, What You Should Know About OBD Scanners, Saubio Making Wealth
What You Should Know About OBD Scanners
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, What You Should Know About OBD Scanners, Saubio Making Wealth
The interesting world of cars is filled with wonders and great inventions that get upgraded continuously. One specific invention that was created back in the late '80s is the OBD scanner— a handy tool for analyzing and diagnosing issues and data in cars.
Typically, an OBD, or an On-Board Diagnostics, is a system, which displays a computer system of a car and then reports diagnostic trouble codes or (DTCs). In other words, upon having car troubles, OBDs have got your back. They will search, detect, analyze, and report problems. But how does all of that come to be?
This article will help you know more about OBD scanners.
What is an OBD device?
OBD is short for On-Board Diagnostic, which is defined as a consistent and standardized system that lets outside electronics interface with the computer system of a car. It has been more essential because cars have become more engrossed in the computer age.
The software of this apparatus is the way to detect and find problems and unlock performance; it had existed before anybody thought about the concept of connected cars or infotainment. OBD has certainly come in different forms, and this was attributed to the necessity of having a device that regulates emissions and injects electronic fuel.
OBD is simply an incorporated system in cars that screens and keeps a record of data from the electronic control units, which are small computers that regulate the micro-functions of various parts of a vehicle. When someone starts their car, the OBD system initiates a scanning procedure to make sure that every gear and component in the engine is performing as anticipated.
What are the Types of OBD?
The OBD device has two types: OBD and OBD II, which is the second generation of such apparatuses that came in the late '90s and weaved its way to the car world throughout the 2000s. For OBD II, the design of its system aids the car by conducting intervallic tests of important components of the vehicle and emission monitoring.
The car experts over at _URL_ suggest a useful account of info regarding the best OBD II scanners that fit your car's needs. Basically, OBD II is a tool that self-diagnoses vehicles, and it controls and displays the health of automobiles. On the other hand, an OBD II scanner can be used to analyze and read the data which the car collects daily.
What are the Issues that OBD detects?
Indeed the system of the OBD does thorough monitoring, but what does it exactly monitor? The system uses the sensors of vehicles to specify if something has gone wrong; however, some OBD scanners can read actual info from vehicle sensors. OBD, especially the second generation, covers numerous issues, such as transmission systems, engines, fuel systems, computer systems, the engine fails, as well as misfires.
The issues are typically understood and translated by OBDs as codes. Instead of a diagnosis that simply notifies the driver that there is a malfunction in transmission, the driver sees a collection of numbers and letters that are inconceivable with no reference provided. Codes of trouble begin with a letter and contain about four or five numbers that point toward the specialized subsystem and the problem it is facing.
Why is having an OBD important?
It is of vital importance to have an OBD II device installed in your car. While the majority of vehicles come with an in-built OBD system and the light of the check engine alerts drivers, if a problem with your engine occurs, you would still undeniably benefit from an OBD scanner. That is mainly attributed to how an OBD scanner is time-efficient and money-saving.
Vehicle owners often devote great amounts of time and money to service centers. Although the check engine lights up when something goes wrong, you still have no idea what the problem precisely is. Hence, you can't decide if it's an issue you can address yourself or it needs a professional hand.
It is also difficult to know the exact cost until the service center surprises you with a gigantic bill. OBD scanners also ensure the safety of the car because they can instantly inform you of the severity of the problem. Thus, they guarantee a safe ride without serious issues that may lead to accidents.
OBD scanners have been a ground-breaking invention over the recent four decades. The advancement and improvement of such devices have shaped the car world radically. With our previous guide, you can now have a comprehensive understanding of such amazing devices that benefit all of us in many ways—having car troubles will not hinder you anymore like before.
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Under the guise of "aid in dying", Connecticut is considering a bill (HB 5898) that would provide legal cover to doctors who proscribe death to treat illness, provided they dot every "i" and cross every "t". Worse yet, there is no requirement for a mental health evaluation to be done before the patient takes the death drugs, only that any such evaluation is made when they are requested, and even then a patient could be "steered" by a doctor, hospital, &c..
"Proponents talk of 'safeguards.' Nothing can prevent an erroneous prognosis or keep a vulnerable person from subtly being steered. Moreover, the bill's focus is on the parameters of permissible medical behavior and not on patient protection. Thus, the minimal criteria written into the bill apply only to the prescribing of the lethal drugs, and not to their use. Any mental health evaluation to determine if a person has impaired decision capacity is made when he requests the drugs.
"There is no requirement that a person be evaluated just prior to taking the drugs although mental state can fluctuate widely based on physical factors like oxygen level. It is conceivable that a person could take the drugs during a temporary depression or on impulse. Drugs are to be self-administered but there is no mechanism for insuring that will always be the case. It would be very easy for mistakes or abuse to occur and never be discovered."
The bill, as introduced, can be read here, or below:
Connecticut HB5898 (2019) by on Scribd

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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P1dB vs TOI-1dB compression point,Third Order Intercept Point
This page compares P1dB vs TOI and mentions difference between P1dB (1dB compression point) and TOI (Third Order Intercept Point). It also describes IIP3,OIP3 etc.
TOI | Third Order Intercept Point
As mentioned TOI refers to Third Order Intercept Point. As we know from our discussion in intermodulation distortion page, saturated or overdriven amplifier produces unwanted products of input signals. This is known as IMD (Intermodulation Distortion). When two or more signals are fed to the nonlinear device whether passive or active will generate many combinations of input signals produced at the output. These contain first order, second order and third order products. Out of these intermodulation distortion (IMD) products only third order products are vulnerable to interference due to its higher amplitude and close proximity with the desired signals. For f1 and f2 input signals, output third order products namely 2f1-f2 as well as 2f2-f1 lead to IMD interference.
Each P1dB increase results in 3dB increase in 3rd order IM (Intermodulation) power. TOI point is a figure of merit,
which characterizes a RF receiver's tolerance subjected to multiple RF signals outside passband of interest.
The TOI points on X-axis and Y-axis are designated as IIP3 and OIP3 respectively.
Refer IIP3 versus OIP3 which describes difference between IIP3 and OIP3.
The figure depicts IP3 measurement setup.
➤ OIP3 = POUT + ΔP/2
ΔP = POUT - POUT_3
Here POUT refers to power of fundamental signals when they are equal in magnitude
POUT_3 refers to power of third order intermodulation products when they are equal in magnitude
Refer IIP3 calculator >> which calculates IIP3 and OIP3, when powers of both fundamental signals are equal and when powers of IMD products are also equal.
Refer IM3 calculator which calculates third order intercept points at input (i.e. IIP3) and at output (i.e. OIP3) using IM3 formula mentioned above.
P1dB | 1dB compression point
P1dB or 1dB compression point is the part of the curve where, 2dB change in the input power fed to the amplifier(RF circuit) results into 1 dB change in the output power. The input and output powers are called as P1Bin and P1dBout respectively. In reality, Intercept point is usually about 10 dB higher value compare to P1dB (1dB compression point).
Both IIP3 and OIP3 are results of third order intermodulation distortion products. RF circuit does not function correctly or amplify the input signal properly at the IIP3 input level.
IIP3 mentioned above is the 3rd order intercept point at the input of the amplifier for OIP3 (Output third Order Intercept point).
Following equation mentions relation between IIP3 and OIP3 with respect to gain.
Gain + IIP3 = OIP3
The formula is useful in order to characterize linearity of a RF receiver for signals below the saturation level.
What is Difference between
difference between FDM and OFDM
Difference between SC-FDMA and OFDM
Difference between SISO and MIMO
Difference between TDD and FDD
Difference between 802.11 standards viz.11-a,11-b,11-g and 11-n
OFDM vs OFDMA
CDMA vs GSM


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A new class of "bioactive" glass can act like an intelligent system-it not only senses its environment but reacts chemically and physically to it.
At Southern Illinois University, Bakul C. Dave (pronounced Da-vey) has formed a transparent glassy material from an organically modified silica gel solution. Mixed with water at room temperature, the sol-gel solution hardens in about five minutes into a solid yet elastic transparent gel.
The sol-gel glass is honeycombed with microscopic pores that can absorb biomolecules such as proteins or enzymes and release them in response to environmental stimuli. This property could bring closer a smart drug-delivery vehicle able to regulate dosages to maintain proper therapeutic levels.
Swell Glass
Conventional glass, created by melting silica at high temperature, contains very little water. Sol-gel glass is 20 percent water by weight. The combination of porosity and high water content makes the sol-gel glass a flexible sensor and reactor.
In lab experiments the sol-gel glass swells, shrinks or bends under conditions of changing temperature or acidity, yet reverts back to its original shape when the environment moderates. It also responds to changes in salt or electric field.
Additionally, the glass can react to a variety of chemical stimuli, including proteins and other biomolecules. The glass's sensitivity, including the choice of target molecule, is controlled by modifications to the silica gel solution.
As the sol-gel glass changes shape, it can absorb or expel biomolecules through its interconnected system of micropores, which also enlarge or shrink. The glass itself is bio-inert, or biocompatible, meaning that it preserves the integrity of biomolecules built into or absorbed into the sol-gel pores. This biocompatibility also means that its use as a pill or implant should not trigger infection or rejection by the body.
Pump or Sponge
Dave's research team is investigating the sol-gel's potential as an environmentally regulated drug delivery vehicle. Unlike time-release capsules, whose action is continuous, a sol-gel insulin pump, for example, would mimic the natural response of the pancreas, modulating the amount of insulin it releases in proportion to the fluctuating concentration of glucose in the blood.
Dave's team has begun to test this approach with sol-gel implants in mice. At expected levels of dosage, the insulin in the one-millimeter implant could last for several years, he says.
In a lab, the bioactive glass could find further uses as a protein sponge or separator, soaking up a specific target molecule from a biological soup. Later the process could be reversed to wring out the separated protein.
Other potential applications include microfluidics and thin films. It might be possible, says Dave, to shape the porous material into tiny channels, valves and reservoirs that open and close by changing shape rather than mechanical action.
Or, as a thin film or coating, the sol-gel glass could function as a sensor, communicating environmental conditions to an underlying material or substrate, allowing pressure within a pipe, or the speed of an engine, to be adjusted as needed.
To Dave, the chief aim of his sol-gel research is the breadth of applications it could open up. "We can effectively convert any chemical or physical signal into a carefully modulated response," he says.
Honey, I Shrunk the Sample
Like so many scientific developments, Dave's sensitive glass was discovered almost by accident. Sol-gels have been around for many years and have even been blended with organic and biomolecular materials. In 1997, Dave's group was working on organic sol-gels for photochemistry applications when a graduate student accidentally left a bright light on a sample. To everyone's surprise, the sample shrank under the light.
Today, Dave is refining the silica solution's ability to precisely sense and react to specific environmental stimuli after it solidifies into sol-gel glass. He is also beginning to investigate applications on the nano frontier, where particles of the sol-gel glass could be used for molecule-specific delivery or absorption of drugs and other therapeutic substances.
If he's successful, we might eventually see sol-gel nanoparticles being used to clean organs or tissues by removing or neutralizing harmful proteins or bacteria.
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Here in this article, I will take you through how to implement a binary search algorithm with python. Binary search also called half-interval search, which is an algorithm used in computers systems to find the position of a value in a sorted array.
What is Binary Search Algorithm?
In a binary search algorithm, the list is split in half and then searched in each half. One thing to notice while implementing the binary search algorithm is that the list must be sorted before running the algorithm.
The list is then split into two halves by the index, find the element in the middle(m) of the list, then start at m-1 is a list and m+1 at the end is another list, check if the element is at the middle, higher or lower than this and return the appropriate position of the key element to find.
How Binary Search Works?
So let's say you have a list of 10,000 items. The element you are looking for is in the 9000th place. If you implement any other search algorithm in this scenario, it will take a long time to give you the result. Because the algorithm has to check every item in the list.
So we first need to specify the lower limit and the upper limit. The lower limit is the first index in the list and the upper limit is the last index in the list. Once you finish assigning the lower and upper limits, the next thing you have to find a mid-index.
Mid index = (Lower limit + Upper Limit)/2
Now let's specify the item we need to find in our list. Let's say we need to find number 90 in our list. Now let's create a binary search algorithm with Python to find the number 90 in a list:
This is how you do the binary search. If you have a huge list, this method will save your life. There is a major drawback to this method of research. You must have a sorted list if you want to search your list using binary search.
I hope you liked this article on how to implement a binary search algorithm with Python. Feel free to ask your valuable questions in the comments section below. You can also follow me on Medium to learn every topic of Machine Learning and Python.


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Dedicatory Anthem (Oliver Holden)
- Editor: Barry Johnston (submitted 2015-07-09). Score information: Letter, 3 pages, 96 kB Copyright: Public Domain
- Edition notes: Oval note edition, as written in 1800, but fermata over bar line interpreted as one blank measure. MusicXML source file is in compressed.mxl format.
Title: Dedicatory Anthem
First Line: Great is the Lord, and greatly to be praised
Composer: Oliver Holden
Description: First published in Plain Psalmody, 1800, pp. 52-55. Words adapted by Holden from Psalm 48. Superscription: "Composed for the dedication of the new Meeting-House in Charlestown."
Original text and translations
Great is the Lord, and greatly to be praised
In the city of our God,
In the mountain of His holiness.
Beautiful for situation,
The joy of the whole earth,
Is Mount Zion:
On the sides of the north,
The city of the great king.
God is known in her palaces for a refuge. (Psalm 48:1-3)
As we have heard,
So we have seen in the city of our God,
God will establish it forever.
We have thought of Thy loving-kindness, O God,
In the midst of Thy temple. (Psalm 48:8-9)
Let Mount Zion rejoice,
Let the daughters of Judah be glad, (Psalm 48:11)
For this God is our God forever and ever. (Psalm 48:14)


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Walking and bicycling are fun, healthy, and environmentally friendly activities for children ages 5-13.
This professional development training is comprised of a 6-hour tutorial on pedestrian skills and safety lessons-including getting on and off of a school bus safely. Participants will begin the day at the BCIU and then be transported to a local elementary school for the outdoor walking training.
Berks County teachers, public or private, who complete the training receive full access to the online resources and print materials, including teacher's guide, activity books for students, and educational videos. Teachers will be given creative lessons and activities to fill existing curriculum -- as everything provided is aligned to state standards.
In addition to walking for health, skills, and safety lessons, teachers will be provided materials for their students to learn to view their feet as good means of recreation, exercise and transportation.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


- Certified Organic Castor Oil and Some of Its Uses
 Castor oil has been used for both medicinal and beauty purpose for centuries. It is believed that the ancient Egyptians used castor oil to protect the eyes and also as a facial oil. At present, castor oil is widely used in beauty products like lip balm, eyeliner, conditioner, and styling gel. It is also used in ointments for the skin.


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The Special Operations Division trains and responds to emergency hazardous materials incidents, technical rescues, and the rescue of all incident victims. It also responds to disasters and assists other local emergency responders.
As a result of countywide strategic planning, Wylie is primarily concerned with two specialties: Water Rescue and Hazardous Materials response. Although these are our primary areas of concern, attention is given to all areas of specialized response. Current plans call for other agencies throughout Collin County to focus on other specialty areas, with hazardous materials being a joint effort among all agencies.
Special operations is a multi-faceted section and has management responsibilities for the following programs:
- Hazardous Materials
- Swift Water/Dive Rescue
- Specialized/Technical Rescue


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10 m Kit Birdline Pro Solar Box
The BirdLine Pro is a revolutionizing bird control hi-tech solution. It consists of two main
parts: a solar box and a BirdLine stripe. The solar box generates harmless electric pulses
to the BirdLine stripe that result in scaring the birds away and back to nature.
Kit 2" -33 feet+ Solar Box Control
Transparent and invisible to the eye, and does not interfere with the design of the structure
HDPE-UV stabilized transparent pressure strips of 0.16 feet wide packed into 33 feet.
Easy and simple for everyone to use and install on balconies, roofs or windows to keep unwelcome guests away
The voltage across the pressure strip is not dangerous and does not harm humans or animals. The voltage is supplied by a small 12 V lithium-ion battery using induction current coil technology that when touched emits a shock that is painful but harmless.
The 33 feet birdline pro pressure strip kit is composed of 33 feet pressure strip, connectors and a solar box.
The HDPE-UV stabilized transparent pressure strips on which conductive strips are sewn. The pressure strip is designed to withstand extreme weather conditions and be in service for many years.
The birdline pro solar box is controlled by a smart electric processor. The processor controls the structure, intensity and frequency of the pulse, as well as its automatically adaptation to varying conditions such as humidity, day and night, etc.
The pulse rate varies randomly such that it teaches the pigeons and birds to stay away. Pigeons and birds have episodic-like memory for locations. The pulse conditions the pigeon to deter from returning to that area by classifying it as hostile and unpleasant.
The kit is suitable for all of types of surfaces such as awnings, window sills and balconies.
- Luxurious design that fits any surface.
- Exclusively manufactured by Magnor in
33 feet Birdline Pro strip
4 quick connectors
4 bridging cables


text: A groundbreaking biography that recreates the cosmopolitan world in which a wine merchant's son became one of the most celebrated of all English poets More than any other canonical English writer, Geoffrey Chaucer lived and worked at the centre of political life—yet his poems are anything but conventional. Edgy, complicated, and often dark, they reflect a conflicted world, and their astonishing diversity and innovative language earned Chaucer renown as the father of English literature. Marion Turner, however, reveals him as a great European writer and thinker. To understand his accomplishment, she reconstructs in unprecedented detail the cosmopolitan world of Chaucer's adventurous life, focusing on the places and spaces that fired his imagination.Uncovering important new information about Chaucer's travels, private life, and the early circulation of his writings, this innovative biography documents a series of vivid episodes, moving from the commercial wharves of London to the frescoed chapels of Florence and the kingdom of Navarre, where Christians, Muslims, and Jews lived side by side. The narrative recounts Chaucer's experiences as a prisoner of war in France, as a father visiting his daughter's nunnery, as a member of a chaotic Parliament, and as a diplomat in Milan, where he encountered the writings of Dante and Boccaccio. At the same time, the book offers a comprehensive exploration of Chaucer's writings, taking the reader to the Troy of Troilus and Criseyde, the gardens of the dream visions, and the peripheries and thresholds of The Canterbury Tales.By exploring the places Chaucer visited, the buildings he inhabited, the books he read, and the art and objects he saw, this landmark biography tells the extraordinary story of how a wine merchant's son became the poet of The Canterbury Tales.


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Trauma patients with the â€˜triad of deathâ€™
The â€˜triad of deathâ€™ consists of the presence of acidosis, coagulopathy and hypothermia in an injured patient. It is very difficult to reverse and is consequently associated with a high fatality, making it a dreaded presentation which requires high vigilance and swift action. This article aimed to look closer at these presentations, their outcomes and management.
It was found that the mortality rates for this presentation are still high, despite a general decrease in patient fatality following major trauma. All three components appear to increase the likelihood of death individually. However, when all three occur together, one can additionally worsen the effect of the others causing what is referred to as a â€œvicious cycle resulting in deathâ€. Nevertheless, the presence of severe coagulopathy is linked with higher risk than the extremes of the other two in a â€œtriad of deathâ€ presentation. New agents targeting this are therefore suggested.
Title: Trauma patients with the â€˜triad of deathâ€™
Authors: Mitra B, Tullio F, Cameron PA, Fitzgerald M
Journal: Emergency Medicine Journal


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Why Do Onions Burn Your Eyes
Why Do Onions Burn Your Eyes?
Onions are a staple ingredient in various cuisines around the world. They add flavor, texture, and aroma to a wide range of dishes. However, working with onions can be quite a challenge due to the irritating effect they have on our eyes. Many of us have experienced the uncomfortable burning sensation, tears streaming down our faces, and the struggle to finish chopping onions without resorting to wearing goggles. But why exactly do onions have this effect on our eyes?
The answer lies in the chemical compounds present in onions. When we cut, slice, or chop an onion, it releases a volatile gas called syn-propanethial-S-oxide. This gas reacts with the moisture in our eyes, forming a mild sulfuric acid. This acid irritates the nerve endings in our eyes, causing the familiar burning sensation and triggering our tear glands to produce tears in an attempt to wash away the irritant.
Onions contain a compound called alliin, which when cut or crushed, converts into other compounds that react with the syn-propanethial-S-oxide gas. The reaction produces a combination of sulfuric acid and other compounds that further intensify the irritation. Additionally, onions also release enzymes called lachrymatory factors when cut, which further contribute to the burning sensation.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs):
1. Can I prevent onions from making me cry?
Unfortunately, there is no foolproof method to completely prevent onions from making you cry. However, there are a few strategies that may help minimize the irritation. These include chilling the onions before cutting, cutting the onion under running water, or wearing goggles to protect your eyes.
2. Does the type of onion affect how much it makes you cry?
Different varieties of onions contain varying levels of sulfur compounds, which can influence the intensity of eye irritation. Generally, stronger-flavored onions, such as yellow onions, tend to cause more tears compared to milder varieties like sweet onions.
3. Can wearing contact lenses protect my eyes from onion fumes?
Wearing contact lenses may provide some barrier between your eyes and the onion fumes, but it is not a guaranteed solution. The gas can still reach your eyes, causing irritation and tearing.
4. Are there any health risks associated with cutting onions?
While cutting onions may cause temporary discomfort, there are no long-term health risks associated with it. The tears and irritation are merely a natural reaction to the compounds released by the onion.
5. Is it possible to eliminate the irritant gas from onions?
There are some genetically modified onions available that have reduced levels of the enzyme responsible for producing the irritant gas. However, these onions are not widely available and may not have the same flavor profile as traditional onions.
6. Does cooking onions reduce the eye irritation?
Cooking onions can lessen the eye irritation to some extent as heat breaks down the compounds responsible for the irritation. However, it is important to note that cooking onions for an extended period or at high temperatures can also cause eye irritation.
7. Are there any remedies to soothe irritated eyes after cutting onions?
Rinsing your eyes with cold water, applying a cold compress, or using over-the-counter eye drops can help soothe the irritation caused by cutting onions.
8. Can wearing goggles prevent onion-induced tears?
Yes, wearing goggles can create a barrier between your eyes and the onion fumes, preventing tears. However, it may not be a practical solution for everyone, especially when cooking in a professional kitchen.
9. Can people with sensitive eyes handle onions without tearing up?
People with sensitive eyes may find it more challenging to handle onions without tearing up. They can try the strategies mentioned earlier, such as chilling the onions or using goggles, to minimize the irritation.
10. Are there any alternative methods for cutting onions that don't cause tearing?
Some alternative methods include using a sharp knife to minimize crushing and releasing the irritant compounds, cutting onions near a running fan to disperse the gas, or using a food processor with a closed lid.
11. Why do some people seem less affected by cutting onions?
Individual differences in tear production and sensitivity to the irritant compounds in onions can influence how much someone is affected by cutting onions. Some people may naturally produce fewer tears or have a higher tolerance for the irritation.
12. Can onions have any positive effects on health despite their irritating nature?
Yes, despite their tendency to make us cry, onions offer numerous health benefits. They are rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, and have been linked to various health benefits, including improved heart health, reduced inflammation, and enhanced immune function.
In conclusion, the burning sensation and tears caused by cutting onions result from the release of syn-propanethial-S-oxide gas and the subsequent reaction with moisture in our eyes. While there is no guaranteed way to prevent this irritation, various techniques and strategies can help minimize its impact. Ultimately, the flavorful addition that onions bring to our meals makes enduring this temporary discomfort worthwhile.


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Are you prepared for the Chemistry Paper for 2013 CBSE board examination!!!
Then test your preparations here by solving Chemistry Sample Paper CBSE 2013, given here
5. Write the reaction when glucose is heated with excess of HI.
8 An alkoxide is a stronger base than hydroxide ion. Justify.
9 (a) State the law which helps to determine the limiting molar conductivity of weak electrolyte.
(b) Calculate limiting molar conductivity of CaSO4 (limiting molar conductivity of calcium and sulphate ions are 119.0 and160.0 S cm2mol-1 respectively).
To get complete sample paper Click Here


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Promoter, in chemistry, substance added to a solid catalyst to improve its performance in a chemical reaction. By itself the promoter has little or no catalytic effect. Some promoters interact with active components of catalysts and thereby alter their chemical effect on the catalyzed substance. The interaction may cause changes in the electronic or crystal structures of the active solid component. Commonly used promoters are metallic ions incorporated into metals and metallic oxide catalysts, reducing and oxidizing gases or liquids, and acids and bases added during the reaction or to the catalysts before being used.
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A feasibility study report should include the project description, possible solutions, evaluation criteria, pinpointing the most feasible solution and a conclusion. Feasibility study reports are used to provide evidence for a project's effectiveness and to give supportive reasons why this project should be undertaken.Continue Reading
A project manager normally has to submit some kind of supportive background in order to receive the go-ahead from upper management to pursue a project. This is done by doing a feasibility study and submitting a report on the findings.
Step 1: Write the project description
The powers that be want to know the details of the proposed project. This information is included in the project description. The reason for the project and any background information should be listed here.
Step 2: Give some possible solutions
There should be more than one solution for the problem the project is attempting to resolve. Do an alternatives analysis to come up with a few different ways to solve the issue and list them here.
Step 3: Describe the evaluation criteria
This section sets and defines the evaluation criteria for the possible solutions. Be sure to list criteria for all the solutions given in Step 2.
Step 4: Pinpoint the most feasible solution
Describe the most feasible solution here. It should be the one that is the most economically and technically feasible.
Step 5: Write the conclusion
The conclusion summarizes the report. Review the aim of the project and reiterate the most feasible solution.Learn more about Business Resources


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create bilingual photo books and other instructional materials. These books were put to work in language classes offered intially to more than fifty Khang people, in conjunction with the newly created rules of transcription and recordings of fluent Khang speakers. The community is already working to expand and improve this language education to revitalize the use of their mother tongue, an important step in preserving their cultural heritage.
Safeguarding and Transmission of the Kutiyattam Sanskrit Theatre01-2004/10-2007, India
- Kutiyattam, Sanskrit theatre
- © Natanakairali / UNESCO
Kutiyattam is the oldest surviving form of Sanskrit theatre in Kerala, India, which developed a rich symbolic set of facial gestures, masks, and colorful costumes. This project aimed to bring Kutiyattam performers, previously working separately, together in creative exchange and expand the interest in their art. The long-term objectives were to:
- Create a network of Kutiyattam institutions and gurukalam (learning centres)
- Nurture the transmission to future generations
- Develop new audiences for Kutiyattam
- Foster further academic research on Kutiyattam
To address them, the project activities included the organization of:
- A Network of Kutiyattam Associations through joint coordination meetings of Kutiyattam institutions and gurukalam (learning centres), as well as the compilation of a Kutiyattam Register of traditional families and individual practitioners
- Training workshops and art camps for young artists and an increased number of performances, while the wider public was engaged in public performances and festivals
- Workshop for performers to handle palm-leaf manuscripts of Kutiyattam, often in possession of families; re-edition of old palm-leaf manuscripts and production of new plays; and audio-visual recordings and a series of documentary films
- Academic seminars and publications
A major result was that for the first time Kutiyattam performers cooperated in an association to address common issues and exchange practices, which in the past was kept privately in the last three custodian families. Such generation of social capital in communication is crucial to the survival of any cultural practice.
Full project description : English in preparation
Safeguarding Shashmaqom, the Classical Music of Central Asia01-2005/10-2007, Uzbekistan - Tajikistan
- Shashmaqom music
- © UNESCO
Le projet prévoit la production de documents audiovisuels (sous forme numérique) sur le shashmaqom par une équipe de spécialistes, de scientifiques et de musicologues dans les deux pays, la publication d'études scientifiques, l'organisation conjointe par les deux pays de conférences, d'expositions et de festivals et une aide aux facteurs reconnus d'instruments de musique. Des cours publics seront en outre organisés dans les deux pays pour assurer la transmission des techniques vocales et instrumentales traditionnelles.
Les résultats escomptés à la fin du projet sont les suivants: renforcement des compétences locales dans le domaine de la recherche, de l'enregistrement et de la production de documents audiovisuels; mise en place à l'échelle locale, nationale et internationale de réseaux de spécialistes, de musiciens et d'institutions s'intéressant au shashmaqom et à d'autres formes de maqoms, et promotion de relations durables dans ce domaine.
Implementation of the National Action Plan for the Safeguarding of Traditional Morin Khuur Music of Mongolia09-2004/09-2007, Mongolia
- Traditional music of the Morin Khuur
- © Mongolian National Centre for Intangible Heritage
A prominent musical expression among nomadic Mongolians, the Morin Khuur is an integral part of rituals and everyday activities. Distinct in sound, this two-stringed fiddle is characterized by its long neck bearing a carved horse head, reflecting the all-important cult of the horse among the nomad communities.
Intensive field research was undertaken to obtain updated information on diverse forms of Morin Khuur and its master players. A training workshop was organized in order to provide master players with basic teaching skills necessary to conduct training courses in the Morin Khuur traditions to be organized at pilot secondary schools in four administrative regions in Mongolia. A national Morin Khuur competition and festival was also organized and broadcast nationwide.
Field research extended and updated the existing archive of the Morin Khuur tradition and its master players. The training workshop contributed to strengthen the capacities essential to the preservation of the tradition. Masters were encouraged to preserve and transmit their traditional skills. Competitions and festivals enhanced the knowledge of and appreciation by young people for the Morin Khuur.
- Summary description of the project (English)
Traditional Money Banks in Vanuatu07-2004/06-2007, Vanuatu
- Celebration of 2007, the Year of the Traditional Economy in Vanuatu
- © Kirk Huffman
This project was designed to establish and promote traditional money banks that would allow people who are involved in the production of various forms of traditional wealth to continue producing such wealth while those who are primarily involved in the cash economy can have access to the traditional valuables needed for ceremonial activities.
Through this project, sufficient data on traditional money banking mechanisms and local communities demanding maintenance and revitalization of their traditional money systems was collected. Local populations were actively involved in the project; traditional money bank systems were established in many islands in Vanuatu, providing them with infrastructure materials necessary to establish traditional money banks. The project also resulted in the Vanuatu Government declaring "the Year of Traditional Economy 2007" so as to ensure the importance of traditional economy for self-reliance and sustainable development.
Safeguarding the Yukaghir Language and Oral Traditions2007, Russian Federation
- Sharing traditional Yukagir knowledge
- © UNESCO
Before this project, the language of the Yukagir was spoken fluently by only seventeen people. As a result, the oral and linguistic traditions of this ethnicy community in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) of the Russian Federation were severely endangered. With assistance from UNESCO, the Education Ministry of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and the Institute of the Indigenous Peoples of the North of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences undertook to promote the transmission of Yukagir oral traditions to youth and digitize the language and cultural materials, facilitating both transmission and preservation.
- Yukagir students attend a master class in language and oral heritage
- © UNESCO
The project involved four distinct activites:
- Organizing master classes led by native speakers to preserve oral intangible culture,
- Creating resource centers in schools that involve youth in the recording of traditional culture,
- Developing multimedia and electronic teaching aids and
- Digitizing Yukagir sources stored in state and private archives in a new inventory of the Yukagir oral intangible heritage
Active and enthusiastic engagement in this project by Yukagir of all ages means that the work of safeguarding their culture will continue through formal and informal education, preserving diversity and fostering pride in the Yukagir ethnic identity.
Establishment of Inventory and Preparation of a Ten-Year Master Plan for Safeguarding the Traditional Culture and Folklore of the Boysun District05-2003/06-2005, Uzbekistan
- Cultural space of Boysun District
- © National Commission of Uzbekistan
Boysun, located in south-eastern Uzbekistan, is known as one of the oldest inhabited areas of Central Asia. Local people gather to practice traditional rites such as the sowing ritual, wedding ceremonies, circumcisions of boys, funeral rites, and shamanistic rituals.
The project action plan included training tradition bearers, teachers and students to undertake field research, involving audio-visual documentation, ethnomusicological methodology and practices, as well as the establishment and maintenance of an electronic inventory of the performing arts, popular traditions and handicrafts of the Boysun district. Text materials, audio and video recordings and photos were collected during field research in 2004. The publication of a digital inventory followed, including DVDs and audio CDs. The Master Plan to be elaborated on the basis of this project entailed the preparation of legal provisions to protect the Boysun district as a cultural and natural park, the transmission of intangible cultural heritage elements through educational and training programmes for young performers and the publication of an atlas and illustrated monograph on Boysun handicrafts and folklore.
Safeguarding the linguistic and literary heritage of endangered languages in Yunnan2004/2005, China
In the province of Yunnan, China, the oral and written literary traditions of groups such as the Hani, Nisu and Lisu are in danger of being lost as the elders of these communities and their poorly documented local languages disappear. The goal of this project was to safeguard this valuable cultural heritage by developing local institutional capacity to document, maintain and revitalize languages and traditions.
Forging a partnership between Yuxi Normal University (Yunnan) and La Trobe University (Australia), researchers from the two institutions worked together to:
- train Chinese teacher educators and student teachers to document and maintain oral and written literature, creating a skills base for future work on minority languages,
- develop literary and educational materials in and about the languages of the Hani, Nisu and Lisu communities
- deploy this new institutional capacity to assist these groups in preserving the region's linguistic diversity and traditional knowledge
Supporting Chinese efforts to safeguard minority languages2002/2005, China
Officially, China counts 56 ethnic groups and over


text:
Migraine Pressure Point | Headache Relief Pressure PointsTweet
What are the pressure points to relieve a migraine?
A migraine pressure point is a place on your body that when pressed they will relieve the pain of migraine. A migraine pressure point releases congested energy and blood from the head. The effect of barometric pressure on the migraine headache.
Some things to relieve the migraine Pressure Point
- Many people think relief will come from a massage.
- Finger pressure points test is useful for to relieve migraine pressure point.
- Rest will relieve the migraine.
- Using acupressure to relieve headaches and migraine pain.
- Using thumbs gently massage points located on temples. You are supposed to barely touch the skin, the purpose of this part is to relax the patient.
Migraine Pressure Point
The location of migraine pressure point are as follows
- Migraine Pressure Point at Base of Skull
- Migraine Pressure Point at Mid-Forehead
- Migraine Pressure Point at Eye Corners
- Migraine Pressure Point on Hand
- Migraine Pressure Point on Foot


making psamp export congestion-aware
We haven't had much discussion of PSAMP export on the list. There's a
general requirement from the IETF that new protocols be congestion
aware, using RFC 2914 as a guide. Here are some thoughts on export
requirements for PSAMP, and a proposal for making it congestion-aware
while remaining compatible with PSAMP's goal of ubiquitous support on
network elements. Comments appreciated...
-- Jen
Export of measurement records in PSAMP: In the PSAMP framework, a
device such as a passive monitor or an interface card applies
selection and sampling rules to a stream of packets and generates
measurement records that include a collection of fields for each
packet. The device exports these records for further analysis. For
example, the records generated by the interface card on a router may
be exported to a separate collection server that may reside next to
the router or elsewhere in the network. When the measurement records
traverse the network, they compete for resources with other Internet
transfers. Congestion-aware export is important to ensure that the
measurement records do not overwhelm the capacity of the network or
unduly degrade the performance of other applications.
Unreliable transport: The export of measurement records does not
require reliable export. In fact, retransmission of lost measurement
packets could consume additional network resources and would require
state on the device generating the records. The device would have to
be addressable, able to receive and process acknowledgments, and to
store unacknowledged data. These requirements would be a significant
impediment to having uniform support for measurement on high-speed
interface cards in IP routers. Instead, we propose that PSAMP devices
can support a unreliable export mechanism. Sequence numbers on the
packets or the measurement records within the packet would indicate
when loss has occurred, and the analysis of the measurement data can
account for this loss. In some sense, packet loss becomes just
another form of sampling (albeit a less desirable, and less
controlled, form of sampling).
Changing the sending rate: In congestion-aware transport, there can be
a clear separation between the algorithm that computes the sending
rate and the way the sender adapts to the new sending rate. For
example, a device could conceivably reduce the sending rate by
discarding excess records. This approach may be an appropriate
reaction to transient congestion. Or, the device could operate with a
smaller sampling rate. This may be a more appropriate reaction to
long-term congestion. Or, the device could include fewer fields in
the measurement records to reduce the volume of data that are exported
to the collection machine. In some cases, a collection server may
receive measurement records from more than one device, and could
decide to reduce the export rate at one device rather than the other
(or reduce the rate for one of the filter banks at a device rather
than the other), in order to prioritize the measurement data. This
type of flexibility is valuable for network operators that collect
measurement data from multiple locations to drive multiple applications.
Configuration of the sending rate: The collection server is the
recipient of the traffic from the PSAMP device(s). This server can
detect congestion along the path from the PSAMP device through lost
packets (which manifest themselves as gaps in the sequence numbers, or
the absence of packets for a period of time). The server can run an
appropriate congestion-control algorithm to compute a new sending
rate, and can reconfigure the PSAMP device with the new rate. This is
an attractive alternative to requiring the PSAMP device to receive
acknowledgment packets. The server can reconfigure the sending rate
using an SNMP MIB or a command-line interface. It is already
envisaged having an SNMP accessible MIB for easy reconfiguration of
sampling parameters, so this dovetails well. Implementing the
congestion control algorithm in the collection server has the added
advantages of flexibility in adapting the sending rate and the ability
to incorporate new congestion-control algorithms as they become
available. For the PSAMP standard, it would be mandatory to implement
and such export rate control in both the measurement device and the
collector. There's scope here for reusing existing rate control
algorithms with well understood properties.
Notions of fairness: In some cases, it may be reasonable to allow the
collection server to have flexibility in deciding how aggressively to
respond to congestion. For example, the PSAMP device and the
collection server may have a very small round-trip time relative to
other traffic. Conventional TCP-friendly congestion control would
allocate a very large share of the bandwidth to this traffic.
Instead, the collection server could apply an algorithm that reacts
more aggressively to congestion to give a larger share of the
bandwidth to other traffic (with larger RTTs). In other cases, the
measurement records may require a larger share of the bandwidth than
other flows. For example, consider a link that carries tens of
thousands of flows, including some non TCP-friendly DoS attack
traffic. Restricting the PSAMP traffic to a "fair share" allocation
may be too restrictive, and might limit the collection of the data
necessary to diagnose the DoS attack. In this situation, the
collection server could conceivably have a less aggressive reaction to
congestion (say, dividing the sending rate by 1.5 rather than 2 in the
presence of loss) to claim a larger fraction of the link bandwidth.
The collection server could also employ policies that allocate
bandwidth in certain proportions among streams of measurement records
from different PSAMP devices (or filter banks in a single device).
to unsubscribe send a message to _EMAIL_ with


text:
Brit-Am Megalithic Bulletin Update (BAMBU)
NEWS AND INFORMATION
Tracing The Israelite Paths of Migration
according to the Directions of the Prophet Jeremiah 31:21
Contents of BAMBU Archives
Brit-Am Megalithic Bulletin Update
1. Solstice recorded in Scottish Stones
2. Ireland: New Grange
3. Interesting British-Israel-New Age Type Site on New Grange
1. Megaliths and Stonehenge
2. Ralph Waldo Emerson on Stonehenge
3. The Construction of Stonehenge: Sources
1. North Africa and Megaliths
Moorish Tag Day Update
2. Dating Uncertain but still Reluctant to Admit it.
Later finds in the mounds of megaliths
3. Megaliths Used by Later Cultures, or ascribable to them?
Imitations of ancient burial mounds
1. Lost City of Apollo Found at Stonehenge?
2. Prehistoric Moon map unearthed
3. Stonehenge not voted as one of the Seven Wonders of the World
4. Stonehenge: A megalithic mystery
5. Megaliths in Sligo, Ireland
6. Atlit Yam in Israel
7. Ancient Astronomy at Rujm el-Hiri (Rogem Hiri or Gilgal Rephaim)
1. A Modern Attempt: The Building of Stonehenge
2. Calendar Change from 365 days to 360 Explained
(a) 360 vs. 365 by Guy Cramer
(b) More Proof of a 360 Day Year
The 360 Day Prophetic Year of the Bible
by Grant R. Jeffrey
(c) Immanuel Velikovsky: THE YEAR OF 360 DAYS
3. Carbon Dating and Dendrochronology Refuted
The Secret Pathways of Megaliths
and Similar Dating Methods DeBunked
1. Calendar Change: More on the Calendar change from a 360-day year
2. Ancient Archeoastronomical stone circle found in Skane (Southern Sweden)
3. Useful and level-Headed Archeoastronomical Site
1. Astronomically Aligned Standing Stones at Ballochroy, Kintyre, Scotland
2. Loughgrow (Central East Ireland) Cairns
3. Desmond Johnston: Ireland in prehistorySelected Extracts
1. Brittany's ancient stones said to be erected by giants, haunted by fairies
2. New Finds on Silbury Hill [S-W England]
3. Nice, Short, Simple Pictorial Overview of Megaliths in Britain
1. Some of the Megaliths of Wales
2. Megaliths as Astronomy
3. Regional patterning among the megaliths of Galicia(NW Spain)
4. Megaliths without Populations?
5. Motifs of Decoration
6. Baalbeck in Lebanon
7. In Russia: Don ("Sambation") River Region
8. Brit-Am Megalithic Research To Date
9. Wikipedia: Dolmens of Russia. Pertinent Extracts
1. Megathlics in Ireland and their astronomical alignments
2. Avebury Notes (where did all the workmen come from?)
3. Thornborough (Again, where did all the workmen come from?)
4. Neolithic People Not Even Living in Fixed Settlements!
(These are supposed to have supplied thousands of workers to set up the Megaliths!)
5. New Excavations Beginning at Stonehenge
1. Rochdale's Stonehenge?
2. New Find in Cornwall
3. Stonehenge mystery hinges on unusual stones
4. Durrington Walls - An Overview
5. Druids fear shadow will be cast over view of 'birth of the Moon'
1. Two Articles on Stonehenge Astronomy and Mathematical Expertise
2. Study: Stonehenge was a burial site for centuries
3. Astronomical Alignment of "almost all megalithic remains" now accepted
1. Stone Circles in Ireland
2. Megalithic Monument Similarities Illustrated Israel-North Germany
3. Stonehenge in the Golan, Israel
1. Articles About Stonehenge
2. Was there An Ancient Wooden Replica of Stonehenge at Tara in Ireland?
3. The Dana i.e. Tuatha de Danaan: Sources
1. Impressive find from the Orkney Islands
2. Megalthic Pathways Within Britain
Ancient Man Used Stone "Sat Nav"
3. Other Sources Saying that the Megaliths Described Pathways
1. Some notes on Iron Age Dolmens in Sweden
Only known similarities from Crimea!
2. Megalithic monuments of Sweden
by Camilla Olsson. "visible from long distances"
3. Danish Rock-Carving Similar to Sumer (Ancient Mesopotamia)
1. Dolmens in India and France-connection?
DOLMENS IN JAPAN.
2. Dolmens of North Caucasus.
3. Megaliths in Urals Show Link to the Middle East
Isle of Vera - Standing Stones in Russia
4. The Megalithic Structures of Vera Island in Turgoyak Lake, Southern Urals
5. Perhaps the Stone Age in Scandinavia Did Not exist?
Thunderstone Mystery: What's a Stone Age Axe Doing in an Iron Age Tomb?
1. Finds in Syria.
2. More on Syrian Finds: Disregard the Exaggerated dates Given.
3. Finds in Jordan.
Jordan unearths 3,000-year-old Iron Age temple.
4. Dolmens at Wadi Jadid - Chambered Tomb in Jordan.
5. A prehistoric star map carved on a Welsh capstone?
1. A Stone Circle in the North.
Report and Photos from Britt Lode in Rogaland, Norway.
1. New Henge (Earth Rampart) Discovered at Stone Henge.
2. Galgal Refaim in Israel and Place-Names in Sweden.
3. The Sacred Isle: An Introduction to Irish Megalithics.
Megalithic Monuments may serve as proof of the Migratory paths of the Israelite Exiles.
For a Map and List of Israelite Migratory Routes see:
For more maps of the Megalithic Trail of Migration see:
There is much archaeological evidence some of which we have quoted in the past.
Dolmens and the Bible
Pictures: Dolmens from Around the World
Answer to Queries on Archaeology Question no.3:
"What do Dolmens and other megalithic monuments such as Stonehenge tell us?
Dolmens by Yair Davidiy
Dolmens in Biblical Codes
Immanuel Velikovsky and the Change in Our Calendar
Join the Brit-Am Ephraimite Discussion Group
Just Send an
with "Subscribe" in the Subject Line
and in the Message
Your Offerings and Orders for our Publications


text:
ODU Libraries Offers New Digital Collection of School Desegregation Materials
The Old Dominion University Libraries have a new digital collection, "School Desegregation in Norfolk, Virginia," documenting the "massive resistance" to desegregation following the Brown v. Board of Education ruling in 1954, which led to the closing of six Norfolk public schools and left 10,000 students out of school. The Web site is available at _URL_
"School Desegregation in Norfolk, Virginia" provides access to nearly 3,000 pages of primary source documents, including correspondence, news articles, reports, speeches and legal papers. Oral history interviews with some of the major figures of the time, including Vivian Carter-Mason, Ruth James and ODU Professor Emeritus Robert Stern, are also included.
A special feature of the Web site is a tribute to the Norfolk 17, the 17 African-American students who entered six previously all-white middle and high schools that had been closed by order of the Governor to prevent desegregation. Brief biographical sketches of these individuals are included.
In addition to the material in this digital exhibit, University Libraries' Special Collections has approximately 35,000 pages of documentation on Norfolk school desegregation in 14 collections.
Primary source materials from the Special Collections of the Old Dominion University Libraries document the activities of several prominent citizens in their efforts to reopen the public schools. Highlights of these materials are now available digitally, and include the activities of the Norfolk School Board, the Norfolk Committee on Public Schools, an attorney representing the plaintiffs in lawsuits initiated to reopen the schools and a teacher. Information on Virginia's reaction to the Supreme Court's decision as a whole is also included.
More information on these collections can be found at: _URL_
This article was posted on: July 22, 2008
Old Dominion University
Office of University Relations
Room 100 Koch Hall Norfolk, Virginia 23529-0018
Old Dominion University is an equal opportunity, affirmative action institution.


text:
The Two Kinds of Integers
« Create localhost Aliases for Different Projects
» What Comes After MVC
Code: abstractions, assembly, Haskell, Ruby, values
A small thing I see tripping up developers is that there are two kinds of integers: numbers and identifiers.
We don't know what the integer 4 means unless we know what it's for. Are we counting things, or identifying them? It's really easy to slip between the two, like this real code snippet I found:
- if event.event_type < 3 = event.label.humanize
Events have an integer to enumerate their possible types. It just so happens that the first two should have their label printed and the later ones shouldn't, but that's not anything to do with the numeric properties of the IDs. It doesn't make sense to multiply an ID by 7 or take the absolute value of an ID, but it's often tempting to add 1 for the next item or compare manitudes, even though the fact that you can do these things is an implementation detail.
One of the things I've really liked in the Haskell code I've read is how, everywhere, the basic types like integer are aliased to meaningful types like age, distance, or different identifiers. There's a lot more ceremony involved in creating a value class in Ruby, so it doesn't happen.
When we don't have classes or types, we get primitive obsession, where the knowledge of how to work with a value (especially basic things, like what it means to be valid) spread across the system instead of clustering. (To say nothing of the problems avoided by static typing.) Sometimes we get misled by the primitives and misuse them in ways that result in weird bugs.
"You never know where it's going to put things",
he explained, "so you'd have to use separate constants".
It was a long time before I understood that remark.
Since Mel knew the numerical value
of every operation code,
and assigned his own drum addresses,
every instruction he wrote could also be considered
a numerical constant.
He could pick up an earlier "add" instruction, say,
and multiply by it,
if it had the right numeric value.
His code was not easy for someone else to modify.
Leaping between abstraction and representation was useful decades ago when computers were far more limited, but now I can only code like the sample above as sloppy. I assume there's still some places it's useful in the design of embedded software or low-level protocols, but up in the business code I write all day it's a great way to set up future bugs.
I'm writing because x86 assembly was my third programming language when I was still very green. Knowing assembly is wonderful for understanding what's happening behind all the abstractions, but it left me with a really poor ability to form my own. I used to think I was clever for coding at multiple layers of abstraction at once, and now I think I'm clever for not.


text:
Pre-recruitment medical examination
The employer has to organise the pre-recruitment medical examinations when hiring employees. It is to ensure that the employees are physically fit and able to fulfill the contract of employment.
The pre-recruitment medical examination is a compulsory medical examination.
The French labor code, article R 4624-10 states that :
This medical examination concerns every employee, whatever the length of his employment contract. This examination takes place not later than the end of the trial period. But in case of strengthened medical supervision, the pre-recruitment medical examination does take place before the employee starts working for the enterprise.
The pre-recruitment medical examination includes :
- A questioning to know personal and family medical history, workstations occupied in the past (what risks was the employee exposed to).
- A physical examination
- Tests such as :
- Eye test
- Urinary examinations
- Lung function test
- Hearing test
- The occupational physician can also prescribe other tests according to the occupational risks observed within the company : blood test, urine cytology, etc
Labor code, article R 4624-11, defines the objectives of this examination :
1° to be sure the worker is physically fit to perform the work for which he would be recruited,
2 to propose modifications of the workstation, if it is necessary,
3° to know if the employee has a dangerous illness for the other workers,
4° to inform the worker about risks at the workstation, which health surveillance will be necessary,
5° and how he can protect from this hazards.
A report is filed by the occupational physician after each medical examination. The doctor has to give his opinion : the employee is fit or unfit to work, a workstation layout is necessary, etc
One copy of this certificate is given to the employer and the other is for the employee. Usually the occupational physician keep a copy too in the medical record of occupational health.
Time spent on the medical examination and on prescribed tests is taken on working time or is compensated and tranport costs too.


text:
Prevalence and Impact of Late Defecation in the Critically Ill, Thermally Injured Adult Patient
ARMY INST OF SURGICAL RESEARCH FORT SAM HOUSTON TX
Pagination or Media Count:
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of late defecation absence of laxation for more than 6 days after admission as an indicator of lower-gastrointestinal GI tract dysfunction in burn patients. In addition, the authors wanted to determine whether the addition of polyethylene glycol 3350 to the standard bowel regimen led to improvement in markers of lower-GI function and outcomes. The authors conducted a retrospective chart review of patients admitted to the burn intensive care unit during a 26-month period. Inclusion criteria were 20 or more TBSA burn, requirement for mechanical ventilation, and age over 18 years. Of 83 patients included, the prevalence of late defecation was 36.1 n 30. There was no association between late defecation and mortality. Patients with late defecation had more frequent episodes of constipation after first defecation P.03, of feeding intolerance P.007, and received total parenteral nutrition more frequently P.005. The addition of polyethylene glycol to the standard bowel regimen did not affect markers of lower-GI function. Late defecation occurs in more than one third of critically ill burn patients. Late defecation was associated with ongoing lower-GI dysfunction, feeding intolerance, and the use of total parenteral nutrition. The causal relationship between these problems has not been determined. A prospective study at the authors institution is currently planned to attempt to validate late defecation as a marker of lower-GI tract dysfunction, determine its relationship to various outcomes, and determine risk factors for its development.
- Anatomy and Physiology
- Medicine and Medical Research
- Organic Chemistry


Here is your vision for a better world
I want to create a secure future for children across the world, especially in developing countries by empowering them wholesomely to face the challenges and circumstances in life. This will, in turn, create a future generation of indomitable adults
It's all part of making a better world.
The world will have a future generation of indomitable adults founded on rich and secure childhoods. There will be enhanced financial independence, greater innovation, poverty will be non-existent, psycho-socially sound individuals
This is really going to help people.
The impact of my vision will be mainly felt by children in developing countries
Enhanced access to value-enhancing whole-rounded education
Significant reduction in cases of child abuse: physical, sexual, psychological
Zero marginalization and equal opportunity for all children
When academic institutions churn out wholesome and whole-rounded pupils; when academic curricula reflect the realities of life; when all children have access to food, education, healthcare, security/protection from abuse


text:
Code Enforcement & Inspections
You will have an on-demand, web-based solution to manage all code enforcement activities, including:
- Demand and recurring inspections
- Violation issuance and tracking
- Fines and penalties
- Court proceedings
This solution can be used for code enforcement complaints, health and safety, occupancy, fire protection, building management, and more.
Your benefits will include increased convenience for inspectors and other field personnel, increased revenue opportunities, and time savings for all concerned.
View samples of a code enforcement case.
Inspectors can, from the field or in the office:
- Maintain and view up-to-the-minute schedules
- Create and print inspection lists, violation notices, and citations
- Track the status and update code enforcement cases
Office Personnel can automatically:
- Receive and open cases resulting from complaints
- Schedule inspectors based on type, location, availability, etc.
- Compute, assess, and monitor collection of fines and penalties
License and Administration Officials can, by acquiring this solution:
- Review the complete history of a specific code enforcement case, including those arising from citizen complaints
- Review the complete history of code enforcement cases for a specific property
- Review up-to-the-minute reports on activity including number of inspections by type, violations by type, average processing time, and the like
Visit our FastTrackGov® website at _URL_ today.


Example Pivot Control for Windows Phone 7

 main section goes here

 options section goes here

 about section goes here
I followed you since your first mention about your pivot control. Thanks for great job! =)
But I have a little question.
Is there a possibility to make a binding to pages and page's contents?
To be more specific let's assume following example. I have products which grouped into several product groups (the number of them is not known at design time). And I want to show user a pivot control which displays each product group as a page and list products of selected group as page's content (ie as a listbox).
It would be great if you provide a little example of how can I do it with your control.
that is a interesting request.. right now the control is very much static.. it allows you to dynamically define pivot pages in XAML, but if it supported binding then it would need to be able to handle changes that might occur in the bound definition - it would have to know how to handle adding/removing pivot pages at runtime.. the current code constructs the UI in the control's Loaded event - so it is not possible to change the pivot pages beyond that..
the best you could do with the current tool is to construct the pivot pages programatically, and then add the pivot page to your UI.. here is an example of something like that:
// create a collection of pivot titles and corresponding UI content areas:
Dictionary pivotPages = new Dictionary();
pivotPages.Add("main", new TextBlock() { Text = "main section goes here" });
pivotPages.Add("options", new TextBlock() { Text = "options section goes here" });
pivotPages.Add("about", new TextBlock() { Text = "about section goes here" });
/// Method for setting up the pivot control and adding it to the stage from a pivot menu collection definition
private void CreateAndDisplayPivotControl(Dictionary pivotPages)
PivotControl pc = new PivotControl();
foreach (string menuTitle in pivotPages.Keys)
PivotPage pp = new PivotPage() { PageTitle = menuTitle, Content = pivotPages[menuTitle] };
that may not meet your need, but unfortunately there would be a lot of work trying to support binding so it's not something i'll be able to do for you.. i am going to be curious though if the final control supports dynamic binding of titles and content.. thanks for the comment!
Nice work Roger!
It worked right away. But I added a Storyboard that animates content inside one of the contentpages. But as soon as I start the Storyboard I get the message "2213 An error has occurred."
Did anyone experience this as well?
Mark Monster
ive run into that error a few times.. i dont exactly know how to solve it every time, but it seems it occurs when you have two different storyboards trying to modify the same object at the same time.. maybe try to group your objects into a grid and then animate against that grid instead of the main root of the page that the pivot control is trying to animate?
Thanks for your reply Roger. I tried your suggestion, but it didn't help. But still I just hope to get this control from the Microsoft Guys themselves :-). For now I have at least something to prototype.
Mark Monster
First of all, thanks for the control! However, i can't make a simple textbox to work properly inside of it. Let's start with xaml:
It looks perfectly in emulator and all the motions go smooth. Now let's get straight to the problem and add a bit of c# code:
private void Search(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
string text = SearchTerm.Text;
I'm getting a NullReferenceException for the SearchTerm.Text. Vs reacts as if SearchTerm TextBox doesn't exist at all... Is that just my mistake or there are some problem with this control?
[StackPanel HorizontalAlignment="Left" VerticalAlignment="Top" Orientation="Horizontal"]
[TextBox x:Name="SearchTerm" Margin="20,0,0,0" Width="275" TextWrapping="Wrap"/]
[Button x:Name="SearchButton" Width="150" Content="SEARCH" Click="Search"/]
oops, sorry for the code. Can't post it the other way :(
if it compiles, but then fails at runtime it may be that you are trying to access the SearchTerm textbox before InitializeComponent() has run - that would cause the value to still be null.. i dont think this issue is relative to the control, but hopefully that helps - if not see if you can host your code somewhere for me to download and look at.
I implemented this in a sample app that I have, and yeah, I was getting an unhandled ArgumentException when switching pages, so I had a look at the source and the only things I found (and subsequently altered) were:
1) You're initialising the PivotPages property in the DependencyProperty.Register() method which isn't really a problem on its own, but if multiple pivots are created (which probably won't happen... I'm not sure) then you'll end up with an unintended singleton which will cause issues. I was working on a layout-type control where I was getting very similar exceptions, so it's probably completely unrelated hehe :)
2) Changing that first property let me actually step through the code and it looks like almost everywhere you call UIElement.TransformToVisual(), you get an ArgumentException with some obscure stack trace staring you in the face. For the purposes of this control (before an official one comes out), the TransformToVisual() stuff didn't need to be there, so I removed it and the control's been behaving fine since then. I'm not sure why this exception gets thrown, these things with the really unhelpful messages get on my nerves hehe :)
Anyway, that's what I found. The control looks good but I created a panorama control too and I'm just gagging for them to release some official stuff :)
Hi, when using the pivot control and within a pivot page i have a list box. If I try to get a reference of that list box from code, the list box is never initialised. Its always null. What can i do to solve this?


text:
Thank you for your great question!
It would be nice if you quote the date of that Murli as well. I know it is from today's but for the future. Below the excerpt in reference:
"They fight when they don't belong to the Lord and Master. They do not know their Mother and Father. They even sing: You
are the Mother and Father and we are Your children. Through Your mercy we receive the treasures of
happiness. Because there are no treasures of happiness now, they say: We receive no mercy from the
Mother and Father. They don't know the Father, and so how could the Father have mercy on them? Only
when they follow the Teacher's directions can there be mercy."
Accordingly, a couple of answers for you:
We know that the "Father's mercy is his knowledge." He has mentioned this in avaykt Murlis.
You are pointing out one of the issues with Sakar Murlis: It is talking to the children in "general," but to Brahmin souls in "particular." In that view, Brahma Baba is merely pointing out the "BK children fortune" of "knowing the Father." (For they have this knowledge.)
However, we know that every religion experiences God according to their teachings and experiences. Because we have a higher grasp of the understanding of he Drama (at this time) and can understand that "reality is just a perception of it" based on a role, we can see that other religions also experience "God's mercy." 🙂 (however they want to define it.)
Now, if we want to be totally "devotion" free; there is no such a thing as "God's mercy." It is a Drama. Roles will arise at a certain time for those who according to their capacity (expressed through their karmic accounts,) are able to put it in effect. In this Drama, those who need to understand, will understand and then, in a numberwise manner.


Represents a return (or error) code returned by an XPCOM function.
This value is a strongly-typed enum used to represent a result code from an XPCOM function.
Note: On compilers that do not support strongly-typed enums (that is, compilers that don't support this feature of C++11), it falls back to being an unsigned 32-bit integer, as in past versions of Gecko.
Note: Prior to Gecko 19.0, nsresult was not strongly typed. As a result, it was possible for code to misuse it, such as returning an nsresult value from a function whose signature indicates it returns a boolean.
Because nsresult is strongly typed, code like the following will result in an error at compile time:
bool foo() {
 if (something) {
 return NS_ERROR_FAILURE;
See also
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text:
Historic cemeteries provide rare opportunities to
study and honor our ancestors and our communities.
These memorials to past generations can tell us
about settlement patterns, family relationships,
religion, lifestyles and craftsmanship. Whether
your cemetery is well preserved or endangered, the
Alabama Historical Commission (AHC) helps preserve
these places for future generations.
list of cemeteries in the Historic Cemetery
Register is available alphabetically by county.
The Alabama Historical Commission's
cemetery program provides assistance in identifying,
documenting, registering, conserving, and protecting
Alabama's historic cemeteries. Through the cemetery
program, the Alabama Historical Commission:
- Informs the public about cemetery preservation guidelines
- Teaches individuals and groups how to document cemeteries
- Provides official historic designation for cemeteries through the Alabama Historic Cemetery Register
- Assists those interested in purchasing a historical marker or plaques for cemeteries
- Supplies free technical assistance on how to properly clean and repair cemeteries and grave markers
- Makes information on Alabamas cemeteries laws available
- Answers questions concerning the general history of Alabamas cemeteries.
For a list of Alabama Historical Commission cemetery historical markers & plaques in Alabama,
Please click on the following links for additional information, survey forms or applications.
Alabama Legislature amends Burial Law
Governor Bob Riley signed amendment into law on April 30,
Amended law provides equal protection under the law
for Native American burials.
text of bill
For more information, please contact
Lee Anne Wofford, Cemetery Program Coordinator, by
phone at _PHONE_ or by email at


Personality and traitsEdit
Sigint's personal data as of 1964[4][10] reveals that: his eyesight was 20/16; his blood type is "O"; he had no prior illnesses; his favorite hobby was playing basketball; his favorite food was buffalo wings; his least favorite food was fish and chips; his primary technological interest was computers; his favorite animals were cats; his favorite liquor was beer; his favorite UMA was the [Abominable] Snowman; his favorite UFO was the Adamski type; and the total number of written apologies he provided during that year was 21.
Although his knowledge with technology, weapons, and camouflage patterns were second to none, he did have some difficulty seeing differences between similar objects, like cigarettes and cigars, chocolate chip cookies and scones, or snack and afternoon tea. When corrected, he usually justified his error by claiming they were the "same thing," to the protests of his comrades. This once got him into trouble with Major Zero, which resulted in Zero giving him a long lecture on the history of the concept of afternoon tea (a lecture that Sigint implied happened before).
During his early career in the CIA and ARPA, Sigint shaved his head bald[2] and often wore a baseball cap.
Technologies developed Edit
MGS3 Sigint Yojji Shinkawa
Unconfirmed historyEdit
By the time of Operation Snake Eater, Sigint was also a member of the NSA, which is where he had become familiar with cutting-edge electronic reconnaissance technology.[12]
After a period of strategizing for the United States government during the Cold War, Donald Anderson worked for the CIA for at least ten years and was awarded the Intelligent Star Badge for his duties.[13]
Behind the scenesEdit
Metal Gear SolidEdit
Donald Anderson was originally stated to be in his 50s during the time of Metal Gear Solid, which is set in early 2005.[3] In Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots, he was retconned to be a decade older, when it was revealed that his character was the same person as Sigint, born in late 1939.[1]
In the Metal Gear Solid Official Mission Handbook, Anderson's marital status is given as single. However, this was retconned in Nastasha Romanenko's In the Darkness of Shadow Moses: The Unofficial Truth, where it is stated that he had been married for several years.[5]
Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of LibertyEdit
According to the script for Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty, the Cyborg Ninja (Olga Gurlukovich) was to have spoken to Raiden in Donald Anderson's voice, while discussing how the PAN card operated, mirroring his dialogue from Metal Gear Solid.[14] However, this was not implemented in the final version.
Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake EaterEdit
Calling Sigint on the radio causes some humorous results. He comments on almost everything Snake can equip, along with lectures about much of the equipment Snake encounters; this includes a comedic conversation concerning the cardboard box, and a lecture on the real-life shortcomings of a bipedal armored vehicle after Snake has encountered Aleksandr Leonovitch Granin (which is ironic since Anderson would later fund the Metal Gear REX project). Although Sigint will speak about the Patriot and other bonus items procured by the player, he never comments on the infinity face paint. See Metal Gear Solid 3 radio conversations for a full list of conversations involving Sigint.
Sigint in Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater.
Due to a possible translation error in Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater, when the player wears the Cold War uniform and contacts Sigint, he will say that enemy soldiers will not shoot Naked Snake from behind. However, it is actually the reverse that is true, as soldiers will not shoot Snake from the front, but will do so from behind, as those are the respective locations of the Soviet flag and the American flag.
It is possible that Sigint was the person who developed the rechargeable batteries for the active sonar, motion detector, and anti-personnel sensor, due to having created the first two devices. Additionally, a comment from Para-Medic about the batteries' developer being "pretty strange," during the Virtuous Mission, is similar to a description of Sigint given by Major Zero, in regards to the Raikov Mask, when contacted by Snake about it.
If the player contacts Sigint shortly after Naked Snake wakes up from his nightmare, Sigint will explain that he had an even worse nightmare where his hometown and everyone he knew was "turned into shit" by a "tank-shaped big pile of crap" via its "turd missiles." The dream, fecal references aside, was foreshadowing their eventual creations of Metal Gears (Big Boss forms TX-55 Metal Gear, Metal Gear D and Metal Gear ZEKE and Donald creates Metal Gear REX).
Sigint appears in the Secret Theater movie Metal Gear S..., where he replaces Naked Snake in many of the game's cutscenes, just beating Jack to the punch on storyline-driven events such as fighting Ocelot and meeting up with, and being seduced by EVA.
According to leaked character sheets for Metal Gear Solid 3, Sigint's appearance was based on various characters played by African American actor Will Smith.[12]
Metal Gear Solid: Portable OpsEdit
Metal Gear Solid: Portable Ops (Plus)
Sigint MPO
Equipment Body Armor, GA-KO
Career Arms Specialist, Engineer
Initial life 70
Maximum life 130
Initial stamina 200
Maximum stamina 300
Sense 10
Handgun B
Sub-machine-gun B
Assault rifle B
Shotgun B
Sniper rifle B
Heavy weapons S
Knife (CQC) B
Throwing weapons B
Traps A
Technical skill S
Medical skill B
Password (NTSC) DARPA-1
Password (PAL) D+ARPA
In Metal Gear Solid: Portable Ops, the player is given the option to recruit Sigint. This section details how the recruitment takes place.
After Snake is rescued from the Guest House (and rescues Raikov, if the resistance managed to find and place a Spy Unit in the Western Wilderness and chooses to rescue him), Snake goes over to the Communications Base and contacts Sigint. Sigint deduces that Snake is having trouble with the mission, and Snake confirms this. Snake explains that while he did manage to recruit some of the enemy forces, he does admit that they are chronically short of gear, as they are handling several weapons for the first time. Sigint tells Snake that it isn't surprising as not all of the soldiers are trained in equipment as Snake. However, he does have sympathy for the predicament, as it is tough to fight in that condition, as the soldiers are most likely not inspecting or managing their gear properly. Snake explains that their neither inspecting nor managing their gear properly is exactly the reason as to why Snake contacted Sigint in the first place, and he was wondering if he could give advice. Sigint, however, explains to Snake that the subject matter is far too complex to merely give advice over the radio. He explains that the soldiers would need an experienced instructor to come down to the San Hieronymo Peninsula to teach them. He also reveals that the same instructor has to have knowledge on Soviet equipment, as well as how to use it. More importantly, he has to arrive for San Hieronymo without someone within the CIA or the Pentagon brass noticing. After explaining this, Sigint suddenly realizes he's that kind of person. Snake then realizes that Sigint wants to come down to the peninsula. Sigint explains that he's well versed in every single kind of equipment known to the military forces: guns, gear, old technology, cutting-edge technology, American-made, Soviet-made, everything. Snake is unsure, as the situation may not be well suited for him. Sigint explains that he probably doesn't have much of a choice but to help, anyways, as these are desperate times, although he also admits that he also wants to see the new CIA weapon.
Shortly thereafter, Sigint manages to find a method of transportation to the San Hieronymo Peninsula, and arrives at the town. However, he also ends up taking evasive maneuvers in case an Alert is triggered. Snake manages to get to Sigint without triggering an Alert and, after briefly talking with Roy Campbell, escorts him to the truck.
Recruiting Sigint is the only way to freely access his radio frequency.
Sigint's model in Portable Ops.
In an optional radio conversation with Sigint, he will explain to Snake about a project that he is involved in, called the Metabolic Dominance project, which is supposed to have a soldier resist eating for five whole days, with Snake stating that it's the "worst idea [Snake's] ever heard." He also begins to list an unnamed project that's supposed to have soldiers fight without sleeping before Snake dismisses him. Similarly, in another optional radio conversation, Sigint will give a list of various projects ARPA is undergoing to some soldiers, which are GPS Satellites, Unmanned Weapons, a human cannon for use by special forces to get to the top of a building, and an aircraft that flies around in a similar fashion to a UFO. However, after Sigint mentioned the human cannon, the soldiers stopped taking Sigint seriously, and hung up when he mentioned the UFO aircraft.
"An expert in weapons, equipment, and cutting edge technology, his code name is short for "Signals Intelligence." Unable to find a job due to discrimination, he was invited by Major Zero to join


The Environmental Benefits of Meal Kits
environmental benefits of meal kits
Have you considered using home delivery meal kits but thought that, due to the individually wrapping ingredients, it's worse for the environment?
According to research meal kits may actually be better for the environment than your average supermarket shop.
The food system is estimated to comprise 19–29% of global man-made greenhouse gas emissions. Over the recent years we have seen the emergence of home delivery meal kits such as Riverford and Gousto, who have tapped into a rising trend. As a society our lives are getting busier, these services offer to save consumers time by delivering the needed ingredients for home cooked meals. This eliminates time spent on planning meals and purchasing ingredients.
Despite their ease, how environmentally friendly are these helpful kits?
Comparing Emissions From Meal Kits Vs. a Supermarket Shop
A study in the Resources, Conservation and Recycling journal delved into this topic when they compared the greenhouse gas emissions of supplying a meal as a meal kit (from Blue Apron), to supplying the same meal through a traditional supermarket shop.
How a Traditional Supermarket Shop Produces More Emissions
emissions associated with a supermarket shop
Many people perceive meal kits as worse due to the packaging of pre-portioned ingredients. However, the study found that, when considering the full life cycle, supermarket meals exceeded meal kits' emissions by 33% (6.1 kg CO2e/meal vs 8.1 kg CO2e/meal).
There were a few reasons for this:
 1. The meal kits' direct-to-consumer model presents large emissions savings (1.35 kg CO2e/meal) as supermarkets' brick-and-mortar model results in food waste from non-purchased products.
 2. A supermarket's food waste has higher emissions than meal kit's processing waste, as it is further down the supply chain. Meaning whilst food from meal kits may be wasted when packaging the food in the factories, the food thrown away by supermarkets includes transportation and refrigeration emissions.
 3. Traditional supermarket shopping produces a greater amount of emissions through consumer food waste, exceeding meal kits by an average of 0.86 kg CO2e/meal. The difference can be attributed to the pre-portioned ingredients meaning less is thrown away.
 4. Meal kits use refrigeration packs to store the food, which produce less greenhouse gas emissions than retail refrigeration. However, the emissions produced by refrigeration packs is dependent on the type used, as water-based refrigerant packs produce much less than chemical-based refrigerants. Moreover, supermarket refrigeration has the potential to improve in the future and reduce emissions.
 5. Last-mile emissions (the transport to the consumer's home) are 0.45 kg CO2e/meal greater for supermarket meals than for meal kits. This is due to it being a round trip made by an individual consumer with variance in vehicle type, distance, and number of meals transported per trip. On the other hand, meal kits are delivered by a package or mail service via a truck on an optimised route. This finding supports previous findings that food delivery services produce less greenhouse gas emissions than consumers' individual trips to the supermarket.
Instances Where Meal Kits Produce Higher Emissions
packaging associated with meal kits
Aside from this, meal kits had higher emissions than supermarket meals in two instances:
 1. Meal kits had higher end-of-life emissions associated with the packaging that ended up in landfill. As a result, recycling packaging resulted in a 14% decrease in emissions for meal kits and 4% for supermarket meals.
 2. Packaging emissions for meal kits exceed supermarkets by an average increase of 0.17 kg CO2e/meal.
Total food waste comprises an estimated 2% of the U.S.' national greenhouse gas emissions (Venkat, 2011). Thus, even if meal kits do increase the ratio of packaging-to-product they reduce food waste, which can result in a net environmental benefit. The study's results supported a 2017 study which also found that meal kits yield lower food waste, higher packaging, and lower last-mile transportation emissions, with an average overall reduction in greenhouse gas emissions of 4% (Fenton, 2017).
How Supermarkets Can Decrease Emissions
It is still important to note that there are ways to decrease supermarkets' emissions without the increase in packaging that comes with meal kits. This includes:
 - Retailers recovering supermarkets' food waste to provide socioeconomically disadvantaged groups with food.
 - Improving the use of analytics to predict customer shopping behaviour to avoid overstocking.
 - Engaging with customers to implement regimes such as meal planning to reduce consumer food waste.
Overall, it seems that meal kits can not only benefit your lifestyle but also the environment. Especially for busier people who struggle to put time aside for meal planning, opting into these home delivery services could seriously help you reduce your carbon footprint by reducing your food waste. However, there is still a lot of packaging waste associated with these meal kits so we recommend opting for ones who are more environmentally conscious.
Check out our recommendations on which meal kits to go for here.
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