text:
Whether you're starting out or setting long term goals, a weekly activity diary will help you to stay motivated and keep track of your progress. It's also a great way to establish if you're meeting the current recommendations for physical activity.
Your diary should include: the type of activity, the level of intensity e.g. light, moderate or vigorous and time spent exercising – remember, even 10 minutes of gentle exercise counts to your weekly total.
Guidelines for setting your goals:
- Build up gradually, too much exercise when starting out can affect your motivation and even your health if it's too strenuous.
- Every little bit counts, so even if it's half an hour gardening, be sure to add 'everyday' activities to your weekly diary.
- You should aim for 150 minutes of activity per week, which breaks down into five half hour sessions.
- The golden rule is to do as much as you are able. Remember something is better than nothing. Every little bit counts
If you have any medical conditions or have not exercised in a while then please consult your doctor before participating in a physical activity programme.


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You're missing the point of the analogy.
You said: "Manchus are Chinese. Manchu's soil, of course equal to Chinese soil."
Why can't I say: "Mongols are Chinese. Mongol's soil, of course equal to Chinese soil."
Do you get the logic?
If you can say that all Manchu territory before their formal transformation into a "Chinese" entity is Chinese territory, then one could say that for all of the ethnic minorities in China.
The list could go on and on.
I could very well say: "Russians are Chinese. Russian's soil, of course equal to Chinese soil."
This presents quite an enigma. Russians and Mongols are both official ethnic minorities of China. They are therefore Chinese.
Is it logical to take that one step further and to claim that the histories of these ethnic groups, before becoming Chinese (In the case of Russians never) as a part of Chinese history?
If so, we have a few interesting historical instances.
The Russians were conquered by the Mongols, but later were able to kick the Mongols out of their land, thus gaining independence.
But since Russians and Mongols are both Chinese...The Chinese were conquered by the Chinese, but later on the Chinese kicked the Chinese out of their land, thus gaining independence.
Am I making sense?
Sorry, I made a mistake to say Manchus are Chinese so Manchus soil are Chinese soil. Below is my correction:
The Manchus recieved the mandate of heaven to rule China, so any Manchu's territories are Chinese territories. As for the entire Mongol Empire, only the Emperor of Yuan Dynasty had the mandate of heaven, so Chinese territories are limited to Yuan Dynasty.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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The definition of deem is to believe or judge.(verb)
An example of deem is thinking a child has done something wrong when they have a guilty look on their face.
See deem in Webster's New World College Dictionary
transitive verb, intransitive verb
Origin: ME deman < OE deman, to judge, decree < base of dom, doom
See deem in American Heritage Dictionary 4
verb deemed, deem·ing, deems verb, transitive
Origin: Middle English demen
Origin:, from Old English dēman; see dhēin Indo-European roots.
Learn more about deem


text:
Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome (FPIES) Defined
Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome (FPIES), sometimes referred to as a delayed food allergy, is a severe condition causing vomiting and diarrhea. In some cases, symptoms can progress to dehydration and shock brought on by low blood pressure and poor blood circulation.
Much like other food allergies, FPIES allergic reactions are triggered by ingesting a food allergen. Unlike a typical food allergy, FPIES allergic reactions are delayed, occurring within hours after eating the trigger allergen. Most children with FPIES have only one or two food triggers, but it is possible to have FPIES reactions to multiple foods. FPIES often develops in infancy, usually when a baby is introduced to solid food or formula.
Learn more about FPIES.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Adjectives for affiliation
Affiliation adjectives are listed in this post. Each word below can often be found in front of the noun affiliation in the same sentence. This reference page can help answer the question what are some adjectives commonly used for describing AFFILIATION.
academic, close, closer, cultural, denominational, direct
ethnic, formal, ideological, institutional, linguistic, long
loose, national, natural, new, organizational, other
partisan, personal, political, professional, racial, regional
religious, sectarian, social, spiritual, strong, such
Hope this word list had the adjective used with affiliation you were looking for. Additional describing words / adjectives that describe / adjectives of various nouns can be found in the other pages on this website.
Please add more adjectives to make this list more complete:
Learn More
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text:
Mechanics: Circular Motion and Gravitation
Circular Motion and Gravitation: Audio Guided Solution
A loop de loop track is built for a 938-kg car. It is a completely circular loop - 14.2 m tall at its highest point. The driver successfully completes the loop with an entry speed (at the bottom) of 22.1 m/s.
a. Using energy conservation, determine the speed of the car at the top of the loop.
b. Determine the acceleration of the car at the top of the loop.
c. Determine the normal force acting upon the car at the top of the loop.
Audio Guided Solution
Click to show or hide the answer!
b. 30. m/s/s
c. 1.9 x 104 N
Habits of an Effective Problem Solver
- Read the problem carefully and develop a mental picture of the physical situation. If necessary, sketch a simple diagram of the physical situation to help you visualize it.
- Identify the known and unknown quantities in an organized manner. Equate given values to the symbols used to represent the corresponding quantity - e.g., m = 61.7 kg, v= 18.5 m/s, R = 30.9 m, Fnorm =???.
- Use physics formulas and conceptual reasoning to plot a strategy for solving for the unknown quantity.
- Identify the appropriate formula(s) to use.
- Perform substitutions and algebraic manipulations in order to solve for the unknown quantity.
Read About It!
Get more information on the topic of Circular Motion and Gravitation at The Physics Classroom Tutorial.
- Mathematics of Circular Motion
- Newton's Second Law - Revisited
- Situations Involving Energy Conservation
Return to Problem Set
Return to Overview


From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 (Redirected from Mushroom farm)
Jump to: navigation, search
Wild harvesting[edit]
Due to its climate, the Pacific Northwest of the USA produces commercially valuable mushrooms. Valued species include:[3][4]
Mushroom gatherers have few requirements to begin business. Gatherers only need to supply funds for possible park fees, knowledge for identifying mushrooms and gathering time.
There are significant disadvantages to relying on natural mushroom production. These sales may be unregulated, placing buyers at risk for buying toxic or inedible mushrooms. By honest error, harvests may include toxic or inedible species. No controls exist to regulate the quality or frequency of harvests, since gatherers rely on favorable natural conditions and weather to produce fruiting. Conflicts may arise between competing gatherers trying to harvest from the same location.
State parks in the Pacific Northwest or elsewhere may charge fees for mushroom gathering permits.[5][6] Appalachia also produces edible wild mushrooms, including chanterelles and morels.[7] Pickers may sell directly to distributors, restaurants, or sell their harvest through roadside stands wherever a natural supply of mushrooms is plentiful.
While there may be concern that harvesting wild mushrooms may exploit or damage a natural environment, harvesting wild mushrooms is different from harvesting wild plants, fishing or hunting animals. In these last three cases, removing individuals decreases the ability of a wild population to reproduce, since fewer adults remain. Removing adults leaves fewer individuals capable of reproducing and reduces genetic diversity.
Harvesting wild mushrooms removes only fruiting bodies and their attached spores. However, the fruiting bodies (mushrooms) have likely dropped spores before harvest time, or will likely drop them en route to the harvester's destination, further expanding the fungi's habitat. Arguably, the practice of mushroom harvesting may actually help the species being harvested. While truffles also represent the fruiting body of a larger underground network, they are an exception, since they rely on animal spore dispersion.
Additionally, reproduction and propagation can still occur by propagation of the parent mycelium. Harvesting removes none of the parent mycelium, which remains intact underground.
Outdoor logs[edit]
Mushrooms can be grown on logs placed outdoors in stacks or piles, as has been done for hundreds of years.[8] Sterilization is not performed in this method. Since production may be unpredictable and seasonal, less than 5% of commercially sold mushrooms are produced this way.[9] Here, tree logs are inoculated with spawn, then allowed to grow as they would in wild conditions. Fruiting, or pinning, is triggered by seasonal changes, or by briefly soaking the logs in cool water.[8] Shiitake and oyster mushrooms have traditionally been produced using the outdoor log technique, although controlled techniques such as indoor tray growing or artificial logs made of compressed substrate have been substituted.[9][10][11]
Shiitake mushrooms grown under a forested canopy are considered non-timber forest products[12] In the Northeast shiitake mushrooms can be cultivated on a variety of hardwood logs including oak, American beech, sugar maple and hophornbeam. Softwood should not be used to cultivate shiitake mushrooms. [13] The resin of softwoods will often times inhibit the growth of the shiitake mushroom making it impractical as a growing substrate.[14]
Indoor trays[edit]
Indoor growing provides the ability to tightly regulate light, temperature and humidity while excluding contaminants and pests. This allows consistent production, regulated by spawning cycles.[16] This is typically accomplished in windowless, purpose-built buildings, for large scale commercial production.
Six phases of mushroom cultivation[edit]
Phase Time span Temperature Key points
1. Phase I composting 6–14 days[17] Regulate water and NH3 content through microbial action.
Add fertilizer / additives
2. Phase II composting or pasteurization 7–18 days via composting method, ~2 hours for pasteurization (heat sterilization)[18] Reduce number of potentially harmful microbes through further composting, or apply heat sterilization.
Remove unwanted NH3.
3. Spawning and growth 14–21 days[18] 75°F; to 80°F; must be above 74°F; for rapid growth.[17]
Must be below 80°F; to 85°F to avoid damaging mycelia[18]
Add starter culture.
Allow mycelium to grow through substrate and form a colony.
Depends on substrate dimensions and composition.
Finished when mycelium has propagated through entire substrate layer
4. Casing 13–20 days Promote the formation of promordia, or mushroom pins.
Add a top covering or dressing to the colonized substrate.
Fertilizing with nitrogen increases yields.
Induces pinning
5. Pinning 18–21 days[17] Earliest formation of recognizable mushrooms from mycelium.
6. Cropping Repeated over 7-10 day cycles[18] Harvest
Pinning is the trickiest part for a mushroom grower, since a combination of carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, temperature, light, and humidity triggers mushrooms towards fruiting.[1][2][17] Up until the point when rhizomorphs or mushroom "pins" appear, the mycelium is an amorphous mass spread throughout the growth substrate, unrecognizable as a mushroom.
An ideal substrate will contain enough nitrogen and carbohydrate for rapid mushroom growth. Common bulk substrates include:[16][18]
Pests and diseases[edit]
Parasitic insects, bacteria and other fungi all pose risks to indoor production. The sciarid fly or phorid fly may lay eggs in the growth medium, which hatch into worms and damage developing mushrooms during all growth stages. Bacterial blotch caused by Pseudomonas bacteria or patches of Trichoderma green mold also pose a risks during the fruiting stage. Pesticides and sanitizing agents are available to use against these infestations.[16][22] Biological controls for insect sciarid and phorid flies have also been proposed.[23]
A recent epidemic of Trichoderma green mold has significantly affected mushroom production: "From 1994-96, crop losses in Pennsylvania ranged from 30 to 100%".[24]
Commercially cultivated fungi[edit]
Home cultivated shiitake developing over approximately 24 hours.
9-day old Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium. The structure is a network of millions of interweived threads called hyphae. One can also discern individual spores.
 - Agaricus bisporus, also known as champignon and the button mushroom. This species also includes the portobello and crimini mushrooms.
 - Auricularia polytricha or Auricularia auricula-judae (Tree ear fungus), two closely related species of jelly fungi that are commonly used in Chinese cuisine.
Details of the gill structure of the edible oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus.[25]
Production regions in the United States[edit]
The borough of Kennett Square is a historical and present leader in mushroom production. It currently leads production of Agaricus-type mushrooms,[27] followed by California, Florida and Michigan.[28]
Other mushroom-producing states:[29]
 - East: Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Maryland, New York, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and Vermont
 - Central: Illinois, Oklahoma, Texas, and Wisconsin
 1. ^ a b c d e Chang, Shu-Ting; Chang, S., and Miles, P.G. (2004). Mushrooms, Cultivation, Nutritional Value, Medicinal Effect, and Environmental Impact. CRC Press. pp. 15,17,69,73,139. ISBN 0-8493-1043-1.
 3. ^ David Pilz, Randy Molina, Jane Smith and Mike Amaranthus. "Commercially-Harvested Edible Forest Mushrooms: Productivity and Sustainable Harvest Research in the Pacific Northwest".
 4. ^ Filip, G. (October 1998). "Harvesting and Marketing Edible Wild Mushrooms".
 5. ^ "Washington State Personal Use Mushroom Harvesting Rules". 2006-10-02.
 6. ^ "Mushroom Gathering in the Tripod Fire Area Wenatchee National Forests".
 7. ^ " commercial website".
 8. ^ a b "Cultivating mushrooms in natural logs". Global Village Institute. 1998, 2001.
 9. ^ a b Hill, Deborah B. "Introduction to Shiitake: The "Forest" Mushroom. Kentucky Shiitake Production Workbook." (PDF).
 10. ^ Davis, Jeanine M. "Producing Shiitake Mushrooms: A Guide For Small-Scale Outdoor Cultivation On Logs.". North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service.
 11. ^ "Shiitake and Oyster Mushrooms." (PDF). University of Kentucky College of Agriculture New Crop Opportunities Center.
 12. ^ Mudge, Kenneth. "Forest Farming". The Magazine of the Arnold Arboretum 67: 26–35.
 13. ^ Shiitake Mushroom Cultivation.
 14. ^ Bruhn, J.N.; Mihail J.D. (2009). "Forest farming of shiitake mushrooms: Aspects of forced fruiting". Bioresource Technology 100 (23): 5973–5978.
 16. ^ a b c "


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Dorothea Johnson & Liv Tyler * Potter Style * October 29, 2013 * 176 Pages
Advanced Reader Copy provided through Amazon Vine.
I was surprised to see Liv Tyler's name listed as an author of this book. 493 more words
Whenever most people start out trying to write a journal, day by day, chronologically writing down everything that happens in their life, most of the time they lose interest because they can't keep up with writing every day or they don't want to write more than a sentence or two if that particular day has been boring. 104 more words


WCO BACUDA experts develop and share a neural network model to assist Customs to detect potential fraudulent transactions
19 May 2020
As part of the WCO BACUDA (Band of Customs Data Analysts) project with the Institute of Basic Science (IBS) and the National Cheng Kung University (NCKU), WCO has developed a Dual-Attentive-Tree-aware-Embedded (DATE) neural network model to assist Customs administration to better detect transactions presenting risks of fraud. The DATE model has been accepted by KDD2020[1] Conference (Applied Data Science Track) and will be published in the KDD2020 proceedings as a full paper[2].
The WCO BACUDA project was launched in September 2019 as a collaborative research platform focused on data analytics. With the participation of Nigeria Customs Service (NCS), BACUDA experts successfully developed the DATE model, and have been implementing a pilot test to verify its performance with real-time import data of the two Nigerian ports in Tin Can (in Lagos) and Onne (in Port-Harcourt) since March 2020.
The model employed a cutting-edge Artificial Intelligence (AI) mechanism called "ATTENTION" that is used as a language translation tool and for self-driving cars. Thanks to this innovative technology, the model has outperformed other traditional machine learning models (such as XGBoost) in detecting potential fraudulent transactions. The model noticeably outperforms even with relatively small-sized training data (from countries with low trade volumes) and low inspection rates (from countries with huge trade volumes).
How does the DATE model works?
 - Imagine that you are the head of a Customs Targeting Centre (neural network) composed of 100 risk analysts (decision trees). You want the analysts to report the probability of undervaluation and estimate the additional revenue from the inspection (dual-task).
 - Analyzing 100 different reports in order to make a final decision is a tedious task. Averaging the different predictions will lead to a loss of valuable information that may be hidden in any of the 100 reports. That is where the DATE model becomes handy as it keeps all the information while focusing on more important data. Some of the advantages of the model are:
 - If there are a majority group of reports significantly similar to each other, it allows you to pay more attention to those reports;
 - If you have analysts specialized in specific HS codes and importers of your target (i.e., the given import), you may pay more attention to their reports; and
 - Your final decision will reflect the reports that attract higher attention.
Interested in using the DATE model?
The DATE model is open-source and you can download it from: _URL_
You may extract transaction-level import data from your Customs clearance system and input them into the DATE model. It will provide you, for a given import, the risk of undervaluation and an estimate of additional revenue if inspected.
Technical support
WCO BACUDA experts are developing a user guide/manual of the DATE model, available soon from the WCO webpage. For further customized support, WCO invites Members to contact WCO research unit (_EMAIL_) to organize a joint test of the DATE model with BACUDA experts.
[2] *Sundong Kim, *Yu-Che Tsai, Karandeep Singh, Yeonsoo Choi, Etim Ibok, Cheng-Te Li, and Meeyoung Cha. DATE: Dual Attentive Tree-aware Embedding for Customs Fraud Detection. To appear in Proceedings of ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD). San Diego, CA, USA, August 23-27, 2020. (*: equally-contributed first authors)


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New Orleans, Louisiana
June 26, 2016
June 26, 2016
August 28, 2016
Educational Research and Methods
This work-in-progress provides a preliminary exploration of students' metacognitive monitoring abilities by analyzing written self-evaluations of statics problems. Metacognitive approaches to learning encourage students to examine their own thinking processes as a means of deepening their understanding. We used qualitative coding to analyze students' level of metacognitive awareness regarding both their ability to solve a given problem and their ability to identify sources of error. The full data set includes 10 response sequences (homework solution and student writing about their solution) from 69 students. In this paper, we present the analysis of two of these sequences, one from early and one from later in the semester. The findings show that for both assignments, about half the students recognized their inability to solve the problems correctly, though in both cases the groups were split between those who could accurately identify one or more sources of error and those who could not. This finding points to the need for teaching practices that can help students develop the ability both to accurately assess their performance and, perhaps more importantly, identify sources of error and confusion that can then lead to successful learning.
Goldberg, S. R., & Rich, J., & Masnick, A., & Paretti, M. C., & McCall, C. J., & Lutz, B. D., & McNair, L. D. (2016, June), Examining Students' Metacognitive Awareness Through Analysis of Student-generated Learning Responses Paper presented at 2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, New Orleans, Louisiana. 10.18260/p.26795
ASEE holds the copyright on this document. It may be read by the public free of charge. Authors may archive their work on personal websites or in institutional repositories with the following citation: © 2016 American Society for Engineering Education. Other scholars may excerpt or quote from these materials with the same citation. When excerpting or quoting from Conference Proceedings, authors should, in addition to noting the ASEE copyright, list all the original authors and their institutions and name the host city of the conference. - Last updated April 1, 2015


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- Pitchers have been deceiving batters with tricks and cheats since baseball began.
- Typical cheating tactics include scuffing the ball and putting foreign substances on it.
- Current rules forbid tampering with the baseball at all.
When Tampa Bay Ray's relief pitcher Joel Peralta was ejected from a game last week because there was pine tar on his mitt, he joined a century-long list of Major League baseball pitchers who have done whatever they needed to do to get the upper hand.
From spitballs to scuffed balls, pitchers have been cheating as long as there have been rules.
Whether Peralta's technique actually gave him any edge, though, is up for debate. No one has ever studied the effects of pine tar on the flight of a baseball. And so far, nothing egregious has shown up in Peralta's pitching stats to suggest that his cheating techniques have given him a leg up.
Still, rules are rules, and they exist for a reason. Theoretically, putting any kind of foreign substance on a ball could make it move erratically, confusing and possibly even endangering batters.
"Not being allowed to doctor the ball seems like a sensible rule to me," said Alan Nathan, a physicist at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champagne, and an expert on the physics of baseball. "You can affect the trajectory of the baseball by doctoring it."
There are two main ways to fiddle with a ball, Nathan said. The first is to add lubrication to reduce friction between the ball and the pitcher's fingers. That, in turn, diminishes the throw's natural backspin, making the ball drop more quickly than a normal fastball would. This is what makes the spitball so infamous.
The second category of messing with a baseball is to roughen up its smooth surfaces. Whether scuffed with an emery board or gouged with a fingernail, compromised balls tend to break in the direction of the scratched side.
In the early days of baseball, pitchers were free to do whatever they wanted -- and they did, said Dave Baldwin, a retired Major League baseball pitcher and author of the baseball memoir "Snake Jazz." Tricks included putting licorice on the ball to make it darker and harder for batters to see, sticking pins in the ball, or smudging substances on one side to make the wobble or move strangely.
Then, in 1920, Yankees pitcher Carl Mays threw an extraordinarily hard submarine pitch, which rose from ground level, struck Cleveland Indians batter Ray Chapman in the head, and killed him. Chapman didn't react to the pitch at all. It appeared that he didn't even see it coming.
Chapman's death led to a swift and dramatic shift in the rules of baseball. Pitchers could no longer put foreign substances on the ball or their hands other than rosin, which is an approved powder that helps make sweaty hands less slippery. And when balls got dirty during play, umpires replaced them.
Instead of putting a halt to the cheating, though, the new rules only drove pitchers to get sneakier about their tricks. In the 1960s and 70s, when Baldwin was playing, pitchers used Vaseline to lubricate balls until K-Y Jelly came on the market and became the baseball-moistener of choice. The water-based lubricant evaporated during flight, making it almost impossible for umps to detect.
Other times, pitchers coated the ball with talcum powder, which was white and -- unlike baby powder -- odorless. The powder would fly off in flight, and it could make balls sink more quickly than expected. Pitchers might hide small bits of emery board on their belts or under their caps to sneak on a scuff mark or two. Even today, catchers may intentionally throw a ball that bounces right before a game begins, hoping the umpires won't notice.
Pitchers aren't the only ones who try to cheat, Baldwin added. Batters are notorious for putting cork or metal rods in their bats to change their weight or flexibility. And, because doctored bats are harder to detect than doctored balls, he suspects that batters cheat more often than pitchers do.
To work around the ever-watchful eyes of umpires and TV cameras, modern-day pitchers have turned instead to more innovative forms of pitching. Throws like the split-finger fastball -- which suddenly drops when it reaches the batter -- or the knuckleball, which spins less than a typical ball, are perfectly legal, but they can keep a batter guessing.
As for Peralta's pine-tar trick, the pitcher's motivation remains a mystery.
"Pine tar is very easy to detect," Baldwin said. "It just doesn't make any sense why any pitcher would try to use that."


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Family Council education is one of the primary activities of Family Councils Ontario. Providing educational materials and sessions to Family Council members and long-term care home staff builds the capacity of Family Council members to engage in strong and effective partnerships with long-term care homes and enhance the quality of life for residents.
Family Councils Ontario provides Family Councils with a wide range of information. Our Family Council Handbook "Your Guide to Starting and Maintaining a Family Council" is a rich resource of information and best practices for Councils. Supplements to this handbook are available on a wide variety of topics and can be found in the Resources section. We offer a variety of presentations and workshops to support Family Councils.
We also offer educational sessions throughout the year. These sessions are open to all Family Council members and long-term care staff often join these meetings (as space permits with preference for registration given to Family Council members). These sessions include a wide variety of subjects to keep families informed and are often a response to emerging issues and trends. Recent events have included a presentation on the Ministry of Health's Abuse Decision Trees, a discussion on capacity and consent, and a presentation on Residents First.
Family Councils Ontario also connects with community and government organizations to facilitate knowledge exchange through the development of educational materials and the sharing of information. Visit the Resources or Updates and Events sections to learn more.


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1. Rawhide mallet:
It is a mallet to loosen the pattern in the mould by striking slightly, so that it can be withdrawn without damaging the mould.
2. Gate cutter:
It is a metal piece to the gate the opening that connects tee sprue with the mould cavity.
3. Rapping plate (or) Lifting plate:
It is used to facilitate shaking and lifting large pattern from the mold.
4. Spirit level:
It is used to check that the sand bed, moulding box or table of moulding machine is horizontal.
Clamps are used to hold the cope and drag of the complete mould together so that the cope may not float or rise when the molten metal is poured into the mould.
6. Gaggers (or) Lifters:
These are iron rods bent at one or both ends. These are used to reinforce the moulding sand in the top portion of the moulding box and for supporting hanging sand.
7. Moulding box:
Sand moulds are prepared specially constructed boxes called the moulding boxes or flasks. The function and construction of a molding box have already been described.
8. Moulding flasks:
1. Snap flask
2. Tapered slip flask
3. Box flask (or) Tight flask
4. Wooden flask


Let us introduce our postural screening programme to you. This is a new service offered by Marbles Movement and Learning to make children and adults with postural problems aware of the issues present, and to provide advice and guideance regarding the available treatment options.
Why should we arrange a screening?
According to statistics between the age of 6-8 approximately 1 in a 1000 children is affected by mild scoliosis. This increases to 3 in a 1000 in the age group 9-11 and 1,2 in a hundred between the age of 12-14. This is clear evidence that early diagnosis helps to prevent the development of more serious postural complications in adolescence.
When should the screening start?
The earlier the better. Scoliosis and other postural anomalies can be diagnosed as early as infancy. Early diagnosis can improve chances of a better outcome using nonsurgical treatment. As we are talking about the deformities of the vertebral column and the ribcage we have a limited time available. We have to address the problems before bone growth of the individual finishes and the bones lose their plasticity and flexibility.
The screening procedure aims to spot the following spinal problems:
- Deformities in the saggital plane: negligent posture, Scheuermann's Disease, hyperlordosis
- Deformities in the frontal plane - Scoliosis
o Functional deformities
o Structural deformities: idiopathic scoliosis, congenital scoliosis, neuromuscular scoliosis
How long is the screening procedure?
The screening normally takes only about 1-2 minutes for each individual.
What happens after the screening?
If an individual is suspected to be subject of any of the conditions mentioned above we invite him/her (and the parents) for an initial consultation where we carry out additional tests and we provide advice regarding further steps.
What treatment options can Marbles offer?
Our specialised therapists offer the following services:
1. Body awareness programme for classes
2. Negligent posture management groups
3. 1:1 Schroth Therapy
Please feel free to contact _EMAIL_ for more information.


text:
Collections Containing This Resource
Ohio Science Academic Content Standards (2002)
Analyze plant and animal structures and functions needed for survival and describe the flow of energy through a system that all organisms use to survive.
National Science Education Standards
Populations and ecosystems (Grades 5 - 8)


Vowel insertion in Scottish Gaelic
PHO Aug 14Post written by Michael Hammond, Natasha Warner, Andréa Davis, Andrew Carnie, Diana Archangeli and Muriel Fisher,University of Arizona
Based on an article recently published in the journal Phonology
Scottish Gaelic has a process whereby a vowel is inserted into a hetero-organic cluster when the preceding vowel is short, the first consonant is a sonorant, and the second consonant is not a voiceless stop, e.g. arm'army' /arm/ ->[aram], seanmhair'grandmother' /ƪɛnvɛr/ -> [ɛnɛvɛr], etc.
These have been cited as instances of excrescent vowels (Hall, 2006). One of the defining properties of such vowels is that they are phonologically inert and are not motivated by-nor do they contribute to-the syllable structure of a language. The basic idea is that excrescent vowels are essentially gestural transitions from one segment to another, without phonological motivation or consequence.
In this paper, we report on a series of six experiments tapping into native speakers' intuitions of syllable structure in Scottish Gaelic. Our first two experiments tap into whether subjects can distinguish items with inserted vowels from those without. The general result here is that they can.
Experiments #3 and #4 ask subjects to give the number of syllables in a word, either by counting (#3) or by knocking (#4). These show that there is indeed a difference between words with inserted vowels and those without. Interestingly, the results show that inserted vowels are distinct from non-inserted vowels, they are not the same. They contribute significantly to the syllable count, but not as much
as a non-inserted vowel. Finally, experiments #5 and #6 tap into whether the syllabification of intervocalic consonants is affected by the insertion status of the following vowel. Our results show that it is indeed. In general terms, when the following vowel is inserted, the consonant is less likely to affiliate to the left, than to the right.
Our results suggest that the inserted vowels of Scottish Gaelic are not phonologically inert. These vowels contribute significantly and directly to native speaker intuitions, affecting both the number of syllables and the affiliation of consonants to those syllables. Thus, insofar as intuitions about syllable count and the syllabification reflect phonological structure, the inserted vowels of Scottish Gaelic are part of the phonology. However, our results also establish that the relevant vowels have an intermediate phonological status, distinguishing them from underlying vowels as well.
Read the full article 'Vowel insertion in Scottish Gaelic' here.
1 comment to Vowel insertion in Scottish Gaelic
 - alexander macrae
 This is very interesting – when working in Madrid, a colleague from Galicia mentioned that they had the same feature – in the case under discussion, as children we would say 'arum' for arm.
 Furthermore, I heard a well-known speaker from the Lebanon, on Radio 4, exhibiting the same trait.
 If it is learned behaviour then it is learned as a very young child from other young children – in my village, saying "arum" for 'arm' would be regarded by adults as not speaking properly. As a child, however, we would regard it as the proper way to say arm.
 I believe that its basis lies in something like physiological efficiency between phonemic transitions.
 One common but perhaps less well-known example from my childhood would be pronouncing 'door' as "doar"
 None of us were Gaelic speakers, as such, We conversed in English. However, it does exist in Gaelic, as you have so well researched.
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Dentipet Toothpaste for Dogs and Cats
Dentipet Toothpaste for dogs and cats is an exclusively developed pet's toothpaste for daily dental care. The spill-free formulation helps clean teeth and prevents plaque build-up. It stops bad breath and keeps mouth fresh. Dentipet strengthens teeth and keeps gums healthy. It helps prevent dental health conditions and ensures complete oral hygiene in dogs and cats.
Suitable for use on:
Dogs and catsManufacturer


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Today's competitive economy has forced millions of workers to think and behave like entrepreneurs. Thousands of African American women are using this opportunity to start up their own businesses. Innovative women are driving the small business revolution and achieving their dreams at the same time.
The 2007 Survey of Business Owners revealed that over 900,000 African American women identified themselves as small business owners. Spurred by the economic difficulties of the recession, the number of female entrepreneurs has continued to rise over the course of the last several years. This trend is bound to continue, for the Guardian Life Small Business Research Institute predicts that female-owned small businesses will account for one-third of all new jobs added to the economy by 2018.
Black women may be leading the way in the small business revolution, but they still face a number of unique challenges. For example, while women own roughly one-third of small businesses, they receive a much smaller slice of the pie in terms of federal government dollars. In 2006, female small business owners received only 3.4 percent of federal dollars offered to entrepreneurs. The good news is, since then, the Small Business Administration (SBA) has instated a 5 percent procurement program for small businesses owned by women.
There are additional avenues that struggling minority business owners may be able to take in order to allow their new businesses to thrive. Many find that obtaining classification as a disadvantaged business owner works wonders when it comes to procuring aid. Those eligible for classification as small disadvantaged businesses (SDBs) or disadvantaged business enterprises (DBEs) are required to complete Statements of Disadvantage. This requirement affirms that applicants are, indeed, members of disadvantaged groups. Black women, of course, have no trouble fulfilling this requirement, as they possess minority status in terms of both race and gender.
In addition to qualifying as SDBs and DBEs, businesses owned by African American women can also receive classification as Women Owned Small Businesses (WOSBs). Those struggling to get by will find this a viable option. Applicants must come from small businesses in which at least 51 percent of ownership involves economically disadvantaged women. For the purposes of this program, the Small Business Administration defines economically disadvantaged as having a personal net worth of less than $750,000. Women able to prove a net worth below this level may have improved access to the loans necessary to get their businesses off the ground.
Getting by can be difficult in such a stagnant economy. However, with new Small Business Administration programs available for disadvantaged populations, more black women can now leave behind both the unemployment line and the jobs providing them with little to no life satisfaction. Starting up a small business is the perfect way to pursue one's true passion while also revitalizing the economy. And, as hundreds of thousands of black women have already proven, with grit and determination, the dream of owning a small business can become a reality.


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Long term vision for the future
Our native red squirrel populations are secure and have expanded beyond their current strongholds. Our woodlands are flourishing and can continue to deliver multiple benefits for future generations
The UK Squirrel Accord consists of 32 leading woodland, timber industry and conservation organisations in the UK. It was created at the invitation of HRH Prince Charles – who had the aim of bringing a concerted and coordinated approach to securing the future of our red squirrels and woodlands, and to controlling the introduced grey squirrel.
Why control grey squirrels?
Grey squirrels need controlling because they are causing major economic, social and environmental damage to the broadleaved woodlands of the United Kingdom.
The grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) was introduced to the UK from North America in 1876 and its population has grown rapidly since then.
The problem of grey squirrels was first recognised in 1930 when a law was passed making it illegal to release a grey squirrel into the wild. Today it is estimated that could be as many as 3 million grey squirrels in the UK and this number continues to grow.
Forest damage and the impact on the UK's woodland industry
Grey squirrels damage our forests by stripping bark from trees' main trunks (at the base and up in the canopy) and branches. When they strip a complete ring of bark around the tree, it will kill the tree.
The impact of grey squirrels on red squirrels
This colonisation has had devastating consequences for our native red squirrels as the grey squirrels were first introduced to England from North America in 1876 as an ornamental species to populate the grounds of stately homes. Around 30 separate introductions occurred until 1930 when the damage caused by the grey squirrel was recognised and it was made illegal to release a grey squirrel to the wild. Grey squirrels have rapidly spread and colonised much of mainland England with detriment to our native red squirrel.
The most significant threat associated with grey squirrels is the spread and transmission of a disease called squirrelpox virus (SQPV). It can take only one grey squirrel to introduce this virus to a local population of red squirrels and then the virus can spread throughout the reds with devastating effect. Where a grey squirrel introduces SQPV, red squirrel population decline has been observed at between 17-25 times quicker than through competition alone.
The Squirrel Accord commitment to the future
Our commitment to the effective and targeted control of grey squirrels and the protection of red squirrels will be achieved through the following key areas. Ensuring the public understand the importance of our work. Communicating to the public through platforms such as engaging with Landowners and local groups. Working with and building on existing partnerships to ensure that all relevant landowners are aware of the impact of grey squirrels. Offering practical support and advice on grey squirrel management. A long term commitment to practical action and scientific research, ensuring our work is in line with available national research and guidance, developing and trialling innovative control methods, research and monitoring, developing a series of case studies highlighting exemplary management, coordination and communication and so bringing groups together to ensure they work effectively and to a common purpose


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Instead of training high school students for specific careers, provide "career-relevant" education, writes Dana Goldstein.
... we don't want to limit working class kids to these often low-skills, low-pay jobs. Instead, we should advocate for more creative curricular connections between school and various places of employment.
At Tech Valley High outside Albany, every student pursues an internship in January, reports The Nation.
This year, one teen shadowed an Amtrak engineer riding the Northeast Corridor; another interned at a local graphic design firm.
The flexibility of Tech Valley's career curriculum—students can choose an internship that matches their interests, from baking to computer coding to marine biology—goes a long way toward scrubbing away the stigma of CTE as the "slow track" for working-class kids with few options. Every academic subject at Tech Valley is organized around projects intended to introduce teenagers to potential occupations. A history class worked alongside local attorneys to put Christopher Columbus and other European explorers on mock trial for decimating Native American populations. For a unit on pH levels, biology students worked with employees of the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation to collect Hudson River water samples and test whether the river was safe for swimmers.
Students can see how classroom learning can be used in the world of work, without being limited to a specific occupation, Goldstein writes.


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Workers Are From Venus, Elitists Are From Mars - VENUS RISES Ch. 1
Published on
Venus Rises: Exordium Chapter 1
Conceived and Written by J.G. Birdsall
Illustrated by Thomas Garbarini
As the Earth neared becoming inhabitable, corporations came together and assumed control of the government. These Mega-Corps set up mining operations on the moon before the elite left Earth and colonized Mars. Demand for resources remained high, and once the moon's resources had been depleted, the miners were sent to Venus with the promise they could one day join the new Martian society. That promise has not been kept, and Venus has declared its independence. Now, civil war looms on the horizon.
The first few pages contain a timeline of preceding events. This is the first occasion where a timeline actually got me excited for a series of any kind. Normally they're completely dry and factual. This one actually sets up the story to come. As such, it also marks the first time I've actively hoped for a flashback in a comic book. There were many events listed on the timeline that would be awesome to see in a graphic format. Furthermore, the timeline also presents several events that add an air of mystery to the story as well, adding to the level of anticipation the reader has before even starting the actual story. This is just the first of several small touches that set this comic book apart from others of its kind. Each setting in the story is described with a blurb that details that location's information. This includes the details of planets (mass, year length, number of moons, etc..) and specifics of various ships and bases (owner, weight, length, etc..).
Once the actual story begins, it is told from two different perspectives. That of the crew of the salvage ship Cattywampus and from the point of view of Hollister Pelt, an employee of the Shirokawa Mega-Corp. The crew of the Cattywampus has been doing their best to stay out of the conflict between Venus and Mars. Meanwhile, Pelt has stumbled upon information that may help save his floundering employer. Birdsall does a great job of giving the reader small details about the characters without revealing too much. This leads to a great build up of tension and foreshadows motivations that may come into play in later chapters of the story.
Although there is dialogue when necessary, I love that so much of the story is told purely through visuals. This lets the reader experience the world Birdsall and Garbarini have created without having to focus on following a written narrative. Garbarini uses a lot of background detail that gives the story a high level of richness. The reader doesn't have to be told through dialogue or narration that the ship is in disrepair, they can draw that conclusion for themselves by taking in the artwork. I really liked that the characters are drawn to look like actual people. I did find it odd that there are times when the characters stand out from the background in a jarring way, almost forcing the eye to either look at the characters or the scene around them. Garbarini's illustration style has an animated look to it. I think the discrepancy in coloring between characters and background may be a result of his style being presented in static images. In any case, I eventually got used to it as I read further into the comic.
Venus Rises is a very intimate and human-centric story that just so happens to be set in space. Although there is potential for grander scale events, this isn't some galaxy spanning space epic, which I found really refreshing. It's a unique take on a Science-Fiction adventure that has elements of a character study. This first chapter sets the stage for what promises to be a fun interplanetary saga. The first two chapters of this independently published series are available now, with a third in production.
Writing: 5 / 5
Art: 4.5 / 5
OVERALL: 4.8 / 5


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Countering the 'deadliest of foes': public houses of the Central Control Board and the State Management Scheme, 1916-73
Author(s): Clare Howard
At the height of the war in 1916, the excessive consumption of alcohol amongst workers was considered to be having a debilitating effect on the war effort, forcing the Government to take control of public houses in selected areas of the country. In order to discourage insobriety and poor behaviour, which in turn led to high rates of absenteeism at the factories, these public houses were remodelled or reconstructed and became models of the new improved inns, influencing public house design across the country. This report, which forms part of wider national projects looking at 20th-century (post-1918) public houses, presents the results of an assessment covering a selection of public houses remodelled or reconstructed under the auspices of the Central Control Board for Liquor Traffic (CCB), later the State Management Scheme (SMS), between 1916 and 1971. It is intended that the report provide further information and raise awareness of the significance of this vulnerable building type, as well as some of the conservation issues facing pubs generally.
- Report Number:
- Research Report
- Building Recording Standing Building Building Investigation First World War Post-War Second World War Assessment Inter-War Public House


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Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article
|Journal publication date||11/2010|
|Number of pages||6|
Most synthetic materials that show molecular-scale porosity consist of one-, twoor three-dimensional networks. Porous metal-organic frameworks in particular have attracted a lot of recent attention. By contrast, discrete molecules tend to pack efficiently in the solid state, leaving as little empty space as possible, which leads to non-porous materials. This Perspective discusses recent developments with discrete organic molecules that are porous in the solid state. Such molecules, which may be either crystalline or amorphous, can be categorized as either intrinsically porous (containing permanent covalent cavities) or extrinsically porous (inefficiently packed). We focus on the possible advantages of organic molecules over inorganic or hybrid systems in terms of molecular solubility, choice of components and functionalities, and structural mobility and responsiveness in non-covalent extended solids. We also highlight the potential for 'undiscovered' porous systems among the large number of cage-like organic molecules that are already known.


Los Alamos National Laboratory
Periodic Table of Elements: LANL
Back to Elements List
Osmium is used to produce fountain pen tips. Osmium is used to produce fountain pen tips.
Atomic Number: 76 Atomic Radius: 216 pm (Van der Waals)
Atomic Symbol: Os Melting Point: 3033 °C
Atomic Weight: 190.2 Boiling Point: 5012 °C
Electron Configuration: [Xe]6s24f145d6 Oxidation States: 3, 4
Discovered in 1803 by Tennant in the residue left when crude platinum is dissolved by aqua regia.
Osmium occurs in iridosule and in platinum-bearing river sands in the Urals, North America, and South America. It is also found in the nickel-bearing ores of Sudbury, Ontario region along with other platinum metals. While the quantity of platinum metals in these ores is very small, the large tonnages of processed nickel ores make commercial recovery possible.
The metal is lustrous, bluish white, extremely hard, and brittle even at high temperatures. It has the highest melting point and the lowest vapor pressure of the platinum group. The metal is very difficult to fabricate, but the powdered or spongy metal slowly gives off osmium tetroxide, which as a powerful oxidizing agent and has a strong smell. The tetroxide is highly toxic, and boils at 130°C.
Density measurements show osmium to be a a little more dense than iridium, and osmium is often cited as the heavier element. However, calculations of the density from the space lattice, which may be more reliable than these measurements, give a density of 22.65 for iridium compared to 22.61 for osmium. According to IUPAC, because of this apparent contradiction, no decision has been made as to which is heavier.
Concentrations in air as low as 107 g/m3 can cause lung congestion, skin damage, or eye damage. Exposure to osmium tetroxide should not exceed 0.0016 mg/m3 (8-hour time weighted average - 40-hour work week).
The tetroxide has been used to detect fingerprints and to stain fatty tissue for microscope slides. The metal is almost entirely used to produce very hard alloys with other metals of the platinum group for fountain pen tips, instrument pivots, phonograph needles, and electrical contacts.


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Reviewed by CBC Reviewer
After reading this NSTA/CBC Outstanding Science Trade Book for 2011, it will be impossible to smell the roses without first counting their petals! The photos, text, and graphic design all make this big and beautiful book on Fibonacci numbers in nature ideal to share with students of all ages.
Using photographs of natural objects, simple text, and labeled photographs to increase clarity, the author shows readers that many flowers and other natural objects display Fibonacci's sequence—1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, and even more! The graphics are artfully designed to highlight those patterns in more complex objects like pine cones, pineapples, and shells.
It is clear that nature is ordered by mathematics; students will find the integration both natural and fascinating. There's a glossary, acknowledgements, and a section at the end offering "More about Fibonacci Numbers."
Review posted on 3/20/2011


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] The Earth has become significantly greener over the past
] two decades, the result of climate changes that have
] furnished plants with more heat, light, water and carbon
] dioxide, according to a new Science magazine report.
] The overall plant bulk went up about 6 percent over much
] of the planet, with spikes in the tropics and high
] latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere accounting for 80
] percent of the gains, researchers said.
Good news. Too bad the rain forests continue to be clear-cut for live stock. :/
Climate changes making planet greener


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Phonics Pack – 'All about c'
Help your child reinforce their knowledge of each sound, in a fun way that suites them. Each pack is full of beautiful illustration based activities that have been specifically designed to help your little one to recall and use the sounds that they have learnt. These 'talking' based sheets work based when you chat alongside your child – asking them to do this same, as this will help them to hear and recognise the sounds in each word and picture.
Each downloadable pack comes complete with a double-sided parent support card, to help you feel super confident when teaching each sound.
You'll find videos complementing each pack, and examples of exactly how to pronounce each sound on our Youtube Channel The Enchanted Nanny.


Tropic Armor
a child rubbing her eyes due to the sun while traveling
Can My Car Window Tint Block Dangerous UV Rays?
While it's common knowledge that prolonged UV exposure is highly dangerous, most people think it only counts when you're outdoors in the direct sunlight. However, the fact is that UV rays can penetrate through windows and contribute to premature aging and skin cancers.
In fact, studies show that drivers in the U.S. have a higher chance of developing skin cancer on the left side due to sun exposure while driving. Sun exposure can be damaging not just to the drivers but also compromises the safety of other occupants, including children and pets.
To prevent unnecessary UV exposure while traveling in your car, here's what you should know.
Why are UV rays harmful?
UV rays can penetrate multiple skin layers and cause damage on a cellular level, leading to signs of premature aging, such as wrinkles, leathery skin, and dark sports. According to the Skin Cancer Foundation, UV rays are responsible for the majority of all skin cancers. They are also responsible for eye damage, including eyelid cancers and cataracts.
Clear car windows increase the risk of UV exposure significantly, especially since many people don't take necessary precautions against sunburns when in a car.
How can auto window tinting help?
Car window tints are specifically designed to reflect or absorb sunlight, preventing them from entering your car. Many tinting products are designed to absorb up to 99 percent of UV rays, which is why its recommended by the Skin Cancer Foundation as part of a comprehensive skincare program.
pet dogs traveling in a car with tinted windows
Do all window tints provide UV protection?
Unfortunately, not all auto tints are designed to prevent UV rays. In many cases, car window tints are entirely cosmetic and don't protect against UV rays. If you're looking to protect against UV rays, it's essential to choose tint films that have UV-blocking capabilities.
Get Reliable Auto Window Tinting Services
Florida is well-known for its oppressive summer heat. Protect yourself and your loved ones from sun exposure while traveling by choosing our reliable window tinting services.
At TropicArmor, we offer a wide range of services, including auto window tinting and residential tinting in Bonita Springs and Naples, Florida. We also offer several tint films with UV protection capabilities.
For more information, call _PHONE_ or book our services online.
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The Museum of Material Memory is a digital repository of material culture of the Indian subcontinent, tracing family histories and social ethnography through heirlooms, collectibles and objects of antiquity. It's premise is to promote the preservation of material memory infused within objects and further advance the knowledge and appreciation of it as a significant resource in understanding culture and civilization. The objects in the Archive are from or before the 1970s.
By exploring the notion of the collected or preserved object from a certain moment in time, we can attempt to gather insight into the moment of time itself. Using the object as nucleus, the project thrives on the contributions from people all over the world. Through storytelling, each post on the Archive reveals not just a history of objects and the people they belong to, but also unfolds generational narratives about the tradition, culture, customs, conventions, habits, language, society, geography and history of the vast Indian subcontinent.
It was co-founded in 2017 by Aanchal Malhotra and Navdha Malhotra.


It's often useful to be able to identify the effects of specific provisions individually and not just the overall impact of a proposal with many provisions. Indeed, when revenue estimates of tax law changes are reported (such as this JCT analysis of the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021), they are typically reported on a provision-by-provision basis. Finding the provision-by-provision revenue estimates is cumbersome with the Tax-Brain web application both because it's hard to iterate over many provisions and because the order matters when stacking estimates, so that one needs to keep this order in mind as parameter values are updated for each additional provision in a full proposal.
In the PSL Demo Day on April 5, 2021, I show how to use the Python API of Tax-Calculator to efficiently produce stacked revenue estimates. In fact, after some initial setup, this can be done with just 12 lines of code (plus a few more to make the output look nice). The Google Colab notebook that illustrates this approach can be found at this link, but here I'll walk through the four steps that are involved:
 1. Divide up the full proposal into strings of JSON text that contain each provision you want to analyze. My example breaks up the Biden 2020 campaign proposal into seven provisions, but this is illustrative and you can make more or less provisions depending on the detail you would like to see.
 2. Create a dictionary that contains, as its values, the JSON strings. A couple notes on this. First, the dictionary keys should be descriptive of the provisions as they will become the labels for each provision in the final table of revenue estimates we produce. Second, order matters here. You'll want to be sure the current law baseline is first (the value for this will be an empty dictionary). Then you specify the provisions. The order you specify will likely affect your revenue estimates from a given provision (for instance, expanding/restricting a deduction has a larger revenue effect when rates are higher), but there are not hard and fast rules on the "right" order. Traditionally, rate changes are stacked first and tax expenditures later in the order.
 3. Iterate over this dictionary. With a dictionary of provisions in hand, we can write a "for loop" to iterate over the provision, simulating the Tax-Calculator model at each step. Note that when the Policy class object in Tax-Calculator is modified, it only needs to be told the changes in tax law parameters relative to its current state. In other words, when we are stacking provisions, estimating the incremental effect of each, you can think of the Policy object having a baseline policy that is represented by the current law baseline plus all provisions that have been analyzed before the provision at the current iteration. The Policy class was created in this way so that one can easily represent policy changes, requiring the user to only input the set of parameters that are modified, not every single parameter's value under the hypothetical policy. But this also makes it parsimonious to stack provisions as we are doing here. Notice that the JSON strings for each provision (created in Step 1) can be specified independent of the stacking order. We only needed to slice the full set of proposals into discrete chunks, we didn't need to worry about creating specifications of cumulative policy changes.
 4. Format output for presentation. After we've run a Tax-Calculator simulation for the current law baseline plus each provision (and each year in the budget window), we've got all the output we need. With this output, we can quickly create a table that will nicely present our stacked revenue estimate. One good check to do here is to create totals across all provisions and compare this to the simulated revenue effects of running the full set of proposals in one go. This check helps to ensure that you didn't make an error in specifying your JSON strings. For example, it's easy to leave out one or more provisions, especially if there are many.
I hope this provides a helpful template for your own analysis. Note that one can modify this code in several useful ways. For example, within the for-loops, the Behavioral-Responses can be called to produce revenue estimates that take into account behavioral feedback. Or one could store the individual income tax and payroll tax revenue impacts separately (rather than return the combined values as in the example notebook). Additional outputs (even the full set of microdata after each provision is applied) can be stored for even more analysis.
In the future, look for Tax-Brain to add stacked revenue estimates to its capabilities. It'll still be important for users to carve up their full list of policy changes into sets of provisions as we did in Steps 1 and 2 above, but Tax-Brain will then take care of the rest behind the scenes.


Executive VP and Chief Technology Officer
As Chief Technology Officer at Route1, Yamian Quintero leads the teams responsible for developing a number of core technologies for Route1 MobiNET and other related products and services.
He is also responsible for expanding the company's intellectual property portfolio. Quintero brings over 10 years of information security experience in the fields of cryptography, identity management, security protocols and smart card technology.
Prior to joining Route1, Quintero was a senior cryptographic developer with Kasten Chase Applied Research. In this role, he was the lead cryptographic engine developer and played a key role in developing a hardware-based cryptographic accelerator. Previously, Quintero held positions as systems architect, project leader, and security researcher responsible for designing and implementing a public key cryptosystem that is used today by a national certification authority. Quintero acquired extensive knowledge in the use and deployment of smart cards, and was involved in the development of a toll collection and electronic purse system. Among Quintero's innovative academic assignments is the development of an automatic theorem proof in the graphs theory field. Quintero has written articles on smart card technologies and cryptographic techniques that have appeared in numerous journals and trade publications.


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You are watching: Select the correct definition for termination step.
Make specific that you deserve to specify, and usage in conmessage, the key terms below.chain reactivity initiation action propagation action radical substitution termination step
A radical substitution reaction is a reaction which occurs by a free radical system and results in the substitution of one or more of the atoms or teams existing in the substrate by various atoms or teams.
The initiation step in a radical chain reactivity is the action in which a cost-free radical is initially created. A termicountry step of a radical chain reactivity is one in which 2 radicals react together in some way so that the chain can no much longer be propagated.
While radical halogecountry of exceptionally basic alkanes deserve to be an efficient artificial strategy, it cannot be employed for bigger even more complex alkanes to yield particular alkyl halides, considering that the reenergetic nature of radicals always leads to mixtures of singleand also multiple-halogenated products.
The Three Phases of Radical Chain Reactions
Because of their high retask, free radicals have actually the potential to be both incredibly effective lutz-heilmann.infoical tools and also incredibly harmful contaminants. Much of the power of free radical species stems from the organic tendency of radical procedures to take place in a chain reaction fashion. Radical chain reactions have 3 distinct phases: initiation, propagation, and also termicountry.
The initiation phase describes the action that initially creates a radical species. In many situations, this is a homolytic cleavage occasion, and also takes place extremely seldom because of the high power obstacles connected. Often the influence of warmth, UV radiation, or a metal-containing catalyst is essential to get rid of the energy obstacle.
Molecular chlorine and also bromine will certainly both undergo homolytic cleavage to develop radicals when subjected to heat or light. Other functional groups which also tend to form radicals when exposed to warm or light are chlorofluorocarbons, peroxides, and the halogenated amide N-bromosuccinimide (NBS).
See more: How Many Days Are There In A Fortnight? Why Does A Fortnight Have 14 Days
The propagation phase describes the "chain" component of chain reactions. Once a reactive cost-free radical is created, it have the right to react through stable molecules to form brand-new complimentary radicals. These new cost-free radicals go on to generate yet even more totally free radicals, and also so on. Propagation steps frequently involve hydrogen abstractivity or addition of the radical to double bonds.


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Bronx Adolescent Skills Center Sit-In
Until very recently, the students of the Bronx Adolescent Skills Center (ASC) TASC Program were taught math by a phenomenal teacher. This teacher sadly had to go on medical leave early in 2017, which left them feeling hopeless. The students went from learning math in a fun and interactive way, to being sat in front of a computer to learn math independently. The week of March 26, 2017, the students decided that they were not going to simply take what was given to them. They decided to express their frustrations as a united group and protest in hopes of getting a new math teacher.
For months, the students have learned about civil rights and peaceful protests. Our staff at the Bronx Adolescent Skills Center encourage the youth of the center to advocate for themselves, especially when that advocacy is related to their mental health challenges and the types of accomodations to which they are entitled. These conversations have complemented their school Social Studies lessons in the history of civil rights and peaceful protesting in the United States. Taking these lessons from history and their personal experiences to heart, the students decided to put what they learned into practice.
The protest was organized entirely by the students themselves, with support from Adolescent Skills Center staff. The students wrote a letter to their school Assistant Principal outlining their concerns. Below is an excerpt from the letter the students wrote:
"The students of District 79 at the Bronx Adolescent Skills Center currently feel that we are not being taught math correctly. We are wondering if a teacher can be brought in to teach us math so we can have a better understanding. With the TRA's taking place on April 5th, students feel like they will not pass the math section which will hinder them from taking the TASC exam at a later date…In conclusion we would really appreciate if you take the time out to help us out in this difficult time of the year."
The students also signed a petition to accompany their letter. Parents got involved by calling the Re-Start Academy's superintendent, Tim Lasante. Two students called the principal of Re-Start Academy, Joan Indart-Etienne, and voiced their concerns directly to her as well.
On Monday, March 27, the Bronx Adolescent Skills Center staff helped the students organized a peaceful sit-in protest instead of going to math class. The students gathered tables, chairs, and other materials to draw signs for their protest with the help of ASC staff. The day of the sit-in, the students' Assistant Principal joined them and listened as they expressed their concerns about their education. The students stood together, bold and brave, and unwilling to take no for an answer.
I attended the protest with other Bronx Adolescent Skills Center staff. Together, we stood with the students, prepared to offer them any support they needed. We told the students that they did not have to take what was handed to them due to their circumstances. The students did not know what the outcome would be, but they were prepared to continue advocating for what they needed. The day after the protest, a new math teacher was sent to teach our students.
The staff of the Bronx Adolescent Skills Center, as well as all of MHA-NYC, are extremely proud of these students and their parents for their activism, dedication to their education, and courage to advocate for their needs. After the protest, the students and staff displayed their protest posters in the hallway of the Bronx Adolescent Skills Center. We hope that this story inspires other youth to advocate for the change they want to see within their schools and community. Students never have to simply accept what is given to them, no matter their circumstances. There is strength in numbers.


October 19, 2020
Alderman Reilly Reports
Alderman Reilly COVID-19 Updates: COVID-19 Cases, Positivity Rate, and Hospitalizations are Rising in Chicago
The Chicago Department of Public Health is sounding the alarm on the worrying trends across COVID-19 health metrics, including a significant rise in cases, positivity rate and hospitalizations.
Over the past two weeks, cases have risen by more than 50%, to over 500 per day. This is the most cases per day seen in Chicago since late May, the tail-end of the pandemic's first wave, and is coinciding with a worrying increase in hospitalizations, which are also up 25% for non-ICU COVID patients and suspected cases since September 22.
While this increase has coincided with an increase in testing, with close to 11,000 tests now completed each day, the test positivity rate has also increased more than a percentage point to 5.2%. This indicates that the increase in testing does not fully explain the rise in cases.
Furthermore, hospitalizations, a measure of severe outcomes which often lags behind an increase in cases, are up to 313 per day citywide. Deaths, too, usually lag an increase in cases and hospitalizations, so City officials are expressing great concern over the possibility of a further increase.
To combat this second wave of COVID-19, the City is calling on all residents to wear masks and strictly limit social gatherings, even small ones. In a gathering of only 10 people, there is a 14% chance that someone is currently infected with COVID-19. This likelihood of someone having COVID-19 increases as gathering sizes grow - there is a 50% chance that someone in a gathering of 50 people has COVID-19. The majority of COVID-19 cases in Chicago are spread between people that know each other, so the best way to stem the tide is to avoid social gatherings and keep your bubble small.
The significant increase of COVID-19 in Chicago corresponds with a second wave of the virus throughout the entire Chicagoland region, across Illinois, in other Midwestern states and throughout the country.
As a reminder, the City's Emergency Travel Order currently covers 26 states and territories, including Wisconsin and Indiana. Chicagoans are urged not to travel to these states and territories, and if they do they are required to quarantine for 14 days upon their return, unless they are an essential worker traveling for business. For Wisconsin and Indiana, the Order applies to individuals coming from Wisconsin or Indiana to Chicago for non-work purposes and Chicago residents returning from Wisconsin or Indiana, unless they are deemed an essential worker.
To learn more, visit _URL_.


Incurvaria pectinea
Incurvaria pectinea
Feeding signs • Newhey, Greater Manchester • © Ian Kimber
8.001 BF129
Incurvaria pectinea
Haworth, 1828
Wingspan 12-16 mm.
The adults of this species are similar in appearance to I. masculella, but rather less contrastingly-patterned.
The antennae of the male seem to taper more abruptly near the tip than the more gradual narrowing of that species. Flying in April and May, the species is fairly well-distributed throughout much of the British Isles, though tends to be commoner further north.
The eggs are laid on leaves of birch (Betula), hazel (Corylus) or occasionally hornbeam (Corylus) or apple (Malus). Generally several larvae feed in a single leaf, creating a distinctive pattern of feeding windows.
The larvae then cut out circular cases and drop to the leaf-litter to continue feeding, leaving behind a leaf containing many circular or oval cut-outs.
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Dr. Chakrabarti is currently working as a post-doctoral researcher in Dr. Ramesh Sagili's Honey Bee Lab at Oregon State University. Her chief focus lies in improving honey bee health by understanding honey bee nutrition and deciphering the effects of pesticides on pollinators. At the Sagili Honey Bee Lab, she is currently studying the key nutrients essential for improving honey bee health. She employs various techniques of molecular ecology, neuroethology, insect physiology, ecotoxicology and apicultural practices to address her research questions. She earned her PhD from the Department of Zoology and Centre for Pollination Studies at the University of Calcutta in India, where she studied the effects of pesticides on native wild Indian honey bees. She was the recipient of the prestigious Royal Society Newton International Fellowship. She also pursued research at the Institute of Neuroscience at Newcastle University, UK, being awarded the prominent Newton Bhaba PhD Placement Fellowship. She has published several peer reviewed scientific journals, books chapters and extension articles. Apart from mentoring undergraduate and graduate students, she also interacts at daylong seminars with schoolchildren to teach honey bee biology and spread environmental and pollinator awareness.
Listen in to learn the importance of sterols in honeybee health, why they are so important, and the research Dr. Priyadarshini Chakrabarti has done on them.
And be sure to leave us a Rating and Review!
"[Sterols] are building blocks of cellular membranes. That is why we are trying to focus on them, because without these sterols, you would basically have a dead bee." – Dr. Priyadarshini Chakrabarti
- The key nutrients that are needed to make a bee
- Why sterols are so important for bee nutrition, and where they get it from
- How sterols are a honeybee's first line of defense against pests and parasites
- What intrigued Priyadarshini about sterols and the role they play with bees
- How Priyadarshini tested the effects of sterols and the research it was based on
- The results of her study and what beekeepers can learn from it
- What sterols were found in all different kinds of bee food
- What Priyadarshini and her team are hoping to learn by continuing their study into metabolites
"It's not just one nutrient, it's a combination of various factors. We are focusing on phytosterols for now, and we are hoping to also look at the various factors that go into it." – Dr. Priyadarshini Chakrabarti


The High Cost of Living — 2
The cost of living is high in India, as I mentioned the last time.
The dominant theme around where I live in Kalyani Nagar in Pune is one of massive construction. Multistoried residential buildings, shopping centers and office complexes are sprouting with astonishing rapidity. Despite the increase in the quantity supplied of floor space, the quantity demanded is growing even faster. This is evidenced by the fact that the price per square foot of built up space is growing at an astonishing 30 percent or more per year.
Right around the corner, the going rate is now around Rs 4,000 per square foot (or around $100 per square foot.) How expensive is that? Depends on who is paying, of course. Around the construction sites, hundreds of workers toil away ceaselessly. They earn around Rs 70 a day. I figured that to them, the per square foot cost is 2 months' worth of earnings. Thus if about 800 square foot of space is reasonable for a family of four, the average laborer on the construction site would have to work for about 1600 months, or about 133 years to just be able to afford to buy the place. Imagine having to work for over one hundred years to be able to buy an apartment.
Of course, one needs more than just floor space in a building to live. There is food, clothing, utilities, and other needs such as medical, educational, entertainment, and so on. Taken together, all of these have a cost and they add up.
Time is a great measure for all sorts of things once you have an invariant in hand. For measuring distances, the speed of light provides an invariant measure. Thus, you can say that the sun is about 8 light minutes away and the nearest galaxy to the Milky Way, the Andromeda galaxy, is about 2.5 million light years away.
Costs can be measured in terms of time, provided we have an invariant. In our case, we really don't have an invariant because the time to earn a unit of money varies from person to person, and from region to region. However, there is already a measure of average incomes in a specific location. That is the total production of final goods and services measured in monetary terms over a year for a specific collective of people that is called the gross domestic product (GDP). GDP divided by the number of people gives you the GDP per capita.
GDP per capita is a handy "local invariant" of sorts. India's GDP per capita is about $450 per year. In a sense, you can say that the average person earns $450 a year and that is a local invariant. Now if something costs $450, then one may say that it costs one year. The "Per capita GDP Time Equivalent of Cost" is what I am provisionally proposing, or PGTEC. (The stress is on the word "provisionally.") The units are time: so you could measure PGTECs in hours, days, months, years, and life times.
I can now denote the cost of an 800 sq foot apartment in my neighborhood for a laborer as 200 years. Since the working life of an average person (given the life expectancy of about 65 years and a productive life of about 40 years), the cost of the apartment would be five laborer lifetimes. Astounding.
What good is the PGTEC measure? Well, for one thing, it is easy to understand and compare costs across regions. The median house in the US costs around $70,000. And the per capita GDP is around $23,000. So the average house cost in terms of PGTEC is 3 years. Compare that to 200 years in India. India is therefore about 70 times more expensive than the US when it comes to housing.
OK, I am cheating. The cost of the house in my neighborhood in Pune is not really representative in the sense that on average an 800 sq foot apartment in India would probably cost half of that. But you get the idea. The average house in India would cost in terms of PGTEC about 100 years or so. (The actual numbers I leave to bean counters; I am not one. So there.)
It makes sense to distinguish between tradeables and non-tradeables. Tradeables are those things that can be transported from one location to another. For instance, gasoline is a tradeable while haircuts and baby-sitting are not. The price of tradeables in a specific location is the same the world over once you account for transportation costs and other barriers that add to the price such as taxes.
Let's take the cost of a tradeable such as gasoline. Gas in the US costs $3 per gallon. That is, PGTEC cost of gas is around one hour in the US. In India, gas costs about Rs 200 per gallon. Translated into PGTECs, the cost is 72 hours. Gas (or petrol as it is called in India) is 72 times more expensive in India than in the US.
Now you may have heard that a haircut is cheap in India. Let's do the numbers. In India, a haircut costs Rs 20, or about three hours in PGTECs. In the US, it costs $15 which in PGTECs is an hour and a half. So strictly speaking, a haircut in the US is cheaper for an American compared to a haircut for an Indian in India.
Let's go to travel. In India, the cost of a round trip air ticket between Mumbai and Delhi is Rs 14,000 average. PGTEC cost is 240 days. The cost of a round trip between NYC and San Francisco is around $400 – a distance twice that of between Mumbai and Delhi. A bit of arithmetic reveals the equivalent to the Mumbai-Delhi deal would cost an American 3 days. Roughly air travel is 80 times as costly in India than in the US.
The other night I made the mistake of going to a Pizza Hut in my neighborhood. A medium size pizza costs Rs 300 which in PGTEC terms is 4 days or 48 hours. In the US, the average medium pizza (much larger than the one in India) costs $10, which in PGTECs is only 2 hours. A Pizza hut pizza in India is therefore about 24 times more expensive in India than in the US.
I have done some back of the envelope calculations and it appears that India is many times more expensive than the US in pretty much any goods and services I measure. This should not come as a surprise to anyone who has observed that Indians can afford a lot less stuff (goods and services) than Americans can. Basically, the cost of any good is the time that you have to spend to produce an equivalent amount of stuff so that you can exchange it for that good. Indians on average produce less stuff per unit of time and therefore they can buy less stuff per unit of time as compared to Americans.
In the next posting, I will explore the implications of this measure and perhaps detail out why the PGTEC is a better measure than the PPP (purchasing power parity) measure.
Until then, goodbye, goodnight and may your god go with you.
Categories: Random Draws
17 replies
 1. Great post, Atanu.
 I have a question.
 How is it different from expressing cost as a percentage of average income (per capita GDP)?
 Let's say, PPCI (percentage of per capita income)
 Of course, cost of some goods/services might reduce to 0.000001%
 But you can always use Per Capita Income Per Day in such cases.
 PGTEC is objective. But, what are the other benefits?
 2. I think this PGTEC measure is sound,Atanu. The only caveat being that GDP per se is a one meausure of economic output and can fail to capture non-monetised services like that of housewives, etc. Also, as an example, as opposed to the US I would imagine that sons working in small business owned by their fathers in India might not get paid a real wage. So does this distort our GDP measure? It will be good to hear from you about this too.
 3. Dear Atanu,
 Great fun reading this post! I am not an economist, so I lack prerequisite information for critical analysis. But a question (excuse, if naive): To what extent is the GDP sensitive to processes that determine costs/prices? The basic concern is that a measure like PGTEC should be immune to details of underlying processes. In other words I am unable to see the invariance of GDP very clearly. If I have to RTFM, I'll appreciate a few pointers, maybe offline, if you please.
 – Abhijat
 4. There's a US-only post using this same approach here:
 Another interesting parameter is the rate that things are getting better. While there is no doubt people in the US have more "stuff", the rate of improvement, or at least people's expectations for the rate of improvement, may be more important for personal happiness. Growth rates in India have pulled ahead. …just a thought…
 5. Atanu,
 The numbers you have used seem off significantly (call me a bean counter but its important to be one to spot HUGE errors). India's GDP per capita is actually 736 dollars (CIA factbook). Also, a decent house for four can be had for about 8 lakhs (not 32 lakhs) – you should agree because clearly $70,000=approx 30 lak


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Charlie had some great ideas about how to teach the Krebs Cycle. He explained it all to his friend Steve who agreed they were very innovative. Charlie meant to write his ideas down but kept on forgetting. Later that semester, Steve submitted a paper to a leading educational journal, using Charlie's ideas. The paper was accepted for publication. Who owns the copyright?
Ideas cannot be copyrighted.
Charlie had the original idea but he did not write it down or in some way 'fix' it in a 'fixed form'. Steve actually created in a fixed form.
Photo: "Faces" by Greg Peverill-Conti CC BY-NC-SA 2.0


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Cadière GB, Van Sante N, Graves JE, Gawlicka AK, Rajan A
Surg Endosc. 2009 May; 23(5):957-64.
A feasibility study (n = 19) evaluated the safety and initial efficacy of transoral incisionless fundoplication (TIF) for the treatment of gastroesophageal disease (GERD). The results at 1 year (n = 17) indicated that TIF was safe and had a significant effect on reducing GERD symptoms, proton pump inhibitor (PPI) usage, acid exposure, and small hiatal hernia. This study was designed to evaluate the long-term safety and durability of TIF.
Fourteen patients (50% female; median age, 34 years) completed the 2-year follow-up assessment tests. Three patients were excluded from the study after 1 year because two of them underwent retreatment and one was lost to follow-up.
At 2 years, no adverse events related to TIF were reported. A >or=50% improvement in GERD-HRQL scores compared with those at baseline on PPIs was sustained by 64% of patients. TIF was effective in eliminating heartburn in 93% of patients and daily PPI therapy in 71% of patients. Significantly (p < 0.05) more patients were able to consume reflux-causing foods and maintain lifestyle activities without GERD symptoms compared with baseline on PPIs. Fundoplications were durable and maintained their geometric dimensions. TIF was effective in eliminating hiatal hernia in 60% of patients and esophagitis in 55% of patients. Global assessment of all outcomes in each patient revealed that 79% of patients experienced complete cure (29%) or remission (50%) of GERD at 2 years after TIF.
The results at 2 years supported the long-term safety and durability of TIF and its sustained effect on the elimination of heartburn, esophagitis,


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Luca Incurvati: "Imperative and Deontic Modality"
- Datum: –12.00
- Plats: Engelska parken - Eng2-1022
- Arrangör: Filosofiska institutionen
- Kontaktperson: Matti Eklund
Högre seminariet i teoretisk filosofi
Luca Incurvati, University of Amsterdam: "Imperative and Deontic Modality"
In the first part of the talk, I defend a non-cognitivist account of imperatives, based on Paul Portner's idea that imperatives serve to manage speakers' to-do lists. I show that, once we recognize the multiplicity of operations that can be performed on a to-do list, the account has the resources to deal with weak uses of imperatives without postulating an additional list alongside it. In the second part of the talk, I present a logical framework which integrates weak and strong forms of assertion, rejection and imperatives. I use this framework to inferentially explain the meaning of deontic modals such as *must* in terms of imperatives. The resulting inferential expressivist account has the resources to explain performative uses of *must* and hitherto unaccounted for data about their occurrence pattern.


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Low Cost Card Deck of Safe Coping Skills (English) - 112 cards; can play as game
The Seeking Safety card deck can be used as a game or to help remember the skills. It has 112 cards: 84 safe coping skills, 24 quotations, and 3 exercises. An ideas card offers various ways to play the game for groups and/or individuals. You can also make up your own games. The cards are professionally designed, with each type of card color coded (peach = relationship skills, blue = action skills, purple = quotations, etc.). The cards offer a fun way to learn and practice the ideas from Seeking Safety, and can be used with both adults and adolescents. This card deck is lower cost because it is missing the instruction card, but you can download that here. Also the colors are very slightly off, but the card deck is still totally fine! The low-cost card deck is available in English only but if you would like the Spanish deck or the regular English deck you can get those.


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The supposed period for Geese laying their eggs is in the spring around the period of August to September but our Chinese Geese breeds lay all year long. Fertility will be up to 15% higher and hatchability up to 20% higher when you use mature female geese than with a matured 1-year-old male Gander.
Geese usually lay in the morning so don't be a lazy goof collect eggs late in the morning to reduce the chance of egg breakages. Since most eggs are laid early in the morning it will be a good idea to not give your Geese access to swimming pool facilities until late in the morning, otherwise eggs may be mia lost in the pond/pool. Geese usually lay a clutch of 12–15 eggs and then go into a bad mood broody. When this happens look for somewhere you can keep her apart from the gang like in a pen.
To reduce the incidence of egg breakages, provide nest boxes and encourage their use for laying. Line them with suitable nesting material, such as wood shavings, dried grass, and allow one 50 cm × 50 cm nest box for every three geese in the flock. It is best to have nest boxes in the shed and throughout the yard if you have a large yard.
In our experience natural incubation produces the best percentage of Goslings hatched. But using Geese to hatch out their own goslings is expensive and wasteful as Geese are not laying more eggs while they are sitting on their own eggs. Turkeys and Muscovy ducks may be used satisfactorily to hatch out goslings with the best results obtained from Muscovy ducks (which are really geese). Goose eggs can be hatched artificially, but results are better if Muscovies are used.
Eggs should be collected at least twice (preferably four times) daily, and, as geese lay most of their eggs in the morning, the bulk of the eggs will be collected in the morning.You should store eggs for incubation in a cool room at 15°C. Turn eggs daily. The longer the eggs are kept over 7 days, the poorer the hatching results. Select only uncracked eggs weighing at least 140 g and no more than 200 g. Clean those eggs that are dirty by lightly rubbing with steel wool that you can swipe from the kitchen (don't let the wife know) and wiping with a clean damp cloth again don't let the wife know. Eggs will need to be handled and stored in this manner regardless of the method of incubation. Eggs can be disinfected by fumigating them immediately after collection. The actual period of incubation of goose eggs varies slightly with the breed. Some eggs from the lighter breeds may start pipping after 28 days, while eggs from the larger breeds may take 35 days. It may take up to 3 days for hatching to be completed.
Huge Difference in The Size, Goose & Chicken
Depending on the size of the bird, 4–6 eggs may be placed under a broody hen whilst a Muscovy duck may sit on 6–8 eggs. Since the eggs are too large for most hens to turn by themselves, you have to turn the eggs by hand daily when the hens leave the nest to eat and drink. After 15 days, eggs should be sprinkled with lukewarm water each time they are turned. Candling, that is, passing eggs under a bright electric light to view the contents, can be carried out on the 10th day and all infertile eggs removed. Where a Goose is to be used for hatching out the eggs, 10–15 eggs may be placed under her (the number of eggs depends on the size of the eggs and the size of the goose). If Geese have access to swimming facilities, the eggs need not be sprinkled with water.
Unless machines are properly managed, goose eggs do not hatch very well in artificial incubators. Hatches often are no better than 40% of the eggs set, even though fertility is about 90%. This is because of lazy fellows calling themselfs farmers poor management and because most incubators cheap skate homemade like mine available are not manufactured specifically for Geese.
With forced-draught machines, maintain a constant temperature of 37.5°C throughout the incubation period. The desired humidity will be obtained if the wet bulb thermometer is kept at a reading of 32.2°C to the 29th day. Then increase it to 34°C for the rest of the incubation time, using moisture trays and adjusting the ventilation. Incubators with a slow air movement over the eggs will hatch goose eggs better than those with a fast air movement. Slow air movement ensures complete distribution of air over all parts of the egg to maintain uniform and equal evaporation.
A Fully Automated Incubator/Hatcher On My Wishlist
Best results are obtained if eggs are turned over completely at least four times daily, that is, through an angle of 180° (as shown in the diagram at right) and not 90° as with chicken eggs. Best hatching results are obtained if eggs are set horizontally. Eggs must be spaced evenly throughout the incubator if the machine is not full. The temperature of the machine should be 0.2°C higher when the machine is less than 60% full. Because goose eggs require high humidity, they should be sprinkled daily with warm water. After the 15th day of incubation, eggs should be completely submerged every second day in water kept at a temperature of 37.5°C and then daily in the last week of incubation, for 1 minute. Alternatively, fine nozzles that spray water at 37.5°C when needed can be installed in the incubator.
Eggs should be transferred to the hatcher on the 27th day of incubation unless experience shows eggs are hatching at less than 30 days of age. Eggs should be dipped or sprinkled with water, as previously described, only once after they are transferred. Temperature in the hatching compartment should be kept at 37°C and relative humidity at about 80%. After the peak of the hatch, reduce to 36.5°C and 70% humidity. Leave goslings in the hatcher for 2–4 hours after the hatch is completed, then transfer them to the brooders.
The sex of day-old goslings can be identified in a similar manner to that used for chickens, by examining the vent. Day-old goslings can be identified by holding the legs firmly between the first and second fingers of the left hand, with the neck between the third and fourth fingers and the breast away from you. Then press gently with the left thumb on the abdomen while at the same time pressing down on the tail with the thumb and forefinger of the right hand. Do this quickly to remove the contents of the bowel, making examination easier. The vent is then everted by pressing gently down on the abdomen with the thumb of the left hand near the vent. Simultaneously place the first finger and thumb of the right hand close together on the opposite side of the vent and slowly separate with a gentle but firm pressing motion, stretching and everting the cloaca to expose the penis if the gosling is male.
Sexual Organ Of Matured Gander
Sexual Organ Of Mature Goose
Mature Geese (over the age of 7 months) can be identified by physical examination. The identification is made easier if two people are available. One method of exposing the penis is by pushing back the tail towards the head with one hand and exerting a steady downward pressure on the abdomen with the other. The vent will then be everted and the organ exposed. The penis, spiral shaped and white, is just over 1 cm long in immature birds but up to 4 cm long in mature ganders. The colour of the area inside the gander's vent is pink and the surface is smooth. The illustrations of the exposed reproductive organs of an immature male, a mature male and a maturing female will assist in sex identification:
It is difficult to distinguish the sex of growing goslings and mature birds other than by examining for the presence of the male's penis. These characteristics may also help you to distinguish sexes. The Gander has a high shrill voice, Slightly larger body, Slightly longer neck, Larger head, a Knob at base of top beak in Chinese geese and moves to outside when flock is approached. The Goose has a harsh, hoarse cry, Soft abdomen and wide pelvic bones in those layers.