text:
Biophysical Journal, Volume 77, Issue 6, 1 December 1999, Pages 3394-3406
Ping Li, Periasamy Selvaraj and Cheng Zhu
Binding of the Fc portion of IgG coated on targets to Fcγ receptors (e.g., CD16) expressed on leukocytes (i.e., 2D binding) is an initiating step for immune responses such as phagocytosis or antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. In vivo, circulating leukocytes are exposed to plasma IgG. The competition from soluble IgG (i.e., 3D binding) may affect the 2D binding. Many cell surface receptors, CD16 included, have soluble counterparts. While their physiological significance is not clear, receptor-based competitive inhibition therapy, in which soluble receptors, ligands, and their analogs are employed to compete with surface-bound receptors and ligands to prevent unwanted adhesion, is widely used to treat various diseases. To provide a quantitative basis for design of these therapeutic approaches, we developed a mathematical model for 2D and 3D competition binding. The model relates cell-surface adhesion (in the presence and absence of dislodging forces) to the concentration of the soluble competitor, the densities of the surface-bound receptors and ligands, as well as the binding affinities of the 2D and 3D interactions. Binding of CD16-expressing cells to an IgG-coated surface in the presence of a soluble competitor (IgG or anti-CD16 antibody) was quantified by a centrifugation assay. The agreement between experiment and theory supports the validity of the model, which could be useful in predicting the efficacy of the competitor.
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (235 kb)
Biophysical Journal, Volume 79, Issue 4, 1 October 2000, Pages _PHONE_
Cheng Zhu and Tom E. Williams
Cell adhesion provides not only physical linkage but also communication between the cell and its environment. As such, it is important to many cellular functions. Recently, the probability distribution of forming a low number of specific adhesive bonds in a short-duration contact has been described (Chesla et al., Biophys. J., 1998, 75:1553–1572). This model assumes that binding occurs between a single receptor species and a single ligand species. However, cell adhesion molecules rarely work alone in physiological settings. To account for these in vivo situations, we extended the previous model to include concurrent interactions of multiple receptor–ligand species, introducing the concept of independent binding. Closed-form solutions have been obtained for cases where competition is absent or can be neglected. In two companion papers (Williams et al., Biophys. J., 2000, 79:1858–1866; 2000, 79:1867–1875), the model developed herein has been applied to analyze two sets of experiments designed such that the validity of the theory was also tested.
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (121 kb)
Biophysical Journal, Volume 91, Issue 1, 1 July 2006, Pages 352-363
Mian Long, Juan Chen, Ning Jiang, Periasamy Selvaraj, Rodger P. McEver and Cheng Zhu
Rosetting, or forming a cell aggregate between a single target nucleated cell and a number of red blood cells (RBCs), is a simple assay for cell adhesion mediated by specific receptor-ligand interaction. For example, rosette formation between sheep RBC and human lymphocytes has been used to differentiate T cells from B cells. Rosetting assay is commonly used to determine the interaction of Fc γ-receptors (FcγR) expressed on inflammatory cells and IgG coated on RBCs. Despite its wide use in measuring cell adhesion, the biophysical parameters of rosette formation have not been well characterized. Here we developed a probabilistic model to describe the distribution of rosette sizes, which is Poissonian. The average rosette size is predicted to be proportional to the apparent two-dimensional binding affinity of the interacting receptor-ligand pair and their site densities. The model has been supported by experiments of rosettes mediated by four molecular interactions: FcγRIII interacting with IgG, T cell receptor and coreceptor CD8 interacting with antigen peptide presented by major histocompatibility molecule, P-selectin interacting with P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL-1), and L-selectin interacting with PSGL-1. The latter two are structurally similar and are different from the former two. Fitting the model to data enabled us to evaluate the apparent effective two-dimensional binding affinity of the interacting molecular pairs: 7.19×10−5μm4 for FcγRIII-IgG interaction, 4.66×10−3μm4 for P-selectin-PSGL-1 interaction, and 0.94×10−3μm4 for L-selectin-PSGL-1 interaction. These results elucidate the biophysical mechanism of rosette formation and enable it to become a semiquantitative assay that relates the rosette size to the effective affinity for receptor-ligand binding.
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (298 kb)
Copyright © 1998 The Biophysical Society All rights reserved.
Biophysical Journal, Volume 75, Issue 3, _PHONE_, 1 September 1998
* George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0405
# Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322 USA
We report a novel method for measuring forward and reverse kinetic rate constants, kfo and kr0, for the binding of individual receptors and ligands anchored to apposing surfaces in cell adhesion. Not only does the method examine adhesion between a single pair of cells; it also probes predominantly a single receptor-ligand bond. The idea is to quantify the dependence of adhesion probability on contact duration and densities of the receptors and ligands. The experiment was an extension of existing micropipette protocols. The analysis was based on analytical solutions to the probabilistic formulation of kinetics for small systems. This method was applied to examine the interaction between Fcγ receptor IIIA (CD16A) expressed on Chinese hamster ovary cell transfectants and immunogobulin G (IgG) of either human or rabbit origin coated on human erythrocytes, which were found to follow a monovalent biomolecular binding mechanism. The measured rate constants are Ackfo=(2.6±0.32)×10−7μm4 s−1 and kr0=(0.37±0.055) s−1 for the CD16A-hIgG interaction and Ackfo=(5.7±0.31)×10−7μm4 s−1 and kr0=(0.20±0.042) s−1 for the CD16A-rIgG interaction, respectively, where Ac is the contact area, estimated to be a few percent of 3μm2.


Chapstick isn't just for protecting your lips. You can also use this popular lip balm for minor medical treatment and protection; for repairing and waterproofing; for fire starting and storage. If you have the choice, don't use Chapstick or another lip balm to replace a better-suited or more effective treatment product. However, it never hurts to be prepared. Read on to learn how to use lip balm as a survival tool!
Method 1 of 3:
Healing and Protection
 1. 1
 Look for lip balm with healing properties. Lip balm that contains petrolatum is good for locking in moisture, and balm with dimethicone is useful for sealing up dry, cracked lips.[1] Many balm products also include emollients, which help moisturize the skin, provide a protective film, and make dry, itchy skin feel more comfortable.[2]
 2. 2
 Treat minor skin abrasions. This might include cuts and scrapes, bug bites, and rashes. First, use a clean tissue, cloth, or leaf to clean away any blood or dirt. Then, apply Chapstick thickly to the area. Be sure to thoroughly coat the wound with balm. Then, cover the skin with a clean cloth or leaf.
 - In a pinch, Chapstick can stop small cuts from bleeding.[3] The waxy substance blocks off the wound and keeps the blood flowing inside your body.
 - As a wound or rash heals, Chapstick will protect the tender area from dirt and bacteria. This may reduce your risk of infection, especially if you are in an unclean or unfamiliar environment.
 3. 3
 Rub onto dry, chapped lips. Be sure to use Chapstick liberally and often when you're in constant exposure to the elements. If your lips take too much heat, cold, or wind, they might dry out, crack open, and even bleed.
 4. 4
 Use Chapstick as a mild anesthetic. Smear lip balm on blisters, foot rot, and other painful (but not life-threatening) maladies. The protective qualities of the balm may have a tingling, mildly-pain-relieving effect on your skin. Do not expect Chapstick to ease any serious pain, and do not treat it as a substitute for real medical attention.
 - If you have a toothache, try applying lip balm to the gums or to the outer skin of your cheek. This method is not officially recommended, but some survivalists claim that it can ease the pain a bit.
 5. 5
 Protect your face from the scorching sun. Apply to a clean, dry face. Use Chapstick like sunscreen. The waxy coating should put a thin, protective layer between your skin and the sun – but it won't last nearly as long as official sunscreen. Be careful to keep it out of your eyes!
 - Some lip balm actually comes with an SPF rating. Choose one of these products, and it may actually give your skin some serious sun protection.[4]
 - Chapstick may also help temporarily protect your face from wind-chill and frostbite. Apply to your face in cold, windy situations. Do not expect it to protect you from serious cold.
 6. 6
 Make a mask. To reduce glare in bright environments like snow and deserts, try dipping the Chapstick in ash and rubbing it in lines beneath your eyes. Layer the ash-balm combination all over your face to darken your skin and make a simple, camouflaging hunting mask. It functions much like mud, and it is somewhat water-resistant.[5]
Method 2 of 3:
Starting a Fire
 1. 1
 Use Chapstick as a "fire extender". Uncap the container and rub the lip balm onto something flammable: cotton balls, Q-tips, cloth, gauze, lint, or even dry organic materials like leaves and bark.[6] Then, light the material on fire. The oil in the lip balm will give your flame an extra kick of intensity, and it should help it burn for longer while you get a larger fire going.[7]
 - You can also use petroleum jelly like Vaseline for this purpose.[8]
 - Consider keeping cotton balls or gauze in your survival kit for precisely this purpose. Together, cotton and lip balm form a potent fire-starting combination.[9]
 2. 2
 Make a candle. Add a short wick, and the waxy, oily lip balm will perform much like a standard candle. For the wick, you can use a string, a match, or half of a Q-tip – anything that will not burn too quickly. Coat the wick in Chapstick wax, then stick it into the end of the balm. Light it on fire, and you have a candle that you can use to make more fire.[10]
 - Make sure to plant the wick slightly off-center from the plastic screw in the center of the Chapstick.
 - Keep the wick very short. Otherwise, it might burn too quickly. Either way, there's a good chance that the fire will melt away the plastic rim of the container.[11]
 3. 3
 Make a Q-tip candle. Try cutting a Q-tip in half, then coating the fuzzy end of the Q-tip in lip balm. Stick the sharp end of the half-Q-tip into the Chapstick, then light the fuzz. It should burn well and last at least a few minutes.
Method 3 of 3:
Repairing and Protecting Gear
 1. 1
 Waterproof your shoes or gear. Smear the lip balm over a thin or non-watertight section of fabric for a quick fix. This will only be marginally and temporarily effective, but it might keep you just dry enough in a pinch. Make sure that your gear is dry and clean when you start – otherwise, the Chapstick won't be able to do much!
 2. 2
 Use as a lubricant. There are a lot of zippers involved in survival gear—tents, jackets, backpacks—and these closing mechanisms are prone to getting caught on the surrounding fabric. Chapstick can act as a lubricant that might help you free the zipper from a tight spot. Use lip balm liberally, but don't expect it to fix all of your zipper woes.
 - As an added bonus, the waxy coating might make the zipper more water-resistant.
 - You can also use Chapstick to lubricate screws, tools, and other things that might get stuck.
 3. 3
 Keep knives from rusting. Coat the blade with Chapstick by rubbing the balm directly on. This can be helpful if you're using your knife in the rain. Make sure to wipe the blade clean once you're in a dry haven.[12]
 4. 4
 Defog glasses. Rub Chapstick onto the lenses of your glasses, then rub them dry. This should get the glass clean, and it may also keep them from fogging up.[13] Be aware that this tip is not officially verified; it shouldn't damage your glasses, but the thick petroleum might gunk up the lenses and make it hard to see. Try it, if you're curious, but do so with a grain of salt.
 5. 5
 Use the empty container as storage. Once you've used all of your Chapstick, you can use the plastic tube to store thick products like toothpaste, soap, wax, and petroleum jelly. Make sure to rinse out the compartment beforehand to remove the waxy residue. If the lid is intact, try using the container to hold basic survival gear: a fishing hook, a waterproof match, a band-aid, and some fishing line.[14]
 - Try hiding cash in here if you're traveling. Fold paper bills and roll them in. This can be a discreet way to keep your money close and safe.
Community Q&A
Add New Question
 - Question
 How do I remove the wick from the container?
 Kaelan Keniston
 Kaelan Keniston
 Community Answer
 Keep twisting until it is fully out, then cut it with a butcher knife.
Ask a Question
200 characters left
 - Make a fishing lure. Break off a small chunk of lip balm and attach it to your fishing hook. This may simulate a salmon egg, a grub, or another basic bait.[15] You probably won't be able to re-use the chunk – but it might help you catch a fish, in a pinch.
 - Consider carrying a small tub of Vaseline. This performs many of the same functions as Chapstick, and it may be easier to scoop and apply in volume.[16]
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text:
Superfoods don't have to be packaged and processed and they don't have to be expensive.
Kiwifruits are an inexpensive and nutrient-rich superfood and the Zespri SunGold variety are sweeter and juicier than the much better known green variety.
And they are in season NOW.
Here are five fabulous reasons to grab a goldie when you are looking for superfoods. Thanks to Zespri SunGold Kiwifruits for the information.
- Zespri SunGold Kiwifruits help kick-start your day. Given their high levels of Vitamin C, they help reduce the feelings of fatigue and hunger between meals. As they're also low GI, kiwifruits can help manage blood sugar levels and provide longer lasting energy, so if you find yourself getting sluggish, or with the craving to snack throughout the day, consider eating a Zespri SunGold Kiwifruit. In fact, scientific research has proven that eating a kiwifruit half an hour before your usual cereal breakfast significantly slows and reduces the uptake of sugars from your breakfast into your blood stream.
- They help achieve healthy skin. A single kiwifruit contains a range of antioxidants that help improve the health and vitality of your skin. As well as protecting skin from degeneration, the antioxidants also assist to repair any damage that has already occurred.
- They assist with muscle repair. Exercise causes micro-tears in muscle tissues, and the speed in which they are repaired determines whether or not an injury occurs. Zespri SunGold Kiwifruits are a source of potassium, and combined with the high Vitamin C levels, enables your body to digest and absorb the proteins needed to improve the recovery process after exercise, meaning you're back on your feet quicker!
- They help prevent sickness. Wondering why you're always getting sick, or why it takes you so long to recover? Often your poor performing immune system is to blame. Vitamin C has been proven to boost the function of the immune system, meaning your body is better equipped to protect itself from illness.
- They relieve bloating. Being a source of fibre and the unique digestive enzyme actinidin, kiwifruits are scientifically proven to be effective when it comes to achieving good digestive health. Just two Zespri SunGold Kiwifruits can relieve bloating, keep your bowel movements regular, and aid the natural digestion process.
The Zespri SunGold Kiwifruit Smoothie
- Three ripe* Zespri SunGold Kiwifruits
- Coconut Water (330ml carton)
- One tablespoon of LSA
- One tablespoon of almond meal
- One tablespoon of USANA's Nutrimeal Free protein powder
- Peel, chop and blend the Zespri SunGold Kiwifruits
- Add LSA, protein powder and almond meal
- Add half of the carton of coconut water
- Blend until ingredients are combined
- Add additional coconut water to achieve your desired consistency
- Drink immediately and feel great!
*The best tips on how to choose the perfectly ripe and ready to go Zespri Kiwifruit are HERE.
This recipe was created to celebrate one of the world's most nutrient-rich fruits, Zespri SunGold Kiwifruit.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


I thought 亲你一口 means "kiss you" but usually, I think verbs take 一下 to add the meaning of "a bit".
So why is it 亲你一口, not 亲你一下, and what does it differ from just say 亲你? Or is the relationship between 亲你 and 亲你一口 the same as between 看你 and 看你一下?
 - 1
 看手？ 亲你一口 can be compared to 看你一眼，body parts are used as verb measure words – user6065 Aug 24 '18 at 13:26
 - 1
 see e.g. _URL_%8F%E8%AF%8D 动量词 e.g. 他踢了我一脚。我打了他一巴掌。老师瞪了我一眼 has been discussed at this site before (in fact in response to same OP, still trying to find this previous Q&A) – user6065 Aug 24 '18 at 13:33
 - previous Q&A where comments touch on present topic has been found, see comments of chinese.stackexchange.com/questions/27107/… – user6065 Aug 24 '18 at 14:43
 - Maybe you could translate like this: 亲你 kiss you, 亲你一口 give you a kiss; 看你 look at you, 看你一眼 give you a glimpse. – xbh Aug 24 '18 at 16:53
 - 1
 _USER_, Why do you think "亲你一口 just doesn't sound native"? In fact, it does. – dan Aug 25 '18 at 0:46
亲你一口 and 亲你一下 mean the same, kiss one time. 口 and 下 are both valid measure words for 亲. So, 亲一口 == 亲一下.
You should note that 一下 doesn't ALWAYS mean 'a bit'. It can mean 'one time'. For example, 打三下（hit three times）， 亲两下(kiss two times).
 - Thanks so how can I use them apart between 亲你一口 and 亲你一下? – Blaszard Aug 25 '18 at 13:29
 - _USER_ you can replace one with the other. – dan Aug 25 '18 at 13:38
Your Answer


Mind-Body Health
5 Reasons Hibernating During Winter Is Good for You
woman relaxing with a cup of tea
5 Reasons Hibernating During Winter Is Good for You
According to Ayurvedic doctor Virender Sodhi, "Your body is nature's pharmacy, it has everything you need to be healthy." This refers to the process of listening to the signals that your body gives you and then acting on them. So, what does your body actually need when it's saying, "Binge eat!", "Stay indoors!", or "Crawl under a pile of blankets and watch rom coms!"?
Rest More
If you follow nature's cues, days are shorter and nights are longer. This could indicate that a longer sleep time is necessary. When you feel tired and yet it's only 8:30 p.m., that's not time to muscle through and keep working, it's time to feel your body and recognize 'If I feel like it's a lot later than 8:30, what can I do about this? Maybe I should go to bed?'
Wrap Up
Crawling under layers of blankets can be a sign that your body is just not at its peak temperature. For some people, a warm snuggly blanket feels like a hug from a friend. If you check in with why you want that blanket on, maybe you're trying to soothe yourself or maybe you are actually cold. When you have that desire to start snuggling under blankets, check to see what the temperature of your fingers and toes is. Then check your ears and nose. If these extremities are actually physically cold, it's no wonder you want a blanket!
Eat Well
Humans seem to be slaves to their food cravings in these wintry months. This is a time to listen to your body. Be a detective. Think about what is it asking you to eat and then find a natural healthy alternative. If you're craving potato chips, you could try plantain chips instead. If you're craving chocolate, you could try carob mint bites. Your body is trying to tell you something; however, if your pattern in the past has been a quick hit of sugar, starch, or salt to fix this craving, you need to pay close attention to retrain those patterns. Winter is a time for warm, hearty, and healthy foods like stews and curries.
In Deepak Chopra's book, What Are You Hungry For?, he offers vision of weight loss based on a deeper awareness of eating patterns. Trying to find satisfaction through food is never a healthy substitute for real fulfillment.
Go Outside
Spend Some Time Alone
The last thing you might consider when you are wanting to hibernate is that it may be a sign that you need some alone time. The holidays are filled with parties, dinners, shopping malls, and airports packed with people. After this overstimulation it's okay for you to want some time alone. Just because you love your family or enjoy your colleagues, it doesn't mean you want to be with them all day, every day. If you're feeling the need for space, give it to yourself. Alone and lonely are not the same. Spending some time alone can feel luxurious.


text:
Welcome to Gramodaya Samajik Sansthan
People can not be developed they can only develop themselves. For a while it is possible for an outsider to build a man's house, an outsider cannot give the man pride and self Confidence in him for human being.Those things a man has to create in himself by his own actions.
He develop himself by what he does he develop himself by making his own decisions, by increasing his understanding of what he is doing and why, by increasing his own knowledge and ability and by his own full participation as an equal in the life of the community he lives in.This becomes more fruitful when this self development process start from the beginning.Read More
Global health research is essential for development. A major issue is the inequitable distribution of research efforts and funds directed towards populations suffering the world's greatest ….
A humanitarian organization with a child centric approach, Holistic Child Development India has over forty years of experience in the field of child care and community development….
Drought is a natural hazard, it has a slow onset, and it evolves over months or even years. It may affect a large region and causes little structural damage. The impacts of drought can be reduced through….
Family Upliftment Programme program with a holistic approach to the upliftment of under-privileged communities thereby ensuring that all the needs of individuals are addressed – mentally….


ML Sillah was the former head of Amnesty International Gambia
Gambian Ethnologist has advised parents to inculcate the spirit of association among their children in the Diaspora. Ebrima Kamara, who is based in Stockholm, Sweden, is the guest of The Talking Point on Kairo Radio today.
The program coordinator, Mohamed Lamin Sillah, talked to Kamara on a wide range of issues.
Mr. Kamara said despite their busy and sometimes complicated work schedules, parents need to spare time for their children. He said children should be helped to understand why they need to belong to associations, develop social skills and understand their complex world.
Kamara wanted parents to take their children to the park, help them with their homework as well as tell them stories instead of leaving them confined in institutions they (parents) have not got clear understanding of.
Gambian ethnologist believed in the power of association which breeds empowerment and strength. He said the importance of associations cannot be underestimated but that successful associations require efforts, understanding and patience.
Kamara said differences in values is mostly responsible for the failure of our associations. This means inculcating values in children so they see the need to associate and give back to the country of their parents.
Mr. Kamara said the key to success lies in rallying around a national objective to succeed. He wanted Gambians to bury their differences, coexist and live in harmony.
Mr ML Sillah also spoke to Suntou Touray, Kairo News Political Editor on the infamous comment uttered by a Gambian opposition politician. Instead of launching arsenal on the Gambia's common enemy – the man who is bent on destroying everything Gambian, including tribal cohesion – Henry Gomez badmouthed Mandinka ethnic group. Gomez, the leader of the Gambia Party for Democratic and Progress, said on a Freedom Radio show that 'Sosseh du sossal ken' meaning "Mandinkas are greedy people."
The duo also discussed issues on mass protest and how such occasions can arise and properly managed without incurring loss of life.
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text:
Are you a busy student looking for ways to stay fit and healthy despite your hectic schedule? It can be challenging to find time for exercise when you're juggling classes.
assignments and extracurricular activities. But, incorporating workouts into your routine is crucial for both your physical
and mental well-being In this article, we will explore five fun and effective workouts designed for
busy students like you. These workouts are not only time-efficient but also enjoyable,
making it easier for you to stay motivated and achieve your fitness goals.
Table of Contents
- The Importance of Exercise for Students
- Workout 1: High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT)
- Workout 2: Yoga and Meditation
- Workout 3: Bodyweight Exercises
- Workout 4: Dance Fitness
- Workout 5: Outdoor Activities
In today's fast-paced world, students are sometimes overburdened with academic responsibilities. But, neglecting physical activity can lead to decreased energy levels, difficulty focusing,
and increased stress. By incorporating these five fun and effective workouts into your routine,
you can improve your fitness, boost your mood, and enhance your well-being.
The Importance of Exercise for Students
Regular exercise offers many benefits for students. It improves cardiovascular health,
increases energy levels, and enhances cognitive function,
making it easier for you to concentrate and keep information. Exercise also helps reduce stress, anxiety,
and depression, enabling you to manage academic pressures more. Additionally, staying active promotes better sleep patterns,
which is crucial for optimal academic performance.
Workout 1: High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT)
High-Intensity Interval Training, or HIIT,
is a time-efficient workout that combines short bursts
of intense exercise with brief recovery periods. It can be completed in as little as 15-20 minutes, making it ideal for busy students. HIIT exercises can include jumping jacks, burpees, mountain climbers, and squat jumps. By incorporating HIIT into your routine,
you can burn calories, increase endurance, and improve cardiovascular fitness.
Workout 2: Yoga and Meditation
Yoga and meditation provide a holistic approach to fitness and well-being. These practices not only strengthen your body but also calm your mind. Dedicate 20-30 minutes each day to perform yoga poses that focus on
flexibility, balance, and strength. Coupled with meditation, this workout helps reduce stress, improves concentration, and promotes relaxation. You can follow online tutorials or join a local yoga class to get started.
Workout 3: Bodyweight Exercises
When you don't have access to a gym or equipment,
bodyweight exercises are a convenient and effective option. Push-ups, squats, lunges, planks, and sit-ups are all examples
of bodyweight exercises that can be done anywhere, anytime. These exercises target many muscle groups,
improve strength and endurance, and need minimal time commitment. Incorporate a 15-20 minute bodyweight workout into your day to stay fit and active.
Workout 4: Dance Fitness
Who says working out can't be fun? Dance fitness combines exercise with rhythmic movements and catchy music,
making it an enjoyable and effective workout option. Join a Zumba class or follow dance workout videos online to get your heart rate up while having a great time. Dance fitness not only improves cardiovascular fitness but also enhances coordination,
balance, and flexibility.
Workout 5: Outdoor Activities
Take a break from the confines of your study space and
venture outdoors for some invigorating activities. Whether it's going for a run, cycling, hiking,
or playing a sport with friends,
outdoor activities provide a refreshing change of scenery while keeping you active. Not only will you enjoy physical exercise,
but you'll also enjoy the mental rejuvenation that comes from being in nature.
As a busy student, finding time for workouts
may seem challenging, but it's essential for your well-being. By incorporating these five fun and effective workouts into
your routine, you can stay fit, reduce stress, and enhance your academic performance. Remember to focus on your
health and make exercise a non-negotiable part of your daily schedule. Get creative, find activities you enjoy, and make fitness a part of your lifestyle.
01. Can I do these workouts even if I have limited time?
The workouts mentioned in this article are designed to be time-efficient,
making them perfect for busy students. Even 15-30 minutes a day can make a significant difference in your fitness level.
02. Is any particular equipment required for these workouts?
No, most of these workouts can be done without any equipment. Bodyweight exercises, yoga, meditation, and outdoor activities need minimal to no equipment. Yet, if you prefer, you can invest in a yoga mat or some basic exercise equipment
like resistance bands or dumbbells.
03. How often should I do these workouts?
aim for at least three to four workouts per week, incorporating a mix of different activities. This variety will help keep you engaged and prevent boredom. Listen to your body and adjust the frequency based on your energy levels and recovery.
04. Can these workouts help with stress management?
Yes, exercise is an excellent stress reliever. All the workouts mentioned in this article, from HIIT to yoga and meditation,
have proven benefits in reducing stress, and anxiety, and improving mental well-being.
05. Is it necessary to warm up before starting these workouts?
Yes, warming up is essential to prepare your body for exercise and prevent injuries. Spend a few minutes doing dynamic stretches
or light cardio to increase blood flow to your muscles and loosen up your joints.
The Student's Anatomy of Exercise Manual: 50 Essential Exercises Including Weights, Stretches, and Cardio
The Health and Fitness Manual, designed for health and
fitness trainers, sports science students, and
individuals striving to enhance their physical well-being proves to be an invaluable resource. Packed with informative content, this guidebook offers a comprehensive range of features
to assist individuals in achieving their fitness goals.
One of the highlights of this manual is the inclusion of 50 essential exercises. Each exercise is described and accompanied
by clear illustrations. From stretching routines to weightlifting and cardiovascular exercises,
the manual covers a diverse array of workout options. The inclusion of these exercises ensures that readers have
access to a wide range of techniques to incorporate into their fitness routines.
An important aspect of this manual is the 200 anatomical
color illustrations it provides. These illustrations depict the active and stabilizer muscles involved in each exercise. This visual representation serves as a valuable tool in understanding the
body's mechanics during workouts. By comprehending which muscles engage during exercise,
individuals can optimize their workout and rehabilitation routines.
Furthermore, the manual offers a useful glossary
of anatomical terms, allowing readers to familiarize themselves
with the appropriate terminology related to the muscular system. Additionally, a 30-page workbook section includes, featuring line illustrations of the muscular system. This section encourages health and fitness students to interact with the material. By shading different parts of the muscular system with
colored pencils, students can aid their memorization of muscle locations,
fostering a deeper understanding of the body's anatomy.
the manual features full-color illustrations throughout,
enhancing its visual appeal and making it easy to follow along. The combination of informative content, comprehensive exercise descriptions, anatomical illustrations,
and interactive workbook sections set this manual
apart as an indispensable resource for anyone passionate about health and fitness.
the Health and Fitness Manual stands out as a key guidebook
and information resource for individuals striving to improve their physical well-being. With its extensive range of exercises, detailed anatomical illustrations, and interactive workbook sections,
it provides a holistic approach to fitness. Whether you are a health and fitness trainer, a sports science student,
or someone dedicated to achieving better physical shape,
this manual is a valuable companion on your fitness journey.
copyright©pulse power fitness 2023


text:
From Uncyclopedia, the content-free encyclopedia
Kashmir (formerly Shangri-La), a "disputed" region on the border between Pakistan, Wales and India, was best known as an exporter of Kashmir wool sweaters and in-bred children. The region was renamed after the famous song by Led Zeppelin in 1980, shortly after the death of drummer John Bonham. Although this was controversial in the rest of the world, the name change was highly popular among its residents, with one resident exclaiming, "our territory may be disputed, but our love of this song is undisputed!"
A Richter 1.6 earthquake wiped out the region on the morning of October 8, 2005, with about forty thousand believed dead and more dying as food and shelter are scarce and narrow roads into the region are blocked by landslides. Authorities have been trying to pull out as many sheep as they can, alive, to save their wool making capabilities. They don't give a damn about the humans. In fact it would be better if all the humans were wiped out, it would leave more place for sheep to breed. Donate your aid at Save The Kashmir rats and Goats.com
The economy of Kashmir is based around agriculture, mainly rice. It's temperate climate and location at the source of the Indus river makes it quite tolerant of many crops. This property makes the land more desirable to India & Pakistan than finally knowing who Carly Simon was talking about in "You're So Vain".
The primary food export from the Kashmir region was Shake & Bake; as food becomes scarce, the Kashmiri pass the time playing Quake and clawing at the rubble with bare hands in an attempt to find buried friends and relatives.
Before the aforementioned name change,the national anthem of Kashmir was "Baa baa black sheep have you any wool? Yes sir, yes sir, three bags full." by John Paul Jones and Rudyard Kipling. After the region became known as "Kashmir", it made the unusual decision to use "California Dreaming", by The Mamas and the Papas. Responding to inquiries why it did not use "Shangri-La" by The Kinks or its namesake as a song, the region's spokesperson responded, "that's exactly what they'd be expecting us to do!" It is unclear who the "they" he refers to is.
edit Foreign aid
Aid efforts, like the earthquake itself, are proving to be a major disaster. Not only is help not reaching the remote rural villages where it's most desperately needed, but authorities don't seem to understand the problem. America sent Condoleeza Rice to the stricken area, only to have her sent back with the protest "No, no, no, you don't understand. We said peasants are starving because they have no rice. Send food!"
Recently, donations to Kashmir have been on the rise. According to most sources, this likely coincides with the release of Greg Mortenson and David Oliver Relin's book Three Cups of Tea, which mentions that Kashmir is, in fact, a real region in the world. In fact, Dr. Lionel Irving, a professor of Sociology at Nottingham University, cites "a recent study that found that 40% of Americans knew of a place named 'Kashmir'. Before the book was released, only about 20% had heard of a place called Kashmir, and 80% of the people who did thought Kashmir was some sort of Led Zeppelin fan club."
- Information source from Kashmir: In-depth news and features regarding various facets of Kashmir.
- ↑ really belongs to the European Union
|Countries and territories of Asia|
|Euroasia||Armenia - Azerbaijan - Cyprus - Georgia - Japan-France - Russia - Turkey (the country, not the bird) - Lebanon|
|East Asia||People's Republic of China - Hong Kong - Japan - Kansai Republic - Korea (north) (south) (pick 'em) - Macau - Mongolia - Taiwan (Republic of Taiwan)|
|Western Asia||Afghanistan - Arabia - Bahrain - Iran - Iraq - Israel - Jordan - Kuwait - Oman - Pakistan - Palestine - Qatar - Saudi Arabia - Syria - United Arab Emirates - Wherethefuckistan - Yemen|
|Central Asia||Kazakhstan - Kyrgyzstan - Tajikistan - Turkmenistan - Uzbekistan - other-stan|
|South Asia||Bangladesh - Bhutan - India - Maldives - Nepal - Sri Lanka - Tibet|
|Southeast Asia||Cambodia - East Timor - Hmor - Indonesia - Laos - Burma - Malaysia - Philippines - Singapore - Thailand - West Timor - Vietnam|
A nation united by virtually nothing, please
|States: Chandigarh • East Bengal • Kashmir • Kerala • Maharashtra • Nepal • Tibet • Tulu Nadu|
|Religions: Buddhism • Hinduism • Tantra • Zoroastrianism|
|Funny guys: Barkha Dutt • Mohandas Gandhi • Rudyard Kipling • Dalai Lama • Rabindranath Tagore • Mother Teresa|
|A zoo-full of deities: Allah • Ganesha • Hanuman • Kali|
|Languages: Engrish • Hindi • Sanskrit • Telugu|
|Other stuffs: Bangalore • Bhagavad-gita • Bollywood • Cricket • Brahmin • Curry • Football • Indian hippies • Indian Institutes of Technology • Jat • Mango • Ramayana • Rock • Rupees • Turban • Urumi • VJTI|

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Environment and Science Data
How might we use environment and science data to better engage with the community?
- Queensland is home to five World Heritage areas and has a diverse array of ecosystems.
- The Queensland Government is committed to long term protection and conservation of the environment and ecologically sustainable use of its resources.
- How can you use data to better tell a story and engage with Queenslanders our environment?
What is your solution?
Your solution to this challenge must use at least one environment and science dataset from the Department of Environment and Science
Locating open data
Either click on a link below or search for the dataset on data.qld.gov.au.
- Water and Coastal
- Online Farm Trials data / Online Farm Trials portal
- Climate Kelpie
- Agricultural Production Systems simulator (APSIM)
- Queensland Agricultural Land Audit
- Queensland Agricultural Training Colleges Sites
- Rabbit barrier fence
- Cattle tick clearing facilities - Locations
- Agricultural Chemicals Distribution Control (ACDC) Atlas
- Australian Bureau of Statistics - Agricultural Commodities
- Department of Agriculture and Water Resources - ABARES
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation crop outlook
- The Long Paddock – SOI and AussieGRASS
- The Long Paddock – FORAGE Property Reports
- Qld Wildlife data API
- Broad vegetation groups – pre-clearing and 2017 remnant – Queensland series
- Plants/animals – species list – useful links
- Queensland wetland data version 4 series
- The vegetation of the Australian tropical savannas
- Biodiversity and Climate Change Virtual Laboratory (BCCVL)
- Regional ecosystem
- Remote sensing
- Great Barrier Reef
- Department of Environment and Science
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries
- Department of Natural Resources, Mines and Energy
- Gazetteer of Australian Place Name Search
- Queensland Globe
- TERN AusCover
- Australian Research Data Commons
- Geoscience Australia
- Atlas of Living Australia
- National Environmental Information Infrastructure
Guidance to help you prepare your GovHack project video to pitch your solution (3 minutes):
- Introduction: state the project title, team name and members.
- Problem: what is the challenge your hack addressed? Why does it matter to find a solution?
- Vision: in one sentence, describe the ideal end state / long-term goal you are trying to achieve through your solution.
- Data/resources: what was your approach to solve the problem? How did you investigate the problem? Provide an overview of the open data and information used and how it helped you to develop your solution.
- Minimum viable product: describe your solution (proof of concept). What makes the solution unique? What would be the impact of the solution?
- Next steps: outline a road map on how the solution could be developed and implemented to achieve your vision.
For more tips see the GovHack handbook.


In my last article, I briefly discussed how COM, Sxs and CLR work together to make registration free COM/.Net interop possible. Today, I want to dive a bit deeper into this feature. Specifically, I want to discuss
1. How activation works end to end.
2. How to generate manifests for managed assemblies
3. What are the constraints of registration free COM interop.
In a typical Registration Free COM interop scenario, there is a managed assembly as the COM server. The managed assembly has a SxS manifest describing the COM registration information. There is also an unmanaged COM client. The client has a Sxs manifest with the managed COM server as its dependency.
During the COM activation, the following sequences happen in order:
1. CreateProcess is called on the COM client
2. Inside CreateProcess, Sxs detects that the COM client has a Sxs manifest.
3. Sxs parses the client's manifest. For all the dependencies specified in the client's manifest, Sxs finds the manifests and parses them as well. This process continues until all the dependencies closure are found and parsed. The parsed result is stored in the process default activation context. These all happen inside Sxs so the sxs behavior discussed in Sxs --- Activation Context, Binding, Policy and Probing is applicable.
4. After CreateProcess, the COM client calls CoCreateInstance (as an example), with a CLSID described in the managed COM server's sxs manifest.
5. COM asks Sxs if Sxs know anything about this CLSID.
6. Sxs looks up the current activation context, finds this CLSID, realizes this is defined for a managed COM server, and returns mscoree.dll as the inproc server.
7. COM loads mscoree.dll, and calls mscoree!DllGetClassObject with the CLSID.
8. Mscoree.dll loads mscorwks.dll (the CLR execution engine), and transfers the CLSID to mscorwks.dll.
9. Mscorwks.dll asks Sxs for information about this CLSID
10. Sxs finds the CLSID in the current activation context, retrieves its assembly identity, type name, among other information, and returns them to mscorwks.dll
11. Mscorwks.dll calls Assembly.Load() on the assembly identity. Once the assembly is loaded successfully, mscorwks.dll activates the type, and returns.
During this process, COM, Sxs and CLR cooperate very tightly to achieve the registration free COM interop scenario.
Sxs manifests for managed assemblies
Sxs manifests closely mirrors what RegAsm.exe puts into registry. In the current implementation, there are three categories:
1. CLR Classes
When RegAsm registers a CLR class, it writes the type name, assembly identity, threadingmodel, progid and runtimeversion. In the sxs manifests for managed assemblies, the following syntax can be used to describe CLR classes
 For managed types, the threadingModel has to be "Both". The runtimeVersion is the version of CLR used to build the assembly. For.Net framework, it will be "v1.0.3705" for 1.0, "v1.1.4322" for 1.1, and "v2.0.50727" for 2.0.
2. COM Imported types
TlbImp.exe can be used to generate a COM Interop assemblies for unmanaged COM Servers. For COM imported types, they will share the same CLSID as the unmanaged COM Servers. clrClass cannot be used for COM imported types. If the unmanaged COM Server has a sxs manifest, there will have two COM Servers with the same GUID but different names. This is illegal under COM rules. For this reason, during activation context creation, if sxs encounters two manifests declaring the same CLSID, sxs will fail the activation context creation. To avoid this problem, a new tag clrSurrogate is invented. When this element is encountered, Sxs will not fail the activation context creation if it finds another manifest declaring the same CLSID.
RegAsm only registers the assembly identity, the type name and the runtimeVersion for COM imported types. The following syntax can be used for COM imported types in sxs manifests:
 name="myImportType.testClass "
Clsid, name and runtimeVersion are the only attributes allowed in clrSurrogate element. Using any other element will cause a Sxs manifest parse error.
3. CLR Value types
Start from.Net framework 1.1, CLR supports exporting value types from managed assemblies for COM interop.
RegAsm registers CLR value types under HKCR\Record. It only registers assembly identity and type name. Since this is essentially the same information about COM imported types, the clrSurrogate element is re-used for value types.
 name="myValueTypes.testType "
4. Interop assemblies
For a fully registration free COM environment, everything has to be included in the transitive closure of sxs manifests. Since Interop assemblies depend on the underline unmanaged COM server, the unmanaged COM server needs to have a sxs manifest, and the sxs manifest of the interop assembly needs to declare the unmanaged COM server as a dependency.
There are two important components in activation path: Sxs and CLR. Each of them has their own deployment model. They are similar but with subtle difference. The deployment must satisfy the constraints of both components.
1. Assembly Identity
There are two assembly identities in the registration free COM Interop scenario: The managed assembly identity in the.Net assembly, and the native assembly identity in the sxs manifest. On activation, CLR retrieves the native assembly identity from SxS, then uses the same identity to find the managed assembly. This means,
the two assembly identities must be identical.
2. Binding Policies
Both SxS and CLR have their own binding policies. Each of them understands their own binding policies, but not the other one's binding policies. This has some interesting consequence.
For example, in.Net framework, an application references a v1 component. You can install v2 of the component, and use a binding policy to redirect v1 to v2. Now even v1 of the component does not exist on the machine, the application will run fine.
Not in registration free COM interop. SxS does not understand CLR policies. When the application declares that it depends on v1 of the component, SxS will search for sxs binding policies for the component (which does not exist), then try to find v1 of the component. Since v1 of the component does not exist, this will fail.
Thus, in registration free COM interop scenario, when you change a component, you need to either leave the old component in a place Sxs can find, or change the application manifest to point to the new component's identity, or add/change the sxs binding policy to redirect to the new component.
3. Deployment
There are essentially two probing happened per activation for each component. First Sxs will probe for the sxs dependencies, later CLR will probe for the managed assembly.
This means, the assembly must be discoverable for both Sxs and CLR.
Both Sxs and CLR have the concept of GAC (Sxs call it WinSxs) and Application Base. If Sxs and CLR have different Application Base, and the component is not in GAC, then one of them will fail to find the component. In that case, the only way to enable registration free COM interop is to install the component to GAC. Sxs understands GAC and will find the component in GAC.
4. Multi-AppDomain
Sxs' isolation boundary is Activation Context, while CLR's isolation boundary is AppDomain. There is no one-to-one relationship between Activation Context and AppDomain. When CLR queries information from Sxs, Sxs uses the current activation context. It is the developer's responsibility to transit to the right activation context before calling into COM.
Other frequently asked question about registration free COM interop
1. Registration free COM interop in classic ASP
You can enable Sxs assemblies in IIS6 on Windows Server 2003.
Unfortunately this does not work for registration free COM interop. This is due to constraint 3) discussed above: The application base for Sxs is the web application's directory, but the CLR application base for the default appdomain is the process directory (where w3wp.exe resides, typically %windir%\system32\inetsrv.). The workaround is to install the managed assembly to GAC.
2. Registration free COM interop in ASP.Net
This by default does not work either, due to constrain 4). But work can be done to enable this scenario.
Other Resources on Registration Free COM Interop
I come across the Side-By-Side Manifest Maker site when I search registration free COM interop in internet. This site has some very interesting discussion on the very topic, especially on the howto page. You may want to check it out.
Other references listed below.
Isolated Applications and Side-by-side Assemblies
.NET Framework Developer's Guide
Registration-Free COM Interop
Simplify App Deployment with ClickOnce and Registration-Free COM
COM activation, Registration Free COM activation, COM/.Net Interop, Registration Free COM/.Net Interop
Sxs --- Activation Context, Binding, Policy and Probing
Genman32 –


text:
Educators have many opportunities at the Visitor Education Center (VEC). Educational groups have taken advantage of the guided tours, programs, hands-on activities, contests, and workshops provided by the VEC.
For teachers planning a field trip, the facility offers activities and tours for all ages and abilities. The EDUCATORS' PLANNING PACKET is a resource for educators, providing a detailed description of tours and programs. This information packet also answers a list of "Teachers' Frequently Asked Questions" and provides a look into Enid Lake's recreational opportunities.
At the Visitor Education Center, educators of all grade levels and subject areas have participated in teacher workshops and obtained CEUs. For upcoming workshops see the CALENDAR page or email _EMAIL_.
Youth Art Contests
The NMFH VEC hosts Youth Art Contests through the Mississippi Wildlife, Fisheries, and Parks Foundation (MWFPF). From clay sculptures to oil paintings, young artists in four different age categories create illustrations of native Mississippi species. The winners in each category receive a certificate, and their work is proudly displayed at the Education Center and in the Mississippi Outdoors magazine.
Staff at the VEC have a combined total of 50+ years in the education and interpretive fields. These individuals are members of the following organizations:
National Association for Interpretation (NAI)
Aquatic Resources Education Alliance (AREA)
Mississippi Environmental Education Alliance (MEEA)
Association for Conservation Information (ACI)


text:
Wednesday, 10 July 2013
Bath City Farm 29th June and 6th July 2013
Nats/AWT 'Walks on the Wild Side' at Bath City Farm – experiences of light and shade,
Alan Rayner was joined by Bath Nats members, Alan Feest and Kathie Souter and Avon Wildlife Trust 'Communities and Nature' Project Officer, Matt Harcourt, for the first two of a series of four walks at Bath City Farm intended to engage the local community in 'the nature on their doorstep'.
On 29th June, on an appropriately warm, sunny afternoon, the theme was a 'walk in a sunny spot', and we were pleased to be joined spontaneously by a group of around a dozen members of the public, both young and older. Alan Rayner introduced the session by inviting us to consider the opportunities and hazards of living in a sunny place by thinking about how it feels for us personally to be exposed to bright sunlight. Everyone quickly recognized that the sun's warming and energizing influence also brings with it risks of drying out, overheating and damage by ultra-violet radiation. Life forms therefore find diverse ways of both 'capitalizing on the opportunity for growth' ('making hay while the sun shines') and balancing this with the need to protect from over-exposure by means of suitable 'clothing' (e.g. light-reflecting hairs), 'cooling' (e.g. by evaporation of 'sweat') 'chemistry' (e.g. production of the dark pigment, melanin, to provide a 'sun tan') and 'behaviour change' (altering body profile so as to minimize exposed surface).
With these thoughts at the back of our minds, we ventured out from the shelter of the Farm's training room, and were immediately greeted by a stand of grasses and other plants, including meadow crane's-bill and tufted vetch, gently swaying in the breeze. We spent some while identifying up to a dozen or so different kinds of grass, delighting in their diversity of form and evocative common names (Cat's Tail; Cock's Foot; Soft Brome, etc), which came as a surprise for several of us. A few sweeps with a net revealed some of the variety of buzzing, hopping, fluttering insect inhabitants making themselves at home within the swaying plant architecture.
Moving on, we came across some shrivelled growths of silver moss and beard moss nestling in the gaps between stones in a tarmac drive…and resurrected these into greenery with a refreshing spray of moisture. Then we examined the mosaic of lichens growing on some apple trees, using lenses to bring us closer to their coralline growth forms. As I often find, these close encounters with life forms that most of us don't stop to notice as we busily bustle past them daily, brought much fascination and wonder.
Finally, having paused to examine the extraordinary tendrils of some white bryony climbing a hawthorn shrub, we entered a meadow where we paused to enjoy the panoramic views of Bath, the fly-pasts of birds, butterflies, bees and hoverflies and the 'stripy pyjamas' of 'Yorkshire fog'. The song of a dunnock was identified, followed obligingly by the bird's appearance on a branch at the top of a shrub. Ninety minutes had passed very rapidly.
On 6th July, we gathered on a hot afternoon for a 'walk in a shady spot', which seemed a 'cool' enough theme, but on this occasion sadly were not joined by any members of the public. This gave us pause to reflect on the difficulties of sharing our knowledge and enthusiasm with other people, and how and why these difficulties arise. But it didn't entirely stop us from enjoying ourselves and rehearsing what we would have pointed out, given the chance!
We made our way quickly through the sunlit upper meadow towards the woodland at its far margin. We stopped just short of the woodland, feeling the meadow's heat and noticing the way we were observing its inhabitants (mostly by 'looking down our noses' at them!) before continuing into the shade where we experienced and noted a radical shift in our feeling and attitude. We were now 'amongst', not 'above' the local residents! We felt a decrease in temperature and an increase in humidity. Our screwed up eyes relaxed and opened wide to take in the darkened scene. We noticed a sun-fleck in the darkness, illuminated through a gap in the tree canopy, where large numbers of flying insects swirled like bright fairies, and speckled wood butterflies danced. We reflected on how the leaves of wood false brome had a twist at their base, enabling them to be held out horizontally and 'topsy-turvy', with glistening green bottom surface uppermost. We took in the contrast between lobed and diamond-shaped leaves respectively on the climbing and flowering stems of ivy. We sensed the decaying wood around and above us and examined some of the fungi responsible. We recognised how the decay provided habitat for a huge variety of inhabitants as well as fungi. We walked through the avenue of majestic, 150-year-old beech and sycamore trees before emerging back into brightly lit meadow, which we crossed to reach another stand of mature beech trees, where we marvelled at the huge canopy that one hollowed out specimen could still support. We considered the ecological significance of such hollow trees, and how and why attitudes towards them have changed with deeper understanding in recent decades. Ninety minutes had passed very rapidly.
Posted by steve curtis at 9:57:00 pm


text:
An air bubble of volume 21 cm3 is at the bottom of a lake 40 m deep where the temperature is 3.0°C. The bubble rises to the surface, which is at a temperature of 25°C. Take the temperature of the bubble to be the same as that of the surrounding water. What is the volume of the bubble just as it reaches the surface?
Answer in cm^3


Related to hall: Hall of Fame
(you) can't fight city hall
cliché You cannot defeat or prevail over a bureaucratic system or its rules. You might as well pay those parking tickets now because you'll never win in court. You can't fight city hall, after all.
See also: city, fight, hall
go fight city hall
One cannot defeat or prevail over a bureaucratic system or its rules (despite the connotation of the phrase as an encouragement of action). Good luck fighting those parking tickets—you might as well go fight city hall!
See also: city, fight, go, hall
(You) can't fight city hall.
Fig. There is no way to win in a battle against a bureaucracy. Bill: I guess I'll go ahead and pay the tax bill. Bob: Might as well. You can't fight city hall. Mary: How did things go at your meeting with the zoning board? Sally: I gave up. Can't fight city hall.
See also: city, fight, hall
can't fight City Hall
Unable to overcome bureaucratic rules, as in Brad couldn't get a permit without going through channels-you can't fight City Hall! This term transfers the seat of city government to a more general sense of bureaucracy in any sphere. [Mid-1800s]
See also: city, fight, hall
You can't fight city hall
sent. You cannot fight a bureaucracy. You can't fight city hall. Pay the parking ticket and forget it.
See also: city, fight, hall
can't fight City Hall, one/you/they
An ordinary person cannot overcome bureaucracy. The term is American in origin, for it is mainly in the United States that the seat of a city government is called City Hall (and has been since the late seventeenth century). The idea of combating the city bureaucracy is believed to date from the nineteenth century, when Tammany Hall was a powerful political machine that controlled the New York Democratic Party and, in effect, the city government.
See also: city, fight, one
you can't fight City Hall
See can't fight city hall.
See also: city, fight, hall
go fight city hall
The futility of challenging entrenched politicians or establishment. Although sounding like a call to action, the phrase means that any effort to succeed against bureaucracy is doomed to failure. It was popularized, although not coined, in the book Go Fight City Hall by Ethel Rosenberg, who with her husband Julius was later executed after being convicted of spying for Russia.
See also: city, fight, go, hall
See also:
References in classic literature?
The evening passed in song and laughter, and when darkness fell the Danes lay down to rest in the hall as of old.
"Jim Hall," said Judge Scott, and father and son looked significantly at each other.
"Now, listen; I'm going to teach you something," Hall commanded, a large round rock poised in his hand above the abalone meat.
So easily and smoothly had Dempsey and the board done their preliminary work that many in the hall had not noticed the checking of the fascinating O'Sullivan's social triumph.
The old Palais would be standing still, with its ancient grand hall; I should be able to say to the reader, "Go and look at it," and we should thus both escape the necessity,--I of making, and he of reading, a description of it, such as it is.
They passed through the hall and the small oak parlour, on the table of which stood the three tumblers and the empty rum-bottle which had served for Sir Pitt's carouse, and through that apartment into Sir Pitt's study, where they found Miss Horrocks, of the guilty ribbons, with a wild air, trying at the presses and escritoires with a bunch of keys.
"It is out of my power to send you to Redwood Hall at once," she resumed.
Pearl accordingly ran to the bow-window, at the further end of the hall, and looked along the vista of a garden walk, carpeted with closely-shaven grass, and bordered with some rude and immature attempt at shrubbery.
If he will adopt these regulations, in seven years he will be clear; and I hope we may be able to convince him and Elizabeth, that Kellynch Hall has a respectability in itself which cannot be affected by these reductions; and that the true dignity of Sir Walter Elliot will be very far from lessened in the eyes of sensible people, by acting like a man of principle.
In a hall, the height of which was greatly disproportioned to its extreme length and width, a long oaken table, formed of planks rough-hewn from the forest, and which had scarcely received any polish, stood ready prepared for the evening meal of Cedric the Saxon.
Braithwaite that I was dining at the hall. She was busy cooking, and I felt prepared for her unpleasant expression; but she showed no annoyance at my news.


Welch's t test
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
In statistics, Welch's t-test (or Welch-Aspin Test) is a two-sample location test, and is used to check the hypothesis that two populations have equal means. Welch's t-test is an adaptation of Student's t-test, and is intended for use when the two samples have possibly unequal variances.[1] These tests are often referred to as "unpaired" or "independent samples" t-tests, as they are typically applied when the statistical units underlying the two samples being compared are non-overlapping. Welch's t-test is an approximate solution to the Behrens–Fisher problem. It is sometimes referred to as the "Two-sample unpooled t-test for unequal variances" but "Welch's t-test" is preferred for brevity.
Welch's t-test defines the statistic t by the following formula:
t \quad = \quad {\; \overline{X}_1 - \overline{X}_2 \; \over \sqrt{ \; {s_1^2 \over N_1} \; + \; {s_2^2 \over N_2} \quad }}\,
where \overline{X}_{i}, s_{i}^{2} and N_{i} are the ith sample mean, sample variance and sample size, respectively. Unlike in Student's t-test, the denominator is not based on a pooled variance estimate.
The degrees of freedom \nu associated with this variance estimate is approximated using the Welch–Satterthwaite equation:
\nu \quad \approx \quad
 {{\left( \; {s_1^2 \over N_1} \; + \; {s_2^2 \over N_2} \; \right)^2 } \over
 { \quad {s_1^4 \over N_1^2 \nu_1} \; + \; {s_2^4 \over N_2^2 \nu_2 } \quad }}
Here \nu_i = N_i-1, the degrees of freedom associated with the ith variance estimate.
Statistical test[edit]
Once t and \nu have been computed, these statistics can be used with the t-distribution to test the null hypothesis that the two population means are equal (using a two-tailed test), or the alternative hypothesis that one of the population means is greater than or equal to the other (using a one-tailed test). In particular, the test will yield a p-value which might or might not give evidence sufficient to reject the null hypothesis.
This method also does not give exactly the nominal rate, but is generally not too far off.[citation needed] However, if the population variances are equal, or if the samples are rather small and the population variances can be assumed to be approximately equal, it is more accurate to use Student's t-test.[2]
Software implementations[edit]
As this is a widely used method, there are implementations in common statistical packages.
Language/Program Function Notes
Python scipy.stats.ttest_ind(a, b, axis=0, equal_var=False) See [1]
R t.test(data1, data2, alternative="two.sided", var.equal=FALSE) See [2]
See also[edit]
 1. ^ Welch, B. L. (1947). "The generalization of "Student's" problem when several different population variances are involved". Biometrika 34 (1–2): 28–35. doi:10.1093/biomet/34.1-2.28. MR 19277.
 2. ^ Daniel Borcard, Lecture Note Appendix: t-test with Welch correction, excerpt from Legendre, P. and D. Borcard. Statistical comparison of univariate tests of homogeneity of variances.
Further reading[edit]


text:
- Author: Janet Byron
Managing crop residues to essentially make them disappear has been the norm in California agriculture.
But a growing body of research, and experience with conservation tillage on thousands of acres of Central Valley farmland, is showing that reducing tillage and leaving crop residues on the soil surface can improve water use efficiency.
"Crop residues are an inevitable feature of agriculture," Jeffrey Mitchell, cropping systems specialist in the Department of Plant Sciences, UC Davis, wrote in the April-June 2012 issue of California Agriculture journal. "Because no harvest removes all material from the field, the remaining plant matter accumulates and is typically returned to the soil through a series of mixing and incorporating operations involving considerable tractor horsepower, an array of tillage implements and cost."
Conservation tillage is a suite of low-impact cultivation practices that includes leaving crop residues on the soil surface and planting new crops on top, significantly decreasing the number of tractor passes needed to prepare fields for planting. In turn, growers reduce their fuel, labor and maintenance costs, and less dust and pollution gets into the air.
In two field studies conducted at the UC West Side Research and Extension Center in Five Points, no-tillage and standard tillage operations were compared in a corn/wheat rotation. Mitchell and colleagues found that 0.89 and 0.97 inches more water was retained in the no-tillage soil than in the tilled soil.
And in three field studies on crop residue coverage, about 0.56, 0.58 and 0.42 inches more water was retained in residue-covered soil than in bare soil following 6 to 7 days of overhead sprinkler irrigation. The full study results are published in the April-June 2012 California Agriculture journal.
The authors estimated that coupling no-tillage with practices that preserve high residues on the soil surface can reduce evaporative losses during the summer by about 4 inches (13 percent), assuming a seasonal evapotranspiration demand of 30 inches.
In widespread use in other regions of the country, conservation tillage practices appear to be catching on in California. In surveys conducted by Sustainable Conservation and the UC Conservation Agriculture Systems Initiative, the amount of farmland under conservation tillage statewide grew by nearly 20 percent between 2008 and 2010, to about 1 million acres.
Mitchell and colleagues warn that a number of practical factors must be addressed before a wholesale transformation to no-tillage, residue-preserving production can be envisioned in California: "These include the relative ease with which a farm's existing cropping mix might be converted to no-till, the need for and cost of new equipment and the learning curve for new management practices."


text:
The following calibration devices are available:
- Calibration swing arm
- White light source (mounted at calibration swing arm)
- Diode source (mounted at calibration swing arm)
The following options make sense for controlling the calibration devices:
- The intuitive location because the OSS TCS subsystem is responsible for swing arms in general.
- All instruments are able to use the calibration devices via TCS.
- The TCS software engineers are forced to write low-level device drivers
- The Arbitrator provides a central interface for accessing the calibration devices. It is possible to have a ICE interface to maximize accessibility.
- The Arbitrator coordinates the calibration devices.
- The arbitrator uses proven low-level device drivers.
- The Argos workstation with the Arbitrator needs to be powered up.
- It is mandatory that one Arbitrator runs for every telescope side.
Calibration Subsystem CAL
- The calibration subsystem CAL will have a similar state machine like the other subsystems like LAS and LGSW.
- The calibration subsystem can provide via an ICE interface access to the devices for other instruments.
- No Argos Arbitrator is mandatory.
- The other instruments must get to know the subsystem state machine.
- The Argos software engineers will spend a lot of time to write this subsystem.
- It is required that the Argos workstations are powered up.
Direct Access To The Devices
- No supervisor program is necessary, i.e. no programming work for Argos software engineers. Other instrument groups can find the manuals for writing low-level drivers on this wiki.
- Every instrument group is forced to develop low-level drivers by their own.


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The shape of the American football derived from the shape of the rugby ball, a European sport from which football was based. The rugby ball got its shape because in the days before rubber, other natural materials had to be used that could be inflated and hold the air in. The material used for early rugby balls was a pig's bladder, which is about twice as long as it is wide. The football was later tweaked to the American style of play, but it kept a piece of its origins with the nickname pigskin.
The exact term for the shape of an American football and a rugby ball is prolate spheroid, even though the two balls are of different design, today. A prolate spheroid describes an object that is essentially round, but is longer than it is wide. Rugby was a sport that was imported to the United States in the mid 1800s. It began to be played at Ivy League universities in the 1860s.
By 1875, the rules had changed enough from those of rugby for football to be considered a separate sport, but the balls were made nearly the same with an inner bladder covered with an outer leather shell tied together with laces. Sometime in the 1860s, the pig's bladder was replaced by a leather or rubber bladder, and the ball gradually became more elongated so it could be carried more easily.
The American football has much more in common with the original rugby ball than does the modern rugby ball. Modern rugby balls are now made with synthetic materials, including plastic, polyester and latex. American footballs are still made of natural leather.
Today, the football is standardized for use by the NFL and the NCAA, but there is some slight variation. It is 11 to 11.5 inches long and has a center circumference of 28 to 28.5 inches. The ends are from 20.75 to 21.25 inches in diameter, and the ball weighs from 14 to 15 ounces. One difference between pro footballs and college footballs is that college balls have white lines painted halfway around each end. High school footballs have the white lines painted all the way around each end.
Posted 1102 day ago


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You are here: McMaster Institute for Music and the Mind > Publications > How Live Music Moves Us: Head Movement Differences in Audiences to Live Versus Recorded Music
Dana Swarbrick, Dan Bosnyak, Steven R Livingston, Jotthi Bansal, Susan Marsh Rollo, Matthew H Woolhouse, and Laurel J Trainor (2019)
Frontiers in Psychology, 9(2682).
A live music concert is a pleasurable social event that is among the most visceral and memorable forms of musical engagement. But what inspires listeners to attend concerts, sometimes at great expense, when they could listen to recordings at home? An iconic aspect of popular concerts is engaging with other audience members through moving to the music. Head movements, in particular, reflect emotion and have social consequences when experienced with others. Previous studies have explored the affiliative social engagement experienced among people moving together to music. But live concerts have other features that might also be important, such as that during a live performance the music unfolds in a unique and not predetermined way, potentially increasing anticipation and feelings of involvement for the audience. Being in the same space as the musicians might also be exciting. Here we controlled for simply being in an audience to examine whether factors inherent to live performance contribute to the concert experience. We used motion capture to compare head movement responses at a live album release concert featuring Canadian rock star Ian Fletcher Thornley, and at a concert without the performers where the same songs were played from the recorded album. We also examined effects of a prior connection with the performers by comparing fans and neutral-listeners, while controlling for familiarity with the songs, as the album had not yet been released. Head movements were faster during the live concert than the album-playback concert. Self-reported fans moved faster and exhibited greater levels of rhythmic entrainment than neutral-listeners. These results indicate that live music engages listeners to a greater extent than pre-recorded music and that a pre-existing admiration for the performers also leads to higher engagement.
live performance, motion capture, entrainment


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Since a topic can have multiple audiences, you can include multiple audience elements. For each audience you specify, you can identify the high-level task they are trying to accomplish with the _USER_ attribute, and the level of experience expected with the _USER_ attribute. The element can be used to provide a more detailed definition of values used throughout the map or topic on the _USER_ attribute.
Many of the attributes on the element have enumerated values, which can be restricted by using constraints or extended by using associated attributes. For instance, the _USER_ attribute can be used to extend the audience type enumeration.
See appendix for information about this element in OASIS document type shells.
For a command reference topic for experienced programmers, the following might be an appropriate indication of that audience:
The following attributes are available on this element: Universal attribute group and the attributes defined below.
- Indicates the kind of person for whom the content of the topic is intended. Note that this differs from the _USER_ attribute on many other DITA elements. Beginning with DITA 1.2, values in this attribute are not limited to a small number of choices; the following values were used in DITA 1.0 and DITA 1.1, and are still provided as sample values: user, purchaser, administrator, programmer, executive, services, other, and -dita-use-conref-target.
- Indicates an alternate audience type, when the type is not available in the _USER_ attribute value list. This value is used as the user-provided audience when the _USER_ attribute value is set to "other."
- Indicates the high-level task the audience for the topic is trying to accomplish. Different audiences might read the same topic in terms of different high-level tasks; for example, an administrator might read the topic while administering, while a programmer might read the same topic while customizing. Beginning with DITA 1.2, values in this attribute are not limited to a small number of choices; the following values were used in DITA 1.0 and DITA 1.1, and are still provided as sample values: installing, customizing, administering, programming, using, maintaining, troubleshooting, evaluating, planning, migrating, other, and -dita-use-conref-target.
- If the _USER_ attribute value is "other" the value of this attribute is used to identify a kind of job other than the default ones provided by the _USER_ attribute.
- Indicates the level of experience the audience is assumed to possess. Different audiences might have different experience levels with respect to the same topic; for example, a topic might require general knowledge from a programmer, but expert knowledge from a user. Beginning with DITA 1.2, values in this attribute are not limited to a small number of choices; the following values were used in DITA 1.0 and DITA 1.1, and are still provided as sample values: novice, general, expert, and -dita-use-conref-target.


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Reading Grid References
X and Y Axis
Teacher Activity: Learning how to create your own grid.
- Measure your X and Y axis with a ruler.
- Divide the length of your X axis evenly, e.g. if the length is 10 cm you will repeat a grid line every 1 cm.
- With your ruler mark every increment on the top of your paper.
- Do the same with the other side of your grid.
- Repeat steps 2,3 and 4 with the Y axis.
- Join the lines up neatly. This needs to be done with a ruler!
- Add your grid reference numbers for both axes.
Identify the co-ordinates
Identifying co-ordinates of maps.
Using a key
Creating a key
- Look at the map of the forrest below.
- Find the grid references for items listed on the right of the map.
- On the map there are a number of symbols. Create a key that identifies the symbols.
A Compass Rose
Directions with a compass rose.
Activity: In you maths books follow the instructions.


text: To many, the principal–agent model is the obvious lens through which executive pay should be viewed. Such a sentiment sits uncomfortably with a large number of empirical studies suggesting that the process of determining executive pay seems to be more readily explained by recourse to arguments of managerial power and influence. This article investigates the micro-underpinnings of boardroom behavior in order to explain this departure from principal–agency theory's argument that executive compensation serves to align interests between the owners of the company and its senior managers. We find that there are strong interaction effects among social influence variables and the social setting of boardroom activity. Generous pay awards, bearing only a weak connection to corporate performance, are explained in the context of the social psychology of the boardroom. These results and a review of the empirical research, suggest the need for a more comprehensive model of executive compensation that incorporates both economic and psychological determinants.


text: Scott?s painting was inspired by Edmund Spencer?s sixteenth-century poem 'The Faerie Queen?. In the poem, Una is the beautiful young daughter of a king and queen who have been imprisoned by a ferocious dragon. Una undertakes a quest to free her parents, but on her journey she encounters a fierce lion. The lion is so captivated by Una?s innocence and beauty that he abandons his plan to eat her, and vows instead to become her protector and companion. Scott shows Una gently resting her fingers in the lion?s terrific mane, as they make their way through the autumnal wood together. This painting was exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1860, but Scott returned to the picture much later in his life and retouched various parts, including Una?s face and dress.


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Since its inception, FAO has played an active role in forestry education and training. In 1956, a permanent group of experts in this field was established as a statutory body of the Organization, which from 1964 to 1997 was replaced by the FAO Advisory Committee on Forestry Education (ACFE). This Committee played an important role in the creation and strengthening of forestry education and training institutions in developing countries, and in fostering international cooperation in this field. Unfortunately, the Committee was abolished in 1997.
The Rabat expert consultation on forestry education (FAO, 2001) provided useful guidance in shaping the activities of FAO and member countries towards improving forestry education programmes and equipping foresters with the knowledge, abilities and attitudes necessary to ensure sustainable management of the world's forests for present and future generations. The consultation recognized the importance of regional networks of forestry education institutions and FAO decided to work together more closely with the existing networks. In this context, FAO invited the African Network for Agroforestry Education (ANAFE) and the Southeast Asian Network for Agroforestry Education (SEANAFE) to design and implement a survey on forestry education in Africa south of the Sahara and in Southeast Asia.
This document describes the trends in forestry education and training in Sub-Saharan Africa and South East Asia over the ten-year period from 1993 to 2002. The final chapters are dedicated to the lessons learned, recommendations and conclusions.
FAO is hoping that cooperation with regional and subregional networks will enhance the much needed exchanges of information and perspectives, and the discussion on global issues related to forestry education.
Forestry Policy and Institutions Service


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The Framing Effect — Influence Purchase Decisions with 'Framing'
July 29, 2011 4 Comments
We tend to think that we are logical creatures, that we make rational decisions based on the information that is available to us. But the reality is that all human beings have common biases that can lead to poor judgment and irrational decisions. These inherent biases that influence our thinking are what psychologists refer to as cognitive biases.
There are a number of different cognitive biases that influence our thinking. Confirmation Bias involves the tendency to seek out information that supports our own preconceived notions. The Bandwagon Effect describes the tendency to act or think a specific way because other people do. The cognitive bias that I'll be looking at here today is framing.
Framing describes that our choices depend on how the problem is presented, the way the question is "framed". Let's look at a classic set of experiments on framing:
Participants were offered two alternative solutions for 600 people affected by a hypothetical deadly disease:
- Option A saves 200 people's lives
- Option B has a 1/3 chance of saving all 600 people and a 2/3 possibility of saving no one
72% of participants chose option A.
They offered the same scenario to another group of participants, but worded differently:
- If option C is taken, then 400 people die
- If option D is taken, then there is a 1/3 chance that no people will die and a 2/3 probability that all 600 will die
However, in this group, 78% of participants chose option D (equivalent to option B)
The above experiment explains the very essence of framing. The two groups favored different options because of the way the options were presented. The first set of participants were given a positive frame (emphasis on lives saved), whereas the second set were given a negative frame (emphasis on lives lost).
Marketers and business owners can influence purchase decisions by the way they frame their offers. Here are some ways to apply this idea of framing:
Percentages and Absolute Numbers
In his blog Neuromarketing, Roger Dooley examines the effects of using percentages versus real numbers. It's the difference between saying:
- 90% of customers are satisfied with our service.
- 9 out of 10 customers are satisfied with our service.
Real numbers tend to have a much stronger impact on people. Conversely, if you must present negative information, use percentages for a lesser impact. "Only 1% of our products have a defect" does'nt sound nearly as bad as "1 out of every one hundred products have a defect".
Break it Down
Breaking down the cost for the product in terms of pennies or dollar per day will make your product much more appealing to consumers. 83¢ per day for a gym membership sure sounds more feasible than $25 a month.
Conversely, sometimes it is beneficial to aggregate a cost. For example, $400 for an espresso machine sounds like a large investment when presented with no framing. However, it is much more feasible when you compare it to the aggregated yearly cost of visiting Starbucks. (i.e. $800)
Research shows that price format can also influence a purchase decision. A paper put out by the Harvard Business School compared all-inclusive pricing (e.g., the price of a TV is $500 including shipping) versus partitioned pricing (e.g., the price of a TV is $490 and shipping is $10). They found that price format is an effective way to shift attention from one type of component (the actual price of the TV) to another (the great deal on shipping)
If you enjoyed this article, you may be interested in some others from the Understanding Customer Thinking series:


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Latest Study on Retention – No New Information
New study consistent with prior research on retention.
A new study, from the Public Policy Institute of California (PPIC) Early Grade Retention and Student Success: Evidence from Los Angeles, has some public officials wondering if it is time to revisit the practice of retention.
Retention is the name given to the practice of repeating an entire grade level. According to the study, having students repeat a year in the early grades helped numerous failing students reach proficiency in math and English.
The study reports that 41 percent of those retained reached full proficiency in math and 18 percent in English Language Arts (ELA). These percentages represented significant increases over the recorded proficiency levels of these students prior to repeating their year: 6 percent in math, and only 1 percent in ELA. Ultimately, the researchers insist that blanket school district policies prohibiting retention are misguided and that the practice might be more cost-effective in certain instances than ongoing interventions.
While this may seem to be news and ultimately positive support for the practice, the fact is that this latest study is consistent with prior findings. Repeating material has always been a method for helping students increase their proficiency.
The issue is that retention does not fix a fundamental issue – some students are much slower learners than others. Give these slower learners more time and they will demonstrate positive gains over time.
But unfortunately the issue of pacing remains an issue for these learners. Students who attend summer school or repeat a grade will demonstrate greater levels of proficiency entering the new school year. And when asked to perform the tasks that they have been practicing will generally match the performances of their peers.
But the discrepancies soon begin anew when the teacher begins covering new material. Unless the retained students are given additional time, they soon begin to lag behind their peers, once again unable to match the pace of their on-grade classmates. Not too surprisingly, at year's end the slower learners demonstrate lower levels of proficiency than their peers.
Therefore, the practice of retention has little in the way of lasting educational benefits for the students being held back. One or even a second additional year does not "fix" these students, especially if the teacher continues to utilize similar instructional techniques.
Furthermore, the negative impacts of retention on the social development and self-esteem of youngsters is well-documented. Retained students have higher dropout rates, increased behavior problems and greater absenteeism.
According to educational researcher Linda Darling-Hammond, the social issues are easily understood. Ultimately, most retained students begin to get discouraged with school and over time, give up on themselves as learners.
Sadly, in the standards era, retention is once again being used by school districts. In some cases liberally. And the latest study that offers some short term gains will likely allow those already implementing the practice to continue to use it.
But of course, retention, in and of itself, is simply not the answer. Instead, schools need to find ongoing answers for dealing with the slow learner.
In all fairness, additional ongoing interventions that seek to help slow learners remain with their grade peers often prove more costly monetarily than simply retaining individual students. But given the overall negative impact of retention long-term, investing in rigorous, ongoing intervention is the right way to ensure children make appropriate progress, socially as well as academically.


Waste Face Masks - 2 Pack
2. Sand Cloud
Sand Cloud is an organization dedicated to turning recycled plastic into great-quality products. They take single-use plastic and are able to make incredible items such as towels, shirts, reusable water bottles, and so much more! Their goal is to reduce plastic pollution and save marine life. Not only are they creating high-quality sustainable items from recycled plastic, but a percentage of their profits also go into Marine Conservation. Learn more about their goal and shop their products on their website!
Picture taken from _URL_ Article is about the Lush's shark campaign and what they have done to help save the sharks.
3. Lush
Lush is one of the more mainstream sustainable brands. However, their environmental involvement is usually overlooked due to their popularity. They focus on being as plastic-free as possible and tend to package most of their products in reusable materials. Not only that, but they often focus on specific issues, such as saving sharks, and have articles educating people about issues happening all around the world. Learn more about their _TAG_ campaign here.
Click the link to learn more about their website and switch to supporting their cruelty-free, vegan, environmentally-friendly products! _URL_
Photo from the Coral Gardeners Website: _URL_
4. Coral Gardeners
Although this isn't necessarily a brand that you can support, this organization's motive is so important and deserves to be shared. A prominent issue in the environment is the global death of coral reefs, which are extremely important to the environment. This organization is dedicated to educating others about the importance of coral reefs as well as trying to save them. You can get involved by actually adopting one! Click the link to adopt your own coral reef and the organization will be dedicated to taking care and saving it.
5. The Dolphin Project
The Dolphin Project is an organization dedicated to saving the dolphins. They have articles educating others about what's happening to dolphins all around the world and are dedicated to saving as many dolphins as they can. They have a shop in which all proceeds go back to the organization and its goals. Click the link to shop their store and contribute to their project, and visit their site to learn more about them!
6. Ecosia
Ecosia is a free, legit, and safe search engine that uses its profits to focus on deforestation. It isn't necessary somewhere to spend your money to support the environment, but by switching to this search engine rather than using Google, Bing, etc., you could contribute to the important focus on deforestation. Ecosia has already helped plant over 70 million trees since its founding in 2009. Click the link to learn more about Ecosia and switch to using them as your main search engine.
7. Eco-Youth
Donating is one of the easiest things that some of us can do to make an impact on the environment, and even a small donation can go a long way. While there are endless places to donate to, we are one of the most trustworthy! Click the link to join the fight and donate to our gofundme where the money will directly be located into making our communities more eco-friendly!
The Impact of COVID-19 on the Environment
Coronavirus: What providers, patients should know | Health.mil
After being stuck at home for several months due to the outbreak of the COVID-19 virus, it's been hard to focus on the drastic impact that the virus has had on the environment. There have been several social media posts spiraling throughout the internet, but it may be hard to truly grasp what's happening. From an initial glance, it may seem that the indirect impact of COVID-19 has been nothing but positive; however, the virus has impacted the climate in several different ways.
Positive Outcome on Environment
The outbreak of the virus has globally kept people at home since nearly the beginning of March, and in some areas, people have been stuck at home since the start of 2020. As a result, environmental pollution has been reduced to nearly 30%. Reduction in pollution has had many positive effects on air quality, water quality, and several other areas. Images depicting the before and after effects of quarantine on the canals of Italy have virtually gone viral, illustrating just how it only took a few months of minimal human activity to not only increase the quality of the water but also bring back wildlife. The improvement of water quality and cleanliness has been a global trend since the beginning of quarantine, and lakes have particularly been doing well due to the lockdown of businesses and reduced activity.
Deserted Venetian lagoon | Italy's efforts to limit the spre… | Flickr
Credited to European Space Agency, contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2019-20), processed by ESA.
Not only has the quality of water been improving, but air quality and overall air pollution have also been doing well. The decrease in human activity as a result of quarantine has caused a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. Global warming is one of the planet's greatest threats, with the most prominent cause being the emissions of greenhouse gasses into the atmosphere. With an increase in the reduction of mobility, transportation through means of fossil fuel burning vehicles, such as cars, have also been reduced. As of 2018, transportation vehicles emit up to about 30% of all greenhouse gasses into the atmosphere. Not only transportation but the reduction of human activity, in general, has resulted in the reduction of nearly 6% of global greenhouse gas emissions, as well as a decrease in pollutant gas emissions.
The reduction of pollution due to quarantine has had several indirect effects of areas outside of the climate. As previously stated, better water quality and cleaner bodies of water are allowing more animals to find shelter and food in areas that were once polluted. Another indirect effect is the impact that clean air and better air quality has had on the planet. A study conducted by researchers at Yale School of Medicine shows that in China, improvement in the quality of air has prevented thousands of pollution-related deaths in premature babies. An estimated 12,125 premature deaths were avoided because of the better air quality, as of May 4.
Negative Impacts of COVID-19
Levels of environmental pollution have gone down due to quarantine, and areas such as beaches are beginning to clear up due to lack of tourists and visitors. However, there have been increases in inorganic waste. Quarantine has increased the demand for online shopping and at-home delivery, which has in turn increased both organic and inorganic waste generated by households. Medical waste is also slowly becoming a greater issue as used masks and gloves are beginning to pollute the streets and certain hospitals are producing a significantly greater amount of medical waste due to the surge of patients and higher demand.
The most harmful effect that COVID-19 will have on the environment would likely come afterward. The positive changes that have been seen in the environment are unfortunately temporary, and as more and more people grow restless at home and begin going out again, not only will these positive changes go back to the way they previously were, but they could potentially be worse. With the focus being on the attempt to end the current pandemic, funding and financial support is being transferred from environment-related organizations. The current administration is aggressively pushing to reduce funding in necessary areas, and has successfully "suspended enforcement of air and water pollution regulations, curtailed states' ability to block energy projects, and suspended a requirement for environmental review and public input on new mines, pipelines, highways, and other projects." (National Geographic) The effects of this lack of funding and an increase in greater human activity as the pandemic becomes less of a threat could be catastrophic on the climate. We need to use this unfortunate situation as a wakeup call. After years of warnings about the dangers of climate change, it took a global pandemic to see a positive impact on the environment. We need to continue to fight for a better future because the long term impact that the virus could have on the environment could be more disastrous than ever.