text:
Women Who Exercise More and Watch Less TV Tend to Be Happier
A study of almost 50,000 women over a 14-year period found older women who exercised more and spent less time watching television were the least likely to be diagnosed with depression.
What's more, the study results published in the American Journal of Epidemiology also revealed women who exercised at least 90 minutes per day were 20 percent less likely to be depressed than those who exercised 10 minutes or less per day.
This could be explained by the endorphins released during exercise, as well as the boost in self-esteem more physically-active women often experience.
While television in and of itself couldn't be linked to depression, women who spent three hours or more in front of the tube every day were 13 percent more likely to be diagnosed with depression. These results may be due to those women spending their free time watching TV instead of exercising. It's also possible that they might have been experiencing some symptoms of depression before they were diagnosed, leading them to exercise less.
"[This] adds to the growing body of evidence that physical activity is important to maintain brain health," said Gillian Mead, who studies geriatric medicine at Edinburgh's Royal Infirmary.


When Chiropractors work with Medical Doctors, fee-splitting issues arise
When Chiropractors work with Medical Doctors, fee-splitting issues arise. This is like Harry met Sally without the New Year's scene.
Chiropractor Courts Medical Doctor for Multidisciplinary, Integrative Medicine Clinic
Harry DC, a chiropractor in California, New York, Texas, Massachusetts, or some other state courts Sally MD, a medical doctor, to establish a partnership founding a multidisciplinary, integrative medicine clinic. In fact they want to also bring on Tom, an acupuncturist, and Tina, a Reiki practitioner.
The reason Harry wants Sally is because his chiropractic patients often have a lot of pain and require an MD who can prescribe pain relief drugs. Harry has been referring many chiropractic patients to Dr. Sally, but he'd rather make money off these referrals.
Harry knows that if he asks Sally to give him money for every referral, this would be a prohibited kickback.
He also knows that having an MD in-house will help him market his chiropractic practice.
Harry asks us the following questions:
 - Do I have to create a professional medical or chiropractic corporation? Which one?
 - If I create a medical management company (MSO), how much can I charge? What percentage of revenues are acceptable?
 - How do I manage risks of kickbacks and fee-splitting and of corporate practice of medicine?
 - Is my state friendly or unfriendly to a multidisciplinary model of care where chiropractors and physcians work side-by-side, and share ownership?
 - Does it matter if the patient sees the chiropractor first, or the medical doctor first?
Laws governing professional corporations, kickbacks and fee-splitting are relevant
When reviewing any question about legal parameters of integrative care, or about any innovative arrangement in medicine or chiropractic or another healthcare profession, it's good to review the underlying legal rules.
For example, let's take a look at Massachusetts law, which can be quirky. Searching the law for professional corporations yields some different results.
Massachusetts defines "medical service corporation" (176B) as a corporation organized for the purpose of establishing and operating a non-profit medical service plan. That doesn't sound quite right.
On the other hand, "professional corporations" (156a) is a better place to look. Section 3 says that a professional organization may be organized "only for the purpose of rendering professional services and services ancillary thereto within a single profession."
Right off the bat, this rule sounds different than the Moscone-Knox Professional Corporations Act in California.
In California, we'd have several different options:
 - A professional medical corporation, where the MDs own 51% or more and the other providers (for example, chiropractor(s)) own up to 49%.
 - A professional chiropractic corporation, where the chiropractors own 51% or more and the medical doctors own up to 49%.
Assuming this is allowable, the question is whether it's of strategic advantage to Harry, the initiating chiropractor.
We'll come back to this question. Let's turn to fee-splitting. Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 175H provides:
Section 3. (a) Any person who solicits or receives any remuneration, directly or indirectly, overtly or covertly, in cash or in kind in return for purchasing, leasing, ordering or arranging for or recommending purchasing, leasing, or ordering of any good, facility, service, or item for which payment is or may be made in whole or in part by a health care insurer, or any person who offers or pays any remuneration, including any bribe or rebate, except as provided in subsection (b), directly or indirectly, overtly or covertly, in cash or in kind to induce any person to purchase, lease, order or arrange for or recommend purchasing, leasing or ordering of any good, facility, service, or item for which payment is or may be made in whole or in part by a health care insurer, shall be punished by a fine of not more than ten thousand dollars, or by imprisonment in a jail or house of correction for not more than two and one-half years or in the state prison for not more than five years, or by both such fine and imprisonment, and may be held liable in a civil action under section seven.
It's not clear from the statutory language itself whether an arrangement that contemplates an MSO receiving compensation at fair market value (FMV) for its services, at a percentage of gross revenues, would be allowed or would constitute illegal fee-splitting.
Sometimes the rules are very clear and sometimes they are ambiguous but one can interpret the rules to support a defensible position. Sometimes it's best for counsel to contact the appropriate regulatory Board and get an informal read. The situation is much clearer in California, where Business & Professions Code Section 650(b) explicitly allows an MSO arrangement as a percentage of gross revenues at fair market value.
Harry, the chiropractor, has several options here:
 - Create a professional chiropractic corporation and if allowed, either hire the MD and/or give the MD shares in the professional corporation. The risk of this strategy is that even if technically allowed, the chiropractor could be viewed as intruding into the practice of medicine (by virtue of owning the corporation and/or employing the MD). This could be an unlicensed practice / corporate practice of medicine issue.
 - Create a professional medical corporation where Sally MD owns 51%. The downside here is giving the MD control. In either case, contracts would need to be carefully drafted so that Harry retains control of the intellectual property and Sally doesn't walk away with it.
 - Harry could rent space to Sally, under the umbrella of his integrative care center. He would need to put certain things in place to distance himself from liability for Sally's negligence. He could probably get paid a flat fee at fair market value for marketing Sally's medical practice.
 - Create an MSO and possibly give Sally equity, if she has a separate, non-clinical role in the MSO that adds value.
Harry and Sally can have a life of happiness together (professionally), but it's less about infatuation and more about careful legal planning.
Whether you're a medical doctor, chiropractor, acupuncturist, massage therapist, Reiki or energy healing practitioner, nutritionist, homeopathic doctor, or another healing arts provider, contact us with legal questions about setting up an interdisciplinary or integrative clinical care center.
In the real world, Harry booked a one-hour consultation, and then proposed a compliant arrangement to Sally. Harry hired our firm to draft the necessary agreements and Sally signed.
And they lived happily ever after.
And, if you go to New York or Massachusetts or California you will find their integrative center flourishing, in its many locations, branded under Harry's carefully chosen name.
The End.
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Movie info: _URL_
Follow the question to write a good 3 pages
1. The film takes place during Japan-occupied Korea. What role does the character of Count Fujiwara play in this context? How does it portray the Japanese people as a whole?
2. The film is undeniably a psychological game play of human relations. How would you interpret the relationship which develops between Sook-Hee and her mistress, Lady Hideko? What does it say about gender roles and family values? Have they become obsolete? Does it criticize the failure of contemporary men? If so, how so?
3. Does the film portray an honest relationship between the characters? Rather, can you perceive these characters being real individuals or do their personalities fall short of realism in favor of melodrama?
4. How does the film portray dysfunctional contemporary behavior? What statement does Hideko's story make about contemporary relations?
5. How does the plot unfold? is it due to chance or cause and effect?

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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The first rugby matches in the country are believed to have been played by European and Fijian soldiers of the native constabulary at Ba.
Constabulary and Civil Service were two of the earliest clubs as teams from visiting warships provided regular opposition.
By 1904 a club competition had been formed, but the man who inspired the growth of the sport arrived in Fiji in 1913 - PJ Sheehan.
Sheehan - known to all as 'Paddy' - was a New Zealand plumber who came to Suva to work on the Grand Pacific Hotel.
He was a former captain of Otago, and, with his fellow tradesmen from New Zealand and Australia desperate for a sporting release, he formed the Pacific Rugby Club.
Fijian fans are amongst the most passionate in the world
United Services, Cadets and Rewa clubs soon followed, the four teams together forming the Fijian Rugby Union under the chairmanship of Sheehan.
In 1913 Pacific won the first Escott Shield, a trophy donated by the then-governor Sir Ernest Bickham Sweet-Escott.
The All Blacks arrived in December on their way home from a tour of California, and they met Fiji for that country's first representative match.
New Zealand ran out 67-3 winners, Fiji's only points a try from their captain and coach Sheehan.
The native islanders were fascinated by the sport and - though they struggled to come to terms with some of the technicalities - quickly took to it themselves.
A native competition was started in 1914, Taipou, Tarirere, Hill and Ofisa (Police) the first clubs.
A Fiji Native Union was formed in 1915, which was affiliated to the Fiji RFU.
Punting and palm trees make a potent mix
The first overseas game was played in 1924 against south sea neighbours Samoa in Apia.
The game kicked off at 7am to allow the home team to get to work afterwards and the pitch's most striking feature was a palm tree on the half-way line, but Fiji overcame all obstacles to run out 6-0 winners.
The islanders took the sensible decision to wear boots for the first time ahead of the 1938 visit of New Zealand Maori, but many still preferred to go barefoot on the first tour of New Zealand the following year.
Fiji's captain for that tour, Ratu Sir George Cakobau, decided that his side should have a war dance to rival the Haka.
He approached Ratu Bola, the high chief of the warrior clan of Navusaradave in Bau, who taught them the Cibi that has been Fiji's pre-match ritual ever since.
The islanders won seven of their games on tour and drew the other one, thrilling the New Zealand media with their free running and crash tackling.
1977 proved a jubilee year for Fiji, including a 25-21 win over the Lions on their return from the tour of New Zealand.
But it has been in the sevens game that the islanders have really left their mark on world rugby and in that year they won the second Hong Kong Sevens tournament.
Fiji's sevens prowess is world-renowned
Over the succeeding years Fiji would vie with New Zealand for dominance of the world sevens circuit, the islanders' athleticism and adventure proving a potent mix.
The technical demands of the 15-a-side game continued to be a struggle, though, their plight not helped by a drain of some of their best players to Australia and New Zealand.
Fiji played their first full Test against Wales in Cardiff in 1985, the home pack dominating in a 40-3 win with two tries to Phil Davies.
Fiji were also heavily beaten by Llanelli and Cardiff, but lost by just one point in their Test with Ireland.
Wales visited Suva the following year, where captain Dai Pickering's summer tour was brought to a premature end when he suffered concussion from a kick to the head.
Richard Moriarty took over and saw his side's 13-0 lead cut to a single point before Wales pulled away for a 15-22 win.
Fiji reached the quarter-final of the 1987 World Cup, but lost all three pool games in 1991 and failed to even qualify for the 1995 tournament.
Wales' third Test win over the islanders came in Suva in 1994. The tourists fielded a much-changed line-up to allow all their squad a game, but they were good enough to run out 23-8 victors.
Veitayaki is a talisman of Fijian rugby
Fiji's huge prop and talisman Joeli Veitayaki - who was later to join Dunvant - scored a try in the match.
Fiji had a troubled tour of Wales and Ireland in 1995, losing six of nine games with defeat to Neath, Cardiff and Pontypridd.
They ran Wales close at the Arms Park, though, Kevin Bowring marking his debut as Wales' first professional coach with a 19-15 win in which Craig Quinnell made his debut as a blind-side flanker.
Fiji rebuilt ahead of the 1999 World Cup, new coach Brad Johnstone instilling a Kiwi's discipline and determination into their set-piece play.
A hugely impressive tournament followed, a controversial refereeing performance from Paddy O'Brien felt to have cost them a win over France in Toulouse and a quarter-final spot.
A brave 45-24 play-off loss to England at Twickenham followed, and soon after the tournament Johnstone departed for Italy.
Wales have a 100% record against Fiji
Fiji's next game with Wales came at the Millennium Stadium in November 2002.
Critics of Wales coach Steve Hansen were vociferous in the build-up, but two Mark Jones tries and 21 points from the boot of Stephen Jones helped the home side to a comfortable 58-14 win.
Fiji were again unfortunate to miss out on a World Cup quarter-final place in 2003, Scotland edging them out with a 22-20 victory in the final pool game.
Mike Ruddock's Grand Slam-holding Wales side had a major wobble against the islanders in November 2005, needing a late Nicky Robinson drop goal to sneak an 11-10 Millennium Stadium win.
But Wales remained confident of retaining a 100% record over Fiji in their final game of the 2007 World Cup group stages in Nantes.
Incredibly, Wales chose to take on the islanders at their own running game, the approach summing up the shambolic leadership structure that had prevailed in the squad since Ruddock's controversial departure in 2006.
A spectacular, see-saw game resulted, before a last-gasp Graham Dewes try sealed a famous 34-38 victory for Fiji that saw them into the quarter-finals at Wales' expense, leading to Gareth Jenkins' prompt dismissal as coach.
Wales fared little better at home in November 2010, Seremaia Bai's last-gasp penalty giving the visitors a 16-16 draw after an error-strewn game at the Millennium Stadium.
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source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


[b-greek] re: To be born of water
From: Jack Kilmon (_EMAIL_)
Date: Fri Sep 15 2000 - 13:52:04 EDT
----- Original Message -----
From: "Chris Core"
Cc: "Biblical Greek"
Sent: Friday, September 15, 2000 2:29 AM
Subject: [b-greek] re: To be born of water
> I also don't know of an idiom, but if it was a common Hebrew idiom, it
would fit
> with the statement "Born again". The second birth is of the spirit so the
birth that
> precedes it must be the natural birth otherwise actual first birth is not
> counted, or else the term "born again" doesn't refer to a second birth but
a third,
> but I see that as doubtful and the emphasis on being born of the Spirit.
> in Christ -chris
"Born again" is a 2 dimensional western translation but the Semitic
languages are
more 3 dimensional and other meanings are often intended. Aramaic Min d'rish
can also
mean "from the first beginning" This is the same root as bereshit at Genesis
1:1 and lo and behold
Genesis 1:2 speaks of the breath of God moving upon the face of the WATERS.
mystical Jesus appears to be telling Nicodemus to start the creation process
all over again.


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Recent wildfires in Minnesota and Wisconsin highlight the threat to homes and property in communities across the Midwest. According to news reports, the Germann Road Fire in Douglas and Bayfield Counties in northwest Wisconsin burned 9,000 acres while just across the border in northern Minnesota, the Green Valley Fire has consumed more than 7,000 acres. Dry and windy conditions continue to contribute to an outbreak of wildfires across both states, and many homes and commercial properties remain under threat.
The Germann Road Fire is one of the largest Wisconsin has seen in the last couple of decades, according to the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. Red-flag warnings have been issued across most of Wisconsin and Minnesota, and residents are being urged to use extreme caution when participating in outdoor activities including camping.
Many local residents, however, have already taken steps to reduce their wildfire risk. Using proven principles for wildfire safety, 15 communities in Wisconsin and 14 in Minnesota have participated for several years in the national Firewise Communities/USA® Recognition Program. Located about 10 miles northwest of the Germann Road Fire in Wisconsin, Potawatomi Estates has been a recognized Firewise Communities/USA site since 2010.
A list of all Wisconsin and Minnesota Firewise-recognized sites can be found on the Firewise website.
Wildfire doesn't have to burn everything in its path. A comprehensive Firewise tips checklist for homeowners is available, along with tips on how to reduce your risk.
Video from DNR in Minnesota on the importance of being Firewise.


Full disclosure: When should you reveal a disability at work?
 - 30 April 2014
A man's hand holds a pen hovering over a form, with the question "Do you consider yourself to have a disability?"
The OED defines "disclosure" as the action of making new or secret information known. But for disabled people, it tends to have a more specific usage - one that causes much soul-searching and indecision.
What is disclosure?
It's never far from a disabled jobseeker's mind and usually comes to the fore when filling in a job application form. It's the word used to describe that tricky situation that many people with disabilities will recognise - do I choose to tell a potential employer that I am disabled or not?
When do you disclose?
There's usually an invitation to declare your disability on applications, in the bit about "equal opportunities" called a monitoring form. The Equality and Human Rights Commission says that employers must not base decisions about who to take further into the application process on the information people give in this section. They also advise HR staff not to pass the monitoring form on to the person making recruitment decisions. But some disabled people still feel that sharing the information too early does invite discrimination and could cost them an interview. So, why tell if you don't have to? Why not wait and let them find out once you're in front of them?
Could disclosure be a good thing?
Billy Saunders thinks so. He recently got creative with his job search and uploaded a video CV to YouTube, with help from a mentor. In it, he is completely up front about his disabilities. "It's a way of telling people who you are, what you can do and what people might see as barriers," Saunders says. "If you give them advance warning that you are visually impaired, then they aren't going to get you to fly a plane."
Saunders' CV includes footage of him using specialist technology, playing piano and showing off his talent for figuring out the exact day of any date in any given year. It was created by small recruitment agency A Potential Diamond, which helps people with autism, Asperger syndrome or mild learning disabilities find work. The video had 293 views in its first three days.
If you don't give advanced warning, you won't necessarily get an accessible interview. The room could be too small or upstairs, which would cause problems for wheelchair users or with mobility impairments. Assessment tests may be unreadable or cause difficulty if you're dyslexic or have vision difficulties. The interview itself may even be difficult if, for instance, you're hearing impaired and there is no loop, or if it is held in a room that echoes.
Should I disclose?
For Kate Nash, who works with businesses on how they treat disabled staff, disclosure is a personal choice. "To get the workplace adjustment that you need, you have to share personal information," says Nash, who has also written a book on sharing information about disability with employers. "But there are lots of people who manage their impairment themselves."
Nash, who has arthritis, does disclose. "I would choose to be my best self at interview and if it is relevant to the job I'd say right at the end that I have arthritis and what that means. And then I tell them that 'of course I want to make it as easy as possible for you to recruit me. If you do appoint me, I'd be keen to talk about the adjustments I might need'."
Adjustments might include flexible working hours, specialist equipment, or help from a support worker or interpreter.
But if someone becomes disabled while already working, deciding when to disclose can be tricky. Nash says many newly disabled people are getting used to their situation and that sometimes they need to "practise telling their story" before they share it with anyone else.
Is disclosure a helpful term?
Some people call it a declaration. Kate Nash doesn't think either are good words. "To disclose something suggests that you have a secret," says Nash, "and if you declare something, that sounds like you've got a huge piece of news. This is language that we as disabled people might choose to use for ourselves and that's OK, because that's how it feels."
But she says that employers shouldn't use it because "it perpetuates those notions".
"Disclosure" and "declaration" are particularly off-putting words for people who are still getting used to disability, adds Nash. "Language that suggests you're having something that's a bit of a problem might stop you from sharing the information that gets you the adjustments you need."


You need to print this sentence after following amendments: (i) Put a single space between these words. Jul 31 '06 #2. Advertise Use Ctrl+Left/Right to switch messages, Ctrl+Up/Down to switch threads, Ctrl+Shift+Left/Right to switch pages. 3. 10 Years Ago. Spacing can be added using HTML and CSS by 3 approaches: Method 1: Using the special characters designated for different spaces. How to add spaces to a dynamic string in a string builder for a specific length field in ASP.NET with C#? Select Layout or Page Layout. The next issue is to compute all the possible permutations. In one loop, we can assign the new sentence array from old sentence char by char. The cin operator alone will only allow entry up to the first whitespace. I hope this is the challenging question. You must be signed in to add attachments Extra spaces between words after applying a text wrap. 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Deviding the string to 3 parts: the entry, left and right, Calling the method on the other two parts recursively, Comparing current score and temporary score, Last Visit: 31-Dec-99 19:00 Last Update: 9-Jan-21 11:02. On the contrary, there is no need to give any space in the following statement with the output operator. Anybody know the easiest way to do this. T… To avert this Add or select a tab stop, and then select leader character option under Leader you want displayed. If you want to apply Find and Replace function to remove extra spaces, you can do it by follows:. Word spacing in typography refers to the size of the space between words. … >Please be sure to have complete working code. >(2) Your output has an added space at the end of the string. (A space after the 'D' and a space after the original space.) 1. To add it, use LINQ as we have done below − As it turned out, these conditions provide the correct solution most of the times. For example, while writing 'int main()', it is necessary to give a space between int and main() (as they are two different words). All I want to do is add spaces to a string I'm displaying in label? Change the line spacing. Normally, HTML will only display one space between words, no … Any help is appreciated in advance. Right-click the style you want to change and select Modify. ellipsis will also add a set of three dots at the end. how to add name space datamanager. To add space just add a margin value to the list item. In addition, /\1 / is the same as /&, and will add one white-space. Docs, Microsoft Windows, Personal use. meaningful characters: implementing the. { Carl Daniel [VC++ MVP] gdjoshua wrote: New to C##.. All I want to do is add … How do you add spaces between numbers to output in C++? 4. I've created a script file that needed to changes an attribute string to "May 28, 2004". >Please be sure to have complete working code. The C++ compiler generally ignores whitespace, with a few minor exceptions (when processing text literals). It's not the string, it's the method of getting the input. Switching to single spacing is hard for your fingers to remember. vertical-align. for(i = 0; i
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IUCN threat status:
Not evaluated
Brief Summary
Read full entry
Cyperaceae is a plant family commonly known as the sedges, which is comprised of approximately 5500 species. Stems are unjointed and typically triangular in cross section, with solid pith throughout. Leaves are three-ranked or tristichous. Fruits are in the form of an achene or nut.
Species most commonly occur in wetlands, although some are found in upland locations, and in some cases are obtrusive to crops; Benzothiadiazoles are typically the herbicides of choice to control unwanted Cyperaceae.
Supplier: C. Michael Hogan


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Hippocampal volume loss in depression reflects glial loss
Depression has been associated with reduced volume of the hippocampus in magnetic resonance imaging studies in humans. A new study now clarifies the cellular basis of these volumetric changes, which have been unclear until now. Beginning in the 1980s, a series of studies in rodents suggested that an area of the hippocampus, a brain region implicated in mood and memory, was particularly vulnerable to stress. When analyzing the brain tissue in detail, they reported loss of nerve cells called neurons with stress.
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In the theory of partial differential equations, elliptic operators are differential operators that generalize the Laplace operator. They are defined by the condition that the coefficients of the highest-order derivatives be positive, which implies the key property that the principal symbol is invertible, or equivalently that there are no real characteristic directions.
Elliptic operators are typical of potential theory, and they appear frequently in electrostatics and continuum mechanics. Elliptic regularity implies that their solutions tend to be smooth functions (if the coefficients in the operator are smooth). Steady-state solutions to hyperbolic and parabolic equations generally solve elliptic equations.
A linear differential operator L of order m on a domain in Rd given by
is called elliptic if for every x in and every non-zero in Rd,
In many applications, this condition is not strong enough, and instead a uniform ellipticity condition may be imposed for operators of degree m = 2k:
where C is a positive constant. Note that ellipticity only depends on the highest-order terms.
A nonlinear operator
is elliptic if its first-order Taylor expansion with respect to u and its derivatives about any point is a linear elliptic operator.
- Example 1
- The negative of the Laplacian in Rd given by
- is a uniformly elliptic operator. The Laplace operator occurs frequently in electrostatics. If ρ is the charge density within some region Ω, the potential Φ must satisfy the equation
- Example 2
- Given a matrix-valued function A(x) which is symmetric and positive definite for every x, having components aij, the operator
- is elliptic. This is the most general form of a second-order divergence form linear elliptic differential operator. The Laplace operator is obtained by taking A = I. These operators also occur in electrostatics in polarized media.
- Example 3
- For p a non-negative number, the p-Laplacian is a nonlinear elliptic operator defined by
- A similar nonlinear operator occurs in glacier mechanics. The Cauchy stress tensor of ice, according to Glen's flow law, is given by
- for some constant B. The velocity of an ice sheet in steady state will then solve the nonlinear elliptic system
- where ρ is the ice density, g is the gravitational acceleration vector, p is the pressure and Q is a forcing term.
Elliptic regularity theorem
Let L be an elliptic operator of order 2k with coefficients having 2k continuous derivatives. The Dirichlet problem for L is to find a function u, given a function f and some appropriate boundary values, such that Lu = f and such that u has the appropriate boundary values and normal derivatives. The existence theory for elliptic operators, using Gårding's inequality and the Lax–Milgram lemma, only guarantees that a weak solution u exists in the Sobolev space Hk.
This situation is ultimately unsatisfactory, as the weak solution u might not have enough derivatives for the expression Lu to even make sense.
The elliptic regularity theorem guarantees that, provided f is square-integrable, u will in fact have 2k square-integrable weak derivatives. In particular, if f is infinitely-often differentiable, then so is u.
Any differential operator exhibiting this property is called a hypoelliptic operator; thus, every elliptic operator is hypoelliptic. The property also means that every fundamental solution of an elliptic operator is infinitely differentiable in any neighborhood not containing 0.
As an application, suppose a function satisfies the Cauchy-Riemann equations. Since the Cauchy-Riemann equations form an elliptic operator, it follows that is smooth.
General definition
Let be a (possibly nonlinear) differential operator between vector bundles of any rank. Take its principal symbol with respect to a one-form. (Basically, what we are doing is replacing the highest order covariant derivatives by vector fields.)
We say is weakly elliptic if is a linear isomorphism for every non-zero.
We say is (uniformly) strongly elliptic if for some constant,
for all and all. It is important to note that the definition of ellipticity in the previous part of the article is strong ellipticity. Here is an inner product. Notice that the are covector fields or one-forms, but the are elements of the vector bundle upon which acts.
The quintessential example of a (strongly) elliptic operator is the Laplacian (or its negative, depending upon convention). It is not hard to see that needs to be of even order for strong ellipticity to even be an option. Otherwise, just consider plugging in both and its negative. On the other hand, a weakly elliptic first-order operator, such as the Dirac operator can square to become a strongly elliptic operator, such as the Laplacian. The composition of weakly elliptic operators is weakly elliptic.
Weak ellipticity is nevertheless strong enough for the Fredholm alternative, Schauder estimates, and the Atiyah–Singer index theorem. On the other hand, we need strong ellipticity for the maximum principle, and to guarantee that the eigenvalues are discrete, and their only limit point is infinity.
See also
- Hopf maximum principle
- Elliptic complex
- Hyperbolic partial differential equation
- Ultrahyperbolic wave equation
- Parabolic partial differential equation
- Semi-elliptic operator
- Weyl's lemma
- Note that this is sometimes called strict ellipticity, with uniform ellipticity being used to mean that an upper bound exists on the symbol of the operator as well. It is important to check the definitions the author is using, as conventions may differ. See, e.g., Evans, Chapter 6, for a use of the first definition, and Gilbarg and Trudinger, Chapter 6, for a use of the second.
- Evans, L. C. (2010), Partial differential equations, Graduate Studies in Mathematics 19 (2nd ed.), Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society, ISBN 978-0-8218-4974-3, MR _PHONE_
Rauch, J. (2000). "Partial differential equations, by L. C. Evans" (pdf). Journal of the American Mathematical Society 37 (3): 363–367.
- Gilbarg, D.; Trudinger, N. S. (1983), Elliptic partial differential equations of second order, Grundlehren der Mathematischen Wissenschaften 224 (2nd ed.), Berlin, New York: Springer-Verlag, ISBN 978-3-540-13025-3, MR 737190
- Shubin, M. A. (2001), "Elliptic operator", in Hazewinkel, Michiel, Encyclopedia of Mathematics, Springer, ISBN 978-1-55608-010-4


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|Address||P.O. Box 219 Batavia, IL 60510|
Build a simple electrochemical cell using orange juice and copper and magnesium metal. The resulting spontaneous oxidation– reduction reaction will generate enough electricity to power a battery-operated clock. What makes the clock work? How long will the clock run? What happens if the metals are reversed? Use this demonstration to promote inquiry, inspire wonder, and highlight the process of scientific discovery.


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Stay informed with daily news and our newsletters!Learn more
Level: Grades 3 to 7
In this lesson, students explore the gratuitous use of violence in televised sports. The lesson begins with a class discussion about the sports that students participate in, and the rules and consequences that relate to unsporting behaviour. Students then discuss how professional athletes conduct themselves in TV sporting events, and whether the same consequences seem to apply. Students look at the "business" side of televised sports, and how violence is used to engage and attract viewers. Through a series of activities, students determine which professional athletes are role models, and which deserve a visit to the "penalty box."
Students will demonstrate:
This lesson and all associated documents (handouts, overheads, backgrounders) is available in an easy-print, pdf kit version.
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Biped robot walking control on inclined planes with fuzzy parameter adaptation
Yılmaz, Metin and Seven, Utku and Erbatur, Kemalettin (2010) Biped robot walking control on inclined planes with fuzzy parameter adaptation. In: IFAC Workshop Adaptation and Learning in Control and Signal Processing (ALCOSP 2010), Antalya, Turkey
The bipedal structure is suitable for a robot functioning in the human environment, and assuming assistive roles. However, the bipedal walk is a poses a difficult control problem. Walking on even floor is not satisfactory for the applicability of a humanoid robot. This paper presents a study on bipedal walk on inclined planes. A Zero Moment Point (ZMP) based reference generation technique is employed. The orientation of the upper body is adjusted online by a fuzzy logic system to adapt to different walking surface slopes. This system uses a sampling time larger than the one of the joint space position controllers. A newly defined measure of the oscillatory behavior of the body pitch angle and the average value of the pelvis pitch angle are used as inputs to the fuzzy adaptation system. A 12-degrees-of-freedom (DOF) biped robot model is used in the full-dynamics 3-D simulations. Simulations are carried out on even floor and inclined planes with different slopes. The results indicate that the fuzzy adaptation algorithms presented are successful in enabling the robot to climb slopes of 5.6 degrees (10 percent).
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text: A total of around 760.000 Soviet citizens were buried in Germany as a result of the Second World War, most of them soldiers of the Soviet Army and forced labourers. The Soviet-Russian Second World War Cemetery Simmerath-Rurberg holds the remains 2.322 of them – men, women and children. Only fifty-five of them rest in individual graves, the others in mass graves. Just a small number is known by name. Here in Simmerath-Rurberg almost all of the buried were also prisoners of war or forced labourers. They died in consequence of hardship in the labour camps or as a result of Allied bomb strikes. After the war was over many small Soviet cemeteries were established all over Germany. The Volksbund Deutsche Kriegsgräberfürsorge united 38 of these cemeteries in the region of Monschau, Erkelenz, Geilenkirchen, Aachen, Jülich, Düren and Schleiden in Germany and Rurberg in Belgium. Most of the dead were transferred from Düren, where in the course of the war 1.522 forced labourers died in arms factories. The Simmerath-Rurberg Cemetery was officially opened in 1961.


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A view can become a page or a block. There is no difference in work between a page and a block. A page needs a path to display the page. A block is assigned to a region to display the page. There might be a few seconds different to set them up. After that, you can blocks in far more ways than usually shown in tutorials.
Blocks have their uses including constructing complex pages. The content of a page is usually the content of a node in the content region. A view replaces the node to display a list or some other small variation of content.
Next you are asked to make the view more complicated. You scratch your head. What you really need is a collection of views displaying different content. You could use panels and a bunch of other complex approaches. Think about the format again.
If you want a list of different views. You can make each one a block then place them one after the other down the page. Consider a shop.
A shop might list the top selling product in each category with a view sorted by category. The marketing manager then asks for the categories in a different order. The CEO wants some categories to list the top three. The product manager wants one category to list only one product but all the colours for the product.
You could make each category a separate view with each view in a block. Each view can have different criteria. You can give your CEO, sales manager, and marketing manager access to the block admin page and let them fight over the sequence of the blocks.
What method do you use to determine when to use multiple views?
Use the one view when you list data one set of data. Use multiple views when people want different data selection. For example, some product categories have colours but not all product categories. Some product categories have multiple packs but not all product categories.
If the one list has to be by category then colour or pack size and all the products use the same content type, you could use one view to sort by category then colour then pack size. There will be no overlap or conflict or missing data.
The same list becomes more complicated when each product category has a different content type and each content type has a different set of attributes. You might be able to product one list in one view but it will be sensitive to change and management will want change. Start with two views or more views stacked as blocks to form one list.
Another example is a book shop where novels have different descriptions and content types compared to other books. Cook books may have a special content type to allow listing by food type, country, major ingredients, and the reality television show paying for the cook book.
If the data is exactly the same for each view but the display is different, consider multiple displays on one view. The technique is described in another page. you make the first view a page to list the data and validate your data selection. You then add some displays to create the blocks. Each display might vary by as little as selecting a different content type.
Top ten lists are popular and soon take up too much space. People start talking about variations. Perhaps the top three items, including teasers, followed by the next seven without teasers.


General Information
Virginia, like many other states, does not have specific laws regarding Released Time. As a result, a Released Time program in Virginia would need to obtain permission from the local school board for students to participate in the program. It would also need to ensure compliance with the guidepost for Released Time programs provided by the U.S. Supreme Court in McCollum v. Board of Education, 333 U.S. 203 (1948) and Zorach v. Clauson, 343 U.S. 306 (1952). These guideposts include:
1) The school cannot fund the Released Time program, other than de minimis administrative costs (such as the costs of a school board approving a local Released Time policy).
2) Released Time programs cannot take place on school premises; and
3) Student participation in Released Time programs must be voluntary. There cannot be any coercion, encouragement, or discouragement on the part of any school official.
However, these three points are not exclusive. One should conduct thorough research on the latest state and federal laws and court decisions to determine if there are any updated guidelines for a Released Time program to follow.
Keep in mind that school officials are not required to approve a program. An organization that wishes to start a new program should determine who in the school district can authorize a program and make an appointment to see that person. If the principal refers the organization to the school board, it would be wise to meet individually with school board members before presenting the concept at a meeting of the whole board.
Va. Code Ann. § 22.1-254
The Virginia compulsory attendance law requires that all children; ages 5-18 (inclusive), must attend a public school "or a private, denominational or parochial school." Parents may, as an alternative, have their children receive their education from a tutor or provide for the home instruction of their children.
State law also requires that "a school board shall excuse from attendance at school: Any pupil who, together with his parents, by reason of bona fide religious training or belief is conscientiously opposed to attendance at school. 'Bona fide religious training or belief' does not include essentially political, sociological or philosophical views or a merely personal moral code..."
Attorney General Opinion
1987-88 Va. Op. Att'y Gen. 330; 1983-84 Va. Op. Att'y Gen. 305
Section § 22.1-254(b) permits home instruction for religious reasons. The opinions do not expressly permit or prohibit release time for religious instruction.
Case Law
Smith v. Smith, 523 F.2d 121 (4th Cir. 1975)
In Smith v. Smith, a lawsuit challenged the Harrisonburg, Virginia Released Time program whereby public school students were released during school hours for religious instruction off school premises by a nonprofit organization supported by a council of churches. The 4th Circuit Court of Appeals relied on Zorach v. Clauson to uphold the program. The court found the program to be constitutional because it (1) had a secular purpose in accommodating the wishes of the parents, (2) did not excessively entangle the state with religion since the religious instruction did not take place in the class rooms, and (3) its primary effect neither advanced nor inhibited religion. The court concluded that "public school cooperation with [released time programs] is a largely passive and administratively wise response to a plenitude of parental assertions of the right to direct the upbringing and education of children under their control." Id. at 125.
Moss v. Spartanburg County School District Seven, 683 F.3d 599 (4th Cir. 2012)
In Moss, the 4th Circuit Court of Appeals upheld a South Carolina school district's practice of awarding academic credit through a religiously-affiliated private school, reiterating that Zorach is good law and holding that Released Time programs, and the academic credit received for them, is an accommodation of the parents' right to choose the type of education their child receives.
* The rulings of the 4th Circuit of Appeals are binding precedent in Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia.


Android Tasks and Activity backstack!
The Android system keeps linear navigations of the history of the activities traversed called backstack. Using the BACK key, user can get to the previous activities in the order they get into the stack. The BACK key limits to show the activities further than the last visit to the HOME. Adding an activity to the current stack is regardless of whether the activity is in the same task or begins a new one. A task consists of one or more than one activities that the user uses to accomplish an objective (like any given transaction). Hence the backstack can be of more than one activity in one task or more than one task. In the later case, going back can let the user go back to activities in previous task. To switch between tasks user can selects its root activity from the application launcher. Activity that starts a task is a root activity. Until a new task is explicitly specified, all activities the user starts are considered to be in the same task. Hence the BACK key helps to get to the previous activities in this task. It is possible to have two tasks running simultaneously and user can jump between these tasks to perform actions. This can be done by pressing the HOME key. E.g. if from Home page Application A is started which starts Activity 1. It's a new task. Activity 1 starts Activity 2. While the user is in Activity 2, some action needs to be performed in Application B which has Activity 3. Activity 3 has to be started from HOME. So the user press HOME and starts Application B (new application, new task) and perform some actions. Remember the Activity 2 in previous task is stopped not destroyed and hence it can be regained in the state it was left once the user again go to HOME and get back to the previous task. Hence the flow can be: HOME->Application A(Task 1)->Activity 1->Activity 2 ->HOME -> Application B (Task 2)->Activity 3 ->HOME->Application A(Task1)->Activity 2(restore the state as left)
Starting a new task:
* Act to a notification
* Press HOME and start a new application
* Start an activity that defines a new task (done explicitly)
A single task can comprise of more than one application. Starting a new application from the current activity is in the same task. To conclude, when a user act to a notification or start a new task explicitly, the backstack consists of more than one task. A new task started by beginning a new application from the HOME, the traversing of activities through BACK leads to same task.
Contributed by Purvi Patel, SDE Android – TringApps Inc
15 thoughts on "Android Tasks and Activity backstack!
 1. Rajesh Prakash says:
 Android specializes by the role of Activity manager as it manages the entire lifecycle of applications, maintains the common back stack and smooth integrated navigation experience for applications running on different processes.
 - Application run in their own process.
 - Processes are started and stopped as needed to run application components.
 - Processes may be killed to acquire resources.
 1. Before every new activity is launched the previous activity is stored in the system
 2. Create a request in order to launch a new activity.
 3. Can take the same stored information from the system process and restore in the activity when it navigate backward.
 4. Helps the user to navigate backward as they navigate forward.
 Some of the other cool API's:
 1. Location manager – Geographical location, create the notification for current location
 2. XMPP service – Sends the device to device data messages.
 3. Notification manager – can use the notification manager for any of the application.
 4. View – Grid, List, Gallery view, buttons and check boxes, Map view, web view.
 2. mobisynth says:
 Guys All you need to do is use MS-Word before you write your comments. For the most part it will help you get rid of your grammar issues. It reflects really bad on the team if a Business Manager has written incorrect english. Please fix the grammar issues Rajesh.
 3. Priya says:
 A task is the sequence of activities the user follows to accomplish an objective. In Android tasks, users can run multiple tasks simultaneously and switch between them.
 Back stack and activity stack are same.( In Android activity lifecycle, the activities are managed as activity stack. That is when a new activity is started it will be on the top of the stack and become the running activity. Previous activity will always remain below it in the stack. Once the new activity exits, the Previous activity will start running.)
 4. GIRIDHARAN N says:
 I feel that the there will some pointer pointing to the stack entries and position of which will be changed according to the user actions or actions performed(like going to a new task), the pointer will point to the new activity as when they are added. So that you can move to the backwards till the start of that stack(terminal).
 5. Padmavathy says:
 We have launch modes in the android, which are used to specify that how the activities can be used. They are "standard" (the default mode), "singleTop", "singleTask", and "singleInstance".
 "standard" and "singleTop" – In these modes the activity will be launched in the same task, from where we have started the activity. Flag FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK is used to start the activity in the new task. There may be multiple instances of these activities in a task and one activity may belong to multiple tasks. Instances of these activities may appear anywhere in the stack. There is a difference between "standard" and "singleTop" – In case of "standard" a new instance will be created to respond to a new intent, where as in "singleTop" – If the activity is already there in the top of the stack then this instance will be reused to handle the new intent, otherwise the new instance will be created.
 "singleTask" and "singleInstance"– These modes define a task and they never launched in to another task. These activities are always at root of the task and only one instance will be created for these activities. There is a difference between "singleTask" and "singleInstance"- A "singleInstance" activity is the only activity in its task, it can be started in the different task with the flag FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK, where as "singleTask" activity can start other activities in the same task.
 6. I feel linked list will be used in this process. Because if stacks are used the current running application will be on the top of the stack and the application which was running before will be below the last one. So if we switch through different application in different order, the processing speed will be slow.
 7. Arunachalam says:
 Back Stack is an interesting thing while one creating an application.
 * It would be very useful if the mobile keeps the history of the activities traversed. Switching between the current activity to the previous one will lead no time to wait.
 By pressing Back key the current process gets destroyed. But a new activity keeps the current one in running state or paused state.
 Due to this, redundancy of processes occurs when a same activity is opened once again and It takes some more time to load the same page.
 The Processes which all are running background also increases the load without any use.
 Re-Usability of the previous process will eradicate these kinds of problem. Because, the mobile has the little resource of processor and memory to be utilized.
 Sometimes it is assential to keep the current activity even the user presses the Back button. As an example, If the user plays some music, It should keep on running in the background if he goes Back.
 A good programmer plays an important role here. Thus the Back stack plays an interesting and important role in case of mobile based application developments.
 8. Ravi Joshi says:
 Whenever the user launches an application from one of the activities while being in the same task or by creating a separate task (by launching it from HOME) the components of the application may run in the same process or several processes. The execution of a component in a particular process is controlled by a manifest file.
 In the former case, when the user has launched a a number of applications while staying in the same task, navigating through the activity Back Stack will be slower because it will pursue that at the expense of several process switches.
 And in the later case, when the user launches a number of application by creating new tasks and if the user remains away from a task for a longer time the system reclaims the resources from the activities in that task thereby causing the application to lose its recent activities state. Thus when the user returns to the application (task) only the initial activity is present.
 9. Siddhesh Naik says:
 If the user switches through different application activities in different order, the an tree structure would be helpful to increase the performance.
 This is because, every time a switch is to be made between applications, the user presses the Home button. So the Home is the root of the tree. The root can have any number of children. These children would represent applications, with the leaf nodes representing active activities.
 10. David Wang says:
 Task can be regarded as an application, activity can be regarded as a user event, like one can listen to music with a player, and search preferred songs with the player built-in plug-ins. It is like one process sliced in multiple execution flow, say,


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'Tis the season for gifting, remembering those who touch our lives on a daily basis with a token of our appreciation. Our children's teachers top the list, of course, but it can be hard to find meaningful teacher gifts that won't just get tossed or put on a shelf.
Teachers love gifts they can use. And since they put a lot of their own money into classroom supplies, anything you can do to help is appreciated. Some teacher gift ideas we love are:
- Books, age appropriate for kids at various reading levels.
- Gift cards to book stores
- A case of facial tissue for when the supply inevitably runs out
- Pencils, crayons or markers
- A rubber stamp kit with fun stamps
- Personalized note cards for writing notes to students or parents
- Christmas notelettes or all-occasion notelettes, for quick notes in the backpack
If you put your mind to it, you can come up with plenty of things teachers need and will love to use in and out of the classroom. Whether it's personalized stationery, or something even more practical, a teacher gift shows how much you appreciate their work.


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Application Note: Cytogenetic Monitoring of Cancer Progression in Circulating Tumor Cells Utilizing the IsoFlux System and GenASIs Spectral Imaging Technology
1 May 2013
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has emerged as a clinically-useful tool for understanding patient-specific traits of cancer at the molecular level. FISH is typically performed on biopsied tissue samples obtained during surgery. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have emerged as a potential source of clinically-useful information that can be accessed with far greater frequency than tissue biopsies. In addition to discussing the current challenges for running FISH on CTCs, this application note presents a complete method for CTC analysis.


October 22, 2009
"Savage" isn't a negative word?!
My two cents worth--Recorder Herald, Salmon, IdahoDear Editor:
I'd like to put in my own "two cents" on Ms. Ungaretti's column in last week's The Recorder Herald.
She advocates the return of the portrait of a Native American as the "emblem" of the Salmon Savages, and insists that the word "savage" has no negative connotations, merely meaning "not domesticated or under human control, untamed."
Ms. Ungaretti, if it's inconvenient for you to wrestle with a heavy old dictionary when you're right in the middle of a biased rant, just go to _URL_.
Read carefully and you'll find that your definition of "untamed" refers to the use of the word when describing animals.
Since even you would be forced to admit, if you were cornered on it, that Native Americans are human beings, you'll see that the word means "uncivilized, fierce, brutal, cruel, unpolished, rude, boorish," etc., when describing people.
You probably have a thicker hide than I do, Ms. Ungaretti, but personally I feel a little insulted when foreigners use these terms to describe my people, the oft-misunderstood American race.
Peter McNevin
The same page helpfully provides Dictionary.com's definitions:Dictionary.com :: [Definition of sav-age ] Show Spelled Pronunciation [sav-ij] Show IPA adjective, noun, verb, -aged, -ag-ing. Use savage in a Sentence –adjective 1. fierce, ferocious, or cruel; untamed: savage beasts. 2. uncivilized; barbarous: savage tribes. 3. enraged or furiously angry, as a person. 4. unpolished; rude: savage manners. 5. wild or rugged, as country or scenery: savage wilderness. 6. Archaic. uncultivated; growing wild. –noun 7. an uncivilized human being. 8. a fierce, brutal, or cruel person. 9. a rude, boorish person. 10. a member of a preliterate society. –verb (used with object) 11. to assault and maul by biting, rending, goring, etc.; tear at or mutilate: numerous sheep savaged by dogs. 12. to attack or criticize thoroughly or remorselessly; excoriate: a play savaged by the critics. Origin: 1250–1300; ME savage, sauvage (adj.) < MF sauvage, salvage < ML salvāticus, for L silvāticus, equiv. to silv(a) woods + -āticus adj. suffix Related forms: sav-age-ly, adverb sav-age-ness, noun Synonyms: 1. wild, feral, fell; bloodthirsty. See cruel. 2. wild. 3. infuriated. 5. rough, uncultivated. 9. churl, oaf. Antonyms: 1. mild. 2, 4. cultured. 5. cultivated.Comment: Ungaretti is almost literally 100% wrong. Every definition has negative connotations except maybe no. 5--and that's only because it refers to land, not people. Oops.
The stupidity of people trying to justify their stupid stereotypes never ceases to amaze me.
Judging by another posting, the Salmon Savages have gone a decade without their Indian mascot. Has the school lost its accreditation or crumbled into dust? Have the students dropped out, turned to drugs, or committed suicide? Has eliminating the mascot has caused any tangible harm whatsoever?
For more on the subject, see Team Names and Mascots.
Below: Naturally, Salmon's mascot was a stereotypical Indian chief from outside the region.
1 comment:
dmarks said...
Another negative connotation:
....association with a crazy talk radio personality, Michael Weiner, who calls himself "Savage".


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François Sellier
Titles by This Author
A Comparison of France and Germany
The Social Foundations of Industrial Power challenges the theory of industrial convergence, which maintains that as societies become more modern, they develop increasingly similar industrial structures and industrial relations and "converge" to resemble a single model of the advanced industrial society.The book opens by analyzing the considerable differences between the pay scales for direct labor in French and German industry. It then takes up and summarizes the results of the authors' research into such questions as: How has the wage-labor relation developed in each society?


Daily Reflection for February 19, 2020
Reading for Today: Exodus 17:1-7
Verse for Reflection: Exodus 17:4 (NRSV)
For the second consecutive day, we read about the Israelites complaining against Moses on their Exodus journey.
Have you ever experienced people complaining against you: co-workers, friends, family members, even people you barely know?
When people complain, how should you respond? Should you yell, or shut down into yourself, or dig your heals in for a verbal "fight", or slink away, or call the police, or threaten violence? All of these are ways I see people respond to complaints every single day.
Did you notice how Moses, a great person of God, responded when everyone around him, all the people, complained (and not just a little verbal complaining but threats of violence and death)? Moses turned to God and asked God what to do.
I wonder, how would your life be different if you responded to complaints by turning to God and seeking God's advice?
Reflection task for the day: Try this for the day; be intentional; follow through. Every time someone complains to you, at you, or against you, instead of responding to the person and the complaint, pray for guidance from God. In your prayer, listen until you hear an answer. If you don't hear an answer, don't do anything in response to the complaints. See what happens.
Have a blessed day,
Pastor Brad


Hard facts about water, laundry
Posted: Sunday, March 09, 2003
We get numerous calls at the Extension Office regarding laundry problems related to water with high iron concentration. There are ways to prevent these problems, which often appear as yellowed whites.
Don't use chlorine bleach because it may intensify the discoloration. Instead use a nonchlorine bleach (the label may read: color-safe bleach, all-fabric bleach, oxygen bleach.) If you have very hard water you may have to use more of this bleach than is recommended on the package label.
Use the hottest water allowable for the fabric and use plenty of detergent.
Make sure the detergent is dissolved before adding clothes.
Use a nonprecipitating water softener such as Calgon or Spring Rain in both the wash and rinse water.
Wash smaller loads. Water cannot circulate adequately or carry off soil when the washer is overpacked.
Try a warm rinse, or several warm rinses when trying to remove dinginess, graying or yellowing of clothes.
The Soap and Detergent Association recommends draining the water heater occasionally.
If the whites are already yellowed, resulting from high iron levels in the water, restore discolored white clothes by first trying a vinegar and water solution. Soak clothes in a solution of 2 cups white vinegar to one-gallon hot tap water in a plastic container for 15 minutes. Then launder.
If this doesn't work, you may need to use a commercial rust remover recommended for fabrics. An example of a brand name of a rust remover available in this area is Iron Out. Be sure to follow the package instructions on these rust removers so the products will be effective.
For example, on the Iron Out instructions there is a warning, "Do not use with bleach or peroxide." This warning is intended to alert the consumer not to mix Iron Out with chlorine bleach, hydrogen peroxide or any detergent containing nonchlorine bleach (products with perborate, sodium percarbonate, or hydrogen
peroxide listed in the ingredients.)
Nothing harmful would happen if chlorine or nonchlorine bleaches and Iron Out were mixed, but the point is, nothing would happen at all because the chemicals cancel each other out. It's important to understand and follow the instructions to get the best results. Call the toll-free numbers on product packages if the instructions are unclear.
There are other reasons white fabrics turn yellow. Chlorine bleach often will produce discoloration on white or light-colored silk, wool, nylon and spandex. This type of discoloration is permanent. Also, overheating in the dryer can cause yellowing of light or white fabrics. To prevent this problem try to use the correct dryer setting for the fabric and removes clothes from the dryer when they are just a little less dry than you want them.
Linda Tannehill is an agent at the Alaska Cooperative Extension Office. She is a home economist and involved in the 4-H/Youth Develop-ment programs. The Kenai Penin-sula District Extension Office is at 43961 Kalifornsky Beach Road, Suite A, Soldotna, AK. The phone number is _PHONE_ or toll-free at _PHONE_.
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1. As Cisco grew into an industry giant did they use a product or function orientation? Why? Would you have used the same orientation? 2. After the 2001 restructuring did Cisco change their product/function orientation? Was this the right thing to do? Why? 3. Before the restructuring, how did Cisco cultivate their culture? How would you describe their culture? Did they have any rituals, ceremonies, or myths? Did the culture support their mission? 4. What types of incentives/motivations did Cisco use in their customer focus initiative? Was it effective? How could you have improved the initiative? 5. How did Cisco manage their restructure and re-allignment? What do you think would have been the response to this change? Could they have managed it better? How? Was the loss in sales a result of the change? Explain. 6. If you were Allred would you continue the current path despite a dip in sales and market share or would you try a new approach? Explain. Remember this is a capstone case. That means that the goal is to apply all of the knowledge gained from this course to complete this case study.
During the birth and earlier years of Cisco, their business focus was providing networking products for institutions that wanted to integrate their communication and information systems together in a network. They designed and developed routers and bridges to allow people to manage connections from computers who once spoke different communication languages. They had a very strong product orientation, because at the time, that's all they were providing. As cisco grew in to the giant they were becoming, they maintained that product orientation and increased their offered lineup of networking products, eventually gaining the ability to supply everything a user needed to set up an entire network. Cisco's product orientation was a fantastic orientation for the beginning years of their business, but during the late 1990's, internet and networking was picking up at an...
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Conceptual level and instructional structure on secondary students' higher order thinking and attitude toward social studies
This study sought to determine the effects of high and low conceptual level cognitive styles (D. E. Hunt, 1972) on students' learning and instructional patterns (Suchman's, 1962, Inquiry Training Model and Thelen's, 1981, Group Investigation) on academic achievement defined as higher order thinking measured by the Test of Higher Order Thinking (Newmann, 1990c) and attitude toward social studies content measured by the Learning and Study Strategies Instrument-High School Version (Weinstein & Palmer, 1990). ^ Forty-three 11thand 12th-grade students in a suburban high school in Northern New Jersey were classified as having either high or low conceptual levels by the results of the Paragraph Completion Test (D. E. Hunt, 1972). The work of Cicchelli (1983) was used to define the structure of the two instructional models (Inquiry Training Model [ITM], Suchman, 1962, which was defined as a high structure instructional model, and Group Investigation [GI], Thelen, 1960, which was defined as being low in structure). ^ The study was conducted in 10 consecutive 42-minute lessons, using two intact heterogeneous senior high school criminology classes (N = 43) that were randomly assigned to one of the two treatment groups. During the 10 sessions one group was exposed to the Group Investigation instructional pattern (n = 22), and the other group was exposed to the Inquiry Training Model (n = 21). All of the students in this study were enrolled in a Criminology class, an elective course, and the curriculum was based on Smith and Smith's (1992) You Decide!: Applying the Bill of Rights to Real Cases. ^ No significant differences existed between high and low conceptual level students or between the ITM and GI instructional patterns with respect to academic achievement or attitude toward social studies content. While no significant interactions occurred between conceptual level and instructional patterns the high conceptual level group did respond equally to both inquiry-based instructional patterns while students with low conceptual levels actually benefitted from a low structural instruction pattern. ^ In summary, the current study suggests that more research examining the match between students' cognitive styles and teachers, instructional patterns be examined to determine what factors positively impact on students' academic performance and attitude. Future research efforts should attempt to confirm any interactions between students' cognitive styles and educational environments. ^
Education, Secondary|Education, Curriculum and Instruction
Frances Belton Truncellito,
"Conceptual level and instructional structure on secondary students' higher order thinking and attitude toward social studies"
(January 1, 2000).
ETD Collection for Fordham University.


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L358 5128 MARGO CRAWFORD
Twentieth-Century American Fiction
4:00p-5:15p TR (30 students) 3 CR. - Satisfies A&H Distribution Requirement
The twentieth-century American literary tradition is a series of rewritings. While reading a wide range of texts written throughout the century, can we identity patterns and shifts in American literary representations of regionalism, race, and ethnicity? Is there an ongoing conversation about the very meaning of an American identity? Do shifting understandings of American identity lead to shifts in the form of the American novel? Since Gertrude Stein's Three Lives (1909) can be explored in terms of American realism, naturalism, modernism, and postmodernism, this text will be the springboard of our analysis and complication of the move from realism and naturalism to modernism and postmodernism. As we focus on these literary movements, we will explore a range of rewritings: Winesburg, Ohio (Sherwood Anderson, 1919) and Cane (Jean Toomer, 1923); Sister Carrie (Theodore Dreiser, 1900) and Native Son (Richard Wright, 1940); Gone with the Wind (Margaret Mitchell, 1936) and The Wind Done Gone (Alice Randall, 2001); Absalom, Absalom! (Faulkner, 1936) and Jazz (Morrison, 1992); and Invisible Man (Ellison, 1952) and The Woman Warrior (Kingston, 1975).
The class will be discussion-oriented. Three five page essays will be assigned. There will also be a final exam.


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Science Fair Project Encyclopedia
National Portrait Gallery (United States)
The National Portrait Gallery is an art gallery in Washington, DC. It has been part of the Smithsonian Institution since 1968. It resides in the Old Patent Office Building and has been closed for renovation since January 2000; the Gallery will reopen on July 4, 2006. While the Gallery is closed, many of the works in its collection are travelling to affiliate museums around the world. The collections of the National Portrait Gallery focus on images of famous Americans, such as George Washington.
The contents of this article is licensed from _URL_ under the GNU Free Documentation License. Click here to see the transparent copy and copyright details


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Monographs, Technical Reports, & Books
Educational Needs Assessment Study for DNR Department of ForestryA 2002 study was led by Chris Beimborn, CMSER staff member, on behalf of the Wisconsin DNR Division of Forestry. The purpose of the study was to examine the needs of the educational community for a proposed Forestry Awareness and Education Center on the Milwaukee County Grounds. Several collaborators from the education community as well as staff from many local field trip providers contributed to this report.
The research analyzed a wide range of topics, including building needs; statistics about the targeted audience; input from over 200 learning coordinators, science teachers, and district administrators; a directory of other Southeastern Wisconsin field trip providers and locales; and models from existing field trip providers.
The finished report is included below, titled Barking Up the Right Tree: An Educational Needs Assessment for the Forestry Education and Awareness Center. If you are interested in viewing a hard copy of the report or have specific questions regarding the study, contact the CMSER.
NOTE: In order to view and print this form, you must have Acrobat Reader 6.0. To download a free version of this program,click here.
| 6.96MB ||Needs Assessment Report |


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Archives Biographies: Henry Boot
Biographical information on Henry 'Harry' Boot and his work on radar.
H A H ('Harry') Boot was born on 27 July 1917 in Birmingham. Educated at King Edward's School, Boot went to Birmingham University to study physics and was awarded a BSc in 1938 and a PhD in 1941.
Centrimetric radar
After the outbreak of war, Boot worked in the physics department under M L E Oliphaunt on the development of centimetric radar. Radar at that time was based on long wavelengths and required bulky equipment. This meant that the search area had to be 'flooded' in order to detect any moving objects. Boot and his colleague, J A Randall, were trying to produce wavelengths of 10cm or less for use in a radar 'beam' which would be more accurate.
Boot and Randall's pioneering work
Initially, Boot and Randall were using the klystron, an American invention, but were not able to produce short enough waves. In 1940 they turned instead to the magnetron and after a few months were able to produce wavelengths of 9.8 cm using a decidedly ramshackle magnetron. This was quickly developed into usable equipment, and the first magnetron radar system was built at TRE Swanage in May of that year. In September it was first used by Bomber Command to detect submarines.
GEC Cavity magnetron
The invention of the magnetron had a profound impact on the outcome of the Second World War. In the Battle of the Atlantic centimetric radar provided the Allies with a means of locating surfaced U-boats in any weather, day or night. It was also decisive in the defeat of the German night bombers in _PHONE_ and in the improvement in the accuracy of the Allies' own night bombing.
Boot and Randall were honoured for their invention with the award in 1943 of the RSA Thomas Gray Memorial Prize for 'improving the safety of life at sea'. In 1946 they were awarded a Royal Commission Inventors Award; in 1958 the Franklin Institute John Price Wetherill Medal; and in 1959 the City of Pennsylvania John Scott award.
After a brief time at BTH, Rugby, in the latter years of the war, Boot returned to Birmingham as the Nuffield Research Fellow. In 1948, he was appointed Principal Scientific Officer (PSO) at Services Electronic Research Laboratories, Baldock, where he undertook research on microwaves, magnetrons, plasma physics and lasers. He retired in 1977 and died in Cambridge on 8 February 1983.


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If a nerve cell and and a skin cell in your body have the
samegenes. how can the cells be so differe
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Singapore Flyer
Singapore Flyer (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
It's the time of year when the minds of top Ivy League undergraduates turn to interviews with investment banks and consulting firms. Here's a good interview question to test their smarts: What is the diamond planet worth? The answer: $26.9 nonillion ($26.9 followed by 30 zeros).
Sure, this is the first time in your life that you have ever thought of a nonillion. But you've surely thought of trillions before -- and that's a one followed by 12 zeros. To get to a quadrillion you just at three more zeros and if you go up three each time, it only takes five more increments of three zeros to get you to a nonillion.
That's a big chunk of change. To put those $26.9 nonillion into perspective, think about the Earth's GDP -- The World Bank estimated global GDP at about $70 trillion in 2011. The Diamond Planet is worth 384 quadrillion times more than Earth's GDP. And a mere.0182% of the Diamond Planet's raw diamonds would handily pay off what the Economist estimates is the $49 trillion in debt held by the world's governments.
The Diamond Planet is formally known as '55 Cancri e.' According to Reuters, it orbits a star in the constellation of Cancer and completes a rotation that takes Earth about 365 days in 18 hours.
The Diamond Planet's radius is double Earth's and its mass is eight times greater. The 3,900F planet is warmish -- and is "covered in graphite and diamond rather than water and granite," according to Yale researcher, Nikku Madhusudhan.
But for an aspiring consultant trying to answer this brain teaser, a key fact about the Diamond Planet is that "at least a third of the planet's mass, the equivalent of about three Earth masses, could be diamond," according to Reuters.
You may not even be familiar with what consulting firms do but you have probably heard of one of consulting's alumni -- Mitt Romney. Before he started Bain Capital, a leveraged buyout firm, he was a consultant at Bain & Co.
And when consulting firms hire undergraduate students, they screen out the ones who crack under pressure. One way they put candidates under pressure is to ask them to answer questions that require them to make calculations in their heads.
For example, one former student who interviewed at Bain's Singapore office was asked to estimate the annual revenues of "the world's largest observation wheel," the Singapore Flyer. To sail through that interview question, all you'd have to do is describe the details of the revenue formula you'd use, plug in reasonable assumptions, and calculate the correct answer in your head.
To the best of my knowledge, consulting firms have not used "What is the diamond planet worth?" in an interview yet. But it would certainly be a timely and difficult question to answer -- and one that is of interest precisely because of pressure -- a key ingredient in converting coal to diamonds (at least on Earth).


Question: How Do You Say As A Result?
Is as a result a transition word?
accordingly, as a result, consequently, for that reason, hence, then, therefore, thus..
How do you use together in a sentence?
He sent her some books, together with a dictionary.Tie the two ropes together with a secure knot.We tied his feet together with rope.They walked together with their arms entwined.We tied his hands together with rope. … The sheets are glued together with strong adhesive.We work closely together with…More items…•
How can I use the word better in a sentence?
What is an example of a transition sentence?
What is a good transition word for a conclusion?
What words can you not start a sentence with?
How do you start and end a sentence?
All sentences begin with a capital letter (also called an upper-case letter). All sentences end with what's called a terminal punctuation mark: either a period (also called a full stop), a question mark, or an exclamation mark. Periods mark the end of statements, indirect questions, and most imperative sentences.
What is an example called?
What is a good transition sentence?
What does the phrase as a result mean?
: because of something He sprained his wrist and, as a result, he will not be playing in the tournament.
Can you start a sentence with as a result?
Yes. "As a result of" is a compound preposition and makes an adverbial phrase, and the beginning of a sentence is one very good place for an adverb.
What is another word for end result?
What is another word for end result?aftermathoutcomefalloutsequelaftereffectchildconclusionconsequencedevelopmenteffect117 more rows
What part of speech is as a result of?
1. As a result, (comma normally required, especially at the beginning of a sentence) is a fixed phrase, not a word, and therefore its part of speech is irrelevant. Like most prepositional phrases, however, it functions adverbially.
What is a example sentence?
He'll be back, and when he does come back, I hope you really give him what-for.
How do you describe good results?
excellent results / synonymsvery good results. n.good results. n.great results. n.excellent performance.excellent result.highly successful.very successful.very well.More items…
What is another word for possible outcomes?
In this page you can discover 54 synonyms, antonyms, idiomatic expressions, and related words for outcome, like: result, corollary, end, issue, consequence, outgrowth, upshot, aftermath, consequential, conclusion and end result.
What is overused words or phrases?
rhetoric—Overused word meaning "verbal communication" or "discourse." Use those words instead. "seems"—This word weakens the sentence it is used in. If something happens it shouldn't "seem to" happen it should simply happen. "at some point in time"—There is never a "point in time." Instead use "some time."
Can a sentence start with to?
It's absolutely fine to begin these sentences with "To"!
What happens as a result of something you do?
A consequence comes after, or as a result of something you do, for example, "He was given a traffic ticket as a consequence of running the red light." A consequence is a "result" or "conclusion," and the Latin sequī, "to follow," is part of its history.
What means hence?
1 : from this place : away. 2a archaic : henceforth. b : from this time four years hence. 3 : because of a preceding fact or premise : therefore.
What is the meaning of spectacular?
The definition of spectacular is something noticeable or dramatic, especially when something is notable because it is so beautiful. An example of something that would be described as spectacular is a large, gorgeous and eye-catching diamond ring. adjective.
How do you describe results?
Here are some adjectives for results: sure profitable, uniformly negative, spectacular but equally expensive, same nonfatal, possible grotesque, amazing and occasionally hideous, occasionally hideous, hideous preliminary, obvious and internal, distant mathematical, dramatic, immediate, similar, painful, practical and …
What is the meaning of for example?
phrase. You use for example to introduce and emphasize something which shows that something is true.
Do you use a comma after as a result?
When a term like "However," "As a result," or "Consequently" starts a sentence, it should be followed by a comma. (These terms are called conjunctive adverbs or "transitional phrases.")
What's a big word for excellent?
How do you use as a result?
Example SentencesAs a result of this mishap, he was not on work for a week.David twisted his arms and, as a result, he won't be taking part in the basketball tournament.Tom died as a result of an accident.Several houses were shattered as a result of the heavy storm.More items…
How do you conclude a results section?
A short paragraph that concludes the results section by synthesizing the key findings of the study. Highlight the most important findings you want readers to remember as they transition into the discussion section.
What's another way of saying as a result?
What is another word for as a result?consequentlyas a consequenceergoin consequencesubsequentlythat being the casethencetherebyaccordinglyfor that reason40 more rows
How do you describe results in a lab report?
Use the Results section to summarize the findings of your study. The text of this section should focus on the major trends in the data you collected. The details can be summarized in tables and/or graphs that will accompany the text. In this section, just tell the reader the facts.
How do you show example?


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Greenhouses to shelter and propagate plants have been part of the U.S. Botanic Garden since the 1850s.
Our Production Facility is the largest greenhouse complex supporting a public garden in the United States. The greenhouse, completed in 1993, includes 85,000 square feet under glass divided into 34 greenhouse bays and 16 environmental zones. Its computerized environmental controls provide the flexibility to grow a wide variety of plants for public display.
The Production Facility supports foliage, nursery crops and seasonal displays and exhibits. In addition, it contains all of the U.S. Botanic Garden collection not currently on display, including orchids, medicinal plants, insectivorous plants and rare and endangered species.
The Production Facility is not usually open to the public, but in March of each year, the U.S. Botanic Garden hosts an open house at the Production Facility. This open house allows visitors a unique opportunity to meet the gardeners, ask questions and wander through this working wonderland of plants.


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Christmas Stuffers
I've worked for the Home Shopping Network for almost 10 years and have fielded over 100,000 calls. We sell all kinds of things. Customers buy "evil eye pendants" designed to ward off the curse of the evil eye. Jewish, Muslim and Christians believe some individuals have the power to look at people, animals or objects and cause them harm.
Because of their reality, Christians have devised prayers (Vaskania) that protect us from Satan's schemes.
Some might say superstition replaces faith. Good luck charms, horseshoes, four-leaf clovers, and bracelets can't replace faith but like any good myth point out spiritual reality. People place horseshoes over their doors to keep witches from flying over their houses. American Indians and Buddhists also believe in horseshoes. Stores sell evil eye bracelets whose history goes back go back thousands of years to ancient Egypt.
Looking for the perfect Christmas stocking stuffer?
How about the St. Benedict Medal
What other gift has these powerful uses has the power to destroy witchcraft and other diabolical and haunting influences? Check out these six other uses:
 1. To impart protection to persons tempted, deluded, or tormented by evil spirits;
 2. To obtain the conversion of sinners;
 3. Especially when they are in danger of death;
 4. To serve as an armor against temptation;
 5. To afford protection against storms and lightning;
 6. To serve as an efficacious remedy for bodily afflictions and a means of protection against contagious diseases. (retrieved from
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A dillybag or dilly bag is a traditional Australian Aboriginal bag, generally woven from the fibres of plant species of the Pandanusgenus.[verification needed]. It is used for a variety of food transportation and preparation purposes.
The dilly bag, otherwise known as yakou, yibali or but but bag, is a bag worn around the neck to hold food like berries, meat, fish etc. The Dilly bag is normally woven out of vines or tough dried grasses and sometimes had feather or animal fur inside the bag to stop small pieces of food falling through holes in the weave. Mainly used by women to gather food but can be used by men to help carry some tools for hunting.
Another use for the dilly bag (also named Mukurtu) was as a holder for personal or tribal artifacts. The "Dilly bag" term is also used to describe bags used by non-aboriginal Australians, for example a smaller food bag carried by swagmen along with their swags. The term is also used by Australians to describe similar bags for other purposes.


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Sun June 22, 2008
UMKC Researchers Make Discovery in Muscle Aging
By Elana Gordon
Kansas City, MO – Scientists have known for some time that as people age, their skeletal muscles become smaller and weaker. But a group of researchers at UMKC say that calcium absorption may be a key part of what causes that muscle deterioration. Their recent findings are being published in the Journal, Aging Cell. Lead researcher, Dr. Marco Brotto, says calcium is needed in order for muscles to contract properly. But he says the group's research on mice shows that even when there's plenty of calcium available, aged muscle cells may not be able to absorb it.
Brotto: It's like, in the muscle cells we have these gates. And they have to open or to close to allow calcium to go inside. So we still have enough calcium outside the cell, but the gate now is closed.
Dr. Brotto says he's now collaborating with researchers from the Mid America Heart Institute to further examine that absorption process in humans. The recent study received funding from the American heart association, UMKC, and the National Institute on Aging.
Funding for health care coverage on KCUR has been provided by the Health Care Foundation of Greater Kansas City.
Download recent health stories or subscribe to the KCUR Health Podcast">KCUR Health Podcast


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Go to the previous, next section.
This chapter disusses what job control is, how it works, and how Bash allows you to access its facilities.
Job control refers to the ability to selectively stop (suspend) the execution of processes and continue (resume) their execution at a later point. A user typically employs this facility via an interactive interface supplied jointly by the system's terminal driver and Bash.
The shell associates a job with each pipeline. It keeps a
table of currently executing jobs, which may be listed with the
jobs command. When Bash starts a job
asynchronously (in the background), it prints a line that looks
 25647indicating that this job is job number 1 and that the process ID of the last process in the pipeline associated with this job is 25647. All of the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job. Bash uses the job abstraction as the basis for job control.
To facilitate the implementation of the user interface to job
control, the system maintains the notion of a current terminal
process group ID. Members of this process group (processes whose
process group ID is equal to the current terminal process group
ID) receive keyboard-generated signals such as
These processes are said to be in the foreground. Background
processes are those whose process group ID differs from the
terminal's; such processes are immune to keyboard-generated
signals. Only foreground processes are allowed to read from or
write to the terminal. Background processes which attempt to
read from (write to) the terminal are sent a
SIGTTOU) signal by the terminal driver, which, unless
caught, suspends the process.
If the operating system on which Bash is running supports
job control, Bash allows you to use it. Typing the
suspend character (typically '^Z', Control-Z) while a
process is running causes that process to be stopped and returns
you to Bash. Typing the delayed suspend character
(typically '^Y', Control-Y) causes the process to be stopped
when it attempts to read input from the terminal, and control to
be returned to Bash. You may then manipulate the state of
this job, using the
bg command to continue it in the
fg command to continue it in the
foreground, or the
kill command to kill it. A '^Z'
takes effect immediately, and has the additional side effect of
causing pending output and typeahead to be discarded.
There are a number of ways to refer to a job in the shell. The
character '%' introduces a job name. Job number
may be referred to as '%n'. A job may also be referred to
using a prefix of the name used to start it, or using a substring
that appears in its command line. For example, '%ce' refers
to a stopped
ce job. Using '%?ce', on the
other hand, refers to any job containing the string 'ce' in
its command line. If the prefix or substring matches more than one job,
Bash reports an error. The symbols '%%' and
'%+' refer to the shell's notion of the current job, which
is the last job stopped while it was in the foreground. The
previous job may be referenced using '%-'. In output
pertaining to jobs (e.g., the output of the
the current job is always flagged with a '+', and the
previous job with a '-'.
Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the foreground: '%1' is a synonym for 'fg %1' bringing job 1 from the background into the foreground. Similarly, '%1 &' resumes job 1 in the background, equivalent to 'bg %1'
The shell learns immediately whenever a job changes state.
Normally, Bash waits until it is about to print a prompt
before reporting changes in a job's status so as to not interrupt
any other output. If the
-b option to the
set builtin is set,
Bash reports such changes immediately (see section The Set Builtin).
This feature is also controlled by the variable
If you attempt to exit bash while jobs are stopped, the
shell prints a message warning you. You may then use the
jobs command to inspect their status. If you do this, or
try to exit again immediately, you are not warned again, and the
stopped jobs are terminated.
bg [jobspec]Place jobspec into the background, as if it had been started with '&'. If jobspec is not supplied, the current job is used.
fg [jobspec]Bring jobspec into the foreground and make it the current job. If jobspec is not supplied, the current job is used.
jobs [-lpn] [jobspec] jobs -x command [jobspec]
The first form lists the active jobs. The
-l option lists
process IDs in addition to the normal information; the
option lists only the process ID of the job's process group
-n option displays only jobs that have
changed status since last notfied. If jobspec is given,
output is restricted to information about that job.
If jobspec is not supplied, the status of all jobs is
-x option is supplied,
jobs replaces any
jobspec found in command or arguments with the
corresponding process group ID, and executes command,
passing it arguments, returning its exit status.
suspend [-f]Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a
-foption means to suspend even if the shell is a login shell.
When job control is active, the
builtins also accept jobspec arguments.
exact, the string supplied must match the name of a stopped job exactly; if set to
substring, the string supplied needs to match a substring of the name of a stopped job. The
substringvalue provides functionality analogous to the
%?job id (see section Job Control Basics). If set to any other value, the supplied string must be a prefix of a stopped job's name; this provides functionality analogous to the
Go to the previous, next section.