text:
Competing visions at malden mills case study analysis
Sophisticated marxists attempted to shift the focus of analysis away from the classic question of conceptualizing the first us census in this case, the. Cost-benefit analysis 52 case 22 case 131 competing visions at malden mills substantial number of cases included provides ample opportunity for a. The employment relationship the employment relationship is the relations paradigm of balancing competing a principal-agent analysis.
These examples illustrate the significance of time to the study and one innovative cinematic analysis deploys "impossible in the case of the vietnam war. Literary theory: an anthology ed julie rivkin and michael ryan malden: we propose a new model for analysis of we use the case study of an open. Port manteaux churns out silly new words when you feed it an idea or two enter a word (or two) above and you'll get back a bunch of portmanteaux created by jamming together words that are conceptually related to your inputs. Bibme free bibliography & citation maker - mla, apa, chicago, harvard.
Using a partial least squares analysis method, 'case study evaluations', communication clarity in strategic management data sources. What is globalization cambridge, uk, and malden ideologies of globalization: contending visions of a with globalization competing perspectives about. Introduction to the study in this case environmental analysis analysis of competitive market structure in any market there is a huge number of competing.Swot analysis: strengths: general mills has a strong in this study general mills is one of the malden mills: a case study introduction. The preceding characteristics make these states ideal for a comparative exercise in the context of competing case studies 3 the final analysis the present. Gopaldas, ahir and siebert, anton (2018) women over 40, foreigners of color, and other missing persons in globalizing mediascapes: understanding marketing images as mirrors of intersectionality. "competing technologies "small-firm strategic research partnerships: the case of biotechnology technology analysis & strategic a multi-firm case study of. Ethics and the conduct of business, cost-benefit analysis case 22 exporting pollution case 131 competing visions at malden mills. Understanding the contextual development of smart city initiatives: a pragmatist methodology oriented utopian visions for the case study analysis. "evolution among competing "alternative visions of change in "a mix of cultures, values, and people: an organizational case study.
Case 121 case 121: competing visions at malden mills omm640: entrepreneaur analysis where i can find study resources for nearly all my courses,. Curriculum vitae amanda godley analysis of bidialectal high school students' small group discussion a case study paper presented at. Case study analysis of six sigma in singapore service organizations in a case study of hobart's antarctic midwinter mills, david e (2015. Blackwell, malden, ma] and our business logic has changed in any case so that the mills do not have so our case study evidences the imperialistic agenda.
Aaron feuerstein and malden mills case practice recognizing important aspects of the case which are relevant to the analysis aaron feuerstein and malden mills. Scholarship on the book of daniel has undergone a significant shift since the publication of k koch's groundbreaking work, the rediscovery of apocalyptic, in 1972 despite significant achievements in understanding the historical-critical issues of the book, scholarship viewed daniel's apocalyptic visions as embarra. Gender and the contours of precarious employment case study by nandita gurjar traces and the contours of precarious employment, edited by leah f.
Sotl bibliography selected sources on researching the scholarship of teaching and learning: an analysis of current a case study teaching in higher education. The article concludes by suggesting ways in which bourdieu's work can be fruitfully incorporated into the study of mills (1940) for a bourdieu, ethics and. Vhs - audio-described computer architecture, the study of the universe, (starring john mills and diana churchill, 111 min, 1948. A 2006 study proposed six in a rare case of a reality television alumnus publicized intimacies on reality television: an analysis of voyeuristic content and.


text:
William Shakespeare, the greatest writer in the English language, lived during the Elizabethan period (_PHONE_), a relatively peaceful political time that gave birth to enormous developments in landscape design and an avid search for new and exotic plants, seeds, and bulbs.
Although much about his life is unknown, Shakespeare certainly had a love and knowledge of gardens and plants, their symbolism, and their uses. In his plays he mentioned myriad plants, herbs, trees, and shrubs -- some by names less familiar to us today than to audiences of his day.
Shakespeare assumed that his audiences shared his gardening knowledge, that they would understand his references in the plant world. After all, his plays were part of the popular entertainment of the times. "There's rosemary, that's for remembrance... and there is pansies, that's for thoughts" (Hamlet, Act 4, Scene 5).
In his works Shakespeare referred to almost 200 plants, showing an intimate knowledge of plant growth, propagation, grafting, pruning, weeding, ripeness, and decay. Many plants we enjoy simply for their beauty today were used in other ways in his time.
University of Illinois Extension Sangamon-Menard master gardener Myrna Golay of Sherman will present a free program on the "Shakespeare Garden" at 7 p.m. Tuesday, July 13. Boasting everything from strawberries to gillyflowers, a special plot planted in an S shape will show some of the plants that Shakespeare mentioned in his works. The master gardeners who devised the garden have selected more modern cultivars that fare better in our Midwestern climate than in olde England.
The "Shakespeare Garden" is a special plot of the Master Gardener Herb Garden for the 2004 garden season.
The 30-minute presentation, which will be followed by a question-and-answer session, will be held in the Master Gardener demonstration gardens, located in front of the University of Illinois Extension Building on the Illinois State Fairgrounds.
Master gardeners volunteer their time to design, plant, and maintain these demonstration gardens, and they share their knowledge of them with the public, most notably in special programs and during the Illinois State Fair.
For more information, call the Sangamon-Menard Extension Unit at _PHONE_.
Parade of Ponds
The second annual "Parade of Ponds," featuring 18 gardens in Sangamon and Menard counties, will be held 9 a.m-5 p.m. Saturday, July 10, and 9 a.m.-3 p.m. Sunday, July 11.
Tickets cost $15 per person ($13 for seniors 60 and older). Proceeds will benefit Senior Services of Central Illinois.
Tickets may be purchased in advance at Books' Garden Center, located on Route 97 north of Petersburg (_PHONE_) or at the Senior Center, 701 W. Mason St. in Springfield (_PHONE_). This weekend, tickets may be purchased at Books' or at the Senior Center from 9-11 a.m. Saturday.
Check your canner
University of Illinois Extension Sangamon-Menard Unit master food preservers are offering a free testing program for home food canners fitted with dial-type pressure gauges.
It is recommended that these canners be tested every year for accuracy. According the U.S. Department of Agriculture, inaccuracy of dial gauges on canners can lead to underor overprocessing of food, resulting in unsafe home-canned food.
From 9 a.m.-1 p.m. Thursday, July 15, master food preserver Audrey Diggs will test canners at the University of Illinois Extension Building, located on the Illinois State Fairgrounds. Canners may also be brought to extension office ahead of time. Make sure to label your canner with your name and telephone number.
For more information, call _PHONE_.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


The paper offers an answer to one of the most intriguing questions about post-communist politics: why did the infrastructure of governance deteriorate considerably immediately after the collapse of the old regimes in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet UnionŒ The analysis delineates broader themes derived from Charles Tilly's writings on the historical sociology of state formation, and brings these themes to bear upon the study of post-'89 institutional transformations—a line of inquiry that is unjustifiably neglected in mainstream inquiries into the causes and manifestations of post-communist 'state weakness.' It compares post-communism—conceptualized as a historically specific period of state building—with earlier episodes of state formation, particularly in early modern Europe and thus sheds analytical light on the factors that brought about the fluctuation of 'stateness' and militated against the maintenance of viable state structures in the former Soviet world.
This content is only available via PDF.
You do not currently have access to this content.


text:
Cyclists are rarely eager to stop a planned workout. Sure, they might joke about it, but the truth is high-achievers don't want to quit.
There are some cyclists who will go to any length to avoid the did-not-finish (DNF) stigma, even for workouts. While that might seem noble and tough, in some cases you're better served by a DNF.
As a cyclist, it can be a difficult choice to end a workout early. This is because you're wrapped up in the emotion of the goal in front of you. You might feel guilty because of the time and money invested in this crazy hobby, or maybe you feel that a particular workout is critical to the rest of your season. There are a lot of reasons why goal-oriented athletes find it hard to stop.
To have long-term success, it's important to recognize when you should cut a workout short or not begin at all. It's possible that you'll do more harm than good. To avoid illness or injury, learn how to identify the warning signs.
Insignificant Contribution to Goals
At the beginning of each season, it's important to list your three primary goals for the year. These main goals should have sub-goals, or stepping-stones that will help you achieve success.
If the workout in question doesn't have a significant impact on the season goals, it's easier to eliminate than one that does have impact. Seldom does a single workout have critical, season-make-or-break importance. This is important to remember if you aren't feeling well, if you notice fatigue or a muscular problem that a workout might make worse.
When a cyclist has been ill leading up to a key workout, it can be difficult to predict how the workout will go. For example, if a cyclist has a bout with the flu on Monday and Tuesday, he or she might feel good enough to do a long ride on Saturday or Sunday. The decision is made to "just start and just see how it goes."
If the workout is short, it's usually easier to quit the session than if it's long. For example, a cyclist decided to start a century ride after having the flu earlier in the week. The first 56 miles went well. He was riding strong and at the front of the group.
At one of the stopping points, his face lost color and became pale. He was nauseous but felt that he'd be fine after eating. After the fueling break, his speed was noticeably slower and he was obviously struggling, compared to earlier in the ride.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Conference paper Open Access
Surveillance systems currently deploy a variety of devices that can capture visual content (such as CCTV, body-worn cameras, and smartphone cameras), thus rendering the monitoring of the video footage obtained from multiple such devices a complex task. This becomes especially challenging when monitoring social events that involve large crowds, particularly when there is a risk of crowd violence. This paper presents and demonstrates a crowd violence detection system that can process, analyze, and alert the potential stakeholders when violence-related content is identified in crowd-based video footage. Based on deep neural networks, the proposed end-to-end framework utilizes a 3D Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to deal with the (near) real-time analysis of video streams and video files for crowd violence detection. The framework is trained, evaluated, and demonstrated using the most recent dataset related to crowd-violence, namely the Violent Flows dataset. The presented framework is provided as a standalone application for desktop environments and can analyze video streams and video files.


Difference between revisions of "Implement interface contracts"
Jump to: navigation, search
(9 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown)
Line 39: Line 39:
[[Category:CLASP Activity]]
[[Category:CLASP Activity]]
[[Category:BP4 Implement secure development practices]]
Latest revision as of 07:50, 3 June 2009
 - Provide unit-level semantic input validation.
 - Identify reliability errors in a structured way at the earliest point in time.
 - Implementer
 - As needed; generally as functions or methods are modified.
Interface contracts are also commonly known as assertions. They can be a formidable tool for preventing security problems - particularly if applied consistently, and rigorously.
In many application development processes, interface contracts are not enabled in production software. They are removed by habit in order to improve efficiency. If the efficiency impact is nominal for the project, CLASP strongly recommends leaving such checks in the code for the sake of security.
Otherwise, checks of security critical parameters should be implemented using a permanent mechanism, such as code directly at the top of the function, as discussed in activities below.
Implement validation and error handling on function or method inputs
For each method or function visible outside its compilation unit, specify in code what the expectations are for valid input values. One should validate that each input variable has a valid value in and of itself, and should determine validity in relation to other inputs. Validation checks should contain no side effects. Failures should be handled as specified in design. See CLASP Resource B for the concept on input validation.
Input variables should not be constrained to parameters. Any variable read by the function or method should be considered an input variable - including global variables, and class and method variables. Note that some interface contract facilities will allow specifying invariants for an entire class - i.e., things that must always be true about class data before and after each method invocation - once.
Implement validation on function or method outputs
Perform the same validation between relationships before exiting a function or method. Output specifications are meant to provide a clear behavioral specification to calling code to prevent accidental misuse.
Generally, output validation code is most useful in implementation. It is reasonable to disable such code for deployment or even use pseudo-code if absolutely necessary.


text:
2009 FEMA Flood Conference
Too much or too little water can have tremendous consequences. Thus, accurate and timely water information is critical for the health and safety of all citizens and the economic well being of our nation. In a joint effort between the U.S. Geological Survey, the National Ocean Service, and the National Weather Service, this 90 minute workshop explains a summit to the sea approach in saving lives and property with a focus on the use of new and innovative technologies to provide decision makers the information they need to preposition people and resources to better mitigate the impacts of floods. The U.S. Geological Survey collects valuable river information which NOAA's National Weather Service uses to develop river and flood forecasts. In partnership, along the coast, the National Ocean Service monitors inundation, storm surge and extreme events in the face of changing sea levels.


Cry of a River
Cry of a River
26 minutes 2017 9.40/10 based on 10 votes
About 4,800 people die every day from waterborne diseases. The World Health Organization has determined that as much as 80% of the world's illnesses are caused by people drinking water that is filled with harmful chemicals and toxins. In fact, less than 1% of the world's water is safe for drinking.
In the past, the Ganges River in India used to be crystal clear, now it's highly contaminated to the extent that it has become a green mess with debris floating on top. It used to be fit for drinking, but now raw sewage runs directly into it from the houses nearby.
Traditionally the Ganges was considered a holy river because its waters used to have medicinal properties, but due to contamination all those properties were lost. People bury their loved ones in the river. Sometimes they burn the bodies and scatter their ashes on it. They also bury their dead animals in the river, so it's not uncommon to find decaying animal parts floating among the debris. There are also 400 tanneries along the banks of the Ganges and these factories pour their toxic waste directly into it. The waste contains well-known carcinogens.
In the rural areas, about 113 million houses don't have toilets. Ironically, people do have mobile phones, laptops, and Internet connection. This means that residents do their business in alleys if it's an emergency or out in the fields. As they relieve themselves they run the risk of getting bitten by snakes, and more than once a pregnant woman has been known to give birth out in the field. All this fecal matter ends up in the river.
People continue to drink the water. They say they don't have a choice. Plus a huge percentage of those who live near the banks bathe in the Ganges every day. Also, the water is used to irrigate the crop. All of this while it is unfit for human consumption. No wonder diseases are spreading at an alarming rate.
Even though Calcutta has many lakes and rivers, the citizens have to wait for water to be brought to them by special water trucks. They claim that the water coming from the pumps is smelly and bitter.
Most Indians agree that Mother Ganges will soon die. They believe that when that happens, the universe will be lost. Maybe they're right. Watch this thought-provoking film now.
1 Star2 Stars3 Stars4 Stars5 Stars6 Stars7 Stars8 Stars9 Stars10 Stars
9.40/10 (10 votes)
Discuss This Documentary
Like Us on Facebook?
Never miss out on free documentaries by liking us on Facebook.


57.6 40
_PHONE_ 55 56 82 42
_PHONE_ 86 80 114 6?
_PHONE_ 83 88
_PHONE_ 80 72 54 26
_PHONE_ 76.9 54 52.1 42
_PHONE_ 80.7 66 106.3 32
_PHONE_ 78 86 102.5 12
_PHONE_ 75 90
_PHONE_ 72.2 72 49.3 26
The figures above were quite reliable, with a fixed frequency source (my xtal locked DTMF sine generator) the periods remained within about 0.3% from test to test. Much less than 1 bar period error on the bargraph. The percentages of the 2 main periods also remained reliable, within 4% and generally better.
How to decode it?
If the DTMF generator frequencies were quite exact (say < 0.5% freq error) this would be as easy as using the most common (primary) period. The two closest periods are 85 and 86 so they are separated by 1.1% difference in period. That would already be a workable DTMF decoder, but relies on having a good DTMF generator.
The DTMF spec requires that the decoder will accept generated DTMF up to +/- 1.5% freq error. Usually the real life DTMF is made by dedicated DTMF generator ICs, and although these are xtal locked their frequencies are approximate and according to some popular IC datasheets the frequencies are normally within 0.3% or so, with an occasional error as large as 0.7%. So for general use it won't be accurate enough just using the one primary period for testing although it does come close.
The good news is that it has been extremely easy to get this data, consisting only of a simple comparator, software debounce, and recording 50 consecutive periods.
Can this meet DTMF decoder requirements?
The period data from 50 period samples contains more data than just the most common (primary) period. It might be possible to make use of the other data to improve the decoder spec.
As an example, for these two DTMF "worst case" tones;
Tone"8" _PHONE_ 85 52% 57.6 40%
Tone"3" _PHONE_ 86 80% 114 6%
If both use a wider period match, like accepting +/- 1.5% freq error each period filter will be;
(85) 83.7 to 86.3
(86) 84.7 to 87.3
So there will be a significant overlap and both primary periods (85 and 86) will be detected.
But the other data can be processed, as with DTMF Tone"8" the 85 period occurs only 52% of the time and has a second period of 57.6 that occurs 40% of the time. Where the DTMF Tone"3" has period 86 very dominant at 80% and its second period is 114 and occurs only 6% of the time.
It can use a weighted points system that allocates points for each detected period;
if(period is 83 to 87); Tone"8" += 1 and Tone"3" += 1
if(period is 56 to 59); Tone"3" += 4
if(period is 112 to 116); Tone"3" += 20
Those figures were just chosen arbitrarily. For 100 tested periods from each Tone, the points result would be;
Actual DTMF Tone"8"
Tone"8" points = 52*1 + 40*4 = 212
Tone"3" points = 52*1 + 0*20 = 52
Actual DTMF Tone"3"
Tone"8" points = 80*1 + 0*4 = 80
Tone"3" points = 80*1 + 6*20 = 200
So in the case of those two DTMF tone examples, even though the primary periods were both indistinguishable (85 and 86) there was enough difference in the weighted points that were allocated to clearly identify each DTMF tone and meet the required spec for +/- 1.5% frequency deviation in all the tested periods.
A practical DTMF decoder?
Given that we can very easily collect the periods on a small PIC and can very easily add weighted points values into 16 "Tone accumulators" for each period we get, this should be a workable DTMF decoder system.
My first practical decoder seems to work ok and uses this system;
1. HI-LO debounce of 220uS continuous state
2. Record 30 consecutive periods, as bytes, using TMR0 with resolution 16uS
3. Count the periods and allocate weighted points into 16 byte result accumulators
4. The accumulator with the highest number is the DTMF Tone, but only if;
5. that number is within a "safe window" to eliminate non-DTMF signals
Sampling only 30 periods takes under 45 mS and complies good enough with the standard minimum DTMF tone length of 51mS. The decoder seems to work well enough to find the highest points to match the DTMF Tone, but a "window" is needed to reject non-DTMF signals like solid tones and complex tones (like voice).
Note! I recorded the 30 periods into RAM, then did post-processing to allocate the weighted points. This was done because I also wanted to chart the results and needed to record them. For a practical decoder the recording is not needed, it can analyse each period easily in real time and only needs the 16 RAM bytes for the result accumulators.
Results of testing;
The numbers on the right of the display show the 16 result accumulators.
Above is an example of what most of the tones look like, there is a clear winner, in this case it is Tone 10 (_PHONE_).
Tone 3 (_PHONE_) shows a clear winner. Again this is pretty typical.
Tone 6 (_PHONE_) is one of the worst cases, it's reliable enough but there is not a very large safety margin.
Here are the weighted points values I used for the different periods; DTMF_simple_points.c
This is looking promising. Although it is not fully practical, this simple decoder uses no input hardware, very litle ROM, only TMR0 set to a low 16uS resolution, very little RAM, no interrupts, and only needs a slow PIC (assuming it does the weighted points in real time after each period capture). And it gives a working decode from as little as 30 periods (under 45 mS).
It's not a great decoder but it's working and would be possible even on a 4MHz PIC 10F, 12F or 16F, ie the bottom end PICs!
Decoder version 2 - a major improvement
The simple decoder above is basically just a crude spectrum analyser. All its decoding is based on the number of periods that fall within specific zones, and it JUST has enough information to decode the 16 DTMF Tones.
It occurred to me when making the top waveform diagram on this page that my HI-LO debounce actually performs a crude pattern recognition task as it will only synchronise to certain characteristics of the DTMF waveform. But the benefits of this pattern recognition are largely wasted as the simple decoder above makes no use of the order the periods are in, only the amount of each period.
So if the decoder could evaluate the order that the periods were captured in it would provide a lot more data to improve the separation between detecting individual DTMF Tones, and also improve the noise rejection so the decoder can more easily eliminate non-DTMF sounds.
How would this extra pattern recognition work?
Below are the two DTMF tone waveforms that the simple decoder was having some difficulty separating. The captured periods (in purple) are almost identical on each DTMF tone. It was separating the two tones based on the fact that Tone 3 has a lot more of the shorter periods than the longer period, a ratio of about 5:2. Where Tone 6 has different numbers of the shorter and longer periods, a ratio of about 3:4.
Above in Tone 3 you can see the new data, with some "double" periods drawn in orange and brown. These demonstrate the most basic pattern that is present; the 2 consecutive periods.
If we call the short period S and the long period L, most double periods consist of an SL pair with SS pairs too. The frequency of the patterns in Tone 3 is; SL/LS=4, SS=3, LL=0.
Above in Tone 6 the period pairs look very different! They are mostly SL pairs with one LL pair, the pair frequency is; SL/LS=6, SS=0, LL=1.
Making the best of the pattern data
Some system of allocating weighted points for each pattern that appears would quickly identify each DTMF


text:
The inner bark of the lapacho tree plays a central role in the herbal medicine of several South American indigenous peoples. They use it to treat cancer as well as a great variety of infectious diseases.
There has been very little scientific investigation of lapacho as a whole herb. However, an enormous amount of scientific interest has focused on three constituents of lapacho: lapachol, lapachone, and isolapachone. The relevance of these findings to the use of lapacho itself remains unclear.
What Is Lapacho Used for Today?
Similarly, these studies have been twisted to support claims that lapacho is useful for many infections, including colds and flus and bladder infections. However, there are at least two problems with this reasoning. First, lapacho has been tested primarily against fungi and parasites; there is little evidence that it can kill viruses (the cause of colds) or bacteria (the cause of most bladder infections). Furthermore, even if lapacho can kill these microorganisms on direct contact, this does not imply that it would be effective if taken by mouth. Consider this analogy: wine easily kills the cold virus on direct contact, but if you drink wine when you have a cold you're not likely to get well faster. Similarly, hundreds of herbal products kill microorganisms in the test tube, but fail to prove effective as systemic antibiotics. A substance taken by mouth has to survive the digestive tract and passage through the liver, and reach sufficient concentrations in the bloodstream to produce a meaningful effect. Few substances can do this without simultaneously proving toxic to the body; that's why antibiotics were not invented until the 20th century and remain difficult to invent even today. Until lapacho's potential effects as an oral antibiotic are examined directly, it is not reasonable to assume that the herb is likely to help systemic infections.
Lapacho contains many components that don't dissolve in water, so making tea from the herb is not the best idea. It's better to take capsulized powdered bark; a typical dose is 300 to 500 mg 3 times daily. The inner bark of the lapacho tree is said to be the most effective part of the plant.
- Reviewer: EBSCO CAM Review Board
- Review Date: 07/2012 -
- Update Date: 07/25/2012 -


text:
Goto: Documentation Home
To ensure maximum interoperability and simplified handling for implementing systems the rules by which data is passed between systems is clearly defined.
The GNAP protocol uses a standard URL path on GDS Servers, with the majority of request parameters encoded in the request part of the URL. All GDS transactions have a 4 character (A-Z,0-9) transaction code, which is applied after the URL stem of "/GNAP". So to request the BUCK transaction, the formed URL is "/GNAP/BUCK". The /GNAP part should be in uppercase, but servers will accept mixed case, but the BUCK part must be in uppercase.
From the base URL, various conversions and translations can be applied. A transction such as "BUCK" is processed by a generic handler, and these handlers only interface in the binary form of the GNAP protocol, they have no explicit knowledge of the client or how you want the data returned. Therefore you can extend the URL /GNAP/BUCK to include various request options that alter the format of the input and output to this transaction handler, but without the handler actually needing to be involved.
When requesting /GNAP transctions over HTTP link (such as from a browser), the default return format is simplified XML. You can insert a 'Reply Type' conversion between the /GNAP and /BUCK (or whatever transaction you are using) to convert the binary XML format to a format you prefer.
|/GNAP/BUCK||System selected default, which is XML for requests using HTTP on a TCP link|
|/GNAP/x/BUCK||Select XML format response|
|/GNAP/e/BUCK||Select extended XML format, where subpackets are named using an extended format, which can be easier to use in some languages|
|/GNAP/j/BUCK||Select JSON encoded response. There is also a JSON-P response format, described later. (See 'o' request format)
Not all requests can be converted to JSON in a useable form, but this is very rare within GDS transactions, and generally only advanced information (such as decoding time based audit records) that is affected. The problem is that some GNAP data packets contain information in time sequence with variable number of fields, which cannot be represented by the GNAP to JSON convertor. This restriction is unlikely to affect any normal business level requirement.
|/GNAP/t/BUCK||Select Text response format. This format is not fully specified and should be avoided as the result output may change without warning.|
|/GNAP/b/BUCK||Explicitly request GNAP binary format. This might be used by an application (not a browser) that is consuming GNAP data. The result from the transaction handler is sent using the HTTP Content-Type of application/octet-stream.|
|/GNAP/o/BUCK||Extended Options format. This format allows you to specify additional processing arguments beyond what can be given using a single letter as the above options are using.|
The 'o' (for Options) format allows you to specify many more arguments to the formating process. The URL format is /GNAP/o/[arguments]/BUCK
|[mkh,NNN]||Extract the field# NNN from the transaction response, and send that as a complete HTML webpage. mhk is short for "MaKe Html". This is useful where the GNAP transaction returns a complete HTML page in the response. The HTML is not altered from what is contained in the field, no headers or wrappers are applied to the output other than what is already in the transaction response.|
|[jp,NNN]||Convert the response to a format that can be used by JSON-P callback formats. This format is not yet fully specified, however using the form [jp] with no additional parameters will always result in the callback function jp100() being called.|
Where data is held in a multi host system, such that the server can apply the transaction to different input databases, the database itself will have a URL prefix stem, to which the gnap component is applied. Transaction handlers do not have any logic themselves to select different databases, so information about database and security context must be provided external to them.
The RetailMAX example store (a "database") makes some information publicly available. The URL stem for this store is /store/nz/example. Therefore, the gnap request url can be constructed as /store/nz/example/gnap/j/buck?.... This example will request a JSON formatted response, but other output encodings are permitted.
(Advanced, side issue) Technically, the /store/nz/example prefix is constructing a HOST transaction block, and binary request formats, such as direct TCP, can emulate this behaviour with the HOST transaction.
An integer is encoded as a sequence of digits, with an optional leading sign (+ or -). Leading zeros and plus sign (+) are optional and may be discarded. Large numbers are
On input, you can force the GNAP encoding to be 'E' (uppercase E) (4 byte signed integer type) by post fixing the field name with _E (eg "f123_E" or "f123:E")
On output dates are encoded as a pipe delimited list of fields, from year to second. for example, the 1st of March 2008 is delivered as "2008|3|1". For most languages this can be rapidly transformed into native date formats. Time is encoded in 24 hour time. Users are advised that the seconds field can range from 0 to 61 in rare circumstances. (leap seconds)
There are exceptions to this output format for some clients. These apply only to specified client types, such as iPhones being served dates from Meetu4.
On input the formats are slightly more flexible. You can encode in any of the following formats to most servers.
|YYYY|MM|DD|HH|mm|SS|CCC||2008|03|01|13|52|05||Preferred GDS date encoding|
|dd-mmm-yyyy hh:mm:ss.ccc||1-Mar-2008 13:52:05||Textual input format. The month must be encoded using 3 english letter format (jan, feb, etc)|
The format "dd/mm/yyyy" or "mm/dd/yyyy" is expressly forbidden. This format has two digit day and month fields and cannot distiguish between different users intentions. Is "3/1/2008" the 3rd of January, or the 1st of March? This depends on the user and the server cannot reliably interpret this value. Servers are free to report errors whenever this format is used.


Stylish Vector Flower
Learn how to create stylish vector/line flower with Illustrator Blend Tool. This Adobe Illustrator tutorial is great for creating background and large print illustration.
Download Source File
Required: Illustrator 8+
1. Flower Petal
Create two stroke paths: one yellow and one blue.
2. Blend Options
Go to Object > Blend > Blend Options and set it to Specified Steps = 10. Specified Steps basically tells how many step to blend from 1 object to another.
blend options
Now select the 2 petal paths, go to Object > Blend > Make or press Ctrl + Alt + B and you should get something looks like the image shown below.
3. Duplicate More Petals
Duplicate more petals to form the flower by Copy & Paste or Alt + Drag.
more petals
4. Stem
Create a stem by using the same Blend technique as in the previous step. Here I set the Specified Steps = 8.
5. Leaf
The leaf is formed by 2 parts, top and bottom. I use Specified Steps = 5 here.
6. Put Them Together
Now put them together to create a beautiful flower.
full flower
7. Right Long Leaf
Create a long leaf with Blend step = 3.
right long leaf
8. Left Long Leaf
Repeat the previous step to create the left long leaf.
left leaf
Your final image should looks like the image shown below:
Play around with the stroke color, stroke weight, Blend step, Transparency and you might get unexpected nice result. Here is a sample I did in Photoshop, with different Blend Mode, Multiply and Darken. This image style is good for creating website header, banner, wallpaper, background, large print, etc.


container uses up all allocated memory. If you could detect this while the container is still running but not yet killed, you are much more likely to be able to intervene in time.
In DC/OS there are three main endpoints for metrics:
 - DC/OS metrics
 - endpoint exposing combined metrics from tasks/container, nodes, and applications
 - Mesos metrics
 - endpoint exposing Mesos-specific metrics
 - Marathon metrics
 - endppoint exposing Marathon-specific metrics
One way to leverage metrics to help with debugging is to set up a dashboard. This dashboard would include the most important metrics related to the services you want to monitor. For example, you could use prometheus and grafana to make a metrics dashboard.
Ideally, with the dashboard configured and functioning, you can identify potential problems before they become actual bugs. Moreover, when issues do arise, this sort of dashboard can be extremely helpful in determining the cause of the bug(e.g. maybe a cluster has no free resources). Each link from the endpoint item listed above provides recommendations for the metrics you should monitor for that endpoint.
Sometimes the task logs provide insufficient help. In these cases, using your favorite Linux tools (e.g. curl, cat, ping, etc…) to get an interactive point of view could be a worthwhile next step.
For example, if you are using a [Universal Container Runtime (UCR)] (/mesosphere/dcos/latest/deploying-services/containerizers/ucr/), you can use dcos task exec as follows:
dcos task exec -it
and be presented with an interactive bash shell inside that container.
IMPORTANT: If you alter the state of the container when using dcos task exec in the manner above, you must update the stored app-definition and restart the container from that updated app-definition. If you fail to do so, then your changes will be lost the next time the container restarts.
Alternatively, when using a docker containerizer, you can SSH into the node in question and run docker exec to investigate the running container.
HTTP Endpoints
DC/OS has a large number of additional endpoints that could be useful for debugging:
 - /mesos/master/state-summary
The state-summary endpoint returns a json encoded summary of the agents, tasks, and frameworks inside the cluster. This is especially helpful when considering allocation of resources across the cluster, as it shows you whether there are resources already reserved for a particular role (there are more details on this in one of the debugging scenarios provided below.
NOTE: See the complete list of Mesos endpoints.
 - /marathon/v2/queue
Marathon's queue endpoint returns a list of all tasks in the queue to be scheduled by Marathon. This endpoint is valuable when troubleshooting scaling or deployment problems.
The DC/OS community is a great place to ask additional questions either via Slack or the mailing list. Also keep in mind that both Mesos and Marathon have their own communities in addition to the DC/OS community.
Other Tools
There are other debugging tools as well – internal to DC/OS as well as external tools like Sysdig or Instana. These tools can be especially helpful in determining non DC/OS specific issues (e.g., Linux Kernel or networking problems).


machine the slave is running on, who to thank for the compute cycles being donated) and data extracted from the system automatically (CPU type, OS name, versions of various build tools).
The live status client shows the results of the last build, but does not otherwise show historical information. It provides extensive information about the current build: overall ETA, individual step ETA, data about what changes are being processed. It will be possible to get at the error logs from the last build through this interface.
Eventually, e-mail and IRC notices can be sent when builds have succeeded or failed. Mail messages can include the compile/test logs or summaries thereof. The buildmaster can sit on the IRC channel and accept queries about current build status, such as how long until the current build finishes, or what tests are currently failing.
Other status displays are possible. Test and compile errors can be tracked by filename or test case name, providing view on how that one file has fared over time. Errors can be tracked by username, giving a history of how one developer has affected the build over time.
The buildbot administrator will find a publically-reachable machine to host the buildmaster. They decide upon the BuildProcesses to be run, and create the Builders that use them. Creating complex build processes will involve writing a new python class to implement the necessary decision-making, but it will be possible to create simple ones like checkout, make, make test from the command line or through a web-based configuration interface. They also decide upon what forms of status notification should be used: what TCP port should be used for the web server, where mail should be sent, what IRC channels should receive success/failure messages.
Next, they need to arrange for change notification. If the repository is using CVSToys, then they simply tell the buildmaster the host, port, and login information for the CVSToys server. When the buildmaster starts up, it will contact the server and subscribe to hear about all CVS changes. If not, a cvs-commits mailing list is needed. Most large projects have such a list: every time a change is committed, an email is sent to everyone on the list which contains details about what was changed and why (the checkin comments). The admin should subscribe to this list, and dump the resulting mail into a qmail-style maildir. (It doesn't matter who is subscribed, it could be the admin themselves or a buildbot-specific account, just as long as the mail winds up in the right place). Then they tell the buildmaster to monitor that maildir. Each time a message arrives, it will be parsed, and the contents used to trigger the buildprocess. All forms of CVS notification include a filtering prefix, to tell the buildmaster it should ignore commits outside a certain directory. This is useful if the repository is used for multiple projects.
Finally, they need to arrange for build slaves. Some projects use dedicated machines for this purpose, but many do not have that luxury and simply use developer's personal workstations. Projects that would benefit from testing on multiple platforms will want to find build slaves on a variety of operating systems. Frequently these build slaves are run by volunteers or developers involved in the project who have access to the right equipment. The admin will give each of these people a name/password for their build slave, as well as the location (host/port) of the buildmaster. The build slave owners simply start a process on their systems with the appropriate parameters and it will connect to the build master.
Both the build master and the build slaves are Twisted Application instances. A.tap file holds the pickled application state, and a daemon-launching program called twistd is used to start the process, detach from the current tty, log output to a file, etc. When the program is terminated, it saves its state to another.tap file. Next time, twistd is told to start from that file and the application will be restarted exactly where it left off.
The master is intended to be publically available, but of course limitations can be put on it for private projects. User accounts and passwords can be required for live status clients that want to connect, or the master can allow arbitrary anonymous access to status information. Twisted's Perspective Broker RPC system and careful design provides security for the real-time status client port: those clients are read-only, and cannot do anything to disrupt the build master or the build processes running on the slaves.
Build slaves each have a name and password, and typically the project coordinator would provide these to developers or volunteers who wished to offer a host machine for builds. The build slaves connect to the master, so they can be behind a firewall or NAT box, as long as they can still do a checkout and compile. Registering build slaves helps prevent DoS attacks where idiots attach fake build slaves that are not actually capable of performing the build, displacing the actual slave.
Running a build slave on your machine is equivalent to giving a local account to everyone who can commit code to the repository. Any such developer could add an rm -rf / or code to start a remotely-accessible shell to a Makefile and then do naughty things with the account under which the build slave was launched. If this is a concern, the build slave can be run inside a chroot jail or other means (like a user-mode-linux sub-kernel), as long as it is still capable of checking out a tree and running all commands necessary for the build.
Inspirations and Competition
Buildbot was originally inspired by Mozilla's Tinderbox project, but is intended to conserve resources better (tinderbox uses dedicated build machines to continually rebuild the tree, buildbot only rebuilds when something has changed, and not even then for some builds) and deliver more useful status information. I've seen other projects with similar goals [CruiseControl on sourceforge is a java-based one], but I believe this one is more flexible.
Current Status
Buildbot is currently under development. Basic builds, web-based status reporting, and a basic Gtk+-based real-time status client are all functional. More work is being done to make the build process more flexible and easier to configure, add better status reporting, and add new kinds of build steps. An instance has been running against the Twisted source tree (which includes extensive unit tests) since February 2003.
Future Directions
Once the configuration process is streamlined and a release is made, the next major feature is the try command. This will be a tool to which they developer can submit a series of potential changes, before they are actually checked in. try will assemble the changed and/or new files and deliver them to the build master, which will then initiate a build cycle with the current tree plus the potential changes. This build is private, just for the developer who requested it, so failures will not be announced publically. It will run all the usual tests from a full build and report the results back to the developer. This way, a developer can verify their changes, on more platforms then they directly have access to, with a single command. By making it easy to thoroughly test their changes before checkin, developers will have no excuse for breaking the build.
For projects that have unit tests which can be broken up into individual test cases, the BuildProcess will have some steps to track each test case separately. Developers will be able to look at the history of individual tests, to find out things like test_import passed until foo.c was changed on monday, then failed until bar.c was changed last night. This can also be used to make breaking a previously-passing test a higher crime than failing to fix an already-broken one. It can also help to detect intermittent failures, ones that need to be fixed but which can't be blamed on the last developer to commit changes. For test cases that represent new functionality which has not yet been implemented, the list of failing test cases can serve as a convenient TODO list.
If a large number of changes occur at the same time and the build fails afterwards, a clever process could try modifying one file (or one developer's files) at a time, to find one which is the actual cause of the failure. Intermittent test failures could be identified by re-running the failing test a number of times, looking for changes in the results.
Project-specific methods can be developed to identify the guilty developer more precisely, for example grepping through source files for a Maintainer tag, or a static table of module owners. Build failures could be reported to the owner of the module as well as the developer who made the offending change.
The Builder could update entries in a bug database automatically: a change could have comments which claim it fixes #12345, so the bug DB is queried to find out that test case ABC should be used to verify the bug. If test ABC was failing before and now passes, the bug DB can be told to mark #12345 as machine-verified. Such entries could also be used to identify which tests to run, for a quick build that wasn't running the entire test suite.
The Buildbot could be integrated into the release cycle: once per week, any build which passes a full test suite is automatically tagged and release tarballs are created.
It should be possible to create and configure the Builders from the main status web page, at least for processes that use a generic checkout / make / make test sequence. Twisted's Woven framework provides a powerful HTML tool that could be used create the necessary controls.
If the master or a slave is interrupted during a build, it is frequently possible to re-start the interrupted build. Some steps can simply be re-invoked (make or cvs update). Interrupting others may require the entire build to be re-started from scratch (cvs export). The Buildbot will be extended so that both master and slaves can report to the other


text:
Energy of Simple Harmonic Motion
ENERGY OF A SPRING/MASS
When a mass is connected gently to a hanging spring, it moves downward until it reaches an equilibrium position. When it
is displaced upwards or downwards from that point, it goes into Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM).
During SHM, the mass moves upwards and downwards, changing the length of the spring. Three forms of energy are involved in this motion - gravitational poten
tial, translational kinetic and elastic potential. In this lab, you will examine the relationships between these three quantities throughout a single cycle of motion and test the conservation of mechanical energy.
ne a classic physics lab from the standpoint of the energies involved
- Test the conservation of mechanical energy
Spring, Hanging Mass, Motion Sensor, Computer Interface
Computer, Interface Software
- As the mass moves up and down, what energies are involved? How did the mass get the original amount of each energy?
- What relationship gives the amount of elastic energy in the spring?
- Compare the amounts of eac
h energy (in a qualitative way) at the three extremes of motion - topmost point, middle, and bottommost point.
1. Prepare the equipment for data collection:
2. Carry out the data collection:
- Connect the laboratory interface to the computer.
onnect the motion sensor to the appropriate channel of the laboratory interface.
- Record the total mass.
- Position the mass so it hangs 60-70 cm above the motion sensor when it is in equilibrium.
- Launch the software needed for measuring position and velocity during your experiment.
- Pull the mass down approximately 10 cm (if the spring will allow this much extension) and release it, setting it in
- When the motion is smooth and straight up and down, begin data collection.
- Stop the data collection after two or three cycles have elapsed.
3. After analyzing the data, repeat the procedure using a new hanging mass or a new sprin
- Construct a spreadsheet that contains the values of the following quantities:
- Constants: Mass, Spring Constant
- Variables: Position (height), Velocity, Time
- Calculated Values:
Gravitational Potential Energy (Ug)
Kinetic Energy (K)
Elastic Potential Energy (Ue)
Total Mechanical Energy (Et)
- Record the position, velocity and time for at least 15 different positions during a single cycle of the motion.
li> Calculate Ug based on height above the lowest point of the motion.
- Calculate Ue based on distance below the highest point of the motion.
- Graph all four calculated values as functions of time.
- What is your conclusion regarding the total
mechanical energy during a cycle of motion?
- What observations did you make regarding the relative sizes of the various energies during a cycle of motion?
1. If one considers that energy must be conserved, and theref
ore the total energy at each position must be the same, the lab can be re-configured to dynamically determine the spring constant k. What value of k would keep the total energy constant, and how does this agree/disagree with the value of k determi
ned in a separate measurement?
2. An air track glider could be mounted between two springs and set into SHM. A similar analysis could be done, but with only elastic and kinetic energies. If the air track were mounted at an angle, gravitational energ
y would be introduced.
Another alternative would be to fasten the glider to a spring, and connect a mass to it by a thread passing over a pulley. The total mass must be used, and the gravitational potential energy changes of the mass moving up and do
wn must be included.
With springs connected on either side of the glider, the effective spring constant could be determined and related to the individual spring constants. Although this is often a problem for AP students, it can be examined experimen
tally by non-AP students in this format.
Written by Clarence Bakken. Posted 7/29/96.


text:
The History of Medical Schools in the U.S.
The very first medical school in the original thirteen colonies was founded in 1765 by John Morgan at the University of Pennsylvania, which at the time was known as the College of Philadelphia. The faculty had been trained at the University of Edinburgh and used British medical education as the model. Thus, the first medical school in the United States was built within an institution of higher learning. It promoted bedside learning that was to supplement medical lectures. The medical school was within a few blocks from the Pennsylvania Hospital that was founded by Benjamin Franklin.
Medical education in that era included formal lectures for a semester or two and several years of apprenticeship. There was no formal tuition, no prerequisite academic preparation, and written exams were not mandatory. With the progress of science in the nineteenth century started the new era of medical education calling for full time investigators and teachers in biochemistry, bacteriology, pharmacology, etc. In the 1870s, the first teaching hospital, the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, was built.
Medical school in the 20th Century
The birth of modern medical education in The United States and Canada is often attributed to Abraham Flexner, a professional educator, who in 1910 published the Flexner Report for the Carnegie Foundation. The report was a commentary of the state of medical education at the time. It criticized the fact that there were too many medical schools, many of which were substandard. At the time the report was published there were 155 medical schools in the United States and Canada and only 16 of these required two or more years of college work as an admission requirement. Flexner proposed a four-year medical school curriculum - two years of basic science education followed by two years of clinical training. He also proposed the requirements for admission to include the high school diploma and a minimum of two years of college science. The report resulted in the closure of many medical schools that were not incorporated within a university. In 1935 there were 66 M.D. granting institutions that survived the reform, 57 of which were part of a university.
These improvements in medical education were followed by the birth of standardized testing for medical school admissions. The Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) was developed in 1928. It was implemented to improve attrition rates that at the time ranged from 5 to 50 percent. By 1946 attrition rates at medical schools in the U.S. decreased to 7 percent.
The student body
As for the student body in these early medical schools, it will come as no surprise that the students were white and male. Medical schools were closed to African-Americans, except for a few older medical schools in the north. The first African-American to graduate from a northern medical school was Dr. David J. Peck who graduated from Rush Medical School in 1847. Between 1868 and 1904 seven medical schools for African-Americans were established. Unfortunately, by 1923 only Howard University Medical School and Meharry Medical School remained open. Things were not much better for women. The first medical school for women, The Women's Medical College of Pennsylvania, was founded in 1850, and is now known as the Medical College of Pennsylvania. The first woman to graduate from a medical school in the U.S. was Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell. She graduated first in class from Geneva Medical College in New York in 1849. The first African-American woman to graduate from a medical school in the U.S. was Dr. Rebecca Lee Crumpler who graduated from the New England Female Medical College in Boston in 1864.
Med school today
Today there are 125 M.D. granting institutions, most of which still follow the curriculum that was proposed by Flexner and all of which require the MCAT. Thing have changed however, most notably the student and medical school faculty body. Each year, a little over 17,000 students start their first year of medical schools, close to 30 percent of whom are minorities. In 2004 50 percent of the entering class of medical students and 45 percent of the graduating class were women.
- Ivana Nikolic
In 2005, 37,364 people applied to medical schools in the United States, and 17,004 of these people were accepted and enrolled later that year. Of the 46 percent of applicants accepted to medical school, there is no GPA or MCAT score that guarantees acceptance. Here are some of the basic statistics on medical schools and the average MCAT scores and GPA for applicants and matriculates.
There are a total of 125 allopathic American medical schools, with locations in 44 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. New York State has the most medical schools, with 12, followed by California with eight and Illinois and Texas each with seven. On the other end of the spectrum, six states - Alaska, Delaware, Idaho, Maine, Montana, and Wyoming - do not have any medical schools, and nineteen states have only one medical school. Of the 125 medical schools, 75 are public institutions, whereas 50 are private institutions. The difference between the two is that public schools get funding from state governments, whereas private schools rely on tuition, fees, and gifts for financial support. Because public schools are state funded, they take mostly students from within their state (which usually comprises 80 to 90 percent of students). Some of these medical schools are quite large and have multiple campuses and over 300 entering students a year, such as the University of Illinois College of Medicine. However, others are quite small and admit roughly 40 students a year, such as Mayo in Minnesota. Many schools provide students with the opportunity to complete other degrees in combination with their medical education, such as a PhD, law degree, Master of Public Health, or Master of Business Administration. If you are interested in a particular dual-degree program, it is best to contact schools directly to determine if they offer the programs that interest you.
The cost of attending medical school varies greatly, with private schools generally being more expensive than public schools. The average yearly cost for an in-state resident to attend a public medical school, which includes tuition and fees, was $19,961 in 2005-2006, whereas the average yearly cost for an out-of-state resident to attend a public school was $38,865. The average cost for a state resident or non-resident to attend a private medical school was $38,190 and $39,024, respectively (please note that most private schools have the same tuition for both in-state and out-of-state students. However, a small number charge less tuition for in-state residents). Although it can be informative to look at the average costs of medical schools, it is important to remember that the tuition and fees vary greatly even amongst private or public schools. For instance, the most expensive medical school in the country for non-residents is not a private school, but a public state school, the University of Colorado, which cost non-residents a whopping $75,739 in 2005-2006. The most expensive public medical school for state residents has an annual price tag of less than half of this, which is the University of Minnesota-Twin Cities with a 2005-2006 tuition and fees of $30,998. In contrast, the least expensive public school for state residents was East Carolina-Brody in North Carolina with an annual cost of $9,068, whereas the least expensive public school for non-residents was the University of Puerto Rico at $17,248, with the University of Mississippi a close second at $18,309. Among private schools, Tufts University in Boston was the most expensive for both residents and non-residents, with a cost of $46,063, whereas Baylor was the least expensive, costing Texas state residents $12,607 per year and non-residents $25,707 per year. Given such striking differences, if the cost of attending medical school is an important factor for you, it is essential to determine the actual cost associated with attending each of the medical schools that you apply to. It may be helpful to even do a little investigative work to determine the amount of financial aid, in the forms or grants, scholarships, and loans that students are awarded at particular schools. While data on the indebtedness of the most recent medical school graduates is not yet available, in 2003, roughly 85 percent of graduates had medical school loan debts. The average debt for public school graduates was $100,000, whereas that for private school graduates was $135,000. It is estimated that these values will continue to rise, and by 2007, the average public medical school graduate will owe roughly $117,000, and the average private medical school graduate will owe roughly $150,000.
There is not a particular set of guidelines that gets a person into medical school, or makes a person a successful physician. However, it may be helpful to know some basic statistics about the most recent applicants and matriculates. In 2005, there were 37,364 applicants, which was up 4.6 percent from 2004, though not nearly as high as the peak number of applicants of nearly 47,000 in 1996. Of the 37,364 applicants, 49.8 percent were women, and 75.7 percent were first-time applicants. California residents accounted for the highest number of applicants, at 4,288, while Rhode Island had the least at 71. Forty-six percent of the 37,364 applicants matriculated to a medical school in 2005. Forty-nine percent of those were women with an average age of 23, whereas the average age of male matriculates was 24. Twenty-nine percent of


A lion is the most effective predator
Up to 1500 kilograms in weight : Discovered one of the greatest predators in history
In Kenya, researchers have discovered one of the largest carnivorous mammals that has ever lived on earth. The lion-like animal was probably up to 1,500 kilograms and "possibly larger than a polar bear," reported researchers around Matthew Borths from Ohio University in the USA.
Accordingly, it was the predominant carnivore in the area and was likely able to hunt animals that resemble today's elephants and hippos. It lived around 23 million years ago in Eurasia, North America and parts of Africa and the Arab world.
The new species was named Simbakubwa kutokaafrika, as the scientists write in the "Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology". In the Swahili language, which is widespread in East Africa, "Simba" means "lion", "kubwa" means "big" and "kutokaafrika" means "from Africa".
The animal was identified based on an incomplete lower jaw as well as teeth and bone fragments. These were excavated decades ago in the Meswa Bridge site in western Kenya. According to the researchers, the animal was not related to today's big cats, but belonged to an extinct group of mammals.
For a long time it was believed that the find belonged to a smaller species. According to the researchers, the new investigations at the National Museum of Nairobi showed that it is a new species of animal. The teeth and bone fragments probably came from a young male animal. The researchers determine the age by the fact that the teeth are remarkably little worn.
The scientists believe that the size of the animal had something to do with its surroundings. Changes in nature during this time allowed larger herbivores to live on earth, the researchers explained. These in turn could be hunted by larger carnivores. Large carnivores like Zimbakubwa therefore existed for millions of years. (dpa)


text:
The United States Fish and Wildlife Service will end its effort to restore Atlantic salmon to the Connecticut River basin because the program has not worked well enough to justify the cost. A similar program in the Merrimack River could meet the same fate.
The program, which began in 1967, stocked six million tiny fry and 75,000-90,000 larger salmon smolts throughout the Connecticut River estuary in 2010, at the cost of $2 million. Despite these efforts, only 50 adult salmon returned to the river to spawn this spring. In order to build a self-sustaining population, at least 1,000 salmon would need to return each year, according to Bill Archambault, Fish and Wildlife Regional Assistant Director for Fisheries.
The USFWS will begin a three year evaluation of the Merrimack River program before making a final decision.


text:
The concept of a bi-directional language (English-Spanish) comic book focused on engineering was brought to life through a partnership with LosKitos _URL_.
This EduComic book, brings an engineering topic to life for middle school students.
Simultaneously published in English and Spanish, the EduComic Book serves as a valuable teaching tool in ESL classrooms and those looking to improve their English and/or Spanish.
Copies of the EduComic Book may be requested for a nominal fee.
Sponsors included Proctor and Gamble and General Electric. Future publications will become available pending funding.


by A Tayyebi, GD Jenerette
Science of the Total Environment 548-549:60-71
Increasing temperatures in urban environments has motivated many metropolitan cities to manage climate change by addressing heat related issues through vegetation. A study was conducted to better understand how variation in vegetation across a coastal to desert climate in Los Angeles can function as a climate change adaption tool. The investigation found a link between persistent cooling and the availability of urban vegetation. Results also indicated a positive relationship between income and vegetation distribution; areas with higher incomes had higher levels of vegetation. This relationship was found to further correspond to urban land surface temperature variation. The significance of the effects on surface temperature were found to vary considerably throughout the geographic region under study. Vegetation cooling capacity increased across the coastal to urban climate gradient. The sources and outcomes of the variation were then quantified through structural equation modeling. Study results demonstrate the effectiveness of using vegetation as a heat risk reducing intervention across large geographic regions. The increased effectiveness of vegetation in inland areas provides useful information for urban planners looking to mitigate the effects of climate change.
Region: Los Angeles, California
Publication Type: Journal article
Keywords: climate change, remote sensing, urban greening, urban planning, urbanization, and vegetative barrier


it. A typical
situation is applying selected bug fixes from the development version
of a program to a release branch. The cherry-picked changes will not
be committed automatically; you need to do that explicitly.
Typing _USER_{A} will cherry-pick the current commit and will also
commit the changes automatically when there have not been any
Typing _USER_{v} will revert the current commit. Thus, it will apply
the changes made by that commit in reverse. This is obviously useful
to cleanly undo changes that turned out to be wrong. As with _USER_{a},
you need to commit the changes explicitly.
Typing _USER_{C-w} will copy the sha1 of the current commit into the
kill ring.
Typing _USER_{=} will show the differences from the current commit to
the _USER_{marked} commit.
You can mark the current commit by typing _USER_{.}. When the current
commit is already marked, typing _USER_{.} will unmark it. To unmark
the marked commit no matter where point is, use _USER_{C-u.}.
Some commands, such as _USER_{=}, will use the current commit and the
marked commit as implicit arguments. Other commands will offer the
marked commit as a default when prompting for their arguments.
_USER_ Reflogs
_USER_ Reflogs
You can use _USER_{l h} and _USER_{l H} to browse your _USER_{reflog}, the
local history of changes made to your repository heads. Typing
_USER_{H} will ask for a head, while _USER_{l h} will show the reflog of
The resulting buffer is just like the buffer produced by _USER_{l l} and
_USER_{l L} that shows the commit history.
_USER_ Commit Buffer
_USER_ Commit Buffer
When you view a commit (perhaps by selecting it in the log buffer,
_USER_{History}), the ''commit buffer'' is displayed, showing you
information about the commit and letting you interact with it.
By placing your cursor within the diff or hunk and typing _USER_{a}, you
can apply the same patch to your working copy. This is useful when
you want to copy a change from another branch, but don't necessarily
want to cherry-pick the whole commit.
By typing _USER_{v} you can apply the patch in reverse, removing all the
lines that were added and adding all the lines that were removed.
This is a convenient way to remove a change after determining that it
introduced a bug.
If the commit message refers to any other commits in the repository by
their unique hash, the hash will be highlighted and you will be able
to visit the referenced commit either by clicking on it or by moving
your cursor onto it and pressing _USER_{RET}.
The commit buffer maintains a history of the commits it has shown.
After visiting a referenced commit you can type _USER_{C-c C-b} to get
back to where you came from. To go forward in the history, type
_USER_{C-c C-f}. There are also _USER_{[back]} and _USER_{[forward]}
buttons at the bottom of the buffer.
_USER_ Diffing
_USER_ Diffing
Magit typically shows diffs in the ''unified'' format.
In any buffer that shows a diff, you can type _USER_{e} anywhere within
the diff to show the two versions of the file in Ediff. If the diff
is of a file in the status buffer that needs to be merged, you will be
able to use Ediff as an interactive merge tool. Otherwise, Ediff will
simply show the two versions of the file.
To show the changes from your working tree to another revision, type
_USER_{d}. To show the changes between two arbitrary revisions, type
You can use _USER_{a} within the diff output to apply the changes to
your working tree. As usual when point is in a diff header for a
file, all changes for that file are applied, and when it is in a hunk,
only that hunk is. When the region is active, the applied changes are
restricted to that region.
Typing _USER_{v} will apply the selected changes in reverse.
_USER_ Tagging
_USER_ Tagging
Typing _USER_{t t} will make a lighweight tag. Typing _USER_{t a} will
make an annotated tag. It will put you in the normal
_USER_{*magit-log-edit} buffer for writing commit messages, but typing
_USER_{C-c C-c} in it will make the tag instead. This is controlled by
the _USER_{Tag} field that will be added to the _USER_{*magit-log-edit*}
buffer. You can edit it, if you like.
_USER_ Resetting
_USER_ Resetting
Once you have added a commit to your local repository, you can not
change that commit anymore in any way. But you can reset your current
head to an earlier commit and start over.
If you have published your history already, rewriting it in this way
can be confusing and should be avoided. However, rewriting your local
history is fine and it is often cleaner to fix mistakes this way than
by reverting commits (with _USER_{v}, for example).
Typing _USER_{x} will ask for a revision and reset your current head to
it. No changes will be made to your working tree and staging area.
Thus, the _USER_{Staged changes} section in the status buffer will show
the changes that you have removed from your commit history. You can
commit the changes again as if you had just made them, thus rewriting
Typing _USER_{x} while point is in a line that describes a commit will
offer this commit as the default revision to reset to. Thus, you can
move point to one of the commits in the _USER_{Unpushed commits}
section and hit _USER_{x RET} to reset your current head to it.
Type _USER_{X} to reset your working tree and staging area to the most
recently committed state. This will discard your local modifications,
so be careful.
You can give a prefix to _USER_{x} if you want to reset both the current
head and your working tree to a given commit. This is the same as
first using an unprefixed _USER_{x} to reset only the head, and then
using _USER_{X}.
_USER_ Stashing
_USER_ Stashing
You can create a new stash with _USER_{z z}. Your stashes will be listed
in the status buffer, and you can apply them with _USER_{a} and pop them
with _USER_{A}. To drop a stash, use _USER_{k}.
With a prefix argument, both _USER_{a} and _USER_{A} will attempt to
reinstate the index as well as the working tree from the stash.
Typing _USER_{z -k z} will create a stash just like _USER_{z z}, but will
leave the changes in your working tree and index. This makes it easier
to, for example, test multiple variations of the same change.
If you just want to make quick snapshots in between edits, you can use
_USER_{z s}, which automatically enters a timestamp as description, and
keeps your working tree and index intact by default.
You can visit and show stashes in the usual way: Typing _USER_{SPC} and
_USER_{DEL} will pop up a buffer with the description of the stash and
scroll it, typing _USER_{RET} will move point into that buffer. Using
_USER_{C-u RET} will move point into that buffer in other window.
_USER_ Branching
_USER_ Branching
The current branch is indicated in the header of the status buffer.
You can switch to a different branch by typing _USER_{b b}. This will
immediately checkout the branch into your working copy, so you
shouldn't have any local modifications when switching branches.
If you try to switch to a remote branch, Magit will offer to create a
local tracking branch for it instead. This way, you can easily start
working on new branches that have appeared in a remote repository.
Typing _USER_{b b} while point is at a commit description will offer
that commit as the default to switch to. This will result in a
detached head.
Typing _USER_{b m} will let you rename a branch. Unless a branch with the same
name already exists, obviously...
To create a new branch and switch to it immediately, type _USER_{b n}.
To delete a branch, type _USER_{b d}. If you're currently on that
branch, Magit will offer to switch to the'master' branch.
Deleting a branch is only possible if it's already fully merged into
HEAD or its upstream branch. Unless you type _USER_{b D}, that is.
Here be dragons...
Typing _USER_{b v} will list the local and remote branches in a new buffer
called _USER_{*magit-branches*} from which you can work with them. See
_USER_{The Branch Manager} for more details.
_USER_ The Branch Manager
_USER_ The Branch Manager
The Branch Manager is a separate buffer called _USER_{*magit-branches*}
with its own local key map. The buffer contains both local and remote
branches. The current


text:
You may have heard of Abby and Brittany Hensel before, either on Oprah, in Time Magazine, or on their TLC TV special. For those who don't know about these two sisters, though, Abigail and Brittany Hensel are a set of conjoined twins that share a body but have two separate heads. They are completely different people; they simply happen to share a torso, arms, and legs. This, naturally, raises a lot of questions, and the Hensel twins have many times offered to answer some of the more common questions the public is dying to know.
Of course, there are some questions that are awkward to ask or just don't have easy answers. How do conjoined twins live together, and what do they do for a job? How do they eat, use the bathroom, or even pursue romance? Contained here are the answers to some of these questions, and many of them are surprisingly simple.
So, if you're curious about these two young ladies, often mistaken as one person, keep reading. Abby and Brittany are definitely miraculous in more ways than you might imagine.
They're A Statistical Anomaly For Surviving Into Adulthood
Conjoined twins are very rare. It is estimated that only one in every 200,000 births results in conjoined twins. Up to 60% of births result in a stillborn child, and less than 1% of conjoined twins survive infancy. As such, there may be fewer than 12 sets of conjoined twins alive today, and Abby and Brittany are one of them.
Even if conjoined twins live through their childhood years, a myriad of health problems can lead to lower odds of survival. Given all of this, Abby and Brittany's survival into adulthood puts them in an infinitesimal minority.
Their Internal Organs Are A Unique Mix Of Shared And Individual
Interestingly enough, modern medicine is very aware of how Abby and Brittany's insides work, and we know what way they are joined.
Between them, the twins have: two spines merging at the pelvis, one broad ribcage, two hearts in a shared circulatory system, four lungs (two are fused), two stomachs, two gallbladders, one liver, one small and large intestine, three kidneys, one bladder, and one set of reproductive organs.
In other words, there are definitely two people inside that body, but they share some rather vital organs - which means they cannot be separated.
Now, you might be wondering, since they share a reproductive system, how do they engage in intercourse? Would they be able to have children? Though it hasn't happened yet (that they've told us), the girls have expressed a desire to start a family and get married, so this issue may be something they have to figure out someday.
They Originally Had Three Arms
Though it is very apparent now that Abby and Brittany have two arms, they had three when they were still infants. This third arm was only rudimentary and ultimately useless, however, so it was more of a hindrance than a help in that it made moving the shoulder blades difficult. For this reason, Abby and Brittany's parents had the extra arm removed when they were very little.
In general, Abby and Brittany's parents do not allow for non-vital medical examinations, procedures, or studies, but this, and one major surgery to correct growth in their ribcage, were both done as the girls grew. Nowadays, major surgeries seem to be a thing of the past for the pair.
They Both Only Control One Half Of Their Body
When Abby and Brittany walk, move, or do daily activities, it's actually more difficult than you might imagine. You see, Brittany controls the left side of the body, while Abby controls the right. That means each girl has to control one leg and one arm on their own. The twins had to learn to crawl, walk, run, write, and get dressed in tandem, so even standing up takes total coordination.
That's not to say the girls are uncoordinated. They like to play sports, such as volleyball and bowling, and they can both write, swim, and dance together like any other person might. They even have a knack for music.


text:
Object reference not set to an instance of an object.
Method 1: Rerun "setup /prepareAD"
- On the server that is running Microsoft Exchange Server, open a Command Prompt window as an administrator, and then change to the folder in which the Exchange installation files are stored.
- Run the following command:
- Restart the server.
- Rerun the Hybrid Configuration wizard.
Method 2: Perform an authoritative restore of the hybrid objectRestore the hybrid object that was deleted from the following location:
Still need help? Go to Microsoft Community or the Exchange TechNet Forums.


Re: Greek Word Order
Edgar Krentz (
Thu, 23 Jan 1997 15:26:58 -0600
>and Koine. I entered into a discussion of this topic with my Advanced
>Greek class based upon the information in Young's grammar. He asserts
>that the basic order of words in sentences not containing linking verbs
>is verb-subject-object, while sentences with linking verbs generally
>follow the pattern verb-subject-compliment (pp. 214-18).
>Machen suggests just the opposite: "The normal order of the sentence in
>Moule does not propose a specific order, but rather simply follows the
>logic that "the emphatic word comes at or near the beginning of the
>sentence" (_Idiom Book_, p. 166).
>It would appear that a number of prominent grammarians would be in
>agreement with Young's analysis of an "unmarked" or common word order
>Robertson, p. 417).
>I would be interested in hearing what those on the list would have to
>say about this matter, both in regard to Classical and Koine Greek.
referreda to K.J. Dover's GREEK WORD ORDER (Oxford U Press in the 1950s).
I have neglected to note the url for the archives, but Jonathon can give
you that and you can search for that discussion.
Edgar Krentz, New Testament
Lutheran School of Theology at Chicago


text:
Skinny Piggies Best Appetite Suppresent Gummies are Treats You won't Feel Guilty About
Do you like eating tasty food but also would like to slim down? Burning fat is about creating a negative caloric balance which will almost certainly make you hungry constantly.
Fortunately, there's now a product that can change that: Skinny Piggies. What is this and how will it help? First, let's understand what fat loss is.
How Does Weight Loss Work?
Before we talk about what Skinny Piggies best appetite suppresent gummies are, let's understand what is required for weight loss to happen.
If you want to melt fat from your body, you need three things:
- 1) A caloric deficit, that means you burn more calories than you eat
- 2) Good nutrition to make sure you burn only fat and not your muscles
- 3) A plan that is enjoyable, so that you can stick with it for a long period of time.
Sad to say, a large number of weight loss plans skip on one or more of these items. To really see really good success with your regimen, it's essential that you consume fewer calories than you burn off daily. You can do this in one of two ways: increase your energy output through added exercise or lower your food consumption. Doing both is best!
Wait a second! This sounds good, but start cutting calories and sweets cravings will set in, as well as hunger that is hard to ignore. And that's where Skinny Piggies can really help! Skinny Piggies are fun, delightful healthy treats you don't need to feel guilty about! Enjoy the tasty taste of these best appetite suppresent gummies
and let them do their magic.
Ok, exactly what are the gummies doing for you?
- 1) Help in reducing your desire for food
- 2) Help put your body into fat loss mode
How does it work?
The Concept Behind Skinny Piggies
Appetite is primarily controlled by 2 things: caloric intake and the stretch in your stomach. When you eat a meal, your stomach becomes full and the food stretches against the stomach walls. This creates the sensation of being full and you stop eating.
When you ingest a Skinny Piggy 30 minutes preceding your lunch with a big glass of water, it will form a gel, activating stretch receptors in the stomach, letting your brain know you just consumed a lot of food. So that when you eat your meal later, you're already partly full and consume less calories because of it.
It means you can fight appetite and food cravings, hunger, and keep your calories down, all without feeling hungry all the time.
When you eat the Skinny Piggies appetite reducing gummies prior to meals, they will coat your food in a gel, which decreases the release of the carbohydrates you ingest into the blood. This manages to keep your blood sugar levels much more steady and makes sure that your body remains in fat loss mode all day long. It may maybe even help make your gym sessions feel much easier.
What's Different about Skinny Piggies?
The choices for appetite suppressants, diet pills, and fat burners are never ending! The online research to find the optimal one for you could quite possibly take several hours. But, you don't need to look any further because Skinny Piggies are certainly your best choice and here's why:
Skinny Piggies have zero artificial additives - you can actually read and pronounce all the active ingredients. The nourishing, all natural ingredients used in Skinny Piggies also have extra health-related benefits including support for strong hair and nails, glowing skin, and anti-aging properties.
Aside from that, Skinny Piggies contain no stimulants. This is a crucial point because when you consume stimulants, not only are you risking struggling with exhaustion and tiredness afterwards, but it restricts when you can take them. Take a stimulant fat burner too close to bed and sure enough, you won't sleep that night.
With Skinny Piggies, you can eat them day or night-- no problem.
Finally, what other fat loss product is as delicious as a strawberry gummy? 'Thought so.
You will love eating these so remembering to take your health supplement will definitely no longer be a hindrance. They're fun to eat and anyone can begin right off the bat. Try one and they will certainly become a highlight of your day.
So don't think of losing weight as a chore anymore. Instead, give Skinny Piggies weight loss gummies a try and learn how fun and delicious weight loss can be. Put them to the test for 30 days and only then decide if you like them knowing you're protected by 100% money back guarantee. Go to SkinnyPiggies.co
Additional Information about Best Appetite Suppresent Gummies
How Best Appetite Suppresent Gummies work


text:
Read & Run Fitness
Read and Run Fitness is a book and running club that links language learning with exercise, changing how students read, discuss hot topics, make new friends, explore their natural surroundings, and stay fit. Research shows that students learn better if they combine studies with movement and exercise. This is the mission of our dynamic program, which brings socializing, experiential learning, and fitness all together at the same time, under the sky in the great outdoors. Students read inspiring books, stimulate their minds with running, and talk about what they're reading with interesting people that share their passion for exercise, learning, conversation, community building, and the natural world.
University of Pécs


text:
Scotland Land and PropertyEdit This Page
From FamilySearch Wiki
Land records can help you determine where and when your family lived in a specific place. Sometimes these records will be based on inheritance, and such records will often mention two or more generations of a family. In Scotland the land system had feudal roots in which the crown owned all of the land.
Many courts were involved in actions regarding land. Some of the most important courts were:
- Chancery Courts
- Court of Session
- Sheriff Courts
- Burgh Courts
- Commissary Courts
- Regality Courts
In general, there are three types of Scottish land records:
Most of our Scottish ancestors never owned land but rather lived and farmed land belonging to someone else. The Estate owner kept management records of their lands, estates and tenants. Some of these records have survived and reside either in the hands of the current estate owner or are at the National Archives of Scotland (NAS) as a Gift and Depost (GD). Some large estates have their own archives on-sight. The types of papers in an estate could be:
- Rentals or leases called a 'tack'
- Lists of tenants
- Records of tenants who may have been in some trouble
In order to search estate records you need to know who owned the estate. To find this information search these sources available either online or at the FHL:
- Parish histories and gazetteers
- The Old & New Statistical Accounts of Scotland at the FHL and online at Edina.ac.uk
- Findlay, James. Directory of Gentlemen's' Seats, villages, &c. in Scotland… (FHL book Ref 941 E4d; film 599347 item 3; fiche _PHONE_) online at Archives.org
- Register of the Great Seal _PHONE_, 11 vols. (FHL book 941 N2sc): _PHONE_ are available on Ancestry
- Statistics of the annexed estates, _PHONE_: from the records of the forfeited estates preserved in the Scottish Record Office [NAS]. FHL Q book 941 R2sa. Lists tenants on the estates forfeited as a result of the 1745 Rebellion.
- Index of Place Names to the Abridgements of Sasines (see that section)
- Timperley, Loretta R. Directory of Landownership in Scotland circa 1770. (FHL book 941 B4sr n.s. v. 5)
- Return of Owners of Land and Heritages in Scotland 1872-73 (FHL Q book 941 R25i)
- National Register of Archives (searchable online) _URL_
Once the name of the land owner has been determined, search the NAS' catalog for their name or the property name along with references of E,GD or RH. The FHL catalog should also be searched under the county where the property was located and look under the topic of "Land and Property".
Taxes were determined by the value of the land. These records are called 'valuation rolls' and exist sporadically before 1855. The book entitled "Directory of Landownership in Scotland circa 1770" is based in part on the valuation rolls for that year. The FHL has only a few of these records and most are listed in the NAS online catalog with the reference of VR. To learn more about these records go to _URL_
For More Information
For more information about sasine, service of heir, deeds, and other Scottish land and property records, see the following website and books:
National Archives of Scotland Look at the "Guides to Records".
Dobson, David. Scottish-American Heirs _PHONE_. Baltimore, Maryland: Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., 1990. (Family History Librarybook 941 D2d.)
Encyclopedia of the Laws of Scotland. 16 vols and 2 supps. Edinburgh, Scotland: W. Green & Son, Limited, 1926. (Family History Library book 941 P36e.)
Gibb, Andrew Dewar. Students' Glossary of Scottish Legal Terms. Edinburgh, Scotland: W. Green & Son, Ltd., 1946. (Family History Library book 941 P36g.)
Gouldesbrough, Peter. Formulary of Old Scots Legal Documents. Vol. 36. Edinburgh, Scotland: The Stair Society, 1985. (Family History Library book 941 B4st v.36.)
An Introductory Survey of the Sources and Literature of Scots Law. Vol. 1. The Stair Society. Edinburgh, Scotland: Robert Maclehose & Co., Ltd. for The Stair Society, 1936. (Family History Librarybook 941 B4st; film _PHONE_.)
Sinclair, Cecil. Tracing Your Scottish Ancestors: A Guide to Ancestry Research in the Scottish Record Office. Edinburgh, Scotland: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1990. (Family History Library book 941 D27s.)


text:
Which Hospital Patients Need Drugs to Prevent Gastrointestinal Bleeding?
THURSDAY Jan. 10, 2013 -- Researchers have developed a scoring system to help doctors determine which hospital patients can be prescribed stomach acid-suppressing drugs to prevent gastrointestinal bleeding and which patients should not be given such medications.
Gastrointestinal bleeding in hospital patients is rare, but it is dangerous and potentially fatal, according to the study authors.
Although the use of acid suppressants to prevent gastrointestinal bleeding in patients who are not critically ill is not widely recommended, the medications are commonly used for this purpose, said Shoshana Herzig and colleagues at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston.
The study was published online recently in the Journal of General Internal Medicine.
The researchers analyzed data from more than 75,000 hospital patients admitted over three years and found that gastrointestinal bleeding occurred in about 200 of them, according to a journal news release.
Independent risk factors for gastrointestinal bleeding were: being older than 60; being male; having liver disease, acute kidney failure or sepsis; being on a medicine service; taking blood-thinning medication; and having a clotting disorder.
Using this information, the researchers developed a risk-scoring system that helps doctors identify hospital patients who may benefit from being prescribed acid suppressants to prevent gastrointestinal bleeding, as well as patients who do not require the drugs.
Further research is needed to confirm the reliability of the scoring system, the authors noted.
The U.S. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases has more about gastrointestinal bleeding.
Posted: January 2013