text:
The FAIR Principles were published in 2016 to serve as guidelines for improving the Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reusability of scientific data. Albeit data can only be FAIR when provided with metadata, researchers rely on infrastructures to set a framework. Hence, FAIR(ness) addresses both stakeholders publishing data and those providing infrastructures, such as repositories.
The ultimate goal of FAIR (data) is to drive science and the production of new datasets, as it allows researchers to build on existing comprehensively annotated studies. In plant biology, this, e.g., can accelerate the innovation process of generating new crop species that provide a higher nutritional content or show a superior heat tolerance, regarding global warming. Submitting your proteomics dataset for such a new species in a standardized file format to a repository, e.g. [PRIDE][EBI-PRIDE], would be one implementation of the FAIR Principles. While researchers need to be able to find and understand published datasets, computers need to handle (big) data depending on the intended use case. Thus, the FAIR principles also aim to improve the machine-readability of datasets for autonomous processing, while preserving human-readability.
The first step in (re)using data is to find them. Metadata and data should be easy to find for both humans and computers, including machine-readable metadata that are essential for automatic discovery of your datasets and services.
A persistent identifier (PID) is a long-lasting reference, typically used in the context of digital resources accessible over the internet, in this case your dataset. Globally unique and persistent identifiers allow finding your data in the first place. Continuous availability of the digital object is guaranteed by registry providers, which maintain the link to the actual dataset.
A PID you have probably already heard of as most biological journals assign them to manuscripts, is the Digital Object Identifier (DOI). Your personal 16-digit ORCID or the accession number of your RNASeq dataset on GEO also represent examples for PIDs. An overview which scientific repositories assign which type of PID can be found at the registry of research data repositories (re3data.org).
To enable (automatic) findability of your dataset, it is essential for humans and computers to understand its content. This is supported by comprehensive metadata in a standardized format about the dataset (how it was generated), its context (including associated data), or associated publications. This aspect goes hand in hand with making your data reusable and is therefore additionally addressed during metadata attributes (R1). As creator of the data, you should always keep in mind that it is best to provide as much information as possible, as others will generally profit from more input. Repository providers set the framework for this aspect by giving researchers the possibility to fully describe their datasets with proper metadata.
Your data need to be assigned with a globally unique and persistent identifier (F1). Accordingly, this identifier must be included in your metadata file to link the information to the corresponding data file. A requirement, which must be ensured by infrastructure providers. Even though your dataset might not have been published, and archived subsequently, the PID included in the metadata can link you as the responsible contact person for the dataset. Thereby, the PID can still help other researchers to find your data and you in increasing your reach.
Repositories ensure that metadata of a submitted dataset are filed in a machine-readable format to enable indexing. The indices of your metadata are used to efficiently search and find datasets. Once again it needs to be highlighted, that you should equip your metadata with as much information as possible, as more input simplifies the searching process.
Once users find your data, they need to know how they can access it, possibly including authentication and authorization.
Standardized communication protocols, in combination with persistent identifiers, can guarantee access to your datasets, as links are maintained by the identifier providers. Examples of such protocols are http(s) or ftp(s). Accordingly, the combination of protocol and PID could look like. Protocols with poor documentation or elements that need human assistance should be avoided, as these lead to hurdles in accessing data. For highly sensitive data it can be an option to provide an email or telephone number of a contact person, as fully mechanized protocols cannot guarantee secure access.
Infrastructure providers should use free (no-cost), open-source protocols. Thus, these protocols are globally implementable and can grant researchers around the globe access to the data, at least to the metadata. As researcher, you can maximize the reuse of your data if you share your data with repositories that follow these criteria. Avoid proprietary and non-standard protocols.
At this point it is very important to differentiate between "accessible" and "open" data. The "A" in FAIR does not imply that you are required to grant free access for everyone to your data, but rather to specify conditions under which the data are accessible. Even protected data are FAIR, if requirements were defined on how the data can be retrieved. These must be processable automatically by a system, e.g. a repository, and can be especially necessary for sensitive data.
An example for this case is a private and thereby, non-visible repository on GitLab, accessible only to defined users. As owner of the GitLab repository, you can select these users and researchers simply identify using the GitLab sign-in. Accordingly, the mechanism to allow users to identify themselves, belongs to the responsibility of the infrastructure provider.
Metadata and actual datasets should be stored in separate files. In this way, your metadata can and should persist even when the dataset was archived or is no longer supported (due to evolving technologies), as storing metadata is generally easier and cheaper. Researchers and infrastructure providers can thereby ensure that a link to responsible contact persons remains available and that researchers do not waste time searching for the data. This will also help you as the data provider to maintain your reach.
To make your data reusable, it needs to interoperate with applications or workflows for analysis, storage, and processing.
Besides other researchers, with whom you want to discuss and exchange your (newest) discoveries, your data can be processed by machines. This should be possible without human assistance or any additional algorithms, tools, or mappings specifically developed for this use case. Interoperability typically means that each computer system at least has knowledge of the other system's data exchange formats. Hence, using a good data model, to describe and structure your (meta)data and using commonly used controlled vocabularies, ontologies, and thesauri, each with globally unique PIDs, strongly supports you in generating interoperable data that can be found automatically. This holds especially true for metadata, as they contextualize your dataset and in the ideal case avoid any kind of questions or confusion.
Ontologies and controlled vocabularies you use to describe your datasets need to be documented and resolvable using globally unique PIDs. These documentations include authors, definitions of terms and cross-references to other ontologies. Additionally, the documentation needs to be accessible and findable by anyone who uses the dataset, e.g., by a URL included in your metadata.
Datasets are not static since they can evolve through extension by additional data or analyses by new algorithms. In such cases you generate newer versions of your data, which need to be stated as such by qualified references. Qualified references are cross-references that explain their intent, meaning in our example that characterizing V1 as the previous version of V2 of your dataset is a much more qualified reference than simply describing the two versions as related. Correspondingly, you should provide as many meaningful links as possible, preferably via PIDs, between datasets that build on other datasets, additional datasets needed to complete a dataset, or complementary information stored in a different dataset.
The ultimate goal of FAIR is to optimise the reuse of data. To achieve this, metadata and data should be well-described so that they can be replicated and/or combined in different settings.
Principle R1 is related to F2, but focuses on assisting humans and machines to decide if your data is actually useful in a particular context. This can be facilitated by giving as much standardized information as possible on the context under which and how the data was generated, e.g. "Which specific strain was used?" or "Under which parameters was the mass spectrometer?", but also "simple" information as the manufacturer of an incubator or sensor. As author of your dataset you cannot expect other researchers to be familiar with your methods or domain. Therefore, you should be as generous as possible in providing metadata and even include information that seem irrelevant to you. As infrastructure provider you should give researchers the option to include a variety of metadata, including optional and free-text fields. Exemplary questions that need to be answered by the metadata are:
You should clearly describe the usage rights for your data and include it in your metadata, as ambiguity could severely limit its reuse. Hence, the conditions under which the data can be used should be clear to machines and humans and can, e.g., be represented in form of a license. For scientific data, Creative Commons licenses are commonly used.
Ultimately, this point means nothing more than "where does your (meta)data originate from?" This includes a humanand machine-readable description of persons who collected the data, the workflows used to generate your data, information on additional external data, but also different versions of the data, amongst others. This information must be linked via PIDs. Always keep in mind that other researchers want to be just as much acknowledged for their work as you.
Researchers find it easiest to reuse data, if they are familiar with the type of data, file formats (well-established and sustainable), how the (meta)data is organized, and if commonly used vocabularies and ontologies are integrated.
FAIR data should at least meet minimal information standards, such as MIAPPE, MIAME, or MIAPE (see also metadata).


text:
This paper examines the current educational discourse on work and learning and explores conceptualisations of work-connected learning; in particular, work-based, work-related and workplace learning. It is argued that varying definitions of work-associated learning has led to conceptual confusion in the literature. Through a conceptual analysis of the three terms, current usage is problematized. The term work learning is introduced in the paper as an overarching term that refers to any and all of these three forms of learning. Indeed, it is proposed as an umbrella term for any learning that is connected with some form of work in order to aid discussion. Within this remit, many learning forms can be identified; however, it is argued that there is a need for clarification as current conceptualisations are often conflicting.
|Journal||Work Based Learning e-Journal International|
|Early online date||1 Dec 2015|
|Publication status||E-pub ahead of print - 1 Dec 2015|
- Typology of learning
- conceptual analysis
- work learning
- educational discourse.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
10 Essential Steps to a Successful Building Project
Embarking on a building project with KD Building Company, whether it's a new home, a commercial space, or a renovation, can be an exciting endeavor. However, it also comes with a host of challenges and complexities that require careful planning and execution. To ensure your building project is a resounding success, it's essential to follow a structured approach. In this blog post, we'll walk you through the ten essential steps to guarantee a successful building project, from the initial concept to the final finishing touches.
1. Define Your Goals and Objectives:
The first step in any building project is to define your goals and objectives. What is the purpose of the building? What are your specific requirements and desires? Clearly articulating your objectives will guide all subsequent decisions and actions.
2. Develop a Realistic Budget:
Creating a budget is one of the most critical aspects of a building project. Determine how much you are willing to invest in the project and be realistic about your financial capabilities. Factor in not only construction costs but also contingencies for unexpected expenses.
3. Assemble Your Project Team:
A successful building project relies on a capable and cohesive team. This team typically includes architects, engineers, contractors, and subcontractors. Ensure that you choose experienced and qualified professionals who understand your vision.
4. Obtain Necessary Permits and Approvals:
Navigating the legal and regulatory aspects of construction can be a complex process. Ensure that you acquire all the required permits, licenses, and approvals from local authorities before commencing work to avoid costly delays and legal issues.
5. Design and Plan:
Work closely with your architects and designers to create detailed blueprints and plans for your project. This stage involves making critical decisions about layout, materials, and aesthetics, so take your time to get it right.
6. Select Quality Materials:
The choice of materials can greatly influence the longevity and sustainability of your building. Invest in high-quality, durable materials that align with your budget and design goals.
7. Hire a Reliable Contractor:
Choosing a reputable and reliable general contractor is pivotal to your project's success. Look for a contractor with a track record of delivering on time and within budget.
8. Monitor Progress Closely:
Throughout the construction phase, maintain regular communication with your project team. Frequent site visits and updates will help you address issues promptly and ensure the project stays on track.
9. Quality Control and Inspections:
Never compromise on quality. Regular inspections and quality control measures will help identify and rectify issues before they become costly problems.
10. Finish with Care:
The final step involves putting the finishing touches on your building. Pay attention to detail, aesthetics, and functionality. Ensure all systems are fully operational, and the space is ready for occupancy.
Successfully completing a building project is a complex undertaking, but by following these ten essential steps, you can significantly increase your chances of a positive outcome. Remember that patience, careful planning, and a dedicated project team are key to achieving your vision and creating a building that meets your objectives and expectations. Whether it's your dream home, a new business space, or a renovation project, these steps will guide you toward a successful building project.


+39 _PHONE_ _EMAIL_
Crowea, sometimes known as waxflower, is a small shrub endemic to the Australian's states of Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria. It is quite popular as a garden plant thanks to its appealing appearance. It generally grows up to one meter in height and it presents elongated dark-green leaves. Its five-petalled flowers are deep pink, they have a diameter of 4 cm and bloom from autumn throughout winter until the beginning of spring.


text:
The Thief's Game
300 years ago the noble houses of the great city Talon's Reach nearly destroyed themselves in a House War. To stop further bloodshed the king of Talon's Reach called together a court to be held to put an end to the war. The five surviving houses eventually agreed to a truce.
Inside the peace treaty was a clause however, commonly called "The Sliver Lining." While direct confrontation between the houses was outlawed, the houses would use the still young Thieves guild to carry out their intrigue. Such Contracts became the norm, and even remotely successful thieves became celebrities. Today the Peace Treaty continues to exist, as people from all over the Talon's Reach come to the local guild to play the Thief's Game.


As the new year begins and the school year rolls on through winter, there is a new concern that looms for educators and students. At least one report has brought up the question about Regents exams in New York this year.
I remember when I attended high school in East Aurora and having the option to take Regents courses. I remember the math books were a different color for each year of Regents that we took. I may not remember much about the actual match, but I sure remember the books for some reason.
We have a son in Pre-K and it has been a great experience watching him learn. He attends school in-person twice a week and is on a remote learning class a few other times a week. His normal learning routine includes computers and wearing a mask when at school. It is something that would have never seemed possible even a few years ago let alone when I was in school in the 1990s.
As we wait for the vaccine for COVID-19 to be administered to the public, remote learning will be around for at least the rest of this year in one way or another. While most of the schools in Western New York are back to classes in some fashion, Buffalo schools plan to go back to in-person around February 1.
Top 10 Public High Schools in WNY


text:
Natural light possesses the magic to transform spaces, promoting a sense of warmth, openness, and vitality that artificial lighting struggles to replicate. The power of sun rays can invigorate our homes, offices, and other living spaces, enhancing mood, improving productivity, and even offering health benefits.
This guide explores the dynamic world of glass installations – a remarkable solution for those seeking to harness and augment the presence of natural light in their spaces.
Benefits of Natural Light
Natural light is an essential element that contributes to the overall health and well-being of individuals. Studies show that regular exposure to sunlight can improve mood, reduce stress levels, and increase productivity.
The vitamin D produced by the sun's ultraviolet (UV) rays can also strengthen bones, balance hormones, and prevent certain types of cancer. Moreover, natural light is free, which not only saves money on electricity bills but also contributes to environmental sustainability.
Why Choose Glass Installations?
Glass installations are a unique way to introduce natural light into our spaces. While traditional windows offer the conventional route for sunlight to enter a room, they are limited by space and direction. Glass installations, on the other hand, can be placed on any wall or ceiling surface and allow natural light to flow in from multiple directions.
Moreover, glass installations come in various forms – from skylights and roof lanterns to glass doors and walls. These options offer flexibility in design, allowing individuals to choose the most suitable installation for their space and needs.
Additionally, glass installations come in various glass types, including frosted, tinted, or reflective glass. Each of these options offers a unique aesthetic appeal while still allowing natural light to filter through. Professionals can tell you more about each type and how it fits your home, so visit their website to learn more.
How Glass Installations Enhance Natural Light
Glass installations are designed to optimize the amount of natural light entering a space. By incorporating large glass panels or multiple glass installations in a room, you can enjoy increased natural light and the benefits it offers. Glass is also an excellent reflector of light, so even smaller spaces can appear brighter and more open.
Moreover, because glass installations allow sunlight to enter from different angles, they provide a more natural distribution of light throughout the day. This eliminates glare and shadows, creating a more comfortable and inviting atmosphere for occupants.
Glass Installations and Energy Efficiency
In addition to enhancing natural light, glass installations can also contribute to energy efficiency. With the right glass type and installation placement, they can help regulate indoor temperatures by reducing heat loss during colder months and blocking excess heat during hotter months. This results in lower energy consumption and utility costs.
Furthermore, glass installations reduce the need for artificial lighting during the day, reducing energy consumption and its associated costs. This makes them a sustainable option for those looking to minimize their environmental impact.
Incorporating glass installations into a space is an effective way to enhance natural light and reap its numerous benefits. With various options available, individuals can choose installations that best suit their space and needs, all while contributing to a more sustainable environment. So, whether it's for your home or office, consider the numerous advantages of incorporating glass installations to bring natural light into your living spaces.


text:
One common reason customers send products back is because they were damaged in transit. With high volumes of shipping, some degree of damage is bound to happen at least once, but that doesn't mean these rates can't be lowered or avoided. Understanding what can damage shipments, and how they can be remedied, is a basic step in properly running a fulfillment service.
What Causes Shipping Damage and How Can it Be Prevented?
There are numerous ways a product can be damaged in-transit. Some are more obvious than others.
Impact: This falls under "obvious" but there are a few details here that are worth mentioning. A product doesn't have to be dropped to take impact damage. If there is too much empty space in the package or around the box itself, the product can shift suddenly and be damaged in the event that, say, a delivery truck takes a sharp turn. Packing peanuts can help fill any voids in the packaging, and air bags or other containers can help keep things steady in a spacious cargo van. Ensuring transport vehicles are properly balanced and having properly-maintained suspensions can help as well, since this will cut down on any road vibrations products are exposed to.
Moisture: Water damage can come from unlikely sources. If a package is improperly sealed, moisture can infiltrate from outside and affect sensitive products. Alternatively, shifting temperature and humidity can cause excessive condensation to build up—a hazard on long-distance shipments. The use of high-quality, pressure-sensitive tape can provide an impenetrable seal and the use of desiccants, like silica gel packets, can address condensation.
Handling: Fragile products need to have their packages marked clearly as such and fulfillment workers must respect these indicators. Additionally, it needs to be clear that packages which require special equipment, such as a forklift, are handled appropriately and without corners being cut. Impact, shock, and tilt indicators are relatively cheap devices that can be attached to boxes and indicate if the relevant form of mishandling occurred. This will let you identify where on the supply chain the problem is happening and properly investigate and resolve the issue.
Employee training is an important consideration here. Fulfillment and shipping workers deal with untold numbers of packages large and small each day. Whether out of boredom or a desire for increased speed, it's not uncommon for workers to start tossing packages to each other or even kicking them out of the way. Some products can take this abuse. Others cannot. Proper employee training is needed to make sure workers understand that convenience can't come at the cost of damaged goods. Proper monitoring and documentation of supply chain stages is an important quality control measure.
APS Fulfillment, Inc. is a specialist in direct mail marketing and warehouse order fulfillment based in Florida. We've safely stored, sorted, and delivered products of all shapes and sizes for all kinds of companies and industries. Take a look at our website and contact us for more tips on how to identify the best fulfillment shipping service.


Study Guide
Go West Lyrics
(Go west) Life is peaceful there
(Go west) In the open air
Quick Thought
"Go West" is about a utopian dream, not far in basic concept from the visions of poets like Walt Whitman (to whom all of America was a potential utopia) or Percy Shelley.
Deep Thought
Unfortunately, the rhyme and rhythm is a little less brilliant in "Go West" than in something like Shelley's "Ode to the West Wind." This might be because "Go West" was written by the same poetic geniuses who wrote the lyrics to the song "Y.M.C.A." ("It's fun to stay at the Y-M-C-A.")
In other words, we think it's probably safe to assert that, although disco has several assets, clever wording isn't one of them. The clichés associated with the topic of utopia make it even easier to shirk serious writing on the subject.
(Together) We will love the beach
(Together) We will learn and teach
Quick Thought
This pleasantly elementary couplet is actually a reference to the gay utopia once imagined to await men in the faraway land of San Francisco.
Deep Thought
San Francisco had beaches, sailors, and free love; in the late 1960s and the 1970s, one of the rallying cries of the gay community (emerging from decades of closeted secrecy) was the cry to "go west" to California.
The Village People wrote this lyric as a playfully innocent take on the glory and greatness of an imagined gay promised land. Because the song never makes overt mention of anything gay, lines like this were something of an inside joke with gay audiences.
(Go west) This is our destiny (aah)
Quick Thought
The idea that the west is a "destiny" draws on the racially and religiously charged ideal known as Manifest Destiny.
Deep Thought
In the early 1800s, European colonists developed a belief that they were destined by God to rule the entire land now known as the United States, "from sea to shining sea." This belief, called Manifest Destiny, drove the violent and bloody assault on Native-American communities by the U.S. government.
It also drove government policies that granted western lands to white settlers to encourage them to settle there. Some people believed that coast-to-coast dominance was the God-given right of the settlers, which served as a justification for violent land grabs. Although the song isn't really about Manifest Destiny, this line certainly seems to reference it.


text:
By Norman M. Bradburn,Seymour Sudman,Brian Wansink
Read or Download Asking Questions: The Definitive Guide to Questionnaire Design -- For Market Research, Political Polls, and Social and Health Questionnaires (Research Methods for the Social Sciences) PDF
Best psychological research books
This mind-opening tackle indigenous psychology offers a multi-level research of tradition to border the variations among chinese language and Western cognitive and emotive kinds. japanese and Western cultures are obvious the following as replicate photos by way of rationality, relational pondering, and symmetry or concord.
This e-book offers a accomplished evaluation of non-public build psychology (PCP) that would aid researchers comprehend the why's, what is and how's of undertaking a rigorous constructivist examine venture. From the theoretical underpinnings of constructivist techniques to the sensible values of those concepts, those 3 professional authors clarify how you can behavior interpretative, constructivist learn from inception to of completion.
During this severe reader, the easiest writing of 2 dozen key figures in qualitative examine is collected jointly to assist scholars to spot rising issues within the box and the most recent deliberating the leaders in qualitative inquiry. those groundbreaking articles are pulled from a decade of social justice-focused plenary volumes emanating from the yearly foreign Congress of Qualitative Inquiry.
This ebook examines violence. It appears on the nature and kinds of violence, the reasons of violence, and the emotional wake left via violent episodes. within the 20th century, the realm skilled international wars and numerous different wars. Many hundreds of thousands died violent deaths from homicide, demise squads, purges, riots, revolutions, ethnic detoxification, rape, theft, household violence, suicide, gang violence, terrorist acts, genocide, and in lots of alternative ways.
- Methods for Disaster Mental Health Research
- Communicating for Success: The Secrets of Persuasion
- The Oxford Handbook of Quantitative Methods, Volume 1: Foundations (Oxford Library of Psychology)
- Reframing Health Behavior Change With Behavioral Economics
- Multilevel Analysis of Individuals and Cultures
Extra info for Asking Questions: The Definitive Guide to Questionnaire Design -- For Market Research, Political Polls, and Social and Health Questionnaires (Research Methods for the Social Sciences)


The typical outage or voltage dip rarely lasts more than a few seconds. A properly sized UPS will provide that much ride-through.
Do battery-based UPSs give you the blues? Perhaps you should consider the advantages of a flywheel UPS. In some applications, this battery-free UPS can supplement a battery-based UPS — or even be used in place of that UPS.
The battery blues
When you think of UPSs, you probably think of batteries. After all, most UPSs chemically store energy in battery cells. Unfortunately, batteries can cause many complications. Batteries require extensive maintenance, considerable expertise, and lots of floor space — all of which is expensive. Because of the time required to build a wet cell battery, orders have long lead times. And thanks to Internet-fueled demand, lead times can be an entire year.
To further aggravate matters, batteries fail well before their rated backup time in today's cost-cutting, maintenance-averse world. The battery failure causes shown in the sidebar, on page PQ18, are preventable — but only through the use of resources most owners don't provide. Batteries work fine if management commits to maintaining them, but typically management will cut costs at any price. That's the great weakness of batteries — they are not items you can buy and forget.
Fortunately, battery-free UPSs (such as flywheels) are an option. Unlike batteries, the flywheel UPS uses a mechanical means of storing energy. Let's consider some applications for flywheel UPS technology.
Applications for a flywheel UPS
Many people measure backup quality in minutes — they think the more, the better. However, this metric is unrealistic for most applications. The typical outage or voltage dip rarely lasts more than a few seconds. Thus, you need just a few seconds of ride-through per event. A properly sized UPS will provide just that.
Today's flywheel UPSs use a single conversion design and don't have long backup times. So, on first examination, it appears the flywheel UPS isn't suitable for a data center. Let's look at why this assumption is shaky.
Suppose you get 10 voltage dips or outages in a typical week. That means 10 hits to your batteries. Anyone familiar with batteries knows they last much longer when you don't use them. A cell degrades with each use — no matter how small. That's why you can use it only so many times before it wears out.
We know the rated life spans of batteries are optimistic at best. Five years is a typical limit to a cell's life. Thus, you will take your battery out of service at least once every five years, in addition to normal maintenance. However, the flywheel UPS has a service life of 20 years.
A flywheel UPS (placed ahead of your batteries) eliminates most hits your batteries take and increases cell life significantly. The resultant longer replacement cycle reduces purchase costs and saves your battery capacity for when you really need it. Plus, you have the flywheel UPS online during cell changeout.
Do the cost savings absorb the cost of the added flywheel UPS? That depends on many factors, and in some cases you may not justify the cost. But such an application is certainly worth exploring, especially if you risk downtime during each cycle of battery replacement.
Here's another application to consider. The Achilles' heel of standby generator systems is the battery. By using a flywheel UPS to start your generator, you eliminate the cause of most generator system failures. Now let's look at some other advantages that flywheels provide.
Known ride-through
What's the real capacity of a battery system? Given the rampant inattention to battery maintenance, few owners can estimate their available battery ride-through time within 50%. But by using a flywheel-based UPS, you know the exact speed of the flywheel and the amount of energy it stores. So, you know the available ride-through time.
Temperature insensitivity
Chemical storage is a temperature-sensitive proposition. Batteries lose capacity as temperature rises. But, it gets worse. In the interest of saving square footage, many owners stack cells three and four tiers high. This creates several problems, including a temperature gradient between each tier. That gradient makes it impossible to set up a proper float charge for the whole battery.
A flywheel UPS can operate at temperatures as high as 40°C. In models currently on the market, the form factor eliminates the temptation to stack one on top of the other. But even if you did stack these, the temperature gradient would be irrelevant.
Ventilation not required
The flywheel UPS doesn't produce gas, whereas UPS batteries do. A wet-cell battery requires frequently changed, relatively cool air. Without adequate ventilation, a buildup of combustible gases produces an unacceptable situation. While valve regulated lead acid (VRLA) batteries have been hyped as "maintenance-free," they are actually more maintenance-intensive than wet cells. They also require some degree of ventilation.
Low space requirements
Batteries require huge rooms for housing — and that means ample floor space. For example, the five-minute battery of a 400kW UPS requires about 200 sq ft. This translates into 200 sq ft of support space for every 2000 sq ft of raised floor. System redundancy can increase the floor space requirement to 400 sq ft per 2000 sq ft of raised floor. So, nearly 20% of the floor space produces no revenue because of the basic UPS equipment. You need space for ancillary equipment (e.g., air handlers) that accompanies the UPS, too. A comparable flywheel UPS uses about a fourth of the floor space a battery uses, and it doesn't require special air handling.
Reduced weight
A flywheel UPS weighs about a fourth as much as a comparable battery system. The floor loading of a battery requires structural strengthening that may be prohibitively expensive, especially in a high-rise.
Reduced lead times
The lead time for obtaining a battery now runs six to 12 months — depending on what cells you buy and what kind of battery you configure. Flywheel UPS lead time is a fraction of this, at present.
Toxic-waste reduction
The EPA requires you to document every step of battery disposal, from de-installation to receipt of the batteries at a certified recycling facility. The high maintenance requirements of batteries, especially VRLAs, expose maintenance people to dangerous voltages and toxic materials. To avoid exposure to lead dust, you must use special equipment and procedures to clean lead-plated connection bars and battery posts. Batteries also require acid spill containment and spill recovery procedures. Flywheel energy storage systems require very little maintenance and do not involve hazardous materials or toxic substances.
Flywheel in your future?
No single technology can solve all problems, and flywheel technology is no exception. Its weaknesses include a high initial cost and short ride-through. These weaknesses are no problem for some applications, but prohibit the flywheel UPS from replacing a battery-based UPS in others. In those cases, you can often build a strong economic and operational case for using a flywheel UPS to complement and enhance your battery backup. Only a thorough analysis of your system and your company's priorities will tell you which way to go.
Why Batteries Fail Battery cells fail for many reasons, including:
Incorrect battery design
Most designs result in cells stacked too high, too close together, or even facing the wrong direction.
Incorrect floating charge
Owners fail to consider key variables when deciding on the floating charge. For example, cells arranged in tiers will have a different charge requirement for each tier.
Incorrect cell maintenance metrics
Internal cell resistance has a proven high accuracy for determining weak cells, yet most owners rely on hygrometer readings instead. Hygrometer readings are largely irrelevant to determining battery condition. Most owners feel they are saving money by using a cheaper test than ensuring their batteries work. Premature failure is inevitable.
No attention to intercell connectors
There is no excuse for a battery ever to have heavily corroded intercell connectors. Yet, such corrosion seems to be the rule, not the exception.
Untrained maintenance personnel
A huge number of case histories document poor battery-maintenance practices that proper training would have prevented. Some of these practices center on workmanship, basic testing procedures, and even knowing what to look for.


text:
Whether it was decided in the name of sibling bonding or done out of sheer necessity, room-sharing can be a daunting and difficult transition. There are several factors to consider: age difference, gender, personality, and (of course) your own parental sanity.
Here are some tips on how to keep the peace in a shared room:
1. Establish the bedtime rules from the beginning. First of all, set a time for the kids to be in their beds with lights out. Also, explain your expectations for this time: "staying up talking and giggling" versus "silence."
Having a clear routine with rules will help foster harmony and, hopefully, prevent conflict due to differences in sleeping habits. This is especially important for younger children. That being said...
2.... Make adjustments as your children get older, including staggered bedtimes. If there is a solid age gap, you eventually might have to adjust bedtimes or create different bedtimes for each child. For example, your six year old won't have to go to bed at the same time as a two year old. In this case, having an earlier set bedtime for the younger and a later set bedtime for the older could be appropriate. However, although the time changes, the other "routine rules" should still apply.
3. Create a personal space for each child and honor their individual needs for privacy. It is important for each child to have parts of the room that are theirs alone. Whether that be their bed, their books or their toys, having some personal space prevents feeling cramped and fosters a sense of ownership. In addition, everyone needs some sense of privacy--which can be especially hard when you share a room.
One way to create a private, personal space for your child is to use a Snoozeenie. It can be placed on either side of the bed and helps block light, stifle sound, and
Also, it can be a handy "monster shield" for those scary nights ;)
(Please note: Snoozeenie should NEVER be used in cribs or very young children. Be smart!)
4. Make a "sleep sanctuary" with the use of sound soothers, Snoozeenie, night lights, or whatever else is needed! Create an optimal sleep environment for your children. If they are both young and prone to night terrors, perhaps a night light in the hallway is appropriate. Purchase a sound soother or white noise machine if you live near a busy road. A stuffy room requires a fan. Assess the needs of the room and make whatever adjustments necessary!
5. Don't let one child dominate the space. Make it clear from the beginning that it is "____ AND ____'s room." Encourage the use of "ours" and "we." There is a chance that one kid will start to creep onto the other side of the room or imposing their own rules. It is vital to emphasize the importance of sharing and the fact that it is both their space.
6. Don't always expect smooth sailing! Siblings will fight, that is a fact... But don't let conflict discourage you! If you have established a respectful, sharing environment with a clear set of rules, your kids should be able to overcome whatever petty fights arise. That being said, have consequences when the rules are broken and stick to them.
Sharing a room can be a fantastic bonding experience for siblings. It teaches kids how to live with, share with, and grow with another person. A sense of camaraderie and closeness arises that is unique to those who grew up sharing a space.
What advice do you have for children who share a room?


OpenMP topic: Offloading
Experimental html version of downloadable textbook, see
\[ \newcommand\inv{^{-1}}\newcommand\invt{^{-t}} \newcommand\bbP{\mathbb{P}} \newcommand\bbR{\mathbb{R}} \newcommand\defined{ \mathrel{\lower 5pt \hbox{${\equiv\atop\mathrm{\scriptstyle D}}$}}} \] 27.1.1 : Targets and tasks
27.2 : Data on the device
27.3 : Execution on the device
Back to Table of Contents
27 OpenMP topic: Offloading
This chapter explains the mechanisms for offloading work to a GPU.
The memory of a processor and that of an attached GPU are not coherent : there are separate memory spaces and writing data in one is not automatically reflected in the other.
OpenMP transfers data (or maps it) when you enter an construct.
_TAG_ omp target
 // do stuff on the GPU
You can test whether the target region is indeed executed on a device with omp_is_initial_device :
_TAG_ omp target
 if (omp_is_initial_device()) printf("Offloading failed\n");
27.1.1 Targets and tasks
crumb trail: > omp-gpu
The target task. This is a task running on the host, dedicated to managing the offloaded region.
The by a new initial task. This is distinct from the initial task that executes the main program.
The task that created the target task is called the generating task.
By default, the generating task is blocked while the task on the device is running, but adding the This requires a taskwait directive to synchronize host and device.
27.2 Data on the device
crumb trail: > omp-gpu > Data on the device
 - Scalars are treated as they are copied in but not out.
 - Stack arrays
 - Heap arrays are not mapped by default.
For explicit mapping with
_TAG_ omp target map(...)
 // do stuff on the GPU
The following map options exist:
 - map(to: x,y,z) copy from host to device when entering the target region.
 - map(from: x,y,z) copy from devince to host when exiting the target region.
 - map(tofrom: x,y,z) is equivalent to combining the previous two.
 - map(allo: x,y,z) allocates data on the device.
Fortran note
If the compiler can deduce the array bounds and size, it is not necessary to specify them in the 'map' clause.
Data transfer to a device is probably slow, so mapping the data at the start of an offloaded section of code is probably not the best idea. Additionally, in many cases data will stay resident on the device throughout several iterations of, for instance, a time-stepping PDE solver. For such reasons, it is possible to move data onto, and off from, the device explicitly, using the
_TAG_ omp target enter data map(to: x,y)
_TAG_ omp target
 // do something
_TAG_ omp target enter data map(from: x,y)
Also (synchronize data from host to device), (synchronize data to host from device).
27.3 Execution on the device
crumb trail: > omp-gpu > Execution on the device
For parallel execution of a loop on the device use the
_TAG_ omp target teams distribute parallel do
On GPU devices and the like, there is a structure to threads:
 - threads are grouped in and they can be synchronized only within these teams;
 - teams are groups in and no synchronization between leagues is possible inside a target region.
The combination teams distribute splits the iteration space over teams. By default a static schedule is used, but the option However, this combination only gives the chunk of space to the master thread in each team. Next we need parallel for or parallel do to spread the chunk over the threads in the team.
Back to Table of Contents


text:
Aboriginal associations with the park area
Barrington Tops National Park and State Conservation Area overlie the territories of several Aboriginal groups:
- the eastern side is the traditional country of the Worimi and Biripi people
- the southern valleys were occupied by the Gringai clan of the Worimi people
- the western side is Wonnarua country.
The Biripi took in the area between Tuncurry, Taree and Gloucester. Worimi territory extended from Barrington Tops and Forster in the north to Maitland and the Hunter River in the south.
The Worimi, Biripi and Wonnarua were divided into a number of nurras or clans. Nurras were local groups within tribes, each occupying a definite part of the tribal territory. Both the Worimi and Biripi spoke the Kattang language.
Aboriginal people were hunters and gatherers who moved throughout their territory in response to the seasonal availability of food. This meant that the land's resources were naturally replenished.
Clans occupied the valleys year round, visiting the plateaus in spring and summer to gather food. The coastal clans would move to the tops during winter to hunt kangaroos, possums and wombats.
A wide range of plant foods was collected from the lowland forests. The edible fruits found in the Barrington Tops area include:
- orange thorn
- giant stinging tree
- native cherry
- native raspberry
Other traditional plant foods include the bulbs of many orchids and the starch from the crown of tree ferns. There is also a report of starch from stinging tree roots being roasted to make a bread.
When Europeans settled in the Gloucester-Manning area in the 1820s and 1830s, the Aboriginal people lost their homelands to logging, clearing and livestock. Traditional hunting grounds were depleted, and sacred sites were destroyed. Wildlife dwindled. Oral history tells us that by 1840 the natural food supplies were almost exhausted.
Starving Aboriginal people began killing stock. The settlers and government troopers retaliated with random shootings and massacres. Around the Manning River basin, there were reports of waterholes and 'gifts' of food being laced with arsenic, known as 'the Harmony'.
The rugged lands of the Barrington Tops sometimes became a refuge for Aboriginal people, most famously for black outlaw Jimmy Governor.
Today, Barrington Tops National Park and State Conservation Area are important to today's Worimi, Biripi and Wonnarua communities, as an intact part of Aboriginal country.
Aboriginal sites in the park
The Aboriginal occupation of Barrington Tops is recorded in oral history, and in the presence of Aboriginal sites. Sites in the park include:
- open campsites with stone artefacts
- scarred trees
- ceremonial places
- mythological sites recorded in dreaming stories.
The Barrington Tops after colonisation
After government surveyors had explored the Barrington Tops area, 19th-century interest was limited to timbergetting, a little gold exploration, and summer grazing on the tops. At the turn of the 20th century, several large state forests were proclaimed. In 1905, grazier W.H. Edwards built a hut on Edwards Plain which later became a haven for adventurers, naturalists and holidaymakers.
Through the early 20th century, groups of gentlemen made their way to the tops for riding, hunting and fishing holidays. They approached on a bridle trail up The Corker or from the north. Scientific parties soon followed, attracted to the rich variety of landscapes, plants and animals. In 1915, a large expedition of geologists, botanists and entomologists camped at Edwards Hut and collected specimens.
Word of the Barrington Tops' delights spread quickly. In the early 1920s, there was talk of agriculture and a racecourse, golf course, and hydroelectric development. After heavy snow on the plateau in 1923, it was suggested that the area could be a wonderful playground for skiing and skating. In 1934, Newcastle City Council drew up a detailed plan for a tourist resort on the plateau. But road access up the steep southern slope of the plateau proved too difficult, and all the grand plans came to nothing.
The history of the park
Conservationist Myles Dunphy took a long walk over the tops with the Mountain Trails Club in the summer of 1924-5. He suggested a national park 'or better still, a primitive reserve' as an alternative to development. There were protests over logging and roadbuilding, even during World War II.
Through the 1950s, pressure for a national park grew - though others were pushing for more development. In 1959, the government decided to set aside two small areas, one on Gloucester Tops and the other in the Williams River area. The state forest system was also expanded. Finally, in 1969 Barrington Tops National Park was created from around 14,000 hectares of Crown land. Barrington Tops State Conservation Area was created in 2000.
From the 1970s to the 1990s, an intense community debate developed over whether the remaining native forests of NSW should be used for timber production or protected for conservation. Forest areas were progressively withdrawn from logging and added to the national park system. The rainforests were protected first, then the eucalypt forests.
The park was enlarged by major additions in 1984, 1997 and 1999. It was listed as World Heritage in 1986, and the Barrington Wilderness was declared in 1999.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
To begin with, correct the word "petrol" in the question. If the engine is just an internal burning machine as in cars then only a high quality petrol is used as fuel. The planes equipped with jet engines use only aerial kerosene. Though this kerosene is of high quality, is not petrol. After being squirted into the jet engine the kerosene burns explosively. The hot air produced of it forcefully threshes backward, and hence as per Newton's law the plane gets a push. Boeing-747 jumbo jet uses up approximately nine liters of fuel in less than two seconds. But at the time of take-off it is filled up with 1,77,000 liters of fuel, and so the supply lasts for hours. (In 1946 one of the South African jumbo jet had had a non-stop flight of 16,465kms from America-to-Africa, yet at the time of landing it had in it the fuel for two-hour-long flight)
One more interesting thing: There is no separate fuel tank in an airplane, as there is in a car. The fuel is generally filled in the hollow made in four parts in the wings. Each part thus is a separate fuel tank. Any part can pump in to any engine in the plane. As the tank on one end empties, apparently it leads to a change in the gravity centre point and causes imbalance. Hence in order to maintain balance the pilot keeps on shifting fuel to the emptying tanks from the other tanks. For more information observe the diagram above. The fuel carrying capacity of Boeing-707 is shown.
Fuel tank (Wikipedia)
Jet fuel (Wikipedia)


Registry>().TheDefault.Is.Object(_graph); ForRequestedType().TheDefault.Is.Object(_actionRegistry); ForRequestedType().TheDefault.Is.Object(_typeRegistry); }
The Object() method is the pertinant method in the InstanceExpression. There is also an alternative syntax called "IsThis":
var container = new Container(x => { x.ForRequestedType().Use().TheArrayOf().Contains(arr => { arr.IsThis(new ColorRule("Red")); }); });
Choosing "IsThis" or "Object" is strictly a matter of aesthetics.
Also see Changing Configuration at Runtime for some related behavior.
Constructing Objects with Lambda Functions
Some classes simply cannot be created with constructor functions. Other objects may need to be located by invoking some sort of other infrastructure (the built in Provider model in ASP.Net 2.0+ is a good example of this). In those cases, StructureMap can instead build or find these objects by registering a Lambda expression with the ConstructedBy() method of InstanceExpression.
Let's say that your system includes an important legacy class named WeirdLegacyRepository that manages its own lifecycle somehow, and new instances can only be accessed by a static method on the WeirdLegacyRepository. You still want to inject these objects into the classes that depend on WeirdLegacyRepository, so you might do something like this code below:
ForRequestedType().TheDefault.Is.ConstructedBy(() => WeirdLegacyRepository.Current).WithName("Weird");
That example used a no argument Lambda function. You can also register a Lambda expression that uses the current BuildSession/IContext to access other services:
ForRequestedType().TheDefault.Is.ConstructedBy( context => context.GetInstance().CreateSession()); ForRequestedType().TheDefault.Is.ConstructedBy( context => context.GetInstance().Transaction);
See Using the Session Context for more information.
Referencing a Named Instance
Many times it is helpful to simply say "use the Instance with this name here" when configuring array dependencies or overriding the autowiring defaults. Use the TheInstanceNamed() function as shown below to do this:
IContainer manager = new Container(r =>
.TheArrayOf().Contains(x =>
Using the Default Instance
Sometimes you may want to just tell StructureMap to use the default Instance of a type. The most common usage of this is telling StructureMap to inject an optional setter property. Use the "IsTheDefault()" or "TheDefault()" method to force the injection of a setter on an Instance by Instance basis.
[Test] public void AutoFill_a_property() { var container = new Container(r => { r.ForConcreteType().Configure.SetterDependency().IsTheDefault(); r.ForRequestedType().TheDefault.Is.Object(new ColorRule("Green")); }); container.GetInstance().Rule.ShouldBeOfType(typeof (ColorRule)); }
While this functionality will be supported in the future, it may be better to use the new Setter Injection Policies.
Specifying a Prototype Object with Cloning
You can have StructureMap construct objects by having it simply clone a supplied template object:
// Build an instance for IWidget, then setup StructureMap to return cloned instances of the // "Prototype" (GoF pattern) whenever someone asks for IWidget named "Jeremy" var theWidget = new CloneableWidget("Jeremy"); container = new Container(x => { x.InstanceOf().Is.PrototypeOf(theWidget).WithName("Jeremy"); });
There is also the option to use binary serialization as the "cloning" method. The old advice from Microsoft is to use cloning for flat objects, and favor serialization copying for objects with lots of children.
Specifying a Prototype Object with Serialization
You can have StructureMap construct objects by having it simply clone a supplied template object by using binary serialization:
// Build an instance for IWidget, then setup StructureMap to return cloned instances of the // "Prototype" (GoF pattern) whenever someone asks for IWidget named "Jeremy" var theWidget = new CloneableWidget("Jeremy"); container = new Container(x => { x.InstanceOf().Is.SerializedCopyOf(theWidget).WithName("Jeremy"); });
Configuring Conditional Construction
There have been several questions on the StructureMap users list about doing conditional construction (i.e., return this object if this condition, else this other object). In order to meet this apparent need, StructureMap 2.5.2 introduces the new ConditionalInstance that allows a user to effectively switch the active Instance based on a Predicate boolean test. Here's a quick example of using the new Conditional() syntax of InstanceExpression:
var container = new Container(x =>
x.InstanceOf().Is.Conditional(o =>
The syntax above is configuring and attaching a ConditionalInstance object. Internally, this syntax is telling the ConditionalInstance to:
 1. Return the concrete type "ARule" if the condition "c => false" is met (in real usage the predicate would do something more intelligent 😉 )
 2. Else, return a Rule object specified by the variable named GREEN if the condition "c => true" is met
 3. Finally, if none of the predicates match, return the Rule object specified by the variable named RED
The syntax "If( predicate ).*************" uses an InstanceExpression and all possible Instance types are available.
Internally, the ConditionalInstance looks like this:
public class ConditionalInstance : ExpressedInstance>
// Conditional Instance keeps track of zero or more internal Instance
// objects against a Predicate condition
private readonly List _cases = new List();
// The "default" Instance to use if none of the conditional predicates
// are met. If this is not explicitly defined, the ConditionalInstance
// will simply look for the default Instance of the desired
// PluginType
public Instance _default = new DefaultInstance();
public class InstanceCase
public Predicate Predicate { get; set; }
public Instance Instance { get; set; }
When a call is made to container.GetInstance("conditional"):
 1. Internally, the Container object finds the ConditionalInstance object that was configured and named "conditional" for the PluginType "Rule"
 3. The ConditionalInstance evaluates its InstanceCase collection to find the first InstanceCase that matches the current IContext and invokes the internal Instance of that InstanceCase
 4. Lastly, if ConditionalInstance does not find any matching InstanceCase objects, it will invoke its default Instance to build the requested object
It might be easier to just see the code for this:
protected override object build(Type pluginType, BuildSession session)
// Find the first InstanceCase that matches the BuildSession/IContext
var instanceCase = _cases.Find(c => c.Predicate(session));
// Use the Instance from the InstanceCase if it exists,
// otherwise, use the "default"
var instance = instanceCase == null? _default : instanceCase.Instance;
// delegate to the chosen Instance
return instance.Build(pluginType, session);
Please see Using the Session Context for more information on what is possible with the IContext.
Next Prev


Background Most filarial nematodes contain Wolbachia symbionts. were down-regulated after doxycycline
Background Most filarial nematodes contain Wolbachia symbionts. were down-regulated after doxycycline while up-regulated genes and pathways suggest adaptations for survival in response to stress (energy metabolism, electron transport, anti-oxidants, nutrient transport, bacterial signaling pathways, and immune evasion). Conclusions Doxycycline reduced Wolbachia and significantly decreased bacterial gene expression. Wolbachia ribosomes are believed to be the primary biological target for doxycycline in filarial worms. B. malayi genes essential for reproduction, growth and development were also down-regulated; these noticeable changes are consistent with doxycycline effects on embryo advancement and reproduction. Ambrisentan Alternatively, many B. malayi genes involved with energy creation, electron-transport, fat burning capacity, anti-oxidants, yet others with unidentified functions had elevated expression indicators after doxycycline treatment. These outcomes suggest that feminine worms have the ability to compensate partly for the increased loss of Wolbachia therefore they can survive, albeit without reproductive capability. This research of doxycycline induced adjustments in gene appearance has provided brand-new clues about the symbiotic romantic relationship between Wolbachia and B. malayi. Keywords: Doxycycline, Brugia malayi, Wolbachia, Filariasis, Gene appearance, Microarray Background Like many filarial nematodes, Brugia malayi include intracellular Wolbachia bacterias (wBm) [1-3]. These obligatory endosymbionts are crucial for larval development and advancement as well as for adult worm reproduction and survival [4-7]. They multiply by binary fission and are vertically transferred to successive generations Ambrisentan of worms. Metabolic interdependence of endosymbionts and their hosts is usually common [8-10]. Two fundamental questions remain in this mutualistic relationship: what do wBm contribute to the nematodes and what do the worms provide for the bacteria? wBm have been considered to be important biological targets for drug development against filarial nematodes [11,12]. Many antibiotics have been tested in vitro and in vivo against wBm and filarial worms. Of these, tetracycline and related drugs have been shown to be effective in vitro, in animal models, and in humans against filarial infections [6,13-18]. Tetracyclines also have prophylactic activity, and they can cause a male-biased sex-ratio [19-21]. Doxycycline (Doxy) reduces microfilaremia and adult worm burdens by sterilizing adult worms and eventually killing them (in filarial species made up of Wolbachia), either alone or in conjunction with diethylcarbamazine (DEC) or ivermectin [22-26]. In many of these studies, antibacterial effects of the drugs precede the effects on worms. In contrast, microfilariae and adult worms of filarial species that lack Wolbachia such as Acanthocheilonema viteae and Loa loa are not affected by tetracyclines [27,28]. Therefore the effect of tetracyclines in filarial worms with wBm is usually believed to be related to their effect on the bacteria and not due to direct effects Ambrisentan around the worms. Some authors have suggested that wBm may provide key molecules or metabolic functions that are crucial for success and duplication in types that are wBm reliant [29,30]. Doxycycline mainly affects bacterial development and success by inhibiting the binding of amino-acyl tRNA in ribosomes which blocks proteins synthesis [31,32]. At higher concentrations, doxy provides been proven to influence mitochondrial function [33,34]. Despite their incident in a number of filarial nematodes and their introduction as a healing target, little is well known relating to biological connections between wBm and Fst filarial worms [29,30]. A differential screen PCR-based approach continues to be used to check out adjustments in gene appearance in Litomosoides sigmodontis after tetracycline treatment [35]. Several genes showed elevated appearance after doxy including a phosphate permease gene (Ls-ppe-1) which might be needed for embryo advancement. The genomes of Bm and wBm supplied even more signs relating to potential systems of interdependence [29,36,37]. For example, comparative genome research recommended that wBm includes pathways for creation of riboflavin, flavin adenine dinucleotide, heme, and nucleotides that lack Ambrisentan in B. malayi. Furthermore, because the wBm genome does Ambrisentan not have full biochemical pathways for de novo synthesis of biotin, coenzyme A, NAD, folate and ubiquinone, filarial worms might provide these and various other substances that are necessary for bacterial development. wBm also lack synthetic pathways for most amino acids [29], and they probably obtain amino acids from their.
Leave a Reply


text:
Historical Aerial Photographs
Prior to the trial, Jan Schlichtmann, the plaintiffs attorney, hired a consulting firm to acquire and analyze historic aerial photographs of the Riley 15-acre property to estimate the times when the various drums, barrels, and debris piles first appeared. The consultants took this analysis and compared it to the 1985 field mapping of the debris piles, drums, and tanks on the 15-acre property by John Drobinski, a geologist hired by Schlichtmann. Drobinski's field map can be downloaded from the trial documents collection and excerpts of his deposition can be downloaded from the trial testimony collection.
What Are Aerial Photographs and How Are They Used?
Aerial photographs like the ones shown below routinely are taken by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Geological Survey to make topographic maps, record temporal changes in crop patterns, map geology and mineral resources, and evaluate floodplains. A specialized aircraft with sophisticated cameras is used to take photographs using black & white or color infrared film. The aircraft flies along flight lines that overlap slightly while the camera takes photographs at time intervals that allow the images to overlap. Because of the overlap is from two different positions in the sky, the overlapping portions of adjacent images can be viewed in 3-D. A stereoscope is needed to see the images in 3-D, which produces a static visual image that is similar to looking at a 3-D movie using red and blue glasses. Thus, tree tops and buildings appear to be higher than surrounding ground, whereas stream channels and wetlands appear to be lower.
Aerial Photographs of the Woburn Wells G and H Area
The collection below is a subset of those compiled by Maura Metheny for her dissertation research at Ohio State University. Four sets of photographs (May 1954, May 1969, April 1981, and March 1986) are suitable for 3-D viewing. To do this, print the images on high-quality paper or photographic paper and view them under a stereoscope. An inexpensive plastic 'pocket' stereoscope works well. The sequence of images below document changes in land use, construction of municipal wells G and H and other structures, changes in the wetland, and the appearance of drums and underground storage tanks along the access road between Salem Street and Olympia Avenue on the west side of the river.
Detailed information about the dates, resolution, scales, and ordering numbers of the sets of aerial photographs shown below is available in this Excel file (Excel 19kB Jan22 07).
- May 13, 1954 Photographs: 2414, 2415, 2416, 2417 northern image
Full Resolution ( 28.5MB Mar14 07)north-central image
Full Resolution ( 29.3MB Mar14 07)south-central image
Full Resolution ( 28.3MB Mar14 07)southern image
Full Resolution ( 28.5MB Mar14 07)
- April 29, 1963 Photographs: 278, 279 western image
Full Resolution ( 288kB Mar15 07)eastern image
Full Resolution ( 208kB Mar15 07)
- April 6, 1965 photograph: 233
Full Resolution ( 269kB Mar15 07)
- May 1, 1969 photographs: 1684, 1685, 1686, 1687 south image
Full Resolution ( 288kB Mar15 07)south-central image
Full Resolution ( 284kB Mar15 07)north-central image
Full Resolution ( 281kB Mar15 07)north image
Full Resolution ( 273kB Mar15 07)
- July 3, 1971 photograph: 126
Full Resolution ( 377kB Mar15 07)
- April 23, 1978 photographs: 104 north and south north images
Full Resolution ( 73kB Mar15 07)south image
Full Resolution ( 77kB Mar15 07)
- April 13, 1981 photographs: 19-5, 19-6, 19-7 south image
Full Resolution ( 205kB Mar15 07)middle image
Full Resolution ( 196kB Mar15 07)north image
Full Resolution ( 196kB Mar15 07)


text:
Have material to donate? Email our Curatorial Selection Team at _EMAIL_.
What's in this research guide?
Protest and dissent have been a part of Australia's history since the arrival of the First Fleet. They have shaped many important social and cultural changes within this nation and continue to do so to this day. As a collector of all things important to Australia's social, cultural, and political history the National Library of Australia has amassed several collections relating to protest and dissent in Australia.
In this research guide you will find tips for researching topics using our collections, information about collection materials and suggestions for other reliable resources. On this page you will find a few tips and hints to help you search our catalogue and Trove.
It is important to note that the number of protests that have occurred on Australian soil is too vast for this guide to cover all of them. The highlights in this guide represent a sample, focusing on movements that the Library has a large amount of supportive material on. If you wish to find out more about a protest that is not listed here, we suggest following up with us through Ask a Librarian.
Tips for searching the catalogue for Protest and Dissent materials
- Start simple and choose a few distinctive words. Use words that relate to the event you are researching (for example, searching for Ballarat 1854 will bring up results for the Eureka Stockade as this was where it took place). Ensure all words are spelt correctly, otherwise no results will appear.
- Narrow your results after your first initial word search, using the options on the right side (format, E-resources, author, subject area, series, decade, etc.). Some of the best results come from a simple word search with one option applied to narrow results (for example, searching for the Vietnam War with the pictures options to narrow results).
- When you find a result that you like, look at the subject headings in the record and use them to find other materials on the same topic. They might be general, such as Protest movements -- Australia., or very specific, such as Eureaka Stockade, Ballarat, Vic., 1854. or Black lives matter movement -- Australian Capital Territory -- Canberra -- Photographs.
If you are searching more broadly on the topic, it can be useful to start by using subject headings such as Protest movements -- Australia, Social movements -- Australia or Social change -- Australia.
Tips for searching Trove for Protest and Dissent materials
- You can use the Categories tab in Trove search to identify specific types of protest material. Archived newspapers are always useful, but you might want to look further afield to Images, Maps & Artefacts for visual records of protest. The Web Archive is an excellent place to find online records, news and websites for contemporary movements and protest, such as Schools Strike for Climate or the George Floyd protests. Historical snapshots of websites such as UN Youth Australia or Amnesty International Australia can show you point-in-time information, from the David Hicks national day of protest to approaches voicing dissent during COVID-19 lockdowns. Where available, there are archived websites from as early as 1996.
- Trove is a discovery service for both the Library's collection materials and those which belong to other libraries, galleries, archives and museums. As such, it can lead you to historical collections held by other institutions. Many of Australia's university libraries and archives have online material or records of their physical collections, which often include records of student politics and campus protests. The Melbourne University Archive is one example which includes records and links to resources from the Malcolm Fraser collection. This collections includes materials relating to protesting the Vietnam war, censorship protests, French nuclear testing in the Pacific and much more.
- When searching contemporary journal articles, news sources and archived websites for information about protest movements, slogans and hashtags can be an effective way to identify material. For example, the phrase "Convoy of No Confidence" was frequently used to describe the 2011 Anti-Carbon Tax Rally, and more recently 'March4Justice' for the gender equality rallies, or _TAG_ for the 2021 anti-vaccine rallies in Australia.


text:
- Results The elderly patients with low rectal cancer had high preoperative misdiagnosis(47.1%),high accompanied diseases(67.6%),high rate of resection(94.1%),high postoperative complications(42.7%).
- The tour will be accompanied by a trained nurse.
- Lightening is usually accompanied by thunder.
- The dish was accompanied by a variety of pickles.
- The text is accompanied by illustration.
- This journey was to be accompanied by haps.


November 18: Nathaniel Palmer Discovers Antarctica
Born in Stonington, Connecticut in 1799, Nathaniel Brown Palmer, like so many other young men from Stonington, first set sail at an early age, working as a teenage deckhand on American ships running through the British naval blockade during the War of 1812. After the war, Palmer joined scores of Connecticut sailors who sought their fortunes by hunting seals for the lucrative and recently-established China trade, taking command of his first ship, the Galina, at the tender age of 19.
By the second decade of the 19th century, however, global seal populations were already experiencing a sharp decline from over-hunting, forcing sailors like Palmer to venture further and further southward into uncharted waters. During the fall of 1820, the 21-year-old Palmer was exploring the seas south of Cape Horn a captain of the small, seal-hunting sloop Hero when, on November 18, he spotted a land mass that had yet to be recorded on any known map. That land, which the young captain modestly named "Palmer Land," was the northernmost tip of the continent of Antarctica, known today as the Antarctic Peninsula.
In 1988, the U.S. Postal Service recognized Palmer's discovery of Antarctica with a stamp.
While Palmer's claim of being the first person to discover Antarctica is disputed — two other sea captains, one from Russia and one from England, claimed to have spotted the continent slightly earlier than the date given in Palmer's ship's log — he is credited with being the first American to do so. After his seal-hunting adventures drew to a close, Palmer returned to Stonington to become one of the port town's leading citizens and a renowned shipbuilder. His Victorian mansion in Stonington was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1994, and is seasonally open to the public as a house museum operated by the Stonington Historical Society. Unlike his Russian and English competitors, Palmer's namesake "Palmer Land" remains on modern maps of Antarctica. In 1968, a new United States research station built on the peninsula was named Palmer Station in the Stonington captain's honor, ensuring that his legacy of exploration and seafaring lives on to the present day.
Further Reading
Nathaniel Palmer Discovers Antarctica,"
Erik Ofgang, "Did a Captain from Stonington Discover Antarctica?Connecticut Magazine
Captain Nathaniel B. Palmer House Museum website, Stonington Historical Society


text: Main purpose: * This work proposes a software-based resolution augmentation method which is more agile and simpler to implement than hardware engineering solutions. * The paper examines three deep learning single image super resolution techniques on pCLE images * A video-registration based method is proposed to estimate ground truth HR pCLE images (this can be assumed as the main objective of the paper) Highlights: * The papers emphasise that this is the first work to address the image resolution problem in pCLE image acquisitions * The paper introduces useful information on how pCLE devices work * Strong related work * Clear story * Comprehensive evaluation Main Idea: * Use video-registration based techniques to estimate the HR images (real ground truth HR image is not available) * Simulate LR images from estimate HR images with help of Voronoi diagram and Delaunay-based linear interpolation. * Train an Exemplar-based SR model (EBSR -- DL-based approach) to learn the mapping between simulated LR and estimate HR images. Methodology Details * To estimate the HR images, a video-registration based mosaicking techniques (by the same authors in MIA 2006) is used which fuses a collection of input images by averaging the temporal information. * Since mosaicking generates single large filed-of-view mosaic image from LR images, the mosaic-to-image diffeomorphic spatial transformation is used which results from the mosaicking process to propagate and crop the fused information from the mosaic back into each input LR image space. * At this point, the authors observe that the misalignment between input LR images (used in the video-registration based mosaicking technique) and estimate HR cause training problem for the EBSR model. So, they treat the HR images as realistic and chose to simulate LR images from them!!!! * Simulated LR images by obtained using the Voronoi diagram (averaging the Voronoi cell on HR image) + additive noise on estimate HR images. * Finally, they build to experimental datasets 1) LR_org and HR and 2) LR_synth and HR and train three CNN SR models on these twor datasets. * They train FSRCNN, EDSR, SRGAN * The networks are trained using L1+SSIM loss functions Experiment Notes: * SSIM and GCF are used to quantitatively assess the performance of the models. * A composite score is also used to take SSIM and GCF into account jointly * In the ideal case, when the models are trained and etsted on simulated LR and HR images, the quantitative results are convincing. * "From this experiment, it is possible to conclude that the proposed solution is capable of performing SR reconstruction when the models are trained on synthetic data with no domain gap at test time" * When models are trained and tested on original LR and estimate HR images, the performance is not reasonable * When the models are trained on simulated LR images and tested on original LR images, the results become better compared to the previous case, * For a solid conclusion, and MOS study was carried out. The models are trained on simulated LR images.


text:
Understanding the key parameters of diodes and other components used in reference voltage circuits can help avoid issues in different application circuits across many disciplines.
Voltage regulators and voltage references are essential to most electronic circuits, whether analog, digital, or a combination of the two. Although these circuits can appear deceivingly simple, much experience in worst-case analysis has shown them to also be the source of a large percentage of problems or issues as part of larger circuit designs. Often, these issues are due in part to a lack of understanding of the actual complexities of these seemingly simple circuits. Another major contributor is a general lack of data from integrated-circuit (IC) manufacturers—data that is critical to completing a successful and robust design.
First, there is some confusion about the types and descriptions of different devices commonly used to provide a stable voltage source. A reference diode is a two-port element that does not provide a voltage by itself. The reference diode is either a Zener diode or bandgap shunt regulator, requiring an external current source. There is no significant difference between a reference diode and a Zener diode, other than the fact that a reference diode is generally a temperaturecompensated device and is often available with tighter initial tolerances than Zener diodes. A Zener diode allows current flow not only in the normal forward direction but also in the reverse direction when the applied voltage is larger than the breakdown voltage (or Zener knee voltage). A conventional diode will not allow significant current flow if it is reverse biased below its reverse breakdown voltage.
A voltage reference is a three-port device that provides a precision output voltage when an appropriate input voltage is connected. The reference is typically capable of either sourcing or sinking current, often to approximately 10 to 20 mA. Adding to the confusion, there are devices that offer operation as either a two-port reference diode or as a threeport reference device.
A linear voltage regulator is a threeport device that provides a regulated output voltage when an appropriate input voltage is connected. The regulator is generally capable of sourcing but not sinking current, and is usually designed for much higher output current than a reference. Typical current capabilities are from 500 mA to several amperes, though some regulators have been developed with capability exceeding 100 A.
The key performance metrics for a regulated voltage source are:
- ripple and noise,
- power supply rejection ratio (PSRR),
- absolute voltage accuracy,
- temperature coefficient,
- output current capability,
- input voltage range,
- control loop stability,
- output impedance, and
- sink current and source current.
It may be obvious upon inspection that a subset of this list may be of interest to any one discipline, but no single discipline will be concerned with the entire list. For example, a designer of battery-powered equipment will be concerned about operating current but is not likely to be concerned with ripple rejection. An analogtodigital-converter (ADC) designer is concerned with noise, absolute accuracy and, depending on the application, PSRR. An RF circuit designer is not generally concerned with absolute accuracy, but is very concerned about output noise and ripple rejection. Many of these designers may be concerned with output impedance or the manifestations resulting from the output impedance variations. For example, a logic designer needs to be concerned with the impact of large dynamic currents. ADCs often present dynamic current loads on the reference, although much smaller than in highly integrated logic systems or computers. The performance requirements for each of these regulated sources are dependent on the discipline to which they are applied. There is not a "one size fits all" solution.
A Zener diode or reference diode must be fed from a current source to properly regulate the voltage across the device. The current for which the device is designed to provide the specified voltage is different for each diode, but is always specified by the parameter Izt. At this operating current, the device provides a specified temperature coefficient and specified impedance. At other operating currents, these parameters will be different than when working at Izt. In the case of precision reference diodes, the device is generally temperature compensated and the accuracy of the compensation is often provided for different operating currents.
Since the diode has a specified impedance, the determination of PSRR is easily calculated as a voltage divider, created by the source resistor and the diode impedance. In 1970, Kent Walters, then at Motorola and more recently at Microsemi, received a patent for a circuit using a current-limiting diode (CLD) in conjunction with a precision, temperature-compensated Zener diode to provide an accurate voltage reference over a wide range of input voltage and operating temperature conditions. The benefit of the CLD is that the impedance is much higher than the equivalent resistor, resulting in greatly improved PSRR, as well as greatly reduced input power when used in a wide voltage range application.
There are several things to note about the capabilities of the simple reference circuit shown in Fig. 1:
- The PSRR can be very good, limited primarily by the Zener diode impedance and the capacitance of the CLD.
- Since the circuit does not include a feedback loop, it is unconditionally stable, allowing any value of capacitor to be placed on the output.
- The circuit can sink or source current, limited by the value of the CLD and the power capability of the Zener diode; however, the circuit will only provide precision temperature compensation at a single current, which results in the Zener diode current being equal to Izt.
- The voltage of the device cannot be adjusted, other than by selection of the Zener diode.
To overcome some of these shortcomings, the Zener diode is buffered, which is most commonly accomplished by the addition of a transistor, as shown in Fig. 2, or an operational amplifier, as shown in Fig. 3. The addition of the buffer allows the Zener reference diode to operate at a fixed current, while the operational amplifier allows the reference to either sink or source an increased output current. The use of a transistor buffer increases the output source current, but cannot sink current. The maximum output current is typically in the range of +10 to +20 mA. Although the addition of the buffer does allow a much greater range of output current while maintaining the Zener reference diode at a precise current (Izt), several new comments apply:
- The addition of an opamp to the circuit introduces a feedback loop and so it is simple to cause the reference to have poor stability or even to oscillate in response to the addition of output capacitors.
- The PSRR is severely degraded, since the operational amplifier or transistor has a finite and generally poor PSRR compared with the CLD and Zener reference diode combination. This is especially true for frequencies above several kilohertz.
- It is common for the output impedance of the buffered circuit to be much greater than that of the CLD and Zener reference diode combination, especially at frequencies above several kilohertz.
- The operational amplifier adds some additional tolerances, such as VOS and additional noise terms.
- The output voltage is easily adjusted or trimmed, by resistors, during manufacture.
Voltage regulators are three terminal devices that include a voltage reference, which can be a reference diode type device or a band-gap voltage reference, an error amplifier, and a power stage. Voltage regulators often include additional functions such as current limit, soft-start, and over-temperature protection, to name a few. The typical characteristics of a voltage regulator are summarized as follows:
- The tolerance of the voltage reference is generally not as good as that of a reference.
- The output noise is generally much higher than that of a reference.
- The voltage regulator can generally source current, but not sink current.
- The voltage regulator is very sensitive to load capacitance and can be easily destabilized or made to oscillate due to selection of output filter components. The stability criteria are often neglected from datasheets and many devices do not have external compensation capability.
- The stability is dependent on operating conditions, such as input voltage and load current.
- The voltage regulator is capable of much greater output currents than a reference. Reference diodes, voltage references, and voltage regulators are not functionally interchangeable. Each device has benefits and drawbacks that must be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. Different disciplines require different performance characteristics, while component manufacturers tend to provide a "one-sizefitsall" solution. The end user often adds elaborate filtering and external circuits in order to obtain "improved" performance. Owing to insufficient data and a less than complete understanding of the intricacies of the devices, intended improvements often create performance issues that are difficult, and sometimes impossible, to correct.
1. Cecil Kent Walters, United States Patent 3,549,988, "Temperature Compensated Reference Voltage Circuitry Employing Current Limiters and Reference Voltage Diodes," filed Jan. 2, 1968, granted Dec. 22, 1970.


text:
Israel's Iron Dome missile defense system is figuring prominently in the unfolding aerial conflict with Hamas' military wing in Gaza.
Iron Dome is being credited with protecting Tel Aviv and other Israeli cities by blocking some of the rockets fired from Gaza.
Over the past three days, 737 rockets from Gaza were fired upon Israel: 492 landed, but 245 were intercepted by the system, Israel Defense Forces said Saturday.
What is it?
The name Iron Dome evokes an image of a protective bubble over a city. In practice, Iron Dome is a defense against short-range rockets and mortar shells: the system targets incoming rockets and fires an interceptor missile to destroy them midair.
Each battery has a firing-control radar to identify targets and a portable missile launcher. The system is easily transportable, with just a few hours needed to relocate and set up.
The missile is highly maneuverable. It is three meters, or almost 10 feet, long; has a diameter of about six inches; and weighs 90 kilograms, or 198 pounds, according to the security analysis group IHS Jane's.
The warhead is believed to carry 11 kilograms, or 24 pounds, of high explosives, IHS Jane's said. Its range is from 4 kilometers to 70 kilometers -- or 2.5 miles to 43 miles.
What are the origins of Iron Dome?
Israel began developing the ground-based system in 2007.


Sign up ×
I want to check if a string only contains the sign in the above expression, just want to make sure no more weird sign like #%&/() are in the strings.
I am wondering if there's any difference between these two regular expression? Did the beginning and ending sign matter? Will it affect the result somehow?
share|improve this question
When inside of []s, it's best to put the '-' character, when used to match the character '-', at the end of the [], as in [A-Za-z0-9_-]. Otherwise it's possible to misread your form as "9 to underscore" before seeing that it's actually '0 to 9, -, and '. It also sometimes happens that people change, say, 'A-C-' to 'ABC-_' and forget that changing the first - affects how the second is interpreted. – Andrew Dalke Dec 14 '11 at 17:44
3 Answers 3
up vote 1 down vote accepted
The beginning and end sign match the beginning and end of a String.
The first will match any String that contains zero or more ocurrences of the class [A-Za-z0-9-_] (basically any string whatsoever...).
The second will match an empty String, but not one that contains characters not defined in [A-Za-z0-9-_]
share|improve this answer
Python regular expressions are anchored at the beginning of strings (like in many other languages): hence the ^ sign at the beginning doesn't make any difference. However, the $ sign does very much make one: if you don't include it, you're only going to match the beginning of your string, and the end could contain anything – including the characters you want to exclude. Just try re.match("[a-z0-9]", "abcdef/%&").
In addition to that, you may want to use a regular expression that simply excludes the characters you're testing for, it's much safe (hence [^#%&/()] – or maybe you have to do something to escape the parentheses; can't remember how it works at the moment).
share|improve this answer
Python offers two match methods, match and search - make sure you use the right one, as search is not anchored. – Mark Ransom Dec 14 '11 at 15:40
Yes it will. A regex can match anywhere in its input. # will match in your first regex.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


So, how did we get to where we are now?
A confident woman.
A confident woman. (Pexels photo/stock image)
Straight hair: The new ideal
From mid-1870 to 1880, Black people began to style their hair to look more like white people, as it helped them to be more accepted, one writer said -- adding that with this straight hair, Black people were considered better suited to white American culture.
Also, straighter hair helped Black women to defy their past lives, sometimes as slaves who had to work in the fields.
The hair relaxer, credited to Garrett Morgan in 1877, and the hot comb, credited to French hairdresser Marcel Grateau in 1872, temporarily straightened out curly and kinky textures. Those with straighter hair were sometimes given more preferential treatment, which accelerated the popularity of hot combs.
By early 1900, the concept of Black people striving to fit white ideals was becoming more widely seen.
In 1954, the first commercial at-home hair "permanent" (now called a "perm" or "relaxer") was introduced for Black men to straighten their hair themselves. Women were quickly introduced to this treatment on a large scale, as well. A similar treatment, called a Jheri curl (or curly perm), emerged and became wildly popular around 1970.
The fight of the conscious few
Many public figures also displayed their acceptance of their hair in its natural state, such as actress Cicely Tyson with cornrows in "East Side/West Side," and activist Angela Davis with an afro during the Black Power movement.
The Black hair industry 'boom'
From mid-1980 to late 1990, in addition to braids, cornrows and box-cuts, a new major trend emerged on the scene that would forever change the face of the Black hair care industry: the weave.
By 2000, a greater diversity in hairstyles could be seen throughout the community. Men began to greatly embrace cornrows and locks. Women could be seen experimenting with new colors, styles, devices and techniques. Black hair care quickly rose and became a multi-billion dollar industry.
Chris Rock's 2009 film titled "Good Hair" exposed many truths and complexities of Black hair care as an industry, and the ways that it affects the identity of African Americans individually and collectively.
Getting back to natural
As African-American men and women become more disillusioned with harmful chemical treatments, like relaxers, damaging weaves, heat tools and poor hair care practices, a desire to care for the hair in its natural state is returning. The need for products made especially for kinky-curly hair is now being met by Black-owned businesses such as Carol's Daughter, founded in 1993 by Lisa Price, which now sells millions of dollars of product every year worldwide.
Today, millions of women and men are choosing to wear their natural hair.
The advent of widespread internet access and social media has also set the stage for communities of men and women from all over the world to learn and explore natural beauty together. Local support groups are sprouting up, Black-owned hair care businesses continue to emerge, and kinky-curly hair is now becoming more widely accepted in the mainstream media.
The face and cultural significance of Black hair care and acceptance continues to evolve at a tremendous pace.


What is Yin Yoga?
Updated: Jun 18, 2019
As a practitioner and teacher of different forms of yoga, I have to say that Yin is one of my favorite yoga classes to teach and to practice. It is also one of the more confusingly-named forms of yoga, especially for new students. What is Yin yoga?
Swan Variation
What is Yin yoga?
Yin yoga, developed in the 1970s in the West, is a fusion of Chinese Taoist (Daoist) perspectives with Indian yogic traditions, all brought into the modern era. Yin involves roughly three principles that differentiate it from other forms of yoga, such as the popular vinyasa power flow style (a form of yang, or active, yoga):
 1. Hold the Yin pose for some time - this is not a breath-to-movement flow. Yin poses are generally held for 3-5 minutes each, though the amount of time can vary.
 2. Find that edge where your comfort zone ends in a given pose. Then stay there or move deeper, as feels appropriate to your body (no pain my friend!).
 3. Refrain, to the best of your ability, from squirming, fidgeting, moving, etc. while in the pose. Change positions if there is pain, certainly. Here we focus on the breath to find both inner and outer stillness.
The concept of qi (chi) flowing through the body's meridians in Yin is the same concept as in acupuncture. Yin, however, involves acupressure through its poses. Yin works on the body's fascia and on certain joints. Fascia is fibrous connective tissue that mostly consists of collagen. It attaches and surrounds muscles and other internal organs throughout the body.
The concepts of qi and meridians are analogous to the traditional yogic concepts of prana (energy, breath) and nadis (channels). These all play a role in Yin yoga.
Supported Savasana Variation
What are some of the benefits of Yin?
-Acupressure; stimulates meridian lines
-Deep stretching of the connective tissues (this is the focus, rather than muscle stretching) and beneficial stress to the joints, especially in the low back, hips, and legs.
-Increases mobility
-Releases stress
-Improves posture and the ability to sit comfortably for meditation
I love teaching and practicing Yin for all of the above reasons. One of the most beneficial aspects I feel I can impart to students as a Yin teacher is the sense of holding space. I emphasize non-competitiveness in all the classes I teach - no competition with others and none with oneself. The depth a student may have experienced in the pose last week may not be the same as the depth the student experiences today, and that is ok. The practice is not rushed and the environment truly feels more leveled than in other types of yoga classes; you will not see someone pressing up into a handstand next to you in Yin. It is common for students with various injuries and at different stages of recovery to ease their way back into their yoga practice through Yin; it is also common to see high-energy yang yoga students fighting to remain still in the poses and sometimes doing anything they can to avoid a Yin class. Yet, this is the class that could benefit you most if you are very active, as it will balance the yang energies that power you through your day-to-day schedule. Yin is truly for everyone, regardless of mobility and ability.
Caterpillar Variation
What can I expect from your Yin yoga class?
From the physical aspect, we will move through approximately 5-7 different poses during the 60-minute class, holding each pose for usually 3-5 minutes on each side of the body. You'll need a yoga mat and comfortable clothes. We will begin the class with pranayama, or breath work, before beginning other movement. There will be many props at your disposal, such as bolsters, blankets, blocks, straps, and sandbags. I encourage the creative use of props as you seek to find the shape that challenges your body in the appropriate way. Throughout the class, I cue students into the poses and give several options for each pose.
Yin students leave the class feeling more "open" and mobile. Perhaps you will also feel relaxed with a sense of healing. You may sense a different sort of energy ("Yin energy") within you. For most, the practice of Yin is relaxing with a bit of an edge to it - it is not restorative yoga and is meant to be rather challenging. Depending on what the student's state of mind is when they enter into the practice, Yin may force out some interesting feelings, which may not always be pleasant. For students who find they must stay busy every minute of the day in order to have a "good" day, Yin could be very challenging as it encourages stillness - stillness with the self. I challenge you to give Yin a try.
As a note to those who would like to know the backstory of Yin yoga in greater detail, I recommend looking up Paulie Zink, Paul Grilley, Sarah Powers, and Bernie Clark's teachings. Also, check this out: Best Yoga Mats Based on In-Depth Reviews, A comprehensive guide to Eco-Friendly, Non-Toxic Yoga Mats
_TAG_ _TAG_ _TAG_ _TAG_ _TAG_ _TAG_ _TAG_ _TAG_ _TAG_
106 views0 comments
Recent Posts
See All
 - Grey Facebook Icon
 Phone: _PHONE_ | Email: _EMAIL_
 © 2021 by Giving Tree Yoga + Wellness