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A New Approach to Optical Beam Shaping for Lighting Applications based on Nano-Optics
In this paper a new revolutionary approach to optical beam shaping for lighting applications is presented. The optical devices, developed by IQ Structures under the trade name Nanoptiqs are based on principles of diffraction, which are applied in a novel way to achieve improved performance of white light illumination systems. This unique solution is based on full control over the modulation of material and geometric properties of the optical elements at a nano-level. The surface (or volume) properties of the micro/nano structured optics are calculated with details as small as 10 nanometres, generally in three-dimensions. High complexity modelling of the light interaction with matter at nano-scale makes this task extremely computationally intensive. Moreover, manufacturing of three-dimensional optical nano-structures requires application of state-of-the-art mastering techniques with extreme spatial resolution such as electron-beam lithography, direct-writing based on multi-photon absorption and similar. These techniques together with in-house developed computational tools and high-precision mass-replication technologies stand behind Nanoptiqs unique properties, which promise an important role with these products not only in laboratory applications, but also in high capacity industrial production.
This contribution is focused on the explanation of physical principles of Nanoptiqs elements, description of selected approaches to computer modelling of optical nano-structures and optimization techniques developed particularly for design of advanced lighting systems. Commonly used approaches to design and analysis of diffractive elements are further extended for systems exploiting polychromatic light sources. The interaction of light with nano-structured materials is modelled using a hybrid approach based on a combination of ray-tracing methods with rigorous vectorial wave-optics techniques. Manufacturing of the designed elements using lithographic techniques is also discussed with focus on deep volume structures. Special attention is devoted to mass production of Nanoptiqs elements as this is a key factor for their future wide application in commercial practice. Besides improving the performance of current lighting solutions, the main benefits of Nanoptiqs are completely new design options and optical features following from full control of the light through nano-structured materials. Highly efficient mass production and reduced material and energy costs further emphasize attractiveness of presented approaches.
The paper also analyses possible future complex lighting systems consisting of a combination of transmission diffractive micro/nano elements with specially designed reflection systems. Nanoptiqs elements include hybrid systems using specially designed micro-reflectors. The technology of cost-effective (but simultaneously very precise) production of miniaturized systems of reflectors with complex shapes is a part of the proposed solution. Finally, the cooperation of IQ Structures with company Crytur is briefly mentioned, which focuses on the first application of Nanoptiqs directly on the surface of LED phosphor parts. Such a combination leads to a significant improvement in efficiency of LED light sources.


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Kate Kessling trained at Goldsmiths College in the late 1980s, followed by an MA through the British Council at Poznan Academy of Art.
Kate Kessling's work is conceptual and uses a wide range of found objects as a route into 'mark-making'. Her work is often concerned with the rhythm that objects create in repetition. The new 'Paper assemblage' pieces see a return to hand-made and have been put together from reams of paper that have been 'perfect-bound' using traditional book-binding techniques. Each piece is made from over a thousand leaves of paper, stacked with the pages, rather than the spines, turned outward, this forming a striated surface in which coloured pigments, paints and waxes are applied in bands.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Serbian troches
from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Serbian troche is a trochaic fivelifter without a caesura and rhyming, whereby individual troches can also be replaced by spondes. The designation goes back to the catalectic ten-syllable of the Serbian folk poetry, in particular the Serbian heroic songs, and was introduced into German poetry through their reproduction with Trochaic five-pointers by Johann Gottfried Herder. In the following examples can be found mainly in (historical) ballads by Gottfried August Bürger, Johann Wolfgang Goethe ( lament of the noble women of Asan Aga, The Bride of Corinth ), Friedrich Rückert, August von Platen ( Abbasids ), Emanuel Geibel, Conrad Ferdinand Meyer, Gottfried Keller, Detlev von Liliencron, Agnes Miegel ( Duke Samo ), Josef Weinträger ( The Trochäus ) and Max Mell ( The Fair Weather Witch ).
As an example from Platen's verse epic The Abbasids the first verses:
A thousand tents were pitched
through the field at the gates of Baghdad,
To celebrate the festival of the new year:
On the throne sat the great Harun
As caliph with all signs of dignity,
ring in the circle his crown officials [...]
Individual evidence
 1. ^ August Graf von Platen: The Abbassids. In: Collected works of Count August von Platen. Volume 4. JG Cotta, Stuttgart and Tübingen 1847, p. 227.


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Fish Use Clever Mating Trick [LiveScience 2007-11-15]
Some fish are able to get sex by faking out the females. Now scientists have found a gene that helps them do so.
The fish, known as cichlids, are maternal mouthbrooders???the female scoops up eggs in her mouth after she lays them. While collecting her eggs, the female may mistake the yellow, oval-shaped markings on a male's fin as one of her own eggs and approaches the male. Once she gets close enough to his anal fin, he then squirts sperm into her egg-filled mouth.
This form of mating 'trickery' works so well that more than 80 percent of cichlid species evolved the fake egg markings.
Researchers at the University of Germany identified the gene associated with the egg-like markings by observing how the gene was expressed in distantly related species, where such spots developed on the pectoral fins rather than the anal fins.
The researchers published their findings in the online open access journal BMC Biology.
"The two kinds of independently evolved egg-dummies serve as a model system to test whether the same genetic pathways are involved in the morphogenesis of both types of dummies," the authors write.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Purchase this article with an account.
Timothy Barnes, Ennio Mingolla; A model of figure-ground segregation from texture accretion and deletion in random dot motion displays. Journal of Vision 2010;10(7):839. doi: 10.1167/10.7.839.
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© ARVO (_PHONE_); The Authors (2016-present)
Accretion or deletion of texture unambiguously specifies occlusion and can produce a strong perception of depth segregation between two surfaces even in the absence of other cues. Given two abutting regions of uniform random texture with different motion velocities, one region will appear to be situated farther away and behind the other (i.e., the ground) if its texture is accreted or deleted at the boundary between the regions, irrespective of region and boundary velocities (Kaplan 1969, P&P 6(4):193–198). Consequently, a region with moving texture appears farther away than a stationary region if the boundary is stationary, but it appears closer (i.e. the figure) if the boundary is moving coherently with the moving texture. Computational studies demonstrate how V1, V2, MT, and MST can interact first to create a motion-defined boundary and then to signal texture accretion or deletion at that boundary. The model's motion system detects discontinuities in the optic flow field and modulates the strength of existing boundaries at those retinal locations. A weak speed-depth bias brings faster-moving texture regions forward in depth, which is consistent with percepts of displays containing shearing motion alone — i.e., where motion is parallel to the resulting emergent boundary between regions — in which the faster region appears closer (Royden et al. 1988, Perception 17:289–296). The model's form system completes this modulated boundary and tracks the motion of any boundaries defined by texture. The model includes a simple predictive circuit that signals occlusion when texture defined boundaries unexpectedly appear or disappear.
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Shrimp has'silk-spinning skills'
A tiny underwater creature spins silk in order to bind together its sand grain house, researchers have discovered.
The shrimp, Crassicorophium bonellii, produces fibres that combine barnacle cement biology with spider silk production techniques.
The resulting "gossamer threads" are sticky and salt-water resistant.
The Oxford team says this is a new example of "nature's way of engineering a highly functional material".
Their discovery is published in the journal Naturwissenschaften.
One of the authors of the study, Prof Fritz Vollrath from the University of Oxford, explained that the shrimp released the material through ducts on its legs.
"It uses the fibres to tie together bits and bobs to make its house," Prof Vollrath explained to BBC. "It uses grains of sand, pieces of vegetation, algae, even its own faeces."
End Quote Prof Fritz Vollrath University of Oxford
We want to be inspired by nature to see how she does the job"
Although it was already understood that the creature produced a sticky substance from its legs, the scientists discovered that it spins this substance into a silk, in much the same way that spiders do - pulling it through a duct to make a functional thread.
Other than its resistance to salt and water, the team know very little about the properties of the material.
"We suspect it will have comparable properties [to spider silk] - strong and stretchy," said Prof Vollrath.
"But the thread has evolved to be spun underwater and to stay underwater throughout its life, so it will have a few tricks to be able to perform in marine environment."
The scientist and his team hope that by revealing the biological secrets of such materials, they might lay the foundations for useful products, such as marine glues or barnacle-resistant coatings for boat hulls.
Understanding exactly how barnacles stick, for example, could enable scientists to develop surface coatings that they would be unable to stick to.
"The extra costs of drag in shipping worldwide is about $400m (£250m) annually," Dr Vollrath said. "You could save that if you [had a way] to keep the bottoms of boats clean.
"It's not that we want to copy things from nature," he added. "It's more that we want to be inspired by nature to see how she does the job."


Dimplez Dreamz youth workforce fellowship aims to deliver educational, employment, and training services for young adults (ages 16-24) in Philadelphia. We provide virtual one-on-one case management services, mentorships, occupational skills, work experience training, entrepreneurship, and leadership development. Each cohort will tremendously help 50 young people from diverse ethnic backgrounds and adverse environments. Our program also focuses on behavioral training methods to reduce violence, such as conflict resolution and finding common ground with one another.
By developing an aggressive workforce program, the youth can be better positioned to obtain educational and employment opportunities so we can build a more productive and nonviolent community.
If you or know someone that would benefit by being apart of the fellowship please complete the interest form.
Dimplez Dreamz Workforce Fellowship Interest Form


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A British scientist named Robert Edwards has won the Nobel Medicine Prize for his work on in-vitro fertilisation. The committee said that Edwards' work "represents a milestone in the development of modern medicine".
The 85-year-old scientist began developing the process in the 1950s. Fertilisation outside of the human body had previously eluded scientists, but Edwards combined an egg and a sperm in a petri dish, and then successfully implanted the resulting fertilised cell back in the patient's uterus. The first person to be concieved using this procedure was Louise Brown, in 1978.
Since then, about four million people have been born using IVF techniques, and it has a live birth rate of about 27 percent, though that varies dramatically based on the demographics and background of the parents.
Edwards also founded the first IVF centre in Cambridge, the Bourn Hall Clinic.
The Nobel jury added: "A new field of medicine has emerged, with Robert Edwards leading the process all the way from the fundamental discoveries to the current, successful IVF therapy. Long-term follow-up studies have shown that IVF children are as healthy as other children."
The announcements of the physics and chemistry prizes will be made on 5 and 6 October, and the higher-profile awards -- literature and peace -- will follow on 7 and 8 October. The economics prize will be awarded the following week -- 11 October, 2010.
Last week, the satirical Ig Nobel prizes were handed out, rewarding scientific research that "first makes people laugh, and then makes them think". The winners included study into fellatio in fruitbats, a method to collect whale snot using a miniature helicopter, and research that indicates that asthma can be treated with roller-coaster rides. You can see the full list of results in our story about the Ig Nobels.


point of the Quarta Via is not how to explain any particular perfection––what Gilson calls a physically given mode of being––, for that is the task of empirical science (viz., explaining the light spectrum and how colors emerge from it, or explaining the molecular nature of objects and how they generate olfactory sensation), but rather to explain how diverse things are relatively ordered towards their formal perfections, which shows a striking similarity between the Fourth and Fifth Ways. The Fifth Way, or Quinta Via, argues from the orderliness of causes and their effects to the ordering sovereignty of God as creator and sustainer of a scientifically lawful (or legible!) universe. The Quarta Via argues in a similar fashion about the formal, as opposed to nomological, orderliness of the world. So even the range of stinkiness does point to God in so far as His ultimate perfection grounds the perfection (or formal exemplification) of stinky things. All stinky things exemplify "stinkiness as such", but we must explain how A thing's perfection p is that which grounds the truth of the claim P that the thing is of such and such a nature n, or that p is in fact p(n). Perfection is, thus, is the metaphysical principle of truth-making. Hang onto the that idea.
(I should note that mine is not the only way to answer the "stinky objection," and is most likely not the best way. The OFloinn writes:
Consider that there are research facilities dedicated to the study of smelliness: fragrance laboratories, for example. Their products enter aerosols, perfumes, food, marker pens, and countless other things. Suppose you were to ask such a researcher "What is the stinkiest thing of them all?" And the answer was: "Oh, there's nothing that I'd call the stinkiest of all."
"What would this mean, Chastek argues, but that "for whatever reason various smells aren't comparable. Perhaps stinks are irreducibly distinct and [each] stinky in its own way. Perhaps some things smell worse on different days or in different circumstances, etc." In sum:
If there is no maximal, then it's because the various things are not comparable in terms of greater and less.
But then, by modus tollens:
If various things are comparable in terms of greater and less, then there is some maximal.
And this is the minor premise of Thomas' proof. So stinkiness is not a refutation of the principle. … [T]he key thing is that the principle (explanation) had to be something in the nature of the more-or-less "hot" body itself; not something external to it. The Fourth Way is not the Second Way. Chastek writes:
it is not a matter of looking for some other thing by which a knife is sharp or the car is aerodynamic – but in both cases there is an intelligible reality, which simply waits to be known, which provides a measure that illuminates exactly why each of these things can admit of more and less. This does not mean that there is, say, one and only one perfectly aerodynamic shape, but rather that one can find a single equation for the drag that we seek to overcome by various shapes. One misses the point if he critiques St. Thomas's axiom by saying "just because things are more or less aerodynamic doesn't mean that there exists something perfectly aerodynamic." What is "most such" here is the drag equation
And so also for Dawkins' 'most smelly.' …
Smelly is no more transcendental than heat, which itself is offered only as a homey analogy to the argument on the transcendentals. Thomas does not conclude that the hottest thing (Fire) is what all men call God. He only says that the principle of goodness, truth, etc. is like the principle of heat (which is Fire). It's an analogy. Heat:Fire::Being:God)
In any event, to return to the thread of the argument: I think Benignus errs strictly philosophically and exegetically in the way Gilson warned on page 80 of The Elements, by placing too much emphasis on the aesthetic nature of the perfections, though he does so to great apologetical effect. As Benignus writes,
"This argument 'from the degrees of perfection' has often been called 'idealistic,' 'Platonic,' even by some Thomists. There is much truth in the charge: the Fourth Way cam have little appeal to a mind which sees matter as more real than ideas…. But to a mind which has no hesitancy in asserting that the good and evil [et cetera] … met in life are as real, nay, more real than … food and air even––to that mind the Fourth Way is the best way of all. It starts from the things in life which count … [such as] life itself, goodness, beauty, truth, nobility, knowledge, love––and it proceeds to a God who is recognizable as God––a living, knowing, loving, good God. It is a proof, in a word, which demonstrates that God exists by the very reasons for which most men believe in Him anyway" (p. 476).
Nonetheless, Benignus is quite correct to note that "the crux [of the Quarta Via] is whether the principle of causality can rightly be applied to the [sensible] data from which the proof starts. As soon as we see St. Thomas' reasons for holding that the principle does and must apply here, we see also that this proof, like the Third Way, is an exemplification of how completely Thomism is a philosophy of being or existence" (p. 476). As Joseph Owens writes in An Elementary Christian Metaphysics (Bruce Publishing Company: 1963. p. 348), "What merely has [the perfection of] being, and so is not of its nature being, has that being, ultimately, from something that is being. All other perfections can be imparted only insofar as they are made to exist" (emphasis added). Stressing again the unity of the Five Ways (Quinque Viae), Owens (p. 350) adds, "The point that mattered [in all the Ways] was to start with being as found in sensible things, whether the being of motion and its term, … or being whose participated character was shown by grades…. Such being could then be traced to an efficient cause, and finally to subsistent being as its first cause."
I argued above that the scholastic principle of perfection ties into truth-making. I want to expand on that point by citing Benignus once again, but first let us recall some key words from St. Thomas' argument:
"Among beings there are some more and some less good, true, noble and the like. …[T]here is something which is truest, something best, something noblest and, consequently, something which is uttermost being; for those things that are greatest in truth are greatest in being…. Now the maximum in any genus is the cause of all in that genus…. Therefore there must also be something which is to all beings the cause of their being, goodness, and every other perfection; and this we call God" (emphasis added).
But, asks Benignus, "[h]ow can anything be more or less true, or how can one truth be more true than another? … What is needed are examples of truths which are true in different degrees." Benignus then compares merely contingent truths with the physical laws which ground them, and in turn compares physical laws with even higher metaphysical laws (such as the law of causality), and even ranks metaphysical truths relative to the highest such truth, namely, "that what is, is" (p. 476). Note that the hierarchy of truths is but the flip-side of the hierarchy of being; a lower level truth holds not only in virtue of its proper truth-making conditions, but also in virtue of higher grounding features of the actual world and their truth-making properties.
To recall what I said about p, above, it is true that "P: p(n)" simply because p in fact p(n)––hat tip to Tarski. Note that P is true in virtue of something outside itself, namely, the truth-making conditions which envelop and ground p(n). P is thus a contingent formal truth (a relative perfection), and such contingency holds for all truths and their truth-makers. The higher a truth is, the deeper its ontological roots go, and the less subject it is to being changed or even rendered non-existent. As Aquinas says, "[As] there is something which is truest … consequently [there is] something which is uttermost being; for those things that are greatest in truth are greatest in being (nam quae sunt maxime vera, sunt maxime entia)." In his essay on the Five Ways in Thomas Aquinas: Contemporary Philosophical Perspectives (Oxford University Press: 2002. ed. Brian Davies. p. 180) John Wippel helpfully explains:
"In referring to things as more and less true Thomas is thinking of truth of being or ontological truth, not of truth as it exists in the intellect (logical truth). He has in mind that quality present in any being in virtue of which it can be grasped by intellect or … the intelligibility of being. Since such truth or intelligibility is found wherever being is found wherever being is realized, Thomas also regards being and truth as convertible with one another [cf. De Veritate q. I, a. 1].


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Scotland is pushing to become the first U.K. nation to introduce legislature approving same-sex marriage, though their plans are being opposed both by the Catholic Church and the Church of Scotland.
Currently, Scotland allows for same-sex civil partnerships, but an entire "rainbow coalition" of organizations, which includes The Equality Network, Amnesty International, Unison and the Humanist Society of Scotland, wants fully recognized marriage for gay couples, BBC reported.
The U.K. government is, in the meantime, considering whole-scale changes to the definition of marriage and is proposing to legalize gay marriage by 2015.
Much like the U.K. government proposals, the Scottish bill is supposed to provide a provision for religious institutions opposed to same-sex marriage, allowing them to refuse to perform such ceremonies. But the mainstream Scottish Christian communities are concerned that changing the traditional definition of marriage to include same-sex couples will force churches to accept something that goes against their beliefs nonetheless.
Cardinal Keith O'Brien, the most senior Catholic cleric, has even called the plan a "grotesque subversion of a universally accepted human right," and has called for more discussion to be held on the issue. The cardinal has also pushed for the Scotland for Marriage campaign in opposition to same-sex marriage
"The Church of Scotland cannot agree that the law in Scotland should be changed to allow same-sex marriage. The Government's proposal fundamentally changes marriage as it is understood in our country and our culture – that it is a relationship between one man and one woman. In common with the historic position of the Christian Church, the Church of Scotland has always viewed marriage as being between one man and one woman," a previous statement issued by the church body read.
"Scriptural references to marriage, whether literal or metaphorical, all operate under this understanding. To redefine marriage to include same-sex marriage may have significant and, as yet, inadequately considered repercussions for our country, for the well-being of families, communities and individuals," the body added.
The General Assembly of the Church of Scotland in May 2011 affirmed that while it supports the traditional definition of marriage, it still views homophobia as sinful and urges ministries to defend all members of the church, regardless of their sexual orientation.


Halo Nation
Planetary Security Intelligence
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A Planetary Security Intelligence, also known as PSI is a type of Artificial intelligence construct in service with the UNSC.[1] One such PSI was Loki, who served on the UNSC Skidbladnir. They are generally kept secret by, in one case, swapping positions with another AI. They help conduct defense operations and evacuations in the event of an invasion of a UEG colony by Covenant forces, an example of such being the first Covenant invasion of Harvest.
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Prime Numbers. Prime integers
Definition. Examples. Mobile App
Definition. A prime number is a natural number greater than 1 that is divisible only by 1 and itself.
Examples 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23 are prime numbers.
2 - is the only prime even number. All other prime numbers are odd numbers.
For example, 3 is prime because it is divisible only by 1 and 3.
The numbers are not prime are called numbers composite.
Examples 6, 8, 9, 4, 10 are composite numbers.
6 is composite number because we can write the number 6 as follows: 6 = 2 · 3
So 6 is not divisible only by 1 and 6 but with 2 and 3
Similarly, 4 is the number of (and so is not prime) because
1 | 4
4 | 4
2 | 4 => 4 is not prime integer
The biggest prime number discoverd
The largest prime number discovered so far is 2 74,207,281 - 1 and was discovered in January 2016 by a computer from a university in Missouri. The first number is 5 million more than the previous digit prime number .
 Download Free App Prime Factors to fin prime numbers
Keywords: even numbers, prime integers, composite numbers, divisibility, prime number, odd number
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This item is available under a Creative Commons License for non-commercial use only
The overarching aim of this study was to provide an information base on the transition from preschool to formal schooling in Ireland, and to improve understanding about how best to support children's learning during this time. The theoretical framework for the project was based on the ecological systems model of development proposed by Bronfenbrenner. As there was no previous Irish research in this area, the study took an exploratory approach, and drew on a variety of sources to present the perspectives of preschool practitioners, primary school teachers, parents and children themselves. Phase 1 involved a questionnaire being completed by a nationwide sample of preschool practitioners and teachers of junior infants classes. Both groups agreed that children with the ability to negotiate classroom life independently, equipped with good social skills and the ability to concentrate and listen for short periods of time, are more likely to be successful at primary level. Phase II took a more qualitative approach to the subject, following a case study sample of seven children through their first year in the primary school systems. This phase investigated the perspectives of the children themselves, their parents, teachers and classmates, using observation data, semi-structured interviews, and child discussion groups to gather information about the process. Differences were noted by the children between the more formal "work" based pedagogy of the junior infants classroom as compared to their preschool experiences. The issue of cultural capital being transferred across the home-school environments was also apparent. The findings from the study concur with the notion that transition to school is an adaptive process for children and their families, and that all stakeholders should be involved in communication about the process (Pianta et al, 1999). The study also confirmed the value of involving multiple stakeholders, particularly the children themselves, in the research process.
O'Kane, M.: The Potential Use of Slow-down Technology to Improve Pronounciation of English for International Communication. Dublin : Dublin Institute of Technology, 2007


15 Foods To Try in Yucatan, Mexico
Yucatan is the most visited part of Mexico, mostly because of its unbelievably beautiful sandy beaches and turquoise waters, fascinating nature and marine life. The Yucatan Peninsula however has even more to offer beyond the famous resorts of Cancun and Tulum: its unique culture and history. And what can be a better way to experience it rather than through food? Heavily influenced by Mayan and European cultures, the traditional foods prepared in this region are full of flavor and unique ingredients. Take a look at our list of 15 foods that you must try in the Yucatan Peninsula!
1) Sopa de Lima
Sopa de Lima-1
Image Source: The London Foodie
Sopa de Lima is considered the chicken noodle soup of the Yucatan Peninsula. This chicken soup has a tangy kick of sour lima, or Citrus Limetta – if you want to get technical – which is grown everywhere in the region, that leaves you feeling refreshed and full.
2) Cochinita Pibil
Image Source: Wikimedia
This is by far one of the most popular dishes of the Yucatan Peninsula. Cochinita Pibil is pork, baby pig to be exact, that is marinated overnight in bitter orange juices, seasoned with achiote paste and other spices, wrapped in fresh banana leaves then cooked in an earthen pit, or pib. Pollo Pibil is another variation of this dish where pork is replaced with chicken.
3) Huevos Motuleños
Huevos Motulenos-1
Image Source: Learn NC
A typical breakfast served in the small city of Motul located in the North-West of the Yucatan Peninsula is Huevos Motuleños. This dish originated from Motul, hence the name, and is made up of a combination of ingredients and flavors. Eggs, tortillas, black beans, cheese and other various foods can be added to this delicious breakfast.
4) Pavo en Relleno Negro
pavo el relleno negro-1
Image Source: The London Foodie
Pavo en Relleno Negro may not be an eye catcher, but it's a book that shouldn't be judged by its cover. This stew like dish consists of perfectly seasoned turkey in a relleno negro sauce. This sauce is what makes this dish so tasty with its numerous ingredients. The key ingredient to the sauce is burnt chiles de arbol, which give the sauce its black color.
5) Queso Relleno
queso relleno-1
Image Source: Madeleine Cocina
Normally prepared on special occasions, but so delicious you should eat it whenever you want! Queso Relleno is a clash of flavors and cultures all in one. Its signature ingredient is Edam cheese, a famous Dutch brand, which is stuffed with beef, onions, tomatoes and raisins (there are different variations available).
6) Salbutes
Taken in Mérida, Yucatán, México
 Image source: Brent Miller
Salbutes are basically the Yucatan version of Tostados. They're made of a puffed deep fried tortilla then smothered with pulled chicken or turkey, avocado, cabbage and pickled red onion and jalapeño. You can usually find them in Panucherias; fast food type restaurants.
7) Panuchos
Image Source: Dion Hinchcliffe
Panuchos are like a cousin to Salbutes. They are made exactly the same way except that Panuchos have tortillas filled with refried black beans.
8) Pescado Tikin-xic
Pescado en Tikin-Xic just out of the oven.
Image Source: Artist-at-Large
In Yucatan Mayan the word Tikin-xic means "dry fish". Pescado Tikin-xic is a whole fish prepared and marinated with the classic achiote paste, adobo and bitter oranges. To cook, its wrapped in banana leaves and put in an earthen oven.
9) Pan de Cazón
Pan de Cazon-1
Image Source: Sergio Davila
Pan de Cazón is another dish you must try even though you might be afraid of one of the surprises inside! This casserole like delicacy is prepared the same way you would make lasagna, but with different ingredients. Tortillas, black beans, refried beans, and the main ingredient… shark!
10) Tamales
 Image Source: mswine
In the Yucatan Peninsula they put a spin on their Tamales. Normally Tamales consist of corn-based dough stuffed with meats, cheeses, vegetables or fruits and then wrapped in dried corn husks. Now, what makes the ones in the Yucatan Peninsula so different is that they are wrapped in banana leaves, not corn husks, which produce a different end result.
11) Papadzules
Taken in Mérida, Yucatán, México
 Image Source: Brent Miller
Papadzules can be compared to enchiladas since both dishes look quite similar. However Papadzules are corn tortillas dipped in a pumpkin-seed sauce and filled with chopped hard-boiled eggs. A great option if you want to try a lighter plate.
12) Kibis
Image Source: pricetravel pictures
Adapted from Lebanese culture, Kibis are a football shaped fried food. They are typically made of rough ground wheat which is then filled with different meats and cheeses. To finish it off, it is deep fried and topped with shredded cabbage, pickled red onion and jalapeño.
13) Arroz con Pulpo
Arroz con pulpo-1
Image Source: Matthew Klein
Another light and refreshing food to try in the Yucatan Peninsula is Arroz con Pulpo. This warm salad consists of rice, chopped octopus, red peppers, onions, herbs and sweet fruits like mango or papaya.
14) Chilaquiles
Image Source: Wikimedia
Chilaquiles are another dish that has received their own special touch from the Yucatan Peninsula. Baked tortilla chips with salsa (verde or rojo), onions, cheese, sour cream, eggs and sometimes beans are all ingredients in this dish. In the Yucatan Peninsula, Chilaquiles have a unique taste by including local spices and flavors.
15) Marquesitas
Image Source: Taavi Randmaa
Marquesitas are one of the most beloved desserts in Yucatan and you will see it being sold everywhere from the street stalls. It is basically a crispy wafer, which is made right in front of you and filled with delicious fillings like cheese or nutella.
Do you have other favourite foods in Yucatan which you think we missed out? Let us know in the comments, and we will gladly add them!
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Royal Dockyard, Devonport
Major centre of warship production since 1691
Ministry of Defence
Period of construction:
1650 - 1699
Transport Trust plaque:
Devonport Royal Dockyard, Keyham Road, Plymouth PL1 4SG
The Royal Navy's historical links with the West Country are immense.Â The ships that defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588 sailed from the mouth of the River Plym, thus establishing the military prescence in Plymouth, The memory of Sir Francis Drake, Mayor of Plymouth as well as Great National hero is kept alive in the name, HMS DRAKE, which was recently extended to the whole of Devonport Naval Base.
In 1689 Prince William of Orange became William III and almost immediately addressed the need to constructÂ a new dockyard. He dispatched a Naval Officer, Edmund Dummer, to investiage potential sitesÂ in the West Country; he settled upon two potential locations,Â one at Cattewater, Plymouth, and one further along the coast, on the Hamoaze, a section of the River Tamar.Â On 30Â December 1690, a contract was let to Robert Waters of Portsmouth to buildÂ a dockyardÂ in the Hamoaze area, thus forming the basisÂ of the Plymouth Dock.
Dummer designed the first successful stepped stone dry dock in Europe at Devonport. Historically, the Navy Board's reliance uponÂ timber resulted in high maintenance costs andÂ a significant fire risk;Â Dummer's design offered a strengthened operating floor, allowed rapid erection of stagingÂ andÂ incorporated stepped sides that made working beneathÂ a hull much easier. Among his innovations was the application of lean manufacturing techniques, with a logical layout that maximised both land use and efficiency,Â a centralized storage area and a double rope-house that combined the previously separate tasks of spinning and laying, while allowing the upper floor to be used for the repair of sails.
The first ship to be built and launched in the dock yard was the "Postboy", weighing 73 tonnes. The dockyard expanded rapidly in the 18th century, now covering seventy acres and incorporating a further three docks - the Union Double, the North Dock and the New North Dock.
In 1824, Plymouth Dock was re-named as the Royal Dockyard, Devonport, after the grant of royal approval. With the coming of steam, the Keyham Steam Yard was completed in 1853. A dedicated electricty supply was added at the beginning of theÂ twentieth century, the facility now covering 114 acres and incorporating the newly constructed Prince of Wales Turning Basin.
The Royal Dockyard saw major expansion during and following the two world wars - by 1969, the docks extended to 332 acres and thirteen docks, almost certainly the then largest naval dockyard in the world. Today, Devonport is the largest Naval Base in Western Europe and coversÂ over 650 acres. It has fifteen dry docks, 6.5 km (4Â miles) of waterfront,Â twenty fiveÂ tidal berths andÂ five basins. The facility,Â currentlyÂ operated by Babcock Marine,Â Â is the only site in the UK now equipped to conduct nuclear submarine refits, including those for the Vanguard class. There are over five thousand ship movements annually and is it estimated that the base generatesÂ some ten per centÂ of the economic activity ofÂ Plymouth.Â
Public access is restricted to the annual two day event, "Navy Days", when visitors can tour the facility, go aboard active naval ships and watch various displays of naval prowess. Among the most popular attractions is the nuclear powered submarine HMS Courageous, used in the Falklands War. Devonport serves as headquarters for Flag Officer Sea Training, which is responsible for the training of all the ships of the Navy and Royal Fleet Auxiliary, along with many from foreign naval services.
A maritime museum is under development at Devonport, the Plymouth Naval Base Museum.
Brimacombe, Peter, Drake's Drum - A history of the Devonport Naval Base and Dockyard, Mor Marketing, ISBN-10: _PHONE_ (1998)
Brown, P., Britain's Historic Ships: The Ships That Shaped the Nation: A Complete Guide, Conway, ISBN-10: _PHONE_ (2009)
Brown, P., Historic Ships: The Survivors, Amberley Publishing, ISBN-10: _PHONE_ (2010)
Burkhalter, P., Devonport Dockyard Railway, Twelveheads Press, ISBN-10: _PHONE_ (1996)
Burns, K. V., The Devonport Dockyard Story, Maritime Books, ISBN-10: _PHONE_ (1984)
Colledge, J. J., Ships Of The Royal Navy: A Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy from the 15th Century to the Present, Casemate, ISBN-10: _PHONE_ (2010)
Dicker, G., A Short History of Devonport Royal Dockyard, Dicker, ASIN: B001QVJ058 (1969)Â
Endsor, Richard, The Restoration Warship: The Design, Construction and Career of a Third Rate of Charles II's Navy, Conway, ISBN-10: _PHONE_ (2009)
Evans, David, Building the Steam Navy: Dockyards, Technology and the Creation of the Victorian Battle-Fleet, _PHONE_, Conway Maritime Press, ISBN-10: 085177959X (2004)
Miller, F. P., Vandome, A. F. & McBrewster, J., Edmund Dummer (Naval Engineer, VDM Publishing, ISBN-10: _PHONE_ (2010)
Winfield, Rif, British Warships in the Age of Sail 1603 - 1714: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates, Seaforth Publishing, ISBN-10: 184832040X (2009)
The Royal Dockyard is permanently visible, but is a secure militaryÂ facility with public access limited to naval open days.
How To Find:
By road: Off A3064, via B3396, Keyham Road
By rail: Plymouth DockyardÂ Devenport Stations are approx 1 km away
Plymouth, England -Weather via MSN Weather text
Weather conditions and forecast for Plymouth, England


What is the difference between 'Can I help you with' and 'Can I help you'?
please teach me how they are different.
 - It's not syntactically valid to end your utterance with the preposition with (it must refer to something - a noun, pronoun, demonstrative, or similar, such as Can I help you with that?). Valid prepositions that can stand alone include Can I help you out? (implied metaphorical...out of your problematical situation) and Can I help you up? (implied literal...up from your low seating position). Jul 18 '17 at 12:31
Can I help you? is an "open-ended" question; it does not place any explicit limitations on what help the person being asked may request. There may be implicit limitations imposed by context; for example, a store employee approaching you while you are looking at the counter they are responsible for may ask the open-ended Can I help you?, but is really only inquiring if you need assistance with the products being sold at that counter.
Can I help you with {whatever}? is a limiting question; the person asking is explicitly specifying that their willingness or ability to assist is limited to {whatever}.
Your Answer


I have been using a BNO055 sensor (9° dof IMU) for a project which will use angular velocity to move the mouse cursor on a PC screen.
So far, I have gotten quaternion output from the sensor and been able to convert it to angular velocity in a couple of ways. The first, multiplying 1 quaternion sample by its conjugate in the next sample, and then converting the quaternion Delta in Euler angles. The second, converting from quaternions to Euler angles and then finding the change in those between samples.
Both methods result in angular velocity measurement, but each with their advantages and disadvantages. E.g. Quaternion Delta between samples does not suffer from gimbal lock, but it's difficult to isolate pitch from roll.
I know that you can ask the sensor for angular velocity data directly, but apparently that's less precise due to the Gyro drift and it's relative orientation only, which is why I opted to work with quaternions.
Is there a better way to go about this?
My code included below for reference with the 2 approaches in case it's helpful/interesting. It uses the Adafruit repository for BNO sensor.
void quaternion_Delta () {
 // Quaternion data 1
 imu::Quaternion quat = bno.getQuat();
 // Euler 1
 imu::Vector<3> euler_one = quat.toEuler();
 //delay between samples
 // Quaternion data 2
 imu::Quaternion quat_two = bno.getQuat();
 // Euler 2
 imu::Vector<3> euler_two = quat_two.toEuler();
 // quaternion comparison
 imu::Quaternion quatDelta = quat_two * quat.conjugate ();
 imu::Vector<3> euler = quatDelta.toEuler();
 Serial.print(" X: ");
 Serial.print(euler.x()*radius_to_degrees, 2);
 Serial.print(" Y: ");
 Serial.print(euler.y()*radius_to_degrees, 2);
 Serial.print(" Z: ");
 Serial.print(euler.z()*radius_to_degrees, 2);
 // Euler comparison
 imu::Vector<3> euler_comparison = euler_two - euler_one;
 Serial.print(" x: ");
 Serial.print(euler_comparison.x()*radius_to_degrees, 2);
 Serial.print(" y: ");
 Serial.print(euler_comparison.y()*radius_to_degrees, 2);
 Serial.print(" z: ");
 Serial.print(euler_comparison.z()*radius_to_degrees, 2);
Edit: demonstration for quaternion Delta.
When quaternion current * quaternion home and transforming to Euler angles, we get the angular velocity between the 2 quaternions. Please imagine the sheet of paper to be the earth reference frame and to the watch the sensor's reference frame. With no yaw rotation, if with tilt the sensor up that causes a positive change in the y (pitch) axis. With 90° rotation of the sensor in the X (yaw) axis, however, a tilt of the sensor results in a change in the z (roll) axis instead.
My understanding is that this happens because quaternions are a representation of absolute orientation. So with any angle of rotation in the yaw axis we get a mixture of change in the pitch and roll axis whenever we tilt the sensor up or down.
This is what I mean that a change in sensor tilt (moving it up or down) results in a change in either/both the Y and Z axis.
enter image description here enter image description here
 - \$\begingroup\$ Are you trying to do the reverse of this operation? The link shows the formula connecting quat_two, quat and angular velocity. \$\endgroup\$ – AJN Apr 22 at 13:27
 - \$\begingroup\$ From what I can understand, which is not everything, I believe it slightly different from that post. Thank you for taking the time to respond. \$\endgroup\$ – Zhelyazko Grudov Apr 22 at 16:45
 - 1
 \$\begingroup\$ Can you show an example where it is difficult to isolate pitch from roll? I would also like to know why drift is an issue when using the rates directly from the IMU. \$\endgroup\$ – AJN Apr 23 at 12:59
 - \$\begingroup\$ I will edit my post with some pictures and explanation. With regards to the gyroscope drift, I'm not exactly sure if that happens or not. I just read that it is an issue if using only the gyroscope to detect angular velocity and that is why you would prefer to have sensor fusion. Maybe that is not the case and I misunderstood something? \$\endgroup\$ – Zhelyazko Grudov Apr 23 at 13:30
... which will use angular velocity to move the mouse cursor on a PC screen.
It is not clear if the angular velocity will control the cursor velocity or the cursor position. If the angular velocity is controlling the cursor velocity, then the cursor position will be affected by drift (due to the integration operation performed). However, this can be solved in software by passing the sensed angular velocity through a threshold operation (dead zone). The threshold is chosen to be more than the expected drift.
quaternion current * quaternion home and...
The first statement gives the impression that the IMU output is sampled with small time intervals and you are using the adjacent samples of quaternion. If this is the case, the angle between the two quaternion will be a small angle and the pitch/roll mixing problem doesn't arise (for sufficiently small sampling interval).
The second statement gives the impression that the current quaternion is multiplied with the very first sampled quaternion or a fixed home quaternion and not the immediately preceding sample. The angles between the quaternion can be large and pitch/roll mixing will occur.
... quaternion current * quaternion home and transforming to Euler angles, we get the angular velocity between the 2 quaternion.
No. we get the angle (or rotation) between the two quaternion. If we took the difference between two displacements, the result is also a displacement and not a linear velocity. If the two displacements were measured a very very small time apart and if you divided the difference by the time, then, that quantity is a (instantaneous) linear velocity. If the time gap was large, the quantity is average velocity.
For rotations, when the angle difference is large, we can still compute the average angular velocity by imagining the shortest rotation which will take one quaternion to the other. However, due to the inherent properties of rotation, you cannot avoid mixing between the channels.
Reconstructing the angular velocity from quaternion
Using the quaternion to reconstruct the angular velocity may still be a good idea since the IMU software might have used the accelerometers or magnetometers to cancel the drift in the angular velocity measurement.
From the linked answer, we have, by rearranging,
$$ \left[\begin{matrix} -q_x(t) & -q_y(t) & -q_z(t) \\ q_w(t) & q_z(t) & -q_y(t) \\ -q_z(t) & q_w(t) & q_x(t) \\ q_y(t) & -q_x(t) & q_w(t) \end{matrix} \right]^{-1} \frac{2}{\delta t} \left( \left(\begin{matrix}q_w(t+\delta t) \\ q_x(t+\delta t) \\ q_y(t+\delta t) \\ q_z(t+\delta t) \end{matrix}\right) - \left(\begin{matrix}q_w(t) \\ q_x(t) \\ q_y(t) \\ q_z(t) \end{matrix}\right) \right) = \left(\begin{matrix} \omega_x(t) \\ \omega_y(t) \\ \omega_z(t) \end{matrix} \right). $$
If I am not mistaken (be careful about the quaternion convention. Some use frame representation, some use rotation operator representation), the result will be in the frame of the IMU platform. You can convert this vector to the home axis frame by using the vector rotation formula.
 - \$\begingroup\$ Thank you for the detailed answer. I'll have a look through it and try to implement. \$\endgroup\$ – Zhelyazko Grudov Apr 23 at 18:30
 - \$\begingroup\$ I've been working on this project for the last couple of months. Just went over this answer again and realized how much of it went over my head. Thank you for taking the time. I'm still having trouble reconstructing the angular velocity from quaternions, or finding a way to work around pitch/roll mixing. Not sure if appropriate, but would you be willing/available for a paid consultation? \$\endgroup\$ – Zhelyazko Grudov May 18 at 8:48
 - \$\begingroup\$ Thanks for responding. I will post a new question, and see how it goes. \$\endgroup\$ – Zhelyazko Grudov May 18 at 13:03
Your Answer


text:
Tesla 10 series
17 July 2008
This year at the International Supercomputing Conference, Nvidia, a leader in GPU technologies, introduced its second-generation platform, the Tesla 10 series computing solutions. Binary compatible and supporting the industry standard language of C, the new products enable developers to solve their computational challenges in a common and familiar development environment that moves easily from one generation to the next with no re-coding required.
The Tesla product family includes the Tesla S1070 1U computing system and the Tesla C1060 computing processor and delivers:
- Up to 4 Teraflops per 1U system;
- IEEE 754 arithmetic support;
- 16 Gigabytes of memory per 1U system; and
- A highly efficient computing environment
When combined with the CUDA C-language development software for parallel computing, the new Tesla products extend the reach of GPUs to any computationally intensive applications requiring double precision accuracy. To date, over 70 million CUDA enabled GPUs have been sold into the market and over 60,000 downloads of the C-compiler have been recorded through the community website. As a result, developers across a wide variety of fields including financial analysis, astrophysics and seismic imaging are using Nvidia's CUDA development tools. These developers can exploit the GPU's parallel computing architecture to automatically distribute computing work to hundreds of processor cores.


text:
The Nature Conservancy and the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation announce the acquisition of 63.83 acres of important habitat along the Clinch River, dedicated as part of the Pinnacle Natural Area Preserve.
Virginia's Natural Area Preserve System now contains 60 Natural Area Preserves, protecting 50,025 acres, providing important natural area access for Virginia's citizens, and securing habitat for 587 exemplary natural communities and rare plant and animal species. These new protected areas along the Clinch River also reduce sedimentation and provide natural pollution barriers, helping to keep streams and rivers healthy for mussels, fish and for the freshwater we all need.
The acquisition was supported by a U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Endangered Species Recovery Land Acquisition Grant, administered by the Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, and the Virginia 2002 Park and Natural Areas Bond.
"This property is a priority for The Nature Conservancy and its partners for reducing the impact of sedimentation in the Clinch River, one of the primary threats for fish, freshwater mussels and other life in the river," said Steve Lindeman, Land Protection Program Manager with The Nature Conservancy. "The Clinch River is an important source of freshwater to the communities of southwestern Virginia and we thank the Lark Family for their long-term conservation vision."
Pinnacle Natural Area Preserve, named for an impressive rock formation, is known for its cliffs, limestone ledges, waterfalls and globally rare natural communities and species. The area has hiking trails and is popular for nature study and photography.
The Clinch River, part of which is a designated Virginia Scenic River, is home to the most diverse fish populations in the upper Tennessee River basin and the most diverse of all river basins in Virginia, including 45 species of fish and globally rare freshwater mussels. The acquisition of the two tracks of land along the river will prevent excess sedimentation and other pollution associated with irresponsible development.
"The protected area along the Clinch River is an important step toward Gov. Bob McDonnell's pledge to protect 400,000 acres during his term for Virginians to enjoy for generations to come," said David A. Johnson, Director of the Department of Conservation and Recreation.
"This key addition to the Pinnacle Natural Area Preserve provides important water-quality protection for the many globally rare freshwater fish and mussels in the Clinch, and moves the State Natural Area Preserve System over the 50,000-acre benchmark," said Tom Smith, DCR Natural Heritage Director.
The property is now owned by the Nature Conservancy and will be transferred to the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation at a future date as part of the Pinnacle Natural Area Preserve.
The Nature Conservancy is a leading conservation organization working around the world to protect ecologically important lands and waters for nature and people. The Conservancy and its more than 1 million members have protected nearly 120 million acres worldwide. Visit The Nature Conservancy on the Web at _URL_.


text:
adjetivo(usually in phrase big-endian or little-endian) Computing
- In the bigendian systems, those bytes happened to be zeros (making the system appear to work properly), while on the little-endian systems, they were nonzero, causing the string to appear to be corrupted.
- Out of the many advantages to this format, one is quite relevant to Linux users: it is fully binary-compatible across big-endian and little-endian computers.
- Remember, on a little-endian machine, the first byte is the least significant one.
1980s: from Swift's Gulliver's Travels, in which big-endians and little-endians ate boiled eggs by breaking the 'big' end or 'little' end respectively.
For editors and proofreaders
Saltos de línea: end¦ian
Definición de endian en:
¿Qué te llama la atención de esta palabra o frase?
Los comentarios que no respeten nuestras Normas comunitarias podrían ser moderados o eliminados.


Calculating the difference between two time stamps
Excel _PHONE_ 2010 2007 2003
Because time stamps are represented as serial numbers, you can subtract the earlier time from the later time to get the difference.
For example, if cell A2 contains 9:00:00 and cell B2 contains 17:30:00, the following formula returns 08:30:00 (a difference of eight hours and 30 minutes):
= B2 - A2
Formula in Excel 2013
If the subtraction results in a negative value, however, it becomes an invalid time; Excel displays a series of hash marks (#######) because a time without a date has a date series number of 0. A negative time results in a negative series number, which is not permitted.
If the direction of the time difference doesn't matter, you can use the ABS function to return the absolute value of the difference:
= ABS (B3 - A3)
ABS Formula in Excel 2013
This negative time problem often occurs when calculating an elapsed time - for example, calculating the number of hours worked given a start time and an end time. This presents no problem if the two times fall in the same day. But if the work shift spans midnight, the result is an negative time.
For example, you may start work at 08:00 PM and end work at 5:00 AM the next day. Using the ABS function (to calculate the absolute value) isn't an option in this case because it returns the wrong result (15 hours). The following formula, however, does work:
= IF (B3 < A3, B3 + 1, B3) - A3
IF Formula in Excel 2013
In fact, another formula (even simple) can do the job:
= MOD (B3 - A3, 1)


text:
Source: Wide Angle: "Crossing Heaven's Border"
Heaven on Earth Transcript (Document)
Narration: Defectors started pouring out of North Korea in the mid 1990s, when its economy collapsed and its citizens endured a catastrophic food shortage known as the great famine. Up to a million North Koreans died.
Narration: Hunger and poverty still drive some to defect… so too, do the policies of North Korea's dictator Kim Jong Il.
Narration: The so-called "Dear Leader" rules with the aid and allegiance of an all-pervasive secret-police force. Citizens are spied on. Those deemed not loyal enough are sent to live in prison camps.
Narration: But the journalists would learn from North Korean defectors that they aren't just escaping from something… but also to something.
Lee Hark Joon: It's not just because of starvation or hatred toward Kim Jong Il. They escape for hope. There is no hope there. We called our story "Crossing Heaven's Border." People ask if that means they're crossing out of heaven, because North Korean propaganda says "North Korea is Heaven on Earth." But it's not that. By escaping, they think they are crossing into heaven. They are continuously reaching for their Heaven. That's their hope.
Narration: That heaven, for most, is South Korea…where defectors hope to one day share in a Korean culture that includes more free expression and a first world standard of living.
Narration: But for the estimated 100,000 North Koreans living underground in China, heaven is a long way off.
Academic standards correlations on Teachers' Domain use the Achievement Standards Network (ASN) database of state and national standards, provided to NSDL projects courtesy of JES & Co.
We assign reference terms to each statement within a standards document and to each media resource, and correlations are based upon matches of these terms for a given grade band. If a particular standards document of interest to you is not displayed yet, it most likely has not yet been processed by ASN or by Teachers' Domain. We will be adding social studies and arts correlations over the coming year, and also will be increasing the specificity of alignment.


text:
The Governance of the International Monetary System
This paper proposes a reformed architecture of the international monetary system based on three pillars. The first is a representative apex organization, which can be understood as a transformation of the G-20 into a representative international institution. The second is the continuous reform of 'voice and participation' of developing countries in the Bretton Woods Institutions and global regulatory bodies. The third is the design of a 'dense', multi-layered architecture, with the active contribution of regional and sub-regional institutions, in a sense copying in this regard the denser architecture in place in the system of multilateral development banks.


Lucent360™ Case Study:
Multiple LED Intensity / Catalyst Screening in a Single Experiment
The Lucent360™ LED modules and vial holders/reactors are interchangeable allowing the user to design the perfect experiment to fit their needs. With variable wavelength, light intensities vial arrangements and temperature control, the flexibility available to design a custom optimization are seemingly endless. The Lucent360™ allows you to quickly investigate the reactions parameters necessary to scale up a reaction at small scale with production using the same instrument.
A demonstration of the flexibility afforded by the Lucent360™ is shown by the following reaction light intensity and catalyst screen for the iridium catalyzed C-C bond formation (see Figure 1).
Figure 1:
Using the Lucent 360™ multi-light screener (HCK1021-01-010) capable of screening 16 reactions at 4 different wavelengths and light intensities, the following reaction screen was performed at 450 nm. Four iridium catalyst concentrations (1 mol %, 0.5 mol %, 0.1 mol %, 0.01 mol %.) were performed with four different light intensities on the Lucent360™. Based on the actinometry experiments performed in 2 ml reactions, each setting corresponds to running the reactions at 0.25 W, 0.54 W, 1.05 W and 1.2 W effective power. These effective powers correspond to photon flux ranging from 9.5×10-7 to 4.5×10-6 Einstein/s (moles photons/second).
Effective Power/
Reaction (W)
(+/-) Photon Flux (Einstein/s)
Quadrant 1 1.21 8.4% 4.54E-06
Quadrant 2 1.05 8.3% 3.94E-06
Quadrant 3 0.54 6.0% 2.03E-06
Quadrant 4 0.25 4.1% 9.50E-07
The multi-light intensity/catalyst screen was performed according to the following protocol (Table 1):
To each 4 ml vial equipped with a Teflon septa and stir bar was added a solution containing 1.1 mg Ni-glyme (5 mol %, 5 µmol) and 1.3 mg dtbbpy (5 mol %, 5 µmol) in methanol and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure (16 vials). To the resulting vial was weighed 48.9 mg Cs2CO3 (1.5 equiv., 150 µmol under inert atmosphere and capped. To this vial was added a 1 ml sparged solution in DMSO containing 19.9 mg bromoacetophenone (100 µmol), 35.6 mg Boc-Val-OH (1.5 equiv., 150 µmol) and 7.7 mg biphenyl (0.5 equiv., 50 µmol) as an internal standard. Ir(dF-CF3-ppy)2(dtbbpy) was added as a solution in DMSO to afford 0.01, 0.1, 0.5 or 1 mol % catalyst. Additional DMSO was added to each reaction to bring total reaction volume to 2.0 mL DMSO. Reaction was performed at 30 °C in the Lucent360™ with 450 nm LED. Analytical samples were taken from each vial at 5, 15, 30 and 60 minutes for analysis by LC-MS (10 µL dilution to 1 mL in DMSO).
Table 1: Experimental Details (for standard conditions)
Reagent Equivalent Amount (µmol) 0.05 M
bromoacetophenone 1 100 19.9 mg
boc-Val-OH 1.5 150 32.6 mg
Ir(dF-CF3-ppy)2(dtbbpy) 0.01 1 1.1 mg
Ni-glyme 0.05 5 1.1 mg
dtbbpyp 0.05 5 1.3 mg
Cs2CO3 1.5 150 48.9 mg
Biphenyl 0.5 50 7.7 mg
solvent DMSO 0.05M 0.002 L
Monitoring the reaction screen for 1 hr demonstrated clear trends in the product formation in relation to the catalyst concentration and light intensity (Table 2). Each reaction with 1 mol % Ir catalyst resulted in similar conversions (62-65%) at 60 minutes independent of the power setting. With 0.5 mol % catalyst 0.54 W or higher was sufficient to achieve a similar conversion. Lower catalyst loadings were detrimental to the conversion regardless of power setting.
Conversion at 60 minutes
Power (%)
Ir cat
0.25 W 0.54 W 1.05 W 1.21 W
1 62.0 63.5 65.6 65.2
0.5 47.8 65.1 67.7 65.8
0.1 15.7 33.7 45.2 47.7
0.01 1.0 0.2 2.6 2.6
While final conversion is similar for the seven conditions highlighted in green in Table 2, significant differences were observed in the initial rates and time to reaction completion (Figure 3). Both reactions at 1.0 W and 1.2 W are completed by 30 minutes with minimal additional product formation while the two lower power settings take the full 60 minutes for completion.
Figure 3: Plot of time course for 1 mol % at 0.25 W, 0.54 W, 1.05 W and 1.21 W
Based on the results, the reaction can be performed with 0.5 mol % photocatalyst and 0.54W to achieve similar conversions to higher catalyst loading and light intensity (Figure 4) albeit with a slower reaction.
Figure 4: Plot of time course for 0.54 W setting with 4 catalyst concentrations
Monitoring the initial rate of the reaction at 5 minutes, we can begin to see clearly the significant effect of the light intensity on the reaction. Increasing the initial rate of the reaction is a key parameter in determining the appropriate conditions to scale up a photochemical reaction. What does this all mean for this C-C bond formation reaction? We're not sure yet, but we know that without the easy setup of the Lucent360™ and the ability to monitor multiple light intensities at the same time, it would have taken us significantly longer to get all this data. Maybe for our next experiment using this reaction, we could look at 4 different concentrations of the nickel co-catalyst at each light intensity in comparison to the 0.5 mol % iridium catalyst, or screen or add additional wavelengths (365 nm, 380 nm, 405 nm or change the concentration of the substrates. Whatever we decide, we know that it will be easy to perform with the Lucent360™.
Figure 5:
HepatoChem Inc
100 Cummings center, Suite 451C
Beverly, MA 01915 USA
office: _PHONE_
fax: _PHONE_


Listening Comprehension Test - True-False - Easy Level Test 03 was designed to help you practice English Listening Skills. You'll listen to a passage then answer the questions by select True or False.
You will listen "David is from Australia. He is tall and thin. He is an English teacher. He is going to Japan this summer vacation. He is going to visit many places in Japan".
Question 1. David is from England.
A. True
B. False
You should choose "B. False" then click "Submit" button to answers.
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Ateles fusciceps fusciceps — Overview
Brown-headed Spider Monkey learn more about names for this taxon
IUCN threat status:
Critically Endangered (CR)
Read full entry
Brown-headed spider monkey
The brown-headed spider monkey (Ateles fusciceps fusciceps ), is a critically endangered subspecies of the black-headed spider monkey, a type of New World monkey,[1] found in northwestern Ecuador.[2][3]
Its type locality is at 1500 m in the Hacienda Chinipamba, Imbabura Province in North-West Ecuador.[1] Some authorities, such as Froelich (1991), Collins and Dubach (2001) and Nieves (2005), do not recognize the black-headed spider monkey as a distinct species and so treat the brown-headed spider monkey as a subspecies of Geoffroy's spider monkey.[4]
The brown-headed spider monkey lives in tropical and subtropical humid forests that are between 100 and 1,700 metres (330 and 5,600 ft) above sea level. It lives in population densities of 1.2 monkeys per square kilometer.[2] It has a black or brown body and a brown head, while the Colombian spider monkey (A. f. rufiventris) is entirely black with some white on its chin.[2]
 2. ^ a b c d Cuarón, A.D., Morales, A., Shedden, A., Rodriguez-Luna, E. & de Grammont, P.C. (2008). Ateles fusciceps ssp. fusciceps. In: IUCN 2008. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 2009-05-21.
 3. ^ Rylands, A., Groves, C., Mittermeier, R., Cortes-Ortiz, L., and Hines, J. (2006). "Taxonomy and Distributions of Mesoamerican Primates". New Perspectives in the Study of Mesoamerican Primates. pp. 56–66. ISBN 0-387-25854-X.
 4. ^ Collins, A. (2008). "The taxonomic status of spider monkeys in the twenty-first century". In Campbell, C. Spider Monkeys. Cambridge University Press. pp. 50–67. ISBN 978-0-521-86750-4.
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Feb. 4, 2013 Newspapers are filled with stories describing reductions and removal of street lighting in order to reduce municipal costs. Tackling the tricky questions of when and where to install roadway illumination is a challenge for transportation agencies. Estimating nighttime crash reductions from roadway lighting is difficult in part because lighting tends to be installed along with other improvements like traffic signals or channelization, which makes it hard to isolate the benefits of lighting. Still, many believe that roadway lighting can improve visibility at night and that these improvements can provide drivers with increased time to respond to potential hazards. Previous efforts to relate visibility from roadway lighting to nighttime driving safety have been hampered by limited available data and by lack of consideration of vehicle headlights.
Working to overcome these limitations, Lighting Research Center (LRC) director and professor Mark Rea and senior research scientist John Bullough, collaborating with Eric Donnell, associate professor at Penn State and faculty researcher at the university's Thomas D. Larson Pennsylvania Transportation Institute, have recently published a paper in the journal Accident Analysis and Prevention describing a unique parallel approach to lighting safety analysis.
The team used lighting and crash data for state highway intersections in Minnesota to develop quantitative models relating nighttime driving safety to the presence of lighting at these intersections. Importantly, these models also included the effects of features like signals, medians and other intersection design and operational features in order to segregate the effects of lighting from these other aspects. Further, different statistical approaches yielded similar results, bolstering their reliability. Data for the statistical analyses were provided by the Minnesota Department of Transportation through the Federal Highway Administration's Highway Safety Information System.
In parallel, LRC researchers modeled prototypical roadway intersections with and without lighting, based on roadway lighting practices in Minnesota, and including the effects of vehicle headlights. Using a model of visual performance developed by Rea while at the National Research Council of Canada, they were able to estimate drivers' ability to detect potential hazards quickly and accurately under each lighting scenario compared to when no roadway lighting was present.
In both research efforts, Rea, Bullough and Donnell investigated rural and urban intersections with and without traffic signals. For example, the statistical models showed that roadway lighting at rural intersections tended to have small effects on nighttime driving safety. The team's visibility analyses suggested that rural intersection lighting provided relatively little benefit in terms of visual performance, because most rural intersections are illuminated by one or two poles located at the junction, but the high traffic speeds on most rural highways require drivers to see hazards when those hazards might still be hundreds of feet from the junction. Most importantly, the statistical safety improvements associated with lighting were strongly correlated with the visibility improvements for all intersection types evaluated.
"While the finding that safety benefits from roadway lighting are highly related to the visibility improvements lighting provides is not novel nor unexpected, evidence for this direct link has been scarce in the literature," said Rea. "Our models provide a tool that transportation agencies can begin using now to not only allocate lighting more efficiently, but to design lighting more effectively." As new practices such as solid-state lighting, adaptive roadway and vehicle lighting, and benefit-cost analysis continue to emerge, tools like those described by Rea, Donnell and Bullough will help agencies specify and shape lighting that minimizes energy use and environmental impact while maximizing the use of limited public resources.
Other social bookmarking and sharing tools:
- John D. Bullough, Eric T. Donnell, Mark S. Rea. To illuminate or not to illuminate: Roadway lighting as it affects traffic safety at intersections. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 2013; 53: 65 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2012.12.029
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.


Kirsten Nabe-Nielsen
Kirsten Nabe-Nielsen
I hold a Master's degree in Public Health Science and a Ph.D. degree from the Faculty of Health Sciences. My primary research interests are related to psychosocial exposures in the working environment, stress and health outcomes.
Aktuel forskning
I am currently leading the MEMORIA project which investigates the effect of psychosocial work factors, shift work, and stress on the risk of dementia. Furthermore, I work on a project on bullying and labor-market outcomes and a project on working hours and risk of accidents.
Undervisningsog vejledningsområder
I supervise at all academic levels within my research area (see key words/emneord).
Primære forskningsområder
Many people spend a large part of their time awake at the workplace. Therefore, exposures at the workplace may have a large impact on health. Furthermore, the workplace is a suitable setting for health promotion.
My primary interest is psychosocial working conditions and shift work and their effect on health outcomes. I am also interested in how work, in particular working hours, could be adapted to the individual employee's personal preferences, and how such an adaption may have beneficial health effects. Among the outcomes that have my interest are dementia, headache, stress and work ability.
ID: 32623431


By Joseph Conlin
Up from a meeting in the Carolinas, a weekend home, an interview in his Chicago office first thing Monday morning, a telephone conference with a client, and then off to O'Hare International for a flight to New York City. That's five days in the life of Jonathan Howe, president and a senior and founding Partner of Howe & Hutton, Ltd. in Chicago. He has written hundreds of articles and papers, and with a thespian's delivery, Howe has shared legal insight with the meetings industry for decades, earning a reputation as an industry expert with a steel-trap mind. A board director for Duke Law School, his alma mater, Howe broke ground in the highly specialized field of international meetings law in 1969.
MeetingsNet: Let's start with the basics. What is the distinction between offshore and international meetings?
Jonathan Howe: The distinction is defined by the nature of the attendee. In my dictionary or lexicon, if you will, offshore means that an organization says, "We as a group will leave our home country and run a meeting in another one." In other words, an offshore meeting is composed of a homogeneous group gathering outside the boundaries of its home country. A meeting is international when its attendees are international in scope—not one homogeneous group of Americans, Canadians, Mexicans, or Brits, but a diverse group with attendees from many nations.
MeetingsNet: What is the distinction in terms of negotiations and contracts?
Howe: A planner of an offshore meeting must be acclimated to different procedures used in negotiations and contracts because each country has different laws and customs affecting both. With an international meeting, a planner may face similar issues. At the same time, procedures for an international meeting may be entirely familiar. For example, to organize an international meeting in New York, a planner would deal with local suppliers pretty much the same way he or she does in the rest of the country.
MeetingsNet: What caveats can you give planners of offshore meetings, whether they're attended by Americans, or people from a variety of countries?
Howe: The communication between planner and attendees becomes complex. For example, the planner of an offshore meeting should ask, "What am I doing to get my people into the country? Will there be visa problems? Will there be liabilities regarding getting people to and from [the meeting site] and even at the meeting site?"
MeetingsNet: Do planners expose themselves or their organizations to different liabilities when orchestrating international meetings?
Howe: There is liability any time a planner does not exercise due care. Due care takes on an added dimension with international meetings, especially as to the consequences of meeting in a particular venue. Primarily, there have been allegations made in regard to security issues. People have alleged that organizers failed to provide adequate warning about situations around various venues or activities.
For instance, there was a case a couple of years ago regarding a travel agent's failure to provide a warning. It seems that a group of American students were traveling by train through Mexico. The students were going from car to car. A student was seriously injured. According to the suit, there was a history of similar accidents, and because of such, the travel agent should have been aware and should have warned the students. That's the kind of situation a planner must address.
MeetingsNet: How can a meeting planner uncover this type of information?
Howe: The U.S. State Department issues warnings about potential problems in different locations. The alert list is updated frequently and is easy to obtain on the Internet or from a State Department office. Should a planner discover there are problems at the venue, he or she must ask, "What would the prudent planner do in that type of situation?" If the meeting is to proceed, a planner must then let people know what they might anticipate at the meeting venue. Planners might want to alter their contracts based on the State Department's list. The contract could state that because a venue is on the State Department's list, the meeting can be canceled at any time without any fee or obligation.
MeetingsNet: What is the most common mistake planners make with international meetings?
Howe: Assuming that the way we do business is the way they do business. Planners shouldn't rely on lingo used in the American marketplace. A first-class hotel in the United States is different than those in Europe or third-world countries. Another example is negotiations. Planners must do their homework. There are cultural hot buttons. The way we negotiate in the U.S. will not be effective in China, Japan, or Singapore.
MeetingsNet: What are some other relevant cultural differences that might impact negotiations?
Howe: Time can be cultural problem. For example, in all negotiations and contracts, there are elements that deal with time. The problem arises in that each culture defines time differently. There's an expression in the international market: "Is it Swiss time?" You can set your watch by Swiss time. Another culture's definition of time allows you only to set your calendar. You cannot fight the differences. Express interest and concern about how the deal is done, then develop a relationship and exchange valuable information.
MeetingsNet: How can planners guard against potential pitfalls?
Howe: Planners should check with their peers. Meeting Professionals International, the Professional Convention Management Association, and the American Society of Association Executives provide opportunities for sharing information and for networking. Also, find out which destination management companies or professional congress organizers have a good track record in overseas programs. Then call an attorney.
MeetingsNet: Why is an attorney necessary?
Howe: An attorney experienced in international law can help with contracts, currency issues, and making sure basic things like State Department Alert lists are checked out. A good attorney will note the differences in the methodology of contracts. Planners should not be fooled. There are those who will tell them not to worry, but sometimes there's a worry that even a vendor might not be aware of. For example, some countries automatically impose certain standards and conditions even if they are not in the contract. They may be conditions that the planner does not want to accept. It becomes a case of knowing what you are doing.
7 Tips for Conducting Business Internationally
1. Avoid assumptions about business or cultural protocol. If in doubt, observe and imitate.
2. Solicit advice from personal acquaintances, government contacts, or industry sources who have recently visited the country where your meeting will be held.
3. Avoid gestures, speak in low and even tones, and avoid attempts at humor.
4. Learn how to say thank you in the local language.
5. Allow more time to accomplish business transactions than you would in the U.S. Time is a cultural concept, so know the local attitudes towards punctuality.
6. Typical business blunders cluster around scheduling appointments, dressing for appointments, introductions, gift-giving customs, and negotiation procedures and pace.
7. If you cause offense, the best thing to do is just apologize. Most offenses are forgivable.
7 Things to Watch For in International Hotel Contracts
1. In most countries outside the U.S., business relationships are much more formal. Allow the other culture to take the lead.
2. With the exception of new convention hotels, most properties outside the U.S. have limited meeting space, and typically meeting room rentals are likely to cost you more than in the U.S. Further, meeting space in older hotels tends to be designed for food and beverage functions, not meetings with serious audiovisual needs.
3. Just as in the States, being flexible about timing can make a significant difference to your bottom line. For example, unlike in the U.S., the best hotel rates in Japan are available during the week, not the weekend.
4. Hotel contracts in other countries are often one-page letters of agreement, and the tricky part is to expand that document into something more substantial without offending your negotiating partner by implying mistrust.
5. Expect to pay a substantial pre-payment deposit at hotels outside the U.S. Some properties will accept a letter of credit.
6. U.S. sales representatives of international hotel chains can help with negotiating, logistics, and red tape—everything from banking information and airport transfer arrangements, to getting materials through customs.
7. Be aware that some countries automatically impose certain standards and conditions, which may not appear in your hotel or convention center contract.


(Result_, Params_...) {
 alias Result = Result_; /// the type of the object to be provided.
 alias Params = Params_; /// the type of provider parameters.
 /// Call the provider.
 final const(Result) opCall(Params params) {
 return delegate_(params);
 /// Call it with a structure or class as the argument (expanding its members into arguments
 /// in order).
 final const(Result) call(S)(S s) const {
 return callMemberFunctionWithParamsStruct!(this, "opCall", S)(s);
 /// The abstract virtual function used to create the provided object.
 abstract const(Result) delegate_(Params params);
 alias DelegateType = const(Result) delegate (Params params);
 /// Returns 'delegate_' as a delegate.
 final _USER_ DelegateType provider() {
 return &delegate_;
So Provider is a class template with type arguments Result_ and Params_ which specify correspondingly the provided object type and provider's parameter types list.
The most important member function is opCall() which returns the provided object. It can be called like object = provider.opCall(3, 7.2, otherObject) where provider is the provider object. opCall is a special method name in D, so it can be called instead with this syntax: object = provider(3, 7.2, otherObject) (that is object provider is a callable object).
The actual creation (or retrieval) of the provided object is accomplished by the delegate_() method. (It is called this way because delegate is a keyword in D.) This method has the same signature as our opCall method, that is receives some parameters and returns the object.
The property provider returns a reference ("delegate" in D terms, don't confuse with delegate providers in the Python library) to the delegate_ method (note that the delegate also contains a reference to the provider object). Not sure how to use it, but I provide it for completeness. Example: provider.provider.
The call method template can be used to call the provider with a struct (or class) as its only argument. The members of the struct are "expanded" in order of their declaration and passed to opCall method. This uses my struct-params library. Example:
struct Params {
 int x;
 float y;
MyProvider provider;
Params theParams = {x: 3, y: 7.4};
MyObject obj = provider.call(theParams); // suppose MyProvider has (int, float) Params argument.
ReferenceProvider is the same as Provider except it uses a reference type (ref keyword) for methods returning the provided object.
Callable and ReferenceCallable
Callable is probably the most often used kind of providers. It simply calls an user-specified function to obtain the provided object. This is useful mainly for non-singleton objects (or singleton objects provided by some other library or an OS).
class Callable(alias Function) : Provider!(ReturnType!Function, Parameters!Function) {
 override const(ReturnType!Function) delegate_(Params params) {
 return Function(params);
So, it is a class template receiving a function as its template argument. It is inherited from Provider with the function return type as the provider type and function parameters as the provider arguments.
Note it uses the templates ReturnType and Parameters from the module std.traits of D standard library.
struct Complex {
 float real, imaginary;
Complex polarForm(float radius, float angle) {
 Complex result = {real: radius * cos(angle), imaginary: radius * sin(angle)};
 return result;
PolarFormProvider provider = new Callable!polarForm; // not necessary to use a provider in this simple example, but that's just an example
Complex ourComplex = provider(3.2, 1.24);
ReferenceCallable is similar except that it returns the provided object by reference.
Singletons are objects which are created (in our case by our singleton provider) only once. If the provider is called again, the same object is returned. It is useful in such situations as to read and parse a configuration file only once, to create no more than one dialog window per document window, to do some complex computations only once, etc.
BaseGeneralSingleton and ReferenceBaseGeneralSingleton
class BaseGeneralSingleton(Base) : Provider!(Base.Result, Base.Params) {
 private Base _base;
 /// Create the singleton with given base provider.
 this(Base base) {
 _base = base;
 /// Get the base provider.
 _USER_ Base base() { return _base; }
BaseGeneralSingleton is a class template with an argument Base which should be another provider class.
The abstract delegate_() method is supposed to create an object by calling Base provider (but do it only once).
The constructor of BaseGeneralSingleton receives a provider of class Base. This provider is returned by base property of our singleton provider like singletonProvider.base.
ReferenceBaseGeneralSingleton is analogous.
In this version of the library all singleton provider classes are inherited from BaseGeneralSingleton or ReferenceBaseGeneralSingleton, but this is not the most efficient implementation and may change in a future version. A patch is welcome.
Three kinds of singletons
There are three kinds of singletons in my library:
 - thread-unsafe singletons (You must not call one such a provider simultaneously in more than one thread of a multi-threaded program to avoid hard to debug bugs, but if you use it properly it is probably the most efficient of the three kinds);
 - thread-safe singletons (You can call it in multi-threaded programs);
 - thread-local singletons (thread safe and also creates/obtains a single provided object per thread a provider is called in, instead of single object per provider, also efficient).
Below I will describe only thread-safe singletons, as API of the two other kinds is quite analogous.
ThreadSafeSingleton and ReferenceThreadSafeSingleton
class ThreadSafeSingleton(Base) : BaseGeneralSingleton!Base {
 this(Base base) { super(base); }
 override const(Result) delegate_(Params params) {
 return synchroizedMemoizeMember!(const(Base), "delegate_")(base, params);
This class just overrides the abstract delegate_() method with an appropriate implementation for a thread-safe singleton. The implementation uses my memoize library.
ThreadSafeCallableSingleton and ReferenceThreadSafeCallableSingleton
class ThreadSafeCallableSingleton(alias Function) : ThreadSafeSingleton!(Callable!Function) {
 this() {
 super(new Callable!Function);
It is a thread-safe singleton provider with the same API as Callable provider (but singleton).
FixedObject and ReferenceFixedObject
These provider classes return some already existing object (or reference to an object).
class FixedObject(alias obj) : Provider!(typeof(obj)) {
 override const(Result) delegate_() const {
 return obj;
float obj = 3.2;
auto provider = new FixedObject!obj;
auto referenceProvider = new ReferenceFixedObject!obj;
assert(provider() == obj);
assert(&referenceProvider() == &obj);
It is recommended to use pure-dependency-injector together with struct-params library which allows to specify just a subset of (for example provider's) parameters and use default values for the rest.
import struct_params;
mixin StructParams!("S", int, "x", float, "y"); // declare parameters x of type int and y of type float
float calc(int x, float y) { // some example float object creator
 return x * y;
immutable S.Regular myDefaults = { x: 3, y: 2.1 }; // default values
alias MyProvider = ProviderWithDefaults!(Callable!calc, S, myDefaults); // modify Callable!calc to have default values
immutable S.WithDefaults providerParams = { x: 2 }; // set value for x
auto provider = new MyProvider;
assert(provider.callWithDefaults(providerParams) - 4.2 < 1e-6); // check that 2*2.1 == 4.2 (2 is an explicit parameter x, 2.1 is y default)
Note that because of a deficiency of the current version of D, it uses struct declarations to define default and particular arguments, not "inline" literals. See about struct-params for more details.
Why I can't call new from a template
In this blog post (TODO: link) it is explained why we can't call operator new from a template (provider template class in our case) to create an object of a specified type.
Use this workaround to create a provider which constructs objects with new:
class C {
 int v;
 this(int a, int b) { v = a + b; }
auto cFactory = new Callable!((int a, int b) => new C(a, b));
assert(cFactory(1, 2).v == 3);
Here we use the above described Callable provider together with lambda function (int a, int b) => new C(a, b) which constructs objects of class C using operator new.
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The LinkURL parameter specifies a URL link to be associated with a stamp. You need to include the LinkURL parameter in the stamp file for text stamps. Example below:
Note: If you wish to apply a LinkURL to a JPEG or TIFF image, you must create two stamp items in your stamp file. The first stamp item must be the image and the second stamp item must be the LinkURL you wish to stamp on the image.


Redefining IAM: Harnessing AI to Identify Risk at the Speed of Change
 - LANGUAGE: English DATE: Thursday, May 28, 2020 TIME: 4:00pm CEST, 10:00am EDT, 7:00am PDT
Upcoming Webinars
Redefining IAM: Harnessing AI to Identify Risk at the Speed of Change How IAM Can Use AI to Enable Access Predictively With Less Effort and Risk
In an increasingly complex and rapidly changing business, IT and regulatory environment, traditional approaches to identity governance must evolve to keep up with the rate of change. Given the dynamic nature of today's business, managing entitlements and conducting access reviews have become particularly challenging, for example.
There is a lot of potentials, however, in IAM tools using artificial intelligence (AI) in the form of machine learning (ML) to address these challenges. Such tools could provide support in: creating roles, groups and other elements of entitlement models; identifying high-risk items for focused access reviews; and suggesting new entitlements in response to business, IT or regulatory change.
This webinar will look at:
 - How AI & ML can help deliver a more autonomous, predictive approach to identity and reduce manual work.
 - Where SailPoint Predictive Identity can deliver the biggest benefit.
 - Challenges and prerequisites for efficient use of an AI and ML-enabled identity platform.
 - SailPoint Predictive Identity as a solution for moving IAM to a new level.
Martin Kuppinger, Principal Analyst at KuppingerCole, will look at current challenges in IAM deployments and how modern technologies could help in overcoming these.
Paul Trulove, Chief Product Officer for SailPoint, will look at how this can be done in practice, discuss the considerations for efficient use, and provide insight into SailPoint Predictive Identity.
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What are Hospital Ice Chips?
Table of Contents
For oral hydration, hospitals use small pieces of Ice chips to soothe a sore throat or to cool the mouth and throat. Methods to make hospital ice chips are crushing ice cubes or breaking up the block of ice. Ice chips are typically made from purified water and are safe to consume. When patients cannot drink more significant amounts of liquid because of illness or medical treatment, they are commonly used in hospitals and other healthcare settings to help patients keep hydrated and comfortable. Some people also use ice chips at home to help with dehydration, sore throat, or other conditions that affect the mouth and throat.
Benefits Of Ice Chips
- Hydration: Ice chips can help to hydrate the body because is solid form of water. People who have trouble swallowing or might feel sick and struggle to drink more significant amounts of water will find this to be especially helpful.
- Cooling effect: Ice chips can provide a cooling effect on the body, which can help reduce fever or overheating.
- Sore throat relief: Ice chips can help numb the throat and temporarily relieve soreness or irritation.
- Oral hygiene: Ice chips can help to clean the mouth and teeth, as the cold temperature helps to make it bacteria free and freshen your breath.
- Digestive aid: Ice chips can help digestion, stimulate the small intestine, and reduce bloating or discomfort.
- Pain relief: To numb, use ice chips and reduce pain in some body regions, such as following a dental procedure or during a sports injury.
- Weight loss: Some people use ice chips to curb hunger cravings and assist with weight loss efforts.
- Energy boost: Ice chips can provide a quick burst of energy, as the body uses energy to heat the ice and bring it to body temperature.
Why Hospitals Give Ice Chips
Hospitals give ice chips for several reasons:
- Hydration: Ice chips can help keep a patient hydrated, especially if they cannot drink more significant amounts of fluids due to illness or surgery.
- Comfort: Ice chips can comfort patients who may have a dry mouth or throat due to medications or treatments.
- Oral care: After surgery, a patient might not be able to brush their teeth or wash their mouth with water. Ice chips can help to clean the mouth and teeth.
- Cooling: Ice chips can help to cool down a patient's body temperature in the hospital.
- Swelling: Ice chips can help to reduce swelling in the mouth, throat, or other areas of the body.
Ice chips are a simple but effective way to help care for patients in a hospital setting.
Why to Have Ice Chips only Before Surgery?
You can only have ice chips before surgery because they are easy to digest and do not need chewing or digestion. It is crucial because, during surgery, the body's digestive system is essentially shut down, so anything eaten before surgery will sit in the stomach and intestines without being properly processed. It can lead to nausea, vomiting, and other digestive issues. On the other hand, ice chips can be quickly and easily absorbed by the body and do not pose any potential digestive problems. Additionally, ice chips can help to keep you hydrated and can provide some relief for dry mouth or throat.
What Kind Of Ice Maker Do Hospitals Use?
Hospitals typically use commercial ice makers, which are larger and more powerful than residential ice makers. These ice makers can produce large quantities of ice, making them ideal for busy hospitals where ice is use for various purposes such as patient care, food and beverage service, and laboratory research. Some hospitals may also use ice makers specifically designed for medical use, equipped with features such as built-in water filtration systems to ensure the ice is clean and safe to consume.
In conclusion, hospital staff gives their patients ice chips since it simply keeps them hydrated before and following surgery. It makes sense to provide commercial ice rather than manually crushed ice to your patients, visitors, or staff members so they can enjoy their fizzy water or drinks while staying chilly or cool on a warm day. I suggest visiting my webpage if you want to enjoy ice chips in the convenience of your own house.


text:
It takes more information to understand labor shortages
May 12, 1999
No single measure of occupational labor shortages exists. However, a wide variety of available data can be used to assess potential shortages. For example, dramatic growth in employment is likely to reflect a significant rise in demand for a particular type of worker. An unusually low unemployment rate or rapidly rising wages might signal that demand for such workers exceeds the supply.
Used alone however, even this array of statistical data is not adequate to definitively identify labor shortages. Job vacancy data would be another obvious input to a thorough analysis of labor shortages, if they are available. But even when such data are available, it is important to keep in mind that just because employers have vacancies does not mean a shortage exists.
Plainly, general statistical data on labor shortages also should be combined with background information on specific occupations and detailed knowledge of the workings of the labor market. Conclusions about shortages should not be based on general labor market statistics alone or anecdotal evidence alone.
An analysis of identifying labor shortages was prepared in the Employment Projections program. Find more information in "Can occupational labor shortages be identified using available data?"Monthly Labor Review, March 1999.
Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, The Editor's Desk, It takes more information to understand labor shortages on the Internet at _URL_ (visited June 19, 2013).
Spotlight on Statistics: Productivity
This edition of Spotlight on Statistics examines labor productivity trends from 2000 through 2010 for selected industries and sectors within the nonfarm business sector of the U.S. economy. Read more »