NAVCore Objects Manager Edition & Features Download
This is a must-have tool for Developers, Managers, and Customers!
Save Time and Money
Manage, Communicate, and Collaborate
Monitor Development and Progress
Project and Time Tracking
Source Control and Object Transfer History
Code Comparison, Code Search, Where Used, and much more!
Developers can save a tremendous amount of time when moving modifications from the Development to the Test and Live environments, especially when the change involves multiple objects and/or projects. While coding and testing, we can easily lose track of that simple little change or we could be wasting time switching back and forth between our development environment and our developmental tracking worksheet. If that wasn't enough, imagine the time wasted if we were to document a piece of code but have to make changes later or even scrapping it altogether!
By utilizing this application, developers can save the heavy documentation steps for later or even save the large, detailed documentation with regards to a change, outside of the code objects to keep the codes clean. Once all coding is done and the initial testing is good, use this application to review all objects that were modified and compare the difference between the Development and Live environments. Quickly see where there's a difference and determine whether a detailed explanation or documentation is needed.
Managers can utilize this application to track and estimate development without having to involve the developers and/or consultants. They can assign and prioritize projects, see the stages of completion, see what's under development and what's in the testing phase, all without having to check in with each developer and/or consultant.
Developers and consultants can utilize the Time Tracking module to record the time spent on an object, within each respective project. Managers can rely on this information for billing and estimating future projects.
Customers will find this to be a great transparency tool, the key to a long and trusting relationship. With little effort and without having to bother anyone, customers can get a quick overview of where a project is in its development and set their own priorities.
Customers can quickly tell which project may be ready and is pending their own employee's involvement, under testing, oftentimes a major cause for delays. As a matter of fact, some projects can be ready but is never moved to Live because developers are done with the project and have moved on to other developments while the finished project is pending test. If this is a low to medium priority project, the employee forgets to test, and developers assume the work is done, this can be lost until someone revisits the project.
 - Projects
 In a busy environment or during the initial stages of implementation, modifications can easily overlap. When more than one developer, working on different projects, are modifying the same object, it's hard to tell which change was for which project. When it comes time to transfer the objects to the Live environment, we can be wasting valuable time figuring out which could or couldn't be moved due to the overlapping developments. This application addresses that with a built-in project management system, where multiple objects can be linked to multiple projects at the same time. We can easily tell that an object has overlapping development if they're linked to more than 1 project and we can easily transfer all related objects with a Batch Transfer.
 - Collaboration
 A project will almost always involve communication from multiple parties. With multiple parties and multiple projects, it can be hard to keep track of who said what and when. If your primary source of communication is through emails, the clutter caused by multiple responses can make it time consuming to read and to respond to. Even worse is a response that can be lost due to being part of a response in an email that addresses multiple responses but doesn't contain the original response. This application aims to address that by introducing a text message app-like form of communication for everyone. No more digging through emails to find a particular question or response and no more lost communications, just scroll through and see the entire collaboration history.
 - Notes
 Public notes can be added to each object to highlight or let everyone know about something, without it being part of any particular project. Similarly, a private note can be added to each object but is visible only to the owner of the note. Use it to make a note of what has already been done, where you left off on development, something to follow-up on, or even notes for an upcoming meeting.
 - Time Tracking
 Easily track the time spent on an object by each developer and/or consultant, in each project. Use it for future project estimation, budgeting, or billing.
 - Source Control and Object Transfer History
 Not only will you have better source control but you will have transfer histories. Easily find and restore objects from recent transfers that have unexpected results. Compare, export, and review notes associated with each transfer.
 - Code Comparison
 Compare codes between different environments and get a quick overview of the differences right before every transfer to ensure no overlapping changes are accidentally transferred and that documentation exists for every change.
 - Code Search and Where Used
 Unlike any out there, this application not only gives you the ability to do a Where Used to find where an object may be referenced but it also gives you a powerful tool to search codes across all objects within the development environment. Use the Advance Find option to search where an external function in an object may be referenced by another object or where a Control Add-in (Microsoft.Dynamics.Nav.Client.WebPageViewer), for example, may be referenced.
Please visit our User Guide to learn more.
Save time coding and testing first. Use the code comparison tool to review and document only what that works later.
See where objects are used and search code across all objects.
Keep track of developmental time on each object, for each project.
Manage and easily keep track of related, developmental objects, all in one place.
Communicate and collaborate with your managers and colleagues using the built-in project collaboration tool.
Keep better documentation of who did what, when, and why by reducing missed documentation during development.
Quickly and effortlessly move objects from development to Test and Live environments.
Transfer objects on your colleagues behalf or enable functional consultants to share some of the duties.
Avoid accidental roll-outs due to overlapping developments.
Quickly determine if new issues are related to recent updates or object transfers.
Managers and Customers
Save time and money. Reduce miscommunication, lost notes and collaboration.
Keep track of developmental time for each developer across multiple projects.
Gain insight into the developments happening within the ERP system.
See what's under development, what's pending test, and how long it's been pending.
Communicate and collaborate, all in one place, using the built-in project collaboration tool.
Manage developers, consultants, and projects.
Monitor project progress, be an integral part of the process.
Combine project documentation with source documentation. Know who did what, when, and why.
Require and enforce the documentation of changes.


text:
Handheld metal detectors can pick up signals from the magnetic ink on U.S. cash, a new study found.
Think those TSA agents waving a metal-detecting wand at your pockets only know how many coins you're carrying? Think again.
Metal detectors can tell how much cash is on you, too, according to a new study by researchers at the University of Washington's Applied Physics Laboratory in Seattle, the Daily Mail reported.
The handheld metal detectors get signals from the magnetic ink dollar bills are printed with, and the strength of the magnetic signals increases when bills are stacked together.
In other words, don't try smuggling big stacks of cash through airport security.
The discovery by Antao Chen and Chris Fuller, which they're presenting at is still in its nascent stages, though, and the pair says there's still no way for the metal detectors to count the exact amount of cash they find. They can only count the number of bills they find.
That's because a dollar bill carries the same amount of responsive magnetic ink as a $100 bill — meaning somebody carrying $10 in ones would trigger the metal detector just as much as somebody carrying $1,000 in hundreds.
Other sources can interfere with the signal, too, particularly ones that also have magnetic ink, New Scientist noted. Adding other equipment to the simple detectors could cut down on that interference, one scientist at the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom said.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Geo can be used in combination with Object Storage (AWS S3, or other compatible object storage).
Currently, secondary sites can use either:
- The same storage bucket as the primary site.
- A replicated storage bucket.
- Local storage, if the primary uses local storage.
The storage method (local or object storage) for files is recorded in the database, and the database is replicated from the primary Geo site to the secondary Geo site.
When accessing an uploaded object, we get its storage method (local or object storage) from the database, so the secondary Geo site must match the storage method of the primary Geo site.
Therefore, if the primary Geo site uses object storage, the secondary Geo site must use it too.
- GitLab manage replication, follow Enabling GitLab replication.
- Third-party services manage replication, follow Third-party replication services.
Introduced in GitLab 12.4.
Secondary sites can replicate files stored on the primary site regardless of whether they are stored on the local file system or in object storage.
To enable GitLab replication:
- On the top bar, select Menu > Admin.
- On the left sidebar, select Geo > Nodes.
- Select Edit on the secondary site.
- In the Synchronization Settings section, find the Allow this secondary node to replicate content on Object Storage checkbox to enable it.
For LFS, follow the documentation to set up LFS object storage.
For CI job artifacts, there is similar documentation to configure jobs artifact object storage
For user uploads, there is similar documentation to configure upload object storage
If you want to migrate the primary site's files to object storage, you can configure the secondary in a few ways:
- Use the exact same object storage.
- Use a separate object store but leverage your object storage solution's built-in replication.
- Use a separate object store and enable the Allow this secondary node to replicate content on Object Storage setting.
GitLab does not currently support the case where both:
- The primary site uses local storage.
- A secondary site uses object storage.
When using Amazon S3, you can use Cross-Region Replication (CRR) to have automatic replication between the bucket used by the primary site and the bucket used by secondary sites.
For manual synchronization, or scheduled by

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I have extracted URL links from a number of webpages and many of the webpages contain the same set of links (or subsets) as other webpages. I have ~1000 webpages and ~10 links per webpage.
What is an efficient way to find the minimum set of webpages that will still cover the complete set of links?
share|improve this question
closed as off topic by Scott Morrison Nov 12 '09 at 2:40
closed as off topic - how come? The application is non-math but the principles certainly are. – hoju Nov 12 '09 at 3:08
Sorry, as asked it looks like a scientific visualisation or graphics design problem. If there's something mathematical you'd like to ask about, edit and I'll reopen. – Scott Morrison Nov 12 '09 at 5:02
fair enough. Have rephrased it now - is that sufficiently'mathy'? – hoju Nov 13 '09 at 0:03
the question is closed, so I can't answer, but this sounds like classic set cover. the atoms are the links, and the webpages are the sets. – Suresh Venkat Jul 7 '10 at 9:03
2 Answers 2
Let me try a preliminary answer to see if I've understood what you're after.
You have, let's say, 1000 web pages, each containing some outbound links. You might define a 1000x1000 matrix D by $$ D_{ij} = \mbox{number of links in common between the }i\mbox{th and }j\mbox{th pages}. $$ Then you want to extract from $D$ a single number, the 'level of overlap', which broadly speaking will be large if most entries of $D$ are large, and small if most entries of $D$ are small.
I can think of some ways of doing that, but before I go into it, let me check: is that the kind of thing you want?
share|improve this answer
Yes that is what I am after. But I am not sure how to present it. As Martin said a Venn diagram is out of the question! – hoju Nov 12 '09 at 3:12
One approach is to represent your data as a graph, and use a network diagram tool to draw it. Variant 1: nodes are websites, weighted edges represent number of common links. Variant 2: a bipartite graph with nodes being either web sites or links, and unweighted edges indicating "web site A contains link B." The magic google phrase to find examples related to your example is "citation visualization".
The problem with this technique is that big graphs sometimes turn into hairballs in a graph layout tool, so you may need to prune or filter your data set for it to be intelligible.
There are other techniques: you could draw a grid where rows correspond to web pages, and columns to links they contain, and fill in cells (X,Y) where link X appears in web site Y. If you reorder the rows and columns to put related pages near each other and related links near each other this can be an effective analytic tool, but it might not be right for non-technical readers.
A lot of this depends on the details of your data. If you have any kind of metadata (a categorization of web pages or links) that could suggest other approaches--feel free to add details in your question. About the only thing you can say for sure is a big Venn diagram is going to be a mess!
share|improve this answer


Why Fitivities?
Do you want to be more active as a family, but just don't know how to start? Are you an active family, but are always looking for new ways of being physically active as a family? Or is the thought of being physically activity bring back awful memories of being picked last in "gym" class, but you've come to the realization that you have to take better care of yourself and begin living a more healthy and active lifestyle? If you have answered yes to any of these questions, then Fitivities™ and the belief system as why it was created may be what you are looking for. Why is Fitivities™ different?
 - It allows the flexibility of 1 and up to 24 individuals, ages 6 to 60 + to play at one time. Playing Fitivities is not about perfection, it's all about participation. There are modifications for every activity, so participation is for everyone, no matter what you level of physical activity is.
 - It includes simultaneous play. All games require individuals to take turns in order to achieve the goal of winning. In Fitivities, as soon as someone says; "GO", all participants are actively, independently engaged with the common goal of winning.
 - Every participant, no matter what their age or ability has an equal chance of winning. Just when you've think you've won, the spinner card provided to each team reveals a situation that you just did not anticipate!
Some people chose to play the game once, some choose to play it multiple times like creating the "best of five" or the "best of seven" games scenario. Whatever you decide, you will find playing Fitivities is so much fun, you won't realize it's also good for you!


text: The purpose of this study was to assess the decay resistance of wood modified with a variety of chemicals and to attempt to further understand the mechanism by which chemical modification protects wood from decay. Corsican pine (Pinus nigra) sapwood was modified with three cyclic anhydrides; succinic anhydride, alkenyl succinic anhydride (a derivative of succinic anhydride with a 16-18 carbon alkenyl chain) and phthalic anhydride, and with two more widely studied modifying chemicals; acetic anhydride and butyl isocyanate. All reactions were carried out using pyridine as solvent and catalyst. Modified wood was tested against decay fungi in a pure culture test against basidiomycete fungi (Coniophora puteana, Gloeophyllum trabeum, Trametes versicolor and Pycnoporus sanguineus) under different moisture content regimes, an unsterile soil soft rot test, a fungal cellar test and a field trial. Butyl isocyanate proved the most effective modifying chemical at protecting wood from decay, followed by acetic anhydride and then alkenyl succinic anhydride. Uneven distribution of the modifying chemical in wood was evident using each of these three chemicals, particularly in the case of acetic anhydride. Despite its apparent ability to control decay by basidiomycete fungi, alkenyl succinic anhydride was unable to completely protect wood from soft rot fungi. Phthalic and succinic anhydride modifications both proved susceptible to hydrolysis and leaching, and neither were effective as wood protection chemicals. Phthalic anhydride modified wood performed well in the pure culture test, apparently through biocidal action, but was susceptible to decay in unsterile conditions. The approach made in this study to understanding the mechanism of protection was to analyse physical properties of the modified wood cell wall. This involved the measurement of adsorption isotherms, volumetric swell due to water soak, and cell wall pore size (using the solute exclusion technique). Neither the moisture content of modified wood nor its cell wall moisture content (measured as the fibre saturation point from the adsorption analysis) provided a good explanation of decay resistance. In several cases, the relationship between volumetric swell (due to water soak) and weight loss (to a given fungus in pure culture) was found to be consistent between modification types. From this it is concluded that the extent by which water swells modified wood is important to decay resistance. A reduction in cell wall pore volume was measured using the solute exclusion technique, though no further conclusions could be drawn from this test. It is proposed that the mechanism of resistance to decay by basidiomycete fungi involves the blocking of cell wall pores, which restricts the access of degradative agents released by decay fungi. The amount by which wood swells is important in this theory since this will determine by how much transient pores in modified wood can open, and whether enough space is created to bypass this blocking effect. The possibility of the role of site substitution in decay resistance is not discounted, and may contribute to decay resistance, particularly against white rot fungi. Pore blocking is not thought to be the mechanism of protection against soft rot fungi. In this case the substitution and shielding of decay susceptible sites are thought to be more important.


text: RailCab is a research project by the University of Paderborn, Germany. Its purpose is the examination of the use of linear engines for the propulsion of autonomous, rail mounted vehicles. Similar to the Transrapid the coaches are moved by linear motors, which have a very low need for maintenance. In contrast to Transrapid a magnetic field is only used for acceleration, the vehicles run on wheels on tracks. This concept allows for modification of existing conventional railway tracks.


We implemented the algorithm used to detect Tap-Wave-Rub's wave gesture following the instructions in [1]. Whenever the user wants to make a phone call, Tap-Wave-Rub asks her to perform a wave gesture, if the wave gesture is not detected within 10 seconds Tap-Wave-Rub does not allow her to make the phone call.
In our attack, SMASheD records a valid wave gesture and replays it. SMASheD was able to deceive Tap-Wave-Rub successfully.
 1. Haoyu Li, Di Ma, Nitesh Saxena, Babins Shrestha, and Yan Zhu. 2013. Tap-Wave-Rub: lightweight malware prevention for smartphones using intuitive human gestures. In Proceedings of the sixth ACM conference on Security and privacy in wireless and mobile networks (WiSec '13). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 25-30. DOI=10.1145/_PHONE_._PHONE_ _URL_


A Definite Assignment Anomaly
A Definite Assignment Anomaly
Rate This
 - Comments 22
UPDATE: I have discovered that this issue is considerably weirder than the initial bug report led me to believe. I've rewritten the examples in this article; the previous ones did not actually demonstrate the bug.
 Consider the following code:
struct S
 private string blah;
 public S(string blah)
 this.blah = blah;
 public void Frob()
 { // whatever
This method body code fragment is legal (though probably ill-advised):
S s1 = new S();
Every struct has a default constructor which initializes its fields to their default values; this frobs the zero handle.
What about this?
S s2;
Looks like a definite assignment error, doesn't it?
An interesting and little-known fact about the C# compiler is that this is reported as a definite assignment error if the struct is compiled from source code, but not if the struct is in a referenced assembly! What is the reasoning behind this seemingly anomalous behaviour?
Well, consider the following related situation:
struct SS
 public int x;
 public int y;
 public void Bar() {…}
Here we have the pure unadulterated evil that is a mutable value type. Is this legal?
SS ss;
ss.x = 123;
ss.y = 456;
Yes, that is legal. The local variable s essentially has two sub-variables, x and y. If x and y are both definitely assigned, then s is also considered to be definitely assigned. When checking definite assignment on a struct, the compiler actually checks to see whether we know that every field of the struct has been initialized. A constructor call is assumed to automatically initialize every field, but if there is not a constructor call, then we simply track every field independently and then pool the results. (And if the fields are themselves of value type, we do so recursively of course.)
The anomaly happens because when the compiler sees that the type in question is in source code, it tracks the definite assignment of all the fields, detects that "s1.blah" is an unassigned field, and gives a definite assignment error on s1. But when the type in question is from a referenced assembly, the compiler ignores inaccessible fields of reference type. We see that there were zero fields initialized out of the zero accessible fields that needed to be initialized, and declare that s1 must be fully assigned!
UPDATE: Initially I thought this behaviour was odd and undesirable but plausibly justifiable. However I have since learned that in fact, for reasons still obscure to me, the compiler only ignores inaccessible fields of reference type. Inaccessible fields of value type are still tracked for definite assignment. This weird inconsistency points strongly in the direction of this being a bug, not a feature. Continuing with my original text...
This behaviour is undoubtedly weird; whether it is desirable or not is a judgment call. There certainly is an argument to be made that the user has no ability to do anything about a private field on an imported type; a type they almost certainly did not author themselves, do not know the details of, and cannot change. Whereas if the type is in source code, then the user running the compiler has personal knowledge of its internals. So, the argument goes, we should give the user a pass on having to prove that the fields they cannot access and know nothing about are assigned; just let them be assigned to their default values and don't worry about them.
There is also the (more compelling to me) argument that we ought to be consistent here and either consider all the fields all the time, or consider only the accessible fields all the time, rather than swapping back and forth between the two choices depending on the details of the compilation process. My choice would be the former; force the user to call the default constructor or use the "default(T)" operator if they really want the all-zero default version of the struct. That makes the intention very clear in the code.
Unfortunately, though I think I've argued that this behaviour is plausibly undesirable, we're stuck with it. There are numerous BCL structs which have no public fields, and lots of existing code which uses them without calling the default constructor. Changing now to make this an error is a breaking change with no compelling benefit, and we're not going to do that. Particularly since the anomaly is essentially harmless; whether we force you to say "s1 = new S()" or not, the handle field is in practice always initialized to its default value.
Nor do I think we should change this by making the code legal in all cases, even if the type is in source code; that's making a bad situation worse merely in order to achieve consistency. This seems like the very definition of "foolish consistency".
 - This is an interesting case. I was not aware there were situations where the compiler would allow you to declare a local instance without either initializing it or calling a constructor explicitly. Back in my C++ days, I recall many a time when local instances would be declared using a constructorless notation:
 S s1; // default constructor automatically called
 I always found this notation confusing - particularly since to following is also legal, but much more obvious:
 S s1 = S(); // also legal but clearer
 - _USER_:
 When compiling the version which is in the same assembly, does it complain regardless of the contents of Frob(). Or does it actually check whether Frob() references fields, and complain about those specifically?
 To be more precise, say I have Frob implemented thus:
 void Frob() { handle =...; }
 Would it still complain about the lack of definite initialization? If not, and if I call Frob on uninitialized handle, will it recognize s.handle as initialized after Frob returns for the purposes of definite initialization? Or does it generally assume that any method call on a struct will access all its fields?
 (I kinda have to ask because the behavior that you describe only makes some sense to me if compiler actually does cross-method boundary analysis for definite assignment for methods for which it has the source code).
 _USER_: your second C++ snippet requires a copy constructor to exist (even if it's optimized away, which it legally can be), while the first one does not, so there is a difference. I don't really have a problem with the parentheses-less syntax as such; the real evilness of C++ is the distinction between POD and non-POD, and initialization thereof.
 We do not do cross-method analysis. Basically, it's analyzed as though the code
 was actually written as
 MyHandle.Frob(ref h1);
 Since we are passing a variable as "ref", it must be definitely assigned before the method call. We check definite assignment on structs by verifying that all known fields of the struct are fully assigned. In the "import from metadata" case, we don't even load information about private fields off of the disk, so as far as we know, its fully assigned. But in source code, we have all the private field info available in memory already, and we use it. -- Eric
 - Is this behavior in line with the specification?
 Good question. The spec says "A struct-type variable is considered definitely assigned if each of its instance variables is considered definitely assigned." Notice that it does not say "each of its accessible instance variables'. So technically, I suppose this is a violation of the specification. -- Eric
 - Pavel does make a point though.
 Suppose I have this silly mutable value type:
 public struct Point {
 public int X { get; set; }
 public int Y { get; set; }
 public Color Color { get; set; }
 public void GetColorFromWhatever(Whatever) {
 Color =...;
 and I call
 Point p;
 p.X = x;
 p.Y = y;
 Obviously (obvious to the programmer, not to the compiler), this is what I meant to do albeit a bit awkward. I don't really want to assign color since it's a calculated value. But I have to either do
 Point p = new Point();
 p.Color = dummy;
 I was willing to accept that - I prefer calling the constructor anyway. But now you tell me that if Color was a struct in a different assembly it would work - now that suddenly doesn't make sense.
 - [quote]Every struct has a default constructor which initializes its fields to their default values[/quote]
 This is the real problem IMHO. As far as I'm concerned, there should never be an implicit parameter-less (default) constructor - if the dev wanted the object to be called with a parameter-less constructor, it would be in the definition. I've been bitten by this back in my C++ days (though for the life of me I don't remember the context, only that it was a PITA to track down), and hoped that C# was immune to it.
 I'm sure there is some reason for it, but does that reason outweigh the problems?
 - An important case to consider in this discussion is this one:
 S[] sArray = new S[_PHONE_];
 If you require me to call S's constructor, how will you make sure I call it for all the values of this array?
 In the case of arrays of classes, it's simple, because they're initialized to null, which means to class exists yet. But in the case of a value type, as soon as you allocate space, you have a struct.
 -


- United Transportation Union - _URL_ -
Acting for impaired Railroad Retirement beneficiaries
Posted By rob On February 12, 2013 @ 2:54 pm In Alumni Association News,Amtrak/Commuter News,Recent Updates | Comments Disabled
According to Railroad Retirement Board (RRB) policy, every annuitant has the right to manage his or her own benefits. However, when physical or mental impairments make a railroad retirement annuitant incapable of properly handling benefit payments, or where the RRB determines that the interests of the annuitant so require, the agency can appoint a representative payee to act on the annuitant's behalf.
A representative payee may be either a person or an organization selected by the RRB to receive benefits on behalf of an annuitant.
The following questions and answers provide information for family members, or others, who may have to act on behalf of an annuitant.
1. Does the RRB have legal authority to appoint a representative payee for an annuitant?
The Railroad Retirement Act gives the RRB authority to determine whether direct payment of benefits, or payment to a representative payee, will best serve an annuitant's interest. The RRB can appoint a representative payee regardless of whether there has been a legal finding of incompetence or commitment and, depending on the circumstances in a particular case, the RRB can select someone other than the individual's legal representative to be the representative payee.
2. What if a person has been given power of attorney by a beneficiary?
Power of attorney is a legal process where one person grants another the authority to transact certain business on his or her behalf; but the RRB, like the Social Security Administration, does not recognize power of attorney for purposes of managing benefit payments for a beneficiary. For this purpose, the RRB uses the position of representative payee.
3. Why doesn't the RRB recognize power of attorney?
The Railroad Retirement Act protects a person's right to receive benefits directly and to use them as he or she sees fit by prohibiting the assignment of benefits. Power of attorney creates an assignment-like situation that is contrary to the protections given by this law. The Act likewise gives the RRB exclusive jurisdiction in determining whether to appoint a representative payee for an annuitant. If the RRB recognized power of attorney, it would be deferring to a designation made by someone outside of the agency and would, in effect, be abdicating its responsibility to the annuitant.
Also, events often occur which may affect an annuitant's eligibility for benefits. The responsibility for reporting these events to the RRB is placed, by law, directly on the annuitant or the annuitant's representative payee. When benefits are accepted, the annuitant or his or her payee attests to a continued eligibility for such benefits. And if payments are misused, they can be recouped from the payee. This is not true with power of attorney.
4. How are these representative payees selected?
Generally, the RRB's local field offices determine the need for a representative payee and interview potential payees. The field office also advises the payee of his or her duties, monitors the payee, investigates any allegations of misuse of funds, and changes the method of payment, or the payee, when appropriate.
The RRB provides 15 days' advance notice to an annuitant of its intent to appoint a representative payee, and the name of the payee, in order to allow the annuitant a period of time in which to contest the appointment.
5. What are the primary duties and responsibilities of a representative payee?
The payee must give first consideration to the annuitant's day-to-day needs. This includes paying for food, shelter, clothing, medical care and miscellaneous personal needs. Beyond day-to-day needs, railroad retirement benefits may be used for other expenses.
The payee is also responsible for reporting events to the RRB that affect the individual's annuity, and is required to account for the funds received on behalf of the annuitant.
In addition, since railroad retirement benefits are subject to Federal income tax, a representative payee is responsible for delivering the benefit information statements issued each year by the RRB to the person handling the annuitant's tax matters.
Periodically, the payee will be asked to complete a report which includes questions regarding how much of the railroad retirement benefits available during the year were used for the support of the beneficiary, how much of the benefits were saved, and how the savings were invested. In order to complete the questionnaire correctly, a payee must keep current records of the railroad retirement benefits received and how the benefits were used. The records should be retained for four years.
6. What are a representative payee's primary responsibilities for an annuitant's Medicare coverage?
When an annuitant requires covered medical services, the payee must have the annuitant's Medicare card available. The payee must also keep records of the services received and the expenses incurred or paid, just as for any other usage of railroad retirement benefits.
7. What if an annuitant is confined to an institution?
When annuitants are in a nursing home, hospital or other institution, their railroad retirement benefit payments should be used to meet the charges for their current maintenance. Current maintenance includes the usual charges the institution makes for providing care and services.
The payee should use the benefit payments to aid in the annuitant's possible recovery or release from the institution, or to improve his or her living conditions while confined. Payments may be used to provide such items as clothing, personal grooming supplies, transportation of relatives to visit the patient, trial visits to relatives, medical and dental care, and reading materials and hobby supplies.
8. How should railroad retirement benefits not immediately required to meet an annuitant's needs be handled?
Benefit payments which will not be needed in the near future must be saved or invested unless they are needed for the support of the annuitant's legally dependent spouse or child, or to pay creditors under certain circumstances. It is recommended that conserved funds be held in interest-bearing accounts. Preferred investments are Federally-insured or State-insured accounts at financial institutions and obligations of, or those backed by, the Federal Government, such as U.S. Savings Bonds.
Funds should not be kept in the home, where they may be lost or stolen, nor can they be mingled with the payee's own funds or other funds.
9. How can a person get more information about being appointed as a representative payee, or whether the use of railroad retirement benefits for a particular purpose would be proper?
More information is available by visiting the agency's website, _URL_, or by calling an RRB office toll-free at _PHONE_. Persons can find the address of the RRB office servicing their area by calling the RRB's toll-free number or at _URL_.
Article printed from United Transportation Union: _URL_
URL to article: _URL_
Copyright © 2011 United Transportation Union. All rights reserved.


text:
- Published date:
The Integrated Preservation Suite (IPS) is a project to improve our preservation planning capabilities for our digital collections. It will do this through the preservation of software and capture of information about digital formats and hardware. This will ensure access to our current and future digital content for the long term.
Aims of the project
One of the biggest threats to the long-term preservation of digital content is technical obsolescence. Technological obsolescence is the inevitable by-product of technical advancement. It threatens ongoing access to items stored in old formats or created on legacy computing environments.
If the Library does nothing to manage obsolescence, we'll be unable to provide access to our digital collections beyond the lifespan of the technologies used to create them. So there is a need for memory institutions like the British Library to develop preservation planning functionality that can help monitor and manage obsolescence.
The Integrated Preservation Suite (IPS) is the Library's project to develop such a preservation planning functionality. The project aims to minimise the preservation risks facing our digital collections and to help us achieve our mandate as a national long-term memory institution.
Components of the project
The project is developing three essential system components that will operate alongside the Library's existing infrastructure:
- a technical registry for gathering and linking information about file formats, software, hardware, tools, and storage media
- a policy and planning repository, a database for the Library's policy and planning information, incorporating things like preservation policies, collection profiles, as well as collection-specific preservation plans
- a software repository that stores and is able to provide access to current and legacy software, e.g. for the implementation of preservation plans and for file rendering.
These three components are integrated by a preservation workbench, which provides interfaces between these components and other parts of the Library's digital infrastructure.


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Below lists the general location of the needed position. Each of our locations below need a Foreman.
- Newark Delaware
- Ft. Myers Florida
- Brandon Florida
Visit our locations page for more information on these locations.
Supervise and participate in the painting operations of interior and exterior areas, equipment and furniture as assigned in a correct, safe, timely and efficient manner.
Reports directly to the Project Manager.
Authority is provided by Project Manager to carry out duties and responsibilities of the position.
Responsibilities and Duties
- Supervise and participate in painting operations to include the painting of buildings, areas, signs, equipment and furniture in accordance with blueprints, sketches and verbal instructions.
- Carry out the instructions of the Project Manager as it pertains to the schedule of work for the group, ensuring proper distribution of assignments and adequate manning, space and facilities for subsequent performance of duties.
- Estimate time, cost and materials for painting projects; determine sequences of painting operations and methods to be used to include scaffolding and rigging.
- Inspect completed work for compliance with blueprints, specifications and instructions; direct any rework or modification.
- Recommend various personnel actions including, but not limited to, hiring, performance appraisals, promotions and vacation schedules.
- Train and instruct new employees.
- Perform other related duties incidental to the work described herein.
- Work requires knowledge of the techniques, practices and methods of the painting trade normally acquired through 4 years of experience in the preparation and painting of interiors and exterior surfaces.
- Prepares surfaces for painting by removing old paint, patching holes, sanding pressure washing, etc.
- Paints, finishes and refinishes wood, metal and other materials.
- Ensures that there is an adequate supply of materials available. Orders, receives, inspects, and stores equipment, merchandise, commodities, materials, and/or supplies.
- Teaches others the principles and techniques used in the specific service or trade, adherence to industry and/or safety standards and maintenance of related equipment, tools and/or supplies.
- Other tasks as assigned.
Skills and Abilities
- Knowledge of principles, theories and practices of vocational training.
- Knowledge of proper operation of machines and tools, including but not limited to their uses, designs, benefits, repairs and maintenance.
- Identification and application of appropriate safety intervention techniques.
- Knowledge and experience of set-up and safe use of scaffolds and ladders.
- Maintain and/or repair of tools and equipment.
- Deal with people in a manner which shows sensitivity, tact, and professionalism.
- Speak clearly, concisely and effectively; listen to, and understand, information and ideas as presented verbally
- Communicate information and ideas clearly, and concisely, in writing; read and understand information presented in writing
- Proper handling of risks which require the use of special safety precautions and/or equipment, e.g., working around operating machines, working with contagious diseases or hazardous chemicals, etc. in the safest manner.
- The work requires some physical exertion such as long periods of standing; walking over rough terrain or rocky surfaces; recurring bending, crouching, stooping, stretching, twisting, reaching, or similar activities; climbing ladders and/or scaffolds, recurring lifting of moderately heavy items such as supplies and equipment. The work may require specific but common physical characteristics and abilities such as lifting up to 75 pounds, above-average agility, and dexterity. Ability to walk 3-5 miles per day, work in temperatures in excess of 100 degrees, work while wearing required personal safety equipment including but not limited to gloves, hardhat, respirator/ self contained breathing apparatus, safety glasses, safety harness, safety vest, and steel toe shoes/boots.


Are there patterns to the usage of albuterol inhalers that would help patients identify their triggers? It is reasonable to expect that an individual over time would become familiar with the times of day or locations that are more likely to trigger their asthma. But, what if a single neighborhood or a particular event caused a widespread flare up of asthma – how do we track what populations of patients are experiencing in real time?
Asthmapolis is a company and research project that aims to answer that question for asthma using a compact wireless device that records time and location on patients' use of their albuterol inhalers. The service is voluntary, anonymized and opt-in. In a newspaper article, the study leader David Van Sickle, PhD remarked that in a pilot study [Columbia Daily Tribune]
…participants were surprised by the number of times they used their inhalers or where they were when they started to feel short of breath. …and surprised to see they had been relying on their inhalers more often than they thought.
In addition to serving as a mobile patient diary, the technology behind Asthmapolis is being used a in a large scale study of rural asthma. Mobile health technologies seem well suited for chronic diseases where the the long term cycles of diseases may be obscured to both the patient and the physician. It would seem arming patients with tools to collect real-time data, would be a superior strategy to relying on their recall or occasional physician office visits to collect that information.


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Guide to becoming a better manager with PINot a PI Client? Request a Demo
Have your employees completed the PI Behavioral Assessment? If not, use the Sending Assessments Guide to learn how to assess your employees and understand their drives, needs, and behaviors in the workplace. Then, come back here to learn about leveraging those results to develop your management capabilities.
All set? Now let's begin.
Here's your roadmap to using PI's tools to develop managers.
1. Manage people
Use these tools when:
- Entering a managerial role for the first time
- Managing a new employee
- Handling conflict between two employees
Whether you're a first time manager or one with years of experience, PI's Manager Development Chart provides you with actionable insights based on your behavioral drives. The chart includes a description of your natural strengths and respective caution areas to consider as a manager. There are also self-coaching tips provided to help you balance your most naturally occurring behavioral style in a variety of situations.
Here's how to generate the Manager Development Chart:
Have you ever managed two employees who just don't see eye to eye? Employee conflict can lead to decreased motivation, trust, and performance on a team.
The PI Relationship Guide is a tool designed specifically to mediate these conversations. Through awareness of employees' communication styles, strengths, cautions, and blockers, this guide can help you form better, more effective working relationships while minimizing personal squabbles.
Here's how to generate the 1:1 Relationship Guide:
Don't let different working styles get in the way of productivity. Reach out to your PI Champion to learn more about how the relationship guide can help you navigate those complex work relationships!
Are two employees not seeing eye to eye? Download their Relationship Guide and set up a meeting with them both. Here's a general framework for this conversation:
1. Start with Relationship Strengths – Open the conversation by exploring the strengths that the two recognize in each other. For example, " [Person 1] tell me something that [Person 2] does really well."
2. Move on to Relationship Cautions – Ask each employee to describe the conflict at hand without interrupting each other. If the conflict aligns with any of the cautions listed on the Relationship Guide, let the employees know that the conflict arose from a difference in their natural behaviorsthis often provides a sense of relief. If not, move on to step 3.
3. Give Relationship Tips – Using what you learned in the session and what you already know about the two employees, facilitate a conversation that explores actions they can each take based on the Relationship Tips section of the Relationship Guide. Remember that Relationship Strengths can be leveraged while planning these actions!
2. Manage expectations
Use the Management Strategy Guide when:
- Becoming a new manager for a team
- A new employee is added to the team
- Meetings with employees, such as 1 on 1s and Performance Reviews
A common pitfall for managers is thinking, "If I treat everyone how I want to be treated, I'll be a great manager." PI's Management Strategy Guide gives managers custom insights into how to manage others the way they want to be managed— no guesswork involved.
The guide identifies what management strategies will enable individuals to thrive, based on their behavioral preferences for workplace interactions, how they take action, respond to risk, and make decisions.
Here's how to generate the Management Strategy Guide:
Check out our Guide to Developing Individuals for more examples on when to use the Management Strategy Guide!
Print, download, or email a direct report's Management Strategy Guide to share with two people:
- The direct report
- The manager
(Both people should receive the same version of the Management Strategy Guide)
Have the manager and their direct report(s) work through the Management Strategy Guide exercise separately.
- The direct report should review page 1 and complete item 1 (Reflect) on page 2 as an assessment of their manager
- The manager should review page 1 and complete item 1 (Reflect) on page 2 as an assessment of themselves
Then, bring the two together for an action planning conversation. During this meeting, the manager and direct report will compare their responses from page 1 of the Management Strategy Guide to review both strengths and opportunities.
Finally, the manager & direct report will use items 2, 3, and 4 on page 2 of the Management Strategy Guide to build an action plan based on the discussion. Do this 1-2 times a year.
3. Manage growth
Use the Coaching Guide when:
- Aligning an employee's natural behaviors with your expectations of the role
- Preparing a new employee for the behavioral expectations of their role
- Coaching an employee towards better performance
Use the Coaching Guide to provide your employees with custom reflection questions based on their behaviors. These prompts will help them leverage their natural strengths for a given role—or identify areas of growth and actions to take to more closely meet the company's expectations for their role.
Consider what you are trying to achieve as a manager. Take into account the employee's situation. Is this a new employee? A low performer? High performer? Disengaged team member? This context, along with your intended outcome, will influence how you approach the conversation and identify specific actions to take to improve performance.
Here's how to generate a Coaching Guide:
- It is important that the employee come up with specific goals, and the solutions to take them to the next level. Support the employee in taking ownership of both the goal and the solution. Ask the employee where they think they have room for improvement. You may "know" the solution, but the idea is to get the employee to realize this on their own.
- Remember that the goal should be SMART (specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and timely).
- Ask questions to help the employee come up with action items to accomplish their performance goal, such as, "What are some ways you could do that?"
- Here's an Employee Goals template that can help you get started.
- Follow up with the employee.
- Before the end of the meeting, agree to a follow-up plan. The follow up is an important but often forgotten step; work gets busy, and schedules become packed. Put time on your calendars now to check in later for progress, which can help keep both you and the employee accountable.
- Suggested check in dates are 30, 60, and 90 days out for short-term goals, or quarterly for longer-term goals.
When the employee's goal is attained with their current job, celebrate the accomplishment! Now it's time to look toward the future and what opportunities or career paths are available for the employee. Repeat this process with a future job in mind.
Use the Manager's Guide to Reference Profiles
General tips for managing employees for each of the 17 Reference Profiles.
PI's People Management Study
Discover the traits that most strongly correlate with great (and terrible) managers.


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This model demonstrates the use of GoldSim's optimization feature to calibrate a snowmelt model by automatically adjusting parameters to achieve correlation between historic streamflow record and streamflow calculated in the model. The historic record used to drive the snowmelt model includes temperature and precipitation. Calibration accuracy is measured using an R2 factor. Five model parameters are used as optimization variables and the objective function is to maximize the R^2 factor, which is documented in the model. An R^2 value of 1.0 indicates perfect calibration.
The optimization parameters include recession constants (x, y), and the degree-day factor (a).
The snowmelt-runoff model (SRM) is known to provide support for reservoir operators and water supply managers in anticipating and acting on changes in snowmelt runoff. WinSRM can be used for predicting snowmelt runoff which can then be incorporated into a reservoir model to estimate fill targets for the early summer months and often provides decision makers with increased knowledge for their annual strategic planning. To further understand their risks, modelers can use model results from SRM and statistically analyze them to quantify risks probabilistically. Refer to the Snowmelt-Runoff Model User's Manual for more information about the SRM model.
Download the Model File:


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Are you tired of your audio device emitting an annoying crackling sound? Have you noticed that it only happens when you're reading Black Book? You're not alone. This issue is common among many audiophiles and can be frustrating. In this article, we will explore the causes behind the crackling sound and provide you with step-by-step solutions to fix it. From identifying the root cause of the problem to troubleshooting the audio device, we'll cover everything you need to know to restore your listening experience to its former glory. So buckle up and let's get started!
|Cause of Crackling Sound
|Dryness or Irritation in Eyes
|Apply Eye Drops
|Drink Plenty of Water and Get Enough Sleep
|Use Adequate Lighting
|Choose a Well-Lit Area for Reading
|Use an Air Purifier
|Close Windows and Doors to Keep Out Pollutants
Understanding the Causes of Crackling Sound After Reading Black Book
When reading a physical book, sometimes you may hear a crackling sound while flipping through the pages. This can be caused by several factors, including:
1. Dust and debris on the book's cover or spine: Over time, dust and debris can accumulate on the cover of a book, causing it to make a crackling sound when you turn the pages. You should brush off any dust or debris gently with a soft-bristled brush or compressed air.
2. Dryness of the paper: If the paper in the book is too dry, it can cause the ink to crackle as you flip through the pages. To fix this problem, you can place the book on a flat surface and expose it to humidity for a few hours.
3. Age of the book: Old books are more likely to make crackling sounds than newer ones. This is because the paper may have become brittle or discolored over time. However, some old books are still in good condition and can be enjoyed without any issues.
4. Damage to the spine or cover: If the spine or cover of the book has been damaged, it may cause the pages to make a crackling sound when you turn them. In this case, the book may need to be taken to a professional for repairs.
5. Reading in a noisy environment: If you are reading in a noisy environment, such as near a fan or air conditioner, it can create a crackling sound that is not related to the book itself. You should try to read in a quiet location to minimize any distractions.
Identifying the root cause of the crackling sound is important because it will help you determine the best course of action to fix the problem. For example, if the issue is caused by dryness of the paper, you can simply expose the book to humidity and continue reading. However, if the damage is more severe, such as a damaged spine or cover, you may need to seek professional assistance.
Troubleshooting Techniques to Fix the Issue
Once you have identified the cause of the crackling sound, there are several troubleshooting techniques you can use to fix the problem:
1. Quick fix solutions for minor issues: For minor issues, such as dust or debris on the book's cover, you can simply brush off any dirt with a soft-bristled brush or compressed air. If the issue is caused by dryness of the paper, you can place the book on a flat surface and expose it to humidity for a few hours.
2. More in-depth troubleshooting steps for more severe problems: For more severe issues, such as damage to the spine or cover, you may need to take the book to a professional for repairs. If the issue is caused by a faulty binding, you may need to replace the entire book. In some cases, it may be necessary to replace individual pages if they are damaged.
It's important to note that not all issues with crackling sound can be fixed, and in some cases, the damage may be irreversible. If the book is too old or damaged, it may be best to accept its condition and continue reading without any distractions.
Adjusting Your Reading Environment
In addition to troubleshooting techniques, adjusting your reading environment can also help minimize crackling sounds:
1. Lighting: Poor lighting can cause the pages of a book to appear grainy or blurry, which can contribute to crackling sounds. Make sure you are reading in a well-lit area with good contrast between the page and the background. You can also adjust the angle of the light source to find the optimal balance.
2. Distance and angle: Reading too close to the book can cause strain on your eyes and make it more difficult to read. Try to maintain a comfortable distance from the book and adjust the angle of your reading glasses if necessary. Additionally, avoid holding the book in one hand for extended periods of time, as this can put undue stress on your arm and wrist.
By making these adjustments to your reading environment, you can minimize crackling sounds and improve your overall reading experience.
1. Fixing Cracking Sound After Reading Black Book
If you've ever experienced a crackling sound while reading a book, it can be quite frustrating. Fortunately, there are several ways to fix this issue and get back to enjoying your book without any distractions. In this section, we will discuss the most common causes of a crackling sound when reading and how you can fix them.
2. Understanding the Causes
There are several factors that can cause a crackling sound while reading, including:
– Page turning: When you turn pages quickly, it can put stress on the spine of the book. Over time, this can lead to cracking sounds.
– Finger pressure: If you apply too much pressure on the pages when turning them, it can cause damage to the spine and pages of the book. This can also contribute to a crackling sound.
– Storage conditions: Improper storage conditions can cause books to dry out and become brittle. When this happens, the pages may crack more easily when turning them, leading to a crackling sound.
3. Fixing the Issue
To fix a crackling sound while reading, you can try several methods:
– Use a bookmark: Instead of flipping through the pages quickly, use a bookmark to keep your place in the book. This will reduce the stress on the spine and prevent damage to the pages.
– Slide your finger off the page gently: If you do need to turn a page, slide your finger off the page gently instead of lifting it up abruptly. This can help prevent damage to the spine and pages of the book.
– Store your books properly: Make sure your books are stored in a cool, dry place with proper ventilation. Avoid stacking books on top of each other or placing them in direct sunlight, as these can cause the pages to become brittle and crack more easily.
4. Choosing the Right Reading Materials
To avoid cracking sounds while reading, it's important to choose the right materials for your reading needs. Here are some factors to consider:
– Format: Hardcover books are generally the best option for reading because they offer more protection for the spine and pages than paperback or eBook formats. However, if you prefer a lighter or smaller book, a paperback or eBook may be a better choice.
– Condition: Avoid purchasing books that are in poor condition, as these may be prone to cracking sounds while reading. Look for books with a firm spine and pages that are not brittle or discolored.
– Author: Choose books written by experienced authors who know how to write engaging stories without overly stressing the reader's hands.
5. Preventive Measures to Avoid Future Problems
To prevent crackling sounds while reading in the future, here are some tips to consider:
– Store your books properly: Proper storage conditions can help prevent damage to the spine and pages of your books, reducing the risk of cracking sounds.
– Use bookmarks or page markers: Instead of flipping through the pages quickly, use bookmarks or page markers to keep your place in the book. This will reduce stress on the spine and prevent damage to the pages.
– Be gentle with your books: Handle your books gently when turning pages or placing them on shelves. Avoid applying too much pressure on the spine or pages, as this can cause damage and increase the risk of cracking sounds.
– Choose high-quality materials: Invest in high-quality books made from durable materials that will last longer and withstand more use. Avoid purchasing cheap or poorly made books that are prone to cracking sounds.
1. What is a crackling sound when reading a Black Book?
A crackling sound when reading a Black Book may indicate that there is a problem with the device's speakers or audio output. It could also be a sign of hardware failure or damage to the device.
2. How do I fix a crackling sound in my Black Book?
Here are some steps you can take to fix a crackling sound in your Black Book:
– Check the speaker connections: Make sure that all cables and connections between the speakers and the device are securely plugged in.
– Restart the device: Turn off the Black Book and then turn it back on. This may help to reset any audio issues.
– Clean the speakers: Dust or debris can build up on the speakers, causing a crackling sound. Use a soft brush or compressed air to clean the speakers carefully.
– Update the device drivers: Make sure that your Black Book's drivers are up to date. Outdated drivers can cause audio issues.
3. Why is there a crackling sound when I read on my Black Book?
There could be several reasons for a crackling sound when reading on your Black Book, including:
– Speaker damage: If the speakers are damaged, they may produce a crackling sound.
– Audio settings issues: If the audio settings on your Black Book are not configured correctly, you may hear a crackling sound.
– Background noise: If there is background noise in the room where you are reading, it can cause


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Climate change models predict more frequent and more intense extreme weather events (EWE) for Europe in future decades. Great attention has been devoted to the health effects of high temperatures while the impact of other extreme weather events have been less investigated.
The recently concluded PHASE project, co-funded by the EU Commission Executive Agency for Health and Consumers (CHAFEA), provides a framework of tools for the preparedness and response to heat waves, cold, flooding, wildfires and synergies between EWE and air pollution events in order to reduce their impacts on health. A key feature of the PHASE project is the focus on public health. Tools provided within PHASE aim to improve prevention efforts and identify subgroups vulnerable to EWE in order to target prevention activities and optimize resources. The project includes public health institutions, research centers and universities from Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom.
Main findings from PHASE include:
- A temporal variation in the effect of heat was observed in 9 EU cities (Athens, Barcelona, Budapest, Helsinki, Paris, London, Rome, Stockholm, Valencia) with a reduction in Mediterranean cities (adaptation) and an increase in Scandinavian cities (higher exposure) in recent years. Cold remains a relevant problem in all countries, with an increase in the impact in warmer areas which are not prepared. Cold prevention plans should include informative campaigns to raise awareness of risk, identification of at risk subgroups of people to actively monitor during winter and specific measures in energy and housing sector to address the indoor heating issue in winter. Susceptible subgroups may change over time and these need to be monitored to identify changes and account for emerging new at risk groups to whom prevention should be specifically addressed.
- The synergistic effect of heat and high pollutant concentrations (ozone and PM10) was observed with a significant effect on health. It is important to develop integrated heat and air pollution warning systems and prevention measures should be activated especially during heat wave days with high levels of air pollution.
- Wildfire smoke is more toxic than anthropogenic particulate matter. The synergy between the occurrence of forest fires and high PM concentrations has an effect on total, CVD and respiratory mortality.
- The health effects of flooding are extensive and occur before, during and after a flood episode. Flooding impacts are both acute as well as medium and long-term. Surveillance indicators to monitor and assess the impact of flooding on health, and a health register protocol to improve preparedness and response to flooding were defined. Adequate planning and a multi-agency approach is required to effectively minimize the health effects.
- Susceptible subgroups include: elderly, people with low socio-economic status, living in proximity to high risk areas, people suffering from chronic disease associated to each specific EWE. Children and pregnant women (risk of preterm delivery) were identified as being at greater risk to heat and air pollution.
PHASE provides a prevention framework of tools that provide knowledge on health risks associated to EWEs, and identify subgroups vulnerable to EWE in order to target public health actions and improve prevention efforts (_URL_ The uptake of this common approach will help maximize resources, improve adaptation and reduce the impact on health.
More information about PHASE can be found at _URL_.
About the Authors: Francesca de'Donato, PHASE Coordinating Team, Paola Michelozzi PHASE Coordinator and Head of Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service ASL RME, Rome, Italy.


What is meta? ×
Today I came across this post, where all the variable names were in Slovak. Obviously, when the variables are named in Slovak, it's difficult to figure out what the logic is.
Before posting this question, I found this post that mostly answers my question; except the question itself was in English, just the variable names were not. This post doesn't answer my question either, because if you remove the non-English content, there's no more code.
In this particular case, I translated the variable names to English, which may also have been the wrong move, but I wanted to know what to do for future reference.
share|improve this question
2 Answers 2
up vote 11 down vote accepted
I wouldn't touch them.
From a technical perspective, this would result in equivalent code at best. At worst, it could cause accidental changes in meaning and/or behavior.
From a reader understanding perspective, this could make the OP's intent somewhat more clear, assuming that the OP selected sensible variable names in his native language in the first place. However, it could just as easily reduce the usefulness of existing comments/answers that refer to the old names.
Changes also run the risk of confusing the OP, who might not understand the English names. Heck, I get thrown for a loop sometimes when my variable names are changed from English to English, and my English skills are quite good (in my not-at-all-humble opinion).
You could achieve all of the pros with none of the cons by posting a list of translations in a comment, or maybe in the question body underneath the code snippet.
share|improve this answer
+1 for adding a key of translations. – Servy Dec 5 '12 at 19:53
Yeah, that's what I should have done. I didn't think of it. Thanks _USER_ – durron597 Dec 5 '12 at 20:02
Generally in programming, variables names mean nothing. A good programmer should be able to tell what's happening without knowing what the variable "translates" to, especially in the example provided. So, from that perspective alone, I see no reason to edit the variable names. – animuson Dec 5 '12 at 20:19
_USER_ I usually can tell, but it takes more effort - I have to figure out what something's for, not just immediately knowing. The question is much less useful if people have to figure out what variables mean before they can understand the post. – durron597 Dec 5 '12 at 20:22
_USER_ I think that applies much more in the professional world than on Stack Overflow. When you're looking at a small, possibly non-compiling piece of a program on a question that provides only minimal or incomplete context, good names can be pretty helpful. – Pops Dec 5 '12 at 20:27
_USER_ wrote "A good programmer should be able to tell what's happening without knowing what the variable 'translates' to." Maybe, if the code isn't too sophisticated, but most importantly, only if the code works. This is less of an issue for code that makes heavy use of a common API, but a broken algorithm in a foreign language is incomprehensible. – arx Mar 3 '13 at 14:23
_USER_ "Generally in programming, variables names mean nothing." I strongly and totally disagree. If your statement were true, you could code with variables names like "a, b, c, d, e". And from there, let's name your functions f1, f2, f3, f4 (and so on, on classes, files...). The difference between a sensible, explicit and non ambiguous name and one chosen with less care is often one or more bugs added at first write, or on further edits or even refactors. – Guillaume Jul 30 '13 at 21:56
I think that's ok, but there are a few caveats:
 - Make really sure you're not introducing bugs with the renames.
 - Make really sure you're not fixing bugs with the renames.
 - Check the answers – they are going to look real strange if they reference the original names that the question doesn't contain anymore.
So you better be fluent in both the natural and programming languages of the question.
If you don't have full edit privileges, I'd say avoid it unless it is completely trivial - these things are hard to check unless the code snippet is really trivial (and if it is, it probably doesn't need fixing anyway).
share|improve this answer
I do have over 2000 reputation on SO. Interestingly, there was one answer that was using the old variable names, but it was written while I was making the change and has since been deleted. – durron597 Dec 5 '12 at 19:33
There's one other major thing you have to consider here: by doing so, you may be forcing the OP to translate them back in order to implement any solution into their program, especially if it was only a snippet out of a larger program. – animuson Dec 5 '12 at 19:45
I think value to future visitors (including potential answers) trumps that. OP will hopefully get his problem fixed - and extra translation back to his own language shouldn't be too bad. – Mat Dec 5 '12 at 19:49
_USER_ Thankfully most IDE's have a refactor mechanism that makes that easy(er), and they still have their original code to compare with their edited OP to see what translates to what. – Servy Dec 5 '12 at 19:54
_USER_ But no sane programmer uses non-English variable names in production code, alrite? – H2CO3 Aug 7 '13 at 15:08
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Does Google have a photo editing software? – Learn Photo Editing Techniques Lightroom Tutorials 2020
November 22, 2020
The image at the top was edited with Photoshop, but the other three were probably done by a human. I haven't worked on Google's photo editing software, but my bet would be on Photoshop. Google's photo editing software, which the company is reportedly working on, is probably being built with a version of the Adobe Photoshop software.
Update, Dec. 1, 3:30 p.m.: Google reportedly hired a designer to work on a photo editing system for Photos, the company's suite of photo editing tools. The designer apparently has a background in software that integrates with Adobe Photoshop.
It sounds like Google already has a photo editing software in development, one that is designed to allow humans to improve their photos in a way that Google's automated editing system cannot. The new software will let a computer take images, adjust them, and make them look much better. Google seems to believe that this new software can even be done much more quickly—so fast in fact that in some ways it takes less time to create the new version of the service it's working on than an on-demand version of its photo editing service could.
I am interested in the history of the American republic in regard to trade policy: why was America initially a free-trade nation and how has it changed since? Is it possible to determine the reasons for this change?
In terms of the development of trade policy, the historical pattern is that the country that was free-trading developed more rapidly. The United States became free when its industrial infrastructure began to develop.
The question to ask, then, is: Why did this development occur? How do we explain it? This is exactly why the question is so difficult to answer. It is a historical quagmire that can only be explained as an outcome of the evolution of society.
But what is interesting is the fact that this change occurred with almost complete disregard for the interests of the domestic economy. From the outset, tariffs were introduced to protect domestic producers. It was believed that protecting American workers from foreign competition would lead to higher sales and higher profits.
The protectionist movement began immediately as the economy began to recover from the recession of 1921. The tariff legislation was first put forward in 1920 by President William Howard Taft, who had just suffered massive electoral defeat. By the early 1920s the American economy was showing signs of healing. A new steel mill, the Bethlehem Steel Corporation, was producing enough steel to manufacture 1,500 tons of steel
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In this post, we look at the functions of the kinship system in Nigeria culture. Kinship is a social relationship that defines who we are and where we are from. Kinship, being a cultural artifact can actually shape the way people do things, the way peoeple think, the way people believe things. In fact, I believe, since it is something created by man in reference to one's culture and history, is more or less, cultural heritage of a people.
Functions Of Kinship System In Nigeria Culture:
So many functions have been seen carried out within the kinship system in Nigeria. Since kinship is owned by almost every society, some of its functions, as I will be discussing in this article will seems familiar, while others will not, nonetheless, we are going to look at quite a number of the functions of kinship system in Nigeria in this article, and here are there;
* Kinship Defines Acceptable Role Of Engagement:
In every society, there is acceptable role of engagement, and such role of engagement is made possible by kinship. Besides this however, there is also role of relationship between and among members of a family. You look at the parents – children relationship, relationship between father and son, relationship between father and daughter, relationship between mother and daughter, relationship between mother and son, and so on and so forth. So it is kinship that bring about proper way of relating with one another within a family. Apart from defining proper role relationship within a family, kinship also guides or provides guidelines for persons to interact among themselves and/or between themselves.
* Kinship Determines Relationship Lines:
Relationship line in every family, I think is necessary, and this is the function of kinship system in Nigeria, where family line relationship is determined accordingly. In a family, a relationship could be a distance one or a close relationship, depending on the family in question. Therefore, the kinship system in Nigeria can work in a way that can determined what relationship family relationship lines are.
* Kinship Decides Who To And Who Not To Marry:
This is another function of kinship system in Nigeria, it draws a path and guide you on how to go through the path. For instance, it is the kinship that will determine who you should marry and who you should not marry, where to marry and where you should not marry. Once there is order that you cannot marry there, and that, relationship there, maritally is taboo, you have no choice. So it is the kinship system that decides.
* Kinship Influences Religious Practices:
Kinship in a sense, do influenced people's religious practices. What is expected from every member of a religious sect for example, is defined by kinship system, including the determination of the rights of the people, and obligations of these people, who belonged to, or indulged in religious practices and that of sacraments, which actually begins from the point, where someone is born and through a point where this person is deat
* Kinship Maintains Relationships:
Another function of the kinship system in Nigeria is to ensure that there is maintenance of solidarity of relationships. Such solidarity of relationship is mostly enjoyed among members of the family, the father, the mother, children and any other member of the family
* Determines Obligations And The Rights Of Family:
Kinship system in Nigeria also determined the obligations, the rights of the family. This is can be seen in tribal and rural societies. Kinship relation also determined the obligations and the rights of political power, the rights of marriage, as well as determined the obligations and the rights of system production, and this happened within a family.
* Kinship Regulates Beheviour Of Kin:
Kinship system in Nigeria functions in a number of ways, particularly, in tribal societies, when used in different ways. One of the functions of the kin system, when used in different ways is that, it will regulatates behaviours of different kin. So through the many usages of the kinship, there is that possibility of regulating the behaviour of every kin.
* Kinship Helps In Designating Kin Of Various Types:
Kinship is known for helping in the process of classification of different types of kin_and this happened as the result of some terms within the kinship system, and through such terms, the designation and the description of different types of kin is made possible.
* Kinship Creates Groupings Of Kin:
Another function of the kinship system in Nigeria is that, by the virtue of different ways of using kinship, groupings of kin can be created. Therefore, the creation of special groupings of kin happened through the usage of kinship.
* Kinship Governs Role Relationship:
In kinship, there are some rules, and these kinship rules have a way of affecting or mpacting on the role of relationships within the family. Among various kins, there would be this rule of kinship that will governs the relationship role, as related to the family.
* Kinship Regulates Social Life:
There are so many functions of the kinship system in Nigeria, and one of such functions is that of acting as the social life regulator. Social life is regulated in almost every society, and what made it possible for social life regulations is kinship system.
* Kinship Influences Production System:
System of production can be influenced through kinship system. Apart from influencing production system, kinship system goes as far as influencing other aspects of kinship within the family, such aspects of kinship include, land ownership within the family, as well as the concept of wealth and their various usages.
Kinship has several importance in a social structure. Kinship decides who you can marry and who you cannot marry, possibly, where marital relationships are taboo. It also determines rights and obligations of every member in every religious practices within the society from when someone is born and up to the point he is dead. The important of kinship system in Nigeria cannot be underestimated, and the important of kinship system can be seen within the family functions and at the event of marriage. It is also good to note the kinship system haa a way of determining family line.
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For thermoelectric transport in the presence of a magnetic field that breaks time-reversal symmetry, a strong bound on the Onsager coefficients is derived within a general setup using three terminals. Asymmetric Onsager coefficients lead to a maximum efficiency substantially smaller than the Carnot efficiency reaching only ηC/4 in the limit of strong asymmetry. Related bounds are derived for efficiency at maximum power, which can become larger than the Curzon-Ahlborn value ηC/2, and for a cooling device. Our approach reveals that in the presence of reversible currents the standard analysis based on the positivity of entropy production is incomplete without considering the role of current conservation explicitly.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Physics and Astronomy(all)


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Lottie Moon (_PHONE_)
After a brief teaching career in Cartersville,
Moon was born on December 12, 1840, to affluent and staunchly Baptist parents, Anna Maria Barclay and Edward Harris Moon. She grew up (to her full height of 4 feet 3 inches) on the family's ancestral plantation, Viewmont, in Albemarle County, Virginia. A precocious and irreverent child, Moon underwent a spiritual awakening at the age of eighteen, after a series of revivals on her college campus. Educated at Baptist-affiliated Virginia Female Seminary (later Hollins Institute) and Albemarle Female Institute in Charlottesville, Virginia, Moon received in 1861 one of the first master of arts degrees awarded to a woman by a southern institution.
Although she had several suitors, Moon was uninterested in marriage, feeling called to foreign mission work, specifically in the Far East. The field was closed to single women, however, and Moon reluctantly settled into a teaching career that took her to Cartersville, where she opened a school for young girls in 1871. There she joined the First Baptist Church and ministered to the poor and impoverished families of Bartow County.
By 1873 the Southern Baptist Convention had relaxed its policy against sending single women into the mission field, and on July 7 the Foreign Mission Board officially appointed Moon as a missionary to China. She reported to the North China Mission Station in the treaty port of Tengchow, and began her ministry by teaching in established missionary schools, but evangelism took her often into the countryside. In 1885, at the age of forty-five, Moon gave up teaching and moved into the interior to evangelize full-time in the area of P'ingtu. Throughout her missionary career, Moon faced plague, famine, revolution, and war.
Moon's converts numbered in the hundreds, and the many letters she penned to the Foreign Mission Board and Baptist publications poignantly described the life of a missionary and pleaded the "desperate need" for more missionaries, which the poorly funded board could not provide. Then, in 1887, Moon wrote to the Foreign Mission Journal and proposed that the week before Christmas be established as a time of giving to foreign missions, and she dared Baptists to ignore this financial responsibility. The Woman's Missionary Union, an auxiliary to the Southern Baptist Convention, was established the next year and collected enough money during the first Christmas to send three missionaries to China. Renamed the Lottie Moon Christmas Offering for Foreign Missions in 1918, it has since raised an amount that averages more than $20 million annually.
Alone in the interior and deprived of Western companionship, Moon increasingly retreated into the "inner chamber" of her heart, relying on the word of God as revealed to her in Scripture and developing a near mystical relationship with Christ. Immersed in the culture, Moon came to feel "as one" with the Chinese, and during a resurgence of famine in 1911 she gave all her food and money to famine relief. By the time her assistants in Tengchow discovered that she had been starving herself to feed the Chinese, she weighed a mere fifty pounds. Moon died at the age of seventy-two, on December 24, 1912, in the harbor of Kobe, Japan, while en route to America. The official cause of her death was listed as dementia.
Catherine B. Allen, The New Lottie Moon Story (Nashville, Tenn.: Broadman Press, 1980).
Keith Harper, ed., Send the Light: Lottie Moon's Letters and Other Writings (Macon, Ga.: Mercer University Press, 2002).
Irwin T. Hyatt, Our Ordered Lives Confess: Three Nineteenth-Century American Missionaries in East Shantung (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1976).
Chantal Parker, Cartersville
A project of the Georgia Humanities Council, in partnership with the University of Georgia Press, the University System of Georgia/GALILEO, and the Office of the Governor.


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Do you want to experiment with hemp vaping? Hence a dried herbs vape is ideal for you. Dried herb vapers, as opposed to concentration vaporizers, are meant to use with simple herbs, able to enjoy many of the advantages of smoking marijuana without the combustion. Vapes function by warming and evaporating CBD and terpenes without incinerating them. Furthermore, as the title indicates, dried herb vapes are solely intended to vape raw blossoms and other plants' stuff. You can do an online purchase through Tokeplanet.
Steps to use the dry herb vaporizer
- Examine the user guide: There's a purpose your vape includes a handbook. Whenever you begin, make sure you completely read it and learn about the details of the vaporizer's manufacturer and designer.
- Power your vape: The majority of vaping products on the marketplace have USB adapters. Every time recharge your vape entirely by plugging it into a wall charger instead of a Computer for quicker charging and to increase the lifespan of your rechargeable battery. Allow your vaporizer to fully discharge its charge the very first two to three times you are using it to properly balance the batteries and prolong its durability.
- The "burn-off": Next phase isn't normally mentioned in your vape's user manual, however, it's critical since it clears your vaping of any waste that could have accumulated in its cartridge during manufacturing or preservation. After charging your vaporizer, ensure the cartridge is clear, clean it of apparent debris, switch it on, and then let it warm to its max frequency. Continue two to three times to ensure it burns out any waste in the cartridge.
- Preparing the herb: Because huge bits of flowers won't evaporate effectively, crush your cannabis to a moderate texture to provide it with a broader, more uniform surface space. This would let your device create better doses that are rich in CBD and THC.
- Fill your compartment: At this stage, you must make sure to follow all the instructions exactly the way they are mentioned in the user manual. Avoid overfilling your cartridge, since this might impair your vape's capabilities to accomplish correctly.
- Preheat your vaporizer: Virtually every vape mostly on the marketplace now includes a preheat option. Utilize this option for heating it faster and having a greater vaping feel.
- Choose your temperature: After your vaporizer has warmed, it's necessary to choose your temp. Certain vapes feature pre-set heat fixtures, whereas others include a temperature control that may be customized. In any scenario, you'll probably require a few attempts to discover the option that works best for you.
Hope you will remember the above process as these steps can be used for almost all the models.


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Graph and digraph embedding problems.
This thesis is a study of the symmetry of graphs and digraphs by considering certain homogeneous embedding requirements. Chapter 1 is an introduction to the chapters that follow. In Chapter 2 we present a brief survey of the main results and some new results in framing number theory. In Chapter 3, the notions of frames and framing numbers is adapted to digraphs. A digraph D is homogeneously embedded in a digraph H if for each vertex x of D and each vertex y of H, there exists an embedding of D in H as an induced subdigraph with x at y. A digraph F of minimum order in which D can be homogeneously embedded is called a frame of D and the order of F is called the framing number of D. We show that that every digraph has at least one frame and, consequently, that the framing number of a digraph is a well defined concept. Several results involving the framing number of graphs and digraphs then follow. Analogous problems to those considered for graphs are considered for digraphs. In Chapter 4, the notions of edge frames and edge framing numbers are studied. A nonempty graph G is said to be edge homogeneously embedded in a graph H if for each edge e of G and each edge f of H, there is an edge isomorphism between G and a vertex induced subgraph of H which sends e to f. A graph F of minimum size in which G can be edge homogeneously embedded is called an edge frame of G and the size of F is called the edge framing number efr(G) of G. We also say that G is edge framed by F. Several results involving edge frames and edge framing numbers of graphs are presented. For graphs G1 and G2, the framing number fr(G1, G2 ) (edge framing number ef r(GI, G2 )) of G1 and G2 is defined as the minimum order (size, respectively) of a graph F such that Gj (i = 1,2) can be homogeneously embedded in F. In Chapter 5 we study edge framing numbers and framing number for pairs of cycles. We also investigate the framing number of pairs of directed cycles.


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|WHO, UNICEF Tackle Critical Lack of 'Child Size' Medicines|
Geneva - 21 January 2009 -- The World Health Organization (WHO) has received a US$ 9.7 million grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to work with UNICEF to conduct crucial research in children's medicines, with the aim of increasing the number of 'child size' medicines designed and formulated specifically for children.
Currently, many medicines are only designed for adults. More than 50 percent of medicines prescribed for children have either not been developed specifically for children or have not been proven to be effective and safe for their use. Therefore many children lack access to essential treatment because no suitable paediatric dosage or formulation of the necessary medicine exists, or those that do exist are not available or are too expensive.
"We must take the guess work out of medicines for children," said Carissa Etienne, Assistant Director-General, WHO. "Children are suffering and dying from diseases we can treat, and yet we lack the critical evidence needed to deliver appropriate, effective, affordable medicines that might save them."
As an unsafe alternative to missing paediatric medicines, healthcare workers and parents often use fractions of adult dosage forms or prepare makeshift prescriptions of medicines by crushing tablets or dissolving portions of capsules in water. Other challenges include the need for more clinical trials and research to be carried out on paediatric medicines.
"Some progress has been made on children's medicines but too many medicines are still given to children that have never been properly tested for them," said Dr Hans Hogerzeil, Director of Essential Medicines and Pharmaceutical Policies, WHO. "This work is an excellent example of coordination of United Nations agencies and key experts in the world to address this urgent problem."
The grant provides support for essential research to: determine the optimum dosage forms for paediatric medicines (e.g. small tablets, dispersible tablets, powders); develop dosing guides (e.g. a review of existing priority medicines and the identification of the appropriate doses for new medicines for children); and develop guidelines for testing, treatment and use of medicines in children, including guidelines on conducting clinical trials in children.
Globally, 1000 children under the age of five die every hour. Diarrhoeal diseases account for 17 percent of these deaths. The optimal treatment for diarrhoea is zinc with oral rehydration salts. Yet, in a recent study of health facilities zinc was the least available of all paediatric medicines. And when zinc is available, it is not licensed as a treatment to reduce diarrhoea -- leaving pharmacists to concoct doses -- and it is both unpleasant tasting and difficult to administer. To reduce child mortality in this area, easy to use, palatable and appropriate dosages are needed.
"The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation grant will contribute to accelerating work on investigating, clarifying and communicating to partners, including industry, what the needs of children are in terms of medicines and dosages to more effectively fight child morbidity and mortality", Hanne Bak Pedersen, Deputy-Director UNICEF Supply Division, said. "UNICEF is very pleased to be working with WHO on this project and appreciates the support from the Gates Foundation."
Another major cause of under-five mortality is pneumonia, leading to 17 percent of deaths each year. Effective treatment of pneumonia requires 50mg of amoxicillin per kilogram of child's weight per day for three to five days. An easy to use package of oral amoxicillin providing the appropriate dose would ensure the right course of medicine is taken, and thus help reduce child mortality.
"Improving essential medicines for children is a critical global health issue," added Jaime Sepulveda, Director of Integrated Health Solutions Development, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. "This program will help provide effective health interventions to children and improve child survival, particularly in the world's poorest countries.
This work follows the WHO-led "make medicines child size" initiative launched in December 2007, which focuses on improving access to better medicines for children. The topic of children's medicines will be discussed at the WHO Executive Board meeting in January 2009.
For more information: Backgrounder -'make medicines child size' - _URL_
All press releases, fact sheets and other WHO media material may be found at _URL_
Grosvenor Medical Centre, off Shirley Street, Nassau, Bahamas


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Strength-Based Bill of Rights for Teens in the Juvenile Justice System
To help communities promote the strengths of young people in the juvenile justice system, Dr. Laura Burney Nissen developed the following strength-based bill of rights in 1998.
- I have the right to be viewed as a person capable of changing, growing, and becoming positively connected to my community no matter what types of delinquent behavior I have committed.
- I have a right to participation in the selection of services that build on my strengths.
- I have a right to contribute things I am good at and other strengths in all assessment and diagnostic processes.
- I have a right to have my resistance viewed as a message that the wrong approach may be being used with me.
- I have the right to learn from my mistakes and to have support to learn that mistakes don't mean failure. I have the right to view past maladaptive or antisocial behaviors as a lack of skills that I can acquire to change my life for the better.
- I have the right to experience success and to have support connecting previous successes to future goals.
- I have the right to have my culture included as a strength, and services which honor and respect my cultural beliefs.
- I have the right to have my gender issues recognized as a source of strength in my identity.
- I have the right to be assured that all written and oral, formal and informal communications about me include my strengths as well as needs.
- I have a right to surpass any treatment goals which have been set too low for me, or to have treatment goals that are different than those generally applied to all youth in the juvenile justice system.
- I have a right to be served by professionals who view youth positively, and understand that motivating me is related to successfully accessing my strengths.
- I have a right to have my family involved in my experience in the juvenile justice system in a way which acknowledges and supports our strengths as well as needs. I have a right to stay connected to my family no matter what types of challenges we face.
- I have the right to be viewed and treated as more than a statistic, stereotype, risk score, diagnosis, label, or pathology unit.
- I have a right to a future free of institutional or systems involvement and to services which most centrally and positively focus on my successful transition from institutions.
- I have the right to service providers who coordinate their efforts and who share a united philosophy that the key to my success is through my strengths.
- I have the right to exercise my developmental tasks as an adolescent — to try out new identities, to learn to be accountable and say I'm sorry for the harm I've caused others — all of which is made even more difficult if I'm labeled a "bad kid."
- I have the right to be viewed and treated as a redeemable resource, potential leader and success of the future.