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The Gemara in Nedarim (50a) lists six sources of wealth from which Rabbi Akiva became exceedingly wealthy, including half of Ben Kalba Savua's money (Kesuvos, 63a). Rashi on Bechoros (58a) maintains that Rabbi Yehoshua ben Karcha was Rabbi Akiva's son (though Rabbeinu Tam and the Ran disagree). The Gemara in Shabbos (152a) relates that Rabbi Yehoshua ben Karcha was walking without shoes (and one can infer from the context that he had no shoes). The Gemara in Shabbos (129a) states that a person should even sell beams from his house to purchase shoes to wear: אמר רב יהודה אמר רב לעולם ימכור אדם קורות ביתו ויקח מנעלים לרגליו. It would seem that Rabbi Yehoshua ben Karcha was quite poor.
If Rabbi Yehoshua ben Karcha was Rabbi Akiva's son, what happened to Rabbi Akiva's wealth?
- Could it be that the Roman authorities confiscated Rabbi Akiva's estate when they executed him (B'rachos, 61b), leaving his son with no wealth?
- The estate of Nakdimon ben Gurion, who was one of the wealthiest men of Jerusalem (Gittin, 56a; Ta'anis 19b), fell to ruin and his daughter became impoverished (Kesuvos, 66b), either because he sometimes gave charity with extravagant flair for his own honor or that his great wealth obligated him to give even more charity than he did (ibid, 67a). Rabbi Akiva's humility and his tremendous efforts for charity seem to discount the possibility that he lost his fortune for any such reason. However:
- There is a concept that a person should not give a massive, unsustainable portion of one's wealth to charity and thereby bankrupt oneself. Did Rabbi Akiva do this? Could the needs of the time have been so imperative that this guideline was suspended?
- Might Rabbi Yehoshua ben Karcha merely have refused to accept any money from Rabbi Akiva?
Sources would be appreciated.
Edit: It's likely that no sources explicitly address this question. Unsourced suggestions are fine as answers, too, but please justify them if possible. For example, if you suggest that R' Akiva's money was confiscated by the Romans, you might support this with a Jewish or historical source that the Romans of that era would sometimes/typically confiscate the estates of people they would execute.


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Fig. 1: Structure of Cloudnet.
Cloudnet provides a number of algorithms for the continuous analysis of cloud properties which were observed by means of remote-sensing. Cloudnet was founded as a research project supported by the European Commission under the Fifth Framework Programme, contributing to the implementation of the Key Action "Global change, climate and biodiversity" within the Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development. Currently, it is supported by the seventh framework program of the European Commission as part of ACTRIS that also incorporates Earlinet.
Goals of Cloudnet are:
- To optimise the use of existing data sets to develop and validate new cloud remote sensing synergy algorithms.
- To continuously evaluate the representation of clouds in climate and weather forecast models.
- To demonstrate the potential of an operational network to improve the representation of clouds in models.
Cloudnet at TROPOS
Since August 2011 the vertical structure of clouds and aerosol layers is continuously recorded above TROPOS. This is achieved by means of permanently running measurements of the remote-sensing instruments of the LACROS instrument suite. To obtain an overview of the collected data sets, techniques are required which allow for a robust quality-assured data analysis. For this purpose, TROPOS became member of Cloudnet in December 2011. The structure of Cloudnet is described in Figure 1. On that page you can find quicklooks of a selection of cloudnet-derived parameters obtained from the measurements perfomed of LACROS.
Within ACTRIS it is planned to combine the techniqes applied in Earlinet and Cloudnet. The goal is to add improved capabilities for the characterization of aerosols into the operiational data analysis scheme of Cloudnet. At TROPOS currently a technique is developed in the framework of HD(CP)² to add an aerosol-type categorization into Cloudnet that is based on measurements of multiwavelength-polarization lidar.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Date of Final Oral Examination (Defense)
Type of Culminating Activity
Master of Science in Civil Engineering
Arvin Farid, Ph.D.
Bhaskar Chittoori, Ph.D.
Jim Browning, Ph.D.
Electromagnetic (EM) waves of various power levels and frequencies can be used to alter the hydraulic conductivity of soil with minimal heat generation. The result can lead to a number of potential applications such as contamination remediation and liquefaction mitigation. In this research, the possibility of radio-frequency (RF) waves' effect on the excess pore-water pressure (EPWP) generation and hydraulic conductivity of coarse-grained soils has been investigated.
Impact tests were performed on glass beads to examine the effect on the generation of EPWP due to RF waves. These tests were performed on a rigid box made of Plexiglas. The impacts were produced by shaking the box with periodic impact, and the generated EPWP was measured using a pore-water pressure (PWP) transducer. A loop antenna was installed inside the specimen to launch RF-waves. The RF-stimulated impact tests were performed at a constant frequency of 498 MHz and input power levels of 10, 25, 40, and 50 Watts. There were no noticeable changes observed in the EPWP generation within the glass-bead sample due to the application of RF waves.
In order to better understand the above-mentioned potential of using RF waves to mitigate liquefaction, a different set of experiments, hydraulic-conductivity measurements, were performed on two types of samples: (i) glass beads and (ii) natural sand. These tests were conducted using a customized, rigid-wall, cylindrical permeameter placed inside a box made of Plexiglas. Constant-head (D2434, ASTM, 2010) tests were performed to measure the hydraulic conductivity of these samples. The soil samples were placed within a cavity made of Plexiglas covered with transparent conductive film (resonant cavity). A chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC)-cased monopole antenna sharing the same electric ground as that of the cavity was placed within the soil sample at its center and used to launch RF waves. Various sets of tests were conducted to evaluate the effect of the power of RF waves on the change in the hydraulic conductivity. For both samples, the tests were conducted at a constant frequency of 726 MHz and input power levels of 10, 25, and 40 Watts. The hydraulic conductivity of both natural sand and glass-bead samples increased with the RF stimulation, and the increase was larger at higher RF power. At the input power of 40 Watts, the hydraulic conductivity of glass-bead sample increased by 8.7% of the unstimulated value, whereas the increase in natural-sand sample was only measured to be 25.4%.
Measurement of the electric-field component of RF waves was performed and plotted to verify the pattern of the electric field to evaluate both the impact and the hydraulic-conductivity tests. The electric field was simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics and validated against the experimentally measured electric field. In the case of the hydraulic-conductivity tests, a finite-difference numerical model was developed in MATLAB interface to analyze the seepage flow. This numerical model was also validated against experimentally measured hydraulic conductivity. This numerical model was then used to find the spatial variation of the hydraulic head within the soil specimen.
Acharya, Rakesh, "Electromagnetically Induced Alteration of Hydraulic Conductivity of Coarse-Grained Soils for Geotechnical Applications" (2016). Boise State University Theses and Dissertations. 1209.


text: What is a Loss? Loss[los]noun1.A Loss is an injury or damage that is covered by an insurance Policy. Losses can be partial, like when wind damages part of a roof, or total, as when an automobile is "totaled" in a collision. Share | Have A Question About This Topic? Name Email Address Question Thank you! Oops! Related Contents Snapshots Your life is marked by images. Prepare for the unexpected, so you can keep those pictures going. Did You Know This Fact About Damaged Property? Damaged property during the claims process shouldn't be thrown away. Long-Term-Care Protection Strategies The chances of needing long-term care, its cost, and strategies for covering that cost.


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Canna lilies are a favorite in our garden. Canna is the only genus in the family of Cannaceae. In August and September, when other flowers have reached their peak, the canna lilies are displaying a magnificent showcase of color and texture in the flower bed. The main reason that we plant canna lilies is because hummingbirds are attracted to them. So, what makes hummingbirds happy makes us happy.
Canna lilies are not true lilies. The name canna originates from the Celtic word for a cane or reek.
Canna lilies are lovely in the garden because of their bold accent. Their tropical appearance makes a spectacular show in any flower garden. They grow three to five feet high. They look beautiful displayed in a large container or urn. The colors of the flowers are usually vibrant shades of red, yellow or orange. The broad, flat, alternative leaves are typically green, purple or variegated. They grow out of the stem in a long, narrow roll and then unfurl.
Although gardeners enjoy these interesting flowers, nature really intended them to attract pollinators, such as bees, hummingbirds and bats, so that they could collect the nectar and pollen. The pollination mechanism is conspicuously specialized. Pollen is shed on the style while still in the bud, and in the early hybrids some is also found on the stigma because of the high position of the anther, which means that they are self-pollinating.
A single flower spike of a canna lily can last several weeks. The
Cannas need moisture to keep blooming. They should be planted in well drained, rich, organic soil. Because of their tropical characteristics, they love the hot, humid weather. Canna lilies prefer full sun, but can survive in partial shade.
Cannas are remarkably disease free. The leaves may become the victim of slugs and snails.
Cannas are winter hardy in zones 7 to 10. Therefore, in our area the rhizomes (roots that shoot) must be lifted and stored indoors for the winter. Cannas grow from a thick, multi eyed, rhizome type of root system. After the first frost, the leaves will turn black. The rhizomes will freeze and rot if left in the ground.
It takes a little extra work to winterize the canna lilies but it is worth the effort. Just after the first killing frost, dig a foot or so away from the stem of the canna so that the rhizome is not damaged. When the soil is loosened around the crown, grab the stem and gently lift the clump out of the ground. Wash the roots off with a spray of water. Cut off the tops of the canna lilies and add them to your compost pile. They grow and spread fairly fast so you will be pleasantly surprised by the surplus production of the rhizomes. The rhizomes can be stored in plastic grocery bags. Store the roots in a spot where the temperature stays between 45 to 60 degrees. An attic, basement, or crawl space is a possibility for storage. If the area is too warm, mold will grow. If the location is too cold, they may freeze.
In early spring after the tulips have bloomed, the canna lilies can be planted outside. Vegetative reproduction can be done at this point by dividing the roots. Make sure that each divided piece has at least one node, where new leaves will grow next year.
They should be planted four to five inches deep and one to four feet apart. Once you get them in the ground, they will bloom in 10-12 weeks. Canna lilies are easy to grow and your surplus of canna lily rhizomes will be an appreciative and thoughtful gift to share with family and friends.
Carolyn Black is a Penn State Master Gardener from Adams County. Penn State Cooperative Extension of Adams County is at 670 Old Harrisburg Road, Suite 204, Gettysburg, call _PHONE_.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Browse Our Book
About The Katas
- How mastering these specific movement sequences known as katas provides a way to deepen one's martial arts practice spiritually
- Explores the psychological and social importance of the katas in martial arts and Japanese society, including their role in seppuku (ritual suicide)
- Includes many examples from the lives of famous masters, from the legendary samurai Miyamoto Musashi to 20th-century poet Yukio Mishima
An essential part of the martial arts of Japan, such as sumo and karate, the katas are specific sequences of movement that originated during Sakoku, Japan's period of closure to the outside world from 1633 until 1853. The dedication-to-perfection philosophy of the katas, ubiquitous in Japanese society, is vital to understanding the spiritual aspects of their martial arts as well as other traditional Japanese arts, such as flower arranging, chadō (tea ceremonies), and kabuki theater.
With examples from the lives of famous masters, from legendary samurai Miyamoto Musashi to 20th-century poet Yukio Mishima, this book explores the psychological and social importance of the katas, including their role in seppuku (ritual suicide), the student-master relationship, and gyo (the point at which the practitioner breaks the mold of the kata and begins to embody it). Looking at their origins in the warrior class and how this pursuit of perfection is ultimately a way to accept the power of death, the author explains how performing the katas transmits ancient knowledge much deeper than just technical movements, providing a way to deepen one's martial arts practice spiritually.
About the Author(s) of The Katas
Praise for The Katas
James A. Cox, The Midwest Book Review, November 2010


Star (Clan)
Map Designation of a Clan Star
A Star is the basic building block of Clan military forces. It consists of five Points working together to provide the most firepower in a unit with the smallest logistical footprint.[1][2] A Star is commanded by a Star Commander.
BattleMech Stars[edit]
This formation consists of five OmniMechs or, in the case of garrison and some second-line units, five standard BattleMechs. At the Star level 'Mechs are organized together based on capabilities; grouping together 'Mechs of wildly varying weights, speeds, and offensive proficiencies is generally seen as an invitation for the enemy to divide them in the field.[3][4] However while Stars are defined by the weight composition of their Points in a way similar to 'Mech ratings - Light, Medium, Heavy and Assault - each type need not contain only 'Mechs of that weight rating. The following table shows shows the various compositions that are typically used. It is unusual for a Star to contain all four 'Mech weight ratings, and so is omitted here.[5]
Star Weight Composition
Light Star Medium Star Heavy Star Assault Star
5 Light 1 Light, 4 Medium 2 Medium, 3 Heavy 1 Medium, 2 Heavy, 2 Assault
4 Light, 1 Medium 5 Medium 1 Medium, 4 Heavy 4 Heavy, 1 Assault
3 Light, 2 Medium 4 Medium, 1 Heavy 5 Heavy 3 Heavy, 2 Assault
2 Light, 2 Medium, 1 Heavy 3 Medium, 2 Heavy 1 Medium, 3 Heavy, 1 Assault 2 Heavy, 3 Assault
AeroSpace Stars[edit]
Clan OmniFighter Stars consist of ten fighters and differ from 'Mech Stars in that mixed designs and weight classes are common. Medium-weight fighters dominate among the Clans' toumans along with lower-end heavyweight designs, although not to the exclusion of other weight types. Clan Naval Stars will contain five or six vessels, either WarShips, JumpShips or DropShips, often with an additional command vessel[3][4]
Armor Stars[edit]
Armor Stars consist of ten vehicles, but due to the Clans' prejudice against conventional armor these formations are commonly found in solahma or, more rarely, garrison units. Light and heavy-weight types are preferred, while medium-weight vehicles are particularly rare.[6][7]
Infantry Stars[edit]
Clan Infantry Stars can consist of either Elementals or conventional infantry. Elemental Stars consist of 25 Elementals and play a far more prominent role in Clan warfare than conventional infantry thanks to their Battle Armor. Conventional infantry Stars consist of 125 soldiers, but are largely solahma or freeborn units and rarely incorporated into the standard Clan order of battle.[6][7]
Mixed Stars[edit]
In general Stars which mix different unit types see their overall combat effectiveness severely weakened. One of the few exceptions to this rule is the strategic command Star, a formation first pioneered by Clan Wolf. It combines four Points of either OmniMechs or Elementals with an AeroSpace Point for reconnaissance and escort duty. The success of this formation has caused other Clans to adopt it, albeit in more limited numbers.[1][2]
 1. 1.0 1.1 Field Manual: Warden Clans, pg. 11-12
 2. 2.0 2.1 Field Manual: Crusader Clans, pg. 9-10
 3. 3.0 3.1 Field Manual: Warden Clans, pg. 10
 4. 4.0 4.1 Field Manual: Crusader Clans, pg. 8
 5. Total Warfare, pg. 265
 6. 6.0 6.1 Field Manual: Warden Clans, pg. 11
 7. 7.0 7.1 Field Manual: Crusader Clans, pg. 9


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NEBOSH Certificate in Fire Safety
Via our Sister Company – JNC Safety Services Ltd we offer the NEBOSH Certificate in Fire Safety.
The certificate is globally recongised and designed for anyone who has fire safety responsibilities in small to medium sized organisations. Upon achievement you will have the knowledge, skills and understanding to help prevent fires from happening, carry out effective fire risk assessments and minimise fire impact.
The NEBOSH Fire Certificate is a Level 6 qualification which is accredited and credit rated by the Scottish Qualification Authority (SQA). Holders of the certificate are able to apply to the International Institue of Risk and Safety Management for Associate Member (AIIRSM).
There are no entry requirements for this qualification. Please note that it is important that delegates studying the certificate have a suitable standard of English language. See link below for further syllabus details:
- Element 1 – Managing fire safety
- Element 2 – Principles of fire and explosion
- Element 3 – Fuel, oxygen and ignition sources and control measures
- Element 4 – Fire protection of buildings
- Element 5 – Safety of people in the event of fire
- Element 6 – Fire safety risk assessment
- Understand the management of health and safety
- Manage fire safety protocols
- Understand the principles of fires and explosions
- Identify the causes and preventions of fires and explosions
- Identify and implement fire prevention and protection in buildings
- Manage the safety of people in the event of a fire
- Conduct/complete a fire safety risk assessment
- Promote a positive fire safety culture
Course Delivery and Duration:
This course is delivered by either classroom based learning or via self led distance learning. Duration of the classroom course is 5 days. For self led distance learning JNC recommends spending between 40 – 60 hours on the course. The assessment for the certificate consists of an open-book examination (OBE) and a practical risk assessment project. Fees below include one sitting of the examination.
Classroom: £850.00 plus VAT per person (fee includes study book and materials, tutor led course away from the workplace, lunch and refreshments, study with fellow professionals, one sitting of examination)
Distance Learning (Self Led): £650.00 plus VAT per person (fee includes study book, access to learning platform for learning materials, one sitting of examination when you are ready, complete the course in your own time)


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HUNDREDS of Victorians are dying or sustaining life-threatening injuries taking part in community sport, particularly cycling, football and motor sports.
A study of major trauma in sport by Monash University found that it increased by about 10 per cent every year in Victoria between 2001 and 2007.
During the six-year period, 218 people died while participating in sport - including on-road cycling - and 1019 sustained major trauma that did not kill them.
The highest rate of deaths and trauma occurred in motor sports, which included off-road motorbiking and quad biking. This was followed by horse riding, power boating, water skiing and cycling, both on and off the road.
The study examined injuries in people over the age of 14, and major trauma was defined as an injury resulting in death, multiple severe injuries, urgent life-saving surgery or an intensive-care stay of 24 hours requiring mechanical ventilation.
While the researchers took into account participation numbers in the sports each year, they could not account for changing frequency, so that if people were riding their bicycles more often it might have influenced the results.
The study found injuries were increasing in football, with the most common injuries being abdominal such as ruptured kidneys or spleens, which require urgent surgery. This accounted for 49 per cent of major trauma in footballers, compared with head injuries, which made up 25 per cent of the trauma, and spinal injuries, 19 per cent.
Dr Nadine Andrew, the lead author of the study published in the journal Injury this week, said she had no reason to believe these trends had changed much since 2007, with the exception of football, given that the drought had made grounds harder during the study period.
''With harder grounds, people can run faster and probably hit the ground harder, so the change in weather conditions may have changed things in recent years,'' she said.
Dr Andrew said she hoped the study would encourage more research into the causes of some of these deaths and injuries so preventive measures could be assessed.
''You can certainly look at changing rules in sports or making protective equipment mandatory, but you do have to back that up with surveillance to see whether those interventions make a difference,'' she said, adding that she did want to discourage participation in sports. ''I don't want this to be a barrier, because there are many benefits that come from engaging in sport and physical activity.''


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Blanching is a cooking method in which food is cooked for a short time in boiling water, then immediately cooled in an ice water bath. This technique works particularly well with green vegetables, like asparagus, because it helps preserve the flavor, crisp texture, and bright green color. Blanching can be used as the primary cooking technique, or as a method of cooking the vegetable slightly before other methods such as sauteing or stir-frying. Here are the instructions you need to blanch your asparagus.
1Pick your asparagus. Stalks should be straight and firm to the touch.
- Asparagus should be a vivid green free from brown mottling. The tips should be tightly closed.
- Choose stalks of uniform thickness for more control and consistency in the cooking process.
2Bring a large pot of water to a boil. Add a tablespoon of salt and return the pot to a boil.
- Adding salt to boiling water not only adds some seasoning to the water, but it also increases the boiling point of the water. This in turn assists in cooking your food more efficiently.
3Prepare your ice bath. Fill 2/3 of a large bowl with cold water. Add in 6-10 ice cubes and allow the bath to sit.
- Sometimes called "shocking the asparagus," this ice bath stops the asparagus from cooking and should take as long as the cooking process.
4Cook the asparagus. Carefully drop the asparagus into the boiling water and cook it until the spears turn bright green. This usually takes between 2-4 minutes, depending on the size (or diameter) of the stalks.
- Start counting the blanching time as soon as the water returns to a boil after adding in the asparagus.
- For small stalks, cook for 2 minutes; medium stalks should cook for 3 minutes. Most large stalks will be done cooking at 4 minutes. All times are approximate.
5Stop the cooking. When your asparagus is bright green and crisp-tender, remove it from the boiling water using a slotted spoon or small mesh sieve. Place immediately into the ice water bath.
6Drain your veggies. Place your vegetables on a paper towel-lined baking sheet to remove all excess water.
- If you are cooking these vegetables in advance, or plan on transporting them (picnic, potluck), refrigerate them in a paper towel-lined plastic bag.
7Serve. Blanching can be the primary cooking method or, alternatively, it can be used as the first step before adding the vegetables to a flavor-packed stir-fry or saute.
- Blanching is an important step in preparing vegetables for freezing. Scalding the vegetables stops enzymes actions that break the vegetable down contributing to a loss of flavor, crispness, and color.
- Blanching before freezing also cleanses the surface of the vegetable from dirt and other foreign particles, slows the loss of vitamins, and makes the veggies softer and easier to pack.
We could really use your help!
cell phone reception?
- For a simple and tasty dish, add a bit of coarse salt and a drizzle of olive oil to your asparagus before serving it.
- When buying fresh asparagus, be aware that it doesn't stay fresh for more than 2 to 3 days, so it's best to prepare it soon after you purchase it.
Things You'll Need
- Slotted spoon
Categories: Blanching Food
Recent edits by: Jeff, Bohemianflame, Ciccio Veronese
In other languages:
Deutsch: Wie man Spargel blanchiert, Español: Cómo blanquear espárragos, Italiano: Come Sbollentare gli Asparagi, Português: Como Escaldar Aspargos, Русский: бланшировать спаржу, Français: Comment blanchir des asperges, Nederlands: Groene asperges blancheren, Bahasa Indonesia: Memblansing Asparagus
Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 190,687 times.


Locations
A location is the relation between a soil profile and an Ident of the pipeline project. Once a soil profile gets assigned to a place on the pipeline, all necessary information should be available for calculation of the soil mechanical values at that point.
One can assign a soil profile as continuous to a specific Ident or discontinuous. For a discontinuous assignment one can assign a soil profile up to the Ident and one just after the Ident.
Last changed: 9/14/2016


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St. Catherine University partners with University of Minnesota to launch high-altitude weather balloon
During Minnesota Aerospace and Aviation Week, students and faculty from St. Catherine University teamed up with students and faculty from the University of Minnesota to launch a high-altitude weather balloon on Flight Day.
The goal of the flight was to use a helium-filled latex weather balloon to lift scientific payloads into "near space." Students and faculty would then recover the units, retrieving data that would later be used for scientific research.
Though the weather balloon did not reach its anticipated height on this particular day, the students conducted a successful launch.
For more information about liberal arts at St. Catherine University, visit the School of Humanities, Arts and Sciences website.


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New tool developed to trace brown fat, fight obesity
London, July 19 (IANS) Scientists have enlisted a pioneering new tool which uses thermal imaging to spot brown fat - the body's good fat - to fight obesity.
Brown fat plays a vital role in quickly burning away the calories and produces 300 times more heat than any other tissue in the body.
It means that the more of it we have, the less likely we are to store excess energy or food as harmful fat.
Michael Symonds, professor of developmental physiology at the University of Nottingham, who led the study, said: "This completely non-invasive technique could play a crucial role in our fight against obesity," the Journal of Paediatrics reports.
"Potentially, we could add a thermogenic index to food labels to show whether that product would increase or decrease heat production within brown fat. In other words, whether it would speed up or slow down the amount of calories we burn," added Symonds, according to a Nottingham statement.
Helen Budge, clinical associate professor in neonatology at Nottingham, who worked with Symonds, said: "Babies have a larger amount of brown fat which they use up to keep warm soon after birth making our study's finding that this healthy fat can also generate heat in childhood and adolescence very exciting."
Read More: University Grants Commission (UGC) | Guru Nanak Dev University | Kumaon University Nainital | Gorakhpur University | Agra University | Ayurvedic University | Bundelkhand University So | Mds University Ajmer Dtso | Madras University Po | World University Centre | Pondicherry University | Annamalai University | Kannur University Campus | Calicut University | Kochi University | Jadavpur University | Kolkata University | Budge Budge Natun Bazar S.o. | Budge Budge S.o. (hsg-ii) | Vidyasagar University So
4TH C V RAMAN INT'L FELLOWSHIP LAUNCHED FOR RESEARCH
May 21, 2013 at 10:07 PM
WE WILL BRING A NEW LAW TO REGULATE FIXING : JITENDRA SINGH
May 21, 2013 at 10:00 PM
COURT ALLOWS FIVE DAY POLICE CUSTODY FOR THE IPL FIXERS
May 21, 2013 at 9:58 PM


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I now have a definition for natural and ethical food, and am going to check out various foods to see if we should be eating them. By we, I mean, we wild human primates who are living in nature with no man-made tools or weapons. Read my earlier posts to see how and why I started this.
Natural and ethical food investigation
We will do this in two sections:
- Food sourced from animals
- Food sourced from plants
And, with each food, I will ask two questions:
1. Is it natural? This means:
which foods can we (human primates, equipped only with our bodies and natural articles such as rocks, sticks, soil, fire, etc) gather, catch or find, prepare and eat?
2. Is it ethical? This means:
a) in the above process, has the source of food suffered the least harm possible?
b) has it had the best life possible?
c) is this food good for us?
The real cost of food
This will be an interesting exercise, and should make us a lot more aware of the real cost of food, as well as how important it is to choose food as close to nature as possible.
The Earth is in terrible trouble as we rape her to provide profit for people we don't even know.
And we, as humans, are in trouble as we sicken and live in illness, dying of premature disease. Apparently one in four Americans die of cancer. This is not natural.
And animals, birds, fish, insects and plants are in trouble as they are either exterminated in favour of our foods of choice, or the foods we choose to raise, suffer and die without even a blessing.
Have you ever wondered how many animals are killed so that humans can satisfy their desire for meat? The figure runs at over 52 billion animals.(2003 figures) This does not include the billions of marine animals, nor animals that are hunted for sport, or tortured in laboratories or who suffer in fur farms, marine parks, zoos or circuses. Nor does this include the number of animals that die horribly from neglect or abuse.
Have a look at this animal death counter to see how many animals are killed from the time you click on the page. It's alarming.
You can see in this video how the food most of us eat is processed:
Nature is not trying to kill us
We are doing this to ourselves. And it's time to get back to the garden.


10 Mystery Fiction Prompts
Mystery fiction prompts can help you with ideas when you're stumped. All it takes is one spark to ignite the flame of a story. Whether it's mystery short story prompts or mystery novel prompts, we hope these 10 mystery writing prompts can help when you're stuck or if you want to challenge yourself to write from a simple prompt.
1. The young man learns that his favorite teacher from high school was murdered. At the funeral, he overhears a suspicious conversation.
** What does he overhear? Can he turn to the police for help? **
2. After buying a new home, the couple talks about building a pool in the backyard. As they are gazing out the kitchen window into the yard, they see the family dog digging frantically. They rush outside as he discovers what looks like an arm bone.
** Was there a skeleton found in the yard? What happens next? **
3. A man and a woman meet, have a whirlwind affair, and get married 6 weeks later. The woman disappears mysteriously and the husband is the prime suspect. He starts his own investigation into her disappearance.
** What does the husband learn about his new wife? What kind of secrets does she have? **
4. A young woman finds a roommate online. The roommate moves in over the weekend and by Monday, the young woman finds suspicious things going on in the apartment.
** What does the young woman figure out about the new roommate? Does she go to the police? **
5. A notoriously nosy old guy in the neighborhood reports digging in the middle of the night. The police don't believe him, but another neighbor hears scraping, too.
** What happens when the neighbors compare notes? Who is digging and why? **
6. Working late one night, the older woman hears a strange noise in the back office. Everyone has left for the night.
** Who is in the back office, and what does the woman do that gets her into trouble? **
7. On the other end of the phone line, there is a small voice that whispers about a dangerous situation the young woman is about to find. The voice repeats things it couldn't possibly know.
** What does the young woman do after receiving the phone call? Who was on the other end of the line? **
8. An older couple disappears without a trace. They were scheduled to meet with a detective, but wouldn't tell him why. The couple's children hire the detective to learn what happened, and why the couple wanted to meet with him.
** The couple ends up being important to him personally. What does the detective learn that actually impacts his life? **
9. The fire alarm goes off in a department store. All the customers and employees end up in the parking lot except one employee who is found dead in the back room. There's nothing on camera, but one young man is accused of the crime.
** How did the employee die? Was the accused individual responsible for the employee's death? **
10. A retired professor receives a cryptic letter from a former student. The letter hints at a future crime that the student will commit. The police are not very helpful, so the professor investigates the letter himself.
** How does the professor stop the crime from happening? **
Mystery fiction prompts like these will give you a starting point for your own story. You can use them for short stories, flash fiction, or full-length novels. They can start the ball rolling for a larger story, or flash fiction to practice your craft.
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Conversations to Have with an Adult: Puberty, Emotions and more!
Mental Health
 _TAG_#Stress-Management#Self-Management#Relationship-Management#Advocacy#Mental Illness#Communication#STDs
This video emphasizes the importance of young people having adults in their lives who can help them work through the challenges of growing up. It offers suggestions on how to have a conversation with an adult, such as figuring out what you want to say before you talk to an adult by writing it down or mentally preparing, making a list of people in your life that make you feel safe and listen to you, and being open and honest, even if it's a little awkward. The video also clarifies that you can have different adults you talk to, since people have various insights to share. Classroom favorite.


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What Is Colour Gamut?
A colour gamut is a subset of colours, such as those in a specific colour space.
The range of colours printers, cameras, scanners, monitors etc. can reproduce varies, so a colour gamut is used to make these differences clear and it also shows what colours these devices have in common.
sRGB, Adobe RGB and NTSC all have their own colour gamut which is often shown on what's called an xy chromaticity diagram. This diagram was established by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) and the colours of the visible range are represented using numerical figures and graphed as color coordinates.
In the diagram here, the large shape surrounded by a dotted line represents the range of colours visible to the human eye. The color gamut defined by each standard (sRGB, Adobe sRGB and NTSC) are shown as triangles on the diagram. These triangles show the peak RGB coordinates connected by straight lines.
The larger the area of the triangle, the more colours can be displayed. For LCD monitors, this means that one which is compatible with a colour gamut that has a larger triangle will be able to produce a wider range of colours on screen.
The colour gamut of an LCD monitor's hardware can be indicated using similar triangles. An LCD monitor can't reproduce colours outside its color gamut.
Calibration And Colour Gamut
To make full use of an LCD monitor with a wide colour gamut and to display colors as the user intended it's important to maintain a colour calibration system. For more tips on colour calibration, take a look at EIZO ColorZone's technique section.
for more information.


Abundance Mentality And You: Discovering True Confidence
A lot of what we do in life comes from being afraid. Believe it or not, this is true. And more often than not, it's a decision which harms us. We choose to stay in a job we don't like, or to maintain relationships we don't want, or to keep doing the same things, day in, day out, for the rest of our lives, even though they are slowly killing us inside.
Abundance Mentality And You: Discovering True Confidence. Source: ShutterStock
Abundance Mentality And You: Discovering True Confidence. Source: ShutterStock
And what is it we're so scared of that it keeps us going back to things we hate, to things that hurt us? Quite simply, we are scared that there won't be anything better.
This is called a scarcity mindset, and it is ingrained in us from an early age. Many of us are taught to hold onto things, even things we don't want, just because they are rare or scarce. The idea is that something scarce will always have value and that because it is scarce, it is better to have it and not need it than need it and not have it.
There are many examples of how we are taught this mentality. "Finish your meal, there are starving children in the world," can teach us to think of food as something scarce. "If you don't make up with Joan, you will regret it forever," teaches us that friendships are scarce and worth every sacrifice.
Little by little we are fed the message that all the things we value are rare. So we naturally hold onto what we've got. It doesn't matter that we aren't hungry any more, or that Joan is a terrible friend. What matters to us is that we believe we cannot do better.
In this sense, holding onto scarcity mentality is dangerous. It forms part of a vicious cycle with self-esteem, where low self-esteem causes scarcity mentality, but scarcity mentality also teaches us to think less of ourselves.
We must break this cycle if we want to do better in life and truly achieve our goals, reach for what we deserve. But scarcity mentality is a clingy demon, as we can't disprove its lies without fighting it, and we have a hard time fighting it until a lie is disproved
So what can we do about this? Just stop caring? Flippant though it may sound, this is actually the key. You don't want to stop caring entirely, of course, but you need to master something which is called outcome independence.
Outcome independence is exactly what it says on the tin: it is when you change your focus from the outcome to the process, making the outcome less important to you. Of course, there will always be times when an outcome affects you. It is normal to be affected when an investment fails, for example.
What I mean by outcome independence is not the physical reality, but the mindset. When we believe that losing something or someone is the worst thing that could happen, we take no actions to protect ourselves mentally or emotionally.
Instead, we just try and stop ourselves from losing them. We will jump through a million hoops to maintain things we don't even want, all because we think there is nothing better out there.
Outcome independence is when you say "Actually, if Joan stops being my friend, I don't lose anything. I can do everything I do with her on my own, or with someone else. And there are people out there who will be better friends to me than she was."
Outcome independence is telling yourself how you can cope without the things you consider scarce. By thinking about life without your job, partner, friends, hobbies, etc., you allow yourself to objectively assess whether you are sticking with them because they're the best for you… or out of fear.
Once this hurdle has been overcome, abundance mentality is the inevitable result. When your investment fails, you may feel hurt. But when you know that there are many more opportunities to invest out there, and you have prepared yourself financially and mentally for a few failures, it is easier to rebound and invest again.
Source: Positive Psychology Coaching
Published by Silvia Emma
, helps boost confidence, impact, communication and presentation skills and image to create positive change in your business and life.


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A Repertory Grid Study Investigating Factors Associated With Treating People Diagnosed With Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD): the Construct of Illness and the Therapeutic Relationship
Dunne, Emma Catherine
People diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) have been subjected to stigma and told that their difficulties are untreatable. Although recovery is now understood to be possible for this client group, much controversy exists around whether BPD is, in fact, an illness. The implications of this belief have not yet been explored from the perspective of the client. Furthermore, little research has attempted to deconstruct what constitutes the therapeutic alliance for people diagnosed with BPD and their clinicians from a Personal Construct Psychology (PCP) perspective. The present research study therefore aimed to explore what impacts on the recovery of people diagnosed with BPD. This included investigating the impact of the construct of illness and the therapeutic relationship. The research employed a correlational and non-randomised design, using a cross-sectional approach. The Repertory Grid technique was used among a sample of 20 clients diagnosed with BPD and their clinicians. Relevant questionnaires were also administered to ascertain BPD symptomatology and the perceived quality of the therapeutic relationship. Among findings, a statistically significant correlation is presented for the association between a poor therapeutic relationship and increased BPD symptoms. Evidence (in the form of a borderline significant correlation) is also revealed to suggest that clients diagnosed with BPD construe fewer benefits from psychological therapy when they consider the well – ill construct to be more important (i.e. superordinate). The results provide new information with regard to the treatment of people diagnosed with BPD.


skrima or Kali is Filipino martial art that emphasizes in using swords and sticks, it was used in films such as' Equilibrium, training centers and schools that teach Eskrima are mostly found around Metro Manila.
Tertiary education and ESL
Many foreigners such as Europeans, Chinese, Americans and Koreans choose to study and finish university in the Philippines because compared to other countries, Universities here are inexpensive and offer the same system the Americans apply (however most schools follow K-10, international schools follow K-12 standards), major schools such as University of the Philippines[66], De La Salle University[67], Ateneo University[68], Far Eastern University[69] and Adamson University[70] are just some of the major universities with many provincial branches in the country.
The country is also a hub for people seeking to learn English mostly Chinese and Koreans, there are many English learning centers around the country predominantly around Metro Manila, Bacolod, Cebu, Baguio and Taguig City, as well as all significant financial, commercial and provincial capitals. It is one of the largest hubs in learning ESL in Asia. Other international schools in the Philippines are also found and usually operated by British and other European diplomats, Japanese, Korean, Chinese and American immigrants and diplomats.
Baguio mountains
 - Aerial Sports - An annual Hot Air Balloon festival is held in Clark, Angeles in Pampanga, other than Hot Air balloons on display, people gather in this event to do sky diving, many activities are also held other than sky diving and hot air balloons. The Festival is held between January and February.
 - Basketball is the most popular sport in the Philippines, don't miss the PBA [71] and UAAP [72] basketball tournaments.
 - Bentosa and Hilot are Filipino alternative ways of healing, Bentosa is a method where a cup cover a tea light candle then it flames out and it drains out all the pain on the certain part of the body, Hilot is just the Filipino way of massaging.
 - Board Sailing - Waves and winds work together making the country a haven for board sailors. Boracay, Subic Bay and Anilao in Batangas are the main destinations.
 - Caving - The Archipelago has some unique cave systems. Sagada is one popular destination for caving.
 - Dive - Blue, tranquil waters and abundant reefs make for good diving. Compared to neighboring countries, diving in the country is cheaper.
 - Festivals - Each municipality, town, city and province has their own festival, either religious or in honor of the city or a historical reason. See also: Festivals in the Philippines
 for more information.
 - Golf - Almost every province has a golf course, it is a popular sport among the elite, rich and famous.
 - Medical Tourism - The Philippines supplies the world with many medical professionals with large numbers leaving the country every year for a better future abroad. This is indicative of the quality of medical education and medical tourism is on the rise too. Most come from America and Europe as compared to their home countries, healthcare here is much cheaper; as much as 80% less than the average price abroad. Most of the hospitals suggested for medical tourism are in Metro Manila. Alternative medicine is also popular with spas, faith healing and other fringe therapies widespread throughout the archipelago.
 - National Parks - National parks number around 60-70, they include mountains and coral reefs.
 - Mountain Biking - The archipelago has dozens of mountains and is ideal for mountain bikers. Bikes are the best mode of transportation in getting around remote areas. Some options include Baguio, Davao, Iloilo, Banaue, Mount Apo and Guimaras.
 - Rock Climbing - Apo Island, Atimonan, El Nido, Puting Bato, Wawa Gorge have the best sites in the archipelago for rock climbing.
 - Spas are popular, with many options, Spas are found near beaches, financial capitals etc.
 - Trekking - Mountain ranges and peaks offer cool weather for trekking and it might give you a sight of the beautiful exotic flora and fauna of the country. Mt. Kanlaon and Mount Pulag are good trekking spots.
 - Visita Iglesia - Visita Iglesia (Visita is Spanish for Visit, Iglesia is Spanish for Church; Visit Churches) is the practice done by mostly Filipino Roman Catholics to Churches, holy sites, shrines, basilicas etc. If you are religious try this, if you love art and architecture; churches are the best way to define what Filipino architecture.
 - Whitewater Rafting - One of the best, if not the best, whitewater rafting experience can be had in Cagayan de Oro City, a city in the northern part of Mindanao. Also, Davao is emerging as the Whitewater rafting capital in Mindanao, if not in the Philippines.
Under Philippine law, any foreigner working must have an Alien Employment Permit issued by the Department of Labor. The paperwork is in general handled by the prospective employer and the employee picks up the relevant visa at a Philippine Embassy or Consulate. Working without a permit is not allowed and does not give you any labor protections. Furthermore, visas are checked upon departing the Philippines. Those who have overstayed without permission are subject to fines and, in certain cases, even jail.
It is possible for foreigners to earn casual money while staying in the Philippines, especially in Manila and other bigger cities in provinces. These may include temporary teaching in schools, colleges and other institutions; and working in bars and clubs. Temporary work may also be available as an "extra" on the set of a film or television series. Fluency in English is very important in jobs while knowledge of Filipino or Tagalog is considerably low. Recently as of late 2010, the Philippines has overtaken India in the call center industry, and many international companies hire English fluent workers.
Most establishments pay monthly but informal jobs pay out variably either cash on hand or weekly.
Exchange Rates for the Philippine Peso
As at June 2012:
 - U.S. Dollar $1 - ₱41
 - Euro €1 - ₱54
 - Pound Sterling £1 - ₱67
 - Saudi Rial SR1 - ₱11
 - Japanese Yen ¥1 - ₱0.53
 - Australian Dollar $1 - ₱40.05
 - South African Rand R1 - ₱5.06
 - Hong Kong Dollar $1 - ₱5.48
 - Singapore Dollar $1 - ₱34
The Philippine Peso(₱)(PHP) is the official currency and in almost all cases the only currency recognised for normal transactions. The only other currency that would be recognised in rare cases would be the US Dollar. As of May 2011, one U.S. dollar trades at around ₱43.
Peso bills come in denominations of 20, 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1000. One peso is equivalent to 100 centavos and coins come in 5, 10 and 25 centavo variants in addition to the 1, 5 and 10 peso coins. There are 2 versions of each bill with the newer version in circulation since December 2010 (albeit it is still rare to have them). The newer notes have similar colours to their old counterparts, have the same people at the front (Except for the 500-peso note which also features former President Aquino) but rather than historical sites at the back, these newer notes feature Filipino natural wonders and species unique to the country. The older notes will remain legal tender until 2013.
Money changers are not so common in the Philippines outside the some heavily touristed areas. A rule of thumb: the more currency you wish to exchange, the more favourable the rates can be. Banks on the other hand are widely available to exchange currency but usually impose a minimum amount (usually around USD100.00) and have limited hours of operation, usually from 9 AM to 3 PM on weekdays. The notable exceptions are Bank of the Philippine Islands[73] (BPI) and Banco De Oro[74] (BDO) which have longer hours of operation. Don't exchange money in stalls along the streets as some of them might be exchanging your money for counterfeit money, contact Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas[75] (Central Bank of the Philippines) if you suspect the money you've been given to be counterfeit. Money changers do exist at department stores, supermarkets and hotels but needless to say the rates are highly unfavourable to the customers and some will only exchange into PHP.
Be aware that no person is allowed to enter or leave the Philippines carrying more than PHP10,000 of coins and banknotes without prior authorisation by Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas. Those who have not gained prior authorisation will have to declare the excess money at the customs desk. However bringing-in any amount in foreign currency is legal but anything in excess of USD10,000 (or its equivalent) must be declared.
ATMs and credit cards
Visitors can also use the 6,000 ATMs nationwide to withdraw funds or ask for cash advances. The three major local ATM consortia are BancNet, MegaLink and Expressnet. International networks, like PLUS and Cirrus, are accessible with many ATMs, however Cirrus is more predominant than PLUS; however, withdrawals are often limited to 5,000 pesos. Citibank and HS


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Droit du seigneur
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
Droit de seigneur French for the lord's right, is a term now popularly used to describe the purported legal right of the lord of an estate to deflower its virgins. It is also spelled droit du seigneur; (but native French prefer the term droit de cuissage or droit de jambage) a related term is ius primae noctis (also jus primae noctis), Latin for law (or right) of the first night.
Droit de seigneur is often interpreted today as a synonym for ius primae noctis, although it originally referred to a number of other rights as well, including hunting, taxation, and farming.
The custom is a plot element in the film Braveheart.
The existence of a "right of the first night" in the Middle Ages was a disputed topic in the nineteenth century. Although most historians today would agree that there is no authentic proof of the actual exercise of the custom in the Middle Ages, disagreement continues about the origin, the meaning, and the development of the widespread popular belief in this alleged right and the actual prevalence of symbolic gestures referring to this right.
In fact the ius primae noctis was, in the European late medieval context, a widespread popular belief in an ancient privilege of the lord of a manor to share the bed with his peasants' newlywed brides on their wedding nights. Symbolic gestures, reflecting this belief, were developed by the lords and used as humiliating signs of superiority over the dependent peasants in a time of disappearing status differences.
The origin of this popular belief is difficult to trace. In the 16th century, Boece referred to the decree of the Scottish king Evenus III that "the lord of the ground shall have the maidenhead of all virgins dwelling on the same". Legend has it that Saint Margaret procured the replacement of jus primae noctis with a bridal tax called merchet. King Evenus III did not exist, and Boece included much clearly fictional material in his account. In literature from the 13th and 14th centuries and in customary law texts of the 15th and 16th centuries, jus primae noctis is also closely related to specific marriage payments of (formerly) unfree people. There is good reason to assume that this relation goes back to the early medieval period and has its roots in the legal condition of unfree people and Gaelic marriage customs.
- From Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr's journal entry of 20 October 1979 (page 478) at the dedication of John F. Kennedy Library, Schlesinger writes: "Jackie [Kennedy] came by during lunch. I said that she had seemed to recoil visibly when [President] Carter kissed her. She said she thought it was too much...This tendency to kiss women on first meeting does not sit well in the East. 'He acts as if the presidency carries with it the droit du seigneur,'Jackie said. Nor did the passages in his speech about kneeling down after hearing the news of Dallas and crying as he had not cried since the death of his father go well in reticent New England. Again too much"
- Voyages historiques de l'Europe (Volume IV: pages 140–141), by Claude Jordan, first published in 1694; the description is similar to Boece's, but attributes the change to Malcolm I of Scotland, in the 10th century.
- Voltaire wrote the five act comedy Le droit du seigneur or L'écueil du sage (ISBN 2-911825-04-7) in 1762, although it was not performed until 1779, after his death.
- Lorenzaccio (1834), by Alfred de Musset
- The Marriage of Figaro (1778) by Beaumarchais
- Woman, Church and State (1893) by Matilda Joslyn Gage—Chapter IV: Marquette
- The War Lord, a movie starring Charlton Heston
- Braveheart, the film directed by Mel Gibson. In the film jus primae noctis is invoked by Edward the Longshanks in an attempt to breed the Scottish out.
- The Postman, the film starring Kevin Costner. In the film, General Bethlehem (Will Patton), refers to prima noctis as giving him the right to bed Abby (Olivia Williams).
- The Aubrey–Maturin series of novels, by Patrick O'Brian, especially The Yellow Admiral
- Chapter 7 of the first part of George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four, in which "the law by which every capitalist had the right to sleep with any woman working in one of his factories" is an element of the Party's propaganda
- The tale of the ancient Irish hero Cúchulainn
- Terry Pratchett's Wyrd Sisters, a Discworld novel, in which the droit de seigneur was used as a kind of double entendre, with one of the characters believing it was a kind of "big dog thing; hairy, that needs exercise".
- Mark Twain's A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court
- In Ben Franklin, an episode of the American television series The Office, Michael Scott claims ius primae noctis (in the ablative form prima nocte) over one of his employees who is to be married. Jim Halpert explains to the camera what it was, recalling it from the movie Braveheart, and that it meant something entirely different from what Michael believed it did. Jim also said that he had confirmed it by looking the term up on Wikipedia, meaning that he did look up this very page.
- In George Orwell's novel 1984 the term jus primae noctis is used by The Party to describe the horrible conditions before the Revolution and justify the claim that the people of Oceania are living a better life in a better world.


Patients Receive 83 Minutes More of Rest and Sleep with Home Care than at a Hospital
It is a universal truth that sleep is essential. There are countless benefits to sleep. What I discovered recently is that patients receive on average 83 minutes more of rest at home than at a hospital.
Before I tell you why patients receive more sleep at home than at a hospital, here are the main benefits of sleep.
The health benefits of sleep:
 1. Get sick less often
 2. Stay at a healthy weight
 3. Reduce stress and improve your mood
 4. Think clearly and do better in school
 5. Get along better with people
 6. Healthier Heart
For seniors and those recovering from an illness, sleep/rest are the main ingredients to a healthy lifestyle. There is no medication on this planet that is better than sleep. However, there are reasons why patients sleep better at home.
These studies indicated that people sleep better at home and especially with a home health aide present. The concept is "safety." People feel safe knowing that there is someone watching over them.
It's hard for many people to sleep away from home because it can be frightening. At a hospital, patients tend to feel lonelier. With that being said, here are reasons why patients sleep better at home.
Reasons Why Patients Sleep Better at Home:
 1. Familiarity
 2. Comfort
 3. Safety
 4. Warmth and Love
 5. A Peace of Mind
 6. Stability
Before considering care at home, understand the reasons why its beneficial to your loved ones. I see sleep being a big deal. If you want the ones you care for to be comfortable and at ease, this a way to go.
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Paper/Electrostatic/Pollen Cabin Air Filters are similar to the filters called upon to protect your engine's air intake from dust and other debris. The thin paper elements in these filters are electro-statically charged in order to improve their ability to repel foreign particles, and they do a great job of keeping pollen, dirt, insects and small animals from clogging up your climate control system and distributing allergens through your air vents. Paper cabin air filters are so effective that they can block particles as small as 0.22 microns.
There is one area where these types of paper filters fall a bit short, and that is when they are forced to deal with atmospheric pollutants like carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide. These gases can become quite concentrated on stretches of road that see bumper-to-bumper traffic, and in some cases the level of CO2 inside a vehicle can be three times as high as the environmental level, due to the concentrating effects of the passenger compartment ventilation system and the lack of protection afforded by a paper filter.
Activated Charcoal Cabin Air Filters are considerably more expensive than their standard paper equivalents, in some cases costing three times as much. Are they really worth the additional expense? The answer to that question would seem to depend largely on your own driving habits. If most of your time behind the wheel is spent in rural areas, or moving briskly down the highway, then the additional cost of an activated charcoal air filter is probably not worth paying. If you find yourself regularly slogging through rush hour traffic in your Tundra, however, then the additional air cleaning capabilities of activated charcoal might be a wise investment.


text: Cricket Street was one of the first streets named in Masterton, being given its official name in 1878. It earned ithis name from being the area of town where cricket was first played – in the 1860s, on land behind the Wairarapa Archive. Cricket Street originally formed part of a cross with the street now known as Park Street. Because of the shape of the street this was first known as Cross Street. The name was changed to Park Street in 1905.


10 Interesting Sand Dollar Facts
Sunday, June 23rd 2013. | Animals
Sand dollar facts give you the opportunity to know more information about this item. The shape of this sea biscuit looks like a dollar. You can be a rich man on your own when finding many sand dollars on the beach. Now read the following sand dollar facts below.
Sand Dollar Facts 1: Shape of Sand Dollar
Sand dollar has interesting shape. It is like a sea biscuit. The shell is flattened and rigid. It has a disc shaped test. You can see it look like a dollar coin.
Sand Dollar Facts 2: Unique Animal
Sand dollar is a very unique animal. You will be impressed when you touch and see it directly. Most sand dollars that you can find on the beach have symmetrical body. The anus is located on the rear edge on the test, while the mouth is located on the middle of oral surface. Read coral reef facts to know another unique animal.
Sand Dollar Facts
Sand Dollar Facts
Sand Dollar Facts 3: Dendraster Excentricus
The species name of the unique animals is Dendraster excentricus. Their habitat is not deep down the ocean. They live under the sand. If you are curious about these animals, you can search them when vising Baja California and Alaska. They can be found on the low intertidal zone on the beach.
Sand Dollar Facts 4: Group of Sand Dollar
Sand dollars do not live alone. They live in groups and create a neighborhood. The urban dwelling groups are located miles away from the sandy ocean floor, while the suburban dwelling is seen only square feet from the ocean floor. Another animal living near the ocean is seen on puffin facts.
Sand Dollar in Brown
Sand Dollar in Brown
Sand Dollar Facts 5: Species of Sand Dollars
There are many species of sand dollars all over the world. They have different names to call. You can call it as sand cake, sea cookie or sea biscuit. The species of sand dollar can be differentiated through their color. You can see them in purple, green, blue, brown or black.
Sand Dollar Facts 6: Phylum Echinodermata
Sand dollar is included as a member of phylum echinodermata. This animal has a close relationship with other members of phylum Echinodermata such as sea cucumber, sea star and sea urchin.
Sand Dollar In Colors
Sand Dollar In Colors
Sand Dollar Facts 7: Feeding Time
Probably you are curious on how the animal can feed themselves. The small and large food particles will be captured by using the tiny appendages.
Sand Dollar Facts 8: Digging the Sand
One of the important behaviors of sand dollars that you need to note is the burrowing sand. This little and flat creature is set to dig the sand using tiny spines.
Sand Dollar Look
Sand Dollar Look
Sand Dollar Facts 9: Spawning
Spawning the way sand dollars reproduce. The female sand dollars will release the eggs and the males will release the sperm on the water. This reproduction time is seen on spring season.
Sand Dollar Facts 10: Adult Sand Dollars
If you want to know the adult sand dollars, choose the ones with the diameter at least 3 inches. An adult one usually has been living around 8 years.
Sand Dollars
Sand Dollars
The people who want to see the abundant sand dollars can visit the sandy bottom of Pacific and Atlantic coast. Are you interested to find more facts about sand dollars?
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Updated at 12:30 p.m. with Senate vote
WASHINGTON (CNN) - The U.S. Senate on Thursday was scheduled to consider a resolution apologizing to African-Americans for the wrongs of slavery.
The nonbinding resolution sponsored by Sen. Tom Harkin, D-Iowa, is similar to a House resolution adopted last year that acknowledged the wrongs of slavery but offered no reparations.
Several states have passed similar resolutions, but the House resolution was the first time a branch of the federal government did so.
Harkin's resolution "acknowledges the fundamental injustice, cruelty, brutality and inhumanity of slavery, and Jim Crow laws," and "apologizes to African-Americans on behalf of the people of the United States, for the wrongs committed against them and their ancestors who suffered under slavery and Jim Crow laws."
Jim Crow, or Jim Crow laws, were state and local laws enacted mostly in the Southern and border states of the United States between the 1870s and 1965, when African-Americans were denied the right to vote and other civil liberties, and were legally segregated from whites.
Some members of the African-American community have called on lawmakers to give cash payments or other financial benefits to descendants of slaves as compensation for the suffering caused by slavery.
UPDATE: The measure passed the Senate Thursday on a voice vote. While the House passed a similar resolution last year, the chamber will have to vote on it again this session. It is unclear if and when the House will take it up.
The measure will not go to the president because this is a non-binding resolution of the Congress.


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Tell me if my translation makes sense from a technical point of view:
-The black locust shoots stolons (runners) that allows the plant to spread. That's why it's often used to prevent risks of landsliding (dikes, open areas) and to reforest barren lands.
It colonises naturally embankments and vacants lots. Its robust and sustainable timber makes good vine stakes. Crushed, it produces yellow dye.
Its white flowers' clusters are melliferous thus acacia honey. Rich in nectar, Locust flowers can be eaten in cakes or syrup.


How are jurors selected for a particular trial?
Each day, jurors report to the Jury Assembly Room and their attendance is taken. When a judge is ready to begin the jury trial, the jurors needed for the case are selected from those persons in attendance for that day. The jurors' names are called and the panel of jurors is escorted to the courtroom.
Once the jury panel reaches the designated courtroom, the jurors are questioned under the supervision of the Judge. During this questioning, some jurors may be excused from the case. Once all of the questioning has been completed, each attorney in the case is allowed to remove a certain number of jurors from the panel. The jury trial will consist of the jurors remaining on the panel. Jurors not selected will return to the Jury Assembly room until released.
Once all of the jury panels have been selected for the day, the remaining jurors, if any, in the assembly room will be excused and their service will be complete.
Show All Answers
1. Who is qualified to serve on Jury Duty?
2. Can jurors change their jury service report date?
3. How long does jury service in Loudoun County last?
4. Who is entitled to a Jury Trial?
5. Where is the Loudoun County Circuit Court located?
6. Where do I park when I come for jury service?
7. Must employers pay their employees who are on jury service?
8. Where is the jury assembly room located?
9. How are prospective jurors selected for jury service?
10. How are jurors selected for a particular trial?
11. Who can be excused from jury service?
12. Are jurors paid for their service?
13. What may jurors wear to jury service?


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Does weed cause acne? Marijuana has become an increasingly popular topic in recent years, with more and more states legalizing its use for both medicinal and recreational purposes.
With this increased popularity comes an increased curiosity about the potential effects of marijuana on the body. One question that often arises is whether smoking weed causes acne.
Acne is a skin condition that affects millions of people around the world, and any potential connection between marijuana and acne is certainly worth exploring.
In this article, we will take an in-depth look at the relationship between smoking weed and acne, analyzing the available scientific research and discussing other potential contributing factors to this common skin condition.
Does Smoking Weed Cause Acne?
As the popularity of marijuana continues to increase, so does the curiosity surrounding its effects on the body.
One question that often comes up is whether smoking weed causes acne.
This is a topic that has been debated for years, with some people claiming that there is a clear link between smoking weed and acne, while others deny any connection.
So, what does the science say?
Before we delve into the relationship between marijuana and acne, it is important to understand what acne is and how it forms.
Acne is a skin condition that occurs when hair follicles become clogged with oil and dead skin cells.
This blockage can cause pimples, blackheads, and whiteheads to form on the skin.
Acne is most common during adolescence, but it can also affect adults.
The Role of Hormones
Hormones play a significant role in the development of acne.
During puberty, the body experiences hormonal changes that can lead to an increase in oil production.
This increase in oil production can clog the hair follicles, leading to the formation of pimples.
Hormones can also play a role in adult acne, which is often seen in women during their menstrual cycle or pregnancy.
The Link Between Marijuana and Acne
Now, let's talk about the link between marijuana and acne.
Some studies have suggested that smoking weed can increase the production of certain hormones, including testosterone.
As we mentioned earlier, an increase in hormones can lead to an increase in oil production, which can clog hair follicles and cause acne.
However, other studies have found no significant link between smoking weed and acne.
The Role of CBD
One component of marijuana that has been touted for its potential benefits for the skin is CBD.
CBD is a non-psychoactive compound found in marijuana that has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties.
Inflammation is a key factor in the development of acne, so it is possible that CBD could help to reduce acne symptoms.
However, more research is needed to fully understand the potential benefits of CBD for acne.
Other Factors to Consider
When it comes to the relationship between marijuana and acne, there are other factors to consider.
For example, smoking weed can cause dehydration, which can lead to dry skin.
Dry skin can make acne worse, so it is important to stay hydrated if you are a regular smoker. Additionally, smoking anything can cause skin damage, which can make acne more difficult to treat.
One well-known side effect of smoking weed is increased appetite, also known as "the munchies."
While this may not seem related to acne at first, it is important to note that a diet high in processed and sugary foods can contribute to the development of acne.
If you are a regular smoker and find that you are eating more unhealthy foods than usual, this could be a contributing factor to your acne.
Smoking anything can have negative effects on the skin, including damage to collagen and elastin.
These are two proteins that keep skin looking firm and youthful.
When they are damaged, the skin can appear dull, saggy, and wrinkled. Smoking can also cause dehydration, which can lead to dry skin.
Dry skin can make acne worse, so it is important to stay hydrated if you are a regular smoker.
Other Side Effects of Smoking Weed
In addition to its potential effects on acne, smoking weed can have other side effects on the body.
These include impaired memory, decreased coordination, and increased heart rate.
It can also have negative effects on mental health, particularly for those who are prone to anxiety or depression.
It is important to weigh the potential risks and benefits before deciding to use marijuana.
Other Causes of Acne
While smoking weed may contribute to the development of acne for some people, it is important to remember that there are many other factors that can contribute to the condition.
These include genetics, skincare habits, and diet. Stress can also play a role in the development of acne, so it is important to practice stress-reducing activities like exercise and meditation.
Acne Treatment and Remedies
If you are struggling with acne, there are many treatment options available.
These include topical creams, oral medications, and skincare routines that target acne-prone skin.
It is important to talk to a dermatologist to determine the best treatment plan for your individual needs.
In addition to medical treatments, there are also natural remedies that may help to reduce acne symptoms, such as tea tree oil and aloe vera.
|Statement||True or False?|
|Weed causes acne||False|
|Smoking weed can increase oil production in the skin||True|
|THC in weed can lead to increased inflammation in the body||True|
|Weed smoking can cause skin irritation and dryness||True|
|Smoking weed can worsen existing acne||True|
|There is a lack of conclusive scientific evidence linking weed use and acne||True|
FAQ'S Does smoking weed cause acne?
Does weed cause hormonal imbalance?
Marijuana use can affect hormone levels in the body, which can potentially lead to a hormonal imbalance. THC, the main psychoactive compound in marijuana, can impact the production of certain hormones, including testosterone, estrogen, and cortisol.
Does weed make you gain weight?
Marijuana use can cause an increase in appetite, commonly known as the "munchies," which can lead to overeating and potential weight gain. However, not all users will experience weight gain, and the effects of marijuana on weight can vary depending on individual factors.
Does smoking weed cause cavities?
Smoking weed can cause dry mouth, which can increase the risk of developing cavities. Dry mouth can reduce saliva production, which helps to wash away harmful bacteria that can cause cavities. It is important to practice good oral hygiene if you are a regular smoker.
Does smoking weed cause acne?
While the relationship between smoking weed and acne is not entirely clear, some research suggests that marijuana use may contribute to the development of acne. Hormone changes, smoking, diet, and skincare habits can all play a role in the development of the condition.
How does smoking affect your eyes?
Smoking weed can cause redness, dryness, and irritation in the eyes. THC can lower blood pressure, which can lead to dilated blood vessels in the eyes and a decrease in tear production. This can cause dry eyes and potentially lead to eye infections and other issues.
What can smoking do to your skin?
Smoking, including marijuana use, can have negative effects on the skin, including premature aging, wrinkles, and damage to collagen and elastin. Smoking can also contribute to the development of acne and other skin conditions. It is important to practice good skincare habits and quit smoking to improve skin health.


Skip to definition.
Noun: penis (penises,penes) pee-nis
 1. The male sex organ ('member' is a euphemism)
 "the vagina receives the penis during coitus";
 - phallus, member
Derived forms: penes, penises
Type of: erectile organ
Part of: family jewels [slang], lunch box [Brit, slang], male genital organ, male genitalia, male genitals, male reproductive system
Encyclopedia: Penis


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The airline industry today faces thousands of taxes and fees on its operations and services, including taxes on income, property, fuel, equipment and taxes for social and economic purposes such as development aid, the environment and tourism expansion. In many cases, the revenue raised from such taxes is far outweighed by the economic benefits that are forgone as a result.
Proactively fight the imposition of new taxes on the airline industry worldwide and to eliminate or reduce existing unfair and burdensome taxation.
IATA campaigns actively against revenue authorities worldwide that fail to honor the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) taxation principles by:
- Leading initiatives to rescind unfair tax policies and legislation
- Developing strategies and action plans to protect the interests of IATA Member airlines
- Targeting specific taxation issues in collaboration with regional working groups and opposing specific taxation measures through special interest groups
- Focusing attention, both within the industry and among governments, on the real impact of taxation on air transport and tourism and as a result, on the global economy
- According to a survey carried out by Airlines for America (formerly the Air Transport Association), taxes levied on aviation exceeded US$14 billion in 2004 in the USA, corresponding to 25% of a typical airfare.
- The equivalent figure for the European Union comes to an annual total of US$7.3 billion, equal to an estimated 14-15% of passenger revenues for airlines on all routes within Europe.
- The aviation industry is highly taxed in comparison to other transport modes. Airline passengers contribute between EUR4.6 and EUR8.4 for each air journey from/to France, Germany and the UK. By contrast, road users contribute less than EUR0.5 for each journey while rail and light rail users are heavily subsidized.
Supporting Economic Analysis
Briefings and outside views on taxation


Is A Mirror A True Reflection?
Why do I look worse on camera?
Pictures also only provide a 2-D version of ourselves.
Why you look better in the mirror than in pictures?
Does a mirror show your true reflection?
A mirror does not show what you look like in real life. When you look at the mirror, you do not see the person that other people see. This is because your reflection in the mirror is reversed by your brain. When you raise your left hand, your reflection will raise its right hand.
Is a mirror or camera more accurate?
Do I Look Like The Mirror Reflection Or Camera Picture? … If you consider yourself, what you see in the mirror is probably the most accurate image of you because it is what you see everyday – unless you see yourself in photos more than in mirrors.
Is a mirror how others see you?
Why do I look weird in flipped photos?
You just like looking in the mirror a lot more We are used to seeing our reflection in the mirror since our childhood. We are so used to that reflection, a real picture might look very weird to us. This phenomenon is called the mere exposure effect.
Why do I look better in selfies?
Features that are closest to the lens are going to be emphasized in the photo ― like noses. And when we take selfies, we're generally closer to the camera than we would be if someone else were taking our photo. At the end of the day, though, the way we appear in photos is the way we look to the rest of the world.
Why do I look weird in selfies?
Why do you look bad in front camera?
Put simply, the primary way we view ourselves is in a mirror. But this is simply a reflection of what we look like — that is, a reversed image. On a smartphone, both selfies and video calls taken on the front-facing camera re-flip our image, thus presenting ourselves with the version the outside world sees.
Are selfies how others see you?
But in selfies, as you take the photo (from what I know from my iphone) you are seeing yourself from your mirror perspective, and as soon as you take the photo, it saves the photo in reverse. and if someone is facing you in person, that's not what they see. So selfies, from what I know, are inaccurate.
Do people see me inverted in real life?
Yes. Everyone who has ever had a photo taken and who is even slightly concerned with their appearance has probably noticed this. It's because no one— absolutely no one— has facial features that are entirely symmetrical. The left side of everyone's face is a little different (sometimes a lot different) than the right.
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So i was given an assignment with some unusual parameters. My teacher likes to add difficult objectives to make the code longer (really just to be evil) and this project is proving to be a bit of a problem. I have worked on several programs he has assigned but the one i can not wrap my finger around is the one based on creating answer key and test results for students. I will post it below:
Write a C++ program to grade multiple-choice, including True/False, questions for an exam given in a class. A class may have one or more sections. The answer keys are the same for all sections of a class for one exam, but the number of students is normally different for different sections. Your program will be used for different classes and/or different exams, and the number of questions will be different. But any exam can have at most 30 questions. The answer key and a student's answer to a question could be a digit, between 1 and 5 (inclusive), or a character among A, B, C, D, E, F and T, or lower case equivalent.
Input Data
1. The first value in the input file is the number of questions of the exam.
2. The second line is the answer keys without spaces between any two answers.
3. The next line is the number of sections, followed by data for all sections.
4. The data for a section begins with the number of students, followed by students' data.
5. The data for each student is on a separate line, beginning with the answers from the student followed by the student's last name.
6. As the key answers, there is no space between any two answers.
7. The student's last name comes after his/her last answer without any spaces between.
8. Any student's last name has at most 15 characters.
Sample input is given later.
You can assume the input data are correct and do not check for invalid values.
Output Data
1. For each student, last name, number of correct answers, and Pass or Fail. A student passes an exam if the number of correct answers is 60% or better of total number of questions, and fails otherwise.
For each section, the total number of students and the number of students who passed the exam.
For the entire class, the number of sections, the total number of students and the number of students who passed the exam.
See sample output later for the exact output format.
The following requirements must be followed:
You must NOT use structs or 2D array.
You must use the following functions in your program.
// The function reads in numQuestions answers into array answers.
// Parameters: (out, in)
void ReadAnswers(char answers[], int numQuestions);
// The function compares a student's answers against the answer
// keys and passes back the number of correct answers and
// whether the student passed the exam.
// Parameters: (in, in, in, out, out)
void ProcessAnswer(const char keys[], const char answers[], int numQuestion, int& correct, bool& pass);
You must use the same function ReadAnswers() to read the answer keys and the answers for each student.
You must use for loops to process all sections of the class, all students of a section, and all answers of a student. No while loops are allowed on this assignment.
Your main() function could be like the following:
Read number of questions
Read and store the answer keys
Read number of sections
For each section
Process all students' answers
Update class results
Display results for the section
Display results for the entire class
You can also use function toupper(x) to convert a character to upper case. You need to include header file to use the function.
Sample Input
Sample Output
Name Correct Answers PASS/FAIL
 Hockney 8 PASS
 Hill 3 FAIL
 Longwood 6 PASS
 Sharp 5 FAIL
2 out of 4 students of section 1 passed the exam.
 Name Correct Answers PASS/FAIL
 Hockney 10 PASS
 Hill 9 PASS
 Longwood 7 PASS
 Sharp 5 FAIL
 Quick 6 PASS
4 out of 5 students of section 2 passed the exam.
There are 2 sections, and 6 out of 9 students passed the exam.
So that is the entire thing. I understand if you do not want to help me with all of it however any help will be appreciated. Thank you for anything you are willing to/can do.
Please feel free to send me questions or emails if you have any questions about it.
Again you all rock for the help, this community is a great one indeed


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importHTML is a fantastic formula you can use in Google Spreadsheets. Here's Google's support documentation for importHTML:
Syntax: ImportHtml(URL, query, index)
URL is the URL of the HTML page. Either "list" or "table" indicates what type of structure to pull in from the webpage. If it's "list," the function looks for the contents of , , or tags; if it's "table," it just looks for tags. Index is the 1-based index of the table or the list on the source web page. The indices are maintained separately so there might be both a list #1 and a table #1.
Example: =ImportHtml("_URL_ "table";4). This function returns demographic information for the population of India.
Note: The limit on the number of ImportHtml functions per spreadsheet is 50.
What's even better is you can wrap this formula in other formula to get the data in the shape you want. A case in point I was recently asked:
_USER_ is it possible in GS/sheet to use ImportHTML and transpose table data on import into columns if the same source table format?
— jamestoon (_USER_) September 13, 2012
The answer is yes, you can TRANSPOSE a importHTML. Let use the Demographics of India table from the support documentation as an example. To switch columns into rows we can use
This lets us change the way the data is imported from this:
Lets now say we are only interested in the population figures for 1991 and 2001. You could always just import all the data then pull it using a cell reference. Another way of doing this is to wrap our data in a QUERY formula.
The QUERY function is a built-in function that allows you to perform a query over an array of values using the Google Visualization API Query Language.
Anyone used to tinkering with databases will recognise the query language which uses the clauses like SELECT, WHERE, GROUP_BY etc.
There are a couple of ways to query our data for the population of India in 1991 and 2001.
Using LIMIT and OFFSET
- Limit – Limits the number of returned rows.
- Offset – Skips a given number of first rows.
Using these we could use the query
"SELECT * LIMIT 2 OFFSET 4". This selects all the columns (using *) and then limits to 2 results starting from the 4th row. The order of limit/offset is important, using these the other way around won't return any results.
- Select – Selects which columns to return, and in what order. If omitted, all of the table's columns are returned, in their default order.
Because we are using importHTML as our datasource when selecting the columns we need to use the syntax Col1, Col2, Col3 …. So if you just want the year and population our query could be
"SELECT Col1, Col2 LIMIT 2 OFFSET 4"
- Where – Returns only rows that match a condition. If omitted, all rows are returned.
One issue with using limit/offset is if more data is inserted into the source table it might push your results out of the range. A way around this is to include a WHERE clause to only include data on certain conditions. WHERE allows various comparison operators like <=, =, >, multiple conditions ('and', 'or' and 'not') and more complex string comparisons like 'contains'. More information on WHERE conditions here. So if we only wan the population where the year is 1991 or 2001 we can use the query
"SELECT Col1, Col2 where Col1='*1991*' or Col1='*2001*'"
For this last example lets also TRANSPOSE the result and remove the table header:
So there you using the QUERY formula to be more selective on your html import to Google Spreadsheets. Here is a copy of the spreadsheet with all the examples I've used in this post Any questions/clarifications leave a comment.
PS Tony Hirst has also written about Using Google Spreadsheets Like a Database – The QUERY Formula and this is a place if you want some more query examples.
PPS I'm on leave now which is why this post has very little to do with CETIS or OER.