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Virtual-reality simulator helps teach surgery for brain cancer
September 24, 2012
A new virtual-reality simulator — including sophisticated 3D graphics and tactile feedback — provides allows neurosurgery trainees to practice essential skills and techniques for brain cancer surgery.
The prototype system, called "NeuroTouch," uses 3D graphics and haptic (sense of touch) technology to provide a realistic look and feel for practice in performing common tasks in brain cancer surgery. Lead author Sébastien Delorme, PhD, of the National Research Council Canada and colleagues believe the NeuroTouch system could enhance "acquisition and assessment of technical skills" for neurosurgeons in training.
The NeuroTouch software simulates what the neurosurgeon sees through the operating microscope during surgery — including detailed, lifelike renderings of brain tissue, blood vessels, and tumors. The system also includes haptic tool manipulators, providing tactile feedback similar to what the surgeon would feel during surgery. The simulator runs on computers that are similar to those used to run popular games.
The surgical tasks were developed using 3D reconstructions of MRI scan data from actual patients. With further development, the system could also allow neurosurgeons to simulate and practice actual operations, based on the patient's own MRI scan.
During the development process, the researchers received feedback through an advisory network of teaching hospitals. The 3-D visual graphics received high praise, although the tactile feedback system came in for more criticism. Surgeons testing the system also suggested improvements to the ergonomics of using the simulator.
Neurosurgical residency training programs are challenged to make the most of their resources while maximizing training opportunities for residents. About 90 percent of surgical training is received in the operating room, where residents learn procedures by assisting surgeons with hundreds of operations.
Medical simulators — similar to those used to train airline pilots — are increasingly viewed as a cost-effective complement to traditional surgical training. For example, a commercially available simulator has proven effective in helping trainees perform minimally invasive gallbladder surgery more rapidly, with a lower risk of patient injury.
The NeuroTouch system appears to be a promising tool for extending virtual reality technology to teaching common and important neurosurgery techniques. While it is not the first neurosurgical simulator, it provides key advances over previous systems, particularly in terms of providing real-time graphics and tactile feedback.
The next step will be to evaluate the new system in actual neurosurgical training programs. "First generation NeuroTouch prototypes have been set up in 7 teaching hospitals across Canada, to be used for beta testing and validation and evaluated for integration in a neurosurgery training curriculum," according to Dr. Delorme and colleagues, and a new generation of NeuroTouch simulators is currently being deployed worldwide.


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Find an e‑mail or newsgroup message
Windows Mail includes the Search box, which makes it easy to find specific e‑mail and newsgroup messages. Using the Search box, you can quickly filter your message list so that it only shows messages containing specific words, characters, or e‑mail addresses.
Open Windows Mail by clicking the Start button, clicking All Programs, and then clicking Windows Mail.
Type a word or part of a word into the Search box.
As you type in the Search box, the message list will continue to be filtered to reflect each successive character you type.
When you see the message you want, you can stop typing in the Search box and double-click the message to open it.
If you want to expand your search capabilities, try using the Search box in Windows document folders, where you can search for messages and documents simultaneously You can also search for a message in multiple e‑mail folders, and even save your favorite search results so that you can access them again at any time.
To learn more about the different ways to search using Windows, see Tips for finding files.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Climate Change and Conflict
The relationship between climate change and deadly conflict is complex and context-specific, but it is undeniable that climate change is a threat multiplier that is already increasing food insecurity, water scarcity and resource competition, while disrupting livelihoods and spurring migration. In turn, deadly conflict and political instability are contributing to climate change – including through illegal logging. Crisis Group's field-based research and analysis provides insights into how policymakers might best influence and respond to these complex changes to mitigate conflict risks.


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Seifu Seta and Gelana Amente*
College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Haramaya University, Ethiopia, East Africa
*Corresponding Author: Gelana Amente, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Haramaya University, Ethiopia, East Africa.
Received: December 26, 2019; Published: January 27, 2020
Radon gas is one of the major terrestrial radiation sources that affect the general population. Its primary indoor sources are from the floor (especially if the floor is soil) and from building materials. It can be the source of alpha particles and gamma radiations, but the more dangerous one is the alpha particle because when inhaled, it is capable of harming the internal organs, especially the lungs. This study aimed to assess net radiation levels inside rural houses of Siltie, Wolayta and Sidama zones of Southern Ethiopia. The experiment was conducted in 12 village houses of the three locations and measurements of radon-222 (222Rn) concentrations were carried out both outside and indoor, using Alpha Guard, from December 2 - 13/2017. The houses differ in terms of ventilations and their floor covers. For each house, outdoor measurements were taken (to serve as background radiation) at three different locations, far from houses. The measurements were taken at four different heights (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 m) from the ground, always prior to indoor measurements. Indoor measurements were taken in four replications, at similar heights. Measurements were taken in morning hours starting from the time when the residents wake up and open their doors. The results obtained are summarized as follows. Both indoor and background radiations showed exponential decay of radon concentration with height. ANOVA tests among houses and among zones did not show significant differences both among houses and among zones. Ventilated houses showed lower mean values (reduction of 27.9%) and standard deviations of radon concentrations. Houses with covered floors also showed lower radon concentrations (reduction of 33.6%) compared to houses of uncovered floors. Based on IAEA limit, only one house from Wolayta zone exceeded the limit of 200 Bq/m3 based on indoor floor-level radon concentration values. None of the houses exceeded the limit at heights of 0.5 m or above. More study may be needed to assess radiation levels of the surrounding soils to know more about the differences among the zones.
Keywords: Alpha Guard; House Floor Cover; Indoor Radiation; Outdoor Radiation; Ventilated Houses
Citation: Seifu Seta and Gelana Amente. "Assessment of Radon Concentrations Inside Houses of Siltie, Wolayta and Sidama Zones of Southern Ethiopia". Acta Scientific Microbiology 3.2 (2020): 82-95.
Copyright: © 2020 Seifu Seta and Gelana Amente. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


From The Casper Journal [Wyoming], Monday, April 29, 2013. See _URL_
When math makes sense - Teachers combine math with construction, cooking classes
By Makayla Moore
PHOTO SIDEBAR: The new math and construction program at Transitions Learning Center applies math concepts by building. Heather Bishop (left) of Frontier Middle School marks a measurement on a board after Chrysler Parks of Transitions explained the process. Photo by Makayla Moore
How many frustrated math students have thrown up their hands and said, "When am I ever going to use this anyway?" It's a common refrain that most math teachers hear repeated time and again. There's a new program at Transitions Learning Center, pioneering the useful application of math.
Math teacher Dwight Burrows and construction teacher Rob Hill have combined their classes, creating a demonstrated use for the concepts that they're teaching. They're building a bridge between math and construction, and the students are doing better than ever.
Burrows teaches math concepts such as angles, slope and parallel lines first, followed by Hill demonstrating how those concepts apply to construction. The students have built sheds, fences and even remodeled a garage. They're responsible for everything, from figuring out the quantity of supplies they'll need, to hammering in the final finishing nail.
"We haven't changed the program, haven't changed the curriculumm we've just reorganized," Burrows said. "It's the same math class, the same test and the same standards." But the grades keep going up, and retention of learning is at an all-time high. Burrows tested his class, asking them what the slope of a roof they had put on a shed was. Hands shot up, and the correct answer was given.
"When you're cutting the angles with a saw and applying slope to a roof, you remember it better," Hill said. "It's teaching them more than just math and construction, though. They're learning teamwork and work ethic too."
The program partners with construction classes from Casper College as well as students from construction classes in middle school. "They get to work both up and down that way," Hill said.
To watch a group of students who don't see themselves as teachers apply the skills they've learned and teach the younger students has made it worthwhile for Hill and Burrows. "It shows what they've learned and are now capable of teaching," Hill said.
The difference in the students is evident. They're walking tall and rightfully proud of what they've built. Burrows said that every teacher looks for that light that comes on when a student really understands and he's seeing a lot more lights these days.
"I had the lowest grade in the pre-test, it was a 22 and now I've got a 77. That's much better," said Angel Coleman. "I still don't like math, but I can understand it."
"I didn't really know what the class was about, but it makes math simpler by applying it to real-life situations and it's just mind-blowing," said Johnathan Arket.
Chrysler Parks said he joined the program in order to help understand math better and has enjoyed the experience. "It helps you understand what you're learning by going out in the field and doing hands-on," he said.
"This is the idea the district is trying to build the CAPS [Center for Advanced and Professional Studies] on. Integrated learning, and it's working here," Burrows said.
This is the first of many classes that will be based on integrated learning at Transitions. There's a Financial Literacy class that's in the works and Burrows is anxious to take his math curriculum into the cooking classes. "There's math all over there," he said.
Jerry P. Becker
Dept. of Curriculum & Instruction
Southern Illinois University
625 Wham Drive
Mail Code 4610
Carbondale, IL 62901-4610
Phone: _PHONE_ [O]
 _PHONE_ [H]
Fax: _PHONE_
E-mail: _EMAIL_


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Roman Catholic priests from the Order of the Sacred Hearts and led by Father Alexis Bachelot, first arrived from Europe in July of 1827. Three priests and three lay brothers celebrated the first mass of record on Hawaiian soil on July 14, 1827.
Under pressure by American Protestant missionaries, who considered Catholic doctrine a damning religious error, Kamehameha III twice expelled the Catholics. When priests reappeared in 1837 and again faced expulsion, the Sandwich Island Gazette newspaper came to the defense of religious freedom. The French in 1839 also brought pressure upon the king, and in that year Kamehameha III proclaimed a Declaration of Rights and Edict of Toleration that granted religious toleration throughout the Islands.
This was a period of fierce verbal attacks between Catholics and Protestants. The Catholic Mission wanted to have its own press. In 1841, it bought the Gazette's old equipment and set up a print shop on the site of the present Our Lady of Peace Cathedral, but Father L. D. Maigret complained to his European superiors: "The Protestants have excellent presses of the new kind, while we have only a bad one, the characters of which do not work." Maigret received a new press from Europe, and in 1852, the first Catholic newspaper appeared, He Mau Hana I Hanaia, Works Done, to begin a tradition of Catholic publication that continues to the present.
By Helen G. Chapin


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This guide will make use of the VoiceMeeter Banana software to split audio for the selective recording feature in Streamlabs OBS. For example, removing alert audio from your recording and allowing it to come through to you and your stream.
This guide builds on top of the Split Audio using VoiceMeeter Banana guide, so if you have not set up VoiceMeeter Banana yet, please follow that guide first to have the starting point for this guide.
Using both virual outputs of VoiceMeeter Banana
In addition to the initial set up, you also will be using the VoiceMeeter Aux Output (VB-Audio VoiceMeeter AUX VAIO), set as the Mic/Auxiliary Device 2. Your microphone can be set in the Mic/Auxiliary Device 3.
Browser Source Audio via OBS
The next thing to do is have audio from browser sources and widgets, such as the Streamlabs Alert box go through the audio system of Streamlabs OBS instead of having the output to the default playback device of Windows, mixing it with any other audio, such as the game audio.
To do this, open the properties of the browser source or widget and check Control Audio via OBS. For widgets, like the Alert Box widget, this is found under the "Source". After this, you would need to monitor these sources in order to hear the audio again, more about this down below!
Set the Audio Monitoring Device
By default, the monitoring device is the same default playback device set in Windows, which would mean if you were to monitor any sources it would be mixed with any other audio and end up on the recording again. Set the Audio Monitoring Device found in the Advanced Settings of Streamlabs OBS to VoiceMeeter Aux Input (VB-Audio VoiceMeeter AUX VAIO). Now, game audio (default desktop) and monitored sources are separated from each other, each to one of the virtual inputs that VoiceMeeter Banana has to offer.
Advanced Audio Settings
Open the Advanced Audio Settings by clicking the ⚙ icon above the Mixer in Streamlabs OBS. In here set the sources that you want to hear and be on stream only to "Monitor Only". Furthermore, you would need to set the audio tracks, where track 1 will be used for the stream and additional tracks will be used for the recording.
In the following configuration the Alert Box is being monitored and the audio is not on the recording or stream. The stream will get the audio from VoiceMeeter Banana virtual output and the microphone (track 1). The recording will get the audio from the VoiceMeeter Banana virtual aux output (track 2), the microphone (track 3), and optionally the stream audio that includes other audio sources again (track 4).
Advanced Output Mode
In order to select which audio tracks you want to use for stream and recording, you would need to use the Advanced Output mode in the Output Settings of Streamlabs OBS. For Streaming select track 1 and under Recording check track; 2, 3, and 4. Make sure the Recording Format you selected supports multi-track recording, such as TS, MKV, or MP4.
Route audio with VoiceMeeter Banana
Back to VoiceMeeter Banana again where you will "patch" the audio from one of the inputs to one of the outputs, Virtual Output B1 is used for the stream and Virtual Aux Output B2 is used for the recording.
VoiceMeeter Banana has now both virtual inputs in use, the main would be the default desktop audio which usually contains game audio and the aux input contains monitored sources audio. The monitoring you want to "patch" only to A1 and B1, your headset and stream where the desktop audio you want to patch to A1, B1, and B2, your headset, the stream and recording.


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In high energy physics, the most frequently encountered standard distributions governing frequencies (e.g. for events) are the Poisson distribution, the Gaussian distribution, and the binomial distribution. The statistical literature is replete with excellent discussions of these and other distributions, and a full explication will not be given here. (See the statistics books and statistics reference section of this site.) However, here a few rules of thumb and guidelines are in order:
One of the most frequently occurring problems in high-energy physics is to compare an observed distribution with a prediction, for example from a simulation. Indeed, an analysis might be designed to extract some physical parameter from the simulation or prediction which best fits the data. (See also the page on goodness of fit tests.) For data points with Gaussian errors, one can write a chi square function
Here the yi are the observed data, and the yi with ~'s are the predictions of the model at each point. The chi square expresses the deviation of the observed data from the fit, weighted inversely by the uncertainties in the individual points. The chi square can be either used to test how well a particular model describes the data or, if the prediction is a function of some parameters ak then the optimal values of the parameters can be found by minimizing the chi square.
Indeed, the main attractiveness of the chi square in high energy physics lies in extracting such parameters, particularly in the case where the function y(a1, a2,...,am) is linear in the ak. In this case, one can find the parameters, and their Gaussian uncertainties, by inverting an m-by-m matrix to find the covariance matrix. This well-known technique is described in many statistical references.
The main pitfall here is that the purely Gaussian case is in fact rather rare, usually because the data points come from Poisson-distributed numbers of events which are not well approximated by Gaussian distributions. Using a standard chi square approach in such cases leads to biased estimates of both the parameters and their uncertainties. So pervasive is this problem thatA likelihood function simply expresses how likely the observed distribution is, given some model. For the Gaussian case one can in fact write
In most analyses, the data samples are unique enough that no pre-packaged program will be able to do the final analysis, and the high-energy physicist has no alternative but to write a special program. At the core of this program will be some function which calculates the likelihood L of one's data xi given some parameters ai, and will in most cases also depend on some additional auxiliary (or "nuisance") parameters and/or uncertainties.
Most likelihood functions will express the product of the probabilities for observing the data based on the Poisson probability in each data bin (or each event in the unbinned case). In writing likelihoods incorporating systematic uncertainties it is important to keep in mind the nature of each uncertainty: whether it affects signal, background, or both, and whether it results in uncorrelated or correlated effects, bin-to-bin or source-to-source. These latter effects can be tricky and in some cases intractable. See the recommendations section on systematic uncertainties for a more detailed discussion of this issue.
The most commonly employed program in high energy physics to perform function minimization is MINUIT, by Fred James of CERN. MINUIT is embedded into ROOT and PAW, but can also be run by stand-alone programs. The documentation is quite extensive and useful, see also Joel Heinrich's tips and tricks for using MINUIT.
For hard-core types faced with functions of many parameters (> 100) one might find it useful to use the FUMILI package, a now-ancient but extremely fast gradient-descent program written by Soviet missile scientists in the early 1960's. FUMILI has been successfully used on problems on which MINUIT has failed to converge at all, or converged too slowly.
For least-squares minimization of functions which are linear in the unknown parameters, there are several packages to determine the parameters, errors, and covariance matrices given the input data. It is straightforward (and rewarding), however, to write one's own software to perform these procedures.


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Overfishing made the grey nurse shark endangered, but it's the animal's bizarre, cannibalistic embryos that are making it difficult for the species to rebound. The gestating shark pups need a "time out," says Nick Otway, a fisheries biologist at Port Stephens Fisheries Institute in Australia. As a last-ditch effort to keep the species from eating itself into extinction, he built an artificial uterus, a souped-up fish tank that will give each unborn baby its own womb.
Female grey nurse sharks have two uteruses, in which embryos play "king of the uterus": competing for nutrients, with the strong gobbling up weaker kin. The last shark standing in each womb devours any unfertilized eggs during a yearlong gestation, after which the mother gives birth to the two pups. The shark's long pregnancy and low birth rate—along with people killing it because they mistakenly assumed it is a maneater—have knocked its numbers down to just a few thousand worldwide. And caretakers have had trouble keeping pups born in captivity alive, producing only nine sharks in 20 years.
Last September, Otway conducted the first trial of the acrylic uterus with 10-month-old embryos from a pregnant wobbegong shark, a non-cannibalizing, plentiful species whose young develop on the same schedule as the grey nurse's. He replicated a shark's uterus by bathing the embryos in 68˚F seawater. After 17 days, the fake womb "gave birth" to six healthy pups. The team plans to experiment with younger wobbegongs and adjust the mixture in the tank to a watery solution rich in urea, sodium and potassium to match the early stages of a wobbegong pregnancy.
Before Otway rears grey nurse sharks, his crew will study and duplicate the intrauterine solution found in the mothers. Then he'll build separate wombs for each embryo. If all goes well with the 10-year project, he could increase a mother's brood to 20. Otway says he could adapt the device for biologically similar species, but he has no plans to make artificial human uteresus. "That might be possible, but I don't want to get into it because of the ethical issues," he says. "I'll stick with sharks."
Five amazing, clean technologies that will set us free, in this month's energy-focused issue. Also: how to build a better bomb detector, the robotic toys that are raising your children, a human catapult, the world's smallest arcade, and much more.


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The state papers are the correspondence and papers of the ministers of the Crown during the early modern period. For the first time individuals and personalities emerge from obscurity and we are able to go behind the scenes of government and explore motives, policy-making, and ideas. The state papers are the backbone of early modern records transforming the historians' approach to this lively period. The talk begins with an overview of the state papers, followed by their use over time, and how the State Papers Office was run. The podcast ends with a summary of finding aids available, including what is accessible on State Papers Online.
Dr Adrian Ailes is a principal records specialist in early modern records and is particularly interested in local history, the gentry, heraldry and seals. Dr Katy Mair is an early modern records specialist whose research interests include the Jacobites, the history of reading, and the religious culture of women. Her doctorate examined the correspondence of the 16th century gentlewoman Lady Anne Bacon, and focused particularly on her unpublished letters to her sons, Anthony and Francis Bacon.
Please note there is a brief dip in the sound quality at approximately 29 minutes due to a recording error.


Into Mystery is a journey to spread inspiration, a series of intricate riddles woven into a gradually unfolding narrative of architecture. As a participatory inquiry into the depth and power of human creativity, Into Mystery taps into a universal commonality: curiosity.
Intersecting with puzzle solving and architecture, it's shaping the future of a new creative community. And that's why it also relies on those individuals willing to take the leap.
Now that you've got your hands on the LightBox, we'll let you in on a secret: it's more than just a puzzle. The LightBox is but a small key to a larger unveiling—a puzzle within a puzzle, if you will. By unlocking the LightBox, you're already party to the mystery. Other clues will slowly reveal itself and due time, so get it on the secret now. This is just the beginning.
See here for the Kickstarter Page.


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Electric Power Quality
In the present day deregulated power market electric power quality issues have become great concerns of utilities, end users and manufacturers. Worldwide researches are going on to address those issues. Electric Power Quality has evolved from the researches carried out by the authors.
The key features of the book can be highlighted as follows: the contents focuses, on one hand, different power quality issues, their sources and effects and different related standards, which are required for students, researchers and practising engineers and, on the other hand, measurement techniques for different power quality parameters, the content level is designed in such a way that the concepts of different power quality issues in modern power system are built up first, followed by some existing and new measurement methods. This content should attract the students, researchers and practising engineers, the predominant features are Lucid but concise description of the subject, detailed new measurement techniques and Electric Power Quality is intended for graduate, postgraduate and researchers as well as for professionals in the related fields.
At the end, a chapter has been added which deals with a concept of generation of harmonics in a power system and its components.


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The MANNING NameThe Dictionary of Irish Family Names by Ida Grehan, 1997, Roberts Rinehart Pubs.,
Irish Variants: Mainnín
Anglicized Variants: Mannin; Manning
- A very old family, the MANNIONs are said to descend from pre-Gaelic Pictish rulers
- of the Galway and Roscommon area, where a great number of MANNIONs are still
- located. There is also a Mannin Bay near Galway Bay, on the Connemara coast. They
- were also a sept of the population group known as the Uí Maine, which included most
- of the important septs of Connacht. They were located in the barony of Tiaquin in
- County Galway and the headquarters of their chieftain was the castle of Clogher.
- Mainnín, King of Sodhan, is mentioned in an Irish chronicle of 1135. Up to the time
- of James I (_PHONE_) they were still a clan of some importance and their chieftain's
- residence was at Menlough Castle, which was later to be taken over by the BLAKEs
- who were descendants of the Fourteen Tribes of Galway.
- In the seventeenth century the MANNIONs were besieged by the powerful O KELLYs,
- who confiscated much of their land.
- In 1617, Hugh O MANNIN had to surrender his estates to James I. Later he had them
- returned to him. However, a few decades later they were confiscated by the marauding
- MANNING is a common surname in England, but in Ireland it can also be an anglicization
- of Mainnín. The MANNINGs of Dublin and cork could be of English descent.
- In the Irish army of James II (_PHONE_), John MANNING is recorded as being a
- "cornet" in O NEILL's Dragoon.
- Frederick MANNING (1812-83) of Dublin followed his father to VAN DIEMEN's Land
- (now Tasmania). He was well received by the Maoris and, in time, became a judge in their
- courts. He published a number of books on New Zealand and local folk culture.
- Henry Edward, Cardinal MANNING (1808-92), Archbishop of Westminster, was one
- of the English MANNINGs.
*** END ***


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Shoah exhibits educate, provoke sad memories
HAMILTON — It was difficult for Emmy Weisz to watch the documentary on Anne Frank.
As a child in Amsterdam, just one year younger than Frank, Weisz had walked the same streets, stepped inside the same buildings as the famed diarist.
But Weisz attended the opening of Anne Frank: A History for Today because she knows it is important to share these stories and educate the community.
The official opening, presented in partnership with Temple Anshe Sholom and the Canada Netherlands Friendship Association, took place Nov. 18.
Anne Frank: A History for Today is one of two travelling exhibitions brought to Hamilton's Temple Anshe Sholom by the Hamilton Jewish Federation Holocaust Education Committee.
Anne Frank: A History for Today juxtaposes the Frank family's story against world events before, during and after the rise to power of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi party. The exhibit includes photographs of the Frank family and the other occupants of the secret annex.
Making its Canadian première, Dutch Resistance Art and Official Propaganda, about the period from 1940 to 1945, conveys the Nazi oppression of Holland and its citizens during the occupation.
The exhibit is based on three collections from the archives of the Anne Frank Center in New York City, with original propaganda posters distributed by the Nazi-controlled Dutch government; linoleum and woodcut prints by Marie de Zaaijer, and original drawings by Dutch artist Henri Pieck.
The exhibits are on display until Friday, Nov. 30.
Dignitaries who spoke at the opening ceremony included Hamilton Jewish Federation president Larry Szpirglas, the temple's Rabbi Jordan Cohen, the honorary consul for the Netherlands, Richard ter Vrugt, MP David Sweet, Hamilton Mayor Bob Bratina, MPP Ted McMeekin and Mario Silva, incoming Canadian chair, Task Force for International Co-operation on Holocaust Education, Remembrance and Research.
Szpirglas expressed hope that these exhibits will serve as springboards for discussions about respect, inclusion and social cohesion, as well as conversations about bullying, racism and prejudice.
Sweet, who along with Silva received a humanitarian award from the committee, called the exhibit an "important and meaningful educational initiative."
He said he's sometimes asked, "Why people don't just move on?" in regard to the Holocaust.
"Any people who have suffered near total annihilation should be assured that for eternity their loss will be remembered," he said.
The opening ceremony also included students from Waterdown District High School and St. Jean de Brebeuf Catholic High School speaking about the exhibits, which were housed at the schools for one month before moving to the temple. Students were trained as docents, and hundreds of community members and students toured the exhibits.
Weisz, 82, was a hidden child in Holland. Her father was killed, as were 42 of her close relatives. Her two step-siblings were also hidden. Her mom survived by lying about being Jewish.
In May 1943, Weisz escaped on her own into hiding. She estimates she hid in 36 different places, having to flee many times after being betrayed. She was often in one room by herself with just one book to keep her company.
"I read Ben Hur so many times," she said while touring the exhibit. "Often there was a Bible. I became quite the expert in the New Testament."
Once, one of the daughters living in a home where she was hiding was dating a police officer. He warned the family that police would be coming around that evening. That night, Weisz spent hours hiding in a ditch on top of a mountain and watched many children being taken away.
She remembers how she felt when she was liberated in April 1945. "I was so sure cruelty like that would never happen again," she said. "But of course, it has."
Weisz married her husband, Erich, in Holland, and they moved to Canada in 1954. They had two children. After living in Vancouver, Toronto and Barrie, they settled in Hamilton in 1961.


INT 98-04 NSF/Tokyo Report: Fine Control of Actively Stabilized Antennas 1/22/98 The National Science Foundation's offices in Tokyo and in Paris periodically report on developments abroad that are related to the Foundation's mission. These documents present facts for the use of NSF program managers and policy makers; they are not statements of NSF policy. Special Scientific Report #98-03 (January 09, 1998) Fine Control of Actively Stabilized Antennas Dr. Hemanshu (Roger) M. Lakhani prepared the following report. In June of 1997, Dr. Lakhani began a 24-month JSPS fellowship at the Tokyo Institute of Technology (TIT). His host is Professor Toshiaki Ohkami of the Department of Engineering Sciences at TIT. Dr. Lakhani can be reached via email at This research is being conducted in the Mechanical Engineering Sciences department of the Tokyo Institute of Technology under the supervision of Dr. Yoshiaki Ohkami. The project is supported by a small company in California that manufactures actively stabilized antenna platforms. Such antenna platforms are used onboard moving vehicles, such as ships, so that the antenna can be made to point toward a given satellite despite undulating motions of the boat or vehicle. The goal of the project is to modify one of the company's existing tracking systems so as to achieve more precise control and pointing accuracy of the antenna platform. The system provided by the US company is currently being used by customers onboard large shipping vessels to track INMARSAT geostationary satellites. Such an application requires a pointing accuracy of approximately 5 [deg], and the current system is capable of achieving this despite relatively large motions of the ship. In the future, however, the s! ame system will be required for higher communications bandwidth applications, such as Ku and even Ka band, and the laboratory at TIT has been asked to improve the current system so as to enable it to track more narrow beam widths. The laboratory, which specializes in the dynamics and control of multibody system, was deemed qualified to handle this research as the control of the antenna platform can be treated as a classic robotics problem. The project was begun in June of 1997 and is being carried out by a team consisting of one 1st-year doctoral student, one 4th-year undergraduate student, and me, who was assigned as project team leader. As part of the first phase of the research, the laboratory was responsible for identifying specific areas of the system that will require improvement in order to achieve the higher bandwidth tracking. As INMARSAT receivers were not readily in hand, the lab chose to conduct evaluation tests outdoors using a satellite dish/tuner package compatible with the reception from a Japanese BS satellite flying over Tokyo. Note that tracking of a broadcast satellite (C-band) represents a more severe problem than tracking of the L-band INMARSAT signal. Additional tests were carried out onboard a small yacht to test the tracking capabilities of the system in the presence of swaying motions of the antenna base. One major finding was that the current system lacks proper structural rigidity in! the antenna mount, resulting in a non-collocated control problem due to the flexing of the antenna post. The lab has also identified several problems related directly to limitations in the accuracy of the sensors used to detect the swaying motions of the antenna base (or ship). Here, the laboratory is attempting to replace the existing sensors with better, more accurate sensors. The second phase of the research will involve implementation of the laboratory's own control algorithms, which have been specifically designed to overcome the current system's shortcomings and thus to demonstrate improved performance. It is expected that all improvements made through this research will be directly translated into future generations of this tracking platform, thus representing a direct contribution to the success of the US company.


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Whistling feathers sound predator alarm
crested pigeon
Flights of fear: this crested pigeon has a secret alarm in its feathers (Source: Geoffrey Dabb)
Behavioural ecologist Dr Robert Magrath and student Mae Hingee of the Australian National University in Canberra report their findings today in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B.
Birds hang around in a flock rather than on their own because there are more individuals looking out for predators, says Magrath: "There are more eyes looking for danger."
But if one individual in a large group spots a predator, how does it communicate this to the rest?
While some bird species use vocal alarms to warn the rest of the flock, not all do.
One that doesn't is the Australian crested pigeon, Ocyphaps lophotes.
The bird has a very curious whistling sound when it flies, which seems to change when it flies off in alarm, says Magrath.
"You can close your eyes and know when a crested pigeon is flying around," he says.
Magrath says the whistling sound is so loud some might suspect it was made vocally, but it is actually made by the pigeons' wings.
"In fact one of their common names is the whistle-winged pigeon," he says.
Feather alarm
Magrath and Hingee hypothesised that the crested pigeon might be using its whistling feathers as an alarm.
To test this, they made model hawks which they used to scare flocks of crested pigeons.
They recorded the whistling sound made by pigeons taking off in alarm and compared this to a recording of the whistling sound made by birds taking off routinely.
Magrath and Hingee then analysed the characteristics of the different wing whistles on computer.
They found that each downbeat and upbeat of the wings produced different tones but the alarm signal was faster and louder than the routine flight sound.
The next step was to independently test whether the birds responded differently to these two different sounds.
Magrath and Hingee recorded the alarm and routine flight sounds onto CD and then played them back to flocks of birds.
"If you played back the routine whistle they just kept on feeding as if nothing had happened," says Magrath.
"If you played back the alarm whistle they just shot off - 80% of the flocks just went for the hills. Clearly the birds are playing attention to these whistles."
Alarm feathers
The researchers now want to look more closely at how the wings produce their alarm sound.
Magrath says there is a special feather on the wings that appears to be key to the whistles.
This feather amplifies the differences between slow and fast wing flapping, turning a routine whistle into an alarm whistle, he says.
Magrath says future tests will involve the use of high speed photography to try and associate particular wing strokes with particular sounds.
Other tests will place individual feathers in a wind tunnel to see if the alarm whistle can be recreated, he says.
Tags: animal-behaviour, birds


text:
June 2, 2010
Editor's note: The U.S. government says the danger of depleted uranium is a conspiracy theory.
An Iranian lawmaker says the haze that arrives in Iran from Iraq is polluted with depleted uranium due to the U.S. military's use of the prohibited weapon in the neighboring country.
MP Mohammad-Mehdi Shahriari called for urgent measures to prevent the diffusion of the Iraqi haze over Iran.
"This is not an issue that can be easily neglected," said Shahriari, who is a member of the Majlis National Security and Foreign Policy Committee.
"Everyone knows that the United States has used depleted uranium during the occupation of Iraq, and this has contaminated the Iraqi soil, which arrives in Iran once in a while and pollutes Iranian soil," the Iranian MP told the Mehr News Agency on Monday.
"The results of this polluted soil will be seen in the agricultural products in the coming years, it endangers people's health, and its harmful impact could be transferred to the next generation," he added.
"Silence on this issue could create a humanitarian catastrophe in the country," the Iranian lawmaker stated.
The aerosol produced during impact and combustion of depleted uranium munitions can potentially contaminate wide areas around the impact sites or can be inhaled by civilians and military personnel.
Experts have calculated that from all sources that between 1,000 to 2,000 tons of depleted uranium munitions were used during a three-week period of conflict in 2003 in Iraq, mostly in cities, The Guardian reported in an article published in 2003.
This article was posted: Wednesday, June 2, 2010 at 9:03 am


text:
All the 7 Rainbow colors representing each day of creation and when combined produce white color. It is a known fact that shining white light through a prism produces the rainbow colors. White signifies purity and goodness. No wonder on the 6th day, God declared that everything he has created during the 6 days of creation as very good and blessed it on the 7th day.
Genesia1:31 God saw all that he had made, and it was very good. And there was evening, and there was morning—the sixth day.
Genesis2:1 Thus the heavens and the earth were completed in all their vast array.
2 By the seventh day God had finished the work he had been doing; so on the seventh day he rested [a] from all his work. 3 And God blessed the seventh day and made it holy, because on it he rested from all the work of creating that he had done.


text:
What is Environmental Health?
Environmental health addresses all the physical, chemical, and biological factors external to a person, and all the related factors impacting behaviors. It encompasses the assessment and control of those environmental factors that can potentially affect health. It is targeted towards preventing disease and creating health-supportive environments. This definition excludes behavior not related to environment, as well as behavior related to the social and cultural environment, and genetics. – World Health Organization
What does the Environmental Health Division do?
Grand Forks Public Health provides environmental health services and education in Northeast North Dakota for the following counties:
- Grand Forks


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Comparison of in situ methods to assess DNA cleavage in apoptotic cells in patients with breast cancer.
 1. P N Mainwaring,
 2. P A Ellis,
 3. S Detre,
 4. I E Smith,
 5. M Dowsett
 1. Academic Department of Biochemistry, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK.
 BACKGROUND: Apoptosis has a role in many cellular processes including development, normal tissue homeostasis, and malignancy. This aspect of research is relatively new with distinct methods of analysing disparate biochemical and genetic events to measure apoptotic cells. The use of biotinylated nucleotides to identify DNA strand breaks is a commonly reported method of estimating cells numbers undergoing apoptosis; however, investigators report inconsistent results for a variety of reasons. AIMS AND METHOD: To compare two in situ techniques of measuring apoptosis: in situ nick translation (ISNT) and TdT mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labelling (TUNEL); and to assess DNA cleavage in 20 paired paraffin wax embedded breast cancer tissues from patients; one group who had received no prior treatment and one group who had received chemohormonal treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Apoptotic scores obtained from paraffin wax embedded human breast cancer after using ISNT and TUNEL methods were not significantly different (p = 0.11). A strong correlation between scores obtained from the two techniques was found (r = 0.758, p < 0.0001). Optimisation of both techniques is crucial to ensure maximal assay performance in breast cancer tissue.
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text:
A unique and rare species of flower has been kept blooming by walkers flattening through mud in area of Angel seyon a coastal path. A species that is part of the buttercup family, which is a three lobed water-crowfoot is capable to grow because walkers are disturbing the ground around it. That also gives rise to tiny plants that grows in puddles, shallow pools, and even tractor and hoof tracks.
The water-crowfoot, a rare flower plant has to grow in spring season quickly because the channels dry out in summer that is favorable to its natural growth. According to Trevor Dines from Plant life Cymru statement there are fewer than 20 plants that are growing in a ditch on the path including the water-crowfoot.
As there are no sheep or cattle to disturb the mud so the plants depend entirely on walkers that cross the ditch on the coastal path and this mud loving crowfoot likes nothing more than creeping through filthy ditches, ruts and shallow pools looks glorious to eyes.
According to plant life experts the flower is also springing up along the tracks and is now growing in more sites than ever before when animals move from pool to pool and in this way they also spread the seed with their hooves.


Up-/cross-selling possibilities are strategic but embedded in an unobtrusive way that will result in more sales.
Much more energy should be put into selecting which digital initiatives to launch and setting suitable targets! Digital customers are not all the same as target groups differ greatly. Digitizing an insurance business is not a one, all-encompassing task. To successfully transform business in the insurance industry, companies should consider the following points:
 1. Define digital strategies that involve all channels but also prioritize exactly which customers should be contacted, how they should be contacted, and how they should be led to complete the sale.
 2. Follow the example of the retail industry's online sales processes. I.e. self-explanatory websites, fast recommendation logic, dynamic sales paths that are tailored to the customer's characteristics, and an greater use of behavioral psychology
 3. Set up personalized digital processes for face-to-face sales that allow the top sellers' know-how to be utilized by the whole team. Transferring old premium calculations onto a tablet computer is simply not enough.
Insurers are working intensively on the topic of digitalization. But there is often a poor ratio between expenditure and actual value – they need comprehensive multi-channel strategies.
This article was originally published (in German) in "Zeitschrift für Versicherungswesen" in September 2017.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
A graph has a path from node $j$ to node $i$ if and only if its adjacency matrix has a positive element $(i,j)$ of $A^k$ for some integer $k.$
A proof for this statement will be highly appreciated.
share|improve this question
3 Answers 3
Hint. In fact there are $A_{ij}^m$ walks of length at most $m$ from $i$ to $j$. The inductive proof of this is pretty much identical to the one you're asking asking for, and your question follows a corollary.
Hint 2. Use $A_{ij}^m=\sum_{k=1}^n A_{ik}^{m-1}A_{kj}$.
share|improve this answer
I think you mean walks of length exactly $m$. – Erick Wong Mar 10 '13 at 16:35
You may prove by mathematical induction. The base case is trivial. For the $k$-th iteration, note that $(A^k)_{ij}\not=0$ iff $(A^{k-1})_{i\ell}$ and $A_{\ell j}$ are both nonzero for some index $\ell$.
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You can prove by induction. See Section 2.1 of this
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text:
Citing the risk to agriculture and human health, state officials representing eight states have filed a lawsuit against the five largest carbon dioxide polluters in the United States. The effort is aimed at requiring power companies to stabilize and then reduce carbon dioxide emissions.
Making the announcement in Des Moines at a press conference July 21, Iowa Attorney General Tom Miller was joined by Elwynn Taylor, Iowa State University Extension Climatologist. Both Miller and Taylor emphasized the risk global warming poses to agriculture.
Taylor has estimated that global warming already consistently is costing Iowa about half a billion dollars a year in reduced corn yield. Taylor said that one of the results of global warming is erratic weather, which leads to erratic yields, and lower average yields.
Iowa, California, Connecticut, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, Vermont and Wisconsin, and the City of New York filed suit against what Miller says are the five largest global warming polluters in the United States. They are power companies that own or operate more than 170 fossil fuel-burning power plants and emit about 10T of the nation's carbon dioxide pollution.
Global warming threatens agriculture
"Global warming threatens Iowa as we know it today," says Iowa Attorney General Tom Miller. "The Earth is heating faster than at any time in history, and that poses enormous long-term risk to Iowa agriculture and Iowans' health."
"The risks are especially great for Iowa agriculture," says Miller. "Most scientists believe global warming is likely to cause more extreme weather conditions of various kinds in North America, with hotter heat waves, longer and more frequent drought, and more severe storms.
"We shouldn't just be rolling the dice and hoping for the best," adds Miller. "We need to act to protect our agriculture and our people."
"The problem is pollution, and the top source of pollution is carbon dioxide emissions from power plants," says Miller. "Our suit names the five U.S. power companies with the most carbon dioxide pollution, totaling hundreds of millions of tons per year. The suit demands that they make pollution reductions that are substantial and achievable. My goal is to protect the bountiful Iowa we know today, and preserve it for generations to come."
Already costing farm states a lot in lost yield
ISU Extension Climatologist and Professor of Agricultural Meteorology, Elwynn Taylor, also spoke at the press conference.
"The first sector to take a hit from global warming is agriculture," says Taylor. "Iowa and Kansas could feel it hardest because of our dependence on agriculture. Erratic, sharp weather fluctuations - a likely consequence of global warming - lead to wide extremes in crop yield. I've estimated that global warming already consistently is costing about half a billion dollars a year in reduced corn yield to Iowa alone. And the effect on beans is likely similar."
Companies named as defendants in the States' and NYC action are American Electric Power Company; the Southern Company; Tennessee Valley Authority; Xcel Energy Inc.; and Cinergy Corporation. (See below for company details.)
Together, the companies own or operate 174 fossil fuel burning power plants in 20 states that emit some 650 million tons of carbon dioxide each year, according to the suit - almost a quarter of the U.S. utility industry's annual carbon dioxide emissions and about 10% of the nation's total. The action calls on the companies to reduce their pollution; it does not seek monetary damages.
Suit seeks to reduce pollution, doesn't ask for money
The case was filed July 21 in federal district court in New York under the federal common law of public nuisance, which provides a right of action to curb air and water pollution emanating from sources in other states. Public nuisance is a well-established legal doctrine that is commonly invoked in environmental cases and forms the basis for much of today's modern environmental law.
Scientists say the Earth is warming faster today than at any time in human history, and more rapidly than any natural factors can explain, states the lawsuit. The most recent data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration show that 2003 tied 2002 as the second hottest year on record, following 1998. The 5 hottest years all have occurred since 1997 and the 10 hottest since 1990.
The lawsuit marks the first time state and local governments have sued private companies to require reduction in heat-trapping carbon dioxide emissions that scientists say pose serious threats to public health, economy and environment.
The suit alleges the defendant companies' emissions contribute to a harm borne by all members of the public. The states as sovereign governments and the City of New York have the right to protect their residents and properties from such widespread harm.
Will this lawsuit be costly to taxpayers?
Miller says he doesn't expect significant litigation costs for Iowa to participate in the lawsuit.
The States and NYC say they are bringing suit because global warming is a serious threat to communities and the environment in the states, and that the effects of global warming will become increasingly severe if emissions are not reduced. Damages from global warming include public health consequences such as more asthma and other respiratory disease, increased heatstroke and heat-related mortality. "Iowa's high percentage of older persons could be especially vulnerable to adverse health consequences made worse by global warming," says Miller.
A report prepared by the National Academy of Sciences at the request of President Bush in 2001 reaffirmed widespread consensus that carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping emissions are responsible for global warming. Experts say that if nothing is done to cut emissions, average global temperatures will rise between 3 and 10 degrees Fahrenheit by the end of the century, conceivably half again the temperature change between the last glacial epoch and the present, according to Taylor. By comparison, the difference in global average temperature between now and the last ice age was only 7-11 degrees Fahrenheit.
Biomass and other solutions to pollution
The states argue that readily-available solutions to reduce carbon dioxide pollution include increased efficiency of coal-burning plants, switching from coal to cleaner-burning fuels, greater use of biomass energy derived from plants, investment in energy conservation, and use of clean energy sources like wind and solar power. Clean coal technologies also are emerging that allow carbon dioxide to be removed from coal-fired power plant smokestacks.
Federal studies indicate that electric power producers, the largest global warming polluters, present the best opportunity for significant and cost-effective reductions of carbon dioxide pollution. Scientists say that since carbon dioxide accumulates in the atmosphere, the longer the delay before significant cuts are made, the sharper and deeper the cuts will need to be.
Who is being sued?
Here's a list of the defendants. The suit describes them as America's Top 5 Global Warming Polluters (defined by carbon dioxide emissions from company-owned or operated power plants)
#1: American Electric Power Company, Inc. (AEP) / American Electric Power Service Corp. Estimated annual CO2 Emissions: 226 million tons, 2003 Reported Revenue: $15.6 billion. AEP controls 12 utility companies including Appalachian Power, Columbus Southern Power, Indiana Michigan Power, Kentucky Power, Kingsport Power, Ohio Power, Public Service Company of Oklahoma, Southwestern Electric Power, AEP Texas Central, AEP Texas North, Wheeling Power and AEP Generating. AEP owns or operates fossil fuel-fired power plants in 11 states including Arkansas, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Ohio, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia and West Virginia.
#2: The Southern Company (SO). Estimated annual CO2 Emissions: 171 million tons, 2003 Reported Revenue: $11.28 billion. The Southern Company controls five utility firms, including Alabama Power, Georgia Power, Gulf Power, Mississippi Power and Savannah Electric & Power. Southern owns or operates fossil fuel-fired power plants in Alabama, Florida, Mississippi and Georgia.
#3: Tennessee Valley Authority. Estimated annual CO2 Emissions: 110 million tons. 2003 Reported Revenue: $6.95 billion. TVA is a federal corporation that owns and operates fossil fuel-fired power plants in Tennessee, Kentucky, Alabama, and Mississippi.
#4: Xcel Energy Inc. (XEL). Estimated annual CO2 Emissions: 75 million tons. 2003 Reported Revenue: $7.9 billion. Xcel controls five utility firms, including Northern States Power of Minnesota; Northern States Power of Wisconsin; Public Service Company of Colorado; and Southwestern Public Service. Xcel owns or operates fossil fuel-fired power plants in Colorado, Minnesota, New Mexico, South Dakota, Texas, and Wisconsin.
#5: Cinergy Corp. (CIN). Estimated annual CO2 Emissions: 70 million tons. 2003 Reported Revenue: $4.4 billion. Cinergy controls Cincinnati Gas & Electric and PSI Energy, Inc. Cinergy owns or operates fossil fuel-fired power plants in Ohio, Kentucky and Indiana.
EMISSIONS DATA SOURCE: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency eGrid database for year 2000 emissions.


text:
By Bob Cavendish, from the Southwestern Historical Quarterly, 115 (April, 2012): 428-429.
The Edge of Freedom: A Fact-Based Novel of the Texas Revolution. By John Willingham.
(Portland, Ore.: Inkwater Press, 2011. Pp. 404. Map, appendix. ISBN 9781592994465, 22.95 paper.)
"Include, also," the review guidelines for the Southwestern Historical Quarterly state, "an evaluation of the author's success in achieving purpose." What, then, should the reader infer of John Willingham's purpose in this "fact-based novel" of the Goliad massacre? Indeed, what ought to be the purpose of any historical fiction offered to historians and aficionados of Southwest history?
Intrigued with certain ambiguities surrounding the defeats at the Alamo and at Goliad, Willingham attempts to "suggest answers to mostly unanswerable questions," "imagining and creating" as a novelist, while remaining close to traditional chronology. Historical fiction and docudramas have become, increasingly, the stuff of public history. How the past is understood, Daniel Aaron noted, is pertinent. Good historical fiction respects its framework while telling its story. How well does The Edge of Freedom pay homage to this revolutionary past?
Beginning with the San Antonio River ferry partnership between Carlos de la Garza and John Bower (both actual figures from the Texas Revolution), The Edge of Freedom narrates the impact of revolutionary Texas driving the two men into separate and rival camps. The narrative shifts easily among the competing perspectives of the Texians (Bower and Fannin's command), the Tejano (de la Garza), and the Mexican (General José Urrea and his command). Here are the familiar events: James Fannin's feeble move to reinforce the Alamo, the withdrawal from Goliad, the battle at Coleto Creek, and the infamous Goliad massacre. This novel's "fiction," however, is not in the sequence or nature of action but in the personal episodes and period dialogue. The Edge of Freedom is the human tragedy around Goliad in March 1836, of Fannin's command indecision and Urrea's struggle between duty and humanity. Conventional historians' interpretations emerge from reports, letters, and diaries–reliable, "eyewitness stuff," long on fact but sometimes ponderous. Good historical fiction recaptures the passion and immediacy at times absent within the bounds of standard chronicles.
The Edge of Freedom succeeds as a "fact-based novel" in its compelling blend of historical sequence and imagination: what likely occurred, and why? Despite the occasionally melodramatic language, "somewhere between the elaborate and formal diction of the late eighteenth century and the more florid language of the Civil War era" (359), we gain an appreciation of the consequences emanating from decisions and commitments reached by the various "adventurers," ranchers, commanders, and others who are a part of this story.
The Edge of Freedom is not a broad strategic view of the Goliad campaign but is closer to the tactical level. Unlike Kenneth Roberts's Northwest Passage, Willingham's The Edge of Freedom remains closely tethered to actual events. James Michener once argued that meaningful literature inquires into real motives and behavior of humanity. The Edge of Freedom is an inventive glimpse into the choices and dilemmas that plague people caught up in political turbulence.
How accurate should a fact-based, historical novel be? The "typical historical novelist," said Michener, is "a fairly honest researcher" who "knows what the facts are and ignores or abuses them at his or her peril." Willingham's annotated bibliography of fifty-seven primary and secondary sources follows an epilogue for seven of the principals (including Fannin). Together these two elements indicate a respect he has for the era but more importantly, the purpose for which he writes.
The Edge of Freedom works best as a supplement to, instead of an alternative to, classic works of Texas's revolution. Read alongside one of the contemporary general histories of the Texas republic or the Texas revolution (my vote: Stephen Hardin's excellent Texian Iliad), The Edge of Freedom provides an enriching glimpse into the tragedy whose ghosts were evoked thirty-six days later on the San Jacinto prairies.


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[TowerTalk] Ant Modeling (long)
To: <>
Subject: [TowerTalk] Ant Modeling (long)
From: (David Robbins)
Date: Fri, 18 Jan 2002 01:01:27 -0000
You are obviously right. No one has built and measured ALL the possible
combinations of antennas and surroundings so they can say for sure that
the simulation numbers are absolutely right in all cases.
However. They have evaluated the basic code and methods used (at least
for NEC which is the core of most of the better programs I think) in
enough cases to know that it provides good results. Will any program
accurately predict your antenna performance half over your roof with
real ground slopes and other nearby junk, no. Can you accurately
measure the performance of your antenna in its current surroundings, no.
So of what value would either of those things be in your case?
Absolutely none!
So, why bother putting all the money, time, testing, etc into developing
programs that can't predict real world performance? Because its
infinitely cheaper and faster than building and measuring all the
possible variations, tabulating them, finding the trends, and optimizing
from that, then retesting, etc, etc, etc, ad nauseum. But what good is
a computer model if it doesn't represent the real world? Well, several
things, as long as you keep two things in mind...
First. You only compare modeled antennas with other modeled antennas.
Now why is this valid? As long as you are using the same software and
modeling antennas that behave reasonably like each other the comparisons
are normally very good. They can be used to optimize elements, evaluate
changes in height, and test other changes as long as you stay within the
limitations of the models.
Second. You don't compare one modeled antenna to some other range
tested antenna. Unless you have carefully calibrated the range to a
common antenna that is similar to the one being tested the results just
won't compare. All the real world things affect the range test and you
just can't model them all accurately enough to do a valid comparison.
So what does this tell you? First, you can't compare the performance
figures quoted by one person or company to those quoted by anyone else
unless you know that they are using the same type of software and the
same set of assumptions. Second, you can't predict how an antenna will
work when hanging half over your house. Third, antenna modeling is good
if you are comparing designs or trying to optimize a particular design
as long as you are careful to stay within the limits of the software you
are using.
David Robbins K1TTT
AR-Cluster node: 145.69MHz or telnet://
-----Original Message-----
[] On Behalf Of Tom Osborne
Sent: Thursday, January 17, 2002 23:05
To: TowerTalk
Subject: [TowerTalk] Ant Modeling (long)
Hi All
credence to computer modeling of antennas.
know this? Has someone built and tested every conceivable
spacing, length, height and checked them with a field strength
hundreds of different configurations available. Then after that
thousands of different configurations when you figure boom size,
element size, taper, element spacing, element length, ground
below the antenna, terrain, etc. Surely each configuration
say that such and such an antenna with a certain length of
measure 360 degrees around the antenna for side lobes, rear
If these antennas are modeled at VHF frequencies, it would be
everything that effects the antenna. It just seems to me it's
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text:
Do Horses Remember Their Owners?
We've all seen movies in which a horse is reunited with its owner and seems to remember exactly who they are. However, is this just a Hollywood dream? Or do horses somehow remember their owners, even after years spent apart? Understanding your horse's response to various situations and emotions may strengthen your relationship, allowing for more productive training.
So, do horses remember their owners? Many experts agree that horses do, in fact, remember their owners. Studies performed over the years suggest that horses do remember their owners similar to the way they would remember another horse. Past experiences, memories, and auditory cues provide the horse with information as to who an individual is.
Today, we will discuss the emotional connection that can be made between a horse and its owner. We will also answer some of the most commonly asked questions regarding a horse's emotions and response to various situations.
How Do Horses Remember Their Owners?
We now know that horses do, in fact, remember their owners. But how is this possible? Horses possess excellent memories that allow them to remember individuals for long periods of time, even after physical separation. However, this doesn't necessarily mean that a horse will remember every individual they interact with.
Much research has been done on this topic, concluding that horses are able to maintain memories of individuals with whom they experience positive interactions. Once formed, this bond is nearly unbreakable.
There are a few factors that a horse likely uses to remember their owners. First, and likely the greatest factor a horse relies upon are auditory cues. Your horse learns to associate your voice with your physical appearance. Horses also recognize the postures and movements that you typically display while you are in their presence.
Last, but not least, horses remember things by learning to recognize and expect actions and responses to happen in a certain sequence. Through years of training and interaction, your horse learns to expect responses based on your positive reinforcement and conditioning.
Because of this, a horse who has created a strong bond with their owner is likely to remember them, even if they are separated for long periods of time.
In the same way, horses also hold on to negative memories of an individual. Owners who have abused or frightened a horse create a negative bond that is not easily reversed.
If Horses Can Remember Their Owners, Do They Miss Them?
Horses learn to expect certain behaviors and routines. When a horse becomes emotionally attached to their owner, they will likely recognize when their normal routines are disrupted. They will recognize when you do not show up each day.
Oftentimes, this directly impacts their mood, willingness to eat, and the ability to engage in activities. As soon as you return, your horse bounces back to their normal routine, a sure sign that they are glad you are back.
There are sadly times when you must sell your horse. Does your horse miss you after you are separated? Many horses do seem melancholy after separating from an owner with whom they had developed a strong bond. However, after a few weeks in their new home, they are likely to become more accustomed to their new surroundings.
However, a horse will not forget an owner with whom they have a strong connection. Horses can recognize owners from the sound of their voice, even after years apart.
Does a Horse Recognize and Remember Their Name?
How important is your horse's name? Should you ever rename a horse or are they attached to the original name they were given? This is another topic that is highly debated within the equestrian community.
Many horse lovers believe that a horse is simply responding to your voice and the tone in which you say their name and that if you maintain a consistent tone of voice but substitute different names, they will still respond.
However, there are horse owners who believe their horse does remember and respond to their name. Many individuals have conducted studies where they yelled a horse's name into a field where several horses had gathered. In these studies, it seemed as if only the horse who was called would respond to the auditory cue.
It seems as if the general consensus is that horses who hear their names often seem to respond to that auditory cue. Horses that are not often called by name, on the other hand, do not seem to recognize or remember their name.
Are Horses Who Remember Their Owners Sad If They're Sold?
I believe much of this depends on the unique circumstances. For instance, a horse that has developed a close bond with their owner may show signs of sadness when they are sold. In the same way, a horse that is separated from the other horses they have grown close to may also display signs of sadness. However, once they become accustomed to their new home, these negative responses are likely to diminish.
Horses that have not developed close attachments to humans or other horses will likely not display any negative emotional or physical responses to being sold to a new owner.
Do Horses Who Remember Their Owners Show Affection?
If horses recognize and remember their owners, miss them when they are absent, and develop negative responses upon separation, it makes sense that they display their affection as well!
There are, in fact, several very clear signs that your horse shows your affection. However, they may not be what you think! You can check out my full article here on ways horses show affection.
Having your horse approach you unprompted is a sure sign that they both recognize and appreciate you. Horses easily pick up on human emotion. If you are stressed, frustrated, and angry, they will associate you with those emotions. However, if you are calm and relaxed, they will associate you with those positive emotions and will gravitate towards you when you are present.
If you have trouble getting your horse to come to you, you can find some help here in my article for training a horse to come to you.
You may not think that your horse following your instructions is a clear sign of affection. However, as equestrians, we realize that horses have a herd mentality. They are constantly looking to establish dominance.
When you develop a close bond with your horse and establish yourself as the leader, they will respect your wishes. This respect will create a willingness to following your instructions without question.
Relaxing Around You
When your horse trusts and respects you, they will allow themselves to relax when you are near. Some horses develop this bond more quickly than others. I have had plenty of experiences with horses who were originally jumpy and aggressive that slowly relaxed after I intentionally developed that trust with them.
Do Horses Remember Other Horses?
If horses remember their owners, it makes sense that they would remember other horses too, right? We have all seen stories about horses who were once best friends being reunited after long separations. There is no doubt that they remember each other and the bond they have.
Not only do horses remember each other, but they also show affection to the horses they have close bonds with. Some of these are similar to the way horses show affection towards their owners. As with humans, horses often spend time with the horses that they get along with.
Of course, one of the most obvious signs of affection between horses is mutual grooming. This is a clear sign that the horses trust each other and have developed a close bond.
Why Is This Important?
So, what difference does this information make? How should it impact the way you treat your horse? Knowing that your horse develops memories based on both positive and negative responses should encourage you to remain patient and calm while you are around your horse. There is nothing worse than developing a bad reputation with the horse that you love.
Additionally, it's nice to know that your horse feels similarly towards you as you do towards them. Knowing that my horse likely misses me in my absence makes me want to spend even more time with them. Understanding the body language and communication methods of my horse allows me to work with them more effectively.
Owning a horse and developing a close bond with them is truly one of the most rewarding tasks. The relationship you form with your horse can be strong enough to last for a lifetime.
How do I discourage my horse's bad behavior habits?
The way you respond to your horse's bad habits plays a large role in the relationship you will be able to form with them. If you respond out of anger and frustration, your horse will develop a negative memory. However, it's crucial that you don't ignore these bad habits.
First, try to understand where these bad habits are coming from. Are they responding to a change in their surroundings? Are they suffering from an illness or injury? Understanding the message they are sending you through their responses will help you address the problem.
Second, develop a relationship and remain consistent. Dealing with bad behavior habits can get exhausting. However, the most effective way to correct these habits is through consistency and relationship. Your horse will begin to respect you more once you are established as a trustworthy leader.
You can read my full guide here on Disrespectful Horse Behaviors and How to Correct Them.


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Keeper of the King's Secrets
The second elegant and gorgeously written historical novel from new author Michelle Diener, featuring King Henry VIII's deadliest courtier and a royally commissioned artist caught in a web of Tudor court intrigue.
While en route to England from the Netherlands, royally commissioned artist Susanna Horenbout discovers a secret that could jeopardize the reign of King Henry VIII. As she and John Parker, one of the monarch's most enigmatic courtiers, evade the ruthless enemy seeking to silence her, they become entwined in a deadly plot that reaches to the upper echelons of the royal inner circle. In In a Treacherous Court, Michelle Diener brings two of Tudor England's most fascinating, lesser known historical figures vividly to life in a dazzling tale of intrigue and romance.
1. As an artist commissioned by King Henry VIII, Susanna journeys to England for professional reasons. Discuss the personal circumstances that also compel her to leave Ghent. Why does she feel she has been "exiled" from her home?
2. The story takes place over a period of several days, during which Susanna and Parker go from just meeting each other to becoming engaged. How did you react to this rapid progression? Why do they trust each other implicitly almost from the start?
3. Susanna and Parker both have unusual backgrounds that set them apart from conventional society—as a female artist, she is a rarity, while he comes from an upper-class family but ended up in poverty. In what ways do these experiences influence their personal connection?
4. "She was trouble. He'd heard of these women in the Netherlands and Italy, whose fathers took them into their studios and trained them in the arts of painting and sculpture along with their brothers," (p. 6) notes Parker when he first meets Susanna. Discuss how women artists are perceived in this society. Why do you think Susanna's father choose this life for her? What kind of say did Susanna have in this decision?
5. Susanna admits that her training as an artist is "a mixed blessing" (p. 35). In what ways is it a benefit? How about a detriment? How do Susanna's artistic skills help them uncover the plot against the King?
6. "I would make a poor wife," (p. 100) Susanna tells Parker. Why does she believe that her career as an artist will prohibit her from marrying? Were you surprised when she later agreed to marry Parker?
7. Parker has a different relationship with Henry VIII than most, if not all, of the King's other courtiers. Why does he feel such a deep sense of loyalty to the King? In what ways is Parker different from the typical aristocrats at court? How do his fellow courtiers view him?
8. After Parker discovers that the Duke of Norfolk is behind the plot to overthrow Henry VIII, how does he turn the tables on the nobleman? In what ways does Susanna play a crucial role in their pursuit to protect the throne? How are both of their fates intertwined with that of the King?
9. Discuss the scene on page 251 when Susanna joins the Queen's ladies-in-waiting. What does it reveal about the roles of women in courtly life? How do the ladies' reactions to Susanna's artistic talent differ from those of the men she has encountered?
10. What prompts the normally reserved Parker to do something so out of character and ask the King for permission to marry Susanna in front of a gathering of courtiers? What do you think he would have done if the King had refused his request?
11. In the Author's Note, Michelle Diener explains which aspects of In a Treacherous Court were based on true events and which ones she created for the novel. Share your thoughts on the story line, including the romantic and mystery elements. What is your opinion of how the author presents more well-known historical figures, like Henry VIII and George Boleyn?
12. How does In a Treacherous Court compare to other works of historical fiction your group has read, including books set in Tudor England? Are you interested in reading Michelle Diener's follow-up novel to In a Treacherous Court? Why or why not?
1. As a nod to Susanna's profession, take an art class, visit a gallery or museum, or provide supplies and have members try their hands at sketching before your discussion of In a Treacherous Court.
2. In the Author's Note, Michelle Diener praises Alison Weir and "thank[s] the stars for a historian like her." Along with In a Treacherous Court, read and discuss Weir's nonfiction work Henry VIII: The King and His Court.
3. Set a festive scene for your book club discussion by hosting a "royal" get-together. Ideas for food, décor, and more can be found at
Photograph by Daniel Navaratnam
Michelle Diener has always had a passion for reading and writing. She began writing stories when her parents gave her a typewriter for her twelfth birthday, and she hasn't stopped since. Born in London and raised in South Africa, she now lives on the west coast of Australia with her husband and two small children.
More books from this author: Michelle Diener


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What's the difference between leave and let?
Let and leave have similar meanings, however, they are not interchangeable. Keep reading to learn everything you need to know about these tricky verbs. Once you've mastered the difference, put your knowledge to the test in the free exercises.
Let can have the following meanings:
- to allow or give someone permission to do something
- They only let the children eat sweets on the weekend.
- My boss let me go home early yesterday.
- to allow something to happen by not doing anything to prevent it
- I was watching TV and I let the cake burn in the oven.
- You should let your beard grow, it would look really cool.
- I just let him shout until he was finished.
- we also use the construction let's + infinitive to make suggestions.
- Let's go to the beach after work.
Leave has the following meanings:
- to not interfere with something so that it remains unchanged
- Leave the door open, it's very warm in here.
- I think you should leave the Christmas tree the way it is, it already looks great.
- to go away or depart from somewhere, temporarily or for a longer time.
- I left work at 5 o'clock.
- He left home when he was 16.
- to forget something
- I left my keys on the train.
- You left your phone here last night.
We use the phrasal verb leave sb/sth out when somebody or something is not included.
- Tell me the whole story and don't leave anything out.
- The other children often leave him out at school, so he feels a bit lonely.
See also Leave/Forget.


Brochure | December 19, 2013
RF Cosite Modeling Software: EMIT Brochure
Source: Delcross Technologies
EMIT is simulation software used to predict electromagnetic interference (EMI) in complex RF environments containing multiple transmitters and receivers.
EMIT provides a framework for managing RF system performance data, simulating cosite and coexistence EMI effects, and mitigating EMI issues, resulting in a comprehensive database/model maintainable over the life of a multi-RF system platform or vehicle. It takes a unique multi-fidelity approach to predicting RF cosite/coexistence interference to provide rapid identification and "root-cause" analysis of EMI issues in complex RF environments.
Access Content RF Cosite Modeling Software: EMIT Brochure


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Wallula Interpretive Overlook
The proposed overlook views a Lewis & Clark campsite in 1806; Fort Nez Perce/Fort Walla Walla fur trading post,1818; a traditional village and gathering ground for Native Americans; the place where the 13,000 year old Missoula Flood formed Wallula Gap and the Columbia Gorge; a shorebird viewing area; an historic Idaho gold rush era steamship port; and the depot of the northwest's oldest rail line, the Walla Walla and Columbia River Railroad, 1875.
Walla Walla Treaty Councils
This site is dedicated to the Great Walla Walla Treaty Council of 1855 and the Second Walla Walla Treaty Council and related events of 1856.
Frenchtown Master Plan
The Frenchtown Master Plan prepared with the assistance of Otak, Inc. in association with architect Jim Stenkamp, as currently revised, including historical information, site analysis, and interpretation plans, is available online at this link.
Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation
The Cayuse, Umatilla and Walla Walla people make up the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation on the Columbia River Plateau, whose homeland is the area now known as northeastern Oregon and southeastern Washington. The three bands were brought together on the Umatilla Indian Reservation by a Treaty with the US Government in 1855, and were united as a single tribal government in 1949. Currently,the CTUIR has over 2,499 tribal members, continuing to care for and live on the land of their ancestors--a small group of people doing great things for themselves and their neighbors.
Washington State Department of Transportation
The Washington State Department of Transportation is engaged in a US Highway 12 Wallula to Walla Walla Planning Study, to determine the route and impacts of the planned four-laning of Highway 12. The portion between Walla Walla and Frenchtown which passes north of the historic St. Rose Cemetery has been completed.
Walla Walla County Conservation District
The WWCCD believes that complex environmental problems can be solved through voluntary cooperation rather than by regulatory mandates. We will do this by creating and then implementing proactive programs that respect both the need of landowners and the natural resources of the County.


How Greece is rethinking its once bustling tourism industry
With arrivals down 70 percent, the nation plots its post-pandemic future with a focus on sustainable tourism.
A couple visits the Acropolis in Athens, Greece. The columned Parthenon is usually surrounded by tourist crowds, but this year, due to the novel coronavirus, tourism to the country has dropped precipitously since March.
Photograph by Loulou d'Aki, National Geographic
Around the middle of June, a week before some international flights to Greece resumed, Michael Ermogenis and a handful of other Santorini locals gathered for their daily coffee at a bakery in the postcard-perfect village of Oia.
The stone streets of the village were quiet and empty this early morning, as they had been for the past several months since Greece's strict quarantine measures had taken effect. But unlike other mornings, conversation at the bakery centered around news that a tourist couple and their daughter had shown up on the island. They had sailed from France to Greece and were staying in Oia.
(Related: A surge in coronavirus cases jolts France after a quiet summer.)
So strange was the phenomenon that nobody could talk about much else for a couple of days—this on an island which typically welcomes 2.8 million visitors a year. "That's the sort of effect that the isolation had on the locals, that everyone started talking about these three people who had arrived," says Ermogenis. To his knowledge, they were the first foreign visitors to step foot on Santorini since Greece emerged from its lockdown on May 4—the first of what the islanders hoped would be many more.
Yet, by mid-July, even after international arrivals were once again allowed into all Greek airports and sea ports—minus several high-risk countries like the United States and Brazil—things did not appear to be reverting to normal. Although many foreign visitors were returning to Santorini, fear of the virus as well as economic hardship kept most people away.
From compliance to concern
Greece has been lauded for its swift and effective response to the novel coronavirus threat. Immediately following the confirmation of the first three cases of COVID-19 on February 27, and before a single death was recorded, Greek authorities started putting in place restrictions on large gatherings, including in educational and religious institutions.
By March 23, restrictions on all nonessential movement throughout the country were enacted, officially commencing a full lockdown in Greece. Over the following six weeks, people wanting to leave their residence were required to send a text message to a government-issued phone number with a code—a number from one to six—stating the reason for their movement. Among the acceptable reasons were: travel to or from one's workplace (during work hours), going to the pharmacy or supermarket, visiting a doctor, and personal exercise.
For the most part, everyone followed these measures without complaint. But with the approach of the summer tourist season, compliance quickly turned to worry. More than a quarter of Greece's GDP comes from tourism and the thought of losing out on the much awaited and much needed income from the millions of tourists who would arrive in Greece this year was terrifying for some.
(Related: How clean is the air on planes?)
"It's a choice between death by hunger or death by coronavirus," says George Koukoulas, an Athenian who owns Mezedaki by Lordos, a taverna in Kaisariani, an Athens neighborhood known for its restaurants. Although Koukoulas's taverna did better this summer than he had anticipated, business was noticeably down compared to other years. "This is an area with many Airbnbs, so without tourists we don't have the same amount of people," he says.
Crisis in Lesbos
Tourism numbers have steadily climbed in Greece over the past decade, reaching a record high of 33 million in 2018. But recent years have seen a dip in numbers in certain locations, such as the island of Lesbos, where the ongoing refugee crisis has scared away most of its annual visitors. Moria, Lesbos's infamous refugee and migrant camp, burned to the ground on September 9, leaving 13,000 people homeless.
People soak in the sun at Mesakti Beach on the island of Ikaria, Greece.
"The reality of the island was never correctly shown in the media," says Aphrodite Vati, a hotel owner and deputy mayor of tourism on Lesbos. "All you hear about is Lesbos and Moria and the refugee crisis and all this sadness, but at the same time, this isn't the reality of the island, it's just a piece of the island.
"By no means do I want at any point to minimize the dire conditions—the unlivable conditions—the people in Moria were living in," says Vati, who herself volunteered her time and resources throughout the worst of the crisis. But, she says, "people were and still are afraid to come." This fear, compounded by the coronavirus this year, has meant that many businesses on the island have not survived the steep downturn in tourist arrivals.
Silver linings for some
Greece is expecting a 70 percent decrease in visitor numbers by the end of this tourist season. Islands such as Santorini, Mykonos, and Rhodes, which depend on mass tourism and a more international crowd, will be the hardest hit. Whereas islands such as Ikaria, lesser known to foreign tourists, may actually end up faring much better.
(Related: Eat like a god on this sun-soaked Greek island.)
"We don't depend on mass tourism and we don't depend on tourists from abroad," says Isidoros Plytas, co-founder and owner of Ikaria Surf School. This year, with more Greeks traveling within their own country, there were even more Greek visitors than usual on the island. "Because we depend on Greeks, [the tourism decline] didn't affect us so much."
In particular, Ikaria businesses involving outdoor sports and activities were less impacted by the downturn, because, as Plytas explains, "lots of Greeks turned towards nature and sports [during the lockdown]." In previous years, most Greeks went to Ikaria for the summer festivals; this year they wanted to explore alternative activities, says Plytas, whose surfing school has been having a great season. "They were asking me about hiking, they were asking me about wine-tasting and cooking lessons."
Opportunities in disguise
The pandemic and subsequent slow tourist season have been an opportunity for Greece to rethink and reinvent the way it does tourism: how can it be more sustainable and less driven by mass consumerism? According to Ermogenis, who is behind the Save Oia campaign that promotes a more responsible travel experience on Santorini, there are several aspects to think about during this brief respite from the usual crowds.
"One is the degradation of the natural environment," he says, "and the other is the [subsequent] degradation of the experience the tourists have."
The number of tourists who landed on Santorini on any given day had become so high that many feared the infrastructure and ecosystem of the island would not be able to handle it for much longer. "These are the things that are going to need to change if Greece is going to continue to rely on tourism as one of its top two or three sources of income," says Ermogenis.
A two-hour ferry ride from Santorini lies Paros, Greece's first island to attempt elimination of all plastic waste. Leading this fight is Clean Blue Paros, an initiative run by Common Seas.
"Even in a year with so much more financial uncertainty and stress, we've increased the number of businesses that are a part of Clean Blue Paros," says project manager Zana Kontomanoli.
Kontomanoli says she thinks that the pandemic has been largely responsible for this unforeseen opening for more individuals and businesses to become involved in the initiative. The people who were too busy to engage with the initiative during last year's tourist season, this year had "more time on their hands to take the appointment and could hear about the changes they could bring about in their businesses," she says.
"It's [been] an amazing opportunity in disguise," she says. "It's just given us time to relax and see how things could possibly be."
Fahrinisa Campana is a freelance multimedia journalist based in Athens and New York, reporting on gender, migration, and human rights issues. Follow her on Twitter.
Loulou d'Aki is a Swedish photographer and visual artist based in Greece and Sweden. Follow her on Instagram.
This work was supported by the National Geographic Society's COVID-19 Emergency Fund for Journalists.
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CREDITS: 1.00 LU/HSW/SD
The course "architecture and sustainability: the Syracuse Center of Excellence" provides clear and well balanced information of a key architecture project on the topic of sustainability in contemporary architecture. The learner will receive a full overview on the project, its technologies and materials with focus on the sustainable strategies that were implemented in its design and realization. The reader of the course will be provided with an informative essay, a full set of design drawings, climate sections and above all technical constructive details of the envelope and its structure, including a wide range of images.
By completing the course the learner will improve its knowledge on sustainability topics in contemporary architecture, green technologies and state of the art design tools used, being able to use it in his own projects.
- Evaluate the challenges the Syracuse Center of Excellence presented to implement avantgarde sustainable design in a public project.
- Analyze the Syracuse Center of Excellence envelope, its architecture and technologies, after investigating constructive detailed drawings and how to use them.
- Research state of the art architecture of the Syracuse Center of Excellenceand how to design using contemporary materials and sustainable technologies.
- Identify sustainable strategies used at the Syracuse Center of Excellence, by investigating the climate sections shown.


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Saturday, 30 April 2011
Historic Plaques of Ontario - Major General The Hon Aeneas Shaw
At the south side of Trinity Bellwoods Park on Queen Street, just east of the Trinity College Gates, is an Ontario historic plaque dedicated to Major General Aeneas Shaw. The official unveiling of the plaque took place in the spring of 1970.
A short history of Aeneas Shaw from the Shaw Clan Family web site:
Aeneas Shaw, a son of Aeneas, 9th Chief of Clan Ay, was born at Tordarroch, near Inverness, Scotland 1740. As a young man he received a commission in the British Army.
He later sailed to the shores of America,settling on Long Island, New York 1770. He joined the Loyalist,Queen's Rangers as an Ensign in 1776.He distinguished himself in the most distinguished British unit of the Revolutionary War, rising to the rank of Captain. In 1783 he married Ann Gosseline of Newtown NY. and left the States for Nova Scotia and then on to York County, New Brunswick with most of his troop.
When his Queen's Rangers commander John Graves Simcoe was made Lt.Governor of Upper Canada he accepted a commission in the Queens Rangers provincial corp for Upper Canada. In 1792 Capt.Shaw packed up the family and travelled to Upper Canada, he settled finally in York. Shaw commanded the Ranger detachment that cleared the site of York in 1793, built Yonge and Dundas Streets and Fort York.
He retired in 1803 a Lt.Colonel. Impending war with the States lead to a promotion to Major General of the Militia. He commanded the Militia during the US attack of York in 1813. The General died Feb.6,1814 and was layed to rest at St. James.
The plaque reads:
Aeneas Shaw, a son of Aeneas, 9th Chief of Clan Ay, was born at Tordarroch, near Inverness, Scotland. A Loyalist, he served in the Queen's Rangers during the American Revolution, and later settled in what is now New Brunswick. Commissioned in the reorganized Queen's Rangers, he went to Quebec in 1792 and from there led the Rangers' first division to Upper Canada. The following year he settled at York (now Toronto) and later built a house in this vicinity. He was appointed to the Executive and Legislative Councils in 1794. In 1807 he became Adjutant-General of Militia, was promoted Major-General in 1811, and served in the War of 1812. He died at York, February 6, 1814.


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Adaptive advantages of maternal care and matriphagy in a foliage spider,Chiracanthium japonicum (Araneae: Coubionidae)
- Cite this article as:
- Toyama, M. J Ethol (1999) 17: 33. doi:10.1007/BF02769295
I examined the function of maternal care in a foliage spider,Chiracanthium japonicum. Females of this species make breeding nests with rolled-up grass leaves and provide themselves to spiderlings as food at the end of maternal care. By removing mothers from their offspring at 2 different times, the effects of maternal care on egg and spiderling survival rates were estimated separately. Mother attendance greatly improved survival and development of eggs as well as spiderlings. Detailed observations on the fate of immatures in breeding nests with and without their mothers showed lower hatching and spiderling emergence rates when mothers were removed. Furthermore, spiderlings that fed on their mother's body showed accelerated growth and quickly molted into the 3rd instar with the delay of dispersal. This suggests that matriphagy, or eating the mother, enables spiderlings of this species to disperse at a later instar. Therefore, I conclude that the maternal care of this spider consists of guarding offspring, supporting offspring development and feeding spiderlings.