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In this spoken English lesson you will learn some interesting English phrases to talk about different moods in your English conversation. You can often understand how people are feeling from the expressions on their faces, they are reaction which show us how others are feeling, for example: frowning eyebrows express anger, wide smile displays a happy mood. In this lesson you will learn ten expressions that you can use to talk about your mood with others.
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Expressions for being 'HAPPY'
Broad smile on the face. –
Means that the person was very happy and her mouth was showing a very clear smile
Example: When my little sister sees her father come back from work she always has a broad smile on her face.
Beaming from ear to earShining with a smile that stretches wide, can be used when someone is extremely happy.
Example: Children were beaming from ear to ear when they saw ice cream.
Expressions for being 'SAD'
Why the long face?
Common question that we ask when somebody LOOKS VERY SAD/ UPSET.
Example: a) What happened? Why the long face?
- b) You've just got a new job, a new house – you should be happy! Why the long face?
Expressions for being 'ANGRY'
He was wearing a frown –
Means that he was looking annoyed or concerned and his eyebrows were lowered and forehead wrinkled.
Example: When Elena walked off after the argument with John he was left there wearing a frown on his face.
A wince or a grimace are expressions of pain and / or disapproval. They are brief reactions to something unpleasant. (To contort one's face to indicate displeasure, disgust, or pain).
Example: She took another drink of his coffee. 'Awful,' she said with a grimace.
She gave me a dirty look –
A dirty look is a way of showing anger or disapproval (staring hard at someone in an unfriendly way).
Example: I got a dirty look from the teacher when I cracked a joke in class.
He was purple with rage (fierce anger) –
The person is so angry that parts of his face has changed colour to purple.
Example: She was purple with rage when she saw the teacher scolding her child.
If looks could kill –
This expression is mostly an unfinished conditional sentence. It means that the other person was looking very angrily or aggressively at somebody.
Example: I'll never forget the expression on my boss's face when I turned up late for work fourth day in a row.
Expressions for being 'SURPRISED'
Raising Eyebrows –
People in the UK raise their eyebrows to show surprise or disapproval.
Example: She raised her eyebrows when she saw me with Karin at the restaurant, she didn't expect us to be there.
Expressions to 'TO INSULT SOMEONE'
Looking down the nose at someoneMeans that the person is showing that he thinks the other person is 'lower' in importance or social status.
Example: Just because he's rich he looks down his nose at us.
We hope this spoken English lesson has helped you to learn new English phrases when it comes to talking about different moods. Use these English phrases in your daily conversation to improve your English communication skills and become a fluent English speaker.


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by Staff Writers
Washington (AFP) May 9, 2012
US and Italian scientists have traced a bacterium that has been destroying kiwifruit in New Zealand and Europe back to China where they believe it originated, according to a study on Wednesday.
Since the disease known as "kiwifruit canker" emerged in Italy 2008, it has wiped out orchards mainly across Europe and South America and caused hundreds of million of dollars in losses, according to the article in the journal PLoS ONE.
The culprit is a bacterium, Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), which causes red or white slime to ooze from the plant's stems or branches, in some cases causing the plants to die.
A similar disease afflicted orchards in China and Japan in the 1980s, so scientists used the latest DNA sequencing technology to shed light on the pathogens to see if there were any links.
Virginia Tech associate professor Boris Vinatzer and Giorgio Balestra of the University of Tuscia in Italy sequenced the DNA of Psa bacteria from kiwifruit trees in China, Italy, New Zealand and Portugal.
They found that the bacteria from China, Europe, and New Zealand were almost identical, with one slight variation that in a single region of the DNA that linked the New Zealand outbreak to the Chinese bacteria.
Therefore, the study authors believe the bacterium was likely imported from China to Italy first, and later from China into New Zealand where the disease turned up in 2010.
"The first step in stopping the spread of aggressive bacteria like Psa is knowing where they come from and how they have spread," Balestra said.
"Now that we have sequenced the DNA and found its likely origin, we can start to figure out ways to stop it and similar bacteria from doing so much damage in the future."
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G8 urged to elevate food security issues
Washington (UPI) May 8, 2012
Anti-poverty activists are urging Group of Eight leaders to give more attention to food security when they hold a summit this month in the United States. The G8, which includes the world's biggest economies of the United States, France, Britain, Italy, Germany, Canada, Japan and Russia, is scheduled to discuss food security on the second day of its May 18-19 summit at Camp David in Mary... read more
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An interesting 100 milliseconds in which to examine vision and attention
Vision Sciences Lab, Harvard University
Although we perceive the world as stable, visual information is displaced on the retina each time the eyes move. Neurophysiological studies have revealed shifts in receptive fields throughout retinotopically-organized visual areas that anticipate each eye movement by as much as 100ms. This means that during this brief interval before an eye movement, two retinotopic maps exist simultaneously: One based on incoming visual input, and one based on predicted, post-saccadic visual input. I will describe some recent and ongoing studies probing the visual experience of human observers at this moment in time, and speculate about the function of this remapping process.


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Culture and Religion
The culture of the Maldives is influenced by different visitors who arrived in Maldives throughout the times. However, acting as a melting point the Maldives assimilated these influences and has created a unique cultural identity. Archaeological evidence suggests the existence Hinduism and Buddhism before the country embraced Islam in 1153 A.D. Since then, Islam is a way of life for Maldivians. Islam is now the state religion and it is a stipulation of the Maldivian law, which is based on the Islamic Sharia that all citizens of the country be Muslims.
Today, the main events and festivals of Maldivian life follow the Muslim (lunar) Calendar. From infancy children are taught the Arabic alphabet. Religious education is provided both at home and at school. Islam is part of the school curriculum and is taught concurrently with other subjects.
The golden dome of the Islamic centre dominates the skyline of Male' whether first viewed by air or from sea. This imposing mosque, said to be one of the most beautiful mosques in Asia, was inaugurated in 1984 – a result of the commitment of President Maumoon Abdul Gayoom's government to uphold and strengthen the character of the nation.


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A physical system controlled by embedded software is a Cyber-Physical System (CPS). CPSs require software to control many individual systems as well as to control the complex coordination of those systems. Examples include integrated avionics systems, interacting medical devices, and distributed power systems in the Smart Grid. The promise of CPSs is that they can dramatically increase the autonomous capabilities of a collection of systems. They also generally allow physically separated devices and vehicles to coordinate in ways not previously possible.The challenge is that traditional tools and techniques that have been used to qualify systems for use by ensuring the timeliness and correctness of software are costly and ineffective when applied to CPSs.
Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) are a natural consequence of the increased connectedness and autonomy of real-time embedded systems. Like real-time embedded systems, CPSs are characterized by a high degree of coupling between computations and physical processes. Because of this coupling, safety and timeliness properties, among others, are critical. However, increased distribution and scale make it much harder to guarantee such properties.
The design and analysis principles that govern smaller scale system behavior are necessary but not sufficient for larger scale systems. The notion of scale is subtle and multifaceted. For more information about issues of scale, see the ultra-large-scale systems area.
How We Can Help
The SEI helps organizations to
- apply formal verification techniques and tools to assure critical system properties
- apply real-time analysis techniques to determine if critical system timing properties will be satisfied
- provide design and implementation guidance for real-time, cyber-physical systems


text:
Kit Consists of: 40 oz MIL Engine Treatment, 8 oz Compound 90, 8 oz Fuel System Treatment
What you can expect after installing an one-time treatment:
- Reducing noxious emissions.
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- Reducing fuel consumption.
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- Extending the life of your engine.
- Provides optimal performance.
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- Engine Treatement is Microlon's standard formulation and is added to the crankcase
for the treatment of internal combustion engines.
- Fuel System Treatment is added to the fuel tank and contains the highest quality cleaning agents, corrosion inhibitors and antioxidants. These ingredients combine to prepare the pore structure to receive the Microlon Engine Treatment and provide lasting protection.

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What is doctrine and why is it important?
And you will know the truth and the truth will set you free. ~Jesus Christ~ (John 8:32)
Recently in our study of 1 John we have come across the vital importance of correct doctrine. But what is doctrine and why is it so important?
Simply put, doctrine is the sum total of what the Bible teaches on any given subject and comes from the New Testament word didaskalia which is often translated teaching, instruction or doctrine.
In total the New Testament explicitly commends sound doctrine to us 28 times! (ex. 1 Tim 4:13, 16; 2 Tim 4:2-3; Tit1:9).
According to Jesus accuracy in belief is important because correct belief leads to spiritual life and incorrect belief leads to spiritual death. This is at the heart of the importance of doctrine.
Primary doctrinal areas lead to spiritual death, however, secondary and tertiary areas, while still important to pursue truth in, may have varying degrees of harmful impact upon the health and effectiveness of the Church and one's spiritual life, whilst still allowing for someone to be considered a Christian.
However, lest I give the wrong impression, knowing the truth is not all about propositional truths or doctrine. Ultimately Jesus uses this word truth as a play on words to refer to Himself (Jn 14:6). Ultimately we come to know God the Father through a correct knowledge of the Truth, Jesus God's only Son. Propositional truths are meant to point us to a relational (and factual) knowledge of Jesus that leads to eternal life.
Therefore, doctrine is not a bore but an exciting adventure of discovery about God and His ways. It helps us overcome wrong ideas that are harmful to either one's salvation or a hindrance to their spiritual life and the life of the Church. Its study helps us make better Christian decisions, answer people's questions about our Faith (i.e. be more effective in evangelism), develop a greater Christian confidence, and it helps us grow to become healthier and more robust Christians because we have a solid diet.
By growing in the grace and knowledge of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ (which includes doctrine!) may we all be built up into the most Holy Faith (2 Pet 3:18; Jude 20).
The Lord's Sweetest Blessings,
Pastor Chris


text: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The person who wrote this (Who I know but whose identity I shan't reveal) is the GOLDEN MESSIAH OF TRUTH, as evidenced by this heavenly article. Everyone somewhere knows a Boo Flugs, especially those in middle school through college. THEY MUST BE STOPPED. If you or a loved one hear a Boo Flugs in the nearby vicinity, please use the NAPS(National Association for the Prevention of Stupidity)-approved responses given in the second sentence of the fourth paragraph of this article. Good night, and good luck.


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How to Find Commonality to Influence Employees
During a talk for CAFE (the Canadian Association of Family Enterprises) I made the comment that if you're finding it difficult to motivate those around you to have the same ambition and energy you do, there's a good chance that it's not them, it's you.
The most successful entrepreneurs and business leaders are influential, and they become influential by practicing the achievement of commonality based on adapting to individuality.
Sound complex? It's not and here's why.
Today and everyday, how you react and respond to the people and events around you are influenced by your perceptions. Your perceptions are in turn unique to you, which means that it is rare that your perceptions (and in turn your responses and reactions to events around you) will align completely with others you interact with.
In turn the greater your ability to find commonality by adapting to individuality, the greater your chances of influencing the people and environment that surround you.
If you've ever observed a good politician (I know, it's a stretch), or a likeable car salesman (another stretch!), what you will find is that they are highly flexible in how they listen to, approach and respond to those they interact with. They place intense focus on understanding the individuality of those they interact with in order to find commonality and adapt to it.
Finding commonality is based on assessing five separate components which is done in the form of questions that you can consider during (or prior to) an interaction with someone.
Here are the questions:
1. Life Experiences: What life experiences have influenced their perceptions of the world around them?
2. Generational Differences: Based on their generation, what are their likes, dislikes and preferences?
3. Behavioral Preferences: What behavioral patterns can you spot and how might these influence their perceptions?
4. Thought Patterns: What are their sensory experiences? How do they tend to filter their thoughts?
5. Social Environment: What are the attributes of the social environment that they exist in today?
Sound overwhelming? It's not. Take it from someone who started their own business at the age of fourteen and sold cars at the age of twenty-one!
Question: Consider an employee or customer that you work with frequently and answer the five questions below. Based on your responses how might you change your approach, conversations and interactions to create a more valuable interaction and in turn increase your influence?
© Shawn Casemore 2017. All rights reserved.


Prom Night in Mississippi
Prom Night in Mississippi
On DVD:
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Running Time:
90 minutes
Proms are nights filled with dancing, bad food, limo rides, and yards of tulle. They're generally not battles in the war on racism, at least not anymore, unless you live in Charleston, Mississippi. In 1997, Freeman told the school board of his home town that he would pay for the high school prom so long as it was integrated. The school board turned him down, opting to hold the usual separate proms for white students and black students. Ten years later, Morgan Freeman made the same offer and was told it would be accepted if the senior class agreed. Prom Night in Mississippi tells the story of the journey to Charleston's first integrated prom in spring of 2008, gathering insights on the state of race relations along the way and culminating in footage of that very successful and happy night. Watching it, I went from disbelief to a mixture of anger, frustration, and sadness and finally to joyous hope.
Writer/Director Paul Saltzman does an excellent job showing the excitement of most students and the resistance of some parents and a few students to the idea of an integrated prom. He takes us to Prom Committee meeting, dress shops, and, of course, to the prom itself, but the heart of Prom Night in Mississippi is a series of interviews with students, parents, and school staff. The vast majority of students in this 70% African American high school are eager for better race relations, but they are often trapped by their parents' views. Saltzman develops an excellent rapport with a small but diverse group and gets raw, honest, sometimes halting answers. It's especially poignant when the students express their feelings of friendship for students of a different race but are unable to give an answer to the question of why they don't date outside their race or why they haven't spent any time at the home of someone of a different race.
Some of the parents organize and throw a whites only prom, leading to much angst for some students who want to go and have fun with their friends while making their parents happy, but who also don't want to hurt their black friends or appear racist. Frustratingly, the parents refuse to appear on camera, going so far as to hire an attorney to protect their right not to be seen as racist. After all, they're just having a prom for students who "happen to be white." The blurred figure of one white student who remains disguised so his parents won't disown him speaks eloquently and regretfully of the racist attitudes held by the older generations, and we do hear from some parents who insist they aren't racist, but…It's always that but that kills me, and here the buts are as sad and maddening as you would expect.
Morgan Freeman appears in brief snippets throughout the film, offering his own insights, and his lack of screen time is particularly effective because Prom Night in Mississippi is about the kids, not him. He just wanted to help change what he called "the stupidest thing he had ever heard of." Freeman does attack one of the often unspoken problems head on: the still rampant fear of black males spending time with white females because sex might occur. The one interracial couple exemplifies this. They don't hold hands in public, and the white girl's father makes his opposition more than clear, though he insists he "didn't whup her" for it and actually comes across as conflicted and loving, but stuck in his long-held fears of integration. My favorite, weepiest, moment of the film came during the prom's Senior Walk when the couple is introduced to rousing cheers from the entire student body.
Prom Night in Mississippi isn't a hard-hitting expose on racism, and it doesn't need to be. It tells the story of kids who want to be, and often are, free from the racist views that trap their parents. It is also a charming story about kids who want to dress up and have fun with their friends—all of their friends. It works wonderfully on both levels.
For special features, there are some deleted and extended scenes that give a little more insight, a decent biography of Saltzman, a theatrical trailer, and a fascinating "Conversation with the Director and Producer" featurette. The film looks fabulous for a documentary with excellent cinematography and video/audio quality. Prom Night in Mississippi is a film festival award-winning film that deserves your attention, both as a well-made documentary and as a feel-good story about some great kids trying to change their corner of the world just by dancing together.
Review by Michelle St. James


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Silk Floss Trees in Spain • Ian
City landscaping can be boring. It is usually based on the idea of minimal maintenance, minimal plant cost, and marginally acceptable aesthetics. But occasionally, it surprises even me.
I happened to pass by La Caixa opposite "Parque de las Naciones" in Torrevieja just as the magnificent Silk floss trees (Ceiba speciosa/Chorisia speciosa) were in full bloom. Whauw! I always notice how many of these trees there are around town when they are in bloom – there are more of them than we think.
Considered one of the most beautiful trees in the world, the Silk floss tree is a deciduous tree and a member of the Bombacaceae, or cotton-tree family. It is also known as "Floss silk tree" and "'Kapok tree". Its common name in Spanish is "Palo borracho" (drunken tree). The common English name of Silk floss tree is more readily understood as the seeds are surrounded by a white, fluffy, silk-like material.
It is a fast growing tree ideal for spring and summer shade that can grow up to 60 feet (18 m) tall and almost as wide. A native of tropical climates of Brazil and Argentina, it prefers warm, humid environments, but can survive temperatures down to -7°C on an occasional basis, which means it survives fine here.
Silk floss tree is known for its beautiful flowers, large seedpods with a silky, cottony substance (kapok) within, and large thorns that grow from the greenish bark of the trunk protecting the trunk and limbs. The thorns are cone shaped and make you think twice before becoming a tree-hugger or trying to climb it. There is also a grafted thornless variety, but I don't think they are as decorative as the spiny ones.
In younger trees, the trunk is green due to its high clorophyll content, which makes it capable of performing photosynthesis when leaves are absent. With age it turns to gray. At full maturity the base trunk of the tree will become bloated with water – giving it a "bottle tree" look. The base fills with water storing cells causing the stretched bark to form green furrows along the gray bark.
Pale green leaves will emerge from the tree in spring, and when the leaves drop in autumn, they are replaced by spectacular star-shaped flowers in shades ranging from creamy white, through varying shades of pink, to dark red or purple. The flowers are often compared to lilies or hibiscus. They have five distinct petals and may be 4 to 6 inches (10-15cm) across. The trees are very showy when in peak bloom. The older the tree, the better the flower display.
 Silk-seedpods The flowers are replaced by inedible, avocado shaped fruits up to six inches (15cm) in length. The fruit is a capsule, consistent with most trees in this family, and is filled with seeds embedded in silky, white floss. When mature, the pods split open releasing the seeds to be dispersed by the wind.
The cotton-like substance of the floss, or kapok, has very smooth fibres – regrettably too smooth to be spun into textile thread. Because of the fact that this material is lighter than cotton, more buoyant and much more resistant to saturation of water (the floss can support 30 times its own weight in water), the kapok was in earlier times harvested commercially for stuffing life jackets, seat cushions, mattresses and saddles. Silk-kapok
 Silk-pink_flowers Silk floss trees are happy in most soils with good drainage, are very drought tolerant, and have no pest problems worth mentioning. For this reason, they are frequently planted in parks and along roadsides. It is also a premier tree choice for your landscape, but is not a tree for a small garden. Plant the tree in full sun with plenty of room to spread. Do not plant it near any structures as it will get big and eventually cause problems with its extensive roots and canopy. The trees can be a bit messy (leaves, flowers, fruit), but I find the mess easy to clean up compared with many other plan
How to grow your own silk floss trees
Propagation is usually by seeds. Sow seeds from spring to early summer. Use a mix of humus and garden soil. Plant seeds at 1 inch (2.5 cm) of depth and keep the plants at temperatures higher than 15°C. Water regularly, without letting the soil dry out for more than a day. Give your plants a rich fertilizing treatment once a month. Your seeds should germinate in 4 to 6 months, but it could be more - don't get discouraged.
Keep young plants away from strong winds, but always give them light and sun.The young trees start out growing fast, straight, and narrow, then slowly develop broadly spreading umbrella canopies as they age. With individual trees grown from seed there can be variations in the flower colours; more pink, more rose, etc.
Soon it will be time to harvest those seedpods if you want to give it a try…
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mL of the 10-mM solution with 90 mL of distilled water.
 4. Mix the solutions in a clean plastic cup.
 5. Thoroughly wash the graduated cylinders.
 6. Make a 0.1-mM solution.
 1. Use the cup labeled 0.1.
 - Mix 10 mL of the 1.0-mM solution with 90 mL of distilled water.
 3. Mix the solutions in a clean plastic cup.
 7. Pour 200 mL of distilled water into the cup labeled Blank.
Preparing Plates with Paper Strips
 1. Label five clean petri dishes (without agar), as follows: 100, 10, 1.0, 0.10, and Blank.
 2. Cut filter paper into 10 strips, each approximately 8 cm x 2 cm.
 3. Soak six filter paper strips in the distilled water, the Blank cup.
 4. Using a permanent marker, label four dry strips 100, 10, 1.0, and 0.10.
 5. Soak the labeled strips of filter paper in the appropriate cups containing glucose: 100 mM, 10 mM, 1.0 mM, or 0.10 mM.
 6. Allow the filter paper strips to soak for at least 15 min.
 7. Using forceps, take a filter paper strip from the distilled water, the cup labeled Blank. Allow excess fluid to drip off.
 8. Place five of the wet strips from the Blank cup on the bottom of each of the five sterile petri dishes, near the middle. See Figure 1.
MicroBiology Science fair project Experimental setup to test Physarum polycephalum chemotaxis
Figure 1. Experimental setup to test Physarum polycephalum chemotaxis using the filter paper strip method. Two strips of filter paper are placed below a growing Physarum culture. One strip was dipped in a test solution (marked with an "x") and the other strip was dipped in distilled water, the cup labeled Blank. In this example, all of the tests are "positive" for growth toward the strip with the test substance.
 1. Place the last wet strip from the Blank solution next to the strip in the plate labeled Blank.
 2. The two strips should abut against one another. See Figure 1.
 3. Remove a filter paper strip from the 100-mM glucose beaker; allow excess fluid to drip, and place the strip right next to the distilled water strip on the bottom of the petri dish labeled 100. The two strips should abut against one another.
 4. Repeat for the strips and plates marked 10, 1.0, and 0.10.
Adding Physarum Culture to the Strips
 1. Use a clean plastic knife to cut a plasmodium culture into blocks sized 0.5 cm x 0.5 cm.
 1. The plates you made with growing Physarum are plasmodium cultures. Now you can cut them up and use them for your experiments.
 2. Cut as many blocks as you need.
 2. Transfer four such blocks, plasmodium-side down, onto the junction of the two filter paper strips. See Figure 1 for an idea of spacing.
 1. When you select the agar block with Physarum to transfer, be sure that you cut a thick vein or sheet of "tissue" located toward the edge of the plasmodium. Do not transfer pieces of oatmeal from the stock culture.
 2. Repeat for all of the filter strip petri dishes.
 3. Wrap the dishes in aluminum foil and incubate them right side up at room temperature.
 4. Observe plasmodium movement every hour for several hours, and again the next day. You will need to unwrap the plates to observe them, but be sure you wrap them back up again. The yellow plasmodia will be easily seen if they migrate onto the white filter paper.
Observing the Plates
 1. Record all observations in your lab notebook, as follows. As an option, you could take pictures with a digital camera for your Science Project Display Board.
 1. For each plate, record the number of cultures that are growing farther into the glucose as Positive Toward Glucose in your lab notebook.
 2. Record the number of cultures that are growing equally in the glucose or the water strips as Neutral.
 3. Record the number of cultures that are growing farther toward the Blank strip as Negative, Away from Glucose.
 4. Use your judgment about what to score as positive, neutral, or negative.
Repeating the Procedure
 1. Perform the entire procedure two more times with fresh materials. This will show that your results are repeatable.
Graphing Your Results
 1. Combine the data for each trial.
 2. Graph the concentration of glucose on the x-axis and the number of Positive Toward Glucose on the y-axis.
 3. On a separate graph, graph the concentration of glucose on the x-axis and the number of Neutral on the y-axis.
 4. On a separate graph, graph the concentration of glucose on the x-axis and the number of Negative, Away from Glucose on the y-axis.
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 - Try other chemicals, such as sugars, salts, amino acids, etc.
 - Try soaking the strips in cultures of Physarum's "natural" diet, such as bacteria or yeast.
 - Try mixing an attractant chemical with a chemical you've found to be a repellent.
 - Make a 1-cm-diameter round punch to cut out and transfer Physarum polycephalum cultures.
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Dictionary definitions of all three are very similar, typically something like:
a pithy observation which contains a general truth
But the wikipedia entries for each are quite different. Are these words largely interchangeable synonyms?
In the wikipedia entry for adage, for example, a proverb is defined as an adage produced from folk wisdom, whereas an aphorism has "not necessarily gained credit through long use, but is distinguished by particular depth or good style".
share|improve this question
I just glanced at the Wikipedia entries, and they don't seem all that different to me. The three terms may be described in different ways; nevertheless, the underlying meanings still seem closely related. I'd have no problem calling them "synonymous," but I'd be wary about calling them "interchangeable synonyms," because words are seldom interchangeable in all contexts (I probably wouldn't talk about the "adages of Solomon," for example.) – J.R. Jul 1 '12 at 17:38
Sounds like general reference to me and I've voted to close for that reason. – Barrie England Jul 1 '12 at 17:46
_USER_.R. Edited the interchangeable bit. Also included some material from wikipedia that makes a distinction. I have seen others try to distinguish these terms in other ways, for example, that a proverb must have moral content. – z7sg Ѫ Jul 1 '12 at 17:47
_USER_: It's only my 2 cents, but I think your changes have improved the question considerably. – J.R. Jul 1 '12 at 17:50
4 Answers 4
up vote 5 down vote accepted
It is common to find different words existing in English to represent a similar idea. It is an essential characteristic of a language with a long history.
To give you some idea: (I have linked the etymologies as well, which could give some idea about the original differences between the words which have deteriorated over time and use.)
A 'definition' or concise statement of a principle in any science (OED)
This is essentially used to refer to a definition in science or any other technical education.
A maxim handed down from antiquity (OED)
Any principle bequeathed from the past is an adage.
A short pithy saying in common and recognized use (OED)
A proverb has to be pithy and also common in use.
However we can certainly say that these distinctions in the definition are largely ignored in practical usage. Along with these three words, others like saw, maxim and apothegm could also be used interchangeably. Proverb, adage and maxim are the commonest from what I have encountered.
share|improve this answer
I like your answer, but I did want to add that apothegm is hardly a widely-used term (although you're entirely correct about it being highly synonymous). – J.R. Jul 1 '12 at 17:47
_USER_.R.: Definitely, I have come across saw and apothegm only in crosswords. – Bravo Jul 1 '12 at 17:48
"Old saw" is a fairly common or even clichéd phrase, usually used pejoratively to mean "folk wisdom" Wikipedia – Andrew Leach Jul 1 '12 at 18:30
You could say that an aphorism is a perverse or paradoxical proverb; a corrective for experience. Auden says they're an aristocratic genre of writing (Viking Book of Aphorisms). Hollingdale in his introduction to Lichtenberg Aphorims says they're 'philosophical,' while epigrams are not, and they have the impact of the punch line of a joke, For example:
There are truths that go around so dressed up you would take them for lies, but which are pure truths none the less.
The world offers more correction than consolation.
God who winds up our sundials.
Georg Chrisotoph Lichtenberg
A proverb is "a short pithy saying in common use, a concise sentence, which is held to express some truth ascertained by experience or observation and familiar to all." Shorter Oxford English Dictionary.
Webster's Second: A proverb is an adage couched usually in homely and vividly concrete phrase; as, "accused (in the phrase of a homely proverb) of being 'penny-wise and pound-foolish' The Spectator".
"An adage is a saying of long-established authority and universal application," Webster's Second. Shorter Oxford shows "adagial" - maybe similar to "proverbial"? and cites Lady Macbeth, 'And live a coward in thine own esteem, Letting "I dare not" wait upon "I would" Like the poor cat i' the adage?'
An apothegm is "a terse, pointed saying embodying an important truth in a few words," Shorter Oxford; "a terse and sententious aphorism," Webster's Second
Liddell & Scott say of the Greek apophthegm, "to speak one's opinion plainly; metaphorical of vessels when struck."
A saying "is a brief current or habitual expression of whatever form," Webster's Second.
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Wikipedia's "Saying" article includes the following brief defintions of the three terms you mention:
Aphorism – A concise definition, notably memorable.
Adage – An aphorism that has gained credibility by virtue of long use.
Proverb – An expression of practical truth or wisdom.
The three words are not interchangeable, in that a given saying might qualify for one or two of the categories but not the others. For example, proverb "You can lead a horse to water, but you can't make him drink" may also be termed an adage, but does not rise to the level of aphorism.
The most concise statement of differences I've seen is from Wikipedia's "Adage" article:
Some adages are products of folk wisdom that attempt to summarize some of the basic truth; these are generally known as proverbs or bywords. An adage that describes a general rule of conduct is a "maxim". A pithy expression that has not necessarily gained credit through long use, but is distinguished by particular depth or good style is an aphorism, while one distinguished by wit or irony is an epigram.
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I noticed that section already and edited my question! ;) But I think here I am challenging the claims made on wikipedia which lack references and evidence of research. – z7sg Ѫ Jul 1 '12 at 17:53
Something I noticed reading in Wikipedia that I have not seen mentioned in your posts is that an aphorism is a an "original" statement. That alone seems to help easily distinguish it among the others. Example: Carpe diem... which is original in that we know the author of the statement was Horace from the poem Odes 23 BC. But it is short, concise, memorable, from antiquity, commonly used and understood broadly even though it is still quoted in its original language. It is formal and philosophical, yet practical. I think it could fit all the categories that we have been discussing. What do you think?
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Your Answer


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Freedom of speech, School sports laws, Social advocacy
The article focuses on prospective path toward safeguarding students' First Amendment free speech rights in K-12 schools and intersection of social activism and sports and the implications of this relationship for public school students and preservation of student freedom of expression rights.
Laura Rene McNeal,
From Hoodies to Kneeling During the National Anthem: The Colin Kaepernick Effect and Its Implications for K-12 Sports,
78 La. L. Rev.
Available at: _URL_


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Activity 19.1.3 – Discovering family similarities
Dimitri Mendeleev, a Russian chemist, created the first version of the Periodic Table of the Elements (figure 19.3) in 1869. When he ordered the elements according to increasing atomic weight in columns so that rows contained analogous elements, he saw patterns that allowed him to predict the properties of elements yet to be discovered. Mendeleev's task was formidable because there was relatively little data to work with, and no electronic tools to organize it. Today, however, we have an abundance of information as well as database tools that allow us to instantly group data by common characteristics. Database technology has fueled the Information Revolution by allowing us to store and examine large amounts of data. In this activity you will use a database program to separate data by groups and summarize your findings.
Table 19.2 (see book) arranges the elements in terms of increasing atomic number. No patterns or trends are seen when the elements are displayed in this fashion. If, however, elements are arranged as seen in the periodic table, those with similar properties are grouped together. Each column represents a family of elements that have similar electron configuration and similar chemical properties. Although the periodic table makes it easy to see which elements have similar properties (those in the same family or column), it does not allow for an easy comparison of these properties. By contrast, table 19.2 lists much specific information about the properties of the elements, but does not allow for comparison of family (group) data, unless first arranged by group.
Sort the elements by group, then calculate average group values for heat of fusion, specific heat, thermal conductivity, and other properties of your choice using the subtotal command and average option. List your results. Database.
(1) Which families are most similar to each other?
(2) Which families are most dissimilar to each other?


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Knowledge Discovery from Graphs (Invited Talk)
Jensen, David (2001) Knowledge Discovery from Graphs (Invited Talk). In: Graph Drawing 8th International Symposium, GD 2000, September 20–23, 2000, Colonial Williamsburg, VA, USA, p. 170 (Official URL: _URL_
Full text not available from this repository.
Knowledge discovery is the process of discovering useful and previously unknown knowledge by analyzing large databases. Knowledge discovery is also sometimes called "data mining" or "applied machine learning." A new generation of knowledge discovery tools are beginning to address data that can be expressed as large graphs. Example applications include fraud detection in telecommunication networks and classifying Web pages based on hyperlink structure. These new technologies for knowledge discovery are becoming increasingly relevant to graph drawing. Specifically, graph drawing can aid the process of knowledge discovery by providing visualizations that reveal useful patterns in the data. Conversely, knowledge discovery can provide guidance for graph drawing by identifying recurring substructures or by classifying nodes into distinct types. Attempts to exploit the synergy between the two fields raises interesting new research questions. How should knowledge about a domain affect the drawing of graphs about that domain? What types of knowledge are most easily discovered using visualization, as opposed to automated statistical algorithms? These questions were posed in the context of several examples of knowledge discovery applied to large graphical data sets.
Repository Staff Only: item control page


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Working with "Continous" (real-valued,"streaming") time data
Networks in SoNIA are not limited to the standard notion of a set of relations among a set of entities at a given point in time. Instead, consider the entities (or nodes and individuals) as a stream of events. Every event has a real-valued time coordinate indicating when it occurs. If the event is not instantaneous, it also has an ending coordinate to indicate its duration. A node-event, for example, can describe a company which comes into existence on Jan 1, 1990 and then dissolves on June 1, 1996. Alternatively, a node event might describe a single observation of a node, such as an individual in a friendship survey wave done in 1995.
Node-events can describe more than just the presence of a node in the data. They can also indicate changes in the node's attributes (or in our case, the iconic representation of the attributes: color, shape, size, labeling, etc). In a sense, an event can be thought of as piece of information (existence, an attribute, sometimes coordinates) describing an entity (the node) at a position in time. Arc-events function in much the same way, except that they are tied to two entities, the sending and receiving nodes. In this framework multiple ties, multiplex ties, or ties overlapping in time are completely permitted.
There are several advantages to this structure. One is efficient storage and computation because it is essentially a list-based approach, which helps for storing large, sparse networks. It also provides some conceptual clarity for expressing nodes' changing attributes, and changing network sizes. But the main advantage is that data can be easily transformed into more traditional matrices or arc-lists for calculations or visualization in a way that is both flexible and encourages careful consideration of the theoretical structure backing the data and its time mode (i.e., discrete vs. continuous)
Browse and navigate network time data
SoNIA is designed to make it easy to select the range of continous time data to work with, slice and bin it into networks, and move easily through the networks
Animation Between Layouts
SoNIA allows the user to apply layout algorithms to each "slice" or time point in the network independently. Ideally, this means that the node positions in each layout are indicative of the relations between them. However, it would be difficult to visually understand a "movie" of these layouts because nodes and arcs change position drastically between frames. SoNIA tries to aid the eye in following the changing relations by allowing the user to display a series of frames "between" the slice time points in which the coordinates are interpolated between the starting and ending positions. The result is a much smoother "animation" of structural change.
Export QuickTime movies
Stress & Stability Reporting
Network data is generally quite "high dimensional", meaning that it is difficult or impossible to create a two-dimensional representation in which all the distance relations among the nodes hold true. That being the case, it seems important to give the user a sense of "how bad" a particular representation is at conveying the network relations. We've included a version of Kruskal's stress, a measure of the distortion between the distances as represented on the screen, and as expressed in the all-pairs-shortest-path geodesic matrix. Also displayed is a "Shepard's Plot" which shows the matrix and (re-scaled) screen distances plotted against each other for a more detailed qualitative examination of distortion.
Feedback on Layout Convergance
SoNIA provides feedback on the convergance of the layout algorithms to help in making assesments of the quality of a layout.
Dealing with Messy Networks
We've designed SoNIA with the folowing conditions in mind (that's not to say we have particularly good solutions!):
- Networks which change size over time (nodes enter or leave the network)
- Relations (ties) which are added or deleted (this is what is usually meant by "change" in a network)
- Relations which change in strength over time
- Multiple simultaneous or "multiplex" relations between nodes
- Self relations (loops)
- Negitive relations
- Node or relation attributes which change over time (color, size,transparency, etc)
- Networks which are not fully connected (contain multiple components or isolates)
- Asymmetric relations
- Real-valued relations
SoNIA has been coded in Java. This means that SoNIA is theoretically cross-platform compatible and will run on any machine in which Java 1.3.1 or later is installed.
Much of the numerics (random number generation, matrix operations) are based on the Colt scientific computing java library developed at CERN, available at (_URL_
SoNIA currently uses the QTJava QuickTime libraries from Apple Computer (_URL_ to export and save movies. The package and the player are also free, but only available for Macs and Windows machines.


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Pinaceae cones the members of the pine family (pines, spruces, firs, cedars, larches, etc.) have cones that are imbricate (that is, with scales overlapping each other like fish scales). These are the "archetypal" cones. The scales are spirally arranged in fibonacci number ratios.
The female cone has two types of scale: the bract scales, derived from a modified leaf, and the seed scales (or ovuliferous scales), one subtended by each bract scale, derived from a highly modified branchlet.
Uploaded: Jul 15, 2016


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Dear Teacher Columnists Win 2001 Journalism Award
Authors of the King Features Syndicate column "Dear Teacher," Peggy Gisler and Marge Eberts, received a 2001 Award for Excellence in news reporting from the Stuttering Foundation of America (SFA). The "Dear Teacher" columnists were one of 7 recipients chosen by the SFA for successfully enhancing the public's understanding of this complex speech disorder.
"Journalists have given unprecedented attention to the causes and treatment of stuttering over the past year," said Jane Fraser, president of the 54-year-old nonprofit foundation. "The entries from print, radio and electronic media have shown an increased sensitivity to a speech disorder that affects millions of people."
The "Dear Teacher" column recognized by the SFA was one that offered teachers resource information and timely tips for children who stutter in the classroom.
The Stuttering Foundation is a nonprofit organization based in Memphis, Tenn., that has worked toward the prevention and improved treatment of stuttering since 1947. For more information call the SFA toll free at _PHONE_ or log on to their Web site at _URL_.
Click here to learn more about "Dear Teacher" authors Peggy Gisler and Marge Eberts.


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The VIBE Deck
Designed especially for teachers ready to re-imagine the way we teach and build relationships in the classroom.Pre-Order Today!
Are you looking for ways to engage with your students in a more meaningful and purposeful way? Want to be ready for fun at the drop of a hat?
Designed especially for teachers ready to re-imagine the way we teach and build relationships in the classroom. Fan the entire deck and see what happens or be more strategic and address a situation with a specific category. Either way - have some music ready, because you might end up with a dance party!
Lesson planning, testing, meetings, communications with parents, grading - a never-ending list of tasks. And we're also dealing with stringent COVID protocols that put school safety as a top priority. We've become specialists with a ton of different hats: we are counselors, parents, police, security guards, behavioralists...long gone are days of just teaching content. Good teachers know how critical it is to build strong relationships and the more connected you are as a class, the more learning happens in the classroom. A strong foundation opens the door to deep learning. But the question is always time, isn't it? WHEN are you supposed to build relationships and how do you have the brain power for that with everything else you've gotta do?
The intention of the VIBE Deck is to make circles easy and accessible to all teachers.
TEACHERS WHO USE CIRCLES REGULARLY REPORT:
- An increase in their students' public speaking abilities and confidence
- Increased understanding, empathy and compassion for both students and teachers (peer to peer, student to teacher, teacher to student)
- Higher attendance (your students won't want to miss your class!)
- Increase in test scores and improved GPAs (Duh! They care more!!)
- Increased effectiveness in time and behavior management
- Increased ability to resolve conflicts peacefully Stronger bonds with classmates, which ultimately lead to...
- A decrease in drama! (Let's face it - we'd all love a little less drama in our classrooms!)
- 5 Categories: Keep the Peace, Building Blocks, Just Cuz', Take It Deeper, Let's Get Real!
- 10 questions, prompts and fill-in-the-blanks per category (That's enough content for an entire year!)
- 4 Wild Cards: (You gotta buy the deck to find out what the Wild Cards are!)
- Each category is color-coded and labeled with a specific icon for easy identification
- Includes a booklet with instructions, reminders, quick tips, and definitions


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Sorry, Prove it... can be negative.
Convert (-3,4) to polar coordinates.
I get (5, -4.140), but it's wrong.
The solution is supposed to be (5, 2.21) or (-5, 5.36).
Why do I keep getting the wrong answer?
.. How did you get that angle?
- - + - + - - - -
We see that:.
The angle is:.
This translates to positive angles of:.
You should be aware that there are an infinite number of ways
.. to designate a point in polar coordinates.
Two of the ways are:. and
Recall how polar coordinates are plotted.
The first tells us:
.. stand at the pole (origin), face East, turn 2.21 radians CCW
.. and walk forward 5 units.
This places us at the point in Quadrant 2.
The second tells us:
.. stand at the pole, face East, turn 5.36 radians CCW
.. and walk backward 5 units.
This places us at the same point.


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Baptism records are an important source of genealogical information. In many countries, churches were the only institutions keeping records of baptisms, and hence of births.
The baptism record
This record is normally a very short piece of text. However, important information can be learned from it: name of child, date of baptism, date of birth, parents' names, witnesses names, place of residence. Furthermore, from the signatures one can determine that the parents/witnesses had basic schooling.
The Catholic Church started to keep registries for the sacraments of baptism and marriage. This started in the 14th century in Italy and France. The oldest known registries are kept in the city of Geiry (France) and date back to 1334.
The Catholic Church decided during the Council of Trente on November 11, 1563 on the rules concerning the keeping of parish registries for baptisms and marriages. Since 1614 death records also became obligatory. These dates are hence the earliest dates one can realistically attempt to obtain in the creation of a family tree.
Note that the introduction of a civil office occurs in general in the period following the French Revolution. These documents, birth certificates, are in general more easy to track than baptism records.
The image to the left is a birth certificate from 1748, found in a parish registry of a parish near Ghent, Belgium. The Latin text reads roughly:
10 jan bap(tizavi) adrianuam jacobam f(ili)am adriani van poeke et isabelle raeman conj(ugum) natam hodie 3 pom(eridiana):susc(eptores):Jacobus De geest et Adriana Meirlaens. J.B. van Hecke, vicep(astor)
Its English translation is:
10 january I baptised Adriana Jacoba, daughter of Andreas Van Poecke and Isabella Raeman, married couple, born today 3 o'clock in the afternoon, witnesses Jacobus De Geest and Adriana Meirlaens. J.B. Van Hecke, vicepastor.
Furthermore, the top of the page in the registry lists 1748.
From these few lines of text, a lot of information is available:
- the repository where the source is found
- the source where this record is located
- the page/number of the entry (if present), and the effective text (in original language and translated)
- father's name
- mother's name
- child's name
- date of baptism (and parish where it is performed)
- date and hour of birth (place of birth can sometimes be inferred)
- names of two witnesses
- name of priest


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Mateljan Family History
Mateljan Surname History
There is a Mateljan family story that the Mateljan family originated in Holland but moved into Croatia about 1300 years ago. From Croatia, branches of the family moved to the United States and Australia. This Mateljan research page contains the accumulated history of the Mateljan last name made up of user-contributed content from other AncientFaces users. The Mateljan family is an old family line that has spread all across the world over time, and as the Mateljan family has migrated it has changed, making it's history challenging to uncover.
According to one Mateljan family story, the Mateljan crest originated in Holland. Around 1300 years ago, the family migrated to Croatia and hundreds of years later, one branch went to America (after World War II) and one branch went to Australia (see "fun facts" below for information on the Australian branch.)
Mateljan country of origin
No content has been submitted about the Mateljan country of origin. The following is speculative information about Mateljan. You can submit your information by clicking Edit.
The nationality of Mateljan may be very difficult to determine because country boundaries change over time, leaving the original nationality a mystery. The original ethnicity of Mateljan may be difficult to determine based on whether the surname originated organically and independently in multiple locales; e.g. in the case of names that are based on a professional trade, which can crop up in multiple countries independently (such as the name "Brewster" which refers to a female brewer).
Meaning of the last name Mateljan
No content has been submitted about the meaning of Mateljan. The following is speculative information about Mateljan. You can submit your information by clicking Edit.
The meaning of Mateljan come may come from a trade, such as the name "Dean" which may have been adopted by members of the clergy. Some of these trade-based last names might be a profession in a different language. Because of this it is essential to know the nationality of a name, and the languages used by its early ancestors. Many modern names like Mateljan come from religious texts such as the Quran, the Bhagavadgītā, the Bible, and so forth. Often these surnames relate to a religious sentiment such as "Worthy of praise".
- George Mateljan 1888 - 1978
- Elizabeth Mateljan 1914 - 2003
- Dan Z Mateljan 1935 - 2004
- M L Mateljan 1935 - 1989
- Charles James Mateljan 1937 - 2006
- Frank Mateljan 1910 - 1982
- Steve Mateljan 1891 - 1973
- Joseph Mateljan 1928 - 2005
- Lucy Mateljan 1892 - 1979
- William A Mateljan 1921 - 1988
- Stephanie Mateljan 1908 - 1996
- Caroline Mateljan 1913 - 1974
- Nicholas Mateljan 1895 - 1968
- Joseph Mateljan 1909 - 1961
- John Mateljan 1908 - 1978
- Bartholome V Mateljan 1918 - 1994
- Mary A Mateljan 1915 - 2000
- Mike Mateljan 1907 - 1964
- Jennie Mateljan 1914 - 1994
- Bernard Mateljan 1914 - 1990
Mateljan Family Tree
Famous people named Mateljan
No famous people named Mateljan have been submitted. You can submit your information by clicking Edit.
Nationality and Ethnicity of Mateljan
No content has been submitted about the ethnicity of Mateljan. The following is speculative information about Mateljan. You can submit your information by clicking Edit.
We do not have a record of the primary ethnicity of the name Mateljan. Many surnames travel around the world throughout the ages, making their original nationality and ethnicity difficult to trace.
More about the name Mateljan
Fun facts about the Mateljan family
- If your grandfather was Tony Mateljan (son of Ante) who was born in Grohote on the island of Sholta on the Dalmation coast of Croatia, contact me as you are step-family. Tony had 3 wives and his 3rd wife was my grandmother Jozitsa. Tony fathered 2 other children - Beppie (RIP) and Terry (RIP). email me _EMAIL_
Mateljan spelling variations
No content has been submitted about alternate spellings of Mateljan. The following is speculative information about Mateljan. You can submit your information by clicking Edit.
Understanding misspellings and alternate spellings of the Mateljan family name are important to understanding the etymology of the name. In early history when few people could write, names such as Mateljan were written down based on how they were heard by a scribe when people's names were recorded in court, church, and government records. This could have given rise misspellings of Mateljan. Names like Mateljan vary in how they're said and written as they travel across tribes, family branches, and countries over the years.


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Dear candidates: We really appreciate the time and effort you put in throughout our selection process. As of today, this position is no longer vacant. If more opportunities come up in the future, we will also post them on Applecensorship.com
An open invitation to open minds.
Come to AppleCensorship, where few individual imaginations gather together to pave the way to a digital world free from censorship. Here, you'll do more than join something — you'll add something.
Job Title: Researcher/Writer (Part-Time)
Date of Joining: May 2021
Duration: 12 months
Reporting to: Campaign and Advocacy Director
The mission of AppleCensorship is to track down and expose occurrences of censorship and arbitrary removals of apps from Apple's App Store. We monitor and report on instances when Apple removes apps from certain country-based app stores, often in compliance with requests from repressive governments. We also advocate for Apple to change their App Store Review Guidelines, which in their current form violate the fundamental human rights of millions of Apple users around the world. Most notably, human rights defenders, journalists, lawyers and activists who operate in China and other repressive environments are most impacted by Apple's arbitrary censorship and compliance with authoritarian governments worldwide. In accordance with the U.N Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, AppleCensorship seeks to encourage Apple to place respect of human rights ahead of its financial interests. AppleCensorship is actively engaging with stakeholders on these issues, including human rights organizations and community members, app developers, and local groups most affected by Apple's harm. AppleCensorship is a project of GreatFire.org, which monitors and challenges internet censorship in China.
The Researcher/Writer (Part-Time) will:
- Write in-depth reports and supervise the editorial and translation processes.
- Produce high quality and varied research for a range of audiences including analysis, report writing and visual presentations.
- Identify and frame research topics to conduct in-depth studies and investigations, using data gathered using AppleCensorship.com's App Store Monitor tool. as well as external sources and materials.
- Conduct online and offline research on censorship of apps by Apple as well as on the impact of the company's processes which lead to such cases of censorship.
- Interview and engage with stakeholders (end-users, developers, human rights organizations, tech specialists, Apple executives, etc.) to collect information.
- Analyze the local context and environment on both macro and micro levels as it relates to censorship by Apple. Conduct quantitative and qualitative analysis on specific apps and cases of confirmed or alleged arbitrary removal of apps and their impact.
- Conduct legal analysis and comparative studies of the legal framework in authoritarian regimes and countries where cases of app censorship have been reported and how this relates to Apple's business practices in these countries.
- Provide recommendations and suggest best practices in order to expand or adjust AppleCensorship's advocacy efforts with the end goal of ending Apple censorship.
- Maintain record of research process, including written log of methods and actions employed, data sourced used, and raw data produced for subsequent analysis.
- Supervise illustration (including data visualization, charts, graphs, tables, pictures, infographics, and diagrams) work throughout the editorial process.
- Assist in report dissemination and the creation of promotional materials, such as press releases, social media posts, and media blurbs…
Qualifications (must have):
- There is no degree requirement for this position. However, we will consider applicants with relevant skills and experience, including those with degrees in political science, International law, or a closely related field. Current Master's or PhD degree seekers are welcome to apply.
- Ability and willingness to work under tight deadlines;
- Familiarity with MS Office applications or Google suite, data analysis;
- Excellent English oral and written communication skills;
Qualifications (nice to have): Specializations in digital mobile industry OR human rights and censorship OR Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) OR International law; Advanced knowledge of iOS and the App Store environment; Advanced knowledge of China is helpful, including Chinese language skills;
Job level: Early Career to Experienced
Contract: Freelance Contract / fixed term contract
Salary: 750 – 1250 $
Application process: Send an email with your resume and cover letter to [email protected]
All applications are handled with utmost care for privacy and security of applicant. For additional security, create a free ProtonMail account before sending your email to us.


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Fast science: DOE turns on its 100-gigabit data network
The Energy Department has just increased the capacity of its scientific data networks with the launch of a national 100 gigabit/sec Ethernet network. The new system allows scientists to move and share large amounts of data in real time, and to view experiments and tests remotely with no latency.
Big science requires big data pipes to move all that information around. This is especially true for the DOE, which maintains the Energy Sciences Network (ESnet) that links its national laboratories and international science partners.
Managed by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the Ethernet system was developed under the Advanced Networking Initiative (ANI) and funded with $62 million from the federal Recovery and Reinvestment Act, said Steve Cotter, the ESnet department head at Berkeley Lab.
Energy building 100-gigabit/sec network to handle data 'explosion'
DOE completes first cross-country 100-gigabit network
The additional bandwidth was necessary because the DOE's existing 10 gigabit/sec network was no longer sufficient to handle the data flow. Cotter noted that since 1990, traffic on ESnet has grown by a factor of 10 roughly every 40 months. "We're in the age of observation in science with instruments collecting more data than ever before," he said.
When funds were approved for the project in 2009, DOE began looking at commercial firms developing 100-gigabit systems. However, this was at the height of the economic downturn, which had caused many firms to delay or put off work in high-speed networking technology, Cotter said. This situation was cause for concern. "The DOE was concerned about losing its scientific competitiveness," he said.
Scientific productivity is based on the ability to move and share data quickly. Because industry was delaying the deployment of 100-gigabit Ethernet technology, it took some persuasion from DOE, in the form of ANI, to move the industry along more quickly than it would have by creating a new market, Cotter said. The department worked with a number of commercial firms, such as Level 3 Communications and LGS Innovations, to push their routing and optical networking technologies to new levels.
The first part of the new network was activated this month and connects three major DOE computing facilities — the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center in Berkeley, Calif.; the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility near Chicago; the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility in Oak Ridge, Tenn. — and the MAN LAN international exchange point in New York City.
By the end of 2012, ESnet will deploy 100-gigabit connections across the entire DOE network to support scientists across the country. According to DOE, the network is the fastest of its kind in the world.
Another facet of the net Ethernet network is that it was designed from the ground up to measure the energy consumption of all devices connected to it. This will provide scientists with real-time data about the total energy costs associated with data networking, Cotter said.
Networking technology is optimized for speed, but at a cost of energy efficiency. IT systems use a significant amount of the world's energy, Cotter said. Data collected from the network will be used for IT energy efficiency research. "We need to get a handle on that," he said.


Question: Can I Own A Tiger In California?
Pets you can't legally own in California.
California has some of the strictest laws in the nation on animal ownership.
Some of the animals, such as the tiger, are exotic and no-nos for the obvious reasons, yet it's not illegal to own them in other states.
10 Exotic Pets That Are Legal to Own in California
 - Hybrid Cats. These exotic pets which are actually technically domesticated—perhaps more so than a common non-pedigree cat—are legal in most states depending on their percentage of so-called wild genetics.
 - Zebras.
 - Monitor Lizards.
 - American Bison.
 - Second Generation 'Wolfdogs'
 - Large Constrictor Snakes.
 - Toucans.
 - Camels.
What states can you own a tiger?
Can you own a tiger in Tennessee?
Can you own a meerkat in California?
Yes, you can technically own a meerkat as a pet. Actually, most species that are available and survive in captivity can be privately owned.
What pets are illegal in California?
5 Popular Animals that are Illegal as Pets in California
 1. Ferrets. Ferrets are Mustelids, the biological family that also includes otters, mink, weasels, and polecats.
 2. Hedgehogs. It is illegal to keep a hedgehog as a pet in California.
 3. Monkeys.
 4. Squirrels.
 5. Gerbils.
Can you own a wolf in California?
Wolfdogs, also referred to as wolf hybrids, are confusing to define. Almost all wolves in captivity possess the genetics of domesticated dogs to some degree and can be considered 'wolfdogs' outside of species survival programs. In California, wolfdogs that are F3 and less (F4, F5, ect.) are legal.
How much does a liger cost?
Does Shaq own tigers?
The former NBA star was seen in the documentary socializing with Exotic and even buying tigers from the controversial figure. Now, Shaq claims he doesn't own any tigers, but he's commented on buying them in the past. We take pictures with tigers. We went back a couple times," he revealed.
Can you have a hyena as a pet?
Yes, Hyena can be kept as pet but with great safety precaution and care on your part as they are still wild animals. There are those who condemn keeping wild animals as pets but who ironically own dogs and cats themselves forgetting that all domesticated animals were once wild.


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Meaning : Back when pluto was a planet
Category : Science
Sub Category : Astronomy
What does BWPWAP mean or stand for?
BWPWAP is the short form for describing the erstwhile last planet of our solar system.Until recently Pluto was designated a planet that revolved around the sun.However there had been an ongoing debate to demote its title to a satellite of Neptune or just another heavenly body that revolved around the sun.
The fact of the matter is that Pluto is way too small to be considered a planet,and there are many other cosmic rocks that revolve around the sun and are not considered planets.Due to this we use the phrase BWPWAP.


ing to his support team who had been desperately searching for him "The Devil" he said, "is a gentleman.
The Rebreather – how it works
What gases are in the air and what happens when we breathe them?
The air around us is a mixture of gases, 21% oxygen and 78% nitrogen with a small percentage of other gases. The body needs energy in order to live, this is obtained by combining food with oxygen, a process called metabolism. Carbon dioxide is a waste gas produced during metabolism and is removed from the body in the exhaled breath. Nitrogen is an inert gas, which washes around the body, it does not aid metabolism but acts as a carrier for the oxygen.
How does a rebreather work?
A rebreather allows the diver to 're-breath' the same breathing gas continually. Unlike the more common 'open circuit' scuba diving equipment, the exhaled breath, which now contains carbon dioxide, does not escape in a mass of bubbles to the surface but stays within the rebreather system. A chemical scrubber consisting of absorbent soda-lime absorbs the carbon dioxide from the exhaled breath and more oxygen is added to the breathing gas from a small cylinder. It's an endless loop of breathing in and out, adding more oxygen and removing the carbon dioxide.
Why use a rebreather for cave diving?
As Rick explained above, the rebreather contains three gases, which are oxygen, nitrogen and helium, known as tri-mix. Using a rebreather, the mixture of these gases can be continually adjusted during the dive giving the diver the optimum breathing gas mix for that depth throughout the dive.
Deeper than thirty meters, nitrogen becomes increasingly narcotic with effects similar to being drunk, a condition called nitrogen narcosis. As the diver's depth increases, the rebreather can be used to reduce the amount of nitrogen in the breathing gas by replacing some of it with helium and helping to prevent the effects of nitrogen narcosis.
When oxygen is compressed it can become poisonous, so the rebreather is used to reduce the percentage of oxygen and prevent the diver suffering from oxygen toxicity. On the surface the rebreather can provide pure oxygen to help remove residual nitrogen from the body, thus reducing the risk of decompression illness.
The breathing gas in a rebreather is continually recycled, greatly extending the time the diver can stay underwater. This also reduces the need for large numbers of cylinders to be carried into the cave.
Annette Price Photographer
Annette Price
About the Author
Annette Price. I am a wild places and adventure sports photographer, which means that I am passionate about getting outdoors, camping, caving, getting wet and muddy and photographing the landscapes and people that I find. Water is a big attraction for me and I love being in, on and under it and am a serial kayak paddler. I hope you enjoy the articles, kit reviews and photography on this website and that they help you to get outdoors exploring new places and activities.
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Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Abbreviation of "term frequency over inverse document frequency".
Alternative forms
- (information retrieval) A mathematical approximation to the importance of a particular word in a given piece of text.
- The relevance of a document to a given search query can be guessed using the TF-IDF of each word they have in common.


_USER_ { author = {Nemtsov, Alex and Kirshkov, Pavel}, title = {Electrochemical Characterization of Titanium Oxide Nanoparticle through Anodic Oxidation}, journal = {Medbiotech Journal}, volume = {04}, number = {02}, pages = {83-86}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Rose Publication Company, Melbourne, Australia}, issn = {2209-2528}, eissn = {2209-2536}, doi = {10.22034/mbt.2020.109583}, abstract = {Titanium oxide nanotubes were fabricated by anodic oxidation of a pure titanium sheet in 1.5 M H2SO4, 0.3 M H3PO4 and 0.3 M H2O2 mixture solution. The morphology of Titanium oxide nanotubes surface were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM). These tubes are well aligned and organized into high-density uniform arrays. While the tops of the tubes are open, the bottoms of the tubes are closed, forming a barrier layer structure similar to that of porous alumina. The average tube diameter, ranging in size from 40 to 70 nm.}, keywords = {Nanotubes,titanium oxide,Anodizing,Scanning Electron Microscope}, url = {_URL_ eprint = {_URL_ }


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A morphological chart is a visual way to capture the necessary product functionality and explore alternative means and combinations of achieving that functionality. For each element of product function, there may be a number of possible solutions. The chart enables these solutions to be expressed and provides a structure for considering alternative combinations. This can enable the early consideration of the product 'architecture' through the generation and consideration of different combinations of'sub-solutions' that have not previously been identified. Used appropriately, it can help to encourage a user driven approach to the generation of potential solution.\
- List product functions.
- List the possible'means' for each function.
- Chart functions and means & explore combinations
Chart gives various no. of alternative solution for the problem. choose each alternative evaluate them on
your design criteria. and now you have got the pefect solution.


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1. The child appears to cry out in pain as teacher Yan Yanhong 20 lifts him into the air by his ears.
2. A small boy is seen with his mouth taped shut ("It was well deserved", Yan Yanhong noted)
3. Yan Yanhong-Wenling, a city in China's eastern Zhejiang province, punishing kindergarden kids
4. Teacher Yan Yanhong put a young girl and boy in a lip-lock. The day after the photo surfaced, Yan was dismissed from her job and arrested by the local authorities.
5. Mistreatment Other pictures of Ms Yanhong's classroom show primary school pupil is made to kowtow for forgiveness in one of the 702 photos
The teacher Yanhong Yan (颜艳红) enjoyed taking this kind of pictures. Many children in her class had to be her stage properties.
A local paper reported: "The kindergarten has been instructed to dismiss
the teacher, Yan, and report the matter to local public security."
Officials investigating the case found that Yanhong was not qualified for her
job – but had been hired anyway due to a teaching shortage.
Yan Yanhong was fired by the kindergarten and arrested by the local police on charges of "making a public disturbance"on the same day.
6. Horrific scene The student is seen lying on the ground as the teacher stands above them.
7. A teacher of a private school in Imphal was beaten up after he allegedly caned a student
8. Kneeling on frozen peas punishment by a teacher to a student
9. Eight-year-old Shiva died after he was allegedly beaten by his school principal in Uttar Pradesh's Barabanki.
10. Public humiliation The students were made to hold hands for over an hour in front of their school-mates as punishment for getting into a fight
11. In This Funny Picture Female Teacher Punished A Male And A Female Student In Classroom. She Punished Them To Hold Each Other Ear.


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Northern Ireland's only UNESCO World Heritage Site
The Giant's Causeway, renowned for its polygonal columns of layered basalt, is the only World Heritage Site in Northern Ireland. Resulting from a volcanic eruption 60 million years ago, this is the focal point of a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and has attracted visitors for centuries. It harbours a wealth of local and natural history.
The formation of the Giant's Causeway was due to intense volcanic activity. Lava welling up through fissures in the chalk bed formed a "lava plateau". Three periods of volcanic activity gave rise to the Lower, Middle and Upper Basalts, and it's the Middle Basalt rock which forms the famous amphitheatres of hexagonal columns in the Causeway.
The Giant's Causeway is steeped in myth and legend. Some say it was carved from the coast by the mighty giant, Finn McCool who left behind an ancient home full of folklore. Look out for clues of the existence of the mighty giant, Finn McCool – including Giant's Boot, The Wishing Chair, The Camel, Giant's Granny and The Organ. On a clear day, you might even catch a glimpse of Finn's Scottish opponent, Benandonner's homeland of Scotland.
Sea birds can be seen off the coast around the Causeway, with species such as fulmar, petrel, cormorant, shag, redshank guillemot and razorbill being frequently observed. Rare and unusual plant species including sea spleenwort, hare's foot trefoil, vernal squill, sea fescue and frog orchid can be found on the cliffs and nearby rock formations.
Guided tours of the Causeway are available by arrangement for groups of more than 15 people, and there is access for visitors with disability. The area is suitable for picnics, cliff and country walks, and dogs are welcome on leads.
The New Giant's Causeway Visitor Centre - Now Open
Rising and blending into the landscape, with walls of glass, basalt columns and a state of the art interior designed by award winning architects Heneghan-Peng, the Giant's Causeway Visitor Centre is truly innovative. The energy efficient building boasts a number of exhibition areas and a grass roof with 360 degree views of the Causeway coastline. Explore the interactive spaces, watch Finn McCool on the big screen and unlock the secrets of this inspirational landscape.
Conservation is at the heart of the project and the new visitor facilities complement the surrounding landscape, ensuring the sustainable management of this important heritage asset. Innovative interpretation will help to enhance your experience and take you through a journey of discovery learning about the area's history, geology, biodiversity and myths and legends. The new multi-media guide, is one of the most advanced audio and multi-media handsets available and will be offered to all visitors to the centre. It will provide high quality interpretation in a variety of languages as well as services for people with hearing and sight difficulties. This will ensure a unique visitor experience and perspective on the Giant's Causeway.
The visitor experience includes:
- A new state of the art visitor centre featuring an illuminating exhibition showcasing the stories and the science behind the Giant's Causeway
- Innovative pocket size audio guide in a variety of languages
- A grab and go style café
- A new retail facility introducing new and exclusive local products
- Tourist Information
- Fully accessible toilets and a Changing Places facility for people with disabilities
Please note, the Tourist Information service at the centre is free to access.
For visitors who do not wish to avail of the facilities on-site, alternative parking is available at the Railway car park adjacent to the Causeway (£6 per day), from which visitors can walk to the stones for free.
Alternative catering is provided at the site by the Causeway Hotel, The Nook and McConaghy's shop.
Visitors wishing to avail of the fantastic new visitor experience can buy tickets in the following ways: pre-purchase online at _URL_ at the park and ride facility in Bushmills village (March - October), or upon entry to the visitor centre. See Information tab for prices and opening times.
Download the Giant's Causway pre-visit leaflet for more information.
There are four stunning trails at the Giant's Causeway. Recently upgraded, all are colour coded and awash with breathtaking views of jagged cliffs and bays lashed by wind and waves. There's a trail for every ability, from a pram friendly jaunt to a challenging coastal hike and in addition, a new accessible cliff top walk for families and people with disabilities. It might even be possible to glimpse Northern Ireland's favourite giant, Finn McCool whilst walking around these new trails!
The Causeway Coast
Why not experience North Antrim's spectacular coastline first hand by taking a walk along the coastal path which extends for 12 miles from the Giant's Causeway to the Carrick-a-Rede Rope Bridge? Take in Whitepark Bay along the way or stay in the National Trust's own holiday cottage in the old fishing hamlet of Portbraddan.
Find accommodation near the Giant's Causeway.


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what is Roller chains
Roller chain is a steel linked chain that utilizes roller bushings at each connecting link. The bushings aid the chain in riding smoothly around a sprocket and give the chain long life as well as strength. Roller chain is commonly found on bicycles and farming machinery and is also a primary component in automobile transmissions and transfer cases. Some high-performance types of roller chain use small rubber O-rings at each end of the bushings to aid in the retention of oil, which helps keep the chain in peak condition.
There are many types of roller chain, each intended for a specific purpose. In the U.S., roller chain is sized by the American National Standards Institute or ANSI with the most common sizes being 40, 50 and 60. The size of the chain is reflective of the pitch of the chain in eighths of an inch (0.3175 centimeters), this is denoted by the first digit, and the final digit noting the strength of the chain. While 0 represents standard chain and 1 represents lightweight chain, 5 is used to show bushed chain with no rollers. This means that a standard bicycle chain with a half-inch (1.27 centimeters) pitch would be a size 40 chain.
The typical roller chain is comprised of links that are fused together by pins. The pins are driven through the ends of each link and held in place by friction. Each chain is connected at the ends to form a complete circle or chain loop by a master link. The master link is a link of chain that uses a clip to hold the sides in place rather than being a friction fit. Roller chain can be shortened by removing links with a chain breaking tool and lengthened by adding whole or a half links.
Lubrication and proper tension is critical to assure long life for any roller chain. A chain should never be run tight. There should always be a slight amount of slack in a properly adjusted chain. The school of thought is approximately 2 percent to 4 percent of the distance between the centers of the sprockets. Clean, light-weight oil should be used to keep the chain properly lubricated.
The various uses for roller chain include not only bicycles, but conveyors, automobile timing chains and chain saws. By attaching tiny cutting teeth to a chain, a chain saw is able to cut its way through a tree in a rapid manner. In another application, small lengths of chain are attached to a handle, allowing plumbers to grip and twist pipe sections.


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Casting Time: 1 action
Components: V, S, M (a copper piece)
Duration: Concentration, up to 1 minute
For the duration, you can read the thoughts of certain creatures. When you cast the spell and as your action on each turn until the spell ends, you can focus your mind on any one creature that you can see within 30 feet of you. If the creature you choose has an Intelligence of 3 or lower or doesn't speak any language, the creature is unaffected.
You initially learn the surface thoughts of the creature--what is most on its mind in that moment. As an action, you can either shift your attention to another creature's thoughts or attempt to probe deeper into the same creature's mind. If you probe deeper, the target must make a Wisdom saving throw. If it fails, you gain insight into its reasoning (if any), its emotional state, and something that looms large in its mind (such as something it worries over, loves, or hates). If it succeeds, the spell ends. Either way, the target knows that you are probing into its mind, and unless you shift your attention to another creature's thoughts, the creature can use its action on its turn to make an Intelligence check contested by your Intelligence check; if it succeeds, the spell ends.
Questions verbally directed at the target creature naturally shape the course of its thoughts, so this spell is particularly effective as part of an interrogation.
You can also use this spell to detect the presence of thinking creatures you can't see. When you cast the spell or as your action during the duration, you can search for thoughts within 30 feet of you. The spell can penetrate barriers, but 2 feet of rock, 2 inches of any metal other than lead, or a thin sheet of lead blocks you. You can't detect a creature with an Intelligence of 3 or lower or one that doesn't speak any language.
Once you detect the presence of a creature in this way, you can read its thoughts for the rest of the duration as described above, even if you can't see it, but it must still be within range.


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An Emphasis Is Given On Psychoreligious Philosophy Of Positivism Of Different Religions Like Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Sikhism, Bahaism And Other Contemporary Religious Movements In Global Perspective. Positive Philosophy Is A System Based On Positive Facts And Observable Phenomena. Positive Facts Are Not Isolated But Comprehended By The Positive Sciences. It Is A Philosophy Drawn From The Scientific Methods That Determines Positivist Doctrine.
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The story of our work for Unesco
It's clear that social media and other online platforms can be used for good or evil: to give a voice to the voiceless or silence them.
The rise of the Arab Spring movement in 2011 proved this when online social networks, Facebook in particular, were used to help coordinate the struggle. But the authorities in countries like Egypt also used Facebook to track down protesters and smother dissent.
In 2010, Unesco recognised that social media and ICT in general had a unique capacity to spark social change. They wanted to know more about what was going on at the cutting edge and asked global tolerance to report back for them.
Use the slider above to see more


The Clean Power Plan's health benefits are better than ever, Trump's EPA discovers. - Grist
Stuff that matters
Mean power plan
The Clean Power Plan's health benefits are better than ever, Trump's EPA discovers.
The climate rule would prevent 4,500 premature deaths per year by 2030, according to a recent study by the EPA. President Donald Trump still plans to repeal it, though.
The Clean Power Plan, finalized by the Obama administration in 2015, targets U.S. coal-fired power plants in an effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The rule encourages a shift away from coal toward cleaner power sources like natural gas, wind, and solar.
The plan would decrease the United States' contribution to climate change, but that's not all.
Coal-fired power plants emit high levels of harmful pollutants, which are linked to a host of health conditions including heart disease and lung cancer. Plants that rely on natural gas and renewables produce fewer of those pollutants.
That's why the Obama administration projected the rule could save 1,500 to 3,600 lives every year. But the Trump administration's more recent analysis now puts that number much higher.
Regardless of how many lives it could save, the EPA claims that the plan was an overreach of the agency's authority in the first place. However, EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt doesn't currently have a plan to replace it.


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Difference between revisions of "Almora"
Revision as of 06:29, 12 December 2008
Almora is a hill station in Uttarakhand State. Almora was the seat of power of the Chand Dynasty who ruled the land of Kumaon for almost one thousand years. An interesting fact about the discovery of Almora is that unlike other hill stations, it was not discovered and developed by the British. The Katyuri Dynasty ruled the region around Almora from the 9th century AD, till it made way for the Chand dynasty. Raja Balo Kalyan Chand made Almora as his new capital in 1560 AD, when he transferred his capital from Champawat to Almora. The Chands occupied Almora till the 19th century AD. The rivers Kosi and Suyal flow around Almora providing a natural barrier. There is an interesting local legend about the discovery of Almora. Raja Kalyan Chand, the ruler of the Chand Dynasty was riding on the horseshoe shaped ridge in the pursuit of a prey. The hunted quarry protected its life by taking refuge behind the thick bushes of Kilmora, a local wild barberry bush and revealed the place to the king. The story might not be corroborated by any literary or archaeological evidences but continues to be told by the locals. The Gorkhas captured Almora in 1790 AD and finally British took it over from the Gorkhas after the Gorkha wars of _PHONE_.
Jawaharlal Nehru served a term of imprisonment in the Jail at Almora during the British rule. He had left behind an elaborate account of the pleasures of solitude and the varied moods of nature in his various letters written from this place to his daughter.
Almora, a town of about 60,000, is situated in the Kumaon mountains of the Himalayas in eastern Uttarakhand. Most of the town is situated on a crescent shaped mountain ridge about 5 km long, and most of it is above 6,000 feet. Unlike Shimla, Ranikhet and Nainital which were developed by the English, Almora is a hill station totally developed by the Kumaoni Indians.
The town itself is your usual crowded hilltown in northern India, but the natural beauty around is astounding. Almora is also called a town of temples. Situated in the centre of the town is the temple of Goddess Nanda Devi. The mountain is visible from the nearby areas as well.
Almora is an agricultural base and also a trade centre.
By train The town is served by the Kathgodam station, which is located 35 km away from the town. Taxis charge Rs 600 to Almora. You can also share a cab at Rs 125 per person. Most hotels will arrange for a pick up on prior request, Rs _PHONE_. The station handles 46 express trains per week.
BAGH EXP (daily) - Dep. Howrah 2145 Arr. 0935 - 2 nights SAMPARK KRANTI EXP (daily) - Dep. Delhi Jn 1600 Arr. 2245 - 7 hours RANIKHET EXP (daily) - Dep. Delhi Jn 2245 Arr. 0500 - 1 night DEHRADUN KATHGODAM EXP (Wed, Sun) - Dep. 2230 Arr. 0725 - 1 night
There are daily bus services from Delhi. The buses leave from ISBT Anand Vihar and are run by Uttarakhand Roadways. Driving to Almora takes 10 to 12 hours. From Delhi, it's highway driving throughout. NH 24 connects Delhi to Rampur via Hapur. At Rampur, turn and head north on NH 87 all the way upto Almora. En-route halts include the Wonderland, Rwy crossing, Moradabad and The Kaichi temple, Kaichi.
Contrary to popular belief, flying into Almora is the fastest way to reach the hill station. Almora is served by PantNagar Airport, located about 4 hours away. It is served only by Jagson airlines. It is one of the least busy airports in the country, handling only 6 scheduled flights a week.
JA 101 - Dep. Delhi 1315 Arr. PantNagar 1415 (Mon, Wed, Fri) JA 102 - Dep. Delhi 1445 Arr. PantNagar 1545 (Mon, Wed, Fri) FARE - Rs 2250/$ 90 for adults, Rs 1400/$ 55 for children. Taxi fare is around Rs _PHONE_.
Chitai Temple just 8 km from city, Kasar Devi to have a great look of city-A must visit place.
Walk the famous bazaar - still with glimpses of the old Kumaouni culture
Woolen garments. Copperware
Bal Mithai, a famous milk sweet of Almora. Also Choklate (not chocolate), a condensed milk sweet with fudge-like consistency and Singauri, again a kind of milk sweet wrapped in a green Malu leaf, which gives it its acclaimed flavour.
Lots of 'adrak' (ginger) tea - the popular local drink - to welcome guests & also to keep warm.
Hotels include the upscale Club Mahindra and the relatively down-to-earth KMVN (which has no electricity)
are all around Almora and attract nature lovers


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Every One Every Day
Every One Every Day is a project between Barking and Dagenham and Participatory City. It provides free activities and resources for communities across the Borough, including activities for young people.
Current projects include:
More information about these events and new events can be found at: _URL_


thanks to the possibility of controlling the regions of the free energy surface that are physically meaningful to explore.
Often a single CV is not sufficient to catch the relevant slow modes involved in the structural transition of interest. Indeed, all the CV-based methods often exploit the use of multiple variables, which ideally should be orthogonal to each other to enhance the sampling along independent directions of the CV space. A clever method to enhance sampling across a virtually unlimited number of CVs is the so-called bias-exchange metadynamics [16]. In bias-exchange metadynamics many simulations of the system at the same temperature are performed, biasing each replica with a time-dependent potential added to a different CV. Exchanges between the bias potentials in the different variables are periodically allowed according to a replica exchange scheme. Due to the efficaciously multidimensional nature of the bias, the method allows to explore complex free energy landscapes with high efficiency. In order to perform a metadynamics simulation, we need first to define our CVs. Here we will enhance the conformational sampling locally at the binding site (BS) of the apo-form of GLUCO, by biasing both the radius of gyration of the BS as well as the intramolecular contacts among the residues lining that site.
BS definition and CVs set-up
To define the BS, we exploit the crystallographic structure of the GLUCO-UDP complex. Namely we define the BS as the site lined by all residues having at least one atom within 4 Å from UDP. From the RCBS pdb databank download PDB ID: 1JG6 in the Xray directory, or use wget to download it from the terminal:
We will now generate a "clean" pdb file holo_GLUCO.pdb containing only the protein and the UDP molecule, using VMD from the terminal (here you must specify the resname of the uridine diphosphate substrate, UDP):
vmd -dispdev none 1JG6.pdb <


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Educating Future Teachers
Nov. 29, 2012
By Elizabeth Chapin
Arturo Avila helps teach a hands-on physics lesson at a local school.
Avila is currently earning his teaching credential at Cal Poly San Luis Obispo.
Arturo Avila is a first-generation college grad with a degree in civil engineering. Kyla BradyLong earned her bachelor's in chemistry. Although from very different backgrounds, both share the love of science. So much, in fact, they have both decided to become science teachers.
Thanks to initiatives launched by Chancellor Reed, more of California's brightest scientists like Cal Poly San Luis Obispo teacher credential students Avila and BradyLong are pursuing careers in teaching.
California is projected to need upwards of 33,000 new science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) teachers in the next ten years. The demand for credentialed teachers in these fields is significantly higher than the supply of fully qualified candidates. Reed's emphasis on improving teacher education led to a systemwide Math and Science Teacher Initiative, and met his goal of doubling the annual production of math and science teachers.
A high school science teacher inspired Kyla BradyLong to pursue science, but the "Learn by Doing" lab at Cal Poly is what inspired her to teach it.
While she is pursuing a teaching credential, she is also spending time in the lab with professors and grad students at UC Davis' Center for Biophotonics Science & Technology. She is placed there as part of her internship with the STAR program and says it's an innovative setting to examine best practices for teaching STEM.
"We're focused on giving students more freedom during lab time," said BradyLong. "It's a more realistic approach that works with students of all grades and ages. They come up with their own experimental designs and end up learning more."
As part of the internship, BradyLong is also helping a research team working to develop a more effective form of chemotherapy for cancer patients. She says the fact that she has contributed to cancer research may be inspiring for her future students.
"Many kids may think chemistry is too hard, or it's boring," BradyLong said. "But when you add the human element, it becomes something else—something that they can relate to. What if that inspires a kid to want to create the cure for cancer when she or he grows up? We can't afford to lose out on that."
Avila is sure to inspire his future students in a different way. Twenty years ago, he moved to California from Mexico, and after high school went on to a community college and eventually transferred to Cal Poly where he earned his degree in civil engineering.
Avila is now teaching part-time as he works on his credential. The first in his family to go to college, he wants to give back and teach physics in high-need schools.
"Being bilingual is definitely a plus in California's diverse communities," said Avila. "I'm better able to connect with students who may grow up thinking science is not a career choice. But if they see that I was able to do it, it becomes a very real option."
BradyLong and Avila both agree that the most rewarding part about teaching science to K-12 students is the moment when they "get it."
"At the point when a student connects curriculum with experience, things finally click," Avila said. "Seeing those light bulbs go off makes it all worthwhile."
Thanks to the efforts and vision of Chancellor Reed, future teachers like Avila and BradyLong will have the opportunity to pursue their career goals and become the teachers so critical to California's future.