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GamCare has notified stakeholders that the English Gambling Education Hub (EGEH) has published its first Insights Report after its initial networking event. The topic was the effectiveness of collaboration in addressing gambling harms among young people.
EGEH is a cross-collaboration research hub formed of seven organisations funded by GambleAware – including GamCare, Aquarius, ARA, Recovery for All, Beacon Counselling Trust, Breakeven, NECA, and YGAM – working to minimise youth problem gambling risks.
In March, a maiden research event was held by the EGEH, attracting a hundred professionals from education, health, voluntary, and local authority sectors.
The assembly of experts in mental health, suicide prevention, youth work, and those offering training, support, and treatment for gambling-related harms manifested a shared commitment to raising awareness about the risks of gambling among young people.
The event served as an introduction to the Hub emphasising the pivotal role of collaboration in their mission: to provide clear, consistent, and quality information to facilitate and embed gambling education accessible to all.
In the light of the UK Gambling Commission's (UKGC) 2022 estimate, which identified 0.9% of 11 to 16-year-olds as engaging in harmful gambling and an additional 2.4% at risk, this issue warrants urgent attention.
EGEH events are orchestrated to provoke thoughtful discussion and shared learning among network professionals. This collaborative effort aims to enhance service accessibility and cultivate age-appropriate resources while ensuring that the voices of young people remain central to the discourse.
The inaugural event allowed stakeholders to identify four central themes pivotal to its shared goal. Firstly, initiatives designed for young people are more likely to succeed when young people are actively involved in their development. This inclusive approach ensures that strategies are tailored to their needs and perspectives.
Secondly, the dangers of gambling to young people are very real and complex, with cross-sectoral links between this concealed harm and other risky behaviours and challenges faced by young people. This emphasises the necessity of cross-sectoral collaboration to comprehensively tackle this issue.
Thirdly, the participants acknowledged the challenges of securing funding in the voluntary sector. The competition for resources can act as a barrier to progress. A cohesive strategy, sharing resources and creativity, was seen as the key to overcoming this obstacle.
Finally, the importance of reaching out to diverse communities was underlined. The need to identify these communities, understand their unique situations, and connect with them effectively is vital for collaboration and the overall mission of EGEH.
After successfully hosting two networking events, the EGEH's commitment to expanding its network and impact is unwavering. The Hub is already moving towards its goal of providing consistent, quality information to help embed gambling education and make it accessible for all. It is simultaneously working to ensure that the insights gained directly from young people about how to connect with them for greater impact are woven into their strategies.
Moreover, the EGEH plans to leverage evidence-based approaches from partner organisations to tackle this issue effectively. With the focus on forging stronger partnerships, harnessing the power of collaboration, and using the insights derived from these engagements.
The EGEH is poised to play a crucial role in preventing gambling-related harms among young people taking on an inclusive approach to bring about positive change in this critical area.


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November 19, 2010
Ordered Hashes in Ruby
Today, while playing a story in my web app development project, I felt the need to have an ordered hash in Ruby 1.8.7. Argh, this version of Ruby doesn't have ordered hash at all! Surprisingly enough, JRuby versions 1.3.1 or 1.5.1 preserves insertion order.
The way Ruby 1.8.7 hash behaves:
The way Ruby 1.9.1 hash behaves:
The way JRuby 1.3.1 hash behaves:
Coming back to our problem, how do I do have something like Ordered Hash data structure with Ruby 1.8.7? There are several libraries that either extend or replace Ruby's Hash. OrderedHash and RubyFacets being some of the famous ones. However, if you are developing a web application using Rails, then you have to search no where - just use Rails' ActiveSupport::OrderedHash. All you need to use it is
require 'active_support/ordered_hash' in your class/module
With Ruby 1.9, this wouldn't be a problem because Ruby 1.9 preserves the insertion order into the data structure. This only gives me foolish happiness for a second or two, after which my academic reasoning onsets bringing sinking unhappiness for the Ruby 1.9 preserving hash ordering by default. Should my prediction go right (or wish come true???) this will revert back to the way it was in Ruby 1.8.* and to solve this problem of having an ordered hash data structure, Ruby future version might have something like OrderedHash, the way Rails has one.
SIDE NOTE: A hash (table/map) is a data structure for storing items in key/value pairs using a hash function. Ideally, the hash function guarantees to map each key to a unique slot index. With this data structure, the average cost of lookup/insertion/deletion for an element remains constant irrespective of the number of elements that this data structure holds. Understandably for this reason this data structure is used in many softwares like databases, caches.
Recommended Books:
The Ruby Programming Language Programming Ruby 1.9: The Pragmatic Programmers' Guide (Facets of Ruby) The Well-Grounded Rubyist


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Quality in Teaching
Students and teachers participate in programme quality policies through regular monitoring and assessment activities based on indicators provided by the Ministry of Education (MIUR).
As Quality Assurance policies and procedures are student-centred. Inline with this the University has provided a training course divided into 4 modules for the students of the University.
Quality Assurance (QA) in Teaching is the process that, by defining objectives, concrete actions and checks, allows the University to constantly improve its academic offering in compliance with its quality policy.
The System for Quality Assurance in Teaching has the following key objectives:
- to guarantee that the quality of teaching is well documented, so that it may be verified and assessed;
- to facilitate access to information, making it clear and easy to understand for students, families and representatives of the job world;
- to promote the continuous improvement of Study Programmes.
Pursuant to current legislation, a two-step accreditation procedure applies to Study Programmes:
- mandatory initial accreditation by 15 June of each academic year
- periodic accreditation every three years, to confirm that the educational offering is sustainable and in line with teaching, research, structural, organizational, economic-financial and quality assurance requirements.
The Quality Assurance Board and Independent Evaluation Unit also play a fundamental role in the Quality Assurance process.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Moving the area of interest in the Reviewer Overview window
The area of interest is a hatched area in the Reviewer Overview window that represents the extent of the data in the map. For example, to navigate the map, you can move the area of interest rather than panning in the map. When a polygon grid is used to navigate the map, and you are moving from one cell to the next, the area of interest moves to the corresponding cell.
- Start ArcMap.
- If necessary, load data in the map.
- On the main menu, click Customize > Toolbars > Data Reviewer.
Click the Reviewer Overview Window button on the Data Reviewer toolbar.
The Reviewer Overview Window appears as a docked window in ArcMap.
- Right-click in the Reviewer Overview window and click Adjust Map Extent.
- Click the hatched area and drag it to a different place in the grid or Reviewer Overview window.
The map refreshes to reflect the change in area of interest.


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United States is one of the biggest markets for artificial lift systems. This is so because of the increased usage in the hydraulic fracturing method to extract oil. Artificial lift is a process used on oil wells to increase pressure within the reservoir and encourage oil to the surface. When the natural drive energy of the reservoir is not strong enough to push the oil to the surface, artificial lift is employed to recover more production. While some wells contain enough pressure for oil to rise to the surface without stimulation, most don't, requiring artificial lift. In fact, 96% of the oil wells in the US require artificial lift from the very beginning.
Even those wells that initially posses natural flow to the surface, that pressure depletes over time, and artificial lift is then required. Therefore, artificial lift is generally performed on all wells at some time during their production life. Although there are several methods to achieve artificial lift, the two main categories of artificial lift include pumping systems and gas lifts. The most common type of artificial lift pump system applied is beam pumping, which engages equipment on and below the surface to increase pressure and push oil to the surface. Consisting of a sucker rod string and a sucker rod pump, beam pumps are the familiar jack pumps seen on onshore oil wells.
Another artificial lift pumping system, hydraulic pumping equipment applies a downhole hydraulic pump, rather than sucker rods, which lift oil to the surface. Here, the production is forced against the pistons, causing pressure and the pistons to lift the fluids to the surface. Similar to the physics applied in waterwheels powering old-fashion gristmills, the natural energy within the well is put to work to raise the production to the surface Electric submersible pump systems employ a centrifugal pump below the level of the reservoir fluids. Connected to a long electric motor, the pump is composed of several impellers, or blades, that move the fluids within the well. The whole system is installed at the bottom of the tubing string. An electric cable runs the length of the well, connecting the pump to a surface source of electricity.
What the Report Offers
1. Market Definition for the specified topic along with identification of key drivers and restraints for the market.
2. Market analysis for the global artificial lift systems Market, with region specific assessments and competition analysis on a global and regional scale.
3. Identification of factors instrumental in changing the market scenarios, rising prospective opportunities and identification of key companies which can influence the market on a global and regional scale.
4. Extensively researched competitive landscape section with profiles of major companies along with their share of markets.
5. Identification and analysis of the Macro and Micro factors that affect the global artificial lift systems market on both global and regional scale.
6. A comprehensive list of key market players along with the analysis of their current strategic interests and key financial information.
1. Executive Summary
2. Research Approach and Methodology
3. Market Overview
3.2 Market Size and Demand Forecast to 2023 (in USD billion)
3.3 Recent Trends and Developments
4. Market Dynamics
5. PESTLE Analysis
6. Porter's Five Forces Framework
6.1 Bargaining Power of Suppliers
6.2 Bargaining Power of Consumers
6.3 Threat of New Entrants
6.4 Threat of Substitute Products and Services
6.5 Competitive Rivalry
7. United States Artificial Lift Systems Market Analysis, by Deployment
7.1.1 Market Overview
7.1.2 Market Size and Demand Forecast to 2023 (in USD billion)
7.2.1 Market Overview
7.2.2 Market Size and Demand Forecast to 2023 (in USD billion)
8. United States Artificial Lift Systems Market Analysis, by Type
8.1 Electric Submersible Pump Systems
8.1.2 Market Size and Demand Forecast to 2023 (in USD billion)
8.2 Rod Lift Systems
8.2.2 Market Size and Demand Forecast to 2023 (in USD billion)
8.3 Progressing Cavity Pump Lifting Systems
8.3.2 Market Size and Demand Forecast to 2023 (in USD billion)
8.4 Gas-Lift Systems
8.4.2 Market Size and Demand Forecast to 2023 (in USD billion)
8.5.2 Market Size and Demand Forecast to 2023 (in USD billion)
9. Key Company Analysis
9.1 Baker Hughes, a GE Co.
9.2 Dover Corporation
9.3 Weatherford International Ltd
9.4 Halliburton Company
9.5 National Oilwell Varco Inc.
9.6 Schlumberger Limited
10. Competitive Landscape
10.1 Mergers & Acquisitions
10.2 Joint Ventures, Collaborations and Agreements
11. Future of the Market
12.1 Contact Us


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French artist Marc Giai-Miniet has been creating for over 50 years, and over that time has accumulated a variety of titles from hobbyist, painter, printmaker, draftsman, and a "pipe puller" of symbols. His never-ending large scale dioramas which he calls "boxes" are almost Escher like. They take us through theatrical stages of industrial rooms; dusty libraries, attics, and winding, nonsensical machinery. These creepy post-disastrous events or crime scenes are beautiful in their destruction, similar to Lori Nix (covered here). Pops of color guide the eye throughout, but with no relief of an exit. Upon close inspection, one can find human organs and tiny, flickering flames of cast iron ovens. Ovens and submarines are common motifs found on the bottom floors, often surrounded by burnt books. The concept of book burning has a long history, culturally motivated by moral, religious, or political objections to the material. In this cold environment, their burning also provides warmth.
In one piece, a large metal brain seems to power the entire scene through a series of tubes. The image recalls Pierre Jeunet's The City of Lost Children– a film visually inspired by connectivity whose main antagonist was a brain living on an ocean rig. Jeunet used long uninterrupted shots to create a continuous narrative about cause and effect, much like Miniet. Miniet's work has gone on to inspire his own films, such as Living Memories, shot in the décor of his boxes. Despite their gloomy emptiness, Miniet creates a visual experience that suggests a former life. This extends the work to the viewer's imagination left to piece the mystery together.


An important aspect of any space instrument is calibration. This means knowing and understanding the performance of the instrument in terms of sensitivity, resolution, noise factors. Even when these aspects are known, the work continues, as various parameters change with time, temperature and radiation dose in space. So calibration is a combination of testing the instrument before launch against known standards, and monitoring performance in orbit (e.g. regular specific observations of standard astronomical objects). At MSSL we have calibration experts whose role is to monitor and maintain the performance of instruments using a combination of pre-launch and in-flight testing and monitoring.
Currently we are involved with the in-orbit calibration and monitoring of:
Page last modified on 09 sep 11 12:03


One Who Knows Me: An Interview
Anna M. Shields has written a marvelous book on friendship, literature, and history in medieval China. One Who Knows Me: Friendship and Literary Culture in Mid-Tang China (Harvard University Press, 2015) is the first book-length study of friendship in the Chinese tradition. Focusing on the period from the 790s through the 820s, it asks how writing on friendship both reflected & shaped broader transformations in mid-Tang literary culture, and it weaves together historical and literary analyses in offering its answers. To hear us talking about it for the NBEAS podcast, head over to this link.


How Do I Export A Vector In Illustrator?
Is PNG a high resolution?
PNG graphics are optimized for the screen.
How do I export a logo in Illustrator?
Export these Logo File Formats from Print Illustrator File:Select "Illustrator EPS (eps)" as your Format.Be sure to check/select "Use Artboards", and check/select "All" so it exports all individual artboards.In your Final Logos folder, create a sub folder named "Print" and then click "Save"More items…•
How do I convert an image to vector?
Step 1: Pick an Image to Convert to Vector. … Step 2: Select an Image Trace Preset. … Step 3: Vectorize the Image With Image Trace. … Step 4: Fine Tune Your Traced Image. … Step 5: Ungroup Colors. … Step 6: Edit Your Vector Image. … Step 7: Save Your Image.
How do I make a logo transparent?
How do I create a vector in Illustrator?
How To Add Vector Images Into Adobe IllustratorStep 1: Go to File > Open, or press Ctrl + O. The Open dialog box will appear.Step 2: Find the vector image.Step 3: Select the vector and click on Open. You can also double-click the file name.
Is Adobe Illustrator vector based?
These two programs have a lot in common but their differences are bigger than their similarities. Photoshop is based on pixels while Illustrator works using vectors. Photoshop is raster-based and uses pixels to create images. … Illustrator works off vectors, these are points used to create perfectly smooth lines.
Is a PNG a vector file?
How do I export a vector transparent background in Illustrator?
Transparent Background in Adobe IllustratorGo to the Document Setup under the "File" menu. … Make sure that "Transparency" is selected as the background and not "Artboard." Artboard will give you a white background.Select the transparency preferences you prefer. … Choose Export under the "File" menu.Save the file as a PNG.Select your PNG options.More items…•
Does a logo have to be vector?
If you can't find a vector file you will need one created. Your company logo should always be created as a vector file so you can use it for smaller items such as business cards and letterhead or promotional items like sticky notes and pens, but also on larger surfaces, such as signs, banners or your company vehicles!
How do I save a vector file as a PNG in Illustrator?
How do I make a PNG file?
What is a vector logo format?
What Is a Vector Logo? Vector graphics consist of 2D points, which are then connected by curves and lines based on mathematical equations. Once connected, these elements create shapes and polygons. This allows you to scale the graphics bigger or smaller without losing the quality.
Is a PDF a vector file?
How do I make a PNG file high resolution?
jpeg /. png or any other pixel based format you must save it with an higher resolution, that will make it look crisp, even if you zoom in. To do so you must click in Illustrator on File -> Export -> Select JPEG -> and change in the upcomming dialog to your desired Resolution (default is 72ppi).
How do I export best quality in Illustrator?
How to Save an Illustrator File as a JPEGGo to File > Export > Export As. … Set how you want to save your artboards, then hit Export to continue.On the JPEG Options screen change the Color Model if you need to, and choose a quality.Under Options, set the output resolution. … Click OK to save the file.
What are vectors in Adobe Illustrator?
Vector artwork is art that's made up of vector graphics. These graphics are points, lines, curves and shapes that are based on mathematical formulas. When you scale a vector image file, it isn't low resolution and there's no loss of quality, so it can be sized to however large or small you need it to be.
How do I turn a logo into a vector?
So, without further ado, here's how to make a vector logo.Step 1: Choose Your Tool. … Step 2: Pick Your Colors and Decide on a Concept. … Step 3: Sketch It Out. … Step 4: Start Designing Your Logo. … Step 5: Save Your Logo.


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Designing the perfect part is something that all designers strive for, but also something that is usually exclusive to sketchbooks and 3D software modeling. When it comes to actually producing a part, designers are forced to face the limitations of production and budget, and often have to make design compromises due to costs, part volume and geometry considerations, and other factors.
With that said, advances in materials technology have given designers newfound freedom. In particular, the advent of high density thermoplastics have given designers much more freedom in regards to part geometry and volume by enabling them to place precise amounts of weight at particular locations. Such high density thermoplastic materials can be injection molded into complex geometries at densities up to 11 g/cc, allowing them to replace metals and other standard materials, and eliminating the need for costly secondary machining operations. Part makers can now mold plastic parts at very high densities, as opposed to having to buy blocks of metal and machine them to shape. To achieve this, high density thermoplastic compounds are required, which can deliver outstanding performance and minimize cost in numerous weighting, balancing, vibration dampening and radiation shielding applications.
These high density materials can also be easily modified to meet a wide range of physical property requirements, such as tensile strength, flex strength, flexmodulus, and heat resistance. Moreover, these high density injection moldable compounds assist by freeing up space in components parts, thus providing designers more design latitude and freedom for designing. Apart from these benefits, these compounds are completely lead free and nontoxic, meeting theincreased demand for high density, lead free products.
These high gravity compounds can be used in a variety of applications. Firstly, they are ideal for weighting and balancing applications. They have been utilized successfully to produce hub odometers, frangible projectiles, instrument housings, return weights, inertia discs, golf club weights, manual transmission shifter cartridges, and more.
In automotive manual transmission shifters, high density material molded in the form of shifter cartridges increases the weight and thus improves the feel at a customer touchpoint, as well as decreases the vibration transmitted through shifter. The reduced vibration improves the customer experience and increases the life of the equipment by reducing wear. As they do not contain toxic materials, these high densitymaterials are highly eco-friendly, and are used to replace lead in a number of applications. One of the most significant uses of these high density materials are in the production of lead free, frangible ammunition. These high density materials aremolded with either copper-filled or tungsten-filled compounds in the form of small caliber rifle and handgun projectiles, which have improved safety by eliminating any lead contamination risksorricochet potential at firing ranges. Unlike lead bullets, frangible ammunition made with high density materials are have no ricochet risk as they powderize upon impact with the target.
It is evident that high density materials have helped revolutionize part design by providing more part volume and part geometry freedom to designers. When it comes to high density materials, Ecomass Technologies outpaces the competition as it offers a wide variety of high density material of up to 11g/cc, with outstanding performance and physical properties. Turn to Ecomass Technologies for an innovative, high density material solution for your application needs.


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SEARCH Encourages Proposals to the Arctic Science, Engineering, and Education for Sustainability (ArcSEES) Opportunity
The SEARCH and International Study of Arctic Change (ISAC) steering groups released a "Dear Colleague" letter to encourage SEARCH and ISAC-relevant proposals to the recent NSF solicitation on Arctic Science, Engineering, and Education for Sustainability (ArcSEES, see funding article in this issue of Witness). The Dear Colleague letter highlights three reports that may be useful in linking proposal topics to identified priorities from the science community. The NSF ArcSEES solicitation presents an excellent opportunity to propose projects that implement ideas developed by the broad SEARCH and ISAC communities that are relevant to sustainability issues in the Arctic.
The Dear Colleague letter and relevant reports are available at:


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Kidaptive, creator of an award-winning iPad app for preschool learners, tapped frog's venture design services to create a companion experience for parents to engage in their child's learning process. The result was Learner Mosaic, a mobile app for parents that offers insights about their preschooler's development and personalized recommendations to support the child's progress.
Kidaptive's first product, the Leo's Pad Enrichment Program, is an iPad app that immerses preschoolers in a series of learning games and puzzles. As a child plays Leo's Pad, Kidaptive's Adaptive Learning Platform collects data and surfaces insights about the child's progress. The insights come together to form a unique mosaic of the young learner, showing how the child is developing across dozens of skill areas, and highlighting where they shine or may need guidance.
Because a parent is a child's first and most important teacher, Kidaptive asked frog to design an app that would harness data from its Adaptive Learning Platform and curate key insights for parents. The objective was to make it easy for parents to participate more actively in their child's learning and development, even when confronted with busy schedules.
frog began by interviewing parents and testing feature concepts to inform and inspire the design process. We learned that while parents want to know what their child is learning when they play educational games, they have limited time for parenting apps. Accordingly, while parents value information on their child's progress and input from trusted advisors, they need simple, clear, and specific guidance in order to best support their child's learning and development.
These observations about parents are reflected in frog's design of Learner Mosaic. The app offers parents quick, meaningful tips and personalized activity suggestions, helping them thoughtfully and substantively shape their child's learning experience.
To enable parents to engage effectively, we created four categories of actions that they can take with their child, ranging from simply celebrating an educational accomplishment to offering more focused support. The app recommends specific actions parents can take based on how a child is progressing within a particular skill area. For example, if the child is learning about shape recognition on Leo's Pad, Learner Mosaic might suggest that the parent spend time tracing or making puzzles with their child to augment their learning experience with hands-on activities.
Designed to evolve with each child's play, Learner Mosaic also grows more powerful with every new release on Kidaptive's Adaptive Learning Platform. By turning daily interactions into meaningful learning moments, then weaving these together into a holistic view of a child's progress, frog and Kidaptive are engaging parents to help young learners thrive.


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While some babies seem to happily drink their milk cold, most prefer it warm. To check the temperature of the milk, you can drop a little milk onto the inside of your wrist; it should be blood temperature or even a bit cool.
You can warm a bottle by either:
- Allowing it to standing in a container of hot water for a few minutes.
- Heating it in a microwave - the teat should be off when you do this so hot air won't get trapped in the bottle.
Heating using a microwave:
- As microwaves heat unevenly, make sure that you shake the bottle well after heating to mix through any 'hot spots'.
- Go gently when heating milk - its much easier to add a little extra heat to a bottle that's a bit cool, but another thing entirely to quickly cool down an overheated bottle.
- Heating a bottle in a microwave will not in anyway change the contents of the bottle.
Common Sense Advice. Share your experiences, tips and advice on the Kidspot Forum.
- 1. Baby nursery checklist
- 2. Return to work without hassle
- 3. Baby Friendly Hospitals
- 4. What's your baby's crawling style?
- 5. Six reasons why crawling is important
- 6. Helping your baby to crawl
- 7. Baby awareness 9 to 12 months
- 8. Your baby's five senses
- 9. Baby development and milestones
- 10. Baby physical development 9 to 12 months

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Not everyone realises the value smile until lose teeth, and miss the overall attractiveness and structure of the face. One must understand that the only way to get back the old facial shape is to replace what has been lost. Meaning, the lost teeth must be replaced. But how? For this reason, many people are seeking to get affordable dental implants Melbourne cost. This is because, dental implants help restore the face as it was before, and avoids any consequences of a missing teeth too. Moreover, dental implants add up to the functionality like eating, speak with clarity and help people look more confident and younger.
Keep reading to understand how undergoing affordable dental implants Melbourne prices, can help restore the shape of your face due to loss of tooth.
How Dental Implants Restore the Shape of your Face?
If you are opting for dental implants Melbourne prices you can stay rest assured that, it not only restores back your original smile, rather it helps restore your missing tooth. Meaning, implants makes over the bottom third of your face. As we age, our skin is prone to Wrinkles and loose skin. This is actually due to the deterioration of the dental bone mass. Dental implants helps restore the bone mass in the jaw and teeth, thereby it restores the shape of the face and tightens the skin. Ultimately making you look younger and confident.
Moreover, dental implants look and feel like natural teeth. So, you don't have to worry about the tooth colour that doesn't fit with your regular natural teeth. Your expert cosmetic dentist will make sure that your new dental implant perfectly matches your natural teeth and upkeeps your smile perfectly!/
What Happens If You Fail To Replace Your Missing Teeth?
When you miss out a tooth, the bone that supports the tooth will lack the stimulation that is required to rebuild. Hence, it gradually reduces in size and the bone strength. A research study suggests that your dental bone would be losing about 25% of the width, during the first year of losing a tooth. This would gradually result in sunken cheeks and lips, which will make you look older than you actually are. However, considering affordable Dental implant price Melbourne can help prevent this and help restore back your normal facial appearance.
Perfectly placed dental implants can help avoid loss of bone and shrinking of the tooth gums. In a nutshell, the bone mass helps strengthen up your natural face shape, and restores back your youthful appearance. If you have a missing tooth, or is interested in fixing, and has questions regarding dental implants, get in touch with an expert cosmetic dentist today. They will answer your questions and explain how dental implants can noticeably improve your facial structure.


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In today's class, we went over student responses to the article on distracted driving (handed out last class). This discussion focused on the author's use of the rhetorical devices of ethos, pathos, and logos.
Next, I handed out a portion of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s "Letter from Birmingham Jail." We discussed the historical context of this letter. Then, students worked in groups to annotate King's use of ethos, pathos, and logos in the course of his argument. Here is a copy of the text we read and annotated:
Then, I introduced the homework assignment. This assignment consists of an article and an argumentative response involving the use of ethos, pathos, and logos. I have attached the article below. The assignment instructions are on the last page. This assignment is due one week from the date assigned.
Chris Trompas - English teacher at the Learning Choice Academy in Chula Vista and La Mesa, CA.


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Opinion, by Henri Kerkdijk Otten
27 - 01 - 2012
We know that Bubalus Murrensis, the wild European waterbuffalo, was present in Europe during the pleistocene. Osteological remains have been found from virtually all over Europe, except Scandinavia and the northeastern part of Europe. Remains have all been found near (large) rivers. Riverine habitats and close surrounding areas, seems to have been the habitat of choice of the waterbuffalo.
There is no doubt that the waterbuffalo formed an intricate part of the megafauna of Europe.
It is also noted that during the periods between the ice ages, the so called interglacials, Bubalus Murrensis seems to have migrated from Asia to Europe, with Europe being nothing more than a Peninsula of Asia. During the ice ages, Bubalus Murrensis locally died out in Europe or retreated to refugia in Asia. This retreat and return pattern happened during every glacial and interglacial in the Pleistocene.
It is very important to note that the Black Sea did not exist at that time and that the sea was flooded as recent as somewhere around 6500 to 5500 BC.
As we all know, the holocene presents a clear breach with former periods. The late pleistocene, but certainly the holocene, saw a very strong and growing anthropogene influence on animal species populations in Europe and elsewhere. For the first time after the last ice age, the recolonization of Europe by certain species failed or came to a halt somewhere in the course of time.
As an example; the European cave lion died out during the last ice age, but Europe was recolonized by lions coming from Asia from the subspecies Pantherus Leo Persica (Sommer et al., 2005, Bartosiewicz, 2009). Lions mainly colonized the Balkans and beyond. Relatively quickly after the recolonization, a gradual dwindling of Lion populations started. During the copper age, lions were still found in Hungary and Romania. Lions were pushed back further and further and died out somewhere in the 1st or 2nd century AD.
The Bubalus Murrensis died out in Europe or retreated to Asia, during the onset of the last ice age. Normally, Europe would have been recolonized by waterbuffalo after the last ice age. This happened with other species, such as the aforementioned lion. Bökönyi (1957, 1974) concluded after research that Bubalus Arnee, a very close Asiatic relative of Bubalus Murrensis, was present in the Carpathian Basin (Hungary and Romania) during the so called Atlanticum period, the period roughly between 8000 to 4000 BC. These findings are corroborated by osteological remains of Bubalus, that were found near Donnerskirchen in Austria, in the neighborhood of the Neusiedlersee and that are dated at the beginning of the Atlantikum period that started around 7000 BC (Pucher, 1991).
It has been confirmed that the Aurochs did survive in refugia like the Iberian and Italian Peninsulas, but that after the beginning of the Holocene, central and northern Europe were recolonized by Aurochs coming from the east and not from the south (Canon et al., 2000, Mona et al., 2010, Caramelli et al., 2011). The same is true for wild horses (Warmuth et al., 2011).
Just like with Bubalus Murrensis in the pleistocene, and just like with lions, aurochs and horses in the Holocene, Europe was recolonized by waterbuffalo coming from the east, from Asia. Not only is the waterbuffalo part of a trend, but there are actual findings of wild waterbuffalo from the era confirming this.
The fact that wild waterbuffalo are found in the Carpathian Basin and eastern Austria should come as no surprise. Waterbuffalo were present near, but also migrated along, large waterways. The Danube Delta and river and its tributaries seems to have been the highway whereby wild waterbuffalo reentered Europe from Asia. The observant reader will have noticed that the Black Sea as such did not exist before 6500 – 5500 BC and that the possible migration route presented a continues path from the Carpathian Basin to the rest of Asia, along which animals could migrate from east to west.
It seems that wild waterbuffalo were not able to push further west than Austria. This could ofcourse have to with the fact that more remains simply have not been unearthed yet. There also seems to be a trend to deny Bubalus findings on the basis that wild waterbuffalo simply could not have been present in Europe during the Holocene.
It is more important to note that migrations along large rivers presents a very narrow and limited path of migration. Humans were overly present near big rivers and expansion of wild water buffalo was simply stopped in its tracks because of that. This is a clear difference with the recolonization by Aurochs and wild horses and the importance of this difference cannot be stressed enough.
Without an ever stronger growing anthropogene pressure, there is no doubt that wild waterbuffalo coming from Asia would have been able to recolonize the rest of Europe, just like they did during every interglacial in the Pleistocene.
Apart from the clear advantages of waterbuffalo in nature management in Europe (Wiegleb and Krawczynski, 2010) and apart from the fact that they occupy an ecological niche that cattle and horses cannot occupy, the archaeozoological story alone justifies the use of waterbuffalo in nature management and rewilding schemes in Europe today.


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Smoke from a summer wildfire is more than just an eye-stinging plume of nuisance. It's a poison to the lungs and hearts of the people who breathe it in and a dense blanket that hampers firefighting operations.
There's an atmospheric feedback loop, says University of Utah atmospheric scientist Adam Kochanski, that can lock smoke in valleys in much the same way that temperature inversions lock the smog and gunk in the Salt Lake Valley each winter. But understanding this loop, Kochanski says, can help scientists predict how smoke will impact air quality in valleys, hopefully helping both residents and firefighters alike.
Kochanski and colleagues' study appears in the Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres. The work was funded by grants from the U.S. Department of Agriculture and from NASA.
Watch a video of a smoke simulation here.
In 2015, firefighters battling wildfires in northern California noticed that smoke accumulating in valleys wasn't going away. The smoke got so bad that air support had to cancel flights, slowing down the firefighting effort. "That raised the question," Kochanski says, "Why is that? Why all of a sudden, is the smoke so persistent and what keeps this very thick layer of smoke in those valleys for such a long period of time?"
Kochanski and his colleagues, including researchers from the Desert Research Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder and Harvard & Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics set out to answer those questions. Their first clue came from measurements of temperature both below and above the smoke layer. The air, they found, was warmer above the smoke than below.
Residents of the Salt Lake Valley and other bowl-shaped valleys will recognize the pattern of warmer air above colder valley air as an inversion—a reversal of the normal cooling of air with altitude. The atmospheric chemistry of Salt Lake's wintertime inversions is a little different than that of a fire inversion, but the physics are the same: Warm air rises, cold air sinks and the inversion puts a warm lid over a valley, trapping all the valley air below.
The main difference is that in case of the smoke inversions the smoke layer makes the inversion even stronger.
The feedback loop
Kochanski and his colleagues modeled the dynamics of air and smoke in valley terrain and found a feedback loop that reinforces the atmospheric inversion conditions.
"A key to this situation is the moment when the smoke appears in the atmosphere and it just does enough to block incoming solar radiation," Kochanski says. With the sun's energy blocked, the air at the ground begins to cool. "The near-surface cooling limits the mixing, enhances local inversions and leads to even higher smoke concentrations, that in turn block more solar radiation and make smoke even more persistent."
The cooling also weakens winds in the smoke-filled valley and stabilizes the atmosphere, impeding wind from breaking through and clearing out the stagnant air.
Kochanski says there are three ways out of a fire inversion. One is the settling of smoke once the fire is extinguished, allowing more light and heat to reach the ground. Another is a sufficiently large wind that can push through and mix the layers of air. A third is precipitation, as falling rain can scrub the air clean of aerosols.
"If it's business as usual and day by day you have nice sunny weather without any wind or precipitation events, well, this positive feedback loop leads to more smoke in the valleys than could be expected just based on the fire behavior alone," Kochanski says.
A new kind of forecast
Understanding the conditions that create the feedback loop help researchers predict how and when it might form or dissipate. Fire inversions will still remain a problem for firefighters, but Kochanski says that now researchers will be able to put together more accurate smoke forecasts.
"We can better tell where, how dense and how persistent the smoke is going to be," he says. "That's something that wasn't available before." Weather models will also be able to forecast air quality effects from smoke in ways they couldn't before, he adds.
The results of this study are already being integrated into the National Predictive Services Program. "When I'm talking about applications," Kochanski says. "It's not 10 years from now. It's something that we will start working on within the next couple of months."
Find the full study here.
Banner image: California Air National guardsmen from the 129th Rescue Wing perform precision water bucket drops Aug. 26, 2013, in support of the Rim Fire suppression operation at Tuolumne County near Yosemite, California. Credit: Staff Sgt. Ed Drew/USAF (_URL_


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|Uploaded:||May 17, 2009|
|Updated:||March 22, 2011|
Now that you guys have learned how to draw a house, you will now be taught "how to draw a log cabin", step by step". A log cabin is a house that looks like it was built with just a bunch of tree logs. Remember those canisters that had a bunch of toy brown logs with green tops for roofs and red square plastic pieces for the windows? Well that is basically what you are doing with that toy is building log cabin houses. Well anyway, log cabins are popular and commonly seen around country areas and on camp grounds. Did you ever wonder who it was that brought this ingenious idea to life? Well after some extensive research, I found out that log cabins started being built during the seventeenth and eighteenth century by the Swiss and Germans who came to America with the skills and knowledge of building houses using log construction. Even though the Swiss and Germans introduced log house living to America, the Scottish and Irish eventually went from stone houses to log homes and spread their knowledge across the frontier. Now remember, log housing units were also built for temporary housing for soldiers during the Revolutionary War and for commercial purposes as well like; schools, churches, saloons, barns, gristmills, sheriff quarters, and other structures. With this lesson you will learn "how to draw a log cabin house step by step". I shall return in a few with something new. So stay tuned for my return.


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Discussion—Barrier to Implementing EBPH
Public health is credited with many notable lifestyle modifications or improvements over the last century. A large part of these improvements can be attributed to the provision of safe water and food, sewage treatment and disposal, tobacco use prevention and cessation, injury prevention, control of infectious diseases through immunization and other means, and other population-based interventions.
Despite these successes, many additional opportunities to improve the public's health remain. To achieve these new gains in public health, more widespread adoption of evidence-based strategies has been recommended. Despite the known benefits of EBPH, there are also known barriers to the adoption of EBPH.
Based on the readings assigned and suggested for this week and a review of the seven-stage, sequential framework to promote greater use of EBPH, do the following:
- Provide a description and relevance of each of the seven stages in the application or achievement of EBPH.
- To provide context and relevance to your response, identify a specific health-related problem, issue, situation, or concern in your community or state in the application of the EBPH framework. Keep this public health problem, issue, situation, or concern in mind because you will be using this problem, issue, situation, or concern throughout this course for other assignments and ultimately for your final project.
- As you review each stage of the framework, identify at least one barrier or challenge for each stage in the implementation of EBPH.
- For each of the barriers you identify, provide a possible solution to that barrier.
Write your initial response in approximately 300 words.
By the due date assigned, post your response to the appropriate Discussion Area. Through the end of the week, review and comment on at least two peers' responses. Consider commenting on their identified barrier/challenge and possible solution. Would you propose a different solution to their barrier/challenge and why?
Support your answers with examples and research. Your responses should clarify your understanding of the topic. They should be your own, original, and free from plagiarism. Follow the APA format for writing style, spelling and grammar, and citation of sources.
- Provided a description and relevance of each of the seven stages in the application or achievement of EBPH.
- Identified a specific health-related problem, issue, situation, or concern in your community or state in the application of the EBPH framework.
- Identified at least one barrier or challenge for each stage in the implementation of EBPH.
- For each of the barriers identified, provided a possible solution to that barrier. Responses demonstrated in-depth research and analysis.
- Justified your answers with appropriate research and reasoning.


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Chakra is Sanskrit for "wheel" and means wheel of energy. They are the energy centers in your body. Most traditions are based on 7 chakras. The chakras together form a system. This means that they affect each other and work together. Each chakra in us has specific properties and functions. The chakras are different types of consciousness.
They are actually the different areas of your life. For example, the first chakra is linked to survival and the second to creativity. The third is your self-esteem and the fourth tells you about love. Chakra five is your communication, six provides insight and the seventh connects you with the higher. Chakras can therefore be felt in your body and can be read from your behavior. To influence or get to know chakras, special colors, symbols and gems are often used.


Han and roman attitudes toward technology dbq essay
New ideas are being introduced, and innovations to current technologies are always taking place. Some may see changes in technology as a vital and helpful thing, while others may oppose. Roman upperclassmen in general had positive attitudes towards technology, as well as innovations in technology. Some higher classmen, however, looked highly upon themselves, and felt like anything not originating from their minds or hands was below them. Some philosophers had the attitude that anything they did not invent was only mediocre and sufficient, instead of excellent and great. Both authors stated in their documents that anything created by a lower classman was only mediocre in comparison to improvements in technology created by a higher classman like a philosopher.
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Han and Roman Attitudes Toward Technology Essay
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Attitudes Towards Technology in the Han and Roman Empires Free Essay Sample
Han and Roman attitudes towards technology in the late BCE and early CE pointed towards two main categories, positive and negative. Documents 1 and 8 show government officials in charge of water technology. Both show obvious support for the technology they are associated with, preventing floods or creating aqueducts for their cities. Also, their jobs require them to use technology so they must have an appreciation for it. Documents 3 and 4 describe times when the technology used to help citizens direct their water to help productivity. It is shown that both government and philosophers see a benefit of technology in society, clearly improving productivity for their whole country. Lastly, Document 6 shows Plutarch, a high government official, writing of the creation of roads that helped the mobility of horses, the organization of cities, and beauty of the land.
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Compare And Contrast Han China And Rome
In history, attitudes towards technology differed in regions due to the various factors such as religion, philosophy, and social classes that were intertwined with technology. In the period up to C. The Han and Roman's attitudes towards technology resembled each other in a variety of ways like how both empires allowed non-government workers to practice engineering and other crafts that dealt with technology. However, during the first century of B.
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Identify one additional type of document and explain briefly how it would help your analysis. The Han Dynasty and the Roman Empire have different outlooks on technology, the Han Dynasty view technology as a practical application used to ease the workload of people, while the Roman Empire views certain technology as needed, despite the creator. The Han Dynasty viewed technology as a way to ease the workload.
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Cost Reduction in the Federal Government
An interview with Janet Hale
Competing priorities are slowing down federal government efficiency, according to a fall 2012 study from the Government Business Council (GBC), sponsored by Deloitte. Just 29 percent of the federal managers surveyed give high marks to the efficiency of their agency, and 16 percent say the same about the federal government as a whole. Despite this, agencies across government are completing successful cost-reduction initiatives – and studying these efforts reveals techniques that focus group members say could be used to drive greater federal agency efficiency. Janet Hale, a director at Deloitte Services LP and former undersecretary for management at the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, shares with GBC insights gained from numerous cost-cutting initiatives.
GBC: Strong project governance has been shown to play an integral role in improving project performance. What are some of the important aspects of governance?
Janet Hale: Strong governance means that you have a committed team of people reviewing the goals, how they are implemented, and what the outcome should be. An advisory team should consist of folks that could influence or assist in the strategy, often pulled from around the organization, including budget and finance, management, IT, programs, workforce, facilities, and acquisition and procurement. A dedicated team of leaders can see a strategy all the way through, take advantage of synergies, and make the cost savings stick.
Take advantage of this environment to consider how to do things differently. Be bold. By taking steps now, federal managers can create more options on how to deal with changes ahead.
GBC: Why is it so hard to capture costs and make cost savings stick?
Janet Hale: There is a tendency to want to "work it out in execution." This can cause some anticipated savings to evaporate and inadvertently lead to less-than-strategic reductions. For example, cost reduction involves capturing the recovered costs. If a program makes a reduction, but the recovered money gets used somewhere else in the agency, costs have not truly been reduced. Savings typically accompany measures that lower both total cost of ownership and an agency's cost basis going forward. By focusing on top-line reductions rather than internal budgetary reallocation, agencies can capture savings when evaluating cost-cutting options.
GBC: Managing risk is important when weighing different cost-reduction scenarios. Which risks present the biggest challenges to federal managers?
Janet Hale: Cost-cutting involves tough decisions, and its stakeholders can be numerous; interest groups, the media, and those on Capitol Hill are all capable of influencing or impacting the results of your efforts. Understanding who your influencers are and creating mitigation and communication plans is important to success.
GBC: Change is a constant in government. How do periods of transition impact efficiency initiatives?
Janet Hale: Given the "new normal" of budget pressures, change-focused teams are more valuable now; they can suggest new program service delivery and new ways to deliver back-office functions. It will be the leaders who will help drive change. Career people know how to get it done. Transition may open up new opportunities for federal managers to explore different practices from the commercial sector, different governance structures—generally, opportunity to do things differently.
GBC: What should federal managers being doing now?
Janet Hale: This is the time for federal managers to make a plan for prioritizing investments and launching new initiatives. It takes time to identify the right opportunities to cut costs. The first step is to identify costs across everything the agency does to uncover which cost area could deliver the biggest impact without compromising the mission. Next, focus time and effort on changes that not only reduce costs but improve mission performance. Finally, look at new delivery models.
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text: TGP were appointed directly by Renfrewshire Council to prepare external landscape proposals for the replacement primary school in Paisley. The design accommodates a learning through landscapes approach with the outdoor environment providing a flexible educational, play and biodiverse resource as well an attractive setting for the school. The grounds include natural play features, growing gardens, habitat areas and covered outdoor teaching spaces. Hard landscape materials were used to reflect the different usage of the spaces. Soft landscape materials offer the children a sensory experience as well as improving the sites biodiversity with the introduction of native species, wild flower mixes, sensory planting and bulb mixes.


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Nonprofit Worldreader gives Kindles to students in sub-Saharan Africa (and is working on a reading app for mobile phones). The organization just published the results of iREAD, its year-long pilot program in Ghana, and many of the findings are promising: Primary school students with access to e-readers showed significant improvement in reading skills and in time spent reading, and the program is cost-effective. The theft rate was "near-zero," but nearly half the e-readers broke.
USAID funded the Worldreader Ghana study and independent firm ILC Africa did the research. iREAD "involved the wireless distribution of over 32,000 local and international digital books using Kindle e-readers to 350 students and teachers at six pilot schools in Ghana's Eastern Region between November 2010 and September 2011."
The full results are here (PDF). Some findings:
- Kids learned to use e-readers quickly even though 43 percent of them had never used a computer before. Also, not surprisingly, they were quick to discover "the multimedia aspects of the e-reader, such as music and Internet features." (Kindle has an experimental web browser and can play MP3s.) Worldreader is "exploring ways to limit functions on the e-reader such as music" so that kids don't get distracted during class, but points out that e-readers can also be a useful "bridge" device for students who'd never used a computer before.
- Near-zero theft. Only two e-readers (out of 600) were lost in the whole study, partly because "community involvement was encouraged through e-reader pledges, community outreach programs, and support from community leaders."
- Kids got access to way more books. Before the study, primary-school students (whose average age was 11) had access to an average of 3.6 books at home. Junior-high students (average age 13.5 years) had access to an average of 8.6 books at home and high-school students (average age 16.6 years) access to an average of 11 books (mostly textbooks they had to buy for school.) With the e-reader program, kids had access to an average of 107 books, including books Worldreader "pushed" onto the Kindles as well as free e-books that kids downloaded themselves.
- Primary school students' test scores improved, but effects on older kids were less clear. The reading scores of primary-school students who received e-readers increased from 12.9 percent to 15.7 percent, depending on whether they got additional reading support. That was an improvement of 4.8 percent to 7.6 percent above the scores of kids in control classrooms without e-readers. But results for older kids were mixed: "Student reading was affected almost exclusively at the primary level, and not at the junior and senior levels. This conclusion supports external data that students are most affected by reading interventions at the primary school stages between the ages of 4 and 10."
- Students sought out access to international news. "Amazon data revealed that students were downloading The New York Times, USA Today, and El País etc., demonstrating that students want to access a wide range of reading materials that were previously inaccessible."
- Some teachers worried kids became too dependent on the e-readers. "For example, one teacher stated that students thought that everything on the e-reader was the 'absolute truth.' He had to correct them by explaining that the e-books may contain mistakes just as paper books do. Teachers also observed that some students have started to favor classes that use the e-reader and neglect classes that do not."
- Kids shared their e-readers with their families and friends. Students, even primary schoolers, got to take their e-readers home at night and many reported sharing the devices. Kids in the study had an average of five siblings, so "the e-reader's reach potentially extended to many people beyond the device's owner." Some kids whose parents were illiterate read to their parents from their e-readers.
- Kindles break too easily. Worldreader had not predicted how many Kindles would break: 243 out of 600, or 40.5 percent. Each time an e-reader broke, Worldreader sent it back to Amazon to conduct "a post-mortem analysis." Turns out "fragile screens are the main weakness" and Amazon is working on Kindles with reinforced screens (at the same cost), which started shipping to Ghana in October 2011. Plus Worldreader is providing more rugged cases for the Kindles and providing more instruction on how to use them (don't sit on it, for instance).
- The program appears cost-effective. Worldreader estimates that "for the years 2014-2018, using a calculation focused strictly on the provisioning of textbooks, the e-reader system would cost only $8.93-$11.40 more per student over a 4 year period [$0.19 to $0.24 per month] than the traditional paper book system." That calculation is made with the assumptions that e-reader prices will fall and e-readers will become more rugged (so they break less). And of course, e-readers give students access to many books, not just textbooks.


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Blind mole rats live in underground burrows that can be quite hypoxic, with oxygen levels getting as low as 7.2 percent. (The air we breathe is 21 percent oxygen). A team of researchers in Israel and Germany have determined that Spalax have evolved to tolerate this environment by expressing more of their oxygen-carrying globins than other rats, which help them survive at low ambient oxygen levels.
The globin family is comprised of proteins responsible for the delivery and storage of oxygen throughout the body. Hemoglobin (Hb), in red blood cells, transports oxygen from the lungs through the blood to the inner organs. Myoglobin (Mb) is expressed in striated and cardiac muscles; it acts as localized oxygen storage, and helps disperse the oxygen as needed throughout the relatively large muscle cells.
Ten years ago, two unique mammalian globins were discovered. Neuroglobin (Ngb) is found in neurons of both the central and peripheral nervous systems, and in endocrine organs. Ngb is also expressed in astrocytes in mammals tolerant of hypoxia—like these mole rats and the deep diving hooded seal—but not in those sensitive to hypoxia, like mice and rats. Ngb is highly colocalized with mitochondria, and thus active oxidative metabolism, but its function is not yet clear; it may act in the brain like Mb acts in muscle, to supply oxygen to the mitochondrial respiratory chain, or it may scavenge reactive oxygen species. Cytoglobin (Cygb) is found in fibroblasts, and its role is even more obscure than Ngb's.
Spalax are known to have increased levels of Hb, and their Hb has a high affinity for oxygen. In recent work, the researchers compared the sequences and expression levels of the other globin genes among the different Spalax species with those of the hypoxia sensitive rat, under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions.
They had access to 4 different allospecies of the blind mole rat Spalax from Israel. These animals cope with hypoxia to varying degrees depending on the different climates in the regions where they live. Spalax galili live in the Galilee, the Northern part of the country, which is cool and moist; they have the most efficient hypoxic adaptation. Spalax judaei live in the Judean desert to the south, which is warm and dry.
These proteins are highly conserved among the Spalax species, so a difference in function did not seem to account for their different abilities to tolerate hypoxia. Spalax expressed 2-3 fold more Ngb RNA and protein than rats under normal conditions. Upon short term severe hypoxic stress, however—five hours at six percent oxygen—normal rats and S. judaei downregulated their Ngb mRNA by almost twofold but S. galili did not. Twenty-two hours of ten percent oxygen were required to bring their Ngb mRNA levels down. Even after hypoxia reduced Ngb mRNA, Ngb protein levels stayed constant in the mole rats, but not the other rats.
Spalax expressed twoto three-fold more Cygb mRNA and protein than normal rats under normoxia as well, but only in the brain, not in the heart or liver (muscle tissues). When the animals were placed under hypoxic conditions, Cygb mRNA stayed constant in rat brains but increased two fold in mole rat brains. And it increased two fold in rat hearts, but twelve fold in mole rat hearts.
The mole rats also expressed more Mb than normal rats. In neck muscle, which the mole rats use for digging, S. judaei had 27 fold and S. galili had 44 fold Mb mRNA than other rats. Short term severe hypoxia did nothing to Spalax Mb mRNA levels, but rat Mb mRNA levels increased threefold.
When humans are deprived of oxygen, we lose consciousness within minutes. Subterranean mole rats, in contrast, just continue digging their tunnels. Their higher levels of Hb, Mb, Ngb and Cygb protein help them to survive with chronic hypoxia. Perhaps we can exploit this system to help human cells survive hypoxic stresses, such as those precipitated by a heart attack or stroke.
Listing image by NSF


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YAML in PHP
Installing YAML extension
YAML does not come with a standard PHP installation, instead it needs to be installed as a PECL extension. On linux/unix it can be installed with a simple
libyaml-dev package must be installed on the system, as the PECL package is simply a wrapper around libYAML calls.
Installation on Windows machines is different - you can either download a pre-compiled DLL or build from sources.
Using YAML to store application configuration
YAML provides a way to store structured data. The data can be a simple set of name-value pairs or a complex hierarchical data with values even being arrays.
Consider the following YAML file:
Let's say, it's saved as
config.yaml. Then to read this file in PHP the following code can be used:
print_r will produce the following output:
Now config parameters can be used by simply using array elements:


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Skeif Rolling Papers
Skeif Rolling Papers from Cafe420 is a King Size rolling paper produced exclusively for South Africa.
Skeif Rolling Papers is categorised as an unbleached hemp cigarette rolling paper. Unbleached rolling paper is 100% eco friendly and is made using hemp paper pulp. Skeif Rolling Papers is produced with an all natural gum line, harvested from the African Acacia tree right here in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Skeif Rolling Papers is focused on using paper that minimizes the use of chemicals in the production process. White rolling papers usually have a chemical aspect because of the presence of chlorine or calcium carbonate, which help slow down the burn. For this reason Skeif Rolling Papers are naturally brown and organic.
- 110×44 mm
- 1x booklet
- 32x pages per booklet


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Since its first report in 1998 by Ebbesen et al., the extraordinary transmission of light through an array of subwavelength apertures in an otherwise opaque metal film has resulted in equally-extraordinary activity in this and related phenomena in nanophotonics. In fact, as of the publication of this Focus Issue, the 1998 Ebbesen Nature paper has been referenced nearly 300 times. Given this level of activity, it comes as no surprise that multiple explanations exist as to the origin of extraordinary transmission through periodic arrays of subwavelength apertures (as evidenced by contributions in this Focus Issue). Even as the physical mechanisms are being investigated, we are witnessing the emergence of significant applications of these sub-wavelength structured surfaces, from their use as simple passive components to their use in electro-luminescent devices and biological sensors.
© 2004 Optical Society of America
(_PHONE_) Diffraction and gratings : Diffraction and gratings
(_PHONE_) Diffraction and gratings : Apertures
(_PHONE_) Optics at surfaces : Surface plasmons
(_PHONE_) Optics at surfaces : Surface waves
Focus Issue: Extraordinary light transmission through sub-wavelength structured surfaces
Original Manuscript: August 4, 2004
Revised Manuscript: August 3, 2004
Published: August 9, 2004
Steve Blair and Ajay Nahata, "Introduction," Opt. Express 12, 3618-3618 (2004)
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OSA is able to provide readers links to articles that cite this paper by participating in CrossRef's Cited-By Linking service. CrossRef includes content from more than 3000 publishers and societies. In addition to listing OSA journal articles that cite this paper, citing articles from other participating publishers will also be listed.


What is Vocation? (Part 2)
What is Vocation? (Part I)
Vocation story of Sr. Manaoag (SSVM)
Vocation story of Sr. Maria Filia Docilis (SSVM)
The religious habit is a sign of a religious' consecration and poverty. The one who wears it makes evident the eschatological end of religious life. (c.f. Const. 154)
Consecrated Life Series
investiture 2017


How Long Do Ants Live: The Life Cycle of an Ant
Home / Blog / Ant Life Cycle – Exploring the Different Stages
Ant Life Cycle – Exploring the Different Stages
By: Rita Stadler
How long do ants live and what makes up the different stages of their life cycle? These are the kind of endless questions an inquisitive preschooler might ask after spotting some of these critters in the kitchen.
Being interrogated by a curious kid (or anybody else) while trying to deal with a black garden ant infestation is pretty darn stressful, so we've broken down the answers to all your burning questions, and we've even got a few tips to help get rid of them, too!
Life Cycle of an Ant
Of the at least 12,000 different species of ants in the world, just a few hundred are found in the United States. Less than half of those ant species are known to be pests to homeowners. All of that means there is a wide variety in ant life cycles depending on species and habitat. The following information provides a general summary of the types that homeowners are most likely to encounter.
An ant life cycle is made up of four stages and can take between 6-10 weeks to complete and reach adulthood:
 - Egg
 - Larvae
 - Pupae
 - Adult
Ants begin their lives as eggs. When an ant egg is fertilized it becomes a female. However, unfertilized eggs become male ants. Eggs are very small and oval-shaped. They are sticky, which makes it easier for them to be carried away if the nest is in danger
Ant larvae look like tiny little worms, with no eyes or legs. Molting, or shedding their skin, multiple times as they grow larger, larvae are like eating machines. Larvae eat constantly while growing rapidly, but they rely on adult worker ants to bring them food. Once the larva is big enough, it will form a cocoon around itself and go through metamorphoses, becoming a pupa.
The cocoon stage of development for an ant is known as the pupal state. Inside the cocoon, they continue to develop and start to darken in color. After completing the pupal stage, a fully formed adult will emerge.
Adult ants
Ants have a hard exoskeleton, six legs, and a body that is segmented into three regions: the head, thorax, and abdomen. The head contains mouthparts that are used for eating and excavating, as well as two antennae which are sensory organs. Antennae are essential for their sense of smell and touch. Ants use their sense of smell to lead others to food sources, to recognize friends or enemies, and to establish territorial boundaries. Males and queens are the only ones that have wings, while workers are wingless. Their color depends on their species, but they are usually black, brown, or red.
How Long Do Ants Live?
Ant colonies are divided into three castes, or groups: queens, males, and workers. Their lifespan depends on the group they belong to. Queen ants can live for years, even decades while workers can live anywhere from a few months to a couple years. This depends on their species and if they are male or female.
Queen ants
Queen ants are the biggest of all the castes, and live longer than the other castes. Pharaoh ant queens may live for 2-3 years, but carpenter ant queens have been known to live for up to 20 years! Some types of ants have only one queen per colony, but other types have multiple queens in the same colony.
Queens are the only ones that can have babies or lay eggs. You will probably never see a pregnant ant because a queen only has one job (making more ants) and is protected by the colony. She spends her entire life laying eggs. If you ever do encounter a queen, it is probably during the nuptial flight. When weather conditions are just right, usually in the hot and humid conditions following rain, the nuptial flight occurs. Unmated queens and mature males take flight to mate. Males die immediately after mating, while queens seek out a new nesting site to start their own colonies. Aside from this mating act, most don't generally fly.
Worker ants
These ants vary in size depending on what their job is – some workers dig tunnels, others care for the eggs, some forage for food, and the largest ones defend the entire colony. Worker ant lifespans vary by species. Pharaoh ant workers may only live 9-10 weeks, but carpenter ant workers can live for years.
As you can see, these pests are a complex and fascinating group of organisms.
If you're having a problem with infestations around your home, find out how to naturally get rid of ants with humane pest control options.
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The people from this town are called Riudomenc/riudomenca.
Riudoms was a Roman rural settlement (some archaeological remains and coins were discovered), that was depopulated when the Muslims dominated the region in the 8th century. Conquered by the Norman Robert d'Aguiló under the orders of the Catalan count, the lordship of Riudoms was granted to Arnau de Palomar on 24 January 1150. A castle was constructed and a town born at side.
Although it is widely accepted that he was born in Reus, this village is considered by some people the place of birth of the architect Antoni Gaudí i Cornet, designer of the Sagrada Família church in Barcelona and the most famous creator of the artistic movement of Modernisme.


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Teachers Day is celebrated around the world to honour the selfless service rendered by educators who inspire and mentor students. It is a day to acknowledge the efforts of teachers who shape young minds and prepare students for the future. On this day, people express their gratitude towards their teachers, and students thank their educators for their guidance and support. The day is an opportunity to pay tribute to the exceptional work of teachers, who tirelessly contribute to society's growth and development.
When it comes to expressing gratitude towards teachers, it is not limited to traditional educators who teach in classrooms. Even the people we love and cherish the most can be our teachers in some way or the other. Your girlfriend is someone who has been a constant support, a friend, and a guide. On this Teachers Day, take some time out to express how much you appreciate her and how she has been a positive influence in your life. Send her heartfelt Teachers Day wishes to show her how much she means to you. In this article, we will provide you with some ideas for Teachers Day wishes to send to your girlfriend.
Teachers Day Wishes for Girlfriend
1. Happy Teachers Day, my dear! Your dedication to your students and passion for teaching never cease to inspire me.
2. I am grateful to have a girlfriend who is not only beautiful, but also intelligent and skilled in shaping the minds of future generations.
3. You make the world a better place every day by imparting knowledge and values to your students.
4. Thank you for being such a wonderful role model, both in the classroom and in our relationship.
5. Your hard work and commitment to your students are truly admirable. Happy Teachers Day, my love!
6. I am proud of you for all the lives you are touching through your teaching. Keep up the great work!
7. Your patience and kindness have the power to make a difference in the lives of your students. Happy Teachers Day to the most amazing teacher and girlfriend!
8. Your passion for teaching shines through in everything you do. Thank you for inspiring me and others around you every single day.
9. Wishing you a joyous Teachers Day celebration, my love. Your tireless efforts and enthusiasm for teaching are appreciated more than you know.
10. The world needs more teachers like you who inspire and empower their students to be the best they can be. Happy Teachers Day!
11. You have the ability to take complex concepts and make them accessible to your students in ways that they can understand. Your dedication to teaching is inspiring.
12. A happy Teachers Day to the love of my life, who happens to be an extraordinary teacher as well. You give your all to your students every day, and your impact is immeasurable.
13. I am grateful for the love and support you show your students. You are making a positive difference in their lives and in the future of our society.
14. Happy Teachers Day, my dear. The way you engage and motivate your students demonstrates your exceptional skills as an educator.
15. Your commitment to excellence sets you apart as a teacher. You are a shining example of what it means to give tirelessly to others.
16. You have an incredible gift for teaching, and your students are fortunate to have you as their guide. Happy Teachers Day, my love!
17. With every lesson you teach, you are cultivating a brighter future for the young minds in your care. Thank you for all that you do.
18. Your passion for learning is contagious, and it spreads to everyone around you. Happy Teachers Day to the most devoted and loving teacher and girlfriend!
19. Your unwavering dedication to your students never ceases to amaze me. You are changing lives for the better, one lesson at a time.
20. Your patience and kindness are among the many qualities that make you an extraordinary teacher. Happy Teachers Day, my love!
21. You challenge and inspire your students to be their best selves. Wishing you a joyful Teachers Day celebration, my amazing girlfriend!
22. Your endless creativity and innovative teaching methods are just a few of the things that make you an exceptional educator. Happy Teachers Day!
23. Your energy and enthusiasm for teaching are contagious, and they inspire your students to reach new heights.
24. Your caring nature and willingness to go above and beyond for your students make you a true gem in the teaching profession. Happy Teachers Day, my love!
25. Your students are lucky to have such a passionate and dedicated teacher as you. Keep up the great work, and know that you are making a difference.
26. Your unwavering dedication to your students is truly admirable. I am proud to call you my girlfriend and my inspiration.
27. You help to shape the future every day through your teaching. You are making a difference in the world, and I am honored to be by your side.
28. Happy Teachers Day to the most amazing educator I know and the most loving girlfriend I could ask for. Keep changing the world, one student at a time.
29. Your knowledge, experience, and unwavering commitment to your students are an inspiration to us all. Happy Teachers Day, my love!
30. You are a teacher, a mentor, and a friend to your students. Your impact on their lives is truly profound. You are an amazing girlfriend and an extraordinary educator. Happy Teachers Day!
1. What are some romantic Teachers Day wishes for my girlfriend?
Answer: Some romantic Teachers Day wishes for your girlfriend could be, "You may be my girlfriend, but to me, you're the most amazing teacher. Happy Teachers Day, my love!" or "Not only are you a fantastic girlfriend, but also an amazing teacher. Thank you for all that you do. Happy Teachers Day!"
2. How can I make my Teachers Day wish to my girlfriend stand out?
Answer: To make your Teachers Day wish to your girlfriend stand out, add a personal touch, such as recalling a specific memorable moment where she taught you something valuable or adding a funny inside joke you both share.
3. Is it appropriate to wish my girlfriend a happy Teachers Day if she's not a teacher?
Answer: If your girlfriend is not a teacher, it may not be appropriate to wish her a happy Teachers Day. Instead, you can wish her a happy Women's Day or simply express your appreciation for all of her efforts and hard work.
4. What are some creative ways to wish my girlfriend a happy Teachers Day?
Answer: Creative ways to wish your girlfriend a happy Teachers Day can include writing a personalized poem or song, creating a video montage of your favorite memories together, or surprising her with a special gift or dinner.
5. Do I need to be specific about what subject my girlfriend teaches in my Teachers Day wish?
Answer: You do not necessarily need to be specific about the subject your girlfriend teaches in your Teachers Day wish, but it may add an extra thoughtful touch if you do. Alternatively, you can simply express your appreciation for her hard work and dedication as a teacher.
On this Teachers' Day, let us appreciate the hard work and dedication of our educators who shape the future of our society. As you wish your girlfriend who is a teacher, remind her of the impact she has on her students' lives and how valuable her role is in shaping their future. Make her feel loved and appreciated for the effort she puts in each day. Celebrate her passion for teaching, and let her know how proud you are of the person she is. Wish her a Happy Teachers' Day, and thank her for all the lessons she has taught you.


Jonathan Aldrich
Carnegie Mellon University
Ownership Domains: High-level Reasoning about Object Aliasing
Shared, mutable state is endemic in object-oriented programs, causing significant problems in understanding and evolving object-oriented software systems. Ownership types provide a lightweight way to state and enforce high-level constraints on aliasing, enabling separate reasoning about the state of different parts of the program.
However, previous ownership type proposals have tied the aliasing policy of a system to the mechanism of ownership. As a result, these proposals are too weak to express many important aliasing constraints, yet also so restrictive that they prohibit many useful programming idioms.
In this talk, I will describe Ownership Domains, which decouple encapsulation policy from the mechanism of ownership in two key ways. First, developers can specify multiple ownership domains for each object, permitting a fine-grained control of aliasing compared to systems that provide only one ownership domain for each object. Second, developers can specify the permitted aliasing between each pair of domains in the system, providing more flexibility compared to systems that enforce a fixed policy for inter-domain aliasing. Because it decouples policy from mechanism, our alias control system is both more precise and more flexible than previous ownership type systems.
This is joint work with Craig Chambers at the University of Washington.
Principles of Programming Seminars
Friday, January 23, 2004
3:30 p.m.
Wean Hall 8220


I came across this question which I initially ignored believing that the data was insufficient:
Calculate the pressure exerted by one mole of $\ce{CO2}$ gas at $\pu{273 K}$ if the van der Waals' constant $a = \pu{3.592 dm^6 atm mol^{-2}}$. Assume that the volume occupied by $\ce{CO2}$ molecules is negligible.
I saw that I had 2 variables $P$ and $V$ and logically from what I'd dealt with with real gases I concluded that there must not be a unique solution, but the answer (which can be incorrect) mentioned a unique value of $P$.
I tried solving by writing the equation of state:
$$\left(P+\frac{a} {V_\mathrm{m}^2}\right)V_\mathrm{m} = RT$$
By writing it as a quadratic in V we get
The discriminant of this quadratic is $D = R^2T^2 - 4aP$.
This implies that not all pressures are feasible since $D<0$ for some values of $P$. But for most other values of $P$, $D>0$ which implies that there are 2 values of $V_\mathrm{m}$ for a certain $P$. But looking at the compressibility factor ($Z$) vs $P$ graphs for various gases I found that for a certain $P$ there was only one $Z$ at a temperature, which means there should be only one solution? So the only possibility is that $D=0$ which yields a fixed value of $P$ and hence a fixed value of $V_\mathrm{m}$. That gave me the right answer.
But that seems really wrong since temperature alone shouldn't be able to dictate a unique state and that also implies that volume or a real gas is independent of the volume of container which sounds terribly wrong.
I strongly feel $D=0$ caused this but I don't see why not.
I would like to observe only the gaseous state, i.e, set the temperature above the Critical Temperature.
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ Why do you think that having multiple possible values for V is illogical? $\endgroup$ Jul 2 at 15:08
 - $\begingroup$ _USER_ I have looked at the compressibility factor (z) vs pressure for various curves and have found that there was only one z for a given p $\endgroup$ Jul 2 at 16:35
 - $\begingroup$ Hence doesn't that mean there is only one volume for a certain (p,z) pair? $\endgroup$ Jul 2 at 16:36
 - $\begingroup$ [The remaining contents of my original comment have been removed, since the edits have rendered them obsolete.] Please see: FAQ: How can I format math/chemistry expressions on Chemistry Stack Exchange?. $\endgroup$
 – orthocresol
 Jul 2 at 16:55
 - 3
 $\begingroup$ I couldn't comment because I have less reputation to do so, but I wanted to suggest looking at this text here _URL_… Although it worked in your case, all roots may not be identical and at subcritical temperatures, 2 of the 3 roots (if real), do have a physical significance $\endgroup$
 – Anmoldeep
 Jul 3 at 19:12
Fundamentally, the problem is in the problem statement. The proper form for the Van der Waals equation is
which would give a cubic equation when we try to isolate the molar volume. It is this cubic equation that usually has one or three roots that can be correlated with the possible phases, as described in the other answers. Apparently the bookmakers wanted to simplify the equation to a quadratic one, but in so doing they give it spurious mathematical properties which do not match the physics and thus confuse you.
The quadratic equation is accurate in the limit of high temperature and low pressure, where the liquid volume can indeed be ignored... for the larger root only. The smaller root in this situation will be smaller than the liquid volume which the full VdW equation models as $b$, so properly putting in that $b$ term would blow that small root out of the water. The small root is not really a root, even approximately.
So pick the larger of the two roots which is the only one that really matches with the proper VdW equation.
The van der Wals expression can be shown graphically at constant temperature by the curve ABCDEFG in following diagramm, if the temperature is lower thant the critical temperature. enter image description here
Try to follow the line. Start at A with a large volume of gas and a small pressure. Increase the pressure. The volume decreases from A to B and C. But after C, along CDE, the volume and the pressure decrease simultaneously : this is absurd and ridiculous. Something should be done to explain this stupid CDE fragment. After E, the line EFG makes sense : the pressure must increase to get a smaller volume.
The reason of the nonsense is that when going from A to B, something new happened to the compressed gas. At B, the first drop of liquid appears. The system has to be cooled, but when the volume decreases to V < V(B), the pressure and the temperature do not change. The amount of liquid gets more and more important. When it arrives in F, the gas is totally transformed into a liquid. So the behavior of the system is described by the horizontal line BDF. If on wants to still decrease the volume, the pressure becomes quickly very high, as everybody knows that liquids are nearly incompressible.
So the compression of a gas A is described by the line ABDFG, where the surface BCD is equal to the surface DEF. The line AB corresponds to a gas. The horizontal line BDF corresponds to two phases (gas and liquid). The line FG corresponds to a liquid. The two solutions of van der Wals equation correspond to the points F and B.
Your Answer


Alcohol, diet soda may be bad mix - KCTV5
Alcohol, diet soda may be bad mix
By Leslie Wade, CNN
updated 4:53 PM EST, Tue Feb 5, 2013
(CNN) -- Saving calories at the bar may not be a good thing.
Researchers gave college students vodka drinks with regular soda and with diet soda, and the diet soda group got more intoxicated, faster - about 20% more intoxicated than those who mixed regular soda with liquor, according to research published Tuesday in the journal Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research. Sugar in your mixed drink actually slows down the effects of alcohol, researchers say.
Though it was a very small study, only eight women and eight men, the findings closely match previous research linking diet drinks and increased alcohol levels in the body.
Scientists at Northern Kentucky University asked students who were social drinkers to come to their lab on separate days to test the effects of alcohol. During one visit, the students drank vodka with diet soda and at another session they mixed the vodka with a sugar-sweetened soft drink. Each beverage had the potency of about four mixed drinks, a dose that has been shown to raise blood alcohol levels to about the legal driving limit. At each visit, the students downed their drink in about 10 minutes.
Using breath tests to measure alcohol levels, researchers found that students who drank vodka and regular soda registered just under the legal limit. But drinking the vodka-diet soda mixture tipped students over the limit.
"What you choose to mix your alcohol with could possibly be the difference between breaking or not breaking the law," says study author Cecile Marczinski, assistant professor in the Department of Psychological Science at Northern Kentucky University in Highland Heights, Kentucky.
The students also completed computer tasks testing their reaction times, mimicking what they might face while driving. Those drinking the diet soda were slower to react.
But the students said they felt the same no matter what they drank, even though tests showed the diet drinkers were about one-fifth more intoxicated. To put that in perspective, you'd have to add almost a whole other shot of vodka to the sugar-sweetened drink to equal the potency of the diet drink mixture.
"The subjects were unaware of this difference, as measured by various subjective ratings including feelings of intoxication, impairment, and willingness to drive," says Marczinski.
Another study measuring alcohol levels in people leaving bars or night clubs also found that diet soda/liquor drinkers were more impaired.
"Marczinski's findings are very consistent with what we've found in the field in a natural drinking environment. When the mixer is diet soda, the bar patrons tend to have somewhat higher intoxication levels than when they consume regular soda," says Dennis Thombs, professor and chair of the Department of Behavioral and Community Health, School of Public Health at the University of North Texas in Fort Worth.
People often mix diet soda and alcohol to save on calories. And women make this choice more than men. But Marczinski says it's not worth the trade-offs."It's much more harmful to the brain, to your liver, if you have a higher blood alcohol level. A few extra calories is not going to make that much difference (in your weight)," says Marczinski. In her study, students drinking the diet mixture only reduced their calorie count by 130.
Why do people get more intoxicated when they go for diet instead of regular soda with their booze? It has to do with digestion. The diet soda mixture passes quickly through the stomach, putting alcohol into our bloodstream faster.
That's not the case with regular soda and liquor. Experts say the stomach treats this combination as if it's food. Digestion slows everything down, delaying the release of alcohol into our system, and spreading it out over a longer period of time.
"I think the takeaway from this study is, don't trust your judgment about intoxication levels, you may be off," says Marczinski. "And many times people think they're safe to drive and they are in fact not."
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