Pat Martino: Martino Unstrung
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Pat MartinoA new documentary film about legendary guitarist Pat Martino, Martino Unstrung, focuses on his brain disease—AVM or arteriovenous malformation—emergency surgery, profound memory loss, and miraculous musical and personal recovery. It also presents intimate portraits of Martino, his music, his wife Ayako Akai, his friends across the decades, his family, and important locales in his life. It is only natural that one would want to know Martino's own reflections on a film which is not only about him but in which he actively participated both on and off screen.
Martino has been a big part of the jazz scene for so many years that it is easy to take for granted that he is one of the greatest jazz guitarists of all time. A virtuoso, his sound and technique on the instrument are impeccable. His musical range extends from deep and rich interpretations of ballads to fast-moving extended runs that are almost impossible to rival—from blues and standards to complex original compositions of his own and others. His mastery of the instrument and consummate teaching ability lead aspirants from around the world to study with him. Martino's understanding of guitar goes well beyond style and technique to include spiritual and theoretical insights.
Early recognized as a master, Martino has been performing and recording since the early 1960s. Unbeknownst to himself, he grew up with an abnormality of blood vessels in the brain called AVM, or arterioevenous malformation. According to medical experts, this condition worsened until, well into his career, he began to have serious mental complications which were improperly diagnosed. In the late 1970s, these symptoms proved to be caused by a brain aneurysm that required emergency surgery. As the now nearly legendary story in jazz circles goes, he woke up from the surgery with total amnesia for past events and persons. He did not even recognize the guitar or his record albums.
From that traumatic point, he gradually recovered his playing ability and resumed his career to where his accomplishments are even greater than before. He won the NARA Heroes Award for that achievement. Recently, the British film director, Ian Knox and his friend in England, neuropsychologist Paul Broks, collaborated with Martino on a film documentary about his memory loss and recovery, including an intimate portrayal of Martino and his wife, Ayako.
Martino Unstrung is one of the best documentaries about a jazz musician. Ian Knox is a terrific director. The film is spellbinding from beginning to end. It offers a moving, intimate portrayal of Martino as a person, a musical icon and someone who had undergone a traumatic loss of memory and made a miraculous recovery. It's a deeply personal testament. The following interview, conducted in person at his home studio, offers Martino's own reflections on the film and its personal meaning to him.
Chapter Index
 1. Agreeing to the Film
 2. Recovering from Surgery
 3. Examination of the Brain
 4. Martino's Life on Film
 5. Friends Les Paul and Joe Pesci
 6. Symptoms of Illness
 7. Healing
 8. Martino's Wife, Ayako Akai
Agreeing to the Film
All About Jazz: You are a high profile musician, and in a sense your music defines you, so what prompted you to participate in a film which is deeply personal and is focused on your memory loss and recovery as such rather than the music? What led you to get involved in such a project?
Pat Martino: That's a really interesting question in that normally what leads me to do anything that takes place prior to its fruition was the very thing that led me to want to interact with Ian Knox when I first saw his presence in the room I was sitting in at Ronnie Scott's in London. I was relaxing between shows, and in walked a very interesting individual whose hado, or aura, attracted attention. We turned and looked at each other, greeted each other's presence, and then sat down and talked. I asked him what he did, and his qualities were very magnetic and exciting. And it moved from there. And the film was no different from that moment.
To me, the outcome is what is left behind compared to the very moments of filming when it's been enjoyed as life itself. So, for me, each and every moment on the film is not what I see on the film, even though it's a replica. It has been captured, very much like a photograph of a loved one in a catalog. There's no life in it to me personally. I'm more interested in the enjoyment of my life, and that's what the film is all about. And that went from moment to moment to moment. Even now it still continues, and I enjoy what I'm doing.
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Take the 2-minute tour ×
Globular clusters were classified by Shapley and Sawyer as being on a scale from 1 to 12 where 1 is very loosely packed central area and 12 is highly packed central area. As a visual astronomer, it seems difficult to judge the concentration of a globular cluster.
Has anyone tried to classify globular clusters concentration classes for something like the Astronomical League Club for Globular Clusters? _URL_
It seems that to judge concentration you first need to know what percentage of the diameter of the globular cluster corresponds to the packed core. Visually, knowing the official stated size seems to be required since without that, it is hard to say how concentrated the core is as a glow percentage.
Can any human eye get anywhere near detecting all twelve steps of concentration? It is easy enough to distinguish 3 or 4 levels, but twelve seems daunting.
How can I attempt to properly judge globular clusters on the Shapley and Sawyer scale?
share|improve this question
2 Answers 2
up vote 5 down vote accepted
I don't think this is possible for visual observations, either. Harlow Shapley was a pioneer in the very early days of modern, scientific astronomy, before the transistor revolution, so there was less emphasis on quantitative parameters. If this work had been done more recently, Shapley and Sawyer probably would have taken good, deep, photometric, CCD images of their gc's, then fit a 2-D function to their integrated brightness. Parameters would probably include ellipticity, some sense of the original S-S concentration classification, and other things like squariness (technically speaking, higher moments of the distribution).
You could then do some analysis on the parameter sets of a large group of globular clusters, and see if there actually was parameteric clustering, or if they were all just distributed randomly through phase space. That would give you a logical, natural, absolutely quantitative classification scheme.
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BTW, I'm sure Shapley and Sawyer used photographic plates and early astronomical instruments for analyzing them. I once took a field trip down into the bowels of my undergrad university's 19th century observatory and saw some fascinating/terrifying machines down there. – Andrew Jul 6 '11 at 15:17
I don't think it would be a feasible task to do while you're observing a cluster through a telescope. Without being trained in this sort of thing, I think you would have to photograph the cluster or reference it some other way, and use comparisons with similar globulars to refine your classification. After looking at this table of each classification, it seems like the categories are solely qualitative and so it's just left up to your judgement.
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text:
Inter-Annual Variability of Wintertime PM2.5 Chemical Composition in Xi'an, China: Evidences of Changing Source Emissions
Science of The Total Environment
First page number:
Last page number:
Chemical characteristics of PM2.5 in Xi'an in wintertime of 2006, 2008, and 2010 were investigated. Markers of OC2, EC1, and NO3−/SO42 − ratio were calculated to investigate the changes in PM2.5 emission sources over the 5-year period. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) model was used to identify and quantify the main sources of PM2.5 and their contributions. The results showed that coal combustion, motor vehicular emissions, fugitive dust, and secondary inorganic aerosol accounted for more than 80% of PM2.5 mass. The importance of these major sources to the PM2.5 mass varied yearly: coal combustion was the largest contributor (31.2% ± 5.2%), followed by secondary inorganic aerosol (20.9% ± 5.2%) and motor vehicular emissions (19.3% ± 4.8%) in 2006; the order was still coal combustion emissions (27.6% ± 3.4%), secondary inorganic aerosol (23.2% ± 6.9%), and motor vehicular emissions (20.9% ± 4.6%) in 2008; while coal combustion emission further decreased (24.1% ± 3.1%) with fugitive dust (19.4% ± 5.5%) increasing in 2010. The changes in PM2.5 chemical compositions and source contributions can be attributed to the social and economic developments in Xi'an, China, including energy structure adjustment, energy consumption, the expansion of civil vehicles, and the increase of urban construction activities.
M2.5; Source apportionment; Emission changes; China aerosols; Fugitive dust
Chow, J. C.,
Chen, L. A.,
Ho, K. F.,
Watson, J. G.
Inter-Annual Variability of Wintertime PM2.5 Chemical Composition in Xi'an, China: Evidences of Changing Source Emissions.
Science of The Total Environment, 545-546

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Thanks for asking. That last word in the title of THE BOOK OF KILLOWEN, is pronounced 'KILL-OWEN,' as if you were saying, 'Arrghhhh! I'm going to kill Owen if he does that one more time!'
I'm hearing a lot of people say 'KILLOW-en,' with the emphasis pronounced to rhyme with 'WILLOW-en,' but the place name is originally two words in the Irish language and that's why it's pronounced the way it is.
As pointed out in THE BOOK OF KILLOWEN, the country was fairly rotten with churches and monasteries in the early middle ages. There were chapels around every bend in the road. You can still see a fair number of them, thanks to the Irish attachment to crumbly stonework. Thousands of place names in Ireland begin with 'kill,' and now you know why.
My farvorite reference book on all this is IRISH PLACE NAMES, by Deirdre Flanagan and Laurence Flanagan, which gives detailed information on certain common constructions in Irish place names, and then translations for hundreds more. Here's what they say about 'cill':
Means 'church' and is the form which most frequently occurs in Irish place-names. It is the dative singular of the word ceall, derived from the Latin cella, which in Classical Latin referred to a 'room within a building', one of its special applications being to a'shrine of a deity within the pagan 'templum'. In place-names it has a range of associated meanings: 'church, monastic settlement or foundation, churchyard, graveyard'. Of these, in place-names,'monastic settlement' is the commonest reference, particularly where the name can be shown to pre-date the ecclesiatical reforms of the twelfth century.If you're interested in the interesting and poetic place names in Ireland, you'll
My favorite ancient churches and chapels are places like Dysert O'Dea in Clare (pictured here), which has the most fantastic carved heads around the archway at the main door to the chapel. It's worth the visit, and cutting through the pasture and climbing over the stile in the stone fence to see this beautiful place.
The Nun's Chapel at Clonmacnoise (you have to cut through another pasture to get there!) is another great example of an intricately carved Romanesque doorway, and the interior of Cormac's Chapel at the Rock of Cashel is another, though it's badly damaged from too much moisture these days, and covered in scaffolding much of the time.
Another wonderful ancient church worth visiting (again, if you like climbing fences and hiking) is Teampall Chrónáin in the Burren region of County Clare.

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Coronavirus and Eating Disorders Visit the hub
Online Quiz
Host a quiz night virtually or in person and help raise awareness to support people affected by eating disorders.
Looking to test your general knowledge? Using Virtual Quiz Events is a really simple way of setting up a quiz online.
The quizzes already have questions and rounds set up and take about 20 minutes to complete, so all you have to do is pick a time and invite friends to join online! They can join from anywhere without having to attend a physical location.
If you would prefer to write your own questions and host your quiz night over Facetime, Zoom or Skype, that's fine too! All you need to do is set up a JustGiving Page to set a date and time for your virtual quiz and share with your friends and family so they can make a donation.
Remember to make sure that they do not donate anonymously, so you can send them the link to join the quiz online!
Get Started
Step 1: Create a fundraiser account on Virtual Quiz Events. It takes less than five minutes to do and is really easy.
Step 2: Pick the time and date of your quiz and set the registration amount. You can give the quiz a name that friends and family will recognise, so they can find your quiz when you invite them. If you want, there is also the option to write about why you want to hold the quiz for Beat and how the donations will support our services.
Step 3: Let Beat know what you've got planned so we can help you make it a huge success.
Step 4: Invite your friends and family to join online! Email, message or text friends and family to let them know about the date, time and name of your quiz. You can even share a Facebook event and invite friends and family to join too, sharing the link on the event page.
Step 5: Organise a virtual catch up before and after the quiz, so you can discuss team names and see how you got on!
Step 6: There will be cash prizes from a percentage of the registration for those who come in 1st, 2nd and 3rd place. The remaining 60% of registration will be transferred to you so that you can make the donation to Beat. Once we receive your donation we can get a digital certificate out to you to share with everyone who joined!
If you have any questions or would like any help setting up your quiz, email and we'll be happy to help.
Please follow our Fundraising Guidelines to ensure your fundraising is suitable, legal, and safe for everyone involved.


A command-line DHCP manager
About once a month, I get a letter from a reader looking for a program that can generate an ASCII text file showing all of a system's existing Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) leases. Fortunately, a tool in Microsoft Windows NT Server 4.0 Resource Kit offers a solution to this common problem.
The Problem
The DHCP service simplifies assigning IP addresses to computers on a network. After you designate a range of IP addresses (a scope in DHCP terminology) on a Windows NT server that acts as a DHCP server, you no longer need to manually enter IP addresses on your NT or other Windows workstations. Like magic, your PCs find the DHCP server, and the DHCP server gives them the next available IP address automatically.
Because DHCP gives the addresses only for a fixed length of time, the PCs lease their IP addresses from the server. The DHCP Manager that comes with NT Server lets you see a list of all currently-leased IP addresses, or active leases, but you can view them only through the DHCP Manager GUI.
You cannot use the DHCP Manager to output a list of active leases to a file. However, you might want to dump lease information to an ASCII file for several reasons: You need to feed information about active leases into your Domain Name System (DNS) servers (the link between the Windows Internet Naming Service--WINS--and DNS can be troublesome). You want to use the information as input into a homegrown network management tool. You want to back up the data, or you're just curious.
Problem Solved
DHCPCMD solves the text-dump problem. DHCPCMD is a command-line tool that lists active leases, creates new scopes, and modifies DHCP server parameters. I'll focus on the active lease listing function, because it's the most useful. The syntax looks like
dhcpcmd enumclients \[-v\] \[-h\]
Serveripaddress is the IP address of the DHCP server. You must use the server's IP address or a NetBIOS name (such as \\JUBJUB); DHCPCMD cannot resolve DNS names. Scopeaddress is the network number of the DHCP scope. Look in the left pane of the DHCP Manager, and you'll see the network number under the server's name. (If you're not clear about what a network number is, see "IP Routing with NT," March 1996.) The DHCP Manager lets you use labels, such as basic scope, as the scope address, but DHCPCMD takes only the network number. If you use the -v option, DHCPCMD will give you a lot of information through long, descriptive messages. If you use the -h option, DHCPCMD will include hardware information about the machines with active leases.
Suppose you have a DHCP server named Numberman at IP address that hands out leases from through, and the network number of this scope is You can ask the server to show you its active leases with either of the following commands:
dhcpcmd enumclients
dhcpcmd \\numberman enumclients
DHCP's response might look like
1200.200.100.10MYIBM01/30/1998 02:32:41
2200.200.100.11DOODAD01/30/1998 02:47:41
Command successfully completed.
In this example, only two computers have IP addresses on Numberman, but DHCPCMD will dump IP addresses for as many computers as you have. You can redirect the output to capture the list of computers for future reference. To save the previous list, I type
dhcpcmd \\numberman enumclients >saveit.txt
DHCPCMD will save the output to saveit.txt.
DHCPCMD is a cool tool that you're likely to find useful. Just remember that you must refer to DHCP servers by their IP address or NetBIOS name (not their DNS name), and you must refer to scopes by their network number (not their scope name). In addition, I found a limitation of DHCPCMD: I couldn't run the tool on a DHCP server from a workstation in a non-trusted domain, even though NT had authenticated me on the DHCP server with an account that the DHCP server recognized as an administrative account. Thus, a final rule: Run DHCPCMD from NT machines in trusted domains.


Dave Reeves crafted guitar amplifier masterpieces without the assistance of computers, software or the Internet... In 1966 "graphical methods" meant drawing Bode plots with a pencil and ruler... Times have changed. ● Master the basics ● Design your amp ● Know it works Amp Design for the 21st Century
I love to work on tube amps. It takes work to get them running, but once they work all that hard work really pays off. These are just some of the definitions of work that have no meaning to a physicist like Georg Simon Ohm. To him work is required to move an object against a force that opposes its motion. So lifting your Hiwatt DR103 from the floor to your work bench requires work, because you are moving the amp upwards against the force of gravity that opposes it. On the other hand, carrying a Twin Reverb around the block is no work at all, because the amp is moving horizontally - gravity does not oppose the movement in that direction. (So when the road crew complains just refer back to this tutorial and explain to them why there is no work involved.)
Moving the amp from your test bench to the floor takes work, in this case negative work because the direction of motion is helped along by the force of gravity. If all this sounds strange already, just add this concept to the mix: work is independent of time. It takes a specific amount of work to lift your DR103 to the bench. It doesn't matter whether you jerk it upwards in a fraction of a second or take 20 minutes to lift it over the same path. It is the same amount of work.
When the opposing force is measured in newtons and when the distance traveled against the opposing force is measured in meters, then the work, measured in joules, is the force times the distance:
W = Fd
Question: a 30 kilogram tube amp would be how many kilograms on the moon? Answer: 30 kilograms. It turns out that a kilogram is a unit of mass. The force that we think of when we try to lift that parallel push-pull boat anchor is the mass times the acceleration of gravity, which happens to be 9.8 meters per second squared. When we multiply the number of kilograms by 9.8, we get the force of earth's gravity measured in newtons.
The output transformer for your Traynor YGA-1 is mounted upside down and weighs 6.6 pounds. What is the force of gravity pulling it downward?
Amp Books®
6.6 pounds is 6.6/2.2 = 3kg. The force of gravity in newtons is then
(3kg)(9.8m/s2) = 29N
Guitar Amplifier Electronics: Fender Deluxe
New! Guitar Amplifier Electronics: Fender Deluxe - from TV front to narrow panel to brownface to blackface Reverb
Your vintage 6.6 pound output transformer is resting on the floor when you suddenly decide it would be perfect for your JTM45 re-issue. The top of your bench is 1.2 meters above the floor. How much work is required to pick up the transformer and place it on the bench? What if the transformer is sitting on the floor in the next room, which is 20 meters away?
We determined in the previous problem that the force of gravity on a 6.6 pound object is 29 newtons. The amount of work in joules is then
(29N)(1.2m) = 35J
Lateral movement is not opposed by gravity and the transformer in the next room travels the same vertical distance. It therefore takes the same amount of work, 35 joules.
Opposite charges attract. Like charges repel. If we move a negative electron towards another electron we perform work because we are moving against an opposing force. Moving two electrons toward two other electrons requires more work because there is more opposing force. We often need a convenient way to describe how much work is required to move charge from one point to another. That concept is voltage.
electric field lines of force
If moving a positive charge from point B to point A requires positive work, then point A is said to have a positive voltage with respect to B. The voltage in volts is equal to the work required in joules divided by the amount of charge in coulombs:
V = W/Q
Since W and Q can be positive or negative, it stands to reason that V can be positive or negative also.
Guitar Amplifier Electronics: Basic Theory
Guitar Amplifier Electronics: Basic Theory - master the basics of preamp, power amp, and power supply design!
It takes 1.6kJ (1600 joules) of energy to move 1x1020 electrons from the plate supply (Point A) through the plate load resistor to the plate (Point B) of your JTM45 preamp. (Notice that this is opposite to the actual electron flow shown here.) What is the voltage V across the resistor?
- V + B A 300VDC
1x1020 electrons represent
(1x1020)(-1.6x10-19C) = -16C
of charge. Thus +1.6kJ of work is required to drive -16C from Point A to Point B. This means that it would take +1.6kJ of work to drive a positive charge of 16C from Point B to Point A. We therefore conclude that the voltage at A is positive with respect to B by an amount equal to
V = 1.6kJ / 16C = 100V
Thus there is a drop of 100 volts across the resistor from the plate supply to the plate.
Fundamentals of Guitar Amplifier System Design
Fundamentals of Guitar Amplifier System Design - design your amp using a structured, professional methodology!
Power is a measure of the amount of work or energy being expended over time. When measured over the period of one second, the number of joules of sonic energy created from an Ampeg SVT with six push-pull power tubes cranked full blast is going to be far more than from a Champ 5E1. By the same concept it takes no additional work to physically lift your Hiwatt quickly, but it takes more power because the work is performed over a shorter time period. When work is measured in joules and time is measured in seconds, then the power in watts is equal to the total work divided by the total time:
P = W/t
It takes you 2 seconds to steadily lift your 6.6 pound output transformer from the floor to the top of your bench, a total vertical distance of 1.2 meters. What is the average amount of power you are expending as you lift it?
We determined earlier that it takes 35 joules of work to lift the transformer. You expend that energy in 2 seconds so the average power, in watts, rendered upon the transformer by your arms and quadriceps is
P = 35J / 2s = 17W
The Relationship Between Voltage, Current, and Power
We have seen that the voltage between two points is an indication of the amount of work needed to move charge between the two points. Turning this concept around, work can be defined as the voltage between the two points times the charged that was moved between them:
W = VQ
We can use these concepts to derive a very important formula for guitar amplifiers. The relationship between voltage, current, and power is
P = W/t = (VQ)/t = V(Q/t) = VI
where the variable "I" is used to denote current. When I is in amps and V is in volts, then P is in watts.
Guitar Amplifier Electronics: Circuit Simulation
Guitar Amplifier Electronics: Circuit Simulation - know your design works by measuring performance at every point in the amplifier!
A steady current of 11mA flows through a Fender Bassman 5F6-A choke when no guitar signal is present. The choke is not a perfect inductor, because its internal windings have DC resistance that causes a 1.2 volt drop across it. How much power is the choke giving off in the form of heat?
screens plates 11mA
Since the voltage across the choke and the current through it are steady (well, maybe a little AC ripple) the power given off as heat, measured in milliwatts, is
(1.2V)(11mA) = 13mW
The 47-ohm cathode resistor in the power amp of your Vox AC30 is rated at 10 watts maximum power. At idle the voltage across it is normally 10 volts. What would the average current through the resistor need to be to produce 10 watts of heat?
10V 10 watts
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text:
For Immediate Release
Landman, director of Georgia Tech's Center for Computational Materials
Science, will receive recognition from the MRS, the world's largest materials
professional society. The medal award
is given to recognize "a specific outstanding recent discovery or
advancement that is expected to have a major impact on the progress of
any materials-related field." Charles M. Lieber of Harvard University
will also be honored with a medal at the ceremony.
Landman's award is for the development and implementation of research
methodologies that use molecular dynamics simulations to predict the often-surprising
behavior that occurs at the nanoscale when surfaces of solid and liquid
materials meet. Landman's research team has examined the effects of friction
and lubrication in these small-scale systems, predicting how such systems
would behave long before they could be fabricated. Over time, most of
their key predictions in this new science of nanotribology have been confirmed
Performed on large parallel-processing computers, the simulations use
known laws of physics - including quantum mechanics - to predict how hundreds
of thousands of molecules or atoms interact and respond to external influences
such as the exertion of a load or the application of shear relative motion
between bodies in contact. The resulting calculations will help engineers
design smaller and smaller disk drives, nanometer-scale machines and even
biomechanical implants used in the body.
A faculty member in Georgia Tech's School
of Physics since 1977 and currently a Regents' and Institute Professor
and Fuller E. Callaway chair, Landman began working on molecular dynamics
simulations in the late 1970s. A 1990 article he published in the journal
Science brought particular attention to the field by "demonstrating
the capacity of realistic molecular dynamics simulations to make specific
predictions that could be compared to quantitative measurements in the
field of tribology," the MRS citation says.
"In many respects, Landman helped create the field of nanotribology
as he contributed to both classical and quantum mechanical molecular dynamics
simulation methodologies, leading to an understanding of the atomic origins
underlying nanoscale tribological processes," the MRS added.
The 1990 Science paper used large-scale molecular dynamics simulations
done on large supercomputers to show that when a nickel tip was brought
into close proximity to a sheet of gold, gold atoms would jump from the
sheet to the probe.
"To our amazement, we found the gold atoms jumping to contact the
nickel probe at short distances," Landman recalled. "Then we
did simulations in which we withdrew the tip after contact and found that
a nanometer-sized wire made of gold was created. That gold would deform
in this manner amazed us, because gold is not supposed to do this."
The simulations were done several years before scientists began to make
and measure the properties of wires on that size scale, and prior to the
rise of the nanoscience and nanotechnology field.
These early simulations and subsequent ones showed that nanometer-scale
wires, called interfacial junctions, would be formed whenever bare metal
surfaces, as well as other material surfaces, were brought into close
proximity. Transforming earlier notions in the microscopic domain, the
simulation results suggested that breaking these junctions is the cause
of friction - resistance to motion - in small-scale mechanical devices.
"It is the need to shear these junctions when you move two bodies
parallel to one another that dissipates energy," Landman noted. "Work
is dissipated and irreversibly lost in the process of formation and breakup
of these junctions. That's what causes the resistance to motion."
Landman also showed that lubricant molecules may no longer behave as
lubricants when trapped in very small gaps between surfaces. Instead,
they organize themselves into "soft crystals" that increase
rather than decrease resistance to motion.
"It turns out that in this kind of a nanotribological situation,
molecules do not behave like they do in bulk," he said. "When
you confine fluids of this type to such small dimensions, they behave
very differently. The viscosity is different, the degree of order is different
and they have a tendency to self-order themselves parallel to the sliding
surfaces. Under such circumstances, the lubricant can become a source
of problems because it is no longer a liquid."
Landman and his group have formulated and simulated techniques that could
be used to maintain the lubricating properties by "frustrating"
the molecules' attempts to align themselves. One strategy would be to
use branch-chain molecules that cannot align themselves into soft crystals.
Another technique would be to rapidly vary the distance between the moving
surfaces, keeping the lubricant molecules in motion - thereby preventing
them from forming soft-solid crystals.
Other simulations showed that nanometer-scale wires would behave like
ideal materials because they are made up of too few atoms to have single
and extended defects known as dislocations. Without defects to impede
the flow of electrons, these wires allow "ballistic electronic transport,"
leading to reduced resistance and quantized conductance. This will be
important to the design of future small-scale electronic devices, Landman
In August 2000, Landman and collaborator Michael Moseler published a
cover article in Science in which they reported on a molecular
dynamics simulation that predicted the behavior of nanometer-scale jets
The underlying theme behind all of this work can be summed up as "small
is different," the title Landman will use for his MRS medal presentation.
"New behavior emerges on the nanoscale," he explained. "This new behavior creates interesting physical phenomena, and that is where the technological opportunities may lie. To take advantage of them, we must understand how these small systems behave."
Previous releases on Uzi Landman's work:
RESEARCH NEWS & PUBLICATIONS OFFICE
Georgia Institute of Technology
75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 100
Atlanta, Georgia 30308 USA
TECHNICAL CONTACT: Uzi Landman _PHONE_); E-mail: (_EMAIL_).
WRITER: John Toon


Why Is the APA Proposing Sweeping Changes to Training Requirements?
Letting bias shape policy amounts to an abuse of power by the American Psychological Association.
Ben Greenberg, PsyD
Psychology – Definition of psychology
1: the science of mind and behavior
Following a regressive trend towards medicalized behaviorism in recent years (and in contrast to significant clinical evidence), the American Psychological Association (APA) is using its outsize influence as the sole accrediting body in psychology to propose substantial changes to educational requirements across the US. If successful, this would mean that clinical training at the masters, doctoral, and postdoctoral levels will be further pushed towards emphasizing the model of behavioral health.
The proposed changes can be seen here, and comments are being accepted until October 9, 2020.
Behavioral health is a brief, manualized form of talk therapy that focuses entirely on symptoms rather than the individual who has them. As the name suggests, it is largely founded in the principles of behaviorism and cognitive-behavioral (CBT) modes of psychological treatment.
While this approach can indeed be effective in specific instances and has a solid place among other intervention models, the danger inherent in the changes proposed by the APA is that behavioral health is increasingly being portrayed as the "gold standard" of psychological intervention despite so much evidence and over a century of clinical wisdom that points to the contrary.
Designed to fit psychologists into primary care teams in rapid-pace medical settings, the behavioral health model is structured more to fit the needs of the for-profit healthcare system and insurance companies rather than the needs and context of the individuals seeking treatment. With its total emphasis on what can be observed and manipulated in human behavior, crucial aspects of experience, including emotion and subjectivity, are viewed as a "black box" that behaviorism is uninterested in, and that CBT holds as subordinate to thoughts and behaviors.
Part of the reason why the APA promotes this model over others is that it reduces the definition of mental suffering to be small enough to fit into the medical research model responsible for a great deal of unwanted side-effects in psychiatric medicine: the double-blind placebo trial. While this scientific method has been profoundly effective in addressing diseases of biological origin, when applied to mental illness and other challenges of subjective nature, it has many pitfalls and potential biases.
Confirmation bias can manifest in health care practitioners only being interested in and responsive towards that which confirms what they already know. Unfortunately, the other side to this coin is the all-too-common experience of doctors' disbelief, disinterest, or indifference to what falls outside of the frame of reference or their worldview—a source of profound frustration and injustice for many whose illnesses are inherently complex and have a subjective component that might not be observable through their behaviors or blood test results.
This is how Western medicine in large part fails to effectively respond to disorders with complex subjective components, including mental illness, lyme disease, Morgellons, extreme forms of tinnitus, and many others. With the exclusive promotion of the behavioral health model, it is in this harmfully limited worldview that the APA is intending to follow.
The solution is simple: the APA should do what psychologists are trained to do, and listen. Listen to your own constituency and patients, and promote greater inclusion and research of diverse psychotherapy modalities that take subjective factors and individual context into account. This is not only a no-brainer, the effectiveness of approaches that take subjective factors of mental suffering into account has been highlighted in clinical studies time and time again, including in the APA's own journals.
Part of this relates to the intractable fact that the mind/body continuum is indeed a "black box" in that it is not fully understood, is deeply complex, and requires time, patience, and effort to even begin to understand. But where this should inspire humility and curiosity towards helping patients articulate their experience to provide compassionate and targeted interventions, it is all too frequently disregarded in practice. It is not enough to neatly reduce mental suffering to mere behaviors for doctors to manipulate or medicate patients out of—to only frame the mental challenges individuals experience as behaviors almost goes so far as to blame the victim.
Behaviorism for all doesn't work for the same reason that overprescribing psychiatric medication for all doesn't work—mental illness and human suffering do not simply fit in manualized, cookie-cutter models of diagnosis and intervention. By establishing standards of practice that mirror the foundations of psychology as a pluralistic discipline, reflective of and curious towards the subjective nature of human experience, we can avoid the grave mistake of clinical psychology serving a reductionist worldview that is indifferent towards crucial aspects of human difference.
Considering the blind confidence professed in the behavioral health model, you may be surprised that the data supporting its efficacy has been shown to be grossly exaggerated, and that the initially positive results in studies have been impossible to replicate.
Far from generating the predicted crisis that should have given rise to more reflection and interest in other approaches to treatment including humanistic and psychodynamic therapies, though, the APA has dug in its heels and is attempting to elevate behavioral health from one approach/intervention among many to the absolute standard of care of psychological practice, period. This gesture is an egregious act of confirmation bias, and betrays psychology, which should be the field dedicated to understanding and supporting the complexity of subjective human experience, especially mental suffering.
That the APA intends to ignore its own professed values, insult its constituencies, and engage in policies of dubious ethical consequence is sadly nothing new. Most troublingly, it was revealed in 2015 that the APA effectively participated in and bolstered the Bush administration's ethical horror of systematic psychological torture against detainees who were denied legal representation and fair trial in secret prisons around the globe. For an institution still struggling to overcome the aftermath of having committed such a profound ethical crime, very much against its own standards and regulations, we should sincerely hope for, if not demand, more humility, atonement, and consensus building.
The APA must stop attempting to confirm and enact its biases through its position of outsize power, and better act upon its own principles and research towards fulfilling its responsibility in serving the needs of its constituencies. As the APA falters, psychology in the US fails to take a leadership role in working together with psychiatry, social work, and the counseling professions towards democratically engaging real solutions to address yet another raging pandemic that has continued unabated in these uncertain, precarious times—mental illness.
Instead, the APA is increasingly choosing to defer to a deeply flawed Western medical model that it should be critiquing, rewriting, and perhaps even helping to dismantle and rebuild. Exclusively promoting behavioral health represents a capitulation to a broken for-profit health care industry and flawed research models that are the very basis of a system that chronically fails to support those who need it most.
The current proposed changes professed by the APA are another dangerous step towards a psychology without a soul—this represents a troubling failure not only to the public it serves, but to the profession of psychology itself.
 2. Great article! And the timing… I"m starting a position as a therapist in one of those primary care teams with a rapid paced setting. In the interview they mentioned rapid-paced many times! Shorter visits, with a focus on brief, CBT, behavioral, medically-connected interventions. I'm nervous as I'm leaving a place that allowed for full hour and was starting to dabble in psychodynamic and deeper trauma therapy interventions.
 I'm hopeful that the brief, medical model setting still has at least some benefit the less-resourced patients they serve, and that it doesn't lock me in to approaching problems that way forever!
 I appreciate your framing the responsibility of the APA to include diverse viewpoints. A cynical side of me see s the overreach of greed seeping in to all professions, prioritizing corporate interest over human need. I also wonder if you consider the growing trend of chat-bot AI therapy etc. as something that can add fuel to this fire. (behavioral interventions as gold standard + AI bots that do it amazingly = bills/policies that don't provide for the good diverse therapy you mention for most people).
 Thanks again, I'll be coming back to this article to ponder more!
 3. Not only a psychology without a soul, but without a clear identity. I would have thought that if the profession wanted to retain any credibility they should move further away from psychiatry, but the opposite is happening. We need to accept that for an ever decreasing number of psychologists it is still a calling and they are primarily moved by a need to be of service to others, while an ever increasing number (aka mini-me psychiatrists) see it as an easy and simple way to make money ("teaching" people to breath, tense and relax muscles and other "skills", "psychoeducate" on the reptile brain and the amygdala, encourage them to keep diaries and challenge all those wrong thoughts, go for a walk, buy a pet, etc.). More and more people are waking up to this farce and that psychologists are less and less able to meet their need for human connection, genuineness and true understanding in times of crisis.
 4. Can't say I agree with your presumtion about the existence of "mental illness" Ben but …..I hope you will allow me to hold such views without considering them to be an illness that requires me to be 'spiked' with benzos, have items 'planted' on me to obtain a police referral, and then start force drugging me for complaining about being snatched from my bed and delivered to a locked ward for 'assessment' before I even get the chance to speak to a psychiatrist. Still, I live in Australia, not the US.
 For some obvious reasons my interest in the enhanced coerc


text:
A collaborative work among historians, literary specialists, and architects, this collection is directed at filling the gap in our knowledge about minority neighborhoods in the southern Mediterranean.
A series of portraits examines the minority quarters of six Mediterranean cities: Fez, Marrakesh, Trani, Tangier, Palermo, and Istanbul. Each chapter documents the architectural reminders of minority presence: the houses, churches, synagogues, shrines, legations, and other public spaces that have been abandoned or converted to other uses. Authors also examine the everyday experiences that shaped physical space, such as family life, the economy, interactions with the rest of the city, relations with state authorities, and ties with the hinterland, the region, and the wider Mediterranean world. Finally, the book considers how minority space has been exploited and refashioned as a "place of memory" in which uncomfortable visions of the past have been revised and made suitable for current use.


Primary school bans anti-bullying book after mum complains about racist language
Friday, 19th January 2018, 10:28 am
Updated Friday, 19th January 2018, 10:28 am
A primary school has banned an anti-bullying book after a mum complained about the word 'P***' being used in a chapter about racist abuse.
Jay Desai, 39, claimed she was horrified when her nine-year-old daughter was told by teachers to read 'Deadly Letter' by Mary Hoffman.
The book, published in 1990, tells the fictional story of a girl called Prity who had just arrived in England from India.
During a three-page passage in the book, the word 'P***' was used to describe Prity's abuse at the hands of school bullies.
Greswold Primary School in Solihull, West Mids., has now removed the book from the library after Mrs Desai lodged a complaint with headteacher Karen Scott.
Mrs Desai, of Solihull, said: "I don't know how it was published in the first place let alone distributed to schools.
"It makes comments about white people - all again very disgusting especially when the book is aimed at six and seven-year-olds.
"The school have been excellent in the way they dealt with the issue.
"They listened to my opinion and took on board my concerns.
"In certain situations, if being someone was being bullied, the book could be great as it shows how a child feels when they are being bullied.
"But I don't think that particular word should be used in a book, especially one aimed at children."
Mind your language
Mrs Desai even tweeted the author about her concerns but Mrs Hoffman defended her choice of language.
In a statement, she said: "I am very sorry if anyone was upset or offended by my book, which was the opposite of my intention.
"I wrote the story partly to highlight casual racism which begins even in primary schools.
"My husband is half-Indian, I have three mixed-race children, now adults, and have been fighting racism all my adult writing life."
Parents whose children attend the school, which caters for 332 pupils aged 5-11 and rated 'Good' by Ofsted last year, were split on the decision to ban the book.
One dad, whose son attends the school, said: "Having read the book with my son, I think the word 'P***' as awful as it is, is appropriate.
"The word is used in the context of bullying and kids should learn from an early age that this word is not acceptable under any circumstances.
"I'm disappointed the school has bowed to pressure and banned the book from their library. Racism should be tackled head on, not swept under the carpet."
Racism lessons
Another mum added: "I think kids of ten or 11 need to be taught racism but young kids should be protected.
"It's like swear words, you wouldn't tell a six-year-old off for swearing because they don't know what they're saying but older kids need to be told what is ok to say."
Publishers Barrington Stoke defended the book, saying the context of the word 'P***' being used was appropriate.
A spokesperson said: "As publishers, we have every confidence in Mary's ability to tackle the difficult subject of playground racism and bullying truthfully and with sensitivity.
"The use of this offensive term is challenged in different ways - and there is absolutely no sense in which the word is seen as acceptable.
"Our belief is that this story shows a proper, nuanced understanding of the issues involved in a way that we hope is appropriate for young readers."


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Monitoring mites with a sugar shake
It seems that every beekeeping group has its own way to monitor Varroa mites. I keep hearing variations on the sugar shake (or sugar roll), the alcohol wash, and the soap bath. But one thing remains constant: most hobby beekeepers don't want to kill bees in order to count mites.
The powdered sugar shake does not kill bees. The sugar-coated honey bees are easily added back to the hive and the sugar consumed. Both the alcohol wash and the soap bath give a slightly more accurate count, but both kill the bees. Soap and alcohol give more accurate results for two reasons: they better separate the mites from the bees and they allow an actual count of the bees in the sample instead of an estimate.
However, it is my opinion that beekeepers are more likely to monitor if they don't have to kill bees in the process. I also believe that the easier it is to do, the more likely it is to happen. Furthermore, I don't think the last scintilla of accuracy makes much difference. Your decision to treat or not treat will probably be unaffected by the one or two mites you missed.
Compare the two
If you are uncomfortable with the difference, you can try this at home: Do a sugar shake and count the mites. Next, use alcohol on the same group of bees and count the extra mites. In most cases, you will find that the sugar shake dislodged at least 90% of the mites.
If you want, you can assume you are getting 90% of the mites with your sugar shake, and then you can adjust the estimate by dividing your count by 90%. For example, if your sugar roll yielded 8 mites, then 0.9χ = 8, so χ = 8.8 mites. Let's call it 9. But do I think this is a necessary step? No.
In the interest of simplicity I have distilled a number of sources that describe how to do a sugar shake and tried to make it as easy as possible.
Simple Instructions for a Sugar Shake Test (Sugar Roll)
Equipment Needed:
 - A mason jar with a marking at the 1/2-cup level. Some mason jars come with embossed measurements, or you can draw a line with a marker.
 - A mason jar ring fitted with a round disk of #8 hardware cloth. This lid must fit on your mason jar.
 - Confectioner's sugar (powdered sugar or icing sugar)
 - A spoon
 - A container for counting mites. It should be white or at least very light colored so the mites can be seen.
 - A bucket, bowl, feeder, Tupperware container, or something that you will shake your bees into.
 - A small amount of water
Prepare all this equipment in advance. If you use a 5-gallon bucket to catch the bees, you can put the rest of your equipment in there for transport. Once in the apiary, lay out your equipment.
Now, here are the steps:
 1. Remove 1 or 2 frames of bees from the brood nest. Ideally, these frames will contain open brood and nurse bees. Make sure the frames you shake do not include the queen.
 2. Shake the frames over your bucket. Don't bang the frames, just shake.
 3. Take your bucket of bees, tap it so the bees collect on the bottom, and then pour them into your mason jar up to the 1/2-cup line. This will give you approximately 400* bees.
 4. Quickly screw on the modified lid.
 5. Pour the rest of the bees back in the hive.
 6. Spoon some confectioners sugar onto the mesh screen and work it through with your fingers.
 7. Shake the bees in the jar for about a minute to completely coat both bees and mites, using as much sugar as necessary.
 8. Invert the jar and shake it into your light-colored dish. Keep shaking until mites and sugar stop falling out.
 9. Add a small amount of water to your dish of mites. This dissolves the sugar and makes the mites easier to see.
 10. Count the mites.
This concludes the actual test. Next you will need to consult a chart in order to decide if you should treat for mites. Recommendations vary depending on the season and where you live. Also, recommendations may be given based on the number of mites per bee, in which case you will have to divide your mite count by the estimated number of bees in your sample.
Neither way counts every mite
None of the methods mentioned above—sugar, soap, or alcohol—count the mites under the brood caps, but most of the charts available take this into consideration. If you are uncertain, but sure to read the fine print.
Although this system is not perfect, it will give you a lot of information for a very small amount of effort. Give it a try and see how your mites are doing. One way or the other, you might be surprised.
*Estimates vary. According to Marla Spivak at the University of Minnesota, there are approximately 100 bees per fluid ounce.
Nick Holmes
Do you have a reference you can point at about the calculation for working out infestation levels, the only ones I know about are for mite drop through the screen floor under normal activity.
The University of Minnesota says this, "If you know how many bees were in your sample, you can estimate the number of mites per 100 bees. If there is brood in the colony when you sample, you should double this number to factor in the amount of mites in worker brood. For example, if there are 5 mites/100 bees, the total infestation is probably 10 mites/100 bees. If your colony has over 10-12 mites/100 bees, you should consider treatment."
On the other hand, The University of Montana recommends treating if you get 5-9 mites from a sugar roll containing 250 bees. I assume they are doubling the number to account for brood, which would give you 10-18 mites. Dividing that by 2.5 gives you 4-7 mites/100 bees. Those are fairly inconsistent, so I hesitate to recommend one over the other.
Today I opened up one of my hives to remove the spent HopGuard strips and put the quilt box on for the winter. I was surprised to find a nest of ladybugs under the telescopic outer cover and the inner cover. Although I have been bitten by the orange ladybugs before, I doubt the ladybugs would attack the bees but I was wondering if they would eat the mites. I would guess their main reason for being there was to stay warm and dry but wouldn't it be great if these are a natural predator of the varroa mites.
Nick Holmes
Ok thanks… gives me a start in terms of mites / role = infestation in hive. I should be able to extrapolate from that. Thanks 🙂
Hi Rusty,
I didn't want to use chemicals to treat, so I read & read to find the best way to treat for mites. So I settled on the wintergreen patty recipe you provided, sugar sprinkle, followed up with about 60 drops of peppermint oil mixed in about 2 pints or less of honey (theirs) in a baggie feeder. I also saturated strips of paper towels with a mixture of 1/2 cup corn oil and tea tree oil/peppermint oil/patchouli oil in a plastic condiment squeeze bottle, I used only 2 oils together. I laid the saturated 5×5 pieces of paper towels, 2 in each hive directly on the frames in the upper brood box, with the hopes they chew it up and get some oils. (I only overwinter with 2 deeps.) Oo I tucked them in with a candyboard, said a prayer and will check on them before deep winter sets in. This is just my second year so I'm still learning. I'm not a helicopter beekeeper. I'm pretty lazy, and I let the bees be bees. I don't go down in brood frames and examine and I don't cut things open or out. It's mostly because I do more harm being inexperienced than any real help. I hate tearing up all their hard work. The only thing I will do in the spring is try a walkaway split on my two hives. They beat me to it last palm Sunday lol!!!
Mark Martin
Very good! I actually tried the sugar roll method for the first time this year and had 4 mites drop. Ideally I would have done a set of brood frames in the top and bottom box and maybe averaged them together but I ran out of daylight. Hopefully the bees will make it through the winter and I can see how many mites drop next year in the spring, summer and fall.
PS – I'm trying the pine shavings in my ventilation board this winter. I'm excited to see how it works! Thanks!
I'm not sure exactly what you are asking... why what? But powdered sugar is found to be an effective mite control if done on a regular weekly schedule. It only gets part of the mites (and none under the cappings) so it must be repeated often. The sugar shake test dislodges a greater number of mites because you use


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Exposure to urinary catheters is considered the most important risk factor for healthcare-associated urinary tract infection (UTI) and is associated with significant morbidity and substantial extra-costs. In this study, we assessed the impact of urinary catheterisation (UC) on symptomatic healthcare-associated UTI among hospitalized patients.
A nationwide period prevalence survey of healthcare-associated infections was conducted during 1 May to 30 June 2004 in 49 Swiss hospitals and included 8169 adult patients (4313 female; 52.8%) hospitalised in medical, surgical, intermediate, and intensive care wards. Additional data were collected on exposure to UC to investigate factors associated with UTI among hospitalised adult patients exposed and non-exposed to UC.
1917 (23.5%) patients were exposed to UC within the week prior to survey day; 126 (126/8169; 1.5%) developed UTI. Exposure to UC preceded UTI only in 73 cases (58%). By multivariate logistic regression analysis, UTI was independently associated with exposure to UC (odds ratio [OR], 3.9 [95% CI, 2.6-5.9]), female gender (OR, 2.1 [95% CI, 1.4-3.1]), an American Society of Anesthesiologists' score > 2 points (OR, 3.2 [95% CI, 1.1-9.4], and prolonged hospital stay >20 days (OR, 1.9 [95% CI, 1.4-3.2]. Further analysis showed that the only significant factor for UTI with exposure to UC use was prolonged hospital stay >40 days (OR, 2.9 [95% CI, 1.3-6.1], while female gender only showed a tendency (OR, 1.6 [95% CI, 1.0-2.7]. In the absence of exposure to UC, the only significant risk factor for UTI was female gender (OR, 3.3 [95% CI, 1.7-6.5]).
Exposure to UC was the most important risk factor for symptomatic healthcare-associated UTI, but only concerned about half of all patients with UTI. Further investigation is warranted to improve overall infection control strategies for UTI.


text:
Hydrazine analyzer model 185 (CFA3018) ensures simple, convenient and stable operation. Install color-coded tubes into the relevant tanks with regents, install colorless and transparent tubes into the relevant tanks and press the button. Analyzer will automatically start calibration and then can be commissioned. After commissioning, the analyzer will perform calibration twice per week. Routine maintenance is simple. Reagents and reference solution shall be replaced once per three month. To ensure stable operation and low operating expenses of 185 model it is necessary to replace valve pump each year. Complete maintenance takes 1 hour per year.
Using additional integrated flow selector 185 model can take measurements of 6 consequent sample flows. Single analog output is used at normal conditions. Flow marker indicates the starting point of each new flow. Multiple output option is also available where a separate analog output is assigned to each sample flow. Multiple output option saves the last value of each output before update. Hydrazine analyzer model 185 has a pressurized reagent delivery system. Utility air is not obligatory for pumping system. 185 model uses a package measurement method. Updating occurs each 12 minutes. The device has the following security certificates: EN 61010-1, EN 55011, EN 50082-1:92
Clarity II turbidimeter is used for water turbidity measurement. Low level of stray light, high stability, effective removal of bubbles and high resolution of 0.001 NTU make Clarity II turbidimeter an ideal tool for monitoring of filtered water turbidity. Since this device measure water turbidity up to 200 NTU, it can be also used for various types of unprocessed water. Clarity II turbidimeter can be applied in areas other that potable water purification. For instance, monitoring of tail water, reverse cycle condensate and during water clarifier operation. USEPA 180.1 and ISO 7027 compatible sensors can be used. USEPA 180.1 sensors utilize the source of visible light. ISO 7027 sensors utilize near IR band LED
WQP model is designed for determination of conductivity value, cation conductivity of pH or oxygen dissolved in steam processes. The system includes pressure reduction chamber, sample cooling system, coarse and fine purification filters. The model is designed for sample pressure on input equaling to: 319, 180 or 120 bar.
WQS water quality control system is designed for determination of pH, Redox, dissolved chlorine or monochloramine, oxygen, potable water turbidity.
The system is equipped with customer-selected sensors and analyzers. In contrast to the other systems, WQS model does not use expensive sample preparation systems and toxic reagents.
WQS system operation requires flow rate of at least 183 ml/min, which ensures the possibility to use the system under condition of water economy or in the absence of water drain.


Sunday, September 16, 2012
Do Your SSL Certs Meet Microsoft's New Requirements?
This means that Internet Explorer will refuse to access websites that do not have RSA keys with minimum lengths of 1024 bits. You won't be able to exchange encrypted emails, run ActiveX controls or install applications on Windows. This isn't new, as Microsoft started making announcements about this well over a year ago.
If your first reaction is "There goes Redmond bossing the rest of the world around again!", think about it. 1024-bits key length is already considered obsolete, so if you're hanging on to 1024-bit keys or weaker you're asking for trouble. The National Institute of Standards and Technology bulletin 800-57 recommends RSA key lengths of 2048 or 3072 bits. NIST calculates that 2048-bit keys will be good until 2030, and then they'll be easily breakable by brute force. 3072-bit keys have predicted lifetimes of "much longer." So 4096-bit RSA keys have lifetimes of "much, much longer."
Now What?
If you're running some Windows systems, start at RSA keys under 1024 bits are blocked. This tells you how to find weak keys and how to upgrade.
The rest of us must use other means. OpenSSL has a bunch of tools for querying SSL certificates. Use this invocation to get information on your local web server, and look for the following information:
$ openssl s_client -showcerts -connect localhost:443
Server certificate
subject=/OU=Domain Control Validated/OU=EssentialSSL Wildcard/CN=*
issuer=/C=GB/ST=Greater Manchester/L=Salford/O=COMODO CA Limited/CN=EssentialSSL CA
Server public key is 2048 bit
You may test remote servers as well, substituting their URLs for "localhost." The example shows that the server's SSL certificate is verified by a commercial certificate authority, Comodo, that it supports the latest strong protocols TLSv1/SSLv3, and uses the very strong AES256 symmetric encryption algorithm.
You can query a mailserver the same way:
$ openssl s_client -showcerts -connect mailserver:995
Or an FTP server:
$ openssl s_client -showcerts -connect ftpserver:21
You'll have to know how your FTP is configured, because it varies. FTP/SSL is usually TCP port 21 or 990, and SFTP is usually TCP port 115, though sometimes it goes over TCP port 22.
Algorithm Confusion
A common point of confusion is the various encryption algorithms used by OpenSSL. In the above example the RSA key is 2048 bits, but the AES key is only 256 bits. The RSA key relies on an asymmetric algorithm. It uses a pair of encryption keys, one public and one private. The public key encrypts and the private key decrypts. You can fling any number of public keys into the world so that other people may send you encrypted messages, and you only need to keep track of a single private key to decrypt them. It's a clever way to easily to set up encrypted communications.
Symmetric algorithms require that both parties share the same key for encryption and decryption. This has obvious drawbacks, like figuring out how to securely share the keys, and like any secret when more than one person knows it, it's no longer a secret. But symmetric algorithms are efficient and don't need much computing power.
A typical SSL session is a busy little thing with all kinds of stuff happening, and it takes advantage of the different strengths of asymmetric and symmetric algorithms. The asymmetric RSA key allows anyone to establish an encrypted network session without having a pre-shared key, but at the price of significant CPU cycles. Once the session is established, new symmetric keys are generated and exchanged to encrypt the remainder of the session.
How the Internet Sees You
Qualys SSL tester
Figure 1: Qualys SSL tester.
I love websites that let you test your servers, and there are a lot of them. Qualys SSL Labs has an SSL server test. Test your server and you'll see a report like Figure 1.
It goes on to give detailed information like supported ciphers, RSA key strength, supported protocols, and it even says if it's vulnerable to the BEAST attack.
What the Web Browser Sees
Web browser developers are getting stricter about the SSL information they display. In the olden days there was a little padlock at the bottom, and you clicked it to see the SSL information. Now they have multiple indicators. Chromium uses little colored padlocks, a plain page icon, and other indicators. Click on them to get full details.
Figure 2: How Wikipedia's SSL is reported by Firefox (top) and Chromium. Firefox is gray, Chromium is nice green.
Firefox is simpler and sterner. A gray globe indicates a mixed http/https page, a gray padlock is an https page, and only sites that pay mondo bucks for Extended Validation certificates get a green padlock. Firefox keeps changing their SSL indicators, so this could be outdated information tomorrow. For today, Figure 2 compares the same page in Firefox (on top) and Chromium. This page uses very strong encryption, but it still doesn't rate a splash of color in Firefox, just dull gray.
Upgrading Your Digital Certificates
I'm afraid I don't have a simple solution for querying or upgrading your digital certificates. Your upgrading method depends on whether your certificates are self-generated or from a commercial vendor, and how your public key infrastructure (PKI) is set up. How strong should you make them? You ought to do some testing before deciding, because the computational power required for higher encryption levels goes up steeply. So if you're thinking you'll, go for the gusto and use 4096-bit RSA keys and future-proof yourself forever, try it first and see how it affects server performance and user experience. The NIST thinks that 3072-bit keys should be good well beyond the predicted year 2030 lifespan of 2048-bit keys.
It's also a good time to check your own server configurations, and to limit who they'll accept connections from. The Apache Software Foundation has a great guide, Apache SSL/TLS Encryption that is useful not only for configuring Apache, but for understanding SSL/TLS.
Even though this is all a big pain, look at the bright side-- if you've been unsuccessfully trying to persuade your boss that you're years overdue to block SSLv1 and 40-bit symmetric keys, Microsoft might be doing you a favor.
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text:
Written by adam on Mar 16, 2006
Food Dictionary: Chop, Mince, Dice, Grate
To chop or not to chop, that is the question. Whether 'tis mincing or dicing in the mind to chiffonade the basil to outrageous perfection. To grate, perchance to shred - aye, there's the rub. Oh fair Henckel's -- Knife on my block. Be all my ingredients remembered.
Epicurious and Hamlet, bring us this latest batch of food words.... words.... words.... words that tell us how we are cutting our ingredients. Do we chop, grate, mince, dice, or shred?
Chop: cutting food into small, bite-sized pieces
Mince: to cut food into very small pieces. Note: minced food is smaller than chopped food
Dice: to cut food into tiny cubes
Grate: To reduce a large piece of food to small particles or thin shreds by rubbing it against a coarse, serrated surface,
Shred: to cut food into narrow strips by hand or by grater or food processer.
Interesting. So you can grate with a grater and you can also shred with a grater.


text:
Poem Of Remembrance For A Girl Or A Boy - Poem by Walt Whitman
YOU just maturing youth! You male or female!
Remember the organic compact of These States,
Remember the pledge of the Old Thirteen thenceforward to the rights,
life, liberty, equality of man,
Remember what was promulged by the founders, ratified by The States,
signed in black and white by the Commissioners, and read by
Washington at the head of the army,
Remember the purposes of the founders,--Remember Washington;
Remember the copious humanity streaming from every direction toward
Remember the hospitality that belongs to nations and men; (Cursed be
nation, woman, man, without hospitality!)
Remember, government is to subserve individuals,
Not any, not the President, is to have one jot more than you or me,
Not any habitan of America is to have one jot less than you or me. 10
Anticipate when the thirty or fifty millions, are to become the
hundred, or two hundred millions, of equal freemen and
freewomen, amicably joined.
Recall ages--One age is but a part--ages are but a part;
The eternal equilibrium of things is great, and the eternal overthrow
of things is great,
And there is another paradox.
Recall the angers, bickerings, delusions, superstitions, of the idea
Recall the bloody cruelties and crimes.
Anticipate the best women;
I say an unnumbered new race of hardy and well-defined women are to
spread through all These States,
I say a girl fit for These States must be free, capable, dauntless,
just the same as a boy.
Anticipate your own life--retract with merciless power,
Shirk nothing--retract in time--Do you see those errors, diseases,
weaknesses, lies, thefts?
Do you see that lost character?--Do you see decay, consumption, rumdrinking, dropsy, fever, mortal cancer or inflammation? 20
Do you see death, and the approach of death?
Comments about Poem Of Remembrance For A Girl Or A Boy by Walt Whitman
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Still I Rise
The Road Not Taken
If You Forget Me
Edgar Allan Poe
Stopping By Woods On A Snowy Evening
A Dream Within A Dream
Edgar Allan Poe


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US Department of Energy
Date of this Version
AIP Conf. Proc. #811, pp. 54-59 (2006)
High resolution photoelectron spectra of xenon clusters of about 100 atoms, measured with photon energies of 20 to 60 eV are reported. Peaks due to the clusters are observed at lower binding energies than the corresponding atomic lines and exhibit different behaviors. The peak associated with the Xe 5p1/2 state at higher binding energy is relatively unchanged with photon energy whereas the Xe 5p3/2 peak changes its shape with increasing photon energy. The change is attributed to differences in the escape depth of the electrons at different kinetic energies and the bulk and surface components of the cluster.


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This is a brook-dwelling frog species, often found on large stones in fast-flowing rocky torrents. Angels Madagascar frog is mainly active at night, but is sometimes found jumping on the stones in the afternoon. These frogs live in very noisy torrents and, considering their reduced eardrum, this may be a non-calling species. It is locally common, but has suffered local extinctions in parts of its range. Its forest habitat is receding due to subsistence agriculture, timber extraction, charcoal manufacture, the invasive spread of Eucalyptus, livestock grazing, expanding human settlements, and is also collected locally for human consumption. It occurs in the Andohahela and Midongy-du-Sud National Parks.
Uniqueness Scale: Similiar (0)
Uniqueness & Vulnerability Scale: Similiar & Secure (0)
Unique & Vulnerable (100)


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Our Baby Parrots
All of our baby parrots are left with their mother for the first three weeks of their lives. Doing this ensures a strong immune and gut flora system develops. At three weeks of age, the babies are taken from the nest, are handfed and the socialization period begins.
At around eight weeks old, the babies have a complete examination by a licensed avian veterinarian to make sure they are healthy and doing fine. At the same time as the checkup we have them DNA-sexed. As the babies start the weaning process, we introduce them to a great variety of pellets, fruits, rice, pasta, eggs, vegetables and even some chicken.
This usually begins at approximately five to six weeks of age, but they are also still being handfed. We gradually start to cut back on the handfeeding as the babies grow and mature. We let the babies let us know when that time arrives. When they are not hungry, they will spit the formula back out or they just won't open their beaks. It is very common for a baby parrot to lose some of their body weight at this point.
All our babies are raised in our home, in a family environment. Our house is a very busy place, with lots of ongoing activity. We are Foster Parents, so we have children of all ages playing with, cuddling and just talking to the baby parrots. Running around the house also are two tiny Yorkshire Terriers and a Toy Maltese. Needless to say, our babies are exposed to many different faces and voices. The babies get to run around our kitchen for large periods of time throughout the day – this is their time to play together and get acquainted with their siblings and friends.


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Authors: Alexander Bolonkin
Textile storm surge barriers, sited at multiple locations, are literally extensions of the city's world famous urban fabric—another manifestation of the dominance of the man-made city over local Nature. Textile Storm Surge Barriers (TSSB) are intended to preserve the City from North Atlantic Ocean hurricanes that cause sea waves impacting the densely populated and high-value real estate, instigating catastrophic, and possibly long-term, infrastructure and monetary losses. Complicating TSSB installation macro-project planning is the presence of the Hudson and other rivers, several small tidal straits, future climate change and other factors. We conclude that TSSB installations made of homogeneous construction materials are worthwhile investigating because they may be less expensive to build, and more easily replaced following any failure, than concrete and steel storm surge barriers, which are also made of homogeneous materials. We suppose the best macro-project outcome will develop in the perfect Macro-engineering planning way and at the optimum time-of-need during the early-21st Century by, among other groups, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. TSSB technology is a practical advance over wartime harbor anti-submarine/anti-torpedo steel nets and rocky Churchill Barriers used in the UK.
Comments: 12 Pages.
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3 December 2012 | EN
Date leaves could improve water treatment in Oman and across the Middle East
[CAIRO] Date palm leaves — currently a waste product of date farming — could be used to remove pharmaceutical chemicals and dyes from hospital wastewater, say researchers from Sultan Qaboos University (SQU) in Oman.
The first hospital wastewater treatment pilot project is due to start in Oman early next year, and scientists are working to use this technology in both drinking water filters and for industrial wastewater treatment.
Since 2010, the analytical and environmental research group at SQU's chemistry department has been working to establish a hospital wastewater treatment unit. The unit would treat wastewater — usually loaded with microorganisms and pharmaceutical chemicals — before its release into the sewers, and potentially produce water that could be used in crop irrigation.
The team has been working to produce 'dehydrated carbon', a greener alternative to 'activated carbon', which is widely used in water filtration even though its production is a polluting process as it is usually derived from charcoal and requires the use of high temperatures.
Using dehydrated carbon made from waste date leaves instead is greener, cheaper and more sustainable, the scientists say.
Waste leaves are carbonised by sulphuric acid treatment at 170 degrees Celsius, before being used to treat wastewater.
This technique could be used across most of the Middle East and North Africa, particularly in Oman, where 180,000 tonnes of date palm leaves are produced annually, they say.
"We have found that dehydrated carbon produced from date palm leaves is as efficient as activated carbon for removing pharmaceuticals and dyes from wastewater," El-Said El-Shafey, the project's principal researcher and an assistant chemistry professor at SQU, tells SciDev.Net.
"Date palm dehydrated carbon was also extraordinary in removing heavy metals and can be reused many times," he adds.
El-Shafey says he has spent almost 12 years producing different types of dehydrated carbon from agricultural waste such as date palm leaves, rice husks and olive stones, which have all proved exceptional at removing different pollutants from water.
He is now developing the technology for palm leaves as they are abundant in the region.
The research group is also working to clean up industrial waters from the oil and mining industries, says El-Shafey. But treating drinking water "is our ultimate goal", he adds.
Wael Abdelmoez, owner of a start-up company that produces activated carbon from rice husks, says: "Activated carbon filter production causes a lot of [air] pollution, so using dehydrated carbon from agricultural waste might be greener".
There are doubts about whether this technique can be effectively rolled out, however.
Mahad Baawain, assistant professor of environmental engineering at SQU, says: "Even if the pilot-scale experiments provide positive results, it is very difficult for the industrial sector in our region to adopt and commercialise this technology, compared with the available and tested technologies on the market".
This is partly due to a lack of confidence in local technologies and a preference for those that are familiar and recognised as being effective, he says.
Stanley Weeraratna ( Sri Lanka )
8 December 2012
Dr. Baawain should be congratulated for developing this method of treating waste water, which appears to be very effective and economical.
Herman Winick ( United States of America )
31 December 2012
See the positive recent developments about the SESAME Project at these links:
Chris Llewellyn-Smith article about SESAME in AAAS magazine Science and Diplomacy; Nov. 2012
BBC program; November 2012
with videos of Middle East scientists
half-hour radio documentary; interview with Chris Llewellyn-Smith, Zehra Sayers starts at 9:40
All SciDev.Net material is free to reproduce providing that the source and author are appropriately credited. For further details see Creative Commons.


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Franz Kafka in Prague
House of the Minute
Franz Kafka lived in this building, called
the House at the Minute, near the Old Town Square in Prague,
from 1889 to 1896. Kafka was a writer, whose most famous book
is entitled The Trial.
Church of Our Lady
Franz Kafka lived at one time in a house
behind the Church of Our Lady of Tyn. He worked as an insurance
clerk for most of his life and died of tuberculosis at the age
of 40. His 3 sisters died in the Holocaust. Kafka is buried in
the New Jewish Cemetery in Prague.
Location of the Birth
place of Franz Kafka in Prague
A Plaque marks the spot where Franz Kafka
was born on July 3, 1883 above the Batalion Schnapps bar at the
corner of Maiselova and Kaprova streets. The original building
has long since been torn down.
Kafka's most famous works, The Castle
and The Trial were not published until after his death
on June 3, 1924. The Nazis banned his books in 1933. After the
1968 Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia, his books were not published
again until 1990, after the fall of Communism in 1989. This building
has photos of his life in Prague.
View through the window
of the Kafka Museum
This page was last updated on March 20,


What is jaggery (Gur) and how is it made? | 24 Mantra
how is jaggery made
What is jaggery (Gur) and how is it made?
Organic Food
Jaggery or Gur, as it is called in Hindi, has emerged as an amazing substitute to refined sugar. It is an unrefined non-centrifugal form of sugar that is widely consumed in Asia and certain parts of the Americas.
Aside from its sweetening properties, there are numerous health benefits of jaggery consumption regularly, and this fact has driven hordes of people to opt for jaggery in their diets instead of refined sugar.
It is an excellent substitute for refined sugar and also contains a host of nutrients and minerals. Moreover, the roasted woody aroma of jaggery has made it highly popular for use in many Indian sweets.
Around 70% of the global jaggery production happens in India. Typically, it is produced using the sugarcane juice but jaggery produced using palm juice is also common in a few countries.
If you are wondering how is jaggery made exactly, this post might clear up a few things for you. Moving forward, we will have a look at all the intricacies involved in jaggery production and how can you make jaggery at home. But first, let's have a look at the nutritional profile of jaggery.
Jaggery Nutritional Profile
When compared to regular refined sugar, jaggery has an impressive nutrient profile. Refined sugar only has empty calories that have almost zero nutritional value, but jaggery is rich in essential nutrients such as Iron, Potassium and Calcium.
This makes jaggery an excellent choice for health-conscious individuals who want a bit of nutritional value from the sweeteners they consume. Below is a comparison chart of the nutrient constituents of jaggery and refined sugar sourced from FatSecret:
Nutrient Value Per 100g Value Per 100g
Energy 383 Kcal 387 Kcal
Fat 0g 0g
Saturated Fat 0g 0g
Monounsaturated Fat 0g 0g
Polyunsaturated Fat 0g 0g
Carbohydrates 98.96g 99.98g
Sugar 98.13g 99.91g
Fibre 0g 0g
Protein 0.09g 0g
Sodium 3mg 0mg
Cholesterol 0mg 0mg
Potassium 31mg 2mg
Magnesium 160mg 0mg
Calcium 80mg 0mg
Iron 5.4mg 0mg
The table above clearly lays out the nutrient comparison between refined sugar and jaggery. As might be evident, the nutrient composition of jaggery is significantly rich as opposed to refined sugar that makes it fit for everyday consumption as a sweetener. Now, let's look at how is jaggery made.
How Is Jaggery Made?
Jaggery preparation involves boiling the sugarcane juice, and the process requires primarily 3 steps: extraction, storage, and boiling. Here is a detailed breakdown that explains how is jaggery made.
Juice Extraction
 - The sugarcanes are pressed or crushed in a machine, and all the juice is extracted from them.
 - The juice is collected and stored in large containers to be stored for several hours.
 - This process helps in separating suspended sediment from the juice and improves the texture of the finally produced jaggery.
 - The storage period settles the sediments to the bottom of the container, and the resultant clear juice is poured into a large flat bottomed vessel for boiling.
 - The sugarcane juice is stirred constantly, and impurities are sieved away until we get a brown and thick paste at the bottom of the vessel.
 - This dough-like substance is then transferred to mould of desired shapes and allowed to cool down.
 - Once the paste cools down entirely, it will solidify and become jaggery.
The colour and texture of the jaggery thus produced will highly depend upon the quality of the sugarcane and the quality of the juice that is produced. These steps layout how gur is madein a large scale preparation. If you are wondering how is jaggery made at home, keep on reading!
How Gur Is Made At Home?
These points explain every stage regarding how is jaggery made at home. Let's begin!
Ingredients required:
 - ¼ cup ladyfinger (Bhindi) water.
 - 450ml sugarcane juice.
 - Few ladyfingers.
That's it! These three ingredients are everything that you need to prepare 100% pure and unadulterated jaggery at home. The ladyfinger water helps in separating the greenish waste layer from the sugarcane juice while boiling. Now, let's look at how is jaggery made at home:
 - Cut a few ladyfingers in a bowl and mix ¼ cup of water.
 - Mix it well and then strain the water from the mixture.
 - Now, pour the sugarcane juice along with the ladyfingers water in a thick bottomed vessel and bring it to boil.
 - As the mixture starts to boil, you will notice that a greenish layer starts appearing at the top. Remove this layer using a sieve or a perforated ladle and boil the mixture further.
 - Keep boiling until the mixture thickens.
 - Now, to check the jaggery formation, take a small amount of the thick paste and put in in a glass of water.
 - If the jaggery dissolves, you need to boil the paste more. If it does not dissolve easily, you can take the mixture off the stove and let the mixture cool off.
 - Take a pan or mould and grease it's surface using ghee or vegetable oil.
 - Transfer the contents of the bowl to the mould and let it dry for a day or two.
 - Once the jaggery is dried, take a pointy object and remove it from the mould.
 - Let it dry again for a day or two so that the entire structure becomes hard.
 - Your 100% pure homemade jaggery is ready for consumption!
These steps might have made it clear as to how is jaggery made at home. Enjoy the wholesome goodness of this delicious sweetener as a standalone dessert or by mixing it with kheer or a recipe of your choice!
Also, organic jaggery is equally good if not better since it's free of harmful chemicals. Try 24 Mantra Organics's Jaggery Powder and taste the goodness of organic food.
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BBC News
watch One-Minute World News
Last Updated: Thursday, 15 June 2006, 15:49 GMT 16:49 UK
Claymore mines: Ingenious and deadly
Claymore mines - like the one thought to have been used to blow up a bus in Sri Lanka - are deadly explosive devices widely used around the world.
Unlike most mines, claymores are placed on top of the ground rather than underneath, and can be detonated remotely at a moment for maximum impact. They fire steel shrapnel as far as 250 metres in a fan shape in front of where they have been placed.
The claymore technology originates from World War II, when German and Hungarian scientists discovered independently that placing explosives in front of a metal plate meant that the force of the blast could be concentrated in a particular direction.
The technology was not fully developed in time for use in World War II, but in post-war research the US created a device - the M18 - that fired ball-bearings forwards at high speed.
The curved device could be placed above ground and pointed towards enemy positions.
After more refinements, the device was replaced by the M18A1, and was widely used during the Vietnam War, either to ambush enemy troops or to protect dug-in soldiers from enemy attack.
Ambush weapon
The M18A1 consists of a plastic casing 21cm (8in) long, 8cm (3in) high, and 3 cm (1.5in) deep, standing on two adjustable legs.
The plastic casing contains a steel sheet at the back, and at the front 680g of plastic explosives and 700 steel balls. It also has a viewing hole so that troops placing it can get an accurate picture of the area being targeted.
Claymore mine
The mine can send shrapnel 250 metres away
The device fires the balls in a 60-degree horizontal arc, inflicting its most deadly damage within 50 metres but potentially causing injury at 250 metres.
The balls reach a maximum height of two meters from the ground. Troops behind the device are left relatively safe.
The claymores have military advantages over other types of anti-personnel mines, including the key fact that they can be deliberately detonated as troops advance, rather than requiring an accidental triggering by the enemy troops themselves.
The claymores can be set off in a number of ways, including being detonated by a soldier using an electrical wire, or can be set off on a timed delay.
Claymores can also be set off by motion or acoustic sensors. Several can be set off at once.
Though designed for use against troops, the powerful blast can also be dangerous to soft-skinned vehicles such as buses and trucks.
In the Sri Lanka attack, reports suggest the claymore device had been left in a tree for even greater impact, to avoid any force from the blast being absorbed by the ground.
The term claymore has been used as a catch-all term to describe many other devices of a similar design, built in countries such as the Soviet Union, the former Yugoslavia, Israel and South Africa.
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Heart Rate and Oxygen Pulse as a Function of Work Rate
Heart Rate (HR) and VO2/HR (O2 pulse or stroke volume x arteriovenous O2 difference) versus time and work rate. HR is high and VO2/HR is low for a given work rate in patients with certain cardiovascular defects. With chronotropic incompetence or beta blockade without systolic or diastolic dysfuntion, the O2 pulse could be normal or high.
Heart Rate and Carbon Dioxide Output as a Function of Oxygen Uptake
HR versus VO2, and VCO2 versus VO2. In normal subjects, HR increases linearly with VO2 to their predicted maximums. In patients with heart failure, without chronotropic incompetence, the increase is steep. The relationship may lose its linearity, with HR increasing progressively more rapidly than VO2 in patients with myocardial ischeamia.
Ventilatory Equivalents for Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
Ventilatory equivalent for O2 and CO2 (VE/VO2 and VE/VCO2) verus time and work _URL_ decreases to a nadir at the AT. VE/VCO2 decreases to a nadir in the period between the AT and the ventilatory compensation point. Both values are high in diseases with uneven ventilation-perfusion relationships (increased Vd/Vt).
+ lesson 1 and 2
Question 1: Is exercise limited by impaired O2 flow?
Example of Disorders:
1. Due to ischaemic, myopathic, valvular, congenital heart disease? (panel 2,3,5)
2. Due to Pulmonary vascular disease? (panel 2,3,5,6)
3. Due to Pheripheral arterial disease? (panel 3,5)
4. Due to anaemia, hypoxemia, or elevated COHb? (panel 2,3,5)
Markers for Abnormality:
1. ECG; AT; VO2/HR; VE/VCO2
2. ∆VO2/∆WR; AT; VO2/HR; VE/VCO2
3. BP; ∆VO2/∆WR; ∆VCO2/∆WR


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at first blush
Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
- (idiomatic) Upon first impression or consideration; seemingly, apparently, ostensibly.
- 1990, Nicolas Wolfson, Corporate First Amendment: Rights and the Sec, Quorum Books (1990), ISBN _PHONE_, page 1:
- At first blush it appears rather strange to consider for even a moment the possibility that corporate financial and business disclosure rises to the dignity of speech protected by the First Amendment.
2002, Clarence A. Bonnen, Daniel E. Flage, Descartes and Method: A Search for a Method in Meditations, page 100:
- Third, it is only at first blush that one finds no exercises in conceptual elucidation
- 2008, Dennis Martin Altman, The First Liberal: A Secular Look at Jesus' Socio-Political Ideas and How They Become the Basis of Modern Liberalism, iUniverse (2008), ISBN 9780595430536, page 47:
- That may sound innocent at first blush, but a phrase like "American leadership is good … for the world" is a signal that these people want to impose their will on others; and when military strength and moral principle are added, the caution flag must be raised.
- 2012, Cynthia Garner, Secret of the Wolf, Forever (2012), ISBN 9781455510764, unnumbered page:
- At first blush it seemed the attacks by the werewolf were random.
upon first impression or consideration