text:
Über den Autor
Moira Donald is Head of Psychology at the Stephen Perse Sixth Form College in Cambridge. Moira recently graduated in Experimental Psychology from the University of Oxford, following a previous career as a university lecturer in history. Louise Ellerby-Jones is an examiner for a leading exam board and a teacher of psychology at The Highfield School, Letchworth. She is co-author of OCR Psychology for AS also published by Hodder Education, and an active member of the Association for the Teaching of Psychology.
1 Turning to crime 2 Making a Case 3 Reaching a verdict 4 After a guilty verdict 5 Health and clinical psychology 6 Stress 7 Dysfunctional behaviour 8 Disorders 9 Sports and exercise psychology 10 Sport performance 11 Social psychology of sport 12 Exercise psychology 13Teaching and learning 14 Student participation 15 The social world of teaching and learning 16 Enabling learning: dealing with diversity
Every Applied Option for OCR A2. Every study explained in depth by a subject expert. Every topic matched to the specification by an examiner.
Written by subject and specification experts, Psychology for OCR A2 supports all 4 options the A2 specification. All of the key studies are discussed, with key concepts and background explained along the way. Once you've got the basics regular in-depth evaluation sections push you to better exam grades and increase your confidence.
Inside these colourfully designed pages, you'll find features that:
- Explain how to link to Approaches, Issues and Debates
- Summarise and evaluate Research Methods
- Suggest Activities to help you explore key concepts proactively
- Evaluate key research studies in the depth you need for a better grade.
Throughout the book there are links to a separately available OCR Study Guide for A2 and OCR Psychology Research Methods Companion for AS & A2, containing extra support and detail for the A2 papers.


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- Built in 1933, Thao Suranari Monument was built in the memory of the Thai Heroine 'Khunying Mo' who is also popularly known as Yo Mo. This grand monument is built over her ashes and has a 1.85 metres high statue holding a sword and facing the city of Bangkok. Every year people offer prayers to this lady known for her valor who was honored the title of Thao Suranari by King Rama III on the success in the battle against Chao Anuwong. The Thao Suranaree Fair is celebrated every year to commemorate her victory and most residents of the city and nearby villagers flock here to seek her blessings.
- © wcities.com 2013

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Back to Kemp Acoustics Home next up previous contents
Next: Introduction to the study Up: thesis Previous: List of Figures Contents
List of Tables
 1. Trumpet section dimensions
 2. Thermodynamic constants
 3. MLS element sequence for $m=4$
 4. Recursion relations for MLS of length $2^m-1$
 5. Zeros of the Bessel function $J_1$ to 7 decimal places
Jonathan Kemp 2003-03-24


text:
There are a few different types of payment terms that are commonly used in procurement contracts. Here is a brief definition of each:
-Net 30: This means that the full amount is due within 30 days of receipt of invoice.
-2% 10 net 30: This means that the full amount is due within 30 days of receipt of invoice, but a 2% discount is given if the invoice is paid within 10 days.
-COD (Cash on Delivery): This means that payment is due at the time of delivery.
-FOB (Free on Board): This means that the buyer pays for shipping costs, but not for any other charges associated with getting the goods to their destination (e.g. import duties).

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


For the third time in a month, wind energy protects consumers during cold snap
Wind energy proved its value to California consumers last Thursday and Friday by providing a large amount of energy when natural gas prices and electricity prices spiked during a cold snap. In a replay of events seen twice in the last month across nearly every region of the country, wind energy played a critical role in keeping electricity and natural gas prices in check.
Specifically, wind energy provided around 2,000 MW of output at the time of peak demand last Thursday evening, and wind energy output remained high at around 2,500 MW for most of the rest of Thursday evening. This came at a critical time for the California grid operator, which issued a statewide "Flex Alert" on Thursday because "A shortage of natural gas triggered by extreme cold weather in much of the United States and Canada is impacting fuel supplies to Southern CA power plants and reducing electricity generation."
Wind energy also protected California consumers from energy price spikes on Friday, when the grid operator remained on lower-level alert due to continuing natural gas shortages. Throughout the afternoon and evening peak demand period, wind energy provided in excess of 2,000 MW, and between 2,500 MW and 3,300 MW for much of that period.
Photo credit: First Wind
Both of these events, and the numerous other cold snap events in January in which wind energy helped keep energy prices in check and keep the lights on, illustrate the benefits of a diverse portfolio of energy resources that includes wind energy. The unexpected failures of many conventional power plants during these events, many caused by a shortage of natural gas, proved that no energy source is 100 percent reliable.
All power plants have always been backed up by all other power plants, and it is actually far cheaper to reliably integrate wind energy than large conventional power plants because changes in wind energy output occur gradually and are predictable, while conventional power plants fail instantly and without warning. Grid operators must keep expensive fast-acting reserves on hand 24/7 in case a large conventional power plant fails, while changes in wind output can be accommodated with far less expensive, slower-acting reserves.
Because it has no fuel cost, wind energy plays a critical role in protecting consumers from fuel price volatility. Through four separate mechanisms, wind energy keeps electricity and natural gas prices in check, both during extreme weather events and everyday grid operations. Specifically, wind energy:
 1. Directly offsets the use of expensive energy
 2. Drives prices down for all consumers in the electricity market
 3. Drives natural gas prices down for all consumers in the gas market, and
 4. Hedges against energy price volatility
Wind energy is also playing a critical role in protecting California and other parts of the country from drought. Nearly all conventional sources of electricity generation consume a tremendous amount of water, mostly for use in power plant cooling systems. Providing a typical household with electricity for a month consumes hundreds of gallons of water. Drought can even cause electric reliability problems by forcing conventional power plants offline if there is insufficient water for them to operate. In contrast, wind energy consumes virtually no water, conserving tens of billions of gallons of water per year.
Despite the clear evidence of wind energy's role in protecting consumers and electric reliability last Thursday and Friday from failures caused by other fuel sources, a San Diego Union Tribune business columnist attempted to use the incident as part of its long-standing and discredited campaign against renewable energy.
Without any data or other evidence to support his claim, reporter Dan McSwain argues that the shortages were caused by California's push for renewable energy. It is unclear how he can argue that an event that everyone, including the grid operator, understands was caused by natural gas supply shortages and compounded by the breakdown and retirement of the San Onofre nuclear plant, is somehow instead an indictment of renewable energy.
His attack piece then trots out some other thoroughly debunked fossil fuel industry myths.
First is the thoroughly discredited claim that wind energy's pollution savings are reduced, or totally eliminated as he claims, by counteracting impacts on the efficiency of fossil-fired power plants. Last September, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory released thorough analysis demonstrating that wind energy reduces carbon dioxide pollution by 1190 pounds per MWh, based on real-world hourly emissions data from every power plant in the Western U.S. Wind was found to produce 99.8 percent of the expected emissions savings, as the negative impact of wind on the efficiency of fossil-fired power plants was found to be "negligible."
McSwain next falsely claims that "the U.S. has cut carbon emissions more than any other nation," which is directly contradicted by the World Bank data in the table below showing that U.S. carbon emissions reductions are far smaller than those of European wind energy leaders. Of course, he also ignores that wind energy is a major contributor to U.S. emissions reductions, cutting CO2 emissions by 100 million tons per year, the equivalent to taking 17 million cars off the road. In fact, wind energy's emissions reductions accounted for about 15-20 percent of the total economy-wide emissions reductions seen over the 2005-2010 period, and thanks to newly installed wind, wind's emissions reductions are now 50 percent higher than that. Moreover, some of the previous emissions reductions driven by natural gas electricity replacing coal electricity are now being reversed as natural gas prices increase, while wind energy continues to deliver sustained emissions reductions.
Change in CO2 emissions, 2005-2010
% Wind energy, end of 2010
Finally, McSwain ties himself up in several false and misleading statements in an attempt to claim that renewable energy is expensive. Strangely, he starts off by admitting that he has no data to support that argument, as he falsely claims that "the actual costs of green energy are secret under state regulations."
In fact, all power purchase agreements are publicly on file with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, and they show that in the windiest parts of the country wind purchase agreements are being signed at prices at or below that of any other energy source. Numerous other government data sources confirm wind energy's costs have fallen dramatically, with declines of more than 43 percent over the last four years.
McSwain then attempts to claim that a wind project in Mexico will cost 34 percent more to build than a gas power plant. The obvious problem with that comparison is that the fuel for the wind project will always be free, while the gas power plant faces ongoing (and likely increasing) fuel costs for the rest of its life. Comparing power plants based on the cost to build them, without looking at fuel costs, is like claiming that a gas-guzzler is a good deal because the initial price tag is lower than a more efficient vehicle. In fact, DOE data confirm that fuel and other operating costs make up about two-thirds of the cost of providing electricity from natural gas power plants, with the upfront capital costs that McSwain focuses on only accounting for about one quarter of the total cost. McSwain does at least attempt to cover his misleading argument with the understatement that, "I'll note here that the [gas plant's] actual price tag will rise with fuel costs."
It is a positive sign that wind energy's opponents are so desperate that the only attack they have left is to distort wind's obvious success stories.
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The Poole Bills, also called "Poole Monkey Bills," were a series of attempts in the 1920s by General Assembly member D. Scott Poole to outlaw the teaching of evolution in state-supported schools. Inspired by actions of the Tennessee legislature that precipitated the infamous Scopes Trial of 1920, and backed by fundamentalist forces centered around a committee of 100 churchmen of the North Carolina Presbyterian Synod, Poole introduced his first bill in 1925 and saw it defeated by a narrow margin. In February 1927 Poole's bill was reintroduced and defeated in committee by a margin of 25 to 11 after a rousing speech by Paul J. Ryan, a law student at the University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill. Victory for the bill's opponents was widely attributed to some presentations and debates in Charlotte sponsored by former students of Horace Williams (_PHONE_), the controversial philosophy professor at UNC-Chapel Hill.
The Evolution Controvery in North Carolina in the 1920's, UNC Libraries:
Primary Sources: _URL_
Glossary: _URL_
1 January 2006 | Mills, Jerry Leath


Change proxy server settings in Internet Explorer
Proxy settings are used to tell Internet Explorer the network address of an intermediary server (known as a proxy server) that is used between the browser and the Internet on some networks. Changing proxy settings is something you usually only have to do if you are connecting to the Internet through a corporate network. By default, Internet Explorer automatically detects proxy settings. However, you might need to manually set a proxy with information supplied by your network administrator. Here's how:
To change proxy server settings
 4. Select the Use a proxy server for your LAN check box.
 5. In the Address box, type the address of the proxy server.
 6. In the Port box, type the port number.
 7. If your network requires separate proxy addresses for different services, such as HTTP, HTTPS, or FTP, click the Advanced button, and then type the individual proxy server addresses to use.
 8. When you are finished making changes, click OK until you return to Internet Explorer.
 - In some corporate environments, network or proxy settings might be pre-set or turned off by the administrator.
Need more help?


Makeup Makes You Look Younger, New Study Reveals Why
Wear makeup, look younger—it's really that simple.
When we look at a person's face, we can tell a lot about them. Our brain makes snap decisions as to whether the person is male or female, attractive or not, or young or old. Dr. Richard Russell, a psychology professor at Gettysburg College, studies the cues to health, age and beauty hidden in our faces. "I'm trying to understand how we recognize other people and make judgments about them based on their facial appearance," he explains.
MORE: What Makes Makeup So Effective?
MORE: Why Makeup Ups Your Likeability
Russell has also previously found that makeup tends to increase the contrast between features and the skin. Not only do darkened eyes and redder lips make faces appear more feminine, Russell's discovery now suggests makeup makes women appear younger, too.
"Many people are concerned with reducing the visual signs of aging, and this supports the existence of the multi-billion dollar cosmetic and cosmetic surgery industries," write the authors. "How cosmetics make the face more attractive is one of the key questions for understanding cosmetics," explains Russell. By artificially creating a more youthful appearance, makeup enhances signals of health and vitality. But it's just a piece of the aging puzzle: While the team found contrast was a factor, they also found that other cues, like wrinkles and sagging, played a much larger role in age estimation.
- by Christie Wilcox
More From YouBeauty:
How Makeup Makes You Look More Professional
Do You Need to Let Your Skin Breathe?
Why Spring 2013 Beauty Trends Really Work


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Canadian Civil Liberties Education Trust (CCLET) is a non-profit research and educational organization created by the Canadian Civil Liberties Association.
CCLET's function is to introduce Canadians to the exploration of civil liberties and to help in the development of democratic habits.
Since the early 1990s, the Canadian Civil Liberties Education Trust (CCLET) has developed a unique approach to teaching civil liberties in the classroom. Through the Civil Liberties in the Schools and the Teaching Civil Liberties Projects, which are funded by the CCLET and the Law Foundation of Ontario (LFO), the organization provides free workshops, seminars, and in-class sessions in schools, educational institutions, and faculties of education, educating citizens about their rights and freedoms. The in-school program helps teachers fulfill curriculum demands in subject areas such as History, Social Studies, Civics, and Law.
The value-balancing approach allows students and teachers to examine and debate legal and ethical dilemmas. Students learn to ask questions that may not have easy answers. They practice examining the purpose, effectiveness, and fairness of limits to their rights and freedoms.
"The comments that some students… made serve to confirm the importance of the Canadian Civil Liberties Association [Education Trust]. The topics and methods of presentation were engaging to the students. For some, it was perhaps the first time that they were encouraged to consider… their decision making in relation to civil liberties. I would be delighted to have this program a part of my course syllabus in the years to come."
"Fun, entertaining and informative – students learn a great amount of information on rights and responsibilities in an interactive way – students feel their opinion counts!"
High School Teacher
Thornlea Secondary School
CCLET reaches thousands of students each year in highly interactive workshops where students voice a wide variety of viewpoints. Students discuss issues from Supreme Court cases to the morning's headlines with a civil liberties focus: should a religious teenager be permitted to refuse a blood transfusion? Should police be allowed to use dogs to search schools for drugs? Should a student be suspended for wearing a t-shirt that displays a strong and controversial political slogan?


Your internet guide to
all things catfish
Brackish Water Catfish
Dr. Neale Monks
Neale Monks is editor and senior author of Brackish Water Fishes, published by TFH and due out this summer (2006). He is the brackish water 'expert' in Practical Fishkeeping Magazine, and has been maintaining a popular FAQ on the topic for over 10 years.
The Salt-allergy Myth
ne of the most persistent myths in fishkeeping is that catfish are allergic to salt. The rationalisation behind this is that because catfish lack scales (which is true) they are much more sensitive to the osmotic effect of brackish water (which is nonsense). Consider this: moray eels also lack scales, yet virtually all of them live in the sea, with only a handful being found in brackish or fresh water.
The ability of a fish to control the flow of salts and water in and out of its body depends not on whether it has scales or not, but on its overall physiology. This, in turn, depends on the how evolution has modified that species to fit into a particular environment. Catfish adapted to soft water habitats, for example, are indeed unlikely to to do well in a brackish water aquarium, but the same holds true for all the other soft water aquarium fish, such as barbs, tetras, loaches, gouramis, and so on. What might come as a surprise to many catfish enthusiasts is that there are lots of catfish adapted to brackish water environments, and there are two families that are primarily marine in distribution, containing relatively few species that inhabit completely freshwater environments. These are the families Ariidae and Plotosidae, known as the sea catfish and eel catfish respectively. A few other families, including the Aspredinidae, Bagridae, Clariidae, Ictaluridae, Siluridae, and Loricariidae, include species that either tolerate brackish water or are found primarily in brackish water, further shattering the myth of catfish as being allergic to salt.
Brackish water plecs
Easily the question I get asked most often is whether or not plecs can be kept in a brackish water aquarium. The short answer is probably not, but the long answer is a much more complex than that.
To begin with, there are species of loricariid catfish that are apparently adapted to slightly brackish water habitats. In aquaristic terms, that would correspond to a specific gravity, or SG, of around 1.003 to 1.005. Hypostomus ventromaculatus is one such species, being found primarily in the Amazon estuary and according to FishBase only within the tidal, brackish water region of the river. Another species, Hypostomus watwata, is also common in slightly brackish environments, even being found living among mangrove tree roots. While these fish sound like ideal additions to a low-salinity brackish aquarium alongside things like mollies, gobies, and dwarf cichlids, the problem is that they are not traded much, if at all
Hypostomus plecostomus
Hypostomus plecostomus
is another species known to inhabit slightly brackish water, though in this case such observations have often been made outside of its natural range. In Florida, for example, where this fish has become widely established, it is quite commonly found in slightly brackish water.
Of course the main problem with using this species in the brackish water aquarium is that while the name Hypostomus plecostomus is commonly used in aquarium books and magazines to refer to the standard issue, common or garden plec, it is hardly ever the species available for sale. You are far more likely to find species of Liposarcus or Pterygoblichthys masquerading as "common plecs" in most aquarium stores.
Freshwater catfish that occur in brackish water
A number of catfish families include species that tolerate brackish water even if they don't need it. Siluris glanis, for example, one of the Siluridae, is normally found in freshwater rivers but can also be the slightly brackish water fringing the Baltic and Caspian seas. The same holds true for various species of clariid and ictaluriid catfish. These fish probably don't have any specific adaptations to brackish water, it's just that they are incredibly hardy and tolerant of sub-optimal conditions. Ictalurus punctatus in particular thrives in low salinity brackish water aquaria, though its large adult size and predatory nature do limit its usefulness.
Brackish water specialists
Mystus gulio
Catfish that tolerate brackish water are one thing, but species that actually prefer brackish water conditions are something else. Mystus gulio is one such species. It is a large bagrid catfish known in its natural range (South and South East Asia) as the estuarine catfish, a good indication of its preferred habitat. It is large (45 cm), silvery, schooling catfish that has only rarely been traded as an aquarium fish. Superficially similar in form and habit to the popular Colombian shark catfish (discussed below) it contrasts with that species in requiring slightly rather than strongly brackish water. It is adaptable though, and is common in completely freshwater rivers, and is even sometimes found in the sea. Nonetheless, for optimal health, this fish should be kept in slightly brackish water around the SG 1.005 mark. While not recommended for use alongside scats or monos, which prefer more strongly brackish conditions, this would be a fine companion for large sleeper gobies, green chromides, Siamese tigers (Datnioides spp.), and other large but peaceful, low salinity, brackish water fish.
It should be noted that Mystus gulio is unique among Mystus species in being a brackish water specialist; most of the other Mystus species sold as aquarium fish are strictly freshwater animals and should be maintained accordingly.
Bunocephalus coracoideus
Another group of catfish primarily associated with freshwater habitats but including a few brackish water specialists are the banjo catfish. The small species, like the ever-popular Bunocephalus coracoideus, are entirely freshwater fish, but it is the larger ones, such as Aspredinichthys, Aspredo, and Platystacus spp., that are the brackish water specialists.
These big banjos typically grow to around 20 to 30 cm, but are otherwise very similar to the dwarf species in terms of habits and requirements. In the wild they are normally found in coastal regions, though not always in brackish water, but they are not found in the sea. Like Mystus gulio, a low salinity suits them best, although they can be maintained in freshwater aquaria too, provided the water is not too soft or acid.
Marine catfish
When it comes to salty water, two catfish families stand out: the Ariidae and the Plotosidae. The Ariidae is perhaps the best known to freshwater fishkeepers, with one species, Hexanematichthys seemanni, being very Hexanematichthys seemanni
widely sold as the Colombian shark catfish. This is a large family (around 120 species) with representatives to be found along the coastlines of all the continents except Europe and Antarctica. Australia has a number of species that have secondarily become truly freshwater fish, presumably in the absence of competition from other catfish families, but ariids are otherwise completely marine animals that only migrate into rivers when foraging for food. The Colombian shark catfish, for example, while sold as a brackish water fish, is best kept in a marine aquarium.
The Plotosidae are a smaller family (around 30 species are known) that are confined to the Indo-West Pacific. Oddly enough, most of them are strictly freshwater fish found in Australia and New Guinea, where they are known locally as "cobblers" or "tandans". Nonetheless, there's no question that the family evolved in the sea, and many of them still live there. Like the Australian freshwater ariids, the freshwater plotosids have presumably radiated to occupy the ecological niches in Australia and New Guinea that 'true' freshwater catfish occupy elsewhere.
Plotosus lineatus
Only a single species of plotosid has had had any impact on the hobby (outside of Australia, at least), Plotosus lineatus. Normally the neatly-marked juveniles are sold as a marine fish, but since the adults are 30 cm long and rather drab by comparison with most other ornamental marine fish, they haven't become at all popular. While they can be maintained in marine aquaria, they will do equally well in midto high-salinity brackish water tanks where the specific gravity is maintained at 1.010 or more.
Adults in particular seem to be very accommodating, and have even been found in completely fresh water. Plotosus lineatus is a schooling fish when young, but adults are territorial are usually end up being kept alone. They are predators, but will mix fine with fishes too large to eat, such as scats.
Just as catfish manage to span the range of ecological niches from herbivores to predators, from cold mountain streams to tropical swamps, so


Best Practices for Creating NLP Test Cases
Creating NLP Test Cases
The Functionize NLP Test Creation system is highly advanced and is specifically designed to understand test cases. It can cope with unstructured tests, but it is far better to provide clear, unambiguous test cases.
The following advice will help you create better test cases for the system to process.
 1. Review your test plan before submitting it and ensure it meets the guidelines above.
 2. Remove any test steps that are obsolete and/or unnecessary.
 3. Ensure that verification actions are included for each step.
 If the test step is "Open the URL" the next step should check that the page opened correctly. For instance, "verify the page title is login" or "verify the login form is displayed".
 If the test step is "enter username 'test' and password 'password', then click on the submit button", the next step should check whether the 'test' user is correctly logged in. For instance, "verify the username 'test' is displayed top right".
 If the test requires a long form to be filled in, you should add intermediate verification steps. For instance, on an address form, after the street, town, and postcode fields have been entered, verify that the postcode field displays a valid postcode. It will also help to capture a screenshot of the input steps for later verification.
 4. Double-check every URL in the test case.
 In particular, the initial URL used during test job creation must be exactly correct. Pay particular attention to any variables being passed in the URL.
 5. Don't leave logical gaps in the flow.
 Our system is intelligent, but it isn't a human! If there are any missing steps, it won't know what to do. For instance, a human will just dismiss a popup warning message about weak passwords, but the NLP system won't.
See also: Effective Test Case Writing in NLPKeywords Used by the NLP System and Operators Used to Test Dynamic Data.
Format for Submitting NLP Test Cases
Functionize NLP Test Cases need to be submitted in a particular format.
 1. The test plan should be a spreadsheet with a minimum of three columns with headers given in CAPITALS as below:
 a. STEP
 b. TEST DATA
 2. The TEST DATA and EXPECTED RESULT columns can be empty, but must be present. Without these, the system won't be able to read your test case.
 3. The document must be either a CSV (.csv) or excel file (.xlsx).
 4. Test cases must not contain any blank rows.
 5. Any instructions or comments relating to the test case should be added as rows above the three mandatory headers listed above. These rows must use a double forward slash '//' to indicate they are not part of the actual test.
 6. Remove any unicode or special characters that may not load or display properly.
Note: If the system is unable to identify the correct column headers, or if they are not written correctly, you will be brought to a mapping modal to let our system know which columns contain the correct information. Use this to tell the system what the correct columns are.


By Huan Lee and Stephen Pomeroy, Lambient Technologies
High-speed dielectric cure monitoring has the unique ability to measure cure in real time under actual process conditions, which is valuable for studying materials that polymerize in seconds, such as H.B. Fuller U3345,1 the UV-curable adhesive used for this study. Under UV irradiation, U3345 reacts rapidly and exhibits dynamic behavior that would be difficult or impossible to see with other methods. The utility of dielectric cure monitoring allows measurement of the degree of cure and the response of UV-curable resins to irradiance and exposure.
Dielectric cure monitoring
Dielectric cure monitoring, also known as dielectric analysis (DEA), measures a polymer's resistivity (ρ) and permittivity (ε), which are a material's dielectric properties. Resistivity itself has a frequency independent (ρDC) component due to the flow of mobile ions and a frequency dependent (ρAC) component due to the rotation of stationary dipoles.
Although often called DC resistivity, frequency independent resistivity actually extends across a range of frequencies that includes DC (0 Hz). Because a thermoset's degree of cure affects both mechanical viscosity and frequency independent resistivity, the term ion viscosity was coined to emphasize the relationship between the two. Ion viscosity (IV) is therefore defined as:
Equation 1. IV = ρDC (ohm-cm)
This paper presents and discusses data for log(ion viscosity), which will be called log(IV) for brevity. At constant or near-constant temperature, the change in log(IV) often has a linear or near-linear relationship with the change in degree of cure, as measured by glass transition temperature and other methods.2,3,4 Because ion viscosity correlates with cure state, it is a useful probe of the material state of epoxies, polyurethanes, polystyrenes and especially UV-cured resins.
Dielectric sensors
Figure 1. Dielectric sensor with interdigitated electrodes
Dielectric cure monitors measure the resistance (R) and capacitance (C) of material between a pair of electrodes, which can be modeled as a resistance in parallel with a capacitance. A common configuration is the comb structure or interdigitated electrode, such as the example of Figure 1, the Quarto-Varicon5 dielectric sensor used in this study. This sensor is constructed as a thin polyimide flex circuit with an electrode width and separation of 100 microns.
As a rule of thumb, interdigitated electrodes with the same width and separation measure to a depth approximately equal to the electrode width. Consequently, the sensor used in this study makes a very localized measurement only 100 microns into the sample.
For UV curing, interdigitated sensors may be placed within a sample and away from the surface to avoid any confounding effects from oxygen inhibition, which prevents cure at the interface with the atmosphere.
Ultraviolet light source
The SunSpot 2 UV/Visible Light Curing System6 was the UV source for this study. The high-power output from its arc lamp is wide-band and intensity at the end of the light guide is typically >18,000 mW/cm2 in UVA (320 to 390 nm), with adjustable settings from I = 0 to I = 10 for intensity ranging from 60% to 100%, respectively, of full power.
This UV source uses both a dichroic filter and mirror to greatly reduce IR transmission through the light guide. Absorption of radiation in the remaining visible/UVA/UVB/UVC wavelengths, nevertheless, can produce considerable heating of samples at high irradiances.
U3345 is a UV-curable, modified acrylate adhesive using a phenyl bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phosphine oxide photoinitiator. After excitation, this photoinitiator undergoes cleavage to produce initiating radicals that drive cure. Since these photoproducts have reduced absorption in the visible/UV spectrum, the photoinitiator becomes bleached, enabling deeper penetration of UV and curing of thicker coatings.
Figure 2. Test set-up for UV cure
The experimental set-up is shown in Figure 2. At the end of the light guide, a collimator concentrated the light and projected it onto a platform for the sample. For each test, U3345 UVcurable adhesive was applied to a new dielectric sensor, resulting in a sample 7 mm x 20 mm in area and approximately 1 mm thick. The sample was placed on the platform at the estimated center of the irradiance profile. A thermocouple beside the sensor enabled temperature measurements during and after exposure.
Table 1. Relative irradiance for tested combinations of standoff and intensity
Each test used a standoff of 15 cm, 20 cm, 38 cm or 48 cm between the collimator and platform. UV source intensity was set to I = 0, 5 or 10, corresponding to 60%, 83% or 100% of full intensity, respectively. Lack of a UV meter prevented direct measurement of irradiance, so it was estimated from the rising and falling temperature profile during a test. These data were used to model a hypothetical thermal source for each exposure. The temperature of this hypothetical source was assumed to be proportional to actual irradiance at the sample and was used to derive the relative irradiances of Table 1. Without absolute UV power measurements, irradiance during a test was given a relative value from Table 1 to enable comparisons among results.
An LT-631 High-Speed Dielectric Cure Monitor7 measured ion viscosity with an excitation frequency of 100 Hz at a rate of 60 ms/data point. To ensure capture of the entire cure, the UV source was turned on five seconds after the start of data acquisition.
Cure from a single, low-intensity exposure
Figure 3. Ion viscosity of U3345, single exposure
After a single exposure of U3345 to brief, low intensity UV, the ion viscosity and temperature were measured for 60 seconds. Standoff was 48 cm and the UV source intensity setting was I = 0 with an exposure time of one second. From Table 1 the relative irradiance = 1.0. Ion viscosity data from this test, shown in Figure 3, reveals three events:
UV cure during exposure. Before irradiation, the U3345 is at 0% degree of cure and the initial log(IV) = 6.9. During the one-second exposure, ion viscosity suddenly increases to log(IV) = 7.0 due to the curing process. Thermocouple temperature increases about 0.5°C due to absorption of light. Measured as the change in ion viscosity, cure is relatively slight, probably due to a time lag in the presence of activated photoinitiators at sensor level as they diffuse from the surface.
Dark cure after exposure. The activated photoinitiators continue to diffuse to the sensor and drive cure, indicated by the increase in ion viscosity, for a considerable time after UV exposure ends. As the photoinitiators are consumed, the cure process slows and ion viscosity asymptotically approaches a constant value. Because the sample is approximately 1 mm thick, cure should be both quicker and more complete near the surface, or quicker and more complete with a thinner coating.
End of cure. The asymptotic value of log(IV) = 7.8 at the end of cure, which occurs at approximately 60 seconds after exposure.
Cure from cumulative exposures
Figure 4. Ion viscosity of U3345, multiple exposures of one second each
To investigate the effect of successive exposures, three samples of U3345 at different standoffs were exposed for one second at a time with UV source intensity = 0 and at one-minute intervals. The samples, which had standoffs of 48 cm, 38 cm and 20 cm, have relative irradiances of 1.0, 2.1 and 9.3, respectively, with each exposure. The results are shown in Figure 4.
The plot of Figure 3 actually is the first minute of the data in Figure 4 for a 48 cm standoff. Although the reaction in Figure 3 essentially ends after about 60 seconds, it is clear from Figure 4 that cure is incomplete at this point. Furthermore, the data show that maximum log(IV) after each incremental cure is proportional to the cumulative exposure. In each case, higher ion viscosity also corresponds to higher degree of cure.
The data show that two exposures at relative irradiance = 2.1 are sufficient to reach a plateau of log(IV) ~10.8, while only one exposure at relative irradiance = 9.3 is necessary. Also, once the plateau is reached, additional exposures do not change the ion viscosity level, indicating the U3345 has reached 100% degree of cure. It is important to note that Figure 4 describes the behavior of cure at the bottom of a 1 mm thick sample, with the cure rate there depending on the concentration of photoinitiators as they diffuse from the top. Coatings of different thicknesses would have different profiles of ion viscosity versus exposure and time, which in turn may yield information about diffusion rates.
Table 2. Standoff distances, relative irradiances and relative exposures
Table 2 lists the relative irradiances and cumulative relative exposures for each test. Max log(IV) is the value at the end of cure following each exposure and is indicated in Figure 4 as well as listed in Table 2. Figure 5 plots maximum log(IV) versus cumulative relative


text: Mimbres ware, David Muench/Corbispre-Columbian North American Indian pottery of the Mogollon culture of what is present-day southwestern New Mexico, U.S., in the Mimbres period (900–1150). It is named for the Mimbres people who created it. The characteristic vessel of Mimbres ware is the decorated bowl. The interiors of these vessels are decorated with recognizable human and animal forms and geometric designs painted in black on a white ground. The sophisticated fish, bird, insect, and animal designs are usually depicted fancifully.


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The theme of 4AoS is Big Stuff - Astronomy - and Small Stuff - Macro and Microscopy - and anything else that takes my fancy in between.
The title, The Four Ages Of Sand, is taken from a speech by the great Douglas Adams in 1998:
"There are some oddities in the perspective with which we see the world. The fact that we live at the bottom of a deep gravity well, on the surface of a gas covered planet going around a nuclear fireball 90 million miles away and think this is perfectly normal is obviously some indication of how skewed our perspective tends to be, but we have done various things over intellectual history to slowly correct some of our misapprehensions. Curiously enough, quite a few of these have come from sand, so let's talk about the four ages of sand..."
We use sand to make glass, glass to make lenses, and lenses to make telescopes. Through Astronomy, we discovered the Universe was a very different place than we expected, and so began the First Age of Sand.
Next we used lenses to make microscopes and discovered that life itself was very different to what we had believed.
Then we discovered something else we can make from sand: silicon chips. The computer is the basis of the next stage in our intellectual evolution; The Third Of Sand.
What else can we make from sand? Fibre-optics. Fibre-optics allowed us to connect computers together, and the Fourth Age Of Sand - the Internet - was born.


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Politics and tax morale. the role of trust, values, and beliefs, in shaping individual attitudes towards tax compliance.
MetadataShow full item record
Traditional models of tax evasion cannot explain why most people comply with their taxes. It has been proposed that taxpayers may have an intrinsic motivation (or willingness) to comply with taxes - Tax Morale. Empirical studies found that trusting government, upholding religious beliefs, and supporting democratic regimes, increase individual Tax Morale. Based on those results and drawing from related literature in Political Science, this study tests the role of trusting government institutions delivering public goods to taxpayers, ideological beliefs, individual support for political regimes, and upholding post-materialist values, on Tax Morale. Results for individuals living in democratic countries show a positive relationship between trust in government institutions and upholding democratic values on Tax Morale; a negative relationship between upholding ideological (conservative) beliefs and Tax Morale, and no relationship between upholding post-materialist values and Tax Morale. Results for individuals living under non-democratic regimes differ in some respects; whereas support for democracy is related with higher Tax Morale, other results - trust in government and ideological beliefs - differ from theoretical expectations. Overall, higher trust in government increases willingness to comply with taxes, and support for democracy elicits higher Tax Morale.


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Handling changes to process applications is never particularly easy, but when safety gets involved, it's a whole other ball game. Properly managing all the needs, variables and requirements inherent in altering any process safety system takes a calm, logical and almost obsessively methodical and well-documented approach. This is needed to overcome the uncertainties and potential dangers that can arise when high-stakes applications are maintained, repaired, updated or replaced.
"Hazards involve equipment failures, human errors, unforeseen chemical reactions or any situation that increases operating risk, such as potential deficiencies in safety management systems. Hazards can be introduced when change occurs, when modifications to a facility's operation are made, or when replacement equipment doesn't meet the design criteria of equipment being replaced," said Ulric Roy, Invensys Operations Management's lead engineer for Triconex safety systems, at a presentation this week at the Invensys North America Client Conference in Houston. "Other changes occur when operating procedures are modified, site staffing changes, or a company reorganizes. Changes that aren't carefully controlled increase operating risk and can directly cause or lead to catastrophic events."
To help eliminate or mitigate these risks, make sure new hazards aren't introduced and ensure that human and environmental safety aren't compromised, Roy said. "Consistent and effective management of change (MOC) is the most important element of the process safety management (PSM) program. It's the most difficult activity to implement, and it requires solid dedication from highly experienced resources and rigorous management commitment."
Roy added that maturation of MOC programs in industry has been very slow, but today there is more support that inspires confidence. "For the past 20 years, most of the initial chemical industry MOC implementation activity has been driven by regulatory influence," said Roy. "Since 1989, a lot of industry experience and guidelines have been developed, and computer technology has helped garner acceptance of new tools, like the risk-based process safety (RBPS) system approach. However, the crucial element is reliable performance. Your MOC process should be flexible and aim for ways to continuously improve."
Roy explained that a MOC process is an organized, systematic effort that includes administrative procedures for the review and approval of changes before they are implemented. "Your PSM program shall define the MOC elements in detail. You define where the MOC process applies—the physical areas of the facilities, such as fence-to-fence, the phases of the process life cycle and the source of changes, such as hardware, software, procedures, personnel or organization," he said. "A MOC process should be designed to fit your organizational structure, culture and workforce, and it should be revised periodically to ensure adaptability."
However, Roy cautioned that a MOC process that is circumvented or used in a parallel environment with no widespread acceptance and commitment is worse than having no MOC process. "An effective MOC process demands a significant commitment from line management, departmental support organizations and employees," said Roy. "Success begins at the top, when management demonstrates leadership and commitment by making sometimes-hard decisions in favor of safety."
To manage risk by eliminating it, Roy described MOC's main goals as:
- Eliminate MOC deficiencies in safety management systems.
- Reduce quantity and magnitude of risks.
- Expand MOC into each phase of the process life cycle.
- Expand MOC into non-traditional changes.
- Make the MOC process more fault-tolerant and resilient to circumvention or human error.
- Reduce the number of PSM audit findings.
- Monitor MOC performance on-site and from a central location, where resources are specialized and cost-effective.
- Achieve better MOC results with fewer resources, if possible.
To accomplish these goals, Roy added that users must manage a variety of types of changes in their process applications. These types include changes to process equipment, process controls, safety systems, site infrastructure, operations and technology, preventive inspection maintenance, procedures and staffing. Likewise, they also must use MOC in each life-cycle phase of their equipment, application or facility. These phases include R&D, conceptual, design, detailed engineering design, procurement and construction, start-up (atypical operation), normal operation (typical operation), maintenance and turnaround, extended shutdown (atypical operation) and decommissioning.
"MOC is not a form. It's a process," said Roy. The seven steps in the MOC process include:
- An employee originates a request for change (RFC).
- PSM personnel independent of the RFC originator review the request to identify potential risks (adverse impacts) and list the process safety information (PSI) elements that may need modification.
- Based on this review, a facility manager approves or rejects the change.
- If the change is approved, it's implemented.
- The PSI is modified to reflect the change.
- Before start-up of the change, affected personnel are informed and trained if necessary.
- These activities must be completed prior to pre-start-up safety review (PSSR).
"The MOC process is the gatekeeper—a trackable sign-on/sign-off sheet—of most other documents," added Roy. "But you define where the MOC process applies in your PSM program, as well as the phases of the process life cycle, and the source of changes, such as from hardware, software, procedures, personnel or organization."


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Living up to the Pope's words: the Vatican turns to solar power
Jeremy Hance, mongabay.com
November 28, 2008
Compelled by the Pope's rhetoric, the Vatican is now taking action: 2,400 photovoltaic panels have been installed on the roof of the Vatican's Nervi Hall. The solar panels will produce an estimated 300 kilowatt hours of energy annually, proving enough energy to light, heat, and cool Nervi Hall and adjacent areas.
Church officials have assured the public that the solar panels would not alter the grandeur of the Vatican's architecture and design. Nervi Hall, also known as Paul VI Audience Hall, is one of the Vatican's more recent additions. Built in 1971, the hall can hold over 6,000 people and is also home to Pericle Fazzini's celebrated sculpture "Resurrection", in which Christ rises from the blast of a nuclear weapon.
The installation of solar panels on Nervi Hall is the first of many. The Vatican plans to employ enough renewable energy to provide 20 percent of its energy requirements by 2020.
When speaking on the environment, Pope Benedict XVI largely places the blame of environmental degradation on materialism. "In a world closed in on its materialism," the Pope has said, "it is easier for the human being to make himself the dictator of all other creatures and of nature." In March of this year the Pope created a list of seven new sins for the contemporary world, which included polluting the environment and excessive wealth.
Currently there are 1.1 billion Catholics in the world who look to the Pope as their spiritual leader, making Catholicism the world's largest sect of Christianity.


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The 4 significant other volumes on Dynamic features of Detonations and Explosion Phenomena and Dynamics of Gaseous and Heterogeneous Combustion and Reactive structures current 111 of the 230 papers given on the 13th foreign Colloquium at the Dynamics of Explosions and Reactive structures held in Nagoya, Japan. those books include the subjects of explosions, detonations, surprise phenomena, and reactive stream, in addition to the gasdynamic points of nonsteady stream in combustion structures, the fluid mechanics elements of combustion, and diagnostic ideas. of the volumes, Dynamics of Gaseous Combustion (Vol. 151) and Dynamics of Heterogeneous Combustion and Reacting platforms (Vol. 152), concentrate on the procedures of coupling the exothermic strength unencumber with the fluid mechanics happening in a number of blend approaches. the opposite volumes, Dynamic points of Detonations (Vol. 153) and Dynamic points of Explosion Phenomena (Vol. 154), tackle the speed tactics of power deposition in a compressible medium and the concurrent nonsteady movement because it usually happens in explosion phenomena.
Read or Download Dynamics of Heterogeneous Combustion and Reacting Systems (Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics) PDF
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Written through the most capable aerospace authors, this new publication develops airplane functionality ideas from first ideas and applies then to genuine airplanes. It additionally deal with a philosophy of, and strategies for airplane layout. through constructing and discussing those topics in one textual content, the writer captures a level of synergism no longer present in different texts.
Area organisations at the moment are knowing that a lot of what has formerly been accomplished utilizing highly complicated and dear unmarried platform projects-large unmanned and manned satellites (including the current overseas area Station) -can get replaced through a couple of smaller satellites networked jointly. the main problem of this method, specifically making sure the right kind formation flying of a number of craft, is the subject of this moment quantity in Elsevier's Astrodynamics sequence, Spacecraft Formation Flying: Dynamics, keep an eye on and navigation.
The research of flight dynamics calls for an intensive knowing of the idea of the soundness and regulate of airplane, an appreciation of flight keep watch over platforms and a grounding within the idea of computerized keep an eye on. Flight Dynamics ideas is a scholar centred textual content and gives quick access to all 3 themes in an built-in sleek platforms context.
Complicated Composite fabrics for Aerospace Engineering: Processing, houses and functions predominately makes a speciality of using complicated composite fabrics in aerospace engineering. It discusses either the elemental and complex requisites of those fabrics for varied purposes within the aerospace region, and comprises discussions on the entire major sorts of advertisement composites which are reviewed and in comparison to these of metals.
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Why Do Black Patients Fare Worse When MS Strikes?
TUESDAY, July 6, 2021 — While multiple sclerosis can cause a wide swath of symptoms and challenges for anyone diagnosed with the autoimmune disease, a new study finds that race may play a role in disease severity.
Researchers discovered that Black…
Source: Topamax


close up fern leaves
Making Decisions
Understanding Risk
Women diagnosed with DCIS will often hear about risk or chance. Risk information is complex and can be presented in various ways. This can make it difficult to use risk to help make medical decisions. Understanding some of the basic principles of risk can make it easier to think about it when discussing decisions with providers or doing your own research.
What is risk?
Risk (or chance) is very closely related to probability. Human health is a complicated system and determining risks are complex, but there are familiar systems that can illustrate what risk is which are much simpler; for example, tossing a coin.
A "fair" coin is one that is not weighted to favor one side or the other. If you imagine dropping a fair coin one time you cannot predict what will happen. It cannot be known for sure whether it will land heads up or tails up. But if you drop 100 fair coins a pattern will became apparent. About half the coins (50) will land heads up and half will land tails up. Probability describes the pattern that is seen after many repetitions. Experts study these patterns (probabilities) to describe the risk or chance of an event happening. In the case of the fair coin, many repetitions (over several centuries) have shown that the chance of it landing face up is about one half (50%). You still cannot predict what will happen to any one coin, but you CAN say a coin is just as likely to land heads up as heads down.
Determining risk for health conditions such as DCIS is far more complicated, but it is a very similar process. If we look at just one patient we cannot see a pattern, but if we see what happens to many patients with the same condition, a pattern may emerge. Studying this pattern may help us to determine the risks or chances that something may happen, for example a future breast cancer.
How do we know about risk?
It may seem obvious that a fair coin would land face up half the time. But in science and medicine it is always necessary to have evidence. Many trials have been done with large numbers of coins over the last three centuries. In one trial, a coin was tossed 24,000 times! It landed heads up 12,012 times about 50.05% of the time.
In a similar way, researchers study many patients with the same condition in as many different groups as they can to be sure they are seeing a true pattern. Just like the coins, once they are confident in that pattern, they use it to determine risk or chance. In medicine, these studies are conducted in different ways, but one of the most important types of study is a clinical trial. There is a section on this website that describes clinical trials in more detail. It also includes a video.
Understanding Relative Risk, Actual Risk and Individual Risk
As you talk with your providers or do your own reading, you may see or hear about different types of risk. It is important to know what type of risk is being described. Two of the most common types are relative risk and absolute risk.
RELATIVE RISK compares two or more GROUPS. For example, we can compare a bag of one hundred marbles that contains ONE blue marble with a second bag that contains TWO blue marbles. The risk of drawing a blue marble is twice as high for the second bag as the first. The relative risk of drawing a blue marble from the second bag is 200% compared to (relative to) the first bag. This does not tell us anything about the risk for any one marble drawn from either bag alone.
ABSOLUTE RISK tells what is more or less likely to happen for ANY given member of a group being studied. In the example above, the absolute risk of drawing a blue marble from the first bag is only 1 out of 100 (1%). The absolute risk of drawing a blue marble from the second bag is 2 out of 100 (2%). Even though RELATIVE RISK is twice as high for the second bag compared to the first bag, the ABSOLUTE risk is still very small for the second bag.
Relative risk and absolute risk are also used when discussing groups of patients. When you are using risk assessment to help make a medical decision, it is always best to use absolute risk. It is describing what is more likely to happen to any individual in the group being studied.
INDIVIDUAL RISK tells us what is more or less likely to happen to a SPECIFIC individual. It can be difficult to estimate the risk for an individual person (or even an individual coin). This is because there are many factors that must be considered. For a woman diagnosed with DCIS, her age, environment, genetics, family history, diet/exercise habits, and grade/size of DCIS, can all influence her INDIVIDUAL risk.
It is easy to think that the risks you hear about are YOUR risks, but this is rarely the case. There are some computer programs that can give you a more personalized risk, but they still cannot predict exactly what will happen to YOU — only what is more likely to happen to someone in your situation. It is important that you fully understand different types of risk so you can make the decision that is best for you.
Past Uncertainty and Differing Information
DCIS is far more complex than coins or marbles. It has only recently become a more common diagnosis and researchers have not yet had the opportunity to study patients in large enough groups to fully understand all the patterns (probabilities). Because of this, experts disagree about what the risks are and how they can be reduced. Medical researchers cannot accurately predict which DCIS will lead to invasive breast cancer. Women may receive different advice about treatment options. Studies have shown that women diagnosed with DCIS often overestimate their breast cancer risk. For example, they may believe the chance of DCIS returning and dying of cancer is higher than it actually is.
TIPS for using risk in medical decision-making:
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Abstract: This paper examines investments in cloud computing using the Benefits Management approach. The major contribution of the paper is to provide a unique insight into how organizations derive value from cloud computing investments. The motivation for writing this paper is to consider the business benefits generated from utilizing cloud computing in a range of organizations. Case studies are used to describe a number of organizations approaches to benefits exploitation using cloud computing. It was found that smaller organizations can generate rapid growth using strategies based on cloud computing. Larger organizations have used utility approaches to reduce the costs of IT infrastructure.
Keywords: Cloud Computing; Benefits Management; Information Systems Management


Data exploration systems that provide differential privacy must manage a privacy budget that measures the amount of privacy lost across multiple queries. One effective strategy to manage the privacy budget is to compute a one-time private synopsis of the data, to which users can make an unlimited number of queries. However, existing systems using synopses are built for offline use cases, where a set of queries is known ahead of time and the system carefully optimizes a synopsis for it. The synopses that these systems build are costly to compute and may also be costly to store. We introduce Overlook, a system that enables private data exploration at interactive latencies for both data analysts and data curators. Overlook enables fast computation of private synopses using the idea of a "virtual synopsis," which represents a potentially large private synopsis implicitly using a pseudorandom function that is evaluated on demand. Overlook uses a synopsis that is simple but fast and has accuracy comparable to other state-of-the-art synopses, requiring 0.5 seconds or less to generate a histogram over 60 GB of data -- only 2.5 × slower than the equivalent public histogram. Together, these allow Overlook to provide a rich, interactive, and fast visual query interface that allows users to explore private data with minimal storage overhead -- tens of bytes -- on the server
November, 2020
Related projects
Research Areas
 - big data
Theory and Practice of Differential Privacy (TPDP 2020)


Welcome to Putnam County GenWeb
Federal Point Agriculture
Cabbage Box Lable
Potatoes were the number one crop in the Federal Point and Hastings area for years. The Hastings Potatoe Growers Association is a result of this. In 1924 there were 294 farms in the Area growing potatoes. The average farm was 100 acres; the largest being 1046 acres and the smallest 100 acres. Hastings was known as "The Potatoe Capitol of the World".


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Kindness matters – if a child wants to be happy and popular, researchers say.
Preteens assigned to do three acts of kindness a week found they were better liked than kids who were assigned to visit three places of their choice a week, the researchers from UC Riverside and the University of British Columbia wrote Wednesday in the journal PLoS One.
"Increasing peer acceptance is a critical goal, as it is related to a variety of important academic and social outcomes, including reduced likelihood of being bullied," the researchers wrote.
They say it's the first study to link performance of a simple helping behavior to an increase in popularity. Previous studies have shown that there's a link between happy people and popular people, and that happy people are more likely to do helpful or kind things.
The researchers divided 19 classrooms of children ages 9 to 11 in Vancouver into two groups: one assigned to kind acts, one to visit places for four weeks. The children then answered surveys about their weeks. Kind acts included "vacuumed the floor" and "gave my mom a hug when she was stressed by her job." Visits included the shopping center and "baseball diamond."
Both groups showed increases in positive effect and satisfaction. But the kind acts group increased "significantly more than those who visited places" in the measure of popularity, gaining an average of 1.5 friends.
_USER_ on Twitter


Top 14 Application Support Interview Questions and Answers (2021)
1) What is Application Support?
Application Support is an IT service which is delivered to users within an organization. It enables the IT processes needed to run a successful business.
2) Why do you want to do this application support analyst job?
I like human interaction and the satisfaction that comes from helping someone solve a problem. This inspired me to start my career as application support executive.
3) Why do you want to work for our organization?
I have good enough knowledge to live up to the high demands and need for your organization. I have XYZ years of experience in system modifications and customization.
4) How do you troubleshoot a crashing application?
Crash is one of the common scenarios of application failure. It is caused by an unhandled exception generated in the application. There are two types of information which are widely used to resolve application crash:
 1. Unhandled exception type which is also called exception code and error message.
 2. The full stack trace for the unhandled exception.
5) What are the important qualities of this job?
 - Technical knowledge
 - Investigation and diagnostic skills
 - Knowledge of supporting tools
6) What challenges do applications support professionals need to face?
Frustrated customers who use abusive language. At such times its important to remain calm and show empathy towards the customer.
7) What is the one thing that you need to concentrate on when performing your work duties as an application support analyst?
I believe that data integrity is the area where I should focus the most as solid and accurate data makes application systems healthy.
8) Have you done automation on your system monitoring tasks?
I had developed Log monitoring system's scripts to keep track of exceptions. I am also using tool that notifies the stakeholders if any exceptional happen within the system.
9) Describe the role of Application support executive.
I was supporting a Trading platform in my previous job. Here is what I did-
 - Supporting various trading applications and platforms
 - Solving issues related to data feeds and profit & loss breaks
 - Attend urgent and instant requests by various users in a vibrant and demanding environment.
 - Advanced use of EXCEL formulae and Visual Basic.
 - Research, troubleshoot and respond to client questions. It should cover every aspect of various software applications.
 - Regular document research and perform actions based on that research.
 - Perform QA testing and provide feedback about to superior management.
10) What are essential technical expertise for this job?
Support analyst needs to show IT skill around applications and systems. Some most sought technical skills for this job are databases and SQL, and operating system platforms such as UNIX, Solaris, and Windows.
11) What kind of Tools you know which is needed for this job?
Application Support Analysts use a variety of skills in their daily work.
 - IT management software
 - Complex computer systems
 - Telecommunications systems
 - Photocopier machine and printers
12) Are you ready to work any time of the day?
As application support executive, I know that I am aware of the fact that I should be ready to work any shift.
13) What are resources you are using for continuous adaptation of your skills?
I am mostly referring blogs like New Relic Blog, I also read books like A+ Guide to IT Technical Support, Web Application Security, and A Beginner's Guide to SQL, etc.
14) What personal characteristics define you as a right candidate for application support executive job?
A combination of technological expertise and communication skills makes me a right candidate for this job.
 1. Avatar ANITA NITIN JETHWANI says:
 Good Question Answer
 1. Very informative article and helpful for an interview
 2. Avatar Anshika Choudhary says:
 Very helpful Q/A
 3. Avatar prakash mahto says:
 please send more question and answer for 3 to 4 year experience in Application support engineer profile.
 4. Very Nice. Simply and covers many things easily
 5. Avatar P Damodar says:
 Very helpful artical
 6. Avatar Iheanyi Okoronkwo says:
 Helpful and concise.
Leave a Reply to Anshika Choudhary Cancel reply


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Command: echo (command.com command)
ECHO displays messages, or turns command-echoing on or off.
There also exists a CONFIG.SYS / FDCONFIG.SYS ECHO command.
ECHO is a BATCH-FILE / AUTOEXEC.BAT command.
It can also be used in command line.
ECHO [ON | OFF]
ON ECHO mode is activated. If you use ECHO within a batch
file, each command line is shown when it is executed.
OFF ECHO mode is deactivated. If you use ECHO within a batch
file, the command line is not shown when it is executed.
This does not affect the output of the command itself.
message The message you want to print on the screen.
Commands can also be suppressed by beginning them with the @ symbol.
Type ECHO without parameters to display the current ECHO setting.
ECHO can also be used outside a batch file.
ECHO is a command internal to command.com and needs no other file
in order to work. There also exists a CONFIG.SYS / FDCONFIG.SYS
ECHO command with different options.
IN A.BAT FILE / AUTOEXEC.BAT:
ECHO. how are you?
_USER_. Nice to hear this
echo (config.sys command)
Please read this command's lsm file also.
You will find the updated version (internet) here and
the version described in this manual page here.
The lsm file contains information about the name of the programmer,
the download site, and some other command related information.
Copyright © 2003 Robert Platt, updated 2007 by W. Spiegl.
This file is derived from the FreeDOS Spec Command HOWTO.
See the file H2Cpying for copying conditions.


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Using this item and referring to it is encouraged, and please use it in presentations, web pages, newspapers, blogs and reports.
For any form of publication, please include the link to this page and give the creator credit (in this case Peter Prokosch)
African Penguin (Spheniscus demersus), Tourist attraction at Boulders Beach, South Africa
The African Penguin (the only penguin species breeding in Africa) is one of the species to which the Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds (AEWA) applies. The African Penguin is listed in the Red Data Book as an endangered species. While million of penguins existed at the beginning of the last century, the total population fell to 200 000 in the year 2000; ten years later, in 2010, the number was estimated to be only at 55000 (about 21 000 pairs estimated in South Africa). The majority breeds on islands. Two colonies were established by penguins in the 1980s on the mainland near Cape Town, namely Boulders Beach near Simon's Town and Stony Point in Betty's Bay. Mainland colonies probably only became possible in recent times due to relative absence of predators in human occupied garden and beach sites. At Boulders Beach they are a major attraction for tourists, which pay for their protection through the management of the National Park Service (an example of "Linking Tourism and Conservation).


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Random Vibration Testing
By causing loosening of parts or relative motion between parts in the specimen, vibration can produce objectionable operating characteristics, noise, wear, and physical distortion, and often results in fatigue and failure of mechanical parts.
IC random vibration testing determines the effects on component parts of vibration within the predominant frequency ranges and magnitudes that may be encountered during field service and/or transportation. Most vibrations encountered in field service and/or transportation are not of a simple harmonic nature; tests based on vibrations of this type have proved satisfactory for determining critical frequencies, modes of vibration, and other data necessary for planning protective steps against the effects of undue vibration.
Random Vibration is characteristic of modern field environments such as commercial transportation, those produced by missiles, high-thrust jets, and rocket engines. In these types of environments, the random vibration test provides a more realistic test as it simulates vibration amplitudes which may vary randomly, periodically, or both. SCL is an IC vibration testing laboratory that has years of technical experience in with IC random vibration testing.
Test Specifications / Standards
- MIL-STD-883, Method 2026, Cond1 (A thru K), Cond 2 (A thru J)
- MIL-STD-202, Method 214, Cond 1 (A thru J), Cond 1 (A thru J), Cond 2 (A thru J)


Safe.Smart.Simple. Touchless Express Condiment Dispensers - Order Today
Server Products Commerical Food Service Equipment
What do those Certifications Mean?
What do those certifications mean?
Certifications Defined
You've probably seen the NSF and UL labels while shopping for restaurant equipment (and many other products) before. And you probably already have an idea that they represent information about sanitation and safety. But many people, especially those who are new to the industry, may not realize the importance of these small icons on a product. Armed with knowledge about the meanings of these symbols, business owners can make an educated decision about products that will greatly impact their business.
NSF Certification
NSF International (formerly known as the National Sanitation Foundation) is an independent organization that certifies foodservice equipment and ensures it is designed and constructed in a way that promotes food safety. NSF-approved equipment is designed to follow health department rules and helps operators improve inspection scoring.
NSF Food Equipment Certification is a product level certification that addresses the acceptable sanitation requirements for equipment and materials intended for commercial foodservice. NSF Certification is not a one-time activity. The certification programs require regular on-site inspections of the manufacturing facilities and periodic re-testing, as required by policies.
NSF Certified Rethermalizer
This is an additional level of testing done by NSF that is indicated on our product descriptions with our own icon. It applies to our food warmers that pass the NSF test for rethermalization, which is to ensure food is quickly heated to a safe temperature before bacteria has an opportunity to grow. If you're wondering about the symbol itself, it was home grown by our marketing department; there is no "official icon" set by NSF.
cULus Listed Certification |
The UL Listing mark is one of the most common UL marks. If a product carries this mark, it means UL found that representative product samples met UL's safety requirements. These requirements are primarily based on UL's own published standards for safety. This type of mark is seen commonly on appliances and computer equipment, furnaces and heaters, fuses, electrical panel boards, smoke and carbon monoxide alarms, fire extinguishers and sprinkler systems, personal flotation devices, bullet resistant glass, and thousands of other products.
There are three variations of UL's Listing mark: one used only in the United States, one used only in Canada and one for both the United States and Canada. The C-UL mark is applied to products for the Canadian market. The products with this type of mark have been evaluated to Canadian safety requirements, which may be somewhat different from U.S. safety requirements. The optional C-UL-US mark indicates compliance with both Canadian and U.S. requirements. UL encourages those manufacturers with products certified for both countries to use this combined mark, but they may continue using separate UL marks for the United States and Canada.
CE Certification |
The CE symbol placed on a product means that the manufacturer or person placing the product on the market or putting it into service claims that the unit meets all essential requirements of the relevant European Directive within the European Economic Area.


Understanding the Emerald Tablet
Emerald Tablet coverThe Emerald Tablet, or Tabula Smaragdina,1 is a pivotal and important piece of Hermetica whose influence is still felt today. Many modern esotericists and occultists still look to the Emerald Tablet for inspiration and meaning. This can be frustrating, for though the tablet is brief, it is confusing and cryptic.
Where Did It Come From?
The Emerald Tablet is pretty old. It dates back to at least the 8th century C.E., when it was attested in the writings of Balinus. The tablet was first translated into Latin by the 12th century, so it was probably the earliest Hermetic text available to the Western world.2 Interestingly, though we can't say for sure that the entire Emerald Tablet existed before the 8th century, there seems to be a passage quoting it in the Gospel of Philip from the Nag Hammadi library.3
[The Lord] said, "I came to make the things below like the things above, and the things outside like those inside. I came to unite them in one place."4
Hermes_Woodcut_onlyThe tablet claims to be a message from Hermes Trismegistus. It even claims to be a summation of all of his wisdom, containing "the three parts of the philosophy of the whole world."
What Does it Say?
Below is Isaac Newton's translation of the Emerald Tablet from around 1680.
 1. Tis true without error, certain & most true.
 10. & thereby all obscurity shall fly from you.
 12. So was the world created.
What Does It Mean?
Well, that's the big question, isn't it? The Emerald Tablet's message is cryptic, and has inspired analysis and commentary from dozens of intelligent thinkers over the centuries. Many of these writers have names which might be familiar to you: Roger Bacon, Aleister Crowley, and Isaac Newton are just a few of them. It is believed that the tablet holds secrets about the creation of the Philosopher's Stone, and because of this has become one of the core texts in Western alchemy.
Perhaps the most important line in the Emerald Tablet is the one which contains the Hermetic Axiom. In Newton's words, "That which is below is like that which is above & that which is above is like that which is below to do the miracles of one only thing." This is typically shortened to "As above, so below." This brief statement describes the correspondence between the microcosm and the macrocosm, an idea that has resonated throughout Western esoteric traditions for a very long time.5
Learning More
As a mystical text, the best way to really learn more about the Emerald Tablet is to read different translations and contemplate them. What do the differences in translation say about the original meaning? Figure out if one translation speaks to you better than the others. Write your own commentary by dissecting each line of the text and figuring out what the richly symbolic language seems to be saying.
Finally, share your interpretation with others. The Emerald Tablet's true meaning continues to elude scholars, mystics, and alchemists everywhere. It could be that the meaning it conveys to each person is important in a deeply personal and spiritual way.
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 1. Does anybody else feel like "smaragdina" is a really unpleasant-looking word for a very beautiful substance?
 2. Ebeling, Florian. The Secret History of Hermes Trismegistus: Hermeticism From Ancient to Modern Times. Cornell University Press, 2007. 49-51. Balinus was also later known as pseudo-Apollonius of Tyana.
 3. Churton, Tobias. The Golden Builders: Alchemists, Rosicrucians, and the First Freemasons. Boston, MA: Weiser Books, 2005. 20, 71-2.
 4. Gospel of Philip, 67:30-35. (Robinson, James M., ed. The Nag Hammadi Library in English. San Francisco: Harper, 1990.) I've cleaned up the text so it's easier to read.
 5. Churton. 20-1.
The best recent commentary on the Emerald Tablet is that of Martin Faulks: The Emerald Tablet – A Commentary on the Path of the True Adept. I was so impressed by it that I sent copies to several friends and teachers.
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1Kent C. Condie, 2Charles K. Shearer
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (in Press) Link to Article [_URL_
1Department of Earth and Environmental Science, New Mexico Tech, Socorro, NM 87801, USA
2Institute of Meteoritics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
The distribution of high field strength incompatible element ratios Zr/Nb, Nb/Th, Th/Yb and Nb/Yb in terrestrial oceanic basalts prior to 2.7 Ga suggests the absence or near-absence of an enriched mantle reservoir. Instead, most oceanic basalts reflect a variably depleted mantle source similar in composition to primitive mantle. In contrast, basalts from hydrated mantle sources (like those associated with subduction) exist from 4 Ga onwards. The gradual appearance of enriched mantle between 2 and 3 Ga may reflect the onset and propagation of plate tectonics around the globe. Prior to 3 Ga, Earth may have been in a stagnant-lid regime with most basaltic magmas coming from a rather uniform, variably depleted mantle source or from a non-subduction hydrated mantle source. It was not until the extraction of continental crust and accompanying propagation of plate tectonics that "modern type" enriched and depleted mantle reservoirs developed. Consistent with the absence of plate tectonics on the Moon is the near absence of basalts derived from depleted (DM) and enriched (EM) mantle reservoirs as defined by the four incompatible element ratios of this study. An exception are Apollo 17 basalts, which may come from a mixed source with a composition similar to primitive mantle as one end member and a high-Nb component as the other end member. With exception of Th, which requires selective enrichment in at least parts of the martian mantle, most martian meteorites can be derived from sources similar to terrestrial primitive mantle or by mixing of enriched and depleted mantle end members produced during magma ocean crystallization. Earth, Mars and the Moon exhibit three very different planetary evolution paths. The mantle source regions for Mars and the Moon are ancient and have HFS element signatures of magma ocean crystallization well-preserved, and differences in these signatures reflect magma ocean crystallization under two distinct pressure regimes. In contrast, plate tectonics on Earth has destroyed most or all of the magma ocean crystallization geochemical record, or less likely, the terrestrial magma ocean may not have been strongly fractionated during crystallization. The rather uniform incompatible element ratio record in pre-2 Ga oceanic terrestrial basalts requires vigorous mixing of most of the mantle between magma ocean crystallization and about 4 Ga, the onset of the preserved greenstone record.


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Q1. What is a Notice of Lien?
A1. A Notice of Lien is filed to create a public record of a claim against property. The claim arises from a service that was provided, a security interest, or a court order. A hospital lien is a type of Notice of Lien.
Q2. What is a hospital lien?
A2. A hospital lien is a lien filed by a hospital for all reasonable and necessary charges for care. Hospital liens are connected to the care of a person who was injured by the negligent or wrongful acts of another person.
Q3. Can I file a hospital lien?
A3. Only a hospital or an authorized representative can file a hospital lien.
Q4. How do I file a hospital lien?
A4. To file a hospital lien:
See the filing instructions.
Q5. Who are the claimants and owners on hospital liens?
A5. The hospital is the claimant. The injured person is the owner.
Q6. When does a hospital lien expire?
A6. A hospital lien is effective until the hospital files a termination.
Q7. Can I terminate a hospital lien?
A7. Only a hospital or an authorized representative can terminate a hospital lien.
Q8. My hospital lien was terminated. Why does it still appear to be effective?
A8. Before May 29, 2012, amendments to hospital liens were recorded as new liens. To fully terminate a hospital lien that had been amended, both the original lien and the amendment had to be terminated. If a lien appears in our system that you believe should have been terminated, you may be able to find the termination if you search by debtor name and enter the name of the person the lien was filed against.


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Introduction: Why do you want to find out if someone is on dating apps?
Nowadays, dating apps are really popular. People may want to know if someone they like is on one of these apps. Reasons could be curiosity, distrust, or to check their honesty.
Doing so would give an idea of their online activities. Many people use dating apps to meet others, as well as other social media. So, knowing if someone is on a dating app can help you to understand them better and prevent any deception.
Plus, finding out if they use a dating app before getting too involved could help set expectations and boundaries. For example, if you're looking for something serious but they just want to casually date, it's important to know this early.
In addition, discovering if someone is on dating apps can also be for safety. It's important to make sure your partner is honest, respectful, and meets your standards. Checking if someone is on a dating app can verify their identity and protect you from any harm.
All in all, dating apps are now widespread. Knowing if someone is on them can give useful info about their online presence, set expectations, and ensure safety.
Using People Search Engines:
Individuals who want to find out if someone is using dating apps can use People Search Engines. These are online tools that can provide info about a person. They can search through large amounts of data and extract the relevant info to find a person's social media presence.
Using People Search Engines involves some steps. Firstly, enter the person's name and other details like age, gender, location. Secondly, the engine processes this info and looks through different websites for relevant data. Thirdly, it provides a report with the person's social media profiles, including dating apps. Fourthly, users can pay for more detailed info if needed. Fifthly, people search engines require some personal info before the search can start. Finally, read the terms and conditions before committing to using people search engines.
People Search Engines can be useful, but not all info is accurate or up-to-date. Also, some search engines may require personal info, which can lead to identity theft or online harm. So, approach People Search Engines with caution and consider alternative methods.
According to Women's Health Mag, some of the best People Search Engines are Pipl, Intelius, and Spokeo. They have been reviewed positively for their effectiveness and accuracy when finding information using people search engines.
Other Methods to Verify Dating Profiles:
Verifying dating profiles is important. Here are some great ways:
- Reverse image search: Google reverse image search or similar tools can help. Upload the profile picture to search for matches on various dating websites. This can detect fake identities and cheating.
- Check social media: Many link their dating accounts to their social media. Check Facebook, Instagram, or LinkedIn for confirmation of identity, employment, and location.
- Background check service: Hire a background check service to verify criminal record, address, and other public records.
- Request video/phone call: Make sure the person's appearance and voice match their profile. Ask for a video chat or phone call.
- Check for inconsistencies: Be aware of any inconsistencies in profile info such as location, occupation, or hobbies. Inconsistencies may indicate dishonesty.
Prioritize safety and well-being when it comes to online dating. Follow your instincts and use common sense when communicating with strangers.
Conclusion: Final Thoughts on Finding Out If Someone Is On Dating Apps.
Figuring out if a person has a dating app is easier with tech. Special tools like social media search engines can uncover a dating app profile. You need to search hard, including their emails, usernames and personal info. First, decide which app platform they use.
Another way is by searching directories and review websites. Asking friends or people with dating app experience can also help.
To sum it up, you can tell if someone's using a dating app with many tools and techniques. But remember, respect their privacy. Everyone has the right to their own life and relationships.
FAQs about How To Find Out If Someone Is On Dating Apps?
How can I find out if someone is registered on dating sites?
There are several ways to find out if someone is registered on dating sites. One of the most straightforward methods is using a people search engine like TruthFinder or BeenVerified. These tools can help you uncover someone's digital footprints, including social media accounts, dating profiles, and more.
Can I use a dating profile finder to trace someone's dating profiles with limited information?
Yes, you can. People search engines like BeenVerified have advanced search algorithms that can help you find someone's dating profiles with just a name, phone number, or email address. Within a few minutes, you can get a complete report that includes the person's contact information, social media profiles, criminal records, and more.
How does Social Catfish help me verify someone's online identity?
Social Catfish is a specialized website that uses advanced search algorithms and an extensive database to provide insights into potential fake or duplicate profiles. By examining a person's name, email, phone number, or social media profiles, Social Catfish can help you verify their online identity and uncover hidden dating profiles.
What is the most effective way to find someone's social and dating profiles?
Using a people search engine like TruthFinder or BeenVerified is the most straightforward way to find someone's social and dating profiles. These tools can pull up information from various sources, including social media accounts, dating profiles, known associates, and other pertinent details associated with the name provided.
Can I use a dating profile finder to trace someone's dating profiles on apps like Tinder or Bumble?
Yes, you can use tools like BeenVerified or TruthFinder to find someone's dating profiles on apps like Tinder or Bumble. These people search engines can help you uncover digital footprints associated with the person's name, email, phone number, or even image.
What kind of information do I need to provide to use a dating profile finder?
To use a people search engine like BeenVerified or TruthFinder, you need to provide some basic information about the person, such as their name, email, phone number, or username. Some tools may also allow you to start a search using an image.