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NORTHERN NEW YORK
Genealogical and family history of northern New York: a record of the achievements of her people
in the making of a commonwealth and the founding of a nation.
New York: Lewis Historical Pub. Co. 1910.
Transcribed by Coralynn Brown
The origin of the surname Burroughs or Burrows is in dispute. Some derive it from a Roman personal name introduced into Britain and thence to Ireland and Wales. It has also been said that the family takes its name from the town of Borough, Leicestershire. In any case the name is probably a place name, and the family has been of some note from the early days of surnames. In 1386 John Burroughs was rector of Collingham, Nottinghamshire, appointed July 1, 1384, chancellor of Cambridge University, of which he was a graduate.
Another John Burroughs, a Benedictine living in 1340, was a writer of some distinction. There have been many noted men in the army, navy and church in England bearing the name.
(I) Jeremiah Burroughs settled in Scituate, Mass., as early as 1645. He served against the Narragansett Indians in 1647. He married, May, 1651, a daughter of Thomas Hewett (also given as Hewes. See Pope's Pioneers of Mass.) He removed to Marshfield, and was drowned in 1660. His widow was appointed administratrix for herself and children.
Children, born in Scituate:
Jeremiah, born March 11, 1651-52.
John, Nov., 1653, mentioned below.
Elizabeth, March 5, 1654-55.
Mary, Dec. 2, 1656.
(II) John, son of Jeremiah Burroughs, was born in Scituate, in Nov. 1653. (See Burroughs family, by L. A. Burroughs, 1894). He settled at Enfield, then Massachusetts, now Connecticut, and died there in 1693. He was one of the first settlers in 1680, and owned the fifth lot south of Ferry Lane. Another account (Enfield records) gives his death as of 1691, and age forty-two years. The date was 1693, as shown by his will, dated in 1691, and presented Sept. 2, 1693, bequeathing to his wife Hannah and children.
John, mentioned below.
(III) John (2), son of John (1) Burroughs, was born in Enfield, about 1685. He married Sarah Tyler, and they removed to Windsor, Conn., in 1718, and bought land there. Another account states that he married Sarah Rumrill, daughter of Simon. A deed of 1720 gives the name of his wife as Elizabeth, showing probably that he had a second wife. His will shows that his wife was Sarah in 1756. Sarah Tyler may have been his first wife and Sarah Rumrill his third wife.
He was called ensign, a mlitary title. His will was dated Dec. 22, 1756, inventory dated Aug. 3, 1757. He had deeded his land to his heirs.
Children, born in what is now Ellington, Conn.:
John, 1711, mentioned below.
Sarah, 1714, married M. Chandler.
Hannah, 1716, married William Booth.
Simon, 1719, married Lydia Porter.
(IV) John (3), son of John (2) Burroughs, was born in Ellington, Windsor, Conn., in 1711. He married Sarah Abby, of Enfield. He removed to Tolland, and thence in May 1766, to Alstead, New Hampshire. He was a farmer.
Sarah, born 1731.
Joel, 1748, married Phebe Messer, of Walpole.
Daniel, 1756, married (first) Mary Crane, (second) Olive Carpenter, and removed to Vermont.
Elijah, born about 1758, mentioned below.
Timothy, married Esther Hurlburt, of Wethersfield, Conn.
Captain John, married Mehitable Carlton; soldier in battle of Bennington.
(V) Elijah, son of John (2) Burroughs, was born about 1758, in Tolland, Conn. He was a soldier in the revolution, from Alstead, in Captain Amos Shepard's company, Colonel Benjamin Bellow's regiment, at the siege of Ticonderoga, 1777; also in Captain Webber's company. Colonel David Hobart's regiment. General John Stark's command, 1777.
His brothers, Joel and Timothy, served also in Shepard's company. He doubtless had other service, the record of which is not identified.
He married Eunice Thompson. The history of Alstead incorrectly states that he had no children, and that he moved to Ohio. He lived in Gorham, New Hampshire, and West Milan, same state.
(VI) Joseph, son of Elijah Burroughs, was born in Alstead in 1773, and died July 22, 1832. He settled on a farm about four miles from Gorham, New Hampshire. About 1820 he came with his family to Rouse's Point, N.Y. He was United States health officer during the cholera plague in 1832, and was himself a victim of the disease.
He married Sarah Marshall, born 1782, died Oct. 14, 1856. He engaged in the manufacture of hats, and made the beaver hats for men then in fashion.
James Madison, born 1804, mentioned below.
Joseph, removed to Toronto, Canada.
Mary, married ____ Hutchins.
Emily W., died in 1832, at Rouse's Point, unmarried.
Frances H., died unmarried in 1830, at Rouse's Point.
George, died in the West Indies.
William, went to Madison, Wisconsin, where he owned a stage line.
Eliza, married William Saxe.
(VII) James Madison, son of Joseph Burroughs, was born in Gorham, in 1804, and died in Champlain, N.Y. Aug. 2, 1872. He engaged in lumbering at Champlain, and kept a general store there; was prominent in public affairs; director of the First National Bank; supervisor of the town.
In politics he was a staunch Democrat; in religion a Presbyterian, although of such liberal views that he became a vestryman of St. John's Episcopal church in order to promote the founding of the parish at Champlain.
He married (first) Abigail J. Dailey, born 1819, died April 3, 1849; (second) Sarah Frost.
Children of first wife:
1. Sarah Matilda, born 1841, died in Aug., 1841.
2. James M., born 1843, died April 12, 1859.
3. George Hoyle, born 1845, mentioned below.
Child of second wife:
(VIII) George Hoyle, son of James Madison Burroughs, was born at Champlain, 1845, and died Dec. 10, 1880. He was educated in the public schools, and became associated in business with his father. He succeeded to the extensive property and business of his father and continued it during his active life. He was supervisor of the town of Champlain and a leading Democrat of his day.
In religion he was an Episcopalian, and a vestryman and treasurer of St. John's church. Besides his personal business affairs, he gave active and efficient service in behalf of all community interets, and was held in the highest esteem for his probity and public spirit.
He married Mary L. Goodrich, born May 9, 1846, daughter of Silas and Maria A. (Grant) Goodrich.
James De Forris, born Nov. 10, 1870, mentioned below.
Laura Maria, Dec. 16, 1872.
Frederic, Oct. 30, 1878.
(IX) James De Forris, son of George H. Burroughs, was born Nov. 10, 1870, at Champlain. N.Y. He was educated in the public schools of Champlain and Plattsburgh, N.Y. He entered the employ of the Sheridan Iron Works in 1888, and was elected secretary of the company in 1904.
He is a Democrat in politics and is supervisor of the town (1909). For twelve years he was on the board of education and for eight years its president. He is a member of the Modern Woodmen of America.
He is an Episcopalian, and is jurior warden and treasurer of the Protestant Episcopal church of Champlain.
He married (first) June 24, 1896, Kate Louise McCaffrey, born Aug. 12, 1872, died April 30, 1900, daughter of William J. and Jennie K. (Morgan) McCaffrey. He married (second), Sept. 18, 1905, Clara Louise Stone.
Children of first wife:
William McCaffrey, born Nov. 24, 1897.
Mary Goodrich, Feb. 2, 1900, died April 30, 1900.
Have these webpages


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Mobility behaviour is difficult to catch among young people, because they are more reluctant than adults to be monitored through connected devices. Even when sensing technologies are in place, collected data tells us what happened (e.g. driving style), but not why it happened (e.g. psychological conditions affecting drivers' decisions).
Ninja Riders engages young people with its cross-media suite of gameful digital tools: the youngsters are involved in innovative ideas generation via the Ninja Ideas online co-creation platform; mobility attitudes, preferences and choices are collected and analysed through the Ninja Stories psychographic app, which solicits young people to evaluate their "ninja" abilities within concrete scenarios where decision-making is influenced by personal and social contexts.
By stimulating awareness creation and encouraging personal reflection, Ninja Riders promotes a road safety culture and makes sense of attitudes and choices, thus allowing both young people and mobility stakeholders to get a deeper understanding of the why behind risky decision-making.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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What Do Criminal Records Consist of in Arizona?
There is plenty of information in Arizona criminal records. This includes details about a person's convictions, dispositions, indictments, and arrests. More specifically, criminal records in Arizona contain information like the person's name and known aliases, past and outstanding arrest warrants, and past and current criminal offenses and indictments. Other info in these criminal records includes:
- Mugshot and fingerprints
- Conviction and inmate records
- Age/Birth Date
- Other identifying personal information
Arrest records are similar to this. Arrest records are official law enforcement documents describing the apprehensions and detentions of people who allegedly committed crimes. However, arrest records do not mean that the person arrested is actually guilty of or pleaded guilty to their alleged crimes.
How Can Someone Use Criminal Records?
One of the primary uses of criminal records is employers accessing said records as part of a pre-employment background check. However, only non-profit organizations can get Arizona state criminal history information for employment purposes. No other private companies can access this information for those purposes. It is important to note that in the state of Arizona, if a potential employer asks to hear about any prior convictions you may have, they must include a statement that a prior conviction will not completely bar you from employment. Additionally, courts may use criminal records to determine sentences for crimes that the same person commits at a later time.
Can Someone Else Access Your Criminal Records?
In the state of Arizona, you are the only person that can request your criminal records aside from law enforcement agencies. The Criminal History Records Section is the central repository for all criminal records in the state of Arizona. In many states, other people can request copies of your criminal records if they have acceptable reasons for doing so. However, in Arizona, only authorized individuals or agencies can request copies of your criminal records.
How Can You Request A Criminal Record?
If you want to request a criminal record, you start off by requesting a Record Review Packet from the Criminal History Records Section. You can call them at _PHONE_ to do so. In the Record Review Packet, you get the following:
- Blank applicant fingerprint card
- Contact information sheet
- Pre-addressed return envelope
You will get a mailed response to your request within 15 days of the receipt of the completed Record Review Packet. This response will not include any personal information about you. You can find the Record Review Packet Instructions here.
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- 12 Letter-sized (8½" x 11″) sheets suitable to pass through your inkjet printer or draw directly using a permanent marker or pencil – use for appliqué, paper piecing, quilting and embroidery.
- Water-soluble, it can also be used as a stabilizer, either as backing or a topper, for various projects.
- Easily tears away or simply wash as normal to dissolve the paper.
- Ideal for: quilting patterns, foundation piecing, hand work, needlepunch, shadow work, heirloom work, counted cross stitch, quilting templates, thread sketching, edge work, 3-D applique, cut work and charted needlework.
- By Pellon.


College Admissions FAQ
The college admissions process can be confusing, so it's okay to have some questions before working with Prepory. Below you'll find answers to frequently asked questions about our college admissions counseling program.
What is college counseling?
College counseling is a service that guides students towards the path to college admissions success. The college admissions process is exactly that—a process, and one that requires critical steps at each stage.
To succeed in the process, students must accomplish several critical objectives: 1) develop the self-awareness and clarity they need to excel in their academic and collegiate endeavors 2) understand how their application will be evaluated and the strengths and weaknesses of their application thus far 3) how to effectively package and present the achievements they've worked so hard to earn.
Much like the admissions committee evaluates candidates holistically, we too evaluate and coach our students through a holistic approach to get them from where they are to where they should be.
What happens during college counseling?
Through college counseling, students will understand how to effectively navigate the college admissions process with confidence and vigor. With guidance from Prepory, students explore best-fit college options, strategically college search, demonstrate meaningful academic and extracurricular involvement, and understand how to strategically tackle their college application.
When do the individual advising sessions occur?
Students select from several afterschool time options to meet with their coach. Students will meet with their coach at the same time each week for the duration of that semester. Session frequency varies per grade level and package you're enrolled in.
Who will be my student's college admissions coach?
Our college admissions coaching team is made up of former admissions officers, former university faculty, Ivy League writing coaches, and a network of students from the nation's most selective colleges. Students are paired with a college admissions coach based on their availability and career interests.
All Prepory college admissions coaches partake in extensive training before working with students. Our training includes a comprehensive college admissions course created by our team of former admissions officers at the University of Pennsylvania, University of Chicago, and Brown University.
To learn more about our coaches, visit our Meet the Coaches page.
Can I speak to a college admissions coach before enrolling in Prepory's services?
Due to the high volume of demand we have for our services, we are unable to coordinate a meeting prior to enrollment. Once enrolled, we'll schedule a call between your student and their college admissions coach in advance of starting their individual advising sessions.
What do individual advising sessions entail?
Through individual advising sessions, students meet with their college admissions coach to receive individualized counseling following our curriculum. They'll work together to brainstorm and improve their college application collateral. Individual advising sessions occur through video conferences and are approximately 60 minutes long.
What do Thematic and College Exploration Workshops entail?
College Exploration Workshops: Current students at top universities across the nation broadly discuss their school and personal experience at the university.
Thematic Workshops: Students participate in synchronous webinars concerning specialized advising topics, including STEM, study abroad, transferring schools, and other college admissions-related topics.
College Exploration and Thematic Workshops are hosted weekly and are approximately 60 minutes long.
What are unlimited essay and resume reviews?
Students use our online platform, MyPrepory, to submit personal statements, supplemental essays, and high school resumes for feedback and improvement. Our team will review their materials and provide grammatical, structural, organizational, and content feedback within 24-48 business hours.
What do parent check-ins entail?
Parents will have the opportunity to participate in a phone call with their child's college admissions coach, a member of the Prepory team. Parents will learn about their child's progress through the Prepory programming and have the opportunity to ask questions. Parent check-ins are approximately 15-30 minutes long.
How much does college counseling cost?
Prepory provides several packages and service offerings. We offer hourly advising, unlimited college essay reviews, and comprehensive packages for high school and transfer students. Our standard annual programming, our most popular service offering, includes 1:1 advising sessions, unlimited essay reviews, college exploration workshops, and access to college prep content via MyPrepory. Our programming is competitively priced, with fees ranging from several hundred to thousands of dollars.
When should I get started?
The earlier, the better. The college admissions process is a holistic process and evaluates all four years of high school. Most elite private schools begin college planning in 7th grade.
What is "MyPrepory"?
MyPrepory is our unique online platform! This is where students access their individual advising sessions, College Exploration Workshops, Thematic Workshops, preview their application materials, and make essays submissions. Once students are enrolled in Prepory, they'll receive an email with instructions to create a MyPrepory account.
Does Prepory guide students through the transfer application process?
Yes! While our transfer college admissions coaching services are tailored to each student's unique transfer application process, some topics transfer applicants engage with are finalizing a college list, letters of recommendation, the personal statement, resume construction, and financial aid.
To learn more about our transfer admissions services, click here.
How can I get Prepory's college admissions services in my school?
Prepory's institutional partnerships are tailored to each school's goals. We customize our on-campus seminar topics, online course content, and guidance to meet your school's specific needs.
To learn more about our institutional partnerships, click here.
Does Prepory guarantee my acceptance to a highly selective university?
Although we have a strong track record of success, nothing is guaranteed in the college admissions process. Our goal is to support students and ensure students have the tools and knowledge necessary to successfully apply to their dream school.
Does Prepory guide students through the transfer application process?
Of course! Prepory has guided many students in transferring into their dream school. While our transfer college admissions coaching services are extremely tailored to each student's unique transfer application process, some of the common topics transfer applicants engage with are finalizing a college list, letters of recommendation, personal statements, resume construction, financial aid, and Common and Coalition Apps.
Copyright © 2020 Prepory Coaching Group LLC. All Rights Reserved.


equation is:
and therefore the equation for ȧkλ may be written:
It can be shown that in the radiation reaction field, if the mass m is regarded as the "observed" mass then we can take:
The total field acting on the dipole has two parts, E0(t) and ERR(t). E0(t) is the free or zero-point field acting on the dipole. It is the homogeneous solution of the Maxwell equation for the field acting on the dipole, i.e., the solution, at the position of the dipole, of the wave equation
satisfied by the field in the (source free) vacuum. For this reason E0(t) is often referred to as the "vacuum field", although it is of course a Heisenberg-picture operator acting on whatever state of the field happens to be appropriate at t = 0. ERR(t) is the source field, the field generated by the dipole and acting on the dipole.
Using the above equation for ERR(t) we obtain an equation for the Heisenberg-picture operator that is formally the same as the classical equation for a linear dipole oscillator:
where τ = 2e2/3mc3. in this instance we have considered a dipole in the vacuum, without any "external" field acting on it. the role of the external field in the above equation is played by the vacuum electric field acting on the dipole.
Classically, a dipole in the vacuum is not acted upon by any "external" field: if there are no sources other than the dipole itself, then the only field acting on the dipole is its own radiation reaction field. In quantum theory however there is always an "external" field, namely the source-free or vacuum field E0(t).
According to our earlier equation for akλ(t) the free field is the only field in existence at t = 0 as the time at which the interaction between the dipole and the field is "switched on". The state vector of the dipole-field system at t = 0 is therefore of the form
where |vac⟩ is the vacuum state of the field and |ψD is the initial state of the dipole oscillator. The expectation value of the free field is therefore at all times equal to zero:
since akλ(0)|vac⟩ = 0. however, the energy density associated with the free field is infinite:
The important point of this is that the zero-point field energy HF does not affect the Heisenberg equation for akλ since it is a c-number or constant (i.e. an ordinary number rather than an operator) and commutes with akλ. We can therefore drop the zero-point field energy from the Hamiltonian, as is usually done. But the zero-point field re-emerges as the homogeneous solution for the field equation. A charged particle in the vacuum will therefore always see a zero-point field of infinite density. This is the origin of one of the infinities of quantum electrodynamics, and it cannot be eliminated by the trivial expedient dropping of the term kλ ħωk/2 in the field Hamiltonian.
The free field is in fact necessary for the formal consistency of the theory. In particular, it is necessary for the preservation of the commutation relations, which is required by the unitary of time evolution in quantum theory:
We can calculate [z(t),pz(t)] from the formal solution of the operator equation of motion
Using the fact that
and that equal-time particle and field operators commute, we obtain:
For the dipole oscillator under consideration it can be assumed that the radiative damping rate is small compared with the natural oscillation frequency, i.e., τω0 ≪ 1. Then the integrand above is sharply peaked at ω = ω0 and:
the necessity of the vacuum field can also be appreciated by making the small damping approximation in
Without the free field E0(t) in this equation the operator x(t) would be exponentially dampened, and commutators like [z(t),pz(t)] would approach zero for t1/τω2
. With the vacuum field included, however, the commutator is at all times, as required by unitarity, and as we have just shown. A similar result is easily worked out for the case of a free particle instead of a dipole oscillator.[98]
What we have here is an example of a "fluctuation-dissipation elation". Generally speaking if a system is coupled to a bath that can take energy from the system in an effectively irreversible way, then the bath must also cause fluctuations. The fluctuations and the dissipation go hand in hand we cannot have one without the other. In the current example the coupling of a dipole oscillator to the electromagnetic field has a dissipative component, in the form of the zero-point (vacuum) field; given the existence of radiation reaction, the vacuum field must also exist in order to preserve the canonical commutation rule and all it entails.
The spectral density of the vacuum field is fixed by the form of the radiation reaction field, or vice versa: because the radiation reaction field varies with the third derivative of x, the spectral energy density of the vacuum field must be proportional to the third power of ω in order for [z(t),pz(t)] to hold. In the case of a dissipative force proportional to, by contrast, the fluctuation force must be proportional to in order to maintain the canonical commutation relation.[99] This relation between the form of the dissipation and the spectral density of the fluctuation is the essence of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem.[74]
The fact that the canonical commutation relation for a harmonic oscillator coupled to the vacuum field is preserved implies that the zero-point energy of the oscillator is preserved. it is easy to show that after a few damping times the zero-point motion of the oscillator is in fact sustained by the driving zero-point field.[100]
The quantum chromodynamic vacuum[edit]
Main article: QCD vacuum
The QCD vacuum is the vacuum state of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). It is an example of a non-perturbative vacuum state, characterized by a non-vanishing condensates such as the gluon condensate and the quark condensate in the complete theory which includes quarks. The presence of these condensates characterizes the confined phase of quark matter. In technical terms, gluons are vector gauge bosons that mediate strong interactions of quarks in quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Gluons themselves carry the color charge of the strong interaction. This is unlike the photon, which mediates the electromagnetic interaction but lacks an electric charge. Gluons therefore participate in the strong interaction in addition to mediating it, making QCD significantly harder to analyze than QED (quantum electrodynamics) as it deals with nonlinear equations to characterize such interactions.
The Higgs field[edit]
Main article: Higgs mechanism
The potential for the Higgs field, plotted as function of ϕ0 and ϕ3. It has a Mexican-hat or champagne-bottle profile at the ground.
The Standard Model hypothesises a field called the Higgs field (symbol: ϕ), which has the unusual property of a non-zero amplitude in its ground state (zero-point) energy after renormalization; i.e., a non-zero vacuum expectation value. It can have this effect because of its unusual "Mexican hat" shaped potential whose lowest "point" is not at its "centre". Below a certain extremely high energy level the existence of this non-zero vacuum expectation spontaneously breaks electroweak gauge symmetry which in turn gives rise to the Higgs mechanism and triggers the acquisition of mass by those particles interacting with the field. The Higgs mechanism occurs whenever a charged field has a vacuum expectation value. This effect occurs because scalar field components of the Higgs field are "absorbed" by the massive bosons as degrees of freedom, and couple to the fermions via Yukawa coupling, thereby producing the expected mass terms. The expectation value of ϕ0 in the ground state (the vacuum expectation value or VEV) is then ϕ0⟩ = v/2, where v = | μ |/λ. The measured value of this parameter is approximately 246 GeV/c2.[101] It has units of mass, and is the only free parameter of the Standard Model that is not a dimensionless number.
The Higgs mechanism is a type of superconductivity which occurs in the vacuum. It occurs when all of space is filled with a sea of particles which are charged and thus the field has a nonzero vacuum expectation value. Interaction with the vacuum energy filling the space prevents certain forces from propagating over long distances (as it does in a superconducting medium; e.g., in the Ginzburg–Landau theory).
Experimental observations[edit]
Zero-point energy has many observed physical consequences.[3] It is important to note that zero-point energy is not merely an artefact of mathematical formalism that can, for instance, be dropped from a Hamiltonian by redefining the zero of energy, or by arguing that it is a constant and therefore has no effect on Heisenberg equations of motion without latter consequence.[102] Indeed, such treatment could create a problem at a deeper, as of yet undiscovered, theory.[103] For instance, in general relativity the zero of energy (i.e. the energy density of the vacuum) contributes to a cosmological constant of the type introduced by Einstein in order to obtain static solutions to his field equations.[104] The zero-point energy density of the vacuum, due to all quantum fields, is extremely large, even when we cut off the largest


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Where Islam and Judaism Join Together
A Perspective on Reconciliation
|Publication Date||July 2014|
|Formats||Hardcover Ebook (PDF) Ebook (EPUB)|
This book is the result of many years of the author's thinking, speaking, and writing about peace. It is the fruit of many years of philanthropic activity in the Middle East Peace Network (MEPN), which the author founded in 1990. To a certain degree, it is a personal journey of a Jew into the heart of Islam in search of a common ground and possible Jewish-Muslim reconciliation. The purpose of Where Islam and Judaism Join Together: A Perspective on Reconciliation is to create an environment that could help reshape the future of Jewish-Muslim relations, and consequently shift the context of the Arab-Israeli conflict.


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In order to monitor and capture the source spectrum of moderate down to micro-scale earthquakes, it is essential that the NHFN instruments operate at high precision and in an extremely low noise environment. Therefore, the stations record at high sample rate, and their sensors are emplaced in deep boreholes to reduce noise contamination originating in the near surface weathered zone and from cultural noise sources. In addition, the reduction of noise at these stations through vigilant monitoring of actual seismic events plays a central part of our quality control effort.
As mentioned, a key aspect of quality control of the NHFN data is the analysis of actual seismic events. Seismic events of larger magnitude are relatively rare and generally provide more energy at lower frequencies. Hence, in order to provide more frequent real events and quality control in the higher frequency band of the NHFN stations, analysis of recordings from the much more frequent microearthquakes are needed. Because real event analyses are relatively labor intensive and because of inadequate insufficient funding, traditional methods of event analysis have proven financially infeasible. To help circumvent these problems, efforts to develop new and improved analysis techniques are ongoing. We have developed and are currently testing some promising techniques that are particularly well suited to the analysis of similar and repeating microearthquakes. The advantages of similar and repeating event analyses for both quality control and scientific purposes are numerous, and the nature of the seismograms from these types of events make automated, rapid and robust analysis possible.
Towards this end, we are continuing to develop our new pattern scanning recognition scheme to detect, pick, locate and determine magnitudes for small and very small similar events recorded either continuously or from among large volumes of noisy triggered data snippets and our phase coherency method for identification of characteristically repeating events sequences from among groups of similar event multiplets.
Pattern Scanning: The pattern scanning recognition approach we are developing enhances the effective signal to noise for event detection, picking and locating by using the high amplitude information available in the full waveform of earthquake's signals. This is done by using a cross-correlation based scanning approach, which scans known waveform patterns through either continuous or collections triggered event snippets (regardless of the triggered event noise levels). With this approach, continuous or triggered waveform data that does not match selected patterns are ignored while waveforms that approximately match selected reference event patterns are flagged as newly identified earthquakes.
This approach is less comprehensive in that it only detects events that are somewhat similar in waveform character to the reference patterns. However, it can be generalized significantly by increasing the number of event patterns scanned or by using fairly low maximum cross-correlation thresholds for event flagging. Preliminary tests of our scanning code show that scans of 100 distinct event patterns can be scanned through a day's worth of waveform data in 75 minutes on one 900Mhz SPARC cpu when continuous seismic data is used. Scanning through collections of all triggered snippets is substantially faster, in proportion to the inverse fraction of total time spanned by the snippet data.
The approach also provides automated cross-correlation pick alignments that can be used for high precision relative locations and for automated low-frequency spectral ratio determinations for magnitude estimates. Clearly the method has potential for automatically cataloging a large fraction of the more numerous microearthquakes, and, in conjunction with the special attributes of similar event groups, updates of the catalogs in an automated monitoring mode can provide near-real-time microearthquake information that can be a powerful tool for monitoring network performance of real event data. Future plans include development and implementation of an automated similar event scanning and cataloging scheme that will provide real-event data from similar small magnitude events for assessment of network health on a much more frequent basis (every few days).
Perhaps more significantly, the approach can also capture and rapidly catalog some of the most scientifically relevant events (e.g. repeats of characteristically repeating microearthquakes used for deep slip rate monitoring and swarms of similar events typically associated with foreshocks and aftershocks). The approach is also surprisingly good at detecting events over a wide magnitude range. Hence there is clear potential for using patterns from larger aftershocks (e.g. flagged by REDI) to rapidly and automatically develop a high-resolution picture of foreshock and aftershock activity associated with large mainshocks. Tests so far using waveform patterns from an aftershock from the Parkfield magnitude 6 event (2.2Ml) have been able to detect and fully process similar events as low as Ml - 1.2 (a range of 3.4 magnitude units). Testing in this regard is continuing, but clearly the 3.4 magnitude range is a lower bound on the potential magnitude range attainable.
Phase Coherency: In order to enhance even further the resolution and scientific value of the similar events identifed using the pattern scanning approach, we are continuing to refine and test our spectral phase coherency algorithm. This algorithm allows for detailed quantification of the similarities and differences between highly similar Hayward fault events to provide characterization of the subsets of similar events known as characteristically repeating microearthquakes. These subsets form groups or sequences of events that are believed to represent recuring ruptures of the same small patch of fault through time, and, once recongnized, such sequences provide a new dimension of constraint on earthquake physics and deep fault deformation through the recurrence intervals and magnitudes of the events comprising the sequences. The complex spectral phase coherency methodology can be carried out in various frequency bands geared appropriately to the magnitude dependence of frequency for earthquakes and is generally an order of magnitude better in its discrimination power than the simple cross correlation method. The goal of the testing and refinement is ultimately to develop a scheme for rapid and objective discrimination and identification of characteristically repeating microearthquakes sequences down to the lowest magnitude possible (where recurrence times are short and hence temporal resolutions are higher) along the Hayward fault, and to use the information from these sequences to gain a better picture of the time evolution of creep deep in the fault zone.
Berkeley Seismological Laboratory
215 McCone Hall, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-4760
Questions or comments? Send e-mail: _EMAIL_
© 2007, The Regents of the University of California

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Quick Answer: What Is _USER_ In Spring Boot?
What is _USER_ in spring?
This is called Spring Java Config feature (using _USER_ annotation)..
What is _USER_ in spring boot?
Spring Boot _USER_ annotation is used to mark a configuration class that declares one or more _USER_ methods and also triggers auto-configuration and component scanning. It's same as declaring a class with _USER_, _USER_ and _USER_ annotations.
What is the difference between _USER_ and _USER_?
The _USER_ annotation is used for auto-wiring in Spring framework. … The _USER_ annotation also serves the same purpose, but the main difference between them is that _USER_ is a standard annotation for dependency injection and _USER_ is spring specific.
What is difference between _USER_ and _USER_?
What's the difference between _USER_ _USER_ _USER_ & _USER_ annotations in spring?
The difference between them is, _USER_ is used to annotate compound classes, _USER_ is a marker for automatic exception translation in the persistence layer, for service layer we need to use _USER_. You can refer Spring Documentation to know more.
What is the difference between _USER_ and _USER_?
What is the difference between _USER_ and _USER_?
Using the annotation _USER_, you can tell Spring where do your Spring-managed components lie. … On the other hand, _USER_ is a generic annotation for any Spring-Managed component. For example – If you create a class called Testing inside the package com. example.
What is a bean class in spring?
Why _USER_ is used in spring?
Spring Component annotation is used to denote a class as Component. It means that Spring framework will autodetect these classes for dependency injection when annotation-based configuration and classpath scanning is used.
What is the use of _USER_ in spring boot?
_USER_ is the most generic Spring annotation. A Java class decorated with _USER_ is found during classpath scanning and registered in the context as a Spring bean. _USER_, _USER_, and _USER_ are specializations of _USER_, which are used for more specific cases.
What is Yaml used for?
_USER_ Indicates that an annotated class is a "component". Such classes are considered as candidates for auto-detection when using annotation-based configuration and classpath scanning. A _USER_ is also a _USER_, but a _USER_ cannot act like a _USER_.
What is use of _USER_?
In computing, configuration files (commonly known simply as config files) are files used to configure the parameters and initial settings for some computer programs. They are used for user applications, server processes and operating system settings.
What is the difference between _USER_ and _USER_?
_USER_ auto detects and configures the beans using classpath scanning whereas _USER_ explicitly declares a single bean, rather than letting Spring do it automatically.
What is _USER_?
The _USER_ annotation is used with the _USER_ annotation to tell Spring the packages to scan for annotated components. _USER_ also used to specify base packages and base package classes using thebasePackageClasses or basePackages attributes of _USER_.
What is bean life cycle in spring?
Bean life cycle is managed by the spring container. When we run the program then, first of all, the spring container gets started. After that, the container creates the instance of a bean as per the request and then dependencies are injected. And finally, the bean is destroyed when the spring container is closed.
Is _USER_ a singleton?
2 Answers. Yes, that is correct, _USER_ is a Spring bean and a Singleton. About singletons – spring beans are all in singleton scope by default. The only thing you have to have in mind is that you should not store state in field variables (they should only hold dependencies).
What are examples of configuration items?
What does _USER_ do in spring?
What is _USER_ used for?
_USER_ is used to mark a method as one that creates a bean and Spring will then add it to the context for us. The return type of the method defines the type of bean that is created, so both of the beans created in this example will be referred to by the type MyBean rather than their implementations.
What's a configuration?
In communications or computer systems, a configuration of a system refers to the arrangement of each of its functional units, according to their nature, number and chief characteristics. Often, configuration pertains to the choice of hardware, software, firmware, and documentation.


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There are new superheroes in town, and with the point of a popsicle stick, the zoom-in ability of hyper-focused eyes and ears, and the ability to know words in a "snap," they are flying through their reading levels.
Districtwide, kindergartners are revealing their superhero personas during reading and writing lessons.
That's when they activate powers like Pointer Power (following the words in a story with a stick), Re-read Power, Picture Power, Snap Word Power, Sound Power, Partner Power and Book Talk Power.
When faced with a formidable word, they use Persist Power, like Superman facing down kryptonite.
"What I like about Super Readers is they never give up on reading. They never say, 'I can't,'" said Countryside Elementary school kindergartner Connor Robinson.
Though he uses all his powers at school and at home, Connor is particularly fond of his Sound Power. "I love sounding out the words and hearing the sounds. It sounds like flowers blowing in the wind."
Byron Center schools, including Brown, Marshall and Countryside elementaries, use a curriculum called The Teachers College Reading and Writing Project, developed by Lucy Calkins, which teachers have attended training for at Columbia University, in New York, over the past few years.
The superhero model gives the littlest learners something fun to relate to as they learn to read.
"It's all those beginning reading strategies, but they are being taught to them like powers that they have," said teacher Cindy Viveen. "They activate those powers when they read."
Viveen said the model has helped Byron Center soar to the top. Countryside this fall joined Brown and Marshall as a National Blue Ribbon School winner, meaning all of the district's elementary schools have received the honor in the past three years.
'I love sounding out the words and hearing the sounds. It sounds like flowers blowing in the wind.' — kindergartner Connor Robinson
Teachers start by presenting a mini-lesson on a power, and then have students practice them individually or with a partner, and then return to a group for sharing. It has given students a common language and structure for learning to read and write that they understand and enjoy.
About 95 percent of kindergartners were at or above grade level at the end of last school year.
"They are really light-years ahead," Viveen said. "It's incredible."


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Pension Systems in the First Years of Post-communist Transition: The Development of Public Pension Schemes from 1989 to 1997 in the Countries of CEE and the NIS/FSU
Title: Pension Systems in the First Years of Post-communist Transition: The Development of Public Pension Schemes from 1989 to 1997 in the Countries of CEE and the NIS/FSU
Author: GUGUSHVILI, Alexi
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
Citation: Saarbrucken, LAP Lambert Academic Publishing, 2010
The study seeks to answer what factors played a major role in development of public pension systems in the economies of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and the Newly Independent States of the Former Soviet Union (NIS/FSU). Our analysis, based on data from 1989 to 1997 in 23 transition economies, investigates five main components of public pension system and identifies three groups of countries with different patterns of development. The existing explanations assume that economic performance, demographic ageing, domestic political constellations, external influence and the path dependency are responsible for the variation in pension system development patterns. Multivariate regressions have been used to test these explanations. We found that economic decline explains changes in the qualifying conditions for full pension benefits, the political variables influence patterns of employees' and employers' contributions, while the share of government's revenues in GDP is the best explanation for the variation in pension expenditure. The limitations of the study suggest that longer time periods and a small number of countries should be investigated.


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Europe in the mid to late 18th century was not as backwards as some people may believe. In fact, much of the developed world was at a point of incredible intellectual advancement. In Switzerland, for example, a man named Jaquet Droz and his team were building real, honest-to-HAL robots. They didn't call them that back then, but these automaton androids were incredibly advanced even by today's standards.
Most of them were built to dazzle the incredibly rich who would then fork over money and commission their creators to build more such splendid automated objects. Though highly advanced androids such as Jaquet Droz's "The Writer" were not for sale – as they only existed to tease kings and high lords, many made their way into private collections and one has been reanimated for the first time in Switzerland by the Swatch Group.
The Writer, shown above, is a fully mechanical little boy who sits at a desk and writes out complete phrases using a quill and ink. It was the inspiration for the machine in the movie Hugo. The head and eyes even move with the writing hand and, although in operation the machine sounds a bit like a typewriter, it's an amazing feat of mechanical design. Two other existing Jaquet Droz automatons are called The Draftsman and The Pianist. They are on display in Switzerland and even at over 200 years old they still impress.
Article courtesy of TechCrunch


iOS 7 Killed Skeuomorphism but Metaphor Lives On (and Always Will)
"With the complete roll-out of iOS7 comes a new era for user experience," the overzealous tech luminaries might say, "that is free from the shackles of skeuomorphic metaphor." No longer will we rely on cheap images of wooden shelves and folders to understand the way applications work.
The fact of the matter is that, even with the (near) death of skeuomorphism, it is impossible to escape metaphor. In fact, you cannot conceive of much at all without metaphor. Before I receive any hate mail from militant anti-skeuomorphists, let me explain what exactly I mean by metaphor.
Conceptual Metaphor Theory was proposed by a linguist from UC Berkeley named George Lakoff, and it states that all abstract thoughts are understood through metaphorical comparisons to other more basic, universal concepts. One of my favorite examples of this is related to intimacy¹. In English, we talk about intimacy mostly in terms of proximity and temperature. Having a close relationship means you are very intimate. A warm person is one that is intimate with others. So how did these metaphors come to be? Why don't we use something like verticality to denote intimacy?
The key maxim here is that metaphors for understanding such abstract ideas always break down to fundamental human sensory experiences that are generally learned in infancy. When you were a baby, who was the person in your life that you were most intimate with? Your mother. She held you close against her warm body when you were scared or hungry. As we grow up, we use these early experiences of intimacy to explain and understand our relationships with others. We can only conceive of intimacy in terms of human warmth and physical proximity — INTIMACY is WARMTH and INTIMACY is CLOSENESS.
Our understanding of different user interfaces is based on the conceptual metaphors as well:
 - We know to press the button on the top to increase volume because of the conceptual metaphor MORE is UP.
 - We know to look for inactive programs in the bottom of our screens and below other windows because OFF is DOWN.
 - We know to add similar files to the same directory because of the conceptual metaphor RELATIONSHIPS are CONTAINERS.
The file system on most operating systems is still based on a literal filing cabinet metaphor, which is why it is not common for one file to exist in multiple non-hierarchical folders -after all, they don't in real filing cabinets!
Our understanding of an interface, according to skeuomorphism however, is based on literal metaphor:
 - We know to press the button on the top to increase volume because of thats how it is on physical boom boxes.
 - We know to look for inactive programs in the bottom of our screens and below other windows because it's the same with papers we haven't looked at in a while getting lost under a big stack.
 - We know to add similar files to the same directory because that's how filing cabinets work.
It's not a poor assumption², but it's quite shallow. As you might notice, these literal metaphors are actually understood via conceptual metaphors – even the physical objects! It's conceivable that if the metaphor MORE is UP did not exist, there might not be any vertically-oriented volume controls on boom boxes. It's not boom boxes that make digital volume controls intuitive, its the underlying conceptual metaphors.
At the end of the day, skeuomorphism is more than a terrible design aesthetic; it's an obstacle to doing really great design. Great designers create experiences based on what they know about how humans think, and thought is made up of conceptual metaphor, not just book shelves.
¹ Some other crazy metaphors to think about are ECONOMIES are BUILDINGS, LIFE is a JOURNEY, SEXUALITY is a WEAPON. You can find a list of other metaphors here.
² It is actually a great mechanism to increase early adoption for more ground-breaking technologies. When a new kind of technology enters the market, it is almost always compared to existing technologies to help users understand it — one example is the first cars being called horseless carriages. The iPhone was especially unprecedented, so it was probably strategic for Apple to base much of their UI on real-world things to drive adoption.
Why You'll Take $6,000 Over Better Health
A few months ago, I met Andrew, a financial planner whose boyfriend, Jake is a doctor. As he described his work to me, I couldn't help but remark on the similarities between financial planning and medicine. Both he and Jake have patients/clients with whom they communicate on on a consistent basis. They are also both responsible for maintaining important components of their patients/clients lives – their finances and health respectively. But Andrew later shared some interesting anecdotes that shed light on an unexpected difference between these two professions.
Andrew receives frequent calls from many of his clients, sometimes just to chat about family or current events. One client even requested that he spend three days with her in the Bahamas, drinking margaritas and picking out timeshares – but mostly drinking margaritas. Jake – the doctor – on the other hand, has difficulty maintaining even annual contact with his patients and when they come in to talk there is less opportunity to build the same kind of relationship that Andrew has with his clients; its straight to business.
While Andrew and Jake might not be the most quintessential exemplars of their professions, the truth is, people seem to hold their checkbooks closer to their hearts than they do their health. We make health sacrifices every day in favor of saving money, saving time, propelling our social standing, etc. Why don't I bike to work instead of taking the bus? Why don't I prepare a salad instead of grabbing a massive steak burrito? Why don't I play football instead of sit on the couch watching other people play football? It's about time and money.¹
It might not even be that we care about time and money more than our physical well-being, it's just that they are easier for us to think about. There are two issues we encounter when conceptualizing health that do not exist for time and money: quantification and cause and effect. To demonstrate, let's try a thought experiment:
What would you do with $1,000,000? If you don't live in California where Uncle Sam pockets a good chunk of your money, you might buy a house or a Tesla as those who've made it like to do. Or if you're a pragmatic Silicon Valleyite keeping up with the Joneses, you might invest in a startup some guy you met on Caltrain co-founded. Either way, there is a clear vision of what you can and cannot do with this money all the way down to the last cent.
Now, what would you do with excellent health? There's the first problem – what the hell does excellent health mean? While no one has come up with any sort of dollar equivalent for health,² the quantified self movement is pushing towards it.
Those involved in this movement try to measure every aspect of their lives. They've got fit bits and fuelbands and gizmos and gadgets galore to measure everything from sleep to step count. The problem is, at the end of the day, all we can do is put this data into pretty graphs showing upward and downward trends. So you walked 200 more steps than yesterday? Cool story bro. Honestly, the body is a really complicated place and we're still a long ways away from accurately quantifying health even across just a few metrics for specific diseases.
Ok, back to the scenario: assuming we had some way of deducing that you were in the top 10% healthiest people in the US (like you would be in the top 10% wealthiest with $1M), what does that actually get you? A faster mile time? Probably. Better looking abs? I hope so. How about a longer life? Perhaps. The issue is that even with great health, there is still uncertainty that lies in genetics and the environment.
I have this strange disposition to have disproportionately large biceps. Cool right? Nah – it's to the point where if I work out for an extended period of time (which I don't), I start to resemble something like Pop-Eye the Sailor Man. Humor aside, there is an array of chronic conditions that range in seriousness and visibility that cannot be changed even through medical intervention.
Suppose you do not have any of these genetic predispositions. If you're eating right and working out with the aim to live longer, you might as well not leave your house because the probability of you dying in a car accident is higher than you think – unintentional injuries was the 5th most common cause of death in the US in 2011. The environment we live in, like our genetic makeup, is beyond our control, but plays a massive role in our overall health.
The point is this: we favor money over health most of the time because it is better quantified such that we understand exactly what it gets us. But building on that, the moral of the story of the financial planner and the doctor is that gratitude comes from understanding.
So, Andrew, you've helped me divest in Zynga and now I have $6,000 more dollars to kick around this week? Great, I'll buy you copious libations and also that Les Paul Guitar I've had my eye on. You are essentially giving me the guitar.
So, the exercise regiment you've suggested seems to be making my heart stronger? Thanks, Jake… But it's hard for me to be truly thankful when I don't know (and truly


Science Education Home Home Teachers Students Games Videos VA SOL Programs
Questions and Answers
If atoms are 99.999999999999% empty space then why don't things pass right through them?
Now the question you should be asking is, if atoms push away from each other, why doesn't the entire universe just blow away from itself? The answer is that some, actually most atoms' electron shells are not full. When two atoms come together and have empty spaces in their electron shells, they will share electrons to fill in the spaces in both of their shells. Yes, the electrons really do go back and forth between atoms and they do so pretty fast. Electrons tend to be kind of mobile, which is also a very nice feature of nature, since without it your walkman would not work. Once both atoms' outer shells are full due to this electron sharing, they go back to their usual repulsive behavior. This, by the way, is how we get molecules and the secret to understanding Chemistry. It's all about the electrons!
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Does hunger promote negative feelings?
Being hungry activates a small group of neurons that are involved with negative feelings. Research has found that having a meal stops this brain activity, bringing on a sense of happiness.
Eating, dining and feasting are some of the most rewarding human experiences often bringing about happiness and feelings of comfort. These feelings of happiness and reward after eating are rooted in the human brain and learning creates some of the pathways.
With each meal, neural pathway circuits that link food with good times and experiences are reinforced. Another explanation for the enjoyment associated with food and eating is that when we eat we suppress negative pathways in the brain.
A team of scientists in the US have been following the activities of small subsets of neurons in the brains that produce AGRP (agouti-related protein). Their research is performed on mice.
These neurons fire when a mouse (or human) is hungry. Scientists were able to switch on and off these neurons using highly selective chemicals implanted in the brains of the mice.
When activated, the AGRP neurons made the mice unhappy with them retreating to the corner and not engaging socially. The opposite was true when the AGRP neurons were switched off. In this case the mice went out and explored new places, including unfamiliar objects and generally socialised well with other mice.
This experimental work highlights that being hungry triggers the AGRP neurons and causes negative feelings. It's the root cause of the negative moods associated with being hungry.
Eating switches these neurons off, alleviating these moods and increasing the feeling of happiness and reward. This reiterated how difficult it may be to take on the simple strategy of eating less to lose weight.
A more holistic approach to weight loss may need to be taken including eating nutritious foods that are known to promote satiety and getting plenty of exercise.
Betley JN et al. Neurons for hunger and thirst transmit a negative-valence teaching signal. Nature 2016;521:180-185.
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Growing businesses have limited resources and aggressive targets. However, this doesn't mean they need to use outdated resources that slow down the agreement process. Instead, small contracting teams can do more with less by using modern technology to centralise, standardise and automate agreement activity.
In this eBook, we answer all the questions growing companies have about their first CLM solution, including:
- What does CLM technology do?
- Which data points indicate that it's time to consider a CLM solution?
- How does a team know it's ready for a CLM solution?
- What are the most important features to look for in a team's first CLM?


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One of the historical costs of paving has been the labor and material expenses to stake out the jobsite with pins and stringlines. This is an estimated expense of $1 per linear foot. If you begin utilizing Leica's 3D stringless paving, you can eliminate the pins, string, and most of the labor associated with setting them. Is it a good investment? Take a look at a real paving example below:
- Existing Job – Paving an 11-mile, 4-lane divided highway. This means you are paving 22 miles and setting 6 stringline set-ups with ramps.
- Setting stringline for a total of 696,960 linear feet.
- Estimated cost per linear foot for stringline is $1.00.
- Total estimated cost for setting stringline for ONE job is nearly $700,000.
For the cost of setting the stringline for one project, you can easily purchase, have installed and be trained on two mainline paving systems and have money left over. You will also be able to continually reuse the systems, reducing costs for future jobs.
There are also additional benefits to going stringless that should be considered that can positively impact your financials:
- Increase jobsite safety
- Improve project logistics
- Reduce time to complete the job
- Potentially a better ride quality
- Potential to obtain a higher percent of smooth-ride bonus
- Reduce material waste


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Stone Dwelling Centipedes
The shiny brown centipedes that scuttle away when stones and logs are turned over nearly all belong to the group known as 'lithobiids' or'stone dwellers'. They are much broader than the average centipedes, their legs are much longer and they can run much faster.
Stone Centipede Characteristics
The Stone Dwelling centipede has a more circular head which has a number of simple eyes. These are darkly pigmented and when they are numerous, they form a dark patch on each side of their head.
Their antennae are quite long, usually at least one third of the length of the body. The Stone Dwelling centipedes are well adapted for life on the surface of the ground and, although they may burrow into the soil during the winter, they are less commonly found in the soil than the 'Ground centipedes'.
The Stone Dwelling centipede has a much stouter and less flexible body and therefore less suitable for tunneling activities.
Adult stone-dwellers always have 15 trunk segments and 15 pairs of legs, and there is a distinguished mark between their segments on the upper surface their body.
The plates on the underside are all more or less alike, and so the joints on the upper and lower surfaces are not all in line. This makes for rigidity. When the animals are moving at speed, the thrust and leverage caused by their long legs tend to throw the body into curves.
A slight flexing is still noticeable when the centipede runs at speed, but without the staggering of the plates, the body would become hopelessly contorted and the legs would become thoroughly tangled. Like other centipedes, they are more active at night. They feed on insects and other small invertebrates.
Stone Centipede Reproduction
Female Stone Dwelling centipedes are easily recognisable from males by their much larger, claw-like gonopods protruding from the body between the hind legs.
The female uses her gonopods to hold her eggs while she coats them with mucus and with particles of soil. She then abandons the eggs one by one on the ground or among leaves.
Unlike the ground-loving centipede babies, young stone-dweller centipedes do not have a full set of legs when they hatch.
The newly hatched centipede has only seven pairs of legs and seven fully developed trunk segments. More legs and trunk segments appear after each molt and after four molts the centipede is fully equipped with its 15 pairs of legs. It has to undergo several more skin changes however, and the larger species may not reach full maturity until they are about 2 years old. If they escape their enemies, they may live 5 or 6 years.
More Insects and Bugs
Praying Mantis |


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Variation in diet and habitat resource use in desert adapted lizards in Western Australia
MetadataShow full item record
Impacts of ecological competition are reduced when organisms play different roles in their environment. More individuals can survive on varied but finite sets of resources when organisms eat different kinds of prey, live in different places, or are active at different times. Species within an assemblage of small fossorial snakes have ecologies that vary mostly by diet. Different species eat very different things. Species live in different habitats on sand ridges, but the differences are less dramatic than in diet. Disparity in resource use typically varies the most according to species, so that individuals of the same species are more similar to each other than they are to individuals of other species. However, variation exists in resource use within species over time and space. Wide variation exists in dietary resource use in four well-sampled species of comb-eared skinks. However, where species occur at the same study site there are clear distinctions in resource use between species despite the wide variation in diets observed between individuals of the same species. Additionally, strict ecological distances in diet between species are maintained during five censuses that were conducted over a 16-year period. These results illustrate the basic ecological principals of fundamental and realized niches. Here, individuals ate many different food items and species have the potential to overlap in diet but that overlap is reduced because of realized ecological boundaries between species within a single place and time, which result in decreased competition for resources.


Probation Officer Psychological Evaluation
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Pre-employment psychological evaluations are sometimes referred to as pre-employment psychological testing, pre-employment psychological screening evaluations, pre-employment psych screening, pre-employment psychological exams, or pre-employment psychological interviews. Pre-employment psychological evaluations involve a structured process that includes background information, pre-employment psychological testing, psychological interviews, review of records, data integration, and pre-employment psychological reports. Pre-employment psychological evaluations include firefighter psychological evaluations (sometimes referred to as firefighter psychological tests), law enforcement psychological evaluations, peace officer psychological evaluations, police officer psychological evaluations (sometimes referred to as police officer psychological tests), sheriff deputy psychological evaluations, probation officer psychological evaluations, correctional officer psychological evaluations, and 911 dispatcher psychological evaluations. In the State of California, peace officer pre-employment psychological evaluations are sometimes referred to as California POST psychological evaluations or California POST psychologist evaluations.


text:
Release:2016, Vol. 2. №1
About the authors:Galina I. Moreva, Cand. Sci. (Psych.), Associate Professor, Department of General and Social Psychology Institute of Psychology and Pedagogy, Tyumen State University; _EMAIL_
Abstract:Nowadays it is possible to observe the contradictory phenomena, when the activity of young electors goes down during the elections, young people demonstrate a mistrust to the political structures, and the amount of the young people involved in the political organizations activity still remains at a low level. Apart from that one can see a high enough level of the public's destructive activity, including protesting, as in the street protest acts, which easily turn into calls for mutiny and power takeover, as it on the Bolotnaya Square in 2012. The article presents an attempt to study the features of young of different political activity.


Ways of Going Home
17934556Alejandro Zambra, 2011
Translated from the Spanish by Megan McDowell, 2013
"To read is to cover one's face, I thought.
To read is to cover one's face. And to write is to show it." (50)
Ways of Going Home was a nice little surprise of a book. Written in four parts, it starts out as a childhood recollection of a young boy's interest in his classmate who asked him to spy on his neighbor. The first-person narrative of the boyhood story had an engaging sense of mystery set against the backdrop of a true to life historical Chilean earthquake. That mystery is abruptly turned upside down as the second part abruptly reveals itself to be the written from the voice of the author of the first part. Set several years in the future, the author discusses his struggling relationship with his ex-wife and his desire to share his story with her.
"She asked me later, half-joking, if the characters stay together for the rest of their lives…"it's never like that in good novels, but in bad novels anything is possible,"… afterward I tried to keep writing, I don't know which direction to take. I don't want to talk about innocence or guilt; I want nothing more than to illuminate some corners, the corners where we were." (48)
The third part revisits the story of the boy as a grown adult as he rekindles a relationship with that same childhood girl and the fourth revisits the author's voice. The novel's blend of a novel within a novel and a voice of self-awareness allows a reflective perception upon the intentions of the text that explores ideas of identity and family relationships. The childhood story and the earthquake take place during the Pinochet-era Chile and the author's story takes place in the more democratic present. The reflection on the past and how those experiences influence one's views and opportunities is an consistent theme throughout the book:
"Now that I think about it, there was a time when everyone gave advice. When life consisted of giving and receiving advice. But then all of a sudden, no one wanted any more advice. It was too late, we'd fallen in love with failure, and the wounds were trophies just like when we were kids, after we'd been playing under the trees. But Rodrigo gives advice. And he listens to it, asks for it. He's in love with failure, but he's also, still, in love with old and noble kinds of friendship." (54)
The fluid transition from a fictional perspective of a historical reality to authorial awareness and back to fiction allows the novel to achieve a blended sense of light somberness that questions universal ideas that extend beyond the Chilean history that sets the backdrop for the multi-perspectives of the book:
"Our story isn't terrible. There was pain, and we'll never forget that pain, but we also can't forget the pain of others. Because we were protected, in the end; because there were others who suffered more, who suffer more." (97)
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Signs Preceding the End of the World
21535546Yuri Herrera, 2009
Translated from the Spanish by Lisa Dillman, 2015
Signs Preceding the End of the World is a special book. With brevity of page and word it manages to explore ideas and themes that most books 10 times its length only attempt to explore, and it does so with a compelling plot and a fascinating protagonist worth celebrating as an original and powerful heroine. It is up there in the unique family of books that compelled me to take a second look and reread to better savor the beauty of its prose and the diversity of themes that cover ideas of identity, culture, family, inheritance, mafia, the dangers and promises that inspire border-crossing, the complexities of race including cultural and racial stereotypes, the location of power, human relationships to technology, and most importantly, the significance of language and its relevance to all the ideas just mentioned.
This is a translated work and on my initial reading, the words used in the linguistic style of English-translation captivated me. I can only imagine the beauty of the original Spanish. In my reading, I recognized a compelling similarity to Cormac McCarthy's unpuctuated, vaguely broken and sparse, poetic prose. Gone are the quotation mark. Conversations between characters flow across the page with only a Capitalization indicating the change in voice. And there are prosaic moments that stand out with a biblical voice revealing spiritually universal truths that apply to all. After my initial reading, I was pleased to read the translator's note from Lisa Dillman who confessed that in translation she was inspired by McCarthy's The Road as a voice of inspiration to express the tone of Herrera's original Spanish text.
An example of the McCarthy-like prose is expressed here in the following passage describing the protagonist, Makina, awaking on a bus:
"Makina could never be sure of what she'd dreamed, in the same way that she couldn't be sure a place was where the map said it was until she'd gotten there, but she had the feeling she'd dreamed of lost cities: literally, lost cities inside other lost cities, all ambulating over an impenetrable surface." (32-33)
A moment of awaking from an unknown dream is transitioned into ideas of location and one's connection to understanding and personal awareness. These ideas aren't as macabre as McCarthy, but they are explored with the same succinctness of prose that captivate and enthrall the reader's attention toward the significance buried in the ideas behind the words.
Aside from the similarities to McCarthy's work, which work ideally for the setting of the Mexican/American border, what really stood out were the non-standard and unique words that Dillman used throughout the text. Most prominent was the word verse used to describe a sort of going from one place to another. Dillman explains that Hererra used the frequently used "neologism: jarchar…the word is derived from jarchas (from the Arabic kharja, meaning exit)" (112) and Dillman chose to use the word verse in its place because like jarchar it is a "noun-turned verb, a term clearly referring to poetry, and part of several verbs involving motion and communication," (113). In so doing, Dillman manages to adeptly express the importance of language as a core aspect of both personal and cultural identity in the pages of Signs Preceding the End of the World.
This is the story of a confident, street-smart, and headstrong woman who choses to cross the Mexican-American border to seek out her brother who left for America some time prior. Her brother left in search of the fortunes promised by a supposed mafia deal, but Makina, the heroine, is crossing only to find her brother and discover his fate. In that crossing she is faced with challenges, her life and safety is often at risk, and she is constantly bargaining to find her way. Through all of this, her connection to language, her ability to cross the border of her native and the "anglo" tongue, help directs her passage from one land to the next. Her awareness of the importance of language reveals truths that extend beyond her Mexican heritage or her "illegal" crossing into the "anglo" lands:
"Using in one tongue the word for a thing in the other makes the attributes of both resound: if you say Give me fire when they say Give me light, what is not to be learned about fire, light, and the act of giving? It's not another way of saying things: these are new things. The world happening anew, Makina realizes: promising other things, signifying other things, producing different objects. Who knows if they'll last, who knows if these names will be adopted by all, she thinks, bye there they are, doing their damnedest." (66)
This connection to language is most powerfully explored in a scene wherein Makina is rounded up with a group of fellow illegal immigrants by an overzealous police officer. The officer, hands on his pistol, discovers that one of the shocked immigrants is holding a book of poems. In his zeal, the cop attempts to humiliate the man by forcing him to write out a poem at gunpoint. In his fear the man cannot write, but Makina snatches the book and writes a powerful poem in English for the cop, who on reading it, loses the strength and confidence in his actions as his confident voice is reduced to a whimpering whisper that causes him to stumble away, his power lost by Makina's written word.
In many moments such as these Signs Preceding the End of the World convincingly uses language to explore complex ideas. One such idea is the relation of identity as relevant to time and an individual's intended commitment to location. As she embarks upon her journey, Makina is committed to return to her home, however she isn't sure that her brother will return with her since time and distance will have changed his relation to his home, heritage, and the identity that he left behind. He has been gone too long to capably return to his former home and remain the same person he was when he left:
"at any rate long enough too long that when he came back it turned out that everything was still the same, but now somehow all different, or everything was similar but not the same: his mother was no longer his mother, his brothers and sisters, they


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South African National Parks
The gastrointestinal tract of southern white rhinos provides a safe and singular home for the developing larvae of the rhinoceros stomach botfly.
Of lice and men and the value of small, disgusting things
The rhinoceros stomach botfly is a hard bug to love. In its larval stages, the fly uses mouth hooks and spines to attach itself to the stomach linings of black or white rhinos, appearing some time later in the mammals' dung, from which it quickly buries itself in the ground.
A mighty wind
Machine mimics hurricanes to test if structures can withstand nature's wrath
THE ORLANDO SENTINEL
SWEETWATER, Fla. – The door was the first to give, bursting open in an instant. Then the shingles peeled off the roof, scattering in the wind. Finally, the jalousie windows exploded, shooting shards of glass across the lawn.
Rain link: Sprinkles make ground shake
German geologists, monitoring swarms of tiny tremors in Bavaria, found that a little bit of rain can change water pressure in porous rocks enough to set off an earthquake.


text:
NameChum Pro 2.5.0
Secure online registration
NameChum Pro is an application for changing the name of files, folders and disks. It is useful for normal desktop usage, but becomes cool when works, fine, fast and in background, with thousands of files.
NameChum Pro can modify the name of objects by using one of offered options:
- Rename. Also NameChum automatically add a progressive number, as prefix or suffix, to changed names.
- Rename with numbers. NameChum rename your objects by using progressive numbers. You may select the starting number. You may also add custom prefix or suffix, to changed names.
- Custom prefix and/or suffix.
- Date. As prefix and/or suffix.
- Time. As prefix and/or suffix.
- Progressive number. As prefix and/or suffix.
Moreover NameChum Pro has other cool features for working on names:
- searches/replaces characters,
- removes any number of characters starting from whatever position into names,
- truncates start and/or end of names.
Through preferences you may decide:
- the default action,
- the default job method,
- whether NameChum Pro should scan directories,
- whether it should change names of directories,
- whether it should restart the progressive number at each session,
- whether it should try to set the extensions of names following the Internet Config "File Mapping" setting,
- whether it should set the extensions of names following only the Internet Config File Mapping" setting,
- up to four file type to ignore during the renaming,
- up to four file type to rename, ignoring the other ones.
Internet Config has a great Database containing extension: NameChum Pro allows you to use it, when you should insert a new suffix. You may easily modify this Database...
By using hot keys you may skip the "request" dialog and changing, on the fly, by using the default action. Moreover there's a key for setting the preferences before work.
After all you may use the enclosed Contextual Menu Extension for asking NameChum Pro to rename your selection.
NameChum Pro is Internet Config, Drag Manager and Navigation Manager aware, moreover it's Appearance savvy. It requires at least System 7 to run.
What's new in 2.5.0 version
Hardware and software requirements
- Rename option.
- Rename with numbers option.
- Contextal Menu extension.
- Extensions Database.
- NameChum Pro ignore, now, invisible files.
- Better Appearance dialogs.
- New About Box.
- Removed registration form from About Box.
- Added Registrations folder.
- Added Support folder.
- Recompiled with Interfaces-Libraries 3.3.2
- Internet Menu changed.
- Linked with MoreFiles 1.5.
- Linked with Appearance SDK 1.04.
- Linked with Internet Config 2.0.2.
- Recompiled by using the newest compiler.
- Addresses update.
- Minor bug, saving window position, fixed.
- A bug in Navigation routines fixed.
- Pro version.
NameChum Pro should work on any Macintosh with a minimum of System 7. It's accelerated for PowerPC. If you have the Appearance Manager and/or same the Navigation Manager and/or same the Drag Manager, they will be taken advantage of. Some menu items may be disabled or some feature may be inactive if you don't have Internet Config 2.0 installed (only on PowerMac).
Visitors of this Site:
The ZDNet's NameCum page
The NameChum page on FileDudes.


text:
Baroque Flute Handbook/Care
Breaking In a Flute
Baroque flutes are made of wood. When played, moisture condenses out of the breath to settle on the flute's inner bore. The wood inside the bore absorbs this moisture and expands. Wood on the exterior of the flute stays relatively dry and does not expand. That difference of expansion produces stress that (in the worst case) is relieved by cracks. Most at risk are new instruments and instruments that have dried out because of infrequent playing. (It can take as little as a week or two between playing sessions for a flute to return to its original dried-out condition.)
To make a new or unplayed flute's transition from dry to damp as stress-free as possible, the player must follow a break-in routine that gradually increases the amount of moisture absorbed (and retained) by the flute. The key idea is to minimize moisture by playing the flute for only a small amount of time at first, and then gradually increase that time, and thus also the amount of moisture absorbed by the wood, until the instrument reaches a point of equilibrium at which it can be played for extended periods (within reason). There are various schedules recommended for this process, but all follow the same pattern: a gradual increase of moisture to which the instrument is exposed. The following sections outline several representative schedules.
- Day 1: 10 min
- Day 2: 20 min
- Day 3: 30 min
- Day 4: 40 min
- Day 5: 50 min
- Day 6: 60 min
- Day 7: 80 min
- Day 8: 120 min
- Day 1: 10 min
- Day 2: 15 min
- Day 3: 20 min
- Day 4: 25 min
- Day 5: 30 min
- Day 6: 35 min
- Day 7: 40 min
- Day 8: 45 min
- Day 9: 50 min
- Day 10+: 60 min
Folkers & Powell
- Week 1–2: 10 min twice a day
- Week 3–4: 30 min/day
- Week 5 and after: 60 min/day
The inner bore of a flute must be oiled periodically. The thin layer of oil acts as a buffer. It allows some moisture to pass from the breath into the wood, but not too much or too quickly. Some authorities claim that oil alters the sound and playability of the flute for the better, but they provide few specifics as to either the mechanisms or the effects. Oil could make the interior more smooth by filling in between ridges left during the boring process. That could, plausibly, alter sound and playability. In the absence of solid, quantified research, suffice it to say that oil does provide a measure of protection for the instrument and it may even improve sound and playability. Even if the improvements were to be found largely placebo effects, they would be improvements nonetheless. In the final analysis, you should oil your flute. Certainly for the protection. Perhaps for sound and playability. And last, but not least, because it is a regular checkup that turns up unnoticed issues and shines your instruments back to their peak.
What oil to use?
Two kinds of oils are used on wooden flutes: hardening and non-hardening.
- Hardening oils (also known as drying oils) dry to a finish and leave a semi-permanent layer on the wood. Linseed oil is a hardening oil.
- Non-hardening oils (also known as non-drying oils) do not dry.
Most vegetable oils (almond oil, olive oil, peanut oil, etc.) are said to be non-hardening, though in reality they simply are slower to harden. There are many reasons to select a particular oil, including whether or not the oil is prone to going rancid, or even preferences as to the taste of an oil.
When shopping for oils, it's important to know that they are not always sold under the same name commonly used in the traverso world. Linseed oil is often sold as flaxseed oil, while rapeseed oil has been renamed (for marketing reasons) canola oil.
Almond oil is popular, but some people have problems with it going rancid. Mixing vitamin E with the oil is sometimes advised as a way to prevent this. About one capsule of vitamin E per 8 to 10 oz. is a recommended mix. It's still a good idea to store almond oil in a cool place. Even with the use of vitamin E, some people have reported problems with the oil applied to an instrument later becoming sticky and rancid. One theory (not confirmed to this author's knowledge) is that there are two grades of almond oil, food and pharmaceutical, and that pharmaceutical grade should be used to avoid problems.
Linseed oil (raw, unboiled) is a hardening oil. It's also a controversial oil. Some swear by it. Others reject its use entirely. It's not entirely clear why this is so. Perhaps it's because some early authors, especially Tromlitz, discouraged its use, saying it left a crust inside the instrument that alters the bore. On the other hand, many players of that time believed almost superstitiously in the ability of oil to improve the playing characteristics of an instrument and were prone to use more than liberal quantities. Were linseed oil to be used in this way, it's not surprising that it might get a bad reputation. However, when used properly, it has much to recommend it because of its hardening qualities. One must simply not use it too often, in too large a quantity, or let the unabsorbed oil sit for too long unswabbed.
While not "historically authentic," some people do use non-vegetable oils containing petroleum distillates or other chemicals. These are the sorts of bore oils you are likely to find in music stores. Lacking evidence to the contrary, it seems the vegetable oils do just as good a job (and they won't make you sick or kill you if ingested).
Another opinion: vegetable oils all tend to rancidity (which is not good to consume even in very small doses) and become gummy (harden) and (as Tromlitz observed) build up on the surface of the wood after a time. The vegetable oils sold as tung oil and "boiled" linseed oil (which some flute makers do use) also often have additives that can be quite toxic. On the other hand, mineral oil which is intended to be taken internally as a laxative is sold in pharmacies: the small amounts one might ingest from playing a mineral-oiled flute are unlikely to have any effect at all on the ingestee. Mineral oil is chemically close to inert, and does not oxidize or harden, yet it soaks into the cells of wood and limits the amount of moisture that can be absorbed. In other words, mineral oil seems to provide all the benefits sought from oiling without the drawbacks of rancidity, hardening and surface buildup that are inherent with vegetable oils.
How often to oil?
Opionions on this topic seem to depend on whether a hardening or non-hardening oil is being advocated, though about once a month is the median point for both camps. For non-hardening oils on instruments played frequently, it may be necessary to oil more often. For hardening oils on instruments played infrequently, oiling less often may be a good idea to minimize any problems with accumulation in the bore.
How to oil?
Carnauba wax mixed half-and-half with Vaseline makes a good polish for the outside of the flute. It is also found in car polishes, but they don't say in what proportions. Carnauba wax can be purchased in hard-flake, pure form from wood finishing suppliers. After melting it with Vaseline, rub it on the wood and polish with a soft cloth especially good around the mouth-hole.
A simpler approach: rub some of the bore oil on the outside of the instrument, allow to soak in, then polish with a soft cloth or chamois.
Reaming and Reboring
Reaming and reboring are the process of sending a flute back to its maker on occasion to have its inner profile restored what it was when it first left the shop and had not yet been altered through the ravages of moisture and playing. There are two schools of thought with regard to this process: most believe it is an essential part of wooden flute maintenance; a few find it to be a highly questionable practice.
Reaming and Reboring: The Majority Opinion
Most makers hold that the inner bore of a traverso may need to be reamed back to its original profile on occasion. Wood changes shape, especially when it goes through the wet and dry cycles of playing. The inner bore may distort a bit. This can change the pitch of the instrument and the octave spacing between some notes. The distortion may be slight, but it can still alter the instrument's performance. To the player, it can feel like a stiffness or inflexibility in the instrument, either it cannot be pushed to play louder, or it may feel "wooden," with a somewhat coarse tone is difficult to play softly. Because the traverso allows for playing with great variations in pitch, one may not notice the small pitch shifts that have made the instrument inherently out of tune, but will instead find it simply uncomfortable to play. This can be hard to notice since the changes are usually gradual.
Instrument makers all have their own procedures to deal with this. It's usually a matter of


Schrödinger's Gun GMing: Placing Plot Dominos
Welcome to the plots and scope article in the Schrödinger's Gun GMing series!
On Story and Plot
Let's get something straight right now: Story is not just awesome things happening. Story is how people react to the awesome things happening around them. If a tree falls in the wood and there's nobody there to witness it, then by our Schrödinger's Gun definition of reality it hasn't happened until someone either sees it happen or discovers the fallen tree. By the same token if you have a pile of really cool things that happen in your game and nobody really cares, chances are you've missed a connection to the people involved, either the player characters or someone close to the player characters. In this case awesome things happening don't mean much without a context that matters to the player characters.
Plot is subtly different. It's not Story by itself, but Plot provides the underpinnings or plan for the Story to build from. Uncoincidentally, the verb "to plot" means to plan secretly, or to map out, or to determine and make points as on plotting paper. All of these definitions have a place in gaming, especially as we start talking about Plot Points which are nothing more than scenes or ideas or things that happen to cause the Story.
Thinking About Plot Points
You create Plot Points to guide the action of your in-game Story. I like to think of Plot Points like dominos, one falls and causes waves of future dominos to fall. But here's the thing: with Schrödinger's Gun GMing all dominos that haven't fallen yet remain in your hand waiting to be placed in a Grand Pattern. This gives us tremendous flexibility at the cost of more work keeping everything straight. We'll get back to organization techniques in a bit.
So you're alone in your Crystal Castle of GM Creation and you're secretly mapping out Plot Points which you duly note on paper. How much detail does each Plot Point really need? Truthfully, not much at all. When you boil down a story into tiny chunks of what happens next, you should only need one sentence to describe each point. If you're really succinct, you can write a Plot Point in two words. However many words it takes you, each Plot Point should cover only one thought without much detail. Details like how a piece of information is discovered can be left until runtime.
So each Plot Point is a single idea, but not all ideas carry the same weight. To treat "Discover someone knows who killed Joven's family" the same way as "War breaks out" may make perfect sense since they're both Plot Points, but they're tremendously different in terms of Scope. War will plunge two nations into bloodshed, while finding a bit of information may only interest one person. A Plot Point's Scope informs us about where it belongs in terms of different areas of influence. Scopes will tend to get larger as the party gathers more influence and power, but it's useful to think about all Scopes at all levels starting at the very beginning of the game to provide a more realistic setting, especially since a single Plot Point can operate on several different levels of Scope simultaneously.
Let's nail down Scope a bit here. Scopes can be as simple as differing social groups, but for gaming purposes I think of wider and wider groups of people who have a generally unified opinion about something. With that in mind, I think of Scopes at different levels: Personal, Group, Town, Country, and World/Reality. Each Scope in this list can contain many Scopes of a smaller level, and if you really want to go insane you can think of Personal Scope as a collection of individual desires or moods, or keep extending the larger end and building a Multiverse Scope. I'll stick with these five scopes and leave extensions as an exercise for the reader.
Why Bother With Scope?
Working with Scope gives you depth of story. If Story comes from people reacting to events, then considering reactions across several Scopes will help your world come alive. Very few events have a unified universal reaction. Even invasion by Things Man Was Not Meant To Know was caused by a cell of cultists who wanted to open the portal for whatever misguided reason. Evil does not spontaneously pop into existence, it flows from the hearts and minds of sentient beings, and thinking about scope can help you show this to your players.
As I mentioned previously, Plots and by extension Stories can impact several different Scopes simultaneously. If your rescue the princess, you may have the accolades of the king and official support of the court, but the people that kidnapped her are plot revenge and you won't be getting any free drinks in the town she refused to help during the last goblin raids. If you're part of a group that does questionable things in the name of the greater good, don't be surprised when the people who support you sometimes question your methods.
Since there are five Scopes in our working model, we can think of Scope as a third dimension in the 5x5 Design Method created by DaveTheGame to give us a framework for thinking about Plot Point Scopes. The 5x5 method tells us to take 5 Plots or Quests and give them each 5 Plot Points with different locations, then shuffle as needed to give the player characters something relevant to do when they start travelling the world. For purposes of Schrödinger's Gun GMing, we can actually ignore location of most Plot Points since in many cases the location doesn't matter and we want the flexibility to change location as needed for those Plot Points that haven't happened yet. Now let's add the Scope dimension into the mix and start thinking about how each Plot Point will cause a reaction at each Scope level. In the next article, we'll take the opposite temporal view and look at how to bait your adventure hooks using this same approach.
Let's take an example from the 5x5 Design Method article. Let's say the party meets Elrond and retrieves Narsil. What are the ramifications of that Plot Point in each Scope? I'm going to spin beyond Tolkien here, so bear with me. Personally, Elrond will form an opinion of the party, for good or for ill, which he may share with others. If there's a Group that wants Narsil for themselves, the party just picked up an adversary who may come after them. A City's leadership may get nervous about revolution when someone swaggers into town with Narsil sheathed at his hip, though the opposition Group may reach out and try to draft the party into leading a revolution. At a Country level, maybe different states are excitedly waiting for the wielder to return and unify the land. World-wide the party have just become big players on the international stage since Elrond has entrusted them with Narsil.
The options are limitless from your own imagination, and doubly so when your players get involved. If someone at your table happens to say, "I hope the Ringwraiths don't get their hands on Narsil," then you should be thinking of ways for that to happen and what the outcome would be. It might not work, but if your players are thinking along those lines then half your work is done since you've already got their buy-in on that particular Plot Point. Maybe Narsil will burn the Ringwraiths if they try to use it. Maybe they steal it and try to destroy it in a mirror image of the ringbearer's quest. What happens in your game is up to you and your group.
Scopes for NPC Depth
Every NPC should have Personal goals, but they may be involved in Plots at any level. That innkeper may just want to get rich, but she may be a leader in the Merchant's Guild, or she may be a spy for a rival country, or she may be looking for the hero of the prophecy, or all 3 of these may be true at once. If you think about yourself, you're not just what you do for a living. You have secret personal goals.You may be involved in a far-ranging group of online RPGers who can call on each other for random props or get-togethers. You may feel strongly about your country and want to enact some changes at the highest levels of government. You may want to explore the stars and prevent the cataclysm that will propel mankind back to the stone age. All of these are present in you all the time. By expending the little effort it takes to think in terms of Scope, you can add the same depth to your NPCs during play.
An NPC can be involved in a Plot but want to keep it a secret from everybody. This gives your party something to work toward if they want to influence the NPC in a significant way. Giving your NPCs secrets for your player characters to uncover has been around for a while, appearing in various places such as Ray Winninger's Dungeoncraft column from Dragon magazine in the late '90s (Read The Whole Dungeoncraft Series Right Now if you haven't - it contains some great campaign creation tips), and just this week as an article in Dungeon's Save My Game column.
Brainstorming Tools
If you run a game regularly, chances are you already have a primary Plot in place for the game. That's great! Now what about filling in everything that's not the primary Plot? Where do those ideas come from?
First and foremost, rely on your players. If they've thought about the background of their characters at all, at minimum you can mine a Personal Plot from that work. Village burned when Joven was young? Great! Drop a hint