Home > Subjects > Purpose and Features of Therapeutic And Prosthetic Devices
Purpose and Features of Therapeutic And Prosthetic Devices
One of the important uses of medical electronics are the diagnostics tools or the tools that aid in surgeries. These instruments have features which are designed to sense, record and display physiological signal. Electric simulators, ventilators, artificial organs (e.g. artificial kidney), prosthetic devices, heart-lung machines, implantable devices(pacemakers), drug delivery pumps (e.g. insulin pumps) etc. are some of the examples of therapeutic and prosthetic devices whose main purpose is to treat human ailments or aid surgeons in the surgeries. Some of these design features of some of the devices are explained in detailed.
1.1 Cardiac pacemakers and electric stimulators
 In the field of medical care electric simulators are of common use. In this section two of the most common and important electric stimulator devices used to detect and correct arrhythmias are high-current simulators such as, cardiac defibrillators and the low-current simulators such as the cardiac pacemakers and of the
Cardiac Pacemakers
The purpose of the cardiac pacemakers is to maintain the natural heartrate. It can work to provide aid to first degree, second degree and third-degree heart block. This electric simulator which produces electric pulses (synchronized with the heart's pulse rate) in specific period, delivered through the electrodes; which are situated in the inner lining of the heart, hence regulating the heartbeat. Two of the types of these artificial cardiac pacemakers are asynchronous and synchronous.
The asynchronous pacemaker (running at the uniform rate of 70-90bpm) maintains a constant heart rate, meaning the electric impulses are delivered at a constant rate. Whereas synchronous pacemakers usually provide the heartrate when required by the patient; demand pacemaker provides a heartrate of 60-90bpm, which has a feedback and reset mechanism and is on a standby mode whenever the heart is functioning normally.
Another type which is called the atrial-synchronous pacemaker uses an atrial electrode to detect atrial contraction, use ventricular electrodes to stimulate the ventricle synchronized with the atrial contraction. Combination of atrial and demand synchronous pacemakers (operate as a demand-pacemaker if no atrial conduction occurs) and a rate responsive pacemaker (programmed to control the pulse generator using various physiological variables measured by implanted sensors).
 A primary battery (lithium iodide: 2.8V, open circuit voltage and high source resistance) is used as a source to provide power to the device. The oscillator in the device basically provides the pulse rate produced in the circuit and delivered through the electrodes.
The oscillators use either a quartz crystal or microprocessors which are the part of the timing circuit (logic circuits) which is basically a free running oscillator running at the rate of 60-150bpm.
 The output circuit is the main part which generates actual electric stimulus being applied to the heart through triggering from the timing circuit. Hence providing a constant voltage-amplitude impulse of 5.0-5.5V at 500-600 s or providing a constant current of 8 to 10 mA at 1.0-1.2 ms. The packaging which is the most important part; is sealed is electrically lasered or welding.
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Figure 1.1 Block diagram of a rate-responsive pacemaker
There are some limitations on the use of synchronous cardiac pacemakers, especially when the patient is near electromagnetic fields of great strength, such as those produced by nearby microwave ovens, powerful radio transmitters, and radar stations. Discuss these limitations and describe the mechanisms involved.
Lead wires and electrodes
To carry the electric impulses from the circuit to the device, lead wires are used due to good electrical conductivity.
Due to the patient's movements, the mechanical strength of the lead wires is suitable to withstand the movements or motion when the patients move and provide constant heart beating at the same time (due to the electric conductivity).
The insulation of these wires is of great advantage, the electrodes present in the insulation shunts current from the areas where it is not needed. To provide such features these wires are helically interwound (hence minimizing stress and ensuring conductivity if one of the wires ruptures) covered with silicon or polyurethane cylinder.
The electrodes are designed to withstand stress against the tensile forces. It is introduced to the body through a vein in the shoulder or the neck. This device could be either unipolar (one electrode in the heart) or bipolar (two electrodes in the heart). The materials are almost the same as lead wires although platinum alloys and stainless steel could also be used.
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Figure 1.2 (a) Bipolar intraluminal electrode. (b) Intramyocardial electrode.
The package of the pacemaker must be biocompatible with the body and it must be protective of the corrosive environment (both damaging device and may cause risk to the body). It must be designed to be compact, so it should have minimal volume and mass. Usually they are designed titanium or stainless steel. Or of the alloys of titanium or stainless steel, so it doesn't corrode in the corrosive environment that is provided by the body; these alloys are also friendly to the environment of the human body hence no harm is done internally.
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Figure 1.3 A transcutaneous RF powered electronic (passive simulator, amplitude applied to the electrodes is dependent on the coupling coefficients of the internal and external coils)
 - Failure to pace the appropriate cardiac chamber:
 - Output failure
 - Capture failure
 - Problems with detecting intracardiac signals
 - Under sensing
 - Oversensing (sensing signals that it should not normal encounter)
 - Pseudo malfunction
 - Crosstalk with resultant safety pacing (inappropriate inhibition in the second chamber)
Bladder Stimulators
It is used to provide aid to the patients with urinary incontinence (due to weak sphincter muscle surrounding the urethra or increased pressure within the bladder due to coughing or laughing or neurologically excited excessive contraction of the detrusor muscle of the bladder) or another neurological dysfunction. To aid the patients, electric stimuli is needed in the muscles or in the nerves of the nervous system of the human body.
These stimulations are provided through the electrodes in or near the muscles or nerves involved in the sphincter control of the urethra; which is introduced through anal or vaginal insertion. The pulse duration is 0.5-5 ms for muscle electrodes or 100-400 ms for neural electrodes, it has the pulse repetition rate of 20-100 pulses/second. The circuit provides an average current of about 1 mA, transcutaneous RF powered electric stimulator is used or to provide continuous stimulations.
Muscle Stimulator
It is used to provide physical therapy to the muscle contractibility which could be used to provide exercise, or the patient temporarily paralyzed from muscle atrophy (disuse may cause muscle loss). It provides functional electric stimulation to the muscles' damaged nervous system. It has multiple electrodes with different stimulation sequence from a controller produce movement (usually controlled by the patient).
These are also used for the patients with drop foot prothesis(strokes) consider figure 1.3 who are unable to lift the ball of the foot hence susceptible to tripping).
Stimulator provides constant-current charge transfer per pulse. It is constant for varying load impedance with pulse current of 2 -20 mA with pulse duration of 1 ms and has peak voltage of 3-30 V at the electrodes depending on the load.
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Figure 1.4 A simulator system for use on a strokes patients suffering from gait problems(associated with dropfoot).
Cochlear Prosthesis
A stimulator for the patients with hearing impairment from dysfunction of the sound-transducing an apparatus of the middle and inner ear. There is an externally designed unit and implanted unit. Electrodes are inserted into the scala tympani, facing the basilar membrane; the thin wires cast in an elastomer (silicone) or an array of thin-film deposited on the electrodes on a flexible polymer


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A new way to crack or bypass Windows Vista activation is by installing OEM version of Vista on your PC. However, Windows Vista OEM activation needs a new table named SLIC in ACPI module of computer BIOS, and new values in RSTD table, as part of SLP 2.0 (System-Locked Preinstallation). If your motherboard or BIOS ACPI module does not contains the SLIC table, you will need to modify or patch the BIOS to add in the table, plus set a correct OEM ID and OEM Table ID that match the corresponding OEM digital certificate. After modification, you can install Windows Vista with OEM product key and has Windows Vista activated instantly without the need to activate online, as if your Vista system is OEM version that comes preinstalled in branded computer such as HP, Dell, Lenovo, Acer and etc.
Almost all motherboard BIOS can be modified to add in the necessary value needed in SLP2.0. The following guide is based on popular Award BIOS, which is commonly used in DIY or self-build PC or system builder motherboard. For a successful Windows Vista activation, four aspects have to be present:
- OEMID and OEMTableID inside BIOS's ACPI RSDT table.
- SLP Public Key (PubKey) and SLP Marker inside BIOS's ACPI SLIC table.
- OEM product key – listed below in the instructions.
- Microsoft's signed OEM digital certificate.
The utilities or tools that you need include the following:
- CBROM 2.15 or CBROM 2.19 – A tool to add, edit or exchange the components of an Award Modular BIOS. The tool is needed to edit and exchange ACPI digital byte-code table.
- MODBIN6 2.01.01 – Used to modify the Award Modular BIOS strings or options. The tool is needed to modify Award core BIOS module, as CBROM is unable to edit the BIOS module.
- WinHEX – A popular HEX editor used to modify content in the ACPI table.
As seen above, for successful activation, a modification has to be made to RSDT table and SLIC table has to be added. Following is the step to perform to modify motherboard by using Award BIOS as an example so that Windows Vista can be activated as OEM version:
- Create a temporary folder (Vista or BIOS is you like) at root directory (C:\)
- Download CBROM 2.19, MODBIN6 2.01.01 and WinHEX with download links above, and place them in the temporary folder.
- Extract your motherboard BIOS image with name in the format of XXXXXXXX.bin (if the BIOS image name is not with.bin extension, rename it) to the temporary folder by using tool like WinFlash. The easy way is to download the corresponding BIOS file which intended for flash BIOS upgrade from motherboard manufacturers' websites.
- Run modbin6.exe by double clicking on it.
- Select the BIOS image file at the MODBIN6 menu.
- Do not close the window of MODBIN6. Now go to the File Explorer for the temporary folder, you will notice that some more files have been created. Among them, ORIGINAL.BIN is the one that needs to be modify.
- Launch WinHEX and open ORIGINAL.BIN.
- Search for the string of "RSDT" (without quotation marks). You will see ACPI tables in the BIOS. Every 4 characters represents a table in ACPI. Only table name located in this index can be recognized by BIOS and loaded into memory. So in order to load SLIC which is needed by SLP 2.0 for Windows Vista OEM activation, an unimportant table has to be replaced. In this case, you will likely have 2 following options:
- You see a long string such as "RSDT FACP DSDT APIC SSDT SRAT FACS". In this case, SRAT can be safely replaced, and won't affect ACPI functionality.
- You see a slightly shorter string such as "RSDT FACP DSDT APIC MCFG FACS". In this case, the choice of table replacement is lesser. First choice of table to be replaced in MCFG, which shouldn't cause any problem to your system. If MCFG is not available, you can try to replace APIC with SLIC, but you may need to reinstall the operating system.
- You see a very short string of "RSDT FACP DSDT FACS". In this case, you're out of luck, as all is needed for normal functionality of ACPI.
- You cannot find the "RSDT" or any of the above strings at all. This situation likely to happen in new mobo or new BIOS, may be due to change in the way BIOS lookup ACPI tables. In this case, you can try to downgrade and download older version of BIOS file to see if the ACPI is alterable. Else you're out of luck too.
Note: Improved hack to add in SLIC table into BIOS ACPI instead of replacing. Able to solve scenario 3 above.
- Replace the table name you selected (SRAT, MCFG or ACPI) with SLIC.
- Save the modify BIOS file.
- Switch to MODBIN6 window, press F2 to save or click on File, then select Save.
- Open command prompt by type Cmd in Run. Change directory or folder to the temporary folder if need to.
- Type "cbrom219 XXXXXXXX.bin /acpitbl extract" (without quotes) and press Enter.
- Press Enter again when prompted for an extract file name to use the default name of acpitbl.bin.
- Use WinHEX to open acpitbl.bin.
- Search for "RSDT" string (without quotes). The OEMID and OEMTableID is the identifier string for SLP 2.0 that has to match with the product key, and thus has to edit to match according to the OEM product key and certificate that you have.
- OEMID has 6 characters, and OEMTableID has 8 characters. Each hardware manufacturer will have their own identifier here. So if you value your desktop or laptop computer brand, you need to figure out the correct value for it. However, if you're using generic mobo, you can locate the string of "RSDT4…..XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX.0BAWRD" (without quotes, your BIOS string may be different), replace with RSDT4….._ASUS_Notebook1.0BAWRD. Here, the OEMID is _ASUS_ and OEMTableID is Notebook. Any empty character should be filled with blank (0x20). This will make your motherboard and BIOS to be recognized by Vista as ASUS mobo.
- Save the file.
- Download Asus OEM acpislic.bin.
- Go back to the command prompt, type "copy acpitbl.bin /b + acpislic.bin /b acpitbl.bin /b" (without quotes) and press Enter to add the SLIC table contents to end of ACPI module. acpislic.bin is digital certificate for SLIC which contains SLP certificate public key and SLP logo. Press Enter to confirm if prompted warning of file overwrite.
- Flash the modified ACPI digital module into the BIOS by entering following command in the Command Prompt, and then press Enter:cbrom219 XXXXXXXX.BIN /acpitbl acpitbl.bin
- Flash and update your BIOS with the SLIC-included modified version. Check your motherboard guide for how to do it.a
- BIOS update is completed. Now verify that the patch on BIOS is correct and accurate by using the following steps:
- Download latest version of Everest Ultimate (currently Everest Ultimate Edition 2006 version 3.50).
- Install and then start Everest.
- Expand the Motherboard component on the left pane.
- Select ACPI.
- Check if SLIC is listed on the top right column.
- If SLIC table is listed, check if OEM ID is _ASUS_ and OEM Table ID is Notebook at the bottom left pane.
- Next select on RSDT table, check if the OEM ID and OEM Table ID in the bottom pane is exactly the same with the value you see of the same keys on SLP/SLIC table, i.e. _ASUS_ and Notebook.
- If everything is correct, BIOS modification is correct.
- Install Windows Vista with the following ASUS computer OEM product key:
Home Basic: XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-H8PHC
Home Basic: XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-RJC9V
Home Premium: XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-QXQMF
Home Premium: XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-RPFFV
Ultimate: XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-932CCYou can also change your existing Windows Vista product key by using the following command in command prompt with administrator privileges:
slmgr.vbs -ipk
- Download oemcert.xrm-ms, the Microsoft signed OEM certification for ASUS computer which has the identifier that needs to match the BIOS SLIC identifier, preferably to C:\ root.
- Open a command prompt and type the following command, then press Enter:
slmgr.vbs -ilc C:\oemcert.xrm-ms
This will install the digital certificate for OEM activation.
- Check your system properties, Windows Vista should be activated.
Here is a list of already modified to include SLIC table BIOS that you can download and flash for Windows Vista OEM instant activation.
New: Virtual BIOS simulator to bypass Windows Vista activation as OEM OS without the need to modify BIOS in real.
Warning: Alteration to BIOS may invalidate warranty,

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Hierarchical Matrices
HLib Package
What is HLib?
HLib is a program library for hierarchical matrices and H2-matrices. It provides
 - routines for the construction of hierarchical matrix structures (i.e., of cluster trees, block cluster trees, low-rank matrices and block matrices),
 - discretization functions that fill these structures by approximations of FEM or BEM operators,
 - arithmetic algorithms that perform approximative matrix operations like addition, multiplication, factorizations and inversion,
 - conversion routines that turn sparse matrices and dense matrices into H-matrices and H-matrices or H2-matrices into H2-matrices and
 - service functions that display matrix structures, perform numerical quadrature or handle files.
The library is written in the C programming language and requires BLAS and LAPACK to perform lower-level algebraic operations (like performing dense matrix-matrix multiplications or solving eigenvalue problems).
On Unix-type systems, we use Autoconf, Automake and Libtool in order to provide the user with a fully automatic build process.
If GTK+, OpenGL and GTKGLArea are installed, a visualization program for surface meshes and cluster trees is provided that can be quite useful for debugging BEM applications. We are currently working on a comprehensive GUI that will offer the more interesting functions of the library.
Since HLib was developed (at least partially) at the Max-Planck-Institut Leipzig, we cannot use an open source license and turn it into free software. But we can give it away for free to scientist interested in doing research if they sign an appropriate license agreement.
Steffen Börm and Lars Grasedyck
Max-Planck-Institut für Mathematik in den Naturwissenschaften
Inselstrasse 22-26, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
Valid HTML 4.01


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Sometimes science is a hands-on kind of job.
In this edition of DNews, Julian Huguet courageously navigates a sticky situation by asking: Why do scientists stimulate animals to orgasm?
Well, it's the quest for knowledge, really. No, really. Orgasms are a critical component of reproductive process for many species, but we just don't know that much about them. In fact, relative to the history of general biological research, we've only recently begun studying human orgasms in earnest, never mind animals.
Getting humans to orgasm on the record, as it were, is a tricky business in itself. Just ask Masters and Johnson. Getting animals there presents a whole other set of problems. Since researchers can't instruct animals to achieve orgasm themselves, other means must be applied.
As such, researchers have been stimulating animals to orgasm for several decades now, all in the interest of science. The biological purpose of orgasms is fairly clear, for half the world's population, anyway. Male orgasm usually involves the ejaculation of sperm. But females can conceive with or without orgasm.
RELATED: Orgasm in Your Foot!
Researchers naturally began to wonder whether and why female animals orgasm at all. In 1981, graduate student Mel Allen of the Institute for Primate Studies earned his thesis in a most curious fashion, by manually stimulating female chimps to document their sexual responses.
Allen's published, peer-reviewed conclusion? Female chimpanzees do indeed experience orgasm, as evidenced by spasms, vocalizations, secretions and clitoral tumescence. Science!
In another study, Patricia Brennan of Yale University studied the mating habits of ducks. Male ducks, it seems, have corkscrew-shaped penises. Meanwhile, female ducks have vaginas that corkscrew in the opposite direction. Cruel, but true. Brennan's research explores how the weird specifics of duck orgasm and ejaculation actually allow females to be more selective about their mates.
So yes, stimulating animals to orgasm may be a little squirmy, topic-of-conversation-wise, but it's legitimate science. Anyway, the animals aren't complaining.
New York Times: A Critic Takes On the Logic of Female Orgasm
Popular Science: Do Animals Have Orgasms
Discovery News: Brown Bears Seen Performing Oral Sex


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On the 17th April we held a seminar exploring the innovative work being done to support young people with communication needs within justice and mental health settings in both New Zealand and Scotland Read about the morning in our first blog Talking Trouble, New Zealand kindly gave a gift to all delegates of their fantastic Top Tip cards shown in the photo. You can download your own set here
The afternoon session continued the underlying theme that communication support needs are often hidden and many looked after children have support needs that remain unidentified.
Dr Ann Clark from Queen Margaret University presented her research findings looking at Panel members' and Children's Reporters' perspectives on communication in Hearings. Her informative presentation highlighted the need and desire for more training on Speech, Language and Communication Needs. The conclusion was that it is better to assume ALL children who are attending a Hearing have additional support needs, whether or not they have a diagnosis of Speech Language and Communication Needs (SLCN) and Social Work support is also essential in achieving positive outcomes for Looked After Children. SLCN in Hearings April 2018
Our interactive session asked participants to reflect on the information presented during the day and to think about opportunities to improve practice in supporting communication as well as the barriers faced. The main themes that emerged from the barriers were:
- Identifying Speech, Language and Communication Needs in children and young people
- Constraints within Speech and Language therapy services
- Lack of education and training – the word "communication" because practitioners think they know about it when in fact there is a large knowledge gap
- Routes to services can be either Offending or Mental Health pathway
- The balance of power and control in relationships between the practitioner and the person with SLCNs – how committed are we to put genuine inclusive communication approaches in place.
Identify the barriers helps to inform the opportunities and the themes emerging were:
- Some good collaborative practice is happening already and the impact of working together is proven in research – we need to extend this further.
- Joint training sessions – good visual and other communication supports
- SLT have a vital role going forward
- We have a real opportunity at the moment to effect real change in a legislative context with recent Government policy
Kim Harley Kean, Head of the Royal College of Speech and language therapy Scotland office concluded the day and injected a great sense of impetus going forward. She asked 2 key questions:
Q: Is communication support and equality an issue in justice and care services?
Q: Do we want to do something about that?
Having responded with a unanimous YES she helped us to see the potential we have for change. It was obvious from the day that collaboration is vital and the event demonstrated how many different professions and organisations want to do something about the issues. We can be more effective if we do this collectively, even across continents!
The majority of participants felt we should use the event to establish a collaborative network. The key purposes would be to:
- Market – get message out there – tell more people – politicians, government and public – about Speech Language and Communication in Criminal Justice Settings explaining how SLT and Talking Mats have a vital role.
- Share stories, gather evidence.
- Facilitate enriching conversations between practitioners, for example, about aptitudes and approaches needed to negotiate communication behaviour change among professionals as well as people with SLCN…
If you would like to join the network and help to influence change please email _EMAIL_ with a request to add your name to the youth justice mailing list.


Experiencing a spirituality festival as a secular Humanist
By Katie MacFadyen
13 Aug 2012
The focus is on diversity and co-operation, and above all on being all-inclusive, without simply blurring edges and boundaries.
The question of whether Humanism and theism are or can be compatible is a difficult one. Many Humanist organisations insist that Humanism necessitates scepticism, secularism, and rejection of all supernatural phenomena, but at the same time there are religious individuals who happily identify as Humanists. So is Humanism compatible with the Festival of Spirituality and Peace?
As a Humanist and a Festival media intern and blogger, I clearly think so. Though I do have the occasional disconcerting moment when I find myself, a lifelong atheist, sitting alongside a bookshelf of hymn books writing blurbs for prayer meetings, at its heart I find the spirit of the Festival of Spirituality and Peace very close to that of Humanism as I experience it.
Modern Humanism draws on spiritual backgrounds including Confucism, Buddhism, ancient Indian philosophy and Christian teachings. The principles behind Humanism are love, humanity, and above all community. One of the big draws of Humanism is being part of a non-religious philosophical community that brings together a diverse range of people.
Most critically, Humanism is about rationality, and about making sense of the world using reason and empiricism. In this sense, Humanism is compatible with any religion willing to question and re-evaluate itself when necessary. Many of FoSP's conversation events such as Disorganised Religion (Thursday August 9) and Women in Religion (Tuesday August 21) are very much in the rational spirit of Humanism.
Is the difference between 'faith' and 'no faith' really as stark as it seems? There are religious Humanists; there are atheists who identify as Christian. When it comes down to it, we all want a better world, and we all have faith that we can achieve it. In this sense, Humanist philosophy, despite its lack of overt spirituality, is not only compatible with Festival of Spirituality and Peace but at the heart of it.
* Twitter alert: _URL_
Ekklesia is a sponsor and media partner of the Festival, along with the Scottish Government and other faith, civic and educational groups.


advance human welfare
levinson: destruction-creation
the middle-aged person must create a better balance between masculinity and feminine parts of self
Levinson: masculinty-feminity
The middle aged person must forge a better balance between engagement with the external world and separateness; reducing concern for ambition
levinson: engagement-separateness
exploration without having reached commitment
Identity moratorium
commitment in the absence of exploration
identity foreclosure
an apathetic state characterized by lack of both exploration and commitment
identity diffusion
slowing of central nervous system functioning underlies nearly all age-related declines in cognitive performance. This causes decreases in speed of processing, attention, memory, and creativity.
Neurological theories of cognitive changes in
future-oriented representations of what one hopes to become and what one is afraid of becoming. The temporal dimension of self-concept.
possible selves
A term used to describe middle-aged adults who must care for multiple generations above and below them at the same time.
sandwich generation


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Gene That Controls Cell Size Found
5:45 PM EST; September 23, 1999; Washington, D.C. (AP) -- The laboratory fruit flies are shaped right and have perfectly formed cells, but they are about half the size of normal flies because of gene manipulation. Researchers at the Friedrich Miescher Institute in Basel, Switzerland report in the journal Science that fruit flies missing a single gene, called "dS6K," develop more slowly and grow to adults that are only about 46 percent the size of normal fruit flies.
The study, to be published tomorrow, shows that the dS6K gene controls the size of cells in the body. Flies that lack the gene had the normal number of cells, but each cell was about a third the size of similar cells in normal flies. The researchers also found that the loss of dS6K function caused cells to reproduce more slowly and that it took several days longer for mutant flies to grow from larvae to adults. The research is an effort to learn how specific genes affect development. Fruit flies are studied because they share many of the same fundamental genes as human beings.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


The unity of psychology as a science is to be found in its definition as the science of mental life, and its explanation of individual behavior in terms of mental states. This disciplinary focus will help negotiate psychology's relations with other disciplines, such as neuroscience and cognitive science. The unity within psychology between science and practice is to be found in a focus on scientific evidence as the source of the status, autonomy, and privileges of professional practitioners. Psychology should avoid the temptations of reductionism, and assert (and enjoy) its twin status as both a biological science and a social science. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol.


6 Factors That Improve Your Video Engagement On Social Channels - Social Media Explorer
6 Factors That Improve Your Video Engagement On Social Channels
6 Factors That Improve Your Video Engagement On Social Channels
Social channels are a great place for video content to flourish.
Around 10 million videos are watched on Snapchat every day. On Youtube, in the same time period, more than 500 million hours of videos are consumed.
Over at Facebook, average daily video views go well beyond 8 billion. Instagram also reports that the number of videos produced per day has increased by 4x and time spent watching video on Instagram has gone up by more than 80% year over year.
What this means is that the social media audience has a huge appetite for video. So brands know that they can engage more audience using this content format.
However, this demand is also leading to 300 hours of Youtube video upload every minute. In fact, more video content is uploaded online in 30 days than the major US television networks have created in 30 years! Almost every social channel is experiencing similar fate making it difficult for marketers to gain exposure with video content.
In fact, studies reveal that only 1.2% of videos go viral on Facebook. So what happened to yours?
To help you cut through the content noise and boost your video's performance, we have laid down six pointers. Let's explore them one by one:
 1. The power of storytelling
Everyone loves a good story. And that's not all. Stories also tend to increase the value of the product they are associated with. An eBay listing of spoons paired with a short story attracted 64% higher bids than one without a story. And this storytelling is the key to your online video success, especially social success.
On social channels, people are more likely to engage with videos that entertain or resonate or are useful than ones which are simply a sales pitch. So an attention-grabbing story is the first key to unlock social engagement through video.
Take cues from Oreo's video strategy. In their videos, instead of selling the product, they build stories keeping Oreo at the core. Whether you go back to the time when they did an Oreo drone dunk or when they showed consumers how Oreo fits in their everyday life, Oreo has mastered the art of creating engagement through their video content.
Key Takeaway:
When crafting videos for your audience, focus on weaving the information into a meaningful story. To make the story more compelling, you can use the video subject to reflect qualities of your target consumer persona.
 1. The trick to staying within attention spans: Video Length
The video engagement is directly related to length. In fact, on social platforms, this effect is a bit amplified because of the content noise. Hubspot found that Instagram videos that received the most comments fell somewhere around 26 seconds. In fact, the same study revealed that the optimal length doesn't go beyond the 2 minute mark
The reason for this can be explained by an important finding by Wistia. When they tested the impact of length on engagement, results showed that there is a significant drop-off in engagement after 2 minutes. But length too can have different meanings on different platforms.
For instance, the optimal video length for Twitter falls around 45 seconds but for Youtube it goes up to 2 minutes.
Key Takeaway
On social channels, users are already interacting with so much video content that hitting the sweet spot in terms of length becomes extremely crucial. So ensure that your video doesn't exceed the 2 minute mark.
 1. The exposure of Native upload
The mode of uploading video on social platforms affects engagement significantly. People are less likely to interact with third party links and more with native formats. This can be attributed to the ease of watching the native video (third party links redirect you to other page) as well as platform's algorithm working to boost native content. In fact, native videos on Facebook start playing automatically while a Youtube video needs to be tapped on.
So it doesn't come as a surprise that native videos on this platform outperform third party links in terms of reach as well as engagement. Here, native videos get 185% higher interaction rate than non-native ones.
Key Takeaway
"Go for native uploads rather than sharing links from other sources," say the expert sexual assault defense lawyers from Varghese Summersett. Native video uploading is a crucial key to unlocking engagement on social media as social channels are boosting native content in their own environment.
 1. The necessity of Subtitles
Is your video mute-ready? Most social video viewing happens without sound. So having subtitles in your video can enhance your engagement. In fact, 39% of people are more likely to watch a video entirely if it has subtitles in it.
Additionally, the completion rate of a video has a huge impact on the sales. If people stick around long enough to watch the full video, they are more likely to take the next step and complete the purchase or heed whichever call to action (CTA) you have at the end.
Key Takeaway
To ensure that your video gets engagement and that user doesn't leave the video without understanding the content, make sure to include subtitles in it.
 1. The viral quotient of Trending topics and Hashtags
Many social channels operate on hashtags. Take Instagram and Twitter for example. These hashtags are often responsible for giving required visibility to content, including videos. So a factor that has the potential to improve your video engagement on these channels is content that is created around trending topics.
Similarly, video engagement can be enhanced on Instagram with the use of hashtags (where you can use up to 30 tags) while on Facebook, hashtags can be helpful but should be used in very limited quantity.
These hashtags can help your content go viral especially when they are created around current trends.
Key Takeaway
Tap into the power of trending topics and relevant hashtags to boost your social engagement.
 1. The need for Mobile optimisation
To drive engagement through video content on social channels, both platform and mobile optimisation is necessary. First let's explore the platform optimisation factors.
Another factor which significantly boosts your social video engagement is mobile optimisation. As per CoSchedule, 91% of social media users are accessing these channels via mobile. So mobile-ready social videos are more of a necessity than an option.
In terms of mobile optimisation, other than video length, various other factors count. Like the mode in which video is consumed. For instance, Facebook reported that vertical videos are generating higher watch times and more engagement than traditional horizontal formats. Similarly, short videos perform better than long-form content. Also, subtitles are a key component in mobile optimisation.
Key Takeaway
When creating social videos, make sure to optimise them keeping your mobile audience in mind – keep them short, include subtitles, and go for vertical mode.
Video engagement on social channels is dependent on a number of factors. From video content to quality to mobile optimisation, various factors go into the making of a successful video. The above few factors can significantly contribute to increased video engagement. Do include them in your social video checklist.
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General Knowledge Test
Who created the game 'Snakes & Ladders
Which of the following game is invented in India
Which country has largest number of post offices
TIn India the first railway line was started in
Slave trade was started by the
Name the state which has largest number of reserved seats in the Parliament?
The first Lok Adalat was held
Testing of general awareness of students aspiring higher goals in life. As the current era appears to be very competitive there needs to be more careful by taking regular tests based on our general awareness as well as of every activity which is quite needful for our preparations.
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How Service in the California Legislature Ends
The most common way that a term in the Legislature ends is that that the term ends and the officeholder leaves office. But there are a handful of other options:
There have been about 255 resignations since 1849, most recently in January 2015.
83 California Legislators have died in office, most recently in 2010.
Contested Seat
A seat is "contested" when one candidate is sworn into office and another candidate makes a claim that they were the actual winner. This happened most frequently when it took a while to get to Sacramento and candidates had to leave before the final vote tally arrived. When the second candidate won in the final count, they would present the evidence of their victory to that house of the legislature and a committee would determine who had actually won. Seven legislators lost their seats by having their elections contested; the most recent was in 1981.
Seat Declared Vacant
For many years, California law said that officerholders were required to remain within their jurisdiction during their term of service. Leaving the state during the term of your office (which current legislators now do regularly) meant surrendering your right to hold that office. Although it happened several times in statewide offices, this only happened once in the Legislature. In 1853, Assemblyman Horace W. Carpentier left the state and his seat was declared vacant. Don't worry, it wasn't too big a political setback; he soon became Oakland's first mayor.
The Recall
The recall was introduced in California in 1911, since then four legislators have lost their seats in recall elections. Two immediately after the introduction of the recall (1913 and 1914) and twice in 1995.
Removal from Office
Removal from office has only happened once, in 1995, when Dick Mountjoy was reelected to the Assembly at the same time he was elected to the State Senate in a special election. A majority of the membership in the Assembly determined that the Senate election took precedence, and Mountjoy was removed from office as an Assemblyman. (Added 3/30: After reviewing official sources, it looks like Mountjoy was not removed from office, but was instead "disqualified" from assuming office in the 1995-96 Session). Always important to remember that unlike the State Senate, the Assembly does have a period every two years when there are zero members in office.
Expulsion occurs when a house of the Legislature determines that a member has so significantly violated the public trust that they are unfit to remain in office. There have only been five expulsions in state history, most recently in 1905 when four State Senators were found guilty of having accepted bribes. In 2014, Senators Knight, Anderson, and Vidak introduced SR 29, to expel Rod Wright from the State Senate. Coincidentally, if SR 29 had passed, Wright would have been the second Senator Wright to be expelled from the Senate (Eli Wright was one of the four expelled in 1905).
Speak Your Mind


text:
|Grump Meter helps children control anger|
|Written by Ellen Portnoy, Contributing Writer|
|Wednesday, July 18 2012 10:12|
Sometimes uncontrolled anger in children and teens can lead to the one event that parents, teachers, doctors and friends cannot fix — suicide. Lynn Kaufman, who has a master's degree in social work, has devoted the last 22 years helping children and families talk about their anger, become aware of their angry moods, recognize oncoming anger signs and control their angry behaviors.
"I found the issues around families and children very interesting," said Kaufman. "I am interested in how relationships among people work. I am interested in children and families learning to control their anger and express it in positive and constructive ways. I am interested in people in a family understanding each other's anger so that each member of the family has ways to be known and understood."
This interest first brought her to KVC Behavioral Health Care in Wyandotte County in 1990. The focus of the treatment center was "anger control." Although the social workers were following a program on anger control developed by Arnold Goldstein, Ph.D., Kaufman decided that something more was needed.
"I decided that children would benefit from a tool that would help them identify their angry moods and escalating anger," she said. "I developed the Grump Meter and immediately saw how children used it and how it helped them identify their anger and put words and new thoughts to their angry moods."
She then started using the Grump Meter to teach anger control to families. Families were encouraged to acknowledge anger, frustration and fear connected to aggressive and destructive behaviors.
"To my surprise," she added, "the parents loved the tool and wanted to use it with their children."
The Grump Meter can be any size. It is basically a ruler with five categories, blue for calm; green for grumpy; yellow for caution; orange for stop; and red for explosion.
The tool became so helpful that Kaufman and her daughter, Janet Kaufman, Ph.D. decided to write a book. "The Grump Meter, A Family Tool for Anger Control," so that many more families could use the techniques to help negotiate and manage their expression of strong feelings in new ways.
"I recognized immediately that the color and the simplicity of the book were very helpful to family understanding of anxiety, sorrow, grief, loss and anger," said Kaufman. "The children were able to see from colors how they changed feelings during one day. This helped them be aware of where they were on the Grump Meter and to reach the goal of coming back to blue. The goal of the grump meter is to have a blue day and to avoid the ride to red."
Besides helping children and their parents know where a child is on the Grump Meter, the book also provides ways to bring a child down from the danger zones of orange and red, and move back to the calmer green and blue zones.
Others are also aware of the impact Kaufman has made on the children in Kansas. In April she was honored by the University of Kansas as the 2012 Outstanding KU Social Work Alumna. In her nomination of Kaufman, Hildy Flanigan stated:
"In 2004, KVC opened a licensed hospital for preteens and teens. Lynn was the first social worker on that unit. Most of the children admitted to the hospital came with suicide ideation and/or attempts to end their lives. To help children find the language to understand their own life stories and find reasons to live instead of die, and to help them find language and their own creativity and courage, Lynn turned to literature, writing, group process family dialogue and behavioral approaches, including anger control."
Kaufman said that 99 percent of children that she sees come in following suicide thoughts, feelings and actions.
"When shown the Grump Meter, they immediately point to red — the area of the most anger. They identify 'red' as the mood they were in when they attempted to end their lives," said Kaufman. "Once they started to drop to orange and yellow and green, they have no thoughts of suicide. That change can take place within hours of admission to the hospital where the 'work' begins."
"What is in their minds when they want to kill themselves?" Kaufman asks. "Why is this day different from all other days?' The answer is that every child has an answer to the question and describes an issue or a story or a crisis that they cannot solve. They feel hopeless to find answers and in those moments, they see no other way to solve their problems. Once they see options and consider new thoughts, their need to die is decreased. Every single child who survives an attempt to end their lives is glad they are alive."
Besides her work at KVC, Kaufman has also been an adjunct instructor for the KU School of Social Work and has been a field instructor for students for many years.
She and her husband, Andrew Kaufman, M.D. belong to The Temple, Congregation B'nai Jehudah. They are the parents of two daughters and four grandchildren. Two of the grandchildren also contributed to the book with the illustrations: Rachel and Jonah.
The "Grump Meter" is available from Amazon and from Kaufman's website: _URL_.


always placed on the uneven terrains and grounds.
Foot plant feature has some functions to manipulate its blend weights. Check out section 4 to find out more about its functions. It is recommended to enable this feature in some states which might have foot skating like locomotion states and disable it in the other states which is not capable of having foot skating like standing Idle. Please check "IdleUpdate.cs" and "LocomotionUpdate.cs" to find out how to disable and enable this feature safely.
 - Forward Vector: This vector should be set to show the character foot initial direction. What you see in the Character foot reference pose or (Mecanim T-Pose) is what you should use here. At many times character initial forward vector is equal to foot forward vector.
 - IK Hint Offset: The IK hint position will be calculated automatically as stated in section 1. The IK Hint Offset is added to this the final calculated IK Hint Position to fine tune the final IK hint position.
 - Up Vector: Up vector shows the character up vector. This should be equal to world up vector (Vector3(0, 1, 0)) if the character is moving on ground. Otherwise for some rare situations like running on walls this should be changed accordingly.
 - Foot Offset Dist: The distance used for raycasting. Figure 1, 3 and 5 show the parameter in action.
 - Foot Length: Foot length is used to find the toe position to set the foot pitch rotation. It should be equal to character's foot length. Figure 3 shows the details.
 - Foot Half Width: This parameter should be equal to half width of the foot. It is used to find foot roll rotation. Figure 5 shows the details.
 - Foot Height: Foot height is used to set the correct heel position on ground. It should be equal to distance of heel center to lower leg joint. Figure 1 and 2 show the details.
 - Foot Rotation Limit: The IK foot rotation will not exceed from this value and this will be its limit for rotation. The value is considered in degrees.
 - Transition Time: When no contact point is detected by the system, it will switch to FK mode smoothly through time. Also when the system is in FK mode and it finds a contact point it will switch to IK mode smoothly through time. The "Transition Time" parameter, is the time length of the smooth transition between FK to IK or IK to FK.
 - Extra Ray Distance Check: This parameter is used to find correct foot, toe or heel corner position on ground. Figure 1, 3 and 5 show the parameter in action. This parameter can be changed dynamically to achieve better visual results. Check out the "IdleUpdate.cs" and "LocomotionUpdate.cs" scripts in the project to find out the details. These scripts are changing the "Extra Ray Distance Check" value based on the foot position in the animations and the current animation state. Both scripts use Unity 5 animator behavior callbacks.
4- Mec Foot Placer Component
The Mec Foot Placer component is responsible for setting the correct rotation and position of feet on the ground and switching between IK and FK for feet automatically.
Mec Foot Placer provides some functions which can be used by user. These functions are stated here:
 - void SetActive(AvatarIKGoal foot_id, bool active): This function will set the system on or off safely for each foot. At some states you don't need the system to be active. For example when character is falling, there is no need to check for foot placement. However the system will work correctly on this state too but the user can disable it to ignore the calculations of the component. Each feet can be activated or deactivated separately.
 - bool IsActive(AvatarIKGoal foot_id): If the current foot is active the function returns true otherwise false.
 - void EnablePlant(AvatarIKGoal foot_id, float blend_speed): This function will set the plant foot weight from its current value to 1 through time based on blend speed parameter. The function is useful to be used for some states which need foot planting like locomotion. By using it, plant foot feature will be activated smoothly through time. To have the plant foot feature effective the plant foot weight value should be higher than 0.
 - void DisablePlant(AvatarIKGoal foot_id, float blend_speed): This function will set the plant foot weight from its current value to 0 through time based on blend speed parameter. The function is useful to be used for some states which doesn't need foot planting like standing idles. By using it plant foot feature will be deactivated smoothly through time.
 - void SetPlantBlendWeight(AvatarIKGoal foot_id, float weight): Sometimes you need to manually change the plant blend values rather than using DisablePlant or EnablePlant functions. This function sets the blend weight between planted foot position and rotation with the non-planted foot position and rotation.
 - float GetPlantBlendWeight(AvatarIKGoal foot_id): This function returns current blend weight for foot planting feature.
5- Quick Setup Guide
To setup the system you have to add a MecFootPlacer component. The foot placement component needs at least one FootPlacementData component otherwise it will not work. If two feet are needed to be considered, two foot placement data components should be set. One for right foot and one for left foot so the system can manipulate both feet.
After setting the components the Mec Foot Placer system should work correctly. Check out the example scenes for more info.
5-1- Important Notes on Setting Up the System
Some important notes should be considered before setting up the system:
 - Exposing Necessary Bones: If you checked "Optimize Game Objects" in the avatar rig, then some bones have to be exposed since the Mec Foot Placer needs them to work correctly. The bones are listed here:
 1- The corresponding bones for left and right feet.
 2- The corresponding bones for left and right lower legs.
 Check out the "Robot Kyle" avatar in the project to find how it can be done.
 - Setting up the data correctly: Don't forget that setting up the data for foot placement needs precision and at some states the data needs to be changed dynamically to achieve the best effects. For example the "Extra Ray Distance Check" parameter should be increased or decreased in different states or animation times to achieve better visual results. Fortunately this can be done easily in Unity 5 by using animator behavior scripts. Check out the "IdleUpdate.cs" and "LocomotionUpdate.cs" in project to find out the details. Both scripts are being called within "SimpleLocomotion" animation controller. As Scripts show, the "Extra Ray Distance Check" parameter is increased while character enters in idle state. Also in the locomotion state, the "Extra Ray Distance Check" parameter increases in the times that character is putting his feet on the ground. This is to make sure that foot touches the ground. It will be decreased while the foot is not on the ground to help the foot move freely while looking for ground contacts as well.
 - Checking IK Pass Check Box: On any layer in which you need IK, you have to check IK pass check box in the animator controller so the IK callbacks can be called by Mecanim. If you don't check this check box, Mec Foot Placer will not work.
 - Mecanim Specific Features: Mecanim humanoid rigs provide a leg stretching feature which can help foot IK to look better. The leg stretching feature can avoid Knee popping while setting foot IK. However the value should be set accurately. High values of this feature makes the character cartoony and low values can increase the chance of knee popping in the character. To setup Leg Stretch feature you have to select your character asset. It should be a humanoid rig. In the rig tab, select configure then select muscles tab. In the "Additional Settings" group, you can find a parameter named "Leg Stretch". Check out "Robot Kyle" avatar in the project to find out more.
Wednesday, June 24, 2015
Avoiding High Dimensionality in Animation State Space
By the progression of computer hardware, video games can have plenty of animations. This amount of animations need to be manipulated. Each specific animation or just some frames of it needs to be played at the right moment to fulfill a motion related task. Usually, developers try to keep the animation controller separate from the other modules like AI or control so they can just send some parameters to the animation system and the animation system should return the most suitable animation to respond well to the control or AI modules. This can remove the complexity of manipulating animations from the control or AI as they already have their own complexities.
The animation controller promises to return the most suitable animation based on the input parameters. There exists different rules to select animations based on the input parameters. Usually, the speed, rotation and translation of the current animation bones are considered and based on these, a suitable animation will be selected which has the least difference in speed and translation/rotation with the currently playing animation poses. Also the returned animation has to satisfy the motion related tasks. It has to do what the other modules are expected from it to do. For example a path planner can send input parameters like steering degree and speed value to the animation controller and the animation controller should return the best suited motion out of its existing animations to follow the path correctly.
There exists different animation controllers which have already become a standard in video games. The most famous are the animation state machines. They are in many game engines or


text:
AfriGeneas Caribbean Research Forum
[PUERTO RICO] African Slaves in puerto rico/esclavos
Names of African Slaves in Puerto Rico/
Puerto Ricans are West Indians also, for Puerto Rico is part of the West Indies once owed by Visoguth colonizers, they took the land from the original people name Taino who they subjugated and made the taino slaves, Some Taino survived and are still in Puerto Rico and many Puerto Ricans are mixed with Taino and mixed with the blood of the African whether they are black skinned or white skin. Puerto Rico is the Spanish West Indies, but in reality it is the land of the Taino. The African was taken to Puerto Rica as slaves.
Stripped of their identity and African Homeland and taken to Puerto Rico, these are the slaves, that brought the soul, the sounds of the drums, the dance, the knowledge, the science of healing, the religion of yaruba, islam, african christianity,and brought the beauty of the falani, mandingo, and hundreds of other beutiful african tribes to puerto rico. Gone But not Forgotten, their ancient advance civilizations lives on in puerto rico history, black and beutiful, your souls live on. here are some of their names: From: Ponce,San Anton, Puerto Rico Esclavos(slaves) born in Africa.
Esclavos birth place Africa
More slaves names from other barrio will be coming soon.
Messages In This Thread


text:
- Grade Level:
- Fourth Grade
- Social Studies, Writing
- 30-45 minutes
- Group Size:
- Up to 36
- National/State Standards:
- Social Studies: 1, 1a,1b,3a, 5
OverviewThis lesson engages students to determine important locations and creatively develop their own names for places around the school.
Enduring Understanding: There is a history to how locations got their names.
Essential Question: What events or people can influence the naming of a location?
The students will learn to:
1) Understand how pioneers generated place names
2) use creative skills to generate their own place names
3) determine important features of localized geographic area
"A trail led from Natchez northward and eastward through forests of oak and hickory and pine, through can thickets and swamps, to Nashville on the Cumberland, 500 miles away. The trail had many names. The southern part followed Indian paths to the farm villages of the Choctaws. English men of the 1770's therefore spoke of the Path to the Choctaw Nation. The northern part was known by the people of Nashville as the Chickasaw Trace in the 1780's.
"As the flow of through traffic between Nashville and Natchez increased, men began to speak of 'the Natchez Road' or 'the Nashville Road,' naming it for the distant point to which they were headed.
"Frontiersmen who first explored the valleys that drained into the Ohio River left faint paths for others to follow. Such paths were called traces. Many of them became famous: Boone's Trace, Berry's Trace and others. In time, the people of the Cumberland Valley began to speak of the Natchez Trace. Oddly enough, they called it the Natchez Road" When it was merely a 'path that serpentine those boundless forests'. Not until after it had in face become a road did they call it the Natchez Trace." (Phelps and Ross 1952)
Where did people get ideas for names?
Place names can be descriptive like French Camp.
Place names can be historic like Yackanookany.
Place names can be aesthetic like Emerald Mound.
Place names can be about a person Colbert Ferry.
Place names can be about an event Pigeon Roost.
1.) Name It worksheet
2.) Name It worksheet example
Teachers: Give examples of place names along the Natchez Trace Parkway descriptive such as Shady Grove, Colbert Ferry, Cypress Swamp, and Dancing Rabbit Creek. Ask the students how they thought each place got its name. Ask the students to say place names that they know. Write them on the board as students name them. Discuss how those places may have gotten their names.
Student Task: This activity will generate more commitment if students are able to move about to investigate, either as a class, small groups or as individuals. Students will choose fifteen locations and list them on the worksheet. (Option: Student will draw a map, or be provided with an unlabeled map of the classroom or school) Students will make up unique and descriptive names for each location. For example, the doorway to the cafeteria could be "Food Pass", or the nurse's office could be "Healing Station."
1.) Students will determine what they think are important features of the classroom, school or school yard.
2.) Students will make up creative names for those important places.
3.) Hand out the Name It work sheet. Explain to the students that they will be making up names for fifteen locations in the classroom (or elsewhere).
4.) On the worksheet, they will write a short description of the location and then (at their seats or for homework) they will invent a name for the location.
5.) If students are going outside the classroom, be sure they understand their boundaries.
Teacher Closure: Review the activity and follow up with discussion of place names along the Natchez Trace Parkway.
AssessmentParticipation in the activity and quality of worksheet responses.
Park ConnectionsTeaches students the importance of how locations may have gotten their names and brings them into the history of the Natchez Trace.
1.) On a field trip to the Natchez Trace Parkway have the students observe place names along the roads.
2.) Provide the students a list of names of people and places on the Natchez Trace. Have them choose a person and write a report about that person and how they were associated with the Old Natchez Trace. Alternatively, if the student knows a family member or friend who has a name associated with the Natchez Trace, have them investigate that family's role on the Old Natchez Trace.
a. Students write a creative paragraph about one or more of the place names they created. For example, the nurse's office could be accompanied by a story about a student who got sick and went to the nurse's office. Students should be encouraged to use descriptive words.
b. Students write a creative paragraph about one or more the place names on the Natchez Trace. Students should be encouraged to use descriptive words


text: Increases in wind damage are expected if the intensity and/or frequency of tropical cyclones increase due to enhanced greenhouse conditions (climate change). The paper estimates cyclone damage risks due to enhanced greenhouse conditions for residential construction in North Queensland, and then assesses the economic viability of several climate adaptation (hazard mitigation) strategies. The analysis includes probabilistic modelling of cyclone intensity and frequency, time-dependent increase in wind speed from enhanced greenhouse conditions (global warming), and vulnerability functions of building damage. Increases in mean annual maximum wind speed from 0% to 25% over 50 years are considered to represent the uncertainty in changing wind hazard patterns as a result of climate change. The effect of regional changes to building inventory over time and space, rate of retrofitting, cost of retrofit, reduction in vulnerability and discount rate will be considered. The risk-cost-benefit analysis considering temporal changes in wind hazard and building vulnerability can be used to help optimize the timing and extent of climate adaptation strategies.


text:
We are the Local Environment Group for the area around Prestwood in Buckinghamshire, including Great Missenden,
The Hampdens, The Kingshills, North Dean and Speen
We aim to protect and enhance the quality of the natural environment through the involvement of local people.
The Chilterns are renowned for their wide diversity of Natural Habitats - from chalk grasslands to ancient woodlands - from rich farmland in the valleys to poor heathland on the hilltops.
Each habitat supports its own range of Notable Species.
Follow the links above to explore the richness of our natural environment.
The first 41 well-illustrated sections of this comprehensive flora by Tony Marshall documents trees and large shrubs, spore-bearing plants and some monocotyledons.
|Activities for Children|
|Publicity & Liaison|
|Walks and Visits|
|Junior Photo Competition|
|Junior Photo Competition Entry Form|
|2017 Photo Competition Results|
|Great Missenden Library|
|Angling Spring Wood|
|Hedges and Special Trees Project|
|Kiln Common Orchard|
|Prestwood Nature Reserve|
|Boug's Meadow History|
|Why no car park at Boug's Meadow|
|Butterfly Transect Route|
|Kiln Common Orchard Planting Plan|
|Ecological Flora of the Central Chilterns|
|Flowering Plants: Arable Land|
|Flowering Plants: Disturbed Land|
|Flowering Plants: Meadows|
|Flowering Plants: Ponds|
|Flowering Plants: Roadsides|
|Flowering Plants: Woodlands & Hedgerows|
|Grasses, Sedges & Rushes|
|Bees and Wasps|
|Mosses & Liverworts|
|Ancient Trees & Parkland|
|Heathland & Acid Grassland|
|Collings Hanger Pond|
|Kiln Corner Pond|


Bad Habits to Kick : Using loops to populate large tables
This is part of more than a decade of posts involving Bad Habits and Best Practices.
See the full index.
Today I'd like to talk about using primitive loops to generate a large number of rows. Okay, I'll admit, in most cases you are doing this for a demo or proof of concept, and so speed / performance is not all that important. But using a loop to populate a table with 1 million rows, one row at a time, is not fun at all, no matter how much thumb-twiddling you are willing to do.
I often see people building up test cases like this:
 _USER_ int,
 _USER_ int;
 _USER_ = 1,
 _USER_ = _PHONE_;
WHILE _USER_ <= _USER_
 SET _USER_ = _USER_ + 1;
For 500 or 50,000 rows, this probably wouldn't be a big deal. But when you get into the bigger numbers, you are going to be spending a long time waiting for the inserts to finish. So how do you get around it?
I have long been an advocate of an auxiliary numbers table. It makes quick work of generating dummy data, does not require a lot of storage space, and is easy to join against for various reporting-type functions. Let's say you create a numbers table with 1,000,000 rows, then you can change the above code to:
DECLARE _USER_ int = _PHONE_;
 SELECT [Number]
 FROM dbo.Numbers
 WHERE [Number] BETWEEN 1 AND _USER_;
However, there are some who fundamentally object to adding a table to their schema, even if they put it in some utility database.
Thankfully, there are some clever workarounds to this that let you construct a numbers table on the fly. Here is one that I have used in previous posts:
DECLARE _USER_ int = _PHONE_;
 x = ROW_NUMBER() OVER
 (ORDER BY s1.[object_id])
 FROM sys.all_objects AS s1
 CROSS JOIN sys.all_objects AS s2
 CROSS JOIN sys.all_objects AS s3
SELECT [Number] = x
 INTO _TAG_
 FROM n
 WHERE x BETWEEN 1 AND _USER_;
And here is one using a set of CTEs and no system views, based on code I stole from Itzik Ben-Gan at some point:
DECLARE _USER_ int = _PHONE_;
 n5 (x) AS (SELECT 1 UNION SELECT 0),
 n4 (x) AS (SELECT 1 FROM n5 CROSS JOIN n5 AS x),
 n3 (x) AS (SELECT 1 FROM n4 CROSS JOIN n4 AS x),
 n2 (x) AS (SELECT 1 FROM n3 CROSS JOIN n3 AS x),
 n1 (x) AS (SELECT 1 FROM n2 CROSS JOIN n2 AS x),
 n0 (x) AS (SELECT 1 FROM n1 CROSS JOIN n1 AS x),
 Nbrs (x) AS
 FROM n0
SELECT [Number] = x
 INTO _TAG_
 FROM Nbrs
 WHERE n BETWEEN 1 AND _USER_;
Another alternative is the recursive CTE.
DECLARE _USER_ int = _PHONE_;
;WITH n(x) AS
 SELECT x = 1
 SELECT x + 1
 FROM n WHERE x < _USER_
SELECT [Number] = x
 INTO _TAG_
 FROM n
 OPTION (MAXRECURSION 0); -- or <= 32767 if you need fewer rows
Since writing this post, I wrote another series on generating sets without loops: Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3
If you are going to continue using a loop, at the very least, please get in the habit of adding SET NOCOUNT ON; statements to your code. This way, at least, that big loop won't be wasting all that effort passing 1 row(s) affected to the client n times, and the client won't be wasting all that effort printing it out to you n times.
Now, don't get me wrong; I am not saying that loops are a bad thing. In fact, for a lot of things, they are the right answer, and for some things they are the only answer. But in cases where things don't have to happen one at a time, they shouldn't happen one at a time.
See the full index.
Aaron Bertrand
25 Responses
 1. Balaji Ram says:
 Regarding using optimal transaction size (100000 in the example above). This seems to matter only for permanent tables in user databases. Tempdb's _TAG_ do not suffer much of a performance hit even when no transaction size is used and left to default(auto commit) with no explicit transaction.
 Thanks to Paul Randal, I know tempdb data pages are NOT flushed to disk unless there is memory pressure. What about the tempdb LOG BLOCKs? Is it also NOT flushed to tempdb log file unless there is memory pressure?
 Any Insights/thoughts? Thanks.
 2. Dean says:
 Thanks Aaron, I understand cross joins, I just meant from a functional point of view, I was interested in why you chose that particular approach. I think I can pretty much imply it now from your reply – you just want access to a table with sufficient rows that a cross join to itself will create a large number of results, without having to create and populate it yourself, right? If so hopefully my experience will be useful to people that if they have a very particular and large number in mind, they may want to be careful about relying on any system tables. (Even my sys.all_objects table only has 2,267 rows, so would only create 5 million results when cross joined.)
 The general point of your post has really helped me though, I had a requirement to fill a table with 50 million rows of random sales data, and the way I was previously doing it (with a 1 to 50,000,000 WHILE loop) took 50 minutes. Following your approach, but using a smaller loop to populate a table variable with 7,072 rows, I now have it down to 5 minutes. I've posted it here in case a) it helps anyone or b) anyone has any further suggestions for improvement! (Once again, thanks for the post, it was a life saver!)
 DECLARE _USER_ TABLE (col1 INT);
 DECLARE _USER_ INT = 1
 WHILE _USER_ <= 7072
 INSERT INTO _USER_ VALUES(_USER_);
 SET _USER_ = _USER_ + 1;
 — Sales figures random between 315 and 1140
 — Dates random number of minutes between 1 and _PHONE_ after 1/1/07
 — (makes a range of approx 5 years)
 IF OBJECT_ID('sales_figures') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE dbo.sales_figures;
 SELECT TOP 50000000
 CONVERT(VARCHAR(30), DATEADD(minute, ABS(CHECKSUM(NewId())) % _PHONE_, '01-JAN-2007'), 100) AS sales_date
 , 315 + (ABS(CHECKSUM(NewId())) % 825) AS sales_figure
 INTO dbo.sales_figures
 FROM _USER_ t1 CROSS JOIN _USER_ t2;
 3. AaronBertrand says:
 Hi Dean, sorry, the code should be using sys.all_objects instead of sys.objects. I ran my tests in AdventureWorks but in relatively empty databases I could understand that you might fall short of 1,000,000 rows as a result.
 I'll think about a separate blog post to explain the cross joins, but in the meantime maybe this series will help:
 4. Dean says:
 Hi Aaron. I like the look of your preferred option but would you be able to explain it a little? What exactly does it do, and why? I have just run it for the first time and I only get 970,299 rows, not 1,000,000. I just think it may be useful to people to explain what the code is doing (especially to give people confidence to edit it to their own needs). Thanks!
 5. Abhijit says:
 Guys, fantastic. I kicked myself (better late than never).
 Having said that, any better solution for my problem below.
 I need to generate following output where R1..Rn are rows and C1..Cn are columns (max limit known)
 R1 => C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 …….Cn
 R2 => C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 …….Cn
 R3 => C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 …….Cn
 For this I generate a series of numbers for Rows and Columns.
 Is using left join good (assuming there are 10000 rows and 5000 columns)
 I have tried to depict my problem in a very simple mechanism but let me know if the description is adequate.
 6. Razvan Socol says:
 Hello Aaron,
 You wrote that the recursive CTE method is


text:
A Knowledge Bank to Inform Personalised Cancer Treatment
News Jan 18, 2017 | Original story from Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute
An international collaboration led by clinical researchers at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute has shown proof-of-concept that truly personalised therapy will be possible in the future for people with cancer. Details of how a knowledge bank could be used to find the best treatment option for people with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) are have been published in Nature Genetics.
AML is an aggressive blood cancer that develops in bone marrow cells. Earlier this year, the team reported there are 11 types of AML, each with distinct genetic features. Now they report how a patient's individual genetic details can be incorporated into predicting the outcome and treatment choice for that patient.
They built a knowledge bank using data from 1,540 patients with AML who participated in clinical trials in Germany and Austria, combining information on genetic features, treatment schedule and outcome for each person. From this, the team developed a tool that shows how the experience captured in the knowledge bank could be used to provide personalised information about the best treatment options for a new patient.
There are two major treatment options for young patients with AML – a stem cell transplant or chemotherapy. Stem cell transplants cure more patients overall but up to one in four people die from complications of the transplant and a further one in four experience long-term side effects. Weighing up the benefits of better cure rates with transplant against the risks of worse early mortality is a harrowing decision for patients and their clinicians. The team showed that these benefits and risks could be accurately calculated for an individual patient, enabling therapeutic choices to become personalised.
The team estimates that up to one in three patients would be prescribed a different treatment regimen using the tool compared with current practice. In the long term they hope the tool could spare one in ten young AML patients from a transplant while maintaining overall survival rates.
"The knowledge bank approach makes far more detailed and accurate predictions about the likely future course of a patient with AML than what we can make in the clinic at the moment. Current guides use a simple set of rules based on only a few genetic findings. For any given patient, using the new tool we can compare the likely future outcomes under a transplant route versus a standard chemotherapy route – this means that we can make a treatment choice that is personally tailored to the unique features of that particular patient."
Senior author Dr Peter Campbell of the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute
The tool is currently available for scientists to use in research but needs further testing before it can be used to prescribe treatments in AML clinics.
"It has long been recognised that cancer is a complex genetic disease. Our study provides an example of how detailed genetic and clinical information can be rationally incorporated into clinical decisions for individual patients. We tested this philosophy in one type of leukaemia, but the concept could theoretically be applied in other cancers with difficult clinical decisions as well. Our analysis reveals that knowledge banks of up to 10,000 patients would be needed to obtain the precision needed for routine clinical application."
Lead author Dr Moritz Gerstung of the EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute
Using large-scale genetic studies as a source to predict the best treatment option for future patients is an idea that Genomics England is trying to build alongside similar programmes around the world, such as the National Institutes of Health Precision Medicine Initiative in the US.
The authors believe this paper is a step towards validation of genetic techniques as a route to personalised medicine.
"Building knowledge banks is not easy. To get accurate treatment predictions you need data from thousands of patients and all tumour types. Furthermore, such knowledge banks will need continuous updating as new therapies become approved and available. As genetic testing enters routine clinical practice, there is an opportunity to learn from patients undergoing care in our health systems. Our paper gives the first real evidence that the approach is worthwhile, how it could be used and what the scale needs to be."
Co-senior author Dr Hartmut Döhner of University of Ulm
This article has been republished from materials provided by Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute. Note: material may have been edited for length and content. For further information, please contact the cited source.
Moritz Gerstung and Elli Papaemmanuil et al. Precision Oncology in acute myeloid leukemia using a knowledge bank approach. Nature Genetics, January 2017 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3756


text:
Scrabble word: RESILIN
In which Scrabble dictionary does RESILIN exist?
Definitions of RESILIN in dictionaries:
- An elastic substance consisting of cross-linked protein chains, found in the cuticles of many insects.
- noun - an elastic substance in the cuticles of many insects
There are 7 letters in RESILIN: E I I L N R S
Scrabble words that can be created with an extra letter added to RESILIN
All anagrams that could be made from letters of word RESILIN plus a wildcard: RESILIN?
Scrabble words that can be created with letters from word RESILIN
7 letter words
6 letter words
5 letter words
4 letter words
3 letter words
2 letter words
Images for RESILIN
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text:
A game of trading in the far future
Edgling is a single and multiplayer trading game set in a future where humanity has conquered the stars and colonised thousands of planets at the edge of the galaxy.
Players must create routes between planets for trading and then buy and customise starships that ply these routes to trade between star systems. Routes must be plotted carefully to avoid gravitational effects of intervening star systems if the risks of starship failure are to be minimised. Players can hire expert pilots who can navigate high risk routes more safely, decreasing travel times and increasing potential profits (remember the "kessel run"). Non player characters can also be hired into other starship roles to help with engineering, trade negotiations, scientific research or to enhance service on passenger or tourist route. Each npc has their own personaility and players will be in competition with one another to hire and retain the best staff.
Each star system has a deep automatically generated history and culture that affects the trades, behaviours and attitudes encountered. This history aids immersion in the game universe and can be customised for each server to tailor the universe to each community's needs.
Players will initially use pre-existing spaceports but later in the game may build their own and open up star systems that have not yet been connected to other systems. Players have individual tech trees which they must research to give upgrades to their spaceships and spaceports. Players may survey star systems and use this information for their own trade routes or sell it onto other players.
Each player must balance investment of time and resources between trading, exploration and research but the game will be balanced to make it possible to specialise in an area and still stay ahead of players with other specialities. A player may choose to dedicate themselves to exploration and surveying of new worlds, earning their wealth by selling this information on to other trading players.
The game comes with a built-in server to enable multiplayer games. A player can simply start the game on their computer then other players on the same network can join in at any time. A server can be started on a computer exposed to the Internet to enable wider multiplayer games from across the world.
In the desparate years of the late 21st Century the World Progress Council, newly formed from the impotent remains of the United Nations, began its program of forced migration and depopulation of planet Earth. The remains of the Human Race clawed its way out to the nearest planets and moons in a last bid for survival, leaving behind the wrecked and inhospitable birthplace of humanity. Within decades though, the pressures of scraping an existence on the airless worlds of the solar system led to the initiation of a second panuman program of expansion, this time looking to the stars for salvation. The first sleeper ship left the solar system in 2186, followed by one every 18 months for the next 40 years, each to a new destination and each larger than that which had gone before. This was seen by the majority as humanity's last chance and the launches only ceased on the descent of the remaining peoples into the first and last interplanetary war around the Sun. Millions died in that last war and hundreds of millions more in the lost years that followed leaving the survivors to fall into savagery and isolation.
Many of the sleeper ships were lost or failed in their missions but equally many found new star systems to colonise and the lucky few found hospitable planets to settle. Gradually, through a period now known as the Great Expansion, the human race spread across the galaxy, a thousand colonies and a thousand histories. Many centuries later people finally entered star systems above the edge of the thin galactic disk and it was on one of these colonies in 4167 that the greatest breakthrough in interstellar travel was to be made. For over two centuries in the confines of Earth's solar system physicists, mathematicians and engineers had searched fruitlessly for the holy grail of faster than light travel. From the new vantage point at the edge of the galaxy the missing physics became apparent: faster than light travel was possible but was highly sensitive to gravitational fields. In the dense stellar environment around Earth the interlaced gravitational effects of thousands of stars rendered faster than light travel impossible but at the edge of the galaxy it became feasible, reducing travel times from decades to months.
The led to the second Great Expansion of the human race. Although returning to the ancestral home of humanity was impossible, thousands of new star systems beckoned and this truly became a golden age of exploration and discovery. With the safety and stability that interstellar trade and communication brought, scientific progress resumed and a second revolution erupted, eclipsing the Industrial Revolution of a thousand years before. Societies were transformed once more through advances in terraforming, food production, healthcare, engineeeing and communications. This second industrial revolution continued for a further five centuries during which time efforts were made to contact and reunite as many of the original colonies seeded by the sleeper ships as possible.
Although no higher lifeforms had ever been discovered on any of the worlds humanity came to inhabit, there were several instances of single and extremely primitive multicelled lifeforms analagous to algaes. That higher exobiological life was possible was undisputed: very ancient remains of potential structures hinted at intelligence and civilisation in a number of systems but the most recent had been dated to several hundreds of thousands of years in the past and there were no remaining artefacts to give a more definitive view of these alien cultures. Fossils of plants and animals were found in a few locations but the vastness of the area to search across all the settled star systems made for slow progress. This was to be interrupted by the first stumble of the golden age which came with the emergence of a virulent and invasive microorganism ultimatelty traced to a newly settled planet. Infection by this microbe was ultimately fatal but this was compounded by the long incubation period: several years could pass before symptoms were exhibited by those infected and by that time the damage wrought within the body was subtle but extensive.
The outbreak became known as the Crying Plague or Plague of Tears, named for the most obvious sign of infection: the leaking of clear liquid from the corners of the eyes. The first few years after the first infection saw increasing numbers of sufferers and cases rose rapidly to epidemic proportions. The reaction across the settled worlds was mixed. Those worlds with authoritarian tendencies imposed movement restrictions on their own populations and quarantines on the more lassaiz-faire worlds and within months interstellar communication, travel and trade had ground to a virtual halt. Distrust and fear ruled as each system struggled to contain the plague. A series of tactical planetary sterilisations presaged a wider struggle for control of peoples and essential resources.
From the panic and chaos arose a faction known as the Uldera Pact united in the belief that only the eradication of the interstellar drive could save humanity from both the plague and from its own destructive tendency. In a highly coordinated day of attacks on an unprecedented scale the Pact seized control of every interstellar spaceport and shipyard throughout the settled worlds at the edge of the galaxy and a large number of the remaining starships that still braved travel through the conflicting worlds. The Pact imposed a blockade around every settled world and set about destroying any remaining starships that attempted to breach it. Within a year a third of the settled worlds had descended into anarchy born from famine and lack of resources. Within five years 50% of the former golden age worlds had fallen back to feudal systems and agrarian societies. Two decades later, with most of the Pact itself dead from plague or despair, the golden age was over and humanity's ambitions had reverted to simple survival. The densest populated worlds had seen populations fall from the billions to millions in the space of a few years and much of their infrastructure had fallen into disuse and neglect.
After several centuries of recovery, humanity once again looked towards the stars and began to venture forth to rediscover the lost, almost legendary, colonies of the golden age. Step by step, with the fear of the Crying Plague still in mind, they began to reestablish links between planets and the flow of peoples, trade and information began once more. The great adaptibility of humanity had proceeded unabated in the intervening years and for every dead planet hundreds more were discovered with every possible variant of society and governance. The human race had been cocooned for half a millenia and now emerged more beautiful and diverse than ever before.
It is into this emerging interstellar society that you are thrust as a trader looking to establish new routes for commerce and seek out undiscovered opportunities. You have available to you enough money to purchase your first trading starship and you must use this wisely to increase your wealth and invest in additional routes. Every world you encounter will be unique and will have its own needs and products for sale. Each will be at a different technological level, some desparate to advance, others more conservative in their desires. It's up to you to research each world and spot the potential money making trades with other systems. You must then plot safe routes between the star systems avoiding the gravitational influences of intervening star systems and set your starships on course to make the trades. To aid you in your quest for wealth you will encounter a host of characters, some of whom you will be able to hire to pilot your ships more skillfully, obtain better prices or even entertain your passengers.


text:
Part - III
Vastu stands in Earth. Earth depends on water-water is balanced by Agni, Agni is controlled by air (either). Air movements are possible in Akasha. Similarly the Purusha - living beings. The body (earth) depends the water. Contents in the body balanced by the Agni (98.6 Degree in the body). Agni-heat is controlled by the air. Breathing which is possible only if we are having space(Akash) inside the human body.
Therefore Vasthu called as Vastu Purusha Mandala. So the Vasthu and the building must be considered as a lively place and structure, became it will be having all the qualities and drawbacks of the earth so as in the Sourayudha.
Now all the ingredients or parts of Sourayudham directs to the Sun. the face is to the centre of the Sourayudham ie Eath as a mass directs to or makes darshan to the Sun.
Continents to its center
Country to its center
Similarly State, Village to their center.
Therefore each Vasthu as whole in the village to the center of the village, but the part and places of the Vasthu direct to the center of the vasthu which is called the Nabhi or brahmasthram of Vasthu.
If we consider one vastu all the materials or contents facing towards the center of Vasthu which means whatever the West faces, East, South-North, West-East,North-South.


text:
Crane motion induces payload oscillation that makes accurate positioning of the payload a challenging task. As the payload size increases, it may be necessary to utilize multiple cranes for better control of the payload position and orientation. However, simultaneously maneuvering multiple cranes to transport a single payload increases the complexity and danger of the operation.
This thesis investigates the dynamics and control of dual-hoist bridge cranes transporting distributed payloads. Insights from this dynamic analysis were used to design input shapers that reduce payload oscillation originating from various crane motions. Also, studies were conducted to investigate the effect input shaping has on the performance of human operators using a dual-hoist bridge crane to transport distributed payloads through an obstacle course. In each study, input-shaping significantly improved the task completion time. Furthermore, input-shaping control greatly decreased operator effort, as measured by the number of button pushes needed to complete a task. These results clearly demonstrate the benefit of input-shaping control on dual-hoist bridge cranes.
In addition, a new system identification method that utilizes input shaping for determining the modal frequencies and relative amplitude contributions of individual modes was developed to aid in the dynamic analysis of dual-hoist bridge cranes, as well as other multi-mode systems. This method uses a new type of input shaper to suppress all but one mode to a low level. The shaper can also be used to bring a small-amplitude mode to light by modifying one of the vibration constraints.


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Vocabulary Word
Word: rightful
Definition: legally correct; Ex. rightful owner
Sentences Containing 'rightful'
After the assassination of Francisco Pizarro, in retaliation for his father's execution in 1538, Diego de Almagro II, "El Mozo", continued to press claims as the rightful ruler of Peru and as leader of his father's supporters.
Although later Carolingian historians cast her as a concubine, she was during her time the rightful wife of Charles.
As a result, he opposes his enemies not only because he finds their actions evil, but also because they have usurped the rightful authority of the crown.
At the age of twelve, their eldest son, Andrew, became the rightful heir to the family title, Baron Castle Stewart, passed down from Andrew's uncle.
Because list MPs gain their positions by virtue of being on a party list, rather than by winning votes personally, some contend that the party, not the MP, is the rightful "owner" of the seat.
By 1938, the only use the Germans had for the A.G.N.A. was to threaten to renounce the treaty as a way of pressuring London to accept continental Europe as Germany's rightful sphere of influence.
Dawoodi Bohra believe that after Muhammad, Ali had been the rightful "wasi", Imam and caliph, but the actual Caliphate was usurped by Ẓāhirī ("literalist") caliphs.
Furthermore he noted that as Kazembe was the rightful owner of Msiri's country, the Kazembe treaty effectively gave them all the 'Lunda country' (by which he included Msiri's territory comprising the south-east of present-day Katanga).
George Sinclair of Keiss, who was considered the rightful heir, stormed the castle in 1679, an action which led to the Battle of Altimarlech in 1680, in which the Campbells were victorious.
He is compelled to send a telepathic message to his twin C'tair (who is hiding on Tleilaxu-conquered Ix) that his own heighliner carries rightful Ixian ruler Rhombur Vernius, on his way to free the planet.
Her home also became a focal point for young society women, though she was never able to take her rightful place in society due to the scandals surrounding her husband.
His eldest son and rightful heir was Koretsune.
If police agencies are not able to return the stolen merchandise to the rightful owners, by law they must sell seized, recovered, found, and unclaimed personal property at public auction.
In 1949, the museum was among the first to return a work that had been looted by the Nazis, when it returned Claude Monet's "The Seine at Asnières" to its rightful owner.
In 1973, several episodes of the series were compiled together as an overseas theatrical release entitled "Call Me By My Rightful Name".
In 1996, Rodney King sued Burris and two other attorneys, accusing them of trying to defraud King out of his rightful share of recovery from a multi-million-dollar jury verdict against Los Angeles; a court ruled that King's suit was not brought within the statute of limitations.
In March 2011, when asked if he was the rightful heir, Idris said a family council would decide who would be king, not an heir.
Isis could not stand by and let this happen because her son was the rightful ruler.
Later, Vortigern is deposed by the rightful King of the Britons, Aurelius Ambrosius (the historical Ambrosius Aurelianus) and Hengist is captured and later executed.
Like the Provisional IRA before it, the RIRA sees itself as the only rightful successor to the original Irish Republican Army and styles itself as simply "the Irish Republican Army" in English or "Óglaigh na hÉireann" (Volunteers of Ireland) in Irish.
Mediaeval sources describe the Rhinegrave as the village's and municipal area's highest "Vogt" and rightful chief justice.
Paul's Cathedral declaring Edward's children bastards and Richard the rightful king.
Princess Alexa enters, and wonders why the marriage must take place at all, since Melissa is the rightful heir.
Since then the two sons and their respective followers have been feuding over who is the rightful successor of Moshe, with the followers of Aaron attempting to gain control of approximately $372 million worth of Satmar buildings and land (including its synagogues) in Williamsburg and elsewhere.
The Amboy Conference was the setting of the official "re-organization" of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints into the Latter Day Saint denomination now known as the Community of Christ. Held on April 6, 1860, this conference recognized movement founder, Joseph Smith, Jr's eldest son, Joseph Smith III as his rightful successor and sustained the young Joseph as President of the Church.
The Golden Gate Yacht Club (GGYC) filed its own challenge for the Cup and then filed a court case asking that CNEV be removed as Challenger of Record as being unqualified under the Deed of Gift. GGYC also asked that it be named as the rightful Challenger of Record, being the first club to file a conforming challenge.
The merchandise is only auction after the police has attempted to return the items to the rightful owner and the merchandise is no longer needed in any police investigation.
The rightful heir was believed to be Edward Berkeley Philipps (later Mansel), son of Courtenay Philipps, son of Richard Mansel, younger brother of the tenth Baronet.
The story is mainly about the sorceress Gudrun, who rules the Jarl's people through fear; the power struggle between her and her son, her very reflection and one weakness; and the small, motley band of outlaws who join him in the fight to restore the land to its rightful leader.
The younger one initially claims to be the true heir of the Duke of Bilgewater, and the older one the lost son of Louis the XVI and the rightful king of France.
There followed a long and acrimonious legal battle, with the New York Court of Appeals finally deciding on April 2, 2009, that CNEV did not qualify as valid challenger, and that the GGYC was thus the rightful Challenger of Record. Dispute.
When Dom Miguel returned and seized power from the rightful heir, his niece Maria II, and proclaimed himself 'Absolute King', Travassos Valdez held out in Madeira until his defence of the island was overwhelmed by an expeditionary force despatched from Portugal. As Miguel had given orders that Travassos Valdez should be hanged if captured, he was forced to flee the Portuguese realms and, with his wife, brother, and six children, sailed to England under the protection of the British Royal Navy in September 1828.
Yahya believed that as the next oldest son, he was next in line to be Ottoman Sultan and felt cheated out of his rightful destiny.
More Vocab Words
::: cantankerous - ill-humored; irritable
::: disclose - reveal; N. disclosure
::: obsequy - funeral ceremony


How are currency exchange rates determined
Specifies how exchange rates for foreign currencies are to be recorded and how to determine the date from which they are valid. For example, you can enter exchange rates for each currency daily, monthly, quarterly, or at other time intervals.
You can enter exchange rates for each of the codes in the currency. In the Currencies window, click Exchange Rates. The "Currency Exchange Rates" window is displayed for the relevant currency.
When you post a business transaction in a foreign currency, the application uses the posting date of the invoice line or journal line and the data from the Currency Exchange Rate table to find the appropriate exchange rate. If no posting date is specified (for example on an order proposal), the application uses the working date to find the appropriate exchange rate.
If you are posting in a reporting currency, the application also uses this table to determine the appropriate exchange rate for the general ledger entries to calculate the amounts in the reporting currency.
Note that to post exchange rate gains and losses, you have to use the batch job Regulate exchange rates and specify the regulated exchange rates used by the batch job. You enter the regulated exchange rates by entering the field Regulation of exchange rate amount and the field Bez. A. Reg. Exchange rate amount to complete.
When posting in a reporting currency, you must retain any data that you enter in the table for that currency.
See also