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Earl H. Richardson was a meter reader for the Ontario Power Company in the early 1900's. In his spare time, he experimented
with electrifying flat irons. Designing a small, lighter weight model (flatirons could weigh 5-10 pounds each), he convinced
his company to generate power all day every Tuesday (ironing day) so power customers could use his new iron. He reasoned that
if enough electric irons were in use, customers would demand more power and the high rates would be reduced. It worked.
By 1904, he left the power company and started up the Pacific Electric Heating Company on Euclid Avenue just below the railroad
tracks to manufacture electric irons.
A major problem was soon identified: the iron got too hot in the center of the ironing plate. Richardson asked his wife
Mary for advice (!). She suggested that he make an iron with more heat at the point for easier pressing around buttonholes,
ruffles and pleats. He fabricated this new improved version and gave several to local laundresses to try for one week. When
he returned, they refused to part with "the iron with the hot point". In 1905, he made and sold more electric irons under
the "Hotpoint" name than any other company in America.
Between 1911 and 1917, Richardson found other innovative ways to marry electricity with household appliances. Thus was born
the "El" line (El meaning "electric"): El Perco (an electric coffeepot), El Chafo (chafing dish), El Tosto (electric toaster),
El Stovo (an early hotplate), El Eggo, El Teballo (electric teapot), and El Warmo (electric heating pad). An early crockpot,
(the "jug cooker") came out in 1929.
With World War I raging in Europe, a merger was proposed with Richardson's Hotpoint Electric Heating Company, George Hughes
(owner/inventor of the electric range) and the heating device section of the General Electric Company. The new company, formed
in 1918, was known as the Edison Electric Appliance Company. In 1952, Hotpoint became a division of the General Electric
Company. The Ontario plant continued to manufacture electric irons until it closed in 1982.
Several milestones marked the Ontario plant's history: the 20 millionth iron (gold-plated) was presented to Una Winter, Earl
Richardson's sister in 1941; the 50 millionth produced in 1956 with President Eisenhower looking on; the 100 millionth in
1969 and the 150 millionth in 1980. Legend has it that the last iron was buried in the grounds of the Ontario plant rather
than sent back to GE's Bridgeport Conn. Plant in 1982.
The Model Colony Room also has an extensive Oral History of Bryce Denton and a slide/transcript presentation he created on
the history of Hotpoint.


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Creative Thinking for Continuous Improvement / KSA - AlKhobar
Start Date : 1 Dec, 2019
Duration : 5 Days
Class Code : MPKw33
Who Should Attend
Executives, division leaders, and other senior managers involved in the formation and implementation of strategic planning.
Benefits of Attending:
- Identifies and addresses issues that represent highest strategic priorities.
- Control reactive fixes to problems even in an uncertain business environment.
- Learn to create better short-term goals that support long-term strategy.
- Identify strategic planning issues in order to develop a unique competitive
- Align your organization with your strategic planning goals by integrating strategy, objectives, metrics, and performance.
- Determine the best approach to effectively implement your strategic planning.
- Strategic Thinking Process and Skills.
- Reviewing the business and industry environment; assessing your current organization.
- Moving from Operational Management to Strategic thinker and leader.
- A Strategic Planning Process.
- Assessing the Internal and External Environment - SWOT analysis.
- Organizational Structure and Performance Measurement.
- Create Balanced Scorecard for Performance.
- How to become a high-performing organization.
- Strategic Planning Execution.
- Ensuring Strategic Alignment.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Overweight and obese children use prescription medications at higher rates than their normal weight peers, according to the results of a study published in the September 2012 edition of Archives of Disease in Childhood.
The researchers drew data from the Canadian Health Measures Survey 2007-2009, a nationally representative cross-sectional survey sample. Their analysis included 2087 participants aged 6 to 19 years and looked at the association between participants' weight status and the number of prescription, OTC, and natural health product (NHP) medications they had taken in the previous month.
The results showed that for those aged 6 to 11 years, frequency of medication use did not differ in any of the 3 categories between normal weight and overweight or obese children. However, among those aged 12 to 19 years, overweight and obese participants used prescription medications 59% more frequently than normal weight participants and used NHP medications 48% less frequently.
In addition, overweight and obese participants used nervous system and respiratory medications (particularly those for obstructive airway conditions) more frequently than normal weight participants. Based on their results, the researchers estimate that 14% of drug expenditures for those aged 12 to 19 years can be attributed to overweight and obesity.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Relationship of stump diameter to d.b.h. for yellow birch in the NortheastAuthor(s): Frederick E. Hampf
Source: Forest Research Note NE-45. Upper Darby, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 3p.
Publication Series: Forest Research Note
Station: Northeastern Research Station
PDF: View PDF (255.6 KB)
DescriptionThis is the fourth report on a series of studies to show the relationship of stump diameter to diameter breast high (d.b.h.) for commercially important tree species in the Northeast. This report is for yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis).
- Check the Northern Research Station web site to request a printed copy of this publication.
- Our on-line publications are scanned and captured using Adobe Acrobat.
- During the capture process some typographical errors may occur.
- Please contact Sharon Hobrla, _EMAIL_ if you notice any errors which make this publication unusable.
- We recommend that you also print this page and attach it to the printout of the article, to retain the full citation information.
- This article was written and prepared by U.S. Government employees on official time, and is therefore in the public domain.
CitationHampf, Frederick E. 1955. Relationship of stump diameter to d.b.h. for yellow birch in the Northeast. Forest Research Note NE-45. Upper Darby, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 3p.
- Silvical characteristics of yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis)
- Rooting greenwood cuttings of yellow birch
- Development of yellow birch nursery stock not affected by transplanting
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Can I eat cold food while pregnant?
Can you eat cold leftovers when pregnant?
How about leftovers? The basic rule is that if it's usually served hot, eat it hot. And if it's usually served cold, eat it cold. You're especially vulnerable to bacteria when you're pregnant, so stay away from hot or cold food that's been sitting out at room temperature for two hours or more.
Is eating cold things bad during pregnancy?
Is that true? The physiology of pregnancy makes the movement of the gut slower. So, anything you consume that causes some irritation will obviously show more symptoms in case of pregnancy. But there is no truth to cold water causing stomach pain.
Can you eat cold sandwiches when pregnant?
The risk, of course, lies in that pesky Listeria bacteria that may be lurking in cold cuts. But apparently, the risk is so low that it really isn't anything to be concerned about.
IT IS INTERESTING: Can you jump into a pool while pregnant?
Does cold water affect baby in womb?
Are leftovers OK when pregnant?
Can you eat from a buffet when pregnant?
It's best to avoid buffets when you're pregnant. That includes buffets at parties and at restaurants.
Can I drink Coke when pregnant?
Is Sprite okay to drink while pregnant?
Is it bad to eat ice cream everyday while pregnant?
The takeaway. A little ice cream won't hurt you or baby — just don't overdo it. As with most things in nutrition, moderation is key.
IT IS INTERESTING: Question: Can you go through TSA scanner while pregnant?
What if I ate deli meat while pregnant?
Can I eat lunch meat while pregnant if I microwave it?
Can I eat a Subway sandwich while pregnant?
What happens if you don't drink enough water during pregnancy?
What drinks are not safe during pregnancy?
 - Alcoholic beverages.
 - Unpasteurized (raw) milk.
How many bottles of water should I drink a day while pregnant?
IT IS INTERESTING: How soon should you stop drinking when pregnant?
Baby Advice


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Repetition of key sentences and key phrases is extremely important in a grant application. The key sentences that introduce each subsection of the background and the description of the project in the case for support should be repeated in the introduction and also in the summary. So each key sentence should appear at least three times.
Some key phrases should be repeated more than three times because they occur in more than one key sentence. For example, imagine you are writing a grant in which one of the sub-projects will characterise the relationship between motherhood and apple pie. The phrase 'the relationship between motherhood and apple pie' will be in two of your key sentences. One will explain why we need to characterise 'the relationship between motherhood and apple pie'. The other will introduce the description of the sub-project that characterises the relationship between motherhood and apple pie.
Most academics accept that it is helpful to repeat key sentences. But most of them reject the idea that the repetition should use the same words in the same order. So I want to explain now why it is more effective to use the same words in the same order whenever you repeat a phrase or sentence.
Effectiveness is much more important here than correctness. Few would disagree with the assertion that exact repetition is a more correct use of English than paraphrasing but it is much more important to think about how you can increase the effectiveness of a grant application by using repetition in the way that I recommend and how you will fail to increase effectiveness in the same way if you change the words you use or their order.
In thinking about the effectiveness of a grant application, we should consider who will read it and how. Committee members and referees have different needs and derive different benefits from repetition.
The most important readers are the committee members that make the decision. All of them will have a vote in deciding whether or not the grant application gets funded. Few, if any, will understand the details of the research topic. All of them will read the summary and most of them will stop there. Some will try to read the application and understand it. Usually two members of the committee, the designated members, are tasked with reading the application and leading the committee discussion. They will try hard to understand the application, but they will find it very difficult and they won't have much time – maybe an hour. Any help you give them will be gratefully received. Although most of the rest of the committee will not read the application they will probably glance through it during the discussion.
There are three ways that repetition is particularly helpful to committee members:-
- Repeating the key sentences means that all the committee members will be likely to remember them. Even those who just glance through the application once will read the key sentences three times. This means that there is a very good chance that they will remember them and understand the logic of your case for support – what outcome your project will achieve, why it is important, what things you need to know in order to achieve the outcome and how you will achieve them. If you repeat the key sentences but substantially change the wording then people will be less likely to remember them. Every change in wording is likely to be interpreted as a change in meaning, leading to potential confusion.
- Repeating key phrases in the sentences that state what we need to know and what the sub-projects will discover makes it very clear that the project will discover exactly what we need to know. In this way the key phrases act like labels for the different parts of the project.
- Repeating the key phrases enables committee members to learn them and to have a sense of what they mean. Humans learn the meaning of new phrases by encountering them repeated in different contexts. Committee members who read your grant application carefully will get the sense that they know what it means, even if they don't. If you vary the wording of the key phrases it becomes harder to learn them and less clear to the reader that you mean the same thing.
The referees are, notionally at least, experts in the research topic. They will read the application, write an analysis of its strengths and weaknesses and give it a score, which the committee will consider, but not necessarily follow. The referees are likely to read your application more carefully than the committee members and to have a deeper understanding of the topic. However, they will want to assess whether the detailed content of your case for support actually supports the assertions made in the key sentences. Repetition helps them do this in two stages.
- Reading the key sentences in the summary and in the introduction allows them to create a mental list of questions to which they want to find answers in the case for support.
- Repeating the key sentences at the head of each subsection of the case for support guides the referees to the answers. Again, the key phrases act like labels. For example, a referee that has some doubts about whether your research approach really will characterise the relationship between motherhood and apple pie will be guided straight to the place where you describe the relevant part of your research approach by the phrase the relationship between motherhood and apple pie. If you decide to change any of the words in the key phrase, not only does it become less effective as a label, it also introduces the possibility that you are seeking to do a piece of research without having told the reader why it is important to do it.
In sum, repetition of key sentences and key phrases makes a grant application more effective in four different ways, provided that you use the same words in the same order.


Thailand Cave Rescue. How did British cave divers succeed where navy seals could not?
Rick Stanton receives the George Medal for his part in the rescue of 12 boys and their football coach from a flooded cave in Thailand in 2018.
Rick Stanton (above) and John Volanthen both received the George Medal in 2019 in recognition of the role they played in the rescue of 12 children and their football coach, who were trapped in a flooded cave, in Thailand.
In 2018, twelve boys and their football coach were lost deep inside a flooded cave in Thailand.
The expertise of a team of extreme British cave divers led to their successful rescue
How did these cave divers gain the experience, techniques and equipment needed to achieve this rescue, when navy seals could not?
The following article aims to give you an insight into how these cave divers developed the skills and techniques needed for the Thailand Cave Rescue.
In 2005, Rick Stanton and John volanthen, the two divers who found the children in Thailand, were exploring Wookey Hole Cave in Somerset, supported by a team of top-level cave divers.
We follow them on a daring journey of cave exploration, through tight underwater passages to a depth of 90 meters using homemade breathing equipment and wriggling through gravel.
I was with them at Wookey Hole to write about their exploration. The following text and photographs are taken from the interviews that I made at the time, which will give you a tiny insight into the mindset, dedication, courage and ingenuity of these great modern day explorers.
But in short – they gained those skills, techniques and experience from:
Cave Exploration
The search for Chamber 26
Wookey Hole Cave
Words and Photos by Annette Price
Lets begin in 2003 at Wookey Hole Showcave in Somerset.
Beyond the carefully constructed walkways and prettily coloured lighting lies a very different and extensive underwater cave system. Adventure cameraman Gavin Newman, one of the world's leading action and underwater photographers, began making a documentary film about the history of cave diving exploration in Wookey Hole Caves.
Diving through a narrow rocky passage, often no more than just half a meter wide, Gavin headed for the end of the cave. He was careful to keep a firm grip on the guideline because silt can reduce the visibility to zero; he could get lost and run out of air before finding his way out. At a depth of forty meters the passage descended more steeply and to one side was a deep void where his powerful lights could not penetrate the blackness.
The cave roof closed down to just a few inches above his head, digging into the shifting gravel, he pulled himself along. He could feel the gravel falling in behind him, threatening to trap him as he fought the narcotic effects caused by breathing air at depth. The floor rose to meet the roof. Buried in gravel, underwater at a depth of sixty-four meters Gavin could go no further. The glare from his lights and the greenie brown silt, stirred up by his movements reduced the visibility to a few inches. With difficulty he twisted the camera round into the small gap before him and through the undisturbed, clear water ahead could see the guideline laid by cave diver Rob Parker in 1985. The line continued to a depth of sixty-eight meters where the cave ended. Gavin had solo dived to the end of Wookey Hole Cave and filmed his journey.
Photographer and film-maker Gavin Newman (left) with Cave Diver and explorer John Volanthen
But was it really the end of the cave?
Several cave divers had been to the end of Wookey Hole Cave, others had seen Gavin's film, they all believed the cave ended here. But when the internationally renowned cave explorer Rick Stanton saw the film, he instantly realised they were wrong. The film clearly shows a ridge in the gravely floor, if the cave ended here, it should have been flat. Moving water flowing onwards had caused a ridge to form and so this couldn't be the end of the cave.
Exploring the unknown
In June 2004, Rick Stanton, a firefighter from Coventry, dived straight to the end of the cave. On the right was a low arch and a small gap beyond, filled with gravel. He squeezed through pushing himself through four meters of gravel.
"There was a tunnel running down a gravel slope that went to the side of the blockage, it was almost a separate tunnel. Imagine a steep slope filled with gravel, which you can't even crawl through, the fluid floor falling in behind you and as you push it out of the way it moulds itself all around you. I pushed my way through by doing a kind of breast-stroke. I could have got pinned, it's all moving so I had to be quite careful.
"I popped out the bottom and found a big tunnel ahead. Gravel blockages usually occur where the tunnel continues upwards, as gravel will collect at the deepest point. So we knew there would be a big space at the bottom. I went for a look and explored another forty or fifty meters."
Rick had passed the mythical end of the cave thus beginning a new wave of exploration in Wookey Hole.
Rick Stanton was joined by fellow cave explorer John Volanthen, a Bristol-based engineer, together they set out to discover the next air chamber – Chamber 26.
After the gravel squeeze, the passage continued for seventy meters and then stopped. It was completely blocked.
Feeling dejected Rick and John returned for a second look. Part of the cave had collapsed causing a very localised blockage. They returned once again, this time with lump hammers, crowbars and a lifting bag (a large bag which can be filled with air from a cylinder, making it buoyant so it can lift whatever is attached to it).
"On our first visit we thought the water was coming up through boulders and the cave ended, but on a second dive, we realised that the water actually came up through a gap under the left-hand side of the chamber. We did a lot of digging and managed to move a number of small boulders out of the way by carrying them" explains John.
A large boulder was still blocking the passage and needed to be moved but Rick had a problem with the oxygen side of his rebreather.
"I couldn't continue, so John went ahead on his own. He secured a lifting bag to the boulder using webbing straps and pulled it out of the way, but the boulder slipped out of the webbing and fell straight back into the hole again. So we went to France in the summer to practice our boulder lifting technique using a ratchet strap, like those used to secure loads on to lorries. It gripped the boulder tightly and was very effective when used with the lifting bag."
Returning to Wookey Hole, they successfully shifted the boulder out of the way. The passage is still very tight, wriggling through the hole feet first with John taking his rebreather off, dragging it behind him.
John Volanthen, cave diver and explorer.
John Volanthen, cave diver and explorer.
During 2004, Rick and John's team did six dives between June and September and had discovered an extra 120 meters of new passage, setting a new British cave diving depth record of 76 meters. But they still hadn't found Chamber 26.
Exploration couldn't continue over the winter months because of raised water levels, so the cave-divers had to wait until June 2005 to continue their exploration. They made three further pushes into Wookey.
In June 2005, I was at Wookey Hole Cave writing an article about the continuing exploration. From the gantry above Chamber 9, visitors to the showcave watched in wonder as the dive team prepared their kit. Leaving the glaring lights and noise of the showcave behind; Rick Stanton, John Volanthen and an experienced team of supporting cave divers quietly slipped into the muddy water. I watched as their head torches beaming streaks of coloured light disappeared beneath the rock. There was an air of worry in Chamber 9, as a group of friends, who had helped carry diving cylinders into the cave, stood staring into the water. Would all the divers come back? We had a long day of waiting to find out.
The silent dark world that the cave divers had entered had been created by the action of water cutting through limestone forming a maze of underwater caverns with sculpted tunnels and rock formations. A guideline, laid by previous explorers, leads the route through this huge puzzle in stone. Soft silt billows upward, cascading into opaque brown clouds when disturbed. Frog-kicking gently, the divers propel themselves forward, disturbing the silt as little as possible.
"The visibility is usually reasonable," says John. "The thing I never really think about is the darkness because it's not dark. How far you can see depends on the size of the lights that you take and the clouds of silt that hang in the water after a diver has passed through the passage before you".
Rick Stanton and John Volanthen, exploring Wookey Hole Cave.
Rick Stanton (left) and John Volanthen (right) at Wookey Hole Cave.
Towards Chamber 20 the passage becomes very low, the divers having to squeeze their way through into the larger passage beyond taking them to Chamber 20 above.
Here, eight hundred and twenty meters of dry passage stretches across a vast blackness, the huge dark


Do no harm: Examining the impact of medical students' short-term international study
International study experiences are a valuable and increasingly expected part of medical students' academic experience, but authors of a new article say not all programs leave patients and communities better off. They have recommendations for choosing effective programs and also for shifting the focus to ensure the programs are beneficial for all.
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Pepys was educated at Trinity Hall and Magdalene College, Cambridge and began his career as a clerk in 1659. In 1660, he obtained a position with the Royal Navy and began to keep a diary which he would continue until 1669, when his eyesight began to fail. The Diary was in a form of cipher which was not decoded until 1825, the year of its first publication by the efforts of Lord Braybrooke and John Smith. The first complete edition was not published until 1893. In 1672, Pepys was appointed secretary to the Admiralty, but in 1679 was committed to the Tower of London for his supposed complicity in the Popish Plot. Released soon after, he went to Tangier in 1683 and wrote an interesting diary while there. He was reappointed to the Admiralty in 1684 and at one point was one of the most powerful men in England. Pepys also wrote Memoirs of the Navy: 1690, which was published in 1906, but it is his diary that remains a unique and insightful study.
Find Printed Copy
The Diary of Samuel Pepys
Note: An Asterisk (*) after an author's name signifies that this is a Pseudonym


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Financing lifelong learning
AbstractThis paper describes and analyzes different financial schemes to promote lifelong learning. Considered are financial instruments to stimulate successful early learning, financial aid schemes and subsidization mechanisms. Theoretical analyses about funding of early learning have mainly focused on vouchers. Yet, the available empirical evidence is more ambiguous about the effects of vouchers than about the effects of conditional cash transfers and financial incentives for pupils and teachers. Positive effects of financial incentives to pupils are not restricted to high ability pupils, as low ability students also seem to benefit. The evidence regarding the effects of subsidy forms is limited. The most prominent knowledge gaps regarding the effects of various financing schemes related to lifelong learning are the effects of vouchers in compulsory education; financial aid schemes for students; and entitlements and individual learning accounts.
Download InfoIf you experience problems downloading a file, check if you have the proper application to view it first. In case of further problems read the IDEAS help page. Note that these files are not on the IDEAS site. Please be patient as the files may be large.
Bibliographic InfoPaper provided by The World Bank in its series Policy Research Working Paper Series with number 4569.
Date of creation: 01 Mar 2008
Date of revision:
Tertiary Education; Access to Finance; Primary Education; Teaching and Learning; Economics of Education;
This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:
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- Peter W Jones, 2005. "Financing For Life Long Education:For Real GDP Growth In Jamaica," Development and Comp Systems _PHONE_, EconWPA.
For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: (Roula I. Yazigi).
If references are entirely missing, you can add them using this form.


Clarence Thomas
Born: June 23rd, 1948 in Pin Point, Georgia
Fields: Law
Famous For: 2nd African American Supreme Court Justice
Clarence Thomas is the second African American Justice on the Supreme Court of the United States. He has become an icon of the conservative movement in the United States.
Humble Beginnings
Thomas was born on June 23rd, 1948 in Pin Point, GA. He would grow up in the Savannah, GA area in poverty. Thomas' family lineage showed he was a descendant of slaves. He parents did work hard to provide for him and his siblings, but the low wages they earned made it very difficult for them to put food on the table. In a tragic event, the family home burned down and this led them to moving in with his maternal grandfather, Myers Anderson.
Anderson was very strict and, later in life, Thomas pointed out that his grandfather was a hugely positive influence on him. His relationship with Anderson was chronicled in the autobiography My Grandfather's Son.
Thomas would go on to be an honor student in High School. He also attended two seminaries because he once wished to become a priest. His life goals would change and Thomas would veer down a very different path. He would major in English Literature at College of the Holy Cross and then enter Yale Law School. He graduated Yale in 1974. Thomas did not find landing a job with a law firm easy. He did face hiring discrimination issues, but he never let this deter him.
Libertarian Influences
Thomas would read the book Race and Economics by Thomas Sowell and this would have a profound impact on his thinking. He would become a huge fan of author Ayn Rand and this would further contribute to his strong libertarian beliefs. Yet, he still maintained conservative beliefs.
Early Career
Upon passing the bar exam, Thomas would go on to become an Assistant Attorney General of Missouri although he would leave to work in the private sector shortly thereafter. He did return to the public sector when he accepted a position as Legislative Assistant for energy issues with the Senate Commerce Committee.
In 1981, his career would take a major turn when he served in the Reagan administration as Assistant Secretary of Education for the Office for Civil Rights in the Department of Education. He would then serve as Chairman of the US Equal Employment Opportunity Commission until 1990. He was nominated by Pres. George H.W. Bush to become a federal judge in 1989 and was appointed to the bench in March of 1990.
Supreme Court
First President Bush would nominate Thomas to the Supreme Court and formal confirmation hearings would start in September of 1991. Because of Thomas' conservative leanings, the confirmation became a very partisan event. Even more troubling, there were issues raised about possible sexual harassment issues between Thomas and a colleague named Anita Hill. Thomas was eventually confirmed on October 15th, 1991.
Thomas generally shuns the public spotlight and prefers to let his written opinions do most of his speaking for him.


'Dead White People's Clothes'
Illustration for article titled 'Dead White People's Clothes'
So what should we do about it?
There are no easy answers. But what many don't understand is that African textiles are much more than an assemblage of brightly colored cloth. Many of the designs have names, usually in the form of an aphorism. And they contain stories, folklore which is sometimes literally written into the cloth. Africans use fabric in much the same way that the Western world uses newspapers and magazines to commemorate, document and celebrate events, accomplishments and individuals.
When Barack Obama was elected as America's first black president, Africans all throughout the continent sewed their pride into their cloth. When Miriam Makeba died, she was honored the same way. In traditional engagement ceremonies, fabric is a requisite part of the dowry that a male suitor presents to the woman's family. Fabric is handed down from one generation to another. I inherited a number of my grandmother's outfits. I will pass them on, along with the history and culture they carry, to my daughter. Because of what I've seen first-hand, I believe that donating used clothing to charities which then export them to Africa will ultimately result in the death of such traditions and legacies—which is why I won't do it.
Also on The Root:
Flip through a photo gallery of Ghanaian fashion. Danielle Kwateng tells why she's sending her tutu to Ghana anyways. Meri Nana-Danquah on how to avoid wearing your grandpa's dashiki.


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Iroquois Theatre fire
The Iroquois Theatre fire occurred on December 30, 1903, in Chicago, Illinois. It is the deadliest theater fire and the deadliest single-building fire in United States history. At least 605 people died as a result of the fire but not all the deaths were reported, as some of the bodies were removed from the scene.
The theatre
The Iroquois Theatre was located at 24–28 West Randolph Street, on the North Side between State Street and Dearborn Street in Chicago. The syndicate that bankrolled its construction chose the location specifically to attract women on day trips from out of town who, it was thought, would be more comfortable attending a theatre located close to the safe, police-patrolled Loop shopping district. The theatre opened in November 1903 after numerous delays due to labor unrest and, according to one writer, the unexplained inability of architect Benjamin Marshall to complete required drawings on time. Upon opening it was lauded by drama critics; Walter K. Hill wrote in the New York Clipper (a predecessor of Variety) that the Iroquois was "the most beautiful... in Chicago, and competent judges state that few theaters in America can rival its architectural perfections..."
The theatre had three audience levels. The main floor (known as the "orchestra" or "parquet") was on the same level as the Foyer or Grand Stair Hall. The second level (the "dress circle") and the third level (the "gallery") were accessed through broad stairways that led off the foyer. The backstage areas were unusually large, with dressing rooms on five levels, an uncommonly large fly gallery (where scenery was hung), and even an elevator available to transport actors down to the stage level.
Fire readiness deficiencies noted before the fire
Despite being billed as "Absolutely Fireproof" in advertisements and playbills, numerous deficiencies in fire readiness were apparent:
- An editor of Fireproof Magazine had toured the building during construction and had noted "the absence of an intake, or stage draft shaft; the exposed reinforcement of the (proscenium) arch; the presence of wood trim on everything and the inadequate provision of exits."
- A Chicago Fire Department captain who made an unofficial tour of the theatre days before the official opening noted that there were no extinguishers, sprinklers, alarms, telephones, or water connections; the only firefighting equipment available were six canisters of a dry chemical called "Kilfyre", which was normally used to douse chimney fires in residential houses. "Kilfyre" is made out of bicarbonate-of-soda and powder. The captain pointed out the deficiencies to the theatre's fire warden but was told that nothing could be done, as the fire warden would simply be dismissed if he brought the matter up with the syndicate of owners. When the captain reported the matter to his commanding officer, he was again told that nothing could be done, as the theatre already had a fire warden.
Structural deficiencies in the theater
There were also structural deficiencies reported, including:
- Large iron gates blocked off the stairways during performances to prevent patrons from moving down from the gallery to the dress circle or orchestra.
- Many of the exit routes were confusing.
- Skylights on the roof of the stage, which were intended to open automatically during a fire to vent the heat and smoke, were fastened closed.
- The asbestos curtain was not tested periodically, and it got stuck when the theater personnel tried to lower it.
The fire
On December 30, 1903, the Iroquois presented a matinee performance of the popular Drury Lane musical Mr. Bluebeard, which had been playing at the Iroquois since opening night. The play, a burlesque of the traditional Bluebeard folk tale, featured Dan McAvoy as Bluebeard and Eddie Foy as Sister Anne, a role that allowed him to showcase his physical comedy skills. Attendance since opening night had been disappointing, people having been driven away by poor weather, labor unrest, and other factors. The December 30 performance drew a much larger sellout audience, with every seat being filled and hundreds of patrons in the "standing room" areas at the back of the theatre. Many of the estimated 2,000 patrons attending the matinee were children. The standing room areas were so crowded that some patrons instead sat in the aisles, blocking the exits.
At about 3:15 P.M., the beginning of the second act, a dance number was in progress when an arc light shorted out and sparks ignited a muslin curtain. A stagehand attempted to douse the fire with the Kilfyre canisters provided but it quickly spread to the fly gallery high above the stage where several thousand square feet of highly flammable painted canvas scenery flats were hung. The stage manager attempted to lower the fire curtain, but it snagged. Although early reports state that it was stopped by the trolley-wire that carried one of the acrobats over the stage, later investigation showed that the curtain had been blocked by a light reflector which stuck out under the proscenium arch. A chemist who later tested part of the curtain stated that it was mainly wood pulp mixed with asbestos, and would have been "of no value in a fire."
Foy, who was preparing to go on stage at the time, ran out and attempted to calm the crowd, first making sure his young son was in the care of a stagehand. He later wrote, "It struck me as I looked out over the crowd during the first act that I had never before seen so many women and children in the audience. Even the gallery was full of mothers and children." Foy's role in this disaster was recreated by Bob Hope in the film The Seven Little Foys. Foy was widely seen as a hero after the fire for his courage in remaining on stage and pleading with patrons not to panic even as large chunks of burning scenery landed around him.
By this time, many of the patrons on all levels were quickly attempting to flee the theatre. Some had located the fire exits hidden behind draperies on the north side of the building, but found that they could not open the unfamiliar bascule lock. One door was opened by a man who happened to have a bascule lock in his home and two were opened either by brute force or by a blast of air, but most of the other doors could not be opened. Some patrons panicked, crushing or trampling others in a desperate attempt to escape the fire. Many were killed while trapped in dead ends or while attempting to open windows that were designed to look like doors.
The dancers on stage were also forced to flee, along with the performers backstage and in the numerous dressing rooms. When the performers and stagehands went out the back exit, the icy wind rushed in and made the fire substantially bigger. Many escaped the theatre through the coal hatch and through windows in the dressing rooms, while others attempted to escape via the west stage door, which opened inwards and became jammed as actors pressed toward the door frantically trying to get out. By chance a passing railroad agent saw the crowd pressing against the door and undid the hinges from the outside using tools he normally carried with him, allowing the actors and stagehands to escape. Someone else opened the huge double freight doors in the north wall, normally used for scenery, allowing "a cyclonic blast" of cold air to rush into the building and create an enormous fireball. As the vents above the stage were nailed or wired shut, the fireball instead traveled outwards, ducking under the stuck asbestos curtain and streaking toward the vents behind the dress circle and gallery 50 feet (15 m) away. The hot gases and flames passed over the heads of those in the orchestra seats and incinerated everything flammable in the gallery and dress circle levels, including patrons still trapped in those areas.
Those in the orchestra section were able to exit into the foyer and out the front door, but those in the dress circle and gallery who escaped the fireball were unable to reach the foyer because the iron grates that barred the stairways were still in place. The largest death toll was at the base of these stairways, where hundreds of people were trampled, crushed, or asphyxiated.
Patrons who were able to escape via the emergency exits on the north side found themselves on the unfinished fire escapes. Many jumped or fell from the icy, narrow fire escapes to their deaths; the bodies of the first jumpers broke the falls of those who followed them.
Students from the Northwestern University building located north of the theatre tried bridging the gap with a ladder and then with some boards between the rooftops, saving those few able to manage the makeshift cross over.
While out walking, Chicago American reporter Walter Howey was startled to see a knight and three elves climb out of a manhole. He had stumbled upon four actors fleeing the fire. As more people escaped via the theater cellar through the sewers, Howey reported his scoop, and the story, one of the biggest in Chicago's history, established his reputation for speed, resourcefulness, and skillful writing. Howey became city editor of the Chicago Tribune in 1907. Lured away by Hearst, he became managing editor of the Chicago American in 1917, and later served as the prototype for Walter Burns, the ruthless, scheming managing editor in Hecht and MacArthur's play The Front Page.
Corpses were piled ten bodies high around the doors and windows. Many patrons had clambered over piles of bodies only to succumb themselves to the flames, smoke, and gases. It is estimated that 575 people were killed on


text: A resource may be abused if its users incur little or no cost. For example, e-mail abuse is rampant because sending an e-mail has negligible cost for the sender. It has been suggested that such abuse may be discouraged by introducing an artificial cost in the form of a moderately expensive computation. Thus, the sender of an e-mail might be required to pay by computing for a few seconds before the e-mail is accepted. Unfortunately, because of sharp disparities across computer systems, this approach may be ineffective against malicious users with high-end systems, prohibitively slow for legitimate users with low-end systems, or both. Starting from this observation, we research moderately hard functions that most recent systems will evaluate at about the same speed. For this purpose, we rely on memory-bound computations. We describe and analyze a family of moderately hard, memory-bound functions, and we explain how to use them for protecting against abuses.


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This page is primarily intended for Mercurial's developers.
How locking works in Mercurial.
There are two locks in Mercurial, known as "lock" (for repository data) and "wlock" (for working directory data). Generally speaking, locks are only taken by writers and there is no limit on the number of simultaneous readers. Consistency for readers is managed using atomic operations (like rename) and careful ordering of data visibility.
2. Lock files
Lock files are implemented as symlinks where possible. This allows locks to be created and information about their owner stored in a single operation.
3. The repository lock
The repository lock lives _URL_ and covers all data in store/. Writes to the repository are ordered as follows:
- write to file revlogs (data, then index)
- write to manifest revlogs (data, then index)
- write to changelog data
- write to temporary changelog index
- atomic rename of changelog index
Thus, if a reader starts at the changelog index and works down the tree in the opposite order, it will always see complete changesets without requiring a lock.
Possible problems can occur if a reader reads files out of order. For instance, copying a repository with other tools (rsync, for instance) during a pull or commit may result in copying a changelog refers to a manifest entry that isn't in the copy.
Note that the repository lock is also taken during a local hardlink clone for similar reasons, even though this is technically a read-only operation.
3.1. Interactions with non-append-only operations
Mercurial's locking is designed with the assumption that all operations are append-only. If data in the repository disappears in the middle of a read operation, problems may occur.
Thus, if Alice does a pull from Bob and Bob does a strip or rollback in the middle, Alice may get a damaged pull. To avoid this, Bob should take his repository offline when running a destructive operation.
4. The working directory lock
The working directory lock (.hg/wlock) protects some of the files in.hg/ including:
Note that it does not protect the contents of the working directory itself, as it's impractical to try to stop the user from clobbering their own data.
Again, consistent view of these files is managed with atomic rename operations and readers do not need to acquire a lock. Readers that intend to subsequently write should probably acquire this lock before beginning so that they avoid races with other writers.
This lock should be acquired BEFORE the repository lock to avoid AB-BA deadlocks.
Locks are acquired with the two methods on the localrepository class:
The usual pattern for acquiring both locks is:
from lock import release wlock = lock = None try: wlock = repo.wlock() # must come first lock = repo.lock() tr = repo.transaction("foo") # perform write operation finally: release(tr, lock, wlock) # reverse order
Locks can be taken recursively.
Atomic files are managed with the atomictemp flag to an opener:
f = repo.opener("somefile", "w", atomictemp=True) # write to f f.rename() # finalize the operation


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The use of donation after cardiac death (DCD) donors may provide a valuable source of organs for liver transplantation. Concerns regarding primary nonfunction (PNF) and intrahepatic biliary stricture (IHBSs) have limited the enthusiasm for their use. A retrospective analysis of 1436 consecutive deceased donor liver transplants performed between December 1998 and October 2006 was conducted. These included 108 DCD liver transplants, which were compared to 1328 transplants performed with organs from donors meeting the criteria for donation after brain death (DBD). The median follow-up was 48 months. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year patient survival and graft survival for DCD donors were 91.5%, 88.1%, and 88.1% and 79.3%, 74.5%, and 71.0%, respectively. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year patient survival and graft survival for DBD donors were 87.3%, 81.1%, and 77.2% and 81.6%, 74.7%, and 69.1%, respectively. Patient survival and graft survival were not significantly different between DCD donors less than 60 years old, DCD donors greater than 60 years old, and DBD donors. Causes of graft loss included IHBSs (n = 9), PNF (n = 4), recurrent hepatitis C virus (n = 4), hepatic artery thrombosis (n = 1), rejection (n = 2), and patient death (n = 13). Contrary to previously published data, excellent long-term patient survival and graft survival can be obtained with DCD allografts, and in our experience, they are equivalent to those obtained from DBD allografts.
ASJC Scopus subject areas


text: Named after Prince James Francis Edward Stuart, the Old Pretender, Keith was the son of committed Jacobites. He took part in the failed Rising of 1715, after which he was forced into exile on the continent. From Paris he travelled to Spain, became involved in the failed Jacobite expedition of 1719 and later joined the Spanish army. In 1728 he set out for service in Russia, where he spent nearly twenty years as an officer. Too busy to make any contribution to the 1745 Jacobite Rising, in 1747 Keith joined the army of Frederick the Great of Prussia. He died fighting, having been mortally wounded at the battle of Hochkirch. This portrait was painted in Berlin, where a street is named after him.


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"Everyone has the ability to make a profound impact on the lives of others. That's the message I try to get other people to realize. Whether the cause is water or something else, just be naïve enough to think like a First Grader."
Wishing wells, in folklore, are thought to be sacred places where people go to speak a wish and have it granted by the deities residing in the water—the source of all life.
In 1998, then-six-year-old Ryan Hreljac spoke a wish: that he be able to raise enough money to help build a well in Uganda so that other children his age would have easy access to clean water. The following year, his wish was granted; a well was built at Angolo Primary School in northern Uganda, and it continues to serve thousands of people to this day.
That one wish caused a ripple effect around the world, and its effects have continued to reach far and wide. In 2001, with the help of his family and community in Kemptville, Ontario, Ryan formed the Ryan's Well Foundation. Since then, the Foundation has helped build over 660 wells and 715 latrines in 16 developing countries, bringing safe water and improved sanitation services to almost 715,000 people.
Kickass Canadian Ray Zahab, who sits on the board of Ryan's Well, recommended Ryan as a worthy compatriot. I'm inclined to agree, in spite of Ryan's insistence that he's "just an ordinary kid with a simple message: that every person on the planet deserves clean water, and that everyone can help make a difference."
Compassion. Dedication. Generosity. Humility. If only those things were so ordinary.
That everyone shared such compassion and courage
Inspiration struck when Ryan was a Grade 1 student at Holy Cross Catholic School. His teacher Mrs. Prest told the class that people around the world were dying because they didn't have clean water to drink. "We didn't understand why other people didn't have water," says Ryan. "So our teacher explained to us that other people had to walk five kilometres for clean water."
Being First Graders, the children didn't have a clear sense of how far five kilometres was, so Mrs. Prest explained that it was about 5,000 steps. "I remember I counted the steps it took me to get from my classroom to the water fountain, and I counted 10," says Ryan. "Something clicked in my mind then, that something as vital as water could be easily available to me, but for other kids it was something (for which) they had to walk a number of steps I couldn't even count to."
When Ryan got home from school that day, he announced to his parents, Mark and Susan Hreljac, that he wanted to raise money to build a well in Africa. He spent the next four months earning money by doing extra chores around the house. But after saving the grand sum of $70, he discovered he'd need $2,000 for the well. That meant doing more than household chores; that meant giving talks to raise awareness of his initiative.
The idea would be daunting to almost any six-year-old. It was especially intimidating to Ryan, who was in speech therapy at the time for a speaking impediment. Still, he didn't let that stand in his way. First, he gave a presentation to his class, which he says was quite poorly delivered from an elocution standpoint. Then an opportunity arose to speak in front of the Rotary Club of Kemptville.
"I did it, and the words might not have come across at all because I had a speech impediment and I was seven," says Ryan. "But the message did."
He began gathering followers and supporters of his initiative. Before long, he was giving talks at other area schools, and chatting up his classmates at recess to impress upon them the importance of having clean water.
In 1999, eight-year-old Ryan travelled to Uganda to see what was to become the first of many wells created through his enterprise. "There was this huge celebration," he says. "There were 5,000 people there, and everyone was so, so happy because they had clean water. There was a feast and dozens of bands that played, and it was unbelievable to think that this was all coming because there was a working well. It helped me put my life in perspective, that's for sure."
That all children could be free and safe
After landing the first drop in Ryan's mind, Holy Cross Catholic School continued to water the growing initiative. When the first well opened in Uganda, Ryan was in Grade 2. His teacher Mrs. Dillabaugh decided to expand the project by putting each of her students in touch with a pen pal at Angolo Primary School.
Ryan's pen pal was Jimmy Akana, a boy two years his senior. Not surprisingly, Ryan kept up his correspondence with Jimmy even after the assignment ended, and the two became close friends. When Ryan made his first trip to Uganda for the 1999 well celebration, he and Jimmy had the opportunity to meet.
Jimmy showed Ryan around his village and recounted how the well had changed his life. "Before the well got put in, Jimmy used to have to wake up at midnight on school days just to get water," says Ryan. "He took a huge jerry can, and he had to walk about eight kilometres to the nearest source of water, fill up the jerry cans and walk back, and then do that again, and then do it one more time. And then, he said to me, 'I had the privilege of going to school.' Hearing that, for me, it really put things in perspective."
A couple years later, with Ryan safely home in Canada, Jimmy's situation took a turn for the worse. The Lord's Resistance Army was getting more aggressive in its efforts to abduct child soldiers, and in 2003, they raided Jimmy's village and captured him. "While they were taking everyone else, Jimmy chewed through the ropes on his hands, and ran off to the bushes and escaped," says Ryan. "When he got back to the village the next day, they had burned it all to the ground."
The Hreljacs heard about what happened through Ryan's Well project coordinator Tom Omach. They'd stayed in contact with Jimmy, as friends and also as sponsors; the family sent money for his schooling, because "at the time in Uganda, you had to pay for schooling after Grade 6," says Ryan. Once they heard about the devastating events in 2003, "we figured we were meant to do more. So we got Jimmy over to Canada on a visitor's Visa, helped him obtain refugee status, and he's been with the family ever since."
Jimmy became a Canadian citizen in 2007, and now has one year left in his undergraduate arts degree at St. Francis Xavier University. He plans to become a teacher, and is actively involved with Ryan's Well as a speaker on water issues. He's also an advocate for improving living conditions in Uganda, and was invited to speak at a United Nations symposium on the subject. Ryan is proud to name Jimmy as one of his three brothers, along with Jordan and Keegan Hreljac.
You can read more about Jimmy and Ryan's story in Herb Shoveller's 2006 book Ryan and Jimmy and the Well in Africa that Brought Them Together.
That others knew they have the power to make a difference
In spite of everything Ryan has achieved, he still sees himself as a regular kid. "I sleep in, I play sports, I sleep in more, I play video games," he says. Ryan was "an okay student" at St. Michael Catholic High School. He graduated in 2009, and has just finished his second year at the University of King's College, where he plays for the Blue Devils basketball team. He's currently undeclared, but is considering international development and political science. This summer, he's resumed his position as a coordinator at Camp Oswegatchie, and spends a lot of time volunteering for Ryan's Well, "speaking, stuffing envelopes, doing whatever I can."
As someone who sees himself as "regular," he encourages others to believe that everyone can make a difference. He remembers feeling discouraged as a youngster by the idea that, to do good in the world, he had to virtually become a saint. "Growing up, I felt like activism was put up on this pedestal as something that only selfless people can do," he says. "I felt really discouraged by that, because I love to play video games and hang out with my friends. So I felt like I eventually needed to make this choice in my life. I could either be this person who (devoted himself to) volunteer work, or I could stay at home and sleep."
Through his work with Ryan's Well, he realized that the world is made up of mostly "regular" people, but that "everyone has the ability to make a profound impact on the lives of others. That's the message I try to get other people to realize. Whether the cause is water or something else, just be naïve enough to think like a First Grader."
That all youth could be as "regular" as Ryan
Despite his best protests, I don't think there's any doubt that Ryan carries an extraordinary spark and spirit within him. He just turned 20, and he's already got an incredible list of accomplishments. As founder and ambassador of Ryan's Well, he's visited more than two dozen countries, and made presentations to hundreds of schools, churches and civic clubs, and at dozens of international conferences and global events.
He has a slew of awards and distinctions to his name. To mention just a few


Prize Recipient
Ismael Gomez
Ismael Gomez
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
My name is Ismael Gómez, though everyone simply calls me Izzy. I was born in San Diego, CA, but have lived in Las Vegas, NV for practically my entire life up to graduation from Northwest CTA. This fall I will be joining the Class of 2017 at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); I intend to study physics and computer science.
My love for physics was triggered a couple of years ago when, after a seemingly deterring experience in my first physics classroom, I watched documentaries about the nature of our universe and the implications it has for us a species. Naturally, I became extremely curious, which led me to continue my pursuit of knowledge in the field by reading university textbooks and science non-fiction. Inherent with the study of natural laws, mathematics became an impetus for my developing passion, too. The notion that reality can be explained by logical scribbles on a piece of paper is astounding. These amazing insights moved me to study physics, ergo major in it as well.
Outside of physics I enjoy playing sports, particularly soccer and weight training, and playing games and puzzles, such as chess, Rubik's cube, and Monopoly. Finally, I am grateful to APS for this generous scholarship and honor—thank you!


We can approximate sufficiently differentiable functions by polynomials.
Previously, we have seen that if a function is differentiable on an open interval containing a point, we can approximate the function near by the tangent line at. Visually, we recall that as we "zoom in" on the graph around, it becomes less distinguishable from the graph of a line (which is the tangent line at ).
When is given by an explicit formula in terms of, the point is found by evaluating the at, and the slope is found by evaluating the derivative at. By taking advantage of the point-slope form of a line
an equation for the tangent line is found. Let's explore this in the context of an example.
Suppose that we want to approximate near. We pick as the point off of which our approximation will be based, and find the equation of the tangent line to at.
 -, so the point is on the line.
 -, so the slope is found by noting.
Thus, the equation of the tangent line is
If we "zoom in" on the graphs of the function and its tangent line at, denoted by, we see the following picture.
From tangent line approximation, we can approximate values of near. Visually, we can see this since the graphs are quite close. Computationally, we obtain the approximations by plugging -values into the equation of the tangent line; for instance, we can approximate by noting
The actual value of to three decimal places is, so the simple arithmetic needed to estimate using the tangent line produces a reasonable approximation. As we "zoom out" to a larger viewing window, however, the graphs start to become quite different.
Since evaluating polynomials involves only arithmetic operations, we would like to be able to use them to give better results than the tangent line approximation. Also, polynomials are easy to integrate and differentiate, so it would be nice to use polynomial approximations in applications that involve these operations. This will require that we try to extract the idea from the tangent line approximation in a way that allows us to generalize it.
Revisiting the Tangent Line Approximation
Let's look for a first degree polynomial of the form
where and are constants that must be determined.
What do we want out of our approximation?
A Quadratic Approximation
While this should not be too surprising, it does allow for us to think of conditions that will allow for higher degree polynomial approximations. Suppose that we want to use a quadratic polynomial of the form
for making estimates. Note that is clearly not linear; in fact, it is concave-up on its domain. Note that by drawing tangent lines at different points near, the slopes are different, which is roughly what concavity quantifies. Slopes of tangent lines are found from the first derivative, so in order to measure how these slopes are changing, we should look at the derivative of the first derivative. This is really nothing new; we know already that concavity is measured using the second derivative.
We'll keep the previous two conditions - that and - and also require that. We thus look for look for a polynomial whose coefficients are found by the requirements
By following the previous example, the reader can (and should) verify that we still have and. To find, note that
 -, so.
 -, so and thus.
Thus, the requirement gives us that, or.
The quadratic approximation is thus
Let's now explore our approximations. Geometrically, we can interpret the effectiveness of the approximations by looking at their graphs.
We can also explore the approximations quantitatively for a given -value. For instance, if we want to approximate, we note that, so. We thus approximate by evaluating the polynomials at.
By noting that the actual value to three decimal place is, we can see that the quadratic approximation is better!
Higher Order Approximations
We can continue to look for higher degree polynomial approximations. Note that our approximations above require that the function be sufficiently differentiable at the point at which we wish to base the approximation.
We will develop a more computationally efficient method for computing Taylor Polynomials in the next section, but we conclude this section with a question that explores the ideas put forth so far.
Suppose that is a function for which.
Which of the following that could be the second degree Taylor polynomial centered at for?
Let.
Is there enough information to determine what is?
Yes No
We find that.
Is there enough information to determine what is?
Yes No


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partisan member of the administration. At Truman's request he stayed on until September 1, 1951, when he officially resigned. He was replaced by his deputy, Lovett. For Marshall it was the end of fifty years of dedicated government service.
Apart from his other services, as Secretary of Defense, Marshall had restored morale in the Armed Forces, rebuilt a cordial relationship between the Defense and State departments, increased the size of the military, and assisted Truman in the crisis over the MacArthur firing. These were not inconsiderable achievements, and Marshall's status has grown steadily since the 1950s among historians and the military both in the U.S. and the United Kingdom.
In 1953 he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. He died in Washington, D.C., in 1959 at age 78 and was buried in Arlington National Cemetery.
*from the Nobel Prize


text:
More images of Apodytes
Genus of around 8 evergreen tree and shrub species distributed across tropical environments in northeastern Australia, New Caledonia, Africa and Asia. Species in this genus have simple, leathery foliage with smooth margins. They produce small white flowers with strongly reflexed petals that curl backwards away from the flower centre and long, conspicuous stamens, these flowers are borne on highly branched stalks. Leading onto drupe fruits coloured red or black.


text:
Audit Terminal Server (RDSH) Configuration
XIA Configuration Server automatically documents and audits your Terminal Server (Remote Desktop Session Host) configuration on Windows Server 2003 to Windows Server 2012 R2 including general settings, connections (terminals), connection (session) broker and RemoteApp applications configuration.
Below are a few examples of how XIA Configuration's Terminal Server capability can be used to benefit your organisation:
- Locate which user accounts are permitted to connect to a Remote Desktop Host.
- Locate where RemoteApp applications are being hosted.
- Ensure that all Terminal Servers within a farm are configured identically.
All of XIA Configuration Server's features are supported when documenting Terminal Server configuration, including version control, production of professional documentation, reporting, change tracking and XML output.
Terminal Server Documentation - Sample PDF Output
An example document produced by XIA Configuration Server can be viewed by clicking the image below:
Terminal Server documentation sample PDF output (click to open)
- Windows Server 2012 R2
- Windows Server 2012
- Windows Server 2008 R2
- Windows Server 2008
- Windows Server 2003 R2
- Windows Server 2003
Information documented by XIA Configuration Server
Find our more about the Terminal Server information documented by XIA Configuration Server below:
Terminal Server Settings
A Terminal Server (known as Remote Desktop Session Host (RD Session Host) server on Windows 2008 and above) is a server that hosts Windows-based programs or the full Windows desktop for Remote Desktop Services clients. Users can connect to a Terminal Server to run programs, to save files, and to use network resources on that server. Users can access an RD Session Host server by using Remote Desktop Connection or on Windows 2008 and above by using RemoteApp.
XIA Configuration Server audits the following Terminal Server settings:
- Delete temporary folders on exit
- Active Desktop
- Licensing Name
- Licensing Description
- License Servers
- Operating System Name
- Permission Compatibility
- Remote Desktop Users
- Restrict each user to a single session
- Use temporary folders per session
Connection (Session) Broker
Remote Desktop Connection Broker (known as Terminal Services Session Broker in versions of Windows prior to Windows 2008 R2) provides several functions: Allows users to reconnect to their existing sessions in a load-balanced Remote Desktop or Terminal
Services Session Host server farm. This prevents a user with a disconnected session from being
connected to a different server in the farm and starting a new session; Enables you to evenly distribute the session load among Remote Desktop Session Host servers; In Windows 2008 and above provides users access to virtual desktops hosted on Remote Desktop Virtualization Host servers and to RemoteApp programs.
XIA Configuration Server documents the following connection broker information:
- Server Name
- Cluster Name
- Load Balancing Participation
- Load Balancing Weight
XIA Configuration Server provides the following information about connections:
- General Settings
- Logon Settings
- Session Settings
- Environment Settings
- Remote Control
- Client Settings
- Network Adapter
RemoteApp Applications (Windows 2008 and above)
RemoteApp is a technology available from Windows 2008 that enables you to make programs that are
accessed remotely through Remote Desktop Services appear as if they are running on the end user's
local computer. Instead of being presented to the user in the desktop of the Remote Desktop Session Host server, the
RemoteApp program is integrated with the client's desktop. The RemoteApp program runs in its own
window, can be dragged between multiple monitors, and has its own entry in the taskbar.
XIA Configuration Server audits the following RemoteApp applications information:
- Command-line arguments
- Icon File
- Virtual Path
- Path Exists
- RDP File Contents
- RemoteApp program is available through Web Access
- Restrict to specified domain users and domain groups (Windows 2008 R2 only)
XIA Configuration Server automatically detects Terminal Server relationships including the host machine and RemoteApps
Find out more about XIA Configuration Server, request a free trial, or buy online.
Back to all capabilities >


text:
1.1 The primary fiduciary responsibility of the University Trustees in investing and managing the University's endowment securities is to maximize the financial return on those resources, taking into account the amount of risk appropriate for University investment policy. However, when the Trustees determine that corporate policies or practices cause substantial social injury or substantial environment harm1, they, as responsible and ethical investors, shall give independent weight to this factor in their investment policies and in voting proxies on corporate securities.
1.2 The authority to take ethical factors into account when settling investment policies and voting proxies on endowment securities derives primarily from the stewardship responsibilities which attend the ownership of endowment securities.
2. POLICY GUIDELINES
2.1 Exercise of Shareholder Rights
a) Voting: The Trustees normally do not vote on any shareholder resolution involving social issues unless they conclude that a company's activities cause substantial social injury or substantial environmental harm. Where the Trustees conclude that a company's activities cause substantial social injury or substantial environmental harm and such activities are the subject of a shareholder proposal which would eliminate or materially reduce the substantial social injury or environmental harm, the Trustees may vote for the proposal and may vote against a proposal that would prevent or materially retard such elimination or reduction, provided such action is not inconsistent with the Trustees' fiduciary obligations. In cases where the proposed remedy is deemed unreasonable, the Trustees may abstain.
b) Representations: When the Trustees conclude that the company's activities cause substantial social injury or substantial environmental harm, they may make formal or informal representations to corporate management to explain or reinforce their position on proxy issues and on issues where no proxy is presented.
If the Trustees conclude that a specific Trustee action otherwise indicated under these Guidelines is likely to impair the capacity of the University to carry out its educational mission (for example, by causing significant adverse action on the part of governmental or other external agencies or groups, or by causing deep divisions within the University community), then the Trustees need not take such action.
3. ADVICE FROM THE PENN COMMUNITY
3.1 The President of the University shall establish an advisory committee to provide advice and make recommendations to the Trustee Subcommittee on Proxy Voting. This committee, called the Penn Social Responsibility Advisory Committee ("Penn SRAC") will be comprised of twelve voting members including: four faculty members nominated by the Faculty; four students (two undergraduates, two graduates) nominated by the Undergraduate Assembly, NEC, GSAC and GAPSA; two alumni representatives appointed by the President; two staff members appointed by the President. Members shall be appointed for at least one year and may be reappointed.
3.2 Upon reasonable request, the Office of the Secretary will provide to the community advisory committee, to be treated as confidential by that committee, a copy of the memorandum prepared by the Office of Investments, incorporating the reports of the Investor Research Responsibility Center (IRRC). This memorandum will also be provided to the Trustee Subcommittee on Proxy Voting. The memorandum will include:
1. the social and environmental issues that have been identified by the IRRC as possible issues of concern;
2. a confidential list of companies in the Endowment's portfolio that have upcoming proposed shareholder resolutions related to those issues, and required response dates; and
3. a copy of the IRRC's analysis of the impact of each shareholder resolution on the company.
3.3 Within the Guidelines established under Section 2, Penn SRAC may examine proxy voting issues involving the University's endowment securities and make appropriate recommendations for action by the Trustee Proxy Voting Subcommittee. Such recommendations shall take into consideration the following factors: (1) the facts and information the community committee has gathered in its study of the issues; (2) the opinions expressed within the Penn community regarding the issues; and (3) the legal and financial impact of the recommended action.
3.4 The recommendations shall be in writing and provided to the Office of the Secretary, for consideration by the Trustee Proxy Voting Subcommittee. The recommendations should be clear and concise and accompanied by factual findings and an analysis of the question involved.
3.5 The Trustee Proxy Voting Subcommittee will consider Penn SRAC recommendations and will then make decisions for action under this policy. The Subcommittee will inform Penn SRAC through the Office of the Secretary of the actions taken by the Subcommittee.
4. OTHER MATTERS
4.1 Nothing in this Statement shall be deemed to delegate the Trustees' proxy voting responsibilities, or any part of them, to any other person or body.
4.2 The Trustee Proxy Voting Subcommittee may amend this Statement from time to time.
4.3 Penn SRAC may, from time to time, submit recommendations to the Trustees for amendments to this Statement.
 Substantial Social Injury: With regard to corporate behavior, substantial social injury is defined as the excessive or deliberate injurious impact on employees, consumers, and/or other individuals, or groups resulting directly from specific actions or inactions by a company. Included in this category are actions that violate, subvert, or frustrate the enforcement of rules of domestic or international law intended to protect individuals and/or groups against deprivation of health, safety, basic freedoms or human rights.
Substantial Environmental Harm: Substantial environment harm is defined as conduct that violates, subverts, or frustrates the enforcement of rules of domestic or international law intended to protect the environment. Only actions or inactions by companies that are proximate to and directly responsible for identifiable social injury will be regarded as falling within these guidelines.
For the purposes of these Guidelines corporate activity that creates a potential for social injury or environmental harm to occur shall not itself be construed as socially injurious. Similarly, for the purposes of these guidelines, social injury or environmental harm shall only in unusual circumstances include the act of doing business with other companies which are themselves engaged in socially or environmentally injurious activities.
Under this policy, allegations of substantial social injury or substantial environmental harm will be examined on a case-by-case basis using the best available evidence and allowing parties to the allegation reasonable time to develop and disseminate that evidence.


text:
Using Google Earth to Estimate Shoreline Erosion History
When evaluating a shoreline for possible implementation of a living shoreline project, one of the most important site characteristics to assess is the erosion history of the site. An easy and free way to do this is to use Google Earth and Microsoft PowerPoint.
Using these tools, you should be able to quickly determine if a site has been experiencing erosion or if it is relatively stable. You may also be able to determine the cause of erosion at a site using this activity alone or in combination with property owner interviews.
This guide serves as a step-by-step tutorial to help anyone to be able to do shoreline erosion assessments using this common software. However, this is a rough evaluation of erosion at a site. It should not be used to measure exact erosion rates or amount of land lost.
How is this exercise helpful for living shoreline decisions?
Erosion history can indicate:
- Suitability for living shoreline implementation
- The need for wave-breaking structures
How to download Google Earth
- Go to _URL_ This example uses Google Chrome, but other browsers will also work.
- Select "Earth Versions."
- Select "Google Earth Pro on desktop."
- Select "Download Earth Pro on desktop."
- Select "Accept & Download."
- Click the execute command and select "Yes" to allow changes to your computer.
Welcome to Google Earth!
- Enter location into search bar.
- Go back in time. In this example, 1992 is the date chosen.
- Zoom in as much as possible while still being able to discern the shoreline.
- Can zoom in by pressing the plus button, scrolling up with the mouse wheel, or zooming in on a touchpad.
- Save the zoomed-in image. Be sure to include the year in the name of the picture file!
- Set picture as slide background in PowerPoint.
- Select "Format Background."
- Select "Picture or texture fill," and then Insert picture from "File…"
- Get rid of text boxes.
- Choose "Layout."
- Choose the "Blank" slide option.
- Trace shoreline.
- Choose the free draw tool.
- Use your mouse to draw along the shoreline.
- To change the color and width of the line, choose "Format Shape."
- Trace reference line.
- Group the tracings together.
- Select all by holding down shift and clicking each.
- Choose "Arrange," and then "Group."
- Save a later image from Google Earth.
- Set the second image as the background on a new PowerPoint slide. (See step 5 for instructions.)
- Add the shoreline tracings from the first image to the second image.
- Select the tracings in the first image, and then select "Copy."
- Go to the new image and paste.
- Use your reference lines to adjust your shoreline tracing.
- Use the rotate button to rotate the image by dragging in the direction needed to line up your reference lines.
- By dragging the dots, you can change the shape, width, and height of the grouping.
- How to interpret the pictures: The space between the shoreline tracing and the more recent shoreline is the area of erosion.
For more information
Visit _URL_ or email _EMAIL_.
The information given here is for educational purposes only. References to commercial products, trade names, or suppliers are made with the understanding that no endorsement is implied and that no discrimination against other products or suppliers is intended.
Publication 3357 (POD-05-19) MASGP-19-029
By Sara Martin, Extension Associate, and Eric Sparks, PhD, Assistant Extension Professor, Coastal Research & Extension Center.
Copyright 2019 by Mississippi State University. All rights reserved. This publication may be copied and distributed without alteration for nonprofit educational purposes provided that credit is given to the Mississippi State University Extension Service.
Mississippi State University is an equal opportunity institution. Discrimination in university employment, programs, or activities based on race, color, ethnicity, sex, pregnancy, religion, national origin, disability, age, sexual orientation, genetic information, status as a U.S. veteran, or any other status protected by applicable law is prohibited. Questions about equal opportunity programs or compliance should be directed to the Office of Compliance and Integrity, 56 Morgan Avenue, P.O. 6044, Mississippi State, MS 39762, _PHONE_.
The Mississippi State University Extension Service is working to ensure all web content is accessible to all users. If you need assistance accessing any of our content, please email the webteam or call _PHONE_.


Containment Booms
Oil Containment Booms
During spill responses, sensitive locations are threatened by oil slicks, but these areas can be protected by using specialized equipment, such as oil booms. An oil boom, also referred to as a containment boom, is a temporary floating barrier designed to contain an oil spill. Oil booms reduce the possibility of pollution on shorelines, rivers, and oceans while collecting oil in thick surface layers to allow for easy recovery for your company.
ABASCO manufactures oil containment booms in our facility located in Humble, Texas. Our oil booms are designed using plastic, metal or other materials to slow the spread of oil and keep it contained. We manufacture a full line of oil spill containment booms for all applications and environmental conditions, including conventional booms, air-inflated booms, self-inflating booms and permanent booms.
Floating Oil Boom Types
There are several types of oil containment booms that ABASCO manufactures depending on the application and conditions.
 - Inland/Nearshore Oil Booms: Utilize smaller floatation members and lighter weight ballasts, which are best for applications with light wind and small waves.
 - Offshore Oil Booms: These containment booms usually have larger floatation members and can handle heavier ballasts.
Containment Boom Frequently Asked Questions
How do containment booms work?
The primary purpose of a containment boom is to contain and limit the area which has been impacted by a hydrocarbon or chemical spills. A floating boom's performance is determined based upon buoyancy, roll response and heave response within a given application to contain hydrocarbons or chemicals generally during a spill event. These application factors will better determine which is the right containment boom design and options using several evaluation criteria.
What are the benefits to using containment booms?
Oil booms mitigate the negative impact to the environment caused by hydrocarbon or chemical spills and also reduce financial impacts through timely cleanup which limits the area exposed to the spill.
What are the various types of boom used for oil spill containment?
The most common types of containment booms are conventional curtain boom, permanent boom, fence boom, air inflated boom, self inflated boom and tidal/shoreline booms.
Where can I use a containment boom?
In accordance with local, state and federal guidelines a containment boom can be used on most bodies of water based upon using the correct boom selection criteria and deployment techniques to properly contain a hydrocarbon or chemical spill.
What factors determine what type of boom I need?
Several criteria are utilized for proper containment boom selection to include water body classifications (ASTM F1523 or OPA 90) which is based upon wave heights and conditions. These determine the basic physical design requirements including overall boom height and reserve buoyancy. Additional considerations would be a boom's roll response in currents; heave response in waves; freeboard height and skirt depth and forces on the boom which will require a review of oil boom strength.
How do I store and care for my boom?
Oil booms should be cared for in accordance with an operations and maintenance manual where the boom is preferably not exposed to sunlight, harsh weather conditions or rodents which can damage the boom fabric. Additional considerations would be the boom stack height; secured on pallets to avoid abrasion; properly cleaned after deployments and repairs made if any operational damage in accordance with repair kit instructions.
What types of boom accessories will I need?
Depending upon deployment requirements, boom accessories can include tow bridles, handles, repair kits, anchor kits, rope, lighted buoys, shoreline anchors, storage boxes, boom reels, deployment rollers or pads and other potential items based upon the location requirements.
How effective are oil booms?
Oil spill containment boom effectiveness is based upon a proper evaluation of the location conditions and utilizing the selection criteria for the correct containment boom which includes a review of the float/skirt heights, tensile strength and reserve buoyancy. Following the proper deployment and containment guidelines should result in proper boom containment performance in most cases.
Boom finder tool
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text: The transformation of natural habitats into urban landscapes dramatically alters thermal environments, which in turn, can impact local biota. Ectothermic organisms that are oviparous are particularly sensitive to these altered environments because their embryos cannot behaviorally thermoregulate and the surrounding environment determines the temperature experienced during development. We studied the effects of urban and forested thermal environments on embryo development and hatchling phenotypes in two non-native lizards (Anolis sagrei and A. cristatellus) in metropolitan Miami, Florida. To determine if embryos from urban and forested sites are adapted to their respective thermal environments, we incubated eggs from each site using temperatures that simulate likely nest conditions in both urban and forested environments. For both species, urban thermal environments accelerated embryonic development, but had no impact on egg survival or any of the phenotypic traits that were measured (e.g., body size, running performance, and locomotor behavior). Our results provide no evidence that embryos from urban and forested sites are adapted to their respective thermal environments. Instead, the lack of any major effects suggest that embryos of both species are physiologically robust with respect to novel environments, which could have facilitated their success in establishing in non-native ranges and in human-modified landscapes.


text:
After doing a course in data science from Coursera, I was excited at the prospect of reading this book "Thinking with Data" by Max Shron, published by O'Reilly Media.
The book does start promisingly. The author argues the importance of considering the "why" before the "how" in projects involving data. Usually, with data in hand, teams tend to dive into the nittygritties of using the data than taking time to consider what question needs to be answered. The author proposes a framework for deciding on the right question to answer. With a convenient mnemonic CoNVO to outline the four areas that are in the scope of a project, the author explains the Context, Need, Vision and Outcome that should be defined before a project is started.
What had the promise of turning out to be a great lesson in the pre-analysis for data science, suddenly changes track into a philosophy lecture with the basics of argumentation from the next chapter onwards.
+ + +
- The emphasis on the "why" before the "how". I totally agree with this, not only for data science projects, but for any act in life. It is true that one needs to validate the why before taking up huge projects and consuming resources for long time periods.
- The framework CoNVO that is defined is a sensible base to define for a data science project.
– – –
- With the good framework definition, the author could have made it more useful by giving lots of useful examples from all areas instead of a real-estate example specific to the US.
- Within the 93 page book, the author has spent too much of time (three chapters out of six) on the basics of good argumentation and reasoning. This leaves us with hardly anything to benefit from the book.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I am trying to calculate the salary the person receives, based on any of the following inputs - hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, yearly. When one of them is entered, the others should be recalculated automatically.
Here's how I proceed:
First, I have 5 Double type variables defined at the top of the activity. They are: hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, yearly. Then I have 5 EditText fields, corresponding to these variables. I have attached a custom subclass that implements TextWatcher to these 5 EditTexts.
For example:
etHourly = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.etHourly);
etHourly.addTextChangedListener(new EditTextWatcher(etHourly));
This custom class has a constructor that accepts and stores the view that was passed to it, since the default methods of the TextWatcher class don't provide a way to find out which View invoked the change.
After saving the passed view as a local variable inside the custom subclass I then proceed with the implemented afterTextChanged inside this subclass and get the value of the passed EditText and save it as a Double to its corresponding defined variable at the top of the activity. (e.g. if the EditText passed is for the Weekly salary, I set the value of this EditText as a double to the weekly variable.
Finally, just before the end of the afterTextChanged method I call another custom method Recalculate(), that has a bunch of if()'s to check if hourly, daily, weekly, monthly or yearly is set and if it is, calculate and use setText() on the remaining EditText's. The problem is that this setText() will invoke the TextWatchers for each of these EditTexts, causing an infinite loop.
How do I overcome this?
Here's some code to have a better understanding of this. Before onCreate:
Double hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, yearly = 0.0;
EditText etHourly, etDaily, etWeekly, etMonthly, etYearly;
Inside onCreate():
etHourly = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.etHourly);
etDaily = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.etDaily);
etWeekly = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.etWeekly);
etMonthly = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.etMonthly);
etYearly = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.etYearly);
etHourly.addTextChangedListener(new EditTextWatcher(etHourly));
etDaily.addTextChangedListener(new EditTextWatcher(etDaily));
etWeekly.addTextChangedListener(new EditTextWatcher(etWeekly));
etMonthly.addTextChangedListener(new EditTextWatcher(etMonthly));
etYearly.addTextChangedListener(new EditTextWatcher(etYearly));
The EditTextWatcher subclass:
private class EditTextWatcher implements TextWatcher {
 EditText v;
 public EditTextWatcher(EditText view) {
 this.v = view;
 public void afterTextChanged(Editable s) {
 // Only if the currently edited text field contains something
 if (v.getText().toString().length() > 0) {
 switch (v.getId()) {
 case R.id.etHourly:
 hourly = getTvAsDouble(etHourly);
 case R.id.etDaily:
 daily = getTvAsDouble(etDaily);
 case R.id.etWeekly:
 weekly = getTvAsDouble(etWeekly);
 case R.id.etMonthly:
 monthly = getTvAsDouble(etMonthly);
 case R.id.etYearly:
 yearly = getTvAsDouble(etYearly);
 int after) {
 int count) {
hourly = daily = weekly = monthly = yearly = 0.0;
if(hourly!=null && hourly>0.0){
// I will complete the other if's once this works
share|improve this question
possible duplicate of KeyReleased equivalence in Android – nandeesh Sep 18 '12 at 14:42
1 Answer 1
up vote 3 down vote accepted
Mate!! I too was stuck here.... I was getting the StackOverflowError...but I was assuming that maybe it is because I have instantiated TextWatcher multiple times... but you helped me by identifying the problem, which was actually with setText(),which was calling TextWatcher's methods infinitely.... so here I did it --- as per your code --->
 if(etHourly.isFocused()) //this condition helped suppressing infinite loops
share|improve this answer
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What exactly is the annuity calculator Canada?
An annuity calculator Canada would be some kind of retirement income calculator for Canadian. It uses your account balance, years of retirment, inflation and several other aspects to calculate a proper figure for the retirements, and in this case for a Canadian.
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An annuity is a series of equal cash flows over time that comes at regular intervals. The cash flows must be either all payments or all receipts, consistently occur either at …the beginning or the end of the interval and represent one discount period. Payments made at the beginning of the period indicate an "annuity due" which can include rents and insurance payments. Payments at the end of the period indicate an "ordinary annuity" which include mortgage payments, bond payments, etc. Although loan payments, mortgages and similar financial instruments can be regarded as an annuity, the term is mostly applied from the perspective of being an asset. For example, payments from a lottery or distributions from a lump-sum amount can be considered as an annuity. Annuities can also be an investment used to guarantee a regular income during a retirement. Calculating annuity payments can come from two perspectives: the future value of an annuity or the present value of an annuity. Calculating Ordinary Annuity Payments From Future Value If the desired ending amount is known together with the discount rate and number of periods, the payments can be calculated as follows: PMT = FV / (((1 + r)^n - 1) / r) Where: PMT = Payment amount made at the end of the period FV = The future value of the annuity (how much the balance will be after all payments have been made) r = the discount rate ^ = raises the value to the left to an exponential number on the right n = the number of payments In this calculation, the present value (PV) is assumed to be zero. Calculating Ordinary Annuity Payments From Present Value If the sum of money or balance on hand is known together with the discount rate and the number of periods, the amount of payments to reduce the balance to zero can be calculated as follows: PMT = PV / ((1-[1 / (1 + r)^n] )/ r) Where: PMT = Payment amount made at the end of the period PV = The present value of the annuity (how much is currently on hand) r = the discount rate ^ = raises the value to the left to an exponential number on the right n = the number of payments In this calculation, the future value (FV) is assumed to be zero. Calculating Annuity Due Payments From Future Value Because the payment earns interest for one additional period than the ordinary annuity, the future value should be adjusted as follows: FV annuity due = FV ordinary annuity X (1+r) The new value for future value can now be inserted in the original equation to compute the annuity due payments. Calculating Annuity Due Payments From Present Value To remove the additional discount period for each payment made on an annuity due, the present value of the annuity must be adjusted as follows: PV annuity due = PV ordinary annuity X (1+r) The new value for future value can now be inserted in the original equation to compute the annuity due payments. Alternate Methods Because calculating the payments for ordinary annuities and annuities due, a financial calculator such as the HP 10bII can be used to simplify the process. When many calculations must be performed, the process can be expedited through the use of a spreadsheet such as Microsoft Excel which is equipped with time value of money functions. See the related links below for an annuity calculator for different types of contracts that compute the balance, distributions, or present value using the amounts you specify.
They will be as accurate as annuity calculators in other countries, all of them exclude liability of accuracy so it is best to get a real calculation.
All of the Calulators are standard. None of them handle currency conversion. You may have to speak with a financial adviser for a more detailed quote.
An annuity calculator Canada is a calcualtor that they use in Canada for math. They do things a little differently and math is one of those things that they do differently.
Canadian calculators are based on the laws of that country and the way interest is calculated on monies. This can be a great savings compared to American laws. IE: Interest ca…n only be compounded twice anually and must always be in arrears, whereas in America the interest is accrued monthly and never in arrears.
You can not buy an annuity value calculator. It is a tool used in the financial industry to figure out future values or fixed payments. You can use a scientific calculator to …figure this out. Just key in the correct formula and you will have your answer.
You use an annuity value calculator by inserting the starting principle amount, then enter the growth rate (in %), and then enter the number of years you are looking into then… hit calculate.
Calculating the value of your annuity can be an important aspect of settling your finances. Many companies, banks, or colleges have online annuity calculators to help you calc…ulate the value of your annuity.
An annuity value calculator calculates past value, present value, and estimated future value of an item or stock. It can also tell you what your current payout would be.
This type of calculator gives you the annual payment of annuity. If you don't know what annuity is, then this won't help you out very much. But I hope that it will.
An insurance annuity is when a seller makes payments to a buyer for payment of one large amount of money. You usually would go through a bank to get this process going.
Annuity calculators are used to calculate the returns on investments made in annuities.
An annuity settlement is a financial or insurance arrangement where the insured party receives periodic payments from the accused. The accused may then transfer their periodic… payment responsibilities to an organized settlement organization.
The Immediate Annuity Calculator calculates the amount of monthly income you will receive in return for a specific Premium. One can also find how much Premium would be necess…ary in order to receive a specific monthly income amount.
Annuities are payed out at intervals over a period of time. One would invest in an annuity to ensure that they had income still coming in regularly if something should happen …to their steady income.