text:
Impact of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio on effects of targeted therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients with extrapulmonary metastasis
Introduction: The aim of our present study was to investigate the impact of the pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) on the antitumour effects of targeted agents in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).
Methods: The NLRs in 283 cases of molecular targeted therapy for mRCC were measured before starting the prescription of the molecular targeted agent. The significance of pretreatment NLR on the site of metastatic organs and on progression-free survival (PFS)
in each case was analyzed.
Results: Metastases other than lung, which is defined as "extrapulmonary metastasis," were observed in 190 cases (67.1%). The median of pretreated NLR was 2.39 (0.49‒68.7). In 97 of the 283 cases, pretreated NLR was 3.0 or higher. These cases were categorized as the high NLR group and the rest as the low NLR group. When the cases with extrapulmonary metastasis were investigated and classified based on their pretreated NLR, 50% PFS in the high NLR and low NLR groups was 6.7 months and 12 months (p=0.0001), respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that high NLR (>3.0) was an independent predictive factor for PFS in the cases with extrapulmonary metastasis (hazard ratio 2.762; p<0.0001), while there was no significant difference between PFS in the high and low NLR groups in cases with no extrapulmonary metastasis (p=0.3457).
Conclusions: Our data indicate that the predictive significance of the NLR in mRCC cases involving targeted therapy depends on the metastatic organs. NLR is an independent predictive factor of PFS in cases of mRCC with extrapulmonary metastasis treated with targeted therapy.
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text:
Judges -- sentencing; and
* Department of Juvenile Justice A Department of Juvenile Justice is found in many places. Examples of such a department are:
Of the 30 recommendations identified by the TCPI TCPI To Complete Performance Index
TCPI Toiletries and Cosmetics Purchasing Index, the three core proposals were:
* Develop and implement an automated assessment instrument that identifies an offender's risk to re-offend, as well as the offender's crime-producing needs and behaviors;
* Develop a transition accountability plan driven by recommendations derived from assessment results; and
* Implement more efficient interagency electronic communications to improve continuity and accountability for offender reentry.
The automated assessment instrument will direct offender placement into evidence-based interventions. Georgia has contracted with Northpointe Inc., a nationally recognized correctional research development and consulting firm Noun 1. consulting firm - a firm of experts providing professional advice to an organization for a fee
business firm, firm, house - the members of a business organization that owns or operates one or more establishments; "he worked for a, and modified their Correctional Offender Management Profiling for Alternative Sanctions (COMPAS COMPAS Centre on Migration Policy and Society (Oxford University)
COMPAS Center for Observations, Modeling and Prediction At Scripps
COMPAS Congress on Modern Pan-African Slavery ) program--an automated, statistically based assessment instrument designed to assess key risk and criminogenic need factors for corrections populations. Georgia will use COMPAS as an assessment and treatment-planning instrument in all state correctional facilities and probation offices. Assessments and initial reentry case plans will be done as offenders enter the system. COMPAS is now Web-based for information sharing See data conferencing. and use in determining offender placement, parole considerations and conditions, and case management.
The reentry case plan module of COMPAS will include reentry issues that are relevant for release planning, and offenders will actively participate in the development of their plans (which should be updated at various intervals as needed as needed prn. See prn order. ). As for interagency electronic communications, Georgia is using emerging XML XML
in full Extensible Markup Language.
Markup language developed to be a simplified and more structural version of SGML. It incorporates features of HTML (e.g., hypertext linking), but is designed to overcome some of HTML's limitations. technologies to develop a single depository and source for offender data that is accessible to all partnering agencies.
The GRIP policy and implementation committee developed three subcommittees to address implementation: preincarceration, incarceration and release decisionmaking, and supervision and community stakeholders. The preincarceration work group will focus on sentencing recommendations. The incarceration and release decisionmaking work group will focus on intake and assessment, case management, institutional programming, transitional planning, and parole decision-making. And the supervision and community stakeholders work group will work with community partners in long-term offender reentry issues, coordinate critical community services and interventions, and develop community partnerships that will play an active role in offender stabilization and success.
Building Offender Capacity
The Georgia DOC, in collaboration with other state agencies, has a number of reentry services that build offender capacity for successful re-integration into the community. Some of the initiatives implemented are described below.
SVORI -- Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative: A local reentry project in Savannah Savannah, city, United States
Savannah, city (1990 pop. 137,560), seat of Chatham co., SE Ga., a port of entry on the Savannah River near its mouth; inc. 1789., Macon, Augusta and Albany that partners with local law enforcement, communityand faith-based organizations, parole, probation, juvenile justice, work force investment organizations, and labor to provide reentry assistance to residents returning to the communities from DOC transitional centers.
Registered Pharmacist -- Reentry Partnership Housing: A means to provide housing to DOC inmates who have been authorized for release by parole authorities but remain in prison due solely to having no residence plan. Participating housing providers are compensated for three months to provide room and board without charge to the parolee pa·rol·ee
One who is released on parole.
Noun 1. parolee - someone released on probation or on parole
probationer for this period. This collaboration among corrections, parole, the Criminal Justice Coordinating Council and community affairs has shown a cost avoidance of more than $4.4 million after placing only 300 offenders in the few months of its existence. RPH targets offenders who remain in prison after the Parole Board has authorized their release due solely to having no residential options. (2)
Corporate Take-5 Program: A program to have Georgia businesses sign up to "take 5" returning offenders as employees. Corporate partners provide a bridge for offenders to become an essential part of the work force and help provide a smooth reentry transition into the community for these men and women. And, at the same time, the DOC will be providing corporate partners with qualified, skilled workers.
PIE -- Prison Industry Enhancement: This federal prison industries program, created in 1979 to help state and local industries provide employment for inmates, affords a means for reducing inmate idleness and generates products and services while enabling inmates to make a contribution to society. PIE inmate participants pay taxes, court-ordered restitution, a portion of child support and a portion of their incarceration cost, as well as contribute to the crime victim's fund. Participants also pay into a mandatory savings account Savings Account
A deposit account intended for funds that are expected to stay in for the short term. A savings account offers lower returns than the market rates.
Notes: for use after release.
Faithand Character-Based Initiatives: This program has established the statewide Faithand Character-Based Advisory Board and is working to establish nine local advisory boards. Six facilities piloted the establishment of faithand character-based dormitories, with an expansion of four additional sites in 2006. The goal is to have a faithand character-based dormitory in every prison and to have a faithand character-based prison by 2008.
In-House Transitional Centers: This program was designed to target max-outs (inmates who will serve the maximum sentence in prison) and other inmates not eligible for work release. It provides housing in specialized units designed to address the needs and risks of these offenders. There were four pilot sites in 2005, with an expansion of three additional sites in 2006.
Re-entry Handbook and Re-entry Skill-Building Curriculum: A handbook and curriculum that offenders receive prior to release addresses issues such as identification, housing, employment, transportation, money management, education, health and life skills, family and friend relationships, barriers to reentry, and living under supervision.
Volunteers and mentors: The DOC has more than 8,400 certified volunteers who provide an array of services to Georgia and the offender population. A major increase in the number of volunteers came with the recruitment of Hispanic volunteers, Alcoholics Anonymous Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), worldwide organization dedicated to the treatment of alcoholics; founded 1935 by two alcoholics, one a New York broker, the other an Ohio physician. and Narcotics narcotics n. 1) techinically, drugs which dull the senses. 2) a popular generic term for drugs which cannot be legally possessed, sold, or transported except for medicinal uses for which a physician or dentist's prescription is required. Anonymous volunteers, community mentors, and faith-based partners.
New Orleans Baptist Seminary Project: The purpose of this project is to pilot an accredited accredited
recognition by an appropriate authority that the performance of a particular institution has satisfied a prestated set of criteria.
cattle herds which have achieved a low level of reactors to, e.g. college seminary degree program for eligible inmates at Phillips State Prison. The program is being sponsored by the New Orleans Baptist Seminary and will award associate and bachelor's degrees.
Clinical Pastoral Education Clinical Pastoral Education (CPE) is education to teach pastoral care to clergy and others through a process of action and reflection. CPE is both a multicultural and interfaith organization that uses real-life ministry experiences of students to improve the ministry and pastoral Program: This is a continuing education continuing education: see adult education.
or adult education
Any form of learning provided for adults. In the U.S. the University of Wisconsin was the first academic institution to offer such programs (1904). program for chaplains that is sponsored by the Woodruff Foundation, Emory University and the Crisis Counseling Center of Atlanta.
Grace Village: This is a transitional reentry house in Perry, Georgia, that was built by DOC offenders for returning female offenders and their children.
Something released before an official or scheduled date.
Of or relating to an interval preceding an official or scheduled release: Centers: The DOC recently opened seven new prerelease facilities that will house offenders who are within two to three years of their release. The centers will emphasize work as a learned behavior and programs based on assessed needs in preparation for inmate release.
Goals of Correctional Treatment
As correctional systems continue to engage in strategic planning that is performance-based and results-driven, correctional treatment program plans will need to support the major correctional goals of protecting the public, reducing recidivism and better managing limited resources. To accomplish these goals, selection and implementation of correctional reentry and treatment programs must mandate that resources are spent on evidence-based practices and followed up with measures to support their effectiveness. Goals that support building the capacity of the offender to be a productive member of his or her family and community must be a part of the strategic plan. Strategies also must be implemented to increase the community's and corrections' capacity to address offenders' needs and to identify community resources linking offenders to program services necessary for successful transition

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Markers and translations
I think I made this suggestion in its day, but I'll put it back in case it could be considered interesting.
It's all about the markers.
Every time a boss places a marker on a position, the text that is added is localized according to the language of its interface (as long as it is NOT EDITED).
When we are in worlds where we all speak the same language, there is no problem, but when someone has their game interface in another language, this becomes a problem because the text can come out in Russian, Polish, Spanish, English...
While it is true that each icon has a distinctive shape, sometimes the text is not understandable by whoever reads it.
My request would be:
Since we have translated all the texts of the different game markers (as long as they are not edited / customized), could a language variable be added to these markers to vary the displayed text according to the interface language?
It is clear that if the marker is edited / customized this variable would be deactivated, showing the text in the language that was written.
I am with the interface of the game in Spanish and I put a marker "Ver" whose Spanish text is "Vigila atentamente este objetivo y la zona circundante. Es posible que haya que actuar pronto." The game detects that the marker has the language variable equal to "esxxxxx" (where xxxx will be the code of the text translated into Spanish already existing)
If now another player enters whose interface is in English and accesses this marker, it will detect that the language variable is equal to "esxxxxx", so it will look for that code xxxxx in its interface language "en" and will display it on the screen. The result would be that the marker would appear as "Watch Closely" and in the English description it would be "Watch this target and its surrounding area closely. Action might be requires soon."
And similarly for the other languages.
If the bookmark is edited, the variable would change to "nottranslatable" and the interface language translation search would not be performed.
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text:
Moduli and Algebraic Cycles
30 August - 10 December 2021
The aim of this program is to explore central questions related to moduli spaces, algebraic cycles, and enumerative geometry. These are subjects at the very heart of geometry, with origins in the Italian and German schools of algebraic geometry from the 19th century. But they are also closely connected with modern developments such as the mathematics of string theory and the theory of motives. The notions of cycles and moduli are intertwined in many subtle ways, often by means of various cohomology theories for algebraic varieties, or the geometry of period domains. One example is Deligne's theorem about Hodge cycles on abelian varieties, which is perhaps the strongest known result in the direction of the Hodge conjecture, and whose proof uses the moduli theory of abelian varieties. As another example, the recent proof by Charles (and Lieblich-Maulik-Snowden) of the Tate conjecture for K3 surfaces over finite fields passes via the moduli theory of K3 surfaces. We expect some specific focus areas of the program to be tautological classes, logarithmic geometry, moduli spaces of sheaves, hyperkähler manifolds, and rationality questions. Participation in the program is by invitation only.
John Christian Ottem
University of Oslo
KTH Royal Institute of Technology

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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bull-roarer, an instrument consisting of slit board or chamber attached to a cord. When swung around in the air, it emits a deep, vibrant, "whirrrrrr"-like sound. The mythology of some Native South Americans (e.g., the Tupí-Guaraní) indicates that women originally controlled such sacred instruments of power as bull-roarers, flutes, or trumpets, but, through some calamity (often involving women's inability to hunt), lost possession of these instruments to men. The control of such instruments legitimizes adult male power. Thus, at puberty, Bororo boys are shown how to use bull-roarers, and they participate in secret rituals with the adult men. There are separate ceremonies in which men taunt women with bull-roarers, sexual songs, and clay phalluses. Taboos exist against women seeing these instruments, which are normally concealed in the men's house but removed for ceremonies. Women's real attitude toward bull-roarers is difficult to gauge; some secretly admit to have seen the sacred instruments, but open defiance of the taboos would invite severe sanctions and is avoided. Among some groups, the instrument is merely a toy. The bull-roarer is also important among the Australian aborigines. See matriarchy.
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
More on bull-roarer from Infoplease:
See more Encyclopedia articles on: Customs and Artifacts


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The developed countries that signed the three Rio Conventions in 1992 committed themselves to assist developing countries in the implementation of these Conventions. Since 1998 the DAC has monitored aid targeting the objectives of the Rio Conventions through its "Creditor Reporting System" (CRS) using the so called "Rio markers". Every aid activity reported to the CRS should be screened and marked as either (i) targeting the Conventions as a 'principal objective' or a'significant objective', or (ii) not targeting the objective.
- Release of 2011 data on aid targeting global environment objectives (see Data section below)
Download the data and charts (xls)
Biodiversity-related aid is defined as activities that promote at least one of the three objectives of the Convention: the conservation of biodiversity, sustainable use of its components (ecosystems, species or genetic resources), or fair and equitable sharing of the benefits of the utilisation of genetic resources. Full definition.
Desertification-related aid is defined as activities that combat desertification or mitigate the effects of drought in arid, semi arid and dry sub-humid areas through prevention and/or reduction of land degradation, rehabilitation of partly degraded land, or reclamation of desertified land. Full definition.
Climate change mitigation-related aid is defined as activities that contribute to the objective of stabilisation of greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system by promoting efforts to reduce or limit GHG emissions or to enhance GHG sequestration. Full definition.
Climate change adaptation-related aid. In December 2009 the DAC members approved a new marker to also track aid in support of climate change adaptation. This new marker will complement the existing climate change mitigation marker, and thus allow presentation of a more complete picture of aid in support of developing countries' efforts to address climate change. climate change adaptation.
Handbook on the OECD-DAC Climate Markers
To obtain data by recipient, sector and at activity level by querying the on-line CRS database for Rio markers and environment marker; click here (updated in December 2012).
Also, the time series for Rio marker are presented here: Rio marker data.
Nevertheless, note that Rio marker data available in CRS online may differ from the time series presented above in the form of aggregates. The latter take into account additional amounts provided by members during special studies that could not be integrated in the regular CRS database presented in CRS online.
Read also the FAQs for data users.
Important notes on data:
From 1998 onwards the DAC has monitored aid targeting the objectives of the Rio Conventions through the CRS using the "Rio markers". Data for years _PHONE_ were obtained on a trial basis; reporting became mandatory starting with 2007 flows.
There are gaps in the data series, but their coverage has improved regularly over the years. For 2008 data, only Luxembourg, Norway (forthcoming) and the United States did not report on the Rio markers in the CRS.
N.B. marker methodology: The marker data do not allow exact quantification of amounts allocated or spent. They give an indication (best estimate) of such aid flows and describe the extent to which donors address the objectives of the Rio Conventions in their aid programmes.
OECD Development Assistance Committee Tracks Aid in Support of Climate Change
Analyses of Aid - how much aid is delivered, where and for what purpose
Environment: Climate change aid up to USD 22.9 billion in 2010, says OECD's Gurría


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How can the mid-point of a polyline be calculated using the geoprocessing framework, eg in a Python script?
The polyline.centroid property returns The true centroid if it is within or on the feature; otherwise, the label point is returned. The centroid is rarely located on non-straight lines, which is useless for my purposes.
The Feature Vertices to Points tool has a midpoint option but this requires ArcInfo, which I don't currently have.
An option could be to add measures to the polylines and create a route event 50% along the line.
Another workaround is to use the Calculate Geometry option in ArcMap, but ideally I need to automate this process in a script.
Any better/faster suggestions? Thanks
[EDIT] I'm limited to ArcGIS 10.0 for the moment.


The Real-Time Museum of the City
The Real-Time Museum of the City
The Human Ecosystem comes to life in the Real Time Museum of the city.
You can enter the Real Time Museum of the city and explore it, find yourself in the ecosystem and learn how ask questions to the city using beautiful interactive information visualisations and real-time exhibits.
Real-time museum of the city
Real-time museum of the city
The Human Ecosystem's Real-Time Museum of the City is an extraordinary experience in which the whole relational ecosystem of the city becomes perceivable, in real-time, right before your eyes.
It can be imagined as a peculiar planetarium which, instead of showing stars and constellations, shows people, relationships, communities and communications, as they happen, in real time.
The dots are people, and they rearrange according to how they establish relationships by communicating on social networks. There are millions of people pictured in the relational ecosystem of the city, united through a number of constellations: the communities of which they are part of, just as described in the Relational Ecosystem.
It is an extraordinary interactive experience which pushes the perception of what is possible, of what a city is and of what being part of the city can be. The complexity of life in the city becomes immediately perceivable, thanks to the complexity-oriented information visualisations.
The Real Time Museum has a physical location and an online location.
While most of its features can be comfortably explored from home, on a computer, we firmly believe in the necessity of having a physical location for the Real Time Museum of the city.
First of all because of the experience. While The Real Time Museum can be experienced online, not everyone can benefit from massive projections, immersive soundscapes, 3D and gestural interfaces for interaction with a complex, data-rich environment, which can be made react to your natural gestures, movements and traversals.
This is a very important feature, as it represents in our perception a powerful experience which is able to create a state of suspension, a shift of what we believe can be possible, a new idea of the city, built from living, expressing people, rather than by buildings and streets.
This is a very important concept, as it enables us to intimately transform the ways in which we perceive our cities.
Furthermore, the physical location is important because it is a common. It is a shared, open, permeable space which can be accessed and used by anyone, without any barriers. This also is fundamental in creating a new sense for the city, in which Public Spaces exist and are a precious, exciting, valuable resource for communities.
The act of actually getting out into the city, and going to a place, together with other people, and to share that space, to use it together, to learn how to collaborate is transformative.
In the Real Time Museum of the City you can explore the human ecosystem of the city in realtime or in archive, browsing the present and past of the city.
The archive modality is very important, as it helps to understand how the city changes through time. What were people happy about last year? And what did they fear? What were they anxious about? How did communities change? How did they communicate? What information, communication and discussion flows took place? How has people's roles changed within their communities? These are all fundamental questions which can find answer by browsing and comparing the time dimension of the city and of its relational ecosystem.
In the Real Time Museum of the City you can find yourself. You can look for yourself in the relational ecosystem, in the starry field of human relations in the city. You can observe what communities you take part in. How they changed over time. What roles you have in them. You can understand which people in your city think and discuss things which you're interested in, who thinks like you and different from you. You can find out how to connect with other communities, how to establish bridges, how many degrees of separations you have. You will be surprised, finding out that we are really close to each other, and very connected. You will discover that we can talk, discuss and collaborate, for a better city.
In the Real Time Museum of the City you can ask questions to the city. What do people talk about? Where are they happy? Where do they go to have fun, to learn, to be together? Where do they express different emotions, and in what contexts? How do they talk about a certain issue? What to different communities think about specific issues? And more. For each question you will get answers under the form human networks: the networks according to which the city expresses about your question, with people being interconnected through their opinions, takes, emotional expressions.
The Real Time Museum of the City is for everyone: it is for citizens, schools, tourists, architecture lovers, city and urbanism enthusiasts, artists, anthropologists, information and communication scientists, sociologists and more. It is for everyone who desires to learn more about how human beings live, express and relate in the city.


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Coos County, Oregon\nCoos County is a county located in the U.S. State of Oregon. It was named after a tribe of Native Americans who dwelt in the area of the future county. As of 2000, the population is 62,779.
|Table of contents|
5 Cities and towns
Economy\nDeposits of gold initially attracted people to the county in the nineteenth century. Between 1890 and 1910, large amounts of coal were mined in the county and shipped to California; production decreased after oil was discovered in that state, and no coal mines in the county have been in production since 1950. These coal fields have been explored for natural gas since 1938, and CDX Gas, a company based in Texas announced in 2003 that they would be drilling two test wells later that year.
Currently, forest products, tourism, fishing and agriculture dominate the Coos County economy. Boating, dairy farming, myrtlewood manufacturing, shipbuilding and repair and agriculture specialty products including cranberries, also play an important role. Untapped rich deposits of iron ore, and lead await development.
There are several port districts in the county: Port of Coos Bay founded in 1909, Port of Coquille River founded in 1912, and Port of Bandon founded in 1913. Coos Bay is considered the best natural harbor between San Francisco Bay and the Puget Sound, and the Port of Coos Bay is the largest forest products shipper in world.
Geography\nAccording to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 4,678 km² (1,806 mi²). 4,145 km² (1,600 mi²) of it is land and 533 km² (206 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 11.40% water.
Demographics\nAs of the census2 of 2000, there are 62,779 people, 26,213 households, and 17,457 families residing in the county. The population density is 15/km² (39/mi²). There are 29,247 housing units at an average density of 7/km² (18/mi²). The racial makeup of the county is 91.97% White, 0.31% Black or African American, 2.41% Native American, 0.90% Asian, 0.17% Pacific Islander, 1.06% from other races, and 3.17% from two or more races. 3.40% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There are 26,213 households out of which 26.00% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.90% are married couples living together, 9.90% have a female householder with no husband present, and 33.40% are non-families. 27.20% of all households are made up of individuals and 12.30% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.34 and the average family size is 2.80.
In the county, the population is spread out with 21.90% under the age of 18, 7.10% from 18 to 24, 24.00% from 25 to 44, 27.80% from 45 to 64, and 19.10% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 43 years. For every 100 females there are 96.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 93.90 males.
The median income for a household in the county is $31,542, and the median income for a family is $38,040. Males have a median income of $32,509 versus $22,519 for females. The per capita income for the county is $17,547. 15.00% of the population and 11.10% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 19.90% are under the age of 18 and 9.40% are 65 or older.
History\nAlthough exploration and trapping in the area occurred as early as 1828, the first settlement was established at Empire City in 1853, now part of Coos Bay, Oregon, by members of the Coos Bay Company in 1853.
Coos County was created by the Territorial Legislature from parts of Umpqua County, Oregon and Jackson County, Oregon Counties on December 22, 1853. Curry County, Oregon was created from the southern part in 1855. The county seat was originally at Empire City. In 1895 the legislature permitted the citizens of the county to choose a new county seat. The 1896 vote resulted in moving the seat to Coquille.
The Territorial Legislature granted permission for the development of wagon roads from Coos Bay to Jacksonville, Oregon in 1854 and to Roseburg, Oregon in 1857.
Cities and towns\n*Bandon\n*Barview\n*Bunker Hill\n*Coos Bay\n*Coquille\n*Lakeside\n*Myrtle Point\n*North Bend\n*Powers


Estimating Ulka EP5 Pump Inductance
As part of my work to modulate the Ulka EP5 pump pressure in my Espresso machine, I decided to try and simulate the pump in SPICE. This would necessarily be a very simplified model, but might be useful nonetheless to understand the behaviour of snubber circuits for the pump PWM controller. To create the model, I needed an estimate of the pump inductance.
Previous attempts
I could only find one previous reference to the pump inductance online. It's not clear which Ulka pump was used, but it looks like an E5 type (EP5 or EX5) and a circuit diagram refers to 41W rating (consistent with the 120V 60Hz EP5). They took the approach of measuring the current drawn by the pump at 0.57A and, assuming a line voltage of 120V, calculated the reactance as follows:
XL = V/I = 120V / 0.57A (AC) = 211
With the formula XL = 2πfL = 2π * 60Hz = 377L, the inductance L was estimated as follows (for a 120V 60Hz pump):
L = 211 / 377L = 0.56H = 560mH
However, XL = VPEAK/IPEAK and the above voltage current values may be average or RMS values rather than peak values. For 120V AC mains the peak voltage would be VPEAK =12√2 = 170V. Similarly, when measuring AC current, some multimeters only give accurate results for a sinusoidal AC waveform, and may not be accurate for AC chopped by the series diode in the Ulka pump. This doesn't necessarily mean the result is wrong of course, just difficult to be certain.
Manufacturer data on the pump
The manufacturer data states that:
 - Ulka EP5 240V~50Hz is rated at 48W
 - Ulka EP5 120V~60Hz is rated at 41W
Estimating pump electrical properties
There's an integrated series diode in the pump, but the type is not indicated. However, based on similar Ulka pump models described in Ulka/CEMA specifications, the diode is assumed to be 1N4007 which according to manufacturer datasheets have a typical forward voltage VF = 1.0V when IF = 1.0A (noting that there are some small variations in the specifications for 1N4007 between manufacturers).
Attempting to measure the pump coil resistance directly with a resistance meter could give misleading results, due to the internal diode. To overcome this, a known DC voltage and current can be used to estimate the resistance.
With a ~12V DC power supply connected across the Ulka EP5 240V~50Hz pump, the measured voltage was 12.33V and the measured current was 70.1mA. At this relatively low current, it is likely that the diode forward voltage will be less than 1.0V. To estimate the diode VF, an individual 1N4007 diode was connected in series with a 220R resistor and ~12V power supply, giving IF = 51.9mA and VF = 0.775mV.
Assuming that VF = 775mV at IF = 70.1mA, the actual voltage across the coil will be reduced to (12.33 – 0.775) = 11.56V and therefore a first estimate of the pump coil resistance is as follows:
R = 11.56 / 70.1×10-3 = 165Ω
To calculate the inductance, the manufacturer voltage and power ratings are used to estimate the reactance as follows:
Although the Ulka EP5 240V~50Hz model is rated 48W, the internal diode means that the pump is only active for half the cycle. Considering the coil without the series diode, we therefore assume that the AC power consumption would be 96W and use this figure to calculate the AC current:
P=VI therefore I=P/V
IRMS = PRMS/VRMS = 96/240 = 0.4A
Note that the mains line voltage and current will of course vary in practice due to local mains supply quality.
The peak voltage and current are then estimated as follows:
VPEAK = VRMS√2 = 24√2 = 339V
IPEAK = IRMS√2 = 0.4√2 = 0.57A
The inductive reactance for an inductor energised by a sine wave is calculated as follows:
XL = VPEAK/IPEAK = 339 / 0.57 = 599.27
The inductance can be calculated based on the reactance and frequency as follows:
L = XL / 2πf
Where f is the mains line frequency 50Hz:
L = 599.27 / (2π × 50) = 599.27 / 314.159 = 1.91H
However, on closer inspection, I noticed that the exact pump model I tested is labelled 230V~50Hz on the side. Repeating these calculations with 230V, the following results are obtained:
IRMS = 96/230 = 0.42A
VPEAK = VRMS√2 = 23√2 = 325V
IPEAK = IRMS√2 = 0.4√2 = 0.59A
XL = VPEAK/IPEAK = 325 / 0.59 = 550.59
L = 550.59 / 314.159 = 1.75H
So this estimate puts the pump inductance for the 230V~50Hz EP5 pump at somewhere between 1.75H and 1.91H and the resistance at 165Ω.
Simulating the pump in SPICE
Running an LTSpice model with a 240V, 50Hz AC supply in circuit with a 1N4007 diode and an inductor modelled with L=1.75H, R=165Ω gives the following results:
Iavg=0.34A, Irms=0.46A, Vrms=240V, Pavg=35.67W
This doesn't look too far off, however it is obviously lower than the rated power of 48W indicated by the manufacturer. Adjusting the LTSpice model inductance to L=1.37H gives results closer to the manufacturer ratings:
Iavg=0.39A, Irms=0.54A, Vrms=240V, Pavg=47.93W
Measuring the pump inductance
More recently, another attempt was made to directly measure the inductance. This was achieved by drilling a small 1mm hole in the pump to access the coil terminal before the series diode. The measured inductance and resistance was L=854mH and R=165Ω. The series diode forward voltage was measured as 706mV.
Modelling the pump as a simple inductor is obviously a gross simplification, as the pump is a spring loaded solenoid, whose inductance will vary as the internal plunger vibrates. Also, the hydraulic pressure in circuit is not considered. Finally, with high frequency PWM switching, the parameters estimated at 50Hz / 60Hz frequency may not be correct.
Nevertheless, the inductance values above when used in SPICE provide a first approximation which may be useful to estimate how the system will behave in practice, and do seem to give behaviour very similar to the real system.
If anyone has any corrections, comments, improvements or information to add, drop me a line in the comments below.
5 thoughts on "Estimating Ulka EP5 Pump Inductance"
 1. Hey!
 One simple remark. The pump, of course, converts electrical work to mechanical work.
 This means that for higher mechanical power (pressure times flow rate), you would also be taking a higher electrical power.
 In your model this means that your electrical resistance (not the one generating losses due to the wire resistance, and core losses in the inductor) simbolizes mechanical power, and is dependent on the operating point that you're measuring.
 One simple and very crude way to measure the inductance, if you have an oscilloscope, is to charge a capacitor with some voltage, then connect them in parallel and measure the frequency. It's surprisingly accurate given its simplicity. (use f=1/(2pi sqrt(LC)) )
 1. Hi Andres
 Thanks for the comments above. I assumed that the series diode built into the pump would prevent a resonant/tank circuit with a parallel capacitor from working? (the diode is encased in the pump and there seems no easy way to take it out of circuit without damaging the pump)
 2. Very interesting calculations, but i actually arrived here in a much simpler way.
 I have measured a voltage difference between the metal framing of the pump and ground of approximately 35Vac when using the rubber mounts and connected to a 230Vac supply.
 there is little technical info on the Ulka website, or indeed other sites of companies manufacturing similar pumps, and i wanted to know if that voltage reading would be normal?
 I assume if it is then it would


text:
Ant trails, airborne chemicals, wood vibrations—scientists have a long history of borrowing clever communication techniques from the animal kingdom. Inspired by the odd social habits of a cave-dwelling cricket, scientists have now taught robots to communicate by firing rings of pressurized air at each other.
The cricket in question is the African cave cricket (Phaeophilacris spectrum), which rapidly flicks its wings to launch donut-shaped air rings, a type of vortex, to both potential mates and enemies. Reduced to two kinds of messages, its "language" is pretty simple: It sends isolated vortices to threaten its rival, and a rapid sequence of vortices to woo would-be lovers.
When Andy Russell, an engineer at Monash University in Australia, learned about the cricket, he thought this technique would improve robots' ability to communicate in noisy environments—but that wasn't the only benefit. "Like the cave crickets, there may be times when a robot does not want its communications intercepted," Russell told New Scientist. Researchers speculate that the cricket uses vortices to communicate undetected by predators—so why not robots? Chris Melhuish, a researcher at the Bristol Robotics Laboratory in the UK said, "This could be a useful addition to the communication armoury of future robotic systems."
The science of vortices reaches back to 1858, when William Rogers first described vortex rings, and scientists have been dazzled ever since by how far these rings can travel. They form when a slug of air or liquid is shot out of a small nozzle into a region of still air or liquid: As the slug travels out of the nozzle, the low-pressure build-up on the outside of the slug causes the edge to curl, eventually forming a donut shape that can then propagate quite a distance. (Dolphins are natural masters of the art; humans aren't bad ourselves, and we can use toys to make big rings.)
Russell co-opted cricket communications with the science of vortices by equipping a squat, roughly 6-inch tall, cylinder-shaped robot with eight air disturbance sensors, sending binary messages via a separate vortex generator, which isn't quite as high-tech as it sounds: it's pretty much like a loudspeaker cone, sending pulses of air outward through a less than one-inch aperture. Because it's difficult to track an pulse of air—it is invisible, after all—the engineers burned incense to see the air disturbances in progress.
By themselves, these air pulses don't say much—but when sent in a series of binary coded pulses, they can be used to communicate with other robots. In this study, for example, the scientists sent a sequence of 1,000 vortices to relay the binary coded word for "vortex" over a distance of nearly 12 inches. In addition to sending messages through varied pulses, the sensors could detect both the direction and range of the sender: The message direction was gathered by sensing which of the eight sensors were triggered, while the robot calculated distance by analyzing the lag between the fastand slow-moving vortices.
Sensing air disturbances is all fine and dandy, but what happens when you're in a breezy environment? The scientists equipped the robot with a plastic film attached at only one end to take care of that: When hooked up to an optical sensor, the robot can detect the difference between laminar (typical of breezes) and turbulent flow (typical of the vortices). But despite their valiant efforts, the common error was still missed vortices: As the rings of air traveled, breezes from the room's ventilation system would sometimes trigger a phantom vortex, sending unintentional messages.
While not perfect, the scientists nevertheless demonstrated that such robot-to-robot communication is possible. In addition to fixing the errors, the researchers want to construct a smaller vortex generator—one closer to the size of its inspiration, the wing-flick of the cave cricket.
DISCOVER: When Robots Live Among Us
Discoblog: How to Speak a Language That Your Robot Will Understand
Discoblog: Japan Wants to Send a Tweeting Companion-Bot to the Space Station
DISCOVER: Evolving A Conscious Machine
Image: Wikimedia Commons / Traitor


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Smoke signals, drum telegraphs, and the marathon runner are all examples of man's effort to conquer the tyranny of distance. However, the first truly successful solution to the problem of rapidly transmitting language across space was the Frenchman Claude Chappe's optical telegraph.
Chappe's chain of stone towers, topped by 10-ft. poles and 14-ft. pivoting cross members, and spaced as far apart as the eye could see, was first demonstrated to the public in March of 1791 on the Champs Elysees.
Chappe created a language of 9,999 words, each represented by a different position of the swinging arms. When operated by well-trained optical telegraphers, the system was extraordinarily quick. Messages could be transmitted up to 150 miles in two minutes.
Eventually the French military saw the value of Chappe's invention, and lines of his towers were built out from Paris to Dunkirk and Strasbourg. Within a decade, a network of optical telegraph lines crisscrossed the nation. When Napoleon seized power in 1799, he used the optical telegraph to dispatch the message, "Paris is quiet and the good citizens are content."
Renovated in 1998, the optical telegraph next to the Rohan Castle in Saverne functioned as part of the Strasbourg line from 1798 until 1852. It is one of several remaining relay points in the system that can still be visited today.


text:
Date of Award
Open Access Dissertation
Curriculum and Instruction
This present quantitative action research study compared the test scores of one group of students who experienced a project-based instruction United States history unit with one group of students who experienced a traditional lecture style United States history unit at a suburban high school in South Carolina. The problem of practice that guided this study arose from the lack of critical thinking that the essentialist curriculum and teach-to-the-test instructional strategy foster in this school and the social studies classroom. The identification of the problem of practice led to the development of a research focus examining the impact of project-based instruction in a United States history classroom and the accompanying research question: how does the implementation of project-based learning impact critical thinking skills in a United States History classroom? Data included a pre-test and post-test given to both groups of students to determine the development of critical thinking skills among the students. The study produced results with no statistical significance in large part due to the study's small sample size. The study produced practically significant results however. The study's findings led to the creation of an action plan that provided a framework for educators to implement project-based instruction in United States history classrooms.
Cash, C. E.(2017). The Impact Of Project-Based Learning On Critical Thinking In A United States History Classroom. (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from _URL_


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NatureServe Web Services
About Web Services
NatureServe Web Services enable you to create dynamic, customized Web applications that interact directly with NatureServe's biodiversity databases. Using Web Services, data users can:
- Obtain near realtime access to the most recent biological inventories.
- Access and analyze data in your own applications, such as a GIS.
- Easily compare data developed across multiple states and provinces.


_USER_{10.4103/2321-1407.142903, title = {No more monkey business with impacted canines}, author = {Jay Bowman, S}, abstract = { Various treatment mechanics have been created to direct the eruption of impacted teeth, including the application of intraand interarch forces to some type of attachment on the affe cted teeth. The present communication describes the use of two simple auxiliaries, the Monkey Hook* and the Kilroy Spring*, for the directed eruption of impacted and/ or the correction of severely rotated teeth. }, volume = 4, journal = {APOS Trends in Orthodontics}, issn = {2321-4600}, issn = {2321-1407}, url = {_URL_ doi = {10.4103/2321-1407.142903} }


Four identical metallic objects carry the following charges:+5.8 µC,+1.4 µC,-3.0 µC,and -6.8µC. The objects are brought simultaneously into contact, sothat each touches the others. Then they are separated.
(a) What is the final charge on eachobject?
(b) How many electrons (or protons) make up the final charge oneach object?
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No answer yet. Submit this
question to the community.


Sun GlassFish Enterprise Server v3 Administration Guide
Log File
Enterprise Server log records are captured in the server log. The server log is named server.log by default and is typically located in domain-dir/logs. You can change the default name or location of the server log by using the Administration Console.
In addition to the server log, the domain-dir/logs directory contains the following additional logs:
When the server log reaches the specified size in bytes, the log is rotated and renamed with a timestamp name to server.log_date, where date is the date and time that the file was rotated. You can also rotate this log manually by following instructions in Rotating the Server Log.
Enterprise Server log records follow a uniform format:
An example log record might look like this:
system.core|_ThreadID=13;|CORE5004: Resource Deployed:
The Administration Console presents log records in a more readable display.


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This small little bird about the size of a chicken has somehow managed to significantly grow in popularity in the recent years. I am talking about the kiwi bird, the flightless bird that has become a symbol and nickname for New Zealanders all over the world. These birds are unusual and have certain characteristics that are not very common, like being nocturnal, having nostrils at the end of their beaks, and having an extremely developed sense of smell that enables them to detect food. They are also quite strange because they lay the largest egg in relation to their body size of any bird species worldwide. They are also cute and fuzzy, which has led to many people wanting to have one as a pet.
While keeping kiwi birds as pets is not a great idea, there are other ways in which you can have one: making a pompom kiwi craft that you can take anywhere with you is a start! Not to mention how much fun will you have by making it. In order to make an adorable pompom kiwi, you will need an orange craft foam, such as sticky back foam. However, ordinary foam and glue works just as good. You will also need wiggle eyes and, naturally, glue. You should start by cutting two feet shape from the orange foam, which you should then stick to the pompom so they act as a base. Then, you need to glue a triangle of orange foam that will serve as the eyes. You also need to glue to wiggle eyes to the front of the pompom and there you go! Now you have your own kiwi toy.
If your children love the kiwi bird, not only can you make them a pompom craft, but you can also download and print kiwi posters that they can put in the room. With the Internet being at the tip of your fingers, finding such printables is very easy. Once you go online, you will come across kiwi posers, booklets, animal jigsaws, posters, writing paper, coloring pages, and even frames. Your children will be extremely happy with their brand new, customized school items. This will also give them the chance to learn more about the kiwi bird and maybe raise awareness among children regarding the importance of protecting this bird. They need to understand that the kiwi bird is endangered, so they cannot keep one as a pet. Instead, they can play with their pompom kiwi craft all they want!


Additional metrics:
 - Patient recruitment, conducted fully online was completed 56% faster compared to the previous trial, which recruited participants through eight participating trial sites.
 - Fifty-one patients received their Mendor Smart meters and started the profiling protocol, with 46 completing the profiling process, a 9% drop-out rate, which was the same as in the comparator trial.
 - Patients completed the glucose profiling 22% faster compared to the previous trial, resulting in shorter overall trial duration as well as a smaller time commitment for each patient.
 - The trial site estimated having spent 66% less time in trial coordination activities. The entire trial was mainly managed between a single investigator and nurse, who were physically located in different areas.
Lessons Learned from Trial Exit Interviews
Patients taking part in trials are already sharing a lot of information with the sponsor and are generally willing to provide feedback. In the VERKKO trial, we had a 100% response rate to our online exit interview survey, which was part of the automated workflow in Clinpal. We measured several aspects, including importance and patient satisfaction. We also asked patients how much time they spent overall. The numeric ratings were useful, but they mostly confirmed that the trial was highly efficient and that most patients enjoyed being part of it.
The written comments, most of which were very positive, were particularly valuable as were the patient recommendations. For example, many patients did not like that we did not provide envelopes and stamps to return the study materials, so patients had to pay for this out of pocket. Patients commented on the volume of the alarms in their wireless glucose meters and wanted more flexibility with the time windows for their measurements. Several pointed out things that could have been more clear in the instructions. They also asked if the meter could have a counter showing the time until the next measurement.
The many comments we received will be truly helpful to us in the next trial. Our lesson learned is the value a pilot would offer. By first obtaining feedback in a small-scale pilot, we can then incorporate that feedback into a full-scale trial.
Figure 3: An example of an online patient logbook from the VERKKO trial.
Figure 4: An example of the information obtained in the VERKKO trial.
The VERKKO trial design mirrored the way the general public prefers to exchange information by providing education and opportunities to communicate online. Increasingly, people worldwide are using the internet to gather information and to communicate. Sixty-four percent of U.S. consumers are willing to see a doctor via video visits, and 70% say they would rather obtain prescriptions from their doctors via an online video visit rather than an in-office visit. Trends like these open opportunities for the clinical research industry, as this trial demonstrated.
The approach used in VERKKO is ideal especially for observatory studies that often involve large patient populations and require a more efficient approach. However, online patient recruitment and engagement can benefit studies of any phase.
All these benefits address critical challenges in clinical trials, translating into direct business value and increasing the return on investment. Perhaps, more importantly, when we provide patients with an efficient and convenient way to participate in trials, we have more engaged and better-informed patients, driving us toward better science.
Kai Langel, Co-Founder and Director, Patient Solutions, eClinicalHealth
 1. "Considerations for Improving Patient Recruitment Into Clinical Trials," Clinical Leader white paper.
 2. American Well 2015 Telehealth Survey.


Definitions for
Overview of noun pigment
The noun pigment has 3 senses? (first 1 from tagged texts)
1. (2) pigment
(dry coloring material (especially a powder to be mixed with a liquid to produce paint, etc.))
2. pigment
(any substance whose presence in plant or animal tissues produces a characteristic color)
3. paint, pigment
Overview of verb pigment
The verb pigment has 2 senses? (no senses from tagged texts)
1. pigment
(acquire pigment; become colored or imbued)
2. pigment
(color or dye with a pigment; "pigment a photograph") © 2001-2013, Demand Media, all rights reserved. The database is based on Word Net a lexical database for the English language. see disclaimer
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Children's resilience in the presence of mothers' depressive symptoms : examining proximal regulatory processes related to active agency
MetadataShow full item record
Using a large sample from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care, the current study examined the processes through which children's agentic processes promoted their resilience in the face of mothers' depressive symptoms at first grade. Children's resilience in the presence of mothers' depressive symptoms was demonstrated to be homogeneous across domains of academic performance, social competence, internalizing behavior, and externalizing behavior. Children's effortful control, self-assertion, and mastery motivation predicted their resilience in these domains to a varying degree. The agentic processes mediated the relation of different patterns of individual (i.e., child intelligence, temperament), relational (i.e., attachment security), and environmental (i.e., maternal sensitivity, childcare quality) factors to children's resilience across domains. Interrelations among child individual, relational, and environmental characteristics were also observed. Moreover, findings from two analytic approaches converged in terms of underscoring the importance of the agentic system in promoting child resilience in the face of mothers' depressive symptoms. Children's agentic processes promoted their resilience via additive main effects rather than interactive effects.


<%_USER_="JavaScript1.3"%> Swine Production Management - Transport - Maximizing Meat Yield to Slaughterhouse
Swine Production Management - Transport
Useful Transportation Guidelines:
Maximizing Meat Yield to Slaughterhouse
Factors affecting the yield of pig meat:
Breeding program
The single most important reason why insufficient quantities of meat is sold per week, per sq metre of finishing floor is related to insufficient sows/gilts being served some 6 months previously
Adaptation to known times of reduced farrowing rate or litter size, this must be accommodated by the breeding or more females (See Breeding controls)
Must aim to fill a truck
Growth rate and feed intake
Any factor which will reduce the feed intake or growth rate will reduce the farm yield. These include overstocking, poor feed troughs, marginal water supplies, poor temperature controls, poor air quality
Single-sex feeding
(See standard sheets covering feed intake)
Contact with the abattoir/abattoirs major customers
Close liaison with abattoir to determine exactly what type of meat they require
The UK industry has less than 10 customers, determine what they want
Possibly use thirst-making feeds at end
At the correct weight
Supplying pigs that are less variable in the slaughterhouse, this may require twice-weekly shipping
Shipping closer to the maximum permitted weight
Calculate the relative cost of 5% overweights, as compared with 5% underweight
Negotiate a higher weight contract, however, ensure that the contract then does not become attractive to other suppliers, a real possibility if we go too heavy in the UK
Use a weigh scale regularly
Check the weigh scale at least monthly with standardised weights, not your own, variable weight
With the correct conformation and lean tissue content, P2 measurement
Require that the genetic make up matches customers demand with a move towards blocky compact genetics
Use meat-type sires
Correct matching of feed to genetic potential
Correct environment to allow fulfilment of genetic potential
Taking advantage of any premium markets, i.e. welfare contract note requirements of piglet processing/housing
Short journey time to slaughterhouse
Stress free as possible journey, note stocking density, quality of roads (including your own drive), journey plan
Known slaughter time
Water available both for drinking and cooling
Prompt killing
Last feed 12 hours before killing
Post-weaning disease
Effective health maintenance programs
Attention to suppressing 'nutritional' scours post-weaning
Effective and prompt treatment of compromised pigs to reduce chronic ill thrift pigs, which may end up condemned anyway.
Moving the average dead weight by 1 kg (say 68 to 69 kg) is worth 2300 kg per 100 sows doing 23 pigs per sow per year
What is the P2 measurement?
 - The P1 measurement is taken 4.5 cm from midline
 - The P3 measurement is taken 8.0 cm from midline
 - The P2 measurement is taken 6.5 cm from midline
 - P1, P2 and P3 taken level with the head of the last rib.
 - Rib fat taken 6 cm from the dorsal mid-line between the 3rd and 4th last rib.
Lean meat percentage and EU grades:
S 60% or more
E 55 - 59%
U 50 - 54%
R 45 - 49%
O 40 - 44%
P Less than 40%
 - Lean composition is:
 Protein = 23%
 Fat = 2%
 Water = 75%
 - Aim is to produce a highly desirable quality product time and time again.
 - World meat consumption 1998:
 Pork = 44%
 Beef = 28%
 Poultry = 24%
 Lamb = 4%
 Fish = 0.5%


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Improve UDF and MapReduce development experience using MaxCompute Studio
Created#More Posted time:Nov 15, 2016 10:03 AM
UDF is short for User Defined Function. MaxCompute provides many built-in functions to meet users' computing requirements. It also supports UDF creation to meet custom computing demands of users. There are three types of UDFs available for user extensions: UDF (User Defined Scalar Function), UDTF (User Defined Table Valued Function) and UDAF (User Defined Aggregation Function).
At the same time, MaxCompute also provides the MapReduce programming interface. You can use the Java API provided by MapReduce to compile a MapReduce program for processing data in MaxCompute.
With the end-to-end support provided by MaxCompute Studio, you can quickly start and familiarize yourself with the development of a UDF and a MapReduce program of your own to improve efficiency. Next, we will introduce how to develop a UDF of your own using MaxCompute Studio:
Create a MaxCompute Java module
First, you should create a module in IntelliJ for developing the MaxCompute Java program. The specific steps are: File > New > Module... The module type should be MaxCompute Java. Configure the installation path of the Java JDK and MaxCompute console. Click Next, enter the module name and then click Finish.
There are two main objectives for configuring the console here:
- The compiling of UDF and MapReduce programs is dependent on the related JAR files of the MaxCompute framework. These JAR files are all present in the lib directory of the console. MaxCompute Studio can help you to automatically import these lib files to the dependent library of the module.
- MaxCompute Studio can integrate the console and some actions will be very convenient using the console.
So far, a module for developing a MaxCompute Java program has been established, that is, the jDev shown in the figure below. Its main directories include:
- src (User-developed UDF|Source code directories of the MapReduce program)
- examples (Example code directories, including single test examples. You can refer to the examples here to develop your own programs or compile a single test)
- warehouse (The schema and data required for running locally)
Create a UDF
Suppose our demand for the UDF is to convert the character strings into lower-case strings (the built-in function tolower has implemented this logic. Here we just use this simple demand to illustrate how to develop a UDF using MaxCompute Studio). MaxCompute Studio provides UDF|UDAF|UDTF|Mapper|Reducer|Driver templates. As a result, you only need to compile your own business code and the framework code will be automatically filled in by the templates.
- 1. Right click the src directory, and select New > MaxCompute Java.
- 2. Input the class name, such as myudf.MyLower, and select the kind. Here we choose UDF. Click OK.
- 3. The framework code has been automatically filled in by the template. We only need to compile the function code for converting the character strings into lower-case strings.
Test the UDF
After a UDF or a MapReduce program is developed, the next step is to test your code and check whether it meets the expectation. MaxCompute Studio provides two testing methods:
The Local Run framework provided by MaxCompute is dependent on, and you only need to provide the input data as you do for writing a common single test, and assert the output to conveniently test your own UDF or MapReduce program. There are various single test examples in the examples directory and you can refer to them to compile your unit test. Here we create a new MyLowerTest testing class to test our MyLower:
Sample data testing
Many users have requested to sample some data from online tables to the local machine for testing. MaxCompute Studio also supports this feature. In Editor > UDF kind, right click MyLower.java, click Run menu, and the Run/Debug Configurations dialog box pops up. Configure MaxCompute project, MaxCompute table and Table columns. Here we want to convert the name fields of Table hy_test to lower case:
Click OK, and MaxCompute Studio will first automatically download the sample data from the table through the tunnel to the local warehouse (the highlighted data files in the figure), and then read the data of the specified column and run the UDF locally. You can see the log output and printed result in the console:
Release a UDF
Okay. Our MyLower.java has passed the test. Next we will package it into a JAR resource (this step can be performed using IDE by referring to the user manual) and upload it to the MaxComptute server end:
- 1. In MaxCompute menu, select the Add Resource item:
- 2. Select the MaxCompute project you want to upload the resource to, the JAR file path, the resource name you want to register, and determine whether to force update when the resource or function already exists. Then click OK.
- 3. After the JAR package is successfully uploaded, you can proceed to register the UDF. In the MaxCompute menu, select the Create Function item.
- 4. Select the JAR resource you want to use, select the main class (MaxCompute Studio will automatically parse the main classes contained in the JAR resource for you to choose from), enter the function name and click OK.
Production and usage
The successfully uploaded JAR resource and registered function (you can see this timely in the Resources and Functions nodes of the corresponding project in the Project Explorer, or you can double click the node to display the decompilation source code) are ready for real production and usage. We can open the SQL editor of MaxCompute Studio and enjoy using the mylower function that we just write. The syntax highlighting and display of function signatures are a piece of cake:
MaxCompute Studio's support for MapReduce development process is similar to UDF development. The main differences include:
- The MapReduce program applies to the whole table and the input and output tables are specified in the Driver. So if you use sample data for testing, you only need to specify the project in Run/Debug Configurations.
- After a MapReduce program is developed, you only need to package it into a JAR resource and upload it, without the need to register the program.
- To run the MapReduce program in a real production environment, you can achieve this on the console that has been seamlessly integrated to the MaxCompute Studio. The specific steps are: in the Project Explorer window, right click Project, select Open in Console, and then input the commands similar to the follows in the console command line:
jar -libjars wordcount.jar -classpath D:\odps\clt\wordcount.jar com.aliyun.odps.examples.mr.WordCount wc_in wc_out;


text:
Why the Germans are later 70 than people in other countries – Video
Age is not the same age: In a global study, researchers at the University of Washington evaluated, how old people actually are, the feel 65. FOCUS Online explains where in the world, 46-Year-old the Constitution of a 65-Year-olds have – and as we Germans have cut off.
How old someone is, according to year of birth, that doesn't say much about his actual physical condition. Scientists at the University of Washington (USA) wanted to find out, therefore, where people feel the world's longest-jung.
Complex study of the age
The health scientists evaluated the medical data of the past 30 years, from 195 countries. Important is only the actual, i.e., the chronological age was not. For the first time the researchers pulled information about the biological and psychological Constitution alike. You looked at the fight, when people worldwide with age-specific limitations. So, for example, with cardiovascular disease, bleeding in the brain or respiratory diseases. Also, how long people are mentally fit and well. As a control, the global Burden of Disease Study, the 65-Year-old stood in the centre. The results were in "The Lancet Public Health" published.
The Germans feel that they are 70 years of age, such as 65
The researchers found that the fittest people in Japan and live in Switzerland. There 76 feel-Year-old is still as young as 65. So you are 30 calendar years older than the inhabitants of the poor island state of Papua new Guinea. There are already 46 feel-Year-old ready for retirement. For comparison: the Germans are 70, if you feel like 65. So you are in the world to number 30.
Reports, Videos, backgrounds: From Monday to Friday, provided you FOCUS Online with the most important messages from the health Department. Here you can subscribe to the Newsletter easily and free of charge.


text:
POULTNEY - 16 Green Mountain College students had an oral final exam last week, but their vocabulary was limited to the words "gee," "haw," "whoa," and "back."
The students took Dr. Kenneth Mulder's History and Application of Oxen in Agriculture course, which includes learning how to drive draft animals. At GMC, that would mean issuing commands to Lou and Bill, the college's oxen team.
"Driving oxen is more of an art than a science," said Mulder, GMC's farm manager. "The relationship developed between the student and the animals is key to directing a good working team."
Mulder's course combines classroom lecture and on-farm experience to teach students how to train, care for, and drive oxen, and how to accomplish specific farm tasks using oxen. In spring, summer and fall, Bill and Lou perform all the plowing, mowing, and haying activities commonly performed with tractors and combines. In the winter, the oxen are harnessed up for various heavy lifting jobs around the farm. The class also looks at the economics of draft animals and identify under what conditions draft animals are economically efficient.
Mulder, who completed his dissertation at the University of Vermont's Gund Institute for Ecological Economics, tells students that modern agriculture is extremely inefficient.
"With over 20 calories required to produce and deliver one food calorie to a consumer's plate, capacity to maintain current food production levels while reducing fossil inputs simply doesn't exist," he said.
His students at Green Mountain College have launched an experiment aimed at running a farm on a scale at which a family farmer could make a livable wage, without sacrificing sustainability. An associated goal is to run Green Mountain College's Cerridwen Farm with as few fossil-derived resources as possible with the ultimate target of using no fossil fuels at all. One component is using draft animals.


text:
Wuepper Family History
Wuepper Surname History
This page is the home for a detailed history of the Wuepper surname, Wuepper origins, and stories of Wuepper family members. Wuepper family history has rich origins of which the particulars have been accumulated over the years by Wuepper family researchers. The Wuepper family is an old lineage that has migrated all across the world over the centuries, and as the name Wuepper has spread, it has evolved making its etymology a challenge to unearth.
No content has been submitted here about Wuepper. The following is speculative information about Wuepper. You can submit your information by clicking Edit.
The evolution of Wuepper starts with the origins of thefamily name. Even in the early generations of a name there have been changes in that name simply because surnames were infrequently written down that long ago.
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Meaning of the last name Wuepper
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The meaning of Wuepper come may come from a profession, such as the name "Baker" which refers to the craft of baker. Many of these craft-based surnames might be a profession in another language. Because of this it is essential to know the country of origin of a name, and the languages spoken by its early ancestors. Many names like Wuepper originate from religious texts such as the Bhagavadgītā, the Quran, the Bible, and so forth. Commonly these names relate to a religious expression such as "Grace of God".
- Henry K Wuepper 1922 - 2003
- Grace E Wuepper 1913 - 2003
- Hilda Wuepper 1909 - 1978
- Helene Wuepper 1896 - 1978
- Mary Wuepper 1888 - 1984
- Bernard Wuepper 1892 - 1965
- Rudolph Wuepper 1895 - 1968
- Clarence L Wuepper 1913 - 1992
- Florence J Wuepper 1933 - 2010
- Howard Wuepper 1929 - 1957
- Juanita Wuepper 1909 - 1982
- Earl Wuepper 1908 - 1985
- Kirk J Wuepper 1938 - 1994
- Claude W Wuepper 1919 - 2001
- Dixie S Wuepper 1907 - 1990
- Anna P Wuepper 1923 - 1997
- Emma Wuepper 1903 - 1995
- Edna M Wuepper 1894 - 1991
- Minna Wuepper 1891 - 1981
- Emil J Wuepper 1903 - 1992
Wuepper Family Tree
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More about the name Wuepper
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Wuepper spelling variations
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In times when literacy was uncommon, names such as Wuepper were transcribed based on how they sounded when people's names were recorded in public records. This could have led to misspellings of Wuepper. Knowing spelling variations and alternate spellings of the Wuepper name are important to understanding the possible origins of the name. Family names like Wuepper transform in how they're written as they travel across tribes, family unions, and countries across time.


Bela IV King of Hungary
Bela IV King of Hungary
Komárom-Esztergom, Hungary
Death 3 May 1270 (aged 63)
Budapest, Belváros-Lipótváros, Budapest, Hungary
Burial Székesfehérvár, Székesfehérvári járás, Fejér, Hungary
Memorial ID 66307845 View Source
Suggest Edits
King of Hungary and Crotia, Duke of Styria
Oldest son of King Andrew II and his first of three wives, Gertrude of Merania.
Husband of Maria Laskarina _PHONE_, daughter of Theodore I Laskaris, the Emperor of Nicaea. They married about 1220 and became the parents of:
* Kunigunda b 1224 married Boleslaw the Chaste, Duke of Cracow
* Margaret _PHONE_ unmarried
* Anna b 1226 married Rostislav Mikhailovich of the Rurik dynasty of Russia
* Catherina died unmarried before 1242
* Elizabeth married Henry XIII Duke of Bavaria abt 1245
* Constance married Lev Danylovich abt 1251
* Yolanda married Boleslaw the Pious, Duke of Poland
* Stephen b 1239, succeeded his father
* Margaret b 1242, became a nun
* Bela b 1243 to 1250
His father's rule was so unpopular his son was crowned by a group of prominent noblemen in 1214. In 1220 his father acquiesced and was appointed Bela to be Duke of Slavonia with control over Croatia and Dalmatia. After the Mongols invaded and destroyed much of the lands, Bela made decisions concerning rebuilding, following in the footsteps and philosophy of his grandfather, Bela III, that would win him the title of "second founder."
After Bela's mother was murdered by conspirators 28 Sept 1213, his father executed only the leader and pardoned the remaining members, causing permanent estrangement between the two.
After two years of marriage, Andrew convinced Bela to leave Maria, but the Pope Honorius III refused to declare the marriage annulled. Bela took Maria and fled to Austria to avoid his father's wrath. Eventually the Pope interceded between father and son, Bela took over control of Slavonia, Dalmatia and Croatia. One of Bela's most interesting rules would be to have all the advisor's seats burned so they would have to stand in the presence of their king.
The unease between Bela and his father increased when Andrew married his third wife, Yolanda de Courtenay, about 1198. His father would die in 1235, Bela was crowned 14 October and would accuse his step-mother and his father's advisor, Denis, of adultery, and had them both imprisoned.
Despite unease with his oldest son, as he favored his youngest son, Bela crowned Stephen a junior king. Stephen gathered an army against his father and convinced him to cede him the government of Transylvania in 1258Despite joining forces in 1261 against Bulgaria, father and son would continue their conflicts until two archbishops interceded, and Stephen took control of the Kingdom of the East Danube.
When his youngest and favorite son, Bela, died in 1269, he favored his daughter, Anna, and her husband, now the Prince of Novgood and Tsar of Bulgaria. Bela's will urged his followers to abide by his son-in-law as he still did not trust his first born son, Stephen, who would rule Hungary amidst battles against Anna until his death in on Csepel Island in 1272.
Béla's family was famed for his piety: he died as a Franciscan tertiary, and the veneration of his three saintly daughters—Kunigunda, Yolanda, and Margaret—was confirmed by the Holy See.
Bio by Anne Stevens
Family Members
Siblings Half Siblings
Gravesite Details Find a Grave does not have the capital city of the Hungarian county of Komárom-Esztergom, which it DOES have, so here is the church of his burial: Esztergom Franciscan Minorite Church, Komárom-Esztergom, Hungary. Lat, Long: 48.082086, 19.518007


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It's strange that John mentions that the fish caught by Jesus' disciples in John 21 numbered 153. So what? And who counted them? And why remember it? And even if you remember, why put it in your Gospel account?
Richard Bauckham, who has noticed that the prologue to John contains 496 syllables and the epilogue 496 words (496 is both a perfect and a triangular number), and that the two mini-conclusions to John (20:30-31 and 21:24-25) both contain 43 words, suggests an explanation; here's his conclusion.
We have still not exhausted the significance of the figure 153. It seems also to be linked to the first part of the Gospel's conclusion (20:30-31) in the following way. That passage states that the signs done by Jesus have been recorded in the Gospel so that readers may believe that he is the Messiah, the Son of God, and through believing have life. That, of course, also describes what the catch of 153 fish in the narrative of chapter 21 parabolically illustrates: people coming to faith in Jesus and to new life as children of God. The keywords of 20:30-31 are: sign, believe, Christ, life. Each of these four words occurs for the last time in the Gospel in those verses. If we count the number of occurrences of these words in the whole Gospel up to and including this passage, the results are: sign 17, believe 98, Christ 19, and life 36. The sum of the last three of these numbers is 153. So the number 17 and its 'triangle' 153 are written into the whole Gospel in the form of these word statistics and are implicit in 20:30-31. (R. Bauckham, Testimony of the Beloved Disciple, 280-81)


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Journal or Book Title
Agricultural Finance Review
First Page or Article ID Number
– There is little reason a priori to expect that a cooperative firm's capital needs are different from a non-cooperative firm's needs if the two firms are otherwise similar in function and size and operate within similar market economies. However, the notion that cooperatives face capital constraints that investor-owned firms (IOFs) do not is a persistent theme in the literature. The paper aims to discuss these issues.
– The authors revisit this hypothesis with an empirical examination of capital constraints in a panel data set of US agricultural supply and grain cooperatives and IOFs.
– The findings are mixed. While the authors find little to suggest that cooperatives face financial constraints on borrowing in the short run, relative to IOFs, the authors do find some evidence that for long-term investments, a capital constraint may exist.
– These short and long run differences have implications for the survival and growth of agricultural cooperatives. While in the short run, access to debt financing allows these firms to operative profitably, ultimately long-term large investments in technology and fixed assets will be required to maintain competitiveness in this industry.
Emerald Group Publishing Limited
Li, Ziran; Jacobs, Keri L.; and Artz, Georgeanne M., "The cooperative capital constraint revisited" (2015). Economics Publications. 42.


A employer is looking for C programmers, and I'm told they say that...
Good C design isn't the same as good C++ design
... and so they're looking for candidates experienced with C and not only C++.
How is the design of a large C system (hundreds of thousands or millions of lines of code) very different from that of C++?
Are the skills required of a developer very different, what differences should an experienced developer expect?
I've read Why are most Linux programs written in C? -- including Linus' little "two minute hate" at _URL_ -- but that doesn't answer my question, which might be, "How is a well-designed C system unlike well-designed C++?" Or are they similar, and is Linus' argument all there is to it?
I read Lakos' Large-scale C++ Software Design -- is there anything at all like that for C?
I'm trying to write this such that it isn't a duplicate of:
Please assume I already know the differences between the langages.
I used C in the early 90s (before C++ became popular on PCs), and for writing device drivers on Windows (in the kernel where the C++ run-time library wasn't supported), and I learned C++ incrementally as a superset of C.
IMO there's obvious mapping between C and C++, like what's written in one can be written in the other, for example:
 - C -- a "file pointer" or "file handle", plus an API of related functions which take a handle-or-pointer as a parameter, plus an underlying data structure (possibly hidden/encapsulated) which contains state associated with each handle
 - C++ -- ditto except that "data structure" and "associated functions" and encapsulated in a class, as data members and methods
C++ has additional syntactic and type-checking sugar (e.g. templates and operator overloading), and its destructors allow RAII and reference-counting smart pointers, but apart from that...
And C has no first-class/language support for polymorphism, but e.g. a device driver on Windows is an installable plug-in, which has entry points which it exports, more or less like a vtable.
 - 2
 Pro: C++ does a whole lot of stuff behind the scenes. Con: C++ does a whole lot of stuff behind the scenes. – Caleth Jul 30 '20 at 14:59
 - _USER_ I wasn't asking asking for pros and cons -- I'm asking what difference to expect in the design or architecture of systems implemented using them -- how is the design of a system implemented using C, different from that of one using C++? Apart from differences in syntax and which run-time libraries you're using, is the designer's model different? – ChrisW Jul 30 '20 at 15:06
 - The designer's model is different in that they leave out all the things that C++ does implicitly behind the scenes. They design things to be done implicitly behind the scenes. There is far less repetition of the same idea. – Caleth Jul 30 '20 at 15:10
 - Do you have any suggestions for improving this question? There are two votes to close as "Needs more focus", but I don't know what more (or what less) you'd want me to tell you. – ChrisW Jul 30 '20 at 15:18
 - 1
 The problem with questions like this is that you're asking for context around a statement from people who did not say it. Maybe the person who said it had a specific situation in mind. Maybe it was said by someone who had no idea what they were talking about. How are we to know for sure? – Dan Wilson Jul 30 '20 at 17:49
Look at this Linux kernel code, for an example of well-designed, idiomatic C code. Notice:
 - There is hardly any direct memory allocation or freeing happening in this file. People who are good at object-oriented design but not C design often have malloc and free all over the place because they are not accustomed to minimizing that in their design.
 - These functions are grouped by their semantic meaning. They are the file operations for ext4. People who are good at OO design but not C design tend to create more awkward, syntax-based groupings of functions, like everything that uses a certain type of pointer.
 - The primary data structures in this file are common to all filesystem drivers. People who are good at OO design but not C design tend to create different types for everything, like a struct ext4_inode * instead of just using the struct inode.
 - The data structures are passed into functions. People who are good at OO design but not C design often have difficulty arranging their code so the data flows through the functions like that, without passing everything everywhere. In OO design, classes primarily hold state, not function arguments.
 - There are two virtual function tables at the end of the file, but they are the minimum necessary to provide the abstraction of a filesystem. People who are good at OO design but not C design tend to overuse structures like this, or try to cram a bunch of data in there too, when something simpler will do.
I'm not saying you can't be good at both. Obviously, that's not true, but it's also definitely possible to be good at one and not the other. I could make a similar list for people good at C design but not OO design.
The differences between C and C++ are so large these days that they are two different languages that require differences in how designs are expressed in those languages.
C offers one paradigm, procedural, for writing code where as C++ is multi-paradigm allowing a larger implementation vocabulary for implementing a design. You can use a procedural paradigm or a generative paradigm with templates or object oriented paradigm with classes or a functional paradigm with support from the Standard Template Library.
This difference in supported paradigms means that a C programmer often has to write C code in a procedural paradigm when C++ would offer a better and simpler alternative. The C programmer has to know how to translate from the abstract solution domain which may involve non-procedural concepts into the concrete solution domain within the constraints of what the C programming language offers.
A knowledgeable and skilled and experienced C programmer is quicker at this transformation and more inclined to use accepted practices and expressions. A knowledgeable and skilled and experienced C programmer is better able to read existing source code with understanding and to make changes that have less chance of introducing a defect.
Over the years I have learned from others or developed or found techniques that overcome some of the limitations that C has for large (as in greater than a million lines of source) bodies of source code. However doing so requires knowing C very well and having the experience with the language to work around its deficiencies and experience with other languages to know of those deficiencies in the first place. And often those workarounds provide opportunities for introducing defects by removing compile time checking such as using void * in argument lists.
The first thing to remember is that while the C++ standards committee has made great leaps of innovation in C++ between the original ANSI C++ to C++11 to C++17 to C++20, the C standards committee has made small changes.
The result is that the kind of well designed and organized standard libraries and capabilities available with C++17 require C programmers to cobble together a collection of third party libraries. And C++20 is coming.
The C programming language was not really designed for huge, multi-million lines of source code projects where as C++ is. C was used to write the UNIX operating system yet according to Wikipedia, Unix - Components,
The inclusion of these components did not make the system large – the original V7 UNIX distribution, consisting of copies of all of the compiled binaries plus all of the source code and documentation occupied less than 10 MB and arrived on a single nine-track magnetic tape. The printed documentation, typeset from the online sources, was contained in two volumes.
The namespace directive was added to C++ in order to meet the need of large bodies of source code to be manageable by partitioning out domains for names of classes, types, functions, etc. I've used struct with function pointers and a global variable as a kind of namespace approach for functions but you still can run into name space collisions with types and definitions. This is why the three letter subsystem acronym prefix naming convention is used with large C source code bodies.
C requires much more attention to detail than does modern C++. You can write modern C++ without using pointers and when you do use pointers, you have facilities that make pointers safer than what C offers. The result is that writing large bodies of source code in modern C++ can be much safer than writing in C and the error checking at compile time is better with C++ because the type system is more specific and less loose.
C++ offers more modern error handling than C with exceptions. Using exceptions can make error recovery easier and the use of object destructors allows for a more elegant and simpler cleanup in the face of errors. And you aren't required to use exceptions in those places where they don't make sense.
Encapsulation is easier and more complete with C++ classes and namespaces which leads to source code with better cohesion and less chance for defects.
Class constructors and destructors of C++ provide a capability for a defined starting and ending state that C doesn't have. And the ability to redefine operators allows for the development of true types that provide a straightforward and intuitive expressiveness of C++ source code that C lacks, a lack which requires work arounds and makes


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Vashe® Wound Therapy Solution helps to cleanse the wound and accomplish the goals of wound bed preparation in a biocompatible, safe, effective and natural way. This solution of hypochlorous acid (HOCl), developed through a proprietary electrochemical process, has been rigorously safety tested. Hypochlorous acid acts as a preservative that inhibits microbial contamination within the solution.
- Mimics the normal pH of human skin.
- Cleared for use on acute and chronic lesions.
- Non-cytotoxic, non-irritating, non-sensitizing and no oral toxicity.
- No clinical contraindications for use.
- Moistens and lubricates absorbent wound dressings, such as Drawtex hydroconductive wound dressing.
- Indications: For cleansing, irrigating, moistening, debridement and removal of foreign material including microorganisms and debris from exudating and/or dirty wounds, acute and chronic dermal lesions, such as Stage I to IV pressure ulcers, stasis ulcers, diabetic ulcers, post-surgical wounds, first and second degree burns, abrasions, minor irritations of the skin, diabetic foot ulcers, ingrown toe nails, grafted and donor sites, and exit sites.
- Reduces odor.
Image shown for reference purposes only. Actual product appearance may vary. Please read product description for full and accurate details.


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|Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos)
The Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) is one of the best known birds of prey in the Northern Hemisphere. Like all eagles, it belongs to the family Accipitridae. Once distributed across North America, Europe and Asia, it has disappeared from many of the more heavily populated areas.
The Golden Eagle is one of twelve species of large predominantly dark-coloured eagles in the genus Aquila found worldwide; a large brown bird of prey, it has a wingspan averaging over 2 m (7 ft) and up to 1m (3 ft) in body length.


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ChristianAnswers.Net WebBible Encyclopedia
The name of a man and a place…
A descendant of Judah, of whom it is recorded that "God granted him that which he requested" after he called on Him. He was apparently an honorable head of a family in the tribe of Judah. He was given this name by his mother, "Because I bare him with sorrow." Jabez only appears in these two verses:
"And Jabez was more honourable than his brethren: and his mother called his name Jabez, saying, Because I bare him with sorrow. And Jabez called on the God of Israel, saying, Oh that thou wouldest bless me indeed, and enlarge my coast, and that thine hand might be with me, and that thou wouldest keep me from evil, that it may not grieve me! And God granted him that which he requested" (1 Chronicles 4:9-10).
A place inhabited by several families of the scribes (1 Chr. 2:55).


Unidentified Late Hellenistic Buildings (1-3)
by Anandi Salinas
6 years ago
Late Hellenistic period, 2nd century B.C. or later
Western Hill
Local vuggy crystalline limestone with marble thresholds
Western Hill Bldg 3
Three relatively small, rectangular buildings made of local sandstone are aligned along the western perimeter of the Sanctuary, north of the Stoa on the Western Hill and west of the large unfinished Hellenistic structure (Building A) of an earlier date. The northern two buildings (1 and 2) faced each other, while the southern-most building (3) was oriented toward the south. Building 1, the largest, had a hexastyle prostyle porch, most likely of the Doric order. Building 2 had a porch composed of two columns in antis. In Building 3, pillars rather than columns formed the two supports of the façade. In scale and design these three buildings resemble treasuries found at other Greek sanctuaries such as Delphi, Olympia, Nemea and Delos. However, their function at Samothrace remains uncertain.
Wescoat_39 map Building 3Bibliography:
Lehmann, K. 1998. Samothrace: A Guide to the Excavations and the Museum. 6th ed., rev. J.R. McCredie. Thessaloniki, p. 113.
McCredie, J. R. 1979. "Samothrace; Supplementary Investigations, _PHONE_," Hesperia pp. 24-26.