Leveraging Textual Analyst Sentiment for Investment
Conference paper
Part of the Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing book series (LNBIP, volume 401)
We document that the sentiment conveyed in texts of reports written by financial analysts is informative about both contemporaneous and future stock prices. By setting up a portfolio trading strategy exploiting textual sentiment in analyst reports, we show that it is possible to generate average monthly factor-adjusted returns of 0.7%. In this context, we find that the past price target forecasting abilities of brokerage firms have a positive effect on the predictability of returns using sentiment portfolio strategies. Overall, our results demonstrate that analysts provide valuable information for interpreting and predicting stock price movements in their textual reports. In contrast to existing research that utilizes quantitative analyst information or analyzes textual analyst data with a focus on event studies, we stand out by conducting an analysis at the calendar-year level to leverage on qualitative analyst report content. Most importantly, our results demonstrate that the financial sector still offers untapped potential for the inclusion of qualitative information that can be relevant for both research and practice.
Financial analysts Textual analysis Portfolio strategy
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Copyright information
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Authors and Affiliations
 1. 1.University of GoettingenGoettingenGermany
 2. 2.Goethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
Personalised recommendations


Compute the orthogonal projection of the data onto the subspace spanned by columns of $\boldsymbol U$.
In [ ]:
### PCA for high-dimensional datasets
def PCA_high_dim(X, n_components):
 """Compute PCA for small sample size but high-dimensional features.
 X: ndarray of size (N, D), where D is the dimension of the sample,
 and N is the number of samples
 num_components: the number of principal components to use.
 X_reconstruct: (N, D) ndarray. the reconstruction
 of X from the first 'num_components' pricipal components.
Given the same dataset, PCA_high_dim and PCA should give the same output. Assuming we have implemented PCA, correctly, we can then use PCA to test the correctness of PCA_high_dim. Given the same dataset, PCA and PCA_high_dim should give identical results.
We can use this invariant to test our implementation of PCA_high_dim, assuming that we have correctly implemented PCA.
In [ ]:
np.testing.assert_almost_equal(PCA(Xbar, 2), PCA_high_dim(Xbar, 2))
Now let's compare the running time between PCA and PCA_high_dim.
Tips for running benchmarks or computationally expensive code:
When you have some computation that takes up a non-negligible amount of time. Try separating the code that produces output from the code that analyzes the result (e.g. plot the results, compute statistics of the results). In this way, you don't have to recompute when you want to produce more analysis.
The next cell includes a function that records the time taken for executing a function f by repeating it for repeat number of times. You do not need to modify the function but you can use it to compare the running time for functions which you are interested in knowing the running time.
In [ ]:
def time(f, repeat=10):
 times = []
 for _ in range(repeat):
 start = timeit.default_timer()
 stop = timeit.default_timer()
 return np.mean(times), np.std(times)
We first benchmark the time taken to compute $\boldsymbol X^T\boldsymbol X$ and $\boldsymbol X\boldsymbol X^T$. Jupyter's magic command %time is quite handy.
The next cell finds the running time for computing $\boldsymbol X^T\boldsymbol X$ and $\boldsymbol X\boldsymbol X^T$ for different dimensions of $\boldsymbol X$.
In [ ]:
times_mm0 = []
times_mm1 = []
# iterate over datasets of different size
for datasetsize in np.arange(4, 784, step=20):
 XX = Xbar[:datasetsize] # select the first 'datasetsize' samples in the dataset
 # record the running time for computing X.T @ X
 mu, sigma = time(lambda : XX.T @ XX)
 times_mm0.append((datasetsize, mu, sigma))
 # record the running time for computing X @ X.T
 mu, sigma = time(lambda : XX @ XX.T)
 times_mm1.append((datasetsize, mu, sigma))
times_mm0 = np.asarray(times_mm0)
times_mm1 = np.asarray(times_mm1)
Having recorded the running time for computing X @ X.T and X @ X.T, we can plot them.
In [ ]:
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.set(xlabel='size of dataset', ylabel='running time')
bar = ax.errorbar(times_mm0[:, 0], times_mm0[:, 1], times_mm0[:, 2], label="$X^T X$ (PCA)", linewidth=2)
ax.errorbar(times_mm1[:, 0], times_mm1[:, 1], times_mm1[:, 2], label="$X X^T$ (PCA_high_dim)", linewidth=2)
Alternatively, use the time magic command for benchmarking functions.
In [ ]:
%time Xbar.T @ Xbar
%time Xbar @ Xbar.T
pass # Put this here so that our output does not show result of computing 'Xbar @ Xbar.T'
Next we benchmark PCA, PCA_high_dim.
In [ ]:
times0 = []
times1 = []
# iterate over datasets of different size
for datasetsize in np.arange(4, 784, step=100):
 XX = Xbar[:datasetsize]
 npc = 2
 mu, sigma = time(lambda : PCA(XX, npc), repeat=10)
 times0.append((datasetsize, mu, sigma))
 mu, sigma = time(lambda : PCA_high_dim(XX, npc), repeat=10)
 times1.append((datasetsize, mu, sigma))
times0 = np.asarray(times0)
times1 = np.asarray(times1)
Let's plot the running time. Spend some time and think about what this plot means. We mentioned in lectures that PCA_high_dim are advantageous when we have dataset size $N$ < data dimension $M$. Although our plot does not for the two running time does not intersect exactly at $N = M$, it does show the trend.
In [ ]:
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.set(xlabel='number of datapoints', ylabel='run time')
ax.errorbar(times0[:, 0], times0[:, 1], times0[:, 2], label="PCA", linewidth=2)
ax.errorbar(times1[:, 0], times1[:, 1], times1[:, 2], label="PCA_high_dim", linewidth=2)
Again, with the magic command time.
In [ ]:
%time PCA(Xbar, 2)
%time PCA_high_dim(Xbar, 2)


text:
created 08/26/97; revised 08/12/00, 07/22/03, 07/22/09
This chapter discusses how to multiply a vector by a real number (called scaling), and how this is used to construct unit vectors. Unit vectors are used to show direction in 3D space, and are essential for 3D graphics.
Change the elements of this column matrix: (3, 4)T so that the vector it represents is twice as long and remains pointing in the same direction. (Officially you don't know how to do this. Take a guess.)

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Because DMD is a rare disease, it's likely that your GP will not have had a patient with DMD before. You may need to help them to understand what your child needs.
We recommend that you tell them about the Royal College of General Practitioners' e-learning course on neuromuscular conditions in primary care. It will help them to better understand DMD and care for your child.
If your GP thinks your child may have DMD, they will refer them to a neuromusclar consultant.
If you don't have a neuromuscular consultant, ask your GP to refer you to a neuromuscular clinic that is part of the North Star Network
The Network helps clinics provide the best possible treatments to DMD patients.
Your GP can also help you to access local services for you and your child, including physiotherapy and, if you would like, counselling.
Two important things GPs can help with are:
1. Vaccinations - ask your GP to check that your child's vaccinations are up-to-date. They will need to receive the flu and chickenpox vaccinations, as well as all recommended childhood vaccines. These will protect them from preventable illnesses which would put an extra strain on their body.
2. Regular Breathing test - people with DMD need to have one at least once a year. This is because DMD affects all muscles, including the muscles needed for breathing.


text: ||Person re-identification has received special attention by the human analysis community in the last few years. To address the challenges in this field, many researchers have proposed different strategies, which basically exploit either cross-view invariant features or cross-view robust metrics. In this work, we propose to exploit a post-ranking approach and combine different feature representations through ranking aggregation. Spatial information, which potentially benefits the person matching, is represented using a 2D body model, from which color and texture information are extracted and combined. We also consider background/foreground information, automatically extracted via Deep Decompositional Network, and the usage of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) features. To describe the matching between images we use the polynomial feature map, also taking into account local and global information. The Discriminant Context Information Analysis based post-ranking approach is used to improve initial ranking lists. Finally, the Stuart ranking aggregation method is employed to combine complementary ranking lists obtained from different feature representations. Experimental results demonstrated that we improve the state-of-the-art on VIPeR and PRID450s datasets, achieving 67.21% and 75.64% on top-1 rank recognition rate, respectively, as well as obtaining competitive results on CUHK01 dataset.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


is None:
 del kwargs['c']
 return f(**kwargs)
# g(a=1, b=2, c=None) === '1 2 3'
# g(a=1, b=2) === '1 2 3'
# g(a=1, b=2, c=4) === '1 2 4'
These two functions can be in different packages/modules and the programmer doesn't need to know what default value argument c in f actually have. So by using kwargs in combination with del you can say "I want the default value on c" by setting it to None (or in this case also leave it).
You could do the same thing with something like:
def g(a, b, c=None):
 kwargs = {'a': a,
 'b': b}
 if c is not None:
 kwargs['c'] = c
 return f(**kwargs)
However I find the previous example more DRY and elegant.
share|improve this answer
Using "del" explicitly is also better practice than assigning a variable to None. If you attempt to del a variable that doesn't exist, you'll get a runtime error but if you attempt to set a variable that doesn't exist to None, Python will silently set a new variable to None, leaving the variable you wanted deleted where it was. So del will help you catch your mistakes earlier
share|improve this answer
When is del useful in python?
You can use it to remove a single element of an array instead of the slice syntax x[i:i+1]=[]. This may be useful if for example you are in os.walk and wish to delete an element in the directory. I would not consider a keyword useful for this though, since one could just make a [].remove(index) method (the.remove method is actually search-and-remove-first-instance-of-value).
share|improve this answer
[].pop(index) and [].remove(item). Don't use variable named "index" when talking about value, makes it look confusing. – skyjur May 15 '14 at 10:43
Once I had to use:
del serial
serial = None
because using only:
serial = None
didn't release the serial port fast enough to immediately open it again. From that lesson I learned that del really meant: "GC this NOW! and wait until it's done" and that is really useful in a lot of situations. Of course, you may have a system.gc.del_this_and_wait_balbalbalba(obj).
share|improve this answer
Hmm... That really should not have made a difference. Although, perhaps your issue was fixed by the extra delay it introduced? – Winston Ewert Nov 28 '12 at 22:09
I don't think you can back the GC this now by any documentation. I think relying on GC and calling to __del__() is always wrong in Python (I don't know the reasons for this design, though) and it's better to use context manager API (the with statement). – Pavel Šimerda Sep 21 '14 at 7:31
That's some kind of voodoo programming. See the method description and the note in the documentation for object.__del__() for details, and keep in mind this only describes CPythons current implementation with reference counting. Other Python implementations (PyPy, Jython, IronPython, Brython, …) or future CPython implementations may use a different garbage collection scheme. Jython uses the JVMs GC which doesn't delete objects immediately. The serial module also works with Jython so your hack doesn't work there! – BlackJack Aug 13 at 15:05
BTW gc.collect would be the way to explicitly recycle. Supported in most python implementations. – tdihp Oct 28 at 1:21
del is the equivalent of "unset" in many languages and as a cross reference point moving from another language to python.. people tend to look for commands that do the same thing that they used to do in their first language... also setting a var to "" or none doesn't really remove the var from just empties its value the name of the var itself would still be stored in memory...why?!? in a memory intensive script..keeping trash behind its just a no no and anyways...every language out there has some form of an "unset/delete" var function..why not python?
share|improve this answer
del does not invoke the garbage collector any more quickly than = None, nor will either leave garbage behind in the long run. You might want to bone up on Python's garbage collection. – SilverbackNet Dec 18 '12 at 7:18
Every object in python has an identifier, Type, reference count associated with it, when we use del the reference count is reduced, when the reference count becomes zero it is a potential candidate for getting garbage collected. This differentiates the del when compared to setting an identifier to None. In later case it simply means the object is just left out wild( until we are out of scope in which case the count is reduced) and simply now the identifier point to some other object(memory location).
share|improve this answer
I would like to see proof of this. Assigning None should decrement the reference count. – Jason Baker Jun 14 '13 at 16:43
This is a nonsense and the opposite of garbage collection (in the sense of leaving the garbage lying around). – Pavel Šimerda Sep 21 '14 at 7:34
protected by Aniket Thakur Sep 8 at 6:12
Would you like to answer one of these unanswered questions instead?


text:
T'Vault, William G. (_PHONE_)
William Green T'Vault had a wide-ranging career in early Oregon. A truculent and controversial political figure during the territorial and Civil War periods, T'Vault was a slavery-and-secession advocate who became a prominent, strident voice for the minority of Oregonians who agreed with him.
T'Vault was born in 1806, but his birthplace is uncertain. Some accounts give it as Tennessee, but others report that he was born either during his immigrant parents' voyage from France or soon after their arrival in Charleston, South Carolina. He grew up in Tennessee, where he studied law, married the widow Rhoda Boone Burns (a granddaughter of Daniel Boone), and may have run for local office before immigrating to Oregon in 1845.
The leader of a 300-person wagon party on the Overland Trail, T'Vault was named Oregon's first postmaster-general soon after he reached Oregon City. In 1846, he won election to the provisional legislature and became Oregon's first newspaper editor, overseeing publication of Oregon City's Oregon Spectator until differences with the paper's owners led to his departure.
T'Vault joined several partners in establishing an express mail service through the Rogue River Valley to link the town of Winchester with the mining camp of Yreka, California. He led some of the trips himself. In 1851, he rode with Major Phil Kearney's army detachment heading south to California and took part in Kearney's battle with the Takelma Indians near present-day Shady Cove.
Later that year, T'Vault led an ill-fated attempt to find a route up the rugged Rogue River canyon from the coast, intending to join the California-Oregon trail in the Rogue's main valley. He assumed that the distance between the ocean and the valley could be little more than forty miles, but the group soon found their way blocked by sheer cliffs and steep slopes covered with dense brush. Turning north, they wandered through the upper Coquille River country until the terrain gentled and the river widened. A local Native offered to guide them to the coast by canoe, but within a few miles of the ocean the men were attacked by Coquille Indians and barely escaped with their lives.
The following year, T'Vault led another freight-route exploration from the Umpqua River overland toward Port Orford. He filed a land claim in what would become Jackson County at a narrow rocky place on the Rogue River he named "Dardenelles"; it later came to be called Rock Point.
T'Vault's interest in southern Oregon increased in 1852 when gold strikes were made near Jacksonville. In 1853, he served with Joseph Lane and other volunteers during the brief 1853 Rogue River war.
In 1855, he established Jacksonville's Table Rock Sentinel (changing its name to Oregon Sentinel in 1858), using the newspaper—the first in southern Oregon—to renew his political career and to propose the creation of a Territory of Jackson in southern-most Oregon that would be open to slavery. Praising the U.S. Supreme Court's Dred Scott decision of 1857, he defended the rights of slaveholders to bring their human property to Oregon despite the territorial constitution's prohibition of chattel slavery.
Supported by a considerable number of states-rights Democrats in Jackson County, T'Vault won election to the territorial legislature in 1858; once in Salem, he was chosen as speaker of the house. By 1859, some of T'Vault's opinions echoed those of extremist southern fire-eaters in the East, and he was out of office by 1860. When the South's firing on Fort Sumter brought a temporary alliance between Oregon Republicans and pro-Union Democrats, pro-secessionist figures like T'Vault declined in popularity. He sold the newspaper to a colleague and left for the gold strikes in Idaho as the Civil War got underway.
Returning to Jackson County in 1862, T'Vault trumpeted the idea of an independent, slave-holding Pacific Republic comprised of California, Oregon, and nearby territories. Disgusted to find that Republicans now owned the Sentinel, he termed it the "Scent-in-Hell." In 1863, he founded the Oregon Intelligencer, in which he castigated his opponents as a "black republican, Union, negro-worshipping gang" that blindly followed "their dictator Lincoln."
By the end of the war, with his political star burned out, T'Vault was considered a local aberration, a colorful anachronism. An 1884 History of Southern Oregon recalled that he had "force of character…and a lack of culture…uncompromising in his animosities but fair to his friends." He died in Jacksonville in 1869 of smallpox during the closing days of the town's deadly _PHONE_ epidemic.Written by:Jeff LaLande
Beckham, Stephen Dow. Requiem for a People: The Rogue Indians and the Frontiersmen. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1971.
Haines, Frank, Jr. Jacksonville: Biography of a Gold Camp. 1967. Gandee Printing, Medford.
LaLande, Jeff. "'Dixie of the Northwest': Southern Oregon's Civil War." Oregon Historical Quarterly. 100.2 (Spring 1999).
Walling, A.G. History of Southern Oregon. Portland, Ore.: A. G. Walling Publishing, 1884.


text:
append-only mode where the modified data is appended to the file and the old data becomes garbage. Periodic garbage collection is done to compact the data. Here is how the model is implemented in memory and disks
In Google BigTable model, the data is broken down into multiple generations and the memory is use to hold the newest generation. Any query will search the mem data as well as all the data sets on disks and merge all the return results. Fast detection of whether a generation contains a key can be done by checking a bloom filter.
When update happens, both the mem data and the commit log will be written so that if the machine crashes before the mem data flush to disk, it can be recovered from the commit log.


text:
- Published: 19 October 2008
Everyone has many roles in life – from employee, colleague, and team mate to parent, partner, sibling, and carer; these roles change throughout the lifecycle. The demands of each of these roles vary between people, depending on lifestyle and priorities. They each require time and energy, and since clashes between such demands are not infrequent, they tend to cause stress. Resultant stress is inclined to cause work-life conflict; conversely, work-life balance tends to occur when these two sets of demands are flexible enough to allow time and energy for the other. [1, 2]
Work and life can conflict in many ways. There can be an overload of work in all areas of life by people taking too much on themselves and then lacking the time they require to do it all. This may be inevitable for some. Work can interfere with family life – not being able to spend time with family members, work stress overflowing to family life, or inability to meet family commitments. Family can interfere with work, especially when a family member becomes sick and requires care, or family stresses can overflow to work life. Those who have caregiver responsibilities can develop anxiety as a result of physical, emotional or financial pressures resulting from their caregiving. The imbalances that can occur in work and 'life' responsibilities have direct impact on "social and economic status, participation in public life, health and emotional wellbeing". These occur for both men and women. Women tend to work less either by taking years off work, retiring early or working part-time, which not only decreases the amount they earn in their working life but also decreases their levels of superannuation. Men have difficulties in childcare with lacking 'fatherfriendly' spaces, and in meeting family responsibilities due to lacking support at work. [1, 2]
Work-life balance is not solely about childcare and working women. With generational changes there is increasing importance of 'elder-care', and caring responsibilities are taken on by men as well as women. Nevertheless, the burden of 'unpaid work' remains largely carried by women, despite increases in paid work over the last decades, leading to work overload. This appears partially due to the lack of access men have in the work place to flexible working conditions. Work overload appears to be worse with higher levels of female education, and it is found that women who work spend as much time in active play and learning with their children as non-working women. With regards to family support of career, it is found that men with demanding careers often have female partners doing less paid work to do more at home, allowing their partner the time they require for work commitments. This tends not to work in the reverse, when the female partner has a more demanding career it appears that a more equal share of family responsibilities occurs. Societal attitudes tend to still see unpaid work roles as 'women's work', specifically the caring for children, disabled and elderly, as well as household chores – with parenthood noted to increase women's workload significantly more than men's. There is also an emerging "sandwich generation" – women in their thirties and forties who have to cope with demands of caring for their children as well as parents, and sometimes grandparents or alternatively grandchildren, in addition to 'normal' demands from home and work. Women tend not to alter time spent in caring or working when they have work overload, but spend less time on their own leisure, personal care and sleep. [1-7]
Work-life conflicts are pre-empted, which leads to some people choosing to limit the size of their families as well as delaying the start of their family. These are mostly impacted on by the woman's career. It also results in more absent days from work and lower job satisfaction. Since these pressures are felt more by women, this is one of the reasons that there is still inequality in both employment and occupation. It has been recognised that unpaid responsibilities need to be more highly valued if there is going to be real work-life balance at a societal level. [2, 5]
The above-mentioned findings are found in the medical profession. There are increasing demands for flexible working conditions by both genders and at both ends of the working life. Access to flexible working hours is one of the most important factors junior doctors state when choosing career paths. The effect on the training years needing to change has also been influenced by the introduction of graduate medical schools, resulting in a substantial proportion of junior medical doctors being in their late twenties or early thirties when they graduate, a time of life where family commitment is imminent, if not already present. At the other end of the working life spectrum, many doctors desire time off for leisure or other responsibilities after having committed their earlier years completely to their career.
There are many factors that influence the way we distribute our time between our work and family responsibilities. Often they are not ones we have the ability to change ourselves. It needs a whole of society approach to change work environments and impact societal demands in order for a true work-life balance to be attainable for all, equally.
1. Duxbury, L and Higgins, C (2008). Executive Summary to the report: 'Work-life balance in Australia in the New Millennium: rhetoric versus reality'. Beaton Consulting Pty Ltd.
2. Squire, S and Tilly, J (2007). It's About Time: Women, men, work and family; Final paper, 2007. K O'Connell. Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission.
3. Broderick, E, Time to adjust the work-life balance, The Australian. 2008. p. 31.
4. Broderick, E, Women's business is everybody's business, Sydney Morning Herald. 2007: Sydney.
5. Craig, L, Submission to the Commonwealth Parliamentary Inquiry into Balancing Work and Family.Office for Women, 2005
6. von Doussa, J (QC). It's About Time: Women, men, work and family. 2007 (9 March). [cited 22 August 2008]; Available from: _URL_
7. Baxter, J and Western, M. Satisfaction with Housework: Explaining the Paradox. in The Australian Family Research Conference. 1996. Brisbane, 27-29 November.22 August, 2008. Available from: _URL_
8. Australian Medical Association, Submission to: Striking the Balance: Women, men, work and family, Discussion Paper 2005. 2005.


Example 1: La trahison des images also known as The Treachery of Images by René Magritte.
Ceci n'est pas une pipe. Translation: This is not a pipe.
Example 2: Liar's Paradox
This sentence is false.
I am lying.
Everything I say is false.
Every person is a liar.
If this sentence is true, then the sentence is false, but if the sentence is false, then it must be true…
Example 3: *Zeno's Paradox
The idea that motion is but an illusion. As Aristotle put it, locomotion must arrive at the halfway stage before it arrives at the goal. Eventually, you are stuck in an infinite loop.
*Thank you, Martin Grandjean, for the image.
Other examples: Russell's Paradox, Paradox of Court, The Crocodile Dilemma and a list of others.
The bottom line: There are things in our world that are totally true but cannot be proven. Sometimes we are stuck on difficult problems. Problems that are infinite in length. Instead of being caught in a loop, humans have a special ability to jump out of the system to ask why, to think about contradictions. Mechanical thinking is great for improving yields, crunching big data. Meta-thinking, the idea of thinking about thinking, helps us understand our place in the world, meaning and ultimately why we do the things we do.


text:
are many monitoring programs that
are responsible for assessing environmental quality throughout the Sanctuary
and its watersheds. Many of these programs monitor toxic pollutant concentrations
in water, sediment, and animal tissue. Although significant effort goes
toward monitoring and assessment, few of these programs are integrated
to provide a regional view of water quality.
ability to monitor water quality conditions comprehensively and accurately
over time, and to use the data to make effective management decisions
is a priority of the WQPP. The WQPP began its efforts to integrate monitoring
programs and their reporting by working with key government agencies like
the State Regional Water Quality Control Boards. Through the coordinated
efforts of agency members of the WQPP and various public and private groups,
the second in a series of action plans was developed to address the need
for an integrated, comprehensive regional monitoring and reporting program.
The WQPP's Action Plan II defines priority strategies for addressing monitoring
and data sharing issues in the Sanctuary region. The EPA and NOAA assisted
with the initial background work by jointly funding a detailed review
of over 20 existing government monitoring programs in the region.
In 2006, funding from the Resources Legacy Fund Foundation and the US EPA enabled us to hire a Water Quality Analyst to implement the Central Coast Water Quality Data Synthesis Assessment and Management (SAM) Project. This program addresses many of the strategies outlined in the Regional Monitoring Action Plan. The SAM Project facilitates region-wide water quality monitoring coordination, data management, and data analysis for addressing fundamental questions surrounding non-point source (NPS) pollution in the region through technical and scientific activities. Key goals of the project include enhancement of the regional water quality monitoring network and improving access to information for managing coastal watersheds and nearshore marine systems.
of Strategies in Action Plan II:
strategy was designed to coordinate and build upon existing federal, state
and local monitoring activities within the Sanctuary and its watersheds.
The goal of the strategy has been to provide comprehensive information
regarding existing water quality condition, long-term trends, and the
success of pollution management efforts. Filling the needs of the region
requires both enhanced monitoring and improved coordination. This coordination
is being undertaken on both government monitoring programs, which are
working to develop a statewide monitoring program for ocean waters and
coastal watersheds, and through support of citizen monitoring groups.
This latter effort has resulted in the formation of the Monterey
Bay Sanctuary Citizen Watershed Monitoring Network, a network of volunteer
monitoring groups which actively monitor in the watersheds that drain
to the Sanctuary.
This strategy will provide local, state and federal agencies with easy
access to existing database systems containing water quality and related
information. The goal of this strategy is to provide resource managers
with readily understandable information they need to evaluate environmental
problems and make effective management decisions.
Interagency coordination will establish a framework for the continuous
interagency coordination on water quality issues and watershed management,
including funding priorities, education, technical assistance, monitoring
and data exchange, permit review, and enforcement. A Water Quality Coordinating
Council would be established to ensure implementation of WQPP strategies
as needed, and address new problems as they arise.


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Best Way to Fix Exchange Jet Error 1018
Introduction: – Exchange Server is the mail and calendaring server developed by Microsoft to meet the internal communication need of small and medium scale organizations. It runs on the top Windows Server and follows the client-server architecture. In this article, I am going to tell about the way by which you can easily Fix 1018 jet_errreadverifyfailure error in Exchange Server. What are the reasons behind the Exchange Jet Error 1018? The manual as well automated way to solve and Fix Exchange Jet Error 1018.
Technical Overview on Exchange Jet Error 1018
The Exchange 1018 generally occurs when there is page-level corruption in Exchange EDB database file. The Page level corruption comes in Exchange database when the database is written to the disk, the checksum value of the page is calculated using the Mathematical formula and get stored in the header part of the Page. When we want to take backup of the database then checksum value is again calculated and matched with previously calculated value, if there is any redundancy in checksum value then page get corrupted. As a result of which you encountered the Exchange jet 1018 error.
The Possible Reasons for Exchange 1018 jet_errreadverifyfailure error
1. The Checksum Value Mismatch While Data Written to Disk
2. NTFS File System Error
3. Corrupt Data Written Up in the disk
4. At First Instance, Incorrect Checksum Value calculated and read by Exchange Server might be the cause of this error
5. Storing the Checksum Value to other location instead of Exact location required.
Note: – Before Proceeding the given methods please take the backup of Exchange Mailbox Data.
Ways to fix Exchange Jet Error 1018
There are Multiple ways to Exchange Server Jet Error. But I am Going to tell you the best from them which are easy and proficient
1. By Using Exchange Inbuilt Utility
There is inbuilt utility ESEUTIL available in Exchange Management Console to repair corruption issues in Exchange EDB database. The Powershell command to run this utility Eseutil /p. This will remove the damaged pages which cause the checksum error while trying to write data to disk.
2. Offline Defragmentation of Database
When you removes the damaged pages from then white space created automatically. To remove that white spaces we have to defragment the Exchange Mailbox using the Exchange utility Eseutil/d
3. Re-Indexing the B-tree Structure
When the defragmentation of Exchange Mailbox taken place then index of page gets affected and you need to perform the re-indexing of database using this command
c:\programfiles\exchsrvr\bin>isinteg -s server name-fix-test all tests
4. Restoring the data from Online Backup
Restore the data from backup is the best option if you have the recent backup of Exchange Mailbox. This might be the first choice but you have to take care that Backup is in good state and does not have any corruption issues
Summing Up – Exchange Jet Error 1018
However the manual method to fix Exchange 1018 jet_errreadverifyfailure error is available but in most of the case, these manual methods have their limitations and sometimes fails to handle mild corruption issues. In such case, there is an alternative or only solution exists is the use of third party software like Exchange Mailbox Repair Tool. Using this tool the possibility of data loss get nullify and you can effectively repair the corruption issues of Exchange mailbox and Exchange Jet Error 1018
We have discussed most common error of Exchange Jet Error 1018 and possible reasons for this error and how we can Fix 1018 jet_errreadverifyfailure error with the manual and automated solution. For efficient and rapid fix Exchange jet error, you can go with the automated solution like Exchange Mailbox Repair Tool without any hesitation. The tool has a huge collection of advanced features which have the capability to manage and fix exchange jet 1018 error with ease.


The 20-Minute All-Angles Biceps Workout
Supercharge your arm growth by challenging your biceps with new angles and twists.
shirtless asian bodybuilder exercising
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It takes more than basic biceps curls to grow the superheroic arms you might want. And anyone who's ever done a workout full of basic biceps curls and not gotten results knows that.
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Different twisting actions, too, will influence how you're attacking your biceps. Your biceps are also responsible for rotating your inner forearm toward the ceiling, and stimulating that function can create even more biceps tension.
All of this means it's critical to use a variety of curling tactics in your biceps workouts. But no, that doesn't mean you need to spend hours upon hours in the gym to sculpt the arms you've always wanted. Truth is, you can blast your biceps in 20 minutes. You'll do that in this all-dumbbells workout.
How You Can Vary Your Curls
Changing Upper Arm Angle Relative to Torso
young man exercising his biceps in the gym
milan2099Getty Images
Change Where You Pause
One of the great things about training biceps is that if you pause in the middle of a rep, your biceps still has to continue squeezing to hold that position. (That's not true on some exercises, like, say, shoulder presses, where multiple muscles can help you hold a position). It's true on curls though, so mid-rep pauses can be used to build time-under-tension and force you to deliver a strong, continued squeeze on a muscle group.
Change How You Twist
The position of your palm (and forearm) influences how you stimulate the biceps. Turning your palm towards the ceiling, also known as supinating, is a secondary biceps function, and it adds challenge to the curl. But it has to happen at the right time. Wait too long during a biceps curl, and you're not twisting against resistance.
Aim to make this happen when your forearm is parallel to the ground, so that your biceps faces maximum challenge in making that twist happen. This will also build mind-muscle connection and train you to supinate regularly on all your curls.
The Workout
Directions: Do this workout 2 or 3 times per week. You can do this as a standalone biceps workout, or you can tack it onto the end of a full-body or upper body workout. If you do it as a standalone, warm up with 1 minute each of jumping jacks, Superman holds, and Spiderman lunges. Do each exercise in order. Rest 30 seconds between sets, 60 seconds between each exercise.
Exercise 1: Alternating Dumbbell Curl
Follow with 4 sets of classic dumbbell curls. This allows you to go relatively heavy with your curl, a chance to build strength and power and challenge your biceps with resistance. Do 8 to 10 reps per arm each set.
Exercise 2: 3D Biceps Hammer Curl
Do 3 sets of this hammer curl, which stimulates the brachialis, and has you lingering with your forearm parallel to the ground on every rep. Do 8 to 10 reps each set.
Exercise 3: 3-Way Spider Curl Finisher
Finish by changing your upper arm angle relative to torso multiple times with this 3-part spider curl finisher. Do 1 set. Enjoy the burn.
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How To Make Rice Wine Without Yeast
Ingredients you will need:
The minimal amount of ingredients you will be needing are simple and readily available
1. Sticky or muggy rice (2 cups)
2. One wine ball (mold)
Directions for the process:
Step 1
The first thing you need to do is to wash and clean the rice. For this purpose, fill the computing cup with cups of water and wash them thoroughly under the tap water in a sink basin. Wash them until the water runs clear. Prefer to use the muggy water as it generates delicious taste as compared to the plain rice.
Step 2
After you are done cleaning and washing the rice, keep them in boiling water for about an hour. The muggy rice you chose, cooks better after it has been flooded with water. When you are done keeping the rice in water for solid one hour, take them out using a strainer or a filter to get rid of the excess water.
Step 3
Take a steamer and boil 2 cups of water at its base, if do not possess a steamer then it is also okay as you can see use a pan (preferably an average size) to boil water.
Step 4
Give steam to the rice.
Step 5
When you notice that the water is starting to bubble, place the rice at the top section of the steamer and let it thoroughly fog for 25 to 30 minutes. If you are not using a steamer then you can set a strainer full of rice over the boiling hot water in the pan. However, you need to make sure one thing the rice do not feel the boiling, hot water. Place the lid of the pan and let the rice fog for about 25 minutes as explained above.
Step 6
After you done waiting for the steaming of the rice for approx. 25 mins. Remove the lid of the steamer and view the rice. If you still find them a little a crispy or solid, spin them over with the help of heatproof utensil, let the rice vapor a little more, and check every five minutes to see if the process is completed. Remove the rice from warmth when you are done having them steamed properly. Increase the rice on the cooking piece. When the rice has end baking, spoon the rice out on the cooking piece and let them cool properly. Before beginning the fermentation process, it is necessary to cool the properly and disperse the rice to displace the warmth properly among the rice.
Step 7
The fermentation process will take plenty of time so it needs patience but it will be worth the wait. As the rice wine can be decorated in different ways you can choose the one the suits you. You can select the same design and style bowls in which you processed the rice and then swirl it on a dish, you will achieve the for you will desire. In addition to, you can for the balls in various shapes, such as rabbit shape and soft bear toys and lots of different designs and styles.
Step 8
You can be creative and think of other unique and innovative ways to make your food more aesthetically pleasing such using chilies, coriander, cucumber and lots of different things.


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Kubernetes (k8s) is an open-source system for automating deployment, scaling, and containerization of applications. Kubernetes provides a cloud-agnostic container orchestration system and is supported by most major cloud providers. In Amazon Elastic Container Service for Kubernetes (Amazon EKS) training course, you will learn to deploy containerized applications on Kubernetes, and scale those applications to handle dynamic traffic. You also learn how to continuously deploy new application versions in a Kubernetes cluster to provide application updates with no downtime. This course ends with a section on Kubernetes security.
By attending Amazon Elastic Container Service for Kubernetes (Amazon EKS) workshop, attendees will learn to:
- Create and run a Docker container
- Create Amazon EKS clusters
- Install and configure kubectl for Amazon EKS
- Deploy containers to a Kubernetes cluster
- Perform rolling updates and blue/green deployments of application versions
- Autoscale the number of running pods
- Use namespaces and network policies to restrict pod communication
- Basic understanding of AWS core services, EC2 and VPC.
- Knowledge of containers is helpful but not required.
This course is designed for anyone wanting to learn how to deploy containerized workloads on Amazon EKS.


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Sing Old Rose
Sing Old Rose and burn the bellows. "Old Rose" was the title of a song now unknown; thus, Izaak Walton (_PHONE_) says, "Let's sing Old Rose." Burn the bellows is said to be a schoolboy's perversion of burn libellos. At breaking-up time the boys might say, "Let's sing Old Rose [a popular song], and burn our schoolbooks" (libellos). This does not accord with the words of the well-known catch, which evidently means "throw aside all implements of work."
Now we're met like jovial fellows, Let us do as wise men tell us, Sing Old Rose and burn the bellows.
Source: Dictionary of Phrase and Fable, E. Cobham Brewer, 1894


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The Lawton Foundation for Human Rigths
Purpose and Objectives
The foundation was founded in 1997 in Havana, Cuba, as a non-governmental humanitarian and peaceful organization based upon the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The Lawton Foundation for Human Rights promotes the study, defense, and denunciation of human rights violations inside Cuba and wherever the rights and liberties of human beings are disregarded. Its members' main objective is to establish a Cuban state based on the rule of law. The groundwork for their defense of all human rights is based upon the first human right: the right to life, without which all other liberties would be invalidated. Despite the risk to their personal safety, members are fully and actively committed to spreading their ideals inside Cuba. They are censured, mistreated physically and psychologically, and blackmailed. In addition, they are arbitrarily incarcerated by Cuban authorities for defending their principles in the same prison as common criminals.
Declaration of Principles of Dr. Oscar Elias Biscet
1. We demand the unconditional freedom of the people of Cuba under a multiparty system of government democratically elected at all levels and with complete guarantee of freedom of expression for all, including the government's detachment from the country's media.
2. The repeal of the illegitimate communist constitution of 1976 and the establishment of a Sovereign Constitutional Assembly to draw amendments to the Democratic Constitution of 1940, including the absolute adhesion to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of the United Nations and the abolition of the death penalty. These amendments should be ratified by the elected representatives.
3. The establishment of a state based on the rule of law that will guarantee equality to all citizens before the law, without discrimination based on race, sex, ethnic group, or religious beliefs and which will end the system of oppression and apartheid established under the communist regime.
4. The dissolution of all political, propagandistic, and repressive organizations created by the communist regime since January, 1959, with a renewed emphasis on the development of independent civic institutions that will forge democracy for the new society.
5. Unconditional and immediate amnesty for all political prisoners.
6. Free access to Cubans and their children, who live outside the country, to enter and cave the country at will, and enjoy the same citizenship rights as those who live inside the Country.
7. The commitment to fund a first-rate free educational system, without political orientation as well as a basic health system that can be afforded by the poorest ones.
8. The recognition of private property and free enterprise as the main pillars for boosting the country's well-being along with a guarantee to workers of their right to organize independent labor unions that will promote their collective interests.
9. The restructuring of the armed forces and ensuring its strict separation from the economic and political activities and responsibilities of the country.
10. Once democracy has been established, lobby for the lifting of the United States commercial embargo and for the opening to foreign economic aid until Cuba can establish a basis for its economic recovery.


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Biodiverse planting for carbon and biodiversity on Indigenous land
Our paper on Biodiverse planting for carbon and biodiversity on Indigenous land has just been published in PLoS one (get the PDF).
Renwick, A. R., Robinson, C. J., Martin, T. G., May, T., Polglase, P., Possingham, H. P., & Carwardine, J. (2014). Biodiverse Planting for Carbon and Biodiversity on Indigenous Land. PloS one, 9(3), e91281
Climate change has prompted the development of methods to reduce greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Many countries have established emissions trading schemes offering incentives to offset carbon emissions. In addition to carbon storage these schemes have the potential to deliver other environmental benefits such as biodiversity conservation and the provision of other ecosystem services. However, there has been concern that they do not contribute to sustainable development and in particular their lack of provisions to encourage and sustain the involvement and provision of co-benefits to Indigenous communities, and respect of their traditional livelihood and land-uses practices. One carbon trading scheme is the Carbon Farming Initiative (CFI) established by the Australian government to provide opportunities for land managers and local communities to reduce or sequester carbon emissions by altering land management practices. Tree planting is one approved methodology to sequester carbon and, if mixed native trees are planted, has the potential to provide additional ecosystem services as well as added resistance and resilience to disturbances.
Unlike some carbon trading schemes, the CFI legislation contains provisions to provide benefits to biodiversity or Indigenous communities, and many indigenous leaders have shown interest in carbon offset projects, and their associated co-benefits and opportunities they provide including working on country, education, training and increased decision making powers. However, determining the optimum locations for tree planting to ensure more' bang for their buck' is unknown. Anna Renwick, a postdoctoral research fellow at the University of Queensland and CSIRO, along Josie Carwardine and other colleagues at CSIRO and the University of Queensland conducted a spatial analysis of the carbon and biodiversity potential of planting biodiverse native vegetation on Indigenous land across Australia.
Using the conservation planning tool Marxan and an economic scenario reflecting the Australia government's 2011-2012 carbon trading price of AU$23/tonne the cost-effectiveness of areas across Australia for sequestering carbon and restoring each vegetation type up to 30% of its pre-1750 extent was calculated. We then determined the relative priority of the areas within the potentially plantable area for meeting the combined carbon and biodiversity restoration target cost-effectively. Finally we overlaid the map of Indigenous land tenure, composed using data sourced from the official agencies responsible for the registration of various Indigenous land tenures including the National Native Title Tribunal, Conservation and Protected Areas Database, Australian Government Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water Population and Communities, Indigenous Land Corporation, National Land and Water Resources Audit and Geoscience Australia, with maps of carbon sequestration, biodiversity features and the relative priority areas to determine the proportion of carbon and biodiversity goals that can be met on Indigenous land, and the proportion of very high, high, moderate and low priority areas on Indigenous land.
Approximately 92 million hectares of land in Australia has been cleared and has the potential to be replanted with native vegetation sequestering around 710 Mtonne CO2/year over the next 40 years. The amount of this area that will available depends on the profitability for environmental planting which is dependent on the carbon price and other economic, social and practical constraints in the area. Using the 2011-2012 Australian's carbon trading price of AU$23/tonne, 31 Mha of the area is profitable for carbon farming sequestering 294 Mt CO2. Almost a third of this area, 9.7 Mha, is on Indigenous land which would sequester 83 Mt CO2 (28% of the total). If, however, the price of carbon drops to AU$5/tonne, close to the 2013 international markets, the profitable area for carbon farming is reduced severely to only 5Mha and the potential for Indigenous communities to get involved would be greatly limited. Almost 19% of the combined high and very high priority areas for cost-effectively meeting biodiversity goals are on Indigenous lands primarily in southeast Queensland, eastern New South Wales, southwest Victoria, southeast South Australia and southwest Western Australia (see map). There are little carbon and biodiversity benefits from planting on Indigenous land in northern Australia reflecting the low density of forests and historical clearing in this area although other carbon offset schemes in this area may be more appropriate, for example savanna burning. Given that Indigenous land cover 19% of the total biodiversity plantable area, this result indicates that Indigenous lands are approximately as important as the rest of Australia for achieving this combined goal cost-effectively.
This top-down approach provides one perspective of the potential for Indigenous communities to get involved in carbon projects. The next stage is to test these model results in partnership with local Indigenous communities who may require additional information, special training and community engagement skills. Despite the positive potential for the CFI to contribute to biodiversity and provide benefits to Indigenous communities and broader society, the recent change in government in Australia highlights the instability of the policy and political environment surrounding the CFI opening up new risks and uncertainties to carbon farming efforts, including those adopted by Indigenous communities.


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Bringing to life aspects of Victorian times through music, songs and dances, with a combination of performance in costume and pupil participation. This can be adapted for both primary and secondary age pupils.
Songs and dances can highlight topics such as:
- Life and work in the countryside
- The effects of the corn laws
- Music hall entertainment
- Effects of the industrial revolution
- Life on the canals
- New pastimes eg cycling


Download case study
Download case study
Transform your production floor with end-to-end automation
automation for manufacturing, concept design, prototype creation, advanced engineering,
Until recently, factories relied on hardware-defined automation. The model worked but required heavy human interaction and ultimately slowed efficiency. It also lacked the insights of the fully connected automation we can access now.
Today, end-to-end automation uses software to pull data insights from the factory floor – and helps transform your business. And machine learning can help you create more productive end-to-end operations, meet customer needs and free your team to focus on more strategic tasks.
Software-driven insights help the production floor
"When it comes to manufacturing, we incorporate intelligence not just in the hardware, but in the software that makes the hardware work," said Mike Doiron, our vice president of engineering quality excellence. "Software insights in manufacturing are bridging the gap between the digital and the physical in a way that's transformational."
It's easy to see ongoing benefits from pairing software with hardware. Manufacturing software gets smarter while the hardware gets simpler. The result is ongoing, exponential benefit to our customers:
 - More competitive advantage from less time between design and production
 - Increased output due to reduced downtime, speeding production and minimizing errors
 - Meaningful contributions from refreshed and motivated employees
 - Agile relocation based on the ease of testing in one region and then moving to another
factory manager automating robot
The introduction of software in manufacturing is fueling industry 4.0. We are making smarter factories as we redesign the role of humans, hardware and software in manufacturing.
- Hassan Aluraibi, Advanced Manufacturing Engineering Manager, Flex
Why a factory floor should look more like a data center
In general, data centers are trending towards having no keyboards or monitors. Why? Because data centers run on software with minimal need for human input.
Software automatically reacts to data insights collected from the factory floor. When it reacts, it is performing analysis, triggering action for preset responses, and automatically completing tasks based on received information. This intelligent system reduces the manual process that can lead to recurring mistakes, communication gaps and lost productivity. Allowing software to drive the factory floor frees team members to provide significant effort in other areas.
Deep analytics with a wide global reach
Our software-enhanced manufacturing can help address your needs wherever you are in the world. Here are five ways software lends flexibility.
1. Enhances the possibility of short-run manufacturing
2. Makes location portability possible
3. Reduces environmental impact
4. Puts data first to optimize processes
5. Balances need for speed (with out-of-box capabilities) and customization
The manufacturing floor doesn't have to be complicated. "Advanced manufacturing software can manage the creation of your products from start to finish, more efficiently and effectively," said Doiron.
For example, using simulation software to test a design before production begins exposes potential flaws. Software insights can also notify you when machine maintenance is needed, reducing downtime and expenses.
End-to-end software simplifies production by providing real-time, accurate data. Using software to link each step in the process keeps assembly moving, reduces human error and saves resource expenses. It also allows machines to continuously learn and improve.
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What does HAT mean in Medical?
This page is about the meanings of the acronym/abbreviation/shorthand HAT in the field in general and in the Medical terminology in particular.
Human African Trypanosomiasis
Find a translation for HAT in other languages:
Select another language:
What does HAT mean?
- hat, chapeau, lid(noun)
- headdress that protects the head from bad weather; has shaped crown and usually a brim


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This item is available under a Creative Commons License for non-commercial use only
2.1 CIVIL ENGINEERING
Embodied energy analysis can be used as a construction design assessment tool in a sustainable matrix for a building. Its implementation however remains challenging mainly because of data measurement errors. A comparison between the deterministic embodied energy (EE) of a building and the stochastic EE of the same building undertaken using Monte Carlo simulation showed a wide variation in results. It is recommended that the specification of EE intensity of building materials in the construction industry can assist in producing accurate and more credible EE values of building.
Acquaye, A., Duffy, A., Basu, B.: Embodied energy analysis: a sustainable construction design assessment tool. Engineering Sustainability: Innovations that spans boundaries; Conference Proceedings; Pittsburgh, PA-USA, April 19-21, 2009.


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Kevin Pickering, PhD
With more than 25 years of research experience, Kevin has undertaken research as a shipboard scientist in the Gulf of Mexico (Ocean Drilling Program Leg 96), and offshore Japan (Ocean Drilling Program Leg 131), together with on-land research in Arctic Norway, northern Russia, Newfoundland, Quebec, NE Scotland, southern Britain, SE France, Spanish Pyrenees, SE Spain, Tibet, Japan, Kyrghyzstan, Uzbekistan, California, and New Zealand.
Kevin's research interests are many and varied, with more than 130 research papers, 5 authored / co-authored books and 5 edited books, that include the following topics: Earth surface processes (particularly all aspects of deep-marine sedimentology, stratigraphy and tectonics), surface processes on Venus, global environmental issues, stratigraphy, tectonics and sedimentation, sediment geochemistry and clay mineralogy, particularly relating to deep-marine environments.
Dr. Pickering teaches the following courses:
- Deepwater Systems, Ainsa Basin, Spanish Pyrenees: Application to Hydrocarbon Prospectivity and Unconventional Plays
- High-Continuity Sandy Turbidite System: Application to Hydrocarbon Prospectivity (Haute Provence, SE France)


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The present study employs the life history method, which is a collaborative venture between the researchers and four Informants, to tell the stories of the beginning teachers' role management action within theories of context. Informed by literature on teacher professionalization and professional socialization, we found that two first year teachers were caught In a tension of external performance-oriented appraisal and internal appraisal of self-worth. Another two beginners in their second year of teaching faced a tension of defining their professional self-identity when they were obliged to work against the grain in terms of making their pedagogical decisions. These beginners employed role management strategies ranging from situational adjustment to strategic redefinition to cope with the tension. The strategies were found to have different Impact on the their development as a teaching professional. When these role management strategies were analysed in the beginners' biographical, the schools' structural and the wider socio-historical contexts, we have better understanding of the conditions which contribute to the beginning teachers' employment of role management strategies that are conducive to desirable professional development.
|Publication status||Published - Jul 2004|
CitationChoi, P. L., & Tang, S. Y. F. (2004, July). Understanding the tension of beginning teachers' professional lives: Stories of action within theories of context. Paper presented at the International Council on Education for Teaching (ICET) World Assembly 2004: Teachers as learners: Building communities for professional development, Hong Kong, China.
- Teacher Education
- Teacher Education and Professional Development


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Oklahoma Lightning Mapping Array Data
The National Severe Storms Laboratory and the University of Oklahoma jointly operate the Oklahoma Lightning Mapping Array (OKLMA) to map the time and location of lightning channel segments within clouds. To do this, the system, owned by the University of Oklahoma, measures the time at which a signal radiated by a lightning channel in a VHF band (the former television channel 3 band) arrives at each station in the OKLMA network. The times are transmitted to a central station, which computes the time, latitude, longitude, and height of the segment that radiated the signal. Since 2003, there have been 10-11 stations in central Oklahoma. In April 2012, seven additional stations were added in southwest Oklahoma.
Data are collected continuously, with some interruptions due to maintenance or to failures in either communications or station electronics. Errors in the computed locations increase with range. Although three dimensional locations are computed for all VHF sources, errors in height grow faster with increasing range than do errors in latitude and longitude, so the computed height becomes unusable for most applications at longer ranges from the array.
The maps at right show the nominal regions of coverage for three-dimensional mapping (the purple shaded region) and for two-dimensional mapping (gold shading) with the original stations and with the new stations added. Directly over a cluster of stations, expected location errors are roughly 50 m. At the outer range of coverage, expected range errors are roughly 2 km. Note that the system identifies signals received at different stations from a given VHF source by using a statistical technique which allows a small percentage of mapped locations to be erroneous. Erroneous points can usually be readily identified by being distant from clusters of points, but the statistical nature means one should be cautious about using any one point.
OKLMA data are the property of the University of Oklahoma, which allows the National Severe Storms Laboratory also to use them for its projects. Available resources are insufficient to insure 24-7 operation of the OKLMA year round, but this is consistent with the intended application exclusively for scientific research. The lack of lightning at a specific time and location cannot be certified on the basis of these data.
The University of Oklahoma reserves the right to restrict access to these data, so access is password protected. However, applications for atmospheric science projects are encouraged. If you have a science project needing these data, please contact Bill Beasley ( _EMAIL_) or Don MacGorman (_EMAIL_) to request the password, and include the time and location of the data you need and a brief description of your project. If you have been given a password, you may proceed to the data directory; you will be directed to enter your user name (email address) and the password to access the directory.


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94a. Archeological Investigations at Jewel Cave
National Monument Custer County, South Dakota 2000-2003
Bruce A. Jones
Midwest Archeological Center personnel undertook limited evaluative
test excavations at nine recorded historic and prehistoric sites
in Jewel Cave National Monument as part of a three-year field project
conducted in 2000-2002, followed by a written synthesis that was
begun in 2003. The sites which were examined in the Monument included
nine with prehistoric components, and three with evidence of both
prehistoric and historic occupations.
The nine prehistoric sites included five that lay in springside
settings, one that lay atop a high ridge overlooking a canyon, one
rock shelter, and two sites on a canyon floor. None of the prehistoric
sites in the Monument produced large quantities of cultural material.
Instead, they reflect repeated short-term occupation and use of
specific settings that ensured success in food and other resource
exploitation, and appear to reflect part of a long-lived seasonal
round by small groups of hunter-gatherers. The presence of non-local
lithic materials at several of these sites further documents the
movement of these populations throughout the Plains. The prehistoric
components studied thus far at Jewel Cave range in age from as early
as the Middle Plains Archaic to as recently as the Late Prehistoric.
Based upon four radiocarbon assays of charcoal collected from these
sites, the Monument occupations date from 4500-4200 BC until roughly
The major historic site in the Monument is that of 39CU844, the
Jewel Cave Hotel, the location where a complex of structures was
built to accommodate visitors to the cave in the early twentieth
century. Testing at the hotel site produced artifactual material
that both predates and post-dates the probable time span of its
use, but is completely consistent with the general time period
of occupation. The site has been heavily impacted by cleanup efforts
that were undertaken in the 1930s by Emergency Conservation Work
Act (later Civilian Conservation Corps) personnel and by the construction
of U.S. Highway 16.
Due to the sensitive
nature of this subject this report is available to professional
archeologists only. If you order this manuscript we may contact
you for verification of your profession.


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Geologic Distribution: Gallium appears to be associated with clays, sulfide minerals and also organic matter in coal 1. Gallium has also been reported in trace amounts in diaspore and sphalerite in coal 1, 2. Mean whole-coal gallium was 6.45 ppm in coal and correlated moderately with ash yield, indicating an slight association with mineral matter in West Virginia coals. Gallium also correlated with ash associated elements and rare earth elements. Gallium increased in abundance slightly upward through the geologic column.
Economic Impact: Gallium in coal ash and flue dust is of interest as a source of Ga for industrial use 1. Gallium is used as a doping agent in semiconductors 2.
Environmental Impact: Gallium has no deleterious environmental impact during mining or use 1.
1. Swaine, D.J., (1990)
2. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
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Organic Posting
The Trick to Writing a Great Caption
Writing captions is more a science than an art. You might be bad at it right now but it's nothing you can't learn. To use an overused cliché, it's like learning to ride a bike.
Usman Khalil
October 1, 2020
4 min read
Writing captions is more a science than an art. You might be bad at it right now but it's nothing you can't learn. To use a cliché, it's like learning to ride a bike.
Because of the hierarchy of a post, people usually see the caption after they see the image or thumbnail of the link you attached in the post. So it plays a supporting role to the main content that you've posted.
But often you might just upload a text-only post, much like a tweet. The rules stay pretty much the same there.
The basics
In a social media post caption, you should take care of some basic rules which might differ from platform to platform. Here are a few that hold true for all of them.
Hashtag placement
You don't want to _TAG_ your _TAG_ in the middle of the _TAG_ like this. It will definitely irritate your audience. Put your hashtags at the end of your caption where they're not visible and they still fulfil their function. More on how to use hashtags here.
Link placement
Similarly, place your link at the end of your caption after the hashtags. This will cause the ugly url to disappear, leaving only a clean preview image and your caption in the post like this:
linkedin-link placement
The other way to insert a link is to add it in the comments of the post instead of the caption. Experts say that this can increase the reach of your post.
Of course, none of this applies to Instagram. Don't place a link in the caption at all on that platform. If you have to anyway, direct people to your profile with something like "see link in bio" in your post or caption and place the link in your Insta bio.
Alright, let's get to the meaty part; the actual text of the caption.
Note: I know how it feels to get writer's block every time you try to write a good caption. The Willow platform fortunately has a button you can press to generate a caption automatically based on the article that you're sharing. If you need to learn more, you can request a demo.
Now where were we.
Use the first line as a hook
If you've ever listened to marketing giant Seth Godin's podcasts, you'll realize that he hooks you in with the very first sentence. How does he do it every time? From what I've noticed, it's always a peculiar sentence that makes you think. At times it is a very specific example from history. Very rarely does it come across as clickbaity. Here's an example:
Twenty years ago, I was invited to the Big Meeting. Every week on Mondays, at JPMorgan Chase, there was a meeting of the team that was responsible for one-third of the bank's profits. This meeting consisted of 42 people sitting around a long table, 20 on the side – one at the head and one of the foot – surrounded by 30 other people sitting in the second row. That meeting cost the bank more than fifty thousand dollars an hour. And as far as I know, they're still having it.
Right away you feel like you're halfway through a story, you feel involved, and you know right away that this is a high stakes situation. That's what your captions should try to do. Stop with the pleasantries. Dive into the story.
Though this is nothing new, it isn't something people always get right. Common mistakes include overhyping the content or making it too obviously clickbaity.
Don't talk at people
"Here are our achievements as a brand. We have done this for decades. You should choose us." Don't you agree that that sounds a bit obnoxious. Like whoever wrote it is too full of themselves and is talking at you from their high horse. That's exactly what not to do.
Instead, approach them from the same level. Involve them in your narrative and already try to make them answer a question about themselves, even if it is just inside their heads. Like this brilliant example from Harry Dry:
talk to rather than at
Harry Dry's example how to involve the reader with your caption.
Use words that people actually say
Nobody uses words like rambunctious, perfunctory, or obfuscated when they're talking. Complicated language like this can cause you to lose your audience instantly.
Here's a better idea. Try saying your caption out loud to yourself. Better yet, say it to someone else. Does it seem like something someone would actually say? If it doesn't, ditch it. You can do better.
I'll now shamelessly use our own post as an example. Keeping the caption conversational in this post helped us get a 9% engagement rate on this post. (On Linkedin, you want to keep your engagement rates above 2%)
contento caption
Here's a quick recap
 1. Use hashtags after the text, not in it.
 2. Put the link at the end of the caption or in the comments.
 3. Hook your audience with the first sentence. Start with the middle of the story.
 4. Talk to people rather than at them.
 5. Use conversational language
Hope that's a good start. Start nailing these tips every time, and you'll have an audience that engages with you on a more regular basis. I'll leave you with this; never underestimate the power of a good caption. And nobody hammers this point home like the New Yorker cartoons, so here you go.
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All eyes on Manas
25 January 2011 | News story
A UNESCO-IUCN monitoring mission to the Manas Wildlife Sanctuary, India's only World Heritage Site on the Danger List, will evaluate the progress made so far to increase the population of key species, including tigers, Indian elephants and great one-horned rhino.
The rapid decline in wildlife and the eradication of the rhino during a decade-long insurgency, led to the inscription of the site on the List of World Heritage in Danger in 1992.
The five-day mission comes after repeated requests by the Indian authorities to remove the site from the Danger List and reinstate its reputation as one of India's richest wildlife areas. Last year's World Heritage Committee meeting in Brazil decided that Manas sanctuary should remain on the Danger List. The issue will be up for discussion again at the Committee's next session, taking place in Bahrain in June this year.
"We recognise the great efforts by the Indian authorities to support recovery of wildlife populations and improve the overall park management," says Tim Badman, Head of IUCN's World Heritage Programme. "The mission will be exploring all the issues raised in previous reports and looking to see what progress is being made."
A reintroduction programme for rhinos under the Assam forest department's Indian Rhino Vision 2020 has increased to seven the number of rhinos currently in Manas and more re-introductions are under way. An additional six elephant calves have also recently been moved to Manas and camera-traps are being used to monitor tigers in the park.
Threats such as illegal logging and poaching in the Pambari Range, invasive species and issues with management effectiveness, are also a concern and will be addressed during the monitoring mission, according to IUCN, the independent advisory body to the World Heritage Committee on natural sites.
The report from this monitoring mission will be finalised and provided to the UNESCO World Heritage Committee during its next meeting in Bahrain, where the decision on whether or not to remove Manas from the Danger list will be taken.
- Sue Mainka, Head of Science and Learning
- Tim Badman, Head, World Heritage Programme
For high-resolution photos, please contact Christelle Perruchoud, e christelle. perruchoud _USER_.org
For more information, please contact:
- Borjana Pervan, Media Relations Officer, IUCN, m +41 79 _PHONE_, e _EMAIL_
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, helps the world find pragmatic solutions to our most pressing environment and development challenges.
IUCN works on biodiversity, climate change, energy, human livelihoods and greening the world economy by supporting scientific research, managing field projects all over the world, and bringing governments, NGOs, the UN and companies together to develop policy, laws and best practice.


text:
Has your pet suddenly started losing hair? Mange may be to blame. The common skin condition affect dogs, cats and rabbits, causing a variety of uncomfortable symptoms.View Article
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Foxtail grasses are a common sight in the open spaces, vacant lots and unlandscaped yards of Southern California. The "foxtail" name applies to several different grasses all boasting a bushy cluster of spikes resembling the tail of a fox. As these grasses die off they turn brown and brittle at which point they become a serious threat to our pets, especially dogs.
The spiked clusters of the dried foxtail plant break down into many small, barbed spikelets. The hardened, barbed tip of the spikelets are designed to penetrate the arid ground, a design which also makes them well-suited to burrowing through a pet's fur and into the skin.
The barbs of the foxtail make it so that the spikelets can only move in one direction. As a result, once it enters the hair, movement of the pet will cause the foxtail to continue traveling through the hair towards the skin until it becomes lodged in the tissue. From there, it can burrow under the skin and wreak havoc.
Foxtails can become embedded in any part of the body that they brush against. Most common are the pet's toes, ears, eyes, nose or even the skin of the legs and chest. The spikelets often become irreversibly lodged, leading to tissue damage and infection. When burrowed in the toe, foot, or skin, an embedded foxtail may present as a dermal infection, a small red lump or a small open wound. In the ear, a foxtail may cause a severe and painful ear infection or even threaten the ear drum. In the nose, foxtails can cause significant irritation or infection leading to severe sneezing, bloody discharge or respiratory distress. Occasionally, we even see foxtails lodged under the gums or in the tonsils of a pet who is fond of chewing the long grasses. Once embedded, foxtails rarely work their way out on their own. Veterinary intervention is usually required to remove foxtails, treat the resulting wound and cure the infection resulting from a "foreign body" invasion.
Some signs of a potential foxtail infection:
The best prevention for a foxtail infection is simply to avoid areas where foxtails are present. These grasses are common residents of open space areas and vacant lots in the late Spring and throughout the Summer. They resemble wheat or similar grains and are most easily identified by the bushy cluster of spikes resembling a fox's tail. If you see these, it is best to simply keep your pet from walking near them. Keep your pet leashed on hikes (besides being the law this can also help keep your pet safe from rattlesnakes) and observe any unlandscaped parts of your yard for growth of these common wild grasses.
In the event your pet comes in contact with foxtails, check their feet (between the toes), ears, nose, eyes and coat carefully for hitchhiking spikes. In long coated dogs, thoroughly comb their coat to pull out any foxtails or other foreign matter. Keeping the hair on your pet's feet short can help prevent foxtail invasion too.
If you suspect your pet may have a picked up one of these nasty hitchhikers, contact your veterinarian right away. The longer these cases wait, the deeper the foxtail can burrow and the more damage can be done.


The omni-directional mobility gear (立体機動装置 Rittai kidō sōchi?) is a type of equipment developed by humans that allows great mobility when facing the Titans in combat. It allows the user to fight in a 3D space as opposed to a 2D one. The equipment itself takes the form of a body harness that encompasses much of the body below the neck.
Although the equipment can grant a skilled user tremendous mobility, it is a demanding art that requires both strength and skill, both of which must be honed through constant practice.
Some tools involved in the apparatus include:
 - Hand grips
 - Piston-shot grapple-hooks
 - Gas-powered mechanism
 - Iron wire propeller with plug-in blades
Soldiers using ODM gear
The simplest move possible with the ODM gear is simply aiming and firing the grapple hooks at an object and then activating the gas mechanism to reel oneself toward the said object. They can then disconnect the hook and continue moving forward.
Usually however, soldiers must be able to move around in order to navigate in general. Therefore, they tend to use their momentum in order to swing around targets, not only in rectilinear patterns, but also slaloming between objects and Titans. The gas mechanism is so powerful that it can stop a person from falling without using the hooks.[1]
The ODM gear tends to be less efficient in open spaces because the user does not have too many spots where the hooks can be reeled. However, the hooks are able to pierce Titan flesh and ODM gear can be as fast or even faster than a Titan.
More advanced techniques include changing directions while still being reeled in as demonstrated by Jean Kirschtein.[2]
Main Housing — The winch resides inside a housing, located on the wearer's lower back. There are two independent shafts, with spools of steel wire.[3]
Controller Grip — The system is control via a pair of hand held controllers which also serve as hilts for the wearer's swords. The inner workings of the controllers are a closely guarded secret. The technical department manages and improves this system under strict security.[3] The top trigger fires the anchor with the bottom trigger firing compressed gas. Pulling the lever reels the wire back in, letting go makes it stop. The hammer switch located at the back allows the angle of fire for both anchor mechanisms to be adjusted while the auxiliary switchs release and lock the blades in place. The control grip is approximately 18cm in height.
Compressed Gas Cylinder — Two cylinders, one on each sheath, store compressed gas which is used to both fire and retract the grapples.[3]
Blades — The blades are made from an Ultrahard steel, which is both supple and strong, capable of rending Titan flesh. It can only be manufactured in the blast furnaces of factory cities.[4] Soldiers usually carry more blades in boxes built at the sides of their thighs.
Turbine — Gas from the cylinders is blown directly into the turbine powers the winch to retract the grapple cables. The pressure of the gas is regulated to control how quickly the cable are retracted.[5]
ODM gear training is a rigorous process that allows humans, which are limited to two-dimensional movements, to adapt to movement in the third dimension.[6]
Great physical strength, particularly in the legs, coupled with spatial recognition abilities, as well as the mental strength to not waver in the midst of a panic, are crucial qualities.[6]
One of the first things done after enlisting in training is the ODM gear aptitude evaluation. Those unable to remain upright are dismissed.
Those incapable [of staying upright] aren't suited to even be used as decoys![7]
Three years of training are needed before officially becoming a soldier. Many run away or are driven out before graduating. The training is so intense that some people actually die during the process.[8]
The training strengthens the soldiers' muscles to a degree far greater than any normal civilian when you consider the requirement of force of acceleration, shock of landing, performing consecutive quick leaps repeatedly and accelerating at extremely high speeds. This leads to the soldiers acquiring a low body fat percentage.
 - The Beast Titan showed great interest in the ODM gear, apparently having never encountered it before his meeting with Miche Zacharius.[9]
 - A variation of this device involves using the standard body and harnesses of the equipment, but replacing the sword blades with explosive rods used to incapacitate or destroy armored opponents (such as the Armored Titan).
 1. Attack on Titan anime: Episode 24
 2. Attack on Titan anime: Episode 17
 3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 Attack on Titan anime: Episode 8 — Currently Publicly Available Information.
 4. Attack on Titan anime: Episode 6 — Currently Publicly Available Information.
 5. Attack on Titan anime: Episode 9 — Currently Publicly Available Information.
 6. 6.0 6.1 Attack on Titan anime: Episode 3 — Currently Publicly Available Information.
 7. Attack on Titan anime: Episode 3
 8. Attack on Titan anime: Episode 5
 9. Attack on Titan anime: Episode 26


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América Solidaria aims to promote effective volunteer engagement among the countries of the Americas. The main objective of the organization is to promote regional and multilateral development between the different countries of the continent. América Solidaria aims to accomplish this through volunteer networks of young professionals who work with a sense of professionalism and social awareness to promote social integration and solidarity in the countries where they have been placed. Founded in Chile, América Solidaria now works throughout South America and the Caribbean and would like to extend the scope of its work to include the United States.
Definition of Problem
Today there are volunteers coming from five different countries, but there is no consistent application, selection or support system across countries. This is an issue that needs to be addressed and remedied. Considering the first report and analysis by students of the "Development Advisory Teams" (spring 2013), America Solidaria would like to continue to deepen the analysis and the design of their volunteer programs, comparing their work with similar initiatives in the United States, especially as it relates to the application process, screening, selection and support Specifically, America Solidaria are interested in the following areas of analysis:
A. Models and Systems for Volunteer Nominations: A review of the application processes of organizations similar to American Solidaria (on timing of placement, phasing, duration, required documentation etc.) and tools used and how these tools allow them to streamline application processes.
B. Selection Process and Evaluation of Volunteers: Review of different models of selection of volunteers, stages, selection criteria and indicators of successful selection that includes looking at the impact that these volunteers make.
C. Volunteers Accompaniment Processes: Finally a review of the processes accompanying the volunteers once they start their work in their respective destinations.
Initial Steps and Options
América Solidaria would like a team of students to consider what other similar organizations have done when facing these challenges of identification, selection, placement, and measuring impact of their volunteers. Organizations of particular interest include:
Students on this DAT project will also work together with computer science students from Notre Dame engineering Prof. Raul Santelices' class on some more technical aspects of building a software system for recruitment and selection of volunteers. Many of the materials are in Spanish, so it would be helpful if some team members have a knowledge of Spanish.