The Small Folkenchanting, holistic play, celebrating a naturally simplified childhood
watercolour paints - set of 6
watercolour paints - set of 6
watercolour paints - set of 6
The Stockmar Paint Basic Assortment provide the basics for mixing a comprehensive colour wheel. Three cool primary colours and three warm primary colours - carmine red, vermillion, golden yellow, lemon yellow, ultramarine blue and prussian blue.
Stockmar watercolour paints are known for their excellent clarity natural transparency light-resistance and scumbling properties. The colour range follows the extended version of Goethe's "Theory of Colours'. Each tone has been adjusted so that it can be mixed well with the others. Harmonious intermediate gradations and boundary-less colour blending are also possible when using the wet-on-wet technique.
They can be used with all usual watercolouring techniques. Stockmar watercolours are ideal for transparent painting and when mixed with white can be used for non-transparent painting. They are produced from gum arabic and the finest light-resistant colour pigments have a very high yield-value and remain completely water-soluble when dry. The colour tones have been chosen so that they can be mixed to yield all intermediate shades without losing their brilliance and intensity..
Tried and tested in art education at school and kindergarten these non-toxic paints are long-lasting and remain completely water-soluble when dry.
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WindTracker and WindLogger comparison / difference
LeWL WindLogger Vs WindTracker
Logic Energy's WindLogger (LeWL) and WindTracker are compact, self-contained and robust loggers both designed for wind data collection and recording. They are used for small scale wind turbine site assessment up to around 15 metres hub height. The devices are broadly similar in function, but differ in terms of:
- Wind data calculation and manipulation
- Wind data recording and presentation
The WindLogger can be configured for different recording intervals and anemometers, and gives a complete timestamped data set for use in analysis software. The WindLogger comes with simple report and analysis software and spreadsheet, but other analysis software can also be used.
The main features are:
- Recording intervals of 1 minute or 10 minutes.
- Records data for 2 anemometers (speed) and 1 wind vane (direction).
- Time-stamped data for each interval includes average, maximum, and standard deviation of wind speed; average wind direction; and internal temperature.
- Data stored on SD memory card in standard CSV data file, suitable for import into spreadsheet or wind analysis software.
- Logger comes with SD card, and contains setup software, user guide and analysis tools.
- Logger can be configured from PC using a setup utility or serial port terminal.
The WindTracker is a simple but effective wind data logger that requires very little setup and allows you to generate a wind data report with minimum effort.
The main features are:
- Measures speed and direction for 1 anemometer and 1 wind vane.
- Continuously samples speed/direction. Updates internal statistics each hour.
- Writes current data to SD memory card on demand (insert the card to get new data). Each wind report contains a summary of the site wind profile for the entire monitoring period.
- Wind data summary is stored in a compact file that can be uploaded to the wind report generator on the Logic Energy website to create a graphical wind report.
- Wind report data includes:
- Average wind speed.
- Wind Speed Frequency Distribution – shows how often the wind speed wind reaches specific values (12 speed bands/bins from 2 to 13+ m/s).
- Average wind direction for each wind speed band (based on 16 direction bins).
- WindTracker comes with SD memory card and contains instructions. SD card is just used to configure the device and collect wind data, and should not be permanently left in the device.
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Incorporating just transition strategies into developing and least developed countries climate policies
Building on research from previous Climate Strategies projects, this project aims to support governments of developing and least developed countries in developing and integrating just transition strategies in their climate policies.
Year: 2021 Current Project
 - Overview
 This multi-year project aims to deconstruct the perception that just transition (JT) is only for developed countries and to enable the introduction of just transition strategies into developing and least developed country climate plans aligning with development priorities and the commitments under the Paris Agreement. By building a better understanding and testing methodologies for how the just transition concept can be understood and achieved in domestic economies, our project will also address the global challenge of inequality in sustainable development. This will ultimately support formal and informal worker security across different sectors in the focus countries and beyond. The project will build on previous research in Ghana, Colombia and Indonesia, adding new insights from Vietnam, Kenya, Argentina, Laos, Malawi and Bangladesh.
 Just transition has been established by government parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC 1992) and the Paris Agreement (UNFCCC 2015) as a key socio-economic element of the policies and measures, encompassing interventions to secure workers' rights and communities' livelihoods. There has been relatively little translation and practical application of the just transition concept in developing countries, despite requirements for Paris-compatible policies and measures. There is now an urgent need to support developing country governments in utilising the just transition concept in the manner that is relevant to their circumstances, including why it is recommended to include in their climate policies and strategies, and how that could be achieved.
 - Outcomes
 - Key stakeholders across sectors to be engaged, informed and active participants in the development and implementation of JT commitments and strategies with governments.
 - Governments to have a clear understanding of the JT concept and principles, and how they can be applied in their specific contexts.
 - Ambitious, timely and locally relevant JT commitments to be included in domestic climate change policies and strategies.
 - Joint programmes to be agreed with donors and investors e.g., regional or MDBs.
 - JT commitments and related policies to be officially reported to the UNFCCC (e.g., through NDCs, biannual and ongoing reports).
 - Partners
 This project is lead by Climate Strategies, in partnership with Dala Institute (Indonesia), Fedesarollo (Colombia), the University of Ghana (Ghana). We will announce the research partners in Vietnam, Kenya, Argentina, Laos, Malawi and Pakistan shortly.
 The project is supported by the European Climate Foundation and Porticus Foundation.


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fur. Brushing their coat at least once a week will help remove any loose hair and keep their fur looking its best. Additionally, checking and cleaning their ears regularly is important to prevent any ear infections.
Trimming their nails is another important aspect of grooming to ensure their claws don't become too long and uncomfortable for them. Dental care is also necessary to maintain their oral health and prevent dental issues.
By following a regular grooming routine, seal mitted Ragdolls can maintain their regal appearance and keep their coat in optimal condition. Remember, while they may be low shedding, regular grooming is still necessary to keep their fur looking its best and to prevent any potential discomfort for your furry friend.


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My Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology says
imaginary animal invented by 'Lewis Carroll' (C.L. Dodgson) in 'The Hunting of the Snark', 1876.
Is that it? There's gotta be more to it than that! snark meaning "to snort" dates from 1866 according to the Online Etymology Dictionary, but I don't know the source of this. This easily predates 1875, when most of the poem was written (at least according to The Life of Lewis Carroll by Florence Becker Lennon, 1962).
Sources agree that snarky, meaning "crotchety, snappish" or "irritable or short-tempered; irascible", is derived from the verb snark "to annoy" or "to nag". The earliest citation for snarky is from Edith Nesbit in 1906.
1906 E. NESBIT Railway Children ii. 49 Don't be snarky, Peter. It isn't our fault.
Since words tend to show up in speech before they show up in writing, it is possible that snarky was around when Carroll wrote his poem. Or snark, for which the earliest citation is from 1882.
snark, 2. intr. and trans. To find fault (with), to nag. 1882 Jamieson's Sc. Dict. IV. 314/2 To Snark,..to fret, grumble, or find fault with one. 1904 E. NESBIT Phœnix & Carpet x. 185 He remembered how Anthea had refrained from snarking him about tearing the carpet.
There are two possible derivations for snark. According to Merriam-Webster, snark "to annoy" is perhaps an alternation of nark "to irritate". (More about nark below). The American Heritage Dictionary says of snarky: "From dialectal snark, to nag, from snark, snork, to snore, snort, from Dutch and Low German snorken, of imitative origin."
Fernando Soto, in The Consumption of the Snark and the Decline of Nonsense: A Medico-Linguistic Reading of Carroll's 'Fitful Agony' (in The Carrollian 8) mentions the word snarker "a cinder", as in "The cake's burnt to a snarker" (from The English Dialect Dictionary (vols. V), p. 572).
It's been long debated how LC came up with the word, it may be a portmanteau of shark & snail, perhaps "flavored" by a (collective) unconscious germanic memory?
There are many Germanic words containing the phonestheme snand having to do with the nose. Pokorny connects snorken with Proto-Indo-European *sner- "expressive root of various verbs for making noises". This is the source of German schnarren "to buzz", and also snorkel from German schnarchen "to snore", snarl from Middle Low German snarren, sneer, and perhaps Norn, from Old Norse (as in "the whisperer"). And also Norwegian-Swedish snerka "to snort", Swedish snurka "to groan", Old Norse snǫrgla "to groan", Norwegian-Swedish snarva "to growl, bare one's teeth".
There is also *snu-, a form limited to Germanic languages, and imitative of words connected with the nose. This apparently gives us snot, snout, schnoz, snuffle, sniff, snip, snap, snub, and snatch. To make things even more confusing, snore, snort and sneeze are from PIE *pneu- "to breathe" - Old English fnora and fnēosan. Compare Old Norse fnȳsa "to pant, sniff, snort", Middle High German pfnusen "to pant, sniff, snort, sneeze".
The snphonestheme could have influenced Carroll's choice, but unfortunately the poem is silent on the subject of the Snark's nose, and lacks any other snwords in connection with the Snark (altho the Bandersnatch's jaws "Went savagely snapping around").
The Urban Dictionary says of snark: "Combination of "snide" and "remark". Sarcastic comment(s)." But I'd trust the Urban Dictionary as far as I'd trust a very untrustworthy thing.
Now, nark. This is the other possible source of snark "to annoy", if it's not derived from snorken. Wordorigins has a good history of nark. The Oxford Dictionary of Modern Slang (1993) says (I'm omitting the first sense because it's "mainly Austral and NZ"):
2 Brit a A police informer or decoy. 1860-.
b A policeman. 1861-.
verb 3 trans. To annoy, exasperate; often in passive 1888-.
4 trans. To stop; mainly in imperative in the phr. nark it. 1889-.
6 intr. To complain, grumble. 1916-.
[From Romany nāk nose.]
Wordorigins points out that the derivation from Romani is problematic, but that it is the most likely one. Romani nāk would be related to Hindi नाक nāk, Prakrit ṇakka, and Sanskrit नर्क narka, all meaning "nose". Probably also Sindhi نَڪُ naku, Kashmiri नाख् nākh, Panjabi ਨੱਕ nakk, Gujarati નાક nāk.
According to Watkins, these are all from Indic *nakka-, an expressive form of PIE *nas- "nose", which makes nark cognate with nose! Compare Sanskrit नस् nas, Latin nāsum, German nüschen "to dig with the snout", English nose, nuzzle, Russian нюхать njuxat' "to snuffle, sniff, smell".
Snarkskii seems to be a Slavic surname, for which the American spelling might be Snarsky.
The Snark Avenue Theatre shows late-night movies in Daniel Pinkwater's novels The Snarkout Boys and the Avacado of Death and The Snarkout Boys and the Baconburg Horror. "Snarking out" means sneaking out in the middle of the night to watch movies. Also check out Lizard Music - no snarks, but a great book.
Nothing conclusive, so no conclusion.
Then the bowsprit got mixed with the rudder sometimes:
A thing, as the Bellman remarked,
That frequently happens in tropical climes,
When a vessel is, so to speak, "snarked."
Update: more snarkian etymology.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Over sixty thousand children help André Kuipers with "Seeds in Space"
André Kuipers will not have to manage all on his own in the International Space Station. The astronaut will have help from over sixty thousand children at primary and secondary schools. Together they will carry out the "Seeds in Space" experiment to examine the effects of light and gravity on plant growth.
The children, aged 11 to 13, will follow the "Young Scientists' Action Plan" in April. After following lessons about living in space, space research and plant growth, they will take part in the experiment by planting rucola (salad cress) seeds in two trays. One of these will be kept in the dark and the other will be exposed to light.
"Children are preparing for the spaceflight and the experiment in the same way as André Kuipers. On 19 April, they will be ready together for the launch", says Jasper Wamsteker, spokesman for the project's initiator, the Space Research Organisation Netherlands (SRON).
During his mission to the Space Station, André Kuipers will make contact twice via a televised link-up. On the first occasion, he will officially launch the "Seeds in Space" project. The second time, four days later, he will show his experiment in the Space Station. Participants on Earth will be able to compare this with their own experiment and draw initial conclusions about the effect of gravity on plant growth.
"Seeds in Space", financed by the Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science, has become an international experiment, as is shown by data from the Dutch Experiment Support Centre (DESC). In addition to over nine thousand children at secondary schools and over 52,000 at primary schools, three schools in the Netherlands Antilles and six thousand participants in Germany have registered for the project. Says Mr Wamsteker: "We thought that we would get a good reaction, but this exceeds our wildest expectations."
This week, at the Russian astronaut training centre known as Star City, André Kuipers will complete the final preparations for "Seeds in Space". He will rehearse all the procedures once more and look for the best place in the Space Station to plant the seeds. Kuipers is expecting it to be a great success: "This is a splendid way to introduce children to science. They will see that space research can be very exciting and great fun."


Different roles in fighing global warming
Updated: 2011-05-18 08:02
By Li Jing (China Daily)
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Most scientists believe that the increase in greenhouse gas emissions caused by human activities is a major cause of global warming. Unchecked carbon emission growth will lead to disastrous changes that threaten human welfare.
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Nearly 200 nations are trying to work out an agreement on methods to combat global warming, although negotiations are stalled. Whatever plan is eventually adopted is expected to be based on the universally accepted principle of "common but differentiated responsibilities".
Developed countries are responsible for about 80 percent of carbon emissions put into the atmosphere since industrialization, so they are urged to play a major role in curbing global emissions.
Their responsibilities, besides meeting quantative and legally binding carbon emission targets, also include providing financial and technological help for developing nations, so they can emit less carbon dioxide during their course of economic growth and urbanization.
Developing countries, which are still relatively poor, do not bear mandatory targets to mitigate their carbon emissions. However, they are asked to take domestic steps to slow the increase of their carbon footprints.
The European Union is the group of rich nations that are most active in tackling climate change, partly in a bid to keep their competitive edge on clean technologies. Other developed countries are moving quite slowly because reducing carbon emissions will mean sacrificing economic growth.
China, as a developing country, is exempted from the obligations to cut carbon emissions. Instead, it has set targets to reduce carbon intensity - the carbon emissions for each unit of economic growth.
China also faces increased international pressure because it has the world's second largest economy and is one of the world's top greenhouse gas emitters, although its per capita emissions are still quite low.
The song dynasty
There are MORE THAN 300 types of Chinese operas but two POPULAR varieties are major standouts
Sino-US Dialogue
Building communities
American architect John Portman and his company have developed more than 30 projects across China.
Refreshingly beautiful
V-Day parade
Revolutionary marriage


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I was "playing" on Project Euler and passed across the Collatz Problem, and it mentioned it was still unproven.
I immediately noticed two things:
 - After the $3n+1$ the result is always even, leading to $\frac{n}{2}$
 - $\frac{n}{2}$ is an trivial action, especially in a binary representation.
The first optimization that can be done is combining the $3n+1$ step with $\frac{n}{2}$.
$\frac{3n+1}{2} = 1.5n+0.5 = n+((0.5n)-0.5)+1$
Looking at the binary representation, $0.5n$ is simply $n$ bitshifted 1 position to the right.
We now focus on $n$ being an odd positive integer (as even numbers are always $2^x$ of an odd number).
Obtaining $((0.5n)-0.5)$ is easily done with the binary representation of $n$, by bitshifting $n$ to the right, and dropping the least significant bit. (Remember, $n$ is odd.)
We know full adders have a well known and well defined behaviour:
$S = A \oplus B \oplus C_{i}$
$C_{o} = majority(A, B, C_{i})$
Doing $n+((0.5n)-0.5)+1$ is implemented using a full adder where the input $B_{i}$ has been connected to $A_{i+1}$
alt text
Sorry for the confusion, but the $n$ on the in-/outputs is unrelated to the number $n$; it needs to be $i$. I will fix this in the image.
By definition, an odd binary number has always $1$ as the least significant bit, and obviously, a $1$ as the most significant bit. The $A_{i+1}$ input from the adder handling the most significant bit falls outside the $n$, and as a result, $0$.
$C_{0} = 1$
$A_{0} = 1$
$A_{i_{max}} = 1$
$A_{i_{max+1}} = 0$
After a complete run has been done, $\frac{n}{2}$ gets done if applicable, and the new $n$ gets fed to the calculator again.
Note that each time the length of the number grows on the most significant bit side, a "foreign" $0$ gets output to $S_{i_{max}}$.
$S_{i_{max}} = (1 \oplus 0 \oplus C_{i_{max-1}}) \neq C_{i_{max-1}}$
$C_{i_{max}} = majority(1, 0, C_{i_{max-1}}) = C_{i_{max-1}}$
$S_{i_{max}} \neq C_{i_{max}}$
(This also implies that $n$ never reaches a value in the form of ${2^x}-1$ after the initial value until it reaches $1$ because of the $0$ passed to the $B$ input for the most significant bit. As the only way not to output a $0$ for $S_{_{[msb]}}$ is to not receive a carry trough $C_{i_{[msb]}}$, which means there is at least an earlier bit with $0$ as value.)
But more importantly, when the first $0$ appears in $A_{1}$ will result in an $0$ to $S_{0}$ making the number even, and shrinking the number itself (by applying $\frac{n}{2}$).
$S_{0} = (1 \oplus 0 \oplus 1) = 0$
$C_{0} = majority(1, 0, 1) = 1$
Now, if it keeps finding an alternating bits of $1$'s and $0$'s, it keeps outputting $0$'s, and keeps the carry on. (This allows you to do $\frac{n}{2}$ several times in a row.)
Only if both $A_{i}$ and $A_{i+1}$ are $1$ again, it will start outputting $1$ on $S$.
If however, it encounters a $O$'s on both $A_{i}$ and $A_{i+1}$, the carry $C_{i}$ will will be output to $S_{i}$, and outputs $A_{i}$ to $S_{i}$ until it encounters a $1$'s on both $A_{i}$ and $A_{i+1}$
$S = (0 \oplus 0 \oplus C_{i-1}) = C_{i-1}$
$C_{i} = majority(0, 0, C_{i-1}) = 0$
$S = (1 \oplus 1 \oplus C_{i-1}) = C_{i-1}$
$C_{i} = majority(1, 1, C_{i-1}) = 1$
How does this translate to a proof of Collatz conjecture?
Note that I'm a mere programmer with a hobby interest in math problems, so excuse me for the low quality. However, I still think this is able to prove that Collatz conjecture is valid, as the growth of the number has hard limits (how many carries can reach the end), while the shrink has no hard limit (shrinks until a 1 occurs) and the switching is fair and one-way (full adder).
Note: my personal truth table for the MSB and LSB
MSB Ci MSB
010-0--- -> 011---
010-1--- -> 100---
011-0--- -> 100---
011-1--- -> 101---
 B LSB Co LSB
---0-01 -> ---0-10 (additional $\frac{n}{2}$ once)
---0-11 -> ---1-01
---1-01 -> ---1-00 (additional $\frac{n}{2}$ multiple times)
---1-11 -> ---1-11
share|improve this question
It doesn't. The Collatz conjecture is open for a good reason: it is extremely hard. I don't have to find a flaw in this proof to know that it's not a proof because if it were this easy, somebody would've done it already. When you propose to have solved a well-known open problem, especially without having done any significant work, you are implicitly insulting everybody who has ever worked on the problem by assuming that there is an extremely simple solution that all of those people missed. – Qiaochu Yuan Jan 2 '11 at 15:29
_USER_: "also, I'm not asking you to write my proof, certainly not! I'm merely asking how this translates to proof." I'm not appreciating the distinction here: could you clarify? Anyway, as I said before, I am a research mathematician and I cannot follow the argument as it is written, not even enough to point to statements as being true and false. – Pete L. Clark Jan 2 '11 at 17:20
Guys, calm down, calm down. Alex's first language isn't English and he's a math novice, it's understandable that there's going to be a lot of confusion reading through his work. What's more important is figuring out what he wants from this question. As far as I figure, by "translate" he means to help him switch his pseudo-proof into actual proof notation, not to verify whether or not the proof is correct. This site's supposed to be for mathematicians at any level. Alex didn't mean any harm and claiming that he's insulting you won't do anything but give off a bad impression of the community. – Mana Jan 2 '11 at 18:02
_USER_, Qiaochu: Remember Sylvester-Gallai prolem? The problem was open for at least 30 years before we got an amazingly simple proof (if I recollect correctly). IMO, The problem here is that the OP expects us to do the bulk of his work for him. Currently what is written is an incoherent mess. That is what we need to be addressing, rather than claiming impossibility of a simple proof. Once OP makes it coherent, I expect it should be much easier to find the flaws. If OP does not make any attempts, I believe we can close it as Not a Real Question. Just my 2c. – Aryabhata Jan 2 '11 at 19:01
_USER_: I agree with you. Note that I never said that it was impossible that there could be a short, easy proof of a famous theorem. (It's merely unlikely, but the unlikely does occur occasionally -- by definition?) My point is the same as yours: the OP claims to have a proof of a big conjecture, but what he has written is completely incoherent. As a personal reaction, I find this annoying. – Pete L. Clark Jan 2 '11 at 19:26
4 Answers 4
The problem with the Collatz conjecture has to do with the possibility of having long "alternating" chains.


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In the conceptual design environment, you can label dimensions by assigning parameters to them, and then use direct manipulation to explore design variations. As a labeled dimension is manipulated, all its related geometry adjusts, and the dimension labels change to reflect their new values. The dimension labels change dynamically as they are manipulated in the drawing area.
For example, drag a labeled dimension to a new position. All the lines that are associated by formulas move with respect to their parameter settings. For example if parameter B = A/2, the value of B is always half of the value of parameter A. If the value of B changes to 8, the value of A changes to 16. You can see the parameter values change in the drawing area when you directly manipulate these lines.
The formulas assigned to a parameter display in the Label drop-down list on the Options Bar. These can be selected and applied to the labeled dimensions. When applied to a dimension, the formula displays as the new label in the drawing area.


Wednesday, September 30, 2020
When you can't find Tranquility
Sometimes it is hard to concentrate during meditation, or reach a state of pleasant abiding through meditation, even if you prepare for meditation by doing relaxation exercises first. If something is on your mind and it keeps going round and round and you can't focus in meditation, or if you are feeling a persistent unpleasant emotion, it can help to use the following method described by Thanissaro Bhikkhu. He uses anger as an example but it can be used with any emotion.
The Path of Concentration & Mindfulness
Thanissaro Bhikkhu
It is often very helpful to keep digging this way because often the things you are not thinking about and are not conscious of are the real trouble makers.
This has some important implications for awakening. Letting go of attachments and aversions results in less suffering. And while it seems obvious that we might have a hard time letting go of attachments to those aspects of self we like and or want to protect: the body, our opinions, social status, possessions, people and groups we care about, what is less obvious is that to let go of the sense of self, we have to be conscious of it, and often those aspects of our sense of self that we don't like, our faults, failures, and unpleasant past experiences etc. sometimes get pushed away out of the forefront consciousness. So some of the big aversions we need to let go of, the things we need to surrender to, are hidden or pushed to the side unless we really go looking for them. This hidden aspect of the sense of self is one of the things that makes awakening such a difficult undertaking, and facing the emotional pain of acknowledging our faults, failures and unpleasant past experiences is one of the things that causes dark nights, and difficulty in maintaining a consistent and continuous meditation practice.
Copyright © 2020 by ncu9nc All rights reserved. Texts quoted from other sources are Copyright © by their owners.


Windows Task Scheduler is a well-known GUI utility tool for automating recurring tasks. Many people don't realize that Task Scheduler does more than schedule scripts, programs, and documents to run at specific times. You can also use the tool to display message boxes and send out email messages. What's more, you can schedule tasks to run based on a number of event triggers, including startup, logon, and even custom events. This article will highlight these event triggers and explain how to get the most from the often overlooked Task Scheduler.
Times Have Changed
There was a time when Task Scheduler was thought to be quite basic and unconfigurable, compared with the cron jobs of UNIX and Linux systems. These days, Task Scheduler is both configurable and capable. So before looking at third-party utilities, determine whether Task Scheduler can already do what you want.
For the purposes of this article, I'll focus on the Windows Server 2008 OS. Although other OSs, such as Windows 7, might differ slightly, Task Scheduler should function in much the same way as described here.
Task Scheduler Basics
Just as you must learn the rules before you can break them, you must become familiar with the basic operation of Task Scheduler before delving into its more esoteric uses. It won't take long.
To open Task Scheduler, you need administrator access. You can use the Control Panel, the Manage command, or taskschd.msc for this task. Figure 1 shows what Task Scheduler looks like when it first opens.
Figure 1: Task Scheduler
Figure 1: Task Scheduler
Creating a New Task
There are three ways to create a new task:
 - Create a basic task
 - Create a non-basic task
 - Import a task
The Create Basic Task menu item will do the job for those tasks that don't require advanced settings, such as task time limits or number of repetitions. Here's how to set up a scheduled task to launch Microsoft Outlook at startup:
1. Click Action from the menu bar, and then click Create Basic Task.
2. Type a name for the task (we'll use Launch Outlook in this example) and an optional description, and then click Next.
3. You now have the option of scheduling the task to run
 - on a calendar-based interval, such as Daily, Weekly, Monthly, or One Time only
 - at common recurring events, such as when the computer starts or when you log on
 - on specific events, such as when a specific event is logged
Select the Triggers tab and then click New.
4. From the Begin the task drop-down list, choose At log on.
5. Choose 1 minute or 2 minutes from the Delay task for drop-down list, to let your PC complete its startup tasks. (I'll explain more about the benefits of this decision later.)
6. Make sure that the Enabled check box is checked, and then click OK to close the New Trigger dialog box.
7. The Action screen, which Figure 2 shows, gives you three actions to choose from:
 - Start a program
 - Send an e-mail
 - Display a message
Select Start a program and then click Next.
Figure 2: Starting a program action
Figure 2: Starting a program action
8. On the Start a Program screen, click the Browse button to locate outlook.exe. In Windows 7, this file will be in one of the following locations:
 - For 64-bit Windows -- C:\program files\microsoft office\office14\
 - For 32-bit Windows -- C:\program files (x86)\microsoft office\office14\
9. Click Next to proceed to the Finish screen.
10. The Finish screen shows the task summary and a check box to display more options after the task is created. Click Finish to create the task, which then is added to the Active Tasks list.
Running the Task on Demand
From the Active Tasks window, you can double-click any scheduled task to open its properties. Any task can be run on demand so that you can manually run it for convenience, testing, or debugging (although the latter can be built in to some extent). Here's how to run a task on demand:
1. In Task Scheduler's central pane, in the Active Tasks list, double-click an item to bring up its properties. The right-hand Actions pane shows options for the Selected Item, as Figure 3 shows.
Figure 3: Run command
Figure 3: Run command
2. Click Run to start the task. You can click the Stop button to abort the process.
Modifying an Existing Task
You can disable a task from its Selected Item menu. To permanently remove the selected task, use the Delete button.
The center pane displays the properties for the selected task. However, these properties are read-only. To gain access to this information in an editable form, click Properties under Selected Item. This action opens a Properties window that provides more fine-grained control to the task's triggers, actions, conditions, and settings, as Figure 4 shows.
Figure 4: Task Settings tab
Figure 4: Task Settings tab
The remainder of this article focuses on these settings and how to use them to set up more intricate scheduled tasks:
 - Schedule a delayed startup script
 - Schedule shutdown after the server has been idle for a certain length of time
 - Execute a Windows PowerShell script
 - Schedule a task based on a specific event
 - Test your tasks
 - Fine-tune an event-triggered task via the Task Scheduler Developer API
How to Schedule a Delayed Startup Script
Delaying the launch of a startup script or application so that the server can finish booting is usually a good idea. There's an option for that in the Advanced Settings section of the New Trigger dialog box.
Now, you might be wondering why you would need such a scheduled task trigger when the Startup folder offers the same functionality. There are a couple good reasons. First, boot-up and logon already place a sizeable load on your computer. Starting processes directly at logon places an additional burden on your computer and can render it unresponsive for quite some time. Using a delayed scheduled task allows you to wait until the computer has finished its business. The second (and more important) reason is that scheduled tasks can be run with more rights than items in the Startup folder, which run under the logged-on user's credentials. User Account Control (UAC) requires an elevated token when attempting to perform certain tasks:
 - Backing up and restoring data
 - Changing group memberships
 - Setting user and group security
 - Creating administrative scripts
 - Creating logon scripts
 - Creating user and group accounts
 - Deploying and upgrading software
Let's create a task to perform a backup after logon. Because we want to configure advanced settings, we'll create a regular task rather than a basic one. The steps are much the same as the ones we used to create our Launch Outlook task, except that you'll start with the Create Task action (instead of Create Basic Task).
On the Create Task dialog box, which Figure 5 shows, you'll set the account and privileges that the task will use. With UAC, users of the admin group have two tokens. The filtered token represents standard user rights. When you click an executable and select Run as administrator, the full token -- which contains admin rights -- is used.
Figure 5: Task Security options
Figure 5: Task Security options
Likewise, when you select Run with highest privileges in the Security options area of the Create Task dialog box, the full token is used. This setting works only when the user is in the admin group, because only those users have two tokens. To run a program with admin rights from a standard user account, you must select Run whether user is logged on or not and then select a user that is a member of the admin group.
Enter the username in the form computername\username -- for instance, server01\administrator. Enter the password as well.
On the Triggers tab, click the New button to open the New Trigger dialog box, which Figure 6 shows. The Delay task for drop-down list gives you six choices, ranging from 30 seconds to 1 day. Unfortunately, you can't define your own delay time; you must make do with the selection that is closest to what you're looking for. In our case, one minute should suffice. Click OK to close the dialog box.
Figure 6: New Trigger dialog box
Figure 6: New Trigger dialog box
On the Actions tab, click the New button. Click the Browse button and locate C:\program files\cwrsync\cwrsync.cmd in the New Action dialog box. (Note that several actions can be associated with the same task.) Click Next to proceed to the Finish screen, and then click Finish to create the task.
How to Schedule Server Shutdown
Here's a scheduled task that uses the Windows Sysinternals PsShutdown utility to shut down a server that has been idle for a certain amount of time. This is a great way to conserve system resources while not in use.
1. Create a new task, as you did in the previous section.
2. In the Program/script text box, enter the following command:
3. Enter the following in the Add arguments text box:
-s -f -c -t 10
4. You can choose to delay the task so that it runs only after the PC has been idle for a certain amount of time. Select 30 minutes from the Delay task for drop-down box.
How to Execute a PowerShell Script as a Scheduled Task
PowerShell is the most powerful administrative tool in Windows, so it's


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Creative Ideas For Data Presentation
Home > Presentation of Data Page> Creative Data Presentation
Throw away your excel sheets and PowerPoint files for your next data presentation. Engage your audience and capture their imagination using these 3 simple and creative ways to present data.
1. Make your data tangible for your audience:
We saw a marketing manager of sporting goods manufacturing company use this idea effectively. He threw a ping pong ball to the participants and said that the ball represented their market share in sporting goods segment. Then he threw a basket ball and said that it represented the market share of their main competitor.
When he kept the two balls side by side, the difference in magnitude became quickly apparent to the audience. No numerical data would have created a better realization in the audience's mind than that demonstration.
If you looking to open your presentation with data, you can read more about it here.
How can you make your audience touch and feel the data in your next presentation?
2. Make people a part of your data presentation:
I saw a highly involving presentation made by the CEO of an NGO that supported orphans. The audience had people from various corporates and the presentation was to raise funds for the organization.
All through the presentation the presenter involved young children to represent data. For example, she invited 3 children to come up on stage and stand in a row. She asked the first one to sit down and the third one to raise hands. She said, "These children represent the growth of our NGO in the last three years. Our children are able to live better and reach higher because of your support. I want your help to make them reach higher next year "
This helped her not only to talk about her organization but also to strike an emotional chord with the audience.
How can you involve people in your next presentation?
3. Make the audience build your point:
In one of the budget meetings, I heard a senior manager employ this method effectively. While he allocated budgets to various departments based on their profitability, some department heads insisted on more budgets for their functions.
He invited everyone to do a small activity. He asked them to tear an A4 sheet paper in two halves. He then asked them to tear one of the halves in two. He took the small piece of paper to scoop some toffees from a jar on his table. He then used the bigger piece of paper to scoop toffees. Naturally, he could scoop more toffees with the bigger piece.
He finished by saying," If the pieces of paper represent the share of profits brought in by a function and the toffee jar represents the funds we have. The goodies you get depend on the size of your sheet."
He didn't have to say anything else after that and the message was clear.
There are many ways to make your point using simple demonstrations, if you put your mind to it.
What can you come up with for your next presentation?
Rules for creative data presentation:
The activities you select need to follow these 2 critical rules to be successful:
- It should be made for a key point only. Such activities can be very powerful. So if you use it for an insignificant point, your audience will remember your presentation for the wrong reason.
- The conclusion should be clear to the last person in your audience. If it involves a long explanation to be understood, then avoid it.
Remember, a data presentation can be memorable or boring depending on the way you want to lend meaning to numbers. Take the time to make your audience relate to your numbers. It is worth the effort.
Related :More Creative Ideas for Presenting
Related Presentation : 3 Myths about Data Presentations
Return to Top of Creative Data Presentation Page


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For some pet parents, the sound of a dog snoring is cute. For others, it's irritating, especially in the middle of the night. In some cases, it might be perfectly normal — just something that happens from time to time. In other cases, it can be a symptom of something more serious that may require a veterinarian's help.
Is My Dog's Snoring Normal?
In some cases, a dog snoring is something that just happens occasionally, like when the dog sleeps on his back. It's not harmful, and there's no risk to the dog's health. Snoring could also be a symptom of one of several dog health problems. If a dog starts snoring suddenly, his snoring becomes louder, or their pet parent notices other symptoms that occur with the snoring, it may be time to schedule an appointment.
Common Dog Breathing Issues That Can Cause Snoring
A dog's snoring could indicate one of several potential health issues:
Overweight canines run a higher risk of developing a whole host of dog health problems, including snoring. They're more likely to develop extra fat deposits in the tissues around his throat, which can effectively block the airway. Not only does it make it harder for the dog to breathe, but it can also cause them to snore.
Dental Health Problems
Like humans, dogs can develop oral health issues like gum disease, tooth abscesses, and abnormal growths. Depending on where these issues develop, they can partially block the sinus cavities or throat, which lead to snoring.
Respiratory complications like bacterial or fungal infections can lead to snoring, as can asthma and seasonal allergies. Dogs with respiratory problems may also develop other symptoms at the same time as their snoring, such as sneezing, coughing, wheezing, a runny nose, watery eyes, and appetite changes.
A Stuck Object
Many dogs like to chew on things. Puppies, in particular, do a lot of exploring with their mouths. While chewing is a normal habit for canines of all ages, sometimes things happen. A dog might get into something he shouldn't, or chew apart one of his toys and swallow a piece of it. If something gets lodged in the dog's throat, it can cause snoring. At the same time, pet parents might also notice their canine companion coughing or gagging as they attempt to remove the object from his throat.
A Short Snout
Some dogs are more predisposed to snoring than others, particularly breeds with short snouts. The following brachycephalic breeds have a higher risk of breathing issues:
Although these dogs have shorter snouts, they still have a similar-sized palate to other breeds. The extra tissue can block the airway, leading to snoring.
- Boston Terriers
- Cavalier King Charles Spaniels
- English Bulldogs
- French Bulldogs
- Lhasa Apsos
How to Stop Dog Snoring
There are a few things a pet parent can try to help alleviate their dog's snoring:
Help the Dog Lose Weight
For overweight dogs, a diet change and exercise can aid in weight loss. Pet parents can work with their primary vet to develop a plan tailored to their canine companions' needs. Pet parents might also try a food puzzle to slow down fast eaters, which can help the dog lose weight.
Clean the Air
If a dog has allergies or asthma, airborne irritants can make their issues worse. Investing in an air purifier can help pet parents eliminate pollen, dust, dander, and other irritants from the air, which can help alleviate dog breathing problems.
Address an Elongated Palate
As previously mentioned, brachycephalic breeds have shorter snouts than other dogs, but their palates are similar in length. A simple surgical procedure can shorten the palate, removing excess soft tissue. It can address snoring and reduce the risk of other breathing-related complications.
Concerned About Dog Snoring? Get Answers for All Dog Health Questions
Dog snoring might be normal in some cases, but it may indicate potentially serious dog health issues. If a pet parent is concerned, they should consult with their primary vet or a qualified online vet for advice and recommendations on what to do. If a pet parent has dog health questions and their vet isn't available, the team at Fuzzy is here to help. They're available 24/7 through Fuzzy's Live Vet Chat feature. Pet parents can get real-time answers from real, highly experienced vets no matter what time it is. For access to professional advice any time, day or night, sign up to become a Fuzzy member today!


Why: Fluorine is more electronegative than sulfur, so the bond dipoles point toward fluorine. While each individual bond is polar, there is no net effect, meaning that the molecule is nonpolar. I'll tell you the polar or nonpolar list below. jpg ZnCl2 (aq) + H2 (g) What is the theoretical yield of hydrogen gas if 5.00 mol of zinc are added to an excess of hydrochloric acid? b) SO2. If the difference is from 0-0.4 the bond is nonpolar, but if it's from 0.5-1.9 the bond is polar. CH4 is a non-polar molecular because the dipole moment between atoms cancels out each other. Polar and Nonpolar Molecules. It also has the same properties of non-polar molecules such as being non-soluble in water and being soluble in non-polar organic solvents. Is H2S Polar Or Nonpolar? SF6 is a nonpolar compound in nature because as per VSEPR theory six fluorine atoms are arranged symmetrically with the sulfur atom such that dipole moment of S-F bond gets canceled out making the SF6 a nonpolar compound. However due to the other atoms in the structure being the very electronegative fluorine the partial charge on the sulfur will be quite de minimis. This further means that each fluorine atom is directly opposite from another fluorine atom. Answer = SnCl4 ( Tin(IV) chloride ) is Nonpolar What is polar and non-polar? Get an answer to your question "3.Predict whether each of the following molecules is polar or non-polar: a) IF, b) CS2, c) SO3, d) PCl3, e) SF6, f) IF5..." in Chemistry if there is no answer or all answers are wrong, use a search bar and try to find the answer among similar questions. Sulfur- 2.58, Oxygen- 3.44. It is considered to be an extreme greenhouse gas. Polar "In chemistry, polarity is a separation of electric charge leading to a molecule or its chemical groups having an electric dipole or multipole moment. The polarity of each individual bond is therefore cancelled, leaving a nonpolar molecule. Answer: SF6 is a nonpolar molecule due to the symmetrical placement of all of the fluorines around the central sulfur atom. So the molecule is polar. The easiest way to determine if a molecule is polar or nonpolar is to draw its Lewis Structure and, if necessary, check its molecular geometry. This video discusses how to tell if a molecule / compound is polar or nonpolar. 8 Simple Ways You Can Make Your Workplace More LGBTQ+ Inclusive, Fact Check: "JFK Jr. Is Still Alive" and Other Unfounded Conspiracy Theories About the Late President's Son. In your example of "SF"_4, the Lewis Structure would look … 2009-03-18 16:06:45. So, 1.2 is polar bond. List molecules polar and non polar. To determine if a molecule overall is polar or nonpolar you must look at both the electronegativity differences in each bond and the shape of the molecule. The EN difference between hydrogen and sulfur is 0.4, so hydrogen and sulfur form non-polar bonds. b. Sulfur hexafluoride, abbreviated as SF6, is a nonpolar molecule. Answer: SF4 is polar due to the presence of a lone pair of electrons leading to electron-electron repulsion and thereby a region of partial negative charge. If there is an odd number of lone pairs of electrons around the central atom, the molecule is polar. Hydrogen sulfide is non-polar on account of its non polar H–S bonds. (Hint diprotic acid), Which sample of matter is a mixture? Bromine Pentafluoride(BrF5) is a polar molecule because the molecular geometry of BrF5 is square pyramidal with an asymmetric charge distribution and with a bong angle of 90°. These forces include ionic bond, covalent bond, metallic bond, and hydrogen bonding. Question = Is SnCl4 ( Tin(IV) chloride ) polar or nonpolar? SeF2 is polar. Because there are six fluorine atoms, this means that each atom is 90 degrees from its neighbors. Let us discuss what differences occur among polar and nonpolar molecules. The U.S. Supreme Court: Who Are the Nine Justices on the Bench Today? Answer = SF2 ( Sulfur difluoride ) is Polar What is polar and non-polar? Write five observation of cotton ball and pine cone of the solid. c. In the Lewis structure, the central Se atom has six electron groups with no lone pairs. The $\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{Cl}$ bonds and the $\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{F}$ bonds have different polarities. CEO Compensation and America's Growing Economic Divide. How many protons are in a ion with 18 electrons and a - 1 charge, Which of the following element combinations will likely form polyatomic ions? There are different forms of forces that bind the molecules. Nonpolar Molecules: According to VSEPR theory, the fluorine molecules position themselves as far away from each other as possible. While each individual bond is polar, there is no net effect, meaning that the molecule is nonpolar. SiF6 2- is Polar. The electronegative difference is-3.44- 2.58= 0.86. © 2021 Education Expert, All rights reserved. Zn (s) + 2HCl (aq) mc014-1. Is BrF5 Polar or Nonpolar. The equation shows the reaction between zinc metal and hydrochloric acid. SF6 polar or nonpolar? Question = Is SF2 polar or nonpolar? In SF2 the sulfur in the middle has SP3 hybridization. Sulfur hexafluoride, abbreviated as SF6, is a nonpolar molecule. SF6 has an octahedral molecular geometry, which means that the sulfur molecule has six fluorine atoms surrounding it. If you want to quickly find the word you want to search, use Ctrl + F, then type the word you want to search. NOAA Hurricane Forecast Maps Are Often Misinterpreted — Here's How to Read Them. CO2 is a polar molecule because the dipole moment between atoms does no cancel each other, and the magnitude is greater than 0. SF6 has its IUPAC name Sulfur hexafluoride and it is considered as an extreme gas responsible for the greenhouse effect. Here's a look at what polar and nonpolar mean, how to predict whether a molecule will be one or the other, and examples of representative compounds. HCN is a linear molecule with a single bond between the H and the C and a triple bond between the C and the N. Looking at the electronegativities H


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Persistent Systems C++ Interview Questions
This interview was for 10 years experience C/C++ developer. Persistent was looking for someone who is good at C & C++ with experience on System Programming.
01. How can we achieve inheritance in C programming
02. What is difference between mutex and semaphore
03. What is difference between static and dynamic linking
04. What is difference between pointer and reference
05. How to resolve Diamond problem in C++
06. Can we defined const static function in C++
07. How to initialize const variables of any class in C++
08. How to design singleton class in C++
09. Can we use any user defined data type as a key in Map in C++
10. Syntax of overloading << operator in C++
11. Difference between Copy constructor and assignment operator
12. What is the default functionality provided to class by compiler
13. How does virtual functions work in C++
14. Difference between malloc & new
15. Size of any class which has a virtual function in it
16. Questions on function overloading
17. Why static functions can be accessed without creating object of any class
18. Few questions were asked on System Programming
19. How should be deallocate instance created by Singletone class?
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MCQ on C Programming MCQ on C++ Programming 138+C++ F2F Interview Questions Basic Computer Questions Solved C programs Solved C++ programs


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HMS TETCOTT'S WHITE BATTLE ENSIGN
The rediscovery of HMS Tetcott's White Ensign which now sits in a purpose-made case on the wall of the South Chapel of Tetcott Church can be said to be the catalyst from which the HMS Tetcott Project was born.
It is well-known that the Royal Navy has always flown Battle Ensigns when in action: numerous, big flags, from various parts of the ship. The tradition originally began in the days of the sailing navy, to ensure that at least one flag would continue to fly should the rigging be damaged, because showing no ensign was a signal that the ship had surrendered.
A chance discovery of a newspaper article - reporting on the visit to Tetcott of Lieutenant Commander Rycroft, Sub Lieutenant Miles Dawson, and eight ratings in 1941 - led to an investigation by author Shawn Dymond and church warden Bill Cloke which would eventually lead to the restoration and rededication of the ensign.
A letter written by Commander Rycroft after his visit to Tetcott, tells the story of the presentation of the ensign to the church –
"The presentation was preceded by a parade of the Home Guard and my men, with myself in charge – an army band failed to turn up in time. The service began with myself coming up the tiny nave with a White Ensign on a staff, stopping just short of the altar rails.
Then the organ kicked off with the National Anthem, after which I handed the ensign to the rector, who laid it on the altar rails, blessing it and the ship. The Sunday morning service then followed, with appropriate hymns and the 144th Psalm. The church was packed to the roof with 120-odd people out of a population of about 200, which is not bad. St Aubyn and I read the lessons and afterwards we drank sherry at the Manor House."
At the close of the war it appears that the ensign had been folded up and forgotten about until being rediscovered in 1994. Displayed once more, it was evident that, without conservation, the ensign was likely to deteriorate further and, through a generous contribution by the Mr Robert Davenport (whose father, Dudley Davenport had been HMS Tetcott's First Lieutenant on commissioning in December 1941) a purpose-built cabinet was made, and in the year 2000, the ensign was rededicated and was returned to its rightful place in Tetcott Church.


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ENGINEER 2010 Annual Tech Fest Carbon Footprint Calculation
Eliminate Carbon Emissions (ECE) Pvt. Ltd was contracted by the 'ENGINEER 2010' CORE to calculate their Carbon Footprint Calculation (i.e. an inventory of the total Greenhouse Gas Emissions that contribute to Climate Change), resulting from direct and indirect resource consumption through the annual technical fest's operations. The subsequent report encompassed the first phase–'Realise'– of the three-phase project comprising of Carbon Footprint Calculation ('Realise'), Carbon Footprint Minimisation
('Minimise') and Carbon Footprint Neutralisation ('Neutralise'). This blog post discusses the findings of this report.
Project Goals and Scope:
The goals of the 'Realise' phase of the project were, to determine for ENGINEER 2010 the total resource consumption inventory, total carbon footprint, activity-differentiated annual carbon footprint, stakeholder-differentiated annual carbon footprint, and contextualization of total carbon footprint and carbon emissions intensity of stakeholder operations. The analysis of those aspects of operation would form a benchmark for assessing the impact of future members, and the aggregate and dissected carbon footprints were to be communicated in easily understandable terms. The results of this research were intended to serve as a diagnostic tool to help mitigate future carbon emissions.
Boundaries were defined in consultation with ENGINEER Management and involved two key-decision making areas, activities to be included and stakeholders to be considered. See previous blog post for discussion of protocols followed. More attention is paid to activities that are defined as 'Key Source Categories, which are defined as those whose collective contribution account for 95% of the total footprint (when added incrementally in order of decreasing contribution). Activity boundaries categorized as Scope 1, 2, and 3 can be found in Table 1 on page 8 of the original report. Stakeholder boundaries were determined through consultation with the Client, and the results are displayed in the table below:
The following table presents the extent of LCA incorporated into the Emission Factors selected for the Carbon Footprint calculation.
Activity data was collected through periodic meetings with ENGINEER CORE representatives. Questionnaires were used to define relevant stakeholder groups and activities as well as to create an "activity vs. stakeholder mapping." Electricity, water, and fuel consumption data was obtained from the previous year's data to begin developing a pre-event estimate. To collect visitor travel activity data, detailed quantitative audience research was conducted to measure emissions, with a sample size of 10% of the expected audience being selected at random to answer a questionnaire.
Activities included within the footprint boundary were further differentiated into multiple activity sub-types. The results are displayed in table 4 on page 13 of the original report. Activity data was then multiplied by the appropriate GHG Emissions Factors developed for India, displayed in Appendix B of the same report.
The following table presents the extrapolated aggregated resource consumption inventory for ENGINEER 2010.
The total Carbon Footprint of ENGINEER 2010 for the activities presented in the first table and the stakeholders in the second is estimated to be 29.3 tons of CO2e. The following table and figure present the contributions to this total footprint differentiated across all activity groups.
As demonstrated here, travel and logistics was the largest contributor (11.2 tons CO2e–38.4%), and electricity was the second largest (9.6 tons CO2e–32.8%). Food, beverage, and waste was a distant third (4.4 tons CO2e–14.9%).
The following table and figure present the stakeholder contributions to the Carbon Footprint of all activities included within the footprint boundary.
The largest contribution is from activities related to the ENGINEER CORE (9.7 tons CO2e–33.0%).
For discussion of assumptions, data gaps, and limitations, read the original report.
The Carbon Footprint estimate of 29.3 tons CO2e to serve a participant and visitor base of 4,233 persons leads to a per-participant served Carbon Footprint of approximately 6.9 kg CO2e. It must be noted, however, that the carbon efficiency of the participant stakeholder group is very high due to their use of mass transit systems and low reliance on private vehicular transport to the event. Moreover, guest accommodation was handled using in-house facilities. The elimination of luxury hotel accommodations had a drastic impact on the Carbon Footprint, as the arrangement allows for energy efficiency control and monitoring within the event premises that leads to much greater efficiency than is seen in the luxury hospitality industry in India.
In order to optimize resource and energy consumption, a few measures were recommended in the original report: Indoor temperatures can be raised by two degrees Celsius, lights can be switched off two hours per week, and home composting systems can be used for the disposal of biodegradable waste.
The original report can be read here.


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Achieving Competitive Employment
The ACE (Achieving Competitive Employment) program helps individuals with disabilities to get and keep jobs. Our aim is to provide resources to identify, develop, and utilize employable skills and abilities.
ACE Staff Can Provide:
- Job search assistance: how to help employers see past a disability and understand the assets you bring to their business
- Job development: direct contact with employers to generate leads and facilitate paid placements
- Job coaching: one-to-one support to adapt to a new workplace and be successful there
Who Can Use ACE?
- You must be 16 years of age or older
- You must also have an identified disability (this can mean a lot of things – if you're not sure, ask us!)
- Resident of Guelph or Wellington County
- Ready to prepare and achieve employment
A.C.E. is funded by Ontario Disabilities Support Program Employment Supports


I got a problem when calculating the out-of-sample performance of my model. I have the following settings:
 1. I have daily data.
 2. I use a rolling window of 1 week.
 3. I use the previous six months of data to estimate my model parameters.
Thus, the model parameters are estimated every week using the previous 6 month of data. Each time the parameters are estimated the investment control remains fixed for 1 week (I do not rebalance) until the parameters are next updated.
My question is: How do I calculate performance/return including transaction cost? When I have estimated the parameters and make a trade to rebalance at day 1, do I then need to
 1. Calculate the daily return of the portfolio in the 1 week window and sum it to get the return for the week.
 2. Compute the new positions from the new estimated parameters.
 3. Compute the total expected trading cost from step 2).
 4. Subtract the total expected trading cost from the portfolio return calculated in 1.
 1. Holding period return would be more appropriate. Calculate your one week return by using your ending portfolio NAV. The easiest way to do this would to be to store number of shares in each position and multiply by price after one week to obtain your new NAV.
 2. Yes.
 3. Yes.
 4. No, subtract it from your ending portfolio NAV. The process is as follows:
 - Estimate parameters/train model
 - Determine positions through model
 - Calculate trades by netting new portfolio with current portfolio.
 - Determine position sizes in terms of % of pre-trade NAV. Add trading costs as % of pre-trade NAV. The total sum of the pre-trade position sizes will now exceed 100%. Proportionally resize such that the new positions plus trading costs sum to 100%.
 - Execute trades. Recalculate NAV at end of the week and restart.
Total period return minus trading costs is obviously $ \cfrac{{NAV}_{end}}{NAV_{start}}-1$. It's easier to keep everything in terms of NAV until you want to calculate a period return, since your trades will be calculated off of NAV.
Your Answer


This is where you do it correctly:
 FILE *fp;
You can then use fp in functions like fseek and fread to manipulate example.txt, which due to the 2nd parameter "r" has been opened in read only mode.
But I'm still not sure what you are intending. Your code also uses ifstream and ofstream on the same file and these on their own should be sufficient for the operations you want to perform. So my question is: what exactly do you think that fopen is adding to the mix? Do you think [i/o]fstream aren't opening the files properly and need extra help? (Doesn't work that way.) If you want to use fopen to open the file then you need to use fopen-related functions to access the file; you can't fopen a file then modify it with [i/o]fstream.
So here's my suggestion. Remove the FILE and fopen stuff altogether on the grounds that it's completely unnecessary.
What is your while loop doing? a_file is already open at this stage. The flow here is: if the user types open, open the already open file, break the loop, then close the file. This I don't get at all. What are you trying to achieve here?
One step at a time. If you close the file and end the program after "a_file<<"alphabet: "<


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Iron exhibits two different oxidation numbers in compounds, +2 and +3, which are seen in two different chemical compounds, FeCl2 and FeCl3, for instance. Stable compounds form because the products are at a lower total energy than the reactants. That is the case for both FeCl2 and FeCl3. But it is possible to cause the further oxidation of iron in FeCl2 to the +3 oxidation state, as in this reaction.2FeCl2 + Cl2 --> 2FeCl3 Transition metals show variable valency and these elements have d-orbital as penultimate orbital and the outermost orbital is the s-orbital.
Now, the atomic number of Fe, Iron is 26
The electronic configuration is
(1s)2 (2s)2 (2p)6 (3s)2 (3p)6 (4s)2 (3d)6 (aufbau's principle).
But the exact arrangement is also possible with (1s)2 (2s)2 (2p)6 (3s)2 (3p)6 (3d)6 (4s)2.
Therefore, because of the different electronic configurations which the element can have it shows variable valency.
Another reason: An atom has to complete 2 or 8 electrons in its outermost shell therefore, when Fe or any other transition element reacts with the other element then these transition atoms share the electrons according to their requirements
Eg: 1. Cu 1+ & Cu 2+
2. Ag 1+ & Ag 2+
3. Hg 1+ & Hg 2+
4. Au 1+ & Au 3+
5. Fe 2+ & Fe 3+
6. Pb 2+ & Pb 4+
7. Sn 2+ & Sn 4+
8. Pt 2+ & Pt 4+
9.Mn 2+ & Mn 4+


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[Legal Glossary] Definition of Damages
Have you been doing some research after a car accident in New York? You've probably come across some unfamiliar terms, as well as some everyday words that, in legal terms, have a different meaning than they do in informal conversation. "Damages" is one such word.
Damages, in the context of personal injury law, refers to the money a defendant (the negligent party in a civil case) pays to compensate the plaintiff, or complainant, for injury or loss.
So while "damage" in everyday conversation usually refers to harm itself, "damages" in legal terms means the money paid to a person who has suffered a loss due to injury, by the person or persons who caused the harm.
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USC study finds big air pollution impacts on local communities
Heavy traffic corridors in the cities of Long Beach and Riverside are responsible for a significant proportion of preventable childhood asthma, and the true impact of air pollution and ship emissions on the disease has likely been underestimated, according to researchers at the University of Southern California (USC). The study, which appears in an online edition of the American Journal of Public Health, estimated that nine percent of all childhood asthma cases in Long Beach and six percent in Riverside were attributable to traffic proximity.
The study also found that ship emissions from the Los Angeles-Long Beach port complex contributed to the exacerbation of asthma. For example, approximately 1,400 yearly episodes of asthma-related bronchitis episodes in Long Beach (21 percent of the total) were caused by the contribution of ship emissions to nitrogen dioxide levels in the city.
Although there has been extensive research on the effects of traffic proximity on asthma risk, this study is one of the few that has estimated the number of cases—or "burden of disease"—associated with traffic in specific high risk communities, says principal investigator Rob McConnell, M.D., professor of preventive medicine at the Keck School of Medicine of USC and deputy director of the Children's Environmental Health Center at USC.
"The traditional approach to estimating the burden of air pollution-related disease has markedly underestimated the true effect," McConnell says. "Our results indicate that there is a substantial proportion of childhood asthma that may be caused by living within 75 meters (81 yards) of a major road in Long Beach and Riverside. This results in a much larger impact of air pollution on asthma symptoms and health care use than previously appreciated. This is also one of the first studies to quantify the contribution of ship emissions to the childhood asthma burden."
Such specific data about the local health burden of air pollution is useful for evaluating proposals to expand port facilities or transportation infrastructure in the L.A. area, McConnell noted. Both Long Beach and Riverside already have heavy automobile traffic corridors as well as truck traffic and regional pollution originating in the port complex, which is the largest in the United States.
The study drew upon data from the Children's Health Study (CHS), a longitudinal study of respiratory health among children in 12 Southern California communities, including Riverside and Long Beach. Researchers estimated the number of asthma cases and related complications that occurred because of air pollution, using information from epidemiological studies that they then applied to current exposure to air pollution and traffic in Southern California. The results showed that approximately 1,600 cases of childhood asthma in Long Beach and 690 in Riverside could be linked to living within 81 yards of a major road.
"The impact of roadway proximity on the overall burden of asthma-related illness is remarkable," McConnell says. "Air pollution is a more important contributor to the burden of childhood asthma than is generally recognized, especially to more severe episodes requiring visits to a clinic or emergency room."
Unlike regional air pollutants, the local traffic-related pollutants around homes and their effects are not currently regulated, he notes.
"This is a challenge to communities, to regulatory agencies and to public health," McConnell says. "Traffic-related health effects should have a central role on the transportation planning agenda."
- Pregnant mothers at risk from air pollutionFri, 7 Oct 2011, 16:34:56 EDT
- Hybrid tugboat cuts emissions, University of California, Riverside study showsMon, 22 Nov 2010, 15:04:40 EST
- Traffic pollution worsens symptoms in asthmatic childrenThu, 13 Nov 2008, 19:30:15 EST
- Air pollution alters immune function, worsens asthma symptomsTue, 5 Oct 2010, 17:02:58 EDT
- 'Refinery dust' reveals clues about local polluters, UH-led research team saysMon, 12 Jan 2009, 17:08:25 EST
- Big Air Pollution Impacts On Local Communities: Traffic Corridors Major Contributors To Illness From Childhood Asthmafrom Science DailyThu, 5 Nov 2009, 17:36:17 EST
- USC study finds big air pollution impacts on local communitiesfrom Science CentricThu, 5 Nov 2009, 8:28:18 EST
- USC study finds big air pollution impacts on local communitiesfrom Science BlogThu, 5 Nov 2009, 5:07:16 EST
- USC study finds big air pollution impacts on local communitiesfrom Science BlogThu, 5 Nov 2009, 4:42:07 EST
- Study finds big air pollution impacts on local communitiesfrom PhysorgWed, 4 Nov 2009, 19:28:23 EST
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A grade 3 hypertensive retinopathy
A grade 4 hypertensive retinopathy showing
disc oedema and hard exudate at the macula
Nowadays it is uncommon to encounter malignant hypertension due to good screening programme and effective
treatment for high blood pressure. However, you must be able to recognize the features of hypertensive retinopathy
especially that of malignant hypertension. Early hypertensive retinopathy (grade 1 and 2) are commonly seen in the
presence of other retinal conditions such as branch retinal vein occlusion, branch retinal artery occlusion or
In the examination, if the main focus is on hypertensive retinopathy the patient usually has grade 3 or 4 hypertensive
retinopathy. In grade 3: there are retinal arterioles narrowing with artero-venous nipping. The retina contains
flame-shaped and blot haemorrhages, cotton-wool spots and hard exudates in the macula which may be star-shaped.
In grade 4: features of grade 3 plus papilloedema.
1. How can hypertension affect the eye?


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In our last blog, we discussed the importance of remembering your 'why' and identifying what success looks like for your organisation as the starting point for unlocking the power of your contracts and commercial relationships. In this blog Brooke Consultant Sophie Andrew takes a closer look at how to do this.
In the same way that your organisation must have a clearly defined 'why,' you must also establish the 'why' for each of your contracts and commercial relationships.
"Why?" you ask? Good question. Contracts and commercial relationships that are not outcome-focussed and driven by clear purpose are almost guaranteed to fail to realise their full potential, or worse, result in disputes. So, let's make sure that doesn't happen.
There are three things you need to remember when defining the 'why' for each of your commercial relationships.
The first consideration is that the 'whys' for each contract should individually and collectively support your organisation's 'why'. In other words, the required outcomes for all commercial relationships should complement and reinforce each other in helping to drive organisational success. This means taking an integrated approach to your external relationships, rather than treating each contract in isolation. While this can be difficult when contract management is dispersed across different business units, knowing your organisation's why provides the reference point for aligning and integrating contracts.
For example, in one large resources company that we spoke to different business units were actually bidding against each other for the services of the same suppliers. This not only raised costs, but also made it difficult to maintain supplier continuity across large projects.
The second thing to remember is that every party to the contract will have their own 'why.' The trick here is to structure the contract and relationships so that as each party pursues its own 'why' they help to increase the size of the pie – the value generated by the contract.
In the resources company example, suppliers found it difficult to manage their workforces when they were constantly swapping between contracts from different business units. Once the resources company understood this, they started developing long term "master" contracts with each supplier, based on their forward pipeline of projects. The resources company achieved its objective of securing supplier services at reduced cost, while the suppliers were better able to attract and manage talent to not only reduce their costs, but to expand and improve their scope of services.
The third thing to remember is that while each party to a contract will have their own 'why', it is important to define an overarching 'why' for the contract that all parties agree to and can relate their individual 'whys' to. This overarching 'why' is in effect the pie that all the parties are seeking to grow in size, and in doing so achieve their individual 'whys'. It is vital to make this overarching 'why' for the contract outcome-based and measurable. Making it outcome-based allows each party to find innovative ways to deliver on their obligations and generate more value. Making it measurable helps drive performance.
Let's use an example from the airline industry. Airlines rely heavily on various commercial arrangements that are formalised by contracts in order to move people and cargo around the country and the world. They need reliable service providers across key global locations to make sure they get away on time, on budget and most importantly, safely. To enable them to do this, the airlines need workforces on the ground that value and share these same goals. Sure, these companies often have shareholders, and of course they have staff they need to pay. But when you ask what it is that brings them together with the airline, the answer from these suppliers should be around their shared outcomes of providing reliable, timely and safe ground operations to enable the airlines to operate to the highest expectations of their customers.
This may all seem very complicated to set up, but in our experience the hard work pays off. Far too often we are called in to help sort out commercial relationships that have become dysfunctional, where each party is preoccupied with point scoring, paper warfare or compliance with the minutiae of the contract. We usually start by getting everyone to remember why they entered into the relationship in the first place and we often find that this was either never very clear to start with or got lost in translation in the drafting of the contract.
Take it from someone who has seen a lot of money, and a lot of love, lost in contract combat – the best way to make your 'why' work for you is to do it from the outset.


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Today, quality control and the desire for absolute safety have contributed to the introduction of numerous sensors in our lives. Optical technologies have played an increasingly important role in this development because they combine the advantages of a small design, reduced production costs, fast measurement speeds, high precision, reliability, and non-contact measurements across large distances.
A position-sensitive detector (PSD) should be your first choice in sensors when determining the center of a beam spot. PSDs function locally analogously; they interpret the current produced by a photodiode.
A position-sensitive detector (PSD) should be your first choice in sensors when determining the center of a beam spot. PSDs function locally analogously; they interpret the current produced by a photodiode. This current is divided into one or two resistive layers. The advantages of this simple design are its stability and reliability. The electronics required to process the analog output signal are relatively simple and can be assembled inexpensively.
Unmatched Speed and Resolution
A PSD just determines the position of the center of incoming light, but it does so within nanoseconds and at a sub-nanometer resolution. It achieves a measurement tolerance of approximately 0.1%. The dynamic range of the light intensity stretches across several orders of magnitude. The accuracy can be significantly increased if reference points are saved in a value table. The optical components used together with the sensor usually introduce measurement errors; however, if appropriate corrections are incorporated into the value table, it is possible to compensate for these errors to a large extent. Because the PSD gains its position information from the photocurrents of the diodes, methods of operation used in normal photodiodes can be used here as well. This includes, for example, the modulation of light to eliminate interference by ambient light. PSDs can be manufactured in any shape. Some unusual designs include, for example, helix-shaped, circular, or spherical forms for 2D and 3D angular measurements. Entire arrays of PSDs were developed for some applications (e.g., surface tests).
Versatile Applications for PSDs
Examples of applications include alignment systems in which the position of a reference laser beam is measured relative to the PSD. This principle is used in many different areas – from bridge construction to optical benches. As PSDs can be produced to operate at very low temperatures (such as in liquid nitrogen), this alignment method is also used in infrared optics because here the infrared radiation of a PSD has to be kept to a minimum. One weakness of PSDs is their inability to differentiate between a direct beam and a reflected beam. If two beam spots are detected, the PSD provides a measurement value for the center between these two spots.
When used in connection with sophisticated signal processing methods – such as with optical filtering and synchronized detection methods – PSDs can perform measurement tasks that were previously thought impossible – such as detecting changes in the red-hot surfaces of liquid iron or measurements within a welding flame. In addition, PSDs will prove useful in applications in which the movement of mechanical parts has to be detected without contact or pressure. This includes the movement of membranes in microphones, loud speakers, and pressure sensors or of optical fibers in wind and acceleration sensors. They can also be used for fluid level measurements in fuel tanks. With a simple analog circuit you can achieve resolutions into the sub-nanometer range.


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Our Wetlands, Our World:
Our Wetlands, Our World
High School Activity Guide to Upper Newport Bay
Our Wetlands, Our World provides information and activities to help high school students learn about the importance of wetlands and to become involved in the restoration of these valuable, unique environments. It also helps bring State Content Standards to life by linking science concepts to local resources. The focus of the guide is on Upper Newport Bay in Orange County; however, much of the information is applicable to other wetland sites.
- Entire Guide (9.5 MB)
- Introduction, Contents (335 KB)
- Watersheds and Wetlands Unit (1.3 MB)
- Human Impacts Unit (5.6 MB)
- Taking Action Unit (1.1 MB)
- Appendices (2.4 MB)
Upcoming Workshops for Educators
(Please note that workshops are currently only being held in Orange County.)
If you would like to participate in an orientation workshop for Our Wetlands, Our World, please send an e-mail to _EMAIL_ which includes your contact information, as well as the name of your school or program and the grade level that you teach. Please check back here for announcements of future trainings.
Coastal Restoration at Upper Newport Bay
Hands-on ecological restoration activities are available in the Upper Newport Bay through the California Coastal Commission's Community-Based Restoration and Education program. Depending on the time of year, students can participate in installing native plants, removing invasive weeds, mulching and watering previously installed native plants, collecting seeds or transplanting seedlings in our native plant nursery. These activities are the perfect complement to Our Wetlands, Our World to enhance your students' learning experience. For more information, please visit the program's home page. To sign up your class for a restoration work day, please contact Matt Yurko at _EMAIL_.
Extensions and Resources
- Learn about coastal restoration at Upper Newport Bay.
- Take part in Coastal Cleanup Day.
- Adopt a Beach.
- Check out our "For Youth" page for web-based activities.
- Browse the Marine, Coastal & Watershed Resource Directory for educational resources and for volunteer and internship opportunities.
- Visit our "How Can I Help?" web page.
- Take the Coastal Stewardship Pledge.
- For advanced students, use a webpage of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Coastal Services Center to investigate three alternatives for developing a coastal site. The scenarios presented allow students to explore the specifics of each development plan and to consider the environmental and economic consequences of the choices.
- For advanced students, download factsheets from the California Water and Land Use Partnership to learn how urbanization affects the water cycle or about low-impact land development options.
- Share your comments about Our Wetlands, Our World.


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There are many types of coaters, each of which works differently, so it should be considered when selecting materials. Banners coating machinery is just one of them.
However, when designing a banner coater, the selection of materials is also critical, and some need to design anti-wear structures or select wear-resistant materials.
Because the thermal conductivity of stainless steel is significantly lower than that of carbon steel, in the banners coating machinery based on conduction heat transfer, if stainless steel is selected as the main material, the heat transfer area of the equipment should be the thermal conductivity of stainless steel.
Selecting materials for the equipment installation environment, in many cases, although the above conditions can meet the requirements, also pay attention to the material requirements of the equipment installation environment.
When the banners coating machinery is produced, firstly, the guide rollers of the substrate are installed in the direction of the wire, and the adhesive is adjusted proportionally, and the heating system of the oven is started. When the corresponding set temperature is reached, the drive motor is turned on,can be opened for coating production.
The substrate of the unwinding device is first subjected to an anilox roller, after being coated with a glue, and then subjected to a dry bath through a drying tunnel to complete the coating process.


Doctrine of Harmonious Construction: A Comprehensive Analysis
By | December 21, 2020
Doctrine of Harmonious Construction
The Doctrine of Harmonious Construction: The Parliament makes a separate set of statutes, rules and legislation as well as constitutional provisions under their well-defined powers. While the framing of these provisions has to be done very carefully, conflict still occurs sometimes due to overlapping in their enforcement. This is because there are chances of certain gaps being left while framing of these provisions, which could not have been foreseen by legislators. To deal with such conflicts, certain doctrines and rules are propounded by courts that are used in the interpretation of statutes. One such rule of interpretation is the Doctrine of Harmonious Construction.
This article provides an overview of the doctrine along with case laws.
I. Meaning of the Doctrine of Harmonious Construction
The Doctrine of Harmonious Construction is considered as the thumb rule to the rule of interpretation of statutes. The doctrine states:
"Whenever there is a case of conflict between two or more statutes or between two or more parts or provisions of a statute, then the statute has to be interpreted upon harmonious construction. It signifies that in case of inconsistencies, proper harmonization is to be done between the conflicting parts so that one part does not defeat the purpose of another."
The doctrine is based on a cardinal principle in law that every statute has been formulated with a specific purpose and intention and thereby should be read as a whole. The normal presumption is that what Parliament has given by one hand is not sought to be taken away from another. The essence is to give effect to both the provision. To avoid conflict, the adopted interpretation of the statute should be consistent with all its provisions.
If there seems an impossibility to harmoniously construe or reconcile the parts/provisions, then the matter rests with the judiciary to decide and give final judgment. The aim of the courts is to do interpretation in a manner that it resolves the repugnancy or inconsistency between the provisions and enables the statute to become consistent as a whole and read accordingly.
II. Origin of the Doctrine
The Doctrine of Harmonious construction was originated through interpretations given by courts in a number of cases. The evolution of the doctrine can be traced back to the very first amendment made in the Constitution of India with the landmark judgment of Shankari Prasad v. Union of India [1]. The case dealt upon the conflict between part III (Fundamental Rights) and IV (Directive Principles of State Policy) that form as basic features of the Indian Constitution.
The court applied the rule of Harmonious Construction and held that Fundamental rights being rights given against the state can be taken away in certain situations and can be amended as well by the Parliament to bring them in conformity with constitutional provisions. Preference was given to both and it was decided that FRs and DPSPs are just two different sides of the same coin that requires working together for the public good.
Historically, this doctrine was evolved through the rule of conciliation first propounded in the case of C.P and Berar Act [2]. The court applied this rule of interpretation to avoid overlapping or inconsistency between entry 24 and entry 25 of State list and read them harmoniously by determining the extent of the concerned subjects.
III. Applicability of the Doctrine
To quote courts view on the application of the doctrine of harmonious construction:
"When there are in an enactment two provisions which cannot be reconciled with each other, they should be so interpreted that; if possible, the effect should be given to both." [3]
It is a well-settled principle that a statute must be read as a whole and in a manner that one part/provision of the act is harmoniously construed in reference to the other provisions of the same Act so as to provide a consistent enactment of the whole statute. [4]
There are five principles of this Doctrine as laid down by the apex court of India in the case of CIT v. Hindustan Bulk Carrier:
 1. "While interpreting, the court has a duty to avoid a "head-on clash" at all cost between two sections of the same act
 2. The interpretation should be done such that the provision of one section doesn't defeat the purpose of another unless it is impossible to effect a reconciliation between them
 3. When it is impossible to reconcile the contradictory provisions, then courts must interpret in a way to give as much as possible effect to both provisions
 4. A Construction that reduces one of the provisions to a "useless lumber" or "dead letter" is not harmonious construction
 5. Lastly, to harmonize is not to destroy any other statutory provisions." [5]
The aforesaid principles give the basic yet clear explanations on the usage of the rule of Harmonious Construction while interpreting parts of any statute.
Moreover, when two provisions of a statute are in apparent conflict with each other, then both must be interpreted in a way that it gives effect to both and no such construction should be adopted that renders either of the provisions useless or inoperative except in the last resort. The Supreme Court has clearly illustrated the use of this principle in Raj Krushna v. Binod Kanungo [6] case.
Section 33(2) and 123(8) of ROPA, 1951 were in apparent conflict. Where section 33(2) talks about the power of a government servant to nominate or second a person in an election, the other section 123(8) specifies that a government servant cannot assist any candidate in the election except by casting his vote [7]. The court interpreted both sections harmoniously and held that a government servant has both the right to nominate or second a candidate but forbidden to assist in any other manner and he also has the right to vote.
IV. Relevant Case Laws
To have a fair understanding of the concept of this interpretation rule, it is important that we read upon its actual applicability in relevant case laws.
The first is the landmark judgment in the history of the Indian Constitution, M.S.M Sharma v. Krishna Sinha. The Petitioner in the case was alleged with that he has breached the privileges of the speaker for publishing a speech which was delivered by the member. A show-cause notice was issued to the Petitioner for why action should not be taken against him.
Issue of the case: Whether the privileges under Art. 194(3) prevail over the fundamental right under Art. 19 (1)(a)? [8]
Petitioner's Contention: The action taken by the Committee and the notice sent stands in violation of his fundamental rights under Art 19 (1)(a) and Art. 21. However, since the respondent relied on the Art. 194(3), the rule of interpretation was involved as to which provision shall prevail.
Held: The Supreme Court applied the rule of harmonious construction and held that though Art. 194 (3) is subordinate to Art. 21 but Indian Constitution is the supreme law in the country and therefore, a person can be expunged from publishing the official records of the Assembly. This is not a complete prohibition on FR of that person.
Further, in the case of M. Nanavati vs. State of Bombay [9], the matter was related to the power conferred to the Governor under Art 161 and the court has to interpret the scope of Art 161 and Art 142 (1) of the constitution. In the present case, Bombay HC passed sentence against the accused. The petitioner then approached the Governor who passed a suspension order against the sentence of Bombay HC.
When the matter reached before Hon'ble Supreme Court, the court applied the rule of Harmonious Construction and held that the absolute power of granting suspension to the Governor under Art 161 becomes absolved when the matter becomes sub judice. In such situations, there is a complete scope of interference with the judicial power of the court under Art 142.
Recently in the case of Department of Customs vs Sharad Gandhi [10], the Hon'ble Supreme Court has again applied the principle of Harmonious construction to resolve the inconsistency between the Antiquities and Art Treasures Act, 1972 and Customs Act, 1962. The Bench observed the "inconsistency" found in Article 254 of Indian Constitution between laws made by Parliament and state legislatures stating: If the law made by the state is repugnant to the law made by the parliament, then law made by the parliament shall prevail to the extent of repugnance [11]. However, in the present case, the court observed that both the said act have been made by Parliament.
V. Conclusion
It is clear that there is always a possibility of ambiguity or gaps in the laws made by the legislature. To fill those gaps, Harmonious construction as a rule of interpretation of statutes plays a huge role in giving maximum effect to the statutory provisions. Today, considered as a chief tool in hands of our Judiciary, the rule helps two confronting laws work together harmoniously in delivering justice to society at large.
[1] Shankari Prasad v. Union of India, AIR (1951) SC 455.
[2] Re C.P. and Bera Act, AIR (1939) FC 1.
[3] Venkataramana Devaru v. State of Mysore, 1958 AIR 255.
[4] Justice GP Singh, Principles of Statutory Interpretation, 9th edn (2004) 131.
[5] CIT v. Hindustan Bulk Carriers (2003) 3 SCC 57.
[6] Raj Krushna Bose v. Binod Kanungo & ors, 1954 AIR 202.
[7] Representation of People Act, 1951 Section


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For an institution to thrive and build a name for itself, it needs to be more than just a centre for knowledge transmission. How an institute transfers knowledge to its students is what defines the pedigree of an institute. While some may encourage rote learning, others might emphasise on the process of knowledge acquisition and adopt a more hands-on, reflective and experiential learning process. It is these institutes that make a name for themselves among the student community and are sought after by students. Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies is one such institute.
Benefits of Experiential Learning
Experiential learning is a more hands-on process of learning that emphasises on practical application of concepts, theories and problem solving techniques rather than learning by rote. It is clearly a superior method, for it involves a conscious reflection on the part of students. For management students, this method is indispensable as it prepares them for the competitive world after they graduate.
Experiential Learning at Manav Rachna
Manav Rachna offers a curriculum designed to foster experiential learning in students. The emphasis is on creating and honing analytical skills and focusing upon the practical and applied aspects of theoretical knowledge. Students learn through experiential methods like live field projects, workshops, action research, simulations, prototyping, role-playing scenarios, socio-drama/psychodrama, dance, meditation, case studies, seminars, industry interface, guest lectures and mentoring. All these activities accelerate learning and develop critical thinking and effective decision-making in students. The two years that they spend in campus becomes a meaningful process to transform them into effective professionals rather than being a means to get marks and a degree on the resume.
Unique pedagogy at Manav Rachna
The pedagogy followed at Manav Rachna focuses on skill development through a four tier mentoring program (peers/industry/faculty/alumni), academic affiliations, international student exchange programs, corporate social responsibility, extensive life skills classes and so on. This, along with being one of the first institutes in Delhi NCR to establish a Human Lab, highlights the institute's thrust towards experiential learning and giving students a meaningful experience.
A major part of students' training in the institute comprises interacting with society to understand and solve problems. To pursue entrepreneurship that is meaningful and beneficial to the society, the institute engages students in initiatives such as Ek Muthi Daan, adoption of Mohna village, incorporation of a skill and health development centre at Mohna village. Students of management also undergo a month long orientation program 'Udaan' to welcome them into the new phase through skill training and development workshops.
Manav Rachna promises students a rewarding experience throughout their course. Students enter as unpolished gems and are transformed into confident professionals, ready to enter the industry with gusto.
For students who are aspiring to join MRIIRS, Apply Here
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