text:
Discovery of retrograde and inverted themes for indexing musical scores
This paper describes extensions to a musical score indexing program that enable it to discover sequences of notes that appear in retrograde and/or inverted form. The program was tested over a set of 50 orchestral movements by several composers of the Baroque, Classical, and Romantic periods. The retrograde and inversion discovery algorithm added an average of 3.76 patterns per movement to the index, increasing the number of notes in the index by 6.5%, and the number of entries by 8.2%. Among the patterns added to the index were variations of 3 themes in retrograde, 5 themes in inversion, and 3 themes in retrograde inversion.
Indexing, Music information retrieval, Theme discovery
Ren, Xiaona, Lloyd A. Smith, and Richard A. Medina. "Discovery of retrograde and inverted themes for indexing musical scores." In Proceedings of the 2004 Joint ACM/IEEE Conference on Digital Libraries, 2004., pp. 252-253. IEEE, 2004.
Proceedings of the ACM IEEE International Conference on Digital Libraries, JCDL 2004


text:
Building the World's Largest
by Scott Milligan, Springfield Telescope Makers
Page 5 of 7
The First System Test
An auto collimation test of such a large optical system posed the practical difficulty of finding
a vibration-isolated test bench large enough to host the test. Fortunately, such a bench existed at OSTI, and
with proper planning, we figured that our setup could be built, evaluated, and torn down in a matter of a day,
or at most, two. The bench was an old cast iron lathe bed that had a 12' long x 4' wide 1" thick aluminum plate
fastened on top of the ways. This arrangement was far from ideal from a vibration isolation standpoint, but
it was the only available test space large enough to do the job. I quickly constructed makeshift plywood test
stands to hold the optical elements that were mounted in their cells. The convex surface of the L2 corrector
was given a temporary silver coating, and the lens elements were loaded into their cells.
When the alignment of the first system test had been optimized, a rather severe three point astigmatic pattern
was observed in the interferogram. At that point, we did not have any conclusive evidence which pinpointed the
surface or surfaces that were to blame, but it was logical to suspect the convex surface on the L2 corrector,
since this is by far the most sensitive surface in the design. To check our assumption, the L2 lens was rotated
60 degrees, and when the three point pattern was also observed to rotate, we concluded that the source of the
problem had been identified. But how could we fix it?
We were unable to leave the system test standing on the bench, and the test plate match was not sensitive
enough to judge when the convex surface of the corrector was good enough. We needed another test that would
be simple to implement, would occupy little space, and would give unambiguous results. Enter the Ross null test.
Peter Ceravolo and Dick Stoltzman had just recently published their thorough investigation of this test for
amateur use. Since the Schupmann's L2 corrector lens, when tested by itself, created over-corrected spherical
aberration similar to that imparted by a paraboloid tested at center of curvature, I reasoned that a Ross null
could be found for testing the corrector lens. A few hours spent playing with the concept using Don Gibson's
OSDP program confirmed my initial hypothesis; a two inch diameter plano-convex lens made from Bk7 would make
a excellent null for our corrector.
Phil and I proceeded to make the null lens from a blank donated by OSTI. Meanwhile, Phil also continued to
work on smoothing the figure of the convex surface of the corrector. He found that the extreme figure accuracy
required, combined with the relatively thin aspect ratio (approximately 11:1) meant that the lens could no longer
be mounted to its holder using masking tape around the perimeter. Instead, the concave surface of the lens was
mounted to the convex tool by forming a multitude of pitch "buttons", each about 3/8" diameter, which were arrayed
across the face of the holder, and then the lens was pressed gently onto the buttons while they were still warm
enough to conform to the surface and adhere to the glass.
Figure 9: Corrector without null lens.
Figure 10: Corrector with central defect revealed.
At last the null lens was finished, and we prepared to have our first look at the corrector as
a stand alone item. After scrounging a few necessary parts, we found the Ross null test to be simple to set-up,
align, and interpret. Figure 9 shows an interferogram taken without the null lens in place; the L2 lens shows
about 5 waves of spherical aberration. Figure 10 shows the interferograms taken through the first null test;
notice that a central defect is revealed, but that the three point astigmatism has been removed.
Back to the McGregor-Schupmann Page

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
The title of the play, given that "nothing" was pronounced as "noting" in Shakespeare's day, clues us in to the fact that noting is central to all of the action. Noting is a motif throughout the entire play in the form of observation (when Claudio asks if Benedick noted Hero, when Friar Francis says he's been busy noting Hero at the wedding, etc.), through music (as Benedick jokes about sheep's guts as strings on an instrument, when Balthasar plays his notes, etc.), and also through written notes (like the letters that ultimately reveal Benedick and Beatrice's love at the end of the play).
Ultimately, the play revolves around misnoting – the problem of people wrongly interpreting what another person does or says. Benedick and Beatrice are manipulated into noting false conversations about their mutual love, and Don John sets up Claudio and Don Pedro to wrongly observe (or misnote) Hero's loyalty. The play constantly points out the difficulty of observing correctly, as observation is always subject to interpretation, and interpretation is often wrong. This doesn't mean that misnoting can't have good outcomes – after all, Beatrice and Benedick do get together as a result of it – but Shakespeare is essentially laughing at the follies that result from misnoting.


. Depending on the amount of available data, more sophisticated learning algorithms can be adopted to achieve more accurate results. Then, an event watcher is configured based on this customization to monitor the system, making use of the system model and predicted behavior to optimization observations. When a change happens in the system to trigger an alert, the alert generation engine creates and forwards it to a classifier that utilizes a taxonomy to characterize the alert. An alert aggregator determines whether to issue or to suppress an alert or to aggregate alerts and issue them at a later date. This information is sent to the notification management system.
4.2. Notification Management System
The notification management system consists of multiple user-centric components. User behavior is modeled to influence the modality, communucation medium (channel), format and time of notifications. Users also have the ability to directly set their preferences using the UI. Notifications are intelligently generated based on the information from the various data sources and components before a notification scheduler determines when to emit the notification, while taking into account the user's schedule.
4.3. Opportunities for Learning
There are multiple opportunities for learning (depicted by "brain" clip-arts in Fig. 1
) from users in this framework both in a direct and indirect fashion. At the overall system level, users' direct feedback through the UI can be used as rewards/punishment in a reinforcement learning framework. The system would then learn a model to issue, suppress and aggregate notifications. Indirect feedback can also be used by keeping track of which notifications, issued by the conversational agent, were snoozed, ignored, opened immediately, deleted without being opened, etc. Focusing on individual components of the system, machine learning algorithms such as deep neural networks can be adopted to classify alerts, learn user behavior, determine the notification modality, select the notification channel, and schedule notifications.
Figure 1. Detailed Workflow of the Alerts Framework
5. Insights and Challenges
The proposed framework has multiple advantages. It can intelligently reduce the number of issued notifications thus reducing alert fatigue. Less notifications imply less distractions; therefore, the users' productivity and concentration would increase. Allowing users to provide feedback would enable better customization of the learned model. A byproduct of the system deciding whether to issue or suppress an alert and how to aggregate alerts is implicitly sorting the tasks which improves productivity. Our domain agnostic implementation allows us to easily extend the framework to other domains, especially considering its utility in diverse fields from business to healthcare. Unlike other approaches in the literature, our invention does not adopt a rule-based approach to determine which alerts to issue/suppress, and targets a broader scope than some of the other approaches. Furthermore, it does not require knowledge of the underlying model of the dynamical system it is observing and corresponding alert and notification modules. Learning from unstructured or semi-structured natural language messages generated by the modules reduces the integration overhead.
The proposed framework faces multiple challenges that must be addressed before real-world deployment. Customizability and generalizability are two conflicting goals. Finding the right tradeoff between both will be crucial to the successful deployment of the framework. Furthermore, classification models make mistakes; and mistakes in one domain can have more severe consequences than in other domains. For example, how can we guarantee that the classification models will not make mistakes in life and death situations? Can we place safeguards around them to ensure that such mistakes are avoided or caught in time? Furthermore, it is difficult to determine why certain machine learning models make the decisions they do. This reduces users' trust in the system and acceptance of it. Therefore, explainability is a crucial component of this system: how can we allow machine learning algorithms to explain their decisions to non-expert users to gain their trust. Another challenge is integrating the system with applications that are generating the events that our system uses to evaluate the alerts and send notifications.
From a user interaction perspective, it is important to design the conversational interface in a user friendly manner to maximize the usefulness of the collected data while minimizing the learning overhead or burden on the user when using the system. The feedback interface should also be simple enough to encourage users to provide meaningful feedback. Clarifying user intents, and enabling disambiguation particularly when the user requests the creation, modification, and deletion of alerts through a conversational interface would be crucial. Another challenge is to empower users to customize notifications, provide feedback, and effectively incorporate that feedback into the reinforcement learning model.
6. Conclusion
This work proposes an alerting and notification system that is application-agnostic and personalizable based on predictive and adaptive machine learning algorithms. A method of notifying, escalating, and suppressing alerts should tap into different types of available datasets to learn user-centric models including: 1) dynamical system behavior, 2) user behavior, and 3) event modeling and classification. This framework can be integrated within proactive chatbots, email services, news services or other services that generate notifications. The system would classify the severity of various alerts, and learn from user data while maintaining confidentiality and privacy of the data. The main challenge, and focus of future work, lies in finding the right data and machine learning models that can learn customizable and generalizable models.
 - (1)
 - Bazinette et al. (2001) Vincent Bazinette et al. 2001. An intelligent notification system. IBM Research Division, Thomas J. Watson Research Center, PO Box 704 (2001).
 - Consel et al. (2015) Charles Consel, Lucile Dupuy, and Hélène Sauzéon. 2015. A unifying notification system to scale up assistive services. In The 17th international SIGACCESS conference on computers & accessibility. ACM, 77–87.
 - Iqbal and Bailey (2008) Shamsi T Iqbal and Brian P Bailey. 2008. Effects of intelligent notification management on users and their tasks. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, 93–102.
 - Leonidis et al. (2009) Asterios Leonidis et al. 2009. Alertme: A semantics-based context-aware notification system. In 33rd International Computer Software and Applications Conference, Vol. 2. IEEE.
 - Murphy et al. (2012) Daniel R Murphy, Brian Reis, Dean F Sittig, and Hardeep Singh. 2012. Notifications received by primary care practitioners in electronic health records: a taxonomy and time analysis. The American journal of medicine 125, 2 (2012), 209–e1.
 - Oh et al. (2015) Hyungik Oh, Laleh Jalali, and Ramesh Jain. 2015. An intelligent notification system using context from real-time personal activity monitoring. In International Conference on Multimedia and Expo. IEEE, 1–6.
 - Pietraszek and Tanner (2005) Tadeusz Pietraszek and Axel Tanner. 2005. Data mining and machine learning—towards reducing false positives in intrusion detection. Information security technical report 10, 3 (2005), 169–183.
 - Tomašev et al. (2019) Nenad Tomašev et al. 2019. A clinically applicable approach to continuous prediction of future acute kidney injury. Nature 572, 7767 (2019), 116–119.


Dividing songs
 You can divide one song into two songs.
 2. Click [] for a song that you want to divide in the content list, and then select [Edit song] – [Divide…].
 The [Divide] screen will be displayed and playback of the selected song will start.
 3. Decide the position from which divide the song by moving the [Step 1] slider, and click [Division points].
 Rehearsal playback will repeat from the position where you selected [Division points].
 If you want to reset the dividing position, click [Retry].
 4. Make fine adjustments to the dividing position by moving the [Step 2] slider.
 To adjust the dividing position, drag the playback position slider to the left or right, or click [-] or [+].
 - The actual dividing position may shift slightly from the set dividing position.
 5. Click [Divide].
 The song will be divided.
 "_1" will be added to the end of the title for the first half of the divided song. "_2" will be added to the end of the title for the second half of the divided song. Change the song title if necessary.


text:
Joined: 16 Mar 2004
|Posted: Tue Aug 11, 2009 11:55 am Post subject: New Line of Lasers for Biomedicine
|Dundee Leads EU Project to Develop Next Generation of Lasers
Laser technology has revolutionised the world of medicine in ways never before thought of. More and more often the scalpel is giving way to a new generation of lasers. Now the FAST-DOT project, backed by the EU with €10.1 million in financing, is underway to develop a new line of lasers for biomedical applications.
Led by a team located at the University of Dundee, 18 European partners from 12 countries will pool their knowledge and resources to develop the next generation of lasers which will be used for biomedical applications. Their combined efforts mean that they are able to conduct nearly 100 person years of work in a fraction of the time.
According to Professor Edik Rafailov of the University of Dundee, 'This project will revolutionise the use of lasers in the biomedical field, providing both practitioners and researchers with pocket sized ultra high performance lasers at a substantially lower cost, which will make their widespread use affordable.'
The new lasers that will be developed will not only be much smaller but also more energy efficient than current lasers in use. Current lasers are not portable and are heavy on energy consumption. The new lasers will be designed for use in microscopy and nanosurgery, where high precision cutting, imaging and treatment therapies will be made possible.
According to Neil Stewart, FAST-DOT project manager, 'The objectives of the project are to use a technology called quantum dot materials, probably gallium arsenide, and exploit their lasing characteristics for use in biomedical applications, such as laser tweezing for microsurgery.'
The new lasers will mean that surgeons and life scientists will have access to much higher performance and lower cost lasers than are currently available and will open up exciting new application areas for lasers in biomedicine. There is also hope that new lasers under development will also decrease in size.
Currently, lasers are roughly the size of a shoebox. FAST-DOT hopes to bring down the size to that of a matchbox while bringing the cost down to a tenth of what they currently are.
Dr Stewart also claimed that the new lasers would be applicable in the field of micro-surgery. 'With these lasers we ought to be able to take that down to about a very few microns. And because of the differences in the way the energy is controlled, it enables us to deliver very controlled amounts of energy so we are also going to be investigating things like tissue welding,' he said.
Application of lasers in nanosurgery procedure: Ablation of a single mitochondrion inside a living fibroblast cell, before (left) and after (right) laser ablation.
Laser systems for use in medicine were initially seen as a surgical tool which is minimally invasive, and were used for the ablation, cutting, or coagulation of tissue. As a result, their earliest application was witnessed in the field of general surgery and laparoscopic surgery. By the 1990s lasers were gaining popularity in the field of ophthalmology for sight correction.
Now however lasers are being used in a diagnostic sense thanks to their non-invasive capabilities as well as being utilized for the detection and monitoring of certain diseases.


West Bloomfield Township Public Library
⮜ More Featured Titles
Friends in Our World - Jewish Friends (Kids)
Fiction books featuring Jewish characters, history and culture.
A seder for Grover by Joni Kibort Sussman
Grover attends a traditional Passover seder with his friends Avigail, Big Bird, Cookie Monster, and Moishe.
My first Jewish baby book : almost everything you need to know about being Jewish from afikomen to zayde by Julie Merberg
Introduce little ones to the delicious foods, meaningful rituals, lively holidays, and expressive language of their people. Clever illustrations and simple rhyming text provide a fun first taste of Jewish culture -- Back cover
Barnyard Purim by Kelly Terwilliger
Farmer Max's animals decide to put on a Purim play, directed by Chicken
A tale of two Seders by Mindy Avra Portnoy
After her parents' divorce, a young girl experiences a variety of Passover seders. Includes recipes and facts about Passover
Grover goes to Israel by Joni Kibort Sussman
"Grover leaves Sesame Street for a sightseeing adventure in Israel"--
Letters from Cuba by Ruth Behar
In 1938, eleven-year-old Esther joins her father in tropical, multicultural Cuba, where they toil together to rescue the rest of their Jewish family from persecution in Poland. Includes notes about the author's grandmother, on whom the story is based.
The length of a string by Elissa Brent Weissman
Saving Hanno by Miriam Halahmy
Nine-year-old Rudi and his beloved daschhund, Hanno, face peril as they are being sent from Nazi Germany to England on the special trains called Kindertransports during World War II. Includes historical note.
Searching for Lottie by Susan L Ross
"More than six decades after the end of World War II, twelve-year-old Charlie, a budding musician, searches for clues about her violin-prodigy namesake's fate"--
A place at the table by Saadia Faruqi
Sixth-graders Sara, a Pakistani American, and Elizabeth, a Jewish girl, connect in an after school cooking club and bond over food and their mothers' struggles to become United States citizens.
It rained warm bread : Moishe Moskowitz's Story of Hope by Gloria Moskowitz-Sweet
A fictionalized account of the experiences of a Polish Jew, Moishe, who with his parents, brother, and sister, struggles to survive the Nazi invasion and Holocaust.
Catherine's war by Julia Billet
As France buckles under the Nazi regime, budding photographer Rachel Cohen must change her name, go into hiding, and bear witness to the atrocities of World War II.
A ceiling made of eggshells by Gail Carson Levine
From age seven, Loma relishes traveling with her beloved grandfather across fifteenth-century Spain, working to keep the Jews safe, but soon realizes she must also make sacrifices to help her people. Includes historical notes, recipe, glossary, and a linkto a bibliography.
I Survived the Nazi Invasion, 1944 by Lauren Tarshis
In a Polish ghetto, Max Rosen and his sister, Zena, struggle to live after their father is taken away by Nazis. With barely enough food to survive, the siblings make a daring escape from Nazi soldiers into the nearby forest. Max and Zena are brought to a safe camp by Jewish resistance fighters. But soon, bombs are falling all around them. Can Max and Zena survive the fallout of the Nazi invasion?
A moon for Moe and Mo by Jane Breskin Zalben
Moses Feldman and Mohammed Hassan both live on Flatbush Avenue, but when they meet at the grocery store they quickly become best friends, sharing a picnic while their families prepare for the holidays of Rosh Hashanah and Ramadan.
Honey cake by Joan Betty Stuchner
Lucky broken girl by Ruth Behar
Queen of the Hanukkah dosas by Pamela Ehrenberg
A boy is worried that his little sister's climbing will spoil the first night of Hanukkah, when his family combines his father's Jewish traditions with his mother's East Indian cooking.
Number the stars by Lois Lowry
How I became a spy : a mystery of WWII London by Deborah Hopkinson
In World War II London, a young spy named Bertie, his strong-willed American friend Eleanor, a Jewish refugee named David, and a dog called Little Roo try to prevent a double agent from giving secrets to the Nazis.
Broken strings by Eric Walters
In 2002, Shirli Berman loses her beloved grandmother and lands a part in her junior high production of "Fiddler on the Roof," but when she is doing research in her attic and finds a violin, her Zayde gets incredibly angry.
Yellow star by Jennifer Rozines Roy
From 1939, when Syvia is four and a half years old, to 1945 when she has just turned ten, a Jewish girl and her family struggle to survive in Poland's Lodz ghetto during the Nazi occupation
The hero two doors down : based on the true story of friendship between a boy and a baseball legend by Sharon Robinson
Eight-year-old Steve Satlow is thrilled when Jackie Robinson moves into his Jewish neighborhood in Brooklyn in 1948, although many of his neighbors are not, and when Steve actually meets his hero he is even more excited--and worried that a misunderstanding over a Christmas tree could damage his new friendship.
The truth about my bat mitzvah by Nora Raleigh Baskin
After her beloved grandmother, Nana, dies, non-religious twelve-year-old Caroline becomes curious about her mother's Jewish ancestry
Hidden : a child's story of the Holocaust by Loïc Dauvillier
White bird : A Wonder Story by R Palacio
Tells the story of Julian's Grandmère's childhood as she, a Jewish girl, was hidden by a family in a Nazi-occupied French village during World War II and how the boy she once shunned became her savior and best friend.
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Cotingas (Cotingidae)
Long-wattled Umbrellabird (Cephalopterus penduliger) - HBW 9, p. 102
French: Coracine casquée German: Langlappen-Schirmvogel Spanish: Paragüero Corbatudo
Taxonomy: Cephalopterus penduliger P. L. Sclater, 1859, Pallatanga, Chimborazo, Ecuador.
May form a superspecies with C. glabricollis and C. ornatus; all three suggested by some as being possibly conspecific, but this considered unlikely. Monotypic.
Distribution: Pacific slope of Andes in SW Colombia (S from Valle) and W Ecuador (S to El Oro).


text:
Students who are considering a career as a Doctor of Optometry may be concerned that they do not have sufficient personal resources to cover all of the educational costs. The cost of attendance generally includes tuition, fees, books, equipment and supplies, and living expenses such as rent, groceries, insurance, and transportation. The majority of students finance their education by a combination of personal and family contributions, scholarships, lowand high-interest loans, and work-study opportunities.
As the overall costs of optometric education continue to increase, it is important that prospective optometry students begin to investigate potential financial aid sources as early as possible. Because outside employment during optometry school is a limited option for the majority of students, and university sources of funds are also often limited, accepted applicants should contact their school's financial aid office early to explore their options and understand the school's financial aid policies and procedures.
Sources of Financial Aid
Accepted applicants should be aware of loans, scholarships, grants, and work-study, which provide the majority of aid to optometry students.
Loans, which are the primary source of financial aid for optometry students, must be repaid after graduation. Scholarships, which are merit-based or need-based, do not require the recipient to repay the award. Work-study gives students the opportunity to work part-time. In addition, there are state contract programs, which pay a portion of a student's tuition, and U.S. Armed Forces' scholarship programs, which require a service commitment following graduation.
The following list presents an overview of the most commonly used federal sources of assistance. Applicants are cautioned that requirements for the various loan programs may change or programs may be eliminated based on actions of the government.
- Federal Direct Loan Unsubsidized
- U.S. Department of Health & Human Services (DHHS) Loans for Disadvantaged Students (LDS)
- DHHS Health Professions Student Loan (HPSL)
- Federal Graduate PLUS loans
- Private alternative loans
- Institutional loan programs (limited)
- DHHS Scholarships for Disadvantaged Students (SDS)
- State contracts
- Military Health Professions Scholarship
- Institutional scholarship programs
Managing Educational Indebtedness
The majority of optometry students borrow to pay for the cost of their education. Borrowing means the student has the benefit of using someone else's money now in exchange for paying it back with interest at a later date. Students are legally obligated to repay their loans. Defaulting on a student loan has financial and legal consequences that can have negative personal and professional effects. The vast majority of optometry graduates repay their loans either on time or early. The financial aid office at a specific college can provide information on management of a student's debt.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Somebody went and vandalized Billy The Kid's tombstone, which is a 2,000-pound gravestone, and while they were at it, they stole three antique rifles and a shotgun from the old Fort Sumner Museum in New Mexico.
The thieves also vandalized other gravestones in the cemetery.
De Baca County authorities said that the criminals were still at large and that there is a $1,000 reward for information leading to the arrest.
Billy the Kid, born William Henry McCarty, Jr. in 1859, became a famed outlaw in the Wild West who according to legend killed 21 people, although it is generally believed that he actually killed between four and nine people.
He was a central figure in a violent, Irish-English land war in New Mexico, and was beloved by Mexican-American ranchers who felt discriminated against by racist white bankers and land thieves.
The Kid's end came only after he refused to abandon his Mexican-American teen girlfriend.
Most likely born in New York City, he came to New Mexico with his mother while searching for a better economic future.
It was in Silver City, N.M., that a young Billy the Kid learned Spanish and Mexican dances as he mingled easily among the territory's large Mexican-American population when others from the East Coast didn't even bother, according to Paul Hutton, a University of New Mexico American West historian, who appears in the new film.
When his mother died of tuberculosis when he was 15, Billy the Kid was left an orphan and raised largely by Mexican-American ranchers and sheepherders.
This helped the Kid later when he was on the run from the law and was given shelter by poor Mexican-Americans ranchers he befriended, Hutton said.


text:
AMES, Iowa – There are several risk factors that influence whether an offender walks out of prison for good or one day returns to the correctional system. States make a significant investment in treatment programs with the goal of reducing the rate of recidivism, and researchers at Iowa State University say that investment is paying off.
"It goes back to the big question: does treatment work? And we show pretty powerful effects overall that it does. There's nobody that can look at that kind of reduction and say dollars spent on treatment are not worth it," said Andy Hochstetler, a professor of sociology.
Researchers expected most of the benefits to appear in the short-term, but found that treatment was still effective even two years after the initial investment. The research also uncovered a significant disparity between urban and rural parolees that Hochstetler and David Peters, an assistant professor of sociology, cannot yet explain.
"We found that treatment only works for people paroled to urban areas, not for people in rural areas," Peters said. "We found that treatment has no effect for rural parolees. The spatial concentration of parolees in urban areas however, means that treatment works overall."
Treatment for urban parolees reduced the recidivism rate by 40 percent. Hochstetler and Peters can only speculate about reasons for the differences for rural parolees. They believe access and distance to treatment programs could be contributing factors. In their study, they controlled for factors such as severity of the original crime, time spent in prison and community structural issues.
"It's not the community poverty rate, it's not the labor economy and it's not all those other things," Hochstetler said.
Alcohol and drug issues
Substance abuse treatment is the most common type of assistance for offenders, followed by programs that help improve cognitive and decision-making skills. Although researchers can show that treatment works, 65 percent of offenders in Iowa do not complete any treatment program while they are incarcerated or during the first year after they are granted parole.
"The average sentence is pretty short, so a lot of the inmates are paroled before their treatment is complete," Hochstetler said. "A lot of inmates don't have to do treatment, a lot of them refuse treatment, and a lot of them have psychiatric problems that prevent the standardized kinds of treatment that the Department of Corrections can offer."
Researchers know that drug and alcohol problems increase the risk of recidivism and that rural parolees continue to struggle with substance abuse, even if they have received treatment.
"With substance abuse, some would argue that you can never really treat that, it's always going to be an ongoing problem. You're never cured," said Peters. "It's always something that you have to keep under control."
Urban parolees typically face fewer barriers to accessing treatment because there are more substance abuse programs available and they have greater access to public transportation. Peters and Hochstetler want to know if limited access and distance to programs in rural areas may increase the chances that parolees will relapse and violate the terms of their parole.
Ongoing research efforts
For the first phase of this research project, Hochstetler and Peters analyzed data about treatment programs and recidivism rates from the Iowa Department of Corrections and community-based corrections programs. They presented their findings to the Iowa Board of Corrections in January. The research is funded through a grant from the National Institutes of Justice.
Now they hope the second phase of their study – which includes interviews with probation officers and community corrections officials – will help them understand why treatment doesn't work for rural parolees.
"Clearly, there is a difference in how you engage rural and urban parolees. We don't know why, but we're hoping to say that for rural parolees there are certain strategies that work best and for urban parolees a different set," Peters said. "We're hoping to find a set of tools or best practices and strategies that we know will have an effect given the risks of the offenders."
Identifying those best practices can help reduce the rate of recidivism and provide a cost savings for states.


text:
American Professor Alfred W. Crosby (1931–2018), Academician of Science, has passed away at the age of 87.
During his academic career in the field of environmental and global history, Crosby worked at several US universities, such as Harvard University and the University of Texas at Austin, retiring in 1999 as Professor Emeritus of Geography, History and American Studies. He also held teaching positions at the University of Helsinki. In 1995, the Academy of Finland awarded him the title of Academician of Science, which is the highest academic honour in Finland.
Crosby was a pioneering scholar who worked to explain and improve our understanding of human history. He is regarded as one of the leading founders of environmental history. In his work, he combined research results from history, geography, biology and medicine to explore, for instance, why Europeans had been able to succeed with relative ease in populating North America, Australia and southern South America. He was also interested in shedding light on why some early cultures failed and disappeared, for example due to inflammatory diseases and epidemics. These phenomena and their causes were the topic of his classic books The Columbian Exchange: Biological Expansion and Cultural Consequences of 1492 (1972), Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe 900–1900 (1986), and America's Forgotten Pandemic: The Influenza of 1918 (1976/1989).
Crosby was a versatile researcher who was also interested in the history of science and technology. This interest inspired several works, such as The Measure of Reality: Quantification and Western Society, 1250–1600, Throwing Fire: Projectile Technology Through History, and Children of the Sun: A History of Humanity's Unappeasable Appetite for Energy. The historian Crosby described himself also as a scholar of the future, and his interest in shaping a better future lasted until his passing.
Based on nominations made by the Academy of Finland, the President of the Republic of Finland may confer the honorary title of Academician of Science to highly distinguished Finnish or foreign scientists and scholars. The title of Academician can be held by no more than sixteen Finnish scientists and scholars at a time. There are no restrictions on the number of foreign Academicians.
- Mikko Saikku, McDonnell Douglas Professor of American Studies, firstname.lastname(at)helsinki.fi, University of Helsinki
Academy of Finland Communications
Riitta Tirronen, Director of Communications
tel. +358 295 335 118
The Academy of Finland is a government agency within the administrative branch of the Finnish Ministry of Education, Science and Culture. Our mission is to fund high-quality scientific research, provide expertise in science and science policy, and strengthen the position of science and research. In 2018, our funding for research amounts to 444 million euros. Part of our funds comes from proceeds of Finland's national gaming company Veikkaus. In 2018, these proceeds account for 70.7 million euros of our total funding for scientific research.


Celtic Names
Bridget -Brigid is a pan-Celtic fire Goddess honored by many modern Pagans and Heathens. And the popular St Brighid of Ireland. The name means "exulted one"
Brodie -Brodie is a Scottish name that is usually a surname that can be used as boy's name. It may be of either Gaelic or Pictish origin. It refers to a location and a clan and its true meaning is a mystery. Various suggestions includebrow or overhanging ridge, ditch, mire, muddy place, a level piece of land, a point or spot, or even "brother." Or it may have originated from one of many Pictish kings named Bridei or Bruide, meaning unknown.
Bronwyn -The name Bronwyn is of Welsh origin and it means "white breast".
Bryn -Bryn is a name of Welsh origin that may be used for a girl or a boy. It means "hill" or "mound".
Cabhan -Cabhan is a man's name of Irish origin meaning "grassy hill" or "hollow".
Caelan -Caelan is a Gaelic name meaning "slender".
Cailean -Cailean is a Scottish name meaning "pup" or "whelp"… a baby dog. It is related to the name Colin. It is a boy's name but it could be used for a girl as well.
Caireann -Caireann is a girl's name of Irish origin, the name of a legendary ancestor of the High Kings of Ireland. The name means "little friend" or "little love"
Calder -Calder is a name of Scottish origin that is usually found as a surname but can be used as a given name for a boy. It means "stream". Like running water over a path. Or perhaps "cold water"
Calhoun -Calhoun is a Gaelic surname that can be used as a boy's first name. It means "from the narrow wood".
Cameron -Cameron is a Scottish name from the Gaelic cam sron meaning "crooked nose". Someone who has a crooked nose is probably a fighter.
Campbell -Campbell is a Scottish name most often seen as a surname though it can be used as a boy's first name. It means "crooked mouth". From the name Cathmhaoil. I believe the deeper meaning is something along the lines of "smart mouth" or "wise ass".
Caoimhe -Caoime is a girl's name of Irish origin meaning "gentle, beautiful, precious" and is similar to the name Kevin.
Cara -The girl's name Cara comes from Irish Gaelic meaning "friend".
Carlyn -The name Carlyn is a girl's name that may derive for the Gaelic Carollan or from the name Scandinavian Carl.
Carollan -Carollan is an Irish Gaelic boy's name meaning "little champion". It can also be used for a girl.
Carrick -Carrick is a boy's name of Irish origin meaning "a rock".
Cathan -Cathán is Gaelic boy's name which contains the element cath referring to battle. The name meaning is something like "little battler".
It is also the name of a 6th century Irish monk who became a Saint and had some churches dedicated to him in Scotland.
Céilidh -Cailidh is a Scottish Gaelic term referring to a dance where Scottish and Irish music are played (The Irish spelling is céilí). This term derived from the Old Irish céle, meaning "companion". This word can be used as a name for a girl.
Ceridwen -The name Ceridwen is a female name of Welsh origin. She was the mother of the bard Taliesin in welsh lore. The name Ceridwen means "blessed song".
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text:
You connect to an authoring instance with many handles (for example 10,000) with the CQDE and the instance freezes with high load. The IDE runs into a timeout after submitting the login credentials.
Work around the issue by doing the following:
- Open the /system/cqde/templates/server_tools.ecma file.
- Comment line (307):
var pages = Server.Tools.getWebPages(parentUrl);
- Add the following line:
var pages = new Object();
The result looks like the following:
// var pages = Server.Tools.getWebPages(parentUrl); var pages = new Object();
- Save the changes and restart CQ.


In our school teacher told that salutaion comes after subject ans fast
Dear student,
Salutation can be written both before and after the subject. However, it would be best if you follow the pattern which your teacher has asked you to follow as it would be in coherence with the latest marking scheme.
 - 0
hijo de puta
 - 1
What are you looking for?


text:
InGaN/GaN heterostructures were grown on c-plane sapphire substrates using metal organic chemical vapour deposition by varying the trimethylindium flow rate as 7, 10 and 14 μmol/min. The structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties of InGaN layers were investigated. Crystalline quality, dislocation densities comprising of screw and edge types in InGaN and GaN layer have been analyzed using High-Resolution X-ray Diffractometer (HRXRD). The composition of Indium (In) in the InGaN layers was estimated around 8–10% which was found to be dependent on the In flow rate. The strain between InGaN and underlying GaN layer have been analyzed through reciprocal space mapping studies along the (1 0–1 5) plane in InGaN/GaN heterostructures. The features of V and trench defects were observed using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy respectively. The V and trench defect density has been correlated with the pre-existing threading dislocation density estimated using HRXRD measurements. Also the trench defects were observed to be a coalescence of V defects in InGaN layers. The photoluminescence results showcased the band edge emission peaks at three different points (primary flat, centre, and Edge). These peak variations were found to be red shifted in all three points. This may be due to the fluctuations in the Indium composition and its corresponding V and trench defects respectively. The Hall measurements exhibit an alteration in the semiconducting behavior with respect to V and trench defect surrounded InGaN layers. And, it also emphasizes that the compressive strain in underlying GaN can lead to the high sheet concentration compared to the tensile strain in the underlying GaN layer. It clearly suggests that the V and trench defect surrounded InGaN layers are the suitable material for next generation optoelectronics applications.
- Metal organic chemical vapour deposition
- High-resolution X-Ray diffraction
- Trench defect
- Red shift
- Hall measurement
Prabakaran, K., Raju, R., Arivazhagan, P., Jayasakthi, M., Sanjay, S., Surender, S.,... Baskar, K. (2019). Effects of indium flow rate on the structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties of InGaN layers grown by metal organic chemical vapour deposition. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 811,. _URL_


text:
Help us engage underserved students in exploring and learning science, engineering, and math concepts through The Tech Challenge.
Underserved students are often underrepresented in math and science and are not given the opportunity to participate in after-school programs.
The Tech Museum believes every young person should have an opportunity to explore hands-on design. The Tech Challenge, one of The Tech Museum's signature programs, is our way of "inspiring the innovator in everyone."
The Tech Challenge provides months of team learning in science, engineering, and math. The Tech Challenge meets California Content Standards and reinforces 21st century skills of creativity, problem solving, design, teamwork, leadership, presentation, risk-taking, perseverance, and learning from failure.
We will reach out to and provide underserved youth the opportunity to participate in The Tech Challenge.
This project will provide an opportunity for 10 teams of under-served students to participate in The Tech Challenge. These students will have access to a program that reinforces the scientific process, inspires creativity, and builds teamwork skills.
"Lots of the students here have the potential, they just haven't had the opportunity. However, by the end of the program, we can see that their self-confidence and sense of accomplishment have grown." - Rosemary Baez, Executive Director, Third Street Community Center
Total Funding Received to Date: $8,780
Remaining Goal to be Funded: $16,220
Total Funding Goal: $25,000
This project has provided additional documentation in a PDF file (projdoc.pdf).
Director, Corporate Relations


Option Source
Options for controlling matching behaviour.
Enable case insensitive matching.
Allow comments and white space within patterns.
If set, '.' matches line terminators. Otherwise '.' matching stops at line end.
If set, treat the entire pattern as a literal string. Metacharacters or escape sequences in the input sequence will be given no special meaning.
The option CaseInsensitive retains its meanings on matching when used in conjunction with this option. Other options become superfluous.
Control behaviour of '$' and '^'. If set, recognize line terminators within string, Otherwise, match only at start and end of input string.
Haskell-only line endings. When this mode is enabled, only '\n' is recognized as a line ending in the behavior of '.', '^', and '$'.
Unicode word boundaries. If set, '\\b' uses the Unicode TR 29 definition of word boundaries.
Warning: Unicode word boundaries are quite different from traditional regular expression word boundaries. See _URL_
Throw an error on unrecognized backslash escapes. If set, fail with an error on patterns that contain backslash-escaped ASCII letters without a known special meaning. If this flag is not set, these escaped letters represent themselves.
WorkLimit Int
Set a processing limit for match operations.
Some patterns, when matching certain strings, can run in exponential time. For practical purposes, the match operation may appear to be in an infinite loop. When a limit is set a match operation will fail with an error if the limit is exceeded.
The units of the limit are steps of the match engine. Correspondence with actual processor time will depend on the speed of the processor and the details of the specific pattern, but will typically be on the order of milliseconds.
By default, the matching time is not limited.
StackLimit Int
Set the amount of heap storage avaliable for use by the match backtracking stack.
ICU uses a backtracking regular expression engine, with the backtrack stack maintained on the heap. This function sets the limit to the amount of memory that can be used for this purpose. A backtracking stack overflow will result in an error from the match operation that caused it.
A limit is desirable because a malicious or poorly designed pattern can use excessive memory, potentially crashing the process. A limit is enabled by default.
data ParseError Source
Detailed information about parsing errors. Used by ICU parsing engines that parse long rules, patterns, or programs, where the text being parsed is long enough that more information than an ICUError is needed to localize the error.
data Match Source
A match for a regular expression.
data Regex Source
A compiled regular expression.
Regex values are usually constructed using the regex or regex' functions. This type is also an instance of IsString, so if you have the OverloadedStrings language extension enabled, you can construct a Regex by simply writing the pattern in quotes (though this does not allow you to specify any Options).
class Regular r Source
A typeclass for functions common to both Match and Regex types.
regex :: [MatchOption] -> Text -> RegexSource
Compile a regular expression with the given options. This function throws a ParseError if the pattern is invalid, so it is best for use when the pattern is statically known.
regex' :: [MatchOption] -> Text -> Either ParseError RegexSource
Compile a regular expression with the given options. This is safest to use when the pattern is constructed at run time.
pattern :: Regular r => r -> TextSource
Return the source form of the pattern used to construct this regular expression or match.
find :: Regex -> Text -> Maybe MatchSource
Find the first match for the regular expression in the given text.
findAll :: Regex -> Text -> [Match]Source
Lazily find all matches for the regular expression in the given text.
Match groups
Capturing groups are numbered starting from zero. Group zero is always the entire matching text. Groups greater than zero contain the text matching each capturing group in a regular expression.
groupCount :: Regular r => r -> IntSource
Return the number of capturing groups in this regular expression or match's pattern.
unfold :: (Int -> Match -> Maybe Text) -> Match -> [Text]Source
A combinator for returning a list of all capturing groups on a Match.
span :: Match -> TextSource
Return the span of text between the end of the previous match and the beginning of the current match.
group :: Int -> Match -> Maybe TextSource
Return the nth capturing group in a match, or Nothing if n is out of bounds.
prefix :: Int -> Match -> Maybe TextSource
Return the prefix of the nth capturing group in a match (the text from the start of the string to the start of the match), or Nothing if n is out of bounds.
suffix :: Int -> Match -> Maybe TextSource
Return the suffix of the nth capturing group in a match (the text from the end of the match to the end of the string), or Nothing if n is out of bounds.


text:
The audit of UNFPA activities is carried out by UNFPA's external and internal auditors:
- External audit: fulfilled by the United Nations Board of Auditors (BoA); and
- Internal audit: assigned to the Division for Oversight Services (DOS), in particular the Internal Audit Branch.
The UN Board of Auditors was established by the General Assembly in 1946 to carry out the external audit of the accounts of the United Nations organization and its funds and programmes. The UN Board of Auditors' report on the UNFPA financial statements is a public document that is presented to the General Assembly through the Fifth Committee and after review and advice by the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions (ACABQ). The UN Board of Auditors' report on UNFPA financial statements is also presented to the UNFPA Executive Board.
As defined by the Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA) "Internal auditing is an independent, objective assurance and consulting activity designed to add value and improve an organization's operations. It helps an organization accomplish its objectives by bringing a systematic, disciplined approach to evaluate and improve the effectiveness of risk management, control, and governance processes."
Internal audit activities are carried out by the Division for Oversight Services (DOS), through its Internal Audit Branch.


Water vapor adsorption of 2D polysaccharide films to mimic the plant cell wall
Elina Niinivaara, Marco Faustini, Tekla Tammelin, Eero Kontturi
 Research output: Contribution to conferenceConference AbstractScientificpeer-review
 Biomimetic research typically focuses on a single aspect of the bigger picture in order to reproduce specific properties of biological materials. The intricacies that lead to such properties can often be attributed to hierarchical structures; technologies based on such structures include ultra-strong composites, self-cleaning surfaces and controlled adhesion. Here, a biomimetic approach has been applied to ultrathin cellulose films in order to imitate the water uptake behavior of the plant cell wall.
 The ultrathin film systems presented here comprise of consecutively deposited layers of entirely crystalline cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and primarily amorphous regenerated cellulose (from trimethylsilyl cellulose), which represent the semi-crystalline cellulose microfibrils and the dissipative hemicellulose-lignin matrix of the plant cell wall, respectively. Combining chemically identical components with distinctly different water vapor uptake capabilities provides an excellent platform with which to investigate the critical role of the crystalline-amorphous ratio of the cell wall.
 The water vapor uptake behavior of six two layered systems with varying crystalline-amorphous ratios was investigated using QCM-D and spectroscopic ellipsometry; three of the systems had ratios similar to that of the plant cell wall and three were predominantly amorphous. In the cell wall like systems, the presence of CNCs unexpectedly promoted water vapor uptake of the system; this finding concurs with previous studies describing an excess of water vapor adsorption at the crystalline/amorphous interface in plant cell wall models. Interestingly however, in the predominantly amorphous samples the presence of CNCs was found to inhibit the swelling of the system. It was found that the crystalline-amorphous ratio had a significant impact on the properties of the systems and as such the water uptake behaviors of two types of systems were incomparable to one another. The study further underlined the complexity with which nature has evolved and optimized the composition of the plant cell wall.
 Original languageEnglish
 Publication statusPublished - Mar 2016
 MoE publication typeNot Eligible
 Event251st ACS National meeting and Exposition - San Diego, United States
 Duration: 13 Mar 201617 Mar 2016
 Conference251st ACS National meeting and Exposition
 CountryUnited States
 CitySan Diego
 Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Water vapor adsorption of 2D polysaccharide films to mimic the plant cell wall'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
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text:
Dear Sirs, 2008
Nintendo DS, custom coded game, R4 card
Dear Sirs is a mobile poem—a workplace related resignation poem and marking of time using mesostics and numeric references to embed secret locative information within the poem on a Nintendo DS. Dear Sirs is a part of a series of works that are all interactive game like poems that exploit the relationship between the user, the hardware, the physicality of the user and the interface. Through visuals, text and interaction the poems circumvent and explore poetic/textual conventions and human empathy in a technological context. The participant is required to mark time along with the poet in order to experience the poem. For each stroke on the touch screen with the stylus—one letter of the poem is sequentially revealed. Referencing the famous poem "What you say" by John Cage, this work uses mesostics and embedded numbers to reveal a location—both virtual and physical, and a rejection of participation in problematic systems.


Taking a Look at Scottish Golf
If there is one sport that is the most popular in America today, it has to be golf. Golf is a popular club-and-disc sport where people use different clubs to shoot balls into a series of holes in a specific course as few strokes as humanly possible. When you first play a game of golf, you stand at the starting line and use a golf club to hit a ball that is shaped like a golf club. You then use a set of clubs that have different ends to hit different balls. There are many different types of clubs that you can play with, but in this article I'm only talking about the ones that are commonly used by professional golfers. If you want to learn more about the history of golf, or even how you can pick up a nifty new trick for swinging the club better, read on!
Golf was actually developed in Scotland, specifically in what is now known as the Highland Country. The first golf course was built at a place called Duncraig Park. This was actually the first golf course built in Scotland and the first one to be open to the public. The public loved the golf course, so many came, and since then, there have been several golf courses built in the area. Scotland is truly a golf heaven.
Golf has always been a popular sport in Scotland. In the early 15th century, King James I (yes, the king of England) personally visited his buddy John Bissard (yes, the same guy who introduced beer to the world back in the 15th century). Bissard had invited the king and his entourage to the golf course at his country estate of Balblair Castle. Here, they played a lot of golf, and the game really became popular. From there, golf spread all over Scotland, with most courses being public.
When Scotland first hosted the British Royal Tour in 1875, it was in Stratchclyde Country Park. This golf course was immediately popular, and so was David Mulligan's new course at Stratchclyde. Golf courses started springing up everywhere in Scotland, and the popularity just kept on growing. Golf courses were built in Stratchclyde Country Park, Stratchclyde High Street and even into town. Golf courses just got bigger in the following years, and now, there are literally hundreds of golf courses open throughout Scotland.
Golf courses started getting built on golf courses. David Mulligan built the very first private golf course, in Ayrshire. The Pee Dee golf course was built by John White, and later, there were also public golf courses built in Ayrshire and other parts of Scotland. With the popularity of golf, more companies started offering golf-related services in Scotland. Service companies such as Scottish Power offered electrical services, plumbing services, as well as other services related to golf courses.
In the coming years, Scotland became the birth place for many of the world's most popular tourneys. The practice of golf courses spread all across the country. This practice brought about a huge influx of tourists who wanted to learn how to play golf. As a result, new golf courses started springing up all over Scotland. The golf courses became huge tourist attractions.
Because of all these new developments, the golf courses started competing against each other. Golf courses started offering luxurious amenities to their visitors. They started to build hotels that could accommodate their guests. They also built golf resorts that were meant solely for golfers. Today, Scotland is known for its top quality golf courses.
There are still many golf courses that aren't as luxurious as they used to be. Some have only basic amenities. But because of the new developments, golf courses in Scotland have become some of the best in the world. These courses are known for being challenging, and they are an enjoyable way to spend a day on the course.
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Each Linux or Unix command returns a statusÂ For completeness, exit and return each accept an optional argument which is an integer (positive, negative or zero) which sets the return code as the remainder of the integer after division by 256. Terminate the current Powershell script. Conclusion. Examples #. I assume this is an undesirable result because a script doesn't know if it is being sourced or being run in a. To help explain exit codes a little better we are going to use a quick sample script. I have ~100 lines of script executing and I don't want to check return code of every line in the script. Exit with code 0. Instead of launching your script as. done. If your script has executable permissions, executing it directly without giving the name of the shell will execute it in a child shell too. See revised answer above which should be more correct. For my own reasons in ths script i have disabled the CTRL C using the trap command. Otherwise, the script will exit with status 1. Open the batch file in Notepad by right clicking on it and click on "Edit" from the list. It seems counter-intuitive that the condition if passes if the exit code is 0. 4. 4. Exit status is an integer number. docker run -it ubuntu bash. Conclusion # Each shell command returns an exit code when it terminates. Linux and Unix exit code tutorial with examples, Can you explain bash exit status code? If you have any questions or … There is one problem here. You can use the file command to see more detail. Exit status is an integer number. If a command is not found, the child process created to execute it returns a status of 127. The answers/resolutions are collected from stackoverflow, are licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license. Bash get exit code of command â How to use exit codes in shell scripts. #!/âbin/bash echo hello echo $? To end a shell script and set its exit status, use the exit command. The exit statement is used to exit from the shell script with a status of N. 2. 0 exit status means theÂ Exit Status. Exit Status. Using return instead of exit will allow you to still launch your script using. The first half explains the features of the shell; the second half has real-world, Exit and Exit Status, Success is traditionally represented with exit 0 ; failure is normally indicated with a non-zero exit-code. 6. Every Linux command executed by the shell script or user, has an exit status. In this tutorial, you will learn how you can pass string data from bash function to the caller by using different types of bash syntaxes. In any other language it would be the other way around â sjw Jun 4 '19 at 11:01 3, How to check the exit status using an if statement, But if you want to test whether a command succeeded or not, use the command #!/bin/bash echo "this will work" RESULT=$? There is a simple, useful idiom to make your bash scripts more robust - ensuring they always perform necessary cleanup operations, even when something unexpected goes wrong. 0 exit status means the command was successful without any errors. Exit statuses fall between 0 and 255, though,Â Likewise, functions within a script and the script itself return an exit status. Other numbers can be used, but these are treated modulo 256, so exit -10 is equivalent to exit 246, and exit 257 is equivalent to exit 1. You can exit the xterm window by closing the window or type exit at the bash prompt. Shell Scripting: Expert Recipes for Linux, Bash and more is my 564-page book on Shell Scripting. The current shell (or script or subshell*) is exited using exit and a function is exited using return. Convenient to read on the go, and to keep by your desk as an ever-present companion. But you need to use return to exit from a function only or a sourced script. Way 1 - Exit. This file is saved as exit.sh. It can alsoâÂ Shell Scripting Tutorial is this tutorial, in 88-page Paperback and eBook formats. 6. The Linux man pages stats the exit statuses of each command. To exit the function stack without exiting shell one can use the command: kill -INT $$ As pizza stated, this is like pressing Ctrl-C, which will stop the current script from running and drop you down to the command prompt. # Exit status 0 returned because commandÂ How to deal with the exit codes of all piped commands. script.sh, you can launch it bash script.sh. Exit and Exit Status, When a script ends with an exit that has no parameter, the exit status of the script is the exit status of the last command executed in the script (previous to the exit). Exit and Exit Status, #!/bin/bash RC=1 while [ $RC -eq 1 ] do _TAG_ something until it returns 0 RC=$? Examples # The commandsâ exit status can be used in conditional commands such as if. A non-zero (1-255 values) exit status means command was failure. A non-zero (1-255 values) exit status means command was failure. #!/bin/bash exit 1 Executing this script shows that the exit code is correctly set. Way 1 - System.Environment.Exit. bash exit.sh echo $? If a command is found but is not executable, the return status is 126. If you want to use exit and don't want to exit the terminal then "execute" the script by using./script after checking the execute permission on the script. For instance: rsync -azvh /dir -e ssh _EMAIL_:/ RESULT="$?" Terminate the current Powershell session. The exit status of a process in computer programming is a small number passed from a child process (or callee) to a parent process (or caller) when it has finished executing a specific procedure or delegated task. # Exit status 0 returned because command executedÂ When a bash function ends its return value is its status: zero for success, non-zero for failure. If we would like more fine grained control of a shell command's input and output in Python, we should use the subprocess module. The Linux man pages stats the exit statuses of each command. Bash ignoring error for a particular command, In bash script to stop execution on error. The cursor should reappear at the lower left corner of the screen beside a colon prompt. by a signal)). To set an exit code in a script use exit 0 where 0 is the number you want to return. Use the exit statement to terminate shell script upon an error. Exit and Exit Status, It can also return a value, which is available to the script's parent process. Further, the exit code is 127 (non-zero) as the nonexistant-command was not successful. Every Linux or Unix command executed by the shell script or user, has an exit status. (By convention, exit code 0 is for success and anything greater than 0 signifies failure; however, also by convention, exit codes above 127 are reserved for abnormal termination (e.g. What happens if I don't specify an exit code. The exit status is an integer number. if [ $RESULT -eq 0 ]; then echo ( 0 on success ); however, some commands don't return a non-zero exit status if For instance, on Linux GNU file still exits with 0 if it received a non-existing file asâÂ How to get the exit code of a command such as date and date-foo-bar From the above outputs, it is clear that the exit code is 0 indicates that date command was successful. Syntax EXIT [/B] [ exitCode ] Key /B When used in a batch script, this option will exit only the script (or subroutine) but not CMD.EXE If executed on the command-line it will close CMD.exe exitCode Sets the %ERRORLEVEL% to a numeric number. Running a Command with subprocess We can get a little fancier if we use DEBUG and EXIT traps to execute custom commands before each line of the script is run and before the script exits, respectively. – Stéphane Chazelas Aug 27 '20 at 5:51 your response makes me realize how little bash I actually know :0 – NSjonas Aug 27 '20 at 6:12 ssh serverA uptime ssh serverB uptime ssh serverC uptime # This block is exiting from script after executing ssh once with serverA. Exit Status (Bash Reference Manual), The exit status of an executed command is the value returned by the waitpid system call or equivalent function. Your shell script is a script; git is an ELF binary. # exit when any command fails set -e Putting this at the top of a bash script will cause the script to exit if any commands return a non-zero exit code. And paste the … How "Exit Traps" Can Make Your Bash Scripts Way More Robust And Reliable. If you exit … How to find out the exit code of a command. Returning Values from Bash Functions, Bash functions, unlike functions in most programming languages do not allow you to return a value to the caller. bash's special builtin only cause the shell to exit when it's in POSIX compliant mode. To exit without saving changes made: Press. For more info see: The exit status of a command; Bourne Shell Exit Status Examples. 2. Convenient to read on the go, and to keep by your desk as an ever-present companion. If N is not given, the exit status code is that of the last executed


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Ask Dr. Math - Questions and Answers from our Archives
Why Does a Negative Times a Negative Make a Positive?
Date: 11/25/2003 at 11:36:37
From: Brea
Subject: negative integers
When you have a negative integer, in order to multiply by another
negative number why would you have to go to the positive side of the
number line?
Date: 11/25/2003 at 16:56:03
From: Doctor Ian
Subject: Re: negative integers
Hi Brea,
It's really hard to understand this in terms of a number line.
One of the ways math works is that we make up simple ways of thinking
about some set of numbers; but those break down when we try to think
of other sets of numbers. So then we have to make up new ways of
visualizing our expanded sets.
The easiest example is fractions. At first, you learn to think of
something like 3/4 as meaning "break an item into 4 pieces, and keep 3
of them". That works okay as long as you're dealing with integers.
But what would
mean in those terms? How would you break something into 'pi' pieces?
And how would you keep sqrt(2) of them? Eventually, you have to let
go of the 'dividing into pieces' model, and just start thinking of
fractions as divisions that you haven't done yet.
Similarly, the number line is pretty good for thinking about addition
and subtraction, but it's not so good for thinking about
To be honest, I've never been able to think of a way that is both
intuitive and rigorously correct, to explain why the product of two
negatives is positive. There are nice ways to visualize the result,
but they don't explain why it _has_ to be that way. There is a pretty
simple proof, which goes like this:
 Let a and b be any two real numbers.
 Consider the number x defined by
 x = ab + (-a)(b) + (-a)(-b).
 We can write
 x = ab + (-a)[ (b) + (-b) ] (factor out -a)
 = ab + (-a)(0)
 = ab + 0
 = ab.
 x = [ a + (-a) ]b + (-a)(-b) (factor out b)
 = 0 * b + (-a)(-b)
 = 0 + (-a)(-b)
 = (-a)(-b).
 So we have
 x = ab
 x = (-a)(-b)
 Two things that are equal to the same thing are equal
 to each other, so
 ab = (-a)(-b)
But some people find that too abstract to be convincing. One way we
might visualize it is in terms of the coordinate plane. If we have
two values, which can be either positive or negative, and represent
those values as distances along the horizontal and vertical axes,
then the product of two positives is a positive area,
 | .
 | +.
 | .
and the product of a negative and a positive is a negative area,
 . |
 . - |
 . |
 | .
 | -.
 | .
So what about the remaining possibility? Well, so far, we've seen
that changing the sign of _either_ factor changes the sign of the
product. That is, in the diagram below,
 II | I
 III | IV
as we move from quadrant I to quadrant II, we change signs; and as we
move from quadrant I to quadrant IV, we change signs. So we should
also change signs as we move from II to III, or from IV to III, right?
But if we do that, we end up with a positive area in quadrant III...
which is just another way of saying that the product of two negatives
should be a positive.
So maybe that's another way to think about it. If we take _anything_,
and multiply it by -1, we should end up with a different sign,
shouldn't we? So let's start with something like
 a * b = c
where a, b, and c are all positive. If we multiply that by -1, we
have to end up with a different sign:
 -1 * (a * b) = -c
and if we multiply by -1 again, we have to end up with a different
sign again:
 -1 * (-1 * (a * b)) = c
Does that make sense so far? If we _don't_ do this, then sometimes
multiplying by -1 would change the sign, and sometimes it wouldn't.
That would be pretty strange.
So if
 c = -1 * (-1 * (a * b))
then, since we can group and order multiplications any way we want,
 = -1 * -1 * a * b
 = -1 * a * -1 * b
 = (-1 * a) * (-1 * b)
 = (-a) * (-b)
Do any of these explanations work for you? If not, I can try to find
another one that does. But could you let me know either way?
- Doctor Ian, The Math Forum
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Middle School Negative Numbers
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Thinking of cutting out a food group? Your dietitian wants a word with you first.
Regina George from "Mean Girls" went on an all-carb diet.
Admit it: you've probably thought about cutting out a food group at some point. Whether it's due to a trendy diet (such as the "no grains, no dairy" Paleo diet) or on suspicion of a food intolerance or allergy.
But the question needs to be asked: is cutting out a food group actually going to help the situation?
Liz Beavis, a dietitian and nutritionist from Newtown Nutrition, had plenty to say on this topic, and her resounding message was this: before you do anything, chat with an expert first. Because you don't want to miss out on that cupcake without a very good reason.
The issue with eliminating a food type from your diet without consulting a dietitian.
"A major concern is that by removing major food groups from your diet you are also reducing your intake of nutrients – such as vitamins and minerals – that these foods contain. For example, dairy is a major source of calcium, but also other nutrients such as zinc, vitamin A and riboflavin," explains Beavis.
Plus, having an upset tummy and deciding to exclude bread for fear you're gluten intolerant could only cause more problems.
"It could also just be coincidence that you feel better for removing that food. For example, if you are trying to eat dairy-free you may skip the pizza to avoid the cheese and feel better for it. But how do you know it was the cheese that's the culprit? As well as avoiding cheese, you also skipped many other foods, flavours, fat and possible additives which might normally make you feel queasy after eating pizza." (Post continues after gallery.)
Making an appointment with your dietitian with allow you to work with them to identify foods or food components that may set off your symptoms. This will allow you to properly alter your diet so that you're still getting the appropriate nutrition.
For people who truly struggle with food intolerances and gut issues, what are some of the most uncomfortable symptoms?
If you feel that you might have an intolerance or allergy, identifying key symptoms will give you a better idea of whether you need to take your concerns to the next level.
"For some people, they experience what we call 'urgency' which is when you've got a signal that you need to go to the toilet, you need to go right that second, because they experience immediate diarrhoea. If they don't get to a bathroom, it's not pretty," explains Beavis.
Poor Reuben (Ben Stiller) from "Along Came Polly" suffered a poo attack while on a date.
"Some people live on the over-the-counter medications that stop the diarrhoea, because they get diarrhoea every single day, and if they don't take it, they don't know what's going to happen."
The best tips for people living with diagnosed food intolerances.
"Understanding your body and what affects it (both positively and negatively) will give you the confidence to thrive. Learn what foods and lifestyle factors influence your own symptoms. There is no magic one-size-fits-all diet. Most types of food intolerances are not able to be measured by standard medical tests," explains Beavis.
Our advice? See you GP or health professional before you think about cutting out food groups at random.
"Many people are worried that dietitians are the 'food police' who will judge them on what they eat, but that shouldn't be the case at all, your dietitian should help you to understand your health issues and create some strategies to address them. Find a dietitian who specialises in your health issues so you can receive expert and up-to-date advice."
Keeping a food diary of everything you eat and the symptoms you experience afterwards will be helpful for you and your health professional to identify what could be going on.
Have you cut out a food group? Why did you do it, and what were the results?
00:00 /???


Sunday, August 24, 2014
Meet the scientists who sat Governor Rick Scott down & explained the CAGW scam
According to the article below from, the "scientists who sat Rick Scott down and explained climate change to him" used the tired & repeatedly debunked climate propaganda techniques of Al Gore to "make the case for climate action." Their climate propaganda included
1. Claiming ice core data shows CO2 controls temperature.
In fact, CO2 levels in ice cores lag temperatures by 800+ years. The cause cannot follow the effect [mathematical & observational proof]. Observations show CO2 lags temperature on short, intermediate, and long-term timescales, therefore, temperature changes drive CO2 levels, not the other way around.
2. Claiming "Other forces, like El Nino/La Nina, volcanoes and solar irradiance cannot alone explain all of the variability we've observed, and global temperature change cannot be understood without taking greenhouse gas emissions into account"
3. Claiming Florida is facing an impending disaster from sea level rise.
Global sea levels have been naturally rising for ~20,000 years and have decelerated over the past 8,000 years, decelerated over the 20th century, decelerated 31% since 2002 and decelerated 44% since 2004 to less than 7 inches per century. There is no evidence of an acceleration of sea level rise, and therefore no evidence of any effect of mankind on sea levels. Sea level rise is primarily a local phenomenon related to land subsidence, not CO2 levels. Therefore, areas like Miami Florida which is built on soft limestone have higher rates of relative sea level rise, but this has absolutely nothing to do with man-made CO2.
Were these "scientists" trained in climate propaganda techniques by Bill Nye and Al Gore's Climate Unreality Project?
Meet the scientists who sat Rick Scott down and explained climate change to him
The Florida governor gave experts a half-hour to make the case for climate action. Here's what they told him
Florida Gov. Rick Scott (Credit: AP Photo, File)
Rick Scott, who governs a state described as "ground zero" for the effects of climate change, refuses to say whether he believes that climate change is happening. When put on the spot, he dodges the question by saying he's "not a scientist." Which is why members of his constituency who are scientists felt obligated to set him straight. Last month, 10 Florida scientists sent the governor a letter offering to explain what's happening in the climate system and why it poses a threat to the state.
Scott, because there was no way he could get away with not doing so, gave them a half-hour of his time. The briefing went down Tuesday; Thursday morning, three of those scientists — Jeff Chanton, a professor of oceanography at Florida State University; Ben Kirtman, a professor of meteorology and physical oceanography at the University of Miami; and David Hastings, a professor of marine science and chemistry at Eckerd University — recapped what went down.
In order to make sure everyone was on the same page, the presentation went way back. Like, Climate Science 101 back. Which is arguably what Scott needed. They started with ice cores, explaining how scientists drill into glaciers in order to uncover a chronological record of temperature and atmospheric conditions stretching back hundreds of thousands of years. Chanton demonstrated how concentrations of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and methane are clearly correlated with temperature "in a very significant way," and how current CO2 levels, which are off the charts, are clearly influencing temperature, and will continue to do so in the future:
Throughout their presentation, the scientists emphasized, again and again, how robust this science is, and how it's been supported by multiple lines of evidence. Kirtman, for example, explained why scientists are so overwhelmingly certain that human activity is contributing to climate change. Other forces, like El Nino/La Nina, volcanoes and solar irradiance cannot alone explain all of the variability we've observed, and global temperature change cannot be understood without taking greenhouse gas emissions into account:
And so on and so on, with a special emphasis on what rising sea levels will mean for South Florida (disaster).
Is it possible that Scott didn't already know most of this? It seems unlikely. But now he can no longer deny that he's seen the evidence for himself. It doesn't matter whether he's a scientist, the presenters emphasized, because being an expert isn't part of his job description — just as understanding the science behind climate change shouldn't have anything to do with political affiliation. And he's lucky to lead a state full of smart, engaged, passionate scientists who are willing to hold his hand and walk him through the complicated stuff.
What Scott is required to do, however, is to listen to the facts, and to then use that information to lead his state forward, both in mitigating climate change and in adapting to the effects that are already being experienced. All three were unflaggingly optimistic that both are possible. But Scott needs to meet them halfway. The scientists admitted that they're frustrated, and said that the short amount of time they were allotted — along with the pressure of knowing that the press was watching — kept Scott from really engaging with them on the science. Still, they feel sure he must have gotten something out of it (just to be sure, they gave him a book on sea level rise to take home and read on his own). Added Hastings, "We'd be willing to try again."
Lindsay Abrams
 1. Global warming alarmists say the seas will rise 260 feet with a few degree rise in the atmospheric temperature, but any ice within the Arctic Circle and Antarctic Circle will not melt as they are in darkness six months of the year. A few degree temperature change will not make a difference in deep freeze.
 According to The Journal of Geophysical Research, JGR, all the glaciers total 41,000 cubic miles of ice which melt to 36,900 cubic miles of water. This would increase the water level on Earth 1.31 feet or 15.6 inches and not the 260 feet claimed by the USGS bureau.
 The published JGR analysis is never reported in mainstream media. People who want to scare you say the seas will rise 260 ft., but if all the ice were to melt it would only account for 214 feet. The elected ruling class wants new taxes, your money and more power by scaring you. It is just that simple.
 For science and political matters explained to you in language you can understand come to "Two Minute Conservative," with Google and when you speak they will listen.
 1. I think that I will need to ask you to'scuse me for preferring the analysis of the USGS to the "analysis" of somebody who thinks that "Two Minute Conservative," is all ye know on earth, and all ye need to know.
 2. I don't endorse Mr. Vance's "Two Minute Conservative" website or his calculations above, which I discredited on another post. However, his comment met the comment policy, so it was published
 2. CO2 is a "trace gas" in air, insignificant by definition. It absorbs 1/7th as much IR, heat energy, from sunlight as water vapor which has 188 times as many molecules capturing 1200 times as much heat making 99.9% of all "global warming." CO2 does only 0.1% of it. For this we should destroy our economy?
 The Medieval Warming from 800 AD to 1300 AD that Micheal Mann erased to make his "hockey stick" was several degrees warmer than anything "global warmers" fear. It was the longest recorded time, 500 years, of peace with great abundance for all.
 Most scientists and science educators work for tax supported institutions eager to help government raise more money for them. And, they love being seen as "saving the planet."
 Google "Two Minute Conservative," and you will be applauded when you speak truth at your next dinner party, barbecue or church picnic.


text:
Back to index
The Flux OSKit: A Substrate for Kernel and Language Research
Bryan Ford, Godmar Back, Greg Benson, Jay Lepreau, Albert Lin, and Olin
The Flux OSKit provides clean, well separated and document library-like
components that provide core functionality of operating systems; the
separation allows OS developers to easily incorporate or override the
functionality of individual components as desired, yielding rapid OS
development time at the price of performance.
- Main concern of this paper: doing OS research is hard, because
building OS's involves writing large amounts of intricate, messy
code to deal with hardware. Most OS's have a large amount of
code in common; the OSKit provides library-like code components
that implement much of this common functionality, and maintains a
clean enough module separation that individual modules that be
used, excluded, or overriden at will.
- Secondary concerns: this paper uses the "level of
indirection" solution of computer science. All modules are
completely abstracted away through glue code (both for upcalls
and downcalls - the modules are surrounded by glue instead of
having just a layer of glue on top). Benefits:
- It is easy to incorporate and use components: e.g. don't
need to know hardware-specific details of ether cards
in order to incorporate/use ethernet drivers
- It is easy for components to communicate with each
other - the COM interface standard is used, meaning
there is a well-known way for components to find out
each other's basic and extended functionality
- By abstracting away through glue encapsulation, it is
possible to pick and choose among the myriad of
operating systems out there and bring the best features
of each into the OSKit. Linux device drivers and BSD
networking code are all part of OSKit, suitably
encapsulated in glue code.
- Performance? They made little attempt to optimize OSKit for
performance - flexibility and rapid development was their goal,
not blazing speed. This is a MAJOR difference between OSKit and
other OS research platforms like SPIN, Vino, Exokernel,...
Bottom line: OSKit seems to provide what the developers intended - very
rapid and painless OS development time, but with plenty of opportunity for
specialization. Steve says "two thumbs up with a circle".
- OSKit attempts to minimize cross-module dependencies by
abstracting away functionality. Of course, by doing
so, you lose the ability to take advantage of features
not present in the abstraction. Counter-argument: if
you want to do that, the clean separation allows you to
specialize the component that you're interested in.
Question: are there specializations that I may be
interested in that would force me to change large
amounts of an OS, not just isolated modules?
- Dynamic binding: devices are represented by tables of
functions, which can be swapped around at run-time.
How do device-driver users know the semantics of the
functions? Are all possible sets of function tables
for a class of devices assumed to have identical
semantics, but different implementations?
- Performance: sucks now because of all of the extra
glue, and some extra data copies incurred because of
the glue. Question: could OSKit be the right approach
in the long term, when relative CPU cycles are
abundant and the glue stops being the overhead? I.e,
is OSKit the right architecture for an "I/O
- How much of the OSKit structure is necessarily x86
dependant? (Impossible to tell from paper.)
Back to index


text:
Energizer POWERWIN LiFePO4 Power Station
A lithium power station like the Energizer PPS320 is a portable battery-based energy storage system that can be used to power a home or outdoor event. It typically consists of a large lithium iron phosphate battery pack, a charge controller that regulates the charging and discharging of the batteries, and an inverter that converts the stored DC power into usable AC power. These power stations are designed to be highly reliable, safe and durable compared to traditional lead-acid batteries and can be charged using renewable energy sources such as solar panels.
The Energizer PPS320, 12V portable power station is a compact, portable energy storage device designed for camping and outdoor activities. It typically contains a rechargeable battery, an inverter that converts DC power to AC power, and a set of output ports for charging or powering a variety of devices. 12V output is typically used to power lights, fans, small refrigerators, and other low-power devices.
Portable power stations are also equipped with built-in solar panels, which allows them to be charged outdoors using solar power. Solar panels like the POWERWIN PWS110 are typically compact and lightweight, making them easy to transport and use when camping or hiking. It can provide a source of charging for energy storage anytime, anywhere. Energizer POWERWIN, power to win!


text:
Make a cheap, high-tech nozzle to eliminate turbulence and create incredible water effects.
By Larry Cotton and Phil Bowie
Laminar-flow water charms and fascinates. It behaves quite differently from ordinary turbulent water, such as the flow from a faucet or garden hose. A laminar stream is so perfect it could pass for a glass rod. It doesn't splash upon hitting a surface, it will conduct light like a fiber-optic cable, and it's so cohesive, it will enwrap and levitate a smooth sphere, even at a surprising angle to the vertical.
In 2011, we drove 600 miles from our North Carolina homes to Disney's Epcot theme park to study the "Leap Frog" fountain, which chops a laminar stream into arcs, creating impish, cavorting water creatures. We've been obsessed with laminar flow phenomena ever since, joining an online cult of experimenters.
We have achieved laminar flow simply and inexpensively by making a nozzle from a big plastic peanut butter jar, scrub pads, drinking straws, and standard PVC pipe and hose fittings. A fine way to show off its elegant stream is to build a fountain using this nozzle as its heart. It's easy to make, and can produce captivating shapes or even levitate lightweight spheres.


text: This data set represents the monthly, accumulated results of the final (10-day) version of the fire perimeters from the "Burnt Area Daily NRT Incremental Product - Europe, Sentinel-3" dataset. The burn perimeters are spatially and temporally correlated, so that interrelated detections from consecutive observations are combined into a single feature. A perimeter is interpreted as belonging to a given event if a spatial overlap exists within a time frame of 15 days. Besides the geometry, attribute information is also combined while considering the size of the perimeter as a weighting factor. Each feature contains information about the final fire perimeter, Date/Time of the first detection, and the averaged burn severity.


5 Ways you Trick yourself into Prolonging Emotional Pain
Articleslife coachingComments Off on 5 Ways you Trick yourself into Prolonging Emotional Pain
emotionalpainMany people are surprised to learn that their favorite coping mechanism for handling emotional pain actually causes more problems than it solves.
Let's look at four solid steps to effectively dealing with emotional pain and five reactions that trick you into prolonging it.
Imagine that someone hurts your feelings. To deal with it effectively you might 1) notice the emotional pain without denying it. Then 2) express your feelings maturely, 3) clear up any misunderstandings, and 4) set new expectations and a plan to move ahead. Then, you can let the emotional pain go, feeling like you have dealt with the situation.
Most people don't take these steps out of their emotional pain. Why?
Why on earth would you hang on to emotional pain? The gist of it is that it maintains the status quo. At some point in life, probably before you can remember, you grew accustomed to a certain brand of emotional pain, and your mind simply assimilated it as part of the deal.
You developed a tolerance for it and perhaps even developed an identity around suffering emotional pain. Now, if you have not consciously come to terms with it, you trick yourself in to maintaining the status quo. In fact, some people cannot fathom life outside the box of emotional pain they live in.
To see how this plays out, let's look at a hypothetical example. Imagine that someone you know rudely interrupts you in the middle of a sentence and it hurts your feelings.
Here are five ways you trick yourself into hanging onto emotional pain.
So there you are. You've just been rudely interrupted. How can you virtually guarantee that you will revel in it for some time to come?
1. Outright denial. A sure way to keep your emotional pain festering is to deny its existence. Just pretend you didn't notice the interruption. If someone asks if it bothered you later, you say, "Oh, no. I don't let that kind of thing get to me. Life is too short to make a fuss!" Make nice and completely bury your feelings. Hopefully you will forget all about it. But you won't. It will eat at you. It will fester. It will turn into resentment that will pop out unexpectedly and create more pain. You have tricked yourself into carrying this one and adding it to the pile of other stressors you have denied.
mouthshut2. Refusing to express. Ok, you have acknowledged to yourself that the rude interruption hurt your feelings, but you won't speak up. You tell yourself that you shouldn't have to say anything or that he wouldn't care anyway.
You try to continue to conversation, but are distracted by what a rude jerk you are dealing with. If he ask what is wrong, you say something like, "Nothing, sorry I'm just a bit tired. Don't mind me."
You are still stuck in stress and now it is building.
Regardless, expressing the emotional pain at the source is a key factor in letting it go. If you find a reason to withhold yourself, you are also finding a reason to hang onto the hurt.
3. The freak out. In this case, you do the opposite of withholding and just let it rip. You fly off the handle or exaggerate the situation. You say, "How dare you! Who do you think you are to sit there and ignore every word I say and then cut me off like I don't matter? Where were you raised? In a barn?
This encourages your adversary to defend himself, accuse you of being insane and pretend he is no longer obligated to listen to such a lunatic. Does this alleviate your stress or just invite more?
4. Making excuses. "He's under a lot of pressure and he's nervous, so who am I to add to it by making more demands? Give the guy a break, nobody's perfect."
Letting him off the hook by making excuses for him may help avoid a conflict, but won't ease your stress. How will you stand up for yourself if you keep finding reasons that others are justified in hurting your feelings?
cotton_candy5. Sugar-coating. Mary Poppins sang, "A spoonful of sugar helps the medicine go down," but I don't think emotional pain was the medicine she had in mind.
Just the same, sugar coating emotional pain makes it more tolerable. Believe it or not, human beings (including you) are masters at it. How could you sugar-coat a rude interruption?
Oh, it's not that big of a deal. It happens all the time. Lighten up.
I have to keep a positive attitude here! Nothing has power to bother me!
Patience is a virtue and this is a good opportunity to practice.
You've just made your stress tolerable, instead of dealing with it, like candy-coating small doses of cyanide – it's easier to swallow.
If you catch yourself doing any of the above, ask yourself if it will really help to resolve your emotional pain, or to hang onto it. When you come to see that your efforts to cope only prolong the stress, you may opt for a different path.
If you need help to apply the principles in this article, consider personal coaching with Mike Bundrant. To inquire, fill out the form below and someone will be in touch soon.
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text:
A Comparative Study of Control Structures Applied in Gas Lift Systems to Prevent Casing Heading
Gas lift is an artificial lift technique which is intended to be used in oil and gas production systems to enhance the oil recovery rate. The technique is used in production systems which suffers from insufficient production rates because of inadequate reservoir pressure. The principle is to inject extra gas, from an external source, into the fluid mixture flowing out of the reservoir. This reduces the weight of the fluid column, which in turn enables the reservoir pressure to lift the mixture of fluids up to the surface. Thus, the restriction in production rate, resulting from insufficient reservoir pressure, is resolved.
The casing heading instability cycle is a phenomenon which may occur in such gas lift systems at certain pressure and flow conditions. In such a case, a blocking constraint leads to an accumulation of gas that is building up a high pressure in the container storing the extra gas. Eventually the pressure is able to overcome the blocking constraint which further leads to a production flow blow out at the surface. This process repeats itself over a period of several hours. The resulting flow regime may be damaging to the receiving surface equipment. It also leads to a decrease in the average production rate, which is highly undesirable.
In this thesis a new low order mathematical model to describe the casing heading instability is presented. The model is further compared and fitted to a gas lift case implemented in the advanced OLGA flow simulator, which is regarded as the real flow process in this thesis. A controllability analysis is performed on the newly fitted model, and the results of the analysis are used to investigate which control structures that seems reasonable for stabilizing the casing heading instability. The most promising control strategies are further tested in simulations, both on the low order model and on the advanced flow simulator. The results from the analysis, which is further confirmed in simulations, show that out of the measurement candidates that were considered in this thesis, the bottom hole pressure, i.e., the pressure measured in the well or near the depth of the producing formation, is the single best measurement to use for both disturbance rejection and stabilization of the system. However, this measurement is known to be unreliable, if at all available, because of its location in a harsh environment. Another control structure which showed promising results both in analysis and simulations is therefore concluded as the better choice. This is a cascaded control structure, which only relies on realistically available top side pressure measurements. It proved successful in stabilizing the system.
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institutt for teknisk kybernetikk, 2012., 126 p.
ntnudaim:7035, MTTK teknisk kybernetikk
IdentifiersURN: urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-18429Local ID: ntnudaim:7035OAI: oai:DiVA.org:ntnu-18429DiVA: diva2:565923
Hovd, Morten, ProfessorSkogestad, Sigurd