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Crashed UFOs: The Bolivian Affair
Regardless of whether or not UFOs really have crashed to Earth, there can be no doubt that mentioning the words "crashed" and "UFO" in the same sentence inevitably brings the controversial Roswell, New Mexico affair of July 1947 to mind. But, there are numerous other cases on file that could, perhaps, be termed the "little brothers" of Roswell. And even though, as people may know from my Body Snatchers in the Desert book, I'm not a particularly big fan of crashed UFO cases, there are some that even I still find very intriguing, including the following…
The genesis of the affair in question appeared to come from a U.S. Department of State telegram transmitted from the American Embassy in La Paz, Bolivia, to the U.S. Secretary of State, Washington, D.C., on 15 May 1978. Captioned Report of Fallen Space Object, it detailed strange events then afoot in Bolivia.
It began: "The Bolivian newspapers carried this morning an article concerning an unidentified object that apparently recently fell from the sky. The object was discovered near the Bolivian city of Bermejo and was described as egg-shaped, metal and about four meters in diameter. The Bolivian Air Force plans to investigate to determine what the object might be and from where it came. I have expressed our interest and willingness to help. They will advise."
The author of the report added, with some significance: "Request the department check with appropriate agencies to see if they can shed some light on what this object might be. The general region has had more than its share of reports of UFOs the past week. Request a reply ASAP."
The Department of State was not the only branch of government that took an interest in the case, as a CIA report – also of 15 May 1978 – makes abundantly clear:
"Many people in this part of the country claim they saw an object which resembled a soccer ball falling behind the mountains on the Argentine-Bolivian border, causing an explosion that shook the earth. This took place on May 6. Around that time some people in San Luis and Mendoza provinces reported seeing a flying saucer squadron flying in formation."
The CIA continued: "The news from Salta confirms that the artificial satellite fell on Taire Mountain in Bolivia, where it has already been located by authorities. The same sources said that the area where the artificial satellite fell has been declared an emergency zone by the Bolivian Government."
Dated 16 May 1978 and titled Reports Conflict on Details of Fallen Object, a second CIA document reads thus:
"We have received another phone call from our audience requesting confirmation of reports that an unidentified object fell on Bolivian territory near the Argentine border. We can only say that the Argentine and Uruguayan radio stations are reporting on this even more frequently, saying that Bolivian authorities have urgently requested assistance from the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration in order to determine the nature of that which crashed on a hill in Bolivian territory."
And the story progressed like this, said the CIA: "Just a few minutes ago Radio El Espectador of Montevideo announced that there was uncertainty as to the truth of these reports. Argentine sources indicated that the border with Bolivia had been closed but that it might soon be reopened. They also reported that an unidentified object had fallen on Bolivian soil near the Argentine border and that local Bolivian authorities had requested aid from the central government, which, in turn, had sought assistance from the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration to investigate the case."
Then things got even more curious, as the CIA made very clear: "A La Paz newspaper said today that there is great interest in learning about the nature of the fallen object, adding that local authorities for security reasons had cordoned off 200 km around the spot where the object fell. The object is said to be a mechanical device with a diameter of almost 4 meters which has already been brought to Tarija. There is interest in determining the accuracy of these reports which have spread quickly throughout the continent, particularly in Bolivia and its neighboring countries. Is it a satellite, a meteorite, or a false alarm?"
A perusal of the files of both the CIA and the Department of State reveals that on 18 May 1978 the U.S. Embassy in La Paz again forwarded a telegram to the Secretary of State, Washington, DC. Classified Secret, the telegram disclosed the following:
"Preliminary information provided has been checked with appropriate government agencies. No direct correlation with known space objects that may have re-entered the Earth's atmosphere near May 6 can be made; however, we are continuing to examine any possibilities. Your attention is invited to State Airgram A-6343, July 26, 1973 which provides background information and guidance for dealing with space objects that have been found. In particular any information pertaining to the pre-impact observations, direction of trajectory, number of objects observed, time of impact and a detailed description including any markings would be helpful."
Six days later a communication was transmitted from the U.S. Defense Attaché Office in La Paz to a variety of U.S. military and government agencies, including NORAD, the U.S. Air Force, and the Department of State. Its contents make for intriguing reading:
"This office has tried to verify the stories put forth in the local press. The Chief of Staff of the Bolivian Air Force told DATT/AIRA this date that planes from the BAF have flown over the area where the object was supposed to have landed and in their search they drew a blank. Additionally, DATT/AIRA talked this date with the Commander of the Bolivian army and he informed DATT that the army's search party directed to go into the area to find the object had found nothing. The army has concluded that there may or not be an object [sic], but to date nothing has been found."
So what exactly did occur on that fateful day back in May 1978? While the available U.S. Government records certainly point towards the probability that something out of the ordinary occurred, they also raise more questions.
The CIA's report of 15 May 1978 clearly stated that the object had fallen to earth on Taire Mountain, Bolivia, and had "already been located by authorities." Furthermore, on the following day, the CIA learned that the object had "been brought to Tarija." In contrast, the Bolivian Army and Air Force advised the U.S. Defense Attaché Office that their search for the mystery object had drawn a blank and nothing was found. Was the CIA misinformed, or were the Bolivians keeping the Department of State in the dark? Regardless, of the answers to those questions, the story does not end there.
Tantalizing information sand rumors suggest that the object may have recovered by U.S. authorities, and that both the CIA and NASA played key roles in the case. In June 1979 the crashed UFO researcher/author Leonard Stringfield was contacted by an Argentinean investigator, Nicholas Ojeda, who had some interesting data to impart with regard to the crash. According to Ojeda: "There is a report of a group of investigators who vanished mysteriously in the area. I really think something big happened in Salta. NASA investigated, but there was no news of it. I have to tell you that in La Paz, Bolivia, a huge Hercules C-130 carried 'something' from the area where the UFO crashed."
In addition, Stringfield's research led to a disclosure that a CIA source known to the researcher Bob Barry confirmed that the C-130 flight took place and that he was aboard the aircraft. "No comment" was the reply that Barry received when the issue of the aircraft's cargo was raised.
Unfortunately, the available evidence still does not answer that crucial question: What was it that crashed at Bermejo, Bolivia in May 1978? It seems unlikely that the object was a meteorite, primarily because of the description given in the Department of State's telegram of 15 May: "The object was…egg-shaped, metal and about four meters in diameter."
What of the possibility that the object had been a man-made satellite or rocket-booster? Again, that theory was thrown into doubt by the Department of State's Secret telegram of 18 May, which clearly stated that, "No direct correlation with known space objects that may have entered the Earth's atmosphere near May 6 can be made."
Moreover, what of the statement of the CIA that, "people in San Luis and Mendoza provinces reported seeing a flying saucer squadron flying in formation;" and the Department of State's revelation that, "the general region has had more than its share of reports of UFOs the past week?"
Faced with this overwhelming body of official evidence, we might be wise to give serious thought to this odd-but-intriguing affair. UFO, satellite, rocket-booster, or something else? Time may one day tell. Or, as with Roswell, the story may become just another ufological Jack the Ripper – a decades-old saga filled with countless theories, but – due to the long passage of time – one with no hard evidence to support any of those same theories. We'll see…maybe…


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Recreational and medicinal use of cannabis is increasing among the HIV patient population because reports show that it can treat many of the symptoms of AIDS. It can relieve nausea, increase appetite, decrease extreme weight loss, reduce pain, and reduce anxiety. While many speculate that cannabis can be harmful and some believe that it even has the potential to cause AIDS treatment to stop working properly, it is still important to understand exactly how it affects HIV patients because there is unlikely to be a decrease in the prevalence of its use.
Even temporary failure for HIV treatment therapy to work properly (known as suboptimal adherence of treatment) can severely decrease the benefits of the treatment, so a lot of research has been conducted about what can cause suboptimal adherence to occur. One of the major causes of suboptimal adherence is when patients do not take their medication as prescribed. Studies show that taking less than 90 to 95% of prescribed doses of medications can cause the treatment to stop working and it can induce the development of drug resistant HIV strains. Even if it starts working again before resistant HIV strains arise, the temporary suboptimal adherence can result in significant medical setbacks in the HIV patient.
Other studies show that drug use and abuse may also cause suboptimal adherence. This type of suboptimal adherence is likely a result of all the effects that drugs have on sleep, eating, cognitive, and other lifestyle patterns. One study shows that drugs users were four times more likely to experience suboptimal levels of antiretroviral therapy adherence. That number jumped to seven times more likely when they were using drugs like cocaine and methamphetamine. These studies are especially disheartening since drug abuse is one of the biggest risk factors of HIV. HIV is a blood borne virus, which means dirty needles can cause the transmission of the virus, so users of drugs that require needle injections, such as heroin and methamphetamine, are at an especially high risk of getting the virus. Since drug abuse is also associated with suboptimal adherence, any drug user who continues to use drugs after HIV diagnoses will have trouble with their treatment.
When it comes to cannabis, scientists are less sure about whether it can be good for AIDS patients because the relationship between cannabis use and suboptimal adherence is unclear. Some report that cannabis use is linked to poor adherence risk factors, including higher anxiety about their medications and higher rates of missed medications. Another study shows that marijuana use can cause asymptomatic HIV patients to start experiencing the symptoms of AIDS. More recent studies have concluded that there is no difference between HIV patients who used cannabis and those who do not, which is optimistic given rapid changes in laws regarding the use of marijuana in the United States. It also means that marijuana might be a good way of treating AIDS symptoms since many report that cannabis can be very helpful with a lot of the symptoms. Other medications might be better for managing pain, appetite loss, and anxiety; however, cannabis tends to work faster.
Still, there are negative long term side effects associated with cannabis use and some of these long terms effects can be harmful to the immune system. Immune system damage is the last thing that anyone with AIDS and other immune diseases wants, but studies show that this immune system damage does not increase the likelihood of suboptimal adherence to treatment. In other words, the negative effects of marijuana are still present in AIDS and HIV patients, but they are not likely to be more pronounced simply because they already have AIDS. The cannabis just causes other symptoms that no one wants to experience, even if that patient does not have a chronic illness like AIDS.
Additionally, plenty of healthcare providers and scientists believe that, if administered properly, marijuana use can give anybody a wide variety of health benefits without causing any of the negative side effects. Many AIDS and HIV patients are already using cannabis to treat their symptoms, so it might be a good idea for doctors to prescribe it so that they can better monitor and regulate how and when patients use the cannabis. By doing this, doctors can ensure that patients experience the minimum amount of long term effects that are associated with consistent cannabis use.
For example, doctors could better control how patients administer the marijuana. Smoking marijuana is often considered the least beneficial way to using it, so doctors can provide patients with better ways of using cannabis to treat symptoms. Smoking it puts patients at a higher risk for lung infections. Since AIDS is already a risk factor for lung infections (even when the AIDS is properly treated), doctors might want to encourage patients to avoid smoking.
Interestingly, one study shows that the benefits of the marijuana in AIDS and cancer patients far outweigh all the problems caused by smoking it. Therefore, even if doctors cannot regulate cannabis use in the patients (either because the patient does not admit to using marijuana or because medicinal marijuana is not legal in the state), the doctor should not be too concerned. Similar risks of lung infections exist in cancer patients, but it has long been shown that cancer patients greatly benefit from smoking marijuana, despite the risks. The case might be the same with HIV patients.
There are still a number of doctors and scientists who are concerned about cannabis use in AIDS and HIV patients. However, because of the growing prevalence of recreational marijuana use both within and without the population of HIV patients, it is important to fully understand the impact that marijuana can have on someone with HIV. Since most patients report that cannabis only improves their symptoms, doctors must recognize that many of their patients are going to turn to cannabis, whether it is medicinal or not. Therefore, it might be best for doctors to try to properly administer cannabis to ensure that patients receive the maximum benefit from it, while avoiding some of the negative side effects.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Today is the first official Digital Archives Day. All day, archivists and conservators working in digital archives of all kinds will be sharing their work under the _TAG_ hashtag, and blogging at dayofdigitalarchives.blogspot.com
I wanted to take a moment today to briefly talk about an innovation in digital imaging and computing that has become a frustation to many artists that have been experimenting with the web since the early years: Anti-aliasing. Put simply, anti-aliasing is a method of image processing that uses interpolation, to construct "new data points within the range of a discrete set of known data points." This is a function of digital signal processing that has many many important applications, from helping typefaces look good on screen, to making images not look odd when scaled down. The use of anti-aliasing that we are talking about here though, is quite specific: the display of resized digital images and video in web browsers. To illustrate how anti-aliasing has affected an era of web content, we will look at Cory Arcangel's "Data Diaries."
Data Diaries on Turbulence.org
In 2002, when Arcangel created "Data Diaries," if one were set the size of an image or video embedded in a web page larger than it's actual size, the browser would use nearest neighbor interpolation to display the image. In other words – if one were to embed a 50 x 50 px image or video as 100 x 100 px, each pixel would appear to double in size. This default form of nearest neighbor interpolation was exploited to aesthetic ends by many early net artists, including Cory. When Cory made Data Diaries, he rendered the original videos at the dimension of 50 x 25 px - so tiny! He embedded these videos at dimensions of 500 x 266 px...

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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The Critical Core Manufacturing Skills training modules give your
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The critical core manufacturing skills combine powerful new training content with
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- Core Productivity Skills: Modules are designed to give your business a competitive edge by optimizing individual performance.
- Module 1: Work Productively
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- Module 3: Maintain a Safe Work Environment
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- Module 4: Think Critically
- Module 5: Apply Problem Solving Strategies
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- Module 7: Work Cooperatively in Teams
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Configuration management vs. asset management simplified
Configuration management and asset management are terms that are sometimes used interchangeably. While similar in certain ways, they are not the same thing.
Configuration management and asset management move in the same orbit -- the management of an organization's systems and services -- but they have different purposes and goals.
In configuration management, an item's utility, function and availability matter; its value, brand and physical characteristics do not.
Asset management, on the other hand, is unconcerned with service onboarding and control of how an item is pushed into service. Instead, the goal is to manage the asset lifecycle -- but not the service it provides.
Key differences between configuration management and asset management
Services and systems to support business operations are brought to life via change management, which manages the services throughout their lifecycle. A proper change management system consists of a centralized database of items (configuration items) and interdependencies between the items upon which the changes are to be performed, termed the configuration management database, or CMDB.
Configuration management involves the documentation of changes made to a system or service configuration. Configuration items are highly controlled resources, whether physical or virtual. Changes made to those resources are well-defined, documented and managed, and tightly coupled to the service they provide.
Consider a scenario when IT staff needs to update a group of servers. A configuration management system holds records of the changes, and it documents useful information, such as the agreed length of downtime and patching schedules so that the SLAs can be accurately maintained and measured. It will also list key contact groups and handle alert suppression on the configuration items.
Configuration management ensures that every subsequent change made to an IT resource is approved, measured and managed. Asset management is more concerned with the cost of the resource and its lifespan.
IT asset management systems record details, including purchase value, vendor, purchase date, invoice number, serial number, phone number and other details that are deemed important. Configuration management is rarely concerned about that asset data because it does not further the resource's intended purpose.
While an individual asset can be part of a group that provides a defined service, such as desktop or mobile services, the loss or removal of an individual physical item (asset) from a potentially vast pool of items doesn't damage or hinder the overarching service (configuration). A failed software upgrade that was under change control, however, could affect the entire service.
Configuration items and assets can overlap
Configuration management ensures that every subsequent change made to an IT resource is approved, measured and managed. Asset management is more concerned with the cost of the resource and its lifespan. Even so, configuration management and asset management can apply to most items at the same time.
Organizations place different importance on IT assets, depending on the role an asset plays in the ongoing operation of the business. There is no hard and fast rule.
Assets can be -- and often are -- configuration items, and come under the purview of configuration management. But that is not a given. For example, a physical server is an asset. It has a useful lifespan and is subject to accounting rules. It is also a configuration item. The IT team applies changes to it and it is subject to the change management process.
Other items, such as certificate entries in a load balancing system, have value even though they do not physically exist. Since they have no tangible value, they are not factored into an asset management program. Yet they are important and must be documented, managed and controlled via configuration management.
Another key difference between asset management and configuration management is how products and services are brought into the environment.
An IT service is essentially managed into existence through a well-defined service implementation framework. It is fully managed throughout its life and subsequent decommission. The same cannot be said of a desktop PC. If it breaks, it goes through an asset disposal process, but is not subject to change review. Its status is, however, updated in the asset management system.
Controlling configuration and asset management
Services and systems configuration items have owners. This helps to enforce the RACI model, which stipulates that every key item has a person or group that is responsible, accountable, consulted and informed. Doing so ensures that the appropriate people know what's going on and are involved in the change management process when it pertains to items under their ownership. These people are able to approve or deny the changes.
As an example, a newly implemented disaster recovery service can be broken down into several components involving tangible items, such as the switches and network links, as well as the actual service itself. The virtual machines get asset management entries and properties. The system as a whole, as well as its dependencies, are all configuration items. Assets can be configuration items, remember.
With these configurations properly mapped, later system upgrades are less complicated. The IT team knows that all the dependencies are included as part of the change. As part of an upgrade, the change order will include all the configuration items and approvals.
Dig Deeper on Configuration Management and DevOps


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||This article needs additional citations for verification. (January 2012)|
Angular resolution, or spatial resolution, describes the ability of any image-forming device such as an optical or radio telescope, a microscope, a camera, or an eye, to distinguish small details of an object, thereby making it a major determinant of image resolution.
Definition of terms
Resolving power is the ability of an imaging device to separate (i.e., to see as distinct) points of an object that are located at a small angular distance. The term resolution or minimum resolvable distance is the minimum distance between distinguishable objects in an image, although the term is loosely used by many users of microscopes and telescopes to describe resolving power. In scientific analysis, in general, the term "resolution" is used to describe the precision with which any instrument measures and records (in an image or spectrum) any variable in the specimen or sample under study.
The imaging system's resolution can be limited either by aberration or by diffraction causing blurring of the image. These two phenomena have different origins and are unrelated. Aberrations can be explained by geometrical optics and can in principle be solved by increasing the optical quality — and subsequently the cost — of the system. On the other hand, diffraction comes from the wave nature of light and is determined by the finite aperture of the optical elements. The lens' circular aperture is analogous to a two-dimensional version of the single-slit experiment. Light passing through the lens interferes with itself creating a ring-shape diffraction pattern, known as the Airy pattern, if the wavefront of the transmitted light is taken to be spherical or plane over the exit aperture.
The interplay between diffraction and aberration can be characterised by the point spread function (PSF). The narrower the aperture of a lens the more likely the PSF is dominated by diffraction. In that case, the angular resolution of an optical system can be estimated (from the diameter of the aperture and the wavelength of the light) by the Rayleigh criterion invented by Lord Rayleigh:
Two point sources are regarded as just resolved when the principal diffraction maximum of one image coincides with the first minimum of the other. If the distance is greater, the two points are well resolved and if it is smaller, they are regarded as not resolved. If one considers diffraction through a circular aperture, this translates into:
The factor 1.220 is derived from a calculation of the position of the first dark circular ring surrounding the central Airy disc of the diffraction pattern. The calculation involves a Bessel function—1.220 is approximately the first zero of the Bessel function of the first kind, of order one (i.e., ), divided by π.
The formal Rayleigh criterion is close to the empirical resolution limit found earlier by the English astronomer W. R. Dawes who tested human observers on close binary stars of equal brightness. The result, θ = 4.56/D, with D in inches and θ in arcseconds is slightly narrower than calculated with the Rayleigh criterion: A calculation using Airy discs as point spread function shows that at Dawes' limit there is a 5% dip between the two maxima, whereas at Rayleigh's Criterion there is a 26.3% dip. Modern image processing techniques including deconvolution of the point spread function allow resolution of even narrower binaries.
The angular resolution may be converted into a spatial resolution, Δℓ, by multiplication of the angle (in radians) with the distance to the object. For a microscope, that distance is close to the focal length f of the objective. For this case, the Rayleigh criterion reads:
This is the size, in the imaging plane, of smallest object that the lens can resolve, and also the radius of the smallest spot to which a collimated beam of light can be focused. The size is proportional to wavelength, λ, and thus, for example, blue light can be focused to a smaller spot than red light. If the lens is focusing a beam of light with a finite extent (e.g., a laser beam), the value of D corresponds to the diameter of the light beam, not the lens.Note Since the spatial resolution is inversely proportional to D, this leads to the slightly surprising result that a wide beam of light may be focused to a smaller spot than a narrow one. This result is related to the Fourier properties of a lens.
A similar result holds for a small sensor imaging a subject at infinity: The angular resolution can be converted to a spatial resolution on the sensor by using f as the distance to the image sensor; this relates the spatial resolution of the image to the f-number, f/#:
Since this is the radius of the Airy disk, the resolution is better estimated by the diameter,
Point-like sources separated by an angle smaller than the angular resolution cannot be resolved. A single optical telescope may have an angular resolution less than one arcsecond, but astronomical seeing and other atmospheric effects make attaining this very hard.
The angular resolution R of a telescope can usually be approximated by
Resulting R is in radians. Sources larger than the angular resolution are called extended sources or diffuse sources, and smaller sources are called point sources.
For example, in the case of yellow light with a wavelength of 580 nm, for a resolution of 0.1 arc second, we need D = 1.2 m.
This formula, for light with a wavelength of about 562 nm, is also called the Dawes' limit.
The highest angular resolutions can be achieved by arrays of telescopes called astronomical interferometers: These instruments can achieve angular resolutions of 0.001 arcsecond at optical wavelengths, and much higher resolutions at radio wavelengths. In order to perform aperture synthesis imaging, a large number of telescopes are required laid out in a 2-dimensional arrangement.
The angular resolution R of an interferometer array can usually be approximated by
- λ is the wavelength of the observed radiation
- and B is the length of the maximum physical separation of the telescopes in the array, called the baseline.
The resulting R is in radians. Sources larger than the angular resolution are called extended sources or diffuse sources, and smaller sources are called point sources.
For example, in order to form an image in yellow light with a wavelength of 580 nm, for a resolution of 1 milli-arcsecond, we need telescopes laid out in an array that is 120 m × 120 m.
The resolution R (here measured as a distance, not to be confused with the angular resolution of a previous subsection) depends on the angular aperture :
- where.
Here NA is the numerical aperture, is half the included angle of the lens, which depends on the diameter of the lens and its focal length, is the refractive index of the medium between the lens and the specimen, and is the wavelength of light illuminating or emanating from (in the case of fluorescence microscopy) the sample.
It follows that the NAs of both the objective and the condenser should be as high as possible for maximum resolution. In the case that both NAs are the same, the equation may be reduced to:
The practical limit for is about 70°. In an air objective or condenser, this gives a maximum NA of 0.95. In a high-resolution oil immersion lens, the maximum NA is typically 1.45, when using immersion oil with a refractive index of 1.52. Due to these limitations, the resolution limit of a light microscope using visible light is about 200 nm. Given that the shortest wavelength of visible light is violet ( ≈ 400 nm),
which is near 200 nm.
Oil immersion objectives can have practdue to their shallow depth of field and extremely short working distance, which calls for the use of very thin (0.17mm) cover slips, or, in an inverted microscope, thin glass-bottomed Petri dishes.
However, resolution below this theoretical limit can be achieved using optical near-fields (Near-field scanning optical microscope) or a diffraction technique called 4Pi STED microscopy. Objects as small as 30 nm have been resolved with both techniques.
In the case of laser beams, a Gaussian Optics analysis is more appropriate than the Rayleigh criterion, and may reveal a smaller diffraction-limited spot size than that indicated by the formula above.
- Born, Max; Wolf, Emil (October 1999). Principles of Optics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 461. ISBN 0-521-64222-1.
- Michalet, X. (2006). "Using photon statistics to boost microscopy resolution". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 103 (13): 4797–4798. Bibcode:2006PNAS..103.4797M. doi:10.1073/pnas._PHONE_. ISSN 0027-8424.
- "Diffraction: Fraunhofer Diffraction at a Circular Aperture". Melles Griot Optics Guide. Melles Griot. 2002. Retrieved 2011-07-04.
- Nikon MicroscopyU: Concepts and Formulas in Microscopy: Resolution
- D.W. Pohl, W. Denk, and M. Lanz (1984). "Optical stethoscopy: Image recording with resolution λ/20". Appl. Phys. Lett. 44 (7): 651. doi:10.1063/1.94865.


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6 X 9 inches, 72 pages
Illustrated by Mary Weymark Goss
HISTORY AND FICTION ENTWINE as three different eras are woven into this novel. Egypt of the 17th and 18th Dynasties; the 18th century Egyptologist, August Mariette (who actually wrote the story on which Verdi's Aida is based), and his younger brother Jude, a continent away in Canada's northland; and the 20th century Eleanor Lambert, grand-daughter of the elder Mariette. The author moves back and forth between what is 'known' and what he imagines, and the multiple points of view reflect the diversity, multiplicity and tolerance of both the ancient Egyptian and contemporary Ojibway cultures.


Symfony 2.0 vs Agile Toolkit 3.8 – part 4 – Bundles, Users, DB
Wednesday, May 19th, 2010|Misc|by Romans
This post continues comparison of Agile Toolkit and Symfony 2.0. This post is based on features described in Quick tour – page 4
This is a new concept for Agile Toolkit introduced in 3.8. It is however called "Locations". Everything in Agile Toolkit is not bundle, but rather a resource of particular type. Resource may be found in one of the locations.
In practice we have to deal with many cases, when framework change might be required or extended locally. We might then copy./lib/Form.php from./amodules3/Form.php and tweak it. The includes work, they will grab local copy of the file for auto-inclusion if it exists first. The same thing applies to templates, javascript routines, css and images. Through this approach you can drop image under template/jui/images/logo.png and it will automatically used instead of the one bundled with the theme. This is calling substituting.
Third party bundles will play major part, however we have to implement them without hogging performance. Currently you can manually specify additional locations.
Common practice on substituting
Often your code snippets will rely on common class such as Page, but you will want to implement to tweak it for your project. In 3.8 a common practice is to create proxy classes in lib/* such as MYPage, MPForm, MPGrid (where MP is project abbreviation). However we do plan to use "Page", "Grid", "Form" as a proxies to Form_Generic, Grid_Generic etc and use substituting technique to override those within your project.
User attributes (sessions)
In Agile Toolkit any object may use $this->memorize(), $this->recall() and $this->forget() to safely store data in session. If you want multiple objects to use same data, use $this->api->memorize()
It's discouraged to use sessions for things like notice requests – after all you have to keep in mind that in web app you may have multiple browsers open, ajax requests firing and then user still have that "back" button. Web is designed state-less and should stay this way.
memorize() is used to save state of certain control if user leaves the page and comes back. For example, grid will use memorize() for the sorting order. Once you log out it's gone, but while you work with the application it will remember how you sorted the grid on each screen. Filters will also memorize their contents until you reset them.
Accessing the Database
Agile Toolkit takes much more responsibility in a way how user accesses database. Of course you can still send requests through $this->api->db->query(), but in practice it is never used.
Instead framework provides you with db->dsql() which will return a stand-alone class. The class called dynamic query. It's similar to queries in Zend framework, however implementation is much more powerful and allows to do updates, deletes, inserts and can potentially be extended for other operations.
A common use would be
// no product exists
dsql() is simply a query building engine. You can use dsql->select(), dsql->update() to generate a safe SQL code, in case you want to use fetch(). Agile Toolkit always relies on dynamic queries – all objects. This allows you to have a code like this if($_GET['q'])$grid->dq->where('name',$_GET['q']); Framework will encode element properly. Query used by the grid will be altered only if argument was passed. Notice that you can also do joins, grouping, ordering and more.
Sending emails
Email parser relies on functionality of SMlite template engine and provides a easy-to-use wrappers. Often mail body will be stored in the text file and in many cases it will be supplied in both text and html.
When you use TMail, you use set() to define to, from, and as well as signature, and parts of the message body. The whole class tries to fit requirements of a modern web app out of the box, while remaining quite simple and transparent.
Read Part 5 for Agile Toolkit comparison with Symfony 2.0


How To Get Back Into Ketosis After a Cheat Meal
Did you eat something that wasn't on your ketogenic meal plan?
A cheat meal, perhaps?
If so, then you might be wondering how to get back into the state of Nutritional Ketosis quickly.
While it takes 1 to 5 days to initially get into the state of ketosis, depending on your food intake and activity level, cheat meals by themselves, don't take nearly as long.
However, you don't want to make cheat meals a habit, either.
The keto diet is a solution to your metabolic issues and hormonal imbalances.
Going off plan, even for one cheat meal on a regular basis, and those metabolic issues and hormonal irregularities can return to impact your health, as well as your weight, very quickly.
This is why cheat meals are not a part of the keto diet plan.
Keto is a way of life, and cheat meals temporarily switch you back to burning glucose for energy instead of fatty acids and ketones.
They also raise your insulin levels and can trigger binges and cravings for sugary foods.
On the other hand, it's not practical to expect you to always stick to the program and never enjoy a higher carb meal.
Many healthy foods, such as sweet potatoes and winter squash, are higher in carbs than non-starchy vegetables and nuts.
While some people do have the strength to fast until they're able to get ketogenic-friendly foods, not everyone can.
Below we list some of the best ways to get back to ketosis after a cheat meal.
1. Accept the Consequences for Your Actions
Getting back into ketosis after a cheat meal really isn't that difficult to do, but you might need to take a strong stand against your mind and emotions to get it done.
If you're fairly new to ketogenic living, you're going to go head-to-head with your negative thought patterns right after you cheat.
This is because your justifications for cheating might begin to break down after the pleasure of what you were eating is gone.
True recovery involves more than just the physical ramifications from eating off plan. It also involves what your mind and emotions are doing, and sometimes your mind and emotional reactions can be quite brutal.
What you don't want to do is stretch out that one cheat meal into a full day of overeating, or even a weekend. You want to be able to say:
"Okay. I cheated. Now, let's get on with it."
You need to get right back on plan with as little effort as possible.
You don't want to waste time listening to any inner negativity that is criticizing you for cheating or telling you that you blew it, so you might as well give up completely.
Accept the consequences for the scale going up, or your cravings for carby foods coming back with a vengeance, and take the steps necessary to get back in charge of your life.
You know you blew it.
A cheat meal isn't an accident.
A cheat meal is a choice you made at the time you ate that meal, so just own that decision and move on because even planned cheat meals can trigger your inner negativity when you see what happens on the scale.
Shove those thoughts completely out of your mind and accept the fact that your body is going to replace its missing glycogen with carbs.
It's going to store water to convert that extra glycogen into glucose, as well.
Also, consider that the degree to which you get kicked out of ketosis depends on how full your liver glycogen was at the moment you ate that meal.
Everyone does not get kicked out of ketosis when they cheat. And gaining weight is not automatic.
How many extra carbs you ate over your personal carbohydrate tolerance for the day matters, so don't let negatively rise up and convince you that Keto isn't worth the effort. It is.
2. Be More Active
Ketosis is about draining your liver glycogen, but you can encourage the depletion to happen faster by doing things that affect your muscle glycogen stores.
Muscle glycogen and liver glycogen are separate body systems.
While muscles pull in glucose from the bloodstream when they are not insulin resistant, removing that glucose from the blood will cause the liver to convert more glycogen to glucose to bring that glucose level back up.
In fact, 70% to 90% of the excess glucose that enters the bloodstream after a meal is pulled into the muscles, rather than your organs and brain.
Muscles need a tremendous amount of energy, especially after exercise, because the muscles' supply of glycogen will be vastly depleted.
Muscle glycogen is the main source of energy during intensive exercise, so the body will seek to replace that storage for future "fight or flight" events, stress triggers, where quick energy will be needed.
Drained muscle glycogen allows carbohydrates to be used to replace that glycogen instead of being made into fat and stored in your adipose tissues.
Exercise also improves insulin sensitivity, which means more glucose will be taken up from the bloodstream and converted into glycogen for storage.
In fact, the defect in insulin resistant individuals is the reduction of glycogen synthesis.
Carbs are stored as fat instead of being turned into glycogen.
Simple fasting depletes liver glycogen very quickly, but it does not deplete muscle glycogen because muscle glycogen is only used to fuel the muscles.
And you have to move or use your muscles for that glycogen to get used.
So get more active and use those muscles to help the process of getting back into ketosis go faster.
3. Go Right Back to Keto with Your Next Bite
Keto works by depriving the liver of glycogen, so stretching out your cheat meal to include the whole day or weekend will make it harder to get back into ketosis mentally, emotionally, and physically.
Make yourself a promise that you're going to go right back onto your Keto program with your very next bite.
No saying:
"Well, I blew it, so I might as well start over tomorrow."
Starting over tomorrow means that it will take you much longer to get back into the state of Nutritional Ketosis and longer for the body to re-adapt to the switch in metabolic pathways.
Keto isn't like your typical low-calorie diet where cheating just shortens your calorie deficit. Cheating on keto comes with real consequences.
So you need to stay aware of those consequences and keep a step ahead of what your brain and feelings are going to do after you cheat.
Make sure that the next thing you put into your mouth is something that is low in carbs, as well as Keto-friendly.
4. Don't Eat Anything Until You're Hungry
Once you've cheated by eating a moderate to high-carb meal, at least part of those carbohydrates are going to be converted into liver glycogen and stored.
This means that you need to give the liver some time to use up that stored glycogen, so the body will ramp up its production of ketones as quickly as possible.
Just like when you started your low-carb eating plan, the food restriction will force the liver to convert its glycogen stores to glucose to feed the brain and other important body cells.
If you stuck to just one cheat meal, and you didn't go to extremes on the carbs, the amount of time it takes to drain your glycogen stores will be quite short.
There is no reason why you can't get back into ketosis in as little as one day.
Going without eating will drastically cut down on the amount of time it takes to get back into Ketosis.
This is similar to fasting, but you're fasting in a well-fed state because you just had a moderate to high-carb meal and you're not hungry.
What you're doing is giving up any snacking that you're used to doing in between meals, and maybe skipping a meal, or at least delaying it, to make up for the cheating.
If you've upped your activity, this can really make a difference in just how fast you get back into the Nutritional Ketosis zone.
5. Severely Limit Your Carbs
Once you have accepted the consequences for cheating, have upped your activity, vowed to get right back on plan, and don't eat again until you're really hungry, what you eat is as important as your commitment to low-carb living.
Quickest way to get right back into Keto is to lower your carbs as much as you comfortably can and up your fats just a little bit, to make it easier to knock out any cravings that you might have picked up from cheating.
You want to do everything you possibly can to drain your glycogen stores quickly, and cutting back on carbs will do exactly that.
If you can eat just:
 - eggs
 - meat, poultry, fish
 - and hard, aged cheeses
You'll see results fairly quickly. Nothing stops cravings and hunger faster than a zero-carb diet.
But if you can't do zero carb even for one day, then you can also add a small salad or cup of steamed vegetables to your meals to make them easier to stick to.
What you want to do is go back to the basics of low-carb living.
Cut out the fancy low-carb products, trim your condiments as much as you can, and just focus on good, hearty food.
Don't think about what the scale is doing.
Just concentrate on getting back into Ketosis, so you won't have to fight your hunger or cravings.
Once you're solidly back on plan, you can then trim the fat to be more in tune with what you need to eat to keep the pounds coming off at a fairly decent pace.
What About Taking Exogenous Ketones?
Exogenous ketones are the latest trend in ketogenic diet. Many dieters use them to get into the state of ketosis and recover from a cheat.
The


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Hi. can someone please get me started on answering this question.
Elizabeth started with 30 tubs of yeast. At the end of each day, she used a small quantity of yeast to make two additional tubs of yeast, from each tub of yeast that she had. She then sold 50 tubs of yeast.This routine was repeated each day.
A: give the difference equation for generating the number of tubs of yeast at the start of each day.
B: list the number of tubs for the first four days.
C: find the number of tubs of yeast needed at the very start of this procedure so that the number of tubs at the start of each day remained constant.
Thanks in advance


text: The ballast layer is intended to provide a free draining base and sufficient bearing capacity to maintain a proper track alignment. Due to the growth in commuter and industrial traffic, the railway industry needs to fulfil the demands for faster, heavier, and longer trains. However, these high traffic loads often result in a large plastic deformations and degradation of ballast, which in turn, leads to a significant loss of track stability and high maintenance costs. The deformation and degradation of ballast are influenced by factors such as the amplitude and frequency of loading, the number of load cycles, track confining pressure, gradation of aggregates, and the angularity and fracture strength of individual particles. The use of geocomposite (biaxial geogrid-nonwoven geotextile) for enhancing the performance of rail tracks was described, with the aim of reducing track settlement, increasing track resiliency, and decreasing ballast degradation. The effects of impact loads on ballast degradation and its mitigation due to the installation of resilient mats (shock mats) beneath rail tracks were studied using large-scale drop hammer equipment. It has been shown that for tracks built on soft formations, prefabricated vertical drains significantly decrease the build-up of excess pore-water pressure during cyclic loading. A preliminary finite element analysis was used to examine the performance of vertical drains, and a Class A prediction was obtained in terms of settlements, excess pore pressures, and lateral displacements under rail tracks.


Tinkerlab Art Starts - Rachelle Doorley
Tinkerlab Art Starts - Rachelle Doorley
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Get inspired with hands-on creative prompts for elementary-aged children featuring simple materials you can find at home from an experienced art teacher.
Open-ended art prompts that give children opportunities to think creatively rather than follow directions are essential to raising learners who are comfortable with the unknown and eager to tackle it with problem solving skills, self-efficacy, and critical thinking.
From drawing, painting, and paper cutting to making three-dimensional art with clay and recycled materials, these 52 fun and engaging ideas for creative art play use everyday household materials to get kids engaged in their own explorations. These activities are led primarily by the environment. The set up itself is the teacher and will encourage children to think of creative ways to use the provided materials. With foundational information at the start of the book, parents will understand the power of art prompts to foster children's creativity and will be given a variety of ideas for creating a makering space and encouraging self-directed play.


Sun GlassFish Enterprise Server v2.1.1 High Availability Administration Guide
Using Configurations
There are three ways in which clusters or instances use configurations:
The default-config Configuration
For more information, see:
Configurations Created when Creating Instances or Clusters
When creating a new server instance or a new cluster, either:
By default, new clusters or instances are created with configurations copied from the default-config configuration. To copy from a different configuration, specify it when creating a new instance or cluster.
For a server instance, the new configuration is named instance_name-config. For a cluster, the new configuration is named cluster-name -config.
For more information, see:
Clustered Configuration Synchronization
When you create a clustered configuration, Enterprise Server creates a cluster configuration directory on the domain administration server at domain-root/domain-dir/config/cluster-config. This directory is used to synchronize configurations for all instances in the cluster.
Unique Port Numbers and Configurations
If multiple instances on the same host machine reference the same configuration, each instance must listen on a unique port number. For example, if two server instances reference a named configuration with an HTTP/SIP listener on port 80, a port conflict prevents one of the server instances from starting. Change the properties that define the port numbers on which individual server instances listen so that unique ports are used.
The following principles apply to port numbers:


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In many small businesses, there are two types of systems within these organizations, closed systems and open systems. An open system interacts with its environment through giving and receiving information. In a closed system, interactions only happen within the specific system, which means closed systems are shut off from the outside environment, and every interaction is transmitted inside that closed system. Workers in closed systems within an organization don't communicate with other departments about their activities, nor do they receive input from other departments. Closed systems have the advantage of being efficient because there are clear procedures that are not affected by outside influences. The best way to understand closed systems is to see how they are used in organizations.
An assembly line is a closed system, because the day-to-day activities that take place are not dependent on or influenced by external forces, such as what other assembly lines are doing or interactions between mid-level and executive-level management. Assembly line workers complete their daily tasks without having to worry about their work being interrupted by an event such as a staff meeting. Assembly line workers must also adhere to a rigid set of procedures that ensure efficiency and productivity. Any interaction outside of this very precise system can throw off productivity, and wreak havoc with schedules that are often made months or years in advance.
Research and Development Division
The research and development division of a business is a closed system, because the people responsible for developing new products or new technology work without consulting other divisions in the company. This means that R&D workers are insulated from external influences and don't interact with anything outside of their system. For an R&D division, operating as a closed system helps business owners protect valuable intellectual property that could be worth millions in the life cycle of a new product or service.
Trade Secrets Documentation Systems
Some businesses maintain proprietary trade secrets that they must guard to prevent the competition from stealing this information. To keep these secrets, companies sometimes establish a closed system, in which those documents are not available to other departments within the organization, and are shielded from external threats by virus and hacking protection systems. In this closed system, there is no need for interaction outside of the system, because everything the system requires to function properly is contained within the system itself. In fact, external interaction in this instance would expose the business to consequences that could reverberate for years to come.


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Doorway from Abbey of Notre-Dame at Nevers
Seated Virgin and Child
Browse current and upcoming exhibitions and events.
This artwork is currently on display in Gallery 001
According to tradition, the monastery of Moutiers-Saint-Jean was founded by the first Christian kings of France, Clovis I and his son Clothar I. They are almost certainly depicted in the standing figures presenting their charters, now installed in the embrasures on either side of the portal. The small seated figures in the flanking niches represent biblical personages believed to prefigure or foretell Christ's Crucifixion. The tympanum above the doorway depicts Christ crowning the Virgin as the Queen of Heaven. This portal, probably from the north aisle of the cloister, would have led from the monastic precinct into the abbey church. The portal suffered severe damage during the sixteenth-century Wars of Religion; the heads of the two kings may have been repaired in the seventeenth century.
From the abbey of Moutiers-Saint-Jean, near Dijon, FranceMlle. Cambillarc, Moutiers-St.-Jean, France ; Jean Peslier, Vézelay, France ; [ Brummer Gallery, Paris and New York (sold 1932)]
© 2000–2013 The Metropolitan Museum of Art. All rights reserved.


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E10 is a concept invented by Prof. Robert Shiller, who uses E10 for his Shiller P/E calculation. When we calculate the todays Shiller P/E ratio of a stock, we use todays price divided by E10.
What is E10? How do we calculate E10?
E10 is the average of the inflation adjusted earnings of a company over the past 10 years. Lets use an example to explain.
If we want to calculate the E10 of Wal-Mart (WMT) for Dec. 31, 2010, we need to have the inflation data and the earnings from 2001 through 2010.
We adjusted the earnings of 2001 earnings data with the total inflation from 2001 through 2010 to the equivalent earnings in 2010. If the total inflation from 2001 to 2010 is 40%, and Wal-Mart earned $1 a share in 2001, then the 2001s equivalent earnings in 2010 is $1.4 a share. If Wal-Mart earns $1 again in 2002, and the total inflation from 2002 through 2010 is 35%, then the equivalent 2002 earnings in 2010 is $1.35. So on and so forth, you get the equivalent earnings of past 10 years. Then you add them together and divided the sum by 10 to get E10.


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Broadcaster: BBC Four
Review by: Steven Ragdale
This episode of 'Majesty and Mortar: Britain's Great Palaces' is the first in a three part documentary series by the much-loved architectural historian Dan Cruickshank, who has delighted in bringing his love of architectural history to our screens for many years. Armed with an incredible talent for making architectural history appealing and accessible to a wide audience, Cruickshank's enthusiasm for architecture is a joy to watch and can be seen throughout the episode.
In this first episode, Cruickshank is keen to stress the importance of the underlying theme of the series: the idea that buildings are physical reflections of their owners' personalities and can be analysed to uncover the reasons behind their construction, what their owners' were hoping to convey, and how others would view these great structures.
This programme is of great use to those with little or no knowledge in this area and provides a good introduction to the subject of British architectural history. This is largely due to Cruickshank's friendly presenting style, which he uses to ease people in to the world of architectural history. This is particularly important, as this series focuses on elite buildings, which Cruickshank masterfully brings in to the reach and understanding of his television audience through his ability to convey his message simply and effectively, which makes this programme more accessible for his audience.
Using the Norman Conquest of England in 1066 as a starting point, the Tower of London that was swiftly built by William the Conqueror is described as a defining moment in its own right. Here, Cruickshank demonstrates to the viewer the importance of the visual impact buildings have on people. The significance of building this structure out of stone is lost on the modern day viewer, but through emphasising the context in which this building was constructed, Cruickshank expertly demonstrates to the viewer the incredible impact the Tower of London would have had on English people in the eleventh century – a society which had never before encountered stone buildings of this scale. With striking camera shots of the Tower of London in its wider setting, this visual aid really helps the viewer's understanding of this key concept, and indicates the importance of contextualising buildings as a way of better understanding them in their own right, and as windows in to the past.
The connection between these royal structures and the people who helped sculpt them is also explored well by Cruickshank, who discusses the different ways in which Royal palaces have been used by their owners, and consequently, the changing roles of the buildings themselves. Through describing the Tower of London as a luxurious living space for William I, to a safe haven for Stephen in the 1140s, to a home for the Royal Mint! This helps to create a clear narrative for the viewer, aiding their understanding of the ever changing needs of different monarchs throughout time.
Cruickshank then reinforces the idea that these buildings change in their meaning throughout time, and can transport us in the present back through time, by continuing this thought through examining Westminster Hall. The attention to detail throughout this episode is staggering, and can be seen in Cruickshank's explanation of a hammerbeam roof. Using the medieval Westminster Hall as an example, Cruickshank draws the attention of the viewer to the hammerbeam roof, explaining its full significance to the viewer through setting it in its historical context in a concise and effective manner.
Alongside effective camera shots of the hammberbeam roof which highlight specific features as Cruickshank explains their structural and decorative impacts, this combination enables the viewer to fully appreciate this magnificent feat of medieval engineering.
Much of the second half of the episode focuses on Henry VIII and his passion for palace building, through which Cruickshank is able to reveal much about Henry's character and personality, reinforcing the idea of buildings being physical representations of the people and societies that built them. Through exploring the origins and ideas behind Hampton Court Palace, much can be said about the image Henry VIII wanted to project. Cruickshank explains that it was Cardinal Wolsey who originally designed and built Hampton Court Palace as a statement, celebrating and welcoming the principles of the Renaissance and moving away from the more traditional Gothic architecture of the previous centuries. This he does very well, and succeeds in developing the idea that buildings can be used to send messages to those who view them. Cardinal Wolsey understood the power of architecture, which Henry VIII wanted to emulate. Cruickshank, who also understands and values the power architecture can have over people, conveys this in a helpful and effective manner for his television audience.
The last segment of this episode looks specifically at Stirling Castle, and the influence it had on King James VI and I. Through highlighting the meaning behind the grotesque gargoyles from local myths that can be found on the outer walls of the castle, and contrasting these with the Classical-inspired statues that inhabit the inner courtyard, Cruickshank shows the audience how this left a clear impression on the mindset of James VI and I. This provides a clear representation of how the King viewed the world, looking ahead towards the future and Enlightenment principles, rather than behind to the darkness and ignorance of the past. This also provides a neat and logical end to the first installment, leaving the viewer in little doubt about where the series is heading in its broader context.
Overall, through focussing on particular Royal buildings such as the Tower of London, Hampton Court Palace and Westminster Hall, this episode establishes the key theme of learning to use buildings to explore the past. The impact different individuals have on these iconic structures, and in turn the influence they have over people, can be clearly seen and understood by the viewer when set in their wider context. Through doing so, the viewer learns to appreciate the true value and importance of these structures. Cruickshank weaves together the stories of these great buildings, the characters who shaped them, and in turn those who were shaped by them, and sets this against the wider themes of their historical contexts. This results in a first-rate documentary programme, throughout which Dan Cruickshank's passion and enthusiasm for the history of architecture and its important role in modern Britain is a joy to watch, and provides an incredibly informative account for both people with or without any prior knowledge in architectural history.


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Adding Content Blocks To A Page
- Content Blocks are used to organise page content, and keep the page neat, informative and attractive.
- There are different types of Content Blocks for different purposes.
- To add a Content Block to your page, you need to be logged in with Admin access, and click on the Pages tab in the top menu
- Select the Widgets Icon next to the page you wish to add a Content Block to. This will take you to a page where you can view all the Widgets currently active on the page, edit and delete Widgets, and Add new Widgets.
- Click on Add Widget to bring up a list of available Widgets for the page.
- From the list on the Add Widget pop-up, select Content Blocks on the left menu.
- Click next to the Content Block you wish to add.
- The Content Block will now be listed on the Widgets page.
Types of Content Blocks
Plain Content Block
- A Plain Content Block, is used to insert general content onto your page, which you would otherwise normally enter via the Content Editor. The reason you would use a Content Block for this content, is to have it appear on your page below, or amongst other Content Blocks.
- Below is an example of a Plain Content Block.
- For more information, see Plain Content Blocks
- Accordions are used to insert content in to drop down information boxes.
- Accordions are a way to organise a page that would otherwise have lots of information, under several headings.
- For more information, see Accordions
- Tabs are used to insert content in to headings, separated by horizontal tabs.
- They can include text, pictures, media and documents.
- For More information, see Tabs
- Quicklinks are used to insert boxed information and/or pictures with links to further information
- Quicklinks can include text, pictures and links
- They are a neat and visually pleasing way to create links to other pages on your website or external sites
- For more information, see Quicklinks
- Display Cards are a fantastic Content Block, for use when you need to display an image, along side text.
- The Display Card aligns the text with the image, and providing the images are uploaded large enough, it will automatically resize and align the images.
- Display Cards act like a two column table, but are mobile responsive.
- For more information, see Display Cards
Re-ordering Content Blocks
- To re-order your Content Blocks on your page, see Page Widgets


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Leaders Performance Advisor Rachel Vickery discusses the importance of front-loading strategies when moving on from failure and setbacks in high-pressure scenarios.
"I often talk about the difference between fixing broken and creating awesome," Rachel Vickery tells the Leaders Performance Podcast.
The performance coach, who guides and supports high performers to excel, lead and thrive in high-pressure and high-stakes environments, is discussing the importance of preparing athletes for the high-pressure scenarios they face in competition.
"You don't need a 'get out of jail card' in the first place if you haven't ended up in jail in the first place," she continues.
"Performance under pressure is less about what happens in the moment of pressure, it's more about 'what have you done?' everywhere else that's led you into that moment."
In the course of our chat, Rachel, a former gymnast who works across the worlds of sport, military and medicine, to name a few, explores:
- The importance of helping athletes to build a buffer and front-loading strategies to deal with human stress responses [6:00];
- The need for awareness and understanding of those stress responses so that athletes don't feel they are 'going crazy' [13:00];
- The role of imposter syndrome in feeding arousal states during competition [23:00];
- Why it is necessary to aim for excellence rather than perfection [28:00].


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The main purpose of X-Ray phosphors is to respond to X-Rays which re-emit energy as visible photons. They can be incorporated into a wide variety of X-Ray imaging devices, including within medical and security applications.
Phosphors are designated by the letter P followed by a number. Phosphors are often rare-earth compounds with an activator. The activators in phosphor prolong the emission time (afterglow) or sometimes can be used to quench and shorten its afterglow.
Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a technique used in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) to collect and explore quantitive microstructure analysis data such as, crystal orientation, phase grain statistics, phase and strain conditions and defects


Interstate Banking
DEFINITION of 'Interstate Banking'
The expansion of banking across state lines. Interstate banking became widespread in the mid 1980s, when state legislatures passed legislation that allowed bank holding companies to acquire out-of-state banks on a reciprocal basis with other states. Interstate banking has led to the rise of both regional and national banking chains.
BREAKING DOWN 'Interstate Banking'
Interstate banking has grown in three separate phases, starting in the 1980s with regional banks. These companies are limited to a specific region, such as the Northeast or Southeast, and were formed when smaller, independent banks merged to create larger banks. Then state law permitted a national trigger that allowed mergers with banks in any other state after a certain date. The Reigle-Neal Interstate Banking and Branching Efficiency Act allowed banks which met capitalization requirements to acquire other banks in any other state after Oct. 1, 1995. The direct result of these legislations was the onset of nationwide interstate banking.
 1. Reciprocal Statutes
 Legislation enacted between two or more states promoting commerce....
 2. Bank Reserve
 3. Tax Accounting
 4. Chain Banking
 Conceptually a form of bank governance that occurs when a small...
 5. Wholesale Banking
 6. Bank
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The Importance of Ojibwe Language Revitalization
Loss of language and culture is a main concern of Ojibwe people today. According to Dr. Anton Treuer, professor of Ojibwe at Bemidji State University, in his book Ojibwe in Minnesota, estimates that there are fewer than 1,000 Ojibwe speakers in the United States with nearly all of them residing in Minnesota, and a majority of them from Red Lake. Treuer estimates that fewer than 100 speakers are left in Michigan, Wisconsin and North Dakota combined.
Although there are thousands of speakers in Canada, language revitalization is becoming a concern there as well. Even within reservations speakers tend to be concentrated. "Almost all the speakers from Red Lake are from the community of Ponemah", says Treuer. He estimates 675 speakers in Minnesota, 400 of them from Red Lake. "Language and culture go hand in hand", adds Treuer, and points out that there are only a handful of Ojibwe speakers who conduct all traditional funerals in Ojibwe country.
Minnesota Ojibwe have begun a multifaceted approach to preserve the language. Immersion schools are being funded, and several other approaches are being conducted to garner renewed interest in language and culture, not only among Indians, but non-Indians as well.
The Minnesota Legislature recognizes the issue too, and has written legislation that states that the revitalization of American Indian languages is of vital importance to preserving the American Indian culture. The legislature has provided funging, with efforts in Minnesota designed to develop programs to teach the Dakota and Ojibwe languages to students, and to create fluent speakers at both the kindergarten through grade 12 level, and at the postsecondary level.
In the United States there is an "English-Only" political movement that questions the value of teaching languages other than English, including indigenous languages. But throughout many language symposiums, there has been a theme of how language and culture are intimately entwined and cannot be separated.
Treuer writes in the aforementioned book that, "The Maori of New Zealand went from 7 percent fluency to 100 percent for all students in their school system and made Maoritanga one of the country's official languages. Native Hawaiians went from 500 speakers to 15,000. Hawaiian is also an official language in Hawaii along with English. Both groups have not only enjoyed language revitalization of their traditional languages and cultures but also a major boost to community cohesion, pride and solidarity. They've also seen the first major declines in gang activity and drug and alcohol abuse in their histories. The Ojibwe could pursue the same goals in Minnesota.
Gaelic in Ireland is also having great success in revival.
In the summer of 2009 efforts began in Bemidji to successfully convince over 150 businesses to post bilingual signage in English and Ojibwe from bathrooms to produce.
At a language symposium in Alaska the Iñupiaq Eskimos produced a card describing values. One side of the card read:
Every Iñupiaq is responsible to all other Iñupiat for the survival of our cultural spirit, and the values and traditions through which it survives. Through our extended family, we retain, teach, and live our Iñupiaq way.
The other side read, "With guidance and support from Elders, we must teach our children Iñupiaq values" and then the card listed the values of "knowledge of language, sharing, respect for others, cooperation, respect for elders, love for children, hard work, knowledge of family tree, avoidance of conflict, respect for nature, spirituality, humor, family roles, hunter success, domestic skills, humility, [and] responsibility to tribe." The card concluded with "OUR UNDERSTANDING OF OUR UNIVERSE AND OUR PLACE IN IT IS A BELIEF IN GOD AND A RESPECT FOR ALL HIS CREATIONS."
What a wonderful reminder that indigenous language revitalization is part of a larger attempt by indigenous peoples to retain their cultural strengths in the face of the demoralizing assaults of an all-pervasive modern individualistic, materialistic, and hedonistic technological culture. The card reminds us of why it is so important to do everything we can to help the efforts of any person or group that wants to work to preserve their language.
Perhaps had the English, Spanish and later Americans assimilated with the indigenous peoples of Turtle Island as did the French, we would have a better society today.
The Written Language
CHIPPEWA - CHIPPEWAY - OTCHIPWAY - OJIBWAY - OJIBWA - OJIBWE
The Ojibwe language has different sounds than many may be unfamiliar with. This is because Ojibwemowin does not lend itself to the 26 letter English alphabet. Rules then for pronunciation are being developed using the English alphabet as a base. As one can see demonstrated above, Ojibwe and Chippewa are actually the same word heard and then written differently.
There is always discussion on the correct spelling of Ojibwe words. In preserving the language, work is being done to get an accepted or standard spelling of Ojibwe words. It is felt by many, that the double vowel system seems to be the way to go.
The Ojibwe Dictionary Project
The Endangered Languages Program of the National Science Foundation and the National Endowment for the Humanities is funding the development of a new dictionary of Anishinaabemowin, the Ojibwe language, through the Department of American Indian Studies at the University of Minnesota-Twin Cities.
Building out from the widely-used Concise Dictionary of Minnesota Ojibwe, the new bilingual dictionary will contain words contributed by elders through their recorded stories, conversations, and discussions about words. The completed reference dictionary is expected to have entries for between 30,000 and 40,000 main Ojibwe words, each illustrated with a variety of inflected forms and example sentences, related to other members of its word family, and analyzed into its meaningful word parts.
Smaller specialized dictionaries for student use at different levels will be derived from the reference dictionary. An electronic dictionary will feature recordings of the pronunciations of words by the speaker contributors. Classification of words by word class and by meaning will allow users of the online dictionary to choose and display words according to their topic, form, or level of difficulty.


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This past week marked the anniversary of a truly terrible and bizarre piece of Boston history; the great molasses flood of 1919 when a tsunami of molasses covered two blocks of Boston's North End with a 15 foot wave of hot, sticky molasses. If you take a look at these pictures from the Boston Globe you'll see the absolute devastation that the molasses flood brought to the densely packed neighborhood. Boston was the center of the molasses universe in those days as the area was home to many rum distilleries. Because of its abundance, molasses also was a key ingredient in local cuisine.
Molasses was the main sweetener for early settlers too. American style baked beans were introduced to the Pilgrims by local Indian tribes. While the Indian tribes used maple syrup and, the Pilgrims used molasses that was readily available and familiar because it was imported to Europe from the West Indies. The early settlers used molasses to sweeten everything from bread to beans to desserts such as Indian Pudding. While many Americans are not familiar with Boston Brown Bread and Indian Pudding, almost everyone is familiar with baked beans. While even today in northern New England they still use maple syrup, using molasses to sweeten the beans turns plain baked beans into Boston Baked Beans. It's no surprise that the combination of beans and molasses became so popular that it earned Boston the name "Beantown".
Traditional Yankee cuisine is still available here, although it's a little harder to find than it used to be. Baked beans and brown bread were the traditional Sunday meal for much of New England for hundreds of years because it can be made ahead of time and kept warm; so locals could observe their religious rules of not cooking on the Sabbath. Now, there are restaurants that still serve traditional baked beans, but they are more of a novelty than a sought-after dish, except maybe by tourists. The real exception to this is Durgin Park – a touristy, yet all the same historical restaurant that still serves traditional Yankee fare. Here you can still get Yankee pot roast, baked beans, brown bread, Indian Pudding and cracker crumb cod. I worked right next to Durgin Park for several years, and it is where I was first introduced to Yankee cooking.
Whenever I want to tackle a traditional dish I'm torn between modernizing it or embracing the traditional recipe. Never has this been more so than with baked beans. Living in New England I feel obliged to make such a traditional dish the way it was intended: the way I first encountered it at Durgin Park fifteen years ago. But, that's just foolish, because I want to make them vegetarian; that's not the way they were intended. So, with this recipe I've thrown out the rule book and instead embraced the spirit of the original recipe. This is still a hearty winter dish full of rich sweet flavors, but I've replaced the fatty pork belly with a hearty dose of veggies. Not really an even trade is it? All the same, this is still a full meal, especially when paired with a slice of the heavy and hearty classic brown bread.
The brown bread is another traditional recipe. For this one I have adapted several very old recipes which I found in a few ancient cookbooks I have around. They all have variations of the same recipe. Most of them call for equal parts of rye and graham flour and corn meal. All of them call for sour milk and baking soda. I noticed that most new recipes for brown bread use whole wheat flour, white flour and corn meal, not rye flour, but why add white flour to a recipe that traditionally calls for something much healthier? The quick bread is sweetened with molasses and steamed – always. I use a Bundt pan (or you can use a tube pan) placed in a dutch oven for steaming instead of the traditional can, but the finished product is still hearty, sweet and the perfect accompaniment for the beans. It's even better toasted with butter and jam the following morning. Enjoy!
These beans re-heat beautifully in the microwave. Just add a half cup of water, cover and cook for 10 minutes on 50% power, stirring once half-way through the cooking time.
2 cups great northern or navy beans soaked overnight
2 tablespoons olive oil
1 large onion, chopped fine
1 carrot, chopped fine
1 celery stalk, chopped fine
1 apple, peeled, cored and chopped fine
4 cups water, divided
1/2 cup molasses
1/4 cup brown sugar
1/4 cup tomato paste
1/8 teaspoon ground cloves
1 bay leaf
1 teaspoon dry mustard powder
1 tablespoon whole-grain mustard
1 tablespoon apple cider vinegar
1 1/2 teaspoon salt
Preheat oven to 325 degrees. Heat a medium sauce pan over medium heat. Add the oil and heat until it begins to simmer then add the onions, celery, carrots and apple. Cook until the onions are translucent, about five minutes. While the vegetables are cooking combine the molasses, brown sugar, tomato paste, cloves, bay leaf, mustard powder, whole-grain mustard and vinegar in a small bowl. Add the molasses mixture once the vegetables are soft. Add two cups of water and bring the mixture to a boil.
Place the soaked beans in a large oven-safe dish. Pour the vegetable and molasses mixture over the beans and seal tightly with a piece of foil. Put the baking dish on a baking sheet and place in the oven. Cook for 2 hours.
When 2 hours have passed, remove the pan from the oven and stir the beans. Add the salt dissolved in another cup of water. Recover the beans with foil and return to the oven. Check once an hour stirring the beans and adding more water as needed. The finished beans should be a rich brownish-red in color and very tender. The total cooking time will vary depending on the type of bean you use; about 4 hours for navy beans and 6 hours for the larger great northern bean.
Steamed Boston Brown Bread
Makes 1 large tube pan loaf, about 30 slices
This is essentially a graham flour bread that is leavened with baking soda instead of yeast. Most of us don't have a steamed pudding pan hanging around, and I don't even have a 1 pound coffee can. So, this recipe is adapted to use a large dutch oven and a standard metal loaf or Bundt pan. This means that it produces a much larger than normal loaf. If you're not that into brown bread, you can half this recipe and steam it in a 1 pound coffee can (oh, and the cans really don't hold one pound of coffee anymore, but people still refer to them as such). Do not use a glass loaf pan for this as it could shatter when steamed on the stove.
2 cup rye flour
2 cup graham flour
2 cup corn meal
2 teaspoons salt
2 teaspoons baking powder
1 cup molasses
3 cups buttermilk
Grease a 12-cup tube pan or Bundt pan and set aside. Bring 1 inch of water to boil in a large dutch oven set over medium-high heat. While the water boils, combine the flours, salt and baking powder. In another bowl combine the molasses and buttermilk. Pour the buttermilk mixture into the flour mixture and mix until just combined. Scrape the batter into the loaf or Bundt pan and lower the pan down into the boiling water. Cover the pot and reduce the heat to low. Cook the bread until it is firm to the touch, about two hours.
When the bread has finished steaming use a pair of tongs inserted into the center of the tube to raise the pan out of the pot of water. You can use a paper towel to soak up any water or moisture that has collected around the edges of the bread. Heat an oven to 325 degrees. Bake the bread for about 20 minutes to dry out the edges of the bread and prevent the bread from becoming sticky. When the bread is done, remove and cool for ten minute before turning the bread out onto a wire rack. Serve immediately warm or toasted the following day. Can be kept covered for three days or frozen for two months.


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WATERMAN, TEXAS. Waterman is near the Attoyac River fourteen miles southeast of Center in southern Shelby County. It was founded about 1905 as a sawmill town and named for the owner of the Waterman Lumber Company. In 1906 the community received a post office; William M. Waterman was postmaster. A spur of the Santa Fe Railroad was constructed to the town, and by 1914 Waterman had a population of 476. Gradually, however, the timber owned by the company began to play out, and Waterman Mill closed abruptly in 1912 or 1913. Mill owners left for Wascom, where a new mill was built. Waterman Mill and all its land was sold to Frost Lumbering Industries in 1920. Most mill people were gone by the end of World War I. The post office was closed in 1926, and by 1938 Waterman was a small church and school community that served a scholastic population of fifty-seven. The school district was consolidated with the Center school district by 1955, and in 1990 Waterman had a population of fifty-three. The population remained the same in 2000.
Patricia R. McCoy, Shelby County Sampler (Lufkin, Texas, 1982).
The following, adapted from the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition, is the preferred citation for this article.Cecil Harper, Jr., "WATERMAN, TX," Handbook of Texas Online (_URL_ accessed May 18, 2013. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.


Affected Component: ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
Date Published
DEC 19, 2019
TSB Document
This Preliminary Information communication provides information to the technician for the adaptive cruise control or lane keep assist unavailable message in the driver?s information center after the vehicle has been parked in direct sunlight and high ambient temperatures. The cameras electronic control unit?s internal operating temperature range is -40 degrees Celsius to 85 degrees Celsius. If the temperature of the electronic control unit of the camera module exceeds 85 degrees Celsius the image processor will no longer function resulting in adaptive cruise control and lane keep assist to be unavailable until the temperature falls to below the maximum operating temperature range


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Shiny takes inputs from UI elements and sends them to the server, where the application can access them as R variables. While Shiny has security measures in place, as in any typical web application, it remains the developer's responsibility to sanitize the inputs before using them. For example, Shiny has no way to protect you if you are using an input in a SQL query such as
select... from... where field = 'input'. Someone manipulating the websocket communication can craft a specially-formatted input that can force the database to execute a query that it is not supposed to do, termed an SQL injection. This might give an attacker access to private data or the ability to do other nefarious things, and it is a common security issue.
To see this in action, take a look at this Shiny app demo. The input is read from a dropdown menu and it is used on the server side to construct a SQL query
' or 1=1 --instead of
CA, and then the SQL query constructed by the code above becomes
select * from states where abbr = '' or 1=1 --'. The app will then run this query and return all the values from that table, which is very different from the original intent of the app. With these kinds of simple tricks someone could read data from other tables as well, and in certain cases even alter or delete data.
It's important to note that this is not a deficiency of Shiny per se; it is instead a problem in any web framework – and it is the developer's responsibility to check the inputs and act accordingly. If you are developing Shiny apps in a corporate environment while accessing data from a SQL database, you should definitely pay attention to these possibilities. Luckily there are several ways to deal with this problem, a few of which I describe below.
One way is to check the inputs and if they don't conform with certain patterns, do not run the query and give an error to the user. You could also use Shiny's validate function to have a more user friendly message if you prefer. It is usually safer to specify which patterns are allowed (i.e. whitelist) such as "only alphanumeric characters, dot, space and hyphen" rather then specifying those characters not allowed (i.e. blacklist) such as "single quote, backslash etc". I wrote a very basic R package that provides functions for validating numeric, character, logical and Date values for the various Shiny UI elements. You can find it on github and use it by wrapping your inputs like this, and note that you can use regular expressions for specifying the pattern.
Another approach to secure web applications is to sanitize the inputs, or in other words replace non-alphanumeric characters (like single quotes) with "escaped" ones before continuing with the query. For example, if you are using MySQL via the RMySQL package you can use the mysqlEscapeStrings function to achieve this. Unfortunately there are numerous edge cases that must be considered during implementation and this sanitizing approach is usually considered error prone. On the other hand, if you are using the excellent dplyr package you are provided basic safeguards by escaping automatically. This is primarily meant to prevent accidental misuse rather than an explicit attack, however. As Hadley says in the dplyr docs, "This is unlikely to prevent any serious attack, but should make it unlikely that you produce invalid SQL."
Perhaps the most secure approach would be to use prepared statements, also called parameterized queries. Unfortunately the RMySQL package does not currently support this feature and the support in the other R database connectors is also somewhat in its infancy.
Regardless of how you address this issue, you should also have additional layers of security such as granting minimal privileges to the database user used by the application. For a Shiny app, this means you might provide read-only access to a few tables. In addition, you should also restrict the Shiny app to a limited set of users whenever possible – either by using Shiny Server Pro, ShinyApps.io or by proxying via a web server and using its authentication features. You should also encrypt the traffic (https) if it is not on a private network. Furthermore, other than running Shiny as an unprivileged user (which is the default), you could also run the app in an isolated environment and/or use the RAppArmor package for extra security.
Finally, while in this blog post I have focused upon SQL injection, validating the inputs is crucial in several other situations. With R being a 'hyper-dynamic' language, there are countless functions in base R and common packages that do eval-like things, such as when data becomes code and it is executed. While a blacklisting approach seems hopeless to me in this case, the sandboxR project has attempted to map R's 'unsafe' functions – and the long blacklist therein should horrify you with how many ways things can go wrong. Therefore, you must think carefully and thoroughly check your inputs if you are developing a Shiny app (or any web application, for that matter). Be safe!


Unsteady state heat transfer
 1. I'm hoping to start a simple heat transfer model. It's basically a cylinder filled with air at a temperature T=300K. The bottom wall of the cylinder, made of steel, is heated (and kept at the constant temperature of T=400K). The side walls and top for the moment are treated as adiabatic (since I assume it will make it easier to solve).
 What equations can I use to describe the temperature distribution in the air with time and distance?
 I'm really looking for a resource that explains a similar scenario or a fairly simple book on explaining how to solve heat transfer problems like these?
 Kalus :)
 2. jcsd
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Authy is a popular application that you can use to secure your BnkToTheFuture account. You can follow these steps to enable two-factor authentication (2FA) on your account:
- Go to Security, then click the 2FA toggle switch to turn it on.
- Add your BF account to your authenticator app by scanning the QR code or by manually entering the key under the QR code into your authenticator app.
- Enter the 6-digit pin generated by your app, then click UPDATE.
- You will see a pop-up window that contains your backup codes. If you lose access to your authentication device, you can use one of these backup codes to log in to your account. Each code may be used only once. Make a copy of these codes, and store it somewhere safe.
Here is a quick video explaining the benefits of using Authy to secure your BnkToTheFuture account.


Computer/Laptop Requirements
You will be required to purchase a laptop computer and related software for use throughout the program.
The use of laptop computers is an integral part of this program. It will enhance your learning and competitiveness in the job market. This universal-access approach to learning is a shared one between students and the College. Laptop and software specifications will be provided to you by the College after you are accepted into the program to ensure the laptop complies with the program requirements.
Do not purchase a laptop until you have been accepted and registered in the program. Laptop Requirements
The College will also provide a detailed list of required software, network access, and help desk support if you require assistance. You will have on-campus access to e-mail, College networks, and the Internet.
Off-campus access to the Internet is the responsibility of the student.
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