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IUCN releases Report on Indigenous and Traditional peoples
04 March 2008 | News story
IUCN has just produced a report called Indigenous and Traditional Peoples and Climate Change, to be released on 14 March 2008. Using as a reference the map Indigenous and Traditional Peoples of the World and the Global 200 Ecoregions, published by WWF in 2000, the report helps visualize how the impacts predicted in the reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change could affect such groups.
Does climate change have specific implications for indigenous and traditional peoples of the world?
This question has been raised lately, but no comprehensive analysis has been done yet to answer it. Research has been conducted in some places, notably the Arctic, and some policy discussions have also taken place. Indigenous peoples' organizations have been requesting for some time to be involved in the climate change policy debates, with limited results. The next session of the UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues (May 2008) will be again a venue to address this issue, and proposals have been submitted to host related discussions at IUCN's Fourth World Conservation Congress.
For the report literature was examined on specific regional and ecosystem issues, and illustrative cases were collected.
As described in the report, there are at least three particular types of links between climate change and indigenous and traditional cultures:
- Traditional peoples have developed knowledge about climate variability and extreme natural events, due to their long and deep dependence on and relationship with natural phenomena.
- Traditional cultures have also developed strategies to adapt to climate variability, particularly in regions where the productivity of ecosystems is highly dependent on specific climatic conditions, such as the Arctic or the Sahel. Nomadic and transhumant pastoralism is one of such adaptations.
- Due to high dependence on natural ecosystems, the occupation of marginal lands, and a fragile situation in socio-economic and political terms, indigenous and traditional cultures are especially vulnerable to climate change and extreme natural phenomena. This is particularly evident in regions like the Arctic, the arid lands of Africa, and the islands of Oceania. The current rate of loss of traditional languages is already four times higher than biodiversity loss; with climate change, the loss of languages and cultures is likely to reach dramatic proportions.


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Behind the Scenes at Castle Keepers House Cleaning
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Behind the Scenes at Castle Keepers House Cleaning
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 1. What is DI water? Hear why we use, where can they get it, and how to cut costs with a dilution system.
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 3. Company cars - How do you figure out the cost? How long do they last? How do you maintain them? How much business do you get from them?
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 5. Where to purchase
Sales—How we reinvented the process to sell in multiple markets from a support center
 1. How do we quote? Why do we quote by the room?
 2. The advantages and disadvantages of in-person, phone, and online quoting
 3. What is our follow up process? How many calls and emails do we make?
 4. What are some tips and tricks to selling over the phone?
 5. Listen to a great sales call and unpack why it worked.
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 1. The Cleaning Scorecard (reviews)
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Q&A and Create your Plan
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Another method of filtering projects or activities in Activity Center is by dates.
- Start date
- End date
- Creation date
- Actual completion date
Filtering procedure is essentially whatever date you want to filter by. What is described below is for project start date.
To filter projects by start date:
- Open Activity Center.
- Click the advanced filters button ().
- Go to Resources & Constraints tab.
- Under Dates, click the 'More' button to access available date filters.
- Select the appropriate filter (Project start date).
- Select one or both of two options:
- Under Filter by timeframe, select an option and click 'Apply'.
- Under Filter by period, select a date range and click 'Apply'.
- The list will be updated to show only projects that meet the selected filter.
The filters appears as a box above the project list.
To cancel the active filter or filters, close the respective box(es) by clicking the 'X' at their top right corner.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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While out in Boston a couple of weeks ago, I of course took the time to roam through the cemeteries. Since I was without a car, I went through the cemeteries which are close to the downtown area and those on the Freedom Trail, a 3 mile walking tour through Boston which goes by the historic sites, such as Paul Revere's house and the Old North Church. One of the cemeteries on the Freedom Trail is Copp's Hill Cemetery, where I found this stone.
David Copp, son of David and Obedience, died at the age of 2 Weeks, on December 22, 1661. Thomas Copp died at the age of 2 years and 3 quarters, on July 25, 1678. Notice that some of the letters in the carving are raised above the other letters. This was not an uncommon practice. If the person carving the stone ran out of room, he would often carve the remaining letters above the others, rather than discarding the whole stone and starting over.
Also of interest on this marker is the use of the term "3 quarters" when referring to the age of Thomas. I think that this is the first time I have seen this wording on a grave marker.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Filed Under: Category
Ontario borders on four of the five Great Lakes and we have more than a quarter of a million lakes, rivers and streams and rich groundwater resources – not to mention a multitude of plants and animals that necessarily thrive in such lush surroundings. This natural wealth is a blessing. It's the basis for our prosperity, our growth and our quality of life.
But with great wealth, comes great responsibility. All of us in Ontario have a role to play in protecting our fresh water. Our lives depend upon it as much as the air we breathe and the soil we till.
The government's aim is to protect both our drinking water and our fresh water resources at large from pollution, whether it's from industrial sources, sewage systems, chemicals in use at farms, or any other source – even rainwater containing particulates from polluted air.
Protecting water at its source is the first step in ensuring that every Ontarian has access to safe drinking water. By stopping contaminants from getting into sources of drinking water - lakes, rivers and aquifers - we can provide the first line of defense in the protection of our environment and the health of Ontarians.


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Friday, December 12, 2003
Evidence and Holism: Judgments about Wholes and Parts in Evidence Assessment
There is an important new article about the assessment of evidence in litigation: Dan Simon, Chadwick Snow & Stephen Read, "The Redux of Cognitive Consistency Theories: Evidence Judgments by Constraint Satisfaction." The authors' abstract states that "making decisions from multiple pieces of evidence is... is bi-directional - decisions follow from the evidence, but evaluations of the evidence shift towards coherence with the emerging decision." The paper is not pure speculation: the authors report results from five empirical studies that test and substantiate their hypothesis.


Hibiscus Flowers Whole
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Botanical Name: Hibiscus sabdariffa
Origin: India
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The leaves, young shoots, and flowers from Hibiscus sabdariffa are common sources of food and drink throughout the tropical regions where this plant thrives. Its large, showy flowers are most commonly brewed as hibiscus tea. In the Caribbean, the vibrantly red infusion is mixed with rum and served as a cocktail. Our whole, organic dried hibiscus flowers can be used in culinary recipes and make a lovely addition to botanical tea blends.
There are over 220 species within the genus Hibiscus which belong to the Malvaceae plant family. Hibiscus plants grow in most tropical areas of the world, with a minority of species able to survive in freezing environments. The abundant species found in the tropics cannot tolerate more than a few days of freezing weather and will die if such conditions persist. Hibiscus flowers come in a magnificent variety of colors. Also called roselle and ambashthaki.
Hibiscus flowers are the main ingredient in many wonderfully refreshing teas made around the world, especially in Mexico, Latin America, and North Africa. A tea known as Agua de Jamaica, or simply Jamaica in Mexico, is usually served chilled with copious amounts of sugar to sweeten the natural tartness of the hibiscus.
Hibiscus flowers are often intercropped with peanuts. Occasionally fragments of peanut shells are present. Caution for individuals with severe peanut allergies. We recommend that you consult with a qualified healthcare practitioner before using herbal products, particularly if you are pregnant, nursing, or on any medications.


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Estimation of species richness of local communities has become an important topic in community ecology and monitoring. Investigators can seldom enumerate all the species present in the area of interest during sampling sessions. If the location of interest is sampled repeatedly within a short time period, the number of new species recorded is typically largest in the initial sample and decreases as sampling proceeds, but new species may be detected if sampling sessions are added. The question is how to estimate the total number of species. The data collected by sampling the area of interest repeatedly can be used to build species-accumulation curves: the cumulative number of species recorded as a function of the number of sampling sessions (which we refer to as?species-accumulation data?). A classic approach used to compute total species richness is to fit curves to the data on species accumulation with sampling effort. This approach does not rest on direct estimation of the probability of detecting species during sampling sessions and has no underlying basis regarding the sampling process that gave rise to the data. Here we recommend a probabilistic, nonparametric estimator for species richness for use with species-accumulation data. We use estimators of population size that were developed for capture-recapture data, but that can be used to estimate the size of species assemblages using species-accumulation data. Models of detection probability account for the underlying sampling process. They permit variation in detection probability among species. We illustrate this approach using data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS). We describe other situations where species accumulation data are collected under different designs (e.g., over longer periods of time, or over spatial replicates) and that lend themselves to use of capture-recapture models for estimating the size of the community of interest. We discuss the assumptions and interpretations corresponding to each situation.
Additional publication details
On the estimation of species richness based on the accumulation of previously unrecorded species


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When someone has a heart attack, their heart is permanently left with a section of non-beating scar tissue. Even though the rest of the organ may still function, that one bit can disrupt its rhythm, potentially leading to disorders such as arrhythmia.
Several groups are developing "heart patches" to help address the situation, with one of the latest coming from Australia's University of New South Wales (UNSW) and Britain's Imperial College London. Unlike some others, it can be attached to the heart without the use of stitches.
The base material of the flexible patch is chitosan, a polysaccharide derived from crustacean shells. On top of that is a layer of polyaniline, an electrically-conductive polymer. Added to it is phytic acid, a plant-derived chemical that keeps the polyaniline in its conductive state. This is an important addition, as most conductive polymers ordinarily lose their conductivity shortly after being exposed to body fluids.


Our Toxic Financial System – Part 2 of 3
Nathan Rothschild
In Part 1 _URL_ I tried to give an overview of what I mean by 'toxic' banking. It represents ALL of the reasons we try to legislate against the human fallibility for monopoly situations. Bitter experience has taught us that price fixing and other abuses occur because monopoly is seen as the ultimate means by which to maximise a return on capital.
Bankers are to be commended for the manner in which they have stealthily created a monopoly of the global production of money over the last century or so. 97% of all countries produce their own currency through private banks. The banks argument is that money is their business, not that of governments. To the general public however, it appears that their money comes from government.
The 'Federal' Reserve and the Bank of 'England' appear to be government institutions but are, in fact, private companies operating for profit. Money gets into our pockets when our governments borrow from the banks and put it there.
They do this by Issuing letters of intent (Government Bonds) which promise to pay the purchaser interest on the money. Banks respond by taking on the loan/Bond and lending them money, by printing pieces of paper which are put out into Society as money.
(At this point there is no difference whatsoever between the pieces of paper the banks print and the pieces of paper printed for the world famous board game Monopoly – coincidence in the name – You decide!! What makes the difference in value between the two pieces of paper is, that the government legislates that one is an 'official currency' and the other is not... That's all there is to the validity of our money, both here and abroad.)
I have explained in this manner to emphasise that every coin and bank note in our pockets and purses, together with every other piece of money you can think of, our governments pay interest on to the private banks from whom they originally borrowed it. If they paid it all back, there would be no money in circulation and Society would come to a grinding halt!
The grip any monopoly exercises over Society becomes expensive to the user. For all money in circulation, the interest private banks demand our governments pay is compound interest, which means we are not only paying for the cost of the outstanding loan but also for the interest on that loan.
So if you borrow £10 at 10% p.a simple interest, you pay interest of £1! But with compound interest you pay the interest on £11 (the loan plus the interest). As you can see from this oversimplified example (done for my sake!) adding interest to the interest pushes up indebtedness to the banks.
Since the 2008 financial collapse this indebtedness to private banks has grown exponentially, along with the power they are able to exert over Society, as the people of Greece found out rather dramatically in 2015!
This whole monopoly becomes more bizarre when you come to realise, as I did, that no longer do banks hold vast stacks of cash in tower block size vaults. Their money is only ever released as loans and only in circulation as long as the loan lasts.
When you want to buy a car you take out a loan. It registers on the banks accounts as a debt, against which they have made a credit to you of the money. That is how money comes into being (out of thin air) and when you pay back that loan the money disappears back into the ether again. When governments need money the same thing happens, only on a much larger scale of course.
So in essence it costs the banks '3/5ths of 5/8ths of bugger all' to supply us with money, for which they charge and make inordinate amounts of profit, plus the power they accumulate by our indebtedness. It is the ultimate monopoly, in my opinion and its growing power is now enslaving us and our governments in debt.
Because of this monopoly, private banks are also able to leverage more than just interest for the use of their money. We are now seeing them demand our public resources, including our most fundamental water supplies at rock bottom prices.
This incredible position of unelected power has been achieved, in large part, by our own ignorance of how money is produced. This deliberate policy of secrecy has kept us in ignorance of their growing monopoly position. As Henry Ford is quoted as saying
There is no starker evidence of the power of this monopoly and our ignorance, than the 'bail out' of the banks in 2008. Not only a dishonest use of public funds for commercial purposes by our governments, it also established a frightening precedent. That taxpayers will underwrite the losses of commercial companies at the cost of our public services, where the money was originally intended.
Our ignorance is being further tested with talk of 'bail ins'. Here, the money we hold in our banks, be it in our current account or other investments can be taken in similar fashion to our taxpayer money, should banks again need financial support. This is a forgone conclusion as monopoly demands little regulation, which caused the collapse in 2008.
This global monopoly has created an environment where our money is not owned by us and therefore we have helpless over its control or management. If it is governments who determine which pieces of paper are legal tender, then it is down to us to find people who will legalise public printing presses to produce our own money.
This will see either our money produced free of charge OR any interest charged returned to the people by way of first class public services and the abolition of personal taxation. All of which public banking is quite capable of doing.
It happens in Switzerland... but developments there are for Part 3.
Awareness breeds understanding and understanding breeds change
Until the next time


Richard King "The Lark Ascending"
Over the course of the twentieth century, The Lark Ascending by Ralph Vaughan Williams is the piece of music that has come to define the mythical concept of the English countryside, with its babbling brooks and skylarks. Yet, the landscape is not really an unaffected utopia, but a living, working and occasionally rancorous environment that has forged a nation's musical personality. On a journey that takes us from post-war poets and artists to the free party scene embraced by the acid house and travelling communities, Richard King explores how Britain's history and identity have been shaped by the mysterious relationship between music and nature.
Paperback, 368 pages.
Lisa ostukorvi12 €


What Is an Economics Degree?
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An economics degree explores the impact money, markets, resources, and scarcity have on individuals, businesses, and society.
Economics majors investigate consumer behavior, financial markets, and the distribution of goods. A bachelor of economics degree builds strong research and analytical skills, which graduates can apply in several careers. For example, economics graduates can work as economists, financial analysts, market research analysts, or management consultants. These careers offer above-average salaries and remain in high demand.
This article explores economics degrees, salary data for related careers, and industries that hire economics graduates.
What Kinds of Economics Degrees Are There?
Colleges offer economics degrees at every educational level, including associate degrees and doctorates. Each degree prepares graduates for different careers. For example, occupations like financial analyst and actuary require bachelor's degrees, while economists typically need master's degrees. An economics professor must hold a doctorate for tenure-track positions.
Economics students can also specialize their degrees in particular subfields. This section introduces the requirements and job opportunities for different economics degrees.
Bachelor of Economics Degree
A bachelor of economics degree gives undergraduates a foundational understanding of microeconomics, macroeconomics, and international economics. During an online bachelor's degree in economics, students take introductory and upper-division economics classes, as well as courses in business, marketing, environmental economics, or health economics.
Completing a bachelor's degree in economics typically takes four years for a full-time enrollee, though transfer students with prior college credit or associate degrees can earn their bachelor's degrees in less time. With a bachelor's in economics, graduates can find employment as data analysts, financial analysts, management consultants, and economic analysts.
What's the Difference Between a Bachelor of Arts and a Bachelor of Science?
A bachelor of arts (BA) and a bachelor of science (BS) in economics both emphasize research, data analysis, and economic theory. However, the degrees often come with different general education requirements. At most schools, BA students complete more humanities and social science courses, while BS students take additional math and natural science classes. A BA may also require foreign language coursework.
With either degree, graduates can pursue roles as economic analysts, financial analysts, and consultants, or they can apply to graduate school. Both degrees take around four years to complete.
Master's Degree in Economics
A master's degree in economics offers advanced training in microeconomic theory, mathematical economics, and economic development. During an online master's degree in economics, students can choose electives to specialize their studies. For example, learners can take courses in public economics if they want to pursue government roles, or they can study financial systems to prepare for careers in banking.
Earning a master's in economics generally takes two years for full-time students, though some programs offer accelerated or part-time options. After earning a master's degree, graduates can find employment as economists, statisticians, or survey researchers, among other opportunities. Many management-level careers prefer candidates with master's degrees.
What's the Difference Between a Master's Degree in Economics and an MBA in Economics?
Economics students considering a master's degree can choose a master's degree in economics or a master of business administration (MBA) in economics. Both degrees provide advanced coursework in economics and typically take two years to complete, but they differ in focus.
A master's in economics focuses primarily on research, which can lead to a career as an economist or enrolling in a doctoral program in economics. An online MBA in economics includes coursework in business administration, organizational behavior, and management, which prepares graduates for roles like management consultant or financial manager.
Associate Degree in Economics
An associate degree in economics provides an introduction to the field with foundational coursework in economics, business, finance, and accounting. During an associate degree, students take classes in statistics, financial accounting, and international business, as well as general education courses in mathematics, communication, and English.
Earning an associate degree generally takes two years of full-time enrollment. After completing the program, graduates can work as financial clerks, customer service representatives, and administrative assistants. Graduates can also transfer into four-year schools, where they can often complete bachelor's degrees in two years.
Doctoral Degree in Economics
A doctoral degree in economics emphasizes original research and advanced analytical skills. During a doctoral program, economics students take courses in economic theory, advanced econometrics, and applied economics. Doctoral students choose specialties in areas like economic development, game theory, or labor economics.
Earning a doctorate is a substantial time commitment. Most doctoral programs require 4-6 years of study, including coursework, doctoral exams, and a dissertation, on top of the time it takes to earn a bachelor's and a master's degree. The dissertation process requires extensive research and a dissertation defense. After completing their degrees, doctoral graduates often find work as economics professors, economists, or researchers.
Accreditation for Economics Programs
Accredited schools and programs meet the highest standards for education. To earn accreditation, institutions and programs undergo a rigorous review of their student learning outcomes, faculty qualifications, and graduation requirements.
For economics students, prospective schools should hold regional accreditation. In addition, individual economics programs often hold programmatic accreditation from business-focused accreditation agencies, like the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business.
Before submitting applications, prospective learners should check for accreditation to ensure they get the education they need.
Economics Certifications
After earning a bachelor's degree, an economics major can demonstrate specialized skills by pursuing a professional certification. These credentials recognize candidates with niche skills and experience in particular economic subfields. Earning a certification can help job candidates stand out on the job market and compete for specialized roles.
Economic Development Finance Professional
The economic development finance professional credential recognizes experienced professionals working in financial development. To earn the credential, candidates must complete a four-course training program that covers business credit, real estate finance, loan packaging, and negotiating skills. Candidates must complete the four courses, including examinations for each course, to earn the credential.
ChE™ Chartered Economist
The Global Academy of Finance and Management offers this credential for experienced economists who earned economic degrees from accredited programs, including graduate degree-holders. An economics degree meets the certification exam requirement, and the credential is recognized internationally, allowing professionals to operate in a global market.
Certified Economic Developer
The International Economic Development Council grants the certified economic developer credential to experienced economics professionals. Certification candidates must demonstrate at least four years of full-time economic development experience and ongoing professional development activity through practitioner-based training courses. Candidates must also pass an exam, which includes multiple-choice, essay, and interview questions.
What Can You Do With a College Degree in Economics?
A bachelor of economics prepares graduates for entry-level opportunities in industries that require strong research and analytical skills, such as market research, financial services, and consulting.
Economics majors can also work for nonprofit organizations and in the public sector. For instance, the federal government hires economics to work for the Office of Personnel Management, the Federal Reserve Board, and in Foreign Service.
Market Research
Bachelor of economics degrees prepare graduates for careers in market research. Market research analysts investigate sales trends and analyze data on consumer demand, using statistics to assess marketing strategies and research competitors. Analysts then create reports to help executives make decisions based on their findings.
The ability to analyze data and extract information helps market research professionals thrive. Economics majors — particularly those with electives in marketing — have those skills.
Financial Services
The financial services industry relies on professionals with strong analytical skills. Financial analysts research economic trends, review historical financial data, and evaluate investments.
A bachelor's degree in economics meets the entry-level educational requirement to work as a financial analyst, budget analyst, or risk analyst. Experienced professionals or people with master's degrees can move into managerial roles, like financial manager, which has a median salary of nearly $130,000 per year.
Many economics majors work in the consulting field, specializing as economic consultants, management consultants, or management analysts. In these roles, consultants evaluate the financial and economic strength of organizations; analyze expenditures, revenues, and other financial data; and recommend changes to improve efficiency or profit margins.
A bachelor's degree and professional experience prepare economics majors for careers in consulting. Coursework in management and business can also help future consultants. Some roles may require master's degrees.
What Kind of a Salary Can I Earn With an Economics Degree?
Economics professionals earn above-average salaries, often in careers as financial analysts, management consultants, financial managers, and economists. Some of these fields require additional education, and most have strong job growth projections from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Fastest-Growing, Highest-Paying Careers
Career Median Annual Salary (2019) Projected Job Growth (2019-2029)
Financial Examiner $81,090 7%
Financial Analyst $81,590 5%
Management Consultant $85,260 11%
Mathematician or Statistician $92,030 33%
Economist $105,020 14%
Actuary $108,350 18%
Postsecondary Economics Teacher $104,370 9%
Financial Manager $129,890 15%
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Professional Organizations
 - Global Association of Economics Education This student-led, nongovernmental organization encourages economic education and entrepreneurship opportunities for learners in marginalized communities. GAEE hosts dozens of chapters in ten different countries. Members can access leadership opportunities, distance learning training, workshops, and essay competitions.
 - oikos International Founded in 1987, oikos is a student-led organization that emphasizes sustainability in economics and management. The organization encourages students to integrate environmental perspectives into their economics educations. Members can participate in local conferences, workshops, and webinars to complement their academic studies. The association also hosts events and publishes newsletters.
 - American


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That is a follow-up to this question: Gauge symmetry is not a symmetry?
Ok, gauge symmetry is not a symmetry, but...
... a redundancy in our description, by introducing fake degrees of freedom to facilitate calculations.
I want some simple and practical example for this.
So If I, say, take a simple $\phi^4$ theory, then I can gauge it by...
... introducing the proper fake degrees of freedom
Can I?
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1 Answer
A trivial example:
Take your original field $\phi$ to be a free real scalar field on $\mathbb{R}^n$. Double the number of fields by adding another free real scalar field $\chi$ to your list of fields
Now introduce a gauge symmetry by making the group of functions $g: \mathbb{R}^n \to \mathbb{R}$ act by $g: (\phi,\chi) \mapsto (\phi,\chi+ g)$. So your group of gauge transformations acts trivially on the space of $\phi$'s and freely and transitively on the space of $\chi$'s.
Now fix a gauge in your favorite way. You can grind through the BRST machinery, or you can just choose the gauge slice $\chi= 0$. Either way your original free scalar field is precisely equivalent to the new theory with two fields and the wacky gauge symmetry I described above.
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Could you explain what does gauge away mean? I came across this expression while reading about the Higgs mechanism but didn't understand what it means and what is the significance of doing it. I wanted to start a question on it but found it stated here, hence my question. (And by the way I'm trying to comprehend what you wrote here but this stuff is a bit heavy for me.) – user09876 Jun 22 '12 at 23:15
A gauge symmetry is a symmetry of the variables used to describe a physical system which isn't actually a symmetry of the physical system. Gauging away a variable means using a gauge symmetry to eliminate it from the description of the system. I was getting ahead of myself when I said 'gauge away' $\chi$, since I hadn't actually introduced the gauge symmetry or used it to eliminate $\chi$. Fixed that. – user1504 Jun 23 '12 at 2:08
When you say "not actually a symmetry" can you elaborate? Isn't U(1) symmetry of QED "due to" conservation of electric charge? I mean obviously since we're talking about a bundle over space-time the "translations" (phase changes) aren't actual translations but otherwise i'm not sure what you meant by this. – tachyonicbrane Jun 23 '12 at 2:50
Regarding gauge symmetry not being a real symmetry - see physics.stackexchange.com/questions/13870/… – DJBunk Jun 23 '12 at 3:32
_USER_: The imaginary part in your example in the comments is not a gauge field, it is just zero after the constraint. It isn't arbitrary, and you don't pick out a slice in the path integral. – Ron Maimon Jun 23 '12 at 11:14
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One drawback with SQL Server 2005 Express Edition is that it does not offer a way to schedule jobs. A database backup in SQL2005 Express Edition is scheduled in both the operating system and SQL Server using the tools.
To schedule a backup of a database:
1. Create a folder 'BackUp' in D drive, "D:\Backup". ( This can be changed to any folder you like.)
2. Go to Start>>Programs >>Microsoft Server 2005>>SQL Server Management Studio, Click SQL Server Management Studio. Microsoft Server Management Studio window with Connect to Server dialog box appears (see Figure 1).
3. Enter a password of the server in Password field.
4. Click Connect. It connects to the database server and Microsoft Server Management Studio window refreshes (see Figure 2).
5. Expand Databases sub folder (see Figure 3).
6. Expand 'master' sub folder.
7. Click New Query. A new query file opens ( Figure 4 )
8. Click to execute the query. It saves the query in the name highlighted in red (see Figure 5) in Stored Procedures sub folder.
9. Click New Query. A new query file opens.
10. Type the following query in the new query file.
|sp_BackupDatabase 'readydesk', 'F'
sp_BackupDatabase 'abacus', 'F'
11. Place the cursor at the top of the query.
12. Right-click the mouse. A shortcut menu appears (see Figure 6).
13. Save the file as backup.sql and for our purposes this is created in the "D:\Backup" folder, but again this could be put anywhere.
14. Goto Start>>Programs >>Accessories>>System Tools>>Scheduled Tasks, click Scheduled Tasks. Scheduled Tasks window appears (see Figure 7).
15. Click 'Add Scheduled Task'. Scheduled Task Wizard screen appears (see Figure 8).
16. Click Next. Scheduled Task Wizard screen refreshes (see Figure 9).
17. Click 'Browse' to SQLCMD.EXE. Select Program to Schedule screen appears (see Figure 10).
18. Browse to select 'SQLCMD.EXE' in the programs.
"C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\90\Tools\Binn"
19. Click Open. It adds the selected program to the Programs list.
20. Click Next. Scheduled Task Wizard screen refreshes (see Figure 11).
21. Type the name of the task in Task field.
22. Click 'Daily'.
23. Click Next. Scheduled Task Wizard screen refreshes (see Figure 12).
24. Specify the time to run the task.
25. Click Next. Scheduled Task Wizard screen refreshes (see Figure 13).
26. Type the credentials of the account such as user name, password and confirm password in respective fields.
27. Click Next. Scheduled Task Wizard screen refreshes (see Figure 14).
28. Check 'Open advanced properties for this task when U click Finish'
29. Click. Finish. Database Backups window appears (see Figure 15).
30. Type the command 'sqlcmd -S serverName -E -i D:\Backup\Backup.sql' in Run field.
Note: SQL query is denoted as follows:
o –S: It defines the server\instance name for SQL Server.
o serverName: It specifies the server\instance name for SQL Server. For instance, WS076\SQLEXPRESS\
o –E: It allows you to make a trusted connection.
o –i: It states this specifies the input command file.
o D:\Backup\Backup.sql: It specifies the path of the backup.sql file.
31. Enter the user name in Run as field.
32. Click Apply.
33. Click OK. The database backup is scheduled.
34. Select 'Database Backups' scheduled task in Scheduled Tasks window.
35. Right-click the mouse. A short-cut menu appears (see Figure 16).
36. Click Run. It runs the task at the scheduled time.


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Andrew Bak wrote:Why 16 games? Why not 10, or 30? Is this an arbitrary choice or is there some underlying mathematical reason behind it?
30 was chosen because there is a 95% confidence in the grade being correct. Further explanation can be found here: _URL_
10 is another confidence interval, but I can't remember off-hand exactly what it is. It was reduced to 9 because there was enough demand for it to be reduced to 9. The various grading categories correspond with other confidence intervals, but I can't remember what they are.
The maths behind this is sound in theory: Because you calculate a grade by adding stuff up and dividing it by a number, i.e. you find the mean, the more games you play, the more accurate your grade is.
If I have 900 points over 9 games, I have a grade of 900/9 = 100. If I then beat a 100 in the last game in the period, my grade goes up to 1050/10 = 105
If I have 9000 points over 90 games, I have a grade of 9000/90 = 100. If I then beat a 100 in the last game in the period, my grade goes up to 9150/91 = 101, assuming you round up to the nearest whole number.
The result of one game makes less difference to your grade, so the figure of 100 (or 101) is far more accurate, so you can say statistically that you have more confidence in its accuracy.


Path: Home ==> AVR-EN ==> Micro beginner ==> 7. LED with key interrupt Diese Seite in Deutsch (extern): Flag DE Logo
Lecture 7: A LED blinks with a key interrupt
With this lecture we learn how external level changes on a pin can be used to generate an interrupt. We use the interrupt INT0 to detect such level changes without having to poll pins in lengthy loops.
7.0 Overview
 1. Introduction to key operation and INT0 programming
 2. Tasks to be performed
 3. Hardware, components, mounting
 4. Program
7.1 Introduction to key operation and INT0 programming
7.1.1 Keys on input ports
If a port pins output driver is switched of, by clearing its DDR/port bit, the logical state of the pin can be read in and, depending from this state, decisions can be made such as conditional branching etc.
This is such a simple wiring to follow the external switch:
Switch on port pin
To light a LED on port pin PB0 as long as the switch on PB1 is high (connected to the positive operating voltage), the following program would be necessary:
 sbi DDRB,PB0 ; enable LED output driver PB0
 sbis PINB,PINB1 ; jump over next instruction if input pin is high
 sbi PORTB,PORTB0 ; switch LED off
 sbic PINB,PINB1 ; jump over next instruction if input pin is low
 cbi PORTB,PORTB0 ; switch LED on
 rjmp Loop
Now, what happens if the switch is defect or the switch is not attached to the pin? The input is open and, due to the extremely high input resistance on any changes in its proximity, e.g. electrical fields from the 50/60 cs/s electricity supply net, static voltages of fingers in close distance or level changes on neighboring pins. The result is an uncontrolled flickering of the LED.
Pull-Up To end the flickering the input resistance of the port pin has to be reduced and a definitive level has to be applied. This is done with a resistor of e.g. 47 k. Now the open input has a defined high level, if the resistor is attached to the operating voltage. If the switch is closed the additional current is not very large (0.1 mA), even with a mouse piano attached (eight switches in a row). Note that the default level with such a pull-up resistor is high if no switch or key are attached.
Because pull-up resistors on open input pins are necessary very often, those are built-in in AVRs. They are switched on by clearing the data direction bit and setting the output bit. E.g. like this:
 cbi DDRB,DDB1 ; direction pin PB1 = input
 sbi PORTB,PORTB1 ; switch on pull-up resistor
Why pull-up and not pull-down? This is due to historic reasons: the input of TTL devices were by default high, so why not have CMOS inputs on the same default level. The same applies if a key or push-button is attached: it is open by default.
7.1.2 Keys and switches are bouncing
This is an example of a switch. If the switch changes polarity, this comes not into effect immediately. On a µs or ms level the switch is bouncing before reaching a steady state. In the example case 14 level changes occur within approximately 2 ms. Bouncing switch Such a signal swarm can cause immense difficulties if as an AVR reacts very much faster than in ms time. We have to consider bouncing in such cases. Bouncing plays a role in the next lecture.
7.1.3 The INT0 interrupt
ISC bits in port MCUCR The INT0 interrupt detects levels and level changes on the INT0 input, which is pin 6 in an ATtiny13. The interrupt branches to the INT0 vector, if the respective interrupt is enabled. The bits ISC01 and ISC00 allow to select which states or changes trigger this interrupt:
ISC01ISC00Interrupt triggered
00Low level triggers INT0 interrupt
01Any change of input level triggers INT0 interrupt
10Falling level triggers INT0 interrupt
11Rising level triggers INT0 interrupt
The default, ISC01 = ISC00 = 0, is rather fatal because a low level on the INT0 pin triggers never ending interrupts, with leaving no time for any other activities. As the INT0 interrupt has the highest priority, no other interrupt comes through as long the low level on the INT0 input pin continues.
The ISC bits are located in the same port, MCUCR, as the SE bits for selecting sleep mode and sleep enable.
The INT0 enable bit is located in the General Interrupt MaSK register GIMSK:
A typical instruction sequence to enable INT0 is as follows:
 ldi R16,(1<


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Using data from every mouse click a student makes doing online course work, researchers from three University of Wisconsin institutions hope to identify students at risk of doing poorly and potentially dropping out of school.
The goal of the project by the University of Wisconsin Colleges, UW-Madison and UW-Platteville is to help more students succeed.
The project is funded by a three-year grant worth about $650,000. The grant comes from the UW System, which spends about $2 million annually on grants aimed at improving retention and graduation rates, according to Mark Nook, the system's senior vice president for academic and student affairs.
Using principles similar to those that Amazon.com uses for book recommendations, a computer program will track students' activity during online course work, looking at things such as how long a person is logged on, how much time is spent on particular problems and whether discussion boards are being used, said Aaron Brower, UW-Madison vice provost for teaching and learning.


Action in Motion is a student project team at the Carnegie Mellon University Entertainment Technology Center. We're creating a game that adapts hardcore action gameplay (specifically hack-and-slash) to full-body Kinect motion control, designing from the ground up around its strengths and limitations.
Playing a game with your body is fundamentally different from playing with a controller in several key ways. While traditional buttons are an effective (actually underrated) way of controlling games, we formed this team because we feel motion control offers incredible opportunities to heighten player immersion and increase expressive freedom/agency, if we can invent or discover the right combination of techniques and mechanics.
About the Project
We began last semester as a student-pitched project focused on just creating a tech demo demonstrating basic motion-controlled combat, with a particular focus on researching controlled animation blending and gesture detection techniques to augment the player's body motion by incorporating hand-authored animation. We put together this video at the end of last semester describing our results:
The team pitched a follow-up project, with a focus shift towards creating combat mechanics and enemy behaviors that turn last semester's insights into something truly fun to play. This is that project. Please follow our progress on our development blog!
Comments are closed.


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, when any other overshot wheel will be stopped or even destroyed. This makes the technique particularly suitable for streams that experience extreme seasonal variations in flow, and reduces the need for complex sluice and tail race configurations. A backshot wheel may also gain power from the water's current past the bottom of the wheel, and not just the weight of the water falling in the wheel's buckets.
The direction of rotation of a backshot wheel is the same as that of a breastshot wheel at the same location so it can easily replace one, without causing the directional gearing in the mill to be changed. This would increase the power available while only requiring a change to be made to the water level in the top pound, which in some cases is economically viable.
Hydraulic wheel
A recent development of the breastshot wheel is a hydraulic wheel which effectively incorporates automatic regulation systems. The Aqualienne is one example. It generates between 37 kW and 200 kW of electricity from a 20m³ waterflow with a head of 1 to 3.5m. It is designed to produce electricity at the sites of former watermills.
Hydraulic wheel part reaction turbine
A parallel development is the hydraulic wheel/part reaction turbine that also incorporates a weir into the centre of the wheel but uses blades angled to the water flow. The WICON-Stem Pressure Machine (SPM) exploits this flow. Estimated efficiency 67%.
The University of Southampton School of Civil Engineering and the Environment in the UK has investigated both types of Hydraulic wheel machines and has estimated their hydraulic efficiency and suggested improvements, i.e. The Rotary Hydraulic Pressure Machine. (Estimated maximum efficiency 85%).
These type of water wheels have high efficiency at part loads / variable flows and can operate at very low heads, < 1 metre. Combined with direct drive Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Alternators and power electronics they offer a viable alternative for low head hydroelectric power generation.
Two early improvements were suspension wheels and rim gearing. Suspension wheels are constructed in the same manner as a bicycle wheel, the rim being supported under tension from the hubthis led to larger lighter wheels than the former design where the heavy spokes were under compression. Rim-gearing entailed adding a notched wheel to the rim or shroud of the wheel. A stub gear engaged the rim-gear and took the power into the mill using an independent line shaft. This removed the rotative stress from the axle which could thus be lighter, and also allowed more flexibility in the location of the power train. The shaft rotation was geared up from that of the wheel which led to less power loss. An example of this designed pioneered by Thomas Hewes and refined by William Fairburn can be seen at the 1849 restored wheel at the Portland Basin Canal Warehouse.
Overshot (and particularly backshot) wheels are the most efficient type; a backshot steel wheel can be more efficient (about 60%) than all but the most advanced and well-constructed turbines. Nevertheless, in some situations an overshot wheel is preferable to a turbine.
The development of the hydraulic turbine wheels with their improved efficiency (>67%) opened up an alternative path for the installation of water wheels in existing mills, or redevelopment of abandoned mills.
Power calculations
In an undershot wheel or a run of the river wheel the power is dependant to the kinetic energy of the river. Approximate power can be calculated.
- Power in Watts= 100 x A x V3 xC
- A = Area of paddles in the water (square meters)
- V = Velocity of the stream in meters per second
- C = Efficiency Constant (assume 1 for a water to wire efficiency of 20%)
- Rotational speed of the wheel = 9 x V /D rpm
- D = diameter in metres
 For a breast shot or over shot wheel both potential energy and kinetic energy must be considered. This takes the form of the weight of water in the buckets and the vertical distance travelled. A rule of thumb formula is
- Power in Watts = 4 x Q x H x Constant
- Q = Weight of water (volume per sec x capacity of the buckets)
- V = Velocity of the stream in meters per second
- H = Head, or height difference of water between the lip of the flume (head race) and the tailrace
- C = Efficiency Constant
The optimal rotational speed of a breast shot or overshot wheel is approximately:
- Rotational speed of the wheel= 21/ √D
- D = diameter of the wheel in metres
- See also:Noria
In water-raising devices rotary motion is typically more efficient than machines based on oscillating motion.
The compartmented water wheel comes in two basic forms, the wheel with compartmented body (Latin tympanum) and the wheel with compartmented rim or a rim with separate, attached containers. The wheels could be either turned by the flow of water, men treading on its outside or by animals by means of a sakia gear. While the tympanum had a large discharge capacity, it could lift the water only to less than the height of its own radius and required a large torque for rotating. These constructional deficiencies were overcome by the wheel with a compartmented rim which was a less heavy design with a higher lift.
The earliest literary reference to a water-driven, compartmented wheel appears in the technical treatise Pneumatica (chap. 61) of the Greek engineer Philo of Byzantium (ca. 280−220 BC). In his Parasceuastica (91.43−44), Philo advises the use of such wheels for submerging siege mines as a defensive measure against enemy sapping. Compartmented wheels appear to have been the means of choice for draining dry docks in Alexandria under the reign of Ptolemy IV (221−205 BC). Several Greek papyri of the 3rd to 2nd century BC mention the use of these wheels, but don't give further details. The non-existence of the device in the Ancient Near East before Alexander's conquest can be deduced from its pronounced absence from the otherwise rich oriental iconography on irrigation practices. Unlike other water-lifting devices and pumps of the period though, the invention of the compartmented wheel cannot be traced to any particular Hellenistic engineer and may have been made in the late 4th century BC in a rural context away from the metropolis of Alexandria.
The earliest depiction of a compartmented wheel is from a tomb painting in Ptolemaic Egypt which dates to the 2nd century BC. It shows a pair of yoked oxen driving the wheel via a sakia gear, which is here for the first time attested, too. The Greek sakia gear system is already shown fully developed to the point that "modern Egyptian devices are virtually identical". It is assumed that the scientists of the Museum of Alexandria, at the time the most active Greek research center, may have been involved in its invention. An episode from the Alexandrian War in 48 BC tells of how Caesar's enemies employed geared water wheels to pour sea water from elevated places on the position of the trapped Romans.
Water Wheels have traditionally been used to power mills. More recently, water wheels have been adapted for the production of electricity. Small scale Hydro power plants are being used to power generators, creating clean electricity.
A water wheel consists of a large wooden or metal wheel, with a number of blades or buckets arranged on the outside rim forming the driving surface. Most commonly, the wheel is mounted vertically on a horizontal axle, but the tub or Norse wheel is mounted horizontally on a vertical shaft. Vertical wheels can transmit power either through the axle or via a ring gear and typically drive belts or gears; horizontal wheels usually directly drive their load.
Headrace, tailrace
A mill pond is formed when a flowing stream is dammed to feed a water wheel. A channel for the water flowing to or from a water wheel is called a mill race (also spelled millrace) or simply a "race" (in Scotland it is normally referred to as a lade), and is customarily divided into sections. The race bringing water from the mill pond to the water wheel is a headrace; the one carrying water after it has left the wheel is commonly referred to as a tailrace.
Traditionally water wheels have been made mostly from wood. Steel in overshot (and pitchback) wheels allows higher speeds. A wooden wheel with a wooden axle cannot necessarily sustain high speed needed for hydroelectric power generation.
Until around 1820 water wheels in North America were generally built with a wooden axle (usually from seasoned white oak) with three or more spokes extending through the wood axle and interlocked inside. Additional spokes attached to pocket holes in the axle and were wedged inside the wood axle. These wheels generally had metal gudgeons held in place on the ends of the shafts using wedges and steel hoops, which allowed the wood axle to have a small metal tip on the end. These metal tips or "journals" would then ride on wood or stone bearings. A water wheel made this way was called a Compass Wheel. Sometimes a wood axle would need to be replaced after only a year or two prompting the development of "hybrid wheels". After 1820, water wheels began to have steel hubs and later steel axles with wood spokes, rims, and paddles. These hybrid wheels eliminated the often problematic wood axle and allowed the addition of more spokes. Later cast-iron and all-steel wheels were used.
See also
- Example applications
The following installations use a water wheel as the prime mover:
- Watermills in the United Kingdom
- Claverton Pumping Station – canal water pumping station
- Derby Industrial Museum – former silk mill
-


text:
[Diego Spinola] wrote in to tell us about a node communication system he's been working on called HsNet. The aim is to build a system of nodes that can be made up of small and inexpensive microcontrollers. The problem is that the least expensive controllers often don't have a hardware UART. HsNet implements the RS485 protocol using a software UART along with a slim and sleek addressing scheme.
The first module developed, seen in the image above and video after the break, is a single channel pulse-width-modulation node using a PIC 12F683. It can be sent commands in the payload of the HsNet packet format. The PWM modules accept three different commands; one is a desired PWM value, another is a delay between steps for the PWM, and the last toggles a blink function.
He has also developed an analog sensor module and an Arduino-based TCP/IC gateway module. Now that the packet communications have been established, it will be rather simple to add nodes based on that groundwork. [Diego] brought these components together to build an interactive wall which can also be seen after the break.


text:
There appear to be two questions that are not able to be answered on Part II, along with another where the answer key is wrong.
In our chapter, we gave credit to all on #23 and #83, but changed the answer on #15 to B. You are free to do whatever you'd wish.
- Ron Gabriel
23. The following statement on obstruction is false:
A. The ball is delayed dead.
B. The act must be intentional and only physical.
C. Occurs when a fielder with possession of the ball denies access to the base the runner is attempting to achieve.
D. Is declared when a fielder without the ball simulates a tag on a runner.
Both B and C are false. Perhaps choice C was meant to say "without" possession of the ball.
83. With the runner from third attempting to steal home, the batter swings and misses and his follow-through contacts the catcher, causing him to drop the ball.
A. This is backswing interference on the batter.
B. With one out, the runner from third is out.
C. With two outs, the batter is out.
D. A, B, and C
Both B and C are correct, however A is not. Perhaps choice A was meant to say "follow through" interference
15. The request for an intentional base on balls must be done:
A. Before the first pitch to the batter.
B. On any ball and strike count.
C. Both A & B.
Key word - MUST, because of that only B is the correct response, not C as the answer key says.


text:
By Will Potter,
Green Is the
A new lawsuit challenges the Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act (AETA) as unconstitutional because it has given activists reason to fear that they could be prosecuted as "terrorists" for non-violent civil disobedience, protests, and First Amendment activity.
The lawsuit was filed by the Center for Constitutional Rights on behalf of 5 longtime animal rights activists. The activists say the vague wording of the law, and the corporate-led campaigns against animal rights activism, have made them alter their own advocacy.
The landmark case has implications for all social justice movement, beyond the animal rights activists targeted. It sets a dangerous precedent for labeling anyone who effectively threatens corporate profits a "terrorist." As the Occupy Wall Street Movement grows rapidly, and has begun reclaiming foreclosed homes from banks and shutting down ports, this lawsuit couldn't come at a more pressing time. And with the impending passage of the National Defense Authorization Act, the dangers of this parallel legal system for "terrorists" has become strikingly clear.
The lawsuit seeks to strike down the law for violating the First and Fifth Amendments [read the criminal complaint in Blum v. Holder]. Specifically, it argues that the law is unconstitutional for 3 reasons:
- It is so broad that it has had a chilling effect on free speech. The law hasn't outlawed animal rights activism, but it has made activists think twice about using their rights. This was the primary point I raised in my Congressional testimony against the law in 2006, and since then the political climate has become even more toxic. The first use of the law was based on activists allegedly chalking slogans on the sidewalk and wearing bandanas. The Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act is an attempt by corporations to use the power of fear in order to silence their opposition.
- The language is so vague that people can't decipher what is illegal. The law's criminalization of "interfering with" the operations of an animal enterprise, or causing a "loss of profits," leave activists wondering if they could be labeled a terrorist for a successful lawful campaign. This is compounded by the law's emphasis on "tertiary targeting": it not only protects animal enterprises," but any business that does business with an animal enterprise. When politicians, the courts, lawyers, and national organizations cannot agree on the meaning of this law, it is dangerously overbroad.
- It singles out animal rights activist because of their political beliefs and their effective advocacy. Meanwhile, violence by anti-abortion extremists is not being labeled as terrorism. For more on this: "If Sarah Palin Were an Animal Rights Activist, She'd Have Already Been Convicted of 'Terrorism." Singling out groups of people because of their political beliefs, and restricting their First Amendment rights, is antithetical to a healthy democracy.
Here is a detailed, step-by-step analysis of the Animal Enterprise
Terrorism Act if you are interested:
I wanted to focus a bit on the people involved in the lawsuit, though:
- Sarahjane Blum has been an animal rights activist for 23 years. She co-founded GourmetCruelty.com in 2003, which exposed the cruelty of the foie gras industry and helped California to ban foie gras farming. According to the lawsuit: "While she had knowingly and openly violated the law many times through acts of non-violent civil disobedience, she was unwilling to face the possibility of prosecution and sentencing as a terrorist. She was stunned that the ethical, important work that she had devoted her life to had been turned overnight into terrorism."
- Ryan Shapiro is now a doctoral candidate at MIT studying the history of political repression against animal rights activists. With Sarahjane Blum, he co-founded GourmetCruelty.com, produced a documentary film, and spoke publicly about his work. He was also friends with the SHAC 7 — a group of activists convicted as terrorists. "Faced with the imprisonment of his friends, and with the passage of the AETA, Mr. Shapiro began to worry that the price for peaceful protest and civil disobedience was one he could not afford to pay."
- Lana Lehr has organized for the welfare of rabbits, and also protested the sale of their fur. After the passage of the AETA, she found herself altering her protest activity and censoring her words and her writing online.
- Lauren Gazzola is one of the SHAC 7. She recounts a lecture she gave at a law school class where she censored herself from encouraging activists to follow her advocacy, because she feared her words would be used as evidence of conspiracy to violate the AETA.
- Jay Johnson, who has confirmed that he has been placed on a terrorist watchlist, has witnessed the chilling effect on grassroots animal rights activism. After the case of the SHAC 7 and the passage of the AETA, protest attendance plummeted. For instance, he recounts a protest against a company affiliated with Huntingdon Life Sciences: "When he arrived at the site of the planned protest, he was met by over 40 police officers in riot gear, and not a single other protestor."
In the interest of full disclosure, I have known several of these plaintiffs for well over a decade, as activists and as friends.
I point this out because I want to take the liberty of saying that this lawsuit was not an easy decision for them. There's of course a fear of drawing a giant red target on one's back, but the primary concern of these plaintiffs is not themselves — it's the animals, and those advocating on their behalf. All of these activists are deeply committed to the animal rights movement, and they had to answer the uncomfortable question: "Does acknowledging fear draw even more attention to it? Could this make even more people afraid?"
But this lawsuit is more about courage than fear. It is about these plaintiffs and the CCR having the courage to acknowledge that this political climate exists, that what we are experiencing is real and it is valid, and that we can't move forward by pretending it doesn't affect us.
It is to say, unequivocally: "Yes, we have been afraid. Yes, we have all known fear. And now it is time to fight back."


text: Prolonged exposure to a moving stimulus can substantially alter the perceived velocity (both speed and direction) of subsequently presented stimuli. Here, we show that these changes can be parsimoniously explained with a model that combines the effects of two isomorphic mechanisms, one non-directional and one directional. Each produces a pattern of velocity biases that serves as an observable "signature" of the corresponding mechanism. The net effect on perceived velocity is a superposition of these two signatures. By examining human velocity judgments in the context of different adaptor velocities, we are able to separate these two signatures. The model fits the data well, successfully predicts subjects' behavior in an additional experiment using a non-directional adaptor, and is in agreement with a variety of previous experimental results. As such, the model provides a unifying explanation for the diversity of motion aftereffects.


text:
Aim: To examine, whether the antitumor effects of a specific nutrient mixture are due to induction of apoptosis by inhibition of u-PA.
Materials and Methods: A nutrient mixture containing lysine, proline, ascorbic acid, and green tea extract which has showed anticancer activity against a number of cancer cell lines was used as an experimental composition. EOMA cells were grown in appropriate media with antibiotics in 24- well tissue culture plates. At near confluence, the cells were treated with nutrition mixture at 10, 100, 1000 μg/ml in triplicate.Analysis of u-PA activity was carried out by fibrin zymography. Morphological changes and caspase activation associated with apoptosis induction was checked by H&E staining and Live Green caspase assay, respectively. Apoptosis inducing anticancer drug camptothecin (10 μM) was used as positive control. Results: The nutrition mixture exhibited dose response toxicity with maximum toxicity 55% (p < 0.001) at 1000 μg/ml. EOMA cells expressed u-PA, which was inhibited by nutrition mixture in a dose-dependent manner. The caspase analysis revealed a dose dependent increase in apoptosis of EOMA hemangioma cells, with an increasing apoptosis observed at 100 μ g/ml, and maximum at 1000 μ g/ml. Cells treated with nutrition mixture showed significantly more apoptotic changes than the control or camptothecin-treated cells. Conclusion: These results suggest NM as a potential therapeutic agent as it specifically targets and induces apoptosis in hemangioma cells.


text:
Phase 3 of the Champlain Sea is defined as the interval that followed the retreat of the Laurentide ice from the Saint-Narcisse Moraine. Events included are the retreat of ice from major valleys in the Laurentian Highlands, invasion of these by the Champlain Sea and regression of the Champlain Sea from its entire basin.
In the lower Saint-maurice Valley, post-Saint-Narcisse retreat of an active ice-front is recorded by the Cossetteville parallel ridges. Transverse ridges of the middle Saint-Maurice Valley and Lac du Missionnaire indicate the presence of an active ice-front in these valleys. Elsewhere, ice-frontal constructions and raised outwash trains were formed at the mouth of valleys, e.g. the proglacial delta perched at an altitude of 200m, at the mouth of Lac Mekinac.
The Champlain Sea extended into the Laurentian Highlands in the form of brackish or freshwater bodies considered as paramarine basins (Occhietti, 1977)
At the close of Phase #, considerable shoaling had already taken place and waters in the Champlain Sea basin turned fresh upstream of Quebec. (Elson, 1969) called this freshwater body Lake Lampsilis, "after a freshwater clam commonly found as a fossil near it's shores" (Elson,1969). Development of Lake Lampsilis in the basin was in conjunction with the time-transgressive retreat of the saltwater wedge. Surface waters had turned fresh in the lower reaches of the Ottawa Valley by about 10.3ka. Marine waters however continued to penetrate into the fresh waters of Lake Lampsilis until very late in the Quebec area, presumably because of strong tides. Retreat of the saltwater wedge, which marked the end of the Champlain Sea Phase 3, was diachronic at the scale of the basin; its age ranges from about 10ka in the Ottawa Valley to about 9.3ka in the vicinity of Quebec.


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The final investigative results by the South Korean government revealed that carcinogens released from a fertilizer plant near a rural village called Jangjeom in Iksan, North Jeolla Province have caused 22 cases of cancer, 14 of which led to deaths, among 99 residents of the village. This is the first case that the South Korean government acknowledged the epidemiological relationship to non-specific conditions, such as cancer, which can be caused by multiple factors. So far, the government only recognized such relationship in the case of diseases with more clear causes, such as pulmonary fibrosis from humidifier disinfectant and malignant mesothelioma from asbestos.
The Ministry of Environment held a final reporting session on the investigation into health impact on Jangjeom village residents at the Training Center for Important Intangible Cultural Properties in Iksan on Thursday and revealed such findings. The town's residents who had enjoyed peaceful life started to develop cancer as a fertilizer plant called "Geumgang Nongsan" began operation about 500 meters away from the village in 2001. Until the plant closed in April 2017, one in five residents developed cancer of various types, including liver, skin, gallbladder, stomach, lung, and breast cancer.
The plant produced organic fertilizer using the dregs of tobacco leaves and food waste. The dregs are supposed to be used only as compost through the fermentation process, however, it illegally turned them into organic fertilizer by drying them at high temperatures over 300 degrees Celsius, which was pointed out as the direct cause for cancer according to the Environment Ministry. The nearby residents were exposed with no protection to the carcinogens produced in the high-temperature drying process spreading in the air. The residents in Jangjeom village showed two to 25 times higher cancer rates compared to the national standard population samples.
The ministry will provide medical costs and compensation for the damage to residents with cancer. The plant in question is not able to recompense as it bankrupted. The residents are demanding apologies and compensation to the victims from the Korea Tobacco & Ginseng Corporation that supplied the dregs of tobacco leaves, as well as the Iksan city government, the North Jeolla Province government, and the central government for poor management and supervision.
_EMAIL_ · _EMAIL_


text:
Make History Come to Life with a Living Museum
You can make history feel real for your students with a living museum, a cool student project idea I learned about on Twitter. I watch social media closely and it's my job to share some of the hot topics on Twitter, Facebook, Pinterest, and other outlets that teachers, principals, students, and parents are contributing.
Have you ever seen the movie, Night at the Museum? The film where everything comes to life with the museum closes? Well, there's a way to create your own living museum, an idea I found on Twitter thanks to Crockett Elementary.
The idea is fairly basic. You create a living museum out of your students! Each student selects a person to represent in your museum, then learns about them so they can provide museum visitors information about their historical figure. During the museum presentation, you should encourage your students to dress up as their character.
This could work for any student age group. The older the students, the more elaborate "museum designs" you can ask for. For example, in addition to dressing up as their character, you can ask students to have a small presentation ready, such as an informational video or a series of photographs that help the visitors learn more about the historical figure they are visiting. For younger students, you could copy what this elementary school did and keep it basic.
This could also work for any class. Whle, at first, it seems like it's just an idea for social studies classes, you could have students dress up as a famous mathematician and explain the theory their mathematician discovered. Language Arts could have students dressing as authors or characters. Science could have famous scientists, and so it goes.
Not only would students have a blast, but they'd be much more involved in the project than if you assigned a standard research report. This also lets students pick a person they're interested in learning more about and letting them come up with cool costume ideas.
Have you ever done a project like this? If so, what did you do and how did it go? How would you adapt this idea for your classroom?
Tori Pakizer is the Social Media Editor at SimpleK12.com. She writes regularly about the use of educational technology in K-12 classrooms, and specializes in how teachers use Twitter, Facebook, Pinterest, and other social media. You can follow Tori and SimpleK12 on Twitter _USER_. If you have ideas for using social media in schools, please send your information or tip to _EMAIL_.


text:
|This guidance document provides basic information about used oil management practices for used oil collection programs. The rules can be found in Title 128 – Nebraska Hazardous Waste Regulations.
Used Oil Collection
- Definition of used oil: Any oil that has been refined from crude oil or any synthetic oil that has been used, and as a result of such use, is contaminated by physical or chemical impurities. (Title 128, Chapter 1, §140)
- New oil is never considered "used oil."
- Examples of substances that are considered used oil and meet the used oil exemption:
- Spent oil from gasoline and diesel engines
- Spent refrigerant lubricating oil
- Spent lubricating oil from aircraft reciprocating and jet engines
- Spent hydraulic fluid
- Spent heat transfer fluids
- Spent transmission fluid
- Cutting oils
Examples of materials that are not used oil:
Used oil that exhibits one or more characteristics of hazardous waste but is recycled in some manner other than being burned for energy recovery is exempt from hazardous waste regulation (Title 128, Chapters 4, and 7 through 23).
Used oil mixed with a listed hazardous waste is a hazardous waste. In fact, if used oil contains more than 1000 ppm of total halogens it is presumed to be a hazardous waste on the assumption that it has been mixed with a halogenated hazardous waste listed in Title 128, Chapter 3, §013 through 016. This presumption may be rebutted. If a used oil collector accepts "rebutted presumption" used oil, we recommend that documentation be kept.
A used oil generator or collector who gives (or sells) used oil directly to an off-specification used oil marketer is not a marketer of used oil. (See page 3 for a discussion of off-specification used oil.) Obtain documentation. Documentation from the off-specification used oil marketer must indicate what he does with the used oil; that is, he does not burn the used oil for energy recovery himself. This documentation is standard in the used oil industry.
A collector of used oil is subject to the used oil marketer provisions of Title 128, Chapter 7, §010.04 if he provides that used oil directly to a person who burns used oil for energy recovery.
The analysis requirement at Title 128, Chapter 7, §010.04B1 may be skipped if the collector/generator stipulates the oil does not meet specification.
Used oil marketers must notify NDEQ of that activity. This notification is done using State of Nebraska Form 8700-12, "RCRA Subtitle C Site Identification Form" commonly referred to as the "Notification of Hazardous Waste Activity 8700-12 Form."
Used oil marketers must use an invoice system. When the marketer initiates a shipment of off-specification used oil, the marketer must send the receiving facility an invoice that has an invoice number, the marketers NDEQ ID #, the names and addresses of both the sending and receiving facilities, the quantity of the off-specification used oil, the date of shipment, and a statement that says "This used oil is subject to NDEQ regulation under Title 128, Chapter 7". A copy of the invoice must be kept for three years.
The marketer must obtain certain written and signed notices from the used oil burner to document the used oil is burned in a proper device. See Title 128, Chapter 7, §010.04B5.
If the marketer claims the used oil meets specification, the marketer must keep copies of the analysis that proves such for three years, maintain a log with certain required information, and provide a cross reference between the log and the used oil analysis.
A person may market off-specification used oil only to burners or other marketers who have notified NDEQ (or other authorized state/EPA) of used oil activities and who have a NDEQ identification number.
- Spent antifreeze
- Brake fluid
- Solvents of any kind
- Unused motor oil
Burning Used Oil
- Used oil burned for energy recovery is subject to the requirements of Title 128, Chapter 7, §010. This section includes:
- A prohibition against burning used oil mixed with hazardous waste, except under limited circumstances.
- A prohibition against burning off-specification used oil in a used oil fired space heater, except under limited circumstances.
- Requirements for generators of used oil burned for energy recovery.
- Requirements for used oil marketers (see discussion below).
- Requirements for burners of used oil.
Off-specification used oil is used oil that exceeds any one or more of the levels for the following:
Arsenic - 5 ppm
Cadmium - 2 ppm
Chromium - 10 ppm
Lead - 100 ppm
Flash Point - 100° F (minimum)
Total Halogens - 4,000 ppm
Used oil that is a hazardous waste solely because it exhibits a characteristic of hazardous waste may be burned for energy recovery if:
- It is not mixed with hazardous waste. This means the used oil may be a characteristic hazardous waste in its own right, but no additional hazardous waste may be added.
- The used oil contains hazardous waste generated SOLELY by a person subject to the requirements of a conditionally exempt small quantity generator (CESQG) of hazardous waste. A CESQG generates 220 pounds or less of hazardous waste per month.
- This means public utilities may burn used oil in their utility boilers for energy recovery if it is their own used oil or it is collected from: a) "do-it-yourself" (DIY) used oil generators; b) farmers who are CESQGs as well as DIY oil generators; c) other businesses who are CESQGs; and d) other businesses who generate hazardous waste above the CESQG level only if it can be confirmed their used oil has not been mixed with hazardous waste. If businesses that generate hazardous waste as small quantity generators (SQG) or large quantity generators (LQG) place hazardous waste in their used oil, their used oil is no longer regulated as used oil.
Off-specification used oil may be burned in oil-fired space heaters if the heater burns only used oil that the owner or operator generates, or used oil from do-it-yourself oil changers who generate the used oil as household waste. For example, a state agency that does oil changes can bring their own off-specification used oil to another of their facilities that has a used oil-fired space heater. That same agency cannot take that used oil to be burned in another state agency's used oil-fired space heater. Any of the above can burn do-it-yourself used oil, but be prepared to prove the do-it-yourself oil is what it claims to be. See below for transportation related issues.
Nebraska does not have any quantity limitations on used oil collection or transportation. A hazardous waste manifest is not required for transporting used oil in Nebraska. Transporters must comply with any appropriate Department of Transportation regulations. See the 49 CFR series. Collectors must comply with applicable State Fire Marshall requirements for storage of flammable and combustible materials.
HANDLING USED OIL AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
Storage and Collection
- Keep hazardous materials separate, properly labeled, and sealed in the recommended containers.
- Develop a system for monitoring incoming used oil. Locked collection ports can help prevent unwanted materials in your used oil.
- We recommend collection tanks have a clearly visible gage that shows the level of product in the tank and overfill protection. Continued overfilling of used oil collection tanks has occurred when there was no indication the tank was actually full.
- Containers and aboveground tanks used to store used oil shall be in good condition (no severe rusting, apparent structural defects or deterioration (T128, Ch7, §009.04A1); and not leaking (with no signs of visible leaks) (T128, Ch7, §009.04A2)
- Containers and aboveground tanks (and other receptacles of used oil) with a volume of 25 gallons or greater, shall be labeled or marked clearly with the words "Used Oil", T128, Ch7, §009.04A3
- The Department recommends that storage or collection areas be covered. The storage or collection location may need to be fenced and locked if vandalism could be a problem.
- Cap, label, cover, and properly store above-ground outdoor liquid containers and small tanks within a bermed area and on a paved impermeable surface, if possible. This practice helps to prevent spills from running into surface or ground water.
- If possible, store materials under a roof or tarpaulin to protect them from the elements and to prevent contaminated runoff.
- Sweep regularly.
- Inspect hazardous materials storage or collection areas at least weekly to ensure there are no leaks or spills.
- Inspect equipment such as pumps, pipes, storage tanks, valves, and material handling equipment for signs of corrosion, support or foundation failure, or other deterioration.
- Promptly clean up spilled materials to prevent runoff, tracking, and spoilage of other materials.
- Stock cleaning and spill response materials where they are readily available.
- Post reminders of good housekeeping practices.
- Provide instruction on securing containers.
- Schedule housekeeping duties and inspections to ensure good housekeeping is being accomplished.
- Maintain adequate aisle space between containers to facilitate material transfer, easy access to materials, and inspections.
- Close used oil containers between filling or emptying events.
- Store containers, drums, and bags away from direct traffic routes to prevent accidental damage or spills.
- Organize materials neatly for storage.
- Store incompatible materials separately.
- Stack containers according to manufacturer's instructions to avoid damage to containers from improper weight distribution.
- Store containers on pallets or in containment devices


How to Start a Small Business in 2021?
How to start a new business?
This guide has laid out in-depth guides on how to start a small business and things to consider when starting a new business before even creating the business plan for the industry you pick.
How to start a new business?
Things to consider when starting a new business
 1. Demand for your business
 2. Capital needed for your business
 3. Your passion for your business
 4. Industry of your business
 5. Business zoning restrictions
How to start a small business?
 1. Choose your business nature & industry
 2. Assess the profitability
 3. Determine the investment
 4. Raise the capital
 5. Find the right location
 6. Design your business operation plan
 7. Decide how many workers to hire
 8. Register your business
 9. Get licenses and permits
 10. Open business bank accounts
 11. Promote immediately to your contacts
 12. Operate and grow your 'business
Things to consider when starting a new business
Things to consider when starting a new business
Among so many things that you're maybe thinking to consider in starting a small business, actually, these top-5 below must be on your list.
1. Demand for your business
That's the most important thing to consider in starting a business. Let's assume that you've got a service or product that you're sure will revolutionize a person's life. The truth is, if there's no demand for that, no one will bother to check out your store. You won't make a sale. That's the fact.
Businesses that are high on demand
Small businesses that cater to the basic demands of the consumers are more likely to succeed.
Smart business-minded people know the what, where, when, and how in starting a business. The first they see are the demands. And their mind churns out fast, clearly visualizing the processes of addressing the demands.
To give you an idea, a lime, yes lime? The ordinary citrus from the farm had made a person's life changed when he looked for its demands on the market and sold 100 kilos every day. You will get to that later on this article.
Basically, that's what you need to consider, first and foremost. Is there a demand for your business?
2. Capital needed for your business
We all know that the business foundation is the capital itself. How much is your capital? Or you could ask yourself — What is my capital?
There are some small businesses that started with meager capital and, the business owners only capitalize on their skill, expertise, and dedication.
How to raise capital for business
How much or what is your capital? Do you have expertise? Or you just want to invest your money in a small business. Some do combine the two.
You can look for investors and lay-out your initial business plan which must have a back up plan once your business is already operating. In most cases, investors offer you the division of profit which is a bit more advantageous to their side. But it's up to you how to win them over to get a more favorable outcome.
3. Your passion for your business
Does the business you want to start have a connection to your personal feelings on what you enjoy doing? The most important question is, "Do you have passion for the kind of service or product that you're going to sell and offer to the buying public?"
How to make your business grow
Small business owners who are passionate about what they do and the way they conduct business succeed in the industry because they have a sense of purpose other than making money.
Are you passionate about what you do, or the product on your mind, like you want to get your hands onto them every single day?
You know the passion for a particular thing has power when you combine it with the entrepreneurship. You hold the purpose in your heart, which gives you fulfillment and being your bread and butter becomes incredibly satisfactory for you, even if at the start, you only make a little, scaling it up comes easy.
As you devote your time to your passion, it grows naturally. As Kerwin Rae says, "Chase your purpose, and the money will follow."
4. Industry of your business
If you want to start a small business, given that you have already enough capital, narrow down the list of business industries from which you pick the best one for you.
For example, let's take guns and ammunition. Surely, there's a demand for guns and ammunition. But you have to come up with a brilliant idea of how you're going to infiltrate that demand.
In starting a small business, choosing an industry you love, and you have a certain amount of knowledge, which caters to the basic needs of the majority of the general populace, is a good way to go.
Narrow down to "basic." You can start your debate by asking what is the most basic need of the human race to live? Would they die if they don't have this basic item supplied to them every day? By asking questions, you will be able to come up with ideas. Food, oxygen, water?
So between guns & ammunition and the bottled water business, you know that the bottled water passed with flying colors as a good business. It has high demand although the competition is there, you can infiltrate the market easier and quicker than guns & ammunition.
Think of an industry that the human race consumes on a daily basis and is near to your heart, and can be learned and managed using standard measures that the government regulates.
5. Business zoning restrictions
Are you going to put up a business just outside your home? Or you are looking for an area that you think conducive to operate your chosen business industry.
Zoning regulations are more strict in the home-based business. But by no means does this means zoning ordinances don't affect any type of business even if your location is in another area.
Business location - zoning regulations
Zoning ordinances should be the main consideration in starting a small business. It's hard to operate a business while you're oblivious to the fact that you're violating some regulations.
In this consideration, you must obtain a copy of the zoning regulations in your county or city. It's easy to obtain those documents as it is the right of any resident of any city or state to have access to those public documents.
It's very crucial because if your planned business is prohibited in your chosen location, whether at your home or in different areas, you can't start the business.
Read the zoning regulations documents thoroughly and identify all the restrictions so that you know that you can't include them in the operation of your business.
Follow the step by step guide to starting a small business, next up.
How to start a business?
1. Choose your business nature & industry
Nature of business is important in starting a small business
Choosing the right industry for your business has a great impact on your success.
Starting a business will not be possible without mentioning the industry of your operation. It is the first and foremost important part of any business activity. You will not just drop a term when you're asked what is the industry of business you want to put up.
Yes, in theory, you have to start with the nature of your business. But it is the industry that really comes to mind when starting a business because it is the immediate product or service that you provide.
There are so many businesses that you see in your daily interactions. Most of the routines you do every day are determined by being a customer of companies with different industries.
For example, when you call-up a food delivery service and order some Chinese food, you interact with a company having the food as their industry of business.
When you go to a fashion retail shop and buy a pair of jeans, you know that you become a customer of a company with clothing lines as their industry and merchandising as the nature of business.
Never confuse industry with nature of business
The nature of business is the general structure of how a company operates in terms of the process in which products and services are produced and then offer them to the public to materialize the profit. There are three types of nature of business:
Three types of nature of business
 1. Service nature of business
 2. Merchandising nature of business
 3. Manufacturing nature of business
Service company
Businesses such as a restaurant, food delivery, consultancy, medical clinic are all service companies. They render different types of services to their customers to operate.
Merchandising company
A variety store, a boutique shop, a gadgets & accessories stall, and a fruit & vegetable vendor buys the product at a wholesale price and sell them with mark-up. They are all merchandising.
Take note that wholesalers also fall under merchandising as they get their goods from manufacturers and sell to other wholesalers and retailers.
Manufacturing company
Manufacturing companies create their own products by acquiring bits of parts at a low-cost rate to make a profit. Companies like vinegar production, soy-sauce, soap are all manufacturing companies.
Choosing the nature of business
The first question here is, "How much is your capital?"
Not the initial capital, but the figure of the entire amount of investment that you have or if not, the amount you can raise to start-out a business and keep it going until it takes off.
Most manufacturing companies start small, but in reality the amount is quite high for some budding entrepreneurs. There are logistics involved most of the time, and it necessitates extra funding.
Merchandising is an attractive business for both people with a small and significant amount of capital. But as it generally involved buying


text:
The Galaxy Book Set
Grades 2 - 5. Nine full color photographs from NASA allow students to understand each planet and sun. A solar system diagram helps readers visualize the planet's place in space. Each book explores and supports the standard "The Physical Setting: The Universe," as required by Benchmarks for Science Literacy: Project 2061.


What Causes Brain Fog | A Functional Medicine Approach
What Causes Brain Fog | A Functional Medicine Approach
If you've ever suffered with brain fog you've probably thought, "What causes brain fog?" That is, if you were able to think! I see a lot of patients who suffer from what they described as brain fog. Generally people describe brain fog as one or a combination of these:
 - mental confusion
 - lack of mental clarity
 - feeling spacey
 - forgetful
 - trouble thinking
 - trouble concentrating
 - trouble focusing
Brain fog can make getting through the day almost impossible. I've had patients in tears telling me that they just want to get their mind back. The good news is that brain fog isn't something that you just need to learn to live with. Here is where I look for the causes of brain fog.
What Causes Brain Fog | Intestinal Problems
The connection between your gut and brain is amazing. In fact the gut is referred to as the second brain. This connection goes both ways, so the brain can affect the gut and vice versa. The things that can go wrong in the intestines that can affect the brain are:
 - Dysbiosis. Dysbiosis is when the bacteria in the gut are not in the right proportions. Having the right bacteria in the proper balance is key to a healthy gut and brain. That's right. The bacteria in the intestines affects the brain. 1
 - Leaky Gut Syndrome. When the intestinal tract becomes damaged it can "leak" toxins into the bloodstream. Many of these toxins can cross the blood-brain barrier and cause inflammation in the brain leading to brain fog. 2
Testing will uncover anything wrong in the intestinal tract. Once we know what is wrong, fixing the problems is straight forward.
What Causes Brain Fog | Blood Sugar
The brain needs lots of energy in order to work well. If the body is running low on fuel the brain will start to slow down and result in brain fog. Sometimes the blood sugar is low because the patient simply doesn't eat enough, but sometimes it's because the patient eats too much sugar! When a person eats a lot of sugar on a regular basis the body's ability to get sugar into the cell breaks down, resulting brain cells that do not have fuel. This problem is called insulin resistance, and if allowed to continue will lead to type 2 diabetes.
Routine blood testing will discover this problem. Sometimes more advanced functional medicine testing is needed if there is insulin resistance. Diet, lifestyle and often specific nutrients are needed to fix this.
What Causes Brain Fog | Heavy Metals
The most common type of toxin I see causing brain fog in my patients is heavy metals. Mercury, lead, cadmium and/or aluminum toxicity can easily cause brain fog. These toxins are extremely harmful to nerve cells. If a person has toxic levels of heavy metals, nothing will help their brain fog until the toxins are removed.
What Causes Brain Fog | Hormones
Imbalances in thyroid, male, female, and/or adrenal hormones and/or melatonin can cause brain fog. Imbalanced hormones cause inflammation in the brain, which will always lead to brain fog. Furthermore when there are hormone imbalances, it means something else is not working which is causing the imbalance. The most common cause of hormone imbalances is dysfunctional detoxification. If the body cannot get rid of toxins (and old used hormones) toxicity of all kinds build up in the body, and that will cause brain fog as well as other issues.
What Causes Brain Fog | Sleep
Just ask any new mom if they have brain fog! Good sleep is critical for proper brain function. When you sleep your body focuses on healing, detoxification and fighting infections. Without sleep the brain can become more inflamed. We need to get enough good sleep. Problems related to poor sleep are low melatonin and sleep apnea.
What Causes Brain Fog | Mold
For some people mold will make their brain fog out completely. People susceptible to mold cannot detoxify the mold toxins, and as a result the toxins build up in their system. Mold toxins are extremely inflammatory, and as you know by now, that means brain fog!
What Causes Brain Fog | Lyme Disease
Similarly to mold, the bacteria that causes Lyme disease produces very inflammatory toxins and some people can't get rid of these toxins. Additionally the bacteria can infect the brain. This kind of brain fog is extreme and can also be associated with psychotic symptoms. Sometimes Lyme patients really feel like they are going crazy.
What Causes Brain Fog | Infections
Fungal pathogens like candida, viral pathogens like Epstein Barr, and bacterial pathogens like the kind we find in the gut can all cause brain fog. These tend to be more of the chronic type of infections. So a person with one of more of these infections may have had them for months or even years. They just trudge through life. These infections cause inflammation, and as you know this will cause brain fog.
What Causes Brain Fog | A Functional Medicine Approach
I hope you can see by now just how important it is to find the root of brain fog. Functional medicine first looks for the cause (or in many cases, causes) of brain fog. This problem can be caused be so many things, a comprehensive history and testing are crucial to resolving this problem. We have helped many patients get rid of not only their brain fog but also the underlying issues causing it.
If you have any questions or comments please use this comment portion below.
If you would like to get to the root of your brain fog and live in the US we can help you!
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