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Socket.SendFile Method (String)
Sends the file fileName to a connected Socket object with the UseDefaultWorkerThread transmit flag.
Namespace: System.Net.Sockets
Assembly: System (in System.dll)
public void SendFile(
 string fileName
Type: System.String
A String that contains the path and name of the file to be sent. This parameter can be null.
The socket is not connected to a remote host.
The Socket object has been closed.
The Socket object is not in blocking mode and cannot accept this synchronous call.
The file fileName was not found.
This overload sends the file fileName to the connected socket. The flags parameter defaults to UseDefaultWorkerThread (0), and the preBuffer and postBuffer parameters default to null. If fileName is in the local directory, it may be identified with just the name of the file; otherwise, the full path and name of the file must be specified. Wildcards ("..\\myfile.txt") and UNC share names ("\\\\shared directory\\myfile.txt") are supported. If the file is not found, the exception FileNotFoundException is thrown.
This method uses the TransmitFile function found in the Windows Sockets 2 API. For more information about the TransmitFile function and its flags, see the Windows Sockets documentation in the MSDN Library.
SendFile synchronously sends a file to the remote host specified in the Connect or Accept method. SendFile can be used for both connection-oriented and for connectionless protocols.
If you are using a connectionless protocol, you must call Connect before calling this method, otherwise SendFile throws a SocketException exception. If you are using a connection-oriented protocol, you must either use Connect to establish a remote host connection or use Accept to accept an incoming connection.
If you are using a connection-oriented protocol, SendFile blocks until the file is sent. In nonblocking mode, SendFile may complete successfully before the entire file has been sent. There is no guarantee that the data you send will appear on the network immediately. To increase network efficiency, the underlying system may delay transmission until a significant amount of outgoing data is collected. A successful completion of the SendFile method means that the underlying system has had room to buffer your data for a network send.
The following code example creates and connects a socket and then sends a file to the remote host. The file "test.txt" is located in the root directory of the local machine.
// Establish the local endpoint for the socket.
IPHostEntry ipHost = Dns.GetHostEntry(Dns.GetHostName());
IPAddress ipAddr = ipHost.AddressList[0];
IPEndPoint ipEndPoint = new IPEndPoint(ipAddr, 11000);
// Create a TCP socket.
Socket client = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork,
 SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
// Connect the socket to the remote endpoint.
// There is a text file test.txt located in the root directory.
string fileName = "C:\\test.txt";
// Send file fileName to remote device
Console.WriteLine("Sending {0} to the host.", fileName);
// Release the socket.
.NET Framework
.NET Framework Client Profile
Supported in: 4, 3.5 SP1
© 2014 Microsoft


🔰Sunday, 20 September 2020🔰 - Vocabulary
1. SEGREGATION (NOUN): (अलगाव): separation
Synonyms: setting apart, isolation
Antonyms: integration
Example Sentence:
The segregation of pupils with learning difficulties was done.
2. ENTANGLE (VERB): (उलझाना):
Synonyms: entwine, tangle
Antonyms: disentangle
Example Sentence:
Fish attempt to swim through the mesh and become entangled.
3. BATTER (VERB): (मारना):
Synonyms: pound, buffet
Antonyms: aid
Example Sentence:
A prisoner was battered to death with a table leg.
4. COLLABORATE (VERB): (सहयोग करना): fraternize
Synonyms: conspire collude
Antonyms: resist
Example Sentence:
During the last war they collaborated with the Nazis.
5. DISSEMINATION (NOUN): (प्रसार): spreading
Synonyms: circulation distribution
Antonyms: eradicate
Example Sentence:
The dissemination of public information was very necessary.
6. RETRACT (VERB): (वापस लेना): pull in
Synonyms: draw in, pull back
Antonyms: extend
Example Sentence:
She retracted her hand as if she'd been burnt.
7. APACE (ADVERB): (झटपट):
Synonyms: fast, swiftly
Antonyms: slowly
Example Sentence:
Work always continues apace.
8. REVIVAL (NOUN): (पुनस्र्त्थान):
Synonyms: rallying, betterment
Antonyms: downturn
Example Sentence:
A revival in the fortunes of the party was a good news for all.
9. PREDICAMENT (NOUN): (कठिन परिस्थिति): mess
Synonyms: difficulty, issue
Antonyms: advantage
Example Sentence:
The club's financial predicament was evident.
10. SURGE (VERB): (वृद्धि होना):
Synonyms: grow, escalate
Antonyms: decrease
Example Sentence:
Shares surged to a new high.
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text:
RADIUS: Secure Authentication Services at Your Service
RADIUS ensures that remote users are who they say they are, keeps track of their network usage, and secures your network infrastructure from intrusion. Learn how deploying RADIUS in-house or as a managed service can benefit you and your company's network.
Isn't it wonderful that we can connect to ISPs or office networks from anywhere, using any access technology? Have you ever wondered how ISPs and office networks know whether or not a user has a legitimate account? And how does a provider keep track of a user's access time anyway? The answer is very likely RADIUS, the most widely deployed example of an Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting system (sometimes called AAA systems).
RADIUS is a set of AAA standards that has been implemented by many vendors. It has been around for ages, quietly providing services that keep networks secure from unauthorized use. Let's delve in and learn more about this useful capability and how it can benefit you and your company's network.
Thirty years ago, ARPANET, the predecessor to the Internet, was built to permit dumb terminals to access remote computing resources. In the days before PCs and LANs, the hardwired connection between the terminal and computer was managed by a Terminal Interface Processor, or TIP. But even then, managers, developers, and users wanted to be able to work from home or on the road (dial-up via an acoustically-coupled modem). Bandwidth was scarce and expensive, and people wanted to protect the network, and the mainframes and minicomputers on it, from unauthorized access and possible disruption.
It quickly became apparent that the use of unlisted dial-in numbers was not a secure answer. Was there something that could be done to further protect the network from unauthorized access? TACACS, the original AAA system, was developed for the ARPANET to solve that problem. Later, commercial companies adopted and extended the technology in open and proprietary ways. With experience and the expanding use of data networks, the limitations of the original TACACS architecture became apparent.
RADIUS was originally developed by Steve Wilens of Livingston Enterprises and then later acquired by Lucent Technologies in 1992, and is now an IETF standard. The most recent version is RFC 2865 (June 2000), which covers both authentication and authorization. A companion IETF document, RFC 2866, describes how to extend RADIUS to implement accounting services.
What Is It Used For?
The need for AAA systems has grown tremendously over the years. Corporations (and carriers) still support dial-up lines of course, but now remote users also access networks via VPNs and broadband, while employees and guests connect to internal wireless networks simply by powering up their laptops and PCs. Today's AAA systems must be highly robust, scaleable, secure, and easily manageable to meet the needs of a modern IT environment.
Basic RADIUS implementations provide access control by authenticating end users and authorizing their requests, while extended implementations include user accounting. Depending on the RADIUS product, you can:
- Centrally administer access to your network resources, perhaps with fine control over access based on time of day or by regulating the number of simultaneous log-ins by a single user
- Utilize the function and information from your other access control systems, such as the Netware NDS and Windows Active Directory
- Allow your dial-in or VPN service vendors to query your access control database, so any changes you make are automatically available to them
- Create central summary or real-time reports that can audit usage for tracking and billing
If you have not already implemented RADIUS in your network, new technologies like wireless Ethernet should prompt you to consider it for the future.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Draw.io offers pre-built shapes, as well as raster and SVG images that you can pull in and use. This provides you with a lot of flexibility, but this approach has the downside that you can't style raster or SVG images, except these colors in SVG images. draw.io doesn't understand where to draw a shadow, which line(s) the line width applies to, etc.
Shapes can be edited by clicking the Edit shape button in the Style section of the Format Panel (Ctrl+Shift+P). Here is a description of the XML format. An instructional example that tries to demonstrate a number of elements and the XSD are also available.
The outer element is , that has attributes:
- "name", string, required. The stencil name that uniquely identifies the shape. Not used in draw.io currently.
- "w" and "h" are optional decimal view bounds. This defines your co-ordinate system for the graphics operations in the shape. The default is 100,100.
- "aspect", optional string. Either "variable", the default, or "fixed". Fixed means always render the shape with the aspect ratio defined by the ratio w/h. Variable causes the ratio to match that of the geometry of the current vertex.
- "strokewidth", optional string. Either an integer or the string "inherit". "inherit" indicates that the strokeWidth of the cell is only changed on scaling, not on resizing. If numeric values are used, the strokeWidth of the cell is changed on both scaling and resizing and the value defines the multiple that is applied to the width. Default is "1".
If you want to define specific fixed connection points on the shape use the element. Each element within connections defines a fixed connection point on the shape. Constraints have attributes:
- "perimeter", required. 1 or 0. 0 sets the connection point where specified by x,y. 1 Causes the position of the connection point to be extrapolated from the center of the shape, through x,y to the point of intersection with the perimeter of the shape.
- "x" and "y" are the position of the fixed point relative to the bounds of the shape. They can be automatically adjusted if perimeter=1. So, (0,0) is top left, (0.5,0.5) the center, (1,0.5) the center of the right hand edge of the bounds, etc. Values may be less than 0 or greater than 1 to be positioned outside of the shape.
- "name", optional string. A unique identifier for the port on the shape.
 and
The path of the graphics drawing is split into two elements, and . The split is to define which part any shadow applied to the shape is derived from (the background). This, generally, means the background is the line tracing of the outside of the shape, but not always.
Any stroke, fill or fillstroke of a background must be the first element of the foreground element, they must not be used within . If the background is empty, this is not required.
Because the background cannot have any fill or stroke, it can contain only one , , or element (or none). It can also not include , or .
Note that the state, styling and drawing in mxGraph stencils is very close in design to that of HTML 5 canvas. Tutorials on this subject, if you're not familiar with the topic, will give a good high-level introduction to the concepts used.
Rendering within the foreground and background elements has the concept of state. There are two types of operations other than state save/load, styling and drawing. The styling operations change the current state, so you can save the current state with and pull the last saved state from the state stack using .
The elements that change colors within the current state all take a hash prefixed hex color code ("_TAG_").
- , this sets the color that drawing paths will be rendered in when a stroke or fillstroke command is issued.
- , this sets the color that the inside of closed paths will be rendered in when a fill or fillstroke command is issued.
- , this sets the color that fonts are rendered in when text is drawn.
 defines the degree of transparency used between 1.0 for fully opaque and 0.0 for fully transparent.
 defines the integer thickness of drawing elements rendered by stroking. Use fixed="1" to apply the value as-is, without scaling.
 is "1" for dashing enabled and "0" for disabled.
When is enabled the current dash pattern, defined by , is used on strokes. dashpattern is a sequence of space separated "on, off" lengths that define what distance to paint the stroke for, then what distance to paint nothing for, repeat... The default is "3 3". You could define a more complex pattern with "5 3 2 6", for example. Generally, it makes sense to have an even number of elements in the dashpattern, but that's not required.
, and are best explained by the Mozilla page on Canvas styling (about halfway down). The values are all the same except we use "flat" for linecap, instead of Canvas' "butt".
For font styling there are:
- , an integer,
- , an ORed bit pattern of bold (1), italic (2) and underline (4), i.e bold underline is "5",
- , is a string defining the typeface to be used.
Most drawing is contained within a element. Again, the graphic primitives are very similar to that of HTML 5 canvas.
- to attributes required decimals (x,y).
- to attributes required decimals (x,y).
- to required decimals (x2,y2) via control point required decimals (x1,y1).
- to required decimals (x3,y3), via control points required decimals (x1,y1) and (x2,y2).
- , this doesn't follow the HTML Canvas signatures, instead it's a copy of the SVG arc command. The SVG specification documentation gives the best description of its behaviors. The attributes are named identically, they are decimals and all required.
- ends the current subpath and causes an automatic straight line to be drawn from the current point to the initial point of the current subpath.
In addition to the graphics primitive operations there are non-primitive operations. These provide an easy method to draw some basic shapes:
- , attributes "x", "y", "w", "h", all required decimals
- , attributes "x", "y", "w", "h", all required decimals. Also "arcsize" an optional decimal attribute defining how large, the corner curves are.
- , attributes "x", "y", "w", "h", all required decimals.
Note that these 3 shapes and all paths must be followed by either a fill, stroke, or fillstroke.
 elements have the following attributes:
- "str", the text string to display, required.
- "x" and "y", the decimal location (x,y) of the text element, required.
- "align", the horizontal alignment of the text element, either "left", "center" or "right". Optional, default is "left".
- "valign", the vertical alignment of the text element, either "top", "middle" or "bottom". Optional, default is "top".
- "localized", 0 or 1, if 1 then the "str" actually contains a key to use to fetch the value out of mxResources. Optional, default is 0, unused in draw.io.
- "vertical", 0 or 1, if 1 the label is rendered vertically (rotated by 90 degrees). Optional, default is 0.
- "rotation", angle in degrees (0 to 360). The angle to rotate the text by. Optional, default is 0.
- "align-shape", 0 or 1, if 0 ignore the rotation of the shape when setting the text rotation. Optional, default is 1.
- "placeholders", 0 or 1, if 1 placeholders of the form %name% will be replaced with their values. Optional, default is 0.
 elements can either be external URLs, or data URIs, where supported (not in IE 7-). Attributes are:
- "src", required string. Either a data URI or URL.
- "x", "y", required decimals. The (x,y) position of the image.
- "w", "h", required decimals. The width and height of the image.
- "flipH" and "flipV", optional 0 or 1. Whether to flip the image along the horizontal/vertical axis. Default is 0 for both.
Sub-shapes (only supported for built-in shapes in draw.io)
 allow stencils to be rendered within the current stencil by referencing the sub-stencil by name. Attributes are:
- "name", required string. The unique shape name of the stencil.
- "x", "y", "w", "h", required decimals. The (x,y) position of the

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


The Impact of Religion Develops
Cardinal Georges Marie Martin Cottier who has officiated as religious affairs advisor for Pope in Vatican stated that the impact of the religion is increasing world wide. During his speech at The Religions and The Civil Authority Conference organized in Rome, he said: "In recent years, we bear witness a religious revival throughout the world. The impact of the religion increases while improving in a positive way thanks to the globalization. Considering the various identifications as reasons of conflict should not be allowed anymore."
2010-03-13 00:00:00
© 1994 Harun Yahya. -


text:
Questions about multiple colors or channels gradually blended together. A rainbow is an example of a natural gradient.
A gradient is the outcome of blending multiple colors or channels gradually together. A rainbow is an example of a gradient.
The most common types of gradients are linear, radial, angle, reflected and diamond:
Web 2.0 gradients
"Web 2.0" gradients are usually described as either:
- Sharp gradients, ie. gradients that have a color stop between two colors without any blending (see e.g. the angle gradient at 12 o'clock under "Common types").
⇒ To make the object look glossy.
- Subtle gradients, where colors either blend very slowly or where the blended colors are close together.
⇒ To give the object texture.
Some examples of gradients that could be described as "web 2.0 gradients":
Using transparency instead of a color gives the image/object a fading effect:
(Image by _USER_)


text:
Breakthrough in hydrogen energy generation, storage and transportation made
Renewable energy company EPRO Advance Technology (EAT) has announced a crucial breakthrough process in green hydrogen energy that generates large amounts of ultra-pure hydrogen on demand, while also solving the long-standing challenges of the mass storage, transportation and safe handling of hydrogen.
EAT has developed a revolutionary porous silicon material, known as Si+, which has the ability to generate ultra-pure hydrogen from a water source and which acts as a solid-state hydrogen generating material – one that is compact, robust and easily transportable – solving many of the issues that have inhibited the growth of the hydrogen economy.
Since Si+ offers a guaranteed source of safe on-demand energy, it has multiple uses. It can facilitate the phasing out of expensive back-up power diesel generator sets (gensets), it is an ideal replacement for marine fuel oil which is due to be phased out next year and it also offers a thermal energy storage solution through the exothermic heat that is released during the Si+ hydrogen generation reaction. Furthermore, Si+ will support the mass roll out of hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles and, ultimately, hydrogen-powered flights.
"Si+ is the first distributable, long duration energy storage material of grid parity," said Albert Lau, CEO of EAT, "It represents a significant breakthrough of green hydrogen energy, and it will transform hydrogen from the fuel of the future to the fuel of tomorrow."
"Si+ technology has the potential to bring forward the hydrogen economy by decades. It can allow us to fully exploit our natural resources, delivering hydrogen safely to locations of need through existing infrastructure and transport systems," he said, during a webcast where he carried out a demonstration of the on-demand hydrogen generating properties of Si+, powering up a 5kW fuel cell.
Showing that Si+ can be used to generate hydrogen from a water source, Mr Lau said "You could compare our inert vacuum-packed Si+ cartridges to those coffee machine pods and capsules where you just add water, and you release the product!"
Si+ allows intercontinental energy distribution to local, on-demand hydrogen generators and hydrogen refuelling stations using existing infrastructure. Traditional container logistics can be used to deliver Si+ rather than expensive pressurised tube trailers, thereby reducing the up-front capital expenditure.
A liquid hydrogen tanker ship can transport 88.5 tonnes of hydrogen. A standard 20-foot equivalent container can carry 2.7 tonnes of this 'solid-state' hydrogen, which means that just 33 containers is equivalent to the full liquid hydrogen tanker's maximum delivery capacity. Unlike other solid-state hydrogen compounds, Si+ doesn't store hydrogen. That's because the hydrogen comes from water, making Si+ ultra-safe compared with other 'hydrogen carrying' materials.
Small Si+ hydrogen refuelling stations which generate hydrogen locally can share the footprint of an existing fuel station, dramatically reducing capital and operational expenditure at those sites. Si+ offers an indefinite shelf life too and the benign silicates produced from the hydrogen generation are used directly for the manufacturing of high value green cements and zeolites.
The raw material of Si+ is metallurgical grade silicon, which be sourced from something as vastly abundant as sand, together with a carbon source, but also from recycled silicon from broken or end-of-life solar panels, most of which currently head to landfill, especially important to Si+ and its carbon footprint since the process doesn't produce any new carbon.
Si+ facilitates a guaranteed form of energy when compared with renewable energy, which is intermittent, and its carbon footprint is in the range of low carbon to carbon negative. Si+ functions particularly well in locations of inadequate grid infrastructure, such as Africa, where fossil fuels are used to generate 40% of electricity. Si+ therefore supports green transition.
"In replacing diesel-powered gensets, portable power sources that use a motor to generate electricity in an emergency, Si+ can truly be described as the green mirror-image of diesel fuel," said Mr Lau, "A 4MVA back-up genset combusts 18,000 litres of fuel a year in standard maintenance alone – according to laws of Hong Kong – producing 47 tonnes of carbon dioxide per annum. Si+ would eliminate that fuel, cost and pollution."
Commercial and strategic partnerships with organisations in Japan, China and Hong Kong have already been established by EAT and future commercial developments of the Si+ process include delivering domestic gensets in Europe next year and commercial / stationary gensets to be trialled in the construction industry in Hong Kong. The system is being reviewed by the Hong Kong Airport Authority as possible replacements of its backup gensets and in setting up an Si+ Hydrogen Refuelling Station at Hong Kong International Airport.
"It's my belief that the possibilities of Si+ are limitless. And we now need partners who specialize in several fields to construct what I call the Si+ universe. That means collaborations with the renewable energy generation industry, fuel station operators, construction organisations, desalination companies, logistics groups and more," he added.
"With this announcement today, I hereby call upon those who want to share my vision to construct the Si+ universe together, to help effect this green transition, to achieve net zero and to help us avoid a climate disaster."


.The # character is now equivalent to $chan in remote events. 115./ulist now displays results in current window. 116.Specifying zero for the N parameter in $mid(text,S,N) now returns the number of characters from S to the end of the line. 117.Extended the /window command with the following switches: /window [-abcdefhl[N]norsx] [-tN,..,N] [+bfmnstx] etc... -f indicates that [w h] width and height is the required size of the text/graphic display area instead of the window size. -h hides the custom window (only appears in Windows list). -lN specifying a number after the l listbox switch now creates a custom window with a listbox N characters wide on the side (like a channel window). Note: The -l switch can be used in custom window related commands eg. aline, to reference this listbox. You can use $line(_USER_,N,T) where T is 0 if you are referring to the text display or 1 if you are referring to the listbox. The old format $line(_USER_,N) is still supported. [-tN,..,N] specify tabstops (in characters) for a listbox window. If you add text which contains tabs to the listbox, the text is aligned according to these tabstops. [+bfnstx] modify the window appearance. b = border f = dialog frame n = minimize box s = sizable t = titlebar x = maximize box 118.Added /resetidle command to reset $idle timer to 0. 119.on INPUT event can now use wildcard text for window name. 120.Added Close Window Alt+Z menu item to Window menu. 121.Added new on OPEN/CLOSE event which triggers when a window is opened or closed. The behavior of this event is slightly different depending on the type of window. on 1:OPEN:?|@|=|!|*:echo opened $target on 1:CLOSE:?|@|=|!|*:echo closed $target Channels: are not handled by these events, they are handled by the on JOIN/PART events. Queries: on OPEN triggers if an incoming message is about to open a new query window. on CLOSE triggers if you close a query window. Chat/Fserve: on OPEN triggers when a connection is made. on CLOSE triggers when a connection is closed. Custom: on OPEN never triggers since you manually open a /window anyway. on CLOSE triggers if you close a custom window. Note: on CHATOPEN/CHATCLOSE/QUERYOPEN/QUERYCLOSE/SERVOPEN/SERVCLOSE events are now obsolete, if you load a script that uses them mIRC will (try to) translate them into the new format. 122.Added -h switch to /echo command which forces text to hard wrap. 123.Specifying line 0 with $read eg. $read -l0, now returns the value of the first line if it is a number. 124.Fixed remote identifiers not evaluating inside custom identifiers. 125.Added faster indexing for menu {} definitions in scripts. 126.The Text editor now warns you if it was unable to display the whole of a file in the editbox. 127.Added -p switch to the /window command, opens a new type of custom window for displaying pictures/graphics/text/etc. See below for the commands/identifiers available for use with this window. /drawdot -ihnr @ [...] Draws a dot in the specified colour and size at the specified x,y co-ordinates (multiple co-ordinates can be provided). The -i switch draws in inverse mode. The -h switch highlights the windows icon if it's minimized. The -n switch prevents the display from being updated immediately. You can specify any of the /draw commands with only a window name to update the display (allows you to make changes in the background and then display the result when you're finished). The -r switch indicates that the colour is in RGB format. You can use $rgb(N,N,N) to create an RGB value. You can clear the whole window with /clear _USER_. /drawline -inr @ [...] This draws a line from the first co-ordinate to the second, if more co-ordinates are specified, the line is continued. /drawrect -ihnrfec @ [...] This draws a rectangle of at the specified co-ordinates of the specified width and height. If more co-ordinates are specified these are also drawn as separate rectangles. The -f switch fills the rectangle with the current colour. The -e switch draws an Ellipse instead of a rectangle. The -c switch draws a focus rectangle. /drawfill -ihnrs @ [filename] [...] This fills an area with the specified colour starting at the specified co-ordinates. If the -s switch is specified, this means that the second colour parameter is the colour that should be filled. If no -s is specified, the second colour is the border colour at which filling should stop. The optional [filename] specifies a bitmap.BMP file that is 8 by 8 pixels in size and is used as a fill pattern. /drawtext -hnrpboc @ [colour] [fontname fontsize] This draws text at the specified co-ordinates. The -p switch processes and interprets colour/bold/etc. codes in the text. The -b switch indicates that you have specified a second colour as the background colour for the text. The -o switch means the specified font should be in bold. The -c switch means that you have specified the [w h] values as the rectangle in which text should be printed. Text will be clipped if it extends beyond this rectangle. /drawscroll -hn @ [...] This scrolls the region inside the specified rectangle. The first and parameters represent the distance to scroll and can be positive or negative. /drawcopy -ihnt @ [colour] @ This copies part of a picture to a different position in the same window or to another window. If the second [w h] parameters are specified, the picture is stretched/squeezed to fit. The -t switch indicates that you have specified a [colour] RGB value as a transparent colour in the source bitmap. /drawpic -ihntsc @ [colour] [x y w h] This loads and draws a Bitmap.BMP picture at the specified co-ordinates. If the first [w h] are specified, it is stretched or squeezed to fit. The second [x y w h] rectangle specifies which portion of the loaded bitmap should be displayed ie. a bitmap could contain multiple pictures. The -t switch indicates that you have specified a [colour] RGB value as a transparent colour in the specified bitmap. The -s switch indicates that you have specified the first [w h] parameters (as explained above) to squeeze/stretch the bitmap. The -c switch indicates that the bitmap should be CACHED. This greatly speeds up subsequent references to this bitmap. If you specify -c and the bitmap is already in the cache, it is loaded and used from the cache, otherwise it is reloaded from the file. You can clear the entire cache with /drawpic -c. If you try to load and cache a bitmap and there are already 30 bitmaps in the cache, the bitmap with the lowest reference count is freed and replaced by the new bitmap. If you try to load a bitmap and there isn't enough memory, mIRC repeatedly frees the least referenced bitmap and tries to load again. $pic(filename).size,width,height This returns the size, width, and height of a bitmap file. menu @ { mouse:/echo mouse moved at $mouse.x $mouse.y sclick:/echo single click at $mouse.x $mouse.y dclick:/echo double click at $mouse.x $mouse.y drop:/echo drag and drop at $mouse.x $mouse.y } The mouse event is triggered when you move a mouse inside a picture window. You can use the $mouse identifier (below) for the x and y position of the mouse. The sclick event is triggered when you click inside a picture window. It will trigger even if you double-click. The dclick event is triggered when you double-click inside a picture window. $mouse.x,.y,.key The $mouse identifier can be used in the mouse/click events. For $mouse.key you can use the & bitwise operator to check if the left button, shift key, and/or control key are pressed. eg. if ($mouse.key & 1) echo left button is pressed $click(@,N).x,.y This stores a history of x,y clicks for a window. You can use /clear -c @ to clear the history of clicks for a window. If you use $click() with no properties it returns x y. $inrect(x,y,x,y,w,h) This returns $true if the point x y is in the specified rectangle, and $false if it isn't. $rgb(N,N,N) This returns an RGB value for use in the above commands. If you use only ONE parameter, it assumes it is an actual RGB value and returns N,N,N. $getdot(@,x,y) This returns the RGB value of the pixel at the specified position. 128.Added Control-F Find text search dialog for use in text windows. 129.Fixed /ignore -p ignoring a users actions to a channel instead of only in private messages. 130.Fixed channel listbox selection bug, was leading to items in listbox being selected spuriously in certain situations. 131.Added identifiers $sin(N), $asin(N), $cos(N),


text:
PG CERTIFICATE IN GEOINFORMATICS
About This Programme:
The School of Sciences has developed the Post Graduate Certificate Programme in Geoinformatics (PGCGI) with the help of several eminent experts across India drawn from ISRO, DRDO, IIT, C-DAC, DST, IITM and many private and government universities. The PGCGI programme intends to familiarise the learners with basic concepts of geoinformatics and its applications. It is built around concepts and skills at the basic level to make it easy for a learner who wishes to understand how geoinformatics can be put to practical use.
Objectives of the programme are to:
- provide theoretical knowledge and practical exercises in the basics of geoinformation science,
- acquaint the learners with spatial data, their analysis and applications, and
- widen opportunities of learners for higher studies and developing career in different sectors of employment involving geoinformatics.
Graduate in any discipline from a recognised university.
Rs.6000/- for full programme
Minimum 2 years and Maximum 5 years; offered in both January and July cycle of admission.
Medium of Instruction:
- MGY 1 – Introduction to Geoinformatics
- MGY 2 – Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation
- MGY 3 – Global Navigation Satellite System and Geographic Information System
- MGYL 4 – Geoinformatics Practical


text:
Smart Assistance to healthcare practitioners in fraud prevention
Summary of the entity:
List institute, a digital systems' expert. Based in Saclay (Paris region, France), List Institute is one of CEA Tech three technological research institutes constituting CEA technological Division. Dedicated to smart digital systems, our mission is to achieve technological development of excellence for our industrial partners and create value, with more than 200 industrial collaborations per year. List institute counts more than 750 partners and every year more than a 200 partnership activities are being conducted with French and foreign industrial companies on applied research projects in four main topics: Advanced Manufacturing, Embedded systems, Data intelligence and Health ionizing radiations
Summary of the challenge:
The goal is to avoid abuse from patients and customers and minimize the risk of fraud.
Stakeholder: Healthcare professionals
To avoid abuse from patients and customers and minimize the risk of fraud. As it is also the interest of healthcare professionals to promptly detect fraud, it is desirable a trustable collaboration where they can share data regarding patients' access to healthcare services and products.
For example, in the case of fraud detection of duplicate reimbursement requests, the four most important factors are whether the patient has changed clinicians between visits, what the diagnosis is at the third outpatient visit, what the interval between second and third outpatient visits is, and what the interval between the first and second in patient visits is.
Healthcare professionals are nonetheless also concerned in sharing this data in a lawful manner, which respects the rights and freedoms of patients. Strict compliance with personal data protection regulations such as GDPR is thus essential, as well as the means to prove in a straightforward manner this compliance.
- REACH Data Providers
- Open source datasets:
- To allow healthcare professionals to better collaborate with their patients' insurance companies, while preserving confidentiality and law compliance with respect to the shared data.
- To provide better value chain collaboration of healthcare practitioners with the insurance sector


What If Conveyance Deed Is Lost?
How do I find lost papers at home?
Call the last place you had the item if it was lost outside your home.
Review every place you've been to today and think of the last place you remember having the item.
Call them and ask to see if it's been turned in or found.
If not, call the other places you were at..
What happens when house deeds are lost?
If the deeds went missing or were destroyed while in the custody of a law firm or financial institution then, if satisfied with the evidence, the Land Registry will register the property with an absolute title. If not, then it is usually the case that the property will be registered with a possessory title.
How do I get a copy of my CC deed?
Apply for a Certified Copy of Sale Deed :You have to visit the Sub-Registrar office (SRO) where the property is registered and make an application to get a certified copy of Sale Deed.The Registration office has the scanned copy of your Sale Deed with them.More items…•
Does a deed mean you own the house?
How can property be lost?
70+ Ways to Lose Your PropertyForged deeds, mortgages, satisfactions, or releases.Deed by person who is insane or mentally incompetent.Deed by minor (may be disavowed)Deed from corporation, unauthorized under corporate by-laws or given under falsified corporate resolution.Deed from partnership, unauthorized under partnership agreement.More items…
What is EC in real estate?
What is conveyance deed in India?
A conveyance deed is essentially one wherein the seller transfers all rights to legally own, keep and enjoy a particular asset, immovable or movable. … On signing a conveyance deed, the original owner transfers all legal rights over the property in question to the buyer, against a valid consideration (usually monetary).
How can I download signed EC from Kaveri online?
How can I recover my lost land?
How long does a certified copy last for?
Who keeps the deeds to your house?
Do Solicitors Keep copies of deeds?
What if my sale deed is lost?
If the sale or purchase deed is misplaced, an indemnity bond needs to be furnished by the seller. If the sale deed is lost, you can obtain a duplicate certified copy from the concerned sub registrar's office.
Is a certified copy as good as the original?
How do I get certified documents?
1. check with the organisation that needs your ID to see if the Post Office staff are eligible to certify your documents. 2. If they can, Post office staff will take a photocopy of the original document and sign the document to certify that it's a true copy of the original.
How do I make a true copy of a document?
To certify a document simply take a photocopied copy and the original and ask the person to certify the copy by:Writing 'Certified to be a true copy of the original seen by me' on the document.Signing and dating it.Printing their name under the signature.Adding their occupation, address and telephone number.
What is certified copy of registered conveyance deed?
Aproperty title deed is the legal document that specifies the rights of a person on a particular property. … A certified copy can be used in place of the original deed to execute the transfer or sale or for any other purpose. Here is how to get a certified property title.
What is the difference between a copy and a certified copy?
A certified true copy is a special copy of an original document, made by a person such as a notary public, lawyer or commissioner. … A true copy is simply a copy made from an original document, without the certification attached to it.
What is the difference between a certified copy of a birth certificate and an original?
What do I do if I lost my original power of attorney?
Hi, if it is lost file a police complaint for missing documents and also public notice through paper publication. If it is a registered Power of Attorney, then you can obtain certified copies from the jurisdictional Sub-Registrar's Office.


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We are committed to an open source approach to humanizing schooling that will allow the maximum number of people to benefit from the practices and ideas that emerge from our anchor schools.
Towards this goal, People In Education thoroughly documents and evaluates our core practices. Through popular education tools and trainings, we share our lessons with a network of educators, youth, researchers and artists in Detroit and beyond.
This Toolkit is an online version of the "DFS Guide to Humanizing Schooling" – which includes lessons from our work in more than 30 Detroit classrooms over the past four years of PIE programming!
This guide is made up of three parts. In part one, we share the story of our work and how it has developed over time. In part two, we guide you through the "Rida Framework," our primary planning tool and the anchor of our work in the classroom. In part three, we lay out our "Root Practices" and resources through a series of how-to instructions and worksheets. We invite classrooms throughout Detroit and beyond to adapt and evolve these tools to make them their own.
CHECK OUT OUR TOOLS
Tools, best practices, and step-by-step curriculum planning exercises for educators.
Our curriculum planning tool for bringing community context to your classroom.
Some of our best classroom practices for cultivating the 11 Essential Skills.


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Census forms.
2.49 Since 2001, Census year Indigenous estimates have been produced concurrently with statistical local area (SLA) population estimates. This is so the Indigenous estimates better reflect undercount rates by Indigenous status and that SLA estimation by Indigenous status is not a post-hoc process. This is described in greater detail in Chapter 3 - Estimating population for statistical local areas
2.50 The process involved apportioning usual residence Census counts of persons with not-stated Indigenous status to Indigenous or non-Indigenous, by SLA, age, sex and Census form-type. Applied to these were synthetic net undercount adjustments by state/territory, age, sex and Indigenous status, then age structures adjusted to correspond to 30 June. SLA by Indigenous status estimates were finally derived through constraining by age and sex to synthetic capital city/balance of state/territory population estimates and SLA age-sex totals, adjusting for RTOs and backdating population components from Census date to 30 June.
2.51 For 30 June 2001, Australian and state/territory Indigenous estimates were'survived' back to 30 June 1991 using life tables. This method is known as the reverse survival method and assumes zero net internal and zero overseas migration.
2.52 For more information see Chapter 8 - Estimating the Indigenous population


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In Ubuntu (and any other Ubuntu-based distro), when you use a "sudo" command, the system will prompt you for your password. After the first "sudo" command, the system will remember your password for the next 15 minutes so you don't have to enter any more password for subsequent "sudo" command. If, however, you feel that the 15 minutes is a bit too long/short, here is how you can change it.
1. Open a terminal and type:
2. In the file that open, scroll down till you see the line:
Change it to
Defaults env_reset, timestamp_timeout=X
where X is the time (in minutes) that the sudo password will timeout. You can set X to the value you want.
- If you set X to "-1", it will revoke the password prompt, which is not advisable.
- If you set X to "0", the system will prompt you for password everytime you use the "sudo" command
3. Press "Ctrl + x" to exit. Don't forget to press "y" to save the changes.


_USER_{(Open Science Index):_URL_
 title = {Numerical Simulation of Conjugated Heat Transfer Characteristics of Laminar Air Flows in Parallel-Plate Dimpled Channels},
 author = {Hossein Shokouhmand and Mohammad A. Esmaeili and Koohyar Vahidkhah},
 country = {},
 institution = {},
 abstract = {This paper presents a numerical study on surface heat
transfer characteristics of laminar air flows in parallel-plate dimpled
channels. The two-dimensional numerical model is provided by
commercial code FLUENT and the results are obtained for channels
with symmetrically opposing hemi-cylindrical cavities onto both
walls for Reynolds number ranging from 1000 to 2500. The influence
properties of channel walls on heat transfer enhancement is
conjugation simulation indicate that the overall influence of the ratio
rate is not much significant and can be ignored.},
 journal = {International Journal of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering},
 volume = {5},
 number = {1},
 year = {2011},
 pages = {7 - 14},
 ee = {_URL_
 bibsource = {_URL_
 issn = {eISSN: _PHONE_},
 index = {Open Science Index 49, 2011},


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Twice a month, experts at the Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture answer your questions in a column called….
This month's question:
For how long have humans been living in Washington State?
Humans have inhabited Washington State for at least the past 13,000 years. This is based on archaeological material directly dated using radiocarbon techniques. The earliest evidence for human presence in North America, however, comes from an archaeological site just south of us in Paisley, Oregon. There, archaeologists identified fossilized human poop (known as coprolites) that date to 14,100 years ago.
The presence of Clovis points in Washington State suggests that the first people who entered North America passed through this region. Clovis is a particular type of projectile point, named for the town in New Mexico where they were first discovered. They are fluted spear points with an average length of about 7 to 10 cm long and typically date from about 13,000 to 12,700 years ago. Washington State contains one of the best-known Clovis caches in North America – the East Wentachee site. Over forty Clovis artifacts were recovered at that site, including the largest Clovis points ever found – 21 cm long and 6 cm wide! Clovis points have also been found in Cle Elum, the Cascade Mountains, along the Columbia River, Whidbey Island, and just south of Seattle. You can see the Clovis artifacts from East Wenatchee in the Burke's Life and Times of Washington State exhibit.
Other archaeological sites around the state indicate humans have been here for many thousands of years. The Marmes Rockshelter site in southeastern Washington, for example, dates to 13,000 years ago. The discovery of the ancient skeletal remains known as "Kennewick Man" or "The Ancient One" provides evidence of human presence along the Columbia River around 10,500 years ago.
Closer to home, the West Point site at Discovery Park documents an entire village that existed about 4,500 years ago. The contemporary ancestors of the West Point site include members of the Muckleshoot Indian Tribe, the Suquamish Tribe, and the Tulalip Tribes.
Got a question for next time?


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When you are looking to "manage" deer, it is very helpful to collect information that clues you into understanding deer numbers in your area and their impact on their habitat. Trail cameras can help estimate numbers of deer, and browse impact studies can help determine the impact they are having on their food source. If deer are overeating their food source, even without knowing "how many" deer there are, you should know that more does need to be harvested for the sake of the health of the herd. The deer browse impact survey is a great tool that gets out into the woods and helps you evaluate the level of impact deer are having. Below we cover some of the basics, however, there are links to articles with more details at the end of this blog.
In an ideal situation, you would plan to run the survey on around 500 acres of forest after snowmelt, but before green-up. But… who has 500 acres of contiguous forest? Chances are if you live in Southern Michigan, you don't. If you live in Northern Michigan, you may, but chances are you don't own all of it. For the sake of conversation, we will use 500 acres to describe the process, but feel free to tweak the process for your situation. For example, on my 12 acres (long and skinny), I simply ran two transects along the long borders of my land.
If you have 500 acres, you would want to have 5 lines (transects) each 1,000 feet apart and 1 mile long. (If you were so lucky to have 1,000 acres, you would have two sets of 5 transects.) Along each mile-long transect, you want to stop every 100 feet (so that you have about 52 plots/line) and evaluate the browse impact within a 4 foot radius at each plot.
Suggested Equipment: Briar proof clothing, clipboard and pencil, data form (see below), compass (traditional, not your smartphone) and a walking stick with 4 feet marked on it
- Picking transect locations: Ideally, the transects should cover multiple cover types and be as straight as possible. Using an aerial map to plan your transects is recommended. You will want to avoid swamps, ponds, etc. Work with your neighbors if possible.
- Team up with crews of at least 2 people.
- Once you have your equipment and your team, you want to plan a day after the snow has melted, but before the leaves have popped out. At the beginning of one of your lines, make your first plot evaluation. Look at the plants within a 4 foot radius and determine the browse impact of the plants between 6 inches off the ground and 6 feet off the ground (the height deer eat at). Document how heavily the stems are browsed on your data form (link below). Once you have documented your observations, count about 30 paces, or 100 feet. Then evaluate the next plot.
- As you are going along your transect, keep your eyes open for pellet piles. Tally how many you see. Once you have collected all the data, there is an equation on the form that will allow you to estimate the deer density on the property based on the pellet numbers you have.
To view a seminar on Deer Browse Impact Surveys, select the links below.
To learn more about the Deer Browse Survey, check out the article below.
QDMA Article "Over the Limit" about conducting a deer browse study.


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Known for its rich, dark fruit flavours, this wine starts with red-skinned grapes. The grapes are typically small in size with thick skins. Petit Verdot is most commonly used in Bordeaux-style blends to add flavour and colour. Its origins are hard to trace, but it is believed to date back as far as 18th century France.
Petit Verdot typically has black cherry, plum and blackberry flavours. It usually has high tannins and density, producing a colour that ranges from dark violet to almost black. Typically, once blended, Petit Verdot is hard to detect, however wines with a higher percentage of the grape will have aromas of vanilla, smoke, spice and cedar.
The grape itself is difficult to cultivate, making it a challenge for winemakers. The grape ripens much later than most other grapes that are used in Bordeaux blends, and its vines require careful handling. Because of this, during the 1960's, the usage of Petit Verdot in France began to decline. Winemakers preferred the reliability and structure of Cabernet Sauvignon. Today, Old and New World regions such as Canada, Australia, and the United States include Petit Verdot in their blends. Because of its high tannins and dark fruit and spice flavours, it pairs with richer dishes like grilled red meats, tomato-based pastas, or aged cheeses.
In summary, Petit Verdot has the following characteristics:
- Red-skinned red wine grape variety
- Grapes are small in size with thick skins
- Typically used in Bordeaux-style blends
- Dates back to 18th century France
- Adds rich, dark fruit flavours such as black cherry, plum, and blueberry
- High tannins with a dark violet colour
- Aromas of vanilla, smoke, spice and cedar
- Difficult to cultivate
- Decline in France in the 1960's
- Today it is used in blends from countries such as Canada, Australia, and the United States
- Pair with rich dishes that include red meat, tomato-based pastas, or aged cheeses


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Learn something new every day More Info... by email
Power line communication (PLC) is a technology that can allow data to be transmitted by an existing electricity infrastructure. Also known as broadband over power lines (BPL), power line communication can be used to create home networks or to provide high speed Internet services to end users. Each time the voltage in a power grid is stepped down between high tension lines, local distribution lines, and home or business users, different power line communication technologies may be required. As a delivery method for Internet service providers (ISPs), it may offer a cost effective way to provide high speed broadband to remote or sparsely populated areas. Home or business users may find PLC useful, as it can negate the need for a wireless router or a costly wired local network.
Electricity can be transmitted at a variety of different voltages, depending on the area being serviced and the distance that the lines cross. Long distance lines will typically have a very high voltage, while local distribution lines use a medium voltage, and the voltage is further reduced for home and business use. There are different forms of PLC technology for each of these situations, and a power grid may make use of one or all of them. The transformers used to step down the voltage between different levels of power distribution can interfere with the data signals, though this may be overcome with specialized converters.
In certain circumstances, it may be too expensive for a cable or telephone company to install the infrastructure necessary to serve their rural customers with broadband Internet access. The cost of installing expensive data infrastructure often must be offset by a particular number of users, and sparsely populated areas may not provide enough potential customers to justify the cost. One potential solution for this problem is power line communication, since it can use existing infrastructure to deliver broadband Internet access.
Home networks can also utilize certain forms of power line communication to replace existing network structures. A typical wired network can be costly to install, and wireless routers have drawbacks such as signal interference from walls, floors, and other objects. Power line networking can use the existing wiring in a home or business to transmit data. These systems typically involve an adapter that allows a modem to be connected to a power outlet via an Ethernet cable. Additional adapters can then be plugged into outlets around the home or business, allowing computers or other devices access to the network.


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Are There More Wild Animals Around Than Usual?
three basking sharks in irish waters near Kilkee
Photo by Simon Berrow
I don't know if it's the fact that human activity has slowed down drastically or if it is the fact that we have slowed down so that we have the space and time to actually pay attention, but it feels like there is way more wildlife around at the moment. From things as simple as the extra bird song in the early hours of the day to things as epic as the number of basking shark interactions on the west coast this year, it feels like wildlife is making a come back!
From the very early days of the lock down in China and Italy we started to see reports of wildlife coming into the cities. Sadly, these early events have proven to be mostly false. However, as the lock downs have spread and human activities have ground to a halt across the globe, these animal events have started to become real. Like the reports of the sea turtles nesting on Indian beaches after seven years absence. Apparently this isn't a direct link to the lockdown (See this article for more on this topic) but similar coincidences seem to be happening all over. Another such example are the dolphins, once again swimming, in the seas of the Bosphorus, usually one of the busiest shipping channels in the world.
a bird flying over a large body of water
Here is a fun BBC article about some of the other sightings from around the world!
But things are happening closer to home too. The number of sightings of basking sharks spotted near the Irish coasts seem much higher than in previous years. I've heard experts attribute this more to the fine weather we've been having than the lack of human activity, but again, such events are happening the world over.
After casual conversation with many different people, whom we know well, each and every one of them have individually mentioned an otter they saw while out on their daily walk, happening in many different places around the county on many different days. Otters are usually extremely wary of humans with sightings being rare enough. It sounds to me like they are venturing a little further, feeling a little safer now that fewer humans are around.
We saw an otter recently when we were out one glorious morning. It was about 9am, the sun was shining bright, the wind was barely a breath, and there among the rocks, basking in the calm sea, was a silky brown body twisting and curling, sliding through the water. It looked like it was absolutely loving life!
a man in a blue jacket standing in front of a bunch of cows in ireland
We've even started to notice the different moods of the sheep and cows in our local area. On our way into Tralee yesterday morning we saw a herd of cattle bathing in the morning sunshine. They looked truly delighted with themselves. However, while we were in town the weather changed for the worse. On our way back home, the wind was just starting to howl and the rain was pelting down. We saw the same herd standing as close together as possible, huddled under a bush for the small amount of shelter it could provide. This time, life didn't look so good and the cows' moroseness was palpable.
But back to the original question, I suppose it is a combination of the two. In the instance of the dolphins playing in the Bosphorus, it is clearly a matter of humans stopping their mad dash to and fro. In the instance of the local farm animals, it's a matter of us slowing down enough to become empathetic with the animals and their situation.
All in all, I love that we are giving wildlife a little more space to flourish. I truly hope that we can continue this trend when we do start to move around again. We have a wonderful opportunity to rethink and rework how we all live our lives. As we start to open up once more, I hope, from the bottom of my heart, that we take this opportunity and start making the more sustainable, holistic choice. It's a chance we didn't take 100 years ago, but it's an option that might genuinely save the planet for all of us in the years to come, the humans and animals alike.
a poem by kitty o'meara from the 1918 flu pandemic


Papua New Guinea 2 Kina banknote of 2007
22 May 2019 Wed
Papua New Guinea, in the southwestern Pacific, encompasses the eastern half of New Guinea and its offshore islands. A country of immense cultural and biological diversity, it's known for its beaches and coral reefs. Inland are active volcanoes, Granite Mt. Wilhelm, dense rainforest and hiking routes like the Kokoda Trail. There are also traditional tribal villages, many with their own languages.
Papua New Guinea is richly endowed with natural resources, including mineral and renewable resources, such as forests, marine, and in some parts agriculture. The kina is the official currency of Papua New Guinea and is divided into 100 Toea. The kina was introduced on 19 April 1975 and circulated along with the Australian dollar until 1 January 1976, when the dollar ceased to be legal tender.
On 19 April 1975, notes were introduced for 2, 5 and 10 kina that replaced the Australian dollar at par, so the colour scheme was the same. Today, we are looking at a 2 Kina banknote issued in the year 2007. The note specifications are as follows:
Obverse: Bird of Paradise - National Emblem symbolising National Unity to left; National Parliament Building to center; a melange of Tapa cloth from Central Province, a Mount Hagen axe, a Club from the Huon Gulf area, a clay pot from the Sepik, a shield from the Madang Area, a marriage bed from Manus Island, a shield from the Upper Sepik Region; A see-through bank logo.
Reverse: Mount Hagen axe, Kula arm band from the Milne Bay Province, engraved dog's teeth from the Bougainville area, clay pot from the Sepik Province. This vibrantly green note has the Bank logo - Bird of Paradise as its watermark.
Image Courtesy: Just World Banknotes
Knowledge Base


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Early Childhood Memorandum of Understanding | Preschool Specialist at the Education Service Centers (PDF 102.96 KB)
Preschool Programs for Children with Disabilities
Eligible children with disabilities, ages 3-21, are entitled to receive a free and appropriate public education (FAPE) under the Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA). In Texas, school district Preschool Programs for Children with Disabilities (PPCD) provide special education and related services for eligible children with disabilities ages three through five. PPCD refers to the services provided by the school district, not to the place where they are provided. Eligible children may receive PPCD services in variety settings such as pre-kindergarten, resource, and self-contained classrooms or in community settings such as Head Start and pre-school.
- Early Childhood Outcomes and Prekindergarten Guidelines Alignment document. (PDF 3.37 MB) The purpose of this document is to align each Prekindergarten guidelines to one or more of the three Early Childhood Outcomes, and provide educators and families with discussion prompts to explain how each outome relates to the guideline. The document also provides modifications and adaptations for children with special needs and extends to include a developmental continuum for teachers to use in developing appropriate goals for children who are developmentally functioning below four-year-old expectations, based on the guidelines. Additionally, foundational skills that will lead to expected three-year-old and four-year-old skills are discussed throughout the document. The foundational skills can be used to provide a direct link to Prekindergarten Guidelines and as starting point for the students who are the farthest away form age-appropriate skill levels when they enter Early Childhood Special Education Programs. The connection of the foundational skills to the Prekindergarten Guidelines will help educators design developmentally appropriate, individualized goals for their youngest learners including students with disbilities, students learning English as a second language as well as any child who may be at risk educationally.
- Beyond ECI focuses on the effective transition of children exiting Early Childhood Intervention (ECI) services. This document provides accurate and consistent information to bridge communication between agencies and families while promoting a continuum of services for children. (PDF 2.39 MB) English version | Spanish version
- Early Transition Memorandum of Understanding (MOU)
The purposes of this MOU is to define roles and responsibilities between the Department of Assistive and Rehabilitative Services, Division for Early Childhood Intervention (ECI) Services and the Texas Education Agency (TEA) within the respective federal and state mandates; enhance interagency collaboration and relationships; and coordinate an effective system of activities, policies and procedures between the TEA and the ECI which guide and support the development and implementation of transition services for families of children with disabilities who are approaching age three.
- Joint Guidance (PDF 25.46 MB) issued by: Texas Department of Assistive and Rehabilitative Services (DARS) Early Childhood Intervention (ECI) Services and the Texas Education Agency (TEA) concerning New Part B Early Childhood Transition Reporting Requirements
- Key Elements of Early Transition (KEET)
The KEET Guide (PDF 129.81 KB) and KEET Checklist (PDF 59.11 KB)provide guidance for building of relationships between local Early Childhood Intervention programs and Local Educational Agencies as they work together to develop, maintain, evaluate, and refine their collaborative systems for the smooth transition of children and their families who leave Early Childhood Intervention services and enter public school services. Updated: January 2008
- Dual Enrollment for families of 3 and 4 year olds in Texas have an option available to them called "Dual Enrollment". In Texas, children ages 3 and 4 may attend a private preschool and still receive services, such as speech therapy, through the public school. Texas made the decision to allow 3 and 4 year olds to be dually enrolled to give them more opportunities to interact with their typically developed peers.
- Non-categorical Early Childhood (NCEC): Under the Individual with Disabilities Act (IDEA), younger students (ages 3-9) may be eligible for special education and related services under a broader disability category called "Developmental Delay." States can choose what to call this general category, how they define it, and what age range it applies. In Texas, this category is called "Non-Categorical Early Childhood (NCEC)". It is for students aged 3-5 who have general delays in their physical, cognitive, communication, social, emotional, or adaptive development; and who, because of these delays, need special education and related services. In Texas, a child between the ages of 3-5 may be described as "NCEC" if he or she has been diagnosed as having one of the following:
- Mental Retardation,
- Emotional Disturbance,
- Specific Learning Disability, or
A determination of NCEC must comply with criteria set forth in federal and state law as described in the Non-categorical Early Childhood framework of the Legal Framework for the Child-Centered Process Education Service Center Region 18. For more information on eligibility, please visit Texas Project First.
Preschool Least Restrictive Environments/Settings Education Service Center Region 20 documentIn accordance with the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 2004, schools are responsible for providing students who are receiving special education services the opportunity to participate in school through the least restrictive environment. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act requires that students with disabilities have access to the general curriculum, be involved in the general curriculum, and progress in the general curriculum. As districts begin the process of providing preschool children with access to the general curriculum, some may struggle with steps for initiation and implementation.
The purpose of this document is to provide an overview of a variety of options for including preschool children. It includes a brief description of each environment, the steps to implementation and additional considerations that might need to be discussed. It is not intended to be a finite list; just a jumping off point to assist decision-makers as they work to develop quality inclusive programs for young children
Download the free Adobe Acrobat Reader
Department of Assistive and Rehabilitative Services, Division for Early Childhood Intervention (ECI) Services
The ECI serves Texas families who have babies and toddlers with disabilities or developmental delays. A statewide listing of ECI Programs listed by county is available from ECI.
Early Childhood Outcomes (ECO) Center
The ECO Center seeks to promote the development and implementation of child and family outcome measures for infants, toddlers, and preschoolers with disabilities. These measures can be used in local, state, and national accountability systems..
Early Head Start National Resource Center (EHS NRC)
The EHS NRC provides training and technical assistance to Head Start's new Early Head Start program, which supports the healthy development of infants, toddlers, and their families, and pregnant women. The EHS NRC is operated by ZERO TO THREE: National Center for Infants, Toddlers and Families and WestEd's Center for Child and Family Studies.
Head Start is a child development program that has served low-income children and their families since 1965. The Head Start Bureau maintains this web site as an electronic resource for Head Start service providers, parents, volunteers, community organizations, and others who share an interest in helping children look forward to a brighter future.
National Early Childhood Technical Assistance Center (NECTAC)
The National Early Childhood Technical Assistance Center supports the implementation of the early childhood provisions of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). Our mission is to strengthen service systems to ensure that children with disabilities (birth through five) and their families receive and benefit from high quality, culturally appropriate, and family-centered supports and services.
Texas Department of Family and Protective Services (DFPS)
The DFPS Child-Care Licensing Division is responsible for protecting the health, safety, and well being of children who attend or reside in regulated child-care facilities and homes.
Partners Resource Network (PRN)
PRN is the non-profit agency awarded three PTI Projects which now cover the entire state of Texas. These projects operate independently but do share some central administrative functions. All of the projects share the common purpose of empowering parents of children and youth with disabilities in their roles as parents, decision makers, and advocates for their children. In addition, the PRN publishes the Parent Advocate Quarterly Newsletter
Texas Project First
Texas Project FIRST has developed this parent-friendly, Bobby-approved bilingual website to provide consistent, accurate information to help parents understand the complex special education issues and become more effective participants in their child's education process. This web site is a project of the Texas Education Agency.
Federal and State Education Policy
1701 North Congress Avenue | Austin, Texas 78701-1494
Telephone: _PHONE_ | Fax: _PHONE_


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Stepping up the intensity: Kangeiko winter training
AP Photo/Ahn Young-joon
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At numerous dojo in the Chicago area and around the world, Judo, Kendo, Karate, and Aikido practitioners are beginning an annual tradition that reaffirms their commitment to their art.
The annual event is called kangeiko, or literally "cold training". Kangeiko challenges both the minds and bodies of the participants through practice under adverse conditions, in unheated training halls or even outdoors. The tradition has its roots in the ascetic practices of Mahayana Buddhism, and was later adopted by the warrior class. Orginally, the intent was to strengthen commitment, fire up the fighting spirit, and exorcise the inner invertebrate.
Today, the practices vary among the different arts. Judoka, who follow the Kodokan tradition, train all day in an unheated dojo, beginning at 6 AM, for two consecutive days. Most Aikidoka practice for ten consecutive days, with some attempting to attend all the classes. Often, even in this modern age, dojo windows are sometimes thrown open to allow the Chicago winter to permeate the dojo.
Why do these practitioners do this? Some simply see it as a test to be overcome, a challenge to be met, and to find one's limits. Others use it as a mechanism by which they can renew their commitment to their chosen art, believing that a commitment made under adverse conditions creates a stronger bond.
There are also traditions of abstinence during this period, and some practitioners use this as an opportunity to cleanse or detoxify their bodies. Then, there are those who seek to create a new habit of frequent practice and build momentum for the new year. And then, there are the dojo rats, for whom this is business as usual.
Regardless of various reasons and practices, the sustained activity during this period will increase your level of fitnessHowever, there are a few precautions the you need to take, especially when practicing in the cold. Remember that you are renewing your commitment and not having one last fling with your art:
 - Warm up and stretch thoroughly to prevent injuries. The combination of low temperatures and constant muscle and joint strain will increase the possibility of injury.
 - Hydrate, even if you don't feel thirsty. Your body requires hydration during cold weather, but the thirst reflex may not be triggered.
 - Eat properly. Fuel up with complex carbohydrates and protein before classes, but also make sure that you eat properly afterwards to ensure recovery.
 - Eat moderately. A common mistake is to eat too much and wind up actually gaining weight during this period.
 - Pay attention to hygiene. Always wear a clean gi, clean supportive gear, and wash your hands frequently. The intensity of the training may suppress your immune system and make you more susceptible to everything from skin diseases to H1N1.
 - Be alert for symptoms of hypothermia in yourself and others. Symptoms include shivering, confusion, clumsiness, and more.
 - Pace yourself. Try to ignore the urge to go all out at every class.
 - Get adequate sleep to ensure proper recovery and healing.
Kangeiko, for those who make the commitment, builds camaraderie and a sense of joint accomplishment. Bonds amongst practitioners are strengthened while their ties to their art are strengthened. Kangeiko is an ordeal, but the rewards are great, the process can be fun, and the stories come will come in handy in your old age.


Royal Jelly
Royal Jelly
When worker bees decide to make a new queen, usually because the old one is either weakening or dead, they choose several small larvae and feed them with copious amounts of royal jelly in specially constructed queen cells. This type of feeding triggers the development of queen morphology, including the fully developed ovaries needed to lay eggs.
Royal jelly is widely marketed as a dietary supplement. It is an alternative medicine that falls under the category of apitherapy. Both the European Food Safety Authority and United States Food and Drug Administration have concluded that the current evidence does not support the claim of health benefits, and have actively discouraged the sale and consumption of the jelly. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration has taken legal action against companies that have used unfounded claims of health benefits to market royal jelly products. There have also been documented cases of allergic reactions, namely hives, asthma, and anaphylaxis, due to consumption of royal jelly.
"Royal jelly," accessed July 6, 2018, _URL_


Pale-faced Saki Monkeys (Pithecia pithecia)
Pale-faced Saki Monkeys are often called "Flying Jacks" because of the way they jump from tree to tree. These monkeys
are arboreal, meaning they spend most of their time in trees. They are active during the day and vocalize frequently to communicate and keep the group together. The Zoo is home to Pele, Judith and their offspring Simon and Zoey. The exhibit is also shared by two Black and Gold Howler Monkeys.
Males are black with white faces; females are brown with white stripes on their faces.
Primarily in tropical forests, but also found in savannas and palm forest.
Brazil, Suriname, Guyana and French Guiana.
Mostly fruit, also seeds, flowers, leaves, termites, and occasionally a bird or bat.
Family Life:
They live in family groups of an adult male and female with their offspring. Females give birth to one baby between December and April after a 163 to 176 day gestation.


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Collective Intelligence Net
Collective Intelligence is a global group of entrepreneurs dedicated to improving the efficiency of social ecosystems and accelerating the flow of capital to good.
What we do:
We do this through three areas of focus:
1. We develop "collective maps," graphical depictions of the often-complex web of organizations, issues and gaps associated with key social initiatives.
2. We help to link together networks of resources, binding together groups of purpose to aid in more efficient resource-sharing, capital formation and fund-raising.
3. We tell stories about the problems we see, and about the individuals and organizations working to remedy them, using email groups, blogs, wikis, and other collaborative technologies. >>more
Who we work with:
Some of the projects we've helped to catalyze include:
- Xigi (pronounced ziggy, for the shift in the zeitgeist that's happening now) The xigi team is mapping the capital market for good, with stories, an online database of sectors including fair trade, social enterprise, microfinance, independent media and low income housing and a geospatial and social network map. We are part of a team solving the discovery problem for this emerging market; showing capital flows as well as who is doing what, what they call it, and how they value it and how it compares to other initiatives.
- United Religions Initiative helping this international interfaith group with thousands of great stories in a 140 countries tell one overarching story of an emergent phenomenon evolving to a higher level of order, and the way it is helping eliminate religiously motivated violence. The story of the project is here
- Kaboom helping this growing non profit which has an aim to put a playground within walking distance of every U.S. child with evolving its burgeoning management reporting metrics into a more user friendly view of the systems and relationships that work together to help it achieve its goals."


How To Find Polaris The North Star? [3 Methods Explained]
How To Find Polaris The North Star
Those of us who are living in the northern hemisphere, the Polaris (also known as the North Star) has a very important impact on our lives. In the northern hemisphere, no matter where you are, the Polaris is always aligned with the direction of the Earth's rotational axis. That's why, when we face towards the Polaris, we always face towards the North.
As you can guess, from the medieval time, people have been using Polaris as a navigational guide. Even today, Polaris is used for many navigational purposes. If you want to be an astronomer, or even an amateur stargazer, finding the Polaris should be a 'must-do' project for you.
In this article, I am going to share some of the methods through which you can find Polaris. All of these methods work, have been tested by hundreds of astronomers.
So, read the article, choose your favorite method and try to find the Polaris.
Good luck!
How To Find Polaris Using Big Dipper?
In this method, we are going to try to find the Polaris using Big Dipper, a very common constellation.
Step 1: Location The Big Dipper
How To Find Polaris Using Big Dipper
At first, we need to locate the Big Dipper. One interesting fact, Big Dipper is also known as the Ursa Major.
Big Dipper is very easy to identify. It just looks like a spoon. If the sky is clear and there is little light pollution, you should be able to find the Big Dipper within minutes.
In the above picture, you can see, the Big Dipper consists of 7 stars. 4 of them are in the spoon head whereas the rest make the handle of the spoon.
Step 2: Tracing
How To Find Polaris Using Big Dipper
Now that we've found the Big Dipper, it is time to look at the 2 front stars of the Big Dipper. I have marked them in the above picture. Just connect these 2 stars and trace a line towards upper right.
The first bright star you'll face is the Polaris.
Step 3: How To Be Sure It Is The Polaris?
How To Find Polaris Using Big Dipper
Though the north star is extremely important for us, with the naked eye, it just looks like any other normal star in the night sky. So, even if you find the Polaris, how to be sure that it is in fact the Polaris?
Well, it is very easy. Fortunately, not only the Polaris coincides directly in line with the 2 front stars of the Big Dipper, it is also a part of another well-known constellation, the Little Dipper.
Like the big brother, Little Dipper is also made of 7 stars. 3 are in the handle and the rest makes the head. Polaris is the last star in the handle.
The Little Dipper floats just above the Big Dipper and it looks like the Little Dipper is pouring water to the Big Dipper.
How To Find Polaris Using Cassiopeia?
There is another way to find the Polaris using another constellation, Cassiopeia. You can opt for this method if the Big Dipper is not visible or below the horizon.
However, let me tell you, this method doesn't provide as accurate result as the previous one. It is somewhat okay. I'll always urge you to follow the first one for finding Polaris.
Step 1: Loot At The Cassiopeia
How To Find Polaris Using Cassiopeia
The first step is to locate the Cassiopeia. Cassiopeia constellation looks more like a 'W' or 'M'. This unique formation makes it easy to spot the constellation.
When the night just begins, the Cassiopeia looks more like an 'M'. With time, in the later hours of the night, it looks like a 'W'. Cassiopeia generally appears as a "W" in between February and March.
Step 2: Find the Polaris
How To Find Polaris Using Cassiopeia
Look at the above image closely, especially at the 3 stars in the middle of the Cassiopeia. Just these 3 stars make the formation of an arrow, right? Look ahead towards the direction of the arrow and you should see a bright star somewhat around. This is the North star.
As you can see, this method is not that much easy and reliable.
Finding The North Star With Software
1. Using A Website
This is the easiest way to know the position of the Polaris in your night sky. There is a web-based software called the Stellarium. Stellarium let you see the night sky from your geographical location.
With Stellarium, you'll just have to enter the name of the object you want to observe, and it will show everything including the position in the night sky, the direction, as well as other details.
Here's how you can use Stellarium:
how to use stellarium
First, go to this site. At the lower-left corner, you'll see an option to choose your location. So, select your location as accurately as you can. Look at the above picture for clarification.
how to use stellarium
After that, you'll have to write the name of the object you want to see. There is a search box at the top-middle partion of the site. Write there the name of the target object and the software will show where it is currently based on your geographical location and time.
2. With Your Smartphone
These days there are many apps that turn your smartphone into a telescope. Just install such an app, and point your smartphone towards the sky. The phone should identify each of the stars and present you with a star map.
For iOS, Sky Guide is such an app. Sky Guide takes into account your geographical location as well as the time and then presents the sky map, specifically geared for you.
Stellarium Mobile will be the #1 choice for Android users. This app produces a better resolution image than the Sky Guide.
Tips To Find The Polaris
 1. Take a compass and look towards the northern portion of the sky. The north star will be in a somewhat darker region of the sky where there are hardly any bright stars around it. This is a quick way to find the Polaris.
 2. I'll advise you to remember the color of the Polaris and some of the stars around it. This way, you'll train your eyes to locate the North star easily from anywhere. Our North Star is a Yellow Supergiant. So, there is a faint yellow tint to Polaris.
polaris the north star
Click for larger size
Here is a test for you. Let's see if you can identify the North Star in the below image. Chop Chop!
[Hint: go through the first method if you are facing a hard time]
So, this is my detailed guide on how to find the Polaris. I have shown you 3 methods to do it. Hopefully, the guide will come in handy to you. Finding Polaris is not only fun, it is also important for anyone living in the Northern Hemisphere.
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University-wide voluntary initiative:
- Employees are encouraged to create their own Climate CV, voluntarily.
- A Climate CV shows how much the employee travels for conferences, meetings and such, and modes of travel.
- We hope that this may stimulate discussion in our community about the necessity and unquestioned academic tourism that many of us pursue.
"The idea of this climate CV originated from discussions in the Environmental Psychology research group."


Golf swing follow through
Golf swing follow through
Why can't I follow through on my golf swing?
For a lot of people a restricted follow through is caused by not being very dynamic with the hips, something quite restricted with the hips. So we see a lot of golfers as they hit through, the hips don't turn towards target enough, they stay facing pretty much where the ball was.
How important is the follow through in the golf swing?
With hitting the ball being the objective for most golfers, the rest of the swing is forgotten about. The follow through is crucial in driving the ball to the target. Your hands, arms, legs and hips need to come through the shot together or you won't consistently hit the ball as best you can.
What happens if you don't finish your golf swing?
What happens if you don't get all the way there? It puts the bottom of your swing arc farther back, probably behind the ball. Unless you make some other compensation in your swing, you're going to mis-hit the shot.
Why do golfers hold their finish?
In a putting stroke, holding the finish means staying in posture by maintaining the alignment of your shoulders. For a chip, the arms and club will form the shape of a "Y" and the finish will be low.
What is the most important thing in the golf swing?
You might be interested: Bionic golf gloves uk
What is the most important move in the golf swing?
The first move down from the top is one of the most important in the golf swing. No matter how you take the club back, the transition into the downswing has to be smooth, and the club needs to come into the ball from inside the target line. And the overall downswing has to start from the ground up.
What is the most important fundamental in golf?
"The most important thing in the golf swing is to keep your head right there, dead still," Nicklaus says. "Feel as though there's a shaft right down through your head and you just keep it right there and revolve around that area." To receive GOLF's all-new newsletters, subscribe for free here.
Why should you follow through when hitting a ball?
Instead, the follow – through increases the time of collision and subsequently contributes to an increase in the velocity change of the ball. By following through, a hitter can hit the ball in such a way that it leaves the bat or racket with more velocity (i.e., the ball is moving faster).
What does left arm do in golf swing?
The left arm determines the swing arc for a shot and helps release and rotate the wrists and club on the downswing.
Robert Meadows
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Lake Tips: Internet Links for Lake Information
With a computer and linkage to the Internet, volumes of information about how to protect and restore your lake resources are literally at your fingertips. In the past few years, government agencies, nonprofit groups, universities and private businesses have loaded the Internet with topics ranging from nationwide volunteer lake-monitoring efforts to graphs of dissolved oxygen and nutrient levels in specific lakes across the nation. For example, you can zoom into your local area from a map of the United States to find out how the total acreage in your watershed is being used, including acres of wetlands, various crops, forest, and residential and commercial development. Frequent updates create a dynamic library and offer the latest information about technical innovations, government policies, current events and much more.
Although the Internet does provide masses of information, finding useful information can prove to be a daunting task. For example, if you do a search for "lake management," you will likely have thousands of sites to sort through. Who has the time for this? A brief overview of some of the most relevant and informative sites for lake watershed information follows. Many of these sites have links to other environmental sites.
Lake Links: Places To Start
North Dakota Information
ND Lake Contour Maps


text:
Cooking with Apache, Part 3
Pages: 1, 2
Recipe 12.4: Solving the "Trailing Slash" Problem
Loading a particular URL works with a trailing slash but does not work without it.
Make sure that
ServerName is set correctly and that none of the
Alias directives have a trailing slash.
The "trailing slash" problem can be caused by one of two configuration
problems: an incorrect or missing value of
ServerName, or an
Alias with a trailing slash that doesn't work without it.
An incorrect or missing
ServerName seems to be the most prevalent cause of the problem, and it
works something like this: when you request a URL such as _URL_ where something is the name of a directory, Apache actually sends
a redirect to the client telling it to add the trailing slash.
The way that it does this is to construct the URL using the value of
ServerName and the requested URL. If
ServerName is not set correctly, then the resultant URL, which
is sent to the client, will generate an error on the client end when it can't
find the resulting URL.
If, on the other hand,
ServerName is not set at all,
Apache will attempt to guess a reasonable value when you start it up. This will
often lead it to guess incorrectly, using values such as 127.0.0.1 or localhost,
which will not work for remote clients. Either way, the client will end up
getting a URL that it cannot retrieve.
Invalid Alias directive
In the second incarnation of this problem, a slightly malformed
Alias directive may cause a URL
with a missing trailing slash to be an invalid URL entirely.
Consider, for example, the following directive:
Alias /example/ /home/www/example/
Alias directive is very literal, and aliases URLs starting with /example/, but it does not alias URLs starting with /example. Thus, the URL _URL_ will display the default document from the directory /home/www/example/, while the URL _URL_ will generate a "file not found" error message, with an error log entry that will look something like:
File does not exist: /usr/local/apache/htdocs/example
The solution to this is to create
Alias directives without the trailing slash, so that they will work whether or not the trailing slash is used:
Alias /example /home/www/example
Rich Bowen is a member of the Apache Software Foundation, working primarily on the documentation for the Apache Web Server. DrBacchus, Rich's handle on IRC, can be found on the web at _URL_
Ken Coar is a member of the Apache Software Foundation, the body that oversees Apache development.
Return to the Apache DevCenter.


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"Navigating Mental Health in SWFL Schools"
On Tuesday, Sept. 8, Mental Health Navigators Peggy Jugmahansingh, Joseph R. Craig, Jeannine Sparkes and Richard Keelan, Child Advocacy Supervisor for Golisano Children's Hospital discussed "Navigating Mental Health in SWFL Schools," specifically the Mental Health Navigator program.
What do Mental Health Navigators (MHN) do?
- Mental Health Navigators relate one-on-one with families on mental health challenges
Each navigator has had his/her own experience with mental health issues with a family member or child, and may have:
- Already gone through bureaucratic obstacles
- Recognize the frustration that sometimes comes with getting the appropriate supports for their loved one
- Enabling the family to develop skills towards self-sufficiency
The MHN program strives for families to learn how to self-advocate, so that in time, they can rely on their own resources without the program's help.
Impact of the Mental Health Navigator program by Kids' Minds Matter
Since launching in March, the MHN services that families have received include:
psychiatric and therapy appointments for children and parents, as well as diagnostic testing
- Accompanying parents/child to appointments as needed
- Enrolling for SNAP (food); TANF (temporary cash assistance); and SSI (income for the disabled)
- Payment of monthly cell phone bills for a limited time (a safety measure from isolation due to the coronavirus pandemic)
- Donation of 9 beds for children sleeping on makeshift floor beds (4 beds for 1 family; five for another)
- Enrolling three children in a week's summer camp which also served as respite for their parents
- Assisting a mother with car repairs for transportation to work. (She contributed part of her Covid-19 stimulus money to the repairs)
- Assisting parents to electronically enroll their children for the new school year
- Using wrap-around funds for 30 plus transactions for basic needs such as food, toiletries and clothes.
Referrals to the MHN program
- Where do referrals come from? The school mental health team which is made up of the counselor, social worker, psychologist and nurse. Occasionally an administrator may participate.
- Who may get referred to the MHN program? Generally, the children who are referred to the program are struggling in multiple areas – behavior, attendance and grades – or some combination of these and have not responded to the typical school-based interventions for resolving these issues.
- How do children get referred to the MHN program? Any member of the school staff can enter a concern about a child into the school mental health data base. From there school personnel contact the family and have them complete a short screening tool. Often at this point parents are directed to services to help their child such as counseling or other community resources. In most cases this is enough, and parents are able to connect with the needed services and resources.
- Students referred to the MHN program are usually those cases where the school and the family can't "close the gap" between what the student needs and what school and family can do without outside assistance.
What is the Child and Family Team Meeting?
- Mental Health Navigators provide and encourage the development of support systems within the community and school by facilitating the Child and Family Team Meeting (CFTM) that directly connect with a family struggling with mental health issues.
- Through the CFTM, the Mental Health Navigation program focuses on bringing all the supports together under one meeting with parents to discuss:
- Establish deadlines for each task
- Identify needs and existing and potential barriers
- Families emerge from the CFTM feeling empowered to have their voices clearly heard during this process and encourage providers to develop a unified plan as united stakeholders in the family's stabilization.
- Above all, the CFTM looks at other supports within family and friends that could also be tapped into to address issues that prevent the child from reaching his or her potential.
How is supporting the family's well-being a key part of supporting the child's wellness?
- The National Institute of Mental Health a division of the National Institutes of Health: "Including parents and other members of the family in treatment can help families understand how a child's individual challenges may affect relationships with parents and siblings and vice versa."
- Having a family member with mental or emotional problems can be overwhelming to the parents and other children. They may not know how to help their child and may feel frustrated or inadequate. Parents may also have their own psychological issues that may or may not be identified.
- Mental or emotional disorders can also cause parents to miss work because the child does not want to attend school or is sent home for misbehaving. This can cause financial stress and difficulty paying bills.
- It is important to make sure all family members' needs are being met – respite for parents, adequate sleep, making sure all children are getting enough attention and that all of the resources are not focused only on one child. It is not possible to support a child with mental or emotional problems unless parents are making sure all of their own needs are being met.
- MHNs and Child and Family Teams work to develop a support system for the family to help make sure the family is stable and resilient and can meet the challenges that come with living mental illness.
What is are "Wrap-around Services"?
- The wrap-around approach is a team approach in which we try to support and empower the family to meet the needs of their child
- Examples of wrap-around services can include connecting parents and children to mental health services, providing transportation, helping complete applications for housing, financial assistance, or school enrollment, helping families who are food insecure access local food resources, literally anything that helps increase the family's access to the services and resources necessary for helping the child and family function in a more healthy way.
Definition of Protective Factors
Attributes or conditions of individuals, families, communities, or the larger society that reduce or eliminate risk and promote the healthy development and well-being of children and families
Five categories of Protective Factors:
- Parental Resilience
- Social Connections
- Concrete Supports in Times of Need
- Knowledge of Parenting & Child Development
- Social & Emotional Competency of Children
What a Mental Health Navigator does not do
There are some things that they do not do because they are not medically trained, nor are they licensed mental health practitioners (LMHPs).
They do not:
- Provide hands-on health care services
- Provide physical assessment, diagnosis, or treatment
- Provide professional counseling and/or therapy.
- National Alliance on Mental Illness
- National Institute of Mental Health. Retrieved September 3, 2020 from: (_URL_
- Nicholson, J. (2010). Mental illness: Understanding the impact on families and how to help. Retrieved from: _URL_
- Center for the Study of Social Policy (Strengthening Families) _URL_
QUESTIONS FROM VIEWERS
Q: How does one get in touch with a Mental Health Navigator?
A: We're a pilot program and referrals come through the school district. Kids' Minds Matter offers a lot of free resources that are a good place to start. The school district gets a lot of input from the mental health team at the school. A guidance counselor or school counselor may be able to help. There are amazing mental health professionals in the school and reaching out to the school should not be something that people are afraid of. Guidance counselors are no longer there just to help with scheduling but help with social-emotional well-being.
Q: Do you help provide a child a pet that will help them deal with their mental health emotions?
A: It's possible. I've seen Child and Family Teams go to places that were unexpected. If it was determined a pet was needed, I can see it happen.