I received when I first met the NeXT machine. The fact Apple released a modern version of NeXTstep delights me. This is also why I am very fond of projects such as GNUstep or Window Maker. However, if I love free software I am not a "fundamentalist" and accordingly, I am not against proprietary software (well, maybe a bit against a specific editor... but, just a bit!).
GNUstep can benefit from Apple... but Apple can benefit from GNUstep too. GNUstep is not an Apple competitor, it is free software. As far as I know, free software is widely used in OS X. This to say that bringing even more free software to Apple cannot be a bad thing. What Ludovic and friends did with GNUMail.app is a very good example of what could happen.
"I had a dream"... Apple was providing most of its development tools source code to GNUstep. GNUstep and Apple developers were working together to bring great applications to Unix users. And slowly, people were realizing they could live without Windos...
Unfortunately, it was a dream ;-)
Anyway, if you do not know GNUstep and its applications, feel free to give them a try. Remember, GNUstep is a framework and tools such as Gorm and ProjectCenter provide you with everything to create, to invent. In other words, with a bit of imagination, you can develop "products" much different from what we can see nowadays: Windos applications clones!
We are living in a great time!
To the GNUstep people: A.Fedor, N.Pero, G.Casamento, P.Y.Rivaille, N.Roard, L.Marcotte,
R.Frith-Macdonald, P. C.D.Robert, E.Sersale, A.Froloff, F.Kiefer, M.Viviani,
M.Guesdon and all those I forgot
for the very great job either for the framework or for the applications.
To Window Maker people: A.Kojima, D.Pascu and friends for bringing us a free NeXTstep interface for X.
To J.M.Hullot and B.Serlet for inventing InterfaceBuilder.
To "Steve Jobs INC." for bringing us NeXT, NeXTstep and MacOS X.
To all the people not mentioned here having contributed in making our professional life much less sad.
Webpages maintained by the LinuxFocus Editor team
© Georges Tarbouriech, FDL
2002-12-19, generated by lfparser version 2.35


When you print a document that contains lots of raster data, the generated EMF (Enhanced MetaFile) spool file may become very large, resulting in printing process decreases in performance. This is more noticeable with higher resolutions.
NOTE: Microsoft Word documents and Adobe.pdf files may contain lots of raster data, causing a 1 MB documents to generate a 500 MB EMF spool file.
This behavior occurs because the GDI (Graphics Device Interface) does not compress EMF-related raster data.
To workaround this behavior, bypass EMF spooling:
1. Open the printer's Properties dialog.
2. Select the Advanced tab.
3. Check the Print directly to the printer radial button.
4. Press Apply and OK.
NOTE: When you Print directly to the printer, print processor features, like N-up, Watermark, Booklet printing, Driver collation, and Scale-to-fit, are disabled.


Ways to Lower the Ongoing Costs of Home Ownership
Photo: cwwycoff1
Owning a home is expensive--it's probably your biggest monthly cost, especially if you factor in not just your mortgage payment, but also your property taxes, insurance, electric, gas, trash and water bills. To reduce some of your ongoing home ownership expenses and make your budget more manageable, consider the following possibilities.
1. Challenge your property tax assessment.
Homeowners who think their property tax bill does not accurately reflect their property's value can challenge the assessment. For example, if you recently had your home appraised for a refinance and it shows your home's value is $150,000, and similar homes in your neighborhood have been selling in the $145,000 to $155,000 range, but your property tax bill places your home's value at $175,000, you may be able to use your evidence to successfully argue for a reduction in your property tax bill based on a taxable value of $150,000.
2. Take advantage of every tax deduction you qualify for.
Because of the way the standard deduction works on your income tax return, the mortgage interest tax deduction isn't always as valuable as people think.
However, for homeowners who have significant itemizable expenses in addition to mortgage interest, home ownership typically has ongoing tax benefits. Home-ownership-related tax deductions allow people to take advantage of other deductions they otherwise wouldn't qualify for because they wouldn't itemize. These include property taxes, state income taxes and charitable donations.
For example, if you normally donate $1,000 a year, if you don't itemize, you won't see any tax benefit from your donation even if it's made to a tax-exempt nonprofit. But if you itemize, the same donation costs you less. If you're in the 25% federal tax bracket, your $1,000 donation will save you $250 on your tax bill. You'll achieve the same rate of tax savings on your itemized state income taxes and property taxes.
Here are some other areas where you might be able to reduce your tax bill by itemizing expenses:
-Donating gently used clothes, household items and furniture to charity
-Personal property taxes
-Gambling losses not in excess of gambling winnings
-Interest on money you borrowed to fund investments
3. Refinance.
Even if you have a fixed-rate mortgage, it makes sense to keep an eye on mortgage rates. You never know when they might drop far enough to suddenly make refinancing a smart idea. If you have an FHA loan, you can do an FHA Streamline refinance even if you're underwater. VA loans also have a streamline option, which you can learn more about at VA mortgage options. Refinancing is a great opportunity to increase your monthly cash flow and your long-term net worth by reducing the amount of interest you pay on your mortgage.
Put these savings in your emergency fund and you won't have to borrow money to make home repairs or upgrades. The ability to pay cash will give you even greater savings since you won't have to spend anything on interest payments. Make sure to ask yourself these six questions before you refinance.
4. Don't buy a home warranty.
This advice probably sounds counterintuitive. Wouldn't a home warranty, which provides coverage to repair or replace many of the major systems and appliances in your home for just a few hundred dollars a year, be a great way to keep maintenance costs to a minimum? Unfortunately, home warranty companies have poor reputations when it comes to customer satisfaction, and the contracts contain lots of fine print that lets home warranty companies get out of paying almost any claim at their discretion. You're better off putting the money into a rainy day house fund for handling unforeseen repairs.
A settlement company helps protect your interests at closing
Photo: ntm1909
When you buy or sell a home, escrow is the process that transfers the home from the seller to the buyer. A neutral third party oversees this process.
That third party can be an escrow company, a title company or a real estate attorney. They work with all the parties involved in the transaction to collect all the paperwork and funds necessary to close the deal.
Learn about the key functions of these settlement firms in my Mortgage-Calc.com article, A settlement company helps protect your interests at closing.
What To Do If You Filed Your Taxes Late
Photo: saturnism
This year, your federal income tax return was due on Tuesday, April 17. That's because the usual deadline, April 15, fell on a Sunday, and a federal holiday, Emancipation Day, fell on April 16.
If you didn't file your return on time despite the extra two days, find out what you should do in my article, What To Do If You Filed Your Taxes Late.
The Best Time for Young People to Get a Credit Card
Photo: seniorliving.org
If you think paying with plastic might be the way to go, I have some points to consider in deciding when to get that first card and why. Read more in my Investopedia article, The Best Time for Young People to Get a Credit Card.
A charge card that charges interest? Stay away
Photo: zbigphotography
American Express wants to reward you for learning a bad habit. It's dangling reward points for its existing charge card customers who enroll by June 30 in a program that essentially transforms their plastic into a credit card.
This is a bad idea. Find out why in my Interest.com article, A charge card that charges interest? Stay away.
The Most Common Types of Consumer Fraud
Photo: 04deveni
If you can't rely on government agencies for protection, what can you do?
Become that educated consumer by learning about some of the most common frauds victimizing consumers right now in my article, Most Common Types of Consumer Fraud.
5 Reasons to Use a Real Estate Agent in a Down Market
Photo: thekitchendesigner.org
Some people think that in a down market, the last thing they should be doing is paying a 6% commission to sell their homes.
But going it alone and doing a "for sale by owner" isn't a good idea right now.
Find out why in 5 Reasons to Use a Real Estate Agent in a Down Market.
Buy from Enterprise, score a 1.49% auto loan from PenFed
Photo: Atomic Taco
Pentagon Federal Credit Union is offering a phenomenal interest rate on used-car loans to purchase Enterprise Car Sales vehicles.
Through May 31, you can borrow as much as $70,000 at this low rate for up to 60 months as long as you apply online.
This 1.49% rate is even lower than PenFed's usual great rate of 1.99% on newand used-car loans.
Find out all the details in my Interest.com article, Buy from Enterprise, score a 1.49% auto loan from PenFed.
Three days to swap car loans?
Photo: minds-eye
Find out more about how to get the best auto loan and CarMax's Three-Day Payoff in my Interest.com article, Three days to swap car loans?
Have Housing Prices Bottomed Out?
Photo: Marion Doss
Are we finally starting to recover from the housing crisis?
Find out what the official housing data say and how that information jives with what real estate professionals are saying in my Investopedia article, Have Housing Prices Bottomed Out?
For the greatest college savings, skip this insurance plan
 Photo: mueritz
I don't know about you, but when I see a company use words like "guaranteed return" and "risk free" to refer to an investment product, red flags go up. The only investment I can think of that meets these criteria is an FDIC-insured certificate of deposit.
The Gerber Life College Fund makes these claims. That made me wonder if they were misleading consumers with promises that were too good to be true.
If the claims were true, I wondered, can the Gerber Life College Fund help you save enough to pay for your child to go to college, and will it provide enough life insurance coverage if you die unexpectedly?
See what I found out in my Interest.com article, For the greatest college savings, skip this insurance plan.
I also learned something about options for college savings.
A major advantage of the Gerber Life College Plan over other college savings plans is that the money in this plan isn't considered in calculating a student's college financial need. Better-known college savings plans like 529 plans count against a student's financial aid eligibility. But that doesn't make them an inferior option. In fact, they're better even after the financial aid eligibility hit.
Andrew Schrage, co-owner of the Money Crashers Personal Finance website, says 529 plans are the best college savings plan. He suggests Illinois' Bright Start College Savings Plan and Utah's 529 plans for their low fees, Ohio's plan for "stellar investment options," and Michigan's program if you're risk-averse.
That being said, you can use the money from the Gerber Life College Fund for anything; a downside of 529 plans is that the money must go toward college expenses.
"This can pose an issue if, for some reason, your beneficiary doesn't want or need to attend college," Schrage says.
However, the 529 account can be transferred to another family member, or you can withdraw the money and pay a 10% penalty on the account's earnings. Personally, I would take the chance and put my money in a 529 plan.
Bank Account Tips for Young People
Photo: mwiththeat
Choosing the right bank


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Taking money out of a limited company
There are a number of ways a director can extract money from their limited company.
The money can usually be withdrawn in one or more of the following ways. For most directors, the optimum way to minimise personal tax liabilities will be using a combination of these methods.
 1. Salary, expenses and benefits
 2. Dividends
 3. Director's loan
Salary, expenses and benefits
Directors must ensure they are employed as an employee of their company and their salary is paid via PAYE. Most directors prefer to take a smaller salary and take a larger share of their pay in dividends. This is usually the most tax efficient method, but care needs to be taken based on individual circumstances.
The tax-free dividend allowance is currently £2,000. The tax rate for dividends received in excess of the dividend tax allowance are taxed at: 7.5% for basic rate taxpayers, 32.5% for higher rate taxpayers, and 38.1% for additional rate taxpayers.
To pay a dividend, the company must:
Also, dividends can only be paid if there are sufficient retained profits to cover the payment.
Director's loan
A director's loan account is created when a director (or other close family member) 'borrows' money from their company. Many companies, particularly 'close' private companies, pay for personal expenses of directors using company funds.
Usually, when directors have overdrawn loan accounts, they do not have to pay tax, as long as the sum is repaid to the company within 9 months and one day of the account's reference date.
However, the rules are further complicated if the loan is for more than £10,000 as interest must be charged. There are also further Income Tax costs if the loan is written off or'released' (not repaid) by the company.
Bron: HM Revenue & Customs | 11-05-2021


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Interpreter for Zoom Language
Zoom language is new language developed at DePaul University by Dr. Jia. ZOOM
stands for Z-based Object Oriented Modeling notation. It's made up of 3
different parts: zoom specification notations ZOOM-S, zoom design notation
ZOOM-D and zoom implementation language ZOOM-I. The syntax of ZOOM-I is closely
based on syntax of java language. It adds several extensions to java language
such as enumerations, set and list formations, relations and function mappings
and more. Programming language design is a challenging task. Development and
testing of first implementation of the language is much easier and flexible done
by implementing an interpreter. Changes to static or dynamic semantics of a
language are more easily done in interpreter than compiler.
My project is to implement interpreter for the ZOOM-I language. The interpreter is going to be GUI application with easy development of zoom programs.
working on basic statements and expressions of Zoom-I langauge.
- 5/11/03: basic java statements and expressions for primitive types
- 5/19/03: extended expressions for List declaration and manipulation
- 5/26/03: extended expressions for Set declaration and manipulation
- 5/31/03: Start work on Object oriented features
- 7/31/03: Object-oriented features finished
- 8/01/03: TBD
- Expected Completion: November 2003
- Initial Presentation - Power Point Slides
- David A. Watt & Deryck F. Brown. Programming Language Processors in Java. Prentice Hall, 2000.
- Alfred V. Aho, Ravi Sethi, Jeffrey D. Ullman. Compilers: Principles, Techniques and Tools. Addison-Wesley,1988.
- Ravi Sethi. Programming Languages, Concepts & Constructs. Addison-Wesley, 1996.
- Randy M. Kaplan. Constructing Language Processors for Little Languages. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1994.


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I am doing some literature review on desertification. However, I could not find any information related to my question. Based on my knowledge, barren land faced greater heating and wind than vegetated area but the presence of vegetation can lead to a huge increase in evaporation surface area. They seem to me opposing factors. Based on my intuitive guess, I would say barren land would suffer bigger water loss but has there been any reliable research done on this? Is there a method to calculate and compare the gross water loss of the two scenarios?
I think it is best to introduce some definitions. Often in such studies, two types of evapotranspiration (or evaporation, but I will stick to evapotranspiration during this answer for convenience) are defined: actual and potential evapotranspiration:
Source: presentation called Water resources and their management in Pakistan by Jannat Iftikhar
As you have already stated correctly: when vegetation is present, the surface (generally) holds more water, hence more water is lost to the atmosphere. While barren land experiences more heating and stronger winds, the barren land tends to hold less water to evaporate. Consequently, even though the conditions allow faster and more severe evapotranspiration, there is just no water to evapotranspirate.
The figure below shows an excellent example of this principle for two catchments in Saskatoon. Even though this figure isn't about an area facing desertification, it does exemplify the principle explained above.
Source: An Overview of Temporary Stream Hydrology in Canada (Buttle et al., 2012)
As you can see, the potential evapotranspiration is higher in summer for graph (a), whereas the actual evapotranspiration is higher in graph (b) due to its bigger stock of moisture.
To specify differences with respect to desertification, studies often compare catchments of similar size, meteorological conditions (radiation, precipitation, etc) but with different types of vegetation or different amounts/coverage of vegetation.
For catchments where we have a water surplus, we can check the discharge of that specific catchment and the average precipitation (which produces the discharge when multiplied by the area of the catchment). The difference between the two is the water lost to other processes of which evapotranspiration is the main one.
For the barren land situation, different methods are applied. One could try to calculate the energy balance of the surface based on measured or estimated meteorological and atmospheric parameters. Another option would be to place an evaporation pan, which is basically a flat surface with a layer of water. Subsequently, one can determine how much water is lost from it over a given period of time (taking into account the precipitation).
Iftikhar, J.(2017). Evapotranspiration. Water Resources & their Management in Pakistan.
M Buttle, James & Boon, Sarah & Peters, Daniel & Spence, Christa & van Meerveld, Ilja & Whitfield, Paul. (2012). An Overview of Temporary Stream Hydrology in Canada. Canadian Water Resources Journal.
In general, evapotranspiration from vegetated areas is greater than the bare soil evaporation. You are correct that vegetation will increase the boundary layer and thus reduce evaporation at the ground surface but interception of precipitation will also mean that some of the precipitation will evaporate before it reaches the ground.
There are effects of vegetation type and % ground-cover that usually reduce runoff, but that water infiltrates. Infiltration is important in increasing evapotranspiration over evaporation. The water that moves deep enough into the soil column under bare soil conditions isn't evaporated and is lost to interflow or recharge. Plant roots capture a significant amount of the infiltration so transpiration increases. The deeper the roots, the more infiltration that can be captured.
In addition to what has been (correctly) written in the other answers, I would like to add a couple of figures that could help to understand the dynamics involved:
The first figure is borrowed from this interesting paper
So, as you correctly guessed, bare lands are "hotter" than forested areas. But when you say "barren land faced greater heating and wind than vegetated area", I think you are a little mixing correlation and causality: if the surface is exposed to the same amount of radiations, then the difference in temperature is given by the land cover. The amount of the difference is given by a large number of factors, among which: radiations absorption (including color), topography, composition of the material (rocks, water, soil...), composition of the air surrounding the surface (don't forget that water vapor has a greenhouse effect), area exposed to the radiations, and so on. By the combination of all these variables, the presence of trees results, given the same exposure to solar radiations, in a lower temperature. It is curious to notice that in the figure, the fresher area is the pond... This is due to the thermal inertia of water bodies.
Maintaining the discussion on the forested areas, trees act as a "water pump": they take soil moisture from the soil and circulating it into their branches and leaves (see next figure). This means that they increase the amount of water available in the surface. Moreover, leaves act as a "surface multiplier", in the sense that they offer multiple small surfaces that captures the radiation. In addition, the presence of water transfer some of the heat in form of vapor. Basically, leaves do what a human body would do and control their thermal regulation, also by transpiring large amount of water (see this paper). The cooling effect of the different land cover also influences the winds by altering the convective heat transfer (so, wind is cause and consequence of the "freshness" at the same time).
This figure is taken from Pereira et al. 2017 and its captions states "Schematic of the enthalpy fluxes (all arrows) and water fluxes (all but solid black arrows) that are solved in ED2. The schematic is based on Walko et al. (2000) and Medvigy et al. (2009). (Figure courtesy of Marcos Longo)."
In summary, (oversimplifying) the presence of trees increases the amount of water and the surface exposed to the radiations and this, jointly with many other physical and chemical processes, results in a larger moisture in the air and a larger dispersion of the heat (meaning that locally the forested system is fresher than the one without trees). Answering your question in the title: the presence of trees increases the moisture dispersion in the air. To give a better sense of the effect of the presence of vegetation on the water balance, see the picture below:


A Configuration beyond this begins to become ever more meaningless in terms of a given lifetime, though if any student were interested, the numbers do continue. There is a mathematical meaning behind this sequence. There is also meaning as to why, in the numbers beyond 7, though the Roles repeat there is no Scholar listed. This is because when the Configuration grows to the number 13, Position 4 moves from being considered SUPPORT, to SUPPORTED and is the pivotal factor among the 12 other Positions. We will elaborate on that as time permits, but for now we will begin with the more evident and useful Configurations you may find yourself as part of in daily life. TRIAD The smallest Configuration is a TRIAD. Though we listed the correlations above, in the case of a Triad, the terms above DO NOT APPLY. When 3 people are involved, there are the very basic Positions of POSITIVE – NEGATIVE – NEUTRAL. A group of 3 will ALWAYS be a catalyst for transformation and progression through some kind of Karma, internally or externally. 3, and by extension Karma, is the very basic Configuration that allows this Universe and an Essence to grow. In groups of 3, there will usually be "issues" raised and if the Configuration is serious and committed, each new challenge will take each Fragment forward. We believe the inherent tension found in a group of 3 is where the phrase, "3 is a crowd" comes from. Based on limited time, we will quickly cover each Configuration, and then take your questions. We note here that there are NO WORKING CONFIGURATIONS of 3. QUADRATE The next Configuration is a Quadrate. In a Quadrate, the Common Goal is usually directly linked to each Fragment's own Life Task. Beyond the Quadrate, into higher numbered Configurations, the Life Task is not necessarily linked to the group goal. We say this in reference to Working Configuration ONLY; in a Social Configuration, no personal Life Tasks are necessarily relevant. As we share with you the differing Configurations, we note that EVEN-numbered Configurations up to 10 MUST have all Positions being filled by Physically-incarnate Fragments. ODD-numbered Configurations can tend to have the final, odd-numbered Position filled by non-physical Fragments acting as guides, or the Position may be filled with a Concept/Ideal representing that Position. Even the Configuration of 3 may have only two Physical participants, while the "issue" is the "third position." In most cases, however, ALL Fragments tend to be extant, except in the highly unstable group of 5. Beyond the Configuration of 10, no more "rules" apply except that the BASIC QUADRATE (4) is incarnated. In a group of 4 in either Social or Working Configurations, each will fall into one of the four basic positions inherent to that Configuration: LOVE, KNOWLEDGE, POWER, and SUPPORT. Something unique to the Positions defined in a Quadrate is that EVERY INDIVIDUAL EXTANT falls into one of these basic 4 Social Positions as a means to interact in groups with no specific goal, such as a party, or night out, or reunion, etc. No matter the size of the group, most Social groups with no goal will reduce themselves to smaller interacting groups of 4, and each Fragment interacting will take on one of these 4 Positions, however insignificantly or meaningfully. A Quadrate with a goal may have been behind organizing the event, but subsequent interaction within the event will simply be of basic socializing. We would call this additional level of Configuration with no goal, a "CASUAL Configuration". LOVE Position: This Position is the one who brings the initiation of ideas to the group. They are usually very inspiring and naturally seem to be able to get everyone "psyched up" about something to do. They do not, however, have the ability to actually make the ideas happen. In fact, it is not their "job" at all. In a group of 4, the person who inspires and generates the ideas might be best left to simply doing that. In a Social situation, this person is usually the one who initiates the gathering or comes up with the suggestions for what to do, once gathered. In a basic social situation, this is usually the most humorous, entertaining person in the group; the "social butterfly" who moves from group to group, one conversation to the next, bringing a light air to any gathering. KNOWLEDGE is the person who refines the ideas generated by LOVE. In a basic social situation, a Knowledge person will usually root themselves into a conversation, debate, or discussion with one or two people and remain there for a great deal of the event. They can sometimes become irritated by the whimsical, flittering of Love throughout the groups if this distracts from the more "serious discussions" Knowledge is having. POWER is the one who is in the position to actually make the ideas of Love, refined by Knowledge, happen. In a basic social situation, this person can express in any number of ways, but they are easily the Fragment who ultimately controls the mood and focus of the group/s. They can end the fun as easily as they can sustain it. They can shift the direction as easily as they maintain it. SUPPORT is the mediator and cohesiveness that keeps the group stable. In a basic social situation, this person will gravitate toward any position of the most use. In most cases, they will at least pair themselves with one other person. The Support person is the one who usually gets "stuck" tolerating, or listening to, any of the other Positions as they may express themselves inappropriately or tediously; such as a Knowledge wielding lengthy lectures on topics few are interested in; or the Love Position as they turn to the use obnoxiousness as a means to generate interaction; or Power as they may sit and brood for not getting what they want. Support will either find himself or herself in that situation or in the broader position of making sure everyone is having a good time and happy and taken care of. A Quadrate is the most popular and most stable of all Configurations. It is usually very successful in all endeavors, either as Social or Working Configurations. The Casual Configuration is the root of all basic, stable interactions among groups of Sentience. Incidentally, many successful sitcoms or dramas are rooted primarily in a Quadrate interacting together. Using "I Love Lucy" as the example, LUCY is the LOVE Position, Ricky is the POWER Position, Fred is the SUPPORT Position, and Ethel is the KNOWLEDGE Position. These Positions rotate occasionally, but we are speaking of the characters' interactions as a theme. In general, Love and Power tend to pair up, while Support and Knowledge do so, as experiences are generated and goals undertaken. Love and Knowledge do not necessarily "pair up", but they eventually do tend to lead the group, even if indirectly. Power and Support tend to remain "quieter", though they are the Fragments who usually find each experience's conclusion and resolution. In the example of "Lucy", though "Ethel" and "Lucy" are always leading the group into new adventures, "Ricky" and "Fred" resolve them. When participants in a Quadrate are not available, Love/Power take on either or both Positions, while Knowledge/Support does the same. Though Knowledge could take on Power, or vice versa, and Love/Support can also be exchanged, it is not as comfortable. PENTAGON When a FIFTH Position is added to a Quadrate, it then becomes a Pentangle, or Pentagon. The new Position is called a REVOLUTIONARY. In groups of 5, there will always be one person who challenges the very stability of the focus. In Working Configurations, a Pentagon is either a formidable force, or a direct disaster. In Social situations of 5, there will always be the fifth person, the Revolutionary, who will complain, fall asleep, try to redirect the group, or finally they will simply leave the group. In a successful Working Configuration of 5, the 5th Position is usually filled with a CONCEPT instead of a Person. The Beatles are an example of both a Concept as Revolution, and a Person. The Configuration when it held a 5th person collapsed in stability, but when the Position turned to a Concept, the group excelled in tremendously successful ways. While a Quadrate has a goal of manifesting or accomplishing something, a Pentagon, if seriously undertaken, is out for transforming things on great levels. SEXTET The next Configuration is a SEXTET, adding the Position of the Integrator. The Integrator becomes the strength and higher inspiration for longer-term sustenance of that Configuration. Usually, because of the inherent instability of a Pentagon, at some point, it will either shift to a Quadrate, or bring in an Integrator. A Sextet, then, is the next most popular and successful Working Configuration. The highly successful series called "FRIENDS" is a good example. This example of a Working Configuration of the characters is as follows: LOVE: Rachel KNOWLEDGE: Ross POWER: Monica SUPPORT: Chandler Revolutionary: Joey Integrator: Phoebe SEPTET The final Configuration we will comment on tonight will be the SEPTET, adding the Position of LEADER. A Septet's Goal is usually one that is based in SEARCH and DISCOVERY. Most teams of 7 are based in a common goal of seeking, exploring, discovering. Many Septets are involved in medicine, science, and metaphysics, as you may have assumed. The highly successful series of Star Trek is based primarily in Septets. The LEADER


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The farady experiment is actually a pretty long one. So as not being in my course and beyond my historical scope. This post only covers essential edited out parts of the experiment that gave us modern definition of electric flux.
Around 1837 as in my knowledge through wikipedia. Michael Farady become very interested in static electric fields and effect of various insulating materials on these fields which led to his experiement.
His Experiement then essentially consisted of following steps:
- He had a pair of concentric metallic spheres constructed, the outer consisting of 2 hemisphere that can be clamped to each other. He also preapared shells of insulating material which would occupy the whole volume between the concentric spheres. He dismantled it and gave the inner sphere a given positive charge.
- The hemisphere were then clamped together around the charged sphere with about 2 cm of dielectric between them.
- The outer sphere was discharged by connecting it momentorily to the ground.
- The outer sphere was seperated carefully without disturbing the charge in the inner sphere. The negative induced charge in each of the sphere was measured.
Faraday found out that:
- The total charge on the outer sphere was equal in magnitude with the original charge of inner sphere and this was true regardless of dielectric kept in between them.
- So it was concluded that the charge underwent to some displacement which was named as electric flux, or displacement flux.
This experiments gave way to the definition of electric flux.


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The client, leveraged its key technologies such as adhesives and coating and expanded globally across various industries including electronics, automotive, housing, infrastructure, environmental, and medical. The company's R&D centre developed a point-of-care Microalbumin testing device. As part of its overall growth strategy, the client wanted to launch this device in India and in the UAE
The top management requested UC Strategy to "Develop a Market Entry Strategy for the point-of-care testing device" with the following strategic questions to be answered across UAE:
- What is the current physician prescription trends for point of care (POC) testing devices?
- What is the current market segmentation for the POC testing devices?
- What is the prescription behaviour of general physicians and their key purchase criteria or barriers to adoption for the same?
- What is current distribution structure and dynamics for the POC testing devices?
- What is the regulatory landscape governing the POC testing devices?
- What is the competitive landscape for the point-of-care microalbumin testing devices and what are the key success factors for the same?
- What should be its entry strategy in these markets (including route to market, in-house vs outsourced manufacturing, etc.)
In line with the above approach, the UC Strategy team conducted primary research with ~25 respondents in Dubai. Along with interviews with clinicians such as general physicians, diabetologists and specialists, UC Strategy also interviewed with personnel from the regulatory authority, insurance companies, diagnostic laboratories, manufacturers and pharmacies.
The client was provided with a synthesis of findings from the city of Dubai.


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Portrait of George Washington (Athenaeum Type)Made in United States, North and Central America
Gilbert Charles Stuart, American, 1755 - 1828
Oil on canvas
Currently not on view
2007-13-1Gift of the Honorable Walter H. Annenberg and Leonore Annenberg and the Annenberg Foundation, 2007
LabelGilbert Stuart's life portrait of Washington, painted in 1796 in his studio in the Germantown area of Philadelphia, was destined to become the most famous likeness of the nation's first president. It has long been displayed on America's dollar bill, and it was repeatedly copied by Stuart himself, as well as by many artists in the United States and overseas.
Born in Rhode Island, Stuart gained an international reputation in London and Ireland for his ability to capture the likeness and character of his sitters. He came to Philadelphia on a personal mission to paint the country's first head of state, and was inundated with orders for replicas, which he ultimately came to refer to as his "hundred dollar bills." This version was commissioned about 1800 by John Dunn, a young attorney and member of the Irish Parliament who came to the United States between 1797 and 1802 to study Native American languages.


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A flower garden can bring beauty to the landscape as the flowers attract bird, bees and butterflies. Flowers can also cut for use in floral arrangement or dried for use in wreaths. Despite their beauty and useful purposes, there can be disadvantage of flowers.
Some flowers, like purple loosestrife or dame's rocket, self-seed to repopulate not only the area surrounding the plant, but the seeds can float on the wind or water, or be carried by animals or people to others areas where they drop and take root. Vines, like Asian or Japanese honeysuckle, grow quickly and drop seed. The base of a honeysuckle vine can become very dense, requiring a chain saw to remove it. Ground covers, like periwinkle, can create dense surface stems and underground rooting systems making them difficult to eradicate. Ground cover may also prevent nutrients from reaching surrounding plants. The rooting systems of plants like yucca extend under the ground to surface, sending up new shoots several feet away from the main plant. Those new shoots can root and send out more underground threads that will subsequently sprout above ground, root and continue the spreading cycle.
Nature has given some plants protection from animals through poisonous foliage. Lily of the valley is a pleasantly scented, spring perennial. Digestive upset and irregular heart beat can occur if the foliage of lily of the valley is eaten. Consuming the leaves of foxglove, a tall perennial flower, can cause the heart to beat so irregularly, it could be fatal. Seek immediate medical attention for anyone thought to have eaten any part of poisonous plants.
Flowers produce pollen as part of their reproductive process. For individuals sensitive to flower pollen, blooming flowers like dahlia or sunflower can cause sneezing, itchy eyes or runny nose. In addition to pollen allergies that affect the body through inhalation, some plants can cause skin irritation when touched. The foliage of sweet alyssum, an annual ground cover, may cause skin irritation if touched. Handling chrysanthemum or the leaves of sunflower can cause skin rash in some individuals.
Prickly flowers stems, like those of roses and bougainvilleas, can poke through the skin if not handled carefully. The stiff, pointed sword-like leaves of yucca can hurt if brushed against.


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Researchers have identified a protein they say could be the key to combating a deadly flesh-eating bacteria for which treatments remain severely lacking.
The bacteria, clostridium perfringens, is a common cause of food poisoning but in severe cases can lead to deadly infections, such as gangrene and sepsis.
For most the bacteria is fairly harmless, but it can lead to fatal complications and is particularly dangerous for the immunocompromised, elderly, children and pregnant women.
A team of scientists from the Australian National University has identified a protein inside the human immune system, known as NLRP3, its says detects toxin deployed by the bacteria and activates an immune response.
Issues arise because of the protein's tendency to become "over-activated" in its response to the toxins, hijacking the body's natural safety mechanisms and causing complications.
The study's authors described NLRP3 as a fire detector interpreting smoke from a barbecue as a fire and causing chaos for the homeowner.
Anukriti Mathur, from the ANU John Curtin School of Medical Research said the the study would help prevent conditions caused by the overactive protein, such as muscle necrosis, which has a 50 per cent mortality rate.
"By understanding the role NLRP3 plays in detecting these deadly toxins and the defensive mechanisms it activates to protect the body, we can start to develop new techniques that target the protein and 'dampen' its overactive response," he said.
"This would not only help prevent the body from triggering extreme and potentially deadly reactions to infection, but it could also help us find new ways to outsmart the bacteria and potentially develop new treatments."
The team tested their theory on mice as well as human cells and said the results were very encouraging.
"When we had a drug that was able to control the activity of this protein so it was not not damaging the body, it was able to help the organism survive longer," Dr Mathur said.
The drug is in clinical trials in collaboration with researchers at the University of Queensland.


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Focus on APS Topical Groups
Group on Few Body Systems
By Michael Lucibella
A notable moment for the APS Topical Group on Few Body Systems (GFB) came at the 1989 APS meeting in Baltimore, where the group sponsored a now famous symposium on cold fusion. The subject was all over the media after Martin Fleischmann and Stanley Pons controversially claimed to have produced fusion in their lab. At the high profile meeting, eight of the nine speakers refuted the Fleischmann-Pons claims, roundly rejecting the recent cold fusion assertions.
This year marks the 25th anniversary of GFB. The Group's main purpose has always been to bring together a broad range of scientists who work on atomic and subatomic systems involving three or more particles. By taking this interdisciplinary approach to research, GFB may be the most scientifically diverse of all topical groups.
Few body systems can yield some of the most fiendishly complex problems to work with. Single and two body systems involve only a small number of variables while much larger systems can be simplified by studying their overall dynamics statistically. That middle range is where the number of variables quickly becomes overwhelming and has often stymied attempts to precisely model atomic and nuclear behavior. But results in this area have led to advances in fusion research and an overall better picture of the universe. Few body interactions between hydrogen and helium atoms play an important role throughout the observable cosmos.
Bringing together a wide variety of scientific disciplines to the group has allowed the sharing of techniques that work across many fields. Though the forces acting between different particles may differ, the tools and methods for calculating their properties are often the same. This allows disciplines ranging from atomic physics to physical chemistry to come together and share their knowledge.
The group can trace its origins back to several older organizations. Starting in 1965, the International Few Body Conferences, typically occurring every two years, served as the major gathering for physicists working on various few body problems and research. Nuclear physicists made up the audience of the first two meetings, before other fields began to filter in by 1974.
A few years later in 1977 theoretical chemist Don Kouri and nuclear theorist Yeong Kim submitted a proposal to the Gordon Research Foundation to create a parallel series of interdisciplinary conferences on few body physics. These conferences laid the groundwork for the later GFB by enthusiastically reaching out to different fields. One of the core principles of these Gordon Conferences was to keep the presentations on a reasonably technical level so that the chemists could fully understand the physicists' presentations and vice-versa.
In 1982, however, the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP), acting under the recommendation of the APS Division of Nuclear Physics, refused to sponsor the tenth Conference on the Few Body Problem. The IUPAP said that there had been too many such conferences and demanded a three-year hiatus. To combat this unwelcome intrusion, participants at the 1984 Gordon Conference circulated a petition asking APS to dedicate one of its newly announced Topical Groups to Few Body Physics.
Frank Levin, Founding Chairman of the GFB, remembers the petition well, "The response of the attendees at the 1984 Gordon Conference was overwhelmingly positive–I think everyone signed the petition urging the formation of the GFB–and of course the rest is history."
Since its inception twenty-five years ago, GFB has stayed true to its interdisciplinary approach to few body problems. Today the group is made up mostly of nuclear and atomic physicists, but also incorporates members in molecular physics, physical chemistry, particle physics, and even some specialists in condensed matter research.
"The group's main focus was and I believe still is to be an umbrella organization that brings together researchers in different disciplines…who work on few-body problems and multiparticle dynamics," Levin said.
While the group's focus may not have changed over the years, the technology and methodology certainly has. An infusion of better computing power and more accurate measurements has brought a previously unheard of level of precision to the complex field.
"When we started, two and three body problems were the limit of what we could do," said Wayne Polyzou of the University of Iowa, current Chair of the Group, adding that computers now can calculate the interactions of up to ten bodies, "This has transformed nuclear physics from twenty-five years ago from a qualitative type of science to something more quantitative."
One of the major issues facing the Few Body Group has been low membership rates in recent years. The group grew initially from its start of around 100 members, but then began to plateau. Today, at 310 members, it is the smallest topical group, just passing the minimum of 300 required members. The Gordon Conferences have been discontinued because of low attendance.
"I am quite hopeful that we can bring it back up," said Ravi Rau, Chair Elect, "We used to be a bit larger. We've always been small."
The Group is always tirelessly recruiting. At the upcoming April Meeting, clipboards will be circulated at workshops that would be interesting to potential members of GFB. In addition, members of the group plan on vigorously appealing to students, since they are allowed to be members of up to two APS units free of charge.
Members of the group are always pushing the limits of precision. "When you deal with small systems, you can do complete calculations and measurements" Polyzou said, "You really can do realistic physics."


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What color is E major?
This question will leave many listeners bemused. Yet, for the American composer Michael Torke, the key of E is inextricably linked with the color green. Torke experiences synesthesia, a neurological condition that Dr. Oliver Sachs defined as "an immediate, physiological coupling of two sorts of sensation." It's a blending of the senses that other composers such as Liszt, Scriabin, Sibelius, and Duke Ellington reportedly experienced.
Synesthesia inspired the titles of five orchestral "color" pieces Michael Torke composed in the mid-to-late 1980s. Yet, in interviews, Torke downplays the relevance of these highly personal associations. The deeper impetus for this music was the challenge of working within a self-imposed constraint. (The architect Frank Gehry believes that "limitations and constraints" spur creativity). Torke determined that each piece in the cycle would remain firmly rooted in a single key. It was a thrilling, one-time experiment which challenged convention. Rather than setting out on a linear journey that might unfold over a series of modulations, Torke takes us to "a really good party" where we want to stay.
In Green, which was premiered by the Milwaukee Symphony Orchestra in 1986, a motif made up of five pitches opens the door to thrilling and adventurous development. The initial bars suggest the pulsating patterns and long tones we hear in the early minimalism of Steve Reich and John Adams. The music which follows is dizzying, celebratory, and larger-than-life. Strands of counterpoint from a distant, indistinguishable classical symphony meet splashy film score fragments. Green unleashes an exhilarating, unstoppable energy. The combination of its moving parts, which include weaving canonic lines and teeming rhythmic layers, gives us the sense that the "on" switch has been flipped on a massive, thrilling machine.
Here is an excerpt from the composer's program notes:
Green implies a kind of inexperienced freshness, something that is unseasoned and youthful. But the color green for me associates with the key of E major, and Green continues my exploration of writing energetic, single movement orchestral pieces that celebrate without modulation a single color.
The piece is literally monothematic. The simple melody (F#-A-D#-E-B) always appears in some register, at some speed, with some kind of rhythmic character, with various dispositions. In some parts it combines with itself to form a kind of three part round, with each voice at a proportionately different tempo. Many times these melody notes are harmonized with simple tonic and dominant seven chords. The repeated and often frenzied use of these basic consonant building blocks creates a kind of mounting tension, which ironically finds relief in the more harmonically complex second group, where dissonant string chords are used in an expressive, but more relaxed way. This result is the opposite of the fundamental law of harmony: that dissonance creates tension and consonance relieves tension.
Here is David Zinman's recording with the Baltimore Symphony Orchestra:
- Torke: Green, David Zinman, Baltimore Symphony Orchestra Amazon
Featured Image: landscape watercolor, Michael Graves


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support for loci across the studies. I think it likely that when this is done there will be genes that receive support from both data sets.
It is wrong to focus just on top hit(s) because in complex genetics you do not expect the same top signals to arise in each data set examined. This is the experience in diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, where several susceptibility genes are robustly known. Even in very large data sets (larger than that of Baum et al.), a particular robustly known gene may not show a strong signal.
Q: When will the data become available to other researchers?
A: Researchers can apply for access to the data, and details are given in the paper. The process should not take long.


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Note that when x = 2, y = 3 (why?). Mark the point (2, 3) with a small coloured-in circle (called a closed circle) (do you see where this point comes from?). Do this in pen. This circle means that the point is included.
From the point (2, 3) onwards, ink the line with a pen.
Rub out the pencil bit that's left.
The range is all the y values. Look at the graph. Do you see that? That's the range.


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Company Overview: We are a dynamic and innovative Technology SaaS company at the forefront of industry transformation. Our cutting-edge solutions empower businesses to thrive in the digital age. As we continue to expand, we are seeking a skilled and experienced Part-Time Finance Director to join our team remotely in the UK.
As the Finance Director focused on Investor Relations and Fundraising, you will be a key player in our growth journey, responsible for attracting investment capital and building strong relationships with investors.
This role presents an exciting opportunity to contribute to our financial strategy while enjoying the flexibility of remote work.
Position: Part-Time Finance Director
Location: Fully Remote (UK) Type: Part-Time
Role and Responsibilities:
As the Part-Time Finance Director, you will play a pivotal role in shaping our financial strategy and ensuring the long-term financial sustainability of the organisation. You will work closely with our executive team and contribute to key decision-making processes. Your responsibilities will include:
- Financial Strategy and Planning:
- Collaborate with the executive team to develop and execute financial strategies aligned with business objectives.
- Lead the budgeting and forecasting processes, providing accurate and insightful financial projections.
- Monitor financial performance and variances, analyzing trends and making strategic recommendations.
- Financial Reporting and Analysis:
- Prepare comprehensive financial reports, including profit and loss statements, balance sheets, and cash flow statements.
- Provide actionable insights based on financial analysis to support strategic decision-making.
- Ensure compliance with accounting standards, regulations, and reporting requirements.
- Cash Management and Risk Mitigation:
- Manage cash flow and liquidity, optimizing working capital efficiency.
- Identify and manage financial risks, implementing strategies to mitigate potential issues.
- Oversee credit control and collections to maintain healthy cash flow.
- Financial Operations:
- Supervise day-to-day financial operations, including invoicing, payments, and expense management.
- Implement efficient financial processes and controls to maintain accuracy and transparency.
- Ensure timely and accurate payroll processing.
- Financial Leadership:
- Lead, mentor, and develop a small finance team, fostering a culture of collaboration and continuous improvement.
- Act as a strategic partner to the executive team, providing financial insights to drive growth and innovation.
- Present financial performance updates and recommendations to the board of directors.
- Fundraising Strategy:
- Collaborate with the executive team to formulate a fundraising strategy aligned with the company's growth objectives.
- Identify potential sources of funding, including venture capital, angel investors, and strategic partnerships.
- Evaluate and recommend the optimal funding mix to support the company's expansion plans.
- Pitch Development:
- Develop our data-driven pitch materials that effectively communicate the company's value proposition, growth potential, and financial outlook.
- Craft persuasive investor presentations and financial models that showcase the startup's vision and opportunities.
- Investor Due Diligence:
- Lead due diligence processes, working closely with legal, finance, and operations teams to ensure smooth and thorough investor reviews.
- Prepare necessary documents and information to address investor inquiries and concerns.
- Negotiation and Deal Closure:
- Negotiate investment terms and conditions, balancing the interests of the company and investors.
- Coordinate legal and financial aspects of fundraising agreements, ensuring compliance with regulatory requirements.
- Financial Strategy Alignment:
- Collaborate with the CFO and finance team to ensure fundraising initiatives align with the company's overall financial strategy.
- Provide insights to the executive team based on investor feedback and market trends.
Qualifications and Experience:
- Qualified accountant (ACA, ACCA, CIMA) with a strong academic record.
- Proven experience as a Finance Director or similar senior finance role, preferably within the Technology SaaS industry.
- Solid understanding of SaaS business models, recurring revenue, and subscription-based pricing.
- Exceptional analytical, financial modeling, and forecasting skills.
- Proficient in financial software and tools.
- Strong leadership and team management abilities.
- Excellent communication skills with the ability to present complex financial information clearly to non-finance stakeholders.
- Comfortable working independently and remotely, demonstrating self-motivation and time management skills.
- Proven track record in fundraising and investor relations within the startup ecosystem.
- Demonstrated ability to attract investment capital and close funding rounds.
- Strong financial modeling and valuation skills.
Why Join Us:
- Be part of a forward-thinking and dynamic team driving technological innovation.
- Enjoy the flexibility of remote work with a strong emphasis on work-life balance.
- Contribute to shaping the financial direction of a growing SaaS organization.
- Collaborate with industry experts and gain exposure to cutting-edge technologies.
If you are an experienced finance professional looking for a challenging and rewarding part-time opportunity, we encourage you to apply. Join us in our mission to revolutionize the technology landscape while achieving personal and professional growth.
To apply, please submit your CV and a cover letter detailing your relevant experience and motivation for the role. We look forward to reviewing your application.


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The University of Alberta Students' Union strongly believes that student input into the quality of teaching is essential in evaluating and improving teaching at the University of Alberta. This student input is largely provided through the Universal Student Ratings of Instruction (USRI). Students need to be involved in any future evaluation of the USRI, and student input must continue to be an important part of a multifaceted teaching evaluation.
The USRI is a formative evaluation mechanism which students complete on a class by class basis. Most students complete these evaluations online through the eUSRI portal that is electronically sent out to all students. The feedback from these evaluations is then used by faculties, departments and instructors to improve and enhance teaching on campus. USRIs have also been used by Faculty Evaluation Committees which make decisions on an instructor's tenure and promotion.
The University outlines in policy1 how USRIs are only one part of a multifaceted teaching evaluation which includes both summative and formative types of feedback. In the same vein, the University emphasizes that all decisions concerning tenure, promotion or unsatisfactory teaching performance must be based on more than one indicator of the adequacy of teaching, one of which is USRIs. The use of USRIs and other forms of evaluation of teaching are all tools of measurement in the University's commitment to teaching.
As an institution of learning it is so important that those on the receiving end of that - students - are able to provide feedback on learning. The Students' Union unequivocally believes that student input in teaching evaluation is imperative in ensuring teaching is excellent across campus. There is no other stakeholder on campus more capable of providing feedback on teaching than students, and students' role in this process should not be understated nor discredited.
The Student's Union believes that there is merit in evaluating the design and delivery of USRIs in their current form and there is room for improvement, however, this review should not diminish the significance of student feedback. Undergraduate feedback is necessary and essential to inform University policies of their impact on students on campus, especially when it comes to teaching evaluations2.


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Researchers develop edible 'peels' for variety of liquid, semi-solid foods
Imagine getting your yogurt from a little ball with an edible skin. Or your ice cream. How about your soda coming from a vending machine not in a recyclable can, but rather with a peel you can bite right into. It's closer to reality than you might think.
Editor's Note: This report is part of a collaboration between PRI's The World and NOVA.
A team of chefs, chemists and designers has come up with a way for you to eat a cocktail, to hold a mouthful of juice in your hands.
They've created a biodegradable shell that can enclose ice cream, mousses, cheeses and liquids. Take an orange, for example.
David Edwards, an inventor and engineer at Harvard University, slices one open.
"Now look at that," he said, pointing to the pulp. "Obviously the orange is full of water and moisture. And then you've got the orange peel."
The peel is a kind of durable, biodegradable packaging. Few people eat an orange peel, but it is edible. And, of course, we do eat the peels of other fruits, like peaches and apples.
The fact that these fruits come in their own built-in packaging is convenient. It means they do not have to be sold in boxes or bags.
This idea is the inspiration behind a company that Edwards has founded. He wants to change the way we package and eat food.
Making His Own Peel
This is where things start to get less familiar.
Edwards fetches a plate of what look like red rubber balls. He picks one up between his thumb and forefinger.
"I'm going to bite into it just to show you what's going on here," he said.
Edwards bites it in two and holds up the half still in his fingers. Greek yogurt sits inside. He squeezes the yogurt out.
The innovative part is what is on the outside. It is a protective, biodegradable skin — like an orange peel. And it's edible.
"That skin keeps moisture inside, and it keeps germs and other things outside," Edwards said.
He won't reveal the exact recipe, but he says in this case the raw ingredients come from raspberries and algae.
And it is not just yogurt that Edwards is wrapping in this kind of edible peel. His vision is that one day you will go to the supermarket and, instead of buying cartons of juice and cans of soup, you will fill your cart up with balls of food and drink.
"I get home, and I hand (the food) to my son, and he hands it to his friend," Edwards said. "And then the friend says, 'But did you wash your hands?' At that point, I clean it as I do fruit and vegetables today. I can run water over it, and it doesn't dissolve, actually. And it can be cleaned, and then I can eat it."
A Curious Display of Food
It may sound like something from Star Trek, but Edwards is already trying these products out on the public. His company recently organized a tasting at its test kitchen in Paris.
Just before the event, the company's research and development manager, Heloise Vilaseca, was eager to hear what the taste testers would say.
"Would they like it?" she wondered. "Would they understand the product? Would they want to share it with friends?"
On this day, four volunteers had arrived to try the new foods. Maëva Tordo was one of them. She works in business innovation, and her eyes were wide with anticipation.
"I'm really, really curious about it because I always dreamed about being able to eat the cap of my yogurt," she said. "So I can't wait."
Before long, the group was brought into a room where the food had been laid out. White spheres of frosty ice cream and brown orbs of mousse rested in shallow bowls. Yellow and green cheese marbles huddled on little plates. The gelatinous balls of yogurt were on display, as well.
The taste testers plucked them up with their fingers and popped them into their mouths like grapes. They seemed to be loving it, though someone did mention that the ice cream could be improved by making it smaller.
Perhaps the strangest things on the table were the beverages – colorful globes of liquid. Some contained orange juice. Others held a cocktail made with blue Curaçao, wrapped in a transparent spherical skin flecked with orange rind and placed in martini glasses.
Chris Tallec, a designer, poked a straw through the skin of his turquoise cocktail and slurped the liquid inside. Then he held up the skin and ate it.
"It's really tasty because it has the flavor of the orange," he said.
Tallec said he enjoyed this new way of eating.
"It's playful. Also, it's seducing — you know, you're curious about it," he said.
Before the tasting ended, Maëva Tordo's curiosity got the better of her. She reached for one more ball of yogurt, but the contents had warmed up to room temperature. So when she bit it in half to admire how it was created, the yogurt squirted out and splattered her hair.
"That's what happens when you play too much with food," she said, laughing.
The Future of Edible Packaging
The taste testers seemed to be sold on the concept, but is the general public really ready to buy edible balls of soda or coffee at the grocery store and from vending machines? Is it realistic to think we can bundle much of our food into this kind of packaging?
Edwards thinks so.
"Interest from leading multi-national food and beverage companies has been great," he said.
Still, there is a lot to do before he licenses this technology to major food brands. He has patent applications in the pipeline, and he has to make sure the technology can scale easily from a small test kitchen to mass production.
As Edwards continues to refine this new kind of food, he is relying on the public to tell him what works and what doesn't. In fact, he calls his company WikiCell Designs, because, as he sees it as a collaborative effort.
The next step in that collaboration will come soon when the world's first Wiki Bar opens, in Paris.Consumers will be able to purchase these balls of yogurt, mousse, and juice, and offer feedback. Edwards says if all goes well, he plans to roll out his products in the United States next year.
"PRI's "The World" is a one-hour, weekday radio news magazine offering a mix of news, features, interviews, and music from around the globe. "The World" is a co-production of the BBC World Service, PRI and WGBH Boston. More about The World.


text: Cold forging is a forming process below the recrystallizing temperature of the material, and it is forged below the recovery temperature. It is customary to call the forging of unheated blank cold forging in production. Most of the cold forging materials are aluminum and some alloys, copper and some alloys, low carbon steel, medium carbon steel and low alloy structural steel with low deformation resistance and good plasticity at room temperature. Cold forgings have good surface quality and high dimensional accuracy, and can replace some cutting. Cold forging can strengthen the metal and improve the strength of the parts.


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Problem of the Week
Problem C
Step by Step
Debit and credit cards contain account numbers which consist of many digits. When purchasing items online, you are often asked to type in your account number. Because there are so many digits, it is easy to type the number incorrectly. The last digit of the number is a specially generated check digit which can be used to quickly verify the validity of the number. A common algorithm used for verifying numbers is called the Luhn Algorithm. A series of operations are performed on the number and a final result is produced. If the final result ends in zero, the number is valid. Otherwise, the number is invalid.
The steps performed in the Luhn Algorithm are outlined in the flowchart below. Two examples are provided.
The flowchart for the algorithm with the steps outlined in the adjacent text.
Example 1:
Number: \(135792\)
Reversal: \(\textcolor{red}{2}9\textcolor{red}{7}5\textcolor{red}{3}1\)
\(\begin{aligned} A&=\textcolor{red}{2+7+3}\\ &=12\\ \end{aligned}\)
\(\begin{aligned} 2\times9&=18\\ 2\times5&=10\\ 2\times1&=2\\ \end{aligned}\)
\(\begin{aligned} B&=(1+8)+(1+0)+2\\ &=9+1+2\\ &=12\\ \end{aligned}\)
\(C\) does not end in zero.
The number is not valid.
Example 2:
Number: \(_PHONE_\)
Reversal: \(\textcolor{red}{7}8\textcolor{red}{9}7\textcolor{red}{5}3\textcolor{red}{1}\)
\(\begin{aligned} A&=\textcolor{red}{7+9+5+1}\\ &=22\\ \end{aligned}\)
\(\begin{aligned} 2\times8&=16\\ 2\times7&=14\\ 2\times3&=6\\ \end{aligned}\)
\(\begin{aligned} B&=(1+6)+(1+4)+6\\ &=7+5+6\\ &=18\\ \end{aligned}\)
\(C\) ends in zero.
The number is valid.
The number \(1953\,R8T9\,467\) is a valid card number when verified by the Luhn Algorithm.
\(R\) and \(T\) are each single digits of the number such that \(R\) is less than \(T\). Determine all possible values of \(R\) and \(T\).


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What tutor books does Easy Notes work with?
Works with all piano tutor books
Easy Notes can be used in conjunction with any piano tutor books, building up note knowledge by hand position. Therefore when new pieces are introduced the child knows the notes needed to play them and less explanation is needed by the teacher.
Meshes perfectly with the Alfred's Basic Piano Library books
In particular the Easy Notes Theory books have been designed to mesh perfectly with the Alfred's Basic Piano Library
books because they progress in the same order of hand positions. When two pages of theory are given
per week, the Easy Notes books anticipate the learning stages in the Alfreds books, which helps make teaching beginners so easy and fun.
- When a beginner starts and is playing on the black notes, Easy Notes is teaching them the white notes. By the time the beginner starts to play on the white notes, they are already familiar with them and can easily identify and locate
them. At this stage you realise that Easy Notes is really helping them.
- At this time, while the student is playing on the white notes with directional notation, Easy Notes begins to teach the beginner the notes on the stave. So, by the time the beginner starts to play music on the stave (in C position),
they know the C position notes and can already read the music. At this point, the 'power' of Easy Notes really becomes evident, when you watch a beginner, who has only been learning a short time, reading music effortlessly!
- This anticipation of learning stages continues, with Easy Notes teaching the G position notes just before they are actually needed, and so on through middle C postion, high G position, and then the outer ledger lines. By the end
of the first year of learning, the student knows four octaves of notes. This has laid a solid foundation of note-reading in their first year, leaving them free to progress musically without being slowed down with not knowing the
Can be used easily with books that begin in Middle C position
Easy Notes also supports the progression of books that start in Middle C position when used in the following way:
- Work through Easy Notes Level 1 pages 1-14.
- Go to Easy Notes Level 2 pages 5-8.
- Go back to Easy Notes Level 1 page 15, and continue on through the books.


_USER_ {Atkinson551, author = {Atkinson, NS and Robertson, GA and Ganetzky, B}, title = {A component of calcium-activated potassium channels encoded by the Drosophila slo locus}, volume = {253}, number = {5019}, pages = {551--555}, year = {1991}, doi = {10.1126/science._PHONE_}, publisher = {American Association for the Advancement of Science}, abstract = {Calcium-activated potassium channels mediate many biologically important functions in electrically excitable cells. Despite recent progress in the molecular analysis of voltage-activated K+ channels, Ca(2+)-activated K+ channels have not been similarly characterized. The Drosophila slowpoke (slo) locus, mutations of which specifically abolish a Ca(2+)-activated K+ current in muscles and neurons, provides an opportunity for molecular characterization of these channels. Genomic and complementary DNA clones from the slo locus were isolated and sequenced. The polypeptide predicted by slo is similar to voltage-activated K+ channel polypeptides in discrete domains known to be essential for function. Thus, these results indicate that slo encodes a structural component of Ca(2+)-activated K+ channels.}, issn = {0036-8075}, URL = {_URL_ eprint = {_URL_ journal = {Science} }


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is a verb and noun pertaining to distortion and twisting, and to lines and ropes used in the contexts below.
Warp may refer to:
Ships and aircraft
- Wing warping, a manner of controlling the roll of an aeroplane
- Warp drive, the faster-than-light movement in science fiction, as used in Star Trek.
- Warping (sailing), a slow method of moving a boat in still waters or against the wind
- OS/2, where version 3.0 was known as Warp
- WARP (software), a product for IBM mainframes to improve performance from APT International - a former Monaco based company
- Warp (Cypress), a VHDL Cypress development system for CPLD
- WARP (Information Security), from the acronym for Warning, advice and reporting point
- Warp (MT of SM Unit), a Shader Multiprocessor architecture.
- A warp is a Multithreaded SIMT Architecture of the MT (Multithreadead Instruction unit ) that is part of the SM (Shader Multiprocessors) in the GPU design.
- WARP Services / WARP Robotics.com, Working Automated Robotic Products is a automation company that put to motion anything. From wheel chairs to systematizing motion automated guided vehicles, with laser navigation.
Books and comics
- Warp (weaving) the set of lengthwise threads attached to a loom
- Image warping, the process of distorting an image digitally
- Revealed preference, from the acronym for Weak Axiom of Revealed Preferences
- Warp, a brand of energy mints
- WARP, USAID's West African Regional Program
warp : in term of textile warp is the verticle thread in fabric.


punto a groppo
punto a groppo, (Italian: "knotted lace"), ancestor of bobbin lace. It was worked in 16th-century Italy by knotting, twisting, and tying fringes, all without weights, or bobbins. Patterns were geometric, sometimes interspersed with schematic human figures. It is thought that bobbin, or pillow, lace developed when the threads came to be attached with lead weights and the design anchored on a pad, or pillow. Macramé work is a modern form of punto a groppo.


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A Padawan, Padawan learner, or Jedi Apprentice, referred to a Force-sensitive adolescent who had begun one-on-one instruction with a Jedi Knight or Master...
The Jedi are characters in the fictional Star Wars universe and the series' main protagonists. They use a quasi-telekinetic power, known as the Force, weapons known as lightsabers, which emit a controlled energy flow in the shape of a sword, to serve and protect their Republic and the whole...
Current Grand Master - Darth_Grave
Apply to be trained in the ways of the Jedi and light side of the force
by one of our Jedi masters. PM one of our Jedi masters for more info.
Emotion, yet peace.
Ignorance, yet knowledge.
Passion, yet serenity.
Chaos, yet harmony.
Death, yet the Force.
There is no emotion, there is peace.
There is no ignorance, there is knowledge.
There is no passion, there is serenity.
There is no chaos, there is harmony.
There is no death, there is the Force.
Jedi are the guardians of peace in the galaxy.
Jedi use their powers to defend and to protect.
Jedi respect all life, in any form.
Jedi serve others rather than ruling over them, for the good of the galaxy.
Jedi seek to improve themselves through knowledge and training.
Learn this or fail our testsarielyssou Master of the Order


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- For Teachers
Can one say:
a. John is a doctor, which is not an easy job.
b. Phil is fast, which is an important quality in a football-player.
c. Harry is tall and Jeff is fast, both of which are important qualities for a tennis-player.
Remember - correct capitalisation, punctuation and spacing make posts much easier to read.


RE: Prestressed Concrete Torsion Design (ACI
Title: RE: Prestressed Concrete Torsion Design (ACI
 I think most of the prestressed beam analysis programs take this into account. Also, since the prestressing strand is used mostly at the point of maximum moment - usually midspan, since most pretensioned beams are simply spans - but torsion is usually higher towards the ends, this is an effective way of decreasing the mild longitudinal steel required. Be careful about development length and provide hairpins at the ends of strand and mild longitudinal steel to develop the A_sub_l steel at the ends.
 If there is prestressed steel in the beam top to control stresses in the early life of the beam, depending on the analysis, that entire developed area may be used this way.
 Jim Getaz
 Precast Concrete Engineer