Hospital children's wards too noisy, affecting sleep – new UK study
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In paediatric wards with high levels of night noise, children slept around an hour less and had poorer quality sleep, compared with sleeping at home, according to a small study from Southampton Children's Hospital. This could affect the child's behaviour, recovery and pain tolerance, the researchers suggest.
Senior author, Dr Catherine Hill, explained the results and their significance. "We've shown in the largest group to date that the general paediatric hospital setting has an adverse impact on sleep quantity and quality, and that it is noisier in hospital than at home. We know that hearing is our most attuned sense during sleep, and this is especially relevant in hospital with the high-pitched sounds of bleeps and similar."
"Previous research has indicated children's cancer and intensive care wards are noisy at night but this is the first time we have established the same situation on general medical wards," said Dr Hill, who is also an associate professor in child health at the University of Southampton.
"Despite 150 years of medical progress we have forgotten the basic lessons of patient care"
She added that sleep was one aspect of care that could be freely delivered, and that "an hour in terms of research impact is significant with respect to cognition, behavioural regulation, pain control and recovery. Theoretically, a child's recovery could be affected too; and [in addition] they are accompanied by tired, emotionally dysregulated parents."
"When children lose sleep in hospital they have a lower pain threshold, are more emotional and may have lowered immune defences so this is an issue we need to address," she noted.
Sleep loss may also compound the stress and anxiety parents feel at having a child in hospital, the study paper added.
The study
Published in the July 17th edition of Archives of Disease in Childhood, the study, Sleep quality and noise: comparisons between hospital and home settings, found that on average, the children slept for 63 fewer minutes a night, averaging a total of just under 7.5 hours, while in hospital than they did at home, and their mothers got just under 73 fewer minutes, averaging 6 hours 20 minutes.
The average median sound level recorded in hospital was 48 dB (decibels), with a difference of around 8 dB between open bays and single occupancy cubicles. Of note, children were exposed to significantly higher noise levels than World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations that state night noise in hospital should not exceed 30 dB, with peaks not exceeding 45 dB.
In this study, Hill and colleagues aimed to measure sleep quality objectively in both children and their co-sleeping parents admitted to medical wards at Southampton Children's Hospital and to compare this with their sleep at home. A secondary aim was to measure sound levels at the bedside in both environments. Sound levels were reported as weighted decibels (dBA) that represent sound levels as perceived by the human ear.
Children aged between 3-16 years, and their parents who stayed overnight, had their sleep measured objectively using wristwatch 'actigraphy', which is effectively a 'Fitbit' for sleep, explained Hill, for up to 5 consecutive nights in hospital and 5 nights at home. Sound levels were monitored overnight using a sound level meter at the patient's bedside for up to 2 nights in hospital and 2 nights at home. Sleep quantity and quality were assessed for 40 children and 16 co-sleeping mothers, and eight children had sound level monitoring. Sleep quantity at the two locations was compared for each child and parent.
Medical education with respect to sleep importance
Hill explained that they did not measure the inter-relationship between sleep quality and noise levels, but that it was reasonable to infer that noise will have affected sleep. "The sleeping brain is highly attuned to sound, an important evolutionary defence to potential threat," she said.
She noted that the research brought the importance of sleep to the attention of paediatricians and doctors generally. "Sleep is a 'black hole' in medical education, and doctors' understanding of the function and importance of sleep is very limited. But we need to remember that sleep sub-serves nearly all physiological functions, in particular, cognitive performance, endocrine health, and growth, but somehow this has not translated to medical knowledge."
"Wards are designed by default to disrupt sleep with routines, shift times, ward rounds, and meal times running like clockwork," said the sleep specialist, explaining why sleep was often disrupted in hospital. "But how do we cater for the baby on a 24-hour cycle, the toddler who needs to sleep at 6pm, the teenager on their iPad until 10pm - how do we work around all that? A ward tends to be designed around adult sleep needs. Children's wards are very bright with pictures of clowns, therapy dogs, everything that appeals to children's minds, but we've lost sight of the fact that children also need to sleep."
Previous qualitative research by Hill found that sources of noise that disrupt sleep in hospital included timing of drugs administration, for example, at midnight whilst children would usually receive medication before bed at home; noise from mobile phones, staff chatting, as well as bleeps and crash calls. "Some noises are a necessary part of hospital functioning but there's a huge amount of avoidable noise, so this is about educating staff."
Sleep for health in hospital (Shh)
Given the results, Hill has put in place a multi-modal quality improvement project, called Shh (Sleep for Health in Hospital). After being implemented for a year in Southampton, it is about to be rolled out across other hospitals in England. "It is based on staff education, with sound level monitors installed on the wards that provide feedback. We give parents information on expectations and impose sensible and considerate curfews around behaviour using the 'eight is late' tagline, asking people to turn off televisions or wear headphones, and change behaviour to support greater quiet," says Hill.
"Despite 150 years of medical progress we have forgotten the basic lessons of patient care," concluded the paper.


Haier--SenseTime
Customer Cases
Established in 1984, Haier Group Corporation is a multinational home appliances and consumer electronics company headquartered in Qingdao, China. It designs, develops, manufactures and sells products including refrigerators, air conditioners, washing machines, microwave ovens, mobile phones, computers, and televisions.
 - Visitors to the Haier Branding Building and Haier Board of Directors Building in Qingdao are increasing, creating a congested arrival lobby as they register for entry. Haier's employees were also troubled as they frequently got delayed by the crowds at the entrances and exits, but Haier could not compromise office security by removing the use of staff cards, so a new solution was needed. In June 2019, the two Haier buildings in Qingdao participated in SenseTime's pilot program to adopt SenseKeeper in the office lobbies and solve the congestion problem through AI. As an industry leader, Haier has consistently sought new ways to intelligently upgrade its headquarters. Adopting SenseTime's facial verification technology is a critical first step to elevate its staff management system. The technology can further be applied in various scenarios to enhance access management for both staff and visitors.
Haier chose SenseKeeper because it is known for its exceptional facial recognition accuracy and rapid recognition speed. The system is able to identify 50,000 persons daily at a speed of 0.3 seconds per person, with an accuracy of over 99%. SenseKeeper is also known to be simple to install and practical to use. The system also features the capacity to store extensive information of up to 50,000 profiles at its front-end, allowing SenseKeeper to operate even when the network is unavailable. As a standardized product, SenseKeeper is compatible with various systems and occasions. SenseKeeper's algorithm is even flexible enough to handle the varying lighting condition inside a glass building, like the Haier Branding Building. Its gate sensor camera is sensitive under all kinds of lighting conditions, such as when the sunlight shines directly into the lens making the faces dark and unrecognizable. The robustness of SenseKeeper fully suffices Haier's needs in office access management. After the first joint endeavor of upgrading the office turnstiles with SenseKeeper, Haier is now exploring further applications of SenseTime's computer vision technologies in the future.


the power of the city. We took material artefacts as witnesses that are able to describe the history of natural, political and social processes of the settlement. The artefacts we found were extraordinary and very expressive. Through the map and catalogue of the artefacts we present Nikel as a 'material system', as a multiscalar expression of new materials that appeared and evolved while embedded in the town's fabric. We organised the artefacts into four sections. KL As said, the material entity of Nikel has been shaped by successive ideological paradigms of the Soviet and the Post-Soviet political context. In the first group (Historical Clash) we presented artefacts and materials related to the history of social and political rhythms which structured the physical territories of the town. The second group (Energy Infrastructure) is related to the organisational concept of the ecosystem which is a function representing a 'flow of energy and materials'. Here, we perceive Nikel as an infrastructural element for the resource-development industry, a lifesupport mechanism of a large industrial machine. In the third group of materials (Self-Organising Boundaries) we draw the boundaries of 'competing patterns of existing ecosystems'. This part of the research reveals the fragmented character of the city and traces boundaries and borders that evolved naturally in the town as a response to the overlay and resistance of different elements of Nikel's artificial ecology. In the last group (The Slag), we consider a physical representation of a new material that has appeared in Nikel, copper-nickel dust. For this section we created a wind simulation map, which helped us to understand how the environmental forces spread slag and pollution through the city. It shows how the urban tissue reacts to it. MB Did you present your insights about Nikel to locals? KL Yes, we had a presentation in Nikel for the local people. For us, the process of the environmental degradation indicates an evolutionary process of the city's artificial system, revealing its qualities. For inhabitants, it's mostly a personal tragedy. We were worried that we would be misunderstood, but surprisingly, we had quite a positive response. TG A teacher from the art school pointed out one more important energy resource in Nikel, another important resource of Nikel materiality: the people. And that is true: they really are the driving force of the city.
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RailsConf 2014 on Machine Learning
April 24, 2014
This year at RailsConf 2014, there are workshop tracks which are focused sessions double or triple the length of the normal talk. Today I attended Machine Learning for Fun and Profit by John Paul Ashenfelter. Some analytics tools are good at providing averages on data (e.g. Google Analytics), but averages don't tell you a specific story or context of your users, which can be valuable and actionable. In his story-telling approach, John covered several stories for generating data via machine learning techniques in Ruby.
Make a Plan
First, one must formulate a plan or a goal for which to collect actionable data. More likely than not, the goal is to make money, and the hope is that machine learning can help you find actionable data to make more money! John walked through several use cases and examples code with machine learning and I'll add a bit of ecommerce context to each story below.
Act 1: Describe your Users
First, John talked about a few tools used for describing your users. In the context of his story, he wanted to figure out what gender ratio of shirts to order for the company. He used the sexmachine gem, which is based on census data, to predict the sex of a person based on a first name. The first name from all your users would be passed into this gem to segregate via gender, and from there you may be able to take action (e.g. order shirts with an estimated gender ratio).
Next, John covered geolocation. John wanted to how to scale support hours to customers using the product, likely a very common reason for geolocation for any SaaS or customer-centric tools. His solution uses a free IP address lookup service, Python, and Go, and free Maxmind data. The example code is available here.
With these tools, gender assignment & geolocation reveals basic but valuable information about your users. In the ecommerce space, determining gender ratios and geolocation may help determine the target of marketing and/or product development efforts, for example targeting a specific marketing message to a female east coast demographic.
Act 2: Clustering
In the next step, John talked about using machine learning to cluster users. The context John provided was to cluster users into three groups: casual users, super users and professional users, to potentially learn more about the super users and how to get more users in that group. An ecommerce story might be to cluster users in amount spent buckets which have rewards at higher levels, to incentivize users to spend more money to climb the hierarchy for more rewards. Here John used ai4r gem, which uses k-means clustering to group users. In as few words as possible, k-means clustering randomly creates X clusters (step 1), computes the center of each cluster (step 2), moves nodes if they are closer to a different cluster center (step 3), and repeats steps 2 & 3 until no nodes have been moved. The actual code is quite simple with the gem. Alternative clustering tools are hierarchical clusterers or divisive hierarchical clustering, which will yield slightly different results. John also mentioned that there are much better numerical tools like Python, R, Octave/Matlab, and Mathematica.
Act 3: Similarity
The third and final topic John covered was determining similarity between users, or perhaps finding other users similar to user X. The context of this was to understand how people collaborate and spread knowledge. In the ecommerce space, the obvious use-case here is building a product recommendation engine, e.g. recommending products to a user based on what they have bought, are looking at, or what is in their cart. John didn't dive into the specific linear algebra math here (linear algebra is hard!), but he provided example code using the linalg gem that does much of the hard work for you.
The conclusion of this workshop was again to share Ruby tools that can help solve problems about your user and business. It's very important to have a plan and/or goal to strive for and to determine actionable data analysis and metrics to help reach those goals.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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CE Approved Energy-saving ac inverter
1.CE Approved Energy-saving ac inverter.
View our selection of high quality Frequency Inverters that cover a wide range of functions with ultimate efficiency. Frequency Inverters from 220V and 380V three phase from 1.5kw to 630kw are supplied. Our product has exported to 45 countries
2.Basic Parameters of CE Approved Energy-saving ac inverter.
3.Main features and application of the CE Approved Energy-saving ac inverter.
4.Main parameters of CE Approved Energy-saving ac inverter.
5.Details of CE Approved Energy-saving ac inverter.
6.Corner of Factory
Q1. The basics of variable frequency drive installation?
A1: Starting and stopping a motor can be done with three common methods: a motor starter, soft start or variable frequency drive (VFD). As of late, the use of a VFD is becoming more popular than ever due to its claimed efficiency benefits, but be sure it is needed. And, once specified, it must be properly installed to ensure reliable operation.
The VFD, often called an ac drive or inverter, takes a singleor three-phase signal and varies the speed of a three-phase ac induction motor. This is its main benefit. Running a motor more slowly can save significant energy, and speed changes may be useful to the application. Another big benefit is adjustable acceleration and deceleration. Less acceleration can soften the mechanical forces at motor start and reduce inrush current. The VFD also has built-in overload protection and motor start/stop control functions.
Electrically, proper run/stop control of the VFD is important. Many manufacturers do not recommend using contactors or disconnect switches on the line or load side of a VFD for run/stop control of the ac drive and motor, except for emergency situations. Opening a contactor at the line or load side of a VFD while the motor is running can cause failures in the inverter section of the drive or reduce its life. Even if it doesn't cause failure, it can take several seconds for a VFD to power on once power is applied.
9. CE Approved Energy-saving ac inverter Wirings diagram


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Summary: The guitar is a very versatile instrument that is popular in many different kinds of music. It comes in several varieties that have important similarities, although they can sound very different.
The group of instruments called guitars includes some of the world's most popular instruments. The guitar is classified as a chordophone in the plucked lute family. The fairly large, waisted (hourglass-shape) body that is most typical of the acoustic guitar gives it a fuller, more resonant sound than most other plucked strings. The electric guitar may have a different body shape and a more electronic timbre that features an ability to be altered in interesting ways, but the technique for playing the instruments is essentially the same, and players can switch back and forth between various types of guitars with little difficulty. There are many varieties of guitar found around the world; the guitars described below are only the ones most familiar in modern Western music.
Instrument Basics
Most modern guitars have six strings. Modern instruments that have fewer strings are usually called by a different name, although they may still clearly be in the guitar family (ukulele, for example). The exception to this is the electric bass guitar, which, although it is called a guitar, has only four strings and functions more as a bass than as a guitar. Some guitars have a seventh string - an extra bass (low) string - but this is quite rare. There are twelve string guitars, but the strings of these are arranged so that the playing technique is the same as that for a six-stringed instrument.
Figure 1: This is the standard tuning for guitar strings, as written for the guitarist. Music for guitar actually sounds one octave lower than written.
Standar Guitar Tuning
Standar Guitar Tuning (GuitarStrings.png)
The strings of most guitars are normally tuned to E, A, d, g, b, and e'. However, parts for the instrument are written an octave higher, so that the lowest written note is the e below the treble staff, not E. (See Octaves and Diatonic Music for an explanation of octave identification. See Transposing Instruments for more about instruments whose parts are not written where they sound.) Alternative tunings are occasionally used, particularly "D tuning", which involves tuning the lowest string to D rather than E. Hawaiian slack key guitar playing also features tuning some strings lower (or more "slack"), usually so that the open strings will play a major chord. Alternative tunings are usually used to provide easier fingerings in some keys and take advantage of the more resonant sound of the open string.
The four strings of the bass guitar are tuned one octave below the lowest four strings of a regular guitar.
The guitar is played by being plucked or strummed with the right hand, either directly with the fingers, or using a plectrum, usually called a pick. This can be either a flat pick, held between the thumb and fingers, or plectrums that are curled so that they can be worn individually on the thumb and each finger.
The left hand fingers the notes and chords by holding the strings down against the neck. The neck is fretted; the frets are thin raised bars embedded in the neck. When a string is held down, the string stops vibrating at the fret, not at the finger as it does for a non-fretted stringed instrument like the violin. Notes on the same string one fret apart are one half step apart. (For more about how holding a string down affects the pitch, see Standing Waves and Musical Instruments and Harmonic Series.) On a steel guitar, the pitches are changed by sliding a steel bar up and down the strings, rather than holding them down with the fingers. Steel guitars often do not have raised frets, which would interfere with the portamento (gliding pitch change) that is the characteristic sound of steel guitars.
A guitar may be acoustic, electric, or some combination of acoustic and electric. In an acoustic guitar, the vibrations of the string are picked up and amplified in the instrument's body. In an electric guitar, the string vibrations are picked up and amplified by electronic components. An electric-acoustic is a hybrid instrument that has a hollow, resonating body, but also an electronic pickup, which amplifies the sound from both the strings and the body.
If you would like some idea of the variation in sounds that different guitars get, here are audio examples of a (nylon-string acoustic) classical guitar, a (steel-string acoustic) twelve-striong guitar, a (steel-string) electric-acoustic (minimal distortion), and an electric bass guitar, all playing the same short riff.
Acoustic Instruments
Figure 2
Classical Guitar
Classical Guitar (hGuitar20.jpg)
Twelve-String Guitar
Twelve-String Guitar (twelvestring20.jpg)
There are several different types of acoustic guitar. The modern classical guitar or Spanish guitar uses nylon strings (the lower three strings are wrapped in metal wire) and has a fairly wide neck. It has a large, waisted (hourglass-shape) body with a flat back. This is the modern instrument used to play "classical" guitar music from any era, as well as Flamenco and many other folk styles.
The steel-string acoustic guitar has the same basic shape as the classical guitar. The metal strings give it a brighter, less mellow timbre than the classical guitar. It may have a narrow or wide neck, and the back of the body may be flat or rounded. This instrument is used for some types of popular music, for example American "country", and also for some types of folk music, including some blues.
Some acoustic steel-string guitars are twelve string guitars. Twelve string guitars have six courses, or groups of strings (two strings in each course, in this case) that are strung very close together and played (held down and plucked or strummed) together, as if they are one string. The highest (pitched) two courses are simply two e' and two b strings. The other courses consist of one string tuned as it is in a regular guitar plus one string tuned an octave higher. The total effect is a bright, full sound that is particularly useful for acoustic accompaniments.
The steel-string guitar should not be confused with the steel guitar, which is often more box-shaped than hourglass-shaped. Also called Hawaiian guitar (it was developed in Hawaii), the steel guitar is rested flat on the lap or on a stand, and may include floor pedals and knee levers for changing the string tunings while the instrument is being played. Resonator guitars, which do have the typical guitar shape, have a metal resonator rather than a sound hole in the body, and are typically played with a sliding steel bar, like the steel guitar. Besides being common in Hawaiian music, the steel guitar is also found in some blues and American "country" music. Many modern steel guitars are electric instruments.
Electric Guitars
Figure 3
Electric Bass Guitar
Electric Bass Guitar (bass20.jpg)
In the true electric guitar, the body is not hollow and does not act as a resonator. The vibrations of the strings are picked up and amplified electronically. This is the guitar most commonly found in all kinds of rock and pop bands, and it is also common in jazz.
There are also various hybrid electric-acoustic guitars. Some are essentially steel-string acoustic guitars that have a built-in electronic pick-up. Others are "hollow-body electric" guitars that have the neck and strings of an electric guitar, but with a body that, while not as deep as an acoustic guitar, is hollow and does provide some acoustic resonance. In hybrid instruments, the sound from both the strings and the body is amplified electronically, giving an amplified sound that still has some acoustic timbre. Hybrid instruments can be found playing folk, country, blues, jazz, pop, and rock music.
The electric bass guitar has only four strings, which are tuned an octave below the four lowest strings on a six-string guitar. The bass guitar is a standard part of rock and pop bands, and is also often used instead of the more traditional double bass in jazz and many other genres. Unlike other guitars, which play chordal accompaniments or melodies, the bass guitar generally plays the bass line. For this reason, switching to bass guitar, or doubling as a bass guitarist may be easier for a double bass player than for a guitar player.
Chordal Accompaniments on the Guitar
The guitar is often used as a melody instrument. The lead guitar in a rock band, for


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The language has changed but the modus operandi remains the same. Spammed messages, this time in Spanish, again use TinyURLs to mask the exact destination of the links they contain. Here's a sample email message:
Figure 1. Sample spammed message.
The message above claims to be from Bancaja, a popular Spanish bank. It tells its recipients that their accounts are temporarily suspended because of possible malicious activities. Users are then told to reactivate their accounts within 24 hours by following the link provided in the message. The exact URL is concealed using TinyURL.
We previously blogged about similar phishing operations that used this exact technique to trick users into thinking links are legitimate:
As TinyURLs become more and more popular, phishers are also exploiting the URL shortening service this said tool provides. They do this make phishing URLs less suspicious and less obvious than using the exact URL, which could be long and totally unrelated to the site a spammed message purports to be from.
The Trend Micro Smart Protection Network already blocks these spammed messages. Ignoring spammed messages keeps systems safe from spam-borne threats. There are also online tools that users could use to verify TinyURLs, like the URL expander offered by _URL_ Substituting preview.tinyurl.com for tinyurl.com also allows users to get a preview of the final link.
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WE CAN – Give your children a good start in life.
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Learn positive parenting tips for every age and stage. Parenting is a process that prepares your child for independence. You can do many things to help your child as he or she grows. Learn more about your child's development, positive parenting, safety, and health at each stage of your child's life.
How To Use
- Right-click on the image above and select "save" to download the image.
- Copy and use the social media caption and text above.
- Share the image, caption, and link on your social media channels.


DF2014:Date palm
From Dwarf Fortress Wiki
(Redirected from DF2014:Date)
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Date palm
Urist likes date palms for their fruit.
Wet Dry
Deciduous No
Density 820
Max trunk height 8
Max trunk diameter 1
Trunk branching 0
Heavy branch radius 1
Branch radius 2
Root radius 3
Heavy branch density 0
Branch density 0
Root density 5
Wood Date palm wood
Fruit Date
Flower Date palm flower stalk
Alcohol Date wine
Flower Properties
Edible Yes
Cookable Yes
Fruit Properties
Edible Yes
Cookable Yes
Seed Properties
Edible No
Wikipedia article
This article is about the current version of DF.
Date palms are one of the many genera of trees found above ground. Like the vast majority of above ground trees, date palm wood is brown and produces brown products.
Date palms bear dates that can be harvested by setting up a gathering zone. They can be eaten raw, cooked, or brewed into date wine. The flower stalks can also be harvested in the spring, but can only be eaten or cooked. Due to their narrow profile and the height that they grow to, date palms may not be worth harvesting unless nothing else is available.
Some dwarves like date palms for their fruit.
Admired for its fruit.
"Date palm" in other Languages Books-aj.svg aj ashton 01.svg
Dwarven: dëm kulin
Elvish: iÿi mimi
Goblin: xenak luböm
Human: begu esme


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Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation: Opus II: Cardiovascular System: Arteries: Abdomen: Variations in Branches of Celiac Trunk:
Ronald A. Bergman, PhD
Adel K. Afifi, MD, MS
Ryosuke Miyauchi, MD
Peer Review Status: Internally Peer Reviewed
Inferior renal polar arteries have been implicated as an etiologic factor in a form of hydronephrosis correctable by surgery. Aberrant renal arteries are common in fused kidneys (horseshoedumbbell- or disc-shaped): two to six such arteries are characteristically longer or shorter than usual. The unusual vessels may originate from the aorta, gonadal, common iliac, middle sacral, external or internal iliac, or superior or inferior mesenteric arteries. An inferior renal polar artery may give rise to a gonadal artery. There are reports in the literature of seven, eight, and ten arteries supplying horseshoe-shaped kidneys, but such findings, are very rare. In one study, the vascularization pattern of a dumbbell-shaped kidney had seven arteries: four from the aorta, one from each common iliac artery, and one from the left testicular artery. Studies indicate that 84% of fused kidneys occur in males.
Eisendrath (1920) provided the following practical conclusions
from published statistics.
"It is important for the surgeon to remember that the examination of 1237 kidneys by various investigators reveals the fact that upper polars from the renals occurred in 68, or 16%, of 518 kidneys. Upper polars from the aorta were found in 68, or 0.5%, and lower polars from the aorta in 71, or nearly 0.6%, of 1237 kidneys. Lower polars from the iliacs were found in only 6, or 0.04%, of the 1237 kidneys."
According to Eisendrath's series of dissections, one can expect to find upper polar arteries arising from the main renals in about one kidney out of five. Upper polars arising from the aorta were found in one out of about 17 kidneys and lower polars (from the aorta and iliacs) in one kidney out of about 7 kidneys.
Adding together the observations of all previous investigators and our own (Eisendrath's) we find that (a) upper polars arising from the main renals occur in about one out of about 200 kidneys; (b) upper polars arising from the aorta in about one out of about 190 kidneys; and (c) lower polars from the main renal, the aorta, or common iliacs in one out of about 185 kidneys. Although accessory polar vessels did not occur as frequently as stated by Quain, i.e., 20%, they are found often enough to be constantly borne in mind during operation."
The Retropelvic Vessels
"The tradition still exists that one needs only to guard against injury of a retropelvic artery which pursues a more or less typical course in the sinuses formed at the point where the kidney tissue slightly overlaps the renal pelvis. That there may be (a) variations from this arch-like distribution of the artery and (b) that one or more large vein, even the main renal, may cross our field of operation are two anatomical facts which deserve more widespread knowledge in order to avoid injury to these anomalous vessels during pyelotomy.
In Albarran's book, published in 1910, reference is made to retropelvic artery and vein to the effect that the main renal artery may divide into preand retropelvic trunks of equal size, and that the retropelvic artery on its way to the sinus gives off branches similar to those arising from the prepelvic artery. His only statement in regard to the retropelvic vein is that it is not constant - was found in 5 of 29 cases by Hauch - and finally that it may prove a source of trouble during pyelotomy.
In view of the results of Eisendrath's study, he believes one must abandon the view that the posterior aspect of the renal pelvis is the avascular field we have generally believed it to be. The distribution of the prepelvic vessels seldom, if ever, enters into consideration in the operation of pyelotomy, because the route of election is through the less vascular field. In a total of 218 kidneys, the following observations of variations of the retropelvic vessels of surgical importance were made:
A. Retropelvic Artery Alone.
1. Division of the single main renal artery into equal-sized branches was found very frequently.
2. When there were two main renal arteries, one of these frequently became retropelvic, i.e., the latter arose directly from the aorta instead of the main renal artery. This was found in 5 out of 124 kidneys.
3. The main renal or one of two renal arteries was found to be retropelvic in 2 out of 124 kidneys.
4. The retropelvic artery had its origin from an accessory lower polar artery in 2 out of 124 kidneys.
5. A retropelvic artery directly from the aorta was found in 2 out of 124 kidneys.
6. The main retropelvic artery does not cling in an arch-like manner to the renal sinus. This generally accepted course of the vessel may be described as the high type to distinguish it from various combinations which were found in both the Illinois and Harvard dissections. These extra vessels which may give rise to troublesome bleeding during pyelotomy are (a) a high middle and low or fan-like distribution found twice in 124 kidneys; (b) a high and middle type of branching found twice in 124 kidneys; (c) a high and low type found twice in 124 kidneys; (d) a single artery crossing the middle of the pelvis, found four times in 124 kidneys; and finally (e) a middle and low type found seven times in 124 kidneys.
B. Retropelvic Veins.
1. One large vein arising from the vena cava was found five times in 218 kidneys, passing directly across the back of the renal pelvis.
2. The main renal vein divided into equal-sized preand retropelvic branches in 3 of 218 kidneys. The retropelvic branch passes directly across the pelvis and, as in the case of the preceding variation, could be easily injured during pyelotomy.
3. The most important variation, so far as the veins were concerned, was that the main renal vein, instead of being prepelvic, was retropelvic in 9 out of 218 kidneys.
C. Retropelvic Vein and Artery.
1. One large vein directly from the vena cava and one artery directly from the aorta crossed the back of the pelvis in one of 94 kidneys.
2. Two large veins directly from the vena cava and one artery from the aorta crossed the back of the pelvis in one of 94 kidneys.
Types of Pelvis.
Observations made as to the relative frequency of the various types of renal pelvis revealed the following;
Authors note: Eisendrath's references to a book by Albarran (1910) and to the work of Hauch were not found in his bibliography.
Image 42, Image 126A, Image 126B, Image 126C, Image 126D, Image 213, Image 218, Image 220, Image 407
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text:
a year of passing the qualifying examination.
The examination consists of a written dissertation proposal and its open-to-the-public presentation by the student. The examination is conducted by the dissertation committee. As a rule, the dissertation committee continues overseeing the student's work to the stage of the final dissertation defense.
After passing the dissertation proposal examination, the student may proceed with the dissertation research and the writing of the dissertation. The dissertation should document the original contributions made by the candidate as a result of independent research. This research work should be of archival quality. In advance of graduation, all members of the student's dissertation committee must approve the dissertation. To obtain this approval a student must submit a written copy of the dissertation to the dissertation committee and defend the research work at a final oral examination open to other faculty, students, and the interested public. Students must be registered for ECE 990 the full spring/summer term if defending the dissertation after May during the spring/summer term.
The dissertation must strictly follow the Rackham Graduate School Dissertation guidelines as described in the Dissertation Handbook Guidelines for copyrighting, publishing and distributing, dissertation embargo and distribution limitations.
Students are expected to complete the degree within two years of passing the dissertation proposal exam, but no more than seven years from the date of the first enrollment in the Ph.D. EECE program. The Ph.D. EECE committee conducts annual reviews to evaluate progress toward degree completion. Students defending the dissertation must be registered in the 990 Dissertation Research course.
Dissertation Research Requirement
- At least 24 credit hours of doctoral research credit must be completed before graduation.
- Students who have completed the coursework requirements but have not reached the candidacy status should register for ECE 980 (Pre-Candidacy Dissertation Research). A maximum of 12 credits may be completed in ECE 980 Pre-Candidacy course.
- Students who have achieved candidacy should register for 6 credits in ECE 990 (Doctoral Dissertation Research).
Note that the actual completion of the dissertation project is likely to take several years at full-time enrollment thus, requiring more than the minimum number of credit hours.
- At least 24 credit hours of doctoral research credit must be completed before graduation.
Final Oral Defense
Upon completion of the dissertation work, the student initiates the last step toward the degree—the dissertation defense process. The process follows the official guidelines and consists of the following main stages:
- Preparation of a written dissertation formatted in accordance with the guidelines,
- Pre-Defense meetings with the members of the program committee,
- Written evaluations of the dissertation by the dissertation committee members presented to the Ph.D. program committee,
- The Oral Defense of the dissertation consisting of two parts:
- Public seminar and open question session held by the student
- Private deliberations by the committee,
- Final oral examination report and certificate of approval prepared by the dissertation committee and submitted to the Ph.D. program committee.
- Post-Defense meeting with the CECS Graduate Education Office


text:
Budget Control(redirected from budgetary control)
Also found in: Dictionary, Financial.
the assignment of capital from state incomes or the incomes of higher-ranking budgets to lower-ranking budgets to balance their incomes and expenditures. In the socialist countries the tasks of budget control include ensuring deficit-free balancing of the incomes and expenditures of lower-ranking budgets at the level necessary for fulfillment of the targets of the national economic plan; allocating to each budget those sources that will permit timely and continuous financing of measures outlined by the plan for development of the national economy and social-cultural service to the population; and giving republic and local agencies a material interest in fulfilling the plans for local and ail-Union state incomes and, by the same token, in fulfilling the national economic plan as a whole.
In the first stages of socialist building in the USSR, the primary forms of budget control were subsidies; then from 1924 to 1931 there were subventions (special-purpose state grants to local budgets which required participation by their capital) and then deductions from state incomes and taxes and supplements to them. With the consolidation of national-economic and budget planning, the basic method of budget control became deductions from state incomes and taxes, turned over to lower-ranking budgets in differentiated percentages of the sum of income or tax receipts from the territory of the given soviet, a method which encourages each local soviet and republic to fulfill the plan of all-Union state incomes and taxes. The deduction percentages are differentiated depending on the need for capital to cover expenditures planned in the budget considering the volume of local (assigned) incomes which the given budget is supposed to receive during the forthcoming year. A distinction is drawn between control of the budgets of the Union republics, intrarepublic (Union and autonomous republic) budget control, intraoblast (krai) budget control, and intraraion and intracity (for cities having division by raions) budget control.
The primary sources of capital for budget control in the USSR are the turnover tax, the personal income tax, and certain others. In exceptional cases, specifically when the budget of the republic or local soviet cannot be balanced even if the entire sum (100 percent) of income received on its territory is turned over to it, a subsidy from the state budget is used. Similar forms of budget control are employed in a majority of the socialist countries.
In the capitalist countries, budget control is conditioned, first of all, by the increasing concentration of sources of income (especially taxes) in the hands of the central power. The increasing dependence of local agencies of power on central ones reflects the growing severity of the contradictions between the center and the local areas. The forms of budget control are subsidies, subventions, deductions, and supplements to state taxes.
A. M. ALEKSANDROV


text:
On-Demand | Sexual & Reproductive Health Drug Therapy 2020: Patient Care Conundrums
Patient Care Conundrums
Finding the Balance Between the Right Medication and Cost
This module uses case studies to illustrate how a primary care provider can incorporate Medication Assisted Treatment (MAT) into everyday practice.
Objectives for Learning Outcomes
At the conclusion of this activity, participants will be better able to:
- Understand guideline recommendations for the treatment of asthma, COPD, diabetes, and anticoagulation.
- List patient specific factors that drive prescription selection for asthma, COPD, diabetes, and anticoagulation.
- Understand strategies to reduce cost for the health system and patients.
Briana Wityczak, PharmD
Emergency Medicine Clinical Pharmacist, Emergency Department, University of Washington Medical Center – Montlake
Shaelah Easterday, PharmD
Pharmacy Manager, Credena Health Pharmacy Monroe, Providence Health & Services, Monroe
- 1.10 Contact hours
- 1.10 Pharmacology hours at the advanced practice level


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Gwyneth Moss's Imagineering Technique for Endometriosis
Hi Everyone,
Read how Gwyneth Moss from the UK uses her client's imagination to apply EFT to a physical condition that has no immediate symptom. Serious EFT students should find this very useful. Gwyneth says, "I take her exact words and put them into EFT. There is no discussion or interpretation of the imagery - that would be like interrogating the go-between. As the practitioner I do not introduce anything, I just keep the process going, letting her manage the content and we simply let the tapping do the work." Please consult physicians on all medical issues.
Hugs, Gary
By Gwyneth Moss
Imagineering is an application of EFT that I initially developed specifically to use when a physical condition has no pain and is not visible. When you can feel pain or see something you have somewhere to start tapping. So what do you do when the symptom has no pain, or doesn't hurt right now, or the pain is suppressed by drugs? Where do you start?
Well we can tap for the memory of the pain, for live events or changes that were happening when the symptom was first noticed or for our feelings about the symptom and that may open doors to healing. Imagineering is just another way to find those doors and get to a point where you can apply standard EFT.
We can think of the imagination as being an interpreter between body-speak and the verbal language of the mind. I was once hiking with my friend Nancy and as we were going up a steep hill with heavy backpacks Nancy's knee was hurting. Rather glibly I said "I wonder what your knee is trying to tell you?", sweating under her load Nancy snapped back "I don't speak knee!"
That was an AhHaa moment for me. Our thinking minds speak a different language from our bodies and can't comprehend the body messages let alone take the action that the body needs. So the body shouts louder to get attention. And the mind blocks it out. I realised then that we could use imagination as a go between and combine that with tapping.
Here is an account by myself (Gwyneth Moss) and Marga of an EFT Imagineering session. Presenting in Holland I asked for someone to come up for a demonstration. Ideally someone with a physical symptom which does not have pain and for the purpose of the demonstration someone with a good visual imagination. (We can use EFT Imagineering for those whose imagination works in other modalities and that is addressed in the five other imagineering articles already on the EFT website.)
Coming up to the stage, Marga initially experienced some nervousness and palpitations, and her level of intensity was at 3-4 on a scale of 0 to 10 so we did a few rounds of standard EFT until she felt comfortable in front of the audience. Marga explained that she has endometriosis but that she has been taking the contraceptive pill to suppress the pain. Endometriosis is a very painful condition in which the lining of the uterus attaches to surrounding tissues. As she sat there she had no sense of the condition at all. A classic case for Imagineering. First we do a test run of the imagination taking an imaginary light into a part of the body where the symptom is not present. Here is Marga's test run:
Marga: "I put the light on my finger; my bike LED light. Put in my head through my ear; I go through a kind of yellow tunnel, which is also a slide. I enter the inner part of my head which looks like a factory with many floors. There are a lot of workmen with helmets working on different machines and dashboards. There are noises of machines, not too loud and not too soft. It feels like a neutral place; everybody is doing its job, like they should do"
We do the test run so that both of us can know how her imagination works and then I ask her to take the light and her imagination to where the symptom is.
Marga: "I put it on my lower abdomen. When I enter I see a red-pinkish mass in the middle, it looks like a human heart. Around it is a black fluffy, slimy mass. I am walking in that. It is all around me; floors /walls/ ceiling and it is changing shapes all the time. I feel my feet being stuck in it. It makes a sucking noise when I try to get my foot out and make a step. It is uncomfortable to be there and it is hot." So now we do a round of tapping using standard EFT for the imagery she experienced:
Even though there is a heart surrounded by a black slimy mass and its really uncomfortable and hot...
I take her exact words and put them into EFT. There is no discussion or interpretation of the imagery - that would be like interrogating the go-between. As the practitioner I do not introduce anything, I just keep the process going, letting her manage the content and we simply let the tapping do the work. After we tap, I ask her to take the light and her imagination inside again.
Marga: "When I enter again there is more space, it is less hot and uncomfortable. The heart in the middle is still there and the black slimy things have turned into red. The whole space is changing in a kind of corridor and at the end of that tunnel I see an attractive white light." Again we take her exact words and do a round of tapping.
Even though the slimy things are red and its not so hot and its like a corridor with a light...
Then she goes back in: Marga: "The red has now turned into more yellow-orange, it is not as scary and not as hot anymore." Another round of tapping using those words.
Marga: "I now enter through the tunnel of slimy things, which I leave behind me, in a very comfortable place. It is a kind of cocoon where there is bright white light, a cool breeze and it seems the walls are made of white feathers, softly and slowly moving in the breeze. I don't know what is going to happen and that is OK."
Now another round of tapping using those words.
"When I look up I see a night sky with many stars. I can feel there is a whole new world outside there and I want to go there. I am curious to know how it is. But I cannot get out of my cocoon. I feel I need help from someone or something. Like a ladder or a lift." Another round of tapping:
Even though I can't get out of this comfortable cocoon and I need help...
"Then suddenly a force from outside sucks me out of the cocoon and I am in a hurricane being swirled around with great force. It is uncomfortable, I feel out of control, it is scary. I wonder what to do; shall I try and do something or shall I try something new and just give myself over to the force and see what happens. It is scary to be out of control, but also exciting to be in a hurricane!"
Several rounds of tapping because at this point Marga becomes quite distressed. She feels out of control and doesn't know what to do. So we go round and round the tapping points with:
Even though it's like a hurricane and I'm scared, really scared and out of control...
Even though I don't know what to do and I don't know what's happening...
Marga: "When I enter my abdomen now the slimy things have become soft, pink pillows and cushions. The heart is still there. I enter the feathery cocoon and the sky is now a clear blue. I feel this cocoon will always be there for me if want to go rest or just want to be there. Then suddenly the cocoon opens like a flower; the walls move outward to the ground. And to the left I see a beautiful meadow with waving wheat and sunflowers. The sun is shining. To the right I can see the night. It feels like I can oversee the whole world and more than that. It is a place full of possibilities".
Marga is now smiling and full of wonderment. I ask her to close her eyes and enjoy the wheat field, the sun and the possibilities, reminding her that this place and these feelings are her very own experience and she can keep them and return to them.
Marga: Since I am on medication for the endometriosis I cannot "test" if the symptoms have gone or reduced. I definitely feel lighter and happier after this Imagineering session. I already noticed I can go back to this image of the cocoon, closed or open, in an instant. I also realised that I can just open the cocoon by my own will. I don't need help. Dear Gwyneth, thank you for this great gift!"
The next day Marga retained the feeling of being lighter and brighter. She is a medical doctor and felt positive about taking the decision to reduce the medication and thus test for any change in the symptoms.
I have found that it is important in using this technique to let the thinking mind take a vacation whilst the imagination and the tapping do the work. So I don't discuss or interpret the imagery whilst we are working and I simply use standard EFT on whatever the person says. The changes in the imagery provide the test that something is changing. There are five other articles on the EFT website that teach this technique in more detail. You can just put


USPS Dimensional Weight
Package with a toy robot inside
While a 1-pound package of pillows and a 1-package of clothing may weigh the same, they take up different amounts of space in a USPS truck. To take into account the difference between box sizes and weights of packages, the U.S. Postal Service utilizes Dimensional (DIM) Weight to price package over one cubit foot in volume.This means that the shipping cost for a package that is over one cubic foot may be based on the size of the package rather than the actual physical weight of the package.
What is Dimensional Weight?
Dimensional Weight is a pricing structure that takes into account a package's box dimensions as well as the package weight. As e-commerce sales grow, shipping carriers are running out of space on their delivery trucks and they want to make sure retailers are using the smallest box to fill their trucks with as many packages as possible.
While other national carriers apply DIM Weight for all package sizes, the USPS only uses DIM Weight for packages over one cubic foot for Priority mail, Priority Mail Express, and Parcel Select Packages.
Online retailers whose products are light weight and larger in size (i.e. larger plastic toys, sports equipment, pillows, bubble wrap) will likely pay the DIM Weight price instead of the standard, physical weight price. If a package's calculated Dimensional Weight is more than the physical weight, the shipper is required to pay the Dimensional Weight rate.
How Can I Calculate Dimensional Weight?
 1. First, you need to determine if your package is greater than one cubic foot (1,728 cubic inches). To do this, use the formula L x W x H. If the result is under 1,728, your package is UNDER one cubic foot. If the result is over 1728, then your package is OVER one cubic foot and DIM Weight pricing may apply.
 2. Next, weigh your package to find its actual physical weight.
 3. Finally, calculate the DIM Weight by using the USPS Dimensional Weight formula, which is L x W x H/166. (The 166 is known as the DIM Divisor—the USPS uses 166 while other national carriers use 139 as their divisor.) If the result of this calculation yields a higher weight than the actual physical weight of the package, you will pay the DIM Weight price.
Let's look at an example
Supposed you have a package that measures 16″ x 12″ x 10″ and weighs 2 pounds. Use the formula L x W x H to determine if the package is over one cubic foot.
The result is 1,920 cubic inches which is over the 1,728 one cubic foot threshold—your package will qualify for DIM pricing.
Using the USPS formula 16″ L x 12″ W x 10″ H/166 we calculate the DIM Weight value to be 11.57, or 12 pounds which is greater than the package actual weight of 2 pounds. Since the DIM Weight of your package is greater than the physical weight, you are required to pay the shipping rate for a 12 pound package. As you can see, using the smallest box size for your products is very beneficial to keep your shipping costs low.
Package with dimensional measurements
How Can Help
Determining a package's DIM Weight is easy with Simply enter the weight, box dimensions, and destination of your package, and will automatically determine the correct USPS shipping rate for the package—no manual calculation is needed.
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5 pound digital scale with envelope on top of it
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 *pay only S&H fee


transom - mullion connection
Unlike conventional systems, the transom is not attached to the mullion with the use
of screws or any kind of connecting blocks.
On both ends of the thermally broken transom, a special TPE end piece is installed.
These end pieces have a triple function
 - firstly, the function of a sliding piece in the mullion chambers whilst
installation of the transom
 - secondly, the creation of a watertight connection between the transom and the mullion
 - thirdly, to allow the absorption of differential movements of the building or
thermal dilatations or contractions
As such, the transom is pinched in the slots of the mullion and an optimum connection between transom and mullion is obtained :
 1. following the x-axis (the longitudinal axis of the transom), the transom can dilate free
 2. following the y-axis (the longitudinal axis of the mullion) the transom is perfectly blocked
 3. following the z-axis (the axis perpendicular to the plane of the curtain wall) the transom is perfectly blocked as well
+32 3 385 88 64
Fassada Systems BV - Belgium
©2018 by Fassada.


Foam drainage on the microscale - I. Modeling flow through single Plateau borders
Koehler, S.A. and Hilgenfeldt, S. and Stone, H.A. (2004) Foam drainage on the microscale - I. Modeling flow through single Plateau borders. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 276 (2). pp. 420-438. ISSN 0021-9797
Restricted to UT campus only
: Request a copy
Abstract:The drainage of liquid through a foam involves flow in channels, also called Plateau borders, which generally are long and slender. We
model this flow by assuming the flow is unidirectional, the shear is transverse to the flow direction, and the liquid/gas interfaces are mobile and characterized by a Newtonian surface viscosity, which does not depend on the shear rate. Numerical finite difference simulations are performed, and analytical approximations for the velocity fields inside the channels and the films that separate the bubbles are given. We compare the liquid flow rates through interior channels, exterior channels (i.e., channels contacting container walls) and films. We find that when the number of exterior channels is comparable to the number of interior channels, i.e., narrow container geometries, the exterior channels can significantly affect the dynamics of the drainage process. Even for highly mobile interfaces, the films do not significantly contribute to the drainage process, unless the amount of liquid in the films is within a factor of ten of the amount of liquid in the channels.
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text:
By Marvin Ammori
Marvin Ammori is a First Amendment lawyer with his own law firm and a legal fellow at the New America Foundation's Open Technology Initiative.
June 21 2012. (Originally published by The Atlantic)
Build it right at home: Congress should encourage public schools to teach American children how to code (computer programming) just after they learn to multiply.
During the past month, a handful of Republicans and Democrats in the House and Senate reached across the partisan divide to introduce the Start-Up Act 2.0, a Bill to promote entrepreneurship and create jobs in the United States by easing restrictions on immigration. It's a great Bill, but it could be better. In addition to its immigration measures, it should also advance a plan to boost entrepreneurship and technical skills at home. Here's one important way to do that: Encourage public schools to teach American children how to code just after they learn to multiply.
Despite the nation's unemployment rate, the Start-Up Act rests on the assumption that the United States lacks the talent to fill today's demand for high-skilled engineers and entrepreneurs. That assumption is probably right: A report released by the Partnership for a New American Economy and the Partnership for New York City predicts that by 2018, there will be 800 000 science, technology, engineering and mathematics (Stem) jobs in the United States that require a master's degree or higher – and only about 550 000 American graduates with this training.
This scarcity of talent has received a lot of attention in connection with high-flying Silicon Valley companies: Google threw around $100 (R800 million) and $50 million (R400 million) offers to keep their top talent from fleeing to Twitter, and some companies pay tens of thousands to recruiters for even junior talent. Start-ups feel the same pressure: TechCrunch describes a "war for talent" among young firms, and anyone who has chatted with the CEO of a fast-growing tech company knows how much time they devote to identifying and wooing top technical talent.
The Start-Up Act addresses this shortage of qualified workers through immigration reform: The Bill creates an entrepreneurship visa for certain immigrants starting a company, and also provides a five-year visa for immigrants who receive advanced degrees in the US for science, technology, engineering and mathematics and then work in those fields.
But the Start-Up Act should give all Americans, not just immigrants, a better shot at being tomorrow's engineers and entrepreneurs. And that opportunity could begin at a young age with education in computer programming.
Students and parents expect a tax-supported education to provide for this kind of training. In a 2010 poll, almost 80 percent of Americans said our public schools are not preparing children for high-skilled jobs of the future. American schools have been criticised for teaching kids how to follow orders and to be good employees, rather than to think independently, creatively and with an entrepreneurial mindset. But, even if our schools were merely aiming low and training "employees" and not "leaders", they'd be failing at that task too. In international rankings of the OECD (Organisation of Economic Cooperation and Development) countries, American public schools rank 14th in reading, 17th in science and 25th in maths.
The Start-Up Act can help tackle this problem by incentivising and funding public schools to bring computer programming – or coding – into classrooms. The goal would not be to mould every child into the next Mark Zuckerberg, but to ensure everyone in our society can better understand the code that affects their lives. Thinking like a programmer is not only helpful to succeed in any technical career, it will also become integral to simply navigating our increasingly digital world.
Code consists of languages that can be taught just as we already teach the "language" of maths, the language of music and the language of Spanish vocabulary and grammar. Students could decide whether or not they want to pursue greater fluency and expertise in coding or Spanish, and if nothing else, students would benefit from the distinct problem-solving framework of a coding mentality – which may be a more entrepreneurial mentality than memorising the dates of famous battles in the Thirty Years War. It would help students to think critically – to analyse and solve problems.
In the post-industrial economy, ideas and great minds often provide far greater return on investment than any other resources or capital investments. As a writer on TechCrunch observed about technology start-ups: "It's well worth finding a new approach to not only courting that talent, but producing it." The same is true about nations. The United States should not just court talent. We must also produce more of it.
The congressional champions for our nation's start-ups and innovators should go one step further than immigration reform and include a strong pillar for ensuring that we produce talent in America over the long-term.
Congress can implement this proposal in many different ways. While states generally determine curricula, the federal government often funds specific programmes at schools that need help. Start-Up Act 2.0 could fund grants for expanding programming classes, beginning with small-scale pilot programmes, such as funding programming teachers or "programmers-in-residence" at 10 middle schools in each state and 10 more in Washington DC. Five hundred pilot programmes would result in a lot of experimentation, feedback and best practice. Additionally, Congress can encourage public schools to partner with virtual programmers-in-residence through funding access to companies like Udacity and Codecademy, or crowd funding-sourced learning materials, all of which could most benefit schools in more rural locations.
All of these measures would be a good place to begin bringing our primary and secondary education into the 21st century.
Just as senators from both parties are coming together to agree on the principles of high-skilled immigration in the Start-Up Act, they should join forces to support "code as a Second Language" as a way to develop more domestic talent, and more effective citizens, for today's world – and their own.
Note: This article has been edited to conform with Social Review's style guide. Vusumzi Nobadula, Executive Editor.


text:
- Buyer's guide
Tougher Requirements For Excavators Likely In 2013
Annual Regulatory Outlook
The American Petroleum Institute doesn't think pipeline leaks are any more dangerous, in terms of indoor air contamination, than leaks from USTs. The API thinks the EPA should simply produce one guidance document. Bruce Bauman, research program coordinator, soil/groundwater, at the American Petroleum Institute (API), says, "Aerobic biodegradation of petroleum compounds is likely to be significant at many petroleum release sites where the source is something other than a leaking UST, for example, pipelines, above-ground storage tanks, refinery operations. It would be inappropriate to utilize guidance that doesn't recognize this important attenuation mechanism for these sites."


text:
U.S. Air Forces in Europe Celebrates 65 Years of Airpower
American Forces Press Service
RAMSTEIN AIR BASE, Germany, Jan. 22, 2007 United States Air Forces in Europe is celebrating its 65th anniversary as the oldest, continuously active Air Force major command.
USAFE began Jan. 19, 1942, when the War Department established Headquarters 8th Air Force, and the command continues its forward presence in Europe and Africa - from delivering bombs in World War II to delivering humanitarian supplies to Berlin in 1948 and 1949, from fighting the Cold War to fighting today's war on terrorism, command officials said.
Command airmen deployed for operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm, flew missions into Sarajevo in the longest humanitarian airlift in history, then converted to combat missions over Kosovo several years later.
Since the terrorist attacks of Sept. 11, 2001, USAFE members have supported operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom with airlift, tankers, fighters and people. In summer 2006, USAFE assisted 14,000 Lebanon evacuees during the Hezbollah-Israel conflict. Today, 70 aircraft and 2,000 airmen are fighting in the war on terrorism.
"For more than half a century, USAFE airmen have taken the fight to America's and our allies' enemies. All airmen and civilians assigned to USAFE today, like those who came before, should take pride in the fact that every day, their service to our nation adds to this command's proud legacy," Gen. William T. Hobbins, the USAFE commander, said.
Some of the command's significant facts include:
-- First wartime action was Aug. 17, 1942, as airmen began a daylight precision-bombing campaign against Axis Europe.
-- D-Day participation involved 171 fighter squadrons with 3,000 aircraft flying 8,722 combat sorties, gaining air superiority and disrupting German reinforcements and ground movements.
-- World War II Medals of Honor from the command went to 25 aviators, 16 of them posthumously.
-- During the Berlin Airlift, in a 24-hour period, 2,764 flights delivered 12,941 tons of supplies and a cargo plane landed or took off from one of Berlin's three airfields every two minutes.
-- Operation El Dorado Canyon against Libyan terrorists involved 18 Royal Air Force station Lakenheath F-111 Aardvarks that bombed five terrorist targets in Tripoli and Benghazi.
-- Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm saw 15 percent of USAFE airmen deployed, and 55 percent of its aircraft and 33 percent of its munitions used toward the war. Spangdahlem Air Base's F-4 Phantoms destroyed 143 radar sites.
-- Sarajevo relief missions involved USAFE C-130 Hercules aircraft that flew 12,886 relief missions, delivering more than 160,000 metric tons of supplies.
-- Operation Shining Hope provided immediate relief to more than 450,000 Kosovar refugees as USAFE members airlifted food, equipment and medical supplies to the region.
-- Supporting the war on terrorism, USAFE personnel played a key role in humanitarian airdrops over Afghanistan, loading more than 2 million humanitarian rations as planes flew daily missions from Ramstein Air Base to Afghanistan.
(From a U.S. Air Forces in Europe news release.)


text:
Audio and video based speech separation for multiple moving sources within a room environment
Human beings have developed a unique ability to communicate within a noisy environment, such as at a cocktail party. This skill is dependent upon the use of both the aural and visual senses together with sophisticated processing within the brain. To mimic this ability within a machine is very challenging, particularly if the humans are moving. This project attempts to address major challenges in audio-visual speaker localization, tracking and separation.


text:
Resuscitative endovascular occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is a rapidly evolving technology which requires careful system-wide multidisciplinary implementation for optimal success. These guidelines developed by experienced REBOA practitioners provide a framework for a key practitioner to use in the development of a REBOA program in their institution. They detail the importance of involving doctors, nurses, and staff across departments and disciplines in the application of this technique.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine


Bayad Name Meaning
Bayad is a Muslim Girl Name. Bayad name meaning is Awareness. It has multiple Islamic meaning. The name is originated from. The lucky number of Bayad name is 8.
Name Bayad
Meaning Awareness
Gender Girl
Lucky Number 8
Religion Muslim
Lucky Days Thursday, Friday
Lucky Colors Light Green, Peach
Lucky Stones Sapphire
Lucky Metals Silver, Copper
Bayad Name Meaning and History
Bayad is a Muslim Girl name Acording to Numerology Predictions, lucky number for Bayad is 8. Bayad name meaning in english are Awareness.
People believes to have their Lucky Days according to their names, Thursday, Friday are Favourable and Lucky Days for name Bayad and lucky metals are Silver, Copper for Bayad name holders.
Lucky colors for Bayad are Light Green, Peach and Bayad name is famous in our names dictionary, and has been searched 48276 times, which is Forty-eight thousand two hundred seventy-six times.
Bayad is listed in the Girls directory of Girls Islamic names meaning section, and can be searched easily online or you can check in alphabetic "B" of the Girls Muslim names area. There are almost 462 baby Girl names which start with alphabet B in our names section. You can also check the Bayad Name meaning in Urdu in our Muslim Urdu names area.
Q. What does Bayad name mean?
Bayad name meaning in Urdu is "بیداری،جاگنا ، ہوشیاری". In English, Bayad name meaning is "Awareness".
Q. What is the Lucky Number of Bayad?
The lucky number associated with the name Bayad is "8".
Q. What is the religion of the name Bayad?
The religion of the name Bayad is Muslim.
Q. What is the origin of Bayad name?
The origin of the name Bayad is.
Q. What is the auspicious color of the name Bayad?
For the name Bayad, the lucky color is Light Green, peach.
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39.12 Faces
One way to represent a face is as a property list of attributes, like (:foreground "red" :weight bold). Such a list is called an anonymous face. For example, you can assign an anonymous face as the value of the face text property, and Emacs will display the underlying text with the specified attributes. See Special Properties.
More commonly, a face is referred to via a face name: a Lisp symbol associated with a set of face attributes22. Named faces are defined using the defface macro (see Defining Faces). Emacs comes with several standard named faces (see Basic Faces).
Some parts of Emacs require named faces (e.g., the functions documented in Attribute Functions). Unless otherwise stated, we will use the term face to refer only to named faces.
Function: facep object
This function returns a non-nil value if object is a named face: a Lisp symbol or string which serves as a face name. Otherwise, it returns nil.
For backward compatibility, you can also use a string to specify a face name; that is equivalent to a Lisp symbol with the same name.


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By Kristina Penny
New School of Public Health graduate Hellen Ndiku, DrPH (2009), went to Kenya to research differences between the nutritional value of two different grains consumed in a specific region.
While there, she made an unexpected discovery: girls in the region seemed to be receiving significantly less nutrition than boys.
"We didn't worry just if the boys ate more. Our nutrition indices state whether they're healthy or not healthy. When they ate more, it was translating into better health, and the boys were better nourished," she says.
This came as a surprise to Dr. Ndiku, even though she was born and raised in a Kenyan village similar to the ones she was studying and knew the disadvantages girls often face in the country.
"They believe, whatever they're given, that's what their share should be," says Dr. Ndiku.
Yet, Dr. Ndiku hadn't suspected the nutrition statistics to be quite so drastic. Weight-for-age, girls 5 years of age and younger were 17.5 percent more likely to be malnourished.
Dr. Ndiku conducted the research project as part of her dissertation requirements for the SPH's doctorate in nutrition. She chose to research and compare the difference between the traditionally grown pearl millet against a more recently introduced grain, corn, to see which one supported better nutrition in the region. As a child, she remembered eating pearl millet but recalled it getting scarcer and scarcer as corn was introduced.
"The last time I had seen it, I was in grade one and 7 years old. Since then, it has been disappearing from our village," says Dr. Ndiku. "But it never left my mind, and my grandmother kept talking about it, how good and nutritious it was, so I really wanted to find out."
Dr. Ndiku discovered that there were still regions that produced pearl millet in bulk and decided to study eight villages consuming mainly pearl millet and eight consuming mainly corn within the same district. Making two four-month trips, she recruited and trained four research assistants from the area to help her weigh and measure the children and conduct questionnaires about their daily food consumption.
"It's true that in the region where they use the traditional cereal, they have higher average energy intake than the area where they use corn, and get better nutrition," says Dr. Ndiku. Her study reports that children from the pearl-millet-growing region consumed 15 percent more energy than those from the corn-growing region and also received more protein, iron, and vitamin A.
In addition, she says pearl millet is more hardy than corn, able to survive drought better, and requires less labor.
But Dr. Ndiku found the difference between the nutritional health of boys and girls under 5 years old to be far more interesting data than the comparison of different types of grain.
In Kenya, girls are neglected in many cultural issues, including educational and career opportunities. "But I didn't know that they also were [neglected] in nutritional issues," says Dr. Ndiku. "That was a shock to me."
Dr. Ndiku was born and raised in the same region in Kenya where she conducted the research project. Neither of her parents ever attended school nor learned how to read or write, but she remembers the constant encouragement of her father.
"I had two brothers, and he didn't see any difference between them and myself," she says. "He told me, 'Compete with them. You can make it.' That's what motivated me."
Her uncle, who came to study in the United States the year she was born, reminded her that there was more to education than elementary school. He came back to Kenya and even helped pay her tuition for high school. This motivated her even further, she says.
"I believe that God can lead in everything," she says. "If you would have asked me before if I ever would have come to the U.S. to go to school, I wouldn't have been sure, but I knew that God can do anything."
Dr. Ndiku hopes to use her research, and the subsequent data she plans to collect when she goes back in November, to inform Kenyan communities of the current nutritional differences between boys and girls and convince them that "all children are valuable," she says. "But I also want to carry it a bit further and share it with policy makers to see what can be done."
Each of the villages where she did her research consisted of 200-300 fenced homesteads, each having two or three mud huts, one for each family. Residents of the villages had staunch superstitious beliefs passed down through tradition but often didn't know much about basic health or sanitation principles.
"We did a lot of health and nutritional education because they knew very little, and I didn't want us to just collect data and walk away," says Dr. Ndiku. She says they became involved in the communities in many ways including distributing food and clothing, transporting the sick to hospitals, buying prescriptions for them, and giving de-worming medicine to the children. They also helped fund the construction of schools and churches and paid the tuition of some students.
At times, the number of people in need became too overwhelming for research team members to handle alone, so they involved the community leaders to help with organization and distribution. In total, Dr. Ndiku estimates that the research team spent about $1,500 helping the community.
"When we started to incorporate community service, they got interested and excited, and we even became great friends. They didn't want us to leave," says Dr. Ndiku. "These people have nobody to ask very simple questions, so just being there for them was a help."
The team initiated a continuing plan, Project Porridge, to distribute food at 13 Seventh-day Adventist churches in the region.
Dr. Ndiku preached at several churches and conducted Bible studies in the afternoon, but she says the real chance to witness was daily interaction. "When they asked why we were doing all these things, I would just tell them, 'I'm doing this because Jesus loves you.' Because they couldn't understand why someone would come from their home and do all of this."
Dr. Ndiku graduated in June. She plans to finish up her research project and then teach nutrition and conduct research for the University of Eastern Africa, Baraton. She also plans to work with international organizations to promote community health education.
"We can sit in offices. We can brag about our degrees, but if we cannot reach the community, then the system is not complete," says Dr. Ndiku.
Another one of her ambitions is to become an advocate and role model for young girls.
"One reason I came here and decided to go to school is for the sake of the girl child," says Dr. Ndiku. "So that they can have someone they can look at and say 'if she can do it, coming from a village like that, right here near my village, than I can too.' That's why I'm here."


There are 2 greate modules for importing nodes Feeds and Feed Import. Is there a way to update fields of existing nodes on import from XML or CSV file?
For example, there is an XML feed from another website with products (id + price) and file with additional data for the same products (id + description). How to import both sources into the same node in Drupal?
You need to set up feeds and feeds_xpathparser. You could found a good start for configuring all this here : _URL_
Concerning your concern about updating, you can do this by configuring the guid as your external unique id. In the screenshot provided, you can see in my case the xml tag used for unique id is simply .
xml parser configuration
Then, you just have to configure the node processor so that it will "Update existing node" when it found a duplicate as shown on the screenshot below.
enter image description here
You should know the nid to be able to import this product.
In node import when you add the nid to the csv it understand that there is an update, but you should try it, maybe it delete all the content but not the information from the csv.
The best options in this case should be to make a bacthapi process to update all the nodes.
Your Answer


text:
By Ronald H. Spector
Read Online or Download Advice and Support: The Early Years of the United States Army in Vietnam, _PHONE_ PDF
Similar Asia books
Asia Pacific Human source administration and Organisational Effectiveness: affects on perform explores the thoughts and purposes of strategic human source administration (SHRM) concept at the roles and practices of human source execs hired in agencies around the Asia Pacific sector.
For lots of Westerners, the identify Vietnam inspires pictures of a bloody televised American battle that generated a firestorm of protest and taken clash into their residing rooms. In his sweeping account, Ben Kiernan broadens this imaginative and prescient through narrating the wealthy background of the peoples who've inhabited the land referred to now as Viet Nam over the last 3 thousand years.
It is a learn of the feudal nobles within the Latin country of Jerusalem; their prestige in Palestinian society, their lordships and their political rules; and the advance of those principles as expressed in constitutional conflicts with kings and regents from 1174 to 1277.
Some of the most fierce and wide-ranging debates in old circles over the last two decades has involved the idea that all through Europe, the 17th century used to be a interval of predicament so pervasive, major and severe that it may be labelled a 'General Crisis'. a few articles influenced via the controversy have been amassed and released in a booklet entitled main issue in Europe, edited via Trevor Aston.
Additional resources for Advice and Support: The Early Years of the United States Army in Vietnam, _PHONE_


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Cash advance credit cards
Cash advance credit cards explained
It's possible to use your credit card for cash advances, but you should try and avoid it if you can
By Mehdi Punjwani
Published: 08 September 2020
Man using credit card to pay via a laptop
Ready to compare?
If you need cash quickly, it's possible to withdraw it on most credit cards.
This is known as a cash advance, but it's rarely recommended because of the high withdrawal fees and interest payments, which usually kick in straightaway.
What is a cash advance credit card and how does it work?
As well as making purchases and transferring balances, most credit cards allow you to withdraw cash as you would with a debit card. This is known as a cash advance.
The problem is that unlike a debit card you will often be hit with a fee and interest is charged from the moment you take out the cash. This makes using a credit card for cash advances expensive, even if you clear your credit card balance every month.
It's also not just notes and coins that may be considered as a cash transaction with a credit card. Other transactions, such as mortgage payments or utility bills, may be deemed cash transactions too. If unsure, it's best to check with your card provider first.
Making an electronic transfer from your credit card to your current account will also incur a fee, but if you have a specialist money transfer credit card, you can at least avoid paying interest for a set period.
If you do withdraw cash on your credit card, try to clear your balance straightaway to minimise the interest you'll pay.
How much cash can I withdraw on a credit card?
It's likely that the amount you can withdraw in cash will be lower than your overall credit limit, which you use for purchases or a balance transfer.
For example, if you had a £2,000 credit card limit, you may only be able to withdraw £1,200 in cash.
What transactions are considered a cash advance?
As well as withdrawing notes and coins, the following could also be considered a cash advance:
 - Making a mortgage payment
 - Paying a utility bill
 - Buying travel money
 - Buying gift vouchers
 - Transferring money from your credit card to a current account
Why should I avoid taking out cash on a credit card?
Not all spending costs the same on a credit card. Taking out cash is typically more expensive than making purchases because interest is charged straightaway and then every day until you pay off your balance
There is also likely to be an additional cash advance fee for using your credit card in an ATM, for example. This could be a fixed fee or a percentage of the amount you have withdrawn.
Can I withdraw cash abroad on my credit card?
Yes, but this will probably be even more expensive because you will be hit with extra fees.
In addition to the cash advance fee and interest charges there will be a foreign usage fee and if the cash withdrawal is in British pounds and not the local currency, you'll also have to pay a dynamic currency conversion (DCC) fee. The exchange rate won't be the best either.
How do you get cash on a cash advance credit card?
In the normal way you would take out cash with a debit card.
You can withdraw cash from an ATM using your PIN, over the counter at a bank or by getting cashback at a shop.
However, while getting cash out isn't difficult, you need to be aware of the additional costs you may incur.
What are the fee-free credit card alternatives?
While you will not be able to withdraw cash from an ATM on any credit card fee-free, there are credit cards that do allow you to access cash or spend on your card without paying interest. Here's how they work:
 - 0% money transfer cards: Make payment from your credit card as cash straight into your current account and charge 0% interest on the borrowing for a set period. Money transfer cards with the longest 0% terms will typically charge a transfer fee of around 3% of the debt.
 - 0% balance transfer card: Allows you to transfer an existing card debt on to the balance transfer card where you won't be charged any interest for a set period, for example,
 12 or 24 months. There may be a one-off fee to transfer the balance.
 - 0% purchase card: Allows you to make purchases online or in-store without paying interest for a set period.
Agreed overdraft facilities are another option if you need a smaller amount of fee-free borrowing. Some banks are prepared to offer you up to several hundred pounds of agreed overdraft, provided you pay it back in good order – often more if you're a current student. But beware, if you go over your agreed threshold or time limit, interest rates on overdrafts can be quite steep – often reaching 40%.
Compare credit cards with MoneySuperMarket
If you're looking for a credit card, comparing deals on MoneySuperMarket is an easy way to find a card that's right for you. All you need to do is tell us a little about yourself, your financial status, and what you'd like to use your new credit card for, and we'll show you a list of cards tailored to your needs.
You'll be able to sort them by their interest rates, any included incentives and your likelihood of you being approved. Thanks to MoneySuperMarket's eligibility checker, you can reduce the risk of having your application for credit refused.
Once you've found the card you want, just click through to the provider to finalise your application. If it's accepted, your provider will send you the card through the post as well as letting you know your credit limit and interest rate – remember the advertised rate may not be the one you get, as it only has to be offered to 51% of successful applicants.
Once you have your card, you just need to activate it and it will be ready to use.
MoneySuperMarket is a credit broker not a lender. You must be 18 or over and a UK resident.
Ready to compare?


DRAFT: DBJ Challenge Statement
My current best understanding of what we are trying to accomplish in DBJ.
 1. Learn and model what it means to deny ourselves, take up our cross, and follow Jesus in a nominally Christianized culture.
 2. Develop a "Jesus Study" format where people who think they know Jesus and the Bible encounter the living Messiah by soaking together in Scripture and the Spirit
 3. Leverage the unprecedented global adoption of video conferencing for publicly practicing fellowship and repentance, in order to draw others to the cross of Christ rather than church buildings.


Whenever I return from a holiday, I'm always struck by how I notice even very small changes that have occurred in the area in which I live. It could be that someone has painted their door a slightly different colour, or that someone has planted a new plant in their garden.
I then wonder if I would have noticed these small differences if I hadn't had some time away from where I live?
It would seem to me that familiarity can make us less likely notice the changes around us.
Putting this into a work context, do we need to find ways of having 'holidays' from the projects we are working on in order to better understand what might have changed since we began our work?
Sometimes recognising these changes (however big or small) could provide us with vital information that will allow us to refine and further improve our work.
So, why not give yourself a 'holiday' from your work (even if it's not two weeks in the sun!) and see if you can spot what's changed since you went away?
Happy holidays!
_TAG_ _TAG_ _TAG_


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We teach children to dream by sculpting castles made of sand. How fitting, teaching children to build with crumbs of rocks - instead of teaching them to quarry out mountains, cut down trees, and mix mortar to create structures that last. We teach them to climb mountains if they want to be tall, and to read novels and text-books to make their minds deep. With unseen paper-cut fingers, and oxygen tanks to reach those high peaks,
we never teach them that they will fall. Or how when they fall, and their dreams shatter, how to sweep up the broken crumbs and turn them back into castles.


Help! My Cat Gets Carsick!
It's not for the reason you'd think 🤢
cat gets carsick
Being carsick is no fun for you, and it's especially not fun for your cat.
It's heartbreaking to see your cat get queasy in the car (especially if you've been there too and can feel his pain).
The Dodo spoke with Dr. Tom Elston, cat specialist and owner of T.H.E. Cat Hospital in California, who explained why cats get carsick and how you can help.
Cats and carsickness
"Like people, cats can get carsick too," Dr. Elston told The Dodo. "Carsickness is a form of motion sickness, much like we experience when in a car, on a boat, or up in a plane."
But rather than getting nauseous from the speed of the car or bumps in the road like people do, a cat's motion sickness is actually a result of stress or anxiety.
This is because cats don't usually ride around in the car very often, so probably they aren't used to it the way dogs are.
Not to mention, cats often associate car rides with going to the vet, which can be a source of anxiety for them.
Signs of carsickness
"The most common symptom of motion sickness in cats is vomiting, but it may be combined with peeing or pooping in their carrier if they're particularly anxious," Dr. Elston explained.
Other signs include:
 - Vocalization
 - Restlessness
 - Drooling
 - Licking lips
 - Lethargy
What to do
Since travel sickness in cats is rooted in anxiety, the first thing you should do is contact your vet.
"Depending on your cat's needs, your vet may be able to prescribe medications to help with anxiety or nausea, and can provide more specific recommendations based on your cat's age, health, and temperament," Dr. Elston said.
There are also some over-the-counter items you can try to supplement your vet's treatment plan.
Like this Feliway calming travel spray from Chewy for $13.99
In addition to treatment recommended by your vet, you should also try to get your cat more comfortable with his carrier.
If he thinks of it as a safe space, traveling inside it could help ease his anxiety.
You can do this by leaving it out at home so he gets used to hanging out in it, or even filling it with some of his favorite treats so he knows it's a place where good things happen.
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Engineering capstone courses are the ultimate learning activity in an engineering undergraduate program, designed to teach students a variety of valuable skills linked to using technology to solve problems. The course should teach: teamwork, engineering design, problem solving, communications and project management. Unfortunately Capstone outcomes can fail to achieve potential, through solving poor problems, discounting user feedback, and ignoring technology viability. TechConnect is designed to run in parallel with a Capstone Course, and address these issues.
- Use Design Thinking principles/Jobs-To-Be-Done framework, to identify potential problems that can be addressed by technology
- Refine/validate identified problem to be clear on problem you are solving, for whom it is being solved & how success is measured.
- Use structured process to validate each stage of development, from idea/job being done to value proposition & business model.
- Understand roles of different decision makers in the adoption process, and identify specific barriers to adoption to be addressed.
- Enhance the design specification to overcome these barriers or to meet the technical requirements of a proposed business model
- Learn to use customer discovery techniques to gather evidence to validate each stage of the technology development in capstone project
Four workshops over term, in parallel with capstone project:
- Problem identification / refinement
- Identifying value proposition
- Understanding barriers to adoption
- Technology/Business model options
- Importance of technology commercialization
- Evidenced based technology commercialization
- Design Thinking
- Jobs To Be Done
- Value Proposition Canvas
- Stakeholder Analysis
- Customer Discovery
- Market Segmentation
- Barriers to Adoption
- First Customers
- Technology/Service Offerings
- Alternate Business Models
- Licensing versus Venture Creation
- Critical Factors for Venture Success
The course is offered to undergraduate students completing their Capstone Projects. Each lesson (usually 30 minutes) provides a structured guideline to complement the Capstone Course, where student teams are required to complete a worksheet, & share it with their colleagues and faculty.
Dr. Andrew Maxwell received his Ph.D. in Management Science at the University of Waterloo in 2011, winning the Academy of Management's Heizer Award. Prior to this he completed an MBA at London Business School, and a B.Sc. (Eng.) in Electrical Engineering from Imperial College London. He has been Chief Innovation Officer at the Canadian Innovation Centre for the past 15 years, developing and delivering innovative and entrepreneurial programs and structured experiential courses.
He developed the TechConnect approach with Dr. Mcnamee, while at the Fox School of Business, and College of Engineering at Temple University (Philadelphia). It has since been deployed as one day workshops, as complements to undergraduate capstone engineering courses, and as a graduate course. In addition the methodology has also been deployed at a number of technology industry associations, with university technology transfer offices, inside specialist venture firms and in private and public research and development organizations. Users of the process find this approach illuminating, enhancing their understanding of the challenges of developing new technologies that will be used by users, and the need to better understand the psychology and emotions of potential users and other stakeholders. Organizations deploying this process often see a four-fold increase in the number of research projects reaching first customer.


text:
"Why isn't this ant a big sphere? Planetary nebula Mz3 is being cast off by a star similar to our Sun that is, surely, round. Why then would the gas that is streaming away create an ant-shaped nebula that is distinctly not round?
Click image for larger size.
Clues might include the high 1000-kilometer per second speed of the expelled gas, the light-year long length of the structure, and the magnetism of the star visible above at the nebula's center. One possible answer is that Mz3 is hiding a second, dimmer star that orbits close in to the bright star. A competing hypothesis holds that the central star's own spin and magnetic field are channeling the gas. Since the central star appears to be so similar to our own Sun, astronomers hope that increased understanding of the history of this giant space ant can provide useful insight into the likely future of our own Sun and Earth."