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The female scale insect (Icerya purchasi) is an independent woman. She carries her own sperm—harbored in tissue passed down through the generations—so she doesn't need a male to have her babies. Scientists have long believed that this unique procreation strategy—scale insects are the only hermaphroditic insects and the only animal in the world to employ such a sperm packet—is harmful to the female, as the "sperm packet" consumes resources in her body that she could otherwise devote to making more eggs. But a new analysis, to be published next month in The American Naturalist, suggests that there are advantages to being single. By using her own sperm instead of mating with a male, the female keeps all of her family's genes in her bloodline. The strategy, however, may not be so good for the few males left in scale insect populations: They're becoming obsolete and may eventually go extinct.
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Floating gardens (Mexico, Bangladesh)
Floating gardens extend the growing area of rural communities where land is scarce. They are built by piling mud on top of anchored reeds in the water to construct a fertile bed for growing vegetables. The method is both cheap and sustainable.
The method dates from pre-Hispanic times in Mexico, when the Aztecs constructed chinampas or floating gardens in the canals of Lago Texcoco. The gardens became one of the most productive farming systems ever developed. By the time the Conquistadors came, the area of Xochimilco had become a rich agricultural district where many of the city's flowers, fruits and vegetables were grown. The gardens still produce flowers, fruits and vegetables today, and have become a favourite spot for both locals and tourists alike.
Floating gardens are amongst the options promoted to support the lives of the rural poor Bangladesh. Crops produced include Kang Kong (leafy vegetables), okra (lady's finger), gourd, brinjal (aubergine), pumpkin, and onions. When the rafts decay they are broken up and used as compost. A new raft is prepared for the next crop. The lives of once destitute families have been transformed by cultivating floating vegetable gardens on the Brahmaputra waters. As one farmer put it: "This has made a great difference to my life. Now I have enough food in the floods and I can give some to help my relatives as well". Training on the construction and use of floating gardens is provided by Practical Action and Gono Unnayan Kendro (GUK), a local NGO.
green growth opportunities in the Greater Mekong

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Alfred Nobel | 10 Facts On The Man Behind The Nobel Prizes
Alfred Nobel was a Swedish chemist and innovator who made a large fortune mostly through his invention of dynamite and other type of explosives. Here are 10 interesting facts about the life, achievements and inventions of the man who is responsible for the Nobel Prizes.
#1 His father Immanuel Nobel was a skilled engineer and inventor
Alfred Nobel was born on October 21, 1833, in Stockholm, Sweden. He was the fourth of eight children of Immanuel Nobel and Carolina Andriette Nobel. Immanuel Nobel is known for being the inventor of the rotary lathe which is used in manufacturing modern plywood. When Alfred was young his family moved to Saint Petersburg in Russia where his father became successful as a manufacturer of machine tools and explosives.
Immanuel Nobel
Alfred's father Immanuel Nobel
#2 He was very interested in the study of explosives
Alfred left Russia at the age of 18. He studied chemistry for a year in Paris and then for four years in the United States. Alfred was interested in nitroglycerin, a highly explosive liquid too dangerous for practical use. When he returned to Russia after his studies, Alfred worked together with his father to develop nitroglycerin as a commercially useful substance.
Alfred Nobel Young
Alfred Nobel at a young age
#3 His brother Emil died due to an explosion caused by nitroglycerin
In 1863, Alfred Nobel and his parents returned to Sweden. On 3 September 1864, when Alfred was 29, a huge explosion due to nitroglycerin in the family's Swedish factory killed five people, including Alfred's younger brother Emil. This however didn't deter Nobel from continuing with his study of explosives, especially of the safe manufacture and use of nitroglycerin.
Emil Nobel
Alfred's brother Emil Nobel
#4 Alfred Nobel is the inventor of dynamite
Alfred Nobel invented dynamite in Geesthacht, Germany and patented it in 1867. It was the first safely manageable explosive. In dynamite, nitroglycerin was incorporated in an absorbent inert substance which made it safer and easier to handle. Initially Nobel considered naming it "Nobel's Safety Powder" but ultimately named it after the Greek word for 'power', Dynamite.
#5 He earned a lot of money through his invention of Gelignite
Nobel went on to combine nitroglycerin with other compounds. In 1875 he invented Gelignite or blasting gelatin which was easily moldable, safer to handle without protection and a more powerful explosive than dynamite. Patented in 1876, Gelignite was adopted as the standard technology for mining in the Age of Engineering bringing Nobel a great amount of financial success.
#6 Alfred Nobel held 350 patents and established 90 armaments factories
During his life Nobel issued 350 patents internationally. He filed his first patent in 1857 for a gas meter. His inventions include detonator, blasting cap and ballistite, the precursor of many modern smokeless powder explosives and still used as a rocket propellant. Nobel also established 90 armaments factories by the time of his death. He owned Bofors and was the founder of the chemical and weapons company Dynamit Nobel.
#7 Alfred Nobel was called the Merchant of Death
In 1888, Alfred's brother Ludvig died while he was in France and a French newspaper erroneously published the obituary of Alfred instead. Titled "The Merchant of Death is Dead", it went on to say "Dr Alfred Nobel, who became rich by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday." Nobel was nicknamed the Merchant of Death because he made his fortune through explosives, which were also used for warfare.
Alfred Nobel
Alfred Nobel at an advanced age
#8 Alfred established the Nobel Prizes through his will
After reading his own obituary, Nobel became concerned about how he would be remembered after his death. On 27 November 1895, Nobel signed his last will which left 94% of his total assets, 31,225,000 Swedish kronor (equivalent to 250 million U.S. dollars in 2008), to establish the five Nobel Prizes for outstanding achievements in physics, chemistry, medicine and literature, and for working toward peace.
Nobel Prize Alfred Nobel
A Nobel Prize medal depicting Alfred Nobel
#9 His ex-lover Bertha Kinsky convinced him to include the peace prize
Although Nobel was briefly involved with Bertha Kinsky, who went on to marry Baron Arthur Gundaccar von Suttner. Kinsky corresponded with Nobel till his death and it is believed that she was a major influence in Nobel's decision to include a peace prize among the prizes in his will. She went on to become the first female recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1905.
Bertha von Suttner
Bertha von Suttner, who convinced Alfred Nobel to include the Peace Prize
#10 The synthetic element nobelium is named after him
Alfred Nobel died of a stroke on December 10, 1896, in San Remo, Italy. Though he had a few love relationships, he never married. Just before his death, he wrote a tragic play titled Nemesis. The first Nobel Prizes were awarded in 1901, 5 years after his death. The synthetic element nobelium is named after him. The Monument to Alfred Nobel was created in his honor in Saint Petersburg.
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Whether we like someone affects how our brain processes movement
Hate the Lakers? Do the Celtics make you want to hurl? Whether you like someone can affect how your brain processes their actions, according to new research from the Brain and Creativity Institute at USC.
Most of the time, watching someone else move causes a'mirroring' effect – that is, the parts of our brains responsible for motor skills are activated by watching someone else in action.
But a study by USC researchers appearing Oct. 5 in PLOS ONE shows that whether or not you like the person you're watching can actually have an effect on brain activity related to motor actions and lead to "differential processing" – for example, thinking the person you dislike is moving more slowly than they actually are.
"We address the basic question of whether social factors influence our perception of simple actions," says Lisa Aziz-Zadeh, an assistant professor with the Brain and Creativity Institute at USC and the Division of Occupational Science. "These results indicate that an abstract sense of group membership, and not only differences in physical appearance, can affect basic sensory-motor processing."
Past research has shown that race or physical similarity can influence brain processes, and we tend to have more empathy for people who look more like us.
In this study, the researchers controlled for race, age and gender, but introduced a back story that primed participants to dislike some of the people they were observing: half were presented as neo-Nazis, and half were presented as likeable and open-minded. All study participants recruited for the study were Jewish males.
The researchers found that when people viewed someone they disliked, a part of their brain that was otherwise activated in "mirroring" – the right ventral premotor cortex – had a different pattern of activity for the disliked individuals as compared to the liked individuals.
Importantly, the effect was specific to watching the other person move. There was no difference in brain activity in the motor region when participants simply watched still videos of the people they liked or disliked.
"Even something as basic as how we process visual stimuli of a movement is modulated by social factors, such as our interpersonal relationships and social group membership," says Mona Sobhani, lead author of the paper and a graduate student in neuroscience at USC. "These findings lend important support for the notion that social factors influence our perceptual processing."
Glenn R. Fox and Jonas Kaplan of the Brain and Creativity Insitute at USC were co-authors of the paper.
Journal reference: PLoS ONE
Provided by University of Southern California
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Many turtles involved in traumatic accidents like a hit by car, chewed by dog, or mowed by lawn mower present to Turtle Rescue Team with broken bones. Because every case is a little different, we assess each individual patient to determine the best course of treatment. Every turtle with a broken leg will get a radiograph (X-Ray). This allows us to better assess the fracture. A cleanly fractured bone (i.e. a bone that broke into only two pieces) is preferred over a bone that fractured into a lot of smaller pieces because it is easier to fix.
In the case of a clean fracture, we will insert a metal rod or pin through the broken bones to realign the segments. Then, the broken leg will be placed in a cast to give extra stability while the bones heal.
If the bone can not be fixed, the leg might be amputated. Turtles with only three legs can still move around quite easily and are releasable animals.


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Sourced from: YKK
The mining of metal for uses in zippers and studs for jeans can cause a multitude of environmental impacts that are felt for generations. Outland Denim is reducing its impact by using YKK as a supplier of zippers. It is part of the Zero Discharge of Hazardous Chemicals Initiative (ZDHC), which aims to reduce the usage of hazardous chemicals and their discharge into the environment. YKK are also Standard 100 by OEKO-TEXⓇ Certified as evidence that their products and practices have been tested against harmful substances. YKK take a holistic approach to supporting their workers by providing free health examinations and various other avenues of support and benefits.
Return to Supply Chain

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
April 25, 2009
In announcement Friday, Palmci, the country's largest palm oil company, blamed environmental groups for scuttling the project.
"Palmci has decided to abandon this project in the face of the refusal of certain NGOs to accept the coexistence of environmental preservation and the development of economic activity," the company said in a statement. Palmci claimed that abandonment of the project would lead to the loss of a potential 1,000 new jobs for plantation workers, 300 industrial positions, and an investment of 18 billion CFA francs (€27 million / $36 million).
The company did not cite the recent sharp decline in palm oil prices as a factor. Palm oil prices are down more than 40 percent from their peak in March 2008.
Environmental concerns also contributed to Unilever's decision to sell its oil palm stakes in Cote d' Ivoire to Singapore-based Wilmar International and Olam International last June.
Inza Kone, the coordinator of RASAP-CI, a program seeking to protect primates in the country said he was pleased with the decision but "rejected the idea that ecologists were ideologically opposed to development," according to AFP. Kone recently published a paper in the journal Tropical Conservation Science documenting the wildlife richness of the 12,000-ha area slated for conversion to oil palm plantations. They found 11 species of primates, including the critically endangered Diana Roloway (Cercopithecus diana roloway), and the endangered Cercocebus atys lunulatus and Colobus vellerosus. Environmental groups, Ecological Internet (Forests.org) and Rainforest Rescue of Germany, also conducted a campaign against the Tanoe project.
Palmci said it would continue to seek sites for oil palm plantations in the west African country.
Environmental groups now aim to push for protected status for the Tahoe region. Its high levels of biodiversity may make it a potential site for ecotourism.


example if there had been eight planets, the number of planets would not have been odd. And so it's thought: Was it necessary or contingent that Nixon won the election? (It might seem contingent, unless one has some view of some inexorable processes....) But this is a contingent property of Nixon only relative to our referring to him as 'Nixon' (assuming 'Nixon' doesn't mean 'the man who won the election at such and such a time'). But if we designate Nixon as 'the man who won the election in 1968', then it will be a necessary truth, of course, that the man who won the election in 1968, won the election in 1968. Similarly, whether an object has the same property in all possible worlds depends not just on the object itself, but on how it is described. So it's argued.
It is even suggested in the literature, that though a notion of necessity may have some sort of intuition behind it (we do think some things could have been otherwise; other things we don't think could have been otherwise), this notion [of a distinction between necessary and contingent properties] is just a doctrine made up by some bad philosopher, who (I guess) didn't realize that there are several ways of referring to the same thing. I don't know if some philosophers have not realized this; but at any rate it is very far from being true that this idea [that a property can meaningfully be held to be essential or accidental to an object independently of its description] is a notion which has no intuitive content, which means nothing to the ordinary man. Suppose that someone said, pointing to Nixon, 'That's the guy who might have lost'. Someone else says 'Oh no, if you describe him as "Nixon", then he might have lost; but, of course, describing him as the winner, then it is not true that he might have lost'. Now which one is being the philosopher, here, the unintuitive man? It seems to me obviously to be the second. The second man has a philosophical theory. The first man would say, and with great conviction 'Well, of course, the winner of the election might have been someone else. The actual winner, had the course of the campaigner been different, might have been the loser, and someone else the winner; or there might have been no election at all. So such terms as "the winner" and "the loser" don't designate the same objects in all possible worlds. On the other hand, the term "Nixon" is just a name of this man. When you ask whether it is necessary or contingent that Nixon won the election, you are asking the intuitive question whether in some counterfactual situation, this man would in fact have lost the election. (Kripke, Naming and Necessity, first lecture.)
Epistemic Modality and Ascriptions of Intentional Content
For the purposes of understanding metaphysical or subjunctive modality, I have been talking about conceptual systems in a fine-grained sense such that changing one's mind about an empirical identity statement involving individual concepts, for example, constitutes a change in the system itself. Since we believe that Hesperus is Phosphorus, there is no configuration of our fine-grained system which satisfies 'Hesperus is not Phosphorus'. And yet we can truly say things like 'It could turn out that Hesperus is not Phosphorus after all', and even (despite worries of Kripke's) 'It could have turned out that Hesperus was not Phosphorus'.
This is connected with the idea of 'two spaces of possible worlds' in other approaches. (Cf. Chalmers' 'The Nature of Epistemic Space'.) When we say that it could be that Hesperus isn't Phosphorus, we are not considering a configuration of our existing system in the sense we have been talking about, but are rather considering a change in our system. But in another sense, of course, making this change would constitute a reconfiguration of some "wider" system - the system relevant to epistemic modality. Making various abstractions and idealizations, we can imagine a space of possible ways things could be for all we know a priori - epistemic space. Moving from that to the space of ways things could have been involves getting rid of epistemic possibilities which are not metaphysically possible (the lesson of the necessary a posteriori), but also adding epistemic impossibilities which are metaphysically possible (the lesson of the contingent a priori), i.e. things which couldn't be the case, but could have been, such as this room being bigger than it is. (This latter thing will occupy us in part 3.)
So, we can configure our systems in the wide sense to represent ways things might be, and the way we think things are. But, speaking roughly, such a configuration of the wide system yields a system in the fine-grained sense, of ways things could have been. Sometimes, when we change our beliefs, this can be understood as simply moving to another configuration in the fine-grained system (and thus not directly changing any of our metaphysical modal judgements), whereas other times this must be regarded as involving change of the fine-grained system itself (e.g. going from believing that Hesperus is not Phosphorus to believing that it is).
(Note that I am not saying that the ways things really could be all have corresponding configurations in some system of ours, nor that the ways things really could have been all have corresponding configurations in our fine-grained system - not only may we be wrong, there will be possibilities we haven't dreamt of. Clearly much more needs saying here about these notions of 'the ways'. Some speculations can be found here.)
The Metaphysical Possibility of Metaphysically Impossible Thoughts
Hesperus could be distinct from Phosphorus after all, if we're radically deceived, but given that it is Phosphorus, it could not have been distinct from Phosphorus. So 'Hesperus is not Phosphorus' is not satisfied by any configurations of our fine-grained system. And yet 'John believes that Hesperus is not Phosphorus' is metaphysically possible, is satisfied by configurations of our fine-grained system.
This may be quite puzzling given a certain way of visualizing the fine-grained system and its relation to the wider epistemic system which gives rise to it. For a while it seemed like a real problem to me, and I called it 'the containment problem'. The bothersome thing is the way in which epistemic modal space seems to be contained in metaphysical modal space via our machinery for ascribing intentional states and propositional attitudes - our machinery for representing the thoughts and representations of others - despite epistemic modal space outrunning the metaphysical in the well-known Kripkean way.
It is very tempting to try to "fix" this "problem" by going metalinguistic. I.e. saying something like: 'When we say that John believes that Hesperus is not Phosphorus, we aren't really simulating, constructing, or dealing directly with a thought that Hesperus is not Phosphorus. Rather, we are simply employing our concepts of Hesperus, the Hesperus-concept and the Phosphorus-concept, and forming an idea of a proposition in another system which has the relevant properties.' That may be a good view of what we do sometimes (especially with very foreign thoughts), but it seems wrong - gratuitous, even - to suppose that this is always how we do it. After all, we naturally and frequently envisage epistemic possibilities which fall outside our current fine-grained system. We step outside it all the time. So, when we think something like 'John believes that Hesperus is not Phosphorus', we can think of this as employing - in tandem - our fine-grained system together with a configuration of our wider system which falls outside it, but which is "pointed to": to give ourselves the thing John believes, we step outside our fine-grained system and construct the thought directly, so to speak - and all of this in a sense just constitutes a configuration of our fine-grained system, but of a special kind.
Compare Russell's treatment in the Logical Atomism lectures of 'propositions with more than one verb', and his remark about Wittgenstein's 'discovery' that propositions like 'A believes that p' are 'a new beast for our zoo' (p. 226, Logic and Knowledge).
A Desultory Postscript about Water
Contrary to plan, I haven't included a proper section on 'Water is H20' and related examples (or apparent examples) of the necessary a posteriori. I don't have much to say about such examples for now, except that it is very difficult to avoid dogmatism when treating them; specifically, in the move from the fact that water is H20 - something we've all learned - to a particular interpretation and logical explication of 'Water is H20'.
One might regard this sentence as expressing a 'theoretical identity' as in Kripke. Scott Soames critically examines this way of going in detail in his book Beyond Rigidity. Alternatively, one might regard the 'is' here as being "the 'is' of constitution", and this in turn might be construed as a (non-symmetric) relation. Or one might simply interpret 'is H20' as a predicate. On the 'water' side, one may construe this as being tied to a concept of water in the K


_USER_{NBERw10819, title = "Overestimating Self_Control: Evidence from the Health Club Industry", author = "Stefano DellaVigna and Ulrike Malmendier", institution = "National Bureau of Economic Research", type = "Working Paper", series = "Working Paper Series", number = "10819", year = "2004", month = "October", doi = {10.3386/w10819}, URL = "_URL_ abstract = {Experimental evidence suggests that people make time-inconsistent choices and display overconfidence about positive personal attributes. Do these features affect consumer behavior in the market? To address this question we use a new panel data set from three US health clubs with information on the contract choices and the day-to-day attendance decisions of 7,978 health club members over three years. Members who choose a contract with a flat monthly fee of over $70 attend on average 4.8 times per month. They pay a price per expected visit of more than $17, even though a $10-per-visit fee is also available. On average, these users forgo savings of $700 during their membership. We review many aspects of the consumer behavior, including the interval between last attendance and contract termination, the survival probability, and the correlation between different consumption choices. The empirical results are difficult to reconcile with the standard assumption of time-consistent preferences and rational expectations. A model of time-inconsistent agents with overconfidence about future patience explains the findings. The agents overestimate the future attendance and delay contract cancellation whenever renewal is automatic. Salesman pressure and overstimation of future efficiency are the leading alternative explanations.}, }


text:
|Kays, Stanley - UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA|
Submitted to: Transactions of the ASABE
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: September 25, 2006
Publication Date: January 24, 2007
Citation: Nelson, S.O., Trabelsi, S., Kays, S.J. 2006. Dielectric spectroscopy of honeydue melons from 10 mhz to 1.8 ghz for quality sensing. Transactions of the ASABE. 49(6):_PHONE_. Interpretive Summary: Techniques for nondestructive determination of quality of agricultural products are helpful to producers, handlers and processors, those marketing the produce, and consumers. Visible and physical characteristics of many fresh fruits and vegetables are available for correlation with quality, and some of these, such as color, size, weight, density, elasticity, and firmness are used in automatic sorting of some produce into different categories for the market. For the honeydew melon, however, no useful characteristics of this type have been found for reliable correlation with quality. Electrical characteristics of fruit tissue known as dielectric properties can be sensed with electric fields for possible detection of fruit quality. Therefore honeydew melons were grown and harvested with a range of maturities for dielectric spectroscopy measurements of the melon tissue to learn whether differences in the dielectric properties might exist that could be correlated with maturity. The best criterion for quality is the measurement of soluble solids, which are mostly sugars and therefore a measure of sweetness. This requires the extraction of tissue samples from the melons and measurement of expressed juice with a refractometer instrument, which has been calibrated to indicate percentage of soluble solids. The dielectric properties of mature honeydew melon tissue were measured over the frequency range from 10 MHz to 1.8 GHz along with refractometer determinations of soluble solids content (SSC). A high correlation was found between SSC and the dielectric properties as expressed in a complex-plane plot of the dielectric constant and loss factor, each divided by SSC. Through this mathematical relationship, SSC can be calculated from measured dielectric properties independent of tissue density, moisture content, and temperature. Problems in using this new principle for practical nondestructive sensing of honeydew melon quality are considerable, but development of such a melon quality meter would be helpful to melon growers and handlers in the marketing of high quality produce for American consumers.
Technical Abstract: Honeydew melons were grown and harvested with a range of maturities for measurement of tissue permittivities (dielectric constant and loss factor) to study possible correlations between the dielectric properties and soluble solids (sweetness) for nondestructive sensing of maturity. Permittivities of tissue samples from 38 melons were measured at 25 degrees Celsius over the frequency range from 10 MHz to 1.8 GHz along with refractometer determinations of soluble solids content (SSC), and tissue density and moisture content. A high correlation (r = 0.96) was found between SSC and the permittivity as expressed in a complex-plane plot of the two components of the relative complex permittivity, each divided by SSC. Through this mathematical relationship, SSC can be calculated from measured permittivity values independent of tissue density, moisture content, and most likely independent of temperature as well. Moderate correlations were noted between dielectric constant and SSC at 10 MHz and between the loss factor and SSC at 1.8 GHz. Correlations between the dielectric properties and both moisture content and tissue density were very low. The correlation between tissue density and SSC was also very low. A high correlation was noted between SSC and moisture content with SSC decreasing as moisture content increased. Problems in using the high correlation between permittivity and SSC for practical nondestructive sensing of honeydew melon maturity as determined by SSC are also considered.


HomeLifestyle5 Ways to Ensure Millennial Would Want to Dine in Your Restaurant
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5 Ways to Ensure Millennial Would Want to Dine in Your Restaurant
Restaurants around the world are doing everything they can to stay in business and stay ahead of the trends. At this point, it is hard to deny that millennials are the generation who are leading the food trends, as they eat out more, spend more of their income on dining experiences, and have a lot of opinions. Therefore, it makes sense that restaurants would want to attract this generation as their clientele.
If you are looking to bring more millennial diners into your establishment, read on for the five ways you can ensure that millennials want to dine in your restaurant.
1. Prioritize local food, sustainable practices.
If there is one thing that you can be sure of, millennials like to eat food that is grown locally and sustainably. After all, millennials care significantly about being conscious of the world and their impact on it. More than any generation before them, millennials care about the environment, which extends to the food they consume. Therefore, if you want them to eat in your restaurant, you need to show that you also care about the ingredients in your dishes and your environmental impact.
One of the ways to demonstrate this to millennials is by showing the origin of items on the menu. For example, if you are serving a lunch dish with eggs and bread, you can state that the eggs are from a particular local farm, the bread was baked in a local patisserie, and the condiments were made in small batches by a local company.
While these options may be more expensive, millennials have shown that they are willing to pay more for the ingredients that fit their perspective and lifestyle.
2. Have a wide array of beverages on offer.
In addition to your food offerings, you also want to consider your beverage menu carefully. Similar to their feelings toward food, millennials want to know where their beverages are coming from, and they are willing to pay more for healthier drinks produced locally.
For this reason, it is highly recommended that you work with mineral water suppliers in Dubai (or wherever you are located) so that you can offer them high-quality sparkling and still natural mineral water, as well as carbonated sparkling fruit beverages.
Furthermore, specialty coffee drinks and teas are popular with millennials who like to try beverages from around the world. For example, Darjeeling tea from India, pu erh tea from China, Qishir-spiced coffee from Yemen, and Hong Kong-style milk tea all have many millennial fans. Additionally, cappuccinos from Italy, Matcha from Japan, and cortados from Spain are all popular caffeinated beverages.
Millennials also enjoy mocktails and other non-alcoholic drinks. Some of the most popular mocktails for millennials include Virgin Daiquiris, Virgin Mint Lemonade, Pomegranate Spritzer, and a non-alcoholic Mojito.
3. Allow them to share plates.
Another dining trend that millennials love is small, sharing plates. These diners like to mix, match, and share what they have ordered, so they tend to prefer menus with a variety of small plates rather than single entrée sizes.
Millennials tend to love this style of dining because they're able to taste multiple dishes which works for their adventurous spirit that craves variety. This means that you can create a menu that is filled with smaller, higher-margin dishes.
Similarly, millennials like to sit at communal tables. This comes from the fact that they view dining out as an integral part of their social life. For this reason, they tend to eat in larger groups, which allows them to meet new people. Therefore, they like to be able to move around the table during the meal and want to ensure that everyone who is dining can interact with each other.
4. Provide them with an experience.
Known as the "experience generation," millennials live up to this stereotype, especially when it comes to their dining habits. Therefore, if you want to attract them to your restaurant, you need to provide them with something unusual. Whether that is funky interior design, a thought-provoking menu, photo-worthy dishes, or something else entirely, to catch their attention, it needs to be experiential.
Providing an experience is also good for business, as millennials are willing to pay a lot more for dining 'experiences' rather than just getting a meal. Even opting to host a game night, a themed evening, or live entertainment can do a lot to attract the diners you crave.
5. Have a social media and web presence.
For the generation that grew up with the internet, it is second-nature for millennials to quickly check out a restaurant's website or social media page before deciding to dine there.
In some cases, they will want to check out the menu; in other cases, they will want to see photos of the dishes and the interiors. If you do not have a social media and web presence, they are quickly going to move on to choosing to dine somewhere else.
Restaurants that recognize the importance of their social media and web presence can utilize it to reach a wider audience. By curating an aesthetic that looks pleasing across all platforms, you are positioning yourself to be in a better place to attract millennial diners.
What's more, if millennials like a restaurant, then they want to follow it and support it on social media platforms. In fact, research shows that millennials are more likely to be loyal to a restaurant that engages with them on social media.
Having a presence on social media is also a valuable marketing tool, as you can get free marketing by having your millennial diners share their experiences with their followers. In other words, restaurants that are lacking a social media presence are missing out on meaningful opportunities to connect with new millennial diners.
Are you a restaurant owner? If so, what steps are you taking to ensure that you can attract millennials? On the other hand, if you are a millennial diner, what do you look for in eating establishments? Let us know your thoughts and any relevant insights in the comments below!
AUTHOR BIO : Article contributed By
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First, they never gave their consent. Second, only a few have social skills because most are solitary. Third, they have three body parts: head, thorax and abdomen. And, fourth, none of these pin-ups will ever run for Miss America or promote world peace.
These pin-ups are North American bees and the calendar is appropriately titled the "North American Bee Calendar." Miss January is a honey bee; Miss May, a sweat bee; Miss August, a squash bee; and Miss December, a cuckoo bee.
"It's our second annual calendar, a project aimed at protecting pollinators, raising public awareness and generating funds to carry on the work of The Great Sunflower Project and the Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation," says native bee enthusiast and calendar project coordinator Celeste Ets-Hokin of the San Francisco Bay Area. "Most of these bees are commonly found and important pollinators."
The calendar, measuring 9x12, features close-up photos by noted insect photographer Rollin Coville, who received his doctorate in entomology from UC Berkeley. He has been photographing insects--and spiders--for more than 25 years.
The calendar spotlights a different bee genus each month, with notes on preferred plants, nesting needs, and guidance on how to identify the genus, explains author Ets-Hokin, who holds a degree in zoology from UC Berkeley. Bees appearing in the calendar and the scientific names are:
January: Honey Bee (Apis)
February: Bumble Bee (Bombus)
March: Digger Bee (Habropoda)
April: Mason Bee (Osmia)
May: Sweat Bee (Lasioglossum)
June: Utra Green Sweat Bee (Agapostemon)
July: Leafcutter Bee (Megachile)
August: Squash Bee (Peponapis)
September: Long-horn Bee (Melissodes)
October: Carder Bee (Anthidium)
November: Carpenter Bee (Xylocopa)
December: Cuckoo Bee (Epeolus)
Matthew Shepherd, senior conservation associate of the Xerces Society, and Ets-Hokin served as editors, and Miguel Barbosa as the graphic designer. Five scientists shared their research expertise: Neal Williams of UC Davis; Gordon Frankie and Claire Kremen of UC Berkeley; and Rachael Winfree of Rutgers University, New Brunswick, N.J. In addition, Shepherd and Ets-Hokin, along with Kathy Keatley Garvey of the UC Davis Department of Entomology, contributed photos.
Calendars are $15 each, which includes shipping anywhere in the United States. The international price is $18, shipping included. The deadline to submit all orders is Tuesday, Nov. 30. Calendars will arrive by early December. Orders may be placed by accessing the Xerces website at _URL_ or The Great Sunflower Project website. The calendar can be previewed HERE..
For discount rates for 25 calendars or more, contact Ets-Hokin at _EMAIL_.
This story was written by Kathy Keatley Garvey


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1, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
Photocurrent generation in organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices is driven by the creation and subsequent separation of excitons into free electrons and free holes. Materials with low exciton binding energies are able to efficiently separate into free charge carriers and limit recombination pathways. The binding energy of an exciton is dependent on a number of factors, such as that described by the Wannier-Mott construct, which states that the exciton binding energy is proportional to the inverse square of the dielectric constant. Additionally, according to the Clausius-Mossotti relation, the dielectric constant of a material can be related to its density, with increased density providing a higher dielectric constant. As a result, it is expected that increasing the dielectric constant of a material will decrease exciton binding energy, reducing the energy losses for exciton separation.
At present, there has been limited development on increasing the dielectric constant of organic semiconductors. However recent work has shown that the inclusion of triethylene glycol monomethyl ether chains can dramatically increase the dielectric constant at low frequency, while maintaining both the optical and electronic properties of their alkylated derivatives. Additionally, it has been shown that the inclusion of these glycolated units has the ability to increase the molecular packing density of the film, enhancing the high (optical) frequency dielectric constant, and thus, homojunction device performance.
Based on these considerations, this presentation will describe a library of novel glycolated materials that have been engineered with the aim of tuning the dielectric constant to decrease exciton binding energy. Additional considerations such as broad absorption within the visible light spectrum, solution processability, and engineered energy levels to optimise the open circuit voltage, to maximise charge generation and extraction will be discussed. Finally, the applicability of dielectric constant manipulation will be reported in the context of homojunction OPV device design and fabrication.
Adv. Energy Mater. 2012, 2, 1246–1253
Chem. Commun., 2015, 51, 14115-14118
J. Mater. Chem. C, 2017, 5, 3736-3747


A laser beam of wavelength =632.8 shines at normal incidence on the reflective side of a compact disc. The tracks of tiny pits in which information is coded onto the CD are 1.60 apart.
For what nonzero angles of reflection (measured from the normal) will the intensity of light be maximum?
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Rita Colwell, Public Health Champion, Wins Stockholm Prize
Dr. Rita Cowell. Photo courtesy of University of Maryland.
Rita Colwell, Ph.D., distinguished professor from the University of Maryland and Johns Hopkins University's Bloomberg School of Public Health in the United States, has been named the 2010 Stockholm Water Prize Laureate.
Colwell's pioneering research on the prevention of waterborne infectious diseases has helped protect the health and lives of millions.
Colwell, 76, is widely recognized as one of this century's most influential voices in science, technology, and policy associated with water and health. She has made exceptional contributions to control the spread of cholera, a waterborne pathogen that infects 3 to 5 million people and leads to an estimated 120,000 deaths each year. Through her groundbreaking research, innovations and decades of scientific leadership, she has defined our current understanding of the ecology of infectious diseases and developed the use of advanced technologies to halt their spread. Her work has established the basis for environmental and infectious disease risk assessment used around the world.
"Dr. Rita Colwell's numerous seminal contributions toward solving the world's water and water-related public health problems, particularly her work to prevent the spread of cholera, is of utmost global importance," noted the Stockholm Water Prize Nominating Committee in its citation.
Colwell has shown that certain bacteria, including the causative agent for cholera, can be present in natural environments in a dormant stage that could revert to an infectious state under the proper conditions. As a result of her work, scientists are now able to link changes in the natural environment to the spread of disease. Colwell was the first scientist to research the impacts of climate change on the spread of infectious diseases. She has also developed models to track and predict disease outbreaks, using remote sensing technology and satellite models.
H.M. King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden will formally present Dr. Colwell with the 2010 Stockholm Water Prize on September 9 during the 2010 World Water Week in Stockholm. The Stockholm Water Prize is a global award presented annually by the Stockholm International Water Institute. The Stockholm Water Prize Laureate receives US$150,000 and a crystal sculpture specially designed by Orrefors.


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A leaking underground storage tank (LUST) is a common environmental concern wherever fuel or chemicals are stored in bulk in underground storage tanks (USTs). A LUST results in release of fuel or chemicals into the ground that requires specific responses determined by the circumstances on-site and environmental regulations. Michigan Consulting & Environmental's team of knowledgeable environmental specialists is trained and experienced in resolving LUST scenarios at any type of property including commercial, industrial, and residential.
USTs can store any number of chemicals or hazardous substances including those that cause cancer, immune deficiencies, central nervous system disorders, developmental disorders, and a host of other issues depending on what is being stored. Because of these risks, sticking to the required timeline of actions for LUST scenarios is essential. This means providing agencies with a complete delineation of impacted soil, groundwater, and soil vapor within one year of release discovery. Other required actions include an assessment of potential routes of contact with hazardous substances and elimination of these pathways where possible or abatement of them where elimination is not possible.
At Michigan Consulting & Environmental, we utilize a risk based approach to corrective action and find the best solution for the job at hand while considering overall cost and effectiveness of potential actions. Contact us today to learn more about our Michigan LUST services.


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Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is a fast and reliable method for the identification of bacteria from agar media. Direct identification from positive blood cultures should decrease the time to obtaining the result. In this study, three different processing methods for the rapid direct identification of bacteria from positive blood culture bottles were compared. In total, 101 positive aerobe BacT/ALERT bottles were included in this study. Aliquots from all bottles were used for three bacterial processing methods, i.e. the commercially available Bruker's MALDI Sepsityper kit, the commercially available Molzym's MolYsis Basic5 kit and a centrifugation/washing method. In addition, the best method was used to evaluate the possibility of MALDI application after a reduced incubation time of 7 h of Staphylococcus aureusand Escherichia coli-spiked (1,000, 100 and 10 colony-forming units [CFU]) aerobe BacT/ALERT blood cultures. Sixty-six (65%), 51 (50.5%) and 79 (78%) bottles were identified correctly at the species level when the centrifugation/washing method, MolYsis Basic 5 and Sepsityper were used, respectively. Incorrect identification was obtained in 35 (35%), 50 (49.5%) and 22 (22%) bottles, respectively. Gram-positive cocci were correctly identified in 33/52 (64%) of the cases. However, Gram-negative rods showed a correct identification in 45/47 (96%) of all bottles when the Sepsityper kit was used. Seven hours of pre-incubation of S. aureusand E. coli-spiked aerobe BacT/ALERT blood cultures never resulted in reliable identification with MALDI-TOF MS. Sepsityper is superior for the direct identification of microorganisms from aerobe BacT/ALERT bottles. Gram-negative pathogens show better results compared to Gram-positive bacteria. Reduced incubation followed by MALDI-TOF MS did not result in faster reliable identification.
To accelerate differentiation between Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), this study aimed to compare six different DNA extraction methods from two commonly used blood culture materials, i.e. BACTEC and BacT/ALERT. Furthermore, we analysed the effect of reduced blood culture incubation for the detection of staphylococci directly from blood culture material. A real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) duplex assay was used to compare the six different DNA isolation protocols on two different blood culture systems. Negative blood culture material was spiked with methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Bacterial DNA was isolated with automated extractor easyMAG (three protocols), automated extractor MagNA Pure LC (LC Microbiology Kit MGrade), a manual kit MolYsis Plus and a combination of MolYsis Plus and the easyMAG. The most optimal isolation method was used to evaluate reduced bacterial incubation times. Bacterial DNA isolation with the MolYsis Plus kit in combination with the specific B protocol on the easyMAG resulted in the most sensitive detection of S. aureus, with a detection limit of 10 CFU/ml, in BacT/ALERT material, whereas using BACTEC resulted in a detection limit of 100 CFU/ml. An initial S. aureus or CNS load of 1 CFU/ml blood can be detected after 5 h of incubation in BacT/ALERT 3D by combining the sensitive isolation method and the tuf LightCycler assay.
A multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification assay for simultaneous detection of six virus species was developed and tested on clinical cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples. The assay, termed MeningoFinder, showed an accordance of 97%, concordance of 96%, interlaboratory sensitivity of 90%, and interlaboratory specificity of 94% compared to PCRs.
Background: Not all patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) respond equally to neo-adjuvant radiochemotherapy (RCT). Patients with highly apoptotic less advanced rectal cancers do not benefit from short-term radiotherapy. This study investigates whether this is also the case in the setting of RCT for LARC.
Patients and methods: Tissue microarrays were constructed of biopsy and resection specimens of 201 LARC patients. Apoptosis (M30) and several apoptosis-regulating proteins [p53, Bcl-2, Bax, cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) and mamma serine protease inhibitor (maspin)] were studied with immunohistochemistry. Subsequently, predictive values for local recurrence (LR), overall survival (OS) and histological tumour regression were analysed.
Results: Apoptotic levels, quantified as the number of apoptotic cells/mm2 tumour epithelium, were higher in posttherapy tissues compared with biopsies (P < 0.001). Biopsies from clinical T4 stage tumours demonstrated significantly higher levels of apoptosis than clinical T3 stage tumours (P = 0.020). Therapy-induced apoptosis was higher when the interval between the last day of irradiation and surgery increased (P < 0.001, correlation coefficient = 0.355). Preand posttherapy apoptosis, p53, Bcl-2, Bax and Cox-2 were not associated with LR, OS or tumour regression. Intense pretherapy cytoplasmatic staining of maspin indicated a higher risk on LR (P = 0.009) only.
Conclusion: Combined RCT is also successful in highly apoptotic tumours and is therefore independent of intrinsic apoptosis.
apotosis; locally advanced rectal carcinoma; radiochemotherapy
Legionellosis can be diagnosed by PCR using sputum samples. In this report, the methods of nine laboratories for 12 sputum samples with Legionella pneumophila and Legionella longbeachae are compared. We conclude that (i) liquefaction prevents PCR inhibition, (ii) the employed mip gene PCRs detected L. pneumophila only, and (iii) the 16S rRNA gene PCR detected both Legionella species and is preferred for the diagnosis of legionellosis.
Aims: To describe the evolution of proficiency testing for molecular diagnostic pathology with respect to determining unambiguously the patient identity of tissue samples by microsatellite analysis.
Method: Four rounds of quality control exchanges of samples from different patients were sent with the purpose of identifying the correct origin of these samples. The samples were either paraffin wax embedded sections on glass, sections in tubes, or isolated DNA. Blinded samples were distributed to all participating laboratories. No restrictions to the method and short tandem repeat markers used for identification were imposed.
Results: In four subsequent rounds the number of participating laboratories increased from three to 10. The numbers of samples tested increased in time from five to 12. The microsatellite markers used by the different laboratories showed little overlap. In the first three rounds, in which isolated DNA was provided, all samples were accurately classified irrespective of the microsatellite markers used. In the last round, which also included paraffin wax embedded sections, a small number of laboratories experienced problems, either with amplification or incorrect classification of a few samples.
Conclusion: Proficiency testing was useful, and showed country wide high quality and correct identification of (patient) samples with molecular techniques for diagnostic purposes.
molecular pathology; quality control; proficiency testing; sample identification; microsatellite analysis
Background: To determine at what stage during gastric carcinogenesis Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) enters the gastric epithelial cells, the presence of EBV was investigated in two pathogenetically related but distinct forms of adenocarcinoma of the stomach—gastric carcinoma of the intact stomach (GCIS) and gastric stump carcinoma (GSC)—and their presumed precursor lesions.
Patients and methods: Eleven patients with EBV positive GCIS and eight patients with EBV positive GSC, demonstrated by the highly sensitive EBV encoded RNA 1/2 (EBER1/2) RNA in situ hybridisation (RISH) technique, were studied. Paraffin wax embedded tissue available from preoperative gastric biopsies and tumour adjacent tissue from the resection specimens containing normal gastric mucosa, inflamed gastric mucosa, and preneoplastic lesions (intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia) was investigated by EBER1/2 RISH, in addition to EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA-1) and latent membrane protein 1 (LMP-1) immunohistochemistry (IHC).
Results: In both GCIS and GSC and their precursor lesions EBER1/2 transcripts were restricted to the carcinoma cells. In addition, positivity of EBNA-1 IHC was also restricted to the tumour cells. IHC for LMP-1 was negative in all cases tested.
Conclusions: The absence of EBER1/2 transcripts in preneoplastic gastric lesions (intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia) and their presence in two distinct types of gastric carcinoma strongly suggest that EBV can only infect neoplastic gastric cells and thus is a late event in gastric carcinogenesis.
Epstein-Barr virus; gastric carcinogenesis; adenocarcinoma; stump carcinoma; late event
Objectives: Chlamydia trachomatis infection in the cervix and uterus has been hypothesised to be a co-factor for cervical cancer. We performed a


A reversal theory exploration of flow process and the flow channel
Jonathan Wright, S. Wright, Gaynor Sadlo, Graham Stew
Research output: Contribution to journalArticle
This article follows on from a previous discussion paper Exploring optimal experiences: A reversal theory perspective of flow and occupational science, which argued the utility of reversal theory for increasing understanding of optimal experiences of engagement in occupation. Flow has been argued to be an optimal experience that occurs when people get so absorbed in what they are doing that they lose track of time and forget everything else. This flow channel was explored by including participants who had different self-reported skill levels in one occupation, playing a guitar. Six guitarists, who were either considered to be novice, intermediate or expert, participated in the study. Participants maintained a flow journal for a 2-week period and were interviewed approximately 1-week later. Analysis of the interview data determined the variance in what was described as flow. Reversal theory was used to frame the analysis, as it was consistent with previous findings that suggest human experience is dynamic and that there is more than one type of optimal experience. The findings of the present study suggest that the key to different optimal experiences of occupation is not a challenge/skills balance, but the combinations of metamotivational states that are at the forefront of attention, the levels of arousal and felt transactional outcomes. Those findings support the view that reversal theory may enhance the understanding of optimal experiences of occupation.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1-14
Number of pages14
JournalJournal of Occupational Science
Publication statusPublished - 16 Aug 2012
 - Flow
 - Optimal experience
 - Occupation
 - Reversal theory
 - Guitar playing
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National Microbial Pathogen Data Resource Center
NMPDR is a Bioinformatics Resource Center that provides the advanced bioinformatics environment needed to identify genetic polymorphisms correlated with pathogenicity, drug resistance, morbidity, and infectivity. NMPDR is funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID) to support research in biodefense, emerging infectious diseases, and re-emerging pathogens. NMPDR is both a central repository for a wide variety of scientific data on these pathogenic microorganisms and a platform for software tools that support investigator-driven data analysis, such as the identification of potential targets for the development of vaccines, therapeutics, and diagnostics. NMPDR's goal is to support existing and newly developed techniques for comparative analysis to obtain a deeper understanding of the fundamental biology of a specific set of pathogenic organisms, and to promote efforts to counter the threats posed by these pathogens. The resource will integrate hundreds (and, eventually, thousands) of prokaryotic genomes with existing and newly generated functional data to support characterization and analysis of Category B food and water-borne diarrheagenic bacteria.


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Hedgerows as a Form of Agroforestry to Sequester and Store Carbon in Agricultural Landscapes: A Review
4th European Agroforestry Conference - Agroforestry as Sustainable Land Use
Hedgerows are an intrinsic part of the agricultural landscape in Europe. As an anthropogenic feature it is difficult to ascertain the carbon storage potential. We performed a systematic literature review on the potential of hedgerows to take in and store carbon. Results show two emerging trends to consider. Aboveground biomass storage estimates range from 5 t C ha-1to 131 t C ha-1. Maintenance of hedges is ascribed as leading to differences in estimation as a result of continually trimming and shaping..There has also been a decline in hedge length across Europe over the past decades leading to losses of biomass. Soil organic carbon stocks below hedgerows range from 5 t C ha-1 to 360 t C ha-1. Hedgerows can thicken soil horizons, prevent erosion and interact with soil water and nutrients. The hedgerow ecosystem is highly localised with differing levels of material input and decomposition. Therefore it is needed to ascertain carbon assimilation and storage to improve estimates for national GHG inventories.
Author(s): Blair, J, Olave, R, McAdam, J
Journal: 4th European Agroforestry Conference - Agroforestry as Sustainable Land Use


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The electrical network is a man-made complex network that makes it difficult to monitor and control the power system with traditional monitoring devices. Traditional devices have some limitations in real-time synchronization monitoring which leads to unwanted behavior and causes new challenges in the operation and control of the power systems. A Phasor measurement unit (PMU) is an advanced metering device that provides an accurate real-time and synchronized measurement of the voltage and current waveforms of the buses in which the PMU devices are directly connected in the grid station. The device is connected to the busbars of the power grid in the electrical distribution and transmission systems and provides time-synchronized measurement with the help of the Global Positioning System (GPS). However, the implementation and maintenance cost of the device is not bearable for the electrical utilities. Therefore, in recent work, many optimization approaches have been developed to overcome optimal placement of PMU problems to reduce the overall cost by providing complete electrical network observability with a minimal number of PMUs. This research paper reviews the importance of PMU for the modern electrical power system, the architecture of PMU, the differences between PMU, micro-PMU, SCADA, and smart grid (SG) relation with PMU, the sinusoidal waveform, and its phasor representation, and finally a list of PMU applications. The applications of PMU are widely involved in the operation of power systems ranging from power system control and monitor, distribution grid control, load shedding control and analyses, and state estimation which shows the importance of PMU for the modern world.
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Page Parameters
A page parameter is an arbitrary variable used to pass information into a Skuid page. There are different ways to pass in page parameters depending on the context and use case.
Types of page parameters
Including parameters in a URL is a common way to pass and retrieve information between pages in web development. Similarly, parameters can be passed between Skuid pages using:
 1. Query string parameters
 2. URL merge parameters
Query string parameters
The most commonly used way to pass parameters is by including them in a query string, which is a collection of identifiers and key-value pairs preceded by a question mark. For example:
In this example, the query string passed to the server, everything that comes after the?, is a parameter, felines, requesting all records of felines with the value "lion."
Page parameters act the same way in Skuid: they allow additional information to be passed into a Skuid page.
On Skuid on Salesforce, page parameters are added to query strings by model conditions, actions, and render/enable conditions through the Page/URL Parameter option, and, in some components, in the query string property.
When using page parameters in query string parameters, there are two important rules to keep in mind:
 1. The parameters must always come after a question mark (?), which indicates the beginning of a string of one or more URL parameters.
 2. Every subsequent URL parameter must be prepended with an ampersand (&).
As long as query string parameters are used in this format, they are accessible within a Skuid page.
Passing parameters into query strings is different in Lightning Experience. For more information, see Using Page Parameters In Salesforce Lightning.
URL Merge Parameters
Used on Skuid Platform, page parameters are included within URLs through URL merge parameters. For example,{myParameter}.
On Skuid Platform, you can use URL merge parameters in model conditions, actions, render/enable conditions through the Page/URL Parameter option. They can also be used while constructing an app, and the pages within the app, by inserting URL merge parameters in the app and/or the page URLs. They can also be used for creating REST model conditions.
Using Page Parameters
Builders can access page parameters with model conditions, actions, render/enable conditions, and through the Page/URL Parameter option on some Skuid features.
Values are accessible through the {{$Param}} global merge variable.
For example, {{$Param.myRouteParameter}}.
They may also be passed to Page Includes by setting the component's Query String property to point to this global merge variable.
Using the Go to URL action with URL merge parameters
When creating a link with URL merge parameters in Skuid Platform, the process is similar to that outlined in Build an app navigation bar using the Go to URL action.
The key difference is that you point the URL to a URL merge parameter. This merge parameter could be a context-dependent merge variable or a global merge variable.
For example, the marketing/orders path has a table listing each order, displaying some general information about each order. That table could have a row action that redirects to the following URL:
This redirect URL sends end users to a new route (/marketing/orderdetails), just like the redirect URLs from the Build an app navigation bar using the Go to URL action topic mentioned above. The key difference is the added URL merge parameter, {Id}, which references the model's Id field. This means the context will be determined by the row the end user clicks, passing in that row's Id value when clicked.
So, if the user clicks an order that has an Id of AuXun109274009, Skuid sends the user to the detail page with the row item's Id in the URL parameter: /marketing/orderdetails/AuXun109274009
The final step is setting a condition on the detail page that looks for the URL merge parameter:
 1. Click the Models tab in the App Elements pane.
 2. Click the Orders model.
 3. Add a new condition for the Id field.
 4. Set the Value as follows:
 - Content: Page/URL parameter value
 - Value: Id
 5. Set its condition state to Always On.
With this condition set, this model always looks for the URL parameter named Id for the matching record Id.
Page parameter examples:
 1. In this example, no parameters are provided.
 2.{accountId}: In this example, when a user visits this URL, Skuid pulls the "accountId" from the requested record and passes it to the URL. If the record's accountId was AuXun109274009, the URL the user would see is
 3.{accountId?}: The addition of the? makes the parameter accountId optional, so if there wasn't a value for accountId, the user would be directed to /accounts instead of receive a Page Not Found error.
Unless a parameter is marked optional with?, end users will see a Page Not Found error if they navigate to that page without the parameter in the URL.
Using Page Parameters In Salesforce Lightning
When working in Lightning experience, builders will often use record Ids to create corresponding record detail pages. The Skuid Page Lightning component can determine the record Id based on the way Lightning structures URLs.
However, if you want to pass in other parameters besides an Id, they must be namespaced and added via query string parameters.
For example, adding the default namespace prefix to the parameter accountId creates c__accountId. Non-namespaced parameters are removed from the URL on page load.
It's important to remember that, when namespacing URL parameters in Lightning, any reference made to them in a condition, action, etc, on a Skuid page is also namespaced.
If moving pages from Salesforce Classic to Lightning, you'll need to update the page parameters and any conditions, actions, etc with the namespace prefix in order to maintain functionality.


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Warblers and allies (Sylviidae)
Where to see them
In the summer, can be looked for in reedbeds in lowland central and southern England and Wales - it is rarer elsewhere. Sings from within the reedbed rather than from a perch, so often heard rather than seen.
When to see them
Mid-April to early October.
What they eat
Insects; berries in autumn
|Europe||UK breeding*||UK wintering*||UK passage*|


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Roman Landscape (Römische Landschaft)
Arnold Böcklin was one of many artists lured to Italy to sketch and paint the light-bathed countryside in and around Rome. Unlike Hubert Robert and Pierre Thuillier (whose works are also shown here), who found inspiration in timeworn monuments, the Swiss painter did not seek out famous landmarks but preferred rustic sites seemingly untouched by man. Although Böcklin includes the figure of a bather disrobing in the middle ground, her tiny form primarily underscores the vastness of nature, seen in the massive, ancient trees heavy with moss and the churning, cloud-filled sky. Whereas early studies for this work include additional figures—another bather and a satyr—in the final painting Böcklin almost completely removes narrative elements to concentrate his attentions on the patterns of light and shade as well as details of foliage and rock formations.
- Artist: Arnold Böcklin, Swiss, _PHONE_
- Medium: Oil on canvas
- Place Made: Switzerland
- Dates: 1852
- Dimensions: 29 5/16 x 28 1/2 in. (74.5 x 72.4 cm) (show scale)
- Signature: Signed lower left: "A. Böcklin fec"
- Collections:European Art
- Museum Location: This item is on view in Beaux-Arts Court, South, 3rd Floor
- Accession Number: 21.94
- Credit Line: Bequest of A. Augustus Healy
- Rights Statement: No known copyright restrictions
- Caption: Arnold Böcklin (Swiss, _PHONE_). Roman Landscape (Römische Landschaft), 1852. Oil on canvas, 29 5/16 x 28 1/2 in. (74.5 x 72.4 cm). Brooklyn Museum, Bequest of A. Augustus Healy, 21.94
- Record Completeness: Best (88%)


Tools for Gap Analysis
Gap analysis is a useful for tool for helping an organization to keep focus on the big picture. By identifying where a company currently stands and where it wants to be, it becomes easier to isolate those methods and strategies that will attain the desired level of performance.
A practical definition
The concept of gap analysis is really a very simple one. In fact, many people use some form of gap analysis daily. As soon as a person says, "I want to lose 10 pounds," he is performing a type of gap analysis in his head, because he has identified his current weight and what he would like that weight to be.
The benefit of gap analysis is that, by identifying the gap, it is easier to form a plan of action to mitigate that gap. Taking the example of weight loss, a strategy would be developed to lose the unwanted 10 pounds (i.e., a combination of diet and exercise that produces a calorie deficit).
Requisite information
In order to be able to perform a gap analysis appropriately, there are several prerequisites to keep in mind. First, the person, or persons, involved in performing the gap analysis (the analyst) needs to have an objective understanding of the issues that need to be addressed. Part of this understanding will be to understand what information is relevant. Second, the analyst will also need to know what real assets are available. These assets may be information resources, company profiles, policies and procedures, financials, and more. Last, the analyst must understand the barriers and challenges faced in achieving goal performance.
The use of gap analysis
Gap analysis tools range from advanced statistical methods to asking the simple question, "Why are we not on target?" However, three models are of particular importance--the McKinsey 7-S model, the Burke-Litwin casual model and the Nadler and Tushman organizational congruence model.
McKinsey 7-S Model
The McKinsey 7-S Model is named for the consulting firm of the same name. The model is basically a framework for performing gap analysis. The 7-S model outlines seven groups: Strategy, Structure, Systems, Style, Staff, Shared Values and Skills.
The analyst simply plugs in the current state and the desired state of each grouping. While the groups are self-evident and the simplicity is quite nice, the groups are also highly integrated. The problem with high integration is that as soon as the smallest aspect of one changes, they all change. These changes can occur in quite unexpected ways because the groups are highly people-centric. Anytime the human element is a defining point, expect the subsequent definition to be dynamic.
As a result, this framework will not suit all businesses. The 7-S model works best in environments such as manufacturing because there are a large number of persons in the labor force and this fact helps to mitigate fluctuations, as it would affect analysis.
Burke-Litwin casual model
The Burke-Litwin model, created by W. Warner Burke and George H. Litwin, is a model of organizational performance and change. The model focuses specifically on change management. Variables are divided into two groups--transformational factors and transactional factors.
Transformational factors include the environment, leadership, culture of the organization and strategies. A factor is said to be transformational when the changing of that factor would transform the operations of the organization in some fundamental way. These factors are difficult to change because they are tied into belief systems as to how the company should run; changes are generally the result of external factors.
Transactional factors are named such because they constitute the daily transactions of a business. Improvement of these factors can be seen in quality improvement initiatives and efficiency initiatives, for example.
The primary problem with the Burke-Litwin model is that there is no apparent flow from one variable to another. As a result, a company may be able to define its transformational and transactional factors, but this does little to actually improve the situation.
Nadler and Tushman organizational congruence model
This model is the most popular of the gap analysis tools. It is easy to implement and understand. The model, developed by David A. Nadler and Michael L. Tushman, looks at the processes of the business itself and divides those processes into three distinct groups--Input, Transformation and Output.
Input would include the environment the business operates in, the resources it possesses (both tangible and intangible) and the culture of the company. The transformation includes the systems in place, the people and the tasks. Basically, transformation includes anything that transforms input to output. Output may occur at a system, group or individual level.
In using the Nadler and Tushman model, remember that the model is dynamic; it will, and must, change over time. Also, the congruence, or fit, between the different components is why the company performs as it does, so pay special care to identifying how factors fit with each other. The better the fit, the better the company's performance. This model acts as a framework to help the analyst align various factors of a company to respond effectively to the external environment and internal conditions.


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Putting Faulty Cores to Work
Since the non-cache parts of a core are less regular, compared to on-chip caches, tolerating manufacturing defects in the processing core is a more challenging problem. Due to the lack of effective solutions, disabling non-functional cores is a common practice in industry, which results in a significant reduction in system throughput. Although a faulty core cannot be trusted to correctly execute programs, they observe that for most defects, when starting from a valid architectural state, execution traces on a defective core coarsely resemble those of fault-free executions. In light of this insight, the authors propose a robust and heterogeneous core coupling execution scheme, Necromancer that exploits a functionally dead core to improve system throughput by supplying hints regarding high-level program behavior.


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What we call the "fixed stars" (as opposed to planets, known in antiquity as the "wanderers" because they moved across the sky from the vantage point of ancient humans) are actually not so fixed. Although they appear in the same position in the sky, their apparent motion does shift by about 50 seconds of arc per year.
Regulus, the star associated with royalty, is also called "The heart of the Lion" because of its placement in the center of the Leo star system. But Regulus is moving into Virgo for the first time since around 200 bce, creating a major shift of star energy.
The exact time of this shift is in dispute. Solar Fire, an astrology software program used by many professional astrologers (including me) lists the entry of Regulus into Virgo in early 2011 – others say that this shift will occur in 2012, conveniently linking the transition of Regulus to the 2012 hysteria. In any case, a shift of this magnitude typically doesn't happen overnight but occurs slowly over time.
Leo is a "masculine" sign – yang and full of energy and enthusiasm, it tends to be concerned with issues of power and dominance and much more forceful than Virgo. Virgo is much more reticent and desirous of order and safety, so the movement of Regulus into Virgo could change the way in which the Earth has been ruled for the past 2000 years. Virgo is said to be a "feminine" sign, yin and receptive, so it was interesting to see that in Britain the law of succession may be changed so that women who are the first born can inherit the crown, even if there are male heirs.
All of this occurs under the larger umbrella of the shift into the Aquarian Age, but it does add an interesting layer of changing focus to be studied.


This website contains biographical information on over 550 ancestors and descendants of Henry Harold Harrison. They include Harold's siblings, parents, grandparents, great-grandparents, uncles, aunts, and cousins of all descriptions. Their lives collectively spanned over 300 years from the late 17th century.
Joseph Harrison (c. 1835–) Ellen Ball (1832–1893) Edward Barton (1839–) Ann Barton (c. 1840–) Henry Harrison (1860–1937) Alice Barton (1863–1897) Henry Harold Harrison (1886–1973) Agnes Durie (1885–1971) Henry Harold (Hank) Harrison (1911–1974) John Durie Harrison (1913–1986) Gordon Harrison (1914–2005) Douglas Harrison (1919–1994)
Harold's was a working class family. His earliest known ancestors were mainly farmers and agricultural labourers from Lancashire. As the industrial revolution unfolded, their children migrated to Wigan and the surrounding villages to take up work in the textile mills and coal mines that were sprouting up throughout the Midlands. Some became shopkeepers. Harold himself apprenticed as a joiner at the beginning of the 20th century before emigrating to Canada where he worked as a carpenter and builder. His children mostly became middle-class business people.
Most of the traced ancestors lived in and around Wigan during the 19th century, their lives following the patterns of the society in which they lived. The children frequently received little schooling, and some were illiterate as adults. They joined the workforce around age 13. They usually lived at home with their parents until they were married. Husbands worked to support the family while wives looked after the home and children. The women bore children more-or-less continuously during their fertile years, however, many of the babies died in infancy. The lives of adults were often cut short by illness.
The biographies for most of Harold's ancestors are a synopsis of the facts recorded in census records and birth, marriage, and death certificates. This information typically includes their places of residence and occupations at various dates. Sadly, almost nothing more is known about who these people really were; their character, personality, talents, friendships, associations, interests, circumstances, health, contributions, trials, and tribulations are, for the most part, lost to time.
In addition to Harrison, the family's surnames include Ball, Barton, Mawdsley and Swarbrick. They married Donahues, Masons and Woods, among others. Their biographies can be accessed through our surname index, or from the partial family tree shown above. The biography for each of Harold's ancestors and descendants is also linked to his or her parents, siblings, and children for convenience.


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Weapon Design (4e Guideline)
From D&D Wiki
If designing a weapon from scratch, start with one of these baseline for a Simple weapon:
- One-handed melee, +2 proficiency, 1d8 damage
- Two-handed melee, +2 proficiency, 1d10 or 2d4 damage
Changing Damage, Adding Features
1d4 ↔ 1d6 ↔ 1d8 ↔ 1d10 or 2d4 ↔ 1d12 or 2d6
You can increase or decrease your weapon's damage along this scale.
For each of the following properties you add, you decrease damage one step:
- Increase proficiency to +3
- High crit
- Heavy thrown
- Off-hand, or Light thrown and Off-hand
Brutal weapons with a damage die of d4, d6 or d8 are Brutal 1. Damage die of d10 or d12 are Brutal 2.
Each step you increase damage by increases the weapon category
- from Simple to Military to Superior.
- Versatile - you can add this to any one-handed weapon that is not off-hand
- Small - you can add this as appropriate. They tend to be "slender" weapons: pikes, picks, lance; or lighter versions of weapons: short spear, light mace.
A ranged weapon decreases the damage by one step, or by two if it is Small.
Ranges are limited by weapon category.
- Simple: 15/30
- Military: 20/40
- Superior: 25/50
Extending beyond this limit reduces the damage by one step.
Ammunition and Load do not change damage die, but anything better than normal can be balanced by reducing range or giving some minor drawback. Anything worse than normal can be balanced by providing a minor bonus. Examples of minor drawbacks and bonuses will be given below.
- Always give the secondary end the Off-hand property.
- If the primary end is based on a versatile or two-handed weapon, give the primary end the Stout property.
- If the primary end is based on a two-handed weapon, the secondary end is a "sub-simple" weapon (a simple weapon with damage die or proficiency lowered by one step)
- If the secondary end is based on a off-hand weapon, give the secondary end the Defensive property.
Support with Feats
If your weapon has interesting features, you don't have to cram them all into the basic statblock. Let the player unlock them using feats.
For example, the Elven Thinblade is similar to a rapier – but once the wielder has the Thinblade Accuracy feat it has a unique flavor. This is preferable to adding an "if you are an elf..." property to the weapon itself.
If you want to add a complex feature to a weapon and decreasing the damage die is not appropriate, consider multiclass training. This allows a character to unlock advanced fighting styles by taking a multiclass feat. Three examples of this are given in Dragon #368 for the bola, whip and net.
- The first feat has prerequisites: usually 13 in an ability score (Strength, Dexterity, Wisdom are likely) and "any martial class". It provides a benefit related to hitting an enemy with the weapon.
- The Novice multiclass feat is available at 4th level and swaps a 3rd level encounter attack power with one related to the weapon.
- The Expert multiclass feat is available at 8th level and swaps a 6th level encounter attack power with one related to the weapon.
- The Specialist multiclass feat is available at 10th level and swaps 10th level utility power with one related to the weapon.
Things Not to Do
- Do not balance increased damage or additional features by increasing the gold piece cost of the weapon. Firstly, it won't take long for a character to save up the money for the item, they pay once, now they permanently have an overpowered weapon. Secondly, a character starting at a higher level begins with any mundane equipment they require irrelevant of gold piece cost.
- Do not add magical effects. Magical weapons are created by adding an enchantment to a mundane weapon.
- Trip, Disarm, Dismount
If your weapon is designed to drip, disarm or dismount, consider Tripping and Disarming (4e Variant Rule). Adding the Tripping, Disarming or Dismounting properties to your weapon does not change its category, so add where appropriate.
Minor Drawbacks, Minor Bonuses
This system came about during my overhaul of 4e firearms. Blackpowder weapons take two minor actions to reload, which is not enough of a penalty to change the weapon's category: it's a "minor drawback". To balance it, I introduced lesser versions of existing properties as "minor bonuses."
- Load Two Minor
Muzzle-loaded blackpowder weapons take longer to reload than bows or crossbows, since both powder and shot or ball must be loaded.
It takes two minor actions to load this weapon.
- Cartridge Jams
Firearms that use cartridges are faster to reload, and the bullet is often rifled providing better accuracy and range. However, in the D&D world, this technology is in its infancy.
If you roll a 1 on an attack roll with this weapon the cartridge jams in the breech. The ammunition is wasted and a standard action must be spent to clear the jam before the weapon can be used again.
- Point-Blank Brutal
Firearms that fire shot are deadlier at short range, before the pellets spread out.
This property works the same way as Brutal, except it only applies at Normal range, not Long range. As with Brutal, the value is 1 with damage die of d4, d6 or d8; the value is 2 with damage die of d10 or d12.
- Powder Crit
This is a lesser version of High Crit, and applies to firearms that shoot bullets or ball.
When you score a critical hit with this weapon, you deal extra damage. For weapons with damage die of d4, d6 or d8, the extra damage is 1 per tier. With damage die d10 or d12, the extra damage is 2 per tier.


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posted by BeeBee.
The subject is stoichiometry. How many moles of NH3 can be produced from 12.0mol of H2 and excess N2?
First, we write the balanced chemical equation involved. Since the reaction is synthesis of NH3,
N2 + 3 H2 -> 2 NH3
Since N2 is excess, H2 is limiting and we therefore use its moles to determine the amount of NH3 produced. In the equation, there are 2 moles of NH3 produced over 3 moles of H2 reactant. Thus, we use this ratio:
12.0 mol H2 ( 2 mol NH3 / 3 mol H2 ) = 8.00 mol NH3
Hope this helps~ :3
Jai... what happen to the excess N2


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A Great Equalizer?
In July India launched its long-awaited nuclear-powered submarine, Arihant ("destroyer of enemies"), formerly the more-or-less secret Advanced Technology Vehicle. Her main weapon, the Sagarika medium-rangemissile, had already been tested from a submersible barge and pronounced mature. Work on a nuclear-powered submarine began in 1974, and reportedly the reactor design began in 1985. The hull was fabricated in eight sections by Larsen & Toubro, which makes many Indian weapon launchers (and built the barge for the submerged missile firing); it was assembled at the Visakhapatnam naval dockyard. This is a large submarine, reportedly displacing 9,400 tons submerged (124 meters long), perhaps to provide sufficient buoyancy for a reactor that may weigh 600 tons. The Indians had previously leased the Soviet Charlie-class missile submarine Chakra to gain nuclear experience, and used Russian technical assistance to overcome some problems. The submarine was laid down during 2007 and is to run trials in 2010. Her size suggests that frequent reports that she is little more than a Charlie are wrong; the old Soviet submarine was considerably smaller.


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Seismic earth tremors occur at an active part of the earth's crust at the average rate of one every two days. What is most likely number of tremors to occur in a week.
My answer: 0.5*7=3.5
Book's answer: 3
What i want to know is the basis upon which the answer was reached?
How do I round of 3.5 in this situations? Normally it rounds to 4, sadly:(


Grace Murray Hopper
Grace Murray Hopper (December 9, 1906 – January 1, 1992) was an American computer scientist and United States Navyrear admiral.[1] She was one of the first programmers of the Harvard Mark I computer in 1944,[2] and invented the firstcompiler for a computer programming language,[3][4][5][6][7]and the one of those who popularized the idea of machine-independent programming languages, which led to the development of COBOL, one of the first high-level programming languages. She is credited with popularizing the term "debugging" for fixing computer glitches (inspired by an actual mothremoved from the computer). Owing to the breadth of her accomplishments and her naval rank, she is sometimes referred to as "Amazing Grace".[8][9] The U.S. Navy Arleigh Burke class guided-missile destroyer USS Hopper (DDG-70) is named for her, as was the Cray XE6 "Hopper" supercomputer at NERSC.


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Workshop: Translation of Academic Texts
Lecturer: Eduard Levin
The workshop is given in 4 sessions, for a total of 16 academic hours. The workshop consists of a combination of frontal lectures and class discussions, with one session devoted to computer drills.
What is academic writing? A general discussion of issues of academic style precedes the main topic of the session, and of the workshop as a whole: the scholarly apparatus – footnote references and bibliography – is what defines writing as "academic."
* style sheets (Chicago Manual of Style, JBL Handbook of Style, APA, etc.; specific style sheets)
* the transition from Hebrew references/bibliography to English
* problematic references/bibliography in the Hebrew
Tips and tools for academic documentation: hands-on computer workshop:
* online library catalogues
* focused Google searches
* additional tools
* limits to internet usage
Selected topics, including:
* professional jargon
* ask the author
* scholarly hesitation: nidmeh li, nire she-
* content issues
– should the translator intervene in content?
– neutral content in source language, more sensitive in target
* gender-specific language
* politically correct language
Analysis and discussion of course assignment and student submissions
Preparation of English references, according to the Chicago Manual of Style, from selected Hebrew references


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What is a WHOIS lookup?
A WHOIS lookup allows you to find out information about a domain name that is already registered.
WHOIS is a protocol used to find information about networks, domains and hosts. All domain names have a WHOIS record, which will usually provide the following details:
- The domainís registrar of record.
- Contact details for the domainís owner, as well as administrative, billing and technical contacts.
- The expiry date of the domain.
- The status of the domain.
This information can be useful if you wish to contact the owner of the domain you are interested in with an offer to purchase.


text:
Shelby Foote, Deceased
Kaufman HH. Treatment of head injuries in the American Civil War. Journal of Neurosurgery. 1993 May; 78(5): 838-845.
Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown.
At the time of the American Civil War (_PHONE_), a great deal was known about closed head injury and gunshot wounds to the head. Compression was differentiated from concussion, but localization of lesions was not precise. Ether and especially chloroform were used to provide anesthesia. Failure to understand how to prevent infection discouraged physicians from aggressive surgery. Manuals written to educate inexperienced doctors at the onset of the war provide an overview of the advice given by senior surgeons. The Union experiences in the treatment of head injury in the Civil War were discussed in the three surgical volumes of The Medical and Surgical History of the War of the Rebellion. Wounds were divided into incised and puncture wounds, blunt injuries, and gunshot wounds, which were analyzed separately. Because the patients were not stratified by severity of injury and because there was no neuroimaging, it is difficult to understand the clinical problems and the effectiveness of surgery. Almost immediately after the war, increased knowledge about cerebral localization and the development of antisepsis (and then asepsis) permitted the development of modern neurosurgery.
Publication Types: Historical Article
PMID: _PHONE_ [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Anthony H. Risser | neuroscience | neuropsychology | brain |


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A Guide to Learning Independently 4 e describes techniques to help students succeed in formal education. It helps with learning tasks such as writing assignments, reading textbooks, making notes and concentrating when studying, as well as offering a range of suggestions as to how students can meet the requirements of their teachers and courses. It is also designed to help students discover their own learning goals and how they learn best.
The text rests on the premise that it is possible for a person to change the way they approach their learning. It is directed to the individual student because it is the individual who must write the essays and reports, pass the exams and organise themselves in order to be successful in the tertiary education system.
List of tables
About the authors
Preface to the fourth edition
Read this first!
2. Planning when and how you study
3. Becoming an independent student
4. Asking your own questions
5. Learning and remembering
6. Choosing and analysing a topic
7. Researching a topic
8. Using libraries and other information sources
10. Listening to lectures
11. Participating in discussion groups
12. Developing your writing
13. Writing essays
14. Writing scientific reports
15. Using conventions
16. Learning from evaluation
Appendix: Discrimination: Sexist language and attitudes
Student learning reference books


text: A new leap has been made in the race to create ever smaller transistors. Chungbuk National University, located in South Korea, has successfully created a 2nm transistor, which is drastically smaller than that of the currently used 32nm transistor. This smaller size would allow for a much higher transistor count in future processors. Such a small size could offer added benefits for mobile computing by allowing a lower power usage and even smaller processing units than are currently available. Such technology could drastically change the current evolution of computing power.


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Written by Jack Meltzer
Kellstedt's lecture, "Are Men from Mars and Women from Venus?" offers a new view on the gender gap. Gender differences is an ongoing research topic, with some seeing the issue as a physiological/biological difference between men and women while others attributing the difference to social and political issues.
Kellstedt's special research interest is in American politics and political methodology. He is the author of, "The Mass Media and the Dynamics of American Racial Attitudes," which explores the theme of racial attitudes in