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Idaho Military RecordsEdit This Page
From FamilySearch Wiki
The major depository for military records in the United States is the National Archives. Copies of many of these records and others are found at the Family History Library in Salt Lake City and at other federal and state archives. For Idaho the following sources are also very helpful.
Forts were authorized by the federal government, built to house and maintain the military who were to assist in maintaining peace by enforcing treaties and providing protection to settlers.
- Fort Boise -- The original Fort Boise was built in 1834 by the British Hudson's Bay Company. It was located on the Boise River about seven miles upstream from its mouth on the Snake River, near the present town of Parma, Idaho. In 1838 it was moved to the mouth of the Boise River, on the Snake River. It was a supply point along the Oregon Trail until 1854, when it was abandoned due to flooding and attacks by Bannock Indians. A new Fort Boise was built near the present city of Boise, Idaho in 1863. A veterans' hospital was established on the grounds of the newer Fort Boise and the remainder of its site was turned over to the State of Idaho in 1944. (For additional history of Fort Boise, see the Idaho State Historical Society's Reference Series No. 29 and No. 356.) Textual records of this fort (also known as Boise Barracks), _PHONE_, including registers, reports, and correspondence, are in the National Archives and are described in Records of United States Army, Continental Commands, _PHONE_, under the section entitled Records of Posts, _PHONE_ (Record Group 393.7).
- Fort Hall -- was built in 1834, primarily as a trading post for fur trappers and Native Americans. It was located near where the Portneuf River empties into the Snake River, on the current Fort Hall Indian Reservation. The Fort also served as an important stop-over for those traveling the Oregon Trail. By 1863, the fort was no longer in use and had completely deteriorated. A Fort Hall replica has been built and is operated in Pocatello, Idaho. The remains of soldiers buried at Fort Hall were relocated to Fort McPherson National Cemetery on May 19, 1883.
- Fort Henry -- This fort was established in 1810 and was the first American fur trading post west of the Rocky Mountains. It was located near the present town of St. Anthony, Idaho, where a monument marking the site exists.
- Fort Lapwai -- Fort Lapwai was established in 1862 and occupied as a fort until 1885, following the Nez Perce War. The Northern Idaho Indian Agency, which was originally at Spalding, Idaho, was re-located to Fort Lapwai in 1904. The old fort was converted to use as a hospital and school. The parade grounds and some of the buildings remain intact. (For additional history of Fort Lapwai, see the site for the Nez Perce National Historical Park.) Textual records of this fort, _PHONE_, including registers, reports, and correspondence, are in the National Archives and are described in Records of United States Army, Continental Commands, _PHONE_, under the section entitled Records of Posts, _PHONE_ (Record Group 393.7).
- Fort Lemhi -- An early fur trading post was established in the Lemhi Valley in the 1820s and 30s, but existed for only a short time. Mormon settlers later established a fort to protect their settlement in the valley from 1855 to 1858, when they abandoned the settlement and returned to Utah. Fort Lemhi was never considered an official U.S. military post.
- Fort Sherman -- Originally established in 1878, it was first called Camp Coeur d'Alene, then Fort Coeur d'Alene. The name was changed to Fort Sherman in 1887. The fort was turned over to the Interior Department in 1901. Of the 52 structures, only a handful remain. It is currently the site of North Idaho College. Textual records of this fort, _PHONE_, including registers, reports, and correspondence, are in the National Archives and are described in Records of United States Army, Continental Commands, _PHONE_, under the section entitled Records of Posts, _PHONE_ (Record Group 393.7).
For brief histories of many of the forts of the Old West, see Darrel Wakley's web site, which includes a chapter on Forts of the Old West, arranged by state.
Indian Wars (1780s-1890s)
Many soldiers served in Idaho and other western states during the Indian Wars. The Family History Library has enlistment registers for soldiers who served in the regular army from 1798 to 1914. These provide the soldier's rank, unit, commanders, physical description, occupation, and birthplace. The records are arranged by year and by the first letter of the surname. FHL film 350307 (first film).
United States, Registers of Enlistments in the U. S. Army, 1798 - 1914 Images of the records of men who enlisted in the United States Army, _PHONE_.
An index of pension applications filed between _PHONE_, for service in the Indian Wars from 1817 to 1898. At various libraries (WorldCat); FHL films 821610-21; book 973 M22whi The pension records are at the National Archives.
Mexican War (_PHONE_)
The Mexican War was caused by the annexation of Texas by the United States in 1845. Most volunteer regiments were from southern states. Records of Mexican War veterans might exist in a state where the veteran later resided.
- Mexican War Index to Pension Files, 1887–1926. (NARA T317). FHL films _PHONE_–13 Alphabetically arranged and includes the veteran's name, rank, and unit; names of dependents; date of filing and application; certificate numbers; act filed under; and state from which application was made. Also available at:
- United States, Mexican War Pension Index, _PHONE_ (FamilySearch) Free digital copy. (Learn more.)
- United States, Mexican War Pension Index, _PHONE_ (FamilySearch) Free digital copy. (Learn more.)
- Robarts, William Hugh. Mexican War Veterans : A Complete Roster of the Regular and Volunteer Troops in the War Between the United States and Mexico, from _PHONE_… Washington, D.C. : Brentano's, 1887. FHL book 973 M2rwh Digital version available at Internet Archive.
Civil War (_PHONE_)Idaho in the Civil War for information about Idaho Civil War records, web sites, etc. with links to articles about the Idaho regiments involved in the Civil War.
The regimental pages often include lists of the companies with links to the counties where the companies started. Men in the companies often lived in the counties where the companies were raised. Knowing a county can help when researching more about the soldiers and their families.
The Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System allows name searching for soldiers. The result set gives the regiments for the soldiers. Then you can check the Wiki regiment pages to determine counties. Often knowing the counties that had men in a regiment will help you determine if a soldier was your ancestor.
Spanish-American War (1898)
The Spanish-American War was largely fought in Cuba and the Philippines. Spanish-American War records might exist in the state from which the soldier served or in a state where the veteran later resided.
- United States, General Index to Pension Files, _PHONE_ (NARA T288). (FamilySearch) Free digital copy. The index covers veterans of the Civil War, Spanish‑American War, Philippine Insurrection, Boxer Rebellion (1900 to 1901), and the regular Army, Navy, and Marine forces. (Learn more.)
- United States, Index to Service Records, War with Spain, 1898 (FamilySearch) Free digital copy. (Learn more.)
Click on the link to learn more about the Spanish American War.
World War I (_PHONE_)
World War I was a global war fought on multiple continents with several nations involved. Over four million men and women served from the United States.
Draft Registration Cards
- United States. Selective Service System. Idaho, World War I Selective Service System Draft Registration Cards, _PHONE_. National Archives Microfilm Publications, M1509. Washington, D.C.: National Archives, _PHONE_. These records are available in microfilm format at the National Archives in Washington, DC, and through many of their regional archives. They are also available at the Family History Library in Salt Lake City. _PHONE_ (first film). Also available at:
- United States, World War One Draft Registration Cards, _PHONE_ (FamilySearch) - free
See WWI Draft Records for more information.
Roster of Soldiers Who Died in World War I
A published roster of soldiers who died in World War I is W.M. Haulsee, et al, Soldiers in the Great War, Three Volumes. (Washington, D.C.: Soldiers Record Publishing Association, 1920) FHL fiche _PHONE_; book 973 M23s Volume 1 includes Idaho


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list1 = [1, 2, 33, 51]
I need to check is 4 the last index of the list. just like list1.lastIndex() #=> 3 how can I do it in python?
share|improve this question
You want the last element (list1[-1]) or the length of the array (len(list1))? – JMax Oct 25 '11 at 13:18
is there any other method except len()? – Sayuj Oct 25 '11 at 13:20
What's wrong with len() that you want to find something else? – Karl Knechtel Oct 25 '11 at 13:24
4 Answers 4
up vote 3 down vote accepted
len(list1)-1 is definitely the way to go, but if you absolutely need a list that has a function that returns the last index, you could create a class that inherits from list.
class MyList(list):
 def last_index(self):
 return len(self)-1
>>> l=MyList([1, 2, 33, 51])
>>> l.last_index()
share|improve this answer
Did you mean len(list1)-1? What's the difference between decremented length and the index of last element?
By the way, to say properly, the index of your last element is 3, not 4. In most programming languages you count from 0, not from 1 (except fortran, matlab, lua or smalltalk for example). The elements indexes are 0, 1, 2, 3. Believe me, get used to this one. You will see why by trying to operate on list1[4]
If you're searchin for other method, you can try list1.index(list1[-1]), but I don't recommend this one. You will have to be sure, that the list contains NO duplicates.
share|improve this answer
One certainly does not count from zero in all programming. – Michael J. Barber Oct 25 '11 at 13:22
To be honest, I didn't know this. You mean some specific languages or some situations? Can you give any example? – Gandi Oct 25 '11 at 13:25
len(list1)!= index of the element. That would be len(list1) - 1 – Wipqozn Oct 25 '11 at 13:31
_USER_ LUA uses ordinals rather than offsets so it starts from one. – agf Oct 25 '11 at 13:32
There are numerous languages that use one-based indexing, e.g., fortran, matlab, lua, smalltalk. There's also the possibility of having the index range defined when the array is declared, as was done in pascal. Zero-based indexing is the most common, IME. – Michael J. Barber Oct 25 '11 at 13:39
I guess you want
last_index = len(your_list) - 1
because the last index in your list would be 3, not 4.
share|improve this answer
You can use the list length. The last index will be the length of the list minus one.
len(list1)-1 == 4
share|improve this answer
len(list1) - 1 == 3, not 4, for the OPs example – Wipqozn Oct 25 '11 at 13:34
Your Answer


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As part of the Zoo's plan to continually improve their animal habitats and enhance the visitor experience, this revitalisation project will provide people with the opportunity to learn more about our wildlife, the threats Australian species face and be inspired to conserve the environment.
The Taronga Wildlife Retreat will provide a new overnight conservation experience for visitors which will wrap around a native wildlife sanctuary and nestle within the new Australia Habitat.
Key features of the Wildlife Retreat include:
- 62 rooms across 5 accommodation buildings (pods) nestled into the landscape, ranging between two and four storeys in height and connected by elevated walkways;
- A standalone guest lodge with an external deck overlooking the wildlife sanctuary; and
- A new kitchen and dining room adjacent to the existing Taronga Function Centre.
Key features of the new Native Australian Wildlife exhibit include:
- Kangaroo and Platypus exhibits and a walk through aviary;
- A walk through 'sanctuary exhibit' containing native Australian wildlife; and
- A new exhibit pedestrian pathway and public viewing platform.
Additional Information: _URL_
Taronga Conservation Society Australia

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Fill a Balloon Using Warm Air is a simple science experiment that demonstrates one of the major properties of air. We know that hot air expands. In this experiment we are just doing the same thing.
This experiment uses hot water (or heating of water). Please execute this experiment only under the supervision of an adult.
Try it yourself
Step 1: Pour water into the sauce pan and heat it.
Step 2: Put the balloon on the mouth of the bottle.
Step 3: Take the saucepan away from the heater.
Step 4: Keep the bottle, with the balloon attached to its mouth, inside the hot water.
You will see that the balloon inflates all by itself.
Logic of 'Fill a Balloon Using Warm Air': Just nothing more than the hot air expands. As the hot expands, it escapes from the bottle and fills the balloon. Learn about the properties of air here.
A similar experiment that demonstrates the expansion of hot air is egg in a bottle. Read that experiment here.


text: Self advocacy refers to people who speak up for themselves and their peers. It is about having the right to make life decisions without undue influence or control by others. People with disabilities are often rendered powerless. Those with intellectual disabilities are more likely to live in institutions or group homes where they have little control over the rhythm of their lives, are likely to feel lonely, be unemployed or underemployed, and have fewer opportunities to be married or have children. Self advocacy for people with psychiatric or medical disabilities is referred to as self-empowerment or patient empowerment and encourages people to take an active role in their own care and support, whether that is recovery oriented or making decisions at the end of one's life to choose palliative hospice care rather than continue efforts to cure. HSRI – over the more than 3 decades since its inception – has worked directly with people with disabilities to support their organizations, to provide information (through such vehicles as The Riot), to include them in the design of participant research, and to provide guides for their inclusion in policy making bodies.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Mixing methods : creative collaboration in mobile moviemaking
View fulltext online
Citation:Wagner, Daniel. (2017). Mixing Methods: Creative Collaboration in Mobile Moviemaking. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 3 (2), pp.84-96.
Permanent link to Research Bank record:_URL_
This article is a reflection on creative collaboration and synergy, using a tertiary course in mobile moviemaking to explore ways in which collaborative projects involving people from different creative disciplines can generate creative outcomes that surpass – in both innovative value and aesthetic depth – creative outcomes that might be generated by the individual disciplines on their own. The article will reflect on the processes and outcomes of a collaborative class project within this course, with specific reference to the differences in ideation and making methods used by creators in different disciplines and media. By unpacking the differences between their two creative fields, participants from two different disciplines (Film and Contemporary dance) were able to define common ground through which to conduct a creative collaboration. This paper will contextualise their process, and will suggest a method by which future participants in interdisciplinary creative collaborations may reframe their perceptions of their own diverging disciplinary approaches in order to utilise these differences as strong points upon which to build and solidify their mutual efforts.


and NVMe;!Y refers to a medium different from Y
Adaptability to cross-storage media
With the rapid development of new storage media, many users will change the storage medium from a HDD to an SSD or NVMe SSD in order to achieve higher performance of the database in a busy I/O scenario. In contrast, for a database instance with low performance requirements, a HDD can be used to replace an SSD or NVMe SSD to reduce costs for users. To verify the adaptability of CDBTune when the storage medium changes, we use database instances CDB-D(HDD), CDB-S-A(SSD) and CDB-N-B(NVMe) in this experiment. Note that there is only a different storage medium between them (same memory size and disk capacity). We first directly utilize the model called M_HDD\(\rightarrow \){SSD, NVMe} trained on CDB_D to recommend configurations for CDB-S-A or CDB-N-B (cross testing), then use the model called M_HDD\(\rightarrow \)HDD trained on CDB_D to recommend configurations for CDB_D (normal testing), and also finally compare the performance after executing these two configurations. Similar, for different storage media, we use the same method to complete cross testing and normal testing on SSD and NVMe. As shown in Fig. 23, \({\texttt {CDBTune}}^{+}\) not only achieves the best performance compared with the other candidates but also makes the cross-testing model almost achieves the same performance as normal-testing model. This demonstrates that when the user changes the storage medium from a HDD to an SSD or NVMe SSD, \({\texttt {CDBTune}}^{+}\) will quickly adapt to a new storage medium in the online tuning step. For example, when we changed the storage medium from a HDD to an SSD, we found that \({\texttt {CDBTune}}^{+}\) increases the innodb_log_file_size. As the number of erase times of the SSD is limited, if a log file is repeatedly erased and written to the same location, than this will result in a large number of I/O delays which may deteriorate database performance. Increasing the value of innodb_log_file_size recommended by \({\texttt {CDBTune}}^{+}\) can effectively mitigate this situation.
Fig. 24
Performance comparison for the TPC-C workload in light of complex setup changes. Note that Z is selected from CDB-A (A), CDB-S-A (S_A) and CDB-N-A (N_A), and!Z refers to a database instance different from Z
Adaptability to complex setup changes
Users may not only change one of the factors at a time (memory size, disk capacity and workload), but may change multiple factors at the same time, inducing more complicated environmental changes. Therefore, in this section, we will discuss the adaptability of \({\texttt {CDBTune}}^{+}\) in this situation. We adopt three different database instances CDB-A (8 GB, 100 GB, HDD), CDB-S-A (16 GB, 200 GB, SSD) and CDB-N-A (32 GB, 300 GB, NVMe SSD) to conduct our experiments. Note that there are different memory sizes, disk capacities, and storage media between these three database instances. We conducted the normal testing and cross testing experiments and recorded the throughput and latency analogous to the previous experiments. Moreover, to experience more complex environmental changes, we trained our model on the JOB workload in the normal testing to recommend configurations for the TPC-C workload in cross testing. The experimental results are shown in the Fig. 24. For these complex environmental changes, the performance of \({\texttt {CDBTune}}^{+}\) in cross testing exhibits a very small decrease compared to the previous three experiments (where only one environmental factor is changed at a time). We attribute this to the fact that \({\texttt {CDBTune}}^{+}\) needs a trade off when many environmental factors are changed at the same time.We note that \({\texttt {CDBTune}}^{+}\) still achieves the best performance compared to the other candidates.
Summary. The results of the above five presented experiments show that (even with limited training data) our model exhibits strong adaptability to changes in the hardware environment or workload. In comparison, OtterTune relies highly on training datasets, and uses a simple regression approach for recommendation. Thus the performance of the recommended configuration is limited, and OtterTune and BestConfig do not explore the high-dimensional configuration space when the current workload or hardware configuration differs from training condition. Especially in a cloud environment, where we can expect frequent environment changes, the lack of relevant data in the training dataset will result in poor recommendations from OtterTune. Instead, RL enables \({\texttt {CDBTune}}^{+}\) simulate human brain, learn towards an optimizing direction, and recommend reasonable knob settings corresponding to the current workload and hardware environment. Thus, \({\texttt {CDBTune}}^{+}\) exhibits a high adaptability in cloud environments. In addition, our end-to-ed model is more accurate than the pipelined method (OtterTune) or the heuristic search method (BestConfig), as RL applies an exploration & exploitation strategy, and thereby reduces the possibility of falling into a local optimum. This characteristic results in achieving higher tuning performance but neglects its explainability (similar to the AlphaGo). This is always a tradeoff in many recent ML models. Note that we consider methods to explain the recommendations of our tuning model as an important direction for future work.
Related work
Database tuning DBMS tuning has been an interesting and active area of research in the last two decades [1, 5, 6, 10, 11, 19, 25, 42, 55, 60, 61, 68, 69]. Existing work can be classified into two broad categories: tuning the physical design and tuning the configuration parameters.
Table 9 63 metrics include two types: state value and cumulative value
Table 10 64 commonly used knobs (16 most impactful knobs and other extended ones)
(1) Physical Design Tuning. Major database vendors offer tools for automating database physical design [5, 9, 63, 69], and they focused on index optimizations, materialized views and partitions [1,2,3, 7, 26, 32, 41]. Database cracking is a technique to create indexes adaptively and incrementally as a side-product of query processing [22]. Several studies have proposed different cracking techniques for different aspects including tuple reconstruction [23], updates [19], and convergence [24]. Schuhknecht et al. conducted an experimental study on database cracking to identify the potential, and proposed promising directions in database cracking [44]. Richter et al. presented a novel indexing approach for HDFS and Hadoop MapReduce to create different clustered indexes over terabytes of data with minimal costs [42]. Idreos et al. presented the Data Calculator to enable interactive and semi-automated design of data structures and performance by capturing the first principles of data layout design and using learned cost models, respectively [25]. Sudipto et al. [12] presented the design, implementation, experience, and lessons learned from building the first industrial-strength auto-indexing service for Microsoft Azure SQL Database.
(2) Database configuration tuning Parameter configuration tuning selects appropriate values of parameters (knobs) that can improve a DBMS's performance. Most work in automated database tuning has either focused on specific parameter tuning (e.g., [46]) or holistic parameter tuning (e.g., [13]).
(i) Specific parameter tuning Techniques for tuning specific classes of parameters include memory management and identifying performance bottlenecks [22, 24, 44]. IBM DB2 released a self-tuning memory manager that uses heuristics to allocate memory to the DBMS's internal components [46, 52]. Tran et al. used linear and quadratic regression models for buffer tuning [53]. A resource monitoring tool has been used with Microsoft's SQL Server for the self-predicting DBMS [38]. Oracle also developed an internal monitoring system to identify bottlenecks due to misconfigurations [14, 29]. The DBSherlock tool helps a DBA diagnose problems by comparing slow regions with normal regions based on the DBMS's time-series performance data [64].
(ii) Holistic parameter tuning There are several works for the holistic tuning of configuration parameters in modern database systems. The COMFORT tool uses a technique from control theory that can adjust a single knob up or down at a time, but cannot discover the dependencies between multiple knobs [59]. IBM DB2 released a performance Wizard tool for automatically selecting the initial values for the configuration parameters [30]. BerkeleyDB uses influence diagrams to model probabilistic dependencies between configuration knobs, to infer expected outcomes of a particular DBMS configuration [47]. However, these diagrams must be created manually by a domain expert. The SARD tool generates a relative ranking of a DBMS's knobs using the Plackett-Burman design [13]. iTuned is a generic tool that continuously makes minor changes to the DBMS configuration, employing GP regression for automatic configuration tuning [15].
Table 11 Detailed configurations recommended by OtterTune for the same workloads in Table 12, while knobs are not identical
Our system is designed for holistic knob tuning. OtterTune [55] is most close to our work. It


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Focus was invented by Sid Sackson.
Focus is played on a square board with some of the corners removed. Here is the board with the pieces in the initial position. Players move, and must move, in turn. White moves first.
In Focus stacks of men emerge in any combination of colors. A stack is owned by the player who's color is on top.
- On his turn a player moves a man or a stack of men horizontally or vertically, based on the number of pieces to be moved (e.g. one piece moves 1 square and a three-piece stack moves 3 squares). Stacks may be split in this process: a player may choose for instance to move only the top man (1 square) or the top two men (2 squares) of a higher stack.
- When a stack grows over five pieces tall, the remaining men are removed from the bottom of the stack. Men of a player's own color become'reserves' to be re-entered into the game at a later time, while pieces of the opponent's color are captured.
- Instead of moving a piece, a player may choose to enter one of his reserves on any square of the board, whether vacant, or occupied by a piece of either color.
A player wins when his opponent cannot move a piece, nor enter a reserve on the board.
Note: Focus gave rise to Crossfire.
Focus © Hasbro
Java applet ©


text:
projective geometry, branch of geometry concerned with those properties of geometric figures that remain invariant under projection. The basic elements are points, lines, and planes, and the following statements are usually taken as assumptions: (1) two points lie in a unique line; (2) three points not on the same line determine a plane; (3) two lines in a plane intersect in a point; (4) two planes intersect in a line; (5) three planes not containing the same line intersect in a point. The basic elements retain their character under projection; e.g., the projection of a line is another line, and the point of intersection of two lines is projected into another point that is the intersection of the projections of the two original lines. However, lengths and ratios of lengths are not invariant under projection, nor are angles or the shapes of figures. The concept of parallelism does not appear at all in projective geometry; any pair of distinct lines intersects in a point, and if these lines are parallel in the sense of Euclidean geometry, then their point of intersection is at infinity. The plane that includes the ideal line, or line at infinity, consisting of all such ideal points, is called the projective plane. Two properties that are invariant under projection are the order of three or more points on a line and the harmonic relationship, or cross ratio, among four points, A, B, C, D, i.e., AC / BC : AD / BD. One important concept in projective geometry is that of duality. In the plane, the terms point and line are dual and can be interchanged in any valid statement to yield another valid statement, e.g., statements (1) and (3) above; in space, the terms plane, line, and point are interchanged with point, line, and plane, respectively, to yield dual statements (sometimes with slight changes in wording) as in statements (2) and (5) and statements (1) and (4) above. The origins of projective geometry are found in the work of Pappus, Gérard Desargues, and others. It first emerged as a discipline in its own right with the work of J. V. Poncelet (1822) and was placed on an axiomatic basis by K. G. C. von Staudt (1847), both these mathematicians adopting the pure, or synthetic, approach, in which algebraic and analytic methods are avoided and the treatment is purely geometric, in contrast to the approach of A. F. Möbius, Julius Plücker, and others. Projective geometry is more general than the familiar Euclidean geometry and includes the metric geometries (both Euclidean and non-Euclidean) as special cases.
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
More on projective geometry from Infoplease:
See more Encyclopedia articles on: Mathematics


text:
Low Complexity Adaptive Signal Processing Techniques
Project Award Date: 0000-00-00
This work has focused on the development of new adaptive signal processing algorithms which are suitable for VLSI implementation. The object of this work is to develop and verify the performance of novel adaptive DSP algorithms which may be implemented efficiently using integrated circuit technology. Adaptive methods provide the capability to optimize the processing techniques to changing environments, which is necessary in many practical instances. The algorithms studied in this project adapt more quickly, provide better asymptotic optimization errors, and are simpler to implement than current methods. Traditional adaptive algorithms make use of circuits which require large amounts of area on a silicon wafer, which in turn leads to lower production yields and higher costs. By synergistically combining algorithm design with integrated circuit implementation techniques, the conflicting goals of high performance and cost effective implementation can be achieved.


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Query Optimizer for MariaDB Xpand
How the Xpand Query Optimizer is Different
At the core of Xpand Query Optimizer is the ability to execute one query with maximum parallelism and many simultaneous queries with maximum concurrency. This is achieved via a distributed query planner and compiler and a distributed shared-nothing execution engine.
What is a Query Optimizer?
SQL is a declarative language, i.e. a language that describes what is to be computed but not how. The job of the query optimizer is to determine how to do this computation, which ends up being critical to the performance of the entire system. For example, you might say in SQL that you want to join 3 tables and compute an aggregate operation. This leaves the following questions for the Query Optimizer:
In what order should the tables be joined? This can be the difference between your query executing in 1ms or 10 minutes. Imagine if a predicate on one of the tables causes it to return no rows – starting the read from that table is likely optimal and fast.
Which indexes should be used? Not using a proper index on a join constraint could be catastrophic, causing broadcast messages and full reads of the second table for each row of the first.
Should we provide a non-blocking sort/aggregate? Should we do the sort/aggregate in stages, i.e. first on separate nodes and then re-aggregate/re-sort later?
The set of query plans that these permutations create is known as the Search Space. The job of the Query Optimizer is to explore the Search Space and determine which plan uses the least amount of database resources. Typically, this is done by assigning costs to each plan, then choosing the cheapest one.
The Xpand Query Optimizer is also known as Sierra.
sql> -- Query sql> SELECT Bar.a, Sum(Bar.b) FROM Foo, Bar WHERE Foo.pk = Bar.pk GROUP BY Bar.a; sql> -- Foo schema sql> CREATE TABLE 'Foo' ( 'pk' INT(11) NOT NULL auto_increment, 'a' INT(11), 'b' INT(11), 'c' INT(11), PRIMARY KEY ('pk') /*$ DISTRIBUTE=1 */, KEY 'idx_ab' ('a', 'b') /*$ DISTRIBUTE=2 */ ) auto_increment=50002; sql> -- Bar schema sql> CREATE TABLE 'Bar' ( 'pk' INT(11) NOT NULL auto_increment, 'a' INT(11), 'b' INT(11), 'c' INT(11), PRIMARY KEY ('pk') /*$ DISTRIBUTE=1 */, KEY 'idx_ab' ('a', 'b') /*$ DISTRIBUTE=2 */ ) auto_increment=25001;
SQL Representation – What
Sierra Output – How
(display ((2. "a") (0. "expr0")) (aggregate ((2. "a") ("expr0" sum (2. "b"))) (filter (inner_join (table_scan (1 : Foo ("pk" "a" "b" "c"))) (table_scan (2 : Bar ("pk" "a" "b" "c"))) (func eq (ref (1. "pk")) (ref (2. "pk"))))))
(display ((2. "a") (0. "expr0")) (stream_aggregate ((2. "a") ("expr0" sum (2. "b"))) (msjoin (stream_merge (index_scan (2 : Bar.idx_ab ("b" "pk" "a"))) (index_scan (1 : Foo.idx_PRIMARY ("pk")) range equal (ref (2. "pk"))))))
First, some explanations for these plans. We'll go from most indented to least indented. These descriptions should be read top to bottom for equally indented statements.
This SQL statement is performing the following:
Fooand join to
Evaluate the join constraint.
Compute the aggregate.
Display the output to the user.
The Query Optimizer is doing the following:
Bar, preserving the sort order via stream_
Evaluate the join constraint while reading
Fooand still preserving sort order via msjoin this time.
Compute the aggregate in a non-blocking way with stream_
aggregate. This can be done because we preserved order.
How did the Query Optimizer find this plan? How did it make sure it even worked? Lets find out:
The Xpand Query Optimizer
Sierra is modeled off of the Cascades Query optimization framework, which was chosen primarily because it provides the following:
Extensible via a rule based mechanism
General separation of logical vs. physical operators and properties
Modern query optimizers are often split into two parts, the Model and Search Engine.
The Model lists the equivalence transformations (rules), which are used by the search engine to expand the search space.
The Search Engine defines the interfaces between the search engine and the model, and provides the code to expand the search space and to search for the optimal plan. This is implemented by the stack of tasks waiting to be computed. More on this below.
Improvements in Xpand 6.1
Xpand 6.1's query optimizer includes improvements to planning and compilation time for the following types of queries:
Joins with 20 or more tables
IN(..)lists with hundreds of entries
Improvements to query execution times (due to better plan choices) for complex joins to aggregates, unions and expressions
Improvements to query execution times due to improvements to aggregate costing
Reduction in frequency of replanning/recompilation of cached plans
Enhancements to the query optimization cost model that result in better query plan choices
Streaming aggregation operations are enabled by default
Xpand 6.1 also adds support for the following:
Logical vs. Physical Model
In the Query Optimizer, the Logical model describes what is to be computed, and the Physical model describes how it is to be computed. In diagram 1 above, the SQL representation shows logically what to do and the Sierra output shows physically how to do it.
Operators and Expressions
An expression consists of: an Operator (required), Arguments (possibly none), and Inputs (possibly none). Arguments describe particular characteristics of the operator. There are both logical and physical operators and every logical operator maps to 1 or more physical operators. In the example the logical operator:
(table_scan (1 : Foo ("pk" "a" "b" "c")))
maps to the physical expression:
(index_scan (1 : Foo ("pk") (range equal (ref (2. "pk")))
These operators have arguments which describe their Namespace, Object Id, and Columns. Here, the table_
Physical properties are related to intermediate results, or sub-plans. They describe things like how the data is ordered and how the data is partitioned. It is important to note that expressions (either logical or physical) and groups (see below) do not have physical properties. However, every physical expression has two descriptions related to physical properties:
What Physical properties can and can't I provide to my parent?
What Physical properties do I require of my input?
Here are some considerations Sierra takes while optimizing our query:
Physical Property Flow
The invalid plan fails because the stream_
Groups correspond to intermediate tables, or equivalently subplans of the query. Groups are logical and contain the following:
All the logically equivalent expressions that describe that intermediate table.
All the physical implementations of those logical expressions.
Winners: A physical expression that had the best cost given a set of physical properties.
Logical properties: Which columns it is required to produce as well as statistics about some of those columns.
Groups are the fundamental data structure in Sierra. The inputs to operators are always groups (indicated by group #'s), and every expression corresponds to some group.
The Group for "Read Table Bar"
In the process of optimization, Sierra will keep track the intermediate tables that could be used in computing the final result table. Each of these corresponds to a group, and the set of all groups for a plan defines the memo. In Sierra, the memo is designed to represent all logical query trees and physical plans in the search space for a given initial query. The memo is a set of groups, with one group designated as the final (or top) group. This is the group which corresponds to the table of results from the evaluation of the initial query. Sierra has no explicit representation of all possible query trees, in part because there are simply too many. Instead, this memo represents a compact version of all possible query trees.
Rules (The Model)
The model's rule set can be thought of as defining the logical and physical search space of the optimizer. The memo is expanded to encompass the full logical and physical search space through the application of rules. The application of rules is a multi-step process of finding a binding in the memo, evaluating a rule condition (if the rule has one) and (if the condition is satisfied) firing the rule, which puts new expressions in the memo. When the optimizer is done applying rules, the memo structure will have been expanded to where it conceptually represents the entire search space. Here is an example of the swap_
Swap Join Order Rule
(display ((1. "pk") (2. "pk") (inner_join (index_scan (1:Foo ("pk"))) (index_scan (2:Bar ("pk")) (range_equal ref (1. "pk"))))
(display ((1. "pk") (2. "pk") (inner_join (index_scan (2:Bar ("pk")) (index_scan (1:Foo ("pk"))) (range_equal ref (2. "pk"))))
Tasks (The Search Engine)
Sierra's search engine is a series of tasks that are waiting to be computed. At any point in time during optimization, there are tasks waiting on a stack to be


text:
Discovered: A camera that can see around corners, why we don't eat smelly foods, the super-Earth is not so super, noise pollution is also bad for plants and abnormal brain development might determine personality.
- This camera takes pictures of things it never saw. Remember that camera that could capture the speed of light we learned all about last December? The brains at the MIT media lab intended on using that technology for a camera that can see around corners. And, they have accomplished just that, creating a contraption that captures images of things around corners. It works like a periscope but instead of using reflective surfaces it uses walls, doors and floors -- things that do not reflect light. That sounds like straight-up magic to us. But, this video claims it's just science being science. [MIT Media Lab]
- Why we don't eat smelly foods. We didn't realize that not eating smelly foods was a thing, because we quite like smelly foods. But science says it's a thing and has also discovered the reason behind the aversion. Our brains and taste-buds tell us to take smaller bites of things with strong aromas because the smaller bites make us taste the food less than bigger ones. "Perhaps, in keeping with the idea that smaller bites are associated with lower flavour sensations from the food and that, there is an unconscious feedback loop using bite size to regulate the amount of flavour experienced," explains researcher Rene A de Wijk. All of this, one day, could be used as some sort of dieting scheme. [BioMed Central Limited]
- The Super Earth is not so super. That new "possibly habitable" Super-Earth science got all excited about isn't all that after all. (Go, original Earth!) It can maybe still support life, because liquid water could possible exist there -- it's all very dubious. One thing is for sure, though. The planet could never transfer life to another one of its solar-system neighbors. "Planet d would have a very small chance of transferring material to the other planets in the Gliese system and, thus, is far more isolated, biologically, than the inner planets of our own solar system," explained researcher Laci Brock. "It really shows us how unique our solar system is." So, should we start calling it not-so-Super-Earth now? [Lunar and Planetary Science]
- Noise pollution is also bad for plants. It makes sense that human noises would scare and probably harm animals, but plants? Science says yes. The animals react to the noise, and thus have different pollination and eating habits. The whole thing has an unintended consequences domino effect thing going on because once the plants change then the whole eco-system changes, attracting different types of animals. [National Evolutionary Synthesis Center]
- If you have this type of personality you might have a brain defect. Are you both gregarious and anxious? (Yes... ) Well it might have something to do with abnormal brain development, which cause a disease called Williams Syndrome, finds research out of NIH. "Scans of the brain's tissue composition, wiring, and activity produced converging evidence of genetically-caused abnormalities in the structure and function of the front part of the insula and in its connectivity to other brain areas in the circuit," explains researcher Karen Berman. [Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences]


Review of John Q – Essay Sample
Home Essay Examples Movies Review of John Q – Essay...
John Q is an emotionally-packed movie that surrounds the unfortunate medical circumstances of John, played by Denzel Washington, and his son. The purpose of the film was to raise the many issues surrounding poor health care in the United States, and even less empathy from hospital administration and insurance companies. After John's son collapses at a baseball game, the doctors diagnose him as having a heart that is too large for his body and declare that he must receive an immediate transplant to survive. Quickly, the hospital administration informs John that his insurance plan does not cover such an operation and an immediate payment of $100,000 must be made just to get his son's name on the donor list. There are multiple issues surrounding the problems of John and his family, and through the use of cinematic techniques the director, Nick Cassavetes, brings these issues to life and sparks a national discussion on health care.
The movie contains multiple scenes of close-up camera shots, highly emotional scenes and the use of poignant music to emphasize the heightened emotions of the situation. In many scenes where John is speaking with his sick son, the camera is zoomed in to show the particular facial expressions of the characters. As the actors and actresses begin to shed emotional tears of fear and joy, the audience is able to experience the heightened emotional pull on the importance of the scene. The quality actors are able to act in a way that makes the audience believe in the magnitude of the situation. Washington convinces viewers as he immerses himself in the role and communicates an exceptional believability through communicating with the doctors, administrators and even his own wife. Finally, the director utilizes the power of music to express the heightened emotions surrounding the situation. For instance, in the first scene classical music is playing in the car of a woman as she performs dangerous turns in her car while driving. Quickly, the audience is able to understand that the woman's death has a higher purpose in the overall story and her imminent death is preceded by the poignant, emotional music.
The overall goal of the movie is to communicate the importance of health care reform and the problems surrounding the current health care system with employer-sponsored health insurance. Within the first half hour of the movie, the villain becomes clear: "it's all the fault of a healthcare system that caters to the rich and well-insured middle classes while denying quality care — or even life itself — to the uninsured and to poor people" (Lockard). This villain becomes magnified through the events of the plot; whereby, the employer has changed John's insurance plan without notification and the hospital administrators and doctors are unsympathetic towards the pleas of the family. Through the use of and excellently written screenplay, John Q is able to explain the goal of the movie. The audience is educated from the hospital administrator, played by Anne Heche, "that over forty million Americans do not have health insurance, and many more have inadequate insurance" that increases morbidity and mortality rates through insufficient health care (Lockard). Part of the goal of this movie has been to begin a strong nationwide discussion for changes in the health care system, including the potential of moving towards a universal health care system.
Many individuals place blame on the entire health care system in the United States as being flawed and based solely around putting more money in the pockets of doctors and medical or insurance companies, rather than providing quality health care. Some individuals even claim that if the United States had universal health care, such as the system found in the northern neighbors in Canada, John Q and millions of other individuals would not experience nearly the headaches and heartaches. Unfortunately, universal health are poses its own problems for John Q, as explained by John Vincent from the Objectivist Center. First of all, the Canadian government has total control over paying for the health care system and makes all decisions on the wait lists and treatments that can be provided to all people. In other words, similar care would have been provided to John Q and his son in Canada, and would have likely reached the same diagnosis. However, the government becomes responsible for placing his son on the donor list and the government also decides if and when the patient will receive the surgery (Vincent). Therefore, the financial problems for John Q and the insurance struggles would no longer be the concern, instead the Canadian government would become the villain and John Q's son may never receive his transplant, even with John Q's decision to take hostages – it is out of the control of hospital administrators and doctors.
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text:
Aircraft designers are always on the lookout for tough but lightweight materials. Chris Broomell of the University of California, Santa Barbara may have found a new candidate—on the head of a worm.
The ragworm, sometimes called the sandworm (but not to be confused with the hideous but fictional creatures from Dune), boasts two ultra-tough pincers that it uses to burrow into ocean sediment. At 90 percent protein, you'd expect the worm's mouth-parts to be tough, Broomell told New Scientist, but they have an additional secret—they're fortified with zinc. The metal bonds those proteins together, and the result is three times stronger than the polymers humans can currently create.
Broomell hopes that engineers in the future could copy nature's technique of changing a material's durability by adding metal. But, he says, his research is in the early stages, so don't expect NASA to send up a spacecraft built with worm-inspired materials in the near future.
It's not out of the question that an organic material like the sandworm pincer could heal itself, Broomell says. If aircraft designers could co-opt that quality, it would put a whole new spin on self-repairing planes.


The INI has a new website!
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Finite order meromorphic solutions and the discrete Painleve equations
Korhonen, R (Joensuu)
Tuesday 19 September 2006, 12:00-12:30
Seminar Room 1, Newton Institute
Let w(z) be an admissible finite-order meromorphic solution of the second-order difference equation w(z+1)+w(z-1)=R(z,w(z)) where R(z,w(z)) is rational in w(z) with coefficients that are meromorphic in z. Then either w(z) satisfies a difference linear or Riccati equation or else the above equation can be transformed to one of a list of canonical difference equations. This list consists of all known difference Painlevé equations of the form w(z+1)+w(z-1)=R(z,w(z)), together with their autonomous versions. This suggests that the existence of finite-order meromorphic solutions is a good detector of integrable difference equations.
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10/29/2009 3:05 PM
It appears that Google has joined the list of Open ID providers who don't accept Open ID as well. Only they went one step further — in the wrong direction — by forking Open ID and implementing it in a way that isn't compatible with any other Open ID providers. Are you kidding me?
I think this Slashdot comment summarizes it quite well:
OpenID's vision statement:
Everyone else's vision statement:
Fuck OpenID, I'm in control now.
Test driven development proponents often tend to push code coverage as a useful metric for gauging how well tested an application is. 100% code coverage has long been the ultimate goal of testing fanatics. But is code coverage really all that useful? If I told you that my application has 100% code coverage, should that mean anything to you?
What does code coverage tell us?
Code coverage tells us which lines in our application are executed by our unit tests. For example, the code below has 50% code coverage if the unit tests only call Foo with condition = true:
string Foo(bool condition)
 if (condition)
 return "true";
 return "false";
What does code coverage not tell us?
Code coverage does not tell us what code is working and what code is not. Again, code coverage only tells us what was executed by our unit tests, not what executed correctly. This is an important distinction to make. Just because a line of code is executed by a unit test, does not necessarily mean that that line of code is working as intended.
For example, the following code could have 100% code coverage and pass all unit tests if it is never called with b = 0. However, once this code is introduced into the wild it could very well crash with a div by zero exception:
double Foo(double a, double b)
 return a / b;
So what is code coverage good for then?
To borrow an analogy from Scott Hanselman's interview with Quetzal Bradley, imagine you are a civil engineer responsible for testing a newly constructed series of roads. To test the roads, your first thought might be to drive over them in your car, making sure that there are no potholes, missing bridges, etc. After driving over all of the roads a few times, you might conclude that they have been tested and are ready for public use. But once you open the roads to the public, you discover that the bridge overhangs are too low for big rigs, the turns are too sharp for sports cars, and that certain areas of the roads flood when it rains.
In the above scenario, you had the equivalent of 100% code coverage since you had driven over all the roads, but you only superficially tested their behavior. Specifically, you didn't test the roads in different vehicles and under different weather conditions. So although you went through each possible execution path, you failed to accomodate for different states while doing so.
In light of this, the only solid conclusion you can draw from code coverage seems to be what lines of your code have definitely not been tested. The lines that have been tested are still up for grabs it seems unless you are willing to go through each and every possible state the application can be in when executing them. This makes code coverage far less useful as a metric as it only tells you what still needs testing but offers you no help in determining when you are done testing.
What *is* a good metric then?
Unfortunately, there doesn't seem to be a good metric for determining whether a line of code has been thoroughly tested or when a developer is done testing. Perhaps this is a good thing as it keeps us from falling into a false sense of complacency. It simply isn't feasible in even a moderately complex application to test each and every line of code under every possible circumstance. The best case scenario seems to be to test the most common scenarios and reasonable edge cases, then add additional tests as functionality inevitably breaks on those scenarios that you didn't account for. It's an admitedly clumsy system, but it's a realistic one compared to depending on 100% code coverage to weed out all possible bugs. That's not to say that there isn't use in achieving 100% code coverage. Executing the code in one particular state still has value, just not as much as developers seem to give it.
As always, I'm very interested to hear your thoughts and observations on this. Please leave them in the comments below.
Proverbs are used to express universal truths or life lessons in a short and memorable fashion. I find that they are a great way to keep things in perspective, both in life and in work. Because of this, I have assembled 10 programming proverbs that every developer needs in their arsenal.
1. There is no smoke without fire
Relax. It's probably just another fire drill
Poorly designed code tends to manifest itself through some common tell-tale signs. Some examples of these are:
 - Giant classes and/or functions
 - Large blocks of commented out code
 - Duplicated logic
 - Deeply nested if/else blocks
Developers often refer to these as code smells, but personally, I think the term "code smoke" or "code fumes" is more appropriate as it implies a higher sense of urgency. If you don't address the underlying problem it will come back to burn you later on.
2. An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure
Ok, I'm convinced
Toyota's assembly line of the 1980s was famously efficient due to its revolutionary approach towards defect prevention. Each member of the assembly line was given the ability to halt production when they noticed a problem in their sector. The idea was that it was better to halt production and fix the problem as early on as possible than to continue producing faulty units that would be tougher and more costly to fix/replace/recall later on.
Developers often make the faulty assumption that productivity = cranking out code quickly. Many programmers dive straight into coding without a second thought towards design. Unfortunately, this Leeroy Jenkins approach towards software development tends to lead to sloppy, fragile code that will need to be constantly monitored and patched — perhaps even replaced altogether down the line. Ultimately, productivity must be measured not only in how much time is spent writing it, but also by how much time is spent debugging it. A short term gain may prove to be a long term loss if one isn't careful.
3. Don't put all your eggs in one basket
A software team's bus factor is defined as "the total number of key developers who would if incapacitated, as by getting hit by a bus, send the project into such disarray that it would not be able to proceed".
In other words, what happens if you suddenly lost a key member of your team? Would business continue as usual or would it grind to a halt?
Unfortunately, most software teams fall into the latter category. These are the teams that turn their programmers into "domain experts" who only deal with requests that fall into their area of expertise.. At first, this appears to be a fairly reasonable approach. It works for the automaking assembly lines, why not for software development teams? After all, it's unreasonable to expect each member of the team to be intimately familiar with each and every nuance in the application, right?
The problem is that developers cannot be easily substituted and replaced. And while the pidgeon-hole approach works fairly well when everybody is available and accounted for, it quickly falls apart when "domain experts" suddenly become unavailable due to turnover, sickness, or even freak bus accidents. It is imperative that software teams have some sort of redundancy built in. Code reviews, pair programming, and communal code go a long way to foster an environment where each developer is at least superficially familiar with parts of the system outside their comfort zone.
4. As you sow, so shall you reap
The Pragmatic Programmer has this to say about the Broken Window theory:
Don't leave "broken windows" (bad designs, wrong decisions, or poor code) unrepaired. Fix each one as soon as it is discovered. If there is insufficient time to fix it properly, then board it up. Perhaps you can comment out the offending code, or display a "Not Implemented" message, or substitute dummy data instead. Take some action to prevent further damage and to show that you're on top of the situation.
We've seen clean, functional systems deteriorate pretty quickly once windows start breaking. There are other factors that can contribute to software rot, and we'll touch on some of them elsewhere, but neglect accelerates the rot faster than any other factor.
In short, good code begets good code and bad code begets bad code. Do not underestimate the power of inertia. No one wants to be the one who has to clean up sloppy code, but neither does anyone want to be the one that makes a mess out of beautiful code. Write it right and your code will have a far better chance at standing the test of time.
5. Great haste makes great waste
Managers, clients, and programmers are getting more impatient by the day. Everything needs to be done and it needs to be done now. Because of this, the temptation to throw together hacks and quick-fixes becomes very tough to resist.
No time to properly unit test a new feature? Oh well, it works for the one test run you


text:
Wrap a flexible tape measure completely around your wrist where the bracelet is to be worn. The reading on the tape will indicate your bracelet size. In order to have some movement and flexibility, add about one centimeter (or four tenths of an inch) to that measurement.
Example : 15,5cm (6.1") + 1cm (0.4") = Size S
Size S = 16,5cm / 6.5"
Size M = 17,5cm / 6.8"
Size L = 18,5cm / 7.2" Size XL = 19,5cm / 7.6"


text:
The muscles that are used when passing are quite similar to the ones used when blocking. You use your quadriceps, glutes, hamstrings, and calves, but you also use your forearms to connect with the ball and get a good pass. The biceps also come into play when passing
There are many different type of serves in the game of volleyball. All of the serves use the same muscles are used, some just more than others. They use all of the muscles in your body. From the bicep to the calves. There is the latissimus dorsi muscles, these muscles run down the middle of your back from the shoulder blades to your waist. It is used to stabilize your body. When doing a serve from the ground the leg muscles aren't used as much but when you do a jump server you use your leg muscles to jump higher and then you bicep and tricep to swing faster and have the ball move a lot faster with a whole lot more force.
When setting you use every muscle just like serving. The calf muscles and hamstrings to jump. The latissimus dorsi muscles for balance and posture. The biceps, triceps, and deltoids are all used. The wrists "catch" the ball to keep it in control. The arm muscles help to push the ball up and out, the faster the arms are moved the faster the ball is pushed. The back muscles help for stabilization when on the ground. The leg muscles are used to jump and get to the ball faster, they also help with pushing the ball.
When hitting the muscles that are used even more than before would be the be the biceps and triceps. Again the leg muscles come into use when they do their approach for hitting. They jump as high as they can and then swing their arm as fast as they can to get a fast hit.
There are many possible risks that come with playing volleyball. When playing this game there are many possible injuries that you can get. It can go from tearing your ACL to pulling the tendons in your fingers. There are many knee, ankle, and shoulder injuries within this game and many take some time to recover from. There is also the possibility of bruises and floor burns when playing. Some of the injuries even result to scaring of the skin. There are multiple injuries that can cause you to not be able to play that game anymore.
There are ways to prevent these injuries. Like proper stretching to make the possibility of pulling a muscle smaller.


text:
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In this article, we propose a new approach to generate tools (assistive technology) for supporting education of children with disabilities in the first three levels of school. In the model proposed, we included the students of the last years of engineering careers, the experts of special education, the children with disabilities, and the teachers in charge of courses, such as: Artificial Intelligence, Computer Architecture and Electronics. The new approach presented in the model is the creation of an educational space with two learning possibilities. In the first one, the university students learn about the application of new ideas to help children with disabilities, and how to work in multi-disciplinary teams. In the second one, the work model helps generate social conscience in the communities where the special education centers are placed. The model has been proved in the development of 31 tools for children with visual and hearing disabilities and cerebral palsy. At the present time, 25 tools are used in three centers of special education, while 6 being are analyzed for further modifications.
Date of Conference: 27-29 Dec. 2011


NHibernate Caching: The Secong Level Cache Space Is Shared!
time to read 3 min | 439 words
Let us assume that you have an architecture that demands that you'll have a database per client (quite common, by my experiance), but the application layers are the same. This is usually done for reasons of security and/or scalability. So there is no way a client can get information for another client.
This is fairly simple to handle with NHibernate, you just create a session factory per each client. This is actually an advantage, since you can start playing with the implementations of the classes for each client. (Yes, you are reading me correctly. In this case, it possible to turn NHibernate into an Inversion Of Control container).
The issue turns up when you have caching turned on. Assuming you have an entity of the same type with the same identifier in two of the databases, you may very will mix the data when it is cached. NHibernate maintain a single second level cache per session factory, so you are supposed to be safe from this. The problem is that the cache space is shared (and it has to be shared).
Let us take an example of an Employee object with id of #5, which exist in both IniTech and Fuzbar databases. When the employee instnace is loaded and put in the cache, the cache key that is used looks something like: "NHibernate:Entities.EmployeeManagement.Employee:5@5". Now, when we try to load an employee from the second database, we first lookup in the cache, finding that there is an instance there, because the cache keys matches.
This is happening because the cache space (so to speak) is the same space for all the caching strategies. For SysCache, it is the ASP.Net cache that is used for the cache space. For distributed caching, Memcached is used. In both cases, if the same cache key is generated, the information will be returned even if the key was actually inserted by another session factory.
In this sceanrio, I solved the issue by modifying the SysCacheProvider to be aware of the current database, and insert the current database name to the cache key. This solved all the issues in one stroke.
The JIRA issue for this is here. I was surprised to learn that I was the first to encounter this, and in the comments to the JIRA issue, I found that indeed I wasn't the first. :-)
The issue is solve by specifying cache region prefix in the session factory configuration, but the functionality wasn't ported to NHibernate yet.


Why coding?
Ben Barnes
Ben has a background in fiction, studying writing and cultural studies at UTS, before doing an exchange in Mexico, and completing an honours degree in Mexican literature. Coding through game design began as an excercise in producing visual narratives. having completed multiple TAFE qualifications in these subjects, Ben now works part time as a software developer, and maintains a keen interest in AI, machine learning and natural language processing.


text:
In addition to being extremely strong and stretchy, spider silk
conducts heat better than most materials, including silicon,
aluminium and pure iron, mechanical engineers at Iowa State
University have discovered.
Spider silk has long been the subject of scientific scrutiny,
but mostly for its
impressive strength. Xinwei Wang, lead researcher on the study,
was keen to put speculation that spider silk would be a good
thermal conductor to the test as part of a search for organic
materials that can effectively transfer heat; most materials from
living things are very bad at conducting heat. Wang enlisted the
help of eight golden silk orbweaver spiders. They were given
lodgings in an Iowa State University greenhouse and fed crickets to
fuel their web-spinning.
Wang, along with colleagues Xiaopeng Huang and Guoging Liu,
found that spider silk conducts heat 1,000 times better than woven
silkworm silk and 800 times better than other organic tissues.
Spider silk conducts heat at a rate of 416 watts per metre Kelvin,
compared with copper at 401 and skin at 0.6 watts per metre
Wang said: "This is very surprising because spider silk is
organic material. For organic material, this is the highest ever.
There are only a few materials higher -- silver and
The thermal conductivity of the spider silk also increased by 20
percent when it was stretched to its 20 percent limit. Most
materials lose thermal conductivity when stretched.
These unusual properties are down to the defect-free molecular
structure of spider silk, including proteins that contain
nanocrystals and the spring-shaped structures connecting the
proteins. However, more research is needed to fully understand why
spider silk is so good at conducting heat.
This discovery could open a door to using spider silk to create
flexible, heat-dissipating parts for electronics, better clothes
for hot weather and bandages that don't trap heat.
The research is detailed in a paper in Advanced
New Secrets of Spider Silk: Exceptionally High Thermal Conductivity
and its Abnormal Change under Stretching.
/ Hunter Desportes /


text:
the Cooking Hacks team is happy to announce at last the new development board we have been doing to use with Raspberry!
The idea behind the Raspberry Pi to Arduino shields connection bridge is to allow to use any of the shields, boards and modules designed for Arduino in Raspberry Pi. It includes also the possibility of connecting digital and analog sensors, using the same pinout of Arduino but with the power and capabilities of Raspberry.
In order to make complete the compatibility we have created the arduPi library which allows to use Raspberry with the same code used in Arduino. To do so, we have implemented conversion functions so that you can control in the same way as in Arduino all the I/O interfaces: i2C, SPI, UART, analog, digital, in Raspberry Pi.
Let's summarize what we can do using this shield along with the arduPi library:
- - Connect any Arduino Wireless module in Raspberry. Some examples: XBee 802.15.4/XBee ZigBee, RFID, NFC, Bluetooth, Bluetooth Pro, Wifi, GPRS, 3G
- - Connect any sensor (analog 0-5V, digital) to Raspberry Pi with a precession of 16b using the ADC integrated. Connect also complex sensors through i2C and UART buses
- - Connect any Arduino specific shield such as: Radiation sensor shield, CanBus, Relay shield,...
- - Connect any electronic module or actuator which works over i2C, SPI, UART
All the information can be found in this tutorial: Raspberry Pi to Arduino shields connection bridge
For further information or any question which may arise we will be pleased to help you.
Cooking Hacks Team


Total Number
Therefore, the mean of the scale is 2.5.
This means that any item statement with a mean of 2.50 and above is considered agreed by the respondents and any item statement below 2.5 is considered disagreed.
EDITORS SOURCE: How To Write Chapter Three Of Your Research Project (Research Methodology)
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text: In this work, we present the results of an optical search for Supernova Remnants (SNRs) in the spiral galaxies NGC3184 and NGC2903. The SNR identification technique consisted of constructing continuum-subtracted H-alpha and [SII] lambda lambda 6716,6731 images and then using [SII] / H-alpha ratios obtained from the image. The SNR candidates are normally identified as nebulae that have [SII] / H-alpha ratios > 0.4 compared with HII regions < 0.2. Our list of candidates contains 29 objects in NGC3184 and 10 objects in NGC2903. We compare our SNR candidate list against the existing X-ray and radio observations of the two galaxies. Knowing the positions of the SNRs, we can compare their distributions relative to FIII regions and spiral arms. From these distributions, we can investigate such properties of possible SNR progenitors as their parent stellar populations and supernova types. These observations were performed with the 1.5m Russian-TurkishTelescope (RTT) Spectrograph TFOSC's (TUG Faint Object Spectrograph and Camera) CCD imaging system using narrowband interference filters at Turkish National Observatory (TUG) in March 2006.


MGR
start with MGR is NULL;
One can produce an indented report by using the level number to substring or lpad() a series of spaces, and concatenate that to the string. Look at this example:
select lpad(' ', LEVEL * 2) || ENAME........
One uses the "start with" clause to specify the start of the tree. More than one record can match the starting condition. One disadvantage of having a "connect by prior" clause is that you cannot perform a join to other tables. The "connect by prior" clause is rarely implemented in the other database offerings. Trying to do this programmatically is difficult as one has to do the top level query first, then, for each of the records open a cursor to look for child nodes.
One way of working around this is to use PL/SQL, open the driving cursor with the "connect by prior" statement, and the select matching records from other tables on a row-by-row basis, inserting the results into a temporary table for later retrieval.
How does one code a matrix report in SQL?
Look at this example query with sample output:
sum(decode(deptno,10,sal)) DEPT10,
sum(decode(deptno,20,sal)) DEPT20,
sum(decode(deptno,30,sal)) DEPT30,
sum(decode(deptno,40,sal)) DEPT40
FROM scott.emp
CLERK _PHONE_ 950
MANAGER 2450 2975 2850
How does one implement IF-THEN-ELSE in a select statement?
The Oracle decode function acts like a procedural statement inside an SQL statement to return different values or columns based on the values of other columns in the select statement.
Some examples:
select decode(sex, 'M', 'Male', 'F', 'Female', 'Unknown')
from employees;
select a, b, decode( abs(a-b), a-b, 'a > b',
0, 'a = b',
'a < b') from tableX;
select decode( GREATEST(A,B), A, 'A is greater OR EQUAL than B', 'B is greater than A')...
select decode( GREATEST(A,B),
Note: The decode function is not ANSI SQL and is rarely implemented in other RDBMS offerings. It is one of the good things about Oracle, but use it sparingly if portability is required.
From Oracle 8i one can also use CASE statements in SQL. Look at this example:
SELECT ename, CASE WHEN sal>1000 THEN 'Over paid' ELSE 'Under paid' END
FROM emp;
How can one dump/ examine the exact content of a database column?
FROM tab1
WHERE cond1 = val1;
Typ=96 Len=4: 65,66,67,32
For this example the type is 96, indicating CHAR, and the last byte in the column is 32, which is the ASCII code for a space. This tells us that this column is blank-padded.
Can one drop a column from a table?
From Oracle8i one can DROP a column from a table. Look at this demonstrating the ALTER TABLE table_name DROP COLUMN column_name; command.
Other workarounds:
1. SQL> update t1 set column_to_drop = NULL;
SQL> rename t1 to t1_base;
SQL> create view t1 as select from t1_base;
2. SQL> create table t2 as select from t1;
SQL> drop table t1;
SQL> rename t2 to t1;
Can one rename a column in a table?
No, this is listed as Enhancement Request 163519. Some workarounds:
1. -- Use a view with correct column names...
rename t1 to t1_base;
create view t1 as select * from t1_base;
2. -- Recreate the table with correct column names...
create table t2 as select * from t1;
drop table t1;
rename t2 to t1;
3. -- Add a column with a new name and drop an old column...
alter table t1 add ( newcolame datatype );
update t1 set newcolname=oldcolname;
alter table t1 drop column oldcolname;
How can I change my Oracle password?
Issue the following SQL command: ALTER USER IDENTIFIED BY /F
How does one find the next value of a sequence?
Perform an "ALTER SEQUENCE... NOCACHE" to unload the unused cached sequence numbers from the Oracle library cache. This way, no cached numbers will be lost. If you then select from the USER_SEQUENCES dictionary view, you will see the correct high water mark value that would be returned for the next NEXTVALL call. Afterwards, perform an "ALTER SEQUENCE... CACHE" to restore caching.
You can use the above technique to prevent sequence number loss before a SHUTDOWN ABORT, or any other operation that would cause gaps in sequence values.
Workaround for snapshots on tables with LONG columns
You can use the SQL*Plus COPY command instead of snapshots if you need to copy LONG and LONG RAW variables from one location to another. Eg:
Note: If you run Oracle8, convert your LONGs to LOBs, as it can be replicated.
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|leading light (ˈliːdɪŋ)|
|1.||an important or outstanding person, esp in an organization or cause|
|2.||nautical a less common term for range light|
|a scrap or morsel of food left at a meal.|
|an arrangement of five objects, as trees, in a square or rectangle, one at each corner and one in the middle.|
An important or influential individual, as in Jim was a leading light in his community. This expression, alluding to moral guidance, dates from about 1870, but terms such as a shining light have been used for an outstanding person since the first half of the 1500s.


text:
We are continually evaluating the effectiveness
of our curricula.
The reports published here provide information about this evaluative research, including an overall summary of findings, a reference guide to aid in interpreting results and reports summarizing individual studies. All results to date are reported - nothing has been excluded - reflecting our dedication to accuracy and objectivity in reporting results.
- Intervention Report: Carnegie Learning Algebra I Curriculum
This Intervention Report was produced by Carnegie Learning. The document's content reflects all of the What Works Clearinghouse's evaluations of Carnegie Learning's Algebra I curriculum. This report includes only studies reviewed by the What Works Clearinghouse and exactly what the What Works Clearinghouse included in their reports. Carnegie Learning Curricula and Cognitive Tutor® was found to have potentially positive effects on mathematics achievement for students using Algebra I.
- (LA) St. Mary Parish Raises Test Scores
Students at Franklin Senior High School in St. Mary Parish School District participated in a Pilot Study sponsored and funded by the Louisiana State Department of Education. The goal of this study was to help students with Algebra readiness. Franklin Senior High School began to use Carnegie Learning Bridge to Algebra as a "catch-up" program for students who failed the 8th grade exit exam (Approaching Basic or Unsatisfactory).
- (KY) Carnegie Learning's Cognitive Tutor Software Inspires Students to Volunteer to Work on Math Skills
The mission at Madison Middle School is: "Maintaining the highest goals and standards in a positive learning environment, motivating one another to achieve his or her fullest potential, and sharing the responsibility of education among students, teachers, parents, and community."
- (KY) Carnegie Learning Delivers Differentiated Instruction and Individualized Learning Paths That Empower Students to Succeed in Math
As part of a district-wide pilot program initiated by the Commonwealth of Kentucky, Foley Middle School, in the Madison County School District, began integrating Carnegie Learning's Bridge to Algebra software into its 6th grade math classes at the start of the 2006-2007 school year.
- Cognitive Tutor Effectiveness (PDF)
An Executive Summary of Carnegie Learning's Research
- Carnegie Learning Research References (PDF)
- Cognitive Tutor: Applied research in mathematics education (PDF)
Evaluation Results Presentation (PowerPoint)
This PowerPoint presentation graphically illustrates the success of the Cognitive Tutor programs.
Guide to Interpreting Evaluations (PDF)
This document provides background information on experimental design, comparisons, measures and other factors for understanding the validity of research programs such as for the Cognitive Tutor.
CMU Research Results (PDF)
This report provides more detailed information about evaluations conducted by Carnegie Mellon University into the effectiveness of Cognitive Tutor Algebra I, Cognitive Tutor Geometry and Cognitive Tutor Algebra II.
This section includes short summaries of some of the evaluations of Cognitive Tutor curricula.
Miami-Dade Charter High Schools (PDF)
FL, 2008, Algebra I/Geometry/Math Prep FCAT, study of 4 Charter High Schools in Miami-Dade County.
Kent School District (PDF)
WA, 2003, Algebra I, study of 779 students, urban public schools
Miami-Dade County Public Schools (PDF)
FL, 2003, 6,395 students, urban public schools, mixed ethnicity
Moore Independent School District (PDF)
OK, 2001, 1,035 students, urban public schools, mixed ethnicity
El Paso Independent School District (PDF)
TX, 2001, Algebra I, large, urban schools; 90% Hispanic
Canton City Schools (PDF)
OH, 2001, Algebra I, study of 293 students, large, urban schools; ~1/3 African-American
The Colony High School (PDF)
TX, 2000, Algebra I, large, suburban school, 76% Caucasian
Lewisville North High School (PDF)
TX, 2000, Algebra I, suburban school, 70% Caucasian
Denver Public Schools (PDF)
CO, 2000, Algebra I, summer school, study of 233 students, large, urban schools; ~50% Hispanic
San Francisco Unified School District (PDF)
CA, 2000, Algebra I, summer school, study of 212 students, large, urban schools, mixed ethnicity
El Paso Independent School District; El Paso, TX (PDF)
TX, 2000, Algebra I, large, urban school; 90% Hispanic
Milwaukee Public Schools (PDF)
WI, 1997, Algebra I, study of 94 students, large, urban schools, largely African-American
Pittsburgh Public High Schools (PDF)
PA, 1995, Algebra I, study of 454 students, large, urban schools; ~50% African-American
Pittsburgh Public High Schools (PDF)
PA, 1994, Algebra I, study of 625 students, large, urban schools; ~50% African-American
Full Evaluation Studies
This section contains complete descriptions of research studies, including extensive descriptions of the study design, procedures and statistical analysis.
Intelligent Tutoring Goes To School in the Big City (PDF)
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education (1997), 8,30-43
The Morgan and Ritter Evaluation (PDF)
An experimental study of the effects of Cognitive Tutor, May 16, 2002
Miami-Dade County Public Schools Study (PDF)
The Reliability Group, May 2004


text:
Managing B2B communications involves managing your company's reputation. Monitoring all forms of media, including TV, radio, print, digital, mobile and the social web, requires stakeholder research, comprehensive understanding of industry language, and the technical set-up of listening dashboards. By watching for brand and competitor mentions, including reactions to industry issues and news, a B2B communicator can find opportunities for thought leadership and proactively address potential crises.
To deliver B2B messages, participate in dialogues and respond to comments on multiple platforms, we must address the risks and governances around corporate social media participation. Creating a board of new media advisors that include each department is the first step in developing an organization-wide social media policy. This involves evaluating B2B opportunities for engagement, establishing participation guidelines for each digital touch point, developing risk assessment and flow charts for crisis communications, and preparing brand representatives to respond quickly online.


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Definition of a Crime Victim
The Attorney General's Guidelines for Victim and Witness Assistance define a victim as a person that has suffered direct physical, emotional, or pecuniary harm as a result of the commission of a federal crime. If the victim is a non governmental institution, such as a bank or corporation, this definition includes a representative of that institution. Government agencies are not considered victims for the purpose of victim services but federal government employees who are harmed in the performance of their duties are considered victims. If the victim is deceased, under 18 years of age, incompetent or incapacitated, this definition includes one of the following persons (in order of preference): a spouse, a legal guardian, a parent, a child, a sibling, another family member; or another person designated by the court.
Definition of a Witness
The Attorney General's Guidelines for Victim and Witness Assistance define a witness as a person who has information or evidence concerning a crime, and provides information regarding his or her knowledge to a law enforcement agency. Where the witness is a minor, the term witness includes an appropriate family member or legal guardian. The term witness does not include a person who is solely a defense witness.
The U.S. Attorney's Office will make its best efforts to ensure your rights are protected. You may seek the advice of an attorney with respect to these rights. If you believe that an employee of the United States Attorney's Office failed to provide you with one or more of these rights, you may file an administrative complaint, as provided under 28 CFR §45.10. Please contact the United States Attorney's Office to obtain information about these procedures.


text:
Drawing of Digging Stick and Stone Weights
The Khoikhoi were semi-nomadic pastoralists (herders of sheep and cattle), who hunted game and gathered edible plants, nuts, roots, berries, and honey to supplement their diets. There was a division of labor between men and women: men hunted and tended the cattle while women looked after small stock and gathered food in the surrounding countryside. One of the implements used by women was the digging stick weighted with stones. Although the implement may appear primitive, consider what went into making it and how practical it was in its environment for its intended uses.
Ratzel, Friedrich. Drawing of digging stick and stone weights. Völkerkunde. Volume 1 (Leipzig and Vienna, 1894).


Target Your Upper Legs, Abs and Lats with Triangle Stretch
Triangle stretch consists of three steps, hold each position for 15 seconds, alternate between legs and repeat the procedure.
Step 1:
Lunge out:
Move the left leg forward so that you will be in lunge position. Keep your right leg straight and completely extended. Keep your left shin vertical to the top of your foot and your back foot at 90 degrees to your front foot.Lunge out
Spin around your torso to the left and forward by placing your left elbow on your bent left knee and your right hand on your right hip. This will open up your torso and you should feel the stretch in your inner thighs [Inner thigh exercises], abdominals [Abdominal exercises] and obliques.
Step 2:
Reach up:
Moving into the similar pose as step 1, place a yoga block straight and aligned with the back of your left heel. Move your left hand on the block by locking your elbow to provide a stable platform on which to rest your weight.
Reach up
Fully stretch your right arm overhead by keeping it as close to your face as possible. Try to keep the top arm, pelvis and back leg assembled in a single plane. You should experience the stretch all up your right-hand side through your lats and obliques.
Step 3:
Reach further:Reach further
From this position, remove the yoga block and try to extend your left hand to the floor.
The tendency is to collapse on to your front arm and leg, so focus on shifting the thrust of your pelvis into your back leg as you move towards the natural curve of your spine. This move requires a great deal, more flexibility, so be careful.


RWJF Center for Health Policy at UNM
You are here
Gabe Sanchez and Post-doc Edward D. Vargas author language bias and healthcare article
Gabriel Sanchez, RWJF Executive Director and Post-doc Edward D. Vargas co-authored this article, Language bias and self-rated health status among the Latino population: evidence of the influence of translation in a wording experiment which was recently published in Springer.
This research uses a translation experiment to assess the Spanish translation of the "fair" response in the self-rated health measure among a representative study of the Latino population in the USA.
See the article here


12 Nov, 2018
In order to encourage the development of medical devices intended for rare diseases, CNMPA has drafted a guideline whose key principles where founded on the "Opinions on Deepening the Reform of Examination and Approval System Reform and Encouraging Innovation of Pharmaceutical Medical Devices" published by the General Office of the State Council.
Scope and objects: This guideline is applicable only for the registration and amendment application of medical devices (including IVD device/reagent) intended to be used for the treatment and prevention of rare diseases. Medical devices which have been listed in other countries could be approved under certain conditions. Moreover, the enterprise shall also formulate a risk management plan and conduct relevant research as required.
This guideline covers the following points:
1. Before applying for registration, the applicant may first inquire to the concerned department regarding the applicability of the guideline and to confirm the clinical evaluation path to be taken for the medical device in question. The applicant shall also prepare relevant documentation, and the technical review department shall hold a consultation meeting to discuss the issues raised by the applicant.
2. One of the documents included in the submission requirements is "the preclinical research of the product" where the applicant shall adequately discuss the background of the rare disease and the mechanism of action of the device product in question.
3. The device shall be exempted from clinical trial only if there are adequate pre-clinical studies or other relevant evidences establishing a high benefit-to-risk ratio when the device is used to the patient. Otherwise, clinical trial shall be performed.
4. For imported medical devices which have been listed for the prevention and treatment of rare diseases in other countries, overseas clinical trial data may serve as a valid data for as long as it meets which was issued February 2018.
Official Press


text:
the article through here: martinhilbert.net/WorldInfoCapacity.html
- Digital Communication. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. 2005. ISBN 978-0-07059117-2. _URL_
- Bit Calculator – a tool providing conversions between bit, byte, kilobit, kilobyte, megabit, megabyte, gigabit, gigabyte
- BitXByteConverter – a tool for computing file sizes, storage capacity, and digital information in various units
Original source: _URL_ Read more


text:
Trigonometry/Derivative of Inverse Functions
The inverse functions sin-1(x), etc. have derivatives that are purely algebraic functions.
If y = sin-1(x) then x = sin(y) and
If y = tan-1(x) then x = tan(y) and
If y = sec-1(x) then x = sec(y) and
The above results provide an easy way to find the power series expansions of these functions.
This is uniformly convergent if |x| < 1 so can be integrated term by term. The constant of integration is zero since sin-1(0) = 0, so
This is uniformly convergent if |x| < 1 so can be integrated term by term. The constant of integration is zero since tan-1(0) = 0, so
Note that sec-1(x) has no power series expansion about x=0, as it is not defined for x < 1 and has an infinite derivative when x = 1. An expansion about any point x = a > 1 in powers of (x-a) can be found uding Taylor's theorem; it will converge for 1 < x < 2a-1.Last modified on 11 March 2011, at 13:02


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Whether you are homeschooling a teen or a pre-schooler—or both at the same time—your students can study and learn together. Sherrie Payne, mother and teacher of six, has learned to make multi-grade homeschooling both fun and efficient.
To simplify the multi-level teaching process and eliminate "boring" from history lessons, Sherrie wrote a world history curriculum entitled, "Around the World in 180 Days." In this engaging webinar, Sherrie draws from "Around the World" to share the excitement of history!
You'll learn that there's more to world history than just dates, names, and places. Sherrie will show how you can give your students "the rest of the story," and help them understand more about the nations that influence world events.
Take a ride in an imaginary hot air balloon, and prepare to have fun with world history!


text:
Product Quality & Safety Manager at Ro
What you'll do:
- Develop effective quality control processes.
- Devise and review specifications for products or processes.
- Establish requirements for raw material or intermediate products for suppliers.
- Manage Ro's contractual obligations under product quality agreements
- Develop and maintain a quality document management system
- Coordinate with contract manufacturers and internal teams to gather raw material and finished product documentation and analyze its validity.
- Participate in CMO audits, as necessary, including preparation of audit plans and documentation of post-audit findings.
- Contribute to regulatory submissions such as product registrations and record requests.
- Responsible for keeping up with and understanding the regulatory environment and quality requirements for dietary supplements, personal care products, and OTC medications.
What You Bring to the Team:
- Bachelor's degree (BA or BS) required.
- 2-5 years of FDA-regulated product industry experience, including 2-4 years in a Quality Audit role.
- Knowledge of the regulatory landscape for the labeling and manufacturing of various FDA regulated products including dietary supplements, prescription and OTC monograph drugs, and personal care products.
- Knowledge of safety reporting requirements for FDA-regulated products.
- Must be able to innovate, analyze, and solve problems with minimal supervisory input.
- Excellent communications, listening, and negotiation skills are necessary.
- Excellent organizational and time management skills needed to manage multiple ongoing projects simultaneously.
- Must have outstanding attention to details.
Benefits + Perks:
- Full medical, dental, and vision insurance + OneMedical membership
- Healthcare and Dependent Care FSA
- Commuter benefits
- Unlimited PTO
- Fitness reimbursement
- Paid maternity/parental leave


text:
Tackling Cancer Pain – A toolkit for patients and families was Highly Commended at the British Medical Association (BMA) Patient information awards 2016.
The reviewer said 'This resource is of an exceptionally high standard; the amount of effort that went into producing and reviewing it is clear. It's very well-presented, and contains a large amount of helpful information in a clear and easy to read way. This really is an excellent resource.'
The purpose of Tackling Cancer Pain is to provide evidence-based information and practical advice for patients and families about self-management of advanced cancer pain. The resource comprises a booklet in the form of a compact loose-leaf A5 ring binder with a DVD attached to the inside front cover. Both were designed on the basis of an extensive literature review and user involvement and produced with the input of professional film-makers and designers. The booklet and DVD contain essentially the same information but in different formats and are structured so that they can be used independently by patients or family members. They can also form the basis for one-to-one or group education or coaching from a health professional. Clear guidance is given in each chapter about how to use the information presented. Step-by-step tuition is provided on non-pharmacological pain relief measures such as relaxation and visualisation, and on how to initiate and conduct conversations about pain with health professionals.


text:
CSS unicode-bidi is used to specify how the bidirectional text is handled in a page.
It must be used with the CSS direction property.
CSS unicode-bidi property values,
- normal : With respect to bidirectional algorithm, no additional level of embedding is added.
- embed : An additional level of embedding is added, if the element is inline.
- bidi-override : For block elements, it creates an override for inline-level descendants. For inline elements, this creates an override.
- isolate : The element is isolated from its siblings.
- isolate-override : It applies isolation behavior of the isolate keyword to the outside content and the override behavior of the bidi-override keyword to the inner content.


Like in baseball, there is no crying, excuses or ifs, ands or buts in food safety. Zero is the magic number when it comes to the end game. That's because critical blunders in the baking process often become a costly lesson that doesn't wait until another day.
It's also why many bakeries and snack producers have invested in automating the front end of their operations with ingredient handling systems to track, trace and keep everything running on pace. In many cases, such automation also eases the burden of complying with the Food Safety Modernization Act's regulations and recordkeeping requirements.
But if to err is human, why do so many manufacturers still rely on manual lot tracking systems?
"Many industries are trying their best to manage consistent production with minimal capital cost," explained Kevin Pecha, sales manager, AZO. "As such, many have chosen to save the money needed to implement an automated lot tracking system and monitor batching information by hand. This can be an efficient means of maintaining the data; however, the diligence required to ensure accuracy is occasionally lost."
Yes, a penny saved can become an error earned, although most miscues aren't the end of the world, at least initially.
"The main ones are 'honest' mistakes made by operators, where they make entry errors or misread lot codes from packaging," said John Hunter, sales account manager, bakery and ingredient handling, Bühler Inc. "If these occur with the ingredient lot number, traceability breaks down."
Then again, minor missteps tend to compound in the beginning of production and could result in product loss or, at worst, even a recall.
"Errors and omissions on the records do not make the finished goods any less sellable, but often the records do not reflect what has been integrated into the batch every time," Mr. Pecha said. "Aside from manual entry mistakes, missing or double ingredients can be recorded as a single addition, and in a rush, lot number changes may take a batch or two to become updated."
Moreover, manual recordkeeping also means twice the amount of work.
"Many bakeries are still relying on hand-written tracking sheets for raw ingredient lots, and many of these then must be transcribed into their manufacturing software," noted Jason Stricker, director of sales and marketing, Shick Esteve. "The duplication of effort increases labor and allows the potential for simple data entry mistakes."
In the food safety arena, it's always best to know the answers before someone starts asking questions.
"How do we know the right ingredient is tipped into the system, into a bin or from the bag? If these systems are manual, there is no cross check, so the chances of errors are high — certainly high enough — so every plant with a manual system will have experienced them and lose much product and money," Mr. Hunter observed.
Bakers must delve into the details to determine how their ingredient handling system supplements their plants' food safety programs, cost-savings efforts and continuous improvement initiatives. This will make sure they're getting the validated and verified data they need.
"Operations leaders should ask themselves how they can be sure the ingredients are being scaled correctly with accurate lot code information and how they might improve ingredient flow through the plant with smart use of silos and holding bins," said Joseph Cross, process manager, Zeppelin System USA. "Another question is whether an additional layer of automation at ingredient gate points could not only improve operational efficiency but also allow bakeries to cast a smaller net if faced with a recall situation."
When bakers are investigating these types of software, it is vital to validate suppliers' experience and capabilities, Mr. Stricker said.
"How often are (the vendors) updating and providing enhancements to the software?" he asked. "How easily expandable is the system in the event of plant additions? Can it be integrated with upfront ERP systems, and can they access the data remotely?"
Mr. Hunter recommended that bakers must safeguard against errors that could be found later in records when they're audited. Nobody likes those types of surprises.
"If I check all ingredients, will it be clear what the product is or what the lot number is? Is it clear which ingredients have been released or are on hold for use?" he queried. "All of these points must be addressed to verify that lot number traceability systems can be validated as necessary."
When it comes to food safety, nobody wants to see any errors or hear any excuses. If that happens, it makes all managers feel like they want to cry.