text:
Website Clipboard Health
Job Title: Knowledge Operations Manager
Position Overview: We are seeking a skilled and proactive Knowledge Operations Manager to lead our document operations team and ensure the accuracy, clarity, and compliance of our knowledge base and processes. The successful candidate will play a vital role in maintaining high-quality documentation, improving team efficiency, and contributing to the success of our organization. This role requires a detail-oriented individual with exceptional organizational skills and the ability to collaborate effectively with cross-functional teams.
Knowledge Operations Manager Responsibilities: As the Knowledge Operations Manager for our documents team, you will be responsible for the following:
- Knowledge Base Management:
- Own and maintain our knowledge base system, ensuring all content is accurate, up-to-date, and easy to navigate.
- Collaborate with various teams to gather and update information, troubleshoot issues, and improve overall knowledge base usability.
- Proactively identify knowledge gaps and work to address them through clear and concise documentation.
- Quality Assurance and Compliance:
- Set and monitor performance metrics for document specialists and subject matter experts (SMEs).
- Oversee the rollout of new document requirements and ensure compliance with state regulations.
- Collaborate with Legal and Compliance teams to maintain a comprehensive understanding of legal obligations and risks, making informed decisions that align with our organization's goals.
- Process Improvement:
- Develop and implement effective processes for identifying new document requirements and proactively building rollout plans.
- Streamline document creation and update processes to ensure agents are equipped with accurate information for handling new requirements.
- Identify areas for improvement in team accuracy and efficiency and implement strategies to address them.
- Team Collaboration:
- Conduct weekly calls with facilities to understand requirement needs at both facility and state levels.
- Engage with facilities that have low fill rates to address challenges and improve performance.
- Foster collaboration with cross-functional teams to enhance the quality of documentation and align knowledge base updates with organizational goals.
- Continuing Education and Training:
- Revamp and manage the continuing education program for SMEs and specialists, ensuring all updated processes are effectively communicated and understood.
- Develop and administer knowledge check tests to identify gaps and opportunities for improvement in the knowledge base.
- Utilize assessment results to update knowledge base pages and enhance overall training materials.
- Bachelor's degree in a relevant field or equivalent work experience.
- Excellent attention to detail and the ability to create clear and concise documentation.
- Proven track record of improving team accuracy, efficiency, and performance.
- Strong analytical and problem-solving skills, with the ability to proactively identify and address issues.
- Effective communication and collaboration skills, including the ability to work with cross-functional teams.
- Familiarity with legal and compliance considerations related to document operations.
- Proficiency in using knowledge base software and tools.
- Prior experience in process improvement initiatives is a plus.
To apply for this job please visit boards.greenhouse.io.


The Avodah Blog
Supporting Survivors of Violence: A conversation with Kelsey Saragnese
In honor of Sexual Assault Awareness Month, we spoke with Avodah Fellowship 2018-2019 alumna Kelsey Saragnese about her work in the field of violence prevention.
Kelsey Saragnese photoA fervent advocate for violence prevention, Kelsey Saragnese has dedicated her career to helping people understand how to support and empower survivors of interpersonal, domestic and sexual violence.
Her passion for human rights dates back to childhood, but it wasn't until college that she was exposed to the complexities of oppression and social justice. She attended University of Missouri and worked in a resource center that sought to shift the campus culture around issues of violence and justice. Kelsey felt pulled toward facilitating dialogues and working with people on culture change.
"It lit a spark for me. I was always really passionate about issues that predominantly affect women, girls, and queer and trans people. As a kid I was interested in human rights issues but never had the perspective of seeing how violence and oppression was affecting my own community. A lot of people in my personal life have been affected by domestic or interpersonal violence. I came to understand the intersecting systems that create conditions for poverty, suffering and violence."
Kelsey graduated with a degree in women's and gender studies and relocated to Kansas City. She has been able to carry on her passion for anti-violence and social justice work into her career, and now does education and prevention at a rape crisis center. The job isn't easy, but she says two things keep her going: the women, queer, and trans people who did this work before her and the next generation of leaders she gets to work with. She likens it to a quote from Alice Walker, who said, "Activism is the rent I pay to live on this planet."
Kelsey works with youth, primarily middle and high school students, who inspire and motivate her. The language and skills that they have, compared to where she feels she was at as a high schooler herself, makes her hopeful for the future. The youth she works with want people to be safe and authentically themselves, and Kelsey offers them a space where they can be those things.
"People come in with all sorts of backgrounds, experiences, beliefs and ideas. Sometimes we just scratch the surface of what violence is. Sometimes, people are grappling with complicated questions. 'What does it mean if the world isn't a safe place?' 'What does it mean if they have to challenge things they learned from other people?' Do they trust me enough to challenge those ideas? I try to have a really authentic conversation."
Recently, many of the conversations have centered on police brutality. There is a history of white Americans falsely accusing men of color, particularly Black men, of violence, leading to violence against them and wrongful charges. According to the National Registry of Exonerations, innocent Black people are seven times more likely to be wrongfully convicted of murder than innocent white people. Kelsey helps her audience navigate those conversations and struggle with what it means to believe survivors in a flawed system.
When asked how people can support survivors of interpersonal, domestic and sexual violence, Kelsey has one key piece of advice — listen.
"Listen authentically without questioning, without judging, without wanting to jump in and save the day and offer a solution. Let them know they can trust you. So often, even the most well intentioned people — when we hear someone important to us has been hurt — we want to fix it. The most important thing to remember is the person who's been in that situation, their power has been taken away. The agency over their own body and life wasn't important to that person who was hurting them. We can put that power back in their hands by really hearing them."
She understands that talking about sexual violence can feel really taboo and scary. She wants people to know that an experience of violence does not define who somebody is.
"It doesn't mean that person is broken, it doesn't mean that person won't be able to heal, that they're not whole. We might feel like we have to tiptoe around the idea that people have been hurt but a huge part of the healing process for a lot of folks is reclaiming their narrative. 'This is something that happened and this is what happens next.'"
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Sales – Getting Started & Next Steps
Selecting the Best Generators for your RV
Camping activities became one of the most common and the most popular outdoor recreational activities in every parts of the world, and a number of people together with their friends and families are fond of going to different places that are located outside the city. Camping grounds or camping sites are being constructed or built, introduced and developed to the public people, and those destinations are usually found in outdoor settings, which may be categorized as a wilderness area or organized park. Campsites or campgrounds are designed and built with amenities included, such as picnic tables, road access for vehicles, gravel or concrete pad, fireplaces or fire pits, marked spaces with specified boundaries for every campers, utility hookups which includes sewer, water and electricity, piped portable water, toilets and showers and many more. A lot of campgrounds have designed their own facility for recreational vehicles, or RV for short, and these are known as caravan or RV parks, and travelers prefer to use such facility as a substitute for hotels or motels.
A type of motor vehicle or trailer that equipped the common amenities found on residential homes or houses and living spaces, is the RV or recreational vehicle, and alternative terms for this includes caravan, motorhome and camper van. There are basically a lot of manufacturers of RVs, and it can be designed as a single-deck or double-deck type, and the common features included in RVs are sleeping facilities, bathroom, kitchen, vanity closet, generator, satellite internet, dining room, desk and hot tub. RVs are commonly found in campgrounds or RV parks, which can be rented in tourist areas and in most major cities, and this can either be a towable trailer or motor vehicle that are being used by the people in the intention of doing leisure activities like vacations and camping. RV parks are designed with various facilities included such as drinking water, sewer, AC power, telephone, and television connection; Wi-Fi or hotspot; bathhouses, convenience store, barbecue area, dump station, laundry, picnic tables, restrooms, recreation hall, gift shop, golf courses, hot tubs, showers, bar or restaurant, and swimming pool. RVs are usually powered electrically with the use of generators that may be run by the use of gasoline, propane and diesel, and the campers or travelers are usually making use of this device while they are boondocking or dry camping. Some of the common appliances and electrical devices that are commonly bought by RV owners and are being powered by generators includes television set, microwave ovens, electrical refrigerators, air conditioners, electrical water heaters, electric space heaters, computers, hair dryers, toasters, and stereo systems. There are a lot of manufacturers of generators designed for recreational vehicles, and the people who wants to find the best brand of generators for their RVs can look for them through the use of the internet, newspaper or television ads, or from the word of mouth and recommendations of friends and families.
A Beginners Guide To Products
The Essential Laws of Sales Explained


Manifestations of the Holy Spirit
What does the Bible truly say about manifestations of the Holy Spirit? Find the answer here.
manifestations of the holy spirit
What does the Bible say about manifestations of the Holy Spirit?
Are manifestations of the holy Spirit biblical? When you look around on the internet you can find many different opinions on this topic and everyone claims to be 'biblical' and telling the 'truth'. But what is REALLY the truth and what does the Bible say about it?
Manifestations of the holy Spirit are occurring in tens of thousands of churches worldwide. It's definitely not tied to a certain ministry, church or movement. It's a phenomenon which has been seen throughout the church history. Many great revivals were marked with manifestations like laughing, crying, shaking, shouting, falling etc. Because of the odd appearances many people ask themselves the question: is this really of the holy Spirit? Is God doing this? Or is this an eveil spirit and is it pure deception by satan? Can you find manifestations of the holy Spirit in the Bible?
Jesus Christ warned us that there would be many false prophets and heretics. The apostle Paul specifically invokes the Christians not to trust any spirit, but to test the spirits.
So it is important to be vigilant and to examine from the source.
Thankfully Jesus Christ as well as the apostles and prophets have left clear advice on how to discern the spirits. The Bible contains various keys to help us intercept deception. Furthermore the Bible shows us that the holy Spirit wants to give us the gift of discernment. (1 Cor 12:10) God wants to protect us against every form of deception and wants to perfect us in spiritual discernment.
The question we ask ourselves is: how do you discern whether a manifestation is from the Spirit of God or from a demon?
What's important to understand is that nowhere in the Bible it says that a manifestation is from a demon, just because it looks weird. Yes, manifestations can be perceived as weird, like someone suddenly falling backwards, bursting into laughter without visible obvious reason, starting to shake severely or start to cry intensely. But biblically seen we cannot label something as demonic just because it looks unusual. An important message in the Bible is rather that God judges things in a very different way than we do. Man is inclined to judge a verdict purely on the basis of what we superficially hear or see. But God sees much deeper.
God rebukes his own prophet Samuel because he judged on the basis of his human perception.
Samuel saw the sons of Isai and found that they physically met the criteria to become the next king of Israel. But God reproached Samuel and said:
'You look at the outward appearance, but I LOOK AT THE HEART.' (See 1 Samuel 16)
This is a distinguishing mark of us people: we are not used to look deeper than the superficial, visible and audible. What we tend to do too quickly is think: 'It looks like this, so I am convinced that is such and such.' This is however not a valid way to determine if a manifestation is from God or not. God's word says:
We live in a supernatural, invisible world which you cannot always identify with your human senses.
A demon can make a person sit down very pious, rigid, neatly and good, while the Spirit of God can liberate somebody from bonds and allows the person to freely laugh, cry, sheer and dance of joy. The man that is demonically bound can look very pious, fitting and smooth but his heart can be a source of bitter poison, judgement and slander. The person that laughs or cries loudly and starts to tremble with his whole body can be deeply filled with the love, truth and freedom of Jesus Christ. So you cannot know at first sight what is truly happening inside somebody's heart.
manifestations holy spirit eye
You have to learn to look deeper than the outward. Otherwise you will be deceived by your own wrong judgement.
God says in the Bible that He functions on a very different level than our human way of thinking and making judgement:
The danger of misinterpretation is clearly seen with the scribes, the 'bible experts' in the days of Jesus. They that taught the people about God and his word. They didn't recognise Jesus Christ and accused Him to be a servant of the devil. They misjudged and became enemies of what God was doing in their midst. The same thing is happening today. People who have a lot of theoretical knowledge about the bible, name manifestations as demonic, just because it doesn't fit in their thinking boxes. But that is not a biblical way of checking. This way you can severely misunderstand the Spirit of God like the bible experts did who lived in Jesus' time.
Manifestations in the Bible
When you read the Bible, you will notice that God doesn't work as fitting, controlled and safe as we want to make Him in our established, churches and meetings, controlled by people. God will always break through our limitations and astonishes man time after time. After a while you start wondering why He will never adjust to our traditions and habits.
God often does thing that are shocking, different, amazing and confusing. That is God's hallmark.
He is indifferent to our need of control and ignores totally our human habits and sends his messengers in a way He chooses, free from the traditions of people. Prophets sometimes were feeling sick and perplexed after seeing a vision from God.
'Then I, Daniel, was exhausted and sick for days. Then I got up again and carried on the king's business; but I was astounded at the vision.' (Daniel 8:27)
Not only the prophetic visions would upset God's prophets, the manifestations would be perplexing at times as well.
manifestations holy spirit saul
A Biblical example: King Saul was furious at David because the Spirit of God chose him to lead the people instead of himself. David had hidden himself in the house of the prophets. Three times Saul sent a group of soldiers to take David captive, but what happened? Every time the soldiers would approach the house of the prophets, the Spirit of God would come over them (against their will) and brought them into spiritual ecstasy. (Spiritual ecstasy is originally translated to prophecy)
'Then Saul sent messengers to take David, but when they saw the company of the prophets prophesying, with Samuel standing and presiding over them, the Spirit of God came upon the messengers of Saul; and they also prophesied.' (1 Samuel 19:20)
After sending a group of soldiers three times, who were brought into ecstasy every time (against their will) causing them to start to prophesize, Saul decided to go there himself. What happened there?
'He proceeded there to Naioth in Ramah; and the Spirit of God came upon him also, so that he went along prophesying continually until he came to Naioth in Ramah. He also stripped off his clothes, and he too prophesied before Samuel and lay down naked all that day and all that night. Therefore they say, "Is Saul also among the prophets?" (1 Samuel 19:23-24)
Some claim this manifestation was caused by the evil spirit of Saul but it states clearly in this bible passage that the spirit of God overpowered Saul, just like his soldiers.
Moreover Saul's weird behaviour caused people to say: "Is Saul also among the prophets?" That is extremely bizarre and goes against everything we think about God who according to us would never let somebody prophecy for a whole night against his own will. That is not possible, is it? The Bible shows that God is not bothered by what we think is acceptable or not. God is God, we are not.
Another example from the Bible is that the Spirit of God forced Ezekiel to lie on the street for 390 days and had to eat food that was baked on faeces:
'You shall eat it as a barley cake, having baked it in their sight over human dung.' (Ezekiel 4:12)
The Bible is clear: God sometimes does extremely weird things.
Think about Jesus Christ who made mud of his saliva and rubbed it into the eyes of a blind man. 'Gross! That can't be from God? No, that is impossible. God isn't that filthy! And yet it was Jesus Christ who did that. And the blind man was healed.
You can't judge something solely on the basis on what it looks like.
God is infinitely much bigger and different than us humans and it speaks for itself that He can do things that break through our boundaries. Still people always want to limit God and create a safe zone where they are in control and not God. The truth is: if you really want to serve God, He will be your safety, and not your doctrines, not your tradition, not your controle, not your habits. God is your safety, even if He does inexplicable things.
That is why it is only truly possible to test manifestations if you live in deep surrender in the arms of God and if you are willing to let Him be who He is. If you want to put God in boxes from every angle, you will miss out on God. You will do exactly the same as the scribes did with Jesus: accusing God to be the devil.
Biblical guidelines to test manifestations
manifestations of the holy spirit test the fruit
God wants to let us grow in wisdom and insight so we will become strong sons and daughters of Him. That is why the Bible gives us principles to test:
1. Look at the fruits of the tree
'Either make the tree good and its fruit good, or make the tree bad and its fruit bad; for


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following vapor–solid growth mechanism, as illustrated in Fig. 9. First, the silicon powder is melted and vaporized at elevated temperature (probably around 1,300°C, below the melting point of bulk silicon, 1,410°C), and the silicon vapor is transported downstream to the carbon black powder region by the Ar gas flow. Then, the silicon vapor reacts with carbon and forms SiC nuclei on the surface of the carbon black powder, possible assisted by the impurity oxygen in Ar gas as recently proposed by Wu et al.. Such SiC nuclei gradually grow into micron-sized SiC crystals as shown in Fig. 8a. With further increase in the reaction time, nanoribbon clusters start to grow from the surfaces of the SiC microcrystals, and their lengths increase linearly with the reaction time. It is unclear what initiates the growth of nanoribbons from the microcrystals, which seems to relate to the reaction temperature and silicon vapor supply. At low reaction temperature, i.e., 1,300–1,400°C, only short SiC needles and whiskers are formed on the SiC microcrystals. Above the melting point of silicon, increased supply of silicon vapor appears to favor the growth of nanoribbons.
Figure 9. Schematic of the vapor–solid growth of SiC nanoribbons
In summary, SiC nanoribbons were synthesized by a reaction of silicon vapor and carbon black powder at 1,500°C in Ar atmosphere at atmospheric pressure. The nanoribbons were typically tens to hundreds of microns in length, several microns in width and tens of nanometers in thickness. The nanoribbons were characterized with SEM, HRTEM, EDX, XRD, Raman spectroscopy and XPS, and were found to be hexagonal 2H-SiC with a growth direction of. The influence of synthesis conditions including the reaction temperature, reaction duration and chamber pressure on the growth of the SiC nanomaterials was investigated. The reaction temperature was varied from 1,250 to 1,500°C, and the nanoribbon growth was observed for reactions above 1,400°C. The reaction duration was varied from 5 to 12 h, and the nanoribbons were found to start growing at ~5.5-h reaction duration, with their lengths increasing almost linearly with the reaction duration. Reactions were carried out at 1.5 torr and 1 atm chamber pressures, and no nanoribbon growth was observed at 1.5 torr pressure. Based on the synthesis condition study, a vapor–solid reaction dominated growth mechanism was proposed for the SiC nanoribbon growth.
W. Ding appreciates the support of the start-up fund at Clarkson University. We are grateful to the Center for Advanced Materials Processing (CAMP) at Clarkson, the John M. Cowley Center for High Resolution Electron Microscopy at Arizona State University and the Nanosystem Engineering System Facility and Equipment Resources at West Virginia University for supplying multi-user facilities used in this work.
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
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Lee JS, Nishimura T, Tanaka H, Lee SH: in Syn

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Modeling Credit Risk for SMEs : Evidence from the US Market
Considering the fundamental role played by small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in the economy of many countries and the considerable attention placed on SMEs in the new Basel Capital Accord, we develop a distress prediction model specifically for the SME sector and to analyze its effectiveness compared to a generic corporate model. The behavior of financial measures for SMEs is analyzed and the most significant variables in predicting the entities' credit worthiness are selected in order to construct a default prediction model. Using a logit regression technique on a panel of over 2,000 US firms (with sales less than $65 million) over the period _PHONE_, we develop a one-year default prediction model. This model has an out of sample prediction power which is almost 30% higher than a generic corporate model. An associated objective is to observe our model's ability to lower bank capital requirements considering the new Basel Capital Accord's rules for SMEs.
"The main goal of this paper is to analyze a rather complete set of financial ratios linked to US SMEs and find out which are the most predictive ones of the entities' credit worthiness."
Figure1. Distribution of sales in the US SME sample
The main goal of this paper is to analyze a rather complete set of financial ratios linked to US SMEs and find out which are the most predictive ones of the entities' credit worthiness. One motivation of our study is to show the significant importance for banks of modeling credit risk for SMEs separately from large corporates. The only study that we are aware of that focused on modeling credit risk specifically for SMEs is a fairly distant article by Edmister (1972). He analyzed 19 financial ratios and, using multivariate discriminant analysis, developed a model to predict small business defaults. His study is carried on a sample of small and medium sized enterprises over the period _PHONE_. We expand and improve his work using, for the first time, the definition of SME as contained in new Basel Capital Accord (sales less than €50 million) and applying a logit regression analysis to develop the model. We extensively analyze a large number of relevant financial measures in order to select the most predictive ones. Then, we use these variables as predictors of the default event. The final output is not only an extensive study of SME financial characteristics, but also a model to predict their PD, specifically the one year PD required under Basel II.
The performance of this model is also compared with the performance of a well-known generic corporate model in order to show the importance of modeling SME credit risk separately from a generic corporate model. We acknowledge that our analysis could still be improved using qualitative variables as predictors in the failure prediction model to better discriminate between SMEs (as recent literature, e.g. Lehmann (2003) and Grunet et al. (2004), demonstrate). The database that we use (COMPUSTAT), however, does not contain qualitative variables. Nevertheless, the performance accuracy of the model that we develop specifically to predict SME default is significantly high both on an absolute and relative basis. While there have been many successful models developed for corporate distress prediction purposes, and at least two are commonly used by practitioners on a regular basis, none were developed specifically for SMEs.
In addition, we feel that the original Z-Score models (developed by one of the authors) can be improved upon by transforming several of the variables to adjust for the changing values and distributions of several of the key variables of that model. We feel that a parsimonious selection of variables, some of which are transformed, can compensate for the fact that our model cannot make use of qualitative variables that are available only from banks and other lending institutions files.


How Many 4 Digit Numbers Are There?
How many 4 digit numbers can be formed using 4 digits?
256Finally there are 4 choices for the last digit so the number of possible 4 digit numbers is 4 4 4 = 256..
How many 6 digit numbers are there in all?
How many 5 digit numbers are there in all?
90,000 fiveThere are 5 digits (any number from 0-9) in a 5-digit number. There are 90,000 five digit numbers in all.
What is the most common 4 digit code?
How many numbers can be formed with 10 digits?
8,999,999,999well all the values between : 1,000,000,000 and 9,999,999,999 are 10 digit numbers. so that is a total of: 8,999,999,999 distinct 10 digit numbers. You say using only the digits 0 to 9 – since that includes ALL possible decimal digits – the answer is as above.
How many 4 digit palindromes are there?
{101, 111, 121, 131, 141, 151, 161, 171, 181, 191, …, 909, 919, 929, 939, 949, 959, 969, 979, 989, 999} There are likewise 90 palindromic numbers with four digits (again, 9 choices for the first digit multiplied by ten choices for the second digit.
How many 4 digit numbers can be formed with the 10 digits?
There are 9 ways to pick the first digit (1 through 9), there are 10 ways to pick the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th digits, so that 9 10 10 10 = 9000 ways.
How many four digit numbers can be formed using 7 5 0 2 only once in a Number?
2) A digit can be used only once. 3) To form a n-digit number, possible numbers would be n!. 4) Hence, the answer would be 4! = 24.
What is the longest word that is the same backwards?
The longest known palindromic word is saippuakivikauppias (19 letters), which is Finnish for a dealer in lye (caustic soda). A palindrome is a word or phrase where the letters read backwards, give the same word or phrase, eg: the phrase 'Madam I'm Adam', with the reply 'Eve'.
Is 69 a palindrome?
Answer: NO, so that means the number 69 is not a palindrome!
How many 4 digit combinations are there with 10 numbers?
10 000For each choice of the first two digits you have 10 choices for the third digit. Thus you have 10x10x10 = 1000 choices for the first three digits. Finally you have 10 choices for the fourth digit and thus there are 10x10x10x10 = 10 000 possible 4 digit combinations from 0-9.
Which is the smallest 4 digit number with no digit repeated?
1023Smallest 4 digit number in which no digit is repeated is => 1023.
How long does it take to crack a 4 digit PIN?
How many 4 digit numbers are there with no digit repeated?
What is the most secure 4 digit code?
8068The safest 4-digit PIN is '8068' — or at least it was, until researchers at Data Genetics told everyone this week. The researchers there went through a set of 3.4 million four-digit personal identification numbers and found "8068" came up only 25 times.
Can palindromes be even?
A palindrome is a string that reads the same forwards as backwards. It is often convenient to think of two kinds of palindromes separately: … Even-length palindromes: These have a "first half" whose reverse is the second half.


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Results for - Secondary Trauma
1,692 voters participated in this survey
1. Secondary Trauma, also known as "Compassion Fatigue" is defined as "the stress resulting from helping or wanting to help a traumatized or suffering person". Have you ever heard of Secondary Trauma or Compassion Fatigue before this survey?
2. Those most at risk for secondary trauma include people in professions traditionally thought of as caring, such as nurses, teachers, counselors and social workers, but some in legal and law enforcement positions such as judges and even prison guards are also at increased risk. Do you or someone you know work or volunteer in a capacity that has a risk of secondary trauma?
3. If you or someone you know is at risk of secondary trauma, which of the following symptoms of trauma in general are you aware of?
None of the above/NA
Other (please specify)
4. Secondary trauma is a major cause of turnover in many professions with high risk factors, leading to increased costs in recruitment and training of new staff and a decreased continuity of care for those who are being aided, among other negative impacts. For these reasons, there are counselors who specialize in prevention and treatment of secondary trauma. If you or someone you know is at increased risk, would you be interested in prevention training or treatment options?
12/01/2015 Living 1692 25 By: Asdisir


text:
If your organisation uses and therefore buys plastic packaging, the enormous price increases and shortages for your plastic packaging have probably not gone unnoticed. The prices of polyethylene, the basis of LDPE, MDPE and HDPE film, have never been this high since 2000.
What causes these increases?
It is not easy to catch the reason in one sentence. Market analysts and producers speak of a 'perfect storm' which already indicates a combination of factors that causes these exceptional price increases.
Traditionally, the movement in the naphtha price largely dictates the movement of the derivatives such as PE and PP polymers and the end products derived from them, such as packaging films. Occasionally, other external influences (such as production disruptions due to weather or technical failures) also play a role. The temporary imbalances in supply and demand can push up or down the prices of end products and/or raw materials. At the moment, a lot is going on at once and these influences are reinforcing each other.
Roughly speaking, we see the following happening:
- Limited naphtha (and ethylene) supply due to lower oil production as a result of lower oil consumption (Covid) and the exceptionally low oil prices earlier in 2020
- Scaled-down production (and planned maintenance) at polymer producers due to lower supply on the one hand and lower overall demand on the other
- Unexpected problems (e.g. start-up after maintenance) at some sites
- Production disruptions at petrochemical plants in the United States (US) due to extreme winter weather
- Logistical disruptions due to the global covid situation
- Limited imports into EU due to arbitrage by exporters in e.g. USA and Russia
- Rising demand for specific polymers, such as LDPE and LLDPE
These causes are explained separately below.
1. Limited naphtha supply
Due to the global COVID-19 pandemic, there is a lower demand for oil. This is partly due to less car traffic and less air traffic. Due to this decreasing demand, the price also fell and the refining of oil was scaled back. Naphtha, which is generated during the distillation of crude oil, is therefore also less available. Naphtha is the raw material for the production of ethylene, which in turn is the basis for the production of polyethylene. Since the demand for PE (especially LDPE and LLDPE) remains high, the low availability creates an imbalance in supply and demand. This results in a shortage, which in turn leads to price increases.
2. Scaled-down production (and planned maintenance) by polymer producers
Polymer producers were forced to scale down production and carry out maintenance due to lower availability of raw materials and lower overall demand for plastic products.
3. Unexpected problems (such as start-up after maintenance) at a number of locations
On a number of sites, the shutdown lasted longer than planned due to unexpected problems. The shortages in the supply of LDPE and LLDPE increased as a result.
4. Production disruptions at petrochemical plants in the United States (USA) due to extreme winter weather
The prolonged power outage at the time of extreme frost in the USA caused production lines and crackers to come to a standstill for a long period of time.
5. Logistical disruptions due to the global covid situation
Trade in Asia was partially paralysed in 2020, but this has been scaled up to the old level since the end of 2020. Unfortunately, shipping companies have not yet adjusted their capacity accordingly, says Transport en Logistiek Nederland (TLN). As a result, there is a large shortage of containers. Because of the large shortage of container capacity, transport prices have risen enormously and are not expected to fall any time soon.
6. Limited imports into EU due to arbitrage by exporters in e.g. USA and Russia
Unfortunately, Western Europe largely depends its supply on imports from e.g. America, Russia and the Middle East. As a result of Covid and an increase in the supply of secondary raw materials, the demand for primary raw materials in Europe decreased. In contrast, China experienced an early recovery from Covid and has experienced limited availability of secondary raw materials for some time. The need for primary raw materials therefore increased more strongly, especially in China, making it more interesting for many exporting countries to supply the available raw materials at more attractive prices to China and other Asian countries.
7. Increasing demand for specific polymers, such as LDPE and LLDPE
As mentioned before, the demand in Western Europe for LDPE and LLDPE actually remained high. This was mainly due to the changed consumer behaviour as a result of Covid. Think for example of the high demand for food packaging and more work in and around the house (gardening and DIY). Normally, demand tends to dip in December, but in 2020, influences such as the positive news around vaccines and an expected price increase in raw materials meant that PE processors actually sent in more orders.
Unfortunately, the perspective is still uncertain. Judging by the price of naphtha and the forecasts of market analysts, we should prepare for further increases in the coming weeks and months. Although many production sites seem to be starting up again gradually, we also see that there are still a number of producers who need to plan for backlogs. Shortages are therefore expected to persist for the foreseeable future.
KIVO has contractual agreements for the vast majority of its raw materials. This ensures that we are often given priority when it comes to reserving volumes. Unfortunately, a high premium still has to be paid and full availability is not guaranteed.
Do you have any questions after reading this article? Please get in touch with your contact person at KIVO or fill in the contact form below. We will do our best to get back to you on the same day.


Learning Performance vCenter
PowerCLI Module to Check CPU, Memory and Storage OverCommitment
Today we have a special guest post from Mathieu Buisson:
In a vSphere environment, resource overcommitment can be a blessing and a curse. It is a blessing because it allows to run more VMs per host and to fully utilize the physical resources provided by the ESXi hosts, but it becomes a curse when too much overcommitment impacts performance of the VMs.
Checking the overcommitment levels on one host is easy, especially for CPU and memory resources, with esxtop, but what if you want to monitor these for several hosts?
For a DRS cluster, it may make more sense to monitor the overcommitment of CPU and memory resources at the cluster level. Also, for capacity planning purposes, you may want to measure this at the datacenter level, or for all hosts in your vCenter environment.
I wrote a PowerCLI module which makes this quick and easy. It contains 3 simple cmdlets: Get-CPUOvercommit, Get-MemoryOvercommit and Get-StorageOvercommit. It is the.psm1 file available here.
How to get started
It is a module, so you need to load it in your PowerCLI session, using the cmdlet Import-Module, to make the cmdlets it contains available.
Or, you could do like the cool kids: put the module file in a folder located in your PSModulePath environment variable and let Powershell 3.0 (or later) automatically load it for you.
This cmdlet obtains the number of vCPUs and the number of physical CPU cores for one or more ESXi hosts and compares them to evaluate CPU overcommitment.
It measures an overcommitment ratio and percentage by comparing the number of vCPUs of all the running VMs for a given host and the number of physical cores on that host.
For a DRS cluster, you may want to use the -Cluster parameter, which provides aggregate values for the specified cluster:
The values may not be very representative (it is just a tiny lab for illustration purposes) but the key here is the value of "vCPU/Core ratio": lower than 1 means that there is no overcommitment and greater than 1 means that there is overcommitment.
The -VMHosts parameter of Get-CPUOvercommit takes pipeline input, so you can get exactly the hosts you are interested in, using Get-VMHost and then pipe them to Get-CPUOvercommit, and format the result as a table if you want:
This cmdlet obtains the physical RAM of one or more ESXi hosts and the memory presented to the VMs on the host (also known as vRAM). The property named "Total vRAM (GB)" includes all the VMs registered to the host, whereas "PoweredOn vRAM (GB)" includes only the running VMs.
Again, the overcommitment ratio takes only into account the running VMs.
It can be run without any parameter. In this case, it checks every host managed by the vCenter server(s) PowerCLI is connected to.
Storage overcommitment is different from CPU and memory overcommitment in that it is more about capacity than performance. But still, it needs to be monitored because a host of bad things happens when a datastore is full.
This storage overcommitment is possible only when there are thin provisioned VMDKs and this doesn't take into account thin provisioning at the LUN level, which may be provided by the storage array.
This cmdlet obtains the used space, provisioned space and capacity for one or more datastores (or a datastore cluster if the -Cluster parameter is used) and it compares the provisioned space with the capacity to measure storage overcommitment.
The provisioned space includes the space provisioned for all VMDKs, snapshots, linked clones, swap files and VM logs.
The -Datastore parameter takes pipeline input so, here is an example of selecting a specific set of datastores and piping them to Get-StorageOvercommit.
The 3 cmdlets of this module also have a -Quiet parameter. In "quiet mode", they only output a boolean value: "True" if there is overcommitment, "False" if not.
This can be useful to trigger some actions depending on whether there is overcommitment or not, most likely in a PowerCLI script.
This is pretty much all there is to it, but in case you want a detailed documentation for these cmdlets, it is only a "Get-Help" away.
Hope it is useful!
Mathieu Buisson
Mathieu is a support engineer in the French TLS team, providing technical support on vSphere to customers in the French market. He joined VMware in late 2012 and as part of VMware Support, is committed to deliver a great support to customers with their ESXi and vCenter-related issues.
On his spare time, he likes listening to noisy music, cycling and learning new IT products and technologies. He is a fervent Powershell advocate and PowerCLI enthusiast.
11 comments have been added so far
 1. Hi Brian and Mathieu,
 Thanks for sharing such a great script. However, it doesn't work when I execute it under my PowerGUI console session as follows:
 Import-Module -Name "C:\Users\Administrator\Documents\WindowsPowerShell\Modules\Add-on.VMware-OverCommitment\Add-on.VMware-OverCommitmentScript.psm1"
 Get-CPUOvercommit -Cluster "Production"
 it returns with long error message:
 Unable to find type [ordered]: make sure that the assembly containing this type is loaded.
 At C:\Users\Administrator\Documents\WindowsPowerShell\Modules\Add-on.VMware-OverCommitment\Add-on.VMware-OverCommitmentScript.psm1:74 char:50
 + $OvercommitInfoProperties = [ordered] <<<< @{'ESXi Host'=$VMhost.Name
 + CategoryInfo : InvalidOperation: (ordered:String) [], RuntimeException
 + FullyQualifiedErrorId : TypeNotFound
 New-Object : Cannot validate argument on parameter 'Property'. The argument is null or empty. Supply an argument that is not null or empty and then try the command again.
 At C:\Users\Administrator\Documents\WindowsPowerShell\Modules\Add-on.VMware-OverCommitment\Add-on.VMware-OverCommitmentScript.psm1:83 char:73
 + $OvercommitInfoObj = New-Object -TypeName PSObject -Property <<<< $OvercommitInfoProperties
 + CategoryInfo : InvalidData: (:) [New-Object], ParameterBindingValidationException
 + FullyQualifiedErrorId : ParameterArgumentValidationError,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.NewObjectCommand
 Any idea of how to load the script properly?
 1. [ordered] is to guarantee the order in a hash table and it is a new feature introduced in Powershell version 3.
 Can you check the value of $PSVersionTable.PSVersion to make sure this is using Powershell version 3 or later?
 If yes, and if you encounter this issue only in PowerGUI, then it seems that PowerGUI is confused by the square brackets and tries to look for a.NET class called "Ordered".
 This doesn't work because [ordered] is not a.NET class but it is more like a hint for the Powershell interpreter.
 In this case, you might have to try a more recent version of PowerGUI or remove all the occurrences of "[ordered]" from the script.
 The only issue if [ordered] is removed from the script is that the order of the properties of the output object will not be guaranteed.
 This means you might get : 'Total vCPUs', 'CPU Overcommit (%)', 'ESXi Host', 'CPU Cores', and 'PoweredOn vCPUs' in this order, or any other order.
 2. It would be great ito update this script so it can take Get-Cluster as a pipeline argument or work with "-Cluster *" parameter to show all cluster.
 1. Hi Greg,
 Great idea!
 Adding pipeline input for the -Cluster parameter and the ability to process more than one cluster makes a lot of sense.
 However, this forces the -Cluster parameter to take objects of the type VMware.VimAutomation.ViCore.Impl.V1.Inventory.ClusterImpl and removes the ability to give it a simple string, which some users might prefer…
 Anyway, I will work on that and add a reply to your to comment to let you know.
 3. 1) Is there a command so I can have the CPU and MEMORY overcommit in one screen? So 1 table which lists me the host with all the CPU en MEM overcommit details?
 2) I have multiple ESX clusters, is there a way to add the cluster field to which the host belongs?
 4. Thanks a lot for putting that powercli module together! I integrated that module also into our OpBot, so you can run it out of slack chat 🙂 Please send me an email if you want to test it yourself.
 5. This gave me wacky results – 3 identical Hosts each with 2 x Sockets with 6 cores each & HT = 24 vCPU
 When i ran this against those 3 to format-table it told me that they had 24, 36 & 48 vCPU respectively??
Leave a Reply


text:
Abraham FraunceArticle Free Pass
Fraunce was educated at Shrewsbury and at St. John's College, Cambridge, where his Latin comedy Victoria, dedicated to Sidney, was probably written. He was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1588 and then apparently practiced in the court of the Welsh marches. After the death of Sidney, Fraunce was sponsored by Sidney's sister Mary Herbert, countess of Pembroke. His last work was published in 1592, and nothing more is known until his death in 1633.
Fraunce's critical textbook Arcadian Rhetorike (1588) illustrates each precept with a quotation, often from the poetry of Sir Philip Sidney and from Edmund Spenser's Faerie Queene, indicating these two poets' contemporary fame, though their chief works were still unprinted. He also wrote The Lawiers Logike (1588), illustrating logic in law, and The Countesse of Pembrokes Emanuel (1591), a book of verse. Fraunce was a determined classicist and wrote all his English verse in classical hexameters, making his poetry rather awkward and unreadable.
What made you want to look up "Abraham Fraunce"? Please share what surprised you most...

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


like washing machines, telephone lines, and the Internet. However, note that there are still many Ibans who choose to live in their native lands. Sadly, these rural areas lack basic necessities such as running water and electricity.
Despite the fact that the Iban people speak various dialects that are divided according to the locations where they reside, the dialects are usually mutually intelligible.
An elderly Iban man using the blowpipe.
Image via.travel3sixty
One of the most notable festivals that the Ibans and other Dayak people celebrate would be Gawai Dayak, an annual festival that falls on 1 June
Traditional dance performances during Gawai celebration.
Image via Sarawak Focus
Gawai Dayak literally translates into 'Dayak Festival' and it is a harvest festival that celebrates harmony, unity, and the end of the harvest season, while ushering in another season of bountiful goodness.
Preparations for Gawai Dayak begins on 31 May, where the celebrations typically start with a ceremony called 'Muai Antu Rua' to cast away the spirit of greediness, thus signifying the non-interference of the spirit of bad luck in the upcoming celebrations.
At the stroke of midnight, a gong is sounded and the tuai rumah (the chief of the longhouse) will lead everyone to make a toast, wishing each other 'gayu-guru, gerai nyamai' (long life, health, and prosperity).
What follows is a number of activities and celebrations including dancing coupled with traditional music, poetry recitals, cock-fighting, blowpipe demonstrations, and ngajat competitions, to name a few. A variety of traditional dishes such as penganan iri (discus-shaped cake made out of rice flour, coconut milk, and sugar) and ayam pansuh (chicken cooked in bamboo) too will be served.
The Ibans also celebrate other festivals including festivals for war, procreation, health, healing, and weaving rituals.
Note: While the Iban ancestors have practiced animistic beliefs for centuries now, there are quite a number of them that have turned to mainly Christianity, and a smaller group that has converted to Islam. Despite the conversion, the Iban people are mostly known to respect their cultural festivals and typically return to their ancestral villages to participate in these festivals, like Gawai Dayak.
Apart from headhunting, the Ibans are also well known for their intricately designed, hand-tapped tattoos
Image via rahmangusdur
They believe that the tattoos have protective powers in the form of charms that are given by antu (spirits) through dreams, when one is asleep. Ibans without tattoos are believed to be virtually invisible to gods, as the spirits attached to these tattoos allow the men to be seen by their gods.
The Iban community believe that the traditional hand-tapped tattoos have the ability to intimidate evil spirit and is a language on its own. The tattoos are usually the combination of human, animal, and plant images in a single design, expressing the integration of all living things in the world.
The most basic type of Iban tattoo is the bunga terung design, which is usually the first tattoo that a man gets before going on his bejalai or coming-of-age ceremony.
2. Bidayuh - the second largest Dayak ethnic group in Sarawak
The 'ring ladies' of Sarawak.
Image via Mohd Rasfan/AFP
The Bidayuh, also known as the 'Land Dayak', is the second largest indigenous group in Sarawak. Bidayuh means 'inhabitants of the land' and they make up about 8% of the Sarawak population.
Concentrated mainly on the far west of Sarawak, most rural Bidayuh villages can be found in the rural areas of Lundu, Bau, Padawan, Siburan, Penrissen, and Serian. The rural Bidayuh community traditionally practice shifting rice cultivation, however, in recent times, they have moved to be involved with producing cash crops like rubber, cocoa, pepper, and palm oil.
The Bidayuh community speak a number of different dialects that falls under the Biatah language, including Sadong, Singai-Jagoi, Salako, and Lara to name a few.
Like the Ibans and most other indigenous communities, the Bidayuhs are traditionally animists but in the recent years, a large number of them have adopted the Christian faith.
If the Ibans are known for their beautiful traditional tattoos, then Bidayuhs can be identified by their majestic ruyang and rusung - coiled rings made out of copper and brass that are worn on the forearms and calves, respectively. Among the Semban people, (a sub-tribe of the Bidayuhs) the coiled rings signified beauty and status in the olden days.
Image via Mohd Rasfan/AFP
3. Orang Ulu - an ethnic group in Sarawak that includes the Penans and Lun Bawang people
A Penan family, photographed at their temporary settlement, *sulap*
Image via The Golden Scope
Orang Ulu is the fourth largest ethnic group in Sarawak and they make up about 6.7% of the Sarawak population.
However, Orang Ulu is not a legal term and such a racial group does not exist. It is a phrase that was coined and popularised by a minority association known as 'Orang Ulu National Association' (OUNA) to collectively describe around 27 small, yet ethnically diverse tribes in northeastern Sarawak, including the Apo-Kayan, Kenyah, Kelabit, Lun Bawang, Kayan, and the shy and semi-nomadic Penan people.
Orang Ulu who live in the region above Kapit and the Pelagus Rapids are known as the 'upriver people' and the group consists of the Kayans, Kenyahs, Kajangs, Lahanans, and the Punans. The Kayan sub-ethnic group is the largest and there are about 28,000 of them in Sarawak.
The Kelabit community can mostly be found in the Kelabit Highlands, in the northernmost part of Sarawak, located about 100km southeast of Gunung Mulu in Bario. The Kelabits and their neighbouring Lun Bawang people produce the fragrant, sought-after Bario rice which is cultivated by hand with no pesticides or herbicides.
One of the most distinct features of the Orang Ulu community lies in their beautiful, artistic wood carvings that can usually be seen in their tall longhouses. They are known for the intricate art of bead work, tattoos, weaving, and for the creation of the plucked boat-shaped lute instrument, sape.
The Penans are some of the world's last hunter-gatherers, with a chunk of the community still roaming the rainforests of Sarawak, hunting for wild boars and deer with their blowpipes, made from the Belian Tree. These blowpipes usually come with poison darts made from the bark of Tajem trees which is said to have the ability to kill humans within minutes, if hit by it.
A large number of the people under Orang Ulu ethnic group are Christians but animism based traditional religions are still practised, especially by the older generations.
4. Melanau - believed to be one of the earliest settlers in Sarawak
The Melanau tall longhouse.
Image via Journey Malaysia
Also known as the A-Likou (river people), there are around 123,410 Melanau people, making it the fifth largest ethnic group in Sabah.
Sarawak's south-central coastal wetlands between Bintulu and the Rajang River has been the traditional territory of the Melanau people for centuries, concentrated in areas such as Oya and Mukah. They speak the Melanau language, which has more than 10 dialects under it.
The Melanaus were traditionally farmers, fishermen, and traders but they were most popular for the cultivation of sago palms. Some were even regarded as skilled boat builders.
One of the most unique aspects of the Melanau community is their traditional tall houses which are usually built about 40 feet above ground. It mainly served as a sort of protection against pirate attacks at the coastal areas they used to live at and to ensure that the house doesn't get flooded. It was both functional and aesthetically pleasing!
Animism is the traditional religion of the Melanau people but major parts of the community has converted to Islam, except for most people Melanaus in Mukah and Dalat that have become Christians.
The Melanaus traditionally celebrate Kaul, which is an annual cleansing festival when uninvited spirits and other bad influences are escorted out of the villages via boats and ceremonial offerings of food, cigarettes, and betel nut were are laid out on the seraheng (decorated poles) at the river mouth.
The festival usually falls in March or early April and it also serves as a way for the community to thank and appease the spirits of the sea, land, forests, and farm.
Meanwhile, in Sabah, Kadazan-Dusun, Bajau, and Murut are three of the largest indigenous groups in the state:
1. Kadazan-Dusun - the largest indigenous ethnic group in Sabah
A Kadazan-Dusun man
Image via nyenyedzi
Kadazan-Dusun people make up about 25% of Sabah's population and they are made up of two groups - Kad


text:
Student Equity Committee
What is Student Equity?
Purpose of the Equity Committee
The Equity Committee is advisory to appropriate college bodies regarding student equity issues and efforts. These bodies include the Student Services Council, Academic Senate, ASGC, and Presidents Council. It is a joint committee of administration, faculty, classified staff and students. The roles of the Committee for Student Equity include:
1. To create and update the current student equity plan in consultation with appropriate campus bodies and constituencies in accordance with the California Code of Regulations Title 5, Section 54220 in the areas of access, course completion, basic skills and transfer.
2. To gather data and identify target populations related to student equity that are unique to our college and community.
3. To make recommendations to college bodies and administration on matters pertaining to improving student equity, access and achievement.
4. To raise awareness of cultural competency, spectrum of diversity and the imperative of equity in our college community.
5. To evaluate and allocate resources to meet the needs of disproportionately impacted populations
Intent of the Student Equity Plan
The intent of the Student Equity plan is to meet the provision required by the California Community College Chancellors Office to ensure equitable educational outcomes and equal educational opportunities that promote success for all students regardless of race, gender, disability or economic circumstance. According to the Community College Chancellors Office Student Equity is defined as helping students achieve equal outcomes on success indicators as compared to either their own percentages in the community or college student body, or to other student groups. The five indicators include access, course completion, E.S.L. and Basic Skills completion, degree and certificate completion, and transfer. The following outlines the findings of Gavilan Colleges Office of Institutional Research in exploring the inequities that exist at Gavilan College as they relate to the five indicators.


libsolv-pool (3) - Linux Man Pages
libsolv-pool: Libsolv's pool object
libsolv-pool - Libsolv's pool object
void *appdata
A no-purpose pointer free to use for the library user. Freeing the pool simply discards the pointer.
Stringpool ss
The pool of unified strings.
Reldep *rels
The pool of unified relation dependencies.
int nrels
Number of allocated relation dependencies.
Repo **repos
The array of repository pointers, indexed by repository Id.
int nrepos
Number of allocated repository array elements, i.e. the size of the repos array.
int urepos
Number of used (i.e. non-zero) repository array elements.
Repo *installed
Pointer to the repo holding the installed packages. You are free to read this attribute, but you should use pool_set_installed() if you want to change it.
Solvable *solvables
The array of Solvable objects.
int nsolvables
Number of Solvable objects, i.e. the size of the solvables array. Note that the array may contain freed solvables, in that case the repo pointer of the solvable will be zero.
int disttype
The distribution type of your system, e.g. DISTTYPE_DEB. You are free to read this attribute, but you should use pool_setdisttype() if you want to change it.
Id *whatprovidesdata
Multi-purpose Id storage holding zero terminated arrays of Ids. pool_whatprovides() returns an offset into this data.
Map *considered
Optional bitmap that can make the library ignore solvables. If a bitmap is set, only solvables that have a set bit in the bitmap at their Id are considered usable.
int debugmask
A mask that defines which debug events should be reported. pool_setdebuglevel() sets this mask.
Datapos pos
An object storing some position in the repository data. Functions like dataiterator_set_pos() set this object, accessing data with a pseudo solvable Id of SOLVID_POS uses it.
Queue pooljobs
A queue where fixed solver jobs can be stored. This jobs are automatically added when solver_solve() is called, they are useful to store configuration data like which packages should be multiversion installed.
Pool *pool_create();
Create a new instance of a pool.
void pool_free(Pool *pool);
Free a pool and all of the data it contains, e.g. the solvables, repositories, strings.
Report the error and call "exit(1)" afterwards. You cannot mask this level. Reports to stderr instead of stdout.
Used to report errors. Reports to stderr instead of stdout.
Used to report warnings.
Used to report statistical data.
Used to report information about the solver's creation of rules.
Used to report information about the solver's unit rule propagation process.
Used to report information about the solver's learnt rule generation mechanism.
Used to report information about the solver dealing with conflicting rules.
Used to report information about the solver creating solutions to solve problems.
Used to report information about the solver searching for an optimal solution.
Used by the debug functions to output results.
Used to report information about the job rule generation process.
Used to report information about what the solver is currently doing.
Used to report information about the transaction generation and ordering process.
Write debug messages to stderr instead of stdout.
void pool_debug(Pool *pool, int type, const char *format,...);
Report a message of the type type. You can filter debug messages by setting a debug mask.
void pool_setdebuglevel(Pool *pool, int level);
Set a predefined debug mask. A higher level generally means more bits in the mask are set, thus more messages are printed.
void pool_setdebugmask(Pool *pool, int mask);
Set the debug mask to filter debug messages.
int pool_error(Pool *pool, int ret, const char *format,...);
Set the pool's error string. The ret value is simply used as a return value of the function so that you can write code like return pool_error(...);. If the debug mask contains the SOLV_ERROR bit, pool_debug() is also called with the message and type SOLV_ERROR.
extern char *pool_errstr(Pool *pool);
Return the current error string stored in the pool. Like with the libc's errno value, the string is only meaningful after a function returned an error.
void pool_setdebugcallback(Pool *pool, void (*debugcallback)(Pool *, void *data, int type, const char *str), void *debugcallbackdata);
Set a custom debug callback function. Instead of writing to stdout or stderr, the callback function will be called.
Used for systems which use rpm as low level package manager.
Used for systems which use dpkg as low level package manager.
Used for systems which use the arch linux package manager.
Used for systems which use haiku packages.
Promote the epoch of the providing dependency to the requesting dependency if it does not contain an epoch. Used at some time in old rpm versions, modern systems should never need this.
Disallow the installation of packages that conflict with themselves. Debian always allows self-conflicting packages, rpm used to forbid them but switched to also allowing them recently.
Make obsolete type dependency match against provides instead of just the name and version of packages. Very old versions of rpm used the name/version, then it got switched to provides and later switched back again to just name/version.
An implicit obsoletes is the internal mechanism to remove the old package on an update. The default is to remove all packages with the same name, rpm-5 switched to also removing packages providing the same name.
Rpm's multilib implementation (used in RedHat and Fedora) distinguishes between 32bit and 64bit packages (the terminology is that they have a different color). If obsoleteusescolors is set, packages with different colors will not obsolete each other.
Same as POOL_FLAG_OBSOLETEUSESCOLORS, but used to find out if packages of the same name can be installed in parallel. For current Fedora systems, POOL_FLAG_OBSOLETEUSESCOLORS should be false and POOL_FLAG_IMPLICITOBSOLETEUSESCOLORS should be true (this is the default if FEDORA is defined when libsolv is compiled).
New versions of rpm consider the obsoletes of installed packages when checking for dependency, thus you may not install a package that is obsoleted by some other installed package, unless you also erase the other package.
Mandriva added a new field called distepoch that gets checked in version comparison if the epoch/version/release of two packages are the same.
If a package is installed in multiversionmode, rpm used to ignore both the implicit obsoletes and the obsolete dependency of a package. This was changed to ignoring just the implicit obsoletes, thus you may install multiple versions of the same name, but obsoleted packages still get removed.
Make the addfileprovides method only add files from the standard locations (i.e. the "bin" and "etc" directories). This is useful if you have only few packages that use non-standard file dependencies, but you still want the fast speed that addfileprovides() generates.
int pool_setdisttype(Pool *pool, int disttype);
Set the package type of your system. The disttype is used for example to define package comparison semantics. Libsolv's default disttype should match the package manager of your system, so you only need to use this function if you want to use the library to solve packaging problems for different systems. The Function returns the old disttype on success, and -1 if the new disttype is not supported.
int pool_set_flag(Pool *pool, int flag, int value);
Set a flag to a new value. Returns the old value of the flag.
int pool_get_flag(Pool *pool, int flag);
Get the value of a pool flag. See the constants section about the meaning of the flags.
void pool_set_rootdir(Pool *pool, const char *rootdir);
Set a specific root directory. Some library functions support a flag that tells the function to prepend the rootdir to file and directory names.
const char *pool_get_rootdir(Pool *pool);
Return the current value of the root directory.
char *pool_prepend_rootdir(Pool *pool, const char *dir);
Prepend the root directory to the dir argument string. The returned string has been newly allocated and needs to be freed after use.
char *pool_prepend_rootdir_tmp(Pool *pool, const char *dir);
Same as pool_prepend_rootdir, but uses the pool's temporary space for allocation.
void pool_set_installed(Pool *pool, Repo *repo);
Set which repository should be treated as the "installed" repository, i.e. the one that holds information about the installed packages.
void pool_set_languages(Pool *pool, const char **languages, int nlanguages);
Set the language of your system. The library provides lookup functions that return localized strings, for example for package descriptions. You can set an array of languages to provide a fallback mechanism if one language is not available.
void pool_setarch(Pool *pool, const char *arch);
Set the architecture of your system. The architecture is used to determine which packages are installable and which packages cannot be installed. The arch argument is normally the "machine" value of the "uname" system call.
void pool_setarchpolicy(Pool *, const char *);
Set the architecture policy for your system. This is the general version of pool_setarch (in fact pool_setarch calls pool_setarchpolicy internally). See the section about architecture policies for more information.
void pool


be applicable in certain situations, i.e. when you don't need the tree afterwards anymore.
By extension, you could build another binary tree as you destroy the first one. You would need some memory micromanagement to make sure that peak memory never exceeds the size of the original tree plus perhaps a little constant. This would likely have quite some computing overhead, though.
EDIT: There is a way! You can use the nodes themselves to light the way back up the tree by temporarily reversing them. As you visit a node, you point its left-child pointer to its parent, its right-child pointer to the last time you took a right turn on your path (which is to be found in the parent's right-child pointer at this moment), and store its real children either in the now-redundant parent's right-child pointer or in your traversal state resp. the next visited children's left-child pointer. You need to keep some pointers to the current node and its vicinity, but nothing "non-local". As you get back up the tree, you reverse the process.
I hope I could make this somehow clear; this is just a rough sketch. You'll have to look it up somewhere (I am sure that this is mentioned somewhere in The Art of Computer Programming).
share|improve this answer
+1, I commented on this method more with a reference to your answer in my answer. – Brian R. Bondy Apr 26 '09 at 16:27
Ingenious, but appalling. Just have an up pointer in each element. It is so much simpler, less painful and is well-understood and well-recognized. – user82238 May 21 '09 at 22:16
add comment
Pointers from nodes to their ancestors can be had with no (well, two bits per node) additional storage using a structure called a threaded tree. In a threaded tree, null links are represented by a bit of state rather than a null pointer. Then, you can replace the null links with pointers to other nodes: left links point to the successor node in an inorder traversal, and right links to the predecessor. Here is a Unicode-heavy diagram (X represents a header node used to control the tree):
 ╭─────────────────────────▶┏━━━┯━━━┯━━▼┓│ │
 │ ╭─╂─ │ X │ ─╂╯ │
 │ ▼ ┗━━━┷━━━┷━━━┛ │
 │ ┏━━━┯━━━┯━━━┓ │
 │ ╭────╂─ │ A │ ─╂──╮ │
 │ ▼ ┗━━━┷━━━┷━━━┛ │ │
 │ ┏━━━┯━━━┯━━━┓ ▲ │ ┏━━━┯━━━┯━━━┓ │
 │ ╭─╂─ │ B │ ─╂────┤ ├────────╂─ │ C │ ─╂───────╮ │
 │ ▼ ┗━━━┷━━━┷━━━┛ │ ▼ ┗━━━┷━━━┷━━━┛ ▼ │
 │┏━━━┯━━━┯━━━┓ ▲ │ ┏━━━┯━━━┯━━━┓ ▲ ┏━━━┯━━━┯━━━┓ │
 ╰╂─ │ D │ ─╂─╯ ╰───╂ │ E │ ─╂╮ │ ╭╂─ │ F │ ─╂╮ │
 ┗━━━┷━━━┷━━━┛ ┗━━━┷━━━┷━━━┛▼ │ ▼┗━━━┷━━━┷━━━┛▼ │
 ▲ ┏━━━┯━━━┯━━━┓ │ ┏━━━┯━━━┯━━━┓ ▲ ┏━━━┯━━━┯━━━┓│
 ╰─╂─ │ G │ ╂──┴─╂─ │ H │ ─╂─┴─╂─ │ J │ ─╂╯
Once you have the structure, doing an inorder traversal is very, very easy:
 p points to a node. This routine finds the successor of p in
 an inorder traversal and returns a pointer to that node
 If p.rtag = 0 Then
 While q.ltag = 0 Do
 End While
 End If
 Return q
Lots more information on threaded trees can be found in Art of Computer Programming Ch.2 §3.1 or scattered around the Internet.
share|improve this answer
And it's O(n) aux storage ;) – LeakyCode Apr 26 '09 at 16:28
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You can achieve this if nodes have pointers to their parents. When you walk back up the tree (using the parent pointers) you also pass the node you're coming from. If the node you're coming from is the left child of the node you're now at, then you traverse the right child. Otherwise you walk back up to it's parent.
EDIT in response to the edit in the question: If you want to iterate through the whole tree, then no this is not possible. In order to climb back up the tree you need to know where to go. However, if you just want to iterate through a single path down the tree then this can be achieved in O(1) additional space. Just iterate down the tree using a while loop, keeping a single pointer to the current node. Continue down the tree until you either find the node you want or hit a leaf node.
EDIT: Here's code for the first algorithm (check the iterate_constant_space() function and compare to the results of the standard iterate() function):
_TAG_
_TAG_
using namespace std;
/* Implementation of a binary search tree. Nodes are ordered by key, but also
 * store some data.
struct BinarySearchTree {
 int key; // they key by which nodes are ordered
 string data; // the data stored in nodes
 BinarySearchTree *parent, *left, *right; // parent, left and right subtrees
 /* Initialise the root
 BinarySearchTree(int k, string d, BinarySearchTree *p = NULL)
 : key(k), data(d), parent(p), left(NULL), right(NULL) {};
 /* Insert some data
 void insert(int k, string d);
 /* Searches for a node with the given key. Returns the corresponding data
 * if found, otherwise returns None."""
 string search(int k);
 void iterate();
 void iterate_constant_space();
 void visit();
void BinarySearchTree::insert(int k, string d) {
 if (k <= key) { // Insert into left subtree
 if (left == NULL)
 // Left subtree doesn't exist yet, create it
 left = new BinarySearchTree(k, d, this);
 // Left subtree exists, insert into it
 left->insert(k, d);
 } else { // Insert into right subtree, similar to above
 if (right == NULL)
 right = new BinarySearchTree(k, d, this);
 right->insert(k, d);
string BinarySearchTree::search(int k) {
 if (k == key) // Key is in this node
 return data;
 else if (k < key && left) // Key would be in left subtree, which exists
 return left->search(k); // Recursive search
 else if (k > key && right)
 return right->search(k);
 return "NULL";
void BinarySearchTree::visit() {
 printf("Visiting node %d storing data %s\n", key, data.c_str());
void BinarySearchTree::iterate() {
 if (left) left->iterate();
 if (right) right->iterate();
void BinarySearchTree::iterate_constant_space() {
 BinarySearchTree *current = this, *from = NULL;
 while (current!= this || from == NULL) {
 while (current->left) {
 current = current->left;
 if (current->right) {
 current = current->right;
 from = current;
 current = current->parent;
 if (from == current->left) {
 current = current->right;
 } else {
 while (from!= current->left && current!= this) {
 from = current;
 current = current->parent;
 if (current == this && from == current->left && current->right) {
 current = current->right;
int main() {
 BinarySearchTree tree(5, "five");
 tree.insert(7, "seven");
 tree.insert(9, "nine");
 tree.insert(1, "one");
 tree.insert(2, "two");
 printf("%s\n", tree.search(3).c_str());
 printf("%s\n", tree.search(1).c_str());
 printf("%s\n", tree.search(9).c_str());
 // Duplicate keys produce unexpected results
 tree.insert(7, "second seven");
 printf("%s\n", tree.search(7).c_str());
 printf("Normal iteration:\n");
 printf("Constant space iteration:\n");
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A capsule network is a kind of shorthand term for a specific kind of neural network pioneered by Stanford scientist Geoffrey Hinton. In the capsule network, specific methodology is applied to image processing to try to affect an understanding of objects from a three-dimensional spectrum.
To understand capsule networks or what Hinton has called the "dynamic routing between capsules" algorithm, it is important to understand convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Convolutional neural networks have done an amazing job of helping computers to assemble features in image processing to understand pictures in some of the same ways that humans do. Complex sets of filtering, pooling and scaling layers help to achieve detailed results. But CNNs are not good at understanding an image from various three-dimensional views.
Hinton's concept is that algorithms such as dynamic routing between capsules can use reverse rendering to break down objects and understand the relationships of their views from various three-dimensional angles. Experts point out that progress in computing power and data storage has made items like capsule networks possible. These interesting ideas form the basis for some current groundbreaking research into more powerful AI.


text:
The Relationship between Fruit Juice and Health essay
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The Relationship between Fruit Juice and Health. Custom The Relationship between Fruit Juice and Health Essay Writing Service || The Relationship between Fruit Juice and Health Essay samples, help
In America, 1 out of 6 children is obese or at a risk of becoming obese (Ogden & Carroll, 2006). In practice, overweight children are likely to become obese in their adult lives. The USDA's 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommended juices for consumption when in need of substituting whole fruits. For example, 100% fruit juice is highly nutritious as well as beneficial to healthy living. However, the US Department of Agriculture found that a bigger percentage of the population consumed less than fifty percent of the recommended levels.
The Juice Products Association supported the juice industry in endorsing the Academy of Pediatrics' (AAP) recommendations regarding the maximum daily consumption of 100% fruit juice among children. The AAP advised that children between the age of one and six should consume four to six ounces of natural juice, and 12 ounces are for those between the age of 7 and 18.
During the transition time from liquid to solid foods, 100% fruit juice is among the top three sources of carbohydrates (Skinner, Ziegler & Ponza, 2004). Approximately, one out of five infants consumes fruit juice before they turn six months old (Briefel, Reidy, Karwe et al., 2004). The consumption of 100% fresh juice and fruit-flavored drinks could contribute to generating excess energy. In such an event, there is a possibility of displacing nutrient-dense foods in the diets of children. This realization supports the position that the role of fruit juice in becoming overweight is controversial.
Consuming sugary juices or other drinks is closely related to the emergence of health concerns. The concerns include type 2 diabetes, obesity, low nutrient levels, and dental caries (James, Thomas, Cavan & Kerr, 2004). Various experimental researches have supported a causal connection between sugared juices and the above conditions. Most soft drinks including fruit juices are preserved using various chemicals which also pose a health hazard. For instance, the use of sodium benzoate has been linked to hyperactivity and DNA damage (James et al., 2004). Other substances in fruit juices have negative effects, although their small percentages reduce their negative effects to consumers.
Conducting a meta-analysis of eighty-eight studies confirmed that the consumption of fruit juices corresponds with a decline in the intake of milk, vitamin D, vitamin B12, vitamin B6, proteins, and calcium among other micronutrients (Heaney & Rafferty, 2001). Since micronutrients such as phosphorous and calcium are important in bone formation, their deficiency undermines the normal development of the human body. Moreover, the creation of an imbalance between calcium and phosphate would herald a degeneration of bone mass (Heaney & Rafferty, 2001).
The production of juice from fruits is an ancient practice. When ripening, a bigger percentage of fruits soften to a level where their transportation or handling becomes complicated. Thus, transforming them into juice becomes a plausible way to store or consume them. Early hunters and gatherers easily consumed fruit juices or collected juicy fruits and stored them in containers for future use. However, the storage period was limited. A lengthy storage was possible in cold temperatures.
Using the trial and error method, people learned that they could extract juices from various fruits (Brock, Berry, Mock et al., 1988). At the same time, people learned to distinguish between nutritious and toxic fruits. Through the art of tool making, it was possible to manufacture tools that were used to macerate fruits paving the way for extraction of juices. Similarly, containers to store juices were designed and developed using local resources. Most notably, the tools were made from plant fiber, clay, wood, and animal skin.
The perishable characteristic of fruit juices was instrumental in consumption of juices (Ghanim, Sia, Upadhyay et al., 2010). In warm climates, fruits had to be consumed within twenty-four hours of production. Some alternative options for preservation included chilling or freezing. In ancient times, it was found that the consumption of juice had some mysterious effects. It also emerged that fruits that were stored for longer periods slowly turned acidic or developed different tastes. Later, the domestication of grapes facilitated the use of vinegar as a preservative.
With the growth and development of agriculture, it became increasingly possible to cultivate fruit trees. Hence, there was a reliable supply of fruits guaranteeing the continued production of fruit juice. From early on, fruits intended for juicing were kept until the moment of juicing (Kurowska, Spence, Jordan et al., 2000). This ancient practice continues to date.
With time, the nature of life has changed. During the early times, pure fruit was used. However, as life became more sedentary leading to the settlement of people, cultivation was possible. Further developments resulting in the emergence of industrialized societies witnessed changes in lifestyles. People became more willing to consume manufactured products, since it was cheaper to buy than to produce (Franke, Cooney, Henning & Custer, 2005). As time went by, manufacturers who were intent on making big profits began reducing the pure juice content. Typically, they began replacing the pure fruit syrup with other chemicals.
However, health concerns rising from the consumption of chemically produced fruit juices have attracted much attention, since this coincided with the rise in unhealthy conditions among consumers (Uzcudun, Retolaza, Fernández et al., 2004). Although there are several aspects associated with the consumption of chemically processed juices, obesity, heart diseases, and bone diseases rank highly (AmericanAcademy of Pediatrics Committee on Nutrition, 2001). This has contributed to a reversal of trends as the preference for 100% fruit juice gains dominance.
The main component of fruit juice is water. The water is derived from intracellular fluid of fruits. This water is important in metabolic processes as well as the preservation of cell turgor. The level of water varies depending on the fruit type. Another important substance is the nonaqueous portion which has several unidentified compounds such as natural sugars, sugar polymers, and so on (AmericanAcademy of Pediatrics Committee on Nutrition, 2001). These components are also useful to the body.
Apart from avocado, olive, oil palm fruit, ackee, other fruits have very low lipid content (Hollis, Houchins & Blumberg, 2009). In most cases, the content is less than five percent. The presence of low levels of lipids explains why fruit juice has a low caloric effect in diets (O'Neil, Nicklas & Kleinman, 2010). This also explains why consumers of fruit juice are less likely to embrace fat diets.
Phytochemicals are a group of compounds found in functional foods. Also known as nutraceuticals, phytochemicals are significant in preventing or delaying the emergence of chronic diseases (O'Neil, Nicklas & Kleinman, 2010). In other words, this substance is critical as it has benefits that extend beyond the traditional nutrients found in food.
Fruit Juice Environment
Safety is an aspect that must be considered in all industries. Lapses in the preparation of drinks have serious repercussions (Andrea, Sanigorski, Colin & Boyd, 2006). Specifically, consumers are likely to suffer from possible lapses. Companies could also suffer greatly in the event that poor/defective products get to the market. In most industrialized countries, lapses in the preparation of any type of food are heavily punished.
The combination of food ingredients, raw fruit, and juice preparation methods allow the producers an opportunity to alter both the value and price of the products (Myles, Dennison, Edmunds & Stratton, 2006). Another tempting aspect involved in the industry is the ease with which players can alter juices, which is an aspect that raises ethical concerns. However, advancements in technology, especially in analytical chemistry, allow experts to detect issues bordering on adulteration.
Unethical practices in the production of juice pose an array of dangers (AmericanAcademy of Pediatrics Committee on Nutrition, 2001). For instance, using poisonous ingredients in the preparation of juices has been detected. However, this aspect is becoming under advanced control as countries move to monitor the production process of juices. This highlights the idea that deception is an issue that affects the fruit juice industry. Fresh, unpasteurized juices pose another concern which is pathogenic microorganisms' contamination.
Quality concerns are some of the aspects that have featured prominently in the production and distribution of fruit juice (AmericanAcademy of Pediatrics Committee on Nutrition, 2001). Although products could be safe, they might also be fraudulent. For instance, selling a product with misleading labels such as having labels stating that a product is pure fruit juice while it is not true might arise. In a bid to limit such practices, the development of regulations is preferred. As such, regulations cover aspects of processing, percentages of fruit content, soluble solids, added substances, and acid levels.
In addition, the regulators could advise on flavors, consistency, color, and absence of deviations from standards (Dai, Borenstein, Wu et al., 2006). In regard to matters of large volume processing of fruit juice, specific standards are set for both users and suppliers. For instance, the Florida Department of Citrus is the state's controlling agency. It sets the standards which industry operators must observe.
Juice manufacturing has attracted much attention in industrialized


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In order to explore the suitability of continuous3 H- TdR infusion into pregnant rats for radiotoxicity studies in the offspring, the incorporation of tritium into the developing animals has been studied by biochemical means. In the offspring, the total incorporated activity (μCi/g wet weight) and the specific activity of DNA (μCi/mg DNA) show a direct relationship to the tritium activity applied to mothers. The distribution of activity between DNA and acid soluble fraction is organ specific, but independent of the activity applied. The slopes of the regression lines for DNA specific activity are organ specific. These facts have to be taken into consideration when dose calculations are attempted. On the other hand, the direct relationship between activity applied to mothers and the incorporation into the offspring establishes the system of continuous3 H- TdR infusion into pregnant rats as a suitable model to study3 H- TdR toxicity in mammalian cells under conditions in which all cell nuclei are exposed to DNA-bound tritium.
Distribution and Dosimetry of Tritium in Newborn Rats after in Utero Exposure to3 H- TdR
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W. Schreml, R. J. Haas, F. Planas-Bohne, B. Steinhardt, J. Schleyer; Distribution and Dosimetry of Tritium in Newborn Rats after in Utero Exposure to3 H- TdR. Radiat Res 1 May 1974; 58 (2): 239–252. doi: _URL_
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Business Tax Update: Common Reporting Standard
3 min
The Common Reporting Standard (CRS) is being introduced in 2017 and will significantly change the degree to which global financial institutions exchange sensitive financial information about their customer base. The United States has notably abstained from adopting the CRS and as such, has evolved into an increasingly more attractive jurisdiction for banking secrecy and asset protection.
What is the CRS?
The CRS is a reporting standard for the automatic exchange of information developed by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) as part of a coordinated global initiative to combat tax evasion. The agreement requires financial institutions in participating countries to reciprocally collect and report financial information regarding local account holders, including taxpayer identification data, account balances, asset composition, and items of annual income (such as interest, dividends, capital gains).
Who are the participants?
The first wave of countries implementing the CRS in 2017 includes most European Union members and certain jurisdictions traditionally used as offshore havens, such as the Cayman Islands, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Gibraltar, Luxembourg, and Malta.
A second wave of countries will implement the CRS in 2018, including those in the Asian Pacific and Middle Eastern regions, as well as Russia, Switzerland, Australia, and the remaining European Union members.
In total, over 100 countries have committed to adopting and enforcing the CRS.
What about the US?
The US has rejected the CRS on the basis that it already utilizes the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA), a reporting regime aimed at US persons with offshore accounts. FATCA is much narrower in scope than the CRS and imposes withholding tax where applicable financial information is not exchanged with respect to international investments held by US persons. Though the US generally reciprocates by providing similar information to foreign countries, it is not obligated to do so under the FATCA guidelines.
By resisting the CRS, the US is providing a potential shield against international financial disclosure requirements and is consequently becoming an increasingly favorable location for banking secrecy and asset protection. This has resulted in a marked upswing in the migration of accounts from offshore haven countries like the Bahamas and Switzerland to the US.
How can Venable help?
The OECD's regulatory and tax initiatives continue to complicate the financial landscape for US and international investors, including the further loss of financial opacity under the CRS. While the US provides certain protections against invasive asset reporting, the US tax system remains complex and requires nuanced planning in order to optimize any contemplated asset migration.
If you have offshore operations or investments, or are looking to expand globally, we can help you navigate these domestic and international rules to achieve an operationally effective and tax efficient structuring strategy.


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