text:
Liam Hallam is a Sports Science graduate and competitive cyclist who loves to travel to Europe in search of great riding.
NAMSET: A Logical Approach to Teaching Resistance Exercise
Beginners to resistance training are often unfamiliar with resistance exercise machines and free weights. This is a basic method that gives the instructor the ability to provide a consistent and logical introduction to resistance exercises. It also allows the trainee to more easily understand an exercise's purpose and technique.
NAMSIT is used by some training courses in place of NAMSET, but the two are essentially the same. I recommend using whichever acronym makes the most sense for you or whichever one your course uses. The acronym is defined as follows:
N = Name of the exercise
- The instructor tells the client the name of the machine or free weight exercise.
- Example: "This exercise is called the back squat."
A = Area of the body worked
- The instructor then points out the area(s) of the body that the exercise will work.
- Example: "The squat mainly uses the legs and hips but also engages the core and back for stability."
M = Muscles used
- The instructor provides more detail and explains which muscles will be used and points them out to a client.
- Example: "The squat mainly utilizes the quadriceps, hamstrings, glutes, erector spinae, and abdominal muscles."
S = Silent demonstration
- The instructor now demonstrates the exercise silently so that the client can see how the exercise is done.
E or I = Explanation or instruction of the exercise
- The instructor then explains key aspects of the exercise.
- Example: "Stand upright with a neutral spine and with feet shoulder-width apart. Bend at the hips first and then at the knees, as if you are sitting down on a chair, until your thighs are parallel to the floor. Then, return to the starting position."
T = Teaching of the exercise
- The instructor now guides the client through the exercise as they attempt it themselves.
- See the video below for an example of this complete method.
This approach forms part of the CYQ (Central YMCA Qualifications) gym instructor Level 2 qualification.
This approach can be used no matter what resistance machine or free weight exercise is being used. The emphasis should always be on good form and technique.
The highly visual nature of the demonstration provides a large amount of information for the client to take in. This should be supplemented with small amounts of verbal instruction.
The instructor should always ensure the correct exercise intensity is maintained for the client's fitness level.
Good look with your CYQ or any other qualification you may be studying for.
Has this article helped you? Please feel free to leave a comment below!
This content is accurate and true to the best of the author's knowledge and is not meant to substitute for formal and individualized advice from a qualified professional.
Worraphark from Thailand on June 11, 2016:
thank for this hub. I like it very much.


Teachers gift card
teachers gift card photo - 1
Gift which are happy – teachers gift card! Gift cards are simple and convenient.
What are the advantages of gift cards as a gift?
2. It can be difficult to choose a gift.
There is a way out – you need to give a teachers gift card! A person will choose what he needs taking into account the color, size, shape or even smell.
A gift card is the perfect gift!
How is the teachers gift card activated?
There is always a limit on the teachers gift card. Up to the date of activation or the first purchase card is not active. Write-off takes place after activation. The card will continue to work until the funds on the card run out.
How long can I use the teachers gift card?
How do I check my teachers gift card balance?
1. Make sure you have a unique teachers gift card number. As a rule, it is indicated on the front side.
What should I do if my gift card is damaged?
If your teachers gift card is damaged or you are unable to make purchases, we recommend contacting customer service or contacting the store for assistance.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I am creating a search using MySQL & PHP on an existing table structure.
Multiple search keywords can be entered and the user can opt to either match ALL or ANY. The any form is not too difficult, but i am breaking my head on writing an efficient solution for the AND form.
The following is about the AND form, so all the search keywords must be found.
The 2 tables i have to work with (search in) have a structure as follows:
Table1 - item_id (non-unique) - text
Table2 - item_id (unique) - text_a - text_b - text_c
(The real solution will also have a 3rd table, but that is structure the same way as Table1. Table2 will have around 20 searchable columns)
Table1 can have multiple rows for each item_id with different text.
Consider having only 2 search keywords (can be more in real live), then both must exist in: - both in a single row/column or: - in 2 different columns of maybe different tables. or: - in 2 different rows with the same item_id (in case of both keywords found in different rows of Table1)
All i could come up with are very intensive sub-queries but that would bring the server down or the response times would be huge.
As i am using PHP i could use intermediate queries and store the results for use in a later final query.
Anyone some good suggestions?
Edit: There where requests for real examples, so here it goes.
Consider the following 2 tables with data:
Table 1
| item_id | t1_text_a | t1_text_b | t1_text_c | t1_text_d |
| 1 | aaa bbb | NULL | ccc | ddd |
| 2 | aaa ccc | ddd | fff | ggg |
| 3 | bbb | NULL | NULL | NULL |
| item_id | sequence | t2_text |
| 1 | 1 | kkk lll |
| 2 | 1 | kkk |
| 2 | 2 | lll |
| 3 | 1 | mmm |
PS In the real database (which i can not change, so full text indexes or changes to table definition are not an option) Table1 has about 20 searchable columns and there are 2 tables like Table2. This should not make a difference to the solution, although it is something to consider from a performance perspective.
Example searches:
Keywords: aaa bbb
Should return:
- item_id=1. Both keywords are found in column t1_text_a.
Keywords: ccc ddd
Should return:
- item_id=1. "ccc" is found in t1_text_c, "ddd" is found in t1_text_d.
- item_id=2. "ccc" is found in t1_text_a, "ddd" is found in t1_text_b.
Keywords: kkk lll
Should return:
- item_id=1. Both keywords found in a single row of Table2 in column t2_text.
- item_id=2. Both keywords found in Table2, but in separate rows with the same item_id.
Keywords: bbb mmm
Should return:
- item_id=3. "bbb" is found in table1.t1_text_a, "mmm" is found in table2.t2_text.
My progress so far
I actually, for now, gave up on trying to catch this in mostly SQL.
What i did do is to create a query for each table retrieving any row that matches at least 1 of the search keywords. If there is only 1 search keyword the query uses a LIKE, otherwise a REGEXP 'keyword1|keyword2'.
These rows are put in a PHP array with the item_id as the index, and a concatenation of all the strings (searchable columns) as value. When finished retrieving all possible rows, i search the array for rows that match all keywords in the concatenated field.
Most likely not the best solution and it will not scale very well if the search will return many candidate rows with at least 1 match.
share|improve this question
Don't be shy... show what you've tried – Tom H. Oct 19 '11 at 15:58
Nobody got an idea? – Marco Oct 24 '11 at 4:22
add comment
1 Answer
It's hard to provide you with a finite answer since you do not give a lot of details about your case. But maybe this can give you a starting point:
SELECT * FROM table1 AS tbl1
INNER JOIN table2 AS tbl2
tbl1.text LIKE %search_word1%
AND tbl1.text LIKE %search_word2%
AND tbl2.text_a LIKE %search_word1%
AND tbl2.text_a LIKE %search_word2%
AND tbl2.text_b LIKE %search_word1%
AND tbl2.text_b LIKE %search_word2%
AND tbl2.text_c LIKE %search_word1%
AND tbl2.text_c LIKE %search_word2%
You can adapt with JOIN, INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN and the different LIKE and AND/OR statements to obtain the result you're looking for. Google some join examples with LIKE statements for more details.
But as Tom H. said, it'd be better if you could post a more precise table structure and a real exemple of search terms...
share|improve this answer
Thanks for trying to answer my question, but this doesn't work. If it was only this simple... Your query will only return rows where all search keywords are found in all columns. The search should return values where all keywords are found in any column or row. I thought that my original post contained enough information, but will try to create a real example test case and update the question. – Marco Oct 20 '11 at 2:52
First post updated with better examples. – Marco Oct 20 '11 at 3:49
add comment
Your Answer


text:
In the FBI's Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program, violent crime is composed of four offenses: murder and nonnegligent manslaughter, forcible rape, robbery, and aggravated assault. Violent crimes are defined in the UCR Program as those offenses which involve force or threat of force.
The data presented in Crime in the United States reflect the Hierarchy Rule, which requires that only the most serious offense in a multiple-offense criminal incident be counted. The descending order of UCR violent crimes are murder and nonnegligent manslaughter, forcible rape, robbery, and aggravated assault, followed by the property crimes of burglary, larceny-theft, and motor vehicle theft. Although arson is also a property crime, the Hierarchy Rule does not apply to the offense of arson. In cases in which an arson occurs in conjunction with another violent or property crime, both crimes are reported, the arson and the additional crime.
- In 2010, an estimated 1,246,248 violent crimes occurred nationwide, a decrease of 6.0 percent from the 2009 estimate.
- When considering 5- and 10-year trends, the 2010 estimated violent crime total was 13.2 percent below the 2006 level and 13.4 percent below the 2001 level.
- There were an estimated 403.6 violent crimes per 100,000 inhabitants in 2010.
- Aggravated assaults accounted for the highest number of violent crimes reported to law enforcement at 62.5 percent. Robbery comprised 29.5 percent of violent crimes, forcible rape accounted for 6.8 percent, and murder accounted for 1.2 percent of estimated violent crimes in 2010.
- Information collected regarding type of weapon showed that firearms were used in 67.5 percent of the Nation's murders, 41.4 percent of robberies, and 20.6 percent of aggravated assaults. (Weapons data are not collected for forcible rape.) (See,, and the.)

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Paper Structure Exercise
When students are in the revision stage of their paper, Jerusha Achterberg uses fruits to teach students how to structure their papers so that the organization coordinates with the thesis. The idea behind this activity is to break the 5 paragraph mold students bring from high school. Particularly, Jerusha wants the students to start thinking about structure in a nuanced way and realize that it's something that they control and can choose.
She brings in a group of fruits, which represent a group of possible ideas. The students have to generate different ways of organizing the fruits, whether by color, how much they like them etc. Then she'll have a couple students come up and group the fruits, and the rest of the class will have to guess "the thesis."
Jerusha will encourage them to think critically about whether the grouping and the thesis match. In other words, she might ask something like "If the grouping is by color, but the thesis has to do with which fruits the student likes, does the structure support the thesis?"
Some of the important points of this activity are that different theses lend themselves to different structure, things can be excluded from an essay, and theses can be complicated and do not have to be dichotomous.
The corresponding handout is attached.
2-4_ideas_and_structure.pdf112.19 KB


FBI Fails to Pay Phone Bills on Critical Surveillance
By failing to pay its phone bills on time, the FBI had the line cut on a wiretap in a national security investigation ordered by the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, and missed other opportunities to collect key surveillance, according to a government report released Thursday.
"Telecommunications carriers actually disconnected phone lines established to deliver surveillance results to the FBI, resulting in lost evidence, including an instance where delivery of intercept information, required by a Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act order, was halted, due to untimely payment," Justice Department Inspector General Glenn Fine noted in the report.
The review, which looked at how the FBI uses confidential funds to support its covert and undercover activity, found several problems and challenges in how the bureau tracks and monitors these funds, which hide the bureau's identity from criminals, vendors and public disclosure.
According to the report, the FBI receives invoices from telecommunication carriers for surveillance connections and renewal costs each month.
"As part of our audit, we analyzed 990 telecommunication surveillance payments made by five field divisions, and found that over half of these payments were not made on time," a summary of the report noted.
The costs of maintaining crucial intercepts pile up, according to the report, which noted, "Lacking such [FBI] headquarters-issued procedures, FBI field divisions have instituted separate, ad hoc tracking mechanisms, which had mixed results in paying bills on time.
"For example, a primary carrier sent a list to one of the field divisions we tested, detailing $66,000 in unpaid telecommunication costs resulting from surveillance activity."
FBI Assistant Director John Miller acknowledged that the bureau's financial management system, which dates back to the 1980s, is not sufficient.
"The FBI will not tolerate financial mismanagement, or worse, and is addressing the issues identified in the audit," he said, in a statement released today.
"Every effort is being made to either implement the recommendations, or otherwise put in place corrective actions to ensure appropriate oversight," Miller's statement continued.
However, he downplayed the effect the failure to pay phone bills has had on FBI operations.
"While in a few instances, late payment of telephone bills resulted in interruptions of monitoring, these interruptions were temporary, and in our assessment, none of those cases were significantly affected," the statement said.
The report also mentioned that the loose accounting of the confidential funds allowed a telecommunication specialist to steal more than $25,000 from an FBI field office. The employee pleaded guilty to the theft in June 2006.
"The investigation showed that the employee took advantage of weak controls over field division confidential funds, to convert FBI moneys for her own use," the report noted.
The FBI has determined that most of the 87-page audit was too sensitive for release.


text:
The Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms (blas) define a set of fundamental operations on vectors and matrices which can be used to create optimized higher-level linear algebra functionality.
The library provides a low-level layer which corresponds directly to the C-language blas standard, referred to here as "cblas", and a higher-level interface for operations on GSL vectors and matrices. Users who are interested in simple operations on GSL vector and matrix objects should use the high-level layer described in this chapter. The functions are declared in the file gsl_blas.h and should satisfy the needs of most users.
Note that GSL matrices are implemented using dense-storage so the interface only includes the corresponding dense-storage blas functions. The full blas functionality for band-format and packed-format matrices is available through the low-level cblas interface. Similarly, GSL vectors are restricted to positive strides, whereas the low-level cblas interface supports negative strides as specified in the blas standard.1
The interface for the
gsl_cblas layer is specified in the file
gsl_cblas.h. This interface corresponds to the blas Technical
Forum's standard for the C interface to legacy blas
implementations. Users who have access to other conforming cblas
implementations can use these in place of the version provided by the
library. Note that users who have only a Fortran blas library can
use a cblas conformant wrapper to convert it into a cblas
library. A reference cblas wrapper for legacy Fortran
implementations exists as part of the cblas standard and can
be obtained from Netlib. The complete set of cblas functions is
listed in an appendix (see GSL CBLAS Library).
There are three levels of blas operations,
Each routine has a name which specifies the operation, the type of matrices involved and their precisions. Some of the most common operations and their names are given below,
The types of matrices are,
Each operation is defined for four precisions,
Thus, for example, the name sgemm stands for "single-precision general matrix-matrix multiply" and zgemm stands for "double-precision complex matrix-matrix multiply".
Note that the vector and matrix arguments to BLAS functions must not be aliased, as the results are undefined when the underlying arrays overlap (see Aliasing of arrays).
 In the low-level cblas interface, a negative stride accesses the vector elements in reverse order, i.e. the i-th element is given by (N-i)*|incx| for incx < 0.


_USER_ {export:117737, abstract = {
Cell phones connected to high-speed 3G networks constitute an increasingly important class of clients on the Internet. From the viewpoint of the servers they connect to, such devices are virtually indistinguishable from conventional end-hosts. In this study, we examine the IP addresses seen by Internet servers for cell phone clients and make two observations. First, individual cell phones can expose different IP addresses to servers within time spans of a few minutes, rendering IP-based user identification and blocking inadequate. Second, cell phone IP addresses do not embed geographical information at reasonable fidelity, reducing the effectiveness of commercial geolocation tools used by websites for fraud detection, server selection and content customization. In addition to these two observations, we show that application-level latencies between cell phones and Internet servers can differ greatly depending on the location of the cell phone, but do not vary much at a given location over short time spans; as a result, they provide fine-grained location information that IPs do not.
}, author = {Mahesh Balakrishnan and Iqbal Mohomed and Venugopalan Ramasubramanian}, booktitle = {IMC 2009: Internet Measurement Conference}, month = {November}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery, Inc.}, title = {Where's that Phone?: Geolocating IP Addresses on 3G Networks}, url = {_URL_ year = {2009}, }


text:
Most of us avoid modifying or hacking our devices due to fear of bricking them. Also once a device is bricked, which usually occurs due to a hardware of a software hack or mod, it goes out of warranty and service centers will charge or in some cases refuse to repair the device. Here are a few tips on how to avoid bricking your device and how to try and jump start them once them are bricked.
What is a Bricked device?
A Bricked device is nothing but an expensive mobile device that can now only be used as a brick or a paper weight. Once bricked, the device will not power on or boot.
Mobile devices brick due to serious misconfiguration, corrupted firmwares or unauthorized hardware modifications. Devices can also be bricked when their firmware and other low-level system software are re/overwritten.
How can you avoid Bricking?
- Do not try a hack or a jailbreak or any other ROM modifications without the correct know how.
- Do not tweak advance feature sets without knowing what you are doing.
- In case you are confident and want to go ahead with a hack or mod, always follow instructions from a reliable source, word by word (mostly for first timers).
- Always have a fully charged (or at least 75%) charged battery before you attempt any hacks or mods.
- Never ignore the "Do not power the device off" message.
- Always backup ROMs and data before trying anything.
- Always go through forums and websites to see the possibility of a brick for your particular device.
What to do if you Brick?
If your device is new, under warranty and without any warranty voiding modification, contact the manufacturer to have your device fixed or restored.
Notes for iOS devices
- First try and get the phone into the device firmware update (DFU) mode. iOS devices include the "DFU Mode" for recovering from a potentially bricked state.
- To get your device into DFU mode, is the process of getting your iOS device to link with iTunes without iTunes automatically restoring or recovering to the current version of iOS onto it. For jailbroken devices it skips the iBoot bootloader.
Steps to get your iOS device into DFU mode
- Connect your iOS to iTunes via USB.
- Switch off your iOS device. To do this press the power or sleep button at the top of your device, then slide your finger across the "slide to power off" button on your iPhone's screen.
- Once your device is switched off, hold down both the power/sleep button along with the home button for 10 seconds.
- After 10 seconds, release the power/sleep button while continuing to hold the home button until a message has appeared in iTunes telling you your device has been detected in recovery mode.
- There are some applications for Windows and Mac, that guide you step by step to get your device into DFU mode.
- After following the above step, if the device shows an itunes logo with a connector, you are in recovery mode and nor DFU mode. Repeat the steps again until you get into DFU mode.
- For getting into recovery mode you can follow the steps given in the apple support forum here.
Notes for Android device
- If the device goes into the recovery mode without loading the OS, there would've been a problem with installing the ROM previously. You can solve this by reinstalling the ROM. Always remember to Wipe Dalvik Cache, Wipe Cache Partition and Wipe Data/Factory Reset before a fresh ROM install.
- If the ROM or install is not working it might also be due to a corrupted SD card. Try reformatting the card externally using a computer to FAT32 format and copy the files into the SD card and try reinstalling from the newly formatted card again.
- To get the device into recovery mode do a Google search for your particular device, as each device has a different set of key combinations to get into recovery mode.
Myths about bricking
- An Android device stuck in a boot loop is not a bricked device, there is still hope. All you might need to do is Wipe Dalvik Cache, Wipe Cache Partition and Wipe Data/Factory Reset before a reinstalling the ROM again.
- An amateur/botchy jail-breaking procedure may not have bricked your iOS device. A DFU mode recovery might be all you need to recover your device.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Megabee is one of the Medabots of Samantha. It was used during combat against Coop in his Megas. It eventually was destroyed by the Megas.
- Origin: Medabots/Jollibee
- Affilation: DSC,Mandark,Samantha
- Gender: Unknown
- Status: Destroyed
- The Megabee's name is similair to the name of the main medabot of Medabots who is called Metabee.
- The design given to Megabee is identical to the mascot of a popular filipino restaurant, Jollibee


text:
Optimization in the Sparse Tensor Algebra Compiler
The Sparse Tensor Algebra Compiler (taco) is the first to automatically generate code for any tensor algebra expression on many sparse tensor data structures. This frees the programmer from choosing between hand-optimized libraries that support only a some operations on some data structures and general tensor compute engines with poor performance. In this talk, I will present recent work on a new intermediate representation and program transformations to optimize the generated sparse tensor code. I will show how these transformations generalize common optimizations for specific cases, such as the sparse accumulator in sparse matrix multiplication, can lead to asymptotically better performance for some expressions, and can transform code to fit execution patterns required by different hardware architectures. The performance of the resulting sparse code is comparable to hand-optimized libraries, but generalize to many more expressions and data structures.
The sparse tensor algebra compiler is available under the MIT license. The source code and related publications can be found at _URL_.
Fredrik Kjolstad is a PhD candidate at MIT and will join Stanford as an Assistant Professor in March 2020. He works on topics in compilers, programming languages, and performance engineering. His projects include the Sparse Tensor Algebra Compiler (taco) and the Simit language for physical simulation. He received his master degree from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and his bachelor degree from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Gjøvik. He has received the Eureka and Rosing prizes for his bachelor project, the Adobe Fellowship, a best poster award, and two best paper awards.


text:
Science, Life Science
Grade 3- 5
Students will plant a small garden of birdseed on a sponge.
Label the pie pans with a number which is assigned to each group of students. Hot-glue one sponge to each pie pan to keep it in place. Add enough water to soak the sponge and leave a thin covering of water on the bottom of the pan.
- Have students get into their groups. Distribute a magnifier to each student and a sample of birdseed. Let them examine the birdseed and describe what they see. Tell them that these seeds are too small to open up to see if each has a baby plant inside it. Ask them to think of a way to find out if there is a baby plant inside. Tell them that one way is to plant them in a small garden where they can be observed.
- Provide each group with a pie pan, sponge, and about a tablespoon of birdseed. Let the students sprinkle their birdseed over the top of the sponge. Tell them they have just planted a small garden. Explain that these will be collected and placed on a table but will be returned to each group daily during the time they measure their lima bean and pinto bean plants. Explain that they will keep a daily record of changes they see in their gardens.
- Distribute a copy of page 16 to each student to begin the recording of the sponge garden.
Record the growth of the seeds.
Discuss what the students have learned thus far.
Soak an avocado seed to soften it and split it open so the students can see the small seedling inside. Grow an avocado seed for students to observe. It takes several months for the seedling to appear. Use a one-pint (.5 L) water bottle cut to half its height. Push two toothpicks or T-pins into opposite sides of the seed about halfway between the ends. Cut two slits on opposite sides of the bottle and put the toothpicks in the slits. The seed should be suspended so the stem end is below water level. Replace the water as it evaporates.
- untreated birdseed
- untreated sponges (one per group)
- aluminum pie pan (one per group)
- Birdseed Growth Data Sheet (page 16)
- magnifier for each student
- hot-glue gun


text:
light in space
1. According to the books, the speed of light in a vacuum
is 300,000 km per second. If you send out a sudden pulse
of light in space, does it have to accelerate to that speed?
2. If you could make a _very_ long tube in space, with
a mirror at both ends (perfect mirrors, and perhaps long
enough to reach from earth to Venus), could you open one end,
shine a bright light in for a few seconds, then slide the
mirror back in place, trapping the beam of light in there?
Would the light beam keep bouncing back and forth?
1. No, light starts out at the speed of light - it does not
have to accelerate. What does happen is that the amplitude
(of the electric and magnetic fields) gradually increases
so that at the start of the pulse the amplitude is small,
it then rises to a peak, and then falls back down to
2. Yes, you sure could do that. In fact, that is essentially
the way some experiments on fiber optics work (and somewhat
related to the way lasers work). Apparently a recent
experiment by some Japanese researchers has sent light
pulses round and round a fiber optic cable for some
180 million miles - that is getting into astronomical
distances right here on earth!
But why does not light "have to accelerate"? In truth it does,
but the acceleration to light speed is instantaneous. That is because light
is made up of massless photons. The force that creates the photons
gives them infinite acceleration, so they reach the speed of light
Click here to return to the Physics Archives
Update: June 2012


text:
Setun (Russian: Се́тунь) was a balanced ternary computer developed in 1958 at Moscow State University. The device was built under the lead of Sergei Sobolev and Nikolay Brusentsov. It was the only modern ternary computer, using three-valued ternary logic instead of two-valued binary logic prevalent in computers before and after Setun's conception. The computer was built to fulfill the needs of the Moscow State University and was manufactured at the Kazan Mathematical plant. Fifty computers were built and production was then halted in 1965. In the period between 1965 and 1970, a regular binary computer was then used at Moscow State University to replace it. Although this replacement binary computer performed equally well, it was 2.5 times the cost of the Setun. In 1970, a new ternary computer, the Setun-70, was designed. The computer was named after the Setun River, which ends near Moscow University.
DSSP (Dialog System for Structured Programming) is a programming language designed for Setun. It was created by students in the laboratory of Nikolay Brusentsov at the Computer Science department of the Moscow State University in 1980. The 32-bit version was created in 1989.
DSSP is similar to the Forth programming language; both are examples of stack-based languages. It may be seen as an early fork from Forth, yet with roots extending to the ternary logic computers like Setun.
Relying on the principle of "one word of text - one word of machine code", DSSP stays very close to the actual machine in structure. It uses Reverse Polish Notation, which is a stack-oriented form of calculating.
The first document in English regarding this obscure language distinguishes DSSP from Forth in the following manner: "DSSP was not invented. It was found. That is why DSSP has not versions, but only extensions. Forth is created by practice. DSSP is created by theory. It is not a word."
See also
- Klimenko, Stanislav V.: Computer science in Russia: A personal view. IEEE Annals of the history of computing, v 21, n 3, 1999
- Malinovski, B. N.: Istorija vychislitel'noj tekhniki v licakh. Kiev, 1995, (in Russian)
- Žogolev, Y. A.: The order code and an interpretative system for the Setun computer. USSR Comp. Math. And Math. Physics (3), 1962, Oxford, Pergamon Press, p 563-578 (in English)
- G. Trogemann, A. Y. Nitussov, W. Ernst (Hg.), Computing in Russia: The History of Computer Devices and Information Technology revealed. Vieweg Verlag, July 2001 (in English)
- Hunger, Francis: SETUN. An Inquiry into the Soviet Ternary Computer. Institut für Buchkunst Leipzig, 2008, ISBN 3-932865-48-0 (Englisch, German)
- Development of ternary computers at Moscow State University
- Nikolai Brusentsov's Setun entry
- Pioneers of Soviet Computing
- Serija EBM Setun (in Russian)
- Сайт материалов по троичной информатике(in Russian)
- Online simulation of Setun ternary computer
|This computer hardware article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.|


text:
The Softools platform has some features and functionality which helps the administrators of a site be compliant with some of the GDPR regulations around processing and controlling of personal data.
The article linked to below allows a site administrator to specify a sign up message which ALL users have to accept before using the platform. Upon sign up, the User profile of that user stores a record of exactly when the messages was accepted, and what the content of the messages was at the time (as the message may change).
Personal Identifiable Information
Change Log (Activity Stream) User Profile data
All changes to record data are recorded in the activity stream, which stores for reference the user (first and last name) who made the change and the new value of the field which was changed.
Under GDPR legislation, a user may request that their name is removed from this history if they leave the company.
Simply altering a retired User's last name can aid with this:
When the user profile is changed so that the first name and last name changes, those new details are shown in the history (activity stream). These changes are never lost, as a record of changes to data is always kept as an audit. So an example of the activity stream data (accessed through the history menu option) within a record, shows the following:
After changing my user profile last name from "Theobald" to "Anonymous", the history screen now shows:
Note: The 'Activity' information will reflect the changes with immediate effect, however a log out and in is required for 'Created By' and 'Modified By' to also reflect these changes.


text:
The video begins at 1:32.
Topic: Four Types of Cyclists: What do we know and how can it help?
Labeling or categorizing cyclists has been occurring for over a century for a variety of purposes. Dr. Dill's research aimed to examine a typology developed by the City of Portland that includes four categories: Strong and the Fearless, Enthused and Confident, Interested but Concerned, and No Way No How. Unlike several other typologies, this widely referenced typology is intended to apply to all adults, regardless of their current cycling behavior. This seminar will present her findings, focusing on differences between the four types and a better understanding the market for increasing cycling for transportation.


text:
The aye aye is the only surviving member of the family Daubentoniidae - 1 of 5 families of lemuriform primates that are found only on the island of Madagascar.
Early naturalists found the aye aye difficult to place taxonomically due to its bewildering combination of morphological characteristics, and it was variously classified as a squirrel, rodent or primate.
A detailed anatomical investigation by Richard Owen secured their status as primates - he later became the first Director of the Natural History Museum.
Subfossils of a giant form of extinct aye aye, Daubentonia robusta, are found at sites in the south and southwest of Madagascar.
The extinct species weighed 2 to 5 times as much as the living aye aye and may have been driven to extinction as a result of human actions.


text:
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors Affecting Job Satisfaction: A Comparative Study of Public and Private Primary School Teachers
Keywords:Job satisfaction, Intrinsic and extrinsic factors, Private school, Public school, Primary teachers
There are several intrinsic and extrinsic factors that affect the level of job satisfaction of school teachers. This study aimed to comparatively identify intrinsic and extrinsic factors of job satisfaction among public and private primary school teachers in Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. This cross-sectional study was conducted using the quantitative method, in which all public and private primary school teachers in Multan made up the total population of the study. Out of the total population size of 6330, a sample of 400 teachers was drawn through proportionate sampling techniques. A representative proportion of the sample was taken in accordance with the size of the population of each stratum, i.e., public and private, male and female. With respect to the category of school, 144 respondents were taken from private schools, and the rest (256) from public primary schools. Out of 400 respondents, 205 were female and 195 were male. Primary data was collected using a self-developed questionnaire that was built on a 5-point Likert scale with a total of 12 scales with 64 items. The overall study hypothesized that intrinsic factors such as respect, recognition, job quality, and personal growth (M = 3.04, SD = 1.0541) and extrinsic factors such as pay, promotion, management, coworkers' behavior, training, and job security (M = 3.03, SD = 1.0437) were equally influential on teachers' job satisfaction. Moreover, there was a significant difference in the level of job satisfaction between public and private school teachers (p =.001 <.05), indicating that private teachers were less satisfied with their jobs compared to public teachers.
How to Cite
Copyright (c) 2023 Tauqeer Abdullah, Muhammad Ibrahim Khan, Syed Muhammad Uzair Shah, Shakir Ullah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.


179Hf Isotope Applications:
Hafnium-179 isotope (Hf-179 isotope, 179Hf isotope)
 - 179Hf isotope is used for research in nuclear physics;
179Hf isotope is available to order from BuyIsotope.com in 179Hf oxide (HfO2) chemical form. Please contact us via request a 179Hf quote BuyIsotope.com to order 179Hf isotope, to get 179Hf price and to buy 179Hf isotope.
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179Hf Safety Data Sheet (SDS) in oxide form - Download pdf file
Download 179Hf SDS in oxide form
Properties of 179Hf Isotope:
Properties of 179Hf Isotope:179Hf
Natural Abundance (%)13.62
Atomic Mass (Da)178._PHONE_
Relative Isotopic Mass178._PHONE_
Neutron Number (N)107
Atomic Number (Z)72
Mass Number (A)179
Nucleon Number (A)179
Proton Number (Z)72
Quadrupole Moment3.79
g-factor (g value)-0.1424
Electron Configuration Blockd
Melting Point (K)2506
Boiling Point (K)4876
Specific Heat0.146
Heat of Formation618.4
Thermal Conductivity23
Dipole Polarizability 103
Electron Affinity (kJ/mole)0.178
Electronegativity (Pauling scale)1.3
Atomic Radius (pm)159
Covalent Radius (pm)155
VDW Radius (pm)253
Lattice Constant3.2
Crystal StructureHCP
Jmol color#4dc2ff
179Hf Information
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FAQ about 179Hf Isotope:
What is 179Hf isotope natural abundance?
Answer: 13.620 %
What is atomic mass for 179Hf isotope?
Answer: 178.94582 Da
What is isotopic mass for 179Hf isotope?
Answer: 178.94582
How many neutrons does 179Hf isotope have?
Answer: 107
How many protons does 179Hf isotope have?
Answer: 72
How many electrons does 179Hf isotope have?
Answer: 72
What is atomic number for 179Hf isotope?
Answer: 72
Is 179Hf isotope stable?
Answer: Yes
Is 179Hf isotope radioactive?
Answer: No
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text: There are union concerns that non-union forms of employee representation such as work councils may open up a second channel of communication between employees and management that would weaken union workplace representation. During World War II and the immediate post-war period, Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) in Australia followed its British parent firm's practice of introducing works councils. It established its first works council at its Yarraville Factory in Melbourne in 1942. By 1959 there were works councils at 12 Australian factories, each with an equal number of management nominees, and representatives elected by employees. Although they could not deal with matters covered by agreements with unions, they could deal with issues such as accident prevention, factory efficiency and timekeeping. This article analyses the impact of these works councils on labour relations, particularly trade union representation, and the demise of the works councils.


A new fitness diagnosis of hot Jupiters
Title: Advection of potential temperature in the atmosphere of irradiated exoplanets: a robust mechanism to explain radius inflation
Authors: P. Tremblin, G. Chabrier, N. J. Mayne, D. S. Amundsen, I. Baraffe, F. Debras, B. Drummond, J. Manners, S. Fromang
First Author's Institutions: Maison de la Simulation, CEA-CNRS-UPS-UVSQ, USR 3441, CEA Paris-Saclay
Status: Accepted in ApJ [open access]
In the field of exoplanets, hot Jupiters are the first friends we discovered two decades ago. We now know they are usually loners. They are most likely not formed in situ but migrated from the outer disk. They are expected to be synchronized to their parent stars by close-in tidal interactions. Nevertheless, there are still a few open questions that we do not understand yet. The inflated radius is one of them (see this previous bites). In today's paper, the authors provide a new approach to tackle the conundrum.
Puffier than they ought to be
Hot Jupiters passively cool down and contract after formation. Standard models can predict their thermal history and how much their radii should contract up to present time. Yet the observed radii (e.g. through transit) are larger than prediction. It is more surprising if you realize that it is difficult to increase the size of these gas giants. Because they are supported by pressure from electron degeneracy, it works in a way that the size remains almost constant with increasing mass. The possible solutions to this problem can basically be categorized into two types: (I) constantly injecting energy into the interior (II) delay the cooling process. (I) includes downward transport of kinetic energy, or energy dissipated by the interaction with the magnetic field (ohmic dissipation). Enhanced opacities are also proposed to reduces the cooling rate, which belongs to (II). However, the above mechanisms are either not robust or restricted to fine-tuned parameters. So the radius anomaly remains an intriguing open problem.
The power and the limit of the 3D GCM
A lot of effort have been put into 3D general circulation models (GCM), which solve a full set of equations describing the motion and energy of the fluid. They are the most sophisticated models to study flows in the atmosphere and also computationally expensive. So far none of their results can provide the mechanism responsible for the inflated radii. It is either that we are missing fundamental physics in these models, or as the authors argue, these models simply don't run long enough to reach a steady state in the deep atmosphere, where the thermal inertia is too large (the timescale of thermal radiation is proportional to pressure). To overcome this problem, they developed a steady state solution to obtain the converged temperature structure that is prohibited by the 3D GCMs.
2D steady state model
To simplify the problem and to look for the steady state, the authors drop all the temporal terms and only consider the solution at the equator. After massaging the equations, they obtain a reduced system, which looks less daunting but is underdetermined, i.e. there are an infinite number of solutions would satisfy the equations. They play a trick by imposing inputs from the 3D GCM to constrain the system: one is the zonal wind profile at the substellar point, and the other provides the overall geometry of the wind. Including these two conditions, together with proper boundary conditions, the 2D steady solutions describing the flow at the equator can then be solved.
The comparison between the 2D solutions and 3D runs is shown in Figure 1. The day-night temperature profiles and the global structure of the wind are mostly well reproduced by the 2D solutions. The main difference is the pressure-temperature structure of the deep atmosphere. The 2D solution converges to a hotter adiabatic profile required for a larger radius. On the other hand, the 3D model still tries to heat the deep atmosphere, leading to the artificial high vertical velocities seen in the bottom panel. Although the vertical velocities below 1 bar in the 2D solution are small, they are not zero. Since the deep atmosphere has a high density, the vertical mass fluxes are significant enough to drive the downward transport of entropy. This causes the temperature to connect to the hotter interior, even in the absence of convection. Similar processes are also found in the Earth deep ocean. So coming from simple equations, this adiabatic adjustment naturally solves the radius inflation problem!
Figure 1: (From top to bottom) Temperature, zonal wind, and vertical wind profiles for different longitudes shown in different colors. A (left) is from the 3D GCM run and B (right) is from the 2D steady state model. The pink and cyan lines are adiabatic thermal profiles corresponding to 1.4 RJup and 1.6 RJup respectively from the evolutionary model. (Figure 2 of the paper)
Figure 2: Correlation between irradiation flux and inflated radii. The red is from the 2D steady solutions and the brown is from the 1D models, compared with observation points (blue) from _URL_ (Figure 6 in the paper)
Even puffier when closer to the stars
People have also found the correlation exists between observed inflated radii with increasing stellar flux, as displayed in Figure 2. The proposed theory, if were universal, should be able to show the dependence of stellar irradiation. Their 2D models (red), based on the same physical set up, do successfully produce the trend of increasing radii with increasing irradiation without parameter-tuning. Thus it provides a robust mechanism solving the radius inflation problem. The steady-state model can be a useful tool to understand the long-term process in the atmospheres. The authors demonstrate how it provides a new way to solve the long-standing puzzle of inflated radii. I am excited to see more studies applying a similar approach to different problems.
About Shang-Min Tsai
 1. Una larga búsqueda de óxido de titanio en jupiteres calientes | Astrobites en español - […] todavía por resolver (por ejemplo, uno que tiene que ver con su tamaño hinchado, ver estos bites en inglés). Los…
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text:
- Created on Friday, 02 June 2000 18:32
- Written by Rich Fitzmorris
Rewash is linen that must be washed again prior to its use. There are generally two categories of rewash. The first is linen with unacceptable quality, other than stains. This linen is in good shapebut might be misfolded, wrinkled, have dust or lint on it, or for some other reason should not be used. The second type of rewash is linen that is stained due to usage.
To determine the percentage of each type of rewash, divide the pounds of rewash for a given period by the total clean pounds processed for the same time frame. The industry standard for rewash is 2 – 3 percent of total linen processed. If your percentage of rewash is higher than that, you should consider taking steps toidentify the case.
Rewash is costly by virtue of additional labor cost, linen replacement, utility cost and higher chemical cost.. The most likely cause of excessive rewash is poor wash formulas for the type of linen being processed. Time, temperature, chemicals and mechanical action are the basics for any wash formulation. Other potential causes of rewash are water quality and the condition of the washing and processing equipment. Regardless, the cost of high percentages of rewash can be damaging to the overall operation of any laundry, and steps should be taken to address the issue
Quick Rinse - News From Around The World
Man Freed From Laundry Machine
ENGLAND — Firefighters freed a man trapped in a laundry after he tried to pull some sheets that were stuck from a folding machine. The machine had not been turned off when he began trying the free the sheets. The employee's arm became trapped in the machine but the firefighters worked quickly cutting the machine's belt to free the man. He was rushed to the hospital where he was stabilized.


Classification yard
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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North Yard in Denver, Colorado, a typical U.S. classification yard in 2009
Chicago and North Western Railway's Proviso Yard in Chicago, Illinois, December 1942.
A classification yard (American and Canadian English) or marshalling yard (British, Indian English and Canadian English) is a railroad yard found at some freight train stations, used to separate railroad cars on to one of several tracks. First the cars are taken to a track, sometimes called a lead or a drill. From there the cars are sent through a series of switches called a ladder onto the classification tracks. Larger yards tend to put the lead on an artificially built hill called a hump to use the force of gravity to propel the cars through the ladder.
Freight trains that consist of isolated cars must be made into trains and divided according to their destinations. Thus the cars must be shunted several times along their route in contrast to a unit train, which carries, for example, automobiles from the plant to a port, or coal from a mine to the power plant. This shunting is done partly at the starting and final destinations and partly (for long-distance-hauling) in classification yards.
There are three types of classification yards: flat-shunted yards, hump yards and gravity yards.
Flat yards[edit]
Flat yards are constructed on flat ground, or on a gentle slope. Freight cars are pushed by a locomotive and coast to their required location.[1]
CNW towerman R. W. Mayberry operates the retarders at Proviso Yard in Chicago, Illinois, May 1943.
Hump yards[edit]
Not all cars can be sent over a classification hump. This Union Pacific track maintenance vehicle is permanently labeled DO NOT HUMP, because it is not a freight car and is not meant to be handled like one.
These are the largest and most effective classification yards, with the largest shunting capacity, often several thousand cars a day. The heart of these yards is the hump — a lead track on a small hill over which an engine pushes the cars. Single cars, or a block of coupled cars, are uncoupled just before or at the crest of the hump, and roll by gravity onto their destination tracks in the tracks where the cars are sorted, called the classification bowl.[2]
The speed of the cars rolling down from the hump into the classification bowl must be regulated according to whether they are full or empty, heavy or light freight, varying number of axles, whether there are few or many cars on the classification tracks, and varying weather conditions, including temperature, wind speed and direction. As concerns speed regulation, there are two types of hump yards — without or with mechanisation by retarders. In the old non-retarder yards braking was usually done in Europe by railroaders who laid skates[clarification needed] onto the tracks, or in the United States by riders on the cars. In the modern retarder yards this work is done by mechanized "rail brakes" called retarders. They are operated either pneumatically or hydraulically. Pneumatic systems are prevalent in the United States, France, Belgium, Russia and China, while hydraulic systems are used in Germany, Italy and the Netherlands.
Classification bowls in Europe typically consist of 20 to 40 tracks, divided into several fans or balloons of tracks, usually with eight classification tracks following a retarder in each one, often 32 tracks altogether. In the United States, many classification bowls have more than 40 tracks — up to 72 — which are often divided into six to ten classification tracks in each balloon loop.
Bailey Yard in North Platte, Nebraska, United States, the world's largest classification yard, is a hump yard. Other large American hump yards include Argentine Yard in Kansas City, Kansas, the second-largest in the world, Robert Young Yard in Elkhart, Indiana, Clearing Yard in Chicago, Illinois, Englewood Yard in Houston, Texas, and Waycross Rice Yard in Waycross, Georgia. Notably, in Europe, Russia and China, all major classification yards are hump yards. Europe's largest hump yard is that of Maschen near Hamburg, Germany; it is only slightly smaller than Bailey Yard. The second largest is in the port of Antwerp, Belgium. Most hump yards are single yards with one classification bowl, but some, mostly very large, hump yards have two of them, one for each direction, thus are double yards, such as the Maschen, Antwerp, Clearing, and Bailey yards. According to the PRRT&HS PRR Chronology, the first hump yard in the United States was opened May 11, 1903 as part of the Altoona Yards at Bells Mills (East Altoona).
However, due to the transfer of freight transport from rail to road and the containerization of rail freight transport [clarification needed] for economic reasons, hump yards are generally in decline.[citation needed] In Great Britain, Denmark, Norway, Japan and Australia, for example, all hump yards have already been closed.[citation needed]
Gravity yards[edit]
These are operated similarly to hump yards but, in contrast to the latter, the whole yard is set up on a continuous falling gradient and there is less use of shunting engines. Typical locations of gravity yards are places where it was difficult to build a hump yard due to the topography. Most gravity yards were built in Germany and Great Britain, sometimes also in some other European countries, for example Łazy yard near Zawiercie on the Warsaw-Vienna Railway (in Poland). In the USA, there were only very few old gravity yards; one of the few gravity yards in operation today is CSX's Readville Yard south of Boston, Massachusetts. The largest active gravity yard is Nürnberg (Nuremberg) Rbf (Rbf: Rangierbahnhof, "classification yard"), Germany. Gravity yards also have a very large capacity but they need more staff than hump yards and thus they are the most uneconomical classification yards.[clarification needed]
A switch engine pushes a car over the hump at Kornwestheim yard
The retarders grip the sides of the wheels on passing cars to slow them down.
Hump yard operation in Vienna, Austria (video)
Kijfhoek, Netherlands, seen from 1,000 feet (305 m). Hump is at upper right.
Hydraulic "Dowty retarders" allow fine adjustment of speed.
See also[edit]
 1. ^ James T. Kneafsey. "Major Problems of Railroad Service". Transportation Economic Analysis. Lexington Books. p. 138. ISBN _PHONE_.
 2. ^ "ABC's of Railroading: Terms of the trade". Trains (Waukesha, Wisconsin: Kalmbach Publishing): p 22. June 1991. ISSN 0041-0934.
 - International Railway Journal (IRJ), New York. Special editions about hump yards in various countries: issues II/66, II/70, VI/75, II/80.
 - Armstrong, John H. (1998). The Railroad: What It Is, What It Does (4th ed.). Omaha, NE: Simmons-Boardman. ISBN 978-0-911382-04-4.
 - Rhodes, Michael: The Illustrated History of British Marshalling Yards. Sparkford: Haynes Oxford Publishing & Co, 1988. ISBN 0-86093-367-9. Out of print.
 - Kraft, Edwin: The Yard: Railroading's Hidden Half. In: Trains (vol. 62) 2002. Part I: VI/02, pp. 46–67; part II: VII/02, pp. 36–47. ISSN 0041-0934.
 - Wegner, Robert: Classification yards. Map of the Month. In: Trains IV/2003, pp. 42–43.
 - Rhodes, Michael: North American Railyards. St. Paul (USA): Motorbooks International (MBI Publishing Company) 2003. ISBN 0-7603-1578-7.
External links[edit]


Stressed? Take a 20-minute nature pill
Why "Getting Away" in Nature Is Good for Your Mental Health
We already know eating your greens is vital for good health, but immersing yourself in green space might be just as important. Whether it's a remote mountaintop or an urban oasis, green space is emerging as a powerful force for good mental health. Exposure to green space can help alleviate depressionADHDAlzheimer's, and more. One particularly astounding study found that green space is nothing less than a superhero: it actually fights crime.
Here's how that worked: 541 vacant lots in Philadelphia were randomly assigned to one of three conditions. In the first, they were "cleaned and greened," meaning trash was removed, grass and trees were planted, and the improvements were maintained over time. In the second, lots were cleaned on a regular basis, but no greenery was planted. And in the third, the lots were left untouched. Then, the research team used police reports to track crime in the area. Near the cleaned and greened lots, crime decreased by 13%, including a decrease in gun violence almost 30%—that's a number that should grab any civic leader by the lapels.
Why is green space so powerful? Why does it make us feel refreshed and relaxed? And how on earth does it have the power to reduce crime and violence? This week, we'll look at a few possibilities, plus think about how to apply the answer to our lives. Okay, let's figure this out: more


text:
The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) collection of personally identifiable information was hacked 54 times between Jan. 1, 2015, and Dec. 1, 2016, according to an Inspector General (IG) report released last week.
The IG found that FDIC didn't complete key breach investigation activities and didn't notify affected individuals in a timely manner, it didn't document key assessments and decisions, it needs to strengthen controls over its data breach management team, and it didn't track and report key breach response metrics.
"In fulfilling its mission of insuring deposits, supervising insured financial institutions, and resolving the failure of insured financial institutions, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) collects and manages considerable amounts of personally identifiable information (PII)," the IG report said. "Implementing proper controls to safeguard this information and respond to breaches when they occur is critically important to maintaining stability and public confidence in the nation's financial system and protecting consumers from financial harm."
FDIC collects PII about its employees, contractors, and the customers of failed institutions. This information includes names, home addresses, telephone numbers, Social Security numbers, driver's license numbers, Employee Identification Numbers (EIN), and dates and places of birth. FDIC also collects information related to education, finances, medical histories, criminal histories, and employment histories.
FDIC breach response process includes eight stages: establish incident response capabilities in the event of a breach, detect breaches through security scans, report known and suspected breaches to the FDIC Help Desk/Computer Security Incident Response Team (CSIRT), collect facts about the incident and notify internal and external resources, analyze the risk and determine a course of action, notify affected individuals in a timely manner, prepare an incident close-out report, and leverage lessons learned to improve the security process.
However, during the 18 out of 54 breaches that the IG investigated, FDIC didn't notify affected individuals in a timely manner, clearly explain its rationale for determining the risk levels of a breach, effectively oversee data breach management team members, or use performance metrics to measure and assess the effectiveness of key breach response processes. In the examples provided by the IG, it took FDIC 145 to 215 days to notify affected individuals of the breach.
The IG found that the staffing to support breach response activities wasn't sufficient and the employees didn't receive adequate training.
The IG recommended that the CIO:
- Allocate the appropriate level of FDIC resources to ensure that the FDIC can effectively meet its obligations with respect to breach response activities.
- Establish a procedure that requires the FDIC to explain its rationale, in written form, justifying the overall impact levels assigned to breaches.
- Establish a charter for the data breach management team that defines its purpose, scope, responsibilities, membership, governance structure, and operations.
- Develop and use a process for briefing the data breach management team on the final findings of breach investigations and the actions taken in response to recommendations to resolve breach events.
- Provide specialized training for data breach management team members that includes tabletop exercises to ensure they fully understand their roles and responsibilities.
- Establish, track, and report metrics to assess the performance of breach response activities.
- Coordinate with the FDIC chairman to update the chief privacy officer designation to reflect organizational changes made since 2005.


text:
breaker rebate of $500 ($6,500 minus $6,000, which is 6 percent of $100,000).
- Kate usually makes $65,000 a year and pays $1,000 in property taxes (1.5 percent of her income) on her Gainesville home, but she loses her job in February. With unemployment insurance, her total income for the year is $20,000. Although she would not usually be eligible for a circuit breaker, she now qualifies for a $200 rebate ($1,000 minus $800, which is 4 percent of $20,000).
Who Would Receive the Benefit?
If this circuit breaker had been in effect in 2005, the following groups of Floridians would have been eligible for a credit:
- About 53 percent of households earning less than $60,000;
- About 12 percent of households earning between $60,000 and $100,000; and
- About 6 percent of households earning between $100,000 and $150,000.
How Much Would a Circuit Breaker Cost?
A circuit breaker of the design illustrated above would likely cost significantly less than $1 billion a year in the first several years after implementation.
Experience from other states suggests that a strong outreach campaign is necessary to inform eligible households about the program and encourage them to apply. The state, localities, or nonprofit organizations can engage in such outreach. If outreach is particularly successful, costs could increase in future years.
Can Florida Administer a Circuit Breaker?
States typically use one of three mechanisms to deliver property tax circuit breakers: a direct rebate check, an income tax credit, or a credit for future property tax bills. Since Florida does not have a personal income tax, the program would have to be administered as a direct state rebate. Half of the states with circuit breakers administer their programs through a direct state rebate. In these states, applicants must either attach a copy of their federal tax returns or other income-related documents, or sign an affidavit stating that their income information is true and correct. Florida could require similar documentation.
Florida legislators should use a circuit breaker to create a fair and targeted property tax system and to address property tax discord. Such a program can provide meaningful assistance to lowand middle-income Floridians.
 CBPP analysis of 2005 Census American Community Survey data. Since the legislature rolled back property taxes to their 2005 level, this data is a reasonable reflection of the current situation.
 CBPP analysis of 2005 Census American Community Survey data.
 These states are Illinois, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Wisconsin, and the District of Columbia.
 For more information, see Karen Lyons, Sarah Farkas, and Nicholas Johnson, "The Property Tax Circuit Breaker: An Introduction and Survey of Current Programs," Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, March 21, 2007, _URL_
 Please note this information reflects Census American Community Survey data from 2005. Property taxes in Florida have increased somewhat since then. This is the most recent available data on individual property tax payments. This is the most recent available data on individual property tax payments. Since the legislature rolled back property taxes to their 2005 level, this data is a reasonable reflection of the current situation.
 According to the 2005 American Housing Survey, 31 percent of all households in the U.S. are renters, while 57.4 percent of households in poverty are renters. Table 2-1, 2005 American Housing Survey, US Census Bureau (_URL_
 CBPP analysis of 2005 Census American Community Survey data.
 If every eligible household had successfully applied for this circuit breaker credit, the program would have cost roughly $2 billion dollars in 2005. However, participation in programs such as these rarely reaches 100 percent. In fact, participation often reaches only 50 percent a few years after the program's inception. This does not mean such a program is ineffective, but rather that it can be improved. It is extremely important to those households that do claim it. If the circuit breaker is used in conjunction with other property tax relief mechanisms, such as an expanded homestead exemption, its cost would be lower than the $1 billion estimate.


text:
Violence is deliberate behaviour resulting in physical injury to other human beings, or more broadly to other animals as well, and is often, but not necessarily, associated with aggression. Some forms of violence are socially and legally sanctioned, others are crimes. Different societies apply different standards relating to approved and non-approved forms of violence.
Forms of violence include:
- Corporal punishment
- Domestic violence
- Drive-by shooting
- Judicial execution
- Martial arts
- please add more to this list
also see _URL_ for more information about James W. Prescott's work.
Cruelty is unethical violence, also psychological kinds.
- this is a stub article, which needs much more to be written on this subject


THE TREE DOCTOR (aka The Plant Doctor)
White Oak Leaves
White Oak leaves (description is below)
The white oak, subgroup of genus (Quercus) leaf is identified as a simple (one blade), pinnate, evenly spaced, and with rounded leaf lobes. The leaf on the left has much shallower lobes than the one on the right, with its fiddle shape and large terminal lobe. This demonstrates the broad variation in white oak leaf shapes, but remember the major identity key to tell the difference between oak leaves is by knowing the rounded leaf lobes belong to white oaks.
black/white outline of the above leaf shapes is shown on this page.
Also, compare the difference between the white oaks to the red oak leaf.


Orchids Wiki
Coelogyne speciosa
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Coelogyne speciosa
Coelogyne speciosa
Scientific Classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta
Class: Liliopsida
Order: Asparagales
Subfamily: Epidendroideae
Tribe: Coelogyneae
SubTribe: Coelogyninae
Genus: Coelogyne
Species: Coel. speciosa
Binomial name
Coelogyne speciosa
Lindley 1834
Coelogyne speciosa is a species of Coelogyne found in East Asia.
Plants bloom from spring to summer with one to three 7.5 cm flowers per an inflorescence. Flowers are fragrant.
Coelogyne speciosa is found in Malaysia, Borneo, Java and Sumatra at elevations of 700 to 2000 meters growing on the rain forest floor and in trees.
Coelogyne speciosa plate
Coelogyne speciosa plate
Plants are usually grown in baskets. Plant grows in intermediate to warm temperatures with partial shade. Water regularly through the year. Pot in a well drain medium. Pot in a plastic or clay pot with a mix of fine fir bark, tree fern fibers, and perlite or pot in New Zealand sphagnum moss.
Coelogyne speciosa white Coelogyne speciosa variant Sepals and petals are white. Lip is red
Common name: The Beautiful Coelogyne
 1. Chelonanthera speciosa Bl. 1825
 2. Coelogyne speciosa subsp. fimbriata (J.J.Sm.) Gravend. 1999
 3. Coelogyne speciosa subsp. incarnata Gravend. 1999
 4. Coelogyne speciosa subsp. speciosa.
 5. Coelogyne speciosa var. fimbriata J.J.Sm. 1907
 6. Pleione speciosa (Blume) Kuntze 1891
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Kenya Vision 2030 is the country's development blue print covering the period 2008 to 2030. It aims to transform Kenya into a newly industrializing middle income country providing a high quality of life to all its citizens by the year 2030.
The Vision is based on 3 pillars: the economic, social and political pillars. The economic pillar aims to improve the prosperity of all Kenyans and achieve an average Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth rate of 10% per annum. The social pillar seeks to build a just and cohesive society with social equity in a clean and secure environment. The political pillar aims to realise a democratic political system founded on issue-based politics that respects the rule of law, protects the rights and freedoms of every individual in Kenyan society. Kenya Vision 2030 is to be implemented in successive five year Medium Term Plans. "Flagship projects" are expected to take the lead in generating rapid growth. For further information visit the following website:
Current Exchange Rate
For the latest current exchange rate between the Kenyan shilling and other currencies, follow this link: Central Bank of Kenya Exchange Rates


text:
Real Talk for Real Teachers with Dr. Becky Bailey and special guest Tiffany Taylor
School violence leaves teachers and schools with unique challenges in providing for students' physical and emotional safety. The goal of active shooter drills and school lockdowns is to keep schools safe, but teachers often feel under-equipped to manage the sense of danger, anxiety, uncertainty and stress that occurs during and after these events.
Classroom teachers are charged with unique responsibilities, from physical protector to emotional caregiver for their students—all while experiencing their own fears and feelings. As you plan your classroom's approach, it is helpful to consider both you and your students' social-emotional health when practicing, enacting and recovering from lockdowns and drills.
Listen as Kindergarten teacher Tiffany Taylor and 5th grade teacher Kristin Abel share helpful ways they prepare themselves and their students for active shooter and lockdown drills.
- Always relate the procedures back to safety
- Create and practice visuals for the drill's steps and procedures
- Practice your own composure and self-regulation in order to help students do the same
- Provide time and space for students to talk about their experience after drills, but before returning to learning activities
Steps For Tomorrow
- Practice your personal composure and rehearse helpful inner speech before, during, and after drills and lockdowns
- Create and strengthen connections with students
- Explore more about creating and implementing a Safe Place in your classroom
- Conscious Discipline: Building Resilient Classrooms
- Webinars: Understanding Trauma with Dr. Becky Bailey
- Feeling Buddies for Classroom Toolkit
- :19 What is Conscious Discipline?
- 1:44 Definition of trauma
- 3:00 Introduction of Tiffany Taylor, Kindergarten teacher
- 4:11 Monthly lockdown drill procedures with young children
- 5:33 Tiffany's experience with nearby gunshots and a lockdown during school hours
- 9:20 Suggestions for early childhood teachers
- 9:50 Three specific tips for tomorrow
- 13:50 Introduction of Kristin Abel, K-5 resource teacher and former 5th grade teacher
- 16:32 Lockdown drill procedures at Kristin's school
- 18:17 Preparing students for drills through procedures and self-regulation
- 20:17 What about classrooms who are not practicing Conscious Discipline?
- 22:42 Kristen's story of helping a child experiencing high emotions during a lockdown
- 24:19 Reflecting on the lockdown experiences at two different schools
- 27:53 Helpful suggestions for after a lockdown drill
- 28:25 What happens after a real lockdown situation?
- 31:21 Connecting with students who slip into daydream states after lockdowns
- 35:02 Top three things for teachers to know
- 38:10 What's Becky Bailey up to now?
Thank You for Listening
There are many ways you could have spent this time today, but you chose to spend it with me and I am grateful. If you enjoyed today's show, please share it with others via your favorite social media platforms.
Also, would you consider taking 60-seconds to leave an honest review and rating for the podcast on iTunes? Your feedback is extremely helpful when it comes to the ranking of the show and I love to hear your feedback! Also, don't forget to subscribe to the podcast on iTunes, to get automatic updates every time a new episode goes live!
On behalf of our Conscious Discipline family, we wish you well.


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Important facts about condominium association bylaws in Michigan
When a Michigan resident decides to buy a condominium, there are great benefits to the purchase. That includes flexibility and a community-minded place to live where everyone takes part in maintenance, has certain amenities and there are aspects of the residence that are inclusive. Still, people should be aware of the requirements they must adhere to when buying. The condominium association laws can be complicated. There are bylaws that developments will have in place and owners are required to follow them. From the viewpoint of the association, it is important to make sure the bylaws are clear.
What will be in the bylaws?
Owners are required to pay certain fees as owners in the development. That includes maintenance fees and its assessments. Some bylaws have limits on monthly fees that must be paid. If there are no limits, the association can determine the amount as it sees fit. Disputes can arise over this and the association should be legally protected. When there are common elements such as a parking area or road, the owners are responsible for paying a portion of it. This too will be determined by the association. Assessments can have restrictions. If there is not a restriction, the association can decide on this amount. People who do not pay what they owe could eventually have a lien put on their property.
Often, people want to make improvements to their residence. That could require approval from the association and other owners. People who move forward with repairs without approval could be confronted with legal action. An association that is facing this challenge must know what legal remedies are available. Some associations have rules that regulate issues like pets, renting the property to another person, what can be displayed outside and more. These should be detailed in the bylaws to avoid confusion. Factors that will cause a material impact on co-owners will make a vote necessary to approve or disapprove it. The bylaws also say who can attend association meetings.
Legal assistance can be helpful to condominium associations
Any problem with a condominium association is often seen from the perspective of an owner of a unit and how they are dealing with supposedly onerous requirements based on the bylaws. However, these bylaws are in place to make certain that everyone follows to the rules and protect unit owners. Having legal help with amending, drafting, updating and ensuring the adherence to bylaws can be crucial and having legal advice may be key. A firm with experience in homeowner association law and condominium association law should be contacted for guidance and representation.
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Nipponosaurus, meaning "Japanese lizard", is a genus of hadrosaurid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Period (late Santonian – early Campanian age). It was discovered in 1934 during the construction of a hospital on Karafuto Prefecture (now Sinegorsk, Sakhalin, Russia). More material belonging to this specimen was recovered in the summer of 1937. Though the quality of bone preservation is poor, the skeleton is about 60% complete. It is still one of the most poorly understood lambeosaurine dinosaurs.
Suzuki and colleagues re-described this dinosaur in 2004, and came to the conclusion that it was roughly 25 feet in length. It is considered a close relative to the well-known North American dinosaur Hypacrosaurus.


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for National Geographic News
A previously unknown population of vampire moths has been found in Siberia. And in a twist worthy of a Halloween horror movie, entomologists say the bloodsuckers may have evolved from a purely fruit-eating species.
Only slight variations in wing patterns distinguish the Russian population from a widely distributed moth species, Calyptra thalictri, in central and southern Europe known to feed only on fruit.
When the Russian moths were experimentally offered human hands this summer, the insects drilled their hook-and-barb-lined tongues under the skin and sucked blood.
Entomologist Jennifer Zaspel at the University of Florida in Gainesville said the discovery suggests the moth population could be on an "evolutionary trajectory" away from other C. thalictri populations. This is the second population of vampire moths Zaspel and her team have found. They discovered the first in Russia in 2006.
Next January, she will compare the Russian population's DNA to that of other populations and other species to confirm her suspicions.
"Based on geography, based on behavior, and based on a phenotypic variation we saw in the wing pattern, we can speculate that this represents something different, something new," Zaspel said.
"But it is really difficult to say without knowing genetic differences between individuals in that population, and among individuals from other populations, how different this group is going to be."
(Zaspel's research is funded in part by a grant from the National Geographic Society's Committee for Research and Exploration. National Geographic owns National Geographic News.)
If it turns out that Zaspel has indeed caught a fruit-eating moth evolving blood-feeding behavior, it could provide clues as to how some moths develop a taste for blood.
(Related: "Vampire Bats Hunt by Sound of Victims' Breath" [June 19, 2006].)
SOURCES AND RELATED WEB SITES


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WASHINGTON -- Splitting 5-4, the Supreme Court yesterday rejected the Clinton administration's plan to use statistical sampling to make up for individuals who get overlooked in the 2000 census.
The court ruled that the allocation of House of Representatives seats after the next census must be based on a head count.
The decision was a major setback for cities, for the Democratic Party and for a key part of its following: minorities, who are more often missed in counts by census-takers. The "undercount" in the 1990 census left out more than 4 million people, mainly urban minorities and children, according to the Census Bureau.
The justices left open the possibility that sampling could be used to adjust population figures for two purposes -- dividing up $180 billion in federal aid to the states and redrawing election districts at other levels of government.
It ruled narrowly that the census law does not permit sampling during the count every decade that is used to reapportion the 435 House seats among the states. It did not rule on the broader question of whether sampling is unconstitutional.
However, four of the justices in the majority said "a strong case can be made" that sampling is unconstitutional. It would have taken five votes to establish that proposition.
The challenge to the Clinton administration's plan for the first-time use of sampling in the decennial census was made by the House, by four counties and by individual voters in 13 states. The court did not rule on whether the House could challenge the plan but found that the other challengers had made their case.
The court majority decided an actual count -- in person, or by mail with follow-up, in-person contacts -- is the only method allowed by federal census law for House apportionment.
"From the very first census, the census of 1790," Justice Sandra Day O'Connor wrote for the majority, "Congress has prohibited the use of statistical sampling in calculating the population for purposes of [House] apportionment."
To Baltimore's dismay
Baltimore, one of the cities in which minority population is thought to be undercounted in every census, could lose some access to federal money if sampling is not allowed for federal funding purposes after the 2000 census. The city's relative power in the the General Assembly also could be adversely affected.
News of the decision frustrated officials in Baltimore, where one of every four dollars spent in the city's $1.8 billion annual budget comes from the federal government.
City leaders, including Mayor Kurt L. Schmoke, supported census sampling, noting that the majority of Baltimore's population -- 60 percent -- is black.
In the 1990 census, an estimated 4.4 percent of the nation's African-American population was not counted, the biggest segment being males ages 18 to 34.
Baltimore officials say minorities tend to be undercounted because, if they are poor, they do not own property and are less likely to respond to census surveys.
"It's a shame," said Gloria Griffin, a city planner helping to organize a group to ensure a more accurate Baltimore census. "Those poor souls who really need [the federal aid] are not going to get it."
If sampling is done next year for purposes other than House apportionment, it could result in two versions of the nation's 2000 population: one for allocation of seats in the House, a second for everything else.
But sampling can occur next year only if Congress approves the necessary money. Republicans strongly oppose sampling, because it appears to favor Democrats.
Yesterday's decision, because of its limited scope, reignited that partisan controversy as it bears upon the Census Bureau's legal authority to use sampling techniques to calculate national, state and local populations for these key purposes:
Dividing $180 billion in federal funding for social programs -- an allocation keyed to population;
Calculating where to draw the lines for House election districts, once the seats have been apportioned among the states, and districts for state legislatures and local governing bodies -- keyed to population within states.
House Speaker Dennis Hastert repeated the GOP opposition after the court's ruling, saying: "The [Clinton] administration should abandon its illegal and risky polling scheme and start preparing for a true head count."
President Clinton appears to have no intention of abandoning support for sampling within the limits that the Supreme Court ruling may permit. He reiterated his support for sampling in his State of the Union message last week, and the White House noted pointedly yesterday that the high court had not ruled sampling to be unconstitutional.
House Minority Leader Richard A. Gephardt, a Missouri Democrat, interpreted the ruling to mean that the Census Bureau is required to do sampling for purposes of redistricting and distribution of federal funding.


numbers are better (indicative of a faster and/or more efficient CPU). We recommend using this number when quoting results. The results are also copied to the clipboard.
File Queue
Selecting this command lets you look at the queue of files ready to be processed. You can add a file to the bottom of the queue or delete a file (you have to select it first by clicking on it). Once you have made your changes to the file queue, press OK to confirm the changes or Cancel to leave the queue as it was before you called up the screen. You can select multiple files in the file browse dialog box by using Control or Shift when clicking on them.
The File Queue dialog box has two checkboxes in addition to the normal controls (like add/remove file etc.)
The first, Reload on Startup, when selected, causes the contents of the file queue to be stored to disk each time it is accessed. When POV-Ray is started up with this option active, and the file queue had entries in it, they are loaded off disk and back into the queue. If Auto Render was also selected, POV-Ray would then start rendering them.
The second, Auto Render, instructs POV-Ray for Windows to render whatever is in the file queue (see File Queue below). When you switch Auto Render off, any files dropped onto the POV-Ray window are added to the queue but not rendered. In other words, while Auto Render is turned off, the file queue is inactive. However, any file selected with the Render/Start Rendering command will still be processed. Once you switch Auto Render back on again, if there are files in the queue, they will begin to be processed.
Note: Due to the way that some versions of Windows returns multiple file selections to us, if you use Ctrl or Shift to select more than two files in the Add to Queue file browse box, and then click on OK, the first and last entries will be transposed. (We can't swap them back to their original position since we can't tell if the transposition has happened in the first place).
Clear Queue
If you want to clear the entire queue in one go, this is the way to do it. The command shows you how many entries you will be throwing away.
Animation Pane
The Animation sub-menu contains options relating to running renders for the purposes of generating an animation. See the section on making animations in the tutorial for information on how to set POV-Ray up to do this.
Minimize Shellouts
The Minimize Shellouts options tells POV-Ray to run any specified shell-out in a minimized, non-active window. This can be important if you are doing some work in the foreground and do not want to be interrupted. Note that the command that you are starting must be capable of running in the background under Windows.
No Shellout Wait
If you specify a post-scene shell-out command in an INI file, POV-Ray for Windows hands over to the program specified. If you are running Windows 3.1x and Win32s, POV-Ray for Windows has no way of telling when the program shelled out to has finished, especially if it was a DOS program. All POV-Ray can do is show a screen explaining this and ask you to click the OK button when the external program has completed or if you don't want to wait for it to finish. If you do not want POV-Ray to display this message, select No Shellout Wait.
NOTE it is very important to note that if POV-Ray doesn't wait for the program, it must return immediately. If it returns immediately then obviously the program's return code cannot be monitored. In this case the return code will always be 0.
Render Priority
The higher the Rendering Priority, the more resources are devoted to rendering.
Some users have expressed surprise that changing this setting does not seem to significantly affect rendering times. This will of course be the case if the computer in question is not doing anything else at the time. The time when this setting starts to matter is when you are running another CPU-intensive process on the computer, one that would compete with POV-Ray for the CPU. It is then that changing this setting will make a noticeable difference. On the Vista™ platform (or later) the render priority can also be set to background.
See also Speed Considerations.
Duty Cycle
The Duty Cycle setting is provided only for unusual cases of heat accumulation. It is not intended to be used in other circumstances (as it offers little benefit other than as described below). Unless you are using a laptop in a restricted environment (or perhaps in orbit), this menu will be of little interest to you.
Some computers - particularly laptops or notebooks - cool their CPU's by convection. No CPU fan is used. This can make this type of device prone to overheating in certain circumstances (for example, where circulation of air is restricted, such as in a confined space, or where hot air does not, by its nature, rise, such as in zero-gravity).
POV-Ray makes extensive use of a processor's Floating Point Unit (FPU), a portion of the CPU that is not normally prone to high activity over long periods. Such use can potentially cause the CPU to generate more heat. Additionally, high CPU activity can cause the unit's normal heat-reducing facilities (such as lower-power CPU modes) to be inactive.
The Duty Cycle setting is used to tell POV-Ray to only use a certain percentage of the CPU's available time, even if nothing else is competing for the CPU. For example, a duty cycle of 10% would cause POV-Ray, during a render, to sleep for 90% of the available time, and only render during 10% of it.
During rendering, if the duty cycle is not set to 100% (the default), POV-Ray will update the status bar at the bottom of the window if it is in sleep mode. This update will show how many seconds remain until rendering starts again (which is based around a ten-second cycle). For example, a duty cycle of 70% would see POV-Ray render for seven seconds, then sleep for three.
Note: While it may seem far-fetched to include a feature in POV-Ray that seems primarily to be of use in zero-gravity, it in fact is for this exact reason it is here. On 25 April 2002, African entrepreneur Mark Shuttleworth was blasted into space in a Russian Soyuz capsule. Accompanying Mark on this launch was a copy of POV-Ray for Windows v3.5 beta 15, and a special scene written for the purpose by two of the word's best POV-Ray artists. Whilst on the International Space Station, Mark rendered a 6000x8000 pixel version of that scene. This scene is now available as a poster; see our website for more information and purchasing options.
Sound Settings
In the sound setting dialogue you can enable POV-Ray to signal the finishing of a render, a parse error and a render error or cancellation of a render. For each of the three signals a specific sound (WAV-file) can be set.
On Completion
The On Completion submenu allows you to specify what POV-Ray will do when it completes a rendering (or series of renderings, in the case of animations).
Do Nothing
No special actions are taken.
Display Message
This will cause POV-Ray for Windows to display a message window indicating that it has finished.
Exit POV-Ray for Windows
POV-Ray for Windows will exit after the render has completed.
Rerun SubMenu
This sub-menu contains commands related to re-running (re-rendering) files that you have already rendered (or started to render).
Rerun Dialog
Selecting this command brings up a list of the last rendering jobs performed (up to 16). You can select any one of them by clicking on it. You then have the option of rendering the job with the same POV-Ray settings used for the original job or viewing the rendering statistics for that job. If you select Render, you are shown the current render settings, which override any settings that the file was originally rendered with. See Edit Settings/Render in the Render Menu.
This command, like the following, is only displayed if you have interrupted rendering of a scene (by selecting Stop Rendering from the Render Menu). The command shows the name of the interrupted file, and selecting it instructs POV-Ray for Windows to re-render the scene from the start.
Like the previous command, this one restarts a current render, with the difference that any portion of the scene already rendered is taken up again. This only works if there was an output file being written.
File List
The file list shows the last 16 rendering jobs the same way that the Rerun Dialog does. It also lets you select a recent file for re-rendering, but it does not let you view the rendering statistics beforehand.
Options Menu
This menu contains settings that change the operation of POV-Ray for Windows as a whole.
Keep Single Instance
This option prevents more than one instance of POV-Ray for Windows from running at a time. If you attempt to launch a new one, the currently running one is activated instead. This is handy if you are using File Manager or Explorer to launch POV files by double-clicking. (Explorer users can get even more control by using the right mouse button menu.)
Use Render Animation
Turns on or off the use of the animated image in the top-right-hand corner of the tool bar. If it's turned on, and POV-Ray is rendering, an animation will be shown to indicate that a render is in progress. This animation is done from pre-generated images and uses very little CPU time.
Show Toolbar
This option will alternately show or hide the toolbar, and can be used if you want more room for the editor. Note that POV-Ray for Windows does