When Mercury got wings
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volume 11
august 2008
When Mercury got wings
 Remembering Radio Mercur after fifty years
by Henrik Nørgaard
 Offshore radio broadcasting did not begin in Denmark. However, the concept of broadcasting popular music programs from international waters directed towards an audience in a country with a state monopoly on radio transmissions came from Radio Mercur, a Danish commercial radio station that started airing its programs on August 2nd, 1958 — now half a century ago. Henrik Nørgaard, author of the book Pirater i æteren (2003), takes us back to that day.
1 Left: Mercur's first radio ship, the small vessel Cheeta Mercur (Cheeta I)
Breaking the waves. The year is 1958 and the scene Denmark. Since the early days of radio broadcasting in the 1920's the Danish radio listeners had been used to the fact that their choice was easily made when deciding what to listen to on their radio receiver. The national broadcasting company had a law-enforced monopoly on transmitting radio signals, and there were only two programs to choose from. The concept was to educate and enlighten the audience and entertainment and modern music was almost banished. Or, at least only in minimized quanta for a few hours per week. On good days you were able to catch transmissions from Radio Luxembourg in a fairly good quality. Otherwise the only available alternative was the State Radiofonia ("Statsradiofonien"). But now, on August 2nd 1958, a new sound was in the air and could be heard over the loudspeakers.
 From international waters between Denmark and Sweden, just a few miles from Copenhagen, a floating radio station began to transmit music and commercials in a way that had never been heard before in Denmark. The new station, breaking the sea waves as well as the radio waves, was called Radio Mercur. Within a few years the idea had spread to other countries like Sweden, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. Radio Mercur has since been known as the pirate radio, which gave inspiration to a whole number of pirate radio or offshore radio stations. Here, we look back at the start of Radio Mercur in 1958 to celebrate the fifty years jubilee of the first pirate radio.
2 Right: Radio Mercur's impressive looking studio complex at Copenhagen
The underlying idea. The founding father of Mercur was Peer Jansen, a young man from Copenhagen. He had the same interest for new music as many other young people in Denmark. He tuned in on Radio Luxembourg to catch the latest hits and occasionally did listen to American Forces Network. But, on the national radio he rarely found the music he fancied. On a journey to the south of Europe, he discovered that the USA military used a ship, the MV Doddridge, in the Mediterranean Sea to transmit the programs of the "Voice of America" to the people in the Soviet-alliance countries in Eastern Europe. Jansen got the idea that something like Radio Luxembourg could be combined with a floating transmitter to form a totally new kind of radio station in Denmark. What he didn't know, was how to realize the idea. But he had a good network to draw on in order to find out.
 First of all: Danish national laws didn't allow such a thing as a private radio station. But how about international regulations? Jansen had a cousin, Børge Agerskov, who was a law student at the University of Copenhagen. Agerskov tells: "There was a lot of adventure in Peer. He was very good at inspiring people. While I was finishing my studies I spent a lot of time researching radio conventions — whether it was possible at all, and it was in some way." No one had yet thought of the possibility, that a radio station could be anchored in international waters and broadcast to a specific country without having permission.
 Secondly: What about the technical side? Well, Jansen had a brother in law who was a radio enthusiast. He knew of another radio enthusiast named William Petersen. Normally he was a bike repairer but he also was very skilled in making radio transmitters. Petersen took up the challenge to build an FM-transmitter and an antennae that could be used for the purpose.
 Thirdly: The idea was costly and there was a need for financing. Jansen was working in a family owned silverware company in Copenhagen, run by Ib Fogh. Jansen presented his idea to his boss, and soon Fogh was keen on the idea and willing to invest in the project together with Jansen himself. From that point around summer 1957 things went fast with the establishing of a brand new radio station. A year later Radio Mercur was ready to go on air with recording studios in a mansion in a suburb of Copenhagen, a radio big band, a floating transmitting station and a lot of enthusiastic people working as technicians, speakers and crew on the ship.
3 Left: Mercur's radio announcer Gitta Müller
New music and rising youth culture in a conservative landscape. How could anyone succeed in setting up a new radio station in a country with a monopoly on broadcasting radio, being unquestioned for decades? Denmark in the mid 1950's was a traditional society. Young people were expected to follow in the footsteps of their parents, and everybody was expected to obey the authorities. But, a new culture was rising — slowly but clearly. Talking about 1968 as a breakthrough in changing society, the path was already made many years before. A new kind of music — rock'n'roll — came to Denmark from England and the USA. Many young people were welcoming movies like "Rock Around the Clock" with Bill Haley and The Comets, shown in cinemas in Copenhagen in August 1957. Tommy Steele gave a concert in Copenhagen. Dance schools introduced rock'n'roll dancing.
 The new music arrived in different ways. It was welcomed by the young, but among the older generation it caused a lot of worries. Rock'n'roll music was thought to lead to loose and weak morals among the young generation, especially by the underlying sexual messages in the lyrics and its wild stage performance — just think of the hip movements of Elvis Presley! A leading dancer described the effect of the music in the newspaper Aftenbladet (The Evening Paper) on September 12th, 1956 as follows: "It's in the music. Performed rightly it is hypnotizing and narcotic like primitive drums on Indians and cannibals. It begins monotonous. After a while it excites more and more. At the end they are in the wildest ecstacy." And, the later program director of the national radio said: "On the question of rock'n'roll it is my opinion that it cannot be the task of The National Radio to promote knowledge of it, when we are told that it's all about mass hysteria."
 The young generation, though, wanted to hear to the music anyhow in spite of what their parents and the authorities said. They listened to Radio Luxembourg on tiny transistor receivers, the reception usually in a poor quality due to the long distance. Therefore Radio Mercur had success with a concept putting emphasis on the popular music — both from records and with live transmissions of young Danish bands, that were invited to be recorded and broadcasted by the new radio station.
4 Right: Ib Glindemann and his orchestra pose before the Mercur villa in Gentofte
Big plans. The people behind Radio Mercur had very ambitious plans. A mansion that earlier housed the Embassy of Argentine in Copenhagen was transformed into radio studios with facilities for the recording of commercials, programs and music. A jazz orchestra of sixteen musicians was hired as a radio big band. The leader, Ib Glindemann tells about the first contact:
"I was picked up on some phony address on the island of Amager [near to the center of Copenhagen]. An agent took me in his car and told me, that I was going to participate in something completely legal, but not to be talked about, because it had to be kept top secret. Well, he was a nice person, and I wanted a job for my orchestra. We drove to a big fancy villa in Gentofte, and I was shown into the high paneled rooms — it was incredibly beautiful, almost like an English country mansion. I was wellcomed by Arne Paaby, the artistic leader of the radio station. Paaby explained that a commercial radio station was to be established — and that was hot stuff at the time. Until then there only had been one station — the royal monopolized steam radio, so it was truly unbelievable! They seemed to know what they were up to. But they needed some music. I was 'in' those days and had a wellknown orchestra. They wanted to hire the orchestra, and we were to get a fair salary."
And so Glindemann and his orchestra became the new big band of Radio Mercur. In the villa the dining room was transformed into a concert hall. Recordings of dance music began soon after to warrant programs on stock for later transmissions. It was also Glindemann who composed the jingle for Mercur with three trumpets and a voice announcing "You're listening to Radio Mercur!"
5 Left: Danish police boarding Mercur's third ship, the MV Lucky Star
A difficult start. The preparations on land went fine, but on sea things were more troublesome. During July 1958 Radio Mercur announced several dates for the official launch of its transmissions, but all these failed due to technical problems with the ship, the Cheeta Mercur, or due to unexpected stormy weather in


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AZ Exotic Bird Rescue
About Us
The AZ Exotic Bird Rescue, Inc. is Arizona's premier avian rescue and sanctuary, dedicated to caring for surrendered, displaced, neglected and abused exotic birds. Our primary goal is to provide the birds we receive with the necessary care and attention they need for a happy and long life. In addition, we seek to educate the public about these amazing creatures and build a supportive community dedicated to finding homes for our birds.
What We Do
Our amazing staff and volunteers work tirelessly to provide rehabilitation, behavioral therapy, retirement, and adoption services for our birds. Since many of the birds we receive come from abusive homes or have never been handled, we take it upon ourselves to work with each animal and get them comfortable with human interaction so they have a better chance of being adopted.
Some birds, however, have no chance of being adopted. Whether it be due to medical problems, behavioral issues, or old age, we still seek to provide these creatures with the best quality of life possible. The AZ Exotic Bird Rescue is the permanent home for more than a dozen birds who've been surrendered to us over the years. Here we can ensure they receive the care they need as well as the love and affection they deserve. Click here to learn how you can support our permanent residents.
Bird Advocacy
Or commitment to saving birds extends beyond caring for those currently living at our rescue. We believe it's important to educate people on issues facing domestic birds in order to create a supportive community of individuals dedicated to the ethical treatment and ownership of these amazing creatures.
As birds tend to live such long lives, many rescues are overflowing with surrenders in need of permanent homes. Since there are more than enough adoptable birds available across the country, we advocate to end bird breeding programs and encourage prospective owners to adopt the many birds currently sitting in shelters.
Most captive-bred exotic birds are only a few generations out of the wild. They are still wild animals and are instinctively programmed to live lives that are very different from what humans provide in their homes. Some birds make the physical and mental transition from the wild mindset to captivity well, while many don't, to varying degrees. Many wild-caught exotic birds were able to bond successfully with humans throughout their lifetime despite the terror and trauma of capture. The United States legally and mercifully banned the importation of wild-caught exotic birds in 1993. However exotic birds are still horribly exploited by many breeders, dealers, and retailers who for selfish monetary gain sell the birds with little to no programs in place to educate the buyer as to the responsibilities of exotic bird ownership.
While we, the staff of AZ Exotic Bird Rescue, Inc. understand that breeders will continue to breed, we hope that we can serve to make a difference through education and support.
Hours of Operation:
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Sunday, March 16, 2008
Phrases To Impress
Yes thanks for the comment, Ninja, that repetition can drive you crazy. In fact, since I have been learning cantonese, I have found myself, at times, speaking cantonese (subconsciously) to myself and even talking to people in cantonese who are not chinese and do not understand any Cantonese!!! I have also found my normal everyday English suffering due to the different grammatical structures. Maybe these are the signs of my impending insanity - all caused, as you say, by constant repetition!
My summary of the whole situation is this: "Cantonese is freakin damn difficult! It is POOP CAY! All I can say is take your time! Try learning a few words each conversation you have. Furthermore, try learning some phrases that will quickly impress even though you have minimal knowledge of useful words. This later advice is for the person who just wants to impress others without the pain of having to learn alot of cantonese. I can only try to relate to such a person!!!! (please note the sarcasm of the previous statement!)
Ok now for some of these canto phrases:
1. Hou sum jok lui peck = good heart gets struck by lightning
(means something like: "There is no point doin good deeds, they're never appreciated anyway!" or "Do a good deed and get slapped in the face for it!")
2. Leng doh bao keng = so pretty the mirror shatters
Leng doh lau howl sou = so pretty i'm drooling
Leng doh pung pang seng = so pretty (bang bang) - I think the pung pang is a gunshot sound?
*basically all these phrases mean the same thing 'your so pretty!'
3. Bowl dinn waa chook = simmering telephone porridge
(porridge takes a long time to cook and hence I think this saying means "you are talking forever on the phone")
4. Hou loi mow kin = long time no see (lit.)
5. Whats wrong? = Mei si a?
6. Whats up? = Dim a?
7. Say something! = Gong ye la (it follows mei si a really well)
8. Don't worry = M gan yiew (to be used in normal situations - lit means 'not important')
9. Don't worry = Fong sum (lit. means let go of heart burden - prob use this one when more emotions are involved to reassure someone)
10. Forget about it = Shun a
11. Excuse me = M hou yee see a (lit. means 'has no meaning')
12. Have no time = Mow si garn
13. Whatever! = See Darn a! (shrug your shoulders for full effect!)
14. You're Crazy! = Nei chee sinn
15. Silly Girl/Boy! = Sorr Lui/Chay
Monday, February 18, 2008
Working like a Dog
Hello pung yaus, this lesson is for all of you out there who is working for the man! (or woman)
Gee lately I've been flat out at work - my day comprises of keeping other people happy (doctors, nurses, relatives, patients, relatives etc. How did our lives become this? We used to be nomadic barbarians who hunted and gathered, living our lives in freedom. But now we've evolved into some office sitting, coffee sipping, computer typing, telephone answering, photocopying, paperworking people!!
There is one good thing about this daily repetitious working lifestyle - "repetition" will make it easier for us to learn the cantonese words that describe our jobs! Sorry thats the only positive thing I can think of with respect to the repetitive nature of our occupations - unless your saving the world (e.g. you're working towards a cure for cancer and you've almost got it).
So here are today's words:
Working like a dog = jou do ho si ge jek gou a!!!
Boss, what are you talking about? = lau ban / lau xay, nei gong mut ye a?
I don't like Mondays = bai yut (then shake head and sigh) - all about attitude here :)
I looooooooove Fridays = bai m a!!! (YAY! and have a huge grin :)
I want to go home = ngo seung faan 'ook kei' (home)
I feel sick = ngo yau beng (I am sick)
I need a beer = ngo seung yum b chau
I need alcohol = ngo seung yum chau (hong chau = red wine, baak jau = white wine)
I NEEEED a coffee = ngo SUI YIEW yum ka fe a!
Hospital = yi yuen
Crazy Patient = beng yun
Crazy Relatives (of patients) = beng yun ge 'ook kei yun' (family)
Physiotherapist = mut li che liu si
Nurse = woo si
Pharmacist = yerk si
Computer = diin noow
Telephone = diin wa
Receptionist = bei shoo
I hope I win the lottery = ngo hei mong ngo wooi jong 'look hap choi' (lottery) la!
See you tomorrow = teng yut kin
Bye Bye = 'joi kin' or 'bai bai'
Saturday, February 16, 2008
Nice stuff to say to the ladies
Thanks Tuey for your inquiry of how to say biattttchh!! Well normally i'm not one to swear but when learning a new language I think it essential to know a few back up words - cos ppl gonna swear at you behind your back and at least you can know that and say "nei hay ba po" which means "you are a bitch".
Nah seriously today's lesson is about compliments and non-compliments (i.e. put downs). I think theses are essential for getting along with people and thats what i'm about - but its also good to have a few negative compliments for those people who deserve it.
So here's a few random phrases for you to ponder:
hou leng = good looking (you can extend the houuuuuuuuuuuuuu to add more emphasis)
m cho = not bad
mow cho = your right
hou hern = smell good
hou sik = delicious
waaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa = woooooh mamaaaaaaa
leng lui = pretty girl
ngo hou pung yau = my good friend
lui pung yau = my girlfriend
ngo tai tai = my wife
nei chee sinn = you're crazy
gee see = selfish
ba po = (dont say this!)
xxxxxx = learn it yourself
Chaps concentrate on the positives and all will go well with you!
Choi Kin Leng Lui, Leng Chays
Friday, February 15, 2008
Beef Noodle Soup - Pho
Leng lui, leng chays - dim a?
Before we get started on new words, I just want to respond to the comment that "conversation is the best way to learn cantonese (thanks Ninja ba po!)"
I totally agree but add that repetition is important so as you are practicing the language you will need to write down the words you learn - and what better way than via alphabetical pinyin - if anyone can think of a better way of recording new words then I am definitely open to suggestions!
Now onto today's topic: eating pho (beef noodle soup) - one of my favourite past times! So what words would I need to know when eating out somewhere in Hong Kong?
1. Ngo siew yiew yum kafe m goi? I need a coffee please
2. Yut gor pho m goi? One bowl of pho please
3. Li gor hou sik! This is delicious
4. Ngo bow! I am full
5. Ngo yi ga hoi sum! I am happy (content) now!
Other useful words:
ping go jup = apple juice
chang jup = orange juice
cha = tea
b chau = beer
chau = wine
kafe = coffee
Choi kin my pung yaus (friends)!
Leng Chay, Leng Lui
Hello my name is Phil and this is my blog about the journey of learning Cantonese from scratch.
Firstly let me introduce myself - I am Australian and English is my first language. My motivation to learn Cantonese is so that I can speak to my sister and her family in Hong Kong. As a English speaker, I have to say that learning Cantonese is difficult. What has helped me the most is writing down Cantonese words in a form of "pinyin" alphabetical language - and although there seems to be no official pinyin for Cantonese, I believe it is good practice to write down what you hear and the only way I can do that is via a made-up pinyin. Anyway - you choose for yourself whether such a technique will help you.
The first words I have learned in Cantonese is Leng Chay and Leng Lui which means 'handsome' and 'beautiful' respectively. These words are very common greetings in Hong Kong and can be used in as alternatives to normal address like Mr, Mrs, Ms etc. For example, "leng chay, can i have a glass of sou (water) m goi (please)".


text:
A business needs to insure and store its inventory, which may over time be damaged, stolen or become obsolete. Because of the costs involved in holding inventory, a company will aim to hold the minimum amount possible while still being able to satisfy orders from its customers. The minimum inventory a company can afford to hold will depend on several factors, including the time between placing an order with a supplier and receiving it, known as the lead time.
1. Calculate the maximum lead time by checking the order and delivery dates of previous orders placed with the supplier. The minimum inventory level is equal to the maximum lead time in weeks multiplied by the maximum usage of inventory per week. From previous data, establish the maximum time it takes for the supplier to deliver an order after the company has placed it. For example, the supplier usually takes two weeks to deliver an order but occasionally takes three weeks. The maximum lead time is three weeks.
2. Calculate the company's maximum usage of inventory per week. Obtain this figure from the company's stock records, taking seasonal factors into account. For example, if the company processes 100 units of stock per week during most of the year, but in high season needs 200 units per week, the maximum usage is 200 units.
3. Multiply the maximum lead time in weeks by the maximum usage per week. In the example, multiply three weeks by 200 units, to arrive at a minimum inventory level of 600 units. This means that in high season, you'll place an order for more stock when inventory falls to 600 units. During the rest of the year the company uses 100 units per week, so the minimum inventory level is three weeks multiplied by 100 units, or 300 units.
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source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Looking to learn something new?
Python Python Sequences Sequence Operations Creating Slices
How do I know what elements I need?
I need to make a slice of the 3rd through 5th elements in the list. But does that mean 3rd starting at 1 like a human, or starting at 0 like Python? I tried slicing [3:6] and got an 'incorrect values' answer, so I tried [4:6] and [4:7] and got the same result.
student_gpas = [4.0, 2.3, 3.5, 3.7, 3.9, 2.8, 1.5, 4.0]
sliced_gpas = student_gpas[4:6]
1 Answer
Steven Parker
Steven Parker
210,131 Points
You're right about "starting at 0 like Python", so that means the third element would have an index of 2 . And since slices are exclusive of the stop value, and the final index should be 4, then the stop value is 5 .
sliced_gpas = student_gpas[2:5]
I was adding 1 to the wrong number, oops. Thanks for breaking it down. Wish there was a better way to explain that we want the third item in the list according to humans, second according to Python.
Steven Parker
Steven Parker
210,131 Points
It's still the 3rd item to Python, it just starts counting with 0 for the first.


text:
Dengue fever: CIA's bio attack on Pak suspected
27 September, 2011
ISLAMABAD: Fears are growing in Pakistan that the spread of dengue fever also known as break-bone fever may have been caused by some kind of biological experiment or deliberate release of virus by foreign elements.
Pakistan Medical Association (PMA) representatives have called on security agencies to investigate fears of deliberate spread of dengue virus in Pakistan. According to a report, the PMA members and experts have demanded in-depth investigation over mysterious spread of Dengue virus in Punjab.
Dengue fever is an infectious tropical disease caused by the dengue virus and the disease has caused alarming situation in Lahore and other Punjab cities. Lately the disease has spread to other cities of Pakistan and has killed over 100 people affecting thousands. According to experts the virus has four different types; infection with one type usually gives lifelong immunity to that type, but only short-term immunity to the others. Subsequent infection with a different type increases the risk of severe complications.
As per Internet info, in the spring and summer of 1981, Cuba experienced a severe hemorrhagic dengue fever epidemic. Between May and October 1981, the island nation had 158 dengue-related deaths with about 75,000 reported infection cases. At the height of the epidemic, over 10,000 people (per day) were found infected and 116,150 were hospitalized. At the same time during 1981 outbreak, covert biological warfare attacks on Cuba's residents and crops were believed to have been conducted against the island by CIA contractors and military airplane flyovers. Particularly harmful to the nation was a severe outbreak of swine flu that Fidel Castro attributed to the CIA. American researcher William H. Schaap, an editor of Covert Action magazine, claims the Cuba dengue outbreak was the result of CIA activities.
In 1982, the then Soviet media reported that the CIA sent operatives into Afghanistan from Pakistan to launch a dengue epidemic. The Soviets at the time claimed the operatives were posing as malaria workers, but, instead, were releasing dengue-infected mosquitoes. The CIA denied the charges. In 1985 and 1986, authorities in Nicaragua accused the CIA of creating a massive outbreak of dengue fever that infected thousands in that country. CIA officials denied any involvement, but Army researchers admitted that intensive work with arthropod vectors for offensive biological warfare objectives had been conducted at Fort Detrick in the early 1980s, having first started in the early 1950s. American Fort Detrick researchers reported that huge colonies of mosquitoes infected with not only dengue virus, but also yellow fever, were maintained at the Frederick, Maryland (U.S.), installation, as well as hordes of flies carrying cholera and anthrax and thousands of ticks filled with Colorado fever and relapsing fever.
It is significant to note that in early 2011, American CIA sponsored a fake vaccination drive in Abbottabad city of Pakistan to get DNA samples of Osama bin Laden, developing aversion to the real and much needed polio vaccination programme in Pakistan.
Bilogical attack on Afghanistan: Britain and the US have been accused of a biological attack on Afghanistan's poppy fields in an attempt to defeat the Afghani resistance, destroy wheat and fruit trees and blight the opium crop. The British daily "Telegraph" reported in May 2010 that "poppy plants (in Afghanistan) have been suffering a mysterious disease that leaves them yellow and withered and slashes the yield of opium resin, which is sold and processed into heroin. The worst-affected farmers said the scale of the infection was unprecedented. Yields have dropped by 90 per cent in some fields.
Some have claimed the British and Americans are responsible for the plague, but they strongly denied involvement. The blight was first noticed a month ago and linked to an infestation of aphids in wheat and fruit trees. It has since been found in four provinces across the south.
These biological attacks on the Afghani people brings to memory the American biological war against the Vietnamese people in the 1960s and 1970s.
Jean-Luc Lemahieu, the head of the UN Office on Drugs and Crime in Afghanistan was quoted as saying: ''We are at this moment not sure if it is a fungus or some insect. Spraying has been forbidden in very clear words by the President of Afghanistan. Hence, awaiting the results from our lab tests.''

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
THALIA, TEXAS. Thalia, at the junction of U.S. Highway 70 and Farm Road 262, eleven miles east of Crowell in east central Foard County, was granted a post office in 1890, the same year a school was founded at the community. Thalia was in Hardeman County until the establishment of Foard County in 1891. The town was first called Paradise, but when postal authorities rejected the name, it was renamed Thalia, meaning "blooming" or "luxuriant." The townsite, donated by William W. Pigg, was platted in 1910. Growth was stimulated by the oil boom of the 1920s that gave Thalia twenty-two businesses. The town was incorporated in 1926, when the population was fifty. The reduced oil production and droughts of the Great Depression years set the town back. The high school, added to the school system in 1930, closed in 1943. The population was 180 in 1950. The post office was closed by 1960, and by 1980 Thalia had a population of 104. The town was the setting of Larry McMurtry's novel The Last Picture Show (1966). Through 2000 the population was still recorded as 104.
Fred I. Massengill, Texas Towns: Origin of Name and Location of Each of the 2,148 Post Offices in Texas (Terrell, Texas, 1936). Bailey Phelps, They Loved the Land: Foard County History (Quanah, Texas: Quanah Tribune-Chief, 1969).
The following, adapted from the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition, is the preferred citation for this article.William R. Hunt, "THALIA, TX," Handbook of Texas Online (_URL_ accessed May 22, 2013. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.


text:
By Sally Robertson, medwireNews Reporter
Currently recommended clinical cutoff points for diabetes diagnosis using glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) should be interpreted similarly in Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics, show findings from a US study.
"We found no evidence that ethnic group modified the relative association of HbA1c with prevalent retinopathy," say Elizabeth Selvin (Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA) and colleagues.
"These results should help alleviate concerns regarding the use of HbA1c for diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes in diverse populations."
Current clinical diagnostic categories for HbA1c are largely based on the established association between HbA1c and retinopathy as well as trials demonstrating that lowering HbA1c can reduce microvascular complications. However, recent studies have raised concerns that the performance of HbA1c may differ in certain subpopulations and that new recommendations might be problematic in individuals of non-European ancestry, explain Selvin et al.
In a cross-sectional analysis of 2945 non-Hispanic White people, 1046 non-Hispanic Black people, and 1231 Hispanic American individuals from the 2005-2008 NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey), the researchers found that the mean HbA1c among those without diabetes was 5.5% in the White individuals, while it was 5.7% and 5.6% in Black and Hispanic individuals, respectively.
For those diagnosed with diabetes, the corresponding mean values for the ethnic groups were 6.9%, 7.5%, and 7.7%.
As reported in Diabetes Care, the prevalence of retinopathy was significantly higher in Black and Hispanic individuals compared with White individuals.
Among those with undiagnosed diabetes (HbA1c ≥6.5%), the prevalence of retinopathy was 9% in White people, compared with 19% and 22% in Black and Hispanic people, respectively, while the prevalence rates among those with diagnosed diabetes and HbA1c below 7% were 18%, compared with 25% and 16%, respectively.
The prevalence of retinopathy in those with diagnosed diabetes and an HbA1c level of at least 7% was 49% in Whites, 57% in Blacks, and 50% in Hispanics.
In addition, the proportion of individuals with more severe retinopathy was significantly higher among Black and Hispanic participants compared with White individuals.
The researchers report that HbA1c clinical categories were significantly associated with the prevalence of retinopathy. However, the magnitude of the association did not differ significantly by ethnic group and this remained the case whether HbA1c was modeled continuously or stratified by diabetes status.
The substantially higher prevalence of retinopathy in Black and Hispanic individuals compared with White people may partially reflect ethnic disparities in the diagnosis of diabetes and the management of hyperglycemia among individuals with diabetes, suggest Selvin and team.
"Overall our results support current recommendations for the use of HbA1c for diagnosis of diabetes, not only in nonHispanic white populations, but also for nonHispanic Black and Hispanic individuals," concludes the team.
Licensed from medwireNews with permission from Springer Healthcare Ltd. ©Springer Healthcare Ltd. All rights reserved. Neither of these parties endorse or recommend any commercial products, services, or equipment.


text:
Species diversity is the effective number of different species that are represented in a collection of individuals (a dataset). The effective number of species refers to the number of equally-abundant species needed to obtain the same mean proportional species abundance as that observed in the dataset of interest (where all species may not be equally abundant). Species diversity consists of two components, species richness and species evenness. Species richness is a simple count of species, whereas species evenness quantifies how equal the abundances of the species are.
Calculation of diversity
The denominator equals mean proportional species abundance in the dataset as calculated with the weighted generalized mean with exponent q - 1. In the equation, S is the total number of species (species richness) in the dataset, and the proportional abundance of the ith species is. The proportional abundances themselves are used as weights. The equation is often written in the equivalent form:
The value of q defines which kind of mean is used. q = 0 corresponds to the harmonic mean, and gives values equal to species richness because the values cancel out. q = 1 corresponds to the geometric mean and q = 2 to the arithmetic mean. As q approaches infinity, the generalized mean approaches the maximum value. In practice, q modifies species weighting, such that increasing q increases the weight given to the most abundant species, and fewer equally-abundant species are hence needed to reach mean proportional abundance. Consequently, large values of q lead to smaller species diversity than small values of q for the same dataset. If all species are equally abundant in the dataset, changing the value of q has no effect, but species diversity at any value of q equals species richness.
Negative values of q are not used, because then the effective number of species (diversity) would exceed the actual number of species (richness). As q approaches negative infinity, the generalized mean approaches the minimum value. In many real datasets, the least abundant species is represented by a single individual, and then the effective number of species would equal the number of individuals in the dataset.
The same equation can be used to calculate the diversity in relation to any classification, not only species. If the individuals are classified into genera or functional types, represents the proportional abundance of the ith genus or functional type, and qD equals genus diversity or functional type diversity, respectively.
Often researchers have used the values given by one or more diversity indices to quantify species diversity. Such indices include species richness, the Shannon index, the Simpson index and the complement of the Simpson index (also known as the Gini-Simpson index).
When interpreted in ecological terms, each one of these indices corresponds to a different thing, and their values are therefore not directly comparable. Species richness quantifies the actual rather than effective number of species. The Shannon index equals log(qD), and in practice quantifies the uncertainty in the species identity of an individual that is taken at random from the dataset. The Simpson index equals 1/qD and quantifies the probability that two individuals taken at random from the dataset (with replacement of the first individual before taking the second) represent the same species. The Gini-Simpson index equals 1 - 1/qD and quantifies the probability that the two randomly taken individuals represent different species.
Depending on the purposes of quantifying species diversity, the dataset used for the calculations can be obtained in different ways. Although species diversity can be calculated for any dataset where individuals have been identified to species, meaningful ecological interpretations require that the dataset is appropriate for the questions at hand. In practice, the interest is usually in the species diversity of areas so large that not all individuals in them can be observed and identified to species, but a sample of the relevant individuals has to be obtained. Extrapolation from the sample to the underlying population of interest is not straightforward, because the species diversity of the available sample generally gives an underestimation of the species diversity in the entire population. Applying different sampling methods will lead to different sets of individuals being observed for the same area of interest, and the species diversity of each set may be different. When a new individual is added to a dataset, it may introduce a species that was not yet represented. How much this increases species diversity depends on the value of q: when q = 0, each new actual species causes species diversity to increase by one effective species, but when q is large, adding a rare species to a dataset has little effect on its species diversity.
In general, sets with many individuals can be expected to have higher species diversity than sets with fewer individuals. When species diversity values are compared among sets, sampling efforts need to be standardised in an appropriate way for the comparisons to yield ecologically meaningful results. Resampling methods can be used to bring samples of different sizes to a common footing. Species accumulation curves and the number of species only represented by one or a few individuals can be used to help in estimating how representative the available sample is of the population from which it was drawn.
Trends in species diversity
The observed species diversity is affected not only by the number of individuals but also by the heterogeneity of the sample. If individuals are drawn from different environmental conditions (or different habitats), the species diversity of the resulting set can be expected to be higher than if all individuals are drawn from a similar environment. Increasing the area sampled increases observed species diversity both because more individuals get included in the sample and because large areas are environmentally more heterogeneous than small areas.
- Alpha diversity
- Beta diversity
- Gamma diversity
- Relative species abundance
- Species-area curve
- Latitudinal gradients in species diversity
- Genetic diversity
- Harrison, Ian; Laverty, Melina & Sterling, Eleanor. "Species Diversity". Connexions (cnx.org). William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, the Maxfield Foundation, and the Connexions Consortium. Retrieved 1 February 2011. (Licensed under Creative Commons 1.0 Attribution Generic).
- Hill, M. O. (1973) Diversity and evenness: a unifying notation and its consequences. Ecology, 54, 427–432
- Tuomisto, H. (2010) A diversity of beta diversities: straightening up a concept gone awry. Part 1. Defining beta diversity as a function of alpha and gamma diversity. Ecography, 33, 2-22. doi:10.1111/j._PHONE_.2009.05880.x
- Tuomisto, H. 2010. A consistent terminology for quantifying species diversity? Yes, it does exist. Oecologia 4: 853–860. doi:10.1007/s00442-_PHONE_-0
- Krebs, C. J. (1999) Ecological Methodology. Second edition. Addison-Wesley, California.
- Magurran, A. E. (2004) Measuring biological diversity. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.
- Jost, L. (2006) Entropy and diversity. Oikos, 113, 363–375
- Jost, L. (2007) Partitioning diversity into independent alpha and beta components. Ecology, 88, 2427–2439.
- Tuomisto, H. (2010) A diversity of beta diversities: straightening up a concept gone awry. Part 2. Quantifying beta diversity and related phenomena. Ecography, 33, 23-45. doi:10.1111/j._PHONE_.2009.06148.x
- Colwell, R. K. and Coddington, J. A. (1994) Estimating terrestrial biodiversity through extrapolation. Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences, 345, 101-118.
- Good, I. J. and Toulmin, G. H. (1956) The number of new species, and the increase in population coverage, when a sample is increased. Biometrika, 43, 45-63.
- Chao, A. (2005) Species richness estimation. Pages 7909-7916 in N. Balakrishnan, C. B. Read, and B. Vidakovic, eds. Encyclopedia of Statistical Sciences. New York, Wiley.


text:
Instant availability of BOM
Generate any type of BOM in formats Excel, Parabuild spread sheet or text file. All information is taken from the 3D model which ensures reliable and accurate results.
Here are some of the default Parabuild BOM types :
- Single Parts for production/ordering
- Assemblies with or without parts
- Overview of bolt-linked assemblies, including bolts
- Cutting list (enumeration per part)
- Cutting list with images (for production of slope/skew cuts)
- Revisions comparison
Easy estimating and bidding
Parabuild allows you to create a draft of the project in a minimum amount of time. The Context modeler allows quick and accurate drawing of structural steel. If you are starting from a BIM Ifc file, import it into Parabuild and add connections with ease. Once you have a preliminary model, the BOM helps you to quickly make accurate estimates.
Customize titles, columns, totals and subtotals, and more. Assign the columns that determine grouping and sorting.
Restrict the bill to specific phases or revisions, or use other criteria to generate bills for specific parts of the project.
Parabuild has a cutting stock problem solver. Parabuild extracts the members that need to be cut from the 3D model. You only need to provide the lengths per section shape that are available from your stock or supplier. Parabuild calculates how to cut the members out of the stock lengths with minimized material loss.


From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article is about the Russian subculture. For the film, see Stilyagi (film).
Shooting a scene for the 2008 Russian film Stilyagi
Stilyagi (Russian: стиляги, the plural of "стиляга", stilyaga; lit. "stylish", "style hunter") was a derogatory appellation for members of a youth counterculture from the late 1940s until the early 1960s in the Soviet Union. Stilyagi were primarily distinguished by their snappy or fashionable clothing (considered contrary to the communist realities of the time) and their fascination with modern Western music and fashions (corresponding to that of the Beat Generation). English writings on Soviet culture variously translated the term as dandies, fashionistas, beatniks, hipsters, zoot suiters, etc.
Their apolitical views, neutral or negative attitudes toward Soviet morality, and their open admiration of modern, especially American, lifestyles were key characteristics that slowly developed during the 1950s. At the dawn of the phenomenon, the stilyagi look was rather a caricature, inspired by movies from abroad of recent years. It resembled the zoot suit but combined different bright colors. By the late fifties, the look had evolved into something more elegant and stylish. Typical stilyagi wear included narrow pants, long jackets, narrow tie, bright color shirts and thick soled shoes.
Usually stilyagi enjoyed popular American music of the 1940s, especially swing and boogie-woogie, especially the music of Glenn Miller, Benny Goodman and the soundtrack from the film Sun Valley Serenade. The "serenade" instantly became a cult among stilyagi, and one of its songs, the famous "Chattanooga Choo Choo", served as their unofficial anthem. Stilyagi developed their own styles of dance originating from boogie-woogie and later also adopted rock-n-roll.
History and legacy[edit]
"Rock on the bones"
The first stilyagi were from the generation of young adults in their early twenties who had lived through the hard times of economical crisis and World War II, leaving them emotionally perturbed about the future of their lives. Many of the young men returning from the army were heavily influenced by the contact with the foreign countries and modern trends at the time. As a result, many of them wore clothes based on images from abroad (early 1940s romance films, daily newspapers and photographs) and young women later adopted styles from modern female stereotypes too.
The main cause of this phenomenon was the struggle between capitalism and communism-led societies. The enforced uniformity of the Soviet thought and the heavy weight of its dictatorship were the only politically correct form of view, lifestyle and self-expression permitted during Stalinism. Therefore, the stilyagi sought to follow the modern ideology and morality in order to avoid Soviet pressure and its influence on society.
The stilyagi were largely repressed until Stalin's death in 1953, which let the style grow in underground mainstream way. By 1955, the stilyagi had acquired both respect and contempt from many layers of society (especially the then emerging Soviet upper-middle class, known as "intelligentsia") and were frowned upon in political instances, but had grown too many in number to be repressed. Thus, instead of trying to get rid of them, the media and politics, including journalism, eagerly mocked their style by portraying them ridiculous as opposed to "normal" parts of Soviet society.
In the mid-1950s, many people were arrested for making musical recordings on "bones" (developed X-ray films).[1][2] Those found guilty of manufacturing and distributing such recordings received from three to five years of imprisonment in labour camps for profiteering.
In the late 1950s, the catchphrase "Today he dances jazz, but tomorrow [he] will sell [his] homeland" (Сегодня он танцует джаз, а завтра Родину продаст), became the stilyagi's signature and the key idea underlying their social protest. Stilyagi were recognized as an official musical, artistic and pop culture movement that later took on further modern influences, notably rockabilly, rock-n-roll and pop rock musical genres.
Following the international festival of 1957, however, the USSR became more open to modern culture. The official ban on jazz music was removed, and many records became available in stores from the 1960s. Admiration of modern music, especially the rock-n-roll wave of the sixties, met more tolerance from official ideology and little active resistance. All this contributed to the decline of the movement in the early sixties, as former stilyagi entered their thirties and abandoned the lifestyles of their youth, while the next generation felt no need to follow such a lifestyle in order to enjoy modern culture or a nonpolitical way of life.
The influence of the stilyagi movement on Soviet-Russian culture is tremendous. Many of today's most respected Russian musicians, writers, film editors and other cultural personalities belonged to the movement, or shared its free, bohemian lifestyle. There is a 2008 Russian comedy musical film, Stilyagi, about this subculture. The novel The Moon is a Harsh Mistress by Robert A. Heinlein describes a similar fictional subculture on the Moon.
 1. ^ "Jazz on Bones: X-Ray Sound Recordings". August 28, 2006. Retrieved 29 December 2010.
 2. ^ Tracy Donovan Drake. "The Jazz-Rock Counterculture is Born". The Historical Political Development of Soviet Rock Music. Archived from the original on 15 June 2008. Retrieved 29 December 2010.
Further reading[edit]


1) Compound Xdissolves in water and needs to be extracted with an organicsolvent. Its solubility in toluene is 0.65 g/mL, in ethanol is 20g/mL and in methylene chloride is 12.5 g/mL. Ethanol forms ahomogeneous layer when mixed with water. Toluene and methylenechloride do not.
b) After the methylene chloride and water layers are mixed andseparated, is it the upper or lower layer that would be the organiclayer?
Get this answer with Chegg Study


text:
An Act To Protect Religious Freedom
Be it enacted by the People of the State of Maine as follows:
Sec. 1. 1 MRSA c. 33 is enacted to read:
PRESERVATION OF RELIGIOUS FREEDOM ACT
§ 2701. Short title
This chapter may be known and cited as "the Preservation of Religious Freedom Act."
§ 2702. Definitions
As used in this chapter, unless the context otherwise indicates, the following terms have the following meanings.
1. Burden. "Burden," with respect to an exercise of governmental authority, means to directly or indirectly do any of the following:
A. Constrain or inhibit conduct or expression mandated by a person's sincerely held religious tenet or belief;
B. Significantly curtail a person's ability to express adherence to the person's religious faith;
C. Deny a person a reasonable opportunity to engage in activities that are fundamental to the person's religion;
D. Compel conduct or expression that violates a tenet or belief of a person's religious faith; or
E. Withhold benefits from or assess penalties against a person or exclude a person from programs or access to facilities because of the person's religion or religious belief.
2. Compelling governmental interest. "Compelling governmental interest" means the interest of a government to protect the best interests of a child or the health, safety or welfare of a child.
3. Demonstrates. "Demonstrates" means supports a position with evidence and persuasion.
4. Exercise of religion. "Exercise of religion" means the practice or observance of religion under the United States Constitution, Amendment I and the Constitution of Maine and includes acting or refusing to act in a manner substantially motivated by a sincerely held religious belief, whether or not the practice or observance is compulsory or a central part or central requirement of the person's religious belief.
5. Fraudulent claim. "Fraudulent claim" means a claim that is dishonest in fact or that is made principally for a patently improper purpose, such as to harass an opposing party in a court action.
6. Frivolous claim. "Frivolous claim" means a claim that lacks merit under existing law and cannot be supported by a good faith argument for the extension, modification or reversal of existing law.
7. Government. "Government" means any of the following:
A. A board, commission, court, department, agency, special district, authority or other entity of the State;
B. A political subdivision of the State, including a county, municipality, school board, sheriff, public board, institution, district or corporation;
C. Any other public or governmental body of any kind that is not a state agency, municipality or political subdivision; and
D. An official or other person acting under color of law.
8. Person. "Person" means an individual, corporate body or religious organization.
9. Religious organization. "Religious organization" means a church, association of churches or other religious order, body or institution that qualifies for exemption from taxation under Section 501(c)(3) or 501(d) of the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986.
§ 2703. Exercise of religion protected
A government may not burden a person's exercise of religion, even if the burden results from a facially neutral law or rule or a law or rule of general applicability, unless the government demonstrates that application of the burden to the person is in furtherance of a compelling governmental interest and is the least restrictive means of furthering the compelling governmental interest.
§ 2704. Action in court
1. Action in court. A person whose exercise of religion is being, has been or is likely to be burdened in violation of this chapter may assert that violation as a claim or defense in a judicial proceeding and obtain appropriate relief under subsection 5.
2. Notice. Except as provided in subsection 3, at least 30 days prior to bringing an action under this section, a person must give written notice to the government burdening the person by certified mail, return receipt requested, informing the government of the following:
A. That the person's exercise of religion is being, has been or is likely to be burdened by an exercise of the authority of the government;
B. A description of the act or refusal to act by the government that is burdening, has burdened or is likely to burden the person's exercise of religion; and
C. The manner in which the exercise of governmental authority burdens the person's exercise of religion.
3. Action without notice. A person who is burdened by a government may bring an action in court under this section to seek relief under subsection 5 without providing notice under subsection 2 if:
A. The threat of the exercise of governmental authority to burden the person's exercise of religion is imminent;
B. The person was not informed and did not otherwise have knowledge of the exercise of governmental authority that is the subject of the action in time to reasonably provide notice under subsection 2;
C. Giving notice under subsection 2 would delay an action to the extent that the action would be dismissed as untimely; or
D. The claim underlying the action is asserted as a counterclaim, objection or defense in a pending judicial proceeding.
4. Remediation. If a government remedies a burden prior to the expiration of the 30-day notice period under subsection 2, the person for whom the burden was remedied may not bring an action under this section for that burden or shall dismiss an action on that burden if the action is pending.
5. Remedies. A court may grant appropriate relief to a prevailing party bringing a claim or defense under subsection 1, not including punitive or exemplary damages, without regard to whether the action is brought in the name of the State or by any other person. Relief under this section may include but need not be limited to:
A. Injunctive relief, including a protective order, a writ of mandamus or a prohibition or declaratory relief; or
B. Actual damages, reasonable attorney's fees and costs.
6. Fraudulent or frivolous claims. A court that finds that a person has filed a fraudulent claim or frivolous claim under subsection 1 may assess against the person the court costs of the government that is party to the action and may enjoin the person from filing further claims under this section without leave of the court.
§ 2705. Exceptions; authorizations; application
1. Exceptions. A rule adopted by a correctional facility to protect the safety and security of staff, visitors or incarcerated persons of the correctional facility or to maintain order or discipline in the correctional facility is exempt from this chapter.
2. Authorizations. This chapter does not authorize:
A. A person to cause physical injury to another person;
B. A marital or other relationship that would violate the Constitution of Maine; or
C. The enforcement of any law, rule or legal code or system established and used or applied in a jurisdiction outside of the states or territories of the United States.
3. Applicability. This chapter applies to all state laws, rules and local ordinances and the implementation of those laws, rules and ordinances, whether statutory or otherwise and whether enacted or adopted before, on or after the effective date of this chapter.
§ 2706. Construction
The protections of this chapter are in addition to the protections granted by federal law, the United States Constitution and the Constitution of Maine. This chapter does not affect the grant of benefits or tax exemptions to a religious organization. This chapter does not affect, interpret or in any way address those portions of the United States Constitution, Amendment I or the Constitution of Maine that prohibit laws respecting the establishment of religion. This chapter does not create or preclude a right of a religious organization to receive funding or other assistance from a government or of a person to receive government funding for a religious activity.
This bill creates the Preservation of Religious Freedom Act, which allows a person whose right to exercise the person's religion is burdened by a government law or exercise of authority to bring an action in court seeking equitable or monetary damages unless the government remedies the burden or shows that the law or exercise of authority is the least restrictive means of furthering a compelling governmental interest.


development has just started. I am really looking forward to see how this project develops in future. But fortunately there is a very good, stable and well developed graph algorithms library, the Java Universal Network/Graph Framework JUNG
And even more luckily, there is a little tweak on how we can use the JUNG framework to work on our Blueprints graph. First, we need to add another dependency to our build.SBT file
"com.tinkerpop.blueprints" % "blueprints-graph-jung" % "2.5.0"
IntelliJ IDEA may want to refresh the project again.
If we have a look a the corresponding maven repository, we see that what I called tweak, actually is a Blueprints wrapper of JUNG.
And thus, we can easily instantiate a new JungGraph form an existing Blueprints graph, in our case, the neo4j graph:
val jungGraph = new GraphJung(graph)
On the JUNG graph, we can thus easily perform graph algorithms. For example calculating the Dijkstra distance:
val dj:DijkstraDistance[Vertex,Edge] = new DijkstraDistance(jungGraph)
val distanceMargeHomer = dj.getDistance(graph.getVertex("0"), graph.getVertex("1"))
val distanceMargeBarney = dj.getDistance(graph.getVertex("0"), graph.getVertex("2"))
println(s"Distance between Marge and Homer: $distanceMargeHomer")
println(s"Distance between Marge and Barney: $distanceMargeBarney")
Note that we can use the original Neo4j Blueprints Graph (graph instead of jungGraph) to select the nodes, which is great!
Make sure you import
import edu.uci.ics.jung.algorithms.shortestpath.DijkstraDistance
From the output we see that Marge and Homer have distance 1.0, whereas Marge and Barney have distance 2.0 as they are connected via Homer.
Distance between Marge and Homer: 1.0
Distance between Marge and Barney: 2.0
In this tutorial, we learned how to integrate a graph database into a Scala project using the Blueprints interface. The interface allows us, at least in theory, to replace Neo4j with any other graph database supporting Blueprints easily. First, we created a new Scala project using IntelliJ IDEA 13. We saw how to install, run and configure an embedded Neo4j database, inserted some simple data and queried it from the database. Finally, we used the JUNG framework to run graph analysis on our Blueprints graph database.
Graph databases are gaining more and more interest as they provide obvious ways to store data that is best represented as a network, such as social network data or company interactions. The hype just started and more and more projects are being initialized in order to provide extended functionality for graph databases, such as the Blueprints interface. Graph databases are mainly made for storage, but what brings the real benefit, at least from the view of a Big Data Scientist as I am, is the possibility to analyze the graph in order to get valuable insights and information out of nodes and relations. Being able to use the JUNG Framework is yet a great step and I am really looking forward to what is up to come in the next years!
Directions to go from here
In this tutorial, we used an embedded version of the neo4j database. In many real word scenarios, the graph database is running on a separate server. In order to connect to this server, Blueprints interface provides Rexter, a graph server that exposos any Blueprints graph through REST and a binary protocol called RexPro.
Another very interesting project is AnormCypher
A Neo4j client library for the HTTP Cypher endpoints. During this tutorial, I explained how to use Cypher directly on the raw Neo4j graph and how to parse the results within a Transaction. When using Neo4J as a separate server, AnormCypher is taking care for all this communication and brings great advantage.
name := "Neo4JBlueprintJung"
version := "1.0"
libraryDependencies ++= Seq(
 "com.tinkerpop.blueprints" % "blueprints-neo4j2-graph" % "2.5.0",
package com.clueda
import com.tinkerpop.blueprints.oupls.jung.GraphJung
import com.tinkerpop.blueprints.{Vertex, Edge}
import com.tinkerpop.blueprints.impls.neo4j2.Neo4j2Graph
import edu.uci.ics.jung.algorithms.shortestpath.DijkstraDistance
import org.neo4j.cypher.{ExecutionResult, ExecutionEngine}
import org.neo4j.graphdb.{Transaction, Node}
 * Created by Torsten on 09.07.14.
object Main extends App{
 println("Hello Clueda!")
 // get embedded blueprint neo4j graph
 val engine = new ExecutionEngine(graph.getRawGraph)
 val it = result.columnAs[Node]("n")
 val lst = it.toList
 val tx:Transaction = graph.getRawGraph().beginTx()
 for (node <- lst) yield println("Node: " + node.getProperty("name"))
 val jungGraph = new GraphJung(graph)
 // uncomment the following lines to add data to the graph database
// val a: Vertex = graph.addVertex(null)
// val b: Vertex = graph.addVertex(null)
// val c: Vertex = graph.addVertex(null)
// a.setProperty("name", "Marge")
// b.setProperty("name", "Homer")
// c.setProperty("name", "Barney")
// val e:Edge = graph.addEdge(null, a, b, "knows")
// e.setProperty("since", 1989)
// val e2:Edge = graph.addEdge(null, b, c, "knows")
// e2.setProperty("since", 1989)
 // close connection to graph, important!
Please also find the complete project as a zip compressed file at Clueda's Website:
Import data to dotplot designer
dotplot designer is a new statistical cloud analytic tool based on R which not only offers visualization to common R functions, but also provides a huge repository of ready made functions for different statistical tasks.
Although dotplot is working on improving the usability of their products, it is not very obvious on how to import your own data for inexperienced users.
To learn how to import your own data, there is a new tutorial video:
Note that the import wizard works in a similar manner for Excel, SPSS or WEKA's arff files.
Remember that their is a basic distinction between your local file system and the cloud file system of dotplot. All files you want to use within dotplot designer need to be uploaded to the cloud first. Also, files generated by dotplot are stored in the cloud as well, but can be downloaded to your local file system.
Once your data is imported, you can used it with any function provided in the function tree.
Hint: Try getting started with the Summary function of group 'Exploration' to get a quick overview of your data. A well rendered output can be seen by double clicking its 'Report' output node.
Statistics made easy using dotplot designer
There are many reasons why people are using statistics software, verifying results for scientific papers, generating business reports or trying to get insight into data to gather new knowledge. Although statistics is an engineering field of its own, it is required to be used in nearly all other areas. Thus, there is a very high demand for proper statistics software and therefore a bunch of these software tools shows up over the last years including the nowadays most popular IBM SPSS and SAS desktop applications that are widely used for enterprise necessities. On the other hand, probably the most popular open source software is R, which indeed is not really an application but rather a programming language for statistical analysis. While SPSS and SAS are very expensive and not easily affordable for personal users, small organisations or university departments, R is rather hard to understand and learn for non computer scientist or programmers. Further, all three and also most other big players are limited to the computational power of the users local machine.
There is a need for a more modern, easy to learn, powerful and cheap software, that's why dotplot introduced the 'dotplot designer' in 2013, a cloud analytics software that is free for personal usage.
In this post, I want to introduce the basics of dotplot designer to give an easy access to the software. First, let's have a quick look at the benefits and why its worth giving it a try:
 - Data Analysis Modelling: There is an easy understandable graphical user interface where the statistical process is is modelled by a flow diagram
 - Cloud Analytics: The power of theoretically endless CPU and storage
 - Accessible from everywhere and on any OS, not only on your local Computer
 - It's free
 - Huge amount of functionality
 - Predefined solutions: Examples managed by dotplot experts and the community
Once you've registered, the designer can be started from the top right of the website by pressing the 'Launch Designer' button. Once the designer load completely, which may take quite a while, there is a welcome dialogue where you can enter the application in different ways, loading an existing project, opening a solution etc. Whatever you choose, you will be faced with the common user interface which should look something like (the software is pretty new and the design is updated from time to time):
We can roughly divide the interface into 4 parts:
Part 1
The toolbar is located at the top and allows to open, save or create new projects. Further, the reporter


text:
Have you ever stood at the water's edge with a flat
stone in your hand. If you hold the stone just right,
with a flick of your wrist you can send that stone skimming
across the surface of the water. Well a towable tube
works on the same principal but on a much larger scale
and with a few more variables thrown into the mix.
You the rider simply sit on or in the tube. The tube
itself is inflated, so it's like a cushion of air on
top of the water. A rope attached to the back of the
boat is also attached to the front of the tube and it
pulls you across the water.
At first the ride is slow due to the friction between
the towable tube and the water. At a slow rate of speed
quite a bit of the towable tube comes into contact with
the water. It is riding deep in the water. As the boat
increases speed less and less of the bottom of the tube
comes into to contact with the water. The tube starts
to rise up and sits just barely on the surface of the
water. You are now on a plane. The tube is hydroplaning
across the surface of the water. By now the tube is
moving much faster and the ride has become extremely
fun! You are now skimming across the surface of the
water like that stone you threw.
Safety is extremely important. Anytime you are in the
water. Always wear a life jacket and obey all local
boating laws and regulations. We want everyone to go
home, so that they can return to ride again!


text:
My Own Self
Submitted by: Ashley Roberts
Grade level: 2-8
To find out what's unique about all of your students.
You will need construction paper, pictures of students, and tape.
Ask students to write a page or paragraph about themselves (what they like, their parents' names, how old they are, etc.) When their story is complete, have them paste it, along with a picture of themselves, onto a piece of construction paper. Then let them draw a circle on a separate sheet of paper with a pencil and fill it in making sure there's plenty of lead on the paper, then tell them to put their thumb on the paper where they filled in the circle and make sure it has plenty of lead on it. Then they put their thumb on a small piece of tape and then put the small piece of tape underneath their picture. So now you have a paper about them, their picture, and their fingerprint. With younger students you may want to discuss how fingerprints are unique.
It helps them understand more about themselves and know that they are a individual.
Real World Usage:


text:
Frank Lloyd Wright is possibly the most prolific and revered architect in all of American history. He pioneered revolutionary techniques and styles that are replicated countless times across the American architectural landscape. But did Wright build homes in location-efficient places? Today we will explore two of his most well-known works: The Fallingwater House in Stewart Township, Pennsylvania, and the Robie House in the Hyde Park neighborhood of Chicago.
Today these structures are museums rather than anyone's home, but we were still curious to see what a typical family living there would pay for transportation. We at Abogo wouldn't mind living in what must feel like a tree house. But what happens when we eventually have to step outside to work, shop, or meet up with friends? What kind of transportation costs would a typical family living in Fallingwater encounter?
The Fallingwater House, finished in 1937, is a revolutionary piece of organic architecture that integrates the structure of a man-made building with the brilliant resonance of its natural surroundings.
Architectural lore is that Wright designed the house in one sitting of less than three hours, which is remarkable given the international accreditation it has since received. Let's take a look at the current monthly transportation costs a resident could expect.
Given an average gas price in the region of $3.50/gallon, transportation costs would average nearly $1,250/month. That's more than a 20 percent increase in the cost in 2000.
This high monthly average is due to a number of factors, stemming from its location. The Fallingwater House was built as a rural weekend retreat, and to this day it remains in a very rural area. Stewart Township has a population density of only about 15 people per square mile and does not have public transit for the region. Walking and biking are certainly pleasant given the spectacular scenery; however, the nearest grocery store is over six miles away. Residents of Fallingwater and their neighbors may want to invest in fuel-efficient cars to keep transportation costs as low as possible.
The Robie House is a similarly revered work, completed by Wright in 1910. Located right next to the University of Chicago, it is a prime example of the Prairie Style of architecture. However, the building has faced the threat of demolition multiple times. One was so serious that a 90-year-old Wright visited the site to protest. Thankfully it is now a Chicago Landmark, which protects the building from demolition, and the Frank Lloyd Wright Preservation Trust maintains the building.
Let's take a look at the transportation costs one could expect living in the Robie House.
Despite higher gas prices in Chicago, $794/month in transportation costs is markedly better than the cost of getting around if you lived in Fallingwater. The increase in transportation costs for Robie House over the past decade is a relatively modest 14 percent.
Chicago has a population density of 11,864 people per square mile, which provides both the resources and incentives for efficient public transit options. A 30-day pass on the CTA, which will take you anywhere in Chicago and even Evanston to the north, is only $86. Likewise, there are many businesses and amenities within a short distance, making walking and biking to destinations much more feasible. Having options other than the car makes average transportation costs less reliant on gas prices, keeping the average more stable over time.
What's your favorite Frank Lloyd Wright home? Do you think transportation costs there are more similar to Fallingwater House or Robie House? Plug the address into Abogo and let us know what you find out!


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Introduction to Intonation Units
Intonation units are an important component of American English pronunciation and speech. In order to understand American English intonation, it is important to understand intonation units. An intonation unit is a segment of speech. It can be as small as a single word, or as long as a sentence. Two sentences with identical grammatical structure may be comprised of differing numbers of intonation units when spoken, based on the intent or emotional state of the speaker. It is important to learn to distinguish these units because they have important implications for sub-textual meanings and for maintaining speaker order correctly in a conversation. There is no single determiner as to where intonation units begin and end or how many a single sentence contains, but there are clues.
Generally, intonation units:
Intonation units and emotion
Individual speakers alter the number of intonation units they use. Some of this is based on individual patterns and habits, but speakers also alter intonation units based on emotion. A faster speaker will generally use fewer intonation units and may be seen as being more urgent, frantic, excited, and anxious. A slower speaker may have more intonation units and may be perceived as being more emphatic, determined, and insistent. Of course, these are the extremes, and most people normally speak somewhere in the middle range.
Elements of intonation units
Sentences can often be broken up into multiple intonation units. Each intonation unit usually has a single pitch word and ends in a pitch boundary (See Introduction to Pitch Boundaries lesson). Each pitch word conveys information to the listener, and each pitch boundary helps organize how speakers take turns speaking.
The following examples show that similar sentences can have a different number of intonation units. The end of each intonation unit is marked with a hash ( / ) and the pitch words are bolded.
Notice that the speaker with fewer intonation units spoke faster, with fewer pauses, and with fewer changes in pitch during the statement.
The sentence with more intonation units sounds more emphatic and deliberate about what is being said. More intonation units can cause the entire conversation to occur more slowly. Speakers tend to match each other's English rhythm, so if one speaker has a more emphatic rhythm, it is likely that other speakers will mirror it.


Woodlanders Series
Even among today's progressive movements of local economy and food systems, the vast global knowledge of forest livelihoods and economies are mostly undervalued and undocumented. From woodcraft and nut tree cultures of ancient Europe, to mushroom and forest medicines of Asia, there many fascinating ways of creating sustainable economies from the forests while maintaining their ecological health and complexity. While filming INHABIT I fell in love with woodland cultures and felt called to research further. Over the past year I began to create an accessible archive of these stories and I hope to share this inspiring world with you. Sustainable relationships with forests regenerate and protect these wild places while also offering livelihoods to humans. Each episode will focus on a person or culture who has a sustainable relationship and/or livelihood with a forest. Join me on the journey and learn how much forests can offer.
Resource type:


Active Scan. Scan your PC free
Download Cloud Antivirus Gratis
Virus Encyclopedia
Welcome to the Virus Encyclopedia of Panda Security.
Threat LevelLow threatDamageHighDistributionNot widespread
Means of transmission
Propagation through the exploits of remote vulnerabilities:
Krap.AZ carries out the following process:
Propagation via email:
Krap.AZ carries out the following process:
 - It arrives in an email message with an attachment. The message tries to trick users into thinking that the attachment is an interesting application, images, etc.
 - When the user runs the attachment, the computer is infected.
 - Krap.AZ sends itself to a set of contacts, which it obtains through the address books of programs such as Outlook or MSN Messenger, or searching for email addresses in files with specific extensions (WAB, HTM, HTML, TXT, etc).
Propagation through P2P programs:
Krap.AZ carries out the following process:
 - Other users of these programs can remotely access these shared folders. So, they voluntarily download onto their computer files created by Krap.AZ in the belief that they are useful or interesting applications, movies, images, etc. In fact, they are downloading copies of Krap.AZ onto their computers.
 - When they run the downloaded file, these computers will be affected by Krap.AZ.
Propagation via IRC:
Krap.AZ carries out the following process:
 - It waits until the user connects to an IRC chat channel.
 - It sends a copy of itself to all users connected to the channel at that moment.
Further Details
Krap.AZ has the following additional characteristics:
 - It is 147895 bytes in size.


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Alevi ritual practice is a significant means in (re)producing a specific Alevi habitus and cultural identity. It is well known that the
Alevi ritual practice is a significant means in (re)producing a specific Alevi habitus and cultural identity. It is well known that the cem ritual and the emblematic semah were formative in the so-called Alevi revival. Representations of such performances became core symbols of 'Aleviness'. Despite this, Alevis often complain of a lack of 'authenticity' of the contemporary Alevi ritual. And yet, contemporary rituals and ceremonies still preserve rites and ritual elements constitutive for the Alevi tradition. By drawing on a large body of audio-visual material collected from 2003 to 2010, this lecture will present examples from a systematic analysis of the repertoire and structures of transnational ritual practice, focussing on its aesthetics.
holds an M.A. (Islamic Studies, Cultural Anthropology) and a PhD, both from the University of Heidelberg, where he was appointed 'Privatdozent' with a venia legendi for 'Islamwissenschaft' in 2016. Since October 2017, he has been a senior researcher at the Orient-Institut Istanbul, responsible for the research area 'History of Religions'. He conducted fieldwork in Iran, Turkey, Armenia, and Germany among Zoroastrians, Alevis, Yezidis, and Twelver Shiites, both as a member of the Collaborative Research Centre 'Dynamics of Ritual' (University of Heidelberg) and as a research group leader at the Department for the Study of Religions (University of Bayreuth).
Susam Sokak No:16 Kat:3 Daire: 7 Cihangir - İstanbul


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One of Toronto's little historical secrets is the mystery of why Bay St does such a large jog at Queen St. History buffs may know the answer, but I only recently came upon it myself, and it answered many questions I'd long had about the strange disconnect in (of all places) Yorkville between Yonge St and the centre of what we now think of as Yorkville, the area west of Bay St.
The jog on Bay St creates one of Toronto's most spectacular urban design moments, but it was far from deliberately planned that way – the placement of the tower of Old City Hall simply took advantage of a precondition in which Bay St ended at Queen St. What is today Bay St north of Queen St was originally a separate street running between Queen St and College St called Terauley St. Terauley St and the grid north of Queen St were originally laid out as part of a separate estate that did not line up with the grid south of Queen (even University Ave did not originally extend south of Queen St, whereas Yonge St was the exception as it was the original concession road).
North of College St there was a one block break, and then a series of streets with slightly different alignments (called St Vincent St, Chapel St and North St) continued the rough line of Terauley St north to Bloor St. North of Bloor St, no streets crossed through Yorkville along the Terauley St alignment. In the early 1920′s, the City decided to cut the Terauley alignment all the way through from Queen St to Davenport Rd and rename it as an extension of Bay St. The late date of Bay St's creation north of Queen partly explains the lack of significant historical buildings along the street.
The effect in Yorkville has been more profound, as Bay St essentially split the old village in two. Originally, the centre of Yorkville was clearly along Yonge St (very few commercial buildings even existed at the time along Bloor St). Both the library and the fire hall were located close to Yonge St on Yorkville Ave. Since the 1920′s and the cutting through of Bay St, the fortunes of Yorkville west and east of Bay seem to have gone in different directions. While Yonge St has lost most of its connection to Yorkville and sense of it's former individuality, Yorkville west of Bay was destined to become a centre for artists and alternative culture and finally a very unique boutique shopping district, maintaining a significant amount of its character and village feeling.


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Eating Disorders Prevention: an Effectiveness Trial for At-Risk College Students
Threshold and subthreshold eating disorders affect over 10% of young women and are associated with functional impairment, distress, psychiatric comorbidity, medical complications, mortality, and risk for obesity onset. Accordingly, a pressing public healthy priority is to develop effective prevention programs for eating pathology. This research study is the first effectiveness trial to test whether an eating disorder prevention program with strong empirical support from efficacy trials produces effects under ecologically valid conditions among high-risk female college students, which is a vital step toward widespread dissemination of programs developed with NIH funding. The cost-effectiveness analyses and examination of process factors that predict larger intervention effects also represent novel contributions to the literature.


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Auricula Meretricula Author:None This play is a unique new text for students in their first semester of Latin. It provides an enticing introduction to the genres of Roman comedy and love-elegy. Each scene uses new forms and vocabulary, thus reinforcing the students' grasp of grammar by placing it in a living context. Auricula has been enthusiastically acclaimed by students a... more »nd teachers alike, and has already been used successfully in several Classics departments.« less
This book was a required "text" for my Latin 101 class. It is a play written all in Latin with vocabulary words used in beginning Latin. It was a BLAST to perform this play in class. Your students will really enjoy this assignment and learn lots!


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|Uploaded:||July 16, 2011|
|Updated:||July 16, 2011|
Up next is a new approach on making a polar bear simple enough for everyone to create on your own. This tutorial is going to be just what you need when you want to have fun with your friends as you think of what you can do for an activity. Since a lot of the members that come to Dragoart are novice artist, I'm trying to make tutorials that can accommodate both new and intermediate skills. The best thing about learning from a simple lesson, is the fact that you can get a general idea on how to draw a specific animal, person, object, or even deigns like tattoos and such. With this submission you will learn the basics when it comes to teaching yourself "how to draw a polar bear for kids", step by step. With my new technique of making animals for kids, I'm actually cutting down on the amount of steps involved when it comes to turning drawings into tutorials. The polar bear is a popular attraction when visiting an aquarium or zoo. This was one of my favorite animals to watch through the big, thick looking glass at Roger Williams Park Zoo. Of course that was some time ago and to tell you the truth I don't even know if the polar bear is still there. Anyways, have fun drawing a polar bear for kids, I will come back soon because I do still have more lessons on the way.


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punishment and contributions amounts evolve over finitely repeated games and how these patterns vary depending on how likely it is for punishment to be effective. We use a Fischbacher et al. 2001 typing procedure to examine correlations between contribution type (e.g. altruist, conditional cooperator, etc.) and retaliatory punishment behavior. Our study sheds light on how costly probabilistic punishment shapes cooperation in a group setting.
Short, A. ; Ralston, J. ; Aimone, J. ; Rentschler, L. ; North, C. (2019) Plotting Prevenge: Punishment Strategies in a Public Goods Environment
We use a set of experimental voluntary contribution mechanism (VCM) games to study the effect of costly probabilistic punishment on contribution amounts. Our primary treatment variables allow us to vary probabilities of punishment, information regarding the contributions of group members, and the occurrence of type I errors being made. Our methods and rich data set allow for a detailed typing procedure using punishment participant punishment strategies, which can evolve according to different informational treatments and punishment conditions. We also use a Fischbacher et al. 2001 typing procedure to examine correlations between contribution type (e.g. altruist, conditional cooperator, etc.) and punishment type.
Ralston, J. (2016) Debt Aversion and the Impact of Natural Borrowing Constraints: Evidence from an Experiment
Consumption theory states that if total lifecycle income remains constant, consumption will be flat regardless of whether the income profile is upward or downward sloping. However, in experimental literature deviations from optimal consumption are larger in lifecycles with upward sloping income profiles than downward. This has come to be referred to as ''debt aversion''. Through use of increasing and decreasing income profiles with the same expected total income and same expected total life time utility in a treatment, consumption behavior under borrowing and saving regimes are able to be compared directly. In the experiment, we allow for lengthening of the lifecycle and adding of borrowing constraints. It is found that there are modest reductions in deviations from optimal behavior when in the presence of a borrowing constraint, and that its effects are largest in the longer of the two lifecycle types. This indicates that loss aversion and risk aversion are alleviated by borrowing constraints.


%0 Conference Paper %B Joint International Semantic Technology Conference %D 2015 %T Alignment Aware Linked Data Compression %A Joshi, Amit Krishna %A Pascal Hitzler %A Dong, Guozhu %X
The success of linked data has resulted in a large amount of data being generated in a standard RDF format. Various techniques have been explored to generate a compressed version of RDF datasets for archival and transmission purpose. However, these compression techniques are designed to compress a given dataset without using any external knowledge, either through a compact representation or removal of semantic redundancies present in the dataset. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach to compress RDF datasets by exploiting alignments present across various datasets at both instance and schema level. Our system generates lossy compression based on the confidence value of relation between the terms. We also present a comprehensive evaluation of the approach by using reference alignment from OAEI.
%B Joint International Semantic Technology Conference %G eng


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- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
- Published almost 4 years ago
Although people often assume that multiple motives for doing something will be more powerful and effective than a single motive, research suggests that different types of motives for the same action sometimes compete. More specifically, research suggests that instrumental motives, which are extrinsic to the activities at hand, can weaken internal motives, which are intrinsic to the activities at hand. We tested whether holding both instrumental and internal motives yields negative outcomes in a field context in which various motives occur naturally and long-term educational and career outcomes are at stake. We assessed the impact of the motives of over 10,000 West Point cadets over the period of a decade on whether they would become commissioned officers, extend their officer service beyond the minimum required period, and be selected for early career promotions. For each outcome, motivation internal to military service itself predicted positive outcomes; a relationship that was negatively affected when instrumental motives were also in evidence. These results suggest that holding multiple motives damages persistence and performance in educational and occupational contexts over long periods of time.
Two female doctors who were undergoing officer training at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst sustained pubic ramus stress fractures. This report looks at the reasons why these medical officers may have sustained these fractures and how they may be prevented in future.
The Impact of Load Carriage on Measures of Power and Agility in Tactical Occupations: A Critical Review
- International journal of environmental research and public health
- Published 3 months ago
The current literature suggests that load carriage can impact on a tactical officer's mobility, and that survival in the field may rely on the officer's mobility. The ability for humans to generate power and agility is critical for performance of the high-intensity movements required in the field of duty. The aims of this review were to critically examine the literature investigating the impacts of load carriage on measures of power and agility and to synthesize the findings. The authors completed a search of the literature using key search terms in four databases. After relevant studies were located using strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, the studies were critically appraised using the Downs and Black Checklist and relevant data were extracted and tabled. Fourteen studies were deemed relevant for this review, ranging in percentage quality scores from 42.85% to 71.43%. Outcome measures used in these studies to indicate levels of power and agility included short-distance sprints, vertical jumps, and agility runs, among others. Performance of both power and agility was shown to decrease when tactical load was added to the participants. This suggests that the increase in weight carried by tactical officers may put this population at risk of injury or fatality in the line of duty.
One of the best ways to contribute to multidisciplinary research and to improve your own knowledge of the review process at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) is to serve as a peer reviewer for research, traineeship, and small business innovation research proposals. Proactive targeted outreach to Scientific Review Officers (SROs) at NIH will increase your chances to become a reviewer. Reviewers with nursing expertise are especially welcome as multidisciplinary research is becoming more prevalent. Steps to identify a likely study section, contact the correct SRO, and review responsibly are described in this article, written by an experienced NIH review officer.
Little is known about occupational fatalities among tactical officers. A greater understanding of such injuries is needed to improve officer safety. The purpose of this study was to provide a descriptive analysis of line-of-duty deaths secondary to felonious assault during tactical incidents.
A retrospective review of Medical Evaluation Board (MEB) data to determine the effect of career field or Army component on the relative risk for mental health (MH) related MEBs among Army Officers, may identify specific populations for enhanced screening before accession, or groups that may require targeted preventive resources during their careers.
The current report presents data on lifetime prevalence of suicide ideation and nonfatal attempts as reported by the large representative sample of U.S. Army soldiers who participated in the Consolidated All-Army Survey of the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (N = 29,982). We also examine associations of key Army career characteristics with these outcomes. Prevalence estimates for lifetime suicide ideation are 12.7% among men and 20.1% among women, and for lifetime suicide attempts are 2.5% and 5.1%, respectively. Retrospective age-of-onset reports suggest that 53.4%-70% of these outcomes had preenlistment onsets. Results revealed that, for both men and women, being in the Regular Army, compared with being in the National Guard or Army Reserve, and being in an enlisted rank, compared with being an officer, is associated with increased risk of suicidal behaviors and that this elevated risk is present both before and after joining the Army.
The purpose of this study was to collect data and disseminate trends in officer-involved firearm deaths in Oklahoma from 2000 to 2015. The Oklahoma Office of the Chief Medical Examiner (OCME) database was searched for civilian decedents with gunshot wounds inflicted by law enforcement officers and officer decedents with gunshot wounds inflicted by civilians. Five decedents were law enforcement officers, while 274 decedents were civilians. The number of civilian decedents throughout the study followed a quadratic trend. Civilian decedents were most commonly males (95%) between the ages of 20 and 39 (64%), had one or two gunshot wounds (46%), and had an increasing number of gunshot wounds over time. Postmortem toxicology testing most commonly detected ethanol, methamphetamine, cocaine, and PCP. Efforts toward increased tracking by various agencies and more scientific studies like this are needed to facilitate future analysis of trends in officer-involved firearm deaths.
We used administrative data to examine predictors of medically documented suicide ideation (SI) among Regular Army soldiers from 2006 through 2009 (N = 10,466 ideators, 124,959 control person-months). Enlisted ideators (97.8% of all cases) were more likely than controls to be female, younger, older when entering service, less educated, never or previously deployed, and have a recent mental health diagnosis. Officer ideators were more likely than controls to be female, younger, younger when entering service, never married, and have a recent mental health diagnosis. Risk among enlisted soldiers peaked in the second month of service and declined steadily, whereas risk among officers remained relatively stable over time. Risk of SI is highest among enlisted soldiers early in Army service, females, and those with a recent mental health diagnosis.
Contrasting the classical explanation of military group cohesion as sustained by interpersonal bonds, recent scholars have highlighted the importance of ritualized communication, training and drills in explaining effective military performance in professional armies. While this has offered a welcome addition to the cohesion literature and a novel micro-sociological method of examining cohesion, its primary evidential base has been combat groups. Indeed, despite their prominent role in directing operations over the past decade, the British Army's officer corps has received relatively little attention from sociologists during this period. No attempt has been made to explain cohesion in the officer corps. Using a similar method to recent cohesion scholars, this paper seeks to address this imbalance by undertaking a micro-sociology of one ritual in particular: 'Barossa Night' in the Royal Irish Regiment. Firstly, it draws on the work of Durkheim to examine how cohesion amongst the officer corps is created and sustained through a dense array of practises during formal social rituals. It provides evidence that the use of rituals highlights that social solidarity is central to understanding officer cohesion. Secondly, following Hockey's work on how private soldiers negotiate order, the paper shows how this solidarity in the officer corps is based on a degree of negotiated order and the need to release organizational tensions inherent in a strictly hierarchical rank structure. It highlights how the awarding of gallantry medals can threaten this negotiated order and fuel deviancy. In examining this behaviour, the paper shows that even amongst an officer class traditionally viewed as the elite upholders of organizational discipline, the negotiation of rank and hierarchy can be fluid. How deviant behaviour is later accepted and normalized by senior officers indicates that negotiated order is as important to understanding cohesion in the British Army's officer corps as it is amongst private soldiers.


Quick Answer: Do Quarterbacks Lift Weights?
Is 225 bench press good?
How long do football players workout a day?
What muscles make you throw a football farther?
Muscles Involved in Throwing These muscles include the pectoralis major and the rotator cuff muscles. Other muscles involved are those of the upper arm, the triceps and biceps; the muscles of the forearm and wrist; and the latissimus dorsi to a lesser extent.
Who has the weakest arm in the NFL?
Matt CasselMatt Cassel. The weakest arm among the starting NFL quarterbacks belongs to Kansas City Chiefs' passer Matt Cassel.
How do football players get big?
What muscles do quarterbacks use?
Football Quarterback – Core Strength: Not only does a football quarterback need a strong upper body for throwing and sustaining hard hits but he must also have a strong core. The back, abs, hips, and glutes are essential for a football quarterbacks durability as well as throwing velocity and speed.
Does Aaron Rodgers lift weights?
Poli says of Rodgers, "his strength is already off the chats." He estimates that Rodgers can bench press over 300 pounds.
Why do QBS lift their leg?
Some teams have a center look between his legs and then they go off the foot. So all the leg-raising is snap count in the shotgun when you're on the road." Quarterbacks also lift their legs to signal for a player to go in motion.
How often do football players lift weights?
On both the college and professional levels, most teams have at least two lifting regimens a week during the season. NFL players are weighed weekly to make sure they maintain their ideal playing weight, and pumping iron is a key component to ensure their hard-earned muscles aren't wasting away.
Should quarterbacks bench press?
When it comes to strength training, you might not think that one of the quarterback's most essential lifts would be the bench press exercise. However, it is absolutely essential for them to do some form of bench press because the improved development of the chest muscles will protect the collar bone and the sternum.


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Cost Accounting for Wilson Production
Can you help me get started with this assignment?
Part 2: The following information has been taken from the cost records of Wilson Production, Inc., for the past year:
Raw material used in production $326
Total manufacturing costs charged to production during the year (includes direct material, direct labor, and overhead equal to 60% of direct labor cost) 686
Cost of goods available for sale 826
Selling and Administrative expenses 25
Inventories Beginning Ending
Raw Material $75 $ 85
Work in Process 80 30
Finished Goods 90 110
Answer the following questions. Show your work
a. The cost of raw material purchased during the year was
b. Direct labor cost charged to production during the year was
Solution Preview
a. The cost of raw materials purchased during the year:
The problem states that $326 worth of raw materials were used in production, so we know that the total amount of raw materials purchased will be $326 plus or minus the change in raw materials inventory.
Since Raw Material Beginning Inventory was $75 and Ending Raw Material Inventory was $85, then we know that Raw Material Inventory increased by $10. This means that $10 worth of inventory was purchased but not used in production. Since $326 worth of inventory was used in production and $10 was bought but not used in production,...
Solution Summary
The solution fills in the blanks in the cost accounting of Wilson Production.