text:
The Hudson River Estuary, a stretch of the Hudson River from Troy, N.Y. to its mouth in New York Harbor, has begun a new stage of its life say geologists at Columbia University's Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory and Queens College in Flushing, N.Y. Researchers at both institutions have found that, aside from a few very specific locations, the estuary may have largely stopped filling in with new sediment.
"The Hudson has gone through many stages of evolution," said Cecilia M. G. McHugh, the lead scientist on the study being published in an upcoming issue of the journal Geology. "Now it's entering a new phase." Some new deposits are being laid down as a result of annual rise in sea level, McHugh continued, but on the whole, the river is at equilibrium.
Every year the Hudson tributaries to the north discharge sand and silt into the river. The sand is trapped around islands and shoals near Kingston, while the silt washes down into the Hudson River Estuary, filling areas where scouring or dredging has occurred. Most of the silt is being trapped in a section of the river near the George Washington Bridge known as the Estuarine Turbidity Maximum (ETM). A small amount of silt is also being washed out to areas around the mouth of the Lower New York Bay.
The valley that the Hudson River occupies is a deep gouge in the bedrock that geologists believe was formed over the course of tens of millions of years. During the last glacial maximum nearly 18,000 years ago, the valley was filled with ice from the Laurentide glacier. As the glacier receded, ice and melt water formed a series of interconnected lakes in the valley that eventually merged to form the Hudson River. The valley filled with river sediments for nearly 3,000 years until sea level rose and the river merged with the encroaching Atlantic Ocean forming the Hudson River Estuary.
The estuary, the section of river where river and ocean water mix and that rises and falls with the tide, formed nearly 6,000 years ago. In places, sediment deposits beneath the estuary are more than 700 feet thick. Previously it was thought that this process of sedimentation was continuing today.
However, McHugh and her colleagues believe that accumulation ceased some time in the last 3,000 – 1,000 years. The researchers examined more than 100 two-meter-long sediment cores taken from the estuary and bay as well as high-resolution sonar and seismic imagery of the bottom. They found that the current rate of sedimentation in the estuary as a whole is approximately 1mm per year--about the same rate as sea level rise, which, together with scouring or dredging are the only processes that are providing space for new sediment in much of the estuary.
Of the estimated 1.2 million to 5.6 million metric tons of silt and fine sediment that wash into the river each year, about 300,000 metric tons is trapped in the ETM--the place where friction between seawater and river water creates turbulence that causes fine sediment to drop out of suspension. Currently, the ETM is centered roughly at the George Washington Bridge, but its daily position is influenced by the tides and the strength of the river current. If sea level ever stopped or reversed, said McHugh, the ETM could push all the way out into the mouth of the river and we could see the formation of an entirely new feature--a Hudson River Delta.
About 50,000 metric tons of fine sediment is trapped every year in bays and bends of the river as well as on the river bottom in the Hudson Highlands where the river is narrow and most of the natural scouring occurs. In many places, only scouring of the river bottom caused by current and tides or human dredging is creating space for an appreciable amount to accumulate. As a result, said McHugh, these localized areas of new accumulation offer the potential for pollution to concentrate, creating toxic "hot spots" in the river bottom. A small amount of sediment carried by the Hudson is flushed out into the Lower New York Bay and settles at Sandy Hook Bay in New Jersey, where it accumulates at a rate of about 5mm per year.
McHugh said she had a flash of insight several years ago that something about the river must have changed when she saw sediment cores that displayed unusual scouring marks at the top and found localized accumulations of new sediment next to large expanses of old sediment. "That's when I thought of the Hudson as a bathtub filled with sand," she said. "Only if it's scoured out can you fill it with new material."
Source: Eurekalert & othersLast reviewed: By John M. Grohol, Psy.D. on 21 Feb 2009
Published on PsychCentral.com. All rights reserved.
Faith in oneself... is the best and safest course.


text: Sewage sludge and crude glycerine were co-digested in the mesophilic digester of Hoogstraten wastewater treatment plant. Additions of up to 1 kg of crude glycerine/(m³ reactor).(day) were done without significant operational problems. At higher dosage, severe digester foaming was observed. Methane production during co-digestion was up to 20% higher than what would be expected based on the digester input. Compared to the period before glycerine dosage, every tonne of added crude glycerine resulted in a surplus methane production of 489 Nm³. The theoretical methane production from the used crude glycerine was 341 Nm³ per tonne. The difference is explained by a higher sewage sludge degradability during co-digestion with glycerine. Glycerine dosage can remedy the lowered specific biogas yield of sewage sludge in Flanders and consequently enhance green electricity production.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Evidence of Explosives In The South Tower Collapse.
The evidence showing that the World Trade Center towers were demolished is compelling. Here are a few photos of explosives detonating during the collapse of the South Tower. Each frame is numbered by its position in the video. The video was shot at 30 frames per second. So an eight frame interval covers about one quarter of a second.
Frame 147 shows a row of explosives detonating right across the east face at the 79th floor.
Frame 203 shows a row of explosives detonating right across the east face at the 75th floor.
The middle photos show the dust from the explosions outlined in red.
The end photos show the relative positions of the two lines of dust.
It has been claimed that the explosions of dust that span the east face of the tower, were caused by air being forced from the windows as each of the floors above collapsed. This explanation is obviously incorrect. If it was correct, such lines of dust would have been expelled from the windows of each floor in succession. That is, we would have seen such lines of dust expelled from floors 79, 78, 77, 76 and 75 in succession, but what we observe is an explosion of dust at floor 79, no new clouds of dust for a few floors, then another explosion of dust at floor 75. It is worth noting that the second line of (much larger) explosions occur at the center of a section of mechanical floors (the three mechanical floors appear as a slightly darker gray band across the building and are important for the strength they impart to the building). It is possible that the mechanical floors 76 and 75 (and also 74) have no windows, but of course, if this is so, it raises many more questions than it answers. In particular, if the mechanical floors have no windows, then the explosions of dust from floor 75 cannot be caused by air being forced from them as the floors above collapsed.
The dust due to the visible explosions is a whitish grey. The dust from the demolition of the upper section (which is disintegrating as it falls) is dark grey. One wonders what caused this difference.
A sequence of still photos of the collapse (at quarter second intervals) is included at the bottom of this page.
In frames below, we can see that the top 35 or so floors have snapped off and are toppling eastward. In the above frames we follow the north-east corner of the tower as this 35 floor section collapses. Using the north-east corner as a reference I have outlined in red the progress of this 35 floor top section as it descends.
The first thing to note is that the top section itself must be disintegrating otherwise (as the above frames show) the top section would have extended far into parts of the building that are clearly as yet unaffected by the collapse.
But what could possibly cause the top section to disintegrate? And in fact, what could possibly cause the top section to almost entirely disintegrate, before the lower section begins to collapse?
You have to realize that most of the top section had not been affected by the aircraft strike or fires and was thus still the same immensely strong structure that had supported the building for more than 30 years. If this section was going to fall at all, this section would fall as one piece (like a tree in the forest). Unless, of course, this section had been laced with explosives and was undergoing a controlled demolition of its own, just a few moments before the lower part of the building was demolished.


Stable Seas: Caribbean martime security report
Stable Seas: Caribbean provides a holistic overview of maritime security covering nine issue areas with a focus on those countries bordering the Caribbean Sea, from Belize in the northwest, to the Bahamas in the north, and French Guiana and Suriname in the southeast.
Key Findings
 - There is little political violence in the Caribbean, outside of Venezuela, but homicide, femicide, and violence against women are extremely common. Illicit criminal groups pull some into nefarious maritime activity and push others to flee their countries via maritime or land-based routes.
 - Natural disasters are increasingly threatening the region's maritime security, but some countries, like Costa Rica, Cuba, and Dominica have developed robust mitigation plans that could be replicated throughout the Caribbean.
 - Maritime security efforts have traditionally focused on drug trafficking, but a holistic focus will enable enforcement agencies to more accurately and effectively combat illicit actors in the maritime space.
 - Fragmentation exists between many of the small states in the Caribbean, emphasizing the importance of supporting unifying organizations like CARICOM and the OECS to generate holistic regional approaches to maritime insecurity.


text:
A convoy of 21 vehicles left Xining, capital city of Qinghai Province, on Friday for a scientific mission to the Hol Xil Nature Reserve in northwest China's Qinghai Province.
This will be the country's largest scientific inspection of the nature reserve since 1990, and also the first one since the opening of the Qinghai-Tibet railway on July 1 this year.
The 61-person inspection team consists of scientists, journalists and volunteers.
The 50-day mission's aim is to better understand the formation of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, its effect on China's and the world's climate, as well as the distribution and migration of the nature reserve's rare animals.
Hol Xil is home to Tibetan antelopes, an endangered species which are protected by the Convention on the International Trade.
The population of Tibetan antelopes has dropped from several million to below 100,000 in the past two decades due to extensive poaching and human encroachment of their habitat.
The team will also collect samples of the area's plants to establish a gene databank and try to chart the area's ecological and environment trends over the past 15 years, said the team's head Ding Lin, a researcher with the Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research of Chinese Academy of Sciences.
(Xinhua News Agency October 14, 2006)

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Replacing Damaged Terra Cotta Units
- Procedure code:
- Developed For HSPG (NPS - Southeast Regional Office)
- Terra Cotta Unit Masonry
- Last Modified:
PREFACE: This procedure should be performed under the direction of an historical architect or engineer to determine the most efficient and least destructive manner for executing the work. Approval from the regional historic preservation officer is required.
- This procedure includes guidance on removing and replacing severely damaged ceramic veneer, both adhesion type and anchor type. Sculptural elements are not covered in this procedure.
- See "General Project Guidelines" for general project guidelines to be reviewed along with this procedure. These guidelines cover the following sections:
- Safety Precautions
- Historic Structures Precautions
- Quality Assurance
- Delivery, Storage and Handling
- Project/Site Conditions
- Sequencing and Scheduling
- General Protection (Surface and Surrounding)
These guidelines should be reviewed prior to performing this procedure and should be followed, when applicable, along with recommendations from the Regional Historic Preservation Officer (RHPO)
- American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM),
- Shop Drawings:
- The historical architect shall furnish all drawings, details and other information, including structural drawings, necessary for the manufacture of replacement material.
- Shop drawings showing details of construction and jointing of replacement material shall be submitted by the manufacturer to the contractor for approval by the RHPO before any of the material is processed. Drawings shall show sections, dimensions, and the connection with other work. (If anchored, the typical and special anchors, grooves, etc., shall be shown.)
- The manufacturer shall complete setting drawings, numbered and marked to correspond with numbers and other marks on the replacement pieces. These drawings shall also show all other necessary data to properly and efficiently set the material, including dimensions and sizes of joints, anchors, hangers, expansion and control or pressure-relieving joints, etc., which shall be furnished by others.
- Boston Valley Terra Cotta
- Gladding, McBean & Co.
- Ludowici Celadon
- The Sherwin Williams Co.
- Studio S Pottery
- Superior Clay Corp.
- Terra Cotta Replacement Units (ceramic veneer)
NOTE: ALL REPLACEMENT UNITS SHALL MATCH ORIGINAL IN SIZE APPEARANCE, COLOR AND FINISH.
- All materials shall be in accordance with the architect's drawings and details.
- All pieces shall be of even thicknessthroughout, and shall be true and even on each face.
- Each piece shall be thoroughly burned and free of cracks, air bubbles and other defects.
- All edges and details shall be crisp and sharp.
- Adhesion Type Ceramic Veneer: Approximately 1" thick, with ribs, grooves or dovetails on back. Individual units shall not have a surface area greater than 720 square feet.
- Anchored Type Ceramic Veneer: Machine or hand made, with a wall thickness of approximately 1-5/8" with dovetail ribs projecting on the back. Handmade units shall have profiles as detailed by the architect.
- Anchoring system pieces as required - either stainlesssteel, AISI (American Iron and Steel Institute) Type 316, polyester resin, or as recommended by the ceramic veneer manufacturer.
- "Zinc Chromate Primer" (Sherwin Williams), or approved equal.
- Top coat(s): Number and type of paint as recommended by manufacturer of primer. Paint shall be water tolerable and made by the same Manufacturer should be same as the primer.
- Setting Mortar:
- 1 cu. ft. Portland Cement, ASTM C 150-67, Type I or Type II
- 1/2 cu. ft. approved high calcium slaked lime putty, screened and aged at least 20 days, containing no more than 4% magnesium oxide-OR-,
- 1/2 cu. ft. hydrated lime, ASTM C 206 or C 207, Type S
- 4 cu. ft. clean, sharp siliceous sand graded from fine to very fine, ASTM C 144
- 1 qt. "Hydratite Liquid" or approved equal
- Pointing Mortar:
- 1 vol. portland cement as above.
- 1/4 vol. aged high calcium lime putty as above, or
- 1/4 vol. hydrated lime as above.
- 3 vols. very fine sand as above.
- Gauge above with mix of one volume "Konset" thoroughly mixed in six volumes water, or of "Anti-Hydro"or "Suconem Red Label" or "Tricosal" or approved equal used according to manufacturer's directions.
- Grout Mix #1: For all vertical voids back of anchor-type ceramic veneer and handmade ceramic veneer shall be wet and sloppy composed of the following:
- 1 vol. portland cement as above.
- 3 vols. clean sharp sand as above.
- 2 vols. top gravel, well graded from fine to coarse.
- Grout Mix #2: For all handmade ceramic veneer sills, copings, balusters, and rails, cornices, etc., shall be lean and composed of the following:
- 1 vol. portland cement as above.
- 4 vols. clean sharp sand as above.
- 3 vols. top gravel, well graded from fine to coarse.
- Clean, clear potable water
- Paint brushes
- Hawks and trowels as required
- Hose and spray nozzle
- Grouting equipment
- Surface Preparation:
- Soak replacement pieces in a vat or box of clean water for one hour or more just prior to installation. The pieces should be noticeably damp at the time of setting. Drain pieces sufficiently to eliminate surface water.
- At the beginning of setting each day, soak all walls to be faced with clean water. Apply water with a hose and spray nozzle. Soak again with water not more than one hour before setting of replacement pieces.
- Removing Damaged Terra Cotta Units:
- Remove mortar from around damaged units by hand being careful not to chip the edges of adjacent sound units. Insert wedges as required as mortar removal progresses to hold damaged units in place until they can be removed.
- Carefully remove damaged units and all loose grout in cavity behind unit.
- Installing Anchored Type Ceramic Veneer:
- Preparing the anchoring system:
- Inspect the anchors and reinforcing armature thoroughly for any sign of corrosion.
- Remove any rust from anchors which can be reused. Coat with one coat of a rust inhibiting primer and top coat(s) of water tolerant paint as recommended by the primer manufacturer.
- Install new anchors as required and as recommended by the ceramic veneer manufacturer.
- Setting anchors and grooves:
- The general contractor shall be guided by the drawings for the placing of all loop-dowel anchors or other anchors, and the provision for the 1" x 6" horizontal grooves in the concrete to permit the proper anchoring and grouting of the ceramic veneer.
- Grooves shall be 12" on vertical centers in all spandrels and 30" elsewhere.
- Alternate detail: 1/4" x 6" grooves approximately 12" on vertical centers accomplished by the use of alternate surfaced and unsurfaced form lumber.
- The loop-dowel anchors, or approved equal anchors, shall be installed in vertical alignment on about 12" centers; and shall be spaced on equal horizontal centers of approximately 12" but not greater than 18", and so located, where practical, that a vertical line of loop-dowel anchors will be directly in back of each vertical joint of ceramic veneer. Keep loop-dowel anchors out of 1" x 6" horizontal grooves.
- Dimension from face of masonry or concrete wall to face of anchored veneer shall be a nominal 4".
- Installing pencil rods:
- Install 1/4" pencil rods vertically through loops of loop-dowel anchors.
- Install approximately 1" away from the face of the wall.
- Above openings, the lower end of the pencil rods should have 4" or more bent at right angles over ceramic veneer soffits, and should lie loosely thereon.
- Installing loose anchors:
- All loose anchors shall be located in bed joints and/or interior webs on 12" to 18" horizontal centers.
- One end of each anchor shall be securely hooked around a pencil rod, dowel rod, or structural steel member and the other end securely hooked into the ceramic veneer.
- Loose anchors shall hook around 1/4" dowel pins in joints of soffit pieces. These anchors shall pass through loops and hook around loop-dowel anchors.
- Special loop-dowel anchors:
- In deep ceramic veneer anchored soffits the special loop-dowel anchors shall extend vertically down to within 1" of the ceramic veneer soffit, and shall be threaded horizontally with 1/4 pencil rods.
- The long dowel end of the special loop-dowel anchor shall have 2" or more bent at right angles and lay flat against the top of the ceramic veneer soffit.
- The loop ends of the special loop-dowel anchors shall extend down vertically at least 5" from the concrete soffit.
- Special loop-dowel anchors are to be of the same material as the loop-dowel anchors.
- Dimension from face of concrete soffit to face of anchored veneer shall be a nominal 8".
- All anchored ceramic veneer shall be set in a full bed of mortar and all voids back of the ceramic veneer shall be filled solid with grout as specified under Gr


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Identifying reports used within an agent's workspace
Answer ID 9521 | Last Review Date 01/14/2019
How do I find a report used in an agent's workspace?
Profiles, Workspaces
Oracle B2C Service, All supported versions
The first step in identifying a specific item such as a report within an agent's workspace, is to first identify the workspace used for the agent.
 1. Open the agent's profile for edit: Configuration > Staff Management > Profiles
 2. From the Workspaces/Workflows tab, identify the name of the workspace used for the record type in question
Then, open that workspace for editing and locate the specific item.
 1. Configuration > Application Appearance > Workspaces/Workflows
 2. Use the 'Find' feature from the ribbon to search by name for the agent's workspace
 3. Double click on the name to open for editing
When trying to identify a report:
 1. Navigate to the tab within the workspace where the report is used
 2. Click into the report area of the tab
 3. From the top ribbon, select Design > Report. This shows where the report is located in the Report Explorer.
NOTE: When using the standard workspace, or even a customized workspace that has been copied from a standard workspace, there may be items that cannot be edited using the steps above. This is because they are Control items (i.e. standard elements built into the application for ease of use). One example of this is the Attachments tab. At first glance, it may appear like a report, however, this is a Control item and does not include the 'Design > Report' option from the ribbon.
For more information on editing reports within a workspace, refer to Answer ID 2169: Customizing search results and reports in a workspace.


text:
CSS Initial Style value
With this extension you can see the initial values for each property in your CSS, Less, Sass, SCSS files.
For more information about Initial values and how they works, follow this link: _URL_
How it works:
Changed the MDN url in the box


text:
July 24, 2012
Stars are responsible for forging every heavy element in the universe when they fuse hydrogen and when they explode at the ends of their lives. But they also create a strange third type of chemical bond between atoms, caused by their incredible magnetic fields. This previously unknown type of bond could lead to new research in quantum science, perhaps even quantum computing.
Kai Lange, Trygve Helgaker and colleagues at the University of Oslo discovered this third bond by accident, when they were studying the magnetic fields in compact stars like white dwarfs, magnetars and neutron stars. Some white dwarfs have magnetic fields 10,000 times the strongest field anyone can produce on Earth, for instance, and neutron stars are five orders of magnitude more powerful. This is certain to introduce some strange behaviors that go beyond the Coulomb force we all know and love.
Basic chemistry teaches us that there are two types of bonds between atoms: Covalent bonds, where adjoining atoms simply share their outer-shell electrons, and ionic bonds, where two oppositely charged atoms are attracted to each other. This newly found third type only exists in these supercharged magnetic fields.
This article was posted: Tuesday, July 24, 2012 at 8:49 am


Take the 2-minute tour ×
From the ExtJS documentation:
flex : Number
This configuration option is to be applied to child items of the container managed by this
layout. Each child item with a flex property will be flexed horizontally according to each
item's relative flex value compared to the sum of all items with a flex
value specified. Any child items that have either a flex = 0 or flex = undefined will not
be 'flexed' (the initial size will not be changed).
But the documentation does not give a lucid application on how it affects the layout and how to use it. Also, I could not find any good tutorials/examples on how to use it on Google.
Appreciate if someone can throw more light on this.
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2 Answers 2
up vote 2 down vote accepted
There is a good usage and demo of flex at the following sites:
 1. Sencha Examples (at vbox node)
 2. Java2s
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It's proportional ratio for length vbox (height) & hbox (width)
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text:
2034-03-11 1542EST The Ultimate Tornado
|Create or Edit a Character:||
|Create or Edit an Event:||
The g forces at the gravity spike are absurdly high - far outside the realm of intuition. The spike effectively creates a hard vacuum atop a fissure a few hundred metres deep. At the bottom of the fissure is a layer of molten rock made up of what was the crust.
The spike appears to be moving westward at 1180km/h due to the Earth rotating under the spike.
The atmosphere is hitting the spike fast enough that there is no particular wind on this edge. This atmosphere is pulled to the bottom in less than a millisecond.
Compressed by 10-15%.
Compressed and liquified.
Forced downward many Km, but not significantly compressed. This would cause an upward flow in the surrounding fluid, but the volume and pressure change would be relatively small.
Explosive decompression, but much of it gets caught in the spike. A wind followed the spike. Close by the air pressure dropped dropped drastically and are speeds increased to 400km/h. The inrushing air forms vorticies and tornados.
Strong current towards the lance,
Rapid decompression and cooling, but mostly upwelling from pressure in the mantle.
The upward flow makes the magma flow much faster than normal (60km/h), erupting up at around 100km/h (28m/s).
North and South Edges
The atmosphere is sucked in to the vacuum, but the wind speed is relatively low, increasing as the spike passes by, and then fading.
- The KiloGrav (KGr) downforce drilled the trench westward at 1180km/h - the rotational velocity of the Earth at about 45°N. The rock under the (ultimately) 472Km2 strip (236x2Km) was pulverized and then deeply compacted all the way to the upper mantle - not far down for much of the path. This is a huge vent for the disturbed mantle to pour out of. The eruption doesn't send a lot of material into the atmosphere at first. It does cause thousands of Km3 of liquid rock to pour up the vent and then spill out over the landscape and sea floor. River valleies were filled in minutes - including the Columbia. Of course having the lance cross the river and then drill int on ocean was not so good.
- In the upper atmosphere the spike sheds thousands of horizontal vorticies as the atmosphere was pulled inward with literally astronomical force. These cause weird mixing of the normal layers, and spark thunder cells and tornados of epic proportions. Apocalyptic, even.
Reports from geologists in the region indicated that the entire Ring of Fire is somewhat destabilized, though no major quakes have happened yet. Simulations showed that the pulverized, compacted rock would form plates of something like granite, roughly 80% of the thickness of the igneous rock in the region. The flexible strength of the rock was a matter of intense speculation. If it were strong enough it might plug the giant hole to the mantle for long enough to stabilize and not flood the region with magma.
NASA reported that all LEO satellites that cross the low g zone were knocked out of orbit by the changed g force and the significant expansion of the atmosphere in the region. Similar but smaller effects have been observed during atmospheric heating by solar flares.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Its nice when games have riddles hidden in them. While playing TES:Arena, I came across an unusual logical puzzle: There are 3 cells.
If Cell 3 holds worthless brass, Cell 2 holds the gold key.
If Cell 1 holds the gold key, Cell 3 holds worthless brass.
If Cell 2 holds worthless brass, Cell 1 holds the gold key.
Knowing this brave fool, and knowing that all that is said cannot be true, which cell contains the gold key?
The correct answer is Cell 2 as suggested by the game. I wanted to know how one could logically arrive at the result. Could anyone help me with this?
What I tried: I negated all the above statements. The first implication became Cell 3 holds worthless brass AND Cell 2 does not have gold key. But if this is true, then cell 2 does not have the gold key and the result is incorrect. Hence I had this doubt.
PS: Choosing the wrong door causes man eating spiders to be released.
share|improve this question
Does each cell necessarily contain either worthless brass or a gold key? – Sp3000 Dec 20 '12 at 12:55
Although not stated in game, there is only ONE cell with a gold key. The other cells may/may not have brass. – Gautam Shenoy Dec 20 '12 at 12:57
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4 Answers
If you label the conditions a-c, and if the gold key exists and is unique, it is enough to show that not in 2 leads to a contradiction. But 'key not in 2' leads to 'key in 2' (so a contradiction), as follows:
By (c), not in 2 implies in 1. By (b) then, not in 3. By (a) then, key is in 2. Contradiction.
To be safe, you can check if the game makers messed up:
As 'key in 1' is a sub chain of the above, it also leads to 'key in 2'. Contradiction.
Similarly, 'key in 3' means by uniqueness that 2 holds brass, which, by (c), implies 1 holds the key. Contradiction.
Finally note that if the key is in 2, it doesn't lead to any contradictions. So game is correct.
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Cell 2 cannot hold worthless brass, and cell 1 cannot have the gold key.
If a cell can have neither brass nor key, then that is the limit of what you can conclude. For example, your conditions are consistent with cell 3 having the key and there being nothing in the other cells.
But if every cell contains either brass or key, then you know cell 2 has the key. You can prove that by assuming cell 2 did not have the key, and hence had worthless brass. That implies that cell 1 has the key, which implies cell 3 has worthless brass which implies that cell 2 has the key. Contradiction.
However, if that additional condition were part of the problem, then your middle condition would be redundant.
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Sorry to be contrary, but I believe you need 2 assumptions for there to be a unique solution. First, that all 3 statements are indeed true. If we allow that one or more of those statements doesn't hold, the whole thing falls apart.
Second, that each cell contains either brass or the key. No empty cells. If you disagree, try looking at these 2 solutions:
Cell 1 = Empty, Cell 2 = Key, Cell 3 = Empty
Cell 1 = Empty, Cell 2 = Empty, Cell 3 = Key
None of the 3 statements apply to either of these, so they're both possible valid solutions and you're left to guess and hope the spiders don't eat your face.
Now, you can brute force your way through by listing all possible solutions and checking which are valid under the given statements. In this case there aren't many possible choices, so that approach is not too bad. However, I'm assuming you're looking for a bit deeper insight, so I'll walk through a technique that can sometimes provide a quicker route to the answer, especially in more complex puzzles.
Since all the implications are one way (they are "if", not "if and only if"), one approach is to start by assuming a condition from the left side of a statement and trace the implications through all the statements to look for inconsistencies.
Just going in order, let's assume first that Cell 3 holds brass. Then by statement 1, Cell 2 holds the key. Since we're assuming key or brass in each and only one key, then Cell 1 would have to be brass. Given that, neither of the last 2 statements apply, so this solution is possible with no contradictions. Let's continue and check the others to be sure we have the only possible valid solution.
Looking at statement 2, let's assume now that Cell 1 holds the key. By statement 2, Cell 3 holds brass. By statement 1, Cell 2 holds the key. Since only 1 cell can hold the key, this is a contradiction. Therefore our original assumption is false, so Cell 1 does not hold the key.
Lastly, look at the third statement. If we assume Cell 2 holds brass, then Cell 1 holds the key. But we already know by our last reasoning that if Cell 1 holds the key we end up with a contradiction. So our assumption here is false, and Cell 2 does not hold brass.
Since Cell 2 cannot hold brass, it must hold the key.
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If you take "not all that is said is true" to mean that at least one statement is false, you can go through negating them and see where it leads. If the first statement is false, you have 3 holds brass and 2 does not hold the gold key. Given that there is a gold key, it must be behind door 1. Then the second and third statements would be true, but we still don't know whether cell 2 holds brass.
If the second statement is false, cell 1 has gold and 3 does not have brass (so is empty). The first and third sentences are then true and we again know nothing about cell 2.
If the third statement is false, 2 holds brass and 1 does not have gold, so it must be cell 3 that has gold. The other two are then true and we don't know what 1 holds.
Since we didn't reach a contradiction from any of these, we can't choose between them. I would downvote the puzzle creator. However, if you ignore the "not all that is said is true" and believe them all, gnometorule has shown how to get there.
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Overwriting a file in python do i always have to type
If you read the file back and print the first 20 values of the dataset, you will see that they are all zeros except for the indexes 10 to For more functions, please refer to standard Python documentation. We open a file called random. Even if you seek back, every write will append to the end of the file: Besides the length of the data you want to store, you may want to specify the type of data in order to optimize the space.
Method overriding in Python
Reading Keyboard Input Python provides two built-in functions to read a line of text from standard input, which by default comes from the keyboard. When you override you have to think if you want to filter the arguments for the original implementation, if you want to filter its results, or both.
In theory a well designed API should make it always possible but we know that boundary cases exist: The GitHub issues page is the best place to submit corrections. You can read the values back and see what was actually stored.
When in need of skipping the call be sure to document the reasons. Even if there is an error within the with, the file is going to be closed. In those cases you may prefer to skip the call to the original implementation of the method; Python does not make it mandatory, so feel free to walk that path if you think the situation requires it.
Let's start by creating a new file and storing data; that part is the easiest one: This respects the resolution order in case of multiple inheritance and, for Python 3.
Many other guides stop at these sort of examples, without ever really showing the full potential of the HDF5 format with the h5py package. Let's go straight to using the HDF5 library. This meakes the underlying API work as expected.
How to use HDF5 files in Python
We will store the same data to them and then we can compare their sizes. In theory a well designed API should make it always possible but we know that boundary cases exist: The important thing to remember is that the number of bytes tells you how many different numbers you can store.
We create a dataset called default and we set the data as the random array created earlier.
How to write file versions instead of overwriting file in python?
For an insight on this mechanism check this post. So, by calling the original implementation, you get the result you later want to improve. In our example, each element is just a number, but it could have been anything, from a text to an image or a video.
For many applications, however, you need to save data while it is being generated. If the file does not exist, it creates a new file for writing.
If the file does not exist, creates a new file for reading and writing. That is, the file is in the append mode. In the example above, you can use data as an array. Be sure to know what you are doing, however, and document why you are completely overwriting the method. To read the data back, we can do it in a very similar way to when we read a numpy file: If the file does not exist, creates a new file for writing.
We don't append data when creating it, we just create an empty dataset able to hold up to elements. Python for key in f. First, let's see how this works with a simple example.
Bevor Sie fortfahren...
Hello Python Received input is: To use the dataset, we can use the same syntax as before, but taking into account the second dimension: The file Object Attributes Once a file is opened and you have one file object, you can get various information related to that file.
This surely follows the Python idea that "Explicit is better than implicit" The Zen of Pythonbut this advice is not just a matter of taste or some sort of programming mannerism. We can try to do something like this:.
If you would open this file, it would have following content. Python is a great language. Yeah its great!! The read() Method. The read() method reads a string from an open file. It is important to note that Python strings can have binary data. apart from text data. Syntax.
By overwriting list, I no longer have access to the list function until the program is closed. This can be dangerous, especially if you have code in a completely different module that depends on this function.
Using HDF5 Files with Python; When dealing with large amounts of data, either experimental or simulated, saving it to several text files is not very efficient. Sometimes you need to access a very specific subset of data and you want to do it fast.
In these situations, the HDF5 format solves both issues thanks to a very optimized underlying library. I have a directory, 'Dst Directory', which has files and folders in it and I have'src Directory' which also has files and folders in it.
What I want to do is move the contents of'src Directory' to 'Dst Directory' and overwrite anyfiles that exist with the same name.
Method overriding in Python
So for example 'Src Directory\douglasishere.com' needs to be moved to 'Dst Directory\' and overwrite the existing douglasishere.com Unfortunately there is no way to insert into the middle of a file without re-writing it.
As previous posters have indicated, you can append to a file or overwrite part of it using seek but if you want to add stuff at the beginning or the middle, you'll have to rewrite it. Oct 07, · As the title goes, how do I write something to a file, overwriting file contents in the process in Python?Status: Resolved.
Overwriting a file in python do i always have to type
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text:
within practicable time limits. We propose a novel hybrid Evolutionary Algorithm based on the Differential Evolution algorithm and Adaptive Parameter Gaining Sharing Knowledge-based algorithm to solve global real-world constrained parameter space. The proposed CHAGSKODE algorithm leverages the power of multiple adaptation strategies concerning the control parameters, search mechanisms, as well as uses knowledge sharing between junior and senior phases. We test our method on the benchmark functions taken from the CEC2020 special session & competition on real-world constrained optimization. Experimental results indicate that CHAGSKODE is able to achieve state-of-theart performance on real-world constrained global optimization when compared against other well-known real-world constrained optimizers.
ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0137.v1
Subject: Engineering, Electrical & Electronic Engineering Keywords: eddy current loss; multi-objective optimization (MOO); electromagnetic analysis; equivalent hierarchical method
Online: 11 April 2018 (05:45:35 CEST)
The eddy current loss should be optimized to be as less as possible for the stability of permanent magnet in high speed permanent magnet synchronous motor (HSPMSM) rotor and ensure the high efficiency and low temperature of the motor. This paper analyzes the eddy current distribution in rotor, with consideration of the conflict of the thickness of sleeve and diameter of the rotor, calculating the eddy current loss (ECL) and the thermal distribution via Separation of variables method for solving Maxwell's equations with analytical hieratical model of ECL constructed. The optimization result of ECL of the HSPMSM whose power and rated speed is 30kw 48000r/min can be got by multi-objective optimization method, combined weighting coefficient method and traversal algorithm based on chaotic local search particle swarm optimization (CLSPSO), utilizing ECL analytical model and other analytical constraints. Related experiment and measurement has been implemented with new approach of loss separation.
Subject: Engineering, Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Keywords: parallel robot; five-DoF task; 3T2R task; functional redundancy; task redundancy; redundancy resolution; reciprocal Euler angles; inverse kinematics
Online: 1 July 2019 (12:17:56 CEST)
Industrial manipulators and parallel robots are often used for tasks like drilling or milling, that require three translational, but only two rotational degrees of freedom ("3T2R"). While kinematic models for specific mechanisms for these tasks exist, a general kinematic model for parallel robots is still missing. This paper presents the definition of the rotational component of kinematic constraints equations for parallel robots based on two reciprocal sets of Euler angles for the end-effector orientation and the orientation residual. The method allows to completely remove the redundant coordinate in 3T2R tasks and to solve the inverse kinematics for general serial and parallel robots with the gradient-descent algorithm. The functional redundancy of robots with full mobility is exploited using nullspace projection.
ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202211.0103.v1
Subject: Mathematics & Computer Science, Numerical Analysis & Optimization Keywords: multi-objective optimization; hypervolume indicator; Newton method; evolutionary algorithms; constraint handling; hypervolume scalarization
Online: 7 November 2022 (04:20:09 CET)
Recently, the Hypervolume Newton method (HVN) has been proposed as fast and precise indicator-based method for solving unconstrained bi-objective optimization problems with objective functions that are at least twice continuously differentiable. The HVN is defined on the space of (vectorized) fixed cardinality sets of decision space vectors for a given multi-objective optimization problem (MOP) and seeks to maximize the hypervolume indicator adopting the Newton-Raphson method for deterministic numerical optimization. To extend its scope to non-convex optimization problems the HVN method was hybridized with a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA), which resulted in a competitive solver for continuous unconstrained bi-objective optimization problems. In this paper, we extend the HVN to constrained MOPs with in principle any number of objectives. We demonstrate the applicability of the extended HVN on a set of challenging benchmark problems and show that the new method can be readily be applied to solve equality constraints with a high precision problems, and to some extend also inequalities. We finally use HVN as local search engine within a MOEA and show the benefit of this hybrid method on several benchmark problems.
ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0420.v1
Subject: Engineering, Energy & Fuel Technology Keywords: District Heating; multi-objective evolutionary optimization; distributed cogeneration; optimal operation.
Online: 18 October 2018 (11:53:15 CEST)
The paper deals with the modelization and optimization of an integrated multi-component energy system. On-off operation and presence-absence of components must be described by means of binary decision variables, besides equality and inequality constraints; furthermore, the synthesis and the operation of the energy system should be optimized at the same time. In this paper a hierarchical optimization strategy is used, adopting a genetic algorithm in the higher optimization level, to choose the main binary decision variables, whilst a MILP algorithm is used in the lower level, to choose the optimal operation of the system and to supply the merit function to the genetic algorithm. The method is then applied to a distributed generation system, which has to be designed for a set of users located in the center of a small town in the North-East of Italy. The results show the advantage of distributed cogeneration, when the optimal synthesis and operation of the whole system are adopted, and significant reduction in the computing time by using the proposed two-level optimization procedure.
ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201910.0009.v1
Subject: Physical Sciences, Optics Keywords: multi-task learning; non-linear regression; neural networks; luminescence; luminescence quenching; oxygen sensing; phase fluorimetry; temperature sensing
Online: 2 October 2019 (03:17:07 CEST)
The classical approach to non-linear regression in physics, is to take a mathematical model describing the functional dependence of the dependent variable from a set of independent variables, and then, using non-linear fitting algorithms, extract the parameters used in the modeling. Particularly challenging are real systems, characterised by several additional influencing factors related to specific components, like electronics or optical parts. In such cases, to make the model reproduce the data, empirically determined terms are built-in the models to compensate for the impossibility of modeling things that are, by construction, impossible to model. A new approach to solve this issue is to use neural networks, particularly feed-forward architectures with a sufficient number of hidden layers and an appropriate number of output neurons, each responsible for predicting the desired variables. Unfortunately, feed-forward neural networks (FFNNs) usually perform less efficiently when applied to multi-dimensional regression problems, that is when they are required to predict simultaneously multiple variables that depend from the input dataset in fundamentally different ways. To address this problem, we propose multi-task learning (MTL) architectures. These are characterized by multiple branches of task-specific layers, which have as input the output of a common set of layers. To demonstrate the power of this approach for multi-dimensional regression, the method is applied to luminescence sensing. Here the MTL architecture allows predicting multiple parameters, the oxygen concentration and the temperature, from a single set of measurements.
ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201709.0063.v1
Subject: Engineering, Biomedical & Chemical Engineering Keywords: design of experiments; multi-objective optimization; Fisher information matrix; curvature; biological processes; mathematical modeling
Online: 15 September 2017 (11:07:52 CEST)
The bottleneck in creating dynamic models of biological networks and processes often lies in estimating unknown kinetic model parameters from experimental data. In this regard, experimental conditions have a strong influence on parameter identifiability and should therefore be optimized to give the maximum information for parameter estimation. Existing model-based design of experiment (MBDOE) methods commonly rely on the Fisher Information Matrix (FIM) for defining a metric of data informativeness. When the model behavior is highly nonlinear, FIM-based criteria may lead to suboptimal designs since the FIM only accounts for the linear variation of the model outputs with respect to the parameters. In this work, we developed a multi-objective optimization (MOO) MBDOE, where model nonlinearity was taken into consideration through the use of curvature. The proposed MOO MBDOE involved maximizing data informativeness using a FIM-based metric and at the same time minimizing the model curvature. We demonstrated the advantages of the MOO MBDOE over existing FIM-based and other curvature-based MBDOEs in an application to the kinetic modeling of fed-batch fermentation of Baker's yeast.
ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201609.0005.v1
Subject: Engineering, Electrical & Electronic Engineering Keywords: multi-type loads; active power dispatch optimization; simulated-annealing Q-learning
Online: 2 September 2016 (11:23:55 CEST)
An active power dispatch method for a microgrid (MG) with multi-type loads, renewable energy sources (RESs) and distributed energy storage devices (DESDs) is the focus of this paper. The MG operates in a grid-connected model, and distributed power sources contribute to the service for load demands. The outputs of multiple DESDs are controlled to optimize the active power dispatch. Our goal with optimization is to reduce the economic cost under time-of-use (TOU) price, and to adjust the excessively high or low load rate of distributed transformers (DTs) caused by the peak-valley


functional fixation, is a requisite for clinical success in orthopaedic and dental applications, many of which are restricted by implant loosening. Modification of implants to present bioactive motifs such as the RGD cell-adhesive sequence from fibronectin (FN) represents a promising approach in regenerative medicine. However, these biomimetic strategies have yielded only marginal enhancements in tissue healing in vivo. In this study, clinical-grade titanium implants were grafted with a non-fouling oligo(ethylene glycol)-substituted polymer coating functionalized with controlled densities of ligands of varying specificity for target integrin receptors. Biomaterials presenting the α5β1-integrin-specific FN fragment FNIII7–10 enhanced osteoblastic differentiation in bone marrow stromal cells compared to unmodified titanium and RGD-presenting surfaces. Importantly, FNIII7–10-functionalized titanium significantly improved functional implant osseointegration compared to RGD-functionalized and unmodified titanium in vivo. This study demonstrates that bioactive coatings that promote integrin binding specificity regulate marrow-derived progenitor osteoblastic differentiation and enhance healing responses and functional integration of biomedical implants. This work identifies an innovative strategy for the rational design of biomaterials for regenerative medicine.
PMCID: PMC2397448 PMID: _PHONE_
8. Biomolecular surface coating to enhance orthopaedic tissue healing and integration
Biomaterials 2007;28(21):3228-3235.
Implant osseointegration is a prerequisite for clinical success in orthopaedic and dental applications, many of which are restricted by loosening. Biomaterial surface modification approaches, including calcium-phosphate ceramic coatings and macro/microporosity, have had limited success in promoting integration. To improve osseointegration, titanium surfaces were coated with the GFOGER collagen-mimetic peptide, selectively promoting α2β1 integrin binding, a crucial event for osteoblastic differentiation. Titanium surfaces presenting GFOGER triggered osteoblastic differentiation and mineral deposition in bone marrow stromal cells, leading to enhanced osteoblastic function compared to unmodified titanium. Furthermore, this integrin-targeted coating significantly improved in vivo peri-implant bone regeneration and osseointegration, as characterized by bone-implant contact and mechanical fixation, compared to untreated titanium in a rat cortical bone-implant model. GFOGER-modified implants also significantly enhanced osseointegration compared to surfaces modified with full-length type I collagen, highlighting the importance of presenting specific biofunctional domains within the native ligand. In addition, this biomimetic implant coating is generated using a simple, single-step procedure that readily translates to a clinical environment with minimal processing and cytotoxicity concerns. Therefore, this study establishes a biologically active and clinically relevant implant coating strategy that enhances bone repair and orthopaedic implant integration.
PMCID: PMC2034748 PMID: _PHONE_
biomimetic material; cell adhesion; collagen; osseointegration; integrin
Results 1-8 (8)


text:
The theme of this year's Earth Day celebration at Salem State University is "Whose Earth Is It? Climate Change, Biodiversity and the Future"
Inspired by Conservation International's "Nature is Speaking" campaign, Earth Days Week this year will focus on human interactions with nature and the consequences of these interactions for the future. We believe that global warming, over-development, environmental degradation, over-consumption and over-population are central challenges to the survival of the planet and its human and non-human inhabitants. The costs of climate change include conflict, poverty, inequality, hunger and species extinctions. How we interact with nature will determine our future.
The Earth Day Planning Committee invites you to participate in this year's Earth Days events to learn, contemplate, discuss and share ideas to protect and preserve the earth, oceans, atmosphere and biodiversity and to foster coexistence with nature. To encourage discussion of these important issues within the campus community, we encourage the campus community to watch the "Nature is Speaking" short films – The Ocean, Mother Nature, The Soil, Water, The Rainforest, The Redwood and Coral Reef – at _URL_.


text:
It's All In Your (Theory of the) Mind
Posted by The Situationist Staff on July 13, 2008
Story by Anne-Marie Tobin, from Canadian Press.
* * *
Can robots and computers take the place of a human being? Two new studies involving research on brain activity in humans provide some food for thought in the evolving debate about interactions between man and machine – and in both cases, people seem to prefer people.
German scientists used an MRI scanner to see how the brain reacted when subjects thought they were playing a game against four different opponents – a laptop computer, a functional robot with no human shape except for artificial hands, a robot with a humanlike shape and another person.
The 20 participants were also asked about their enjoyment levels after playing the Prisoner's Dilemma Game, which is similar to the Rock Paper Scissors game.
"We were interested in what's going on in the brain when you play an interaction game when you need to think what your opponent is thinking," said Soren Krach, a psychologist in the department of psychiatry at RWTH Aachen University.
In social cognitive neuroscience, the ability to attribute intentions and desires to others is referred to as having a Theory of Mind, according to the study.
"We found out that the activity in the cortical network related to Theory of Mind … was increasingly engaged the more the opponents exhibited humanlike features," Krach explained.
Before going into the MRI scanner, the subjects played against the laptop, the two robots and the human. Once inside the scanner, they played again, using special video glasses, and they were told which opponent they were playing against at any given time.
Later, they were asked about the interaction.
"They indicated that the more humanlike the opponent was, the more they had perceived fun during the game and they more attributed intelligence to their opponent," Krach said.
The behaviour of the four opponents was randomized.
The study was published Tuesday in the online open-access journal PLoS ONE, along with another study in which neuroscientists looked at the brain's response to piano sonatas played either by a computer or musician.
* * *
To read the rest of the article and about that second experiment, click here.
The article, from which the image above is taken, is: Krach S, Hegel F, Wrede B, Sagerer G, Binkofski F, et al. (2008) Can Machines Think? Interaction and Perspective Taking with Robots Investigated via fMRI. PLoS ONE 3(7): e2597. doi:10.1371/journal.pone._PHONE_


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Imagine that I have a truncated icosahedron consisted of 60 vertices, each of degree $deg(v) = 3$, and fixed edge length $L$. I'd like to assign some constant curvature or bending angle $\theta$ to each edge s.t. I can deform the icosahedron into its circumscribing sphere.
As a function of the edge length $L$, what value of $\theta$ allows me to properly perform this deformation?
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I don't understand how you're using the "bending angle" to deform the icosahedron. Are you looking for the angle $\theta$ that each edge makes with the circumscribing sphere? – anon Jul 17 '11 at 23:49
_USER_, sorry for the confusion! No I'm looking for the bending angle that places each edge on the surface of the sphere. – R.H. Jul 18 '11 at 3:04
Oh, you mean the angle formed by the arc which results from a radial projection of an edge onto the circumscribing sphere. – anon Jul 19 '11 at 12:15
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1 Answer
up vote 2 down vote accepted
Fix $L=1$. Then the radius of the circumscribed sphere is $r=\frac{1}{4} \sqrt{58+18 \sqrt{5}} \approx 2.478$. Now look at the isosceles triangle formed by the center of the sphere and one edge. It has sides of length $r$ and base length 1. So the angles at either end of the base are $\cos^{-1} (1/(2r)) \approx 78.3593^\circ$. The angle between the tangent to the sphere at one endpoint and the edge is then about $11.6407^\circ$.
 Soccer Ball
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text:
The study of Eric Carle was a new cycle project for me this year and I enjoyed learning more about the artist and writer along with the students. The project in art covered several areas of exploration and experimentation for the students. They learned about the rule of thirds in laying out a landscape background and reinforced the previous watercolor techniques they have learned. After creating a scene on the watercolor paper, we studied the shapes and textures used to create the characters seen in Carle's books. The students determined what animal or character they wanted to create for their illustration and began "building" their work using textured paper scraps. This required an attention to scale, form and details to successfully create a character. The parts and pieces were glued into position on their background painting to complete the project. Look for the pieces displayed in the Montessori hallways. This week we will begin our study of Grandma Moses.
|Detail of the above painting|


text:
A great week of learning in Hawthorn class!
We have begun our new topic 'Cheshire & a Contrasting European Region'. The children had their place knowledge put to the test when they were tasked with locating Cheshire on a map of the UK and France on a map of Europe. They were then able to use atlases to check if they had identified the correct location. Following this, the children recorded a description of both places, referencing the 8 compass points.
In English, the children have been focussing on different elements of grammar and – practising how to include adverbial phrases, modal verbs and parenthesis into their writing in order to engage the reader. The children are building up a toolkit of effective writing techniques ahead of writing their character description next week.
In Maths, we have been continuing our fractions unit. The children have been comparing and ordering fractions and finding the common denominator in order to add together fractions with different denominators.


Synonyms for program
Synonyms for (noun) program
Synonyms: program, programme
Definition: a performance (or series of performances) at a public presentation
Usage: the program lasted more than two hours
Similar words: performance
Definition: the act of presenting a play or a piece of music or other entertainment
Usage: we congratulated him on his performance at the rehearsal; an inspired performance of Mozart's C minor concerto
Synonyms: program, programme, plan
Definition: a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished
Usage: they drew up a six-step plan; they discussed plans for a new bond issue
Similar words: idea, thought
Definition: the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about
Usage: it was not a good idea; the thought never entered my mind
Synonyms: program, programme
Definition: a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need
Usage: he proposed an elaborate program of public works; working mothers rely on the day care program
Similar words: system, system of rules
Definition: a complex of methods or rules governing behavior
Usage: they have to operate under a system they oppose; that language has a complex system for indicating gender
Synonyms: platform, political platform, political program, program
Definition: a document stating the aims and principles of a political party
Usage: their candidate simply ignored the party platform; they won the election even though they offered no positive program
Similar words: papers, written document, document
Definition: writing that provides information (especially information of an official nature)
Synonyms: computer program, computer programme, program, programme
Definition: (computer science) a sequence of instructions that a computer can interpret and execute
Usage: the program required several hundred lines of code
Similar words: software, software package, software program, software system, package, computer software
Usage: the market for software is expected to expand
Synonyms: program, programme, broadcast
Definition: a radio or television show
Usage: did you see his program last night?
Similar words: show
Definition: a social event involving a public performance or entertainment
Usage: they wanted to see some of the shows on Broadway
Synonyms: syllabus, curriculum, course of study, program, programme
Definition: an integrated course of academic studies
Usage: he was admitted to a new program at the university
Similar words: info, information
Definition: a message received and understood
Synonyms: program, programme
Definition: an announcement of the events that will occur as part of a theatrical or sporting event
Usage: you can't tell the players without a program
Similar words: promulgation, announcement
Synonyms for (verb) program
Synonyms: program, programme
Definition: arrange a program of or for
Usage: program the 80th birthday party
Similar words: schedule
Definition: make a schedule; plan the time and place for events
Usage: I scheduled an exam for this afternoon
Synonyms: program, programme
Definition: write a computer program
Similar words: create by mental act, create mentally
Definition: create mentally and abstractly rather than with one's hands
Visual thesaurus for program


text:
12 October 2009
The financial crisis left major banks crippled by toxic assets and short of capital, while lenders became less willing to finance business and private projects. The immediate and potential impacts on the banking system and the real economy lead governments to intervene massively.
These interventions helped to avoid systemic collapse and stabilise the global financial system. This book analyses the steps policy makers now have to take to devise exit strategies from bailout programmes and emergency measures. The agenda includes reform of financial governance to ensure a healthier balance between risk and reward, and restoring public confidence in financial markets.
The challenges are enormous, but if governments fail to meet them, their exit strategies could lead to the next crisis.
Earlier versions of this report were presented at the London G20 meeting in April and the Paris OECD Ministerial meeting in June.
Table of contents
Summary of Main Themes
Exit Strategy Principles
II. Priorities for Reforming Incentives in Financial Markets
A. Strengthen the regulatory framework
B. Focus on integrity and transparency in financial markets
C. Strengthen capital adequacy rules
D. Strengthen understanding of how tax policies affect the soundness of financial markets
E. Ensure Accountability to Owners who's Capital is at Risk
F. Corporate Structures for Complex Financial Firms
G. Strengthening financial education programmes and consumer protection
III Phasing Out Emergency Measures
A. The timeline for phasing out emergency measures
B. Roll-back measures in the financial sector
C. Fostering corporate structures for stability and competition
D. Strengthening corporate governance
E. Privatising recapitalised banks
F. Getting privatisation right
G. Maximising recovery from bad assets
H. Reinforcing pension arrangements


Mexico - Colima - Comala
Information and facts about the municipality of Comala
Location of Comala
The municipality of Comala is located in the Mexican state of Colima México
Population of Comala
The overall population of the municipality named Comala is 19495 citizens, 9660 males and 9835 females.
Age distribution
The population of Comala is divided into 7530 minors and 11965 adults, with 2036 of them older than 60 years.
Indigenous population of Comala
142 people in Comala live in indigenous households. An indigenous language is spoken by 68 people who are older than 5 years. The number of people who only speak an indigenous language is 0 and 62 speak both an indigenous language and Spanish.
Social Structure
A legal claim on health care and social insurance benefits have 13433 citizens of Comala.
Economic situation
In Comala about 4933 households are registered.
4890 of these households are common houses or apartments, 804 are without floor and about 378 consist of one room only.
4464 of the normal households have sanitary installations, 4399 are connected to the public water supply, 4580 have access to electricity.
The economic situation allows 596 households to own a computer, 2483 own a washing machine and 4335 households are equipped with one ore more televisions.
School and education in Comala
Besides the 810 analphabets aged 15 or older, about 199 minors between 6 and 14 are not visiting a school.
1044 inhabitants of the population of 15 years and older did not visit a school and 6468 persons did not finish the school. 2860 visited only the 6 years lasting primary school, 2718 visited and finished the college or similar scholar institutions.
A total of 1217 aged 15 to 24 years visited a school, the medium time school is visited through the whole population is 7 years.
Add a reference to Comala
Comala
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text: Mercy High School, originally named Our Lady of Mercy Academy, was established by the Sisters of Mercy in 1882. During its early years, Mercy Academy educated children in grades K-12. As the need for a quality, Catholic education grew, so did our schools in the region. Catholic schools were formed in Chico, Redding, and Oroville. In 2017, to ensure a robust future, these school were reorganized as the Northern Valley Catholic Academies.


Tagged: remote
Cloud-SDR: A Tool for Remotely Accessing SDR's like the RTL-SDR and Airspy
Cloud-SDR is a new tool currently in beta testing which enables remote streaming access of SDR receivers, such as the RTL-SDR and Airspy. In a way it is similar to rtl_tcp in that it allows IQ samples to be streamed over the network, however Cloud-SDR appears to be a much more developed solution that can support more SDR's and has many more features, as well as better performance. Cloud-SDR is not free, and during these beta stages of release the pricing does not appear to be public. However they have licences for personal/hobbyist use, which we assume will be reasonably priced.
In this interesting post they describe various solutions for remote SDR access, and show why their Cloud-SDR solution is useful.
They describe their software in the following blurb:
Cloud-SDR can collect real-time IQ complex samples from an SDR hardware device connected on one machine, stream the samples to a second machine for demodulation or analysis, then send the resulting stream to third machine for storage.
In standalone mode, Cloud-SDR can execute signal processing tasks described with embedded JavaScript DSP engine.
Because network bandwidth is limited compared to SDR receiving bandwidth, the core concept of Cloud-SDR is to move the processing along the cloud to where it is required or possible : the DSP chain is divided in sub-tasks that are spread between computers interconnected through Internet.
For example a "signal scanner" application can be programmed with a script and stored on the SDR server for execution. Only found signals will threshold stream transmission through the TCP/IP network. Remote Client will only receive the IQ stream if a signal is detected by the DSP task. In "cloud mode", the same script can be broadcasted to several SDR nodes located at different places, enabling parrallel signal search.
Server software SDRNode receives IQ streams from the different SDR hardwares, extracts the different bands, processes them and transmits the RF data using compression algorithms to limit TCP/IP network bandwidth.
Currently the hardware supported includes:
 - RTL SDR dongles
 - Perseus SDR
 - BladeRF x40 or x120
 - HackRF
 - AirSpy
 - SDRPlay (under work)
 - USRP UHD (Pro version only)
 - LimeSDR (Pro version only)
On their site they have some tutorials uploaded already. One tutorial shows how to remotely listen to airport radio with a remote Airspy, and one shows how to set up a dual-RTLSDR remote access system. This allows two RTL-SDR's to be used together, with one streaming directly from the antenna, and the second streaming via an upconverter.
Sharing Two RTL-SDR's with CloudSDR.
Sharing Two RTL-SDR's with CloudSDR.
There are also several examples of the Cloud-SDR in action over on the authors YouTube channel.
Creating a wireless RTL-SDR server with a small OpenWRT WiFi Router
Over on his blog yo2ldk has been experimenting with creating a wireless RTL-SDR server by using a mini OpenWRT based WiFi router (page in Romanian, use Google Translate for English). The router he uses is the GL iNet 802.11n 150Mbps router, which is a mini WiFi router that only costs $27 USD and is about the same size as an RTL-SDR dongle. It is mainly intended for use with IoT devices, but it runs the Linux based OpenWRT firmware and has enough processing power and WiFi bandwidth to run an rtl_tcp server streaming at 2MSPS with no lag.
With an RTL-SDR connected and the router running rtl_tcp, the router can be placed anywhere there is power (yo2ldk uses a portable battery pack) to create a remote radio receiver with absolutely no coax cable losses. It's WiFi range could be extended over long distances by using a directional Yagi antenna.
Using routers instead of mini computers like the recently released Raspberry Pi 3 may be a good option because they are very small, usually much cheaper, maybe be more power efficient, and may work better at transmitting the large amounts of data rtl_tcp requires.
In the future yo2ldk hopes to install everything into a shielded metal case, add an upconverter and also a solar panel for remote power.
YO2LDK's remote RTL-SDR set up.
YO2LDK's remote RTL-SDR set up.
We note that if you have an old Android phone, then this could also potentially be used as a remote RTL-SDR server. To create an android RTL-SDR server simply download the Martin Marinov Android RTL2832U Driver from the Google play store. Find the IP address of your Android phone by going to Settings -> About Device -> Status -> IP Address. Then open the RTL2832U driver app and click on "Enable advanced mode (for debug & stream to PC)". Initially the rtl_tcp string will have the code "-a", simply change this to the IP address of your Android phone, for example "-a" and then click Start stream. Now on a remote PC connected to the same network open SDR# go to RTL-SDR (TCP) and type in the IP address of the phone and use the port number 14423. Click the play button and you should now be streaming your RTL-SDR data over WiFi.
New Raspberry PI Remote RTL-SDR GUI Software: MNM4SDR
Recently RTL-SDR.com reader Slaven Krilic wrote in to use to announce his project called MNM4SDR which stands for Monitoring Network Manager for RTL-SDR. The software allows you to set up a remote Raspberry PI embedded computer with an RTL-SDR dongle attached and access it remotely through a Windows PC GUI.
Unlike other server software such as rtl_tcp, raw IQ data is not sent over the network. Instead audio is first compressed in lossless FLAC or OGG formats. This allows you to use much slower network or internet connections. The software also allows you to collected RF scans over a large bandwidth in a similar way to rtl_power.
The software works over an SSH connection and requires that you have RTL-SDR and VLC set up on your Rasperry Pi first.
MNM4SDR: Monitoring Network Manager for RTL-SDR
MNM4SDR: Monitoring Network Manager for RTL-SDR
OpenWebRX: A Multi-User RTL-SDR Receiver with Web Interface
From Reddit we've learned of a new web based SDR receiver software for the RTL-SDR called OpenWebRX. This python based software allows you to run a web server that allows multiple users to connect to an RTL-SDR and listen to it through a web interface. The web interface also allows the RTL-SDR frequency and mode settings to be controlled. The software appears to still be in beta, so it may have some bugs.
The author has also written his BSc. thesis on this software and it is available for reading here. The thesis describes his software design and implementation as well as some SDR theory and may be useful to anyone wishing to implement similar SDR software.
OpenWebRX Web Interface.
OpenWebRX Web Interface.


-11608-9}, url = {_URL_ author = {Emilien Az{\'e}ma and Farhang Radja{\"\i} and Jean-Noel~ Roux} } _USER_ {584, title = {Impact of saccharides on the drying kinetics of agarose gels measured by in-situ interferometry}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, volume = {7}, year = {2017}, month = {Jan-23-2017}, pages = { Article Number: 41185 }, abstract = {
Agarose gels are viscoelastic soft solids that display a porous microstructure filled with water at 90\% w/w or more. Despite an extensive use in food industry and microbiology, little is known about the drying kinetics of such squishy solids, which suffers from a lack of time-resolved local measurements. Moreover, only scattered empirical observations are available on the role of the gel composition on the drying kinetics. Here we study by in-situ interferometry the drying of agarose gels of various compositions cast in Petri dishes. The gel thinning is associated with the displacement of interference fringes that are analyzed using an efficient spatiotemporal filtering method, which allows us to assess local thinning rates as low as 10 nm/s with high accuracy. The gel thinning rate measured at the center of the dish appears as a robust observable to quantify the role of additives on the gel drying kinetics and compare the drying speed of agarose gels loaded with various non-gelling saccharides of increasing molecular weights. Our work shows that saccharides systematically decrease the agarose gel thinning rate up to a factor two, and exemplifies interferometry as a powerful tool to quantify the impact of additives on the drying kinetics of polymer gels.
}, doi = {10.1038/srep41185}, url = {_URL_ author = {Mao, Bosi and Divoux, Thibaut and Snabre, Patrick} } _USER_ {245, title = {Inhomogeneity in Cement Hydrates: Linking Local Packing to Local Pressure}, journal = {Journal of Nanomechanics and Micromechanics}, volume = {7}, year = {2017}, month = {Mar-03-2017}, pages = {Article Number: UNSP 04017003}, abstract = {
Nanoscale structural heterogeneities were recently revealed in computational and experimental studies of calcium silicate hydrates in hardened cement pastes. In this work their consequences for the mechanics are analyzed by computing local pressures in model samples at different overall densities, corresponding to different initial water-to-cement ratios. The correlations between pore size distributions, local density, local cohesive energy, and local pressure clearly show how in these materials structural heterogeneities may be the origin of significant mechanical heterogeneities. The results indicate that even at high density pressure, heterogeneities develop during the densification of cement hydrates and result in the coexistence of regions of high positive pressure with regions of negative pressure, in spite of the overall mechanical stability of the samples. Furthermore, the regions of negative pressure, prone to mechanical instabilities and local plastic processes, tend to be localized close to the surface of large mesopores and hence to be more significant at higher initial water content.
Inhomogeneity in Cement Hydrates: Linking Local Packing to Local Pressure. Available from: _URL_ [accessed Oct 2, 2017].
}, issn = {2153-5434}, doi = {10.1061/(ASCE)NM.2153-5477._PHONE_}, author = {Katerina Ioannidou and Emanuela Del Gado and Franz-Josef Ulm and Roland Jean-Marc Pellenq} } _USER_ {613, title = {Inorganic, Hybridized and Living Macrocellular Foams: {\textquotedblleft}Out of the Box{\textquotedblright} Heterogeneous Catalysis}, journal = {The Chemical Record}, volume = {18}, year = {2017}, month = {Dec-01-2017}, pages = {776-787}, abstract = {
With this personal account we show how the Integrative Chemistry, when combining the sol-gel process and concentrated emulsions, allows to trigger inorganic, hybrid or living materials when dedicated toward heterogeneous catalysis applications. In here we focus on 3D-macrocellular monolithic foams bearing hierarchical porosities and applications thereof toward heterogeneous catalysis where both activities and mass transport are enhanced. We thereby first depict the general background of emulsions, focusing on concentrated ones, acting as soft templates for the design of solid (HIPE) foams, HIPE being the acronym for High Internal Phase Emulsions while encompassing both sol-gel and polymer chemistry. Secondly we extend this approach toward the design of inorganic cellular materials labeled Si(HIPE) and hybrid organic-inorganic foams, labeled Organo-Si(HIPE), where heterogeneous catalysis applications are addressed considering acidic, metallic, enzymatic and bacterial-based modified Si-HIPE. Along, we will show how the fluid hydrodynamic within the macrocellular foams is offering advanced \"out of the box\" heterogeneous catalytic capabilities.
}, keywords = {catalysts; emulsion-templating; integrative chemistry; porous matter; sol-gel process}, doi = {10.1002/tcr.v18.7-_PHONE_/tcr.201700075}, url = {_URL_ author = {Roucher, Armand and Depardieu, Martin and Pekin, Deniz and Morvan, Micka{\"e}l and Backov, Renal} } _USER_ {271, title = {Implicit frictional-contact model for soft particle systems}, journal = {Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids}, volume = {83}, year = {2015}, month = {Oct-2015}, pages = {72 - 87}, abstract = {
We introduce a novel numerical approach for the simulation of soft particles interacting via frictional contacts. This approach is based on an implicit formulation of the Material Point Method, allowing for large particle deformations, combined with the Contact Dynamics method for the treatment of unilateral frictional contacts between particles. This approach is both precise due to the treatment of contacts with no regularization and artificial damping parameters, and robust due to implicit time integration of both bulk degrees of freedom and relative contact velocities at the nodes representing the contact points. By construction, our algorithm is capable of handling arbitrary particle shapes and deformations. We illustrate this approach by two simple 2D examples: a Hertz contact and a rolling particle on an inclined plane. We also investigate the compaction of a packing of circular particles up to a solid fraction well above the jamming limit of hard particles. We find that, for the same level of deformation, the solid fraction in a packing of frictional particles is above that of a packing of frictionless particles as a result of larger particle shape change.
}, issn = {00225096}, doi = {10.1016/j.jmps.2015.06.007}, author = {Saeid Nezamabadi and Farhang Radja{\"\i} and Julien Averseng and Jean-Yves Delenne} } _USER_ {151, title = {Inference of the phase-to-mechanical property link via coupled X-ray spectrometry and indentation analysis: Application to cement-based materials}, journal = {Cement and Concrete Research}, volume = {67}, year = {2015}, month = {Jan-2015}, pages = {271 - 285}, abstract = {
A novel approach for the chemo-mechanical characterization of cement-based materials is presented, which combines the classical grid indentation technique with elemental mapping by scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS). It is illustrated through application to an oil-well cement system with siliceous filler. The characteristic X-rays of major elements (silicon, calcium and aluminum) are measured over the indentation region and mapped back on the indentation points. Measured intensities together with indentation hardness and modulus are considered in a clustering analysis within the framework of Finite Mixture Models with Gaussian component density function. The method is able to successfully isolate the calcium-silica-hydrate gel at the indentation scale from its mixtures with other products of cement hydration and anhydrous phases; thus providing a convenient means to link mechanical response to the calcium-to-silicon ratio quantified independently via X-ray wavelength dispersive spectroscopy. A discussion of uncertainty quantification of the estimated chemo-mechanical properties and phase volume fractions, as well as the effect of chemical observables on phase assessment is also included.
}, issn = {00088846}, doi = {10.1016/j.cemconres.2014.09.001}, author = {Konrad J. Krakowiak and Wilson, William and James, Simon and Musso, Simone and Franz-Josef Ulm} } _USER_ {154, title = {Internal friction and absence of dilatancy of packings of frictionless polygons}, journal = {Physical Review E}, volume = {91}, year = {2015}, month = {Jan-30-2015


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"If McDonald's can empower millions of franchise employees to make millions of perfect Big Macs a week, can a social enterprise empower hundreds of thousands to provide basic health care or education to their communities?
Of course Big Macs aren't the same as education or health care, but here are five practices from big companies that social enterprises or NGOs more broadly could adopt to deliver the same quality of goods or services to a huge number of people in a vast array of different contexts:"


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- Define "public policy" and describe the policymaking process as it applies to American national government institutions.
- Explain the principles underlying the American health-care system and the issues facing that system.
- Describe the environmental policies of the United States and the role of the Environmental Protection Agency in implementing these policies.
- Analyze American energy policy and discuss how it encourages energy independence.
- Describe the national policies for ending poverty in the United States and alleviating the issues caused by economic downturns.
- Discuss the issues raised by immigration into the United States and the proposed reforms to the immigration system.


Ellis van Creveld syndrome (EVC) is a rare form of skeletal dysplasia that effects approximately 1 in 150,000 people, though it is more common in certain ethnic and racial groups, such as the American Amish. Treatment of symptoms may include monitoring and surgery by doctors who specialize in skeletal dysplasia.
If you have a child with EVC, you want him or her to receive comprehensive care from a team of experts. At University of Missouri Health Care, we are the region's experts in treating skeletal dysplasia diseases. We are actively involved with national research for treatments, and the leader of our team, Daniel Hoernschemeyer, MD, sits on the medical advisory board of the Little People of America so he can be actively involved with the issues affecting the health of skeletal dysplasia patients.
Ellis van Creveld syndrome CHARACTERISTICS
People with EVC can expect to reach a height of 3-foot-7 to 5-3. Common features include extra fingers and toes, knock-knees, teeth irregularities and heart defects.
Ellis van Creveld syndrome DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
A diagnosis of Ellis van Creveld syndrome can be made using clinical assessments, radiological imaging and genetic testing. Surgery is required to remove extra fingers and toes for patients who have polydactylism. Knock-knees often progresses as the child gets older and should be monitored with a series of X-rays called an extremity alignment series. Surgery is necessary if the patient has significant pain walking. More than half of EVC patients have heart defects at birth and should be followed by a cardiologist. A pediatric dentist can help manage teeth concerns, which can include week, missing or poorly formed teeth.
Click here for more detailed information and resources on Ellis van Creveld syndrome.


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Phlebectomy is a minimally-invasive procedure that is used to treat severe cases of venous disease caused by a condition known as venous reflux, in which damaged veins allow blood to flow backward and pool. It involves the physical removal of a diseased vein in the following manner:
- The affected veins are mapped using a marker while the patient is in a standing position.
- The veins to be removed are anesthetized with local anesthesia
- A series of small punctures are made that follow the course of the marked veins.
- A tiny crochet-needle like instrument is inserted into the punctures, through which small segments of the veins are gently removed, one at a time.
As a result of this procedure, blood that had been pooling in the affected vein will re-route its course through healthy veins.


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Greenland Expeditioning. A Balanced Perspective
By Eric Philips
Published on Explorers Web _URL_ - 2005
In 1888 the Norwegian Fridtjof Nansen and his team made the first crossing of Greenland (locally known as Kalaallit Nunaat). It was a pioneering and extraordinarily daring exploit that relied not on dogs but their own human-power and rudimentary sledge-rigged sails made from their tent floors. This expedition into the unknown interior of an icecap is widely regarded as heralding a new era of polar endeavor, that of icecap exploration, which ultimately lead to the Heroic Era of Antarctica exploration and the attainment of the South Pole.
The American, Robery Peary, of North Pole fame/infamy, spent many years in Greenland before his Arctic Ocean era. His early expeditions explored the lower icecap east of Qaanaaq (Thule) but in 1891-92 he dog-sledded across the northern and wider sector of the icecap from McCormick Bay, near the current Thule Air Base, to Independence Fiord and back, a distance of over 2000 kilometers. This expedition revealed that Greenland was not part of a continent but indeed an island. Subsequent Peary expeditions to Ellesmere Island established a North Pole credo that is steadfast to this day – that despite it's more southerly location, the northern tip of Ellesmere is a preferred start point for North Pole expeditions than Greenland's furthest north, Cape Morris Jesup.
With the world obsessed by Antarctica during the ensuing years little interest was shown in the Greenland icecap until the 1930's when the young British gun Gino Watkins lead the British Arctic Air Route Expedition, a project backed by Pan-America to establish a trans-polar air link between America and Europe. One of the objectives of this expedition included a crossing of the Greenland icecap. After Watkins' untimely death during a solo hunting sortie amongst the pack-ice on the east coast, the east-west crossing was carried out by the Australian John Rymill and his British colleague Wilfred Hampton using dogs. Dog-sledding and tracked vehicles became the norm for the sporadic crossings during the following decades.
Military might came to Greenland in the 50's with the construction of four Distant Early Warning radar stations, Dye 1, 2, 3 and 4. Built to monitor Russian warplanes during the Cold War, the DEW line was decommissioned between 1986 and 1992 and Dye 2, situated on the Arctic Circle, is visited by most expeditions on the standard Greenland traverse.
Not until 1965 did the second human/wind-powered crossing occur, a Scottish expedition including the first woman to traverse Greenland. From memory the Danish explorer/architect John Andersen and his team made the next crossing in the early 70's, also using sledge-rigged sails a la Nansen, and since then there has been a steady stream of teams across the world's second largest icecap.
Greenland is a 'special cultural community' of the Kingdom of Denmark but is administered by its own Home Rule Government. It is the largest island in the world, approximately 2650km long extending from just below 60N at Cape Farewell to almost 84N at Cape Morris Jesup. Its widest breadth is in the north of the island, about 1000km extending from Cape Alexander near Qanaaq to Lambert Land south of Independence Fiord, and tapers to the south. The icecap (often referred to as the 'inland ice') covers 82% of the island and reaches an elevation of 3238m at around 72.30N, 37W. The Northeast Greenland National Park is the largest in the world and its town of Danneborg is home to the famous Sirius Patrol, a crack team of Danish soldiers who maintain military surveillance over the area.
Greenland is the perfect training ground for those with Antarctic ambitions and many teams complete expeditions across the icecap before heading south, myself included. It is also, together with the North and South Poles, part of the classic polar trifecta. Few have followed Nansen's shorter route in the south from Umivik to Nuuk but most choose to cross from east to west, typically from the Tasiilaq (Ammassalik) region to Kangerlussuaq (Sondre Stromfjord) roughly following the Arctic Circle, a distance of around 550km. A number of lateral crossings are possible between the various towns that pepper the west and east coasts, including a diagonal traverse from Qaanaaq to Tasiilaq of approximately 1700km, completed by Reinhold Messner and his brother Gunter in 1990. Incidentally theirs was one of the first polar expeditions to use traction kites. Longitudinal traverses are longer and more difficult as they remain longer at elevation and experience colder temperatures in the north. They are more noteworthy because, in comparison to lateral traverses, they are rare. Longitudinal non-mechanised traverses to date include:
Of the 30-40 lateral expeditions, many of them guided, that cross the Greenland icecap every season, almost all cross from the Tasiilaq region to Kangerlussuaq (roughly following the Arctic Circle), and few of these stand out. This is not to belittle their achievements - all expeditions require skill and dedication - but, like the standard route to the South Pole from Hercules Inlet, they show little individuality (though individuality can be demonstrated in the use of innovative techniques). It is also difficult to compare the achievements as most expeditions are airlifted to their start-point on the edge of the plateau, above the difficult flanks that are often devoid of snow cover. Yet about 100km south of Tasiilaq, only 5 or 6 kilometres from the small town of Isortoq, the icecap extends down to sea level, as it does for much of the coastline that extends 200km southward. And on the west coast most expeditions descend the western flank towards Kangerlussuaq via a graded ice road that runs a significant distance into Greenland's interior (no longer maintained as of this year).
The recent Greenspeed Expedition, a double crossing, was choppered to the plateau edge approximately 10km inland from the east coast and, more significantly, around 1000m above sea level. On the western side they turned around for the return crossing approx. 35km east of Kangerlussuaq at the head of the fiord and around 700m altitude. This expedition rightly claims a record crossing of the Greenland icecap at 6 days, 23 hours, beating the previous 8-day record (which was done without kites). So, their record is very specific and cannot be compared with expeditions that cross from sea level to sea level or those not using kites. For example a recent expedition by Australians Rob Rymill and Ben Deacon dog sledded from Tasiilaq across Ammassalik Island, boated across Sermilik Fiord and trekked over the coastal mountains to the plateau, adding two days to their ski/kite journey. Of course Greenspeed also cannot be compared with the much longer and more challenging south-north crossings but it remains a notable expedition because it was fast, it made the return journey and it used the internet effectively to broadcast its progress.
Personally, I'm not big into record-breaking attempts on polar expeditions, and even less energised by non-guided adventurers who feel the need to abide by some arbitrary adventuring template. I'm more inspired by expeditions that push the exploration angle of adventure, like Chris Bray and Clark Carter's current trek across Victoria Island in the Canadian Arctic or the little-know traverse of Canada's Axel Heiberg Island this year. Such expeditions show innovation and individuality and don't shy away from the fact that untracked terrain and novel techniques increase the possibility of failure.
Every Greenland expedition must be approved by the Danish Polar Center in Copenhagen and must be completed in their stipulated season of April 1 to October 15. No winter crossings are permitted and dog-sled journeys can only use dogs living in Greenland. Despite these restrictions Greenland is a magnificent and accessible destination for anyone with polar dreams. An expedition on this great icecap can be anything you want it to be – an extended, ground-breaking journey, a short personal discovery over the standard route or a blitzing dash using the savvy (and in my opinion unsupported) method of wind-assisted travel. And Greenland has the added benefit over Antarctica of exposure to an Arctic culture, albeit peripheral and fleeting. Because of the comparatively low costs and good internal transport infrastructure, the options are almost infinite. Yet this capacity for virtually unlimited scope - where a lateral traverse can range in distance from 250km to 1000km, with or without kites, from sea level or icecap edge - has created an unrealistic and misconstrued desire for record-breaking and record-keeping. There are just too many variables and in the words of my good friend and travelling companion, Jon Muir, it's not just a can of worms, but a 'bucket of snakes'. I believe that, irrespective of the plan, the doing and the outcome, if we have done the best we can we should remember but one thing – that adventure is its own reward.
Websites to visit
1 – Cape Morris Jesup
2 – Independence Fiord
3 – Danneborg
4 – Tasiilaq (Ammassalik)


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Moon Dike Map
This map of one side of the moon shows the location of some of the giant dikes identified by NASA's GRAIL mission. These dikes are solidified magma filled cracks with lengths up to 300 miles (480 kilometers) and widths of up to 24 miles (40 kilometers). The formation of these dikes tells us that the moon expanded during the first billion years of its history, with its radius increasing by as much as 3 miles (5 kilometers). This early expansion of the moon was previously predicted by theoretical models, and is now confirmed by GRAIL gravity data.
The base map consists of topographic shaded data from NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter's Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter.
Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/CSM