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Cell-cell interactions influence all aspects of development, homeostasis, and disease. In cancer, interactions between cancer cells and stromal cells play a major role in nearly every step of carcinogenesis. Thus, the ability to record cell-cell interactions would facilitate mechanistic delineation of the role of cancer microenvironment. Here, we describe GFP-based Touching Nexus (G-baToN) which relies upon nanobody-directed fluorescent protein transfer to enable sensitive and specific labeling of cells after cell-cell interactions. G-baToN is a generalizable system that enables physical contact-based labeling between various human and mouse cell types, including endothelial cell-pericyte, neuron-astrocyte, and diverse cancer-stromal cell pairs. A suite of orthogonal baToN tools enables reciprocal cell-cell labeling, interaction-dependent cargo transfer, and the identification of higher-order cell-cell interactions across a wide range of cell types. The ability to track physically interacting cells with these simple and sensitive systems will greatly accelerate our understanding of the outputs of cell-cell interactions in cancer as well as across many biological processes.
All data generated or analysed during this study are included in the manuscript and supporting files.
- Monte M Winslow
- Monte M Winslow
- Monte M Winslow
- Rui Tang
The funders had no role in study design, data collection and interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication.
Animal experimentation: This study was performed in strict accordance with the recommendations in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of the National Institutes of Health. All of the animals were handled according to approved institutional animal care and use committee ( the Administrative Panel on Laboratory Animal Care (APLAC)) protocols (26696) of Stanford University. The protocol was approved by the Committee on the Ethics of Animal Experiments of Stanford University (Permit Number: A3213-01). Every effort was made to minimize suffering.
- Matthew G Vander Heiden, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States
© 2020, Tang et al.
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License permitting unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited.
Cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes (CTLs) are key players of adaptive anti-tumor immunity based on their ability to specifically recognize and destroy tumor cells. Many cancer immunotherapies rely on unleashing CTL function. However, tumors can evade killing through strategies which are not yet fully elucidated. To provide deeper insight into tumor evasion mechanisms in an antigen-dependent manner, we established a human co-culture system composed of tumor and primary immune cells. Using this system, we systematically investigated intrinsic regulators of tumor resistance by conducting a complementary CRISPR screen approach. By harnessing CRISPR activation (CRISPRa) and CRISPR knockout (KO) technology in parallel, we investigated gene gain-of-function as well as loss-of-function across genes with annotated function in a colon carcinoma cell line. CRISPRa and CRISPR KO screens uncovered 187 and 704 hits respectively, with 60 gene hits overlapping between both. These data confirmed the role of interferon‑γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and autophagy pathways and uncovered novel genes implicated in tumor resistance to killing. Notably, we discovered that ILKAP encoding the integrin-linked kinase-associated serine/threonine phosphatase 2C, a gene previously unknown to play a role in antigen specific CTL-mediated killing, mediate tumor resistance independently from regulating antigen presentation, IFN-γ or TNF-α responsiveness. Moreover, our work describes the contrasting role of soluble and membrane-bound ICAM-1 in regulating tumor cell killing. The deficiency of membrane-bound ICAM-1 (mICAM-1) or the overexpression of soluble ICAM-1 (sICAM-1) induced resistance to CTL killing, whereas PD-L1 overexpression had no impact. These results highlight the essential role of ICAM-1 at the immunological synapse between tumor and CTL and the antagonist function of sICAM-1.
Anthracyclines, such as doxorubicin (Dox), are widely used chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. However, they frequently induce cardiotoxicity leading to dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure. This study sought to investigate the role of the exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (EPAC) in Dox-induced cardiotoxicity and the potential cardioprotective effects of EPAC inhibition. We show that Dox induces DNA damage and cardiomyocyte cell death with apoptotic features. Dox also led to an increase in both cAMP concentration and EPAC1 activity. The pharmacological inhibition of EPAC1 (with CE3F4) but not EPAC2 alleviated the whole Dox-induced pattern of alterations. When administered in vivo, Dox-treated WT mice developed a dilated cardiomyopathy which was totally prevented in EPAC1 knock-out (KO) mice. Moreover, EPAC1 inhibition potentiated Dox-induced cell death in several human cancer cell lines. Thus, EPAC1 inhibition appears as a potential therapeutic strategy to limit Dox-induced cardiomyopathy without interfering with its antitumoral activity.


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When shelving international books, be aware that the direction of text along the spin varies from country to country—even those countries using Latin characters.
With English-language books, text goes from the top to the bottom. Italian books are reversed. Title text starts at the bottom and goes up.
Since my English books greatly outnumber my Italian ones, I flip the Italian ones upside down. This allows me to read all the titles on the spines in the same direction.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Science and Humanities
Kamarajar Educational Road, Amathur – 626 005 Sivakasi – Virudhunagar Main Road.,Sivakasi,Tamilnadu,India
Monday – Friday
The Department of Science and Humanities stands focused to its ideals in imparting knowledge to language skills (English) and basic sciences like Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry and lays a solid foundation to the Engineering Students of the first years. They are application-oriented and provide ample opportunities to hone the students' social skills by involving themselves in activities and enhance their value added life skills and communication abilities.
The Department of English is on the objective to fulfill the parameters of an engineer by imparting communication skills, focusing functional grammar, implementing the technical aspects, business aspects and developing vocabulary for proficiency in all the aspects. TOEFL, BEC, GRE are the learning strategies through which an engineer has a mastery over the language. With the Orell Digital Language Lab Software, LSRW skills become predominant for the students in all the ways.
The Department of Mathematics is on the objective to activate the engineering minds with creativity and analytical thinking. By making the students application oriented, it imparts the engineering based mathematical concepts in a more conceptual way.
The Department of Physics is on the objective to create advancement in material sciences, to provide opportunities to manipulate at micro and nano scales of recognized importance, to foster link with the multifaceted laboratories of Science and Engineering disciplines. By making the students understanding and realizing the concepts both theory and practical, engineering physics has achieved from fundamental level to its applications. The Physics Laboratory is furnished with requirements for the engineering students to understand the concepts more practically.
The Department of Chemistry is on the objective to carry out the engineering minds in a research oriented manner. Being a conceptual part of Science, Engineering Chemistry bridges the gap by providing education in an application oriented way. The Department of Chemistry is a vital, expanding hub of scientific inquiry with deep historic roots and a ready grasp on the future. Highlighting Chemical Engineering is one more perspective of the department.


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Bee-Bot Lessons provides suggestions for utilizing Bee-Bot in every part of the K-2 curriculum. Bee-Bot Lessons contains 100 detailed lesson plans for using Bee-Bot. Each lesson states its objective and provides instructions for implementation. Further suggestions for differentiated instruction to adapt the lesson for struggling and advanced students are included. Each lesson is matched to accredited standards for the subject involved and the standards it achieves are listed.
Availability: In stock
Bee-Bot Lessons was developed by Cristy McBee, a kindergarten teacher in a technology rich laboratory classroom in Rock Springs, WY. Each of the lessons has been used and refined by both the author and her colleagues throughout the school district. Each is easy to implement and has been tested in the classroom. Bee-Bot Lessons comes with a license to copy the lessons and use them throughout a school site. They work well with students from pre-kindergarten through second grade.
Bee-Bot lesson cards
Bee-Bot Lessons comes complete with a CD containing nearly 1000 images carefully matched to the lessons, such as the ones to the left that support the lesson on food groups. These brightly-colored images are especially appealing to young children.
The images are organized into convenient PDF files. Each lesson specifies the file containing the images that support it, along with other suggested resources, most conveniently available at schools. Print the images, follow the lesson instructions, and set Bee-Bot off on a teaching adventure for your class! With lessons for math, science, social studies, reading, art, and more, Bee-Bot Lessons can be used throughout the day and throughout the year, incorporating technology across the curriculum.
Bee-Bot Card Mat
The Bee-Bot Card Mat is the perfect companion for Bee-Bot Lessons. The Bee-Bot card mat is a 6 by 6 grid with a clear plastic sheet on top. The grid is designed so that each square represents one Bee-Bot step. Lift the plastic sheet, place images from Bee-Bot Lessons or those you create on the grid, and lower the plastic sheet to lock them in place. With the grid as a guide, students use Bee-Bot to explore the subject or task represented by the images. The Bee-Bot card mat provides a durable and flexible learning station for Bee-Bot that can be used in all areas of the curriculum.


Birding from the balcony: 10 birds you can spot in Pune
From cheeky barbets to pretty little sunbirds, there's plenty to see. Pune-based birdwatcher Ajinkya Dixit shares this easy bird-spotting guide
Birding from the balcony 10 birds you can spot in Pune
Photo: Ajinkya Dixit
As the days get sultrier, flowers are blooming, trees are bearing fruit and birds are thronging to take advantage of nature's sweet gifts of summer. For Punekars cooped up at home with nothing much to look at other than the view outside their windows, it's a great time to take out those dusty binoculars and try a bit of birdwatching—without stepping out of your home at all. Ajinkya Dixit, a Pune-based photographer and birdwatcher, gives you easy cues to spot them on your next trip to your balcony. Note: Most of the photos below have been captured by Dixit from his home in Warje in the past month. If he can spot these beauties, there's no reason you can't! Happy quarantine birding!
Coppersmith barbet
Photo: Ajinkya Dixit
The dumpy-looking, sparrow-size bird with a hoop-hoop call is more often heard than sighted. The bird tends to get camouflaged in the trees because of its green plumage, but its crimson nape and thickset yellow head make it stand out.
Where to spot: On small fruit-bearing trees like sacred fig and cluster fig trees.
Cinereous tit
Photo: Ajinkya Dixit
This tiny, sparrow-like bird has a white cheek patch, a grey back and a white wingbar. A broad black line runs from the centre of its throat to the lower belly. Chattery in nature, it's call sounds like "swee-che-ti" or a "sewe-pewe".
Where to spot: Not too fond of dense forests, these birds are found on fruit-bearing trees and bushes in urban areas or woodlands
Purple sunbird
Photo: Ajinkya Dixit
Sunbirds sport a long, beautiful bent beak evolved to drink nectar from flowers, especially blooms with long tubes. The purple sunbird, which chirps constantly and has loud call, is iridescent with a shimmery, shiny colour somewhere in between blue and green, much like a peacock. Its frame is much tinier than that of a sparrow's.
Where to spot: Purple sunbirds are usually found sipping nectar on flowering trees and plants like hibiscus, alamanda and tecoma.
Red-whiskered bulbul
Photo: Ajinkya Dixit
This beauty has a bright cherry-red patch under its tail (vent), but it has a perky, pointed crest and a white underbody with a broken dark breast-band. It gets its name from the red patches behind its eyes (the whiskers). Its whistling notes are distinctly cheery sounding.
Where to spot: The red-whiskered bulbul is a hill station and forest bird, however, a few pairs survive in the heart of built-up localities
Asian koel
Photo: Ajinkya Dixit
You've probably heard the koel's melodious call, a kik-kik-kuoo-kuoo loud and clear. The almost crow-size bird has a longish tail, and the male and female are very different in appearance. The male is a glossy black with a green beak and crimson eyes. The lady is brown, profusely stippled all over with white. The notorious bird lays her eggs in the crow's nest, a behaviour that naturalists call brood-parasitism.
Where to spot: It's breeding season for koels and they are all around you, on trees with thick foliage and even bare ones
Oriental white-eye or Indian white-eye
Photo: Ajinkya Dixit
This hyperactive little yellow bird has an off-white underbelly and a white ring around its eyes. It has a light, bouncy flight and its chirp is a faint "zweee".
Where to spot: Oriental white eyes always have company, and can be spotted in gardens and on fruiting trees. It prefers more open areas as compared to dense forests.
Golden oriole
Photo: Ajinkya Dixit
Roughly myna-size, the male is a brilliant golden-yellow and features black patches around its eye; the female is mostly a duller yellowy-green.
Where to spot: This is an arboreal bird and best chances to see it in upper branches of fruiting and flowering trees, and generally in good foliage. It is one of those birds that may be sighted even from the fourth or fifth and above storeys of your windows. The bird is, however, more commonly seen during the winter months of October to March.
Grey hornbill
Photo: Ajinkya Dixit
The small, slate-grey bird sports an obvious casque above its bill. It flaps its wings rapidly and makes a short "kek-kek-kek" sound in flight, and a squealing hawklike high-pitched "kieeeeeu" when perched on a tree.
Where to spot: It is seen in gardens and parks in cities, feeding on large fruiting trees like the chickoo, mango and figs.
White-throated fantail
Photo: Ajinkya Dixit
This fantail flycatcher is all back, except it has a white throat and white brow. Its tail is like a Japanese fan and has white tips, and its harsh call is high-pitched and heard early in the morning.
Where to spot: Wherever the flies go—trees, plants, flowers and even dumpsters
Scaly-breasted munia
Photo: Sejpal/Alamy Stock Photo
The songster is dark brown above, white below with a beautiful scaly pattern in its underparts.
Where to spot: This species is usually seen in small flocks. Spotted around bushes and neighbourhoods close to farms as they collect tall strands of grass to make their nest


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New funding is being provided for projects that support people with Machado Joseph Disease (MJD) in the Northern Territory (NT).
MJD is a hereditary neurodegenerative condition. It is in a 'family' of neurodegenerative diseases that includes Huntington's disease. Previously known as 'Groote Eylandt Syndrome', the effects of MJD have been known to Indigenous people in Arnhem Land in the NT for at least four generations.
The new funding from the Australian Government is worth $460,000 and will be delivered to the MJD Foundation, a charity established in 2008 to improve the quality of life for Indigenous Australians living with MJD in Arnhem Land.
'People living with MJD are wheelchair-bound and reliant on care within 10 to 15 years of the first symptoms, and death occurs between six and 29 years of onset,' said Jenny Macklin, Minister for Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs.
'The Government is investing $180,000 from the Indigenous Remote Service Delivery Special Account to support new projects in Galiwin'ku, Yirrkala, Ngukkur and Groote Eylandt.
'Projects include a women's camp on Groote Eylandt which will bring together women affected by MJD with volunteer health professionals and researchers.
'The MJD Foundation will also work with the Galiwin'ku, Yirrkala and Ngukurr communities to establish activities such as fishing and camping to help bring together families who are affected to share their stories, experiences and health care priorities.'
Minister for Indigenous, Rural and Regional Health, Warren Snowdon, said the Government is also providing more than $280,000 to the MJD Foundation to develop educational resources and conduct workshops across the NT to support families living with MJD.
Source: Australian Government; MJD Foundation

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Mathematical Midgets!
Well-known member
MHB Math Scholar
Feb 15, 2012
What are your favorite small numbers? Why?
Anyone can post in this thread, but the rules are:
1. The numbers must be single digit (you can cheat if you use hexadecimal, hint, hint).
2. 1 doesn't count (it's not prime, so go away).
3. If a closed form is not available, you can only use 20 symbols or less to describe it (words will count as one symbol).
4. Extra points if the number is natural.
A famous story is told about some Indian guy riding in a taxi-cab to meet a "real" mathematician (the famous Mr. Hardy. Bow down before your English masters!) who thought the taxi-cab number was interesting, after all. He was wrong, and *that* number is MUCH TOO BIG.
At the moment, my favorite number is 3...it's prime, it's very odd, and I have yet to unravel it's deepest mysteries (why does period 3 imply chaos? I really would like to know...). The fact that $\Bbb Z_3$ can be written as {-1,0,1} saves me lots of time while typing, because when I need some larger digit, I often have to look up what it is in a numerical dictionary (yes...I am *that* lazy).
3 is also my favorite counter-example...in group theory I often use $S_3$ to disprove mistaken "theorems" (such as the infamous Converse Lagrange Theorem), and my personal Anti-Riemann Hypothesis is: the smallest exception to the Riemann Hypothesis is of the form:
$\frac{1}{2} + 3ki$
for some real number $k$).
(P.S. Don't take what I say too seriously. I lie. A LOT.).
Well-known member
MHB Math Helper
Mar 22, 2013
Element of the first twin prime pair, conjecturally the smallest and only untouchable odd number, smallest $n$ such that $S_n$ has no solvable tower of subgroups and as well being the highest degree of my favorite polynomial (quintic). The later property can also be stated as : the highest degree of the general polynomial that is resolvable in terms of elliptic functions and order 1 thetas. (As the degrees increase, more elliptic as well as additional hyperelliptic and higher thetas are needed).
The smallest (or any) exception to RH must have it's imaginary part not $\frac12$, just as a note.
Good thread, by the way!
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MHB Oldtimer
Staff member
Feb 7, 2012
What are your favorite small numbers? Why?
This reminds me of a famous lecture that J-P Serre gave at Harvard University in 2007 on the numbers 2 to 8. The only part that I remember hearing about at the time was the section about 6, which was devoted to a discussion of the fact that $S_6$ is the only symmetric group with outer automorphisms.
You can find a report on the lecture here.
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What exactly is a continuous function? Here is a typical explanation taken from a university textbook (G. F. Simmons, Calculus with Analytic Geometry, McGraw-Hill, 1985):
In everyday speech, a 'continuous' process is one that proceeds without gaps of interruptions or sudden changes. Roughly speaking, a function y = f(x) is continuous if it displays similar behavior, that is, if a small change in x produces a small change in the corresponding value f(x).As the author observes, this description is "rather loose and intuitive, and intended more to explain than to define." He goes on to provide a "more rigorous, formal definition," which I summarize as:
A function f is continuous at a number a if the following three conditions are satisfied:
1. f is defined on an open interval containing a.To make this precise, we need to define the notion of a limit:
2. f(x) tends to a limit as x tends to a.
3. That limit is equal to f(a).
If a function f(x) is defined on an open interval containing a, except possibly at a itself, we say that f tends to a limit L as x tends to a, where L is a real number, if, for any \epsilon > 0, there is a \delta > 0 such that:
if 0 < |x - a| < \delta, then |f(x) - L| < \epsilonWith limits defined in this way, the resulting definition of a continuous function is known as the Cauchy-Weierstrass definition, after the two nineteenth century mathematicians who developed it. The definition forms the bedrock of modern real analysis and any standard "rigorous" treatment of calculus. As a result, it is the gateway through which all students must pass in order to enter those domains. But how many of us manage to pass through that gateway without considerable effort? Certainly, I did not, and neither has any of my students in twenty-five years of university mathematics teaching. Why is there so much difficulty in understanding this definition? Admittedly the logical structure of the definition is somewhat intricate. But it's not that complicated. Most of us can handle a complicated definition provided we understand what that definition is trying to say. Thus, it seems likely that something else is going on to cause so much difficulty, something to do with what the definition means. But what, exactly?
Let's start with the intuitive idea of continuity that we started out with, the idea of a function that has no gaps, interruptions, or sudden changes. This is essentially the conception Newton and Leibniz worked with. So too did Euler, who wrote of "a curve described by freely leading the hand." Notice that this conception of continuity is fundamentally dynamic. Either we think of the curve as being drawn in a continuous (sic) fashion, or else we view the curve as already drawn and imagine what it is like to travel along it. This means that our mental conception has the following features:
1. The continuous function is formed by motion, which takes place over time.Aspects of this dynamic view are still present when we start to develop a more formal definition: we speak about the values f(x) approaching the value f(a) as x approaches a. The mental picture here is one of preserving closeness near a point.
2. The function has directionality.
3. The continuity arises from the motion.
4. The motion results in a static line with no gaps or jumps.
5. The static line has no directionality.
Notice that the formal definition of a limit implicitly assumes that the real line is continuous (i.e., gapless, or a continuum). For, if it were not, then talk about x approaching a would not capture the conception we need. In this conception, a line or a continuum is a fundamental object in its own right. Points are simply locations on lines.
When we formulate the final Cauchy-Weierstrass definition, however, by making precise the notion of a limit, we abandon the dynamic view, based on the idea of a gapless real continuum, and replace it by an entirely static conception that speaks about the existence of real numbers having certain properties. The conception of a line that underlies this definition is that a line is a set of points. The points are now the fundamental objects, not the line. This, of course, is a highly abstract conception of a line that was only introduced in the late nineteenth century, and then only in response to difficulties encountered dealing with some pathological examples of functions.
When you think about it, that's quite a major shift in conceptual model, from the highly natural and intuitive idea of motion (in time) along a continuum to a contrived statement about the existence of numbers, based on the highly artificial view of a line as being a set of points. When we (i.e., mathematics instructors) introduce our students to the "formal" definition of continuity, we are not, as we claim, making a loose, intuitive notion more formal and rigorous. Rather, we are changing the conception of continuity in almost every respect. No wonder our students don't see how the formal definition captures their intuitions. It doesn't. It attempts to replace their intuitive picture with something quite different.
Perhaps our students would have less trouble trying to understand the Cauchy-Weierstrass definition if we told them in advance that it was not a formalization of their intuitive conception -- that the mathematician's formal notion of a continuous function is in fact something quite different from the intuitive picture. Indeed, that might help. But if we are getting into the business of open disclosure, we had better go the whole way and point out that the new definition does not explicitly capture continuity at all. That famous -- indeed, infamous -- epsilon-delta statement that causes everyone so much trouble does not eliminate (all) the vagueness inherent in the intuitive notion of continuity. Indeed, it doesn't address continuity at all. Rather, it simply formalizes the notion of "correspondingly" in the relation "correspondingly close." In fact, the Cauchy-Weierstrass definition only manages to provide a definition of continuity of a function by assuming continuity of the real line!
It is perhaps worth mentioning, if only because some students may have come to terms with the idea that a line is a set of points, that in terms of that conception of a line -- which is not something that someone or something can move along -- the original, intuitive idea of continuity reduces simply to gaplessness. In short, however you approach it, the step from the intuitive notion of continuity to the formal, Cauchy-Weierstrass definition, involves a huge mental discontinuity.


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This application note describes the benefits of using the new CellKey™ Small Sample 96W microplate for investigating endogenous receptor function in non-adherent cell lines and primary cells. The Small Sample microplate was designed to use significantly fewer cells per well while maintaining the same reliability and robustness as the CellKey™ Standard 96W microplate.
Analyzing endogenous receptors in non-adherent cell lines and primary cells with the CellKey™ Small Sample 96W Microplate
Primary cells provide the most biologically, and disease relevant context to study endogenous receptor function making them an attractive in vitro model system for drug discovery. However, primary cells can be prohibitively expensive for use in early stages of drug discovery. The CellKey™ Small Sample 96W microplate has a well-bottom area 1/20 the area of the CellKey™ Standard 96W microplate and uses a reduced assay volume. This enables pharmacological analysis of endogenous receptors in the context of primary cells at a significantly reduced cell number per well. In the following case study, data obtained using the Small Sample microplate was directly compared to data generated using the Standard microplate. The results demonstrate that the Small Sample microplate is ideal for cell-based secondary screening assays utilizing primary cells.
Company websiteMolecular Devices®


Top 5 Frost-Free Refrigerators and why should we buy them
None of us are guests to seeing ice form in our freezers. This happens due to the uneven circulation of cooling air in the freezer. As soon as cool air meets hot or humid air, frost is formed. Frost-Free refrigerators as the name implies prevents the formation of frost or ice. This is due to a small convection (electrical fan) that evenly distributes cold air avoiding frost to form.
Advantages of frost-free refrigerators:
 1. The main advantage of frost-free refrigerators is that you don't have to manually clean the fridge to thaw and drain out the ice every few months. The frost-free fridge avoids the formation of ice saving you time and effort.
 2. It maintains the maximum freshness of food, preventing it from getting spoilt due to ice crystals forming on stored food.
 3. Storage can be utilized to the maximum as there is no frost to create an interference with space.
 4. Neglecting regular frost formation in the fridge could cause a problem with the fridge's lifespan. As frost-free refrigerators prevent frost from forming, they have a longer lifespan.
Here is our list of the top 5 Frost-Free Refrigerators to buy:
Whirlpool FP 343D Frost-Free Refrigerator
The Whirlpool FP 343D is a triple door frost-free refrigerator with a storage capacity of 330 litres. It comes with the 6th sense active fresh technology and moisture retention technology.
The 6th sense active fresh technology keeps all the fruits and vegetables fresh for a longer time. The moisture retention technology maintains the natural taste and moisture for longer. Additionally, the air booster circulates air so that all compartments of the fridge receive even circulation of cool air.
LG GL-I322RPZL Frost-Free Double Door Refrigerator
The LG I322RPZL is a double door frost-free refrigerator that comes with a storage capacity of 308 litres. It has incorporated various technologies like the smart inverter compress which adjusts the cooling power based on the amount of food stored in the fridge.
The ice beam door cooling technology makes sure that there is even temperature flowing throughout the fridge. Furthermore, the unique jet ice technology converts water to ice in less than 90 minutes.
Top 5 Frost-Free Refrigerators and why should we buy them
SAMSUNG RT28M3022S8-HL Frost-Free Refrigerator
The Samsung RT28M3022S8-HL is one of the best double door frost-free refrigerators in India. With the new digital inverter technology, the compressor speed is automatically adjusted according to the cooling demand. This frost-free fridge uses minimal noise and energy and gives a long-lasting performance.
The shelves of this sleek and elegant fridge are made with toughened glass to hold a weight of almost 150 kg without any hassle. The fridge has a power-efficient and long-lasting LED lighting making it easier to find things quickly.
Whirlpool FP 313D Frost-Free Refrigerator
The whirlpool FP 313D frost-free triple door refrigerator is a packed with features. These features make the fridge all the more tempting to buy. The 6th sense active fresh technology along with the moisture retention keeps the fruits and vegetables fresh and safe from moisture.
Alongside that, the micro-block system which is present in the refrigerators compartment kills up to 99.9 percent of the microbes keeping your food healthy and safe for consumption. The air boosters system makes sure to circulate precise cooling throughout the fridge as well as prevents the odour mixing from one compartment to the other.
Top 5 Frost-Free Refrigerators and why should we buy them
SAMSUNG RT28K3022RJ/HL Frost-Free Refrigerator
The Samsung RT28K3022RJ/HL double door frost free fridge comes with a 253 litres capacity is a long-lasting refrigerator. It automatically adjusts the cooling speed with the help of the digital inverter compressor making the fridge durable. It is an energy-efficient refrigerator saving on the electricity consumption.
The easy slide shelf feature is built on rolling hinges to easily pull out and organize the items on the rack. The Big guard feature is not usually found in conventional refrigerators. It becomes easy to store bigger bottles or containers with this added feature.
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A resurgence of interest in qualitative approaches to research in online consumer behaviour studies has spawned a need for structured approaches in the use of appropriate research techniques. A mixed method approach to research questions can often lead to a greater clarity of answer as well as exposing the researcher to new 'tools of enquiry'. This paper describes a mixed method approach using qualitative techniques to pre-test software and task design for a field experiment and to pre-test a questionnaire for data collection. In the study, think-aloud protocol (TAP) sessions were adopted to test software.
Read more: Concurrent and retrospective think-aloud protocols for information systems research


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Sunon Liquid Circulation Cooling (LCC) System
The need for this kind of cooling technology is being driven by the thermal challenges that are associated with ever increasing processor speeds. As CPUs and associated electronics become faster, and hotter, the ability to dissipate this heat with conventional air cooling devices is becoming increasingly difficult. Even when the heat can be removed with active air cooling devices, the price that must be paid with noisier acoustics (due to the high fan speeds required) is often unacceptable to both the system designer and the product end user.
With increased thermal efficiency provided by a liquid heat transfer medium, liquid circulation cooling does offer significant cooling advantages over conventional air cooling. Presently, however, there are still several key limitations of liquid cooling that have prevented its widespread adoption by the majority of the mainstream desktop and notebook computer makers.


Pompey's foreign stars take lessons to decipher Harry
October 22, 2008
Portsmouth's foreign players are being sent to language school so they can understand manager Harry Redknapp's orders.
Pompey are organising the lessons for 16 of their players so they are not left baffled by boss Redknapp's Cockney phrases.
The lessons, run by Dr Jay Kettle-Williams, will also include learning football terms using a table football game.
A spokeswoman for language school Polyglot Solutions in Southsea, Hampshire said: ''The lessons were inspired by the fact that the English level by the players and their wives was not adequate for living and working in Portsmouth.
''That was the springboard for the lessons and as well as that it is crucial for the players to understand instructions on the pitch.''


Help Centre for Advisers
Are member contributions paid net of basic rate tax?
NOW: Pensions operates a net pay arrangement. This means that your pension contributions are collected before income tax. So, if you're a basic rate taxpayer and you want to contribute £75 a month to your pension, £60 of your contribution comes directly from your pay, the additional £15 is the tax you would have paid on your £75 contribution. This means for income taxpayers, full tax relief at the highest rate is applied automatically and no income tax is paid on the contributions to your pension.
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The contact obstacles include the a-frame, dogwalk, teeter, and table. Before the use of running contacts, high level performance of these obstacles generally required a stop in the contact zone (the end parts of the contact that are painted a different color, usually yellow). The most common stopped performance requires the dog to keep the two rear feet on the contact while the two front feet are on the ground (commonly referred to as 2 on 2 off). This is more difficult on the teeter, especially for lighter medium-sized dogs, and it's impossible for very small dogs because of the rebound of the plank when it first hits the ground.
Running contacts apply to the a-frame and dogwalk only, as the table requires a 5 second wait for the dog and the teeter requires the dog to wait until the plank hits the ground before the dog can leave the obstacle. Running contacts let the dog run up and over the obstacles without stopping, and care must be taken to teach the dog to hit the contact zone while running, which takes a lot of training and understanding for both handler and dog. Today, running contacts are mostly taught by teaching the dog to touch a mat. The mat is transitioned to a plank, which is eventually elevated to resemble a dogwalk. From there, the mat can be placed on an actual dogwalk. For more information on training running contacts, start with our podcast with Silvia Trkman, the 3-time FCI World Champion from Slovenia, who popularized running contacts: Interview with Silvia Trkman
For all the contacts, the most common problems arise for the exact same reasons as problems in the start line behavior—confusion over criteria, and stress over making mistakes.
First, when dogs are confused about criteria, they often have good stopped contacts at home or practice but not at trials. That's because at home, the handler rarely continues running a course if the dog misses a contact, especially if their instructor is watching. Instead, they redo the contact, or at least require the dog to perform the very end behavior (getting into a 2 on 2 off position without doing the entire obstacle). In a trial, when dogs miss a contact, or the dog hits the contact but self-releases, handlers simply ignore the mistake and keep running. When that happens, the dog learns that the criteria for the stopped contact behavior has changed—there are two different sets of criteria, one for home and one for trials. Some dogs take a middle approach and slowly creep into the contact zone at trials, waiting for the release from the handler. The amount of time lost on contacts, especially the dogwalk, can be agonizing for trainers. The solution is simple: never reward a dog who fails to meet criteria, in practice or in trials.
Second, when contacts have been a point of conflict in training, dogs often become avoidant of the entire obstacle in a trial. They are reluctant to set up, they avoid eye contact, they sniff the ground, and they remain in position even after the release cue is given. For this group of dogs, you need to change the way you deal with mistakes in your training. We recommend listening to this podcast: How to Work Through Mistakes in Your Agility Training
Here are two resources for improving your contacts (an article/video and a podcast):
- A Quick Training Tip for Improving 2 On 2 Off Contact Performance
- Five Tips for Better Contact Performance
The teeter is a special obstacle because it causes many problems for fearful dogs who will do it in practice but not in trials. Dogs can fear the teeter for three reasons, and they must be addressed in teaching the teeter: the loud sound the teeter makes when it hits the ground, the actual movement of the teeter, and the height of the teeter. Teeters can also look like dogwalks to the dog as they approach them, so it's important that the dog understand the difference between the two obstacles based on verbal cues, which have to be given very early, not when the dog is about to step onto the obstacle. Learn more about teeter training and performance here: All About the Teeter


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3.3. Configuring Clustering¶
3.3.1. Cluster Options¶
Sets the default number of shards for newly created databases. The default value,
8, splits a database into 8 separate partitions.
[cluster] q = 8
For systems with lots of small, infrequently accessed databases, or for servers with fewer CPU cores, consider reducing this value to
The value of
qcan also be overridden on a per-DB basis, at DB creation time.
Sets the number of replicas of each document in a cluster. CouchDB will only place one replica per node in a cluster. When set up through the Cluster Setup Wizard, a standalone single node will have
n = 1, a two node cluster will have
n = 2, and any larger cluster will have
n = 3. It is recommended not to set
[cluster] n = 3
Use of this option will override the
noption for replica cardinality. Use with care.
Sets the cluster-wide replica placement policy when creating new databases. The value must be a comma-delimited list of strings of the format
zone_nameis a zone as specified in the
_TAG_ an integer indicating the number of replicas to place on nodes with a matching
This parameter is not specified by default.
[cluster] placement = metro-dc-a:2,metro-dc-b:1
An optional, comma-delimited list of node names that this node should contact in order to join a cluster. If a seedlist is configured the
_upendpoint will return a 404 until the node has successfully contacted at least one of the members of the seedlist and replicated an up-to-date copy of the
_userssystem databases.[cluster] seedlist = _EMAIL_,_EMAIL_


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Date for your diary
February 27th is International Polar Bear Day, a whole day dedicated to raising awareness of this super cool species. The polar bear is dependent on sea ice for its survival, but climate change is causing drastic reductions in the extent of ice cover across the Arctic region, meaning that accessing prey will become more problematic for the polar bear as time goes on.
Over the next week, help ARKive to raise awareness about one of the world's most iconic species by saying "I'm a polar bear"!
What else can I do?
Take part in ARKive's Creative Climate Change Challenge! Using your wild imagination and creative skills, come up with an innovative way to inspire your friends and family to do their bit and act on climate change. Why not make the polar bear your climate change mascot, or browse ARKive's climate change pages to discover more species affected by climate change such as the leatherback turtle or common clownfish and use them for creative inspiration.
Join Polar Bear International's Bundle Up! campaign, which encourages everyone to turn down their thermostat by 2 degrees. The reduction of carbon footprints could help to save the habitat of the polar bear in the long term. So why not turn the heating down and grab your nearest and dearest for a big bear hug?
Hannah Mulvany, ARKive Species Text Author Intern.


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Note: This message is displayed if (1) your browser is not standards-compliant or (2) you have you disabled CSS. Read our Policies for more information.
A national bank is a financial institution chartered by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency. National banks can usually be identified because they have the words "national" or "national association" in their titles or the letters N.A. or NT&SA following their titles. National banks represent about 28 percent of all insured commercial banks in the United States, holding 57 percent of the total assets of the banking system.
Mixed-up deposits, no-show bill payments, or double debits — mistakes like this don't happen every day. But when they do occur, complain as soon as possible. The law may limit the window of opportunity of filing complaints.
If you have a complaint, start by calling a customer service representative or visiting your bank. Ask for the person's name and write it down. During the conversation, offer a solution and ask the representative to correct the problem by a certain date. Don't lose your temper. Raising your voice or making threats will not gain the cooperation of the bank employees.
Summarize your discussion with the representative in a letter and send it to the bank. Attach documentation of your complaint. (Make copies for the bank - do not give away your originals.) The letter may help prove you took timely action.
If you are not satisfied with the bank's response, you can complain to the bank's regulator. State-chartered banks are regulated by state banking authorities. To find your state agency, look in the government section of your white pages directory.
It is best to try to resolve a complaint directly with your bank before involving an outside agency. If you are unable to do so or are uncertain about your complaint jurisdiction, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) can help you.
General inquiries about banking laws or practices often can be answered on the phone by a customer assistance specialist. The specialist may also be able to suggest other ways for you to try to resolve your problem directly with the bank.
When resolution seems impossible, you may file a formal complaint with the OCC.
The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) is an agency of the United States Department of the Treasury. The OCC charters, regulates, and supervises over 2,500 national banks to ensure a safe, sound and competitive national banking system that supports the citizens, communities and economy of the United States. The Comptroller's Office also supervises federally licensed branches and agencies of foreign banks. The national banks fund the agency through assessments paid by the banks based on their assets and fees they pay for special services.
You may file a formal complaint about a national bank with the OCC by writing and sending (or faxing) a letter — no special forms are required — to the Customer Assistance Group at the address given below.
Your fax or letter should identify the national bank about which you have the complaint by providing the bank's full name and address. Explain the nature of your problem and tell the OCC what resolution you are seeking. Do not forget to give them YOUR name, address, and a telephone number where you can be reached during the day, as well.
The OCC Customer Assistance Group
The OCC Customer Assistance Group was created to answer questions, offer guidance, and assist consumers in resolving complaints about national banks.
Contacting a Customer Assistance Specialist
You can reach one of the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency's customer assistance specialists by:
When the OCC receives your call about a complaint, a customer assistance specialist will request certain information from you about your complaint. He or she will evaluate your information and attempt to resolve your problem while on the phone. Should the specialist not be able to resolve your complaint immediately, he or she may request that you send additional information to assist in their research. The specialist will assign you a case number and tell you exactly what they require you to provide, so that your case research can continue.
When the OCC receives your written complaint or additional documentation that was requested by one of their customer assistance specialists, they will send you an acknowledgment and assign your case to a customer assistance specialist. The specialist will research your complaint and contact the bank for an explanation of what happened. The specialist may request that you provide additional documentation and will identify exactly what it is that they might require. The OCC will notify you after the bank responds. Complaints caused by bank error or misunderstanding are often resolved voluntarily by the bank.
Many complaints stem from factual or contract disputes between the bank and the customer. Only a court of law can resolve those disputes and award damages. If the OCC find that your case involves such a dispute, They will suggest that you consult an attorney for assistance.
The OCC regulates only NATIONAL BANKS, not all types of financial institutions. If your complaint involves a bank or other institution not regulated by the OCC, they may refer it to another agency. The OCC will notify you if they do so. You should not have to resubmit your complaint or accompanying documentation. However, you may be contacted if the other agency needs additional information.
Consumer Help Is Available From These Agencies:
|Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (Regulates national banks)|
Customer Assistance Group
1301 McKinney Street
Houston, TX 77010
|The Office of Thrift Supervision (Regulates federal savings and loans (S&Ls) and federally chartered savings banks (F.S.B.s))|
Office of Consumer Programs
1700 G Street, NW
Washington, DC 20552
|The Federal Reserve Board (Regulates state banks that are members of the Federal Reserve System)|
Division of Consumer and Community Affairs
Federal Reserve Board
Washington, DC 20551
|The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (Regulates Federally insured state banks that are not members of the Federal Reserve System)|
Division of Compliance and Consumer Affairs
550 17th Street, NW
Washington, DC 20429
|The National Credit Union Administration (Regulates federal credit unions)|
1775 Duke Street
Alexandria, VA 22314-3428
|Federal Trade Commission (Regulates other lenders)|
Consumer Response Center
6th and Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W.
Washington, DC 20580
|Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) (Enforces Fair Housing Act)|
Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity
451 Seventh Street, S.W., Room 5100
Washington, DC 20410
If you don't think your bank falls into any of the above categories, contact the FDIC at _PHONE_, which co-regulates any bank that is covered by FDIC insurance.
The FDIC was established by Congress in 1933 to insure deposits and to help maintain sound conditions in our banking system. An independent agency of the federal government, the FDIC insures deposits in banks and savings associations for up to $100,000. The FDIC examines and supervises state-chartered banks that are not members of the Federal Reserve System (also known as "state non-member" banks). The FDIC also promotes public confidence in the banking system. Federal Deposit Insurance Act
The FDIC enforces compliance by state nonmember banks with consumer protection, fair lending, and civil rights laws. The Corporation also assesses compliance through on-site examinations, community outreach, investigation of complaints and inquiries, and other efforts.
FDIC's Consumer Affairs Specialists are responsible for keeping abreast of changes to existing consumer protection rules and regulations to ensure that your concerns are addressed quickly and accurately
Consumer Affairs Specialists can provide you with important information concerning your consumer rights.
For guidance concerning your banking questions.
Federal Consumer Protection Laws
Certain federal consumer protection laws require lenders to:
Other consumer protection laws enforced by the FDIC include:
Your letter will be assigned to an FDIC Consumer Affairs Specialist for investigation or response.
In some instances, the Specialist will respond to you directly if there is no need to contact your financial institution. You should receive a final response in approximately 15 days. In other instances, the Specialist will need to contact your financial institution to obtain information, clarify issues, or gather facts.
Afterwards, the Specialist will respond to you directly. In cases such as these, a final response may take up to 60 days. The FDIC does not have the authority to solve complaints involving factual or contractual matters; nor does the FDIC intervene in matters of past, present, or future litigation. We suggest you contact an attorney to have these matters reviewed.
Mail your letter to the appropriate FDIC Division of Compliance and Consumer Affairs regional office if your complaint involves a state nonmember bank that is not a member of the Federal Reserve System:
|AL, FL, GA, NC, SC, VA, WV
One Atlantic Center
1201 W. Peachtree Street, NE
Atlanta, GA 30309-3415
CT, MA, ME, NH, RI, VT
IL, IN, MI, OH, WI
CO, NM, OK, TX
IA, KS, MN, MO, NE, ND, SD
|AR, KY, LA, MS, TN
DC, DE, MD, NJ, NY, PA, PR,
AK, AZ, CA, HI, ID, MT, NV, OR,
You may also contact FDIC's Headquarters Office at the following address:
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Division of Compliance and Consumer Affairs


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When installing and running MySQL for the first time, you may encounter certain errors that prevent the MySQL server from starting. The purpose of this section is to help you diagnose and correct some of these errors.
Your first resource when troubleshooting server issues is the
error log. The MySQL server uses the error log to record
information relevant to the error that prevents the server from
starting. The error log is located in the data directory specified
my.ini file. The default data
directory location is
Server 5.0\data. See
Section 5.2.1, "The Error Log".
Another source of information regarding possible errors is the console messages displayed when the MySQL service is starting. Use the NET START MySQL command from the command line after installing mysqld as a service to see any error messages regarding the starting of the MySQL server as a service. See Section 18.104.22.168, "Starting MySQL as a Windows Service".
The following examples show other common error messages you may encounter when installing MySQL and starting the server for the first time:
If the MySQL server cannot find the
privileges database or other critical files, you may see these
System error 1067 has occurred. Fatal error: Can't open privilege tables: Table'mysql.host' doesn't exist
These messages often occur when the MySQL base or data
directories are installed in different locations than the
default locations (
Server 5.0 and
Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.0\data,
This situation may occur when MySQL is upgraded and installed to a new location, but the configuration file is not updated to reflect the new location. In addition, there may be old and new configuration files that conflict. Be sure to delete or rename any old configuration files when upgrading MySQL.
If you have installed MySQL to a directory other than
C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server
5.0, you need to ensure that the MySQL
server is aware of this through the use of a configuration
my.ini) file. The
my.ini file needs to be located in your
Windows directory, typically
You can determine its exact location from the value of the
WINDIR environment variable by issuing the
following command from the command prompt:
An option file can be created and modified with any text
editor, such as Notepad. For example, if MySQL is installed in
E:\mysql and the data directory is
D:\MySQLdata, you can create the option
file and set up a
[mysqld] section to
specify values for the
[mysqld] # set basedir to your installation path basedir=E:/mysql # set datadir to the location of your data directory datadir=D:/MySQLdata
Note that Windows path names are specified in option files using (forward) slashes rather than backslashes. If you do use backslashes, double them:
[mysqld] # set basedir to your installation path basedir=C:\\Program Files\\MySQL\\MySQL Server 5.0 # set datadir to the location of your data directory datadir=D:\\MySQLdata
The rules for use of backslash in option file values are given in Section 22.214.171.124, "Using Option Files".
If you change the
datadir value in your MySQL
configuration file, you must move the contents of the existing
MySQL data directory before restarting the MySQL server.
If you reinstall or upgrade MySQL without first stopping and removing the existing MySQL service and install MySQL using the MySQL Configuration Wizard, you may see this error:
Error: Cannot create Windows service for MySql. Error: 0
This occurs when the Configuration Wizard tries to install the service and finds an existing service with the same name.
One solution to this problem is to choose a service name other
mysql when using the configuration
wizard. This enables the new service to be installed
correctly, but leaves the outdated service in place. Although
this is harmless, it is best to remove old services that are
no longer in use.
To permanently remove the old
service, execute the following command as a user with
administrative privileges, on the command-line:
sc delete mysql[SC] DeleteService SUCCESS
sc utility is not available for your
version of Windows, download the
and use the
delsrv mysql syntax.


,,
List of 10 Beautiful Hindu Temples Around The World
While most believe Hindu Religion is limited to South Asiamany people around the world have accepted Hinduism not as a religion but as a way of life. Not limited to the geography of the World or the race and nationality of people here is the list of ten Beautiful Hindu Temples around the world, in no particular order.
1. Sri Ranganathaswamy, Srirangam, India
Source: _URL_
2. Meenakshi Temple, Madurai
3. Akshardham Temple, Delhi
Built from pink-hued Rajasthani sandstone, it is described as an eternal place of devotion, purity, and peace.
4. Prambanan, Indonesia
The Hindu ruins of Prambanan consist of 200 tower shrines that surround three inner temples.
Prambanan Temple Java Indonesia
Photo by Jörg Dickmann on 500px.com
5. Koneswaram temple, Sri Lanka
An ode to Lord Shiva positioned atop Swami Rock overlooking the port town, Trincomalee.
6. Batu Caves, KL, Malaysia
Hindu devotees from all over Malaysia and overseas will come and celebrate in a 2-3 days event of the Thaipusam Festival. The festival commemorates both the birthday of Lord Murugan and Lord Subramaniam.
7. Tanah Lot, Bali
Also Read : What Do The Different Colors In Hindu Dharma Represent?
8. Angkor Wat
Angkor is a vast temple complex in Cambodia featuring the magnificent remains of several capitals of the Khmer Empire.During it's long history Angkor went through many changes in religion converting between Hinduism to Buddhism several times.
Source: newsgram
9. Neasden Temple, London
Made from 5,000 tons of Italian Carrara and Indian Ambaji marble, it was carved in India before being moved to the UK.
10. Srilakshmi Golden Temple, Vellore, India
Built in Tamil Nadu using copper covered in multiple layers of Gold leaf inside a star-shaped complex, is dedicated to Goddess Lakshmi.
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Cause of Death for James Hourigan?
James Hourigan baptism.
But James Hourigan died within the twelve months preceding a census enumeration. And as it turns out, his death was recorded in the "Nominal Returns of the Deaths within last twelve months" for the 1871 census of Canada/Ontario/County of Carleton/Township of March:
1871 Census of Canada record for James Houricane [Hourigan], Ontario, Carleton, March township, Nominal Return of the Deaths within the last twelve months.
Note that three deaths in the above census schedule are directly attributed to the Great Fire of 1870: John Hogan, age 35, religion Catholic, born Ireland, along with his sons John J. (age 9, born Ontario) and Michael (age 2 months, born Ontario), are recorded as having "burnt to death on the night of the Great Fire" in August 1870. There is no such "Great Fire" notation for the death of James Hourigan, who died October 1870, apparently of "Inflammation on the lungs" (possibly pneumonia?)2
On causes of death and genealogy, I have to say, I've recently seen some, in my opinion, somewhat inflated claims about the predictive value of medical genealogy: trace your family's health history into the past in order to save your life tomorrow, and so on. Leaving aside the extremely complex issue of genetic versus environmental factors (while certain genetic traits are obviously inherited, the environment can change quite radically over time), I suspect that most family history researchers, no matter how careful and diligent, will have trouble finding useful medical information for their great-grandparents, never mind going back any further than that.
For pre-twentieth-century ancestors, it can be very difficult to find reasonably accurate information about causes of death, or even to find any information at all. First, there is the problem of a paucity of records. And second, even where a record has survived, there is often the problem of translating an archaic medical term into a diagnostically meaningful modern equivalent.
 2. At Rudy's List of Archaic Medical Terms, the modern term for "inflammation of the lungs" is given as pneumonia. On inflammation as a term, Rudy's List cites the National Genealogical Society Quarterly (December 1988, Volume 76, Number 4) as follows: "In the last century, cause of death often was listed as inflammation of a body organ – such as, brain or lung – but this was purely a descriptive term and is not helpful in identifying the actual underlying disease."
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The digitized cosmos: symbol and meaning of ritual mandalas
by Madhu Khanna
He became corresponding in form to all form,
It is his form that appears as creation.
Brihadamyaka Upanishad 2.5.19
Art is an allegory of creation. It is always an example, as a mortal is a cosmic example. Paul Klee. For centuries Indian art has gathered within its fold a flood of artisticread more


Edith Ewing Bouvier Beale
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 (Redirected from Edith Bouvier)
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Edith Ewing Bouvier Beale
Born Edith Ewing Bouvier
(1895-10-05)October 5, 1895
Nutley, New Jersey
Died February 5, 1977(1977-02-05) (aged 81)
Southampton, New York
Other names Big Edie
Spouse(s) Phelan Beale (1917–1931)
Children Edith Bouvier Beale
Phelan Beale, Jr.
Bouvier Beale
Parents John Vernou Bouvier II
Maude Sergeant Bouvier
Relatives aunt of Jacqueline Kennedy and Lee Radziwill
Edith Ewing Bouvier Beale (October 5, 1895 – February 5, 1977) was an American socialite and amateur singer, known for her eccentric lifestyle. She was a sister of John "Black Jack" Bouvier, the father of Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis. Her life and relationship with her daughter Edith Bouvier Beale were highlighted in the 1975 documentary Grey Gardens.
Early life[edit]
She was the daughter of John Vernou Bouvier, Jr. and Maude Sergeant Bouvier (the paternal grandparents of Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis). Beale's mother was the daughter of a wealthy paper manufacturer, and her father was a successful attorney who was appointed Major in the Judge Advocate Corps for the United States Army during World War I. He liked to be addressed as Major Bouvier and later invented a faux royal mythos of his Bouvier lineage in the privately printed Our Forebears, which gave his grandchildren the following quote: "The hallmark of aristocracy is responsibility."
Beale enjoyed a privileged upbringing along with her brothers John Vernou Bouvier III, William Sergeant "Bud" Bouvier (1893–1929), who died at a young age from alcoholism, and her red-headed twin sisters Maude Bouvier Davis (_PHONE_), mother of writer John H. Davis, and Michelle Bouvier Scott Putman (_PHONE_). Beale enjoyed photography, theatrical arts, and as a youth considered becoming a surgeon from her interest in physiology.
Marriage and children[edit]
Beale pursued an amateur singing career and in 1917 married lawyer/financier Phelan Beale (who worked at her father's law firm Bouvier and Beale) in a lavish ceremony at St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York. The couple lived at 987 Madison Avenue (now the site of the Carlyle Hotel). They had three children: daughter Edith (who was referred to as "Little Edie")—born November 7, 1917, and two sons (Phelan Beale, Jr.—born 1920, and Bouvier Beale—born 1922).
In 1923, Phelan Beale purchased the 28-room "Grey Gardens" mansion at number 3 West End Rd in the Georgica neighborhood of East Hampton, a block from the Atlantic Ocean. The Beales separated in 1931 when Little Edie was 14, with "Big Edie" retaining the Grey Gardens house. Beale received child support, but no form of alimony. She continued to pursue her singing career, giving recitals in her home and at local functions. Her sons went off to college and World War II duty and had families of their own.
When she showed up at her son's 1942 wedding dressed like an opera star, Edie's father, Major Bouvier, cut her mostly out of his will—leaving her only a small trust of $65,000 (Beale's mother Maude died in 1940 and Major Bouvier died in 1948). Beale became depressed and gained weight. She also had several eye operations in the 1940s. In 1946, Phelan Beale notified her of their divorce via telegram from Mexico. (Little Edie referred to it as a "fake Mexican divorce" because it was not recognized by the Catholic Church.)
Major Bouvier and her son Bouvier "Buddy" Beale urged Beale for many years to sell her "white elephant" Grey Gardens, but she refused.
Life at Grey Gardens[edit]
Beale had two live-in male companions at various times at Grey Gardens: her accompanist George "Gould" Strong and handyman Tom "Tex" Logan. In July 1952, her daughter Little Edie returned after five years in Manhattan to live permanently at Grey Gardens when Beale was age 57. In 1960, when Beale was 65, her niece Jacqueline Kennedy became First Lady. After a 1968 theft of antiques while Beale was at a party in East Hampton, she began to leave the house less frequently.
In the 1970s, Jacqueline Onassis's sister Lee Radziwill discussed creating a documentary with Albert and David Maysles about her and Jacqueline's childhood in East Hampton. At about the same time, the Edies received national attention when the National Enquirer ran an exposé on the deplorable conditions in which they lived. The Suffolk County, New York, Board of Health made an inspection, ordering them to clean up the property, which was falling into disrepair and contained various cats, raccoons, an opossum, et cetera. The once-elegant grounds were a tangled jungle; 25 of the 28 rooms were unused; in the dining room, they found a three-foot mountain of empty cans; in the upstairs bedrooms, it was said they saw human waste; and the fleas were so thick that the filmmakers wore flea collars around their ankles during the filming. After the publicity, Jacqueline Kennedy and Aristotle Onassis donated $32,000 to clean the house, install a new furnace and plumbing system, and cart away 1,000 bags of garbage. Beale did not have the funds for trash removal and house repairs. Beale's sons agreed to pay the back taxes on the property, which they had hoped for decades their mother would sell. After the stressful raids by county officials, Beale never left her home again in fear that she would lose permanent legal access to her house.
In 1973, the Maysles Brothers accompanied Lee Radziwill on a visit to the Edies, and David Maysles decided that the women would make better subjects for a film than the ex-First Lady's childhood friends. Maysles and Susan Froemke quickly edited the footage of the women and showed it to Radziwill, who balked and ultimately confiscated the film. The Maysleses returned, however, and the focus of their documentary was the Edies, instead of Jacqueline Onassis. Beale and her daughter were each paid $5,000 for the documentary, which featured their daily lives, songs and dances included. The film was screened for the two Edies in the upstairs hall of Grey Gardens in 1975. Little Edie declared it "a classic!"
The Grey Gardens documentary was met with critical acclaim. The film also inspired a Tony-award winning stage musical and a 2009 Emmy-award winning HBO film by the same name, starring Jessica Lange as "Big" Edie and Drew Barrymore as "Little" Edie.
Beale died of pneumonia at Southampton Hospital in Southampton, New York, following a fall at her home. Her body is buried in the Bouvier family plot at Most Holy Trinity Catholic Cemetery in East Hampton.[1]
As she neared her death, Beale reportedly told her daughter that she had left nothing unsaid, as it was "all in the film."[citation needed]
 1. ^ Saxon, Wolfgang (February 7, 1977). "Edith Bouvier Beale, Recluse, Dead at 81; Aunt of Mrs. Onassis Was Subject of the Documentary Movie 'Grey Gardens' in 1973". New York Times. Retrieved 2008-10-11. "Edith Bouvier Beale, who faded from high society to re-emerge among the seedy surroundings of a rundown Long Island mansion in the film "Grey Gardens," died Saturday at Southampton (L.I) Hospital at the age of 81. Grey Gardens was the home she shared with her daughter, Edith, on Apaquogue Road in East Hampton."
External links[edit]


Pursuing an MBA to Start a Business, Singapore The solution
In the business world, it takes someone who is good at achieving success. Not only about instincts, can the benefits of a businessman also be seen from his educational background. In relation to education in the business field, there is one degree that is closely related to business. The degree is an MBA. The MBA, or Master of Business Administration, is the name for a graduate from a business school which you can get at Top Business University Singapore. Many opinions state that people who get an MBA are people who are certainly accomplished in managing a business. Years of working in business education certainly make people expect high that MBA graduates will become proficient in the business world. However, is this true? An MBA degree does indeed indicate that someone has long been in business science.
SIM global education
In the period of his education, there is certainly a lot of business knowledge that has been absorbed. That is the advantage of MBA graduates than ordinary people. The MBA was first created in 1908 with the aim of meeting the company's needs for people who are smart in managerial matters. In his education, a person is taught the procedure for running a company, where the knowledge learned includes accounting, finance, business strategy, business operations, and so on. All that you can get is just learning at SIM University Singapore. However, the knowledge obtained from MBA education is actually not relevant to the business situation in the real world, especially businesses that were originally pioneered. For businesses that are beginning to be pioneered, the business knowledge gained from an MBA actually hinders business success. Many business people are actually busy making plans to expand their business without making a real move to make their business grow.
In fact, many MBA graduates claim that they must learn from the beginning when he really jumps into the business world. The reason is, there are many differences that are felt between the theories that he learned while on the bench of education with direct practice in the field. This indicates that it is not a necessity to have an MBA to start a business. If indeed getting an MBA is not a necessity to start a business, then what are the requirements that must be done by business people? Here are some things that are considered to be considered by someone who wants to start running a business.
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I'm having some trouble with this proof problem. Anyone have any ideas?
"Let p be an integer other than 0, +/- 1 with this property: Whenever b and c are integers such that p | bc, then p | b or p | c. Prove p is prime. [Hint: If d is a divisor of p, say p = dt, then p | d or p | t. Show that this implies d = +/- p or d = +/- 1.]
I know how to prove p *can be* a prime, however I've been unable to prove p *must* be a prime. I was thinking of using gcd(p, b) = p if p | b (and vice versa). Then p = pn + bm. But I'm unable to come up with anything. In the hint it claims to show this is true if d is a divisor of p, but I'm not sure how to even get there. Any help would be appreciated!


Why Did I Receive a Text From 32858? (American Express or Scam)
Text messages from 32858 are very common in the U.S. In fact, you are bound to find someone online who's received a text message from 32858 without having to search that hard. At the same time, there are many speculations as to who these texts are from and who owns 32858.
That said this post seeks to provide you with definite answers regarding texts from 32858. These include answers to questions such as who owns this 32858 short SMS code, why you are receiving texts from this shortcode, and whether or not a text from 32858 means you've been hacked.
Text From 32858 American Express
Text messages from 32858 are messages from American Express. They usually alert or update their customers via messages through this code.
SMS Short Code 32858
Top on the list of questions many people have once they've received a text from 32858 is who this SMS short code belongs to and thus the need to address this first. This short SMS code belongs to American Express, a multinational financial services corporation based in the U.S.
It usually uses this SMS code to get in touch with its customers to update them on a number of their services or for them to confirm certain activities online that affect their account like let's say a password change.
Text From 32858
Text messages from 32858 or American Express can say many things given the fact that they (American Express) do send such texts to its customers for several reasons.
For example, if you requested a password change for your Personal Savings account online they'll send you a one-time code on your phone via 32858 so as for you to confirm the action.
You are also bound to receive a text from them through this short SMS code 32858 if a withdrawal is made from your account given you've activated this feature.
How Do I Find Out Who Owns This 32858 Short Code?
For this particular code, there are two ways you can go about finding out who owns it. The first one is simply doing an online search on Google. Doing so will see you receive a bunch of results one of which will be American Express. You'll find a link to American Express's website indicating how and when they actually use this 32858 SMS code.
You can as well find out who owns this 32858 code by getting in touch with your network provider. Given the nature of the text, they should be able to share with you details of who is sending you text messages using this code, and in this case, who is sending you messages using it is American Express.
Hackers or Not
The answer to this question is not as direct as some of you might want it to be. There are instances where if you receive a text from 32858 then chances are it's a possible hack. At the same time, there are instances where receiving a text from 32858 doesn't mean that there is a hack.
There is a possible hack if you receive a 6-digit code text message from 32858 with regards to changing the password and you never initiated such a request. In such instances, chances are high that someone is trying to change the password of your Personal Savings account with American Express online.
What Should I Do If I Receive A Text From 32858?
Well, it all depends on what the message says. There are some instances where you will be required to respond to text messages from 32858 while in some you don't have to do anything at all.
For instance, if you've initiated a password change, you'll need to key in the 6-digit code you received through 32858 as instructed. If you've received a text from 32858 informing you of a certain withdrawal you've made then you don't have to do anything.
For more SMS guides related to "Why Did I Receive a Text From 32858," check out:


text:
Davos, 27 January 2012
Data Protection Day: safeguarding privacy rights
28 January is European Data Protection Day, a joint initiative by the European Commission and the Council of Europe to raise awareness of how people's personal information is dealt with and their rights to data protection. On 25 January, the European Commission adopted major proposals for a comprehensive reform of EU data protection rules to strengthen online privacy rights and boost Europe's digital economy (IP/12/46, MEMO/12/41).
Speaking from the World Economic Forum in Davos, and ahead of the Data Protection Day, European Commission Vice-President Viviane Reding and Council of Europe Secretary General Thorbjørn Jagland said:
"Hyper-connectivity should go hand-in-hand with the protection of privacy online. The protection of personal data is a fundamental right. Information technology offers huge economic and social potential, which will be fully realised if citizens trust that their personal information online is protected."
The annual Data Protection Day aims to give people the chance to understand what personal data is collected and processed about them and why, and what their rights are with respect to this processing.
The European Commission proposals to reform the EU's 1995 data protection rules aim to strengthen online privacy rights and boost Europe's digital economy. Technological progress and globalisation have profoundly changed the way our data is collected, accessed and used. In addition, the 27 EU Member States have implemented the 1995 rules differently, resulting in divergences in enforcement. A single law will do away with the current fragmentation and costly administrative burdens, leading to savings for businesses of around €2.3 billion a year. The initiative will help reinforce consumer confidence in online services, providing a much needed boost to growth, jobs and innovation in Europe.
Watch or download the Commission's clip on data privacy and social networks – available in all official EU languages:
Council of Europe: Data Protection
European Commission: Data Protection
Homepage of Vice-President Viviane Reding, EU Commissioner for Justice, Fundamental Rights and Citizenship:


text:
Plasmonic, catalytic, and electrolysis bubble nucleation & growth
1st supervisor and 1st promotor: Prof. Detlef Lohse
1st supervisor and 3rd promotor: Prof. Xuehua Zhang
2nd supervisor and 2nd promotor: Prof. Harold Zandvliet
Affiliation: University of Twente
Research theme: Catalyst Diagnostics to Develop More Active Catalysts
The central theme of this project is nucleation and phase transitions, mainly of gas and vapor bubbles on surfaces, in the context of catalysis, electrolysis, and on plasmonic nanoparticles. Prior work in aqueous solutions will be extended to non-aqueous solutions of interest for catalytic reactions.
Questions to ask are: How to avoid or at least delay the often detrimental bubble nucleation? How do gas and vapor bubbles nucleate in binary and ternary liquids with different material properties? And a conceptionally very related question: Can we employ similar nucleation processes as those to create nanobubbles and nanodroplets also to create nanoparticles with catalytic properties, which would have a tremendous surface area and would thus be very active?
- Plasmonic bubbles
- Bubble nucleation


text:
Engineering for the future in Carbondale
CARBONDALE - Several groups of students gathered along the edge of the classroom, some poring over equipment that simulated a magnetic-powered transportation system.
Students hardly noticed the door opening in Brandon Dodson's classroom.
A window on the opposite side of the room provided a view of a 3-D printer in the process of crafting a prototype. The printer and other machines in the technology education rooms were all added to the department as part of the recent upgrade and renovation project in the Carbondale Area High School.
Although there were already hand-drafting and computer-drafting programs, about $241,000 worth of new technology has upped the educational ante, according to acting Superintendent David Cerra, who called the program one of the most advanced in the area.
"It's an extreme paradigm shift from hobbyist level vocation skills to more of a focus on science and math and engineering," Mr. Dodson said.
In a traditional shop or industrial arts program, students completed tasks like building a table, Mr. Dodson continued.
"We never really focused on the theory behind it," he said. "It shows them what the drafting is for. We made better connections between our classes."
Principal Joseph Farrell credits Joseph Szymaszek, the head of the technology education department, for pushing to include the upgrades in the renovation project - the final details of which are wrapping up.
Mr. Szymaszek walked through the new classrooms, pointing out a row of computers, each equipped with a different module - the specific topic it centered around.
"It might only be 10 to 15 days for each module, but it's going to open a new world to them," he said.
The program also differs from vocational schools because it offers a wide range of exposure, rather than in-depth extended coursework. The increased programming in the school ranges from computer graphic animation, where students can learn to make a cartoon, to auto diagnostics and home remedies where students can learn to repair a sink.
Contact the writer: _EMAIL_, _USER_ on Twitter


How can I use Voice dialing on my Nokia device (Series 40 phones)?
 1. Press and hold the right selection key to activate Voice dialing. For the first time, you will be prompted to train voice recognition.
 2. After the training, press and hold the right selection key, the device will beep and a short tone is played.
 3. Say the voice command clearly. If the voice recognition is successful, a list with matches is shown. The device plays the voice command of the match on the top of the list. After about 1.5 seconds, the device dials the number. You can also quit at any time during the dialing process.


text:
The Atlanta Science Festival encourages real-world problem solving in the classroom. By building the capacity of students to apply creativity, perseverence, leadership and teamwork alongside STEM conceptual understanding, we prepare students to address tomorrow's challenges. Here are several lesson plans that incorporate engineering design challenges and review key science concepts for the end of the year.
- Kindergarten – Physical Properties, Gravity. Humpty Dumpty. [Student Journal PPT]
- 1st grade – Weather. A Windy Day.
- 2nd grade – Bridge Building. Three Billy Goat's Gruff Engineering.
- 3rd grade – Heat Energy. How do you keep an ice cube from melting?: The Penguin Problem
- 4th grade – Seed Engineering
- 5th or 6th grade – Protecting Our City With Levees.
- 5th or 8th grade – Physical Science, electricity, magnetism. Scribble Bots.
- 6th or 7th grade – fossils in sedimentary rocks. Evidence of Plate Tectonics (or Evolution).
- 7th grade – Engineering Seed Helicopters.
- Middle or High School – Physical Science. Penny Boats: An Exploration of Density.
- 8th or 9th grade – Physical Science. Life Jacket Engineering (and Inverse Relationships).
- High School – An Introduction to Biometrics.
- High School – Chemistry/Physical Science. Engineering: Pill Coatings.


on July 30, 2011 at 1:36 PM, updated August 01, 2011 at 9:50 AM
In the 10 plays of his "Pittsburgh Cycle," Wilson set each play in a different decade of the 20th century, centering them on African-American life in Pittsburgh's Hill District. "Gem of the Ocean" is set in the first decade, in 1904.
Many people then alive had first hand experience of slavery and of the Civil War. Wilson powerfully imagines the potent memories that such people must have carried with them.
At first, the doings of "Gem of the Ocean" seem casual. People come and go, chatting in the meandering, sometimes earthy language of people who see each other every day of their lives.
Gradually, though, a pattern of gripping action emerges as a young man named Citizen (G. Alverez Reid) begins to connect with his own life. Citizen feels that he has killed another man. To assuage his guilt, he goes to Aunt Ester (Lizan Mitchell, who also played the role at Syracuse Stage), a compassionate and witty seer and "soul cleanser" who claims to be 285 years old.
Via Ester, Wilson plants a central image in the play, the undersea "City of Bones," the mythical abode of the captive Africans who died mid-ocean
Eventually, Citizen will have to visit that city to come to terms with the past, and with the reality that Emancipation left black people still fighting an uphill battle with racist laws and attitudes.
There is one big difference between this production of "Gem of the Ocean" and Syracuse Stage's, directed by Timothy Douglas. At Stage, the mythic past was hauntingly present at every point, especially in Citizen's visit to the underworld. This was partly a matter of acting -- all those present seemed caught up in the supernatural -- and partly an effect of the set that at times suggested ocean depths.
By contrast, Hangar's production, directed by Jennifer L. Nelson, is deliberately naturalistic in style. The plentiful brickwork and other period architecture plant us firmly in a realistic world. Citizen's visit to the City of Bones is less a voyage of the soul than an initiation ritual conjured up by Ester and her accomplices. It's still stirring but gives altogether a different effect.
One of Ester's pals is Solly Two Kings (wonderfully played by David Emerson Toney), who at first seems to be a wacky old man. He carries a huge, mace-like walking stick and collects dog poop, carrying his treasures in a basket and describing each specimen like a connoisseur.
Eli (Louis B. Murray) is Ester's handy man and caretaker. Unlike Solly, he's orderly and rational. I had a bit of a problem, especially early on, with Murray's use of speech mannerisms that made it hard to understand his words.
Not far into the play, we learn that both of these old men were once heroes of the Underground Railroad, leading escapees into Canada. Suddenly their actions take on fresh meaning.
Black Mary (Erika Rose) is a young woman who does housework for Ester. Mary just might fall in love with Citizen, but she is having some identity problems of her own.
One is that her brother is a cop, a black man who loves to enforce white man's law as cruelly as he can. Wilson doesn't hesitate to give his characters symbolic names, and this one is called Caesar Wilkes. Caesar's favorite saying is, "It's the law. I was just doing my job." Craig Wallace gives him a bulldog manner and has a heyday with Caesar's smug monologue about how he has succeeded in the white man's world.
Dane Cruz is Rutherford Selig, a white pots-and-pans peddler who will risk defying the law to help Solly.
If you haven't been to the Hangar since its renovations, you'll find more space and comfortable new seats, with the same semi-surround staging that allows for flexibility and a sense of intimacy between audience and stage.
The details:
What: August Wilson's "Gem of the Ocean."
When: Seen on Friday, July 29, 2011 (opening).
Where: Hangar Theatre, Cass Park, Route 89, Ithaca.
Length: Two hours, 45 minutes.
Attendance: Est. 250.
Performs through: Aug. 6.
Family guide: Adult themes. Not for younger kids.
Information: _PHONE_.
-- end --


text:
Second grade students' interpretations of various representations depicting part-part-whole relationships
Metadata[+] Show full item record
[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT REQUEST OF AUTHOR.] Through a cross-case analysis this study characterizes second-grade students' interpretations of mathematical representations (i.e., contextual situations, equations, part-part-whole diagrams, and open number lines) that depict part-part-whole relationships, and relates students' interpretations to their level of strategy development as indicated by a problem solving assessment. Data were collected from 10 students in a single second-grade classroom. Three main clusters of students' interpretations were identified: (a) viewing representations as final solutions (e.g., representations with missing values were unacceptable), (b) focusing interpretations of representations on location, sequence, or the meaning of operations (e.g., match the order of numbers or direct action of problem), and (c) interpreting representations using fact families or mathematical properties (e.g., applying commutativity or inverse relationships). For the 10 students in this study, a student's strategy development did not correspond to the students' cluster assignments. These data provide significant implications for all levels of teacher development, curriculum design, and assessment.
Access is limited to the campus of the University of Missouri--Columbia.


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Key Votes
SCS HB 1804 - Immigration Reform - Key Vote
Oklahoma Key Votes
Stage Details
Legislation - Signed (Executive) -
Title: Immigration Reform
Legislation - Bill Passed (House) (84-14) - (Key vote)
Title: Immigration Reform
Vote Smart's Synopsis:
Vote to pass a bill that establishes laws and regulations regarding immigration in the State of Oklahoma.
-Makes it a felony to transport or conceal undocumented immigrants with knowledge of the immigrants illegal presence in the United States (Sec. 3). -Requires that applicants present valid evidence of their legal status in the United States in order to be issued identification cards (Sec. 4). -Requires that every public employer and their contractors register with an approved employment eligibility verification system (Sec. 6). -Places liability on employers who discharge U.S. citizens from employment while retaining undocumented immigrants in a job requiring equal skill, effort, responsibility (Sec. 7). -Prohibits individuals unlawfully present in the United States from receiving resident tuition or financial aid unless the individual has resided in the state for a least two years and provides a pending application for legalized status (Sec. 13).
Legislation - Bill Passed With Amendment (Senate) (41-6) -
Legislation - Bill Passed (House) (88-9) -
Legislation - Introduced (House) - (Key vote)
Title: Immigration Reform
 - James A. Williamson (OK - R) (Out Of Office)
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I'm wondering if there are heuristic ways to derive how the peak density and temperature of nuclear explosions scale with the amount of fissile/fusible material.
Does it matter what the explosion energy is made of? what if the source of the energy is matter antimatter annihilation? how would that scale? any intuitive way to derive those as well?
share|improve this question
Certainly for nuclear explosives the design of the device matters--there are bomb designs that get larger (and generally cleaner) or smaller (and generally dirtier) explosions from similar amounts of fissile material. There are even rumors that the nuclear powers were investigating "dial-a-yield" devices where the explosive power could be set (over some range) in the field. – dmckee Sep 5 '12 at 14:58
_USER_, interesting. So maybe what is relevant for this question would be a maximum achievable bound on the yield? – lurscher Sep 5 '12 at 16:41
The existence of dial-a-yield technology was declassified (item 8.c) in the 90s, but only some UK weapons were confirmed to have selectable yield. – mmc Sep 6 '12 at 1:10
_USER_ What a fascinating document. All the instances of "the mere fact" are interesting as are the degree to which many of these facts were widely known long before that time. On the other had I recall watching a episode of Mutual of Omaha'a Wild Kingdom on finding whales at sea one evening after which my father (a retired naval officer) said something like "I think they just covered an entire classified book called 'How to find a submarine'". – dmckee Sep 6 '12 at 21:29
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