Counsellor - Psychologist (children & parents)
- French and English -
Christelle is a French psychologist who specialises in supporting families in their parenting. She has a special interest in young children and giftedness.
Her approach is play-based and she will always work with the parents along with the child. She is trained in "Hand In Hand Parenting" approach and believes helping parents strengthening their bond with their child is a key factor to solve childhood issues such as emotions' regulation, anxieties, sleep issues, bed-wetting...
Her work relies on both the latest knowledge in neuropsychology and early childhood development as well as positive discipline approaches such as Isabelle Filiozzat's and Catherine Gueguen's.
Having worked in London and Singapore, Christelle does consultations in French and English.
She also offers Montessori Parental workshops for parents and helpers where we explain the child's major developmental steps and share ideas of suitable Montessori activities.
Contact: _URL_


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July 8, 2007 Researchers at UNSW believe that blood may hold vital insights into what is happening in the brain of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS).
In a study unparalleled in its scope, a team led by UNSW Professor Andrew Lloyd of the Centre for Infection and Inflammation Research, has studied the differences in gene expression patterns in the blood of people who either recover promptly after acute glandular fever or develop the prolonged illness called post-infective syndrome.
The researchers examined six million pieces of gene expression information for analysis in the project, known as the Dubbo Infection Outcomes Study. The study is named after the NSW town in which the work was conducted. The team studied the expression of 30,000 genes in the blood, testing each of the 15 individuals between four and five times over a 12-month period.
The team was able to narrow its findings to the expression of just 35 genes whose pattern of expression correlated closely with the key symptoms of the illness when examined from onset through to recovery. Gene expression is significant because it is the process by which a gene's DNA sequence is converted into the proteins which ultimately determine the manifestations of disease.
Since 1999, the team has been tracking the long-term health of individuals infected with Ross River virus (RRV), Q fever infection and Epstein-Barr virus, which causes glandular fever.
"These genes might point to the nature of the disease process that underlies CFS, which is currently unknown," said Professor Lloyd, who is based in the School of Medical Sciences at UNSW. "None of them are ones that I would have predicted, except for those relating to neurotransmitters," he concedes. "Some of them relate to transport of zinc and other metal ions within the cell, which may suggest a fundamental disturbance in cellular function."
The researchers now hope to narrow the focus of research onto the expression of these 35 genes in the blood of a much larger group of subjects from the Dubbo Infection Outcomes Study, with varied patterns of illness and recovery.
"There are very few complex diseases which have been comprehensively analysed, with large scale and longitudinal studies, like this," said Professor Lloyd. "It sets a standard for highly sophisticated, comprehensive gene expression studies in the blood of all sorts of human diseases from rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis through to schizophrenia."
The research paper has been published in the Journal of Infectious Diseases.
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One of the main goals at AGEWORKS is to educate businesses about potential gains in productivity, revenue and competitive strength that flow from hiring and retaining employees in the 50+ group. Our objective is to raise awareness of the advantages that maturity, knowledge and work ethic provided by 50+ employees offer to business through mentoring, team-building and creating a positive intergenerational culture.
Our services include business training in the following areas:
- Debunking myths regarding baby boomers and their contribution to organizations
- How to attract, engage and celebrate the 50+ worker
- Implementing a successful intergenerational workforce strategy
- Reciprocal mentoring
- Best practice policies
- Transition planning

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Nancy Harriet Lee, daughter of Mary Elizabeth Butler and Thomas F. Lee, was raised in Bloomingburg, OH. She attended the University of Pittsburgh, intending to be a teacher, but could not fulfill her requirement as a practice teacher because of racial quotas. After this "shocking experience," she turned instead to social work, ultimately obtaining a master's degree. She rose high in the Juvenile and the Domestic Relations court systems in Pittsburgh, becoming the first black supervisor in the former. She received numerous community awards and led the drive to fund Pitt's African Heritage Classroom. She was inspired by Mary McLeod Bethune's principle, "Each one help one" and once said, "That's the way we always were as a family, helping each other."
"We have really come a long way"
Nancy Lee, talking to John Hewitt in 1994, contrasts her paternal grandmother's harsh experience after the Civil War with the circumstances of African Americans today.


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Plone gives a well-designed, out-of-the-box product for specific applications, backed by a large ecosystem. If what you need fits in Plone's bulls-eye, you're set. But when you need a different application or high performance, "fighting the framework" takes over and frustration can mount.
In this talk we look at KARL, a large-scale "knowledge management" project for the Open Society Institute. KARL started as a Plone application with FrankenPlone changes to its architecture. After fighting the framework, a switch was made to use the technologies of Zope combined with well-known packages from Python and WSGI. By removing most of the framework, KARL gained much faster performance, reliabiliy, and simplicity.
The talk will provide:
- a. Background on the project
- b. Demonstration of the result and load testing numbers
- c. Discussion of the architectural decisions and tradeoffs


Keys to wear a luminous face throughout pregnancy
Keys to wear a luminous face throughout pregnancy
Some pregnant women, because of increased blood flow and the action of the sebaceous glands, a face look radiant. Others see worsen the condition of your skin, which is covered with spots and pimples. Chloasma or mask of pregnancy can be prevented, taking into account factors such as hydration and sun protection. The makeup is safe for the fetus and can help hide imperfections. A glowing face during pregnancy: Not all pregnant women experience the same changes during pregnancy.
The shiny appearance of many women is due to increased blood flow and the action of the sebaceous glands.
Others observe, however, as his condition worsens with the appearance of skin spots (chloasma or mask of pregnancy), pimples or a slight redness in the face.
These changes are caused by the increase in female hormones during pregnancy, which regulate the production of fat. The skin also becomes more sensitive and delicate.
Maintain a luminous face is easy if you follow a number of indications for skin care during pregnancy:
Drinking lots of water helps to eliminate dirt that accumulates on your face and helps to moisturize the skin (approximately two liters). In the case of using moisturizers is important to know what is its composition. Those that contain benzoyl peroxide or retinol are completely contraindicated by the risk of producing birth defects. Consult your doctor before applying.
Makeup helps conceal the face 'small' facial imperfections. If you do makeup regularly, do not hesitate to continue doing so, because the makeup is safe for mother and baby. It may be that the product will cause allergies. If this is your case, please stop using it.
Protect skin from the sun to avoid staining and darkening of the skin, especially moles and freckles. To prevent chloasma, spots that appear on the face or neck during pregnancy, avoid direct sunlight. If you're still out, do not worry because they usually disappear after childbirth.
Medical scholarship


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This Anzac Day, we take a moment to remember the non-European Australians who have played a valuable part in Australia's history.
Australia's Anzac Day holiday on April 25 is a time for remembering the service and sacrifices of military personnel during war.
A forthcoming paper by Shannon Whiley (University of Queensland) does just this, shining a light on the little-known contributions of Nikkei-Australian soldiers who served in World War II, during the time of the White Australia Policy.
Defying the State to Serve the State
Whiley's paper, titled "The Experiences of Nikkei-Australian Soldiers During World War II", explains that although Australians of Japanese background were officially banned from enlisting in the military, records show that some Nikkei-Australians did serve in World War II.
Whiley writes, "Those who did enlist found themselves in an ambiguous position, fighting for a country that interned their families and classified them as enemy aliens."
Building on existing scholarship on Nikkei-Australian history, Whiley uses archival material to profile three Nikkei-Australian soldiers, including Mario Takasuka (pictured left). Whiley's work shows how, despite their common heritage, these soldiers were treated differently by authorities due to differing parentage and places of birth.
Identity and Belonging
The paper "delve[s] into questions surrounding the identity of these soldiers, focusing on the tensions between three different images of Nikkei-Australians:
1) how they were seen bureaucratically and legislatively;
2) how they were seen by their local communities and peers; and
3) how they saw themselves.
It shows that despite being classified as enemy aliens by the state [during World War II], Nikkei-Australians were generally accepted by their peers and did not conform to the stereotypes of Japanese people that prevailed within the government and the greater community."
Growing Body of Literature
The study also draws on the stories of "non-Australian Nikkei soldiers and Australian soldiers from non-Nikkei racial minorities", including "Chinese-Australian soldiers and Indigenous Australian soldiers", and "contributes to the growing body of literature commemorating those non-European Australians who served in the military under the White Australia policy."
Shannon Whiley's article is based on her Honours thesis, and will be published this coming June in NVJS 10.
(Image: Mario Takasuka, [Mario on leave in Cairo, 1941], from Building a Country Archive, Pictures Collection, State Library Victoria, _TAG_.400/96)


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Hedgerow planting in Denmark
Despite the great extension of agricultural land and farming tradition in Denmark, few formal agroforestry systems can be easily found. However, Denmark has a long tradition in hedgerow planting which has shaped and delineated Danish landscapes.
Hedgerow planting to protect crops from wind erosion has a long tradition in Denmark. Hedgerow structure, composition and purpose have evolved from the XIX century, when many of today's hedgerows were established to state ownership boundaries and to increase agricultural productivity. Nowadays, hedgerows are key multifunctional landscape elements that enhance biodiversity and increase landscape diversity. Although the plantation of hedgerows is decreasing, still more than 500 km of hedgerows are planted every year.
In the mid of the XIX century, there was a strong need of agricultural land to provide food to the increasing population of Denmark and to compensate the loss of territory to Germany after the 1864 war. Western Jutland, which was dominated by heath, was reclaimed to agricultural land (1, 2). However, strong wind erosion and dominating sandy soils demanded shelterbelts for this new agricultural land. In 1866 the Land Development Service (DLDS) was established with the purpose to protect these farmlands (2, 3).
The DLDS is a private organization which was funded by subscriptions of members, donations and since 1880, shortly after its foundation, by the national government which quickly became the main source of funds. Until 1989, DLDS has been the main driver of hedgerow planting (today it is still responsible for 90% of hedgerows planting), holding the monopoly of distributing plants with subsidized prices, providing advisors and offering staff for hedgerow planting (Fig. 1).
Fig 1: DLDS distribution of plants Fig 2: "Flying squads" - planting activities
Around the same time, local planting associations started to appear and in 1902 the Federation of Planting Associations (NBSP) was formed (2). Acting as a national coordinator and organized in regional associations, its purpose was to promote and advice groups of farmers on hedgerows planting and maintenance. The Federation of Planting Associations (today the Danish Planting Association) and the DLDS were strongly associated and together have been the main actors in the network of subsidized hedgerow planting in Denmark until nowadays (3, 4, Fig. 3).
Fig. 3: Central actors in the network related to subsidised hedgerow planting in Denmark.
A good example of the collaboration between the national government and the hedgerows planting scheme were the so-called "Flying Squads". In the 1920s, the collective hedgerow planting model became very popular. It consisted of groups of association members who decided to plant together in the same geographical area at the same time. To fight against the high unemployment rates, the government created the flying squads which carried out the planting work with the support of the Ministry of Social Affairs (financing the hand work) and the Ministry of Agriculture (financing the plant materials) (4, Figure 2). This led to the creation of over a hundred local planting associations under the umbrella of the Federation of Planting Associations. This collective hedgerow planting became the organization's model for the next 3 decades (1).
The 1960s and 1970s showed a decline in the interest in hedgerow planting, also a consequence of reduced governmental support and increasing inflation (1, 2). This situation remained until the mid-final 1980s, when the entrance of the EU financial support supposed a revitalization of the hedgerow planting schemes.
The planting design of hedgerows did not vary too much until the 1960s and consisted mainly of one row of trees (Picea glauca and Picea sitchensis, often complemented with Sorbus intermedia (5)). However, after it became evident that these mono-specific hedgerows had a low permanence and stability, new hedgerow models were developed, taking the value of hedgerows for biodiversity and cultural landscape values into consideration (6).
In 1974, the EU Structural Fund started co-financing hedgerow planting and this push revitalized the hedgerow scheme. First, hedgerows were funded only on agricultural land with a risk of wind erosion in Western Jutland. In 1976 the first Hedgerow Planting act was implemented and financial support was extended to the whole of Denmark. Two different hedgerows planting schemes were established following the same model that was already running: individual and collective schemes, the latest one heavily favored because it supported not only the planting materials (like in the individual scheme), but also planting and maintenance costs for three years.
Fig. 4: Windbreak of five rows, 800 m long. Established withe a 20.000 kr (~2670€) grant from EM Dalgas Memorial in 2013.
The appearance of the EU co-funding implied a transition in the purpose and motivations for hedgerow planting. Although increasing farmland productivity was still the main objective of hedgerow planting, the 1988 act modification specified that hedgerow planting has also positive effects on the landscape. In 1993 the scheme was extended to include the financial support for woodlot planting connected to hedgerows to enhance nature and landscape, acknowledging the role of ecological corridors. Finally, in 2002, aesthetic values were added to the act, recognizing the multifunctional purpose of hedgerows. The individual and collective schemes were balanced, giving the same financial support to both of them (although collective plantings remain predominant).
Today, more recent hedgerows are usually shaped by 3 rows (but comprise sometimes up to 7-8 rows), combining deciduous trees and shrubs and not exceeding 10 meters of width. Its implementation has been extended from the outwash plains of Western Jutland to the whole country (figure 4, figure 5).
Fig. 5: Typical hedgerows plantings are 3 and 6 rowed. It is usually formed by native deciduous species.
In 2005, the ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries analyzed the current situation of the hedgerows scheme in Denmark with special focus on profitability and habitat enhancement values (5, 7) viagra vente en ligne. Their report highlighted the wider hedgerows (6-7 rows) as permanent habitat providers (although not economically beneficial due extra costs), while 3-4 rows were highlighted as green corridors and economically profitable.
The effects of hedgerows on Danish agricultural landscapes are palpable and are a success of a bottom-up approach in land use management. Wind erosion became a minor problem by reducing wind speed. By changing micro-climate, hedgerows increase temperature and crops yield. The current scheme which includes broader purposes has allowed hedgerows to define the landscape in the whole country, even in areas where wind erosion risk is not a problem.
Source: Mario Torralba Viorreta, Dep. of Geoscience and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, February 2015. Mario started his PhD on silvopastoral systems in May 2014 and is contributing to the Agforward project's WP7.
Picture Source: Det Danske Hedeselskab (Danish Land Development Service).
1. Fritzbøger B. 1998. Det åbne lands kulturhistorie, DSR-Forlag, Copenhagen.
2. Fritzbøger B. 2002. Bag hegnet. Historien om levende hegn i det danske landskab. Landsforeningen De danske Plantningsforeninger. Gullanders Bogtrykkeri A/S, Skjern.
3. Busck A.G. 2003. Hedgerow planting analysed as a social system – interaction between farmers and other actors in Denmark. Journal of Environmental Management 68: 161–171.
4. Knudsen H.S. 1983. Det flyvende korps. Fællesudvalget for Læplantning
5. Busck A, Kristensen L.S and Primdah J. 2007. The Hedgerow Planting Scheme in Denmark - a case study of objectives, context, effects and implications. Anex III of Maximising the provision of public goods from future agri- 469 environmental schemes. Final Report of Project 15932. (Peterborough (UK): Land Use 470 Policy Group, 2007).
6. Knudsen H, Vestergaard G. 2001. Levende hegn og små beplantninger. Landbrugsforlaget.
7. Rapport om effektvurdering af læplantningsordningen. 2005. Direktoratet for Fødevareerhverv.


Inferior frontal gyrus
The inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), (gyrus frontalis inferior), is the lowest positioned gyrus of the frontal gyri, of the frontal lobe, and is part of the prefrontal cortex.
Inferior frontal gyrus
Inferior frontal gyrus of the human brain, gyrus frontalis inferior.
Lateral surface of left hemisphere viewed from the side. Inferior frontal gyrus shown in yellow.
Part ofFrontal lobe
PartsPars opercularis, Pars triangularis, Pars orbitalis
ArteryMiddle cerebral
Latingyrus frontalis inferior
NeuroLex IDbirnlex_873
Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy
Its superior border is the inferior frontal sulcus (which divides it from the middle frontal gyrus), its inferior border is the lateral sulcus (which divides it from the superior temporal gyrus) and its posterior border is the inferior precentral sulcus. Above it is the middle frontal gyrus, behind it is the precentral gyrus.[1]
The inferior frontal gyrus is the location of Broca's area involved in language processing and speech production.
The inferior frontal gyrus is highly convoluted and has three cytoarchitecturally diverse regions.[2] The three subdivisions are an opercular part, a triangular part, and an orbital part. These divisions are marked by two rami arising from the lateral sulcus.[3] The ascending ramus separates the opercular and triangular parts.[4] The anterior (horizontal) ramus separates the triangular and orbital parts.[5]
 - Opercular part of inferior frontal gyrus (pars opercularis), (cortex posterior to the ascending ramus of the lateral sulcus), and part of frontal lobe that overlies the insular cortex
 - Triangular part of inferior frontal gyrus (pars triangularis), (cortex between the ascending ramus and the horizontal ramus of the lateral sulcus)
 - Orbital part of inferior frontal gyrus (pars orbitalis) (cortex inferior and anterior to the horizontal ramus of the lateral sulcus)
Cytoarchitecturally the opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus is known as Brodmann area 44 (BA44). The triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus is known as Brodmann area 45 (BA45), and the orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus is known as Brodmann area 47. The opercular part and the triangular part ( BA44 and BA45) make up Broca's area.
The inferior frontal gyrus has a number of functions including the processing of speech and language in Broca's area. Neural circuitry has been shown to connect different sites of stimulus to other regions of response including other subdivisions and also other frontal gyri.[2]
Language processing
The left opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus is a part of the articulatory network involved in motor syllable programs. The articulatory network also contains the premotor cortex, and the anterior insula. These areas are interrelated but have specific functions in speech comprehension and production. The articulatory network acts mostly when the vocal tract moves to produce syllables. The pars opercularis acts indirectly through the motor cortex to control the motor aspect of speech production, and codes motor programs for this system, while the auditory cortex (via the temporoparietal junction in the lateral sulcus (Sylvian fissure) houses a series of sensory targets. Together, these areas function as a sensory-motor loop for syllable information coding.
In a study conducted comparing phonological and arithmetic processing and the involvement of different sections of the inferior frontal gyrus and angular gyrus, cortical activation for phonology, subtraction, and multiplication tasks was compared. The predetermined language-calculation network was limited to the left inferior frontal gyrus, angular gyrus, superior parietal lobule, and the horizontal portion of the intraparietal sulcus. The results were significant to support that there was a pattern of left lateralization for each of these tasks all activating the Perisylvian fissure network, with some general localized areas for phonology and arithmetic. It was supported that phonology activated the pars opercularis (BA44), and anterior angular gyrus, multiplication mainly implicated the pars triangularis (BA45), and the posterior angular gyrus. These systems are activated through similar neuronal processes but independently placed along the network.
Language comprehension and production
Most language processing takes place in Broca's area usually in the left hemisphere.[6] Damage to this region often results in a type of non-fluent aphasia known as Broca's aphasia. Broca's area is made up of the pars opercularis and the pars triangularis, both of which contribute to verbal fluency, but each has its own specific contribution. The pars opercularis (BA44) is involved in language production and phonological processing due to its connections with motor areas of the mouth and tongue. The pars triangularis (BA45) is involved in semantic processing. Characteristics of Broca's aphasia include agrammatic speech, relatively good language comprehension, poor repetition, and difficulty speaking mostly uttering short sentences made up mostly of nouns. The left IFG has also been suggested to play a role in inhibitory processes, including the tendency to inhibit learning from undesirable information. For example, transcranial magnetic stimulation to the left IFG has been shown to release such inhibition, increasing the ability to learn from undesirable information.[7]
The right opercular part of the IFG, (BA44) has been implicated in go/no go tasks.[8] In these tasks, the participant encounters a preliminary task (for instance repeatedly pressing a button), and then must halt this task whenever a "no go" signal is presented, ultimately measuring a level of impulse control through inhibition of a prepotent response. It seems that the same area is also implicated in risk aversion: a study found that higher risk aversion correlated with higher activity at IFG.[9] This might be explained as an inhibition signal to accept a risky option. Disruption of activity of this area with transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) leads to change in risk attitudes, as behaviorally demonstrated by choices over risky outcomes.[10][11]
 1. Nolte (2002), The Human Brain, ISBN 978-0-323-01320-8 photos on p526 & p.546
 2. Greenlee, JD; et al. (1 August 2007). "Functional connections within the human inferior frontal gyrus". The Journal of Comparative Neurology. 503 (4): 550–9. doi:10.1002/cne.21405. PMID _PHONE_.
 3. "anterior ramus of lateral cerebral sulcus".
 4. Gaillard, Frank. "Ascending ramus of the lateral sulcus | Radiology Reference Article |". Radiopaedia.
 5. Gaillard, Frank. "Anterior ramus of the lateral sulcus | Radiology Reference Article |". Radiopaedia.
 6. The "dominant inferior frontal convolution" —Fauci,, eds. (1998), Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 14th Edition, Companion Handbook, ISBN 978-0-07-021530-6CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link). p.1055
 7. Sharot, T., Kanai, R., Marston, D., Korn, C. W., Rees, G. & Dolan, R.J. (2012) Selectively Altering Belief Formation in the Human Brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109 (42), 17058–17062.
 8. Aron AR, Robbins TW, Poldrack RA (2004). "Inhibition and the right inferior frontal cortex". Trends Cogn Sci. 8 (4): 170–177. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2004.02.010. PMID _PHONE_.
 9. Christopoulos, GI.; Tobler, PN.; Bossaerts, P.; Dolan, RJ.; Schultz, W. (Oct 2009). "Neural correlates of value, risk, and risk aversion contributing to decision making under risk". J Neurosci. 29 (40): 12574–83. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2614-09.2009. PMC _PHONE_. PMID _PHONE_.
 10. Knoch D, Gianotti LR, Pascual-Leone A, Treyer V, Regard M, Hohmann M, Brugger P (2006). "Disruption of right prefrontal cortex by low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation induces risk-taking behavior" (PDF). J Neurosci. 26 (24): 6469–6472. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0804-06.2006. PMID _PHONE_.
 11. Fecteau S, Pascual-Leone A, Zald DH, Liguori P, Théoret H, Boggio PS, Fregni F (2007). "Activation of prefrontal cortex by transcranial direct current stimulation reduces appetite for risk during ambiguous decision making". J Neurosci. 27 (23): 6212–6218. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0314-07.2007. PMID _PHONE_.


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Editor's note: All notations will be cited when this series of articles have concluded. The information is based on research contained in Tom Horn's upcoming new book:
APOLLYON RISING 2012
The Lost Symbol Found And The Final Mystery Of The Great Seal Revealed
A Terrifying And Prophetic Cipher, Hidden From The World By The U.S. Government For Over 200 Years Is Here
THE COMING GODS OF THE NEW WORLD ORDER
"In the E at Delphoi, although the sun represents God… Plutarch here associates this supreme god with the Apollon of religion, while in the essay on Isis religion, he is associated with Osiris. Both Apollo(n) and Osiris are sun gods [who]… turns out to be (not to our surprise) the Delphic Apollo (A-pollon)."—Frederick E. Brank, Relighting the souls: studies in Plutarch, in Greek literature, religion, and philosophy, and in the New Testament background.Scholars such as Michael Heiser, Ph.D. in Hebrew Bible and Semitic Languages provide details on the study of the Divine Council—the pantheon of divine beings or angels who currently administer the affairs of heaven and earth. Experts in this field of biblical studies typically agree that, beginning at the Tower of Babel, the world and its inhabitants were disinherited by the sovereign God of Israel and placed under the authority of lesser divine beings that became corrupt and disloyal to God in their administration of those nations (Psalm 82). According to the theory, these beings quickly became worshipped on earth as gods following Babel, and because these angels, unlike their human admirers, would continue on earth until the end of time, each 'spirit' behind the pagan attributions was known at miscellaneous times in history and to various cultures by different names. This certainly agrees with the biblical definition of idolatry as the worship of fallen angels, and means the characterization of such spirits as "Jupiter," "Justice," "Osiris," and "Isis," can be correctly understood to be titles ascribed to distinct and individual supernaturalism. The spirit behind Apollo was thus a real personality; Osiris actually lived, and still does. Yet Osiris could have been the same entity known elsewhere as Apollo or Dionysus. Numerous Greek historians, including Plutarch, Herodotus, and Diodorus Siculus, observed Osiris of the Egyptians and Dionysus of the Greeks as the same god, while others found Apollo and Dionysus to be one and the same. Since the designers of the Great Seal of the United States incorporated the appropriate Egyptian symbols and Roman-Greek mottoes into the seal's scheme to cipher a prophecy about the return of this god—Apollo-Osiris (aka, Nimrod)—it seems reasonable that the occultists also perceived the two gods as representing a singular unseen agency. As a result, readers will benefit from understanding the mythos behind these deities. In the mythological records, trace-nuances, which communicate specific traits having to do with the nature of the entity, can be found. This is helpful in understanding the nature of the 'god' that is prophesied to return.
"The Solar Eye [on the Great Seal of the United States] was called the eye of… Apollo… the sacred and mysterious Eye of the Most High of the gods…. Thus it is held in the highest estimation by all Royal Arch Masons."—Charles A. L. Totten, Our Inheritance In The Great Seal Of Manasseh, The United States Of America.
"This is he... who shall again set up the Golden Age amid the fields where Saturn once reigned."—Virgil, Aeneid 6.790
THE BEGINNING OF ORGANIZED MYTHOLOGY DAWNS IN SUMERIA
It was the year B.C. 3500, and the alluvial desert of the Middle East was alive with spiritual and physical activity. In a valley forged between the twin rivers of the Tigris and the Euphrates, magnificent walled cities awoke to the chatter of busy streets and marketplaces. In what the Greeks would later call "Mesopotamia" (between the rivers), the world's first great trade center and civilization had developed. The opulent Sumerian cities of Ur—the home of Abram—Uruk, and Lagash, formed the economic machines of the ancient Middle East, while industries from as far away as Jericho near the Mediterranean Sea, and Catal Huyuk in Asia Minor, competed for the trade opportunities they provided. Laborers from the biblical city of Jericho exported salt into Sumer, and miners from Catal Huyuk prepared obsidian, used in making mirrors, for shipment into the ancient metropolis. But while the prehistoric people of the East looked to the Sumerians for their supply of daily bread, the Sumerians themselves gazed heavenward to the early rising of Utu (Shamash), the all-providing sun god, as he prepared once again to ride across the sky in his chariot. In B.C. 3500, Utu was not alone among the gods. By now the Sumerian pantheon provided the earliest known description of organized mythology consisting of a complex system of more than 3,000 deities covering nearly every detail of nature and human enterprise. There were gods of sunshine and of rain. There were vegetation gods, fertility gods, river gods, animal gods, and gods of the afterlife. There were great gods—Enlil (prince of the air), Anu (ruler of the heavens), Enki, (the god of water), and so on. Under these existed a second level of deities, including Nannar the moon god, Utu the sun god, and Inanna, the "Queen of Heaven."
A significant question, which has puzzled scholars and historians for more than a millenium is where did the Sumerian deities come from? Since the religion of Sumeria was the first known organized mythology and would greatly influence the foundational beliefs of Assyria, Egypt, Greece, Rome, and others, where does one find the beginning of their many gods? Were the Sumerian deities the product of human imagination, or the distortion of some earlier prehistoric revelation? Were they the "mythologizing" of certain ancient heros, or, as some New Age followers suggest, the result of an extra-terrestrial "alien" visitation whose appearance gave birth to the legends and mythological gods? More important, did the gods of Sumeria reflect the emergence of an unknown power operating through pagan dynamics, or were the gods purely the creation of primitive imaginations?
These questions are both fascinating and difficult since the gods and goddesses of ancient Sumeria/Mesopotamia continue to be shrouded in a history of unknown origins. It was as though from "out of nowhere" the Sumerians sprang onto the scene thousands of years ago, bringing with them the first written language and a corpus of progressive knowledge—from complicated religious concepts, to an advanced understanding of astrology, chemistry, and mathematics. The questionable origin of the Sumerian culture has caused more than a few orthodox theorists to conclude that these gods, and the subsequent mythologies that grew out of them (Assyrian, Egyptian, etc.), were the diabolical scheme of a regressive and evil supernatural presence. If this is true, does the ancient power continue to work within our world? Do primordial and living entities, once worshipped as "gods," coexist with modern man?
The biblical view of the origin of the pagan gods begins with what in my second book I coined The Original Revelation. This means there was a perfect revelation from God to man at the time of creation. The first man Adam was at one with God and perceived divine knowledge from the mind of God. The human was "in tune" with the mental processes of God, and understood, therefore, what God knew about science, astronomy, cosmogony, geology, eschatology, and so on. After the fall, Adam was "detached" from the mind of God, but retained an imperfect memory of the divine revelation, including knowledge of God's plan of redemption from the time of the fall through the end of time and everything in between, including Noah's Flood, the coming of Messiah, and the final World Empire. Two things began to occur in the decades after the Fall: 1) information from the original revelation became distant and distorted as it was dispersed among the nations and passed from generation to generation; and 2) the realm of Satan seized upon this opportunity to receive worship, and to turn people away from Yahweh, by distorting and counterfeiting the original revelation with pagan ideas and "gods". This point of view seems reasonable when one considers that the earliest historical and archeological records from civilizations around the world consistently point back to and repeat portions of the original story.
In their startling book, The Discovery of Genesis, the Rev. C.H. Kang and Dr. Ethel R. Nelson confirm that prehistoric Chinese ideographic pictures (used in very ancient Chinese writing) report the story of Genesis, including the creation of the Man and Woman, the garden, the temptation and Fall, Noah's flood, and the tower of Babel. In his book, The Real Meaning Of The Zodiac, the late Dr. James Kennedy claimed that the ancient signs of the Zodiac also indicate a singular and original revelation—a kind of Gospel in the stars—and that the message of the stars, though demonized and converted into astrology after the fall of man, originally recorded the


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Graphs are mathematical abstractions that are useful for solving many types of problems in computer science. Consequently, these abstractions must also be represented in computer programs. A standardized generic interface for traversing graphs is of utmost importance to encourage reuse of graph algorithms and data structures. Part of the Boost Graph Library is a generic interface that allows access to a graph's structure, but hides the details of the implementation. This is an ''open'' interface in the sense that any graph library that implements this interface will be interoperable with the BGL generic algorithms and with other algorithms that also use this interface. The BGL provides some general purpose graph classes that conform to this interface, but they are not meant to be the ''only'' graph classes; there certainly will be other graph classes that are better for certain situations. We believe that the main contribution of the The BGL is the formulation of this interface.
The BGL graph interface and graph components are generic, in the same sense as the Standard Template Library (STL). In the following sections, we review the role that generic programming plays in the STL and compare that to how we applied generic programming in the context of graphs.
Of course, if you are already familiar with generic programming, please dive right in! Here's the Table of Contents.
The source for the BGL is available as part of the Boost distribution, which you can download from here.
DON'T! The Boost Graph Library is a header-only library and does not need to be built to be used. The only exception is the GraphViz input parser.
When compiling programs that use the BGL, be sure to compile with optimization. For instance, select "Release" mode with Microsoft Visual C++ or supply the flag -O2 or -O3 to GCC.
There are three ways in which the STL is generic.
First, each algorithm is written in a data-structure neutral way, allowing a single template function to operate on many different classes of containers. The concept of an iterator is the key ingredient in this decoupling of algorithms and data-structures. The impact of this technique is a reduction in the STL's code size from O(M*N) to O(M+N), where M is the number of algorithms and N is the number of containers. Considering a situation of 20 algorithms and 5 data-structures, this would be the difference between writing 100 functions versus only 25 functions! And the differences continues to grow faster and faster as the number of algorithms and data-structures increase.
The second way that STL is generic is that its algorithms and containers are extensible. The user can adapt and customize the STL through the use of function objects. This flexibility is what makes STL such a great tool for solving real-world problems. Each programming problem brings its own set of entities and interactions that must be modeled. Function objects provide a mechanism for extending the STL to handle the specifics of each problem domain.
The third way that STL is generic is that its containers are parameterized on the element type. Though hugely important, this is perhaps the least ''interesting'' way in which STL is generic. Generic programming is often summarized by a brief description of parameterized lists such as std::list. This hardly scratches the surface!
Like the STL, there are three ways in which the BGL is generic.
First, the graph algorithms of the BGL are written to an interface that abstracts away the details of the particular graph data-structure. Like the STL, the BGL uses iterators to define the interface for data-structure traversal. There are three distinct graph traversal patterns: traversal of all vertices in the graph, through all of the edges, and along the adjacency structure of the graph (from a vertex to each of its neighbors). There are separate iterators for each pattern of traversal.
This generic interface allows template functions such as breadth_first_search() to work on a large variety of graph data-structures, from graphs implemented with pointer-linked nodes to graphs encoded in arrays. This flexibility is especially important in the domain of graphs. Graph data-structures are often custom-made for a particular application. Traditionally, if programmers want to reuse an algorithm implementation they must convert/copy their graph data into the graph library's prescribed graph structure. This is the case with libraries such as LEDA, GTL, Stanford GraphBase; it is especially true of graph algorithms written in Fortran. This severely limits the reuse of their graph algorithms.
In contrast, custom-made (or even legacy) graph structures can be used as-is with the generic graph algorithms of the BGL, using external adaptation (see Section How to Convert Existing Graphs to the BGL). External adaptation wraps a new interface around a data-structure without copying and without placing the data inside adaptor objects. The BGL interface was carefully designed to make this adaptation easy. To demonstrate this, we have built interfacing code for using a variety of graph dstructures (LEDA graphs, Stanford GraphBase graphs, and even Fortran-style arrays) in BGL graph algorithms.
Second, the graph algorithms of the BGL are extensible. The BGL introduces the notion of a visitor, which is just a function object with multiple methods. In graph algorithms, there are often several key ''event points'' at which it is useful to insert user-defined operations. The visitor object has a different method that is invoked at each event point. The particular event points and corresponding visitor methods depend on the particular algorithm. They often include methods like start_vertex(), discover_vertex(), examine_edge(), tree_edge(), and finish_vertex().
The third way that the BGL is generic is analogous to the parameterization of the element-type in STL containers, though again the story is a bit more complicated for graphs. We need to associate values (called "properties") with both the vertices and the edges of the graph. In addition, it will often be necessary to associate multiple properties with each vertex and edge; this is what we mean by multi-parameterization. The STL std::list class has a parameter T for its element type. Similarly, BGL graph classes have template parameters for vertex and edge ''properties''. A property specifies the parameterized type of the property and also assigns an identifying tag to the property. This tag is used to distinguish between the multiple properties which an edge or vertex may have. A property value that is attached to a particular vertex or edge can be obtained via a property map. There is a separate property map for each property.
Traditional graph libraries and graph structures fall down when it comes to the parameterization of graph properties. This is one of the primary reasons that graph data-structures must be custom-built for applications. The parameterization of properties in the BGL graph classes makes them well suited for re-use.
The BGL algorithms consist of a core set of algorithm patterns (implemented as generic algorithms) and a larger set of graph algorithms. The core algorithm patterns are
By themselves, the algorithm patterns do not compute any meaningful quantities over graphs; they are merely building blocks for constructing graph algorithms. The graph algorithms in the BGL currently include
The BGL currently provides two graph classes and an edge list adaptor:
The adjacency_list class is the general purpose ''swiss army knife'' of graph classes. It is highly parameterized so that it can be optimized for different situations: the graph is directed or undirected, allow or disallow parallel edges, efficient access to just the out-edges or also to the in-edges, fast vertex insertion and removal at the cost of extra space overhead, etc.
The adjacency_matrix class stores edges in a |V| x |V| matrix (where |V| is the number of vertices). The elements of this matrix represent edges in the graph. Adjacency matrix representations are especially suitable for very dense graphs, i.e., those where the number of edges approaches |V|2.
The edge_list class is an adaptor that takes any kind of edge
iterator and implements an Edge List Graph.
|Copyright © 2000-2001||
Indiana University (_EMAIL_)|
Lie-Quan Lee, Indiana University (_EMAIL_)
Andrew Lumsdaine, Indiana University (_EMAIL_)


Candomblé Ketu
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For the city in Ecuador frequently misspelled as Queto, see Quito.
Candomblé Ketu (or Queto in Portuguese) is the largest and most influential branch (nation) of Candomblé, a religion practiced in Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay. Its liturgical language, known as Iorubá or Nagô, is a dialect of Yoruba.
Queto is a system of beliefs that merges the Yoruba mythology (brought to the New World by Yoruba slaves) with Christianity and Indigenous American traditions.[1] Queto developed in the Portuguese Empire. Yoruba slaves carried with them various religious customs, including a trance and divination system for communicating with their ancestors and spirits, animal sacrifice, and sacred drumming and dance.[2][3] Its origins are entwined with the religious and beneficent brotherhoods (irmandades) organized by the Roman Catholic Church among ethnic Yoruba slaves; the Order of Our Lady of the Good Death (Nossa Senhora da Boa Morte), for women, and the Order of Our Lord of the Martyrdom (Nosso Senhor dos Martírios), for men.
See also[edit]
External links[edit]


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What is BCD and How is it Used in Automation?The BCD system offers relative ease of conversion between machine-readable and human-readable numerals.
In this article, we will learn about BCD, Binary Coded Decimal, which offers relative ease of conversion between machine-readable and human-readable numerals.
As computers evolved from very early transistor-based models to the desktop personal computers using microchips, memory and instruction registers were 8-bits in length with computing, having to adapt to the standard decimal-based system.
Specific instructions used by programmers early on were designed with 8-bits in length to facilitate all of computing. These instructions have been maintained throughout the years of computer development, and will most likely continue to be used in the future.
Boolean Logic and Expressions
Within computers, each of the 8-bits has only two values for representing either a logic 1 (or True) and a logic 0 (or False).
This is what is referred to as Boolean in computer science. Boolean logic and expressions make the system of using binary numbers perfect for use in digital or electronic circuits and systems.
The BCD system offers relative ease of conversion between machine-readable and human-readable numerals.
Advantage of the BCD System
An advantage of the Binary Coded Decimal system is each decimal digit is denoted by a group of 4 binary digits and that it allows easy conversion between decimal a base-10 system and binary a base-2 system.
Disadvantage of the BCD System
A disadvantage is BCD code does not used all the states between binary 1010 for the decimal 10 and binary 1111 for the decimal 15.
Binary Numbering System Used in Computers
Binary coded decimal has specifically important applications using digital displays.
Now let's talk about the binary numbering system used in computers.
This system is a Base-2 numbering system which follows the same set of rules used with decimal or base-10 number system.
Base-10 uses powers of ten, for example 1, 10, 100, 1000 and so on, where binary numbers use powers of two, effectively doubling the value of each sequential bit, for example 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 and so on.
This conversion between binary and decimal values is called Binary-coded decimal and allows for easy conversion between decimal and binary numbers.
Binary-Coded Decimal or BCD
Binary-coded decimal or BCD is a code using a series of binary digits or bits that when decoded represents a decimal digit.
A decimal number contains 10 digits, zero to nine.
So, each decimal digit 0 through 9 is represented by a series of four binary bits where the numerical value when decoded is equivalent to a decimal digit.
In BCD we will use binary numbers from 0000-1001, which are equivalent to decimal 0-9.
Using the decimal number 5 for example, 5 in BCD is represented by 0101 and 2 in BCD is represented by 0010 and 15 in BCD is represented by 0001 0101.
Weighted BCD of Decimal Numbers and Weighted Decimal
Let's look a bit closer on how this conversion works.
As you can see in the illustration below, the decimal weight of each decimal digit to the left increases by a factor of 10.
With BCD number system, the binary weight of each digit increases by a factor of 2.
The first digit has a weight of 1 or (20), the second digit has a weight of 2 or (21), the third digit has a weight of 4 or (22), and the fourth digit has a weight of 8 or (23).
BCD Truth Table
Now with the basic understanding of the binary-weighted system, the relationship between decimal numbers and weighted binary coded decimal digits for decimal values of 0 through 15 are provided as a truth table for BCD.
Binary-Coded Decimal vs. Binary to Decimal Conversion
Keep in mind, Binary-coded decimal is not the same as binary to decimal conversion. For example, if I would represent the decimal number 72 in both forms, the bit formation would be like this:
BCD: 0111 0010
Binary: 0100 1000
When we use a table to explain and expand out the weighted values, using 16 bits, we can convert the following decimal numbers: 9620, 120 and 4568 into their binary equivalents.
By adding together all the decimal number values from right to left from each of the bit positions that are represented by a 1 gives us the decimal equivalent.
9620 (=8192+1024+256+128+16+4) equals this Binary value: 0010 0101 _PHONE_
120 (=64+32+16+8) equals this Binary value: 0000 0000 0111 1000
4568 (=4096+254+128+64+16+8) equals this Binary value: 0001 0001 _PHONE_
However, for the same decimal number, the BCD form representation will be like this:
9620 (9, 6, 2, 0) equals this BCD value: _PHONE_ 0010 0000
120 (1, 2, 0) equals this BCD value: 0001 0010 0000
4568 (4, 5, 6, 8) equals this BCD value: 0100 0101 0110 1000
Electronic circuits and systems can be divided into two types of circuits, analog and digital.
Analog Circuits amplify varying voltage levels that can alternate between a positive and negative value over a period of time and Digital Circuits produce distinct positive or negative voltage levels representing either a logic level 1 or a logic level 0 state.
HIGH and LOW States in Digital Signals
Voltages used in digital circuits could be any value, however in digital and computer systems they are below 10 volts.
In digital circuits voltages are called logic levels and typically one voltage level will represent a HIGH state, and the lower voltage level will represent a LOW state.
A binary number system will use both of these two states.
Digital signals consist of discrete voltage levels that change between these two HIGH and LOW states.
BCD Usage in Alpha-Numeric Display and RTC
BCD was commonly used for displaying alpha-numeric in the past but in modern-day BCD is still used with real-time clocks or RTC chips to keep track of wall-clock time and it's becoming more common for embedded microprocessors to include an RTC.
It's very common for RTCs to store the time in BCD format.
A binary clock might use LEDs to express binary values. With this clock each column of LEDs displays a binary-coded decimal numeral.
7 Segment Displays and Thumbwheel Switches
Back in the days, before touchscreens, seven segment displays, and thumbwheel switches were used for a numerical interface between PLCs and humans.
Even before the PLC, these BCD type devices were the only graphical way to interface with system circuits numerically.
BCD in Siemens S7 Standard Timer and Counter Data Types
Some PLCs for example, Siemens S7 standard timer and counter data types use Binary Coded Decimal in their data structures because these structures go back to when engineers had to deal with things like these thumbwheels and 7 segment displays.
In fact, the S7 timer setpoints are still entered as S5T#2S for a two-second setpoint because this is inherited from the S5 PLC platform.
These timers use three BCD digits or 12 bits and two extra bits for the time base. This is true for counters in which they only count from 0 to +999.
This concludes the article, What is Binary-Coded-Decimal or BCD and how is it used in Automation.
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findViewById(R.id.timeline_box_degree_text)).setText(servoData.getDegree1());
 ((TextView) servo2TimeLine.getChildAt(i).findViewById(R.id.timeline_box_degree_text)).setText(servoData.getDegree2());
 ((TextView) servo3TimeLine.getChildAt(i).findViewById(R.id.timeline_box_degree_text)).setText(servoData.getDegree3());
 ((TextView) servo4TimeLine.getChildAt(i).findViewById(R.id.timeline_box_degree_text)).setText(servoData.getDegree4());
This feature enables the user to control the robotic arm with a very intuitive user interface. And the save timeline feature allows the user to use/share already stored timeline for some actions with other users.
A small video to explain the save timeline functionality can be seen below,
Tags : GSoC '19, PSLab, Android, Robotic Arm
Continue Reading The Robotic Arm Controller Feature in PSLab Android Application.
Importing files from local storage in PSLab Android application
This blog demonstrates how a user can import log files from local storage to the PSLab Android application for various instruments and play them. This functionality is really useful as users can share their log files and import them in their app. This blog mostly consists of my work in the PSLab Android repository.
How to access local storage files?
We here use the concept of implicit intent to access the local storage of the device and then generate the file from the received data URI.
Implicit intents differ from explicit intents in a way that, they don't give exact class or activity to be initialized through the intent, instead they provide the action to be performed and the class or activities are selected implicitly from the required action
The code block is shown below.
private void selectFile() {
 Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT);
 startActivityForResult(intent, 100);
Here the Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT defines implicit intent. This intent opens the activity related to the action of GETTING CONTENT. The type of content is specified in the Intent.setType(). Since here the type is set to "*/*", it will open all types of files. If we want only images we can set Type to "images".
startActivityForResult(intent, ) starts the file selection activity.
How to generate a file from received URI?
Once the user selects a file from the file selection activity we can generate the selected file from the data passed in the callback function of startActivityForResult(). The data intent passed as a parameter to onActivityResult() callback contains data for the selected file. We can retrieve path, name, etc details of the selected file from this data intent. The code block for the same is given below.
 protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, _USER_ Intent data) {
 if (requestCode == 100) {
 if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
 Uri uri = data.getData();
 String path = uri.getPath();
 path = path.replace("/root_path/", "/");
 File file = new File(path);
 else Toast.makeText(this, this.getResources().getString(R.string.no_file_selected), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
Here we check for the requestCode, which we passed when calling the startActivityForResult() function. We further check if the result is valid and then generate the file from the file path we received in the data Intent. Once we get the path we can get the selected file using the following lines of code:
String path = uri.getPath();
File file = new File(path);
How to get Data from the file?
Once the file is generated, it is passed to a function getFileData(File file) to get data in the file to add to the logs of the selected device. The main part of the getFileData function is given below.
FileInputStream is = new FileInputStream(file);
String line = reader.readLine();
int i = 0;
long block = 0, time = 0;
while (line!= null) {
 if (i!= 0) {
 String[] data = line.split(",");
 try {
 time += 1000;
 BaroData baroData = new BaroData(time, block, Float.valueOf(data[2]), Double.valueOf(data[3]), Double.valueOf(data[4]));
 } catch (Exception e) {
 Toast.makeText(this, getResources().getString(R.string.incorrect_import_format), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
 line = reader.readLine();
Here we read the file line by line and convert the CSV data into the object of the selected device. And then this data is added to app storage using the realm. As shown in the code block above, we are parsing the data to the BarometerData class instances. We split each line by "," and then use each field as input to the constructor of the BarometerData class. Once we create the instances of the class, we add them to the realm, so the imported file is saved in the realm and now we can access it easily from DataLoggerActivity.
The following images demonstrate the functionality of Import log
Step 1: Select Import Log menu from
(Figure 1: Import Log menu)
Step 2: Select the file to be imported from the local storage
(Figure 2: Files to import from Local storage)
Step 3: Play the imported log from the DataLoggerActivity
(Figure 3: Imported logged data in DataLoggerActivity)
Tags: PSLab, Android, GSoC 19, ImportLog, Intents, Implicit Intent
Continue Reading Importing files from local storage in PSLab Android application
Examples of how AsyncTask is used in PSLab Android App
In this blog, we will look at a very useful and important feature provided by Android – AsyncTask and more importantly how AsyncTasks have been put to use for various functionalities throughout the PSLab Android Project
What are Threads?
Threads are basically paths of sequential execution within a process. In a way, threads are lightweight processes. A process may contain more than one threads and all these threads are executed in parallel. Such a method is called "Multithreading". Multithreading is very useful when some long tasks need to be executed in the background while other tasks continue to execute in the foreground.
Android has the main UI thread which works continuously and interacts with a user to display text, images, listen for click and touch, receive keyboard inputs and many more. This thread needs to run without any interruption to have a seamless user experience.
When AsyncTask comes into the picture?
In PSLab Android application, we communicate with PSLab hardware through I/O(USB) interface. We connect the PSLab board with the mobile and request and wait for data such as voltage values and signal samples and once the data is received we display it as per requirements. Now clearly we can't run this whole process on the main thread because it might take a long time to finish and because of that other UI tasks would be delayed which eventually degrade the user experience. So, to overcome this situation, we use AsyncTasks to handle communication with PSLab hardware.
Methods of AsyncTask
AsyncTask is an Abstract class and must be subclassed to use. Following are the methods of the AsyncTask:
 - onPreExecute()
 - Used to set up the class before the actual execution
 - doInBackground(Params…)
 - This method must be overridden to use AsyncTask. This method contains the main part of the task to be executed. Like the network call etc.
 - The result from this method is passed as a parameter to onPostExecute() method
 - onProgressUpdate(Progress…)
 - This method is used to display the progress of the AsyncTask
 - onPostExecute(Result)
 - Called when the task is finished and receives the results from the doInBackground() method
There are 3 generic types passed to the definition of the AsyncTask while inheriting. The three types in order are
 1. Params: Used to pass some parameters to doInBackground(Params…) method of the Task
 2. Progress: Defines the units in which the progress needs to be displayed/
 3. Result : Defines the data type to be returned from onInBackground() and receive as a parameter in the onPostExecute(Result) method
Example of the usage of the AsyncClass is as under :
private class SampleTask extends AsyncTask {
 protected Result doInBackground(Params... params) {
 // The main code goes here
 return result;
 protected void onProgressUpdate(Progress... progress) {
 // display the progress
 protected void onPostExecute(Result result) {
 // display the result
We can create an instance of this class as under and execute it.
SampleTask sampleTask = new SampleTask();
We can cancel a running class by calling the task.cancel() function
AsyncTask in PSLab Android Application
As mentioned earlier some task which takes a lot of time, can't be executed on the main thread. Hence in such cases AsyncTask is used. We will look into some examples where AsyncTask has been put to use in PSLab Android Application
Delete All Logs:
In the DataLoggerActivity, user has an option to delete all the logs that have been saved on the local storage. Now there might be a lot number of log files that needs to be deleted. Hence it is better to use AsyncTask for these. The code snippet for this is below,
private class DeleteAllTask extends AsyncTask {
 protected Void doInBackground(Void... voids) {
 Realm realm = Realm.getDefaultInstance();
 for (SensorDataBlock data : realm.where(SensorDataBlock.class)
 .findAll()) {
 File logDirectory = new File(
 Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath() +
 File.separator + CSVLogger.CSV_DIRECTORY +
 File.separator + data.getSensorType() +
 File.separator +


text:
Hard shell purple bug at the coast of Puerto Rico
Thu, Feb 26, 2009 at 7:12 PM
I was staying at a hotel on the east coast of the island of Puerto Rico and went to the shore to look at the ocean at around midday. This thing was purple, had a hard shell, did not move at all, about 5 inches long and 3 inches wide. It was withing the rocks. This was in summer 2006.
East coast of Puerto Rico
The creature in your photograph is a Chiton. Chitons are primitive marine molluscs that have shells composed of 8 plates. The shells provide protection against waves which enable Chitons to survive on stormy rocky coasts. Chitons are sometimes called Sea Cradles.
Sat, Feb 28, 2009 at 5:58 AM
Hi Daniel, Ah, another mollusk! This is Acanthopleura granulata (Gmelin, 1791), the West Indian fuzzy chiton. The shell plates of this chiton are actually brownish and are usually very eroded. The pink/purple color on this one is due to a layer of encrusting calcareous red algae. For more info see the Wikipedia article (which I put together.) Best wishes to you,
Susan J. Hewitt
Sun, Mar 1, 2009 at 4:43 AM
I wanted to add:
1. That these chitons do move around, but only at night, grazing on microscopic algae which grows on the rock surface. Each one returns to its same spot on the rock at the end of the night.
2. That the maximum size of this species is about 3 inches in length.
3. There is a really excellent book on the chitons of P.R. called "Los Quitones de Puerto Rico" by Cedar I. Garcia Rios.


text:
The government's decision to expand Heathrow Airport has been ruled 'unlawful' by the Court of Appeal, on climate change grounds. This decision may point to a new way to save Arundel's countryside from the current very damaging A27 bypass proposals.
Jenny Bates of Friends of the Earth said: 'The Court has specifically recognised how the climate crisis needs to be at the heart of major infrastructure decisions. It's time that the government catches up with this fact and stops pursuing its outdated climate-wrecking transport projects, such as major new roads and airport expansion at Heathrow or elsewhere, and instead gives us the clean transport network we need.'
This is cheering news right now, at the end of Highways England's latest 'review period' or public consultation, presenting new 'corrections' to their 2019 documents (you can respond until 11.59 on 1 March). That has been depressing because the process altogether has been no more than a confusing smoke screen for Highways England to carry on business as usual. The corrections, inadequate as they are, do not alter the fact that the scheme is hugely damaging to wildlife, communities and the climate.
If Highways England decide to adopt a damaging new Preferred Route such as Magenta, these errors – and their inadequate consultation process - may or may not add up to a possible legal challenge. But the new decision about Heathrow opens up a whole new possibility of legal action based on HE's disregard of the government's obligations about Climate Change.
Some examples of their still uncorrected errors:
- Woodland/environmental impact
The brochure (August 2019) prominently attributed too large a figure for woodland 'impact' to Cyan and Beige options, making them look twice as damaging as Magenta. The figures were under a heading 'environmental impact' and so fuelled the misconception that Cyan and Beige, the part-online routes, are more environmentally damaging than the offline options. Non-existent woodland was added to a map to justify the figures. This error is only partially corrected.
- Cultural heritage
The brochure errors over-emphasised the damage from the Crimson route and under-estimated the damage from Magenta. HE have added mention of listed buildings, but there is still no mention of the damage to villages of Tortington and Binsted.
Ecological data were not available for Grey or Magenta routes since 2017 surveys did not cover those routes. Wrong conclusions remain – e.g. that the Magenta route's 'operation' would have a 'neutral' effect on the Binsted Woods Local Wildlife Site.
- Noise wrongly assessed
The corrections reveal that 'noise related health impacts' were wrongly assessed in 2019 as 'not significant' for the Magenta and Grey routes through two villages - Tortington and Binsted.
- A27 wrongly described
The single carriageway section of the A27 was wrongly described as starting at Yapton Lane (B2132), instead of 2.4km to the east, in many places. This error favours Grey, Magenta and Amber routes, by making Crimson, Beige or Cyan seem impossible.


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One of the biggest and least popular parts of the state budget in Colorado is the corrections budget, which pays for our prisons. The place to start an informed debate on that issue is to know who is in prison right now. The best available data in a single chart is on page 77 of this government report, which breaks down the prison population by offense, gender, and whether the offense was inchoate (i.e. usually attempt, but also conspiracy or solicitation), or actual.
Let's start with some basic facts. In 2004, there were 19,347 inmates in state prisons, of whom 17,621 were men (91.1%), and 1,726 were women. Of the men, 45.6% were in for violent offenses, as were 26.4% of the women (94.6% of people serving time for violent crimes are men).
The most common offenses (by percentage of total prison population, including related inchoate crimes such as attempts to commit these crimes) are:
Sex Offenders 11.4%
Theft (including car theft) 9.9%
Assault (including vehicular assault) 8.4%
Habitual Non-Violent Felon 3.1%
Child Abuse 2.1%
Fraud and Forgery and Embezzlement 1.8%
Miscellaneous Non-Violent Crimes 3.3%
The inmate population is 46.3% non-Hispanic White, 29.1% Hispanic, 21.6% non-Hispanic black, 2.1% American Indian, and 0.9% Asian. About 7% of inmates are foreign born and about two-thirds of them were born in Mexico.
Felonies are rated in Colorado from I, the most severe, to VI, the least serious, and the percentage whose highest conviction is in each category is as follows:
I 3.3% (e.g. 1st degree murder; 1st degree kidnapping seriously injuring the victim)
II 6.5% (e.g. 2nd degree murder; 1st degree kidnapping)
III 26.2% (e.g. 1st degree assault; theft of in excess of $15,000; 1st degree arson)
IV 37.1% (e.g. unarmed burglary; theft of in excess of $500)
V 17.2% (e.g. forgery; criminally negligent homicide; menacing with a deadly weapon)
VI 3.5% (e.g. paying with a check drawn on a non-existent bank account)
Habitual Offender Sentences 3.0%
Lifetime Sex Offender Sentences 2.6%
Other 0.5% (e.g. tax fraud would be an unclassified felony)
The average sentence and most common crime in each category for new offenders is also set forth in the report (at page 46). A class I felony carries life without parole or death as a sentence, and is largely confined to first degree murder and aggravated first degree kidnapping.
A class II felony has an average sentence of 27.2 years. The most common offenses for this class of felony and the average sentences are second degree murder (33.2 years), attempted first degree murder (34.6 years), second degree kidnapping (31.3 years), drug offenses (12.3 years), and organized crime (13.8 years).
A class III felony has an average sentence of 9.6 years. The most common offenses for this class of felony and the average sentences are drug offenses (7 years), 2nd degree burglary (7.8 years), sex assault on a child (10.9 years), aggravated robbery (18.5 years), 1st degree assault (22.6 years), theft (8.2 years), vehicular homicide (12.2 years), 1st degree burglary (10.8 years), and attempted second degree murder (16.8 years).
A class IV felony has an average sentence of 4.5 years. The most common offenses for this class of felony and the average sentences are drug offenses (3.6 years), theft (4.1 years), 2nd degree burglary (4.5 years), 2nd degree assault (6.2 years), escape (4.1 years), sexual assault on a child (5.7 years), robbery (4.8 years), and aggravated car theft (4.1 years).
A class V felony has an average sentence of 2.6 years. The most common offenses for this class of felony and the average sentences are drug offenses (2.2 years), escape (2.2 years), menacing (2.5 years), criminal trespassing (2.3 years), and theft (2.4 years).
A class VI felony has an average sentence of 1.5 years. The most common offenses for this class of felony and the average sentences are driving after judgment (1.5 years), drug offenses (1.4 years), criminal impersonation (1.5 years), and criminal trespass (1.6 years).
About 49.4% of those in Colorado prisoners are eligible for parole but have been denied parole at least once. About 188 offenders aren't eligible for parole until they have served at least 75% of their sentences, the threshold is lower for the rest. The average sentence being served is for 11.3 years (the average sentence for newly admitted felons is 4.6 years, but since inmates with short sentences cycle through more quickly, they make up a disproportionately small share of the total), and the average inmate has been in prison on the current sentence for just under three years.
As of the end of 2005 there were 374 inmates serving sentences of life without possibility of parole, 430 serving sentences of life with parole possible after some fixed period of time (generally ten to forty years), 844 sex offenders subject to lifetime supervision, 32 sex offenders subject to 1 day to life sentences, and 7 individuals serving pre-1979 life sentences.
The offenses in the case of the life sentences were:
1st degree murder 668
1st degree kidnapping 10
Sex offenses 876
Habitual offender sentences 126
Pre-1979 offenses 7
In addition there were two inmates in the Colorado system (less than 1% of murder convicts) on death row at the end of 2005 (Edward Montour, convicted in 2003 of killing a prison guard, and Nathan Dunlap, convicted in 1996 of four murders at the Aurora Chuck E Cheese restaurant).
The focus of most efforts to reduce the prison population is on shortening sentences and finding alternative options for non-violent offenders, such of those convicted of drug crimes or theft.


Do Energy Transport Systems Shape Organisms?
Research Research: Do Energy Transport Systems Shape Organisms? By Steve Bunk Brian Evans/lightSpace BEAUTY OF LIFE: This computer-generated image illustrating how organisms grow proportionally represents only a tiny portion of image E on the following page. Could it be that the way organisms transport resources is the most pervasive influence on biological structure and diversity? Curious though it may seem, recent research suggests that networks for transporting the materials essential
By | December 7, 1998
Research: Do Energy Transport Systems Shape Organisms?
By Steve Bunk
Brian Evans/lightSpace
Could it be that the way organisms transport resources is the most pervasive influence on biological structure and diversity? Curious though it may seem, recent research suggests that networks for transporting the materials essential to life may be a prime mover in determining shape and form in nature.
This is the fundamental tenet of a framework for explaining many features of biological diversity that is being developed by three scientists: Geoffrey B. West, a theoretical physicist at Los Alamos National Laboratory in Los Alamos, N.M.; James H. Brown, a biology professor at the University of New Mexico; and Brian J. Enquist, a postdoctoral biologist at the nonprofit Santa Fe Institute.
A paper published by the trio in September1 has supplemented the researchers' first paper, published last year,2 and others are in preparation. Brown and West also are editing a book, Scaling in Biology, to which all three scientists will contribute; it is scheduled to be published in 1999 by Oxford University Press. The ambitious aim is to establish that certain physical principles underlying allometric scaling laws are major determinants of changes in many anatomical and physiological variables of organisms as they increase in body size.
Body size, which varies over at least 21 orders of magnitude, from Mycoplasma to the blue whale, is central in the scaling laws of allometry, the study of evolutionary changes in the size or proportion of organisms. Many biological phenomena--such as metabolic rate, heartbeat, time of blood circulation, lifespan, and size of organismal structures such as mammalian aortas or tree trunks--scale at quarter-powers of body mass. Quarter-power scaling has long been recognized as prevalent in nature, but the relationship of body size and physiology has eluded biologists for decades.
The first paper by West and colleagues presented a general model for the origin of allometric scaling laws in biology. "I think the major accomplishment of this, in a certain sense, is that here's this plethora of scaling laws... and they cover all life, but they all derive from the same set of principles," West explains. "And we're all constrained by that. But [the model] goes much further and says not only are we constrained as we develop, we're constrained as we evolve."
Enquist adds, "It's amazing that some very simple beginning points in the model--just three general principles--not only can be applied to the mammalian cardiovascular system, but also to plants, insects, possibly all life."
The model's three general principles stem from the observation that living things have a common mechanism of transporting life-sustaining materials through a linear network that branches to supply every part of the organism. The first two principles are that a space-filling, fractal-like branching pattern is necessary to supply the organism with what it needs to live, and that the final unit of this branching pattern is always the same size. As West has put it, "When it comes to energy-transport systems, everything is a tree."
James H. Brown and Geoffrey B. West
The third assumption is that the energy required by the transport system is minimized. This principle recognizes the importance of natural selection to evolutionary development, yet it emphasizes the optimization inherent in that process. It asserts that what is optimized is not only competition with others for available resources, but also how well the individual uses those resources.
"The vast majority of what you see around you--not the details, but the vast majority--is governed by these principles," says West. The principles "seem to be at work at all levels, and they manifest themselves as this myriad of laws, all of which have quarter-power. And they manifest themselves not just between organisms, but within an organism."
Perhaps the most fundamental scaling law is the metabolic rate of organisms--the amount of energy used to sustain life--which is known to be proportional to body mass raised to the power of 3/4. Why this 3/4 exponent or any of the innumerable quarter-power scaling laws should hold true, has not been clear. The quantitative model by West and colleagues not only explains the origin and prevalence of quarter-power scaling, it establishes its own general validity by successfully predicting the size of essential features relative to body mass in such disparate transport systems as mammalian blood vessels, plant vascular systems, and insect tracheal tubes.
The 1997 Science paper by West et al. demonstrates that quarter-power scaling exponents of body mass are predictable for 26 variables in mammalian cardiovascular and respiratory systems--such as radius of the aorta and trachea, velocity of blood and air, and cardiac and respiratory frequency--showing only occasional, small deviations when compared to empirical observations. The recent paper in Nature extends this work into plant ecology. For 12 orders of plant magnitude, it shows that the rate of energy use of individuals determines plant density in a given environment. This contradicts the traditional "thinning law," which states that the geometric volume and area filled by individual plants is what determines how many plants can occupy a field or forest.3 Enquist and colleagues have shown that a plant's ability to crowd out others in competition for resources is not what determines density. Rather, the ability of the individual plant to use available resources, regardless of its size, is what counts.
Neither the old nor the new model can predict what sizes and densities of plants will occur as the plant population thins in an agricultural field or other environment. But the new model demonstrates that, both within single species and across different species, plants of all sizes can achieve the same rates of local resource use, just as animals can. This principle, called energy equivalence, "may thus be one of the most widespread of ecological regularities," University of Santa Barbara evolutionary biologist John D. Damuth wrote, also in the Sept. 10 Nature.4
Damuth cautions that the model is general, and needs to be bolstered by more empirical studies. The mathematical relationship between population density and metabolism across taxa is not a coincidence, he says. "What we don't understand is why there should be that relationship." Density scaling is not simply a question of metabolism, he thinks, because the extra variable involved is how much energy is available. What prevents evolution from producing species that violate the energy equivalence relationship?
"Only a very few variables determine much of what's happening," West says. "The fact that you're competing out there plays a relatively minor role in much of this." Nevertheless, he acknowledges that theirs is a "Garden of Eden model," because as organisms grow to maximal size, competition for food does become increasingly important.
All figures by Brian Evans/lightSpace
BRANCHING AND SCALING: The small box in each of the above images illustrates the next generation of organism growth, as magnified consecutively in pictures A through E.
A paper they now are drafting applies the general principles to resource transport in plant vascular networks. It makes numerous predictions for allometric exponents and includes calculations showing that the maximum height of trees is about 100 meters, due to hydrodynamic and biomechanical constraints. Future work will address maximal size for mammals living on land, although that will be more complex because of the biomechanics of motion. Competition for food plays a significant role, West says.
Another way the model is idealized is that complications such as irregularities of vessels, turbulence, or nonlinear effects are seen as having only minor impact on the dynamics of a distribution network. Nor is the fractal branching of the network consistent in all organisms at all phases of development. For example, blood vessel development in embryos does not follow an exact fractal pattern. But a paper published after the general model was introduced confirms that deviations from perfect fractal geometries do not appreciably change the predictions and applications of the model.5
Another goal is to show that quarter-power scaling extends to 27 orders of magnitude, beyond the unicellular level into the respiratory complexes of cellular mitochondria. Presumably, the same physical mechanisms arising from the scaling laws would be at work in the mitochondria, though they wouldn't have distribution systems that look like, say, circulatory systems. The researchers hope to find out what the network does look like, and how energy is transported within mitochondria. They are working on this project with Los Alamos biochemist William H. Woodruff, who will help to structure experiments that can demonstrate the viability of the intracellular model once it is completed.
So far, the team suspects that the cell and the interior of its mitochondria could have hierarchical branching in their diffusion surfaces, through which nutrients and energy are transported. They have shown that mitochondrial density scales at the organismal mass to the minus one-quarter power, and they hope to determine how the cell's surface area scales with its mass. As the final branch of the network, the respiratory complex is size-invariant; West says this implies that mitochondria also are size-invariant. However, as the scale ascends from that level, cells do not have to have the same metabolic rate, a variance that is accommodated by their model.
Practical applications of the model could involve the introduction of major deviations, such as replacing some of the uniform elasticity of the tubes with hardening or blockage, as in cardiovascular conditions


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Homeschool High School Health and Nutrition Course
Students who study a high school health course in their homeschool gain an awareness of how they can actively promote a healthy lifestyle throughout all the stages of their lives. Health is something too many people often take for granted and address only when an issue occurs. It's also something that is typically related to physical function only, but in reality, it is so much more.
Exploring Creation with Health and Nutrition
God's Design for Your Body, Mind, and Soul
This homeschool high school health and nutrition curriculum explores the physical, social, mental, and spiritual concepts that are needed for a healthy lifestyle. With detailed illustrations and photos, clear explanations, and enhanced readability, Exploring Creation with Health and Nutrition will prepare high school students for college-level studies as well as life beyond the classroom.
What Information You Will Find on This Page
Sample Video And Free Preview
General Overview of Apologia's Homeschool High School Health and Nutrition Course
Apologia developed Exploring Creation with Health and Nutrition to help high school students recognize that while they are each a unique individual in the entire history of the universe, there will always be layers of their lives that define, and sometimes dictate, just who they are in a given time period. Giving students the knowledge they need to navigate the different stages of their lives will help them see their lives are a gifted mystery. They are part of something even bigger than their physical, social, mental, and emotional context here on Earth. They are a spiritual being, created in the image of God.
How much of our lives is coded into our genetics; how much of it is learned; and how much of it do we choose? How do we navigate new experiences? With Apologia's homeschool health curriculum, students learn that as time passes, we all create and recreate who we are and how we interact with our world. Students will understand the subtle influences in their daily lives and begin to notice what roles those influences have on their interpretation of a situation.
General Topics Include:
- Practical topics include information on the things that students encounter every day, such as hydration and sleep. Realistic nutritional advice is presented in a form that allows students to take charge of their eating habits. And while most high school health courses only deal with physical health, Exploring Creation with Health and Nutrition recognizes that health is just as dependent on social, emotional, mental, and spiritual vitality.
- Exploring Creation with Health and
Nutrition,covers the difficult topics too. We live in a culture polluted by sexual dysfunction. Apologia designed this health curriculum totell the truth to teens about the beauty of married sex, the developing baby, and the joy of being parents. We warn teens about the dalliance into immodesty, pornography, and casual sexual activity.
- Apologia also recognizes that some teens struggle, so we tackled the topics in a way that is gentle on the young person who struggles with mental illness, with a disability, or a poor prognosis. We emphasize that each person must do the best he or she can with what is
givento them by God, who numbers our days. We even included a chapter on peace. We don't seek peace as Americans; we distract and entertain ourselves and miss the rewards of simple living. Too often we have to get old before we discover the secret to peace. Apologia wants students to know the importance of peace in their day-to-daylives.
Exploring Creation with Health and Nutrition is a high school health curriculum that can help teens avoid the pitfalls in life, take advantage of God's provision, and recognize God's incredible love for us in His design of our bodies.
Please note: Exploring Creation with Health and Nutrition is a full health textbook for high school. Some students may not be mature enough to discuss some of the topics. The reproductive systems are covered in detail, including accurate, yet respectful, illustrations and descriptions. We respectfully discuss the act of marriage, sexual misconduct, pregnancy, and sexually transmitted diseases. We discuss alcohol and drug abuse, depression, pornography and other topics that also require maturity. Please use your knowledge of your students to decide when this homeschool health and nutrition high school course is appropriate for their maturity levels.
Topics Covered in this Homeschool High School Health and Nutrition Course
At the core of this high school health curriculum is the understanding that humans are created in the image of the one, true God and are His image-bearers. As such, we are to steward His gifts to us with excellence. It is not an anatomy and physiology text, but this course covers the basics of how nutrients are absorbed by the body and which ones are essential to our diet. It is not a Bible study, but the author explains that a relationship with God through His Son, Jesus Christ, is the only way to have true peace in life.
- Why health matters
- Physical influences on thoughts and feelings
- Mental & emotional health
- Healthy interpersonal relationships
- Communication skills and conflict resolution skills
- Human body systems
- Digestion, nutrition, and hydration
- The five senses
- Food science:
- Importance of diet and exercise
- Personal hygiene
- Alcohol and drug abuse
- The gift of reproduction
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Components of this Homeschool High School Health and Nutrition Curriculum
Exploring Creation with Health and Nutrition for high school grades does have over 50 projects, noted in the textbook and included in the student notebook. These projects cover materials such as nature versus nurture, personal temperament, good decision-making skills, boundary setting, analyzing food intake and activity levels, and many more. Project assignments, such as keeping a food journal and sleep journal, setting personal health goals are also included.
Students are graded on project completion and exams. Solutions are available for free on the Book Extras site for this title.
There are three components required to successfully complete this homeschool high school health and nutrition course:
- The student textbook contains all the health content that the student will study during the school year.
- The Student Notebook contains all the project instructions, study guides, and exams.
- The Test and Solutions Manual, made available for free on the course's Book Extras site, contains answers to the study guide and exams.
The Importance of a Student Notebook in a Homeschool Health and Nutrition Curriculum
Taking good notes while reading a high school science text can make the difference between mastering a concept and not quite understanding it. Good notes provide the following advantages:
- Students stay focused on what they are reading.
- Students pay closer attention, which will increase their retention.
- Students have their own version of the text to review for tests.
- Students learn to connect new information to what they already know.
The Student Notebook for our homeschool high school health and nutrition course are specifically designed to help students be independent and take responsibility for their science studies as they gain and maintain the personal abilities to create structure and logic through note taking.
Apologia Student Notebooks are strongly linked to their corresponding textbooks. They provide structured space for:
When During Their Homeschool Years Should High School Students Take This Health and Nutrition Course?
Apologia recommends that Exploring Creation with Health and Nutrition is best studied at the same time as biology in 9th grade. However, this is not a requirement. A maturity level, whether it be in middle school or high school, that can comprehend and sensibly discuss a whole-health course covering mature topics such as human sexuality and alcohol and drug abuse
Apologia's Exploring Creation with Health and Nutrition is not only teen-approved, but it's also my teen's favorite subject. And, not just this year. It's her all-time favorite in her entire homeschooled existence!
Receive the Free Guide to Apologia Science and How to Write a Lab Report homeschooling resources from Apologia


Dear readers, today we are going to talk about articulated dumpers, and more precisely we wish to give you a few tips on how to decide if an ADT suits your needs.
The worst mistake one can make is thinking that it doesn't matter whether to use a rigid or an articulated dumper (ADT) for transporting material. It's true that both have great load capacity, but each of them has some peculiar features and specifications. So, before choosing the vehicle to buy, identify the jobs that the ADT will have to carry out. And keep in mind the following points:
 1. Performing operations efficiently
ADTs have been designed to rapidly and safely move large quantities of material, minimizing the cost per ton of the transported material. Compared to rigid dumpers and other earthmoving vehicles, ADTs work well on soft terrain, and usually they are the first to be used in development stage at a site, when ground conditions are the least favorable ones. Choosing the right ADT can help you increase productivity and optimize haulage times.
 1. Choosing the right loading equipment
The question is: How can you increase productivity limiting the number of travels? Well, if you choose an ADT with the right loading equipment, so operators don't have to wait too long between one and another loading operation.
 1. Scheduled maintenance
We all know the cost of machine downtime, especially if due to equipment failure. The solution is to act before something happens: a special maintenance program is essential to keep your vehicle's performance unchanged and to ensure a longer life-cycle. So, before you make your decision about which ADT to buy, check that you can easily reach the engine compartment and the transmission. Regularly check:
 - the lubrication system to avoid failure due to lack of grease.
 - the tire pressure and tire wear.
 - the engine temperature to avoid damages and expensive repairs.
To prevent unpleasant accidents, you can address to companies that are specialized in scheduled maintenance, and observe also the other maintenance recommendations.
 1. Increasing versatility through more options and accessories
ADTs can be equipped with accessories to increase their potential. Some models have a heating kits that are essential in the coldest season, because it helps moving the engine exhaust through the exhaust body channels, avoiding possible freezing. The cold start-up kit and the heated rear-view mirrors are other useful options for ADTs employed in areas with particularly harsh winters.
 1. Choosing the right tire depending on the application
An important topic we often deal with. Always choose the tires that are suitable for both the equipment and the application. Never undervalue this aspect. By the way...
BKT recommends…
ADTs require extremely resistant and performing tires to support heavy loads. Earthmax SR 41 has been specifically designed for this task. It's a radial tire with an All Steel structure - ideal for all those operations that require traction and stability on particularly tough terrains.
This tire boasts a deep tread class E-4/L-4, which not only increases the tire life-cycle, but also provides maximum resistance to punctures and foreign matters.
Made of the BKT's latest-generation compounds, this tire is available in two different versions: with a cut resistant compound for terrains full of debris of various kind and with a standard compound for mixed applications requiring well-balanced performance.
In short, Earthmax SR 41 is the right tire for your articulated dumpers. Discover the available sizes on our website.
How to choose the right ADT for haulage operations? 2


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KRWG.ORG-The Region's Home Page
Mon March 12, 2012
Aging U.S. Carrier Enterprise Heads For Final Deployment
USS Enterprise, the world's first nuclear-powered aircraft carrier, is beginning the last deployment in her storied 50-year career on the frontlines of American sea power.
Known as the "Big E", she was among the vessels dispatched to the waters off Cuba during the October 1962 missile crisis with orders from President Kennedy to enforce an air and sea blockade of the island nation.
Subsequently, Enterprise served in support of the war in Vietnam and played a key role in the evacuation of Saigon in 1975. She was also made famous by the 1986 film Top Gun starring Tom Cruise.
But, five decades of steaming to the world's hotspots has taken its toll on Enterprise, which suffers from such mundane malfunctions as stuck valves and decaying electrical equipment, Capt. William Hamilton, the ship's commander, told Stars and Stripes:
"Something that was working a month ago and you turn it on – you have no idea that something is going to be wrong," he said.
The Enterprise name, by the way, has been associated with several famous vessels through American history, including two during the Revolutionary War and a 12-gun schooner that fought in the Quasi-War with France and later in the First Barbary War.
Another carrier Enterprise, which was at the Battle of Midway in June 1942 and many of the major fights in the Pacific campaign, was the most decorated U.S. ship of World War II. At one point, she was the only functioning U.S. carrier in the Pacific after the Japanese navy had either damaged or destroyed all the others in the early fighting.
And, of course, the name Enterprise resonates with fans of the science fiction franchise Star Trek.
USS Enterprise, CVN-65, will be officially deactivated on Dec. 1.


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Center for Peripheral Neuropathy
a/k/a: JMCPN
University of Chicago
5841 South Maryland Ave, MC 2030
Chicago, IL 60637
The Center for Peripheral Neuropathy was established in 2001 as a part of the University of Chicago's Division of Biological Sciences. It is dedicated to educating the public and healthcare providers about peripheral neuropathy, a family of disorders caused when nerves are damaged or destroyed and can't send messages from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles, skin, and other parts of the body. Both basic and clinical research is conducted at the center to identify the causes and potential cures for these disorders. Treatment for peripheral neuropathies is also provided at the center.