Archive for bathing
What legal rights do users of public bathing facilities have?
Aside from the already mentioned health regulations stating that where there are toilets there must be sinks and where there are sinks there must be soap, the legal rights connected to using public bathing facilities depend, as always, on whether the place is run by the government or a private entity. The particular activities that people may undertake in the facility depend on the staffing, physical plant, and monetary resources of the place and are not a matter of law. They do not have to allow shaving or nail cutting or tooth-brushing, for example. They might only have showers, not bathtubs. They might only allow people to bathe individually to prevent people from having sexual encounters there. Law is about the way people and government behave toward each other and how society operates, it rarely ever declares that people are entitled to do any particular activity in a certain place.
Sometimes there are bathing facilities at churches, shelters, nonprofit community centers and other privately operated places that are funded by donations from individuals and businesses. These privately operated facilities are obligated to function according to the direction of their own boards and their funding sources. This means that private facilities can have their own rules and limitations about the circumstances under which they allow people to wash there or obtain hygiene supplies. It also means that they can be unfair in providing their services: allowing some people to have more time than others, excluding some people, not providing notice of rule changes, etc…
If a private agency or organization gets government funding toward a particular service, like establishing bathing facilities, there may be regulatory legal obligations connected with using that funding. The whole facility is probably not subject to those obligations,[i] only the component providing the government-funded service. To find out abut those obligations, which will probably be about the way the service is provided and the conditions of the facility, it is necessary to find out which government agency (i.e., state department of health or county department of welfare or city special grant bureau, etc…) gives that funding and then contact that government agency to obtain a copy of the regulations and instructions for interacting with them if you believe their regulations have not been followed.[ii]
Sometimes, municipalities or counties install public showers and other washing facilities as part of food banks, health clinics, community centers and other social service agencies that those government entities operate. Those kinds of facilities are considered government property because their buildings and their operations are paid for out of the ordinary tax base either through the regular budget stream or specially-dedicated government funds like limited term grants. Public users are entitled to civil rights protections when accessing these government operated facilities. The civil rights protections include things like equal access, freedom from religious impositions (i.e., they can't force you to say a prayer or participate in religious counseling in order to obtain the service), free speech, freedom from being searched unless the search is a routine security process used for everyone, privacy… (Read more about civil rights on Findlaw.)
All of the rights enumerated in the last paragraph are simply listed as general civil rights principles. Civil rights principles arise from the ways court cases interperet amendments to the U.S. Constitution. So, civil rights is an area of law in which there is often not a clear rule for everyone to follow. Rather, it is a constant analysis of comparisons:
1. weighing the government's purpose along with its rule and
2. determining whether the rule, as applied in the situation being questioned, is structured just to serve that government interest. If it limits people unfairly by going beyond the scope of the government interest, it violates civil rights.
A helpful resource for learning about civil rights is Justia's Annotated U.S. Constitution. Read the sections about the Amendments to the Constitution to find easy explanations of how courts have interpreted those amendments. Note that the list of amendments tells what subjects are covered in each amendment (due process, free speech, etc…) Click on the hyperlinked name of any case on that site and you'll get to the Supreme Court's full decision.
Here are two examples demonstrating how civil rights can be outweighed by significant government interests:
 - If a member of the public, who routinely carries a weapon, comes to the public washing facility, the facility can probably justify locking the weapon away while the visitor is on the premises because the facility has an obligation to prevent harm to its staff and users.
 - People are supposed to have the right to free speech in a public place. However, if someone comes into a washing facility and makes threatening comments to other people bathing there, the facility (i.e., the government) may be at risk of losing the victims of those comments. If the whole purpose of the washing facility is to give people a place to get clean and try to avoid disease, but people were too scared to go there, then it wouldn't be an effective washing facility anymore unless the place refused to allow threats.
[i] The whole facility can be required to make changes in order to comply with legal requirements and accommodate the government funded part. For example, the building might have to install new doors, or fire safety devices, or a stair railing, or make other kinds of modifications to the building entrance or the building's systems in order to make the government funded bathing service properly safe and available to public users.
[2] State agencies, such as health departments, publish their regulations in administrative codes. All of the states' administrative codes are available on the Internet from the National Association of Secretaries of State at
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Is the government required to provide you with bathing facilities?
 It has been held that a criminal defendant who was not provided with soap, a comb, and other basic hygiene amenities in jail was entitled to a new trial because his dirty and disheveled appearance may have turned the jury against him.[i] That is an example of one of the two situations in which the government is required to provide any kind of washing facilities: those in which government buildings make toilets available to the public and those in which the government has custody of someone, as in the case of the jail inmate or when the person is in someplace like a county or state-run nursing home, etc… Other than in those instances, the public cannot expect that the law entitles them to a place in which to get clean or even to get supplies for washing or other personal hygiene functions.
 In government custody situations, as the previous section demonstrates, regulations about the condition of hygiene facilities in institutions might come from the government agency of which the institution is a component or from the public health code. The standards that have to be followed when public restrooms or bathing facilities are available in restaurants, other businesses, or in government buildings are in state public health codes.[ii]
 A clear and detailed example of standard public restroom requirements is in the Illinois public health code which includes specifics like, "Lavatories shall be provided and located within or immediately adjacent to all toilet rooms or vestibules. All lavatories shall be provided with hot and cold running water that can be tempered by means of a valve or combination faucet" and "A supply of bar, liquid, or powdered hand-cleaning soap or detergent in a dispenser shall be available at each lavatory."[iii] The Kentucky public restroom regulations are also very detailed with statements like, "an adequate supply of toilet tissue shall be provided at each toilet facility at all times" and "hand washing facilities, including running water, soap, and individual cloth or paper towels, or other method for drying hands approved by the cabinet, shall be provided…The use of the common towel is prohibited."[iv]
 Oddly, even though there are no general legal requirements mandating public bathing facilities for people who don't have homes, there are some circumstances in which the government provides hygiene supplies to members of the public who don't need something as basic as a place to bathe and who aren't necessarily financially needy. Notable examples of this are equipping drug users with clean syringes and dispensing condoms to teenagers.
 The legal sources for these actions are public health regulations, made by state and county health departments, often in furtherance of the government's interest in preventing the spread of HIV or other viruses, diseases, etc… It seems reasonable to ask why a government would make a law entitling members of the pubic only to such limited hygiene supplies and not just ordinary sinks and showers that are fundamental to fighting so many kinds of sickness. Lobbyists for the poor, and poor people themselves, can ask that question of lawmakers if bathing facilities are not available in a community.
[i] State v. Maisonet, 763 A.2d 1254 (N.J. 2001).
[ii] State health agencies' Web sites are listed at Within each agency's site, look for a link to "laws" or "regulations" or use their search tool for more specific terms such as "cleanliness" or "homeless" or "shelter," etc..
[iii] Ill. Admin. Code tit. 77, § 895.50(g), (g)(1) (2007).
[iv] 902 Ky Admin. Regs. 10:010:2:7, 12, 13 (2006).
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Is it legal to kick someone out of a store or restaurant just because he or she smells bad?
Yes, businesses serving the public have the freedom to eject prospective customers just because they smell bad. In fact, they can kick people out just because they are not wearing shoes or a shirt. Stores and restaurants do not have to do business with anybody if they don't want to. Granted, they cannot discriminate on the basis


A mother picking up her child is one of the most instinctive and natural things in the world.
But have you noticed how, by and large, mums tend to carry their little ones on their LEFT hip?
Well, if you have, Mirror Online have helped uncover the answer.
As it turns out, this lateral preference isn't simply a coincidence.
But, rather, another amazing feat which our bodies perform.
Every parent knows getting babies to sleep through the night can be difficult.
According to research published in Nature Ecology & Evolution, mothers hold their offspring to the left to spur the right brain into action.
The reason for choosing the left over the right is because of one of the right brain's primary functions.
Typically in charge of emotional signs and language, when the right brain has been engaged, and with baby held to the left, mums can better read and make sense of their babies' actions, expressions and sounds.
It's technical name is 'lateralisation' and it's something we have in common with not just our ape cousins, but other mammals too.
Walruses, feral horses and reindeer have also been reported to use lateralisation with their babies. In fact, the study into it looked at a total of 11 different species.
The report explains, "The position of an infant on the mother's left side may optimise maternal monitoring by directing sensory information predominantly to the mother's right hemisphere."
For more news like this, like our What's on Facebook page and our Brummie Mummies facebook page


[ More Wisconsin Wildlife ]
Ruffed Grouse
The ruffed grouse is a bird with many qualities. They are able to adapt to their body parts and use them for many daily needs. One of those is that they can grow additional scales on their toes to make their feet larger which in turn, help them walk on the cold snow. This bird also has the ability to use their tail to court the females. They do this by moving it in a fanning motion. The Wisconsin ruffed grouse doesn't care about being close to humans so it gives the human an advantage when hunting them.
This is also a very beautiful bird to add to your bird watching adventures. You will notice their mix of colors on their feathers. These really attract eyes from all around. The ruffed grouse may be hard to see sometimes because of their brownish colors. These colors sometimes help them blend into their surroundings. Ruffed grouse are an interesting species that brings out the prettiness in nature. Enjoy their existence.
Name: Ruffed Grouse
Scientific Name: Bonasa umbellus
Measurements: weight: 1-1.7lbs, length (bill to tail): 15-19in, wingspan: 22-25in
Habitat: edges of forests in brushy areas, roost in trees during summer, plunge into snow in winter.
Diet: berries, fruit, nuts, seeds, insects, buds, blossoms and leaves, occasional frogs or snakes
Behavior: don't care about living too close to humans, normally solitary, no pair bond between males and females, young birds stay in loose flocks in fall and winter.
Reproduction: courtship only lasts a couple of minutes then female leaves to find nest, 8-14 buff-colored eggs, incubation: 24-26 days.
Predators: fox, Northern Goshawk, great horned owl, and humans
Life Expectancy: average: less than one year old, some live up to 2-3 years, oldest known is 8 years old
Extra Facts: don't migrate, name comes from black ruffs on side of neck, are able to stay perfectly still if threatened.
Part of Wisconsin it generally resides: northern, central, southeast, and southwest portions.
[ Birds of Wisconsin ]


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Truthy and Falsy Values
The following values are always falsy:
- 0 (zero)
- "" (empty string)
- NaN (a special Number value meaning Not-a-Number!)
All other values are truthy, including "0" (zero in quotes), "false" (false in quotes), empty functions, empty arrays, and empty objects.
var a =!!(0); // variable is set to false var b =!!("0"); // true
Comparing Falsy Values
Falsy values follow some slightly odd comparison rules which can lead to errors in program logic.
The falsy values false, 0 (zero), and "" (empty string) are all equivalent and can be compared against each other:
var c = (false == 0); // true var d = (false == ""); // true var e = (0 == ""); // true
The falsy values null and undefined are not equivalent to anything except themselves:
var f = (null == false); // false var g = (null == null); // true var h = (undefined == undefined); // true var i = (undefined == null); // true
Finally, the falsy value NaN is not equivalent to anything — including NaN!
var j = (NaN == null); // false var k = (NaN == NaN); // false
You should also be aware that
isNaN() can be used to evaluate whether a value is NaN or not.
If in doubt…
Use strict equal (===) and strict not equal (!==) in situations where truthy or falsy values could lead to logic errors. These operators ensure that the objects are compared by type and by value.
var l = (false == 0); // true var m = (false === 0); // false

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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I'd like to know how the CPU benchmark results for CPUs posted at, for example,, compare. Is the scale linear, so that a CPU with a score of 2,000 is, on average, twice as fast as one with a score of 1,000?
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1 Answer 1
It seems to be linear; a 2000 score system completes the test units twice as fast as a 1000 score system.
The benchmarks seem to be completely artificial though, so in a real-world situation the ranks and numbers presented may be very skewed or even reposition.
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Why do you think it's linear? Can you point me to a page? – Brian May 23 '11 at 19:52
Benchmarks traditionally use linear scales which is mostly due to the fact that most numbers represent some direct derivative of the "operations per timeunit" calculation. No idea, if the passmark calculations are published somewhere, but by the look of it they simply represent some FLOPS/MIPS mixup – the-wabbit May 23 '11 at 20:27
_USER_ they don't state this specifically on any page, however the relative speed of each CPU indicates a linear scale. If they said it somewhere then you wouldn't have to ask, now would you? ;-) – Hyppy May 24 '11 at 11:59
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orig. India The tabla is a pair of small drums. The treble drum is called the tabla or dahina ("right" in Hindi) and sits on the floor in front of the player. The bass kettledrum is called the bayan ("left" in Hindi). It is made of clay or copper and sits to the left of the dahina.
The player hits the center of the skin on the top of each drum with his fingers while pressing down to alter the pitch of the sound. A virtuoso player may produce so many different sounds and inflections that the instrument seems to speak. In India, the process of learning to play the tabla begins when a master adopts a six or seven-year-old child as his student. The student will study with the master every day for a decade or longer.
The pairing of drums called the tabla was first used in India in the 1700s. Today it is used in all varieties of North Indian instrumental music and is the primary accompanying instrument for the kathak dance style.


Sun Java System Access Manager 7.1 Administration Reference
ProcedureTo Add a New Client
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 2. Select the device type with the following fields:
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Differentiating Assessment In The Writing Workshop
- Out Of Stock
- Product Code:
- SCHOLASTIC TEACHING RESOURCES
By Karin Mia
This resource is for teachers who need fast, efficient ongoing assessment to reach all of their primary writers. The authors provide strategies for streamlining conferences, pinpointing students' strengths and needs, and teaching to help students meet grade-level language arts goals. CD includes 30 fill-in assessment checklists and conference record sheets to help keep data organized and accessible-and make student progress easy to present to administrators and parents.
144 pages plus CD 8 1/2" x 11"

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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nounMusic, chiefly North American
- Though marked pianissimo and dolce, Piano I intensifies the accompaniment of the bell effects by passing from quadruplet sixteenth to triplet sixteenth to octuplet thirty-second notes at a mezzopiano level before resuming the melody.
- It contains a recurring rhythm of sixteenth, dotted sixteenth and thirty-second notes that is difficult to discern.
- This section, as performed in the aria, is not a traditional cadenza, and the thirty-second notes, which are included exactly as noted in the original score, may disorient young flutists who tend to perform this figure as grace notes.
For editors and proofreaders
Line breaks: thirty-second note
Definition of thirty-second note in:
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
Comments that don't adhere to our Community Guidelines may be moderated or removed.


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Hey kids, when most people hear the word "chemistry", they think of creepy laboratories with bubbling beakers of toxic goo. But chemistry can happen any time two different things react together to make something new, and there are fun science experiments that you can do right in your kitchen! Experiment 1: Magic Mud All you
Hey kids, when most people hear the word "chemistry", they think of creepy laboratories with bubbling beakers of toxic goo. But chemistry can happen any time two different things react together to make something new, and there are fun science experiments that you can do right in your kitchen!
Experiment 1: Magic Mud
All you need for this experiment is some cornstarch, water, and a little bit of food colouring to show it off.
- Add 5 tablespoons of cornstarch to a bowl. Make sure you use something to scrape off the extra starch so you have a nice level spoonful.
- Add 3 tablespoons of water to the bowl.
- Add 3 drops of food colouring.
- Stir the mixture.
This mixture should be hard to stir unless you stir very, very slowly. If it seems runny, add a few pinches more cornstarch. If it seems really dry, add a bit more water.
Now try squeezing a little bit of your magic mud between your fingers and rolling it into a ball. Then open your hand and watch what happens. Poke the top of your magic mud quickly, and your finger will bounce off. But if you sink your finger in slowly, the mud will swallow it up! It acts like a liquid and a solid!
For a real adventure, try using the same measurements (5 parts cornstarch, 3 parts water) to make up a really big batch in a large pan, or even a kids' swimming pool! If you run fast enough, you can actually run across the top of the magic mud. Just don't slow down, or you'll find yourself sinking into the goo!
Experiment 2: The Incredible Giant Hand
For this experiment, you will need baking soda, vinegar, and a rubber glove. If you don't have one, you could use a balloon to make The Incredible Giant Head.
- Use a marker to draw hair on the rubber glove (or a face on the balloon).
- Carefully add a few spoonfulls of baking soda to the glove.
- Pour some vinegar into the glove.
- Tie the glove closed, like you would a balloon. Shake it around a bit.
Now watch what happens. The hand (or head) will grow!
When the solid baking soda and the liquid vinegar meet, they react to form a gas called carbon dioxide. They make so much of it that it will blow up your balloon for you.
Experiment 3: Acid or Alkali
For this experiment, you need some beetroot or red cabbage. It also provides you with a tasty snack.
- Have an adult help you boil the cabbage or beetroot until the water changes colour.
- Collect some of the coloured water.
Scientists use something called pH indicator to measure how acid or alkali something is. Different acids and alkalis will make the indicator change different colours.
You've just made pH indicator. Have an adult help you test small amounts of your coloured water with acids and alkalis around the house. Vinegar, juice, household cleaners, antacid tablets, and baking soda are good places to start. The more acidic something is, the lower the pH number. See if you can figure out the pH of your test subjects:
2 red (very acidic)
12 yellow-green (very alkali)
And the best part about this experiment is that you can eat the vegetables you cooked! Now that's fun science!
Post by Sarah


Hitachi Vantara Pentaho Community Wiki
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 - Pentaho Data Integration connector in Teiid
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The Teiid project ( is a data virtualization system allowing applications to use data from multiple, heterogeneous data stores. These data sources currently include a broad range of relational databases, web services, text files, and ldap. Every data integration project has a unique set of requirements often with multiple way to approach solving the problem. Some use cases are best addressed with a classic data warehousing approach by transforming and integrating data (ETL) into a centralize DW for reporting and analysis. In other cases, a query federation approach is more applicable where the source data remains where it is, and a query federation engine like Teiid is used to present multiple, disparate datasources as a single entity. In fact, we believe there are all use cases that can benefit from combination of these technologies.
Teiid provides the an optimized engine for unifying data sources without moving data.
Pentaho Data Integration provides an easy-to-use, robust library of transformation objects that can be used to transform data so that its easier to integrate with other heterogeneous data sources in Teiid.
Use Cases
As a DBA, I want the ability to incorporate data from xyz source with my data warehouse without having to make drastic changes to my data warehouse.
As a Virtual Database modeler (Teiid user), I want a robust transformation library so that I can make appropriate modifications to my data source before incorporating it into my Virtual Database.
Teiid Connector Development Kit (CDK)
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text: Fractal image compression is a relatively recent technique based on the representation of an image by a contractive transform, on the space of images, for which the fixed point is close to the original image. This broad principle encompasses a very wide variety of coding schemes, many of which have been explored in the rapidly growing body of published research. While certain theoretical aspects of this representation are well established, relatively little attention has been given to the construction of a coherent underlying image model which would justify its use. Most purely fractal-based schemes are not competitive with the current state of the art, but hybrid schemes incorporating fractal compression and alternative techniques have achieved considerably greater success. This review represents a survey of the most significant advances, both practical and theoretical, since the publication in 1990 of Jacquin's original fractal coding scheme.


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Motivational Quotes of the Day
Selected from Laura Moncur's Motivational Quotations - August 19, 2013
- Hold a picture of yourself long and steadily enough in your mind's eye, and you will be drawn toward it.
- Harry Emerson Fosdick (1878 - 1969)
- Recommend to your children virtue; that alone can make them happy, not gold.
- Ludwig van Beethoven (1770 - 1827)
- Oh, what a dear ravishing thing is the beginning of an Amour!
- Aphra Behn
- Good ideas alter the power balance in relationships, that is why good ideas are always initially resisted. Good ideas come with a heavy burden. Which is why so few people have them. So few people can handle it.
- Hugh Macleod, How To Be Creative: 1 Ignore Everybody, 08-22-04
If an author's name is highlighted, you can click it for more quotations by
that author. Click on a quotation for more information about it, or
click on the icons next to each quotation:
- View further information about the quote or link to it on its own page
- Email the quotation to yourself, or to a friend
- View notes about the quotation
Note: These quotes are randomly selected from Laura Moncur's
Motivational Quotes collection by an automatic routine once a day. If you want more quotes, try the Quotations by Author page to
browse our entire collection, or try the Random Quotations Page,
which chooses new quotes each time you load it.


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Okay, so maybe this is a dumb question, but I'm going to go ahead and throw it out there simply because I'm curious.
What exactly is the difference between say IUPUI and Harvard (Don't point out the obvious, I'm well aware of the primary differences). My question is in regards to the education.
I go to IUPUI and have always wondered, what exactly is the educational difference? Take for example the following.
If I was taking a math class at IUPUI, and had the following equation.
2x = 6. Solve for x.
At IUPUI, the answer would be 3.
At Harvard, the answer would also be 3.
If students are taking classes that teach the same material, why pay thousands of dollars more for Harvard than for IUPUI, Ball State, IU, Purdue or anywhere else? Are students simply paying for prestige? Granted, Harvard and schools like it are known for law and other specialties, but in regards to basic type courses, why pay much more for the same material?
I know that isn't college level math, but that's just a simple example. Math does not change, ever, regardless of school/professor. So what is the difference exactly between Harvard, Princeton, Yale/others and your "normal" university/college?
Any input is appreciated. I've always just been curious about this for some time.


Home Forums Artistic Conventions Artistic Conventions Reply To: Artistic Conventions
Miranda Jackovich
As we learned earlier in the semester the Greco-Roman art displayed realism. 'The Ivory Panel with Archangel' from the Byzantine Empire may be inspired by the Greco-Roman robes but encompasses its own style through dimension and spacing in the artwork. 'Rebecca at the Well' from the Vienna Genesis made in Syria or Palestine also shares the same characteristics of style as the Romans but differs from the realism perspective of art. The image shows multiple scenes being played out in one. The Byzantine artwork is a continuation of the Greek and Romans but evolved into its own style due to new factors influencing the culture.


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|An Interview with:|
David F. Dinges, Ph.D.
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
NSBRI Neurobehavioral and Psychosocial Factors Team
Courtesy of EarthSky Communications
David Dinges, a scientist working with the National Space Biomedical Research Institute, is developing a test to help astronauts in space gauge their own stress and fatigue.
David Dinges: It's remarkably simple. You would pull up on the computer the test, and up would come a series of questions, very short ones, asking you basically what are the conditions of today. Did you sleep last night? Have you had any space motion sickness? How tired are you now?
The test would measure how quickly astronauts push a button in response to a light flashing on a computer screen.
David Dinges: You just do that test for three minutes then you get a final score that says, here's your percentage score on where you are compared to alert, capable astronauts.
This simple test could help astronauts gauge their fitness for performing critical tasks – like docking their ship to a space station or taking a spacewalk. Dinges said the test could also help people on Earth.
David Dinges: Whether you're trying to understand whether people are safe operating transportation vehicles, long-haul aircraft, trucks, etc., this test has potential value to a large number of contexts where you'd like to know who is fit and ready to perform and who isn't.


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ELECMI – Integrated Infrastructure for Electronic Microscopy of Materials
The Integrated Infrastructure for Electron Microscopy of Materials, ELECMI, is a Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructure (ICTS) within the current Map of National Facilities in Spain, which is composed of 29 ICTS that bring together a total of 65 facilities. ELECMI is composed of four facilities: the CNME (National Center for Electron Microscopy) that belongs to Complutense University of Madrid; the LMA (Advanced Microscopy Laboratory) that belongs to Zaragoza Universit; the DME (Electronic Microscopy Division), that belongs to Cadiz University and the UMEAP (Electron Microscopy Unit Applied to Materials) that belongs to the Barcelona University.
ICTS refers to facilities, resources or services for the development of top-quality cutting-edge research, as well as the communication, exchange and preservation of knowledge, the transfer of technology and promotion of innovation. ELECMI as well as other ICTS have these three fundamental characteristics:
- Infrastructure with public ownership.
- Unique, meaning that it is the only one of its kind in the country.
- Open to competitive access by users in the entire research community (public and private sectors from any nationality).
CNME ELECMI – National Center for Electron Microscopy
The National Center for Electron Microscopy, CNME, the main transversal action of the Campus of International Excellence, Moncloa, is designed according to the study carried out by FECYT on Unique Scientific and Technological Facilities (ICTS) to develop, implement and offer the scientific community, national and international, the most advanced methods and techniques in Transmission and Scanning Electron Microscopy for the structural analysis of materials. This Center consists of a set of last generation microscopes, and instruments and techniques for the advanced preparation of samples, as well as for the application of computational methods of image processing.
LMA ELECMI – Advanced Microscopy Laboratory
The Advanced Microscopy Laboratory, LMA, is integrated into the Río Ebro campus of Zaragoza University. It's a unique initiative at national and international levels aimed at providing the Industrial and Scientific communities with the most advanced infrastructures in Nanofabrication, Local Probe and Electron Microscopies for the observation, characterization, nanopatterning and handling of materials at atomic and molecular scale.
DME ELECMI – Electronic Microscopy Division
The Electron Microscopy Division, DME, is integrated into the Central Services of Science and Technology (SC-ICYT) of Cádiz University. The infrastructure has a staff of technical personnel highly specialized in techniques such as microscopy of corrected aberrations (TEM, STEM), electron tomography and electron loss spectroscopy (EELS) and Dispersive X-ray energy (EDX). The main DME-UCA priorities are education, training and dissemination of innovative techniques and methods based on transmission electron microscopy and electron microscopy applicability to materials applied research.
UMEAP ELECMI – Electron Microscopy Unit Applied to Materials
The Unit of Electron Microscopy Applied to Materials (UMEAP-UB) is integrated in the Scientific and Technological Centers of the University of Barcelona (CCITUB). It has highly specialized personnel in transmission electron microscopy characterization techniques and related analytical techniques (EELS and EDXS spectroscopy), as well as advanced data processing and simulation. They have beam precession systems (for 3D electronic diffraction, electronic crystallography, recognition of crystalline phases and orientation and tension maps) and specific specimen holders for in-situ microscopy and electron tomography. They also offer TEM and SEM microscopy techniques for biological material (Cryo-Tomography, In-Situ Hybridization, etc.), and a wide selection of complementary characterization techniques, such as microprobes, X-ray diffractometers, Raman microscopy, ESCA, AFM, etc.
ELECMI has a wide range of top level equipment in Electron and Local Probe Microscopy dedicated to the observation, analysis and characterization of materials at atomic and molecular scale, constituting a large infrastructure at the service of researchers, universities, research centers and Industry, with the ability to address the most relevant challenges in the field of new materials.
The most relevant techniques available at ELECMI ICTS include, among others:
- Transmission Electron Microscopy – TEM.
- Scanning Electron Microscopy – SEM.
- Dual Beam Microscopy – DUAL BEAM.


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Shabbat Parashat Bechukotai 5772
Ask the Rabbi: What Can Be Learned from the Silence of the PoskimRav Daniel Mann
Question: In an article of yours in Torah Tidbits about whether a guest has to make an act of acquisition for the matza at the seder (you said he does not), you used the concept of setimat haposkim (the silence of halachic authorities) as a proof. Can you tell me why and when one can use this concept?
Answer: Setimat haposkim is a post-Talmudic tool for helping decide halacha. We have found several hundred occurrences of the phrase in the Bar Ilan Responsa Project, especially among Acharonim.
The thesis of setimat haposkim is that if a certain common halachic issue or a distinction in a halacha is not raised, or is raised in only a handful of sources, one can assume that the consensus of poskim opposes it. The logic is that if the matter had been accepted to a reasonable degree, it would have found its way into several rabbinic sources.
How do we know, then, what the halacha is, when there are no sources on the case? Usually, one should assume that the simple understanding or practice is correct. If there is an accepted halacha but there is logic without sources to limit the halacha to certain cases, setimat haposkim indicates that there is no halachic distinction. Regarding a matter like the one you referred to, where the issue is whether to require a special act (e.g., of acquisition for the matza), setimat haposkim is a reason to not require an act that is not mentioned as necessary. Setimat haposkim is often used to reject a new stringency, as it would have been irresponsible for a large number of poskim to have omitted it, were it necessary. It can also be used to reject a novel leniency.
Scholars in many areas of research can use this tool. For example, if a researcher studying the history of a particular neurological disorder made an extensive study of medical records of a certain era and found no evidence of relevant symptoms, he might safely conclude that this disorder did not exist then or was extremely rare.
There are certain conditions that must be met in order to employ setimat haposkim. First, one must have searched through a sufficient number of sources. Sample size is always important, especially when drawing conclusions from what is not written. The necessary volume depends on a few factors. If the situation at hand is common, relatively fewer sources are needed. Regarding responsa literature, common issues would be expected to come up more often. Regarding codes, while codifiers cannot discuss every case, it is more important to discuss common issues.
Another factor is the proximity of the issue to topics in the literature. If there are detailed sources about cases similar to the issue at hand, the absence is more significant. Returning to our example, a medical textbook that surveys, say, 150 medical conditions can be 'forgiven' for not mentioning a given neurological disorder, but a detailed textbook on neurological conditions cannot.
One must be experienced and careful in using setimat haposkim and know how to analyze the background. In our medical example, perhaps in the studied era, the disorder was viewed as a psychological, not a neurological disorder, thus explaining its absence in the neurological contexts. Returning to halacha, perhaps the issue is common nowadays but was not in the past. For example, one should not dismiss pre-nuptial agreements due to a lack of source material on their past use since there were, in the past, fewer recalcitrant husbands and, consequently, a smaller need. Sometimes an issue is barely discussed because the answer was taken for granted. For example, the laws of a mechitza in shul became a relevant topic only when some people tried to do away with it and then only in certain circles. Previously, its existence and requirements were a given that did not raise halachic questions. Using grape juice for the Pesach seder was not discussed because grape juice was not available in the spring before the days of vacuum packing.
In our day and age, setimat haposkim is a more compelling tool than ever. We have access to far more seforim than our predecessors both because with every generation more works have been written and because we have easier access to more of them. There are works on virtually all topics that give summaries with extensive footnoting and indexing. Certainly, with powerful computer search engines that now exist, an experienced researcher should be more confident in coming to conclusions from what he does not find.
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Debt Handling-The Benefits Of Individual Voluntary Agreements For Creditors And Debtors
There are times when a debtor and creditor work together to negotiate an alteration in the terms of a debt or a repayment plan. In the UK, this is called an Individual Voluntary Agreement (IVA).
There is no formal name for the process in the US, but it works in the same way. These agreements allow a debtor and creditor to come up with a plan for the repayment of an overdue debt which the debtor would be unable to repay under the current terms.
In the UK, there is a formal structure in place for the negotiation of these agreements, which are typically done in consultation with a Licensed Insolvency Practitioner. While there isn't such a profession in the US, the same role is played by financial advisers, attorneys and debt counselors in negotiating these arrangements.
Since it's a compromise, the agreement is never completely satisfactory to the creditor or the debtor. However, these agreements are a worthwhile settlement for both parties.
The debtor is usually forgiven a portion of the debt or receives more tenable payment terms and the creditor receives some payment instead of none, which is what they would otherwise receive in many cases. Each arrangement has different terms, depending on the needs of each party.
The debtor, for their part is insulated from having property seized, wages garnished and other legal consequences. Since the arrangement will include payment terms which are feasible for the debtor, they can go a long way towards easing the mental and emotional strain of dealing with debt.
It's something which can take an impossible burden of debt and turn it into a financial obligation which the debtor can meet – giving him or her some light at the end of the tunnel.
The creditor also benefits; while they won't normally receive payment for the entirety of the debt, they can sometimes produce more money in the long run by extending the life of the debt. Even at a lower interest rate, these arrangements can be profitable for the creditor.
Even when this is not the case, the creditor receives some payment - and compared to the debtor filing for bankruptcy, the creditor still comes away with something. Debts are often renegotiated to 50-75% of their original amounts.
It's far from ideal for the creditor, but when the alternative is getting nothing as a result of a bankruptcy proceeding, the creditor will usually be satisfied to receive what the debtor can afford to pay.
The debtor likewise can avoid bankruptcy, which is not something anyone looks forward to having to do. Although it can eliminate debts, a bankruptcy ruins ones credit for as long as ten years; so any arrangement which allows the debtor to do their best to repay without having to resort to this drastic measure is more than welcome.
A bankruptcy can make it difficult if not impossible to obtain new lines of credit for the next decade. Home and auto loans will be next to impossible to secure and when it comes to credit cards, only those with exorbitant interest rates will be available.
The kind of damage which a bankruptcy can do to your credit makes nearly every aspect of your life difficult - so it's always better to negotiate a solution than to file for bankruptcy protection.
IVAs are agreements made through the court system in the UK and follow a formal procedure. However, the same sort of agreements can be made in the US with simply a signed document between the parties.
These agreements should always be made in writing to ensure that the agreement is legally binding and protects the interests of creditor and debtor alike.


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VOID ( VOID ( SOLID ) )
VOID ( POINT ( VOID ) )
Light exhibits behaviour consistent with being both a particle and a wave. The basic quantum unit of light, the photon, is both a particle of zero mass and a transmitter or carrier of the electromagnetic force.
With the appearance of the first photon arose the necessity for the continguent emergence of time and multi-dimensional space. However in accordance with the principles of time dilation, which states that distance shortens and time slows down as one approaches the speed of light, photons bridge the divide between an infinitude of nothingness and an infinitessimally small something. Bursting forth from the singlarity of a point source the photon's discreteness splays out in all directions, first one dimensionally, then two-dimensionally, then three, reaching out to all four quarters of space in its race to be everywhere in one timeless moment only known to itself.


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To implement the strategy of driving teaching and nurturing cross-disciplinary talents through research, Chang Gung University, Taiwan, established the Graduate Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering and the Graduate Institute of Medical Mechatronics in 2002. With increasing demand in home care-related industries due to a rapidly aging population and the increasing sophistication of techniques related to precision medical care equipment, the number of students who are interested in graduate school to study related to the field of biomedical engineering has been increasing. In August 2018, to effectively integrate, share and connect resources and implement the strategy of training biomedical engineers who have an engineering science background, can integrate life science-related knowledge and are capable of solving problems in clinical medicine or improving medical care efficiency and thereby improving patients' quality of life, the university merged the Graduate Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering and the Graduate Institute of Medical Mechatronics to form the Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering (BME-CGU).
To achieve the goal of providing an education that attaches importance to both engineering and basic biology and cultivates biomedical engineers with independent thinking and the ability to solve clinical medicine-oriented problems, the BME-CGU has developed unique teaching characteristics. One such characteristic is that in addition to offering common basic science courses, BME-CGU integrates industry resources such that students are subjected to field training at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital under the guidance of hospital clinicians and introduced to clinical experience and observation. This approach ensures that students understand applications of medical equipment in various departments and improvements that are needed as well as the importance of the role of biomedical engineers and the skill set that these engineers require. Moreover, the institute invited experts who had been involved in the Stanford-Taiwan Biomedical Fellowship Program to teach courses related to the design and development of medical materials. In these courses, students can learn about the possibilities and potential of applying biomedical engineering knowledge in areas ranging from medical product design to commercial use, which can serve as the cornerstone of student engagement in innovation and entrepreneurship in the medical equipment industry after graduation. At the same time, in accordance with the principle of enterprise resource integration and sharing, all BME-CGU faculty are qualified investigators affiliated with Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and have long-term research collaborations with doctors at the hospital. In assisting with the execution of these projects, students can learn how to communicate between engineering and medical fields effectively.
In addition to utilizing our own equipment, the BME-CGU makes full use of the resources of other research centers of the university, such as the Artificial Intelligence Center and the Biomedical Engineering Center, to engage in studies in the fields of biomedical signals and imaging, biomedical materials and sensing and biomedical electronics and mechanics to generate abundant patents and technical achievements. We sincerely invite students with a background in engineering or biological science to join BME-CGU.


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The piezoelectric effect is understood as the linear electromechanical interaction between the mechanical and the electrical state in crystalline. Piezoelectric_sensorCachadLiknandeÖversätt den här sidanA piezoelectric sensor is a device that uses the piezoelectric effect, to measure changes in pressure, acceleration, temperature, strain, or force by converting. Piezoelectric Effect is the ability of certain materials to generate an electric charge in response to applied mechanical stress. Photo: A piezoelectric actuator used by NASA for various kinds of testing. Photo by courtesy of NASA Langley Research Center (NASA-LaRC). Crystals which acquire a charge when compresse twisted or distorted are said to be piezoelectric.
This provides a convenient transducer effect between. Later they noticed that electrical fields can deform piezoelectric materials. This effect is called the inverse piezoelectric effect. Piezoelectric materials generate electricity when they are mechanically deformed.
The Piezoelectric Effect, How Does it Work in Piezo Mechanisms for.


The pixel-to-world coordinate transform vector
The following standard options influence this command:
 $ncont = 4;
 $labels= ['COLD', 'COLDER', 'FREEZING', 'NORWAY']
 # This will give four blue contour lines labelled in red.
 cont $x, {NCONT => $ncont, LABELS => $labels, LABELCOLOR => RED,
 COLOR => BLUE}
 Usage: bin ( [$x,] $data )
Options recognised:
 CENTRE - (default=1) if true, the x values denote the centre of the
 bin otherwise they give the lower-edge (in x) of the bin
The following standard options influence this command:
 Usage: hi2d ( $image, [$x, $ioff, $bias], [$opt] )
Options recognised:
 IOFFSET - The offset for each array slice. >0 slants to the right
 <0 to the left.
 BIAS - The bias to shift each array slice up by.
The following standard options influence this command:
Note that meddling with the ioffset and bias often will require you to change the default plot range somewhat. It is also worth noting that if you have TriD working you will probably be better off using mesh3d or a similar command - see the PDL::Graphics::TriD module.
 hi2d $y, {IOFF => 1.5, BIAS => 0.07};
Plot an arrow
 Usage: arrow($x1, $y1, $x2, $y2, [, $opt]);
Plot an arrow from $x1, $y1 to $x2, $y2. The arrow shape can be set using the option Arrow. See the documentation for general options for details about this option (and the example below):
 arrow(0, 1, 1, 2, {Arrow => {FS => 1, Angle => 1, Vent => 0.3, Size => 5}});
which draws a broad, large arrow from (0, 1) to (1, 2).
Draw a non-rotated rectangle
Usage: rect ( $x1, $x2, $y1, $y2 )
Options recognised:
The following standard options influence this command:
Draw a polygon
 Usage: poly ( $x, $y )
Options recognised:
The following standard options influence this command:
 # Fill with hatching in two different colours
 # First fill with cyan hatching
 poly $x, $x**2, {COLOR=>5, FILL=>3};
 # Then do it over again with the hatching offset in phase:
 poly $x, $x**2, {COLOR=>6, FILL=>3, HATCH=>{PHASE=>0.5}};
Plot a circle on the display using the fill setting.
 Usage: circle($x, $y, $radius [, $opt]);
All arguments can alternatively be given in the options hash using the following options:
XCenter and YCenter
The position of the center of the circle
The radius of the circle.
Plot an ellipse, optionally using fill style.
 Usage: ellipse($x, $y, $a, $b, $theta [, $opt]);
The major axis of the ellipse - this must be defined or $a must be given.
The minor axis, like A this is required.
Theta (synonym Angle)
The orientation of the ellipse - defaults to 0.0. This is given in radians.
XCenter and YCenter
The coordinates of the center of the ellipse. These must be specified or $x and $y must be given.
The number of points used to draw the ellipse. This defaults to 100 and might need changing in the case of very large ellipses.
The routine also recognises the same standard options as accepted by poly.
Draw a rectangle.
 Usage: rectangle($xcenter, $ycenter, $xside, $yside, [, $angle, $opt]);
This routine draws a rectangle with the chosen fill style. Internally it calls poly which is somewhat slower than pgrect but which allows for rotated rectangles as well. The routine recognises the same options as poly and in addition the following:
XCenter and YCenter
The position of the center of the rectangle. XCentre and YCentre are valid synonyms.
XSide and YSide
The length of the X and Y sides. If only one is specified the shape is taken to be square with that as the side-length, alternatively the user can set Side
The length of the sides of the rectangle (in this case a square) - syntactic sugar for setting XSide and YSide identical. This is overridden by XSide or YSide if any of those are set.
Angle (synonym Theta)
The angle at which the rectangle is to be drawn. This defaults to 0.0 and is given in radians.
Display 2 images as a vector field
 Usage: vect ( $w, $a, $b, [$scale, $pos, $transform, $misval], { opt } );
 $w->vect($a,$b,[$scale,$pos,$transform,$misval], { opt });
This routine will plot a vector field. $a is the horizontal component and $b the vertical component. The scale factor converts between vector length units and scientific positional units. You can set the scale, position, etc. either by passing in parameters in the normal parameter list or by passing in options.
Options recognised:
 SCALE - Set the scale factor for vector lengths.
 POS - Set the position of vectors.
 <0 - vector head at coordinate
 >0 - vector base at coordinate
 =0 - vector centered on the coordinate
 TRANSFORM - The pixel-to-world coordinate transform vector
 MISSING - Elements with this value are ignored.
The following standard options influence this command:
 vect $a, $b, {COLOR=>YELLOW, ARROWSIZE=>0.5, LINESTYLE=>dashed};
Display a pair of 2-D piddles as vectors, with FITS header interpretation
 Usage: fits_vect ($a, $b, [$scale, $pos, $transform, $misval] )
fits_vect is to vect as fits_imag is to imag.
Create transform array for contour and image plotting
 $win->transform([$xdim,$ydim], $options);
(For information on coordinate transforms, try PDL::Transform.) This function creates a transform array in the format required by the image and contouring routines. You must call it with the dimensions of your image as arguments or pass these as an anonymous hash - see the example below.
The rotation angle of the transform, in radians. Positive numbers rotate the image clockwise on the screen.
The dimensions of the image the transform is required for. The dimensions should be passed as a reference to an array.
The increment in output coordinate per pixel.
ImageCenter (or ImageCentre)
The centre of the image as an anonymous array or as a scalar, in scientific coordinates. In the latter case the x and y value for the center will be set equal to this scalar. This is particularly useful in the common case when the center is (0, 0). (ImageCenter overrides RefPos if both are specified).
RefPos (or ReferencePosition)
If you wish to set a pixel other than the image centre to a given value, use this option. It should be supplied with a reference to an array containing 2 2-element array references, e.g.
 RefPos => [ [ $xpix, $ypix ], [ $xplot, $yplot ] ]
This will label pixel ($xpix,$ypix) as being at position ($xplot,$yplot). For example
 RefPos => [ [100,74], [ 0, 0 ] ]
sets the scientific coordinate origin to be at the center of the (100,74) pixel coordinate. The pixel coordinates are pixel-centered, and start counting from 0 (as all good pixel coordinates should).
 $im = rvals(100, 100);
 $t = $w->transform(dims($im), {ImageCenter => 0, Pixinc => 5});
 $w->imag($im, {Transform => $t});
Threaded line plotting
 $win->tline($x, $y, $options);
This is a threaded interface to line. This is convenient if you have a 2D array and want to plot out every line in one go. The routine will apply any options you apply in a "reasonable" way. In the sense that it will loop over the options wrapping over if there are less options than lines.
 $h={Colour => ['Red', '1', 4], Linestyle => ['Solid','Dashed']};
 $ty = $tx + $tx->yvals;
 $win->tline($tx, $ty, $h);
A threaded interface to points
 Usage: tpoints($x, $y, $options);
 $ty = $tx + $tx->yvals;
 tpoints($tx, $ty, $h);
A threaded interface to circle
 Usage: tcircle($x, $y, $r, $options);
This is a threaded interface to circle. This is convenient if you have a list of circle centers and radii and want to draw every circle in one go. The routine will apply any options you apply in a "reasonable" way, in the sense that it will loop over the options wrapping over if there are less options than circles.
 $r=sequence(5)/10 + 0.1;
 $h


- What We've Learned from the First Week of Testing
"You can't learn anything from laptimes during testing". This phrase is often heard during the winter and repeated so often that it has become more or less accepted as fact. But is it true? Try telling it to the Team Strategists and see their response.
Far from discounting testing time analysis as meaningless, every team in the pitlane pores over the data as it emerges in order to build up a picture of the competitive pecking order. Using techniques that have been built up over a number of seasons it is possible to figure out, with surprising accuracy, what lies beneath the headline laptimes that we see during winter testing.
It is true, of course, that the strategists face a considerable string of unknowns. Fuel load, engine mode, tyre performance and driver pushing level play havoc with the laptimes and all of them are either unknown, or partially known. However, testing times are far from meaningless. If you look at them long enough, they gradually give up their secrets.
We start from things we do know. We know the lap time. We know the number of laps. We know (with good accuracy) the fuel that will be burnt in every lap. We know (from our simulations) how much faster a car will go with each lap of fuel that it burns. We also know (with adequate accuracy) how much slower a tyre will get with every racing lap that it is subjected to. We have estimates of the laptime difference between all the tyre compounds which gradually get more and more accurate as the test proceeds. With this in our hands, we can start to calculate things.
Although it might seem strange, the habits of teams are quite sticky. They tend to do similar things each year. Most people will run three fuel levels: a lower fuel load for performance, a medium fuel load for the bulk of their work, and full tanks for their race simulations. For each team, these three levels are different, but, weirdly, they don't vary much from year to year. Our opening guesses will assume that each team will do the same as they did the year before.
If you have a set of test times for the grid, and you have a set of opening assumptions (guesses) for which one of these three fuel loads each car has run, then you can convert the raw leaderboard into a pecking order. Of course, this first estimate is very inaccurate. The resulting pecking order is largely a reflection of the quality of the opening round of guesses – If you thought a team was on, say, 50kg, when, in reality they were on 100kg, then you will seriously underestimate their pace.
However, as the runs keep coming and the days unfold, this estimate is progressively refined using a simple method to keep adjusting the lower bound of the fuel that must be in the car. We do this by counting the laps. If a car does a 10 lap run, then we know that a lap consumes (say) 1.7kg, then there must have been at least 17kg of fuel in the car to do that run. In reality, teams do not like to run down to fumes in normal testing, so it is more likely that there was at least 27kg of fuel in the car. If our prior assumption was that this team normally runs 50kg for general testing, then we will adjust our initial guess to say that the car was likely to have somewhere between 27kg and 50kg of fuel in the car. Once a team has done a load of running, this estimate gets surprisingly accurate.
If we see a car jump up or down in pace by meaningful amount, then we will tentatively conclude that this was a jump to one of the other fuel loads. For example, if it gets a chunk faster, we can assume that this was an adjustment to the "performance" level for a run that will be nearer to a qualifying effort.
The real insight comes when a team attempts a race distance. Doing a full race distance with pit-stop style tyre changes implies that the team must have its tanks near to full. This narrows the error in our estimates dramatically, allowing race times to be compared more or less directly.
Alongside the gradual capture of the testing fuel levels, the strategists are watching the speed and acceleration traces that come from the GPS system to look for changes in PU power. As the teams cycle through the power modes, we can get estimates of what power levels are available to each type of PU, and when they have been employed. This allows us to refine the pace estimates for each team, correcting for the mode usage in each run.
At the end of the first day, a hazy pattern is present. By the end of the first test, that pattern comes into better focus.
What, then, can we say about the leaderboard after three days? This is where life gets tricky because all these estimates are lower bound estimates. You can say with some confidence that your competitors are "at least as fast as X", but you do not know for sure how much faster they could have gone. No-one wants the egg on their face of claiming that they are faster than another team, because they can never know for certain what was hidden or what is coming next. For example, will Red Bull bring a significant upgrade package to the second test? Why have Ferrari spent this test running their PU consistently at much lower levels than their partner teams?
What we can say is that we predict the battle in Melbourne at the front is going to be tight. We can also see that the midfield have closed on the front and that there is some considerable midfield swing compared to last year's competitive order. Testing times are not meaningless, they are a goldmine, if you're prepared to sift through them with care and caution until a clear picture begins to emerge...


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Golden Fleece > Lost Word
craftsman's art and music's measure
the search for truth
In freemasonry, the search for the lost word is essentially a search for truth.
Medieval craft guilds had always carefully guarded the secrets of their occupation. The transmission of this knowledge to the next generation was one of the main activites of the each guild. Encouraged by Franciscan friars, each craft guild presented a story from the Bible related to their occupation, which developed into the medieval mystery plays
The recovery of technology lost after the fall of Rome was of vital interest to these guilds. The development of new technolgy such as printing also occurred within the framework of these guilds.
During the 15th century the rediscovery of ancient writings encouraged scholars to learn Greek in order to discover the meaning of these lost words. The recovery of lost truth from ancient writings generated a popular interest in the search for hidden truth in nature.
As more people were able to read Greek and New Testaments in Greek were printed, there was a growing debate about the translation of the Bible into the language of the people. The idea of reading a text in the original language in which it was written and translating it into the language of the people focussed attention on Hebrew.
In regular freemasonry, the English Bible, translated from the orginal languages of Greek and Hebrew became the focus of attention in lodges. The most popular English Bible was the Geneva Bible, which was first printed in 1560 and had more than 160 editions being printed as late as 1644. This was the Bible of William Shakespeare, John Bunyan and the Puritans. It was the first Bible to be divided into verses.
The recovery of the lost word, which had been preserved in Hebrew characters and letters was possible because Christian and Jewish scholars were able to set aside their differences and work together on the task of translation.
The search for truth brings together people with different religious and political opinions in a common quest based on mutual respect.
Copyright © 2001-2009 The Fleece. All rights reserved.


21st March: World Poetry Day
Poetry reminds us that no barriers exist between humans, when hearts beat as one. With the celebration of World Poetry Day, UNESCO reaffirms the power of poetry in capturing the creative spirit of the human mind and its being an essential artistic expression, which allows our societies to regain and assert their identities.


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|Uploaded:||February 13, 2011|
|Updated:||February 13, 2011|
Birds, birds, and even more birds, is what we will be working on today. There is a bird that is known by two names, a raven, and a crow. This is not going to be the first raven or crow that I will be making a lesson out of. The fact is I have a cartoon crow, and a raven that can be found in the bird section under the animal's category. So today I will teach you once again "how to draw a crow", step by step. I really wanted to make another crow lesson because there really isn't too many helpful tips that can teach you how to make a crow the right way. Hopefully this tutorial is going to show you how it's done, and when you are finished, you will have the ability to making a perfect crow in flight. This bird species is nothing more than a scavenger bird, but that doesn't mean we have to draw them to appear that way. I started being an admirer of the crow when the movie The Crow was released or when I first seen the flick. After that, I thought they were incredibly cool birds that had the ability to become something more. I hope you like this tutorial on "how to draw a crow", especially since there are helpful tips, and examples included before you actually get to the lesson. Peace out people, and be sure to have a fun drawing day.


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What is Taking Action?
CCIS believes that the adoption of invasive species prevention best practices that encourages the public to get involved, change their behaviours, and start taking action will result in the reduction of introduction and spread of invasive species. This approach is based on the principles and theory of Community Based Social Marketing (CBSM), which is described as:
"Initiatives delivered at the community level that focus on removing barriers to an activity while simultaneously enhancing the activities' benefits."
— Doug McKenzie-Mohr, Ph. D. from "Quick Reference: Community-Based Social Marketing"
See Take Action Programs for Canada for more details/case studies on specific national programs being developed based on the principles of Community Based Social Marketing. Read more below about the principles and theory behind CBSM, and key components to an effective CBSM plan:
Community Based Social Marketing – Principles and Theory
Traditional marketing often is focused at creating awareness. Many of the measures of traditional marketing success are awareness measurement analytics – examples include: number of promotion pieces distributed, number of people to an event, number of subscribers to a magazine a particular advertisement has been placed in, etc. Unfortunately, there is not a direct correlation between awareness and having people actually moving to the next step of the desired action.
A classic example of this lack of correlation between awareness and taking action can be found examining blood donation in Canada. The Canadian Blood Services survey data has determined that: 97% of people are aware of blood donation; additionally they also understand and agree that donating giving blood is critically important. However, on average, only 3% of people in Canada actually donate blood. This is the challenge between creating awareness verses motivating people into changing their behaviour so they start taking action.
Key Definitions associated with CBSM:
- Social Marketing - Social marketing is the systematic application of marketing, along with other concepts and techniques, to achieve specific behavioral goals for a social good. Social marketing can be applied to promote merit goods, or to make a society avoid demerit goods and thus to promote society's well-being as a whole. For example, this may include asking people not to smoke in public areas, asking them to use seat belts, or prompting to make them follow speed limits or to stop behaviors that are spreading invasive species (Source: Wikipedia).
- Branding - Branding is critical component of creating a common consistent recognizable and repeatable message and is an important part in developing and delivering effective programs. A brand is the idea or image of a specific product or program that the target audience (consumers) connect with, by identifying the name, logo, slogan or design of the organization who owns the idea or image. Brand recognition also builds organization reputation and sets a standard to which the organization should strive to maintain or surpass. CCIS recognizes the importance and value of having commonly recognized aligned brands and programs across Canada. Across Canada, Council's members will work to build common national education and awareness approaches to help improve consistent messaging and effective programs. Over time, the goal is to have a rich range of resources that are used across Canada with key target audiences.
- Measurement methodology - for measuring changes for target audiences - Measurement of behaviour change is important for determining effectiveness of programs. Surveys have been used successfully in the past to measure changes in awareness and in targeted behaviours by comparing baseline pre-program data to data after the program has been implemented. Positive behaviour change has shown to be successfully achieved after implementation of the Stop Aquatic Hitchhikers program in the US. This was one of the first invasive species programs developed specifically using CBSM principles.
7 Key Components to an Effective Community Based Social Marketing Plan:
- Identify a mandate – mission statement. Why are you doing this?
- Research – get some background on your project.
- Survey - Next, survey your audience.
- Pilot the Project - try it out – smaller scale means less expense before you go for full deployment.
- Build - you know what you want to build – what tools do you need to do it?
f. Remove Barriers/obstacles
- Deploy Social media vehicles with traditional vehicles:
a. Wired and non-wired. E-banners, bulletins, newsletters, Facebook, Twitter, Yammer, Wiki's, Blogs.....non wired – guerrilla tactics, door to door, in the malls focus testing
b. Focus group test again – control group receives no prompts/intervention while the other group receives the social prompts. Randomly assign households/individuals to either group.
- Measure, measure, measure
Note: Full deployment is ready once focus groups have effectively changed their behaviour. Failure to identify barriers and benefits will often result in a program that either has a diminished impact or no impact at all (Doug McKenzie-Mohr)
CCIS has developed an Action Plan that identifies key priorities for managing invasive species in Canada through changing behaviour, including national education and awareness goals and objectives.
National invasive species management programs and initiatives are based on key pathways for the introduction and spread invasive species across Canada.
Across Canada, many of the programs that have been implemented in the past several years have been based on using the principles of Community Based Social Marketing (CBSM) and targeted at changing specific behaviours of individuals.


Crowds and Power
Crowds and Power is a 1960 book by Elias Canetti
Elias Canetti
, dealing with the dynamics of crowds and "packs" and the question of how and why crowds obey rulers. Canetti draws a parallel between ruling and paranoia
Paranoia [] is a thought process believed to be heavily influenced by anxiety or fear, often to the point of irrationality and delusion. Paranoid thinking typically includes persecutory beliefs, or beliefs of conspiracy concerning a perceived threat towards oneself...
. Also, the memoirs of Daniel Paul Schreber
Daniel Paul Schreber
Daniel Paul Schreber was a German judge who suffered from what was then diagnosed as dementia praecox. He described his second mental illness, making also a brief reference to the first illness in his book Memoirs of My Nervous Illness...
 are analyzed with an implicit critique of Sigmund Freud
Sigmund Freud
Sigmund Freud, born Sigismund Schlomo Freud, was an Austrian neurologist who founded the discipline of psychoanalysis...
The book was translated from the German by Carol Stewart in 1962.


land on the roof so it should be treated before drinking.
 - Seawater is a special class of surface water, in that it contains enough dissolved salt to be unfit to drink untreated. Distillation and reverse osmosis (RO) are the only good methods of making seawater drinkable, and there are several units designed for this purpose out there.
 - Brackish water refers to the water found where fresh water streams mix with seawater and should be treated as seawater. By the time the water in a river makes it to the sea it has picked up all of the run-off and discharges upstream and it will need a very good filter to clean it up.
Groundwater is the water trapped or contained in the soil between the surface and the bedrock of an area. Groundwater sources are recharged by water seeping through the soil and porous rock above it, and the water is filtered in the process: if water can travel through a few inches of ceramic and come out clean, then a few feet of soil and then a few yards of rock will have the same effect. Ground water recharge takes time, though, which varies with the local weather patterns and the make-up of the geology underfoot. Dirt and rocks are capable of desalinating sea water -- if given enough of the right type of rocks and enough pressure.
Photo my own work and copyrighted
If you see a windmill or irrigation system, you will find a well attached. The old windmills may not be working, but if you see a center pivot irrigation system in the field, it is hooked up to a good well. Irrigation systems are fed by pumps run on electricity or an internal combustion engine (usually with a large fuel tank or propane tank next to the motor).
If you have the time and equipment to dig, drill, or drive a well, then you'll need to know if you have a chance of hitting water. The well-drillers around my area have always kept detailed records of their successes and failures at finding water, and pass that information on to each other. If you need to know how far you'd have to dig or drill to find water, try checking this page. Dowsing is another option, but would be best attempted before an emergency.
Photo my own work and copyrighted
If your water table is close to the surface -- within 20 or 30 feet -- a simple well is easily driven with a "sand point", some pipe and a sledge hammer. Instructions are available online, and the parts can be ordered or purchased at farm supply or plumbing supply store.
Groundwater comes pre-filtered by the soil that it had to percolate through, so it will be free of most of the biological contaminants unless your well is open enough for animals to enter. You can get by with a slightly less efficient biological filter (or no filter at all) depending on the quality of the source. I grew up drinking water from a well and the only reason we ever wanted to treat it at all was to remove the iron and lime content. The chemical filtration step (carbon or RO) becomes more important with shallow wells, especially in areas where agricultural chemicals are used, there are leaking underground storage tanks, or industrial chemicals have been stored/dumped. In general, the deeper the well is, the cleaner the water will likely be. Sand point wells are commonly used for livestock and irrigation purposes in areas where the water table is high, but drinking it untreated may expose you to chemicals and pollutants because the water doesn't have as much soil to travel through.
Deep Water
Water that is below impermeable bedrock or clay is "deep" water. Usually part of an underground aquifer this water has been where it is for thousands of years, cut off from exposure to the air and any other source of contamination. Drilling through several layers of rock to reach this deep water usually takes professional equipment and several thousand dollars, but will provide a source of clean water for many years. The deeper the well, the harder it will be to draw the water up to the surface. Without electricity for a submersible pump, deep wells need good hand pumps to be useful. Bison Pumps have gotten good reviews, but I have no personal experience with them.
Deep wells will provide water that needs no filtration unless the aquifer itself has been contaminated. This is possible through blown-out oil/natural gas wells, severe earthquakes, and other things that may occur in a major catastrophe.
Trapped or Stored Water
Water that is locked up inside plants or left in pipes/containers is what I call "trapped" water.
Plants filter water by drawing groundwater through pores in their roots and carrying up into the body of the plant. The pores and capillaries inside most plants are small enough to filter out bacteria but not chemicals, and a lot of plants will actually concentrate metals in their flesh. Depending on the metals in question this can be good or bad; magnesium, iron, and calcium are good for your body but lead, arsenic, and mercury would be bad. Plants found in the wild would be safer to use than some random weed growing on top of a landfill or next to a factory building. Know the plants in your area and avoid the poisonous ones.
Cactus plants store water, as do the other succulents, and make a handy source of emergency water. Eating or tapping a cactus is pretty straightforward and has been covered in desert survival instructions for many years.
Foliage (leaves) are another plant source of water. Plants lose water through their leaves in a process known as "transpiration", where water evaporates from the leaves into the surrounding air. Wrapping a clear, clean plastic bag around a tree branch overnight will provide a little bit of water for drinking. Another method is to place cut plants into a solar still and collect the moisture produced as they dehydrate.
Water trapped in pipes or containers is usually water that has been treated by a municipal plant or came from a well that is no longer under pressure. If used within a reasonable amount of time (a few weeks for most sources) no treatment will be needed. However, once it has sat stagnant for a long while, it will start to absorb materials from the container or pipes that it is sitting in, and any bacteria present has a good chance of reproducing and reaching levels of contamination that may be dangerous.
Bottled water is usually treated with ozone or run through an RO unit (drinking water vs, purified water) and will last months on the shelf, but it can leach chemicals from the plastic bottle into the water. Toilet tanks (not the bowl!) hold 3 to 5 gallons of water; water heaters hold 30 to 50 gallons of water; and standard ½ inch water pipes contain a gallon of water in about 100 feet of pipe (this chart gives values for other pipe sizes). Since the water is trapped, you'll probably need to open the pipe/container at top (vent) and bottom (drain) to get the water out.
Fresh Water
Fresh water is captured rainwater, snow melt, or other source of condensation or precipitation. Unless your collection system is contaminated, or the air itself is unsafe, this is the best source of water as it needs no treatment. Ice harvested from a frozen lake or river is clean enough to drink once melted, as is freshly fallen snow.
These are the main sources that I think about when I think of water. I haven't given any brands or suggestions for a specific situation because I am not able to test your water sources and then test the resulting water in a proper manner. I am also not getting paid by the makers of water filters, so I am not going to promote any one brand over the other. Check the specifications, reviews, and the maker's claims and compare more than one brand before you buy. You are going to have to do your own research and figure out what treatment method makes the most sense for your situation. If you have question about specific methods, let me know and I will do what I can to help clarify things for you.
Wednesday, January 21, 2015
Prudent Prepping: Planning for the Likely Disaster
Planning for Disaster:
What if the emergency you have
isn't the one you're prepared to have?
Since the contributers to Blue Collar Prepping live in different areas of the United States (with a bit of overlap), our topics will of course vary according to regional necessity. However, we all have a common element of planning for our families and friends, as shown below:
 - Erin (Florida) has hurricanes, tornadoes and fires.
 - Tim and Renee (Midwest) have tornadoes, low temperatures and fires.
 - Lokidude (Utah)has low temperatures and fires.
 - Evelyn and I (California) have earthquakes, landslides (if it rains enough) and fires.
See anything in common?
What if you hear "Fire!"?
Let's get one thing out of the way right now: I am not going to be putting out any fires bigger than a Weber BBQ, even if I have larger than normal extinguishers available.
That is not my first job.
When my planned disaster (earthquake) hits, my first job is to get family and neighbors out of the area, then secure our gear, then alert the authorities and then maybe think about fire fighting.
The best way to fight fires is to fight them before they happen:
 - Secure all appliances to prevent movement that might break gas lines or wiring.
 - Look at ceiling fans and suspended light fixtures. Make sure the proper fan brackets are installed and are rated to support the weight of the fan.
 - Store


text:
BTWSC in association with African Histories Revisted, focus their two 2013 NARM African British histories on commemorating the 50th anniversary of the Paul Stephenson-led Bristol Bus Boycott, and the 100th anniversary of the election of London's first African mayor John Archer.
Although the audio-visual presentations can be delivered separately for youths, adults and inter-generational audiences, the programme launches at Gayton library with a combined presentation. It consists of:
1. Paul Stephenson & The Bristol Bus Boycott
An audio-visual presentation led by history consultant Kwaku with primary source material highlighting the fact that there was a bus boycott in Britain in 1963. It's an accessible family-friendly presentation, which will also point out the connections with cricket, the first race relations law, Tony Benn, newly "independent" Caribbean states, and Martin Luther King's 'I Have A Dream Speech'.
2. John Archer & Black Politics
An audio-visual presentation led by history consultant Kwaku that goes beyond the fact that John Archer became London's first African mayor in 1913. It's an accessible family-friendly presentation, which will show that besides being a councillor, he was a Labour party activist whose successful collaboration with an Asian parliamentary candidate sowed the seeds of the party's Black Sections over half a century earlier. An attendee of the 1900 pan-African conference, he was talking about issues such as reparations, long before it took hold in the 1990s.
For more details, or to commission a presentation: Awula Sewrwah, _EMAIL_, _URL_


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Using your own data type with Akonadi
Tutorial Series Akonadi Tutorial
Previous C++, Qt, KDE development environment
What's Next
Further Reading CMake, Akonadi Development Tools
This tutorial will guide you through the steps of creating an Akonadi application, an end user program which displays and manipulates PIM data provided by Akonadi.
If you are looking for a tutorial on how to provide data for Akonadi see the Akonadi Resource Tutorial
This section needs improvements: Please help us to
cleanup confusing sections and fix sections which contain a todo
Describe required versions and build setup
Tutorial Example
The goal of the tutorial is to create a simple application allowing a user to "detach" attachments from e-mails, i.e. save them to disk and remove them from the message.
To stay concentrated on Akonadi related steps, all general application or GUI related steps will done in a minimal fashion.
We can kick-start the application by using KAppTemplate, which can be found as KDE template generator in the development section of the K-menu, or by running kapptemplate in a terminal window.
First, we select the KDE4 GUI Application in the C++ section of the program, give our project a name and continue through the following pages to complete the template creation.
A look at the generated project top level directory shows us the following files:
and the following files in sub directory src:
At this stage it is already possible to compile the application, so we can already check if our development environment is setup correctly by creating the build directory and having CMake either generate Makefiles or a KDevelop project file.
Generating Makefiles
From within the generated top level directory:
mkdir build
cd build
cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=debugfull..
and run the build using make as usual.
Generating a KDevelop project file
From within the generated top level directory:
mkdir build
cd build
cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=debugfull -G KDevelop3..
and open the generated project with KDevelop and run the build process from there.
Adjusting the main Qt Designer file
Open the file detacherview_base.ui in Qt Designer and remove the example label. Remove the widget's main layout by clicking on the now empty widget and use the Break Layout menu entry in the Form menu.
Now, from left to right, place two Tree Views and one List Widget side-by-side. Select all three boxes by holding SHIFT and clicking each box with the left mouse button. Use Layout Horizontally in a Splitter in the Form menu and then create a main layout by clicking on their parent widget and using Layout Vertically in the Form menu.
A preview (Form -> Preview) should now look like this: TutorialAkonadiDetacherPreview.png
Finally, change the object names for the three widgets by right clicking it and choosing Change objectName. The left widget should be named folderView, the middle one messageView and the right one attachmentList.
In order to make it build again, edit the file detacherview.cpp and remove the code from the settingsChanged method. The application should now build again and be able to run.
A lot of other code of this generated files is not necessary either, feel free to do more cleanup yourself.
Promoting Views
The KDE client library for Akonadi has a couple of convenience classes which make our life as application developers more pleasant. Two of these classes are specialized view widgets, one for displaying collections and one for displaying items.
In order to use these widgets instead of ones from Qt we need to use a Qt Designer feature called "promoting". Right click the left widget and choose Promote to. Then fill the form like shown in the next screenshot.
Click add and promote. Repeat the same for the middle widget, this time using Akonadi::ItemView as the class name and akonadi/itemview.h for the header file.
This change also requires a change in the CMakeLists.txt file in the top level directory and in the one from the source directory.
In the file from the top level directory add the following line
find_package (KdepimLibs REQUIRED)
and change
include_directories( ${KDE4_INCLUDES} ${QT_INCLUDES} )
In the file from the source directory the line
target_link_libraries(detacher ${KDE4_KDEUI_LIBS})
has to be changed to
target_link_libraries(detacher ${KDE4_KDEUI_LIBS} ${KDEPIMLIBS_AKONADI_LIBS})
Since the application will depend on Akonadi running, we can ensure this by starting it if it is not. This is handled by the Akonadi::Control class.
In detacher.h we add another slot called delayedInit() which will perform this initialization. A slot so we can delay its executing using a single shot timer, a technique called "Delayed Initialization", i.e. letting the application create and show its GUI as fast as possible and do any probably time consuming initialization after that.
private slots:
 void fileNew();
 void optionsPreferences();
 void delayedInit();
In detacher.cpp we need two new include directives:
_TAG_
_TAG_
and the slot's implementation
void Detacher::delayedInit()
 if (!Akonadi::Control::start( this ) ) {
 qApp->exit( -1 );
If the application fails to start Akonadi, it simply quits. A real application should probably tell the user about that though.
Since we want the slot to be executed delayed, add the following line at the end of the class' constructor
QTimer::singleShot( 0, this, SLOT( delayedInit() ) );
Lets add a new public method to the view class. In detacherview.h add
void createModels();
and for now with an empty body in detacherview.cpp (we will get to the implementation shortly)
void DetacherView::createModels()
and call it from Detacher::delayedInit() after the Akonadi start succeeded
void Detacher::delayedInit()
 qApp->exit( -1 );
Connecting Views to Akonadi
The actual data connection between our views and Akonadi is conveniently handled by specialized models which are also provided by the KDE client library for Akonadi.
Actually, the data type the application will be working on, MIME messages, has an even further specialized model in a type specific sub library.
To properly link this additional library change the source directory's CMakeLists.txt to this target_link_libraries(detacher ${KDE4_KDEUI_LIBS} ${KDEPIMLIBS_AKONADI_LIBS} ${KDEPIMLIBS_AKONADI_KMIME_LIBS})
In 'detacherview.cpp add the following include directives
_TAG_
_TAG_
_TAG_
With that we can now properly implement the createModels() method:
void DetacherView::createModels()
 Akonadi::CollectionModel *collectionModel = new Akonadi::CollectionModel( this );
 Akonadi::CollectionFilterProxyModel *filterModel = new Akonadi::CollectionFilterProxyModel( this );
 filterModel->setSourceModel( collectionModel );
 filterModel->addMimeTypeFilter( QLatin1String( "message/rfc822" ) );
 Akonadi::ItemModel *itemModel = new Akonadi::MessageModel( this );
 ui_detacherview_base.folderView->setModel( filterModel );
 ui_detacherview_base.messageView->setModel( itemModel );
 connect( ui_detacherview_base.folderView, SIGNAL( currentChanged( Akonadi::Collection ) ),
 itemModel, SLOT( setCollection( Akonadi::Collection ) ) );
The first line creates a CollectionModel which will get all "folders" from Akonadi and keep this data updated as long as the application is running.
However, since this includes collections for other data types as well, we need to filter for the data type we are interested in, MIME messages or in terms of MIME type message/rfc822. This kind of filtering is conveniently supplied in the form of a proxy model called CollectionFilterProxyModel.
The next model, MessageModel is an ItemModel specialized in dealing with our data type, messages.
Setting the models on the respective view almost completes the setup process, the only thing left is to connect the CollectionView to the MessageModel so it changes its data depending on which folder gets selected.
At this stage the application is already capable of showing all your mail folders and headers of all your e-mails!
Getting at the Attachments
This task can be split into two steps:
 - Getting the message from Akonadi
 - Getting the attachments from the message
Getting the message from Akonadi
While we could have instructed the MessageModel to get all data for each of its entries, the proper way is to retrieve it only for the items that get selected. Moreover we want to do this asynchronously because we don't want to block the application even is a message is really huge.
The KDE client library for Akonadi offers this kind of functionality through a job-based API, in this case ItemFetchJob.
Using this is quite simple. First we add a new include and a class forward declaration for detacherview.h
_TAG_
class KJob;
In the private member section add an Item member:
 Ui::detacherview_base ui_detacherview_base;
 Akonadi::Item mItem;
and


text:
|Authors: ||S. Spiegel, R.R. Martin|
Determining the virological status of in vitro grown rosaceous plant material requires, in most cases, removing plantlets from test tubes and growing them out in a greenhouse to fully developed plants which are then indexed by grafting onto virus indicator plants.
Detection of strawberry mild yellow-edge disease (SMYE), among other virus diseases, in strawberry plantlets grown in vitro has followed this procedure.
This is a time-consuming process which causes delays in the release of plant material to breeders and/or growers.
Two approaches were made to detect virus directly in plantlets grown in vitro: a) Leaves were excised, under axenic conditions, from known infected plantlets and grafted onto greenhouse-grown Fragaria vesca indicators.
Following a protocol which resulted in high graft survival, indicators showed typical SMYE symptoms within 20–25 days. b) To detect the filamentous particles associated with SMYE in plantlets grown in vitro by immunosorbent electron microscopy.
Rod-shaped particles were trapped from homogenates of infected plantlets and not from healthy plants by the antiserum made against an expressed fusion protein.
This polypeptide consisted of the putative coat protein of the potexvirus associated with SMYE fused to glutathione transferase in the GEX-1 expression vector.
Blind tests performed with known-infected plantlets from five countries gave positive results consistently.
These results were later confirmed by grafting onto indicators.
It was also found that the concentration of particles in leaf homogenates was higher than in root homogenates.
Download Adobe Acrobat Reader (free software to read PDF files)
URL _URL_ Hosted by KU Leuven


Ryker Bailey in the US
 1. #78,570,546 Ryker Acuna
 2. #78,570,547 Ryker Alonzo
 3. #78,570,548 Ryker Andersen
 4. #78,570,549 Ryker Anderson
 5. #78,570,550 Ryker Bailey
 6. #78,570,551 Ryker Barrett
 7. #78,570,552 Ryker Benzley
 8. #78,570,553 Ryker Berns
 9. #78,570,554 Ryker Blair
person in the U.S. has this name View Ryker Bailey on Whitepages Raquote 8eaf5625ec32ed20c5da940ab047b4716c67167dcd9a0f5bb5d4f458b009bf3b
Meaning & Origins
The meaning of this name is unavailable
27,872nd in the U.S.
English: 1. status name for a steward or official, Middle English bail(l)i (Old French baillis, from Late Latin baiulivus, an adjectival derivative of baiulus 'attendant', 'carrier' 'porter'). 2. topographic name for someone who lived by the outer wall of a castle, Middle English bail(l)y, baile 'outer courtyard of a castle', from Old French bail(le) 'enclosure', a derivative of bailer 'to enclose', a word of unknown origin. This term became a place name in its own right, denoting a district beside a fortification or wall, as in the case of the Old Bailey in London, which formed part of the early medieval outer wall of the city. 3. habitational name from Bailey in Lancashire, named with Old English beg 'berry' + lēah 'woodland clearing'. 4. Anglicized form of French Bailly.
64th in the U.S.
Nicknames & variations
Top state populations


text:
The Fall issue of CONTACT, a quarterly publication of the Steinhardt Foundation for Jewish Life, delves into the issue of leadership in our Jewish community.
from the editor's introduction:
In the Jewish community, the concept of leadership often conjures thoughts of professional development, management training, or the relationship between lay leaders and professionals. What is often lost is the larger question of what constitutes genuine leadership, and what attributes the Jewish community needs in its leaders.
What exactly is leadership? Why do Jewish movements, both historically and in contemporary times, often rely on charismatic individuals as agents of change? Are individual leaders necessary to propel movements into motion, and if so, what qualities of leadership are both effective and consistent with Jewish values?
How much is leadership defined solely by management skills, and to what degree does it rely on the ability to articulate and embody a vision that will inspire the community? Finally, does leadership come with negative aspects that are sometimes overlooked in the community's search for guiding lights? What can we do to safeguard against the kinds of abuse that are frequently linked to leadership abilities?
This issue of CONTACT explores leadership from a wide variety of angles. Throughout, the goal is to identify the attributes that might help the community steer a course of cultural and communal renaissance. From definitions of good and bad leadership to analyses of how the community might recruit leaders from less represented groups, the articles here present a compelling portrait of the needs, challenges and potentials of Jewish leadership today.


text:
Help > Getting Started with Commander
To get started quickly with Commander, you should perform the following primary tasks
For release notes and installation information, see Setup.
- Configure Active Directory Integration and/or Configure LDAP Integration
Integrate with directory services for Commander user accounts and for assignment of owners to specific resources.
- Configure Email Integration (SMTP)
Allow email notification for scheduled reports, service request policy alerts, and application lifecycle management alerts.
- Create Organizations
Create distinct organizations for your users. This allows you to segregate data for different consumer groups, set up distinct cloud automation configurations, and delegate administrative tasks.
- Add Cloud Accounts to Commander
Add a cloud account. This can be an AWS, GCP, Kubernetes, Azure, Microsoft SCVMM, or VMware vCenter cloud account. You can also add a Terraform workspace to Commander.
- Set Resource Ownership with Policies
Assign resource ownership to organizations and users, so that costs are properly allocated.
- Retrieve Public Cloud Billing Data or vCenter Historical Events
Retrieve additional information from your public and private clouds for use in reporting, trending, and cloud expense management.
- Sync Public Cloud Tags and Commander Custom Attributes
Sync tags and attributes for Tag Compliance Policy enforcement, reporting, and power schedule recommendations.
- Repeat steps 4-7 for each cloud account.
After going through the above steps for each cloud account, consider doing the following:
- Learn about Commander role-base access control and determine what access to give administrators and service users. See Commander Access Control
- Go through the basic cloud automation steps to configure a user self-service request process. See Getting Started with Cloud Automation.
- Learn about the configuration steps required to begin managing cloud expenses through Commander. See Get started with cloud expense management.