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On the acoustic response of a generic gas turbine fuel injector passage
2019-01-31T14:39:51Z (GMT) by
A current trend in the design of modern aero engines is the transition towards leaner combustion as a solution to satisfy increasingly stringent emission regulations. Lean combustion systems are often more susceptible to thermoacoustic instability and the fuel injector can play a critical role. This paper presents an analytical study on the unsteady air flow through a generic injector passage in response to incident acoustic waves. The injector passage is represented by a simplified geometry which comprises the main geometrical passage features. The unsteady flow through the passage is obtained by combining the elemental solutions for different parts of the passage. This enables the transfer impedance of the injector passage to be determined and the effects of different design parameters on the sensitivity of the air flow to acoustic perturbations to be examined. The convective wave associated with the unsteady swirl vane wakes is also visited and compared with the results from the numerical simulations obtained in previous works. In addition to helping derive design practices for injector passages from the perspective of thermoacoustic instability, the current analysis can also be applied as a preliminary design tool to assess the acoustic characteristics for an injector passage of the axial swirler type.


3 Basic Folkstyle Wrestling Moves
folkstyle wrestling moves in school
folkstyle wrestling moves in school
What are folkstyle wrestling moves? Folkstyle wrestling moves are also known as collegiate style wretling. They are any wrestling move that is legal or that is not illegal rather within the rules of folkstyle wrestling or collegiate wrestling. Many moves from Greco Roman and Freestyle wrestling are legal and carry over into folkstyle wrestling.
On my blog I recently posted some videos that demonstrate different folkstyle wrestling moves and drills. If you are interested in learning more wrestling skills then I suggest that you go to my blog and watch the videos. However, since this is an article and thus does not use video I will attempt to describe or explain what these moves are, how they are done and when you would use them.
The Granby Roll.
The Granby roll is a classic example of a folkstyle wrestling move. This skill is ONLY used in folkstyle wrestling and not in freestyle or Greco Roman Wrestling. This is a move that the wrestler will do from the bottom position.
You execute the Granby Roll by creating enough space between you and the top wrestler to move your hips out so that you are now at a T to your opponent. You are perpendicular to him rather. Then you want to catch his wrist and roll towards his head. As you roll you through your elbow in between his legs and catch the leg closest to you. When you come through you should, if done correctly, have your opponent on his back. You should be holding him there by locking his arm and leg around your body. Video explains this skill far better than I can with words, but I hope this helps.
Dive and Roll Single Leg Defence.
This move is not a high percentage move but from time to time, when a kid is really athletic or is a lot better than his opponent, this move works. This is a last resort way of getting out when your opponent has shot in and picked up your leg into the air. You are now hopping on one foot hoping not to get taken down. So, in desperation you turn away from the other wrestler, dive and roll. As you roll your leg kicks free. You then turn and face your opponent. Again, this is hard to explain if you have never seen the move. There is video of the move on my blog.
Head Lock.
The head lock is one of the most effective and most ineffective moves there is. It is a great way to score 5 points when you are losing or to get a much needed pin. It is important to do correctly and to know when to hit it otherwise a wrestler can get in trouble. You start by doing what is called a back step. It is a step you take to pop your hips through underneath your opponent so that you can then through him over the lower part of your back and onto his back. A great drill to practice this move is to have one wrestler pop his hips through and throw tehn hold the other person up. Then the other person pops his hips through and throws. You repeat this over and over.
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Determining NAS Storage Requirements Using Mobotix Storage Requirements Planner
When designing a video surveillance system, one of the the most important steps is determining the storage device capacity. When deploying a multiple camera system, using a network attached storage (NAS) device is a viable option as it will give you a central video storage location and protection against hardware failure through the use of multiple hard drives in a redundant array of independent disks (RAID) configuration. A critical step in selecting the right NAS device for your application is determining the amount of storage space required.
Mobotix has simplified this calculation process with the use of their Storage Requirements Planner. The Storage Planer will guide you though all of the necessary parameters of each type of camera to determine the storage requirements. Below is an example calculation for twenty D24 cameras to record on events in a high motion rate area with 14 hours of illumination per day.
As shown above the Storage Requirements Planer allows the user to select the model of Mobotix camera, the image complexity, how much motion is expected in the viewing area, as well as how the camera will be configured for resolution and video codec.
Next, the planer goes through various recording parameters such as whether the application requires continuous or event based recording. You will also select how many frames per second you wish to capture and how many events per day you anticipate. Lastly, enter how long you want recorded events to be stored on the NAS. In this example we chose to keep the recordings for 30 days.
The result of this example estimates 57.56GB of disk space is required, per camera, for the parameters shown. Therefore, the twenty camera system will require approximately 1,151.2GB (57.56GB x 20) of storage space. Assuming a RAID 5 storage configuration, the system will require three 750GB hard drives. Three 750GB drives in a RAID 5 configuration will provide approximately 1,400GB ((750GB X 3) X.62) of total usable storage space.
Now that you know the total storage requirements for the system, you can select the NAS that suits your application.
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TPC is not just a tution center but a holistic institute for learning and development our vision is to build sharper student enabling them to excel in all work of life.
Time and Prices
The Root of Education are Bitter but fruit is sweet.. – Aristotle 1. Convenient timming to suit parents and childern. 2. We open after school during the weekday and have longer opening hours duringbthe weekened to suit all parents and childern. 3. Safe and Secure enviornment for your child to learn in.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Surround (video game)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Developer(s)Atari, Inc.
Publisher(s)Atari, Inc.
Programmer(s)Alan Miller[1]
Platform(s)Atari 2600
 - NA: September 11, 1977
Mode(s)Single player, Multiplayer
Surround is a video game programmed by Alan Miller and published by Atari, Inc. for the Atari Video Computer System (later known as the Atari 2600).[1] It was one of the nine Atari VCS launch titles released in September 1977. Surround is an unofficial port of the arcade game Blockade, released the previous year by Gremlin. As such, it is the first home console version of the game that became widely known across many platforms as Snake. As with other early Atari games, it was licensed to Sears, which released it under the name Chase.[2]
Gameplay screenshot
Like its predecessor Blockade, the object of Surround is to maneuver a square across the screen, leaving a trail behind. A player wins by forcing the other player to crash into one of the trails.[3] Twelve game variations include options allow for speed-up, diagonal movement, wrap-around, and "erase" (the choice to not draw at a given moment). In addition, the sprites can be set to operate at a slower speed, or progressively speed up through five speeds.[4][5]:33
Two additional variations provide a non-game mode called "Video Graffiti" in which players use the joysticks to draw pictures on the screen.[6]
The cartridge and its individual games were reviewed twice in Video magazine. In the Winter 1979 issue of Video, the cartridge was reviewed as part of a general review of the Atari VCS. Collectively games 1-12 were given a review score of 9 out of 10 and described as "complex and challenging" whereas games 13-14 were collectively scored a 5 out of 10 and were described as "fine as a substitute for Soletaire [sic] but basically pretty dull".[5]:33 A more thorough review appeared in Video's "Arcade Alley" column in the Summer 1979 issue where variations #4 and #6 were singled out individually for specific praise. Variation #4 was described as the best solo-play version, though the reviewers noted that the computer employed a particularly conservative (non-aggressive) strategy. Variation #6 (which allows diagonal movements) was identified as the best tournament game, and was praised for "an elegance of design that promotes frequent replay".[7]:42–43
 2. ^ Yarusso, Albert. "Atari 2600 - Sears — Picture Label Variation". Retrieved August 12, 2010.
 3. ^ Surround manual, "1. Introduction (Game Play Objective)", Atari, Inc., 1977
 4. ^ Surround manual, "Game Program", Atari, Inc., 1977
 5. ^ a b Kaplan, Deeny, ed. (Winter 1979). "VideoTest Report Number 18: Atari Video Computer". Video. Reese Communications. 1 (5): 30–34. ISSN 0147-8907.
 6. ^ Surround manual, "4. Game Variations/Features", Atari, Inc., 1977
 7. ^ Kunkel, Bill; Laney, Frank T. II (Summer 1979). "Arcade Alley: Atari Video Computer System". Video. Reese Communications. 2 (3): 42, 43, and 66. ISSN 0147-8907.


Cuban Marine Parks during Pandemic
Imagine yourself staring out across an endless expanse of saltwater flats, mangroves, and pristine beaches seeing hundreds of tarpon rolling with no care in the world. Imagine yourself thirty meters below the surface swimming along a pristine and colorful reef full of groupers, sharks and innumerable wild creatures. This is Cuba, in all it's untarnished majesty.
During 2020, Cuba has become wilder, more pristine, and increasingly biodiverse. It has remained an initiative of Blue Sanctuary to continue to carry out research, patrolling and enforcement efforts in the marine parks during this lockdown period against all odds. Even though resources and personnel were limited, we never stopped! We made sure that the flora and fauna within these parks were able to grow, reproduce and thrive.
From March to the end of November 2020, in Jardines de la Reina, there have been two skiffs patrolling for 12 hours per day across the entire marine park. Along with these patrolling teams, a crew of scientists and researchers on the Oceans for Youth vessel, led by Fabian Pina Amargós, continue to improve our understanding of the populations and ecosystem dynamics that make this place so special. In addition, there has been another team in the Canarreos archipelago comprising Isla de Juventud, Cayo Largo, and Zapata; patrolling 60 hours per week across the destinations while continuing their research. On the north coast, the Cayo Romano marine park has been aggressively patrolled day in and day out to ensure that there is no illegal fishing, netting, or disturbances by foreign vessels. Scientists, researchers, and guides have utilized this time to further their understanding of the marine resources on which they so intrinsically rely. Without any pressure on fish populations, allowing for easy capture rates, researchers were able to gather over 900 unique DNA samples and input over 300 tags in various fish species to assist in monitoring the population movement among the archipelagos. This period of research will be integral for years to come in sustainable management efforts as well as policy making decisions throughout Cuba.
The graph above displays the growing trend of fish tagging efforts in the Cuban marine parks to better understand fish population and migration dynamics.
Because of these endeavors, the research teams have monitored massive spawning aggregations and an incredible abundance of fish species swimming calmly about their natural life patterns. The high numbers of fish logged in population surveys, from small lorito snappers, to goliath groupers, and tarpon; have signaled that these ecosystems are fully functioning in a harmonious state from top to bottom. The research and humanitarian efforts within the marine parks are the conduit to which humankind is able to experience the bounty of Cuba in its natural state coupled with the positive effects of marine conservation. Where else in the world can you jump thirty tarpon in a day? Where else can you dive amongst fifty carribean reef and silky sharks? Where else does the sheer act of participation in nature have positive results on the health of the ecosystem? These are the Blue Sanctuaries of Cuba.
Finally, even though 2020 was a historic hurricane year, our marine parks and infrastructure were completely unaffected. A couple of small storms grazed the island, but the natural coastal barriers kept harm at bay. With sound and innovative management of both flora and fauna since the early 90s, Blue Sanctuary is now excited to be welcoming a new era of enhanced progress and sustainability in Cuba. We feel incredibly lucky to be winding this year down with great news that the conservation mission that we have set out to pursue has been successful in even the most difficult of times. Our crews, guides, and scientists are healthy and eager to welcome you back to Cuba when the time comes. Until then, stay safe and happy.


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An increase in expenses has led to the introduction of rationalisation in healthcare. With this comes the emergence of business operation analytics of each entity with a view to improve the business operations with unaltered quality of work. A hospital-based clinical laboratory is part of the healthcare system, but it can also be viewed as an independent unit. The goal of the clinical laboratory as a unit is the accuracy and reliability of laboratory tests. Today, the benchmarks of financial business operations are becoming more important; productivity evaluation, i.e. efficient business operations.
Laboratory business operation analytics provide us with an insight into a successful business performance. The increase in productivity of clinical laboratories relates to the technical development of the laboratory diagnostics, which can at first be viewed as an expense, because it requires a financial investment. The introduction of an IT system into the laboratory leads to a better control of work procedures, improvement of work organisation, saving time and subsequently affects productivity. The laboratory business operation analytics, as well as the financial cost-effectiveness of the investment can be seen by developing an economic model, i.e. model of a laboratory as an economic entity. The creation of the model of a laboratory as an economic entity implies the identification of revenues and expenses and their comparison in a specific time period, typically one year.
A sum that shows whether the laboratory performs its business operations profitably or not is obtained by comparison of total revenues and all expenses of the clinical laboratory. It is the starting point from where the measures for business performance improvement shall be taken.
The introduction of an IT system into the laboratory leads to a better control of work procedures, improvement of work organisation, saving time and subsequently affects productivity.
The goal of this study was the analysis of the clinical laboratory business operations as an economic entity over one year, as well as the analysis of business operations of the model, with a potential improvement and deterioration of business performance compared to the basic model. The models were made using SWOT analysis; the model of deterioration was based on weaknesses and threats, and the model of improvement on strengths and opportunities of the laboratory, as shown in one previous study.
Materials and Methods
Institution The institution chosen for this research was Clinical Laboratory of the General County Hospital (GCH) Našice, Croatia. It is a typical provider of laboratory services for all hospital in-patients, hospital outpatients, and patients referred from primary healthcare providers in the region. GCH Našice is a non-profitable institution funded from the State Budget of the Republic of Croatia through the Croatian Institute for Health Insurance (CIHI).
Profit and Loss Account The analysis of laboratory performance was carried out using the method of profit and loss account, which shows the profitability of the laboratory. The basic elements of the profit and loss account are revenues and expenses, and the difference between them represents profit or loss in business operations and proves profitability. The total revenues consist of the fees charged for the tests performed and the expenses are all expenses necessary for earning the revenues. The revenues and expenses are categorised.
Graded profit in the profit and loss account is shown using the contribution margin, gross profit, and operating profit. Contribution margin is total revenue less direct material expenses. Gross profit is the difference between total revenue and total production expenses. Operating profit with a positive number sign indicates profitable business operations, whereas negative number sign indicates unprofitable business operations.
Economic Sensitivity AnalysisEconomic sensitivity analysis was used to show how business operations may be altered by changing one or more parameters in the profit and loss account. Three models with changed operating profit as compared to the basic model were shown, i.e. the economic sensitivity analysis was performed, for which the data had been obtained through the SWOT analysis.
Results and Discussion
The profit and loss account for 2008 showed profitable business operations of the laboratory and the positive operating profit in the amount of 470,423 euro. Using the economic sensitivity analysis, three models with modified operating profit were developed:
- Reduced tests;
- Technological improvement (automation with informatisation); and
- Technological improvement with three employees less and additional tests.
Weaknesses and opportunities represent internal characteristics of the laboratory, whereas the strengths and threats are derived from the clinical laboratory environment, in other words the geographical surroundings in radius of fifty kilometers with 100,000 inhabitants.
In the reduced tests model, the number of tests was reduced for all specialist tests in outpatient services and none were performed for primary healthcare. The operating profit would amount to only 21,542 euro.
The technological improvement model, due to the expenses for automation and informatisation, would reduce the operating profit to 431,464 euro.
In the increased operating profit model, conditioned by the technological improvement that would facilitate the work with three employees less with simultaneous addition of tests, it would amount to 535,804 euro.
This research shows that the clinical laboratory GCH Našice performed its business operations profitably in 2008. Profitable business operations were shown in the profit and loss account, where the operating profit was positive and amounted to 470,423 euro. The profit realised in the clinical laboratory GCH Našice in the amount of 470,423 euro represents operational earnings that would remain to the owner of a business entity on the market.
The SWOT analysis tested the threats for the laboratory arising from its surroundings. The threat to the analysed laboratory is loss of patients, i.e. reduced tests, which could become real by the establishment of a new clinical laboratory in the radius of 50 km with 100,000 inhabitants. The establishment of such a laboratory, which could take over patients from the primary healthcare providers and provide specialist tests for outpatients, would decrease the operating profit to only 21,542 euro. In order to prevent such threats from becoming real, it is necessary to continuously develop the laboratory and to perform market research.
The technological improvement model that would introduce potential automation and informatisation showed the reduction in operating profit to 431,464 euro in comparison to the basic model. This reduction in the operating profit is actually the price for potential automation and informatisation, which is not high compared to its benefit, since the difference in the operating profit is only 38,959 euro. Regardless of the price, potential automation and informatisation significantly improve the quality of service. The inexistence of total automation and informatisation in the laboratory is a weakness that could become an opportunity, because it facilitates work with three employees less as well as performing additional tests. Those additional tests in the researched laboratory are the ones performed by other laboratories in the radius of approximately 50 km, such as medical examinations, physician's certificates or laboratory tests that are directly paid. If the potential to carry out additional tests, work with three employees less with automation and informatisation, as shown in the technological improvement with additional tests and three employees less model, were realised, the operating profit would increase to 535,804 euro.
Business performance could be improved either by augmenting the scope of work, connected with the expansion on new markets, which is a customary practice in the US and market-oriented states or by reducing the costs through monitoring the work procedures in detail. Constant development, monitoring of market demands and reduction in operating costs can certainly lead to the improvement in business performance of the laboratory, independent of its funding.
The risks of reduced tests amount to 448,881 euro, the potential to increase the profit 65,381 euro. Hence, the risk of the decrease in profit is seven times higher than the potential increase based on opportunities. In other words, the results showed a potential decrease in the operating profit by 95 percent, because it would be reduced from 470,723 to only 21,542 euro, whereas the potential increase in the operating profit could be only to 535,804 euro or 14 percent. In conclusion, reduced tests due to the establishment of a new clinical laboratory would have a significant negative impact on the profitability compared to the potential increase of profitability.
Such business analysis can result in positive financial breakthrough even in the institutions where primary health system function is not making profit. It clearly shows the need for basic education in economics and its implementation by managers in individual departments in the healthcare system. The profitability of any clinical laboratory can be increased using the analytics shown in this report and using the knowledge in economics.


North east pet owners urged to record cat activity
Cat owners are being asked to record what their pets catch in terms of small animals. Picture: Complimentary
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PET owners are being urged to record precisely what their cats drag in as part of a pioneering project to record the species of mammals spread across the north east of Scotland.
The bizarre survey has been launched to help in the creation of a Mammal Atlas for Aberdeen, Aberdeenshire, Moray and the Cairngorms National Park.
Cat owners across the area are being asked to record the various animals their beloved felines bring in through the cat flap. And the survey organisers are even planning to host two "Look What the Cat Brought In" events to help moggy owners to identify the various mammals.which have fallen prey to their pets.
A spokeswoman for Aberdeenshire Council explained: "The North East Scotland Biological Records Centre (NESBReC) is compiling the Mammal Atlas for 2015 but is appealing for help from local walkers, pet owners and animal lovers.
"Small mammals are particularly under recorded and taking a note of what the cat catches and takes home is a very useful way of compiling the data."
She added: "A survey by the Mammal Society in 2001 found that the average household cat can catch up to 40 creatures a year. Mice tend to be the most popular mammal prey, followed by voles and shrews. Larger mammals, such as rabbits,weasels, stoats and squirrels were also recorded. Cats can roam up to over half a mile away each night and have a home range of 28 hectares (70 acres).
"Records of the animals that cats have caught could be the only way for NESBReC to get information on mammals in certain areas."
Councillor Isobel Davidson, the chair of Aberdeenshire Council's Education, Learning and Leisure Committee, said:"The Mammal Atlas is an important project for the north-east of Scotland and I am glad to see NESBReC coming up with interesting and engaging ways for people to get involved.
"It might be unpleasant when the cat brings an animal into the house, but now at least it can be a useful indicator of the mammals living in your area."
Glenn Roberts, the NESBReC manager, said: "We really welcome everyone in the North east of Scotland to get involved in the creation of a Mammal Atlas. The most common species are often overlooked, and even if you have never looked at mammals before, it is easy to get involved in recording wildlife and photos are always welcomed."
Pet owners are being asked to record what species their cat dragged in, and where and when they saw it.
The spokeswoman added: "Pictures can be sent to NESBReC even if you are not sure what the mammal is."
NESBReC is a partnership between Aberdeenshire Council, Aberdeen City Council, Scottish Natural Heritage, the University of Aberdeen, the RSPB and Forestry Commission Scotland.
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Coffee pollination in fragmented tropical landscapes: conservation of an important ecosystem service.
Ricketts, Taylor*,1, 1 Stanford University, Stanford, CA
ABSTRACTEcosystem services support human life and thus provide a powerful scientific and economic basis for informing conservation policies. Crop pollination by wild pollinators is a particularly clear example of an ecosystem service that has enormous value but is threatened by continued intensification of human land use. In this study, I am investigating the importance of native forest remnants as sources of wild pollinators to surrounding coffee crops in Central America. Working in coffee plots along replicated distance gradients (0 - 1.7 km) from forest patches, I conducted observations of coffee flower visitors (i.e., bees) and manipulative experiments to measure pollen limitation of coffee yields. Diversity, abundance, and visitation rate of bees, as well as pollen deposition rates on coffee stigmas, all decline significantly with distance from forest. Results from the first year of pollination experiments suggest a similar decline in yields, but these results are less clear. Studies such as this could indicate the economic value of forest remnants to surrounding human communities and, in so doing, suggest ways of aligning economic incentives with biodiversity conservation in agricultural landscapes.
KEY WORDS: ecosystem services, pollination, landscape ecology, fragmentation

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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The Ultimate Guide to Cold Brew Coffee: Mastery from Bean to Cup
Introduction to Cold Brew CoffeeCold brew coffee sets itself apart from traditional hot brewed and iced coffee through a unique brewing method that uses room temperature or cold water. This technique, with historical roots stretching back to 17th century Japan, is renowned for its ability to transform the coffee's flavor profile. By avoiding hot water, the cold brew process aims to mitigate bitterness and acidity, resulting in a smoother, milder coffee that's both refreshing and rich in history.
The Brewing ProcessIts brewing process is at the heart of cold brew coffee's distinct taste. This involves steeping coarsely ground coffee beans in cold water over an extended period, typically between 12 to 24 hours. The magic of this slow extraction is that it pulls out flavors in a way that significantly reduces the coffee's natural acidity and bitterness. Consequently, the resulting brew offers a unique flavor profile that is often smoother and less recognizable as traditional coffee when tasted alongside its hot brewed counterpart.
Brew Ratio: The Key to Perfect Cold Brew
Understanding and mastering the brew ratio is crucial in making exceptional cold brew coffee. The brew ratio—essentially the proportion of coffee to water—is a pivotal factor in determining your cold brew's strength and flavor intensity. A standard starting point is a 1:8 coffee-to-water ratio by weight (125 grams of coffee to 1 liter of water). Here are steps to adjust the brew ratio for cold brew coffee:
- Start with the Standard Ratio: Begin your cold brew journey with the 1:8 ratio as a baseline.
- Adjust According to Taste: If you prefer a more potent brew, gradually increase the amount of coffee, moving towards a 1:7 or even a 1:6 ratio. For a lighter brew, decrease the coffee slightly.
- Experiment with Brewing Time: Longer brewing times can extract more flavor and caffeine, but be mindful of over-extraction, which can lead to bitterness.
- Fine-tune and Record: Keep notes of the ratios and brewing times you try, noting the taste outcomes. This will help you refine your process to achieve your perfect cold brew.
Incorporating the brew ratio into your brewing process optimises flavor extraction and ensures consistency in your coffee's strength and taste.
DIY Brewing Equipment and Steps
Making cold brew coffee at home is surprisingly straightforward and doesn't require complex equipment. Your brewing vessel will be a French press, Chemex, or glass carafe. The process is as follows:
- Coarsely grind the coffee beans
- Following your chosen brew ratio, steep the grounds in cold water for 12-18 hours
- Filter the brew using paper coffee filters
Adjustments in the coffee-to-water ratio and brewing time allow for a customized brewing experience tailored to personal taste preferences.


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Housing Patterns
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You are here: Census.govPeople and HouseholdsHousing Patterns MainAbout › › Appendix D
Appendix D
Detailed Figures
The following detailed figures show two-decade changes for selected individual metropolitan areas for each racial/ethnic group for each of the five indexes. The two-decade changes include 1980 versus 1990 and 1990 versus 2000. Those metropolitan areas above the 45 degree line indicate an increase in segregation between the two decades, while those below the line indicate a decrease.
D-1: American Indians and Alaska Natives
D-2: Asians and Pacific Islanders
D-3: Blacks or African Americans
D-4: Hispanics or Latinos


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Full size overlays can be preferable to the smaller, more convenient Reading Rulers in a number of cases. For example where factors of age or disability cause coordination problems, or when both hands are engaged while text and other representations are being followed (such as when reading music or following a recipe). One side of the overlay has a matt coating.
Some matt coatings can reduce the transparency of a tinted overlay, but overlays from Crossbow Education have been subjected to stringent testing to ensure that maximum print clarity is retained while reflected light from the overlay surface has been significantly reduced. Nevertheless, some people prefer using the gloss side of the overlay.
This mixed pack includes: Aqua, Celery, Grass, Jade, Magenta, Orange, Pink, Purple, Sky and Yellow.


When the heat is on, student learning suffers
Credit: CC0 Public Domain
Heat waves are taking their toll on schoolchildren, particularly those from low-income families and minority groups. That is one takeaway from a new research study examining the impact of cumulative heat exposure on cognitive skill development, co-authored by Harvard Kennedy School Associate Professor Joshua Goodman.
Hotter countries tend to be poorer. Hotter countries also tend to score lower on measurements. Goodman and his fellow researchers examined the of millions of American high students to determine whether heat had an impact on their academic achievement.
The findings were clear: students scored lower when they had just experienced a hot school year than when they had just experience a cool school year; low-income and minority students were impacted by heat more than others; and in schools all but completely eliminated the impact of heat.
"We show that only school-day exposure to higher temperatures affects test scores; hot summers and weekends have little impact on achievement and controlling for such exposure does not shrink the magnitude of impact of hot school days," the authors write. "This suggests that heat's disruption of instruction or homework time is responsible for the observed drop in test scores."
The drop in performance is significant, the research showed. On average, fell by the equivalent of 1 percent of a year's worth of learning for each additional degree Fahrenheit in temperature during the year preceding the exam.
The impacts are exacerbated for low-income students and those from. "For students living in zip codes in the lowest quintile of average income, a one degree Fahrenheit hotter prior school year is three times as damaging to academic achievement as it is for those living in the highest quintile of income," the authors report. "Similarly, the impact of heat on achievement is three times as large for black and Hispanic students as for white students."
But having air conditioning in classrooms changes everything, the research showed, offsetting nearly all of the damaging impacts of cumulative heat exposure on achievement. "School air conditioning penetration reported in 2016 mitigates the adverse effect of hot temperatures substantially, such that moving from a school with no air-conditioned classrooms to a school with all air-conditioned classrooms reduces the impact by approximately 78 percent," they write.
Goodman and his fellow researchers state that their study could influence thinking around achievement gaps, the impact of global climate change, and the benefits of keeping classrooms cool.
"We argue that heat effects account for up to 13 percent of the U.S. racial achievement gap, both because black and Hispanic students live in hotter places than white students and because heat damages minority students' achievement more than'achievement," they write. "We estimate that school air conditioning would offset over $25,000 per classroom per year in future lost earnings due to temperature increases predicted by climate change models. The… benefits appear substantially larger than the costs of installing and operating such infrastructure."
The study was based on data from 10 million American students from the high school classes of 2001 to 2014 who took the PSAT exam multiple times.
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Better breakfast, better grades
More information: Heat and Learning. NBER Working Paper Series. _URL_ … man/files/w24639.pdf
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Citation: When the heat is on, student learning suffers (2018, May 30) retrieved 1 August 2021 from _URL_
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David Bisseli, (2007) Mobile bodies: train travel and practices of movement. Doctoral thesis, Durham University.
This thesis investigates experiences of railway travel from a passenger perspective by looking at how passengers move through and dwell within spaces of the railway journey. It responds to a lack of attention to diverse processual enactments and theorisations of processes and practices that constitute these flows. Challenging both the theory that this particular'space of flows' constitutes a non-place that is characterised by placelessness, and theories that rely on aggregate models of movement that serve to pacify the body, this thesis speaks to the neglected transient experience that acknowledges how the railway journey is continually brought into being by passengers through practice rather than given a-priori. It is based on in-depth empirical research that focuses on long-distance, intercity journeys as a particular space of flows. It develops a descriptive, multi-method approach to investigate what a travelling body is and how a body becomes a travelling body; how and to what extent travel-time is planned, organised, used and valued; and how the experience of time and space transform over the duration of a journey. For many, and contrary to economically-productivist studies, the railway journey is not a wasted time, but is valued and put to use in a variety of different ways that fold through and are integrally-linked to the commitments, motivations and obligations of other time-spaces. The resulting heterogeneity of practices within the confined space of the railway carriage also has significant implications for the sociality and forms of responsibility that develop. However, certain parts of the journey are more valuable than others and within this space of flows are many durations of immobility and passivity. Nevertheless, and contrary to other practice-based studies that privilege the body-in-action, passivity does not necessarily constitute a weak form of inhabiting the world. This research demonstrates how multiple configurations of passivity come into play at different points during the railway journey to assist in making the process of travel easier. In sum, this thesis mobilises new ways of looking at transient spaces which attempt to move beyond a sedentary metaphysics of space.
|Item Type:||Thesis (Doctoral)|
|Award:||Doctor of Philosophy|
|Copyright:||Copyright of this thesis is held by the author|
|Deposited On:||08 Sep 2011 18:32|


AfriAfya's vision is to have universal and equitable access to quality health and development information to create informed, empowered and healthy communities, contributing to social transformation. AfriAfya's mission is to link information processes with communication technologies (ICTs) to generate, manage and disseminate information in rural and marginalized communities by innovatively applying modern and traditional information and communication technologies.


Recipe: Perfect Beef Steak with the Perfect Sauce
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The benefits of healthy eating are now being given more publicity than ever before and there are many reasons for this. There are numerous diseases linked with a poor diet and there is a cost to the overall economy as individuals suffer from health problems such as heart disease and high blood pressure. Everywhere you look, people are encouraging you to live a healthier lifestyle but then again, you are also being encouraged to rely on fast foods that can affect your health in a detrimental way. In all likelihood, most people assume that it takes too much work to eat healthily and that they will need to drastically alter their lifestyle. Contrary to that information, individuals can change their eating habits for the better by making some simple changes.
You can see results without eliminating foods from your diet or make huge changes right away. Even more crucial than completely modifying your diet is just simply substituting healthy eating choices whenever you can. As you become accustomed to the taste of these foods, you will realize that you're eating more healthily than before. Like many other habits, change occurs over a period of time and once a new way of eating becomes part of who you are, you won't feel the need to revert to your old diet.
Therefore, it should be fairly obvious that it's not at all difficult to add healthy eating to your life.
We hope you got insight from reading it, now let's go back to beef steak with the perfect sauce recipe. You can have beef steak with the perfect sauce using 7 ingredients and 4 steps. Here is how you do it.
The ingredients needed to prepare Beef Steak with the Perfect Sauce:
 1. You need of pieces Beef for steak.
 2. Provide of Salt and pepper.
 3. Take of Sauce:.
 4. Prepare of Balsamic vinegar.
 5. Get of Red wine.
 6. Use of Soy sauce.
 7. Use of Black pepper.
Steps to make Beef Steak with the Perfect Sauce:
 1. Let the beef warm to room temperature and make slits in the fat of the steaks. Wrap them in plastic wrap and pound with a rolling pin. Once they about double in size, mold them back into their original shape..
 2. Salt and pepper one side of the steaks, and pan fry in a well-heated frying pan. I recommend from rare to medium..
 3. Remove the steaks to a plate, and using the remaining oil in the frying pan, add the sauce ingredients and cook until thickened..
 4. Slice the beef on the diagonal, like you would for sashimi, and lay on top of your side dishes on a plate. Drizzle over the sauce and it's done..
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Veg sandwiches are no longer just seen in health food zones and vegetarian food counters, they're everywhere. You don't have to be a vegetarian to enjoy the occassional change of taste and health benefits of a vegetarian sandwich. But is a veg sandwich, or veg burger as some call it, really healthy all the time? Is a veg burger a healthy snack simply by virtue of being a vegetarian snack? Today Ms. Sunita Pathania – Sr. Registered Dietician and Diabetes Educator, Healthy Living Diet Clinic, Mumbai, helps us understand the what and how behind the seemingly innocent veg 'burger'.
Why we think that a veg burger is healthy...
One of the biggest reasons why veg sandwiches fall in the healthy food category is that they contain less saturated fat. Sunita says, "A regular, normal veg sandwich consists of approximately four to seven grams of saturated fat." Beyond that what makes a sandwich healthy and nutritious is its size. Since, a veg 'burger' or sandwich does not contain red meat it is considered, sometimes erroneously, to be the healthier snack option.
However, this is subject to many considerations. For instance: Is the vegetable patty fried, steamed or grilled? Is it fried in palm oil? Is it loaded with cholesterol-ridden cheese? Is it layered with unhealthy mayo? A normal, veg sandwich weighs approximately 71-100 grams and has approximately 70 to 150 calories each - IF (and this is important) - it's ingredients are healthy and prepared using healthy methods. Depending on size and the content added to it, the health qualities of a veg sandwich may be high or low in calories, fat and fiber.
When can a veg sandwich be unhealthy?
Even though a veg sandwich is made of various vegetables, it can be unhealthy due to the amount of processing the ingredients have gone through. Besides, some veg burgers are loaded with excess amounts of sodium, which can cause trouble to your heart and kidney.
Additionally, watch the amount of butter or oil used in a veg sandwich before categorising it as healthy. Beyond that, size does matter. If your veg sandwich is loaded with extra toppings and cheese, then it may contain calories greater than 1,000 – which is half a day's calorie intake for a person who's approximately 6 feet tall!
Sunita says, "A veg 'burger' contain a harmful compound known as Hexane – it is a by-product of gasoline refining that is used to separate whole soybeans into soy oil, protein and fiber. This compound can cause serious health problems ranging from nerve problems which can lead to pain, numbness, muscle problem and digestion problem."
Word of caution
"Veg sandwiches can definitely be healthier than normal meat burgers, but be cautious while choosing one," says Sunita. And if you want the best out of your veg sandwiches, then it best to make them at home. It is simple and you will also be aware of exactly which ingredients are added.
Here is the Dietician's pick for a healthy veg sandwich recipe:
- 15 ounce of black beans
- ½ diced onion
- ½ diced red pepper
- ½ teaspoon cayenne pepper
- ½ teaspoon garlic powder
- 1 egg
- 1 cup bread crumbs
- Salt and pepper to taste
- Mash the above ingredients in a food processor. Shape the mixture into patties. Spray a pan with cooking spray and cook the patties on medium heat for about 3 or 4 minutes on each side.
- Add the patty to whole grain buns or bread slices, add some tomato and onion slices, and voila! Your healthy veg sandwich is ready.
*Image courtesy: © Thinkstock photos/ Getty Images
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to find out exactly how long these DNA strands are, we need reference markers, which we call a ladder. This is a solution containing a mixture of DNA fragments of certain sizes (e.g. 300 nucleotides long, 500, 700, 1,000 etc.). When the ladder solution is placed into a well next to one containing our PCR DNA sample, it will run down the gel in the same way, with the various different sized chunks of DNA appearing at different positions down the gel. So if our PCR DNA sample, appears next to the ladder band representing 500 bp, we know our sample contains DNA of a gene roughly 500 nucleotides long. Or if it appears halfway between the bands of 1,500 and 2,000, we can make an estimate of it being roughly 1,750 nucleotides long.
Once the gel has run for long enough, we switch off the current, and then place the gel under UV light. The fluorescent marker provided by the Ethidium Bromide we put in at the start, means that the DNA will glow quite clearly under the UV.
As you can see, some clear bands of DNA appear roughly around the 347 base pair mark, which is the length of the DNA sequence we are looking for involved in determining blood group. Once we have this section, we add Alu1 restriction enzyme, which cuts the sequence if it is a blood group B allele, but not if it's A or O.


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Step by step data modeling with Cassandra:
When working with a relational database, the first thing you do is modeling your data. A well defined database model allows you to query its data through SQL queries. Unfortunately, a fully normalized model degrades your performance when joins need to be executed on tables that contain millions of rows. To improve performance, Cassandra advocates a query-first approach, where first you identify your queries and then model your data accordingly. In the next couple of paragraphs, we will gradually explore the Cassandra data structures by developing the mutation data model. Remember, what we are trying to achieve is to be able to quickly calculate mutation frequencies!
Original title and link: Cassandra as a Mutation Datastore (NoSQL database©myNoSQL)


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Country of Origin: United States of America
3-D Test: 27.9 x 30.5cm (11 x 12 in.)
Overall: Beta cloth
Snaps: Chrome-plated steel
During the extended periods of the lunar missions, clean drinking water for the astronauts was of paramount importance. This was maintained by chlorinating and buffering the water by insertion of small ampules into the water units. These ampules were stored in this specialized cloth container along with components of the Chlorination syringe used to inject chemicals into the water unit during the mission.
This container was flown on Apollo 11 Command Module and was returned with unused ampules following the mission. It was transferred from NASA to the Smithsonian along with the rest of the contents of the Command Module in 1970.
Transferred from the NASA - Johnson Space Center


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Modulated parasystole originating in the sinoatrial node.
A computer model of "modulated sinus parasystole" was devised in which two sinus pacemakers interacted electrotonically, entraining each other's periodicity according to their beat-to-beat phasic relationships. Depending on the preestablished rules, the model gave rise to various rhythm patterns that were similar to those recorded in patients with sinoatrial arrhythmias. The validity of the model in predicting clinically observed rhythm disturbances was tested in a case of sinoatrial extrasystolic activity. The sinoatrial origin of parasystolic discharges giving rise to various patterns of group beating in this case was diagnosed according to the following electrocardiographic criteria: premature P waves having contour identical to P waves of basic beats, variable coupling intervals, and absence of compensatory pauses (i.e., returning cycles having duration similar to that of the basic P-P interval). For the analysis, it was assumed that two distinct but closely apposed sinoatrial pacemaker centers were competing for activation of the heart. The model accurately simulated the arrhythmias in the electrocardiographic trace. The best fit was found when the two pacemakers interacted on the basis of "resetting" in one direction and electronic modulation in the other. In fact, under appropriate conditions, the model matched precisely all frequency-dependent patterns of extrasystolic activity observed in the trace. We conclude that the modulated parasystole hypothesis can readily explain the mechanism of sinus extrasystolic discharges whose returning cycle equals the basic P-P interval. Moreover, the model predicts that, when the rules for mutual entrainment between "dominant" and parasystolic sinus pacemaker are appropriate, the returning cycle can be shorter than the basic cycle.
- Copyright © 1986 by American Heart Association


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Andrew will discuss his theories on where portal locations might be found. Are these portals connected with parallel worlds or realities? Might they be used by extraterrestrial intelligences to travel from one side of the galaxy to the other? Andrew will show us that both the existence of portals, and the manner of interaction with ultra-terrestrial n-beings, are integrally bound with both human interaction and the process of quantum entanglement. Here we will see how humans can experience such localities.
Out of stock


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Spinal angiolipomas: MR features.
PURPOSE: To determine the MR features of spinal angiolipomas and to compare these findings with their histologic appearance. METHODS: The MR examinations of three patients with surgically proved angiolipomas were reviewed for tumor location and extent, signal characteristics, and pattern of contrast enhancement, and were then compared with the histologic findings. RESULTS: Four tumors were found in the three patients, all located in the posterior epidural compartment, averaging about 2.5 vertebral bodies in length. On noncontrast T1-weighted images, all lesions were inhomogeneous and hypointense relative to epidural fat. Inhomogeneous enhancement was seen in three lesions on postcontrast T1-weighted images obtained with fat-saturation techniques. Angiolipomas were least conspicuous on T2-weighted images. A high vascular content correlated with the presence of large hypointense regions on T1-weighted images. CONCLUSION: Spinal angiolipomas are typically hyperintense on noncontrast T-1-weighted images relative to other tumors. Angiolipomas that contain large hypointense foci on noncontrast T1-weighted images can be expected to have a high degree of vascularity.
Provenzale, JM; McLendon, RE
Volume / Issue
Start / End Page
Pubmed Central ID
International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)


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Institute of Resource Ecology
The IRE conducts fundamental and applied research to protect humans and the environment from technical risks associated with production of energy and raw materials. The goal is to minimize risks originating in the nuclear fuel cycle, the production of energy in nuclear power plants and in the disposal of nuclear waste. In addition, our research addresses the improvement of safety, efficiency, and environmental compatibility of non-nuclear technical processes. The corresponding topics contribute to two programs within the Research Field "Energy" of the Helmholtz-Association.
Program: Nuclear Waste Management, Safety and Radiation Research
Nuclear Waste Management.
Preventing the transition of radionuclides such as uranium, americium, neptunium, plutonium and curium as well as technetium from the geoto the biosphere requires knowledge of their mobility in the environment and of their (radio)ecological behavior. Understanding and modelling these processes on their intrinsically very different scales is a challenging and highly interdisciplinary task which combines geosciences, chemistry and microbiology.
The results will help to develop biochemically and radiochemically founded risk assessment schemes, remediation measures in areas affected by uranium mining, and help to assess the long term safety of final disposal sites for nuclear waste in geologic formations.
HZDR, together with other leading institutions in the field of radioactive waste disposal research in Germany, established the German association for repository research (DAEF). It intends to contribute to the final disposal of nuclear waste and to coordinate respective research in an efficient way.
Correspondingly, research activities in this Topic are grouped in the two themes:
- Long-lived Radionuclides in Disposal Sites
Characterization of the principal surface reactions and species governing the sorption of actinides and radionuclides onto biofilms, surfaces of minerals and rocks, soils and colloids, including the modelling of their speciation and migration.
- Long-lived Radionuclides in Biosystems
Investigation of biochemical interactions of radionuclides, especially actinides with bacteria, archaea, fungi and plants; research on the interactions of radionuclides with dominant microorganisms originating from potential host rocks and barrier material of nuclear waste repositories including the speciation of actinides in prokaryotic microorganisms and single-celled eukaryotic organisms.
The strategic objective of this program topic is to perform research on safety aspects of currently operating nuclear reactors and new reactor types being under development in the neighboring countries. It covers the development of methods for analyses of transients and postulated accidents, the investigation of ageing phenomena in materials and integrity of components, and the safety related aspects connected with the thermal fluid dynamics of cooling water or liquid metal flows.
The work is conducted in the following theme:
- Nuclear Reactor Safety
Development and application of reactor-physics and coupled neutron-kinetics / thermal hydraulics methods for safety analyses of nuclear reactors;
Investigation of ageing phenomena in structural materials connected with fast neutron irradiation;
Investigation of severe accidents in nuclear reactors and assessment, optimization and development of accident management procedures.
Program: Energy Efficiency, Materials and Resources
Research in this Topic is focused on the description of the environmental relevant effects based on the process technologies of resource recovery. Our research activities are concentrated on the mobility of those elements in the environment that are eventually released during processes occurring along the raw mineral and raw metalliferous resource chain. Here, we concentrate on the research theme:
- Particle-mediated Transport in Geosystems:
Quantifying particle-mediated transport and element mobility in geological media by means of radiotracer applications; enhancing process understanding for cost efficiency and risk assessment studies; establishing strong research bonds with other activities in the Topic of Resource Technologies.


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lot of wisdom that comes down from centuries cannot be proven scientifically.
Yet the modern world acknowledges a debt of gratitude to ancient people
who passed down their knowledge to their children who in turn transmitted
the knowledge to their children.
this reason, anthropologists and scientists study remote tribes in place
like Latin America or the Andaman Islands. They feel they can learn
a lot of ancient wisdom from tribals. Ayurveda, homeopathy, and Unani
medicine aren't taught in Europe or America. But they thrive in India.
Primitive tribals in Latin America, for instance, will cure a fever
by getting a patient to swallow a soup made form boiled roots and leaves.
They are illiterate, if you ask them how the soup works, They will shrug
and say they don't know. But their inherited knowledge has come down
over the centuries. It's the same thing with tantric items. They work
on the premise of staunch belief.


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The rate matrix is used to calculate labor cost from labor assignment forecast demand. It is accessed by Administration–>Rates.
The rate table is empty initially.
Note: Managers with FR2 and R3 rights will have an Edit Rates option on their Administration menu, which will allow them to edit the "User Rate." Aside from that, only those with Administrator rights can edit the Rate Table.
To display the rate table, click the button, found in the upper right of the page.
Filter options are at the top of the page. They filter the data by Node, Skill, Cost Category, Country, Location, or Start or End Date. Select your filter and then click the button again. For example, the screenshot below shows data filtered on the country USA.
To add new rows to the rate matrix, click the plus sign on the upper left application bar.
A new row is created at the top of the table. Enter your data and click the SAVE button.
Tips & Tricks
For calculating skill assignment cost:
For calculating named resource assignment cost:
For non-labor assignment (not in this Labor Rates table):
For a full understanding of how rates work in ResourceFirst, including the Rate Matrix and other sources of rates, see Understanding Labor Rates.
To delete one or more rate records, click a field in the row and click the delete button (trash can icon on the upper left Application Bar).
Then click SAVE.
To duplicate a rate record, click a field in the row you wish to copy and click the Copy button (middle icon on the upper left Application Bar).
An exact copy of the selected row is added to the top of the table.
Modify the values in the new row and click SAVE.


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From May 1, 2023, the size of the basic calculation value used to calculate the number of state fees will increase in Uzbekistan, including for actions with objects of intellectual property.
The size of the basic estimated value increases by 10% (from 300,000 to 330,000 Uzbekistani sum). Accordingly, all fees for filing applications, registration, and other actions with trademarks, patents, and industrial designs in Uzbekistan will increase by the same amount.
In particular, at the current exchange rate of the Uzbekistani sum, the state fee for applying for TM in one class will be about $700, and $235 for each additional class. Read more


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Brian Hutchinson, Li Deng, and Dong Yu
We develop and describe a novel deep architecture, the Tensor Deep Stacking Network (T-DSN), where multiple blocks are stacked one on top of another and where a bilinear mapping from hidden representations to the output in each block is used to incorporate higherorder statistics of the input features. A learning algorithm for the T-DSN is presented, in which the main parameter estimation burden is shifted to a convex sub-problem with a closed-form solution. Using an ef?cient and scalable parallel implementation, we train a T-DSN to discriminate standard three-state monophones in the TIMIT database. The T-DSN outperforms an alternative pretrained Deep Neural Network (DNN) architecture in frame-level classi?cation (both state and phone) and in the cross-entropy measure. For continuous phonetic recognition, T-DSN performs equivalently to a DNN but without the need for a hard-to-scale, sequential?ne-tuning step.
|Published in||ICASSP 2012|


Polish Ordinal Numbers
Polish Teacher
Numbers and Dates
What are ordinal numbers?
They are 'first','second', 'third' etc.
They are very useful to learn!
When to use ordinal numbers in Polish
There are many situations and sentences where you will need to use ordinal numbers. They include:
 - When talking about dates in Polish
 - When talking about the time (for example when saying something is "1 o'clock" = godzina pierwsza.
 - and of course when saying things like "this is the first...".
What are the Polish ordinal numbers?
The table below shows them in masculine form. Remember they can be fem. (replace -y with -a) or neut. form too (replace with -e)
English Polish
First pierwszy
Second drugi
Third trzeci
4th czwarty
5th piąty
6th szósty
7th siódmy
8th ósmy
9th dziewiąty
Tenth dziesiąty
Eleventh jedenasty
12th dwunasty
13th trzynasty
14th czternasty
15th piętnasty
16th szesnasty
17th siedemnasty
18th osiemnasty
19th dziewiętnasty
20th dwudziesty
21st dwudziesty pierwszy
30th trzydziesty
100th setny
200th dwusetny
300th trzechsetny
400th czterechsetny
500th pięćsetny
1000th tysięczny
1000000th milionowy
Think you know these words? Take a free online Polish vocab test of these words here Online Test
Next Related Lessons:


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School counselling staff are members of the school learning and support team.
A teacher may recommend the service by referring a student to the school's learning and support team. As a parent or carer, you may refer your child directly to the school counselling service. Students can also self-refer to the service.
The school counselling service can:
- support students who are worrying about school work, friends, getting in trouble at school or feeling down
- help parents and carers make decisions about your child's education
- assess a student's learning and behaviour
- help teachers and students identify and address disabilities that may affect learning
- liaise with other agencies regarding student wellbeing.
School counselling is confidential.
For more information about learning and support teams and the school counselling service, visit:


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Fetch! First clear evidence that dogs do not naturally distinguish objects by shape
22 November 2012
University of Lincoln
Researchers have provided the first empirical evidence that the way in which dogs relate words to objects is fundamentally different to humans.
Many pet owners marvel at their dog's ability to fetch different objects such as toys on instruction, perceiving this as evidence that the dog 'understands' these words in a similar way to us.
Psychologists and animal behaviour specialists from the University of Lincoln in the UK have shown through a series of unique behavioural experiments that the mental lexicon of domestic dogs is constructed in a substantially different manner to our own.
The findings, published in the peer-reviewed online journal PLOS ONE, may help to advance understanding of the foundations of language in humans and the critical differences with other species.
From the onset of word learning, young children generalise names to new objects on the basis of shape, and continue to do so as adults – a tendency known as'shape bias'. This is crucial to language development because it enables children to assign new objects to pre-established classes - for example, to recognise that a tennis ball and a football both belong to the category 'ball'.
The Lincoln researchers found that when dogs are introduced to new words to refer to new objects, they first generalise based on object size, then on object texture. Unlike humans, they do not appear to naturally discriminate based on shape.
The study was conducted by Dr Emile van der Zee from the University of Lincoln's School of Psychology with Helen Zulch and Professor Daniel Mills from the University's School of Life Sciences.
Dr van der Zee said: "A number of recent studies have suggested that the domestic dog's word comprehension is human-like. Arguments have been made to refute this claim but until now there has been no clear empirical evidence to resolve the debate. Our findings bring a fundamental new insight into this discussion and add to our understanding of the cognitive equipment necessary for true human word learning."
Dr van der Zee and his colleagues worked with a five-year-old border collie called Gable who had shown remarkable abilities to learn new object words.
They devised four different challenges for Gable to determine the extent and nature of his word comprehension.
On a number of occasions a selection of ten different objects known to Gable were placed in an enclosure out of sight of Gable and the researchers, and he was then given a verbal instruction to fetch a particular object from the ten.
Initial tests confirmed that Gable could easily distinguish between toys he knew well.
It was when the researchers introduced new words and novel objects of varying shape, size and texture that Gable began to reveal the absence of shape bias in his choices.
He appeared to make distinctions based first on object size, then, when he had longer to become familiar with the new objects, on the basis of texture. Object shape appeared to have no influence.
The researchers concluded that the mental lexicon - the long-term mental store containing sound-to-meaning mappings – appears to be fundamentally different in dogs and humans, both in terms of how it is built (word knowledge development) and in how it operates (word reference quality).
Dr van der Zee added: "This would suggest that an important factor in the natural structuring of the mental lexicon may be the way in which sensory information is organised in a particular species. The human visual system is tuned to detect object shape for the purpose of object recognition. In our experiments we excluded Gable using scent cues. It seems that his visual system and sensory cues linked to his mouth region are focused not on shape, but on size and texture. Only future experiments will reveal what role scent plays for the dog in generalising words. It is only by comparing other species with humans that we can find out more about the neural and genetic foundations of word reference in language."
Besides the significance for researchers interested in the roots of language development, awareness of the absence of shape bias in dogs may also inform refinements to the training programmes for pets, working dogs or assistance animals.
Gable and toys


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A giant sinkhole opened up in a residential area of the town of Schmalkalden, Germany, Monday, causing no injuries but forcing the evacuation of 25 people.
A huge sinkhole appeared overnight in the central German town of Schmalkalden Monday, swallowing a parked car and a garage door but causing no injuries.
The circular hole, which is about 98 feet across and 65 feet deep, appeared at around 3a.m. in a residential area, reports Der Spiegel, forcing the evacuation of 25 people. Experts are pointing to natural causes for the hole, but they have yet to determine the exact cause.
Sinkholes are often caused by the underground erosion of salt beds or soluble sedimentary rocks, such as limestone or dolomite. Groundwater flows through these rocks, creating subterranean caverns that can suddenly collapse.
Officials from Schmalkalden, a town of 20,000 that was formerly part of East Germany say that they plan to fill the hole with gravel.


University of St.Gallen
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Careers in Transition - Resistance, Ambiguity and Contextual Resources in the Identity Constructions of Former Management Consultance
abstract While a wide range of organizational studies have investigated how control is exercised in the context of management consultancies through the regulation of identities, little attention has so far been given to the effects of identity control on individuals who exit consulting firms. Assuming that consultancies are rather successful in shaping and orchestrating the identities of their employees through the construction of a self-pleasing elite image, this project challenges the idea that consultants, upon resigning their job, can easily 'walk out of' their former professional context. Instead, the concept of 'post-exit identification' highlights that a strong identification with a firm may exist well beyond the boundaries of an employment relationship.
For investigating post-exit emancipatory moves, that means the ways in which ex-consultants are still able to leave behind discursively constructed elite identities and to create a new image of self that is not primarily grounded in their previous working context, 30 life story interviews have been conducted with ex-consultants who now work in one of the following organizational contexts: academia, financial services, industry, NGOs, inhouse-consulting and own business start-ups. Based on this data, three different analyses are being conducted to shed more light on the question of post-exit identification.
The first analysis documents what can be called a post-exit identity struggle between discourses that on the one hand express nostalgia and even regret towards the consulting past and discourses that on the other hand indicate positive re-orientations towards the new working context. The analysis indicates that the creative mixing of these discourses constitutes new professional identity constructions in the post-exit arena.
The second analysis focuses on the role that transition narratives play in the construction of alternative identities in the new working context. Assuming that different organizational settings provide different contextual resources for telling a more or less compelling transition narrative, the analysis indicates that the degree of experienced contrast or radical change between the previous and the new working context has an impact as well on ex-consultants' ability to construct an alternative image of self that is not primarily grounded in the past.
By zooming in on the post-exit identity struggle that some former consultants experience, the third analysis sets out to investigate the discursive strategies and acts of balancing through which coherence and ambiguity can simultaneously be maintained in self-narratives of professional transitions. By drawing upon psychodynamic theory, this analysis moreover examines 'why' it might be emotionally worthwhile in narrative identity constructions to consciously or unconsciously preserve both: coherence for a sense of authenticity and ambiguity for a sense of openness.
By having chosen this theoretical framing and overall methodological set up, the study sets out to make the following contributions. By drawing attention to ex-consultants, the study acknowledges a diaspora of professionals which so far has mostly been rendered 'absent', 'invisible' or 'identity-less' in organizational research. Furthermore, by elaborating upon the notion of post-exit identification the existing analysis of identity regulation can be expanded beyond the boundaries of the employment contract.
Moreover, in showing the variation of contextual resources available for the reconstruction of identity in the different new working contexts, greater insights may be provided to practitioners on the link between career shifts, contextual resources and identity change. And finally, by investigating the co-existence of coherence and ambiguity in the narrative constructions of identity from a psychoanalytic perspective, this co-existence can be better understood and explained.
keywords Identity construction, career change, discourse, transition narratives, ambiguity
type dissertation project
status completed
start of project 2009
end of project 2014
additional informations
topics Identity constructions of former management consultants, control and resistance in the post-exit arena, ambiguity and coherence in narrative identity constructions, contextual variation during career transitions
methods Discourse analysis, narrative analysis
profile area SHSS - Kulturen, Institutionen, Märkte (KIM)
contact Patrizia Hoyer


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On March 17 the United States launched an attack on Mosul that killed civilians. Estimates differ as to the number of people killed with most concluding that as many as 200 died as a result of the attack. Children were among the victims and entire families were destroyed.
Why in face of the outrage at what the Syrians did has there been so little mentioned about the civilians that we killed? Do we differentiate the importance of children's lives based on the way they died?
NPR, describes the horrors visited on one little girl,
Hawra' was thrown through a window. She landed in the neighbors' yard, bleeding and badly burned with shards of glass in her eyes. Her plastic boot had melted into her leg. She still can't open her eyes and will need another operation to be able to see again.
Her mother was killed in the strike.
Trump was outraged at the horror he saw in the video of children being washed down after suffering the effects of sarin gas. We all were outraged and saddened, but why do these children matter more than the ones in Mosul? Why does the international outcry focus on one atrocity and not another?


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Seeing the Elephant
When the first elephant came to Maine, she was a wonder. People had never seen an elephant before. It was the early 1800s, and America was a new country, sorting out its morals. So when she was shot and killed in Alfred, ME, the outrage over her death revealed a lot about our young country.
Nono and the African Gala
The African Gala takes place in Portland, Maine every year. The organizer, Nono Mukwayanzo is a Congolese immigrant and he sees it as a way to promote community and educate others about his culture.
Incomplete: a story in sound
When gods mess with mortals, destined soul mates will become separated in different dimensions in this experimental radio drama.


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Salina South High School730 E Magnolia Rd
Salina, KS 67401
Design Achievement – DLR Group's design for the additions and renovations at Salina South High School responds to the District's goals of creating an engaged learner through flexible and adaptable spaces in a safe and secure environment. The design includes two major classroom wings and an auxiliary gymnasium, along with an improved new main entrance to the high school. The school is organized around two distinct learning environments – one centered on the Humanities and one centered around STEM. CTE courses are dispersed between the two learning environments to reinforce the connection between the core curriculum and the advanced CTE curriculum. Large sliding doors further increase the connection between spaces and create a highly flexible and collaborative environment. The commons and media center link the two learning environments together and become a hub for activity within the school.
Scope Summary - The 275,000 SF high school accommodates 1,477 students in two distinct learning environments centered around Humanities and STEM. The organization within each learning environment reinforces the overall building concepts of flexibility and collaboration. Each learning environment contains CTE courses adjacent to the core curriculum spaces. These CTE courses offer high visibility from the circulation space to showcase and enhance awareness of the rigorous coursework happening within and enhance the learning environment and academic interaction for students. Collaboration space is located centrally in the learning environments connecting to both the learning environments and CTE courses. The student commons connects the existing performing arts and athletic spaces, allowing the commons to be a preand post-function space for public events and activities. DLR Group provided architecture, engineering and interior design services for this project.


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provides training materials to help in the identification process. To learn more about this program and opportunities to volunteer you can send an email to _EMAIL_ or call _PHONE_.
Benefits of Volunteering
All of our program participants are added to an email distribution list to receive periodic informal updates on observations, trends, and detection of toxins along the California coast based on the volunteer monitoring effort. In addition, a more formal monthly report is distributed to everyone once the data has been compiled and validated. The monthly reports contain maps of toxigenic phytoplankton distribution and toxin distribution at all sampling sites. In addition, the monthly reports contain tables listing the program participants that provided samples or field identifications during that month. An annual report is also produced that summarizes the events and sampling effort of the past year.
Of course the real benefits to volunteering are the intangible ones. You will know that your efforts are important to a real-time public health protection program. Phytoplankton sampling and field observations also provide a way to get connected to your local ocean environment. The phytoplankton species composition will change with changing environmental conditions (for example, wind intensity and direction, water temperature), so each sample can bring something new. And you can interact with program biologists to have questions answered or to get advice on sources of additional information on a particular related topic.


Top 10 Ideas in Statistics That Have Powered the AI Revolution
Kim Martineau
July 06, 2021
If you've ever called on Siri or Alexa for help, or generated a self-portrait in the style of a Renaissance painter, you have interacted with deep learning, a form of artificial intelligence that extracts patterns from mountains of data to make predictions. Though deep learning and AI have become household terms, the breakthroughs in statistics that have fueled this revolution are less known. In a recent paper, Andrew Gelman, a statistics professor at Columbia, and Aki Vehtari, a computer science professor at Finland's Aalto University, published a list of the most important statistical ideas in the last 50 years.
Below, Gelman and Vehtari break down the list for those who may have snoozed through Statistics 101. Each idea can be viewed as a stand-in for an entire subfield, they say, with a few caveats: science is incremental; by singling out these works, they do not mean to diminish the importance of similar, related work. They have also chosen to focus on methods in statistics and machine learning, rather than equally important breakthroughs in statistical computing, and computer science and engineering, which have provided the tools and computing power for data analysis and visualization to become everyday practical tools. Finally, they have focused on methods, while recognizing that developments in theory and methods are often motivated by specific applications.
See something important that's missing? Tweet it at _USER_ and Gelman and Vehtari will consider adding it to the list.
The 10 articles and books below all were published in the last 50 years and are listed in chronological order.
1. Hirotugu Akaike (1973). Information Theory and an Extension of the Maximum Likelihood PrincipleProceedings of the Second International Symposium on Information Theory.
This is the paper that introduced the term AIC (originally called An Information Criterion but now known as Akaike Information Criterion), for evaluating a model's fit based on its estimated predictive accuracy. AIC was instantly recognized as a useful tool, and this paper was one of several published in the mid-1970s placing statistical inference within a predictive framework. We now recognize predictive validation as a fundamental principle in statistics and machine learning. Akaike was an applied statistician, who in the 1960s, tried to measure the roughness of airport runways, in the same way that Benoit Mandelbrot's early papers on taxonomy and Pareto distributions led to his later work on the mathematics of fractals.
2. John Tukey (1977). Exploratory Data Analysis.
This book has been hugely influential and is a fun read that can be digested in one sitting. Traditionally, data visualization and exploration were considered low-grade aspects of practical statistics; the glamour was in fitting models, proving theorems, and developing the theoretical properties of statistical procedures under various mathematical assumptions or constraints. Tukey flipped this notion on its head. He wrote about statistical tools not for confirming what we already knew (or thought we knew), and not for rejecting hypotheses that we never, or should never have, believed, but for discovering new and unexpected insights from data. His work motivated advances in network analysis, software, and theoretical perspectives that integrate confirmation, criticism, and discovery.
3. Grace Wahba (1978). Improper Priors, Spline Smoothing and the Problem of Guarding Against Model Errors in RegressionJournal of the Royal Statistical Society.
Spline smoothing is an approach for fitting nonparametric curves. Another of Wahba's papers from this period is called "An automatic French curve," referring to a class of algorithms that can fit arbitrary smooth curves through data without overfitting to noise, or outliers. The idea may seem obvious now, but it was a major step forward in an era when the starting points for curve fitting were polynomials, exponentials, and other fixed forms. In addition to the direct applicability of splines, this paper was important theoretically. It served as a foundation for later work in nonparametric Bayesian inference by unifying ideas of regularization of high-dimensional models.
4. Bradley Efron (1979). Bootstrap Methods: Another Look at the JackknifeAnnals of Statistics.
Bootstrapping is a method for performing statistical inference without assumptions. The data pull themselves up by their bootstraps, as it were. But you can't make inference without assumptions; what made the bootstrap so useful and influential is that the assumptions came implicitly with the computational procedure: the audaciously simple idea of resampling the data. Each time you repeat the statistical procedure performed on the original data. As with many statistical methods of the past 50 years, this one became widely useful because of an explosion in computing power that allowed simulations to replace mathematical analysis.
5. Alan Gelfand and Adrian Smith (1990). Sampling-based Approaches to Calculating Marginal DensitiesJournal of the American Statistical Association.
Another way that fast computing has revolutionized statistics and machine learning is through open-ended Bayesian models. Traditional statistical models are static: fit distribution A to data of type B. But modern statistical modeling has a more Tinkertoy quality that lets you flexibly solve problems as they arise by calling on libraries of distributions and transformations. We just need computational tools to fit these snapped-together models. In their influential paper, Gelfand and Smith did not develop any new tools; they demonstrated how Gibbs sampling could be used to fit a large class of statistical models. In recent decades, the Gibbs sampler has been replaced by Hamiltonian Monte Carlo, particle filtering, variational Bayes, and more elaborate algorithms, but the general principle of modular model-building has remained.
6. Guido Imbens and Joshua Angrist (1994). Identification and Estimation of Local Average Treatment Effects. Econometrica.
Causal inference is central to any problem in which the question isn't just a description (How have things been?) or prediction (What will happen next?), but a counterfactual (If we do X, what would happen to Y?). Causal methods have evolved with the rest of statistics and machine learning through exploration, modeling, and computation. But causal reasoning has the added challenge of asking about data that are impossible to measure (you can't both do X and not-X to the same person). As a result, a key idea in this field is identifying what questions can be reliably answered from a given experiment. Imbens and Angrist are economists who wrote an influential paper on what can be estimated when causal effects vary, and their ideas form the basis for much of the later work on this topic.
7. Robert Tibshirani (1996). Regression Shrinkage and Selection Via the LassoJournal of the Royal Statistical Society.
In regression, or predicting an outcome variable from a set of inputs or features, the challenge lies in including lots of inputs along with their interactions; the resulting estimation problem becomes statistically unstable because of the many different ways of combining these inputs to get reasonable predictions. Classical least squares or maximum likelihood estimates will be noisy and might not perform well on future data, and so various methods have been developed to constrain or "regularize" the fit to gain stability. In this paper, Tibshirani introduced lasso, a computationally efficient and now widely used approach to regularization, which has become a template for data-based regularization in more complicated models.
8. Leland Wilkinson (1999). The Grammar of Graphics.
In this book, Wilkinson, a statistician who's worked on several influential commercial software projects including SPSS and Tableau, lays out a framework for statistical graphics that goes beyond the usual focus on pie charts versus histograms, how to draw a scatterplot, and data ink and chartjunk, to abstractly explore how data and visualizations relate. This work has influenced statistics through many pathways, most notably through ggplot2 and the tidyverse family of packages in the computing language R. It's an important step toward integrating exploratory data and model analysis into data science workflow.
9. Ian Goodfellow, Jean Pouget-Abadie, Mehdi Mirza, Bing Xu, David Warde-Farley, Sherjil Ozair, Aaron Courville, and Yoshua Bengio (2014). Generative Adversarial NetworksProceedings of the International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems.
One of machine learning's stunning achievements in recent years is in real-time decision making through prediction and inference feedbacks. Famous examples include self-driving cars and DeepMind's AlphaGo, which trained itself to become the best Go player on Earth. Generative adversarial networks, or GANs, are a conceptual advance that allow reinforcement learning problems to be solved automatically. They mark a step toward the longstanding goal of artificial general intelligence while also harnessing the power of parallel processing so that a program can train itself by playing millions of games against itself. At a conceptual level, GANs link prediction with generative models.
10. Yoshua Bengio, Yann LeCun, and Geoffrey Hinton (2015). Deep LearningNature.
Deep learning is a class of artificial neural network models that can be used to make flexible nonlinear predictions using a large number of features. Its building blocks—logistic regression, multilevel structure, and Bayesian inference—are hardly new. What makes this line of research so influential is the recognition that these models can be tuned to solve a variety of prediction problems, from consumer behavior to image analysis. As with other developments in statistics and machine


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The Ancient Art of Naalbinding
Ethnic Knitting Style at Norstead Viking Village
Woman knits with one needle carrying on centuries-old tradition.
Woman knits with one needle carrying on centuries-old tradition.
An Ancient Form of Viking Knitting Resurfaces in Modern Times
Twenty-first century crafters have discovered the art of medieval naalbinding, turning to a form of ancient knitting that involved knitting with one needle. Knitters have adapted this method for use in modern times.
How does naalbinding knitting differ from the knitting we know of today? Naalbinders use a spiral knitting technique that connects one row to the next and to the loops on either side. It is a challenging craft, one that is time-consuming and labor-intensive, but modern naalbinders gain a better understanding of crafters that have gone before, and they feel the results are well worth the effort.
What makes naalbinding distinctive is that a person doesn't have to use patterns to produce knitted goods. Each naalbinder develops his or her own particular style and this is expressed in unique, one-of-a-kind creations.
Needle-binding is similar to sewing, darning but because yarn is used, it produces a fabric that looks similar to that which is knitted. Naalbinders use a single-eyed needle and yarn to create a series of loops, which makes every stitch secure and produces a stretchy material. Increases are made by working two stitches into one stitch in the previous row; decreases involve combining two stitches.
Short lengths of yarn are used because the yarn is pulled all the way through each stitch. Yarn is added as a piece progresses. Colored yarns are also woven into the work.
Sturdy Mittens Made With Naalbinding
Sturdy Naalbinded Mittens--a hardy people learned how to make knitted items to ward off the cold.
Discoveries of Ancient Knitting
Naalbinded items have been found in different parts of the world, some fragments dating back to the neolithic period. Items have been discovered in Iceland, Finland and Poland, to name a few.
Naalbinding continued in Scandinavia and the mountain areas of Central Asia, probably due, in part, to climate.
While, In other locations, knitting largely replaced naalbinding, the craft still survived over the centuries in certain areas and thus, has come down to us from antiquity and gives us insights as to how warm and sturdy garments were made in the past.
Roman Socks
An ancient method of knitting produced dense socks.
An ancient method of knitting produced dense socks.
Quick Look
Literally translated as "needle binding" or "binding with a needle," naalbinding is a time-honored method of creating fabric that is considered to be older than crocheting or knitting. The process was based on:
 - Use of one needle rather than two
 - Needles were flat and fashioned from materials at hand, such as moose or antler wood
 - The entire length of a short yarn strand was used create each loop or loops
 - Because of short lengths of yarn, different yarn colors could easily be added, which, of course, made for interesting-looking garments.
 - A loop was created and the needle was passed through the loop
 - A chain of loops were created
Naalbinding and the Vikings
Talented knitters in Norse settlements employed naalbinding to fashion clothing items to ward off winter's chill.
This ancient knitting method required many hours of labor, using a bone needle and wool to construct almost indestructible warm garments, such as knitted socks, leggings, mittens, gloves, hats and scarves, and other necessary clothing items. In a sense, naalbinded garments were survival gear, which equipped these hardy and hard-working people to protect themselves against the elements.
Norse naalbinding ranged from simple stitches to very complicated techniques. It is believed that over one thousand variations of naalbinding are possible.
On the Northern Tip of Newfoundland, Naalbinding is Alive and Well
A visit to L'anse Aux Meadows up in St. Anthony, Newfoundland, offers knitters a way to step back in a time. Knitters can tour Norstead, the Viking village, and chat with women dressed in traditional garb, seated 'round a fire and knitting with one needle. A shop on the site offers an assortment of naalbinded items, such as warm socks, mittens, hats and scarves, a delight for visitors who want to purchase naalbinded items.
Norstead--Viking Village in Newfoundland
Getting to Norstead Viking Village
Naalbinding Was Done Using Materials at Hand
Image: Needle and Sample of Naalbinding Knitting
Image: Needle and Sample of Naalbinding Knitting
Materials Ancient People Used to Naalbind
When winter winds were howling, ancient people passed the dark winter months creating many useful and usable items for their families.
 - Needles were flat and carved out of antler, wood, or bone.
 - Wool was particularly well-suited for one-needle knitting because of how it felted.
Table With Naalbinded Items
Everyday items to make life more comfortable for the Norsemen.
Everyday items to make life more comfortable for the Norsemen.
A Look at Naalbinding: Knitting With One Needle
Stitches Used in Naalbinding
Different stitches are used in Naalbinding, some relatively easier and more common and others more complex.
Pattern codes describe the action needed: "go over or under" and how many times, thus someone reading directions might see codes like: O/UO, UO/UOO, and any number of variations.
Different variations of naalbinding are used to yield different degrees of both elasticity and thickness when creating fabric.
If you want to learn naalbinging, attending a class can be a real boon, but if there are no classes in your area, a good instructional book can guide you.
Oslo Stitch
How do Naalbinded Stitches Differ From Knit Stitches?
In a row of knitting, each stitch or loop is connected to stitches above or below it. In naalbinding, each loop is connected to at least one loop on either side.
In the basic technique, a loop is formed and the needle and yarn are passed through the loop, but not all the way. The yarn forms a new loop. The needle is then passed through the new loop and thus a chain is formed.
At the end of a row, the work is turned, and each stitch is now passed through its partner but also in a loop from the previous row. This makes for sturdy fabric.
As with knitting, the work may also be performed "in the round," depending on what item is being created.
York Stitch
Naalbinding in Modern Times
In modern times, the art of naalbinding has enjoyed a revival as interest has grown in this ethnic knitting style. This method has been turned to as a valuable resource for crafters who desire to master different knitting techniques to produce naalbinded items for their own use and/or for cottage industries.
Ribbing and More
Resources For Modern Naalbinders...
 - Classes in naalbinding offer instruction in different single-needle stitches
 - Knitters learn from experienced naalbinders who share their techniques
 - Naalbinding pamphlets and booklets teach basic stitches
 - Online sites discuss naalbinding techniques and offer naalbinding instructions
Rediscovering an Ancient Crafting Method
Certainly, the past steps on the heels of the present as knitters master a style of knitting that once spelled survival for our hardy forebears who produced many useful and warm items using natural materials they had on hand, and thus were well-equipped to brave challenging temperatures on land and at sea.
Ethnic Crafting
© 2013 Athlyn Green
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