"One of Jim's greatest strengths of all is his humanity in understanding the needs of children with autism."
Carolyn Brown, Psychological Service, Fife
The Importance of Education
Jim has extensive experience in education in Autism, ranging from pre-school to post-school placements and including residential and college education. What makes him unique is his enthusiasm and interest in ascertaining what makes all the difference to people's lives, not just a difference in the short term. He strives to identify the qualities, skills and values that will make a specialist service for people with Autism and constantly challenges how practice and provisions can be improved.
Jim has worked closely with many individuals and organisations to build their capacity to provide the highest quality service for people with Autism. He has led teams to audit learning/working/living environments and their practice and interventions. This has led to very positive outcomes in creating and maintaining more appropriate environments, in improving practice and in ensuring better outcomes for pupils and service users. This approach has also been used to address some very challenging situations when other avenues have proved ineffective.
Presentations, Lectures and Training
Jim is an experienced trainer in Autism and has lectured widely around the world. He regularly delivers top quality training sessions and seminars on most aspects of Autism. He has lectured at Conferences around the world and has most recently been invited to present at the Autism U.S.A. Conference, Ocalicon 2014 in Columbus, Ohio for the fifth year.
Jim is also regularly invited to Chair a variety of International Conferences.
If you want to book Jim send him an email with any questions.
Classroom Observation
Jim is in demand in schools and adult services around the UK to carry out classroom/workplace observations, working alongside teaching/support staff and senior staff to improve practice and maximise the potential inherent in each individual with Autism. Again, his extensive experience of children and adults with Autism means that his focus can be on delivering positive and personalised outcomes. He also believes that this can be a very positive experience for both the staff and the person with Autism.
Improving Practice and Mentoring
Jim is currently supporting and mentoring key staff and individuals in a variety of services around the UK. Autism teams and services are often under-resourced and Jim's experience in maximising impact and outcomes within existing resources is seen as very valuable and effective.
Bespoke Training Packages
Jim believes that delivering the same training events or sessions to different services is both disrespectful and ineffective. One size does not fit all. Prior to training sessions, he will often visit schools and services to ascertain their priority issues and needs and adapts presentations to suit.
Should you have any questions or require Jim's experience, drop him a line.
"Jim is always very helpful and I greatly value his input when we are developing the content of our ASD professional development events.
Carolyn Fraser, Director, Medica Cpd Ltd
"Refreshing, inspiring and motivating." "It was all very valuable information." "Jim's humour is great, loved all the anecdotes, examples and practical information which I can apply."
Previous delegates at a Medica Cpd Training Event


text:
With the nation's air traffic expected to double by 2025, air traffic controllers will probably have to depend more and more on automation. But too much automation could lead to fatal mistakes when that automation fails, a former Texas Tech University psychology student discovered.
The Joint Planning and Development Office, made up of officials from NASA, the FAA and the Department of Defense, is developing initiatives to help controllers handle increased air traffic that include more automation, said Arathi Sethumadhavan, who recently earned a doctorate degree from the Department of Psychology.
"Fully automated systems are not always desirable because they tend to leave the controller out of the decision-making loop," Sethumadhavan said. "The controllers tend to become overly reliant on the automation, so that when it fails, it's hard for the operator to take back control. The key is to find the right level and type of automation that benefits the controller and still keeps the controller in the decision-making loop."
To help answer the question, Sethumadhavan trained 72 subjects to use a simple air traffic control simulator with four levels of automation. She found that controllers with more automation built into their systems were less able to detect collisions in their airspace when the systems failed than those who had less automation.
Her work, titled Effects of Automation Types on Air Traffic Controller Situation Awareness, was published in the 2009 Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. She will present her findings during the society's annual meeting Oct. 19-23. Her research was funded by the American Psychological Foundation and the Council of Graduate Departments of Psychology.
In one group, color-coded altitudes aided controllers, while a second group's automated system highlighted possible collisions in the airspace. The third group's automated system provided recommendations to avoid the possible collisions. The fourth group's system automatically resolved potential collisions between aircraft.
When the simulation froze at random times, the controllers were asked to recreate aircraft location, altitude, heading, destination, and call sign from memory to determine their situation awareness. The first group with only the color-coded altitudes to assist them was able to recreate their screens far better than the other three groups who had more automated programming.
"The first group had higher situation awareness far beyond those who had higher levels of automation," she said. "I thought exposure to one automation failure would make the controllers more cautious. So, I made them complete another scenario in which the automation failed. What was shocking was that even after exposure to a failure in the automation, the groups with higher levels of automation continued to have lower situation awareness and were slower to detect a subsequent failure in the automation.
"Automation technology has clear benefits when it functions correctly. But no system is 100% reliable. The trick to designing future air traffic automation systems will depend on coming up with the right level and types of automation. Psychology can help make these systems more user-friendly and more interactive to protect against over-reliance."
Pat DeLucia, professor of psychology, sat on Sethumadhavan's dissertation committee. She said it holds important information for designers who will implement plans for the next generation of air traffic control operations.
"We know that automation can lead to less ability to recover after a system failure," DeLucia said. "But Arathi's dissertation goes deeper and looks into situational awareness with varying degrees of automation. Overall, her work could have the potential to influence the next generation of air transportation systems."
For more information: TTU.edu.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


practical sense, in the case of the Pharisees being teachers and judges, it would relate to them having compassion (caring) for those who were following them or otherwise within their jurisdiction. Their focus would change from being some sort of policemen - reflected by the phrase, "teachers of the law" and "experts in the law" (Luke 11:46) often used to describe the Pharisees - to being kind and merciful to others, and teaching them according to the fundamental spiritual tenants of Moses' teachings - which they were supposed to be following and teaching in the first place.
And what was Moses' most important teaching ("law") according to Moses, Jesus and Moses' student, Joshua and the other Prophets?
" 'Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your strength.' This is the first and greatest commandment. And the second is like it: 'Love your neighbor as yourself." (Matt. 22:37-39 - and Luke 10:27, Mark 12:30, Deut. 6:5, Joshua 22:5, Psalm 31:23)


text:
The Roaring Twenties
learn everything there is to know about the 1920s.
Speakeasies were places where people whent to secretly drink during the prohibition. The prohibition was a law that made alcohol illegal.
In the twenties women became more independent and started to take risks. They began to dress less and drink more. They showed more skin and went out to more parties, these women were called flappers.
Ku Klux Klan
In the twenties America was segragated between blacks and whites. There was there was a horrible group of racists that when around hanging blacks and burning down there houses. They called themselves the KKK or the Ku Klux Klan.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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What is a land acknowledgement and why do we do it?
A land acknowledgement is a statement recognizing the traditional territory of the Indigenous people(s) who called the land home before the arrival of settlers, and in many cases still do call it home. Indigenous peoples have been acknowledging the land at the start of gatherings, ceremonies and events for time immemorial.
Providing a land acknowledgement at the beginning of an event or meeting gives time for reflection and demonstrates recognition of Indigenous lands, treaties and peoples. It involves thinking about what happened in the past and what changes can be made going forward in order to further the reconciliation process. Land acknowledgements mark a small and important step in the process of reconciliation and building a positive relationship with Indigenous peoples. By making a land acknowledgement you are taking part in an act of reconciliation, honouring the land and Indigenous presence which dates back over 10,000 years.
Using and participating in a land acknowledgement is a way to recognize the enduring presence and resilience of Indigenous peoples in this area for time immemorial. They are also a reminder that we are all accountable to these relationships.
History of Toronto Youth Theatre
TYT Theatre was formed in 2019 as a new company that would engage youth and families in interactive, original theatrical experiences. We do not opperate alongside Toronto Youth Theatre, but acknowledge them as our parent organization.
Since 2005 Toronto Youth Theatre has provided a cutting edge theatre program that empowers youth, regardless of their background, gender, or age, to explore and reach their creative potential
Today, with more than 25 productions from traditional musicals plus Toronto Youth Theatre has developed and workshopped original plays/musicals the company has positioned itself as one of Toronto's premiere youth theatre companies.
Rehearsing and performing in the professional theatre company space such as The Lower Ossington theatre, The Annex and Randolph Theatres and participating in events like We Day Toronto Youth Theatre provides a professional experience to young actors in all aspects of production.


text:
Target localization based on joint measurement of amplitude and frequency in a LOFAR field
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To estimate the motion parameters of a moving target before its passing by the closest point of approach (CPA) point in a low frequency analyzing and recording (LOFAR) field, an error-free theoretical method based on the joint measurement of target radiated noise's amplitude and frequency was presented. First, the error-free theoretical equations for target characteristic frequency, absolute velocity, the CPA, and amplitude of the radiation noise were derived by three equal interval measured values of the target amplitude and frequency. Then, the method to improve the calculation accuracy was given. Finally, the simulation and experiments were conducted in the air and showed the correctness of this method. By using one single piece of LOFAR, this method can calculate four target parameters and the relative error of each estimated parameter is less than 10%.
Key wordsLow frequency analyzing and recording (LOFAR) Closest point of approach (CPA) Doppler frequency shift Transmission loss
Low frequency analyzing and recording (LOFAR) is a very important application in the passive measurement field. Generally, LOFAR with no directivity can only passively receive radiated noise of the target. Line spectrum information contained in the noise is recorded and processed to calculate the motion parameters of the target. With characteristics of low cost, small volume, light weight, etc., the LOFAR is applied widely in various fields, for example, underwater target localization (Wu and Sun, 1999; Ling and Wang, 2007).
Methods with single pieces of LOFAR for target parameter estimation are as follows. The classical algorithm for LOFAR, namely algorithm of Doppler-closest point of approach (CPA) was proposed in (Tao 2009). Tao (2009) calculated the velocity of the target and CPA approximately by recording the two symmetrical target frequencies of the CPA point. An improved algorithm of the Doppler-CPA was also proposed in (Tao, 2009), where the calculation of the absolute velocity of the target and the CPA error-free theoretical formula were deduced by introducing time information. All the methods above can only be applied after the target passes by the CPA point, which is limited in use. The approximate calculation method of the target speed and CPA was presented in (Yu, 2011), which used any of the three point of frequency measurements and information of the change rate of the target line spectrum. Actually, the Doppler variation of the target is originally a slow process with noise. Therefore, using the rate of change to calculate the target motion parameters may cause some large errors.
Target localization with joint multiple LOFAR is another active direction, such as the classical LOFAR FIX (LOFIX) principle and analysis of localization accuracy in (Hu et al., 2009), the classical hyperbolic fixing (HYFIX) principle and analysis of localization accuracy in (Sun et al., 2010). The passive range estimation was completed by using a vector sensor array (Li et al., 2012). The passive parameter estimation and its accuracy were analyzed from different aspects (Shang et al., 1985; Mao, 2001; Brian and Kam, 2002; Xue et al., 2005; Ma, 2007; Cockrell and Schmidt, 2010). To improve the accuracy of the target frequency measurement, some methods of image processing were applied in previous studies (Fan et al., 2002; Yang et al., 2010).
This paper focuses on using a single piece of LOFAR. The radiated noise's amplitude of the target at any time (not restricted to passing by the CPA necessarily) is collected by three types of equal intervals. The error-free calculation formulas for the four types of status information consisted of absolute velocity of the target, characteristic frequency of the target, the closest distance, and the absolute amplitude, are then derived.
2 Measurement model
2.1 Measurements of frequency
2.2 Measurements of amplitude
LOFAR is mainly used for recording and processing the strong line spectrum in the noise radiated by the target. According to (Liu and Lei, 1993), the line spectrum noise mainly consists of mechanical noise and propeller noise in the background noise of the target. The frequency ranges from 10 Hz to 2000 Hz.
The absorption coefficient is 0.000279–0.12 in the frequency band of 10–2000 Hz. If the distance is 10 km, the extended loss will be 80 dB, and the maximum absorption loss is 1.2 dB. Therefore, the absorption loss can be ignored when the frequency is in the low band.
2.3 Equation of observation
As shown in Fig. 1, the frequency and amplitude of the target are measured and recorded at equal interval times t 1, t 2, and t 3 (t 2−t 1=t 3−t 2=Δt). The measurement of frequency is shown in Eq. (1).
3 Calculation of the target's parameters
3.1 Characteristic frequency
3.2 Absolute velocity
The velocity v and D/A T can be solved as f T has been known.
3.3 Closest point of approach (CPA)
When f T, v, and D/A T have been known, tgφ i can be calculated on the basis of Eq. (9). Then the closest point of approach D can be derived from Eq. (6) by use of the two values tgφ 1 and tgφ 2. Finally, the absolute amplitude A T at the distance which is equivalent to the unit distance from the target can be resolved.
4 Algorithm improvement
Only three measured data have been used in the method mentioned above. To improve the calculation accuracy in practice, the best results can be obtained by using the statistical method with more data.
4.1 Improvement of target characteristic frequency
4.2 Improvement of target velocity
5 Computer simulation
5.1 Error-free simulation
First of all, the correctness of the formula will be verified by use of the computer simulation without consideration of any error.
We set the target speed of 5 m/s, characteristic line spectrum of 1000 Hz, radiation sound source level of 134 dB, and the equivalent voltage of 1 m away from the target A T=501.90 V (which is calculated on the condition that the sensitivity of acoustic receiving transducer is −203 dB, and the gain of the preamplifier circuit is 120 dB).
LOFAR is located in the origin of the coordinates, and the closest distance D to the target is 100 m, 1000 m, and 10000 m. Matlab is used as the simulation software. The sample rate of the frequency and amplitude is 1 Hz, sound speed is 1500 m/s, and time zero is set at the moment that the target passes by the CPA point (the CPA point in Fig. 1). The information of Doppler and amplitude of the targets which contain −300 s, −200 s, and −100 s is used for the calculation.
The calculated results of the simulation model and sample data without errors are shown in Table 1.
Calculated results without error
Actual closest distance (m)
Closest distance (m)
Absolute amplitude (V)
Because this algorithm is theoretically accurate and error-free, the calculation error depends entirely on the error of the calculation process. Matlab acted as the numerical simulation software due to its high calculation accuracy. In the actual process, the error of each calculated result can reach 10−14 orders of magnitude. Table 1 does not list all the significant figures as it is limited by the table size. As in the case of 1000.00 m, the actual calculated velocity is 4.99999999999998, and the distance is 1000.0000000000024. The correctness of this algorithm can be proved from the simulation results.
5.2 Simulation with error
Calculated results with noise
Actual closest distance (m)
Closest distance (m)
Absolute amplitude (V)
As shown in Table 2, the calculated results are very accurate at close range (1000.00 m). The maximum relative error of distance is 2.91%, which can meet the actual requirements. Considering that we are only using a single piece of passive LOFAR, such results are still satisfactory.
The error increases dramatically at far distance, e.g., in the case of 10000.00 m, the calculated error of the velocity is up to 26.60%. The main reason is that the variation of the target's frequency and amplitude is reduced with the increasing distance, and the variation is almost the same as that of the amplitude of the noise. Therefore, the calculated error is very large, and may even result in a singular matrix which cannot be calculated.
6 Experiment in the air
6.1 Principle of the experiment
In the experiment (Fig. 2), the car traveling at a constant speed on the highway can simulate the targets which passed by the microphone, namely the CPA point at a uniform speed. The signal acquisition part collected the environmental noise and the target line spectrum which were stored by the data logger.
The experiment content was mainly to change the different distances of the CPA (D in Fig. 2) and the car speed v, and then the collected sound data were used to calculate the frequency f of the signal, the absolute amplitude A, the speed v of the car, and the CPA distance D. The correctness of the algorithm and the effects of different factors on the algorithm will be verified in the experiment.
6.2 Processing method
The collected noise spectrum


In most of the Indo-European languages that I know of, The T-V distinction applies, that the second plural form (referring to many people, vous,, and you in English) is used in the singular as a formal way of addressing another person. In German however, we use the third person plural for constructing formal sentences (sie-Sie.) How can this be explained and in what other languages can this be seen?
I can think of the possibility that formal Er (as described here: _URL_ might have had an influence. I can imagine that when addressing a woman, a formal Sie could have been used. But this doesn't explain the verb conjugation.
The most useful information I could gather on the subject so far was that "Ihr" was indeed used to formally address a person, but was replaced by "Sie" in about 19th, 20th century, no clue why. Also, the Dative form of "Ihnen" and the Possessive form "Ihr" still derive from the old pronoun.
 - 1
 Als Randnotiz: Weder für Polnisch noch Italienisch. – c.p. May 6 '16 at 19:45
 - In Portuguese, at least in the European variant, one formally speaks in the third person singular to someone. If one where to ask: "Are you looking for something?", that could be translated to "O senhor procura alguma coisa?", i.e. literally "Is the (gentle)man looking for something?", or when speaking to a woman, "A senhora procura alguma coisa?". – Bib-lost Jul 13 '16 at 12:24
Interesting site here on courtesy in 18th century German.
18. Jahrhundert Anreden
Of special interest to you perhaps:
Plural und Indirektion
Eine Plural-Anrede gilt als höflicher als eine Singular-Anrede. Daher ist "Ihr" höflicher als "Du". Noch höflicher ist es, jemanden nicht direkt anzusprechen. In asiatischen Kulturen wird das noch heute sehr deutlich: Egal, ob es um die direkte Anrede oder um direkten Augenkontakt geht, beide stellen eine Durchbrechung der Individualdistanz und mithin einen Einbruch in die persönliche Sphäre dar. Im Japanischen z.B. sagt man, wenn man besonders höflich sein will, nicht "Du gehst" sondern man benutzt die Passivform, "Du wirst gegangen". Das erscheint einem Deutsch-Muttersprachler in der Übersetzung seltsam, aber der wichtige Aspekt ist: Das Passiv wirkt nicht direkt auf den Gesprächspartner, sondern macht einen Umweg, und darin besteht die Höflichkeit. Ein ähnliches Prinzip wirkt im Deutschen, nur daß uns das heute nicht mehr so klar ist: Jemanden in der 3. Person anzusprechen bedeutet eigentlich, ihn eben nicht anzusprechen, sondern quasi mit einer imaginären anderen Person über ihn zu sprechen. Mithin ist "Geht es Ihm gut?" höflicher als "Geht es Euch gut?". Daraus ergibt sich folgende Hierarchie der Höflichkeitsstufen:
 1. Pers. sg. (Du) -> 2. Pers. pl. (Ihr) -> 3. Pers. sg. (Sie/Er) -> 3. Pers. pl. (Sie)
Wer extrem höflich sein will, z.B. einem Fürsten gegenüber, spricht den Anderen nicht einmal in der dritten Person an, sondern baut eine weitere Stufe der Indirektion ein. In diesem Fall kommen Worte wie "dero" oder "derselbe" ins Spiel, die eine besondere, noch indirektere Form der dritten Person darstellen: "Darf ich bei Dero Gnaden um Audienz ersuchen?"
A plural form of address is considered more polite than the singular form. That's why "Ihr" is more polite than "Du". It's even more polite to not address someone directly at all. In Asian cultures that is still pronounced to this day: No matter whether it's a matter of direct address or of edye contact, both constitute a breech of distance between individuals and thus a breech of personal space. In Japanese, for example, when trying to be polite, you don't say "you go/are going". Instead you use the passive form, essentially "you will be went". This sounds strange to a German [or English] native speaker, but the point is: the passive form does not act directly upon the other side of the conversation. Rather, it detours, and that is what makes is polite. There is a similar principle in German, though we aren't even aware of it nowadays: To address somebody in the third person means that you are specifically not addressing them directly, but rather speaking to an imaginary third person about them. As a result, "Geht es Ihm gut?" [How is he?] is more polite than "Geht es Euch gut?" [How are you? (*)]. This results in the following hierarchy of courtesy levels:
 1. pers. sing. (Du) -> 2. pers. pl. (Ihr) -> 3. pers. sg. (Sie/Er) -> 3. pers. pl (Sie)
Some who wants to be extremely polite, e.g. when addressing a lord, won't even use the third person form, but use another level of indirection. In this case, words like "dero" or "derselbe" enter the picture, which form a special, even more indirect form of third person address: "Darf ich bei Dero Gnaden um Audienz ersuchen?" [May I beseech His Eminenz for an audience?]
One other note: the 2. pers. pl. form of address isn't unheard of in some areas with their own dialects. Years ago, I worked in Coburg in Upper Franconia and was taken aback/amused when they asked me a local Gasthaus "Wollt Ihr ein Bier?" and "Was wollt Ihr denn essen?"
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 I would vote for an English translation of this German text-piece. – Lynnyo May 5 '16 at 1:51
 - 1
 On your last note: That ("Ihr") would typically be used to evade the decision on whether to address someone as "Sie" or "Du" and sometimes is an indirect hint to tell them. – tofro May 5 '16 at 19:35
 - 1
 _USER_ in that form I know it from upper and lower Bavarian, but in upper Franconian it seemed to be the formal form of address - even among people who knew each other but were still using formal address with each other. It's been quite a while, though. – user21173 May 5 '16 at 20:51
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 Very well explained! I like that germans always try to be polite. The answer has something to do with addressing with "Er/Sie" as I guessed. – Yordan Grigorov May 7 '16 at 7:33
 - Yes, essentially, as the transition shows, third person (er/sie) is even more polite than ihr, so it became established. – user21173 May 7 '16 at 7:34
Your Answer


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I see the terms "declaration," "prototype" and "symbol" thrown around interchangeably a lot when it comes to code like the following:
void MyUndefinedFunction();
The same goes for "definition" and "implementation" for things like this:
void MyClass::MyMethod()
 // Actual code here.
Are there any distinctions between the terms, or are they truly synonymous?
EDIT: I'm unsure whether or not this belongs on Stack Overflow...
share|improve this question
2 Answers 2
up vote 3 down vote accepted
In C, they are different.
A "symbol" is the name of a variable, constant, or function, e.g. i, sqrt, or value.
A "declaration" indicates that the given variable, constant, or function exists, and tells its type, e.g.
const int i;
double sqrt();
float value;
A "prototype" provides information about the arguments to a function as well as its return type, e.g.
double sqrt(double value);
share|improve this answer
Another term for "prototype" in this context is a method signature. – Mike Rosenblum May 2 '11 at 2:05
Declarations are simply the act of declaring a variable into existence. The definition is what a variable is holding, or the code that a function will execute.
void MyUndefinedFunction(); is a prototype because it's not being defined to do anything (it is being declared). Implementing a variable or function would be the act of using it, or implementing it into your code, to accomplish a task.
void MyFunction(); // The function prototype
void MyFunctoin() {
// The code to be executed by MyFunction() (the definition)
if (something happens) {
MyFunction() // The implementation of the function into your program
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


text:
Definitions of ring:
- noun: jewelry consisting of a circlet of precious metal (often set with jewels) worn on the finger
Example: "She had rings on every finger"
- noun: a square platform marked off by ropes in which contestants box or wrestle
- noun: a characteristic sound
Example: "It has the ring of sincerity"
- noun: the sound of a bell ringing
Example: "The distinctive ring of the church bell"
- noun: a toroidal shape
Example: "A ring of ships in the harbor"
- noun: a strip of material attached to the leg of a bird to identify it (as in studies of bird migration)
- noun: a rigid circular band of metal or wood or other material used for holding or fastening or hanging or pulling
- noun: (chemistry) a chain of atoms in a molecule that forms a closed loop
- noun: an association of criminals
- verb: sound loudly and sonorously
- verb: make (bells) ring, often for the purposes of musical edification
Example: "Ring the bells"
- verb: attach a ring to the foot of, in order to identify
Example: "Ring birds"
- verb: ring or echo with sound
- verb: get or try to get into communication (with someone) by telephone
- verb: be around
- name: A surname (common: 1 in 16666 families; popularity rank in the U.S.: #2137)
Search for ring at other dictionaries: OneLook, Answers.com, Merriam-Webster
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text:
- Multicell allows to make GSM calls through a standard telephone or a PBX
- In practice,PTSN to GSM calls are more expensive than GSM to GSM calls.Muticell
enables to make GSM to GSM call through the fix lines.
- Multicell is connected to an external line of a PBX (FXS). If the exchange that
MULTIcell is connected has the voice call attendant feature it is possible to make
inward dialing by keying MF tones.
- 900/1800 MHz GSM standards.
- Built in caller ID feature
- SMS sending
- LEDs on the device shows the signal level and the phase of the communication.
- The device generates 12/16 KHz or Polarity Reversal charging pulses.If the
network does not send the charging signal at all Multicell device may generate
fictive charging pulses.
- Adjustment of voice transmit and receive levels during conversation.
- Wall mounted cabinet.The antenna is fixed type (it may also be the roof type
where the GSM signal is weak ).
- Telephone line is connected with RJ11 type jack to the device.
- Adapter of the device is 220VAC/9VDC 1A max.


The Romanov Family's Alphabet v.2 - K is for Kindred.
 1. group of people related by blood or marriage
 2. related by blood or marriage; "kindred clans"
 Because of Britain's Queen Victoria and her nine children, the last Imperial Family of Russia is related to almost every Royal Family in Europe. Their relatives include the Royal Families of Britain, Sweden, Germany, Norway, Romania, Spain, Denmark, and Greece.
 The Romanov Family's Alphabet v.2 - J is for Joy and Jemmy.
 Tsarevich Alexei's Springer Spaniel was named Joy, which Alexei had received during the early part of the War. Joy was the only living being known to have survived that night in Yekaterinburg. She was found wandering lost and forlorn around the yard of the house, crying for her master. Joy hid during the murder and when the bodies were taken out of the cellar room, he ran out into the streets of Ekaterinburg. Later, Joy was found in the home of an Ipatiex House guard, Michael Letemin.
 Jemmy was Grand Duchess Anastasia's King Charles spaniel (some say the dog was actually Tatiana's). Jemmy, unfortunately, did not survive the night. He was in Anastasia's arms when the shooting began, and the dog's skeleton was found along with his masters. Joy ended her days on a farm near Windsor and was buried somewhere in England.
 Maria,Anastasia,Tatiana and Olga in one carriage …
 OTMA Romanov,Nicolau,Anna Vyrobosa and others …
 The Romanov Family's Alphabet v.2 - I is for Ice.
 In the wintertime, the Romanovs often skated on the frozen pond outside of their palace. Once every year when Spring came, they would break the ice apart and clean up the ice and snow off the paths to prevent excessive water.
 Maria and Anastasia in 1915 …
 Anastasia and Maria in Livadia …
 The Romanov Family's Alphabet v.2 - H is for Horses.
 The Romanov Family's Alphabet v.2 - G is for Germany.
 The mother of the Last Imperial Children of Russia was born in the German Empire. Empress Alexandra Feodorovna of Russia was formerly Princess Alix of Hesse and by Rhine, a Grand Duchy that was then part of the German Empire. The family would often visit their family relatives and cousins in Germany. In 1914, all of this changed.
 The outbreak of World War I was a pivotal moment for Russia and Alexandra. The war pitted the Russian Empire of the Romanov dynasty against the much stronger German Empire of the Hohenzollern dynasty. When Alexandra learned of the Russian mobilization, she stormed into her husband's study and said: "War! And I know nothing of it! This is the end of everything." Both Russian and German Empires were abolished by the end of the War.
 OTMA Romanov on Standard …
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Objective: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment of severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA), yet drug discontinuation is common. The aim of this study was to compare treatment retention rates and specific causes of anti-TNF discontinuation in a population-based RA cohort.
Methods: All patients treated with etanercept, infliximab, or adalimumab within the Swiss Clinical Quality Management RA cohort between 1997 and 2006 were included in the study. Causes of treatment discontinuation were broadly categorized as adverse events (AEs) or nontoxic causes, and further subdivided into specific categories. Specific causes of treatment interruption were analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards model and adjusted for potential confounders.
Results: A total of 2,364 anti-TNF treatment courses met the inclusion criteria. Treatment discontinuation was reported 803 times: 309 with etanercept, 249 with infliximab, and 245 with adalimumab. Drug inefficacy represented the largest single cause of treatment discontinuation (55.8% of cases). The median time of receiving anti-TNF therapy was 37 months, but discontinuation rates differed between the 3 anti-TNF agents (P < 0.001), with shorter retention rates for infliximab (hazard ratio [HR] 1.24, 99% confidence interval [99% CI] 1.01-1.51). The specific causes of treatment discontinuation revealed an increased risk of AEs with infliximab (HR 1.4, 99% CI 1.003-1.96), mostly due to an increased risk of infusion or allergic reactions (HR 2.11, 99% CI 1.23-3.62). Other discontinuation causes were equally distributed between the anti-TNF agents.
Conclusion: In this population, infliximab was associated with higher overall discontinuation rates compared with etanercept and adalimumab, which is mainly due to an increased risk of infusion or allergic reactions.


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Learn About Thinking Activities
Thinking activities are used to tap learners' prior knowledge by giving them an opportunity to create lists, make predictions, and use analogies. By using these activities, learners are put in control of their learning and allowed to make personal connections to new content.
Making organized lists that rank items in an order that makes sense to the learner is one way to help learners organize what they know as way of tapping prior knowledge. The Visual Ranking Tool*:
- Is an online thinking tool for ordering and prioritizing items in a list
- Helps learners analyze and evaluate criteria for their decisions
- Compares reasoning visually to promote collaboration and discussion
With the use of this tool, learners can use prior knowledge at the beginning of a project or lesson to rank items and then see how their new knowledge expands their viewpoint over the course of learning.
Example Visual Ranking List:
Working in pairs, learners are given a list of animals and asked which one most resembles a human. They use Visual Ranking to put the animals into order, ranking them on their human-like qualities.
This Visual Ranking list comes from the Project Idea: Classify Animals*.
To Page 2 of 2 | Next >
< Return to Tapping Prior Knowledge


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Kamesh, D and Pandiyan, R and Ghosal, Ashitava (2010) Modelling, Design and Analysis of Low Frequency Platform for Attenuating Micro-Vibration in Spacecraft. In: Journal of Sound and Vibration, 329 (17). pp. 3431-3450.
jsv-10.pdf - Accepted Version
jsv_329.pdf - Published Version
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One of the most important factors that affect the pointing of precision payloads and devices in space platforms is the vibration generated due to static and dynamic unbalanced forces of rotary equipments placed in the neighborhood of payload. Generally, such disturbances are of low amplitude, less than 1 kHz, and are termed as 'micro-vibrations'. Due to low damping in the space structure, these vibrations have long decay time and they degrade the performance of payload. This paper addresses the design, modeling and analysis of a low frequency space frame platform for passive and active attenuation of micro-vibrations. This flexible platform has been designed to act as a mount for devices like reaction wheels, and consists of four folded continuous beams arranged in three dimensions. Frequency and response analysis have been carried out by varying the number of folds, and thickness of vertical beam. Results show that lower frequencies can be achieved by increasing the number of folds and by decreasing the thickness of the blade. In addition, active vibration control is studied by incorporating piezoelectric actuators and sensors in the dynamic model. It is shown using simulation that a control strategy using optimal control is effective for vibration suppression under a wide variety of loading conditions.
|Item Type:||Journal Article|
|Additional Information:||Copyright of this article belongs to Elsevier|
|Department/Centre:||Division of Mechanical Sciences > Mechanical Engineering|
|Date Deposited:||28 Dec 2010 07:57|
|Last Modified:||28 Dec 2010 07:58|
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- A standard 60 W 120 V light bulb has a tungsten filament that is 53.3 cm long and 46 μm in diameter.
- What is the light bulb's operating resistance?
- Determine the cross sectional area of the filament.
- Calculate the resistivity of tungsten using the results of part a. and b.
- How does the resistivity calculated above compare to the value quoted in standard reference tables? Why are these two values so different?
- How can a 53.3 cm filament fit into a light bulb that is only a few centimeters wide?
- Write something.
- Write something.
- Write something completely different.
- Given a wire with a resistance R, what will be the new resistance if…
- the wire is cut in half and only one half is used to conduct electricity,
- the wire is folded in half and both halves are used to conduct electricity?
- A tungsten rod and an aluminum rod have the same length and resistance.
- What is the ratio of the cross sectional area of the tungsten rod to the aluminum rod?
- What is the ratio of the diameter of the tungsten rod to the aluminum rod?
- Which device in your home has the highest resistance: a flood light, a reading lamp, or a night light? All three devices are plugged into standard North American 120 V outlets.
- A strain gauge is a device that is sometimes used by building engineers to monitor the growth of cracks in brick or concrete walls. A typical electric strain gauge [ consists of a series of parallel wires that are affixed to a wall with opposite ends on opposite sides of the crack.
As the width of a crack increases, what happens to…
- the length of the wires
- the cross sectional area of the wires
- the resistance?
- A power transmission cable is composed of 37 strands of aluminum wire, each 4.0 mm in diameter. The cable is 100 m long and is used to deliver 300 A of current to a commercial power user. Determine…
- the total cross sectional area of the cable,
- the resistance of the cable, and
- the power lost in the cable before it reaches the user.
- You have decided to build an 800 W, 120 V, two-slot toaster for your mother.
- What is the resistance of your mother's new toaster?
- How much 25 gauge (0.455 mm diameter) nichrome wire will you need to build it?
- Approximately how many times should the wire be folded so that both sides of each slice of bread will be evenly toasted? (Assume that a typical slice of bread is a 12 cm square.)
- Which dry pasta offers more resistance to the flow of electricity?
- spaghetti lunghi, an extra long variety of string-like pasta, 50 cm long, 1.55 mm in diameter
- capelli d'angelo: a very fine hair-like pasta, 25 cm long, 0.965 mm in diameter
- What is the resistance of a roll of 100 pennies? To simplify calculations, assume the pennies are made entirely of copper.
- If you use American pennies, assume they were minted before 1982. American pennies minted after 1982 have a zinc core in a copper jacket.
- If you use Canadian pennies, assume they were minted before 1996. Canadian pennies minted after 1996 have a zinc or nickel-steel core in a copper jacket.
- An electric power distribution cable is made of multiple strands of aluminum and steel wire as shown in the diagram below [.
The diameters are 2.00 mm and 1.33 mm for the aluminum and steel strands, respectively. Determine the resistance for one kilometer of this cable…
- assuming that each strand is straight
- assuming that each aluminum strand is wound with a 16° pitch
- What dimensions should a 50 nm thick aluminum film have to yield a resistance of 40 Ω?
- An electric current of 1 mA through the human body is just barely detectable. At 5 mA, the sensation becomes painful. A current above 15 mA is sufficient to cause paralysis in major voluntary muscles. At 75 mA, the current will begin to scramble the normally coordinated contractions of the heart — a condition that is fatal if it persists for more than a few seconds. This information is summarized in the table below along with some information on the arm-to-arm resistance of the human body.
current (mA) resistance (Ω) sensation 1 dry skin 100,000 pain 5 wet skin 5,000 paralysis 15 fibrillation 75 Physiological effects of current
- What voltage across the arms of a human with dry skin would result in a barely detectable current?
- The voltage you calculated in part a. is now applied to a human with wet skin. What is the effect?
- Why is it dangerous to handle electrical equipment with wet skin?
- What minimum voltage is needed to produce sensation in wet skin?
- How could the situation described in part d. be demonstrated? (No exotic or dangerous equipment, please.)
- You are a cruel and unusual electrical engineer and have been given the cruel and unusual task of designing an electric chair for the purposes of executing criminals in a cruel and unusual fashion.
- How is your victim to be attached to the chair and what special preparations would you do to ensure the chair worked most effectively?
- What minimum voltage is sufficient to achieve your task?
- What do the terms AC and DC refer to and which of these is used in electric chairs? Explain the reasoning behind this choice.
- Cars don't have batteries to power the lights, roll down the windows, or light your cigarette. Although the battery can be used to do all these things, it's primary purpose is to start the engine. It does this by turning or cranking the crank shaft with the starter motor while at the same time supplying enough current to generate a spark across the gap of the spark plug inside each piston. Once the engine gets going, the car's generator or alternator takes on the task of powering the electrical system. Since doing this job is harder in cold weather than hot weather, battery manufacturers have agreed to a standard measure known as the cold cranking amp rating (CCA). This number measures the maximum current that a battery can deliver to the electrical system for 30 seconds at 0 ℉ (−17.8 ℃), while maintaining a terminal voltage of 7.2 V (1.2 V per cell).
- If a car battery delivers 450 A of current during a CCA test, what is the resistance of the load to which it is attached?
- The electromotive force of a standard passenger car battery is 12 V (2 V per cell). The drop in terminal voltage during a CCA test is due to the resistance of the battery itself, not the load to which it is attached. Determine the value of this internal resistance.
A group of students were assigned the task of testing various off the shelf resistors. They were told to gradually increase the voltage across the resistor and measure both the voltage and the current. Unfortunately, they wired the meters in backward and forgot to zero them before taking measurements. The situation is not all that bad, however. Using a spreadsheet program or other similar data analysis software…
- repair the voltage and current data to compensate for the students' errors,
- construct a graph from the repaired voltage and current data, and
- determine the resistance of the resistor to the nearest ohm.


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"LymFlow" is a natural bioavailable supplement that is designed to improve and support the lymphatic system functioning. It actively influences liquid metabolism in the body, helps the detoxification processes, and generally supports the overall health.
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 - - improves liquid metabolism
 - - supports the immune system
 - - activates detox processes
 - - antioxidant
 - - regulates lymph flow
 - - helps the cardiovascular system functioning
How the main ingredients work
Cherry pedicles work in synergy with blackcurrant leaves, they regulate fluids circulation in the organism, stimulate it where necessary and activate the detoxification process, making the organism flush out excess fluids with toxins and wastes. This helps to improve the lymphatic drainage system, improving the state of the immune system.
Hibiscus and parsley natural extracts regulate metabolism on a cellular level, work as antioxidants that protect blood vessels from free radicals and toxins, normalize their permeability. These components are famous for their youth-restoring properties, and have detoxifying effects.
How to use
Specialists recommend taking three capsules of the product daily, during mealtime.
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. Additionally, the totals at the end of the Perth returns note the presence of "14 Indian families," including 41 males and 43 females. The totals of males and females written on the page (not including "Indians"), is 541, the number of persons actually counted in the returns. The census therefore did not include the Native peoples living in the Parish of Perth, a large part of which which had in 1801 been set aside by the Provincial government for members of the Maliseet (Wulustukieg) nation.
Much of the land in Perth was surveyed in 1817 for soldiers who served in the War of 1812. See the page on "Military Settlement Survey" for instructions to the surveyor as well as for a list from 1822 of those soldiers who had been granted land, with links to their places in the 1851 census.
The census taker for Perth, Charles McLauchlan,
turned over the returns on November 8, 1851; the census in Perth was thus probably
conducted over the course of the month of October.
St.Basile. The area in this parish is between
Madawaska and St. Leonard. The census taker, William
D. Kearney, under the column "dwellings", instead of numbering
them listed whether the dwelling was a house or a camp. I have numbered
the dwellings (the numbering is mine, and not in the original) and as you can
see many of them include a number of households. In the "remarks"
column, I have included the information that in the original is under "dwelling."
Kearney turned in the returns around 1 November 1851; he probably enumerated
the inhabitants of St.Basile during the month of October.
St. Francis. The area in this parish seems to be everything west of Madawaska. As with St-Basile, the census taker, William Kearney, under the column "dwellings", instead of numbering them listed whether the dwelling was a house or a camp. I have numbered the dwellings (the numbering is mine, and not in the original) and as you can see many of them include a number of households. In the "remarks" column, I have included the information that in the original is under "dwelling." In addition, the pages as numbered on the microfilm copy seem not to be in the original order of the census taker. For example, stamped page number 3 clearly follows page number 13. I will attempt to reconstruct the original order if possible.
In going through the St. Francis returns from 1851 and comparing them to 1861 and 1871 returns, I've found a number of families who are there in 1851 and 1871 but not in 1861. I am assuming that the 1861 census taker missed those families. Because of this, I have included the location of families who appear in the 1871 census of St. Francis in the annotations (based on Jean-Guy Poitras's book Recensement 1871, Comté de Victoria/1871 Census of Victoria County).
William D. Kearney turned in the returns
of St. Francis on 30 January 1852; the census was thus probably conducted over
the course of the month of January 1852.
St. Leonard. This parish covers the area east of St-Basile down to Andover Parish, in particular the "French Settlement" (now called St.André). As with St.Francis, the census taker, William D. Kearney, under the column "dwellings", instead of numbering them listed whether the dwelling was a house or a camp. I have numbered the dwellings (the numbering is mine, and not in the original) and as you can see many of them include a number of households. In the "remarks" column, I have included the information that in the original is under "dwelling." Kearney swore the accuracy of these returns before the justice of the peace on 12 Sept 1851; he probably enumerated St.Leonard during August and the first half of September.
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Text::Tabs performs the same job that the unix expand(1) and unexpand(1) commands do: adding or removing tabs from a document. Text::Wrap::wrap() will reformat lines into paragraphs. All it does is break up long lines, it will not join short lines together. Text::Fill::fill() will reformat blocks of text into paragraphs. It uses Text::Wrap::wrap() to do the work Install them with: perl Makefile.PL make make test make install


Charlotte layoffs: diet or purge?
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A few months back TQB noted that Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools was laying off teachers while going ahead with plans to bring in new Teach For America recruits. In the wake of those 800+ layoffs, the district has since posted more than 250 job openings, many of them teaching positions.
The district says the new positions are the result of stimulus money. But surely those funds were known before the layoffs were decided, not to mention that creating new positions out of temporary federal dollars violates Basic District Accounting 101.
Recession math can be hard to calculate, but something about this equation just doesn't add up.
It seems more like the district used the recession to give them cover for "layoffs" that were really performance-based dismissals. The district's layoff plan did not completely pass over seniority as a criterion because nontenured teachers--those in their first three years--were the first group targeted. Within that group, though, it was teachers with low evaluations or license issues who got the pink slips.
Why the smoke screen? Because districts will do anything to avoid the firestorm that comes from openly firing teachers--even probationary teachers with poor evaluation ratings.
It shouldn't take a global economic meltdown to get ineffective teachers out of schools.


Re-thinking our "Dollar Store" tuition policy
In a globalized world, where we compete not just with the city or province next door but with institutions, cities and nations on the other side of the planet, we not only face immense challenges, but are offered significant opportunities.
For regions, like Quebec, seeking to succeed in a globalized marketplace, it is vital to develop strategic areas of expertise - clusters of excellence that are recognized as having value on a global scale.
We must, in other words, develop knowledge, products and processes - in key, strategic areas - that will attract global attention.
Strong universities are the cornerstone of such a competitive strategy. They attract financial and intellectual resources from around the world and they provide the expertise and ideas to nourish the clusters that make city and regional economies internationally competitive.
Quebec will succeed by offering products and services that offer extra value. The creativity to imagine these things, the knowledge to design these things, and the partnerships that will market these things, more often than not will emerge from our universities. Highly educated people, with the capacity and drive to innovate, are the key to our future prosperity.
In a knowledge economy, innovation and productivity are directly linked to a plentiful supply of highly skilled workers. How does Quebec stack up? In 2004, the probability of having completed an undergraduate degree was 31 per cent in Quebec, compared with 38 per cent in Ontario and a Canadian average of 33 per cent.
A previous generation of Quebec policy-makers thought low tuition would increase accessibility to universities. But while tuition was frozen, the proportion of our population obtaining a university degree actually stagnated. At the same time, degree completion grew in OECD countries by more than 20 per cent. Our policy of low tuition, while well-intentioned, has caused Quebec to lose ground while other nations have leapt ahead.
So, how do we ensure our universities are the strong, innovative places we need to help power this drive to global success?
Government, industry and universities need to work together to create a dynamic strategy that:
*identifies niches where we can excel internationally;
*targets the talent, actions and investment required to develop critical
mass and quality; and
*defines a strategy to reach out to key regions of the world that need what
we offer.
Here are 10 things Quebec needs to do to strengthen our universities:
1. Work with families and communities to improve high school completion rates among young Quebecers and to foster an expectation that their children can, and will, complete a university education - especially if they are the first in their family to do so.
2. Lift the cap on international undergraduate tuition fees and thereby provide Quebec's universities with financial incentives to recruit full-time international students.
3: Increase funding for international graduate students to compete for the best young talent from across the world. This will provide new sources of talent and income.
4. The Quebec government must quickly advance the money it has committed to address the deferred maintenance in our universities. We must equip our universities with the modern facilities necessary to attract and retain world-class talent.
5. Consistent with its mission, each of our universities must advance its own strategy to maintain and grow teaching and research excellence, in distinctive areas of strategic importance and strength. We must also benchmark the impact of our programs against top relevant peers in Canada and around the world.
6. Universities, businesses, industry and government must target their core distinctive strengths in key areas of advantage for Quebec and Canada. They must also create the partnerships to achieve critical mass and excellence in North America and on the international stage.
7. Universities must continue to improve the effectiveness and transparency of their governance.
8. We must recognize that we pay a heavy price for over-regulation. The Quebec government must diminish - not increase - its bureaucratic control of our universities, while creating incentives for them to respond quickly and effectively to challenges and opportunities.
9. We must suppress our tendency to turn every government program into an equalization effort. We must invest in our most promising areas, which will allow us to develop a critical mass of expertise and research that will stand up to international competition. Funding that is spread thinly can only lead to mediocre results.
10. Finally, at a time when other countries are increasing their investments in higher education, we need a competitive university-funding base from government.
Our universities have a deep public purpose, and so belong to our society as a whole. We must call upon students, families, industry and philanthropists to play their parts. But the first responsibility lies with government which must lead by increasing its funding.
We must find the courage, and political will, to re-think our "Dollar Store" tuition policy - a policy that fosters neither accessibility nor quality and that straightjackets our universities financially.
We have the talent and resources to succeed. But if we are complacent, the world will pass us by.
I know that if we act with urgency, determination and common purpose, we will prevail.
Heather Munroe-Blum is principal and vice-chancellor of McGill University. This article is adapted from an address given to the Montreal Council on Foreign Relations Monday, March 10.
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Flow-based enzymatic synthesis of melatonin and other high value tryptamine derivatives: a five-minute intensified process†
To increase the uptake of biocatalytic processes by industry, it is essential to demonstrate the reliability of enzyme-based methodologies directly applied to the production of high value products. Here, a unique, efficient, and sustainable enzymatic platform for the multi-gram synthesis of melatonin, projected to generate around 1.5 billion U.S. dollars worldwide by 2021, and its analogues was developed. The system exploits the covalent immobilization of MsAcT (transferase from Mycobacterium smegmatis) onto agarose beads increasing the robustness and longevity of the immobilized biocatalyst. The fully-automated process deriving from the integration between biocatalysis and flow chemistry is designed to maximize the overall yields (58–92%) and reduce reaction times (5 min), overcoming the limitation often associated with bioprocesses and bridging the gap between lab scale and industrial production.


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How We Protect Land
Every year the Forest Society helps private landowners conserve thousands of acres through two primary methods:
Permanent land acquisitions become part of the Forest Society's reservation system and are managed for recreation, timber, wildlife habitat, watershed protection and scenery. The protected properties remain on the tax rolls, and most are open to the public. Our reservations range in size from four to 4,000 acres and are located in every part of the state.
- Click here to learn more about our permanent reservations.
- Click here for information on conservation options for landowners.
- Click here to view the Forest Society's Land Protection Policy.
Easements leave the land in private hands for forestry and other conservation purposes while permanently prohibiting mining, subdivision and development. The long-term protection of these lands is ensured through the Forest Society's comprehensive stewardship program.
- Click here to read more about how conservation easements work.


What is an iad in the military
What does the abbreviation IAD stand for?
IADWashington, DC, USA – WashingtonDulles International (Airport Code)
IADIt's a Date
IADImmediate Action Directive
IADInformation Access and Delivery
What does MLAT stand for in the military?
Multilateral Airborne Training
What is a Dor in the military?
Drop On Request, Military acronym for a cadet applying for "voluntary resignation". (
What does OTC mean in the military?
Officers' Training Corps
Why is it called Dulles Airport?
Dulles International Airport was named for the late Secretary of State John Foster Dulles and was formally dedicated by President John F. Kennedy on November 17, 1962 (the airport was renamed Washington Dulles International Airport in 1984).
What does IAD stand for in finance?
Interest Accrual Date
What is MLAT in aviation?
Multilateration ( MLAT ) Overview Using MLAT, FlightAware can take the aircraft's transponder-provided identification and altitude, then determine the latitude/longitude, and provide real-time flight tracking.
What does Charlie Tango Foxtrot mean?
Whiskey Tango Foxtrot may refer to: the expression "what the fuck", using the NATO phonetic alphabet. Whiskey Tango Foxtrot (film), a 2016 film starring Tina Fey.
What does Hotel Sierra mean?
Whats Dor stand for?
DOR — Date Of Release. DOR — Declaration of Readiness to Proceed. DOR — Division of Responsibility. DOR — Department Of Revenue. DOR — Directorate of Resources.
You might be interested: What is 2045 in military time
Does Air Force have OCS?
If you join the Air Force with a college degree already in hand, you'll begin your career with Officer Training School. This rigorous, nine-and-a-half-week program is organized into four phases designed to challenge you both mentally and physically.
What does OCS mean in the military?
Officer Candidate School


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Cataloging Juvenile Collection Materials
Materials for the Juvenile collections in Cook and USMGC will be cataloged to De Grummond standards, since many of these titles will eventually be relocated to the De Grummond Collection. Exceptions: these materials differ from De Grummond books in that they will be barcoded and labeled instead of receiving acid-free slips. New materials must now have plastic covers and dust jackets.
Basic steps in cataloging juvenile materials:
See, Edit Cataloging Procedures for general information on editing bibliographic records. In addition, use the following guidelines for juvenile materials.
1. Check record to see if it matches the book. The main difference from cataloging for the regular collection involves the treatment of printing dates. In the De Grummond standards, each printing of a work receives its own catalog record, provided that the printing is identified by a date distinct from earlier dates of publication. For example:
On t.p. verso: c1956, reprinted 1965
Edition of 1959, 8 th printing, 1970
c1974. Tenth printing
The first two examples would require records for the 1965 and 1970 printings, respectively, instead of using the records for the original dates of publication. For the third example, we would use the record for the 1974 edition; a printing statement not associated with a unique date, or one that explicitly states a printing in the same year as the original date of publication, does not create the need for a new record. Remember that for juvenile materials, unlike other collections, different printing dates cannot be represented on the same record. If you have a record that matches your book except for a different printing date, you will need to find an exact match or give the book to Kathy to create a new OCLC record for the printing you have in hand.
2. If you have a matching record, check the call number. Call numbers need to fit into our shelf arrangement. Juvenile fiction is classed in PZ.
050 LC call no. If changed in any way other than adding a date, the call number must be moved to an 090 field. Some numbers you may encounter that are no longer valid:
PZ3, PZ4-old LC call numbers for adult fiction. These are no longer used. If a work is cataloged as adult fiction, it should be classed in the appropriate literature number (e.g., PS for American literature).
PZ8.7-obsolete LC call number for juvenile humor; now classed in PN.
PZ8.9-obsolete LC call number for miscellaneous stories; now classed in PZ7.
PZ9-obsolete LC call number for history and geography; now classed with subject.
PZ10-obsolete LC call number for science; now classed with subject.
090 Local call no. Supplied by cataloging institution. If we create a call number from scratch or modify an LC call number in any way other than adding the date, it goes in the 090 field. Some numbers to remember:
PZ5-Collections of children's stories by various authors
PZ7-General children's fiction
PZ8.3-Nursery rhymes, stories in rhyme
Call number structure in PZ consists of the first two elements of the call number (PZ7, 8, etc.) plus an author Cutter and a title cutter consisting of the first two or three letters of the first word (except articles) of the title, e.g.:
Author: Gág, Wanda,|d1893-1946
Title: Millions of cats
Call number: PZ7.G121|bMi 1977
When creating a call number, always check our online call number index to fit the number into our existing range. Titles for which we already own other editions should be given the same call number with a different date. Works in a given subject area by the same author should have the same Cutter number. For example, if creating a call number for an animal story by Anne H. White, check our books by White in PZ10.3 to get her author Cutter and to fit your book into the index. Due to the requirements of fitting each author alphabetically into the call number index, an author may have a different Cutter in, for example, PZ 7 than s/he does in PZ8. If you are unsure about which call number to assign, please see Kathy.
3. If you are adding a call number to an OCLC record that doesn't have one, type it in the 090 field. Lock and replace the record in OCLC before editing any other fields in the record.
4. If the 300 field does not include the number of pages, count the pages and supply the total in brackets. Many children's books do not have numbered pages, but for research purposes, we include the number of pages in our records. Example: p.
5. If the book has a series coded 490 0, change it to 440 0. Change author/title series (490 1 /800 combination) to 440 0.
6. If the book indicates the age or grade level of the target audience, include this information in a 521 field, e.g. 521 1 Ages 8 and up.
See Bibliographic Formats and Standards for indicators for this field and how to apply them.
7. If a book is signed by the author, add a 590 field: 590 Cook Library inscribed by the author. (or: USM Gulf Coast Library copy inscribed by the author.)
8. If the record contains children's subject headings (6xx fields with second indicator 1), change the indicator to zero.
9. If the subject headings do not have the "Juvenile" subdivisions, add them as appropriate. Examples:
Cats $v Juvenile fiction. (short stories about cats)
Cats $v Juvenile literature. (nonfiction book about cats as pets)
Cats $v Juvenile poetry. (children's poetry about cats)
Children's stories. (anthology of miscellaneous stories. To add "Juvenile fiction" here would be redundant.)
10. If the book has an illustrator and there is no 700 field for him/her, add one with $e ill. after the name. Example: 700 1 Smith, Anthony B., $e ill.
11. Use the 949 field for Cook Juvenile materials (AltF4) or the Coast Curriculum Lab (F6). Keep separate statistics for juvenile materials (make JUV and CURRLAB columns).


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The area surrounding an isolator/RABS pharmaceutical fill line can be a difficult area to control. There are many functions and moving parts that support the fill operations that occur in the controlled area just outside the controlled area that can greatly impact the process itself. Below are several pitfalls to be aware of that might be thwarting your contamination control efforts if you are currently working with a piece of fill equipment that did not include QbD in the design phase. Additionally, read on to see how these consequences might be reversed with a thorough QbD analysis, even after the fact.
Contamination control considerations for the areas surrounding fill lines designed WITHOUT QbD:
Problem: The Isolator cleanliness grade was classified without a workstudy, and therefore there is not a defendable rationale for clean area classification.
It is difficult to control all contamination entering the filling machine from the primary packaging, ambient environment and operator handling. Depending on the workflow and function of the area, you may be asked to defend your choice of classification by regulatory bodies.
Problem: The flow of materials likely takes the path of least resistance for your facility but may or may not follow the real needs of the process.
The equipment design was determined by ease of engineering or cost, not to the process (yield, duration, and control of the contamination). Consequently, there are now:
- Too many procedures to cover the process flow design gaps
- An increase in extra activities in the surrounding area
- A decrease in production yield due to inefficiencies
- An increase in contamination events due to inefficient materials flow
Contamination control considerations for the areas surrounding fill lines designed WITH a PMS QbD solution:
- Workstudy/process flow evaluation is necessary for a justified & documented determination of the right clean area classification (C or D) for the room.
- A thorough evaluation of material handling by personnel and equipment before it is introduced to the isolator is necessary to establish what is best for the process.
- An evaluation should be performed to determine the best method to introduce materials into the isolator. This might be by conveyor, manual or other method determined to sufficiently limit environmental contamination or that inherent to the incoming materials.
- Evaluation of the positioning of RTP ports, gloves and pass boxes for decontamination
Material Storage and Handling
- An optimization study of material storage (type and quantity) is recommended to control baseline contamination in the area.
- Evaluation of the positioning of RTP ports and gloves for maximum functionality and access to the storage areas.
- A process optimization should be performed to determine the least impactful and most efficient way to move materials out of the area.
- Perform an evaluation of the positioning of RTP ports and gloves for maximum functionality and access to the exiting product.
In the next blog in this series we will examine what cleaning and disinfection on a new fill line looks like with and without QbD implemented at the design phase. These examples come from real-world applications experienced by the Particle Measuring Systems' Advisory Services Team. Our team has over 70 years of collective experience working in and advising cleanroom users around the world.
Click here to learn more about how our Advisory Services Team can help you identify problems and suggest solutions to preserve the high quality of your products and processes.
See links to additional supporting resources below:
On-Demand Webinar: Developing an Isolator Filling Line Using a Quality Risk Management Approach
Corresponding Application Note: Developing an Isolator Filling Line Using a QRM Approach – FAQ's
Want to read more? Jump to other released posts in this series:
Part 1 of 6: Intro and Regulatory
Part 2 of 6: Surrounding Areas (You are here!)
Part 3 of 6: Cleaning and Disinfection
Part 4 of 6: Set up and Process Interventions
Part 5 of 6: Environmental Monitoring
Part 6 of 6: Activity Organization
Don't miss an episode of this series. Register for updates on the right column of this page. Click here to contact our Experts for questions.


Fever 1793 Quiz | Lesson Plans Four Week Quiz A
Buy the Fever 1793 Lesson Plans
Four Week Quiz A
Name: _________________________ Period: ___________________
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Why will Matilda's mother not allow Matilda to take Polly's family food?
(a) Because she wants Matilda to get back to work.
(b) Because she dislikes Polly's family.
(c) Because she wants to sell the food.
(d) Because she is afraid that Matilda will become ill.
2. Who is leaving with Mattie?
(a) Nathaniel Benson.
(b) Mrs. Cook.
(c) Eliza.
(d) Grandfather.
3. Who does Mattie run into while she is out of the house?
(a) A friend of her mother's.
(b) Polly's mother.
(c) Her former teacher.
(d) Nathaniel Benson.
4. Why is Mattie Leaving?
(a) She wants to be the Ogilvie family.
(b) Dr. Kerr says that it is the only way to keep her safe.
(c) She decides that it is the only way she will be safe.
(d) She wants to be with Nathaniel Benson.
5. Where do Mattie and her mother get invited to go?
(a) To a meeting for business owners.
(b) To Polly's funeral.
(c) To have tea at the Ogilvies' home.
(d) To a party at the Oglivies' home.
Short Answer Questions
1. How did Polly die?
2. Where is Mattie allowed to go when she leaves the house?
3. When Mattie's mother inquires about Colette's health what response does she get?
4. Why did Eliza want Mattie to cut her some asparagus grass?
5. Why does Mattie's mother make such a fuss over the invitation?
(see the answer key)
This section contains 327 words
(approx. 2 pages at 300 words per page)
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text:
Date of Award
Master of Science (MS)
Nacir M. Tit
Well logging technique is used to determine the physical and chemical properties of borehole formation, by using neutron porosity oil well logging tools. The present study simplifies logging tool design in order to reduce the time spent on obtaining well logging. We have combined both carbon/oxygen (C/O) tool and thermal neutron porosity tool. This has been done by adding boron lining on the detectors in C/O tool, where the boron lining acts as a thermal neutron porosity tool while maintaining C/O functions simultaneously. The Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) Transport Code, which was originally developed in Los Alamos National Laboratory, is used to investigate the combined tool response. The combined tool is employed to detect the effect of porosity. The effects of several factors, such as (i) the source-to-detector spacing, (ii) borehole salinity, (iii) capture cross section, (iv) boron lining thickness, (v) formation salinity, (vi) borehole salinity, (vii) temperature, and (viii) the casing on the detection sensitivity are investigated. The results show that the number of detected gamma rays is proportional to the porosity. Furthermore, a sensitivity measure (i.e., the sensitivity ratio) is defined and used to characterize the detectors sensitivity to the porosity. The effects of various factors on the sensitivity are studied and the response function is found to be very sensitive to the porosity especially in the domain of low values of it. The temperature factor was only examined to assess its effect on the nucleus speed. However, the results of our simulations showed that the temperature has very little minor effect. Evidently, the tool is sensitive to the porosity while maintaining all the functions of the C/O tool, which suggests that the boron lining can efficiently serve as a replacement of the porosity tool.
Al Muraikhi, Entisar Ali, "Optimization of A Combined Carbon/Oxygen And Neutron Porosity Oil Well Logging Tool" (2017). Theses. 624.


HomeGr. Level Lesson Plans Poem Generators Google Classroom
Graphic Organizers
Google Classroom
iPad Classroom Integration iPad - Mac
Graphic Organizers
Narrative Writing - How I Lost My Tooth
Assignment: Students write a narrative about how they lost a tooth. Students will recount how they lost a tooth using the sequence of "First", "Next", "Then", and "Finally". When you are teaching this, demonstrate how to increase the font size, search for appropriate images, size and position images, and delete images.
Grade 1 +
Write narratives in which they recount two or more appropriately sequenced events, include some details regarding what happened, use temporal words to signal event order, and provide some sense of closure. Common Core Standard: CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.W.1.3
Finished Example - How I Lost My Tooth
Prompt students to write a sequenced story about how they lost their tooth using "First, Next, Then, Finally".
How I Lost My Tooth


text:
Department of Forestry Records Guide
Record Series Descriptions
1944, 1948-50, 1954, _PHONE_
.1 cubic feet
Arrangement: chronological by biennium
Series used to report Forestry Department activities and accomplishments to the Governor. Reports include date, transmittal, and narrative description of activities. Some reports also include illustrations and photographs. Subjects include organizational structure, forest land management, budgets, fire prevention, farm forestry, forest taxation, and department administration.


Geometric Multigrid Methods
Sunday, November 28, 2010 - 9:00am - 10:30am
Keller 3-180
Susanne Brenner (Louisiana State University)
Geometric multigrid methods solve an elliptic boundary value
problem on a sequence of grids generated by a refinement
procedure. They have optimal complexity in the sense that
the computational cost is proportional to the number of
unknowns. In this tutorial we will introduce various
multigrid algorithms (V-cycle, W-cycle, F-cycle, etc.)
and discuss their convergence analysis.


Heater Leaks
Heater Leaks Occur in one of the following areas:
 1.) The Exterior Plumbing:
 Most of the time this can be replumbed just like any plumbing leak. (You can see where this type of heater leak is.)
(The following leaks come from areas that you cannot see, and require disassembly of portions of the heater to pin down.)
 2.) From the Heater Manifold:
 This is the rarest of the leak locations.
 3.) From the Heat Exchanger(s):
 This is the most common leak area. The copper heat exchangers have developed (a) hole(s), and require replacing.
 In almost all cases, repairs in categories #2 and #3 are going to exceed $700-$800 just for the parts involved. Usually the total is $1500 or more. Before you consider these repairs, or even calling a repair tech, read the following for more information on newer heaters or heat pumps: Click HERE You might want to consider other options, including removing the heater altogether.


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Some notes on John Roman's "Race, Justifiable Homicide, and Stand Your Ground Laws: Analysis of FBI Supplementary Homicide Report Data," Urban Institute
1) If you were to do this study right, you would look at the change in justifiable homicides in each state before and after the Stand Your Ground law went into effect. You want to see whether the rate of justifiable homicides in a state changed after that state changed its law. This paper doesn't do that. Instead, it looks across 10 regions, but some of the states in those regions are changing their laws and others aren't. Roman uses what are called year fixed effects, but he isn't using proper geographic fixed effects and that raises a red flag.
2) Roman doesn't know the proper statistical test. Take his Table 3.
The issue isn't whether the coefficients for "white on black" are different from zero. The question is whether the rate in non-stand your ground states is different from stand your ground states. Thus, while 41.14 and 44.71 are statistically different from zero, they are extremely unlikely to be statistically different from each other. Again, the real comparison should be did the rate of justifiable homicides go up in a category in a state after that state changed its law. Making comparisons across states in a region could simply be picking up differences in those states.
Indeed, it is very likely that the coefficients for black on black (10.24 and 9.94) as well as black on white (7.69 and 11.10) are not different between non-stand your ground states and stand your ground states.
In non-Stand Your Ground states, White on black versus Black on White coefficient ratio = 5.34
In Stand Your Ground states, White on black versus Black on White coefficient ratio = 4.03
4) The data in this paper uses justifiable homicides and Stand Your Ground cases are likely to only be a subset of those cases. Ignoring the prior concerns, the question then becomes are you picking changes in justifiable homicides or changes due to Stand Your Ground cases. To further make that point clear, there are huge changes that occur in terms of how the justifiable homicide data are reported across different states over time. While often about 35 states report this data, a large percentage of the jurisdictions in even those states don't report the data. What states and what jurisdictions within those statesreport this data changes dramatically over time. The implication is any changes over time might simply arise from changes in the states or portions of states that are reporting this data.
The biggest problem involves how this data is collected. Police initially report the cases as criminal homicides. If it's later determined to be justifiable, they don't frequently don't go back and recode the data. The problem is greatest for those deaths where the greatest amount of time elapses between the death and it is determined to be justifiable. There is also some evidence that recoding is less likely to occur in the larger urban areas where you are likely to have a greater percentage of crime involving blacks. If so, correcting this bias would produce even larger stronger evidence that blacks are more likely to engage in justifiable homicides. John Barnes, "Justified to kill: Why there are moreself-defense killings in Michigan than anyone knows," MLive, June 12, 2012.
Since many of the data isn't even collected on many justifiable homicides, many of the justifiable homicides in this sample are likely to be falsely labeled as non-justifiable homicides. On top of that, the error is greatest in urban areas, areas where more blacks are likely to have used guns defensively.
The appendix for the paper doesn't appear to understand that many of the states don't collect data on justifiable homicides in every year and that even when they do report some data, not all the jurisdictions within the state collect the data.
5) I don't understand why a regression similar to that reported in Table 4 isn't run on the data in Table 3. Singling out when there is a single victim and single shooter, they are both male, they are strangers, and a firearm is used, but the SHR data used by Roman goes beyond that in ages and region.


Is an archaeological contribution to the theory of social science possible? Archaeological data and concepts in the dispute between Jean-Claude Gardin and Jean-Claude Passeron
Palethnologie 9:7-21 (2017)
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The issue of the definition and position of archaeology as a discipline is examined in relation to the dispute which took place from 1980 to 2009 between the archaeologist Jean-Claude Gardin and the sociologist Jean-Claude Passeron. This case study enables us to explore the actual conceptual relationships between archaeology and the other sciences (as opposed to those wished for or prescribed). The contrasts between the positions declared by the two researchers and the rooting of their arguments in their disciplines are examined: where the sociologist makes use of his philosophical training, the archaeologist relies mainly on his work on semiology and informatics. Archaeology ultimately plays a minor role in the arguments proposed. This dispute therefore cannot be considered as evidence for the movement of concepts between archaeology and the social sciences. A blind spot in the debate, relating to the ontological specificities of archaeological objects, nevertheless presents itself as a possible way of implementing this movement.
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IF ALIENS LANDED THEY WOULD BE THE PROPERTY OF THE STATE!
According to the National Heritage Resources Act, all meteorites are considered protected property of the nation and there are rules regarding what can be done with them
Interestingly, because a meteorite is defined as "any naturally-occurring object of extraterrestrial origin",
this means that if an alien landed in SA he/she/it would become the property of the State.
Should an alien arrive and find that SA did not suit its disposition,
it would not need a passport to leave
but it would have to acquire an export permit from the South African Heritage Resources Agency (SAHRA).


text:
Learn more about how the Thermo Scientific Process 11 Lab-scale 3D Filament Production System optimizes 3D filament product in one continuous process.
Eliminate steps in producing 3D filaments so you can test different material formulations – fast! Equipped with a melt pump, our systems allow precise strand production directly from twin-screw compounding. When you control 3D filament production you can
- optimize prototype features via 3D printing
- get your products to market faster
- respond quickly to customer requests
Learn about the Process 11 Twin-Screw Extruder with Melt Pump for 3D Filaments
See the Process 11 Parallel Twin-Screw Extruder with the attached melt pump and spooler for additive manufacturing applications.


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Three set of test procedures are used: the first only inserts n random integers into the tree / hash table. The second test first inserts n random integers, then performs n lookups for those integers and finally erases all n integers. The last test only performs n lookups on a tree pre-filled with n integers. All lookups are successful.
These three test sequences are preformed for n from 125 to 4,096,000 where n is doubled after each test run. For each n the test cycles are run until in total 8,192,000 items were inserted / lookuped. This way the measured speed for small n is averaged over up to 65,536 sample runs.
Lastly it is purpose of the test to determine a good node size for the B+ tree. Therefore the test runs are performed on different slot sizes; both inner and leaf nodes hold the same number of items. The number of slots tested ranges from 4 to 256 slots and therefore yields node sizes from about 50 to 2,048 bytes. This requires that the B+ tree template is instantiated for each of the probed node sizes!
The speed test source code is compiled with g++ 4.1.2 -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer
The results are be displayed below using gnuplot. All tests were run on a Pentium4 3.2 GHz with 2 GB RAM. A high-resolution PDF plot of the following images can be found in the package at speedtest/speedtest.pdf
The first two plots above show the absolute time measured for inserting n items into seven different tree variants. For small n (the first plot) the speed of red-black tree and B+ tree are very similar. For large n the red-black tree slows down, and for n > 1,024,000 items the red-black tree requires almost twice as much time as a B+ tree with 32 slots. The STL hash table performs better than the STL map but not as good as the B+ tree implementations with higher slot counts.
The next plot shows the insertion time per item, which is calculated by dividing the absolute time by the number of inserted items. Notice that insertion time is now in microseconds. The plot shows that the red-black tree reaches some limitation at about n = 16,000 items. Beyond this item count the B+ tree (with 32 slots) performs much better than the STL multiset. The STL hash table resizes itself in defined intervals, which leads to non-linearly increasing insert times.
The last plots goal is to find the best node size for the B+ tree. It displays the total measured time of the insertion test depending on the number of slots in inner and leaf nodes. Only runs with more than 1 million inserted items are plotted. One can see that the minimum is around 65 slots for each of the curves. However to reduce unused memory in the nodes the most practical slot size is around 35. This amounts to total node sizes of about 280 bytes. Thus in the implementation a target size of 256 bytes was chosen.
The following two plots show the same aspects as above, except that not only insertion time was measured. Instead in the first plot a whole insert/find/delete cycle was performed and measured. The second plot is restricted to the lookup / find part.
The results for the trees are in general accordance to those of only insertion. However the hash table implementation performs much faster in both tests. This is expected, because hash table lookup (and deletion) requires fewer memory accesses than tree traversal. Thus a hash table implementation will always be faster than trees. But of course hash tables do not store items in sorted order. Interestingly the hash table's performance is not linear in the number of items: it's peak performance is not with small number of items, but with around 10,000 items. And for item counts larger than 100,000 the hash table slows down: lookup time more than doubles. However, after doubling, the lookup time does not change much: lookup on tables with 1 million items takes approximately the same time as with 4 million items.


text:
Copyright © 2000 Sarah Phillips CraftyBaking.com All rights reserved.
- Shortened cakes - should remain 10 minutes in their pans, and then unmolded and optionally, turned upright to the wire cake rack.
Cakes baked in rectangular or square pans, jelly roll/sheet and springform pans: many remain in their pans to cool completely. The warm interior of a cake needs a chance to become firm, so any drastic movements jeopardizes its structure. The cake rack allows even air circulation to prevent condensation and sogginess. A spatula or thin knife can be inserted and moved around the edges of the pan to loosen the cake before unmolding it to the cake rack.
- Unshortened or Foam cakes - Sponge cake: unmolded immediately; Angel food and chiffon cake: suspended upside down until cool
This how to baking technique is used with the Frosted Fresh Cherry Cake Recipe Tutorial.
HOW TO TIPS:
1. Take the cake layers immediately from the oven to a wire cake rack and let them sit for 10 minutes. Loosen the sides with a small metal spatula or sharp knife. Invert onto wire cake rack, peel off parchment paper, if using, and place upright with the support of another wire cake rack to cool completely.
SARAH SAYS: A cake layer is fragile when hot when taken right from the oven and will crack easily and fall apart if unmolded too soon from its pan. Letting it sit for 10 minutes in its pan allows it to cool a bit before unmolding, preventing this from happening. If your cooling rack has short legs and sits close to the countertop, condensation easily forms between the two making the underside of the cake wet. So, prop up your cooling rack by placing a same height glass under each corner. Then air can easily circulate around the cake to cool it and no condensation will form.
2. Unmold the second cake layer.


Dungeons and Dragons Wiki
Changes: DnDWiki:Ityak-Ortheel
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Template:Infobox D&D creature
This article is based on material by:
TSR, Inc./Wizards of the Coast
Ityak-Ortheel, commonly called the Elf Eater, is a fictitious creature in the Forgotten Realms setting. It dwells in the Abyss, waiting for the god Malar, the Beastlord, to summon it to Faerûn to destroy life.
Physical descriptionEdit
The Elf Eater is a thirty-foot-tall monstrosity that stands on three enormous, trunk-like legs. Its flesh is tannish-brown, and its midsection is a flat, round blob of flesh with an extremely hard, domed carapace resting atop it. The midsection is surrounded by forty tentacles, each a hundred feet long and lined by large suckers. Ityak-Ortheel can re-grow severed tentacles and legs. It can also instantly reattach a severed leg by holding it to the stump.
On Ityak-Ortheel's underside, protruding from between its three legs, is an enormous maw. The maw is toothless and constantly emits a slurping sound, with wet flaps of skin sucking in and out of the darkness within. The mouth is the color of blood and can expand to a great width or extend downward into a long snout similar to that of an anteater. Within the mouth, hard plates of cartilage constantly grind together. Ityak-Ortheel slowly digests the souls of those it devours, keeping it satisfied and tormenting those whom it devoured. This slow digestion lets the Elf Eater go for hundreds or thousands of years without eating.
Although the Elf Eater has no eyes or ears, it can sense all life within a radius of five miles. This sense can discern what kind of life that it is detecting, allowing Ityak-Ortheel to hunt down the elves it so hates.
Ityak-Ortheel was created early in Abeir-Toril's history. It was spawned from the mingled blood of Gruumsh, the supreme god of the orcs, and Corellon Larethian, the supreme deity of the elves. Ityak-Ortheel came into being in the aftermath of their titanic struggle, and it immediately fled to a deep layer of the Abyss, where it still lives in solitude.
Ityak-Ortheel cannot travel voluntarily between the planes, so it relies on Malar to transport it to the Material Plane to punish the elves, wreaking havoc and destruction.
Ityak-Ortheel once relied on other deities and powerful mortals to transport it from the Abyss. Now that Malar favors it as an instrument of terror, the Elf Eater has begun to visit Faerûn at least once per century, where it rampages around elf communities.
As a result of Ityak-Ortheel's tendency for terrorizing elves, the elves built a portal known as Fey-Alamtine on the isle of Gwynneth in the Moonshae Isles. This portal in the kingdom of Synnoria could be accessed by anyone with a platinum Alamtine triangle; every elf community on Faerûn was given one such triangle. When the Elf Eater attacked, entire elven villages and tribes would retreat to the Moonshaes, often going on to Evermeet from there. This plan worked for centuries; however, in 1365 DR (the Year of the Sword), Malar divined the location of the elves' portal and with the help of Talos the Destroyer sent Ityak-Ortheel through the portal, permanently destroying it. Thus, the Elf Eater rampaged across Gwynneth, the capital city of Chysalis, and the ancient Palace of Ages (Argen-Tellirynd) before being banished back to the Abyss by the human princess Alicia Kendrick of the Ffolk.
Ityak-Ortheel has not returned to Faerûn since its rampage across the island of Gwynneth, but with the reemergence of elves on the continent, some believe another rampage is imminent.
Malarite schemesEdit
A group of Malarites in the Forgotten Forest west of Evereska came across one of the Alamtine triangles that their god used to track down the portal of Fey-Alamtine. They do not understand the triangle's significance and treat it as a holy relic, although it has lost all of its power. The Malarites are led by a cruel half-elf werewolf named Tagress. They worship the triangle and offer it blood sacrifices at least four times every moon cycle, hoping to summon Ityak-Ortheel so that it may destroy the lands of Evereska and its people.
The group feverishly works to find out how the triangle is related to the summoning of Ityak-Ortheel. They kidnap mages and other masters of lore, torture information out of them, and then sacrifice them to the relic.
In response to the group's plots, elven leaders have launched a war against the followers of Malar. The Malarites are waging their own war against the elves in retaliation.
External linksEdit
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Professor Emeritus Stephen Krashen of USC (University of Southern California) has published more than 300 papers as a linguistic researcher. His contributions to the fields of second language acquisition (SLA) and bilingual education are extremely profound.
 Born in Chicago in 1941, Dr. Krashen spent two years in the Peace Corp teaching English to impoverished children in Africa. Returning to the United States, he earned a Ph. D in Linguistics at UCLA (University of California Los Angeles) in 1972.
 He is most famously known for his Theory of SLA, which including 5 hypotheses: Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis, the Input Hypothesis, Monitor Theory, the Affective Filter, and the Natural Order Hypothesis. Dr. Krashen puts great emphasis on the nature of non-English acquistion and a rejection of common beliefs such as the need for "conscious grammatical rules" or "tedious drill."
 Dr. Krashen is a strong proponent of bilingual education, and has written several papers on the topic. He believes that the mastery of second language greatly augments future cognitive development.
cited works: