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Total White Population 36 Years Old (Metro)
Product: Business StatsDate Updated: July 2019Update Tips
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 * Data is projected for years 2018-2050.
 Years Available: 1990–2050
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 General Notes: White includes people who identify themselves as White and people who do not identify themselves by any race but identify themselves by nationality such as Canadian, German, Italian, Arab, Lebanese, Near Eastern, or Polish. Hispanic population are persons of Spanish origin regardless of race; White, African American, American Indian or Alaskan Native, and Asian or Pacific Islander populations do not include Hispanic persons; these four races plus Hispanics sum to total residential population. Historical data are revised each year and some historical data are estimated for witheld data due to disclosure and confidentiality policies.
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text:
Children love to write notes (writing is not too long and can be powerful) – why not write a postcard? AND design a STAMP?
Use full sentences and published handwriting formations.
Design a picture and stamp to go with your message (visual language). The options are endless.
Lesson plan and teacher notes/ideas
4 BLANK Postcard templates WITH AND WITHOUT stamps/variety of templates (ONE INCLUDES postage mark)
You can draw your own writing lines on to suit your students' level
Design a stamp page - cut out and glue on
Suitable for ESL and Homeschool students too
Written and Visual Language
Children will love this writing idea and the finished product is fun and children want to write and read them

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


The dental monomer HEMA causes proteome changes in human THP‐1 monocytes -
Resin-based biomaterials are widely used in medical and dental treatment, and both clinicians and patients are exposed to the materials.
The present approach to analyzing the toxic potential of HEMA yielded information on interactions with living cells is not previously reported. This detailed information is of great value to make better predictions of possible side effects in the clinic.


In general, Simulated objects are considered a black box where Rapise cannot make any firm assumptions. A good example is Canvas where the application draws something (it may be text, graphics etc). Rapise may learn how to reach the canvas object, but it is not able to identify the objects inside.
Canvas may be flexible, information in it may depend on system DPI, screen resolution etc. So there are two approaches for such situations:
 1. Try to look inside canvas. The canvas may be an applet exposing some UI Automation technology (such as flash etc) and there may be APIs to read it.
 2. Try to fix the environment. For instance, make application full screen before test execution. Make sure screen size is the same.
 In addition to these 2 approaches there is plenty of possible workarounds available for specific situations. For example, sometimes we cannot grab information from an element but we may take it from alt="..." attribute or from src.


3731 total record number 2 records this year
Anterior and posterior parts of the rat ventral tegmental area and the rostromedial tegmental nucleus receive topographically distinct afferents from the lateral habenular complex
Petzel, A;Bernard, R;Poller, WC;Veh, RW;
That activation of the reward system involves increased activity of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) is widely accepted. In contrast, the lateral habenular complex (LHb), which is known as the center of the anti-reward system, directly and indirectly inhibits DA neurons in the VTA. The VTA, however, is not a homogenous entity. Instead, it displays major functional differences between its anterior (aVTA) and posterior (pVTA) regions. It is not precisely known, whether habenular input to the aVTA, pVTA, and the newly recognized rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg) are similarly or differently organized. Consequently, the present investigation addressed the connections between LHb and aVTA, pVTA, and RMTg using retrograde and anterograde tracing techniques in the rat. Our experiments disclosed strictly reciprocal and conspicuously focal interconnections between LHbM (LHbMPc/LHbMC) and PN, as well as between RLi and LHbLO. In addition, we found that LHb inputs to the aVTA are dorsoventrally ordered. Dorsal parts of the aVTA receive afferents from LHbL and LHbM, whereas ventral parts of the aVTA are preferentially targeted by the LHbM. LHb afferents to the pVTA are distinct from those to the RMTg, given that the RMTg is primarily innervated from the LHbL, whereas pVTA receives afferents from LHbM and LHbL. These data indicate the existence of two separate pathways from the LHb to the VTA, a direct and an indirect one, which may subserve distinct biological functions.


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Google have launched a new climate simulator. This could be a great tool.
Google Earth launches climate simulator [Guardian]
In collaboration with the Danish government and others, we are launching a series of Google Earth layers and tours to allow you to explore the potential impacts of climate change on our planet and the solutions for managing it. Working with data from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), we show on Google Earth the range of expected temperature and precipitation changes under different global emissions scenarios that could occur throughout the century.


What is the 555 timer?
Timer 555 is an 8-terminal integrated circuit that is used for generating time slots. Although it is mainly used as a timer to activate or deactivate some circuits or electronic components, we can also use it as a pulse generator, multivibrator, alarm, digital switch, among other more specific applications.
Timer 555
555 timer terminals
GND: The earth is placed in this terminal.
Trip: It is used to activate the integrated circuit.
Output: Here the component or circuit that we want to activate is connected.
Reset: It is used to reset the circuit, if we do not use it we must connect it to the positive pole.
Voltage control: It is used to modify the Vref of the comparators in order to modify the threshold and trip voltage and this can be used to modify the shape of the output wave. If this terminal is not used, a 10nf capacitor is placed to avoid interference.
Threshold: It is a comparator that establishes the timing time.
Discharge: It is used to generate the low-level time or 0, while the capacitor discharges, the output is at a low level.
Supply voltage: Used to supply each of the internal parts of the timer.
Parts 555
555 Settings
This circuit is characterized by having the ability to be configured in different ways, whether it works with cycles that repeat over and over again with a single pulse (Astable) or a single cycle per pulse or better known as a monostable timer.
Timer 555 Astable
This type is characterized by having an output that is repeated over and over, thus taking a square waveform. This signal has two states, one low and one high, each of which has different operating times, that is, one for the activation signal known as T1 and another for the low T2.
The duration times depend on the values of the resistors: R1 and R2 and the capacitor C1.
T1 = 0.693 (R1 + R2) C1
T2 = 0.693 x R2 x C1 (in seconds)
The frequency with which the output signal oscillates is given by the formula:
f = 1 / T
and the period is simply
T = 1 / f
555 astable
Timer 555 Monostable
In this case, the timer needs a pulse at the trigger terminal to generate an active output for the programmed time. Once the cycle ends, it can be restarted as many times as necessary, it is only a matter of generating a pulse at the trigger terminal.
The connection diagram and the input and output waveforms are shown in the following image. We can see that the high-level time of the output depends on the resistance R1 and the capacitor C1.
555 monostable
The formula to calculate the duration time (time that the output is at a high level) is:
T = 1.1 x R1 x C1 (in seconds)
555 Timer Metal Detector


Strategic aims
As we set into our second century, our Strategic Plan provides a framework for activities over the next five years.
British Ecological Society image of underwater image of leaves
Our vision is:
A world inspired, informed and influenced by ecology
Our mission is:
To generate, communicate and promote ecological knowledge and solutions.
Our major goal are:
1: Communicate world-leading ecological science
We will provide a robust, diverse and innovative range of communication channels to advance ecological science and understanding. We will be seen by the international ecological community as the best platform for the communication and dissemination of their work to their peers.
2: Generate, synthesise and exchange ecological knowledge
We will support producers and users of ecological science in the generation, synthesis and exchange of ideas and knowledge. We will do this by; catalysing innovation in ecological science, fostering a vibrant and strong ecological community, providing outlets for ecological knowledge, and encouraging interdisciplinary work.
3: Share the excitement and relevance of ecology
We will engage in a dialogue with our members to share the relevance of ecological science, and show how it can meet national and global challenges. We will increase our public outreach activity, and the capacity of ecologists to communicate with different audiences. We will raise our profile and the influence of ecology across government, business and the third sector.
4. Inspire, engage and recognise talent
We will maintain and enhance a strong, vibrant and responsive global community of ecologists. We will increase engagement with and among all present and future members to foster their abilities and skills to achieve a world informed by ecology.
5: Build a sustainable, resilient and efficient Society
We will grow and diversify our membership to ensure the Society continues to thrive. We will increase our variety of income streams and monitor income and expenditure trends to ensure financial stability. We will continue to develop our staff so they have the right skills to support the Society and operate more efficiently.
Find our more in our Strategic Plan


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1.(TCOs C, H) Describe customer perceived value, total customer benefit, and total customer cost. How do the total customer benefit and the total customer cost affect the consumer's perception?
2. (TCOs C, H) What are some of the ways that a business can attract and retain customers?
3. (TCOs C, H) What are the five stages in the buying decision process? Briefly describe each.
4. (TCOs C, H) What is a niche market? What does an attractive niche market look like?
5. (TCOs C, H) What is a market segment? What are some of the factors that may be used to narrow the market down into segments?
6. (TCOs C, H) How would you describe a brand? What roles do brands play in the market?
7. (TCOs C, H) What is brand equity? Provide an example.
8. (TCOs C, H) When you analyze your competitors, what are the areas of greatest concern? Using the soft drink industry, provide examples of the type of information required.
- This tutorial was purchased 9 times and rated No Rating by students like you.
- Posted on Jan. 21, 2012 at 11:18:12AM
522-Week-3-Checkpoint-solutions.doc (31K) (Preview)
- This tutorial has appended information.


FRIDAY: Celebrating Catholic School Donors
TIP: Use this as a step in a multi-layered advancement strategy. Follow up with thank-you notes, encourage donors to save the date for Many Gifts, One Nation: A Day of Giving to Catholic Schools, and track their engagement.
Suggestions for Celebrating Catholic School Donors
 - Make donors feel part of your community. People are more inclined to give when others are doing the same, by explaining how their single gift is leveraged by the support of others, people better understand the broader impact of their donation.
 - Educate on the importance of philanthropic support. Many prospective donors do not understand that Catholic schools cannot thrive on tuition dollars alone. Donors need to be educated about the economic reality of the Catholic school as it relates to local and national financial constraints.
 - Clearly and persuasively describe the need. In no more than three sentences, explain why your school is seeking a gift.
 - Thank donors. When accepting gifts, ask donors to provide their name as they would like it published in your giving report. This is a personalized touch that shows you appreciate their contribution.
 - Set up a "thank-you" page on your website and say "thanks" to all those who work at the school and who volunteer.
 - Send a list of faculty, staff and volunteers to the parish bulletin editors with a note of thanks and inviting anyone who would like to be a part of the school family to get contact the school.
 - Create a social media post thanking your school's faculty, staff and volunteers and use _TAG_.


Chain-reactive burst
We designed "chain-reactive burst" system as follows.
Each liposome contains triggers and drugs inside, and aptamers for the trigger on its surface. When liposomes are destroyed, new triggers and drugs are released. To achieve liposomal burst by outside triggers, we propose the following two approaches.
 - i) Bending approach
 - ii) Flower micelle approach
 - First, we considered a theory to disrupt liposomes by a trigger DNA signal through calculation. If a liposome is destroyed, its size becomes smaller. We estimated the free energy gap between the two liposomal states: a large liposome and a small one. And discuss which size of liposomes is more stable.
 Please see the details (Go to Calculation).
 i)Bending Approach
 Fig.1 Process of bending approach
 Our bending approach consists of the following four steps.
 1.Cholesterol-conjugated DNA strands (in the rest of this document, referred to as "aptamers") attach to the surfaces of liposomes.
 2. Then, DNA origami complementary to the aptamer is added as triggers.
 3. Triggers bind to the surfaces of liposomes and give a load on the membrane.
 4. Due to the load by triggers, liposomes are destroyed.
 a) Mechanism of bending membranes
 To destroy liposomes, we focused on the mechanism the living things use to bend cell membranes. We consider that if we could make use of the mechanism of bending membranes (destabilizing membranes), it would lead to the collapse of membranes. The following three mechanisms have been proposed as of now (Membrane-bending proteins)
 Fig.2 Mechanism of bending membranes
 The mechanism A is that amphipathic molecules are inserted into the cell membrane and the bending is caused. The inner hydrophobic part of the lipid bilayer has a strong adhesive power for the two leaflets. Thus, once the amphipathic molecules are inserted into one leaflet of the membrane and expand it, the other leaflet bends according to it, making its surface area smallest.
 The mechanism B is that the molecule attached to the membrane becomes a rigid scaffold and distort the membrane under itself, or stabilize the already bended membrane.
 The mechanism C is that lipid molecules are clustered in one leaflet of the membrane and the inequality of lipid quantity makes the membrane bend.
 Most membrane bending proteins combine the above three mechanisms.
 In addition, a theory that protein crowding causes the bending of cell membranes ( Membrane bending by proteinprotein crowding) has recently been suggested. This mechanism is that the collision of membrane proteins produces lateral pressure on membranes and distorts them.
 Due to the above reasons, the efficient design for destabilizing membranes is the structures that :
 - have rigid scaffolds
 - have large surface areas to maximize the effect of the scaffold on the membrane
 - produce a large pressure by collisions
 - b) Rigid scaffolds
 To make rigid scaffolds, we took note of DNA origami, because DNA origami is a method for making rigid structures of any shape. Moreover, we adopted a 2D structure to make the surface area largest.
 We also designed rectangle and triangle to make the pressure of the collision highest.
 Fig.3 Rectangle origami and triangle origami
 We suppose that rectangle and triangle structures are most effective for the following reasons.
 Rectangle is expected to work as one scaffold in itself; triangle (the most efficient figure that covers a sphere) structures, to gather and work as one big rigid scaffold.
 The design of our rectangular DNA origami is as below.
 Fig.4 Rectangular origami
 Fig.5 DNA origami designed by caDNAno
 We used caDNAno2 for our DNA origami design.
 The DNA origami has a rectangle shape of 67.6nm (26 helixes) by 127 nm (374 bases).
 We cut out a smaller rectangle of 10 helixes by 161 bases at one edge of this origami, so that we could distinguish the two sides during AFM (Atomic Force Microscope) observation.
 Besides, to destabilize the membrane by inserting this origami, we designed 141 staples at the center of the origami to hybridize with aptamers (These aptamers give our origami amphipathicity), and enabled it to insert into the membrane.
 To sum up, the aptamer not only connects DNA origami and liposomes but also inserts into the membrane and destabilizes it.
 Fig.6 Unstable liposome
 ii)Flower micelle approach
 Fig.7 Process of flower micelle approach
 Fig.8 Flower micelle method
 There is a method called flower micelles for collapsing liposomes.
 In this method, we cover the surfaces of liposomes with many copolymer rings. The rings can be distorted by heating, place some stress on the liposomes, and collapse them.
 We tried to collapse liposomes by applying this mechanism of flower micelles.
 1. First, we mix aptamers (the same strands as used in i) Bending approach), loop strands, and liposomes.
 Each of the loop strands is designed to have two complementary parts to aptamers at its both ends. So when it binds to the aptamers at the both ends, the middle part remains single-stranded and becomes a loop.
 As an aptamer is cholesterol-conjugated and has high affinity for a liposome, it floats on a liposome and enables the aptamer-loop strand complex attach to the liposome. In other words, a loop strand hybridizes with a liposome via two aptamers.
 Fig.9 Make loops on the surface of a liposome
 2. Next, we add a trigger strand corresponding (complementary) to the loop strand on the liposome. The trigger strand hybridizes with the loop part, making it change to be straight.
 3. The double-stranded part keeps straight (though it was originally a loop part), because the trigger strand is designed to be shorter than its persistence length.
 Fig.10 How to straighten loop
 4.In this process, some stress is placed on the liposome, and it is collapsed.
 Fig.11 Liposomal burst
 It is considered if some triggers are kept inside a liposome, and the liposomal membrane is collapsed by the above i) and ii) methods from the outside, it would be much easy to trigger "Chain-reactive burst", because the released triggers serve as new triggers for neighbor liposomes.
 We designed the DNA sequences for this approach by DNA design, software for designing DNA sequences.
 We arranged three kinds of loop strands.
 Each loop strand has a 40nt, 20nt, or 10nt loop part (shown below in black and blue), which becomes a loop after the hybridization of the whole loop strand with aptamers.
 The blue part of a loop strand is complementary to a corresponding trigger strand (also shown in blue). So a loop strand and a trigger strand are expected to hybridize with each other, place some stress on a liposome, and collapse it.
 The red part of a loop strand is complementary to an aptamer (shown in red). Cooperating with aptamers, it enables the whole loop strand to attach to the surface of a liposome.
 Aptamers are the same strands as those used in i)Bending approach.
 Aptamer DNA
 CCAGAAGACG -cholesterol
 40nt loop DNA
 Trigger DNA for 40 nt loop DNA
 20nt loop DNA
 Trigger DNA for 20 nt loop DNA
 10nt loop DNA
 Trigger DNA for 10 nt loop DNA
 温度上昇を感知して割れて始まりのトリガーを放出するイニシエーターとして私たちはPNIPAM付リポソームを使用した。 Hydrophobicity of NIPAM varies at temperatures. NIPAM is hydrophilic at less than 32 ºC, but it become hydrophobic and shrinks at > 32 ºC. Therefore, liposomes containing a modified NIPAM (poly(NIPAM-co-AA-co-ODA) in their membranes become unstable at high temperature (temperature-sensitive liposomes). Consequently, increasing temperature disrupt the liposomes.
 Reference( pdf)


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Many people taking into consideration to smoke joints. Many others don't. Thankfully, there are numerous ways that you can acquire high without rolling papers. Not by yourself can you use traditional methods gone pipes or bongs, but you can furthermore acquire creative and make your own smoking devices out of household items.
Joints have long been an iconic portion of marijuana culture. Many people elevate them for their simplicity, their ease of use, and their flavour. However, situations may arise where smoking papers are not manageable. Moreover, some people dont with to smoke joints because of the prospect of smoking paper. Others favorably choose to consume marijuana via appendage methods that may be more highly thought of or convenient for them. Whatever the excuse, there is a broad range of rotate methods you can use to acquire high. Here is a list of some of the most expertly-known alternatives to rolling papers.
Pipes come in all shapes and sizes. They can as well as be made from any number of materials including glass, ceramic, wood, and clay. Different materials produce smoke with slightly different flavors, which is why ceramic pipes are preferred by many as they cool the smoke better and can be of a unique design. Pipes are enormously convenient because they are typically utterly easy to carry and use.
In order for materials to burn evenly in a pipe, they must be finely sports arena happening to come. If the pipe has a carb hole in relation to the side, make sure to lid it though lighting your herb and forgive it bearing in mind inhaling.
If you have the right materials, pipes can even be made at dwelling if necessary. Read around to locate out how you can make pipes out of items in the space of apples, corn husks, and water bottles.
Many people pick smoking weed out of bongs because they can acquire you definitely high, deeply speedily. Not deserted get bongs profit you quirk more than joints, but they are much more convenient past they save you the era of having to roll a joint. The on your own genuine negative considering bongs is that they require water in order to put it on properly. This can be a difficulty if water is not readily handy, or if water spills out of the bong.
Bongs can be made out of all kinds of materials including glass, metal, plastic, ceramic, and even unlimited kinds of wood similar to bamboo. They can along with come in many swap designs including carburetor bongs, percolator bongs, multi-chambered bongs, straight-tube bongs, beaker-shaped bongs, and gravity bongs.
Bubblers are once a union in the midst of a pipe and a bong. In a prudence, they are the best of both worlds. Small enough to be hence handled in the appearance of a pipe, but built to get be fuming not quite of you as high as a bong. Bubblers are typically made of glass and have a round chamber either upon the bottom or upon the side. The chamber is filled gone water, and the weed goes in the bowl. If you are looking to endeavor something interchange, or if you are looking for a more portable fable of your bong, check out a bubbler.
ALTERNATIVE ROLLING OPTIONS
If you find yourself without rolling papers, dont forget that auxiliary paper-based materials can take steps as substitutes. Items such as cigarette papers, pin wrappers, and even the Yellow Pages can be used as a the stage for regular rolling papers. The paper used in phone books is certainly skinny and totally same to regular rolling papers. The thinness of the paper will with in the future to easily bind it shut gone saliva, just in imitation of you would subsequent to regular papers. Although cigarette papers are typically thicker, epoxy resin wrappers are similarly enormously skinny and brittle.
When it comes to using rotate papers, just be complimentary to handle them purposefully to avoid tears. Additionally, be cautious gone inserting filters as it is realizable to accidentally tear the paper taking into consideration than them.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Had waterpump replaced and belts, but the reservoir keeps running out of water in traffic but seems okay on open road, mechanic has had a look and no visible leaks and checked gaskets and all okay. What could it be?
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Thanks will have this looked at! – Jason Hill Oct 17 '13 at 8:01
3 Answers 3
The hoses may not be sealing properly. When you're in traffic, your car gets about 20% hotter than on the open road, so the extra pressure caused by trapped steam (or hot air at any rate) may be forcing the water out of a leak that is invisible at lower temperatures.
At least, that's what I found with my Astra.
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How many times have you refilled the reservoir? It is possible that air was trapped in the system after the water pump replacement. After a couple of high speed runs the air may have worked its way out of the cooling system and into the reservoir. Some vehicles are more difficult to "burp then others. If you have filled it more than 2-3 times you have a leak. Ask your mechanic to test the radiator for the presence of combustion gasses which will indicate a bad head gasket. Did he do a pressure test of the cooling system or just look for drips? If doing a pressure test make sure to check the heater core as drip from it may stay in the heater box and not reach the ground.
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The question mentions having 'belts' changed. If the problem was not there before the belts were changed, and the problem involves overheating, then it is very likely that one of the belts changed was the cam belt. If the engine was not timed properly with a new cambelt fitted this would cause your problem.
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text: Nyangku traditional ceremony is a tradition which has existed since the Kingdom of Panjalu. Until now, the tradition is still conducted every year by Panjalu people. The Nyangku tradition is carried out on Monday or Thursday of the month of Maulud (Rabiul Awal) in an Islamic calendar. The aim is to commemorate the birth of Prophet Muhammad S.A.W which falls on the month of Rabiul Awal. Besides, the Nyangku tradition is conducted to commemorate Prabu Sanghyang Borosngora service, the King of Panjalu who was a follower and spreading out Islam teachings in Panjalu. Nyangku comes from Arabic language, 'Yanko' meaning to clean. But, Sundanese people pronounce the word of 'Yanko' becoming 'Nyangku'. The point of the tradition is to clean heirloom objects which belonged to Panjalu kingdom. In the past, the family of Panjalu descent provided ingredients for Nyangku ceremony, such as red rice which must be peeled by hand. The red rice was used as ingredient to make Tumpeng and offerings. Tumpeng is a cone-shaped rice dish with additional dishes of vegetables and meat. To peel un-hulled red rice has been begun since the date of 1st Maulud until one day before the implementation of the ceremony. Nyangku ritual stars by making pilgrimage to the king cemetery at Situ Lengkong, Panjalu. The ceremony usually starts at around 07.30 A.M. local time by putting out the heirloom objects from place, namely Bumi Alit. Afterwards, the heirloom objects are carried by being picked up by the descent of Panjalu king to Nusa Gede. Arriving at Situ Lengkong, the carriers of the heirloom objects which wear Moeslim and Sundanese clothes, cross by boat to Nusa Larang. Then, the heirloom objects are paraded to small building at Nusa Larang. The carriers of the heirloom objects are accompanied with tambourines rhythm and Shalawat or prayers to the main stage where the ceremony is held to clean the heirloom objects. Thus, the heirloom objects are put on special mattress. And one by one, the heirloom objects begin to be opened from its wrapping. Then, they are cleaned immediately by using water from 7 springs and added with lime water. Washing the heirloom objects starts from Prabu Sanghyang Borosngora sword. After that, it is continued with the others. After finish, those heirloom objects are smeared with special coconut oil. And then, they are wrapped again with young coconut leaves and wrapped again with 7 layers of white clothes and tied with thread. Afterwards, it is dried by using smoke of frankincense and being paraded to be stored again at Pasucian Bumi Alit.


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We study the efficient allocation of a divisible asset when reallocation is costly. Two players initially divide an asset between them. At the time of this initial division the players' valuations for the asset are uncertain. After the uncertainty resolves, costly reallocation may take place. We first establish that the surplus associated with efficient reallocation monotonically increases or decreases in the concentration of the initial division for a wide range of cost specifications. We then characterize how the budget necessary to implement the efficient reallocation changes with the initial division. (JEL D11, D63, D81)
"Reallocation Costs and Efficiency."
American Economic Journal: Microeconomics,
Consumer Economics: Theory
Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty


text:
How to Pick a Fragrance For Every Season
Each season has its own feelings and emotions, and with them go different scents. While springtime is a time of rebirth, with flower blossoms and warming light, the summer season is warm and filled with flowers and green plants. Fall is more saturated, with deeper colors and scents of musk and patchouli. Winter's cold whiteness is reflected in scents of citrus, vanilla and spice. Here are some helpful tips for choosing a fragrance for each of the four seasons.
Spring is a time of new beginnings, with the ground beginning to warm, and flower blossoms and tree buds beginning to form. Suddenly, the earth is green again, and colors begin to appear in outdoor gardens. For springtime, choose a fragrance that reflects this new awakening and feelings of joy, such as those that include notes of lily of the valley, peonies and violets.
During the long, warm days of summer, many people find themselves spending more time outdoors, celebrating holidays or just spending time with family. Choose a summer fragrance that mimics the happy, sweet, and sexy feelings of the summertime. Scents that contain sweet summer florals, such as roses and orange blossoms, mixed with fresh fruit scents like raspberry and peach can be a delightful summer fragrance. In addition, a tropical fragrance with notes of honeysuckle, island flowers, and sea salt can also be a pleasant reminder of sun-soaked days spent on the beach or vacation.
As the leaves begin to change colors and fall from the trees, the landscape turns deeper and more saturated with colors of deep reds, oranges, and browns. Fall is the time for deep, saturated and seductive fragrances, such as those containing spicy and musky notes. Look for a fragrance that contains hints of sandalwood, musk, amber, and jasmine.
Citrus and other fruity scents reflect the winter season and the holidays it brings, such as Christmas and Passover. Select a fragrance that is reminiscent of these holiday scents, such as pomegranate and vanilla bean, lemon, or orange. Spicy scents can be overpowering during the warm months but bring a warmth to the crisp winter air. Try a scent with notes of spicy cinnamon or cardamom. As the seasons change, select a fragrance that accompanies each one's attributes.
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text:
2 Aug, 2016
Determining Traces of Methanol in the NGL Sweetening Process
Many materials may be added to water to depress both the hydrate and freezing temperatures. For many practical reasons, a thermodynamic hydrate inhibitor such as methanol or one of the glycols is injected, usually monoethylene glycol (MEG or EG). Solubility loss of MEG in the gas phase is negligible and loss to the liquid hydrocarbon phase is very low. However, methanol losses are more significant, particularly vapor phase losses. The methanol content of vapor and liquid hydrocarbon phases depend on temperature, pressure and composition. Based on the GPA-Midstream RR 149 the methanol content of the gas phase can be as high as 0.075 mole % (750 PPMV) and in the liquid hydrocarbon phase as high as 0.6 mole %. Depending on the solubility losses, chemical makeup requirements for methanol can be very large and expensive for both once-through systems and methanol recovery units.
The significant amount of methanol lost to the hydrocarbon phases may cause problems for refineries, petrochemical, LNG and gas plants downstream. In gas plants where there is propane recovery the methanol will follow the propane product and can be a potential cause for propane to go off specification. Methanol has also been known to cause premature failure in molecular sieves. In refineries the methanol must be washed out of the crude/condensate, where it presents a problem in wastewater treatment. In petrochemical plants methanol is also considered poison for certain catalysts. The readers can find more detail in reference.
The October 2010 tip of the month (TOTM) considered the presence of methanol in the produced oil/water/gas stream and determined the quantitative traces of methanol ending up in the TEG dehydrated gas. The July 2016 TOTM considered the presence of methanol in the sour gas of a sweetening unit and determined the quantitative traces of methanol ending up in the sweet gas, flash gas and acid gas streams. That tip concluded that the methydeithanolamine (MDEA) sweetening process removes a considerable amount of methanol from feed sour gas. Moreover, if the methanol content of the sour gas is high, the sweetened gas may still retain high methanol content and can cause operational troubles in the downstream processes. A modified MDEA sweetening process with 100% purging of the reflux stream can reduce the sweet gas methanol content in the range of 92% to 95%.
Similar to the July 2016 TOTM, this tip will consider the presence of methanol in the sour NGL stream and determine the quantitative traces of methanol ending up in the sweet NGL, flash gas and acid gas streams. To achieve this, the tip simulates a simplified MDEA gas sweetening unit by computer [5, 6]. This tip also studies the effect of feed sour NGL methanol content, and the rate of replacing condensed reflux with fresh water on the sweet NGL methanol content. For the feed sour NGL temperature of 26.7 °C (80 °F) the tip studies five inlet NGL methanol contents of 50, 250, 500, 1000, and 1500 PPM on mole basis (30, 149, 298, 596, 894 PPMw, weight basis). In each case the tip varies the rate of fresh water replacement from 0 to 100 % by an increment of 20%. The simulated results are presented graphically.
For the purpose of illustration, this tip considers sweetening of a sour NGL stream using MDEA. Table 1 presents its composition, standard liquid volume rate, pressure, and temperature. This tip uses ProMax simulation software with "Amine Sweetening – PR" property package to perform all of the simulations.
Table 1. Feed composition, volumetric flow rate and conditions
This tip used the same modified process flow diagram of Figure 1 in the July 2016 TOTM. Note that the contactor is a liquid/liquid contactor rather than gas/liquid as in the July TOTM. A large fraction of methanol entering with the sour NGL leaves the sweetening unit via the treated NGL, flash gas and acid gas streams. However, some of the methanol is trapped and accumulates in the system and reaches its highest concentration in the regenerator reflux stream. In order to further lower the methanol concentration in the treated NGL, a fraction of reflux stream is purged via "Water Draw" stream and replaced with "Fresh Water."
In Figure 1, the "Water Draw" stream removes a specified fraction of the condensed reflux (stream 10A) and the "Fresh Water" stream adds the same amount of fresh water to the process (stream 10B). To illustrate the effect of this water replacement on lowering the methanol content of the sweet gas, the fraction of condensed water removed is varied from 0 to 100% with an increment of 20% on the mole basis.
Figure 1. Schematic for replacement of a portion of reflux stream with fresh water
The following specifications/assumptions for the case study are considered:
Liquid/Liquid Contactor Column
- Feed sour NGL is saturated with water
- Number of theoretical stages = 4
- Pressure drop = 20 kPag (3 psi)
- Lean amine solution temperature = Sour NGL feed temperature 26.7 (80)
- Number of theoretical stages = 10 (excluding condenser and reboiler)
- Rich solution feed temperature = 98.9 (210 )
- Rich solution feed pressure = 414 kPa (60 psig)
- Condenser temperature = 48.9 (120 )
- Pressure drop = 28 kPa (4 psi)
- Bottom pressure = 110 kPag (16 psig)Heat Exchangers
Reboiler duty = 132 kg of steam/m3 of amine solution (1.1 lbm/gallon) times amine circulation rate
- Lean amine cooler pressure drop = 35 kPa (5 psi)
- Rich side pressure = 35 kPa (5 psi)
- Lean side pressure = 35 kPa (5 psi)
- Discharge Pressure = Feed sour NGL pressure + 35 kPa (5 psi)
- Efficiency = 65 %
Lean Amine Concentration and Circulation Rate
- MDEA concentration in lean amine and water solution = 50 weight %
- Standard lean amine circulation rate = 11.36 Sm3/h (50 sgpm)
This rate resulted in a total acid gas loading of ~0.003 and ~ 0.15 mole acid gases/mole of amine in the lean amine and rich amine solutions, respectively. The corresponding H2S and CO2 loadings in the lean amine solution were 0.0022 and 0.0008 mole acid gas per mole amine, respectively.
Rich Amine Solution Expansion Valve
- Flash tank pressure = 448 kPag (65 psig)
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Results and Discussions:
Based on the description and specifications presented in the previous section, ProMax is used to simulate the NGL treating process. For each simulation run, the following properties are reported:
Methanol concentration in:
- Sweet NGL (PPMw)
- Flash gas from the amine flash tank (PPMV)
- Acid gas from regenerator (PPMV)
Methanol concentration (wt %) in:
- Lean amine
- Condensed reflux (stream 10)
- Returned reflux (stream 11)
H2S and CO2 concentration in the sweet NGL.
The calculated H2S and CO2 concentrations in the sweet NGL were little changed by reflux methanol concentration. They were less than 1.5 and 0.2 PPMV for H2S and CO2, respectively. The presence of methanol slightly increases the H2S content of sweet NGL.
To observe the impact of circulation rate on the level of NGL sweetening, three lean MDEA circulation rates of 5.68, 11.36, and 22.71 Sm3/h (25, 50, and 100 sgpm) were considered. The variation of sweet NGL methanol content as a function of the molar % of the reflux stream purged with fresh water is presented in Figures 2 through 4 for the sweet NGL, flash gas, and acid gas streams, respectively. These figures are for 11.36 Sm3/h (50 sgpm) lean MDEA rate. Similar diagrams were generated for the other two lean MDEA circulation rates.
Figure 2 presents the variation of the methanol content in the sweet NGL stream as a function of the reflux rate replacement with fresh water for five methanol contents (PPMw, weight basis) in the feed sour NGL. Note the y-axis is logarithmic.
Figure 2. Methanol content in the sweet NGL stream vs reflux rate replacement for five sour NGL methanol concentrations
Figure 3. Methanol content in the flash gas stream vs reflux rate replacement for five sour NGL methanol concentrations
Figure 4. Methanol content in the acid gas stream vs reflux rate replacement for five sour NGL methanol concentrations
Figure 2 indicates that as the percentage of purging the reflux stream with fresh water increases, the methanol content of sweet NGL decreases. Figure 3 presents a similar trend


text:
New EU Environment Action Programme neglects wildlife in crisis
The new Environment Action Programme adopted today is a clear signal that the environment remains a priority for the European Union. However, the continued unsustainable use and abuse of wildlife calls for more urgent and drastic measures than those outlined in the programme according to the International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW - _URL_). As an international animal welfare NGO with local expertise and projects from South Africa to Russia, from Australia to Canada, IFAW has first-hand and daily experience with the disappearance of wildlife.
"Last year more than 25,000 elephants were killed for their ivory, there are only 3,000 tigers left in the wild, prices for polar bear pelts have doubled and the number of skins up for auction has tripled (in the last five years)," said IFAW EU Director Sonja Van Tichelen. "Saving the environment can only be done in conjunction with a halt to the devastation of the world's most charismatic wildlife."
The first opportunity to stop the carnage of our wildlife will be the Conference on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) this March in Thailand. The EU is currently drafting the position for the Irish-led delegation.
"IFAW would like to see the EU meet with and work to support wildlife law enforcement officials at the CITES conference. This support would strengthen law and order in developing countries, punish those who seek to profit from the demise of a species or animal and stop the loss of our shared biological heritage," continued Van Tichelen.
40 years of environmental policy at an EU level have accomplished a great deal but much remains to be done. Unsustainable trends in biodiversity and the use of natural resources must be confronted directly and soon.
About IFAW (the International Fund for Animal Welfare)
Founded in 1969, IFAW saves animals in crisis around the world. With projects in more than 40 countries, IFAW rescues individual animals, works to prevent cruelty to animals, and advocates for the protection of wildlife and habitats. For more information, visit _URL_. Follow us on Facebook and Twitter.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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You are here: EPA Home » DfE » Frequently Asked Questions
Frequently Asked Questions
Why does EPA label products?
EPA's mission is to protect the health of people and the environment. To further that mission, EPA labels products so that consumers can easily choose ones that are safer for people and the environment. The program empowers consumers to protect their health and minimize impact on the environment through everyday purchasing decisions. Using EPA's chemical and toxicological expertise, the Design for the Environment program applies stringent criteria for health and environmental safety in labeling products with the safest possible chemical ingredients.
What does the Design for Environment label mean?
When consumers see the Design for the Environment (DfE) label on a product, they can be confident that the ingredients have been through a rigorous EPA review. The label means that EPA scientists have evaluated every ingredient in the product to ensure it meets DfE's stringent criteria. When people use Design for the Environment-labeled products they are protecting their families and the environment by making safer chemical choices.
Do Design for the Environment-labeled products work well?
Yes, in addition to meeting stringent safety criteria, every product with the Design for the Environment label has met high standards for performance.
Where can I find Design for the Environment-labeled products?
For a complete list of Design for the Environment-labeled products visit our product webpage. As of December 2011, more than 2,500 products carry the label and new products are always being added. The list of labeled products can also be found on DfE's mobile website. You can find Design for the Environment-labeled products at most stores that carry cleaning and household supplies, including major nationwide retailers and thousands of smaller and independent stores. Look for the DfE label on products!
How do companies earn the Design for the Environment label for their products?
Companies must apply for the label by submitting their products to Design for the Environment (DfE) for review. We carefully evaluate every ingredient against a stringent set of health and environmental criteria. These criteria address potential health and environmental concerns, including, for example, if an ingredient is associated with causing cancer or reproductive harm, and if it accumulates in human tissue or in the environment. A product is only allowed to carry the DfE label if each ingredient is among the safest in its ingredient class. Additionally, the product as a whole has to meet safety criteria and qualify as high-performing and be packaged in an environmentally friendly manner. Some consumers want to know which chemicals are in the products they use so, as a condition of labeling, all ingredients must be disclosed either on the product or the manufacturer's website.
The Design for the Environment safer product labeling process is explained on our website, where you can find our Standard for Safer Products and Safer Ingredient Criteria. We work closely with companies that want to make safer products, and the DfE label offers the incentive for many manufacturers to invest in improving their formulations. Companies seeking information on how to apply for the DfE label should contact us at _EMAIL_.
There are many 'eco-labels' in the marketplace -- how is Design for the Environment's labeling program different?
Design for the Environment's labeling program is different from other eco-labels in several important ways:
First, we are focused on chemistry and identifying safer chemicals. Our approach to product review is grounded in the EPA's more than 40 years of experience in evaluating the human health and environmental characteristics of chemicals. This expertise enables us to go beyond established lists of 'bad actor' chemicals and to use expert judgment to determine the likely health and environmental hazards of chemicals that haven't been widely studied.
Second, we look at a full set of health and environmental endpoints based on a range of data, experimental and modeled, and expert judgment.
Finally, we work closely with companies to help them understand the chemistry of their products and to select safer alternatives to chemicals that pose potential health or environmental concerns.
Are products labeled "natural" safer than other products?
It is impossible to say without knowing the product ingredients and understanding their potential effects. Cleaning products marketed as "natural" typically use chemicals made from corn or other biological sources, rather than petroleum. While these cleaning products may be made out of renewable resources, their "natural" ingredients are still chemically identical to those made from petroleum, so their potential health and environmental impacts during and after use would be the same.
Are homemade cleaning products "green," and are they effective?
Household chemicals used for cleaning purposes include lemon juice, vinegar, baking soda, borax, ammonia, and bleach. Some of those chemicals can be useful and generally are benign; others are potentially hazardous. Borax, for example, which is used to enhance the cleaning power of a detergent, is associated with reproductive, developmental, and neurological hazards. These chemicals can also be toxic if used in the wrong ways. For example, combining bleach and ammonia generates a toxic chloramine gas. Typically, homemade cleaners do not perform as well as commercially available products, which are specially formulated chemical blends designed for high performance.
How does using Design for the Environment products help the environment?
Empowering consumers to quickly identify and choose safer products benefits the environment and human health. Products that carry the Design for the Environment (DfE) label are safer for fish and other aquatic life, do not pollute air or waterways, and do not add harmful chemicals to the land.
Two types of chemical ingredients that can affect the environment are surfactants and "builders." Surfactants, chemicals that help remove dirt, are key ingredients in all detergents, but they can be toxic to aquatic life. Surfactants that break down quickly are safer, since they are effectively neutralized in sewers and wastewater plants. Through our Safer Detergents Stewardship Initiative, we help companies voluntarily move to safer surfactants.
"Builders" change the qualities of water so detergents can work better. One builder, inorganic phosphate, is an essential nutrient for plants, but in high concentrations can be harmful to the environment, leading to problems like algae blooms and loss of oxygen in waterways. Many states and localities have banned or restricted inorganic phosphates in laundry detergents. DfE-labeled products are free of inorganic phosphate builders.
Also, all products that carry the DfE label must meet other environment-conscious criteria, such as sustainable packaging requirements and restrictions on levels of VOCs (volatile organic compounds).
Are cleaning product manufacturers required by law to list all their ingredients?
No. Unlike food products, manufacturers of chemical products are not required to list ingredients on their containers or make them public. At Design for the Environment, we believe transparency is the key to helping consumers make informed choices. As of April 2011, we have required that all ingredients, including fragrances, be listed for all products that carry the Design for the Environment label. Ingredients must be listed either on the product or on an easy-access website. As manufacturers come into compliance with the listing requirement, consumers will be able to understand more about the Design for the Environment-labeled products they use and their health and environmental safety benefits.
When will manufacturers of currently labeled products become subject to the new provisions in the DfE Standard on ingredient communication and packaging?
Ingredient communication and packaging provisions were finalized and added to the Design for the Environment Standard for Safer Products in April 2011. They became effective as of that date and applicable to all applicants for the label. For manufacturers of currently labeled products, the provisions are being phased-in over the next year and all partnership agreements will be modified to include the new provisions. Companies will be subject to an audit to ensure compliance with the new provisions in the year following the partnership amendment.
How is the Design for the Environment label good for businesses and the economy?
In implementing its safer product labeling program, Design for the Environment not only evaluates products and their ingredients to ensure compliance with its Standard for Safer Products, but also offers advice on safer alternatives for ingredients that do not meet its safety criteria. This consultation service, unique among eco-labels, helps formulating companies learn about safer chemistry and earn the Design for the Environment label, thereby distinguishing their products in the marketplace. It also encourages research institutions to invest in exploring and developing safer chemical alternatives.
Consumers are focusing more and more on sustainability and are looking for advice on how to buy safer products for their families. The Design for the Environment label, backed by the scientific expertise and experience of EPA, provides the assurance many consumers seek.
Companies that have invested in safer chemistry and earned the label have entered an expanding marketplace for sustainable products. These companies can look forward to growing their businesses and adding green jobs to the economy. Participants in the green marketplace include major retailers, such as Wal-Mart, Safeway, Home Depot, and Target, which have given special status to Design for the Environment-labeled products, and government purchasers who are increasingly specifying the Design for the Environment label in their purchasing requirements.
How does EPA verify compliance with the Design for the Environment Standard and qualify a product to carry the label?
Step 1: Full ingredient disclosure -- To earn permission to place the Design for the Environment label on products, a manufacturer must disclose all product ingredients, without exception. This disclosure requirement includes ingredients supplied by third parties that are proprietary and not disclosed to the manufacturer; the third parties send the information directly to Design for the Environment. The partnership agreement contains a non-confidential statement of formula that references the confidential formula kept in our files. Only products that pass review can bear the DfE logo. If the manufacturer wishes


Broesis / Pixabay
Chives are one of the most convenient types of herbs to grow in your garden They are a seasonal herb, which suggests they grow back year after year. They're likewise one of the earliest crops from my garden every spring, and among the current in the fall. However I can't grow them all year, so I need to freeze them for winter season use. Freezing chives is extremely simple, and a terrific way to protect the taste of freshly gathered chives.
manfredrichter / Pixabay
How to freeze chives from your garden.
Recently I wrote a post about how to harvest chives, however how do you preserve all those chives once you've harvested them? In my opinion, the simplest way to protect chives is by freezing them.
1. Rinse the chives: After harvesting the chives, rinse them in cold water and remove any brown or yellow stems. Drain them and pat them dry.
Broesis / Pixabay
2. Dry the chives well: I like to utilize my salad spinner to remove the excess water from the chives so they'll dry much faster (optional). If they're too wet when you freeze them, they tend to stick together.
Cairomoon / Pixabay
3. Chop the chives: When you get the majority of the water off the chives, just chop them up as you generally would.
StockSnap / Pixabay
4. Flash freeze chives: Flash freezing the chives will keep them from sticking together. Spread out the chives out on a cookie sheet and position them in the freezer for about 5 minutes.
Couleur / Pixabay
5. Keeping chives: When you're done, just pour the chives into a freezer bag or other freezer safe container, then save them in the freezer.
TanteLoe / Pixabay
I grow two types of chives, regular chives and garlic chives, and maintain them both the very same way. You can utilize frozen chives in recipes the same way you would use fresh chives, they taste simply as tasty. It's so great to be able to delight in garden fresh chives all year long.


Why is My R-22 Air Conditioner Freezing Up? - A.J. Perri Skip to content
Why is My R-22 Air Conditioner Freezing Up?
Used AC
Air conditioners are meant to cool down temperatures, but did you know that an air conditioner itself could actually get too cold? That's right, too cold. We know it's hard to believe. Air conditioners can actually freeze up.
There are a handful of reasons why an air conditioner may freeze up; we'll dive a little deeper into each of those reasons below:
Essentially, what happens is Freon in the air conditioner may be expanding more than it is designed to. Or a blockage has occurred, preventing air in a home from transferring heat into the air conditioner system, causing a freeze up in the unit.
This can happen when…
- There is insufficient airflow across an air conditioner's evaporator coil.
- When an air conditioner is low on Freon.
- When an air conditioner is run when the outside air is below 62 degrees.
- Or when there is a mechanical failure, aka a kink in refrigerant lines, etc.
An air conditioner cools by taking out heat from a home. If an air conditioner isn't properly blowing inside air over the evaporator coil then the required heat exchange won't occur, causing the Freon that should be removing heat from a home to fail from doing just that.
Low pressure in an air conditioner means there is less Freon in the system, but the system is still being forced to expand the same amount, the more expansion equals a cooler temperature.
Air conditioners are designed to be run in a specific temperature range. If the air outside is below 62 degrees then the pressure inside the air conditioner will drop, causing an air conditioner to freeze up.
A frozen air conditioner is never good for the unit itself and it will not cool your home properly, costing you more in utility bills.
Unfortunately, unlike some problems, this one will not solve itself. A frozen air conditioner is a problem that should be addressed immediately by a professional HVAC technician.
Contact A.J. Perri if you are experiencing a frozen air conditioner at your home, we'd be glad to give you a hand.


text:
Telemetry and data collection are Windows 10 features that collect all data considering your PC's performance and information about the problems that may occur by its use. These are the functions that Microsoft uses for the easier finding of the vulnerabilities and weaknesses on the Windows 10 and faster creation of patches and updates that would sort does issues.
In theory, this story sounds legit; however, knowing that such behavior is also adopted by social media, browsers, search engines, etc., it makes you wonder if everything is as they are telling you, or there is more to the story. Whatever the reason, and no matter if their intents are good, or bad, the positive thing is that this type of data collection can be prevented on Windows 10 machines, and it can be managed fast.
How to Disable Telemetry and Data Collection on Windows 10
If the disabling of telemetry and data collection is what you need, this guide will help you with that, and all you need to do is follow the guidelines:
How to Disable Telemetry and Data Collection on Windows 10 by Changing Settings
One of the easiest and most adopted ways of turning off telemetry and data collection is managed through the Windows 10 Settings:
- To manage that, you first need to enter Settings, by left-clicking on the Start
and selecting Settings from the drop-down menu.
- After that, go to Privacy
and then to Diagnostics & Feedback, located on the left side pane.
- Here, change the Diagnostic data to Basic and the majority of your work is done.
- If you want to make things even safer, go to Activity history
and make sure that the squares next to "Store my activity history on this device" and "Send my activity history to Microsoft" are unmarked.
- Also, enter Inking & Typing personalization
and make sure that the toggle under "Getting to know you" is off.
- After that, enter Speech
and move the toggle under "Online speech recognition" to off.
- In the end, enter the General tab
and move every toggle under "Change the privacy options" to off, and there you go.
How to Disable Telemetry and Data Collection on Windows 10 with the Registry Editor
If stopping the data collection and telemetry in the Windows 10 settings doesn't satisfy you and you want a more secure way to do it, disabling these functions in the Registry Editor is the thing for you:
- First, press Windows key + R on your keyboard, type "regedit", in the newly opened window, and then click on OK.
- Once the Registry Editor opens, follow this path: Computer\HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\DataCollection, in the sideboard pane.
- When the DataCollection folder opens, right-click the empty space and select new.
- In the drop-down menu select DWORD value (32-bit)
and name the newly made file AllowTelemetry.
- Now, double-click the newly made file, or left-click on it and select Modify.
- Set the Value data to 0, press OK, and your job is finished.
How to Disable Telemetry and Data Collection on Windows 10 using Group Policy
Another way of disabling telemetry and data collection is with the help of Group Policy, and it includes the following steps:
- To begin with, call in the Run command, by holding Windows key + R on your keyboard.
- Once it opens, type "gpedit.msc" and press OK.
- Follow this path: Computer Configuration\Administrative Templates\ Windows Components\Data collection and Preview Builds, in the sideboard pane.
- When the Data Collection and Preview Builds folder is opened,
go to "Allow Telemetry" and double-click on it.
- Select "Disabled" in the newly opened window,
press Apply and that is it.


_USER_{23594, abstract = {AbstractUsing time series data for the period 1959–2015, our empirical analysis examines the simultaneous effects of the individual components of the global carbon budget on temperature. Specifically, we explore the possible effects of carbon emissions caused by fossil fuel combustion, cement production, land-use change emissions, and carbon sinks (here in terms of land sink and ocean sink) on climate change. The simultaneous inclusion of carbon emissions and carbon sinks allows us to look at the coexistent and opposing effects of the individual components of the carbon budget and thus provides a holistic perspective from which to explore the relationship between the global carbon budget and global warming. The results reveal a significant positive effect of carbon emissions on temperature for both fossil fuels emissions and emissions from land-use change, confirming previous results concerning carbon dioxide and temperature. Further, while ocean sink does not seem to have a significant effect, we identify a temperature-decreasing effect for land sink.}, author = {Redlin, Margarete and Gries, Thomas}, issn = {0177-798X}, journal = {Theoretical and Applied Climatology}, title = {{Anthropogenic climate change: the impact of the global carbon budget}}, doi = {10.1007/s00704-021-03764-0}, year = {2021}, } _USER_{22218, author = {Krauter, Stefan and Böcker, J. and Freitag, C. and Hehenkamp, Burkhard and Hilleringmann, Ulrich and Temmen, Katrin and Klaus, Tobias and Rohrer, N. and Lehmann, S.}, booktitle = {Tagungsband des 36. PV-Symposium, 18.-26 Mai 2021, online, ISBN 978-3-948176-14-3, S. 305-309.}, keyword = {Art-D, Afrika}, location = {Staffelstein / online}, title = {{Projekt Art-D Grids: Nachhaltige und stabile Microgrids in Afrika - eine Plattform für Forschung und Lehre für die Entwicklung}}, year = {2021}, } _USER_{22715, abstract = {AbstractUsing data from the German Socio-Economic Panel for 1984–2018, we analyze the intergenerational education mobility of immigrants in Germany by identifying the determinants of differences in educational stocks for firstand second-generation immigrants in comparison to individuals without a migration background. Our results show that on average, first-generation immigrants have fewer years of schooling than native-born Germans and have a disproportionate share of lower educational qualifications. This gap is strongly driven by age at immigration, with immigration age and education revealing a nonlinear relationship. While the gap is relatively small among individuals who migrate at a young age, integrating in the school system at secondary school age leads to large disadvantages. Examining the educational mobility of immigrants in Germany, we identify an inter-generational catch-up in education. The gap in education between immigrants and natives is reduced for the second generation. Finally, we find that country of origin differences can account for much of the education gap. While immigrants with an ethnic background closer to the German language and culture show the best education outcomes, immigrants from Turkey, Italy, and other southern European countries and especially the group of war refugees from Syria, Afghanistan, Iraq and other MENA countries, have the lowest educational attainment.}, author = {Gries, Thomas and Redlin, Margarete and Zehra, Moonum}, issn = {_PHONE_}, journal = {Journal of International Migration and Integration}, title = {{Educational Assimilation of First-Generation and Second-Generation Immigrants in Germany}}, doi = {10.1007/s12134-021-00863-9}, year = {2021}, } _USER_{16334, abstract = {We analyze the actual behavior of agents in a matching mechanism, using data from a clearinghouse at the Faculty of Business Administration and Economics at a German university, where a variant of the Boston mechanism is used. We supplement this data with data generated in a survey among the students who participated in the clearinghouse. We find that under the current mechanism over 74% of students act strategically by misrepresenting at least one of their preferences. Nevertheless, not all students are able to improve their outcome by doing so. We show that this is mainly due to the incomplete information of students and naiveté. Sophisticated students actually reach significantly better outcomes than naive students. Thus, we find evidence that naive students are exploited by sophisticated students in an incomplete information setting.}, author = {Hoyer, Britta and Stroh-Maraun, Nadja}, journal = {Games and Economic Behavior}, pages = {453 -- 481}, title = {{Matching Strategies of Heterogeneous Agents under Incomplete Information in a University Clearinghouse}}, doi = {10.1016/j.geb.2020.03.006}, volume = {121}, year = {2020}, } _USER_{17072, author = {Feng, Yuanhua and Gries, Thomas and Fritz, Marlon}, issn = {_PHONE_}, journal = {Journal of Nonparametric Statistics}, pages = {510--533}, title = {{Data-driven local polynomial for the trend and its derivatives in economic time series}}, doi = {10.1080/_PHONE_.2020._PHONE_}, year = {2020}, } _USER_{16273, abstract = {This study examines the gender gap in competitiveness in an educational setting and tests whether this gap depends on the difficulty of the task at hand. For this purpose, we administered a series of experiments during the final exam of a university course. We confronted three cohorts of undergraduate students with a set of bonus questions and the choice between an absolute and a tournament grading scheme for these questions. To test the moderating impact of task difficulty, we (randomly) varied the difficulty of the questions between treatment groups. We find that, on average, women are significantly less likely to select the tournament scheme. However, the results show that the gender gap in tournament entry is sizable when the questions are relative easy, but much smaller and statistical insignificant when the questions are difficult.}, author = {Hoyer, Britta and van Huizen, Thomas and Keijzer, Linda and Rezaei, Sarah and Rosenkranz, Stephanie and Westbrock, Bastian }, journal = {Labour Economics}, title = {{Gender, competitiveness, and task difficulty: Evidence from the field}}, doi = {10.1016/j.labeco.2020.101815}, year = {2020}, } _USER_{17074, author = {Gries, Thomas and Grundmann, Rainer}, issn = {_PHONE_}, journal = {Review of Development Economics}, pages = {644--667}, title = {{Modern sector development: The role of exports and institutions in developing countries}}, doi = {10.1111/rode.12663}, year = {2020}, } _USER_{17086, author = {Gries, T. and Redlin, M.}, issn = {_PHONE_}, journal = {International Economics and Economic Policy}, pages = {923--944}, title = {{Trade and economic development: global causality and developmentand openness-related heterogeneity}}, doi = {10.1007/s10368-020-00467-1}, volume = {17}, year = {2020}, } _USER_{17350, abstract = {Many countries have opened their health care markets to private for-profit providers, aiming to promote quality and choice for patients. The prices are regulated and providers compete in location and quality. We show that whereas opening a public hospital market typically raises quality, the private provider strategically locates towards the corner of the market to avoid costly quality competition. Social welfare depends on the size of the regulator's budget and on the altruism of the public provider. If the budget is large, high quality results and welfare is highest in a duopoly whenever entry is optimal. If the budget is small, quality levels in a duopoly mirror the quality level in a monopoly. It can be optimal for the regulator not to use the full budget.}, author = {Hehenkamp, Burkhard and Kaarbøe, Odvar M. }, journal = {Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization}, title = {{Location Choice and Quality Competition in Mixed Hospital Markets}}, year = {2020}, } _USER_{10090, author = {Gries, Thomas}, issn = {0569-4345}, journal = {The American Economist}, title = {{A New Theory of Demand-Restricted Growth: The Basic Idea}}, doi = {10.1177/0569434519846477}, year = {2019}, } _USER_{15204, abstract = {We criticize some conceptual weaknesses in the recent literature on coalitional TUgames and propose, based on our critics, a new definition of dual TU-games that coincides with the one in the literature on the class of super-additive games. We justify our new definition in four alternative ways: 1. Via an adequate definition of ecient payo vectors. 2. Via a modification of the Bondareva-Shapley duality. 3. Via an explicit consideration of \coalition building". 4. Via associating general TU-games to coalition-production economies. Rather than imputations, we base our analysis on a modification of aspirations.}, author = {Aslan, Fatma and Duman, Papatya and Trockel, Walter},


ORIGINAL ARTICLE The Dilemma of Irrational Antibiotic and Corticosteroid Prescription in Iran: How Much It Can Affect the Medicine Expenditures?
N Dopeykar, Parisa Mehdizadeh, Nooredin Dopeykar, Mohammad Meskarpour-Amiri, Hediyeh Zekri, Mahmoud Salesi
2017 Acta Med Iran unpublished
In recent years the high cost of medicines and the lack of it were one of the major problems in developing countries that despite numerous efforts to solve the root causes of this problem, the issue remains, unfortunately. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the impact of antibiotics and corticosteroids prescription on the medicines expenditures. This was descriptive-analytical study that conducted to assess the function of medical expenditures through prescription letters and analysis the
more »... and analysis the factors affecting medicine expenditures. We used the data of 91,994,667 selected prescription letters that were collected by the Ministry of the Health and Medical Education (MOHME) throughout the country in the year 2011 which was analyzed through a logarithmic regression model and OLS estimator. The average number of prescription items in each prescription letter were varied from 2.7 to 3.6, and the average price of each letter was varied from 30223 to 69986 Rials. Between 39 to 61 percent of prescription letters containing antibiotic items and between 15 and 35% of them contain corticosteroids. Also, the impact of antibiotic and corticosteroid prescriptions on the average expenditure of prescription letters were-1.4 and 0.032 respectively. Excessive and irrational prescribing had the greatest impact on medicine expenditures. On the other hand, the expenditure of prescription letters had the negative elasticity to antibiotics prescription and relatively inelastic for corticosteroids. So, raising the price of medications to reduce the use of them could not play a successful role in a control policy.


Summary Ì A Naturalist in Alaska Ë PDF DOC TXT eBook or Kindle ePUB free
Read & download · PDF, DOC, TXT, eBook or Kindle ePUB free á Adolph Murie
Naturaliste Wikipdia Un naturaliste est un scientifiue ou un amateur clair ui pratiue les sciences naturelles notamment la botaniue la zoologie la minralogie voire l'astronomieL'adjectif naturaliste ualifie une personne un groupe association socit savante ou une activit randonne exploration dessinSelon la manire et le lieu principal o il exerce son activit France iNaturalist Documenter les papillons de France mtropolitaine et les voisines Corse comprise ainsi ue leur rpart Naturaliste | Le menu Naturaliste vous aide A Naturalist Kindle chaue jour faire le choix d'une alimentation naturellement saine fondamentalement responsable et rsolument joyeuse A List of Careers for a Naturalist | Career Trend A naturalist is someone who studies or has expertise in the field of natural history Common fields of naturalist study include zoology and the scientific analysis of plant life Naturalist careers include park rangers working in national or state parks as w. Adolph Murie was the first wildlife biologist hired by the Natural Park Service He did pioneering research on wildlife in the parks and clashed with those higher in the bureaucracy over the preference for high volume industrial tourism which the agency exhibited even thenMurie made his first trip to Alaska with his brother Olaus who later became President of the Wilderness Society during the days when dogsled was the only way to travel through the Alaskan interior and returned for research expeditions in McKinley National Park and its environs during the late 1930s 1940sand 1950s If my memory is correct the last of these trips essentially was an exile imposed after Murie clashed with the higher ups over excessive development in the parks though this history is not discussed in the bookInstead Murie focused on the wildlife he observed during his tours of duty in Alaska wolves bears Dall sheep caribou eagles lynx wolverines snowshoe hares and mice and voles For the most part Murie resisted the temptation to anthropomorphize animals and describe them in overly cute terms which was a hallmark of earlier nature writers such as Ernest Thompson Seton whose work Murie knew well and cited several times in the book Murie also made several evocative observations about Alaska's human inhabitants For example Murie said that an early hunter naturalist Charles Sheldon sought simplicity solitude the feel of weather and a close acuaintance with animals in the remote mountains of the Alaska range Very few people in any place or time would even think of the feel of the weather; this visceral description gives me at least a few goosebumps Later Murie described an old prospector who after the advent of the automobile drove across the summertime tundra in a Model A Since the prospector had grown up in the days of dogsleds and snowshoes anything faster than 10 or 15 miles per hour seemed perilously reckless to him and he resolutely kept the speedometer down as he drove For some reason the image of an old sourdough put putting across the vast Alaskan outback in an old Model A seems both incisively uaint and hilariously funny to meMurie did not write about policy issues or his battles with the National Park Service over development and its impacts on wildlife That would have been a worthwhile story but it is not part of this book Rather Murie wrote only about the animals and the enjoyment he felt in seeing them It is both an enjoyable and a worthwhile book taken on these terms
Free read A Naturalist in Alaska
A Naturalist in AlaskaNi ascendant ou frre ou sœur de Franais vous pouvez demander acurir la nationalit par naturalisation ou redevenir franais par rintgration procdure par dcret articles ou du code civil Le Naturaliste ui sommes nous? Un groupe de gens passionns par l'observation de la Nature Comme les naturalistes du dix huitime sicle sans pour autant tre tourns vers le pass nous nous intressons autant la punaise u' la paramcie aux fourmis u'aux mousses aux libellules u'aux diatomes aux micro algues u' la minralogie wwwmrnaturalistecom mr naturaliste dessins BIC wwwmrnaturalistecom mr naturaliste dessins BIC Naturalistes de Mayotte Naturalistes de Mayotte Entirement tourne vers la dcouverte la protection la vulgarisation des coutumes du patrimoine et de l'environnement mahorais l'association des naturalistes vous invite travers les pages de ce site mieux apprhender Mayotte Mayotte et sa population Mayotte et ses atouts Mayotte et ses faiblesses aussi Mayotte et ses rites. This is the type of research I enjoy the most and it is a very well written book Easy to read and understand The large mammals of Denali are represented in the fine text of Dr Murie He does a great job of explaining the many habits and behaviors of the native wildlife in Alaska in the 40's before statehood snd before the Alaskan Frontier became a tourist destination
Adolph Murie á 2 Free download
Summary Ì A Naturalist in Alaska Ë PDF, DOC, TXT, eBook or Kindle ePUB free ☆ [PDF / Epub] ☉ A Naturalist in Alaska Author Adolph Murie – Naturaliste — Wikipdia Un naturaliste est un scientifiue ou un amateur clair ui pratiue les sciences naturelles notammEll as wildlife specialists who work in zoos Naturalism philosophy Wikipedia Naturalism can intuitively be separated into an ontological and a methodological component argues David Papineau Ontological refers to the philosophical study of the nature of being Some philosophers euate naturalism with materialismFor example philosopher Paul Kurtz argues that nature is best accounted for by reference to material principles Worldview Naturalism | Naturalismorg The naturalist view of ourselves is of course very different from traditional religious or supernatural understandings and it has profound implications We don't have souls that continue after death Instead we are fully physical creatures fully caused to be who we are We don't have free will in the sense of being able to choose or decide without being fully caused in our choices or La naturalisation ou la rintgration dans la nationalit Prsentation de la dmarche Si vous n'tes ni marie avec un Franaise. The author sounds like someone it would be wonderful to meet and spend time with as Jim King described doing in his book Attending Alaska's Birds A Naturalist in Alaska is purely a book of wildlife observations There were no huge revelations in it but I hope I learned incrementally much like one would if they were spending hours and days watching wildlife The author very modestly says nothing about any physical hardship that he underwent during his work nothing about how difficult it was or the amount of base knowledge he must certainly have had to bring to it The drawings are delightful I would have benefited from having some maps even hand drawn ones included


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Teacher Editorial | By Lise Pethybridge (BOLT student)
How do we hook and keep students motivated in online programs?
You are a middle school teacher who has been hired to work at an online school. You love technology, you love using it with your students, and you feel that this new teaching environment will allow you to use your expertise and teaching strategies to serve students. However you still have so many questions.
How will you know your students and know that they are ready to learn? How will you interact with your students, how will they interact with each other and how will they know you are present and available to help? How will you motivate them to participate and complete their courses? Continue reading "Yikes, I Need to Teach Online"


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71 PAUSE users
39 non-PAUSE users.
Gisle Aas
HTTP::Response - Class encapsulating HTTP Responses
 require HTTP::Response;
The HTTP::Response class encapsulate HTTP style responses. A response consist of a response line, some headers, and a (potential empty) content. Note that the LWP library will use HTTP style responses also for non-HTTP protocol schemes.
Instances of this class are usually created and returned by the request() method of an LWP::UserAgent object:
 $response = $ua->request($request)
 if ($response->is_success) {
 print $response->content;
 } else {
 print $response->error_as_HTML;
HTTP::Response is a subclass of HTTP::Message and therefore inherits its methods. The inherited methods are header(), push_header(), remove_header(), headers_as_string(), and content(). The header convenience methods are also available. See HTTP::Message for details.
$r = new HTTP::Response ($rc, [$msg, [$header, [$content]]])
Constructs a new HTTP::Response object describing a response with response code $rc and optional message $msg.
These methods provide public access to the member variables. The first two containing respectively the response code and the message of the response.
The request attribute is a reference the request that gave this response. It does not have to be the same request as passed to the $ua->request() method, because there might have been redirects and authorization retries in between.
The previous attribute is used to link together chains of responses. You get chains of responses if the first response is redirect or unauthorized.
Returns the base URL for this response. The return value will be a reference to a URI::URL object.
The base URL is obtained from one the following sources (in priority order):
 1. Embedded in the document content, for instance in HTML documents.
 2. A "Content-Base:" or a "Content-Location:" header in the response.
 For backwards compatability with older HTTP implementations we will also look for the "Base:" header.
 3. The URL used to request this response. This might not be the original URL that was passed to $ua->request() method, because we might have received some redirect responses first.
When the LWP protocol modules produce the HTTP::Response object, then any base URL embedded in the document (step 1) will already have initialized the "Content-Base:" header. This means that this method only perform the last 2 steps (the content is not always available either).
Method returning a textual representation of the request. Mainly useful for debugging purposes. It takes no arguments.
These methods indicate if the response was informational, sucessful, a redirection, or an error.
Return a string containing a complete HTML document indicating what error occurred. This method should only be called when $r->is_error is TRUE.
This function will calculate the "current age" of the response as specified by section 13.2.3. The age of a response is the time since it was sent by the origin server. The returned value is a number representing the age in seconds.
This function will calculate the "freshness lifetime" of the response as specified by section 13.2.4. The "freshness lifetime" is the length of time between the generation of a response and its expiration time. The returned value is a number representing the freshness lifetime in seconds.
If the response does not contain an "Expires" or a "Cache-Control" header, then this function will apply some simple heuristic based on 'Last-Modified' to determine a suitable lifetime.
Returns TRUE if the response is fresh, based on the values of freshness_lifetime() and current_age(). If the response is not longer fresh, then it has to be refetched or revalidated by the origin server.
Returns the time when this entiy is no longer fresh.


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Clear a binary name from a worksheet
static BOOL ClearBinaryName( const TCHAR* pszName ); static BOOL ClearBinaryName( const TCHAR* pszWorkbook, const TCHAR* pszWorksheet, const TCHAR* pszName );
The name of the invisible range to add to the worksheet. The name must conform to Excel range name rules.
Name of target workbook.
Name of target sheet.
The function returns TRUE if the name is deleted (or if it does not exist), or FALSE if the operation fails.
Binary names are invisible Excel named ranges, accessible only to the add-in programmer, not to the user. They differ from visible ranges in that you cannot us them for Excel data types, only for buffers of binary data.
Binary names are held in worksheets, and are unique at worksheet level. However, there may be multiple instances of a binary name in a workbook (as many as there are worksheets in the book).
The first form of the function acts on the active sheet of the active workbook.
The second form acts on the requested sheet. In order to do so, the active workbook and sheet are changed if required, and then changed back again after the action is complete.


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Arts Integration Residency with Montalvo Arts Center in Campbell, CA.
medium: tempera paint and black oil pastel on paper
material: tempera paint, brushes, all media paper, black oil pastel
printed google map photos, one piece for each student
How it works
The idea is to look at the school and the surroundings with a different perspective. I talk about Google maps and the mapping of the entire world. The bird eye view is interesting because suddenly we can see what is constructed and what is not. Where the soil is still visible and where it is not. We can see that human activity produce a lot of concrete, needed for housing and schools, and roads.
1. I prepared 130 half letter size prints. One for each students (there are 6 classes of 2nd graders with approximately 22 students per class). This is the only piece on which the students from the 6 classes work together. All the photos are on the floor, and I give them to the students row by row, to avoid any confusion.
The students look at the satellite photo of their school, an unusual vision. They can see where it is built and where one can still see the soil. So there are pretty much three colors: the grey of the constructions, the green of the trees and lawns, and the brown of the bare soil. With a photo like this we can see that the area is very constructed. It is interesting to note that all the material necessary for the construction comes from Earth.
2. The students study the main lines from the photos, trace them with a pencil, then with a black oil pastel and then paint.
3. Group discussion.


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March 12 2014, Wednesday, 2:30pm
CNM Meeting room, AS6, #03-33
"Be With Me": Cute Technology and the Simulation of Affect
This study examines the anthropomorphic project of cuteness and its humanisation via an artificiality that involves the augmentation of the human's biological form. It is in this augmentation that cuteness becomes an affective quality, insofar as it bridges the gap between the otherness of the object and the one who beholds it. Although cuteness is used as a design element in a variety of interactive technologies, I argue that this particular design element or aesthetic is no less technological than the object it attempts to humanize. My thesis uses critical theory to understand cuteness as a form of technology encompassing ambiguities that are symptomatic of the post-social milieu where humans have come to share intimate connections between the technologies they consume.
Joel Gn is a doctoral candidate at the Department of Communications and New Media, National University of Singapore. His dissertation will critique the aesthetic of cuteness and its metaphorical implications within a technological space.
Online Political Memes and Youth Political Engagement in Singapore
This paper explores political actors' practice of posting static visual online memes on social media in Singapore to convey messages commenting on the ruling party and its policies. The paper presents a discussion based on semiotic analysis of selected memes, and interviews with Singaporeans aged 18-24 about their responses to memes, to understand how circulation of memes might influence quality of political engagement. Results suggest that while memes hold potential for enhancing political engagement among a citizenry that is often seen as depoliticised, youths' perceptions of the memes do not allow for deterministic conclusions about their efficacy in this regard. Rather, the popularity of memes in general as devices of humour, cultural resonance and identity representations suggests that the appropriation of cyberculture for localized political means does have potential for socialising citizens to become critical of the status quo as part of a wider network of political action. The paper was written and presented with Dr. T.T. Sreekumar at the AoIR conference in Denver last year.
Shobha Vadrevu is a doctoral candidate at the Department of Communications and New Media, National University of Singapore. She hold a Masters in Educational and Social Research from the University of London's Institute of Education. Her research interests include Critical New Media Theory, ICTS and Pedagogy, Political Communication and Youth and Citizenship. A trained teacher who has classroom experience in teaching at the secondary school level, her specific focus on the relationships and contexts of youth media use grew out of her interactions with young people in school settings.
Exploring the relationships between interactivity and anticipation in interactive art
This paper explores one specific form of aesthetic experience: Anticipation, and aims to understand how anticipation emerges through interactivity as an aesthetic response in interactive art. Previous work that has tried to address anticipation as a form of experience can be grouped into three categories in: 1) Static media such as literary text; 2) Dynamic, temporal media such as music and film; and 3) Interactive media such as interactive stories, games, and interactive art. This paper seeks to address the following questions: what are the frameworks and models used to understand anticipation in the related disciplines, and how can these be adapted to interactive art? And if they are not adaptable, what kind of models might be relevant? The study will present an initial survey of the literature related to anticipation, interactivity, and art, and identify and compare the various frameworks. The contribution of this paper is to develop an understanding of the degree to which the current frameworks from other disciplines can be applied to interactive art, and if not, to identify the issues that need to be addressed. This will inform a set of research questions for future study.
Chiang Jing Ying is an instructor at the at the Department of Communications and New Media, National University of Singapore. She is also pursuing her PhD, and currently, preparing for her qualifying examinations. Her research is about understanding the correlations between interactivity and aesthetic response in interactive art.


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- 550 signed entries, A-to-Z, fill 3 volumes (1,500 pages) in print and electronic formats, offering the most detailed reference work available on issues related to divorce, both in the U.S. and globally.
- Cross-References and Further Readings guide readers to additional resources.
- A Chronology provides students with context via a historical perspective of divorce.
- In the electronic version, the comprehensive Index combines with Cross-References and thematic Reader's Guide themes to provide convenient search-and-browse capabilities.
- For state and nation entries, uniform entry structure combined with an abundance of statistics facilitates comparison between and across states and nations.
- Appendices provide further annotated sources of data and statistics.


Unexpected results when using a link rule to apply styles
A link rule can apply a character and/or paragraph style to a variable text link. Then, when data is merged into a text link that is using this link rule, the result will be similar to placing that plain text or formatted text in a text frame and applying the selected paragraph and/or character style to that text. If a link rule is not applying styling as you expected, see the tips below:
First, manually copy/paste the data into the text link and then apply the style(s) that the link rule is set up to apply. This mimics what will happen when DesignMerge merges this link.
Next, confirm the link rule is applying styles that have been set up in the document. Note the name of the style that the link rule will apply must match the name of the style that has been set up in the document.
Also, test the link rule to confirm it has been set up correctly. You can test a link rule by doing the following:
 1. Open the Rules dialog (open the DesignMerge menu and choose Setup > Rules).
 2. On the left side of the Rules dialog, select the name of the link rule that you wish to test.
 3. On the bottom right side of the Rules dialog, click the Test button.
 4. When prompted, select the data file that you wish to use to test this rule.
 5. The Test Rule dialog will open where you can step through the records in the selected data file, reviewing the results presented on the bottom of the Test Rule dialog.
Then, examine how you have used this link rule in the document:
 - Confirm the variable link and link rule are assigned to a selection of text and not to a text frame. The ability of a link rule to apply styles has been designed specifically for variable text links. If the variable link is assigned to a text frame, then the rule will not apply any paragraph or character styles.
 - Confirm the linked text has been assigned to the appropriate variable link and link rule. One way to do this is to select the variable text link in the document and then look at the information that is displayed on the DesignMerge panel. For more information about assigning a link rule to a variable text link, see Tutorial #1b (Using Rules), available in DesignMerge Documentation.
 - If you would like the link rule to apply a paragraph style to the entire paragraph that contains the variable text link, the variable link must be the first character in the paragraph.


Smithsonian National Zoological Park l Friends of the National Zoo
Gila monster
By MSA 2005 Map showing deserts habitats in southwestern United States, Mexico
Class Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Family: Helodermatidae
Genus and species: Heloderma suspectum
One of only two venomous lizards, the gila monster injects its venom through large, grooved teeth in its powerful, lower jaw. This venom is used to paralyze small prey such as birds, lizards, eggs, frogs, and insects.
Gila monsters are black with pink or orange banding. They spend most of their time underground. For the three months that gila monsters are above ground, they mate and eat enough to last the rest of the year.
Females lay two to 12 eggs at a time. They are buried underground and hatch after ten months.
Learn about another reptile or amphibian:


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Extension Educator, Horticulture
If you need a reason to get your overstuffed body out of your overstuffed chair, why not venture outside to appreciate the native trees of Illinois. Prairies and farm fields are the common images of Illinois landscapes; however, trees are also an integral part of our Illinois heritage.
Just a few facts about Illinois trees:
This is a great time to get outside. Once trees have shed their leaves each bony branch and twisted trunk in the forest tells a story. To make the journey even more fun consider getting involved in the Illinois Big Tree Register to locate and nominate champion trees native to Illinois. Initiated in 1962 The Illinois Big Tree Register fosters appreciation of Illinois trees and provides a format to discover and record the largest native tree species in the state. The Illinois Big Tree Register is part of a cooperative effort between the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Illinois Department of Natural Resources, and the National Register of Big Trees.
A few of the state champions are nearby. The largest yellow buckeye (Aesculus flava) is in Danville. State champions white ash (Fraxinus americana), chestnut oak (Quercus prinus) and Kentucky coffeetree (Gymnocladus dioicus) are in Springfield. State champion green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) is in Clinton and Charleston is home to the state champion hackberry (Celtis occidentalis).
I'm sure there are plenty of undocumented champion trees just waiting for someone to notice their grandeur and nominate them. Everyone is encouraged to submit their nominations to the Illinois Big Tree Register. For a complete list of champion native trees and their locations and how to get involved in The Illinois Big Tree Register _URL_
If trees as lumber is more your thing, join us for the workshop "Recovering and Utilizing Hardwood Trees" on Thursday, December 1 from 8am-4pm at the Rantoul Recreation Center 100 East Flessner Avenue in Rantoul, IL. The workshop instructs municipal forest managers and arborists on how to obtain the highest possible use for the wood from their urban and suburban trees. This program deals with management issues such as markets, contracts and other removal considerations. A morning of classroom instruction is followed by hands-on outdoor sessions concerning log and standing tree grading, whole log removals, sawmill demonstrations, and insight into the lumber produced by urban trees.
The program is offered thanks to: Illinois Emerald Ash Borer Wood Utilization Team, Purdue University, USDA APHIS and PPQ, IDNR, Illinois Arborist Association, University of Illinois Extension and The Village of Rantoul. 6.75 CEUs available for arborists. Cost is $35 including lunch and materials.