Research Services
Meet your Scottish ancestors.
Do you know the name of your Covenanter or Jacobite ancestor? Let me help you meet them through the rich history of Scotland.
I have a lot of professional experience in researching peoples links to Scotland, in the past the people of Scotland have spread throughout the globe, colonising new territories and now there is barely anywhere in the world that does not have people that are originally descended from the glens and lochs of bonnie Scotland.
If you believe you have a Covenanter or Jacobite ancestor and you know their name, I can help you find out more about them, where they were from in Scotland and what kind of activities they were involved in, if you have never visited Scotland this could be the first step into a heritage you can later expand on by visiting the places I discover for you.
The Covenanters were people in Scotland who signed the National Covenant in 1638. They signed this Covenant to confirm their opposition to the interference by the Stuart kings in the affairs of the Presbyterian Church of Scotland. In the subsequent years many died to affirm this opposition either by execution or in battles and skirmishes.
There were many Jacobite rebellions. The most famous of which was 1745. Believing the British throne to be his birthright, Charles Edward Stuart, aka 'Bonnie Prince Charlie', planned to invade Great Britain along with his Jacobite followers to remove George II and restore Britain to a Roman Catholic kingship. Following defeat at Culloden on 16 April 1746 many adherents to the Jacobite revolution were displaced and were forced to flee from the purge of the British government as it sought to ensure the rebellion was crushed once and for all.
Use the links below to start your search.
Covenanter Research
Meet your Covenanter ancestor.
Jacobite research.
Meet your Jacobite ancestor.
Fraser you do great work in researching all of the finer details when it comes to the Covenanters history
You are an asset for anyone who are looking for the Covenanter Ancestors
Norman Murphy
British Columbia Canada


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Copper Wire
What is copper wire?A conductor is a metal material which allows the flow of electricity to pass through it. Electrical conductors, in this case copper are used to form wires. A wire is a long length of conductive metal used in the electrical wiring industry. Wire is made by passing the base material through a hole in a die or draw plate to reduce the overall size. The process is repeated to reduce the diameter further to its final size.The copper wires are then ready for the annealing process. Annealing involves the wires being heated up to a very high temperature and then allowed to cool naturally. This clever process helps to eliminate any internal weaknesses and strengthens the metal. Annealing also improves the conductivity of the metal. Copper is the second most conductive material in the world after silver and due to its excellent physical properties copper wire is used in almost every electrical application.Types of copper wireCopper wire more often than not has some sort of coating.The type of coating depends on where the copper wire will be used.Enamelled Wire or (magnet wire) is a wire coated with a thin layer of varnish. Enamelled copper wire is used for the construction of transformers, motors, inductors, electromagnets.Tinned Wire is a copper wire that has had a thin layer of tin applied to the outer surface of the material. Tinning the wire strengthens the coppers natural properties making it more resistant to high temperatures, humid and wet conditions. Tinned copper wire is very easy to solder making it useful for connecting components and internal contacts.Copper wire is a single solid conductor. The size of the wire can be quoted in three different ways. By the size of the strand, the outer diameter or by its gauge. Strand Sizing will be typically shown like 1/0.2 mm 1/ 0.5 mm 1/0.63 mm. The first number before the slash will denote the number of conductors, in this case 1 single solid conductor. The second number after the slash refers to the OD of the solid conductor.Outer Diameter is self-explanatory, it refers to the overall outside diameter of the single solid conductor.American Wire Gauge or AWG is a standard system set for the measurement of the cross sectional area of the solid conductor. AWG sizes are not relative, the higher the AWG number the thinner or smaller the wire, and the lower the AWG the thicker or bigger the wire will be.


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Nebraska is now the second-largest producer of corn ethanol in the U.S. This is largely because of the state's comparative advantages. For one, the state's water resources enable a huge capacity for irrigation – Nebraska ranks second in irrigated crop acres, behind California. Nebraska is the third-largest corn producer in the U.S., with 75 percent of the crop irrigated. The state also produces nearly 5 million acres of soybeans, half of them irrigated. Both provide a large, dependable supply of feedstock for production of ethanol and other biofuels. Nebraska's cattle feeding industry, with more than 4.5 million head on feed, utilizes ethanol byproducts such as distillers grains and enables biorefinery systems to attain high energy efficiency and profitability. This powerful nexus of agriculture, water and biofuels is highly vulnerable to changes in climate. The panelists represented a cross-section of these interests, including a manager of the state's longest-operating ethanol plant, a farmer with extensive knowledge of ethanol production, the administrator of the state ethanol board and a project manager from a federal agency charged with tracking land use and its ties to biofuel production and climate change.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Is the poly carpet poisonous?
Poly carpet is a chemical substance that is toxic, but it is non-toxic during use. This is easy to understand! Asphalt is extracted from petroleum. It is a chemical substance that is toxic, but it is not widely used on the road. How can drivers who are not driving on the road be poisoned?
Living Room Poly Carpet
OK, Back to the topic. Poly carpet, the material is polypropylene, the professional name is polypropylene (PP). Polypropylene is a fiber made of propylene. It was put into production in 1957 and is an important role in synthetic fibers. In addition to its beautiful appearance, it also has the strong abrasion resistance and elasticity. It can maintain its original shape even after several years of use and has excellent dust and dirt resistance. From the perspective of environmental protection, polypropylene carpet is an environmentally friendly carpet. Its volatile index is qualified and will not cause any harm to the human body. Therefore, it is popular among the public and its use range is more and more extensive.
Is the poly carpet toxic? It has already been explained before, but there is also a case where the poly carpet is toxic. That is some inferior poly carpets. Because the indicators are unqualified, it is difficult to guarantee that they will not contain some toxic substances to harm consumers. Therefore, it is recommended that you buy a poly carpet to pick a good brand, not cheap. Warmly Home is also specialized in polypropylene carpets. You are welcome to go to our store to choose from a variety of poly carpets.
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The exterior of your home recreates a consequential function in specifying its prevalent appearance, value, and energy efficiency. The siding is one of the most critical elements of a home's exterior. Choosing the appropriate siding material that satisfies your needs and preferences can be demanding with multiple alternatives. This comprehensive guide will analyze the factors you should deem when picking the right siding for your home.
Factors to Consider when Choosing the Right Siding for Your Home
1. Aesthetic Appeal
The siding you choose will significantly influence your home's curb appeal. Therefore, selecting a material that complements your home's architectural style and improves its appearance is paramount. Consider the following elements when evaluating the aesthetic appeal of diverse siding materials:
- Color: Choose a siding color that complements your home's exterior and landscape. Many siding materials are available in various colors, allowing you to find the perfect shade to suit your taste.
- Texture: The texture of the siding can also impact the overall look of your home. Some siding materials, such as wood and fiber cement, offer a more natural and rustic appearance, while others, like vinyl and metal, furnish a sleek and modern look.
- Architectural style: Your home's style should refer to your siding material selection. For instance, traditional dwellings frequently look best with wood or fiber cement siding, while contemporary homes may benefit from the clean lines of metal or vinyl siding.
2. Durability and Maintenance
The longevity of your siding material is another paramount element to regard. Ideally, you desire a siding material that can defy harsh weather conditions, resist damage from insects and rot, and maintain its appearance over time. When evaluating the durability and maintenance requirements of various siding materials, consider the following aspects:
- Resistance to elements: Assure that the siding material you select is appropriate for the local climate and can defy temperature fluctuations, moisture, and exposure to sunlight.
- Maintenance requirements: Some siding materials, like wood, require regular maintenance, including painting, staining, and sealing. On the other hand, materials like vinyl and metal are virtually maintenance-free, only requiring occasional cleaning.
- Insect and rot resistance: If you live in an area prone to insect infestations or high moisture levels, select a siding material resistant to insects and rot, such as fiber cement or metal siding.
3. Energy Efficiency
Your choice of siding material can influence your home's energy efficiency concerning your heating and cooling costs. When selecting a siding material, consider its insulation properties and how it can help maintain a comfortable interior temperature.
- Insulation value: Scrutinize for high R-value siding materials, implying better insulation properties. Some siding materials, like vinyl and fiber cement, can be merged with extra insulation for improved energy efficiency.
- Thermal mass: Siding materials with high thermal mass, such as brick and stone, can help regulate indoor temperatures by absorbing and releasing heat slowly, reducing the need for heating and cooling systems.
4. Environmental Impact
For environmentally conscious homeowners, the ecological impression of the siding material is an important consideration. Assess the subsequent factors when reckoning the environmental mark of manifold siding materials:
- Recyclability: Some siding materials, like metal and fiber cement, are recyclable, reducing their environmental impact at the end of their life cycle.
- Resource depletion: Consider the resources required to produce the siding material, such as harvesting wood for wood siding or extracting minerals for metal siding.
- Manufacturing processes: The production processes for some siding materials can be energy-intensive and generate pollution. Research the manufacturing processes for each material to make an informed decision about its environmental impact.
5. Cost and Budget
Your budget will play a significant role in selecting siding material. When approximating the costs of additional siding options, regarding the following factors:
- Initial cost: The upfront cost of the siding material will vary depending on the type of material and the quality of the product. Approximate the prices of various materials and entertain them against the other factors discussed in this guide.
- Installation costs: Some siding materials, such as brick and stone, require professional installation and may have higher labor costs. Consider these additional expenses when determining the overall cost of your siding project.
- Maintenance costs: Factor in the long-term maintenance expenses associated with your chosen siding material. For example, wood siding may have lower initial costs but higher maintenance costs, while vinyl siding requires minimal maintenance, potentially saving you money in the long run.
- Replacement costs: Evaluate the lifespan of each siding material and the potential costs associated with replacing it in the future. Choosing a durable material with a longer lifespan can help reduce future expenses.
6. Warranty and Manufacturer Support
The warranty and support furnished by the siding manufacturer can present peace of mind and safeguard your investment. When comparing siding choices regarding the following:
- Warranty coverage: Look for siding materials with a comprehensive warranty covering material defects and, in some cases, even installation issues. Warranties can vary significantly between manufacturers, so read the fine print and understand the terms and conditions before deciding.
- Manufacturer reputation: Research the importance of the siding manufacturer to ensure they stand behind their products and provide reliable customer support. Scrutinize for reviews and testimonials from other homeowners who have used the same siding material.
7. Local Building Codes and Regulations
Before determining a siding material, it's paramount to acquaint yourself with local building codes and regulations. Some locations may have limitations on using particular siding materials or mandate specific installation procedures to meet safety and energy efficiency standards. Confer with a local contractor or building inspector to ensure your chosen siding material complies with all applicable regulations.
Choosing the right siding for your home is a critical judgment that will influence its appearance, durability, energy efficiency, and value. By assessing factors such as aesthetic appeal, durability and maintenance, energy efficiency, environmental impact, cost, warranty, and local building codes, you can make a knowledgeable decision that conforms to your necessities and preferences.
Whether you're building a new home or renovating an existing one, picking the perfect siding material is an acquisition of your home's long-term beauty and functionality. Clutch the time to research and compare diverse siding materials. Feel free to consult with professionals such as Des Moines roofing contractors to ensure the best outcome for your siding project.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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The Orange Curtain is a term that refers to the border between Orange County and Los Angeles County in the U.S. state of California. It is a sometimes derogatory, sometimes lighthearted term, that is used to describe Orange County's more conservative and suburban population as compared to the more liberal and urban population of Los Angeles. The Orange Curtain is a word play on the infamous Iron Curtain which separated communist and capitalist Europe.
According to Colleen Cotter, "Because [Orange County] has a reputation for political conservatism, people from Northern California especially worry about what happens 'Behind the Orange Curtain'."
Karin Aguilar-San Juan describes the Orange Curtain as being between 1890 and 1950, as "the region's controlling elite also embraced a John Birch-style ideology of white supremacy and small government.
The song "Orange County Girl" by Gwen Stefani uses this term, stating "I guess behind the orange curtain it's not so bad."
- Dickson, Paul (2006). Labels for Locals: What to Call People from Abilene to Zimbabwe (Revised ed.). HarperCollins. p. 174. ISBN 978-0-06-088164-1. Retrieved 2011-02-10. "The term "Orange Curtain" is being used to mark those characteristics, real or imagined, that differentiate Orange County from Los Angeles and the rest of California."
- Overley, Jeff (January 4, 2008). "Are we on TV too much?". Orange County Register. Retrieved 2008-04-08.
- Cotter, Colleen (2001). Lonely Planet USA Phrasebook: Understanding Americans & Their Culture (Lonely Planet Phrasebooks). Hawthorn, Vic., Australia: Lonely Planet Publications. p. 199. ISBN 1-86450-182-0.
- Jennifer Lefurgy; Lang, Robert (2007). Boomburbs: the rise of America's accidental cities. Washington, D.C: Brookings Institution Press. p. 165. ISBN 0-8157-5114-1.
- Aguilar-San Juan, Karin (2009). Little Saigons: staying Vietnamese in America. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. p. xii. ISBN 0-8166-5486-7.
|This Southern California location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.|


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THE PHYSICS OF FORAGING: AN INTRODUCTION TO RANDOM SEARCHES AND BIOLOGICAL ENCOUNTERS
PROFESSOR GANDHIMOHAN. M. VISWANATHAN, PROFESSOR MARCOS G. E. DA LUZ, PROFESSOR ERNESTO P. RAPOSO AND H. EUGENE STANLEY
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Número de páginas 178
The Physics of Foraging An Introduction to Random Searches and Biological Encounters Gandhimohan. M. Viswanathan, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil Marcos G. E. da Luz, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil Ernesto P. Raposo, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brazil H. Eugene Stanley, Boston University Do the movements of animals, including humans, follow patterns that can be described quantitatively by simple laws of motion? If so, then why? These questions have attracted the attention of scientists in many disciplines, and stimulated debates ranging from ecological matters to queries such as 'how can there be free will if one follows a law of motion?' This is the first book on this rapidly evolving subject, introducing random searches and foraging in a way that can be understood by readers without a previous background on the subject. It reviews theory as well as experiment, addresses open problems and perspectives, and discusses applications ranging from the colonization of Madagascar by Austronesians to the diffusion of genetically modified crops. The book will interest physicists working in the field of anomalous diffusion and movement ecology as well as ecologists already familiar with the conceptsand methods of statistical physics


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Artifacts suggest symptoms and diet that point to celiac disease.
A group of researchers in Italy have identified what could be an early case of celiac disease. Remains of a young woman from the first century AD indicate short stature, anemia and decreased bone mass. Artifacts from the tomb suggest the woman lived in a wealthy area with an abundance of wheat, which could have contributed to her condition.
"The wellness of the area is supported by the lack of other bodies found with signs of malnutrition. Clinical presentation and the possible continuous exposure to wheat seem to suggest a case of celiac disease," the study said.
Prior to this discovery, the earliest case of celiac disease was in 250 BC, based on historical accounts. Researchers hope this case will offer more insight into the phylogenetic tree of celiac disease.


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only a few percent more than those grown on Earth. As such, although the results did point towards a reduction of lignin in space-grown plants, the difference was deemed statistically insignificant.
The second experiment used the mung beans and oats for chromosomal studies, revealing much fragmentation and breakage and confirming that their root cells had been affected by exposure to microgravity. A third experiment investigated how the organisation of the plants' gravity-sensing tissues, including the root cap, was affected by spaceflight. Within hours of Columbia's landing, the seedlings were removed from the PGU, immersed in fixative, thin-sectioned and stained for light and electron microscopy.
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LM-Dance (1)
Gaia - Mysterious Rhythms is a dance-ritual performed by a young woman on the seashore. The dance unfolds a rite of passage and a process of transformation through the woman's interaction with the elements of the natural environment: the rhythms and features of the earth, sea, moon and sun.
In formal terms, Gaia was set out to explore the notion of screen choreography through a subtle, poetic and reflective interplay of images of the body and the environment. In terms of content, the woman's performance is perceived as a source of metaphoric and archetypal imagery that highlights the intricate relationship between body, psyche, and the world.
Dance on Screen PhD Thesis
Read the Abstract and Introduction below:


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When maintained properly, mass finishing equipment can be very user friendly.
As a result sometimes operators can get into the habit of just turning them on each day and ignoring simple operating and maintenance rules. Avoiding the following 9 mistakes that operators commonly make will help you get the most from your equipment:
- They let the media level drop, often with the aim of saving money or so they can get more work pieces in. This changes the ratio of work pieces per media though and can affect process times, unloading ability, can cause components to damage each other, and can result in the required finish not being achievable.
- Small media isn't removed from the bowl and screened regularly. When this happens, small media will lodge in the work pieces, changing process action and process times. It will also find ways of getting into the drains and blocking them.
- They don't use enough compounds (or don't use any at all!). While their intention may be to save money, instead the abrasive media stops being cleaned (part of the compound's job) and as a result, the media becomes glazed (becomes smooth), rendering it ineffective.
- They don't periodically check the drains and as a result undersized media can block the drainage holes. This raises the water level which in turn affects process capability and can result in the desired finish not being achieved. Ultimately the drain can become completely blocked causing the machine to flood.
- They put too many work pieces in the machine. As per number 1 this can result in work pieces damaging each other, getting trapped under screens (where fitted), and can stop the media movement, causing work pieces to just bounce on the top of each other. In mass finishing there are process ratios to observe and where users exceed them they typically find that more is effectively less!
- Forgetting to reevaluate machine operation after it has been disconnected from power. Often machines are wired in with the poles reversed and as such they run "backwards." It is recommended to always check with the manufacturer of the machine to ensure that it is reinstalled correctly.
- They don't bother to check the lining. When lining wears it causes a loss in process movement and drive. Even worse, if it is completely ignored, abrasive media will abrade the steel fabrication and can eventually produce holes.
- They don't document and control the process. The mentality of "just throw things in" can exist and as operating conditions change eventually no one has an understanding of what to do and why. The phrase, "this is how we've always done it" prevails and as a result the finish they produce is often way below what is possible.
- They don't control the starting condition of the work pieces to be processed. Machine operating parameters are determined against the starting condition of a part. Should it change then the process needs to be reviewed. Using a machine is like baking a cake – all you have to do is follow the recipe. Change the ingredients though and you could be in for a nasty surprise!
To discuss how Rosler can help your team find a better way, contact us today.


table pointer to NULL. Figuring out why the vtable address has been corrupted is not trivial with traditional methods: there are entire tools such as ASAN (which requires recompilation) or Valgrind (which is very slow) that have been designed to find and diagnose memory corruption bugs like this. But in the Pernosco omniscient debugger a click on the object's pointer takes the user to where it was assigned into the global variable of interest, and another click on the value of the vtable pointer takes the user to where the vtable pointer was erroneously overwritten. Walk through the complete debugging session here.
As demonstrated in the examples above, the Pernosco omniscient debugger makes it easy to track down even classes of bugs that are notoriously difficult to work with such as race conditions or memory corruption errors. Try out Pernosco individual accounts or on-premises today!
Wednesday, 14 April 2021
Visualizing Control Flow In Pernosco
In traditional debuggers, developers often single-step through the execution of a function to discover its control flow. One of Pernosco's main themes is avoiding single-stepping by visualizing state over time "all at once". Therefore, presenting control flow through a function "at a glance" is an important Pernosco feature and we've recently made significant improvements in this area.
This is a surprisingly hard problem. Pernosco records control flow at the instruction level. Compiler-generated debuginfo maps instructions to source lines, but lacks other potentially useful information such as the static control flow graph. We think developers want to understand control flow in the context of their source code (so approaches taken by, e.g., reverse engineering tools are not optimal for Pernosco). However, mapping potentially complex control flow onto the simple top-to-bottom source code view is inherently lossy or confusing or both.
For functions without loops there is a simple, obvious and good solution: highlight the lines executed, and let the user jump in time to that line's execution when clicked on. In the example below, we can see immediately where the function took an early exit.
To handle loops, Pernosco builds a dynamic control flow graph, which is actually a tree where leaf nodes are the execution of source lines, non-leaf nodes are the execution of a loop iteration and the root node is the execution of the function itself. Constructing a dynamic CFG is surprisingly non-trivial (especially in the presence of optimized code and large functions with long executions), but outside the scope of this post. Then, given a "current moment" during the function call, we identify which loop iterations are "current", and highlight the lines executed by those loop iterations; clicking on these highlights jumps directly to the appropriate point in time. Any lines executed during this function call but not in a current loop iteration are highlighted differently; clicking on these highlights shows all executions of that line in that function call. Hover text explains what is going on.
This presentation is still lossy — for example control-flow edges are not visible. However, user feedback has been very positive.
Try out Pernosco individual accounts or on-premises today!
Thursday, 4 March 2021
On-Premises Pernosco Now Available; Reflecting On Application Confinement
In November we announced Pernosco availability for individual developers via our debugging-as-a-service platform. That product requires developers to share binary code, debug symbols and test data with us (but not necessarily source code), and we recognize that many potential customers are not comfortable with that. Therefore we are making Pernosco available to run on-premises. Contact us for a free trial! On-prem pricing is negotiable, but we prefer to charge a fixed amount per month for unlimited usage by a given team. Keep in mind Pernosco's current limitations: applications that work with rr (Linux, x86-64), C/C++/Rust/Ada/V8.
An on-premises customer says:
One of the key takeaways for me in our evaluation is that users keep coming back to pernosco without me pushing for it, and really like it — I have rarely seen such a high adoption rate in a new tool.
To deploy Pernosco on-premises we package it into two containers: the database builder and the application server. You collect an rr trace, run the database builder, then run the application server to export a Web interface to the database. Both steps, especially database building, require a reasonably powerful machine; our hosted service uses c5d.9xlarge instances for database building and a smaller shared i3.4xlarge instance for the application servers. If you want to run your own private shared service you are responsible for any authentication, authorization, public routing to the Web interface, wrangling database storage, etc.
To help our customers feel comfortable using Pernosco on-premises, all our closed-source code is bundled into those two containers, and we provide an open-source Python wrapper which runs those containers with sandboxing to confine it. Our goal is that you should not have to trust anything other than that easily-audited wrapper script (and rr of course, which is open source, but not so easily audited, though lots of people have looked into it). Our database builder container simply reads one subtree of the filesystem and drops a database into it, and the application server reads that subtree and exposes a Web server on a private subnet. Both containers should be incapable of leaking data to the outside world, even if the contents were malicious.
This seems like a natural approach to deploying closed-source software — no-one wants to be the next Solarwinds. In fact even if you receive the entire product's source code from your vendor, you still want confinement because you're not really going to audit it effectively. Therefore I'm surprised to find that this use-case doesn't seem to be well-supported by infrastructure!
For example, Docker provides an embedded DNS server to containers that cannot be disabled. We don't need it, and in theory crafted DNS queries could leak information to the outside world, so I'd like to disable it. But apparently our confinement goal is not considered a valid use-case by Docker. (I guess you can work around this by limiting the DNS service on the container host somehow, but that sucks more.)
Another interesting issue is preventing leaks through our Web application. For example when a user loads our application, it could send messages to public Internet hosts that leak information. We try to prevent this by having our application send CSP headers that deny all non-same-origin access. The problem is, if our application was malicious it could simply change the CSP it sends. Preventing that would seem to require a proxy outside the container that checks or modifies the CSP headers we send.
I'm surprised these problems haven't already been solved, or at least that the solutions aren't widely known and deployed.
What Would Jesus Do... About Vaccination?
My thoughts about COVID19 vaccination as a Christian are pretty simple (assuming the Pfizer vaccine or something similar):
 - Is it safe for me?
 Yes. I'm not known to be allergic to vaccine components or immunologically compromised, and the safety data is solid.
 - If I get exposed to COVID19, will the vaccine stop me from getting infected and passing it on to people around me?
 Yes, almost certainly per the data.
 - Knowing this, if I chose to not get vaccinated, caught COVID19, and infected people around me with COVID19, would I have disobeyed Jesus' command to love my neighbour?
 - Is there any other way I can ensure I won't catch COVID19 and infect others?
 - Are there any countervailing ethical issues with taking the vaccine?
 No. None of the vaccines on offer are closely connected to abortion.
Thus it is pretty clearly God's will for me to be vaccinated.
Monday, 22 February 2021
Mercer Bay
West of Auckland, between Karekare beach and Piha beach, there is a small bay called Mercer Bay. It's surrounded by cliffs and there is no marked track to get down to it, but I've known for a long time that there is an unmarked route down the cliff. Last year I met someone who knows the route and she kindly agreed to guide a group of us down it on Saturday morning.
We started from Karekare up the Cowan track to the turnoff. The cliffs look precipitious and I'm not good with heights, but the route is actually not very difficult, and we got down quite easily. Mercer Bay is very pretty. At dead low tide you can walk around the north end of the beach to an inlet with three large sea-caves. The largest goes a significant distance into the hill to a blowhole where the roof has collapsed. It's incredibly impressive.
Climbing back up the cliff is the sensible but strenuous way out, but at dead low tide you can walk south around the rocks back to Karekare beach, and that's what we did. There is some nontrivial (for me) climbing involved — a few narrow ledges, a few overhangs — but the barnacle-covered conglomerate rocks provide excellent footholds and handholds if you have gloves or don't mind a few scrapes. Unfortunately we did not time our walk well and the tide was coming in, so we had to hurry. In a few places we had to cross little inlets with waves surging in and out, and later on we just plunged in when it wasn't too deep. I don't know how close we came to being trapped, but I certainly would have preferred a larger safety margin. Lesson learned! (I was carrying


Species object
Options for compartment species
The SimBiology® species object represents a species, which is a chemical or entity that participates in reactions, for example, DNA, ATP, Pi, creatine, G-Protein, or Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK). Species amounts can vary or remain constant during a simulation.
To add species that participate in reactions, add the reaction to the model. The process of adding the reaction to the model creates a compartment object (unnamed) and the necessary species objects.
Alternatively, create and add a species object to a compartment object, using the addspecies method at the command line.
When you use the SimBiology desktop to create a new model, it adds an empty compartment (unnamed), to which you can add species.
See Property Summary for links to species property reference pages. Properties define the characteristics of an object. Use the get and set commands to list object properties and change their values at the command line. You can graphically change object properties in the graphical user interface.
Constructor Summary
Method Summary
Methods for species objects
copyobj (any object)Copy SimBiology object and its children
delete (any object)Delete SimBiology object
display (any object)Display summary of SimBiology object
get (any object)Get object properties
rename (compartment, parameter, species, reaction)Rename object and update expressions
set (any object)Set object properties
Property Summary
Properties for species objects
BoundaryConditionIndicate species boundary condition
ConstantAmount Specify variable or constant species amount
InitialAmountSpecies initial amount
InitialAmountUnitsSpecies initial amount units
NameSpecify name of object
NotesHTML text describing SimBiology object
ParentIndicate parent object
TagSpecify label for SimBiology object
TypeDisplay SimBiology object type
UserDataSpecify data to associate with object
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When importing tables into Cartographica using File > Import Table Data… Cartographica uses a sampling of the file to help determine the types of the data.
If the imported file is a DBF file, field information (name, length, and type) are taken directly from the schema in the file.
The process is as follows:
- First it scans the beginning of the file looking for delimiters to determine the end of line, field break, and field escape characters. Line breaks are expected to be either CR, LF, or CRLF.
- If you have marked the first line as containing the field names, they are taken as the field names and the line is skipped.
- A series of lines (usually 30) are read by Cartographica to sample the data for type information. All fields are originally presumed to be string (text) fields, but each of the fields in each of the lines is tested to see if they could also be another format, such as date or number.
- Once the lines are read and the testing is done, Cartographica makes a determination based on the data in the fields as to the type. If all read lines contain valid numbers, the field is presumed to be numeric; if all lines contain valid dates, the field is presumed to be dates; otherwise, it is taken as a string.
In versions prior to 1.4, if you encounter a situation where a field is mistakenly recognized as a date or number field, it is possible to remedy this by moving a line (or lines) that does not comply with that to the top of the file.


1-Take Animals Out
2-Take Them Apart
3-Create Your Own
chimera: |kīˈmi(ə)rə (noun)
: an organism composed of two or more species.
Chimeras make all of this possible. With interchangeable ears, arms, and legs, Chimeras makes plush toys more dynamic and more fun. They come in pairs, so that you can start mixing and matching immediately. Watch how their personality changes with each new combination…and how their bewildered look stays the same.


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I'd like to hear from those who have used Doctrine 2 (or later) and Propel 1.5 (or later). Most comparisons between these two object relational mappers are based on old versions -- Doctrine 1 versus Propel 1.3/1.4, and both ORMs went through significant redesigns in their recent revisions. For example, most of the criticism of Propel seems to center around the "ModelName Peer" classes, which are deprecated in 1.5 in any case.
Here's what I've accumulated so far (And I've tried to make this list as balanced as possible...):
- Extremely IDE friendly, because actual code is generated, instead of relying on PHP magic methods. This means IDE features like code completion are actually helpful.
- Fast (In terms of database usage -- no runtime introspection is done on the database)
- Clean migration between schema versions (at least in the 1.6 beta)
- Can generate PHP 5.3 models (i.e. namespaces)
- Easy to chain a lot of things into a single database query with things like
useXxxmethods. (See the "code completion" video above)
- Requires an extra build step, namely building the model classes.
- Generated code needs rebuilt whenever Propel version is changed, a setting is changed, or the schema changes.
This might be unintuitive to some and custom methods applied to the model are lost. (I think?)-- Not true; custom methods aren't lost because the generated class is a base class; Propel provides an entity class specifically for extension.
- Some useful features (i.e. version behavior, schema migrations) are in beta status.
- More popular
- Doctrine Query Language can express potentially more complicated relationships between data than easily possible with Propel's ActiveRecord strategy.
- Easier to add reusable behaviors when compared with Propel.
- DocBlock based commenting for building the schema is embedded in the actual PHP instead of a separate XML file.
- Uses PHP 5.3 Namespaces everywhere
- Requires learning an entirely new programming language (Doctrine Query Language)
- Implemented in terms of "magic methods" in several places, making IDE autocomplete worthless.
- Requires database introspection and thus is slightly slower than Propel by default; caching can remove this but the caching adds considerable complexity.
- Fewer behaviors are included in the core codebase. Several features Propel provides out of the box (such as Nested Set) are available only through extensions.
- Freakin' HUGE :)
This I have gleaned though only through reading the documentation available for both tools -- I've not actually built anything yet.
I'd like to hear from those who have used both tools though, to share their experience on pros/cons of each library, and what their recommendation is at this point :)


optional and defaults the default destination.
Tool collections contain zero or more s, which map to parameters set at job-creation, to allow for assignment of handlers and destinations based on the manner in which the job was created. Currently, only one parameter is defined - namely source.
The content of the tag is the component that created the job. Currently, only Galaxy's visualization component sets this job parameter, and its value is trackster.
trackster
Dynamic Destination Mapping
Galaxy has very sophisticated job configuration options that allow different tools to be submitted to queuing systems with various parameters and in most cases this is sufficient. However, sometimes it is necessary to have job execution parameters be determined at runtime based on factors such as the job inputs, user submitting the job, cluster status, etc… In these cases the dynamic job destination mechanism allows the deployer to describe how the job should be executed using python functions. There are various flavors of dynamic destinations to handle these scenarios.
The two most generic and useful dynamic destination types are python and dtd. The python type allows arbitrary Python functions to define destinations for jobs, while the DTD method (introduced in Galaxy 16.07) defines rules for routing in a YAML file.
Dynamic Destination Mapping (DTD method)
DTD is a special dynamic job destination type that builds up rules given a YAML-based DSL - see config/tool_destinations.yml.sample (on Github) for a syntax description, examples, and a description of how to validate and debug this file.
To define and use rules, copy this sample file to config/tool_destinations.yml and add your rules. Anything routed with a dynamic runner of type dtd will then use this file (such as the destination defined with the following XML block in job_conf.xml).

 dtd
Dynamic Destination Mapping (Python method)
The simplest way to get started with dynamic job destinations is to first create a dynamic job destination in job_conf.xml's section:

 python
 ncbi_blastn_wrapper
Note that any parameters defined on dynamic destinations are only available to the function. If your function dispatches to a static destination, parameters are not propagated automatically.
Next for any tool one wants to dynamically assign job destinations for, this blast dynamic destination must be specified in the job_conf.xml's section:

Finally, you will need to define a function that describes how ncbi_blastn_wrapper should be executed. To do this, one must create a python source file in lib/galaxy/jobs/rules, for instance destinations.py (though the name of this file is largely unimportant, one can distribute any number of functions across any number of files and they will be automatically detected by Galaxy).
So open lib/galaxy/jobs/rules/destinations.py and define a ncbi_blastn_wrapper function. A couple possible examples may be:
from galaxy.jobs import JobDestination
import os
def ncbi_blastn_wrapper(job):
 # Allocate extra time
 inp_data = dict( [ ( da.name, da.dataset ) for da in job.input_datasets ] )
 inp_data.update( [ ( da.name, da.dataset ) for da in job.input_library_datasets ] )
 query_file = inp_data[ "query" ].file_name
 query_size = os.path.getsize( query_file )
 if query_size > 1024 * 1024:
 walltime_str = "walltime=24:00:00/"
 walltime_str = "walltime=12:00:00/"
 return JobDestination(id="ncbi_blastn_wrapper", runner="pbs", params={"Resource_List": walltime_str})
from galaxy.jobs import JobDestination
import os
def ncbi_blastn_wrapper(app, user_email):
 # Assign admin users' jobs to special admin_project.
 admin_users = app.config.get( "admin_users", "" ).split( "," )
 params = {}
 if user_email in admin_users:
 params["nativeSpecification"] = "-P bigNodes"
 return JobDestination(id="ncbi_blastn_wrapper", runner="drmaa", params=params)
The first example above delegates to the PBS job runner and allocates extra walltime for larger input files (based on tool input parameter named query). The second example delegates to the DRMAA job runner and assigns users in the in the admin list to a special project (perhaps configured to have a higher priority or extended walltime).
The above examples demonstrate that the dynamic job destination framework will pass in the arguments to your function that are needed based on the argument names. The valid argument names at this time are:
Global Galaxy application object, has attributes such as config (the configuration parameters loaded from config/galaxy.yml) and job_config (Galaxy representation of the data loaded in from job_conf.xml).
E-mail of user submitting this job.
Galaxy model object for user submitting this job.
Galaxy model object for submitted job, see the above example for how input information can be derived from this.
An object meant a higher level utility for reasoning about jobs than job.
Tool object corresponding to this job.
ID of the tool corresponding to this job
Utility object with methods designed to allow job rules to interface cleanly with the rest of Galaxy and shield them from low-level details of models, metrics, etc….
A dictionary of parameters specified by the user using job_resource_params_conf.xml (if configured).
A randomly generated UUID for the workflow invocation generating this job - this can be useful for instance in routing all the jobs in the same workflow to one resource.
Also available though less likely useful are job_id.
The above examples demonstrated mapping one tool to one function. Multiple tools may be mapped to the same function, by specifying a function the the dynamic destination:

 blast_dest

In this case, you would need to define a function named blast_dest in your python rules file and it would be called for all three tools. In cases like this, it may make sense to take in tool_id or tool as argument to factor the actual tool being used into your decision.
As a natural extension to this, a dynamic job runner can be used as the default destination. The below examples demonstrate this and other features such as returning mapping failure messages to your users and defaulting back to existing static destinations defined in job_conf.xml.
Additional Dynamic Job Destination Examples
The following example assumes the existence of a job destination with ids short_pbs and long_pbs and that a default dynamic job runner has been defined as follows in job_conf.xml:

 default_runner
With these if place, the following default_runner rule function will route all tools with id containing mothur to the long_pbs destination defined jobs_conf.xml and all other tools to the short_pbs destination:
def default_runner(tool_id):
 if'mothur' in tool_id >= 0:
 return 'long_pbs'
 return'short_pbs'
As another example, assume that a few tools should be only accessible to developers and all other users should receive a message indicating they are not authorized to use this tool. This can be accomplished with the following job_conf.xml fragment

 dev_only

Coupled with placing the following function in a rules file.
from galaxy.jobs.mapper import JobMappingException
from galaxy.jobs import JobDestination
DEV_EMAILS = ["_EMAIL_"]
def dev_only(user_email):
 if user_email in DEV_EMAILS
 return JobDestination(id="dev_only", runner="drmaa")
 raise JobMappingException("This tool is under development and you are not authorized to it.")
There is an additional page on Access Control for those interested.
Additional Tricks
If one would like to tweak existing static job destinations in just one or two parameters, the following idiom can be used to fetch static JobDestination objects from Galaxy in these rule methods - dest = app.job_config.get_destination( id_or_tag ).
Limiting Job Resource Usage
The collection defines the number of concurrent jobs users can run, output size limits, and a Galaxy-specific limit on the maximum amount of time a job can run (rather than relying on a DRM's time-limiting feature). This replaces the former job_walltime, output_size_limit, registered_user_job_limit, anonymous_user_job_limit configuration parameters, as well as the (mostly broken) [galaxy:job_limits] section.
NB: The job_walltime and output_size limits are only implemented in the local and pbs job runner plugins. Implementation in other runners is likely to be fairly easy and would simply require a bit of testing - we would gladly accept a pull request implementing these features in the other provided runner plugins.
The collection has no attributes.
The collection contains s


The Byronic Hero Essay Research Paper A
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ: The Byronic Hero Essay, Research Paper A hero proves his heroism when faced with opposition. He is shrewd, tough, clear-sighted, experienced, and able to handle adversity in a well
The Byronic Hero Essay, Research Paper
receive satisfaction simply from possessing these traits. The Byronic hero
hero are demonstrated in Lord Byron?s description of Napoleon.
Byron begins his description in Stanza 36. He points out that Napoleon
is?Extreme in all things!? I believe that this trait means that the
Byronic hero is neither to the left nor the right, but eternally caught in
the middle of both worlds.
Stanza 38 goes on to say,?Oh, more or less than man-in high or low,
Battling with nations, flying from the field; Now making monarchs? necks thy
footstool, now More than they meanest soldier taught to yield; An empire thou
couldest crush, command, rebuild, But govern not thy pettiest passion, nor,
However deeply in men?s spirits skill?d, Look through thine own, nor curb
the lust of war, Nor learn that tempted Fate will leave the loftiest star.?
I believe that Lord Byron is saying that Napoleon can crush any nation, only
to rebuild it again, and he can win any war, and have control over thousands
of men. It is the war within himself that he has no control over, that he is
not able to crush. Lines 339-342 are referring to the war which Napoleon is
having with himself, and his inability to control it. This is a very
important characteristic of the Byronic hero. It creates the line that comes
between other heroes and the Byronic hero.
Stanza 39 is saying that even though those who once praised him now mock
him, Napoleon is not going to go quietly in to the night, so to speak. Line
350 says?He stood unbowed beneath the ills upon him piled.? This line
points out the integrity factor that the Byronic hero possess. All though
those who were once with him are now against him, he is not going to let them
control his fate, instead he stands with his head tall, integrity in place.
This also hints at non conformity. Most heroes would probably have laid with
down and died along with their pride, but once again, Napoleon stood tall,
refusing to go along with the norm.
Another Byronic hero trait is the belief that the very thing that makes
up great is the very thing that will eventually destroy us. This aspect is
demonstrated in Stanza 40, which states,? Sager than in thy fortunes; for in
them ambition steel?d thee on too far to show That just habitual scorn which
could contemn Men and their thoughts;?twas wise to feel, not so To wear it
ever on thy lip and brow, and spurn the instruments thou wert to
use Till they were turn?d unto thine overthrow:?Tis but a worthless world
to win or lose; So hath it proved to thee, and all such lot who choose.?
Another trait that the Byronic hero possesses is the problem of being
destroyed by the very thing that makes the hero great. I believe that this
means that you can only go so far to please people. You do all
you can for them and they begin to love you and praise you. One day you wake
up and you find yourself being blamed and punished for the very thing that
got you to the top, by the very people who once were a part of your team.
It?s as if you can?t win for losing.
In conclusion, the Byronic hero is one who ultimately never settles for
less. There is a burning desire within to go against nature and to never
stop, because once you stop your quest, there is nothing left, which goes
against the Byronic hero. The hero knows that there is always that extra
mile to go, never stopping, never being content with self, because once this
happens you have become just like the world.
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text:
Federation: the West Australian between empire and nation
Central Queensland University
Faculty of Community Services, Education and Social Sciences
School of Communications and Multimedia
When approaching the topic of The West Australian and Federation the guiding question was: 'Did The West Australian change character when Western Australia voted to be come part of the Commonwealth of Australia?' The word 'character' was selected deliberately, because it is used in two ways. On one hand it is employed to find out where The West Australian placed its emotional ties, and on the other it is used to look at the paper's organizational aspects, and see whether and when shifts occurred.


text:
The NYU LGBTQ+ Center creates a welcoming environment for students, faculty, staff, and alumni to engage with and develop their understanding of LGBTQ+ communities through programs, events, learning and development, support, resource sharing, and consultation.
The LGBTQ+ Center offers educational and community-focused programs and events throughout the year for NYU students, faculty, staff, and alumni.
- First Year Queers and Allies (FYQA)
- Lavender Graduation
- LGBTQ+ Faculty and Graduate Student Dinners
- NYC Pride March with NYU
- Queer and Trans People of Color (QTPOC) Gatherings
- Queer Grad Socials
- Queer Leadership Retreat
- Queering Faith
- Quench (Queer + Lunch) Series
- Trans Awareness Week
- Trans Inclusion in Higher Education Symposium
The LGBTQ+ Center provides learning and development focused on how to best support LGBTQ+ communities. Additionally, the Center offers consultation services to faculty, staff, and departments who want to increase their knowledge of, and improve their support for, these communities.
- Intro to NYU LGBTQ+ - A brief overview of terms and strategies to support these communities.
- Safe Zone - Establish foundational knowledge about LGBTQ+ communities, issues these communities face, and LGBTQ+ resources at NYU and beyond.
The LGBTQ+ Center is a hub where students, faculty, staff, and alumni can connect and support one another in myriad ways. Stop by or reach out to the Center to learn more about engaging with LGBTQ+ life on campus and beyond. Or contact one of NYU's many affiliated LGBTQ+ groups, organizations, or networks directly to get involved.
LGBTQ+ Student Groups and Organizations
LGBTQ+ Center Groups
The following groups meet via Zoom every other week during the fall 2021 semester (until further notice):
- Aces & Aros - For people who identify across the asexual or aromantic spectrum and their allies
- CampGrrl* - For lesbian, bisexual, transgender, and queer women and their allies
- LGBTQ+Faith - For LGBTQ+ students who want to discuss religion, faith, and spirituality
- New Masculinities* - An inclusive community dedicated to the redefinition and exploration of masculinity.
- Queer Grads - For LGBTQ+ graduate students and their allies
- Queer Union* - For queer activism, education, and community building
- SHADES - For LGBTQ+ students of color and their allies
- T-Party* - For transgender, non-binary, and gender non-conforming students and their allies
*Those listed with an asterisk are also Student Activities Board (SAB) funded clubs.
Student Activities Board (SAB) funded clubs
Student Activities Board (SAB) funded clubs are student groups that are formally recognized by the University through the Center for Student Life.
- Keshet - NYU's club for LGBTQ+ Jews and allies
- Pride Month - Builds community for LGBTQ+ students through creative, educational, and social events in the month of October
- Delta Lambda Phi - Fraternity for gay, bisexual, and progressive men
- AQUA: Allies & Queers for Understanding and Awareness (Dentistry)
- LGBTQMed (Medicine)
- LGBTQIA2-Nursing Student Association (Nursing)
- oSTEM (Tandon)
- OutClass (Stern - graduate)
- OUTLaw (Law)
- Pride Corp (Stern - undergraduate)
- Pride in Practice (Social Work)
- Sackler LGBTQ+ (Sackler Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences)
- Stonewall Policy Alliance (Wagner)
- Tisch Queer Artist Guild (Tisch)
Provides LGBTQ+ staff and faculty at NYU with a visible advocacy network in which to build community and enhance both personal and professional skills.
A network for NYU alumni who are members of, or allies to, the LGBTQ+ community. The LGBTQ+ Alumni Network organizes and hosts a range of events, educational programs, and community service opportunities to help NYU graduates stay involved with inclusion and equity on campus.
Additional Resources at the LGBTQ+ Center include:
- Lounge space
- David Bohnett Cyber Center, with printing
- Safer-sex supplies and menstrual products
- NYU Courtesy Meals
- Free coffee and tea
Kimmel Center for University Life
9:00 a.m.–5:00 p.m. ET


text:
Press Release: New Study Shows Long Term Benefits of Educational Access
Disadvantaged Women Ultimately Attain 70% Graduation Rate, Higher Earnings, and Better Educated Children
When measured over the course of a lifetime, the benefits of providing disadvantaged students, particularly women, with wider access to higher education are startling, according to a recently released study by sociologists at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York (CUNY). The researchers found that over a 30-year period, surveyed women admitted to CUNY in the early 1970s ultimately achieved a 70% college graduation rate, earned an annual average of $7,525 more than they otherwise would have, and passed the benefits of their educational experience on to their children. The patterns were similar to a 20-year longitudinal study of students nationwide.
The complete findings are reported in a new book, Passing the Torch: Does Higher Education for the Disadvantaged Pay Off Across the Generations? (Russell Sage Foundation, April 2007), by Graduate Center Professors Paul Attewell and David Lavin, assisted by recent doctoral graduates Thurston Domina and Tania Levy.
"The study is a strong affirmation of the significant benefits to both individuals and society of providing broad access to higher education," said Professor Attewell. "It shows that college-going not only pays off for disadvantaged students themselves, it also improves the educational chances of their children."
The researchers followed a cohort of nearly 2,000 women who had entered CUNY colleges in the early 1970s and then re-interviewed them almost thirty years later to measure their achievements three decades after initially attending college. The participants were selected to reflect an equal representation of white, black, and Hispanic ethnic groupings. Women were chosen for the study in order to facilitate evaluation of the impact of their education on their children, something that would be difficult to track effectively with men.
The CUNY results were compared to the government's National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY), which tracked a large nationally representative sample of almost 6,000 young women over a 20-year period starting in 1979. The authors used a variety of statistical methods to assess the impacts of college attendance upon the women, including a recently developed technique that separates out the true causal effects of college going itself from other confounding factors such as the mother's IQ, psychological motivation, and family background.
The 70% graduation rate of the CUNY students after 30 years compares to 61% of the students in the NLSY study. Among the CUNY students, 75.3% of the white women, 60.2 % of the black women, and 60% of the Hispanic women received an Associate level or higher degree over the 30 year period. For a Bachelor's degree or higher, the figures were, respectively, 61.7%, 40.5%, and 38.7%, with 29.7%, 15.9%, and 16.4% going on to a Master's or higher degree. While there are variations in categories, the overall pattern in the national survey is similar. (Full statistical breakouts are reported in the complete study.)
Much of the national policy debate on graduation rates uses a 6 or 8 year timeframe for assessing success or failure in completing college. But the authors of Passing the Torch point out that the students in the survey faced life issues that precluded continuous enrollment, causing them to drop in and out according to employment, family, and financial issues. Given time, many students one might consider drop-outs return to complete their degrees, sometimes at different institutions than the ones they started at. Over half of minority women took more than six years to complete their BAs, for example, and about a quarter took 15 or more years to finish. It has become very common for disadvantaged students to cycle in and out of college several times before finally completing their courses of study, but the authors argue this should neither be read as a sign of individual failure nor of ineffectual educational institutions.
In recent years, the overall profile of college students has changed --- only about 25% of today's undergraduates are the traditional, parent-supported, fulltime resident students of the past. Standards such as graduation rates after six years, developed for those students, simply don't relate to most of the students attending college today, and particularly not those from disadvantaged backgrounds.
Quite simply, the higher the level of education, the more the women in all ethnic groupings earned. Despite prophesies that wider access to college education would result in devalued degrees, the researchers found that college degrees have held their value even while the number of graduates has burgeoned, and that for women especially, the payoff to a degree has climbed even as student diversity has increased. Moreover, if one measures the value of a degree in terms of the earnings gap between high school graduates and college graduates, some groups of disadvantaged students get a bigger boost from getting a degree than students from more privileged family backgrounds. Even college students who fail to complete a degree earn significantly more than students from similar backgrounds who never went beyond high school at all.
Comparing the results of open access to hypothetical outcomes of more restrictive admissions, the researchers calculated that the annual dollar benefit to each woman averaged $9,705 for whites, $5002 for blacks, and $7,868 for Hispanics.
Impact on the next generation:
The study also measured significant advancements in upward mobility as result of exposure to higher education. The authors found that college attendance raises a mother's educational expectations for her children and increases parental involvement in children's schools. College-going mothers are more likely to send their children to parochial rather than public schools, and to make greater efforts to enrich their children's cultural environments, and are often more involved in local community organizations than their non-college going peers.
Children also benefit from changes in parenting that are associated with maternal college going, including higher rates of marriage and greater martial stability, both of which improve children's educational outcomes. Women who go to college are more likely to marry and their marriages are more likely to last than women from similar social backgrounds who don't go to college. Growing up in a stable two-parent family enhances children's test scores and other measures of educational progress.
The story that unfolds in the study is not all positive, however. Racial and economic disadvantages still reach across the generations. African-American college women, in particular, find it harder than whites to pass their hard-won achievements on to the next generation, in part because they are much less likely to marry or stay married in the years after entering college. More of their children grow up in single-parent contexts, and with lower household incomes, compared to their Hispanic and white counterparts. Black children are less likely than children in other racial/ethnic groups to match their educated mothers' achievements.
The book also emphasizes that a weak high school preparation clearly lowers the chances that disadvantaged students will make it through to college graduation.
Overall, though, the evidence in Passing the Torch reaffirms the American ideal of upward mobility through education, even as it documents the persistence of inequality and disadvantage across the generations. It makes a persuasive argument in favor of maintaining access to college for disadvantaged students.
The Graduate Center is the doctorate-granting institution of the City University of New York (CUNY). An internationally recognized center for advanced studies and a national model for public doctoral education, the school offers more than thirty doctoral programs, as well as a number of master 's programs. Many of its faculty members are among the world's leading scholars in their respective fields, and its alumni hold major positions in industry and government, as well as in academia. The Graduate Center is also home to twenty-eight interdisciplinary research centers and institutes focused on areas of compelling social, civic, cultural, and scientific concerns. Located in a landmark Fifth Avenue building, the Graduate Center has become a vital part of New York City's intellectual and cultural life with its extensive array of public lectures, exhibitions, concerts, and theatrical events. Further information on the Graduate Center and its programs can be found at _URL_.
Submitted on: JUN 1, 2007


text:
Application to Human Systems
Taleb extends the concept of antifragility to various aspects of human life, ranging from economics, finance, and technology to personal health and decision-making. For example, imagine two individuals, Alex and Ben, who have similar fitness goals and decide to start an exercise routine to improve their overall health and well-being.
Alex follows a rigid exercise routine that includes running five miles every day, lifting weights for an hour, and sticking to a specific diet plan. This routine might work well for a while when everything goes as planned, but it leaves Alex vulnerable to disruptions. If Alex gets injured or falls ill, she won't be able to maintain the strict routine, and her progress might suffer. Additionally, this rigid routine could become monotonous over time, leading to potential demotivation or burnout.
On the other hand, Ben takes an antifragile approach to his exercise routine. He focuses on building a diverse set of physical activities and a flexible mindset. He includes activities like running, weightlifting, yoga, swimming, and cycling in his routine. Instead of following a strict schedule, Ben listens to his body and adapts his workouts based on how he feels each day. Some days he may do intense workouts, while on other days, he may opt for lighter exercises or rest completely.
If Ben gets injured, he can easily switch to low-impact exercises without disrupting his overall progress. Furthermore, the variety in his routine keeps him engaged and excited about working out, reducing the risk of burnout. By embracing variability and being adaptable, Ben's exercise routine becomes antifragile.


text:
UlmUlm is a city in Germany, part of the Bundesland of Baden-Württemberg. Population is slightly above 120000.
|Table of contents|
5 People from Ulm
Ulm was first mentioned in 854, and was declared city by Friedrich Barbarossa in 1164. Ulm blossomed during the 1500s and 1600s, mostly due to the export of Barchent. It was also the high of art in Ulm, especially for painters and sculptors.
In 1803, it ceased to be a "free city" and became part of Bavaria, and 1810 part of the Kingdom of Württemberg.
People from Ulm


text:
The Whistleblower Protection Enhancement Act (WPEA) passed the House of Representatives in late September and the Senate this week, and is being sent to President Obama for his signature.
This long overdue legislation overturns many loopholes and provides critically important upgrades to weak, current protections.
Passage of the WPEA plays a significant role in food safety oversight, as it better protects those charged with enforcing food safety laws – including U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) veterinarians and inspectors, as well as Food and Drug Administration (FDA) employees. Over the past several years, FIC has heard from countless federal whistleblowers that desperately want to expose food industry wrongdoing or threats to public health, but failed to come forward due to a lack of strong whistleblower protections, which are necessary to safeguard against retaliation.
"America's food just got a lot safer," said FIC Director Amanda Hitt. "Government workers who serve as the public's watchdog are now themselves safer from retaliation. Federal food safety employees have finally been deputized to protect the food supply."
Under the new legislation's improvements, a federal employee is now protected even when s/he:
- is not the first person who discloses given misconduct
- blows the whistle while carrying out job duties
- makes a disclosure to a supervisor
- discloses the consequences of a policy decision, or
- does not have "irrefragable proof" (defined as "undeniable, incontestable, incontrovertible proof") of government misconduct.
For a fuller list of protections, see GAP's earlier press release about the law's passing here.
What Types of Whistleblowing Actions by Federal Food Workers are now Protected?
There are a number of types of workers and disclosures that will now receive solid and enforceable whistleblower protections. They include:
- A public health veterinarian reporting to his/her USDA supervisor that a slaughterhouse repeatedly violated humane handling regulations
- An FDA inspector who tries to expose falsification of Salmonella records at a cantaloupe farm
- A Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) district office manager reporting frequent complaints by FSIS poultry inspectors that increased line speeds have made it impossible for workers to pull all potentially contaminated birds off the line
- An FDA researcher whose attempts at publishing new findings on a controversial food ingredient are stifled by upper management


text:
A couple of weeks ago, I was invited to the local PBS affiliate to hear the results of a study recently commissioned by PBS Kids. We are a PBS Kids family for sure, so the whole family was excited to attend the event with me. While I was hearing about the study, my little guy was hanging out with Curious George. [Cue the Pre-School Squee!]
According to PBS Kids, "The national survey of parents with children ages 2-12 also indicated that parents are less likely to support their kids' math skills from the earliest ages, and that many parents have anxiety about supporting math learning at home."
Responding to this need, PBS Kids and the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB) announced a new program called "It All Adds Up." It All Adds up is "an effort that aims to boost math learning at home – and everywhere – by providing resources for parents."
PBS Kids and the CPB have already been doing great work over the last two years in literacy and math via more than 100 games and apps through the Ready to Learn program. It All Ads Up will build on that success and make them accessible online at PBS Kids' Lab, "a site that aggregates games, apps and offline activities to help support math and reading learning for kids 2 -8."
Here are a couple of photos of my little guy and a little girl playing a particularly awesome Curious George game available at PBS Kids' Lab. It uses the microphone and the camera on the computer to allow the game to be interactive with little ones who maybe haven't mastered the mouse or the keyboard. My guy LOVED it.
Here are a few of the awesome new resources:
New FETCH! 3-D Online Game: Ruff Ruffman's Monumental Mini-Golf
Kiddos aged 6 to 8 will help Ruff build his mini golf course. Kids will partner up (safely) with other kids who are also online to solve puzzles and create structures. All along they will be practicing spatial reasoning, measurement, and shape manipulation. At the end of the game, kids get to play through the mini golf course that they just helped create! This game is in public beta, so there will likely be more changes to the game, but it's a great time to get in and try it!
PBS Parents Play & Learn App
This is PBS Kids' first app designed exclusively for parents. Available for free download, the app offers games and ideas for parents to practice math skills with their kids. The games are organized around familiar places like home or the grocery store and also divided by stages: baby, toddler, and pre-school. I happen to LOVE this app and wish it was around when my guy was even younger. It's available in English and Spanish plus on basically every platform you could possibly want: iPhone, iPad, iPod touch, Android phones/tablets (including Kindle Fire).
Launch of Peg + Cat
I'm very excited about this. PBS Kids will be launching a new show called Peg + Cat in Fall of 2013. It features "spirited Peg and her sidekick Cat as they embark on adventures and learn foundational math concepts and skills." We got to see a quick clip at the event, and it is adorable. Can't wait! I'm sure my guy is going to love it!
To stay up to date on all of the good things going on at PBS Kids, be sure to follow them on Facebook.


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Time Delays in Healthcare License Reporting to State Licensing Boards
Time Delays in Healthcare License Reporting to State Licensing Boards
The differences in reporting between the states:
Ideally, each state would release the disciplinary actions every month so healthcare organizations can then find the database or minutes and pull the information on the sanctioned individuals. But this is not always the case. In general, the majority of state's disciplinary boards release their minutes to the license board each month; however, in certain cases, it takes weeks, or even months, to type up and publish the actual documents. There are also plenty of states that do not update their lists on a monthly basis. Some release the minutes every quarter or even once every three months and some even take another month to get it up on the website.
To make things even more challenging, each state varies in how it releases the minutes. For example, Montana releases the minutes of the entire meeting, not just the names of the disciplined individuals, in audio files. And that takes up an unnecessary amount of time, as well a converting the audio to text.
These delays in releasing the minutes can make organizations 4-5 months behind in finding sanctioned employees. And by then, the facility could be racking up fines for employing a sanctioned individual who billed Medicare or Medicaid.
Common law legal implications:
Even though healthcare organizations are not required by federal law to verify licenses every month, they still need to know which of their employees have sanctions/disciplinary actions against them. Most states have legislation requiring that certain providers in healthcare verticals (long-term care, hospitals, dialysis, dental practices) check the status of an applicant's license upon pre-hire. Further, common law negligent hiring and retention cases demonstrate why the monitoring of licenses beyond a pre-hire background check (during employment) is best practice.
Who is liable for unlicensed care?
Both the employer who should have known and the licensed practitioner who practiced without a license. The actual licensed individual will receive the initial consequences from the license board because it is his/her license that is affected. Civil and possible criminal penalties can apply, depending on the actions and the authority of the Board. But, there is also a liability to the employer/facility for said fines.
The employer/facility can face separate penalties as well as the repercussion of a possible False Claims case. The Medicare or Medicaid payments billed by the sanctioned and/or unlicensed individual is money the organization needs to pay back as a false claim. The action centers on the fraudulent submission of a claim while unlicensed. This can turn into a serious financial hardship for an employer as care has been provided but will not be reimbursed by federal healthcare dollars.
So, yes, practicing without a healthcare license and then billing the government for reimbursement of federal healthcare dollars (Medicare, Medicaid, CHIPS, TriCare) is and can be pursued as fraud.
The evolution of an exclusion: (Did You Know?)
According to the OIG, 48 percent of OIG exclusions are a result of an action that stemmed from the loss of a license. A loss of a healthcare license or a sanction does not necessarily always lead to an OIG exclusion and vice versa. An individual can be excluded but still have an active license. The best way to visualize this is in a Venn diagram with licenses in the middle between sanctions and exclusions. Sanctions, license restrictions and exclusions are all related but separate.
A healthcare license is a privilege, not a right. It can be revoked, suspended, restricted or valid.
The license holder (practitioner) can be sanctioned as a result of actions/inactions while a license holder. Such disciplinary actions can lead to a license status change and, if applicable, even lead to an exclusion by a state Medicaid Agency and/or the OIG.
This is the last blog in our three-part blog series covering healthcare licenses. Read the other blogs here:
1. Primary source license verification: what, where & when
2. Three nuances in the license verification process
4. Healthcare license fraud is a realty – here's how to avoid it
Michael Rosen, Esq.
Written by Michael Rosen, ESQ
ProviderTrust Co-Founder, _EMAIL_
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THE PATTERNS OF HOME LANGUAGE USAGE AS DETERMINANTS OF ACADEMIC LEARNING OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNERS
Mishra, S.P., The University of Arizona, USA
The study examined the impact of the patterns of home language uses on the academic learning of English Language Learners (ELL). On the basis of dominant spoken language patterns in home of Mexican-American students from low socio-economic homes, the sampled children were divided into bilingual and monolingual groups. The subjects in the study consisted of 146 children from an elementary school. A battery of standardized achievement tests was administered to both monolingual and bilingual groups of subjects. The findings indicated that children speaking both English and Spanish languages at their homes with equal frequency significantly outperformed on all measures of academic achievement as compared with their English or Spanish only monolingual counterparts. The implications of obtained findings indicate the cognitive benefits of bilingualism as it relates to academic learning and readiness.


text: Scottish and northern English: very common patronymic from the personal name Ander(s), a northern Middle English form of Andrew. See also Andreas. The frequency of the surname in Scotland is attributable, at least in part, to the fact that St. Andrew is the patron saint of Scotland, so the personal name has long enjoyed great popularity there. Legend has it that the saint's relics were taken to Scotland in the 4th century by a certain St. Regulus. The surname was brought independently to North America by many different bearers and was particularly common among 18th-century Scotch-Irish settlers in PA and VA. In the United States, it has absorbed many cognate or likesounding names in other European languages, notably Swedish Andersson, Norwegian and Danish Andersen, but also Ukrainian Andreychyn, Hungarian Andrásfi, etc.


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Source Newsroom: University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center
Newswise — HOUSTON — Adults with a New Year resolution to eat healthier foods that can potentially lower cancer risks are invited to participate in the 2013 Healthy Bites nutrition challenge, developed by experts at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center.
"Eating the right foods and staying at a healthy weight can help reduce a person's chances of cancer," said Mary Ellen Herndon, a wellness dietitian at MD Anderson. "But, maintaining a healthy diet can be difficult. That's why we created the Healthy Bites program."
Focus on small diet changes
To be launched in January 2013, Healthy Bites encourages participants to make small diet changes by completing one nutrition challenge each month in 2013. Challenges include:
1. Eat breakfast daily.
2. Eat every 5-6 hours while you're awake.
3. Eat more whole grains.
4. Make MyPlate your plate. (The U.S. Department of Agriculture's nutrition guide)
5. Limit red meat consumption.
6. Drink more water.
7. Avoid processed meat.
8. Dine out less.
9. Eat more fruits and veggies.
10. Eat plant-based protein.
11. Eat less salt.
12. Drink less alcohol.
"Research shows that successful nutrition programs focus on small changes," Herndon said. "It's these small changes that can lead to larger, more impactful behavior change."
Get nutrition support and advice
People who join Healthy Bites will have access to MD Anderson nutrition materials, food journals, healthy recipes and expert tips to help them complete each month's challenge.
"Educate yourself and plan, plan, plan!" said Lyle Rhymes, a participant who completed the "eat less salt" challenge earlier this fall. Lyle is one of 12 recruited participants who successfully completed one of the Healthy Bites challenges listed above.
"Completing this challenge was eye-opening for me," Rhymes said. "I realized just about everything we consume has salt. So, you really have to plan your daily diet."
Stories and videos featuring Rhymes and the 11 other participants will be posted each month on the Healthy Bites website. They'll share their favorite part of the challenge, obstacles they faced and advice for success to help motivate future participants.
Join this challenge
For more information, including details on how to join the challenge, visit _URL_
According to the American Cancer Society, diet and physical activity, including being overweight or obese, contribute to one-third of all cancer deaths in the United States each year. Maintaining a plant-based diet, rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains and beans, and being physically active are some of the best ways to reduce cancer risks.
About MD Anderson
The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston ranks as one of the world's most respected centers focused on cancer patient care, research, education and prevention. MD Anderson is one of only 41 comprehensive cancer centers designated by the National Cancer Institute. For nine of the past 11 years, including 2012, MD Anderson has ranked No. 1 in cancer care in "Best Hospitals," a survey published annually in U.S. News & World Report.


uploaded imageIn a two-dimensional tug-of-war, Alex, Betty, and Charles pull horizontally on an automobile tire at the angles shown in the overhead view of the figure. The tire remains stationary in spite of the three pulls. Alex pulls with force of magnitude 214 N, and Charles pulls with force of magnitude 157 N. Note that the direction of Charles' force is not given. What is the magnitude of Betty's force?
__________ N
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Naro Language Project
The Naro Language Project
The roots of the Naro Language Project lie in the efforts of the congregation of the Reformed Church in D'Kar in the 1980s to try and write their very own language. People like Aron Johannes and Dcatshau Qhomatcã spent many hours writing songs and other materials in an orthography chosen by them. Because there was felt to be a need to have a Bible translation in their language, the help of an organisation from overseas was requested. In 1991 Hessel and Coby Visser came from the Netherlands, supported by the Mission of the Christian Reformed Churches in the Netherlands.
The work of the Naro Language project, affiliated to D'kar Trust, can be divided into three major sections:
1 : Describe the Naro language
2 : Teach people to read and write the Naro language
3 : Translate the Bible in the Naro language


_TAG_ Caves
The sandy and rocky beaches hold a special place in the heart of the visitor to Pegeia. The caves have a unique beauty, created by marine erosion, and seals are resting and procreating occasionally. Pegeia's sea caves with the unique sculpted rocks, formed in thousands of years by earth and sea, are a unique marvel of natural beauty, impressing all visitors.
Step by step, the visitor can investigate the entire Sea Caves region, with its rock aisles, its coastal formations and caves, as well as look upon the water element. The corrosive activity of the sea has managed to penetrate and 'eat through' the rocks in time, and create an important natural mosaic.
The landscape is of unique beauty, geological and biological interest, while high, rocky beaches have been formed at some points of the bay, sometimes reaching a height of 20 meters.
The dispersed islets make the visitor's gaze wander between the land, the rock and the sea…


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Julie Golomb, Nancy Kanwisher; Fidelity of spatial memory across eye movements: Retinotopic memory is more precise than spatiotopic memory. Journal of Vision 2011;11(11):524. doi: 10.1167/11.11.524.
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© ARVO (_PHONE_); The Authors (2016-present)
Visually-guided behavior requires information about spatiotopic (world-centered) locations, but initial visual input is retintopic (eye-centered). Does spatiotopic information reside in higher-level, spatiotopically-organized visual maps, or is it continually reconstructed from retinotopic information with each eye movement? Recent work favors the latter option; to a surprising extent, visual processing occurs in native retinotopic space, even in higher-level visual areas (Golomb, Chun, & Mazer, 2008 J.Neurosci.; Golomb & Kanwisher, VSS 2010). These findings suggest a counterintuitive hypothesis: despite our conscious experience of an effortlessly stable spatiotopic world and our lifetime of practice with spatiotopic tasks, human behavior might actually be better in retinotopic coordinates than in the more ecologically relevant spatiotopic coordinates. To test this idea, we had subjects perform two sessions of a spatial working memory task: one in which they memorized the spatiotopic (absolute) location of a cue, and another in which they memorized the retinotopic location (relative to the eyes). After a delay – which included 0, 1, or 2 guided saccades – subjects reported the memorized location by moving the mouse to the appropriate place on the screen. The error in distance between their reported location and the true location was taken as a measure of the precision of spatial memory. On trials with no saccades, spatial memory was equally precise during the retinotopic and spatiotopic tasks. However, after an eye movement, subjects were significantly more precise at remembering retinotopic locations than spatiotopic locations. This difference grew with each eye movement, such that spatiotopic memory continued to deteriorate, while retinotopic memory remained largely intact. Thus, while we are capable of spatiotopic memory, it is not as reliable as retinotopic memory, and the loss in fidelity with each update is not an inevitable cost of eye movements, but rather a consequence of converting the information from its native retinotopic coordinates.
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imoles' of an alcohol. Secondary alcohols (like we have) are oxidized to ketones in excellent yields.
A'mole' is very large number of molecules (6x1023). The actual number is not important, what is important is that a mole of one substance contains the exact same number of molecules as a mole of any other. A mole of lead weighs 207.2 grams, and its molecular weight is 207.2. A mole of ibuprofen weighs 206.28 grams, mw=206.28. A mole of pseudoephedrine (mw=165.23) weighs 165.23 grams. So if I choose to start with 2 grams of pseudoephedrine, (or 2 x 1/165.23 moles =.0121 moles = 12.1 millimoles), and each mL of the jones reagant oxides 4 millimoles, I will need 12.1 / 4mL of Jones reagant, or 3.03 mL. I will prepare exactly 4mL of the reagent, since I am bound to lose a small amount in the glassware and on the table!
So we only need 4/100 of the 26.72 grams of CrO3 (chromium trioxide) and 23ml H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) to make our needed 4mL of reagent. Half molar amounts of sodium dichromate, potassium dichromate or ammonium dichromate may be substituted. This is because each molecule of CrO3 (mw=99.994) has one chromium atom in the +6 state (that is with 6 bonds, 2 to each of 3 oxygens). Each molecule of sodium dichromate - Na2Cr2O7·2H2O (mw 298) has 2 chromiums in the +6 state (and the chromium is our oxidant in this case). In this example the 1.068 (4/100 x 26.72) grams of CrO3 = 1.068/99.994 or 10.68 millimoles. 10.68/2 mmoles is needed of sodium dichromate. So 5.34 mmoles = 298 x 0.00534 = 1.59 grams. So 1.59 grams of sodium dichromate may be used in place of 1.068 grams of CrO3 (chromium trioxide).
Part 2 - Oxidizing the Alcohol to a Ketone
Lets get to work. 1.068 grams (I used just over 1 gram) CrO3 are added to 0.92ml H2SO4, and distilled water is added to bring the total volume to 4ml. 2 grams of pseudoephedrine are dissolved in 20ml acetone, and cooled in an ice bath. The Jones reagant is slowly added to the pseudoephedrine, dropwise and with stirring. The mixture becomes a reddish brown.
Since we used just about the exact number of molecules required, and under very mild conditions, the reaction will proceed slowly, but very smoothly. Just let the ice melt and the stirred solution warm over night.
Part 3 - Extracting the Ketone
About 12-18 hours later the reaction is complete, the color is now a very dark green. We now have to neutarlize and extract our ketone. Add about 20mL of water, and chill in an ice bath. Dropwise and with stirring add about 1 gram of lye (Sodium Hydroxide - NaOH) in a solution with as little water as possible (highly concentrated). Check the pH regularly, and stop at pH=12. The now basic solution is shaken with 50ml of toluene. Allow to stand and two layers will form. The ketone will move into the toluene layer. Let the mix settle and remove the acetone/toluene/ketone and put it aside. Add another 50mL portion of toluene to the aqueous (water-based) portion, shake, filter (which breaks the emulsion and removes some chromium salts), and remove and put aside the toluene. Ensure that pH is still 12, and repeat again with another 50mL portion of toluene.
Combine the three toluene extractions and evaporate them with a hair dryer. The result is the impure ketone of pseudoephedrine, also know as methcathinione or ephedrone.
We used very gentle oxidation, neutralization, extraction, and evaporation conditions. Shortcuts can be used (no ice, evaporate with some heat, etc.), but good lab practice is never to stress the substrate needlessly. So we were careful.
The raw "dirty" methcathinone weighs about 1.7 grams
It is purified by adding just enough tolene to redissolve it. Some particles will not dissolve, and are left in the drying dish. The toluene is filtered to remove any additional particles, poured back into the separation funnel and shaken with an equal amount of distilled water. This removes any small amount of water solubles. The toluene is put into a clean dish and dried once again. The impurities are more soluble in acetone than the ephedrone, so a very small amout of acetone is added, and sloshed around. Pour this off into the waste (original green mix). What's left is a little over 1 gram (about 60% yield) of relatively pure, slightly off-white methcathinone.
Better chemists can expect a much higher yield. This is a general procedure. The example given - Pseudoephedrine or Ephedrine to Methcatinone - is for illustrative purposes only. Oxidizing cold pills is illegal, and makes a lousy drug anyway.
After the oxidation/stirring-time has expired and the methcathinone is in solution ready to be extracted, before adding 25% NaOH, add about five milliliters of isopropylalcohol (store bought of any concentration is fine, exact measurements not really needed [ballpark figure is fine]) to the mix. Stir for about ten minutes more (mixture may or may not get warm) and then cool the solution which hasn't changed much in appearance, add a volume of toluene equivalent to the solution, start stirring mixture while in an ice-bath, and add the appropriate amount of base. Stirring should be done for about two minutes only. Allow the layers to separate (the top toluene layer should be cloudy and the bottom chromium solution should be totally green) and do final work-up as usual. Yes, you bet your ass that there is NO SLUDGE! What happens is this: The IPA neutralizes the remaining chromic acid in solution that normally, if based, would form the sludge. But since there is no remaining chromic acid, the only thing that forms is the water soluble basic chromium hydroxide. Two SMOOTH layers will form. All you have to do is separate the bottom one, and you're good to go. Trust me on this one. It took forever to figure out, but it does work. There are a few problems that can arise but only if your starting ephedrine isn't pure. Aside from that, you should have no trouble. Really.
A solution composed of 0.99g of sodium dichromate and 1.33g of concentrated sulfuric acid dissolved in 4.46mL of water is added slowly with stirring to 1.65 g of l-ephedrine dissolved in 4.7mL of water and 0.52mL of concentrated sulfuric acid at room temperature. The mixture is stirred at room temperature for an additional 4-6 hours and then made alkaline with sodium hydroxide solution. The aqueous mixture is extracted with two volumes of chloroform and then with two volumes of ether. The organic extracts containing the free base of l-methcathinone are combined, treated with an excess of dry hydrogen chloride gas and the solvents evaporated. The residual l-methcathinone hydrochloride is stirred with petroleum ether, collected and purified by dissolving in ethanol and reprecipitating with ether; mp 182-184°C.


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Minnesota Department of Transportation EnvironMentor Systems
This project developed a comprehensive, multimedia "expert system" on CD-ROM that enables novices and professionals to become knowledgeable and successful in selecting appropriate plants for challenging roadside sites and landscapes in Minnesota. This interactive system helps educate users to avoid common, costly, and hazardous mistakes in landscaping. It saves time, money, and resources in making informed decisions that contribute to improved success and more sustainable landscape systems. The database correlates 650 woody and herbaceous plants with up to 49 distinct fields of query information, multiple color photos of each plant's distinguishing characteristics, and Minnesota range maps for native woody plants. The project team formed numerous collaborations and partnerships to develop this product while ensuring cost-effectiveness and the opportunity to make future project development self-sustaining. The efforts of this group and the use of this "expert system" have influenced improved transportation and the general landscaping plant selection, restoration, and management in Minnesota.
Minnesota Department of Transportation
EnvironMentor Systems Michael Max