Step 1: Get the right perspective
This can be easily done using the lens correction feature available in lightroom. Depending on the lens you use and the portrait of your image, you can choose the most befitting adobe lightroom sleeklens lens correction tool to help you remove any distortions available in the picture. Under "lens correction" menu, click on "enable profile corrections" then choose the profile you want. You can also set it to auto and make further changes if it doesn't give you what you want.
Step 2: Balancing
The idea with this step is to make the captured image as similar to the real image as possible. Go to the "white balance" feature that lightroom has and adjust it to make the image how you want it. For those who don't change their white balance options before shooting, you can set it up as auto or as "as shot" depending on how it appears in lightroom.
However, if you change it before shooting, you may not have to adjust it to post capture. If the auto feature doesn't make the image appear same as the original, you can adjust the white balance until you get the perfect result. You can also choose to remove all spots from your photo at this point. You can use the "visualize spots" feature to identify and remove any unwanted spots.
Step 3: Sharpen
Like the sharpening tools in Photoshop, those found in lightroom give you different options of changing your photo. With it you can choose the level of sharpening you want together with how to apply them.
The level of sharpness may vary according to the type of shoot and the portrait of the picture. For instance, some cameras lose sharpness when used at certain distances from the object and may therefore need higher level.
Step 4: Finishing
Sometimes you may need other details of the picture to be sharper than others. You can use several adjustment brushes to get that effect. A combination of negative and positive clarity on different parts of the picture can make other parts sharp and other less sharp.
When done, you can use the export module in lightroom to export those sharpening settings. You can choose the best option and level for you taking into account where you want the image displayed.
Sharpening images makes them more appealing and makes you look great as a photographer. However, you have to be careful to avoid overdoing it. For example, when choosing a sharpening level, you can use "standard" instead of "low" or "high". Low level may not give you the desired effect while high level may "look overdone" especially when viewed on smaller screens. The standard level tends to be the best option for various devices.


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Family: Istiophoridae, Billfishes view all from this family
Description Sailfish' are two species of fish in the genus Istiophorus, living in warmer sections of all the oceans of the world. They are predominately blue to gray in color and have a characteristic erectile dorsal fin known as a sail, which often stretches the entire length of the back. Another notable characteristic is the elongated bill, resembling that of the swordfish and other marlins. They are therefore described as billfish in sport fishing circles.
Both species of sailfish grow quickly, reaching 1.2–1.5 metres (3 ft 10 in–4 ft 10 in) in length in a single year, and feed on the surface or at mid-depths on smaller pelagic forage fish and squid. Individuals have been clocked at speeds of up to 110 kilometres per hour (68 mph), which is the highest speed reliably reported in a fish. Generally, sailfish do not grow to more than 3 metres (9.8 ft) in length and rarely weigh over 90 kilograms (200 lb).
The sail is normally kept folded down and to the side when swimming, but it may be raised when the sailfish feels threatened or excited, making the fish appear much larger than it actually is. This tactic has also been observed during feeding, when a group of sailfish use their sails to "herd" a school of fish or squid.
Sailfish are highly prized game fish and are known for their incredible jumps. They can appear in a startling array of colors, from subdued browns and grays to vibrant purples and even silver. Their body colors are often highlighted by stripes of iridescent blue and silver dots. Sailfish can change their colors almost instantly; a change controlled by their nervous system. The sailfish can rapidly turn its body light blue with yellowish stripes when excited, confusing its prey and making capture easier, while signalling its intentions to fellow sailfish.
Dimensions Up to 10'9" (3.3 m); 182 lbs (82.6 kg).
Habitat Open ocean.
Range New England, Mid-Atlantic, Southeast, Florida, Texas, California.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Network scaling algorithms such as the Pathfinder algorithm are used to prune many different kinds of networks, including citation networks, random networks, and social networks. However, this algorithm suffers from run time problems for large networks and online processing due to its O(n4) time complexity. In this article, we introduce a new alternative, the MST-Pathfinder algorithm, which will allow us to prune the original network to get its PFNET(∞, n − 1) in just O(n2 · log n) time. The underlying idea comes from the fact that the union (superposition) of all the Minimum Spanning Trees extracted from a given network is equivalent to the PFNET resulting from the Pathfinder algorithm parameterized by a specific set of values (r = ∞ and q = n − 1), those usually considered in many different applications. Although this property is well-known in the literature, it seems that no algorithm based on it has been proposed, up to now, to decrease the high computational cost of the original Pathfinder algorithm. We also present a mathematical proof of the correctness of this new alternative and test its good efficiency in two different case studies: one dedicated to the post-processing of large random graphs, and the other one to a real world case in which medium networks obtained by a cocitation analysis of the scientific domains in different countries are pruned.


text:
Shri Amar Muni
The Difference Between Tirthankar and
Depending on mental alertness or dynamism of the practicer there are
numerous levels of practicers, viz. Jinakalpi (solitary), Abhigrahdhari
(who gives emphasis on specific resolution), Pramatta (partially alert),
Apramatta (absolutely alert), Saragi (partially detached), Vitragi
(absolutely detached), etc. The first step in this progression is Sadhu
(ascetic) and the last is Vitrag, Tirthankar and Kewal Jnani (omniscient).
Although there is no difference in the level of knowledge of a Tirthankar
and an omniscient, the status of Tirthankar has its own importance. It has
its own attributes and recognition. The difference between these two
states of highest purity are as follows -
1. In a Tirthankar there is precipitation of the Tirthankar-nam-karma.
This is absent in case of common omniscient.
2. For two earlier births a Tirthankar necessarily acquires
right-perception. It is not a rule for a common omniscient.
3. A Tirthankar while in the womb has Avadhi Jnan (all knowledge of
the physical world). It is not a rule for a common omniscient.
4. The mother of a Tirthankar has fourteen great dreams at the time
of conception. It is not so in the case of a common omniscient.
5. A Tirthankar is always a male, the case of Mallinath being an
unique exception. For a common omniscient this rule does not apply.
6. A Tirthankar is not breast-fed; whereas a common omniscient (Kewali)
7. A Tirthankar gives charity for one year immediately before Diksha,
as a rule. A Kewali does not necessarily.
8. A Tirthankar does not give discourse before attaining omniscience,
he may, however, answer a question. A Kewali does give discourses even
as a common ascetic.
9. In a Tirthankar�s life there are five auspicious events. It is not
so in case of a Kewali.
10. A Tirthankar acquires Manahparyav Jnan immediately after his
Diksha. A Kewali does not.
11. A Tirthankar is self-enlightened. A Kewali is not necessarily.
12. Before his Diksha a Tirthankar is formally asked for that by the
gods. For Kewali no god arrives.
13. A Tirthankar establishes the four pronged religious organization
or ford; not a Kewali.
14. A Tirthankar has a religious order; not a Kewali.
15. The principal disciples of a Tirthankar are Ganadhars. A Kewali�s
disciples are not.
16. A Tirthankar has eight auspicious attributes; not a Kewali.
17. A Tirthankar has thirty four unique attributes; not a Kewali.
18. A Tirthankar�s speech has thirty five unique attributes; not a
19. A Tirthankar in his progression to purity does not touch the I,
II, III, V and XI Gunasthans (the specific stages on the path of
purity); whereas a Kewali may touch all gunasthans except the XI.
20. A Tirthankar does not have Kewali-Samudghat (a special process of
spsiritophysical transformation); a Kewali has.
21. A Tirthankar is born in the Kshatriya caste. A Kewali may be from
any and all castes.
22. A Tirthankar has Sam-chaturasra Samsthn (one of the six types of
anatomical structures). A Kewali may have nay of the six.
23. The minimum and maximum age of a Tirthankar is 72 years and 8.4
million Purvas respectively. In case of a Kewali it is 9 years and 10
24. The height of a Tirthanakar may be between 7 Haath (about 7 feet)
and 500 Dhanush (about 2000 feet). A Kewali is between 2 Haath and 20
25. A Tirthankar may exist only in fifteen specific Karma-bhumi�s
(the worlds of action). A Kewali exists generally in the fourth part,
however, one born in the fourth part may attain the status during the
fifth part also.
26. A Tirthankar is always self initiated. A Kewali may also be
initiated by others.
27. A Tirthankar exists only in the third and fourth part, however,
one born in the fourth part may attain the status during the fifth part
28. Two Tirthankars never happen to meet each other; whereas Kewalis
29. The minimum number of Tirthankars existing at one time is twenty
and maximum is 170. For Kewali�s these numbers are 20 million and 90
30. The Ganadhars create the twelve canons based on Tirthankar�s
preaching. This is not so in case of a Kewali.
31. A Tirthankar does not face any afflictions after he becomes an
omniscient. A Kewali may have to face.
32. A Samavasaran (divine pavilion) is created for a Tirthankar; not
for a Kewali.
33. The first discourse of a Tirthankar is never a failure; it is not
necessarily so in case of a Kewali.
34. The soul of a Tirthankar always descends from the dimension of
gods or ascends from hell. The soul of a Kewali may come from any of the
35. In case of a Tirthankar the Vedaniya Karma (the Karma of
sufference) is of good-bad quality and the remaining non-vitiating
Karmas are of exclusively good quality. In case of a Kewali only the
Ayushya Karma (age determining) is of exclusively good quality, the
remaining three being good-bad.
36. Only worthy souls arrive in the assembly of a Tirthankar; whereas
in a Kewali�s assembly even unworthies may come.
37. There is only one Tirthankar in one specific area. Kewali�s may


text:
4 Invaluable IBM Modernization Services And Their Advantages
IBM modernization is a unique transformation process of converting the old legacy systems into something more flexible and agile, blessed with applications that are quite receptive of modern technologies. The transformed apps have better interfaces and improved functionality that attracts more users and helps in popularizing your business by being able to deliver tasks in time. And the means to allow such transformations are modernization tools and services by solution providing companies like Fresche ibm solutions. The modernization services they offer have tremendous benefits and the best 4 such services and their benefits are given below.
- Strategy And Planning Services
Strategy comes way before the implementation of tasks. Companies that focus on roadmapping solutions before rolling them out practically are susceptible to the lesser risk of losses due to project failure. The noteworthy benefits of strategizing first are given below.
- You get to develop a thorough knowledge of your business requirements
- You get to identify what technologies are in compliance with your target
- You can migrate only such technologies that the business is in a requirement of
- Risk analysis can be done before migrating technologies for IBM transformation
- Code And Database Modernizing Services
Databases contain all the information about the company – contacts, clients, shares, and, assets – which is why you should be extra careful while modernizing them. Since legacy languages do not permit integration with modern technologies, they are unable to write codes as good as that by modern ones like.NET and Java. And the benefits of these services by reliable solution providers are given below.
- Offers complete code transformation
- Permits conversion of green screens into UI's that can work on all platforms
- Permits integration of graphical user interface
- The database is redesigned without changing the code after transformation to reduce the maintenance cost
- Staffing Services
Staffing services include training of employees so that they can swiftly learn the details about all modern migrated technologies. The benefits of doing so are given below.
- Estimation of how many employees are required once the transformation takes place
- Saves money by educating employees on how to maximize the productivity of existing apps
- Analyzing Services
Data analysis is the only way to regularly get reports on how is the business fairing after code transformation. The best benefits of regular analysis are given below.
- Ability to decide how many projects can be run simultaneously
- Timely reporting if the projects are proceeding towards timely competition
- Calculating project failure risk
- Regulating finances so that the projects do not overstep the allowed budget

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


The radiator cap actually increases the boiling point of your coolant by about 25 C. How does this simple cap do this? The same way a pressure cooker increases the boiling temperature of water. The cap is actually a pressure release valve, and on cars it is usually set to 15 psi. The boiling point of water increases when the water is placed under pressure.


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Jerusalem: The Jewish Quarter and Museum Treasures
The Jewish Quarter, including:
Hezekiah's Wall – part of the First Temple-era city wall built over Jerusalem's homes (Isa. 22:10) to protect the city against Assyrian invaders, and which finally fell to the Babylonians.
The Cardo - Jerusalem's main street in the Byzantine and medieval eras, its colonnades and arched chambers now restored as a commercial center and archaeological display.
The Herodian Mansions – restored as a living museum beneath contemporary buildings, with remnants of the fine homes, mosaics, implements of daily life and architecture of the city's wealthy class before the destruction of the Temple.
The Burnt House – the basement of a Jerusalem home revealing dramatic evidence of the Katros family who probably lived and worked here, and of Jerusalem's destruction in 70 CE. An audiovisual presentation offers a powerful version of the family's story.
The Israel Museum – the museum's Archaeology Wing displays rare and world-famous finds from pre-historic times to the Byzantine/Talmudic era; the Shrine of the Book, houses the Dead Sea Scrolls, the oldest copies of the Old Testament ever found and the famed 1:50 Model of Second Temple Jerusalem.
Bible Lands Museum – a unique collection of ancient treasures mirroring the powerful cultures of Bible days including the Egyptians, the Hittites, the Philistines the Assyrians and others who left their mark on the region and in Scripture.


text:
MorphoLim is dedicated to the identification of the morphological boundary of urban agglomerations. The method used avoids the need for any pre-defined maximum distance threshold between buildings. It is based on the conceptual and methodological tools of fractal geometry.
MorphoLim is open source and distributed under GPL licence. The software is developped in Java and runs on any computer supporting Java 7 or later (PC under Linux, Windows, Mac...)
The conceptual bases of Morpholim have been set out by Cécile Tannier, Pierre Frankhauser and Gilles Vuidel. The computer application has been created by Gilles Vuidel and Cécile Tannier. All were members of the research laboratory ThéMA in Besançon (France).
The data used are vector maps representing buildings in 2D (polygons). The spatial extent of a study area is necessarily large because it comprises an (either monopolar or multipolar) urban agglomeration and its hinterland (i.e., a suburban or rural area that is under the influence of its urban core).
A vector version of the Minkowski dilation is applied to each built polygon of a map. This consists in surrounding each built polygon with a buffer of increasing width. The width of the buffer increases according to a geometric logic, which corresponds to the fractal logic. The number of clusters is counted after each dilation step. The results are portrayed as a log-log plot, where the X-axis represents the width of the dilation buffer and the Y-axis represents the corresponding number of built clusters.
A distance threshold is located on the dilation curve corresponding to a major change in its behavior. We therefore measure the maximum curvature of the dilation curve.
To identify the point of main curvature, the dilation curve is approximated by a series of polynomials of increasing degrees. We then select the polynomial of the lowest degree that best represents the original curve. This choice is based on Schwartz's Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC).
Once the estimated curve is obtained, points of maximum curvature are identified: they are characterized by a zero derivation value of the curvature function. The point of main curvature has the highest absolute value of curvature among the points of maximum curvature. Finally, the point of main curvature is located on the estimated curve, which gives the distance threshold for drawing an urban envelope.
Tannier C., Thomas I. (2013). Defining and characterizing urban boundaries: A fractal analysis of theoretical cities and Belgian cities, Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 41, pp.234-248
Tannier C., Thomas I., Vuidel G., Frankhauser P. (2011). A Fractal Approach to Identifying Urban Boundaries, Geographical Analysis 43(2), pp 211-227.
MorphoLim is licenced under GPL and the source code can be downloaded from the sourcesup git repository:
git clone git://git.renater.fr/morpholim.git
Video 5:09 - Excerpt from a course "Identifying urban boundaries and analyzing their shape. A fractal approach" by Cécile Tannier & Isabelle Thomas, Master Erasmus+ "Geographical Modelling", University of Luxembourg, February 2018.


Rhubarb pie
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Rhubarb pie
A slice of rhubarb pie
Type Pie
Place of origin UK
Variations butter, flour, rhubarb, sugar
Rhubarb pie is a pie with a rhubarb filling.
Besides diced rhubarb, it almost always contains a large amount of sugar to balance the intense tartness of the plant.
Rhubarb pie is particularly popular in those areas where the rhubarb plant is commonly cultivated, including Finland, Sweden, the United Kingdom, Ireland and the New England and Upper Midwestern regions of the United States.
In Canada and the United States, strawberry rhubarb pie is a popular late-spring pie, generally combining the first strawberries of the season with the last of the rhubarb.
See also[edit]


in response to an inappropriate question, or in a gush of good will or exhibitionism.
Those of us with flat and inhabitable roofs still need parapets to prevent people and things from falling off. But we all need parapets when it comes to the contents of our own minds.
 1. Examples of using a roof for private conversations: Joshua 2:6, 1 Samuel 9:25-26.
 2. Examples of using a roof for sleeping: Joshua 2:6, 2 Samuel 11:2.
 3. A roof is used for storing flax in Joshua 2:6.
 4. Examples of using a roof for altars to worship other gods: 2 Kings 23:12, Jeremiah 19:13 and 32:29, Zephanaiah 1:5.
 5. Talmud Bavli, Bava Batra 6b.
 6. 19th-century rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch, The Hirsch Chumash: Sefer Devarim, translated by Daniel Haberman, Feldheim Publishers, Jerusalem, 2009, p. 513.
 7. A cubit is the length of a forearm from elbow to fingertips. Four cubits would be over 6 feet, or almost 2 meters. (Bava Batra 2b also provides rules for window and courtyard partition placements to prevent a neighbor from being able to look inside the house next door.)
 8. Proverbs 16:18.
 9. Dov Baer Friedman of Miedzyrzec, Or Torah (1804), translated by Arthur Green in Arthur Green, Speaking Torah, vol. 2, Jewish Lights Publishing, Woodstock, Vermont, 2013, p. 124.
Ki Tavo & Ki Teitzei: You Are What You Wear, Part 2
September 5, 2017 at 6:36 pm | Posted in Ki Tavo, Ki Teitzei, Yitro | 1 Comment
A person's inner state and outer garment should match, according to the Torah.
And God said to Moses: Go to the people and consecrate them, today and tomorrow, and they shall wash their semalot. Then they shall be ready for the third day, for on the third day God is coming down before the eyes of all the people on Mount Sinai. (Exodus/Shemot 19:10-11)
semalot (שְׂמָלוֹת) = plural of simlah (שִׂמְלַה) = a long, loose outer garment resembling a caftan or cloak. (A variant spelling is salmah (שַׂלְמָה), plural salmot (שַׂלְמֹת).)
If you are consecrated, made holy enough to behold God, then your simlah must also be purified. Although men remove their semalot to do physical labor, stripping down to a less bulky garment underneath, the Israelites in the Bible wear their semalot for public appearances, as well as for protection from wind, sun, and rain. At night one's simlah serves as a blanket.
Three of the laws in last week's Torah portion, Ki Teitzei, assume every individual has the right to a simlah. Even an impoverished debtor and a captive of war must be allowed to sleep in their semalot. Depriving someone of a simlah would not only expose them to the elements, but deprive them of human dignity. (See my post Ki Teitzei: You Are What You Wear, Part 1.)
Two other laws in the portion Ki Teitzei (4 and 5 below) show how a simlah can reveal something about the essential nature of the person who wears it. And this week's Torah portion, Ki Tavo ("When you enter"), ends with miraculous semalot that reveal the nature of humankind.
 1. Abominable or godly?
One of the laws about the simlah in Ki Teitzei has become notorious:
The equipment of a man shall not be on a woman, and a man shall not put on the simlah of a woman, because anyone doing this is to-eivah to God, your God. (Deuteronomy/Devarim 22:5)
Head of a prince or princess from Ugarit, 13th century B.C.E.
to-eivah (תוֹעֲבַה) = abhorrent, abominable, anathema.
The first clause in this verse may be a reaction against a Canaanite myth (discovered in the ruins of Ugarit) about Paghat, a young woman who wears weapons under her female clothing and sets out to avenge her brother's murder.1 The Bible frequently denounces Canaanite religions, and the Talmud (Nazir 59a) agrees that the "equipment of a man" consists of weapons of war.
The second clause in the verse may be a reaction against a Canaanite practice in which male temple functionaries cross-dressed and offered themselves as surrogates for gods in homosexual religious acts. According to the Bible, this happened even at the Temple in Jerusalem until King Josiah put an end to it.2
A man wearing a woman's simlah may be to-eivah because the only men who appeared that way in public were those paid for sexual rituals from another religion—a practice God clearly abhors according to a later law in Ki Teitzei:
No daughter of Israel shall be a female religious prostitute, and no son of Israel shall be a male religious prostitute. You shall not bring into the house of God, your God, the fee of a harlot [female prostitute] or the price of a dog [male prostitute] for any vowed offering, because both of them are to-eivah to God, your God. (Deuteronomy 23:18-19)
Today many people reject the idea that every individual must squeeze into one of two gender roles defined by a particular society. Some individuals in the 21st century C.E. choose apparel that blurs gender lines in order to reveal their own nuanced identities.
In the 7th century B.C.E. kingdom of Judah, a man who wore the simlah of a woman also revealed an essential part of his identity: he was dedicated to gods other than the God of Israel, and he served these gods by providing ritual sex for worshipers.
 1. Fraud or honesty?
The remaining law in Ki Teitzei that mentions a simlah is about the virginity of a bride. It begins:
If a man takes a wife and he comes into her, and then he hates her, and he brings charges against her and gives her a bad name, and he says: "I took this woman, and I approached her, but I did not find evidence of virginity in her!"— (Deuteronomy 22:13-14)
Detail of "Hymen" by Marc Chagall
This was a serious charge in ancient Judah. A marriage was a contracted alliance between two households. The legal contract included the dowry paid to the groom's household, and the bride-price paid to the bride's household. When the bride and groom had intercourse, the marriage was completed. The bride (but not the groom) was expected to be a virgin (unless the contract stipulated otherwise).
So if a man claimed, after the wedding, that his bride was not a virgin, he was not only defaming her and her parents, but also suing her family for contract fraud. If the village elders ruled in his favor, he got a divorce, the bride (if she was permitted to live4) became unmarriageable, and the bride's father had to return the bride-price to the groom. The grooms' household, on the other hand, got to keep the dowry, the bride price, and the family's good name.3
What if a groom tells a lie in order to get a divorce with a lucrative financial settlement? Then, according to Ki Teitzei, the bride's parents should bring "evidence of the girl's virginity" to the elders sitting as judges, and the bride's father should say:
"But this is evidence of the virginity of my daughter!" And they shall spread the simlah before the elders of the town. (Deuteronomy 22:17)
The evidence is the simlah the bride wore on her wedding night. When the couple goes to bed, she lies on top of her own simlah—and leaves a bloodstain if her hymen breaks.
In much of the ancient Near East, a bride's parents collected her wedding simlah the morning after—just in case they would need to display it.
The law in Ki Teitzei affirms that a bloodstained simlah is evidence of virginity, and punishes the lying husband. He is flogged; he pays 100 shekels of silver to the bride's father (to compensate for impugning his honor); and he may never divorce the bride.
The good name of the bride's family is restored. The bride herself at least has the consolation of a salvaged reputation and a guaranteed home (even if she might prefer to be the property of a different man).
Thus the condition of the bride's simlah proves something about her character: she was honest when


for the filename suffix, and 1 for the minimum number of digits.
 6. Make a folder named "Frames" and set it to be the output directory.
 7. Select JPEG as the file type, set quality to 100.
 8. Click OK to start extracting frames.
Virtualdub extract frames.gif
Generating the Video
Aligning the Axes
To generate the video, you first need to download the Matlab.m files: File:Swarm plotting files.zip.
Extract the files, and take the Frames folder holding the movie frames and main_log.m generated by the data logger, and put them in the extracted folder which also holds VIDEO_OVERLAY.m
We must now align the plotting axes with the real world axes in the video, so that the position and SCALE will be correct when we overly the figures. To do this, we will use nine equally spaced points arranged in a rectangle centered at the origin. The alignment parameters are saved, so you only need to do this once if you don't move the camera. If need be, you can make a short video clip with marked points on the testbed just for alignment.
To perform the alignment,
 1. Make sure RES is set to the width and height of the resolution of the frames, in pixels (e.g. [width height]).
 2. Go to DOT_X and DOT_Y and set these to the x-axis and y-axis spacing between each of the nine dots in the real world.
 3. Set TEST_OVERLAY_FITTING = 1 and GEN_MOV = 0 and run the script. This will plot a square and nine '+' points in on top of the first frame of the video. Make sure the square is a true square, and not distorted.
 4. Adjust X_OFFSET and Y_OFFSET until the center '+' is lined up with the center dot (the origin of the real world coordinate system).
 5. Adjust SCALE until the other 8 dots are well matched up. SCALE will scale the axis, so increasing SCALE will increase the range of the axis, thus decreasing the unit distance.
 6. The overlay axes should how match the real world axes in the video.
Setting Configurations
If you run the VIDEO_OVERLAY.m script with 'GEN_MOV=0', you can preview what the video will look like, but the video will not be saved.
To generate the video, you need to enter the settings that you want.
 - VIDEO_TIME=TIME_IN_SECONDS: (default = 75) This is the desired video duration in seconds. You must have enough data and video frames to generate the video of this duration.
 - FPS=FRAMES_PER_SECOND (default = 30) This is the frames per second of the video footage.
 - GOAL =GOAL STATISTICS (default = [100 300 160000 40000 40000]) This is an array that contains the goal's initial first moments and second central moments ([x y xx xy yy]). If you change the goal from the command console and the data logger recorded it, these values will be overwritten.
 - COMMR =COMMUNICATION_RADIUS (default = Inf) This is the default communication radius in millimeters. If you change the radius from the command console and the data logger recorded it, this value will be overwritten.
Draw Options
 - DRAW_COMM_LINKS: =1 to draw communication links, =0 otherwise.
 - DRAW_SWARM_ELLIPSE: =1 to draw actual ellipse representing swarm, =0 otherwise.
 - DRAW_GOAL_ELLIPSE: =1 to draw the goal ellipse, =0 otherwise.
 - DRAW_INDIVIDUAL_ESTIMATES: =1 to draw the individual estimates of the swarm of each robot, =0 otherwise.
 - DRAW_ROBOT_MARKER_DOT: =1 to draw colored dots on top of the robots, = 0 otherwise.
 - COMM_LINE_THICKNESS: the thickness of the lines if communication links are drawn.
 - DOT_MARKER_SIZE: the size of dot marker if the dots are drawn.
Generate Movie File
GEN_MOV: =1 to generate and save the movie (could take a long time), =0 for preview only (much faster, but video won't be saved).
Repairing Damaged Videos
Sometimes, the video generated by MATLAB will be damaged. You can try to repair the file by opening it with VirtualDub, selecting Video>Direct Steam Copy, and then File>Save as AVI.
Compressing the Video
There are many ways to compress the video, including using VirtualDub or Quicktime. To compress the video with Quicktime, open the video and select File>Export.
To use VirtualDub, select Video>Full Processing Mode, go to Video>Compression and select the compression you want to use (you must have the codecs installed on your system), and the go to File>Save as AVI.
Personal tools


Definition:Electric Charge/Sign/Positive
From ProofWiki
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A positive electric charge is an electric charge which is of the same sign as the electric charge on a proton.
When it is necessary to assign a value to a positive electric charge, a $+$ (plus) sign is used, and the value assigned is a positive number.
It appears at first glance that the definition of the sign of an electric charge is both arbitrary and circular.
That is:
a positive electric charge is the type of electric charge that can be found on a proton
a proton is defined as carrying a positive electric charge.
Early in the development of the theory of electrostatics, it was noticed that there were two types of electric charge.
What they were called was indeed arbitrary at that point in time; one type was called positive, and the other type was called negative.
When the proton and electron were discovered, the signs of their electric charges were identified, and subsequently used to define the sign of an arbitrary electric charge.
Hence the fact that a proton is positive and an electron is negative is simply the result of a convention.
Also see


text:
College Writing Center Declares American Grammar A 'Racist,' 'Unjust Language Structure'
An "antiracist" poster in a college writing center insists American grammar is "racist" and an "unjust language structure," promising to prioritize rhetoric over "grammatical 'correctness.'"
The poster, written by the director, staff, and tutors of the University of Washington, Tacoma's Writing Center, states "racism is the normal condition of things," declaring that it permeates rules, systems, expectations, in courses, school and society.
"Linguistic and writing research has shown clearly for many decades that there is no inherent 'standard' of English," proclaims the writing center's statement. "Language is constantly changing. These two facts make it very difficult to justify placing people in hierarchies or restricting opportunities and privileges because of the way people communicate in particular versions of English."
In the introduction to its "commitment" section, the Tacoma Writing Center pledges to "listen and look carefully and compassionately for ways we may unintentionally perpetuate racism or social injustice, actively engaging in antiracist practices" before making nine specific promises to students.
"We promise to emphasize the importance of rhetorical situations over grammatical 'correctness' in the production of texts," announces the poster. "We promise to challenge conventional word choices and writing explanations."
In an article accompanying the poster, the University of Washington, Tacoma revealed Friday that Dr. Asao Inoue, director of the writing center, is behind the new push for social justice.
On his Tacoma faculty page, Inoue states that he does "research that investigates racism in writing assignments." Meanwhile, the professor's Twitter presence indicates no love for President Donald Trump:
"[The statement] is a great example of how we are striving to act against racism," said Dr. Jill Purdy, Tacoma's vice chancellor of undergraduate affairs. "Language is the bridge between ideas and action, so how we use words has a lot of influence on what we think and do."
The Tacoma Writing Center's prioritization of social justice over grammar resembles previous concerted efforts to legitimize incorrect speech, such as Ebonics, "inventive spelling," and "whole language."
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text:
(D) One-sensed souls
The immobile or one-sensed souls are of five kinds, viz., (i) prthvi-kaya,
i.e., earth-bodied, (ii) ap-kaya, i.e., water bodied, (iii) tejah-kaya,
i.e., fire-bodied, (iv) vayu-kaya, i.e., air bodied, and (v)
vanaspati-kaya, i.e., vegetable-bodied.
The Jaina belief that 'nearly everything is possessed of a soul� has been
characterised as animistic and hylozoistic by some scholars and therefore
they regarded Jainism as a very primitive religion. But a careful study of
Jaina scriptures shows that Jainism cannot be termed as animistic faith
because Jainism makes a clear distinction between soul and non-soul. It
cannot be labelled as animism in the sense that 'everything is possessed
of a soul�.
(E) Many-sensed souls
There are in all five senses of touch, taste, smell, sight and hearing and
therefore the mobile or many-sensed souls are classified accord�ingly into
four classes, viz.,
(i) dvi-indriya jivas, i.e., those souls which have first two senses of
touch and taste, for example, worms, etc.,
(ii) Pi-indriya jivas, i.e., those souls which have first three senses of
touch, taste and smell, for example, ants, etc.,
(iii) chatur-indriya jivas, i.e., those souls which have first four senses
of touch, taste, smell and sight, for example, bumble�bee, etc., and
(iv) pattcha-indriya jivas, i.e., those souls which have all the five
senses of touch, taste, smell, sight and hearing, for example, human
Thus we find that in each class there is one sense organ more than those
of the one preceding it.
(F) Grades of mundane souls
From another point of view mundane beings are divided into four grades
according to the place where they are born or their condition of
existence. The forms of existence or gatis are of four kinds, viz., (i)
naraka-gati, that is, hellish form, (ii) tiryag-gati, that is, sub-human
form, (iii) manusya-gati; that is, human form, and (iv) deva-gad, that is,
It is asserted that mundane beings are born in these four gatis according
to their punya-karmas, i.e., merits or papa-karmas i.e., demerits. Jainism
further believes that for moksa, i.e., complete salvation, birth in the
human form is essential and that those in other forms or gatis will attain
salvation only after taking birth in manusya�gati, i.e., human form.
(G) Characteristics of mundane souls
The mundane souls are always in the impure state, and in this state their
features are described in the classical text Dravya-sarigraha in the
Prakrit language :
Jivo uvaogamao amutti katta sadehaparimano
Bhotta samsarattho siddho so vissasoddhagai
��߾��� ��ֆ��ִֆ�� ����ע� ������֤���������֝��� l
������ �����ָ������ ��֬���� ���� �������������և� ll
(i) Jiva : It lived in the past, is living now and shall live for ever.
(ii) Upayogamaya : It has perception and knowledge.
(iii) Amurti : It is formless, that is, it has no touch, taste, smell or
(v) Kartr : It is the only responsible agent of all its actions.
(vi) Svadeha parimana : It fills the body which it occupies, for example,
that of an ant or an elephant.
(vii) Bhoktr : It enjoys the fruits of its karmas
(viii) Sarrisarastha : It wanders in Sarir.sara.
(ix) Siddha : It can become in its perfect condition, siddha (ix)
Cfrdhvagati : It has the tendency to go upwards.
As we have seen Jaina philosophy starts with a perfect division of the
universe into living and non-living substances, ajiva and ajiva. The ajiva,
i.e. non-living or non-soul substances are of five kinds, namely, (i)
Pudgala, i.e., matter, (ii) dharma i.e., medium of motion, (iii) adharma,
i.e., medium of rest, (iv) akasa, i.e., space, and (v) kada, i.e., time.
These six substances are called dravyas, i.e., elementary substances, in
Jaina philosophy. It should be noted that the terms dharma and adharma
have a special significance other than the usual meaning of punya and
papa, i.e., merit and demerit.
A dravya has got three characterics as follows : (a) first, dravya has the
quality of existence, (b) secondly, dravya has the quality of permanence
through origination and destruction, and (c) thirdly, dravya is the
substratum of attributes and modes.
Thus the dravya is uncreated and indestructible, its essential quali�ties
remain the same and it is only its paryaya or mode of condition, that can
and does change.
Whatever is perceived by the senses, the sense organs themselves, the
various kinds of bodies of Jivas, the mind, the karmas, and the other
material objects-all of these are known as pudgala or matter.
Dharma is the principle of motion, the accompanying circumstance or cause
which makes motion possible. Just as water itself, being indifferent or
neutral, is the condition of movement of fishes, so dharma, itself
non-motive, is the sine qua non of motion of, jivas and pudgalas Hence
dharma is co-terminus with the universe, and is one substance unlike jiva
and pudgala which are infinite in number.
Adharma or the principle of rest has all the characteristics asso�ciated
with dharnaa. But it is like the earth the sine qua non of rest for things
What contains or accommodates completely all Jivas and pudgalas and the
remaining dravyas in the universe is termed as akasa or space. It is very
pertinent to note that in Jaina philosophy the term akasa means space and
not ether as it is very often interpreted in other systems of Indian
That which is the cause or circumstance of the modification of the soul
and other dravyas is kala, that is, time. It is immaterial and it has the
peculiar attribute of helping the modification of other substances.
It is thus clear that dharma, adharma and akasa are each a single dravya,
whereas jiva, pudgala and kala are held to be manifold dravyas.
Further, it must be remembered that the doctrines of Jainism firmly
emphasize that these six Jiva and a jiva dravyas, i.e., living and
non-living substances, are externally existing, uncreated and with no
beginning in time. As substances they are eternal and unchanging but their
modifications are passing through a flux of changes. Their mutual
co-operation and interaction explain all that we imply by the term
'creation�. Hence the doctrines of Jainism do not admit of any �Creator�
of this universe.
The third principle asrava signifies the influx of karmic matter into the
constitution of the soul. Combination of karmic matter with Jiva or soul
is due to the activity of mind, speech or body. In other words, Yoga is
the name of a faculty of the soul itself, to attract matter under the
influence of past karmas. Hence in the embodied state this faculty rows
Thus Yoga is the channel of asrava. The physical matter which is actually
drawn to the soul cannot be perceived by the senses as it is very line.
Further, asrava is of two kinds, viz. (a) subha asrava, i.e., good infiux,
and (b) asubha asrava, i.e., bad influx.
The subha asrava is the inlet of virtue or meritorious karmas, and a subha
asrava is the inlet of vice or demeritorious karmas.
When the karmic matter enters the soul, both get imperceptibly mixed with
each other. Bandha or bondage is the assimilation of matter which is fit
to form karmas by the soul as it is associated with passions. This union
of spirit and matter does not imply a complete annihilation of their
natural properties, but only a suspension of their functions, in varying
degrees, according to the quality and quantity of the matter absorbed.
Thus the effect of the fusion of the spirit and matter is manifested in
the form of a compound personality which partakes of the nature of both,
without actually destroying either.
The causes of bandha


text:
Here we report in vitro and in vivo detection of self-assembled Au-imidazole by using near-infrared surface-enhanced Raman scattering (NIR-SERS). In vivo, the Au-imidazole structures were administered into tumor-bearing mice and detected noninvasively. The self-assembled Au-imidazole complexes were generated by the adsorption of imidazole molecules onto Au nanoparticles (NP) and were then characterized as aqueous suspensions by using NIR-SERS, angle-dependent light scattering with fractal dimension analysis, and visible extinction spectroscopy. The structure and optical activity was sensitive to imidazole concentration and Au NP size. Specifically, the Au-imidazole assemblies formed at lower imidazole concentrations had the lowest fractal dimension (Df = 1.2) and the largest Raman enhancement factors for the dominant NIR-SERS feature, a ring-breathing vibrational mode at 954 cm-1. Changes in elastic scattering intensify, fractal dimension, and surface plasmon absorption were observed with increasing imidazole concentration. The Raman enhancement factor was also found to range between 106 and 109 with different primary Au nanoparticle sizes. For the higher enhancement factor systems, NIR-SERS detection of Au-imidazole was performed with data acquisitions time of only 5 s. The largest enhancement was observed for the 954-cm-1 feature at an imidazole concentration of 1.9 μM when coupled to 54-nm-diameter Au NPs (the largest NP tested). Finally, we show the first demonstration of in vivo, noninvasive, and real-time SERS detection.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Analytical Chemistry


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I have the springer svjour3 template and the user guide says that for tables the usual Latex 2e commands are used.
Now, I would like to produce a table that goes over the whole page (the error is the same, no matter whether I choose the one or the two column setup) with three columns of 6cm width. Inside the cells the text should be line broken automatically.
% For tables use
% table caption is above the table
\caption{Please write your table caption here}
\label{tab:1} % Give a unique label
% For LaTeX tables use
\begin{tabular}{ p{5 cm} l p{5 cm} l p{5 cm} }
first & second & third \\
number & Some very very long text. And even more longer text in this column. & number \\
number & number & Some very very long text. And even more longer text in this column. \\
The problem is that no matter how I manipulate the arguments to the tabular commands, I can produce the desired 5cm for one column only, the rest would ignore it and just get as long as it gets and run out of the pdf page. What could cause this?
share|improve this question
1 Answer 1
Your l column specification is causing this: p{5cm} will fix the width of that column to 5cm and break the lines as expected. However, l, r and c columns do not break.
You may be interested in using the tabularx package's tabularx environment rather. It provides an X column specification that breaks (like p{}), but spreads out to fill some pre-specified width. The usage resembles
 % Your tabular stuff here
In the above code snippet, the table will be \linewidth wide, with the X-column filling up whatever is left of \linewidth-10cm (and some column spacing).
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


text:
Meeting Schedule: First and Third Tuesdays at 7:30 PM
Purpose & Duties
The Conservation Commission was established in Stow in 1963 and, under state law, may not be abolished. The duties and responsibilities of a Conservation Commission are spelled out in the Conservation Commission Act. Under this Act, a municipal Conservation Commission is the official agency specifically charged with the protection of a community's natural resources. The Conservation Commission also advises other municipal officials and boards on conservation issues that relate to their areas of responsibility.
The first powers given to Commissions in 1957 focused on promotion and development of natural resources and protection of watershed resources. Under these powers Commissions exercise the functions of planning, acquiring and managing open space, and encouraging and monitoring conservation and agricultural preservation restrictions. The Commission relies heavily on associate members and volunteers to assist with managing over 1,000 acres of conservation land for the protection of wildlife and passive recreation. The Commission has adopted regulations for the use of the town's conservation lands and permits are required for community garden plots, horseback riding, camping and large groups. Trail Maps are available in the office of the Conservation Commission.
In 1972 the Commission was given the responsibility of administering the Wetlands Protection Act (G.L. Ch. 131 40). Thus the Commission serves the community in a regulatory as well as a conservation capacity. The Commission also enforces The Town of Stow Wetland Protection Bylaw adopted in 1983. The Commission spends much of its time reviewing proposed development projects in or near wetlands and other water resource areas through the public hearing process and issues permits for any projects that may impact wetland resources.
The Community Preservation Act was adopted by Stow and the Conservation Commission has, by law, a seat on the local Community Preservation Committee; the Commission chooses its representative.
Open Space and Recreation Plans are critical tools for analyzing a community's protected land and water areas, and for identifying remaining undeveloped parcels and important local resources. Through a plan, parcels can be prioritized for future acquisition. To be eligible for state Self-Help money to buy land, a municipality must have a current approved or draft Open Space and Recreation Plan on file with the state. The Commission appoints volunteers and associate members to update the plan every five years.
The Commission also has a representative on the Master Plan Committee. A master plan sets out the goals a community has relative to growth and development, largely through planning for zoning changes. Within the framework of a master plan, a community could plan for open space conservation through certain types of zoning or plans for acquisition that meets the goals and needs identified in a master plan.


text:
Box 7.1: Assessment and management plans
As there are no specific MBS items for dementia diagnosis and management services, a number of MBS items may be claimed by GPs and other specialists for services involved in diagnosing and managing dementia including:
- Geriatrician Referred Patient Assessment and Management Plans (MBS items 141–147; referred to as 'Geriatrician referred plans') are comprehensive assessment and management plan services provided by a consultant physician or specialist in geriatric medicine to patients who have been referred by a GP. These services are for patients aged 65 and over with complex health issues and who are at significant risk of poor health outcomes.
- Chronic Disease Management Items (MBS group A15; referred to as 'Chronic disease plans') are management plan services for people with chronic or terminal health conditions, or conditions that require care from a GP and at least 2 other health or care providers.
These plans aim to provide comprehensive and up-to-date information on the patient's health priorities, actions for patients to take to manage their condition/s and achieve their health goals, as well as information on health and community services available to the patient. In addition to assessing a patient's current and past medical history, assessments may involve an assessment of physical, psychological (including cognition) and social function, as well as advanced care planning.
In 2016–17, on average, there were substantially more geriatrician referred plans (17 per 100 people) and chronic disease plans (131 per 100 people) for people with dementia than people without dementia (1.4 and 55 per 100 people, respectively) (Figure 7.5).
These differences between people with and without dementia were mainly due to differences among people living in the community. On average there were:
- 18 times as many geriatrician referred plans for people with dementia as there were for people without dementia living in the community
- 2.7 times as many chronic disease plans for people with dementia as there were for people without dementia living in the community.
By comparison, there were 1.7 times as many geriatrician referred plans for people with dementia as there were for people without dementia living in residential aged care. However, the average number of chronic disease plans was slightly higher for people without dementia than people with dementia living in residential aged care.
Figure 7.5: Geriatrician referred plans and chronic disease plans for people with and without dementia (plans per 100 people), by place of residence in 2016–17


text:
This lecture will be delivered via Zoom online.
In later life – do attachment principles still apply. Drawing on clinical, observational and personal experience, Jeremy will explore the psychodynamic 'tasks' of the second half of life.
During this talk, Jeremy will touch on:
- The 'reverse Oedipus' and the challenge of letting go
- The evolutionary role of grandparents (literal and metaphorical) as culture-bearers
- What attachment research tells us about old age, adaptive and maladaptive
- Dante and Jung's map of pathways to graceful endings.


text: - We investigate the effects of weakly and strongly stratified turbulent convection on the mean effective Lorentz force, and especially on the mean effective magnetic pressure. Earlier studies with isotropically forced non-stratified and stratified turbulence have shown that the contribution of the turbulence to the mean magnetic pressure is negative for mean horizontal magnetic fields that are smaller than the equipartition strength, so that the effective mean magnetic pressure that takes into account the turbulence effects can be negative. Compared with earlier cases of forced turbulence with an isothermal equation of state, we find that the turbulence effect is similar to or even stronger in the present case of turbulent convection. This is argued to be due to the anisotropy of turbulence in the vertical direction. Another important difference compared with earlier studies is the presence of an evolution equation for the specific entropy. Mean-field modelling with entropy evolution indicates that the negative effective magnetic pressure can still lead to a large-scale instability which forms local flux concentrations, even though the specific entropy evolution tends to have a stabilizing effect when applied to a stably stratified (e.g. isothermal) layer. It is argued that this large-scale instability could be important for the formation of solar large-scale magnetic structures such as active regions.


What to Do If You Are Arrested in Florida
Brent Horst, Attorney at Law's Criminal Law Legal Blogs
Licensed for 29 years
Attorney in Nashville, TN
Being arrested can be an emotionally traumatic experience. But knowing the process—and what to do if it happens to you—can reduce the risk of mistakes that may make your criminal difficulties worse.
When you are arrested in Florida, the police take you into their custody believing you have committed a crime. It is important to cooperate with law enforcement officials during your arrest—resisting only makes matters worse. You may provide identification, drivers license and registration if in a motor vehicle, as requested. But be aware that anything you say to police may be used against you, even before you have been informed of your rights.
The arresting officers inform you of your right to remain silent and to have a Boca Raton criminal attorney represent you. They take you to a police station for booking. You are advised of the general charges against you, although the details may be changed later by the prosecutor.
At the station you are fingerprinted and photographed. You may also be required to participate in a lineup, give a sample of your handwriting, give blood and a DNA sample, or provide other evidence in a similar manner. If so, ask to have your attorney there during these procedures. You are usually given the opportunity to make phone calls, such as to your family and lawyer, at some time during the process.
Generally within a few hours of being booked, a bail amount is set, although the details and length of the process vary widely depending on the time, the seriousness of the crime, or other factors. Your attorney informs you about arraignment and the legal process that follows from there.
You cannot go wrong by remaining silentSome people who are arrested believe that just by explaining the situation, the police will understand and release them. This is wrong. It is just as important to remain silent if you are innocent.
Do not make the naive but common mistake of believing that if you act as if you have nothing to hide by answering questions, volunteering information, or not asking for a lawyer, you can convince the police to let you go. When they arrest you, they have already decided you are guilty. Any information you give them will go into the case they make against you. So do ask for an attorney immediately, and do not answer any questions without your attorney's advice.
When the police inform you of your right to remain silent and to be represented by an attorney, let the police know immediately that you wish to be represented by a lawyer. Say out loud that you will not answer any questions. Be sure to seek the expertise of Miami criminal attorneys, or one that serves your area, immediately and do not speak to the police, your fellow detainees, or anyone, until the attorney arrives.
Important things to know if you are arrested
 - Do not resist arrest. This is a crime itself and you can be prosecuted for it even if the original charge upon which you were arrested is dropped.
 - Do not give the police permission to conduct any questionable search. The legal rules the govern police searches are complex – but if you give permission to conduct a search you waive any right against it you might have.
 - Be wary of what you say before you are arrested. The police don't have to inform you of your right to silence and to an attorney until they take you into custody. If they convince you to talk to them before then, they can use everything you say against you. You are not legally required to tell them more than your name and address, so if you think you might be arrested, say little.
 - Identify any witnesses who might help you as soon as possible. For instance, if you are involved in a vehicular incident, you may be able to do this even before the police arrive. Witnesses may be very hard to find later.
 - Do not talk to your lawyer in public. Only private communication with your lawyer is confidential. If a third person hears what you tell your attorney, it can be used against you.
 - Do not say anything about your case to anyone except your attorney – not to family members, friends, anyone in the police station, or anyone else. Anything you say to anyone else can be used against you.
A skillful Boca Raton criminal defense attorney can make the difference between freedom and incarceration. If you or a loved one need a criminal defense lawyer on your side, contact the Law Firm of Brent Horst online, or call _PHONE_.
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Laparoscopic Pelvic Floor Repair
What is laparoscopic pelvic floor repair?
Laparoscopic pelvic floor repair refers to the use of laparoscopic or minimally invasive surgery for correction of pelvic organ prolapse.
How does laparoscopic pelvic floor repair work?
Over the last decade, doctors have used laparoscopic surgery for diagnosis and treatment of most gynaecological conditions. In the process, doctors have discovered that laparoscopy can help identify and repair many different defects which cause pelvic organ prolapse, restoring them to normal positions.
How is laparoscopic pelvic floor repair different from other surgical alternatives?
In traditional repair surgery, incisions are made through the vaginal skins and the torn or damaged connective tissues is plicated using absorbable suture materials. In laparoscopic pelvic floor repair, surgeons reattach the prolapsed pelvic organs to the pelvic floor muscles or bony landmarks using non-absorbable / permanent suture or mesh materials. The repair is based on the concept that pelvic organs prolapse mainly as a result shearing forces which damage the connective tissues that attach the pelvic organs to the pelvic floor.
What types of pelvic organ prolapse are laparoscopic pelvic floor repair suitable for?
Laparoscopic surgery is suitable for correction of detachment types of pelvic floor defects which form cystocoele, rectocoele, uterine and post-hysterectomy vault prolapse.
What are the benefits of laparoscopic pelvic floor repair?
The benefits of laparoscopic pelvic floor repair include high success rates (over 90%), little post-operative pain, reduced risk of painful vaginal scars and vaginal strictures.
What are the risks of laparoscopic pelvic floor repair?
Risks associated with laparoscopic pelvic floor repair are uncommon. They include risks associated anaesthesia, laparoscopic surgery and vaginal repair. The latter may include rare injury to bladder, bowel, blood vessels and nerves of the pelvis.
Is laparoscopic pelvic floor repair right for me?
As every individual patient has different types of pelvic floor defects, different tissue quality, different health status, and different expectations, you should consult with your own specialist to determine if laparoscopic pelvic floor surgery is right for you.
At CARE, our highly experienced surgeons specialize in the management of pelvic organ prolapse. We have treated thousands of women, many of whom have been referred due to the complexity of their problems or previous unsuccessful surgical repairs.
CARE surgeons are particularly skilled in the laparoscopic pelvic floor repair and sacro-colpopexy and have taught and demonstrated these techniques at many national and international meetings.


text:
November 17, 2010
The Role of Immigrants in the U.S. Labor Market: An Update
July 23, 2010
People born in other countries are a growing presence in the U.S. labor force. In 1994, 1 in 10 people in the U.S. labor force was born elsewhere, but in 2009, 1 in 7 was foreign born. About 40 percent of the foreign-born labor force in 2009 was from Mexico and Central America, and more than 25 percent was from Asia.
This document updates the Congressional Budget Offices (CBOs) November 2005 paper The Role of Immigrants in the U.S. Labor Market. That earlier report included data through 2004; this update, the first of several on various aspects of immigration, incorporates data through 2009. It focuses on the growing number of foreign-born workers, the countries from which they have come, their educational attainment, the types of jobs they hold, and their earnings. In keeping with CBOs mandate to provide objective, nonpartisan analysis, this report makes no recommendations.
People born in other countries represent a substantial and growing segment of the U.S. labor forcethat is, people with a job or looking for one. In 2009, 24 million members of the labor forcemore than one in sevenwere foreign born, up from 21 million in 2004. However, the growth of the foreign-born labor force was much slower between 2004 and 2009 than between 1994 and 2004. In that earlier period, the size of the foreign-born labor force grew at an average annual rate of more than 5 percent, whereas from 2004 to 2009, the rate was about 2 percent. As a share of the total, the foreign-born labor force grew from 10.0 percent in 1994 to 14.5 percent in 2004 and to 15.5 percent in 2009.
Among members of the foreign-born labor force in the United States in 2009, about half came to this country before 1994. In 2009, 40 percent of the foreign-born labor force was from Mexico and Central America, and more than 25 percent was from Asia.
In 2009, over half of the foreign-born workers from Mexico and Central America did not have a high school diploma or GED credential, as compared with just 6 percent of native-born workers. In contrast, nearly half of the foreign-born workers from places other than Mexico and Central America had at least a bachelors degree, as compared with 35 percent of native-born workers.
Over time, participants in the U.S. labor force from Mexico and Central America have become more educated. In 2009, they had completed an average of 9.8 years of schooling up from 9.5 years in 2004; 55 percent lacked a high school diploma or GED credential down from 59 percent in 2004; and among 16- to 24-year-olds, 50 percent were not in school and were not high school graduates down from 60 percent in 2004. Nevertheless, those born in Mexico and Central America are constituting an increasingly large share of the least educated portions of the labor force. For example, in 2009 they made up 64 percent of labor force participants with at most an 8th grade education a figure that was 58 percent in 2004.
To a considerable extent, educational attainment determines the role of foreign-born workers in the labor market. In 2009, 70 percent of workers born in Mexico and Central America were employed in occupations that have minimal educational requirements, such as construction laborer and dishwasher; only 23 percent of native-born workers held such jobs. On average, the weekly earnings of men from Mexico and Central America who worked full time were just over half those of native-born men; women from Mexico and Central America earned about three-fifths of the average weekly earnings of native-born women.
Foreign-born workers who came to the United States from places other than Mexico and Central America were employed in a much broader range of occupations. They were more than twice as likely as native-born workers to be in fields such as computer and mathematical sciences, which generally require at least a college education. Their average weekly earnings were similar to those of native-born men and women.
The information on immigration in this report comes from the Current Population Survey, a survey of U.S. households conducted monthly by the Census Bureau. The survey asks respondents where they and their parents were born. Those who were born in another country are asked when they came to the United States to stay and if they have become a U.S. citizen by naturalization. They are not asked about their legal immigration status.
Social Security Disability Insurance: Participation Trends and Their Fiscal Implications
July 22, 2010
The Social Security Disability Insurance (DI) program pays cash benefits to nonelderly adults (those younger than age 66) who are judged to be unable to perform substantial work because of a disability but who have worked in the past; the program also pays benefits to some of those adults dependents. In 2009, the Disability Insurance program paid benefits to almost 8 million disabled beneficiaries and about 2 million of those beneficiaries spouses and children.
Between 1970 and 2009, the number of people receiving DI benefits more than tripled, from 2.7 million to 9.7 million (unless otherwise specified, all years are calendar years). That jump, which significantly outpaced the increase in the working-age population during that period, is attributable to several changesin characteristics of that population, in federal policy, and in opportunities for employment. In addition, during those years, the average inflation-adjusted cost per person receiving DI benefits rose from about $6,900 to about $12,800 (in 2010 dollars). As a result, inflation-adjusted expenditures for the DI program, including administrative costs, increased nearly sevenfold between 1970 and 2009, climbing from $18 billion to $124 billion (in 2010 dollars). Most DI beneficiaries, after a two-year waiting period, are also eligible for Medicare; the cost of those benefits in fiscal year 2009 totaled about $70 billion.
Under current law, the DI program is not financially sustainable. Its expenditures are drawn from the Disability Insurance Trust Fund, which is financed primarily through a payroll tax of 1.8 percent; the fund had a balance of $204 billion at the end of 2009. The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) projects that by 2015, the number of people receiving DI benefits will increase to 11.4 million and total expenditures will climb to $147 billion (in 2010 dollars; see Figure 1). However, tax receipts credited to the DI trust fund will be about 20 percent less than those expenditures, and three years later, in 2018, the trust fund will be exhausted, according to CBOs estimates. Without legislative action to reduce the DI programs outlays, increase its dedicated federal revenues, or transfer other federal funds to it, the Social Security Administration will not have the legal authority to pay full DI benefits beyond that point.
A number of changes could be implemented to address the trust funds projected exhaustion. Some would increase revenues dedicated to the program; others would reduce outlays. One approach to reducing expenditures on DI benefits would be to establish policies that would make work a more viable option for people with disabilities. However, little evidence is available on the effectiveness of such policies, and their costs might more than offset any savings from reductions in DI benefits.


text:
Tools - DIF-Pack
DIF analyses can and indeed should be used to ensure that assessment items and tests are fair, in particular equally valid for various specified examinee subgroups, such as males and females. The DIF-Pack includes both source code and executable code for SIBTEST, POLY-SIBTEST, and Crossing SIBTEST, which together can test variously scored items and bundles of items (a bundle viewed as a collection) for various kinds of DIF. The source code is provided to facilitate continued improvement of the software, including applications to non-standard settings, research projects, improvements to the statistical algorithms, etc.
SIBTEST - Assessing Differential Item/Bundle Functioning (DIF/DBF)
SIBTEST implements a nonparametric estimation and hypothesis testing statistical method of assessing DIF in one or more items and/or DBF in one or more bundles of items. The method is based on Shealy-Stout's (1993) multidimensional IRT model for DIF, a model further developed by Roussos and Stout (1996). The model assumes that examinees matched on the level of the latent ability the test is designed to measure may differ in their expected performance on an item or on an item bundle because of construct irrelevant sources of score variation, and as such DIF may occur. This desired matching of examinees on the latent target ability that the test is intended to measure is done approximately by matching examinees either on total test score or on a user-specified subscore believed to validly measure the target ability over the studied examinee subpopulations. The total score except for certain items being removed that are believed to be possibly DIF-producing is a common and sound matching choice. With a flexible âuser-friendlyâ front-end program the user specifies the particular DIF/DBF hypothesis tests she wishes to perform, including:
- which item(s) or item bundle(s) will be tested for DIF/DBF,
- the alternative hypothesis to be tested: either a one-sided hypothesis of DIF/DBF against the reference group, a one-sided hypothesis of DIF/DBF against against the focal group, or a two-sided hypothesis of DIF/DBF against either group, and
- which items will be used to construct the examinee matching score.
SIBTEST uses a sophisticated nonlinear regression correction procedure (Jang & Stout, 1998) to match examinees, a procedure that has demonstrated improved effectiveness in controlling the false positive flagging of non-DIF items in comparison to the original linear regression correction in Shealy and Stout (1993).
Crossing SIBTEST tests for crossing DIF/DBF, the condition in which the DIF/DBF is experienced by one group for lower values of ability level and by the other group for higher levels of ability. In this manner, DIF against both specified examinee populations is possible in a single item, occurring as a function of ability level. Analogous to SIBTEST, this program uses a regression correction technique to appropriately match examinees from the two populations, and computes the expected score differences for a suspect item or item bundle at varying ability levels. A strength of the procedure is its capacity to identify the location of the crossing point (e.g., the target ability level at which the expected score difference changes sign). Output includes an estimate of the amount of crossing-DIF present, the point at which such crossing occurs, the relative amount of the total amount of crossing DIF/DBF occurring against each population (necessary because crossing DIF consists of DIF against both populations depending on ability level), and the results of the DIF/DBF tests of significance. The Crossing SIBTEST procedure is also sensitive to the more commonly occurring unidirectional DIF/DBF, although the hypothesis testing statistical procedure differs some in algorithmic detail from regular SIBTEST.
Polytomous SIBTEST handles polytomously scored item responses (ordered responses with more than two response categories). This extension of SIBTEST is conceptually straightforward, except for some changes required to account for the additional ordered item score categories in the matching criterion. It uses a revised reliability estimate in performing the regression correction, which controls for too many DIF/DBF false positives. This regression correction is a generalization of the original linear regression correction of Shealy and Stout (1993).


text:
Olga Radko joined the UCLA Mathematics Department as a VIGRE Assistant Professor in 2002 after receiving her PhD from UC Berkeley. Her pioneering work on the complete classification of two-dimensional Poisson structures is well known in the field of Poisson geometry, where these objects are sometimes called Radko surfaces.
In 2007, Olga founded the Los Angeles Math Circle, and served as its director until her death in 2020, continuing to work even while hospitalized. LAMC was Olga's passion and her creative energies and administrative talent led the program on a path to remarkable growth and impact.
Olga inspired a generation of schoolchildren to pursue studies in mathematics and related fields. Over 1,500 children attended the Math Circle during its first 13 years of operation. More than 170 UCLA students worked as docents in the Math Circle over these years and have learned first hand the joys of sharing beautiful mathematics with kids of all ages. Her experiences teaching mathematics to young children have lead her to write two books Breaking Numbers into Parts, co-authored with Dr. Oleg Gleizer.
For the last 2.5 years of her life, Olga fought a hard battle against ovarian cancer. Despite being in continuous treatment for most of this time, she lost this fight on June 29, 2020.
Olga was a devoted wife and mother. She is survived by her husband Dima Shlyakhtenko, her mother and sister, and two sons, Victor and Robert. The world has lost a wonderful person and an irreplaceable gem.


text:
Here's a scenario. You catch a brook trout in a seemingly clear and clean stream. There is no industry to speak of, but the stream is open to Great Lakes salmon that come up and spawn and die in the fall.
What are the chances of that brook trout being contaminated with nasty chemicals? The answer is they just might be, according to a story in Science Daily today that reports on University of Notre Dame research that found that the unintended consequences of allowing Great Lakes migratory fish to pass upstream can be a transfer of the contamination from salmon to say, a brook trout – and your dinner.
Salmon accumulate a variety of toxic chemicals during their stay in the Great Lakes, particularly near big urban centers. Those chemicals are left behind upstream in both their rotting bodies after death and in their eggs which brook trout eat.
As Michigan moves ahead with dam removal projects on Great Lake tributaries like the Boardman River, this is an issue that will come into ever-sharper focus. And it should. As the story suggests, we have fish consumption advisories for salmon, but not for stream fish.
What is safe and how many and how often? Those questions are likely to come up more and more. Read more: Migrating Toxics in Fish


text:
What is River to River CWMA?
The River to River Cooperative Weed Management Area (CWMA) is a partnership between 12 federal and state agencies, organizations, and universities aimed at coordinating efforts and programs for addressing the threat of invasive plants in Southern Illinois. The CWMA was formally established in 2006 (view our MOU) and addresses both terrestrial and aquatic invasive plant species through collaborative projects and activities focused in the following areas:
The CWMA is grant funded and projects-based. Our goal is to cooperatively address the short and long-term effects of non-native invasive plants across jurisdictional boundaries within the 11 southern counties of Illinois.
Thank you for your support!
The River to River Cooperative Weed Management Area would like to acknowledge the following funding sources:
Help Protect Wildlife Habitat by Reducing the Spread of Exotic Invasive Species


Signal Detection Experiment
You will be engaging in a signal detection experiment. The goal of this experiment is to gather data that will help us understand the our cognitive processes play a role even in the basic act of detecting if some stimulus, some object is in the world.
Experimental Setup
When you open up the experiment, you will start see these sliders centered near the top of the screen.
Signal Detection Setup
You will adjust only two of these sliders for the experiment:
Duration of Stimulus (msec): 16 and 100
Percentage of Trials with Signal: 10, 50 and 90.
So you will run the experiment 6 times, combining each duration with each percentage:
 Pct 10 Pct 50 Pct 90
Duration 16 msec 16 msec, 10 16 msec, 50 16 msec, 90
Duration 100 msec 100 msec, 10 100 msec, 50 100 msec, 90
Running the Experiment
You will have 80 trials in each condition. Don't worry they go fast. A string of XXXXXXXX will be presented for the duration. You job is to determine if there is a Y in the list. use the buttons at the bottom of the screen to respond. You must guess yes or no that you say the Y. I don't know is not an option. The percentage tells you how likely a Y is present. So if you are not sure and there are Y's on 90% of the trials, what is your best guess? How about if there are Y's are only on 10% of the trials? Use that information.
Data To Collect
After each run of the experiment, you will be shown the follwoing data table:
Signal Detection Data Tabel
Record this data for each run (labeling the condition) in an excel sheet and send it in with the other data due this week.
Also, as for all on a word page, write 2-3 sentects were you interpret what you think is going on in your data.
Here is the link to the experiment.


text:
Main zoonosis transmitted by amphibians and fishes:
- infectious agent: a bacteria close to the tubercle bacillus: Mycobacterium marinum, or others.
- animal desease:
- very gradual weight loss of fish, whose head may then seem disproportionately large compared to the rest of the body
- discoloration, stomach dug, back deformed, erratic swimming, abnormal droppings, regression of the fins and sometimes ulcers
- Mean of contamination:
- mouth-to-hand contact with dirty hands, contaminated by soiled water.
- human desease : extremely painful skin nodules


text:
Personal belongings of the Crockers, including photographs, correspondence, jewels, oil portraits, furniture, and ephemera, are on view on the Museum's second floor.
As a prominent California family, the Crockers supported many social and civic causes. Judge Edwin B. Crocker (_PHONE_) practiced law and served on the State Supreme Court. He was the brother of Charles Crocker, one of the "Big Four" railroad barons, and acted as legal council for the Central Pacific Railroad. In 1885, his widow, Margaret (_PHONE_), fulfilled their shared vision of creating a public art museum when she presented the E. B. Crocker Art Gallery and collection to the City of Sacramento and the California Museum Association, "in trust for the public."
- Judge Edwin
Judge Edwin B. Crocker (_PHONE_)
Edwin Bryant Crocker was the eldest of five children born to Isaac and Elizabeth Clark Crocker. He grew up in Troy, New York, and attended the Rensselaer Institute (now Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute) where he earned a degree in civil engineering. He later studied law in South Bend, Indiana, where he established an impressive practice and a reputation as a staunch abolitionist.
His first wife, Mary Norton, died in the late 1840s, leaving him with a young daughter. He married his second wife, Margaret Rhodes, on July 8, 1852 in New York. The ceremony was performed by Henry Ward Beecher and took place only a few days before the newlyweds booked passage to California, via the Isthmus of Panama. They arrived in San Francisco and made their way to Sacramento.
Once established in their new home, Edwin resumed his legal career. In 1854, he became the chair of the newly formed Republican Party, which was committed to promoting national unity, opposing the spread of slavery, and encouraging a transcontinental railroad. Party victory came with Lincoln's election as President and Stanford's election as California governor in 1861. Because of his expertise in common law and his prominence in party politics, Edwin was appointed a State Supreme Court Justice in 1863. During the seven months of his service, he handed down a record number of opinions.
In 1864, Crocker accepted an offer to serve as legal counsel for the Central Pacific Railroad Company, a company organized by Leland Stanford, Mark Hopkins, Collis P. Huntington and Edwin's brother, Charles Crocker.
In June of 1869, Edwin suffered a stroke, leaving him partially paralyzed for the rest of his life. He retired from the railroad business and pursued other interests. These interests included renovation of the family's new home, commissioning an art gallery building, and embarking on a Grand Tour to Europe with his family from 1869 to 1871. The family moved into the new home in 1872, and installation of the galleries was completed in late 1873. Unfortunately, Edwin was not able to enjoy his collection or magnificent gallery for long, as he died on June 24, 1875.
Margaret Eleanor Rhodes Crocker (_PHONE_)
Margaret, the youngest of twelve children, was born shortly after the death of her father. When her mother also passed away, Margaret went to live with a married sister, Anne Bender, in South Bend, Indiana. Here she sang in the local choral group, which is where she met Edwin and Mary Crocker. Following Mary's death, Margaret accepted Edwin's marriage proposal and joined him in the treacherous voyage to California.
During most of her married years, Margaret's activities were devoted to family, church and the community. Like her husband, she was an ardent abolitionist and devoted time and money to charitable causes. After her husband's death in 1875, Margaret emerged as a social and civic leader. Her most significant philanthropic act was to present the
"Crocker Art Gallery" and the bulk of its collections to the City of Sacramento and the newly formed California Museum Association in May 1885. She maintained an active interest in the Gallery through membership on the CMA Board, and she provided scholarships to students attending art school in the Crocker galleries.
During the next several years, Margaret maintained residences in Sacramento, San Francisco, Lake Tahoe, Los Angeles and New York. In 1900, she donated her Sacramento home to the Peniel Rescue Mission, her last public gift to charity. She died on December 1, 1901 in New York, and her ashes were returned to Sacramento to be placed in the family plot at the City Cemetery.
Mary Norton Crocker Walker (1848-unknown)
Edwin's daughter by his first wife was born in 1848 in South Bend, Indiana and named after her mother. She joined her father and stepmother, Margaret, in Sacramento sometime after 1852. In November 1864, she married Charles Scudder, a bookkeeper in Sacramento. Edwin entrusted the management of his art collection to Charles, and in 1873 commissioned a home to be built for his daughter and Charles at the corner of Third and P Streets. They later divorced, and Mary married Myron P. Walker in 1878 and moved to New York.
Kate Eugenie Crocker Gunn (_PHONE_)
Kate (left), the eldest child of Edwin and Margaret, was born in 1854 in Sacramento. She pursued an active interest in art and was a student of Charles Christian Nahl. Her paintings were included in the prestigious San Francisco Art Association exhibitions. She married James O. B. Gunn in February 1874, but died soon after on October 26, 1874.
Edwin Clark Crocker (_PHONE_)
Edwin Clark, only son of Edwin and Margaret, was born in 1856, but died 16 days later of whooping cough.
Nellie Margaret Crocker (_PHONE_)
Correspondence exchanged between Nellie and her beau, William A. Beck (Deputy of Secretary of State), reveals a more personal view of the Crocker family than any other surviving source. The letters, invitations and telegrams, written in 1879, refer to family visits to Lake Tahoe, dinner parties at the Crocker home, and Nellie's trip East to visit her half-sister Mary in New York City, her sister Jennie in Elmira, and family friends in Baltimore. Nellie, who never enjoyed robust health, died suddenly on December 27, 1879 in New York.
Jennie Louise Crocker Fassett (_PHONE_)
Jennie Louise Crocker married attorney/businessman J. Sloat Fassett in February 1879 and moved to Elmira, New York. A champion of the fledgling gallery, she contributed $10,000 in 1911 toward the City's purchase of the former Crocker family home to provide additional gallery and office space. Her many excursions abroad with her husband included a 1912 visit to Korea, where they were among the first westerners welcomed by the Royal Court. These travels inspired Jennie to collect Korean ceramics, fine jade, ivory and sculpture, all later gifted to the Museum's permanent collection.
Amy Isabella Crocker Galitzine (_PHONE_)
As the most colorful member of the Crocker family, Amy (later Aimée) enjoyed an exotic and indulgent lifestyle. Her audacious autobiography, entitled And I'd Do It Again, shocked readers when it was published in 1936. She married five times, including a union with the European Prince Galitzine. She had one daughter with her first husband R. Porter Ashe and later adopted Yvonne and Reginald while married to Jackson Gouraud. She died in New York in February 1941.
Elwood Bender Crocker (1870-unknown)
Born in Reno, Nevada to William S. and Elizabeth Day Bender, relatives of Margaret Crocker, Elwood was adopted by Edwin and Margaret following the death of his parents. He later went to live with Jennie Fassett in Elmira, New York.


text: The fusion of founder cells and fusion-competent myoblasts (FCMs) is crucial for muscle formation in Drosophila Characteristic events of myoblast fusion include the recognition and adhesion of myoblasts, and the formation of branched F-actin by the Arp2/3 complex at the site of cell-cell contact. At the ultrastructural level, these events are reflected by the appearance of finger-like protrusions and electron-dense plaques that appear prior to fusion. Severe defects in myoblast fusion are caused by the loss of Kette (a homolog of Nap1 and Hem-2, also known as NCKAP1 and NCKAP1L, respectively), a member of the regulatory complex formed by Scar or WAVE proteins (represented by the single protein, Scar, in flies). kette mutants form finger-like protrusions, but the electron-dense plaques are extended. Here, we show that the electron-dense plaques in wild-type and kette mutant myoblasts resemble other electron-dense structures that are known to function as cellular junctions. Furthermore, analysis of double mutants and attempts to rescue the kette mutant phenotype with N-cadherin, wasp and genes of members of the regulatory Scar complex revealed that Kette has two functions during myoblast fusion. First, Kette controls the dissolution of electron-dense plaques. Second, Kette controls the ratio of the Arp2/3 activators Scar and WASp in FCMs.


up correctly, but the Token Ring interface still fails to insert into the ring, use the process of elimination to rule out issues with cables or with the MAU. Use a wrap plug or ensure that the adapter is connected to a working MAU. Bad cabling causes many adapter problems during the insertion process. Things to look for include:
 - Is the adapter configured to use the correct media port, unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) cable, or shielded twisted-pair (STP) cable?
 - Is the cable that runs from the adapter to the hub complete and correct?
 - What kind of media filter is in use? Keep in mind that what works at 4 Mbps does not always work at 16 Mbps.
It could be that there is a physical layer problem on the ring (for example, wiring, line noise, or jitter) which shows up as more stations insert. This causes purges and beacons, which kick off a newly inserted adapter. This can be eliminated if the Token Ring interface comes up when it is connected to another MAU with no other stations. You can then gradually add more stations to see at what point you get a failure. This test also eliminates possible conflict issues such as Active Monitor, RPS, Configuration Report Server (CRS), and others. See the LAN Network Manager section for details.
LAN Network Manager
LAN Network Manager (LNM, formerly called LAN Manager) is an IBM product that manages a collection of source-route bridges. LNM uses a version of Common Management Information Protocol (CMIP) to talk to the LNM station manager. LNM allows you to monitor the entire collection of Token Rings that comprise your source-route bridged network. You can use LNM to manage the configuration of source-route bridges, monitor Token Ring errors, and gather information from Token Ring parameter servers.
As of Cisco IOS Software Release 9.0, Cisco routers that use 4 and 16 Mbps Token Ring interfaces that are configured for SRB support the proprietary protocol that LNM uses. These routers provide all of the functions that the IBM Bridge Program currently provides. Thus, LNM can communicate with a router as if it were an IBM source-route bridge - such as the IBM 8209 - and can manage or monitor any Token Ring connected to the router, whether it be a virtual ring or physical ring. LNM is enabled on Cisco routers by default. Also, these hidden interface configuration commands are enabled by default:
 - [no] lnm crs - The CRS monitors the current logical configuration of a Token Ring and reports any changes to LNM. CRS also reports various other events, such as the change of an active monitor on a Token Ring.
 - [no] lnm rps - The RPS reports to LNM when any new station joins a Token Ring and ensures that all stations on a ring use a consistent set of reporting parameters.
 - [no] lnm rem - Ring Error Monitor (REM) monitors errors that are reported by any station on the ring. In addition, REM monitors whether the ring is in a functional or failure state.
Those commands are only visible in the configuration once they have been disabled:
para# config terminal
para(config)# interface tokenRing 0
para(config-if)# no lnm crs
para(config-if)# ^Z
This is part of the Token Ring interface configuration in which the configuration is displayed:
interface TokenRing0
 ip address
 no ip directed-broadcast
 ring-speed 16
 source-bridge 200 1 300
 source-bridge spanning
 no lnm CRS
As you troubleshoot Token Ring interfaces, it might be necessary to disable CRS, RPS, REM, or all three on the Cisco router, to rule out conflict issues with other Token Ring devices. A typical scenario is when a Token Ring station fails to insert into the ring, even though the same station can insert into an isolated ring with no other stations present. You can disable individual servers, such as RPS, CRS, and REM, or disable LNM functionality on the router altogether with this global configuration:
 - lnm disabled - This command terminates all LNM server input and reporting links. It is a superset of the functions normally performed on individual interfaces by the no lnm rem, no lnm rps, and no lnm rps commands.
If you disable LNM and that solves the problem, make sure that you are not running into a known bug. If LNM is not required on your network, you may leave it disabled.
You can also make use of LNM functionality on the Cisco router to list stations that are on the local rings attached to the router, to see if there are any isolating error counts, and to see which station is sending them:
para# show lnm station
 isolating error counts
 station int ring loc. weight line inter burst ac abort
0005.770e.0a8c To0 00C8 0000 00 - N 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000
0006.f425.ce89 To0 00C8 0000 00 - N 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000
Note: If you disable LNM, you can not use any of the show lnm commands.
From the show lnm station command, of particular interest is station address, ring number, and any reported errors. For a full explanation of the fields, refer to the show lnm station command in the command reference manual.
Another useful LNM command is the show lnm interface command:
para# show lnm interface tokenring 0
 nonisolating error counts
interface ring Active Monitor SET dec lost cong. fc freq. token
To0 0200 0005.770e.0a8c 00200 00001 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000
Notification flags: FE00, Ring Intensive: FFFF, Auto Intensive: FFFF
Active Servers: LRM LBS REM RPS CRS
Last NNIN: never, from 0000.0000.0000.
Last Claim: never, from 0000.0000.0000.
Last Purge: never, from 0000.0000.0000.
Last Beacon: never, 'none' from 0000.0000.0000.
Last MonErr: never, 'none' from 0000.0000.0000.
 isolating error counts
 station int ring loc. weight line inter burst ac abort
From that command, you can readily see who is the active monitor, the stations that are present on the directly connected ring, and all of the active servers on the ring (such as REM, RPS, and others).
These are the other show lnm command options:
show lnm bridge
show lnm config
show lnm ring
Use of Cisco IOS Software Commands
These are the most commonly used Cisco IOS Software troubleshooting commands for Token Ring interfaces:
show interfaces tokenring
These are the highlights of the show interfaces tokenring command:
ankylo# show interfaces tokenring1/0
TokenRing1/0 is up, line protocol is up
 Hardware is IBM2692, address is 0007.78a6.a948 (bia 0007.78a6.a948)
 Internet address is
 MTU 4464 bytes, BW 16000 Kbit, DLY 630 usec,
 Encapsulation SNAP, loopback not set
 Keepalive set (10 sec)
 ARP type: SNAP, ARP Timeout 04:00:00
 Ring speed: 16 Mbps
 Duplex: half
 Mode: Classic token ring station
 Source bridging enabled, srn 5 bn 1 trn 100 (ring group)
 spanning explorer enabled
 Group Address: 0x00000000, Functional Address: 0x0800001A
 Ethernet Transit OUI: 0x000000
 Last Ring Status 18:15:54 (0x2000)
 Last input 00:00:01, output 00:00:01, output hang never
 Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
 Queueing strategy: fifo
 27537 packets input, _PHONE_ bytes, 0 no buffer
 Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
 7704 packets output, 859128 bytes, 0 underruns
 0 output errors, 0 collisions, 2 interface resets
 0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
 1 transitions
Output drops can be caused when the output media can not accept frames and the output queue reaches the maximum value before it starts to drop packets. Output drops might not necessarily indicate a problem, because an explorer frame that is dropped (because it has already traveled on a particular ring) can increment the output drops counter.
Increasing input drops, on the other hand, can be serious and should be carefully analyzed. Input drops can be caused by insufficient system buffers; see 0 no buffer in the previous show interfaces tokenring1/0 output. The incrementing no buffer counter of the show interfaces output might correlate to the incrementing misses counter of the show buffers output, and the appropriate buffer


text:
Sharing in the New Call to Peacemaking
Whereas, A basic principle of the Unitarian Universalist Association is to "implement the vision of one world by striving for a world community founded on ideals of brotherhood, justice, and peace;" and
Whereas, Delegates of the historic peace churches—Friends, Mennonites, and Brethren— gathered last October for a New Call to Peacemaking Conference and issued a statement of findings;
Be it Resolved, That the 1979 General Assembly of the Unitarian Universalist Association expresses its admiration and gratitude to those who participated in this peacemaking effort, and especially supports the following calls to peacemaking:
I. Strengthening our local base by:
A. Urging a comprehensive program of peace education in our congregations.
B. Encouraging local groups to engage in ecumenical and public dialogue on peace issues and promoting the peace witness in their communities.
C. Urging the development of support groups within congregations for those individuals who are working at peace issues (such as war tax resistance, simple lifestyles, and nonviolent action).
D. Recommending the development of mediation/reconciliation teams who can assist in conflict resolution in families, congregations, the community and beyond.
II. Developing a Peacemaking Lifestyle in: A. Personal Relationships.
The Assembly encourages creative love and respect for the integrity of each person, starting with the members of our families, and urges the speaking of truth in love, and the confronting of personal and structural wrongs, and the demonstration of forgiving love, and the use of cooperation rather than competition.
B. Economic Decisions.
The Assembly urges these specific responses:
1. Examine our personal and corporate stewardship of money.
2. Conserve natural resources.
3. Reduce our level of consumption.
4. Become more discerning in financial decisions either by taking direct action to influence investments in banks and institutions or by withdrawing investments in banks and institutions which serve militarism, economic exploitation or unjust governments, and investing rather in life-enhancing enterprises.
III. Confronting Militarism and the Arms Race.
A. The Assembly urges Unitarian Universalists and member societies to:
1. Support the United Nations initiatives for disarmament, the United StatesSoviet Strategic Arms Limitations Talks, and the use of national debate on these talks.
2. Call upon our government to take these initial steps towards disarmament (thus challenging other governments to do the same):
a. Reduce military spending by 10% in the coming year.
b. Stop further testing, development, and production of nuclear weapons.
c. Halt arms transfers to other countries. B. Conversion to a Peace Economy.
The Assembly asks Unitarian Universalists to support:
1. Research and action toward economic conversion to non-military production, with assistance for those who are temporarily unemployed during the process.
2. Transfer of tax monies from the military budget to programs meeting human needs.
C. War Tax Resistance.
The Assembly challenges ourselves and our congregations to uphold war tax resisters with spiritual, emotional, legal, and material support.
D. World Peace Fund.
In keeping with our past support of alternative service provisions for conscientious objectors to the draft, the Assembly urges support for congressional enactment of a World Peace Tax Fund as an alternative to compulsory financial support of war and preparation for war.
(1979 General Resolution)
For further information, contact: Office of the Executive Vice-President, Registry for Conscientious Objectors, Unitarian Universalist Association, 25 Beacon Street, Boston, MA 02108; _EMAIL_; _URL_