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Severe Restrictions Proposed for Afghan Women's Shelters
The Ministry of Justice of the Afghan government is considering adopting a new regulation that would require women fleeing domestic violence situations to appear before an eight-person government panel before obtaining shelter. Under the new regulation, the shelters, which are currently funded by international organizations, Western governments, and individual donors, would be placed under the control of the government.
A government committee would determine whether women can be admitted to a shelter or if they should be jailed or returned to their families. If admitted to the shelter, women would then be required to submit to physical examinations, which could include a virginity test. Moreover, women could be forced to leave the shelter if their families requested that they return.
Women's rights groups, including Human Rights Watch, Women for Afghan Women and the Afghan Human Rights Commission, have expressed concern that the new laws would deter vulnerable women and girls from seeking necessary protections and shelter. Manizha Naderi, the director of Women for Afghan Women, told the New York Times, "I'm not sure why they are doing it - maybe because the government is becoming more conservative and to appease the Taliban they are doing this. Domestic violence is cultural and it takes time to change and it will change, but women need a safe place when they are a victim of violence."
Ten years ago there were no shelters for abused women in Afghanistan. Currently, there are approximately 14 shelters.
Media Resources: Reuters 2/10/11; New York Times 2/10/11; Irish Times 2/9/11; UPI 2/10/11


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Inventors in England attempted to apply steam power to vessels on the water as early as the 1720s. However working steamboats only began to become feasible in 1781 when Scottish engineer James Watt patented a steam engine that produced continuous rotary motion. By 1803 the steamboat Charlotte Dundas designed by the Scottish engineer William Symington was in operation. It inspired the American, Robert Fulton, who was present at its trials, and was intrigued by the potential of the steamboat. After some trials in Europe Fulton had a Boulton and Watt steam engine shipped to America, where his first proper steamship was built in 1807. Fulton's North River Steamboat (later known as Clermont) carried passengers between New York City and Albany, New York along the Hudson River. The Clermont was able to make the 150-mile (240 km) trip in 32 hours. The Clermont was the first commercially successful steamboat.
By 1817 various steamboats were in operation. This hand-colored print published by Ackermann shows one paddle-wheel steamer designed by Barrodell Robert Dod. In the left background is a steamboat of "American design".

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Instructions for a Graco DuoGlider Stroller
The DuoGlider is a double stroller designed and sold by Graco 1. The DuoGlider can accommodate up to two Graco SnugRide or Graco SafeSeat infant car seats 1. Both of the stroller seats are equipped with removable canopy and snack tray. The stroller must first be assembled before it can be used. It's important to learn the proper instructions to ensure safety and make sure that proper locking mechanisms are installed.
Open the stroller by unlatching the secure hook on the side of the unit. Push the footrest down into vertical position. Turn the stroller upside down to install the basket and wheels.
Align the stroller basket with the two basket bars. Push the basket firmly onto the back of the stroller. Snap the securing straps over the bar and onto the basket to ensure that the basket stays in place.
Align the front wheels with the front feet of the stroller. Push the wheel firmly in place. Pull down on the wheel to ensure it is secured; do this for both front wheels. The two larger wheels go on the back, and the two smaller wheels go on the front.
Recline the back seat, pull up on the recline lever and pull back. Insert the brake bar on the back two feet of the stroller; the brake levers should be facing away from the stroller. Slide the back wheels onto the brake bar. Use a hammer to secure the wheel in place with the axle cap.
Flip the stroller back to normal operating position. Snap the snack tray on the front seat and, if desired, one on the back seat. The stroller is now ready for use.
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What is the difference between:
Quiero que coma
Is it a certain nuance between saying "I want to eat" and "I want that I could eat?"
I'm a little confused here!
I am a little confused too :))
What you are saying in Spanish: quiero que coma and querer comer don't correspond with the English:
"I want to eat" and "I want that I could eat".
If you mean the difference between "I want to eat" and "I want you to eat", this would be:
Quiero comer (I want to eat)
Quiero que comas (I want you to eat)
The second one using que + subjunctive because it is two different subjects.
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Test your Spanish to the CEFR standard


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The Animal Research Centre
ANIMAL Research Centre: health + ecology + conservation brings together researchers focused on developing innovative solutions to health problems that are of significance to wildlife conservation and…Learn more
MARINE AND COASTAL ECOLOGY
Marine and Coastal Ecology research at the University of the Sunshine CoastLearn more
The Animal Research Centre reflects USC's research strength in multiple facets of animal health, ecology, and conservation. Its members develop solutions to health problems that are critical in both wildlife conservation and domesticated animal production, and they produce novel insights to animal evolution, biomechanics, behaviour, ecology, marine ecosystems, and conservation.
The Animal Research Centre brings together researchers in genetics, molecular biology, microbiology, evolutionary behaviour, biomechanics, marine biology, and conservation ecology and has a strong commitment to fostering graduate students and supporting early career researchers.
Marine and Coastal Ecology is an emerging research strength at USC. Our scientists include world-leading researchers in the areas of deep sea biology, marine climate change ecology and the environmental impacts of human activities on coastal ecosystems.
Much of their work involves research collaborations with international and national institutions.


How to Propagate Antique Roses
Antique roses, or old garden roses (Rosa spp.), predate modern hybrid roses and are often priced for their strong fragrance and beauty. They propagate quickly from cuttings taken from actively flowering bushes in spring and summer. Cuttings result in a clone of the parent rose bush so that your new plant features all the fine qualities of your favorite antique rose. Take cuttings from healthy rose bushes, and start several because not all stems may survive to grow into a new plant.
Cut a 6-inch stem that has just finished flowering. Make the cut at a 45-degree angle just above a leaf node or where the stem joins a large branch. Use clean bypass shears to make the cut, and wrap the stem in a moist paper towel immediately.
Combine equal parts vermiculite and potting soil in a 6-inch-diameter pot. Water the mixture lightly until the excess moisture drains from the bottom of the pot and the soil feels evenly moist.
Remove the paper towel. Strip the foliage from the bottom of the rose stem so that only one or two leaves remain near the tip. Dip the cut end into a rooting hormone, and push it into the soil so at least half the stem is buried.
Insert two small sticks into the soil. Drape a plastic bag over the pot to retain moisture. The sticks prevent the bag from touching the cutting.
Set the pot in a warm area that receives bright but indirect light. Water the cutting lightly if the soil surface begins to dry out.
Transplant the cutting to a 2-gallon pot filled with potting soil after it has rooted and new growth begins. It may take up to four weeks for a rose cutting to root fully.


- Slide
 Process optimization
 Improve the environment, traffic flows and your service levels.
The Netherlands is evolving into a single metropolitan area. This has implications for water and energy supplies, the free flow of traffic and CO2 emissions. These challenges can only be met if citizens, public authorities and companies work together and optimize the potential of technology.
Process optimization - Fiber optic Real-time monitoring and control
You can remotely control bridges, locks, power stations and other assets by connecting them to Eurofiber's fiber-optic network. Central control enables you to monitor all your assets more effectively and shorten response times. This enhances safety and improves operating efficiency.
Collecting big data
Digitizing the data generated by your assets allows you to collect large volumes of data at any given moment. These data can be used to optimize your processes and improve your service levels. We have been deploying fiber to various assets since 2009.


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- Moraes, Marcos; Teplitski, Max
- Funding Source
- Center for Produce Safety
- Start date
- End date
Research Projects Database Search
- Research projects are sorted by Relevance.
- Select the boxes on the left to filter results. Results can be sorted by Title, Date or Relevance.
- Multiple filters may be selected together. To deselect filters, click the box to uncheck the option.
Comparative genomics analysis and physiological assessment of the avirulent Salmonella surrogate relevant to produce safety


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Looking up dictionaries I don't see a easy rule when to use ability vs. faculty in sense of a describing attribute. For example, "cognitive faculty" or "faculty of speech" seem to be standard terms, but then "learning or mental ability" seems more common than "learning faculty". The only pattern I see is that abilities are kind of innate(?).
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It's not a distinction of meaning as such - just that certain combinations are more idiomatically established. The net result being that the more academic/clinical faculty tends to refer "innate, raw" potential (which you always had, and which can't be improved). Whereas ability, often refers to current skill level - which can improve or deteriorate. Depending on whether you practice, or allow skills to atrophy through disuse, for example. – FumbleFingers Jul 5 '12 at 23:29
Quick answer: 'faculty' is kind of general, referring to the ability in a species the possibility of X. 'Ability' means you can do X now. Also, 'faculty' has many very specific connotations (like with the individuals who teach at an institution) – Mitch Jul 6 '12 at 3:28
1 Answer 1
up vote 3 down vote accepted
To me, and I don't think there's a Chicago or AP reference on this so YMMV:
 - Ability - what degree of capability exists
 - Faculty - is any capability present whatsoever
So, an infant has no faculty of speech, and a toddler has faculty but limited ability.
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Promoting Fruit and Vegetable Consumption: Are Coupons More Effective than Pure Price Discounts?
by Diansheng Dong
and Ephraim Leibtag
Economic Research Report No. (ERR-96) 31 pp, June 2010
The U.S. Department of Agriculture administers food and nutrition assistance programs that promote fruit and vegetable consumption. But consumption remains relatively low, with price cited as the main deterrent.
What Is the Issue?
A price-discount strategy in conjunction with existing programs might encourage participants in food and nutrition assistance programs to consume more fruits and vegetables. This study looks at coupons and price discounts, two methods of lowering the cost of fruits and vegetables, and uses household purchase data and a consumer demand model to determine which method may be more successful in encouraging produce consumption.
What Did the Study Find?
Coupons influence consumer behavior through a dual effect-a price-discount effect and an informational advertising effect. Because of this dual effect, the use of a coupon to increase fruit and vegetable purchases may be more effective than a pure price-discount policy or other noncoupon promotion.
- For a 10-percent coupon usage rate, lowering prices by 10 percent with a coupon would increase average weekly quantity purchases by 2 percent for fruits and 2.1 percent for vegetables. (A"coupon usage" rate is defined as the percentage of purchases in which households use the coupon when buying fruits and vegetables in a given time period.) A 30-percent usage rate simulation shows a larger effect-over 6 percent for fruits and over 6.5 percent for vegetables-while a 50-percent usage rate shows just over a 10-percent effect for both fruits and vegetables.
- By comparison, a pure price discount of 10 percent would likely have about a 6-percent effect for both fruits and vegetables.
- If coupon usage turned out to be less than 30 percent, then the overall effect of coupons would be lower than a pure price discount policy because the price discount applies to everybody (it has a 100-percent usage rate).
- The informational effect of coupons might decline as coupon use became more common or if coupons were distributed electronically instead of in paper form.
- Even a 10-percent increase in purchases of fruits and vegetables-the result assuming the highest coupon usage rate-would still leave consumption at about 65 percent of the recommended level of 5 or more servings a day.
The success of attempts to use coupons to increase consumption of fruits and vegetable by low-income households would depend on the distribution method (paper or electronic), on the number of households that actually use the coupons, on the size of the discount offered by the coupon, and on the coupon's ease of use.
How Was the Study Conducted?
This analysis relies on data from the 2004 Nielsen Homescan panel. The data include household purchase information for fruits and vegetables, coupon usage information, and households' demographic characteristics. The 2004 panel was made up of 8,482 households that reported purchases of products marked with bar codes as well as other purchases.
To estimate the dual effect of coupons on fruit and vegetable demand, the marked purchase renewal model was used, including three variables that may affect purchase quantity and/or frequency: (1) the gross price paid, (2) an indicator variable that tracks whether a coupon was used, and (3) the value of a redeemed coupon used during a given shopping trip. Elasticity estimates from the analysis then were used to conduct a simulation to compare the effect of coupons as compared with a pure price discount on fruit and vegetable purchase behavior.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


From microstructural features to effective toughness in disordered brittle solids
Vincent Démery 1 Laurent Ponson 1 Alberto Rosso 2
Europhysics Letters, EDP Science, 2014, 105, pp.34003
The relevant parameters at the microstructure scale that govern the macroscopic toughness of disordered brittle materials are investigated theoretically. We focus on planar crack propagation and describe the front evolution as the propagation of a long-range elastic line within a plane with random distribution of toughness. Our study reveals two regimes: in the collective pinning regime, the macroscopic toughness can be expressed as a function of a few parameters only, namely the average and the standard deviation of the local toughness distribution and the correlation lengths of the heterogeneous toughness field; in the individual pinning regime, the passage from micro to macroscale is more subtle and the full distribution of local toughness is required to be predictive. Beyond the failure of brittle solids, our findings illustrate the complex filtering process of microscale quantities towards the larger scales into play in a broad range of systems governed by the propagation of an elastic interface in a disordered medium.
 - 1. IJLRA - Institut Jean Le Rond d'Alembert
 - 2. LPTMS - Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modèles Statistiques


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EOSCpilot has drafted a first governance framework to be discussed and further improved with the involvement of research communities research institutions, research infrastructures and research funding bodies to shape and oversee future development of the EOSC.
EOSC Resources Model
The EOSC Resources cover the range of services and facilities needed to support Open Science and Research in terms of technical, middleware, knowledge, access and facilitation services.
EOSC Stakeholder Forum
The structure of the Stakeholder Forum in the Steering layer is key for the Governance Decision Flow Model to be effective, to allow participation from all stakeholders both large and small, and to be open and transparent.


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The ENERGY STAR label is there to make it easy for consumers to identify and purchase energy-efficient products that offer savings on energy bills without sacrificing performance, features, and comfort. So how does a product earn the ENERGY STAR label? It has to meet certain specifications set by the EPA. Some of them include:
- A product must contribute significant energy savings nationwide in there category.
- A product must deliver certain features and performance that consumers want, and still have increased energy efficiency.
- If the product costs more than the other less-efficient product, purchasers will be able to recover their investment in increased energy efficiency through utility bill savings, within a reasonable time period.
- The product's energy consumption and performance can be measured and verified with testing.


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It's been said that incandescent light bulbs lifetime has exponential distribution. As I understand, this means a 10,000 hours time-to-failure has the same probability no matter how long the light bulb was used until now (i.e. the "memorylessness" property).
On the other hand, Wikipedia says that "(a light bulb's) Lifetime is approximately proportional to $V^{−16}$". Doesn't this mean that if the lifetime is 10,000 hours and 5,000 hours have passed, failure in 10,000 hours is less likely than in 5,000 hours?
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up vote 4 down vote accepted
I would not expect light bulbs to have an exponential distribution, as there is a wear out mechanism involved-evaporation of the filament material. The Wikipedia statement that the lifetime is proportional to $V^{-16}$ is for steady state conditions. Higher voltage leads to higher operating temperature, which leads to increased evaporation. "Long-life" bulbs have cooler filaments, as you can see because they generate less (and redder) light for the same power consumption. All this ignores the stresses generated in on/off cycles, and the fact that the power when the bulb is turned on is much higher than steady state due to the lower resistance at lower temperature.
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How to import CYE bibliography into EndNote:
1) Download the filter cye.zip for EndNote.
Use WinZip to unzip the downloaded filter.
Put housing.enf into EndNote's filter directory,
for example c:\endnote2\filters.
2) Use the search engine below to generate the text-based data.
You will see the generated text on your browser,
then choose "File"->"Save As" to save the text into a file.
3) Open your EndNote, choose New (or Open) from File menu.
Choose a name, then click on OK.
4) Choose import from File menu.
set the filter to "housing.enf".
set the import data file to the file you just saved.
|Search and Generate Endnote Data
You can search for a name, title, or key word(s). You can also restrict
your search to a particular period by specifying the applicable year(s).


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Coping With ConflictGetting along with your sibling with special needs (8-11 year olds)
- Does your child often butt heads with their sibling with special needs?
- Does he get mad when you "take sides" with his sister?
- Does she complain that it's "not fair" that she gets in trouble while her sibling seems to get away with everything?
- Does he ask why his sibling is always so "mean"?
Mediating conflict between children with different needs is tough work, and it can be confusing for your neurotypical child to make sense out of their sibling's short tempers and different needs. In this activity-based workshop, we will explore participants' experiences with conflict with their siblings, identify their feelings, try to make sense of different rules, and create game plans for dealing with fights and temper tantrums.
This workshop is open to both returning and new participants, ages 8-11. Minimum of 5 participants needed to run workshop.
Date: Saturday, April 28th
Time: 9:00 – 10:30am


Fuel For Surfing
Barreling into the winter months, our routines, sleep habits, skin-care regimens are diets will gradually shift. If you are a surfer, your wetsuits, wax, boards and surfing schedule will change as well to accommodate the colder water, shorter days and darker mornings. For surfers in particular, our eating habits for fueling our activity levels are important regardless of the season to stay fit and healthy in the line-up.
Eating with the seasons is often lost with our access to food from around the world, but we should try to eat as local and organic as possible. Taking note of what foods preserve natural resources, support biodiversity, animal welfare and avoidance of genetically modified foods are a good start. If we are conscious of our food choices, we will nourish our bodies as well as our minds.
What you put into your body is as important as the work your body does, and both practices are opportunities to be preventative and proactive in your overall health.
Surf 1We spoke with several surfers to learn what works for them, and the theme was natural, whole foods, avoiding sugar and preservatives. Variety was key, whether it is consuming many types of proteins, vegetables or herbs. One surfer soaks chia seeds overnight in coconut water for breakfast, adding berries and nuts for essential fats and amino acids. Avocados were popular, as well as nut milk, fruits and teas.
Surf 3We also heard a lot about taking care of your health for performance now and in the future. Respecting your food as much as surfers respect the ocean should be a goal for everyone. Knowing where your ingredients come from, consuming unprocessed foods as close to their natural state as possible and avoiding chemicals are critical. Opting for kale and not Kale chips, raw nuts instead of protein bars, and whole fruit instead of juices are ideal.
Eating clean is about being mindful about what we eat, and often the simple approach is best. Looking for foods in their natural state that are fresh, in sync with the season and as local as possible will not only fuel your surfing, it will boost your well being, all year long.


Friday, September 30, 2011
An Unsolicited Plan for a Mullins Creek Greenway
I wrote an earlier piece on how UA needed to take a page out of UALR's book and create a Mullins Creek Greenway, similar to UALR's Coleman Creek Greenway, but I didn't include many specifics. So here is my plan for Mullins Creek in greater detail:
Overall Objectives:
1. Provide the campus community a scenic and safe trail that connects housing areas, athletic facilities, classrooms, and shopping areas.
2. Improve the habitat and water quality of Mullins Creek.
3. Provide a viable alternative to driving around campus that is healthier, more scenic, and just as fast.
Stage 1: The Cheap Stuff
1. Establish a "no-mow" zone around the creek. This would actually be more of a mow twice a year zone that would immediately help decrease erosion along the creek, improve water quality and provide habitat for wildlife.
2. To avoid looking like an overgrown drainage ditch, attractive native grasses, shrubs and trees could be planted along the banks for little extra cost. Inland sea oats, soft rush, blackgum, red bud, sycamore, and dogwoods are just a few examples of attractive plants that would improve aesthetics, water quality, and habitat. Streambank and wetland plants can typically be purchases for ~$1 a plug. Tree prices vary depending on size, but can be as cheap as $30 for a 6' tall tree. Smaller sapplings go for 10 cents when bought in bulk. If done as part of an official mitigation plan, this project might even pay for itself.
Stage 2: The Not Cheap, but Not Really That Expensive Stuff
1. Increase the width of existing trails/sidewalks to at least 12 feet.
2. Move existing sidewalks that are within 10 feet of the creek (red on the map) farther away. Placing a path too close to the creek can, and has, led to bank erosion, flooded trails, and expensive repairs.
3. Pave new sections of trail to connect existing sections each other and dorms, apartments, athletic facilities, classrooms, and shopping areas.
Stage 3: The Expensive Stuff.
1. Remove the parking lot at MLK and Razorback Rd. Replace it with a 3-4 story parking deck located away from the creek that has 1/3 the footprint (shown in red and green below).
2. Convert the old parking area nearest the creek to a Trail of Tears Park with educational signage.
3. Build a pedestrian bridge over MLK. This street is really busy and waiting to cross it can be a pain.
4. Perform a coordinated, natural channel design, stream restoration of the creek where it is above ground on campus. This will save money on maintenance in the long-run and improve water quality and habitat on campus and downstream.
Here is a map of the proposed trail. The majority of this is already in place. Existing sections would just need to be improved and short connections would need to be made.
Rock Island Bridge Opens at Clinton Library
The River Trail just got one step closer to being complete. You can now bike over the Rock Island Bridge at the Clinton Library instead of having to carry your bike up/down steps on the junction bridge or vie with traffic on other downtown bridges.
Next (and last?) step, do something about the crappy section between downtown and Riverdale. You can't really call it a trail if you all you have is bike lanes on busy streets.
Thursday, September 29, 2011
UA needs to Copy UALR - Mullins Creek vs. Coleman Creek
Mullins Creek on the University of Arkansas campus in Fayetteville has a lot in common with Coleman Creek which flows through UALR's campus in Little Rock. Both creeks:
1. Flow through campus and were historically treated more as obstacles than amenities.
2. Had buildings built OVER them.
3. Were crossed by the Trail of Tears. (and at what is now the southern end of each campus even!)
4. Face problems associated with rapid urban development of their watersheds. (trash, erosion)
5. Are impacted by Razorback football game tailgating. (War Memorial Park in Little Rock, Razorback Gardens in Fayetteville.)
With all they have in common, their recent history couldn't be more different.
1. Formed the Coleman Creek Greenway Committee with experts in landscape architecture, environmental engineering, ecology, GIS, habitat restoration, trails, etc.
2. Came up with plans to improve the creek's habitat and water quality.
3. Developed plans for a wide, paved, bike and pedestrian trail that will eventually run along both sides of the creek and connect the campus to surrounding neighborhoods and city parks.
4. Tore down multiple buildings and ripped up acres of parking to build Trail of Tears Park, which has educational signage and native plant landscaping along the first section of the trail to be completed.
5. Is working to decrease vehicular traffic through campus and boost bike and pedestrian traffic.
1. Threw some boulders in the creek, which actually sped erosion, and called it a day.
(I don't know if this is completely fair, since I haven't been in Fayetteville for very long. I've read that plans for a restoration are being drawn up but haven't seen any evidence of plans or intent to implement them. UA did remove buildings where Razorback Gardens and the baseball field are, but I think this was done more for sports than the creek.)
UA needs to form a Mullins Creek Greenway Committee with the full backing of the Chancellor. The goals of this committee need to be to:
1. Boost student access to, and appreciation of, Mullins Creek.
2. Improve water quality in Mullins Creek.
3. Improve habitat and the aesthetics of the creek.
4. Find ways to better link the creek and campus to the surrounding community.
Here are some basic ways some of these goals could be accomplished:
1. Conduct a natural stream channel restoration of the sections of the creek that are still above ground. As part of this, plant the banks with native grasses, shrubs, and trees and limit mowing of a 25' buffer along the creek to once or twice a year.
2. Expand and improve the sidewalks along and near the trail. Take the trail to the southern end of campus and connect it to the Tsa La Gi Trail and Hill Place Apartments.
3. Create a Trail of Tears Park at the southern edge of campus that educates people on the history of the Trail of Tears. Make sure this park is connected to the main trail along the creek.
4. In the long run, seek to remove impervious surfaces on campus. Install green roofs, rain gardens, and bioswales. Store rainwater in cisterns and use that for irrigation on campus.
Wednesday, September 28, 2011
Lake Wedington Loop #1
Today, my friend Jess and I decided to take advantage of the great weather and go on a bike ride (see map below). Neither of us are avid cyclists, but we like to pretend we are in great shape and can do pretty much anything (yes this attitude has gotten us into some trouble in the past).
After packing swimsuits and a frisbee (neither of which ended up being used), we struck out for Lake Wedington without really doing much research. It turns out the lake is 17 miles west of town and that you if you take the seemingly logical choice of Wedington Dr. to get there, you have some pretty nasty hills in the way. We added an unnecessary hill, by initially deciding to take MLK west and then quickly deciding that road was too nasty and deciding to head north to Wedington Dr.
Wedington Dr. is a large road with little shade for most of the way. In the more developed areas, it does have a sidewalk and in places a nice wide bike path. After about 8 miles, the large relatively flat road begins to curve up and down some hills. A couple of the downhill sections were so great (long and steep) that we decided to find a different way home.
We arrived at the lake around 5:00 having taken a little over 1.5 hrs to get out there. At this point we admitted to ourselves that we were already pretty pooped and probably didn't have the time or energy to swim or throw a frisbee given that sunset is around 7:00 these days. So after exploring the cabins, lodge, swimming area, and campground we headed back towards Fayetteville.
This time, we took a very different route and it ended up being a lot better and also worse in places. The southern section of the loop shown on the map is much flatter, and for most of the way it is more scenic and less busy. All that comes to a nasty, screeching halt when you reach Main St./MLK Blvd. There is a bike lane for a bit in Farmington, and then ironically, around the time you see the "Fayetteville: Bike Friendly City" sign, there is no bike lane and no decent sidewalk. Needless to say, the last five miles on MLK were not fun. If you live in the northern part of Fayetteville, you might change the route a bit and take Double Springs Rd. or Broyles St. north back to Wedington Dr. for the final leg back


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Doctoral graduate explores link between body temperature and traumatic brain injuries
Lori Madden did not begin her nursing career with an interest in neuroscience. But after witnessing how those she cared for in the neurosurgical intensive care unit at UC Davis Medical Center recovered from traumatic brain injuries, she grew curious about what factors contributed to stronger recoveries. That interest led this 2014 graduate of the Doctor of Philosophy in Nursing Science and Health-Care Leadership Graduate Degree Program at the Betty Irene Moore School of Nursing at UC Davis to research that could create new protocols for how people with severe brain injuries are initially treated and improve their long-term recovery.
"While caring for them at the bedside, I wondered what we could do to help them not only survive, but survive better after their injuries," Madden, a nurse practitioner, said. "We have done clinical trials seeking to find something that can make a difference in survival. In traumatic brain injury research, we've not made much headway. I wanted to see if we can look at data to better understand the problems and try to identify what changes we might make to help improve their overall recovery."
Traumatic brain injuries take a devastating toll. The latest data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that 1.7 million such injuries occur each year. Falls, motor-vehicle collisions and sports-related injuries can all result in brain injury, which can lead to long-term disability and even death. Madden perceived a lack of scientific evidence to guide how we deal with these neurological injuries. Her doctoral research sought to change that.
"On review of our traumatic brain injury cases, I found that many people developed a fever in the first 24 to 48 hours after injury, so I initially wondered if elevated temperature might correlate with worse outcomes," Madden explained. "We had studied induced hypothermia for brain-injured patients but did not find that it helped patients to have better survival. So I turned my attention to investigating the role body temperature plays in the quality of survival after these injuries."
Madden looked at existing data from 398 moderately and severely injured patients to examine the impact of body temperature on their neurologic outcome up to six months after the initial injury. She found that if people have fever or are hypothermic the first 24 to 48 hours after injury, they do worse than those with normal body temperatures. Madden concluded targeted temperature management, or carefully controlling body temperature to maintain normothermia, following traumatic brain injury may help to reduce secondary brain injury resulting from abnormal body temperature. That approach could ultimately improve neurologic outcomes at a relatively low cost.
Madden continues working with individuals with neurologic injury and illness as an acute-care nurse practitioner at UC Davis Health's Department of Neurological Surgery. She is also an associate clinical professor at the UC San Francisco School of Nursing. She credits her doctoral education with providing a broader view of health and health care, a deeper appreciation of the benefits of interdisciplinary teams in science and at the bedside and igniting plans for next steps in her program of research.
"My opportunities as a student to think about care more broadly and approach my practical curiosities through collaboration and teamwork transfers well into the clinical setting," Madden said. "I want to see what we can do on a patient-by-patient basis and system wide to affect how we care for people and how well they survive."


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Stallhagen DiscGolfPark (copy)
- course classification: B1
- amount of holes: 9
- total length: 738 m (63–140 m/per hole)
- par (ideal result): 28 throws
Disc golf is a game suitable for all ages and genders. The main idea of disc golf is the same as in traditional golf. The player who gets through the course with the least amount of throws wins. Disc golf is played with plastic discs instead of balls and clubs. Instead of holes, there are disc golf targets.
1. The main objective is to get the disc from the tee into the target with the least amount of throws possible.
2. After the initial throws off the tee the player who is the furthest away from the target throws first. Play continues from where the disc came to rest. The player throws as many throws as needed to get the disc into the target.
3. The hole is finished when the disc is inside the target.
4. Please pay attention also to other players on the course and leave the course tidy for others to enjoy.
INFO FOR PLAYERS
- You are responsible for your throws. When hitting people or obstacles, the disc can cause serious damage.
- Before you throw, make sure that there is nobody in the near the direction of your throw.
THROWING DURING ROUND
- Don't throw, if you can't see the target. Make sure the hole is clear before you throw.
- Don't throw if there's even a possibility of hitting people or animals.


text:
Population growth rate: 1.01% (2000 est.)See Also
Definition: The average annual percent change in the population, resulting from a surplus (or deficit) of births over deaths and the balance of migrants entering and leaving a country. The rate may be positive or negative. The growth rate is a factor in determining how great a burden would be imposed on a country by the changing needs of its people for infrastructure (e.g., schools, hospitals, housing, roads), resources (e.g., food, water, electricity), and jobs. Rapid population growth can be seen as threatening by neighboring countries.
Source: CIA World Factbook - Unless otherwise noted, information in this page is accurate as of April 17, 2000
© 2007 IndexMundi. All rights reserved.


text: Couched in the Northern Song idioms of Yan Wengui (active ca. 970–1030) and Fan Kuan (active ca. 990–1030), this small landscape by Zhao Yuan exemplifies late Yuan and early Ming scholar painting in which ancient models were transformed by calligraphic brushwork. Late Yuan scholar-artists saw painting as a vehicle for personal expression: painting, it was said, should be like handwriting—a "heart print" of the artist. Executed during a period of political and social turmoil, Zhao's handscroll reflects a common theme found in paintings of his time: the reclusive life. A secluded mountain villa nestled at the foot of a tall peak suggests a serene existence free from worldly strife. Zhao Yuan, who lived in the south, re-created the towering mountains of the north through his imagination. The last fantastic peak near the far left of the composition was probably inspired by a garden rock—similar to one on display along the west wall of the Museum's Astor Court.


Worked With:
Robert Altman
Paul Verhoeven Biography
Home > Actors > V > Verhoeven, Paul > Biography
Birth Name: Paul Verhoeven
Born: 07/18/1938
Birth Place: Netherlands
Verhoeven spent his childhood in the Nazi-occupied Netherlands, and the wartime visions of fire in the sky and death became imprinted on the future filmmaker's consciousness. Though he earned a doctorate in mathematics and physics at the University of Leiden, he put his heart in film, having feasted on action-packed American fare since his youth, as well as enjoying a passing fascination with the French New Wave and the films of Fellini. Verhoeven had directed a series of shorts before service in the Royal Dutch Navy film corps forever turned him from the academic life. After first making documentaries for Dutch TV, he moved into fiction, gaining attention for the medieval series "Floris", starring Rutger Hauer. His feature debut came in 1971 with "Business Is Business", but it was "Turkish Delight" (1973), Oscar-nominated for Best Foreign Film, which established his credentials. The erotic, satirical study of a marriage between a sculptor (Hauer) and a middle-class girl (Monique van de Ven) scored at the domestic and international box office, although some saw the seeds of pornography in this early art-house success.
Verhoeven fashioned his varied Dutch oeuvre working with several valued collaborators: Rob Houwer produced his first four features, screenwriter Gerard Soeteman wrote or co-scripted all his pictures through his first English-language film ("Flesh + Blood" 1985) and Jan de Bont was the cinematographer of choice before Jost Vacano joined the team for "Soldier of Orange" (1979). (Though de Bont would collaborate on three more films with Verhoeven, he would replace Vacano for only "Basic Instinct" among the director's first five Hollywood films.) "Keetje Tippel" (1975), the follow-up to "Turkish Delight", again starred Hauer and van de Ven who played a poor-but-determined young woman who struggles against all odds (even becoming a prostitute) to climb the social ladder in 19th Century Amsterdam. With "Soldier of Orange", Verhoeven delivered a rousing World War II story with plenty of action, reminiscent of US war films of the late 1940s and 50s. Hauer came into his own as the handsome aristocrat who reluctantly joins the Dutch Resistance, and Jeroen Krabbe, in his first of three performances for the director, pushed Hauer for acting honors, dying at the hands of the Nazis after exacting his measure of revenge.
For "Spetters" (1980), a gritty look at a teenage motorcycle gang, Verhoeven and Soeteman returned to formula: squeezing in as much sex as possible without crossing into hardcore, relieved by quick action so the audience never feels like a voyeur. Though both Hauer and Krabbe were present in small roles, Renee Soutendijk stole the film as the little sexpot who will sleep with anyone to advance her career in the fish-and-chips business, setting the stage for her starring role as a scissors-wielding hairdresser in the psycho-sexual thriller "The Fourth Man" (1982). Castration-anxiety abounded in the film, and whether Soutendijk has murdered three husbands or not, she definitely messes up the mind of gay writer Krabbe when he tries to investigate. Though it generated little critical enthusiasm in Holland, it garnered the greatest international attention yet for the director, leading to "Flesh + Blood", a rowdy swashbuckler set in 16th Century Europe. Possessing plenty of its promised titular gore, it paired Hauer with Jennifer Jason Leigh but scored points only for its sheer audacity.
Verhoeven went to Hollywood and teamed with producer Jon Davison, screenwriter Ed Neumeier and special effects guru Phil Tippett on "RoboCop". For his first stab at science fiction, he had envisioned the future in the tradition of "Blade Runner", but the paltry budget was enough only for the very necessary RoboCop costume and the fantastic stop-motion animation of opponent ED-209. Jettisoning his elaborate production design, Verhoeven shot it straight in Dallas (standing in for a not so futuristic Detroit), and turned the film into a heavy-metal comedy with more than a few caustic things to say about the progressive dehumanization of civilization. The success of "RoboCop" insured there would be more than enough money for the sci-fi summer blockbuster "Total Recall", a big, loud comic book of a movie adapted from Philip K Dick's "We Can Remember It for You Wholesale". Although the project had languished in developmental hell for 10 years with different directors, Arnold Schwarzenegger's box-office clout finally got it off the ground, and Verhoeven fashioned an ambiguous twist to make Dick proud. Does Arnold really go to Mars, destroy the dictatorship and save the world? Or does he just dream it?
Sharon Stone had played Arnold's wife in "Total Recall", and though she was not the director's first choice for the role of kinky murder suspect Catherine Trammell in "Basic Instinct", she nailed it with her brazenly sexual and cold-blooded portrayal. Audacious, erotic and larger-than-life, "Basic Instinct" falls short of its vastly superior prototype "The Fourth Man", but it still kept audiences guessing to the final shot. The sexual tension Verhoeven managed to get on screen was a by-product of his own unconsummated love-hate relationship with Stone. As he explained to MOVIELINE (October 1995): "Everything I felt and everything she felt for me is in the movie. It was not consumed in bed. That's the victory. It was translated to art." Screenwriter Joe Eszterhas, happy to bask in the box office glow of "Basic Instinct", wasted no time, however, breaking ranks from "Showgirls" to publicly denounce it, causing the director to question his character.
Reuniting with his "RoboCop" team, Verhoeven roared back into Hollywood favor with the sci-fi blockbuster "Starship Troopers", about a highly-trained force sent to fight an invasion of insect-like aliens. The resounding failure of "Showgirls" did not prevent him from getting $100 million to make what is essentially a war movie, characterized by screenwriter Neumeier as "'Full Metal Jacket' meets 'Them!' in the style of 'RoboCop'." Very little of that big budget went to its cast of relative unknowns, including Dina Meyer, Denise Richards, Jake Busey and Casper Van Dien, but what the film lacked in star power, it made up in fire power, featuring 500 digital special effects shots of bugs, explosions and flames, as well as the "old-fashioned technique" of using miniature models for the spaceships. In all, more than 250 artists and technicians worked under the skilled supervision of Tippett. Accustomed to courting controversy, Verhoeven refused to make a mere popcorn movie and drew on his genuinely subversive streak to depict the good guy humanoids as fresh-faced fascists. After a three-year absence, Verhoeven returned to the big screen with the sci-fi tinged "The Hollow Man" (2000), focusing on a trio of scientists (two men and a woman) who discover a potion for invisibility. When one of the males consumes it, he begins to stalk the others who have begun a love affair. Boasting a cast headed by Kevin Bacon, Elisabeth Shue (who injured her foot causing shooting delays) and Josh Brolin, it allowed Verhoeven to once again combine eroticism, thrills and special effects.


text:
Half Moon WMA is a 9,554-acre composite of
wetlands, hammocks, flatwoods, and improved pasture. The
Withlacoochee River borders the area to the west and Ventura Ranch
borders Half Moon on the east. Mill Creek and Gum Slough, scenic
spring-fed tributaries of the Withlacoochee, traverse the area.
Half Moon's scrubby flatwoods are home to a small population of
threatened Florida scrub-jays.
Portions of Half Moon are recharge areas for the
Floridan aquifer, the source of most of Florida's drinking water.
Here limestone of the Upper Floridan aquifer is visible at the land
surface. Excellent opportunities exist for a variety of
recreational activities, including horseback riding, wildlife
viewing, biking, hiking, fishing, and hunting. Half Moon's array of
wetlands contributes significantly to floral, faunal, and habitat
View the Recreation Master Plan
for Half Moon Wildlife Management
View the Conceptual
for Half Moon Wildlife Management Area.


text:
The variable holds a reference to an object. If the reference is null and you try to call a method using it, you get a NullPointerException. That is true always, regardless of the class of object to which the variable is declared to refer.
Unlike other languages (e.g. C++), Java cannot have variables that hold an object. They always hold a reference to an object, or they hold a primitive like an "int".
Betty Rubble? Well, I would go with Betty... but I'd be thinking of Wilma.


Drainage Systems - Plumbers
drainage system
Once we have used the water it must travel back through the pipes and out of your property to the sewage system. Water travelling out of your property is known as drainage.
drainage system bristol
Emergency Drainage Cost Explained
Our promise is to always be fair honest and open on pricing. Drainage systems can vary based on the size of the building, and its location it would be unfair of us to mislead you with an ambiguous price. Therefore, we carry out a full on-site inspection before giving you our best price.
Drainage Systems
Understanding your drainage systems
Plumbing, in its simplest form, is holding and controlling the water supply as it flows round your home.
The concept of water moving through pipework is extremely easy to understand. Water enters your property through a mains supply line and is distributed, through pipes, to our fixtures such as taps, shower, toilet cistern etc. for us to use.
What is drainage?
Once we have used the water it has to travel back through the pipes and out of your property to the sewage system. Water travelling out of your property is known as drainage.
Because the drain system works by gravity, and not by water pressure, it is important for the pipes carrying the water away to be angled to keep water constantly flowing through to the sewer.
As you would expect the less a pipe is angled the slower water travels through. Vertical pipework obviously carries water away faster than pipes that are running horizontally. The horizontal sections of our drainage system gradually build up deposits of grease and soap residue which, over time, can cause your water to drain slowly and eventually lead to a total jam.
U-bends or traps
U-bends in pipes are sometimes known as traps. The U bend in the pipe forces the water that is travelling through the drainage system to travel upwards momentarily. This can only happen when more water, from higher up the pipe, is pushing it though. As soon as no more wastewater is pushing though some of it is still in the u-bend. This effectively blocks the pipe so that no sewer gases can escape up through the drainage system and into your home.
Leaking pipes
Because water stays inside the pipework the u-bend sections can, over time, become corroded and leak. That is why you often hear the term 'a leak under the sink.' Why? because a u-bend is always under the sink for the reason outlined above. Often a leak from under the sink is a simple case of replacing the trap or u-bend section of the drain.
If you do and that you have a leak under your sink the first place to check is the u-bend section. If that is not the cause, then check the sink filter assembly (the section directly under the basin) to see if the origin of the leak is here. If so, call a plumber to replace the assembly.
Blocked pipes
Blocked pipes usually occur because of deposits such as hair, grease, food, or other debris getting build-up in the u-bend or fixture drain line.
If a plunger does not work, it is time to call an emergency plumber to fix the problem.
Unclogging or cleaning blocked drains can be tricky and require specialist knowledge of pipework and connections so that you can take things apart, replace anything that is faulty, and re-assemble everything securely so that its sealed once again. It is always best to call in a plumber to tend to any blocked pipes and drains in your home.
Caring for your drainage system
Many potential drain problems can be averted with a little regular care. kitchen drains tend to have the most grease and debris to deal with and should be flushed at least once a week with hot or boiling water from the kettle. Bathtubs and shower tray drains may receive help from a small dose of liquid bleach to help clear things through.
Emergency Plumber
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text:
This Oregon OSHA document guides employees and supervisors through a workshop that uses several examples of Job Hazard Analyses to teach them how to identify hazards on the job. The workshop explains why JHAs are important and describes the five-step JHA procedure. It concludes by having the participants form teams and attempt to conduct their own JHAs.
Welcome to Oregon OSHA's Conducting a Job Hazard Analysis (JHA). This workshop is designed to include you as much as possible in the learning experience. You're not just going to learn about the JHA: You're actually going to join a team and conduct one!
This workshop targets the employees, safety staff, supervisors, and others responsible for safety performance. We will introduce a new approach to conducting JHAs in a way that will help make sure you're able to design job procedures that are as safe as possible. We'll also discuss ways to help you write effective safe job procedures that may be used as lesson plans for on-the-job (OJT) training.
It's all about you! The more you contribute, the more you will get out of this training, so please don't hold back. Participate and have fun!
Given the information and exercises in this workshop, you should be better able to:
- Explain why JHAs are important
- Describe the five-step JHA procedure
- Conduct a JHA for a hazardous task
Please Note: This material or any other material used to inform employers of safety and health issues or of compliance requirements of Oregon OSHA standards through simplification of the regulations should not be considered a substitute for any provisions of the Oregon Safe Employment Act or for any standards issued by Oregon OSHA. This workbook is intended for classroom use only.
What is a job hazard analysis (JHA)?
The JHA is an analysis and improvement process that can literally transform workplace safety. The JHA is a structured process that can discover the causes for the vast majority of workplace injuries and illnesses.
Is the employer required to conduct a job hazard analysis?
Most OR-OSHA standards do not specifically require the employer to conduct a JHA. However, the employer is required to take the necessary steps to furnish employment (jobs, tasks, procedures) that is safe and healthful. The JHA helps fulfill this requirement. Employers applying for OR-OSHA's Safety and Health Achievement Recognition Program (SHARP) and the Voluntary Protection Program (VPP) usually conduct JHA's.
ORS 654.010 Employers to furnish safe place of employment.
Every employer shall…
- furnish employment and a place of employment which are safe and healthful for employees therein, and…
- shall do every other thing reasonably necessary to protect the life, safety and health of such employees.
Why is a job hazard analysis important?
Workers are injured and killed at the workplace every day in the United States. Safety and health can add value to your business, your job, and your life. One of the best ways to ensure safe work procedures is to conduct a JHA.
What is a "job"?
It's important to understand that a "job" in this procedure does not refer to the employee's job title or occupation such as forklift operator or roofer. Actually, we're analyzing a "task" that is composed of a series of steps. A typical job includes a number of tasks. For instance, a forklift operator not only operates the forklift, but may inspect, perform maintenance, change tires, load and unload materials, change batteries, etc. One or more of those tasks may be hazardous and in need of a JHA.
CONDUCTING THE JHA
Step 1 - Prepare to conduct the JHA
Conduct an initial job review
Discuss with your employees the jobs and related hazards they know exist in their current work and surroundings. Ask them for ideas to eliminate or control those hazards.
Any problems that can be corrected easily should be corrected as soon as possible. Do not wait to complete the JHA. This will demonstrate a commitment to safety and health and enable you to focus on the hazards and jobs that need more study because of their complexity.
Review your accident history
Review the history of accidents and illnesses that needed treatment, losses that required repair or replacement, and any "near misses" (events in which an accident or loss did not occur, but could have). These events may indicate existing hazard controls (if any) may not be adequate and deserve more scrutiny.
What records and reports will you review?
Involve your employees
It is very important to involve employees in every step of the JHA process.
What are some reasons to involve employees in the JHA?
List Hazardous Jobs
There's usually not enough time or resources to conduct a JHA and write a safe job procedure for every job being done in your workplace.
Ask each supervisor and employee to identify the various jobs that will require an evaluation in each department. There may be quite a few job titles listed for a large manufacturing facility.
The quantity of jobs listed on the master list will vary depending on the size, complexity, and type of production process.
Discuss the various hazardous jobs where you work. Make a list of four tasks below.
Example: "Removing scrap out of the paper cutter."
1.____________________________________________________________ 2.____________________________________________________________ 3.____________________________________________________________ 4.____________________________________________________________
Conduct a Risk Analysis
Probablility x Severity = Risk
Risk is a function of probability and severity
What is the probability? How _____________ is it a worker will be injured or become ill as a result of an exposure? Factors that can increase risk include:
- Number of employees exposed
- Frequency of each exposure
- Duration of each exposure
- Proximity of employees to the point of danger
- Unreasonable workload
- Working under stress (hurry, fatigue, illness, personal problems)
- Environment (noise, light, wind, rain)
Look at the four jobs listed in the previous exercise. How probable is an injury in each of the jobs (unlikely, likely, very likely)?
Job 1 __________________ Job 2 ______________________
Job 3 __________________ Job 4 ______________________
What is the severity? How ________________ might the injury or illness be as a result of an exposure (minor, serious, death)? Remember, the severity of an injury is largely fortuitous.
Look at the four jobs again. How severe might the injury be in each of the three jobs (minor, serious, fatal)?
Job 1 __________________ Job 2 ______________________
Job 3 __________________ Job 4 ______________________
Prioritize Hazardous Jobs
Once you have identified tasks you believe might be hazardous, you need to determine which tasks:
- Are most likely to cause injury or illness
- Will cause the most severe injury or illness
Analyze the "Worst First"
The hazards presenting the most risk need to be analyzed first. To determine risk objectively, use a structured method to prioritize hazards.
Another Way to Prioritize Jobs
To help prioritize jobs in your workplace, you might use a matrix like the one shown below.
Use the risk matrix below to prioritize the four jobs listed in the previous exercise.
(1=lowest priority, 9=highest priority)
Step 2 – Observe the Job and List the Steps
Now that you've got an idea which jobs to analyze, you need to come up with a way to observe the job so that you can develop a list of steps. Each step in a task actually describes an event. Once the step is clearly understood, we can then analyze that step for hazardous conditions and/or unsafe behaviors. Developing the steps for a job is critical in the analysis process to improve the job and safety programs.
What are some ways to observe and record job steps? _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________
What is a "step"?
Each step describes an ______________: what the worker does in each step.
Tips on conducting the JHA
- Be sure to record enough information to describe each job action without getting overly detailed.
- Avoid long, overly detailed breakdown of steps.
- Do not combine steps (look for "and" in the step).
- Get input from other workers who have performed the same job.
- Review the steps with workers to make sure you have not omitted something.
- Point out that you are evaluating the task, not the worker's job performance.
- Include the employee in all phases of the analysis, from reviewing the job steps and procedures to discussing uncontrolled hazards and recommended solutions.
- It may be helpful to photograph or videotape the worker performing the job.
Using the worksheet below and on the next page, discuss and write a brief description of each step for any of the following common jobs:
- Filling a lawn mower with gasoline
- Changing a ceiling light bulb
- Cleaning out a rain gutter
- Cutting a piece of wood with a handsaw
- Mixing a pesticide/herbicide in a portable sprayer
- Moving a box
- Choose another common task at work or home
Step 3 - Describe the hazards in each step
Hazards and Exposure
A hazard is an unsafe _________________________ that could cause injury or illness to an employee.
Exposure usually refers to an employee's placement relative to the hazard's _____________ _______________.
Don't forget to look for potential hazards
To ensure that all hazards associated with a step are identified, analyze each step to identify potential as well as actual hazards produced by both work environment and the activity being performed. Be sure to consider the following:
- Is there danger of striking against, being struck by, or otherwise making harmful contact with an object?
- Can the worker be caught in, by, or between objects?
- Is there potential for a slip or trip?
-


ASTM C1371 - 15
 Active Standard ASTM C1371 | Developed by Subcommittee: C16.30
 Book of Standards Volume: 04.06
 Format Pages Price
 PDF 8 $52.00 ADD TO CART
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 Standard + Redline PDF Bundle 16 $62.00 ADD TO CART
 Significance and Use
 5.1 Surface Emittance Testing:
 5.1.1 Heat transfer from a surface by radiation transfer is reduced if the surface of a material has a low emittance. Since the controlling factor in the use of insulation is sometimes condensation control or personnel protection, it is important to understand that a low emittance will change the surface temperature of a material. One possible criterion in the selection of these materials is the question of the effect of aging on the surface emittance. If the initial low surface emittance of a material is not maintained during service, then the long-term value of the material is diminished.
 5.1.3 This test method determines the total hemispherical emittance with a precision of better than ±0.02 units.(1) The emittances of the calibration standards shall have been obtained from accurate independent measurements of total hemispherical emittance. This test method shall not be used for specimens that are highly anisotropic or transparent to infrared radiation. This test method also shall not be used for specimens with significant thermal resistance (see 7.3.4).
 5.1.4 Once a reliable emittance measurement has been determined, the value is available to be used to calculate radiative heat flow from the subject surface. For example, if the temperature of the surface, T1, and the temperature of the surroundings, T2, are known, then the radiative heat flow, Qrad, is given by:
 Equation C1371-15_1
 where A is the area of the surface, and either A is assumed to be much smaller than the area of the surroundings or the emittance of the surroundings is assumed to be unity. This radiative heat flow when combined with convective and conductive heat flows provides the total heat flow from the surface (a method for calculating total heat flow is described in Practice C680).
 1. Scope
 1.1 This test method covers a technique for determination of the emittance of opaque and highly thermally conductive materials using a portable differential thermopile emissometer. The purpose of the test method is to provide a comparative means of quantifying the emittance of materials near room temperature.
 ASTM Standards
 C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
 C835 Test Method for Total Hemispherical Emittance of Surfaces up to 1400C
 ICS Code
 ICS Number Code 17.200.10 (Heat. Calorimetry)
 UNSPSC Code
 UNSPSC Code
 Referencing This Standard
 Link Here
 DOI: 10.1520/C1371-15
 Citation Format
 ASTM C1371-15, Standard Test Method for Determination of Emittance of Materials Near Room Temperature Using Portable Emissometers, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2015, _URL_
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text:
Star-planet interactions: I. Stellar rotation and planetary orbits
Privitera et al
As a star evolves, the planet orbits change with time due to tidal interactions, stellar mass losses, friction and gravitational drag forces, mass accretion and evaporation on/by the planet. Stellar rotation modifies the structure of the star and therefore the way these different processes occur. Changes of the orbits, at their turn, have an impact on the rotation of the star.
Models accounting in a consistent way for these interactions between the orbital evolution of the planet and the evolution of the rotation of the star are still missing. The present work is a first attempt to fill this gap.
We compute the evolution of stellar models including a comprehensive treatment of rotational effects together with the evolution of planetary orbits, so that the exchanges of angular momentum between the star and the planetary orbit are treated in a self-consistent way. The evolution of the rotation of the star accounts for the angular momentum exchange with the planet and also follows the effects of the internal transport of angular momentum and chemicals.
We show that rotating stellar models without tidal interactions can well reproduce the surface rotations of the bulk of the red giants. However, models without any interactions cannot account for fast rotating red giants in the upper part of the red giant branch, where, such models, whatever the initial rotation considered on the ZAMS, always predict very low velocities. For those stars some interaction with a companion is highly probable and the present rotating stellar models with planets confirm that tidal interaction can reproduce their high surface velocities. We show also that the minimum distance between the planet and the star on the ZAMS that will allow the planet to avoid engulfment and survive is decreased around faster rotating stars.


Responsible Gaming - Juegos de casino, R. FRANCO GAMES
Responsible Gaming
Responsible Gaming is a rational and judicious choice of the gaming options which takes into account the player's personal circumstances and situation and prevents the game from becoming a problem. Responsible Gaming involves an educated and informed decision made by consumers with the sole purpose of entertaining and enjoying themselves, where the value played never exceeds what players can afford.
Responsible Gaming is a leisure and entertainment activity and never interferes with social, professional or family commitments.
Responsible players:
1. Responsible players play for fun, not for money. They are aware that they may be lucky and win, but they may also lose.
2. Playing responsibly means making decisions based on facts, keeping control of the time and the money players want to spend.
3. Playing responsibly makes the gaming activity a pleasant and enjoyable experience, with no risk of harm to players, their family and/or friends.
How to play responsibly:
1. Play for fun, not for money or to escape from problems.
2. Do not pursue or try to recover losses.
3. Play for fun, enjoy yourself when winning, but take into account that you may also lose.
4. Do not borrow money to play.
5. Play only the amount of money you decided to use for entertainment. Do not use the money you usually need for your fixed expenditure, such as food, transportation, etc.
6. Self-control decreases at times of emotional crisis: avoid playing at those times.
7. Do not let gaming affect your relationship with family and friends.
8. Set a time and money limit to play.
9. The only measured game is the enjoyable game.
Also interesting…
1. Do not mix up responsible gaming with safe gaming.
2. Do you know what problem gaming is?
3. And pathologic gaming?
4. We have provided a space for you on the web site, where you may make enquiries and exchange opinions.
5. Do you want to receive advice about playing in a more controlled fashion?
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text:
Coloured wax model of a female, half skeletal, half living and dressed in regency clothing, England, _PHONE_
This lady is dressed in Regency clothing typical of the first half of the 1800s. She is skilfully created out of wax. She is half woman, half skeleton. The statue may have been made for one of three reasons: a darkly comic novelty, a 'memento mori' (a reminder of death), or a teaching aid. She is paired with a separate male statue (A78827). These two examples of regency waxwork were exhibited in Montreal, Canada at the International and Universal Exposition in 1967.
Related Themes and Topics
There are 535 related objects. View all related objects
Glossary: anatomical figure
Highly detailed models of the full human figure for artists, teachers and medical practitioners.
A branch of medical science concerned with the structure of living organisms.


text:
Thomas Frederick Tout
Tout, Thomas Frederick (tout) [key], 1855–1929, English historian. Educated at Oxford, he taught at the Univ. of Manchester from 1890 to 1925. Considered an outstanding authority on medieval history, Tout emphasized the importance of the administrative aspect of historical development. His writings include The Empire and the Papacy (1898) and Chapters in the Administrative History of Medieval England (6 vol., 1920–33).
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
See more Encyclopedia articles on: Historians, British: Biographies


Using Light to Control How X Rays Interact with Matter Print
Separating the Good
from the Bad of X Rays
X rays, while powerful probes of the microscopic world, can have unwanted consequences for the materials they probe. Radiation damage due to x-ray absorption is, for instance, an unwanted consequence of using x-ray scattering to image biological samples. To date, the helpful properties of x rays have been inextricably coupled to the harmful properties, so one must take the good along with the bad. Laser optics provides a possible path for addressing this issue, as well as for developing new ways to use x rays in research. For example, an intense beam of laser light shining on a material can render it transparent to a second laser beam (so-called optically induced transparency). Using a laser to make a material transparent to x rays, however, has been a challenge.
A recent breakthrough by Glover et al. at the ALS has shown how laser light can be used to control how x rays interact with matter. In a dramatic demonstration, researchers used powerful visible-light lasers to render a nominally opaque material transparent to x rays. While x-ray transparency will have immediate applications for x-ray light sources, demonstrating that such control is possible is the broadly important result of this research. Future investigations will explore the extent to which optical control of x-ray interactions can be used to optimize the good and mitigate the bad.
The underlying control mechanism is the light-induced creation of coherence between eigenstates of electrons in a material. This means that, for a two-state system, light forces electrons to exist in both states simultaneously rather than in one state or the other. This light–matter system can have fundamentally different properties from the matter system in isolation, properties that can be controlled by varying the properties of the optical control beam. Problems arise, however, when the probe pulse lies in the x-ray regime because x rays interact most strongly with the tightly bound (core) electrons in a material, leaving behind a "core hole" that is rapidly filled by more weakly bound electrons, thereby disrupting the optically imposed coherence and destroying the control.
Similar disruptive events occur for visible probe pulses, but the key difference for x-ray interactions is that the disruptive events occur about a thousand times more rapidly than for visible-light interactions. While the problems associated with a short coherence time can be mitigated by using very intense optical control pulses, the high intensity creates a different set of scientific problems. New technical problems also arise. For example, ultrashort optical pulses are needed to achieve high intensity and the x-ray pulse duration should be matched to the optical pulse duration, thereby requiring femtosecond x-ray pulses.
To address this issue, the Berkeley Lab–Argonne team collaborated on a series of experiments at ALS Beamline 6.0.2, which offers femtosecond-duration x-ray pulses and is one of only a handful of places worldwide where the experiment could be done. In the experiment, an intense femtosecond optical pulse co-propagated with a femtosecond x-ray (~900-eV) pulse through a neon-filled gas cell. Without the optical pulse, x rays were heavily attenuated by the neon gas, but with it, the x-ray transmission increased dramatically (by about a factor of three). The transparent window created by the light pulse lasted just 70 fs, short enough to be used to characterize x rays on ultrashort time scales. For example, the research team used this window to measure the duration of a femtosecond x-ray pulse, a heretofore difficult challenge. This capability should help to further develop ultrafast x-ray spectroscopy.
ALS femtosecond spectroscopy beamline layout. Femtosecond x-ray and laser pulses derive from a single 800-nm laser oscillator. Femtosecond x rays result from the interaction of a laser pulse with an electron bunch as it passes through the first of two insertion devices (the e-beam modulator) followed by the passage of the modified bunch through the second insertion device (the x-ray radiator), a technique known as laser slicing. Control-laser pulses (70–300 fs) are focused to attain the required intensity (~1013 W/cm2). A waveplate and delay stage regulate the polarization and delay of the laser pulses relative to the x-ray pulses. The x-ray and laser pulses co-propagate through the neon sample gas cell.
Optically induced x-ray transparency data for three peak laser intensities and a neon gas target with a thickness of 108 torr-cm. The laser (~1.55 eV) coherently couples core-excited 3s and 3p states, thereby inducing transparency on the 1s → 3p x-ray absorption resonance. At the highest intensity (top), the transmission increased by a factor of three relative to the transmission at the lowest intensity. The solid lines show theoretical simulations of the expected change in transmission. The degree of transparency varies linearly with intensity within error.
Future research will focus on using similarly transparent windows to shape x-ray pulses on a femtosecond time scale, a capability that opens the door to new areas of x-ray research such as quantum control of chemical reactions, a discipline now well developed in the visible regime, where shaped pulses are used to control the evolution of chemical reactions. It also lays a foundation for investigating a broader spectrum of ways to use light to control how x rays interact with matter. One interesting possibility is using light to enhance cross sections for nonlinear x-ray scattering. Developing nonlinear spectroscopy in the x-ray regime is currently hampered by weak cross sections for nonlinear x-ray scattering.
Research conducted by T.E. Glover, M.P. Hertlein, and B. Rude (ALS); J. van Tilborg and A. Belkacem (Berkeley Lab); S. Southworth, E.P. Kanter, B. Krässig, H. Varma, and L. Young (Argonne National Laboratory); T.K. Allison (Berkeley Lab and University of California, Berkeley); and R. Santra (Argonne National Laboratory and University of Chicago).
Publication about this research: T.E. Glover, M.P. Hertlein, S.H. Southworth, T.K. Allison, J. van Tilborg, E.P. Kanter, B. Krässig, H.R. Varma, B. Rude, R. Santra, A. Belkacem, and L. Young, "Controlling x-rays with light," Nature Physics 6, 69 (2009).
ALSNews Vol. 305


[ic] FW: Site configuration
Scott _EMAIL_
Tue, 10 Oct 2000 20:15:44 -0700
I am trying to fully understand the 'catalog' configuration in the
minivend.cfg file. The example given is :
 Catalog simple /home/minivend/simple /cgi-bin/simple /simple
The FIRST parameter (/home/minivend/simple) is the pathway to the catalog
directory? The documentation says it is just a name. Does this line play a
significant role in software execution or not?
The SECOND is the path to what??? The location of the script is what
it looks like, not just a base directory of the catalog, which is stored
away from the cgi-bin space.
The final 'alias' is the name of the vlink program. Fine. Why does the
example in the minivend.cfg file contain the following:
_TAG_ simple /home/mike/catalogs/simple /cgi-bin/simple
This makes it look like the /secure-bin/simple 'alias' should be just for
secure operation.
Could someone offer me a clear explanation of how to use these and set them
up right? Where can I find the info if it already exists.


text:
Abstract: This research investigates how cues describing the authors of user-generated online science articles in blogs, and indications about whether the articles are 1-sided or 2-sided, affect others' decision about which content to read. It extended the elaboration likelihood model (ELM; Petty & Cacioppo, 1986), to predict whether better-quality arguments and individuals' need for cognition affected their content selections. In 2 experiments, 121 parents were asked to search for information on a blog concerning the effects of violent media. Results showed a general preference for texts composed by users with greater expertise and for 2-sided messages. Need for cognition magnified the effect of message sidedness, suggesting that the ELM is relevant for blogs and the selection of user-generated science stories.
Link: click here


text:
The physical ephemeris of a solar system body refers to its aspect as seen from the Earth: its apparent magnitude, the angular size of its disk, its apparent degree of illumination, the orientation of its pole, and the positions of its sub-solar and sub-Earth points. This information divides into illumination data and rotation data. Illumination data depends on a model of the body's reflectivity as a function of angle of illumination, while rotation data depends on a model of the body's rotation; both depend on the Earth-Sun-body geometry. Illumination information includes the object's apparent phase, magnitude, and the angular dimensions of its disk. Rotation information includes the instantaneous positions of the sub-solar and sub-Earth points on the object's surface and the apparent position angle of the object's axis of rotation.
In MICA's physical ephemeris tabulations, longitudes and latitudes are planetographic, and position angles are measured on the sky eastward from true north (the direction to the true, Celestial Ephemeris Pole of date). The illumination and rotation data, respectively, are the same as those found on the left-hand and right-hand pages of the 'Ephemeris for Physical Observations' section in section E of The Astronomical Almanac. All of MICA's physical ephemerides are available using either a geocentric or topocentric origin. Except for the Moon, and Venus and Mars when near the Earth, the geocentric physical ephemeris of an object is indistinguishable from the topocentric physical ephemeris. Rotation data is available for the Sun, Moon and major planets. Illumination data is available for the Moon and major planets, but not the Sun.
The MICA physical ephemerides of the planets have been calculated using the basic physical data (directions of the north poles of rotation, the prime meridians, and the size and shapes of the major planets) contained in Seidelmann (2002). Expressions for the apparent visual magnitudes of the major planets (except Mercury and Venus) are from Harris (1961). Values for V(1,0), the magnitude of a planet as seen from 1 AU and at a phase angle of 0°, are given on page E88 of The Astronomical Almanac. The MICA Version 2.0 expressions for the magnitudes of Mercury and Venus are based on the parameters given in Hilton (2003) and are the same as used in the 2005 and 2006 editions of The Astronomical Almanac. The MICA 2.0 Mercury and Venus magnitudes differ slightly from the 2004 edition (and earlier editions) of The Astronomical Almanac, which used the earlier Harris (1961) expressions. A useful discussion on the calculation of physical ephemerides is also contained in Hilton (1992).


text:
Mysql Lpad Function is used to add padding to the left end of the string.The Function stopped the combination of string and added padding if it reached the length character. Incase the string is shorter than the length,the string will be shortened from the left and will go with the specified length constraint.The padding can be any character.
Understand with example
The Tutorial understand an example from 'Mysql Lpad Function'.To understand this example we use the given below syntax:
Query to use Lpad Function:-
The Query below return you the all the letters of roseindia.net and are padded with 2 # to the left of the LPAD.
mysql> select LPAD('Roseindia.net',15,'#')as LPAD;
+-----------------+ | LPAD | +-----------------+ | ##Roseindia.net | +-----------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
If you are facing any programming issue, such as compilation errors or not able to find the code you are looking for.
Ask your questions, our development team will try to give answers to your questions.


The BEST, I mean BEST junior hockey team in CANADA, and the WORLD!! They achieved the title "BEST" by kicking some major ass this year, including Sidney Crosby and the Oceanic. Giving them a shut-out by the tune of 4-0, in the Memorial Cup final to be named 2005 Champions!!
Guy 1: Wanna go to a Knights game tonight?
Guy 2: Who are the Knights??
Guy 1: Dude, you suck when you don't even know who the Knights are!! I definetly don't wanna go with you now!
by Knighter August 24, 2005
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Rank in the fuedal system, one below baron and one above the general peasants.
Developed during the 800s in a kingdom covering France and a lot of the surrounding area, and rapidly spread to the rest of Europe as far east as Russia and as far south as Spain and Italy. Kings were finding they owned more land than they could control, so they gave vast expanses of it to barons (dukes, counts, etc) in return the barons would pay taxes to the king and would fight for him when it was demanded of them, and they must provide an agreed number of men. Barons are like the medieval equivilant of generals.
The barons continued to break up this land into smaller patches, which was controlled by a knight. The knight usually owned one or two villages in his land. The knight would tax the peasants in his land. In return for this, the knight must fight for their lord baron when called upon, and also pay taxes to him, exactly the same duties that the king expects from the barons.
The knight could be viewed as the medieval equivilant of captains/minor officers today. They recruited both men-at-arms (peasants aspiring to be honourable warriors) and archers (peasants that played the less honourable role of using bows/crossbows to fight,) and took these men with them when the baron called them to fight.
The knight is a trained killer. Taken from a family of high rank, the young knight (or "page") left home at about the age of 6 to live with another knight, or even a baron, in their manor or castle. For the first 4 or so years, they were taught manners, such as how to speak different languages or how to carve a roast. From the age of around 10, they were upgraded into "squires:" knights to be. Training as a squire was particulry difficult. By about the age of 18, the knight was a fully trained and honed killer, and was knighted by their master in a long knighting ceremony.
Knights from around 1100AD onwards were expected to follow a code of chivalry, which meant being polite to everyone and being generous to the poor. Knights are sometimes dramatised; many knights ignored the code and were simply ruthless, greedy killers. Most base rules were followed however: it was considered cowardly to use a bow, and it was also very dishonourable (and also a waste of ransom money) to kill a defenceless or surrendering opponent.
Contrary to popular belief, knights were NOT common soldiers in armour. Knights were men of rank, and it was rare to see huge armies of knights without a vast number of peasant infantry accompanying them. Sometimes the knights and men-at-arms would gather to lead the first wave, as it was their honour and right to do so, but as tactics became more and more important in medieval warfare this custom was less common.
Sir Vircotti, the Milanese knight, left his quiet manor and village to join his lord in a crusade to re-capture the holy land.
by OiOiBoy July 04, 2006
1 A medieval tenant giving military service as a mounted man-at-arms to a feudal landholder.
2 A medieval gentleman-soldier, usually high-born, raised by a sovereign to privileged military status after training as a page and squire.
3 A man holding a nonhereditary title conferred by a sovereign in recognition of personal merit or service to the country.
4 A man belonging to an order or brotherhood.
5 A defender, champion, or zealous upholder of a cause or principle.
6 The devoted champion of a lady.
7 A chess piece, usually in the shape of a horse's head, that can be moved two squares along a rank and one along a file or two squares along a file and one along a rank. The knight is the only piece that can jump other pieces to land on an open square.
The knights charged valiantly at the opposing army
A knight is called a'sir'
He is her knight in shining armor
God damn it your Knight took my Queen
by Shaggy8816 March 05, 2006
A phonetic (mis)pronounciation of "knights" (ex. medieval, sounds like "nights"). From a gag in Monty Python's The Holy Grail, a wicked film. King Arthur, on a quest for the grail (in England) comes across a French castle, inhabited by French fellows, one of whom calls Arthur and his knights "silly English K-Ni-Ghits" (sounds like ki-nig-its) because he is unfamiliar with the proper pronunciation of the English word "knights". It is a funny gag.
"Silly English K-nig-hts" (ki-nigg-its)
by Aldea June 10, 2006
an intermediate Graffiti Artist that is good but still improving;
not as good as a king.
Person 1- Ey this homies writing is pretty down but it could be better.
Person 2 Yeah he's a knight still...
by NOS417BOMBIT October 19, 2010
10 Canadian Dollars.
..
Because it has Sir John A MacDonald on it. Shrike.
Victorian1: How much for your bicycle?
Vancouverite: $15.
Victorian1: Shrike - are you serious? Here. Take Knight.
Vancouverite: OK.
Victorian2: Crow. Nice swap. Grats.
Victorian1: Yea. That guy's a prop.
by anomalousvikingninja September 01, 2009
A chess piece resembling a horse head that can only move in an "L" pattern. It can also be used as an extremely odd shaped butt-plug.
Hey Simon. I'm feeling kinky today. Give me that knight in your chess set.
by Father May 18, 2006
A Counter-Strike Source player known for his almighty power of the banhammer, and also for his godly playing skills with all the guns in the game. Also a clutch player.
Careful of that Knight dude, he'll make a new eye socket in your head with that AWP of his, or he'll bust out his banhammer and hit your ass off of the server permanently.
by Almightyness123 April 20, 2010
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text:
This article presents six ideas about the construction of emotion: (a) Emotions are more readily distinguished by the situations they signify than by patterns of bodily responses; (b) emotions emerge from, rather than cause, emotional thoughts, feelings, and expressions; (c) the impact of emotions is constrained by the nature of the situations they represent; (d) in the OCC account (the model proposed by Ortony, Clore, and Collins in 1988), appraisals are psychological aspects of situations that distinguish one emotion from another, rather than triggers that elicit emotions; (e) analyses of the affective lexicon indicate that emotion words refer to internal mental states focused on affect; (f) the modularity of emotion, long sought in biology and behavior, exists as mental schemas for interpreting human experience in story, song, drama, and conversation.
- appraisal theory
- construction of emotion
- emotion schemas
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Social Psychology
- Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
- Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous)


Ball game
Ball games (or ballgames), also ball sports, are any form of game or sport which feature a ball as part of play. These include games such as football, cricket, baseball, basketball, and American football. Such games have diverse rules and histories and are of mostly unrelated origins. Ball games can be defined in several broad types, and generally try to measure how well a player can hit a ball:
 - bat-and-ball games, such as cricket and baseball. These measure the quality of a hit by looking at how much running a ball-hitting player can accomplish before an opponent can retrieve the ball.
 - Racquet and ball games, such as tennis, squash and ball badminton. These are based on players trying to hit the ball to an opponent in such a way that the opponent can't successfully hit it back.
 - Hand and ball-striking games, such as various handball codes, rebound handball, and four square.
 - Goal sports, usually team sports such as basketball, water polo and all forms of football, lacrosse, and hockey (except ice hockey which is a goal sport but is played with a hockey puck). These are based on players being split into teams who have a "goal" in their own separate half of the field, with the ball being driven into the opposing team's goal to score points.
 - Non-racquet net sports, such as volleyball and sepak takraw.
 - Target sports or precision sports, such as bowling, lawn bowls, croquet, and golf, as well as cue sports, including snooker, pool, and other forms of billiards (the sport of curling, which uses a stone rather than a ball, is classified with target or precision sports for some purposes). These are based on hitting the ball into a certain target(s), with the quality of the hit usually measured by how few hits it requires to get the ball in/through the target(s).
See also


text: A system for intraoperative cone-beam CT (CBCT) surgical guidance is under development and translation to trials in head and neck surgery. The system provides 3D image updates on demand with sub-millimeter spatial resolution and soft-tissue visibility at low radiation dose, thus overcoming conventional limitations associated with preoperative imaging alone. A prototype mobile C-arm provides the imaging platform, which has been integrated with several novel subsystems for streamlined implementation in the OR,including: real-time tracking of surgical instruments and endoscopy (with automatic registration of image and world reference frames); fast 3D deformable image registration (a newly developed multi-scale Demons algorithm); 3D planning and definition of target and normal structures; and registration / visualization of intraoperative CBCT with the surgical plan, preoperative images, and endoscopic video. Quantitative evaluation of surgical performance demonstrates a significant advantage in achieving complete tumor excision in challenging sinus and skull base ablation tasks. The ability to visualize the surgical plan in the context of intraoperative image data delineating residual tumor and neighboring critical structures presents a significant advantage to surgical performance and evaluation of the surgical product. The system has been translated to a prospective trial involving 12 patients undergoing head and neck surgery - the first implementation of the research prototype in the clinical setting. The trial demonstrates the value of high-performance intraoperative 3D imaging and provides a valuable basis for human factors analysis and workflow studies that will greatly augment streamlined implementation of such systems in complex OR environments.


text:
In 2007, South African double-amputee sprinter Oscar Pistorius became the first disabled athlete to compete against able-bodied runners, placing seventh in the British Grand Prix. But his J-shaped carbon-fiber prostheses, called the Össur Flex-Foot Cheetah, sparked a debate within the athletic world: Do the devices give him an unfair advantage over able-bodied competitors? The answer, according to a new study of six amputee sprinters, is no.
Scientists debate whether the Össur Cheetah boosts performance. Some experts believed that Pistorius's setup would allow him and other amputee sprinters to move their legs faster than able-bodied runners and reach high speeds more easily. But last summer, a team of researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge showed that Pistorius's prosthetic limbs didn't generate as much force against the ground as biological legs.
Biomechanicist Alena Grabowski, a member of the MIT lab, and colleagues wanted to find out if these results were true for amputee sprinters in general. The scientists decided to study single amputees. That allowed them to analyze prosthetic and biological limbs on the same person and thus provide an "on-board comparison," Grabowski says. The researchers recruited six elite amputee sprinters who used devices similar to Pistorius's and had them run on a treadmill. The runners slowly lowered themselves onto the moving belt from handrails and tried to keep up with it for 10 strides. "They can reach really high speeds," Grabowski says. "It's amazing to watch."
Please download the latest version of the free Flash plug-in.
The treadmill measured the force, called ground reaction force (GRF), each limb generated as it struck the belt. More force means faster speeds. At all speeds, the sprinters' prosthetic limbs produced 9% less GRF than their biological limb, the scientists report online today in Biology Letters. A similar reduction in able-bodied sprinters--with no other change to their running mechanics--would drop their top speed by 9%. Moreover, the researchers found no difference in leg swing times between the two limbs, suggesting that--even though the prostheses are lighter than biological legs--amputee sprinters don't move their legs faster.
To back up their laboratory data, Grabowski and colleagues also studied videos of the 2008 Paralympic and Olympic 100-meter men's finals. They observed no significant difference between the two groups' leg swing times. "From the data we've collected so far, there doesn't seem to be any advantage in using a running-specific prosthesis," Grabowski says.
"The results are hard to refute," says physiologist Daniel Ferris of the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Young-Hui Chang, a comparative physiologist at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, agrees, but he says the debate may be missing how much amputee athletes must overcome mechanically to compete alongside able-bodied runners. These devices can't generate power on their own, like biological legs can, he says. "To think that [prostheses] give you an unfair advantage may be overlooking the obvious."


DataScript Constructs
Operators compare or contrast sets of data, and will return as true or false. DataScripts rely on the Lua scripting language for the syntax and supported usage of arithmetic, relational and logical operators. When evaluating strings, DataScript is case sensitive, so "a" does not equal "A".
Arithmetic Operators
 + -- Addition
 - -- Subtraction
 * -- Multiplication
 / -- Division
Relational Operators
 > -- Greater than
 < -- Less than
 >= -- Greater than or equal to
 <= -- Less than or equal to
 == -- Equal to
 ~= -- Not equal to
Logical Operators
 string.find -- Used to search for a string within another string


text:
Autumn Fruits and Seeds
In autumn many trees have lots of fruits and seeds. Farmers are busy picking fruits like apples and pears to send to the shops.
Other trees have seeds like conkers and acorns. We often have fun playing with sycamore helicopter seeds which spin round as they fall to the ground. Pine cones have lots of seeds inside.
As the weather gets colder squirrels collect the acorns and nuts which they hide to eat in winter. They need to remember where they are hidden.


NameRelated NamesRelatedRatingsCommentsNotes
Given Name AMALRIC
GENDER: Masculine
PRONOUNCED: AM-əl-rik (English), ə-MAL-rik (English) [key]
Meaning & History
Germanic name derived from the elements amal meaning "work, labour" and ric meaning "power". This was the name of a 6th-century king of the Visigoths, as well as two 12th-century rulers of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem.
Related Names
VARIANT: Emelrich
OTHER LANGUAGES: Amaury (French)


The Role of Vortices in the Formation of the Solar System: the Effect on Dust Particles
A. V. Mehta, G. R. Flierl (MIT)
Numerical calculations show that a long-lived, robust vortex can persist in the solar nebula. The stable vortex has a negative vorticity (relative to the orbital angular velocity), which is the same sign as the Keplerian shear. If several negative vortices are close to each other, they will merge to form a larger vortex.
Dust particles suspended in the gas will tend to be expelled from a positive (unstable) vortex and drawn into a negative vortex. A tex2html_wrap_inline11 -sized particle will be mostly locked with the vortex, with a small drift component. A cm-sized particle will drift faster, reaching the middle of the vortex in about tex2html_wrap_inline15. The differential drift velocity increases the number of collisions, enhancing aggregation into larger particles.