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Tennessee Tech Professor's New Book Provides Guide for Elementary TeachersA Tennessee Technological University professor's new book provides elementary school teachers a comprehensive guide for teaching reading and writing through a student-centered workshop format.
Elinor Parry Ross, professor of Curriculum and Instruction at Tennessee Tech, explains this rapidly spreading teaching method in her new book, "The Workshop Approach: A Framework for Literacy."
The book, published in November by Christopher-Gordon Publishers of Massachusetts, serves as an aid to K-8 teachers. The method, first described in 1987, encourages students to read published literature and to take a process-oriented approach to writing. Ross says the method differs from other techniques because it gives students more choice and control over what they do in class.
In the workshop approach, students choose their own reading, discuss their choices with their peers and teachers, keep a log of their thoughts on the books they've read and choose writing projects based on those ideas. The writing process includes conferences with peers and teachers as well as revising and editing stages.
"In many classrooms in the past," says Ross, "children hardly wrote at all. They used basal textbooks for their reading and answered questions or filled in blanks. There was little opportunity for creative writing.
"With the workshop approach, children spend more time reading real literature and interpreting it. They also spend more time writing. Because it gives students more control, they're more motivated and more interested in reading and writing."
Ross has been teaching reading for elementary education and library science courses at Tennessee Tech since 1971. "The Workshop Approach" is the first book she's written without a co-author. The project originated with an encounter at a professional conference. Hiram Howard, the president of Christopher-Gordon, saw Ross' presentation of the topic and asked her to consider writing a book on the subject.
One second-grade teacher who read "The Workshop Approach" called it "a terrific resource for those applying the workshop approach theory for the first time or for those attempting to refine a program already in progress." The publisher writes, "This innovative resource is ideal for all teachers seeking new and better ways to boost student literacy."
Ross has co-authored numerous educational texts with Betty Roe, also a professor of Curriculum and Instruction at Tennessee Tech. The two recently collaborated on the sixth edition of their widely used book, "Teaching Reading in Today's Elementary Schools."
The publisher of "Teaching Reading," Houghton Mifflin, describes it as a "market leader." The text, rich in classroom activities and practical suggestions, examines whole language, emergent literacy, learning comprehension and a host of other reading concepts.Ross and Roe are the authors of "An Introduction to Teaching the Language Arts," published by Holt, Rinehart and Winston; "Developing Power in Reading;" published by Kendall/Hunt; and "Student Teaching and Field Experiences Handbook," published by Charles E. Merrill.


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Author(s): Powers, Shawn; Murphy, Leah; Banerjee, Abhijit; Pritchett, Land; Zeitlyn, Benjamin; Rose, Pauline; Hunt, Fran; Banerji, Rukmini; Crouch, Luis; Glewwe, Paul
Organisation(s): Health and Education Advice and Resource Team
Pages: 29 p.
Despite increasing numbers of children being enrolled in school, their learning outcomes are often of poor quality. This report looks at the issues and research on poor quality student learning outcomes and what inputs can create the enabling learning environment needed to address this. The report begins with a brief section on the context of the education system in Bangladesh. A key global evidence paper is then presented which provides an overview of many of the issues related to poor learning outcomes in developing countries.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Dispelling Myths About Hunting
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If you don't hunt, you might wonder what's so appealing about this activity. Why, for example, would anyone sit for hours in a chilly duck blind? Or trudge mile after mile through soggy cattail sloughs? And what's the thrill in trying to kill an animal, anyway? If hunters want to be outdoors and see animals, can't they just watch wildlife without shooting them?
Hunting, with a half-million Minnesota participants, must certainly stir the curiosity of those who don't take part.
Why someone hunts is a personal matter. Many do it to spend time outdoors with friends or family. Others hunt to continue a tradition passed down from their parents and grandparents. Some go for the satisfaction of providing their own meat or the challenge of outwitting a wild animal. Many hunt simply because they feel an urge to do so. As environmentalist and hunter Aldo Leopold put it, "The instinct that finds delight in the sight and pursuit of game is bred into the very fiber of the race."
It's hard to generalize what hunters are doing when they go afield each fall. But it is possible to explain what hunters are not doing, and to shed light on some aspects of hunting that might puzzle those who don't participate. Hunters aren't killing animals needlessly.
People who say there's no need to kill animals for meat when it can be bought in a grocery store don't understand how food happens: Whether someone eats venison or beef, a big brown-eyed mammal has to die first. The animal doesn't care whether you pay someone else to kill it or you do it yourself.
Of course, vegetarians don't kill animals. Or do they? Most vegetable production is done at the expense of wild creatures, either by converting wildlife habitat to cropland or requiring the application of chemical pesticides and fertilizers. Soybeans and corn, for example, are often grown on wetlands that have been drained and plowed. Without a place to nest, a hen mallard doesn't die, but she doesn't raise any young, either.
1. Hunters aren't being cruel to wild animals.
Most wild animals don't pass away in comfort, sedated by veterinary medication. They usually die a violent, agonizing death. Though a hunter's bullet or arrow can cause a wild animal pain and trauma, such a death is no worse than the other ways wildlife perish. A deer not shot eventually will be killed by a car, predator, exposure, or starvation. An old, weakened pheasant doesn't die in its sleep. It gets caught by a hawk and eaten.
Of course, hunters don't do individual wild animals any favors by killing them, but they also don't do anything unnaturally cruel.
2. Hunters aren't dangerous, inept, or trigger-happy.
Hunting would seem more prone to accidents and fatalities than outdoor activities that don't use firearms. Not so. According to National Safety Council statistics, far more people per 100,000 participants are injured while bicycling or playing baseball than while hunting. And the Council's most recent statistics show that while roughly 100 people die nationwide in hunting accidents each year, more than 1,500 die in swimming-related incidents.
One reason for hunting's safety record: Most states require young hunters to pass a firearms safety course. In Minnesota alone, 4,000 volunteer instructors give firearms safety training to 20,000 young hunters each year.
Just as they handle their gun cautiously, so do most hunters strive to kill game as cleanly as possible. Hunters practice their marksmanship, study wildlife behavior and biology, and take pains to follow a wounded animal to ensure any suffering ends quickly.
As do all activities, hunting has its share of scofflaws. But most hunters obey the law and act ethically. To nab the wrongdoers among them, hunters created Turn In Poachers, a nonprofit organization that offers rewards for information leading to the arrest of fish and game law violators.
3. Hunters aren't harming wildlife populations.
Hunters see to that out of self-interest. That's why they support state and federal conservation agencies limiting seasons to just a few weeks or months a year, limiting the number of animals they kill, and placing restrictions on killing females of some species. These regulations help ensure that wildlife populations stay healthy. They also make the pursuit of game more difficult, requiring hunters to use their wits, patience, and hunting skills.
4. Hunters aren't using non-hunters' tax dollars.
Hunters pay their own way, and then some. Minnesota hunters fund almost all Department of Natural Resources habitat acquisition and wildlife research with their license fees and a federal excise tax on hunting equipment. In addition, their financial support pays to improve populations of non-game wildlife. Wetland destruction has wiped out the habitats of many bird species, causing their numbers to decline. Were it not for wetlands bought and improved with state and federal waterfowl stamp revenue and with the contributions of hunting conservation organizations, hunters and others who like to watch wildlife would today see fewer marsh wrens, pied-billed grebes, Forster's terns, and other wetland birds. These are some things that hunters aren't doing.
What I suspect most are doing--if they hunt for the reasons I do--is fulfilling a need to be part of the natural world that observation alone can't satisfy.
hunter25's picture
This is an excellent article
This is an excellent article trying to help people understand why we do what we do but I have tried to explain this to non hunters before and the facts of the matter and relaying a lifetime of experiences to them just don't seem to sink in. A few people get it a little or at least say they have no problem with what we do but to really get the point accross I have had the best results by getting them to go with for a day. Even a fishing trip or maybe a camping trip gives them a better fealing of what the out doors is all about.


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Learn how cannabis can help spark your creativity!
Cannabis has long been used and revered for its many benefits, from its widely acknowledged medical applications to its commonly accepted ability to help people relax. And now, with the list of states and countries legalizing marijuana usage for all purposes growing rapidly, we've finally reached a tipping point where cannabis is achieving a level of mainstream acceptance and usage, especially among artists. Many established and aspiring artists are looking to cannabis use to aid in their creativity—whether that's to expand the imagination, connect disparate ideas, take artistic risks, or myriad other ways to create and generate work.
In Cannabis for Creatives, photographer and cannabis advocate Jordana Wright provides what you need to know to take full advantage of cannabis's potential in your creative work. She begins with the basics—how cannabis grows, how it is ingested, and the nuances of variety—then works through both the history of cannabis usage and all the pertinent details of the plant itself—lineage, strains, appearance, flavor, terpenes, and the types of high you can experience. Jordana also discusses the neuroscience of cannabis use, including how it affects the brain and how science measures creativity.
Then, Jordana reveals her findings after conducting more than 30 interviews with artists, including photographers, writers, sculptors, painters, actors, comedians, and musicians as she investigates how these artists use cannabis in their work—including what strains work best for them—and how it has helped them become more creative, increase their artistic output, and have creative breakthroughs. The book also features a series of creative prompts that you can use as guided creative experiences in your own creative work.
Table of Contents
Introduction: Uncovering the Relationship Between Creativity and Cannabis
Chapter 1: Cannabis Use Through History
Chapter 2: Studying Creativity
Chapter 3: Cannabis and the Brain
Chapter 4: Understanding the Plant
Chapter 5: Cannabis and Creativity: The Interviews
Chapter 6: Exploring Your Own Creativity with Cannabis


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the last two concurrent steps to have a "Finished" status. If the credit is not risk evaluated and its applier's financial history checked, we cannot proceed to the next step.

Next, we put the owner of each step in the descriptor. As we saw in the basic concepts section, the owner is usually the role that interacts in the step. The use of roles is limited to the OSUser framework by default.
You can build the XML by hand or using the OSWorkflow Designer tool. OSWorkflow provides a visual tool for building workflows. You can try it online on the OpenSymphony site.
That's it. After we define the XML with all of the steps, conditions, owners, joins, and splits, it's time to test it.
For testing, you can use the web application that OSWorkflow provides, dropping the bank.xml file into theWEB-INF/classes folder, and then adding a line toworkflows.xml for OSWorkflow to recognize it. See the "Resources" section to download the example descriptor. While testing, you can fine-tune the definition to suit you needs. Changing the status and old status names are the most common changes.
After modeling and testing the workflow, you can try to instantiate the workflow inside of your application with the following code:
Workflow wf = new BasicWorkflow(username); //The user that interacts with the workflow HashMap inputs = new HashMap(); inputs.put("docTitle", request.getParameter("title")); wf.initialize("workflowName", 1, inputs);
The hashmap "inputs" contains the workflow parameters for the initial workflow actions. There are several implementations of the
Workflow interface. The
BasicWorkflowclass does not support transactions. During the workflow execution, you can call external functions for the real processing. The definition of workflow functions is done implementing the
FunctionProvider interface. After that, you can put the call in the workflow definition this way:
 java.net.DroolsExecutorFunction BusinessRules.drl ...
You can write the conditions evaluated during the workflow, too, implementing the
Condition interface. The
FunctionProvider and the
Conditioninterfaces allows you to call existing Java code within your workflow. Both interfaces receive the execution inputs and the arguments for the function or condition defined in the XML descriptor.
Implementing a workflow from a business process is no trivial task. You need at least a basic methodology and a good tool. OSWorkflow is a great tool with many constructs for you to reuse. I hope this article helps you to understand its basic concepts. The methodology covered in this article is a very basic one, albeit a very useful one.
For further information you should first check the OSWorkflowsite. A useful addition to your business process toolkit is a rule engine. Drools is the open source rule engine of choice. You can develop a simple function to call the rule engine in the execution of an action.
OSWorkflow has some functions related to task scheduling. This functionality is provided by the Quartz project. Quartz is an open source task scheduler written in Java and is also part of OpenSymphony.


Figure 5.
Prominence of individual action units at the peak of apparent spontaneous pain in each assay (see Figure 4). Bars represent mean ± SEM difference scores (pain - no pain; n = 23 rats). Overall, all action units were equally prominent statistically (a), and this was also true in each assay considered separately (b). **p< 0.01 (Bonferroni-corrected) compared to other assays. K/C = kaolin/carrageenan.
Sotocinal et al. Molecular Pain 2011 7:55 doi:10.1186/_PHONE_-7-55
Download authors' original image


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Links & Resources
NCEES Testing Nomenclature
Structural Engineering (PE Structural) Exam
SE – Abbreviation for a licensed Structural Engineer
Tests the ability to practice structural engineering and is designed for engineers who practice in jurisdictions that may license structural engineers separately from other professional engineers. It is a 16-hour exam that uses a separate vertical and lateral component to test your ability to safely design buildings or bridges, especially in areas of high seismicity and high wind.
Principles and Practice of Engineering (PE) Exam
PE – Abbreviation for a licensed Professional Engineer
Tests the ability to practice in a particular engineering discipline competently. It is designed for engineers who have gained at minimum four years' post-college work experience in their chosen engineering discipline. Each PE exam lasts 8 hours and is split into a morning and an afternoon session.
The NCSEA Structural Licensure Committee works with SEAs to influence the adoption of consistent licensing laws and rules in the interest of public safety, especially relating to licensure of structural engineers. This committee is focused on:
- Recognizing the unique responsibility structural engineers have to protect the safety, health, and welfare of the public over that borne by all disciplines of engineering.
- Promoting structural licensure by educating and supporting SEAs pursuing licensure.
- Ensuring state licensing laws and regulations are divided and labeled by the procedures the state board uses to recognize and license individuals as professional engineers or structural engineers.
- The goal to recognize the additional SE credential based on the NCEES 16 hour structural exam and support transitioning currently practicing structural engineers to a higher standard of practice.
A provision in a jurisdiction's statutes, rules, or licensing board procedures that recognizes every licensee's discipline, usually based on the specific NCEES examination passed by the licensee. Currently, there are 23 states that practice "Roster Designation"; these states publicly recognize engineers by disciplines either through self-declaration or through testing. In general, these states keep a public database of all the licensed engineers and their associated disciplines and do not regulate the practice of engineering, a licensed PE or SE can seal all structures.
Title Restriction, Partial Practice Restriction, Full Practice Restriction
A provision in a jurisdiction's statutes or rules that specifically recognizes structural engineering as a distinct discipline with certain special qualifications beyond, or in place of, those required for professional engineering licensure, typically based on NCEES testing nomenclature.
Title Restriction states: 6 states
Partial Practice Restriction states: 5 states
Full Practice Restriction states: 2 states


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Should I Remove My Pine Trees?
Trees are something we feel a strong connection to. While the deceased flower may go unnoticed, a dying pine tree can make us feel alarmed and sad. They're delightful and soothing. And sometimes you get so used to your trees that they become your family.
So, you might find that removing a tree is a stressful experience to encounter. However, when the situation becomes unsafe to the people or your property, the best you can do is to put your trust in the hands of a certified arborist.
Signs That A Tree Needs Removing
There are situations when trees should be removed. They could be hazardous, dying, or dead. The challenge is to make sure when the tree needs to be removed. In most cases, it is hard to notice telltale signs of a dying or a deceased tree. Hence, diagnosis, in this case, is a two–person task. Since various signs can differ greatly, only your arborist is able to offer a precise diagnosis.
Here are some warning or clear signs that it is time to say goodbye to your pine tree.
There is no need to worry if a branch falls off your pine tree once in a while. However, if this happens continuously, it can lead to major issues. This includes a fungal infection that can quickly take over the tree. In general, there are many diseases that start with the needles. Hence, if you see discoloration prune away the infected branches before it's too late.
Missing Barks, Splits Or Cracks
A healthy pine tree has thick slabs of bark covering the whole exterior. If you see a bark peeling off, your tree is in trouble. The missing, loose, or dented bit is known as canker.
This disease is mainly caused by fungi and bacteria. It is also characterized by excessive and incorrect growth of trunks, branches, roots, resulting in growths and tumors.
Cracks and splits in the trunk are threatening as well. They can lead to the entire tree falling or breaking apart at any time.
Trunk holes can be hazardous, depending on their size and location. Small cavities usually present no problems. However, if your tree has developed many small holes, it could be rotting from the inside.
Large cavities are usually the result of natural physiological stresses that lead to the exposure of the tree core. The causes vary from wind, fire, and heat to insects (e.g., termites), bacteria, and fungi.
If you notice any of these symptoms, it is definitely the time to contact a professional arborist.
Should I hire a professional?
Since this is a skill–demanding job, hiring a professional arborist will guarantee proper care of individual trees. Expert tree service in Northeast Georgia can help protect your investment and property value if needed.
A professionally trained arborist can provide you with expert advice on whether your pine tree needs removing or can be saved. An expert will diagnose your pine tree, evaluate the risks, and consult you on further decisions and steps to be taken.


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Company Technology and Social Media
For companies today, technology presents great opportunities to deliver excellent customer service. However, they must embrace technology in order to enhance how the business functions and consistently provides a quality customer experience. Technology plays a central role in customer service today, and this role is only going to continue to increase. One example is the expanding role of social media as a powerful customer service tool and resource.
Using your selected company write a 2-page paper supported by research that includes the following:
Describe how the company uses technology to meet customer needs.
Review the company's page on a social media site and explain how it is used to provide customer service.
Review the company's web site. Describe how it provides customer service and meets customers' needs. Explain how it provides reasons for customers to use it.
What are the strengths and weaknesses of this site in providing the company's customer service?
Your submitted assignment should be proofread for correct spelling, grammar, and punctuation. Be sure to follow APA formatting, use at least two references, and include both in-text citations and a references page.


text: innate ideas, in philosophy, concepts present in the mind at birth as opposed to concepts arrived at through experience. The theory has been advanced at various times in the history of philosophy to secure a basis for certainty when the validity or adequacy of the observed functioning of the mind was in question. Plato, for example, asserted the inadequacy of knowledge arrived at through sense experience; the world apparent to sense was only a temporal, changing approximation of an eternal, unchanging reality. The next important occurrence of a doctrine of innate ideas, not directly based on Plato, is in the work of René Descartes. Among the ideas Descartes took to be innate were the existence of the self: cogito ergo sum [I think, therefore I am], the existence of God, and some logical propositions like, from nothing comes nothing. John Locke, objecting that the doctrine encouraged dogmatism and laziness in thinking, advanced the classic attack on innate ideas. He argued that if certain ideas were innate they would be universally held and used, which is not the case. In contemporary discussion the question of innate resources of the mind has been the subject of dispute between behavioral psychologist B. F. Skinner and linguistic theorist Noam Chomsky. Chomsky has pointed out that the learning of a language and linguistic performance cannot be adequately explained by the empirical behaviorist model.


Fur Is Not Green
The Fur Trade and the Environment
'The Environmental Impact Of Fur Farming': download the Fur Free Alliance factsheet
The fur industry likes to claim that it a sustainable industry, even environmentally responsible, sometimes, even 'green'. This claim is laughable and does not stand up to scrutiny.
Many fur trade advertisements have had to be withdrawn or amended following complaints to advertising standards authorities in a number of countries. (See case histories at bottom of page)
The trade says it does not use fur from endangered species. Of course it doesn't because that would be illegal. The more important, unsaid, issue is why many of these species are endangered in the first place. Overexploitation by the fur trade has played a big part in many species being pushed to the edge of extinction and why they now need legal protection.
The fur trade is guilty of crimes against nature and the environment. Four areas of its abuse of the planet are outlined here:
Fur factory farm pollution and use of resources
Fur factory farming was introduced in response to the dwindling wildlife populations that resulted from many years of over-trapping. This intensive factory farming of mink and fox – currently more than 50 million each year – is now causing environmental problems of a different kind. These impacts are caused by the use of feed products including fish, cereals and drinking water as well as pollution and disease from waste products such as manure and animal carcasses.
 Mink, fox, and rabbits, raised en mass in fur factory farms, account for more than 85% of the world's trade in fur. The animal wastes contain high concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus. A 2003 Michigan State University study in The Fur Rancher Blue Book of Fur Farming states that "the U.S. mink industry adds almost 1,000 tons of phosphorus to the environment each year." Excess levels of nitrogen and phosphorus are considered the most common form of water pollution in the United States. If not properly handled, the chemicals in the waste collected at these facilities pollute local water systems through runoff and leaching leading to nitrogen eutrophication and fish kills.
Air pollution comes from gases released from the animals' manure and can have an adverse impact on the quality of life of local residents. It can also cause damage to surrounding ecosystems. Ammonia is a major concern, not just from the farm itself, but also from the manure if it is spread on surrounding land.
Fur factory farms also consume vast resources. The use of feed ingredients such as marine mammals, fish and cereals, not only threatens wild populations (directly and indirectly) but is also an unnecessary waste of a resource with the equivalent energy content to the needs of over 9 million humans. In addition, a staggering 2.4 billion litres of water is estimated to be consumed by farmed mink and fox alone, equating to the annual needs of more than 3 million humans.
The transportation of an estimated 4 million tonnes of feed to mink and fox farms each year inevitably produces significant vehicle emissions containing atmospheric pollutants including: nitric oxide (NO), hydrocarbons (HC) and particulate matter in addition to greenhouse gases such as and carbon dioxide (CO2).
An estimated 2.7 million tonnes of faeces and urine are produced annually on mink and fox farms creating pollution problems due to inadequate storage and disposal.
Aquatic ecosystems can be affected in numerous ways by these animal wastes including increased nitrogenous oxygen demand in receiving waters, ammonia toxicity to fish, eutrophication, and health problems in humans and other animals.
Ammonia from fur farms has been shown to cause damage to forests by affecting trees and other vegetation directly as well as indirectly via forest soils.
There are also significant environmental issues raised by the disposal of the 40 million mink and fox carcasses each year, be it by incineration (airborne toxins), burial (toxic breakdown products) or rendering (high energy consumption and effluent production).
Due to the design of fur factory farms, not only do they inflict odour nuisance, fly infestations, and problems with escaped mink on residential neighbours, they also provide a constant threat of transmission of viral and bacterial diseases, fungal infections, and parasites to wildlife and in some cases to humans (zoonosis).
Release of non-native species
Alien species introduction has a profound effect on ecosystems and biodiversity. The threat is produced when a species is introduced whose activities impinge on those that have not evolved to withstand them. Species decline and possible extinction can result from the effects of predation, browsing/grazing and burrowing, hybridisation, reproductive disruption, competition for space or resources and disease transmission.
The IUCN (the International Union for the Conservation of Nature) has recognised that alien species are one of the major threats to native biological diversity. It says "The impacts of alien invasive species are immense, insidious, and usually irreversible. They may be as damaging to native species and ecosystems on a global scale as the loss and degradation of habitats." (IUCN Guidelines For The Prevention Of Biodiversity Loss Caused By Alien Invasive Species, 2000).
It is estimated that the consequences of alien introductions rank second only to habitat loss as the major threat to biodiversity (World Resources Institute 1998). In cases where the cause of a threat of extinction of species is identifiable, introduced species head the list. Globally, almost 20 per cent of vertebrate species thought to be in danger of extinction are threatened in some way by introduced species (McNeely 2000).
Alien species have been introduced unintentionally or accidentally while others have been deliberately released for profit. The fur trade has been involved with both.
The main examples considered here are the North American Mink (Mustela vison), the brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula), the coypu (Myocastor coypus), the muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus), the raccoon (Procyon lotor) and the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) all of which are 'generalists', able to exploit a wide range of resources.
All have been deliberately (or sometimes accidentally) introduced for the benefit of the fur trade and all have had a dramatic and detrimental impact on indigenous wildlife and the wider ecosystem.
The consequences of these species introductions have been dramatic, both economically and ecologically, hav severe impacts on biodiversity. Two of them, the possum and coypu, are listed on the IUCN's '100 of the World's Worst invaders'.
The North American mink has been widely introduced into the wild by the fur trade. The consequences of mink predation have been far-reaching. Water birds are most at risk and declines in bird numbers have been recorded or suspected throughout the mink's introduced range.
In the United Kingdom the water vole (Arvicola terrestris) is thought to have suffered since the mink's introduction. The dissapearance of the water vole has been one of the most rapid and serious of any British wild mammal in the 20th century.
Competition from the North American mink has also played a major role in the catastrophic decline of the European mink (Mustela lutreola) which is now at risk of extinction.
Non-native Brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) were widely and deliberately released into the wild in New Zealand to establish a source of fur for the fur industry. This had led to widespread damage to New Zealand's ecosystem. The possums have thrived and now occupy all available habitat in greater densities than in their native Australia. Possums feed on just a few species and their browsing can lead to total canopy collapse, resulting in local extinctions of some species.
The possums may also compete with native species for space or resources resulting in the decline of species such as the New Zealand kokako (Callaeascinerea wilsoni). Many species such as the kiwi (Aperydiformes spp.) may also have suffered. The possum also predates on native birds, land snails and insects. The current use of poisons and traps to control possum populations kill many native species.
Where South American coypus (Myocastor coypus) have been introduced they have caused significant damage to wetlands through a process known as 'eat out' and burrowing. In coastal Louisiana, USA, coypu activity is currently adversely affecting 100,000 acres of internationally important marsh vegetation. Wetlands are vital as habitat for migratory birds and their loss has serious implications for a disproportionate number of endangered species.
The muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) – a native of North America – has also been extensively introduced by the fur trade. This semi-aquatic species can cause damage to wetlands, like the coypu, by 'eating out' vegetation. When muskrat populations are high this can lead to a dramatic reduction and changes to aquatic plants. Throughout the muskrat's introduced range it has had significant effects on natural vegetation.
The raccoon (Procyon lotor) and raccoon-dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) are two more alien species present in many countries as a direct result of the fur trade. Raccoon-dogs are predators, competing with the red fox and the badger, and pose threats to waterfowl and frog populations. The raccoon preys on native bird species and can transmit rabies.
While the fur trade continues to reap the benefits from introducing these ecologically damaging species


We as a whole know about the term hacking and the detriments looked by anybody when it is being utilized in unlawful ways. Beforehand hacking was limited to PCs or PC arranges just however as the time changed this field has grown up and now cell phones, particularly the mixed media phones are more inclined to hacking. There are different hacks and software effectively present on the web which helps programmers in hacking any interactive media phones. In this post I have sketched out just Bluetooth Hacking Software. These software are extremely productive and can hack any Bluetooth empowered gadget with no earlier information of client. Tech related essay writing services available on EssayShark.
 1. Super Bluetooth Hack 1.08
This software is utilized for controlling and perusing data from remote telephone by means of bluetooth or infra. Telephone rundown and SMS can be put away in HTML arrange. Notwithstanding it, it will show data about battery, organize and sim card.
 1. Blue Scanner
Blue Scanner looks out for Bluetooth-empowered gadgets and attempt to remove however much data as could be expected for each newfound gadget at the end of the day one can utilize this one to keep an eye on other people who are close.
 1. Blue Sniff
BlueSniff is a straightforward utility for finding discoverable and concealed Bluetooth-empowered gadgets. It works on Linux.
 1. BlueBugger
This essentially misuses the BlueBug (name of an arrangement of Bluetooth security openings) weakness of the bluetooth-empowered gadgets. By misusing these vulnerabilities one can get to telephone directory, calls records and other data of that gadget.
 1. BTBrowser
BT Browser is a J2ME application which can peruse and investigate the specialized detail of encompassing bluetooth-empowered gadgets. One can peruse gadget data and every single upheld profile and administrations records of every gadget.
 1. BTCrawler
BT Crawler is a scanner for Windows Mobile Based gadgets. It filters for different gadgets in run and performs benefit question. It actualizes Bluejacking and BlueSnarfing assaults.
 1. BlueSnarfing
Bluesnarfing is a strategy for hacking into Bluetooth-empowered cell phone and with this you can duplicate its whole data like contact book, and so on. With this software you give the entire opportunity to programmer, to send a "defilement code" to you which will totally close down the telephone down and make it unusable for you.
Disclaimer: I have sketched out these software for your data and information reason as it were. It's an exhortation to all the sight and sound telephone clients to keep off your Bluetooth and if any damage will happen then we don't assume any liability.


Artificial Intelligence 2018: Build The Most Powerful AI
Size: 3.16 GB
What you'll learn
 - Build an AI
 - Understand the theory behind augmented random search algorithm
 - Learn how to build most powerful AI algorithm
 - Train and implement ARS algorithm
 - Train AI to solve same challenges as Google Deep Mind
 - Python prior coding or scripting experience is required.
 - High school level math skills will be required.
 - PC (Windows, Mac or Linux), where Anaconda could be installed and run
Two months ago we discovered that a very new kind of AI was invented. The kind of AI which is based on a genius idea and that you can build from scratch and without the need for any framework.
We checked that out, we built it, and… the results are absolutely insane! This game-changing AI called Augmented Random Search, ARS for short.
And in a very simple implementation, it is able to do an exact same thing that Google Deep Mind did in their accomplishment last year – which is to train an AI to walk and run across a field. However, ARS is 100x times faster and 100x times more powerful.
 - Be prepared for the most significant tech challenges of the 21st century
 - No need for sophisticated algorithms and frameworks
 - What Facebook or Google spent on millions or even more – you can literally do at home!
 - You will be able to compete with multi-billion dollars companies
 - Change the world on your own within months or even weeks
 - Build the most powerful AI that anyone has ever built
Who this course is for:
 - Anyone interested in Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning or Deep Learning
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Australians have high expectations of tests in healthcare. But are they higher than warranted? And are they impacting on healthcare expenditure? While many people undoubtedly benefit from early diagnosis through testing, research shows that some tests may lead to unnecessary and costly, if not harmful, treatment. Critically, the role of tests is often not straightforward; while they might lead directly to treatment, they might also prompt a cascade of further—and potentially unwarranted—tests. Notwithstanding these issues, Australia's overall use of diagnostic imaging and tests has increased significantly in recent years, which is contributing to rapidly rising healthcare costs. Despite this growth, we know little about the sociocultural factors that underpin this use. In particular, we have limited understanding of the factors shaping the optimistic expectations for particular tests and for testing in general in healthcare.
Responding to these gaps in knowledge, this project aims to understand the sociocultural processes underpinning optimism for the use of testing technologies in healthcare. The Australian national cancer screening programs and routine clinical practice will be used as case studies to determine the mechanisms by which optimistic expectations of healthcare testing emerge and function among different stakeholder communities. Insights from this study will ultimately help to inform the development of policies and strategies that ensure a cost-effective use of healthcare resources.
In collaboration with


Your Environmental Data On Arduino Iot Cloud
About the project
Group all the information collected by a MKR WiFi 1010 + MKR ENV Shield in a single, web-based dashboard.
Project info
Items used in this project
Hardware components
Arduino Mkr1000 Arduino Mkr1000 x 1
Mkr Env Shield Mkr Env Shield x 1
Software apps and online services
Arduino IoT cloud Arduino IoT cloud
The story
By making this project you will learn how to read the data from the various sensors available on the ENV Shield, and you also learn how to visualize data on the widgets available in the Arduino Cloud.
What you need
The project requires an Arduino MKR WiFi 1010, the MKR ENV Shield, a battery pack (or other mean of powering the boards) and an account on Arduino IoT Cloud:
 - The core of the project is the Arduino MKR WiFi 1010. This board handles computation and communication thanks to its SAMD21 microcontroller and the on-board NINA-W10 module, capable of WiFi and BLE;
 - The battery pack is connected to the MKR WiFi 1010 and is used to power the device when an alternative power supply is not available;
 - The MKR ENV Shield is an Arduino MKR shield which featuring environmental sensors to measure temperature, humidity, pressure, light and UV.
 - Access credentials are needed to connect to the WiFi network.
The hardware configuration is relatively simple: it only requires the MKR WiFi 1010, a MKR ENV Shield and a battery pack.
MKR WiFi 1010 with MKR ENV Shield and a battery
MKR WiFi 1010 with MKR Shield and a battery
Align the MKR WiFi 1010 and ENV shield making sure that the labeled pin connectors are matching
Carefully plug the MKR ENV Shield in the MKR WiFi 1010 connector
The battery pack should be plugged into the designated connector on the MKR WiFi 1010:
Code structure
There's two main parts to the code required by this project: the skeleton template generated by Arduino IoT Cloud APIs to display data received from the MKR WiFi board and the Arduino MKRENV library which allows us to read values measured by all its sensors:
 - Our Arduino IoT Cloud Thing will be configured to hold six properties which will represent all the measurements acquired by the MKR WiFi 1010 and sent over a secure connection.
 - The Arduino sketch is first auto generated by IoT Cloud and handles connection to the Internet as well as data transfer between our Thing and the board, we'll then add the Arduino MKRENV library to manage the ENV Shield sensors.
The first code section is used to include the libraries required by our application. The thingProperties.h includes all the WiFi connection functionalities and cloud connection management; the only information required from the user are the credentials necessary to establish a connection with a WiFi network (SSID and PASSWORD).
Arduino IoT Cloud authenticates the connected device using a key stored inside the board's crypto-chip during the Getting Started process, guaranteeing data transmission over a secure channel.
The Arduino_MKRENV library includes all that is needed to read values measured by each sensor on the MKR ENV shield.
 1. _TAG_ "thingProperties.h"
 2. _TAG_
As usual, the setup section allows us to initialize all the objects used by the sketch, including Arduino IoT Cloud and its properties. ArduinoCloud.begin() makes sure that our board is prepared to connect and exchange data with the Dashboard:
 1. void setup() {
 2. // Initialize Serial and wait for port to open:
 3. Serial.begin(9600);
 4. // This delay gives the chance to wait for a Serial Monitor without blocking if none is found
 5. delay(1500);
 6. // Defined in thingProperties.h
 7. initProperties();
 8. // Connect to Arduino IoT Cloud
 9. ArduinoCloud.begin(ArduinoIoTPreferredConnection);
 10. /*
 11. The following function allows you to obtain more information
 12. related to the state of network and IoT Cloud connection and errors
 13. the higher number the more granular information you'll get.
 14. The default is 0 (only errors).
 15. Maximum is 4
 16. */
 17. setDebugMessageLevel(2);
 18. ArduinoCloud.printDebugInfo();
 19. if (!ENV.begin()) {
 20. Serial.println("Failed to initialize MKR ENV shield!");
 21. while(1);
 22. }
 23. }
The last bit of code is the loop where we query each sensor on the MKR ENV Shield. After each reading the sketch updates the properties variables and thanks to ArduinoCloud.begin() data is synced with the cloud:
 1. void loop() {
 2. ArduinoCloud.update();
 3. // Your code here
 4. humidity = int(ENV.readHumidity());
 5. lux = int(ENV.readIlluminance());
 6. pressure = int(ENV.readPressure());
 7. temperature = int(ENV.readTemperature());
 8. uva = int(ENV.readUVA());
 9. uvb = int(ENV.readUVB());
 10. uvi = int(ENV.readUVIndex());
 11. delay(1000);
 12. }
How to set up and use
Connect all the parts together, then connect your MKR WiFi 1010 to the computer and log onto your Arduino Cloud account.
You need to follow the procedure explained in the Arduino Cloud Getting Started and create the properties as specified in the following table, remembering that each name is case sensitive:
These are the values to use in each widget using the form that pops up every time you add a new widget
Each time you add a new widget you are required to fill a form like the one below.
Follow the table above to fill in all propertiess details
If you filled each property correctly, you should end up with something like this:
This is the list of widgets used by this project
When all the properties are created, click on the button edit code. You will be redirected to the Arduino Create Web Editor where you'll replace the main sketch in the first tab with the following code:
 1. /*
 2. Sketch generated by the Arduino IoT Cloud Thing "env_shield"
 4. Arduino IoT Cloud Properties description
 5. The following variables are automatically generated and updated when changes are made to the Thing properties
 6. int humidity;
 7. int lux;
 8. int pressure;
 9. int temperature;
 10. int uva;
 11. int uvb;
 12. int uvi;
 13. Properties which are marked as READ/WRITE in the Cloud Thing will also have functions
 14. which are called when their values are changed from the Dashboard.
 15. These functions are generated with the Thing and added at the end of this sketch.
 16. */
 17. _TAG_ "thingProperties.h"
 18. _TAG_
 19. void setup() {
 20. // Initialize serial and wait for port to open:
 21. Serial.begin(9600);
 23. delay(1500);
 24. // Defined in thingProperties.h
 25. initProperties();
 26. // Connect to Arduino IoT Cloud
 27. ArduinoCloud.begin(ArduinoIoTPreferredConnection);
 28. /*
 29. The following function allows you to obtain more information
 30. related to the state of network and IoT Cloud connection and errors
 31. the higher number the more granular information you'll get.
 32. The default is 0 (only errors).
 33. Maximum is 4
 34. */
 35. setDebugMessageLevel(4);
 36. ArduinoCloud.printDebugInfo();
 37. if (!ENV.begin()) {
 38. Serial.println("Failed to initialize MKR ENV shield!");
 39. while(1);
 40. }
 41. }
 42. void loop() {
 43. ArduinoCloud.update();
 44. // Your code here
 45. humidity = int(ENV.readHumidity());
 46. lux = int(ENV.readIlluminance());
 47. pressure = int(ENV.readPressure());
 48. temperature = int(ENV.readTemperature());
 49. uva = int(ENV.readUVA());
 50. uvb = int(ENV.readUVB());
 51. uvi = int(ENV.readUVIndex());
 52. delay(1000);
 53. }
 54. void onHumidityChange() {
 55. // Do something
 56. }
 57. void onLuxChange() {
 58. // Do something
 59. }
 60. void onPressureChange() {
 61. // Do something
 62. }
 63. void onTemperatureChange() {
 64. // Do something
 65


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180 Days of Math for First Grade
Grade 1. Practice, Assess, and Diagnose: 180 Days of Math for First Grade. This book provides 1st grade teachers and parents with 180 daily practice activities to build and gauge students' mathematical fluency. Each problem is tied to a specific mathematical concept. Students gain regular practice through these quick, diagnostic-based activities. Data-driven assessment tips are provided, and the Teacher Resource CD includes assessment analysis resources. 208 pages.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Relationships between perceived features and similarity of images: A test of Tversky's Contrast Model
MetadataShow full item record
The rapid growth of the numbers of images and their users as a result of the reduction in cost and increase in efficiency of the creation, storage, manipulation, and transmission of images poses challenges to those who organize and provide access to images. One of these challenges is similarity matching, a key component of current content-based image retrieval systems. Similarity matching often is implemented through similarity measures based on geometric models of similarity whose metric axioms are not satisfied by human similarity judgment data. This study is significant in that it is among the first known to test Tversky's contrast model, which equates the degree of similarity of two stimuli to a linear combination of their common and distinctive features, in the context of image representation and retrieval. Data were collected from 150 participants who performed an image description and a similarity judgment task. Structural equation modeling, correlation, and regression analyses confirmed the relationships between perceived features and similarity of objects hypothesized by Tversky. The results hold implications for future research that will attempt to further test the contrast model and assist designers of image organization and retrieval systems by pointing toward alternative document representations and similarity measures that more closely match human similarity judgments.


Understanding the Predecessor Tab
Predecessors (and their counterparts, successors) are how you as the project manager tell Project what the logical flow of tasks should be throughout your project. This tab of the Task Information dialog allows you to see all the tasks that are predecessors for the task currently being edited in the dialog. This section shows you how to create a new predecessor.
graphics/one_icon.jpg As in all tabs in this dialog, you can edit the task Name and Duration fields.
graphics/two_icon.jpg The grid on this tab lists all the tasks that are predecessors to the task named in the Name field.
graphics/three_icon.jpg The type of link is shown in the Type field. In this case, Define Requirements has a Finish-to-Start link to this task, meaning that the Define Requirements task must finish before the Write Specifications task can start.
graphics/four_icon.jpg The Lag field lets you define a span of days between the predecessor side of the link and the successor side of the link. This means that if you add a one-day lag on the link shown, Write Specifications cannot start until one full day after Define Requirements finishes.
Show Me. Microsoft Office Project 2003
Show Me Microsoft Office Project 2003
ISBN: _PHONE_
EAN: _PHONE_
Year: 2003
Pages: 204
flylib.com © 2008-2017.
If you may any questions please contact us: _EMAIL_


Aligned Input Events
 - Chrome 60 reduces jank by lowering event frequency, thereby improving the consistency of frame timing.
 - The getCoalescedEvents() method, introduced in Chrome 58 provides the same wealth of event information you've had all along.
Providing a smooth user experience is important for the web. The time between receiving an input event and when the visuals actually update is important and generally doing less work is important. Over the past few releases of Chrome, we have driven down input latency across these devices.
In the interest of smoothness and performance, in Chrome 60, we are making a change that causes these events to occur at a lower frequency while increasing the granularity of the information provided. Much like when Jelly Bean was released and brought the Choreographer which aligns input on Android, we are bringing frame aligned input to the web on all platforms.
But sometimes you need more events. So, in Chrome 58, we implemented a method called getCoalescedEvents(), which lets your application retrieve the full path of the pointer even while it's receiving fewer events.
Let's talk about event frequency first.
Lowering event frequency
Let's understand some basics: touch-screens deliver input at 60-120Hz and mice deliver input typically at 100Hz (but can be anywhere up to 2000Hz). Yet the typical refresh rate of a monitor is 60Hz. So what does that actually mean? It means that we receive input at a higher rate than we actually update the display at. So let's look at a performance timeline from devtools for a simple canvas painting app.
In the picture below, with requestAnimationFrame()-aligned input disabled, you can see multiple processing blocks per frame with an inconsistent frame time. The small yellow blocks indicate hit testing for such things as the target of the DOM event, dispatching the event, running javascript, updating the hovered node and possibly re-calculating layout and styles.
A performance timeline showing inconsistent frame timing.
So why are we doing extra work that doesn't cause any visual updates? Ideally, we don't want to do any work that doesn't ultimately benefit the user. Starting in Chrome 60, the input pipeline will delay dispatching continuous events (wheel, mousewheel, touchmove, pointermove, mousemove) and dispatch them right before the requestAnimationFrame() callback occurs. In the picture below (with the feature enabled), you see a more consistent frame time and less time processing events.
We have been running an experiment with this feature enabled on the Canary and Dev channels and have found that we perform 35% less hit tests which allows the main thread to be ready to run more often.
An important note that web developers should be aware of is that any discrete event (such as keydown, keyup, mouseup, mousedown, touchstart, touchend) that occurs will be dispatched right away along with any pending events, preserving the relative ordering. With this feature enabled, a lot of the work is streamlined into the normal event loop flow, providing a consistent input interval. This brings continuous events inline with scroll and resize events which have already been streamlined into the event loop flow in Chrome.
A performance timeline showing relatively consistent frame timing.
We've found that the vast majority of applications consuming such events have no use for the higher frequency. Android has already aligned events for a number of years so nothing there is new, but sites may experience less granular events on desktop platforms. There has always been a problem with janky main threads causing hiccups for input smoothness, meaning that you might see jumps in position whenever the application is doing work, making it impossible to know how the pointer got from one spot to the other.
The getCoalescedEvents() method
As I said, there are rare scenarios where the application would prefer to know the full path of the pointer. So to fix the case where you see large jumps and the reduced frequency of events, in Chrome 58, we launched an extension to pointer events called getCoalescedEvents(). And below is an example of how jank on the main thread is hidden from the application if you use this API.
Comparing standard and coalesced events.
Instead of receiving a single event, you can access the array of historical events that caused the event. Android, iOS, and Windows all have very similar APIs in their native SDKs and we are exposing a similar API to the web.
Typically a drawing app may have drawn a point by looking at the offsets on the event:
window.addEventListener("pointermove", function(event) {
 drawPoint(event.pageX, event.pageY);
This code can easily be changed to use the array of events:
window.addEventListener("pointermove", function(event) {
 var events = 'getCoalescedEvents' in event? event.getCoalescedEvents() : [event];
 for (let e of events) {
 drawPoint(e.pageX, e.pageY);
Note that not every property on the coalesced events is populated. Since the coalesced events are not really dispatched but are just along for the ride, they aren't hit tested. Some fields such as currentTarget, and eventPhase will have their default values. Calling dispatch related methods such as stopPropagation() or preventDefault() will have no effect on the parent event.


text:
- Keywords: data augmentation, generalization, image classification
- Abstract: Data augmentation by mixing samples, such as Mixup, has widely been used typically for classification tasks. However, this strategy is not always effective due to the gap between augmented samples during training and clean samples. This gap may prevent a classifier from learning the optimal decision boundary and increases the generalization error. To overcome this problem, we propose an alternative framework called Data Interpolating Prediction (DIP). Unlike common data augmentations, we encapsulate the sample-mixing process in the hypothesis class of a classifier so that train and test samples are treated equally. We derive the generalization bound and show that DIP reduces the original Rademacher complexity. Also, we empirically demonstrate that DIP can outperform existing Mixup.


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UVa-Wise and Wise County partner to commemorate the 150th anniversary of the Civil War
The University of Virginia's College at Wise and the Wise County Sesquicentennial Committee have partnered to launch a four-year project to remember the impact the Civil War had in the region as the nation commemorates the 150th anniversary of the great conflict.
In recognition of Wise County's unique Civil War experience, the sesquicentennial will focus on "The Civil War in the Mountains." Wise County's location on the Kentucky border resulted in a different set of circumstances for its residents than most of Virginia as battles ranged across the Commonwealth.
The commemoration begins on Feb. 11 at 3 p.m. with a gathering in the Rhododendron room of the C. Bascom Slemp Student Center at UVa-Wise. The program will consist of brief and informative talks by a panel of Civil War scholars. UVa-Wise history professor Brian D. McKnight, Brian Steel Wills, director of the Civil War Center at Kennesaw State University and Andrew Slap, a professor at East Tennessee State University will discuss topics ranging from prewar regional politics through the Reconstruction period that followed the fighting.
The public is invited to participate in the commemoration. For more information, call Brian McKnight at _PHONE_.


What does Harmony Stand for?
Harmony comes from the Latin harmonĭa, which derives from the Greek ἁρμονία , which means agreement, concordance, combination, and the verb ἁρμόζω (harmozo), which means to adjust, connect.
Harmony occurs when there is a balance and a convenient and adequate proportion, concordance and correspondence of some things with others, and where appropriate, pleasing to the senses, for example, to the eye, such as colors. Something in harmony is usually something really beautiful, cheerful, pleasant, relaxing and peaceful, although in music, for example, there is also harmony that produces tension, or is dissonant.
In music, especially in western music, harmony is the art of uniting and combining different sounds, but consistent and pleasing to the ear, which are emitted simultaneously.
It is also called harmony to science, technique and discipline that allows both the formation, succession and modulation of the chords (combination of three or more different notes that sound simultaneously or in an arpeggio), such as the chaining and combination of these forming a musical composition.
The harmony works as accompaniment, frame and base of one or more melodies.
In the literature, harmony is called the pleasant variety of sounds, pauses and measures that results in both verse and prose for the proper combination of syllables, voices and clauses used.
The expression 'have harmony with' or 'live in perfect harmony' can mean having an agreement, a good friendship or relationship, a relationship of peace, good communication and good correspondence or compatibility of opinion and action with someone or with a group.
However, the concept of harmony depends on each culture and each era, that is, what was harmony in the second century, may not be in the twentieth century and what is harmony in China, may not be in Spain.


text:
Houston hosted this year's annual conference of the ACM Special Interest Group on Management of Data (SIGMOD). During the five-day event (June 10-15), several awards were presented to a select group of participants. One of the most coveted of these awards is the Best Demonstration Award, won this year by Professor Anastasia Ailamaki and her student Eleni Tzirita Zacharatou. Both are attached to EPFL's Data-Intensive Applications and Systems Laboratory. Prof. Ailamaki is Lab Director and Ms Zacharatou is pursuing her doctoral program in computer and communication sciences.
The demonstration proposals received by the organizers went through rigorous and highly competitive selection criteria, leaving only one winner at the end of a six-month process: the EPFL duo's presentation on "Interactive Visual Exploration of Spatio-Temporal Urban Data Sets using Urbane." It was selected for showcasing an exciting and novel data management technology, backed by the extraordinary research and development efforts of the presenters.
Elucidating their work in the paper, the researchers highlight the burgeoning number of datasets emerging in urban environments and from sensor applications associated with human interactions. That presents new opportunities for data-driven approaches to understand and improve cities. Visual analytics systems like Urbane help domain experts explore multiple datasets in different spatial and temporal resolutions. The main challenge in using systems like Urbane is to attain interactivity. Conventional approaches are not effective in supporting ad-hoc query constraints or polygons of arbitrary shapes. To tackle this constraint, the researchers propose the Raster Join approach, which converts a spatial aggregation query into a set of drawing operations on a canvas and leverages the rendering pipeline of the graphics hardware (GPU). In the process, Raster Join analyzes queries on the fly at interactive speeds on laptops and desktops. In their prize-winning demonstration, they integrated Raster Join with Urbane to enable interactivity.
The members of SIGMOD include software developers, academic and industrial researchers, practitioners, users, and students. Over the years, the SIGMOD/PODS conference has become one of the most significant and selective events in the domain of data-driven management systems and technologies.


Your Android phone might be broadcasting your Wi-Fi history
Is your phone's Wi-Fi always on? If you're on Android that might be a very bad idea
Your Android phone might be broadcasting your Wi-Fi history
Coming hot on the heels of Heartbleed there's another potential security problem, this time for Android users. The Electronic Frontier Foundation says that your Android phone could be broadcasting your Wi-Fi location history to anyone who knows how to find it.
No you can't see where I Wi-Fi
Your Android phone might be broadcasting your Wi-Fi history
But why does this broadcasting of past networks happen anyway? Well, it's a method phones that aren't connected to Wi-Fi use to try and speed up connections, and it's also a necessity to connect to hidden networks that don't broadcast themselves the way normal Wi-Fi networks do. It's the equivalent of a phone going, "Psst, are you there?" and waiting for a response.
READ MORE: 8 things you need to know about Android L
EFF made this discovery after doing tests that found many Android phones leaked the names of saved networks, up to a limit of 15. Though other platforms may also exhibit this weakness, at the present time EFF says Android is the most susceptible.
[Via 9to5Google]


text:
Computer Lab Activities, Interactive Whiteboard Activities
Where Is Emily? A Clifford Interactive Storybook Activity
Early readers practice beginning consonant sounds while selecting words to complete sentences.
- Grades: PreK–K, 1–2
In the "Where is Emily?" Interactive Storybook (PreK–1), early readers follow the lovable red dog as he searches for Emily. The storybook challenges students to practice beginning consonant sounds, including identifying initial consonants and matching letter sounds to their corresponding letters.
In each page, students choose a word (from three options) to complete a sentence and then listen to the page read aloud with the new sentence. The illustration also changes to reflect the new word and sentence.
Clifford wants to play!
Clifford finds a ____.
Students choose from: toy, top, tire
But where is Emily?
While participating in the "Where Is Emily?" activity, students will:
- Develop phonemic awareness skills
- Read stories containing high-frequency words
- Interact with the computer to create new text
- Understand that changing one word in a sentence can change the meaning of the entire sentence


12 Rates
How to choose the right solvent for cleaning scientific instrumentation
Measuring instruments are typically built to measure a wide range of samples. However, the measuring cell, hoses, and connections must be cleaned after measurement to keep the device in good working condition and make sure the measurement on the next sample delivers correct results.
Choosing the most suitable solvent to clean the measuring cell(s) of a scientific instrument depends on the sample or chemical which needs to be removed from the device. The aim of a cleaning procedure is to leave the measuring device ready to use for the next measurement or experiment.
If the measuring device has a sample changer, the cleaning program can be predefined to automatically use specific solvent combinations and drying times.
Before using a solvent for the cleaning task you need to consider:
 - The type of sample which needs to be removed from the measuring cell
 - Which type of solvent could be used
 - Which order to use the solvents in
Which type of sample needs to be removed from the measuring cell?
Samples have different properties and these properties determine the solubility of the sample in a solvent. The solubility of a substance fundamentally depends on:
 - physical and chemical properties of the solute
 - physical and chemical properties of the solvent
 - temperature
 - pressure
 - pH of the solvent-solute solution[1]
Deciding which solvent is required to rinse out the sample follows the maxim: "Similia similibus solvuntur" (like dissolves like).
Types of solvent for cleaning scientific instrumentation
Solvents are chemicals. They can be used in their pure form or as mixtures consisting of different solvents. A solvent or cleaning agent can also simply be water mixed with some detergent.
Solvents can be classified into several categories according to their chemical structure and physical behavior[2].
To understand their behavior as cleaning agents, it is important to understand that solvents are either polar or non-polar.
What is a polar solvent?
A polar solvent is a solvent with a high polarity. The polarity of a substance affects its solubility. To determine a substance's polarity you can measure the dielectric constant. The higher the dielectric constant, the higher the polarity of the substance. Water is a polar solvent, which is indicated by its high dielectric constant of 88 (at 0 °C)[3]. Polar solvents are most suitable for dissolving polar samples.
Common polar solvents:
What is a non-polar solvent?
Solvents with a dielectric constant of less than 15 are generally considered to be non-polar[4][5]. Non-polar solvents are most suitable for dissolving non-polar samples.
Common non-polar solvents:
What is a solvent mixture?
Solvent mixtures can have several attributes. They can be polar and non-polar as well at the same time. This ambivalence often helps to dissolve tricky samples easily.[6]
A good example is the ternary mixture used for cleaning in-service oils. Dissolving in-service oils is tricky because the sample itself is a combination of soot, oil, and impurities such as water. Therefore, the solvent requires something to dissolve the oil, something to take out the water, and something so clean the soot. Further, the solvent needs a boiling point higher than 100 °C and lower than 200 °C.
 - To clean the soot > diesel
 - To clean the water > toluene (because toluene and water together make a perfect azeotrope)
 - To clean the oil > also toluene
 - To achieve the boiling point > n-butanol.
 - The perfect ratio is: toluene: diesel: n-butanol = 1:1:1
Read more about the application of this ternary mixture.
Using the right solvents in the right order
Often it is necessary to use more than one solvent, e.g. the first solvent dissolves the sample in the measuring cell and allows it to be removed easily. The second solvent rinses the first solvent out of the cell and facilitates quick drying.
Properties of the first solvent
The first solvent should dissolve the samples completely. This means that the solubility of the sample in the first solvent has to be very high. For example, samples that contain mainly alcohol can be dissolved in water or in more alcohol such as ethanol. Samples that contain fats, such as creams, can easily be dissolved in the solvent naphtha or white spirit. The easiest way to identify the type of solvent that is suitable for the sample to be diluted in is to perform a test as follows:
 1. Take a small amount of sample and put it into a glass vial
 2. Pour the solvent onto it
 3. Observe whether the solvent dissolves the sample within an acceptable period of time.
If the sample aggregates in the solvent, then the solvent is unsuitable.
If the sample starts to dissolve and homogenize in the solvent, then this was a good choice for the sample.
Properties of the second solvent
For the second solvent, it is recommended to choose a solvent that helps to reduce the drying time of the measuring device. Usually this type of solvent has a very low boiling point such as acetone or ethanol. It is also advised to choose a solvent that is not harmful and widely available.
In rare cases it is recommended to use a third solvent as well. In this case, the third solvent should also enhance the cleaning function.
The following table gives an overview about combinations of solvents and samples.
Table 1: Overview of samples and suitable solvents
Suitable solvent for cleaning
Solvent for drying
Alcohols, such as liqueurs and wines, or beer
Soluble in water and/or in ethanol
Ethanol or acetone
The sample has polar properties and is soluble in a typically polar solvent.
Honey and sugary solutions, maple syrup
Soluble in warm water
Ethanol, due to the fact that acetone is typically not allowed in food industry
Sugar dissolves in water better than in alcohol, and if heat is applied as well, then the process can be enhanced.
Waxes of biological or artificial origin
Soluble in non-polar organic solvent such as toluene, xylene, or in a warmed oil (the oil can be a low-viscosity base oil)
Cleaners naphta with a low boiling point or isopropyl alcohol
Waxes are insoluble in water and usually solid; therefore heat is needed to melt them and to properly dilute them in a solvent.
Polymers (for plastics)
Soluble in acids or organic solvent. Highly recommended as the second solvent.
Ethanol only! Ethanol quenches the organic solvent.
Polymer solutions typically aggregate in water; therefore it is necessary to follow the manufacturer's recommendations according to these samples.
Soluble in acetone and ethanol
The sample and solvent have very similar polarity. This behavior is utilized to produce eau de colognes.
Oily flavors
Soluble in acetone and white spirit
Lipophilic samples need non-polar solvents; otherwise they would form suspensions or two-phase systems.
In-service engine oils
Ternary mixture of toluene, diesel, and n-butanol (1:1:1)
Cleaner's naphtha or ethanol
The sample and the sample matrix need special cleaning conditions. Soot is cleaned out with diesel, toluene takes the oil, and the alcohol is responsible for the optimal boiling point
Crude oils
Toluene and/or xylene, either pure or as a mixture
Some cleaner's naphtha
Toluene and xylene are aromatic solvents with a high boiling point and optimal to clean sticky crude oil.
Organic resin
DMSO dissolves many organic compounds easily but it has a boiling point higher than 150 °C. Therefore, ethanol as the second solvent will help to reduce the drying time
Milk or dairy products
Water and some enzymes. Fat-dissolving enzyme solution such as tetrazyme.
Milk or dairy products are water-fat emulsions and they have a natural origin. Therefore, an enzymatic solution is necessary to remove the lipids from the system and ethanol to dry it and carry out a disinfection.
Liquid soap
Water and/or acetone. Water as a pure solvent or as a mixture with the acetone.
Water dissolves liquid soap but also leads to foam. Therefore, the acetone is needed to break the foam and to improve the water's washing ability.
 1. En.wikipedia.org. (2017). Solubility. [online] Available at: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solubility [Accessed 12 Jul. 2017].
 2. Becker, H., Berger, W., Domschke, G., Beckert, R., Fanghänel, E. and Habicher, W. (2004). Organikum. 22nd ed. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, p.36.
 3. Malmberg, C. G.; Maryott, A. A. (January 1956). "Dielectric Constant of Water from 0° to 100°C" (PDF). Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards. 56 (1): 1. doi:10.6028/jres.056.001. Retrieved 27 June 2014.
 4. Lowry, T. and Richardson, K. (1987). Answer book to accompany Mechanism and theory in organic chemistry. New York: Harper & Row, p.77.
 5. Anon, (2017).


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Energy efficiency modeling is of great importance to energy management and conservation for machinery enterprises. To improve the generalization ability, this article combines the machining parameters and the configuration parameters into energy efficiency models, for which machine-learning (ML) algorithms are used considering the lack of theoretical formulas. Based on the three-year data collected in a shop floor, a comparative study for two different cases is conducted with a particular focus on prediction accuracy, stability, and computational efficiency. In Case 1, only cross-sectional data are used to predict energy efficiency, ignoring the deterioration of spindle motors and cutting tools. Three traditional ML algorithms, i.e., artificial neural networks, support vector regression, and Gaussian process regression, are evaluated with the help of five error metrics. In Case 2, we construct the models in a more realistic situation that considers the dynamic aspects of spindle motor aging and tool wear. A convolutional neural network, a stacked autoencoder, a deep belief network and the aforementioned traditional ML algorithms are investigated. The comparison shows that all the models in Case 1 suffer from performance degradation, while deep learning achieves the long-Term improvement in accuracy. Note to Practitioners-Energy efficiency models deliver many advantages, ranging from energy-Aware machine design to process optimization. Although a large amount of works in the past focused on physics-based and experimental modeling for specific machining configurations, it can be more effective to improve the applicability of the modeling methods by involving the configuration variables into the models. Due to the uncertainties in both the machine and the operation environment, machine learning is adopted to fit the high-dimensional and high-nonlinear energy system. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first article that provides a comprehensive survey on ML-based modeling in terms of data sizes, temporal granularities, feature selection, and algorithm performance. Such a survey helps engineers quickly justify the appropriate ML methods to meet the actual requirements.
|Original language||English (US)|
|Number of pages||14|
|Journal||IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering|
|State||Published - Apr 2021|
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- Control and Systems Engineering


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In the world of clinical trials, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) plays a crucial role in protecting sensitive patient data. Understanding the interactions between GDPR and clinical trials is essential for maintaining compliance and safeguarding both the organization and the patients involved.
Key Interactions Between GDPR and Clinical Trials
GDPR has a significant impact on clinical trials, as it imposes strict data protection requirements on organizations that process personal data. These requirements are particularly relevant in the context of clinical trials, where sensitive patient information is collected and processed.
Data Subject Rights
Under GDPR, patients participating in clinical trials have specific rights, such as the right to access, rectify, and erase their data. These rights must be respected and facilitated by organizations conducting clinical trials, ensuring that patient data is treated with the utmost care and consideration.
Data Processing Principles
Clinical trials must adhere to GDPR's data processing principles, which include lawfulness, fairness, transparency, accuracy, storage limitation, integrity, and confidentiality. By following these principles, organizations can ensure that patient data is processed securely and in compliance with GDPR.
Legal Basis for Processing
Organizations conducting clinical trials must establish a legal basis for processing patient data under GDPR. This could include obtaining explicit consent from patients or relying on other legitimate interests, such as scientific research, to process their data lawfully.
MyData-TRUST: Your GDPR Clinical Trials Compliance Partner
At MyData-TRUST, our team of experts is dedicated to helping you navigate the complexities of GDPR in clinical trials. With our in-depth knowledge of data protection regulations and industry-specific requirements, we ensure that your clinical trials remain compliant and secure.
By partnering with MyData-TRUST, you can focus on conducting life-changing research while leaving the intricacies of data protection and GDPR compliance to our experts.


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The sensitive educator should realize that kids go to school for a living. School is their job, their livelihood, and their identity. Thus, the crucial role that teachers play in the youngster's social development and self-concept should not be under-estimated. Even if a youngster is enjoying "academic success," her attitude about school will be determined by the degree of "social success" she experiences.
There is much that the educator can do to promote social development in the Aspergers child. Kids tend to fall into four basic social categories in the school environment:
- Children who, although not openly rejected, are ignored by peers and are uninvolved in the social aspects of school.
- Children who have successfully established positive relationships within a variety of social settings.
- Children who "fit-in" with a peer-group based on common interests, but seldom move beyond that group.
- Children who are consistently rejected, bullied and harassed by peers.
Many children with AS and HFA find themselves in the rejected/bullied subgroup. Their reputations as being rather "odd" plague them over the years. It is important for the educator to assist the Aspergers youngster's peers in changing their view of this boy or girl.
Discipline is a rather ineffective method of correcting bullying or rejecting behavior. For example, if the teacher disciplines Michael for insulting Ronnie, she only increases Michael's resentment of Ronnie. But, the teacher can increase Michael's level of acceptance in several ways. Here's how:
1. Assign the Aspergers youngster to work in pairs with a "socially skilled" youngster who will be accepting and supportive. Cooperative activities can be especially effective in the effort to include the rejected youngster in class. These activities enable the youngster to use her academic strengths while simultaneously developing her social skills.
2. Assign the rejected youngster to a leadership position in class wherein his peers become dependent on him (e.g., line leader). This can serve to increase his status and acceptance. However, understand that this may be an unfamiliar role for the Aspergers student, and he may require some guidance from the teacher in order to ensure success.
3. Attempt to determine specific interests, hobbies or strengths of the rejected youngster. This can be accomplished through discussions, interviews or surveys. Once the teacher has identified the youngster's strengths, celebrate it in a very public manner. For example, if the child has a particular interest in Indian wood carvings, find a 'read-aloud' adventure story in which an Indian plays an important role in the plot. Encourage the youngster to bring a couple of his Indian wood carvings to class and show how they were made. By playing the expert role, a rejected youngster can greatly increase his status.
4. Board and card games can be used to foster social development in class. These activities require children to utilize a variety of social skills (e.g., voice modulation, taking turns, sportsmanship, dealing with competition, etc.). These activities can also be used to promote academic skills. Since games are often motivating for children, this activity can be used as positive reinforcement.
5. Educators at the high school level must be particularly aware of the teen that is being rejected by peers. During the teenage years, it is very important that the Aspergers youngster be accepted by his peers. The rejection suffered by teens with social skill deficits often places them at risk for emotional problems.
6. The child with social skill deficits invariably experiences rejection in any activity that requires children to select classmates for teams or groups. This selection process generally finds the rejected youngster in the awkward position of being the "last one picked." Avoid these humiliating situations by pre-selecting the teams or drawing names from a hat.
7. The educator can assist the Aspergers youngster by making him aware of the traits that are widely-accepted and admired by his peers (e.g., when a particular child converses, extends invitations, gives compliments, greets others, laughs, shares, smiles, tells jokes, etc.).
8. The educator needs to recognize the critical role that the youngster's mom and dad – and even siblings – can play in the development of social competency. Ask the youngster's mother or father to visit school for a conference to discuss the child's social status and needs. School and home must work in concert to ensure that target skills are reinforced and monitored. Social goals should be listed and prioritized. Focus on a small set of social skills (e.g., making eye contact, sharing, and taking turns) rather than trying to deal simultaneously with the entire inventory of social skills.
9. The educator should demonstrate acceptance of - and affection for - the rejected youngster. This conveys the constant message that this youngster is worthy of attention. The educator can use her status as a leader to increase the status of the Aspergers youngster.
10. The socially incompetent youngster often experiences isolation and rejection in his neighborhood, on the school bus, and in peer-group activities. The educator can provide this child with a learning environment wherein he can feel comfortable, accepted and welcome. Coming to school every day can become a helpless event for some Aspergers kids – unless they succeed at what they do. Educators are shields against that helplessness.
Teaching Social Skills and Emotion Management


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Go to Rekindling the Spirit: The Rebirth of American Indian Spirituality
DocumentRekindling the Spirit: The Rebirth of American Indian Spirituality
DocumentPart 1: The spirits spoke to him
DocumentPart 2: The seventh fire
DocumentPart 3: Christianizing the Indians
DocumentPart 4: One church, two traditions
DocumentPart 5: Where tradition thrives
DocumentPart 6: Ceremony and symbolism
DocumentPart 7: The healing spirit
DocumentPart 8: Returning to the Red Road
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Part 7: The healing spirit
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Larry Aitken is a Native healer on the White Earth Reservation. He says there are hundreds of plants found in the forest that can be used for medicine. (MPR Photo/Tom Robertson)
Leech Lake Reservation — American Indians believe healing is part of all spiritual experience. Medicine is always combined with prayer, and the medicines comes from nature. Healers have passed the knowledge down for centuries.
Larry Aitken keeps a supply of roots, leave and herbs in a small building near his home on the Leech Lake Reservation. He's familiar with many of the plants used for healing.
"That's one of the medicines over there," says Aitken, as he pulls a chunk of wood from a box.
"I gotta chop this up. This is called ironwood, and you use it for when you have an upset stomach," he says.
Aitken says there are hundreds of plants found in the forest that can be used for medicine. Whenever plants are collected, Indians offer tobacco to show the Creator thanks for the gift.
Larger view
Image Dr. Fred Ness is convinced
Wild ginger root is used when someone gets sick from eating bad meat. Something called swamp tea is said to be an effective treatment for high blood pressure. Aitken says bear fat can clear up scalp conditions and cure certain heart disease.
Aitken is a member of Medewiwin, the Grand Medicine Society. He worked with widely respected Native healer Jimmy Jackson for many years. Aitken says Jackson trained many Indian healers.
"When I first started working with him, I didn't really keep a diary, but later on I started to," recalls Aitken. "Because he said, 'You'd better write that down, because you might forget that. I won't always be around here to tell you.'"
"He could heal just by praying. And that's really what a medicine man is able to do," says Aitken. "You go from learning plants and the healing powers, to being a philosopher, a spiritualist, then to the ability to just pray. Kind of like the laying of the hands, you know? And then you get to that level as a medicine man, your prayers are really powerful."
Larry Aitken performs some ceremonies. He helps the sick when he's asked. But he doesn't call himself a medicine man.
"It's not something you wish for because -- what's the new word? A 24/7 job -- 24 hours a day, seven days a week, because that's what he did," Aitken says of medicine man Jimmy Jackson. "His life wasn't his own. It belonged to whoever was sick or whoever needed to be married, whoever needed to be adopted, whoever needed to be buried, whoever needed to be doctored for whatever ailment they had. You're life didn't belong to you. But medicine chooses you. You don't choose to be a medicine man."
What I do in that room over there, I can't teach you. It has to come from a different place. Call it the spirit realm, dreams, God, the Creator, it has to come from him. To sit here and say I fully understand it -- I don't.
- Skip Sandman, Native healer
Most American Indian healers keep a low profile. They see themselves as a tool, chosen by the spirits.
Skip Sandman says he never expected to heal people. Sandman has an office at the Mille Lacs Indian health clinic in central Minnesota. It's an unusual blend of western and Indian medicine.
Skip Sandman calls himself nanaandawii'iwewinini, or one who doctors. Sandman is also what's known as a bone doctor. The term comes from the hollow bones he uses in ceremony. He says the bones are used to suck disease from patients.
Sandman works with the clinic's medical staff, but he has his own room for healing ceremonies. He will do ceremonies for Indian and non-Indian alike. But he doesn't talk much about it. He says healing is a gift he can't teach, or even explain.
"I can teach you about herbs and I can teach you a lot of different things. But what I do in that room over there, I can't teach you," says Sandman. "It has to come from a different place. Call it the spirit realm, dreams, God, the Creator, it has to come from him. To sit here and say I fully understand it -- I don't."
Sandman says the spirit realm chose him to be a conduit for the healing power of the Creator. Sandman didn't grow up in a traditional Indian home. But he says as a teenager, he began to have recurrent dreams of being chased by old men.
"They used to scare the heck out of me. You ever been in a dream where you're trying to run? The harder you try to run the slower you go? For years it was like that, until I couldn't run any more," Sandman says.
"Then all they did was reach out and touch me. They took me back to a dirt road when I was about 8 years old. I was hunting with my brother. We had shot this little bird, this little chickadee. I felt so bad for it. I said, I wish I had the power to heal you, to make you better. And when I said that, this wind came up out of the woods," he says.
Indians believe the Creator communicates through the spirits of those who have died. The spirit may be a grandparent, or someone who lived hundreds of years ago.
Skip Sandman says the spirits educated him through a series of dreams. Every night he would be taken places. The spirits showed him plants and told how to use them. Sandman says people began knocking on his door and asking for healing. He knew he had to accept the calling.
A couple of years ago, Sandman was asked to bring his practice to the tribal clinic on the Mille Lacs Reservation.
When someone comes to Sandman for healing, he doesn't look to medical records. He prays for help from the Creator and the helper spirits who do the Creator's bidding. He says the spirits speak to him directly or through visions.
"Each individual is different. Sometimes those things will be soft as butterflies. Sometimes it'll be like lightning cracking through the walls," he says. "Sometimes they'll show me who's coming, what's wrong with them. But when I start doing my ceremony in the next room here, they show me. They'll show me things about people's past, some of the pain and suffering, the good things they've done in their lives, and sometimes they even show me what the future might be."
Skip Sandman says the spirits will show him or tell him what blend of herbs to prescribe. He says people are healed of physical and mental illness.
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Image Healed by the spirits
There are no studies documenting the effectiveness of traditional Indian medicine. Medical staff at Mille Lacs are hoping to do a scientific study. They want to understand the work done by traditional healers.
Dr. Fred Ness has 20 years of experience in Indian health. He's a doctor at the Mille Lacs clinic. Ness describes himself as a white guy from Missouri, and while he can't offer scientific proof, Ness says he has no doubt traditional healing works.
"I'm convinced of the power of some of these things, and the beauty of them, too. But it's hard to document the efficacy of them," says Ness. "I don't understand that. I can only try to fit it into something that fits my models of understanding."
Ness believes medical doctors have much to learn from Indian healers. He says western medicine has largely excluded faith and prayer. Dr. Ness says his experience with American Indian healers changed his perceptions about the role of spirituality in medicine.
"We carry on this rational debate about whether it exists, and that's not where it's at at all -- in the rational. That's not rational stuff. That's otherworldly stuff, from dreamtime. We don't have dreamtime anymore in our culture," says Ness.
American Indians believe dreamtime is when the Creator or helper spirits speak and share wisdom with humans. It can occur anytime, day or night.
Many people will see a western doctor before they try traditional healing. Some depend on Anishinaabe medicine alone. Wanda Baxter is one example. Baxter, an elder on the Red Lake Reservation, says a native healer saved her life.
"I had cancer some years ago, but I didn't see the white doctors. I went to the elders. I went to Midewiwin," says Baxter. "I was given medicine to drink. For three and a half years I took that. And I was scared, because I was losing my hair," Baxter says. "Now I'm OK. I don


Think of Me First as a Person
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Think of Me First as a Person
Directed by George Ingmire
Starring Dwight Core (voice)
Dwight Core Jr.
Cinematography Dwight Core
Edited by George Ingmire
Release dates
(Originally shot till 1975)
Country U.S.A.
Language English
Think of Me First as a Person is a documentary film and home movie about Dwight Core, Jr., a boy with Down syndrome. The footage was originally shot throughout the 1960s and '70s by Core's father, Dwight Core, Sr. The footage was later discovered and completed by the filmmaker's grandson, George Ingmire.
The film was first shown at New Orleans' 2006 Home Movie Day. Later that year, it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry, an honor bestowed every year to twenty-five films deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant." The Library of Congress's statement announcing the 2006 additions to the Registry called the film a "loving portrait by a father of his son with Down syndrome" that represented "the creativity and craftsmanship of the American amateur filmmaker."[1]
The film's title comes from the 1974 Rita Dranginis poem of the same name.
 1. ^ "Librarian of Congress Adds Home Movie, Silent Films and Hollywood Classics to Film Preservation List", The Library of Congress, 27 December 2006. Retrieved on 2007-01-01.
External links[edit]