text:
Discovering Genes that Control Development and Cause Disease
Scientists use numerous different animal models to better understand human development and disease. Although some models do not appear similar to humans, they can still lead to exciting insights into human biology. On October 30 at the Fall 2019 BioSci Dean's Distinguished Lecture, Developmental and Cell Biology Chair Thomas Schilling discussed his research using a small freshwater fish to model human cranial development.
Professor Schilling, an expert developmental biologist, concentrates on the genetic analysis of cranial skeletal and muscle development. His work with zebrafish has led to technological advances that other developmental biologists now use to manipulate skeletal and muscle development in their research.
In his lecture, Professor Schilling gave several reasons why zebrafish are a good model organism: their small size, low cost and curiously – their genetic similarity to humans. The zebrafish also have translucent skin at early ages, which makes them excellent models for imaging studies that track cell development and location.
He also discussed his lab's work investigating how to build a face, focusing on fish bone and tendon development. For example, he presented research on the peptide Endothelin 1, whose signaling pathway plays a role in craniofacial development. Professor Schilling found that a loss in Endothelin 1 signaling led to disrupted jaw bone formation in the zebrafish. Interestingly, when he and his team injected Endothelin 1 peptide back into the fish, the fish developed normal jaw bones. His work holds promise for use of Endothelin 1 to help with certain human craniofacial development disorders. Utilizing the work with Endohelin 1 and more, Professor Schilling provided prime examples of how a simple fish can offer great insights into human development. He concluded by acknowledging his department, BioSci, and the numerous student researchers and senior scientists who contributed to his research over the years.


text:
In part two of this article, the author discusses the specifics of the read and write process with a particular focus on the requirements placed on the ferroelectric capacitor. Part one discusses the basic operating principles of FRAM, including the role played by hysteresis.
At the end of the read operation, the capacitor always points UP so if the datum indicated a DOWN state, it must be re-written (see figure 4).[1,2] The fundamental FRAM cell looks very much like a DRAM cell with the addition of an extra line. Unlike DRAM capacitors, which see a monopolar bias voltage on their substrate contact, memory circuits must be able to apply bipolar voltages to that side of a ferroelectric capacitor. Therefore, the local substrate contact of the DRAM capacitor is replaced by a plate line and wife connecting the bottom side of the ferroelectric capacitor to a separate driver circuit.
Figure 4: UP and DOWN bit line voltages during the read operation.
The plate line drives all of the ferroelectric capacitors in a single row in the word-parallel cell (see figure 5). The capacitive loading on the plate line can be reduced to a single memory cell using the bit-parallel approach. Given the layout and knowing the amount of charge the capacitor will generate, experienced memory circuit designers can proceed apace. Nevertheless, ferroelectric capacitors do have special properties that must be considered in the design.
Figure 5: The plate line in an FRAM may be run parallel either Charge
to the word line or the bit line.
The ferroelectric capacitor will generate four to five times more charge than a DRAM capacitor during the read operation. Typically, a DRAM capacitor has a capacitance of approximately 20 fF and a voltage of ±½ Vcc across it, yielding at most approximately 30 fC stored in a cell of 0.01 to 0.02 µm2
. A typical ferroelectric capacitor in a commercial FRAM has an area of approximately 0.4 µm2
but delivers 32 µC/cm2
of polarization onto the bit line, equivalent to 128 fC of charge. The memory circuit must be able to support the movement of that much charge in the nanoseconds allotted for establishing the bit line sense voltage before the sense amplifier is enabled. The fundamental difference is that where a DRAM capacitor naturally shares its charge with the bit line when its pass gate is enabled, the charge inside the ferroelectric capacitor must be forced from the capacitor by the application of an external voltage from the plate line. The impedance of the drive and sense circuitry becomes the critical limitation, slowing memory cell operation below the maximum speed of the ferroelectric capacitor. Paul Larsen of the Philips Research Laboratory demonstrated in 1992 that PZT could switch as fast as 360 ps. PZT in reality is probably faster.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text: Analyze the subjective portion of the note. List additional information that should be included in the documentation.Analyze the objective portion of the note. List additional information that should be included in the documentation.Is the assessment supported by the subjective and objective information? Why or why not?Would diagnostics be appropriate for this case, and how would the results be used to make a diagnosis?Would you reject/accept the current diagnosis? Why or why not? Identify three possible conditions that may be considered as a differential diagnosis for this patient. Explain your reasoning using at least three different references from current evidence-based literature.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
priestesses Gythia.
A central Asatru ritual is blot, which means sacrifice and may be connected with the word "blood." In place of traditional animal sacrifice, followers of Asatru offer mead (honey-wine), beer or cider to the gods. The liquid is consecrated to a god or goddess, then the worshippers drink a portion of it and pour the rest as a libation.
Another major practice is sumbel, a ritual toast in three rounds. The first round is to the gods, starting with Odin, who won the mead of poetry from the Giant Suttung. A few drops are poured to Loki to ward off his tricks. The second round is to ancestors and other honorable dead, and the third round is open.
Asatru holidays center on the seasons and are similar to other Neopagan holidays. The major celebrations are:
- Summer Finding (spring equinox, March 21) - dedicated to Ostara
- Winter Finding (fall equinox, September 21)
- Midsummer (summer solstice, June 21)
- Yule - the most important holiday; starts on the winter solstice (December 21) and lasts for 12 days
In place of a list of commandments, followers of Asatru try to follow these "Nine Noble Virtues":
References & Sources
- "Germanic religion." John R. Hinnels, ed., The Penguin Dictionary of Religions, 2nd ed. (Penguin Books, 1997).
- "Germanic religion and mythology." Encyclopędia Britannica (Encyclopędia Britannica Premium Service, 2005).
- "Iceland." The World Christian Encyclopedia: A Comparative Survey of Churches and Religions in the Modern World, Vol. I (Oxford UP, 2001), p. 388.
- Rev. Patrick "Jordsvin" Buck, "Asatru, An Ancient Religion Reborn."
- Ásatrúarfélagið (Iceland, est. 1972)
- Åsatrufellesskapet Bifrost (Norway, est. 1996)
- Sveriges Asatrosamfund (Sweden, est. 1994)
- Asatrofællesskabet (Denmark, since 2003)
- The Troth (USA, est. 1987)
- Asatru Folk Assembly (USA, est. 1974)
- Asatru Alliance (USA, est. 1988)
- Irminsul Ættir (USA)
- Germanic Heathenry The Penguin Book of Norse-Myths: Gods of the Vikings Kevin Crossley-Holland
- The Vikings: The Last Pagans or the First Europeans? Jonathan Clements
- A History of Pagan Europe Prudence Jones
- Myths and Symbols in Pagan Europe H. R. Ellis Davidson
- Viking Gods and Heroes E. M. Wilmot-Buxton
- The Norse Tarot Clive Barrett
- Living Asatru Greg (Dux) Shetler
- New Edda Wayland Skallagrimsson
- Mimir's Well Noil Skeggold


text:
Vishu is the New Year of Malayalis – it is the astronomical or zodiac New Year in Kerala and is observed on the first day of the Malayalam month of 'medam.' In 2014, the date of Vishu is April 15. Historically the festival is closely associated with the agrarian economy of Kerala – a state is the southern part of
. The highlight of the festival is Vishukani, Vishukaineetam and Vishubhalam. India
The Vishu day celebrations begin with the 'Vishukani.' 'Vishu Kani' is the first auspicious thing that people see on the day and this takes place during the Brahma Muhurta or ideally between 0400 hrs and 0600 hrs.
The 'Vishukani' is usually prepared on the night before the Vishu day. Immediately on awakening from sleep, people close their eyes and proceed towards the place where Vishukani is placed. This is known as Kani Kanal – kani means 'that which is seen first.'
Vishukani consists of rice, kasavu mundu (traditional cloth of Kerala), gold, silver, coins, mirror (usually Aranmula Kannadi or mirror with a tail), cucumber, mango, jackfruit, coconut, banana, and Kanikonna (yellow flower known as Indian Laburnum). The Vishukani is exhibited in an 'urali' – a traditional vessel of Kerala. It is placed in front of an idol or portrait of Lord Krishna. Traditional Kerala lamp is lit near it.
Then, the eldest member in the family gives 'Vishukaineetam' to the family members. The Vishukaineetam is usually coins but nowadays people also prefer other expensive gifts. Hindus then worship at nearby Sri Krishna temples.
Vegetarian food, consisting of traditional Kerala fare, is prepared on the day and includes the mouthwatering 'payasam.'
From an astrological point of view, Vishu is of immense significance. The day and night are of equal duration on the Vishu day (12 hours). 'Vishubhalam' or the predictions for the next year is read on the day.
The preparation for next agricultural season begins on the Vishu day. Earlier, farmers used to plough the land on this day and it was referred as 'Vishupootu.'
It must be noted that Vishu is not the first day in the regional solar calendar followed in Kerala. The Malayalam Calendar begins in Chingam (August).
You may also like to read


text:
Poughkeepsie (pəkĭpˈsē) [key], city (1990 pop. 28,844), seat of Dutchess co., SE N.Y., on the Hudson River; settled 1687 by the Dutch, inc. as a city 1854. It is a trade center and was once a major manufacturing center, but suffered severe economic decline in the early 1990s. It now has computer hardware and software research and development firms, and light manufacturing. It became the temporary state capital in 1777, and the U.S. Constitution was ratified (1788) there. Poughkeepsie is the seat of Vassar College and Marist College. An annual intercollegiate regatta is held on the river in June. Several historic 18th-century buildings still stand. The Mid-Hudson Bridge crosses the river at Poughkeepsie, as does a former rail bridge (1888) that was the first Hudson crossing to be built south of Albany. Hyde Park lies just north of the city.
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
More on Poughkeepsie from Infoplease:
See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. Political Geography


fingerholes.
A long flute with a closed top and a transverse blowing hole and finger holes like a pōrutu.
A long flute with a notched open top which is the blowing edge and a single finger hole near the end - the instrument was chanted through and was traditionally played over the fontanelle of an infant to implant songs and tribal information into the child's subconscious.
Some of the following instruments can be blown as a trumpet as well as a flute, as you would play a kōauau.
One example of a large Pūtōrino (555mm long and 50mm wide in the middle), a traditional Māori musical instrument that is played as both a flute and a horn. Note the shape resembles the native bag-moth (Psychidae: Liothula omnivora). Constructed in the 21st century using stone tools, this pūtōrino was made from one piece of mataī wood that was split, shaped and hollowed, and then bound back together, in this instance with a modern nylon line. This particular instrument is free of external, carved adornment of any sort.
The pūtōrino is known for its wide range of voices including a male voice (trumpet) and a female voice (flute). The pūtōrino varies in length from 20cm to 50cm (9 to 20 inches) and has an uneven bore, swelling out to the centre and diminishing evenly towards the lower end, where the pipe is narrow, and has either a very small opening or none at all. The outer shape is carved from a solid piece of wood, split in half lengthwise, hollowed out like two small waka and then lashed together again with flax cord or similar subtitute for binding. At the widest part of the pipe there is an opening shaped like a grotesque mouth. The finest specimens are decorated at both ends with carved figures, and the open mouth is part of a head which is outlined on the flat surface of the pipe. It can be played with bugle technique, with closed lips which are set in vibration by the rapid withdrawal of the tongue. Small variations of pitch can be produced by moving the forefinger over the centre opening.
Example of the Pūtōrino
The pōrutu is a long version of the kōauau, usually measuring from 38cm to 57cm long (14 to 22 inches). The playing quality differs depending on the material it is made from. New Zealand native hardwoods such as mānuka, mataī, or black maire are suitable for a clean resonating effects. Like the pūtorino, it has 2 voices, the male (trumpet) and female (flute). The female voice can produce up to 5 harmonics depending on the bore.
The Pūkaea is a traditional Maori trumpet made of wood. There are several differing designs and lengths within the Pūkaea genre. Pūkaea were used to announce relay signals at times of conflict and were also used to announce the rituals associated with the planting of kumara (sweet potato) and other crops. The function of this instrument is to herald spiritual pathways. As a war trumpet they were used in announcing an oncoming war-party and were dedicated to Tumatauenga (god of war). In the announcement of harvest they were dedicated to Rongomatane (God of agriculture, arts and peace). Today they can be heard heralding the visitors onto the marae or at the opening and closing of important ceremonies.
Example of a large Pūkaea
A traditional Maori conch shell trumpet which had a variety of roles from signaling to ceremonial and ritual use.
Example of the Pūtātara (second instrument only)
Other musical instruments
Percussion Instruments
Pahū Pounamu
This Maori musical instrument is made of wood and a jade/greenstone gong and was used in the whare purakau (house of learning). Part of it is made of the jaw bone of the upokohue (pilot whale) and the striker is made from akeake, a native hardwood.
Whirled Instruments
The Purerehua can be made of bone, wood or stone, they are blade-like and swing on a long cord producing a loud, deep whirling that can be heard from a distance. A rapid spinning motion will start the music of the Purerehua'a song as it rotates and flutters. Uses vary from luring lizards, summoning rain, communicating and attracting a soul mate.
Example of a non-traditional Pūrerehua
This Maori musical instrument was used as a bird lure. It was made by hollowing a gourd, drilling holes on either side and attaching a cord by which it could be swung around the head creating a whistling, chattering voice that attracted birds.
See also
External links
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.
Look at other dictionaries:
 - Maori Volcanics Showband — Origin New Zealand Years active 1967–2002 Past members Robbie Ratana Heta Gilbert Jessie Rawiri Charlie Te Hau John Rangi Gilbert Smith Prince Tui Teka Billy T. James … Wikipedia
 - Māori culture — Wharenui, Ohinemutu village, Rotorua. Māori culture is the culture of the Māori of New Zealand, an Eastern Polynesian people, and forms a distinctive part of New Zealand culture. Within the Māori community, and to a lesser extent throughout New… … Wikipedia
 - Māori people — For the Māori people of the Cook Islands, see Cook Islanders. Māori … Wikipedia
 - Maori Songs — For Māori music, see Māori music. Maori Songs Studio album by Kiri Te Kanawa Released … Wikipedia
 - Maori Boy — Single by JGeek and the Geeks Released 1 December 2010 Format Dig … Wikipedia
 - Māori Television — Current Māori Television Logo Launched 28 March 2004 Owned by New Zealand Government Te Putahi Paoho Picture format 576i 16:9 (SDTV) Country … Wikipedia
 - Māori Muslims — are a small minority community in New Zealand. Contents 1 Growth 1.1 Māori Quran translation 2 Literature 3 References … Wikipedia
Share the article and excerpts
Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select "Copy Link"


How Laws and Mandates Create and Disrupt Markets
Laws and mandates have major changes on the products and services that we use. Markets for goods and services are created and disrupted. An example of this is the Prohibition era in the United States. Prohibition was a time when the sale of drinking alcohol was made illegal by States and the Federal government. The logic behind the ban was that quality of life would improve because the consumption of alcohol would decrease. But did this happen? Nope. Instead the sales of alcohol skyrocketed. Bootleggers became rich by selling alcohol. All Prohibition did was disrupt the traditional alcoholic beverage market into a black market. People were able to make a business out of selling illegal alcohol.The same could be said for the sale of illegal drugs.
The auto industry also created a new market for the energy conscious with the release of the electric car and the hybrid. These changes created jobs in the green economy.
During my time the dental industry, I noticed a surge in product sales of Amalgam Separators. This occurred after an environmental law was passed across the United States; barring Dentist's from pouring amalgam(mercury) used in fillings down the sewer. Amalgam had to be separated into a separator and disposed of through special means. Think of commercial waste.
If you want to see what markets will be created and disrupted; look to the laws and mandates of the government.prohibition-ends-daily-mirror-nyc1
Published by Dan Galante
One thought on "How Laws and Mandates Create and Disrupt Markets
Leave a Reply
You are commenting using your account. Log Out / Change )
Google photo
Twitter picture
Facebook photo
Connecting to %s
%d bloggers like this:


In this talk, HLI Director of Research Brian Clowes, covers the primary elements of the population control agenda – its goals, motivations, and overall strategy. Special attention is paid to the five primary motivations of the population control agenda: greed, fear of famine, enviormentalism, self – hatred, and racism.
The population controllers know they can no longer directly control developing nations through means of force. Instead they must colonize the minds of the people in these countries and make them think like Americans and Europeans. Through this subtle brainwashing, the West continues to exert acontrol over these nations, people, and their resources
In this enchanced CD if you put it in your computer a power point presentation five short videos and other information will be available for you.


text:
The dumpster behind Homer Babbidge Library is always filled to the brim. But not with discarded candy wrappers, old coffee cups and used tissues. It is brimming with books.
"It was like a treasure trove," said one student who crept across campus in the middle of a winter's night to rescue stacks of books from the giant metal bin two years ago.
UConn's main library has ushered in the digital age, in part by tossing away countless books, regardless of their condition.
"As far as I understand it, the director of the library is taking low circulation books and seeing if there are digital copies of them elsewhere," a library student employee said. "And if there are, they throw [the books] away."
A variety of titles
Among these books are volumes of environmental records, public service announcements and other itemse used less frequently than other research materials. But many of the books that take the trip to the dumpster have recently passed through the library's conservation lab, meaning they have been widely circulated and are in close-to-new condition.
The conservation lab, part of the university's preservation department until it was recently disbanded, repairs library books that are worse for wear so they can be returned to Babbidge's shelves.
The move to digitization has also sent books to the dumpster. As a research library, Babbidge sees an influx of new materials on a yearly basis. Digitizing books removes the need to pay for increased storage as the library's collection grows.
The process itself is far cheaper than traditional book repairs, which require expensive material and hours of manual labor.
"At only a dime per page, [digitization] is among the lowest of any other ethical efforts in the industry," said David Lowe, leader of the Digital Program Team.
The digital age
UConn is not alone in the move to digitization. Other major universities, including New York University and Northwestern University, have also expanded their preservation departments to include digitization.
But at UConn, these two departments are separate. And while the leader of the digitization department says the two speak to each other on a daily basis, their efforts still seem counterproductive.
"We fix things so they can be kept longer," the student employee said. "[The other department is] responsible for digitizing things so they can be thrown away."
But while the two departments work in conflict with one another, some enterprizing and adventurous students are able to reap the benefits. The dumpster diving students of two years past are now the proud owners of more than a dozen books and other publications, including copies of the "Clean Air Act of 1977," "American Midland Naturalist" and "Polish Folk Stories."
Not exactly bestsellers, but treasures nonetheless.


Kenyans Odi Dancing in Covid-19 Quarantine Inspire Hope [VIDEO]
Kenyans quarantined at Kenyatta University protest against the government on Wednesday, April 15, 2020
A break from the doom and gloom occasioned by the Covid-19 pandemic came in the form of a viral video of Kenyans dancing at a quarantine facility that surfaced on Monday, June 1.
In a hospital gown, one of those in the ward excitedly got up as he started dancing to Phone Stress by Busy Signal, a popular Dancehall tune and a favorite among odi dancers.
As he continued with the groove, other patients in the ward joined in, each showing off their moves as they beckoned a health worker in full Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to join in.
The nurse stole the show and had the ward watching as she happily odi danced to the tune, with other dancing patients urging her on in the background.
Odi dancing was made popular by young Kenyans inventing moves to Dancehall songs, and moved into the mainstream thanks to a hit of the same name by Timeless Noel. It became entrenched in the Gengetone music genre that subsequently emerged in 2018 and took over the charts.
The video of the dancers in quarantine inspired a large section of Kenyans who took to social media to express the joy and hope it brought them.
Particularly, the video was credited with helping combat stigma brought about by the pandemic even as the government reiterates messaging against stigmatization of those infected with Covid-19 or in quarantine.
Those in quarantine have faced stigma even after leaving the facilities Covid-19 free, with many friends, relatives and neighbors afraid of associating with them in fear of contracting the disease.
Some of those who arrived in the country from foreign nations and were subjected to mandatory quarantine for 14 days have recounted their struggles in re-integrating with their family, friends and communities.
Common complaints include the fact that in places such as home, no one wants to touch what they have touched and they are often confined to separate spaces.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), social stigma is the negative association between a person or group of people who share certain characteristics.
In the Covid-19 scenario, patients may be labelled, stereotyped, discriminated against, treated separately, and experience loss of status.
This stigma, WHO explains, is predicated on the fact that it is a new disease, the fear of the unknown and the ability to associate it with 'others'.


Logo for the integration
How to Calculate Fixed Asset Turnover in NetSuite
Making the most of your NetSuite data
What is Fixed Asset Turnover?
Fixed asset turnover is a financial metric that measures the efficiency of a company's fixed assets. Fixed assets are assets that are not easily converted into cash and are used in the production of a company's goods or services.
Fixed assets include things like factories, machinery, equipment, and vehicles.
Fixed asset turnover is calculated by dividing the company's net sales by the total value of its fixed assets.
Fixed asset turnover is a good metric to use when comparing companies in the same industry.
How do you calculate Fixed Asset Turnover in NetSuite?
It can be difficult to calculate Fixed Asset Turnover directly inside of NetSuite; that's where Causal comes in.
Causal is a modelling tool which lets you build models on top of your NetSuite data. You simply connect Causal to your NetSuite account, and then you can build formulae in Causal to calculate your Fixed Asset Turnover.
What is Causal?
In Causal, you build your models out of variables, which you can then link together in simple plain-English formulae to calculate metrics like Fixed Asset Turnover. This makes your models easy to understand and quick to build, so you can spend minutes, not days, on your models.
A comparison of formulae in Excel and Causal
Causal lets you add visuals in a single click, letting you plot out graphs and distributions for metrics like Fixed Asset Turnover.
A gif showing how you can build visuals in Causal
Start building models with your
Thanks! We'll be in touch soon.
Oops! Something went wrong while submitting the form.


text:
What is Winter grazing?
Winter grazing is a favourable manner to get your sheep through the winter. Why feeding your sheep with hay and pit harvested in the summer while you can feed them fresh grass? Winter grazing offers the opportunity to leave your sheep out on the field during the colder months.
Having sheep in the field during the winter months also benefits the quality of grass during spring and summer. As the longer grass is being trimmed by the sheep, it is less prone to dying of frost. In addition, the sheep's fine hoofs contribute to a firmer top layer and a closed grass cover. Which results in better conditions for the pasture to settle down and start growing in spring.
Important Aspects of Winter grazing
Some important aspects to consider when winter grazing are:
- Keep your numbers low. When grazing for a short period (1 month), a maximum of 4 sheep per acre. When grazing for a longer period, consider lowering the number of sheep per acre.
- Make sure to get your herd of the pasture early Spring. Getting your herd of the pasture early Spring, the grass gets the opportunity to grow strong for Spring and Summer. When leaving the sheep on for too long, the risk arises that they will graze off the young grass immediately.
- Maintain a grass length of at least 5 centimetres. When grass is shorter than 5 centimetres it will have a harder time to grow back in Spring.
- Consider sowing field turnips for optimal nutrition.
- Set up your electric fence properly.
- Make sure to have at least 2 wires. As sheep will be given more land when grazing during Winter, they have a smaller tendency to break out. Therefor, with Winter grazing you need less wires compared to sheep fencing in summer.
- Install a quality energiser. Often sheep are grazing in the winter at remote pastures. This requires a energiser which is durable and of high quality.
- Check your electric fence regularly.
Please feel free to contact Electric Fence Online for any advice on your fencing situation!


Volume 9, Number 8—August 2003
Multidrug-Resistant Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia coli O118:H16 in Latin America
Suggested citation for this article
To the Editor: We report the first isolation of a multiple antimicrobial drug–resistant strain of Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O118:H16 from cattle in Latin America. The strain was isolated during a study of fecal STEC in 205 healthy and 139 diarrheic cattle on 12 beef farms in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, in February 2000; one case of STEC was found in a 1-month-old calf with diarrhea. This bovine STEC O118:H16 strain showed resistance to eight antimicrobial substances; the following resistance (R)-genes were detected: ampicillin (blaTEM1-like), kanamycin and neomycin (aphA1), streptomycin (strA/B), sulphametoxazol (sul2), tetracyclin (tet[A]), trimethoprim (no dfrA1, A5, A7, A12, A14, or A17), and trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazol. The STEC O118:H16 strain from Brazil was found to be similar for virulence genes (Shiga toxin 1 [stx1], intimin beta 1 [eae β1], and EHEC-hemolysin [E-hlyA]) and for antimicrobial drug resistance to STEC O118:H16 strains, which were isolated in different countries of Europe (1). Beginning in 1986, STEC O118:H16 was identified as an emerging pathogen for calves and humans in Belgium and Germany (24). Cattle and human STEC O118:H16 isolates were similar in virulence attributes and antimicrobial drug resistance and belonged to a distinct genetic clone (1). Transmission of these pathogens from cattle to humans on farms was observed (5).
Beginning in 1996, STEC O118:H16 has become important as an emerging pathogen in humans and has been associated with bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome (2). Analysis of the antimicrobial resistance profiles showed that >96% of the European STEC O118:H16 strains showed resistance to one or more antimicrobial drugs in contrast to the 10% to 15% drug-resistant strains that were detected among STEC belonging to other serotypes (1,6,7). STEC O118:H16 showing multiresistance in up to eight different antimicrobial drugs predominated among younger isolates, indicating that drug resistance genes have accumulated over time in STEC O118:H16 strains. The frequency of antimicrobial drug resistance in STEC and Stx-negative E. coli in humans and animals was compared in a study by Schroeder et al. (8). Among human clinical E. coli isolates, antimicrobial resistance was less frequently observed in STEC than in Stx-negative strains, whereas in cattle, antibiotic-resistant strains were found at similar frequencies in both groups of E. coli. The relatively higher frequency of antimicrobial-resistant STEC in cattle was explained by the use of antimicrobial drugs in cattle production, whereas human infections with STEC are generally not treated with antibiotics (8). Cattle could thus be an important source of new emerging antibiotic-resistant STEC strains such as O118:H16.
The genetic basis of antimicrobial resistance in STEC O118:H16 is broad, including R-plasmids, integrons, transposons, and chromosomally inherited drug-resistance genes. Fluoroquinolone resistance has also been acquired by some STEC O118:H16 strains (1). The heterogenicity of antimicrobial drug–resistance patterns, the increase of multidrug-resistant strains over time of isolation, and the evidence for multiple aquisition and genetic location of R-determinants indicate that strains belonging to the STEC O118:H16 clone have a propensity to acquire and accumulate R-genes. The finding that multidrug-resistant STEC O118:H16 is isolated from cattle in South America indicates the global spread of this new emerging EHEC type.
Antonio Fernando Pestana de Castro*, Beatriz Guerra†, Luciana Leomil*, Leila Aidar-Ugrinovitch‡, and Lothar Beutin§Comments to Author
Author affiliations: *Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; †Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany; ‡Universidade de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil; §Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany
 1. Maidhof H, Guerra B, Abbas S, Elsheikha HM, Whittam TS, Beutin L. A multiresistant clone of shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli O118:[H16] is spread in cattle and humans over different European countries. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2002;68:583442. DOIPubMed
 2. Beutin L, Zimmermann S, Gleier K. Human infections with Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli other than serogroup O157 in Germany. Emerg Infect Dis. 1998;4:6359. DOIPubMed
 3. Mainil J. Shiga/verocytotoxins and Shiga/verotoxigenic Escherichia coli in animals. Vet Res. 1999;30:23557.PubMed
 4. Wieler LH, Vieler E, Erpenstein C, Schlapp T, Steinruck H, Bauerfeind R, Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli strains from bovines: association of adhesion with carriage of eae and other genes. J Clin Microbiol. 1996;34:29804.PubMed
 6. Kobayashi H, Shimada J, Nakazawa M, Morozumi T, Pohjanvirta T, Pelkonen S, Prevalence and characteristics of Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli from healthy cattle in Japan. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2001;67:4849. DOIPubMed
 7. Schroeder CM, Zhao C, DebRoy C, Torcolini J, Zhao S, White DG, et al. Antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli O157 isolated from humans, cattle, swine, and food. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2002;68:57681. DOIPubMed
 8. Schroeder CM, Meng J, Zhao S, DebRoy C, Torcolini J, Zhao C, et al. Antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli O26, O103, O111, O128, and O145 from animals and humans. Emerg Infect Dis. 2002;8:140914.PubMed
Suggested citation for this article: Poikonen E, Lyytikäinen O, Anttila V-J, Ruutu P. Multidrug-resistant shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli O118:H16 in Latin America. Emerg Infect Dis [serial online] 2003 Aug [date cited]. Available from: URL:
DOI: 10.3201/eid0908.030062
Related Links
Table of Contents – Volume 9, Number 8—August 2003
Lothar Beutin, Division of Microbial Toxins, Department of Biological Safety, Robert Koch-Institute, Nordufer 20, D-13353 Berlin, Germany; fax: +49 30 4547 2673
character(s) remaining.
Comment submitted successfully, thank you for your feedback.


text:
This four-day workshop in Charleston, SC focused on practical
techniques and procedures used in amphipod taxonomy and
identification. Through a series of presentations, demonstrations,
and hands-on exercises, participants gained knowledge and
expertise on the biology, ecology, and behavior of this
diverse and abundant peracarid crustacean group. The instruction
methods of Dr. James D. Thomas emphasized a blend of traditional
taxonomic methodology and the tools of modern technology.
Upon completing the workshop, participants were able to
readily identify and diagnose amphipod crustaceans, as well
as prepare identification guides and keys. (click
here for agenda)
James D. Thomas, Nova Southeastern University
Richard Heard, Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, University
of Southern Mississippi
Sara LeCroy, Gulf Coast Research Laboratory,
University of Southern Mississippi
The workshop was conducted at the Marine
Resources Research Institute, SCDNR, at Ft. Johnson,
near Charleston, SC.
To obtain further information
Contact Dr. Rachael King:
Photos from the workshop
Dr. James Thomas and Dr. Rachael King discuss amphipod morphology
Dr. Rachael King presenting amphipod morphology material
Sara LeCroy prepares a specimen for viewing on the video
Students using the workshop manual and other keys and guides
to identify specimens.
Students examining amphipod specimens.
Assistants Joe Cowan and Nadia Meyers select live amphipods
collected from the field trip to use in lab practical session.


text:
Silvia Vignolini et al. via PNAS
The shiny blue berries of the tropical Pollia condensata plant rely on their looks, not nutritional content, to attract birds to spread their seeds.
The shiny blue berries of the tropical Pollia condensata plant rely on their looks, not nutritional content, to attract birds to spread their seeds. Silvia Vignolini et al. via PNAS
That fake fruit in the wooden bowls that hotels love to decorate their lobbies with never looks quite right. No, apparently it takes nature to make a fake that looks even better than the real thing.
That turns out to be the case with the amazing berry of the Pollia condensata plant. A physicist in Great Britain was looking at the reflectivity of tulips and buttercups (yes, scientists get paid to do that sort of thing) when a colleague at Cambridge University told him to check out this weird blue berry from a tropical plant called Pollia condensata.
"In fact," says Ullrich Steiner, "I wasn't terribly impressed because [the berry] is not very big." It's much smaller than a blueberry. But close up, the blue color was incredibly luminous and intense.
Steiner measured that intensity. It's the result of how unusually reflective the berry's skin is. Most surfaces reflect just a small percentage of the light that hits them. However, this berry reflects 30 percent of the light.
In the study, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Steiner says its reflectivity is more intense than any living thing. "We find that it is more intense than, for example, the morpho butterfly, which is usually cited for being one of the most brilliantly colored animals."
The morpho butterfly and the scarab beetle are the only living things that come close to the Pollia berry, in terms of color. And as with the beetle, the berry's skin has no pigment — no colored cells. Rather, all the cells are coiled in a peculiar twist. The cells form sheets, like the skin of an onion. Light filters down through those layers in a way that creates something called "structural color."
"So what they do, basically, is they bounce back the blue light, and they let the rest of the light through," Steiner explains.
But to give the color some kick, there are just a few cells in the berries' skin that do reflect other colors, and that gives the fruit what Steiner calls a "pixilated" glow.
Of course, you're wondering why a plant would go to all this effort. Well, it needs birds to take the fruit and spread its seeds. But its berry has no nutritional value. The scientists at Cambridge think its beautiful advertising is what makes birds pick it up and use it to decorate their nests. It's just a bauble — but so bright that it fascinates birds as well as physicists.


system would induce active hunting, regardless of hunger. This would ensure that the individual actively sought prey.
The predator avoidance system would make the individual high strung/flighty. This would cause the individual to engage violently, or actively flee.
Given the drive to hunt, and the propensity to attack/flee with extreme action, the individual would be very inclined to attack, and if unsuccessful run away much like a wild predator would.
So all up, the disease would mildly damage the fine motor control structures to produce uncoordinated movements, attack the frontal cortex reducing fluid IQ preventing behavioural learning, and also hyper-activate the predator, and predator-avoidance systems so as to make the individual aggressive, and committed to violence or escape.
Your Answer


text:
What is a Shuttle Roller Coaster?
A shuttle roller coaster is any roller coaster which does not make a complete circuit, but instead reverses and travels the track backwards. Some of the first shuttle coasters were the King Kobra at Kings Dominion (1977 – 1986) and Black Widow at Riverside Park (1977 – 1999). Early shuttle coasters featured a solo vertical loop. Because of their size and relatively low cost, shuttle coasters are often relocated from one amusement park to another amusement park. Steel Venom's recent move from Geauga Lake to Dorney Park and Pleasurewood Hill's relocated Wipeout are some recent examples of shuttle coasters on the move.
Shuttle coasters are a dime a dozen these days. Vekoma's Boomerang model is one of the most popular types of shuttle coasters. It consists of a boomerang loop, (which includes two back-to-back inversions) and then a vertical loop. Riders experience the 3 loops forwards and then backwards. According to RCDB, there are about 40 Vekoma Boomerangs currently in operation around the world.
More recently inverted shuttle coasters, where trains travel below the track, have come onto the scene. Six Flags America's Two Face: The Flip Side is an inverted shuttle coasters were riders face each other during the three loops. The last development in shuttle coasters incorporates the LIM launch technology that blasts trains from 0 to 70 in a matter of seconds. Intamin calls these U-shaped coasters Impulse coasters. The aforementioned Steel Venom, Cedar Point's Wicked Twister, and Six Flags Great America's Vertical Velocity are examples of the latest and greatest shuttle coasters.
Got a suggestion for Coasterology 101? Leave a comment below.


text:
Understanding Aging and Scavenging features in Windows 2000 DNS
- Prerequisites for Aging/Scavenging
- Aging/Scavenging Terminology
- When Scavenging Can Start
- Example of the Aging/Scavenging Process for a Sample Record
Learn about aging and scavenging features of Windows 2000 DNS servers and introduce you to a new terminology.
Windows 2000 DNS servers support aging and scavenging features. These features are provided as a mechanism for performing cleanup and removal of stale resource records (RRs), which can accumulate in zone data over time.
With dynamic update, RRs are automatically added to zones when computers start on the network. However, in some cases, they are not automatically removed when computers leave the network. For example, if a computer registers its own host (A) RR at startup and is later improperly disconnected from the network, its host (A) RR might not be deleted. If your network has mobile users and computers, this situation can occur frequently.
If left unmanaged, the presence of stale RRs in zone data might cause some problems. The following are examples:
If a large number of stale RRs remain in server zones, they can eventually take up server disk space and cause unnecessarily long zone transfers.
DNS servers loading zones with stale RRs might use outdated information to answer client queries, potentially causing the clients to experience name resolution problems on the network.
The accumulation of stale RRs at the DNS server can degrade its performance and responsiveness.
In some cases, the presence of a stale RR in a zone could prevent a DNS domain name from being used by another computer or host device.
To solve these problems, the DNS Server service has the following features:
Time stamping, based on the current date and time set at the server computer, for any RRs added dynamically to primary-type zones. In addition, time stamps are recorded in standard primary zones where aging/scavenging is enabled.
For RRs that you add manually, a time stamp value of zero is used, indicating that they are not affected by the aging process and can remain without limitation in zone data unless you otherwise change their time stamp or delete them.
Aging of RRs in local data, based on a specified refresh time period, for any eligible zones.
Only primary type zones that are loaded by the DNS Server service are eligible to participate in this process.
Scavenging for any RRs that persist beyond the specified refresh period.
When a Windows 2000 DNS server performs a scavenging operation, it can determine that RRs have aged to the point of becoming stale and remove them from zone data. Servers can be configured to perform recurring scavenging operations automatically, or you can initiate an immediate scavenging operation at the server.
By default, the aging and scavenging mechanism is disabled at Windows 2000 DNS servers. It should be enabled only when all parameters are fully understood. Otherwise, the server could be accidentally configured to delete records that should not be deleted. If a record is accidentally deleted, not only will users fail to resolve queries for that record, but any user can create the record and take ownership of it, even on zones configured for secure dynamic update.
The server uses the contents of each RR-specific time stamp, along with other aging/scavenging properties that you can adjust or configure, to determine when it scavenges records.
Before the aging and scavenging features of Windows 2000 DNS can be used, several conditions must be met:
Scavenging and aging must be enabled both at the DNS server and on the zone.
By default, aging and scavenging of resource records is disabled.
Resource records must either be dynamically added to zones or manually modified for use in aging and scavenging operations.
Typically, only those resource records added dynamically using the DNS dynamic update protocol are subject to aging and scavenging.
You can, however, enable scavenging for other resource records added through non-dynamic means. For records added to zones in this way, either by loading a text-based zone file from another DNS server or by manually adding them to a zone, a time stamp of zero is set. This makes these records ineligible for use in aging/scavenging operations.
In order to change this default, you can administer these records individually, to reset and permit them to use a current (non-zero) time stamp value. This enables these records to become aged and scavenged.
In the case of changing a zone from standard primary to Active Directory-integrated, you might want to enable scavenging of all existing resource records in the zone. To enable aging for all existing resource records in a zone, you can use the AgeAllRecords command, which is available through the dnscmd command-line tool.


text:
TB in African Americans
This is an archived document. The links and content are no longer being updated.
Epidemiology of Tuberculosis in African-American Population, United States _PHONE_ - Slide Text
Epidemiology of Tuberculosis in African-American Population,
United States _PHONE_
Kenneth G. Castro, M.D., Assistant Surgeon General, USPHS,
Director, Division of Tuberculosis Elimination
National Center for HIV, Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention*
Coordinating Center for Infectious Diseases
The resurgence of TB in the mid 1980s was marked by several years of increasing case counts followed by a steeper rise for several years. Trends in TB cases decreased from approximately 26,000 in 1982 to approximately 22,000 cases in 1984. The trend began to rise again around 1988 until it peaked to approximately 27,000 cases in 1992. From 1992 to 2005, the total number of TB cases has decreased each year. In 2005, a total of 14,093 TB cases were reported in the United States.
In 2004, 82% of all reported TB cases occurred in racial and ethnic minorities (29% in Hispanics, 28% in non-Hispanic black or African Americans, 23% in Asians, 1% in American Indian or Alaska Natives, and <1% in Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islanders), whereas 18% of cases occurred in non-Hispanic whites.
In 2004, the TB rate for blacks was 8.3 times greater than for whites.
Several factors likely contribute to the burden of TB in minorities:
- Among people from countries where TB is common, TB disease may result from an infection acquired in their country of origin.
- Among racial and ethnic minorities unequal distribution of TB risk factors, particularly HIV infection, can also increase the chance of developing the disease.
This is a comparison of TB cases reported from 1993 to 2004, by nativity and race/ethnicity group. For all reported TB cases (n = 223,583) between 1993 - 2004, among persons who were:
- White, non-Hispanic, 89% (n = 47,534) were U.S.-born and 11% (n = 6111) were foreign-born;
- Black, non-Hispanic, 85% (n = 61,379) were U.S.-born and 15% (n = 10,924) were foreign-born;
- Hispanic, were 32% (n = 16,613) and 68% (n = 34,655) were foreign-born;
- American Indian/Alaska Native, 98% (n = 2881) were U.S.-born and 2% (n = 63) were foreign-born;
- Asian/Pacific Islander, 6% (n = 2561) were U.S.-born and 94% (n =
40,862) were foreign-born.
Verified cases of TB in U.S.-born, reported from 1993 through 2004 by race/ethnicity. The largest proportion occurred among Black, non-Hispanics, with 47% (n = 61,379).
For other U.S.-born populations, White, non-Hispanics accounted for 36% (n = 47, 534), Hispanics accounted for 13% (n = 16,613), American Indian/Alaska Natives (n = 2,881) and Asian/Pacific Islanders (n = 2,561) accounted for 2% each.
There were 4,884 cases of TB in U.S. born persons in 2004. Non-Hispanic, blacks accounted for 2675 cases. Seventy-percent of the cases in blacks were male, with the median age of 46 years. Non-Hispanic, whites accounted for 2,209 cases. Sixty-seven percent of the cases in whites were male, with the median age of 57 years.
Time-trends in TB rates for U.S.-born populations. Differences to note are that the highest TB rates in the US born population are consistently seen in Black, non-Hispanics. Rates in Black, non-Hispanics decreased from 28.0/100,000 cases in 1993 to 9.1/100,000 in 2004. Rates in White, non-Hispanics decrease from 3.4/100,000 in 1993 to 1.1/100,000 in 2004.
The TB case rate in Black, non-Hispanics is consistently 8 times that of White, non-Hispanics from 1993 - 2004.
This map shows TB cases reported by state from 2000-2004. The states colored white have reported less than 100 cases, states colored blue have reported between 100 – 399 cases, and the states colored pink have reported greater than 400 cases in U.S.-born blacks between 2000-2004.
Between 1993 and 2004, the percent of TB cases in persons with history of substance abuse remained relatively higher in non-Hispanic blacks (from 26% in 1993 to 34% in 2004 ) than in non-Hispanic whites (from almost 16% in 1993 to 27% in 2004.)
Substance abuse is defined as persons injecting drugs, using non-injecting drugs, or excess alcohol use in year prior to TB diagnosis.
Percent of HIV co-infection in persons reported with TB decreased between 1993 and 2004. This proportion remained consistently higher in non-Hispanic, blacks (21.3% in 1993, down to 16.4% in 2004) than in non-Hispanic, whites (8.6% in 1993, decreasing to 4% in 2004.)
In non-Hispanic blacks, 6% were diagnosed with TB in 1993, and remained relatively stable over time (5.7% in 2004). In contrast, in non-Hispanic whites, it fluctuated between 2.9% when they were diagnosed with TB in 1993 compared to 3.1% in 2004
The percent of homelessness fluctuated around 10% between 1993 and 2004 and was similar in non-Hispanic, blacks and non-Hispanic, whites.
Percent unemployment has remained similar for non-Hispanic, blacks and non-Hispanic, whites, over the 10 years between 1994 and 2004, fluctuating around 2/3 of all reported TB cases.
In 2004, the majority (59%) of non-Hispanic, blacks diagnosed with TB received TB care at the health department, 17% were seen by private providers, and 23% by a combination of the two.
The overall completion rate for:
- White, non-Hispanic persons was 86%; Black, non-Hispanic persons was 86%; Hispanic persons was 81%; American Indian/Alaska Native persons was 88%; and Asian/Pacific Islanders was 83%.
The rate for completion with 1 year for:
- White, non-Hispanic persons was 76%; Black, non-Hispanic persons was 72%; Hispanic persons was 73%; American Indian/Alaska Native persons was 79%; and Asian/Pacific Islanders was 76%.
Cohorts lag behind by almost 2 years, and completion rates in non-Hispanic, blacks are similar to those reported for non-Hispanic, whites.
One-year treatment completion rates have improved in both non-Hispanic, blacks and non-Hispanic, whites with TB. These one year treatment completion rates have increased from 60.2% in non-Hispanic, blacks and 68.5% in non-Hispanic, whites in 1993, to 80.5% and 82.5%, respectively in 2002.
- TB rates steadily declined between _PHONE_ in all race/ethnic groups; African-Americans are largest U.S.-born group (47%).
- TB rates among African-Americans consistently >8 times higher than whites throughout _PHONE_. Closing the race/ethnic gap crucial to elimination.
- Geographic concentration of TB in African-Americans in Southeast and Northeast.
- TB in African-Americans associated with HIV, substance abuse, incarceration.
- Completion of therapy similar and improving in both groups.
Slide 18. Quote: "Insanity is doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results." - Albert Einstein
Slide 19. The cover of the Institute of Medicine's report cover, entitled Ending Neglect: The Elimination of Tuberculosis in the United States.
For U.S.-born, non-Hispanic, black TB cases, 12 (.5%) were classified as multi-drug resistant TB (MDR TB) in which the TB was resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampin, 488 (16%) were HIV-positive, and 1001 (34%) had a history of substance abuse. For U.S.-born, non-Hispanic, white TB cases, 10 (.5%) were classified as MDR TB, 89 (4%) were HIV-positive, and 609 (27%) had a history of substance abuse.


text:
Mass Mania - The New Mass + Heat Transfer Column Model
July 19, 2016
The design and optimization of separation processes is carried out using process simulators which utilize various calculation approaches. ProMax® 4.0 now has both the Ideal Stage method and the Mass + Heat Transfer method available for use in reactive and non-reactive systems. This blog will discuss some basic settings for use of the Mass + Heat Transfer model as implemented in ProMax.
Mass + Heat Transfer Models – User Inputs
While the Mass + Heat Transfer calculation method requires a great deal of information about the system being modeled, much of this is provided automatically by ProMax. This leaves the user with a relatively minimal amount of required inputs. The required information that the user must supply includes the number of calculational increments in the column as well as column details such as tray type or packing type. Additional information that is used in the Mass + Heat Transfer method--but is generally supplied by ProMax--includes transport properties as calculated by the selected property package and mass transfer coefficients/interfacial areas as provided by the selected correlations.
Number of Calculational Increments
Whether a column contains trays or packing, a number of calculational increments, or stages, must be selected by the user. For trayed systems, this number will be equal to the actual number of trays being considered. For packed systems, the number of vertical segments that will represent a given depth of packing must be selected. The total packing depth, number of segments, and height of each segment must be known as well, although definition of any two of these inputs will provide the third. The height of each segment is significant, but a discussion of this topic is beyond the scope of this blog. Further details can be found in the ProMax Help File or by contacting BR&E. In general, a segment height of approximately 18 inches or 0.5 meters is recommended.
Besides the number of trays or the number of segments and packing depth, the Mass + Heat Transfer model requires detailed information of the column internals, regardless of whether the system being modeled is reactive or non-reactive. For trays, this includes information such tray type and spacing, weir heights, fraction active area, etc. For packing, the user should select one of the numerous pre-defined packings available in ProMax for each segment.
Other Values used in Mass + Heat Transfer Calculations
The remaining values required to perform the mass transfer calculations are provided by ProMax. Transport and thermal properties such as diffusivities, viscosities, densities, heat capacities, and thermal conductivities are provided by the thermodynamic package selected in the ProMax environment. Mass transfer coefficients and interfacial areas are provided by the selected Mass Transfer Coefficient correlation or Interfacial Area correlation (if applicable) in the column. Default selections of the various correlations are provided in ProMax, although the selection may be changed by the user. A general discussion of the correlation selections, as well as some other options available to the user, is provided below:
Mass + Heat Transfer Models - Correlations Available in ProMax 4.0
Trayed Column Modeling
Tray Mass Transfer Correlation: The AIChE correlation was developed for bubble-cap trays, is the most widely used, and has been extensively applied to sieve and valve trays. It provides mid-range values for the mass transfer coefficient. Scheffe-Weiland was developed for valve trays and generally yields the most aggressive values for the mass transfer coefficient. Chan-Fair is a modification of the AIChE correlation for sieve trays and gives similar performance. Chen-Chuang, Stichlmair, and Zuiderweg generally give the most conservative values for mass transfer coefficient. These models were developed from sieve trays and in the case of Stichlmair, some valve trays. For further discussion of these correlations, please see the ProMax help topic Overview of Tray Mass Transfer Correlations. In the cases of AIChE, Chan-Fair, and Chen-Chuang, the correlations return a product of the mass transfer coefficient and interfacial area. A selection for an interfacial area correlation is therefore required for kinetically limited systems.
Tray Interfacial Area Correlation: If reaction kinetics are to be considered, the interfacial area must be separable from the mass transfer coefficient, so a correlation must be selected that returns the area alone. The three correlations available (Stichlmair, Zuiderweg, and Scheffe-Weiland) provide relatively similar results.
Packed Column Modeling
Random Mass Transfer Correlation: Onda gives the most conservative value and can be applied to any random packing. Bravo-Fair can also be applied to any random packing, while Billet-Schultes and Hanley-Chen are limited to packing where data are available for the correlation.
Structured Mass Transfer Correlation: Each of the provided correlations are limited to packing where available data exist.
For the selected packing correlations, the interfacial area is assumed to be that of the packing. Selection of an interfacial area correlation for packing is therefore not required.
Mass + Heat Transfer Models - Other options in the M+HT model
Mass Transfer Formulation: General Maxwell-Stefan is the recommended multicomponent vapor-liquid mass transfer formulation. M-S Liquid Only or Vapor Only neglect the transfer resistance in the other phase. Overall Vapor or Liquid phase formulates the problem as more of a binary system, which neglects the drift behavior.
Mixing Model: The default selection, "well-mixed", assumes perfect mixing within each of the phases. If either or both of the phases has little to no back-mixing on a stage, a plug flow model could be a better choice. For example, if a tray flow length is long (2 m diameter with 1 pass), an assumption of perfect mixing within the liquid phase may not suffice, and Liquid Plug Flow may be a better model choice. The Equilibrium Stage selection allows individual trays or packing segments to be modeled as ideal stages. This can be useful for things like water wash trays.
The Help function in ProMax has extensive explanations of all of the dialog parameters. Additional help can be provided by contacting BR&E.
What other adjustments are available to modify column performance?
While BR&E believes the default configuration of Mass + Heat Transfer parameters should calculate very reasonable column results, there could be occasions when a user might want to adjust the performance of a column. In the Process Data-Properties-Column dialog, there are two parameters, Heat Transfer Factor and Interfacial Area Factor, that can be used to adjust performance for the entire column. Interfacial Area Factor multiplies the interfacial area, which impacts both heat and mass transfer. A higher value gives higher transfer. The Heat Transfer Factor is a multiplier as well, but multiplies the heat transfer only. If stage-wise or component-wise mass transfer modification is desired, check under Process Data – PropertiesMass Transfer-Mass Transfer Multipliers. These values increase or decrease the mass transfer of individual components on individual stages. If these modifications are still not enough, ProMax allows for user defined mass transfer coefficients via a user supplied DLL. For more information, please see the help topic "User Defined Mass Transfer Coefficient Information" and contact BR&E Support.


text:
Definition of Pultures
1. pulture [n] - See also: pulture
Click the following link to bring up a new window with an automated collection of images related to the term: Pultures Images
Lexicographical Neighbors of Pultures
Literary usage of Pultures
Below you will find example usage of this term as found in modern and/or classical literature:
1. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland by Society of Antiquaries of Scotland (1875)
"... objects held by them in veneration and associated with their work and hopes. (m) Leaden Crosses found in Tonibe.—L'Abbé Cochet, in his "Sépultures..."
2. A Collection of Curious Discourses by Thomas Hearne (1771)
"... motts, or remembrances engraved or fixed upon fepultures, tombes, or monuments, where the bodies of valiant and moft worthy men have been buried...."


text:
To avoid image piracy risks, the exposure to image URLs must be restricted so that only thumbnailed or watermarked images can be obtained. To do this, you can enable source image protection.
After enabling the source image protection, you cannot access images in the following two ways:
- Access directly with an OSS address:
- Request thumbnails with processing parameters:
You can only access images in style mode:
- Access through URL parameters
- Access through separators
- The preceding rules only apply to anonymous accesses to public-read files. After enabling the source image protection, you can obtain source images using a signature-based method.
- The source image protection is designed for protecting image files, and the suffixes of the image files to be protected must be set. For example, if.jpg files are set for source image protection, you can still directly access the source images of.png files.
You can configure the access rules in the Image Processing module of the bucket in the console. Access rules
Configure access rules
- In the left-side bucket list of the OSS console, click the bucket for which you want to set the source image protection.
- Click the Image Processing tab to locate the Access Settings button. See the following figure:
- Click Access Settings to open the Access Settings dialog box, as shown in the following figure:
In the Settings dialog box, perform the following settings:
- Enable source image protection: After enabling the source image protection, you can only access the image file by passing in the stylename or using a signature-based method. Direct accesses to the OSS source file or accesses by passing in image parameters and modifying the image style are not allowed.
- Set the suffixes of the image files for source image protection.
- Customize separators.
- Once you set the needed options, click OK to finish setting the source image protection.


It is quite obvious that every online calculator is off because of individual differences, but math tends to be spot on everything and when it doesn't it's because we lack the needed data... With enough data a computer can simulate the entire universe at 100% accuracy... But we don't have enough data for that.
strengthlevel.com tells me that my one rep max pull up is with 46 kilograms of added weight or 101 pounds.
I tried it, and well..kinda failed the rep...failed the rep on 8 attempts that same day and I always got to almost chin to bar...almost chin to bar but not quite. Which counts as failed rep. Specially since I'm used to do repetitions where I touch my sternum bone to the bar.
Seems the calculator was just slightly wrong, but not by much. Does anyone know by how much exactly can one rep max calculators be off?
 - 1
 I think you're putting too much stock in these calculators. They're not based on huge principles or anything, they're generally based on making some observations (with these types of calculators often with a fairly small sample set) and working backwards from there. – Cubic Jun 29 '20 at 10:20
Calculators and tables necessarily contain a margin of uncertainty because they cannot account for our individual differences in genetics and training.
A greater proportion of Type I and Type IIa fibres gives our muscles lower fatigability, and hence results in our overestimating our one-repetition maximum. This is particularly true when our sub-maximal effort is in the higher repetition ranges. The same applies when we have done a lot of strength-endurance training, maximising 'time under tension'. Conversely, of course, a greater proportion of Type IIb fibres, and/or a dominance of power training will tend to result in our underestimating our one-repetition maximum—again particularly if our sub-maximal effort is in the higher repetition ranges.
The accuracy of the formulae employed by these calculators varies, but all of them produce high average error, both absolute and relative. Thus, it should be understood that they are only suitable for broad estimation. For an accurate assessment of our one-repetition maximum, we should perform a maximal strength test.
I hope that helps.
In my experience they become less accurate the higher rep count you put in. So if you put in your 3RM in to the calculator, it will provide a fairly accurate idea of what your 1RM is. If you put in a 15RM, then it'll be way off.
The thing about rep-maxes is they can vary slightly day to day. Especially the low-rep maxes. It could be that on that day you got your 3RM you were at your peak, but on the day you attempt your 1RM you are slightly off your game. This will also throw off a calculator because you're inputting data for your peak day, so it's going to calculate as if you are always on your peak day.
A true 1RM attempt should be prepared for. It's by definition the maximum amount of weight you are physically capable of holding. It's going to be at a level of difficulty, uncomfort, and strain that you're not used to. So you need to put your body and mind in a place that can perform.
It sounds like you were close. You could have probably hit 46kg if you had prepared for it. If your sleep was spot on, if your diet was on point, if you were properly rested and recovered, if you really grinded through it. Maybe use a bit more caffeine or sugar than normal. So you can deload for a week and try again.
Your Answer


text:
Skip to Main Content
Many important applications in biology have underlying datasets that are relational, that is, only the (dis)similarity between biological objects (amino acid sequences, gene expression profiles, etc.) is known and not their feature values in some feature space. Examples of such relational datasets are the gene similarity matrices obtained from BLAST, gene expression data, or gene ontology (GO) similarity measures. Once a relational dataset is obtained, a common question asked is how many groups of objects are represented in the original dataset. The answer to this question is usually obtained by employing a clustering algorithm and a cluster validity measure. In this article we describe a cluster validity measure for non-Euclidean relational fuzzy c-means that is based on the correlation between a relation induced on the data by the cluster memberships and the original relational data. This validity measure can be applied to partitions made by any fuzzy relational clustering algorithm. We illustrate our measure by validating clusters in several dissimilarity matrices for a set of 194 gene products obtained using BLAST and GO similarities.


White certificates
What are the White Certificates?
The main public support tool for the diffusion of the energy efficiency in our country are the energy efficiency titles (EET), aka, White Certificates.
Basically, they are negotiable titles certifying the accomplishment of energy savings in the final uses of energy: a certification equals to a non-consumption of a tonne of oil equivalent (TOE).
A formula that deeply concerns companies :
The typical case, is a company asking for consultancy to an Energy Service Company as Seaside to realise internal efficiency projects.
Once completed, these projects will be presented to the related body, the GSE, a government company devoted to the promotion of the sustainable development, including energy efficiency.
Once all the requirement are verified, GSE releases the awarded EETs.
These lasts are not only simple documentation, but real certificates with economic value, variable in time, because in Italy there are some efficiency obligations for big energy and gas suppliers, that can be discharged through White Certificates acquisition linked to projects realised by third entities.
As a conclusion, the company who undergoes through efficiency intervention, not only benefits from the diminishments of consumption, but also gets economic contribution linked to the White Certificate value.
A high impact formula: according to the ENEA 2016 energy efficiency report, in the decade 2005-2015, the EET scheme produced savings up to 4.57Mtoe, revealing to be the most effective mechanism for energy efficiency.
Contact us


text:
The Bronson Caves are located in Los Angeles' Griffith Park and are famous as a stage set to countless moition pictures and television shows. The caves are actually man made and were originally a rock quarry during the early 1900s used to lay streets for an expanding Los Angeles. A hundred years of filmmaking has occurred at the caves imaging events from explosions and gun fights to the discovery of cave paintings. Reflecting on this history, the caves are documented on various formats and film stocks over time as an unchanging landscape amidst a chaotic specter of fictional realities.
In the series of photographs titled Bronson Caves, the caves served as a stage set yet again. I performed actions for the camera with massive sheets of colored paper. Since a long-exposure photograph was produced rather than a motion picture, the papers were recorded as voluminous, glowing colors. The materiality of the rainbowed forms, emerging from the mouth of the cave, dancing about the canyon, and bubbling up from the ground, are based solely in the photographic process, and can only be experienced when viewing the final photographic prints. If a visitor to the caves were to accidently stumble upon my performance they would only see a mass of crumbled colored paper draped awkwardly over a man moving/dancing to a camera positioned on a tripod. The goal of these performances was to create sculptural, photographic objects that interacted with the history and architecture of the caves.
The colored paper used during the production of the cave photographs was transformed, weathered, stained, and torn after months of constant use. Deciding to isolate the medium, the props of the action, a studio setting with a pedestal was used to photograph the various scraps of paper. The format of these photographs mimics the traditional way of documenting art objects. However, a photographic technique similar to that explored at the caves was used, exposing the paper into a blurred mass, a pure photographic object. The final phase of the series involved setting the paper ablaze, letting the objects pass in transience but allowing them to persist in photographs.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I want to print a row in Excel. One row contains data for one project.
I want to print one row on one page nicely formatted. Meaning the value of one cell is the header and should be printed fat and centred, the other values should also be placed at fixed positions on the page.
Is this with VBA possible? When I was searching for this problem I only found results for printing a worksheet or a table or parts of it, but no results to use the values of the cells and formatting them.
Thanks in advance
share|improve this question
If you only need to print some value to a cell and give the cell some formatting, you can simply record a Macro, do it manually, then use the recorded VBA code. – KMC May 11 '12 at 10:08
does it have to be in VBA? you can create a sheet as a template for printing with formulas like =INDIRECT("sheet1!A"&row_number), create a named range called "row_number" and enter here the row number you want to print... – deathApril May 11 '12 at 10:17
add comment
3 Answers
up vote 0 down vote accepted
As the other answers indicate, it is certainly possible in Excel VBA, but it is not really Excel's strong point.
What would typically be done to obtain the result you seem to be after is use a fully formatted Word document with fields that are then filled in with values from an Excel worksheet. You can even cheat a bit and use the Mail Merge \ Letter wizard to set everything up.
If you do want to do it all in Excel, you can find instructions and an example VBA macro here: _URL_
share|improve this answer
add comment
Template is a good way to do. With a macro there's better performance where it avoids the usage of volatile functions such as INDIRECT() However again it depends on how many volatile functions your worksheet carries.
share|improve this answer
add comment
Yes, it is possible when you use the Styles in excel. I know you can do Font formatting quite easily. Not sure about indenting it, but worth a try.
If style doesnt support it (it might in Excel 2010), you can always indent it via VBA (record a macro when you indent the values, it should look like this):
Selection.InsertIndent 1
share|improve this answer
add comment
Your Answer


text:
Let us consider four disks intersecting as in the figure. Each of the three shapes formed by the intersection
of three disks will be called a petal.
Write zero or one on each of the disks. Then write on each petal the remainder in the division by two of the sum
of integers on the disks that contain this petal. For example, if there were the integers 0, 1, 0, and 1 written
on the disks, then the integers written on the petals will be 0, 1, and 0 (the disks and petals are given in the
order shown in the figure).
This scheme is called a Hamming code. It has an interesting property: if you enemy changes secretely any
of the seven integers, you can determine uniquely which integer has been changed. Solve this problem and you will
know how this can be done.
The only line contains seven integers separated with a space, each of them being zero or one. The first four
integers are those written on the disks in the order shown in the figure. The following three integers are those
written on the petals in the order shown in the figure
Output one line containing seven integers separated with a space. The integers must form a Hamming code. The set
of integers may differ from the input set by one integer at most. It is guaranteed that either the input set is
a Hamming code or a Hamming code can be obtained from it by changing exactly one integer.
0 1 0 1 1 0 1
0 1 0 0 1 0 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Problem Author: Sofia Tekhazheva, prepared by Olga Soboleva
Problem Source: Ural Regional School Programming Contest 2010


Expert Curriculum
Developing in 2020 is our Expert Curriculum.
Children become experts across a range of subjects, and these form the basis of the wider curriculum. Expert lenses help children to be Scientists, Designers, Historians, Geographers and Artists during sessions each week. There is a focused approach to knowledge development and skills within this, and a strong focus on vocabulary acquisition and development. The wider curriculum is developed in this way, whilst providing enrichment opportunities for English and Maths as appropriate.
For children to make meaning within EXPERT, the Golden Threads of learning helps them make meaning in their learning through the concept of Lives. The Golden Thread links their life, to that of others; and there is a consideration on how life has developed and changed. Life is the Golden Thread that links all learning together - to the individual, personal ambition, key achievements and the wider world both now and through the ages.
Children are taught to reflect on the following questions to support the development of this knowledge of themselves, the world and others.
 - How does this link back to _______________? (something learned previously)
 - What does this remind you of?
 - Where have we used some of this key vocabulary before?
 - Where might this be relevant in your life?
 - How might this be useful in the future? What about jobs?
 - What is the point in learning it?
 - Are there specific famous people, landmarks, events…..that add to meaning? (Cultural Capital)
The wider curriculum is also taught during Experience Days within The Write Stuff and as part of G2BG.


The Bonneville Youth Development Council hosted a parental drug education program Monday night at the Compass Academy in Idaho Falls.
The program teaches parents about current drug and alcohol trends among teens, pointing out signs to watch out for. Coordinator Alisha Passey said certain behaviors can point to drug use.
"Grades suddenly change, loss of old friends and gaining new friends," said Passey. "Sometimes they're really irritable."
The program focuses primarily on gateway drugs.
"We talk a lot about alcohol, underage drinking, marijuana usage and prescription drug abuse," said Passey.
Passey said teens often blow marijuana smoke through dryer sheets stuffed into empty toilet paper rolls to prevent an overwhelming scent. She also shows parents the multiple ways teens hide their drugs, like in makeshift soda cans and water bottles.
The students involved in the BYDC even point out new trends among their peers.
"They don't want substance abuse in their community," said Passey. "They see what that does to their friends and relatives, and they just want a safe community to grow up in."
Passey said even if your kid isn't doing drugs, the presentation can still be valuable.
"It may not be their kid, but it may be somebody their kid knows," said Passey. "Nine times out of 10 it probably is somebody that they know."
If you'd like to schedule a presentation, you can call the BYDC at _PHONE_.


text:
Roads of the future might be supplemented with various combinations of sensors, smart paints and energy harvesting devices, a new report says. It sounds crazy, and the implementation of these so-called "smart highways" is still a long way off, but Studio Roosegaarde, a Dutch design firm, feels it has the key to producing something of substance.
According to preliminary plans, Roosegaarde would implement five very distinct interactive technologies: Dynamic Paint, Glow-in-the-Dark Road, Interactive Light, Window Light and Induction Priority Lane.
Basically, each of the five would react to various ambiance. Say the weather is dipping below freezing: Dynamic Paint would display warning symbols on the road to alert motorists. Glow-in-the-Dark Road, as its name suggests, would implement luminescent paint on dividing lines, which would absorb sunlight and glow at night for increased driving visibility.
Both Interactive Light and Wind Light would act as "as needed" light sources. Interactive Light would be designed as a way to cut down on wasted light, and only switch on when it detects an approaching car. "The light grows brighter as the car comes near, then dims as it passes," Gizmag wrote. Wind Light would only turn on as a result of a car's trailing draft; it's unclear how technology like that would decipher between an actual passing vehicle and regular wind.
Lastly, and this idea has been on the table before, is Induction Priority Lane for electric cars. Simply, induction coils would be embedded under the road to charge cars as they trudge along. That's like, infinite gas mileage.
As of now, Roosegaarge, which garnered Best Future Concept by the Dutch Design Awards 2012, plans to have a prototype road in working order in 2013.


text:
2019 will remain forever a very special year in the history of the Secours populaire.
Julien Lauprêtre, President and Founder of the Secours populaire, continued persevering to pursue the association's global reach right up to the moment when he drew his last breath. He gave his full support to the development of the "copain du Monde" children's village initiative because he saw it as the definition of solidarity: be attentive to others, give and receive unconditionally, and recognise solidarity in humanity by providing the stepping stones to meaningful action. This solidarity could then be set in motion in France, Europe and around the world, in the form of support and financial resources, both independently and with respect for others, keeping dignity firmly in place.
Everyone involved in the Secours populaire, all around France and even further afield, shared this same goal and decided that the path Julien Lauprêtre had forged should be followed and widened. The association calls upon all individuals to contribute however they can to roll back misfortune and recognise each person's ability to improve the condition of men, women and children, all around France, Europe and the rest of the world, both at home and abroad, refusing that others should decide their fate and provoke widespread disaster.
For the SPF, that means "influencing the consequences of catastrophes" without questioning or judging their causes. The association has never brought judgement or opinion on cause, and leaves individuals free to form their own views, providing they do not speak in the name of the SPF. That also means calling upon every person, wherever they are, to donate funds, because those resources are what allows the association to remain independent. It also means offering constructive solutions to those in need, so that they can escape poverty and become productive members of society, wherever they may be. It means helping those in authority to deal with these situations head-on, create the conditions required to build the future so that everyone can become active players and ensure the effectiveness of propositions and initiatives.
I would like to thank all of you, and let's keep up the good work.
Officier de la Légion d'Honneur


The Adventures of Darwin Review
From Vingt-et-un Systems and D3, The Adventures of Darwin is a strategy/simulation that borrows ideas from Nintendo's Pikmin, and then applies a good deal of its own gameplay elements to round out the experience. While this game is just another title that will likely fly well below the radar of most gamers, it is actually not that bad, and many gamers will find that they can have some fun with it.
The Adventures of Darwin begins when Darwin the monkey has a prophetic dream about an apocalyptic future event. He urges his tribe to help him as he tries to discover ways to evolve, and hopefully survive. He begins with four followers, and they set out to gather food, resources, and evolutionary items from the surrounding territory. The force expands, of course, but only by collecting the yellow stars that are scattered about, and often guarded by nasty creatures.
The gameplay is very similar to Pikmin, where the player controls one character who, in turn, controls the others. Darwin can interact with most any item, animal, or structure he encounters, ordering his troops to perform the appropriate action in each case. These loyal followers will align themselves into various formations to fight hostiles, collect resources, and blaze paths for their fearless leader, as long as there are enough of them to meet the tasks' minimum manpower requirements. Rather than sending them to return items to the village on their own, though, Darwin must accompany his minions all the time. These frequent trips back to the village become slightly annoying, as they really break up the action, and slow the pace of the entire game.
The game is divided into two separate portions. There is the real-time hunting, gathering, and exploring phase, where all of the action occurs, and there is the village area, where Darwin can visit the various buildings that pop up as wood, stone, and iron are gathered. Each time items are brought back from the field, the entire village progresses toward reaching the next level. When that happens, usually a new building or two will pop up, offering a mix of useful and useless services and information. Some upgrades include a weapon shop, a mess hall to restore health, and resource houses that focus the civilization on one of the three building materials. The unfortunate part is that as the town gains experience, there is no clear indicator of just what is in the works at any given time – until it shows up.
Because the primary goal of the game is to evolve Darwin's society, it stands to reason that the most important part of the game is acquiring specific evolution items. These tools are guarded by each level's boss character, who is usually and excellent monkey/caveman killer. Once he is defeated and the group secures the evolution item, the tribe advances to the next evolutionary level, learns a new formation, and gains a new ability. These abilities always help to unlock more territory for exploration, creating a chain of a events leading to the ultimate success of the civilization.
Visually, The Adventures of Darwin fails to impress. As a matter of fact, the first thing that many players will notice about the game is that its graphics are horrible. Really, it looks like the lovechild of first-generation N64 and Playstation games. The same textures are repeated over and over, so different portions of each area look much the same. Everything is pretty blurry and detail-free, too, making it difficult to discern exactly what little Darwin and friends may come upon in their adventures. This is particularly troubling when you think an enemy is a rock, and instead of getting a valuable piece of building material to aide your community, you get a bitch-slap to your apeish lips.
Much like the graphics, the game's audio is very rudimentary. The primal drum patterns and pleasant midi tunes aren't bad, and may even be sort of catchy, but there is really very little variety here. The best is when the track comes to the end, and there is a hiccup as it loops back to the beginning of the track. Besides that, the sound effects used for Darwin's tribe and its enemies are very generic, and possibly bothersome – depending on the player's tolerance for such things.
The Adventures of Darwin is a game that puts forth a good effort to be innovative, trying out some new twists on existing gameplay mechanics. The poor graphics and sound aside, it doesn't do a terrible job at delivering a somewhat enjoyable experience. A couple of tweaks, and this game could've been very solid. Not bad for 20 bucks.
 - Facebook
 - Twitter
 - Myspace
 - Google Buzz
 - Reddit
 - Stumnleupon
 - Delicious
 - Digg
 - Technorati
Author: Eddie Inzauto View all posts by
Leave A Response
You must be logged in to post a comment.


Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO) Questions and Answers
Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO) Questions and Answers
Q1. What is a cathode ray oscilloscope (CRO)?
A CRO is an electronic device with a CRT as its main component and other associated circuits consisting of a power supply unit, a sawtooth-wave generator, horizon and vertical amplifiers.
Q2. How is CRO superior to ordinary measuring instruments?
CRO is an electronic device that gives graphical representation of alternating quantities under examination. The CRO gives very accurate measurements and is free from the errorsintroduced by the moving parts. It is also from damping mechanisms and other inertia containing parts.
Q3. For what vertical and horizontal plates are provide in a CRO?
Horizontal and vertical plates are provided between electron gun and screen to deflect the beam according to the input signal.
Q4. For what a triggering circuit is provided in a CRO?
In a CRO, a triggering circuit is provided for synchronising two types of deflections so that horizontal deflection starts at the same point of the input vertical signal each time it sweeps.
Q5. What are the essential components of a CRT?
The essential components of a CRT are electron gun, focussing and accelerating anodes, horizontal and vertical deflection plates, and evacuated glass envelope with phosphorescent screen.
Q6. For what electron gun assembly is provided in CRT?
The sole function of an electron gun assembly in a CRO is to provide a narrow and sharply focused electron beam with is accelerated towards the phosphor screen.
Q7. Why is the grid in a CRO provided with a hole in it?
The hole in a grid of a CRO is provided to allow passage for electrons through it and concentrate the beam of electrons along the axis of the tube.
Q8. What is meant by the deflection sensitivity of a CRO?
The deflection sensitivity of a CRO is defined as the vertical deflection of the beam on the screen per unit deflecting voltage.
Q9. What is meant by the deflection factor of a CRO?
The deflection factor of a CRO is the reciprocal of the deflection sensitivity.
Q10. What is Astigmatism control?
Astigmatism control is an adjustment that will provide sharp focus over the entire screen.
Q11. What is graticule?
Graticule is a scale on transparent material that is fitted to the face of CRT for the purpose of measurement.
Q12. What is aquadag?
Coating of a conducting material, known as aquadag, is provided over the interior surface of CRT in order to accelerate the electron beam after passing between the deflation plates and to collect electrons produced by the secondary emission when electron beam strikes the screen.
Q13. What is meant by retrace time?
Retrace time is the time required by the electron beam to return to its original position on a CRT screen after being deflected to the right by a sawtooth waveform.
Q14. What is sweep time?
Sweep time is time duration during which the beam is swept from left to right on the screen of a CRT by the linearly increasing sawtooth voltage.
Q15. What is a Lissajous pattern?
Lissajous pattern is a pattern that results from applying periodic signals to the deflection plates of a CRO.
Q16. How is focussing achieved?
Focussing is achieved by various sets of plated forming a sort of electronic lens. In general, there are three sets of plates. Voltages at anode 1 and 2 are kept fixed while it is variable on the third anode. By varying the voltage on the third anode, the spot may be focussed.


square wave input to lvdt and what are the demodulation techniques for square wave?
If it is an + square wave just add a diode and a cap.
If it is an AC square wave add a bridge rectifier and a smaller cap.
LVDTs NEED sinewave excitation if you want a chance of linear outputs.
The standard methods usually use a phase-sensitive detector, but Analog Devices do the AD598, which does the excitation and demodulation for you.
iceng2 years ago
The linear variable differential transformer
generates a voltage proportional to displacement of an iron rod
this makes the device a great electronic measuring stick for motion
like a water tank or a plant growth or a sub conscious smile.


text:
DNSSEC-TRUST-ANCHORS.D(5) dnssec-trust-anchors.d DNSSEC-TRUST-ANCHORS.D(5)
dnssec-trust-anchors.d, systemd.positive, systemd.negative - DNSSEC trust anchor configuration files
The DNSSEC trust anchor configuration files define positive and negative trust anchors systemd-resolved.service(8) bases DNSSEC integrity
POSITIVE TRUST ANCHORS
Positive trust anchor configuration files contain DNSKEY and DS resource record definitions to use as base for DNSSEC integrity proofs. See
RFC 4035, Section 4.4 for more information about DNSSEC trust anchors.
Positive trust anchors are read from files with the suffix.positive located in /etc/dnssec-trust-anchors.d/, /run/dnssec-trust-anchors.d/
and /usr/lib/dnssec-trust-anchors.d/. These directories are searched in the specified order, and a trust anchor file of the same name in an
earlier path overrides a trust anchor files in a later path. To disable a trust anchor file shipped in /usr/lib/dnssec-trust-anchors.d/ it
is sufficient to provide an identically-named file in /etc/dnssec-trust-anchors.d/ or /run/dnssec-trust-anchors.d/ that is either empty or
a symlink to /dev/null ("masked").
Positive trust anchor files are simple text files resembling DNS zone files, as documented in RFC 1035, Section 5. One DS or DNSKEY
resource record may be listed per line. Empty lines and lines starting with a semicolon (";") are ignored and considered comments. A DS
resource record is specified like in the following example:
. IN DS 19036 8 2 49aac11d7b6f6446702e54a1607371607a1a41855200fd2ce1cdde32f24e8fb5
The first word specifies the domain, use "." for the root domain. The domain may be specified with or without trailing dot, which is
considered equivalent. The second word must be "IN" the third word "DS". The following words specify the key tag, signature algorithm,
digest algorithm, followed by the hex-encoded key fingerprint. See RFC 4034, Section 5 for details about the precise syntax and meaning
of these fields.
Alternatively, DNSKEY resource records may be used to define trust anchors, like in the following example:
. IN DNSKEY 257 3 8 AwEAAagAIKlVZrpC6Ia7gEzahOR+9W29euxhJhVVLOyQbSEW0O8gcCjFFVQUTf6v58fLjwBd0YI0EzrAcQqBGCzh/RStIoO8g0NfnfL2MTJRkxoXbfDaUeVPQuYEhg37NZWAJQ9VnMVDxP/VHL496M/QZxkjf5/Efucp2gaDX6RS6CXpoY68LsvPVjR0ZSwzz1apAzvN9dlzEheX7ICJBBtuA6G3LQpzW5hOA2hzCTMjJPJ8LbqF6dsV6DoBQzgul0sGIcGOYl7OyQdXfZ57relSQageu+ipAdTTJ25AsRTAoub8ONGcLmqrAmRLKBP1dfwhYB4N7knNnulqQxA+Uk1ihz0=
The first word specifies the domain again, the second word must be "IN", followed by "DNSKEY". The subsequent words encode the DNSKEY
flags, protocol and algorithm fields, followed by the key data encoded in Base64. See RFC 4034, Section 2 for details about the precise
syntax and meaning of these fields.
If multiple DS or DNSKEY records are defined for the same domain (possibly even in different trust anchor files), all keys are used and are
considered equivalent as base for DNSSEC proofs.
Note that systemd-resolved will automatically use a built-in trust anchor key for the Internet root domain if no positive trust anchors are
defined for the root domain. In most cases it is hence unnecessary to define an explicit key with trust anchor files. The built-in key is
disabled as soon as at least one trust anchor key for the root domain is defined in trust anchor files.
It is generally recommended to encode trust anchors in DS resource records, rather than DNSKEY resource records.
If a trust anchor specified via a DS record is found revoked it is automatically removed from the trust anchor database for the runtime.
See RFC 5011 for details about revoked trust anchors. Note that systemd-resolved will not update its trust anchor database from DNS
servers automatically. Instead, it is recommended to update the resolver software or update the new trust anchor via adding in new trust
The current DNSSEC trust anchor for the Internet's root domain is available at the IANA Trust Anchor and Keys page.
NEGATIVE TRUST ANCHORS
Negative trust anchors define domains where DNSSEC validation shall be turned off. Negative trust anchor files are found at the same
location as positive trust anchor files, and follow the same overriding rules. They are text files with the.negative suffix. Empty lines
and lines whose first character is ";" are ignored. Each line specifies one domain name which is the root of a DNS subtree where validation
shall be disabled.
Negative trust anchors are useful to support private DNS subtrees that are not referenced from the Internet DNS hierarchy, and not signed.
RFC 7646 for details on negative trust anchors.
If no negative trust anchor files are configured a built-in set of well-known private DNS zone domains is used as negative trust anchors.
It is also possibly to define per-interface negative trust anchors using the DNSSECNegativeTrustAnchors= setting in systemd.network(5)
systemd(1), systemd-resolved.service(8), resolved.conf(5), systemd.network(5)
1. RFC 4035, Section 4.4
2. RFC 1035, Section 5
3. RFC 4034, Section 5
4. RFC 4034, Section 2
5. RFC 5011
6. IANA Trust Anchor and Keys
7. RFC 7646
systemd 237 DNSSEC-TRUST-ANCHORS.D(5)


text:
Educators Curate Content Leveraging Scoop.It
Content curation is getting a lot of "press" in the field of education. While not my area of expertise, it is easy to see thoughtful, dedicated teachers looking for creative ways to provide education content for the students. Matt Tschoegl provides insight in how Educators can use Scoop.It to enhance the discovery and presentation of Internet content for their subject matter…
Scoop.it is a freemium service (more on that below) that allows you to create a web page to share
It does that by (1) combining clever curation tools that make it easy to gather content in one place with (2) a reasonably wide range of sharing functionalities to let people know about your page.what you find interesting with the world.
What Can You Do With It?
Here are are some practical ideas that people have already come up with on how to put Scoop.it to good use:
- Create a simple webpage for a single topic. If you are teaching about a specific topic (a holiday, country, person, etc.) in some depth, you can aggregate articles on the subject matter on one page. See here about a teacher who used it to make a Ground Hog's Day page.
- Publish a magazine for colleagues or like-minded types on what you think are interesting or pertinent topics. An example can be found here as well as links to other useful web applications.
- Organizing in one location materials that you might use across different classes. You can use a Scoop.it page to aggregate educational videos, online quizzes, spelling resources, and other similar stuff. These guys/gals can show you how to do it.
- If you are teaching about an active news item, you can use Scoop.it curation tools to create a page that is constantly updated with the latest items on the topic. Here is more about how to go about doing that.
- Or use it to create your own lightweight, low-maintenance blog with automated content addition. Take a look at this Scoop.it pagemaintained by this teacher.
Brian Weaver provides hands on insight into leveraging Scoop.It for the classroom:
Instructions on using scoop.it for the classroom
Filed under: Curation for Education
Like this post? Subscribe to my RSS feed and get loads more!