Oticon More 2-R Mini RITE Hearing Aid
Oticon More 2-R Mini RITE Hearing Aid
Oticon More 2-R Mini RITE Hearing Aid
Regular price $2,995.00 Sale price $7,800.00 Unit price per
New Oticon More 2-R is the brands latest Advanced rechargeable hearing aid released onto the Australia market in January 2021. Just one step down from the top end premium More 1. They feature a highly sophisticated and powerful chip platform designed to preserve the finer details in the sound scene providing More of the natural information and cues to help improve speech understanding and minimise listening effort even in complex listening environments with competing background noise.
Oticon's latest hearings aid is called Oticon More and builds upon its predecessor the very successful Oticon Opn S. Opn introduced the Open Sound Navigator platform on their Velox chip designed to preserve the sound scape naturally to support the way our brains Orientate, Focus and Recognise sounds. They then introduced the Velox S platform that added Open Sound Optimiser ™purported to be a "pro-active" feedback cancelling system that could very quickly cancel feedback (annoying whistles and squeaks) within 90ms-1.
New Oticon More hearing aids contain their latest Polaris ™ Chip platform which give you a a clear, complete and balanced sound scene with acoustic richness and finer details. This supports the Oticon Brain Hearing™ philosophy of making it as effortless as possible for your brain to make sense of sound.
Oticon More assists the brain in processing sounds
Rechargeable Oticon More
Oticon research showed that by preserving the sound scape naturally and rapidly attenuating competing noise "between words" they can improve speech intelligibility and reduce listening effort to a greater extent than conventional approaches taken by other hearing aid manufacturers.
How Hearing Loss Effects the Brain
Oticon continues to further their research into how the brain makes sense of sound and develop their hearing aids to best to support these brain processes. They patented the term Brain Hearing ™ to describe these processes and has been the foundation of their research for more than 30 years. The philosophy is that hearing happens in the Brain. It is not a simple sense but a very complex cognitive process. We know that hearing loss is not just a loss of audibility but also comes with a loss of speech understanding and creates distortion problems especially in noisy situations. This is because hearing loss impacts the quality of the sound the brain has to work with.
Our brains are plastic and do adapt to this lower quality of information or under-stimulation, however there are ramifications and consequences. The listener has to work harder to make sense of sound. Hearing loss therefore can be described as a bio-psycho-social problem. Biological in that we know there's a change to biological function, but also Psycho-Social changes in that untreated hearing loss can lead to a change in a persons' behaviour. Such as avoidance of environments where you know you'll have difficulties hearing such as social gatherings or any competing noise environments. Such avoidance behaviours can lead to a sense of social isolation. This can lead to depression and in the long run accelerated cognitive decline.
Providing the Brain with the right types of Amplification.
 Oticon's ultimate goal is make it as easy as possible for the brain to make sense of sound. Extensive research has enabled Oticon to bring to market a unique combination of technologies that all work to reduce listening effort and provide the right conditions for the brain. In spite of modern chip sets and sound processing technologies available today, the brain can still be considered to be the most sophisticated sound processor that exists. This is because the brain has the ability to navigate in simple environments as well complex environments with many different types of sounds being present. It can choose where and when to focus and which sounds to attend. It can choose to push some sounds into the background whilst focusing on which sounds are relevant. This happens seamlessly as the sound situation changes. Important for both social activities as well as for safety.
New Scientific Discoveries:
It is believed that the brain needs access to all sounds and not just speech to work in a natural way. According to Oticon research there are two auditory cortex sub-systems with different functions that are always working together to make sense of sound. Overall hearing ability can depend on how well they work together. These two systems are the Orient sub-system and the Focus sub-system. The Orient system is constantly scanning all surrounding sounds to make a complete picture of the sound scape. Whilst the Focus system is supporting us to determine which sounds we actually focus on whilst determining which sounds we push into the background. We know these subsystems exist based on measurements from new scientific and imaging techniques techniques including Magneto-Encephalography (MEG), Deep Electrodes (EcoHG/sEEG), Electro Encephalography (EEG). Two independent studies have shown the existence of these two sub systems within the Auditory cortex of the brain.
The Orient Sub-System of Neural Sound Processing
The Orient stage of sound processing within the brain is considered crucial in creating a full sound scene representation within the brain to then identify what it wants to focus on. This decision can only be as good and as accurate as the information that is delivered to the Orient sub-system itself. In this earlier stage of sound processing the entire sound scene is being represented in the brain. The Orient system needs to receive a good neural code to create a good auditory overview and separate sounds out to determine what's going on in the surroundings. It also creates an auditory foreground and background and starts to identify what to focus on and listen to. It provides the brain with the best conditions on which to focus on and listen to.
The Focus Sub-System of Neural Sound Processing
In the focus sub-system which is a later stage of sound processing, only the sounds that the listener attends to is strongly represented in the brain. This allows us to focus on a point of interest, form auditory objects out of the different sound characteristics available. Allows us to focus our attention on the sounds we want to attend to whilst filtering out unwanted or irrelevant sounds. These systems work continuously together to maintain our focus on what is presently most important. Although we can maintain focus on a particular sound the brain intentionally distracts itself four times a second checking in on the rest of the environment sound scene. This allows us to switch attention if something more important suddenly appears in the sound scene.
The Workload on the Brain
When these systems are working well together it frees up other cognitive processes to work optimally. One can more easily recognise other sounds, store and recall information and perform executive functioning such as being able to respond to what is taking place or been said.
Irrespective of the quality of the signal the brain is receiving it will always try to match it with information stored in its long-term memory. It does this to make meaning of the sound. Clear sensory information makes for easier matches and more effortless conversation. However, when the sound is changes or distorted the sensory information is no longer clear. This can result from hearing loss and competing noise. The brain cannot as easily match the acoustic information with information stored in the long-term memory and so making sense of the sound requires a lot more effort. Selective attention allows our Auditory system to effectively filter out sounds and even enhance our perception of sounds of interest which is called Sustained Attention. Our ability to focus in on something for a longer period of time. These two sub-systems help us separate out sounds and focus in on what we are interested in. To gather meaning of what's heard also need to recognise sounds which make use of available working memory in the brain and extract meaning. Also requires working with other important cognitive capacities such as attention switching,,memory recall. Also other senses play a role at this level of processing including visual input. These higher cognitive processes also influence the Orient and Focus stages.
Hearing Loss makes it more difficult to Orient & Focus:
Hearing loss resulting from changes in the cochlear result in a loss of spectral and temporal resolution diminishing the quality of the neural code being delivered. The ability to selectively switch attention is also slowed down. The increased cognitive load to follow results in less capacity left over.
Oticon indicates that studies are showing the brain needs full access to the sound scene to prioritise what it attends to and what it filters out. Attention is more like a filter that takes in all available sensory input and prioritises what is being attending to and processed and what is filtered out. Oticon argue that conventional hearing aid technology uses a focus approach including the use of directional microphone systems, speech reduction and gain reduction methods of feedback elimination and indicates such methods restrict information being delivered to the brain and does not help form a complete sound scene therefore does not best support the way the brain naturally processes sound. Oticon indicates that inadequate treatment of a hearing problem in turn results in a brain problem. Consequences of untreated hearing loss include; 1. Increased listening effort, 2. Increased Cognitive Load, 3. Re-organised brain functionality, 4. Accelerated cognitive decline, 5. Accelerated brain volume shrinkage.
Brain problems can therefore turn into life problems. Risk of dementia is from untreated hearing loss is increased 5 fold for severe hearing loss. Associations between hearing loss and balance disorders.
Research indicates that all these conditions associated with untreated hearing loss are modifiable risk factors that are potentially reversible. A study showed that approximately 40% of dementia cases can be explained by modifiable risk factors. Livingston et al. showed in 2017 that in mid-life hearing loss represented the greatest modifiable risk factor in onset of dementia being 8%. Even at mild levels hearing loss has been documented increase the risk of developing dementia in the long term and the worse the hearing loss the


Quick Answer: What Is Another Word For Bladder?
What is another word for the urinary system?
In this page you can discover 7 synonyms, antonyms, idiomatic expressions, and related words for urinary system, like: urogenital system, urogenital apparatus, urinary apparatus, genitourinary system, genitourinary apparatus, systema urogenitale and apparatus urogenitalis..
What is the root word for bladder?
pneum(o) a root meaning bladder.
What is the function of bladder?
The urinary bladder is a muscular sac in the pelvis, just above and behind the pubic bone. When empty, the bladder is about the size and shape of a pear. Urine is made in the kidneys and travels down two tubes called ureters to the bladder. The bladder stores urine, allowing urination to be infrequent and controlled.
What vitamins are good for bladder health?
What are common bladder problems?
Signs of a bladder problem can include:Inability to hold urine or leaking urine (called urinary incontinence)Needing to urinate eight or more times in one day.Waking up many times at night to urinate.Sudden and urgent need to urinate.Pain or burning before, during, or after urinating.Cloudy or bloody urine.More items…•
Is urinary system and excretory system the same?
One aspect of this function is to rid the body of waste products that accumulate as a result of cellular metabolism, and, because of this, it is sometimes referred to as the excretory system. Although the urinary system has a major role in excretion, other organs contribute to the excretory function.
What is cystitis?
Cystitis is inflammation of the bladder, usually caused by a bladder infection. It's a common type of urinary tract infection (UTI), particularly in women, and is usually more of a nuisance than a cause for serious concern. Mild cases will often get better by themselves within a few days.
Is Kidney part of urinary system?
The urinary system's function is to filter blood and create urine as a waste by-product. The organs of the urinary system include the kidneys, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder and urethra. The body takes nutrients from food and converts them to energy.
What does the word bladder mean?
1 : an organ in the body resembling a pouch into which urine passes from the kidneys and is temporarily stored until discharged from the body. 2 : a container that can be filled with air or gas. bladder. noun.
What is the meaning of bladder bag?
Can you live without your bladder?


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Activity 2E: Crossword Puzzle
Students will review sections of the Bisbee Deportation website and complete the crossword puzzle
Standard: Strand 1 American History
Grade 7: Emergence of the Modern United States
PO 5 c. Analyze the impact of industrialization on the United States - Unions
Concept 7: Emergence of the Modern United States
PO 1: Analyze how the following transformed the American economy
d: labor movement (e.g. Bisbee Deportation)
- Students will read the Historical Context and Who's Who and or view the The Bisbee Deportation of 1917: A Management-Labor Conflict in Arizona video.
- If students are using paper copies they should be encouraged to underline important information.
- If working from the Web, they should take notes of important information.
- After studying the information sources they will complete the crossword puzzle either alone or in groups.
Sources to Consult

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Ultra Low Energy Store-Carry and Forward Relaying Within the Cell
In this paper, the authors address the issue of Store-Carry and Forward (SCF) relaying within a cell in a mobile network. The proposed scheme can be considered as a generalization of various multi-hop wireless relaying schemes, where storing and carrying an information message by a mobile relay node is not allowed. The key motivation of utilizing SCF relaying within the cell is that energy consumption levels can be dramatically reduced by capitalizing on the inherent mobility of nodes and the elasticity of Internet applications. In that respect, they consider a novel multi-hop cellular architecture to achieve energy savings both at the network side (i.e., Base Stations) and at the user terminals.


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Support us | Visit us | Contact us
21 September 2011
Researchers used satellite tracking to monitor the movements of the whales to discover that in 2010 they travelled between the Atlantic and Pacific seas via the famously ice-bound passage. Bones found on beaches in the region suggest that the last time the whales occupied this area was around 10,000 years ago.
While Bowheads are adept at moving through ice-bound Arctic seas, it was previously thought that the sea ice in the Northwest Passage was too impenetrable even for these Arctic specialists. However, the new observations show Bowheads travelling through the passage in both directions, suggesting that the rapidly diminishing Arctic sea ice has allowed them to pass from one ocean to another.
The findings have huge implications for the ecology of marine life in the region, with the authors stating that their findings "are perhaps an early sign that other marine organisms have begun exchanges between the Pacific and the Atlantic Oceans across the Arctic. Some of these exchanges may be harder to detect than bowhead whales, but the ecological impacts could be more significant should the ice-free Arctic become a dispersion corridor between the two oceans."
Read the full paper for free on the Biology Letters webpage.
Learn about our mission to expand the frontiers of knowledge.
Explore our annual science exhibition
The Government's spending decisions for the financial year 2015-16 provide an important opportunity to strengthen the role of research and innovation as drivers of UK growth and competitiveness, according to the UK's four national academies, including the Royal Society.
A paper published in Biology Letters today reveals a new species of ichthyosaur (a dolphin-like marine reptile from the age of dinosaurs) which revolutionises our understanding of their evolution and extinction.
Pioneers of the Internet, computing, climate modelling and virtual surgery are just some of the experts who have been announced as new Fellows of the Royal Society today (3 May 2013).
For a full archive please see the news pages.
Latest press releases about our activities.
Announcements about articles in our journals.
There are about 1,450 Fellows and Foreign Members.
We have had 350 years at the heart of scientific progress.
Contact the Society's press team.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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A dynamo is a mechanism for converting flow energy to magnetic energy. The magnetic fields of most stars and galaxies are probably sustained by dynamos. The flow energy has an ordered component - the large scale differential rotation, and a turbulent component. Both are important.
The solar dynamo, and some stellar dynamos, are cyclic in time, with the cycle period of the solar dynamo being 22 years, and other cycles being observed on many different stars. One way to study stellar dynamos is through numerical simulations. The accompanying figure shows a "magnetic wreath" prodiced by one of Ben Brown's dynamo simulations. The magnetic field is stretched by rotation into a ring in a plane perpendicular to the rotation axis. Eventually we would like to understand the relationship between stellar rotation, luminosity, and the length and vigor of its magnetic cycles.
Dynamos can also be studied in the laboratory. There are two dynamo experiments at UW-Madison. The Madison Dynamo Experiment is a ball of liquid sodium that can be mechanically stirred. The Madison Plasma Dynamo Experiment will be a ball of plasma that can be used to to study a host of dynamo problems, inlcuding some related to the growth of magnetic fields in the early universe.


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Introduction Concussion prevalence in sport is well recognized, so too is the challenge of clinical and return-to-play management for an injury with an inherent indeterminant time course of resolve. A clear, valid insight into the anticipated resolution time could assist in planning treatment intervention. Purpose This study implemented a supervised machine learning-based approach in modeling estimated symptom resolve time in high school athletes who incurred a concussion during sport activity. Methods We examined the efficacy of 10 classification algorithms using machine learning for the prediction of symptom resolution time (within 7, 14, or 28 d), with a data set representing 3 yr of concussions suffered by high school student-athletes in football (most concussion incidents) and other contact sports. Results The most prevalent sport-related concussion reported symptom was headache (94.9%), followed by dizziness (74.3%) and difficulty concentrating (61.1%). For all three category thresholds of predicted symptom resolution time, single-factor ANOVA revealed statistically significant performance differences across the 10 classification models for all learners at a 95% confidence interval (P = 0.000). Naïve Bayes and Random Forest with either 100 or 500 trees were the top-performing learners with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve performance ranging between 0.656 and 0.742 (0.0-1.0 scale). Conclusions Considering the limitations of these data specific to symptom presentation and resolve, supervised machine learning demonstrated efficacy, while warranting further exploration, in developing symptom-based prediction models for practical estimation of sport-related concussion recovery in enhancing clinical decision support.
- AUGMENTED INTELLIGENCE
- SPORTS MEDICINE
- TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
- Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation


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An animated character typically has a number of different movements that are activated in the game in different circumstances. These movements are called Animation Clips. For example, we might have separate animation clips for walking, running, jumping, throwing, dying, etc. Depending on the way the model was animated, these separate movements might be imported as distinct animation clips or as one single clip where each movement simply follows on from the previous one. In cases where there is only a single clip, the clip must be split into its component animation clips within Unity, which will involve some extra steps in your workflow.
The simplest types of models to work with are those that contain pre-split animations. If you have an animation like that, the Animations tab in the Animation Importer Inspector will look like this:
You will see a list available clips which you can preview by pressing Play in the Preview Window (lower down in the inspector). The frame ranges of the clips can be edited, if needed.
For models where the clips are supplied as one continuous animation, the Animation tab in the Animation Importer Inspector will look like this:
In cases like this, you can define the frame ranges that correspond to each of the separate animation sequences (walking, jumping, etc). You can create a new animation clip by pressing (+) and selecting the range of frames that are included in it.
In the Import Settings, the Split Animations table is where you tell Unity which frames in your asset file make up which Animation Clip. The names you specify here are used to activate them in your game.
For further information about the animation inspector, see the Animation Clip component reference page.
You can create animation clips which animate any object or component property using Unity's animation window. These animation clips can then be arranged into a state machine in exactly the same way as external animation clips such as character animations. For example, you could animate the motion of a camera, the colour of a light, the individual frames of a sprite animation, or a public property of a script.
To set up a Character or other GameObject for animation, you need to follow this process:
Another way to import animations is to follow a naming scheme that Unity allows for the animation files. You create separate model files and name them with the convention '_EMAIL_'. For example, for a model called "goober", you could import separate idle, walk, jump and walljump animations using files named "_EMAIL_", "_EMAIL_", "_EMAIL_" and "_EMAIL_". Only the animation data from these files will be used, even if the original files are exported with mesh data.
Unity automatically imports all four files and collects all animations to the file without the @ sign in. In the example above, the goober.mb file will be set up to reference idle, jump, walk and wallJump automatically.
For FBX files, simply export a model file with no animation ticked (eg, goober.fbx) and the 4 clips as _EMAIL_ by exporting the desired keyframes for each (enable animation in the FBX dialog).
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[postgis-users] Aggregate Functions
pramsey at refractions.net
Thu Feb 20 09:48:30 PST 2003
What is an aggregate function? A function which works on a result set
and returns a summary. For example,
select max(salary) from employees
select mean(age) from patients
Both queries return a *single* value, the aggregate result.
What is a spatial aggregate? Same thing, only with goemetries. I really
look forward to being able to do this to create a single drainage
polygon for a river system:
select union(geom) from watersheds where ws_code > '_PHONE_'
Things might get confusing, because the opengis spatial operators will
have the same name but different arguments.
select union(a.geom,b.geom) from a,b where a.id = b.id
The standard union() function is a pairwise union.
I hope that confuses things substantially. :/
| Paul Ramsey
| Refractions Research
| Email: pramsey at refractions.net
| Phone: _PHONE_
More information about the postgis-users


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What words comes to mind when you think about engineering? If you are like most people, words that come to mind include difficult and boring. In a study about teen perceptions of engineering, the most common word that teens used to describe engineering was difficult; boring was also popular among teens who knew little about engineering. Encouragingly, teens who had been exposed to engineering also used words like cool and gratifying. The study also found that most teens don't know much about engineering. When asked to explain what engineers do, people often report that engineers build bridges, buildings, and machines (assuming they don't say that engineers drive trains) but most people can't provide many details beyond that. And how about the difference between architects and engineers? Architects are creative and engineers crunch numbers, right? Hmm, I am an engineer and I do like to crunch numbers but I also love to be creative and engineering provides plenty of opportunities for me to be creative.
A desire to help people of all ages, particularly K12 students, better understand engineering led me to develop a massive open online course, or MOOC. MOOCs are online courses offered by universities for free to the public. Each class is typically taken by thousands of people from around the world. While close one-on-one interaction between the instructor and students is not possible with so many students in each course, rich online discussions between students from around the world are possible. And while students don't typically get university credit for courses, they can earn a certificate and will soon be able to earn credit for certain courses.
I am currently developing a MOOC entitled The Engineering of Structures Around Us, which will start on May 5, 2015. The course is targeted at high school students and others interested in better understanding engineering and the structures around them, from bridges and buildings in their communities to famous structures around the world. Why and how are structures designed? How do they support loads? And where do forces flow through them? What is the difference between an engineer and an architect? These are some of the questions we'll explore in the course. While the course includes some math, basic geometry and algebra, most of the concepts are accessible by anyone - you can skip the math if you wish though I hope some people find they like the math too.
- Illustrations: Author and illustrator Katherine Roy developed a series of illustrations for the MOOC, with Owl as the central character. Owl has a problem each week that is solved using concepts from the course. We hope that this illustrated narrative will provide context for the ideas presented, generate student questions, and make engineering a bit more approachable.
Which of these activities will engage the learners? Which will result in greater learning? We hope to find out. Will students participate in the discussions? Will they design and build and then post and discuss their designs? We hope so!
Developing the MOOC has been much more time-consuming than I anticipated (and I thought I had anticipated the fact that it would be a lot of work). But our whole team is hopeful that it will be a great experience for the learners and we hope to see many of you online, exploring the engineering of structures around us together. I believe that everyone can and should understand a few basic engineering concepts.


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Lazy Loading Data with ListBox
The ListBox is a great control for showing users lists of data, even data with lots and lots of rows. But the ListBox, being a UI control, is not meant to also be a container for hundreds of thousands of rows of data. It can take noticeable amount of time to to populate and you end up with your data being duplicated because it exists in both the ListBox and the original source (file, database or other data structure).
One way to avoid this problem is to not actually load all the data at once. This is often a great idea because the user can't actually see all the data at once anyway. So why not only load the data they can actually see?
One way to do this is to use a ScrollBar to track the data the user wants to see and then to only load that data into the ListBox.
To demonstrate this, start by creating a simple class as a container for data. The class structure is like this:
Class ListData
 Property Num As Integer
 Property Value As Double
 Property Desc As String
End Class
On Window1, add a property that is an array of this class:
Data() As ListData
Now on Window1, add two Buttons, a Vertical Scroll Bar and a ListBox. Align the ScrollBar so that it is to the right of the ListBox and the same height and change its Allow Live Scrolling property to True (ON). Change the ListBox to have 3 columns using the Column Count property in the Inspector. In the Open event of the Window add 1 million elements to the Data array:
 For i As Integer = 1 To _PHONE_
 Var d As New ListData
 d.Num = i
 d.Value = Rnd()
 d.Desc = "Testing"
In the Action event of the 1st Button, add this code to load the entire 1 million element array into the ListBox:
Listbox1.HasVerticalScrollbar = True
ScrollBar1.Visible = False
For i As Integer = 0 To Data.LastRowIndex
 Listbox1.AddRow(Data(i).Num.ToString, Data(i).Value.ToString, Data(i).Desc)
Pretty standard stuff. Now in the 2nd Button's Action event add this code, which populates the ListBox only with the first 50 rows:
Listbox1.HasVerticalScrollbar = False
ScrollBar1.Visible = True
ScrollBar1.MinimumValue = 0
ScrollBar1.MaximumValue = Data.LastRowIndex
ScrollBar1.Value = 0
For i As Integer = 0 To 50
Lastly add the ValueChanged event to the ScrollBar with this code, which fetches 50 rows after the value of the ScrollBar:
For i As Integer = Me.Value To Me.Value + 50
 If i <= Data.LastRowIndex Then
 End If
Now go ahead and run the project. Click the first button to see how long it takes to populate the ListBox. It took my computer about 11 seconds. You can scroll around at a reasonable speed, although it's a bit unwieldy with that many rows. Another thing to note is that this uses about 750MB of RAM.
Now click the second button that does the lazy loading. It will show the first bunch of rows instantly. Use the scrollbar to display other rows and you'll see they are also displayed instantly even thought they are not technically in the ListBox. This also uses only about 110MB of RAM.
Now this is just a quick example (download here) and doesn't handle every situation, but you can certainly expand on it as needed. If you'd rather not create this yourself, another option is to try 3rd party ListBox or DataView controls which have this built-in. You can find some on our 3rd Party Product page:


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Twice in the past week I have gone deep into volcanic Western Victoria. I passed the Grampians and its rock formations, Harman Valley at Byaduk, Mt Napier and Mt Elephant at Derrinallum. Along with the dry stone walls that weave through the countryside and the rocks that still litter the landscape, the volcanic activity of the past is evident.
Since my travels, an earthquake at Korumburra in West Gippsland on Tuesday and a perfectly timed conference in Melbourne, has seen the Western District volcanoes in the news. Questions are being asked about the likelihood of them erupting again. Speaking at the Congress of Geodesy and Geophysics, University of Melbourne Professor Bernie Joyce reminded us that the last volcanic eruption at Mt Gambier was 5000 years ago, yet these volcanoes normally would erupt every 2000 years. According to Professor Joyce we are overdue and contingency plans should be made in readiness for a possible eruption
Back in 1902, similar issues were being raised. It was a year not dissimilar to 2010/11 with volcanic eruptions and earthquakes being reported all over the world.
I have found newspaper reports of earthquakes at Yea, Castlemaine, Moe and Goroke in the same year. Also, South Australia experienced several earthquakes in the latter part of 1902. A large earthquake in September, felt over most of the state, saw chimneys brought down. The Bathurst Free Press and Mining Journal reported with some relief that the earthquake was not felt in Mt Gamble (sic), obviously meaning Mt Gambier
Just as well, as panic would have prevailed. Earlier in July, Mt Gambier authorities had tested the temperature of the famous crater lake, Blue Lake, in light of earlier South Australian quakes
So what was the explanation to the seismic activity back in 1902? A paper by H. I Jenson, a student at Sydney University, explained a relationship between sunspots and seismic activity.
Could the Western District volcanoes erupt again was a question being asked at the time. Professor David from Sydney University said in 1902 that although science was not advanced enough to fully predict, he did not expect any volcanic eruptions in any part of Australia in the near future unless there was stronger earthquake activity.
Professor W Howchin of Adelaide University was sure it could and cited other extinct volcanoes which had gone on to erupt.
The last word goes to Professor W.G Woolnough, a noted volcano expert of the early 1900s.


Steam Paathshaala Physics Physics
To understand steam we need to first understand what happens to water when it evaporates or boils. When we look at water very closely, we see that it is made of two atoms of hydrogen and one of oxygen. We consider the molecules are bonded together by electrical charges (referred to as the hydrogen bond). The degree of excitation of the molecules determines the physical state (or phase) of water – solid, liquid or gas, ie, ice, water or steam.
Evaporation in an open vessel
The average energy of the particles in a liquid is governed by the temperature. The higher the temperature, the higher the average energy. Within that average, some particles have higher and some have lower energy.
Some of the more energetic particles on the surface of the liquid can be moving fast enough to escape from the attractive forces holding the liquid together. They evaporate. Our particles here are the molecules of H2O and we consider the molecules as bonded together by electrical charges (referred to as the hydrogen bond). The degree of excitation of the molecules determines the physical state (or phase) of the substance. Steam molecules are far more excited than the same molecules in a liquid phase (water) or solid phase (ice).
The diagram shows a small region of a liquid near its surface. Molecules in the water jostle with each other and new molecules gain enough energy to escape from the surface. Notice that evaporation only takes place on the surface of the liquid. If you look at water which is just evaporating in the sun, you don't see any bubbles. Water molecules are simply breaking away from the surface layer.
Ordinary evaporation is a surface phenomenon - since the vapor pressure is low and since the pressure inside the liquid is equal to atmospheric pressure plus the liquid pressure, bubbles of water vapor cannot form. But at the boiling point, the saturated vapor pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure, bubbles form, and the vaporization becomes a volume phenomena.
The evaporation of a liquid in a closed container
Now imagine what happens if the liquid is in a closed container. Common sense tells you that water in a sealed bottle doesn't seem to evaporate - or at least, it doesn't disappear over time.
But there is constant evaporation from the surface. Particles continue to break away from the surface of the liquid - but this time they are trapped in the space above the liquid. As the gaseous particles bounce around, some of them will hit the surface of the liquid again, and be trapped there. There will rapidly be an equilibrium set up in which the number of particles leaving the surface is exactly balanced by the number rejoining it. In this equilibrium, there will be a fixed number of the gaseous particles in the space above the liquid. When these particles hit the walls of the container, they exert a pressure. This pressure is called the saturated vapour pressure (also known as saturation vapour pressure) of the liquid.
The effect of temperature on the equilibrium between liquid and vapour
If you increase the temperature, you are increasing the average energy of the particles present. That means that more of them are likely to have enough energy to escape from the surface of the liquid. That will tend to increase the saturated vapour pressure.
When water is heated at atmospheric pressure, its temperature rises until it reaches 100°C, the highest temperature at which water can exist as a liquid at this pressure. At this point, the water is saturated with energy. It cannot absorb any more heat while remaining a liquid. Additional heat does not raise the temperature, but converts the water to steam, ie, a 'phase change' occurs. We call this the "saturationpoint or, Boiling point and with any further addition of energy, some of the water will boil off as steam.
The boiling point is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the substance equals the ambient pressure. So, boiling point is dependent on the pressure. At heights, where the atm pressure is much lower, the boiling point is also lower. The boiling point increases with increased ambient pressure up to the critical point, where the gas and liquid properties become identical. The boiling point cannot be increased beyond the critical point. Likewise, the boiling point decreases with decreasing ambient pressure until the triple point. The boiling point cannot be reduced below the triple point.
Intermolecular interactions
In terms of intermolecular interactions, the boiling point is the point at which the liquid molecules possess enough heat energy to overcome the various intermolecular attractions binding the molecules into the liquid. Therefore the boiling point is also an indicator of the strength of these attractive forces.
Before heat is applied, there is normal evaporation from the surface of the water. In the liquid phase, the molecules are free to move, but are still very close due to mutual attraction, and collisions occur frequently. We start heating the water. More heat increases molecular agitation and collision. As the temperature increases and the water approaches its boiling condition, some molecules attain enough kinetic energy to reach velocities that allow them to momentarily escape from the liquid into the space above the surface, before falling back into the liquid. Further heating causes greater excitation and the number of molecules with enough energy to leave the liquid increases. There is now enough energy to disrupt the attractive forces between the molecules throughout the liquid.
Bubbles of vapour (steam) form within the body of the liquid - those are the bubbles you see when a liquid boils. These steam bubbles float up (the density of steam is much less than that of water) and break through the surface.[Note: The bubbles that precede real boiling in the pot on the stove are either (formerly) dissolved air or water vapor forming on the very hot bottom of the pot that will be condensed before it can get to the top of the liquid.] The space immediately above the water surface is filled with low density steam molecules. There are now more molecules leaving the liquid than entering it. The water is freely evaporating. This is the boiling point.
Once the liquid starts to boil, the temperature remains constant until all of the liquid has been converted to a gas. This 'phase change' requires a tremendous amount of additional energy input. The ability of steam to carry this large amounts of thermal energy is the property that makes it so desirable as a working fluid.
So, how much heat does hot water contain?
1kg of water at 30°C has 30 Kcals of heat energy trapped in it; at 100°C it has 100 Kcals of heat energy.
Saturation Curve
Understanding the Vapour pressure or, Steam Saturation curve
For a pure substance there is a definite relationship between saturation pressure and saturation temperature. If the pressure remains constant, adding more heat does not cause the temperature to rise any further but causes the water to form saturated steam. The temperature of the boiling water and saturated steam within the same system is the same, but the heat energy per unit mass is much greater in the steam.
At atmospheric pressure the saturation temperature is 100°C. However, if the pressure is increased, this will allow the addition of more heat and an increase in temperature. The higher the pressure, higher the heat that can be added to the liquid without a change of phase and therefore we reach higher saturation temperatures.
Therefore, increasing the pressure effectively increases both the enthalpy of water, and the saturation temperature. The graphical representation of this relationship between saturation temperature and pressure at saturated conditions is called the vapor pressure curve or, Steam saturation curve (given on page 5).
An egg on a mountain and a pressure cooker
The normal boiling point of water is 100°C. But if you try to cook an egg in boiling water while camping in the Himalayas at an elevation of 10,000 feet, you will find that it takes longer for the egg to cook because water boils at only 90°C at this elevation.
In theory, you shouldn't be able to heat a liquid to temperatures above its normal boiling point. However in a pressure cooker we can decrease the amount of time it takes to cook food. In a typical pressure cooker, water can remain a liquid at temperatures as high as 120°C, and food cooks in as little as one-third the normal time.
To explain why water boils at 90°C in the mountains and 120°C in a pressure cooker, even though the normal boiling point of water is 100°C, we have to understand why a liquid boils. By definition, a liquid boils when the vapor pressure of the gas escaping from the liquid is equal to the pressure exerted on the liquid by its surroundings, as shown in the figure below.
Boiling water in a kettle at MSL
The normal boiling point of water at MSL (mean sea level) is 100°C because this is the temperature at which the saturated vapor pressure of water is 1 atm. Under normal conditions, when the pressure of the atmosphere is also approximately 1 atm (or 101325 Pa or 101.325 kPa or 760 mmHg) water boils at 100°C.
Cooking an egg on the Himalayas
At 10,000 feet above sea level somewhere on the Himalaya Mountains, the pressure of the atmosphere is only 0.69 atm, 526 mmHg. At these elevations, water boils when its vapor pressure is 0.69 atm, which occurs at a temperature of 90°C. Therefore it takes longer to cook an egg up in the mountains.
On top of Mount Everest the pressure is about 0.256 atm, 260 mbar (26 kPa) so the boiling point of water is 69°C.
Boiling water in a pressure cooker
Pressure cookers are equipped with a valve that lets gas escape when the pressure inside the pot exceeds some fixed value. This valve


Bode Plot
The Bode plot describes the output response of a frequency-dependent system for a sine wave input. It is a combination of a Bode magnitude plot and a Bode phase plot.
A Bode magnitude plot is a graph of log magnitude against log frequency. It makes the multiplication of magnitudes a simple matter of adding distances on the graph, since log (a*b)= log a + log b. The magnitude axis of the Bode plot is often converted directly to decibels.
A Bode phase plot is a graph of phase against log frequency, usually used in conjunction with the magnitude plot, to evaluate how much a frequency will be phase-shifted. For example, a signal described by Asin(ωt) may be attenuated but also phase-shifted. If the system attenuates it by a factor x and phase shifts it by −Φ, the signal out of the system will be (A/x) sin(ωt − Φ). The phase shift Φ is generally a function of frequency.
The picture below shows an example of a Bode plot of an RC filter (Low-Pass Filter).
A low-pass filter is a filter that passes low frequencies well but attenuates (or reduces) frequencies higher than the cutoff frequency. The actual amount of attenuation for each frequency varies from filter to filter.
Transfer function: VOUT /VIN =1/[1+j(f/fc )]
The cutoff frequency point fc (in Hertz) is at the frequency fc =1/(2πfRC), which is frequently referred to as the −3 dB point.
Magnitude plot referred:
It consists of two lines: for frequencies below fc it is a horizontal line at 0 dB, for frequencies above fc it is a line with a slope of −20 dB per decade.
Phase plot referred: Responding to 0.1fc, fc, 10fc, the phase shift is -5.7°, -45°, -90°, respectively.
© 2021 Microchip Technology, Inc.


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To earn a minor in Communication, a student must complete the following coursework.
Students who minor in communication take a total of six courses, three of which are required and three are electives. Of the three electives, one must be an upper division application course (denoted by * on the course descriptions page).
- Communication 2: Communication and Social Understanding
- Communication 3: Communication Inquiry
- Communication 100: Communication Theory
Upper Divison Electives
- Three upper division electives( One must be an upper-division application course denoted by the word "Application" after the title)


Cholester-Reg II®
How It Works
Policosanol is the term for a blend of medium-chain alcohols extracted from plants. Human studies show that policosanol can effectively play a role in maintaining cholesterol levels already in the normal range. This compound appears to perform like red rice extract in the body. Cholester-Reg is a natural formula that contains policosanol and phytosterols. It has been formulated to support normal-range cholesterol levels in combination with a healthy diet and exercise. Plant sterols compete with the absorption of cholesterol in the body. Interestingly, excess plant sterols are not absorbed by the body but are eliminated. Additionally, the nutrient resveratrol helps to maintain LDL and triglyceride levels already in the normal range.
Recommended Use
Take 1 capsule with a meal three times daily.
CAUTION:Do not take this product if:pregnant, lactating or planning to become pregnant. Consult your health care professional before using if you are currently taking any cholesterol-lowering agents. Cholesterol levels should be checked regularly. For adults 20 years or older only. Keep out of the reach of children.
Artichoke leaves, phytosterols, inositol nicotinate, resveratrol and policosanol.


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CADASIL is a genetic disorder that affects the brain. A gene mutation affects the muscle cells surrounding small blood vessels in the brain. The damaged muscles cause damage to these blood vessels. It can impair blood flow. This can lead to migraines, strokes, and dementia.
For some people with CADASIL, symptoms develop around age 30. Others do not have symptoms until much later in life.
These symptoms may include:
- Migraine headaches
- Strokes (may have multiple strokes)
- Mental health issues, such as depression or anxiety
- Memory problems (dementia)
Your doctor will:
- Take your medical history, especially focusing on whether or not your parents or other family members have CADASIL
- Ask about your symptoms
- Do a physical exam
To diagnose CADASIL, your doctor may do tests, including:
- MRI of your brain—For detailed pictures of your brain
- A skin biopsy to look for changes in your small blood vessels
- Genetic tests to look for the NOTCH3 gene mutation
Researchers are studying ways to treat CADASIL. If you are diagnosed with this disorder, your doctor will work closely with you to create a treatment plan.
Treatment is focused on relieving your symptoms. This may include medication to treat:
- Migraines—May be over-the-counter pain relievers or prescription drugs
- Depression or anxiety
- Cognitive difficulties
Other medications may be given to reduce your risk of a stroke or heart attack. These may include daily aspirin or medication to lower blood pressure.
When prescribing medicine, your doctor will be very careful. Certain drugs can worsen your condition by further reducing blood flow in your brain.
Being diagnosed with CADASIL is a life-changing event. It is normal to have a range of emotions as a result. To help manage this change:
- Get support from family members and friends. Talk to them about your diagnosis.
- Consider a support group for people with genetic disorders.
- Become educated. Learn about CADASIL and ways that you can stay healthy.
There is no known way to prevent this disorder. But, if you have a family history of CADASIL, you can talk with a genetic counselor when deciding to have children.


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HSWRI researcher Michael Shane led the charge on the hands-on project, showing students how to monitor water quality in the sophisticated classroom aquaculture system, observe and understand various life stages, utilize technology employed in culturing the white sea bass, and tag and scan the fish for monitoring prior to their release in the wild.
"They are part of a larger program called the Ocean Resources Enhancement Hatchery Program, and we've released nearly two million fish through that program up and down the coast of Southern California," said Shane. "These fish will become part of that larger overall program, and these students are helping to replenish stocks of white sea bass, which have declined since the early 1950s."
By the time the fish were ready for release on Jan. 24 in Crown Point Park, students had learned the intricacies of sustainable fishing, the importance of aquaculture systems and how to monitor water quality and calculate waterflow-turnover rates during their lessons throughout the semester.
"They can actually compare with other schools that are participating and see how fast their fish are growing," said Shane. "Certainly the important message is our responsibility for the environment and sustainability of seafood and aquaculture."
By the end of the hands-on project, 22 of the sea bass survived, following casualties from euthanization due to physical damage.
Four of the fish were turned over to the California Department of Fish and Wildlife for health evaluations to look at growth abnormalities and parasites.
A total of18 fish were cleared for release on Jan. 24.
The average total length of the fish increased from 174 millimeters to 215 millimeters. The average weight increased from nearly 53 grams to more than 92 grams.


text: Gabriel Garcia Marquez was born in Aracataca, Colombia. After studying law and journalism at the National University of Colombia in Bogota, he became a journalist. In 1965, he left journalism, to devote himself to writing. Acclaimed for both his craft and his imagination, he has been called a master of myth and magical realism (a style of literature that makes use of fantastical, highly improbable, and sometimes supernatural events and characters). In his novels and stories he has created a fictional world out of his memories of the dust, rain, and boredom of life in an isolated Colombian community. His stories depict a world shaped by myth, history, politics, and nature. Garcia Marquez first created Macondo, his fictional town, in his short story collections Leaf Storm (1955) and No One Writes to the Colonel (1961), but it was the novel One Hundred Years of Solitude (1967) that brought both Macondo and Garcia Marquez to world attention. One Hundred Years of Solitude traces a century in the towns history, from its founding through its destruction by a cyclone. Skillfully blending the fantastic, the mythical, and the commonplace in a humorous and powerful narrative, Garcia Marquez tells a moving tale of people locked in an isolation, partly of their own making and partly due to U.S. and European cultural and political domination of Latin America. With this work, Garcia Marquez established himself internationally as a major novelist, and his reputation has continued to grow since he was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature in 1982.


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Come, Let Us Sing seeks to help us reform the musical dimension of church life by bringing biblical clarity to two key questions: Why do we come together? and Why do we sing together?
In answer to the first, Robert Smith navigates a path through the contemporary 'worship word wars', concluding that we gather both to worship God and to encourage others. Two questions must, therefore, be asked of everything we do: Does it glorify God? and Does it edify others?
As to why we sing, Smith unpacks three principal functions of congregational singing in Scripture – as a way of praising, a way of praying and a way of preaching. In so doing, he explores the necessity of singing scriptural truth, the value of psalmody, the place of emotions, the role of our bodies, and how singing expresses and enriches our unity.
Come, Let Us Sing is a timely call for the church to reclaim its biblical musical heritage and reform its musical practice.
Come, Let Us Sing: A call to musical reformation. is in the following collections:
The Church |
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Note on ω: You may also hear omega pronounced like long o in English go.
Note on ῳ: This is a so-called long diphthong, because it is a combination of long vowel ω and ι. The recommended pronunciation reflects postclassical practice. In the fifth century this was a true diphthong, but the iota part of the sound weakened during the fourth century to a glide and then disappeared. Click on the image of inscription ΟΙ to hear an approximation of the original diphthong and the weakened diphthong.
The iota in the three long diphthongs is presented in most texts as a subscript under the long vowel (iota subscript: ᾳ, ῃ, ῳ), a convention developed in medieval Greek manuscripts and imitated in the typographic conventions of Greek since the Renaissance. The earlier practice was to write iota in normal position at normal size after the vowel (iota adscript: αι, ηι, ωι). (For a short time around the 12th century some scribes wrote a slightly smaller iota just to the right of the vowel and slightly lowered.) In some modern editions you will see iota adscript.


In a continuing trend, employers are abandoning on-call scheduling as states and cities continue to pass predictive scheduling laws.
1. What is Predictive Scheduling?
Predictive scheduling laws require employers to give employees adequate notice of when they will work so that they can plan for and around their work shifts. The idea is that, unlike
As we previously shared in this blog, the U.S. Department of Labor's Wage and Hour Division ("WHD") issued an opinion letter in November 2018 changing the Department's position regarding whether and when an employer with tipped employees, such as a restaurant, can pay an employee a tipped wage less than the federal minimum wage.
Earlier today, the Ninth Circuit issued its opinion in cases involving the Department of Labor's ("DOL") "80/20 Rule" regarding what is commonly referred to as "sidework" in the restaurant industry. Agreeing with the arguments made by our new colleague Paul DeCamp, among others, the Ninth Circuit issued a decidedly employer-friendly decision. In so doing, it
By Kara Maciel
Our national hospitality practice frequently advises restaurant owners and operators on whether it is legal for employers to pass credit card swipe fees onto employees or even to guests, and the short answer is, yes, in most states. But whether an employer wants to actually pass along this charge and risk alienating
The New York State Department of Labor recently issued a proposed rule which would combine the current wage orders for the restaurant and hotel industries to form a single Minimum Wage Order for the Hospitality Industry. If adopted, the Wage Order would affect requirements related to the minimum wage, tip credits and pooling, customer service charges, allowances, overtime calculations, and other common issues within the restaurant and hotel industries. Additionally, the Wage Order would provide helpful guidance for traditionally ambiguous wage issues such as the handling of service charges and the definition of an employee uniform for purposes of a laundry allowance.
Continue Reading Newly Proposed Wage Order Merges Restaurant and Hotel Industry Wage and Hour Requirements


:
Setting the position of the legend at a particular position.
set(hleg1, 'Position', [.1,.2,.1,.2]);
Use besselj to plot Bessel functions for orders 1, 2, and 3. Add a legend for the lines at the upper right, outside the axes.
x = 0:.2:12;
hleg = legend('First','Second','Third',...
% Make the text of the legend italic and color it brown
Create a bar graph and overlay a line plot on it by setting hold on. Create a legend that reflects both graphs and locate it to the lower right, outside the axes:
stream = RandStream('mrg32k3a','Seed',4);
y1 = rand(stream,10,5);
hb = bar(y1,'stacked');
hold on
y2 = rand(stream,10,1);
hp = plot(1:10,y2,...
hold off
legend([hb,hp],'Carrots','Peas','Peppers','Green Beans',...
Add a legend to a selected axes on a graph with the Insert Legend tool on the figure toolbar, or use Insert > Legend from the figure menu. Use the Property Editor to modify the position, font, and other properties of a legend.
Moving the Legend
Move the legend by pressing the left mouse button while the cursor is over the legend and dragging the legend to a new location. Double-clicking a label allows you to edit the label.
See Also
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Persistence and Attainment
The second follow-up of students who began their postsecondary education in 1989–90 provides an opportunity to examine persistence and degree attainment after approximately 5 years, by which time rates of attainment for a bachelor's degree become meaningful.
Overall, half of all 1989–90 beginning postsecondary students had earned some type of degree by 1994. Another 13 percent were still enrolled, and the remaining 37 percent had left without attaining and were not enrolled in 1994 (Nuñez and Cuccaro-Alamin 1998). First-generation students were less likely than other students to have earned a bachelor's degree (13 versus 33 percent), about as likely to have earned an associate's degree (13 and 14 percent, respectively), and more likely to have earned a vocational certificate (18 versus 9 percent). First-generation students were also more likely than others to have left without a degree (45 versus 29 percent).
Multivariate analysis confirms that, among those who intended to earn a degree or certificate, first-generation students were less likely to reach their goals even after controlling for other factors also related to persistence and attainment, including socioeconomic status, age, enrollment status, sex, race/ethnicity, type of institution, and academic and social integration. In other words, first-generation status appears to be a disadvantage throughout postsecondary education that is independent of other background and enrollment factors. For this cohort, information on their financial aid history and high school coursetaking is not available. Thus their effects on persistence cannot be determined.


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Long Term Stability Assessment and Monitoring of Flooded Shafts
The main objective of the EU project STAMS is to develop robotic inspection technologies to monitor and assess the stability of flooded shafts over 2 km deep during long periods of time. This objective will be achieved taking periodic and continuous measurements.
For the continuous measures, a sensor network will be installed along the shaft, and a robot for fixing the sensors will be developed. All the changes and measures will be analyzed in real time, and in situ with a software control


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A DMV fatality hearing occurs when a motorist is suspected of causing an accident that leads to someone's death or serious injury. The hearing is a legal proceeding to determine whether the DMV will suspend the driving privileges of the person at fault for the accident.
These administrative hearings take place at a DMV office and are conducted by a DMV hearing officer. During the hearing, the officer presents evidence that supports the suspension of a driver's license. The motorist then has the chance to support evidence that challenges suspension.
If the DMV decides to suspend a person's license, it can do so for one year or more.
A driver can request a DMV hearing to:
- challenge this decision, and
- get a driver's license revocation set aside.
Some of the best ways to prepare for a fatality hearing are to:
- seek the help of an experienced DMV hearing lawyer, and
- organize and review any evidence that rebuts license suspension.
Our California criminal defense attorneys will highlight the following in this article:
- 1. What is a DMV fatality hearing?
- 2. What happens if a driver does not attend a fatality hearing?
- 3. What happens during a DMV fatality hearing?
- 4. Can a person challenge a decision at these hearings?
- 5. How should a person prepare?
1. What is a DMV fatality hearing?
A fatality hearing is a legal proceeding conducted by the California Department of Motor Vehicles.
The DMV hearing takes place after the DMV labels a driver a negligent operator because:
- the driver caused or contributed to a traffic accident, and
- a person died or was seriously injured in that accident.1
The Department holds the hearing to determine if it should:
- suspend the motorist's driving privileges, and
- do so because of the accident.2
Both the DMV and the subject driver can introduce evidence during the hearing.
The Department presents evidence to support a license suspension. Some evidence that may show this includes:
- an accident report,
- medical reports of injured parties,
- the motorist's driving record, and
- witness testimony, such as by law enforcement.
The driver can then present evidence to challenge a suspension. Evidence of this nature includes:
- the motorist's driving record (to show a history of safe driving),
- the accident report (to show that the driver did not cause it),
- medical reports of injured parties (to show no death or serious injury), and
- witness testimony (to support any of the above claims).
Note that the DMV can subject a driver to a fatality hearing even if the motorist was not the sole cause of the accident. The Department can hold a hearing if a driver:
- caused the accident, or
- contributed to it in any way.
2. What happens if a driver does not attend a fatality hearing?
The DMV sends a driver a "Notice of Suspension" after labeling the person a negligent operator.
If a driver ignores this notice, or does not attend a hearing, the DMV will:
- suspend or revoke the motorist's driving privileges, and
- do so for one year.3
The one-year period may be even greater if the driver has a poor driving history.
After the suspension period is over, the motorist has to reinstate his or her license. This requires:
- paying fees, and
- filing an SR-22 Insurance Form.4
Note that the latter causes a substantial increase in the person's auto insurance.
3. What happens during a DMV fatality hearing?
A hearing takes place at a DMV Driver Safety Office. It is conducted by a DMV hearing officer.
An officer is a Department employee and is not:
- a lawyer, or
- a judge.
The hearing officer begins the hearing by introducing the Department's case. This means presenting evidence that supports license suspension.
The subject driver then has the chance to present evidence that challenges suspension. The motorist wants to show that:
- he or she did not contribute to or cause,
- a traffic collision that caused a death or serious injury.
Note that a driver has the right to an attorney throughout the hearing process to help accomplish this aim.
If the DMV decides to suspend a person's license, it can do so for one year or more.5
4. Can a person challenge a decision at these hearings?
A driver can request a DMV hearing to:
- challenge the Department's decision, and
- get a driver's license suspension set aside.6
A hearing officer may decide the following after a hearing:
- a license suspension gets set aside.
- the motorist gets placed on negligent operator probation. This means a suspension does not go into effect. It will though if the driver commits a violation or an accident.
- the driver gets a suspension but is granted a restricted license, or
- a license gets suspended.7
5. How should a person prepare?
A motorist can do many things to prepare for a fatality hearing. Some of the best are:
- contact an experienced DMV attorney for help at the hearing,
- collect, organize, and review any evidence that challenges a license suspension,
- contact persons who can testify at the hearing about safe driving history.
The subject driver should also contact the DMV and get a copy of his/her driving history. If it is clean, the motorist can use this as evidence. The history will show that:
- despite the accident in question,
- the driver is a skilled and safe driver and another car accident is not likely to occur.
For additional help…
Accused of causing a serious or fatal accident? To discuss your case with a criminal defense attorney, we invite you to contact us at Shouse Law Group.
- California DMV website – Negligent Operator Hearings, Guidelines and Actions.
- See same. See also California Vehicle Code 13800a VC.
- California DMV website – Financial Responsibility (Insurance) Requirements for Vehicle Registration (FFVR 18).
- California Vehicle Code 14100.
- California Vehicle Code 12813.


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Purpose: To report a case of progressive outer retinal necrosis (PORN) presenting as a cherry red spot. Methods: Case report. Results: A 53-year-old woman with recently diagnosed HIV and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) aseptic meningitis developed rapid sequential vision loss in both eyes over 2 months. Her exam showed a "cherry red spot" in both maculae with peripheral atrophy and pigmentary changes, consistent with PORN. Due to her late presentation and the rapid progression of her condition, she quickly developed end-stage vision loss in both eyes. Conclusions: PORN should be considered within the differential diagnosis of a "cherry red spot." Immune-deficient patients with a history of herpetic infection who present with visual loss warrant prompt ophthalmological evaluation.
- Cherry red spot
- Herpes zoster
- Progressive outer retinal necrosis
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Immunology and Allergy


agents; the other was the unpaid work serfs did for the local government of Tibet and its subordinates. The heaviest was transport corvee, because Tibet is large but sparsely populated and transport was inconvenient, necessitating the transport of all kinds of goods by humans or pack animals. Year after year, serfs were made to transport materials over mountains and rivers for the local government. This gave rise to the saying, "The boots have no soles, and the backs of the cattle are hairless."


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YoH (Youth on Health) groups were established within the Primary Care Trust to enable young people to have a say on health issues that mattered to them. Young people conducted research within local schools and came up with a number of proposals to improve the nutritional value of food. They also addressed issues of how lunch times were organised. Changes made included abolishing separate dinning for pupils with packed lunches so friends can sit together, healthy vending machines and the introduction of salad bars and water fountains.
The EEFO programme seeks to address barriers which prohibit young people from accessing the services that they need. Young people trained to become young assessors i.e. mystery shoppers and went on to evaluate a sample of services offering sexual health provision. Feedback/recommendations from the young assessors have been incorporated into the new quality standards and these will improve access to and improve the service provided by sexual health services for young people.
As part of a mystery shopping exercise a young person was refused the right to travel because he did not have his half price B-Line card. Company policy requires the bus driver to nonetheless, allow them to travel. This was fed back to the bus company who reiterated to their bus drivers their policy regarding allowing young people to travel.


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First a video re "Garden Tour (Earthworms in Bog)", then some pics of earthworms from our Earthworm Bin (below the video):
Garden Tour (Earthworms in Bog) (video):
Earthworms from our Earthworm Bin (pics):
Pics and captions from Tony's new book, Habitat It and They will Come :
Figure 4.143 Earthworm Bin Harvest. Worm bin harvest layer over planting mix. The worms and microbes will continue to feed on the organic matter like the eggshell and rhubarb stalk section shown. And when all those microbe and crawly critters take a break from eating, they might just breed, or die. The planting bed has been inoculated with Life — life that translates to nutritious and well-aerated soil for the kiwi vines.
Figure 4.190 With A Little Help From My Friends. Earthworm bin harvest to be placed at the crown of the tree. These red wiggler worms, a typical compost pile worm, may not stay in the tree mound and surrounding soil on a long-term basis but they will enrich and aerate the soil till they do leave.
Happy earthworm harvest and see you tomorrow.


text:
Editorial Summary: Neuroscience: Space travel on the brain
The combined effects of low-gravity conditions and exposure to radiation in space may have subtle neurological and behavioral effects.
The combined effects of low-gravity conditions and exposure to radiation in space may have subtle neurological and behavioral effects. Both of these environmental factors have the potential to induce physiological changes in astronauts, but few studies have directly examined the interplay between them. Xiao Wen Mao and colleagues at Loma Linda University in the USA assessed the impact of experimental simulations of microgravity conditions and chronic exposure to low-dose gamma radiation on mice. After three weeks of simulated microgravity and low-dose radiation exposure, animals subjected to microgravity-like conditions exhibited increased exploratory and risk-taking behavior relative to controls up to 8 months, with no other apparent changes in cognitive function. The combination of microgravity and radiation was also tentatively linked with increased leakiness of the blood vessels within the brain, an effect that could adversely influence both behavior and neurological health.
Taken from the Open Access article: Long-term effects of simulated microgravity and/or chronic exposure to low-dose gamma radiation on behavior and blood–brain barrier integrity


text:
All things, including water, can be measured in density. Density is how much stuff is packed into the same amount of space. So a cup of water compared with a cup of honey — which is more dense? It's the gloopy, thick honey.
Solid things, including your bones, can be measured in density. Nice, solid bones will be strong, less likely to break, and have high bone density. If you get enough calcium when you're young, your bones are more likely to be dense and strong for your whole life. So drink milk and eat other calcium-rich foods!
Make a Candy-Colored Rainbow
But back to our density rainbow: Plain water is less dense than water mixed with other stuff, such as dissolved candy (sugar). In this experiment, you'll dissolve small and large amounts of candy into water. Then you can carefully layer the different-colored waters in a glass.
The water that contains only two dissolved candies will float on top of the water mixtures that contain four, six, eight, and 10 dissolved candies. Why? The water mixtures that are less dense (fewer candies) will float on top of the layers that are more dense (more candies).
What you need:
Microwave-safe measuring cup
Five small cups
A clear glass to display your rainbow
A wide spoon
Skittles in these colors: red, orange, yellow, green, and purple
What to do:
Warm a cup of water in the microwave for about 30 seconds. (Ask an adult for help with this step.)
Put 2 tablespoons of warm water into each of the five cups.
Cup 1 will be red: Add 2 red Skittles.
Cup 2 will be orange: Add 4 orange Skittles.
Cup 3 will be yellow: Add 6 yellow Skittles.
Cup 4 will be green: Add 8 green Skittles.
Cup 5 will be purple: Add 10 purple Skittles.
Allow the Skittles to dissolve in the cups for 1 hour. (It may take longer for them to dissolve. Using warm water will help.) Remove or ignore the waxy film that will float on the surface.
When the candies are entirely dissolved, begin with the purple cup. Pour the purple water into the clear glass.
Use the backside of a spoon with the tip touching the side of glass to carefully add each new layer of color, beginning with green. Slowly pour the green water over the backside of the spoon so the green water rests on top of — instead of mixing with — the purple water.
Repeat with the rest of the colors, in this order: yellow, orange, red.
Your rainbow won't last forever so enjoy it while it lasts!


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Jump to Main Content
A systems approach for quality assessment of kiwifruit during the postharvest handling, storage and shelf life
- Sfakiotakis, E., Tzitzira, M., Stilianaki, G., Karassaridou, A., Branioti, D.
- Acta horticulturae 2003 no.610 pp. 295-306
- postharvest treatment, probability distribution, shelf life, total soluble solids, market prices, fruit quality, firmness, sorting, kiwifruit, markets, Greece
- A systems approach was used to measure the inherent variation in fruit quality that manifests during the postharvest life of kiwifruit. Quality changes were followed in a large number of fruit after sorting, storage and during shelf-life. In the same study, an effort was made to estimate the potential marketing and consumption period during the postharvest life of kiwifruit produced in the co-operative of Episcopi of Macedonia-North Greece. Measurements of firmness and soluble solids content showed great variability. By implementing probability distribution plots and by placing tolerance (upper and lower) limits for quality attributes (firmness, soluble solids content) it is possible to estimate the actual period of time for purchase quality (Qp) and consumption quality (Qc). To capture full market price for kiwifruit, retail distribution must sell before Qp reaches its minimal acceptable level. The present postharvest handling system appears to have developed primarily to serve the distributors and handlers, not to satisfy consumers. The analysis showed that greater emphasis should be given to meeting the consumers needs in terms of quality attributes (Fm and SSC). Means to ameliorate the variability of internal quality attributes are discussed. This problem for kiwifruit marketing challenges postharvest scientists to develop techniques to segregate the fruit at harvest non-destructively on the basis of internal quality attributes, thus minimising variation and satisfying the consumer.


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People generally understand what the term cremation means. When we are asked for a detailed definition, however, we tend to hesitate while searching for appropriate words. A suggested definition of cremation is the: "The mechanical and/or thermal or other dissolution process that reduces human remains to bone fragments." Cremation includes the processing and usually includes the pulverization of the bone fragments.
This definition covers a variety of technologies that may be applied in order to achieve reduction to bone fragments, including traditional flame-based cremation, calcination and alkaline hydrolysis.


Talent Acquisition
How You Can Prepare Your Clients for the Millennial Workforce
According to PWC, millennials will make up 50% of the UK workforce by 2020. This, combined with the lowest unemployment rate since the 1970s, has led HR professionals and employers across the UK to re-examine recruitment best practice. From benefits package updates to policy changes, we explore some of the ways you can advise your clients on how to secure the best millennial talent.
1. Illustrate the importance of a business' reputation
Gone are the days when a young person is grateful to land a job anywhere, regardless of the workplace culture and industry reputation. 78% of people will look up an employer's reputation before applying for a role. Interestingly, money won't sway them with half the number of candidates applying for roles saying they wouldn't work for a company with a poor reputation, even for a pay increase. There should be a focus on managers and recruitment teams working with marketing and branding to improve the way the business is perceived by the outside world. As a recruiter, can you guide your clients, give them examples of other companies that do this well, and the wins they enjoy as a result?
2. Discuss diversity initiatives
With increasing numbers of millennials entering the workplace, it follows that their thoughts and concerns are being heavily considered in terms of policy changes. 47% of millennials list diversity and inclusion as important factors in their job search. It is worth checking with the client that they have an open dialogue in the workplace surrounding equality – regardless of age, race, gender, sexuality, and disability. If your client does not already do so, provide guidance around targets or quotas to address a lack of diversity within the company – this can be seen as a very positive step in rectifying any outdated policies.
3. Erase the stigma of mental health
Millennials may come across as confident and demanding in the workplace, but anxiety and depression are widespread throughout the younger generation. The research points to the fact that manifestations of mental ill-health, including loneliness and panic attacks, are characteristics of the youth of today (more so than other generations at the same age). As a result, millennials have a greater awareness of their mental health and the support available to them in the workplace. From mental health first aiders through to duvet days, there are a plethora of steps your client can take to reduce the stigma surrounding mental health at work.
4. Understand the 'social bottom line'
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has been coined as millennials' 'new religion', which is no surprise when they have grown up through the age of global warming, televised wars, revolutions and aid missions. The numbers don't lie and, according to Cone Communications, 75% of millennials would happily take a pay cut if they could work for a socially responsible organization. They want to make sure they are contributing to a company that is serious about leaving a positive footprint on the world and environment. Have a discussion with your client about their current CSR activities, so as to be able to effectively communicate those with potential talent.
These topics make up a small selection of talking points, but will hopefully leave your client with a positive impression of your industry expertise.
By David Morel


Prize Recipient
Emma Must
1995 Europe
Land Preservation
Her campaign against a nationwide road-building program resulted in the cancellation of 60 road projects and the development of new transportation policies.
In 1989, the British Department of Transport announced a £23 billion national road building program, which was boasted as the largest of its kind since the Roman Empire. The plan would destroy hundreds of officially designated protected sites for wildlife, history and landscape and devastate local communities.
On her way to Winchester every day to work as a children's librarian, Emma Must passed Twyford Down, a hillside that was known in England for its rare natural habitats and archeological significance. Despite 20 years of overwhelming local opposition, highway construction through the down began in 1992. Unable to tolerate this destruction, Must joined a small group of youths camped on the hill to protect it. The group was forcibly removed from the site and it seemed that the battle was lost. However, new inspiration came from Must, who began to mobilize large protests. By using tactics that included chaining herself to a bulldozer, she brought national attention to the issue. In the coming months, more than 50 peaceful demonstrations took place. Must was later imprisoned for defying a High Court injunction by participating in a demonstration. She then joined the organization Alarm UK!, an umbrella group for the nationwide road building protest, and continued to work with local anti-road groups by promoting direct action, building coalitions and pressing for policy reforms.
Though ultimately Twyford Down was not saved, it drew the country's attention to the nation's massive road building program and symbolized a turning point in the campaign to stop it. The movement grew and crossed all social and political boundaries. In response to the public outcry, the British Department of Transport completely reversed its road building policies in 1994. In the summer of 1998, the new British government published the first white paper on the subject in 20 years, laying out proposals for legislation on sustainable transport. The National Roads Programme has been cut to just 37 schemes, out of almost 600 in 1989, a true victory for the anti-roads movement. Must, through her work with Transport 2000, developed a network of regional grassroots campaigners to help ensure that the alternatives are carried out on the local level.
Meanwhile, Must has been spreading the word to campaigners in Central and Eastern Europe, helping to set up an East/West network tackling the Trans-European Road Network and passing along lessons learned in the United Kingdom regarding halting large-scale road-building. Must has also worked with the World Development Movement in London, calling multinational corporations into account for their overseas activities.
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1995 Goldman Environmental Prize recipient Emma Must1995 Goldman Prize recipient Emma Must holding the Ouroboros statuette1995 Goldman Prize winner Emma Must1995 Goldman Prize winner Emma Must drew attention to a massive highway building project in the UK
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Let $v_1, \dots, v_m$ be a linearly dependent list of vectors.
If $v_1 \ne 0$, then there is some $v_j$ in the span of $v_1, \dots, v_{j-1}$
If we let j be the smallest integer with this property, and apply the gram-schmidt procedure to produce an orthonormal list $(e_1, \dots, e_{j-1})$ then $v_j$ is in the span of $(e_1, \dots, e_{j-1})$ and
$$v_j = \langle v_j, e_1\rangle e_1+ \dots + \langle v_j, e_{j-1}\rangle e_{j-1}$$
Why does this guarantee that length of $v_j$=0? I'm missing something about linear dependence that should probably be obvious sorry :\
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The Gram-Schmidt process goes as follows: given $v_1,\ldots,v_n$, you define $$\begin{align*} u_1 &= v_1\\ e_1 &= \frac{1}{||u_1||}u_1;\\ u_2 &= v_2 - \langle v_2,e_1\rangle e_1;\\ e_2 &= \frac{1}{||u_2||}u_2;\\ &\vdots\\ u_{k+1} &= v_{k+1} - \left(\langle v_{k+1},e_1\rangle e_1 + \langle v_{k+1},e_2\rangle e_2 + \cdots + \langle v_{k+1},e_k\rangle e_k\right)\\ e_{k+1}&= \frac{1}{||u_{k+1}||}u_{k+1}\\ &\vdots \end{align*}$$
So when you construct $u_{j}$, you get $\mathbf{0}$, and when you try to construct $e_{j}$ you attempt to divide by $0$. It's not $v_j$ which has length $0$, it's $u_j$.
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I see, thank you. – fdart17 Mar 29 '11 at 5:04
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It does not guarantee that. What it guarantees is that $v_j - \langle v_j, e_1\rangle e_1- \dots - \langle v_j, e_{j-1}\rangle e_{j-1} = 0$, which means that you cannot define $e_j$ by dividing this vector by its norm. Instead, you throw it away and move on to $v_{j+1}$.
E.g., consider the case $v_1\neq 0$ and $v_2=v_1$.
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Thank you, this also helped with the simple example. – fdart17 Mar 29 '11 at 5:06
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Fast Path Decimal to Floating-Point Conversion
Copyright © 2008-2014 Exploring Binary
In general, to convert an arbitrary decimal number into a binary floating-point number, arbitrary-precision arithmetic is required. However, a subset of decimal numbers can be converted correctly with just ordinary limited-precision IEEE floating-point arithmetic, taking what I call the fast path to conversion. Fast path conversion is an optimization used in practice: it's in David Gay's strtod() function and in Java's FloatingDecimal class. I will explain how fast path conversion works, and describe the set of numbers that qualify for it.
An Unnormalized Form of Decimal Scientific Notation
Any number can be expressed in decimal scientific notation, a form where it is written as a product of its significant digits and a power of ten. Conventionally, the significant digits are expressed in normalized form, where the first digit is between 1 and 9, and any subsequent digits follow a decimal point. For example, 0.0926 would be written as 9.26 x 10-2, and 7390 would be written as 7.390 x 103.
In the context of decimal to floating-point conversion, a nonstandard, unnormalized form of scientific notation is used, where the significant digits are written as an integer. For example, 0.0926 would be written as 926 x 10-4, and 7390 would be written as 739 x 101.
In this unnormalized form, there are two cases: one where the integer containing the significant digits is multiplied by a nonnegative power of ten, and one where it's multiplied by a negative power of ten. It's convenient to think of the latter case as a fraction, where the significant digits integer is divided by the corresponding positive power of ten. For example, 926 x 10-4 equals 926/104. These two cases — multiplication or division of an integer by a power of ten that is an integer — form the basis of fast path conversion.
The Fast Path
For the fast path conversion process, we take a decimal number, represented as a string, and convert it to the nearest IEEE double-precision binary floating-point number. You can view this process as having two main steps. In the first step, floating-point integers s and p are created: s represents the significant digits of the decimal number (positive or negative), and p represents the corresponding nonnegative power of ten. In the second step, an IEEE floating-point multiplication or division (the fmul or fdiv instruction on Intel processors) operates on s and p, producing the desired double-precision result.
This process is guaranteed to work only when s and p are exactly representable in double-precision; this happens when their binary representations have no 1 bits beyond bit 53. The values of p that meet this criteria are 100 ≤ p ≤ 1022. The values of s that meet this criteria are, by definition, all floating-point integers. (Think of it this way: Take any floating-point integer and print all the digits of its decimal equivalent — that would be a valid value for s. For example, 52882540679000003517910258026656900519026609372478984461456769024, which is the floating-point integer 0x1.0119c58f25bc6p+215.)
Practically speaking, there is no simple test to check all the valid values of s. But there is a simple test that identifies a subset of its values, 0 ≤ s ≤ 253 – 1 = 9,007,199,254,740,991. I will consider only these 253 values as fast path cases.
This process relies implicitly on two things — that base conversion between integers is exact, and that IEEE multiplication and division produce correctly rounded results. Under these conditions, a maximum of one rounding is done; the result is a correctly rounded decimal to floating-point conversion.
Regarding the power of ten, it can be looked up in a table, or it can be computed. If it's computed — say naively by repeated multiplication by ten — it will be done exactly. Also, if p = 1, a further optimization applies — the multiplication can be skipped.
Here are some examples that qualify for fast path conversion:
|Decimal Literal||s||p||Mult or Div?|
Fast Path Cases In Disguise
There is another set of decimal numbers that can be transformed easily into fast path multiplication cases: numbers with a p greater than 1022 but with an s that can be multiplied by those excess powers of ten and still remain exact. For example, take the number 123e34. As written, it has s = 123 and p = 1034; p is too big. However, if you treat it as 123000000000000e22, it qualifies as a fast path case. You transform it by multiplying s by 1012 and by using a p that's 12 orders of magnitude smaller. In other words, if you can transfer the extra powers of ten to the significant digits, you have a fast path case.
The Fast Path in David Gay's strtod()
David Gay's strtod() function implements a fast path for significant digits 0 ≤ s ≤ 1015 – 1 = 999,999,999,999,999 and powers of ten 100 ≤ p ≤ 1022 (the powers of ten are precomputed and stored in a table). It also handles the "disguised" fast path cases, up to the same 15-digit limit.
Why is strtod()'s fast path limited to 15 digits? My guess is because that was the easiest check to make; all integers of 15 digits or less are exact. But what about the remaining fast path cases? At a minimum, we could easily allow any s up to 8,999,999,999,999,999 — an eightfold increase in the number of fast path cases. All we'd need to do is add a check for "number of digits = 16 and first digit ≤ 8."
To cover the remaining cases, we could convert the entire 16-digit string to a double and then check whether its value is less than or equal to 253 – 1. The code currently converts the significant digits to a double anyhow, so why not use it for an additional fast path test? In fact, why not check the double value exclusively, skipping testing of the string altogether?
I have a note out to Dave Gay asking him these questions; I'll update this article if he responds. Update: Dave Gay agrees that the change to check for 16 digits/first digit ≤ 8 would work and would be simple enough, but he's not sure if it is worth making.)
The Fast Path in Java's FloatingDecimal Class
Java does its decimal to floating-point conversion in the doubleValue() method of its FloatingDecimal class. It is modeled on David Gay's strtod(), and covers the exact set of fast path cases.
Fast Path Vs. the Arbitrary-Precision Integer Algorithm
Fast path conversion is simple because most of the work is done in IEEE floating-point. Contrast this with the arbitrary-precision integer conversion algorithm, which
- Scales the fraction to make rounding of the significand easier.
- Normalizes the result.
- Encodes the result in IEEE floating-point format.
In IEEE floating-point, scaling is unnecessary; correct rounding is handled automatically. Also, there is no need for explicit normalization, nor any need to encode the result — it's already encoded! Additionally, IEEE floating-point handles the edge case, where the significand would otherwise round up to 253.
The fast path reduces decimal to floating-point conversion to this: parsing of the decimal string, creation of two binary floating-point integers to represent it, and delegation of the hard work to a single floating-point instruction.
Processor Rounding Mode
Because the fast path algorithm uses IEEE arithmetic, it will be sensitive to the processor rounding mode. Typically, the rounding mode is set to round-to-nearest, but it could be set to one of three other modes. A conversion routine must ensure that both its fast path and arbitrary-precision path round the same way.


Get rolling with your Medicine Ball
A medicine ball can be a massive help for any beginner, especially while you work developing power and core muscles. A Medicine ball not only harnesses the natural elastic components of your muscles but also works on its tendons. Your strength, power and endurance drastically improves when you execute strength training and plyometric exercises with the medicine ball.
Medicine balls are available in many different designs, sizes and weights ranging from 1-50 lbs.
Choose Wisely:
 - Getting the right medicine ball is extremely important, weight of the ball must coincide with your physical limitations. A heavier ball can hamper your movement and stamina levels, it can even land you with a serious injury.
 - The ball should be heavy enough to create a notable change in your movement but not so heavy that it weakens your control and accuracy.
 - If you need the ball for exercises that require bouncing it then get a rubber ball but if you need it for throwing and catching exercises then a leather or nylon ball should be preferred.
 - It is not necessary for a smaller ball to be light and a ball bigger in size to be heavy, but a bigger ball can be very useful for exercises such as the overhead medicine ball squat or the overhead medicine ball throw. Exercises that are manageable at an arm's length should preferably be performed with a smaller ball.
Here are a few basic exercises to get you going with your medicine ball:
V-Ups with the Medicine Ball:
While holding the medicine ball, lie straight on your back and stretch your arms and legs midair. Continue holding the ball with your stretched out arms and get into a V seated position and bring the ball and your legs at an overhead position.
Complete 3 sets of 3 repetitions.
Chest Pass:
Remember your high school basketball training? Solid chest passes? Exactly the same routine with your medicine ball. Get a partner to stand almost 15-20 feet's away from your position and slightly flex your knees while keeping your abdominals tight. Pass and receive the ball at chest level.
Perform this exercise for 10 minutes straight.
Depth Push-Ups with the Medicine Ball:
With extended elbows put both of your hands on the ball and lie the push-up position. When you're ready then quickly remove your hands from the ball and land on the ground while performing a push-up with your chest touching the ball. And then rapidly get your hands back on the ball and perform these depth push-ups for 2 sets of 10 repetitions.
Backward Overhead Throw:
Start in a squat position while holding the ball between your legs and with a swift movement release the ball over your head and try to improve your throw with every attempt.
Perform this exercise for 10 minutes straight.
It is absolutely essential to use the Medicine Ball with good movement and control. A wrongly weighted ball can get you in trouble and may even cause an injury. Get an expert advice before making the purchase and try to go for a well trusted brand instead of an unknown one.