text:
NutriRem Boneye Q+ (450g/btl)
Boneye Q+ is mainly formulated with organic soy, organic millet, organic quinoa and isolated soy protein, suitable for all ages, especially for fast growing children. Boneye Q+ is also enriched with effective ingredients to improve eye and brain functions. It also helps to enhance bone growth, especially in children.
- YGF 251 - A compound which is 6 times more effective in stimulating Insulin-like Growth Factor -1 (IGF-1) and other growth hormones. IGF-1 plays an important role in child growth and anabolic effect in adults. YGF-251 enhances the growth of physical height such as increase in bone length and bone density. Testimonials showed that it increases in children's height of 2.7cm to 3.3cm respectively in child of 7 and 10 years of age within 3 months.
- Lutein - Also known as carotenoid. It is usually found in fruits and vegetables and plays an important role in creating a protective layer called macular pigment in human eye. This protective layer acts as the eye's natural defense against blue light damage. Lutein is clinically proven to reduce the risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
- GABA - an amino acid found in natural food such as rice, tea, vegetable, fruits and fermented food. It is naturally produced through fermentation of lactobacillus probiotics. It helps to maintain our mental balance, promoting mental focus and clarity, reducing stress, tension, anxiety and gives us a better quality of sleep.
- Lalmin® - a dried unique yeast-based health ingredient formulated to protect the body thanks to the complementary immune and antioxidative properties of its components. It elevates the level of natural vitamin D2 which is essential for normal immune function. Besides, Lalmin® keeps the immune system not to be over-stimulated, promoting a quick responses to infection and fast recovery from cold or infection.
Organic Soy Powder, Organic Millet Powder, Organic Quinoa Powder, Soy Protein Isolate Powder, Inulin, Probiotic, Algae DHA, Young Growth Factor (YGF-251), Lutein, γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA), Selenium, Vitamin D, Lalmin® Immune, Yeast β-Glucan, Vanilla, Fructose
- Growing children and adolescents
- Fitness or athlete
- Those who want to improve their vision
Gradually add 2 scoops (~50g) into 200ml of warm water while stirring and mix until dissolves. Take 2 servings per day
Expiry Date 3/2024


text:
As Mexican President Felipe Calderón prepares to leave office Saturday, researchers are bringing into focus the dimensions of his bleakest legacy.
In the last year, researchers, reporters and government agencies have published data on the wave of violence that shocked and wounded the country. The results correct misperceptions about the violence unleashed when Calderón sent military and police forces into battle against organized-crime groups, and add nuance to the disturbing picture.
Among the key statistics:
- There have been around 100,000 murders in Mexico since the beginning of the Calderón administration in December 2006, likely more during that time than in the United States, which has nearly three times the population.
- Mexicans have reported 6,000 cases of people disappearing at the hands of soldiers, police or other authorities.
- At least 24,000 murdered people have been buried in paupers' graves without being positively identified.
"As Felipe Calderón's term ends, we're all trying to answer several questions: How many people died? How many people disappeared? How far did the violence extend around the country?" said Víctor Hugo Michel, a reporter for Milenio newspaper in Mexico City, in a Spanish-language email.
The obstacles to researching crime in Mexico make the progress in measuring the wave of violence there all the more remarkable.
"There's no uniform system of reporting, state to state, or city to city in any given state," said Molly Molloy, a researcher at New Mexico State University in Las Cruces, who has worked to measure homicides in Mexico.
ciudad juarez number
Molloy is confident about the accuracy of her estimate of homicides in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, the city of about 1.3 million people south of El Paso that has been the epicenter of Mexican violence. The number: About 11,000 during Calderon's time in office.
This summer, Molloy turned her research to the country as a whole. Using figures from a variety of official sources not usually cited in measures of violence, she estimated in July that the number of murders during Calderón's term up to that point was at least 99,667.
That figure is significantly higher than the range usually discussed for murders in Mexico - 50,000-60,000. That estimate refers to killings related to organized crime, a figure put out by the office of Mexico's president, and covering the period through September 2011.
The president's office has decided not to publish any more of those figures because the criteria are flawed.
Molloy agrees the criteria for measuring organized-crime deaths are arbitrary, and in the end the figure is misleading.
"Just because someone was shot with an AK-47 doesn't mean it was a drug-related homicide," she said. She goes on: "It doesn't matter if they're drug related or not. They're all part of Mexico's social disintegration."
But some argue that the count of organized-crime deaths does matter, even if the figures are flawed. The president's office should continue to release those numbers, said Eric Olson, associate director of the Mexico Institute at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in Washington, D.C.
"The answer to that is more transparency, more openness," Olson said. "Let researchers, newspapers, academics and scholars look at it in more detail to try to figure it out."
Mexican reporters have also done pioneering research on the violence, thanks in part to new transparency laws that allow access to government information. The newspaper Milenio published an investigation Oct. 28 on a category of deaths not previously compiled - the "NNs."
NN stands for "Ningún Nombre," the phrase that funeral homes, medical examiners and other officials use to refer to people buried without being identified. By making hundreds of requests under this new public-records law, Milenio reporter Michel was able to come up with a conservative figure for the number of unidentified murder victims buried during Calderón's term: 24,102.
"That doesn't include complete records from Mexico's most violent states, such as Guerrero, Michoacán, Sinaloa and Tamaulipas," he wrote.
The idea for the investigation came to Michel in 2009 when he was in Tijuana, at a mass grave for victims of the narco-war that was tearing the city apart at the time, he wrote. A woman was at the graveside and said, "I know my brother's in there somewhere."
Michel views his work as incomplete.
"I want to complete the atlas of unidentified people with the data from other states and cities that didn't answer in the first round," he said in the email. "For example, I've begun to compile the data from Sinaloa and Tamaulipas, which I can publish later. That's the next step."
Those buried without being identified undoubtedly fit into another category that researchers have probed - the missing. Mexico's Human Rights Commission has estimated the number of disappeared people at 24,000 between 2000 and mid-2012.
"The truth of the matter is, everybody has sort of known and assumed that there is some unknown quantity of disappeared (people), bodies that are buried or destroyed, thrown into a mass grave," said Olson of the Mexico Institute. "Nobody's tried until very recently to quantify it."
Among the disappeared are more than 6,000 open cases reported to the human-rights commission of people apparently taken by government forces or their agents, Contralínea newspaper reported. Raúl Plascencia Villanueva, president of the commission, told the Mexico City weekly that among those possibly responsible for those cases are government agents, criminals, or criminals acting with the consent of government agents.
The root of the problem, Plascencia told Contralínea, was "the decision to involve the armed forces in public-safety work, without preparing them, without constitutional authority, without having an adequate legal framework."
On StarNet: View more photos with this story at _URL_
"Just because someone was shot with an AK-47 doesn't mean it was a drug-related homicide. It doesn't matter if they're drug related or not. They're all part of Mexico's social disintegration."
Molly Molloy, a researcher at New Mexico State University in Las Cruces
By the numbers
Here are some numbers Mexican President Felipe Calderón won't be touting as he leaves office this week.
estimated number of murders in Mexico since Calderón took office in December 2006
People reported as disappeared at the hands of soldiers, police and other authorities
Murder victims who have been buried, unidentified, in paupers' graves
Contact reporter Tim Steller at _PHONE_ or _EMAIL_

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Reluctance by Robert Frost
"Reluctance" is a poem written by Robert Frost. The first three stanzas of the poem give the impression that this is a simple poem about nature. However, upon further reading the reader finds that the poem is, in fact, about lost love. The snow is symbolic of the man's pain and suffering. The leaves are symbolic of hope. This is one of the many poems of Frost's that use nature in this way.
This poem is written in four stanzas with six lines in each. It is rhymed as ABCBDB.
Reluctance Out through the fields and the woods And over the walls I have wended; I have climbed the hills of view And looked at the world, and descended; I have come by the highway home, And lo, it is ended. The leaves are all dead on the ground, Save those that the oak is keeping To ravel them one by one And let them go scraping and creeping Out over the crusted snow, When others are sleeping. And the dead leaves lie huddled and still, No longer blown hither and thither; The last lone aster is gone; The flowers of the witch hazel wither; The heart is still aching to seek, But the feet question "Whither?" Ah, when to the heart of man Was it ever less than a treason To go with the drift of things, To yield with a grace to reason, And bow and accept the end Of a love or a season?
Next: The Road Not Taken
Find out more information about this poem and read others like it.
Nature, Relationship, Snow, Lost Love, Sadness, Pain


Mobl – Build Your Mobile Web Applications Faster Than Ever Before
mobl is a free and open-source language specially designed to speed up building mobile web applications using Modern HTML5 web technology. With Mobl, Developers can quickly develop native-feeling web apps in a jiff.
mobl mobile framework
It has a simple JavaScript-like syntax which minimizes the learning curve. It runs as a plugin under the free-to-use Eclipse IDE (such as as-you-type error reporting, code completion, and reference resolving).
Features of mobl
 1. Compiler generates static JavaScript and HTML files, ready to be deployed to any web host and to be cached on the device, to enable offline web applications.
 2. Easy access to existing "native" JavaScript libraries and widgets.
 3. Declarative concise DSL for defining data models. Data is stored on the mobile device. No server back-end required.
 4. Declarative domain-specific language (DSL) for defining user interfaces.
 5. Scripting language syntax similar to JavaScript.
 7. Generates 100% client-side HTML5-based mobile web applications.
 8. mobl applications can communicate with Ruby on Rails, Django, PHP or any other server-side technology. So no more dependency on server side technology.
 9. Applications run on modern Webkit-based browsers, including iOS (iPhone, iPad), Android (2.0+), WebOS, Safari and Chrome.
 10. Integrates all aspects of a mobile web application into a single language: data modeling, user interfaces, application logic, styling and web services.
 11. No more SQL: mobl transparently handles all database access, it automatically creates the database schema and automatically manages object persistence.
 12. Queries are performed using mobl's statically checked query language. No more SQL queries embedded in strings.
 13. Easy to Create custom reusable control libraries.
 14. Fall back to HTML and jQuery, if necessary.
 15. Synchronous coding style, compiled to efficient, asynchronous JavaScript code.
 16. Access web service through AJAX through a synchronous-looking interface.
 17. Specify RESTful web service interfaces declaratively.
Download : mobl
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text:
- class docarray.array.mixins.evaluation.EvaluationMixin#
A mixin that provides ranking evaluation functionality to DocumentArrayLike objects
- evaluate(other, metric, hash_fn=None, metric_name=None, strict=True, **kwargs)#
Compute ranking evaluation metrics for a given DocumentArray when compared with a groundtruth.
This implementation expects to provide a groundtruth DocumentArray that is structurally identical to self. It is based on comparing the matches of documents inside the 'DocumentArray.
This method will fill the evaluations field of Documents inside this DocumentArray and will return the average of the computations
other (DocumentArray) – The groundtruth DocumentArray' that the DocumentArray compares to.
float]]) – The name of the metric, or multiple metrics to be computed
str]]) – The function used for identifying the uniqueness of Documents. If not given, then
str]) – If provided, the results of the metrics computation will be stored in the evaluations field of each Document. If not provided, the name will be computed based on the metrics name.
bool) – If set, then left and right sides are required to be fully aligned: on the length, and on the semantic of length. These are preventing you to evaluate on irrelevant matches accidentally.
kwargs – Additional keyword arguments to be passed to metric_fn
- Return type
The average evaluation computed or a list of them if multiple metrics are required

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Exiting the program.
Defines the exit codes that a program can return.
indicates successful termination;
indicates program failure with an exit code. The exact interpretation of the code is operating-system dependent. In particular, some values may be prohibited (e.g. 0 on a POSIX-compliant system).
On program termination, the standard
stderr are flushed automatically; any other buffered
need to be flushed manually, otherwise the buffered data will be
A program that fails in any other way is treated as if it had
A program that terminates successfully without calling
explicitly is treated as it it had called
ExitCode is not an
the error handling in the
IO monad and cannot be intercepted by
catch from the Prelude. However it is a
SomeException, and can
be caught using the functions of Control.Exception. This means
that cleanup computations added with
(from Control.Exception) are also executed properly on
Note: in GHC,
exitWith should be called from the main program
thread in order to exit the process. When called from another
exitWith will throw an
ExitException as normal, but the
exception will not cause the process itself to exit.


text:
The 1314 Windows PC Software Tool provides comprehensive and intuitive PC based programming, monitoring and system diagnostics for all Curtis programmable motor speed controllers and control systems.
The 1314 Windows PC Software Tool is intended for use by vehicle OEMs, dealers, and service engineers. It provides a powerful Windows interface for adjusting settings, troubleshooting, and recording the parameters of any Curtis speed controller or auxiliary device.
- View and adjust controller programmable parameters.
- Real-time monitoring of system variables such as voltage, temperature, and current.
- Saves all data – parameter values, monitor values, history logs etc., in a single file.
- Edit, rename, export or print files online or offline.
- Clone data between controllers.
- View active fault codes and system timers.
- View and clear controller fault history log.
- Online help and automatic update function (with active internet connection).
The minimum requirements for the PC Hardware are:
- Processor Pentium III 833MHz
- Windows® XP/Vista/7
- 512MB memory (1024 recommended)
- USB port


text:
ANZAC Day is one of Australia's most important national holidays. April 25th is the anniversary of the first major battle fought by Australia and New Zealand during World War I. They celebrate it just like we celebrate Veterans and Remembrance Day.
A Brief History
ANZAC stands for Australian and New Zealand Army Corps. The soldiers who fought for these countries were known as ANZACs. A year after World War I broke out, the ANZACs set out to capture the Gallipoli Peninsula in Turkey so Allied navies could get to the Black Sea. When they landed at Gallipoli on April 25th, the Allies couldn't defeat the Turkish who were defending the area. For eight months the two groups battled it out. By the end of 1915, both sides in the war had suffered thousands of casualties and the Allies withdrew from Gallipoli.
How It's Observed
Services are held at dawn, which is the same time the ANZACs landed in Turkey. Later in the day, men and women who served in different wars march throughout cities and towns and ceremonies are held at war memorials around the two countries.
Did U Know?
- What some people don't know is that all the men who fought during the eight-month battle at Gallipoli, including the 8,000 who died, were all volunteers. In other countries, soldiers were drafted (there was a mandatory sign-up) to fight in the war.
- ANZAC Day is also observed in the Cook Islands, Samoa and Tonga.
- There is a city called Gallipoli within the Gallipoli Peninsula but visitors to the area often stay in other towns close by like the ancient city of Troy.
- The last-known Australian surivor of the Battle of Gallipoli, Alec Campbell, died in May 2002.


It is safe to say, that the ceiling is the culmination of the interior decoration of any accommodation. Not so long ago the problem of adjusting the ceiling surface irregularities was insoluble. But now it is very easy to amend such situation.
Drop ceilings are ceiling constructions, whose strength members are fastened directly to the basic ceiling. This is the main difference between a drop and suspended ceiling (whose strength members are fastened to the basic construction). This peculiarity of the drop ceiling allows diminishing floor-to-ceiling height only by the thickness of its frame. According to the materials, used in the construction of the drop ceilings system, they are divided into two groups:
 1. gypsum panel ceilings
 2. finishing decorative panel ceilings (wood particleboard, fiberboard, medium density fiberboard, etc.)
The most popular materials for making drop ceilings are:
 1. Expanded polystyrene plates. This material is heatand soundinsulating and moisture-proof. It creates a comfortable microclimate in any accommodation.
 2. Decorative plates from wood particleboard and fiberboard, covered with natural wood veneer.
 3. Plastic panels. Such panels have no disadvantages: they are light, firm, waterproof and stylish designed.
 4. Gypsum cardboard panels. Gypsum cardboard is the most common material for making drop ceilings. It is extremely heatand soundinsulating.


National Aviation Day
Today is National Aviation Day!
National Aviation Day was first celebrated in 1939 to recognise the achievements and developments in the aviation industry. Today, the day represents much more with the vast developments, software and technology that is available to now enhance the aviation industry in a magnitude of ways.
Schools often take the opportunity to host school trips and activities that recognise aviation pioneers and historic achievements.
Over the years, Pennant has been involved in projects such as Tornado, Sea king, Hawk and Lynx, and recognises the achievements from its global workforce. Through modern technology and innovation, Pennant continues to support and offer solutions to the aviation industry, providing safe, reliable training and product support.


text:
Taissumani, Jan. 17
Who Were the Kinipetu?
Whaling and early anthropological literature abounds with references to a group of Inuit called the Kinipetu. The word was used by whalers, explorers, some anthropologists, and early policemen. As is often the case with early renditions of Inuit terms, it was spelled in various ways.
But in fact there was never any such tribal designation as Kinipetu. It refers to a group that does not, and never did, exist by that name. The word comes to us as a misunderstanding, but one that was repeated a number of times.
The people called Kinipetu were in fact a group of Inuit called the Qairnirmiut, people who traditionally lived between Baker Lake and the seacoast near Chesterfield Inlet.
In his anthropological classic, The Central Eskimo, published in 1888, Franz Boas referred to these Inuit as the Kinipetu or Agutit.
He gave no explanation of the latter term and it did not appear again in his writings. Another writer in 1910 wrote, "The people here are called by the rest, Kinnepetu, which may be Englished [sic] 'Damp Place People'."
So how did this misunderstanding come about? And what did early white visitors to the Kivalliq region think it meant?
As is often the case, an explanation comes to us from the ethnographer and explorer Knud Rasmussen.
During his travels in the region in the early 1920s, he met an old man, Auruattiaq, who provided an explanation for the term, which Rasmussen paraphrased as follows:
"One summer at Marble Island his mother had been on board a whaling ship, and her clothing was wet. The rain was pouring down, and she had pointed to her clothing, which was dripping wet, saying: 'kinipatoot': 'See how wet they are'; she had said this in order that she might be allowed to dry them at the white men's stove, but the word, which no one understood, has since been taken to be the name of her tribe, and this is why all white men call the Qaernermiut the Kinipetu."
Rasmussen noted that the Qairnirmiut (his spelling was Qaernermiut) were formerly inland dwellers who had modified their settlement patterns to benefit from proximity to the whalers on the west coast of Hudson Bay, in the process becoming "skilful sailors in whale boats."
He observed also that they were "famous for their great skill at treating caribou skins and for the beautiful and festively trimmed clothing they nearly always wear."
The word kinipavoq appears in the "List of Words" that Rasmussen included in his well-known Fifth Thule Expedition reports. The meaning is given as "is soaked through."
He gives its Greenlandic equivalent as qauserpoq, which is also its equivalent in Baffin Island. "It is this word that, owing to a misunderstanding, has given the Qaernermiut the name of Kinepetu," Rasmussen concludes.
The well-known whaler, Captain George Comer, who spent many years among the Inuit near Repulse Bay, called these Inuit the Kenepetu, but also referred to them by a wildly inaccurate spelling of their correct name —Kiackennuckmiut. Boas, writing again about the Inuit in 1901, and having learned from Comer, called them Kinipetu, but noted that "their proper name is Kiaknukmiut."
Rasmussen's colleague, Kaj Birket-Smith, noted that Inuit themselves never used the term. It was used only by white men.
He ridiculed the Canadian explorer, A. P. Low, saying, "Low calls them Kenipitumiut, which is pure nonsense, as the suffix [-mio] presupposes a local designation," and suggested that the term should be "expunged from scientific terminology," and replaced with Qaernermiut. He glosses the meaning of that term as "the dwellers of the flat land."
Perhaps the last word on this peculiar term should go to the Inuit. In 1994, Dorothy Harley Eber, a writer to whom northerners owe a large debt of gratitude for her writings on Inuit in the whaling era, published an article, "A Feminine Focus on the Last Frontier," about the Inuit photographs taken by Geraldine Moodie in 1903 and 1904.
She recounted a 1987 visit to Joan Attuat, a respected elder in Baker Lake, who had been born at Cape Fullerton:
"According to Attuat, it was the womenfolk of her family who were responsible for her people becoming known as the Kenepetu. Her grandmother Kookoo, and probably her great-grandmother Silu with her daughters, were out fishing. Hearing music, the women went aboard a whaling ship. 'It was raining, and Kookoo was wet, and somebody called her over and said, 'Come over here and dance with me,' but she had a knapsack she was taking off and said, 'Oh, just a minute! Kenepetu! I'm all wet.' They nicknamed her Kenepetu and that way they all became Kenepetu.'"


How much will it cost? / How do I calculate a payback?
The cost of residential wind turbines vary depending on how much power they can produce and other factors. A rough range is $4,000 to $8,000 per rated kilowatt. A system that would offset most of an average home's electricity use (10,000 kwh/year) will cost roughly $50,000 before incentives.
***Residential wind systems cost between "$3,200 to $5,500 for every kilowatt of generating capacity." For a 3 to 10kW system the installation costs average around $14,000 to $48,000.(If you are an electrician and have a team to help.)
How do I calculate a payback?
Determine the amount you pay on electricity bills before you install your system. If your system offsets all your electricity, you can divide its cost by the annual bill to determine how many years it will take to pay off. If you are only offsetting part of your use, you need to adjust the calculation accordingly.
Windustry offers a wind energy payback period worksheet that goes into more detail, and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory has a calculator and a paper on the economics of grid-tied small wind.


text:
The BPM Guide: Accelerating Digital Transformation
What is BPM? How do I know it can address my challenges? Where do I start? Get the answers to these questions, and more, with the BPM Guide!
A business process is a collection of interrelated, structured activities that ultimately result in an end-product or service for a particular end-user. Keeping track of the intricacies involved in relating every single management, supporting, and operational process to one another for process improvement can often be slow and reliant on trial and error – unless process modeling software is used. Taking after the same concept in scientific modeling used for weather, business process modeling makes use of economic laws instead of physics and chemistry.
In the same way that scientific modeling uses empirical data to create models, in business, modeling software uses available resources like manpower, machinery, and storage space, among others. The efficiency of the model is then used to determine whether a change in resources results in a process improvement or not. It can be used to look for existing bottle necks and to optimize business processes.
The Appian Process Modeler is just one component of the Appian Esoftware suite. Visit Appian.com to learn more.


text:
and hand-made works of art in locally owned shops; as well, many open up their beautiful homes to visitors for inexpensive accommodations. And even some of the old mines once worked day in and day out by residents are now open to the public. As well, the fishing industry has long been associated with the history of the Lake District; today visitors will find some of the best cooked seafood in the entire country of England available in the Lake District; favorites like fresh trout, salmon, and brown shrimp are often featured specials throughout the area.
For more information on the History of the Lake District; you may want to visit one or more of the various museums in the region. There are currently museums that give a general account and history of the Lake District; as well, there are museums that feature historical references to the Lake District; for examplethere is a railway museum featuring the railroad history of the Lake District, an aviation museum featuring the aviation history of the Lake District, museums dedicated to the mining communities of the Lake District and even a steamer museum dedicated to the maritime history of the Lake District. As well, there are several museums that have references to the literary history of the Lake District.
The history of the Lake District has long been studied by school-age children in England; and with great hopemost will probably at one time or another journey to the Lake District. Its historical relevance coupled with its natural beauty makes it a wonderful place to spend a holiday. Most of those that set foot in the area at one time or another will find themselves drawn back time after time. Today, the Lake District maintains its magic; of course it's a little more crowded than it was 10,000 years agobut it's a wonderful sight to see.


text:
The American Heritage® Student Dictionary
by Editors of the American Heritage® Dictionaries
parts of speech labels
clear, accurate definitions
biographical and geographical notes
notes on usage, word history, and more
example phrases and definitions
dingo (dng'go) n., pl. dingoes A wild dog of Australia, having a yellowish-brown coat and resembling a wolf.
laser (la'zr) n. A device that emits a very narrow and intense beam of light or other radiation of a single wavelength either continuously or in pulses. Its light is used to cut hard substances, remove diseased tissue, and transmit communications signals.


text:
Demographic effects of extreme weather events: snow storms, breeding success, and population growth rate in a long-lived Antarctic seabird
AuthorDescamps, Sebastian; Tarroux, Arnaud; Varpe, Øystein; Yoccoz, Nigel Gilles; Tveraa, Torkild; Lorentsen, Svein-Håkon
Weather extremes are one important element of ongoing climate change, but their impacts are poorly understood because they are, by definition, rare events. If the frequency and severity of extreme weather events increase, there is an urgent need to understand and predict the ecological consequences of such events. In this study, we aimed to quantify the effects of snow storms on nest survival in Antarctic petrels and assess whether snow storms are an important driver of annual breeding success and population growth rate. We used detailed data on daily individual nest survival in a year with frequent and heavy snow storms, and long term data on petrel productivity (i.e., number of chicks produced)at the colony level. Our results indicated that snow storms are an important determinant of nest survival and overall productivity. Snow storm events explained 30% of the daily nest survival within the 2011/2012 season and nearly 30% of the interannual variation in colony productivity in period 1985–2014. Snow storms are a key driver of Antarctic petrelbreeding success, and potentially population dynamics. We also found state dependent effects of snow storms and chicks in poor condition were more likely to die during a snow storm than chicks in good condition. This stresses the importance of considering interactions between individual heterogeneity and extreme weather events to understand both individual and population responses to climate change. Antarctic petrel, body condition, extreme event, individual state, offspring survival, Thalassoica antarctica.
PublisherWiley Open Access
CitationEcology and Evolution, Early View (Online Version of Record published before inclusion in an issue).
MetadataShow full item record
The following license file are associated with this item:


Open colormap editor
colormapeditor displays the current figure's colormap as a strip of rectangular cells in the colormap editor. Node pointers are colored cells below the colormap strip that indicate points in the colormap where the rate of the variation of R, G, and B values changes. You can also work in the HSV colorspace by setting the Interpolating Colorspace selector to HSV.
You can also start the colormap editor by selecting Colormap from the Edit menu.
Node Pointer Operations
You can select and move node pointers to change a range of colors in the colormap. The color of a node pointer remains constant as you move it, but the colormap changes by linearly interpolating the RGB values between nodes.
Change the color at a node by double-clicking the node pointer. A color picker box appears, from which you can select a new color. After you select a new color at a node, the colors between nodes are reinterpolated.
You can select a different color map using the Standard Colormaps submenu of the GUI Tools menu. The Plotting Tools Property Editor has a dropdown menu that also lets you select from standard colormaps, but does not help you to modify a colormap.
How to Perform
Select a built-in colormap
Tools > Standard Colormaps
Add a node
Click below the corresponding cell in the colormap strip.
Select a node
Left-click the node.
Select multiple nodes
Adjacent: left-click first node, Shift+click the last node.
Nonadjacent: left-click first node, Ctrl+click subsequent nodes.
Move a node
Select and drag with the mouse or select and use the left and right arrow keys.
Move multiple nodes
Select multiple nodes and use the left and right arrow keys to move nodes as a group. Movement stops when one of the selected nodes hits an unselected node or an end node.
Delete a node
Select the node and then press the Delete key, or select Delete from the Edit menu, or type Ctrl+x.
Delete multiple nodes
Select the nodes and then press the Delete key, or select Delete from the Edit menu, or type Ctrl+x.
Display color picker for a node
Double-click the node pointer.
Current Color Info
When you put the mouse over a color cell or node pointer, the colormap editor displays the following information about that colormap element:
 - The element's index in the colormap
 - The value from the graphics object color data that is mapped to the node's color (i.e., data from the CData property of any image, patch, or surface objects in the figure)
 - The color's RGB and HSV color value
Interpolating Colorspace
The colorspace determines what values are used to calculate the colors of cells between nodes. For example, in the RGB colorspace, internode colors are calculated by linearly interpolating the red, green, and blue intensity values from one node to the next. Switching to the HSV colorspace causes the colormap editor to recalculate the colors between nodes using the hue, saturation, and value components of the color definition.
Note that when you switch from one colorspace to another, the color editor preserves the number, color, and location of the node pointers, which can cause the colormap to change.
Interpolating in HSV. Since hue is conceptually mapped about a color circle, the interpolation between hue values can be ambiguous. To minimize this ambiguity, the interpolation uses the shortest distance around the circle. For example, interpolating between two nodes, one with hue of 2 (slightly orange red) and another with a hue of 356 (slightly magenta red), does not result in hues 3,4,5...353,354,355 (orange/red-yellow-green-cyan-blue-magenta/red). Taking the shortest distance around the circle gives 357,358,1,2 (orange/red-red-magenta/red).
Color Data Min and Max
The Color Data Min and Color Data Max text fields enable you to specify values for the axes CLim property. These values change the mapping of object color data (the CData property of images, patches, and surfaces) to the colormap.
This example modifies a default MATLAB® colormap so that ranges of data values are displayed in specific ranges of color. The graph is a slice plane illustrating a cross section of fluid flow through a jet nozzle. See the slice reference page for more information on this type of graph.
Enhance Colormap
This example modifies a default MATLAB colormap so that ranges of data values are displayed more prominently.
Create a slice plane for the flow dataset:
[x,y,z,v] = flow;
hz = slice(x,y,z,v,[],[],0);
hz.EdgeColor = 'none';
hz.FaceColor = 'interp';
Start the colormap editor:
To reveal more information about the flow data, create more color variation in the region of interest. Add the color red for the largest color data value and blend it with the yellow and orange colors:
The new colormap reveals more of the flow data variation in the higher data values:
Saving the Modified Colormap
You can save the modified colormap using the colormap function or the figure Colormap property.
After you have applied your changes, save the current figure colormap in a variable:
mycmap = get(fig,'Colormap');
To use this colormap in another figure, set that figure's Colormap property:
To save your modified colormap in a MAT-file, use the save command to save the mycmap workspace variable:
To use your saved colormap in another MATLAB session, load the variable into the workspace and assign the colormap to the figure:
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let $K$ be a field, $n \geq 1$. denote $E_{i,j}$ the elementary matrix having $1$ on the diagonale and in the entry $(i,j)$, and $E_i(a)$ the elementary matrix $diag(1,...,a,...,1)$. you know that $GL_n(K)$ is generated by these matrices, but what relations do we need in order to get a presentation for $GL_n(K)$?
here are some relations, which correspond to simple relations about row operations:
 - $E_i(1)=1$
 - $E_i(ab) = E_i(a) E_i(b)$
 - $E_i(a) E_j(b) = E_j(b) E_i(a)$
 - $(E_j(-1) E_{ij})^2=1$
 - $E_j(a+b)^{-1} E_{ij} E_j(a+b) = E_j(a)^{-1} E_{ij} E_j(b) E_i(a)^{-1} E_{ij} E_j(a)$
 - $ (E_{ji} E_{ij} E_{ji} E_j(-1))^2=1$
are these all relations? how can we prove that?
EDIT: Mariano has given a counterexample when $K = \mathbb{F}_2$. well, how can we fix this? add more relations? incorporate the structure of $K$ as a ring? what about concrete examples such as $K=\mathbb{Q}$?
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One way of getting a presentation for a Lie group is exponentiating a presentation from the Lie algebra. For the Lie algebra, the presentation will not be hard to do (just take the Cartan subalgebra, $e_{i,i+1}$, and $e_{i+1,i}$), and you can work out the relations for them. It is not necessary to use the matrices corresponding to all $(i,j)$-s - that might overcomplicate things. – Vinoth Dec 30 '09 at 12:10
It seems to me that this should be a presentation of the simply connected form of the Lie group. But GL_2(R) is not simply connected: the universal cover is basically the metaplectic group. I could imagine much worse things could happen with nonarchimedean fields, but I don't know. – David Speyer Dec 30 '09 at 21:40
Heh. Is $\mathbb F_2$ not concrete? :) – Mariano Suárez-Alvarez Jan 4 '10 at 2:04
can you give a presentation for $GL_n(\mathbb{F}_2)$? – Martin Brandenburg Jan 4 '10 at 9:42
See Steinberg, Lectures on Chevalley groups. For $n=2$ extra relations are needed. This is related to David's comment. – Victor Protsak Jun 6 '10 at 6:03
4 Answers 4
This is a sideways answer.
Let $E_{ij}(a)=I+a E_{ij}$, for $i\neq j$ and $a\in A$.These matrices generate the conmutator subgroup $$E(n, A)=[\mathrm{GL}(n, A),\mathrm{GL}(n, A)]\subseteq\mathrm{GL}(n, A).$$ One can easily check that the obvious relations satisfied by these elements are $$E_{ij}(a)E_{ij}(b)=E_{ij}(a+b),$$ $$[E_{ij}(a),E_{jk}(a)]=E_{ik}(a) \mbox{ if $i\neq k$,}$$ $$[E_{ij}(a),E_{kl}(b)]=1 \mbox{ if $i\neq l$ and $j\neq k$.}$$ Yet the group presented by generators and this relations is not $E(n,A)$, but what we call the $*n$-th unstable Steinberg group* $\mathrm{St}(n, A)$ of $A$. In general, this is larger than (precisely, an extension of) $E(n,A)$.
(NB: The following paragraph has been edited to make it match reality. Thanks to Allen for pointing the mistake in the comment bellow)
This is seen, for example, because the map $\mathrm{St}(n, A)\to E(n,A)$ has a non-trivial kernel. Indeed, after passing to the direct limit as $n$ goes to infinity, the kernel of that map is precisely the second algebraic $K$-theory group of $A$, $K_2(A)$. Milnor shows in his book that $K_2(\mathbb{R})$ is uncountable, and describes $K_2(\mathbb Q)$ (he also shows that $K_2(\mathbb Z)$ is cyclic of order two, so this can be done for rings that are not fields too...)
A nice reference for all this is Jonathan Rosenberger's Algebraic $K$-theory and its applications, and there is John Milnor's Introduction to algebraic $K$-theory, which is also extremely nice.
A short intuitive description for $K_2(A)$ is: it measures how much more information is there in the elementary matrices of a ring which does not follow formally from the Steinberg relations.
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The kernel of the stabilized map $St(\infty,A)\to E(\infty,A)$ is $K_2(A)$, not $K_3(A)$. Milnor showed that $K_2(\mathbb Z)$ is cyclic of order 2. – Allen Hatcher Dec 30 '09 at 16:37
Suppose $R=\mathbb F_2$ is the field with two elements and $n=2$. Then we need not consider the matrices $E_i(a)$, for the only possible $a$ is $1$, so your group is generated by $\alpha=E_{12}$ and $\beta=E_{21}$. Your fourth relation implies that $$\alpha^2=\beta^2=1.$$ Your fifth equation is empty in this case (for it is only meaningful for when $a$ and $b$ are non-zero elements of the field which add up to a non-zero element of the field!) Finally, your sixth relation in this case tells us that $(\alpha\beta\alpha)^2=(\beta\alpha\beta)^2=1$, but these two equalities follow from the previous equation.
We thus see that the group generated by the $E_i(a)$'s and the $E_{ij}$ subject to your relations is, in this case, $$\langle\alpha,\beta:\alpha^2=\beta^2=1\rangle.$$ This is an infinite group, so it is not $\mathrm{GL}(2,\mathbb F_2)$.
Exactly the same reasoning shows that the same happens for all $n\geq 2$: you get free products of cyclic groups of order $2$.
NB: It wouldn't be the first time that $\mathbb F_2$ behaves differently from other fields... I doubt that is the case, and surely someone with enough determination will be able to use GAP to check whether the group given by your generators and relations is or not $\mathrm{GL}$, at least for other small fields...
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I suggest you give Mariano a check mark. MathOverflow does not function properly when you change a question substantially after it has been correctly answered.
Regarding your revised question, we can fix the presentation by throwing it away and using Steinberg's presentation, which works without problems. I couldn't find an online copy of his paper, but this 1971 article describes how to present the R-points of any semisimple simply connected Chevalley-Demazure group, for R any commutative ring.
I have heard that the presentation in the case of the general linear group is due to Schur, but I don't know a reference.
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You might want to look at Cohn's paper "On the structure of the ${\rm GL}_{2}$ of a ring", MR0207856.
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Your Answer


text:
Father David Beauregard has more evidence in his new book than you could shake a speare at.
Father Beauregard claims that the theological content of the bard's plays is overwhelmingly Catholic. Take the following examples from Father Beauregard's Catholic Theology in Shakespeare's Plays (University of Delaware Press):
- Anglican clergyman, the 17th-century cleric Richard Davies, wrote that the great playwright "died a Papist."
- "Catholic Theology in Shakespeare's Plays" (University of Delaware Press), that Shakespeare was Catholic.
- The ghost of Hamlet's murdered father tells his son that he is in purgatory, a Catholic concept.
- Isabella, a novice nun in "Measure for Measure," is a model of virtue, a break with Protestant dramatists who depicted Catholic religious as sinners, said Beauregard. (It's telling, he adds, that Shakespeare made Isabella a novice; an earlier play on which "Measure for Measure" was partly based portrayed Isabella as a secular woman.)
- In "All's Well That Ends Well," Helena cures the sick king, attributing her success to "inspired merit" - not something a Protestant would say.
- Prospero commends prayer for the dead when he bids the audience farewell in the epilogue of "The Tempest," - "And my ending is despair/Unless I be reliev'd by prayer."
Read more in "Scholar sees a Catholic in the Bard" by Rich Barrow at the Boston Globe.
Hat tip to my colleague Klemens Raab.


text:
on the
system from the header box.
As soon as the expansion tank is filled with
salt water, the salt water comes up to the four-valve manifold through valve D into the compensating water line, and thence into the bottom
of No. 4 FBT. As soon as No. 4 FBT is empty
of fuel, salt water rises into the fuel oil transfer
line and then into the bottom of the collecting
tank. This is a positive indication that the No.
4 FBT has no more fuel in it. In order to tell
when the salt water reaches the collecting tank,
a liquidometer age which reads directly the
amount of fuel in the tank is placed on the collecting tank. As soon as this gage reads less than
completely filled, it is evident (in this case) that
No. 4 FBT has no more fuel. No. 4 FBT is then
secured on the fuel transfer line and another fuel
tank is placed on service. The small amount of
water may be left in the bottom of the collecting
tank, as fuel oil that comes into the tank will
rise through the water to the top of the tank.
The water normally is left in the bottom of the
collecting tank until the ship is refueled. At that
time the water is withdrawn by pumping it out
with the drain pump through the drain line to
the bottom of the collecting tank.
5B6. Blowing and venting of fuel tanks.
Each side of each tank is provided with blow
connections which connect to the ship's low-pressure 225-pound air line. In an emergency or
to effect repairs, it is often necessary to blow a
fuel tank completely clear of all liquids. This is
done by closing the tank's stop valves to the
fuel oil transfer line and blowing the fuel or
water over the side or to another tank (through
the compensating water line).
The air line from the blow valve to the
tank also has a connection to permit venting of
the tank if some air has accumulated in its top
or if it is desired to fill a completely empty tank
with oil or water. All fuel tanks are equipped
with either liquidometer gages or sampling
cocks. These sampling cocks are used to take
samples of liquid at various fixed levels in the,
tank in order to ascertain approximately the
amount of fuel in the tank. The liquidometer
gages are adjusted so as to read directly the
number of gallons of fuel in the tank.
5B7. Liquidometers. In submarine fuel systems, liquidometers are used to determine:
1) the level of oil in partially filled tanks,
such as clean fuel oil tanks, and
2) the level between fuel oil and salt water
in completely filled tanks such as normal fuel
tanks, fuel ballast tanks, collecting tank, and
The liquidometer is equipped with a float
mechanism, the movement of which activates a
double-acting opposed hydraulic mechanism
which registers upon a properly calibrated dial
the volume of oil in a tank in gallons.
The float of a liquidometer used in compensated fuel tanks is usually filled with kerosene to a point where it will float in water but
sink in fuel oil. Since the water is below the oil,
the float will sink through the oil and stop at
the compensating water level.
The instrument consists essentially of two
units, a tank unit located in the tank whose
capacity is to be measured, and a dial unit
located at some distant point away from the
tank (such as in the control room of a submarine). Operation of the instrument is dependent upon the movement of the float in the tank
which is mechanically connected to an upper
and lower bellows of the tank unit. These two
bellows are rigidly supported at one end by a
bracket, and both are connected by tubing to
two similar bellows in the dial unit. The dial
unit bellows are each supported at one end by a
bracket which also provides a bearing connection for the indicator pointer. The free ends of
the bellows, facing the pointer, are connected to
a link which actuates the pointer. When the float
moves down, the mechanical linkage between
the float arm and the upper and lower tank
bellows compresses the lower bellows, forcing a
portion of the liquid from it into the interconnected dial unit bellows, causing it to expand.
At the same time, the upper bellows in the tank
unit is being elongated through the mechanical
Figure 5-3. Schematic diagram of liquidometer.
connection to the float arm and takes in a portion of the liquid from the other dial unit bellows, which is then caused to contract. Reverse
action takes place if the tank float moves upward.
5B8. Maintenance of ship's fuel system. All
fuel storage tanks should be periodically inspected and cleaned. This is usually done during
submarine overhauls at naval shipyards.
All screen strainers used in connection with
the fuel oil system should be periodically removed and cleaned.
The valve seat gaskets used in the fuel ballast tanks are made of special, oil-resisting rubber. These gaskets should be inspected at each
filling and replaced if deteriorated or damaged.
In the fuel ballast tanks, all valves are enclosed in galvanized wire mesh screens. These
wire mesh screens should be cleaned whenever
inspection indicates that it is necessary. On some
submarines, the connection between the compensating water line and the four-valve manifold
is provided with a plug protected sight glass to
check the pipe's contents. This glass should be
kept in clean and readable condition at all
times. In most modern fleet type submarines this
sight glass has been blanked off because of possible breakage during depth charge attack.
It is essential that all air be excluded from
the fuel system, or the system may become air-bound, thus preventing proper flow of oil to the
engines and also disturbing the trim of the submarine. This may be done by venting the system
through the vent facilities provided.
In venting fuel tanks in use, the following
order should be observed: first, the expansion
tank, then the fuel tank on service, then the
collecting tank. The remaining fuel tanks may
then be vented in any order. The discharge line
from the collecting tank to the clean fuel oil
tank should be closed during venting operations.
C. SUPPLY FROM SHIP'S FUEL SYSTEM TO ENGINE FUEL SYSTEMS|
5C1. General. After leaving the collecting
tank, fuel is piped through a system comprised
of strainers, fuel meters, fuel oil transfer pumps,
purifiers, and clean fuel oil tanks before reaching the engine. This section of the fuel oil system is divided into two parts. One part serves
the forward engine room, the other the after
engine room. The two are interconnected to provide flexibility of operation.
5C2. Strainers and meters. Fuel oil to be
used in the engine is normally taken from the
top of the collecting tank. It may, however, in
some installations, be drawn directly from the
fuel oil filling and transfer line. In either case,
the oil should go through a wire mesh type
strainer and fuel meter before entering the suction side of the fuel oil transfer pump. Both
strainer and meter are fitted with bypass connections by means of which a strainer, or meter,
or both may be bypassed.
5C3. Fuel oil transfer and purifier pumps.
Located in each engine room is a positive displacement type fuel oil transfer and purifier
pump, driven by an electric motor. The primary
function of this pump is to transfer fuel oil from
the collecting tank to the clean fuel oil tank
through the purifier. It may also be used for
priming purposes by taking a suction from the
clean fuel oil tank and delivering the priming
oil to the individual engine fuel system. An engine normally is primed before starting, particularly if it has been secured for some time.
Under normal operating conditions this
pump is operated until the clean fuel oil tanks
are full. It is then secured until the level of oil
in the clean fuel oil tanks becomes such as to
indicate need for replenishment.
5C4. Pure oil purifiers. a. General. The fuel
oil purifiers are Sharples centrifuge units which
operate on the principle of centrifugal force.
Centrifugal force is the force exerted upon
a body or substance by rotation that impels that
body or substance outward from the axis of
rotation. When a mixture of liquids is revolved
at high speed in a container, the centrifugal
force causes the components of the liquid to
separate. The component with the greatest specific gravity will assume the outermost position,
and the lightest component, the innermost position. Thus, if a mixture of water and oil is
revolved, the water, being the heavier component, will separate from the lighter oil and form
Figure 5-4. Fuel oil supply from ship's fuel system to engine fuel system in one engine room.
a layer around the wall of the container, while
the oil remains near the center of the container.
The Sharples fuel oil purifier operates on this
The Sharples purifier can be used as a
separator or a clarifier. When used as a separator, the purifier separates oil from water and
solid sediment. When used as a clarifier, it
separates oil from solid sediment only


text:
February 29, 2012
"Reintegration is not a federal program, it's a community process." Rights & Responsibilities (c) 2007 City of Philadelphia Mural Arts Program / Eric Okdeh
What can Leap Year teach us about effective advocacy for kids involved with our court and justice systems?
Every four years, Leap Day is added to the calendar on February 29th because the length of a year is actually 365.242 days, not 365 days. The practice of aligning our annual calendar with scientific knowledge dates back to the days of Julius Caesar. It was Caesar who created the leap year in 45 B.C., based upon the calculations made by his astronomer, Sosigenes. As scientific knowledge grew, the calendar was again adjusted in the 16th century, bringing us the modern Gregorian calendar.
Thousands of years ago, the Romans recognized the need to base policy and practice decisions upon scientific research and knowledge. On this Leap Day, we thought we should take a moment (we have a whole extra day, after all!) to reflect upon the need to consider developmentally-appropriate, research-driven solutions for children involved in America's justice system. By taking account of the growing body of science about children's cognitive, social, and emotional development, we can leap substantially ahead in our adoption of progressive juvenile and criminal justice policies.
February 13, 2012
In December 2011, Pennsylvania enacted its version of the federal Adam Walsh Act—a piece of draconian legislation that will require up to lifetime registration for Pennsylvania juveniles convicted of sex offenses. The General Assembly passed the law, and the Governor signed it, despite a steady and persistent chorus of dissent from leading child advocates across the state and nation. Why would children's advocates raise concerns about a new law that ostensibly aims to protect children? Because the law has the potential to destroy more lives than it will protect, while robbing Pennsylvania taxpayers of critical resources.
February 07, 2012
Governor Tom Corbett of Pennsylvania today announced his proposed budget plan for fiscal year 2012-2013, which included a proposal for full implementation of the older youth provisions of the federal Fostering Connections to Success and Increasing Adoptions Act (Fostering Connections). Foster youth who age out of care without permanent family supports and connections are one of our most vulnerable populations. These youth, who have histories of abuse and neglect, are strong, resilient, and full of potential, but can easily fall through the cracks as they enter adulthood. They deserve better—and we as a nation can do better.


text:
1.Click the Forecasting tab.
3.The Advanced Search gives you the ability to search within your Custom Opportunity Fields.
4.Find the desired Opportunity in the search results and click the corresponding link. The Opportunity information screen will display in an editing format.
5.At opportunity information screen, under the Action Plan heading, is a text box. Enter the note information in the text box, click Add Note.
6.The Note is saved and logged in the Action Plan history underneath the text box.


Immigration debate needs constructive engagement
By Jason Adkins, December 15, 2016
By Jason Adkins, December 15, 2016
The debate over immigration policy is inevitably heating up as we prepare for Donald Trump's inauguration as president. Undoubtedly, an early priority of his presidency will be to increase border security and re-examine President Obama's immigration enforcement policies.
Unfortunately, because of the over-the-top way in which these matters were discussed during the campaign, including remarks by the president-elect and others, many undocumented persons and their children (who may be citizens) live in fear that their families will be torn apart by what lies ahead.
But instead of ratcheting up fear-inducing rhetoric to oppose the pernicious elements of Trump's pledges (which some pro-immigration advocates are doing in statements that seem more anti-Trump than pro-immigrant), advocates for immigrants, including the Church, should follow a path of constructive engagement. Recognizing that political dynamics are not favorable for comprehensive immigration reform, we should seek to build common ground rooted in first principles, and focus on the need to both keep families together and protect childhood arrivals (the "dreamers")
First principles
Donald Trump is not wrong that a country without borders is no longer a country. Nor is there anything wrong with deporting migrants who represent a threat to the safety and security of the American people. As Pope John XXIII noted in his encyclical Pacem in Terris, the Church recognizes the right of sovereign nations to control their borders for the common good of their citizens, which includes not only their physical safety but also their economic well-being.
But the right of nations to control their borders is not absolute. Nations also have an obligation to the universal common good, and thus should seek to accommodate migrants to the greatest extent possible, particularly those escaping violence, persecution, and extreme poverty.
Similarly, upholding the right of migrants and refugees to come to the United States does not mean that they are without responsibilities to their new nation or residence. Building the common good requires a sense of solidarity among citizens, and when newcomers behave as though they are entitled to the benefits of their new land but do not share in the responsibilities to ensure those blessings continue, it undermines civic friendship.
Lost opportunity
As a reflection of these principles, in 2013 the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops supported a comprehensive reform that 1) created a 13-year pathway to citizenship for undocumented persons, which includes the payment of thousands of dollars in fines and fees; 2) disqualified those with criminal records from citizenship; 3) mandated both English and civics education for prospective citizens; and 4) increased border security by billions of dollars.
This was a good compromise bill that should have been passed. Unfortunately, that opportunity was squandered and now we are faced with an uncertain future regarding how the Trump Administration will prioritize the enforcement of our nation's immigration laws against undocumented persons.
Human rights test
Will President-elect Trump leave in place "deferred action" programs for childhood arrivals and their parents and choose to focus instead on those who threaten public safety? Or will the government indiscriminately deport those caught in a new dragnet?
If the latter, then Christians and all those of goodwill should raise their voice in protest—not by shouting, nor by engaging in sloppy advocacy that sounds like the United States should become a cosmopolitan nation of open borders and global citizens, embracing a relativistic ideal of cultural diversity. These approaches are not helpful or persuasive.
Instead, we should follow the lead of Archbishop Jose Gomez of Los Angeles and view the immigration debate in specifically American terms. The immigration debate is a test of who we are as a nation—a human rights test.
Does America welcome those who share its ideals of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, regardless of their place of origin? Will America remain a beacon of hope for those who are poor and oppressed, and come out of this controversy stronger? Or will we cynically deport those lured here by a promise of a new life after we have extracted cheap labor from them?
The bottom line is that to protect our immigrant brothers and sisters in these times, we should sound less like open borders absolutists or alarmists, and more like Catholics.


7 Tips for Preventing Reflux and Aspiration
Brad Dell avatar
by Brad Dell |
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Dr. Gwen A. Huitt, an infectious disease doctor with a special interest in mycobacteria and cystic fibrosis, spoke in our last article about what aspiration is and how it's dangerous to CF patients.
"Aspiration is defined as any liquid, substance, or foreign body that gains access (below the vocal cords) to the airways," Dr. Huitt said. "The dangers of aspiration for CF or non-CF patients are that you are sending not only germs such as pseudomonas or non-tuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM) into the airway that contribute to infection, but also that digestive enzymes and acids cause significant inflammation in the airways."
The following are her top seven tips for preventing aspiration:
1. Limit liquids to no more than six ounces per hour. A liquid includes smoothies, yogurt, soup, ice cream, etc.
Do not consume liquids within three hours of bedtime.
2. Move bedtime meds to evening meal (except for sleeping medication).
3. Sleep elevated — preferably on an adjustable bed with upper body elevated between 30 to 45 degrees and the knees slightly elevated and flexed. Merely sleeping on two pillows is not enough.
4. Never sleep on your right side or stomach. This increases reflux at night. Switch sides of the bed if necessary so you will not sleep on your right side.
5. Avoid these products as they all will make silent reflux worse for several hours:
 - Alcohol
 - Caffeine
 - Carbonated beverages
 - Chocolate
 - Fatty foods
 - Tomato sauces
6. Remember there is no medication that stops reflux! Medications only lower the acid content in the stomach juices.
 - "Medications such as PPI [i.e. Nexium] or H2 blocker [i.e. Zantac] medications suppress acid production, which certainly can help with heartburn or cough, but they do not stop the physical action of reflux."
 - "Part of the action of acid in digestive juices is to kill some proportion of germs that we swallow. If you are still refluxing (while taking PPIs) and you then aspirate some of this digestive "soup", you are actually aspirating more germs"
7. Only carbohydrates, grains, and starches absorb stomach liquids enough that they will not easily reflux high enough into the esophagus to be aspirated into the lungs.
MORE: Why aspiration is a silent hidden danger for cystic fibrosis patients
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The Benefits of Being Sick
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Obstructed channels can cause major issues for mortgage holders, conceivably prompting foul scents, flooding, underlying harm, and the development of dreadful microorganisms in the regions encompassing the blockage. Blocked Drains Essex If a channel is inside the limit of your property, it is your duty as opposed to that of your nearby water organization – to guarantee it is all around kept up and fixed. Yet, how would you manage the issue if a channel outside your property gets obstructed?
outside seepage
Before seeing how best to tackle the issue of an obstructed external channel, it is first essential to comprehend however much as could be expected about your property's outside seepage framework. That is because the potential fixes for a hindered channel will frequently change contingent upon the components of the framework influenced. How about we investigate probably the most well-known components of a property's outside waste framework.
Sewer vent chambers
Otherwise called an examination chamber, a sewer vent chamber is a state of access for the underground waste framework so that channels can be assessed and cleaned at whatever point required.
They can normally be found in three areas in the waste framework:
Blocked Drains Essex
Where a principle waste run meets a branch pipe
Where a channel alters course on a level plane by more than 30 degrees
Where there is a straight run of channeling that is more than 22 meters in length
Water pipes (downspouts)
Water pipes, otherwise called 'downspouts', are important for the rooftop seepage framework that conveys water from a downpour drain on a property. Downpour drains are the half-pipes found underneath a property's material, intended to forestall water saturating the property by directing the water away from the outside dividers and into downpipes. These canals are associated with vertical water pipes, which run down the length of a property to ground level, where the water is funneled into a surface water channel.
Surface water channels
Surface water channels are the component of the waste framework that gathers surface water, for example, water and a liquefied day off the ice, from different pieces of your property and transport it into the sewer organization – explicitly surface water sewers. The surface water is then returned to streams and the ocean. These sorts of the channel, normally covered by a network, are ordinarily situated at the base of water pipes or in cleared territories, for example, carports, around the property.
Foul water channels
Foul water channels convey foul sewage – regularly alluded to as wastewater – from latrines, sinks, showers, and showers, and family apparatuses, for example, dishwashers and clothes washers.
Soil vent pipes (SVPs)
Likewise called a dirt stack or channel squander vent (WV), a dirt vent pipe (SVP) conveys foul waste (sewage) from a property into the underground sewer organization. It stretches out up to the rooftop level to permit sewage scents to deliver into the environment. SVPs are typically fitted remotely, however can likewise be introduced inside the divider cavity.
Consolidated channels
Nonetheless, since around the 1950s, consolidated waste frameworks have quit being utilized in recently built houses, as they battle to oblige the measure of foul and surface water that should be shipped from a cutting edge home into the sewage organization.


kent place names - h
Hadlow was first recorded in the Domesday Book as Haslow. Its name probably goes back to two Old English words, hæth heather and hlaw hill, mound, so the sense is of a hill growing with heather.
Halling seems to go back to the Old English personal name Heall, in this case describing a settlement associated with Healls family or followers. The root is Old English ingas family, followers, seen more clearly in the towns first recorded form, in the eighth century, of Hallingas.
Halstead is literally a safe place or a place of refuge. It goes back to the Old English hald refuge, shelter, here combined with stede for a general site or place. The place-name is first found on record in about 1100 as Haltesteda.
Hamstreet - The name is Saxon meaning the enclosure on the road, originally the place was simply known as Ham. The original settlement was a mile up the road at Orlestone but the population shifted due to fresh spring water being discovered in Hamstreet.
High Brooms was originally broom growing near a bridge or broom growing on a ridge. Its earliest recorded form, Bromgebrug in 1270, suggests Old English roots of brom broom with either brycg bridge or hrycg ridge. Somewhere along the way this affix was dropped, however, and replaced by the more general qualifier high.
High Halden was first recorded under a rather longer name Hadinwoldungdenne, to be precise, in around 1100. The sense is of a woodland pasture associated with a man called Heathuwald, from the Old English denn woodland pasture. The High is a later addition.
Halstow is literally a holy place. It goes back to the Old English stow, which was used for a general place as well as a place of assembly or, as here, a holy place. It is combined and reinforced with halig holy. Kent has a High Halstow and a Lower Halstow, first recorded in about 1100 as, respectively, Halgesto and Halgastaw.
Ham is a common name found all over England, and Kent is no exception. It comes from the Old English hamm, which had a variety of meanings, essentially to do with an enclosure of land, often delimited by water or the bend of a river, or sometimes by higher ground. Kents Ham was first recorded in the Domesday Book as Hama.
Harbledown first appears in 1175 as Herebolddune. The final element is an Old English dun or hill, and the first part is probably a personal name. The sense is thus of Herebealds hill.
Harrietsham looks like it may be a river-meadow near the army quarters. The last element is Old English hamm river-meadow, enclosure, and the name also contains here army and geard yard, enclosure. Unfortunately, these two elements also made up an Old English personal name, so the town could also be simply Heregeards meadow. It first appears in the records in the tenth century as Herigeardes hamm.
There are two Hartleys in Kent, one near Cranbrook and the other near Longfield. The first has the longest recorded history of the two, first mentioned in 843 as Heoratleag, while the other is not found until the Domesday Book, in which it appears as Erclei. The name comes from Old English heorot, a hart or stag, here combined with leah field, clearing, giving a sense of a clearing frequented by harts.
Hartlip goes back to Old English hliep, which meant a gate or fence. Here we have a gate over which harts leap, hliep being combined with the word for a hart or stag, heorot. It was first seen on record as Heordlyp in the eleventh century.
Hastingleigh is immediately identifiable as a field, an Old English leah. In this case it is one associated with the followers or family of Hæsta, from ingas family, followers. It is first seen in 933 as Hæstingalege.
Hawkhurst was first recorded in 1254 as Hauekehurst. A hurst is an Old English hyrst or wooded hill, so here we have simply a wooded hill frequented by hawks. (Hawk itself comes from the Old English hafoc.)
Hawkinge, like Hawkhurst, is associated with the hawk (Old English hafoc). The final element is Old English -ing, denoting a place characterised by or associated with a certain thing. The town is first mentioned on record in 1204 as Hauekinge.
Hawley is literally a holy woodland clearing, from the Old English halig holy and leah field, clearing. It was first recorded in the Doomesday Book as Hagelei.
Headcorn is a bit of a mystery. It is first seen in about 1100 as Hedekaruna, and may be an eponym. The theory is that it goes back to Old English hruna, used for a tree-trunk and by extension, probably a bridge. In this case the town would be literally Hydecas tree-trunk.
Herne Bay is etymologically a place on a corner of land. It comes from the Old English hyrne angle, corner and was first recorded in about 1100 as Hyrnan.
Hernhill goes back to roots different from those of Herne Bay. Here we are looking at Old English har grey for the first element, the second of course representing hyll hill. It was first recorded around 1100 as Haranhylle, where we can see that har has the dative ending -an.
Hever is first seen on record in 814 as Heanyfre. The end of this word is Old English yfre, used for the edge or brow of a hill. The first element is heah high, seen here in its dative form hean. The sense is thus of a high hill-edge: a convenient place for a castle.
Higham is simply a high enclosure or a high homestead, the case depending on whether the last element is Old English ham or hamm. The first element of the place-name is clearly high, which goes back to Old English heah, and the town was first recorded in 1242 as Hegham. Higham Upshire is first found as Heahhaam in 765, and its affix means a higher district, from the Old English upp and scir.
Hildenborough was originally just Hilden or, in its thirteenth-century form, Hyldenn. The elements here are Old English hyll hill and denn woodland pasture, so the sense is of a pasture on or by a hill. By 1349 the name has become Hildenborough, having acquired the affix from burh manor, borough.
Hinxhill is etymologically the stallions hill. It comes from the Old English hengest stallion, and the town was first recorded as Haenostesyle in about 1100.
Hoath is only slightly disguised from its original meaning, indicating a place at a heath. The place-name first appears on record in the thirteenth century as La Hathe, and the root is Old Englihs hath.
Hollingbourne is a type of Old English burna, or stream. In this case the underlying sense seems to be of the stream of the people dwelling in the hollow, from hol hollow and ingas inhabitants. Alternatively, the first element could represent a theoretical personal name, Hola. The town is first seen in writing in the tenth century, as Holingeburna.
Etynologically, the name of Horsmonden conjures up arcadian images of a horse drinking at a stream in a woodland clearing. It comes from three common Old English words, hors horse, burna stream and denn woodland pasture. The first recorded form reflected this provenence rather better Horsbundenne, from around the turn of the twelfth century.
Horton Kirby is literally a muddy farmstead. It derives from the Old English horu dirty, muddy and tun settlement, farmstead; it first appeared in the Domesday Book as Hortune. By 1346 it is showing up as Horton Kyrkeby, having acquired a manorial affix from its possession by the de Kirkeby family in the thirteenth century.
Hothfield was originally Hathfelde, from the Old English hath healthy and feld field, open land.
Hucking is first recorded in 1195 as Hugginges. The form suggests that the final element is Old English ingas, indicating family or followers, and the first part of the place-name is probably a personal name. The site is thus a settlement of Huccas family.
Hunton is located literally at the hill of the hunstman. Its name comes from Old English hunta hunstman and dun hill the second element is not tun settlement, as it appears to be. The etymology is clearer in its first recorded form of Huntindone in the eleventh century.
Hythe represents the Old English word hyth, a landing-place or harbour. It first appears as the Normanised form Hede in the Domesday Book.


text:
TIMOTHY ACKER AND DRAKE BRANNON PERFORM WATER QUALITY TESTS.
Students in James Galvin's Agriculture classes are getting hands on education in Fresh Water Shrimp production. Yes, that's right fresh water shrimp.
The students are involved with the production with five hundred fresh water shrimp. The shrimp that the students are working with are close relatives of the shrimp that swim in the ocean, but these shrimp live in a fresh water environment. ACHS students are raising their shrimp in a closed recycling tank system. When working with this type of system students are taught that water quality is critical.
Each day students must test the water for oxygen content, pH, ammonia, nitrate and nitrite levels. The students have discovered that the temperature of the water must be maintained at 80 degrees. Students learned that when the water temperature falls below 75 degrees that the shrimp will live, but will not consume feed and grow. Students working with the shrimp can clearly see and understand how chemistry, math and biology principles effect and play into everyday life. Technology plays a very large role in helping students test the water and maintain the environment for proper water quality and balance.
Students have developed a strong interest in the shrimp project and look forward to continuing on with its development. The students would like to thank Mr. Starr for his continued support and enthusiasm for the project. The fresh water shrimp project has partnered with White Water Aqua Farms and they have been providing tremendous amount of technical advice, knowledge and experience to enhance this project.
KALEB WRIGHT PREPARES THE FEED FOR FRESH WATER SHRIMP.


loadings {stats}R Documentation
Print Loadings in Factor Analysis
Extract or print loadings in factor analysis (or principal components analysis).
loadings(x,...)
## S3 method for class 'loadings'
print(x, digits = 3, cutoff = 0.1, sort = FALSE,...)
## S3 method for class 'factanal'
print(x, digits = 3,...)
an object of class "factanal" or "princomp" or the loadings component of such an object.
number of decimal places to use in printing uniquenesses and loadings.
loadings smaller than this (in absolute value) are suppressed.
logical. If true, the variables are sorted by their importance on each factor. Each variable with any loading larger than 0.5 (in modulus) is assigned to the factor with the largest loading, and the variables are printed in the order of the factor they are assigned to, then those unassigned.
further arguments for other methods, ignored for loadings.
'Loadings' is a term from factor analysis, but because factor analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) are often conflated in the social science literature, it was used for PCA by SPSS and hence by princomp in S-PLUS to help SPSS users.
Small loadings are conventionally not printed (replaced by spaces), to draw the eye to the pattern of the larger loadings.
The print method for class "factanal" calls the "loadings" method to print the loadings, and so passes down arguments such as cutoff and sort.
The signs of the loadings vectors are arbitrary for both factor analysis and PCA.
There are other functions called loadings in contributed packages which are S3 or S4 generic: the... argument is to make it easier for this one to become a default method.
See Also
factanal, princomp
[Package stats version 4.1.0 Index]


text:
^100 and 10^1000 solutions. These numbers are far greater than the total number of fermions in the universe (about 10^80). There is no way to predict objectively which vacuum state describes the universe. The best that can be done is to plot a 'landscape' of solutions as a three dimensional plot and then to claim that the nearest one to experimental data is the prediction, by the 'anthropic principle' (which says we would not exist if it was another state, because the laws of nature are sensitive to the value of the vacuum energy).
By the same scientifically fraudulent argument, a child asked 'what is 2 + 2?' would reply: 'it is either 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 … or 10^1000, the correct answer being decided by whichever solution of mine happens to correspond to the experimentally determined fact, shown by the counting beads!'
Sir Fred Hoyle used the anthropic argument (sometimes falsely called a principle) to 'predict' life exists due to nuclear carbon energy level which allows three alpha particles (helium-4 nuclei) to stick together forming carbon-12. He did this simply because his theory would fail otherwise. However, it was a subjective 'I exist, therefore helium fuses' prediction and was not objectively based on an understanding of nuclear science. Therefore, Hoyle did not win a Nobel Prize, and his so-called 'explanation' of the carbon-12 energy level – despite correctly predicting the value later observed in experiment – does not deliver you hard physics.
To be added:
OBJECTIVE DETAILS OF THE STANDARD MODEL (from my old site)
NATURE OF GAUGE BOSONS (new section on physical propagation of polarized radiations)


Phage Genomes-Sept2018
Phage genomes up to 2018
In filtering for complete phage genomes, it became clear that the phages with the same name will have multiple accession numbers, for multiple reasons. The simplest is the presence of a RefSeq and original accession number. eg Synechococcus phage S-CAM9 RefSeq (NC_031922) and the original (KU686206). So while it has a unique accession it, it is a duplication of an existing genome. So we were counting these phages twice, we can easily remove these from the total. This reduces the total by ~ 2300, leaving ~ 7700 genomes, as seen above.
But this doesn't mean the all these remaining genomes are unique. Again using the example of Synechococcus phage S-CAM9 there are three accessions numbers KU686206, KU686205, KU686204 that are all derivates of S-CAM9, with each being a different isolate [see the paper]. The filtering we used was pulling out the "phage name", but not also the "isolate number" [something we need to fix in our script]. Given it is not possible to determine from the Genbank file descriptions how similar phages isolates arewhich can vary from 1 SNP to multiple gene deletions. We grouped all phage with identical "phage names" into a single entity – on the basis they are very similar. This data is also plotted as " uniquely named phage"
Just how similar phages with the same name are is hard to tell. The genomes of phages from experimental evolution experiments in some instances can be different isolates of the same phage but have identical genomes …. Whereas environmental isolates with the same name phage but different isolate numbers are roughly the same phage species [whatever that is, but lets not go there], which may lack several genes.
So what does this mean?
Well, the number of unique phage genomes in GenBank [not 100% identical] is probably somewhere between ~6200 and 7700. A number of isolates of the same genome have been sequenced multiple times.
The number of phages with RefSeq accessions has barely increased in the last 6 months. However, the number of "total genomes" and "Uniquely named phages" is increasing month on month. Therefore, using only phage genomes from RefSeq is likely to vastly under-represent the diversity of phages if constructing a phage database.
Below are files for all phage genomes, and RefSeq only genomes along with premade MASH database
Files can be downloaded below
 - All genomes Fasta – all Phage genomes extracted September 2018
 - Premade MASH database of all genomes
 - REFSEQ only genomes in fasta
 - Tab file of Accession, Description, Length,


text:
False memories in native and foreign language
Human memory is prone to memory errors and distortion. Evidence from studies on cognitive functions in bilinguals indicates that they might be prone to different types of memory errors compared to monolinguals, however, the effect of language in false memories is still understudied. Source monitoring processes required for proper memory functioning, presumably, rely on inhibitory control, which is also heavily utilized by bilinguals. Morevoer, it is suggested that thinking in a second language leads to more systematic and deliberate reasoning. All these results lead to expect that bilinguals are more analytical when processing information in their second language overcoming some memory errors depending on the language of information.
To test this hypothesis, we run a classical misinformation experiment with explicit source monitoring task with a sample of Russian-English bilinguals. The language of misinformation presentation did not affect the degree of the misinformation effect between Russian and English languages. Source monitoring demonstrated overall higher accuracy for attributions to the English source over the Russian source. Furthermore, analysis on incorrect source attributions showed that when participants misattributed the sources of false information (English or Russian narrative), they favored the Russian source over the not presented condition.
Taking together these results imply that a high proficiency in the second language do not affect misinformation and that information processing and memory monitoring in bilinguals can differ depending on the language of the information, which seems lead to some memory errors and not the others.


Microsoft, privacy
Microsoft, privacy and biometrics
Microsoft moves to quell Windows 10 privacy fears (Daily Nation)
According to the company's privacy statement, some of the information collected include "your typed and handwritten words", emails, conversations users have with the digital assistant, Cortana, location data and selections, such as stocks a user follows in a finance app, or the team a user supports in a sports app. Articles detailing privacy concerns have appeared in The Guardian, Newsweek and the Financial Times.
In the statement supplied Monday, the company says Microsoft does not sell the information customers provide it, but makes it available to employees and third-party engineers to improve Microsoft services.
Users can choose the level of information they send to it and selectively remove the information that Cortana, the digital assistant, tracks, while no biometric data from Windows Hello is shared with third parties, the company said.
It looks like the attention Microsoft is getting for privacy concerns surrounding Windows 10 is mostly to do with default settings. It also appears that Microsoft treats biometric information differently by default, not sharing it even with trusted third-party developers.
Two of the issues, surrounding Wifi Sence and how Windows Update Delivery Optimization (WUDO), are covered very well by The Hacker News which provides simple instructions for how to address them by changing default settings.
Reading through both of the Hacker News pieces, a picture of Windows 10 emerges that shows Microsoft giving serious thought to how make connectivity simpler with Wifi Sense while making the Windows ecosystem more resilient to the security threats already out there and those that easier connectivity implies with WUDO.
Previous ArticleNext Article


text:
Mark Dvorak remembers the first time he saw a banjo. He was a child, maybe seven or eight years old, visiting a historical reenactment park with his family – the kind of place where they have log cabins and a mule farm – and he came across an old man strumming the classic five-stringed American instrument.
"This guy seemed ancient to me. He's sitting there playing this thing – I'd never seen anything like it," Dvorak recalled. "He called it an 'old fashioned boom box.' He told me that when he grew up he didn't have electricity and so forth, so if he and his friends wanted to make music had to do it themselves."
Dvorak channeled that ethos of communal music-making as he grew up, and now the multi-instrumentalist – who WFMT once called "Chicago's official troubadour" – can be found doing regular gigs around the region and teaching at the Old Town School of Folk Music. He's also developed a strong interest in the history of American folk music and instruments, especially when it comes to the old Appalachian mountain tunes common to the banjo.
"Historians pretty much agree that the banjo was brought over by Africans during the slave years," Dvorak said. "Of course the banjos Africans were able to make were made from hollowed out gourds and animal skins."
Then, Dvorak said, the common historical understanding is that an Irishman living in Virginia named Joe Sweeny adapted those early African instruments into what we would recognize as the banjo today.
Those duel African and Scotch/Irish influences are also present in much of early American folk music, according to Dvorak. In the audio above, he demonstrates the cross-continental currents of early American music by deconstructing the lineage of one particularly well-known song: "You get a line, I'll get a pole" – also known as the crawdad song. His aural breakdown is both fascinating and tuneful.
Dynamic Range showcases hidden gems unearthed from Chicago Amplified's vast archive of public events and appears on weekends. Mark Dvorak spoke at an event presented by the Illinois Humanities Council in April of 2006. Click here to hear the event in its entirety.


Cathode Relithiation; Use of laser cleaning for removal of Solid Electrolyte Interface (SEL) from Li-Ion batteries
Electric Vehicle (EV) is an important mode of transportation which is green and friendly to the environment. EV relies on Li:Ion batteries and although the lifetime of an Electric Vehicle Battery (EVB) is quite long, eventually there comes a time, when the battery's performance is reduced and needs to be discarded. What happens with the aging of a battery, is a layer of Solid Electrolyte Interface (SEI) gets deposited on the electrode (Reference 1). This impedes the movement of Lithium ions on the surface of the Cathode and as a result the performance of the battery is deteriorated. According to United States Advanced Battery Consortium (USABC), an EVB needs to be discarded when its performance reaches 80% of its rated capacity. This is termed the End of Life (EOL) for the battery.
There are several options when an EVB reaches its EOL. These options include recycling, incineration, land-fills and reuse. Recycling will involve the use of chemicals which will impact the cathode material and reduce the performance of the recycled battery. Incineration will release certain toxic gases and heavy metals into the environment. Land-fills are also vulnerable to toxicity of batteries and there is the potential of mixing heavy metals in water supplies.
A useful idea to deal with LIB at EOL is to remove the deposited SEI so that the battery can be re-used. This can be done using solvents but they could alter the electrode's chemistry and deteriorate the performance. Another way to remove the SEL is to use the laser cleaning method which is a non-contact method, does not use a secondary medium, and does not pollute the environment since the ablated debris get collected using a vacuum pump. This is a very cost effective method and does not damage the electrodes if the laser operating parameters are properly chosen. In one study a second harmonic Nd:YAG laser at 532 nm was used to clean and activate the surface of the electrode made of platinum and glassy carbon electrodes (Reference 2). In another study, In another study a near IR Er:YAG laser was used to remove varnish from paintings (Reference 3).
In the study which is the focus of this summary note, a Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm was used to clean the SEL from Li:Ion battery in the pouch cell shape (Reference 1). The Lithium ion rechargeable cells were made of LiFePO4 cathode and carbon anodes with Dimethyl carbonate as the electrolyte. The parameters of the laser were carefully chosen such that there would be enough fluence to remove the SEI layer. A 20 Hz pulse repetition rate, 0.5 msec pulse width and 0.4-0.28 pulse energy were used as the laser parameters. The fluence of the laser (energy/unit area) made an important difference in the cleaning performance and this was adjusted either by varying the pulse energy or by varying the distance from cathode surface. Laser pulse energies from 0.4 to 4 joules were used at distances ranging from 14 to 34 cm. This resulted in fluences ranging from 0.035 J/mm2 to 0.169 J/mm2. After the removal of SEI layer as shown in figure 1, a scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and a FTIR were used to assess the quality and the transmission of the electrode surface. Figure 1 shows the schematic of removing the SEI.
Continue Reading...
Odoo CMS - a big picture
Figure 1: Removal of SEI using pulsed laser and examination using SEM
The SCM picture of before and after cleaning is shown in figure 2. It can be seen that the surface roughness for the laser cleaned surface has been reduced substantially indicating the removal of SEL
Odoo CMS - a big picture
Figure 2: SEL cleaned from the electrode using laser cleaning
The results of SEM show that at a low fluence (0.035 J/mm2)the SEL is not completely removed and at a very high fluence (0.169 J/mm2) some melting occurs and the cathode is damaged. The best fluence to remove all the SEL and not melt the cathode happened at 0.142 J/mm2 ( 4 joules, 34 cm distance). FTIR measurements also showed that the transmission of the cathode increased with laser cleaning of the surface and the removal of SEL.
In summary it was demonstrated that the laser cleaning of SEL from the cathode surface for LIB at EOL is safe, cost effective, environmentally friendly and damage free method.
Allied Scientific Pro offers Laser blast-100 system which is suitable for laser cleaning of the EVB cathodes. More information can be found in the following link:
1-Remanufacturing cathode from end-of-life of lithium-ion secondary batteries by Nd:YAG laser radiation, W.Liu, clean technologies and Environmental Policy, July 2015.
2-Laser activation of carbon electrodes. Relationship between laser induced surface effects and electron transfer activation. Poon, Anal Chemo 60: _PHONE_ (1988)
3-Surface cleaning of art work by UV, VIS and IR pulse laser radiation, J. Marczak, Salimbeni R (ed) Laser techniques and systems in art conservation. SPIE, Bellingham (2001).
Application of laser technology to Li: Ion battery production


text:
May 25, 2011
Challenge announced for creating new, small unmanned flying machine
Small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) play a critical role in modern military operations. The next generation of these aerial robotic systems needs to have enhanced takeoff and landing capabilities, better endurance, require less support equipment and be adaptable to mission needs in varying conditions.
The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center Atlantic (SSC Atlantic) call on innovators of every kind; scientists, engineers, citizen scientists and dreamers to collaborate on the UAVForge Challenge and win $100,000 USD.
The UAVForge challenge uses crowdsourcing to build small UAVs through an exchange of ideas and design practices. The goal is to build and test a user-intuitive, backpack-portable UAV that can quietly fly in and out of critical environments to conduct sustained surveillance for up to three hours.
According to Jim McCormick, DARPA program manager, "The UAVForge crowd-sourced approach seeks to capture and mature novel ideas and systems integration methods from communities outside the traditional DoD acquisition process."
Self-selected teams will participate in a series of peer-reviewed milestones where participant rating will identify the top ten teams that advance to the UAVForge Fly-Off Competition. During the competition, vehicles will be tested in a simulated high-stress surveillance mission.
"This is a fascinating challenge and the solution space is wide open," explained McCormick. "We're excited to see what innovative ideas emerge, so we're trying to give individuals and teams lots of time to develop their concepts prior to the initial design submission date planned for late this fall."
The winning team will be awarded $100,000 and the opportunity to showcase its design in an overseas military exercise. Additionally, the winning team will work with a government-selected UAV manufacturer to produce a limited quantity of systems for future warfighter experimentation.
Watch ideas take flight and learn more by visiting _URL_.
# # #
Media with inquiries, contact DARPA Public Affairs, _EMAIL_
Please direct all media queries to _EMAIL_


Double derived pattern in DSL
Customizing a DSL needs different expertise based on the amount of customization that you want to apply.
A 'basic' concept that you need to understand is the double derived pattern.
The DSL engine generates classes based on the dsl definition. Those classes are partial class so, like in or winform, you can create your code for the same class in another file separating it from the automatically generated.
Those classes are split in two separate files, but is essentially the same class so you can't replace a method automatically generated.
To address this problem the DSL framework introduce the double derived pattern. For each class (with the "Generates Double Derived" attribute set) the generated code is set on the base class so you are free to override the automatically generated code in the derived class.
If you have a class named ExampleElement (the one automatically generated if you create a new MinimalLanguage project) and you mark it with "Generates Double Derived" you'll get the following class structure
The framework generates an ExampleElementBase class that contains all the generated code, in the derived class (ExampleElement) you are free to override everything (except the constructor see below).
In case of the Sources property you'll write
public partial class ExampleElement
 public override Microsoft.VisualStudio.Modeling.LinkedElementCollection Sources
 return base.Sources;
The case of constructor it's a little bit different....the problem is that DSL tools must generate the constructor for the derived class (if not the framework couldn't instantiate the class). So if you need to override also the constructor you can set the "Has custom constructor".
(Remember to select "Transform all templates" and rebuild!)
In this case a compilation error is generated stating that you have to implement the constructor. Something like
Error 1 "...ExampleElement' does not contain a constructor that takes '0' arguments Tags:
posted @ venerdì 9 maggio 2008 02:40
Comments have been closed on this topic.


text:
Founded in 1997, BookFinder.com has become a leading book price comparison site:
Find and compare hundreds of millions of new books, used books, rare books and out of print books from over 100,000 booksellers and 60+ websites worldwide.
Reconstruction in Philosophy
by John Dewey
ISBN _PHONE_ / 9781428615144 / 1-4286-1514-8
Publisher Kessinger Pub Co
List price $26.95
› Find signed collectible books: 'Reconstruction in Philosophy'
For those of us trying to make sense of the world and the institutions we devise to cope with it, John Dewey's Reconstruction in Philosophy offers tremendous insight. Writing a few years after World War I, the highly regarded American philosopher chose to embrace the modern sense of scientific optimism and apply it to the search for truth. He argued forcefully that our philosophical constructions are not based in reason, but only use higher thinking to justify themselves, and that we might find better ways of living if we examine our deepest beliefs and feelings with an eye toward their ultimate effects on us and others. This experimental philosophy, pragmatism, took several steps beyond the previous century's utilitarianism and was both hailed and reviled as a subsumption of philosophy and ethics into science.
Written as lectures, Reconstruction in Philosophy is marginally less dry than other philosophical tracts, but for readers new to the jargon, some sections can be slow-going. The pleasure of Dewey's works, though, comes from the intellectual stimulation of following a brilliant mind into then-uncharted epistemological territory. The last chapter, "Reconstruction As Affecting Social Philosophy," foreshadows so much 20th-century political thinking--from across the spectrum--that it ought to be required reading in high school civics classes. Did pragmatism change our lives for the better? The very fact that we can ask such a question is Dewey's legacy; the answer must remain an open question. --Rob Lightner [via]