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can be mixed after vaporization process.
Type of LNG vaporizer which is used for gasification process is selected carefully in consideration of environmental conditions. For example, the area where sea water is appropriate as heating medium is recommended to apply vaporizer using sea water. However, the area where sea water temperature is too low to be heating medium, or not allowed in environmental point of view, other types of heating medium such as propane, glycol, etc should be considered. In addition, of environmental aspect of heating medium discharge, process can be classified into "OPEN LOOP" and "CLOSED LOOP". Heating medium in "CLOSED LOOP" is circulated without discharge to overboard after regas process. Typical technologies such as propane/sea water based indirect heating, steam/glycol based indirect heating, and seawater based direct heating are presented as shown on
. Other important criteria such as efficiency, required electric consumption, CAPEX, OPEX, etc are also considered at system planning stage. Further development in these technologies will increase feasibility of FLNG project and create a way forward for successful development of cleaner energy for future.
- LNG offloading technology
LNG transfer from FLNG to LNG carrier is also key element in FLNG design and various type of transfer systems have been developed in different configuration such as side-by-side and tandem offloading (
MacDonlad et al., 2004
Side-by-side offloading uses Loading Arm facility for offloading operation to a ship alongside FLNG. Since two floating vessels are very close during offloading operation, it is important to control relative motions between the two vessels with state-of-the-art position monitoring systems to monitor both the position and the velocity of the LNG carrier.
Tandem offloading system allows a FLNG-to-LNG carrier transfer of LNG in a tandem configuration. By utilizing Dynamic Positioning system on the LNG carrier and heading control on the FLNG the LNG transfer operation can be carried out even in harsh weather conditions. Hydrodynamic analysis tools are used for a set of environmental load cases to verify feasibility. Tandem offloading allows offloading to LNG carrier in more rough sea conditions and offloading operation is permitted for significant wave height up to 4-5
. Various technologies as shown on
are now being evaluated through several on-going projects (
). Application of Chiksan LNG loading arm was selected for Prelude FLNG and Petronas FLNG I. Excelerate & Exmar successfully utilized composite hoses for Teesside GasPort (UK) and Offshore LNG terminal (Gulf of Mexico).
LNG offloading technologies.
LNG offloading technologies.
RESEARCH OF DESIGN CHALLENGES
Despite of vast improvements in technology and availability of analysis software, a number of challenges still remain for the design of the largest FLNG. In order to solve and mitigate those challenges, the essential FLNG requirements need to be understood and proper solutions to be found out.
- Determination and design of CCS
There are several design requirements for FLNG which need to be incorporated in the initial and concept design stage. A few of essential design condition and technology development to overcome design challenges are presented as below.
One of the major constraints is limited space. Different from the onshore facility, the design of floating facility will be affected by the dimension of hull structure, which may restrict the seamless integration of topsides and hull equipment. In case of LNG FPSO, large scale topsides module requires sufficient deck area for topsides facility maintaining the safety standards and flexibility to LNG production.
Secondly, large scale topsides module leads to heavy topsides weight. To successfully manage such increase in weight, a robust hull structure arrangement is required. At the same time, large capacity of LNG volume needs to be considered.
In the case of FLNG, in addition to the foregoing requirements, cargo sloshing due to the liquid flow is one of the important considerations for the stiffness of containment system. Containment system described in
, a variety of project requirements and sea conditions of operation area should be investigated. Independent tank structure such as MOSS and SPB has no sloshing issue because the influence from the liquid motion (sloshing) inside these tanks is already taken into account in its design. However, those have drawbacks such as CAPEX in SPB and Topside layout issues in Moss. Membrane type in contrast to SPB has advantage in CAPEX, but technical constraints in sloshing. Once a facility is in operation, wave motion will bring another major challenge. LNG CCS should be robust enough to resist against sloshing impact when partially filled in different operation conditions.
To meet the minimum requirements as stated above, two (2) Rows LNG CCS configuration has been recommended as shown in
. These two parallel arrangements of cargo tanks including center cofferdam along the longitudinal direction are applied to the design.
Two (2) rows LNG CCS configuration (GTT, 2013).
One of the major challenges faced was the design of the center cofferdam, as no reference code was available for design of two (2) rows LNG CCS configuration. IGC code, which is generally applied for the design of LNC carrier and regarded as the most relevant design guideline, states that "Longitudinal structural steel should be designed without any heating at the designated temperature criteria."
Calculations based on IGC code show the most severe temperature on structural steel may reach up to -65
which leads to the use of 9% Nickel or Duplex stainless steel rather than conventional carbon steel.
Although the 9% Nickel or Duplex stainless steel can provide the more low temperature resistance characteristics, they are not practical structural material for fabrication of center cofferdam when considering the huge size of FLNG facility, which may lead much more time and effort to complete the fabrication. Because low temperature carbon steel has been normally applied for the construction of the LNG carrier, the usage of low temperature steel is recommended to avoid any possible problem and will be more practical for fabrication.
Since there is no design guideline for two (2) row LNG CCS configuration, new design criteria have to be settled based on the fit to purpose concept considering actual site environmental conditions where the FLNG facility will be located. It has to be verified by computerized techniques.
Research was carried out based on new design criteria for FLNG (Consultation with Classification Society). As per new design criteria, actual site conditions is considered against conventional requirement of seawater temperature as 0
. Heat ingress study was carried out based on actual site conditions and additional heat transfer calculation were done considering radiation effect and fluid circulation between stringers as shown in
Heat transfer was calculated for radiation effect due to temperature difference between hull plates as per Eq. (1):
where σ is Stefan-Boltzmann constant, ε is emissivity, F is view factor, A is surface area, and T is Kelvin temperature.
Heat transfer diagram in center cofferdam of 2 row LNG CCS.
Further, heat transfer calculation was done by providing non-tight stringer and circulating fluid into center cofferdam. Based on the new design criteria, results obtained are summarized as presented in
Design criteria and results.
Design criteria and results.
Final result based on new design criteria shows the lowest temperature on structural steel is higher than -45
which is acceptable for use of low temperature carbon steel. This technical methodology has been verified by Classification Society.
It is necessary to establish the standard guideline with relevant authority which can be utilized for FLNG facility development based on the current experience.
- Safety design-cryogenic spill, fire risk, and passive fire protection (PFP)
FLNG design needs to maintain the utmost level of safety as it needs to deal with the effects of winds, waves and currents in the open sea. Few critical aspects from safety design point of view are briefly described as below.
Cryogenic Spill - Once spilled it can create a considerable volume of gas which can further expand once in contact with air to form even larger volume of gas which can result in asphyxiation. Further, due to very low temperature it can lead to material failure. In case of spillage, proper consideration needs to be given for containment of spillage and proper ventilation need to be provided.
Fire Risk - Cryogenic liquids are also associated with fire hazards. Spillage of flammable liquid like liquid hydrogen can greatly increase the risk of fire. Even in case of inert gases like nitrogen, spillage can lead to escape of nitrogen, leaving oxygen enriched condensate that can increase the flammability of material. Equipment containing cryogenic liquids should be kept away from combustible material to reduce the risk of fire.
Explosion Risk - Cryogenic liquids have high expansion ratios and vapor leakage can lead to over-pressure. During spillage it expands very quickly and if proper venting is not available it may lead to over-pressurization of the area or create oxygen condensate thereby leading to explosion risk.
These are only few of the major aspect that needs to be considered for safe and reliable design. For successful development of FLNG project, design criteria and mitigation action should be established beforehand and agreed upon. It will help the identification of various safety studies required for hazard identification. Once design criteria are finalized and mitigation plans are prepared, they should be incorporated in the final design and development of FLNG. This is required to maintain the safety and integrity of the system in different operation scenarios.
PFP is the counter concept of AFP (Active Fire Protection) on fire proofing system. AFP means the devices which directly extinguish a fire such as sprinkler, deluge, mist system, fire detection and drain system. While, PFP makes a target object maintain its functionality and structural integrity during a certain period without any extinguishment effect. Generally, cementation materials, fibers, composites and epoxy coatings have been used as PFP. The epoxy coatings


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The Impact of Shuttle Services on Urban Development
In urban development, the integration of shuttle services like Blue Sky Limo's Denver to Vail shuttles, has emerged as a significant political discussion point. This evolution marks a critical juncture in how cities approach transportation and infrastructure.
Shuttle Services are More Than Just a Ride
Shuttle services, often perceived as mere conveniences, play a pivotal role in shaping urban landscapes. These services provide crucial connectivity in areas underserved by traditional public transportation, bridging gaps and fostering inclusivity in urban mobility.
The Political Angle
Politically, the adoption and funding of shuttle services can be a contentious issue. Decision-makers must balance budget constraints with public demand for efficient and sustainable transportation options. This balancing act often sparks lively debates among politicians, urban planners, and residents.
The economic impact of shuttle services is profound. By improving accessibility, these services can invigorate local businesses and attract new investments. However, funding them requires careful allocation of government resources, a topic that frequently surfaces in political discussions.
From an environmental standpoint, shuttle services contribute to reducing carbon footprints. Their role in promoting greener urban environments aligns with broader political agendas focused on sustainability. This aspect often garners support from environmentally conscious politicians and activists.
The Future of Urban Mobility
As cities continue to evolve, the role of shuttle services in urban development will likely expand. Politicians and urban planners must navigate the complexities of integrating these services while addressing the concerns and aspirations of their constituents. The continuous advancements in technology also play a significant role in shaping the future of shuttle services, adding another layer to the political discourse. Autonomous and electric shuttles, for example, could redefine urban mobility and environmental impact.
Shuttle services are more than just a means of transportation; they are a reflection of political priorities and a catalyst for urban transformation. The ongoing dialogue about their role in city planning underscores the intersection between politics and practical urban development strategies, highlighting the importance of innovative and forward-thinking policies in shaping the future of our cities.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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3,6-Dithiophen-2-yl-2,5-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione (DPP) based organic molecules and polymers have received strong attention as the donor materials of efficient organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs). This paper reports the synthesis and characterization of two DPP-based organic molecules functionalized with phenanthrene and ethynylphenanthrene and their application as the donor materials of solution-processed OPVs. They have band gaps of 1.61.8 eV and appropriate energy levels, and they can be soluble in common organic solvents such as chloroform and tetrahydrofuran. The C≡C triple bond in ethynylphenanthrene has a strong effect on the structure and properties of molecules. It increases the rigidity of molecule, decreases the solubility in organic solvents, and increases the crystallinity of the active layer and photovoltaic performance of the OPVs. The optimal photovoltaic efficiency of OPVs with ethynylphenanthrene-functionalized DPP is 1.71% under AM 1.5 G illumination (100 mW cm-2), more than double of that of the OPVs with phenanthrene-functionalized DPP.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
- Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
- Surfaces, Coatings and Films


You are here: Home > Blog > Dr Chris Ridgway > Remembering VE Day: The 75th Anniversary
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Remembering VE Day: The 75th Anniversary
Chris Ridgway
By Dr Chris Ridgway // Thu 7th May 2020
Curatorial, History, Collection, Estate
On VE Day, 8th May 1945, Castle Howard, like countless homes, places emerged from six long years of conflict. During these years the building had been ravaged by fire, the Howards had suffered family bereavements, and the house was occupied by a girls school that had been evacuated from the East Coast. But today, on the 75th Anniversary of VE Day, we are reminded that this time of tragedy sparked the dawn of a new era for the Estate, led by two surviving siblings, Christian and George Howard. This new generation of the Howard Family would fight to save the House and Gardens, allowing it to be enjoyed by people from across the world to this day.
VE day in 1945 was met with euphoria, relief, and a sense of exhaustion, but there was also a feeling of unfinished business; the conflict in Europe might have ended but fighting continued in the Far East against Japan.
The war itself had little direct impact on Castle Howard, although in 1942 a German bomber had crashed nearby at Coneysthorpe crossroads just to the north of the Great Lake. The wounded pilot crawled from the wreckage to a nearby anti-aircraft gun emplacement and the local Home Guard rescued the other crew-members from the wreckage. In his memoir pilot Karl-Heinz Muhlen remembered how he had held a halting conversation in English with his captors who were keen to know what life was like in Germany.
In May 1945 the girls of Queen Margaret's School celebrated the defeat of Nazi Germany with a service of thanksgiving, a dance in the Long Gallery, and at dusk a huge bonfire in Ray Wood where an effigy of Hitler was burnt. The following day they went back to their classes; for staff and pupils teaching and learning carried on in wartime or peacetime regardless.
For Christian Howard, who had kept eye on the house and the estate during the war years, her joy was tempered with sorrow and anxiety. As well as friends and relatives who had been wounded, captured, or killed, two of her younger brothers had died in 1944: Mark in Normandy shortly after the landings in June, and Christopher a few months later in October, killed whilst piloting his Lancaster in an operation with Bomber Command. Christopher was shot down making a second attempt on the target the Kembs Dam; he was a courageous pilot and his commanding officer had praised him on an earlier mission when he had refused to release his bomb load because he was not satisfied that the aim was accurate enough. Initially he was listed as missing until his death was confirmed at the end of the year.


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1 - Apple Collection Home Page
2 - Bud Storage Process for Malus
3 - Bud Recovery Process for Malus
4 - Bud Cutter Invention
Preservation of genetic diversity is the driving factor behind why germplasm repositories exist. The Malus collection is maintained on a 50-acre farm located one mile north of Geneva. Typically, two trees are maintained for each accession. Some accessions are also stored as cryogenically preserved buds. Over time, more and more of the Malus collection will be stored in this manner, in addition to it being preserved as orchard-grown plants.
"The Big Apple Family": This mp3 file (24 MB) contains an interview with Phillip Forsline by Jean Feraca of Radio Without Borders (hereonearth.org), a live global cultural affairs call-in program at Wisconsin Public Radio. Phil was interviewed for nearly an hour about his work to increase the diversity of apple germplasm in the USDA National Plant Germplasm Collection through his apple collections made to Central Asia, China, Russia and Turkey from _PHONE_ with international teams of scientists. He discussed why these collections are important and what is being done by the Plant Genetic Resources Unit in characterizing that apple germplasm here on site and with multiple collaborators world-wide. He also answered questions about apple germplasm from individuals that called in during the program.
| 2 3 4 Next >>|


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noun (plural canaliculi /-ˌlī/)Anatomy
A small channel or duct.
More example sentences
- The first step is to cannulate each canaliculus using a lacrimal duct probe.
- Close inspection of the scans revealed an enlarged inferior tympanic canaliculus, an absent vertical carotid canal, a vascular prominence over the promontory and a normal horizontal intrapetrous carotid canal.
- PPIs are lipophilic weak bases that cross the parietal cell membrane and enter the acidic parietal cell canaliculus.
- More example sentences
- Elastin synthesis is increased during the canalicular and saccular stage of fetal development and reaches a peak during alveolarization in the neonatal stage.
- Four histologic types are recognized: total, canalicular, exocrine, and endocrine heterotopia.
- Excess of these metabolites in the urine in obstetric cholestasis may be related to malfunction of biliary canalicular transporters normally responsible for their secretion from hepatocytes into bile.


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What does the first stanza describe in "Because I Could Not Stop for Death" by Emily Dickinson?
The first stanza of "Because I Could Not Stop for Death" describes the gentleman caller who appears in order to take the speaker with him in his carriage. This caller is Death personified.
As readers of this poem peruse the stanzas, they realize the gentleman caller is Death. He appears to the speaker in the form of a man, but the mention of the carriage containing only the speaker, driver, and Immortality indicates the driver's role: he is transporting the speaker from her earthly house to the "House" that seems but a "swelling of the ground" with a scarcely visible roof. In other words, Death is carrying the speaker through her life to its end, the grave. As they ride, the speaker views her youth as the children playing at recess in school. She then views the "Fields of Gazing Grain" that represent her maturity into womanhood. Finally, they pass "the Setting Sun" as she reaches the end of her life.
In the final stanza, the speaker addresses her audience from the grave as she recalls her realization that her caller was transporting her "toward Eternity."


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Definition of comeuppance in English:
noun[in singular] informal
A punishment or fate that someone deserves: he got his comeuppance in the end
More example sentences
- By any reasonable moral reckoning he deserves all the comeuppance of his bad faith.
- I kept turning the pages, anticipating the comeuppance that he so richly deserved.
- Among the more baffling parts of this showdown is why Madam Secretary would have invited such a comeuppance in the first place.
Words that rhyme with comeuppancetuppence, twopence
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
Comments that don't adhere to our Community Guidelines may be moderated or removed.


bbjay bbjay - 6 months ago 48
Objective-C Question
Xcode warning: Format specifies type 'long' but the argument has type 'int _Nullable'
I get this warning for the following line of code:
NSLog(@"selected segment: %li", _segmentControl.selectedSegmentIndex);
The property
is of type
If I change the format to
i get the following warning:
Format specifies type 'int' but the argument has type 'long _Nullable'
Are there any new format specifiers for Nullable types or is this just a bug in Xcode 7?
You should type:
NSLog(@"selected segment: %li", (long)_segmentControl.selectedSegmentIndex);
Because NSInteger has a different length in 32 and 64bit architecture. Previously you didn't see the warning, because probably you was compiling only against 64 bit architecture.
I'd also advise to read Apple Article, as there are new specifiers in Xcode 7 (among others nullable and nonnull).
To answer your doubts from the comment, please refer to this Apple document, where they state the following:
Type Specifiers
Script action: Warns about potential problems; may generate false negatives.
Typically, in 32-bit code you use the %d specifier to format int values in functions such as printf, NSAssert, and NSLog, and in methods such as stringWithFormat:. But with NSInteger, which on 64-bit architectures is the same size as long, you need to use the %ld specifier. Unless you are building 32-bit like 64-bit, these specifiers generates compiler warnings in 32-bit mode. To avoid this problem, you can cast the values to long or unsigned long, as appropriate. For example:
NSInteger i = 34;
printf("%ld\n", (long)i);


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good shape and good carriage to its hybrids, an unusual combination and one that is sorely needed in many of our modern complex Cattleya hybrids. She felt C. mendelii increased the size and improved the shape of Cattleya hybrids without unduly affecting the color of the other parent. Cattleya mendelii was the parent used to increase the size and shape of Cattleya intermedia 'Aquinii' to produce the splashed-petaled Cattleya Suavior 'Aquinii' in 1930. It was the parent of the best red-colored primary hybrid, Sophrocattleya Thwaitesii (C. mendelii x Soph. coccinea), which had better shape, size, and a clearer red color than Sophrocattleya Doris (C. dowiana x Soph. coccinea).
The delicate coloring of C. mendelii's sepals and petals contribute significantly to its beauty by magnifying the lovely color of the labellum, whether it is an intense rich purple or a pastel shade of lavender. The Royal Horticultural Society in London has given 16 First Class Certificates and more than 30 Awards of Merit to C. mendelii and most flowers exhibited had this beautiful contrast between the lip and the sepals and petals. A considerable number of plants awarded have had white sepals and petals and lavender labellums, and C. mendelii has more semialba clones than any other of the Cattleya species.
Despite the large number of semialba clones, however, very few true albas have been found. The two best-known albas were both imported by Low. The first one, C. mendelii 'Bluntii', FCC/RHS, was named for Low's collector who found the plant. The other, C. mendelii 'Stuart Low', FCC/RHS, was an 8-inch giant with wide petals that is usually considered the finest alba clone of the species. Surprisingly, 'Stuart Low' was still available commercially as late as 1950. Another famous old clone that is still found in private collections is the lovely semialba C. mendelii 'Thule', AM/RHS, which has a pale pinkish tint to the lip that gives it an enchanting appearance. Relatively few dark-petaled clones of C. mendelii have been found, and these have seldom been as beautiful as those with pastel sepals and petals and a contrasting darker lip. Cattleya mendelii also has flowers of relatively thin substance, which adds to their delicate beauty.
Cattleya mendelii is native to Colombia, where it grows at an altitude of 2,500 to 3,500 feet in the Eastern Cordillera. Plants imported in the late 1800s were reported to have come from an area lying between Pamplona and Bucaramanga, often growing on exposed precipices and bare rocks.
The history of the species, however, is painfully clear. Frederick Sander complained that, in the 1880s, his collectors in Colombia could send him 200 cases of C. mendelii when he asked for them, but by 1890, they could only send him one or two cases, and sometimes they even had to buy plants collected and cultivated by native Colombians as their own garden plants.
The grand old strain of C. mendelii that made the species famous and contributed so much to early Cattleya hybrids disappeared because the native habitat was literally stripped of all the plants, even down to the few specimens that adorned the houses of those who lived there. The old lavender clones of C. mendelii that were in cultivation slowly disappeared, as the fashion for dark-petaled Cattleya hybrids emerged and they could no longer be replaced from the jungles. The grand old monarch simply vanished, and only the colored parchments from the past remain to remind us of its majesty. Will it ever appear again? Perhaps. But we have waited 100 years already for this to happen. We can only hope that somewhere, in an obscure corner of the vast Colombian rainforests, the genes of that magnificent strain of C. mendelii still linger and, with still more time, these giants of the past may reappear to grace the orchid world as they did in the late 1800s, during the golden age of the Cattleya species. Until then, we can still enjoy the few C. mendelii that remain in cultivation, for they are among the loveliest of the large-flowered Cattleya species that exist anywhere. They are a collector's treasure and a grower's delight.
How to Grow Cattleya mendelii:
Cattleya mendelii is probably the easiest of all the Cattleya species to grow. It is a vigorous grower and a reliable producer of three or four flowers per flower stem each spring. It is more resistant to rot than most other Cattleya species and roots freely.
Cattleya mendelii normally flowers in April and May in the United States and remains in bloom for several weeks. It begins its new growth in midsummer and completes the growth by late autumn. It can make two growths a season under good growing conditions. When the new growth is completed, C. mendelii will rest until buds begin to form in the sheath in February or March. The plants should be watered less during the winter months to avoid damaging the roots.
Plants grow and flower best with a good amount of sun and air. They benefit from normal cattleya temperatures of 58 F to 60 F at night and 80 F to 85 F during the day.
Cattleya mendelii is one of the least troublesome plants I know, and is often recommended for beginning orchid growers. Although the C. mendelii available today are not the giant, round flowers of the past, they are still some of the loveliest large-flowered cattleyas you can find. — A.A. Chadwick


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DynaVibe can balance rotors as well as propellers, and key to accurate rotor balancing is proper placement of the lateral and vertical accelerometers as well as the phototach sensor.
Lateral Accelerometer Placement
The purpose of the lateral accelerometer is to measure the mass imbalance that occurs once per rotation (1-per) of the rotor. The best way to measure the mass imbalance is to maximize the sensitivity to the mass imbalance while minimizing sensitivity to other vibrations.
To do so, mount the lateral accelerometer as high as possible on the rotor mast to maximize sensitivity. It's also preferable to mount the accelerometer on a rigid structure. If the accelerometer is mounted on a bracket or other secondary structure, that structure may absorb vibration or modify the signal due to structural resonance. Furthermore, to maximize sensitivity, orient the accelerometer so that it is sensitive to the axis of minimum rotational inertia. For rotorcraft, this is usually the roll-axis, hence the reason for laterally mounting this accelerometer.
To minimize non-mass vibrations, point or align the accelerometer through the rotor shaft. If the accelerometer is mounted ahead of or behind the main rotor mast, then the accelerometer will receive vibration from the main rotor imbalance plus vibrations from any torsional vibration. This occurs frequently in analyzing engines: the vibration signature will change if the accelerometer is not pointed through the rotating element.
When measuring mass imbalance, a key area of focus is measuring the vibration when there is minimal forward airspeed. If the two blades are not identical in lift and drag, then blade asymmetry will cause a 1-per vibration. Measuring the mass imbalance at high forward speeds will cause the sensor to register both the mass imbalance and blade asymmetry. For this reason, it is best to collect mass imbalance data while in a step decent, power off.
When the lateral accelerometer and phototach are setup correctly, and the forward speed component of the 1-per vibration is eliminated, then balancing the rotor is just like balancing a prop.
Phototach Sensor Placement
Position the phototach so that it has a clear view of the rotor system, making sure that it is at least six inches away from the reflective tape target to get a good signal. A piece of reflective tape is applied to rotor system so the DynaVibe computer can determine the relative position of the blades to the vibration signal received by the accelerometer. The phototach position is determined by the polar charts that you will be using, the manufacturer's recommendation, or by talking with a DynaVibe team member.
Vertical Accelerometer Placement
The purpose of the vertical accelerometer is to measure vertical hop and pitch axis vibration. This requires placing the vertical accelerometer in the forward cabin as pictured. If vertical hop is present at the 1-per, then its cause is blade asymmetry. If it is present twice per rotor rotation (at the 2-per), its cause is the advancing blade lift and drag. It's usually possible to correct a 1-per vibration through tracking: making tracking better or worse depending on the blades. The 2-per vibration, however, is generally difficult to eliminate. For helicopters, DynaVibe engineers recommend using trim tabs to adjust the forward flight 1-per vibration.
For rotorcraft balancing, the full spectrum analysis capability the DynaVibe GX2 provides is excellent for troubleshooting. However, even the basic balancing capabilities of the DynaVibe Classic provide all that is necessary for rotor smoothing. The only frequencies requiring analysis are the prop, 1-per rotor, and 2-per rotor, which are within the scope of the DynaVibe Classic feature set. What also facilitates accurate rotorcraft balancing is expertise and knowledgeable customer service of the DynaVibe team.
Learn more by visiting the DynaVibe Rotorcraft FAQ.
DynaVibe is easy and economical to use for prop and rotorcraft balancing. For mechanics, shops and service centers, it adds profit to the bottom line. To learn about using DynaVibe to dynamically balance propellers and rotors, enter your email address below, visit the RPX Technologies website, or call: _PHONE_.


text:
Michael Wall, Ph.D.
Director of the Biodiversity Research Center of the Californias
Geology is the scientific study of Earth. The natural world around us is dependent on and shaped by geologic history.
Core specialties within the geological sciences focus on:
- the chemical composition of Earth (e.g., mineralogy, the study of minerals, and petrology, study of rocks);
- the structure of Earth (structural geology);
- landforms and the processes that produce them (geomorphology);
- geologic history, including the study of fossils (paleontology), and the development of sedimentary strata (stratigraphy).
Knowledge generated by geologists is essential to our understanding of the
living systems in our environment. The Museum research focus is on the flora, fauna and ecology of our region, both past and present, incorporating the geologic knowledge produced by researchers elsewhere. The articles and references provided here are selected for their focus on our particular region, within the broader geologic picture.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
PostgreSQL provides a large number of functions and operators for the built-in data types. Users can also define their own functions and operators, as described in Part V. The psql commands \df and \do can be used to show the list of all actually available functions and operators, respectively.
If you are concerned about portability then take note that most of the functions and operators described in this chapter, with the exception of the most trivial arithmetic and comparison operators and some explicitly marked functions, are not specified by the SQL standard. Some of the extended functionality is present in other SQL database management systems, and in many cases this functionality is compatible and consistent between the various implementations.
|a||b||a AND b||a OR b|
The operators AND and OR are commutative, that is, you can switch the left and right operand without affecting the result. But see Section 4.2.11 for more information about the order of evaluation of subexpressions.


Why Does My Dog Like To Be The Little Spoon? + Dog Cuddling Position
Why Does My Dog Like To Be The Little Spoon
Featured Image. Reddit
As a proud dog owner, you'll know that one of the simple pleasures of life is getting to cuddle up with your beloved furry friend and take a nice long nap.
Dogs taking a nap is one of the most adorable things to witness although, it's quite common for you to notice your dog bundled up in a strange sleeping or cuddling position.
A very common cuddling position that your dog might choose is being the little spoon.
For most dog owners, this is quite a troubling cuddle position because they fear it might be an indication of an ailing dog.
But that's not true
Then what does it mean when your dog chooses to be the little spoon?
What Is The Little Spoon Means For Your Dog?
dog and baby sleeping
Image. Reddit
If you've ever been lying down on your bed and your dog lies down next to you to be the little spoon, you've probably thought there might be a problem.
Some dog owners have considered this to be extremely weird with theories of their dog being Ill or on heat.
This as we've already mentioned, is not true.
Humans like to cuddle up to people they feel comfortable and safe around because it makes them feel loved.
Your dog isn't so different.
If your dog enjoys being the little spoon, then you should feel honored because it's one of their ultimate ways of bonding.
When your dog does this, it means he trusts you and wants to be close to you.
Simply put, it's a way for them to be affectionate with either you or other pets.
Dog Cuddling/Sleeping Position And What They Mean
dog likes to be the little spoon
Image. Reddit
Spooning might be a cute albeit strange way that your dog might want to cuddle in, it certainly is not the only cuddling position or sleeping position out there.
There are several cuddling positions that you might have witnessed your dog scooching in to try with you.
Either another family member, a pet, or their favorite stuffed toy.
1. The side sleeper
This fun cuddle position can go in two ways.
It's either your dog takes the dominant position that is being the big spoon or they become the little spoon and you take the dominant position.
This is a good way to cozy up with your dog regardless of what position you're in.
It's super comfortable for your dog and both of you can drift off to sleep feeling protected and loved.
2. Donut position
Although the curled dog or donut position isn't exactly a cuddling position, much like the little spoon, you can use your body to form a protective layer over your dog.
The donut is so-called because your dog curls up into a ball with their legs kept very close and their nose sometimes touching their hind legs.
And in so doing, they sort of resemble a furry donut.
When they do this it's often as a way to make themselves feel safe and warm.
If you and your dog have already bonded and have a trusting relationship, you can drape an arm over them to make them feel even safer.
3. The blanket hog
In this position, your dog will burrow under the blankets to try and be close to you.
They may then proceed to lie down next to you in a face-to-face position or they'll be the little spoon or the big spoon.
Your dog may try to be a blanket hog to either get closer to you or because they want an extra layer of protection to feel safe.
4. Belly up position
Who hasn't seen those cute YouTube videos where the dog is sleeping with their tummies in the air chasing a dream rabbit?
If your dog is in this position, it means they feel safe and are at ease with their environment.
Apart from being super adorable, this sleeping position can also be beneficial to their health.
With their feet in the air, they can cool off and relax their limbs after a long day.
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5. The shield
Who better to protect you than your trusted canine?
The shield is when your dog lies on top of your body and acts as sort of a barrier between you and the environment.
This might seem suffocating at first but they mean well.
It's their way of protecting their best friends and shielding them from any threats.
6. Back to back
Dogs sleep in this position in a similar way they might want to be in the spooning position, to get as close to you as they can.
To your dog just getting to fall asleep next to you is a delight in its own right.
By sleeping back to back with you, they're showing you love and offering you their human the ultimate protection.
7. Headlock
Remember how you used to put your favorite stuffed animal in a headlock as a kid, well it's similar but with less of a chokehold.
Ensure that you're gentle when holding your dog in this position to avoid hurting them.
This is a great cuddling position to show them love and affection plus it can be relaxing for you too.
8. The cradle
Dogs are pretty much big furry babies.
And you can treat them like so in the cradle position.
Maybe when you're taking a nap on the lounge you can hold them in your arms and drift off to sleep.
The cradle position is usually done with smaller dogs but that doesn't mean bigger dogs can't be part of the fun.
Just make sure the surface you're cuddling up on is strong enough and big enough for both of you.
Cuddling has numerous health benefits for both you and your pet.
It can lower stress levels and anxiety not to talk of all the endorphins that get released in the process.
Regularly cuddling your dog can make them feel safe and loved plus it's a bonding experience for both of you.
So get a blanket and bundle up with your canine friend today and let the bonding commence.
See Also


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Paintballs Can Cause 'Devastating' Eye Injuries
Eye protection can prevent nearly all injuries, reports study in American Journal of Ophthalmology
Philadelphia, 15 January 2009 – Paintballs can cause severe and 'visually devastating' eye injuries, especially when used in unsupervised settings without proper eye protection, reports a study in the February issue of the American Journal of Ophthalmology, published by Elsevier.
"Eye injuries secondary to high-velocity paintballs can cause tremendous damage to vital ocular structures often requiring extensive surgical intervention," comments Dr. Kyle J. Alliman of Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. "Unfortunately, visual loss is often permanent."
Dr. Alliman and colleagues analyzed the characteristics and outcomes of 36 patients treated for paintball injuries to the eye at Bascom Palmer Eye Institute between 1998 and 2005. The patients were mainly young men, average age 21 years.
The injuries were often quite severe, including rupture of the eyeball in 28 percent of patients and detached retina in 19 percent. Surgery was required in 81 percent of patients—including eventual removal of the eye (enucleation) in 22 percent. Even when the eye was saved, many patients had permanent visual loss. Overall, near-normal vision (20/40 or better) was restored in only 36 percent of eyes.
All of the patients were injured when using paintballs in a "non-recreational, uncontrolled setting," according to Dr. Alliman. None of the injuries occurred in formal, sponsored event. In all but one of the 36 cases, the patient was not wearing any type of eye protection when the injury occurred.
Paintball has become a popular recreational activity, with an estimated 10 million participants in the United States alone. The risk of paintball-related eye injuries has long been recognized. Organizers of formal paintball games require eye protection and education, which has significantly reduced the risk of severe eye injuries.
The researchers hope their study will draw attention to the alarming frequency of serious eye injuries related to paintballs, including the potential for permanent visual loss. "Awareness of the severe nature of paintball-related eye injury is paramount," says Dr. Alliman.
The new analysis suggests that severe paintball-related eye injuries are most likely to occur when paintballs are used in informal, uncontrolled settings. "Both the consumer and distributor alike must realize the seriousness of injury caused by the improper use of paintballs in order to implement effective precautionary strategies," Dr. Alliman adds. "Eye protection can prevent over 97 percent of injuries."
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About the American Journal of Ophthalmology
The American Journal of Ophthalmology is a peer-reviewed, scientific publication that welcomes the submission of original, previously unpublished manuscripts directed to ophthalmologists and visual science specialists describing clinical investigations, clinical observations, and clinically relevant laboratory investigations. Published monthly since 1884, the full text of the American Journal of Ophthalmology and supplementary material are also presented on the Internet at _URL_.
Elsevier is a world-leading provider of scientific, technical and medical information products and services. The company works in partnership with the global science and health communities to publish more than 2,000 journals, including The Lancet and Cell, and close to 20,000 book titles, including major reference works from Mosby and Saunders. Elsevier's online solutions include ScienceDirect, Scopus, Reaxys, ClinicalKey and Mosby's Suite, which enhance the productivity of science and health professionals, and the SciVal suite and MEDai's Pinpoint Review, which help research and health care institutions deliver better outcomes more cost-effectively.
A global business headquartered in Amsterdam, Elsevier employs 7,000 people worldwide. The company is part of Reed Elsevier Group plc, a world leading provider of professional information solutions. The group employs more than 30,000 people, including more than 15,000 in North America. Reed Elsevier Group plc is owned equally by two parent companies, Reed Elsevier PLC and Reed Elsevier NV. Their shares are traded on the London, Amsterdam and New York Stock Exchanges using the following ticker symbols: London: REL; Amsterdam: REN; New York: RUK and ENL.
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Bio ACE and multivitamins are both dietary supplements that can help to provide your body with essential vitamins and minerals. However, there are some key differences between the two.
- Bio ACE is a specific type of multivitamin that focuses on providing antioxidants. Antioxidants are substances that help to protect your cells from damage caused by free radicals. Free radicals are unstable molecules that can damage cells, leading to a number of health problems, including cancer, heart disease, and premature aging. Bio ACE contains high levels of vitamins A, C, and E, which are all powerful antioxidants.
- Multivitamins, on the other hand, are a more general type of supplement that provides a wide range of vitamins and minerals. They are not specifically designed to provide antioxidants, but they can still help to improve your overall health by providing your body with the nutrients it needs.
- In addition to antioxidants, Bio ACE also contains B vitamins, zinc, selenium, and grape seed extract. These nutrients can help to improve energy levels, boost the immune system, and protect against certain chronic diseases.
- Multivitamins, on the other hand, typically contain a wider range of vitamins and minerals, including calcium, iron, magnesium, and zinc. These nutrients are important for a variety of bodily functions, including bone health, energy production, and immune function.
Ultimately, the best type of supplement for you will depend on your individual needs and goals. If you are looking for a supplement that can help to protect your cells from damage caused by free radicals, then Bio ACE may be a good choice. If you are looking for a more general supplement that can provide your body with a wide range of nutrients, then a multivitamin may be a better option.
It is important to talk to your doctor before taking any dietary supplements, especially if you have any underlying health conditions.


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Castell Family History
14-Day Free Trial
Castell Name Meaning
English: variant spelling of Castle. Manx: from a short form of the Old Norse personal name Ásketill, composed of the elements áss 'god' + ketill 'kettle'. Catalan: topographic name from Catalan castell 'castle', a derivative of Late Latin castellum 'castle' (a diminutive of Latin castrum 'fort', 'Roman walled city'). Compare Spanish Castillo and Occitan (southern French) Castel. Probably an altered spelling of German Kastel.
Source: Dictionary of American Family Names ©2013, Oxford University Press
Similar surnames: Castel, Castello, Casteel, Castelo, Cassell, Axtell, Haskell, Cattell


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Joint mobilization is the careful application of skilled forces to restore a dislocated joint. This may be as a result of extended or torn ligaments, muscles and tendons found on the joints. Joint mobilization addresses joint pain and joint stiffness. Physical therapists at Whites Physical Therapy use the following techniques to administer joint mobilization:
- Gentle joint mobilization
- Mobility exercises
- Minimal energy techniques
- Joint manipulation
- Physiotherapy instrument Mobilization
These techniques ensure successful treatment of joint pain and stiffness. Our adept physiotherapists apprehend your joints and can easily regain full joint range and relieve joint anguish during therapy.
Successful Treatment Options
Physical therapists in Wilmington, MA came up with the following treatment options that have increased the rate of recovery among patients:
- Early injury treatment
- Soft tissue massage
- Running analysis
Importance of Joint Mobilization
Joint mobilization relieves pain and releases strain from joints in the body. Sport-related injuries are also treated through regular joint mobilization. Physical therapy at White Physical Therapy has also proven to be effective in addressing movement impairment in patients with disabilities and the elderly. It is especially effective in the treatment of joints affected by arthritis. Joint mobilization consistently and progressively improves joint movement and joint assimilation of food for growth and maintenance whiling decreasing muscle spasms.
Joint mobilization safety
Joint mobilization is secure as it is done at a slow pace and one can ask the therapist to halt the process if any discomfort is experienced. Thorough evaluation of blood and nerve circulation, bone muscle movement is carried out before the actual mobilization procedure is started. This is beneficial as one is able to discover other abnormalities in the blood or nervous physiology that can be treated early. Overall, joint mobilization is a secure, amiable and effective method of physical therapy.
For more information on our services, visit our offices in Wilmington, MA.


Are Car Loans Revolving Debt?
 - Post category:Loans
Buying a car is a big financial decision, but does a vehicle purchase mean you have revolving debt? Debt is a complicated subject, so we've researched in-depth to find the best answer to the question of how car loan debt works. Here's what we've uncovered.
Car loans are not revolving debt. A car loan is a type of debt, but only credit-type accounts are revolving debt, allowing you to run up a bill, then pay it down again. Credit cards are a prime example of revolving debt.
Are Car Loans Revolving Debt
While credit cards are one kind of revolving debt, there are others, too. And there's more to learn about car loans and revolving debt, so read on for all the facts.
What is Considered Revolving Debt?
Revolving debt works a lot as it sounds—the balance "revolves," or changes, depending on how you spend. But this type of debt refers solely to credit cards. Revolving credit, as it's also known, involves a borrower running up a balance, then paying it down.
Over time, your debt revolves, hopefully down to a zero balance. Another type of revolving credit is a home equity line of credit (HELOC), but other types of debt are monthly installments—such as mortgages and car loans.
Is a Car Loan Considered Debt?
Because you're borrowing cash from a financial institution to pay for your car, the loan you get is considered debt. You're paying off the value of the vehicle plus interest and any fees the lender charges. But there are different types of debt, and car loans are secured loans. If you don't pay on the vehicle, the lender can repossess it—they're securing the loan with the car.
Car loans are generally fixed monthly payments at an agreed-upon interest rate. The higher your down payment is at the time of purchase, the lower your remaining debt on the car loan. Of course, knowing whether car loans are amortized also impacts the bottom line—and your monthly payment.
But the bottom line is that a car loan is debt, and typically a long-lasting one. Most vehicle loans range from 36- to 72-month terms. And car dealerships may prefer that you use a loan rather than cash since it's a better deal for them. But six years (or more, in some cases) is a long time to pay down an installment debt.
How Car Loans Impact Debt to Income Ratio
It's important to note that because a car loan is considered debt, your minimum monthly payment impacts your debt to income ratio. A debt to income ratio is the figure many lenders use to determine whether you can afford the financial product you want.
A high debt to income ratio—meaning you're spending a lot on car payments, a mortgage, credit cards, and other debt—makes you a more significant risk to lenders of all types.
Is Installment Debt Better Than Revolving Debt?
The question of whether installment or revolving debt is better depends on multiple factors, such as the balance you owe, the credit you have available, your total debt to income ratio, and more.
Installment Debt vs. Revolving Debt Balances
The deciding factor on whether installment versus revolving debt is better might be the balance amount.
If you have a low balance on an installment type loan—such as a vehicle loan—it will only get smaller, boosting your credit score over time. But revolving debt can fluctuate, meaning the balance can get either higher or lower based on your spending habits.
At the same time, an installment debt with a higher balance doesn't always reflect well on your credit score. The good news is that the payment is typically predictable each month, and you'll eventually pay it off entirely.
Credit Utilization Ratio
Another factor to consider is your credit utilization ratio. This is a figure that applies to credit cards only and divides your total balance by the available credit you have.
So, if your credit card has a $1,000 limit and you have spent $500, your credit card utilization rate is 50 percent. To most credit agencies, a 50 percent utilization credit is high. Ideally, lenders want to see a utilization ratio under 30 percent, and that can help enhance your credit score.
In contrast with credit card revolving debt, installments aren't calculated with a utilization ratio. The odds are that your balance will keep dropping as you pay. As long as you don't miss a payment, your credit should go up.
Debt to Income Ratio
A good thing about revolving debt is that you can pay it down over a month or a few months. And while it's possible to pay off a car loan early, the odds are that you won't make a dent in the balance for at least a year or more.
Therefore, revolving debt can be better for your debt to income ratio because you can lower the balance. With an installment option like a vehicle loan or mortgage, your monthly payment is set—so it factors into the debt to income ratio calculations until you pay it off entirely.
If you're applying for a financial product like an auto loan and need to submit pay stubs, the lender will take your current debt and divide it by the monthly income on the stub. If your credit card balance is suitably low, you may qualify for an auto loan easily.
But if the balance is high, you might not qualify—until you pay down the revolving credit account to an acceptable level. Make sure you read this post about whether you need paystubs for an auto loan before you head to the sales lot.
Do Revolving Accounts Hurt Your Credit?
A revolving account can hurt your credit in a few different scenarios.
What Happens When You Use Too Much Credit?
You might see a ding on your credit score when your balance increases to over 50 percent of the available credit. Regardless of your debt to income ratio or your income in general, high credit card utilization shows that you're not living within your means.
Instead, you're racking up debt—and that suggests to lenders that you're a credit risk. Plus, the higher the balance on a revolving credit account, the more you'll pay in interest. As long as you're carrying a balance on the card—and you're not within a promotional period, such as with a zero APR—you'll be paying interest.
Maxing Out Credit Cards Hurts Your Score
If you stretch your credit card to the maximum available amount, that could also result in a plunging credit score. In general, maxing out any account has the potential to make your score plummet. Keeping your balances low—or paying them off before the bill is due—is the best way to protect your credit while utilizing revolving debt options.
Are you wondering how your credit score will impact a lending decision? Read this post on whether lenders look at Equifax versus TransUnion when pulling your credit.
Consequences of Paying Late
Paying late will also result in fees and a lower credit score. Keep in mind that depending on the card's APR, a higher balance likely means higher monthly payments. If you can't make a payment, your credit will dive as soon as the lender reports it.
Do Revolving Credit Applications and Account Closures Affect Credit?
Multiple applications for revolving accounts are another tick against you on creditworthiness decisions. Closing a credit card can also negatively affect your credit, so it's recommended to keep them open. Putting a single, small bill on your open card each month, then paying it off, can help your credit while avoiding dips due to account closures.
If you use it wisely, revolving debt can be an important part of your overall credit profile. Your credit score is calculated based on a handful of factors—and open and responsibly used revolving credit accounts are typically a benefit.


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BACN is technological "gateway" system that, acting as a sort-of middleware, interconnects different radio systems and datalinks and makes them able to transfer information and communicate.
The WB-57 bridges the gap between different kinetic platforms, such as U.S. Navy F/A-18s and USAF B-52 or B-1 bombers that are equipped with incompatible systems. Needless to say, its capability to link ground patrols, Forward Air Controllers (FACs)/Joint Terminal Attack Controllers and planes providing Close Air Support, is particularly important in Afghanistan, a theater where Line Of Sight communication can not always be established among the interested parties.
Consequently, WB-57s are frequently deployed in Asia.
One of them, NASA 928, flew there via Bermuda, Lajes and RAF Mildenhall last week. Its ferry flight could be easily tracked on Flight Aware, as the following screenshot shows.
The following picture show the WB-57 conducting final preps prior to the Afghan deployment. The ball turret system mounted on the nose houses houses an optical bench, providing installation of both HDTV and infrared cameras. According to the NASA website, optics consist of an 11-inch-diameter, 4.2 meter fixed-focal-length lens. The system can be operated in both auto track and manual modes.
A 32-inch-ball turret system was part of the WB-57 Ascent Video Experiment (WAVE) that enabled better observation of the Space Shuttle on days of heavier cloud cover.


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of buttons down the openings, and hand flaps. Both normally closed to form a deep V-neck, with a few buttons at the waist only. For winter a simple sheepskin overcoat (kürk), with the long fleece inside, could be worn buttoned to the collar; a variant is the ḵurasan kürkü, embroidered lavishly with patterns in silk. Shepherds may wear a felt cloak (yapınja). The cylindrical black hat of sheepskin, or sometimes astrakhan, called papaq, was worn over a skullcap (araqčın); in the 19th century the hat had the tall Qajar shape (see x, above). Tall embroidered nightcaps (šäbkülah), with four triangular sides, were typical of Azerbaijan. The outer coat was belted with a leather, silver-studded girdle (qayıš), often with pendant straps, or a silver one (kämär), or, in the case of old men, a waistband (quršaq) folded from a strip of material 4-6 m long and wound with a special knot. The use of embroidery extended to such items as watch cases (saat qabı), tobacco pouches (tänbäki kisäsi), pistol holsters (tapanja qabı), bandoliers (patrondaš), and even moustache ties (bıḡ baḡı) for use at night. Otherwise, men wore no ornament other than the belt and a long dagger, or, for the väznäli čuḵa, sets of silver cartridge caps with chains converging to the shoulder.
Women's jewelry included a wide variety of belts (kämär), of linked plaques with a rosette-shaped buckle, filigree, or flexible silver wire; rings (üzük); necklaces of small pearls; and notably a large ensemble consisting of an elaborate linked gold chain with either a large crescent pendant containing a star or four lateral medallions and a central, pointed pendant. The crescent-and-star was also a favorite motif for earrings (sırḡa). In Qarābāḡ the very low-cut breast opening of the arḵalīq was trimmed with a set of leaf-shaped pendants.
In urban areas women could go out only after covering themselves with a čādor (q.v.), called a čaršab (Pers. čādor-šab) reaching to the ankles; it was sometimes augmented by a face veil (rubänd) of fine cotton gauze, embroidered, with a "window" of pulled-thread work. The legs were covered with broad silken leggings (čaḵčur), which covered even the feet.
As the upper garments have, since the late 1960s, been gradually replaced by cardigans and raincoats, the headscarf and jewelry have proved the most durable elements, though gathered skirts are still retained in some villages.
Since the early 19th century at least, Kurdish costume has been noted for its vivid colors and sometimes violent contrasts, bearing a generic resemblance to the Azeri costume described above, but with some differences in detail and terminology and some additional elements. It was still quite distinct in the mid-1970s.
The Mīlān. Among the Mīlān (plate cxlix), between Makū and Ḵᵛoy, the women's shift (kırās, gırās) is cut like that of the Šahsevän, but with the addition of a flounce at ankle level, rows of buttonhole-stitch reinforcement at waist level, where the side gores meet the front and back panels, and underarm gussets; it is made of cotton print or silk brocade. Two or three of these are worn at a time, and the undermost (gırās-i banī) is fitted at the wrists with very long, tapering pendants (eḷček, kıḷčık), which are wound around the wrists of the upper coats and then fastened back to a pair of buttons at the root. The wide trousers (darpī, haval kırās) are cut from two layers of cloth, each of two widths, and quilted together, with a separate gusset at the crotch, and gathered at the ankles. The upper garment (der) is a long-sleeved coat, of ankle length, with a very full skirt cut from six widths and gathered in tucks (pur-pur) at the waist; the edges of both sides at the breast are quilted, and the armpits are left open for 5 cm. Up to four or five of these may be worn at once, depending on the season and the means of the wearer; typically they are of velvet (der-i maḵmer), and the uppermost is double-breasted, the others having straight sides left open in front. A waistcoat (eyläk), fitted with two pockets on each side and buttoned or tied at one point in front, is decorated on the breast with coins (parā). A square of brocade (šāl-pišt) is folded diagonally and tied around the waist as a sash, and an apron (mizär) is hung over it with ties knotted in front; nursing women wear an apron with an upper bib tied around the neck. The head is covered with a scarf of hand-printed silk edged with colored tassels, folded to a triangle (desmāl); when the triangle is centered on the brow, the right-hand tail is brought to the left and turned around the left one, and both are then wrapped around the head in opposite directions and tucked in. This scarf may be worn with a cap (kufi). Young girls wear essentially the same clothes but can go bareheaded, their hair in six shoulder-length plaits. Social standing is reflected in the number, quality, and condition of garments. Thus, to give two individual examples, a chief's wife wore a shift of mauve velvet with green cuffs over one of plum-colored silk, with a bright-blue velvet apron, a black waistcoat with gold trinkets, and a black-and-yellow headscarf, while an ordinary tribeswoman wore a shift of maroon-and-silver lurex over a floral cotton print, with an apple-green apron trimmed in red, a black waistcoat with silver coins, and a plain green headscarf. Both wore large bead necklaces, and the chief's wife several beaded bracelets and a large jeweled ring. Most younger married women preferred a red headscarf with yellow tassels. The Jalālī costume is similar. Men simply wear a dark Western suit and shirt; status is indicated by a white shirt, waistcoat, and a Western felt hat in place of the local knitted-mohair cap. Most women wear plastic shoes and the more prosperous men leather.
The Zarzā. Farther south, in the region of Ošnūya, Zarzā women wear a shift (kerās) in which the seam between the tight bodice and full pleated skirt occurs well below the waist; it has wide sleeves with very long pendants, which in normal use are knotted behind the shoulder blades, though they are let down for dancing and prayers. The wide trousers (derpe) are caught in with a tie at each ankle. The jacket (alḵāloḡ) has elbow-length sleeves but is left open in front; it is usually of plain velvet. The broad, soft sash (peštpand) is up to 20 m long and wrapped loosely so as to rest on the hips. The cylindrical cap (tās-kolā), of red or plumcolored velvet on a cardboard foundation, is embroidered with counterset triangles. The triangular shawl (dezmāl) placed over this is fringed on the two outer sides that meet below the shoulders; the other two comers are knotted once over the chest, and then thrown back and knotted once more to hang over the first behind the neck. A black scarf (hūrī), with red and white motifs and measuring 3-12 m long by 40 cm wide, is then wound round the cap and shawl together, and trimmed with a black-silk strip with a fringe, held onto the cap with a brooch. The shoes are of the light type known as kāl-e šīrāzī, moccasins with knitted foot coverings attached, also worn by men. The men's white calico shirt (kerās) is collarless, with a single button for the front opening, and again has long sleeve pendants, which are wound around the coat cuffs. The trousers (pāntor) are very loose at the top, so that the crotch gusset hangs down to mid-thigh, but taper below the knees; they are of home-woven cloth. The rather military coat (kovā) is closed to the neck with two rows of buttons, with two pockets on the breast, tailored sleeves, and skirts to mid-thigh, which are, however, worn inside the trousers; the coat is now being replaced by an ordinary Western-style officer's coat. A felt waistcoat (pastak) reaches the hips on top of the coat, and this is secured, open, with a sash (peštpand), which,


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Why Aren't Angels Scary Anymore?
Episode 5 | 10m 22s | Video has closed captioning.
As beings that mediate between heaven and earth, angels have been the focus of both fascination and fear for centuries. In the past, they've been described as fireballs, forms without substance, or massive beings that collect blood or trumpet the end of time. Where did these archetypes come from and why has that of the winged cherub endured?
Problems Playing Video? | Closed Captioning


question cost refers to raw material cost as well as machining cost)
 as a side note, what do you mean when you say non precision work? can you give an example of the tolerances you are referring to? i would agree with you if your tolerances are meant to be with in 0.001 in, but if you are aiming at a 0.063 in precision then i dont necessarily agree (depending on what you are doing, i.e. wood or plastic milling)
 1. Oh, I don't know, we just call it all 80-20. Using 1×1's make a box kite-like frame that's eight feet long. I'd trust it to hold a poster board at most.. If I remember right, one of the sides, 8′ by 42 inches, doesn't even have braces across the middle.
 1. Welding requires prep in order for the weld to look like a weld. Also, it helps if you know how to weld. Also, good luck making a cube-like frame that doesn't warp like a worm in agony…
 Al extrusion is just cut to length and bolted together with off-the-shelf parts, that's where it shines. Obviously, being made of extruded Al and joined with fasteners, it's never going to be as strong, but it's fast and easy to assemble.
 2. It takes time to learn to weld, welding equipment costs $$$ that can be hard to justify if not used often, there's a problem with warping etc. that makes proper welding as hard as using profiles, alu extrusions can make an almost as stiff construction as the steel one at less weight.
 Extrusions aren't shit.
 4. Use 8020 here for frames and robotic camera mounts (the mounts move manually, the robotic camera is separate.).
 Good stuff, and the stiffness over a number of feet is a factor, but put a right angle into the extrusion and just like an I-beam you've fixed the flex issue.
 5. The trick of using more connectors to make a right angle is an useful tip.
 Also want a cheap machinist square with absurd low tolerance? Use the door frame as a reference, or the laptop case, or a smartphone. Always invert the square to see if the square itself is really a square.
 1. Mill a scrap piece of metal into a precise enough cube with a well-aligned milling machine. Cheaper than a machinist's square if you already have a mill.
 If you're building with that 15mm square extrusion, a 123 block will be a good right angle reference, and you can make alignment pegs to screw into the edges and fit into the extrusion slots. Use a couple of C clamps to hold extrusion to block while tightening the corner plate.
 2. I have a lot of door frames, few of which I'd trust to be square. In fact, I know with certainty that a few of them aren't square since I had to adjust the doors they frame to fit so they'd close properly.
 You can find adequate machinist's squares for not much money. A 6 inch machinist square can be found new for under $15. Is it as good as a Starrett? Probably not. But I'd be willing to bet the difference in the cost of the two (about $185) that the difference in squareness is a lot less extreme than the difference in price.
 I know it's a safe bet though as I have both. I picked up a Starrett 6 inch machinist's square at an estate sale for about $25. It had a bit of surface rust which was easily cleaned up. Using a B grade granite surface plate and a dial test indicator setup I was able to compare its squareness to the cheap square's squareness. The difference wasn't detectable. If there is a difference it's less than 0.0003″ (the accuracy of my DTI with some slop thrown in for the non-tool-room-grade surface plate) over the length of the square. That kind of "slop" is far beyond acceptable for most applications and certainly for squaring up aluminum extrusion framing.
 Maybe I got lucky. But I bet even cheap and bad squares are more accurate than most alternatives.
 1. How straight would you say uni-strut is? Not that extruded aluminum is known to be all that straight, but I've often considered uni-strut and wondered how it compares.
 6. Quote:
 End quote.
 Well, I'll be damned if I leave those redundant connectors at the junction points once everything is tightened! They are like scaffolding, once you got everything in shape, remove them and keep them in your set as tools, to be used for another build.
 1. I wish this were true, as it'd make things a lot cheaper.
 When constraining junctions with multiple connectors you're not aiming for redundancy. Each connector constrains different beam to beam relationships. For example, if you have an inside L bracket, one that connects to one face of one beam, and the right angle face of a perpendicular beam on the same plane as the first, you cannot tighten that connector tight enough to ensure that the beams remain coplanar. Assuming one beam is fixed, any force applied to the other beam risks breaking the coplanar relationship of those beams.
 When you add a connector that constrains another relationship (like the coplanar relationship of the beams) it's not a redundant way of reducing the "angle slop", it's its own thing entirely. Does it reduce angle slop? Maybe, but only coincidentally. That's not what the added connector is for. The first connector constrains the beam angles relative to each other, the second connector constraints the connectors to a single plane.
 As far as constraining beam right angles is concerned I've found that the most effective connectors are the cam fasteners. When used on "single" dimensioned beams they work well to constrain beam angles. When using double cams (or butt fasteners) the constrain both angle, coplanar, and pitch/rotational relationships.
 The downside is that they are expensive, and they require drilling flat bottomed, counterbored holes with a pricey tool.
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JULIUS CAESAR NAVIGATOR
- Basic Navigation:
- Scene Index: Brief summaries of scenes, with links to the text.
Search Form: Search for any word in Julius Caesar.
- More Navigation:
- Notable Quotes: Famous quotations briefly explained and linked to the text.
- On Being a Roman: An annotated list of passages on Roman patriotism. Each passage is a link to the text.
- Pages from Plutarch, Shakespare's source for Julius Caesar.
- Selected Bibliography: A list of critical commentary in print. Each item is reviewed.


Why Parent-Child Relationships Go Sour
"I'm driving the tractor, daddy!!" Probably one of the most oft-reiterated themes that you'll find in various Scientology texts with respect to parenting is the subject of exchange, and the importance of the child being able to contribute back to the family. One such reference I came across recently was the following: "Parental-child relationships are sour, really, only for one good reason. And that is because the child cannot contribute equally to the parent contributions. This … [Read more...]


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Carbon nanofiber growth on thin rhodium layers
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|Abstract:||A thinlayer of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) was synthesized on a thin polycrystalline rhodium (Rh) metal layer by decomposing ethylene in the presence of hydrogen. Interaction of Rh crystals with carbon results in fragmentation and formation of Rh-nanoparticles, facilitating CNF growth. CNFs are immobilized on the surface by an apparently amorphous intermediate layer containing both Rh and C. Maximum CNF growth was achieved at intermediate hydrogen concentrations. A CNF growth mechanism by (sub-) surface diffusion of carbon on Rh is suggested.
Carbon nanofibers/tubes (CNF/Ts) are finding applications in e.g. electronic devices, electrochemical capacitors, catalyst support layers in microreactors, additives to polymers and super hydrophobic coatings. Controlled growth of these structures is important to realize application in nanoscale devices. Synthesis of CNF/Ts by catalytic chemical vapor deposition method offers high rate of carbongrowth and easy control of the reaction conditions. Fe, Co, Ni are widely studied metals for CNF/T growth, however, the presence of residual ferro-magnetic catalyst particles in the CNF/Ts may be an obstacle for research on the magnetic properties of CNF/Ts, as well as for applications in electronic devices, electrochemical capacitors and catalysts. In addition to ferro-magnetic metals, also Pd, Pt, Ag, Au, Ru, Re, Rh, Ir and Os enable CNF/T growth. So far, exclusively Pd was studied for growing CNF/Ts on thin metal films. In the present work, we report on synthesis CNFs on thin Rh layers, exploring the effect of the conditions on CNF growth.
A 100 nm polycrystalline rhodiumlayer was deposited at room temperature on a single crystalline silicon wafer (Ø 100 mm) using DC-sputtering technique. Prior to rhodium deposition, a 15 nm thick titanium adhesion layer was sputter deposited on the silicon wafer. CNF formation was carried out at atmospheric pressure in a quartz reactor. The fresh wafers were heated in nitrogen (100 ml/min) from room temperature to 600 °C (6 °C/min), followed by reduction in H2 (5 vol.%) for 15 min. After flushing with N2 for 5 min, ethylene was introduced, growing CNFs during 30 min. The concentration of ethylene (10 vol.%) in the feed was kept constant in all experiments, whereas the hydrogen concentration was varied between 0 and 20 vol.% (balance N2, total flowrate 100 ml/min).
Pretreatment of fresh wafers with H2 results in significant sintering of Rh grains from ∼10 nm to ∼85 nm, as can be seen in Fig. 1. XRD analysis of the wafers confirmed this as the intensity of the Rh(1 1 1) peak-width decreased significantly (Table 1). The only phase in the layer was metallic Rh according to XRD. Carbon deposition on the Rh surface resulted in the formation of CNFs with metal particles in the tips (Fig. 2), containing exclusively Rh and carbon, according TEM–EDX. This confirms that Rh particles are responsible for the formation of CNFs and no other metals contribute to the growth
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Arthur G. Shapiro: "Helix Rotation". American University. USA
The display consists of two columns of dots that move back and forth horizontally. What to do: Put a dark filter over one eye, and keep both eyes open. What to notice: 1. The dots look like a three-dimensional helix. 2. When the dark filter is over the left eye, the helix rotates clockwise; when the filter is over the right eye, the helix rotates counterclockwise. 3. When the viewer uses no filter but blurs the image by squinting both eyes or by using a defocusing lens, motion is upwards for one helix and downwards for the other.


Marginal Gains – A powerful tool to achieve your goals
In our blog, How To Beat Your Brain, we mentioned a concept called marginal gains. As promised, here's a quick run down of what marginal gains is and how you can use it to break down your goals and make more progress than conventional methods.
The concept of marginal gains was thrust into the spotlight after the London 2012 Olympics when GB Cycling performance director, Dave Brailsford, spoke about how he used the concept to improve GB Cycling performance so much that they dominated international cycling for over a decade. Dave Brailsford summed the concept up by saying "The whole principle came from the idea that if you broke down everything you could think of that goes into riding a bike, and then improved it by 1%, you will get a significant increase when you put them all together," (Source:
This summation is pretty spot on! Essentially you can break down a problem or in our case, your goals/performance into as many sub-categories as you wish and improve on each of these parts individually. When you then look at these sub-parts as a whole, you will have a larger overall increase/improvement on your performance. In the case of GB Cycling, they were aiming for gold medals so they may have gone into more details than is necessary for some people – take sleeping in the right position for example. Yes, it may work towards achieving your goals, but it probably isn't as important as just getting 8 hours of decent sleep if you're currently getting 5.
Below is a simplified version for someone who is trying to loose 10 lbs of fat in 5 weeks.
Goal – Loose 10 lbs of fat
Duration – 5 weeks
Higher level factors that affect fat loss
 1. Activity Levels
 2. Food quality
 3. Food intake
 4. Sleep quality
 5. Positive mind set
So here we have 5 higher level factors that will influence this goal of burning 10 lbs of fat in 5 weeks. Now, you can stop here and get going or you can break down each of these 5 factors into more sub-factors within each one. Below is the breakdown for one of these factors.
Activity Levels
 1. Exercise 4 times/week.
 2. Exercise for at least 1 hour for each session.
 3. Walk to work and back 3 times a week.
 4. Stand up every 30 minutes whilst at work (shown to significantly increase metabolism).
 5. Do 10 squats, 10 press ups and 10 star jumps every morning.
So from picking 1 higher level factor, here you have 5 lower level factors you can focus on to reach your goal. You see how this could go on and on!
My advice would be to pick 5-10 higher level factors and really nail them. If you want to you can go deeper, but this can make things a bit over whelming to start with, which is totally the opposite of what this aims to do. 10 higher level factors with 5 lower level factors will total 50 points for you to improve on, which is quite extreme!
The take away message should be to take what seems a complex problem and break it down into smaller chunks so you can focus in and achieve your goals. If you improve by 1% on 10 factors you will have an overall increase of 10%! Which is significant!
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GK12 is an NSF funded program that implements the knowledge of Graduate Students to enhance Public school K-12 education. Arkansas State University places 8 graduate Fellows each year in Arkansas public schools to enrich Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) in the classroom. The Graduate Fellows draw upon current research experiences to develop lesson plans that meet state and national standards.
A GK12 theme of "Land Use, Land Cover, and Biodiversity in the Mississippi Embayment" was developed based on Environmental Sciences Graduate Program faculty research addressing regional biodiversity across ecosystems and organisms.
The goals of the program are:
- to improve Fellows' skills in communicating science to a broad audience while gaining a deeper understanding of their own research
- to improve or enhance teachers' knowledge and experience
- to pique students' interest in STEM and STEM careers while exposing students to an enriched STEM environment
- to strengthen partnerships between ASU and school districts
Intellectual merit and broader impacts of the proposal are:
- for fellows to maintain links with 6-8th grade classroom
- to create student curiosity about STEM and STEM careers
- teachers being better trained
- to create linkages between higher education and school districts
- to reach under-served populations


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I got a database with a column of type geography(Point,4326), the data contained looks like 0101000020E610000092E057F66EF73140930035B56CBD4840. How can I convert it to GPS coordinates?
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2 Answers
up vote 5 down vote accepted
It looks like this column is in Well Known Binary (WKB) or Extended Well Known Binary (EWKB) Format. You should try to query it using something like:
select astext(your_column_name) from your_table_name
That will give you the textual representation. Not sure what you mean by GPS co-ordinates? Do you want to convert it into a.gpx file or just get the lat/lon. In which case the former will do that, although you might have to clean up the output in text editor or something.
The alternative would be
select ST_X(your_column_name),ST_Y(your_column_name) from your_table_name
which will give you the numeric lats and longs in two columns as your query table.
---- EDIT
These are functions on Geometry columns --- on Geography columns, the following is correct:
 select ST_AsEWKT(your_column_name) from your_table_name
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What I mean by GPS coordinates is just lat/lon. I've tried the functions you proposed but both returned an error ERROR: function astext(geography) does not exist ERROR: function st_x(geography) does not exist. Is there something I have to install to get it working? – Elwhis Sep 2 '12 at 21:28
Try ST_AsEWKT(your_column_name) – Stev_k Sep 3 '12 at 0:41
Yep, that worked, thank you very much! – Elwhis Sep 3 '12 at 1:13
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The ST_X/ST_Y functions are only defined on the geometry type, so cast there before calling them.
SELECT ST_X(geogcolumn::geometry), ST_Y(geogcolumn::geometry) FROM thetable;
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According to my tests (postgres 9.2, postgis 2.0.1), this is a bit faster than ST_AsEWKT – Laurent Debricon Sep 18 '12 at 15:15
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Although!$omp offers much performance improvement if suitably used, there are also some basic programming strategies to minimise memory access and improve performance. These become even more significant when using openmp. From the coding example msohail posted on 7th March, I would recommend changing the do loop order to sequentially access memory:
!$omp parallel do collapse(3)
Q(I,J,K)=V(I,J,K) ( update the variable )
!$OMP END PARALLEL DO
You did do this with the other nested loops, but (depending on the values of NI,NJ,NK) you might be surprised how slow your alternative loop is for accessing memory, especially if arrays Q and V are much larger that the cache size of the computer you are using.
I have not used collapse, but I wonder if NK is much larger than the number of available threads, would collapse have any benefit? There is no indication of the relative size of NI,NJ,NK to indicate if collapse is worthwile or which loop order might be most effective.


text:
Within a few short years many Europeans could have their own virtual representative. Living in a parallel world these humanoid 'avatars' could resemble the person they represent. Researchers are now looking at ways of capturing and processing sufficient personal data to create such virtual characters.
POPULATE, an i3 project, addresses the question of how Inhabited Information Spaces (IIS) can be populated with representations of real people. To this end research will concentrate on the fundamental step of how to capture a person's physical identity or'reality' in the form of data. Further work includes looking at ways to convert such data into avatars, and the quality levels required in the process.
Kiosks rather like the familiar passport photo booth will most probably be used to enhance the reality of virtual representatives. Costing between 10 and 30 ECU each, avatars could be created by scanning and digitising the form of a human subject to form a three-dimensional polygon mesh. This will be automatically converted into a humanoid avatar model. Key technologies in the project include 3-D data capture and processing.
The kiosks will be networked to i3net, enabling users to download their avatars from home. At the end of the project, two European companies expect to build AvatarKiosks for a market that could number millions of people around the world.
At the conference a computer animation simulates the capture of avatars from a booth. It will also show the processing and application of these virtual representatives within Inhabited Information Spaces.
This document is located at /esprit/src/exhib28.htm
It was last updated on 22 October 1997, and is maintained by the EITC 97 Secretariat - _EMAIL_


text:
Special Holiday Episode!" It's Mother's Day in cyberspace - and Hacker is determined to ruin it for everyone, especially Motherboard, by derailing the train that picks up the rare and colorful Madre Bonitas. This beautiful flower symbolizes Mother's Day, and it must be harvested on this one day only. It's a race against time, as the kids and Digit try to repair the breaks in the line and save Mother's Day. The Big Idea: Use a decimal point to join tenths with whole numbers and you have a decimal system you can use to easily record, compare and combine whole numbers with fractions. Math Topic: Decimals; NCTM Links: Number and Operations.
Visit the Website: _URL_
Episode #206 / Length: 28 minutes


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Really, I don't like the term 'up and down bow' very much because the motion of a bow is very fluid and when played artfully, gives a seamless, warm, glowing sound – nothing to do with 'up' or 'down' which sounds very rigid. My violin teacher (Kato Havas) says that all a bow going 'up and down' does is iron the music flat, so to get to the essence of the music the player should try and achieve a naturalness of phrasing which transcends the bow.
Nevertheless, there are instances when composers or string arrangers purposefully write a certain bow direction to attain a musical effect. For example, Stravinsky wrote several down bows (travelling in a downward motion repeatedly, lifted from the string in between notes) in a row to create an aggressive, percussive effect. An example of 'up bows' is in Paganini's 24th Caprice where he alternates left hand pizzicatos (a future blog entry!) with 'up bows' played near the tip of the bow – the effect is of a whipping, pecking sound that goes well when alternated with the pizzicato.
Symbols are added to a score to indicate when there is a particular 'up or down' direction to the bowing. In 18th and 19th century music, this was often left to the discretion of the individual player but increasingly in the 20th century composers began to specify up and down bow markings more, frequently seeking the advice of professional string players on how best to 'bow' the piece.
In a live orchestral performance, bowings are marked into the parts in advance to enable each section to play with synchronised bows travelling in the same direction together – although Leopold Stokowski's Philadelphia Orchestra were famous in using 'free bowing' which the conductor felt achieved a more glossy sound, even though it didn't look as impressively uniform.This leads onto the phrase 'staggered bowing'. This is where longer notes which would require more than one bow direction to keep sustained are bowed in such a way that members of a string section change in different places, this gives a smooth and continuous effect so that the change in bowing is inaudible.


Can Malware (Spectre, Meltdown) Spy After Reboot?
Dennis Faas's picture
In regard to last week's article on the Spectre and Meltdown CPU exploits, which affects 100% of all computers made since 1995, user'rep' had the following question to ask:
" Dear Dennis,
[Being that this is a hardware exploit], am I right in thinking that any passwords, etc, which are stored in the CPU's memory are lost when the computer is shut down? If so, could I simply shut off the computer and reload it every time I want to use Internet banking and would that keep me safe from these exploits? "
My response:
I posted my original response in the comments section of Friday's article, but I believe this is an important question which should have its own post.
The quick and short answer is that a virus / malware / exploit does not live in the computer's memory all of the time - it is stored on the hard drive and then reloaded every time the computer is turned on. So, shutting off your computer (should you be infected) will not do anything - the virus / malware / exploit will become active again once the operating system is loaded. This is true every time you turn your computer on UNTIL the virus / malware / exploit has been removed and the system is patched. That said, some exploits are incredibly stealthy and may run undetected for months or even years.
'Rep' wrote in again in the comments section, asking another question:
" I assumed the system was not infected - however, am I correct in thinking that the passwords, etc, which are stored in the CPU's memory (when I log in to my bank) are lost when the computer is powered down - as is the case with RAM memory? "
My response:
Yes and no. The CPU does not have memory, except what is used for caching. The CPU is the brain of the computer, while RAM (random access memory, also known as "primary storage") - utilizes data that is loaded off of the hard drive (secondary storage). The CPU processes data stored in RAM.
Yes it is true that RAM is volatile and is wiped clean when the system is turned off. That said, if you have "fast boot" enabled on the system, whatever you had in RAM previously gets stored onto the hard drive during a shut down. The data is then reloaded back into RAM during boot up - as if the system was never shut off in the first place. So technically speaking here, the contents of RAM are not lost.
In either case, the fact that RAM is wiped clean or is not wiped clean during a shutdown is a moot point in regards to the Meltdown and Spectre - and any other exploit for that matter - because it has nothing to do with the way exploits work.
If you are infected with a virus / malware / exploit - whether you know you're infected or not - whatever you do on the computer can be recorded and sent back to cyber criminals. So in this case it does not matter if you shut off the computer and turn it on again to reset your primary memory (RAM). So in this case, whatever you do while you're banking - entering in your password, looking at account numbers, etc, can be recorded.
The exploits in this case are hardware-based on the CPU and enabled with malware / viruses (software) which are (presumably) downloaded from the Internet; the malware is then stored on the hard drive, which gets reloaded every time your operating system / PC is turned on. So as you can see, it does not matter if the system is shut down and memory is wiped because the system will reload the exploit the next boot until it has been removed and your system is patched.
I hope that helps.
Got a Computer Question or Problem? Ask Dennis!
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rep's picture
I must say I didn't know about the fast boot thing. Now I'm just wondering how these two new hardware exploits could get installed onto a Linux system, which is supposed to be less vulnerable to viruses and malware than Windows.
Dennis Faas's picture
As the original article states, any device with a CPU created after 1995 is susceptible, including: Mac OS, Linux, Windows, Tablets, Smartphones, etc! No electronic device with a CPU is immune which also means no operating system is immune until patched.
LouisianaJoe's picture
Is there any verified use of this exploit? Sometimes possible and probable are not the same thing.
Dennis Faas's picture
The exploit has been proof of concept in test labs, though Intel claims (as of January 8, 2018 at CES) that there are "no known exploits" in the wild.
However, being able to prove that no exploits are in the wild would be next to impossible considering this type of exploit is ultra stealthy because it operates at the hardware level and would go undetected. Furthermore, antivirus and antimalware cannot detect this exploit (because it operates at the hardware level and is a design flaw of the CPU).
Patches are still being developed by Intel and AMD; Intel claims to have a patch to fix "90%" of all Intel CPUs that were made in the last five years, with the rest of the chips (dating back to 1995) by the end of the month.
Of course this does not automatically mean all CPUs (AMD, ARM, etc) will also be patched but I'm sure whatever fix becomes available will be shared with the community.
rep's picture
Perhaps nowadays the only really safe way to log into your bank account is not to use your hard disk at all and instead to temporarily boot up from a (verified) Linux live CD!


Definitions for half-life-ˌlaɪvz
This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word half-life
Princeton's WordNet
 1. half life, half-life(noun)
 1. Half-life(n.)
 the time it takes for one-half of a substance decaying in a first-order reaction to be destroyed. For radioactive substances, it is the time required for one-half of the initial amount of the radioactive isotope to decay. The half-lifeis a measure of the rate of the reaction being observed. For processes that are true first-order processes, such as radioactive decay, the half-life is independent of the quantity of material present, and it is thus a constant. The time it takes for one-half the remaining quantity of a radioactive isotope to decay will be the same regardless of how far the decay process has advanced. Some chemical reactions are also first order, and may be characterized as having a half-life. However, for chemical reactions the half-life will depend upon temperature and in some cases other environmental conditions, whereas for radioactive isotopes the rate of decay is largely independent of the environment.
 1. half-life(Noun)
 2. half-life(Noun)
 In a chemical reaction, the time required for the concentration of a reactant to fall from a chosen value to half that value.
 1. Half-life
 Half-life is the time required for a quantity to fall to half its value as measured at the beginning of the time period. In physics, it is typically used to describe a property of radioactive decay, but may be used to describe any quantity which follows an exponential decay. The original term, dating to Ernest Rutherford's discovery of the principle in 1907, was "half-life period", which was shortened to "half-life" in the early 1950s. Half-life is used to describe a quantity undergoing exponential decay, and is constant over the lifetime of the decaying quantity. It is a characteristic unit for the exponential decay equation. The term "half-life" may generically be used to refer to any period of time in which a quantity falls by half, even if the decay is not exponential. For a general introduction and description of exponential decay, see exponential decay. For a general introduction and description of non-exponential decay, see rate law. The converse of half-life is doubling time. The table on the right shows the reduction of a quantity in terms of the number of half-lives elapsed.
U.S. National Library of Medicine
 1. Half-Life
Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms
 1. half-life
 The time required for the activity of a given radioactive species to decrease to half of its initial value due to radioactive decay. The half-life is a characteristic property of each radioactive species and is independent of its amount or condition. The effective half-life of a given isotope is the time in which the quantity in the body will decrease to half as a result of both radioactive decay and biological elimination.
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