Selecting energy-efficient transformers
Transformer efficiency
Consider a facility that has an older 225 kVA transformer that was installed around 1973. It has a 480 V primary and a 208/120 V secondary, and it meets the required clearances. When the issue of replacing the transformer arises, considerations include:
 - The unit is 40 years old, but for this example, assume it has been fully checked for hot spots and is still in good operating condition.
 - The unit is specified at 150-C rise, which means at full load, the surface temperature of the transformer can get quite hot.
 - The unit is more than 112.5 kVA, which per National Electrical Code (NEC), Article 450, requires the room to have a minimum fire rating of 1 hr.
 - The unit is less efficient than the currently available transformer models, but the question is: Does the energy savings alone justify the replacement of this transformer?
Transformers have losses, and those loses are given off into the room in the form of heat. If you want to know what the transformer losses are, you can either obtain information from the manufacturer's cut sheet or perform a series of no-load and loaded tests on the actual transformer. For this example, a data sheet from a transformer from that era was used for comparison. Table 2 compares a standard TP-1 efficient model and a transformer available from that era. Note that transformer losses reviewed between 1973 and 2003 appear to have similar efficiency and loss characteristics. It was not until the introduction of TP-1 that transformers were re-evaluated and efficiencies saw a big adjustment.
Source: TLC Engineering for Architecture
For the 225 kVA example, today's unit is more efficient by 728 W. Keep in mind the different components associated with this energy loss. The energy loss is given off into the room in the form of heat, and that heat is then cooled by the HVAC system, which itself has losses. The owner pays for the energy required from the transformer—plus the losses of the transformer. The owner also pays the utility company for the energy required to drive the fans, chillers, and pumps for the additional capacity. In effect, the owner pays for these losses twice. As part of this exercise, and working in conjunction with our HVAC brethren, we were able to expand this chart to compare how many more cfm are needed to keep the electrical room at 75 F based on 55 F supply air temperature (see Table 3).
Source: TLC Engineering for Architecture
The efficiency of replacing a 225 kVA transformer with a new 225 kVA unit can result in a reduction of approximately 113 cfm in air conditioning. This isn't a big difference, won't have a huge impact on the utility bills, and won't pay for the new transformer in savings. So let's add a new wrinkle to the case study. When the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency did the TP-1 study, it found that most transformers are only 35% loaded, and in most cases this is true. If we put a 30-day load reading on this transformer, we can determine the existing load per the NEC, and have the flexibility of sizing the transformer at existing load +25%. A 225 kVA transformer at 35% + 25% per NEC would result in a 98 kVA required transformer size. The next size transformer available is 112.5 kVA. Changing our comparison from a 225 kVA existing to a 112.5 kVA new transformer means that we can reduce the airflow required to cool the room by more than 300 cfm. Losses for the new transformer are 53% of the losses of the existing transformer. This is beginning to look like a viable option for the owner to consider.
Transformer protection
For the remainder of this article, assume we selected a dry type transformer rated 112.5 kVA with a 480-V primary and a 208 Y/120 V secondary. Because the unit is installed indoors, it requires a NEMA 1 enclosure. We've selected aluminum windings because space is of no concern, and it's more cost effective for our size of transformer.
Overcurrent protection shall be selected and sized on the primary and secondary in accordance with the NEC table 450.3(B), which indicates that the secondary must be sized no greater than 125% of the full load of the transformer (312 FLA). We select a 400-A breaker because it is the next available size. The primary can be selected at up to 250% of the transformer rating (135 A), so we can select anything from a 175-A breaker to a 300-A breaker. We typically keep the primary at 125% as well because it helps simplify selective coordination, considering that these breakers can be set to overlap each other. For our example, we will select a 175-A primary breaker and a 300-A secondary breaker. When we define the breaker settings and sizes, we need to review them against two distinct points: the transformer damage curve and transformer inrush.
Figure 3: This time-current curve of the example 112.5 kVA transformer shows that the primary and secondary breakers, damage curve, and inrush current are selectively coordinated.Transformer damage curve: The transformer damage curve is an ANSI standard curve that all transformers are measured against. It indicates the level of current over time the transformer can withstand and typically is shown as a sloped line on time-current curves. We must ensure that the overcurrent protection will trip before this current is reached.
Transformer inrush: Every transformer has windings, which means it is inductive. Because transformers are inductive, they experience an inrush of current when power is applied. Because a transformer operates on magnetic principles, there can be differences in transformer starting current, depending on the phase angle of the voltage when the transformer is first energized. The starting current can vary from full load current to 20 times the transformer's full load rating, and can essentially appear as a fault. Manufacturers can provide the maximum inrush current for each of their units, and it should be considered when selecting the size of the primary overcurrent protection. In our coordination study, the breaker will not trip from transformer inrush current (see Figure 3).
Transformer selection, sizing, and protection
Transformers discussed in this article are dry type, but the theory remains the same for larger transformers of different types. However, some of the protection schemes are more advanced and different materials are used in transformer construction. Now that you are armed with additional information, it's time to go out in the world and check those lonely transformers that are protecting so much.
James Ferris is an electrical project engineer with TLC Engineering for Architecture. He specializes in power distribution for health care facilities. Aaron Johnson is a mechanical project engineer and project manager at TLC Engineering for Architecture, where his focus is on HVAC design.
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Fabo, Non-US/Not Applicable, Nigeria, 03/21/14 04:14 AM:
Why are we, from Nigeria not applicable
BRANDON, VA, United States, 04/21/14 12:32 PM:
The article mentions that when replacing a 150 kVA transformer that the room be 1 hour fire rated. However, most commercially available standard transformers come with an insulation class of 220 degrees. Therefore they meet the second exception of 450.21(B) and do not need to be in a fire rated room. Something to consider when preparing the transformer specification. It is likely easier to get 220 class insulation (if not standard already) than fire rating an existing room.
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Manuscript Preparation, Copyediting, and Proofreading
Q. If a book contains only one table, is it necessary to number it?
A. No. In that case, a number would serve no purpose. Even with many tables, numbers are not always needed. Assign numbers if the author uses them to refer to the tables elsewhere in the text, or if you think readers would find them helpful for citing—for instance, in digital publications without page numbers.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Teaching Fractions, Decimals & Percentages is only £99+VAT for the full school site licence. There is NO annual licence fee!
The software is supplied on CD, once installed the CD is no longer required.
State/Shade a Fraction of Amount
Read and write proper fractions interpreting the denominator as the parts of a whole and the numerator as the number of parts; identify fractions of shapes. State - Worksheet (1) ~ State - Worksheet (2)


Create a PDF file using pyPdf Python module
In this scenario, we will learn how to create a PDF file using pyPdf Python module. PyPDF2 is the extended version of the pyPdf module in python. So we are going to use the PyPDF2 module to create a new pdf file.
PyPDF2 is not a predefined module, so before using it we have to install it using command prompt as:
# Installation of PyPDF2 module
C:\Users>pip install PyPDF2
In the PyPDF2 module, we have many classes like PdfFileWriter and PdfFileReader, etc. In this tutorial, we use the PdfFileWriter class to create a pdf, So we have to import the PdfFileWriter class into our program.
# importing PdfFileWriter class
from PyPDF2 import PdfFileWriter
In the next step of our tutorial, we will open a new pdf file for writing contents into that file.
Opening the pdf file:
In the above step, we opened a file "pavan.pdf" using open() method in "wb" format (i.e combination of write mode and binary mode). Now let us create a pdf file using the PdfFileWriter class, open() method, and PyPDF2 module.
Example program to create a pdf file using pyPdf Python module
from PyPDF2 import PdfFileWriter as w
for i in range(5):
 pdf.addBlankPage(219,297) _TAG_ size dimensions
As the output of our program, we will able to see the PDF file that we have just created.
In the first line of our above script, we imported the PyPDF2 module and also it's class PdfFileWriter as w. In the second step of our script, we open the file using the open() method in the "wb" format. later using for loop we created five blank a4 size pages(dimensions of a4 219×297).
Here if we increase the range of for loop then the number of pages in our pdf also increases gradually. Using the addBlankPage() method we add a blank page into the file as a4 size dimensions. Finally using the write() method we write all the five blank pages into the pdf file "pavan.pdf" and close the file using the close() method.
Also, read: Read a particular pdf page
One response to "Create a PDF file using pyPdf Python module"
 1. S. Jayaram says:
 I found working code from your site only. Thank you. Great
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VT101 Introduction to Veterinary Technology
Directions: Be sure to make an electronic copy of your answer before submitting it for grading. Unless otherwise stated, answer in complete sentences, and be sure to use correct English spelling and grammar. Sources must be cited in APA format. Refer to the "Assignment Format" page for specific format requirements.
For this assignment, you'll make a client brochure for a common animal behavior problem. The client brochure must include the following information:
- Name of behavior problem
- Signs of the problem
- Consideration of factors to rule out before a pet is diagnosed with the specific problem (potential medical causes of the problem)
- Definition of the problem
- Treatment of problem (medical, behavioral, exercise, environmental modification, etc.)
- What to do if the problem persists, worsens, etc.
You must also provide references for your project information. Format your project as brochure or 'flyer' style.


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Definition: 'Sodium Chromate Cr 51'
sodium chromate Cr 51Type: Term
1. anionic hexavalent radioactive chromium in the form of sodium chromate (Na2
The information shown above for sodium chromate Cr 51 is provided by Stedman's.
* Stedman's, part of Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, provide a comprehensive line of health-science publications for healthcare professionals and medical students.


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problem. Some switches also allow further control selectivity by the use of hard-to-reach
(HTR) code-determination algorithms or specification of alternate-routed traffic, directrouted traffic, or combined directand alternate-routed traffic-control choices. The most
common manual controls are described below:
Cancel controls consist of two variations. "Cancel From" (CANF) potentially prevents overflow traffic from a selected trunk group from advancing to any alternate
route. "Cancel To" (CANT) potentially prevents all sources of traffic from accessing a specific route. Some control arrangements permit CANF and CANT to be
applied to alternate-routed or direct-routed traffic or both. All cancel controls are
implemented on a percentage-of-traffic basis.
Skip route control directs a percentage of traffic to bypass a specific circuit group and
advance to the next route in its normal routing pattern. The control can be adjusted
to affect alternate-routed or direct-routed traffic or both.
Code-block control blocks a percentage of calls routed to a specific destination code.
In most cases, a code-block control can also be specified to include the called-station
Call-gapping control, like code-block control, limits routing to a specific code or
station address. Call-gapping is more effective in controlling mass calling situations
than the code-block control. Call-gapping consists of an adjustable timer that stops all
calls to a specified code for a time interval selected from 16 different time intervals.
After the expiration of the time interval, one call to the specified code or address
is allowed access to the network, after which the call-gapping procedure is recycled
for another time interval.
Circuit-directionalization control changes 2-way circuits to 1-way operation.
Circuit-turndown control removes 1- or 2-way circuits from service.
Reroute controls serve in a variety of ways to redirect traffic from congested or failed
routes to other circuit groups not normally included in the route advance chain but
that have temporary idle capacity. Reroutes override the normal routing algorithms
in a switch. Reroutes can be used on a planned basis, such as on a recurring peakcalling day or in response to unexpected overloads or failures. "Regular reroute"
affects traffic overflowing a trunk group. "Immediate reroute" (IRR) affects traffic
before hunting the trunk group for an idle circuit. Reroute controls may redirect
traffic to a single or to multiple routes. The multiple option is referred to as a "spray
Automatic Controls in Modern Digital Switches
. Current, computerbased switches may include the following types of automatic controls:
Selective dynamic overload control (SDOC)
Selective trunk reservation (STR)
Dynamic overload control (DOC)
Selective incoming load control (SILC)
SDOC and STR are considered "selective" protective controls because they can selectively control traffic to HTR points
more severely than other traffic. If the probability of
HTR (hard to reach) points have 3- or 6-digit destination codes. Calls to these points have a low probability

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Learning doesn't have to come to an end when school finishes for the summer! That's because Sylvan Learning's summer camps in Timonium are tailored to keep kids interested, entertained and engaged all season long.
From Writing and Reading to Robotics, Coding and Engineering, we offer a great selection of programs for every age — they're a total blast! We're also happy to offer convenient scheduling options, so you work exciting learning experiences into your family's busy summer schedule.
Interactive Activities That Make a Big Impact
Our summer camps in Timonium feature fun activities and learning experiences that make a big difference. In fact, the skills we focus on — from reading, writing, math and study skills to the latest STEM teaching (Science, Technology, Engineering and Math) skills — can help your child reach his or her potential in and outside the classroom. Get ready for a summer learning without compromising fun: register for a place in one of our programs today!▼
A Summer of Learning and Fun Awaits
At Sylvan, we design programs that focus on motivation, inspiration and creativity. You won't find any repetitive writing or math drills here! On top of that, many of our camps have group dynamics, so your child can sign up with friends or make new ones through fun, collaborative activities. Your child will have an amazing time acquiring a new skill set while playing with innovative technology and accomplishing goals with friends!
Enjoy a brighter summer: contact a Sylvan center in your area today to find out which camps are available in or around Timonium.
Experience Our Academic Summer Camps:
- Early Reading (PreK-K): We mix interactive lessons and exciting games to help your child move his or her reading to the next level — and get ready to start elementary school.
- Study Skills (Grades 4-12): Expect less stress and more high-fives as your child develops time management and organization skills that are perfect for school and beyond.
- Fit4Algebra (Grades 6-9): Our activities get kids in tip-top shape for taking on tricky algebra concepts to come. Learning algebra has never been this fun!
- Writing (Grades 4-9): Building a portfolio of work is a great way to learn useful writing techniques, so our budding writers create everything from movie reviews to web copy.
Our STEM Summer Camps Include:
- Robotics (Grades 1-6): Your child will develop critical STEM and problem solving skills while having a blast along the way. Each theme-based session encourages creativity and imagination as kids build, program and animate amazing robots using LEGO® bricks and award-winning software. It doesn't get much cooler than that!
- Engineering (Grades 1-8): Your child will love the fun, hands-on projects that explore how machines, super structures and all things that move are built. Kids will get to design, evaluate and reconstruct creations that are inspired by real-life structures from around the globe!


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While researching map design, I came across the fascinating Cartographers' Guild and, on a whim, decided to enter their mapping challenge for May 2014: to design a map that monsters might have created. This is what I came up with:
The concept is pretty basic: A primitive tribe of monstrous folk live in the mountains and prey on several surrounding human communities for their food and supplies. They don't have a well developed written language, so they've marked points of interest on their maps using pictograms and other symbols. It's like a hobo code. They're mostly interested in food and threats, so the symbols include bread and livestock (farmers), fish, villages and cities etc. They also mark on weapons to indicate how dangerous the people are in those areas.
It's a small map because they travel by foot and this is basically their whole world and it lacks sophistication because they do.
: I'm happy to report that my map won this particular challenge!


Adlerian Psychology Psychological Birth Order Vantage
Steven A. Maybell, PhD It is a common fallacy to imagine that children of the same family are formed in the same environment. Of course there is much which is the same for all children of the same home, however the psychological situation of each child is unique and differs from the others, due to their unique birth order vantage.We must insist again that the situation is never the same for two children in a family; and each child will show in his style of life the results of his attempts to adapt himself to his own particular circumstances.
There has been some misunderstanding of my custom of understanding according to position in the family. It is not of course the child's number in the order of successive births which influence his character, but the total situation into which he is born and lives, and the way in which he interprets it. – Alfred Adler, M.D.
Upon closer examination, it is found that each child has an essentially different position in the family and must see all the circumstances of his childhood in an entirely different light. The only fundamental law governing the developing child's character is that he trains those qualities by which he hopes to achieve significance or even a degree of power and superiority in the family constellation. – Rudolf Dreikurs, M.D.
No two children are born into the same family
The psychological value of considering the birth order position is that it reveals the vantage from which the child perceives and evaluated self, others, and the world, and from which the child forms convictions about what is required of him or of her to make a place, given the heredity endowment and the environmental opportunities in the given situation. – Robert L. Powers
Steven A. Maybell, Ph.D.
 1. Always consider psychological position vs. ordinal position. A therapist can always rely upon the client, e.g. for a client who had two older siblings, "Did it feel more like you were a youngest of two, or an only child."
 2. Psychological Competition is a primary dynamic when considering birth order vantage dynamics. When a second child comes along, she/he in an effort to find a unique place of significance seeks to:
 1. Avoid those areas where the older sibling is most prominent or capable. – Develop in those areas where the older sibling is less prominent or capable.
 2. This in turns "cements" the orientation of the older sibling, who wishes also to be unique, by being different than the younger sibling.
 3. The other dynamic of psychological competition occurs when the younger child decides to compete directly in the same "field of activity" as the older brother or sister with an effort to surpass the older sibling. This is referred to as the "Avis" child – "I'm #2 but I try harder".
 3. The greatest psychological competition exists between children of the same gender and who are close in age.
 4. Psychological competition can play out through the life cycle, e.g. a first-born, suddenly depressed and discouraged at age 35 and did not know why. Exploration revealed that his younger sibling recently graduated with his doctoral degree.
 5. Take age differences into consideration. Where there are gaps of three or more years, it is common for the birth order to begin anew, creating birth order subgroups.
 6. Blended or step-families go through a period of disorientation and competition for "place" as there is typically two first-borns, two youngest, etc
 7. Look always for the dynamic of dethronement, for the next oldest sibling when a new sibling comes along. This tends to be temporary.
 8. When displacement occurs, meaning the younger sibling overtakes the older with respect to accomplishments, this is much more devastating in the long run.
 9. The way in which gender is defined by the parents in a family has strong impact on psychological birth order. Boys and girls may be assigned a very different value and very different roles in the family. A firstborn daughter, for example, whatever her ordinal position may have significant domestic and care-taking responsibilities. The firstborn son may be given heightened value and privilege even though he is not born first.
 10. Health/Mental Health problems have impact. A developmentally disabled child, for example, can remain in the 'baby' position regardless of ordinal position. This in turn impacts the psychological position of the other children.
 11. Adopted children are in a unique place in a family. Parents may be so thankful for the child that they are overindulgent. At the same time the child may be plagued by not being wanted by the biological parents. If the adopted child is in a family with biological siblings, the adopted child may feel different and alienated from the rest of the family.
 12. When a child dies in the family, this can have an effect on the position of the other children. Dynamics may include the over-indulgence of the remaining children, or the deceased child being so idealized in the family, as to present an impossible image to live up to.
 13. Twins know, as do the rest of the family, who was born first and who was not.
 14. Adler pointed out that in his experience the extreme positions tend to experience the extreme problems. I have found this also to be true.
 15. In all modalities of treatment individual, couple, and family therapy, uncovering psychological birth order dynamics can be most useful and at times key to understanding the case. It can be a most illuminating process to look at birth order combinations between parents and their kids, and between members of a couple.In some cases, birth order dynamics are primary in their impact on lifestyle or relationship dynamics. In other cases the impact of birth order is secondary to other more prominent issues and dynamics, e.g. family atmosphere, parenting styles, gender guiding lines, memorable or traumatic experiences.
Copyright © 2006 Steven A. Maybell, PhD


Why the name: Dar es Salaam?
Dar es Salaam
Dar es Salaam
I always thought that the name of the Tanzanian city Dar es Salaam had something to do with peace, since it made me think of the Arabic greeting As-salamu alaykum which means peace be upon you. Great was my joy when I found out that it was indeed true. Dar es Salaam means 'the abode of peace' or 'the house of peace.'
Flag of Tanzania
Flag of Tanzania
Formerly Mzizima or 'the healthy town' in Kiswahili, Dar es Salaam is Tanzania's largest and richest city today. It is a regional important economic center. In the 19th century, it was a coastal fishing village on the periphery of the Indian ocean trade routes. In 1865, Sultan Majid bin Said of Zanzibar began building a city near Mzizima, and named it Dar es Salaam or harbor/haven of peace with Dar in Arabic meaning house, and es salaam meaning peace. Dar es Salaam fell into decline after Sultan Majid's death in 1870, but was revived in 1887 when the German East Africa Company established a station there. The town's growth was facilitated by its role as the administrative and commercial centre of German East Africa and industrial expansion resulting from the construction of the Central Railway Line in the early 1900s.
Map of Tanzania
Map of Tanzania
As Germany lost World War I, German East Africa was captured by the British and from then on was referred to as Tanganyika. Dar es Salaam was retained as the territory's administrative and commercial centre. Under British indirect rule, separate European (e.g., Oyster Bay) and African (e.g., Kariakoo and Ilala) areas developed at a distance from the city center. The town's population also included a large number of south Asians. After World War II, Dar es Salaam experienced a period of rapid growth including political development with the formation of the Tanganyika African National Union or TANU which will lead Tanganyika to independence from British rule in 1961.
Dar es Salaam, once the capital of Tanzania, lost its status of capital city to Dodoma in 1974. Please enjoy the singer Momba who sings Dar es Salaam, and feel at peace in this haven.
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Online Google Dictionary
necessary 中文解釋 wordnet sense Collocation Usage Collins Definition
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Required to be done, achieved, or present; needed; essential,
 1. Required to be done, achieved, or present; needed; essential
 - - members are admitted only after they have gained the necessary experience
 - - it's not necessary for you to be here
 2. Determined, existing, or happening by natural laws or predestination; inevitable
 - - a necessary consequence
 3. (of a concept, statement, judgment, etc.) Inevitably resulting from or produced by the nature of things, so that the contrary is impossible
 4. (of an agent) Having no independent volition
 1. The basic requirements of life, such as food and warmth
 2. Small items required for a particular journey or purpose
 - - I hastily threw a few necessaries into a kit bag
 1. absolutely essential
 3. unavoidably determined by prior circumstances; "the necessary consequences of one's actions"
 4. (necessarily) in an essential manner; "such expenses are necessarily incurred"
 5. Modal logic is a type of formal logic that extends the standards of formal logic to include the elements of modality (for example, possibility and necessity). Modals qualify the truth of a judgment....
 6. "Necessary" is a song by Japanese j-pop group Every Little Thing, released as their tenth single on September 30, 1998.
 7. House of Fools is a rock band from Greensboro, North Carolina. Members include Josh King (vocals/acoustic guitar), David McLaughlin (guitar/backing vocals), Joel Kiser (guitar), Matt Bowers (keyboard), Jordan Powers (exFar-Less) (bass) and Jack Foster (drums).
 8. bathroom, toilet, loo; needed, required
 9. (necessaries) necessary or indispensable items
 10. (Necessaries) Basic items needed to maintain a standard of living.
 11. (Necessaries) Items of clothing issued to a soldier other than his uniform, such as shirts, stockings, shoes and trousers.
 12. (Necessaries) The common law doctrine that if a person who owes another person the duty of support and fails to support such person, he becomes liable to third parties who provide necessaries such as the grocer and utility company to person owed a duty of support..
 13. (necessaries) Goods and services that are essential to a minor's health and welfare.
 14. (necessaries) Goods suitable to the condition in life of an infant or minor or other person and to his actual requirements at the time of the sale and delivery.
 15. (necessaries) The basic requirements for a reasonable lifestyle, e.g. food, clothes, housing, etc.
 16. (necessaries) staple goods, such as sugar, salt, coffee
 17. niedbehefe; niedbeðearf
 18. The little blue porta-potties/outhouses/chemical toilets found at reenactments. "The necessary" was actually a period term for outhouse. Also called Comfort Station, Hooters, Irish Shanty, Officer's Quarters, and Our Lady of the Blue Waters.
 19. A sentence, proposition thought, or judgement is necessary if it is true of any possible world. Some philosophers (e.g. A.J....
 20. and sufficient minimal set of modeling concepts to cover the representation scope of a modeling framework on the most abstract level (on the level that corresponds to the first order propositions in Russell's Theory of Types).
 21. modal logic: must exist in all possible worlds. Impossible to not be the case, things could not be otherwise. See also contingent.
 22. Essential, indispensable, requisite, required.
 23. (1) In logic, any statement whose denial would involve a contradiction. (2) In ontology, the quality of a being that is eternal and needs nothing else to exist or continue to exist.
 24. What must be the case, as opposed to the merely possible (what might be the case) and the merely actual (what is the case)....
 25. (as in "necessary war") – not really that necessary, at least when it comes to backing up your words with required manpower and funding and standing up to your liberal base.


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The pages of Reverend Joseph Felt's Annals of Salem, a two volume collection of historical facts about the town that was published in 1827 and 1828, are filled with fascinating tidbits about weather extremes and other oddities in Salem's history.
In July 1773 lightning struck a tree on Gallows Hill and rendered it the shape of a broom. In 1798 another bolt hit the ship Martha in Salem Harbor, killing two sailors and wounding two others.
Salem experienced a violent hailstorm on August 1, 1815. Some hailstones were five inches in circumference. The storm lasted but a few minutes but broke thirty thousand panes of glass in Salem alone. Every house in the town lost at least one pane. A similar storm in 1819 destroyed 168 panes of glass in a single home on Essex Street. Felt notes: "Human power quailed before its violence."
Snowstorms in 1829 and 1978 dumped at least two feet of the white stuff on Salem in a single day. And in what had been a normal July in 1804, snow fell one day in Salem and surrounding towns.
View of the Phillips Library, Essex Street, during a snowfall
Salem has experienced hurricanes, blizzards, earthquakes, eclipses, and many other natural phenomena. But to local townspeople nothing was as frightening as the "great darkness" that fell over the town on May 19, 1780.
According to an entry in the diary of William Pyncheon, the darkness began descending over the town at ten in the morning on that normal, bright day. Over the next two hours the sky grew increasingly dark, and by noon people were eating and reading by candlelight. Confused cocks crowed, and a general melancholy fell over the townspeople -- except the sailors, who went "halloing" through the streets and taunting the young ladies they encountered to divest themselves of some of their clothing.
Members of Dr. Nathaniel Whitaker's church gathered for solace at their meeting house on School Street, now Washington Street. Instead they were rebuked by their pastor, who claimed the darkness was a punishment sent from the Lord for past transgressions.
The darkness, incidentally, was caused by the smoke from wildfires in northern New England.
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This work ranks amongst the large-scale animal studies by Fabergé and carvings of fish are amongst the rarest. Two or three examples are preserved in the Royal Collection, all of which are smaller in size. A carp carved from cornelian preserved in the Kremlin is of a similar dimension.
Carl Fabergé (_PHONE_) owned a significant collection of Japanese works of art, which proved to be a valuable source of inspiration for his own work. A photograph of his apartment in Morskaya Street shows a display case filled with over 500 netsuke. It is likely that Fabergé acquired many of these pieces from a shop called 'Japan' which was situated on the Nevsky Prospect in St Petersburg during the turn of the 19th century.
With the restoration of the Meiji in 1868, the borders of Japan were opened to international trade. This led to a Europe wide fascination with Japanese works of art. Many of Fabergé's customers were keen collectors of Japanese artefacts (as an example Mrs A A Watney Weguelin, a regular customer of Fabergé's London branch, built an impressive collection of netsuke carvings which were sold at Christies after her death in 1938). Franz Birbaum, who managed Fabergé's workshop, mentioned in his memoirs that it was the firm's acquaintance with Chinese and Japanese works of art which 'first stimulated [them] to produce work of this kind.'
The carp was a particularly popular subject with netsuke carvers, its tail often slightly curled towards its head. In Japanese culture, the carp is thought to be a symbol of prosperity and good luck.


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Why champagne is so bubblyPublished On: Sat, Dec 31st, 2011 | Food & Nutrition | By BioNews
The unique bubbly fizz and taste that comes on popping the champagne cork is because of trapped carbon dioxide in the drink, a new study has suggested.
A New Year's themed video produced by the American Chemical Society, explained Henry's Law, which is a law of physics that states that the pressure of a gas above a solution is proportional to the concentration of the gas within the solution.
For champagne, carbon dioxide is the gas that forms those delightful bubbles. And, in an unopened bottle of champagne, there is equilibrium between the CO2 inside the liquid and the gas in the spaces of the cork, the Discovery News reported.
Popping the cork disturbs this equilibrium, which is only regained as the CO2 bubbles out. To get raise a perfect toast, make sure to pour on an angle, which preserves up to twice as much CO2 compared to pouring into the middle of the glass, according to a 2010 paper in the Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry.
The video demonstrated that "as the bubbles ascend the length of the glass in tiny trains, they drag along molecules of flavor and aroma which explode out of the surface, tickling the nose and stimulating the senses."
Champagne making process includes two fermentations that must be done absolutely accurately to ensure the correct concentration of bubbles in the final product. During the first fermentation, just as for any other kind of wine, yeast eats up sugar molecules in grape juice and releases CO2 and ethanol. The second fermentation traps CO2 inside the liquid.
This procedure is definitely not that easy as during 1600s, when Dom Perignon is rumoured to have discovered champagne (or at least helped perfect it), bottles seldom ended up with no bubbles while in some occasions, CO2 levels were so high that bottles exploded. (ANI)


A Level Secondary Secondary English
Lively activities for teaching Wuthering Heights
I have not broken your heart – you have broken it; and in breaking it, you have broken mine': lively activities for teaching Wuthering Heights
Wuthering Heights is an epic, sweeping, iconic Gothic novel that is ideal for AS and A Level teaching. With its tragic love story, it can't exactly be called light reading so here are some thoughtful ideas for lessons that enable students to become involved in close textual analysis through creativity and drama.
Create a graphic novel
Ask students to create their own summarised version of the story in the form of a graphic novel – you might like to show some examples before starting for familiarity. This could be done on computers, through an animation programme or in a sketch book. Would they choose to keep with the gothic genre or perhaps a modern adaptation? (One of the best versions my students created was re-written in the Second World War and set in Poland with Cathy being Catholic and Heathcliff Jewish.) Allowing flair in interpretation is vital; indeed some students may prefer to address this as a comic strip. Would the imagery be dark and sombre as Bronte suggests or something entirely different? As a rough guide, I would ask them to consider which 15 key scenes they feel are the most important as well as 15 key quotations.
Key discussions whilst the task is in hand:
To prompt further analysis, you could discuss: What are the main events? Does the class collectively agree or are their different opinions? Could they cut those scenes down further, for example what are the five most crucial scenes? Which individual scene perfectly depicts the novel? Are there any scenes you think could be removed entirely? Are there any points where you disagree with the character's responses? Are we as readers meant to sympathise with Cathy or Heathcliff?
Key quotations:
When collecting quotes individually, in pairs or groups, ask students to discuss the following questions:
 - Was Cathy 'a wild, wicked slip of a girl […] too bright for this world'?
 - Is this a romantic novel or a horror story?
 - Are we reading about love or revenge?
 - Which quotations stayed with you?
 - Can you select 15 key quotes for your graphic novel? Or one for each character?
 - Can you select a quotation that embodies the whole novel?
If they find this part tricky, I tend to lead with this one: 'If you ever looked at me once with what I know is in you, I would be your slave'. Who says this and in what scene? How is this quotation problematic? Who has the power here? Why is the word 'slave' so important? You might like to provide quotations if you are looking at a specific element of the novel or to support less able students.
The graphic novel activity promotes close textual analysis, insight, familiarity with the text, characters and motive, class discussion and further insight. It is also an excellent creative revision tool.
Further discussion points or starter activities:
1. Create a soundscape
After students have read the scenes where Heathcliff is introduced to the Earnshaw family, can they create a soundscape of the events from Heathcliff's point of view? Using their bodies or instruments can they create the sounds of the rain, dogs barking, the howling wind, the thudding of his heart, his breathing, the noise of the servants, 'What's so special about him?', 'I won't have a gypsy in my house', 'you are a castaway', Cathy's voice and the fire in the hearth. Can this be layered until students can sense how overwhelmed he would be? Is he met with kindness or contempt? What would they do in his situation?
2. Adaptation analysis
Watch different film or TV adaptations of the same scene. Which do students feel is closest to the novel and why? Which shows the characters in the way they imagine them? Freeze the frame and ask them to suggest a change to the scene. Would they change the setting? Could they suggest songs for a soundtrack to the film? Are there lyrics that remind them of the characters or situations?
3. Character Jumble
Give students 15 minutes in pairs to write down the names of all the characters in the novel. Now ask them to cut up the list and put the names in the following orders:
1. the order in which the characters appear
2. the protagonists to the minor characters
3. kind and cruel characters
4. rich and poor
5. heart broken and heart breakers
6. weak and strong.
Allow students to then come up with their own categories and prompt their decisions with further questioning.
By Joanna Fliski
Joanna Fliski is a freelance writer, secondary English teacher and primary school teacher in Bristol
Read more teaching tips for English KS3, GCSE and A-level set texts
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A team of 3D print researchers has managed to 3D print an entire jet engine.
The group, from Melbourne Australia-based Monash University, have actually printed two complete jet engines using metal 3D printing technology.
The process, which took some two years to complete, involved obtaining permission to 3D scan the internal components of an existing turbofan auxiliary power unit used in smaller aircraft. Each scanned part was then printed in solid metal using the EOS and Concept Laser gear at the Monash Centre for Additive Manufacturing in Melbourne.
While these parts have been printed and assembled into a jet engine, it is not known whether the engine has been fired. This is also a key test, as the mechanical rigors of engine operation will provide a test for the strength of the 3D printed parts.
This is only a first step, a kind of demonstration. If the parts prove sufficiently strong to make up a working and durable 3D printed jet engine, then researchers can move on to leveraging 3D print technology to develop parts in new ways. In this experiment, the advantages of 3D printing, namely the ability to print any geometric shape, were not used, as the demonstration involved scanning an existing design.
Future experiments could result in engines with far fewer parts, lighter weight, improved safety, smaller occupied volumes or even unusual performance characteristics. There's a lot more to do after this first test.


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By Robert Petitijean
TA Hydronics AB.
In chiller systems, pumps, pipes and terminal units are selected to meet a specific maximum cooling load. If this capacity cannot be obtained because the system is unbalanced, then the owner has not the full return on his investment.
If the supply water flow is correct, any zone flow greater than its design will create less flow available to other zones. This results in remote circuits with less than design flow which are not able to meet their required load.
In Figure 1, a cooling system is shown with two chillers piped in parallel, providing their supply in a production loop. A distribution pump draws chilled water from this loop at tee M, delivers it to the terminal units and returns it at tee N. A two way modulating control valve varies the flow through each terminal in response to a local temperature/humidity controller. A balancing valve limits the flow to each terminal.
If the system is not balanced, the distribution flow "qs," may be greater than chiller flow "qg " and a reverse flow "qb" will occur in the bypass MN to mix with the chiller supply at M. This increases the supply water temperature "ts" and consequently reduces the chiller capacity available to the distribution pumping system and the terminals. Hydronic balancing avoids this situation. The balancing investment (balancing valves + flow adjustments) typically costs less than one percent of the total HVAC cost. This allows the maximum chiller capacity installed to be fully distributed to all terminals, thereby returning the investment to the owner in terms of building performance and satisfied occupants.
Each terminal is shown with a balancing valve on its return side to act as a shut off valve, a flow measuring devices and a flow adjusting valve. Since a shut off valve is recommended on both supply and return sides of the terminal piping, the balancing valve does not add to the installation labour cost. The balancing valve gives the opportunity to measure the terminal flow accurately in the commissioning process and is an important diagnostic tool during the life of the system. In addition, the balancing valve is provided with a mechanical memory to permit re-opening the valve to its correct position after servicing the terminal.
Manual balancing valves have to be balanced, which is a beneficial constraint, because the balancing procedure gives the possibility to detect most of the hydronic abnormalities during the commissioning operation.
In variable flow of water distribution, some believe that two way control valves solve the balancing problem as they automatically provide the required flow in each terminal unit. This is true if the control valves are correctly sized, if the control loop is stable, if the set point of the thermostat is not at an extreme value and if the terminal units are selected for the maximum load required. A lot of "ifs" to meet this statement!
The typical characteristics of a cooling terminal and control valve are represented at Figure 2 (See reference A).
The non-linear characteristic of the cooling coil, makes control difficult with a proportional control valve. At small loads, for a small increase of valve lift, the cooling output increases rapidly. To make the control better, an equal % control valve must be used as shown in Fig 2b. For 50% of valve lift, the water flow is 20% (Fig 2b). 20% of flow gives 50% of cooling effect (Fig 2a). Finally, 50% of valve lift gives 50% of cooling effect (Fig 2c). However, the non-linear characteristic of the terminal is really compensated by the equal % control valve characteristic. The design flow must be just obtained when the control valve is fully open (Fig 2b)
Click to see the clear image
To obtain the terminal's design flow at design condition, the pressure drop of the control valve at full open position must be equal to the available differential pressure ΔH less the design pressure drop in the terminal coil (8ft) and the piping components (1 ft) (See Fig 3a). In the design stage, who knows the available differential pressure ΔH on each circuit? It is doubtful the designer provides this. Also what is the pressure drop for the terminal coil, which will not be chosen until the contractor is selected? And we may not find, on the market, the correctly sized control valve calculated for this terminal.
In example Fig 3a, the pressure drop in the control valve, for a design flow of 25 GPM, must be ideally equal to (27-8-1 =) 18 ft. The corresponding2 Cv should be 9. On the market, this Cv may not be available and a value of Cv = 12 is selected. This valve (Cv=12) creates a pressure drop of 9 ft for the design flow. This oversized valve gives a flow3 of 31 GPM (Curve 1 Fig 3b). With a balancing valve set for a pressure drop of (27-8-9 =) 10ft, the correct design flow is obtained for the wide open control valve.
The valve characteristic (Curve 2 Fig 3b) is closer to the theoretical equal % characteristic. This example shows why the control valves may be oversized and why balancing valves are required. At full load, all the control valves will be fully open. If the piping system is unbalanced, it may not be able to provide the design flow to each terminal. Remember if the flow is greater than the design flow for some terminals, it will result in less flow available for other terminals.
Often, the system has to work at full load. If the system is never fully loaded, the chillers, pumps, etc. are oversized and the system is not correctly designed. When the system is balanced, it's not necessary to oversize, reducing the equipment investment and the operating costs. In starting-up each morning after night shut down, the cooling tonnage installed is required but may not be properly disturbed. Any mixing at M (Fig 1) keeps the chilled supply water temperature higher than its design.
The room temperatures slowly reduce to their set point, first for the circuits at design flow or greater. These controllers are reducing their flows. Design room temperatures will eventually be reached, but not at the same time for all terminals. If the plant has to be started ½ hour earlier than normal, in comparison with an 8 hours normal day, the energy usage increases by 6.25% per day, i.e. 0.5 x 100/8, which can exceed the distribution pumping costs.
Hydronic balancing allows each control valve, when fully open, to obtain its design flow. This remains true when the system is not working at the design condition, with a total average water flow lower than design. Since a lower average flow means less pressure drops in the pipes and accessories, the available differential pressure and flow on each circuit can only increase.
If the balancing valve is adjusted properly, it creates the minimum drop to obtain the design flow for the terminal at design condition. If after commissioning, the balancing valve is opened fully, the flow will increase. In example fig 3b (curve 1), the flow and the pumping energy increase 24% of design4. The control valve will have to close further, resulting in a shift of control point. The friction head energy is not saved that way, it will just be transferred from the balancing valve to the control valve. It is then obvious that the balancing valves do not create added pressure drops.
One author has said: "In a plant, an analysis of pressure losses revealed a pressure drop of 50 to 56 psi across a balance valve installed on the discharge of he secondary pumps. This resulted in a energy loss of over 900, 000 kWh per year."
Thanks to the balancing valve for showing that the pump is oversized. This is to say: "Don't accuse at thermometer if it is too hot in the room". Knowing this pump is oversized, the correct action is to trim or replace the pump impeller or the pump itself, re-open the pump balancing valve to eliminate any additional pumping cost. If only the balancing valve is eliminated, the excess pump head must be absorbed by the control valves or automatic flow limiters without saving any pumping energy. From the point of view, manual hydronic balancing allows the minimum pumping cost in the distribution system.
The manufacturer does not provide he coil as a flow measuring device. Differences between the catalog and actual pressure drop may vary from 10% to 40%. If a coil is to be used as a flow measuring device, it should be specified with a verified flow vs. pressure drop curve (from the factory) and pressure taps at the inlet and outlet headers. If the coil becomes partially clogged, high pressure drops will be interpreted as a high flow while the actual flow, in reality, may be too low.
First let us look at the direct return distribution (Fig 4) The first terminal circuit sees a higher differential pressure than the other terminal circuit (ab at first and ef at last, see Fig 4b). The control valve is selected according to the available differential pressure ab for first and ef for last. Suppose figure 3 represents the circuit EF in fig 4a. The pressure drop ef is 27 ft, including terminal and accessories (9 ft). Then the theoretical pressure drop through the control valve must be 18ft and Cv5 is 9. If the available differential pressure for the first terminal circuit (ab in figure 4b) is 57 ft, the control valve has to be selected for (57-9=) 48 ft pressure drop and its Cv = 5.4. At 50% average flow (Fig 4c), the pipe pressure drop decreases and the pump head increases. The differential pressure for the first terminal circuit increases from


Problem Journal Prompts
Each week I ask students to pick a problem that challenged them, or a topic that excited them, and answer the following prompts in their journal:
 1. What went through your mind when you first encountered the problem?
 2. What was the difficulty and what were you thinking when you met the difficulty? Or what was your error and what were you thinking when you first realized your error?
 3. What helped you to understand how to solve it?
 4. Show how you ended up working it out, and explain your steps and problem solving techniques.
 5. Discuss the problem solving techniques you used and how this solution uses/connects to other topics.
 6. What was your mistake and how/what did you learn from it? What do you think about the problem now that you know how to solve it?


Some premiers are sitting out today's climate change summit in Quebec City, but Saskatchewan Premier Brad Wall is there, talking up the province's efforts to capture and store carbon dioxide.
Wall made a presentation on carbon capture sequestration Tuesday morning. That's the technology being used at the Boundary Dam power station to pump CO2, which is produced by burning coal, deep underground instead of releasing it into the atmosphere.
Wall told an audience that the world needs to follow Saskatchewan's example if there are to be serious reductions in greenhouse emissions.
He noted that Canada is responsible for under two per cent of global CO2 emissions, while China accounts for 24.5 per cent of global emissions.
"We are kidding ourselves if we desire a positive global impact and are not focused on technological solutions to make worldwide base-load generation more sustainable," Wall said in a news release.
A weekend letter from Ottawa called on the provinces to do more about climate change and to provide better data on their progress meeting carbon reduction goals.
Alberta and Saskatchewan have higher-than-average greenhouse emissions per capita because of their oil industries.
However, Alberta Premier Jim Prentice and B.C. Premier Christie Clark are among those who won't be at the meeting.
Ontario is set to announce its participation in a cap-and-trade scheme for reducing emissions, while B.C. has a carbon tax.


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1. The intersection of a vertical line or surface and a horizontal line or surface, or any thing or any action directly or indirectly associated with this, especially an axis.
As a Noun
1. One of two lines on a graph on which the scales of measurement are marked. English = axis.


in something known through this manifest thing as when seeing smoke, we know that there is a fire. The third is belief by analogy as when, in a country with no copper, one uses the example of it being like gold. The fourth is belief in what is taught by saints and sages, as when they say that there are hells, heavens and uttarakuru. Without seeing anything, we believe the words of the holy men and thus know about them.
Such a 'soul' cannot be found amongst these beliefs. It is not found in belief in manifest things, nor in inferential belief, and why? Inferential knowledge means that having previously seen something, you thenceforth know (about) this kind of thing, as for example a man who has previously seen that where there is fire there is smoke, subsequently, seeing only smoke, knows that there is fire. The concept of 'soul' is not like this, for who could first have seen the soul in the combination of the five skandhas, such that afterwards, seeing the five skandhas, he knows that there is a soul?
Suppose you say that there are three kinds of inferential knowledge, the first being 'like the original', the second being 'like the remainder', the third 'seeing together'. 'Like the original' means previously having seen that fire has smoke, seeing smoke now, you know that it is like the original which had fire. 'Like the remainder' means, for example, that when one grain of rice is cooked, you know that the remaining ones are all cooked. 'Seeing together' means, for example, that when you see with your eyes a person going from hereto another place, you also see his going. The sun is like this. It emerges from the east and goes to the west. Although you do not see it going, because a man has the characteristic of going, you know that the sun also has going. In the same way suffering, pleasure, hate, desire, and insight, etc. must also have whatever goes with them. For example, seeing subjects you know that they must rely on some king. But these are all incorrect, and why?
In belief through the characteristic of together-ness, having first seen a person combined with a dharma of 'going' who reaches some other place, when you subsequently see the sun reach another place you know that there is the dharma of 'going'. But there is no prior seeing of the five skandhas combined with a soul, such that subsequently seeing the five skandhas you know that there is a soul. Therefore, no existence of a soul can be established by inferential knowledge of 'together-ness'.
There is no soul to be found within the teachings of the saints either, and why? In the teaching of the saints, what they first see with their eyes, they subsequently expound. And since the saints teach other things which can be believed, we should know that when they speak of the hells, etc., these can be believed in, but it is not so with the soul, for there is no-one who, having previously seen a soul, subsequently speaks of it.
Therefore, you may seek for a soul within all beliefs such as these four types of belief, but you will not be able to find it. Since you cannot find a soul even though you seek for it, no distinct soul exists separate from the five skandhas.
Further, because of the refutation of seeing, seer and seen in the chapter refuting the six sense faculties, the soul is to be refuted in the same way. For if even an eye seeing coarse dharmas cannot be found, how much less can we find a soul by empty delusions, imagination and so forth? For these reasons, we know that there is no self.
'Mine' exists because 'I' exists. If there is no I, then there is no mine. Through putting into practice the holy eight-fold path and extinguishing the causes of I and mine, one attains the firm insight of no I and no mine.
Question: Even though non-self is the truth, what is wrong with teaching, merely as a convention, that there is a self?
Reply: Non-self exists by virtue of the negation of the dharma of self. No fixed self can be found, so how could there be non-self? If there were a fixed non-self, then annihilation of if would give rise to attachment and craving. As it says in the Prajñāpāramitā, if a bodhisattva has a self, he cannot act, and if he has no self, he cannot act.
Question: If it teaches neither self nor non-self, neither emptiness nor non-emptiness, what does the Buddha-dharma teach?
Reply: The Buddha teaches the true character of all dharmas, and within that true character there is no path for verbal expressions, for it extinguishes all mental activity. Mind arises because of the characteristic of grasping, exists because of the rewards and retribution of karma in a previous world, and cannot therefore see the true character of dharmas. The Buddha teaches the cessation of mental activities.
Question: Even though an unenlightened person's mind cannot see the reality, surely a saint's mind can see the reality? Why does he teach the cessation of all mental activities?
Reply: The true character of dharmas is nirvana, and cessation means nirvana. It is in order to point towards nirvana, that cessation is also termed cessation. If one's mind were real, what use would be such ways to liberation as emptiness, etc? Why, amongst all the samadhis would the samadhi of cessation be regarded as the highest, and why ultimately reach nirvana without residue?
Therefore we should know that all mental activities are empty deceptions, and as empty deceptions, should cease. The true character of all dharmas surpasses all dharmas of mental phenomena, has no arising and no ceasing, and has the characteristic of calming and extinction solely.
Question: In the sutras it says that all dharmas, having from the beginning the characteristic of calm extinction are themselves nirvana. Why do you say that they are like nirvana?
Reply: Those who are attached to dharmas classify dharmas into two kinds, some being worldly, some being of nirvana. They say that the nirvana dharmas are calm and extinct, but do not say that the worldly dharmas are calm and extinct. In this treatise it is taught that all dharmas are empty in nature and have the characteristic of calm extinction. Since those who are attached to dharmas do not understand this, nirvana is used as an example. Just as with your assertion that the characteristic of nirvana is emptiness, with no characteristics, calm extinction, and no vain thoughts, so it is with all worldly dharmas.
Question: If the Buddhas do not teach self, non-self, and the cessation of all mental activities and the cutting-off of ways of verbal expression, how do they make people understand the real character of dharmas?
Reply: All the Buddhas have unlimited powers of skilful means, and dharmas have no fixed characteristics. In order to save all living beings, they may teach that everything is real, or they may teach that everything is unreal, or that everything is both real and unreal or that everything is neither unreal nor not unreal. If you search for a real nature of dharmas, you will find that they all enter into the ultimate meaning and become equal, with identical characteristics, which is to say no characteristics, just like streams of different colour and different tastes entering into a great ocean of one colour and one taste, which is to say no taste. At the time when one has not yet penetrated into the true character of dharmas, each one can be contemplated separately as unreal, existing merely by the combinations of conditions. There are three levels of living beings; superior, average and inferior. The superior person sees that the characteristic of dharmas is that they are neither real nor unreal. The average person sees the characteristics of dharmas as either all real, or all unreal. The inferior man, since his powers of perception are limited, sees the characteristics of dharmas as a little real, and a little unreal, regarding nirvana, because it is an inactive dharma and does not perish as real, and regarding samsara, because it is an active dharma, empty and false, as unreal. Neither unreal nor not unreal is taught in order to negate 'both real and unreal'.
(T1564.24a15 Madhyāmikaśāstra)
Your Answer


Help Rallies and Protests Succeed
Mason Cummings, The Wilderness Society
Make a strong showing on rally day
Rallies or demonstrations are a great way to raise visibility for conservation and environmental issues. They can help send messages to decision makers and spread awareness to the public. To be successful, rallies require certain elements. Whether you're an veteran protester or attending your first demonstration, your presence will be welcome. So grab your demonstration sign and get out there. But first, check out our tips below for how you can help make things go smoothly.
Before the rally
At the rally
Organizers often provide tools for making signs, but you can make your own ahead of time to ensure a strong visual statement. If there is a check-in table, be sure to stop by and sign your name to petitions as well as any mailing lists for future events.
After the rally
During and after the rally, keep the buzz going by sharing photos as well as local news stories on your social networks using popular hashtags.
Tag your Congress member to help drive publicity about the event. Share local media posts and leave supportive comments on social news media feeds. Use the comments sections of news stories and social media posts to add critical information that the reporter may have left out.
Climate March 2017, DC
Marching for the climate in Washington, DC
Jonathan Meyers, The Wilderness Society
Tips for success
 1. Demonstrate peacefully
 Be peaceful and respectful to passers by and ignore those who taunt or attempt to incite violence. It goes without saying that you should never damage public property in the course of a protest.
 2. Welcome the media
 Nothing helps amplify your voice like the news media can. If you're approached by a reporter, be willing to talk about why you have come or help the reporter get information. If you're uncomfortable being on camera or being quoted, point the reporter in the direction of an organizer or someone who can serve as an articulate spokesperson in your group.
 3. Stick to the issue
 Whether it's the words on your picket sign or the banter you engage in, you'll want to keep your focus on the issue at hand. Don't get lured into heated dialogue or arguments with passers-by. If the rally is about climate change, keep the focus on climate change.
 4. Be constructive
 When possible focus on solution-oriented messages for picket signs, slogans or chants. Avoid polarizing slogans that don't further the debate in a constructive way. Steer clear of picket signs or banter that spreads false "either-or" arguments. For example, pro-development voices might like the public to believe we must choose between jobs or conservation, but this is a false argument.


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In the early days of space exploration animals were sent into space because scientists didn't know if humans would survive. Some of our closest cousins have boldly been where many of us may never go.
In a year when America has seen its space shuttles go into retirement, Iran's Space Organisation has been firing on all cylinders.
The Iranians had been planning to launch a rocket, Kavoshgar-5, which means Explorer-5 in Farsi, with a 285-kilogram capsule carrying a monkey to an altitude of 120 kilometres (74 miles). But yesterday the country's top space official, Hamid Fazeli said the space monkey's mission had been cancelled.
He said: "One cannot give a set date for this project and as soon as our nation's scientists announce the readiness (of the project) it will be announced.
"Our scientists are exerting continuous efforts on this project… our colleagues are busy with empirical studies and sub-system testing of this project so it is a success."
The capsule was unveiled in February by President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad along with four new prototypes of home-built satellites.
At the time, Fazeli touted the launch of a large animal into space as the first step towards sending a man into orbit, which Tehran says is scheduled for 2020.
So far there's been no explanation as to why the launch was postponed.
The monkey may well be breathing a hefty sigh of relief but other species have been less fortunate.
Last year Iran sent a menagerie of animals into space – a rodent, turtles and (interestingly!) worms. They were packed aboard a capsule carried by its Kavoshgar-3 rocket.
Commenting after last year's launch, a US defence expert said there was no scientific benefit to sending such animals into space.
To test a life-support system of use to humans, "the obvious choice would be to send a monkey," said James Lewis, senior fellow at Washington-based Centre for Strategic and International Studies. "Worms in space serve no purpose. The launch was clearly part of Iran's effort to advance military technology and assert political dominance in space."
Press TV quoted Iranian space officials saying live video transmission and telemetry allowed the rat or mouse – named Helmz-1 – turtles and worms to be monitored during their space voyage.
The Fars news agency reported that the animals had returned to Earth and were being studied by scientists. Whether this was alive or dead, I'm not sure!
The Islamic republic has not been afraid of publicising its ambitious space programme. Its first satellite was put into orbit in 2009. But this growing confidence has raised concerns in the west that these ambitions may be linked to developing a ballistic missile capability that could deliver nuclear warheads.
Tehran has repeatedly denied that its contentious nuclear and scientific programmes mask military ambitions.
Iranian officials have also pointed to America's use of satellites to monitor conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq and say they need similar capabilities for their security.


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If you're considering taking Effexor for weight loss, you may be wondering if it's effective. Here's what you need to know about Effexor and weight loss.
Checkout this video:
Effexor (venlafaxine) is a prescription medication used to treat depression, anxiety, and panic disorders. Effexor boosts serotonin levels in the brain, which helps improve mood. It's also thought to have other effects on brain chemicals that contribute to weight loss.
What is Effexor?
Effexor is the brand name for venlafaxine, a prescription drug used to treat major depression, anxiety, panic disorder, and social anxiety disorder. Effexor boosts serotonin levels in the brain, which helps improve mood.
Effexor is part of a class of drugs known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Other drugs in this class include fluoxetine (Prozac), sertraline (Zoloft), and paroxetine (Paxil).
Effexor is available in immediate-release and extended-release tablets. The immediate-release tablets are taken two or three times a day. The extended-release tablets are taken once daily, with or without food.
Weight loss as a side effect of Effexor
Effexor (venlafaxine) is a prescription medication used to treat depression, anxiety, and social
anxiety disorder. It's a type of antidepressant known as a serotonin-norepinephrine
reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). Effexor works by increasing the natural levels of two chemicals in
the brain — serotonin and norepinephrine — which helps to improve mood and relieve anxiety.
Weight loss is a common side effect of this medication. In clinical studies, up to 5 percent of
people taking Effexor XR (venlafaxine extended-release) reported weight loss. However, it's not
known how often weight loss occurs in people taking the regular version of Effexor (venlafaxine
There are several possible explanations for why Effexor might cause weight loss. One possibility
is that the drug may interfere with the body's ability to absorb and use nutritional fat. Another
possibility is that Effexor may increase thermogenesis, which is the production of heat by the
body. This increased heat production may cause you to burn more calories and lose weight as a result.
It's also possible that Effexor causes weight loss by affecting appetite or by increasing the body's metabolism.
How common is weight loss with Effexor?
There is no definite answer as to whether or not Effexor causes weight loss. Some people experience weight loss as a side effect of taking Effexor, while others may not notice any change in their weight. It is thought that weight loss may occur more commonly in people who are already overweight or obese when they start taking Effexor. Effexor may also cause other side effects that could lead to weight loss, such as nausea, fatigue, and decreased appetite. If you are concerned about losing weight while taking Effexor, talk to your doctor about ways to manage your weight.
What other side effects does Effexor cause?
Effexor, also known as venlafaxine, is a prescription medication used to treat depression, anxiety, social anxiety disorder and panic disorder. Effexor belongs to a class of drugs called selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). These medications work by increasing the levels of serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain.
Effexor is available in both immediate-release and extended-release tablets. The extended-release tablets are designed to be taken once daily, while the immediate-release tablets can be taken two or three times per day.
Common side effects of Effexor include nausea, vomiting, increased sweating, headache, dry mouth and loss of appetite. However, weight loss is also a common side effect of Effexor.
In most cases, weight loss associated with Effexor occurs during the first few weeks of treatment. However, some people may continue to experience weight loss for several months after starting treatment with Effexor.
If you are concerned about weight loss while taking Effexor, talk to your doctor or healthcare provider.
Effexor does appear to cause weight loss in some people, but it's not known how common this side effect is. If you're concerned about your weight while taking Effexor, talk to your doctor. They can help you determine if your weight loss is due to the medication or other factors.


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On Air Staff and WPM Interns
Tue March 29, 2005
New Education Website Panned
Laramie, Wy – The Wyoming Department of education says a new website can be helpful, but they say it should not be the gospel when it comes to how well students are doing in the state. The website called school matters-dot-com is a product of Standard and Poor's. It is intended to help citizens see how education locally and statewide compares. Citizens may also make a similar comparison across the country. But that makes state school officials concerned because of the way some of the numbers are compiled. Vince Meyer of the Wyoming department of education says state officials have tried for years to separate out specific subject areas, so that parents and others can see how students are doing. Meyer says this website takes a different approach. (In Wyoming) we have a reading section, a writing section and a math section. They (Standard and Poor's) have collapsed all of that down into a single score, not only across subjects but also across grades.
Meyer says that makes it difficult to accurate comparisons and comparisons in context. However, Meyer still thinks there is enough information on the site that people can get some use from it.


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Past, Present and Future of Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments
Summary: Past, Present and Future of Ambient
Intelligence and Smart Environments
Juan Carlos Augusto1
University of Ulster, Jordanstown, United Kingdom _EMAIL_
Summary. We are gradually making a transition to a new era where computers
become truly intertwined with our daily lives. Up to not so long ago, we were able
to know clearly where computers were and in which way they affected our lives.
This has been gradually blurred and now computing devices of various types are
all around us, embedded in different objects we interact with and in that way they
influence our lives. There are indications that this trend is irreversible and that
computing and society will now interact with each other in far richer ways than
before, to the point that computing will become transparent to humans and still
intrinsically involved in our daily living. This paper provides a brief overview of the
evolution of these fields, describes some of the current developments, and points at
some of the immediate challenges that researchers in these area face.
1 The Past
For centuries humans have witnessed scientific and technological leaps that
changed the lives of their generation, and those to come, forever. We are no
exception. In fact so much of those advances are occurring now, in a more or
less unperceived way. Slowly and silently technology is becoming interwoven
Source: Augusto, Juan Carlos - School of Computing and Mathematics, University of Ulster at Jordanstown
Collections: Computer Technologies and Information Sciences


text:
Author(s): Tomera JF, Lilford K, Friend KD, Kukulka SP, Harakal C
Abstract Share this page
Abstract At present, the significance of calcium accumulation in the aetiology of coronary artery disease (CAD) in humans is not known, except only to exacerbate the condition. In an attempt to understand ionic disturbances in vasculature derived from cardiovascular abnormalities, soft tissues from hypertensive models were examined. The study hypothesis was to see if basic cardiovascular regulatory sites in hypertensive models accumulated greater amounts of Ca2+. Calcium levels were measured by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry in tissue derived from two types of hypertensive rabbits. Both models of hypertension developed mean arterial pressures of at least 50 mm Hg greater than those of controls over a 5-wk period. Significant increases in calcium levels were found in left ventricle and aorta derived from both hypertensive groups compared with controls. Renal cortex and medulla were not significantly different among any of the groups. These levels corroborate the findings of others which show increased calcium levels in cardiovascular tissues in experimental hypertension in rabbits. Although there have been several studies that have shown the relationship between calcium, hypertension and CAD, this is the first study to look at calcium accumulation rather that the effects of calcium channel blockers. The link between hypertension and calcium accumulation in a number of tissues may be important in the development of CAD and other cardiac dysfunction.
This article was published in Food Chem Toxicol
and referenced in Biochemistry & Analytical Biochemistry


How do you determine someone's birth arcana?
Is it by their Zodiac sign or birth month + day or birth+ the first and last to numbers of the year? While both methods give me the devil, I just want to know the correct method.
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First, take your date of birth and add the day, month, the first two numbers in the year as well as the last two numbers in the year. If it turns out to be a three digit number, then it needs to simplified. To do this, you take the 1st two digits and add it to the last digit.
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So your saying the numbers are the correct method?
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Susie Lowndes
Shared Lines: Wellington 2017 & Shared Lines: Kaikōura 2019 exhibiting artist
Susie Lowndes was born in Adelaide, South Australia but spent her childhood living between the Gold Coast and the UK. At various times her family moved to England (where her parents were from) and she schooled in both places. Life in England seemed to be of stark contrast to Australia.
Perhaps as a result of this dual existence, a fascination with dichotomies and an engagement of opposition has been a consistent theme throughout the work of S.Lowndes. The exploration of the dual existence of a particular state of being, a set of beliefs or aesthetic, alongside its antithesis: the idea that one requires its direct opposite in order to exist has prevailed.
As an adult, she chose to move back to England from Australia and then eventually visited and settled in New Zealand. She has studied painting and fine art in Brisbane, London and Wellington and now resides in the foothills of the Kaikoura Ranges.
She has exhibited in Brisbane, London, Auckland and Wellington.
Dichotomy: something with seemingly contradictory qualities.
Through studies in Brisbane and London, my earlier work seeks to achieve a level of technical competency and is thorough in its exploration of the western conventions of painting. The work aims to engage the viewer through its representative, emotive and technical qualities and focuses on the individual, animal or nature.
Between 2014 and 2017, after receiving a postgraduate scholarship to further my fine art studies, I sought polarity and the work has evolved markedly. Instead of working within the Western conventions of painting, born largely from the Renaissance period, the notion of anti-vision is explored and paint was utilised as material only. It no longer had the job of representation.
The conventions of representation, realism, composition and perspective were ignored. The idea that a painting consists of an identifiable figure or object painted upon a ground is removed and atmospheric depth has been eradicated. In fact, the strongest endeavour to embark upon the exploration of the antithesis of these conventions has been realised. There is no reference to anything outside of the work and meaning lies only within the work. The resulting ambiguity invites the viewer to engage in the process of trying to unravel and make sense of how the work was created. There is no longer an obvious timeline to the painting process, that is, background painted, a mark or figure placed on top, but instead figure and ground are in a state of flux and are constantly shifting. They become one another. Figure, shape or line, is created not by painting upon an existing surface but is produced by ruptures within the surface. Painting is, at this point, no longer an aesthetic pursuit, but an intellectual one. It no longer seeks to represent nature but explores the cultural notion of challenging what has been before.
In order to reach the realisation of this current work, a contradistinction has been made to previous learnings and these works can only exist because of them.


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Renowned photographer Douglas Kirkland explores the process of shooting a series of photos that connect to tell a story.
Renowned photographer Douglas Kirkland discusses the art of photographing kids ranging from toddlers to preteens, both alone and together with parents and siblings.
Well-known photographer Douglas Kirkland discusses the importance of keeping your mind and eye open for photographic opportunities, regardless of the kind of camera on-hand.
Photographer Douglas Kirkland uses a large-format film camera to shoot portraits.
Photographer Douglas Kirkland uses a medium-format film camera to shoot a portrait for Kodak's "OnFilm" series, which features portraits of directors, cinematographers, and other major players in the film industry.
Douglas Kirkland talks with his friend and colleague, Gerd Ludwig, a photojournalist best known for his National Geographic coverage of the former Soviet Union and Chernobyl, about his work and career.
Well-known photographer Douglas Kirkland demonstrates studio portraiture techniques, from lighting to working with a model.
Renowned photographer Douglas Kirkland shows how to shoot photographs for publication.
Well-known photographer Douglas Kirkland explains how he works with natural lighting and how to best take advantage of it for portraiture.
Offers insight into Douglas Kirkland's photographs and inspirations.


What Is The Opposite Of Regenerate?
What is the opposite word of replenish?
Antonyms: waste, empty, exhaust, reduce, drain, impoverish..
What is another word for regenerate?
In this page you can discover 27 synonyms, antonyms, idiomatic expressions, and related words for regenerate, like: exhilarate, restore, revive, reform, reborn, renew, invigorate, recreate, redeem, refresh and renovate.
What is an antonym for recover?
recover. Antonyms: lose, forfeit, miss, sacrifice, deteriorate, impair, decay, decline, relapse. Synonyms: regain, repossess, resume, retrieve, recruit, heal, cure, revive, restore, reanimate, save.
What's a word for feeling empty?
What does relinquish mean?
verb (used with object) to renounce or surrender (a possession, right, etc.): to relinquish the throne. to give up; put aside or desist from: to relinquish a plan. to let go; release: to relinquish one's hold.
What is replenish hair?
what it does… Replenish Hair. hair that goes through a lot on a day-to-day basis. Replenishes nutrient-depleted strands, reverses damage, and protects your hair from environmental stressors with a blend of natural, hair-healthy ingredients. Nourish Roots.
What does replenished mean?
to make full or complete again, as by supplying what is lacking, used up, etc.: to replenish one's stock of food. to supply (a fire, stove, etc.) with fresh fuel. to fill again or anew.
What is a replenishment amount?
Your replenishment amount is your average monthly toll usage.
What can I say instead of sad?
How do you fill the emptiness?
Here are 4 ways to fill the emptiness in your life:Dig deep down within yourself to understand your feelings. We can't solve the problem if we don't first understand it. … Allow yourself some sort of outlet for your emotions. … Commit to loving yourself, no matter what. … Get involved in activities that make you happy.
What do you call a person who has no emotions?
Specialty. Psychiatry. Alexithymia is a personality trait characterized by the subclinical inability to identify and describe emotions experienced by one's self or others. The core characteristic of alexithymia is marked dysfunction in emotional awareness, social attachment, and interpersonal relation.


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Crossing Large Gaps And Chasms
The following trick is a simple way to cross large gaps if you cannot figure out how to solve the puzzle (for example, catapults). Re-allocate your skill points, if needed, to equip Zoya with the low gravity arrows and Amadeus with the Conjure 2 or higher abilities. Create a low gravity field and suspend one of Amadeus's boxes within it, refire the low grav arrows, and reposition the box as needed to center the bubble over the chasm. Suspend two or more of Amadeus's boxes within the field to create a bridge. With some practice, you can move the low gravity field with you as you jump from box to box.
Super Mario Surprise
Work your way through the first half or so of the secret Dwarven Caverns stage and you'll reach an area where you can use a drill machine to access a switch that will open the pathway allowing you to advance. That switch is located in the room's lower right corner, and you may notice a door just beyond it that appears to be a dead end. A double jump will allow you to pass the door, though, and beyond it you'll find a cool Easter Egg that pays homage to Super Mario Bros.


_USER_ {338, title = {Burden and correlates of disability and functional impairment in an urban community}, journal = {International Journal of Medicine and Public Health}, volume = {5}, year = {2015}, month = {January 2015}, pages = {82-85}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {82}, abstract = {
Introduction: The risk of developing chronic diseases and general disability increases with aging, resulting in loss of functioning ability and decrease in performing optimally. Early diagnosis of impairment and disability may improve the quality of life of elderly and enable them to lead a full and productive life. The study is a part of a larger study done in an urban area of Delhi. Materials and Methods: Systematic random sampling was used to select a cross-sectional sample of the study subjects \>20 years and above. Locomotor, Visual Hearing and Speech were assessed using the guidelines given in gazette of India, extraordinary, part II section. Visual disability was measured by the presenting visual acuity in the field area using Snellens chart using WHO guidelines. Result and Conclusion: A total of 120 study subjects out of 1300 screened were in geriatric age group. The overall magnitude of the physical disability was 43.3\% among elderly. Visual disability was most common form of disability (60\%). Many study subjects were suffering from \>1 disability, but treatment was sought only in 50\% of disabilities. Treatment seeking for disabilities is an important and neglected issue leading to severe degree of disabilities that would be prevented if taken care of, in due time. A multidimensional approach for prevention is the need of the hour.
}, keywords = {Impairment, physical disability, treatment seeking, visual disability}, doi = {10.4103/2230-8598.151268}, author = {Anika Sulania and Jyoti Khandekar and Seetharamiah Nagesh} }


NCover Documentation
To enable source code highlighting:
 1. Make sure the developer generates PDBs when the source code is compiled, whether in Debug or Release mode.
 2. Make sure the path to the source files is the same as it was on the development machine. There are ways to make this work if the path is not the same, but putting the files in the same path is the easiest solution.
 3. When coverage runs, NCover.Analyze calls into the dbghelp.dll, which is the same one used by the Windows debugger, WinDbg. Tthe technique that WinDbg uses is not published in detail, but here is the basic sequence.
 a. First, look in the same directory as the DLL. This is the most common location for PDBs.
 b. Next, look in the directories that are specified by _NT_SYMBOL_PATH:
 c. Finally, if a symbol server is specified in the _NT_SYMBOL_PATH, then try to download PDBs from the symbol server.
 4. The PDBs contain the sequence point information and the location of the source files. So, if the source files are in the same location as on the machine that compiled the PDBs, then NCover 4 will be able to display the source files and highlighting.
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var DEST_VALUE = 1
How can i check whether the variable holds some value or not. When i do this, it does not work...
share|improve this question
This will work as expected - neither if condition will evaluate to true so the inner code will never be hit. What are you trying to achieve? – Chris Francis Jun 28 '11 at 10:37
if(!DEST_VALUE) is same as if(DEST_VALUE == null), and from the code this will always be false. So it will not produce any result. – Talha Ahmed Khan Jun 28 '11 at 10:40
possible duplicate of How can I test whether a variable has a value in JavaScript? – Felix Kling Jun 28 '11 at 10:42
_USER_ Not strictly true - if DEST_VALUE was 0 it would also evaluate to true. – Chris Francis Jun 28 '11 at 10:43
_USER_: "if(!DEST_VALUE) is same as if(DEST_VALUE == null)" No, it doesn't. For instance,!0 is true but 0 == null is false. More to the point, though, if (!DEST_VALUE) has nothing to do with null unless DEST_VALUE happens to be null (in which case, the expression is true). It's about coercing the given value to a boolean, not comparing it to null. – T.J. Crowder Jun 28 '11 at 10:45
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3 Answers
up vote 4 down vote accepted
Of course it doesn't do anything, because in your example DEST_VALUE resolves to true like APPDAYS_AFTER. Value that resolve to false when converted to a boolean in javascript are:
The empty string ''
The number 0
The number NaN (yep, 'Not a Number' is a number, it is a special number)
if you write
 txtSiteId.value = fileContents.Settings.SiteID;
you write "if DEST_VALUE is not true do something" (in your case it does nothing). If you want to check if a variables hold a value:
if(DEST_VALUE!== undefined){
 //do something
share|improve this answer
This will throw an ReferenceError as you may not reference variables that are not declared in JS. See my answer for a solution. – Steffen Müller Jun 28 '11 at 10:43
_USER_: The question clearly shows the variables being declared. – T.J. Crowder Jun 28 '11 at 10:47
But what about FileNotFound??? thedailywtf.com/Articles/What_Is_Truth_0x3f_.aspx – cwallenpoole Jun 28 '11 at 10:52
add comment
I use such function to check if variable is empty or not:
function empty( mixed_var ) {
 return ( typeof(mixed_var) === 'undefined' || mixed_var === "" || mixed_var === 0 || mixed_var === "0" || mixed_var === null || mixed_var === false );
share|improve this answer
Why would you do all this?!myVar checks for 'falsy' values, not just explicit false (such as myVar === false), so you don't need a bloated function to do the same as the native language capabilities. – Chris Francis Jun 28 '11 at 10:39
By the way, a string representation of "0" shouldn't evaluate to false, only an empty string... – Chris Francis Jun 28 '11 at 10:40
_USER_: Well, it's his function, he can do that if it matches his definition of "empty". It doesn't match mine, but... :-) – T.J. Crowder Jun 28 '11 at 10:48
Yes - that function was changed several times and you can see the final result. Why!myVar is not used - because all is not so simple. I had some issues when it worked not as I expected too. – Andron Jun 29 '11 at 21:33
add comment
I assume you mean "holds some value" like in "the variable has been created so it exists", right? Otherwise, your approach works perfectly fine.
If you want to check whether a variable exists in javascript, you have to check its parent object for the property - otherwise the script will fail. Each object in javascript belongs to a parent object, even if it seems to be global (then, it belongs to the window object). So, try something like:
 if (window.DEST_VALUE)
 // do something
share|improve this answer
add comment
Your Answer


text:
Women who live in neighborhoods lacking in close ties are more likely to have coronary artery calcification, a key marker for underlying heart disease, than those who live in more socially cohesive neighborhoods, according to a study led by Harvard School of Public Health (HSPH) researcher Daniel Kim. Women who lived in the most economically deprived neighborhoods had more than double the odds of underlying heart disease.
The study was published online last month in the American Journal of Epidemiology.
Men appeared to be less affected by their social environments, with only those living in the poorest neighborhoods showing an impact. The study adds to the growing body of evidence that the physical and social environments in which people live and work can play a big role in health.
The researchers examined health data from nearly 3,000 women and men aged 32 to 50 participating in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study and living in four United States urban areas: Birmingham, Alabama; Chicago; Minneapolis; and Oakland, Calif. They found heart artery calcification in about 11 percent of the women and 29 percent of the men. Perceived neighborhood cohesion was based on a survey in which study participants were asked to rate how well their neighbors get along and trust one another. Also taken into account in the study were Census data on income, education, and occupation grouped at the neighborhood level.
"This is the first study to look at the relations between neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation and low social cohesion with coronary calcification in the United States," said Kim. "Our findings are striking in that they show that these neighborhood factors can predict underlying heart disease in people without symptoms, as early as middle age."
According to the researchers, social cohesion, defined as strong, trusting relationships between neighbors, can improve people's health by lowering stress and depression, fostering the sharing and reinforcing of healthy behaviors, and strengthening a neighborhood's effectiveness in advocating for improvements in local services. Weak social cohesion took a toll on women's health in both rich and poor neighborhoods, which may be related to women spending more time in their neighborhoods than men due to domestic roles such as raising a child and household chores, magnifying their exposures to any neighborhood hazards, according to the study.
"If these neighborhood effects are in fact present," said Kim, "interventions and policies to reduce the gaps in neighborhood social and economic conditions may be powerful ways to address the higher risks of heart disease and other conditions such as obesity that those living in poorer neighborhoods disproportionately appear to face."
Ichiro Kawachi, professor of social epidemiology and chair, Department of Society, Human Development, and Health at HSPH, was a co-author of the study.
Tags: genetics, genomics


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The Environmental Atlas of Europe presents a series of nine stories told through short films, images and texts. They showcase how communities are responding to environmental change across Europe, transforming their lives for a more sustainable future. The Atlas is a joint project of the EEA, the United Nations Environment Programme and the European Space Agency, with Microsoft supporting its presentation on the web.


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In Hidden Dimensions, the player controls a base capable of launching ships, deploying structures and performing actions. Ships, structures and actions are represented by a deck of cards.
Structures are your main source of energy, which is needed to play ships or perform actions. Ships can both defend your base or attack the ships or base of your opponent. Actions provide you with various ways of harming your opponent, defending yourself, modifying your ships and much more.As players starts the game for the first time, they' ll be presented with a very short introduction in their first battle, additional and more detailed instructions are available in-game. A series of achievements allow the player to unlock an additional 160 cards, bringing the total number of unique cards in the game to 232, divided over 8 sets (one for each of the alien races in Hidden Dimensions) and an extra set of relic and artifact cards. The game features a semi-random deck generator, capable of generating thousands of unique decks built around the races their prime strategies. Premade decks are available and additional ones become unlocked through achievements. Times played:
4,3 MbAuthor: FabivsGenre: RPG
8 years and 58 days ago.