text:
Through EMDS, decision makers can apply logical models of ideal ecosystem conditions against spatially referenced information and then prioritize the results for a maximum net benefit to the environment based on management constraints and opportunities.
EMDS integrates the logic engine of NetWeaver from Rules of Thumb, Inc. to perform create a logical model and perform various evaluations against it, and the decision modeling engine of Criterium DecisionPlus from InfoHarvest, Inc. for evaluating management priorities to create an application framework for knowledge-based decision support of ecological assessments. Logic processing in EMDS is performed by the NetWeaver engine. Data input to the engine is mediated by the EMDS Project Environment and ArcMap.
Logic models (knowledge bases) that describe logical relations among ecosystem states and processes are created in NetWeaver Developer. NetWeaver readily supports design of knowledge bases for the types of large, complex, and abstract problems typically posed by ecosystem management. Priority Analyst is a dynamic MCDA tool that extends the functionality of EMDS to include integrated planning. The Priority Analyst can be used for priority setting, resource allocation, and trade-off analysis once a particular analysis has been completed in EMDS. The process of MCDA involves ranking alternative actions based on how well each rates against a set of decision criteria. Priority Analyst includes a variety of diagnostic tools that help developers, users, and the general public, understand the basis for planning priorities.


ControlsInsight chart functionality enables the user to select a date range criteria by selecting the by-month buttons seen at the top of the chart. Users can also see this behavior as well on the right side of the by-month buttons at top of the chart in order to limit the date range for specific days on the calendar.
If the user clicks on any of the by-month buttons, the chart will automatically fit to select the date range. For instance, Let's say we click on the All button, this action will retrieve all data points form different scans in time.
Normally users will have assets resources already imported. There are 2 situations when users will not be able to see resources on their screen:
 1. Out-of-the-package prior installation of the system.
 2. The use of extensive filters on the navigational left-hand menu sometimes will not result on any resource depending on the user assets.
When above scenarios occur, the user will not be displayed with any chart, resulting in the following message: "ControlsInsight did not find any assets. Make sure the selected filters have scanned assets."
But what else can we do with the chart besides date range functionality?
One of the most interesting ways we can actually do with the chart, is that we can interact with the data points to gives us more information about specific points in time. Whenever we hover on specific data points in time, we get a detailed tooltip. Let's take a look:
The tooltip gives us information on:
 1. When exactly did we did the scan
 2. Grade for such scan
 3. Number of assets collected
When we hover onto the next data point in time we see the following:
Besides the typical information we received for a specific data point in time, the data point also tells us that the configuration changed for that particular data point, compared to the previous point.
One final note
ControlsInsight chart provides the user with lots of functionality but we don't stop there. We will be incorporating not only more, but better features through out updates that will contribute to a better user experience through out not only charts, but the system in general.
Thank you and until next time.


text:
Collateral Charge Mortgages
- Re-advanceable loans
- Access to additional funds without the use of lawyer
- Lender can change interest rate at any time (usually only when in default)
- Unsecured debt can be interconnected with mortgage (they can use your mortgage payment to pay oﬀ other debts if you miss a payment which puts you in default on your mortgage!)
- Mortgage is NON transferrable
- Highly impacts your renewal options
- Register mortgage for MORE than you borrow (up to 125%)
What is a collateral charge?
A collateral charge is basically a diﬀerent method of registering a mortgage or loan against real property. Collateral charges used to only be used for secured lines of credit, but are now becoming quite popular with many major fnancial institutions for their regular mortgage products. It diﬀers from a "standard mortgage" in signifcant ways that aﬀect your ﬂexibility with the contract/bank.
Terms in a loan agreement
Regular Mortgages put all of the key terms in a document that's registered with the provincial land/registry ofce – Standard Mortgage Charge. A Collateral Mortgage, however puts key terms in a loan agreement which is NOT registered the same way. This collateral loan agreement may contain terms such as:
- The lender has the ability to change the interest rate at any time. Although this usually only occurs if in default, it can occur on certain products such as lines of credit, overdraf facilities etc.
- You can increase your loan amount without reregistration on title which means no legal fees
- Unsecured debt such as credit cards, overdraf, loans etc. can become interconnected
- The lender can use your mortgage payment to pay down other debts you have with that lender (if you default on those debts)
- For example, if you have a visa and are late in making the payment with the same bank you have the mortgage with, they can transfer your mortgage payment to the credit care instead, without your permission which immediately puts your mortgage in default.
- They can now contact you and ask for you to pay back the entire mortgage immediately or foreclosure proceedings will commence!
- If you are late or default on paying home insurance, property taxes, or condo fees, just like point #3, the collateral charge can be used to pay them oﬀ!
- On Demand: You will be signing a document at the lawyers that confrms the mortgage is "on demand". The lender can ask to be repaid at any time with no recourse to the lender. This usually only happens in default, but if you remember #3 and #4, this could mean default on other debts, NOT just your mortgage
Collateral charges have their place
- Re-Advanceable multi part mortgages
- Secured Lines of Credit
- Protect the equity in the property for the borrowers and/or family
- Protect against identity thef
- Access to more funds without the need for a lawyer
What a Collateral Charge does, and limits
- Register more than you borrow
- Lender may register a higher amount on title than is actually borrowed at the time mortgage is set upup to 125% of the value
- This results in the Lender protecting all of the current and future equity in your property and disallow any secondary fnancing from another lender
- Can re borrow, but with be limited to ONLY the options provided by the existing lender
- If moving from one bank to another, will incur legal fees and potentially a penalty as well
- Unlike a Standard Charge, you can borrow more money afer the mortgage is funded without the need to pay a lawyer
- This is still subject to requalifying to get access to more funds
- NON Transferable
- It cannot be transferred or switched to a new lender line a regular mortgage without incurring legal fees
- This impacts your renewal options
- At renewal, if your existing lender is not being competitive on rate, you will need to hire a lawyer and "refnance" to move to another bank, even though you may not be adding any more money
While collateral charge mortgages have their place in mortgage lending, the majority of people do not beneft from this type of registration. Most people are better suited for a standard charge mortgage contract. Use an expert to ensure that you are protected against hidden cost.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Contributing Advent 6: C is for Cookie
Today we start with bugs in PHP's Date/Time extension. There are a fair amount of them and they require some hard needed attention. So this post addresses a number of bugs.
Bug #63776
As usual I started with the most recently filed bugs and ran into bug #63776, which turned out to not be a bug. Titled "strtotime fails with 'at'" it goes about how a date string with at in it (like in "Nov 19, 2012 at 7:03 PM") does not get parsed properly with strtotime() (or really any other parsing routing). strtotime()'s documentation page mentions The function expects to be given a string containing an English date format and will try to parse that format into a Unix timestamp. The word "try" is quite important here. In general, people are a lot better at this sort of thing than computers, as they sense what is part of the data and what is noise. In this case, the parser routine sees the phrase at as a timezone abbreviation, which it does not understand. And because of this, it refuses to parse the string. If you use date_parse() you will see what it actually parsers out of the string:
var_dump( date_parse( "Nov 19, 2012 at 7:03 PM" ) );
which outputs (reformatted):
array(13) {
 'year' => int(2012)
 'month' => int(11)
 'day' => int(19)
 'hour' => int(19)
 'minute' => int(3)
 'second' => int(0)
 'fraction' => double(0)
 'warning_count' => int(0)
 'warnings' => array(0) { }
 'error_count' => int(1)
 'errors' => array(1) {
 [13] => string(47) "The timezone could not be found in the database"
 'is_localtime' => bool(true)
 'zone_type' => int(0)
Which mentions very clearly [13] => string(47) "The timezone could not be found in the database" — the key 13 is the position in the original string.
Bug #64294
The next one, bug #64294, with the title "date conversion problem when dst present" turned out not to be a bug either. Simply forgotten that Daylight Saving Time already had gone away for the year. However, I should point out that parsing a timestamp with: $date = new \DateTime('@ _PHONE_'); always sets the timezone UTC, and not the configured default. This means that:
$timestamp = _PHONE_;
$date = new \DateTime('@'.$timestamp);
echo $date->format('Y-m-d H:i O'), "\n";
Will always show a timezone of +0000:
2013-10-28 10:00 +0000
Bug #53879
However, there was a bug that needed a fix. Bug #53879, "DateTime::createFromFormat() fails to parse cookie expiration date" talks about parsing a date string such as Mon, 21-Jan-2041 15:24:52 GMT with the factory method DateTime::createFromFormat(). This method takes as first argument a series of format specifiers to signal how the date string should be parsed. It mostly uses the same format letters that the DateTime::format() method uses to output a DateTime object in a specific format.
In this case, the user did not specify his own format, but used one of the predefined constants that is meant for displaying a DateTime object in a format that HTTP Cookies want. The constant DateTime::COOKIE was in fact just the string l, d-M-y H:i:s T. The y here stands for a two-digit year. Specifying the year in two digits appeared in the original RFC 850 but has since then be superseded by a whole bunch of interconnecting and contradicting standards.
The general consensus seems to be what is now on, but that was formerly hosted on a now-defunct page. This pages defines the date format as needed for cookies as:
The date string is formatted as:
This is based on RFC 822, RFC 850, RFC 1036, and RFC 1123, with the variations that the only legal time zone is GMT and the separators between the elements of the date must be dashes.
In PHP, Wdy, DD-Mon-YYYY HH:MM:SS GMT is represented as l, d-M-Y H:i:s T to which I now changed PHP's DateTime::COOKIE constant.
There are plenty more issues, so we'll be coming back to the DateTime extension.
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Life Line


text:
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition
- v. To follow in an effort to overtake or capture; chase: a fox that was pursued by hounds.
- v. To strive to gain or accomplish: pursue lofty political goals.
- v. To proceed along the course of; follow: a ship that pursued the southern course.
- v. To carry further; advance: Let's not pursue this argument.
- v. To be engaged in (a vocation or hobby, for example).
- v. To court: a lady who was pursued by many suitors.
- v. To continue to torment or afflict; haunt: was pursued by the demons of lust and greed.
- v. To follow in an effort to overtake or capture; chase.
- v. To carry on; continue.
Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
- To follow; proceed along; follow in action.
- To follow with the view of overtaking; follow with haste; chase; hunt: as, to pursue a hare; to pursue a fleeing enemy.
- To seek; seek to obtain: as, to pursue a remedy at law; to pursue pleasure.
- To follow close upon; attend; be present with; accompany.
- To follow vindictively or with enmity; persecute; treat with hostility; seek to injure.
- To follow as a principle of action, profession, trade, or occupation; prosecute; practise systematically; carry on.
- To follow up; continue; proceed with.
- To endeavor; try.
- Synonyms To track, hound.
- To strive for.
- To conduct, keep up, persist in.
- To give chase; charge.
- To seek; endeavor; try.
- To go on; continue; proceed.
- To sue; act as prosecutor; take legal steps as plaintiff or prosecutor.
- n. Pursuit.
GNU Webster's 1913
- v. To follow with a view to overtake; to follow eagerly, or with haste; to chase.
- v. To seek; to use or adopt measures to obtain.
- v. To proceed along, with a view to some and or object; to follow; to go in
- v. To prosecute; to be engaged in; to continue.
- v. To follow as an example; to imitate.
- v. To follow with enmity; to persecute; to call to account.
- v. To go in pursuit; to follow.
- v. To go on; to proceed, especially in argument or discourse; to continue.
- v. (Law) To follow a matter judicially, as a complaining party; to act as a prosecutor.
- v. follow in or as if in pursuit
- v. carry further or advance
- v. carry out or participate in an activity; be involved in
- v. go in search of or hunt for
- From Anglo-Norman pursuer, poursuire et al., Old French porsuir, from Latin prōsequī (though influenced by persequī). (Wiktionary)
- Middle English pursuen, from Anglo-Norman pursuer, from Vulgar Latin *prōsequere, from Latin prōsequī; see prosecute. (American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition)
"What the critic and writer subsequently go on to pursue is divergent from this initial experience, but ideally both can be traced back to the common source."
"The edge we pursue is an intersection of man and nature on nature's terms."
"What professions should Alec Baldwin pursue once he quits acting?"
"I sincerely appreciate the opportunity this nomination presents for me to return to public service... so I can again pursue justice on behalf of the citizens of Nevada and the American people."
"What we pursue is to satisfy not only the domestic demand but also the global demand of rare earths."
"The rest of the population is left at the mercy or Big Immoral Insurance Corporations in pursue of profit at all cost."
"To pursue is to possess, and to possess is to be sated."
"The addition of Creed, Donald and Friedman will sharpen the weapons available to the team as they again pursue a number of racing blocks in Europe and Asia."
"This sort of political masturbation that the Congress wants to pursue is exactly the sort of thing that will be used by the hardliners in Iran to leverage their position."
"The ONLY way that the President can ensure he's moving out on the agenda he was elected to pursue is if he can appoint people who respond to, and reflect, his priorities."
These user-created lists contain the word 'pursue'.
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verbs Adj Adv noun
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Very basic words for ESL students.
dedicated to my man Steven, without whom i would be addicted to drugs, lying in a gutter, hating myself, or hooking somewhere :)
This is a collection of words I love, old ones that I love the sound of when I repeat them for years and new ones coined in news articles on up and coming trends and technologies - most of them I k...
Looking for tweets for pursue.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
TAHOE, Calif. - The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and numerous conservation organizations will observe Endangered Species Day on May 17 to recognize conservation efforts across the nation aimed at helping America's imperiled species. This year also commemorates the 40th Anniversary of the Endangered Species Act.
Started in 2006 by the United States Congress, Endangered Species Day is a celebration of the nation's rarest plant and animal species. The Youth Art Contest provides students from kindergarten to high school with an opportunity to learn about threatened and endangered species and express their knowledge and support through artwork. Young artists who are home schooled and participate in youth groups are also eligible. Entries must be postmarked by March 15, 2013.
Endangered Species Day Youth Art Contest finalists will be judged by a prestigious panel of artists, photographers and conservationists, including Wyland, renowned marine life artist; Jack Hanna, host of Jack Hanna's Into the Wild; David Littschwager, a freelance photographer and regular contributor to National Geographic Magazine; Susan Middletown, a photographer who has collaborated with Littschwager and whose own work has been published in four books; and Alice Tangerini, botanical illustrator for the Smithsonian Institution.
The International Child Art Foundation (ICAF) will select the 40 semifinalists from thousands of entries. It takes empathy, direct action and awareness to prevent the extinction of endangered species. The Youth Art Contest is a platform to engage the next generation.
Winners will be chosen in four categories: Kindergarten-second grade, grades third-fifth, grades sixth-eighth and grades ninth-12th, and will receive plaques and art supply gift packs. In addition, one grand prize winner will be honored with their name engraved on a special trophy and receive a round-trip flight to Washington, D.C. with one guardian to attend a reception in May. The grand prize winner will also receive art supplies and a special art lesson (via Skype) from Wyland, the artist.
The Youth Art Contest is organized by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Endangered Species Coalition, the Association of Zoos and Aquariums and the International Child Art Foundation. For more information, including judging criteria and an entry form, visit _URL_.
Many of the Service's field and regional offices will be hosting events in their communities and providing unique programs to visitors on endangered species conservation in celebration of Endangered Species Day. For more information visit _URL_
America's fish, wildlife and plant resources belong to all of us, and ensuring the health of imperiled species is a shared responsibility. To learn more about the Service's Endangered Species program, go to _URL_
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
The mission of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is working with others to conserve, protect and enhance fish, wildlife, plants and their habitats for the continuing benefit of the American people. They are both a leader and partner in fish and wildlife conservation, known for scientific excellence, stewardship of lands and natural resources, dedicated professionals and commitment to public service. For more information visit _URL_, connect at _URL_ or follow on Twitter at _URL_


Take the 2-minute tour ×
What I have is a LineItem object and a collection called LineItems that holds LineItem objects. My LineItem objects have a property called ItemDate (DateTime data type) and another property called ItemAmount (decimal data type) and another property called ItemCategory (integer data type).
What I am trying to do is write a function in my collection object that will return the integer category in whichever category has the highest sum(ItemAmount) of that category. For example, if I had this:
Object 1:
Object 2:
Object 3:
OK so in this example, the function should return 2 since ItemCategory 2 had a bigger ItemAmount (535) than ItemCategory 1 (50+25 = 75).
This I know how to do. What makes it harder though is I need it to be able to do this over time, meaning, if an amount has a large amount, like 535, but some other objects have smaller amounts, but there are more of them to closer dates, then it needs to be techically "larger" than the other amount. It is almost like the amount needs to take into account frequency too. $10 amount occuring everyday needs to be "larger" than $500 occuring once a year, even if the $500 is larger than $10 every day. It is almost like I need to look at a month of data through a year's magnifing glass.
I hope this question makes sense.
share|improve this question
Assign the amount a weight based on timespan since last time? – dtb Jul 19 '10 at 17:24
Your description lacks sufficient detail to create an algorithm. Perhaps you need to simply divide the amount by some function (linear, square,...) of the date difference between now and the date it occurred so that near events are worth more? Is it age or frequency you care about? If frequency, over what duration? How do you know if the $500 is a one-off or just the first in a series of $500 payments? etc. etc. – Ian Mercer Jul 19 '10 at 17:26
ok maybe this will help. What I'm doing is creating a.NET program to manage my finances. Whenever I buy stuff, I want to be able to sort the collection on whatever category has the most amount spent. Food is something I buy everyday and therefore my program should track it normally. Once in a while though, I may buy something out of the blue. For example, if I need to buy ink for my printer, then i really don't need to track this because my money is not being "burned" buying ink. It was a "one-time" thing. Even though I might be $100 transaction, it shouldn't track this on a daily basis. – icemanind Jul 19 '10 at 17:45
I guess I only care about tracking stuff that actually occurs more then a few times a week. – icemanind Jul 19 '10 at 17:46
add comment
2 Answers
up vote 1 down vote accepted
Try this:
class ListItem
 internal DateTime When;
 internal decimal Amount;
 internal int Category;
class ListItems
 internal List _items = new List();
 internal int GetCategory(DateTime from, DateTime to)
 Dictionary totals = _items
 .Where(y => y.When >= from && y.When < to)
 .GroupBy(x => x.Category)
 category => category.Key,
 category => category.Sum(item => item.Amount)
 return totals.Keys
 .Where(category => totals[category] == totals.Values.Max())
The Linq's a bit of a mouthful, but if I understand the question correctly, I think it'll work.
share|improve this answer
add comment
Sounds like you might want a traveling window sum: pick a time period (say, 30 days), and track the total of items within that window.
If you just want a single instance (say, 30 days ending right now), of course all you need to do is sum up those items within the window. But, if you want to plot a graph, it is most efficient to sort your items, and perform a running accumulation; add items coming into the window, and subtract items leaving it.
To implement a traveling window, you can use two iterators into a sorted list (the following is pseudocode, not C#):
// initialize
acc= 0.0
for(startP= SortedItems.begin;!startP.last; startP.next) {
 if(startP.item.time > graphstart - timewindow) { break }
for(endP= startP;!endP.last; endP.next) {
 acc += endP.item.value
 if(endP.item.time > graphstart) { break }
// main loop
for(;!endP.last; endP.next) { // advance time window to next item
 endItem= endP.item
 endTime= endItem.time
 for(;!startP.last; startP.next) { // subtract items leaving time window
 startItem= startP.item
 startTime= startItem.time
 if(startTime > endTime - timewindow) { break }
 acc -= startItem.value
 output(startTime + timewindow, acc) // register graph values coming down
 acc += endItem.value
 output(endTime, acc) // register graph value going up
share|improve this answer
add comment
Your Answer


text:
Is Tiger Woods Loss Averse? Persistent Bias in the Face of Experience, Competition, and High Stakes
- Pope and Schweitzer
- A version of the paper can be found here.
- Want a summary of academic papers with alpha? Check out our Academic Research Recap Category!
Although experimental studies have documented systematic decision errors, many leading scholars believe that experience, competition, and large stakes will reliably extinguish biases. We test for the presence of a fundamental bias, loss aversion, in a high-stakes context: professional golfers' performance on the PGA Tour. Golf provides a natural setting to test for loss aversion because golfers are rewarded
for the total number of strokes they take during a tournament, yet each individual hole has a salient reference point, par. We analyze over 2.5 million putts using precise laser measurements and find evidence that even the best golfers—including Tiger Woods—show evidence of loss aversion.
Scoring in golf is fairly simple, you add up the number of shots it takes you to get the ball in the hole. That being said, golfing–like investing–is simple, but not easy:
If the goal is to get the lowest score possible, where every shot counts the same, then every shot is important. In a perfectly efficient market, one would expect that PGA tour players would exhibit the same focus and effort on every shot. Turns out they don't!
This study examines over 2,500,000 putts on the PGA tour from 2004 to 2009. The finding should be a warning beacon for anyone who still believes that behavioral bias can't influence important outcomes: given a similar putt, PGA tour professionals perform better if the putt is for par as opposed to a birdie (i.e., loss aversion).
What is the theory behind this "loss aversion" among professional golfers?
This paper describes it very well:
Rather than make consistent decisions over final wealth states, Kahneman and Tversky (1979) postulate that economic agents evaluate decisions in isolation with respect to a salient reference point. In Prospect Theory, Kahneman and Tversky (1979) propose a reference-dependent theory of choice in which economic agents value gains differently than they value losses in two key ways. First, economic agents value losses more than they value commensurate gains (loss aversion); the "value function" is kinked at the reference point with a steeper gradient for losses than for gains. Second, economic agents are risk seeking in losses and risk averse in gains (risk shift); the utility function is convex in the loss domain and concave in the gain domain.
Here is a picture describing this theory for golf:
The picture above shows that "gains" such as a birdies (relative to par) have less utility (value) than the corresponding "loss" such as bogeys (relative to par). Essentially, "losses" hurt more than "gains."
So how could this affect a golfer?
Let's say I have a 5 foot putt.
- Scenario 1: If this putt is for "birdie" I may focus less than if this putt is for "par." Why? Because the utility, or value derived, from making the birdie putt is relatively small.
- Scenario 2: This putt is for "par". I will be more focused in this situation, because the fear of hitting a bogey is so painful.
The rational solution suggests that every put should get equal attention–they all matter. However, according to loss aversion theory, golfers will be more focused on their par puts than their birdie puts, all else equal.
But how does this affect PGA tour professionals, who should know that every putt counts the same, and who are playing for millions of dollars?
Here is the evidence:
The evidence is stunning, but is perfectly described by prospect theory: given a similar putt for birdie or par, PGA tour professionals make more par putts!
Another prediction is that golfers will be more risk averse when putting for birdie relative to par. This could be tested by examining how hard one hits the ball. It is a fact that you need to at least hit the ball to the hole to make the putt. However, many golfers (including myself) tend to lag the ball up to the hole, leaving the putt short, as the fear of hitting the ball "too far" past the hole makes players lag the putt short of the hole. If golfers are more risk averse for birdie putts, we may expect to find that birdie putts tend to come up short of the hole. The paper examines this idea.
Here is the evidence:
In the above picture, a positive (negative) regression coefficient indicates that birdie putts are more (less) likely to come to rest in the box than par putts. Examining the picture, we find many positive coefficients short of the hole, and many negative coefficient pas the hole. This indicates that PGA tour professionals tend to leave birdie putts short compared to par putts. This is again stunning, as leaving the ball short of the hole gives you "zero" probability of making the putt (I will try to remember this next time I go golfing).
What about the skill of the golfer? From 1998 – 2008, Tiger Woods was the best player in the world.
Did this loss aversion affect Tiger?
Here is a plot of the player's world ranking and their corresponding relative accuracy of birdie putts relative to par putts (a negative number means that the golfer is less accurate for birdie putts relative to par putts):
The above chart shows that most PGA golfers (including Tiger) exhibit this loss aversion, and are less accurate on birdie putts relative to par putts (as shown with the negative coefficients). In theory, competition and incentives should make the PGA tour market more efficient, yet this paper documents that PGA tour professionals exhibit loss aversion bias.
How much did this cost these golfers?
The paper estimates this here:
From this table, it appears that PGA players left hundreds of thousands of dollars on the table, due to their own loss aversion.
Besides potentially helping our own golf games, by reminding us to be less risk averse on birdie putts, can this be extended to other fields?
At Alpha Architect we believe that behavioral biases can affect stock prices, and try to build models to exploit investor bias. The trick while simultaneously trying to contain our own bias.
Let us know what you think, can this be extended to stock markets?
- The views and opinions expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of Alpha Architect, its affiliates or its employees. Our full disclosures are available here. Definitions of common statistics used in our analysis are available here (towards the bottom).
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- This site provides NO information on our value ETFs or our momentum ETFs. Please refer to this site.


text:
|Content of information:||Description:|
Instruction providing information for fault-finding.
Usually, the fault location and diagnosis should be limited to those tasks that the user could reasonably be expected to undertake.
Mandatory content of information:
The following information should be provided:
− list of indications for fault identification and location;
− list of indications showing normal conditions;
− description of built-in diagnostic systems to aid fault detection, when applicable;
− drawings and diagrams enabling maintenance personnel to carry out their task rationally (especially fault detection tasks);
− instructions for noting malfunctions of equipment, noting abnormal symptoms and indications, and recording operation of alarms and trips;
− instructions for starting standby or alternative systems, and for shutting-down and isolating malfunctioning units;
− name, address, telephone number, etc. of the supplier or others from whom technical assistance can be obtained.
|Application area:||Electrical engineering (incl instrumentation and control), Process engineering|
|Activity area:||Implementation and commissioning, Maintenance, service and support|
|Form of presentation:||Z - Composite form|
|Remarks:||Aids for fault diagnosis procedures, such as functionally identified maintenance system (FIMS), fault step diagnosis (FSD), fault step and algorithms, or, in complex systems, fault trees and computer-based fault diagnosis should be considered within the instructions.|
|Applies:||D00018 (XXX Instruction (for the use of an object)) |
|Keywords:||fault-finding instructions, instructions|
|Source references:||IEC 62079:2001|


text:
If you don't like having small 1x1 pixel images in your projects, you can embed the base64 encoded pixel directly in your css or html source files.
We always try to generate the smallest possible PNG image. Our 1x1 transparent pixel for example uses only 68 bytes. If you know how to compress the PNG image any further, please let us know in the comments below.
If you don't need color or alpha you could use a fully transparent 1x1 GIF pixel to save a few more bytes.
Some people argue, that the base64 encoded 1x1 pixel requires more space than the plain PNG image and therefore the PNG image loads faster. That's not quite correct. A colored RGBA PNG pixel requires 70 bytes. If you encode that pixel with base64, the same pixel requires 98 bytes. So a base64 encoded 1x1 PNG pixel wastes 28 bytes.
What people tend to forget is, that now instead of one HTTP request you need two HTTP requests. One for the CSS file and one for the PNG image. HTTP requests are usually bigger than 28 bytes, depending on the used URL and the headers set by the browser and the webserver. So the embedded base64 pixel is sightly faster. But we're talking only about a few bytes anyway.
These pixels come in handy when you need a semi-transparent background. The CSS attribute opacity makes the background and foreground transparent and is inherited by all child elements. Since modern browsers support rgba background colors semi-transparent 1x1 PNG pixels are not as useful as before. But if you want your pages to support old browsers it's still nice to have.


text:
TAKE A MUSLIM TO LUNCH
We all know that 99.9% of Muslims are peaceful, law-abiding citizens that live in our communities. They are surgeons, doctors, nurses, teachers, dentists, scientists, lab technicians and provide other services.
Reach out to a Muslim individual or family and make a difference. I suggest that we can do any of the following:
– take a Muslim to lunch,
-invite a Muslim child to your child's birthday party,
-speak to Muslim parents after school
-invite an Imman to speak at your church or other function
-invite an Imman to speak at schools
-invite a Muslim family to dinner (avoid alcohol/pork)
-drop a kindly written card in a mail box
-put a bumper sticker on your car
History tends to repeat itself – the good and the ugly!
When this hateful anti-Muslim rhetoric is seen on television, we need to speak with our children. I am thinking of how Jews must have felt in Nazi Germany when German citizens turned against them. "Let there be Peace on Earth and Let it Begin with Me." If you are a LGBTI person, you or someone you know has experienced hatred just on the fact that you were born gay or transgendered. We are born into religious families. Be a beacon of peace, tolerance and hope.


Text of the National Defense Rail Connection Act of 2002
This bill was introduced on June 26, 2002, in a previous session of Congress, but was not enacted. The text of the bill below is as of Jun 26, 2002 (Introduced).
Download PDF
Source: GPO
S 2687 IS
2d Session
S. 2687
To facilitate the extension of the Alaska Railroad for national defense purposes.
June 26, 2002
Mr. MURKOWSKI introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
 This act may be cited as the 'National Defense Rail Connection Act of 2002'.
 (a) A comprehensive rail transportation network is a key element of an integrated transportation system for the North American continent, and Federal leadership is required to address the needs of a reliable, safe, and secure rail network, and to connect all areas of the United States for national defense and economic development, as previously done for the interstate highway system, the Federal aviation network, and the transcontinental railroad.
 (b) The creation and use of joint use corridors for rail transportation, fiber optics, pipelines, and utilities are an efficient and appropriate approach to optimizing the Nation's interconnectivity and national security.
 (c) Government assistance and encouragement in the development of the transcontinental rail system successfully led to the growth of economically strong and socially stable communities throughout the western United States.
 (d) Government assistance and encouragement in the development of the Alaska Railroad between Seward, Alaska and Fairbanks, Alaska successfully led to the growth of economically strong and socially stable communities along the route, which today provide homes for over 70 percent of Alaska's total population.
 (e) While Alaska and the remainder of the continental United States has been connected by highway and air transportation, no rail connection exists despite the fact that Alaska is accessible by land routes and is a logical destination for the North American rail system.
 (f) Rail transportation in otherwise isolated areas is an appropriate means of providing controlled access, reducing overall impacts to environmentally sensitive areas over other methods of land-based access.
 (g) Because Congress originally authorized 1,000 miles of rail line to be built in Alaska, and because the system today covers only approximately half that distance, substantially limiting its beneficial effect on the economy of Alaska and the Nation, it is appropriate to support the expansion of the Alaska system to ensure the originally planned benefits are achieved.
 (h) Alaska has an abundance of natural resources, both material and aesthetic, access to which would significantly increase Alaska's contribution to the national economy.
 (i) Alaska contains many key national defense installations, including sites chosen for the construction of the first phase of the National Missile Defense system, the cost of which could be significantly reduced if rail transportation were available for the movement of materials necessary for construction and for the secure movement of launch vehicles, fuel and other operational supplies.
 (j) The 106th Congress recognized the potential benefits of establishing a rail connection to Alaska by enacting legislation to authorize a U.S.-Canada bilateral
commission to study the feasibility of linking the rail system in Alaska to the nearest appropriate point in Canada of the North American rail network.
 (k) In support of pending bilateral activities between the United States and Canada, it is appropriate for the United States to undertake activities relating to elements within the United States.
 (a) Within one year from the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of the Interior, in consultation with the Secretary of Transportation, the State of Alaska and the Alaska Railroad Corporation, shall identify a proposed national defense railroad-utility corridor linking the existing corridor of the Alaska Railroad to the vicinity of the proposed National Missile Defense facilities at Fort Greely, Alaska. The corridor shall be at least 500 feet wide and shall also identify land for such terminals, stations, maintenance facilities, switching yards, and material sites as are considered necessary.
 (b) The identification of the corridor under paragraph (a) shall include information providing a complete legal description for and noting the current ownership of the proposed corridor and associated land.
 (c) In identifying the corridor under paragraph (a), the Secretary shall consider, at a minimum, the following factors:
 (1) The proximity of national defense installations and national defense considerations.
 (2) The location of and access to natural resources that could contribute to economic development of the region.
 (3) Grade and alignment standards that are commensurate with rail and utility construction standards and that minimize the prospect of at-grade railroad and highway crossings.
 (4) Availability of construction materials.
 (5) Safety.
 (6) Effects on and service to adjacent communities and potential intermodal transportation connections.
 (7) Environmental concerns.
 (8) Use of public land to the maximum degree possible.
 (9) Minimization of probable construction costs.
 (10) An estimate of probable construction costs and methods of financing such costs through a combination of private, State, and Federal sources.
 (11) Appropriate utility elements for the corridor, including but not limited to petroleum product pipelines, fiber-optic telecommunication facilities, and electrical power transmission lines.
 (12) Prior and established traditional uses.
 (d) The Secretary may, as part of the corridor identification, include issues related to the further extension of such corridor to a connection with the nearest appropriate terminus of the North American rail network in Canada.
 (a) The Secretary of the Interior shall--
 (1) upon completion of the corridor identification in section 3, negotiate the acquisition of any lands in the corridor which are not federally owned through an exchange for lands of equal or greater value held by the Federal Government elsewhere in Alaska; and
 (2) upon completion of the acquisition of lands under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall convey to the Alaska Railroad Corporation, subject to valid existing rights, title to the lands identified under section 3 as necessary to complete the national defense railroad-utility corridor, on condition that the Alaska Railroad Corporation construct in the corridor an extension of the railroad system to the vicinity of the proposed national missile defense installation at Fort Greely, Alaska, together with such other utilities, including but not limited to fiber-optic transmission lines and electrical transmission lines, as it considers necessary and appropriate. The Federal interest in lands conveyed to the Alaska Railroad Corporation under this Act shall be the same as in lands conveyed pursuant to the Alaska Railroad Transfer Act (45 U.S.C. 1201 et seq.).
 Actions authorized in this Act shall proceed immediately and to conclusion not withstanding the land-use planning provisions of section 202 of the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976, Public Law 94-579.


text:
No, they're not. That doesn't mean that cheap plastics are used; in fact, the non-glass elements are usually considerably more expensive (and more difficult to produce) than the optical glass elements.
Optical glasses are made in a number of different formulations (such as crown glass and flint glass) that have different optical properties, including different indices of refraction (which has the effect of bending light more or less with the same shape of lens) and different dispersion characteristics (the amount that the light spectrum is spread out). No single lens is perfect, so multiple elements of different shapes and optical characteristics are used to correct one another.
The corrective elements are often made of exotic non-glass crystals, like fluorite. Less often, aspherical molded elements are cast from an optical resin (plastic, if you prefer) bonded onto a more conventional glass element. (These days, the cast aspherical elements are more likely to be glass, not so much because resin is a bad thing, but because of the consumer acceptance factor. The main problem with resin lenses is that they are easily scratched or pitted, which is not really a problem when the element is buried deep within the lens body.) These non-glass elements are usually found in better, more expensive (and longer) lenses, usually to reduce chromatic aberration and approach true apochromaticity.


text:
I need a webcrawler in 2 parts:
1. Can scan for specific or similar text phrases/sentences, like a product description, this could be up to 2-300 words and the crawler will find online if someone copied it or used a passage from the original text. There will be many different text pieces added and crawler should keep searching/scanning for them all.
2. Image finder, this part can scan for same or similar images online to find if someone is using the original image. Maybe even find similar images, where a part has been used or edited. There will be many different original image added and crawler should keep searching/scanning for them all. Some of them might have a watermark, making it easier to find.
A daily report should show any findings.
Let me know what questions you might have.
I am ready to start your work right now. I will impress you with my work and will do good job for you. 10 Year experienced in Excel, word, typing, data scraping, Web scraping.


text:
Statements are used when you allow a customer to accumulate charges before requesting payment, or if
you assess a regular monthly charge. When you're ready, such as at the end of the month or when you've
accumulated charges, you can print a billing statement to send to your customers.
For example, you can use a billing statement to:
bill your customers on a regular basis, such as monthly.
send a customer a reminder of past-due charges.
charge your customers for a regular service.
How can I use billing statements?


Join Us
Viking Explorers
Viking ships were called longships.
Viking Explorers
The Vikings had explored more of the world than anyone else of their era. Viking explorers were Norse warriors, traders and pirates who raided, explored, traded and settled in wide areas of Europe including Great Britain and Ireland. The Vikings came from Norway, Sweden and Denmark and were great sailors. Unlike most people of the time they were able to navigate by the stars and so cross great oceans. They traveled as far as North America, Africa and the Near East, and colonized Iceland and Greenland. All Vikings were required to own weapons as well as permitted to carry them all the time.
How were Viking ships powered?
Sails only
Oars only
Sails and oars
When the wind dropped the men would row the ship
Who found Greenland?
Eric the Red
Leif Ericsson
Fred the Blue
Thorfinn Karlsefni
Eric got his nickname from the color of his hair and beard
How many men could a Viking ship hold?
There were different sized longships but the biggest could carry around 80 men
How far East did the Vikings travel?
The Vikings traveled all over Europe, and into Asia. They bought things like silk, spices and wine, and sold honey, wool, fur, and walrus ivory
Why did the Vikings leave their North American settlement?
It was too cold
There was no farming land
Fights with Indians
They were homesick
The Vikings returned to North America to trade and to gather timber but they stopped living there
When did the Vikings settle in Iceland?
In the late 400s
In the late 600s
In the late 800s
In the late 1000s
Before the Vikings arrived nobody lived in Iceland
Who first landed in North America?
Eric the Red
Leif Ericsson
Fred the Blue
Thorfinn Karlsefni
Leif was the son of Eric the Red. He discovered America 500 years before Christopher Columbus
What was the name of the Viking ships?
Longships were the best ships in the world at the time. They were used by the Vikings for troop transports rather than for fighting
How did Vikings navigate?
With a compass
They used the sun and stars
With a sundial
They used sonar
As well as using the sun and stars, Vikings found their way by following the coasts or looking for landmarks like islands or mountains
Why did the Vikings roam?
To trade with other countries
To find new land to settle
To raid and steal gold and silver
All of these
The land in Scandinavia - where Vikings came from - was difficult to farm so they looked for other ways to survive
Author: Amanda Swift
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Lamprecht Christoph > Tk-GraphItems > Tk::GraphItems
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Module Version: 0.12 Source
Tk::GraphItems - Display relation-graphs on a Tk::Canvas
Tk::GraphItems provides objects TextBox, Circle and Connector to display nodes and edges of given relation-graph models on a Tk::Canvas widget. Tk::GraphItems contain a dependency mechanism to ensure, that edges are updated on changes of position or size of their sourceand target-nodes. Edges have view-properties like colour, width, direction(arrows). Nodes support (bg)colour and text (can be multiline). Nodes can be moved and placed programmatically or with drag/drop. To make integration into existing graph-implementations easier, Tk::GraphItems contains a simple tie-module to tie the nodes coordsgetter-/setter - methods to given Variables in the underlying model. Bindings to Tk-Events can be set so it's easy to implement e.g. context-menus for the objects.
Tk::GraphItems supports the following methods:
TextBox( canvas=>$can, text=>"new_node", x =>50, y =>50 )
Create a new Tk::GraphItems::TextBox instance and display it on the Canvas.
Circle( canvas => $can, colour => $a_TkColor, size => $size_pixels, x => 50, y => 50 )
Create a new Tk::GraphItems::Circle instance and display it on the Canvas.
Connector( source=> $source_node, target=> $target_node )
Create a new Tk::GraphItems::Connector instance.
Documentation of Tk::GraphItems::TextBox, Tk::GraphItems::Connector and Tk::GraphItems::Circle.
Examples can be found in Tk/GraphItems/Examples/
Demonstrates how to set up mouse bindings to create nodes and edges. Adds a context menu binding to nodes.
Create a 'Graph' object by clicking/dragging and watch Graph::Layout::Aesthetic arranging the nodes.
Christoph Lamprecht,
Copyright (C) 2007 by Christoph Lamprecht
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text:
*Safety Procedures at Bus Stops*
* * * EFFECTIVE IMMEDIATELY * * *
All bus drivers must now use the existing hand signal for all students - both right side and left side.
The use of the door alone as a signal for right side students to approach the bus has a critical flaw:
1. The driver must open the door to activate the red lights, and then...
2. The driver needs to ensure traffic has stopped before signaling to the students to approach the bus. Clearly, the door opening cannot stand alone as the appropriate signal - since traffic does not know they need to stop until the door is open and the red lights are on.
In addition, remember that students should be at their designated place of safety 5 minutes before the bus is due to arrive.
*per e-mail received from the ODE, 1/31/12


text:
Date: 9/2/96 at 22:52:58 From: Mohd Nasir Mahmud Subject: Radians Dear Sir, Could you tell me why pi radians = 180 degrees?
Date: 10/24/96 at 16:5:50 From: Doctor Jaime Subject: Radians This is an immediate consequence of the definition of radians and degrees. In fact 1 radian is defined as the central angle subtended by the arc of length 1 on a unit circle. 1 degree is the central angle subtended by (1/360)th of the circumference of a unit circle. This measure dates back to the Babylonians, who used a base 60 number system. Since the circumference of the unit circle is 2 Pi, it follows that there are 2 Pi radians in 360 degrees, or Pi radians = 180 degrees. -Doctor Jaime, The Math Forum Check out our web site! _URL_
Search the Dr. Math Library:
Ask Dr. MathTM
© _PHONE_ The Math Forum


Strange Superstitions From Around The World.
Strange Superstitions From Around The World. 4
There are various believes prevalent among various sections of society throughout the World that lack any logical or scientific explanation, such practices and beliefs are superstitions. They emerge as a result of past culture and trend which might have had an explanation in past but is not valid in today's conditions. Despite any proper explanation people belief it mainly due to their inner fears from the bad omens.
Good Luck Horseshoe:
horseIt has been considered lucky since many years as it is made of iron which is considered to protect against evil spirits and was traditionally held using seven nails as seven being a lucky number. This horseshoe is put on the entrances, but there are confusions regarding where the opening of the horseshoe should be. Some say it should be opened upwards to attract good luck while others argue it to open downwards so that good luck falls on all those who enter the house.
Unlucky Friday 13th:
fridayFriday 13th is considered as the unluckiest day of the year in the US by millions of people, and they avoid traveling or conducting other such tasks fearing the bad omens that may arise. In Gregorian calendar, Friday 13 comes up at-least once a year and can even stretch up to thrice a year.
Lucky/Unlucky black cats:
There are varying views regarding black cats ranging from the prosperity providers in Scots or Celtic Mythology to signs of bad omens in western history as symbols of being familiar to witches. Some even believe that looking at a black cat from the front brings luck and prosperity while looking from back side takes away the good luck.
Unluckiness of 4, 14, 24….
4 chineseAccording to the Chinese culture, such numbers are unlucky as the pronunciation of these numbers, and that of death is quite similar in the Chinese language. These numbers are skipped out while allotting numbers to any numbered item.
Death fans of Korea:
death fanThis a misconception that exists in Korea, according to this running an electric fan in closed room can cause death. The emergence of this death fan theory remains unclear but according to one conspiracy theory, it was the Government who created such misconceptions to avoid electricity wastage to curb in a power crisis. It is believed by some that the presence of circular moving fan brings in right circumstances for one's death.
Eclipses as bad omen:
eclipsesEclipses are considered evil omens that bring with them death, disaster, and destruction. People believe that to overcome any bad luck they should observe fast, stay indoors, and should only engage in religious activities. Special prevention is taken for the safety of pregnant ladies as it is considered even more disastrous for them.
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Why Co-Education is Better? 16
Why Co-Education is Better?
Irrfan Khan Controversy over Ramzan: " Clerics Don't Scare Me" 17
Irrfan Khan Controversy over Ramzan: " Clerics Don't Scare Me"


text:
Meaning of RD
What Does RD Mean? (Using RD Online)RD means "Real Deal".
Summary of Key Points
Definition for RDRD means "Real Deal". This is the most common definition for RD on Snapchat, WhatsApp, Facebook, and Twitter. Here is some more information about RD:
Adults and Teenagers
A Text with RD
Using RD on a Cell Phone (SMS Texts, Whatsapp, and Yubl)


text:
Tyrone Berger, "Growing Union: Changing face of the Hague Agreement"
Designs laws are frequently described as the least harmonised of all of the intellectual property regimes, internationally. As a consequence, there remains real flexibility for countries to prescribe national requirements for design protection, in contrast to other regimes. The diversity in national approaches is partly a reflection of divergent philosophies towards design protection, and partly a result of the practical difficulties that exist for countries implementing systems of legal protection. Yet, in globalised markets there has been increasing pressure for harmonisation of intellectual property regimes. Although the Hague Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Industrial Designs (Hague Agreement) represents an effort to internationalise a sui generis design system, it does not provide for any harmonised standards for the type of protection that Contracting Parties provide to designs. Presently, there are 34 Contracting Parties to the 1960 Hague Act and 50 Contracting Parties to the 1999 Geneva Act. In many instances, countries re-signed in 1999 from either the 1960 Hague Act, or the earlier 1934 London Act. As at 13 January 2016, there are a total of 65 members to the Hague Agreement. Recent accessions include the United States, Japan and the Republic of Korea; while the United Kingdom (UK) has declared that it will accede in late 2016 after a public consultation in 2015. This paper surveys the Hague Yearly Review– an empirical snapshot produced by WIPO each year – to examine the changing face of the Hague Union, and assess whether the Hague Agreement does more than just facilitate international designs protection.


text:
In eutrophic lakes, macrophytes can improve water quality through their uptake of excess nutrients and by stimulating microorganism activity, particularly for nitrogen (through nitrification and denitrification). However, some adverse effects of macrophytes are of concern, including accumulation of sedimentary organic carbon, decreasing dissolved oxygen concentration, and increasing greenhouse gas emissions. Accordingly, restoration of macrophytes in littoral zones should consider the overall effects of macrophytes on the surrounding environment. Here, the effects of emergent macrophytes on water quality, sedimentary organic carbon characteristics, and greenhouse gas emissions were investigated in a eutrophic lake (Lake Hachiro, Japan). Field surveys were conducted both inside and outside nine emergent macrophyte zones in July and November 2017; the results demonstrated no significant differences in oxygen concentration, sedimentary organic carbon accumulation, or fatty acid biomarker profiles over the surveyed period. This indicates that emergent macrophytes had no detrimental effects on the benthic environment of Lake Hachiro. In addition, significant reduction in nitrate concentration was confirmed in the artificially restored Zizania latifolia community based on a field chamber experiment. This was likely associated with increased microbial activity, as evidenced by the contemporaneous observation of increased emissions of N2O gas (a byproduct of denitrification and nitrification processes) inside the areas with vegetation cover. The N2O gas emissions observed here were considerably lower than those reported previously for wastewater treatment facilities (e.g., constructed wetlands). This study demonstrates that restoring macrophytes did not have a negative influence on the benthic environment in this eutrophic lake. Elucidating the mechanisms underlying this lack of degradation of benthic conditions will help ensure that future restoration of macrophyte cover can be undertaken in the littoral zones of eutrophic lakes without any corresponding detrimental impacts.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Environmental Engineering
- Nature and Landscape Conservation
- Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law


text:
Simple technique appears to be safe and effective, review suggests
By Robert Preidt
MONDAY, Oct. 15 (HealthDay News) -- A technique called the "mother's kiss" is a safe and effective way to remove foreign objects from the nostrils of young children, according to British researchers.
In the mother's kiss, a child's mother or other trusted adult covers the child's mouth with their mouth to form a seal, blocks the clear nostril with their finger, and then blows into the child's mouth. The pressure from the breath may expel the object in the blocked nostril.
Before using it, the adult should explain the technique to the child so that he or she is not frightened. If the first attempt is unsuccessful, the technique can be tried several times, according to a review published in the current issue of the CMAJ (Canadian Medical Association Journal).
For their report, researchers in Australia and the United Kingdom examined eight case studies in which the mother's kiss was used on children aged 1 to 8 years.
"The mother's kiss appears to be a safe and effective technique for first-line treatment in the removal of a foreign body from the nasal cavity," Dr. Stephanie Cook, of the Buxted Medical Centre in England, and colleagues concluded. "In addition, it may prevent the need for general anesthesia in some cases."
Further research is needed to compare various positive-pressure techniques and test how effective they are in different situations where objects are in various locations and have spent different lengths of time in the nasal passages, the researchers noted in a journal news release.
The U.S. National Library of Medicine has more about foreign objects in the nose.
SOURCE: CMAJ (Canadian Medical Association Journal), news release, Oct. 15, 2012
Copyright © 2012 HealthDay. All rights reserved. URL:_URL_


text:
This is a close-up image of the Pwyll crater taken by the Galileo spacecraft.
Click on image for full size
Image courtesy of NASA
Now let's discuss some of the geologic evidence for an ocean. We will not cover all the fine details which geologists are studying, just some of the major points. The first piece of evidence comes from a look at some of the craters. Some craters in particular exhibit a multi-ringed structure which suggests that whatever hit the surface of Europa relaxed into a warm layer of slushy ice. An example of such a crater is shown in this image. This is the crater called Pwyll. This crater is reminiscent of a footprint left in a partially frozen puddle in the sidewalk on a snowy day.
This is page 6 of 20
Shop Windows to the Universe Science Store!
Learn about Earth and space science, and have fun while doing it! The games
section of our online store
includes a climate change card game
and the Traveling Nitrogen game


Figure 3.
Maltreated animals have reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) in the corpus callosum. (A) Cluster of voxels (red) in right corpus callosum represents the region where maltreated animals had significantly lower FA than controls (p < 0.005, uncorrected, ≥ 10 μL volume). In insets, green represents the mean FA skeleton. (B) FA in the corpus callosum is negatively correlated with basal cortisol at one month of age (r = −0.512, P = 0.025).
Download authors' original image


text:
Frank Broz, Illah Nourbakhsh, Reid Simmons
In order to interact successfully in social situations, a robot must be able to observe others' actions and base its own behavior on its beliefs about their intentions. Many interactions take place in dynamic environments, and the outcomes of people's or the robot's actions may be time-dependent. In this paper, such interactions are modeled as a POMDP with a time index as part of the state, resulting in a fully Markov model with a potentially very large state space. The complexity of finding even an approximate solution often limits POMDP's practical applicability for large problems. This difficulty is addressed through the development of an algorithm for aggregating states in POMDPs with a time-indexed state space. States that represent the same physical configuration of the environment at different times are chosen to be combined using reward-based metrics, preserving the structure of the original model while producing a smaller model that is faster to solve. We demonstrate that solving the aggregated model produces a policy with performance comparable to the policy from the original model. The example domains used are a simulated elevator-riding task and a simulated driving task based on data collected from human drivers.
Subjects: 1.11 Planning; 3.6 Temporal Reasoning
Submitted: Apr 15, 2008


text:
Make your FCP existence a seamless one when simultaneously running FCP 7 and FCP X!
If you're thinking about purchasing FCP X and its accompanying Final Cut Studio applications (Motion 5 and Compressor 4), you are probably aware that you can also run FCP 7 and the Final Cut Studio 3 applications on the same machine. However, there are several considerations and limitations you'll need to be aware of if you want to effectively run both groups of applications. This video tutorial takes you through all of the in's and out's of seamlessly running each collection of software.
This Final Cut Pro X video tutorial will help you:
- Understand the limitations of installing and running FCP 7 and FCP X on the same system
- Create and establish the correct folder hierarchy within OS X when moving from using FCP 7 to FCP X, and vice versa
- Understand the rules for storing FCP icons in the Mac OS X dock
- Understand how to appropriately round-trip FCP Studio applications
- Understand the rules for launching FCP 7 and FCP X


text:
ARH 170 Projective Drawing & Perspective
Practice rigorously constructed architectural drawings to develop three-dimensional thinking and communication skills. You'll learn to use line and composition techniques to articulate details that reinforce the building design and help you communicate design intent.
Course Learning Outcomes
- Apply measurement and scale in a variety of drawing types, including plans, sections, elevations, axonometric, and perspective drawings.
- Find and apply correspondence of dimension and position between multi-view architectural drawings.
- Articulate and indicate in drawings an understanding of the difference between axonometric and perspective drawing types.
- Exhibit an understanding of the principles and constructive elements of perspective drawing construction.
- Use critical vocabulary to describe and construct different drawing types.
- Accurately construct multi-view, paraline, and perspective drawings to describe a simple architectural project.


text:
A customized semantic service retrieval methodology for the digital ecosystems environment
MetadataShow full item record
With the emergence of the Web and its pervasive intrusion on individuals, organizations, businesses etc., people now realize that they are living in a digital environment analogous to the ecological ecosystem. Consequently, no individual or organization can ignore the huge impact of the Web on social well-being, growth and prosperity, or the changes that it has brought about to the world economy, transforming it from a self-contained, isolated, and static environment to an open, connected, dynamic environment. Recently, the European Union initiated a research vision in relation to this ubiquitous digital environment, known as Digital (Business) Ecosystems. In the Digital Ecosystems environment, there exist ubiquitous and heterogeneous species, and ubiquitous, heterogeneous, context-dependent and dynamic services provided or requested by species. Nevertheless, existing commercial search engines lack sufficient semantic supports, which cannot be employed to disambiguate user queries and cannot provide trustworthy and reliable service retrieval. Furthermore, current semantic service retrieval research focuses on service retrieval in the Web service field, which cannot provide requested service retrieval functions that take into account the features of Digital Ecosystem services. Hence, in this thesis, we propose a customized semantic service retrieval methodology, enabling trustworthy and reliable service retrieval in the Digital Ecosystems environment, by considering the heterogeneous, context-dependent and dynamic nature of services and the heterogeneous and dynamic nature of service providers and service requesters in Digital Ecosystems.The customized semantic service retrieval methodology comprises: 1) a service information discovery, annotation and classification methodology; 2) a service retrieval methodology; 3) a service concept recommendation methodology; 4) a quality of service (QoS) evaluation and service ranking methodology; and 5) a service domain knowledge updating, and service-provider-based Service Description Entity (SDE) metadata publishing, maintenance and classification methodology.The service information discovery, annotation and classification methodology is designed for discovering ubiquitous service information from the Web, annotating the discovered service information with ontology mark-up languages, and classifying the annotated service information by means of specific service domain knowledge, taking into account the heterogeneous and context-dependent nature of Digital Ecosystem services and the heterogeneous nature of service providers. The methodology is realized by the prototype of a Semantic Crawler, the aim of which is to discover service advertisements and service provider profiles from webpages, and annotating the information with service domain ontologies.The service retrieval methodology enables service requesters to precisely retrieve the annotated service information, taking into account the heterogeneous nature of Digital Ecosystem service requesters. The methodology is presented by the prototype of a Service Search Engine. Since service requesters can be divided according to the group which has relevant knowledge with regard to their service requests, and the group which does not have relevant knowledge with regard to their service requests, we respectively provide two different service retrieval modules. The module for the first group enables service requesters to directly retrieve service information by querying its attributes. The module for the second group enables service requesters to interact with the search engine to denote their queries by means of service domain knowledge, and then retrieve service information based on the denoted queries.The service concept recommendation methodology concerns the issue of incomplete or incorrect queries. The methodology enables the search engine to recommend relevant concepts to service requesters, once they find that the service concepts eventually selected cannot be used to denote their service requests. We premise that there is some extent of overlap between the selected concepts and the concepts denoting service requests, as a result of the impact of service requesters' understandings of service requests on the selected concepts by a series of human-computer interactions. Therefore, a semantic similarity model is designed that seeks semantically similar concepts based on selected concepts.The QoS evaluation and service ranking methodology is proposed to allow service requesters to evaluate the trustworthiness of a service advertisement and rank retrieved service advertisements based on their QoS values, taking into account the contextdependent nature of services in Digital Ecosystems. The core of this methodology is an extended CCCI (Correlation of Interaction, Correlation of Criterion, Clarity of Criterion, and Importance of Criterion) metrics, which allows a service requester to evaluate the performance of a service provider in a service transaction based on QoS evaluation criteria in a specific service domain. The evaluation result is then incorporated with the previous results to produce the eventual QoS value of the service advertisement in a service domain. Service requesters can rank service advertisements by considering their QoS values under each criterion in a service domain.The methodology for service domain knowledge updating, service-provider-based SDE metadata publishing, maintenance, and classification is initiated to allow: 1) knowledge users to update service domain ontologies employed in the service retrieval methodology, taking into account the dynamic nature of services in Digital Ecosystems; and 2) service providers to update their service profiles and manually annotate their published service advertisements by means of service domain knowledge, taking into account the dynamic nature of service providers in Digital Ecosystems. The methodology for service domain knowledge updating is realized by a voting system for any proposals for changes in service domain knowledge, and by assigning different weights to the votes of domain experts and normal users.In order to validate the customized semantic service retrieval methodology, we build a prototype – a Customized Semantic Service Search Engine. Based on the prototype, we test the mathematical algorithms involved in the methodology by a simulation approach and validate the proposed functions of the methodology by a functional testing approach.
Showing items related by title, author, creator and subject.
Dong, Hai; Hussain, Farookh Khadeer (2011)The vision of Digital Ecosystems was initiated by the European Commission, with the purpose of constructing an information and communication technology environment to facilitate the sustainable development of small and...
Dong, Hai; Hussain, Farookh Khadeer; Chang, Elizabeth (2011)A digital ecosystem is a widespread type of ubiquitous computing environment comprised of ubiquitous, geographically dispersed, and heterogeneous species, technologies and services. As a subdomain of the digital ecosystems,...
A service concept recommendation system for enhancing the dependability of semantic service matchmakers in the service ecosystem environmentDong, Hai; Hussain, Farookh Khadeer; Chang, Elizabeth (2010)A Service Ecosystem is a biological view of the business and software environment, which is comprised of a Service Use Ecosystem and a Service Supply Ecosystem. Service matchmakers play an important role in ensuring the...


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Alpha-beta pruning is a search algorithm which seeks to reduce the number of nodes that are evaluated in the search tree by the minimax algorithm. In Computer science, a search algorithm, broadly speaking is an Algorithm that takes a problem as Input and returns a solution to the problem usually If you're looking for game tree as it's used in game theory (not combinatorial game theory please see Extensive form game. Minimax (sometimes minmax) is a decision rule used in Decision theory, Game theory, Statistics and Philosophy for mini mizing It is a search with adversary algorithm used commonly for machine playing of two-player games (Tic-tac-toe, Chess, Go, etc. Chess is a recreational and competitive Game played between two players. ). It stops completely evaluating a move when at least one possibility has been found that proves the move to be worse than a previously examined move. Such moves need not be evaluated further. Alpha-beta pruning is a sound optimization in that it does not change the result of the algorithm it optimizes.
Allen Newell and Herbert Simon who used what John McCarthy calls an "approximation" in 1958 wrote that alpha-beta "appears to have been reinvented a number of times". Allen Newell ( March 19, 1927 - July 19, 1992) was a researcher in Computer science and Cognitive psychology at the Herbert Alexander Simon ( June 15, 1916 February 9, 2001) was an American Political scientist whose research ranged John McCarthy (born September 4, 1927, in Boston, Massachusetts) is an American Computer scientist and Cognitive Arthur Samuel had an early version and Richards, Hart, Levine and/or Edwards found alpha-beta independently in the United States. Arthur L Samuel (1901 – July 29, 1990) was a pioneer in the field of computer gaming and artificial intelligence The United States of America —commonly referred to as the McCarthy proposed similar ideas during the Dartmouth Conference in 1956 and suggested it to a group of his students including Alan Kotok at MIT in 1961. The Dartmouth Summer Research Conference on Artificial Intelligence was the name of a conference now considered the seminal event for Artificial intelligence as a This article is about Alan Kotok who was associate chair of W3C. Alexander Brudno independently discovered the alpha-beta algorithm, publishing his results in 1963. Alexander Brudno ( Aleksandr L'vovich Brudno) (Александр Львович Брудно (born 1918 is a Russian computer scientist, best known for Donald Knuth and Ronald W. Donald Ervin Knuth (kəˈnuːθ (born 10 January 1938) is a renowned computer scientist and Professor Emeritus of the Art of Computer Moore refined the algorithm In 1975 and it continued to be advanced.
The benefit of alpha-beta pruning lies in the fact that branches of the search tree can be eliminated. The search time can in this way be limited to the'more promising' subtree, and a deeper search can be performed in the same time. Like its predecessor, it belongs to the branch and bound class of algorithms. Branch and bound (BB is a general Algorithm for finding optimal solutions of various optimization problems especially in discrete and Combinatorial The optimization reduces the effective depth to slightly more than half that of simple minimax if the nodes are evaluated in an optimal or near optimal order (best choice for side on move ordered first at each node).
With an (average or constant) branching factor of b, and a search depth of d ply, the maximum number of leaf node positions evaluated (when the move ordering is pessimal) is O(b*b*. In Computing, Tree data structures and Game theory, the branching factor is the number of children of each node. In two-player Sequential games a ply refers to one turn taken by one of the players In mathematics big O notation (so called because it uses the symbol O) describes the limiting behavior of a function for very small or very large arguments.. *b) = O(bd) – the same as a simple minimax search. If the move ordering for the search is optimal (meaning the best moves always searched first), the number of positions searched is about O(b*1*b*1*... *b) for odd depth and O(b*1*b*1*... *1) for even depth, or. In the latter case, the effective branching factor is reduced to its square root, or, equivalently, the search can go twice as deep with the same amount of computation. In Mathematics, a square root of a number x is a number r such that r 2 = x, or in words a number r whose The explanation of b*1*b*1*... is that all the first player's moves must be studied to find the best one, but for each, only the best second player's move is needed to refute all but the first (and best) first player move – alpha-beta ensures no other second player moves need be considered. If b=40 (as in chess), and the search depth is 12 ply, the ratio between optimal and pessimal sorting is a factor of nearly 406 or about 4 billion times.
Normally during alpha-beta, the subtrees are temporarily dominated by either a first player advantage (when many first player moves are good, and at each search depth the first move checked by the first player is adequate, but all second player responses are required to try and find a refutation), or vice versa. This advantage can switch sides many times during the search if the move ordering is incorrect, each time leading to inefficiency. As the number of positions searched decreases exponentially each move nearer the current position, it is worth spending considerable effort on sorting early moves. An improved sort at any depth will exponentially reduce the total number of positions searched, but sorting all positions at depths near the root node is relatively cheap as there are so few of them. In practice, the move ordering is often determined by the results of earlier, smaller searches, such as through iterative deepening. Iterative deepening depth-first search (IDDFS is a State space search strategy in which a Depth-limited search is run repeatedly increasing the depth limit with
The algorithm maintains two values, alpha and beta, which represent the minimum score that the maximizing player is assured of and the maximum score that the minimizing player is assured of respectively. Initially alpha is negative infinity and beta is positive infinity. As the recursion progresses the "window" becomes smaller. When beta becomes less than alpha, it means that the current position cannot be the result of best play by both players and hence need not be explored further.
function alphabeta(node, depth, α, β) (* β represents previous player best choice - doesn't want it if α would worsen it *) if node is a terminal node or depth = 0 return the heuristic value of node foreach child of node α := max(α, -alphabeta(child, depth-1, -β, -α)) (* use symmetry, -β becomes subsequently pruned α *) if β≤α break (* Beta cut-off *) return α
Further improvement can be achieved without sacrificing accuracy, by using ordering heuristics to search parts of the tree that are likely to force alpha-beta cutoffs early. Pseudocode is a compact and informal high-level description of a Computer programming Algorithm that uses the structural conventions of some Programming language heuristic (hyu̇-ˈris-tik is a method to help solve a problem commonly an informal method For example, in chess, moves that take pieces may be examined before moves that do not, or moves that have scored highly in earlier passes through the game-tree analysis may be evaluated before others. Iterative deepening depth-first search (IDDFS is a State space search strategy in which a Depth-limited search is run repeatedly increasing the depth limit with Another common, and very cheap, heuristic is the killer heuristic, where the last move that caused a beta-cutoff at the same level in the tree search is always examined first. In competitive two-player games the killer heuristic is a technique for improving the efficiency of Alpha-beta pruning, which in turn improves the efficiency of the This idea can be generalized into a set of refutation tables.
Alpha-beta search can be made even faster by considering only a narrow search window (generally determined by guesswork based on experience). This is known as aspiration search. In the extreme case, the search is performed with alpha and beta equal; a technique known as zero-window search, null-window search, or scout search. This is particularly useful for win/loss searches near the end of a game where the extra depth gained from the narrow window and a simple win/loss evaluation function may lead to a conclusive result. If an aspiration search fails, it is straightforward to detect whether it failed high (high edge of window was too low) or low (lower edge of window was too high). This gives information about what window values might be useful in a re-search of the position.
More advanced algorithms that are even faster while still being able to compute the exact minimax value are known, such as Negascout and MTD-f. NegaScout or Principal Variation Search is a Negamax algorithm that can be faster than Alpha-beta pruning. MTD(f, an abbreviation of MTD(nf (Memory-enhanced Test Driver with node n and value f is a Minimax search algorithm better than the basic Alpha-beta pruning algorithm
Since the minimax algorithm and its variants are inherently depth-first, a strategy such as iterative deepening is usually used in conjunction with alpha-beta so that a reasonably good move can be returned even if the algorithm is interrupted before it has finished execution. Depth-first


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What is the Catch-up Premium?
The literacy and numeracy catch-up premium gives schools additional funding to support Year 7 pupils who did not achieve the expected standard in reading or maths at the end of Key Stage 2.
The purpose of this funding is to enable schools to deliver additional support, such as extra resources, individual tuition or intensive support in small groups, for those students that most need it.
Principles of Catch-up Premium Funding at Calderstones
At Calderstones we use this extra funding to provide additional support to pupils in Year 7 in order to ensure they make progress more quickly so that they are able to reach their full potential. We assess the needs of individual pupils to decide the best way to use the funding. Examples cited by the Department for Education (DfE) as to how this funding might be used include:
- individual tuition
- intensive small-group tuition
- external services and materials
- summer schools that help students catch up over a short period of time
You can find examples of effective approaches and programmes in the DfE's summary of research into literacy and numeracy catch-up strategies. The Education Endowment Foundation also provides evidence-based information on Reading at the Transition.
The school is also able to access the results of Key Stage 2 SATS on a question-by-question level basis. This means that members of staff are able to target individual students in specific ways and develop more bespoke intervention packages than they have in the past.


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Vernon business classes observe Week of Respect
In conjunction with the mandate by the State of New Jersey to observe a Week of Respect during the first week in October, Mrs. Kathie Belli's classes at Vernon Township High School completed related activities on their class wikis and glogster accounts.
Students responded each day to a different prompt, including providing individual feedback about a simple quote, interpreting a fable to find the moral of the story, extolling the virtues of someone they admire, viewing and reacting to a bullying video, and creating an online Respect glog.
School districts are directed to observe the week by providing age-appropriate instruction focusing on preventing harassment, intimidation, or bullying. Throughout the school year, districts are expected to provide similar instruction in accordance with the New Jersey Core Curriculum Content Standards.


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Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia
Departamento de Química
Teacher in charge
António Gil de Oliveira Santos
Overview of modern computational methods in Chemistry. The student should be able to select and apply the best theoretical model on the resolution of real chemical problems. Understanding computational methods to encode chemical structures and reactions. Training on chemical databases. Development of skills on structure-property relationships.
Good knowledge of Organic and Physical Chemistry. Basic knowledge of Mathematics.
Computational Molecular Modelling. Molecular Mechanics. Electronic methods. Approaches to the Shrödinger equation solutions. Ab-initio methods. Hartree-Fock theory. Semi-empirical methods. Pos-Hartree-Fock methods. Electronic correlation. Concept of basis set. Concept of theoretical model. Applications on the resolution of simple problems.
Representation of chemical structures: linear notations, molecular graphs, connectivity tables, Markush structures, molecular fragments, fingerprints and hash codes. Representation of chemical reactions. Searching databases with structures and reactions. Structural descriptors. QSPR methods.
Classes use modern multimedia techniques. Students have access to desktop computers with software for 3D modelling and visualization as well as to the computer clusters working in our Department.
Evaluation of the performance during the classes (60%) and one final written examination (40%).


Dynamic Pelvic MRI
For many of the 400,000 women who experience pelvic floor dysfunction each year, diagnosing their condition can be challenging, uncomfortable and time consuming. The pelvic floor is a complex area of the body that requires long experience and special expertise to allow for proper diagnosis.
The pelvic floor can be divided into three compartments:
 - Anterior (bladder and urethra)
 - Middle (vagina, cervix and uterus)
 - Posterior (rectum)
A complex network of muscles support the entire pelvic floor. Damage to even one of the muscles can lead to prolapse (one or more of the pelvic organs falls out of position), while stretching or tearing can lead to pelvic floor relaxation and a range of symptoms, including incontinence, pelvic pain and/or constipation.
Due to recent advances in sequencing speed, Dynamic Pelvic Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) can now greatly aid in the diagnosis of conditions affecting the pelvic floor. A major benefit of Dynamic Pelvic MRI is enhanced patient comfort, as well as other benefits, including:
 - No IV contrast
 - No radiation
 - Relatively noninvasive (depending on technique)
 - In most cases, patient only has to bear down
 - In most cases, no enema
Dynamic Pelvic MR allows radiologists to directly see detailed images of the anatomy of the pelvic floor structures, which allows analysis of anatomy and function. Studies have shown that Dynamic Pelvic MRI is more sensitive than physical examination, making it the gold standard for diagnosing pelvic floor disorders.
Dynamic Pelvic MRI Procedure Information
Why Choose the S. Mark Taper Foundation Imaging Center for a Dynamic Pelvic MRI?
Android app on Google Play


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What is the boiling point of a solution that contains 3 moles of KBr in 2000g of water?
a) 97 Degrees C
b) 99.7 Degrees C
c)101.4 Degrees C
d) 103 degrees c
1 Answer | Add Yours
When a nonvolatile esolute is dissolved in water, according to Raoult's laws, there will be an elevatio in the boiling point of water. The extent of elevation is given by
'DeltaTb = i*Kb *m', where i is the number of species obtained from the dissociation (or association)of one molecule of the solute in solution, Kb is a constant, called molal ebullioscopic constant for a particular solvent, and m is the molal strength of the solute.
For water, Kb = 0.512,
Molality is the number of moles of solute dissolved per 1Kg solvent.
Here, 3 moles of KBr is dissolved in 2Kg water, therefore molality = 3/2 = 1.5.
KBr is an electrolyte, completely dissociating in aqueous solution as
KBr (s)→ K+(aq.) + Br-(aq.)
Hence i = 2.
Putting these values in equation,
ΔTb = 2*0.512 *1.5
Therefore, boiling point of the solution would be 100+1.536 = 101.5 degrees (approximately).
Correct answer is therefore, option c)101.4 Degrees C.
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When Did Man Begin Eating Meat?
Question from a reader:
In Heaven Randy writes that it appears that neither animals nor people ate meat until after the flood. But Genesis 4 says Abel kept flocks and gave fat offerings, which suggests he ate meat. What are your thoughts?
Answer from Linda Jeffries, EPM Ministry Assistant:
Genesis 1 tells us of God's instructions to Adam and Eve, "and God said, 'Behold, I have given you every plant yielding seed that is on the face of the earth, and every tree with seen in its fruit. You shall have them for food'" (Genesis 1:29). He also goes on to say even the animals shall eat the "green plant for food", and later adds "in the course of time Cain brought to the Lord an offering of the first fruit of the ground and Abel also brought of the firstborn of his flock and of their fat portions" (Genesis 4:3-4). God gave man authority to care for all the animals. Abel was a keeper of sheep. His offering was a firstborn animal and its fat. I can see where one might assume they ate animals, but Scripture doesn't seem to support that they began eating meat at this time.
Additional thoughts from Julia (Stager) Mayo, former EPM Research Assistant:
Further, after the flood God said to Noah, "Be fruitful and multiply and fill the earth. The fear of you and the dread of you shall be upon every beast of the earth and upon every bird of the heavens, upon everything that creeps on the ground and all the fish of the sea. Into your hand they are delivered. Every moving thing that lives shall be food for you. And as I gave you the green plants, I give you everything" (Genesis 9:1-3). This text seems to show a fundamental shift in man's relationship with animals, and is the first time the Lord says that "moving things" shall be food. Abel tended the flocks and used them for sacrifices. It's possible he ate the meat, but it's also possible (and perhaps more likely in light of Genesis 1 and 9) that Abel recognized blood needed to be shed (an animal needed to die) to atone for sin and therefore kept sheep for sacrifices, not food.
Julia (Stager) Mayo holds a Master of Arts in Biblical and Theological Studies from Western Seminary, where she works as an administrative assistant. She was previously part of the Eternal Perspective Ministries staff, and still does occasional research work for Randy Alcorn.


Black Actress To Play Tudor Queen Anne Boleyn In New Drama
British TV's Channel 5 have just announced that a black actress is to play Anne Boleyn in an upcoming three part period drama.
Jodie Turner-Smith is set to play 16th-century Queen of England Anne Boleyn, who was a white woman.
The baffling choice to play Henry VIII's second wife has led to internet clashes with many suggesting that the move amounts to cultural appropriation.
RT reports: Turner-Smith's turn as the medieval monarch was announced on Friday. The project was described by entertainment outlet Deadline as being a three-part "convention-defying" psychological thriller by Channel 5, set to "shine a feminist light" on the life of Boleyn, famously sent to her death by her husband King Henry the Eighth.
Social media quickly began overflowing with complaints about Turner-Smith playing a white queen. Commenters demanded "historical accuracy" and called it "cultural appropriation" – a term usually used when white people emulate other cultures. Many said that, logically, the Turner-Smith casting as Boleyn should be no more acceptable than a white person playing a well-known black historical figure.
Others mocked the future series by riffing on the concept of 'whitewashing' prominent people of color in history, noting how ridiculous it would be for them to be played by white actors. Some proposed that the US civil rights era heroes Martin Luther King and Rosa Parks be played by Caucasian actors, along with the South African anti-apartheid leader Nelson Mandela.


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Project MAC Progress Report 8, July 1970 to July 1971.
Annual progress rept.
MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE PROJECT MAC
Pagination or Media Count:
Contents Artificial intelligence Automata theory Cellular automata Computation structures Computer systems research Dynamic modeling, graphics and networks Education Implicit computation Interactive management systems Mathlab Programming languages.
- Computer Programming and Software
- Computer Hardware
- Computer Systems


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Definition of Custard apple
1. Noun. Any of several tropical American trees bearing fruit with soft edible pulp.
Group relationships: Annona, Genus Annona
Specialized synonyms: Annona Cherimola, Cherimoya, Cherimoya Tree, Annona Diversifolia, Ilama, Ilama Tree, Annona Muricata, Prickly Custard Apple, Soursop, Soursop Tree, Annona Reticulata, Bullock Heart, Bullock's Heart, Bullock's Heart Tree, Annona Squamosa, Sweetsop, Sweetsop Tree, Annona Glabra, Pond Apple, Pond-apple Tree, Asimina Triloba, Papaw, Papaw Tree, Pawpaw
Generic synonyms: Fruit Tree
2. Noun. The fruit of any of several tropical American trees of the genus Annona having soft edible pulp.
Specialized synonyms: Cherimolla, Cherimoya, Guanabana, Soursop, Bullock's Heart, Jamaica Apple, Annon, Sugar Apple, Sweetsop, Ilama, Pond Apple
Group relationships: Custard Apple Tree
Definition of Custard apple
1. Noun. A tree native to the tropical New World. Scientific name: ''Annona reticulata.'' ¹
2. Noun. The fruit of this tree. ¹
3. Noun. Sugar apple, a related fruit. ¹
¹ Source: wiktionary.com
Custard Apple Pictures
Click the following link to bring up a new window with an automated collection of images related to the term: Custard Apple Images
Lexicographical Neighbors of Custard Apple
Literary usage of Custard apple
Below you will find example usage of this term as found in modern and/or classical literature:
1. An Illustrated Flora of the Northern United States: Canada and the British by Nathaniel Lord Britton, Addison Brown (1897)
"CUSTARD-APPLE FAMILY. Trees or shrubs, generally aromatic, with alternate entire leaves. Stipules none. Sepals 3 (rarely 2), valvate or rarely imbricate...."
2. Southern Wild Flowers and Trees: Together with Shrubs, Vines and Various by Alice Lounsberry (1901)
"The custard apple and the species that follow would perhaps be the ones more generally encountered. A. reticulata principally differs from the foregoing..."
3. Chambers's encyclopædia by Chambers W. and R., ltd (1874)
"custard apple, the name commonly given in the West Indies and other tropical countries to the fruits of certain species of Anona, a genus of trees of the..."
4. Plant Life of Alabama: An Account of the Distribution, Modes of Association by Charles Theodore Mohr (1901)
"custard apple Family. ASIMINA Adán«. Kam. I'l. 2:365. 1763.1 About 7 specie--, t rccand shrubs of warmer America...."
5. Fruit Recipes: A Manual of the Food Value of Fruits and Nine Hundred by Riley Maria Fletcher Berry (1907)
"The fruit which bears the family name individually, the custard apple, or Bullock's Heart (.A. reticulata), resembles distantly the wild Northern papaw...."
6. The Plant World by Plant World Association, Wild Flower Preservation Society (U.S.), Wild Flower Preservation Society of America (1905)
"... the alligator pear, the custard apple, the cherimoya and the red fruits of the akee. Among the many unfamiliar flowers, we noted the scarlet hibiscus,..."