text:
This article of Mens Wooden Wedding Ring was uploaded on August 4, 2017 at 11:02 am. This blog post is posted on the Wedding Ring category. Mens Wooden Wedding Ring is tagged with Mens Wooden Wedding Ring, Mens, Wooden, Wedding, Ring..
Mensmen's (menz),USA pronunciation n., pl. men's.
- a range of sizes in even and odd numbers for garments made for men.
- a garment in this size range.
- the department or section of a store where these garments are sold.
Woodenwood•en (wŏŏd′n),USA pronunciation adj.
- consisting or made of wood;
wood: a wooden ship.
- stiff, ungainly, or awkward: a wooden gait.
- without spirit, animation, or awareness.
- dull or stupid.
- indicating the fifth event of a series, as a wedding anniversary.
Weddingwed•ding (wed′ing),USA pronunciation n.
- the act or ceremony of marrying;
- the anniversary of a marriage, or its celebration: They invited guests to their silver wedding.
- the act or an instance of blending or joining, esp. opposite or contrasting elements: a perfect wedding of conservatism and liberalism.
- a merger.
- of or pertaining to a wedding: the wedding ceremony; a wedding dress.
Ringring1 (ring),USA pronunciation n., v., ringed, ring•ing.
- a typically circular band of metal or other durable material, esp. one of gold or other precious metal, often set with gems, for wearing on the finger as an ornament, a token of betrothal or marriage, etc.
- anything having the form of such a band: a napkin ring; a smoke ring.
- a circular or surrounding line or mark: dark rings around the eyes.
- a circular course: to dance in a ring.
- a number of persons or things situated in a circle or in an approximately circular arrangement: a ring of stones; a ring of hills.
- the outside edge of a circular body, as a wheel;
- an enclosed area, often circular, as for a sports contest or exhibition: a circus ring.
- a bullring.
- an enclosure in which boxing and wrestling matches take place, usually consisting of a square, canvas-covered platform with surrounding ropes that are supported at each corner by posts.
- the sport of boxing;
prizefighting: the heyday of the ring.
- (formerly in the U.S., now only in Brit.) an area in a racetrack where bookmakers take bets.
- a group of persons cooperating for unethical, illicit, or illegal purposes, as to control stock-market prices, manipulate politicians, or elude the law: a ring of dope smugglers.
- a single turn in a spiral or helix or in a spiral course.
- [Geom.]the area or space between two concentric circles.
- See annual ring.
- a circle of bark cut from around a tree.
- a number of atoms so united that they may be graphically represented in cyclic form. Cf. chain (def. 7).
- rowlock (def. 1).
- a bowlike or circular piece at the top of an anchor, to which the chain or cable is secured. See diag. under anchor.
- Also called spinning ring. (in the ring-spinning frame) a circular track of highly polished steel on which the traveler moves and which imparts twists to the yarn by variations in its vertical movement.
- a unit of measurement of the diameter of cigars, equal to 1/64 of an inch.Also called ring gauge.
- See piston ring.
- a set that is closed under the operations of addition and multiplication and that is an Abelian group with respect to addition and an associative semigroup with respect to multiplication and in which the distributive laws relating the two operations hold.
- run rings around, to be obviously superior to;
outdo: As an artist, she can run rings around her brother.
- throw or toss one's hat in or into the ring. See hat (def. 7).
- to surround with a ring;
- to form into a ring.
- to insert a ring through the nose of (an animal).
- to hem in (animals) by riding or circling about them.
- to girdle (def. 11).
- (in horseshoes, ringtoss, etc.) to encircle (a stake or peg) with a ring, horseshoe, etc.
- to form a ring or rings.
- to move in a ring or a constantly curving course: The road rings around the mountain.
Mens Wooden Wedding Ring have 7 attachments including Handmade Ironwood Wedding Band With Titanium Divider Inlay., Simply Wood Rings, Titanium Wood Wedding Band Applewood Men's Ring By Spexton On Etsy, This Listing Is For The Actual Santos Rosewood And Mother Of Pearl Ring Shown. Size: 9 Width: Thickness: This Ring Will Ship Out Next Business Day., Wooden Stainless Steel Unique Mens Wedding Bands, Wooden Wedding Rings, Titanium Ring, Titanium Wedding Rings, Eco-friendly Rings,, Equinox Nacascolo Wood And Recycled Sterling Ring - Ecofriendly Wedding Band, Wood Wedding Ring,. Below are the photos:
For if everything is organized with Mens Wooden Wedding Ring those of you who wish to get committed, there is nothing inappropriate. One of them can be an invitation card that will be directed. Made request cards could be anticipated to communicate information that was obvious about who to marry, where so when the marriage happened. The next interesting information about the methods for choosing Mens Wooden Wedding Ring including:
Sometimes, the bride and groom wish to present their pre-wedding pictures. No matter if you intend to do this. Additionally, nowadays there are many individuals who acquired a wedding invitation card trend of curious to find out the looks of groom and the bride, not just their brands.
Re-create, in the home the design in accordance with your needs and your spouse. So your email address details are sufficient, tracking request cards' procedure must be done properly prior to the weddingday in-advance. At the very least 8 weeks prior to the wedding day.
Step one that must definitely be obtained groom and by the bride are currently seeking invitation card layout. Find or develop a style as you can. Echoed the invitation cards you'll ever receive if essential. You may even visit the place an excellent and exclusive look, of publishing or invitation card producer and maintain it inside your recollection.


Productivity Pains
Majority of American Office Workers Experience Physical Pain at Work
New research released today by the American Osteopathic Association (AOA) reveals that the majority of Americans who work in an office are experiencing physical pain with some frequency. In fact, the new survey indicates two in three office workers have experienced physical pain in the last six months, and nearly one in four believe it's just a standard part of having an office job. This misperception can lead office workers to ignore or undertreat their pain, creating a debilitating cycle that results in chronic, or reoccurring pain. Chronic pain is a serious public health issue affecting 100 million Americans today - impacting more people than cancer, diabetes and heart disease combined.
To address the issue, the AOA launches a new phase of the "Break Through Your Pain" public education campaign to help office workers be productive and pain-free with the tips, tools and advice they need to prevent and relieve pain.
"Sitting at a desk all day can take a serious toll on your body, and with busy work schedules and full family lives many office workers don't seek help to prevent or treat their pain until it reaches the point where it interferes with their ability to do their job without the added distraction of constant pain," said Rob Danoff, DO, an AOA board-certified family physician with Aria Health System in Philadelphia and co-spokesperson for the "Break Through Your Pain" campaign. "I want to encourage everyone to get up and move! Take the long route to the printer or walk up the stairs instead of using the elevator. Making these small changes now will have a great impact on your overall health."
Workplace Pain Triggers
The office environment offers numerous opportunities to trigger physical pain, including the five-plus hours that 70 percent of office workers spend sitting at their desks each day. Nearly all (94 percent) office workers can name work habits that boost their chances of pain. Topping the list are:
>>Hunching over a desk (61 percent)
>>Sitting in an uncomfortable chair (58 percent)
>>Staring at a computer monitor (46 percent)
>>Using a computer mouse (38 percent)
Technological advances have made us less mobile, as people work more hours than ever before behind desks and on smart phones. Remaining sedentary throughout the day is the most common habit among office workers, with 2 in 5 admitting they wouldn't get up from their desks if they needed to talk to a colleague. Even when they arrive home, staying active isn't a priority. Half of all office workers workout fewer than 30 minutes each day, if at all.
Consider the following tips when sitting at your desk to prevent pain and become more active throughout the workday:
Get Up and Get Moving:
Listen to Mom, Don't Slouch: Sit up straight and don't hunch over your computer to engage your abdominal muscles and reduce strain on your back.
Keep Feet Flat on the Floor: Put both feet flat on the floor and the rest of your body will respond and improve your posture.
Keep Those Eyes Straight Ahead: Place your computer monitor to where the top of the screen is at eye level to reduce strain on your neck muscles.
Avoid The Mouse Trap: As you type and move your mouse, make sure your elbows stay close to your body and your wrists are not bending too far forwards or backwards.
Get Up, Stand Up: Set an alert on your calendar or phone for every 30 minutes to remind yourself to take a stretch break.
Visit a Neighbor: Walk to a colleague's desk to speak with him or her in-person, instead of emailing or calling. For longer conversations, hold a walking meeting.
Take the Road Less Traveled: If possible, don't take the elevator when you arrive at the office, take a few extra minutes to climb the stairs to get your blood flowing.
"Whether pain is caused by habits at work or at home, it can have a significant physical and psychological impact. That's why it's so important to find a physician you feel comfortable speaking with who can effectively treat your pain," said Lisa A. DeStefano, DO, an AOA board-certified family physician in East Lansing, Mich. and co-spokesperson for the "Break Through Your Pain" campaign. "Since every individual is different, a physician can help develop a personalized pain management plan that best fits your life in and outside the office."
To find more information and download online pain management tools from the AOA "Break Through Your Pain" campaign, visit


text:
Learn better with pictures? There's a step by step writeup here.
Cooling your reaction to 0°C, -78°C or -196°C just requires ice, dry ice or liquid nitrogen. But how do you get to a temperature in between?
Mixed Solvent Systems: Freezing Point Depression
Most undergraduate labs use mixtures of ice and salt, which can range from -10 °C to -40 °C, depending on the ratio and type of salt. If you don't have access to dry ice or liquid nitrogen this is probably the simplest option, though the two solids are irritating to mix and the setup can burn through surprisingly large amounts of salt.
You can also use mixtures of ethylene glycol and ethanol, which are useful from -10 °C to -70 °C (depending on the proportion of ethanol). As some of my recent research required odd temperatures, I started playing around with this system. Ultimately I found that methanol/water mixtures are far more convenient and effective.
The effective cooling range of MeOH/H2O mixtures ranges from 0 °C to -128 °C (nadir at 86% methanol). Here are a few measurements I've made:
Each measurement is the warmest constant temperature, not the point of initial crystal formation. Solvent mixtures don't actually freeze, but instead form a slurry that on cooling slowly decreases in temperature. This is because as water crystallizes out the proportion of methanol increases, leading to a new freezing point.
In my hands freezing ~10% of a 70:30 H2O:MeOH mixture wasn't enough to shift the temperature of the bath more than a degree or so, but baths with higher methanol content were far less robust. At 50% methanol I found a ~5 °C wide plateau 7 °C below initial ice formation, which meant that the amount of dry ice had to be carefully controlled.
One caveat: These baths are best when brought to the desired temperature and monitored every 15 minutes or so. Adding a large excess of dry ice, as you would with an acetone/dry ice bath, will lead to a thick syrup that's difficult to mix and far too cold. Ice still floats in the majority of methanol/water mixtures, but cubes will stay at the bottom of the Dewar if there is dry ice in their core.
The Other Options
If you need a constant, precise temperature a mixed solvent system just won't work. If a cryocooler is out of your price range, the next best thing is to freeze a pure liquid. Water melts at 0 °C, but there are a lot of other chemicals in the lab, many of which are relatively inexpensive. Freeze one of them with dry ice, make up the volume with fresh solvent, and you have a quick and dirty cooling bath. Condensation will wet the bath, so if you plan on cutting costs make sure you pour the solvent into a new bottle when you're done, not back into the communal stock.
 Over the summer one of our undergraduate students went though ~7 kg of NaCl, just making -20 °C cooling baths.
 The exception is an 88% methanol mixture, which can be frozen solid with liquid nitrogen. Working with an 86% solution I was able to create a thick syrup of consistent temperature by rapidly stirring through freeze/thaw cycles.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
In an attempt to mitigate the environmental impact of 3D printing, several organizations have taken to creating recycled filament, made not only from failed prints but from water bottles and other garbage. Inexpensive filament extruders are also available to allow makers to make their own filament from recyclable materials. Not only does recycled filament help the environment, but it also helps 3D printer users to save money and be more self-sufficient, making the technology more viable in remote communities.
3D printer manufacturer re:3D has been working on making their Gigabot 3D printer capable of printing with recycled materials, for the purpose of helping those in remote communities to become more self-sufficient. In a paper entitled "Fused Particle Fabrication 3-D Printing: Recycled Materials' Optimization and Mechanical Properties," a team of researchers used an open source prototype Gigabot X 3D printer to test and optimize recycled 3D printing materials.


The West Wales Cottage
Pembrokeshire Traditional Cottage
The bulk of West Wales cottages which still survive were built during the 18th and 19th century, in response to the demand for additional housing between the middle of the eighteenth and the middle of the nineteenth century. This put a lot of pressure on the land which was available at the time. Use of the common land by means of the famous tai unnos or "One Night" became widespread.
Thatched Welsh Cottage
The origins of tai unnos were; the dwelling could be built on common land, the builder had to complete the dwelling overnight. Smoke had to rise from the chimney by the morning, the builder then threw an axe from the front door of the cottage, and the distance he could throw the axe determined the boundary of the property. The cottage dweller then had time to build a more permanent dwelling to replace the original turf and thatch dwelling.
Some north Pembrokeshire thatched cottages have survived almost unchanged since the 19th century. It was first built as a "ty unnos" in about 1800 and later rebuilt in stone.
The house was built with whatever materials were at hand. Turf was generally used for the walls and the roof would typically have been roughly thatched.
A converted Welsh barn
Once the cottager had staked his claim on the land and felt secure enough, he would have built a more permanent dwelling on the site.
The original cottages would have small windows these are still seen in many locations throughout Wales. Welsh cottages have evolved and developed becoming larger, often two stories.
Whether they originated as tai unnos or not, most of the permanent cottages put up during the great phase of cottage growth would have been homemade, built by the owners with the help of friends and neighbours using materials that were at hand or very close by. You will frequently pass small stone quarries along lanes in Wales, these would have been created when a need for stone was required for house building.
Modernised Welsh Cottage
Age-old skills such as clay or cob walling and thatching were also used, but subtle changes were slowly taking place as a result of external influences.
Smallholdings were being swallowed up into large estates and pattern-book designs filtered down to even the smallest dwellings.
By the second half of the nineteenth century, a superior breed of cottage was appearing, two-storeyed throughout and luxurious compared to its predecessor. These were built, not by the cottagers, but by builders employed by the large estates or tenant farmers.
Two storey Welsh cottage
Better communications via the railways brought sawn timber, cement and good quality slates. Even small quantities of brick, mainly for chimneys, reached the less remote areas.
Pretty cottage gardens which now enhance the properties were originally cultivated for vegetables to sustain the family throughout the winter months.
If you fancy a stay in a Welsh cottage, why not try this Holiday Cottage Wales agency.
Links to Coast and Country Holiday's website


text:
Mineral composition of high blueberry leaves and fruits depending on substrate type used for cultivation
Wydanie: 3 / 2009
Otrzymano: Brak danych
Zaakceptowano: Brak danych
Opublikowano online: 2012-08-10
Kategorie: Horticulture and forestry
In 2004-2006, an experiment was established at the Experimental Station Rajkowo belonging to the Agricultural University (West Pomeranian University of Technology) in Szczecin. High blueberry bushes were planted in an alkaline reaction (pH 7.1) heavy soil using three different substrates. The bushes were planted in trenches filled with peat, cocoa husk and sawdust. The fertilization of the plants was limited to a sole nitrogen supply (30 kg N ha-1), because chemical analyses of both the soil and the substrates showed high and/or moderate content of other nutrients. In order to decrease cocoa husk reaction and to maintain the reaction of peat and sawdust, the bushes were irrigated with H2SO4 acidified water up to pH 2.5-3.5. The bed prepared of cocoa husk was characterized by the highest N (23.8 mg 100 g-1), Zn content (51.6 mg kg-1), and pH (5.0). On the other hand, sawdust substrate had the lowest salinity (0.35 g NaCl kg-1). Sawdust substrate showed the highest level of Mn (56.5 mg kg-1) and Cu (7.4 mg kg-1) and the lowest of Ca (83 mg 100 g-1), whereas, peat substrate showed the highest salinity (0.87 g NaCl kg-1) and the lowest pH (3.8). The usage of cocoa husk substrate resulted in the highest content of N (23.6), K (6.9 g kg-1) and Mn (104.5 mg kg-1) in cv. Sierra blueberry leaves as well as N (16.0) and K (6.5 g kg-1) in berries. The plants grown in sawdust substrate showed the highest level of Ca (1.75 g kg-1), Cu (3.2) and Zn (12.4 mg kg-1), in the leaves as well as S (1.7) and Cu (3.5 mg kg-1) in berries.
Ochmian I., Grajkowski J., Mikiciuk G., Ostrowska K., Chełpiński P. 2009. Mineral composition of high blueberry leaves and fruits depending on substrate type used for cultivation. J. Elem. 14(3): 509-516.
highbush blueberry, macro-, microelements, substrates, leaves, fruit


Delivering Patients to the Care They Need
Millions of Americans with complex chronic healthcare conditions lack access to transportation to and from their medical appointments. This population includes a sizeable number of Medicaid beneficiaries in need of dialysis, mental and behavioral healthcare, substance abuse and addiction counseling, chemotherapy infusions and primary care visits. If people cannot travel to their healthcare appointments, they will become sicker and ultimately cost the healthcare system and taxpayers more money.
Many of these people today have access to medical transportation services that enable them to travel safely to and from their health care appointments. This vital service helps keep beneficiaries healthier and controls healthcare spending.
The Medical Transportation Access Coalition (MTAC) was formed to educate federal and state policymakers and other stakeholders about the benefits of medical transportation and the need for policies that support continued access to these services. We invite you to learn more about the impact of medical transportation and how you can help preserve access to this service.
Medical Transportation 101
Learn more about what medical transportation is, how it helps keep patients healthier and how it helps manage and limit healthcare spending.
About MTAC
The Medical Transportation Access Coalition was founded to educate stakeholders about the value and impact of non-emergency medical transportation services. We look forward to working with multiple parties – including providers, beneficiaries and others – to protect access to transportation services.
Policy & Advocacy
The Medical Transportation Access Coalition supports federal and state policies to ensure people without access to reliable transportation can make their medical appointments. Access to medical transportation helps keep people healthier while controlling healthcare costs.
Contact Us


text:
22 September 2021
Young children's diets show no improvement in last decade, 'could get much worse' under COVID-19 - UNICEF
NEW YORK, 22 September 2021 – Children under the age of 2 are not getting the food or nutrients they need to thrive and grow well, leading to irreversible developmental harm, according to a new report released by UNICEF today. Fed to Fail? The crisis of children's diets in early life – released ahead of the UN Food Systems Summit this week – warns that rising poverty, inequality, conflict, climate-related disasters, and health emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic, are contributing to an ongoing nutrition crisis among the world's youngest that has shown little sign of improvement in the last ten years. "The report's findings are clear: When the stakes are highest, millions of young children are being fed to fail," said UNICEF Executive Director Henrietta Fore. "Poor nutritional intake in the first two years of life can irreversibly harm children's rapidly growing bodies and brains, impacting their schooling, job prospects, and futures. While we have known this for years, there has been little progress on providing the right kind of nutritious and safe foods for the young. In fact, the ongoing COVID-19 disruptions could make the situation much worse." In an analysis of 91 countries, the report finds that only half of children aged 6-23 months are being fed the minimum recommended number of meals a day, while just a third consume the minimum number of food groups they need to thrive. Further analysis of 50 countries with available trend data reveals these poor feeding patterns have persisted throughout the last decade. As COVID-19 continues to disrupt essential services and drives more families into poverty, the report finds that the pandemic is affecting how families feed their children. For example, a survey conducted among urban households in Jakarta found that half of the families have been forced to reduce nutritious food purchases. As a result, the percentage of children consuming the minimum recommended a number of food groups fell by a third in 2020, compared to 2018. Children carry the scars of poor diets and feeding practices for life. An insufficient intake of nutrients found in vegetables, fruits, eggs, fish, and meat needed to support growth at an early age puts children at risk of poor brain development, weak learning, low immunity, increased infections, and, potentially, death. Children under the age of two are most vulnerable to all forms of malnutrition – stunting, wasting, micronutrient deficiencies, and overweight and obesity – as a result of poor diets, due to their greater need for essential nutrients per kilogram of body weight than at any other time in life. Globally, UNICEF estimates that more than half of children under the age of 5 with wasting – around 23 million children – are younger than 2 years of age, while the prevalence of stunting increases rapidly between 6 months and two years, as children's diets fail to keep pace with their growing nutritional needs. According to the report, children aged 6-23 months living in rural areas or from poorer households are significantly more likely to be fed poor diets compared to their urban or wealthier peers. In 2020, for example, the proportion of children fed the minimum number of recommended food groups was twice as high in urban areas (39 percent) than in rural areas (23 percent). To deliver nutritious, safe, and affordable diets to every child, the report calls for governments, donors, civil society organizations, and development actors to work hand-in-hand to transform food, health, and social protection systems by leading key actions, including: Increasing the availability and affordability of nutritious foods – including fruits, vegetables, eggs, fish meat, and fortified foods – by incentivizing their production, distribution, and retailing. Implementing national standards and legislation to protect young children from unhealthy processed and ultra-processed foods and beverages, and to end harmful marketing practices targeting children and families. Increasing the desirability of nutritious and safe foods through multiple communication channels including digital media to reach parents and children with easy-to-understand, coherent information. The report notes that progress is possible with investment. In Latin America and the Caribbean, for example, almost two thirds (62 percent) of children aged 6–23 months are fed a minimally diverse diet, while in Eastern and Southern Africa (24 percent), West and Central Africa (21 percent) and South Asia (19 percent), less than one in four young children are being fed a minimally diverse diet. In all regions, investments are needed to ensure that all children benefit from the diverse diets they need to prevent all forms of malnutrition, and grow, develop and learn to their full potential. "Children cannot survive or thrive on calories alone," said Fore. "Only by joining forces with governments, the private sector, civil society, development and humanitarian partners, and families can we transform food systems and unlock nutritious, safe, and affordable diets for every child. The upcoming UN Food Systems Summit is an important opportunity to set the stage for global food systems that meet the needs of all children." ### Notes to Editors Quantitative data on current status, trends, and inequities of young children's diets presented in this report are derived from UNICEF's global databases, which include only data that are internationally comparable and statistically sound. UNICEF global databases comprise data from 607 nationally representative surveys conducted in 135 countries and territories, representing more than 90 percent of all children under the age of 2 globally. nutritious foods for children UNICEF Kyrgyzstan Twin brothers Adil and Alim, 21 months old, eat porridge, one of their favorite foods, at home in Bishkek. From the twins' first foods, the family has tried to stick to giving them more nutritious foods, and fewer foods that are sweet, fatty and fried.


text: Controlling energy costs and managing the environmental impact of power generation are critical issues in every state in the nation. In Texas, there is no doubt that the debate about power supply has been taken to the next level. Thanks to the oil wells in the state, conversations about energy management have taken place early, often, and vigorously in communities around the state.The results of Texas's many conversations about energy are certainly of interest to anyone moving into the area. The environment for energy management is very different here than in other parts of the country, from broad level policy to what happens when you turn on the electricity.Electricity in Texas is a deregulated industry, and so you will find that you have multiple power supply choices when you move to a new town. You also have the opportunity to have your home energy needs met not by traditional power, but by alternative energy.Texas is a national leader in alternative energy plans and usage. Designed to minimize environmental impact and control energy costs, Texas has pursued solar, wind, and biomass energy generation technologies for years. In fact, Texas is home to the world's largest wind farm, the Horse Hollow Wind Energy Center. You will also find that Texas is a leading developer of biomass technologies and has an abundance of solar energy panels installed.Thus, if you are concerns about controlling energy costs and making smart environmental choices when it comes to your power supply, you are going to feel very welcome in Texas. Though the state may not have the same perceived environmental consciousness about energy that California or Washington state muster, there is no denying that millions of Texans are very committed to green energy and low cost power supply solutions.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Sign up ×
I need to show specifically using transfinite induction that given two well-ordered sets $\left(A,<_{1}\right)$ and $\left(B,<_{2}\right)$ there is only one isomorphism between them. To do this I want to show by induction that there is only one way to define the mapping and that is: $$\forall\, x\in A: \varphi\left(x\right)=\min\left(B\backslash\varphi\left(\left\{ a\in A\,:\, a<_{1}x\right\} \right)\right)$$ Showing the base of the induction is no problem and the induction hypothesis would be that $$\forall\, y<_{1}x\,:\,\varphi\left(y\right)=\min\left(B\backslash\varphi\left(\left\{ a\in A\,:\, a<_{1}y\right\} \right)\right)$$ My problem is that I can't seem to manage to use the hypothesis in order to prove the step. I've found a couple of ways to show this definition of the mapping is indeed necessary but none of those used the induction hypothesis. My plan was to mark $$c_{0}=\min\left(B\backslash\varphi\left(\left\{ a\in A\,:\, a<_{1}x\right\} \right)\right)$$ Using the fact $\varphi$ is surjective take $y\in A$ such that $\varphi\left(y\right)=c_{0}$ and show that it can't be that $y<_{1}x$ or $x<_{1}y$ and thus necessarily $y=x$. If someone could give me a way to show either one of these are false using the induction hypothesis it would solve my problem.
Thanks a lot!
share|cite|improve this question
2 Answers 2
up vote 7 down vote accepted
What you want to show is that if $f\colon A\to B$ is an isomorphism of the given well-orders then $f=\varphi$.
Suppose that for $x\in A$ we have that $f\upharpoonright\{a\in A\mid a<_1 x\}=\varphi\upharpoonright\{a\in A\mid a<_1 x\}$. If $f(x)=\varphi(x)$ then we may continue the induction; otherwise $\varphi(x)


Organiser profile image
Tales of a City Tours
Tales of a City Tours is the only tour operator of its kind in the UK – a social enterprise which provides a unique perspective on our awesome city of Leeds, through PayAs- YouFeel cultural walking tours led by refugees.
We aim to promote cross-cultural understanding by creating a space for different cultures to connect and learn from each other, focusing particularly on supporting refugees and improving society's understanding of their experiences.
Our vision is of a multicultural society in which people are tolerant and mutually accepting of one another: 'in diversity, there is beauty and strength'.
Sorry, there are no upcoming events


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Let $G= SL(2, F)$, given a torus $T$, the Weyl group with respect to $T$ is defined to be $W=N(T)/Z(T)$, the quotient of the normalizer $N(T)$ of the torus by the centralizer $Z(T)$ of the torus.
My question might be basic and elementary for some of you, but I would like to be in a complete understanding.
Why Weyl group of $SL(2, F)$ is the group $\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}$?
share|improve this question
It's not made explicit here what field $F$ is given, though the tag p-adic-groups is suggestive. Usually "the" Weyl group is defined for an algebraic group over an arbitrary algebraically closed field, relative to any given maximal torus (all such tori being conjugate). It would help to know what kind of textbook source you are starting with, since the question is certainly "basic and elementary" once the context is clear. But more precision is needed if you start to look at fields of definition which are not algebraically closed. – Jim Humphreys May 6 '12 at 13:53
The field $F$ is non-Arch. local field and the tag for p-adic group because am dealing with $SL(2,F)$. – Dragon May 6 '12 at 15:52
3 Answers 3
up vote 7 down vote accepted
Two people (so far) have tried to provide some sensible information, but I think the question itself is too loosely formulated to have a real answer. What you are looking at is the group of rational points of an algebraic group of rank 1 over a certain type of infinite field, which could be of characteristic 0 or not. This group itself is just an abstract group, which doesn't immediately have a definite "Weyl group" attached. It makes more sense to start with the algebraic group $G=\mathrm{SL}_2$, which is defined and split over any prime field. (The language of group schemes is appropriate here.) Over any field $F$, the group of rational points is just the usual group of $2 \times 2$ matrices of determinant 1 over $F$. It makes no difference for your question what $F$ is.
In $G$ there is a single well-defined (up to isomorphism) Weyl group $N_G(T)/T$ which just has order 2, as described concretely by Mrc Plm in the split case. All maximal tori of $G$ are conjugate as well as self-centralizing, so the choice doesn't matter.
However, if $F$ fails to be algebraically closed, the resulting abstract group $\mathrm{SL}_2(F)$ is more challenging because $G$ typically has more than one class of maximal tori defined over $F$. In your rank 1 case it's not so bad because there are just two possibilities, the "split" and "anisotropic" (or "compact") types of maximal tori. The structure of the normalizer modulo centralizer of each type has to be looked at case-by-case in terms of the "absolute" Weyl group. In higher ranks the situation gets more complicated. Anyway you have to take account of the variation of structure in the points of $G$ over an arbitrary field.
Again I'd emphasize that the basic theory coming from study of algebraic groups doesn't depend on which field of definition $F$ (even finite) you are ultimately interested in, though of course the end results about rational points depend heavily on that field. There are somewhat different expositions of all this in standard textbooks, but the idea is always the same in your limited situation.
share|improve this answer
Let $T$ be a split torus over a field $F$.
The Weyl group is by definition a subgroup of the group of outer morphisms (defined over $F$).
There are only two automorphism (the inverse and the identity) of $T$ (defined over F), so the group of outer automorphism is isomorphic to $\mathbb{Z}/2$.
Both can realized by the conugation via the non-trivial element $\begin{pmatrix} 0 & -1 \newline 1 & 0 \end{pmatrix}$ and by the identity elment respectively.
So the Weyl group has at least two elements, hence exactly two elements.
Similiar you can argue for the maximal split torus in $SL(n)$ or $GL(n)$.
For non-split tori, the question is more difficult to answer. I know only the $GL(n)$-situation. In $GL(2)$, the tori is isomorphic to a multiplicative group of a quadratic field extensions, and the outer automorphisms of the tori are isomorphic to the Galois group. Now these can be realized by conjugation of elements $GL(2)$, but they can not be realized by elements of determinant $1$.
share|improve this answer
For your last sentence, note that $O_2(\mathbb{R})$ does not embed in $SL_2(\mathbb{R})$. – S. Carnahan May 18 '12 at 8:19
Yes. I guess it is clear that every thing should be defined uniquely up to conjugation, and surely the determinant will be preserved, so I win my bet;) – Marc Palm May 18 '12 at 11:20
One can approach this from different point of views:
On a matrix level, the subgroup consisting of the diagonal matrices is an example of a torus $T$. Its centralizer is $T$ itself, and its normalizer $N(T)$ the group of monomial matrices in $G$. One then verifies that $N(T) / Z(T)$ is the cyclic group on two elements.
One can also use the projective line $\mathbb{P}^1(F)$. Then the centralizer is the subgroup fixing the 'apartment', which in this case is a pair of points of the projective line, pointwise. The normalizer is the subgroup of $G$ stabilizing this apartment. The Weyl group (the quotient) is then the group of faithful automorphisms of the apartment. So the Weyl group here consists of the identity and an involution switching the two points of the apartment.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


text:
Analyzing and interpreting data
Slide presentation showing how to scale an axis and make a dot plot.
- 6, 7, 8, 9+
- Life Science
- Growth, Development and Reproduction of Organisms
- Describing variability, graphing data
- Dot plot, Frequency plot
Scale, proportion, and quantity
Recognize a statistical question as one that anticipates variability in the data related to the question and accounts for it in the answers.
Understand that a set of data collected to answer a statistical question has a distribution which can be described by its center, spread, and overall shape.
Display numerical data in plots on a number line, including dot plots, histograms, and box plots.
Using mathematics and computational thinking
Obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information


text:
If you ever need to show the keybinding for a particular command to the users of your package (e.g. you're adding some tips functionality), you should avoid resisting the urge to write something like this:
Why is this a bad idea? Because you might change the keybinding of the
command in question (e.g.
projectile-switch-project, but you might
forget to update messages like this. Is there a better way?
substitute-command-keys to the rescue:
This will produce exactly the same message as before and you're guaranteed the keybinding will always be in sync with the command.
P.S. If you want to check interactively the keybinding of some command use
C-h f (
an example -
C-h f RET projectile-switch-project RET will produce this:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
You can also check which command is bound to some key with


it and got by on that. The only ruby-specific method there is.chop, so if anybody can see anyway to clean up the code then please feel free to tell me!
#!/usr/bin/env ruby
def get_input(msg)
_TAG_ an integer from user input
printf msg
return gets.to_i
def compare(unum, value)
_TAG_ the values passed - returns 1 if equal, otherwise 0
if unum == value
puts "Well done! You guessed correctly!"
return 1
elsif unum > value
printf "Lower; "
return 0
elsif unum < value
printf "Higher; "
return 0
def comp_choose()
_TAG_ when user wants the computer to choose the number to guess
num = 100*rand
num = num.to_i
puts "I have picked a number between 1 and 100."
unum = get_input("Please enter an integer betwen 1 and 100: ")
end until (unum > 0 && unum < 101)
_TAG_ is 1 only when the guessed value and random value are equal
qflag = compare(unum, num)
end until qflag == 1
def player_choose()
_TAG_ when the user wants the computer to guess the number
unum = get_input("Please enter an integer between 1 and 100: ")
end until (unum > 0 && unum < 101)
_TAG_ and upper limits. third value is the calculated value if correct
limits = [1, 100, 0]
limits = find_num(limits)
_TAG_ (lower_limit - upper_limit) == 1 then they are cheating
if (limits[0] - limits[1]).abs == 1
cflag = 1
_TAG_ there is only one integer between the limits, it must be the answer
elsif (limits[0] - limits[1]).abs == 2
limits[2] = limits[0] + 1
end until limits[2]!= 0
if cflag == 1
puts "You were cheating - there are no integers between #{limits[0]} and #{limits[1]}!"
puts "I found your number - #{limits[2]}!"
def find_num(limits)
cnum = rand(limits[1] -1)
end until cnum > limits[0]
puts "I have thought of a number: #{cnum}"
printf "Should I go (h)igher or (l)ower, or am I (c)orrect? "
ans = gets.chop
end until (ans == "h" || ans == "l" || ans == "c")
if ans == "h"
limits[0] = cnum
return limits
elsif ans == "l"
limits[1] = cnum
return limits
limits[2] = cnum
return limits
def main
puts "Who would you like to pick the number"
printf "\t1) The Computer\n\t2) The User\n"
choice = get_input("Please enter 1 or 2: ")
end until (choice == 1 || choice == 2)
if choice == 1
May 20th, 2007, 02:54 AM
Here is a challenge for people trying to learn Ruby:
Challenge 1 (Easy)
Extend this by having the greeting based on the current time.
I opened the QuickRef once or twice, but here it is:
class GrabInfo
def time_stuff
t = Time.now
_USER_ = t.strftime("%I:%M%p on %A %B %d, %Y")
if t.strftime("%p") == "PM"
if t.strftime("%I").to_i <=> 1..5
_USER_ = "Good afternoon"
elsif t.strftime("%I").to_i <=> 6..11
_USER_ = "Good evening"
elsif t.strftime("%I").to_i <=> 12
_USER_ = "Good afternoon"
elsif t.strftime("%p") == "AM"
if t.strftime("%I").to_i <=> 1...4
_USER_ = "You're up late"
_USER_ = "Good morning"
_USER_ = "You're up late"
def name_stuff
puts( "What is your name?" )
_USER_ = gets.strip
def print_it
printed = puts("#{_USER_}, #{_USER_}! It is now #{_USER_}.")
gi = GrabInfo.new
Of course, you can de-Object Orient it, which removes a lot of fluff.
if you want a quick + dirty, so to speak:
name = gets.strip
puts("Hello, #{name}, it is now #{Time.now.strftime("%I:%M%p on %A %B %d, %Y")}.")
But, that's pretty messy.
May 20th, 2007, 11:53 AM
Or even just one line:
puts("Hello, #{gets.strip}, it is now #{Time.now.strftime("%I:%M%p on %A %B %d, %Y")}.")
May 20th, 2007, 03:29 PM
I'd suggest the Programming Ruby (_URL_ book. It's fantastic. Also, Pragmatic Programmer's Rails book is good if you are looking to go onto Rails.
May 26th, 2007, 08:26 PM
I've been dabbling in ruby and rails for the last couple of weeks. Ruby is so simple and so seemingly complex at first - all at the same time..
I've run into a probem with the environment though. I can't get rails to connect to mysql if I use a password. If I remove the password in mysql - rails connects, add a password to the account and to the database.yml file - rails won't connect. For obvious reasons, I want to use a password..
I found some other posters who said that mysql had changed their password mechanism, but that was supposedly in mysql4 and I'm using mysql5 with rails 1.8 (supposedly should use the same mechanism?).
So.. another post said to install mysql through gem - that errored out:
> sudo gem install --include-dependencies mysql
Need to update 9 gems from _URL_
1. mysql 2.7.3 (mswin32)
2. mysql 2.7.1 (mswin32)
3. mysql 2.7 (ruby)
4. mysql 2.6 (ruby)
5. mysql 2.5.1 (ruby)
6. Cancel installation
> 3
Building native extensions. This could take a while...
from extconf.rb:1
ERROR: While executing gem... (RuntimeError)
ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.
The gem_make.out file is empty, the errors above make no sense to me, and I can't turn up anything useful in google...
Anybody else have this problem?
I'm just a newbie to ruby, but IMO there needs to be an easy way to setup the environment if rails is going to seriously compete with other frameworks. I'm not giving up though...
May 26th, 2007, 08:51 PM
Ah.... found the answer. I needed to install a few more mysql drivers..
sudo apt-get install libdbd-mysql-ruby libdbd-mysql-ruby1.8 libdbd-mysql libdbd-mysql
Still not sure why gem won't install mysql, but whatver. Now I can connect to my databse with a password. I'm happy.:D
May 31st, 2007, 04:42 AM
Ah, hello, people. I have noticed more posts here. I'm still reading tutorials.
June 12th, 2007, 11:14 PM
It all looks really good. I have been thinking about trying to learn Ruby, it seems quite "easy", so to speak..


text:
Translation of plea in Spanish:
- 1 (appeal) [formal] despite pleas from local peoplea pesar de las peticiones de los vecinosshe listened to my pleaescuchó mis ruegos or súplicasplea
forsomethingshe made a plea for mercyrogó or suplicó or imploró clemenciathe play is a plea for tolerancela obra es un llamamiento or (in Latin America also) un llamado a la toleranciaExample sentences
- But unlike Moore, he doesn't rely on emotional pleas from hysterical moms and funny songs to lighten the mood.
- Beware of charities long on emotional pleas but short on concrete examples of where the money goes, she advised.
- He also is undecided on his emotions, chopping and changing between angry violent outbursts and whiny emotional pleas.
- 2 (Law)to enter a plea of guilty/not guiltydeclararse culpable/inocenteto cop a plea (American English) [colloquial](declararse culpable para obtener una sentencia más leve)Example sentences
- The defendants put forward a plea of justification, based on the issue of the writ itself.
- It seems that he indicated a plea of guilty even before the charge was amended.
- I have already said that I am not going to make a plea of diminished responsibility on the grounds of incapacity.
- 3 (excuse) [formal] she didn't come on the plea of illnessno vino so pretexto de or pretextando estar enfermaExample sentences
- You must demonstrate that you have made a decision and will no longer accept philandering, excuses, promises or pleas.
- His attorneys moved on Wednesday to obtain a prompt hearing on his plea that he is legally entitled to release.
- He was given six years for forgery despite his plea that he regarded painting banknotes as "a new form of art."
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
Comments that don't adhere to our Community Guidelines may be moderated or removed.


_USER_ {export:151174, abstract = {
The adoption of data parallel primitives to increase multicore utilization presents an opportunity for aggressive compiler optimization. We examine computations over the tree abstract datatype (ADT) in particular. For better utilization than approaches like flattening, we argue that transformations should specialize for common data and computation regularities. For example, we demonstrate a novel pattern that exploits regularity in node labeling as a SIMD parallelism opportunity, which we call SIMTask parallelism. For better applicability, we argue for better linguistic support of irregularity. For example, we show how the future primitive might be used to tolerate occasional data dependencies in an otherwise associative computation. We validate our approach on two tree computations: RepMin, popular in the functional programming community, and intrinsic widths, a stage of webpage layout in a prototype web browser. We show speedups over traditional versions of these computations of 124X and 10X, respectively.
}, author = {Leo A. Meyerovich and Todd Mytkowicz and Wolfram Schulte}, booktitle = {HotPAR}, month = {May}, publisher = {USENIX}, title = {Data Parallel Programming for Irregular Tree Computations}, url = {_URL_ year = {2011}, }


text:
There are as always various questions involved on caching and persistance layers, which are independent of XOTcl:
- do all objects fit into memory (or fit into the memory of every thread)?
- how is the cache coherency problem solved? If the objects do not change, everything is simple. If there are multiple caches (e.g. multiple connection threads, or one level higer: a cluster configuration), how is the invalidation protocol defined, in case of aolsever: how is the notification between threads implemented. the easier approach is to use nsvs (not very fast) or a thread as object pool interfacing the database. if every access to the objects data goes over a single interface, this is doable in various ways, if the object's data is changed via direct database operations, it becomes an issue to inform the affected objects.
The speed of access to the objects in memory depends certainly on your search operations. The access over the object name is very fast, sequential search is certainly slower (but often fast enough). Finally, nothing prohibits the developer to setup and maintain an index via hash a hash table (e.g. associative array or maybe a dict in tcl 8.5).


text:
Recently, learning-based image synthesis has enabled to generate high-resolution images, either applying popular adversarial training or a powerful perceptual loss. However, it remains challenging to successfully leverage synthetic data for improving semantic segmentation with additional synthetic images. Therefore, we suggest to generate intermediate convolutional features and propose the first synthesis approach that is catered to such intermediate convolutional features. This allows us to generate new features from label masks and include them successfully into the training procedure in order to improve the performance of semantic segmentation. Experimental results and analysis on two challenging datasets Cityscapes and ADE20K show that our generated feature improves performance on segmentation tasks.
Workshop on Assistive Computer Vision and Robotics at European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV-Workshop)


text:
UNICOSUNICOS is the standard operating system for VSMP (Cray Vector Symmetric multi-processor) computers and established since 1985. It was derived from the UNIX System V, a far common and well ported operating system programmed in C. The UNICOS system also was affected by the 4th generation of BSD and extended by super computing abilities to provide high performance to support the science and development market. UNICOS is the first 64 bit implementation of UNIX and a UNIX similar file system. UNICOS system offers a stable base from small servers up to gigantic computer plants.
Photos: Cray Inc.
The UNICOS system makes extremely flexible and robust calculating machines with support of the following hard and software characteristics possible:
The UNICOS system is the first high performance UNIX based operating system which supports SMP.
Multi-processor and multi-threading operating system
The UNICOS system is scalable on more than 32 processors. Cray aims at a small CPU percentage for the consumption of system processes, also in the greatest and the most extensive configuration.
High performance I/O bandwidth and capacity.
UNICOS I/O scales with the number of processors in the system. The standard UNIX was modified around a file system for up to 8 tbyte to support large files. The support of several devices in a system, multiple types of fixed disks and memory devices in a file system (for build in memory solutions) and the file storage strategy with the used algorithm were specified. Cache support is availably for physical devices in addition to the file system. Through this a high efficiency is made possible for some devices and file systems. The UNICOS system allows combining of buffered and direct access to I/O devices without integrity loss of the data which are not natural for the devices of other systems. For Cray is performance not acceptable without data integrity
Low waiting times for I/O processes
The I'/O path by the UNICOS system is high optimized. As much as possible user data transmittings are finished directly to reduce the need for temporary buffering and copying actions. The UNICOS system created asynchronous I/O for UNIX systems. Many interfaces are designed for the flexible programming to check I/O processes. The UNICOS system contains an optimized path for asynchronous I/O to avoid extra controls or background processes which reduce the total performance. The UNICOS system facilitates I/O in the direct access for the user in most cases as a standard.
Great product extensions
The Batch support is made possible by the NQE/NQS subsystem which is designed completely as a multi-system for the evaluation and control of the jobs. The interaction of many users jobs and processes of a mixed batch and interactive system is protected by job and processing limitations. These limits are made possible by an easy to use administration menu with the name User Database (UDB). Together with the file system and Quotas it allowas the flexible control over users and user groups.
The fairly configured usage planner ensured the safe allocation of resources for users and processes in the two areas batch and interaction mode is possible. Previous planned dates of the mixed processing, that is Batch and interactive mode, is supported by administrative control possibilities.
Extension for the system availability around the processing (for example, checkpoint and restart) can be executed automatically for the support of batch and interactive process recovery. Redundand devices like mirrored fixed harddisks and alternative ways guarantee the fault-tolerant operation. Online diagnoses and ability allowing the control of development problems as CPU error detection and speed reductions.
Multilevel Security (MLS) features like security logging, ACL control, security level and classifications ensure the privacy without influencing of the performance. Settings for the restriction of operator and administrator privileges are possible. Both is a necessary for MLS security and solves a deficit which was recognized by the community.
User accounts were improved for the UNICOS system to guarantee the correctness. On a UNIX system a user can pay for computing time that he has not consumed and is not usual for him. UNICOS system accounts create very detailed recordings for requirements like cost control for computing time and performance analyses.
UNICOS contains an excellent support for tape drives and everything necessary for large systems with multi-volumes and control abilities which are base requirements in a computing centre. Products like the REELlibrarian (CRL) Band Library Management Package and the Cray Data Migration Facility (DMF) are in addition supported for completely transparently data backup to tapes and for automatic or manual recovery.
UNICOS supports the execution of a program on several processors by multitasking. It is the first that contains several function-related interfaces for multitasking and also supports the standard POSIX to protect previous investments in software applications. The UNICOS system supports also the high speed control of thread changes under an application and planned controls to ensure the defined CPU time and resources by the administrator.
The UNIX-based development environment contains a number of applications like Compiler, Loader, Debugger and performance tools.
|1986 April||Unicos 1.0|
|1986 Dec.||Unicos 2.0|
|1987 Sept.||Unicos 3.0|
|1988 July||Unicos 4.0|
|1989 May||Unicos 5.0|
|1991 Feb.||Unicos 6.0|
|1992 Oct.||Unicos 7.0|
|1994 March||Unicos 8.0|
|1995 Sept.||Unicos 9.0|
|1996 March||Unicos 9.1|
|1997 Jan.||Unicos 9.2|
|1997 Nov.||Unicos 10.0|
|1998 May||Unicos 10.0.0.2|
|1998 Oct.||Unicos 10.0.0.3|
|1999 Feb.||Unicos 10.0.0.4|
|1999 May||Unicos 10.0.0.5|
|1999 June||Unicos 10.0.0.6|
|2000 Jan.||Unicos 10.0.0.7|
|2000 Nov.||Unicos 10.0.0.8|
|2001 June||Unicos 10.0.1.0|
|2002 Aug.||Unicos/mp 1.0, based on the IRIX 6.5 kernel|
|2002 Dec.||Unicos/mp 2.0|
|2003 March||Unicos/mp 2.1|
|2003 July||Unicos/mp 2.2|
|2003 Nov.||Unicos/mp 2.3|
|2004 March||Unicos/mp 2.4|
|2004 Nov.||Unicos/mp 2.5|
|2005 March||Unicos/mp 3.0|


text:
An effort has been made to italicize technical words or phrases and clearly define them in the glossary.
Fertilization, a common practice in agriculture, is also useful for enhancing tree growth. The primary plant nutrients in silvicultural fertilizers are nitrogen and phosphorus. Phosphorus deficient sites are generally the poorly drained clays and sands of the Atlantic Coast flatwoods. These sites often exhibit dramatic responses to the phosphorus fertilizer. To determine the effectiveness of nitrogen fertilizers, factors such as soil moisture, soil depth, stand stocking, and existing nutrient levels must be considered.
Fertilizers can be applied safely with ground and air equipment. Research shows that little or no measurable increase in nitrogen or phosphorus occurs in streams following forest fertilization, provided care is taken not to apply the fertilizer directly on open water. With proper planning and site selection, forest fertilization poses little risk of environmental harm.
- Use fertilizer, in prescribed amounts, only where site char acteristics indicate that tree growth will be improved.
- Protect water bodies with appropriate buffers to ensure fertilizer is not applied to them directly.
- Properly dispose of fertilizer containers.
- Applying fertilizer prescribed for silvicultural purposes to water bodies, such as streams, ditches, or ponds.
Streamside Management Zones / Forest Road Construction / Timber Harvesting / Site Preparation / Reforestation / Prescribed Burning / Pesticides / Stream Crossings / Minor Drainage / Endangered Species Act / Additional Management Options: Wildlife Management / Glossary


text:
Definition of circumcisers
plural of circumciser 1
The word "circumcisers" uses 12 letters: C C C E I I M R R S S U.
No direct anagrams for circumcisers found in this word list.
Words formed by adding one letter before or after circumcisers (in bold), or to ccceiimrrssu in any order:
b - circumscribes
Words within circumcisers
not shown as it has more than seven letters.
List all words starting with circumcisers, words containing circumcisers or words ending with circumcisers
All words formed from circumcisers by changing one letter
Other words with the same letter pairs: ci ir rc cu um mc ci is se er rs
Browse words starting with circumcisers by next letter
Previous word in list: circumciser
Next word in list: circumcises
Some random words: veal


1 say) will apply a horizontal motion to the camera ~ equal to any movement across the vertical plane in the floor. You MAY be able to get superior results either by
 - Making a support system that extends the reach of your tripod out sideways so it makes contact on 3 points on a FAR larger radius than before.
 A variant of this for testing would be to find the largest possible table and support the camera rigidly on that without a tripod so that the table legs are effectively a widespread tripod (or quad-pod). Shims under 3 legs of a 4 leg table to convert quad-pod to tripod may or may not make things better. Obviously a table is not going to work when taking actual photos - but you may learn a lot. Or not.
 - Just the opposite - pulling the tripod legs in so that you have a tall thin arrangement - vertical floor movement will tend towards making vertical camera movement rather than horizontal camera movement. Murphy will want this to fall over.
 A variant would be to have a vertical support rod with an "L" bracket on the bottom say about 300mm square and place something dense and heavy on the plate to maintain the support vertical. The smaller the plate the less you convert floor undulations into camera horizontal movement.
I'm aware that you could happily argue for or against any of these schemes with suggestions about how floors vibrate, arguments about levers etc. Trying it would be easier. In each case the aim is to try to convert or retain any floor motion into/as vertical movement rather than letting it swing the camera sideways.
share|improve this answer
All excellent points. I'm jealous you got to use a 500mm lens to shoot the moon! – huzzah May 16 '12 at 18:27
add comment
One of the Great Truths of photography is that for every camera/lens/tripod combination, there is a range of shutter speeds that you need to avoid. At faster shutter speeds, the exposure is completed before the system's physical resonance has a chance to blur things; at slower shutter speeds the system has damped out before the exposure is complete, and the majority of the exposure occurs when the system is essentially motionless. That is true of any lens/camera/tripod, but the problem is usually difficult to notice except on a very high-resolution system.
It's the speeds in the middle, where the system is in motion for the majority of the exposure, that you need to find and avoid. Mirror lock-up can only help a little, since the action of the shutter can be enough to initiate the resonance. Since you are experiencing this problem on only one or two exposures out of a three-shot sequence, I'd be willing to bet money that the shutter speed is what you're changing between exposures and that the problem is occurring consistently in a range of shutter speeds.
In this situation (with the one-shot 360° lens attachment), the problem is exacerbated by the inherent springiness of the mirror stalk. (There are more stable designs, but then you're generally shooting through a cylinder of polycarbonate that's a real sonofabee to keep meticulously clean and unscratched.) Just find out which shutter speeds are causing the problem, and adjust your exposure settings to avoid them. You may want to find the best (least blurry) speed and sharpest aperture, then base your bracket on a varying ISO instead.
share|improve this answer
I think this is the closest I'm going to get to an answer. I think that one of (the very many) major design flaws in having to use a mirror ball system is that since you are focusing so closely that the tiniest amount of vibration will cause a camera shake in the picture. In this case I think that the shutter itself is causing just enough of a vibration to upset the'stillness' of the image being captured. – huzzah Apr 5 '12 at 20:11
That said, with these systems, when initially setting up your system you are supposed to find the'sweet spot' that lets you get the maximum depth of field in each shot and STICK with it always (in this case it's F20), and use the lowest ISO possible (in this case ISO 100). So unfortunately some shutter speeds that I am having trouble with are unavoidable (the shake seems to be hit/miss as you can see from my example above). I guess I will just have to continue taking multiple exposures of the same shutter speed to cover my butt. Thank you for your insight! – huzzah Apr 5 '12 at 20:15
Also, the ISO must remain steady throughout, and you want to stick with ISO100 as trust me, HDR photos are VERY unforgiving when it comes to noise. – huzzah Apr 5 '12 at 20:22
_USER_ -- with a reasonably modern camera, going to, say, ISO 400 isn't a major loss. If you're doing a three-stop bracket, shooting at ISOs of 100, 200 and 400 ought to do the trick quite nicely without too much extra noise—and a good noise reduction utility like Topaz DeNoise can help a lot. You may find it profitable to use an ND filter in the stack to get you out of the "danger zone"—let's face it, you can't degrade the quality much more with a filter. – Stan Rogers Apr 5 '12 at 20:26
Stan, it's a 13-15 step bracket that can span (depending on how light/dark the room is) the entire range of my camera's shutter speeds (Canon rebel xsi). ISO400 has very noticeable noise on this camera (it wreaks havoc in the shadows of my merged series). If I have 5 exposures that are over 1 second, between 1 and 3 of those exposures will have shake. However, if I take two exposures of each of those stops, one of them will be sharp while the other won't. It's hit and miss, but those exposures are unavoidable. I am also going to play with leaving IS off. – huzzah Apr 5 '12 at 20:39
show 7 more comments
A few thoughts:
 - Turn off Image Stabilization if you're on a tripod. It won't provide benefit and might cause some issues.
 - You might need a more stable tripod/head. Given that you referred to it as a "stupid cheap mirror ball", it sounds like you might already be aware of this...
 - Even with a good tripod, sometimes movement can happen, especially in a windy area. If they tripod has a hook on the center column, you can hang something heavy (like a camera bag) off of it to help provide stability.
share|improve this answer
_USER_, when inside, don't move. Walking around can cause the floor to move just enough to introduce vibrations. – Dan Wolfgang Apr 5 '12 at 14:13
I would definitely agree to turn off the IS when on a tripod. It can cause issues. – Mike Apr 5 '12 at 14:20
Busy road outside? – Dreamager Apr 5 '12 at 15:30
Is the tower tall enough to be swaying in the wind? ;) – Dreamager Apr 5 '12 at 16:06
I'm definitely going to turn off IS. On my regular still HDR pics of the room, I have no shake in these longer exposures, but the focusing on the mirror contraption makes the tiniest vibration gigantically noticeable so I am going to eliminate IS as another possible culprit. Thanks for the tip! – huzzah Apr 6 '12 at 15:33
show 7 more comments
I'd go with a remote shutter release so you don't have to touch the camera at all, and you can be several feet away from the camera so you're even less likely to cause any vibration in the set up.
You should be able to use the delay as well just to be sure.
share|improve this answer
add comment
On some Canon cameras the mirror lockup only works on the first of the three exposures if you are auto-bracketing. Try turning the auto-bracket off and manually using mirror lockup for all three. Yes, not fun at all!
share|improve this answer
I am not using auto-bracket but that is definitely good to know! – huzzah Apr 5 '12 at 20:18
add comment
Ok, I tested with IS off, and, guess what? ALL blur problems and series images being off by 1-5 pixels (causing me to have to align the images in photoshop before merging them beforehand) went away. It was the IS after all, even using a 2 second delay. As a poster noted above, they got significantly better results on a 10 second delay when dealing with a system where visible camera shake could be caused by the most insignificant vibrations. Bottom line for this type of situation: turn off IS, tack on as long of a delay as you can, enable mirror lock-up, and be vewwwy, vewwy quietttt....
Thanks to all who chipped in a LOT of sage advice!
share|improve this answer
This is often good advice: "be vewwwy, vewwy quietttt...." – Pat Farrell May 16 '12 at 22:39
add comment
Just a thought, but are you sure it is camera shake, and not simply a bit out of focus?
It could


text:
Is there a better way of comparing players between historical eras?by Dan Lependorf
March 15, 2012
How do we compare players from different eras of baseball to each other? We can't just compare raw numbers, since baseball today is a wildly different game than baseball was in 1920. Was Barry Bonds' best season stronger than Babe Ruth's best? Who was more dominant in his time?
One of the best tools we have for these types of comparisons is the "plus" stat, like OPS+ or ERA+. But as useful as plus stats are, it seems to me that they're missing a small, but important point: Plus stats don't consider the width of the talent distribution in baseball, which has changed over time.
As a quick refresher, plus stats are calculated very simply—it's just the percentage points above or below the average, with the average set at 100. And while this works quite well, simple percentage points don't give the full picture. An OPS+ of 150 is 50 percent better than the league average, but what does that mean? Is 50 percent historically great? Is it fairly commonplace? We can't tell from the number alone.
When I talk about the width of the talent distribution, I'm talking about the size of the spread of talent in baseball. To use an example, someone who grows to a height twice that of the national average will be studied by doctors for years, but someone who has an annual salary that's twice the average is very easy to find. Both examples are twice their respective averages (the equivalent of 200 in plus stat form), and yet they have completely different meanings. The spread of human height is relatively narrow, whereas the spread of income is far greater. Baseball's talent distribution has had different widths throughout history, so if you're going to adjust a player's statline to reflect the average of his time, why not adjust for the width as well? Adjusting for both brings us closer to the whole point of adjusting in the first place—we're attempting to compare two players based on how dominating they were in their era.
A little math background: standard deviation is a statistical measurement of the width of a sample of data, in terms of "distance" from the average. To use my example from above, the standard deviation of human height is much smaller than the standard deviation of annual salaries. Simply, a larger standard deviation means that data points are more likely to be found further away from the average. A general rule of thumb is that you can expect around two-thirds of a sample to exist somewhere between one standard deviation above and below the average. Two standard deviations above and below encompass 95 percent of the sample, and that percentage sharply rises more and more the further you move from the average. For example, the scores on an IQ test are usually scaled so that the average is 100 and the standard deviation is 15. In other words, two-thirds of people have IQs between 85 and 115, and 95 percent of people fall in the range between 70 and 130. To bring this back to baseball, qualified batters in 2011 had an average wOBA of 0.342, with a standard deviation of 0.037. That means that we can expect two-thirds of qualified batters to have a wOBA between 0.305 and 0.379.
For batters, wOBA gives us a total picture of a player's offensive output, and as you'd expect, the average wOBA for each year has changed fairly dramatically, especially with all of the rule changes in the early portion of baseball history. I plotted the average wOBA along with one standard deviation above and below the average for each year, to give a visual look at how the run environment of baseball has changed over time. Click to enlarge.
As you might expect, the width of talent in baseball has reduced over the years. In the 1870s, one standard deviation comes out to roughly 20 percent of the average wOBA, and it's been a gradual decline to the 9 or 10 percent we see today. This means that regular plus stats undervalue modern players, since being 50 percent better than the average in 2011 means you're ranked quite high. Being 50 percent better than the average in 1885 doesn't put you ahead of as many players. Interestingly, there's a spike in the standard deviation up to 12 percent in the late 1990s and the early 2000s. Barry Bonds is probably singlehandedly responsible for a good chunk of that. More on that in a bit.
Once we have the average and standard deviations for each year, it's easy to see which single seasons were the most dominant of their time in terms of z-score, which is the number of standard deviations above or below the average. Compared to plus stats, this ranking gives a more accurate representation of how dominating a player was, compared to his peers. An plus stat of 150 could be historically excellent or simply merely good, depending on the stat in question and the era. But a z-score is always consistent—a z-score of 3 is always fantastic, no matter the context. Here's the top 10 in baseball history.
Seem a little repetitive? That's right, eight of the best nine offensive seasons in baseball history came from the bats of either Babe Ruth or Barry Bonds. That 2004 season from Bonds is something we won't see again for a long long time, if ever again.
I've put together a full leaderboard of all qualified batters below. For my next article, I'll do the same for pitchers.
References and Resources
Full sortable leaderboard of all qualified seasons from _PHONE_ here. Be warned, it's on the larger side. You should be able to sort it if you go to list view. If someone wants to confirm this in the comments, that'd be great.
- This would technically only apply if baseball talent followed a normal distribution, which it doesn't. But if we restrict the sample only to qualified batters, a normal distribution becomes a decent approximation.
- On the other side of that leaderboard, we've got White Sox shortstop Mike Caruso. With a z-score of a ridiculous -2.9 in 1999, he's the proud owner of the worst qualifying season in baseball history, aside from a handful of guys in the 1800s.
- All data from Fangraphs. Sincerest apologies, Dave Appelman, for asking your servers for every season by every batter in the history of baseball as a CSV file.
Dan can be contacted here (email) or here (twitter). He welcomes all comments, even offers for cheap male enhancement pills and winnings from lotteries he didn't realize he had entered. (He really wishes you wouldn't, though.)
<< Return to Article


Computer modeling helps stadium's solar panels withstand quakes
07/15/2009 | PCWorld
A new 55,000-seat stadium in Taiwan that has the ability to provide its own power and water is reported to be among the greenest buildings in the world. The stadium, sometimes called the "sun-powered stunner," is also designed to withstand severe earthquakes and typhoons. Solar panels on the stadium's roof generate energy for the building, and builders used computer modeling to determine the impact that earthquakes or typhoons would have on the panels.
View Full Article in:
Published in Brief:


Kinetic energy and potential energy concept question
 1. i need a review. why does lifting a book at a constant speed result in a constant KE but changing PE? obviously KE = 1/2 mv^2 but im looking for a conceptual answer. doesnt KE need to equal PE for energy to be conserved?
 im in e&m right now and theres a statement in my book saying that the book situation is analogous to potential within an emf source. so W = 0 (work done on a test charge within an ideal emf source), U is increased, and KE is constant. but in the book analogy doesnt the book have to be moving in the +/- x direction for W = 0?
 so to summarize i have two questions, (1) concerns how energy is conserved with a constant KE but changing U and (2) concerns how W = 0 if there is a changing U
 please answer both questions in terms of the book analogy AND the emf source! thanks in advance :)
 2. jcsd
 3. NascentOxygen
 Staff: Mentor
 Lifting a book is a quite different situation to a falling book. :smile: In lifting it, you are doing work all the while, so you are increasing its potential energy by moving it higher.
 For something falling, its PE is converted into KE. No extra work is being done on the system. One form of energy is being converted into the other. And that KE all gets wasted when the book hits the floor.
 4. that makes sense but how is there zero work being done in an emf source yet there is a changing KE and static PE? :/ its almost like the falling book situation and lifting book situation combined...
 5. strike that, reverse it :) changing PE, static KE
Have something to add?


Chameleon Technologies - scalability
In order to generate the required large quantities of training data, efficient scalability is a must
Chameleon Technologies - Scalability
In order to allow for generating the large quantities of data required, the Chameleon platform incorporates several proprietary technologies.
In creating the virtual world, we use sophisticated methods to populate the scenario in real-time as the simulation takes place. There are also pseudo-random movements of actors and vehicles to ensure that the broadest possible spread of conditions can be recorded.
The scripting engine is designed to allow for multiple passes through the simulator whilst adjusting parameters
The Scenario files themselves are text files that can also be edited to create new scenarios with ease
The underlying software itself has been carefully written to maximize the use of available system resources, so can utilize multiple CPU threads and processors, as well as utilizing any available GPU resource. Further, it is designed to be containerized, using technologies such as Kubernetes and Docker to provide massive parallelization opportunities.
Multi Time of Day
Multi Camera


100mm Dia Driven Cased Piles 50 – 60KN
100mm diameter driven cased piles are the smallest piles that we install. There load capability is 60KN. We use this size of pile for conservatories, garage bases and other lightly loaded structures where access is restricted. The pile casings range from 1.0m to 2.0m sections. This enables the casings to be manually handled through doorways and into even into cellars.
The piles are driven internally with a grundomat (shown below). The grundomat is powered by compressed air. Our compressors can be located outside and air line run inside thus preventing any build up of fumes and minimising distruption.
The following is how each steel cased concrete filled pile is driven:
 1. 100mm nominal diameter "starter" casing is placed at pile the position complete with 500mm concrete / stone bung in toe.
 2. The grundomat 95 piling hammer, air driven is placed inside the starter.
 3. The grundomat and tube is raised into position of the pile and held virtically.
 4. the compressor is started up and the air tap gradually opened allowing hammer action of the grundomat to drive the casing.
 5. Once the casing if firm and aligned, open tap for maximum drive, and drive the starter to approx 300mm from ground level.
 6. The next length of casing "follower" is fillet welded to the starter via a spigot and socket joint.
 7. Driving contiues addeing more "followers" if required until the required resistance is reached.


text:
Neither 'house' nor'shed' nor 'and' refer to any physical things. Your house (that is, the referent of the expression "my house" as uttered by you; if you have a unique house) is a physical thing, which may have a shed in it, which is also a physical thing. But the expression/term 'house' refers to an abstract entity, which we take to be the plurality/class/set of all houses. Similarly for'shed', 'dog', and so on. A particular house, a particular shed, a particular dog, may be referred to by 'house','shed', and 'dog', but only if the context of utterance is such that it unambiguously determines the connection between the general term and the particular individual in the domain of discourse. That much about terms.
§1 And1 : Sentence × Sentence → Sentence
The word 'and' is usually introduced as a sentential connective: a function on the sentences of some underlying language. E.g. "p and q" is taken to be the sentence r which is true just in case p and q are true. This means that 'and' can be taken to be referring, with respect to some language L, to the set consisting of all triples (P, Q, R) s.t. R is true iff P and Q both are. From the category-theoretic point of view this explication of functions is certainly problematic, but that's an issue for another occasion.
The conclusion then is that 'and', like 'house' and'shed', both refer to sets of entities: in the case of 'house' and'shed' we're dealing with a set of physical entities; in the case of 'and' we're dealing with a set of linguistic and thus abstract entities. I.e., those terms are similar in that they both refer to abstract entities, but different in that those abstract entities they refer to contain entities of different kinds.
§2 And2 : Term × Term → Term
It's worth noting that in some logico-mathematical settings 'and' is overloaded: 'and1' is the usual and that connects two sentences, and 'and2' is a function between not sentences but terms. For example, "a and b" is taken to be the plurality that consists of individual a and individual b. That's the logical explication of the grouping idea Mozibur mentioned. To illustrate my earlier point about 'and' referring to an object, let's look at the referent of 'and2'. It's a function from a pair of terms to another term, so set-theoretically, 'and2' refers to the set of triples (a, b, c) s.t. c is the unique term s.t. for all properties φ, we have φ(c) iff φ(a) and φ(b). For example, if a is a red rose and b is a red lobster, then 'a and b' is their 'group term' of which we can truly predicate 'is red'. That's the general, informal, idea of this second, grouping sense of 'and'. If I find any appropriate readings on that I'll append to this post later.


text:
Workshops & Groups
This is a list of community and in-school workshops promoting positive self-change. These educational workshops, presentations, peer
to-peer support groups and local events aim to help children, youth and adults learn and grow.
- How to Eat Fried Worms: a self-esteem building one-day workshop for boys in grades 3-6.
- Girls Get Going!: a self-esteem building one-day workshop for girls in grades 3-4.
- FEAR Factor: a self-esteem building workshop for boys in grades 5-6
- WipeOut: Taking the challenge of teamwork to the extreme with a one-day workshop for boys or girls.
- POWER-Parenting Options with Empathy and Respect: Six positive parenting information sessions for all parents. A variety of topics on creating better parenting strategies and stronger communication skills. Celebrates the experience and wisdom of active parenting.
RAINBOWS: Peer-to-peer supports for coping with grief and loss at all ages. Registration ongoing. Contact _PHONE_ for more information.
For younger child parenting workshops, refer to the Leduc Regional Parent Link and Early Childhood Resource programs.
Kindergarten to Grade 1:
Lets Be Friends: A three-session class that promotes friendship through activities and crafts.
Grades 1 and 2:
Respect Training: A three-session certificate class that promotes tolerance, respect and awareness around feelings and emotions.
Healthy Anger: A three-session class (or combined classes with the Making Healthy Choices workshop) encourages self-awareness, anger management and decision making.
Circle of Respect: A three-session class based on native teachings of respect, community, cooperation and patience through crafts and other acitivies.
When You Meet a Bully: A three-session class demonstrating pro-active skills in identifying, coping with and preventing bullying.
The Power of Conflict: A three-session class that helps students work on active listening and communication skills through activities and group work.
Grades 7,8,9: Making Healthy Choices: Encourages leadership, mentorship, and volunteerism with peers and younger grades.
Grade 7: YHA: Youth Healthy Asset Building: building character, self-awareness, making healthy decisions and becoming more socially aware.
Grade 8: Beyond the Hurt: A Red Cross program facilliated through FCSS promoting bullying prevention and peer to peer team leadership.
Grade 9: Healthy Youth Relationships: A Red Cross program facillitated through FCSS, that encourages self-respect and respect for others in friendship and dating relationships.
ADD-ON Workshop (1 session each): Cyber-safety, Substance Use and Abuse.
- Respect Teams target leadership and peer to peer mentorship recommended in Grade 5 or 6.
- Friendship Group meets short-term, weekly for up to six (6) weeks to target small groups (any age) with exceptional needs specific to dealing with conflict resolution, anger management, positive friendship skill, and slef-esteem.
- Rainbows for grief and loss meets the needs for ages 6- 13 years, Spectrum for 13 - 18 years and Silver Linings for community supports. Friends with Compassion for adults.
The following workshops are available in the FCSS office and can be customized to meet your needs.
When You See Bullying Happen: What a bystander can do (Grades 3-5)
Focus On Bullying: Presentation (Grades 4-6)
Don't Be a Bully (Grades 5-9)
Silent on the Sidelines: Why we ignore bullying (Grades 5-9)
The Power of Conflict Resolution (Grades 5-9)
Resolving Conflicts: Step by step (Grades 7-12)
Let's All Get Along: Conflict resolution (Kindergarten to Grade 2)
Anger Strategies Toolbox (Grade 11 +)
What To Do About Anger (Grades 3-5)
Handling Your Anger (Grades 5-9)
Anger Management Skills (Grades 7-12)
Let's Talk About Respect (Kindergarten to Grade 2)
How Would You Feel: Learning about empathy (Kindergarten to Grade 2)
Healing and Helping Through Loss (Pre-teen to adult)
Free the Horses: A self-esteem adventure (Grades 1-3)
Secrets to Successful Relationships (Grade 11 to adult)
Identifying Depression and Preventing Suicide (Grades 5-9)


text:
FRIDAY, Jan. 21 (HealthDay News) -- Many of the greatest pieces
of music sound highly complex but can be reduced to simple patterns
by the brain, a new study shows.
The brain does this in much the same way that "lossless" music
compression formats reduce audio files to a smaller size -- by
removing redundant data and identifying patterns, explained study
author Nicholas Hudson.
It's believed that the subconscious mind recognizes patterns
within complex data and that our brains are hardwired to find
simple patterns pleasurable, he noted.
In this study, Hudson used lossless music compression programs
to mimic the brain's ability to compress audio information. He
compared the compressibility of random noise to a wide range of
music, including classical, techno, rock and pop.
Hudson found that random noise could only be compressed to 86
percent of its original "file size," compared with about 60 percent
for techno, rock and pop, and 40 percent for Beethoven's 3rd
Symphony, which is considered a highly complex piece of music.
The study appears in the journal
BMC Research Notes.
"Enduring musical masterpieces, despite apparent complexity, possess high compressibility," and it is this compressibility that appeals to listeners, Hudson concluded.
His advice for composers? "If you want immortality, write music
which sounds complex but that, in terms of its data, is reducible
to simple patterns."
The American Music Therapy Association explains how
is used to heal.


text:
In the Star Wars: Where Science Meets Imagination exhibit, Luke Skywalker's Landspeeder is on display for the first time.
Click on image for full size
Courtesy of Landspeeder image © 2006 Lucasfilm Ltd. & TM Photo: Dom Miguel Photography
Star Wars Exhibition Brings Reality to Fantasy
News story originally written on April 16, 2008
A new museum exhibit shows that some of the robots, vehicles and devices from the Star Wars films are close to the types of things scientists have developed to use in space.
The exhibition--at the Science Museum of Minnesota in St. Paul, Minn., from June 13 until August 24--showcases landspeeders, R2D2 and other items from the Star Wars films. Visitors will learn how researchers today are pursuing similar technologies. The exhibit developers were surprised and excited to learn that many of today's scientists were inspired by the fantasy technologies they saw in the Star Wars movies. One of the goals of the exhibit is to be an inspiration for the kids will be the next set of future scientists.
The exhibit contains film clips, props, models and costumes. Visitors are encouraged to participate in hands-on exhibits and activities.
Shop Windows to the Universe Science Store!
Our online store
includes fun classroom activities
for you and your students. Issues of NESTA's quarterly journal, The Earth Scientist
are also full of classroom activities on different topics in Earth and space science!
You might also be interested in:
Scientists have learned that Mount Hood, Oregon's tallest mountain, has erupted in the past due to the mixing of two different types of magma. "The data will help give us a better road map to what a future...more
The Earth's mantle is a rocky, solid shell that is between the Earth's crust and the outer core, and makes up about 84 percent of the Earth's volume. The mantle is made up of many distinct portions or...more
Some geologic faults that appear strong and stable, slip and slide like weak faults, causing earthquakes. Scientists have been looking at one of these faults in a new way to figure out why. In theory,...more
The sun goes through cycles that last approximately 11 years. These solar cycle include phases with more magnetic activity, sunspots, and solar flares. They also include phases with less activity. The...more
Studying tree rings doesn't only tell us the age of that tree. Tree rings also show what climate was like for each year of a tree's life, which means they can tell us about climates of the past and about...more
Earth's first life form may have developed between the layers of a chunk of mica sitting like a multilayered sandwich in primordial waters, according to a new hypothesis. The mica hypothesis, which was...more
Acid rain plays a small role in making the world's oceans more acidic. But new research has found that acid rain has a much bigger impact on the coastal sections of the ocean. Acid rain is caused by pollution...more


text:
I have been enjoying reading all the posts on this Thread....thank you for sharing your work.
I have one question. If as you say: "All the letters of the Hebrew Alphabet are contained in the letter Bet", why is it that the modern form of its shape is different from its ancient form? I would think that the original forms of the Hebrew letters would be where design would be found if it were there. We know that the meanings of the letters did not change, but their shapes did...
Your welcome Rose! For starters let me just say this: There is no linguist in the world that can confidently tell anyone where language or written writing originally came from. They cannot truly tell you that so and so writing came before so and so writing. All they can do is surmise. Now, I will tell you from lengthy study that ALL written writing compiled from every known alphabet (even Chinese) can all be linked to the Hebrew block style of writing that first appeared when Moses came down from Mount Sinai with the 10 commandments. We can see similarity in these letters even to cuneiform which is said to be the oldest.
So what I estimate happened was that Adam and Eve originally spoke this language, and the 7th generation from them which was Enoch (who was recorded in his book as well as the book of Jubilees and additionally the Dead Sea Scrolls) who was the FIRST SCRIBE of written writing which was shown to him by G-dís appointed angel 'Uriel'. Enoch calls these 'ketav einayim' (eye writings).
Now through the centuries these letters became mottled and distorted (but we can still see the similarities). Then the letters were revised again (in their proper forms) when Moses came down from Mount Sinai.
In my book I have a whole chapter called 'language similarities' in which I reveal how all the alphabetical letters that are found in every single alphabet ever found in the world are still nonetheless the same Hebrew letters.
Hebrew was the ORIGINAL PRIMORDIAL LANGUAGE! - always has, and always will be.


2 Skills Preschool Practice Page
preschool visual discrimination printable
preschool visual discrimination printable
1. Concept: "similar" = "the same but different".
Life IS fair, it just is the SAME but Different. Each child is given what is needed by me, by others, but it looks different. That doesn't mean it isn't similar. Because things LOOK different, doesn't mean they aren't the same.
We realize this with mature thinking. It's a great life skill concept to introduce at a young age.
2. Academic: trains the eye to learn differences in alphabet letters.
Minute differences, like d and b, or I and T.


text:
Building a solar car is a very ambitious goal, but one that is achievable through hard work and commitment. One of the
first things to do is to organize a group of people interested in building a car, and planning a specific goal. How much
money will you need to build a solar car? If the least expensive parts are used, the cost of a solar car is about $12,000,
not including trip costs to the competition. You will need a core group of fundraisers who are willing to spend the year
making presentations to businesses and speaking to individuals at their home. You will also need to assess what materials
and tools you need and get several people focused on building the car itself. It may be a difficult road the first year,
but the things you learn along the way will last a lifetime!
Solar cars are powered by the sun's energy. The main component of a solar car is its solar array, which collect the energy from the sun and converts it into usable electrical energy. The solar cells collect a portion of the sun's energy and stores it into the batteries of the solar car. Before that happens, power trackers converts the energy collected from the solar array to the proper system voltage, so that the batteries and the motor can use it. After the energy is stored in the batteries, it is available for use by the motor & motor controller to drive the car. The motor controller adjusts the amount of energy that flows to the motor to correspond to the throttle. The motor uses that energy to drive the wheels.
Please direct comments and questions to:


text:
The paper examines the present condition of humans and some forms of understanding human existence, forms the relationship between person and society, especially its particular historical nature. The paper begins with a picture of conceptions prevailing in the history of philosophy. Further it outlines the contemporary spiritual situation and its origins in humanistic Enlightenment traditions of Western culture. Attention is paid also to the fortunes of humanistic tradition from the Enlightenment to Romanticism and further to the disintegration of the classical humanistic ideal in the 20th century. In conclusion the author considers the possible ways of mutual understanding and harmonization of interpersonal relationships as well as those between person and society.
*Príspevok je chránený zákonom o autorskom práve a právach súvisiacich s autorským právom (autorský zákon).


Galois representations/motives. It has two steps: attaching Galois representations, or even motives, to (certain) automorphic forms, and, conversely, showing that all Galois representations of motives arise in this way. (This converse direction typically incorporates the Fontaine--Mazur conjecture as well, which posits a purely Galois-theoretic criterion for when a Galois representation should arise from a motive.)
If one is given the direction automorphic to Galois, then there are some techniques for deducing the converse direction, namely the Taylor--Wiles method. However this method is not a machine that automatically applies whenever one has the automorphic to Galois direction available; in particular, it doesn't seem to apply in any straightforward way to Galois representations/motives for which some $h^{p,q}$ is greater than 1 (in more Galois-theoretic terms, which have irregular Hodge--Tate weights). Thus in particular, even if one could attach Galois representations to (certain) Maass forms, one would still have the problem of proving that every even 2-dimensional Artin representation of $G_{\mathbb Q}$ arose in this way.
As to constructing Galois representations attached to automorphic forms, here the idea is to use Shimura varieties, and one can hope that, with the fundamental lemma now proved, one will be able to get a pretty comprehensive description of the Galois representations that appear in the cohomology of Shimura varieties. (Here one will also be able to take advantage of recent progress in the understanding of integral models of Shimura varieties, due to people like Harris and Taylor, Mantovan, Shin, Morel, and Kisin, in various different contexts.)
The overarching problem here is that, not only do not all automorphic forms contribute to cohomology (e.g. Maass forms, as discussed in Kevin's answer), but also, not all automorphic forms appear in any Shimura variety context at all. Since Shimura varieties are currently the only game in town for passing from automorphic forms to Galois representations, people are thinking a lot about how to move from any given context to a Shimura variety context, by applying functoriality (e.g. Taylor's construction of Galois reps. attached to certain cuspforms on $GL_2$ of a quadratic imaginary field), or trying to develop new ideas such as $p$-adic functoriality. While there are certainly ideas here, and one can hope for some progress, the questions seem to be hard, and there is no one black box that will solve everything.
In particular, one could imagine having functoriality as a black box, and asking if one can then derive reciprocity. (Think of the way that Langlands--Tunnell played a crucial role in the proof of modularity of elliptic curves.) Langlands has asked this on various occasions. The answer doesn't seem to be any kind of easy yes.
share|improve this answer
I happened to come across this paper yesterday, but haven't been able to read it because of the prohibitive price. You may access this article for 1 day for US$12.00. Ash, Avner; Gross, Robert Generalized non-abelian reciprocity laws: a context for Wiles' proof. Bull. London Math. Soc. 32 (2000), no. 4, 385--397. – Chandan Singh Dalawat Feb 16 '10 at 4:02
if you google for the title, the second link gives you the pdf file. The authors expanded on this in their book "fearless symmetry", btw. – Franz Lemmermeyer Feb 16 '10 at 8:33
For me it was the first search result. Vielen Dank. – Chandan Singh Dalawat Feb 16 '10 at 14:11
I don't know a whole lot about the Langlands program, but if there is one tool that seems to come up a lot in geometric Langlands, it's perverse sheaves. You see a lot of singular algebraic varieties in geometric Langlands, and perverse sheaves are meant as a singular generalization of a vector bundle with a flat connection. Ordinary sheaves are already a singular generalization of vector bundles, but not the relevant one. Perverse sheaves (which are made from sheaves but not sheaves themselves) are a more apropos generalization that incorporates and sort-of just is intersection (co)homology.
I can also say that I wasn't going to learn about perverse sheaves until I had to. However, I have now seen several important papers, in the related categorification program, that read this way: "Perverse sheaves + necessary restrictions = a good solution". So now I might be slowly getting used to them. I can also see that even the formalism perverse sheaves or intersection homology is sort-of inevitable. In some of the simpler constructions, the varieties (over $\mathbb{C}$, say) are non-singular and certain answers arise as ordinary cohomology products or intersection products. For instance, the Schubert calculus in a Grassmannian manifold. What choice do you have if the Grassmannian is replaced by a singular variety $X$? For some of these categorification/Langlands questions, you can either propose wrong answers, or ad hoc answers, or you can automatically get the right answer by using intersection homology on $X$. (With middle perversity, as they say.)
share|improve this answer
Intersection cohomology (either l-adic or Betti or Hodge) also plays a central role in the cohomological study of non-compact Shimura variety and the application of trace formula methods, see e.g Zucker's conjecture or Sophie Morel's PhD thesis. But I don't really see why this is a feature of the Langlands program, rather than a by-product of the fact that many interestingly singular varieties pop up in compactifications of moduli problems. – Simon Pepin Lehalleur Aug 8 '10 at 19:49
Your Answer