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Context Class
Namespace: System.Runtime.Remoting.Contexts
Assembly: mscorlib (in mscorlib.dll)
public class Context
A context is an ordered sequence of properties that define an environment for the objects resident inside it. Contexts get created during the activation process for objects that are configured to require certain automatic services, such as synchronization, transactions, just-in-time activation, security, and so on. Multiple objects can live inside a context.
Classes are marked with an instance of the ContextAttribute class, which provides the usage rules. Whenever a new object is instantiated, the.NET Framework finds a compatible or creates a new instance of the Context class for the object. Once an object is placed in a context, it stays in it for life. Classes that can be bound to a context are called context-bound classes. When accessed from another context, such classes are referenced directly by using a proxy. Any call from an object in one context to an object in another context will go through a context proxy and be affected by the policy that the combined context properties enforce.
A new object's context is generally chosen based on meta-data attributes on the class. This mechanism is extensible through custom attributes. These are known as static-context properties, which are compiled into the class meta-data. Dynamic-context properties (also known as configuration properties) can be applied and configured by administrators.
For more information on contexts, see [].
.NET Framework
Supported in: 3.5, 3.0, 2.0, 1.1, 1.0
Community Additions
© 2014 Microsoft


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Posted on February 1, 2013 by ilhandsandvoices
Learn Cued Speech!
* Cued speech provides families and professionals with a tool for complete and accurate communication with the deaf in English and MANY other spoken languages
* Combines hand "Cues" with the natural mouth movements of speech, providing 100% visual confirmation of every sound being spoken
* Is easy to learn: the average person needs 10-20 hours of instruction and a few weeks to a few months of practice (to develop fluency)
* Enables a deaf child to achieve AGE-APPROPRIATE language and literacy levels, from infancy through high school, college, and beyond.
Please see the attached flyer for more details:
Cued Speech Workshop Flyer
Please contact Karla Giese, Director of Deaf Services at _EMAIL_
for more information. We offer monthly workshops.
Looking forward to seeing you at one of our workshops!
Filed under: Cued Speech, Education, Education Resources | Leave a Comment »
Posted on February 1, 2008 by ilhandsandvoices
What is Cued Speech?
Cued Speech is a visual communication system — mouth movements of speech combine with "cues" (hand shapes and locations) to make all the sounds (phonemes) of spoken language look different.
Cued Speech Classes
Alternatives for the Hearing Impaired
Second Saturday of each month
2020 E. Camp McDonald Road
Mt. Prospect, IL 60056
Filed under: Cued Speech, Resources | Leave a Comment »

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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July Theme: Using Picture Books to Teach Reading Strategies
Reading Strategy: Building Background Knowledge
Recommended Grades: 4th-6th grade
I chose to review America : A Patriotic Primer in honor of our Fourth of July holiday yesterday. This is a great picture book to help build children's background knowledge of the principles on which the United States were founded. Be sure to read all of the little bits of information on each page.
Lesson Idea: Prior to a unit on the history of the United States, discuss what students already know about the founding of the United States. Read aloud the book and discuss new information that students learned. You may want to consider charting the information as well. Once sufficient background knowledge has been built, have students create their own ABC book about other facts related to America (i.e. symbols of the U.S., presidents, or a combination of historically important people and events)
©2010 by Dawn Little for Picture This! Teaching with Picture Books. All Amazon links are affiliate links and may result in my receiving a small commission. This is at no additional cost to you.


Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex (TFCC) diagnosis and the non-digital scale
I remember this patient well, "My wrist hurts by the pinky and I can't do anything without pain." Most patients who come my way have had a disabling hand injury for over 6 months and have had several X-Rays, MRI's and opinions. Since 2006, more than 40,000 of them have come to me.
There is a shortage of Hand Surgeons in the USIn America today, there is a shortage of Hand Specialists. In 2014 there were 28,000 hand surgeons in the US serving 318 million people. Most hand surgeons carry a grueling schedule of over 60 patients a day. They are more interested in urgent trauma cases: fractures, burns, etc. Their offices are filled with people waiting for 5 minutes of their time. Yes, 5 minutes.
I found the non-digital scale, also called a mechanical or analog scale, incredibly accurate in assessing the wrist.
Digital scales are not used because they take a simple "snapshot" during the weight-bearing - you don't know if it was at the beginning of your press, the middle, or the end. Digital scales measure weight.
With a non-digital scale, you can visibly see and determine your exact pressing ability.
A non-digital scale can accurately determine a TFCC injury. A digital scale cannot. A non-digital scale, you know, the one that is still in your grandma's bathroom? The scale does not require a battery. This simple tool is available in every country. It is cheap. It is reliable. The test does not require a prescription or insurance to perform. There are few tools available to people to assess the function of the wrist. We have blood pressure cuffs available, blood sugar tests, ph tests, pregnancy test, urine tests, but nothing for the wrist. Well actually, it has been sitting there for years, waiting for someone to push their hand on it.
You can get excited when you press more than your spouse or friend.
Use a NON-digital scale (also called dial, mechanical, or analog scales). They are available for less than $10 USD, OR perform the test on the scale in the store. For your convenience, we've added them to our inventory. Shop here
Place scale on the floor, or the seat of a solid chair. Place palm in the center of the scale, fingers pointing towards the dial, elbow over the wrist. When pressing on the scale, remember NO Pain. You are simply determining your ability.
1. Test the healthy wrist first (record the results)
2. Test the injured wrist – slowly
Stop at the edge of pain – any pain! (record the results)
3. Put on the WristWidget®, or tape the wrist as shown in the video. (Watch the video for important instructions.)
4. RETEST the injured wrist taped or wearing the WristWidget®. (record the results)
Typical pressing ability in an adult wrist is anywhere from 60 lbs to 140 lbs per wrist. The highest I have ever seen was 140 lbs. One gentleman reported 160 but I did not see that reproduced, to his dismay. Weight-bearing tolerance is defined by age, height, and bone density. There is NO difference between dominant and non-dominant wrists. I have just finished an extensive research project to determine the pressing ability in adults.
Grip strength (which requires a dynamometer-a sophisticated device. is generally 15% less than your weight-bearing (pressing) ability.
Let's say you fall on a Friday night, Christmas Eve, or any of the many inconvenient times to fall, and simply won't go to the ER. Your wrist is not swollen or bruised. It just hurts to do most things. So you wait until Monday to see your regular doc.
He/She takes an Xray and sends you to a hand specialist. Xray comes out normal. Most family docs prescribe anti-inflammatories and a wrist splint and send you home to rest. Now it has been 14 days and you still can't do much with your wrist. Brushing your teeth hurts, turning doorknobs hurt, washing dishes is hard, cooking impossible, and heaven forbid you have to carry anything palm up.
You phone the specialists and you have to wait 3-4 weeks for a consultation. Why don't you simply perform the test? Go slowly and do not exceed pain.
Now you have an objective tool to measure your progress over time.
Try a few things. You can try taping it. You can try splinting it. Tape is cheap. Splints are cheap. The taping technique is easy. Take 2 pieces of non-elastic tape, each 1/2 inch in width and 13 inches in length. Retest your weight-bearing tolerance. If it goes up-yippee! You have a Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex (TFCC) injury.
If it doesn't, then try a resting hand brace or wrist cock-up splint. This splint keeps the wrist in neutral. Wait patiently for your visit to the Orthopedist and make sure you take cookies. Be prepared for a 5-minute assessment.
Wrist Pain solution
This test in no way describes all of the variables of injuries to the wrist. But it does help define if you have a TFCC tear. The Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex (TFCC) is an important structure. It serves as a stabilizer of the wrist. When it is not healthy, you can't do much as it allows you to grip, rotate your wrist, and bear weight on your wrist.
Hopefully, you don't want this injury or any injury, but the next time you hurt your wrist, at least, you will have something to help you know what to do. Go visit Granny and borrow her scale. Better yet, buy one for yourself. Your wrist will thank you!
 The Weight Bearing Test is oftentimes more reliable than an MRI and much, much less expensive.
The Weight-bearing test must be performed by every patient with a diagnosis of a TFCC tear. In 100% of the cases I have seen, every TFCC tear presented with painful and diminished weight bearing tolerance. They all show changes with the tape or WristWidget®.
This is not the case for tendonitis, fractures, UT tears and much more. The Weight-bearing test is reliable, affordable and specific.
- Wendy


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Characterising microsatellite loci in the blue crane (Grus paradisea)
Meares, Kathleen Frances.
MetadataShow full item record
The blue crane (Grus paradisea) is endemic to southern Africa and has the smallest geographical range of the 15 crane species occurring world-wide. Although this species is still found throughout most of its historic range, it has experienced a significant and rapid decline in numbers over the last 20 years. One factor causing this decline is the illegal removal of chicks from the wild. Permits are required to keep, trade in and breed cranes in captivity. However, birds must be captive bred in order to obtain a permit. Therefore, chicks taken illegally from the wild are fraudulently incorporated into an existing captive population under the pretence that they offspring of a legal captive pair. This study describes the development of a set of microsatellite markers to assist the identification of illegal trade in the blue crane. These markers can ultimately be used to verify the relationship between the offspring and its claimed parents by performing parentage analyses. Forty microsatellite loci were obtained from genomic libraries previously developed in two other crane species and tested for cross-species utility in the blue crane. In addition, 42 loci were developed for this study from a blue crane species-specific genomic microsatellite library, of which 19 were tested for polymorphism in this species. The microsatellite markers characterised here were also tested for their utility in two other crane species: wattled crane (G. carunculatus) and grey-crowned crane (Balearica regulorum). One locus, Gamu007, was found to be sex-linked and therefore excluded from the set of markers. A total of 28 polymorphic loci were tested for the suitability in parentage analysis in the blue crane. Of these, a set of 16 loci were determined to be as suitable for this purpose. These loci were shown to be inherited in a Mendelian fashion in a single blue crane family. In addition, statistical analysis of the loci were identified as exhibiting linkage equilibrium, this was supported by their distant association on a predicted Grus microsatellite map based on the chicken genome. The selected loci were also identified as having a low frequency of null alleles as well as a total first and second parent exclusion power of 0.9999 and 1.0000, respectively. These loci provide a valuable tool for parentage testing in blue crane, and may also be valuable in population genetic studies to assist conservation strategies. In addition, this set may be used to assist legal cases involving the illegal trade in blue cranes upon completion of additional microsatellite marker validation procedures. Twenty-seven loci were polymorphic in the wattled and grey-crowned crane. These could provide a valuable source of micro satellite loci in these species, and could potentially eliminate the need for the development of a species-specific microsatellite library.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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layer (melanocytic activation) and absence of melanocytic hyperplasia or nests.
Regular brown pattern (regular brown lines)
that histologically corresponds to benign melanocytic hyperplasia with larger amount of melanin and absence of melanocytic nests.
Regular brown pattern with globules or blotches
(regular longitudinal brown lines and presence of globules or blotches of regular size and distribution) is associated with melanocytic nevi. Histologically, the globules correlate with the presence of nests. The blotches correlate with the presence of large amounts of melanin.
(longitudinal lines of irregular color and thickness, with or without irregular globules or blotches), histologically correspond to a disorganized proliferation of atypical melanocytes with atypical cell nests. The irregular lines reveal atypical melanocyte proliferation producing thick longitudinal lines with spread of the pigmentation to adjacent areas. The irregular pattern shows a high sensitivity and specificity for melanoma (Hirata et al., 2011).


Ahmad Yaseen
View Command
Migrating your data into Azure Cosmos DB
June 26, 2020 by
In the previous article, Start your journey with Azure Cosmos DB, we provided you with the backpack that helps you to start your journey with Azure Cosmos DB and filled it with detailed information about the Cosmos DB usage benefits, how to create your first Cosmos DB account, create a new database, container, and items and finally how to query the data stored in that container.
In this article, we will show how to migrate a SQL Server database table's data into an Azure Cosmos DB container using the Cosmos DB Data Migration tool and query the migrated data.
Azure Cosmos DB Data Migration Tool
When planning to migrate your data into an Azure Cosmos DB, you need to use the suitable migration tool that supports your Cosmos DB API type. For example, the Cosmos DB Data Migration tool can be used to migrate the data from the SQL API and the Table API, but it does not support migrating data into Mongo DB API and Gremlin API.
Before using the Cosmos DB Data Migration tool, you need to make sure that the Microsoft.NET Framework 4.51 or higher is installed on the machine where you will run the migration tool. Also, if you plan to migrate a huge amount of data into the Cosmos DB container, make sure to increase the throughput in order to migrate the data faster, as the data migration speed depends highly on the throughput amount. You can easily decrease the throughput after completing the data migration operation to eliminate any high costs issue.
A precompiled copy of the Cosmos DB Data Migration tool can be downloaded directly from this page. The downloaded package contains both a command-line version of the data migration tool, as Dt.exe, and a graphical user interface version of that tool, as Dtui.exe, as shown below:
Precompiled version of Cosmos DB DMT
Migrate SQL Data
The Cosmos DB Data Migration tool is an executable tool, which requires no installation to start the migration process. So, to launch the Data Migration tool, double-click on the executable file of the tool, and it will start directly.
When the Data Migration tool launches, the Welcome page will display a piece of introductory information about that tool, providing external links for the tool documentation and for suggesting new features for that tool, as shown below:
DMT Welcome
The Data Migration tool can be used to import data into your Cosmos DB container, from different data sources. This includes importing data from JSON files, MongoDB, SQL Server, CSV files, Azure Table storage, Amazon DynamoDB, and Azure Cosmos DB SQL API containers.
In this demo, we will copy data from a SQL Server instance, by choosing the SQL data source, as shown below:
Copy from SQL
In order to connect to the SQL Server data source, provide the Standard SQL Server connection string that contains the SQL Server name, the database name, and authorized account credentials to connect to that SQL Server instance. Click on the Verify option to validate the connecting string and make sure that the connection is opened to that SQL Server instance, as below:
Provide connection string and validate
The next step is to provide the T-SQL query that is used to retrieve the data to be migrated from that SQL Server instance. It is recommended to write and tune that T-SQL query first using the SSMS tool, to retrieve only the columns and records that you really need to migrate, in the most optimized way, as shown below:
Write and test query in SSMS
Once the optimal T-SQL query is ready, provide it directly to the Azure Cosmos DB Data Migration tool, or save it as a file and browse that file in the data migration tool.
The Nesting Separator option is used to modify the structure of the generated document by creating hierarchical relationships for the sub-properties, such as the state, country, street and building number of the address, during the data import process, as shown below:
Provide query text
In the Target Information page, specify whether to migrate the data into a JSON file that can be used later, or migrate it directly into an Azure Cosmos DB container using the Sequential or Bulk import method.
The Bulk importer uses the Cosmos DB stored procedure for the copy efficiency, where the stored procedure will be created and executed during the import operation then deleted from the target collection when the import operation completed, with the ability to migrate to a one or more single-partitioned containers.
On the other hand, the sequential importer copies the source records one by one, with the ability to migrate the data to only one container that contains single or multiple partitions.
In this demo, we will use the sequential importer option, as shown below:
Importers options
Before going through the next steps in the Data Migration tool wizard, make sure that you already have a database created under your Azure Cosmos DB account. If not, you can easily create a new Cosmos DB database, by following the steps below:
Create Cosmos DB database
Keep the name of the created database as we will use it in the next step.
In order to get the connection string of the Azure Cosmos DB account, open the account in the Azure Portal and copy the Primary Connection String under the Keys option, as shown below:
Cosmos DB Keys
In order to build the Azure Cosmos DB connection string that can be used in the Data Migration tool, we need to append the name of the created database, as Database=, at the right side of the connection string that is copied from the Cosmos DB keys.
After providing the target connection string, click on the Verify option to validate and test the connection to that account, as shown below:
Provide target and validate it
In the Collection field, you need to provide the name of the container to migrate the data into, where we can only create one container for the Sequential importer, with the ability to create multiple partitions on that container using the provided value of the Partition Key. Multiple containers that are supported by the Bulk importer can be created by providing the name of the collection prefix and the range of collections, as [0-n]. In this example, we will create one container, and use the JobTitle column as a partition key, and the BusinessEntityID as the ID field in the collection items.
It is recommended to tune the throughput amount to make the import operation faster. In our example, we will keep it with default value as we will migrate a small number of records to the Azure Cosmos DB database.
You can also configure a number of advanced options, such as the number of parallel requests, whether to disable the automatic Id generation and consider using the imported ID field, updating (overwriting) the existing documents, specifying the number of retries in case of import failure, the interval between retries, the connection mode, including DirectTcp, DirectHttps, and Gateway and finally persisting the data as String, Epoch or Both, as shown below:
Target settings
In the Advanced Configuration window, you will be requested to specify the location of the import error log file, the type of errors to write to that log file and the update frequency of the import progress messages, as shown below:
Error Log Specification
The next window is the Summary window, in which you can review all your selections before proceeding with the import operation, as shown below:
Summary window
If you manage to perform the import process later or using a command-line tool, the Summary window provides you with the ability to view and copy the command that can be used to import the data based on your choices from the previous steps, as shown below:
View Command
After reviewing all selected options, click on the Import option to start the import operation and monitor the progress of the data migration.
Once the operation completed, the Data Migration tool provides you with the ability to export the failure report or start a new import operation, as shown below:
Import Completed
Query Migrated Data
To validate that the data is migrated to the Azure Cosmos DB container, open the Cosmos DB account using the Azure Portal and browse the database container under the Data Explorer, as shown below:
Validate Data using Data Explorer
To write your own query, instead of using the default data filter, click on the New SQL Query option, to open the query editor, as shown below:
Open Query Editor
In the query editor window, customize the default SELECT query by proving your T-SQL statement. For example, we will return only the employees with a specific job title, by adding a new filter using the WHERE clause, then execute the query, as shown below:
Filter by Job title
We can customize the T-SQL query by specifying the list of columns that we are interested in, and provide the names of the columns in the SELECT statement, then execute the query, as below:
Minimize the number of returned columns
The query editor provides you also with the ability to write more complex T-SQL queries to retrieve only the data that you are interested in and in the preferred view. But you need to tune the query and make sure that this query is not consuming a lot of Azure Cosmos DB resources. This can be verified by checking the Query Statistics for each query to end up with the best performing one, as shown below:
Query Statistics
Another thing to consider here is to make sure that you are using the partition key in your query to filter the retrieved data, as the data already stored in the containers based on the partition key column values.
This is clear from the simple example below, where writing a query that filters the data using another column instead of the partition key, as in the left query, will consume extra 8% RUs compared to filtering the data using the partition key, as in the right query, in addition to the 51% extra index lookup time required to query the data based on the non-partition key, as shown below:
Performance comparison
In this article, we discussed how to


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Although there may be several origins of Yohe, there is no doubt that some with this name are directly related to the Joho line. In the ship's manifest of the Snow Two Sisters arriving Philadelphia in 1738, Johannes Joho's name is also spelled Johe.
I have found various records throughout the years where the same person is spelled Yoho, Yohe, and Yoh. I have also received several letters from families in the Western US who indicated their parents or grandparents changed their name of Yoho to Yohe, because apparently there are more families living in that part of the US with the Yohe spelling. One such letter came from William Yohe in Des Moines Iowa who had traced his line back to Peter Yoho.
There is strong evidence that the perhaps the majority of those with the name Yohe derived it from the Joh spelling. There are several sources that relate the names Yohe and Joh and some that relate Yohe to Yoha. Some accounts of the origin of Yohe follow:.
|Sources of Johe/Yohe Genealogy|
In 1998 I received a copy of a recent family history entitled "The Old Eberbacher Families. The origin of the Swiss Immigrant Conrad Joho to Schinznach in Aargau" by Hermann Eiermann dated 1997. I have partially translated this book (from German) that accounts for the history of Conrad Joho dating from 1395 in Baden Switzerland.
This book contains a few references to the Name Johe and Joh. Some of my translation is as follows:
The investigations of Joho must expand to include similarly written surnames, but it is not clear from where these other names take their origin. The surname Johe is very common in South Hessen. This name however is not found in the documents of the Erbacher's files around 1450. When and from where this name originated is also not recogonized from the oldest church books. The original (church? book?) burned and was recreated again in a way of a so-called inspection by the minister, by citing and indicating the living citizens to approximately 1650.
Three citations of the name Johe and Joh were found in Eiermann's book:
In 1998, I received a letter from Richard Yohe that included historical information from Scott Yohe of Washington D.C.
Our records start in 1668, when members of the Huguenot family named Joe (Joseph) fled religious persecution in France and settled in a Lutheran area (specifically, near Beerfelden, Erbach. The spelling was soon changed to Joh but pronounced Yo-uh. Sometime in the mid-1700s the "e" was put back on the end of the name to make it more like the original. Our ancestor, Michael, Sr., was a young boy when brought to Easton, PA in 1754 by his mother and step-father. It seems that she and his late father were cousins, and her brother, Adam Yohe (the "J" was quickly changed to "Y" and the "e" made long), also settled in Easton. After the revolution, Michael moved west and settled in Monogahela City, south of Pittsburgh. His son, Michael, Jr., got a land grant in Ohio (one of my cousins still has the document) and settled near Canton. Our grandfather, an uncle, and his sons operated (and still do) a hardware business. Our great grandfather, George Washington Yohe was an enterprising character, who, among other things, taught political science at Mt. Union College, named many of the streets in Canton, and owned a lot of real estate, including Hotel Yohe.
With regard to Yohe/Yoho... I have never heard anyone even suggest there was a connection between these two names (Yoho and Yohe). At one time ( 20 years) a grandfather was doing all sorts of research into the family name, tracing it back to wherever... and there wasn't a word about that spelling. "Yoh" was the root name and when it hit the US they added the "e" for so folks could pronounce it...at least that's what I was told.
Chris Stern from British Columbia Canada sent the following e-mail about the name Yoh and Yohe:
We are interested in the 3 names Johann Jacob Joh, Johan Adam Joh, and Johann Michel Joh who were aboard the ship Albany in 1749 listed on your website. All three go back to Jacob Joh ea. 1630 Germany.
I am also corresponding with others doing research on the Yohe line. They all have similar information as to the Yohe name going back to Germany in 1630. From all their correspondence, it seems that Joh was changed to Yohe when the 3 came over. Johann Adam and Johann Jacob were brothers Johan Michael was their cousin.
I can find no Issac Yohe, but the information I have doesn't include any children for Johann Jacob. I have descendants for their sister Anna Maria Barbara which is also the mother of Johan Michael Joh(Yohe) that came on the Albany. They are also related to the Shouse. My genealogy site contains a small page on Yohe, although this page is still under construction.
Chris also included an early partial Family Lineage from Beerfelden Parish Church in Odenwald Germany:
Hans Peter Joh(1691-?) Married Anna Elizabeth Ulrich (_PHONE_);
Hans Georg Joh (1693-?) Married Anna Margareta Ulrich (?-1767)
George Conrad Joh Married Anna Maria Barbara Joh (This is the daughter of the above Hans Peter Joh and Anna Ulrich)
I saw your family page on the Internet. I've been doing research on the YOH, YOHE, JOH family who settled in Schuylkill Co. These Yohs don't seem to fit in with your family but since you mentioned Jacob and William Yoh of Schuylkill Co. I thought I would fill you in on some details.
This Jacob Yoh was born about 1755 and died in Schuylkill Co. in 1829. According to his will his children were Henry, Adam, William, Benjamin, Ester, Peggy, Catherine and Jacob.
William Yoh was born in 1787 and died in 1827. He is buried at Flowery Field Cemetery, near Pottsville, Pa. He married Maria Boyer, the daughter of another early settler in Schuylkill Co. They had a son, James, who died in Jefferson Co. Pa. in 1899 at age 82. Adam Yoh, another son of Jacob, also moved to Jefferson Co. Pa.
Jacob was apparently the son of George (b. abt 1720 and died 1782) and Elizabeth Yoh of Windsor Twp. Berks Co.
There are a lot of Yohs buried in the Mifflinville Cemetery, Mifflin Twp, Columbia Co. Pa. Supposedly they are descendants of Peter Yoh of Berks Co. who may have been a son of George-- and thus a brother of Jacob.
I have some more information about this family, if you are interested. Let me know.
Bea Leemhuis 2631 W. 6th St. Erie, Pa. 16505; _EMAIL_
The following account was found in Joseph H. Zerbey History, Pottsville and Schuylkill County PA. The original article quoted in the account is from the Pottsville Republican Morning Paper, September 1934:
New Castle Township, so named after the famous coal centre of England was formed from Norwegian in 1847. Prior to its organization as a separate township it was a part of Norweigian Township, one of the nine original townships of Schuylkill.
The first settlers in what is now New Castle Township were Jacob Joh, John boyer, and Necho Allen. The Necho Allen Hotel in Pottsville perpetuates the memory of this early Schuylkill County Pioneer. Yoh settled on the turnpike leading west from Wadesville near the present residence of Owen Loftus and which at an earlier date was the home of Evan Evans, early coal operator and the father of Wm. J. Evans, present Prothonotary of Sch. County.
Boyer located about a mile north of Yoh, on the road leading to Mt. Laffee. This dwelling was later occupied by Tobey hire, and was but recently removed due to mining operations.
Necho Allen settled at the Big Spring about one-half mile above the later site of the village of New Castle on the summit of Broad Mountain. His residence was called the "black Cabin".
In one of his hunting expiditions in 1790, Allen camped on Broad Mountain for the night and kindled a fire among some rocks. During the night he wakened to find a mass of glowing fire, having accidently set fire to an outcrop of an anthracite coal-bed.
Later a tavern was erected on the spot along the Centre Turnpike and called the "Second Tavern" to distinguish it from another tavern located in the village of New Castle, and known as the "First Tavern". This latter building was recently removed, its last occupant being Peter McCloskey. These three early settlers took up residence in the township about the year 1800.
William Yoh (Yohe), son of Jacob Yoh and son-in-law of John Boyer, built the first tavern along what became the Centre Turnpike, about 1810. This tavern was burned in 183


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Quidor, John (kĭdôrˈ) [key], 1801–81, American painter, b. Tappan, N.Y., studied with J. W. Jarvis. Little appreciated in his own time, he was subsequently accorded a place among the best early American artists. He is represented in the Brooklyn Museum by three paintings, Dorothea, Money Diggers, and Wolfert's Will. He is probably best known for his scenes inspired by the writings of Washington Irving, e.g., Ichabod Crane Pursued by the Headless Horseman (Yale Univ.). Quidor often provided a mysterious romantic setting for scenes in which he mingled macabre elements with an earthy humor.
See study by J. Baur (1942).
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
More on John Quidor from Fact Monster:
See more Encyclopedia articles on: American and Canadian Art: Biographies


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The Synolic Manager
Getting It All Together
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In their 30-year business experience the authors faced a continuous need to develop people. They found that managers and training professionals encountered difficulties in efforts to critically examine performance improvement opportunities and in exploring the ingredients of individual performance.
Traditional approaches such as skills training, even when based on the findings of job analyses and job knowledge surveys, often failed to significantly affect individual performance. Facing questions such as "why do competent and motivated managers sometimes fail to achieve certain realistic and well-planned objectives?" the authors felt the need for a more comprehensive approach to human resource development (HRD). Such an approach would include a set of factors that, seen as related to spirituality in the workplace, traditionally were largely ignored. These were personal factors, such as beliefs and self-image, which did not allow some people to utilize new skills taught at traditional training courses.
Following academic and field research the authors developed a new HRD model for which they coined the term Synolic from the Greek "synolos," meaning complete or all together. The new model was presented in an article entitled "The Synolic Approach to Human Resource Development," published in the British management journal Executive Development (Vol. 8, No. 2, 1995).
This book represents the authors' effort to respond to requests for how-to techniques for utilizing the Synolic model. They opted to write it in allegory form to make it easier to read after a hard day at work. It tells the story of a promising and ambitious young human resources professional who is frustrated by the reluctance of a crusty marketing manager to utilize her impeccable HRD services. In search of answers, our heroine travels from New Jersey to London and returns ready to abandon her traditional HRD role and instead serve as performance consultant to the business units. As a narrative nonfiction book The Synolic Manager may be read as an introduction to the concept of a comprehensive approach to development of self or others. The Appendix may be used as a workbook for specific performance improvement and for career or retirement planning.
- Xlibris US, March 1999
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- EPUB 2 (Adobe DRM)
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Case Study 1: Business Schools of Asia-Pacific (Due October 10, 2012)
The pursuit of a higher education degree in business is now international. A survey shows that more and more Asians choose the Master of Business Administration degree route to corporate success. As a result, the number of applicants for MBA courses at Asia-Pacific schools continues to increase. Across the region, thousands of Asians show an increasing willingness to temporarily shelve their careers and spend two years in pursuit of a theoretical business qualification. Courses in these schools are notoriously tough and include economics, banking, marketing, behavioral sciences, labor relations, decision making, strategic thinking, business law, and more. The data set shows some of the characteristics of the leading Asia-Pacific business schools. Case Questions:
Use the methods of descriptive statistics to summarize the data. Discuss your findings. 1. Include a summary for each variable in the data set. Make comments and interpretations based on maximums and minimums, as well as the appropriate means and proportions. What new insights do these descriptive statistics provide concerning Asia-Pacific business schools? 2. Summarize the data to compare the following:
a. Any difference between local and foreign tuition costs.
b. Any difference between mean starting salaries for schools requiring and not requiring work experience.
c. Any difference between starting salaries for schools requiring and not requiring English tests.
3. Do starting salaries appear to be related to tuition?
4. Present any additional graphical and numerical summaries that will be beneficial in communicating the data to others.


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Populations of Iberian spiders that make aerial webs and move around by ballooning (using a thread of silk as a parachute) are genetically more homogeneous and are better connected between them. On the other side, species of nocturnal spiders, which hunt on the ground and have a low dispersal capacity, show less genetically connected populations and are more vulnerable to local extinction processes due to environmental factors.
This is concluded in an article published in the journal Insect Conservation and Diversity, led by Professor Miquel Arnedo, from the Faculty of Biology and the Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio) of the University of Barcelona. Among the participants are the UB-IRBio experts Marc Domènec —first author of the article—, Alba Enguídanos and Cesc Múrria, and Jagoba Malumbres-Olarte, from the University of the Azores (Portugal).
Genetic diversity of Iberian spider populations
In the context of the current biodiversity loss due to human activity, the use of genetic techniques to accelerate cataloguing and identification of species for their preservation has become especially relevant. These techniques require databases that relate species to their genetic sequencing.
The new paper is the broadest study on the biodiversity of spiders of the Iberian Peninsula carried out using the DNA barcoding methodology, a comparative genetics technique for the identification of species. With this genetic information, the team revealed the existence of a taxonomic diversity that had been unnoticed to date.
The team provided more than 3,200 new sequences of spiders corresponding to 371 species —that is, a quarter of the total of registered species in the Iberian Peninsula that live in different oak woodlands of six national parks: Aigüestortes i Estany de Sant Maurici, Ordesa y Monte Perdido, Picos de Europa, Monfragüe, Cabañeros and Sierra Nevada.
Populations of Iberian spiders are characterized by an exceptionally high diversity and a high endemic level. This high level of endemism —and a relatively reduced distribution— makes peninsular populations more vulnerable to potential local extinctions, compromising the viability of the species. "In other populations of the European continent, the endemicity level is lower and this involves a broader distribution which guarantees the permanence of the species despite the potential extinction of some of their populations", notes Professor Miquel Arnedo, from the Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences.
As stated in the paper, some peninsular species show a high genetic homogeneity in the area but others present a high variability between populations. "In different cases, the delimitation of species based on genetic information has revealed the existence of well differenced lineages within the same species", notes Arnedo.
"These lineages —he continues— could simply reflect populations that are less connected to each other. However, in some cases, this could indicate the potential existence of a hidden diversity that we had not found before, if we consider the morphological characters exclusively", adds Arnedo. "Therefore, we have found that species such as Eratigena montigena or Nuctenea umbratica have different lineages that had been unnoticed due to the strong morphological similarities between them. Future studies with these species will determine whether these lineages correspond to different species".
How to protect Iberian spider populations
The genetic structure of peninsular spider populations is associated to their functional features, as noted in the paper. The correlation of the patterns of genetic diversity at a peninsular scale with different functional and environmental variables enabled the researchers to determine that better connected and genetically homogeneous populations are associated to diurnal spiders that live in the vegetation, hunt preys with space webs and move by ballooning. However, those living at the ground level, which are active and nocturnal hunters, are more vulnerable to local extinctions due to a lower genetic connection between populations.
Keeping the genetic variability in a population "is a fundamental factor to ensure the adaptation skills and to deal with environmental changes since it is the substrate on which natural selection acts", says Marc Domènech (UB-IRBio), first signatory of the article.
"Regarding the species with a low dispersal capacity, if a population disappears due to some external perturbation, it is even harder to repopulate the area it occupied at the beginning", notes Domènech. "The fragmentation of the habitats is one of the most negative effects derived from the alteration of natural environments. Therefore, it is important to ensure the existence of biological corridors that ease the connectivity among populations that are separated by altered environments and that are inhospitable by these species".
DNA Barcoding: a revolution in taxonomic studies
The DNA Barcoding methodology has changed the analysis of biodiversity in several faunistic groups through new great-resolution bioinformatic tools to accelerate the classification and identification of species. Using this technology, it is possible to classify juvenile individuals —morphologically unidentifiable— at a species and subspecies level. It is also an efficient technique to identify different life stages of the same species which are impossible to identify by other methodologies.
In the study field of Iberian spiders, the team led by Miquel Arnedo is working on a DNA barcode library of all Iberian spiders. This task will enable the future implementation of automated and large-scale identification systems to facilitate the monitoring of communities and habitats of interest, and therefore establish an early warning system to detect potential perturbations on the populations. "Extrapolating these results to other natural habitats will allow us to see up to what extent our results are generalizable", conclude the experts.
Insect Conservation and Diversity
Method of Research
Subject of Research
What DNA barcodes reveal: microhabitat preference, hunting strategy and dispersal ability drive genetic variation across Iberian spider species
Article Publication Date


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Off-campus programs offer a variety of program features. Here are some basic considerations when selecting a program:
- Is instruction classroom or field-based?
- Are classes taught by local faculty or visiting professors from the United States and elsewhere?
- Does the program have a thematic focus or do students choose from a variety of subject areas?
- Where are other students from?
- Will you live with a local host family, local roommates, or with other students on the program?
- Will you stay in a house, dorm, apartment, or hostel/hotel?
- Are meals included in the cost?
- Where do students typically eat?
- Is there someone available to contact 24/7?
- Is that person located nearby or in another part of the country?
- Where, specifically, is the program located (in city center, at or near a university, in rented office space, etc)?
- How many hours/week is the internship?
- What kinds of internships are available?
- Are placements guaranteed or competitive?
- Is the internship accompanied by an academic course (necessary to receive credit)?
- Is the internship done part-time throughout the program or full-time for part of the program?
- Is independent research an integral part of program or one option among many?
- Who supervises the research?
- How is the independent research project structured (weekly seminars, discussion group, final paper, presentation, etc.)?
- Does the program have an IRB (Internal Review Board) approval process for human subjects or will you need to request IRB approval from Carleton?
- Does the program offer non-credit volunteer opportunities?
- Do any of the classes include a service-learning component?
- Questions to ask yourself when selecting a program
- Program Features
- Resources to consult when choosing an OCS program
- Pre-Departure Video and Checklist
- Teaching and Learning on OCS
- Program Evaluation
- Transitioning Back to the United States & Carleton
- Going Abroad Again
- Integrating OCS into Academic/Career/Life planning


Ask a doctor
If the skin on my nose has thinned, or atrophied, can anything be done to repair it?
Doctor Answers 1
Thin nasal skin can be fixed
Thin nasal skin can be fixed - in theory. This begs the question, why do you want it fixed? Without photos or any other direction its tough for me to address this questions.
Rhinoplasty in patients with thin skin is trickier because the thin skin doesn't mask any imperfections. Thus, one has to be meticulous in their technique and ensure things are smooth when the rhinoplasty is finished. In spite of a surgeon's best efforts, minor contour irregularities can become visible years after rhinoplasty in thin-skinned patients.
To correct this, many surgeons use Temporalis Fascia (the lining of the temporalis muscle - located on the side of your head - clench your teeth and you'll feel it) placed over top of the cartilage and beneath your skin to provide a buffer and prevent these future contour irregularities. Some have also had success with Alloderm(R) implants used in the exact same way, while others feel Alloderm(R) eventually atrophies away and does not help.
Other non-invasive method of hiding contour irregularities involves the use of fillers such as Juvederm or Restylane injected in the region of the contour irregularities. This is a simple, non-permanent (lasts 3 - 6 months) method of fixing this problem without having to undergo surgery.
Bottom line: thin skin can be modified during rhinoplasty and this can also be done years after the original rhinoplasty with a revision procedure. I would encourage you to meet with your previous surgeon, or schedule an appointment with a Facial Plastic Surgeon to discuss your concerns and find a comfortable solution.
Toronto Facial Plastic Surgeon


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Green Cart Yard & Food Waste
This is an optional fee-for-service (non-refundable) program for residential yard and food waste, available for single-family households with blue and black carts.
Register or renew now for the Early Bird rate of $55. On May 1, the Green Cart fee will increase to $75.
What you can expect from us
- The City collects carts every two weeks from May to early November on your scheduled collection day.
- All Green Carts are collected from the front curb, even if your blue and black carts are collected in the back lane.
- The City provides an additional cart as part of the annual fee.
How you can help us
- Place your food and yard waste loose into your green cart (no plastic or bagged items).
- Ensure the cart is placed out for collection prior to 7 a.m. on your scheduled pickup day.
- Ensure there is at least 1.2 meters (4 feet) of clearance around all sides of the cart.
- Between collections, store your Green Cart in a secure, shaded location on your property.
What goes in your Green Cart?
Use your Green Cart for yard and food waste. Use the Waste Wizard tool to find out what goes in your green cart or browse through the list of acceptable items.
Please place your yard and food waste loose into your Green Cart (no plastic or bagged items please).
ACCEPTED yard waste:
- Grass clippings
- Garden refuse (e.g. plant tops and clippings, flowers, stalks, fallen fruit)
- Twigs (smaller than your finger in diameter, and no longer than an arm's length)
- Wood chips and bark mulch
- Fallen elm leaves
- Pine and spruce cones and needles
- Household plants, including soil
ACCEPTED food and other waste:
- Fruits and vegetables (cooked or raw, including peels and pits)
- Bread, noodles, beans, rice, grains
- Nuts, seeds
- Eggs, eggshells
- Coffee grounds
- Paper teabags, paper coffee filters
- Dry baking ingredients, herbs, spices
- Food-soiled paper napkins, paper towel, and kleenex (must be free of contaminants, such as household cleaners and grease)
- Food-soiled paper plates, cups, and muffin wrappers (un-waxed and un-plasticized)
- Food-soiled pizza boxes and cardboard (Note: clean pizza boxes and cardboard go into your Blue Cart to be recycled)
- Wooden stir sticks, chop sticks, popsicle sticks, toothpicks
- Newsprint, cardboard, and paper bags (to wrap food and line containers)
The following materials are not accepted in the Green Cart program and will not be picked up:
Yard materials that are NOT accepted:
- Any bagged material
- Soil & dirt
- Elm wood
- Treated and untreated lumber and wood products
- Tree branches (larger than your finger in diameter and longer than an arm's length)
- Logs and stumps
Food and other materials that are NOT accepted:
- Any bagged material
- Plastic, of any type (including compostable plastic, biodegradable plastic, and plastic bags)
- Packaging and wrappers, of all types
- Dairy products, including milk, yogurt and cheese
- Fats, cooking oils, and grease
- Salad dressing, mayonnaise, gravy, and sauces
- Meat, seafood, and bones
- Butcher's meat wrap
- Chips, candy, baked goods
- Mixed table scraps
- Beverage containers
- Pet waste, pet food, animal bedding, animal carcasses
- Waxed paper
- Cigarette butts, tobacco, ashes
- Fireplace and BBQ ashes, matches
- Corks (from wine bottles, etc.)
- Q-tips, cotton balls, cosmetics, make-up removal pads, dental floss
- Diapers, baby wipes, feminine hygiene products
- Medicines and pharmaceuticals
- Waxand plastic-coated paper products
- Clothing, textiles
- Rope, rags
- Dryer lint, floor sweepings, vacuum bags, vacuum contents
Rates and Fees
Renew your subscription by mail or register online for the 2018 season by April 30 to be eligible for the early bird rate of $55! On May 1, the Green Cart fee will increase to $75. There is currently no automatic renewal and billing does not occur as part of your utility bill. Green Cart collection dates will appear on your personal collection calendar when your application has been processed.
Current subscribers who do not intend to renew their subscription please contact us at _PHONE_ or email to have their green cart removed.
To report a damaged cart, cart relocation procedure, or if you'd like to discontinue your participation in the program, please contact us at email or _PHONE_ to arrange a day for your Green Cart to be picked up. Report illegally disposed waste by submitting online form or by calling _PHONE_.
New subscribers will receive their cart within 4 weeks of receipt of payment and registration.
Please do not write your address on your green cart. Your cart may be used at another location if you choose not to register for the program in the future. The Green Cart collection service is available for community gardens (for a fee). Please contact us at _PHONE_ or email for details.
Program "How-To" Tips
Here are some simple tips to properly and easily dispose of your yard and food waste.
- Collect food waste in a small container with a lid. Store it inside a cupboard, underneath your sink, or outside your backdoor. Ensure the lid is fully closed.
- Line your container with newspaper or a paper bag, or simply wrap food in a napkin. Please do not use waxed, plastic, plastic-lined, compostable, or biodegrable bags.
- Drain excess liquids from your food waste before placing in the container.
- Freeze smelly food waste until collection day.
- Empty the contents of your container into your Green Cart as frequently as necessary.
- Rinse your container after emptying it into your Green Cart.
- Sprinkle baking soda in the bottom of your container to reduce odours and deter insects.
- Catch fruit flies in a bowl of vinegar covered with plastic wrap, pricked with a few holes.
- Set your cart out for every collection, even if it isn't full.
- Store your Green Cart outside in a shady, flat, and ventilated location.
- Keep the lid fully closed.
- Line your cart with newsprint, cardboard, or yard waste before adding food waste.
- Covering food waste with yard waste will help prevent odours and insects. Keep the contents of your cart dry by alternating a layer of food waste with a layer of dried leaves, grass clippings, or dead plants.
- Let leaves, grass, and yard waste dry out first before placing them into your cart.
- Rinse your bin occasionally with a garden hose. Pour contents onto grass or gravel (not down the storm drain).
- Sprinkle a small amount of vinegar or baking soda into your Green Cart to reduce odour.
- If animals chew on the bin, rub peppermint oil, hot sauce, cayenne, or chili powder on the chewed spot to deter other animals.
Reducing odours and insects
Odours are produced when materials are too wet and/or do not have enough access to oxygen. The easiest way to prevent odours in your Green Cart is to store your yard waste outdoors between collection days to allow them to dry out and access air.
Pests, such as insects, are attracted to food waste, so keeping these materials covered and enclosed is very important.
For more information, please read our Preventing Odours and Pests letter or review the Program "How-To" Tips above.
Cart filling up too fast?
If your Green Cart is filling up before collection day, try following these simple tips:
Tips to reduce yard waste:
- Leave grass clippings on your lawn after mowing, also known as "grasscycling."
- Work leaves directly into your garden soil or use them as mulch on your garden beds.
- Take excess yard waste to one of the City's compost depots free of charge.
- Compost excess yard waste using a backyard composting system.
Tips to reduce food waste:
- Get creative – look for recipes that use foods you already have on hand.
- Shop smart – don't buy more food than you can eat before it starts to spoil.
- Store foods correctly so they last longer.
- Look in your fridge, freezer and pantry before grocery shopping so you only buy what you need.
- Create an "Almost Expired" section in your fridge and pantry to store items that have to be used quickly. Start your meal planning by looking through these items.
- Freeze foods for later use.
- Keep track of what you throw away to get an idea of how much food you could be saving.
- Compost excess food waste at home, by using a backyard or indoor composting system.
Green Cart still filling up before collection day? Order a second cart for an additional subscription fee.
Why composting matters?
Food and yard waste aren't garbage – they're a plant's best friend!
When these materials are composted, the end product (compost) can be added to lawns, flowerbeds, vegetable gardens, and house plants to add nutrients to the soil, conserve water, and reduce weeds, pests and diseases.
What happens to the food and yard waste I put in my Green Cart?
Compost from your Green Cart has been used to keep Saskatoon parks, community gardens, and other public green spaces


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|This article is about the story book. You may be looking for the movie, the activity book, the sticker book, the Soundtrack or the Board game.|
Thomas and the Magic Railroad is a book based on the feature film of the same name.
Thomas makes a perilous trip to bring back Lady to restore the Magic Railroad.
- Diesel 10
- Mr. Conductor
- Burnett Stone
- Lily Stone
- Gordon (does not speak)
- Lady (does not speak)
- Splatter and Dodge (do not speak)
- James (cameo)
- Cranky (cameo)
- Henry (mentioned)
- Sir Topham Hatt (mentioned)
- In the book, an explosion causes Thomas to topple off of the cliff. This was to be part of the original film until P.T. Boomer was cut.
- The book has the original script in seven ways:
- Diesel 10 is a new engine on the Island of Sodor.
- Mr. Conductor escapes Diesel 10 by cutting a wire instead of a hydraulic pipe.
- Diesel 10 plans to destroy all of the buffers on Sodor to find the magic ones.
- Thomas is seen going through another part of the magic railroad.
- Diesel 10 is evesdropping on Mr. Conductor as he sleeps.
- Diesel 10 refers his grabber as his "claw", instead of "Pinchy".
- It is mentioned that the trains didn't stop on Burnett's side of the mountain.
- The buffers are illustrated to look like crossing gates.
- Junior is illustrated as wearing his conductor's hat throughout the book, but in the film he does not receive it until the end.
- In the twenty-fifth illustration, Thomas' funnel is too far back and Lady's appears to be missing.
- Gordon's funnel is taller than usual in the first illustration.
- Lady is missing her crossheads.
- During one of "the chase" illustrations, Thomas is not between Lady and Diesel 10. Yet the text says he is.
- In the first illustration, Gordon is missing his brake pipe and lamp irons.
- In one illustration, James has grey wheels when they should be black.


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by Brian Duignan
— This post, originally published on June 18, 2012, was revised by the author on June 27, 2012 in light of comments by Michael Marder. The author is solely responsible for any remaining errors.
In two recent posts published in The Stone, the notoriously uneven philosophy blog hosted by the New York Times, the philosopher Michael Marder argues that, because peas can talk, we should think twice about eating them (see "If Peas Can Talk, Should We Eat Them?" and "Is Plant Liberation on the Menu?").
Marder cites a peer-reviewed study by researchers at the Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research at Ben-Gurion University, Israel ("Rumor Has It …: Relay Communication of Stress Cues in Plants"), which found that pea plants that are subjected to drought conditions emit chemical "stress cues" that are picked up by neighboring unstressed pea plants via shared root structures. The neighboring plants respond to the cues by closing their stomata (to prevent water loss) and transmit the cues via similar pathways to other unstressed plants, which in turn respond by closing their own stomata. According to Marder, the Blaustein study and other research in "plant intelligence and neurobotany" demonstrate that plants are capable of "processing, remembering, and sharing information" and of "basic learning and communication". Indeed, "when it comes to a plant, it turns out to be not only a what but also a who—an agent in its milieu, with its own intrinsic value or version of the good". Plants, in fact, possess "subjectivity", says Marder, though in their case it is "not centered in a single organ or function but is dispersed throughout their bodies, from the roots to the leaves and shoots".
Marder claims that "studies have found evidence of 'deliberate behavior' in plants", as indicated by changes in the branching pattern of roots in the presence of resource-rich patches of soil. Because plants "engage with their environments and with one another in ways that are incredibly sophisticated, plastic and responsive", they are "intelligent, though not perhaps conscious".
Given that plants possess such remarkable capacities, Marder suggests, it is morally impermissible to subject them to "total instrumentalization", which encompasses the cultivation of "peas and other annual plants, the entire being of which humans devote to externally imposed ends". Nevertheless, because of plants' "wonderous capacity for regeneration … the 'renewable' aspects of perennial plants may be accepted by humans as a gift of vegetal being and integrated into their diets". Evidently, then, Marder thinks that it is immoral to eat annual plants like peas but not immoral to eat perennials such as artichokes.
In his second post, Marder expanded on his notion of instrumentalization, explaining that, on his view, it is immoral "to reduce plants to storehouses of carbohydrates and vitamins or to that other source of energy so widely applauded today, biofuel". To do so would be to show insufficient respect for "vegetal life", whose unique potentialities for growth, reproduction, and nourishment (conceived by Aristotle as a vegetative "soul") deserve to be nurtured by humans.
Responses to Marder's posts in the comments field of The Stone and on other sites, including those of some media organizations, were generally (and understandably) negative. Many readers of his first post incorrectly took him to be arguing that it is immoral to eat any plants. Ardent omnivores and ideological opponents of animal rights, citing this conclusion, ridiculed Marder's argument as an unintended reductio of veganism and animal rights philosophy ("it goes to show what a slippery slope the ethics of food is, and just how arbitrary, subjective and ridiculous the vegetarian/vegan ethics-based arguments are"). Wesley J. Smith, a senior fellow at the Discovery Institute (a "think tank" that promotes Intelligent Design) and a defender of "human exceptionalism", went further ("Good Grief: Now It's Pea Personhood!"), using the occasion to dismiss the New York Times (for publishing the piece) and all university professors (because Marder happens to be one).
Many readers who were sympathetic to veganism and animal rights were unimpressed (to put it mildly) with Marder's arguments and dismayed at the prospect (alas, soon realized) that people like Smith would use them to cast an entire movement as intellectually shallow, if not downright silly. A few fellow philosophers pointed out the more obvious fallacies: that chemical signaling in plants (which has been documented since the 1930s) is not equivalent to "communication", literally understood; that the stress responses induced through chemical signaling do not result from "learning" or "memories"; and that directional root branching is not "deliberate" (willful) behavior. Furthermore, plants are not "agents", because they are incapable of intentional action or decision making; there is no such thing as "the good" for plants, because plants have no interests (only a sentient being can have interests); plants do not possess "subjectivity", because they have no conscious experiences (there is nothing it is like to be a plant); and plants are not "intelligent" in any literal sense of the term.
Some readers argued that the plant behaviors Marder characterizes as deliberate or intelligent are exhibited by simple machines like heating and cooling systems. In a subsequent exchange with Marder, the philosopher and animal-rights advocate Gary Francione made a similar point, asserting that Marder treats obviously nonintelligent behavior as evidence of nonconscious intelligence. Marder's entire argument, according to Francione, "rests on … confusing a reaction with a response":
If you put an electrical current through a wire that is attached to a bell, the bell will ring. The bell reacts; it does not respond. It is as absurd to say that a bell has a "nonconscious response" as it is to say a plant does ("Michael Marder and Gary Francione Debate Plant Ethics").
Indeed, Marder seems to acknowledge that plants, because they lack a nervous system, are not conscious (they are "perhaps not conscious"); yet he insists on describing them in terms whose ordinary meanings presuppose consciousness or mentality. His style of argument, which is unfortunately typical of certain genres of philosophical writing, is to introduce a term in a context in which it can have no literal application, ostensibly as a metaphor or strained analogy, and then to go on to use it as if it were literally meaningful—as if it literally applied to something real. Thus does he use terms like "memories" (to describe cellular-level changes in unstressed plants that receive chemical signals from stressed plants); "intentionality" (to describe plants' "extended and dispersed striving"); and "vegetal good" (to describe what is in the best interests of plants). Likewise "sentience", to describe the capacity of plants like tomatoes to signal distress to other plants when attacked and to render their leaves unpalatable to predators. (It should be noted that botanists and other plant scientists use the terms "memory", "communication", and certain others in reference to plants and that they generally do not conceive of such terms as metaphors or analogies, though they are in fact metaphors or analogies; the paper cited by Marder in his first post, "Rumor Has It …", is a case in point. In such cases, Marder is repeating a specialized, albeit nonliteral, usage drawn from a scientific context.)
Having employed what amounts to a fanciful trope, Marder chides more conventionally minded philosophers, including Francione, for failing to recognize it as a conceptual breakthrough or a significant empirical discovery. It is a sign of anthropomorphism, even speciesism (!), he suggests in the debate with Francione, to think that all sentience must be like the human kind (i.e., arising from nervous systems). Never mind what "sentience" means.
Marder's philosophizing, which proceeds by reifying metaphors, is best understood as a kind of metaphysical poetry. His posts would be merely annoying or laughable if no one paid any attention to them. Unfortunately, they have received some notice from ideological enemies of animal rights, and they may yet influence significant numbers of people who are undecided about the morality of meat eating or about the human treatment of animals generally. That is disturbing, as Francione points out, because it is difficult to see how Marder's views do not serve to undermine the moral argument for ordinary veganism (the practice of restricting one's diet to plants and plant products, including both annuals and perennials). If, as Marder insists, "the commendable desire to ameliorate the condition of animals … does not justify … the indiscriminate consumption of plants", then ordinary veganism cannot be justified as the most effective way to ameliorate animal suffering. (Although Marder implies in this passage that animal suffering is not morally more important than the stress responses of plants, he explicitly rejects that idea in the preceding sentence, arguing that "plant stress certainly does not reach the same intensity … as animal suffering—a fact that must be reflected in our practical ethics".)
It is of course open to Marder to reply that this objection rests on a false dichotomy, since the restricted veganism he apparently advocates (excluding annuals) would ameliorate animal suffering just as effectively. (The amount of animal suffering that would be eliminated by the wide adoption of restricted veganism is not less than the amount that would be eliminated by the wide adoption of ordinary


Lower bounds on locality sensitive hashing
Rajeev Motwani, Assaf Naor, Rina Panigrahy
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
39 Scopus citations
Given a metric space (X, dx), c ≥ 1, r > 0, and p,q ∈ [0, 1], a distribution over mappings ℋ : X → N is called a (r, cr, p, o)-sensitive hash family if any two points in X at distance at most r are mapped by ℋ to the same value with probability at least p, and any two points at distance greater than ℋ are mapped by ℋ to the same value with probability at most q. This notion was introduced by Indyk and Motwani in 1998 as the basis for an efficient approximate nearest neighbor search algorithm and has since been used extensively for this purpose. The performance of these algorithms is governed by the parameter ρ = log(1/p)/log(1/q), and constructing hash families with small p automatically yields improved nearest neighbor algorithms. Here we show that for X - ℓ1 it is impossible to achieve ρ ≤ 1/2c. This almost matches the construction of Indyk and Motwani which achieves ρ ≤ 1/c.
Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)930-935
Number of pages6
JournalSIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics
Issue number4
StatePublished - 2007
Externally publishedYes
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
 - Mathematics(all)
 - Locality sensitive hashing
 - Lower bounds
 - Nearest neighbor search
Dive into the research topics of 'Lower bounds on locality sensitive hashing'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
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Kentucky Historical Society
KHS to Host Family History Workshop Sept. 8
FRANKFORT, Ky. (Aug. 23, 2012) – The Kentucky Historical Society (KHS) and Kentucky Genealogical Society (KGS) will host a free family history workshop at 10:30 a.m. Saturday, Sept. 8, at the Thomas D. Clark Center for Kentucky History in downtown Frankfort. Topics include Frankfort Cemetery and how to locate and document burial sites.
The morning session will be a presentation about the historic Frankfort Cemetery by its former superintendent, Jim Richardson. Frankfort Cemetery, incorporated in 1844, is on the National Register of Historic Places and is the final resting place of 17 Kentucky governors and a number of notable military leaders, civic leaders, artists, writers and early pioneers, including Daniel Boone. Participants will receive driving directions and a map of Frankfort Cemetery, and be able to visit the cemetery after the workshop, weather permitting.
In the afternoon, Tina Wingate will talk about her work documenting Frankfort Cemetery. She will also demonstrate strategies for using findagrave.com to locate ancestors' burial sites, post photos and gravestone transcriptions, and document cemeteries.
To make a reservation, contact the KHS Reference Desk at _PHONE_, ext. 4460 or _EMAIL_. The registration deadline for this workshop is noon Friday, Sept. 7.
Presented by KHS and KGS on the second Saturday of each month, each free family history workshop takes place at the Center for Kentucky History. Topics range from how to begin documenting your ancestry to specialized resources for experienced genealogists. If requested at the time of registration, an optional light lunch is available for $6, payable at the door.
-30-An agency of the Kentucky Tourism, Arts and Heritage Cabinet, the Kentucky Historical Society, established in 1836, is committed to helping people understand, cherish and share Kentucky's history. The KHS history campus includes the Thomas D. Clark Center for Kentucky History, the Old State Capitol and the Kentucky Military History Museum at the State Arsenal. For more information about the Kentucky Historical Society and its programs, visit _URL_.


Sep 18, 2013
Occupy the Body
Somatic practitioners are the new revolutionaries
"Occupy the Body: somatic practitioners are the new revolutionaries." Emilie Conrad, the visionary and founder of Continuum Movement, made this statement during her workshop that I attended recently in Los Angeles. As a craniosacral therapist, it resonated deeply with my own beliefs.
Often life's traumatic experiences can get held in the body preventing it from functioning in its full and healthy capacity. The body loses its ability to rebalance and heal itself, getting stuck in unhealthy physical and behavioural patterns as a result.
'Somatic' practitioners (who work with the body) such as craniosacral therapists, continuum movement practitioners and other body workers, help people to rebalance their bodies to become more self-regulating, allowing them to make more appropriate responses to given situations. Put in simple physiology, if the neuro-endocrine-immune system is functioning healthily, then the body can regulate itself so it knows when to rest, play and make love, or when to get ready to run away or fight. When in balance, the body won't fight and argue unnecessarily, or become unnecessarily paralysed when an angry person threatens it.
Healing needs to start at the body's core, working from the inside out, to effect lasting change in individuals, and therefore society. By returning to our body's natural balanced rhythms, through craniosacral therapy and other self-regulating therapeutic approaches, we can find more balance and regulation not only in ourselves, but also in our family, and in our community.
'Somatics' includes many great practices and therapeutic treatments, whose aim is to achieving this body mind regulation. The availability of these treatments is growing but it needs to grow more quickly to make a difference to society. I passionately agree with Emilie that the way to help shift unhealthy patterns in society is through healing the deep wounds in the body. If we can achieve this, a more harmonious and balanced society will ensue.
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text:
When you are teaching procedures, most educators prefer for the first couple of attempts to be simulations, and not on actual patients. But if you're going to be teaching wilderness procedures, there are other factors in question. Do you use your standard, computerized, high fidelity simulation mannequin in the hospital and play "wilderness" sounds in the background? Or do you try to truck that heavy and expensive equipment out into the woods?
Neither of those options is ideal. Thankfully, a group at the University of Michigan has come up with another option that involves a tradeoff in fidelity of the mannequin but incorporates fidelity of the environment. They took 7 common procedures and made low-cost, low fidelity simulation models that are portable, so you can take them out in the field. The best part about their option is the budget friendly nature of it.
The seven procedures for which they made models were: cricothyrotomy, needle decompression with tube thoracostomy, lateral canthotomy, epistaxis control, pelvic binder, sucking chest wound management, and femur fracture. For the scenario, they use an actual person moulaged as the patient, then ask what procedure needed to be performed. Procedures were then performed on the models. They made sure and used supplies that could be obtained easily at stores nearby, rather than having to call Laerdal® for replacement equipment. Because their designs are so ingenious, I'm going to go ahead and list the supplies used so it's easier to emulate their models. I find it easier to use the ideas of people smarter than me than it is to come up with my own ideas. That being said, here are their models:
- Cricothyrotomy: The actor had a history of facial trauma and makeup with blood in the oropharynx, was unable to speak, and had stridor. The model is nebulizer tubing (the part that is ribbed) that has a small hole already created but covered with athletic tape to mimic the cricothyroid membrane. Ketchup packets are then used on both sides to mimic vasculature, gauze as subcutaneous tisssue, and foam tape for skin.
- Needle Decompression/Thoracostomy: The actor had a history of a fall with shortness of breath and right sided rib pain. Tracheal deviation and lack of breath sounds (hard to mimic) were given verbally. The model is an empty box with an inflated balloon inside. They used a wooden tangerine box, but a cardboard box would work fine. Pork ribs were placed over the balloon, and these were covered with thickened Jell-O for subcutaneous fat. Foam tape was used as skin.
- Lateral Canthotomy: The actor was an elderly man who fell on his face while trail running. He has decreased vision and ecchymosis around his eye. He is on anticoagulants. On prompting, he has decreased vision, afferent pupillary defect, periorbital edema, and proptosis. The model is a ping pong ball on a base (they used a paper plate). The eyelids and skin were foam tape, and the crural ligament is athletic tape folded up to a 5mm width. The foam tape is stretched before attaching to athletic tape to allow it to come open when the crural ligament is cut.
- Pelvic Binder: This and the sucking chest wound used the same actor. He had fallen from a tree and had chest and pelvis pain. He had diminished lower extremity pulses and was implied to have an unstable pelvis. The model was to use fabric wrapped around the pelvis and tightened with a stick used as a windlass. They specifically mention shirts or cravats for fabric, but I wouldn't actually know where to obtain a cravat.
- Sucking Chest Wound: The wound was created with makeup. They would dress it with whatever occlusive dressing they could mock-up, be it tape and gauze, a defibrillator pad, or an actual commercial device made for such purposes.
- Femur Traction: The actor had fallen from a horse, and had right femur pain. The right leg is mocked up to be shorter than the left. They were to then apply a traction splint with 3 anchors, and if they didn't have supplies, a telescoping ski rod, webbing, and a mug were used.
- Epistaxis: The actor had experienced facial trauma and had a bloody nose. The model was a potato with a hole drilled through it. A 60cc syringe filled with red fluid was placed at one end, pushing this "blood" through the hole. They then packed it with whatever they had available. If they lacked supplies, a tampon sprayed with oxymetazoline was provided.
As you can see, these are easily reproducible, and you can even use the same supplies for multiple uses with only minimal changes (replace what is damaged). Only changes I would make are to put tape on the balloon you're using to recreate tension pneumo, as this allows a steady rush of air without a sudden "pop" that isn't as true to life. Honestly, I've never heard someone pop like a balloon when I put a needle in them, and I don't know what I would do in a situation that they did. Also, make sure and take care going into bear country with a package or two of raw pork ribs.
Also, they used these stations in a MedWAR type race where they broke their students into groups and made them perform the tasks correctly, and also with the correct tools. This adds a bit of fun to the experience, as they have to combine orienteering, medicine, and physical activity into one event. It also adds a component of competition. The only hard part is getting enough proctors/moderators to man each station, as well as making sure students don't actually get lost. On a final note, they did use testing and surveys before and after the scenarios to determine if students felt more comfortable with the procedures, and also if they had gained knowledge about the procedures. They found improvement in all, but statistically significant improvement in some. Small sample size certainly applies here. Still, it's a great paper that gives easy instructions towards making an educational and enjoyable wilderness rotation for students.
How To Teach Emergency Procedural Skills in an Outdoor Environment Using Low-Fidelity Simulation


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NASA's operation IceBridge monitors ice shelf Getz, which assesses the implications of climate change on Earth.
This is a picture of ice shelf Getz, located in the Western part of Antarctica. Observation of the glacier are carried out as part of operation IceBridge, NASA has held for eight years. As the researchers say, ghetts is one of those glaciers, experiencing the greatest impact of climate change, leading to melting of the glacier.
The photo was taken November 5, 2016 aboard a NASA research aircraft. The image shows the ice in the process of separating from the main part of the glacier that is due to it melting.


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the alternative fix
» Student Viewing Guide:
True and False Questions
Answer the following true and false questions as you view the documentary. Please correct any false statement.
1. Beth Israel Medical Center has accepted acupuncture, but not other forms of alternative medicine.
2. Most hospitals continue to avoid alternative medicine.
3. Senator Tom Harkin was influenced to support alternative medicine because of a friend's success with an alternative treatment.
4. Senator Harkin asked Congress to have NIH study alternative medicines.
5. Most politicians and scientists seem to agree on the efficacy of alternative medicines.
6. Dr. David Eisenberg commissioned a survey to see how many people use alternative medicines.
7. It has been reported that one in three Americans use alternative medicines.
8. Dr. Andrew Weil believes that alternative medicines make people feel more in control of their treatments.
9. The purpose of deep tissue massage is to help people lose weight.
10. Some people are attracted to alternative medicine because they believe traditional doctors can be too impersonal.
11. Some scientists believe that in funding alternative treatments, Congress advocates unproven therapies.
12. In 1998, Senator Harkin was able to get a full alternative medicine research center funded.
13. The University of Maryland has reported that acupuncture relieves pain from most illnesses.
14. A study has shown that St. John's Wort is not an effective treatment for severe depression.
15. The use of St. John's Wort can interfere with the effectiveness of other drugs.
16. In 1994, Congress rejected the creation of the Dietary Supplemental Health and Education Act (DSHEA).
17. According to Senator Orrin Hatch, over 100,000,000 Americans take dietary supplements.
18. Dr. Robert Park believes that drug companies profited from DSHEA.
19. Senator Hatch has received substantial campaign contributions from the supplement industry.
20. Dr. Nicholas Gonzalez treats people who believe traditional medicine will not help them.
21. Homeopathy is most concerned with healthful eating.
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Monday, December 5, 2016
"Why are the Crabs Dirty?"
Please consider making a gift today to support our tanks, and our decorator crabs from the Salish Sea. Donate HERE!
"Why are the crabs dirty?" I heard behind me in the Marine Exhibit one day. Thrown off by the visitor's question, I turned around and my eyes focused on the crab they were pointing to in the wall tank. It all made sense when I saw the graceful decorator crab scuttling along among the abalone, away from the sides of the tank, almost as if it knew it had been found. I jumped into educator mode right away, and answered, "That's a great question."
Graceful Decorator Crab (wall tank).jpg
A (dirty?) graceful decorator crab (Oregonia Gracilis) hanging out
on the inflow of the small wall tank. Photo by Juhi LaFuente
The most wonderful aspect our Marine Exhibit is the chance to gain new knowledge about Salish Sea fish and invertebrates. When I first started at the Port Townsend Marine Science Center, I knew very little about specific species of crabs. Aside from what I had learned in my college invertebrate zoology class, I hadn't thought about them much. However, once I started feeding individual crabs, and interacting with them in tanks every day, they became one of my favorite animals in our Marine Exhibit. As a person who is recovering from a phobia of spiders and spider-adjacent creatures, it means a lot when I say that I think the way these arthropods walk around the tanks and move their little maxillipeds (mouth parts) is quite cute. I love inspiring others to see them the way I do now. So, when I explain how decorator crabs got their name, and see others' eyes light up with fascination, it is a truly fulfilling experience. I hope I can light your eyes up, too.
Decorator crabs consist of many different species, all belonging to part of the superfamily Majoidea, known as spider crabs. We have many spider crabs in our exhibit, but not all are decorators. The decorator crab in question was the graceful decorator, Oregonia gracilis, a naturally abundant Puget Sound species. If you can spot them, graceful decorator crabs can be found in the small wall tank, against the back wall of the Marine Exhibit. In our huge piling tank, we have another type of decorator crab, called the longhorn, Chorilia longipes, which is usually hanging out against the tank walls, looking at the passers-by. These crabs' natural ecosystem includes kelp forests and the intertidal zone, ranging from Alaska all the way down to Mexico, but they're particularly abundant in the Pacific Northwest. In nature and in our tanks, the decorators are covered in foreign material (hence their dirty appearance) and found behind rocks and kelp, hiding from predators like fish, sea otters, and octopus.
Longhorn Decorator Crab by Wendy F.JPG
Longhorn decorator crab (Chorilia longipes) hanging on the pilings. Photo by Wendy Feltham (Checkout our Instagram to see a video of this crab with a filter-feeding hitchhiker on its arm!)
The decorator crab namesake refers to the way they adorn their bodies with all kinds of ornaments. The decorations include almost any materials found in their environment. The crab's hard outer shell, or exoskeleton, has tiny hooks all over called hooked setae. Hooked setae act as a sort of Velcro on which the crab can stick materials it picks up from its environment. Their adornments act as a camouflage, but also as a symbiotic, mutually beneficial relationship. The "materials" picked up by the crab can include some bryozoans, hydroids, algae, sponges, and small anemones. Invertebrates gain access to parts of the water column and food they wouldn't usually have access to by hitching a ride on the back of the crab. In turn, the crab gets an easy disguise, and when resources are limited, also an easy source of food. If a crab finds an accessory like chemically-defended plants or stinging anemones, the crab is even less likely to be predated upon. Larger crabs need fewer decorations because they can defend themselves, but they'll often still wind up with some hitchhikers on their backs.
The decorating doesn't really stop after covering the exoskeleton canvas; a crab is always working. Crabs' exoskeletons do not grow with them. As they outgrow their armor, they grow a new shell underneath the old, effectively forcing the old exoskeleton off. After disrobing, the crab will hide until its new exoskeleton hardens, and then the decorating process starts all over again. They often recycle old bits and pieces of material from their discarded shell (a great example of environmental stewardship!). In captivity, decorator crabs have been known to disrobe and grow a new shell when moved to a different tank and new environment, effectively creating a blank slate for its new camouflage masterpiece.
Graceful Decorator by Wendy F.JPG
A graceful decorator crab (Oregonia gracilis) waving at you through the acrylic. This crab is decorated in red algae. Photo by Wendy Feltham
Our decorator crabs at PTMSC interact with guests and staff all the time. In nature, humans and decorator crabs have very little direct interaction, although there are some negative human impacts on their ecosystems. Surface runoff of oil, pesticides, sewage, and other chemicals can contribute to pollution of ocean ecosystems, truly making the crabs' environment "dirty." (Runoff pollution contributes to larger issues like ocean acidification.) As environmental stewards, we can all make eco-friendlier choices to reduce negative impact on the Salish Sea. The crabs might thank you for that.
Next time you visit our Marine Exhibit, I hope you take the time to search the tanks for our decorator crabs. I hope you experience the revelation that the rock you were staring at underneath the kelp, barnacles, and sponges is actually a crab, as it slowly crawls away to munch on some food or find some new artistic materials. I also hope you become so enamored that you sound just as silly as I do when I have one-sided conversations with them through the acrylic. While cleaning or feeding, I compliment them on their attention to detail in design. I like to think they appreciate the compliments on their labor, because much like an environmental steward, a crab's work is never done.
Find out how you can "Go Blue" to protect the crabs and become an environmental steward on our site!
Follow us on other platforms to see more cool crabs! Instagram (@ ptmarinescictr) Facebook (Port Townsend Marine Science Center) Newsletter (Octopress Online)
 1. What a fabulous post, Brooke, really well researched! How cool that they recycle bits of their discarded shells. I think anyone who reads this will want to become personally acquainted with our amazing local decorator crabs.
 1. I sure hope so, Wendy! Thanks so much for your beautiful photos!


Apple finally joined Google and Amazon in the home assistant race, with their latest release, the Apple HomePod. If you're an Apple person, and you swear by all Apple products, then this device is for you!
This Siri speaker is said to offer the best sound quality, when compared to other devices. The HomePod is equipped with spatial awareness, allowing it to tune its seven speakers and automatically adjust to produce the best sound quality. Apple's goal was to eliminate background noise and effects that might be created from the room the HomePod is placed in. What does all this mean? It means that the Apple HomePod will sound richer and fuller than most speakers.
Not only do the speakers deliver superb sound quality, but the microphone is also amazing. The Apple HomePod's microphone can detect the "Hey Siri" command over loud music, from other rooms, through behind closed doors, and even rooms with echoes.
Other Features of Apple HomePod
The Apple HomePod can handle everything from giving you the latest news, traffic, and weather updates to controlling your smart home products. Because the device is heavily integrated with Apple Music, Siri will learn your taste in music, and become your own, personal DJ. You can even ask Siri for more information about any of the songs that are playing on the pod.
Some other features include:
 - Sending and receiving text messages
 - Changing the device's voice. If you don't feel like using Siri, you can choose either a male or female voice that has a British, American, or Australian accent.
 - Using the HomePod as a speakerphone. While you can't make phone calls, you can use the HomePod as a speakerphone. Once the call is in progress, you can transfer it from your phone to your pod.
 - Disabling Siri. While the point of this device is to have Siri readily available, you can tell Siri to stop listening. Once you're ready, you can easily reactivate her.
 - Writing and editing notes. It may not seem like much, but this skill sets the HomePod apart from other devices. If you'd like to write a note, just say Hey Siri, create a note," then dictate whatever you need.
If you'd like to get the most out of your HomePod, it's best to have an Apple Music subscription and your smart home devices integrated with the Apple HomeKit platform.
You can purchase the Apple HomePod at Apple, starting at $349.99
Apple HomePod


Wednesday, February 5, 2014
It's Cold Outside...Let's Keep the Bogey Going
During an oral history interview with 95-year-old Alice Mercer, originally of Bay Roberts, I asked her to share some memories from her school days. She talked about having to go outside in all kinds of weather to use the washroom, and how it was hard work for the teacher to keep the classroom warm.
"We had stoves in all the classrooms. Teachers had a time to try and learn us something and keep the bogey going. One of the boys would come with a handful of splits in the morning and the bucket of coal. Used to buy the coal from the coal shed. He'd light the fire and it was up to the teacher then to keep it going. sometimes the teacher would forget it and it would go out. Then we'd get cold."
Wait, "...keep the bogey going"? What's a bogey? From the context of the conversation I could see that with her use of the word bogey, she was referring to a stove for heating, but since I hadn't heard that word before, I checked the Dictionary of Newfoundland English, just to make sure. It states:
bogie n also bogey, bogy. PARTRIDGE bogy 4 'a stove for heating'; SND ~ 'cooking galley on a fishing boat (1916); DC Nfld (1916-). A small stove used originally on a fishing schooner; applied generally to any small coalor wood-burning stove.
This was the word that Alice and her family would have used for a wood stove when she was a child. But do people still use it? And are there regions of the province that it is more widely known?
(The above photographs of two variations of small stoves, or bogeys, were taken from the Geography Collection - Historical Photographs of Newfoundland and Labrador on MUN's Digital Archives Initiative.)
If you have an experience with this word and its uses, please feel free to drop me a line and let me know.
- Lisa
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Historical data on timing of ringing of nestling birds
The dates at which nestling birds were historically ringed by volunteer ringers yields information about the timing of breeding seasons. The current dataset consists of ringing data of nestling birds over the period _PHONE_. Fieldnames are largely self-explanatory, data follows the EURING 2000+ code. For a detailed explanation and preferred citation, see the link in the field 'Relation', below, or paste the following URL in your browser _URL_ The dataset consisted of 157.978 records at 14-2-2014. More data will be added during 2014 and 2015.Belong to publication:... nioo ....
Date made available17 Feb 2014
Temporal coverage1911 - 1959
Date of data production1911 - 1959
Cite this


Actifed Uses
Actifed is primarily used for the treatment of allergies and symptoms of the common cold. Specifically, the drug can help treat runny nose, nasal congestion, sneezing, itchy or watery eyes, and itching of the nose or throat. There are also some off-label Actifed uses, such as relieving symptoms of a sinus infection and treating fluid build-up in the ear (such as with ear infections).
What Is Actifed Used For?
Actifed® Cold & Allergy (chlorpheniramine maleate and phenylephrine hydrochloride) is an over-the counter medication used to treat allergy and common cold symptoms. Specifically, the drug is approved to treat the following cold symptoms:
 - Runny nose
 - Sneezing
 - Nasal congestion.
Actifed is used to treat the following allergy symptoms:
 - Runny nose
 - Sneezing
 - Itchy, watery eyes
 - Nasal congestion
 - Itching of the nose or throat.
How Does the Medication Work?
Chlorpheniramine belongs to of a class of drugs called antihistamines. Specifically, it is an H1 receptor antagonist. This means that it blocks a specific type of histamine receptor in the body (known as H1 receptors). Because allergic reactions are partly caused by the release of histamine from certain cells in the body, Actifed can help relieve or prevent allergy symptoms.
5 Tips to Keep a Cold at Bay
Actifed Medication Information
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