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Batteries used in electric and hybrid cars are rather unusual: they are called lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries. Their mode of action is different from classical batteries of petrol or diesel engines. Components of Lithium-ion batteries can present a chemical hazard.
In a few words: how does a Li-ion battery work?
A Lithium-ion battery works with the following reaction: a chemically reversible lithium ion exchange between two electrodes.
The positive electrode is usually made of a lithiated transition metal oxide (cobalt dioxide, manganese dioxide…); the negative electrode is usually made of graphite. This reaction needs both electrodes to be immersed into a liquid electrolyte. Most of the time, the electrolyte is a solution of lithium hexafluorophosphate salts into a mixture of ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate or tetrahydrofurane.
Leaking Li-ion battery = production of hydrofluoric acid
As the electrolyte is a liquid, it can leak from the inside of the battery and come into contact with air moisture or water.
Two chemical reactions can provoke the production of hydrofluoric acid:
Hydrolysis of PF6- ions of the electrolyte in the presence of water
Combustion of those PF6- ions.
Hydrolysis of PF6- ions occurs only in the presence of water in a medium which is not too acidic or basic (pH between 1 and 12) However, the kinetics of this hydrolysis are not favorable. The reaction is slow and the quantities of released hydrofluoric acid will not be very important. When in contact with skin or eyes, hydrofluoric acid can provoke severe chemical injuries and is toxic.
To understand Hydrofluoric acid health hazard, see "Mechanism and specificities of hydrofluoric acid Lesions "
Lithium-ion batteries and combustion: a real hazard
lithium-ion batteries for electric and hybrid cars
The Lithium-ion battery also presents a risk of degradation by a violent and dangerous combustion reaction in case of misuse. This combustion can occur spontaneously as soon as the batteries intern temperature reaches 65 °C (149 °F) and is very likely to occur above 75 °C (167 °F).
In case of burning of the battery, hydrofluoric acid is produced and released by thermal decomposition of the PF6- ions of the electrolyte contained inside the battery.
A French INERIS report on electric cars batteries describes this risk. Moreover, the INERIS studies show that: "From a metrological point of view, measuring fluoride ions produced during a fire remains a delicate operation"
Concentration of released hydrofluoric acid is variable and depends on the quantity of electrolyte burnt in the combustion process and the combustion temperature.
Other toxic gases are also produced and released during the electrolyte combustion (carbon oxides from combustion of ethylene and propylene carbonates).
To prevent leaking or burning of the battery, very cautious manipulation of Li-ion batteries is recommended
What to do in case of Leaking Li-ion battery?
When a leak is observed from a Li-ion battery, the leaking liquid may contain hydrofluoric acid. Absorption of the liquid residue with an adapted absorbent is necessary. The use of a neutralizing absorbent for acidic chemicals such as neutralizing absorbent ACICAPTAL® or polyvalent neutralizing absorbent TRIVOREX® is recommended. Personal protective equipment is also recommended.
In the event of a cutaneous or ocular exposure to a liquid from a Li-ion Battery, an optimized decontamination is necessary. Exposure to hydrofluoric acid requires adapted decontamination and medical advice.
Hexafluorine® solution is an emergency washing solution specially designed to answer to hydrofluoric hazard: discover Hexafluorine® solution
What to do in case of combustion of a Li-ion battery?
Li-ion batteries from electric or hybrid cars are usually isolated and protected so that they do not release hydrofluoric vapors in case of combustion.
During a car accident, if the battery ignites, contact with released vapors should be avoided as much as possible.
In the event of a cutaneous or ocular exposure to a liquid from a Li-ion Battery, an optimized decontamination is necessary. Exposure to hydrofluoric acid requires adapted decontaminationand medical advice.
Hexafluorine® solution is an emergency washing solution specially designed to respon dto hydrofluoric hazard: discover Hexafluorine® solution
 Overview of Lithium-ion batteries, Panasonic, 2007 The analytical and descriptive inorganic chemistry of the hydrolysis of hexafluoropnictate ions PnF6-, M.Ponikvar, B. Zemva, J.F. Liebman, J. Fluor. Chem. 2003, 123, 217-220. Wang, Q., Sun, J. and Chu, G., 2005. Lithium Ion Battery Fire And Explosion. Fire Safety Science 8: 375-382. doi:10.3801/IAFSS.FSS.8-375 _URL_ _URL_


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Converts the value of the current DateTime object to its equivalent short time string representation.
Assembly: mscorlib (in mscorlib.dll)
The value of the current DateTime object is formatted using the pattern defined by the DateTimeFormatInfo.ShortTimePattern property associated with the current thread culture. The return value is identical to the value returned by specifying the "t" standard DateTime format string with the ToString(String) method.
The string returned by the method is culture-sensitive. It reflects the pattern defined by the current culture's DateTimeFormatInfo object. For example, for the en-US culture, the standard short time pattern is "h:mm tt"; for the de-DE culture, it is "HH:mm"; for the ja-JP culture, it is "H:mm". The specific format string on a particular computer can also be customized so that it differs from the standard short time format string.
For more information about the current thread culture, see the CurrentCulture property. For more information about format characters, format patterns, and the output they produce, see the Formatting Types in the.NET Framework topic. For more information about changing the format pattern associated with a format character, see the DateTimeFormatInfo class.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


10 Times Packaging Went Overboard
Whether it's a tiny item in a big box or an insane amount of Bubble Wrap, some retailers take packaging too far.
If you do as much online shopping as we do, you've probably run into over-packaging before. You ordered something small, and it arrived at your house in a box large enough to store your entire wardrobe (with the Bubble Wrap to match). Or you ordered 10 things, and they all came in individual boxes.
Over-packaging isn't just frustrating; it's creating a big problem. Packaging materials make up more than 40% of the solid waste stream in the United States, according to Packaging Digest. Most of that ends up in a landfill.
We all know the drill: reduce, reuse, recycle. But why aren't our favorite online retailers on board? We found 10 examples of ridiculous packaging that prove it's time for retailers to rethink how products are shipped.
memory card packaging
The Nesting SD Card
It started out as an SD card. Then it got shoved into a plastic protective case. Then the plastic protective case got its own plastic clamshell cover. Finally, it shipped to the consumer in a massive box, complete with a seemingly endless roll of wrapping paper. Maybe nesting SD cards are the new collectors' items?
toy set packaging
Maybe Amazon Thought It Was a Real Car?
Our second example appears to be a child's small toy car set. These sets are typically lightweight and come in very small boxes, but the toy was shipped in a box large enough to fit a small car.
Okay, maybe that's an exaggeration. Nevertheless, the box and packing materials are a little much.
packaging for phone
Or Maybe It's Nesting Boxes?
In our next example, we can place the blame squarely on the retailer. This Flickr user ordered a new smartphone. You know, those fancy, streamlined, thin-as-a-piece-of-paper things you can fit in your pocket? The phone was packaged neatly into a tiny box, which was put into a slightly larger box, which was then put into a huge box.
box with SD card
The SD Cards Are Back
Maybe the real lesson here is to never order an SD card online unless you need a huge box for moving. Here's another example of a small, lightweight SD card being shipped in a box that's big enough to almost cover an entire desk.
packaging for ruler
How Many Air Bags Does It Take to Keep a Ruler Safe?
We count 20. A customer ordered a single ruler off of Amazon. The ruler does fit lengthwise in the bottom of the box, and technically the 20 pieces of protective packaging fit, too. We're just not sure they were necessary.
packaging for paring knives
Don't Play With Knives, Kids
Knives should probably be packaged pretty securely — even if they're plastic — but this might be too much. Each paring knife was wrapped in protective cardboard and placed in its own box. Then the three boxes were placed in another even larger box and wrapped with air cushions. Overkill? We think so.
packaging for maple syrup
Sometimes It Isn't the Size of the Box
One of our biggest gripes? Not just getting too large a box, but getting too many shipments. This plastic container of maple syrup was shipped separately from the rest of the order. With plenty of space in that huge box, it looks like the items could have been shipped together.
packaging for socket organizers
Organizing Your Organizers
Maybe Sears knew this customer was pro-organization? The person did buy socket organizers, after all. Perhaps the company was just trying to show off its skills to a fellow enthusiast by packing each organizer neatly in its own box?
box with inflatable packaging
A Tranquil Sea of Bubbles
We're not sure what's going on here. The item is clearly unprotected on one side, but oh-so-protected on the other. In fact, there is so much inflatable packaging perfectly in place, it's almost peaceful to look at. If only all that plastic wasn't going to waste.
packaging for padded envelopes
Padding for Your Padding
How do you ship padded envelopes? With even more padding, of course! This customer's set of padded mailers were placed in a box, wrapped with inflatable packaging, and then placed in another box. If only a padded envelope had a way of protecting itself.
Readers, what examples of ridiculous packaging do you have to share? Let us know in the comments below!
DealNews Contributing Writer
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In the past year, I have had the opposite problem with Amazon's shipments of paperback books. They have been under-protected and as such, I have had to return most, if not all, of them.
I have the name of a merchant who is the perfect example of all of the above. Jet.com, I love you, but your packaging skills need work.
I buy a lot from Ebay when i'm not in a hurry and Ebay sellers know the bigger a package the less profit. SD cards come in envelopes, boxes are filled with product not air.
like the person below me I used to think Prime was the answer. However, I'm starting to see a lot of items change to "add on items" this is a marketing strategy to get consumers to spend more to get stuff to ship. Prime members are not excluded from having to pay $25 or more for it to ship.
I once had to get something for amazon but was just less than a dollar under the free shipping threshold. I searched for something as a filler, I found an item that was perfect. It was some product manual. I expected it to be shipped together. But amazon shipped it separate (why then enforce, with the paper manual in its own box, not an envelope. I kept that box unopened for a long time to be reminded of the waste that comes along with online shopping. Later I got Prime and don't need to worry about fillers.
send extra packaging to texas.


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We present a new formula which models the rate of decline of supernovae (SN) as given by the light curve in various bands. The physical basis is the conversion of the flux of kinetic energy into radiation. The two main components of the model are a power law dependence for the radius–time relation and a decreasing density with increasing distance from the central point. The new formula is applied to SN 1993J, SN 2005cf, SN 1999ac, and SN 2001el in different bands.
Wed, 19 Mar 14


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Motor recalibration of visual and saccadic maps
Tyralla, Sandra; Pomè, Antonella; Zimmermann, Eckart (2023), Motor recalibration of visual and saccadic maps, Dryad, Dataset, _URL_
How does the brain maintain an accurate visual representation of external space? Movement errors following saccade execution provide sufficient information to recalibrate motor and visual space. Here, we asked whether spatial information for vision and saccades is processed in shared or in separate resources. We used saccade adaptation to modify both saccade amplitudes and visual mislocalization. After saccade adaptation was induced, we compared participants' saccadic and perceptual localization before and after we inserted "no error" trials. In these trials, we clamped the post-saccadic error online to the predicted end points of saccades. In separate experiments, we either annulled the retinal or the prediction error. We also varied the number of "no error" trials across conditions. In all conditions, we found that saccade adaptation remained undisturbed by the insertion of "no error" trials. However, mislocalization decreased as a function of the number of trials in which zero retinal error was displayed. When the prediction error was clamped to zero, no mislocalization was observed at all. The results demonstrate the post-saccadic error is used separately to recalibrate visual and saccadic space.
Marie Curie, Award: 101029574–APPROVE
European Research Council, Award: 757184– moreSense


text:
Dev Fest Bishkek 2019
A remote talk held on 14th December 2019 for The Bishkek Dev Fest.
I tested an application for about a day, making notes, and then generalised these into lessons learned and categorise of Test Sessions to help build a better model of how I approach testing.
A Guide to Testing Web Applications
Have you ever wondered how other people test applications? Not in theory, but in practice? What thought processes are used? How did they model the application? What tools were used? How did they track the testing? That's what this talk is all about. This talk will be based on a short Case Study of testing an open source web application. Why open source? Because then there is no commercial confidentiality about the process, tools or thought processes. Alan will explain his thought processes, coverage, approaches, tools used, risks identified and results found. And generalise from this into reusable models and principles that can be applied to your testing. This covers the What?, and the Why? of practical exploratory web testing.
Notes and Slides
- The notes that I made during my testing sessions have been collated into a pdf
- and you can see the detail of the notes I take
- hopefully they are understandable, but remember they were designed to support me, not you
- if this was a real project, and you needed to understand them, we would debrief and I would explain them
The slides are available as slides on slideshare
Below are some of the animated gifs I use in the talk to showcase some of my notes.


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Heal from Within when you Change an Atom's Spin
Can you change an atom's spin?So the atom has a nucleus and it spins. It spins to such a degree that it can change the very components that comprise it. The atom is a key element of everything on Earth from the way it moves, to its total physicality. As such it is a building block for all that exists in this earth realm. Its significance here is most evident. But how can its spin change and what healing will that offer?
The atom is a microscopic thing, being so very small and yet playing such a big role in this world. It is the key (in many ways) to shape your reality and your ability to heal. As we have said, the mind has the power to reshape an atom and can eliminate illnesses within the body as you may already know.
So why hasn't more been done to promote this line of thinking? If it is the key component to so many things, why not explore this modality more fully?
More will be given in time, but it is through your focused attention that a more balanced spin can be created. There are other methods that might be employed too, but the ultimate aim is to shift your overall energy so that you might engage with life differently. See things and focus upon those things you like rather than dwelling on what does not bring you happiness. Healing is a part of the mix of what might be accomplished when you want to heal some issues within your mind or body. All is possible and so do allow this to be absorbed, understood, and believed.
Healing Energy
Yes, when you focus the mind by sending healing energy to areas that are less than they should be, healing can take place and rapid changes can result. It is true, that each one has all the tools they need to heal so many things within their world. Yet it seems a distant enterprise to consider this premise, much less to consistently do those things which will move all restorative aspects into being.
So here we are. Each has the tools needed, and the very tools sought are within reach. They are stored safely within. Ready and accessible when you are ready and willing to engage them.
Emotions Affect Life in Their Formation
How To Get Good Advice, Trust Inner Guidance
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Check mails every few minutes? Lose the habit for less stress, high productivity
ET Bureau Sep 14, 2012, 06.40AM IST
Can't get through the day without checking your email every few minutes? Maybe it's time to change that habit. Recent experiments conducted at the University of California show that even temporarily disconnecting from your inbox will do wonders for your stress levels. Not to mention the added boost to productivity.
UC Irvine informatics professor Gloria Mark who led this study first monitored a group of people as they went about their daily routine. Then, they were made to disconnect from email completely. Using various sensors, different aspects of the persons behaviour were monitored. They measured the heart rate as well as the intervals between heartbeats to determine heart rate variability, a common measure for stress. After a few days, a clear pattern emerged which showed reduced stress levels.
Also interesting to note was how people went about their interactions during this ban on email. Naturally, most ended up having more face to face interactions with their co-workers and walking around the office more, all of which has been proven to have long term benefits. While completely cutting off from email isn't possible, not responding the very second you see a notification might still help.


Navvab Safavi
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Navvab Safavi, leader of the group Fadayan-e Islam
Sayyid Navvab Safavi (born Mojtaba Mir-Lowhi) (1923 – 1955) was a cleric responsible for founding of the Fadayan-e Islam group and with them the assassination of several leading Iranians, primarily politicians who supported the government of the Shah.
Early life[edit]
Born in Khānīābād (southern Tehran) into a known religious family in 1923,[1] He received primary education in Tehran and left school after eighth grade when his father died.[1] Later, Safavi studied in Najaf, Iraq and worked in Abadan's petroleum installations in the province of Khuzestan for a while. He is said to have been known for his striking looks and his "mesmerizing" speaking ability.[2] He later changed his name to Navvab Safavi to identify with the Shiite dynasty, Safavids.[1] His new name means the deputies of the Safavids.[1]
Safavi founded the Fadayan-e Islam organization in 1945,[1] and began recruiting like-minded individuals. Like the Ikhwan (Muslim Brotherhood), Navvab-Safavi believed that Islamic society needed to be purified. To do this he organized carefully planned assassinations to rid Islam of "corrupting individuals," often prime ministers of Iran's government.
Amir Taheri claims that Safavi was "the man who introduced Ayatollah Khomeini to the Muslim Brotherhood and their ideas," who "spent long hours together" with Khomeini in discussion, and visited him in Qom on a number of occasions during 1943 and 1944.[3] However, this is contradicted by the fact that the Muslim Brotherhood is a fundamentalist Sunni organisation that is against Shi'a Islam and considers it to be a heresy.[4]
He and his organization were responsible for the assassinations, or attempted assassinations of politicians Abdolhosein Hazhir, Hossein Ala (he survived the attempt), Prime Minister Haj Ali Razmara,[5] historian Ahmad Kasravi,[5] and Teymur Bakhtiar.
Safavi and his group were closely associated with Ayatollah Abol-Ghasem Kashani and supported but were not members of Mohammed Mosaddeq's National Front. Safavi worked with Kashani, helping organize bazaar strikes against Premier Ahmad Qavam, public meetings in support of Palestinian Arabs, and a violent demonstration in 1948 against Premier Abdolhossein Hazhir.[6] When the Shah appointed National Front leader Mohammed Mossadegh to the post of prime minister, Safavi expected his objectives would be furthered.[citation needed] He demanded the government drive the British out, and that it release "with honor and respect" the assassin of Razmara. When that didn't happen, Safavi announced "We have broken away irrevocably from Kashani's National Front. They promised to set up an Islamic country according to the precepts of the Koran. Instead they have imprisoned our brothers." He later warned, "There are others who must be pushed down the incline to hell."[citation needed]
However relations between Kashani and Safavi, not to mention Mosaddeq, became "strained." On 10 May 1951, Navvab Safavi declared: 'I invite Musadizz, other members of the National Front and Ayatollah Kashani, to an ethical trial,'[7]
Navvab Safavi escorted by Iranian police to the court
Arrest and execution[edit]
Prime Minister Mosaddeq, who was preocupied with the nationalization of the oil industry, found these activities "disruptive." On 8 June 1951 he ordered the arrest of Safavi, who stayed there until his release in February 1953. Six months later Mosaddeq was overthrown in a coup d'état. Like Kashani, Safavi supported the coup against Mosaddeq and "in the years immediately following the coup Navvab Safavi enjoyed a close association with the court and the government of Prime Minister General Fazlollah Zahedi." By 1955 it became clear the regime would not be instituting strict enforcement of Shariah law and Islamization of Iran, and was instead becoming more pro-Western. On 22 November, after an unsuccessful attempt to assassinate Hosein Ala, Navvab Safavi and some of his followers were arrested. Following a summary trial Safavi and three other members of Fadayan-e Islam were executed on 25 December. The clerical establishment did not attempt to intervene on their behalf.[7]
See also[edit]
 1. ^ a b c d e Said Amir Arjomand (1984). From Nationalism to Revolutionary Islam. SUNY Press. p. 158. ISBN 978-0-7914-9524-7. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
 2. ^ Taheri, The Spirit of Allah, (1985), p. 98
 3. ^ Taheri, The Spirit of Allah (1985), p. 98, 102.
 4. ^ Egypt's Shiite Minority: Between the Egyptian Hammer and the Iranian Anvil from the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs
 6. ^ Ervand Abrahamian, Iran between Two Revolutions (Princeton University Press, 1982), pp. 258-9.
 7. ^ a b Islamic Utopia in Pre-Revolutionary Iran: Navvab Safavi and the Fada'ian-e Eskam, Sohrab Behdad Middle Eastern Studies, January 1997
 - Mazandi, Yousof (United Press Iranian correspondent) and Edwin Muller, Government by Assassination, Reader's Digest, September 1951.
 - Taheri, Amir. The Spirit of Allah Khomeini and the Islamic revolution, Bethesda, Maryland : Adler & Adler, c1985
External links[edit]


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Environmental Health Indicators
An environmental health indicator is a measure of health, environmental quality, or sociodemographics used to help monitor the overall health of the population. The Environmental Health Investigations Branch compiled a report in 2001 which established criteria for such indicators and proposed 18 environmental health indicators for California in seven topic areas: (1) Sociodemographic; (2) Air Quality; (3) Pesticides; (4) Water Quality; (5) Waste/Topics; (6) Health; and (7) the California/Baja California Border Region. Basic statistical data are presented for each indicator, along with a definition, formula, significance, data characteristics, data limitations, and additional information. The National Environmental Health Tracking Program, in which California participates, also is recording environmental health indicators on a number of topics including asthma, air quality, water quality, carbon monoxide poisonings, and birth defects.
California Environmental Health Indicators Report
An environmental health indicator is a measure of health, environmental quality, or sociodemographics which is important for monitoring the overall health of the population of California....
California's New Environmental Health Tracking Programs
In the wake of 9/11, renewed resources and attention have been given to the nation's public health infrastructure, especially in the areas of surveillance of acute infectious illnesses and monitoring the...
Trends in the sex ratio of California births, 1960–1996
Study objective: The male sex ratio at birth (or the proportion of male births in a population) has been suggested as a sentinel environmental health indicator....
California Environmental Health Tracking Program (CEHTP)
-- California Environmental Health Tracking Program Improving Public Health With Better Information air quality asthma birth defects cancer carbon monoxide poisoning climate change drinking...
Environmental Health Indicator Report
-- An environmental health indicator is a measure of health, environmental quality, or sociodemographics which is important for monitoring the overall health of the population of California....
Geographic Information System (GIS) for the Border Region
-- Initiated in 2007, the Border GIS project inventories various types of environmental data for the Border region and assesses Environmental Health Indicators....
Sex Ratio Among California Births, _PHONE_
-- The male sex ratio at birth (or the proportion of births in a population that is male) has been suggested as a sentinel environmental health indicator....
NCEH Environmental Public Health Indicators Project
-- From CDC National Center for Environmental Health -- Environmental public health indicators (EPHIs) can be used to assess our health status or risk as it relates to our environment. They may be used to assess baseline status and trends, track program goals and objectives, and build core surveillance capacity in state and local agencies.
- Paul English, Lauren Wohl-Sanchez

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Mining Programs at Ontario Colleges
What to expect from a Mining Career
The mining industry is always looking for skilled professionals. Whether it's filling specialized roles in geological management or heading into the mines, there are plenty of career opportunities available. Mining programs at Ontario colleges prepare students with both mining techniques and widespread knowledge of geology and earth resources, so they can enter the mining career of their choice.
If you're interested in starting an in-demand career in the mining and geology industry, here's what you need to know. More
There are a few types of mining programs available, each with different focuses or different levels of training. These include:
- Mining Techniques. Mining techniques programs are introductory one-year certificate programs that prepare students for entry-level work in the mining industry or for continued mining education. Students learn basic geology, surveying and drafting skills along with a variety of mining methods that will prepare them for both underground and office work in core sampling, mapping, prospecting and more.
- Mining Engineering Technician / Technology. Mining engineering technician and technology programs are more advanced than the techniques programs. Both technician and technologist programs give students a broader and deeper understanding of geology and resources and may offer training on a larger variety of mining equipment. Mining-related skills, such as drilling and blasting, may also be introduced. Technician programs are typically two-year diploma programs while technology programs (offering the most comprehensive training) are generally three-year advanced diploma programs.
Some mining-related programs have specific focuses, like earth sciences and natural resources. These programs have a geotechnical focus and are made up of courses including (but not limited to) mineral studies, geophysics, soil studies and other earth science topics. Students learn to operate geological equipment that can be used in some mining and geological industry practices, such as geotechnical and environmental assessment.
General Mining Program Requirements
Ontario college mining programs typically require an Ontario Secondary School Diploma (OSSD) or equivalent. Academic requirements will vary depending on the program, but generally include senior math and chemistry or physics courses. A grade 12 English credit is often required for technician and technology programs.
Mining Jobs and Salaries
Depending on your chosen program, jobs in the mining industry range from entry-level to more advanced positions, and will include roles such as:
- Mine Manager or Production Supervisor
- Underground Mining Worker
- Surveyor, Project Manager / Engineer
- Geologist Assistant
- Mining Administration
The average starting salary for graduates of mining programs at Ontario colleges is $36,000 a year, with the potential to earn much more. Experienced mine managers and mine workers typically have salaries between $60,000 and $90,000 a year, or even higher depending on the location and type of mining.
Ontario Colleges Offering Mining Programs
Use the left-column navigation to refine your search by College, Program Availability, Program Start Date and more, or see the table below for a complete list of mining programs at Ontario colleges. Less
|Program Title||College||Campus||Availability||Program Length||Start Date||Website|


What is a Shadow Mask?
A shadow mask is a precision, micromachined sheet that is used to deposit material onto a substrate. Shadow masks, also known as stencils or deposition masks, are used in a wide range of different vacuum-chamber evaporation and sputtering processes to fabricate both simple and complex semiconductor, micro-engineered electronic components and variety of products in the consumer and life science world.
One of the common areas that shadow masks are increasingly being used is the flat panel LED market to deposit inks and other organic materials onto substrates during the manufacturing process of flat panel LED and OLED displays.
Commonly Used Materials for Shadow Masks
Traditionally shadow masks are made out of thin stainless steel. You can also find shadow masks being made from other metal alloys such as nickel. A potential drawback to many of these types of shadow masks, or stencils, is that the material can be difficult to machine, their surfaces are difficult to clean and often result in being used only once.
At Citrogrene, we specialize in glass micromachiningOur shadow masks and stencils can be made from from glass. Our proprietary laser machining process allows us to produce high precision shadow masks and stencils that can be used multiple times before requiring cleaning, which Citrogene also provides as a service. The Citrogene process of making shadow masks is a very cost-effective solutions to traditional metal masks.
shadow mask
Shadow Mask Applications
Shadow masks can be found in a wide range of applications. Here's a list of the most common application of shadow masks:
OTFTs (Electrodes)
Photovoltaics (Solar Energy Cells)
User Defined Masks
MEMS Devices
Alignment Targets
Encoder Disks
Biomedical Devices
Optical Devices
What is a Shadow Mask Used For?
Citrogene: Custom Shadow Masks Manufacturer
Citrogene is proud to offer a proprietary process for manufacturing custom shadow masks. Unlike other manufacturers, Citrogene can produce shadow masks using glass, as opposed to metal. This allows our shadow masks to be used multiple times and are easily cleaned. Connect with us today or submit your shadow mask design directly to get started.


text:
Realigning Economic Incentives for Depression Care at UCSF
- First Online:
- Cite this article as:
- Feldman, M.D., Ong, M.K., Lee, D.L. et al. Adm Policy Ment Health (2006) 33: 34. doi:10.1007/s10488-_PHONE_-3
- 59 Downloads
Behavioral health carve-out arrangements create financial disincentives for primary care providers (PCPs) to treat depression. A novel collaboration between a primary care practice, a health insurer, and a managed behavioral health organization (MBHO) allows PCPs to receive reimbursement and schedule longer appointments to care for depressed patients. This article describes the details of the arrangement, and early results of this collaboration. Early results find that financial incentives are critical for implementation, but that time incentives do not appear to motivate PCPs. Sustainability of this model will require participation of multiple primary care practices, health insurers, and MBHOs.


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I have an array of objects, some of which respond to :description, and I want to get the description from the first one with a truthy description. I could do this:
objects.detect{|o| o.try(:description)}.description
or this:
objects.map{|o| o.try(:description)}.detect{|o| o}
but the first isn't DRY (description is in there twice) and the second iterates through the whole array before finding the value. Is there anything in the ruby standard library, or in Rails' extensions to it, which would let me do something like this:
objects.detect_and_return{|o| o.try(:description)}
I know I could write it easily enough, but the standard libraries are big enough that I might not need to. Is there a function which works like my detect_and_return?
share|improve this question
Is there a functional programming term for this (apart from lazy evaluation)? – Andrew Grimm Aug 14 '11 at 23:29
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1 Answer
up vote 6 down vote accepted
I haven't seen such a method, and the closest I found was a method capture_first which I found in the gem merb-cache. Seems they stumbled on the same problem and implemented this:
module Enumerable
 def capture_first
 each do |o|
 return yield(o) || next
You could also take a look at the Array and Enumerable methods in the Ruby facets library and see if you find something similar. Facets contains quite a lot of goodies, so you might get lucky.
share|improve this answer
Indeed - Enumerable#find_yield, aka Enumerable#map_detect. Thanks - I'd not heard about facets before. – Simon Aug 3 '11 at 13:45
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text:
Entitlements System Features
Styra DAS for cloud-native Entitlements provides the following key features:
- Policy management lifecycle: Styra DAS provides policy lifecycle management capabilities, which include authoring policy, testing, deploying, and monitoring. It is explicitly designed to manage OPA and OPA policies throughout the entire lifecycle. Different policy authoring interfaces enable different personas to write policies and help others in the organization write policies.
- Data management: Data management relies on data that come from one or more systems of record that are often tier 0 (tier zero) services like Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) or Active Directory (AD). Synchronizing this data with Styra DAS is required to distribute the relevant data to the OPAs that need it through encrypted channels and keep those OPAs up to date as the systems of record change.
- Enterprise-grade governance: Often, Entitlements are the responsibility of multiple users throughout the organization. Examples of governance include ensuring proper controls over who can change policies when they can be deployed, what tests must pass, and what impact threshold must be met before release.
- API driven: Styra DAS is 100% API driven with Styra DAS Self-Hosted or Styra DAS SaaS offering. Styra DAS integrates with tools like Git, Prometheus, Kubernetes, S3, Datadog, and Slack.


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A new GLO Discussion Paper investigates whether the socio-economic disadvantages that platform workers are likely to face are primarily channeled through lower incomes or more precarious working conditions. They are primarily students and face greater economic insecurity relative to all other occupations.
The Global Labor Organization (GLO) is an independent, non-partisan and non-governmental organization that functions as an international network and virtual platform to stimulate global research, debate and collaboration.
GLO Discussion Paper No. 821, 2021
Platform Work and Economic Insecurity: Evidence from Italian Survey Data – Download PDF
by Cirillo, Valeria & Guarascio, Dario & Parolin, Zachary
GLO Fellow Dario Guarascio
Author Abstract: The emergence of the platform economy has served as a defining feature of increasing fragmented labour markets in modern economies. Recent research on platform work, however, has struggled to quantify the socio-economic conditions of platform workers relative to other occupation groups. Moreover, it remains unclear if the socio-economic disadvantages that platform workers are likely to face are primarily channeled through lower incomes or their more precarious working conditions. This study uses representative survey data of platform workers in Italy to investigate their size, composition, and socioeconomic conditions relative to individuals in other occupations. Our findings reveal that platform workers tend to be students and of younger age, but are diverse with respect to sex, educational attainment, and native-born status. We find that platform workers face greater economic insecurity relative to all other occupation classes. Strikingly, they also feature a rate of economic insecurity that is not significantly different from that of unemployed adults. Moreover, we find that the higher levels of insecurity are not primarily channeled through lower incomes; instead, higher rates of insecurity persist even when taking family incomes into account, suggesting that the precarity and volatility of platform work matter as much as income differences in shaping economic disadvantage. Results hold under analyses that account for selection into platform work. Our findings carry important consequences for understandings of the intensity and sources of socioeconomic disadvantage of individuals engaged in platform work.
GLO Discussion Papers are research and policy papers of the GLO Network which are widely circulated to encourage discussion. Provided in cooperation with EconStor, a service of the ZBW – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, GLO Discussion Papers are among others listed in RePEc (see IDEAS, EconPapers). Complete list of all GLO DPs – downloadable for free.


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Dome A - coldest place on Earth
|Coordinates:||80.3671 S 77.3729 E|
|No:||155 (list of all attractions)|
|Category:||Meteorological phenomena, Other natural landmarks|
|Address:||Antarctic and Sub-antarctic region, Antarctica, Dome Argus|
|Alternate name:||Dome Argus|
This is Dome C, 1200 km from Dome A, taken from 32 m height. Landscape at Dome A looks the same.
Stephen Hudson, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0.
The eventual coldest place on Earth is located on one of the highest places of Antarctica - on Dome A (Dome Argus). Thus far the lowest measured temperature reached here -82.5°C (July 2005) but scientists consider that it might fall even as low as -102°C.
"Dome Argus" was named by the researchers of Scott Polar Research Institute. Name "Argus" is taken from the Greek mythology - Argus is builder of the ship of argonauts. Most likely Argus in his worst dreams could not imagine that there exist such cold places.
Visually Dome A looks like most other places in Antarctica - an endless, flat, lifeless plain. Landscape consists of white snow and sky above it.
Dome A is the highest part of Eastern Antarctic ice shield. The ice near it is at least 2,400 m thick and below the Dome A is located Gamburtsev Mountain Range. These mountains reach height up to 2,700 m and in many ways are similar to Alps. It is possible that the development of Eastern Antarctic ice shield started from the glaciers of this mountain range in late Eocene some 35 million years ago.
Area around Dome A is extremely flat - if Dome A is located 4092.5 m above the sea level, the lowest spot in 30 km distance around it is 4,090.2 m above the sea level - height difference over 30 km is only 2.3 m.
Yearly precipitation here is around 10 mm of snow - it is one of the driest places on Earth. Area is also very calm, although there is little data about the speed of wind in winter here (installed anemometres does not work properly at these extreme temperatures).
The lowest temperature ever recorded has been registered in 1983 in Russian station Vostok: -89.2°C.
Dome A though is located some 600 m higher than Vostok. Automatic meteorological station was installed here in January 2005 and already in July 2005 there was registered -82.5°C. Currently, as Wondermondo writes this article (27th September 2010), the temperature 1 m above the land surface is -71°C. Temperature falls below -80°C almost every winter. In summer in rare cases the temperature here rises above -10°C but usually is between -20 - -40°C.
Deep the ice it is not any better: at 10 m depth the temperature is -58.3°C.
Weather in Dome A is very calm. During the cold winters a specific phenomenon is observed - inversion. The coldest air is closer to the land surface, while several metres higher the temperature is some 10°C higher. This is caused by the cooling effect of snow surface and lack of wind which elsewhere would mix this cold air with the warmer air above it.
It is possible though that Dome A is not the coldest place on Earth. 144 km south-west from Dome A has been identified Ridge A which might have even lower temperatures.
There is accumulated 1 - 3 cm of snow over Dome A in a year. Densification of snow is approximately 1 - 2 cm per year. Thus the ice shield gets very thin "annual rings", each of them recording information about the climatic conditions of respective year.
Due to this Dome A is valuable site for climatic research - layers have been acumulated without any local disturbances, they are thin and thus one should not go too deep to reach very old ice. Research here would provide very valuable information about the climate in past.
Chinese expeditions and ambitions
Chinese Antarctic Research Expedition CHINARE-21 was the first who arrived in this remote place in January 2005. Under the bright summer Sun they made several important scientific research activities - extracted 110 m long ice core sample and installed automatic meteorological station built by Australians. It is expected that this station continuously will collect data for 20 years and send it to satellite. Data can be seen online here.
Ambitions of Chinese scientists did not end with this. The next expedition installed automatic astronomical observatory PLATO in January 2008. This station worked well for 208 days when energy supplies ended and thus far is serviced and restarted every summer. The science made by PLATO can be learned here and current situation can be seen on these webcams. In fact these webcams show that some accumulation of snow due to winds is taking place here.
In 2009 the construction of the most extreme Antarctic research station - Kunlun Station - was started. For beginning, it, of course, is summer station.
The work here is extremely demanding. It is hard to breathe and one should be very careful not to damage his lungs. There are numerous problems which can not be imagined by people elsewhere in the world. Going to toilet outside premises seems to be mission impossible: at -60°C everything freezes stone hard immediately after leaving the body, or, if you are not well prepared and quick enough, shortly BEFORE leaving the body. Hands without handkerchiefs are damaged by frost in 3 minutes time at this temperature.
After working for 50 days at Dome A people are loosing weight - it is not possible to take wholesome food to this place.
Kunlun station is designed to persist in at least -93°C cold at wind speed of 12 m/s. This requires special engineered materials - common steel is not trustable at such conditions. It is planned to develop airport here as well. Station is located 1,200 km from the other Antarctic stations and is outside the range of helicopters - thus currently it is reached only with snowmobiles.
Dome A is one of the best locations on Earth for astronomical observations - for example, it is probably the only place on Earth where interstellar medium can be researched in terahertz frequencies. Much role in this program is taken by Australia which sees a possibility to develop world class astronomical observatory here.
See Dome Argus on the map of Antarctica!
- Australian Antarctic Division, Dome A: Colder than Cold. Accessed in 31st December 2011. Here you can look current temperature at Dome A - amazing!
- Xiao Cunde, Li Yuansheng, Ian Allison, Hou Shugui, Gabrielle Dreyfus, Jean-Marc Barnola, Ren Jiawen, Bian Lingen, Zhang Shenkai, Takao Kameda. Surface characteristics at Dome A, Antarctica: first measurements and a guide to future ice-coring sites. Annals of Glaciology 48, 2008. Accessed in 27 September 2010.


Public Release: Supercomputers join search for 'cheapium'
Duke engineers using brute force computing to find new materials
Duke University
IMAGE: This is Stefano Curtarolo, director of Duke University's Center for Materials Genomics. view more
Credit: Duke University
DURHAM, N.C. -- In the search for cheaper materials that mimic their purer, more expensive counterparts, researchers are abandoning hunches and intuition for theoretical models and pure computing power.
In a new study, researchers from Duke University's Pratt School of Engineering used computational methods to identify dozens of platinum-group alloys that were previously unknown to science but could prove beneficial in a wide range of applications.
Platinum is used to transform toxic fumes leaving a car's engine into more benign gasses, to produce high octane gasoline, plastics and synthetic rubbers, and to fight the spread of cancerous tumors. But as anyone who has ever shopped for an engagement ring knows, platinum ain't cheap.
"We're looking at the properties of 'expensium' and trying to develop 'cheapium,'" said Stefano Curtarolo, director of Duke's Center for Materials Genomics. "We're trying to automate the discovery of new materials and use our system to go further faster."
Now it is up to experimentalists to produce these new materials and discover their physical properties. Previous studies have shown that Curtarolo's methods are highly accurate in generating recipes for new, stable compounds, but they don't provide much information about their behaviors.
"The compounds that we find are almost always possible to create," said Curtarolo. "However, we don't always know if they are useful. In other words, there are plenty of needles in the haystack; a few of those needles are gold, but most are worthless iron."
In addition to identifying unknown alloys, the study also provides detailed structural data on known materials. For example, there are indications that some may be structurally unstable at low temperatures. This isn't readily apparent because creating such materials is difficult, requiring high temperatures or pressures and very long equilibration processes.
"We hope providing a list of targets will help identify new compounds much faster and more cheaply," said Curtarolo. "Physically going through these potential combinations just to find the targets would take 200 to 300 graduate students five years. As it is, characterizing the targets we identified should keep the experimentalists busy for 20."
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevX.3.041035


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Discovery one, Biological.
Biological: DISCOVERY ONE: CRIMINAL THINKING PATTERNS.
Point: Criminal thinking patterns differ from thinking patterns of a non -criminal. People who do not develop morally are moere likely to be associated with crime.
Evidence: Kolberg - 'theory of moral development', three stages:
egocentric cognitive development linked a deficit in moral reasoning and with a lack of empathy. the offenders who reason at preconventional stage have this lack of empathy.
1. Preconventional stage: this is the stage that most children reason at. They have no personal code of morals, and have a lack of concious of what is right and wrong.
2. Conventional stage: the person can judge morality from a perspective of a social group or society, but when this is taken away they do not have their own rules within themselves.
3. Post conventional: This is when the person understands the rules and regulations of the government but understands that sometimes it is more important to break those rules in order to stick to their own conciounce or set of morals.
Hollins: found male offenders were predominantly reasoning at a preconventional level (stage 1 above) therefore had low moral development.
Discovery one, Biological.
Conclusion: This is useful because it tells us that people who commit crime are biologically predetermined to do so, they are biologically different. This can help the government to identify and help those with low moral development in order to prevent crime.
Discovery two, social reasons.
SOCIAL: CRIMINAL THINKING PATTERNS
Point: Social attitudes can effect the likelihood of crime being commited.
Evidence: Kannin - researched into **** and date **** (not the drug, but literally ****** on a date).
Kannin researched withmale students and previously convicted male rapists. He found that 1/3 of the students admitted to intoxicating a partner or falsly professing love in order to gain sex. This 'date ****' was often not seen as an offense by students or rapists, especially if they had slept with the person before, bought an expensive meal or they had history.
Kannin found little difference between the social cognitions (thinking patterns) of the rapists and the students.
Conclusion: This tells us that mens attitudes towards **** and sex need to be changed. The government need to stress that **** is not acceptable EVER.
DISCOVERY THREE: CRIMINAL THINKING PATTERNS
Point: Not all crime is impulsive.
Evidence: The Theory of planned behaviour can be applied to crime as it often involves offenders making a choice and then planning their behaviour (cost-gains analysis).
Benet and Wright - 59% of burglars targetted a specific house and waited until the circumstances were appropriate before breaking in. = crime is often more a practical than a moral problem.
Conclusion: Punishments should focus on attempting to modify the likely outcome of commiting the burglary so that they are less likely to attempt it eg in this case burgular alarms and better door and window locks.
DISCOVERY FOUR: CRIMINAL THINKING PATTERNS.
Point: Individual differences such as personality characteristics can meake soemone more likely to engage in criminal behaviour. (Vold - some individual differences are energising factors and dis-inhibitors thus raising the likelihood of crime).
Evidence: Type A behaviour personalitys (founded by Friedman) are more likely to be involved in crime than type B personalalitys. Type A personalitys are said to be more outgoing, thrillseekers and yet still more organised than the laid back and easy going personalitys that type B descibe.
Conclusion: This is useful because it identifies groups who are more vunerable to commiting crime, and shows that they should be targetted in crime prevention.


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In this simulation activity, students decide which of two companies, each using a different CRISPR genome-editing technology, to invest in. They engage with research on CRISPR genome editing to understand how unintended consequences of one technology used for this editing had real-world business implications. The storytelling element adds immediacy to the activity, making it imaginative and engaging, and students are pushed toward achieving higher levels of competence within Bloom's taxonomy for the subject area.... Read more about Simulated Investment in Genome Editing Technology
Faculty develop a national security crisis and simulate placing the students on the National Security Council Staff to develop strategic options to drive U.S. foreign policy. By thrusting students into positions of responsibility for solutions to real-world issues, this activity requires students to draw on what they have learned and to think on their feet, and it fosters a deeper appreciation for the challenges associated with working on foreign policy.


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of its components may be executed in that fashion. Also, make sure that you configure the application to listen for Queued Components. Otherwise, our current example will not create any results, since the application is not paying attention (although some may claim that this is a very accurate implementation of the wife/husband scenario). Once the application is set up for asynchronous execution, COM+ automatically creates several queues in MSMQ. You can see these queues in the MSMQ admin interface, which is available through Computer Management in your Administrative Tools. Figure 4 shows the queues set up for our current example. (Note: Since Queued Components are based on Microsoft Message Queue Server, the Queuing Service needs to be installed on your computer. See sidebar "MSMQ" for more information.)
Figure 3 - To activate asynchronous messaging, the entire COM+ Application needs to be configured for queuing. This is done in the application properties.
Figure 4 - COM+ automatically creates a number of queues for all COM+ Applications that are configured to be executed asynchronously.
We are now ready to add our new components to the Household COM+ Application. This is a very simple step. Right-click the Components node within the Household application and select the choice to add a new component. Then, just follow the steps of the wizard. Make sure that you choose to install a new component and select the DLL files from your hard drive, rather than selecting a registered component from the registry. Selecting a pre-registered component will not read the component's type library properly, resulting in missing information about the component's interface.
At this point, we've created a queued application and we've added a component (or several components depending on whether or not you've followed the COM+ Events example from the Spring 2000 issue). We now need to specify what components within the application can be executed in a queued fashion. Actually, we don't do this on a component-by-component basis, but rather on the interface level. Drill down into the component until you see the interfaces (in our example, both classes have one interface, but there could be more), and right-click to see the properties. In the Queuing page, check the Queued checkbox (see Figure 5). Again, this doesn't mean that the interface will always be executed asynchronously, but that it may be queued, depending on how it is called.
Figure 5 - Queuing is activated on an interface-by-interface basis.
Our First Asynchronous Call
Now it's time to use our first Queued Component. I will use Visual FoxPro's Command Window to instantiate the component, since this is the quickest and easiest way to do it. (For those of you who are not familiar with the Visual FoxPro Command Window: This window allows you to type in even complex commands, which are executed right away. It's one of my favorite Visual FoxPro features.)
Here is the code that instantiates the component as a queued component:
The Visual Basic code is very similar:
|Dim oHusband As VBQueuedHousehold.Husband|
"But hey, wait a minute," I hear you say. "This isn't standard object instantiation code!" And you are right. For Queued Components, we have to use GetObject() and a moniker instead of CreateObject() (see sidebar "Monikers" for more information). This allows COM+ to intervene in the object instantiation and create the recorder object instead of the real component. If we used CreateObject() instead, we would instantiate the component in synchronous mode. This allows us the flexibility to operate the same component in different modes. This is the only difference in source code between synchronous and asynchronous components.
Note that when instantiating Queued Components, you need to have appropriate access rights (see sidebar "Security Settings" for more information). In the current example, we do not enforce any access checks. Make sure that you turn security off for the entire application and set the authentication level to "none".
Now that we have a reference to the component, we can execute the method:
However, nothing happens when we do this. That's normal (as most wives will tell you). Remember that we are not really talking to our component, but to a recorder which tricks us into believing that it is the component. It will not start doing anything until we are finished recording a complete series of messages. One way to indicate the completion of the process is to release the object reference by setting it to nothing (in Visual Basic) or.F. (in Visual FoxPro).
However, when we do that, still nothing happens. That is strange, isn't it? Well, no, not really. What has happened so far was simply a recording being placed into the queue. In fact, you can look into the household queue and see the message that COM+ has created. So, how do we trigger the execution of the component? Well, to make this easy for now, simply right-click the Household application in the COM+ Catalog, and click Start. This triggers the COM+ player, and the component will actually execute, creating either the Done.txt file on your hard drive, or displaying the messagebox, depending on whether you instantiated the Visual FoxPro or the Visual Basic version.
Note that there is a peculiarity about this process: Once you start an application, it's not all that easy to shut it down. Even if you manually right-click and choose shut down, the component will behave differently the second time you execute it. In fact, it will fire right away, because the application hasn't really shut down. To force a shutdown, you actually have to close your instance of Visual FoxPro or Visual Basic (there is no difference between the two environments in this regard) and then right-click the application and shut it down. This results in interesting side effects when testing Queued Components, since there can seem to be inconsistencies in behavior each time a Queued Component is executed. Also, note that changes in the COM+ Application setup aren't applied until the application is shut down and restarted.
This seems very inconvenient, but it isn't a big problem in real applications, because Queued Components are typically called from other components that shut down frequently.
Starting the Components
So far, so good, but we cannot expect the user or system administrator to start the components manually when the time comes to perform the tasks (although some wives claim it takes several manual attempts to get the husband going). Luckily, we can programmatically start the components by communicating with the COM+ Catalog through its COM interface. This can be done from within the application that calls the Queued Component, or it can be done using a scheduled script or perhaps a scheduler application.
First, let's execute the application from within Visual FoxPro. Here's the code to do so:
|oCatalog = CreateObject ("COMAdmin.COMAdminCatalog")|
There is also a method to shut down the application. Note that the shutdown limitations described above apply.
As expected, the Visual Basic code isn't much different:
|DIM oCatalog AS COMAdmin.COMAdminCatalog|
|SET oCatalog = CreateObject("COMAdmin.COMAdminCatalog")|
There are a number of different ways this code can be executed. You can run it right after completing the Queued Component execution. This will force execution as soon as possible, which might be instantaneous, or might be much later in a scenario where the Queued Component runs on a different computer that is not currently available.
Often, Queued Components are meant to be executed at scheduled times. Statistics can be updated at night or on weekends, for instance. To accomplish this, we can use a scheduler application such as the Windows 2000 Server Tasks Scheduler. Here's a simple Visual Basic Script:
|SET oCatalog = CreateObject("COMAdmin.COMAdminCatalog")|
I put this code into a file named "schedule.vbs". The next step is to register this script with the task scheduler. Simply open the task scheduler, click "Add Scheduled Task", and follow the steps of the wizard. The trickiest part is to schedule a script rather than an application. To do so, first select wscript.exe from your Windows/System32 directory. In the last step of the wizard, bring up the advanced properties dialog and specify the full run-command including the script file that is to be executed:
You have great freedom in the way you schedule execution. Figure 6 shows the scheduler with a scheduled script.
Figure 6 - We can use the Windows 2000 Task Scheduler to execute Queued Components according to an exact schedule.
We can now go ahead and call the Queued Component from Visual FoxPro or Visual Basic without having to worry about starting the application. The schedule will then be executed automatically.
Thinking asynchronously is a weird concept! It means starting a thought, while being too impatient to wait for your own conclusion. This doesn't make a lot of sense (although I sometimes find myself in that very situation) unless you communicate the initial thought to someone else. If the thought is important, however, you need a way to see if the other person handled it and if they will eventually provide you with the solution. In many ways, that's exactly what happens with Queued Components.
Although the basic implementation of Queued Components is simple and straightforward, some of the implications are more severe than they first seem. The most important aspect is that the call made to a Queued Component needs to be self-sufficient. If your wife tells you to take out the garbage but doesn't tell you from what room, you can simply ask her for the missing information. This is not the case in a Queued Component. All of the information needs to be available when the component executes, or it has no choice but to fail. This raises the question of how we can handle that failure.
Considering that I'm not married, I


borrowed from French, which in turn derived it from ''alumen'', the classical Latin name for alum, the mineral from which it was collected. The Latin word ''alumen'' stems from the Proto-Indo-European root ''*alu-'' meaning "bitter" or "beer".
British chemist Humphry Davy, who performed a number of experiments aimed to isolate the metal, is credited as the person who named the element. The first name proposed for the metal to be isolated from alum was ''alumium'', which Davy suggested in an 1808 article on his electrochemical research, published in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. It appeared that the name was coined from the English word ''alum'' and the Latin suffix ''-ium''; however, it was customary at the time that the elements should have names originating in the Latin language, and as such, this name was not adopted universally. This name was criticized by contemporary chemists from France, Germany, and Sweden, who insisted the metal should be named for the oxide, alumina, from which it would be isolated. The English word name ''alum'' does not directly reference the Latin language, whereas ''alumine''/''alumina'' easily references the Latin word ''alumen'' (upon declension, ''alumen'' changes to ''alumin-''). One example was a writing in French by Swedish chemist Jöns Jacob Berzelius titled ''Essai sur la Nomenclature chimique'', published in July 1811; in this essay, among other things, Berzelius used the name ''aluminium'' for the element that would be synthesized from alum.. (Another article in the same journal issue also refers to the metal whose oxide forms the basis of sapphire as to ''aluminium''.) A January 1811 summary of one of Davy's lectures at the Royal Society mentioned the name ''aluminium'' as a possibility. The following year, Davy published a chemistry textbook in which he used the spelling ''aluminum''. Both spellings have coexisted since; however, their usage has split by region: ''aluminum'' is the primary spelling in the United States and Canada while ''aluminium'' is in the rest of the English-speaking world.
In 1812, British scientist Thomas Young wrote an anonymous review of Davy's book, in which he proposed the name ''aluminium'' instead of ''aluminum'', which he felt had a "less classical sound". This name did catch on: while the'spelling was occasionally used in Britain, the American scientific language used'from the start. Most scientists used'throughout the world in the 19th century, and it was entrenched in many other European languages, such as French, German, or Dutch. In 1828, American lexicographer Noah Webster used exclusively the ''aluminum'' spelling in his ''American Dictionary of the English Language''. In the 1830s, the'spelling started to gain usage in the United States; by the 1860s, it had become the more common spelling there outside science. In 1892, Hall used the'spelling in his advertising handbill for his new electrolytic method of producing the metal, despite his constant use of the'spelling in all the patents he filed between 1886 and 1903. It remains unknown whether this spelling was introduced by mistake or intentionally; however, Hall preferred ''aluminum'' since its introduction because it resembled ''platinum'', the name of a prestigious metal. By 1890, both spellings had been common in the U.S. overall, the'spelling being slightly more common; by 1895, the situation had reversed; by 1900, ''aluminum'' had become twice as common as ''aluminium''; during the following decade, the'spelling dominated American usage. In 1925, the American Chemical Society adopted this spelling. The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) adopted ''aluminium'' as the standard international name for the element in 1990. In 1993, they recognized ''aluminum'' as an acceptable variant; the most recent 2005 edition of the IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry acknowledges this spelling as well. IUPAC official publications use the'spelling as primary but list both where appropriate.
Production and refinement
Aluminium production is highly energy-consuming, and so the producers tend to locate smelters in places where electric power is both plentiful and inexpensive. As of 2019, the world's largest smelters of aluminium are located in China, India, Russia, Canada, and the United Arab Emirates, while China is by far the top producer of aluminium with a world share of fifty-five percent. According to the International Resource Panel's Metal Stocks in Society report, the global per capita stock of aluminium in use in society (i.e. in cars, buildings, electronics, etc.) is. Much of this is in more-developed countries ( per capita) rather than less-developed countries ( per capita).
Bayer process
Hall–Héroult process
The conversion of alumina to aluminium metal is achieved by the Hall–Héroult process. In this energy-intensive process, a solution of alumina in a molten () mixture of cryolite (Na3AlF6) with calcium fluoride is electrolyzed to produce metallic aluminium. The liquid aluminium metal sinks to the bottom of the solution and is tapped off, and usually cast into large blocks called aluminium billets for further processing. Anodes of the electrolysis cell are made of carbon—the most resistant material against fluoride corrosion—and either bake at the process or are prebaked. The former, also called Söderberg anodes, are less power-efficient and fumes released during baking are costly to collect, which is why they are being replaced by prebaked anodes even though they save the power, energy, and labor to prebake the cathodes. Carbon for anodes should be preferably pure so that neither aluminium nor the electrolyte is contaminated with ash. Despite carbon's resistivity against corrosion, it is still consumed at a rate of 0.4–0.5 kg per each kilogram of produced aluminium. Cathodes are made of anthracite; high purity for them is not required because impurities leach only very slowly. The cathode is consumed at a rate of 0.02–0.04 kg per each kilogram of produced aluminium. A cell is usually terminated after 2–6 years following a failure of the cathode. The Hall–Heroult process produces aluminium with a purity of above 99%. Further purification can be done by the Hoopes process. This process involves the electrolysis of molten aluminium with a sodium, barium, and aluminium fluoride electrolyte. The resulting aluminium has a purity of 99.99%. Electric power represents about 20 to 40% of the cost of producing aluminium, depending on the location of the smelter. Aluminium production consumes roughly 5% of electricity generated in the United States. Because of this, alternatives to the Hall–Héroult process have been researched, but none has turned out to be economically feasible.
Recovery of the metal through recycling has become an important task of the aluminium industry. Recycling was a low-profile activity until the late 1960s, when the growing use of aluminium beverage cans brought it to public awareness. Recycling involves melting the scrap, a process that requires only 5% of the energy used to produce aluminium from ore, though a significant part (up to 15% of the input material) is lost as dross (ash-like oxide). An aluminium stack melter produces significantly less dross, with values reported below 1%. White dross from primary aluminium production and from secondary recycling operations still contains useful quantities of aluminium that can be extracted industrially. The process produces aluminium billets, together with a highly complex waste material. This waste is difficult to manage. It reacts with water, releasing a mixture of gases (including, among others, hydrogen, acetylene, and ammonia), which spontaneously ignites on contact with air; contact with damp air results in the release of copious quantities of ammonia gas. Despite these difficulties, the waste is used as a filler in asphalt and concrete.
The global production of aluminium in 2016 was 58.8 million metric tons. It exceeded that of any other metal except iron (1,231 million metric tons). Aluminium is almost always alloyed, which markedly improves its mechanical properties, especially when tempered. For example, the common aluminium foils and beverage cans are alloys of 92% to 99% aluminium. The main alloying agents are copper, zinc, magnesium, manganese, and silicon (e.g., duralumin) with the levels of other metals in a few percent by weight. The major uses for aluminium metal are in: * Transportation (automobiles, aircraft, trucks, railway cars, marine vessels, bicycles, spacecraft, etc.). Aluminium is used because of its low density; * Packaging (cans, foil, frame etc.). Aluminium is used because it is non-toxic (see below), non-adsorptive, and splinter-proof; * Building and construction (windows, doors, siding, building wire, sheathing, roofing, etc.). Since steel is cheaper, aluminium is used when lightness, corrosion resistance, or engineering features are important; * Electricity-related uses (conductor alloys, motors, and generators, transformers, capacitors, etc.). Aluminium is used because it is relatively cheap, highly conductive, has adequate mechanical strength and low density, and resists corrosion; * A wide range of household items, from


Wednesday, May 4, 2011
GEM Overview
This is the script of a short intro I've given at the Linaro@UDS memory management summit in Budapest in spring 2011. Yep, it's a bit old...
The core idea of GEM is to identify graphic buffer objects with 32bit ids. The reason being "X runs out of open fds" (KDE easily reaches a few thousand).
The core design principle behind GEM is that the kernel is in full control of the allocation of these buffer objects and is free to move the around in any way it sees fit. This is to make concurrent rendering by multiple processes possible while userspace can still assume that it is in sole possession of the gpu - GEM means "graphics execution manager".
Below some more details on what GEM is and does, what it does _not_ do and how it relates to other graphic subsystems.
GEM does...
 - lifecycle management. Userspace references are associated with the drm fd and get reaped on close (in case userspace forgets about them).
 - per-device global names to exchange buffers between processes (eg dri2). These names are again 32bit ids. These global ids do not count as userspace references and don't prevent a buffer from being reaped.
 - it implements very few generic ioctls:
 - flink for creating a global name for a buffer object
 - open for getting a per-fd handle to a buffer object with a global name
 - close for dropping a per-fd handle.
 - a little bit of kernel-internal helpers to facilitate mmap (by blending multiple buffer objects into the single drm device address space) and a few other things.
That's it, i.e. GEM is very much meant to be as simple as possible.
Driver-specific GEM ioctls
The generic GEM stuff is obviously not very useful. So drivers implement
quite a bit driver-specific ioctls, like:
 - buffer creation. In recent kernels there is some support to create dumb scanout objects for KMS. But they're only really useful for boot-splashs and unaccelerated dumb KMS drivers. Creating buffers usable for rendering is only possible with driver specific ioctls.
 - command submission. An important part is mapping abstract buffer ids to actual gpu address (and rewriting batchbuffers with these). In the future, with support for virtual gpu address spaces this might change.
 - tiling management. The kernel needs to know this to correctly tile/detile buffers when moving them around (e.g. evicting from vram).
 - command completion signalling and gpu/cpu synchronization.
There are currently two approaches for implementing a GEM driver:
 - roll-your-own, used by drm/i915 (and sometimes getting flaked for NIH).
 - ttm-base: radeon & nouveau.
GEM does not...
This still leaves out a few things that I've seen mentioned as
ideas/requirements here and elsewhere:
- cross-device buffer sharing and namespaces (see below) and
- buffer format handling and mediation between different users (except
tiling as mentioned above). The reason here is that gpus are a mess
and one of the worst parts is format handling. Better keep that out
of the kernel...
KMS (kernel mode setting)
KMS is essentially just a port of the xrandr api to the kernel as an ioctl
 - crtcs feed (possible multiple) outputs and get their data from a framebuffer object. A major part of KMS is also the support for vsynced-pageflipping of framebuffers.
 - Internally there's some support infrastructure to simplify drivers (all the drm_*_helper.c code).
 - framebuffers are created from a opaque driver-specific 32bit id and a format description. For GEM drivers these ids name GEM objects, but that need not be: The recently merged qemu kms driver does not implement gem and has one unique buffer object with id 0.
 - as mentioned above there newly is a generic ioctl to create an object suitable as a dumb scanout (plus some support to mmap it).
 - currently KMS has no generic support for overlays (there are driver-specific ioctls in i915 and vmgfx, though). Jesse Barnes has posted an RFC to remedy this:
PRIME is a proof-of-concept implementation from Dave Airlie for sharing
GEM objects between drivers/devices: Buffer sharing is done with a list of
struct page pointers. While being shared, buffers can't be moved anymore.
No further buffer description is passed along in the kernel, format/layout
mediation is to be handled in userspace.
Blog-post describing the initial design for sharing buffers between an
integrated Intel igd and a discrete ATI gpu:
Other code using the same framework to render on an Intel igd and display
the framebuffer on an usb-connected displayport:;a=shortlog;h=refs/heads/udl-v2
GEM/KMS and fbdev
There's some minimal support to emulate an fbdev with a gem/kms driver.
Resolution can't be changed and it's unaccelerated. There's been some
muttering once in a while to better integrate this with either a kms
kernel console driver or by routing fbdev resolution changes to kms.
But the main use case is to display a kernel oops, which works. For
everything else there's X (or an EGL client that understands kms).
 1. And the slides for my little presentation about GEM/KMS at the graphics memory management summit at Linaro Connect in Budapest 2011:
 2. I was looking for a standard way to acquire a physical address of a GEM (in fact CMA) BO. Is there a standard IOCTL, or there is some issue with my approach?
 1. Nope, and if you try to do this from userspace, you're doing it wrong ;-) Userspace shouldn't require any knowledge of the physical location of gem objects. Usually such hacks are used to share buffers between different drivers, for which we now have the dma-buf framework.
 Also note that this article is pretty old, it only accidentally ended up at the top again due to a quickly-rectified operator error...
 2. I see... Yes I used physical addressing to share bo between DRM and V4L subsystems. But it is 3.5 and I don't remember if dma-buf was there.
 3. You mentioned about TTM and GEM, is it possible to have both exists in the kernel space to support different user space drivers under one system?
 1. Sure, e.g. radeon is TTM based and i915 is GEM based, and on a dual-gpu system you can use both.


See how Stencil fits into the entire Ionic Ecosystem ->
Stencil is part of the Ionic Ecosystem ->
Local Assets
Components usually need assets, such as images, videos or any kind of data files, Stencil includes certain features to make this task easy.
Component's assetsDirs
Lets dive in and look at an example of how to use local assets:
Below is an example of your Component's folder structure containing the component, the stylesheet, and an assets directory.
Below is the stencil-asset.tsx file which will correctly load the assets based on a property called src.
import { Component, Prop, getAssetPath, h } from '_USER_/core';
 tag:'stencil-asset',
 styleUrl:'stencil-asset.css',
 assetsDirs: ['assets']
export class StencilAsset {
 _USER_() image = "sunset.jpg";
 render() {
 return
As you can see from this example, the component decorator has the assetsDirs property, which points to the./assets folder, this instructs the Stencil compiler to copy that folder into the distribution folder (dist or www).
Then, within the component's logic, the getAssetPath function (imported from _USER_/core) is used to determine the absolute path from where the assets should be loaded from.
Use Cases
Some use cases we have come up with are:
 - Loading from a collection of SVGs
 - Loading and applying fonts on demand
 - Loading images or videos


text:
Walker Lake lies within a topographically closed basin in west-central Nevada and is the terminus of the Walker River. Much of the streamflow in the Walker River is diverted for irrigation, which has contributed to a decline in lake-surface altitude of about 150 feet and an increase in dissolved solids from 2,500 to 16,000 milligrams per liter in Walker Lake since 1882. The increase in salinity threatens the fresh-water ecosystem and survival of the Lahontan cutthroat trout, a species listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act. Accurately determining the bathymetry and relations between lake-surface altitude, surface area, and storage volume are part of a study to improve the water budget for Walker Lake. This report describes the updated bathymetry of Walker Lake, a comparison of results from this study and a study by Rush in 1970, and an estimate of the 1882 lake-surface altitude.
Bathymetry was measured using a single-beam echosounder coupled to a differentially-corrected global positioning system. Lake depth was subtracted from the lake-surface altitude to calculate the altitude of the lake bottom. A Lidar (light detection and ranging) survey and high resolution aerial imagery were used to create digital elevation models around Walker Lake. The altitude of the lake bottom and digital elevation models were merged together to create a single map showing land-surface altitude contours delineating areas that are currently or that were submerged by Walker Lake. Surface area and storage volume for lake-surface altitudes of 3,851.5-4,120 feet were calculated with 3-D surface-analysis software.
Walker Lake is oval shaped with a north-south trending long axis. On June 28, 2005, the lake-surface altitude was 3,935.6 feet, maximum depth was 86.3 feet, and the surface area was 32,190 acres. The minimum altitude of the lake bottom from discrete point depths is 3,849.3 feet near the center of Walker Lake. The lake bottom is remarkably smooth except for mounds near the shore and river mouth that could be boulders, tree stumps, logs, or other submerged objects.
The echosounder detected what appeared to be mounds in the deepest parts of Walker Lake, miles from the shore and river mouth. However, side-scan sonar and divers did not confirm the presence of mounds. Anomalies occur in two northwest trending groups in northern and southern Walker Lake. It is hypothesized that some anomalies indicate spring discharge along faults based on tufa-like rocks that were observed and the northwest trend parallel to and in proximity of mapped faults. Also, evaporation measured from Walker Lake is about 50 percent more than the previous estimate, indicating more water is flowing into the lake from sources other than the Walker River. Additional studies need to be done to determine what the anomalies are and whether they are related to the hydrology of Walker Lake.
Most differences in surface area and storage volume between this study and a study by Rush in 1970 were less than 1 percent. The largest differences occur at lake-surface altitudes less than 3,916 feet. In general, relations between lake-surface altitude, surface area, and storage volume from Rush's study and this study are nearly identical throughout most of the range in lake-surface altitude.
The lake-surface altitude in 1882 was estimated to be between 4,080 feet and 4,086 feet with a probable altitude of 4,082 feet. This estimate compares well with two previous estimates of 4,083 feet and 4,086 feet. Researchers believe the historic highstand of Walker Lake occurred in 1868 and estimated the highstand was between 4,089 feet and 4,108 feet. By 1882, Mason Valley was predominantly agricultural. The 7-26 feet decline in lake-surface altitude between 1868 and 1882 could partially be due to irrigation diversions during this time.


text:
School Libraries, Information Literacy and Reading Promotion Initiatives in Spain
School libraries in Spain have evolved very quickly in recent years. The educational authorities have been approving school library development policies, and this has greatly improved the situation of these libraries in Spain. This paper will discuss three different aspects of school libraries in Spain: their current situation, plans to promote reading, and information literacy activities. First, the current situation of school libraries in Spain will be discussed, based on different types of data relating to these libraries. Second, the information literacy initiatives that are being implemented in Spain will be analyse
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.


text:
Generating the Current
In 1984, Malcolm Brown and Anne Larsen bought the old generating site next to the dam and began the work of transforming the man-made lake into a resource capable of producing power. Hydro electricity is produced by directing water from Lake Jefferson into a pair of turbines, where the force of the moving water causes the turbine to spin. The spinning action of the turbine creates electricity by turning a shaft that is connected to a gearbox which in turn is connected to a generator. In order to bring water from the lake down to the turbines, a hole was punched through the core wall of the dam and a long steel tube called the penstock was attached to direct the falling water into two turbines (one 25 kw and one 45 kw) in the powerhouse situated below the dam.
Jeffersonville Hydroelectric Company began generating power in 1986, producing power for the powerhouse and selling the rest of the energy back to the utility NYSEG, New York State Electric and Gas. At full power, the hydroelectric facility can generate enough power for 20-25 homes.


text:
The Building of the Mill
When Mill #2 burned to the ground in 1921, the Company was eager to rebuild. Without a mill to process ore the Company could not make money.
The foundations of the Mill.
1922. BCMM# 13501
The start of construction on Mill #3 was more difficult than the Company expected. The schist bedrock, upon which the foundations were to be built, broke badly and much more rock had to be removed than was initially anticipated. The clearing process started almost immediately after the previous mill was destroyed and continued until March 1922. In April 1922, the Company started pouring the concrete foundations and the actual construction of the building began in July of that year. The structural frame contains1426 tonnes of steel (equivalent to the steel in nine jumbo jets) and the outside walls are 24 gauge corrugated galvanized iron covered with two coats of paint.
Upon its completion on January 26, 1923, the Mill was one of the most impressive gravity fed mills in North America. In this type of mill, the ore moves through the building by the use of gravity. The ore goes in at the top and the separated concentrate comes out the bottom. Using this method, the building did not need a complicated conveyor system.
The Mill is approximately 20 stories in height. It measures 270 feet high and 209 feet across, with a total volume of 3,027,000 cubic feet. Sunlight streams in through nearly 1200 windows containing 18,792 panes, equivalent to 22,300 square feet of glass.
At the time, the total cost of the building was $953,484.59, which included all construction materials and the machines inside. That amount would be over 250 million in today's dollars. The Mill was an engineering feat for its time, and mining and construction engineers from all over the world came to study it.
Playing baseball in front
of the Mill foundations.
1922. BCMM# 13503
The Mill under construction.
1922. BCMM# 13505l


text:
Venu Govindaraju, Sargur N. Srihari, David Sher
The human face is an object that is easily located in complex scenes by infants and adults alike. Yet the development of an automated system to perform this task is extremely challenging. This paper is concerned with the development of a computational model for locating human faces in newspaper photographs based on cognitive research in human perceptual development. In the process of learning to recognize objects in the visual world, one could assume that natural growth favors the development of the abilities to detect the more essential features first. Hence, a study of the progress of an infant's visual abilities can be used to categorize the potential features in terms of their importance. The face locator developed by the authors takes a hypothesis gelaerate and test approach to the task of finding the locations of people's faces in digitized pictures. Information from the accompanying caption is used in the verification phase. The system successfully located all faces in 44 of the 60 (73%) test newspaper photographs.


text:
Anais do Museu Paulista: História e Cultura Material
versión impresa ISSN 0101-4714
GOMES JUNIOR, Guilherme Simões. Le musée français: guerras napoleônicas, coleções artísticas e o longínquo destino de um livro. An. mus. paul. [online]. 2007, vol.15, n.1, pp. 219-246. ISSN 0101-4714. _URL_
This paper is about Le Musée Français [The French Museum], a book found in the collection of the library of the Imperial Academy of Fine Arts in Rio de Janeiro. As a catalog of the Napoleon Museum, it bears witness to the reorganization of the arts in Europe as a result of the Napoleonic wars and the project of making Paris a true successor to Athens and Rome, as the center of a new republic of the arts. This process was the object of a dispute where Quatremère de Quincy and Joachim Lebreton played an important role. It was also one of the causes leading to the exile of a group of artists who then helped to lay the foundations for an academic environment in Rio de Janeiro.
Palabras llave : Quatremère de Quincy; Lebreton; Art collections; Napoleonic wars; Museums.


text:
Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
- n. The act of locking together or in combination, as in a railway-switch and signal system. See interlocking system of signals, under interlock, and signaling.
- adj. That interlocks.
- v. present participle of interlock.
GNU Webster's 1913
- adj. Connected together in such a manner that the parts work together as a single unit, or in a coordianted manner.
- n. the act of interlocking or meshing
- n. contact by fitting together
- adj. linked or locked closely together as by dovetailing
"I think that in our society at the moment we still need a robust defence of the non-Fabian, the pluralist, vision of what a just society might be: a society in which what I call the interlocking, intersecting communities would all have a role in shaping the common good: where these communities would all be potential partners with statuary and government agency, with the ultimate goal not simply of solving problems or meeting needs, but equipping citizens."
"His early works were modernist experiments, but since his popular breakthrough with Tugt og utugt i mellemtiden (1976), most of his works have been present-day or near-future scince fiction in interlocking, alternative versions of his native city of Århus."
"The one which was first called interlocking complexity when it was a predicted consequence of evolution, or one of the other versions?"
"There's something called interlocking (ph) that goes on."
"Sandra Lucore, who directed the room excavation, calls the interlocking-tube construction system "interesting and awkward."
"Yes, so the -- the idea of interlocking power, at that point, was perhaps not the s-- the -- the scandalous thing that it is today."
"Well, probably the most significant one is 385 interlocking, which is a construction loan for a property spec developing in Colorado."
"The tools that underlie GIIRS are the same kind of interlocking gear-like mechanisms that enable other markets to function."
"I would call them "interlocking" and aimed at the same unknowns."
"It's all kind of interlocking cogs and springs that work to turn the hands round at exactly the right speed to mark the hours and minutes and days and so on. "
These user-created lists contain the word 'interlocking'.
a list of words from the indo european root arand variations : to fit together
Looking for tweets for interlocking.


text: An unusual, slowly progressing neuronal damage has been reported to occur in the gerbil hippocampus following ischemia (Kirino 1982). Delayed neuronal death following ischemia has also been noticed in the rat four-vessel occlusion model (Pulsinelli et al. 1982). By light microscopy this slow neuronal injury in the rat was not different from the previously known neuronal ischemic cell change. This report lead us to the question as to whether neurons in the rat hippocampus are damaged rapidly following an initial latent period or deteriorate slowly and progressively until they display overt changes. To clarify this point, observation was done on the hippocampal CA1 sector of the rat following ischemia. Rats were subjected to four-vessel occlusion, and those which developed ischemic symptoms were perfusion-fixed. Although the change appeared very slowly and lacked microvacuolation of the cytoplasm, neuronal alteration was practically not different from classical ischemic cell change. By electron microscopy, however, the change was detectable when the neurons still appeared intact by light microscopy. An increase in the membranous organelles and deposition of dark substances were the initial manifestations. It seemed that the CA1 neurons deteriorated very slowly and progressively, and that they retained partial viability in the initial phase of the change. In spite of the difference in light-microscopic findings, the mechanisms underlying delayed neuronal death in the rat and gerbil hippocampus seemed to be identical.


Location Sensitive Image Retrieval and Tagging
Raul Gomez, Jaume Gibert, Lluis Gomez, Dimosthenis Karatzas ;
People from different parts of the globe describe objects and concepts in distinct manners. Visual appearance can thus vary across different geographic locations, which makes location a relevant contextual information when analysing visual data. In this work, we address the task of image retrieval related to a given tag conditioned on a certain location on Earth. We present LocSens, a model that learns to rank triplets of images, tags and coordinates by plausibility, and two training strategies to balance the location influence in the final ranking. LocSens learns to fuse textual and location information of multimodal queries to retrieve related images at different levels of location granularity, and successfully utilizes location information to improve image tagging. Code and models will be available to ensure reproducibility."
Related Material


text:
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This paper presents a new strategy for obstacle avoidance in mobile robots leader-follower formation. The key feature of the algorithm is that the system is robust against absolute acceleration of both leader and obstacle. On the other hand the angular velocity constraint of leader and obstacle is eliminated in the proposed leader-obstacle formation. The formation controller is composed of a feedback linearization part and a sliding mode compensator. Similar structure is used for both leader-follower and leader-obstacle formation. The proposed controller generates the commanded acceleration for the follower robot and makes the formation control system robust against the unmeasured acceleration of the leader robot and obstacle. Simulation results are presented to show the validity of the proposed methodology.


text:
A computer adaptive test is a type of test that, as the name suggests, is completed on the computer. It differs from traditional tests in several ways:
- You can only see one question at a time. There is no way to review the entire test before beginning.
- You must answer all questions as they appear. In other words, you cannot skip a question and come back to it later on.
- Your final grade will be based on the number of questions that you answered, whether the answers you provided were correct, and the average difficulty level of the questions that you answered.
- The difficulty of the questions on a computer adaptive test will depend on the answers that you provide to each question. As a result, the questions on the exam will get more difficult as you answer more questions correctly and easier as you answer questions incorrectly.
Test-taking strategies that work for traditional paper based exams like reading the entire test and returning to questions that you aren't sure about do not apply to computer adaptive tests. There are, however, a few tips that may help you if you have a computer adaptive test coming up.
- Try to take a sample test: Taking a test on a computer can be an entirely different experience, so try to complete a sample test if possible to get a feel for what you should expect. There are plenty of test prep companies that have sample tests online, so look for one that offers examples of your upcoming exam.
- Access tutorials if possible: If you arrive to the test early, you may be given the opportunity to complete a basic tutorial. Do this if at all possible.
- Observe timers: Some sections may be timed. If they are, you'll often see a clock in the corner of the screen. Pay attention to it, and set your pace accordingly.
- Read instructions: As with any type of test, it's important to read the directions for each section of the exam to make sure that you are completing the questions in the correct manner.
- Do your best on every question: If you don't know the answer to a question, don't enter a blind guess right away. This will make the next question easier and lower your score. Take some time to try to figure out the answer, but not too much. Computer adaptive tests require you to answer questions quickly and correctly in order to do well.
Test Taking Central-Home
Last Updated: 06/11/2013


text:
Kingfisher Voyages: Ancient Egypt
By Simon Adams
"Journey along the world's longest river, from the Nile delta to Nubia, with Egyptologist Kent Weeks. Open the panoramic gatefold to discover the magnificence of a pharaoh's tomb in the Valley of the Kings, and then turn the transparent pages to reveal the effects of 3,000 years on a human mummy. Along the way readers will peer inside incredible pyramids and take a journey into the Next World as they learn the secrets of the dead. At the end, intrepid explorers witness how today's scientists are using CAT scans and other cutting-edge technology to uncover the answers to some of ancient Egypt's most intriguing mysteries."