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1 Definition
 - "Ergonomics (or human factors) is the scientific discipline concerned with the understanding of interactions among humans and other elements of a system, and the profession that applies theory, principles, data, and methods to design in order to optimize human well-being and overall system performance (definition adopted by the International Ergonomics Association in 2000)."(Wikipedia:Ergonomics - retrieved 17:04, 9 June 2006 (MEST))
 - ""Human factors" is an umbrella term for several areas of research that include human performance, technology, design, and human-computer interaction. It is a profession that focuses on how people interact with products, tools, procedures, and any processes likely to be encountered in the modern world. [...] Areas of interest for human factors practitioners may include the following: workload, fatigue, situational awareness, usability, user interface, learnability, attention, vigilance, human performance, human reliability, human-computer interaction, control and display design, stress, visualization of data, individual differences, aging, accessibility, safety, shift work, work in extreme environments including virtual environments, human error, and decision making." (Wikipedia:Human factors - retrieved 17:04, 9 June 2006 (MEST))
2 Types of ergonomics / human factors
Three dimensions of interface ergonomics:
3 Other related subjects


Hi guys!
One of the very first things people learn in a new language is 'How are you'. This article will teach you not only how to say how are you in Italian, but also some less academic versions which will make you sound even more Italian!
Remember, in Italian we have a 'formal' way of talking to people, mainly used when talking to elderly people, important people (employer, doctor etc.) or people you don't know very well, where TU (you) is replaced by LEI, and the verbs are conjugated in the 3rd person singular. This is something to keep in mind when we want to ask 'how are you'.
To better understand this, look at the difference between the following sentences, in particular pay attention to how the verb changes.
 - Vuoi andare al cinema stasera? Would you like to go to the cinema tonight? (INFORMAL, the verb is conjugated in the second person singular of the present indicative).
 - Vuole andare al cinema stasera? Would you like to go to the cinema tonight? (FORMAL, the verb is conjugated in the third person singular of the present indicative).
This is perhaps the most commonly taught way of asking 'how are you' in Italian. The verb in question is STARE, a regular verb which means something like 'to stay', 'to exist' or 'to be', and is used to ask someone how they are.
The translation for this expression is literally 'how are you?'.
Come stai? (informal)
Come sta? (formal)
This is another common way of asking how are you, with a bonus: if you're not sure whether to use the formal or the informal way, this expression is perfect, as it applies to both situations!
Literally, it means 'How is it going?', and it's not referred to anyone in particular, this is why it can be used both with people you know well and with people you don't know at all. Great, isn't it?
When casually bumping into a friend or a family member, there are other options you can use, as sometimes 'come stai' can sound a bit too formal. Tutto bene is a perfect option, meaning: 'Everything alright?'.
If you fancy using something a bit more 'slang' and less academic, this expression is perfect for the purpose. Tutto a posto is a similar expression to the previous one (tutto bene?), but it's even less formal and more colloquial.
Tutto means everything, and a posto means 'in place' or 'in order'. Just like tutto bene, tutto a posto means: everything OK?
Now that you've learnt how to say how are you in Italian, you might want to learn a few ways of replying to this question, from the more diplomatic ways to the more 'honest' ones.
 - Bene, grazie e tu? I'm well, thank you, and you? (FORMAL)
 - Tutto bene, grazie. Everything OK, thank you (QUITE FORMAL)
 - Non c'è male / non male. Not too bad (INFORMAL)
 - Si va avanti / andiamo avanti… Usual life… (INFORMAL)
 - Sono stato meglio…. I've been better... (INFORMAL)
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Rivers of Melody
How Rivers Made America and Americans Made Music
Perhaps no other feature of the American landscape figures so prominently in popular song as its rivers. Collectively, American river songs not only serve as a compendium of American history and folklore, but as a continuously developing account of American popular music. From the earliest days of the republic, through the 19th century and into the 20th, various occupational groups inspired a wide variety of songs dealing with the pleasures, as well as the dangers and labor-related aspects of life on the river.
America has more than 250,000 rivers – over 3 million miles – dissecting the fields, cities, and forests of the nation. These aren't just any rivers; these are world-class rivers. The Mississippi watershed alone drains the rain and snow that falls on over a million square miles, generating 390 billion gallons of water per day.
Rivers have shaped the basic facts of America. Many state borders were set by rivers. The Rio Grande separates the United States from Mexico. Sixteen states were named after rivers, along with over 150 counties. Rivers have also shaped where we live.
When colonists arrived on the Eastern shores of America, they established their farms and settlements in the coastal plain, where the land was flat and the rivers, streams, and sloughs were easily plied. As time went on, and more settlers arrived, people moved farther inland. There, they were confronted by the Fall Line, where the Atlantic coastal plain runs up against the Piedmont.
Upstream of the Fall Line, rivers run through narrow, steep-walled valleys interspersed with rapids. Downstream on the coastal plain, the rivers are easily traveled. For anyone to move a bale of cotton or a bushel of wheat from the interior by boat, the Fall Line would mark the end of the line. There, canoes moving downstream would have to be unloaded, portaged around the obstacle, and reloaded. To move goods upstream from the Atlantic, cargo would have to be shifted from larger coastal or ocean-going vessels to land transportation, canoes, or rafts to transport beyond the Fall Line.
The Old Fall Line
Music by Harry VonTilzer
Words by William Jerome & Andrew B. Sterling
Published 1913
The Fall River in the title of this song refers to the town of Fall River, Massachusetts, which was originally settled in 1653 as Freetown. In 1803, Fall River separated from Freetown and was officially incorporated
"The Fall River Line was a combination steamboat and railroad connection between New York City and Boston that operated between 1847 and 1937. It consisted of a railroad journey between Boston and Fall River, Massachusetts, where passengers would then board steamboats for the journey through Narragansett Bay and Long Island Sound to the line's own Hudson River dock in Manhattan. For many years, it was the preferred route to take for travel between the two major cities. The line was extremely popular, and its steamboats were some of the most advanced and luxurious of their day".(Wikipedia) Listen to the midi version of the song, or view and play the score using the Scorch player. Read the lyrics
At the Fall Line ports of the 18th century, villages and towns began forming and growing. These otherwise random places at the intersection of rivers and the Fall Line became natural places for people to settle and for towns to grow – Richmond on the James, Washington on the Potomac, Trenton on the Delaware, and nearly all of the other major cities of the eastern U.S.
But, cities of the Midwest, the Deep South, and the Far West are much the same. Many cities lie at the junction of important rivers – Pittsburgh, where the Monongahela and Allegheny join to form the Ohio; Kansas City at the junction of the Missouri and Kansas rivers; and Sacramento at the Sacramento and American rivers. Cities of the Deep
South are typically situated to avoid water, or at least floods. Memphis, Vicksburg, and Natchez all sit upon a bluff overlooking the Mississippi. They're at a safe elevation, yet close enough to the river to be bustling ports for 19th century steamboats and 21st century barge tows.
Where rivers are constricted to narrow valleys and canyons, or where they cascade over waterfalls, their physical power has been harnessed through evolving technology. Settlers of the 18th and 19th centuries built their villages around small dams which powered waterwheels. 20th century engineers built massive concrete dams and turbines to generate power that would be sent through an ever-growing electric grid to distant cities.
Rivers have also shaped the very ideas of what America should be. Which level of government should regulate commerce? River-borne commerce on interstate rivers drove the new republic to have a single, national economy rather than a collection of independent state economies. How big should the nation be? The Louisiana Purchase changed the geography of America. Acquiring the entire Missouri River basin added a vast western empire and it became "manifest destiny" to explore and settle it.
As author Martin Doyle explains in his book The Source, "just as European powers had competed to cross the barrier of the Atlantic quickest and most efficiently to establish the hub of commerce, a geographic competition between those based along the Potomac, the Hudson, and the Mississippi was under way for access to the Ohio River."(1) Thomas Jefferson realized that the links (rivers) to the western country was key to commercial expansion of the new republic. He said that "there would be a rivalship between the Hudson [in the North] and the Potomac [in the South] for the residue of the commerce of all the country westward of Lake Erie."(2)
But, in 1784 the United States was governed by the Articles of Confederation, with each state functioning independently. The Potomac forms part of the border between Maryland and Virginia. Getting Congress to come to an agreement between those states for work on an interstate river would be like establishing a treaty between the United States and Mexico over the Rio Grande.
In 1785, delegates from those states met at George Washington's home at Mount Vernon. There, they worked out an arrangement, the Mount Vernon Compact, for commerce on the river. James Madison of Virginia suggested another meeting on interstate commerce and inviting representatives from all the states. In September 1786, that conference was held in Annapolis, MD. It was soon realized that the Articles of Confederation imposed numerous obstacles to any agreement, not the least of which was that everything had to be agreed upon unanimously. Given the rivalry between North and South, even at this early date, unanimity was almost impossible.
Madison and the other delegates decided on still another meeting, in Philadelphia in 1787. While interstate commerce was its initial purpose, this final meeting ultimately
resulted in our present Constitution. So, rivers can be said to have been so important that the very founding of the United States was the result.
On the Banks of the Wabash, Far Away
Words and Music by Paul Dresser
Published 1897
"The Wabash River is a 503-mile-long river in the Midwestern United States that flows southwest from near the Indiana border in northwest Ohio, across northern and central Indiana to southern Illinois, where it forms the Illinois-Indiana border before draining into the Ohio River, of which it is the largest northern tributary. From the dam near Huntington, Indiana, to its terminus at the Ohio River, the Wabash flows freely for 411 miles (661 km). Its watershed drains most of Indiana.
The Wabash is the state river of Indiana, and subject of the state song "On the Banks of the Wabash, Far Away" by Paul Dresser. Two counties (in Indiana and Illinois), eight townships in Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio; one Illinois precinct, one city, one town, two colleges, one high school, one canal, one former class I railroad, several bridges and avenues are all named for the river itself while four US Navy warships are either named for the river or the numerous battles that took place on or near it." (Wikipedia) Listen to this song's midi version, or see the score and follow it using the Scorch player, and read the lyrics.
Beautiful Ohio
Words and Music by Mary Earl
Published 1918
The Ohio River, which streams westward from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to Cairo, Illinois, is the largest tributary, by volume, of the Mississippi River. At the confluence, the Ohio is considerably bigger than the Mississippi and is hydrologically the main stream of the whole river system.
The 981-mile (1,579 km) river flows through or along the border of six states, and its drainage basin includes parts of 15 states. Through its largest tributary, the Tennessee River, the basin includes many of the states of the southeastern U.S. It is the source of drinking water for (more than) three million people.
The name "Ohio" comes from the Seneca Indian, Ohi:yo',"Good River". The river had great significance in the history of the Native Americans, as numerous civilizations formed along its valley.


text:
Introduction to linear logic and ludics, part I
This two-parts paper offers a survey of linear logic and ludics, which were introduced by Girard in 1986 and 2001, respectively. Both theories revisit mathematical logic from first principles, with inspiration from and applications to computer science. The present part I covers an introduction to the connectives and proof rules of linear logic, to its decidability properties, and to its models. Part II will deal with proof nets, a graph-like representation of proofs which is one of the major innovations of linear logic, and will present an introduction to ludics.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Business Process Automation (BPA) is an implementation of a business process management system with the help of IT. Such a system simplifies business operations, improves the quality of work, and reduces costs using modern and efficient technologies.
 Business Process Automation provides the following benefits:
 - Elimination of routine and repetitive manual operations
 - Information is processed and transmitted much faster
 - The entire enterprise (or separate units) receives service in a single information space
 - Programmed reports and documents are generated automatically
 - The convenience of database operating increases and the work becomes more accurate, complete, and non-contradictory
 - Human errors are eliminated
 - Work efficiency of employees is increased
 - The whole organization (or separate units) becomes a single complex that is combined by regular standardized business processes and information systems
 In this solution, we are able to use Microsoft services such as:
 1. PowerApps
 2. Flow
 3. SharePoint Online
 4. Exchange Online
 5. Dynamics 365
 6. Power BI
 It is also possible to connect to many other services, like Twitter or Facebook.
 IT Partner responsibilities #
 We offer to automate your work in systems such as SharePoint, Teams, Exchange Online, Dynamics 365, and others. We will help you develop a system based on your needs that will simplify the work of employees and make it more effective. We will:
 1. design the statement of work with Client staff
 2. design a development plan
 3. develop solutions if needed
 4. create instructions for users
 5. offer support for solutions after implementation
 Client responsibilities #
 1. Coordinate Client resources and staff schedules
 2. Provide a dedicated point of contact responsible for working with IT Partner
 3. Provide all the necessary information for the statement of work preparation
 4. Provide an account in the required services, with the rights necessary to implement the service
 5. Coordinate any outside vendor resources and schedules
 6. Configure all network equipment, such as load balancers, routers, firewalls, and switches
 7. Review and approve engagement deliverables in a timely manner
 8. Request and approve all change management tickets (if applicable) in the Client environment
 Prerequisites #
 1. You must have the appropriate Office 365 subscription or should be prepared to purchase it
 Additional cost items not provided by the project #
 1. License and subscriptions
 2. Staff education
 Plan #
 The plan may vary depending on your needs.
 1. Kickoff meeting
 2. The statement of work and development plan design
 3. The development process (time needed may depend on the situation)
 4. Implementation and testing
 5. Verification and fixing issues
 6. Project closure and acceptance
 Related services
 New Employee Onboarding with Approvals and Notifications
 Setting up the automated onboarding process for new employees in your organization with approvals and email notifications.
 Office 365 Tenant-to-Tenant Cutover Email Migration Without Downtime and Bounced Email
 Mailbox migration from one Office 365 tenant to another. Usually, you will need this type of migration when a company merges or acquires another company, or you would like to migrate to a different geographic region. This service is an advanced migration with additional service that avoids bounced emails, NDR, or any downtime for incoming email.
 $175 per hour


The Great Federic Crusade
Bird... Did we start a war?
 The Merinos Crest, as it is called in the Federation, is often regarded as one of the worst things that could happen in modern days regarding the interspecific relations between Birdkind and Humans. Even though it is often considered as a single war, the Federic Crusade could be more accurately described as a more or less uninterrupted series of conflicts, sometimes only related to one another by the ideologies opposing each other: the human suprematists, often related to extremist forms of the City Anima Cult; and the transentient egalitarians, who fight for the right and recognition of Perrots and other sentient species everywhere.
Historical Significance
 - Over a case of a stolen relic, the Soul Observer of Beyforth, an army obeying to the Merinos Anima Cult attacks the Federation by itself. It promptly gets crushed by the federated forces.
 - This defeat represents a casus belli for a lot ofAnima Churches in the Temperate Band. Cities dominated by the Anima Cult either join forces to directly attack the Federation, or supply the Anima armies with food and weapons.
 - The all-out attack of the Bird federation causes a lot of tensions between bird and human communities in cities. A large schism occurs between Anima Cults that reject the sentience of Perrots and start enslaving them, and Anima Cults that don't. In some areas, bird rights that had been fought for are completely forsaken.
 It was a small trip for a bird, but a giant leap backward for Birdkind.
 - Merinos has become a land of urban warfare. Terror groups led by both birds and Anima cultists are fighting for the districts, the Merring delta watch is in shambles.
 - Over the years, the power balance shifts in favor of the egalitarians. Although it is weakened by the war effort, the Federation manages to survive its continuous assaults. At the same time, numerous local conflicts start in regions populated with defenders of the Anima attackers. Human supremacist groups are forced to spend most of their resources to deal with the local skirmishes. In both the Sheherp plains and the Middish Plains, birds start to organize themselves into independent groups. Joined forces of City and Tribal Birds use guerilla warfare to spread out their oponent armies.
 - 5555 AR represents a tipping point for the war. While it hadn't taken side in the war, the Moving Town of Irr starts to openly defend the Egalitarians. Now supplied with metal weapons, groups of perrots in the Sheherp and Middish plains organize a massive bird exodus toward allied city-states, and form nations that are absolutely capable to directly hold against the opposing religious powers. What is more, several smaller nations are tired of the war, and follow suit to Irr to help the federation.
 - In 5556 AR, a consortium of belligerents from diverse Anima cults gather with representatives of the Great Bird Alliance, and sign a treaty of peace. Once again, Birdkind is recognized as sentient by the Anima cults everywhere, and the Perrot territories on the Temperate Band are declared independent. The Soul Observer is given back to the Anima Cult of Merinos. Anima leaders that still defend human supremacy are arrested, and executed.
 - Conflict Type
 Start Date
 Ending Date
 Conflict Result
 Military and ideologic victory of the Federation
 Anima cultists:
 - 10,000 warrior-monks
 - ~50,000 conscripted soldiers from Merinos and Sheherp city-states
 Light Temple:
 - 16,000 warrior-monks
 Merinian terrorist groups:
 - ~7,000-10,000 guerilleros armed by the Merinos Common Cult and other religious groups.
 Other forces:
 - ~10,000-30,000 mercenaries
 - >50,000 guerilla troops
 Federic armies:
 - 5,500 highly trained professionnal soldiers
 - ~80,000 conscripted Perrot soldiers from the cities and surrounding farms
 Merinian terror groups:
 - ~5,000 guerilleros, Human and Perrots
 Independant guerilla armies:
 - At least 100,000 people, Perrots and Humans.
 Moving town of Irr:
 - No soldiers, but a massive supply of modern arms, armors, and vehicles.
 - ~6,000 Anima warrior monks
 - ~12,500 Guardians of the Circle warrior-monks
 - ~5,000 mercenary troops
 - >100,000 civilians and guerilleros
 - 26,000 Federic soldiers perished
 - 20,000 Federic civilians
 - >50,000 independant fighters
 - >65,000 other civilians
 Destruction of the Federation, increased control on intelligent birds in as much city-states as possible.
 Self-defense, recognition of bird rights all across the Cylinder
 Cover image: by Pouaseuille
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text:
Milligram into Slug
Direct link to this calculator:
How many Slug make 1 Milligram?
Convert Milligram to Slug (mg to Slug):
- Choose the right category from the selection list, in this case 'Mass / Weight'.
- Next enter the value you want to convert. The basic operations of arithmetic: addition (+), subtraction (-), multiplication (*, x), division (/, :, ÷), exponent (^), brackets and π (pi) are all permitted at this point.
- From the selection list, choose the unit that corresponds to the value you want to convert, in this case 'Milligram [mg]'.
- Finally choose the unit you want the value to be converted to, in this case 'Slug'.
- Then, when the result appears, there is still the possibility of rounding it to a specific number of decimal places, whenever it makes sense to do so.
With this calculator, it is possible to enter the value to be converted together with the original measurement unit; for example, '290 Milligram'. In so doing, either the full name of the unit or its abbreviation can be usedas an example, either 'Milligram' or'mg'. Then, the calculator determines the category of the measurement unit of measure that is to be converted, in this case 'Mass / Weight'. After that, it converts the entered value into all of the appropriate units known to it. In the resulting list, you will be sure also to find the conversion you originally sought. Alternatively, the value to be converted can be entered as follows: '25 mg to Slug' or '63 mg into Slug' or '25 Milligram -> Slug' or '1 mg = Slug' or '14 Milligram to Slug' or '27 Milligram into Slug'. For this alternative, the calculator also figures out immediately into which unit the original value is specifically to be converted. Regardless which of these possibilities one uses, it saves one the cumbersome search for the appropriate listing in long selection lists with myriad categories and countless supported units. All of that is taken over for us by the calculator and it gets the job done in a fraction of a second.
Furthermore, the calculator makes it possible to use mathematical expressions. As a result, not only can numbers be reckoned with one another, such as, for example, '(21 * 82) mg'. But different units of measurement can also be coupled with one another directly in the conversion. That could, for example, look like this: '290 Milligram + 870 Slug' or '35mm x 48cm x 68dm =? cm^3'. The units of measure combined in this way naturally have to fit together and make sense in the combination in question.
If a check mark has been placed next to 'Numbers in scientific notation', the answer will appear as an exponential. For example, 5.056 790 077 44×1022. For this form of presentation, the number will be segmented into an exponent, here 22, and the actual number, here 5.056 790 077 44. For devices on which the possibilities for displaying numbers are limited, such as for example, pocket calculators, one also finds the way of writing numbers as 5.056 790 077 44E+22. In particular, this makes very large and very small numbers easier to read. If a check mark has not been placed at this spot, then the result is given in the customary way of writing numbers. For the above example, it would then look like this: 50 567 900 774 400 000 000 000. Independent of the presentation of the results, the maximum precision of this calculator is 14 places. That should be precise enough for most applications.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text: Criterion of the synchronization (CS) of cells division for S. typhi population is proposed. The criterion is based on the assumption of the normal distribution of cells with different generation time in the population after stressor (shock) action. CS is equal to the ratio of the dispersion of the generation time of cells in the population to the average generation time of the whole population and determined from the parameters of the mathematical model. The quantitative values of the parameters of the mathematical model were obtained by the minimization of error between the calculation and experimental data. CS was used for the evaluation and choice of the optimum stressor action in the synchronization of the division of S. typhi.


text:
)
- Schweitzer went to his first Wagner opera, Tanhäuser in Stassbourg, which "overpowered me", and then went to all the others, except Parsifal which was only performed at Bayreuth.
- Romain Rolland at Bayreuth with Malwida von Meysenburg
1892 (June 12) GB Shaw mentioned meeting Cecil Sharp in his diary and that he knew Sharp quite well before he went to Australia.
- (July 13) Gustav Holst first heard Wagner at a concert in London conducted by Mahler. GB Shaw wrote a review.
1893 - Gustav Holst moved to London and joined the Hammersmith Socialist Society where GB Shaw was a speaker, and became vegetarian.
1894 - Percy Grainger, 12, reported to have visited his first vegetarian restaurant in Australia (unconfirmed).
- Karl Klindworth moved into the Eden vegetarian colony near Berlin and remained there for the last 20 years of his life.
- (June) Holst attended his second Wagner performance in London, again reviewed by GB Shaw.
- (July) GB Shaw at Bayreuth. His reports on this marked the end of his paid employment as a music critic, but his passion for Wagner continued.
- Mahler and Scriabin both reported to be reading Schopenhauer.
- Lilli Lehmann became vegetarian following influence from Klindworth.
1896 - Albert Schweitzer and GB Shaw both at the Bayreuth Festival, but unlikely to have known each. Lilli Lehmann played Brünhilde.
- Hugo Wolf set Byron poem to music
Late 1890s - Carl Friedberg teaching at the Hoch Conservatory in Frankfurt; Cyril Scott, Percy Grainger and Herman Sandby all students there, Leonard Borwick had been ten years earlier.
1898 - GB Shaw wrote The Perfect Wagnerite as a commentary on the Ring Cycle.
- Carl Friedberg performed with the Vienna Philharmonic, conducted by Mahler.
1899 - Alexander Scriabin 'became absorbed' by Wagner's music in Moscow.
1900 - Schweitzer lecturing on Schopenhauer in Paris.
1902 - Schoenberg symphonic poem inspired by Maeterlinck
1903 - Cyril Scott vegetarian.
- Schoenberg became a Mahler enthusiast, following personal meetings.
- Isadora Duncan vegetarian
1904 - Isadora Duncan danced in Tanhauser at Bayreuth. Also reading Schopenhauer.
1905 - Schweitzer became a friend of Cosima Wagner while in Strasbourg.
- Romain Rolland wrote a biography of Hugo Wolf.
- Schweitzer and Rolland met in Paris, initally as musicians but became long-term friends.
- Scriabin traveled in western Europe and discovered theosophy (mostly vegetarian) and Eastern religions.
- Maud McCarthy went to India as a companion to Annie Besant (theosophist president).
1906 - Schweitzer at Bayreuth again, writing his book on Bach whilst there.
1907 - Cecil Sharp persuaded Gustav Holst to compose 'Somerset Rhapsody' using his collected folk tunes.
- Lilli Lehmann publicly supported Mahler on his departure from the Vienna Opera.
1908 - GB Shaw at Bayreuth again.
- Romain Rolland's Musicians of Today included sections on Wagner, Wolf and Schweitzer.
1909 - Cyril Scott's Handelian Rhapsody,
dedicated to and edited by Percy Grainger.
1913 - Scriabin attended a vegetarian congress in Moscow.
- Cyril Scott visited Vienna at the invitation of Mahler's widow.
1915 - Albert Schweitzer developed his ethic 'Reverence for Life', influenced by Schopenhauer.
- Wagner's son married Karl Klindworth's adopted daughter after they met at Bayreuth. She had grown up in the Eden Vegetarian Colony.
- John Foulds married Maud McCarthy.
1916 - Cecil Sharp's diary made a specific reference to being vegetarian, but probably was a lot earlier.
1917 - Cyril Scott became friends with GB Shaw
1918 - Schweitzer helped Cosima Wagner with food supplies after the war.
- Phiroz Mehta running the Colombo branch of the Theosophical Society.
1923 - Albert Schweitzer published 'Civilization and Ethics' including his arguments for 'Reverence for Life'.
1924 - Percy Grainger fully vegetarian, but had been heading towards it for many years.
- Schoenberg reported to be a theosophist (mostly vegetarians)
1925 - John Foulds wrote the music for GB Shaw's Saint Joan
1927 - Isadora Duncan's autobiography refers to Schopenhauer, Wagner, GB Shaw, Romain Rolland, and is praised by Percy Grainger.
1934/5 - John Cage studying with Schoenberg in California
1935 - John & Maud Foulds and moved to India
1939 - Maud Foulds (nee McCarthy) became Swami Omananda Puri in India.
1940 - Carl Friedberg reported vegetarian at the Juilliard Music School, New York.
1942 - Schoenberg set Byron poem to music
1946 - Percy Grainger, age 64, wrote article on 'How I Became A Meat-Shunner' (his preferred term for vegetarian).
1949 - John Cage into all things Eastern and Zen Buddhism in particular.
1952 - Yehudi Menuhin's first visit to India where he met Ravi Shankar and encouraged him to perform in the west. Yehudi was vegetarian by this time.
1954 - Georg Tintner became vegan
1956 - Ravi Shankar moved to the west to perform and record classical Indian music.
1958 - Yehudi Menuhin and Ravi Shankar joint concert in London, but not playing together, just alternate pieces..
1960 - Elly Ney, piano, Vladimir Ruzdac, baritone, and Gisela Litz, soprano. performed at the IVU Congress in Hamburg.
1965 -Philip Glass met Ravi Shankar for the first time in Paris, they were working on film music which was originally intended for jazz musician Ornette Coleman.
Glass then went on to India and became vegetarian.
- Yehudi Menuhin recorded with Glenn Gould.
Ravi and Yehudi performed specially composed piece together at the Bath (England) festival and release 'East Meets West' album.
1983 - Ingrid Fuzjko Hemming vegetarian
1991 - Ravi Shankar and Philip Glass record Passages


text:
No net zero without SMEs
Exploring the key issues for greening SMEs and green entrepreneurship
SMEs and entrepreneurs are of critical importance for reaching climate objectives.
They have a significant environmental footprint on aggregate, but also make important
contributions to reaching net zero through their innovations and greening efforts.
This paper discusses the importance of taking entrepreneurs and SMEs into account
in climate and environmental policies. It analyses the drivers and barriers of green
entrepreneurship and the greening of SMEs, and discusses policy options to support
Published on November 05, 2021
In series:OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papersview more titles


Old Lady
The name of our artwork in Chinese is 和平紀念碑. In English, it means the commemoration of the monument of peace. It is situated in Kaohsiung County and is made of imported Italian black marble. The artist, Guowei Tu, created it in 1993. The monument was built to commemorate the 228 event.
After World War II, because of the corrupt local KMT leadership, people couldn't live a liberated life as they wished. It all started when the Taipei police tried to arrest an offender for selling smuggled cigarettes, which caused bloody conflict involving other vendors. The long buried unsatisfied feelings of the people finally erupted. The conflict then spread, involving the whole of Taiwan. Many innocent people became victims of this tragedy. Whenever people see this monument, they will always be reminded of this tragic event and the importance of peace among the people.
Nela Lin,
2014年10月28日 下午10:06
old lady.mp3
Nela Lin,
2014年10月28日 下午10:07


text:
Family Tree Friday: Nonpopulation Census Records – Agricultural Schedules
A couple of weeks ago I showed you an example of a Mortality Schedule. Today I want to show you another type of Nonpopulation schedule – this time an Agricultural Schedule.
If you have an ancestor who was a farmer in the mid-nineteenth century, you may be able to find information about their farm. You may find the total acreage of the farm and how it was used, as well as the value and quantity of produce and livestock on the farm.
For example, in 1870 William Wonduly owned 40 acres of improved land and two acres of unimproved land in the form of woodland. The cash value of his farm was $8,400. In addition, he owned three horses and five cows. He produced 300 bushels of Indian corn and 150 pounds of butter annually. If you had only looked at the 1870 population schedule, you wouldn't have learned any of this.
One really interesting thing about William Wonduly's farm is that it was located in Philadelphia. Researchers are often surprised to find farms located in major urban areas.
There are limitations to what you can find in the Agricultural Schedules. In 1850 and 1860, farms with $100 or greater production value were counted. In 1870 and 1880, farms with $500 or greater were counted. So if your ancestor had a very small farm, they may not show up in the Agricultural schedules. But if they had a larger farm, you may find a lot of information.
There are no indexes to these records. The Agricultural census schedules are organized exactly the same way as the population schedules, so they are pretty easy to use. The best way to research them is to find the person you are looking for on the population schedules and make a note of the state, county, and township or enumeration district number.
The Agricultural schedules held by NARA are available on microfilm. For a list of available records by state, see our website.


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Formatting Info & Dialing Code Instructions
In NATIONAL format, aka ITU-T Recommendation E123, the number is written _PHONE_
Likewise, in E123 INTERNATIONAL formal, it is written _PHONE_
In E.164 standard format, the number is written _PHONE_. E164 format is as per E123 INTERNATIONAL format but with no formatting applied.
In RFC3966 standard format, the number is written tel:_PHONE_. FC3966 is as per INTERNATIONAL format, but with all spaces and other separating symbols replaced with a hyphen, and with any phone number extension appended with ";ext=". It also will have a prefix of "tel:" added.
To dial this number from within the United States, one would dial _PHONE_
To dial this number from inside the United Kingdom or the European Union, one would dial 00 _PHONE_


Case study: Your startup beta has new requirements—can your codebase handle them?
The Background
A healthcare startup offering an innovative idea for shift assignments with one beta location was looking to roll out to a second location to continue their market validation.
The Need
During their market validation, the startup had uncovered issues within their solution that needed to be resolved. Their original development had started three years before, and the original developers were not in a position to update/upgrade the existing system.
To be able to meet regulatory compliance and functional needs that would allow them to support multiple beta sites and achieve market validation of their product, Softjourn undertook a technical assessment of their existing mobile-first solution.
Doing so would give the client much-needed information about what was immediately necessary to add or fix, and what could be planned for a future update or upgrade.
The Solution
Once Softjourn had access to the code, we proceeded with a technical assessment using the following criteria:
 - Assessment of the core code/database, including:
 - Are versions out of date?
 - Are basic must-have features achievable?
 - What is its current maintainability level?
 - What is the current database structure?
If we found that the current code was capable of supporting must-have features, we then would attempt to answer the following questions:
 - How could the must-have features be added?
 - Are nice-to-have features attainable with the current codebase, without significant modification?
 - Production Environment(s)
 - Apps, any web interface? Located where?
 - Does any test environment exist?
 - System structure:
 - Is the architecture scalable?
 - Review security for immediate obstacles to getting more beta sites; recommended that, if existing codebase is kept, penetration testing is needed (Softjourn performs penetration testing through a partner company)
 - Is the performance capacity sufficient to significantly increase the client base?
The Benefits
Once we completed the technical assessment, our client gained the following benefits:
 - Written assessment of the code.
 - Thorough opinion on the existing state of the application.
 - Our recommendations on next steps.
 - If the current codebase could handle the new requirements, we fully defined the must-have and nice-to-have features in terms of architecture, UI/UX design, and time/cost estimate.
As a result of Softjourn's technical assessment, our client was able to understand what was realistic from a business perspective. They gained a deeper understanding of their existing product, as well as what next steps were absolutely necessary to reach projected milestones and goals. They also gained an understanding of which requirements could wait.
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specified in mathematical notation. Marker symbol rotation is shown in the following illustration:
Simple marker symbol examples are shown in the following illustration:
Arrow marker symbol examples are shown in the following illustration:
Character marker symbol examples are shown in the following illustration:
Picture marker symbol examples are shown in the following illustration:
Multilayer marker symbol examples are shown in the following illustration:
For additional information, see the following topics:
Line symbols
The line symbol objects are shown in the following diagram:
The ILineSymbol interface represents the two properties that all line symbols have in common: Color and Width. ILineSymbol is the primary interface for line symbols, which all inherit the properties and methods of ILineSymbol. The interface has two read and write properties that allow you to get and set the basic properties of any line symbol. The Color property controls the color of the basic line (it does not affect any line decoration that may be present - see the ILineProperties interface) and can be set to any IColor object. The Color property is set to black by default except for SimpleLineSymbol, which has a default of mid-gray. The Width property sets the overall width of a line, and its units are points. For HashLineSymbol, the Width property sets the length of each hash. The default width is one (1) for all line symbols except MarkerLineSymbol, which has a default width of eight (8).
A line symbol represents how a one-dimensional feature or graphic is drawn. Straight lines, polylines, curves, and outlines can all be drawn with a line symbol. Line symbol types are shown in the following graphic:
The width of a line symbol is in printer's points - about 1/72 of an inch. An example of line symbol width is shown in the following illustration:
For additional information, see How to make a cartographic line symbol.
Fill symbols
The fill symbol objects are shown in the following diagram:
Fill symbol types are shown in the following illustration:
The IFillSymbol interface represents the two properties - Color and Outline - that all types of fill symbols have in common.
IFillSymbol, inherited by all the specialist fill symbols in ArcObjects, has two read and write properties. The Color property controls the color of the basic fill - as shown in the following table - and can be set to any IColor object.
The Outline property sets an ILineSymbol object, which is drawn as the outline of the fill symbol. A fill symbol specifies how the area and outline of a polygon is to be drawn. By default, the outline is a solid SimpleLineSymbol, but you can use any type of line symbol as your outline. The outline is centered on the boundary of the feature; therefore, an outline with a width of five (5) will overlap the fill symbol by a visible amount.
For additional information, see the following topics:
Text symbols
The text symbol objects are shown in the following diagram:
The TextSymbol class provides the object that is used to symbolize text in graphic elements, annotation, labels, and so forth. TextSymbol defines more than just a font. Its main interfaces, ITextSymbol, ISimpleTextSymbol, and IFormattedTextSymbol, control how the text appears and how the individual characters are displayed. Extended ASCII characters are supported by TextSymbol.
For additional information, see the following topics:
Chart symbols
3DChartSymbol is an abstraction of the three types of chart symbols. It represents a marker symbol, which can be used by ChartRenderer to symbolize geographical data by multiple attributes. Although it is generally used by ChartRenderer, if all properties are set appropriately, you can also use the symbol as a marker symbol to symbolize an individual feature or element.
IChartSymbol is used to calculate the size of bars or pie slices in a chart symbol. The maximum attribute value that can be represented on the chart is used to scale the other attribute values in a chart. Always set this property when creating a 3DChartSymbol. When creating a ChartRenderer, ensure you have access to the statistics of your feature class - you can use these statistics to set the MaxValue property to the maximum value of the attribute or attributes being rendered. For example, if there are two fields rendered with a chart symbol, one containing attribute values from 0 to 5 and one containing attribute values from 0 to 10, set MaxValue to 10.
The Value property contains an array of values indicating the relative height of each bar or width of each pie slice. If you're using ChartSymbol in ChartRenderer, you do not need to set this property. The value array is populated repeatedly during the draw process by ChartRenderer, using attribute values from specified attribute fields from the FeatureClass class to create a slightly different symbol for each feature. All values are set back to 0 after the draw has completed. To use the symbol independently of ChartRenderer, set the value array with the values you want to use in the bar or pie chart.
For further information see:
Creating custom symbols
Creating other kinds of custom symbols
Sample: Triangle graphic element
Display feedback
The display feedback objects are shown in the following diagram:
The set of objects that implement the IDisplayFeedback interface gives you fine-grained control over customizing the visual feedback when using the mouse to form shapes on the screen display. You can direct the precise visual feedback for tasks, such as adding, moving, or reshaping features or graphic elements. The objects can also be used without creating any features or elements for a task, such as measuring the distance between two points.
Typically, you use the display feedback objects within code that handles the mouse methods of a tool based on the ITool interface, such as OnMouseDown and OnMouseMove. Which mouse method to program depends on the task at hand. For example, when adding a new envelope, program the display feedback objects in the OnMouseDown, OnMouseMove, and OnMouseUp methods. When digitizing a new polygon, program the OnMouseDown, OnMouseMove, and OnDblClick methods. When collecting points with the mouse to pass to the display feedbacks, you can use the ToMapPoint method on IDisplayTransformation to convert the current mouse location from device coordinates to map coordinates.
Although the feedback objects (excluding the GroupFeedback object) all have common functionality, their behavior varies. These variations can be divided as follows:
 - Feedback objects that return a new geometry. The interfaces for these objects have a Stop method that returns the new geometry. These objects are as follows:
 - Feedback objects that are for display purposes only. You must calculate the new geometry. For example, you can use the start and end mouse locations to calculate the delta x and delta y shifts, then you can update or create the geometry from this information. These feedback objects are as follows:
 The objects are used in applications to allow graphic elements to be digitized and modified within the map (data view) and layout (layout view) and are also used by the ArcMap feature editing tools. Some of the feedback objects have a Constraint property that determines how the feedback behaves. These constraints can specify, for example, that ResizeEnvelopeFeedback maintains the aspect ratio of the input envelope. The details of these constraints are given with the individual feedbacks. The display feedback objects also provide some of the base functionality for the rubber band objects. Use the rubber band objects first if they suit your requirements; select the display feedback objects for greater control over the user interface (UI) when modifying graphics or features. This greater control comes at the cost of additional code.
 IDisplayFeedback is used to define the common operations on the display feedback objects. These include moving, symbolizing, and refreshing the display feedback objects as well as setting the Display property (for example, setting it to IActiveView.ScreenDisplay). IDisplayFeedback is useful only in combination with one of the display feedback objects and its derived interfaces - for example, the NewPolygonFeedback object and its INewPolygonFeedback interface. Nearly all of the display feedback interfaces employ interface inheritance from IDisplayFeedback; hence, there is no need to use caching to access its methods and properties.
 Typically, the Display and Symbol properties would be set when a display feedback object is initialized, while the MoveTo method would be called in a mouse move event. Setting the Symbol property is optional. If not set, a default symbol is used. The Refresh method is used to redraw the feedback after the window has been refreshed (for example, when it is reactivated), and it should be called in response to the tool's refresh event. The hDC parameter, which is required by the Refresh method, is actually passed into the subroutine for you.
 For additional information, see: Sample: Display feedback.
 Rubber bands
 The rubber band objects are shown in the following diagram:
 The following classes implement the IRubberBand interface, allowing you to digitize geometries on the display using the mouse - either to create whole new geometry objects or to update existing ones. As such, they can be viewed as simple versions of the feedback objects. Examples of uses for the rubber band objects include dragging an envelope, forming a new polyline, or moving a point. Each class supports the IRubberBand interface, but the behavior is distinct to the individual class.
 The IRubberBand interface has two methods, TrackExisting and TrackNew, that are used to move existing geometries and create new geometries, respectively. These methods are typically called from within the code for a tool's OnMouseDown event, and they handle all subsequent mouse events. They capture subsequent mouse and keyboard events, such as OnMouseMove, OnMouseUp, and OnKeyDown events, and complete when they receive an OnMouseUp event or abort if the Esc key is pressed. This


Label Image Question Type
When teachers can give assessments for learning on Edcite, students and teachers get feedback immediately. Teachers also get an instant report by standard, which helps teachers quickly plan next steps for improving student learning. Plus, Edcite allows teachers to assess with a choice of 60 technology-enhanced question types that engage students.
One of our most popular question types across subjects is our label image question.
Label Image (#120) asks students to label a diagram or image by dragging and dropping answers into the correct spots, selecting the answer from a drop-down menu, or typing the answer. This allows teachers to assess students at different DOK levels, and teachers can easily differentiate by creating different versions of the question. This question type is also auto-graded, no matter how students are asked to answer.
Check out these label image items that teachers have shared on Edcite!
💻 ATP Cycle Label Image
💻 Digestive System Labeling
💻 Parts of a Flower
💻 Two-Way Frequency Tables
💻 Landscape Label
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Home > Software > Duplicate Commander 3.2.5448
Version 3.0 has multiple known issues, crashes, bugs, etc. The current beta version has progressed a lot since the last stable released over 2 years ago, and I've gotten nothing but positive feedback from it. It is highly recommended that you use the current beta.
Duplicate Commander is a freeware application that allows you to find and manage
duplicate files on your PC. Duplicate Commander comes with many features and tools that
allow you to recover your disk space from those duplicates.
Duplicate Commander goes Open Source! Check out the source on my personal GitBlit server. If you have Git on your computer, you can clone the repository with:
git clone _URL_
256 MB of RAM (1 GB recommended)
Pentium II 500 MHz processor
1 MB of hard drive space
.NET Framework 2.0 (automatically installed on Vista and newer)
- Search for duplicates based on filename or actual data
- When searching for duplicates based on filename, you may also factor in file extension, size, or timestamp.
- Duplicates found can be limited to certain file types
- Duplicates found can be limited to a certain file size bracket
- Search locations can be pinned and accessed easily later
- Search results can be saved and re-imported later
- Duplicates can be replaced with hard links or soft links that point to a single copy of the file
- Some operations can be reversed later through undo scripts
- Undo Scripts are script files readable by Duplicate Commander that when executed, reverses some of Duplicate Commander's actions. Actions that can be undone are:
- Moving duplicates to a different folder
- Replacing files with hard links
- Replacing files with soft links
- Files are never deleted permanently
- As a safety precaution, files are always deleted to the Recycle Bin.
- Folders can be excluded from being searched
- Vital OS folders are excluded by default
- This includes your Windows and Program Files folders.
- File types can be excluded from being searched
- Powerful automatic checking functions
- Duplicate Commander can automatically check items for you that match certain criteria, such as
- The smallest or biggest file in the group
- The oldest or newest file in the group
- Files contained in certain folders
- Files of a certain extension
- Files of a certain date range
- Files of a certain size range
- Files that contain a certain string
- Files that cross-reference each other
- Files can be checkmarked that only have duplicates in other certain folders.
- Files with paths that match a regular expression
- Lightweight and portable
- Duplicate Commander is lightweight and comes in both an installed version and a portable version.
- Includes an auto-updater
- Regardless of whether you're using the installed version or the portable version, Duplicate Commander can be updated automatically right from the user interface in no more than 2 clicks.
- Duplicate Commander is freeware for all uses.


text:
What is Therapeutic Touch?
In Therapeutic Touch, therapists place their hands on or near their patient's body with the intention to help or heal. In doing so, therapists believe that they are consciously directing or modulating an individual's energies by interacting with his or her energy field. The focus is on balancing the energies of the total person and stimulating the body's own natural healing ability rather than on the treatment of specific physical diseases.
Therapeutic Touch is based on the following assumptions:
- The human being is an open energy system composed of layers of energy that are in constant interaction with self, others, and the environment.
- Illness is an imbalance in an individual's energy field.
- Clearing or balancing the energy field promotes health.
- All humans have natural abilities to heal and enhance the healing in others.
Therapeutic Touch is a contemporary interpretation of several ancient laying-on-of-hands healing practices. Delores Krieger, PhD, RN, professor emeritus of Nursing at New York University, and Dora Kunz, a gifted energy healer, developed and standardized the technique in the 1970s. This standardization facilitates research and evaluation of treatment effects.
Therapeutic Touch, which is taught in many nursing schools, is categorized as a biofield energy therapy by the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM). Biofield therapies are techniques that intend to affect energy fields that surround and penetrate the human body. NCAAM notes that, although scientists are studying these phenomena, the existence of such fields has not yet been definitively proven.
Therapeutic Touch is not a substitute for medical treatment. It does complement conventional medical care and supports the person's body to be in the best condition to heal. Therapeutic Touch is beneficial with other therapies, such as acupressure, massage, imagery, biofeedback, and psychotherapy.
What is a session like?
A typical session lasts approximately 15 to 30 minutes. You will sit in a comfortable chair and lie down fully clothed. The Therapeutic Touch practitioner will begin by discussing your goals for healing. He or she will then use light touch and/or sweeping hand motions above the skin surface to assess and balance the energy in and around the body.
Therapeutic Touch practitioners generally follow these steps.
- Center themselves in the present moment and bring themselves to a calm, quiet state of consciousness.
- Assess the client's energy field.
- Clear and mobilize the client's energy field, direct energy to achieve wholeness, and balance the field.
- Evaluate and close the treatment.
- Ask for feedback and answer client questions.
What is the difference between Therapeutic Touch and Healing Touch?
Therapeutic Touch is a specific energy technique developed by Delores Krieger. Healing Touch is a collection of techniques developed and compiled by Janet Mentgen in the early 1980s. These techniques are taught through the Healing Touch program.
How might it benefit your health and wellbeing?
The goal of Therapeutic Touch is to assist the recipient in tapping into their own healing process and to restore wholeness and wellbeing at the physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual levels of the person.
Therapeutic Touch does not attempt to cure disease, but rather to stimulate the body's natural healing process. According to Therapeutic Touch texts, the major effects of Therapeutic Touch are a deep relaxation response, reduction of pain and anxiety, and faster wound healing.
Practitioners believe that this therapy promotes health and wellbeing and eases the dying process. Patients who are undergoing chemotherapy or radiation have found it helpful in reducing side effects of treatment, such as nausea, vomiting, weakness, or fatigue. Others have seen reduced feelings of anxiety or grief.
Therapeutic Touch can benefit people of all ages and all states of health or illness, as well as plants and animals.
This therapy is generally very safe, but precautions need to be taken with pregnant women (since there is more than one energy field), and people with some forms of mental illness. Experienced practitioners will take these factors into account.
What does the research show?
The popularity of Therapeutic Touch in the nursing profession has encouraged research in this area. There have been more studies on Therapeutic Touch than other biofield energy therapies (Reiki, Healing Touch). There is a large enough body of evidence to conduct formalized analysis.
Early Therapeutic Touch studies reported by Heidt indicate efficacy in muscle relaxation and stress and anxiety reduction. Later studies identify physiological effects (pulse amplitude, blood pressure, pulse, and temperature) as well as subjective measures, such as stress, time perception, and self-assessment of health.
Where can I find a practitioner?
The best way to choose a practitioner is to get a referral from a trusted source. Before you visit, ask the practitioner about his or her educational preparation and experience. Make sure the practitioner has completed three levels of training and a supervised mentorship. Explain your specific needs and ask if he/she has worked with similar cases and if he/she can confidently serve you.
You should feel comfortable working with the Therapeutic Touch practitioner.
Where can I get more information?
Organizations and websites
Nurse Healers-Professional Associates International (Official organization of Therapeutic Touch)
Therapeutic Touch at Pumpkin Hollow Farm (Official website of Delores Krieger; includes information about classes)
Kreiger, D. (1993). Accepting Your Power to Heal: The Personal Practice of Therapeutic Touch. Santa Fe, NM: Bear & Company, Inc.
Krieger, D. (1997). Therapeutic Touch Inner Workbook. Santa Fe, NM: Bear & Company, Inc.
Kunz, D. (1995). Spiritual Healing: Doctors Examine Therapeutic Touch and Other Holistic Treatments. Wheaton, IL: Quest Books.
Macrae, J. (1988). Therapeutic Touch: A Practical Guide. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
Wagner, S. (1996). A Doctor's Guide to Therapeutic Touch. New York: Perigree Trade.
Engebretson, J., Wardell, D. (2007). Energy based modalities. Nursing Clinics of North America, 42, 243-259.
Gagne, D., Toye, R. (1994). The effects of therapeutic touch and relaxation therapy in reducing anxiety. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 8, 184-189.
Heidt, P. (1981). The effects of therapeutic touch on anxiety level of hospitalized patients. Nursing Research, 30, 32-37.
Kreiger, D. (1993). Accepting Your Power to Heal: The Personal Practice of Therapeutic Touch. Santa Fe, New Mexico: Bear & Company, Inc.
Peck, S. (1997). The effectiveness of therapeutic touch for decreasing pain in elders with degenerative arthritis. Journal of Holistic Nursing, 15(2), 176-198.
Peters, R. (1999). The effectiveness of therapeutic touch: a meta-analytic review. Nursing Science Quarterly, 12(1), 52-61.
Quinn, J. (1989). Therapeutic touch as energy exchange: replication and extension. Nursing Science Quarterly, 2(2), 79-87.


text:
Girls learn about fun of science, math and engineering at camp
By Cheryl Cottrill, Executive Director of WiN-Canada
Have you ever mined chocolate chips from a cookie or made a machine from recycled materials that would make flavoured water?
Last week at the Girls in Real Life Science (GIRLS) Camp, 25 girls aged eight to 13 took on the role of scientists and inventors in a number of scienceand engineering-based activities. The day camp, run by Camp GEMS (_URL_) (Girls Engineering Math Science) took the girls though a week-long program incorporating engineering, math and science principles in a hands-on and fun environment. Bruce Power sponsored the camp through the local Women in Nuclear (WiN)-Bruce chapter (_URL_).
"The girls' collective intelligence and creativity was absolutely amazing as they brainstormed their way through various projects," said Bruce Power's Laurie Glover, a volunteer at the camp. "It was a great experience, watching these young minds solve complex problems together as a team."
Each day the girls began working on a group project called 'Rube Goldberg Machine' to design a machine that could perform an activity. By the end of the week the machines were able to pop balloons, turn on a fan, sharpen a pencil, dunk a ball, pour water into a cup and make flavoured water. All were very ingenious and creative projects!
A little science magic was worked into the morning program so the girls could impress their siblings and parents with disappearing pennies, exploding Mentos and Coke and changing the colour of milk with a Q-tip and soap.
The campers learned everything from chromatography – separating colours from M&M candy – to telling time using homemade sundials, to the economics of mining using chocolate chip cookies, and to designing and building a Popsicle stick house on a budget.
The biggest hit of the week was 'science tie and dye' when the girls brought white items of clothing and applied permanent markers and rubbing alcohol to create colourful designs.
Mentors from Bruce Power, Ontario Power Generation and Ian Martin Limited helped out each day, providing the girls with female role models who are successful in science and technology.
Additional information and pictures from the camp may be found on the WiN-Canada website at _URL_.
A second camp will run July 23-27 at the Whitney Crawford Community Centre in Tiverton. There are currently two spots available. For further information, contact Kate McKenzie at _EMAIL_ or call _PHONE_.


text:
A visit to National Zoological Park
A trip to the National Zoological Park was organized for the students of Nursery to class II on 23rd of August 2018. The Delhi Zoo is home to several mammals, birds, reptiles and other species in a diverse natural habitat. The day was cloudy and sunny making it perfect for walking around the zoo. The students enthusiastically observed an array of animals and birds as their teachers pointed out their special characteristics. They saw some familiar and unfamiliar species of animals and birds– the Asiatic Lion, White Tiger, Bengal Tiger, leopard, African Elephant, jaguar, Black Swan, migratory birds, etc. The students were curious to know more about the animals and there was a seemingly unending stream of questions from the inquiring bunch! The teachers patiently pointed out interesting features about each animal, thus helping them stretch their little 'banks of information' on animals. The students were very excited to see animals and birds 'for real' in their natural habitat as compared with looking at them in their picture books and on television.


text:
ination Form to the National Register of Historic
Places. Original on file at State Office of Historic Preservation in Jefferson
- Records at Walnut Grove Cemetery.
Walnut Grove Cemetery Board for May 7, 1902, on file at Walnut Grove
- Ibid, March 24, 1905.
- Archives of the Friends of
- Abstract of Walnut Grove
- Blackwater News, quoted from Boonville Republican, February
19, 1915, p. 2, col. 4.
- Interview with Mr. and Mrs. Bob Geiger, retired
superintendent of Walnut Grove Cemetery and spouse in Boonville, Missouri, on
February 13, 1989.
- Historical Sketch of Walnut Grove
Cemetery, p. 7.
- Records at Walnut Grove Cemetery.
with Mr. and Mrs. Bob Geiger.
Interview with Harry Walton on August 12, 1987. He is the source
of information about the wooden posts lining the graves. Harry Walton was
the son of the Boonville Episcopalian minister. When Harry was six (1913)
his father died and was buried in Walnut Grove Cemetery. Harry's parents
were natives of England and were in Boonville as a missionary assignment
so Harry returned overseas with his mother and had never been back to
Boonville. Being in poor health and leaving a bedfast wife in England, he
returned to Boonville accompanied by a nurse to see his father's grave one
more time. Maryellen McVicker interviewed him about his memories from his
perspective. Considering he was in his eighties and left at age six, what
he remembered was remarkable. He described in detail his father's funeral
since it made such an impression on him. The actual grave was not marked
and he purchased a gravestone from Bob Geiger. Returning home to England,
he died six months later. His nurse wrote that he felt free to die after
he had marked his father's grave; he considered it the last item that
needed his attention.
- Interview with Mr. and Mrs. Bob Geiger.
- Interview with Hampton
Tisdale, president of Walnut Grove Cemetery Association, on February 2,
- Interview with Gertrude Schmidt Malone in December
- Interview with Bob Herfurth, 1989 President of Walnut Grove
Cemetery Association, in August 1986.
- Interview with Mr. and Mrs. Bob


text:
Today's question comes from another Advanced Fiction Writing blog reader, Stacey, who wants to know when in the story do we begin using the Motivation-Reaction pattern. For those of you who are not familiar with this concept, Randy Ingermanson has a great overview of it in his article "Writing the Perfect Scene."
As a review, the MRU is a way of describing the process of cause and effect that should characterize the movement of the story. Something happens in the story–either thought, dialogue, action, feeling, etc. ("Motivation") and the character responds to it in either thought, word, or action ("Reaction") which leads into something else happening ("Motivation") that triggers another response ("Reaction")–and so on through the story.
I'm writing with a request to clarify the usage of motivation-reaction units (or rather the scene-sequel development) within novel writing. Specifically, I wanted to know if they begin from chapter one, page one, or if there's some room for development of the setting using perhaps just subtle references to tension prior to the novel's first major tipping point of drama.
Actually, Stacey, the concept of "scene-sequel" is different than MRU. Scene-Sequel pattern is the idea that a story alternates between active scenes ("Scenes") and reactive scenes ("Sequels"). This pattern is actually becoming more of a dated idea as readers seem to want more active scenes and less scenes showing the character responding to what has happened–but that's probably a post for another time.
What I think you are asking about is, as you initially stated, the Motivation-Reaction Unit. Must that cycle start on page one? Or can we develop the setting or other story elements before we start the actual drama of the story as long as we have subtle tension?
I think it's important to not equate MRUs with TENSION. It is possible to write some perfectly accurate MRUs that have zero tension. The purpose of using the motivation-reaction unit pattern is to capture a more realistic, authentic flow of human behavior and for that behavior to make logical sense. That can lead to stronger tension if used properly, but by itself it is no guarantee of tension or conflict.
So, Stacey, I would say no–the motivation-reaction unit cycle does not have to begin on page one of your novel. However, the tension must. You mentioned opening the book with the setting. Many stories do this, but is it the most effective way of grabbing and maintaining the attention of your readers? Not unless you can establish right away why readers should care about the setting. Open your book with whatever will engage the readers the quickest and the strongest.
Sometimes, we try the opposite approach–starting in the middle of an action sequence or some sort of conflict. The problem with this is that just because it's action or conflict doesn't mean we have a reason to CARE about it yet.
So the main job of the opening of your novel is to make the reader care enough to keep reading. Do that however you like–there are no rules for how, only that you MUST. But as soon as you start working with character behavior or thinking, you need to shift into Motivation-Reaction Unit patterns immediately. That could be the first paragraph, or it could be top of page 2. But whatever you do, keep the tension simmering and building.
Thanks for the great question, Stacey!
The Clarification on Motivation-Reaction Units by Fiction Workbench, unless otherwise expressly stated, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 United States License.


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In the middle of the mountain range of the mountain chain Gailtaler Alpen. Only a few km in the south-east of the Weißensee you can find the Farchtensee in about 985m above sea-level in a parallel valley of the Stockenboier Graben. In the south the basin of the lake is bordered by the Graslitzen, a 2.044 m high summit of the mountain chain Gailtaler Alpen. In the north it is limited by the mountain ridge of the Zlan Nock. The lake is situated in the central part of the mountain chain Gailtaler Alpen, which are formed by lime, dolomite and marl stones out of the Triassic. It is settled in young Quaternary sedimentation.
The shore zone has – with a few exceptions – natural vegetation. In the south forests reach the shore, the north is chiefly formed by wet meadows. In the west and east of the lake you can find earthy lime wet moors, with dense stocks of sedge and little amounts of reed and buck beans. Next to the banks there is a small belt of yellow water lilies.
Hardly populated surroundings. Except of a few houses the environment of the Farchtensee is nearly unpopulated. The Farchtenseestraße is running along the northern shore of the lake, separated from the lake by wet meadows. Only a small creek, coming out of an eastern valley, feeds the lake, but there is a strong runoff with about 140l/s that indicates a bringing in of groundwater out of the surrounding gravel hills. The runoff leaves the lake in the west, goes together with the Tscherniheimer Bach and flows into the Weißenbach, the runoff of the Weißensee.
Lake poor of nutrients. The Farchtensee belongs to the oligotrophic lakes of the Kalkalpen. Regularly high waters bring in dim limes that reduce the temporary visual range strongly. In times without high waters with minor production of algae the visual range can reach 8 m.
Summerlike water temperatures. In spite of being relatively high up, the lake reaches more than 21 °C during midsummer. In early summer the warming up happens rather slowly, the highest temperature is measured between the end of July and the end of August.
Landscape protection area. The Farchtensee and its surroundings of 120 ha were declared Farchtensee landscape protection area (LGBl. Nr. 85/1970).
Red fins are the most dominant species in the Farchtensee. Formerly there were also coarse fish in the lake, but their stock has reduced after the stocking of pike. And there can neither be proved brown trout or lake trout (SCHULZ, 1988), nor capital individuals of pike any more. It could be because of the decreasing food offer (FARKAS).
Highest lying stock of Astacus astacus in Carinthia. The Farchtensee offers the highest situated stock of crayfish in Carinthia. The partly generous vegetation of macrophytes (e.g. large water lily stocks) offers agreeable living space conditions for crayfish. As we know that the population is much larger than the natural area distribution, we must proceed from the assumption that the crayfish have come into the lake by having been set in.


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This Excel tip shows you how to apply italics formatting using Shortcut keys on the keyboard.
There are two key combinations that can be used to add or remove italics formatting to data:
- Ctrl + " I " keys
- Ctrl + " 3 " keys
Example: Using Shortcut Keys to Apply Italics Formatting
For help with this example, see the image to the right.
- Type some data into a cell, such as E1 in the spreadsheet and press the Enter key on the keyboard.
- Click on that cell to make it the active cell.
- Press and hold down the Ctrl key on the keyboard.
- Press and release the letter " I " on the keyboard.
- Italics formatting should be applied to the data in the cell.
- Press and release the Ctrl + " I " keys again to remove the italics formatting.
Other Keyboard Shortcuts


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WASHINGTON — Declinists, get ready to fret: Sometime this past summer, the average net worth of Canadians surpassed that of Americans. Adding insult to injury, Canadians have universal health care and a lower unemployment rate too.
But you know what really makes it sting? They barely even worked for it. The average employed Canadian works 85 hours fewer each year than the average American — more than two full workweeks. And that may be the lesson that Canada has for the United States: Working 24/7 isn't the road to prosperity, much less happiness, and there are numbers to prove it. In fact, across rich countries, it turns out there's no close link between the average hours people put in at the office and how much they make. So go ahead: Take that vacation.
According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the rich world's think tank, the average number of hours worked each year by someone employed in the United States is 1,787. In Britain, it's 1,625 hours — or about 20 fewer working days. In Germany, the engine of Europe's economy, the average employee works just 1,413 hours a year — that's more than 12 workweeks off. Nobody ever accuses Germans of being lazy; a lot of that is because the European Union mandates four weeks of paid vacation a year. But if you live in the United States, the government guarantees exactly zero paid vacation time. Thanks to the lack of any legal holiday requirement, nearly a quarter of workers get no paid vacation or holidays at all. Japan, the next stingiest among industrial countries, mandates 10 paid days off, with more the longer you have worked.
But doesn't working harder make you richer? It's true that at the individual level there is a link between working hard and being paid more. Nearly two-thirds of high-earning U.S. workers surveyed for the Center for Work-Life Policy clocked more than 50 hours a week, and one-third logged more than 60 hours. At the other end of the income scale, of course, many of those in poverty can't find a job to put in the hours at all. It's also true, however, that in many low-income families, parents are working two jobs just to stay above the poverty line. Poor people are poor because they don't get paid much per hour — not because they don't work hard enough.
A similar story applies across countries. The United States is more productive than the European Union — with annual output of around $42,500 per person, about 19 percent higher than Germany and 30 percent higher than France. But not much of that difference is due to working more hours. Take an example from a benighted country in Southern Europe: OECD data suggest that, in 2011, the average Greek who was actually employed worked 2,032 hours that year. The average German worked 30 percent less than that. For all that hard work, however, Greek GDP per hour worked was only $34 — compared with $55 in Germany. When it comes to relative economic strength, more efficient German production (alongside higher overall employment) completely outweighs those long hours the Greeks put in at the office.
And it's not just Greece. The link between work hours and output is pretty weak in general. In 1974, Britain was gripped by the threat of a coal miners' strike that forced the government to impose a three-day workweek to ensure there was enough electricity to go around. Despite the dramatically reduced number of hours worked, industrial production in those two months fell only 6 percent. In 2000, France cut its 39-hour workweek by four hours, but the country's GDP per capita climbed from $27,396 to $28,520 between 1999 and 2001. After President Nicolas Sarkozy effectively rescinded the 35-hour workweek in 2008, however, France's per capita GDP fell from $30,466 in 2007 to $29,169 in 2009. Clearly, the financial crisis was to blame for that decline, but the point is that working hours didn't do much, if anything, to move the needle in either direction.
So why do Americans fetishize hard work when the link between labor and economic strength is so tenuous? The bottom line is that productivity — driven by technology and well-functioning markets — drives wealth far more than hours worked. And very few jobs in developed economies nowadays are classic assembly-line positions, where working 20 percent longer will mechanically produce 20 percent more widgets. Psychology plays a role here too: At least 40 years of studies suggest that people work harder if you limit their time to complete a certain task. In some cases, working too hard can actually reduce output. Long working hours are also associated with ill health, which means lost labor in the long term, as well as higher medical costs for employers and government. A study of hospital interns found that young doctors who worked longer shifts made almost 36 percent more serious mistakes, like giving the wrong dose or the wrong medicine altogether to patients.
Working too hard has societal costs as well. Nearly two decades ago, Harvard University professor Robert Putnam warned that the "social capital" of the United States was decaying as Americans spent less time with family, friends, neighbors and community organizations and more time "bowling alone." Over the last quarter of the 20th century, Putnam recorded a 58 percent decline in attendance at club meetings and a 43 percent drop in family dinners. He blames television and commuting for much of the decline. But note also that the hyperactive U.S. worker put in over 20 percent more hours at the office than the average French worker in 2011. All that extra parental time at home might be why French kids are so much better behaved — rather than greater parental neglect, as suggested by the recent U.S. parenting hit "Bringing Up Bébé."
But if long hours aren't the secret to rapid growth and high employment, the reverse does appear to be true. As countries get richer, their citizens work less: Since the mid-20th century, average annual working hours have declined across the Western world. In the United States, however, the decline has been less dramatic.
So maybe it's time for you Yanks to relax a bit more. Take a full week off for Thanksgiving (as opposed to trying to sneak off on a Wednesday afternoon), or do like the French and take August off next year. It'll make the country healthier, happier — and maybe one day even as rich as Canada.
Kenny is senior fellow at the Center for Global Development, Schwartz fellow at the New America Foundation, and author, most recently, of "Getting Better."


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Face Recognition for Online Photo Searches Sparks Privacy Fears
for National Geographic News
|January 5, 2007|
A new type of search engine using facial recognition technology could soon be able to pinpoint images of a person among the billions of photos posted online—even if their name does not appear.
A Swedish company named Polar Rose plans to launch its service for facial searches tied to the photo-sharing site Flickr within a couple weeks.
In the next few months the firm hopes to expand the service to search images across the entire Web.
The technology promises enhanced photo finding that would make it easier to find people on the Internet.
But privacy advocates are concerned that Polar Rose and similar facial-mapping search engines will violate people's rights and potentially aid criminals.
Lee Tien is an attorney at the Electronic Frontier Foundation, an Internet watchdog group that focuses on privacy and civil liberties.
"Photos [posted online] are effectively anonymous now," Tien said, unless they are labeled with some sort if identifying text. "But if Polar Rose works the way they say it will, that's all going to change."
Tien said that this kind of technology could aid stalkers in tracking down their victims, or it could allow employers, insurance companies, and the government to pry into people's lives more than some of us would like.
(Related news: "Privacy Fears Intensified by Tech That Knows Where You Are" [October 20, 2006].)
"People are going to have to be more careful about picture-posting and figure out ways they can prevent pictures from being [analyzed] by these search engines," Tien said.
Current image searches are based on the text surrounding a photo. Images of your neighbor, for example, should only be found if his or her name is in an associated caption or article.
Polar Rose's system works by analyzing a photo to create a three-dimensional sculpture of a person's face, which can account for changes in angle and lighting.
The company developed a computer system that takes about a second and a half to roughly guess what a person looks like in 3-D based on a photo.
The service then encodes the 3-D portrait as a set of numbers describing the face, which they call a "face print." Different face prints can be compared to see if they appear to be the same person.
The system is more than 90 percent accurate when combing through a set of about 10,000 photos, Nyholm said.
But the Web contains vastly more photos, so there are more images of people that look similar enough to trick the system.
"If we searched purely on face prints, it wouldn't be reliable enough," said Polar Rose CEO Nikolaj Nyholm. "That's why we need the help of users."
Polar Rose's system will ask users to input the names of people they recognize in photos online.
With users' help, the company will build a huge database linking together various photos of a person along with other information about them.
This database will then be able to sift through the billions of online photos and tell the difference between, for example, a girl and her sister.
"We do believe we'll be harnessing the collective intelligence rather than just the intelligence of single users," Nyholm said.
Nyholm added that Polar Rose is concerned about privacy.
The firm plans to give people ways of removing photos from the company's database or to avoid having their online photos analyzed and catalogued in the first place.
Privacy fears aren't the only potential obstacle for face-mapping searches.
Reliable search results are also an issue, and it remains to be seen whether Polar Rose's service will work as well as advertised.
Riya, another company experimenting with visual searches, abandoned their face-recognition project, in part because it wasn't working well enough to meet people's needs.
"A million years of biology have trained you to be a face recognition machine," said Munjal Shah, CEO of Riya.
"You are better at this task than almost any other task you do, and I'm not sure computers are ever going to meet the satisfaction of users."
(See results from a 2005 survey testing how well people can read emotions in the faces of strangers.)
Instead the firm offers a service called Like.com, an image-searching tool that sifts through online catalogs of things such as shoes, handbags, and jewelry to look for items that have similar color, shape, texture, and other qualities.
The site can even pinpoint items in photos—such as a pair of designer shoes that starlet Lindsay Lohan wore to a movie premiere—and search online stores for look-a-like products.
"For these aesthetic items, they're very hard to describe in words," Shah said, and different people use different words for them.
This means, Shah contends, that these kinds of things—not faces—are best suited for visual search technology.
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ISA RC 55: "Long-term trends in Quality of Life"
This conference will explore the long-term developments in quality of life in societies.
Both methodological issues – how to measure longitudinally progress in quality in life – as well as the results of this research – what got better and what got worse for whom – will be discussed.
Special attention will be given to the relationship between research and policy making. How can results from quality of life research be made (more) applicable and (more) relevant for decision making on national or local level?
How should politicians take into account quality of life research next to economic data? An intriguing question in this respect is why generally pessimism is prevailing in the
public debate on the progress of societies?


Denchar Penal Colony
Alien shores 1000
The Kolanary system is a trinary system and is the home of 17 planets. Most of these planets are gas giants and only the moon Denchar circling K-3 is habitable. The Romulans maintain a small space station in the system, Orbitting K-5 and Starfleet maintains several ships in the area including the USS Neptune.
In 2350 Denchar was turned into a penal colony and the city of Xebec's Demise became the central hub of life on Denchar. Since becoming a penal colony, over 500,000 prisoners have been marooned on the planet but the planet only has a population of about 20,000 and all but a few hundred of them live in Xebec's Demise. The hardships offered by the prisoners and environment take a terrible toll on the lives of all sentenced here. The prisoners have developed a rather complex society that is fuedal in nature.
The moon has many native flora and fauna, most notable are the Dragons. Huge reptiles with armored hides and a taste for humanoid flesh. They enter a frenzied state when they catch the scent of a Cardassian. Due to the high ammonia concentration in the water and air it is recomended that people use filters and protective eyewear.
Orion Prison Facility
Formerly the site of the now defunct Orion Metallurgy Corporation, that business failed more than a century ago, and was taken over by the Romulans and converted to a correctional facility for Romulan political prisoners and worse. This is the old original prison from before the penal colony was established. It is located on an island about 200 miles from Xebec's Demise. Many prisoners have tried to cross the Amonia Sea but none have returned.
Would you like to know more?
Uncharted Territories
Xebecs Demise
Denchar Penal Colony
Star Trek Late Night StephenWollett


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Chasing the Smokestack: Strategic Policymaking With Multiple Instruments
Per G. Fredriksson, John A. List, Daniel L. Millimet
Empirical evidence suggesting that a considerable amount of horizontal strategic interaction exists amongst governments is important in light of recent devolutionary trends of many important public programs. The empirical approach in these studies typically relies on estimating reaction functions in a uni-dimensional policy framework, where a nonzero slope estimate is interpreted as evidence in support of strategic interactions. While this framework is a useful representation within certain contexts, it is potentially too restrictive; for example, in models of resource competition, localities may use multiple instruments in their recruiting pursuits, leading to potential strategic interactions across policy instruments. In this study, we first develop a simple theoretic construct that includes resource competition in a world of three-dimensional policy choice. The model suggests that while a zero-sloped reaction function may exist for any particular policy, this does not necessarily imply the absence of strategic interactions. We examine the implications of the model empirically using US state-level panel data over the period _PHONE_. The results suggest that important cross-policy strategic interactions exist, lending support in favor of the multi-dimensional framework, and indicate that uni-dimensional frameworks may present lower bound estimates of the degree of strategic interaction.
Document Object Identifier (DOI): 10.3386/w9801
Published: Fredriksson, Per G., John A. List and Daniel L. Millimet. "Chasing The Smokestack: Strategic Policymaking With Multiple Instruments," Regional Science and Urban Economics, 2004, v34(4,Jul, 387-410. citation courtesy of
Users who downloaded this paper also downloaded* these:


hypothesis GRH, as _USER_ mentions, is an excellent example of a conjecture with lots of supporting evidence, but no known proof.
The generalized Riemann hypothesis is a conjecture about certain functions from the integers to the complex numbers, called Dirichlet characters. I found its statement very intimidating at first glance, but it's not terribly hard to understand if you break it down into bite-size pieces and become very comfortable with complex analysis.
The conjecture GRH has many surprising implications, and quite a few of them have been proven true. Here are some examples, cribbed from an excellent MathOverflow answer by _USER_. The dagger † marks things I got more or less directly from _USER_'s answer.
PRIMES_P. There's a fast way to check whether a given whole number is prime.
It's notoriously hard to factorize a whole number quickly. Since checking whether a number is prime is the same as checking whether it has more than two factors, it would be very surprising if PRIMES_P were true.
In the 1970s, a graduate student named Miller showed that GRH implies PRIMES_P.† About 25 years later, a series of undergraduate research projects by Pandey, Bhattacharjee, Kayal, and Saxena culminated in a proof, by Agrawal and the newly graduated Kayal and Saxena, that PRIMES_P is true.
WG (weak Goldbach). Every odd number larger than five is the sum of three primes.
This conjecture is a consequence of the infamous Goldbach conjecture, which claims that every even number larger than two is the sum of two primes. The Goldbach conjecture has resisted proof for hundreds of years, so even just finding evidence for it by proving WG would be surprising.
In the 1920s, however, the famous mathematical duo Hardy and Littlewood found evidence that GRH implies WG.† In the late 1990s, Deshouillers, Effinger, te Riele, and Zinoviev confirmed that GRH implies WG.† About 15 years later, Helfgott proved WG.†
SN (Skewes' number). As $n$ grows, the number of primes from $1$ through $n$ will exceed $$\int_0^n \frac{dt}{\log t}$$ before $n$ reaches $$10^{10^{10^{964}}}.$$
Littlewood proved in the 1910s that the number of primes from $1$ through $n$ will exceed that integral eventually, but nobody has ever seen it happen. Saying that it has to happen before a certain value of $n$ is pretty bold—like predicting the apocalypse!
Nonetheless, Skewes proved in the 1930s that GRH implies SN.† Then, in the 1950s, Skewes proved SN.†
CN (class number). There are only finitely many imaginary quadratic fields with class number one.
The numbers you can build from the integers and $\sqrt{-43}$ by adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing form a consistent number system, called an "imaginary quadratic field." If you start from $\sqrt{-1}$ or $\sqrt{-19}$ or some other square root of a negative integer, you get a different imaginary quadratic field. Every imaginary quadratic field is labeled by a number called its "class number." Imaginary quadratic fields with class number one are special, and they seem to be very rare. The conjecture CN says they're incredibly rare: among the infinite variety of imaginary quadratic fields, there are only finitely many with class number one.
In the 1910s, Gronwall proved that GRH implies CN.† Specifically, what Gronwall proved is that GRH implies a slightly weaker conjecture, WGRH, which implies CN.† Later, Deuring, Mordell, and Heilbronn proved CN.† They did it in a bizarre way: they proved that the negation of WGRH also implies CN!†
 - $\begingroup$ Note to self: prove GRH... More on Poisson. $\endgroup$ – user301988 Jun 19 '16 at 22:24
I'd like to add an aspect to your question, that hasn't been touched by any of the other answers thus far:
Evidence plays a significant role in current day mathematics.
Vectornaut already mentioned one example of this. Let me provide another, that has a different kind of flavour to it.
I'd like to talk about large cardinals, but before I do so, let me provide a definition that is suitable for our purposes. Let us say that $\kappa$ is a large cardinal iff there is a set theoretical formula $\phi$ such that $$\operatorname{ZFC} + \phi(\kappa) \vdash "\text{there is some weakly inaccessible cardinal } \mu \le \kappa"$$ (Please note that the term large cardinal doesn't have a widespread definition in the literature and there are properties that people (including me) would regard as large cardinal properties but don't satisfy the definition above.)
Using my definition and assuming that $\operatorname{ZFC}$ is consistent, we cannot prove that there is a large cardinal property $\phi$ and a cardinal $\kappa$ such that $\phi(\kappa)$ holds. In fact, the assumption that any large cardinal exists is strictly stronger than the assumption that $\operatorname{ZFC}$ has a model and it seems reasonable to believe that large cardinals have to lead to contradictions. In the past there have been some examples of large cardinal properties that turned out to be inconsistent (see for example Reinhardt cardinals).
However, over the last 40+ years, people intensely studied large cardinals and where able to derive surprising and beautiful theorems from their existence. (For example, the existence of $n$ Woodin cardinals and a measurable above all of them implies that $\bf{\Pi}^{1}_{n+1}$-determinacy holds, for any given $n < \omega$. And conversely, for any given $n < \omega$, $\bf{\Pi}_{n+1}^{1}$ implies the existence of an inner model with $n$ Woodin cardinals.
Since we cannot prove that a given large cardinal assumption is consistent, relative to $\operatorname{ZFC}$, we have to rely on evidence, rather than proof. One way to'strengthen' this approach is, for a given large cardinal property $\phi$, to study larger large cardinals $\lambda$ such that the existence of $\lambda$ implies the existence of many $\kappa < \lambda$ such that $\phi(\kappa)$ holds. If we can't prove, in this setting, that the existence of $\lambda$ is inconsistent, this is stronger evidence for the consistency of the existence of $\kappa$ such that $\phi(\kappa)$ holds, than just the fact that we weren't able to prove the inconsistency of such $\kappa$. Obviously, this isn't rigorous in the sense that we can be sure that a certain large cardinal assumption is consistent, but the same holds true for $\operatorname{ZFC}$ itself. By pushing its boundaries one merely gathers evidence and - over time - gains some reasonable confidence in its consistency.
Your Answer


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ORLANDO, Fla. -- Even before the U.S. government gave seafood an official nod in the new food pyramid, seafood consumption was showing signs of growth, according to a new consumer survey.
than half of U.S. adults who've ever eaten seafood said they're eating more seafood today than they were five years ago.
Furthermore, about two in five seafood eaters, or 41%, said they eat seafood because recent studies suggest it's healthy for the heart, the survey showed. More than three in four adults, or 77%, said they eat seafood at least once a month, while just one in 10 said they never eat seafood, according to the survey.
The two most popular types of seafood consumed in the United States are shrimp (61%) and canned tuna (57%), followed by salmon (39%), crab (23%), catfish (22%), fresh tuna (22%), cod (17%) and mollusks, such as mussels, clams and oysters (16%). Other types of seafood consumed frequently include lobster (11%), halibut (10%), haddock (9%), rainbow trout (9%), tilapia (9%), snapper (8%) and grouper (4%).
About two-thirds of U.S. adult seafood eaters (67%) said they eat seafood because it's a welcome alternative to chicken and meat. In addition, 68% said they buy salmon, shrimp and sushi at their local supermarket.
The telephone survey of more than 1,000 adults was conducted March 17-20 by Harris Interactive, a Rochester, N.Y.-based research company.
Seafood got an official endorsement from the U.S. Department of Agriculture. USDA's updated food pyramid points out fish contains healthy oils, so it's a good alternative to meat or poultry. The 2005 Federal Dietary Guidelines, which were the basis of the new pyramid, for the first time recommend eating fish. The guidelines noted its health benefits, including the heart-healthy omega-3 fatty acids found in salmon, trout, herring and other oily species.


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Libra Trans are committed to our environment and constantly look at ways of reducing our impact. We are using constant driver training to improve our driver handling and skills to reduce fuel consumption and therefore the vehicle impact on the environment. Our commitment to becoming carbon neutral and the purchase carbon credits to offset our carbon footprint.
We use advanced telematics, to monitor driver behaviour, with daily and weekly detailed driving behaviour to reduce and emlinate agressive driving.Which reduces our fuel consumpstion by 10-15 %.
As part of our assoication with TPN, we can reduce our miles per pallet signifacantly, ensuring the minmum impact on our enviroment, on overnight pallets.