Beverly Hosford by Beverly Hosford
Imagine yourself walking down a decorated aisle with ceremonial music playing in the background. All of your friends and family are sitting on either side of you. When you get to the altar, facing you is a full-length mirror framed with beautiful flowers. It's time to say your vows, to yourself. What promises would your body want to hear?
Perhaps it would go something like this: "I promise to love and cherish you, nourishing you with healthy food and taking you out for regular exercise sessions. I'll make sure you get plenty of rest and keep you hydrated." It might sound cheesy, but there are many analogies between marriage, wedding ceremonies and your commitment to fitness.
Breaking Vows With Yourself
A vow is a promise or an oath. People make commitments every day and yet they get broken or need to be renewed. Have you ever broken an exerciseor nutrition-related promise to yourself? We all have! The relationship you have with yourself and your body is one of the most valuable in your life, yet it is easily taken for granted.
The old saying goes, "You can't love others until you love yourself." When you're feeling your best, you perform better at work, care for your family more lovingly and give back to your community.
Work your way through the following activities to renew your vows and improve your relationship with fitness.
Making Vows More Solid
The first key to having good health vows is stating them aloud. Even better, write them down. It's easier to break a promise when it's made casually. Set a timer for 30 minutes and write down vows to your body. Make the commitment in writing.
Use these questions to help you get started:
 - How does my body support my daily life?
 - How does my body want to feel?
 - What foods make my body feel the way it wants to feel?
 - How much daily exercise makes my body feel its best?
 - When do I feel most energized and happy?
Now, have some fun and read your vows aloud in the mirror.
Creating Vows With Meaning
Everyone knows they should do cardio, lift weights and be flexible, but there's more to it than that. Strong health vows need to have deep and personal meaning. The reasons underpinning one's exercise efforts are different for each person. The better you understand your own desires to be fit, the more committed you'll be.
Answer these questions (bonus for writing them down):
 - Why do I exercise?
 - How does exercise benefit me specifically?
 - What are the outcomes of exercise that are most important to me?
 - What meals give me the most energy and focus?
 - Why do I want to have energy?
After answering each question, read your response aloud and ask yourself, "Why?" For example, if you exercise because it keeps your weight down, ask yourself why that's important and see what comes to mind. We all have surface reasoning for exercising, but sometimes we need to dig for the deeper meaning.
As in marriage, knowing why the relationship is important helps get you through tough times. For example, you generally love your partner or your kids. Recognizing the specific joy they bring to your life as individuals is what keeps you bonded to one another through thick and thin.
When you contemplate the true value of being fit, as it pertains to you personally, it becomes easier to stick with your exercise habits, even on the days when you don't feel like it.
Sharing Vows With Others
Couples gather their loved ones together at weddings because it's fun, makes it more real and enables them to make a public commitment to one another. It's harder to break a promise when you have a solid support community. With this in mind, it's time to send some invites.
Write down a list:
 - Who would you invite to your "health vows ceremony"?
 - Who do you know that exhibits consistently healthy habits?
 - Who could you invite to a weekly walk, hike or bike ride?
 - What fitness classes (aerobics, dance, weights) would you enjoy attending?
 - What type of activity group (hiking, biking) could you join?
Now, make some phone calls and get together with supportive people for a walk or inquire about local classes you can join. Exercising with others makes it feel like a team effort instead of you verses your workout, week after week. Take action now!
Celebrating Your Vows
People celebrate their months, years and decades of marriage. These milestones keep them enthusiastic about the hard work they do to stay happy. Set weekly or monthly fitness goals for yourself, so that you can keep the vows you've made. Consider hiring a personal trainer or health coach to conduct fitness assessments with you to help set your goals.
The benefits of daily movement—such as enhanced mood, better sleep and improved energy—are not easily measured. Instead, set a time goal for each week. Choose how many minutes of exercise to do or how many steps to take (using a pedometer).
Again, write down your goals:
 - What are your weekly and monthly goals for fitness?
 - What can you do to celebrate your health goals?
 - How often do you want to celebrate and with whom?
Take an oath with your own body and enhance the one relationship that supports everything else in your life.


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Author: Mike Mavrigian
Format: Softcover, 192 pages
Engines are built to fall within a wide set of standard and specifications, and often are not optimised. Of course, this is not ideal for high-performance engines. To maximize the performance of any engine, it must be balanced and blueprinted to the exact tolerances. Four cylinder, V-8, American or import, the performance of all engine is greatly improved by balancing and blueprinting. This book will explain and illustrates the most discriminating engine building techniques, so the engine is perfectly balanced, matched, and optimised. 192 Pages, 500 colour images and charts.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text: While the performance of girls in Science has been researched extensively in response to the perceived and real discrimination in this subject area, little research has been carried out on the gender issues relevant to Humanities areas. Crump (English in Australia December, 1988) described the performance of girls in English school-based courses noting - atypically - that, in a computer course, the self-confidence and skills of female students was higher than that of the males. In this article, we wish to explore the perceptions of Year 9 students participating in singles-sex Science project in a secondary school in a large country town (Minesville) in New South Wales. This article raises a number of gender issues for the classroom teacher. These issues have generally been overlooked as government policy - and funding - have focussed on Science and Maths. Is the de facto assumption that girls are 'doing O.K.' in the Humanities sustainable? There is a wealth of data on the experiences of girls in science-based subjects but we set out to find out how these experiences matched those in Humanities classes. While this article represents only a small sample, it is an instance of classroom interactions many English teachers will recognise and confirm.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Chanting Nam Myoho Renge Kyo
Nichiren (1222-82) established the chanting of Nam-myoho-renge-kyo as the way to awaken one's Buddha nature and tap into the deepest level of our existence, where our own lives and that of the universe are one. He first taught the invocation of the phrase to a small group at Seicho-ji temple in Awa province, Japan, on April 28, 1253.
Nam derives from the Sanskrit word namu , meaning "to devote oneself." Nichiren established the practice of chantingNam-myoho-renge-kyo as a means to enable all people to put their lives in harmony or rhythm with the Buddhist law, or Dharma. In the original Sanskrit, namu indicates the elements of action and attitude, and refers therefore to the correct action one needs to take and the attitude one needs to develop in order to attain Buddhahood in this lifetime.
The lotus flower grows and blooms in a muddy pond, and yet remains pristine and free from any defilement,symbolising the emergence of Buddhahood from within the life of an ordinary person in the midst of the struggles of day-to-day existence.
Kyo literally means sutra, the voice or teaching of a Buddha. In this sense, it also means sound, rhythm or vibration. In a broad sense kyo conveys the concept that all things in the universe are a manifestation of the Mystic Law.
SGI President Daisaku Ikeda on chanting daimoku:
"Being human, it's quite natural for our minds to wander, for all sorts of thoughts and memories to surface. [...] There is no set form or pattern for how we should pray. Buddhism emphasises being natural. Therefore, simply chant earnestly without pretence or artifice, just as you are. In time, as your faith develops, you'll naturally find it easier to focus your mind when you chant.
"It's natural for prayers to centre on your own desires and dreams. [...] By chanting very naturally, without affectation or reservation, for what you seek most of all you'll gradually come to develop a higher and more expansive life-condition. Of course, it's perfectly fine as well to chant with the resolve to become a bigger-hearted person or for the welfare of your friends and for kosen-rufu - the happiness and flourishing of all humankind."


Sun Identity Manager 8.1 Resources Reference
Example 3: Action that Follows the Deletion of a User
This procedure shows how to include an action that will run after the deletion of a user on the Active Directory resource.
ProcedureIncluding an Action that Follows the Deletion of a User
 1. Enter delete after action in the Identity Manager User Attribute column of the resource's schema map.
 2. In the Attribute Type column, select string.
 3. In the Resource User Attribute column, enter IGNORE_ATTR. Leave the Required, Audit, Read Only, and Write Only columns unchecked.
 4. Add this to the Deprovision Form user form after the tag:

 5. Create the following XML file and import into Identity Manager. (Change file paths according to your environment.)

 echo delete >> C:\Temp\%WSUSER_accountId%.txt
 6. Edit the XML for the Active Directory resource and add information to the "delete after action" schema mapping. Here is an example of a complete schema mapping for this resource with the new additions. (You will be adding the views-related information.)


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Using Diffusion Tubes
Many local councils use diffusion tubes to measure nitrogen dioxide as they are relatively cheap, easy to use, don't require any power supply and can give a good indication of air pollution levels. The low cost allows them to be used across a large area, so a picture of air pollution can be built up. Non-professionals such as environmental campaigners and schools are also using them, as the tubes require only limited attention and are easy to operate.
The tubes are small and made of plastic with a cap at each end. Inside the top end of the tube is a metal mesh disc coated with a substance that absorbs nitrogen dioxide. The absorbing substance used for nitrogen dioxide is triethanolamine (TEA). The tube is placed vertically in a holder, usually attached to something like a lamppost or drainpipe, and the bottom cap is removed allowing air to travel into the tube. When nitrogen dioxide in the atmosphere diffuses into the sampler it reacts with the TEA and is converted to nitrite. The nitrite remains in the TEA and more nitrogen dioxide diffuses into the sampler. The diffusion tube is left at the site with the bottom cap removed for a month. After this time the tube has the cap replaced and is taken to a laboratory for analysis. In the laboratory, the metal mesh is removed and washed with water. This water is collected in a small container and has special light shone through it called ultra violet light (UV). The amount of UV light the water absorbs is equivalent to the concentration of nitrogen dioxide measured in the air by the diffusion tube for that month.
In some areas, local communities are involved in positioning and changing the diffusion tubes every month. This allows the local residents access to air pollution measurements right where they live. In Sheffield, the information collected from the diffusion tubes that measure nitrogen dioxide can be found on the Sheffield Airmap website _URL_


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Swordfish – Indian Ocean
Swordfish is a large, pelagic species found throughout tropical and temperate waters around the globe. They grow at moderate rates and produce many eggs.
In the Indian Ocean, Swordfish are captured by fishing fleets from many nations including Taiwan, Spain, Pakistan and Japan. Their abundance decreased through the 1990s and early 2000s as catches increased, but current Swordfish abundance in the Indian Ocean is at a medium level.
The majority of Swordfish in the Indian Ocean are taken with pelagic longlines, and some with gillnets. These fishing gears result in minimal habitat damage, but may accidentally catch endangered and protected species like sea turtles. Regulations for Swordfish fisheries are set by the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission, but compliance with these regulations at the national level is poor.
This fish may have high levels of mercury that could pose a health risk to adults and children. More mercury info here.


marketing professionals Tag
By Mark Rose
Content creation + distribution = PR for lasting impact
Most finance companies by their nature produce steady streams of valuable content – market research, investment analysis, economic forecasts, etc. This is valuable intelligence that advisors, investors and asset managers crave. How do you get it to them? In the old days (5 years ago) you might send a letter or an email. These days finance companies have myriad opportunities through the web to distribute content that precisely targets their audience. The impact is immediate and long-lasting. Content that lives on the web increases in value over time as it is cross-referenced, searched, and accessed by a growing audience. Most of the time, these distribution channels are free. You need to know how to identify them, access them, and track the benefits.
Welcome to the new financial PR
In this equation (content creation + distribution = PR for lasting impact) the first part, content creation is the most difficult. Can you add value to the conversation about the markets, investing, the economy? If so, it's valuable to content that could be of interest to the media and your target audience. Then it becomes a matter of packaging and distributing that valuable content.


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NTRIP (Networked Transport of RTCM via Internet Protocol)
NTRIP is a protocol for streaming Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data over the Internet. Based on the Hypertext Transfer Protocol HTTP/1.1. NTRIP began as an RTCM standard designed for disseminating differential correction data (e.g in the RTCM-104 format) or other kinds of GNSS streaming data to stationary or mobile users over the Internet, allowing simultaneous PC, Laptop, PDA, or receiver connections to a broadcasting host.
NTRIP is designed to be an open non-proprietary protocol and has gained wordwide recognition as a useful means of transporting GNSS data.
Wireless Internet services and Mobile IP Networks like GSM, GPRS, EDGE, or UMTS are all quite capable of carrying NTRIP streams.
Major characteristics of Ntrip's dissemination technique are:
- Based on the popular HTTP streaming standard; comparatively easy to implement when having limited client and server platform resources available.
- Application not limited to one particular plain or coded stream content; ability to distribute any kind of GNSS data.
- Potential to support mass usage; disseminating hundreds of streams simultaneously for up to thousand users possible when applying modified Internet Radio broadcasting software.
- Considering security needs; stream providers and users don't necessarily get into contact, streams often not blocked by firewalls or proxyservers protecting Local Area Networks.
- Enables streaming over any mobile IP network because of using TCP/IP.


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Performance Task Description
Imagine that you are a highly skilled needleworker who has been given a commission by ONE of the following:
1. The King/Queen of a country of your choice and time period of your choice. You are to create a book cover for his/her treasured religious text. Use any motif that would be appropriate and would show off your knowledge of couching and chiaroscuro.
2. A children's publishing house such as Scholastic or Random House etc. would like for you to design a book cover for a hotly anticipated new release. The motif should be a whimsical children's item. Choose an appropriate motif that would show off your knowledge of couching and chiaroscuro.
3. House of Dior wants to add some punch to the cover of their 2021 Dress Catalogue. Design an appropriate motif showing off the shading you can do within folds of fabric. Choose a design motif appropriate for the task that you could stitch up using Or Nué.
4. Kew Gardens (or other world class botanical garden) would like an embroidered Or Nué piece for the cover of their new Allotment Handbook or a Plant Identification Guide. Choose an appropriate motif that would show off your knowledge of couching and chiaroscuro.
See photos below for a bit of inspiration
Everyone embarks on the design planning stage in a way that makes sense to them. Below are just a few examples of different ways that 3 needleworkers have chosen to organize and record their thinking and design planning. Organize your planning in a way that works for you.
Natalie Dupuis of Montreal:
Cynthia Jackson of Ottawa:
Lucy Barter of San Francisco from her RSN apprenticeship:
Marie Renée Otis from Quebec:


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Hunters flock to Sante Fe, Argentina for a chance to shoot rosy-billed pochards, fulvous whistling ducks and other waterfowl species for
which the province is famous. Some unlucky ducks lie in the hunters' wake, but a
less obvious impact is the pollution
the hunters' bullets bring to the region. Current
estimates put the amount of lead introduced into Santa Fe's ecosystems every
year at 10 tons.
Lead within gunshot seeps into the
environment, contaminating soil, vegetation and wildlife. But things are
looking up for the duck season ahead. A new regulation demands that hunters cut
down their lead shot usage by 25 percent. The law is Argentina's first step
against lead pollution from gunshot, but WCS hopes it will not be the last.
"The government of Santa Fe has set an
admirable precedent in the reduction of lead ammunition in the province's
hunting grounds, a move that will benefit the region's people and wildlife,"
said Dr. Robert Cook, Executive Vice President and General Director of WCS's Living
Institutions. "We encourage other states and stakeholders to begin the same
January WCS researchers began taking a closer look at how this lead exposure affects
wildlife, which sometimes ingest lead pellets. The study examines the density
of lead within the bodies of ducks, living and dead, and within the wetlands
where hunting occurs. So far, the team has collected blood samples from 24 live
ducks and tissue samples from about 300 ducks that were killed by hunters. As
expected, preliminary results show significant levels of lead in the gizzards,
blood, and bones of the ducks tested.
vegetation, and soil samples from areas with and without hunting activity are
also part of the region-wide analysis. Lead, of course, is dangerous to humans,
too, and the research assesses the threats the lead ammunition potentially
poses to human health.
"This is a huge step forward," said
WCS's Dr. Marcela Uhart, the study's principal investigator. "We commend the
government of Santa Fe for acting on the preliminary results of our study. This
is the first such regulation in the country and, hopefully, it will serve as a
model for other provinces to emulate."
For more information, see the press release.


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Races start with heats, the number of which depends on the number of swimmers in the event. Swimmers are seeded in advance and these seedings are used to determine the heat each swimmer starts in – the top seeds will be placed in different heats. Seedings are also used to determine the lane each athlete will swim in – the higher the seeding the closer to the centre lanes of the pool.
The top eight swimmers from the heats progress to the final. As in the heats, the swimmers' seedings are used to decide which lane they are allocated.
Swimming events need many officials including timekeepers, start and finish judges, stroke judges and an overall chief referee who is in charge of the competition.


Is it true that onions can absorb bacteria?
The most fascinating thing about the email that circulates about the curative properties and dangers of onions is that some people give it credence. Why would anyone believe some unsubstantiated anecdote about onions curing the flu especially when it is clear that the messenger doesn't know the difference between bacteria and viruses. And are hairdressers really reliable sources of health information. Is it plausible that an onion can draw "germs" out of the body? Of course not.
What about the allegation that onions that are out to get us! That warning has nothing to do with fouling our breath and destroying our social life. According to this email sliced raw onions are a "magnet for bacteria" and should not be stored in the fridge even for brief periods. And watch out for those onions on your hot dog, the message warns. Better to stay away from such raw onions unless you are keen to explore the protective properties of your immune system. Alright then, let's take a look at the science here. The fact is that onions are not especially prone to bacterial contamination. In fact, quite the opposite. Onions feature a variety of sulphur compounds that have antibacterial activity. (of course that doesn't mean they can in any way protect against the flu which is a viral disease) Furthermore, cutting an onion triggers the release of enzymes that initiate a chemical reaction producing propenesulfenic acid, which in turn deconmposes to yield sulphuric acid. It is the sulphuric acid that makes you cry by irritating the eyes! But sulphuric acid also inhibits the growth of bacteria. Also, a cut onion's surface dries out quickly, reducing the moisture that is needed for bacteria to multiply. And of course, to have bacteria multiply, you need some source of bacteria in the first place. Where would these come from? Bacteria are not spontaneously generated. They have to be somehow present to start with. Cutting boards and dirty hands are a possible source, but food spoilage bacteria do not become airborne, you need contact.
So unless you have sliced your onions on a contaminated cutting board, or handled them with dirty hands, you can safely put them in a plastic bag and store them and there will not be any bacterial contamination. Contamination by some sort of mould is possible, because mould spores can travel through the air. Another point is that bacteria are most likely to multiply on high protein foods and onions are devoid of protein. Lastly the terminology that onions are "bacterial magnets" makes no sense. No food attracts bacteria, although of course some are more likely to support bacterial multiplication or viral contamination once infected. Like any food, poor handling can cause problems. A couple of years ago raw green onions were fingered as the food that caused a hepatitis A outbreak in a U.S. fast food restaurant. The virus responsible was traced to onions sourced from Mexico where it may have been present in unclean irrigation water or perhaps on the hands of a worker who did not wash properly after using the facilities.
My conclusion then is that there is no reason to suggest that onions are in any way more risky than other foods and avoiding onions is not only unnecessary but unhealthy. That's because onions contain a variety of compounds that have health benefits. Fructo-oligosaccharides, for example, stimulate the growth of bifidobacteria which suppress the growth of potentially harmful bacteria in the colon. Eating onions has also been linked with a reduced risk of stomach cancer and flavonoids in onions can lower blood pressure and reduce the risk of blood clots forming. Some studies have even shown improved lung function in asthmatics who consume lots of onions. So there is certainly no reason to fear onions, just make sure you exercise the usual safe food handling techniques.
Joe Schwarcz
9 Responses to "Is it true that onions can absorb bacteria?"
 1. Garg says:
 Thanks. It is heartening to see comments. People have lost belief in others but will accept them at later time!!!!
 2. Fasi says:
 hmmm it means yes to sliced onions …..
 3. Lola MacCulloch says:
 I cannot believe for one minute left over sliced onion is poisonous. Unbelievable that anyone in this day and age would believe this.
 4. Aleric says:
 Well done! Someone was going on about the dangers of a sliced onion in the cafeteria the other day. Didn't feel like debating about it, but my other coworker and who was there that day and have been joking about it ever since. Proponents should grow a giant onion, collect all earthly bacteria thanks to those magical properties and shoot it to space. Also a good plot for a Hollywood b movie.
 - Cindy Plachinski says:
 1.2 grams of protein in an average sized onion, just because you said onions are devoid of protein.
 However, thanks for your article. I also found that onion story hard to believe. Weird stories, fun though.
 5. Makepeace says:
 Thank you Joe
 6. Bob Sannon says:
 Excelled reofporting
 7. Carol says:
 Thank you very much for posting this! I hate seeing the pseudoscience being paraded around like the truth and now I can point directly to this!
Leave a Reply
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LM10 Battery Voltage Threshold Indicator
A battery threshold indicator circuit shown in the schematic diagram below has current regulation mechanism in driving the LED. A sufficient current should be satisfied at the minimum voltage but no excessive current when the voltage is at the highest level. Balance pin (5) is used as the reference voltage for regulating the current. This pin generate 23 mV, which is internally temperature compensated.
When the voltage on the reference-feedback terminal (8) drops below 200 mV, the reference output (1) rises to supply the feedback voltage to the op amp through D2, so the LED current drops to zero. The minimum threshold voltage for these circuits is basically imited by the bias voltage for the LEDs. Typically, this is 1.7V for red, 2V for green and 2.5V for yellow. These two circuits can be made to operate satisfactorily for threshold voltages as low as 2V if a red diode is used. [National Semiconductor Application Note]
This battery voltage threshold indicator circuit overcomes the difficulties caused by voltage change across the diode biasing resistor. [Circuit's schematic diagram source: National Semiconductor Application Note]


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- Email: _EMAIL_
- Thesis title: Low Carbon Energy Service Demands
I am a first year PhD student at the University of Leeds researching Low Carbon Energy Service Demands. My project supervisor is Professor John Barrett and my co-supervisors are Dr Anne Owen and Dr Paul Brockway. I am also working with other University of Leeds academics and students as part of the Leeds branch of the Centre for Research into Energy Demands Solutions (CREDS).
Numerous scenarios that outline a pathway to a low carbon future include ambitious improvements in energy efficiency. These studies identify the multiple benefits of energy efficiency including reducing energy demand, employment, economic growth and addressing fuel poverty. It is often assumed that all, or most, of the technical potential on energy efficiency measures will be realized. It is also assumed that energy efficiency is interchangeable with the energy demand reduction. However, this fails to address many of the complexities associated with delivering the technical potential of energy efficiency. It fails to recognize that improvements in energy productivity is an important driver of growth. While rebound effects within households can be relatively small, in industry, energy efficiency can increase growth and result in even higher energy demand. It fails to address the complex societal and infrastructural system that these efficiency improvements are being conducted. Finally, it fails to address that multiple actors are involved adding to the complexity of the problem.
This project will apply a broader framing of energy efficiency by considering how to deliver "Low Carbon Energy Service Demands". These are defined as the service provided by energy, for example mobility, shelter and warmth, nutrition and leisure. This allows a more detailed assessment of how energy demand reduction can be delivered going beyond the traditional framing of energy efficiency.
The project will understand the energy demand required to deliver UK energy service demands. Using a range of modelling techniques, you will consider how the change or reduction in demand for energy services can contribute to energy demand reduction. Finally, you will consider the wider socio-economic implications of radical changes in delivering energy service demand.
- Consider the embodied and operational energy and emissions associated with energy service demand in the UK for the past 20 years. This analysis will use Multi-regional Input-Output models to undertake this task and apply a range of techniques such as structural path analysis to understand the energy demand through the whole supply chain.
- Assess the mitigation options in reducing the energy demand on energy service demands. This will involve outlining all the options available and devising assessment criteria on the feasibility of these options to reduce energy demand.
- Consider the macro-economic effects of the mitigation. Applying a newly developed macro-economic model, you will consider the effects of your policy options on a range of socio-economic factors.
- 2013, BSc, Geography, University of Sheffield, UK, 2:1
- 2017, MSc, Climate Change and Environmental Policy, University of Leeds, UK, Distinction
Research groups and institutes
- Energy and Climate Change Mitigation


What the extra time and money bought, besides headaches and heartaches for the project's sponsors and the thousands of patrons who line up for discount theater tickets every day, is nothing less than a new way of seeing the Times Square "bowtie," that dazzling intersection of Broadway and Seventh Avenue. That is because the TKTS booth proper is topped by a sweeping cascade of 27 ruby-red structural glass steps, rising to a height of 16 feet 1 inch above the 47th Street sidewalk, where hundreds of people (as many as 1,500 if they squeeze in tight) will be welcome to congregate every day until 1 a.m.
It means the booth specifically, without any extra bits. By way of example: "Times Square" might often be used to refer to the area around Times Square, but may include things which are not actually part of the Square. To narrow such a usage, one might say "I mean only the actual Times Square" or "I mean Times Square proper."
 - Extra bits of what? the TKTS booth? This sounds like an unnecessary overspecification. What justifies it in this context? – István Zachar Aug 4 '16 at 6:01
It's definition 6 from Merriam-Webster:
So it means on the TKTS booth itself, and not on the pavement or anywhere else.
 - 1
 I agree this is the meaning the author was intending, I'm just not sure that they're using it appropriately. The booth is a discrete object, not likely something someone would confuse with the surrounding area. – Sam Oct 26 '11 at 19:17
 - I have the same proble, as _USER_. Wouldn't "TKTS booth" specify the "TKTS booth" exactly, in the narrow sense, and nothing else? What is the possible extended meaning of "TKTS booth" that requires the "proper" indicator? It is like "the Earth proper" as if there were other planets called Earth or some broad extensions of Earth that would render the location "on the Earth" somewhat fuzzy within the Universe. – István Zachar Aug 4 '16 at 5:58
Proper is used as adjective here, meaning "belonging or relating exclusively to."
You can read "the TKTS booth proper" as "the TKTS booth, strictly speaking" or "the TKTS booth itself".
We sometimes position an adjective after the noun it modifies. In that sentence, proper is an adjective modifying booth, and means "strictly speaking". Other examples: "proof positive" and "knight errant".
See the Wikipedia article "Post-positive adjective".
Your Answer


Body Image
Why do I have large ankles and is there anything I can do about them?
A Answers (1)
 - AMehmet Oz, MD, Cardiology, answered
 1 143 03 cankles
 Cankles or large ankles are often hereditary but can also be caused by health conditions, some serious.
 To learn more about large ankles and what causes them, watch Dr. Oz discuss the topic in this video.
Did You See? Close
How does exercise boost my body image?


text:
Your phone might know better than you do:
Just by analyzing the calling patterns, the researchers could accurately label two people as friends or nonfriends more than 95% of the time. But the results, published online today in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, show that the mobile phone data were better at predicting friendship than the subjects themselves. Thirty-two pairs of subjects switched from calling each other acquaintances to friends in the traditionally gathered survey data. These are most likely new relationships that formed during the course of the study, say the researchers, and they left a clear signal in the mobile phone data. Friends call each other far more often than acquaintances do when they are off-campus and during weekends. The pattern is so distinct that the researchers spotted budding friendships in the phone data months before the people themselves called themselves friends.
Finally, the team compared people's self-reported job satisfaction with their networks of friendship at their workplaces. Because the mobile phones kept track of people's proximity to each other, the researchers had a clear measure of people's daily contact with friends at work, not only through calls but through physical proximity. As predicted, the more contact people had with friends at their workplace, the more highly they rated their job satisfaction. And conversely, the less face-to-face contact people had with friends at work, the less they said they enjoyed it.
…at MIT, scientists who tracked student cellphones during the latest presidential election were able to deduce that two people were talking about politics, even though the researchers didn't know the content of the conversation. By analyzing changes in movement and communication patterns, researchers could also detect flu symptoms before the students themselves realized they were getting sick.
"Phones can know," said Dr. Pentland, director of MIT's Human Dynamics Laboratory, who helped pioneer the research. "People can get this god's-eye view of human behavior."
So far, these studies only scratch the surface of human complexity. Researchers are already exploring ways that the information gleaned from mobile phones can improve public health, urban planning and marketing. At the same time, researchers believe their findings hint at basic rules of human interaction, and that poses new challenges to notions of privacy.
"We have always thought of individuals as being unpredictable," said Johan Bollen, an expert in complex networks at Indiana University. "These regularities [in behavior] allow systems to learn much more about us as individuals than we would care for."
Of course, companies are very interested in this data:
Cellphone providers are openly exploring other possibilities. By mining their calling records for social relationships among customers, several European telephone companies discovered that people were five times more likely to switch carriers if a friend had already switched, said Mr. Eagle, who works with the firms. The companies now selectively target people for special advertising based on friendships with people who dropped the service.
And some of the results are downright unnerving:
After analyzing more than 16 million records of call date, time and position, the researchers determined that, taken together, people's movements appeared to follow a mathematical pattern. The scientists said that, with enough information about past movements, they could forecast someone's future whereabouts with 93.6% accuracy.
The pattern held true whether people stayed close to home or traveled widely, and wasn't affected by the phone user's age or gender.
A few other interesting tidbits:
- They may be making us more selfish, however. Our phones can fulfill our need for human contact, making us less inclined to go out of our way to help others.
- These devices can distract us so much we don't notice the world around us — even if it contains unicycling clowns. (To be fair, people may actually like us better when we are distracted during a conversation.)
- We've become so addicted to our phones that two-thirds of users report hearing "phantom ringing".
- We rely so much on these devices that a third of people under 30 can't remember their home phone numbers — if they have one at all.
- By stripping away the emotional information in faces and intonation, text messaging might be simulating autism.
- Soon there will be more "booty texts" than "booty calls". (iPhone users are more promiscuous, by the way.)
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Distance Bulgaria Islington. Directions, total distances, average speed, travel time, calculate cost and fuel consumption
Road distance Bulgaria Islington
The total distance represents the road distance in km or miles between Bulgaria and Islington. Initially this is displayed in km but you can always change it using the settings (by selecting the distance in miles or the distance in km):
Average speed
The average speed for the route Bulgaria - Islington is calculated by taking into account the speed limit on each road segment as well as their length.
Travel time
The time required for a car to travel the distance between Bulgaria and Islington, taking into account the speed allowed for each road segment.
Time of arrival
The time of arrival in Islington is calculated considering that you are departing immediately from Bulgaria It takes into account the total travel time.
Fuel price
Total consumption
It represents total fuel (in liters or gallons) needed to travel the road distance from Bulgaria to Islington.
Calculate a new route
Addresses containing a street number: - 10 Street Name, Bulgaria
points of interest: - ATM Bulgaria or Hotel Name, Islington
postal codes: - 012345


From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 (Redirected from 8N1)
Jump to: navigation, search
8-N-1 is a common shorthand notation for a serial port parameter setting or configuration in asynchronous mode, in which there are eight (8) data bits, no (N) parity bit, and one (1) stop bit.[1] As such, 8-N-1 is the most common configuration for PC serial communications today.
The abbreviation is usually given together with the line speed in bits per second, as in 9600/8-N-1. The speed includes bits for framing (stop bits, parity, etc.) and the effective data rate is lower than the bit transmission rate. For 8-N-1 encoding, only 80% of the bits are available for data (for every eight bits of data, ten bits are sent over the serial link — one start bit, the eight data bits, and the one stop bit). This mode was also commonplace for the link between modems until the 1990s when Link Access Procedure for Modems became widespread. 8-N-1 continued in use for the computer to modem connection.[1]
 1. ^ a b "What does 8-N-1 mean?". modemhelp.net. Retrieved 2013-12-25.


text:
Native range: Southeast Asia
Hardiness: Keep above 55°F
Mature Size: Vine/Mat-forming, Can reach 10+ feet in tropical areas.
Light: Medium - Bright Indirect
Water: Let soil dry out between watering.
Soil: Standard potting mix, add bark and pumice for extra drainage.
Dormancy Period: N/A
Plant Size: Grown in 2.5" pot, shipped semi bare root
THESE ARE ROOTED CUTTINGS!!!
(One order = one pot similar to what is shown in the picture, plants are shipped with most soil removed for plant's safety.)
Hoya curtisii is a mat-forming hoya species; they can be grown as a terrarium ground cover or in hanging baskets. The leaves are quite thick, olive green with greyish mottling. Dainty-looking but quite tough. Flowers appear in clusters with star-shape individual flowers.


Daily Walk: Even a Little is Good, More is Better
Read in your language:
Walking for 30 minutes a day or more on most days of the week is a great way to improve or maintain your overall health: increased cardiovascular and pulmonary (heart and lung) fitness; reduced risk of heart disease and stroke; improved management of conditions such as hypertension (high blood pressure), high cholesterol, joint and muscular pain or stiffness, and diabetes; AND stronger bones and improved balance.
If you can't manage 30 minutes a day, remember 'even a little is good, but more is better'. See your doctor for a medical check-up before embarking on any new fitness program, particularly if you are aged over 40 years, are overweight or haven't exercised in a long time.
TRANSCRIPT: Anyone who follows this prescription will never get sick. Proceeds from the sale of this book will be spent on medical research.
So the auction of this wonderful book was announced. The auction spread throughout Europe. Everyone wanted to buy the book because people believed that Dr. Berman's prescription would protect them from every disease.
The auction was finally held. A sick Nawab bought this book for millions of dollars. When he saw the first page of the book, it was empty. Then he turned the page and his anxiety increased because not a word was written in the book. Just one sentence in millions of dollars. That sentence was Dr. Berman's precious prescription written in the book:
"Keep your head cool and your feet warm. You will never get sick."
The sick Nawab woke up after reading the doctor's prescription. He started walking for many miles every day and was happy to shake off all his worries. As long as the Nawab was alive, he kept saying that he bought the book cheaply!
Readers and viewers! Remember, "Anger, hatred and tension keep the head warm" Keep your head cool through love, affection, and joy.
"Constant sitting and working and traveling in cars makes the body weak and emaciated" Walk as much as possible. Keep your body warm by incorporating hard work and exercise into your lifestyle.
Believe it! You will never get sick.


text:
Gastroenterology Specialist, Dr. Sidney Smith explains the difference between GERD (Gastroesophageal reflux disease) and heartburn.
Read the full transcript »
What is the difference between GERD and heartburn? Dr. Sidney Smith: It really is it varies depending upon the person, I think GERD is the medical terminology that we used to describe gastro reflux disease and I have of folks coming in complaining of GERD and I think it's always important to test how exactly what they mean by GERD. Some folks have reflux which they feel of sensation of liquid coming back up in the esophagus, other folks have classic heartburn which is usually describe as a burning sensation behind the breast bone. So, it varies from person to person but again GERD is the blanket term that we use to describe reflux disease but again there is a quite a bit of variation within that condition.


and background-color to the style.
function updateStyle(elem) {
 const shadow = elem.shadowRoot;
 shadow.querySelector('style').textContent = '
 div {
 width: ${elem.getAttribute('l')}px;
 height: ${elem.getAttribute('l')}px;
 background-color: ${elem.getAttribute('c')};
The actual updates are all handled by the life cycle callbacks, which are placed inside the class definition as methods. The connectedCallback() runs each time the element is added to the DOM — here we run the updateStyle() function to make sure the square is styled as defined in its attributes:
connectedCallback() {
 console.log('Custom square element added to page.');
The disconnectedCallback() and adoptedCallback() callbacks log simple messages to the console to inform us when the element is either removed from the DOM, or moved to a different page:
disconnectedCallback() {
 console.log('Custom square element removed from page.');
adoptedCallback() {
 console.log('Custom square element moved to new page.');
The attributeChangedCallback() callback is run whenever one of the element's attributes is changed in some way. As you can see from its properties, it is possible to act on attributes individually, looking at their name, and old and new attribute values. In this case however, we are just running the updateStyle() function again to make sure that the square's style is updated as per the new values:
attributeChangedCallback(name, oldValue, newValue) {
 console.log('Custom square element attributes changed.');
Note that to get the attributeChangedCallback() callback to fire when an attribute changes, you have to observe the attributes. This is done by specifying a static get observedAttributes() method inside custom element class - this should return an array containing the names of the attributes you want to observe:
static get observedAttributes() { return ['c', 'l']; }
This is placed right at the top of the constructor, in our example.
Note: Find the full JavaScript source here.
Transpilers vs. classes
Please note that ES2015 classes cannot reliably be transpiled in Babel 6 or TypeScript targeting legacy browsers. You can either use Babel 7 or the babel-plugin-transform-builtin-classes for Babel 6, and target ES2015 in TypeScript instead of legacy.
There are several libraries that are built on Web Components with the aim of increasing the level of abstraction when creating custom elements. Some of these libraries are FASTElement, snuggsi, X-Tag, Slim.js, Lit, Smart, Stencil, hyperHTML-Element, and DataFormsJS.


text:
This flowchart illustrates the structure of the Risk Assessment Model. Throughout the flowchart, orange boxes indicate that the step is outside the scope of the Risk Assessment pilot, while green boxes indicate that the step is inside the scope. Light green boxes indicate one of three primary components of the Risk Assessment model, and they contain two or more dark green boxes that represent specific steps of the Risk Assessment model.
The conceptual model consists of three primary components: inventory of assets, climate information, and risk to assets and the transportation system. The first two components can be considered simultaneously, and aim to identify (a) which assets are important to the transportation system, and (b) which climate variables are likely to occur, and/or which variables could experience a high-magnitude change. The third component combines the results of the first two to assess how climate changes could impact each important asset, and how significant those impacts could be.
At the top left of the diagram is the first component, "Inventory of Assets," which contains two dark green boxes. A short arrow connects the top box, "Develop inventory of assets," to the "How important is each asset?" box below. Because the in-scope activities under this component will rely on existing resources developed outside of the scope of this Risk Assessment model, there are two orange boxes entitled, "Existing inventories" and "Existing priorities, evaluation tools" that feed into this component. Altogether, this component diagram indicates that transportation agencies should draw from existing inventories to develop their own inventory of assets they are concerned with, and then to use existing priorities and tools to assess the importance of each one of those assets. If the asset is judged to be less important, an arrow leads to an orange box that reads "Monitor and revisit as resources allow." If the asset is judged to be more important, an arrow leads to the third component of the diagram, labeled "Risk." This third component of the diagram will be described later.
At the top right of the Risk Assessment Model is the second component, a light green box named "Climate Information." Within this component are two dark green boxes. The top one reads, "Gather climate information (observed and projections)." The bottom dark green box reads, "What is the likelihood and magnitude of future climate changes?" Transportation agencies should consider these questions with the help of existing data sets, as indicated by the orange box called "Existing data sets" that feeds into the "Climate Information" component. The diagram presents two possible options for Climate Information component. If both the likelihood and magnitude of the effect is judged to be low, then the recommendation is to monitor and revisit as resources allow, as indicated by the arrow pointing to the orange "Monitor and revisit as resources allow" box. However, if either the likelihood or the magnitude is expected to be high, an arrow points to the light green "Risk" box, the third and final component of this Risk Assessment Model.
The Risk component contains four dark green boxes. The first one reads, "Is the asset vulnerable to projected climate effects?" If the asset is judged to have low vulnerability, an arrow leads to the orange "Monitor and revisit as resources allow" box. If the asset is judged to have medium or high vulnerability, the flowchart points to two additional questions simultaneously in side-by-side dark green boxes. The left question reads, "What is the likelihood that future stressors will measurably impact the asset?" The right question reads, "What is the consequence of the impact on the asset?" Arrows from those two questions point to a third question in a dark green box below the other two which reads, "What is the integrated risk?" If the integrated risk is low, then the next step is to "Monitor and revisit as resources allow", which is represented in an orange box. If the risk is high or medium, an arrow leads to an orange box that reads, "Identify, analyze, and prioritize adaptation options."


text:
sec_rgy_pgo_get_by_eff_unix_num-Returns the name and data for a PGO item identified by its effective UNIX number
_TAG_ void sec_rgy_pgo_get_by_eff_unix_num( sec_rgy_handle_t context, sec_rgy_domain_t name_domain, sec_rgy_name_t scope, signed32 unix_id, boolean32 allow_aliases, sec_rgy_cursor_t *item_cursor, sec_rgy_pgo_item_t *pgo_item, sec_rgy_name_t name, boolean32 *overridden, error_status_t *status);
An opaque handle bound to a registry server. Use sec_rgy_site_open() to acquire a bound handle.
This variable identifies the type of the principal, group, or organization (PGO) item identified by the given name. The valid values are as follows:
The UNIX number identifies a principal.
The UNIX number identifies a group.
Note that this function does not support the value sec_rgy_domain_org.
A character string (type sec_rgy_name_t) containing the scope of the desired search. The registry database is designed to accommodate a tree-structured name hierarchy. The scope of a search is the name of the branch under which the search takes place. For example, all names in a registry might start with /alpha, and be divided further into /beta or /gamma. To search only the part of the database under /beta, the scope of the search would be /alpha/beta, and any resulting PGO items would have names beginning with this string. Note that these naming conventions need not have anything to do with group or organization PGO item membership lists.
The UNIX number of the desired registry PGO item.
A boolean32 value indicating whether to search for a primary PGO item, or whether the search can be satisfied with an alias. If TRUE, the routine returns the next entry found for the PGO item. If FALSE, the routine returns only the primary entry.
An opaque pointer indicating a specific PGO item entry in the registry database. The sec_rgy_pgo_get_next() routine returns the PGO item indicated by item_cursor, and advances the cursor to point to the next item in the database. When the end of the list of entries is reached, the routine returns the value sec_rgy_no_more_entries in the status parameter. Use sec_rgy_cursor_reset() to reset the cursor.
A pointer to a sec_rgy_pgo_item_t structure to receive the data for the returned PGO item. The data in this structure includes the PGO item's name, UUID, UNIX number (if any), and administrative data, such as whether the item, if a principal, may have a concurrent group set. The data is as it appears in the registry, for that UNIX number, even though some of the fields may have been overridden locally.
A pointer to a sec_rgy_name_t character string containing the returned name for the PGO item. This string might contain a local override value if the supplied UNIX number is found in the passwd_override or group_override file.
A pointer to a boolean32 value indicating whether or not the supplied UNIX number has an entry in the local override file (passwd_override or group_override).
A pointer to the completion status. On successful completion, the routine returns error_status_ok. Otherwise, it returns an error.
The sec_rgy_pgo_get_by_eff_unix_num() routine returns the name and data for a PGO item. The desired item is identified by its type (domain) and its UNIX number.
This routine is similar to the sec_rgy_pgo_get_by_unix_num() routine. The difference between the routines is that sec_rgy_pgo_get_by_eff_unix_num() first searches the local override files for the respective name_domain for a match with the supplied UNIX number. If an override match is found, and an account or group name is found in that entry, then that name is used to obtain PGO data from the registry and the value of the overridden parameter is set to TRUE.
The item_cursor parameter specifies the starting point for the search through the registry database. It provides an automatic place holder in the database. The routine automatically updates this variable to point to the next PGO item after the returned item. The returned cursor location can be supplied on a subsequent database access call that also uses a PGO item cursor.
Permissions RequiredThe sec_rgy_pgo_get_by_eff_unix_num() routine requires the r (read) permission on the PGO item to be viewed.
There are several different types of cursors used in the registry Application Programmer Interface (API). Some cursors point to PGO items, others point to members in a membership list, and others point to account data. Do not use a cursor for one sort of object in a call expecting another sort of object. For example, you cannot use the same cursor on a call to sec_rgy_acct_get_projlist() and sec_rgy_pgo_get_next(). The behavior in this case is undefined.
Furthermore, cursors are specific to a server. A cursor pointing into one replica of the registry database is useless as a pointer into another replica.
Use sec_rgy_cursor_reset() to renew a cursor for use with another call or for another server.
The idl file from which dce/pgo.h was derived.
The local group override file.
The local password override file.
The call was successful.
The cursor is at the end of the list of PGO items.
The specified PGO item was not found.
The DCE Registry Server is unavailable.
sec_rgy_pgo_add(), sec_rgy_pgo_get_by_id(), sec_rgy_pgo_get_by_name(), sec_rgy_pgo_get_by_unix_num(), sec_rgy_pgo_get_next(), sec_rgy_pgo_id_to_name(), sec_rgy_pgo_id_to_unix_num(), sec_rgy_pgo_name_to_id(), sec_rgy_pgo_unix_num_to_id(), sec_rgy_cursor_reset().


HyperDic: inhabitant
English > 1 sense of the word inhabitant:
NOUNperson inhabitant, habitant, dweller, denizen, indwellera person who inhabits a particular place
inhabitant > pronunciation
Soundsihnhhae'bahtahnt; ihnhhae'bihtahnt
Rhymesabandonment... wonderment: 671 rhymes with ahnt...
English > inhabitant: 1 sense > noun 1, person
MeaningA person who inhabits a particular place.
Synonymshabitant, dweller, denizen, indweller
NarrowerAlsatianA native or inhabitant of Alsace
AmericanA native or inhabitant of the United States
AmericanA native or inhabitant of a North American or Central American or South American country
Asian, AsiaticA native or inhabitant of Asia
Australian, AussieA native or inhabitant of Australia
AustronesianA native or inhabitant of Austronesia
EuropeanA native or inhabitant of Europe
Galilean, GalilaeanAn inhabitant of Galilee (an epithet of Jesus Christ)
HittiteA member of an ancient people who inhabited Anatolia and northern Syria about 2000 to 1200 BC
LatinAn inhabitant of ancient Latium
NazareneAn inhabitant of Nazareth
New Zealander, KiwiA native or inhabitant of New... / New Zealand
NorthernerAn inhabitant of the North
NumidianAn inhabitant of ancient Numidia
OccidentalA native inhabitant of the Occident
PhilistineA member of an Aegean people who settled ancient Philistia around the 12th century BC
PhrygianA native or inhabitant of Phrygia
Trinidadianinhabitant or native of Trinidad
bordererAn inhabitant of a border area (especially the border between Scotland and England)
cottager, cottage dwellersomeone who lives in a cottage
easternerAn inhabitant of an eastern area
islander, island-dwellerAn inhabitant of an island
landlubber, landsman, landmanA person who lives and works on land
liversomeone who lives in a place
marcherAn inhabitant of a border district
plainsmanAn inhabitant of a plains region (especially the Great Plains of North America)
resident, occupant, occupiersomeone who lives at a particular place for a prolonged period or who was born there
tellurian, earthling, earthman, worldlingAn inhabitant of the earth
villagerOne who has lived in a village most of their life
westernerAn inhabitant of a western area
Broaderperson, individual, someone, somebody, mortal, soulA human being
Spanishhabitante, habitantes, moradora, morador, residente, vecina, vecino
Catalanhabitant, llatinoamericà, pobladora, poblador, resident, veí, veïna
Verbsinhabitinhabit or live in
©2001-21 · HyperDic hyper-dictionary · Contact
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text:
Guiding principles on MoU between key stakeholders and law enforcement agencies
Apr 29 2010
Download right click "save as"
The Guiding Principles are intended to serve as a practical tool for stakeholders when developing counter-trafficking agreements. By stakeholders we understand all actors that are playing a role in combating and preventing human trafficking, from law enforcement agencies to specialized service providers, NGOs, trade unions, the judiciary, the prosecution services, faith based organizations, etc. More information about human trafficking on the website of IOM.
- Summary of Rozrada Publications
- Reveal. Protect. Help. Materials for specialists working with victims
- Stigma of Human Trafficking Victims
- Human trafficking: social-psychological aspects. Manual for coaches
- IOM Trafficking of men Belarus and Ukraine
- Trafficking in Persons to Europe for sexual exploitation


text:
The road to 'pollination heaven' is narrow - not broad
So working out whether these insects follow the broad path, paved with pollinating riches - or instead strike along the straight and narrow - has big implications for the survival of the Gomortega tree. And it could help find the best way to manage this important hotchpotch of a landscape.
Now a paper in the latest Current Biology has demonstrated that, when it comes to arranging 'connecting flights' between the few surviving stands of Gomortega, the broad path of flower-rich farmland can be too much of a distraction. It seems that narrow, rocky, resource-poor road may be better, if pollinating nirvana is to be achieved.
That runs counter to many previous, simpler ways of looking at how broken-up conservation areas can be stitched back together, so as to improve the flow of pollen between them. And because hoverflies are such generalist pollinators, the implications of the study is likely to spill far beyond Chile's Valdivian Forests.
Dr Dan Bebber, in charge of climate change research at Earthwatch, and co-author of the paper said: 'This study complements our forest research in the UK, where scientists from Earthwatch and the University of Oxford are investigating how moths and small mammals are using landscape corridors such as hedgerows and trees to move among habitat types. Landscape connectivity through corridors can enhance species migration, and could prevent the extinction of vulnerable species.'
Tracking the gene flowIn order to track the meanderings of hover-flies, who are major pollinators of the Gomortega trees, the team conducted a pain-staking mapping of 80 square kilometers of jumbled landscapes. They also took DNA samples from 1000 seeds taken from 443 Gomortega trees. This enabled the scientists, which also included Tonya Lander, from the University of Oxford, to work out which trees which pollinating which others.
From this they produced a map of the Gomortega's 'gene flow' - which was effectively a map of the preferred routes taken by the hoverflies. Two computer models were then used to tease out how the varied landscape influenced the choices made by the hoverflies.
What the team found was something of surprise. The land between the remaining fragments natural forests contained some areas rich in flowers and pollen - including farmland. It was thought that the hoverflies would be attracted from the forest into these - and so be drawn to other fragments of forest on the other side. But instead, the results showed that it was the resource-poor pine plantations that best helped to funnel the insects between the Gomortega trees.
The Circe Principle
The team called this type of behavior the 'Circe principle'. It reminded them of a tale from the Greek legend of Odysseus; Odysseus' crew were waylaid for months, on their journey home, by the lavish feasts laid on by the enchantress, Circe. As an approach to describe gene flow, it makes a break with previous simple ecological models.
They tend to look at the problem in black-or-white - natural landscapes are seen as 'permeable' to gene flow, whereas most man-made ones are seen as 'barriers'. But as a general principle, it does need more research. Dr. Bebber, proposes a novel way of testing this out, involving tagging of pollinating insects. 'The Circe Principle does need further validation,' he said. 'Direct measurements of pollinator movement, for example by tiny GPS tags, would be one way to achieve this.'
Not all habitats pristine
Looking at conservation in this way - modeling the complex interlayering of man-made and natural landscapes - has often been shied away, from according to Dr Bebber. 'Scientists and conservationists have tended to focus attention on 'pristine' ecosystems. Understanding natural ecosystems is hard enough: including human disturbance makes things even more difficult. However, we need to do this because most ecosystems are affected by people to some degree.'
But doing so could be positive for getting better results in saving endangered species, whether trees, butterflies or tigers. 'It is often assumed that managed habitats are just simply bad for conservation, but this is not necessarily the case. There are many different ways of managing a landscape, which provide different levels of productivity and conservation benefit. Scientists need to find out what those trade-offs are.'
Top Image: Hoverfly on blue daisy © CS


text:
The Wet Collections
The museum's wet collections are of immense scientific and cultural value. In September 2010 they found a new home in the newly restored East Wing, where they are stored under optimised conditions. Why not come and take a look!
After 65 years, a large gap in the Natural History Museum building has been closed. The historic East Wing, destroyed at the end of the Second World War, has been rebuilt and now houses the museum's extensive wet collection, comprising around one million zoological objects – from spiders, fish and crustaceans to amphibians and mammals – in 276,000 vials, preserved in 81,880 litres of ethanol. The Museum für Naturkunde now probably sports the world's most advanced collection building for zoological wet collections. The storage conditions in this new facility meet all the latest standards in conservation and fire safety. Moreover, the high-tech collection building is not just reserved for the exclusive use of scientists and researchers studying biodiversity and evolutionary theory. Part of it has been opened up to the public and integrated into the permanent exhibition, allowing visitors a glimpse of this state-of-the-art scientific collection.
The Wet Collections: 'before and after' photographs
For decades the scientific wet collections were stored in the main museum building, out of sight from the public and under storage conditions that no longer lived up modern standards. The relocation of the wet collections was therefore a long-term project that finally came to fruition in September 2010.


text:
Salesforce customers who manage large data volume in their orgs must architect record ownership carefully to ensure peak performance. When you have a large number of records owned by a single user in Salesforce, we call that an "ownership skew". There are many cases which lend themselves well to this type of architecture. While any object can have an "ownership skew", the most common cases involve Contacts without the concept of an owner, Accounts that are worked by a team without the concept of an owner, and unassigned Cases or Leads. Since every record is required to have an owner, it seems like the natural solution is to skew those records onto a "generic" owner. Unfortunately, this can cause performance issues due to sharing calculations required to manage visibility of those records. When the skewed owner exists in the role hierarchy, operations such as deletes or owner updates must remove sharing from the old owner and all parent users within the role hierarchy, and also from all users given access by sharing rules. For this reason, ownership changes tend to be one of the most costly transactional changes in the system. In many cases these actions are automated, which can cause heavy sharing calculations resulting in performance related issues. Furthermore, this type of architecture can make administrative configuration extremely difficult when the skewed user or the user's role needs to move within the role hierarchy. If the skew is severe enough, an administrator may need to unload the records to successfully move the user or role.
When architecting for a situation which requires a skew in ownership the best solution is to avoid the skew in the first place. For assignments, make sure the rules and data quality are sufficient to ensure all records get assigned to the correct rep. Ensure contact data is clean enough to associate with the correct account and assign account ownership to the user who creates the account. Many customers spend countless hours and funds manually assigning unassigned or incorrectly assigned records resulting from dirty data or a flawed rule structure. Investing in data quality and assignment tools can save companies significant time and money and ensure solutions properly scale to meet business needs. In some cases an "ownership skew" simply cannot be avoided. In these instances, it is best to ensure the skewed owner does not have a role. By configuring the skewed owner this way, you take that user and their records away from the role hierarchy and its associated sharing rules. If visibility to these records must be granted in a private sharing model, then it is best to grant access to a subset of users at the profile level. If profile level access grants too much visibility then the skewed owner must have a role, group or a Criteria Based Sharing Rule may be used. When architected carefully, each of the three solutions will provide similar performance. If the role hierarchy is used, the skewed owner must be placed in their own role at the top of the hierarchy without child nodes. Make sure any sharing rules used to grant visibility to skewed records are as restrictive as possible by granting access specifically to users who need it. Heavy sharing rules that grant access to the majority of an organization should not be used. Once the skewed owner is placed into their own role, the user and their role should never be moved since the skew would make such a move a long and difficult operation. If Criteria Based Sharing Rules are used to grant the necessary access, build the rules on fields which will not change frequently such as the owner. Doing so will prevent excessive rule calculation upon record updates.


text:
This is a part of a series where I ask the question, "What is the healing process and how does it take place?"
In the second part of this trilogy is where the Peacock emerges surrounded in light. The Peacock represents the embodiment of the Quan Yin energy, the goddess of self-compassion.
Self-compassion is the core to the healing process and moves us forward to our true nature.
Medium: Original Acrylic


text:
The keffiyeh – the traditional Arab headdress that has become a potent political icon in the Middle East – is a central motif in Tsibi Geva's work, where it appears in various combinations and arrangements. Keffiyeh 33 is one of the early works in a series of
hundreds of paintings that he has created on various supports.
Geva's choice of the keffiyeh motif is linked to the transformation of this image over the years from a symbol of the Arab tilling his land, which was adopted by the "New Jew" who made the desert flourish in Israel's pre-independence days, to the unmistakable symbol of a Palestinian society struggling for independence. The charged symbolism of the keffiyeh, like other motifs in Geva's work, acquires a complex dialectic meaning as it is transformed into a painterly element. Its twisting and undulating black lines form ornamental arabesques, which are circumscribed within a decorative frame; situated in this new cultural context, the pattern acquires the appearance of a grid, a
lattice, or a grill that is enticing in its movement and deceiving in its abstract beauty, while also blocking and restricting the observer's view.
The artistic appropriation of the keffiyeh, and the transformation of a political Arab icon into a modernist Western painting, reflect the dialectic that characterizes Geva's entire oeuvre: it bespeaks an act of identification with the Other who is also the "enemy," while fearing, recoiling from, and rejecting the Other's heroic imagery. In an Israeli context, Keffiyeh 33 is a psychological snapshot of the ongoing Israeli-Palestinian conflict; in a more universal context, this image confronts the viewer with an enticing, menacing form of beauty. Another reading of this work may also interpret it as a critical metaphor for political and cultural colonialism, which appropriates not only territories but also images.


Hon'ble Minister for Women and Child Development, Smt Maneka Sanjay Gandhi laid a foundation of Sakhi Suraksha Advanced DNA Forensic Laboratory in the campus of Central Forensic Science Lab, Chandigarh today. Speaking at the event, the Minister said that forensic analysis plays a critical role in criminal investigation and the Advanced Lab will contribute to addressing the gap in forensic DNA analysis of pending sexual assault cases in the country. The Minister added that the lab is being set up as a model forensic lab and would be replicated in other parts of the country.
In sexual assault cases, the ideal time frame to complete the examination and submission of the report is 90 days. Furthermore, it is important that the biological crime exhibit is stored and preserved in a scientific manner so as to make any examination/reporting meaningful. However, presently such a storage/preservation capacity is around 200 cases in CFSL, Chandigarh.
Sexual Assault and Homicide Unit
Paternity Unit
Human Identification Unit
Mitochondrial Unit
Background: Forensic science plays a vital role in the criminal justice delivery system by providing investigators with scientifically based information through the analysis of physical evidence. With increasing reports of crime against women such as sexual assault, foeticide, homicide etc. there is an increasing demand for better scientific analysis of physical evidence. Scrutiny by Hon'ble courts demands more admissible, accurate and powerful forensic proof for human individualization.
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Preparing for the hearing
If you made a submission and indicated that you wished to speak to it, then make sure you reinforce your case by presenting to the hearing.
The hearing report
Before the hearing, Environment Southland compiled a hearing report – a 700-page document (called the section 42A report), which provides the Hearing Commissioners with a summary and analysis of submissions, and makes recommendations on possible amendments to the proposed plan.
The Hearing Commissioners don't have to agree with the recommendations contained in the s42A report, but it is still a useful tool to help understand how the submissions have affected council's thinking.
Can B+LNZ help me prepare for the hearing?
We ran eight workshops, to help farmers prepare. These covered:
- What you can expect at the hearing
- What makes a powerful farmer hearing statement
- How to gain traction with the decision makers
- A refresh on the key issues and a heads up on where council thinking is changing
- What to include in your hearing statement.
What if I missed the workshops?
The workshop resources included a booklet and videos, which you can download on this page. View the powerpoint presentation to pick up tips on how to be as effective as possible on the day.
Key areas to consider
We have created a summary of key areas you may which to address called "The Song Sheet". It covers:
- The policy/rule to consider
- What the notified plan said
- What B+LNZ submitted
- Environment Southland's recommendations to the hearing panel (s42A report)
- Some ideas for farmers to consider in their hearing statement
The eight key areas summarised in the song sheet are:
- Physiographic zones
- Pre-empting limit setting process
- Dairy conversion
- Intensive winter grazing
- Stock exclusion
- Cultivation setbacks
- Tile drains
- Farm Environment Plans


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Practical Svelte is an excellent resource for getting acquainted with creating and manipulating websites or online applications using a component framework approach. It takes the view that we don't have to create something complex and unwieldy. We can build something quickly, using less code than some of its competitors, and extend it using the power of the API and plugins over time, without sacrificing speed or features.
You will learn how to use the Svelte framework to rapidly create and deploy websites or online applications that are performant, with the minimum of fuss and using existing tools already available in the browser, get up to speed with individual features of the Svelte framework, and work through a series of small projects that will combine to produce a finished site at the end of the book – this to help consolidate skills from day one and create something that you can use as a basis for future projects.
What You Will Learn
- Understand why Svelte's popularity makes it the go-to framework for constructing applications
- Learn how to scaffold and implement web sites or online applications using Svelte
- Create reusable components using Svelte that are interoperable with other frameworks and can solve real-world problems
- Perform automated testing and deployment using tools such as CI/CD testing
- Work through some mini projects from start to finish, understanding what we can achieve using Svelte and where we may need to bring other tools into play
Who This Book Is For


Overgrown Beak, hook beak, parrot beak
Sometimes a pigeon's upper beak will longer than it should, usually in a downward curve or a hook. This will eventually make picking up seed impossible and the pigeon will become starved.
Beaks can be trimmed or filed to a more acceptable length, but trimming too far back can cause a serious bleed so trim off a tiny bit at a time
On white beaks identifying how much can be trimmed safely is relatively simple as the overgrown bit will be transparent making it easy to see where the blood supply starts, but in dark beaks it is much more difficult and it might be best to ask a veterinary nurse to do the job the first time so that you can observe!.
 If you plan to trim a beak yourself have a supply of Cornflour ready and dip the beak in it if it starts to bleed and trim off only a fraction at a time, wiping your finger over the end of the beak each time. If there is the tiniest trace of blood on your finger, then stop..
File down any rough bitsThe trimmed beak is likely to overgrow again so pigeons with this condition would be better kept as pets or placed in the permanent care of a sanctuary.


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JOURNAL of the Natioanl Cancer Institute
1995 Jan 18) 87(2):110-6
Consumption of olive oil and specific food groups in relation to breast cancer risk in Greece.
Trichopoulou A Katsouyanni K Stuver S Tzala L Gnardellis C Rimm E Trichopoulos D
Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry. Athens School of Public Health. Greece.
RESULTS: Vegetables consumption and fruit consumption were independently associated with statistically significant reductions of breast cancer risk by 12% and 8%, respectively, per quintile increase; no significant associations were evident for the other food groups examined. Increased olive oil consumption was associated with significantly reduced breast cancer risk (OR = 0.75 [95% confidence interval = 0.57-0.98] for more than once a day versus once a day), whereas increased margarine consumption was associated with significantly increased risk (OR = 1.05 [95% confidence interval = 1.00-1.10] for an increment of four times a month). The olive oil association was apparently concentrated among postmenopausal women, but the relevant interaction term was not statistically significant; there was no suggestion of interaction with menopausal status for consumption of either vegetables, fruits, or margarine.CONCLUSIONS: Although major categories of macronutrients do not show significant associations with breast cancer risk in most studies, including the present one, vegetables and fruits are inversely, significantly, and strongly associated with this risk. There also is evidence that olive oil consumption may reduce the risk of breast cancer, whereas margarine intake appears to be associated with an elevated risk for the diseas
Next Abstract 11 Selected Sections Main Page


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Smoke from moorland wildfires may hold toxic blast from the past | Innovation Tech
THE UK's largest wildfire for decades is almost under control after blazing for a week during the country's longest heat wave since 1976. But with no rain forecast for at least a week, peat burning underground at Saddleworth Moor near Manchester could continue to smoulder, generating hazardous smoke. The same could happen on moorland at Winter Hill (pictured), 50 kilometres away, which burned for five days before being put out.
Fire chiefs tackling the Saddleworth blaze say it has consumed up to 20 square kilometres of moor and scrubland. Although surface fires are all but out, peat below ground continues to smoulder and can only be completely extinguished with a two or three-day downpour. "Without rain, it's very difficult to put out," says Hugh Coe, a professor of atmospheric composition at the University of Manchester.
As it continues to smoulder and burn, the peat reignites sporadic surface fires, and spews potentially hazardous smoke. "The worst hazard is the small-particulate matter, which exacerbates lung problems, asthma, allergy and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder," says Coe. Burning peat debris also gets coated with cancer-causing chemicals called polyaromatic hydrocarbons.
But because of extensive toxic fallout from factories a century ago, there could be other hazards. "There's 100 years' of pollution buried along with the peat as it formed," says Coe. This could mean that toxic heavy metals such as lead and cadmium are taking to the air in fly ash.
This article appeared in print under the headline "Wildfire smoke hazard"
More on these topics:


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Date of Award
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Teaching and Leadership
Principals and science outcomes, Principals and student outcomes, Principals' science beliefs, Principals' science knowledge, Science instructional leadership
The aim of this quantitative study was to investigate elementary principals' beliefs about reformed science teaching and learning, science subject matter knowledge, and how these factors relate to fourth grade students' superior science outcomes. Online survey methodology was used for data collection and included a demographic questionnaire and two survey instruments: the K-4 Physical Science Misconceptions Oriented Science Assessment Resources for Teachers (MOSART) and the Beliefs About Reformed Science Teaching and Learning (BARSTL). Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to assess the separate and collective contributions of background variables such as principals' personal and school characteristics, principals' science teaching and learning beliefs, and principals' science knowledge on students' superior science outcomes. Mediation analysis was also used to explore whether principals' science knowledge mediated the relationship between their beliefs about science teaching and learning and students' science outcomes.
Findings indicated that principals' science beliefs and knowledge do not contribute to predicting students' superior science scores. Fifty-two percent of the variance in percentage of students with superior science scores was explained by school characteristics with free or reduced price lunch and school type as the only significant individual predictors. Furthermore, principals' science knowledge did not mediate the relationship between their science beliefs and students' science outcomes. There was no statistically significant variation among the variables. The data failed to support the proposed mediation model of the study. Implications for future research are discussed.
Khan, Uzma Zafar, "Investigating Elementary Principals' Science Beliefs and Knowledge and its Relationship to Students' Science Outcomes" (2012). Teaching and Leadership - Dissertations. 243.


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Determine Image Quality with Photoshop CS5 Histograms
Before making image adjustments, look at the image's histogram, which displays an image's tonal values, to evaluate whether the image has sufficient detail to produce a high-quality image. In Photoshop CS5, choose Window→Histogram to display the Histogram panel.
The greater the range of values in the histogram, the greater the detail. Poor images without much information can be difficult, if not impossible, to correct. The Histogram panel also displays the overall distribution of shadows, midtones, and highlights to help you determine which tonal corrections are needed.
A full histogram indicates a smooth transition from one shade to another in the image. When a histogram is spread out and has gaps in it, the image is jumping too quickly from one shade to another, producing a posterized effect. Posterization is an effect that reduces tonal values to a limited amount, creating a more defined range of values from one shade to another.
If you have a bad histogram, we recommend that you rescan or reshoot the image. Make sure your scanner is set for the maximum number of colors.
If you have a good histogram to start with, keep it that way by not messing around with multiple tone correction tools. Most professionals use the Curves feature — and that's it. Curves (choose Image→Adjustments→Curves) adjusts levels (brightness and contrast) and color balance, all in one step.
If a Warning icon appears while you're making adjustments, double-click anywhere on the histogram to refresh the display.
Don't panic if your histogram is smashed all the way to the left or right. The bars of the histogram represent tonal values. You can break down the types of images, based on their values, into three key types:
High key: An extremely light-colored image. Information is pushed toward the right in the histogram. Color correction has to be handled a little differently for these images to keep the light appearance to them.A high key image is a light image.
Low key: An extremely dark image. Information is pushed to the left in the histogram. This type of image is difficult to scan on low-end scanners because the dark areas tend to blend together with little definition.A low key image is a dark image.
Mid key: A typical image with a full range of shades. These images are the most common and easiest to work with.A typical image with a full range of values is a mid key image.


Smith Holland M&A Resources
Recasting your financial statements to maximize shareholder value as you get ready to sell your business.
A critical step when selling a company is to recast financial statements. Once a business owner has decided to sell their company, it is important to hire an experienced mergers and acquisitions firm that can provide an accurate valuation for that business. Typically, financials statements are prepared by business owners to minimize their tax liabilities, not to sell their company. Sellers will come to the realization that over the years working with their accountants to decrease their taxable income, which is perfectly legal and understandable, has now diminished the valuation of the company when they try to sell. While minimizing their tax liability is the goal of most business owners, unfortunately, this illustrates a misleading picture when it comes time to demonstrate the true profitability of the company to prospective buyers.
It is vital for buyers to recognize the full potential and income producing capabilities of the company that they are purchasing. Since net income or earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) is the main variable when assessing a business, hiring a business broker that can recast financial statements to maximize company valuation and show future growth by clearly defining owner benefits and removing one-time or non-recurring extraordinary expenses is imperative. Before going to market, adjusting the financials will give buyers a more accurate picture of how much revenue the company is truly capable of producing. If a company overlooks recasting their financial statements correctly, they will ultimately be undervaluing their business and leaving money on the table.
Recasting Financials
Recasting financial statements is an accepted principle by which expenses (or revenues) that are unrelated to future business operations are removed and adjusted. As stated earlier, most business owners try to reduce their bottom-line income as much as legally possible, in order to reduce their annual tax bill to uncle Sam. While this is advantageous in the short term, when a company owner goes to sell, they will realize their net income doesn't look as attractive to buyers as it could. The process of recasting financial statements is perfectly legal by presenting specific and identifiable adjustments to company profit and loss (P&L) statements usually from the past 3 to 5 years. Recasting is common practice because professional buyers are purchasing the future performance of the company, not the past.
Professional buyers, especially capital firms or institutions, are typically evaluating multiple companies and opportunities at the same time. It is important to recast financial statements because these experienced buyers are comparing earnings from several businesses to assess which opportunity will be the most lucrative or best deal. For this reason, recasting financial statements is an essential tool that M&A firms use to help those buyers determine an accurate valuation for a company and also how much a bank would be willing to lend if they borrow money to purchase. Keep in mind when recasting financial statements that this should be accomplished through a professional since this process can take a considerable amount of time and if done incorrectly, can lead to a deal falling apart by providing misinformation or inaccurate EBITDA.
Traditional Recasting Adjustments
The traditional financial recasting adjustments include owner salaries and benefits, non-cash expenses, interest and non-recurring income or expenses.
Usually, the most significant financial recasting adjustment involves the salaries and bonuses the owner withdraws from the company. Since salaries are entirely discretionary, some business owners take enormous salaries and bonuses that are not necessary to continue operating the company and therefore, the new buyer will not have to continue paying those expenses in the future. When recasting financial statements, the salary of the primary owner is added back and if there are multiple owners receiving salaries, the decision needs to be made whether those additional roles are required to continue running the company.
For example, there are 3 absentee owners who draw salaries and bonuses but they only spend a few hours working each week. If the owner responsibilities could easily be completed by one person, all 3 salaries could be added back. Alternatively, if 2 of those owners spend 35+ hours a week working, then those 2 owners' salaries would need to be "normalized" (simply stated, the cost of hiring 2 more employees to fulfil those roles). One owner's salary could be added back but for the other 2 owners who work 35+ hours per week, the buyer would have to replace them with employees. For instance, those 2 owners withdraw $100K salary each but the true cost at market rate for 2 additional employees to fulfil same roles is only $60K each - this add back would be $80K ($200K vs $120K normalized). This could increase valuation anywhere from $240K to $400K (3x - 5x multiple).
The next biggest financial recasting adjustment includes the owner's benefits or incentives. Again, most business owners receive benefits that are not required to operate the company. These benefits or "expenses" include personal car insurance, personal health insurance, 401K or retirement account contributions, meals and entertainment, travel and personal accounting or legal services paid by the business. For example, a business owner may expense the cost of a company leased vehicle but the monthly price of a Honda compared to Lamborghini is a big difference.
Non-cash expenses and interest are the obvious financial statement adjustments. Since buyers determine true valuation of a company based on EBITDA, non-cash expenses such as depreciation and amortization are added back. In addition, most business deals are purchased debt free and clear of any interest-bearing liabilities, so interest will be added back as well.
Extraordinary, non-operating and one-time expenses are adjusted as these are uncommon or unrelated to normal company operations. Any expenses that the buyer will likely not have to continue after the purchase of the business are adjusted. These include one-time legal expenses, moving costs, equipment lease payments, extraordinary bonuses to employees, charitable donations and unusual marketing expenditures. Any rent payment above or below market rate should be normalized and adjusted to give the buyer an accurate picture of true rent expense for the future.
Recasting financial statements is a crucial step when selling a company. Most business owners reduce bottom-line income to minimize their tax liability, so it's important to hire an experienced M&A advisor that can recast financial statements to maximize the valuation for that company. Before going to market, adjusting the financials will give buyers a more accurate representation of how much EBITDA a company is truly capable of producing. Buyers will have an exhaustive due diligence period and sellers need to be prepared to clarify the addbacks. A qualified M&A advisor that exclusively represents sell-side M&A deals can explain to sellers which category adjustments and how much can legally be added back in order to make a company look the most attractive in the marketplace.
Expertise matters.
Contact us today for a complimentary evaluation.
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Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) is a proinflammatory cytokine produced by leukocytes and the secretory cells of the HPA axis. Remarkably, glucocorticoids (GC) induce leukocyte MIF secretion, while MIF renders leukocytes insensitive to the anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids. In light of reported associations between dysphoric states, increased inflammatory activity, and reduced GC sensitivity, the current study investigated the association between MIF, loneliness and depressive symptoms. The study further investigated the relation between plasma MIF and markers of HPA function, i.e., diurnal cortisol and the cortisol response to acute stress. Healthy university undergraduates (N= 126; 64 women) were invited to participate if their scores on the Beck Depression Inventory or UCLA loneliness scale were in the upper or lower quintile of their peer group. Plasma MIF and salivary cortisol were measured in response to a public speaking task. Ambulatory diurnal cortisol was assessed for 5 consecutive days. MIF levels were 40% higher in the high-depressive symptoms group compared to the low depressive symptoms group. Elevated MIF was also associated with a smaller cortisol response to acute stress and lower diurnal morning cortisol values. The observed association between HPA function and MIF remained robust after adjustment for depressive symptoms, and demographic, anthropomorphic, and behavioural factors. High levels of depressive symptoms were likewise associated with lower morning cortisol, but this association became non-significant after adjustment for MIF. MIF may be an important neuro-immune mediator linking depressive symptoms with inflammation and HPA dysregulation.
- Acute stress
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Endocrine and Autonomic Systems
- Behavioral Neuroscience


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The outcrop of Pennsylvanian strata, shown on the geologic map, defines the limits of the Eastern and Western Kentucky Coal Fields (shown in gray on the physiographic map). The Western Kentucky Coal Field is smaller than its eastern counterpart. It comprises the southern edge of a larger geologic feature called the Illinois or Eastern Interior Basin, which includes the coal fields in Indiana and Illinois.
As in eastern Kentucky, the border of the Western Kentucky Coal Field and the Mississippi Plateau is commonly marked by an escarpment because thick Pennsylvanian-age sandstones are resistant to erosion. However, because this coal field is not adjacent to the Appalachian Mountains, and the sandstones are less continuous, the escarpment is not as dramatic as along the Cumberland Escarpment of the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field. Pennyroyal State Park (pictured above) is located along the southern edge of the escarpment.


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The TCLP (Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure) is designed to determine the mobility of elements and compounds in liquid and solid waste byproducts.
Over time, water and other liquids percolate through landfills. The percolating liquid often dissolves components of the solid waste in the landfill. The resulting "leachate" that is produced may pose public and environmental health risks because of these contaminants. The TCLP analysis simulates landfill conditions and determines concentration at which the contaminants identified by the US EPA are present in the leachate. The EPA/TCLP protocol provides standards that are considered thresholds of toxicity for each of these contaminants. The TCLP analysis simulates landfill conditions and determines which of the contaminants identified by the U.S. EPA are present in the leachate and their concentrations.
Mercury captured by Amended Silicates is extremely stable. TCLP performed on neat fly ash, fly ash with Amended Silicates and fly ash with PAC have yielded consistent results as shown above.