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I need a way to tag photos in a Delphi desktop application the way Facebook does it.
That includes some way to easily add the tags over the people, and then hovering the mouse over the person in the photo to show the tag.
The two suggestions in the answer given to: "Delphi Components for Face Identification and Tagging" don't solve this.
But I have no idea where to start, and have been unable to find ideas on the web on how to do this. How does Facebook do it? Or maybe there's a component for Delphi that will allow it.
What would be the best way to try to implement Facebook-like tagging?
p.s. This is some of Facebook's API definition for this: _URL_
Here is a Java program that implements the face tagging functionality that I want to do in my Delphi app: fb-photo-uploader
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4 Answers
up vote 4 down vote accepted
The key parameters of the API you cited are the picture ID, the coordinates, and the tag. The tag can be either the user ID of a Facebook user, or it can be free-form text (for the case when the tagged subject is not a Facebook user). Facebook uses just one coordinate because it uses fixed-size regions to denote a tagged area; the idea is that you click on the center of a person's face, and Facebook just stores that point.
If you display a picture in a TImage control (that's the obvious first choice, after all), you can detect mouse clicks with the OnMouseDown and OnMouseUp events. (The OnClick event is simpler, but doesn't tell you the coordinates.) Once you've acquired a point, prompt for a label to accompany that point. You can use predetermined labels, like Facebook's user IDs, or just use ordinary text, or use something of your own devising. The question of what you use to represent a tag value is orthogonal to whatever other questions you've asked so far.
The other half of Facebook's photo tagging is that moving the mouse over the image displays the tag text over the image, and moving the mouse over the labels below highlight the associated regions. Handle OnMouseMove events and write some code to display or hide labels and shapes as appropriate. If you use TLabel and TShape, you might not even have to modify the image, but showing those controls on top of the image might interfere with further OnMouseMove events for the image. It shouldn't take too long to try some experiments and see what works for you.
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lkessler, I just read your reply to Marshall Fryman, so may have a couple options for you:
THotSpotImage - If you already have TMS components...
ImageEn - in case you already have them...
See w2m's answer #3 i think in further i need get all inner pixels of my selections, so how i can save my selections/objects?
Save selection just saves the selection itself. It does not save the image inside of the selection:
procedure SaveSelectionToFile(const FileName:string); SaveSelectionToFile saves the current selection to the specified file. Example ImageEnView1.Select(10,10,100,100); ImageEnView1.SaveSelectionToFile('selection1');.. sel1.Position:=0; ImageEnView1.LoadSelectionFromFile('selection1'); // this is like Select(10,10,100,100)
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Good selection of options. I wish there was a THotSpotImage outside of TMS. I wouldn't want to get it just for that one component. I already use LMD ElPack for my additional components, and that's enough. – lkessler Apr 15 '09 at 0:08
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I'm a bit confused as to your question. Are you trying to interact with Facebook or just copy the functionality?
If you are trying to copy the functionality: You should be able to just display the image, let the user select the rectangle, possibly copy the image to a new copy to notify the other person with, and apply a tag in a DB. Some helpful links: here is a select image example and here is the copy image portion example. I'd actually think you could do the select image in a paintbox but haven't actually played with one of those in forever.
If you are trying to access the API: The.NET interface may work for you. From what I can tell, there is no COM interface so you'd have to write your own connector or use a.NET Delphi app. Note: all of this information is coming from Google so I won't swear up and down that it's really the current state of things. The only other Facebook API request I saw was from 2007.
If you want to do automatic face recognition, OpenCV from the referenced question looks like a decent way to do it (especially if you have access to C++ Builder).
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Thanks for the thoughtful answer and the useful examples which is the sort of thing I'm looking for. No, I don't want to interact with Facebook, but I'm looking for an easy way to imitate its functionality and take a picture, let the user select a region, and store a tag with the pic. – lkessler Apr 1 '09 at 1:47
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In the Graphic32-library, you can have several layers upon each other in a image. One of the layers that is provided out of the box, is a TRubberbandLayer that allows the user to reposition/resize the layer at runtime.
The mousemove event for the TImage32-component, has a parameter that gives the layer currently under the cursor.
type TImgMouseMoveEvent = procedure(Sender: TObject; Shift: TShiftState; X, Y: Integer; Layer: TCustomLayer) of object;
A combination of rubberbandlayers and the mousemove-event should be good solution, I think.
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Your Answer


Roofers, 2011
Shota Aoyagi
This project aims to solve the problems around a traditional spout by providing a 'roof' for liquid to run underneath. Pouring from the spout on a teapot for example, it drips, liquid tends to gather around the edges creating limescale and it is a difficult shape to access for washing. The spout also faces upwards, offering an opening for any dust or particles to enter the vessel, when left on the table. Roofers solve these problems by removing the spout from the vessel and replacing it underneath the lid. The 'roof' has no opening, so protects the contents, while the curve pushes the liquid back into the vessel after pouring, which prevents any drips forming.
There are three types of object; jugs, a thermos and teapot. It works with any kind of liquid, without large solids; hot or cold water, milk, tea, coffee, orange juice (with bits), soy sauce, various oils etc.
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text:
Social proof and search marketing – winning the click
What is social proof?
Social proof is when people in ambiguous social situations have their actions guided by the assumption that other people are better informed about a situation than them.
There are countless examples of social proof in action offline:
- While people hate canned laughter in TV shows research has shown that a programme with canned laughter is perceived by the audience as being funnier than the same programme without it.
- The entire sponsorship industry is based around social proof. By associating itself with Lewis Hamilton, Santander is making an explicit attempt to appear successful, important and dynamic. The implied cognition is 'if Lewis Hamilton is aligning himself with Santander it must be a great company'.
- Bar staff will often'seed' their tips jars so that patrons can see that others have contributed money, making them more likely to follow suit.
- In one famous experiment a man gazed up at the sky while passersby ignored him. When four more'sky-gazers' were added passersby stopped and looked at the sky too. The experiment had to be aborted when the crowd of sky-gazers swelled to traffic-halting proportions.
This surrendering of personal will and the inclination towards herd behaviour and positive association is incredibly powerful. The phenomenon of social proof can be equally as powerful if used to attract more customers through search.
Social proof in search
When a consumer conducts a search in Google the action is by its very nature ambiguous. After all, if the consumer knew what and where they wanted to buy it's likely they'd have taken the direct route to the vendor's site, and skipped search. With the initial search the consumer demonstrates that they need more information about products or vendors. They are at a stage in the buying cycle where they have more questions than answers and are therefore more susceptible to persuasion.
At this point, then, everything your brand and site communicates to that searcher either moves them closer to or further away from choosing to buy from you. 'Choosing' in this context refers to a searcher selecting and clicking on your listing in a search engine results page (SERP) and deciding to buy from you.
Example - Direct Line
Let's use the car insurer Direct Line as an example of how social proof can be used in search marketing to alleviate this ambiguity and compel a searcher to choose a product.
Direct Line's paid search ad copy (figure 1) focuses on a 10% cost saving. But this isn't very compelling as it simply states Direct Line is 10% cheaper than Direct Line used to be, which only compels people to compare prices elsewhere. They might go to Moneysupermarket.com, for example, which doesn't feature Direct Line (the insurer only engages with consumers directly).
Fig 1 Paid search
The copy in the natural search advert (figure 2) is even worse, saying nothing about why you should consider Direct Line for your insurance needs. Neither of the ads make a consumer think Direct Line is worthy of their consideration.
Fig 2 Natural search
Direct Line would do well to explore alternative ad copy using social proof as the influencing concept. This would communicate to potential customers that people in their position are all choosing Direct Line. Remember, people assume other people in the same situation have more knowledge than they do about areas they aren't experts in. So demonstrating that Direct Line is incredibly popular would work extremely well.
Put another way, doesn't the fact Direct Line sells a policy every 10 seconds and is the largest direct insurer in the UK make it a company you'd want to consider? Direct Line should use these examples of social proof in their paid and natural search ad copy.
The comparison between Direct Line's current paid and natural search ad copy - and how it might read if it contained social proof - is striking.
Figure 5 Natural search
The social proof is used to excellent effect, with the emphasis
on Direct Line's pole position in the marketplace. Popularity
promotes popularity and if people are buying something en masse it
convinces others that it's likely to be the right option for them
too. A further point is that price competitiveness is implied here
rather than explicitly stated, in direct contrast to nearly every
other search ad in the space.
You should also acknowledge the greater character length afforded by natural search listings and ad copy when you're selecting which pieces of social proof evidence to use. Google allows 25 characters for a paid search title versus 60 for natural search, and 70 characters for paid search ad copy compared to 150 for natural search.
Social proof - the click through and beyond
So you've demonstrated enough social proof to win the click-through. The next step is demonstrating even more social proof in your page content to persuade the visitor to transact with you. You'll find the methods of displaying social proof within your landing pages - be it to win the click or win the conversion - below. You could wax lyrical about being:
- award winning
- a member of an important club or group
- the fastest-growing organisation in your industry
- endorsed by famous celebrities or by experts
- the most subscribed-to organisation (if you were an online magazine or discount code site for example)
- the longest-standing organisation
- the most positively reviewed by consumers
- the most editorialised
- the manufacturer of a bestselling product
- partners with a better-known company
- featured on an important league table
- heavily embedded in your sector's community (user generated content on your site for example)
- much loved by your clients (client testimonials)
- considered a thought leader (if you have a blog get important people to guest contribute).
Given the character limits, you should use no more than two statements aimed at harnessing social proof in your search ad copy. So, select the two most powerful examples and make them central to your ads' messaging. However, you need to include as many social proof angles as possible within your site - and its core landing pages specifically - to lead the potential consumer reassuringly to the point of conversion.
Internal and external social proof
The compelling things you say on your site and in your ads represent what at Greenlight we call 'internal social proof'. That's because you have complete control over what you say, and how you say and demonstrate it (through awards and testimonials etc).
There is, however, another equally powerful type of social proof. External social proof is instigated by third party publishers i.e. people you do not directly employ but who run other sites, such as review sites, blogs and newspapers.
If you were trying to decide whether a particular restaurant was appropriate for a special dinner you might look at their site and discover it was a celebrity's favourite restaurant (great social proof). To confirm you're making the right decision you might take a look at third party sites such as Timeout.com and Toptable.co.uk, and if you found that ordinary diners hated the food and service you'd be unlikely to book the restaurant. So the restaurant in question had demonstrated enough internal social proof to achieve the click-through, but had failed to demonstrate enough external social proof to convert the sale. Don't make the same mistake!
The moral of the story is you need to be proactive about generating both internal and external social proof. Utilise your social proof artillery in your search campaigns wherever possible but also defend yourself from anything that diminishes its impact. Because if you don't have external social proof covered your excellent internal social proof will have been in vain.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


interpretations -- in fact, I'm on record as being of the firm opinion that demanding a physical interpretation of mathematical methods can be an obstacle to understanding what's going on. All this is to say: I wanted to provide a complementary viewpoint to whoever gives a "physical" answer. $\endgroup$ – Christian Clason Jul 7 '16 at 15:10
 - $\begingroup$ _USER_., if you want to know about the physical meaning I think that you should refactor your question to make it clear. $\endgroup$ – nicoguaro Jul 7 '16 at 15:29
 - $\begingroup$ _USER_., regarding your questions about the nodes, the body is represented as a continuum. Then each point (not just nodes) is a particle/material point. In common elements, each node is a point selected to minimize the functional, and to compute the interpolations. $\endgroup$ – nicoguaro Jul 7 '16 at 15:35
 - $\begingroup$ To expand on _USER_ comments, if what you really want to know is "how an elastic continuum can be approximated with FEM" then the parts of your question about dynamics, eigenvectors, and eigensolvers are irrelevant. $\endgroup$ – Bill Greene Jul 7 '16 at 16:23
Your Answer


text:
The Investigate dashboard enables you to view pivot tables of metrics and attributes for all API traffic and compare relational activity between metrics to investigate and diagnose issues faster. You can access data for the past 30 days in the dashboard.
Select Analyze > API Monitoring > Investigate in the Edge UI to open the Investivate dashboard. The dashboard has two main areas:
- Status Code lets you investigate status code metrics for API proxies and target services.
- Latency lets you investigate latency issues for API proxies and target services.
You can also investigate issues caused by a specific alert in the Investigate dashboard. When an alert occurs, click the name of the alert in the Alert History page to opent the alert in the Invesitgate dashboard.
Use the Investigate dashboard to diagnose an issue
For example, you receive an alert that indicates that the 5xx error rate exceeds the specified threshold. To investigate this issue, you might perform the following tasks on the Investigate dashboard:
- View the fault code versus time matrix to view the fault code activity over the last hour.
- Switch to the fault code versus HTTP status matrix to identify specific HTTP status codes associated with the fault codes whose counts have increased over the last hour, as identified in the previous step.
- Switch to the fault code versus Proxy matrix to identify the API proxies that are triggering the fault codes identified in the previous step.
- Click a box in the matrix that is associated with an API proxy with a high volume of fault codes to view more details and access logs.
- Set up an alert and create a custom report to further assist with diagnosing the issue.
Further troubleshoot the API proxy using trace and other tools to identify a resolution to the issue.
Use the Status Code dashboard
The Status Code dashboard lets you investigate status code metrics for the API proxies and target services in your organization. You can view status code metrics for a one-hour or four-hour window at any time in the past 30 days.
Explore the Status Code dashboard
To display the Status Code dashboard, select Analyze > API Monitoring > Investigate in the Edge UI. The Status Code dashboard displays by default:
As highlighted in the figure, the Investigate dashboard enables you to:
- Configure each matrix by setting its x-axis and y-axis to compare the relational activity between metrics and gain more insights.
- Quickly identify the metrics that are experiencing the highest relative volumes based on the color shading of a block. The darker the block, the higher the relative volume.
- Click a block in the matrix to view metric details.
- Filter the data based on the following:
- Status codes (including all traffic, all errors, 2xx, 4xx, or 5xx)
- Date and time in the past 30 days
- 1-hour or 4-hour window
Use the dashboard to quickly perform the following tasks:
- Access logs in the metric details panel.
- View the current context in the Recent or Timeline or dashboard by clicking > View in Recent or View in Timeline, respectively.
- Create a custom report and add additional dimensions by clicking.
- Create an alert and add additional alert conditions, set up notifications, and generate a custom report based on the alert.
Configure the Status Code matrix
When you select the Status Code dashboard, the following matrices appear by default:
- Fault code versus time
- Fault code versus HTTP status
- Fault source versus API proxy
Configure each matrix to compare any two of the following metrics by selecting a value for the x- and y-axis drop-down lists:
- Fault code
- Fault policy
- Fault source
- HTTP status
- Target (Target service or the ServiceCallout policy. If the target is a ServiceCallout policy, then the displayed
value is prefixed by
sc://. For example,
View Status Code metric details
View details for a particular metric by clicking its block in the matrix.
Details pertaining to the suspected cause are displayed in the right pane, including:
- Fault Source (proxy, target, or Apigee infrastructure)
Details may also include:
- Fault Policy - Information about the policy that triggered the runtime error, including policy type (internal name) and user-defined policy name. You define the name when attaching the policy to the API proxy flow.
- Proxy name
- HTTP Status code
- Fault Code
If the cardinality is greater than one for a specific metric, the details panel may include error distribution details, such as Distribution by Developer App, Distribution by Fault Policy, Distribution by Fault Code, Distribution by HTTP Status, and so on. For example:
If the fault source is target, the details panel will include Error Rate by Target. For example:
Use the Latency dashboard
The Latency dashboard displays latency information for the API proxies and target services in your organization. You can investigate latency metrics for a one-hour winow at any time in the past 30 days.
Explore the Latency dashboard
To display the Latency dashboard, select Analyze > API Monitoring > Investigate in the Edge UI. The Status Code dashboard displays by default. Select Latency in the filter area to display the Latency dashboard.:
When you select the Latency dashboard, the following matrices appear by default:
- Proxy vs Time (max latency in milliseconds)
- Proxy vs Total latency (max latency in milliseconds)
- Proxy vs All targets latency (max latency in milliseconds)
Use the Proxy drop-down box to select Target to view target latencies.
By default, the Latency dashboard shows information for the 10 proxies with the highest total P99 latency for the previous hour. Alternatively, use the Top 10 drop-down box to select a specific proxy or collection.
The Latency dashboard has all of the features of the Status Code dashboard, with the following differences:
- You only configure the total response latency percentile (p50, p90, p95, p99).
- You can only select a one-hour window for latency metrics.
- You cannot select Any for Region in the filters. You must select a specific region to view.
View Latency metric details
View details for a particular metric by clicking its block in the matrix.
Details pertaining to the latency for a proxy (blue line) and target (purple line) are displayed in the right pane, including:
- Total latency (proxy latency plus target latency)
- Latency per target (target response time)
- Distribution by HTTP Status
Hover over the graph to view detailed information:
The Latency per target graph shows the top 16 targets based on the maximum latency, with one graph per target. Mouse over a graph or select the dropdown list to determine the graph that corresponds to each target.
View logs from the metrics details
When viewing metric details for either status codes or latency, click View logs to view all logs for the selected metric:
The Traffic Logs dialog opens and displays a maximum of 1000 log entries. Click a log entry to expand its details in the list:
You can further filter the logs by the:
- Traffic source
- Error type
- Minimum response time
You cannot download the logs data from the Traffic Logs dialog. However, you can create a custom report or download the analytics data to your own data repository, such as Google Cloud Storage or BigQuery, to perform your own data analysis.
Create a custom report from the Investigate dashboard
Create a custom report based on the selected set of conditions. You can edit the custom report after it is created, to add or delete metrics and dimensions, as required. For example, you may wish to narrow your investigation to a particular access token, developer app, or API proxy. For more information, see Analytics metrics, dimensions, and filters reference.
For more information, see Creating custom reports.
To create a custom report:
Click a block in the matrix to display more detail.
In the right pane, click.
The custom report page displays in a new tab with relevant fields pre-populated.
Note: See Creating custom reports for more information about the default custom report settings.
Edit the custom report, as required. See Manage custom reports.
Click Save to save the custom report.
The report is run using the data collected over the last hour by default and the data is displayed in the custom report dashboard. See Exploring the custom reports dashboard.
On the Reports page, custom reports that are generated using API Monitoring are named using the following format:
API Monitoring Investigate Generated.
Investigate a specific alert
To investigate a specific alert, select the name of the alert in the Alert History page. The Investigate dashboard appears. Notice that it contains a graph at the top of the dashboard, and only includes information specifc to the alert:
- View API traffic details at the time the alert was triggered.
- View contextual information about the alert, including time that the alert was triggered in the center of the graph.
- Click Condition details to display the details for the alert condition in a pop-up window.
Click Playbook (if available) to view the playbook for the alert:
Click Manage alert to edit the alert.
Click View report (if available) to view a custom report.
Enable or disable auto-refresh of the page, as required.


text:
English to English
1. fine powdery foodstuff obtained by grinding and sifting the meal of a cereal grain
2. The finely ground meal of wheat, or of any other grain; especially, the finer part of meal separated by bolting; hence, the fine and soft powder of any substance; as, flour of emery; flour of mustard.
3. cover with flour
flour fish or meat before frying it
4. convert grain into flour
5. To grind and bolt; to convert into flour; as, to flour wheat.


Need help with C++ form!!!
I have to do a program that consists of the following requirements. From what I can gather i have to create a program that calculates the area of three edges, produced from a separate text file, of a triangle but produces the results in another text file:
The area of an arbitrary triangle can be computed using the formula:
where a, b, and c are the lengths of the sides, and s is the semiperimeter.
s = (a+b+c)/2
the information supplied in the edges.txt file is:
12 15 7
8 9 14
11 2 15
6 5 4
18 7 10
16 11 17
However, not all three integers a, b, and c will produce a triangle. This is because for any triangle the sum of the lengths of any two edges shall be greater than the length of the remaining edge.
In this assignment, the lengths of edges are grouped and stored in a file named "edges.txt". Each line of the file contains a group of three edges, which may or may not produce a triangle as discussed above. Your program reads each group of three edges from the file and determines whether or not they produce a valid triangle. If the three edges produce a valid triangle, compute its area and store the area the file "area.txt" with the precision of 2. Otherwise, write the letter "*" in the corresponding line. Each line of the file "area.txt" contains an area or a "*" symbol.
In your program, you shall apply the procedure abstract methodology, i.e., breaking large problems into smaller sub-tasks. For example, you can define the following three functions in your program
Last edited on
So, what problems are you having? If you can show us the code you've written, then maybe be we can help.
If you're just asking for someone to do your homework for you, I suspect you're out of luck.
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The Value Of Wild, Risky Play: Fire, Mud, Hammers And Nails : NPR Ed A new short documentary on an adventure playground in Wales explores "the nature of play, risk and hazard."
NPR logo The Value Of Wild, Risky Play: Fire, Mud, Hammers And Nails
The Land adventure playground is situated in a neighborhood that allows the staff to get to know the children well. Playworker Dave Bullough supervises a fire that Corey has built. Courtesy of Erin Davis hide caption
toggle caption
Courtesy of Erin Davis
Courtesy of Erin Davis
Filmmaker and radio producer Erin Davis' new short documentary shares its name with an adventure playground in North Wales called The Land. As Davis puts it, the film explores the "nature of play, risk and hazard" — issues I explored last summer in a story on the decline and fall of wild play.
At The Land, children start fires, swing from trees and play with saws, hammers and nails. Davis' film offers the chance to examine why it's important for kids to wave their wild-play flags high.
Davis spoke with me about the Welsh playground. As she puts it, The Land is "a play space rooted in the belief that kids are empowered when they learn to manage risks on their own." Trained staff keep a watchful yet unobtrusive eye on the fun, and they step in only when they must.
There are dozens of these adventure-style playgrounds across the U.K. and Europe, but really only a few in the U.S. And some of those are not open year-round. We can't blame it all on the lawyers. What's your take on why there are so few?
I think people just don't know this is real, that it exists, that it's possible. I don't think people have a model for these kinds of adventure playgrounds. That's what I'm hoping the film will do — is give people a look through the keyhole to this world that has a wide variety of models for play environments for children.
At the adventure playgrounds I've been to, kids are having a blast: They're rolling down hills, riding the zip line, using hammers and nails. They're gettin' muddy. For kids, anyway, there seems to be a real hunger for more of these.
My feeling is that kids now are the same as they ever were, and have been throughout time. Kids are drawn to the same kinds of things: They climb things, they hide in things, they create dens and places to hide in, create hierarchies and worlds of their own. They're drawn to fire, they're super-imaginative. What's different [today] is the degree to which they have an opportunity to express and pursue these interests. So it's surprising to us — but really it shouldn't be — that kids thrive in these environments when they can do really whatever they want. They have the play drive. It's up to us to kind of provide the kinds of opportunities for them to really follow through on it.
And maybe it's up to their parents, too, to help them follow through?
Maybe. What I really learned from The Land is the value and practice of playwork. A playworker is an adult who works in an adventure playground with particular training on how to support children in their play. I think for parents who take an interest in playwork there are a lot of lessons, takeaways from playworkers. But I don't really think of it as a parenting issue per se, I think it's something bigger than that.
Well bigger than that, sure. What does it say about contemporary American culture and zeitgeist that we are, in effect, sheltering our kids from potential harm a lot more than other industrialized nations?
Something that's hard for us to accept is that safety, security, is a myth to a degree. There's no such thing as complete safety; it's impossible, unfortunately. But we are interested in being as safe as possible. So that is reflected very obviously in children's culture in America these days. Certainly fear culture is a barrier to adventure play in the U.S. But my sense is that people are growing bored of that. [They are] exhausted by worrying about everything all the time, constantly trying to preempt disaster and enjoying the permission to let go that comes from this adventure play movement.
Filmmaker Erin Davis spent three weeks filming at The Land adventure playground in North Wales in 2013. Courtesy of Erin Davis hide caption
toggle caption
Courtesy of Erin Davis
Courtesy of Erin Davis
So you think that [fear culture] is changing in the U.S. today?
I don't know if it's changing. All I know is that when people see The Land and they see children playing the way they remember playing, people have an instinctual reaction, they are like, 'Yes this, this is what it should look like!' Whether that means we are letting go of the reins, I don't know, but intuitively people get it.
We found that in the reaction to our play series a lot of parents and educators said, "Wow! We need more of this. This is like what we had when we were kids." It wasn't just banal nostalgia, in my view. It was a sense that we've taken it too far with the padded playgrounds and helicopter parenting.
Children are an indicator species, in a way. And if kids are stressed out and confined and constrained, they're living in the world we created for them. So really this should really be an opportunity for us to look at ourselves and what we're doing in a larger cultural capacity.
It's still weird to me that we just don't have more of these in the U.S.
The biggest barrier now is staffing fees. The key ingredient to an adventure playground is a staff that is specifically using a playwork approach to support the kids. You never see a parent at a European adventure playground. But you see parents all over the America play sites.
Another serious barrier is the ugly factor. Junk playgrounds are junky and they don't look cute. They aren't tidy. So for that reason it's a tough sell — even to people who easily get on board with the self-directed and risky play ideas. Of course, that's where the fence comes in. The Land is surrounded by an 8-foot privacy fence that protects neighbors from an eyesore while enabling kids their own independent experiences — playful ones like we remember fondly from our own childhoods.
I've been to adventure playgrounds in Germany and California, and your film makes clear there's a lot more fire, mud and water in Euro land. I think it shocks a lot of American parents to think, "Oh my goodness, they're playing with fire." But if they're supervised by a parent, guardian or playworker you're letting kids explore those boundaries.
They're going to do it anyway. I hate to talk like that. But when I played with fire as a child, my parents weren't there. It was me and my friends doing it in the garage, we were unsupervised. The Land, as much as they can, tries to create an environment where the kids feel like they are alone, that they are not surrounded and supervised by adults, but the adults are there.
For the record, as a kid I liked playing with fire, within reason. A good number of model airplanes and ships went up in flames. And I didn't turn out to be a serial arsonist! I can't speak for my brother.
[Laughs] Everybody loves fire! We played with fire too. We melted candles on our side porch for hours and made a mess I'm sure. Fire is amazing, beautiful and warm. It has historically brought people together. It's where you come to make food and sing and tell stories. At The Land they know that: that children are drawn to fire and that it's captivating.
So they enable an environment where a child can interact with fire safely and engage with it and learn about it on their own terms. So a lot of kids at The Land stand back when they first come, they have a long stick and they light the very end and blow it out immediately. The next time they'll get a little closer and warm their hands. It's a really gradual, natural, intuitive process. It's beautiful to watch.
Besides viewing your film or setting fires, what do you think it would take to get more parents and city playgrounds to embrace these more wild, go-crazy, saw, paint, water and mud playgrounds?
I have a great playworker friend who says, "We don't go from zero to chainsaw." I think when people see the adventure playgrounds in Europe they say, "Oh my God! We have to install a fire pit and we have to go to Home Depot and buy a bunch of saws so kids can hammer and build stuff!" But what's really happening at the heart of The Land is child-directed play and loose parts. So kids have time, space and stuff. I think the very first baby steps we can do is provide kids with loose parts that are simple, and follow their lead in what they are interested in. At your front yard, your street party at your public playground — bring out cardboard boxes, tape, fabric, just crap from your garage. If you can create a pop-up adventure playground, that is the first step in nurturing a playful, kid-friendly community.
All right, parents, turn your side yard or lot into a mini adventure playground!
It's easier than you think to do! And I think it's important to really follow the child's lead. The biggest thing that has changed about my own behavior after visiting The Land is I bite my tongue a lot


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Influences of visual culture in the design of web-based art education instruction: using content analysis for interpreting research and student opinions to (re)consider interactive design
This study explores how the way students learn through visual culture can inform the design of Web-based art education instruction. It focuses on four interrelated topics relevant to current art education curriculum and Web-based learning in higher education: technology and learning, constructivist theory, visual culture, and graphic design. A literature review of each topic in addition to undergraduate student interviews about their experiences contributes to discussing ways to improve Web-based instruction. This interdisciplinary case study presents a critique of the current usability guidelines and standards used for developing websites. The research places an emphasis on the visual interface that serves as the main form of communication between the function of the website and the student audience. The information provides a foundation for interactive design recommendations applicable to Web-based instruction. Recommendations made as a result of this research are applicable to improving constructive, inquiry-based teaching and learning environments in art education and related academic disciplines.
School:The Ohio State University
School Location:USA - Ohio
Source Type:Master's Thesis
Keywords:art education internet visual communication design literacy culture graphic constructivism case study
Date of Publication:01/01/2005


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|Jun20-12, 12:27 PM||#1|
Confused about image size in plane, concave, or convex mirrors
So I know these equations
1/f = 1/p + 1/i
m = -i/p
f: focal length
p: object distance from mirror
i: image distance from mirror
Let's say that I have an object in front of a concave or convex mirror with the same |f|. p is much larger than the radius of curvature. Based on the equations above, |m|<1. Also, |m| should be nearly same for both mirrors. Does this mean that the images produced by the two mirrors would appear to be about the same size?
Also, if I replace the concave or convex mirror with a plane mirror (while keeping p the same), |m| would be 1 for the image. Does this mean that the image produced by the plane mirror would appear to be larger than the image produced by the concave/convex mirrors?
(I tried to check this using a spoon, but the spoons I have are not very reflective...)
|Jun20-12, 02:56 PM||#2|
Yes to all.
|Similar Threads for: Confused about image size in plane, concave, or convex mirrors|
|Image size in concave mirror||Introductory Physics Homework||3|
|Convex mirrors - image size||Introductory Physics Homework||3|
|Light reflections in concave/convex mirrors||Introductory Physics Homework||1|
|image forming in plane mirrors||Introductory Physics Homework||3|
|Concave/Convex-lens and mirrors||Introductory Physics Homework||2|

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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What is the motivation for a new-issue swap trade?
Answer to relevant QuestionsGive two examples of a structure trade. Why in managing a defined benefit pension plan is it necessary for the plan sponsor to pursue a liability-driven solution rather pursue a strategy that focuses only on management of the assets? Why is the funding gap of a defined benefit pensionplan referred to as the "unfunded liabilities"? What alternative LDI solution can be used tomanage a defined benefit pension plan instead ofmanaging just interest-rate risk? Suppose that the active return for a portfolio over the past year was 130 basis points after management fees. What questions would you have to before concluding that the manager's performance was exceptional?
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Binaural Cues for Distance and Direction of Nearby Sound Sources
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To a first-order approximation, binaural localization cues are ambiguous: a number of source locations give rise to nearly the same interaural differences. For sources more than a meter from the listener, binaural localization cues are approximately equal for any source on a cone centered on the interaural axis (i.e., the well-known "cones of confusion"). The current paper analyzes simple geometric approximations of a listener's head to gain insight into localization performance for sources near the listener. In particular, if the head is treated as a rigid, perfect sphere, interaural intensity differences (IIDs) can be broken down into two main components. One component is constant along the cone of confusion (and thus co varies with the interaural time difference, or ITD). The other component is roughly constant for a sphere centered on the interaural axis and depends only on the relative pathlengths from the source to the two ears. This second factor is only large enough to be perceptible when sources are within one or two meters of the listener. These results are not dramatically different if one assumes that the ears are separated by 160 degrees along the surface of the sphere (rather than diametrically opposite one another). Thus, for sources within a meter of the listener, binaural information should allow listeners to locate sources within a volume around a circle centered on the interaural axis, on a "doughnut of confusion." The volume of the doughnut of confusion increases dramatically with angle between source and the interaural axis, degenerating to the entire median plane in the limit.
RightsCopyright 1999 Boston University. Permission to copy without fee all or part of this material is granted provided that: 1. The copies are not made or distributed for direct commercial advantage; 2. the report title, author, document number, and release date appear, and notice is given that copying is by permission of BOSTON UNIVERSITY TRUSTEES. To copy otherwise, or to republish, requires a fee and / or special permission.


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Wondering Do Hockey Players Pick Fights For Fun?
Wondering Do Hockey Players Pick Fights For Fun?
Fighting In Hockey
Hockey is the only professional sport where fighting is permissible. It may be against the rules, but the practice is tolerated during a game. But does that encourage players to fight for the sake of fighting?
Hockey players do not pick fights for fun. The sport itself is very intense on emotions. It evokes physical reactions that could lead to severe injuries to an opponent. The hockey fights are nuanced and usually break out when a team member is injured unjustly.
This article defines a hockey fight and the penalties imposed on instigators. A brief explanation of the benefits of fighting is also given, emphasizing marketing opportunities in the sport. And if you're interested in knowing more, read our article covering the aspects of why hockey is a contact sport.
What Is A Hockey Fight?
Hockey fights occur when two or more players engage in fistfights. There are special rules for fighting in the game that has remained flexible and varied throughout hockey history. The only thing consistent throughout the evolution of hockey is the assessment for a penalty when fighting is instigated.
Getting penalized for a fight you are permitted to engage in, is a bizarre idea. But it is phrased as a semi-legal practice in most cases. There are a few rules that govern the conduct in a fight. These rules are very intricate for an element that has no immediate impact on the game's outcomes.
The rules are:
 - A single fight can engage only two players, but multiple fights can take place simultaneously.
 - Players are not allowed to fight with gloves.
 - Mutual consent of both participants is necessary.
 - The referee can intervene at any moment deemed appropriate to break the fight.
What Are the Penalties Involved?
For professional hockey, the National Hockey League is the authority over hockey regulations used during professional hockey games. So what does it do to discourage fights in the sport? A significant penalty is imposed on all players involved in a fight. A minor penalty is assessed to the instigator, and it teeters on the edge of misconduct. But if the altercation is prolonged for ten minutes, then a significant penalty is imposed.
The teams involved in fights off the ice are fined $25,000. Additional penalties are also imposed on individual players concerning their participation in the event. Suspension for ten games is automatically tagged on players who break Rule 56(a) for instigating fights during the wrong times.
The referee on the field determines the penalties according to the incident. They can also confer with the Commissioner to review a situation and its appropriate penalization for events off the ice surface.
How Does Fighting Help the Game?
Despite the odd nature, fights in hockey tend to have some kinds of benefits as well. Whether it is the quirk of human nature or a smart marketing strategy, that is hard to know. Still, one thing is clear: hockey fights increase viewership by the thousands. Also, make sure to read our article on why hockey is such a fun sport to watch.
The televised hockey fights have helped the game gain a huge fan base over the years. The grotesque nature of the fights has played a significant role in attracting casual viewers. An individual may not be clear about all of the hockey rules but, they can easily watch a match to see their favourite player get in fistfights with someone who is not as favoured on the ice!
These fights excite people to come to the stands, which can help the team's finances. If the fighting were eradicated from hockey history, then perhaps, some of the biggest teams would not have been able to make it in the long run.
Changes the Game
Fighting in hockey does not impact the scoreboard, but it is respected for the emotional significance on the ice. Announcers point out when players will drop the gloves to ignite the team spirits. If a critical player realizes that his team is in dire need of motivation, he will drop his gloves and fight to show the team that they have not lost the game yet.
Once the team is motivated by a single player's initiative, they are sometimes observed attributing their victory to the instigator for firing up the team in the right direction.
Equals the Scores
Fights allow players to police each other on the ice. While this has been limited due to the instigator penalty, the idea is still kept alive during these altercations. When a player faces a star player and finds them involved in dirty plays, they can team up against the star player and combat the unfairness.
Although this concept seems infantile, dirty plays can lead to severe injuries, which is why sometimes offensive players may be taught a lesson about their conduct. It is easy to manage a suspension or even hefty fines, but the knowledge that a player can break your bones on the ice is enough to sometimes cause a fight to put a stop to the dirty plays.
Team Building
Hockey is primarily a team game, and players on a team defend each other at all times. Fights on the ice can sometimes allow the establishment of genuine team spirit. If one player is cornered, then the entire team sticks together to fight for them.
The unity of the team boosts confidence and can allow everyone to play with their full potential. This can help with their success over the long term.
It Can Relieve Tensions
Since hockey is an aggressive game, the players on the ice sometimes need an altercation to end an ongoing dispute during the game. This is why players drop their gloves on the field and settle the difference immediately instead of letting the beef stew for long.
A fight during the game is easy to manage and can be far less dangerous than festering anger after the game.
One of the oldest traditions of the sport is fighting. It is seamlessly intertwined with the origins and operation of the celebrated game. The practice of fighting keeps generations engrossed in the sport together as they share the most memorable instances from their generation. In the end, the tradition keeps visibility alive.
Is Fighting a Marketing Strategy in Hockey Games?
Viral videos of hockey fights have been mostly responsible for keeping the non-hockey fans intrigued with the sport. Regardless of the viewer's interest in the sport, most of the games' viewership enjoys the punches thrown in the face of an offensive player. The spontaneous revenge for dirty play keeps the viewers hooked to their screens and the conversations going.
The violence on the ice is often considered as a marketing strategy because of the function it performs. Undoubtedly, fans enjoy delinquent displays, and permitting fights helps with the growing size of the audience.
It is often observed that for-profit leagues, such as the NHL, are played by pro-fighting teams. In contrast, the teams funded by non-profit organizations break away from fights, such as high school leagues. Also, our article looking into contact in women's hockey shows that it is not tolerated for players in women's leagues.
Fighting sells tickets, and that is mostly what matters to the profit-making leagues. This shows that some of the fights on the ice may be for the viewers only, to make them feel like they got what they came to see, which means that not every fight is an organic reaction on the field.
Final Thoughts
Hockey fights are an emotional experience for the viewers. Fighting helps keep viewership high and growing. It is necessary for the leagues' marketing and sometimes proves to have positive impacts on the players.
It is not only about an immediate reaction to dirty play on the ice, but about the history it carries in the game as well. Fights have such an impact on the sport that it would remain incomplete without them.


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Explain "Event-Driven" Web Servers to Your Grandma
You've heard the term event-driven, event-based, or evented when it comes to web servers. Node.js is based on evented I/O. nginx is an asynchronous event-driven web server.
But what does the term mean? Here's an easy way to think about it.
Let's think of a web server as a pizza shop that needs to take orders over the phone (requests for web pages).
Traditional Web Server
The pizza shop hires operators (processes/threads) to take orders over the phone. Each operator has one phone line. After the operator is done taking the order, the operator keeps the customer on the line until the pizza (response web page) is done baking and then tells them it's ready to pick up.
So the pizza shop needs to hire as many operators as the number of pizzas that may be baked at once in order to serve all customers who call in.
Event-Driven Web Server
The pizza shop only hires one operator, but has trained the operator to hang up after taking the order, and call the customer back when the pizza is ready to be picked up.
Now one operator can serve many customers.


This is discussed in detail in later sections.
Security Parameter Index (SPI)
The SPI is a very important element in the SA. An SPI is a 32-bit entity that is used to uniquely identify an SA at the receiver. It was mentioned before that the security context or SA is a contract between two hosts communicating securely and indicates the parameters, such as keys and algorithms. However, there has to be some mechanism for the source to identify which SA to use to secure the packet and for the destination to identify which SA to use to check the security of the received packet. The source identifies the SA by using the selectors. However, the destination does not have access to all the fields in the selectors as some of the fields in the selectors belong to the transport layer.
To solve the problem of identifying the SA on the destination, the SPI that uniquely identifies the SA on the destination is sent with every packet. The destination uses this value to index into the receiving SADB and fetch the SA. The obvious questions are who guarantees the uniqueness of the mapping between the SPI and SA and what is the domain of uniqueness on the destination for each protocol‹global, per source, or per address on the host. It is up to receiver/destination to guarantee this uniqueness. It is a requirement to maintain a separate SPI domain for each protocol. The destination can use any consistent mechanism to guarantee uniqueness inside each domain. The IPSec architecture specifies that the in the packet should uniquely identify an SA.
The receiver allocates the SPI that is stored as part of the SA on the sender. The sender includes this in every packet under the assumption that the receiver can use this to uniquely identify the SA. If the receiver does not guarantee uniqueness, packets will fail security checks as invalid keys and transforms may be used.
The sending host uses the selectors to uniquely index into the sending SADB. The output of this lookup is an SA that has all the security parameters negotiated, including the SPI. The host that allocates the SPI guarantees uniqueness. The SPI is reused once the SA expires but one is guaranteed at any point the mapping between , and SA is one to one. The src address is used in cases where the host is multihomed, that is, a host with more than one IP interface. This can be because there is more than one network card on the card or because of the fact that multiple IP interfaces are configured on the same network card (the host has multiple IP addresses). In this case, it is possible that the index is not unique and src is used to resolve the ambiguity.
The SPI is passed as part of AH and ESP headers. The receiving host uses the tuple (where dst is the destination address in the IP header) to uniquely identify the SA. It is possible to use the source address in addition to to uniquely identify an SA to conserve the SPI space. However, this is not part of the standards and is something specific to an implementation.
SA Management
The two most important tasks of the SA management are creation and deletion. The management of SAs can be either manual or through an Internet standard key management protocol such as IKE. The SA management requires an interface for the user applications (which includes IKE) to communicate with kernel to manage the SADB. The management aspect is discussed in greater detail in the chapter on policy.
The SA creation is a two-step process‹negotiating the parameters of the SA and updating the SADB with the SA.
Manual keying is mandatory to support and it was used extensively during the initial development and testing of IPSec. In manual keying, two sides agree on the parameters of the SA offline, either by phone or over e-mail (although unsecured e-mail is dangerous!). The process of allocating the SPI, negotiation of parameters is all manual. Needless to say, this process is error prone, cumbersome, and insecure. The other limiting factor is that these SAs never expire. Once they are created they stay good until they are deleted. Manual keying is a useful feature for debugging the base IPSec protocols when the key management protocols are failing. However, with a stable key management protocol, the use of manual keying is questionable.
In an environment where IPSec is deployed, the SAs are created through an Internet standard key management protocol such as IKE. IKE is invoked by the IPSec kernel when the policy mandates that the connection should be secure and it cannot find the SA. IKE negotiates the SA with the destination or intermediate host/router, depending on the policy, and creates the SA. Once the SA is created and added to the SADB, secure packets start flowing between the two hosts.
In the previous sections, we discussed nested or chained implementations of IPSec. For example, a host creates a transport AH to end to end, but also creates a tunneled ESP to the gateway/firewall. In this case, for the packet to be processed properly, the source has to create two SAs, one for the gateway and another for the end host. When the policy requires establishment of multiple SAs for two hosts to communicate securely, the collection of SAs is called SA bundle.
The SA is deleted for various reasons:
 - The lifetime has expired.
 - The keys are compromised.
 - The number of bytes encrypted/decrypted or authenticated using this SA has exceeded a certain threshold set by the policy.
 - The other end requests that the SA be deleted.
The SAs can be deleted manually or through the IKE. It is important to renew or refresh keys in security to reduce the chance of someone breaking the system. IPSec does not provide the ability to refresh keys. Instead, we have to delete existing SA and negotiate/create a new SA. Once the SA is deleted, the SPI it was using can be reused.
To avoid the problem of stalling the communication, a new SA is negotiated before the existing SA expires. For a small duration of time, until the soon-to-expire SA is deleted, the two entities have multiple SAs that can be used for secure communication. However, it is always desirable to use the newly established SA instead of the older SA.
The SA maintains the context of a secure communication between two entities. The SA stores both protocol-specific and generic fields. This section discusses the fields that are used by both AH and ESP. The protocol-specific fields are discussed in AH and ESP chapters. These fields are used in processing each IP packet. Some of the fields are used for outbound processing, some for inbound processing, and some for both, depending on the usage of the field. Certain fields are updated when the SA is used to process a packet. Semantics associated with the parameters in an SA are discussed below.
Sequence Number
The sequence number is a 32-bit field and is used in outbound processing. The sequence number is part of both AH and ESP header. The sequence number is incremented by 1 every time the SA is used to secure a packet. This field is used to detect replay attacks by the destination. When the SA is established this field is set to 0. Normally, SAs are renegotiated before this field overflows as it is unsafe to send more than 4 Giga (4,000,000,000) packets using the same keys.
Sequence Number Overflow
This field is used in outbound processing and is set when the sequence number overflows. The policy determines if the SA can still be used to process additional packets.
Antireplay Window
This field is used in inbound processing. One of the concerns in networks today is replay attack. In replay attacks, applications get bombarded with replay packets. IPSec overcomes this by detecting packets replayed by rogue hosts. This is discussed in greater detail where the inbound processing of packets is described in the implementation chapter.
There is a lifetime associated with each SA beyond which the SA cannot be used. The lifetime is specified either in terms of number of bytes that has been secured using this SA or the duration for which the SA has been used or both. When the lifetime of the SA expires, it cannot be used anymore. In order to avoid the problem of breaking the communication when the SA expires, there are two kinds of lifetimes‹soft and hard. The soft lifetime is used to warn the kernel that the SA is about to expire. This allows the kernel to negotiate a new SA before the hard lifetime expires.
IPSec protocols can be used either in tunnel or transport mode. The payload is processed differently depending on the value of this field. This field is set to tunnel mode, transport mode, or a wild card. In the cases where this field is set to wild card, the information as to whether it is IPSec in tunnel or transport mode is gleaned from someplace else, that is, sockets. When this field is set to a wild card, it implies that the SA can be used either for tunnel or transport mode.
Tunnel Destination
For IPSec in tunnel mode, this indicates the tunnel destination‹the destination IP address of the outer header.
PMTU parameters
When IPSec is used in tunnel mode, it has to maintain the PMTU information so that it can fragment the packets accordingly. As a part of PMTU field, the SA maintains two values‹the PMTU and the aging field. This is discussed in greater detail in the implementation chapter.
Security Policy
The security policy determines the security services afforded to a packet. As mentioned earlier, all IPSec implementations store the policy in a database called the SPD. The database is indexed by selectors and contains the information on the security services offered to an IP packet.
The security policy is consulted for both inbound and outbound processing of the IP packets. On inbound or outbound packet processing, the


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Motion for Entrepreneurs
Meet Alex, a passionate entrepreneur embarking on a journey to build a successful business. With Motion's workspaces feature, Alex can streamline his tasks, projects, and collaborations to achieve optimal productivity. Let's follow Alex as he sets up his workspaces in Motion.
- 1.Alex opens Motion and heads to the Settings section.
- 2.He clicks on "Workspaces" and selects "Add Workspace" to create his first workspace.
- 3.Naming it "Startup Ventures," Alex envisions this workspace as the hub for his business-related tasks and projects.
- 4.He invites his co-founder and key team members to join the workspace, ensuring seamless collaboration.
- 1.Within the "Startup Ventures" workspace, Alex creates dedicated project folders for each of his ventures, such as "Product Development," "Marketing Strategy," and "Financial Planning."
- 2.He assigns relevant tasks to team members, sets due dates, and adds detailed descriptions to ensure clarity and accountability.
- 3.Alex leverages the workspace's file-sharing capabilities, uploading important documents, design assets, and market research data, allowing easy access for all stakeholders.
- 1.As Alex's business grows, he establishes a separate workspace called "Client Engagements."
- 2.Within this workspace, he creates project folders for each client, enabling efficient management and communication.
- 3.Alex assigns tasks to his team members, tracks project milestones, and maintains open lines of communication through comments and updates within the workspace.
With Motion's intuitive workspaces, Alex transforms his entrepreneurial aspirations into organized realities. By creating dedicated workspaces for his business and client projects, he harnesses the power of collaboration, efficiency, and clarity. Join Alex on his entrepreneurial journey and experience the transformative impact of Motion workspaces in propelling your business forward.


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Mace4 is a finite domain constraint solver. The constraints are given as statements in first-order logic with equality.
Mace4 is used primarily for two purposes:
Here is a Mace4 job that solves a particular Sudoku puzzle.
mace4 -m -1 -f example.in > example.outSee the input and output files (the solution is in "function(f(_,_)...").
Our Web interface simply constructs an input file similar to example.in and runs Mace4 on it.
Colors in the answers.
Ok, let's do Sudoku!
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Finding successful noise reduction solutions also requires engineers to consider all the sound sources on an aircraft from takeoff to landing and then tweak several of them at once.
(Explore 3-D models of past and present aircraft with this online feature.)
Huff likens the task to tuning down each instrument in an orchestra to get an overall noise reduction, not asking just the violinist to play more quietly.
In the case of the chevron nozzle, the researchers considered the jet engine itself and what happens to the air when it exits the engine.
"The trick is to do something to the engine to change the flow field downstream of the engine in a way that reduces jet noise," he said.
According to Huff, the chevron nozzle is a winning technology, because it significantly reduces noise while reducing jet performance by less than 0.25 percent.
Once the chevron nozzle concept was proven in the lab, NASA researchers shared their results with the airline industry.
From there, Huff says, several manufacturers funded the development of nozzles for their engines.
"We ended up with a couple of those; those are the real winners," he said. "For each of those, we have a dozen that did impact performance or cost, and they came off the drawing board."
Scott, the Boeing spokesperson, says that in addition to trying the chevrons, the manufacturing firm is currently working with engine companies to further reduce fan and jet noise.
The company is also exploring ways to reduce noise created as air flows over the airframe, especially around the flaps and landing gear.
Ultimately, Scott said, Boeing aims to keep all "objectionable noise" within "noise compatible" areas around airports.
"Achieving such large noise reduction will require revolutionary changes, new technologies, and a significant expenditure of capital," he said.
Huff said future aircraft will likely look more and more like birds to achieve desired noise levels.
"I see a morphing of the structure, a smart structure approach to different components," he said.
Such systems would be less rigid than today's aircraft.
Already, Huff says, Boeing is working on a "smart" chevron nozzle design that can essentially turn on and off.
That way aircraft noise can be reduced near the ground, but once airborne the nozzle changes position so the airplane can regain any loss in performance.
"That's more the way birds are constructed, and that's a good thing," Huff said.
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Britain faces similar sport safety and security issues to the United States such as terrorism (Steinbach, 2006) and crowd management problems (Pearson, 2006). An analysis of the English football (soccer) security system will highlight strategies, legislation, and risk management practices effectively utilized to curb illegal behavior at events. Lessons learned from the British system may help U.S. sport leagues deter terrorism and unruly fan behavior. Sports organizations should plan to deter potential incidents because of legal obligations, business continuity, and loss of reputation (National Counter Terrorism Security Office, 2006).
Hooligan activities have posed a major challenge for the British government in the past 25 to 30 years. Hooliganism involves disorderly fans and criminal activity that occurs before and after games, in or around stadiums, resulting in casualties or fatalities (Pearson, 2006). There are two different types of hooliganism: spontaneous and organized. Spontaneous hooliganism is a low level disorder in or around stadiums and is not as violent as organized hooliganism. Organized hooliganism is the more serious form of where violence is the norm and people get injured or killed (Pearson, 2006). These acts are sometimes pre-arranged by gangs who meet to fight other gangs before a football match. Hooliganism has been known as the "English Disease" because of its origination in Britain, but it is prevalent elsewhere in Europe (Pearson, 2006).
The 1980's was known as the "Decade of Disaster" in England when two separate stadium crushing incidents resulted in over 200 injuries and 100 deaths ("Heysel Disaster", 2000; "football fans crushed at Hillsborough", 1989). The Heysel disaster occurred on May 29, 1985, in Brussels Belgium during a European Cup final between Liverpool and Juventus that drew over 60,000 fans. A stampede ensued before the game and police forces failed to stop the rush of fans and maintain order resulting in 39 people dead and many more injured. This tragic event led to the five year ban of any English club to exist in European football competitions. Inadequate seating arrangement at the Heysel stadium was the main cause for this disaster ("Heysel Disaster", 2000).
The Hillsborough disaster occurred on April 15, 1989 and is known as the worst sporting disaster in British history ("Football fans crushed at Hillsborough", 1989). During a match between Nottingham Forest and Liverpool over 2,000 people tried to cram into a section that already had 1,500 spectators. As thousands of people rushed into the stadium, the spectators in front were pinned against the fence that guarded the fans from the field and players. More than 200 people were injured and 93 died (1989). Hooliganism declined in the 1990's due to the passing of the Taylor Report (1990), which forced all stadiums in England and Scotland to implement all-seated stadiums. Former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher also threatened to ban the sport of football because of hooligan acts (Pearson, …


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Bacterial speck disease, which reduces both fruit yield and quality, has been a growing problem in tomatoes over the last five years. Because the culpable bacterium, Pseudomonas syringae, prefers a cool and wet climate, crops in places such as New York State have been particularly susceptible. Researchers have uncovered the first known gene to impart resistance to a particular strain of the bacterium that causes speck disease.
Newly identified gene grants tomatoes resistance to bacterial speck disease
- 3. 9 2020 (00:24)


In the previous lessons in this course, we explored trends in unemployment data using line charts and creating multiple plots with Python. The unemployment data we worked with had 2 columns: 'DATE' which had a monthly time stamp, and 'VALUE', which represented the unemployment rate (in percent)
Line charts were an appropriate choice for visualizing this dataset because the rows had a natural ordering to it. Each row reflected information about an event that occurred after the previous row. Changing the order of the rows would make the line chart inaccurate. The lines from one marker to the next helped emphasize the logical connection between the data points.
In this lesson, we'll learn about bar plots and scatter plots while working with movie review data that FiveThirtyEight compiled to investigate whether there was any bias to Fandango's ratings. In addition to aggregating ratings for films, Fandango is unique in that it also sells movie tickets, and so it has a direct commercial interest in showing higher ratings. After discovering that a few films that weren't good were still rated highly on Fandango, the team investigated and published their findings. Throughout this lesson, we'll work on something similar and put our own spin on their investigation.
As with every lesson at Dataquest, you'll be given an opportunity to practice each concept using our code editor with built-in answer checking to ensure that you've mastered a concept before moving on to this next.
 - Learn how to use appropriate graphs for your data.
 - Learn how to create bar and scatter plots using Python.
 - Learn how to find hidden bias in the data.
Lesson Outline
1. Recap
2. Introduction to the data
3. Bar Plot
4. Creating Bars
5. Aligning Axis Ticks And Labels
6. Horizontal Bar Plot
7. Scatter plot
8. Switching axes
9. Benchmarking correlation
10. Next steps
11. Takeaways


text:
The Park at Athens Square
The Park at Athens Square is named for the capital of modern Greece and the center of ancient Greek civilization. From 594 to 404 BC, literature, science, philosophy, and the arts flourished in Athens. The birthplace of democracy had its golden age during the rule of statesman Pericles (c. 495-429 BC), who made sweeping political reforms and actively supported the arts. Pericles is credited with the Athenian oath of fealty, which has been invoked by New York City mayors Fiorello H. LaGuardia and Rudolph W. Giuliani (in 1934 and 1998 respectively). Oath-takers pledge to "transmit this city not only less, but far greater and more beautiful than it was transmitted to us." In this spirit Astoria's citizens transformed a playground into The Park at Athens Square.
In 1963, this.9-acre site was acquired for a playground to be operated jointly by Parks and the Board of Education. A new school and playground were built, and P.S. 17 welcomed its first pupils in 1967. When the park opened four years later, it featured a basketball-volleyball court, handball court, sandbox, climbing equipment, game and picnic tables, and a comfort station. P.S. 17 is named the Henry David Thoreau School, for the American naturalist and philosopher (1812-62).
A $1 million capital reconstruction of the park was funded by the city in 1990. The idea to reuse the play space as a neighborhood gathering place originated with members of Astoria's sizable Greek-American population, many of whom had immigrated to New York after the Greek civil war of 1945-49 and the relaxation of restrictive American immigration laws in 1962. Athens Square, Inc., a community-based group, formed to promote the park renovation, and Stamatios P. Lykos was engaged as the architect. The Park at Athens Square would encompass three zones: a central court with amphitheater and sculpture, a recreational space, and a seating area along the perimeter. The group said its intention was to create "a little bit of Athens in Astoria."
Restoration and landscaping activity in 1993 focused on new trees and plantings, benches and tables, a playground, and a basketball court. A bronze statue of the philosopher Socrates (469-399 BC) mounted on a granite base, was unveiled in the park. Designed by artist Anthony Frudakis, the statue depicts Socrates in a seated position, gesturing as if engaged in dialogue. In 1996, three fluted Doric columns supporting a curved entablature, all of granite, were installed adjacent to the amphitheater. This composition echoes that of the Tholos of Athena Pronaia in Delphi (c. 390-380 BC). The Park at Athens Square has raised approximately $360,000 for Socrates and the columns. The installation of fencing, gates, and safety surfacing, as well as concrete curb and block repairs, were conducted through a requirements contract funded by the City Council in 1997.
Demetris Avramopoulos, Mayor of Athens, presented a replica of the Piraeus Athena (c. 350 BC) for installation in the park as a gift to the City of New York on March 28, 1998. Sculptors Stavros Georgopoulos and Spiro Goggakis fashioned this bronze copy based on the ancient statue of Athena, the goddess of wisdom, patroness of the arts, and protectress of Athens. A statue of Minerva, the Roman counterpart to Athena, is the centerpiece of the James Gordon Bennett Memorial (1895/1940) in Herald Square, Manhattan.
This area of Queens was formerly known by the Algonquian name of Sunswick, derived from the word Sunkisq, meaning "woman chief." In 1839 developer Stephen A. Halsey incorporated the village of Astoria, named in honor of fur trader and landowner John Jacob Astor (_PHONE_). Within a few decades, the area was home to a number of wealthy merchants, a substantial German-American community, and the Steinway piano company. Over the course of the 20th century, construction of homes and apartments, the growth of new industries, and the arrival of numerous immigrants transformed Astoria into the thriving and diverse neighborhood it is today.


Sun Studio 12: C++ User's Guide
2.4.1 Compile-Link Sequence
In the previous example, the compiler automatically generates the loader object files (file1.o, file2.o and file3.o) and then invokes the system linker to create the executable program for the file prgrm.
After compilation, the object files (file1.o, file2.o,and file3.o) remain. This convention permits you to easily relink and recompile your files.
Note –
If only one source file is compiled and a program is linked in the same operation, the corresponding.o file is deleted automatically. To preserve all.o files, do not compile and link in the same operation unless more than one source file gets compiled.


text:
by Yandisa Sikweyiya, Rachel Jewkes
To explore how survey respondents perceived their experiences and the impact of participating in a survey, and to assess adverse consequences resulting from participation. Design
Qualitative study involving purposefully selected participants who had participated in a household-based survey. Methods
This qualitative study was nested within a survey that investigated the prevalence of gender-based violence perpetration and victimization with adult men and women in South Africa. 13 maleand 10 female-in-depth interviews were conducted with survey respondents. Results
A majority of informants, without gender-differences, perceived the survey interview as a rare opportunity to share their adverse and or personal experiences in a'safe' space. Gender-differences were noted in reporting perceptions of risks involved with survey participation. Some women remained fearful after completing the survey, that should breach of confidentiality or full survey content disclosure occur, they may be victimized by partners as a punishment for survey participation without men's approval. A number of informants generally discussed their survey participation with others. However, among women with interpersonal violence history or currently in abusive relationships, full survey content disclosure was done with fear; the partner responses were negative, and few women reported receiving threatening remarks but none reported being assaulted. In contrast no man reported adverse reaction by others. Informants with major life adversities reported that the survey had made them to relive the experiences causing them sadness and pain at the time. No informant perceived the survey as emotionally harmful or needed professional support because of survey questions. Rather the vast majority perceived benefit from survey participation. Conclusion
Whilst no informant felt answering the survey questions had caused them emotional or physical harm, some were distressed and anxious, albeit temporarily. Research protocols need to put in place safeguards where appropriate so that this group receives support and protection.


Many people assume that they can simply 1) buy a house, 2) apply a fresh coat of paint, 3) trim some bushes, and then 4) resell the home at a profit. Unfortunately, this process, called "flipping" is not that easy. After all, if it were, everyone would be doing it.
There are several skills and people that every potential investor/flipper should have in place before even considering entering into a real estate transaction of this nature. In this article we'll look at the top five "must-haves" you'll need to succeed in this endeavor.
1. A Group of Experts
While a house flipper can certainly go it alone, it will certainly help to retain individuals that are familiar with the legal, accounting and construction ramifications of flipping houses.
Flippers typically work against the clock, so they must renovate a home on budget and then turn it around and sell it before the financing costs eat up their profits. In any case, a bevy of experts including a real estate agent, an attorney, a contractor or renovator, an accountant, a home inspector and an insurance agent can ensure that the work is completed in a timely and efficient manner.
Watch: Flipping Properties
2. A Handyman or Knack for Home Improvement
The house flippers that make the most money buying and selling homes tend to be handy people. That is, they have the ability to step in and lend a helping hand when time or money constraints kick in. Most flippers can do things like change a sink, install a countertop, do basic electrical or plumbing work, and/or shingle a roof.
Why is being handy so important?
The obvious answer is that if you can do the work yourself, you won't have to pay someone to come in and do it. However, there are other advantages to being handy as well. For example, there are times when it will be impossible to get an electrician to install an attic fan on short notice. There are also times when a job must be completed without warning at the last second in order to obtain a certificate of occupancy. In these instances, having the ability to navigate your way around a tool box is very valuable.
3. A Good Lay of the Land
The buyer should know about the area in which they are buying property. A buyer should know, for example, what characteristics (acreage, number of rooms, type of home, etc) are the most desirable in the area in which they are looking to buy. Equally important is knowing what houses in the general vicinity have sold for and if there is likely to be any future development in the community (such as a new school, condominium or shopping center) as this could affect supply and demand.
4. A Good Estimator
By definition, house flippers attempt to buy a property and then resell it at a profit in relatively short order. In order to do this, however, the flipper must typically make some structural and/or cosmetic changes to make the property more appealing to the next buyer.
If the flipper underestimates the costs associated with the refurbishment he or she may be exposed to large monetary losses. Therefore, a flipper should be familiar with construction materials (their use and their cost), as well as local construction codes, the cost of local labor and the time it should take to do a given job.
This is no small feat. In fact, it takes even the most seasoned construction professional many years before he or she is aware of all the nuances that exist. In any case, before becoming involved in "flipping", be certain of your abilities to estimate a job in terms of both cost and time. (To decide what needs to be done, see Fix It And Flip It: The Value of Remodeling.)
5. A Dose of Patience
One of the biggest obstacles to making money in the real estate market is that buyers tend to overpay for a given property.
Why do buyers overpay?
Typically, buyers become emotionally attached to a property or develop some other bond with it, which in turn forces them to enter into a contract on less than favorable terms.
However, savvy flippers have the ability to avoid emotional purchases, and the desire to find diamonds in the rough and properties on the cheap. They also understand that if they aren't buying a property at a favorable price and with favorable terms, it makes sense to simply move on to greener pastures.
The bad news is that patience is a difficult virtue to teach and hone. In general, either you have it or you'll lose a lot of money trying to learn it. (To read more about choosing the right house, see Smart Real Estate Transactions and Investing In Real Estate.)
Bottom Line
While quitting your job and becoming a full-time house flipper may sound like an attractive proposition, be sure that you have these five "musts" before investing in a real estate project.
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Kanal (komunikasi)
Ti Wikipédia, énsiklopédia bébas
Luncat ka: pituduh, sungsi
Kanal atawa saluran (Basa Inggris: channel, Basa Walanda: kanaal), dina telekomunikasi (nu kalan-kalan disebut kanal komunikasi), nujul kana medium nu digunakeun pikeun ngirimkeun informasi ti hiji pangirim (atawa pamancar) ka panarima.
Sabéngbatan[édit | édit sumber]
Aya rupa-rupa bentuk kanal. Conto kanal komunikasi diantarana:
Panneau travaux.png Artikel ieu keur dikeureuyeuh, ditarjamahkeun tina basa Inggris.
Bantosanna diantos kanggo narjamahkeun.
 1. A connection between initiating and terminating nodes of a circuit.
 2. A buffer from which messages can be put and gotten. See Actor model and process calculi for discussion on the use of channels.
 3. A single path provided by a transmission medium via either
 6. In a communications system, the part that connects a data source to a data sink.
 - Marine VHF radio uses some 88 channels in the VHF band for two-way FM voice communication. Channel 16, for example, is 156.800MHz. Seven additional channels, WX1 - WX7, are allocated for weather broadcasts.
Channel models[édit | édit sumber]
Types of communications channels[édit | édit sumber]
Rujukan[édit | édit sumber]


cf. Old Saxon lettian "to hinder," Old Norse letja "to hold back," Old High German lezzen "to stop, check," Gothic latjan "to hinder, make late," Old English læt "sluggish, slow, late"); see late.
Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper
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Copyright © 2005 by Houghton Mifflin Company.
Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
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text:
Performance Analysis of Swarm Intelligence-Based Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Network and Wireless Mesh Networks
Moghanjoughi, Ayyoub Akbari (2009) Performance Analysis of Swarm Intelligence-Based Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Network and Wireless Mesh Networks. Masters thesis, Universiti Putra Malaysia.
Ant colonies reside in social insect societies and maintain distributed systems that present a highly structured social organization despite of the simplicity of their individuals. Ants' algorithm belongs to the Swarm Intelligence (SI), which is proposed to find the shortest path. Among various works inspired by ant colonies, the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) metaheuristic algorithms are the most successful and popular, e.g., AntNet, Multiple Ant Colony Optimization (MACO) and AntHocNet. But there are several shortcomings including the freezing problem of the optimum path, traffic engineering, and to link failure due to nodes mobility in wireless mobile networks. The metaheuristic and distributed route discovery for data load management in Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) and Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) are fundamental targets of this study. Also the main aim of this research is to solve the freezing problem during optimum as well as sub-optimum path discovery process. In this research, Intelligent AntNet based Routing Algorithm (IANRA) is presented for routing in WMNs and MANET to find optimum and near-optimum paths for data packet routing. In IANRA, a source node reactively sets up a path to a destination node at the beginning of each communication. This procedure uses ant-like agents to discover optimum and alternative paths. The fundamental point in IANRA is to find optimum and sub-optimum routes by the capability of breeding of ants. This ability is continuation of route that was produced by the parent ants. The new generations of ants inherit identifier of their family, the generation number, and the routing information that their parents get during their routing procedure. By this procedure, IANRA is able to prevent some of the existing difficulties in AntNet, MACO and Ad hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing algorithms. OMNeT++ was used to simulate the IARNA algorithm for WMNs and MANET. The results show that the IANRA routing algorithm improved the data packet delivery ratio for both WMNs and MANET. Besides, it is able to decrease average end-to-end packet delay compared to other algorithms by showing its efficiency. IANRA has decreased average end-to-end packet delay by 31.16%, 58.20% and 48.40% in MANET scenario 52.86%, 64.52% and 62.86% by increasing packet generation rate in WMNs compared to AntHocNet, AODV and B-AntNet routing algorithms respectively with increased network load. On the other hand, IANRA shows the packet delivery ratio of 91.96% and 82.77% in MANET, 97.31% and 92.25% in WMNs for low (1 packet/s) and high (20 packet/s) data load respectively.
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Mac Developer Library Developer
This manual page is for Mac OS X version 10.9
 - In Terminal, using the man(1) command
Reading manual pages
mdfind(1) BSD General Commands Manual mdfind(1)
 mdfind -- finds files matching a given query
 mdfind [-live] [-count] [-onlyin directory] [-name fileName] query
 The mdfind command consults the central metadata store and returns a list of files that match the given
 metadata query. The query can be a string or a query expression.
 The following options are available:
 -0 Prints an ASCII NUL character after each result path. This is useful when used in conjunc-tion conjunction
 tion with xargs -0.
 -live Causes the mdfind command to provide live-updates to the number of files matching the
 query. When an update causes the query results to change the number of matches is updated.
 The find can be cancelled by typing ctrl-C.
 -count Causes the mdfind command to output the total number of matches, instead of the path to the
 matching items.
 -onlyin dir
 Limit the scope of the search to the directory specified.
 -name fileName
 Searches for matching file names only.
 -literal Force the provided query string to be taken as a literal query string, without interpreta-tion. interpretation.
 -interpret Force the provided query string to be interpreted as if the user had typed the string into
 the Spotlight menu. For example, the string "search" would produce the following query
 The following examples are shown as given to the shell.
 This returns all files with any metadata attribute value matching the string "image":
 mdfind image
 This returns all files that contain "MyFavoriteAuthor" in the kMDItemAuthor metadata attribute:
 mdfind "kMDItemAuthor == '*MyFavoriteAuthor*'"
 This returns all files with any metadata attribute value matching the string "skateboard". The find
 continues to run after gathering the initial results, providing a count of the number of files that
 match the query.
 mdfind -live skateboard
 To get a list of the available attributes for use in constructing queries, see mdimport(1),
 particularly the -X switch.
Mac OS X June 10, 2004 Mac OS X
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Assortment analysis: identifying weak links
26.07.2013 13868
Assortment analysis: identifying weak links
How, using assortment analysis, can you understand which product categories are the "weak link" that constantly create stocks? The most powerful way is to use ABC market analysis based on the Pareto principle. Clever Fashion's experts tell you how to apply this principle to the assortment of a shoe store.
(Only part of the article "To make the leftovers become sweet" is published here. Read the full version of the material in Shoes Report # 108).
The Pareto principle says that 20% of the effort gives 80% of the result, and in relation to the assortment implies that the largest amount of profit (80%) comes from a fairly small group of products and customers (20%). Using the Pareto principle, all inventories can be divided into 3 main categories:
And - especially valuable goods, which make up 20% of stocks in a warehouse and form 80% of sales;
B - goods of average value, comprising 30% of stocks in a warehouse and 15% of sales;
C - the least valuable goods: 50% of stocks in a warehouse and 5% - sales.
Before applying Pareto principle to product categories, analyze sales at a point of sale. To do this, you need to divide all the parameters and resources that you encounter when working into groups according to the degree of importance and effectiveness. This is especially convenient with tables. To compile them, do the following:
Identify the ones that matter to your business objectsfor example, customers (regular, casual, wholesale customers, those who are looking for rare sizes or models, etc.), suppliers (seasonal shoes, exclusive shoes, discounted shoes, etc.), groups and subgroups of goods.
· Determine what parameters you will evaluate efficiency these objects for your store. This may be the volume of sales provided by this object, the total income earned from the object, the average inventory, the number of sales units per object, the number of orders from the object, etc. For example, you analyze sales and you see that a certain regular group of customers buys the entire size range of certain shoes every season, another group - only a few popular models, and another customer group is focused on a particular brand. Or, looking at the income earned, you see that from one group of goods profit is 3 times more than from another. Make several tables for each such object, and consider all its parameters in the table. The numbers may surprise you!
· Sort Objects in importance and profitability for your store. These tables will help to understand with whom cooperation is more effective. Do not forget to analyze the ratio of the tables to each other - this way you can find that, for example, a certain group of customers buys the entire size range each time, but this does not bring the highest percentage of profit due to the pricing policy. And some supplier doesn't deliver the most popular models, but it is them who are guaranteed to buy regular customers: in this way, the products of this supplier practically do not form residues in the warehouse.
· After analyzing all the data, matching all the numbers and graphs, go to the definition priority product groups using the Pareto principle.
Analiz objektov
How exactly to apply the Pareto principle to the information obtained from the tables? As noted above, group A - these are the models and sizes that bring the main part of the profit, suppliers whose products diverge the fastest, and customers who provide most of the turnover. Therefore, in the final data, objects of this group are very easy to notice: these are the most popular models in the collection, the most popular sizes, shoes that most meet the demand of buyers and suppliers who offer just such products.
The goods of group A practically do not form residues in the warehouse, therefore also look for objects that are sold as quickly and fully as possible. In general, all the products you selected in this group will amount to no more than 20% of the total.
Next Popular Products group B form in comparative tables about 30%. These are objects that provide a good average level of sales - something that will most likely be sold out, but a certain number of pairs can get stuck in the warehouse: sandals will linger in the fall, and several pairs of boots will also stand in the spring.
Products group C they generate income less than others, but more often than others they turn into long-term stock balances. This is usually a specific product - amateur shoes, extreme sizes, exotic models. Such products also find their buyer, but this happens extremely slowly.
How, using assortment analysis, can you understand which product categories are the "weak link" that constantly create stocks? The most effective way is to use ABC market analysis,...
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