Proposal for ROS 2 Hardware Acceleration Working Group (HAWG)
Hello everyone, on behalf of Xilinx, I'm happy to bring up to the community the proposal of a new working group, the Hardware Acceleration WG. Find below a short description of the objectives and intentions.
Why should I care about hardware acceleration?
There's a critical relationship between the hardware and the software capabilities in a robot. Robotic systems usually have limited on-board resources, including memory, I/O, disk or compute capabilities, which difficults the system integration process (e.g. when extending, adapting or fixing them), making it hard to meet the real-time requirements and limiting robots reaction, speed or capabilities. It is thereby essential to choose a proper compute platform for the robotic system. One that simplifies system integration, meets power restrictions and adapts to the changing demands of robotic applications.
CPUs are widely used commercial compute platforms in robotics due to their availability and generalized use. The general purpose nature of CPUs makes them specially interesting for roboticists to kickstart projects, however this comes at a cost when translating into real applications:
 - their fixed architectures difficult adaptability to new robotic scenarios. Additional demands often require additional hardware which usually imply additional system integration.
 - their general-purpose nature leads them to time inefficiencies, which impacts determinism (hard to meet hard real-time deadlines)
 - their power consumption is generally one or two orders of magnitude above specialized deeply pipelined compute architectures realized with FPGAs and ASICs.
Acceleration with dedicated compute architectures (in either FPGAs, GPUs and ASICs) is presented as an alternative to CPUs. One that allows to adaptively generate custom computing architectures to meet the robotic demands delivering a mixed-criticality solution that can comply with real-time requirements, increasing reliability and lowering power consumption. Particularly, we at Xilinx know that FPGAs are heavily used by popular industrial manufacturers as well as in automotive, medical and space robotic applications.
If this proposal were to receive enough attention, we plan on moving forward into a formal WG. We're seeking here to drive the discussion on acceleration and engage with hardware, software and embedded engineers, as well as other silicon vendors and groups to jointly get more involved, coordinate and contribute in the open with accelerators that impact ROS 2 and Gazebo flows.
Here's the proposal:
Drive creation, maintenance and testing of acceleration kernels on top of open standards (C++ and OpenCL) for optimized ROS 2 and Gazebo interactions over different compute substrates (including FPGAs, GPUs and ASICs).
The Hardware Acceleration WG will focus on reducing the time (real fast, as opposed to real-time) to compute Gazebo and ROS 2-based robotic flows by producing specialized compute architectures that rely on FPGAs, GPUs or ASICs. Alignment with various other WGs is expected on specific acceleration topics (e.g. with Real-time WG to come up with dual real-time (deterministic) and real-fast (low latency) accelerators, with Embedded WG to leverage MCU-based ROS 2 implementations in soft cores, with Navigation to ensure AMCL accelerators meet their needs, etc.).
Initially, accelerators will target ROS 2 underlayers to optimize interactions betwen nodes within the ROS computational graph. After this, we'll pivot into compute architectures at the application level with initial consideration for a) perception, b) actuation, c) navigation and d) manipulation (in no specific order for now). The acceleration kernels will initially target hardware embedded devices but future efforts will attempt to extend the kernels to workstations, data centers or cloud as applicable.
The work of this WG will leverage open standards for parallel computing and acceleration, namely OpenCL and libraries built on top. While maintaining a ROS-centric experience, we expect ROS users to be able to adapt and reuse the resulting kernels for their applications. For that, out of our work we expect to produce tools and conventions that facilitate including hardware acceleration seamlessly into the existing ROS build system (ament) and meta build tools (colcon). To facilitate initiation and engagement, reference acceleration architectures, designs and examples will be produced. Ultimately, testing and benchmarks will be proposed to evaluate accelerators across the power-consumption and time domains.
WG goals and initial roadmap (date estimations):
The WG seeks to do the following for ROS 2:
 1. Design tools and conventions to seamlessly integrate acceleration kernels and related embedded binaries into the ROS 2 computational graphs leveraging its existing build system (ament) and meta build tools (colcon). In a nutshell, we want to build awesome tools and conventions for running ROS components while leveraging hardware acceleration in a simplified manner. (2021Q3/Q4)
 2. Provide reference examples and blueprints for acceleration architectures used in ROS 2 and Gazebo. First targeting ROS 2 underlayers. Second, stacks on top of ROS 2 and Gazebo. (2022+)
 3. Facilitate testing environments that allow to benchmark accelerators with special focus on power consumption and time. (2022Q1)
 4. Survey the community interests on acceleration for ROS 2 and Gazebo. (2022)
 5. Produce demonstrators with robot components, real robots and fleets that include acceleration to meet their targets. Disseminate results and show how ROS 2 fulfills industry needs. (2022Q2/Q3)
Selected acceleration-related past threads:
Pinging a subset of the folks which I'm aware showed past interest in acceleration and hardware architectures: _USER_, _USER_-nv, _USER_, _USER_, _USER_, _USER_, _USER_, _USER_.berkowitz, _USER_, _USER_
Pinging some more _USER_, _USER_, _USER_, _USER_, _USER_, _USER_, _USER_, _USER_, _USER_, _USER_
Sounds interesting! I'd be curious to learn more about which exact abstractions within ROS would be targeted. There's a lot that can be done with FPGAs and it's a great way to try out new dedicated hardware!
This is great initiative!:ok_hand:
Glad to hear you also find it interesting _USER_! FPGAs are indeed great for prototyping and accelerating specialized compute architectures in robotics. I highly encourage to read through [2009.06034] A Survey of FPGA-Based Robotic Computing which surveys nicely recent work on that direction.
To your question, initial plan as indicated in point 2. above is to focus on ROS 2 underlayers. Particularly and for starters, we'd like to empower ROS 2 users with capabilities to leverage time-sensitive communications at the Data Link layer (OSI L2) and obtain distributed sub-microsecond synchronization capabilities from the ROS 2 computational graph. This is strategic and core for distributed computational graphs as discussed in here. Without optimized computational graphs, it'll be hard to leverage other accelerators since that'll be the bottleneck.
 ROS 2 stack Software stack OSI stack
| user land | | | | |
| ROS client library |--->| | | |
+--------------------+ + ROS 2 + + 7. Application +
| middleware iface | | | | |
| DDS adapter | | | | |
| DDS impl |--->| DDS | | 6. Presentation |
+--------------------+ | | | 5. Session |
 | | | 4. Transport |
 | UDP / IP | +--------------------+
 | | | 3. Network |
 | | | 2. Data Link |
 | | | 1. Physical |
From there, HAWG should go up based on the input we get. We don't have a specified order and that's what this post is for, to get your input. We've heard in the past that it'd be awesome to run DDS in the Programmable Logic (PL, the FPGA itself) optimizing intra-network flows while leveraging specialized communication buses for nanosecond-level intra and inter-process communications. We also have some additional ideas ourselves but as pointed out, we'd love to hear your thoughts and needs.
One important aspect is that we don't want HAWG to be just about FPGAs. It'd be a waste since many accelerators can nowadays be developed with OpenCL and modern C++ (leveraging HLS). We are hoping to create some "open" accelerators and inspire others to contribute impacting not just ROS 2, but also Gazebo. Wouldn't it be awesome to supercharge our simulations with GPUs?
I did a quick pass-over of the paper. Very interesting overview and confirming a lot of what I've seen! I really like FPGAs for edge applications but it gets a bit trickier in core compute.
Partial Reconfiguration (PR) takes this flexibility one step further, allowing the modification of an operating FPGA design by loading a partial configuration file. Using PR, part of the FPGA can be reconfigured at runtime without compromising the integrity of the applications running on those parts of the device that are not being reconfigured.
I didn't even realize this was a feature. This is amazing :exploding_head:
FPGA programming is still much more challenging than regular software programming, and the supply of FPGA engineers is still limited.
This was


Toxic materials in AFFF could lead to significant health issues
What is AFFF or aqueous film forming foam? It is a synthetic fire suppressant foam created in the 1970s that contains toxic materials. If you work or worked as a member of the Armed Forces or as a fire fighter here in Ohio or elsewhere, you may have been exposed to AFFF and could experience significant health problems as a result.
AFFF is primarily used on petroleum-based fires because of its effectiveness. While this may be good for putting out a dangerous fire, it presents its own dangers to those exposed to it. Even if you live in an area where it was used and drank the water, you could suffer from exposure to the toxic chemicals that make up the foam.
The fluorinated surfactants in AFFF can harm the environment, but the primary threat is to humans. Exposure can cause altered thyroid levels, cancers and immune system dysfunction, along with chemical burns. Moreover, it can also lead to infertility in some people and low birth weights in infants. After more than 50 years of use, restrictions were finally placed on this fire suppressant foam, but the damage was already done to many people with firefighters and military personnel apparently being most at risk.
Anyone in Ohio who believes that a medical problem such as those listed above resulted from exposure to AFFF or other toxic materials could have legal options. The pursuit of restitution will undoubtedly include a thorough investigation into the circumstances surrounding the exposure, which could include testing of the ground and drinking water as a start. It would probably be worthwhile to take advantage of the legal resources in your area in order to gather and present the best evidence possible.
$120 Million Settlement
To 15,000 Asbestos Victims
$20 Million Verdict
$17 Million Verdict
$8.2 Million Verdict


Want to lose weight? Try Buckwheat!
Buckwheat is strange stuff! It looks just like ordinary flour and like flour; you can use it to make bread, flapjacks, cakes or pancakes. Across Asia, they use it for noodles. You can pick it up in most supermarkets. It might not look very exciting but the truth is that buckwheat is very versatile and can be a powerful ally in the war on fat.
So what is Buckwheat?
Buckwheat is not a cereal grain like flour although it looks like it. Instead, it is a fruit seed related to rhubarb that has been grown across the world for thousands of years. It is used in a similar way to ordinary wheat flour. If you are gluten intolerant it is a gluten free alternative and is regarded as one of the world's healthiest foods.
In France, it is known as Ble Noir (black wheat) and used in crepes and galettes – delicious sweet or savoury pancakes. In Eastern Europe, it is a key cereal and used for a variety of purposes. Across Asia, buckwheat is used to make noodles. In Poland, they sometimes eat buckwheat pancakes for breakfast.
Buckwheat was bought to the USA by waves of immigrants travelling from Europe.
Why is it so good for weight loss?
Buckwheat is high in fibre and low in calories. This means that it has many health benefits and will help you feel full after eating very little, unlike refined white flour, which has little nutritional value. Buckwheat is also high in antioxidant flavanoids so may help increase the speed of the metabolism and help you burn off fat fast. Evidence has shown that buckwheat flour significantly lowers blood glucose and insulin responses. It may help reduce cholesterol levels too.
How to use Buckwheat?
One of the most satisfying ways to use buckwheat is by cooking a simple pancake or galette. You can use it as a base for a savoury meal such as egg and cheese. Even as a base for seafood such as prawns. You can also add fruit, or honey or lemon for a sweet dessert pancake. There are thousands of possibilities. Go wild!
The Buckwheat Diet
There is a crash diet out at the moment that requires you to eat nothing but buckwheat for 10 – 14 days. Fans of the diet claim that it can make you lose between 8lbs and 20lbs. However these types of mono diets that require you to eat only one thing are bad for health and unlikely to cause lasting weight loss. You don't need to take the buckwheat diet in order to lose weight. Successful weight loss is all about making lifestyle and dietary changes you can live with.
Switching to buckwheat and including more delicious buckwheat pancakes into your daily diet, is a weight loss change that most people will have no trouble with.
One of the best points about buckwheat is that it actually tastes better than the white flour alternative.
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Physiology of freezing of gait.
Snijders AH., Takakusaki K., Debu B., Lozano AM., Krishna V., Fasano A., Aziz TZ., Papa SM., Factor SA., Hallett M.
Freezing of gait (FOG) is a common and debilitating, but largely mysterious, symptom of Parkinson disease. In this review, we will discuss the cerebral substrate of FOG focusing on brain physiology and animal models. Walking is a combination of automatic movement processes, afferent information processing, and intentional adjustments. Thus, normal gait requires a delicate balance between various interacting neuronal systems. To further understand gait control and specifically FOG, we will discuss the basic physiology of gait, animal models of gait disturbance including FOG, alternative etiologies of FOG, and functional magnetic resonance studies investigating FOG. The outcomes of these studies point to a dynamic network of cortical areas such as the supplementary motor area, as well as subcortical areas such as the striatum and the mesencephalic locomotor region including the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN). Additionally, we will review PPN (area) stimulation as a possible treatment for FOG, and ponder whether PPN stimulation truly is the right step forward. Ann Neurol 2016;80:644-659.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


A usable selection range standard based on test suite reduction algorithms
Document type: Journal Articles
Article type: Original article
Peer reviewed: Yes
Author(s): Yanjun Ma, Zhigang Zhao, Yuchen Liang, Maojin Yun
Title: A usable selection range standard based on test suite reduction algorithms
Journal: Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences
Year: 2010
Volume: 15
Issue: 3
Pagination: 261-266
ISSN: _PHONE_
URI/DOI: 10.1007/s11859-_PHONE_-4
Organization: Blekinge Institute of Technology
Department: School of Computing (Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation)
School of Computing S-371 79 Karlskrona
+46 455 38 50 00
Language: English
Abstract: In this paper, we analyze the features and distinctions of 6 classical algorithms: greedy algorithm (G), greedy evolution algorithm (GE), heuristics algorithm (H), greedy heuristic G (GRE), integer linear programming algorithm (ILP) and genetic algorithm (GA) to ensure the main influencing factors-the performance of algorithms and the running time of algorithms. What's more, we would not only present a research design that aims at gaining deeper understanding about the algorithm classification and its function as well as their distinction, but also make an empirical study in order to obtain a practical range standard that can guide the selection of reduction algorithms. When the size of a test object (product of test requirements and test cases) is smaller than 2000×2000, G algorithm is the commonly recommended algorithm. With the growth of test size, the usage of GE and GRE becomes more general.
Subject: Software Engineering\General
Keywords: Influencing factor, Selection standard, Test suite reduction algorithms


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Do these names sound familiar? Look at the end of each description to see if a place you know has their name.
was town surveyor and a judge. He served in both the Connecticut and Stamford legislatures. Mr. Davenport is known for what he did during Connecticut's "Dark Day" in May 1780. The sky was so dark that most people stopped working, afraid something bad was going to happen. Mr. Davenport said that he wanted to be found doing his duty if something bad did occur. People admired Abraham Davenport for this courageous act.
(Davenport Ridge Elementary School).
John Day Ferguson (_PHONE_)
was a lawyer and a strong supporter of education in Stamford. He was elected to represent Stamford in the Connecticut State Legislature, and from 1871 to 1874 he served the district as a judge. He left $10,000 in his will to help pay for a library for Stamford, and for that reason, The Ferguson Library carries his name. (The Ferguson Library)
James H. Hoyt (_PHONE_)
began his career as a cabinet maker's apprentice. Later he owned a big lumber yard. He may have been the first to import coal to Stamford. During construction of the railroad he built bridges and supplied fuel and rail ties. He played a role in the organization of the Stamford Savings Bank, and was the bank's president for several years. He represented Stamford in the Connecticut State Legislature.
George A. Scofield & Walter Keeler Scofield (brothers)
The Scofield brothers were soldiers for the Union (the North) during the Civil War. George A. Scofield enlisted in 1861. Walter Keeler Scofield was a physician and served as a naval medical officer.
(Scofieldtown Road and Scofield Magnet Middle School)
served nine terms in the U.S. House of Representatives (Congress). He was chairman of the board of two important companies, Yale & Towne and First Stamford Bank & Trust Company. He also served as president of the Ferguson Library Association.
William H. Holly (_PHONE_)
was an editor and publisher of the Stamford Advocate newspaper. He also ran a lending library (before The Ferguson Library was built). He worked as an auctioneer, town clerk, community speaker, member of the state commission on the New York/Connecticut border, and judge.
John W. Holly (_PHONE_)
was known as one of the founders of Cove Mills. Mr. Holly and William Fitch built a dam between Stamford and Noroton and erected a grist mill powered by the trapped tides of the water. There is a mural of Cove Mills at K.T. Murphy School.
(The Sanford-Holly House, now home of SoundWaters)
The Rich Family
moved to Stamford around 1908 and began to work as general contractors, supervising construction projects. Around 1920, after serving in WWI, Frank D. Rich, Sr. started the F.D. Rich Company. The company's first major building was the Sacred Heart Church on Schuyler Avenue. Later, F.D. Rich Company built many important structures in Stamford including Landmark Square Tower, the Stamford Marriott, Stamford Town Center, and St. John's Towers.
(The Rich Forum is named for the Rich family)
General David Waterbury
supervised construction for the Navy near Fort Ticonderoga in New York and was second in command to General Benedict Arnold at the battle of Valcour Bay during the Revolutionary War. Mr. Waterbury was also involved in building Fort Stamford.
(The city of Waterbury, CT)
was a professional baseball player who broke baseball's color barrier in 1947 when he became the first African-American player in the Major leagues. He was inducted into baseball's Hall of Fame. For years, Jackie Robinson and his family lived in Stamford on Cascade Road.
(Jackie Robinson Park)
William F. Buckley, Jr.
was a famous political commentator and author. He is best known as a leader of the Conservative movement in America and as the publisher of National Review, a magazine he started in 1955. He was also the host of a TV political show called Firing Line from 1966 to 1999. Mr. Buckley lived in New York and Stamford, and he died in Stamford in 2008.
played professional football for the Los Angeles Rams and the New York Giants in the 1950s and 1960s. He was inducted into the Football Hall of Fame. Mr. Robustelli was born in Stamford and went to Stamford High School.
(Robustelli Travel Agency was in downtown Stamford for many years)
played Major League baseball for the Los Angeles Dodgers. He was the manager of the Texas Rangers and the New York Mets. He attended Stamford's Rippowam High School. In 1980 he opened Bobby Valentine's Sports Gallery Café in Stamford.
(Bobby Valentine's Sports Gallery Café and Bobby Valentine's Sports Academy)
Gene Wilder and Gilda Radner
Gilda Radner was an actress and comedian best known for her characters on the TV show Saturday Night Live. She lived in Stamford with her husband Gene Wilder until her death in 1989. Gene Wilder, who starred in many films including the original Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory continued to live in Stamford after his wife's death.
Some Other Famous People Who Lived or Live in Stamford:
Gutzon Borglum: designer of the huge national monuments at Mount Rushmore and Stone Mountain.
Harry Houdini: famous escape artist. He lived in Stamford in 1905 before going on tour in Europe.
Eugene O'Neill: the well-known playwright.
Joseph Lieberman: United States senator and vice-presidential candidate.
Benny Goodman: famous jazz musician and bandleader.
Harry Connick, Jr.: a famous singer.
Rihanna: R&B and pop singer.
50 Cent: a rap star (his real name is Curtis James Jackson III).

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


The Tiger Who Came To Tea Card Game
The Tiger Who Came To Tea Card Game
Quantity Required:
The Tiger Who Came To Tea Memory Card Game
The classic game of pairs with a twist.
To start shuffle the cards and place face down on a large surface. The youngest player goes first and turns over two cards and shows the other players what's on them. If it's a matching pair they keep them, if not the cards are turned back over in their original place. Play continues to the next person on the player's left. The key to success is remembering where the different cards are so you can select a matching pair when it's your turn. Here's the twist - if a player picks up a card with Dad walking in the door shouting 'I'm Home', the player shouts 'I'm Home' and all the cards have to be shuffled around so no-one knows where each of the cards are.
The Tiger Who Came to Tea Memory Card Game features 54 jumbo cards beautifully illustrated with scenes from Judith Kerr's classic children's storybook.
Not Suitable for children under 3 years.


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Note: If your device is having connectivity issues or you'd like to reconfigure it for a new vehicle, resetting it may help.
- Step 1/3
Locate the Device reset hole on the left side of your OBD-II device.
- Step 2/3
Press the card insertion/removal tool into the Device reset hole.
Note: Your device will need to be connected to a power source or have sufficient charge in it's internal battery to complete this function.
- Step 3/3Step 3 of 3:
You've completed the steps!
Was this tutorial helpful?


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Protecting Children in the Aftermath of Immigration Raids
Study Finds Significant Behavioral Changes in Children After Raids
Children of unauthorized immigrant parents are often forgotten in debates over immigration reform. There are roughly 5.5 million children living in the United States with unauthorized immigrant parents—three-quarters of whom are U.S. born citizens. These families live in constant fear of separation. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) estimates that over the last 10 years, more than 100,000 immigrant parents of U.S. citizen children have been deported from the United States.
A new report by the Urban Institute, Facing Our Future: Children in the Aftermath of Immigration Enforcement, examines the consequences of parental arrest, detention, and deportation on 190 children in 85 families in six locations across the country. The report found that raids and other ICE actions that separate parents and children pose serous risks to children's immediate safety, economic security, well-being, and long-term development. In most cases, two-parent homes became single-parent families after one parent was detained. At least 20 families in the study were forced to decide whether children—many of whom are native born U.S. citizens—would leave the country with their deported parent or remain with the other parent or other relatives. The Urban Institute interviewed families affected by ICE actions at the following six sites:
- Grand Island, Nebraska: In December, 2006, ICE agents raided a meatpacking plant in Grand Island and arrested 273 workers. 72 of the arrestees opted to take voluntary departure shortly after their arrest. Only 9 arrestees are known to have been released promptly after the raid to care for their children. Most of the arrestees were placed in detention in Georgia and Alabama. After 26 months, 10% of the arrestees had been criminally charged and were serving one year sentences. The remaining workers were released on bond or deported.
- New Bedford, Massachusetts: On March 6, 2007, 361 workers were arrested at Michael Bianco, Inc., a U.S. military contractor. Separation times for families varied widely, with 60 being released in the first three days, but two months after the raid, 191 workers were still in detention, while 149 had been released to await the result of their immigration cases. One year after the raid, 160 had been deported, and 190 cases were still being contested.
- Van Nuys, California: On February 7, 2008, ICE raided Micro Solutions Enterprises and arrested 138 immigrants. 48 immigrants were released the same day under the new humanitarian release policy, some with monitoring devices on their ankles. Within a few days, 99 of the immigrants were released. Finally, about half of the arrestees (60-70) had their deportation withheld while attorneys challenged the legality of the raid itself and were still contesting it as of December 2009.
- Postville, Iowa: On May 12, 2008, 389 workers from Agriprocessors were arrested. They were then moved to Waterloo, Iowa, where ICE and the U.S. District Attorney's office set up trials over 10 days. On the day of the raid, 47 adults were released because they were parents, all with electronic monitoring devices (EMTs) on their ankles. 270 immigrants pled guilty to the misdemeanor charge of misusing Social Security Numbers and served five month terms in facilities across the Midwest.
- Miami, Florida: Home raids by Fugitive Operations Teams (FOTs) started in 2005. The study examined immigrant parents who were arrested in FOT sweeps or during court appearances between 2006 and 2008.
- Rogers-Springdale, Arkansas: Local enforcement of immigration laws through the 287(g) program started in the fall of 2007. In the first seven months of the program, 419 immigrants were arrested. None of the parents contacted in the study had been granted early release for humanitarian reasons, including three single mothers who were detained for between 12 days and six months.
When a working parent's income was lost because they were detained and/or deported, many families experienced housing instability and food insufficiency because of lost income.
- Across all six sites in the study, the average incomes of affected families declined to less than half because those arrested were no longer able to work.
- Crowded and poor housing conditions were another effect of the arrests. In Postville, one in four families moved in with others to save money, while of the eight families who owned homes before the arrest, four lost them.
- Families in the study reported food hardships at levels many times greater than those found in nationally representative samples. Families ate less of a variety of foods, parents cut back on their food consumption so their children could eat, and these hardships often lasted for more than a year.
Most parents observed significant, adverse changes in their child's behavior.
- In the six months following a raid or arrest, approximately two-thirds of children experienced changes in eating and sleeping habits. More than half cried or were afraid more often, and more than a third were more anxious, withdrawn, clingy, angry, or aggressive. The majority of children in the study experienced at least four of these behavior changes.
- Children who saw one or both parent(s) arrested during a home raid experienced even greater behavioral changes—including changes in eating and sleeping habits—as well as higher degrees of fear and anxiety.
- Children who were separated from their detained parents were more likely to experience behavioral changes than children immediately reunited with their parents after ICE raids or other ICE actions, and experienced higher degrees of change.
- Children's grades in school declined in the short term, though students appeared to benefit from support provided by teachers and other school personnel.
Community-based organizations, churches, non-profit service providers, lawyers, public human services agencies, and child welfare agencies provided short-term aid to families affected by raids or other arrests.
- In most sites, many organizations—including communityand faith-based groups, schools, and legal services organizations—joined together to provide assistance to families affected by the arrests. However the response and capacity of these organizations varied from site to site. Sustaining relief efforts in the long-term has proven to be challenging in these communities.
- Public agencies in many sites stood ready to serve eligible family members, however many immigrant families were fearful to apply for benefits. In places where churches or advocacy groups served as intermediaries between families and government agencies, eligible families were better able to receive services and benefits.
The Urban Institute's policy recommendations include:
- Congress should modify current immigration law so the interests of children, especially U.S. citizen children, are protected during deportation proceedings.
- ICE should continue its informal moratorium on worksite raids.
- ICE should continue to develop alternatives to detention so that parents who do not present a danger to the community or a flight risk are not detained.
- DHS and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) should work together to develop strategies to support state and local governments and non-profit organizations to ensure the well-being of children when their parents are deported.
- Networks of deportation defense lawyers should be established, perhaps through the American Bar Association and the American Immigration Lawyers Association. Such networks will be hardest to develop, yet most essential in smaller cities and rural areas.
Published On: Mon, Feb 22, 2010 | Download File
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Read the latest in immigration news at ImmigrationImpact.com, with new articles published every weekday.


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Mathematical Models of Individual Buyer Behavior, Behavioral Science
Several grand models of buyer choice behavior exist, differing in their relative emphasis on economic, social, and psychological factors. Some of the partial or incompatible theorizing can be cleared up through efforts to develop and compare mathematical formulations of the different assertions about buyer behavior. This paper deals with the problem of explaining how the purchasers of consumer staples make brand choices through time. The author contrasts seven models of increasing complexity, the last one involving all the previous considerations of brand loyalty, stochastic factors, the influence of the last brand purchased, learning, competitive brand features, competitive brand promotion, and word-of-mouth influence. He concludes that model complexity is necessary both to provide a norm for exposing the omissions of simpler models and as a requirement for the eventual development of useful and realistic market simulators.
Kotler, Philip. 1968. Mathematical Models of Individual Buyer Behavior. Behavioral Science. 13(4): 274-287.


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Ticket source storage and reporting – e-mail, portal, phone
- Store the source of ticket in dynamic field
- Ticket source based dashboard widget. Various filters are available:
- In queues
- By services
- By type of tickets
- By period
To view the module, go to the "Dashboard" menu (Figure 3.1), then in the "Parameters" section turn on the "Ticket Timing by Source" widget and click the "Save settings" button (Figure 3.2).
Figure 3.1. Menu "Dashboard"
Figure 3.2. Widget turn on
A widget is a diagram (Figure 3.3) with statistics on the distribution of tickets by registration source:
- Vertical diagram scale: number of tickets
- Horizontal diagram scale: periods of time. The following time intervals are available:
- Hour (0-24)
- Day of the week (Monday - Sunday)
- Day of the month (1-31)
- Month (January - December)
The diagram column shows the number of tickets for the time interval by source:
Each source is marked with a different color, colors editing in the settings is available.
Figure 3.3. Widget "Distribution of tickets by source"
To the left of the diagram is a filter block:
- By queue (queue selection list)
- By type of tickets (list of types of tickets)
- By service (selection list of services)
- Bar chart (default value, example in Figure 3.3)
- Line chart (example in figure 3.4)
- Period of time - the period of time for which statistics are displayed on the chart:
- Six months
- Selection - selection of the date interval "from" - "to" (only one of these parameters can be selected, for example, "to 12.12.2018"). An example is shown in Figure 3.5.
Figure 3.4. Diagram display as a line chart
Figure 3.5. Choosing a period of time which displays statistics
Please use the following URL to install the package utilizing the Admin Interface (please note that you need to be in the "admin" group).
The steps for installing the package are described in the official OTRS instructions for the Administrator.
The package can be configured via the System Configuration in the Admin Interface. The following configuration options are available:
This setting determines the colors of the sources of tickets on the Dashboard widget.
The colors in the settings are listed sequentially in order: Phone, E-mail, Portal.
Figure 5.1. System configuration
Minimal requirements to hardware for OTRS:
- Processor 3 GHz Xeon or comparable
- RAM 8 GB RAM
- Disk space 256 GB
- OTRS Community Edition 6.0
- Fixed the incorrect display of applications within the day of the week, day of the month and by month.


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reTriEval and aNalysis of heterogeneouS online content for TerrOrist activity Recognition
Law Enforcement Agencies (LEAs) across Europe face today important challenges in how they identify, gather and interpret terrorist generated content online. The Dark Web presents additional challenges due to its inaccessibility and the fact that undetected material can contribute to the advancement of terrorist violence and radicalisation. LEAs also face the challenge of extracting and summarising meaningful and relevant content hidden in huge amounts of online data to inform their resource deployment and investigations.
In this context, the main objective of the TENSOR project is to provide a powerful terrorism intelligence platform offering LEAs fast and reliable planning and prevention functionalities for the early detection of terrorist organised activities, radicalisation and recruitment. The platform integrates a set of automated and semi-automated tools for efficient and effective searching, crawling, monitoring and gathering online terrorist-generated content from the Surface and the Dark Web; Internet penetration through intelligent dialogue-empowered bots; Information extraction from multimedia (e.g., video, images, audio) and multilingual content; Content categorisation, filtering and analysis; Real-time relevant content summarisation and visualisation; Creation of automated audit trails; Privacy-by-design and data protection.
The project brings together industry, LEAs, legal experts and research institutions. It is expected that this collaboration will have significant impact on 1) ensuring the final system meets end-user LEA requirements, 2) enabling LEAs to access and examine terrorist generated content online bringing significant advantages to their operational capability, and 3) promoting industry's enhanced understanding of operational LEA requirements and their market competitiveness in the field of online organised crime, terrorism and harmful-radicalisation.


Code Comments
When writing code, you will quickly get used to the fact that pretty much any character or word you enter will have a special meaning. For instance, you will see a lot of keywords in C#, like class, namespace, public and many more. You will also see that the compiler makes sure that you are using these keywords, as well as your own variables and methods, in the correct way. C# is a fairly strict language and the compiler will help you make sure that everything is entered the way it should be. However, you do have a single possibility to write whatever you like, thanks to the concept of code comments.
You may have already experienced comments in some of the code you have seen, be it C# or any other programming language - the concept of comments in code is pretty universal. The way they are written varies a lot though, so let's have a look at the type of comments you can use in your C# code.
Single-line comments
The most basic type of comment in C# is the single-line comment. As the name indicates, it turns a single line into a comment - let's see how it might look:
// My comments about the class name could go here...
class Program
So that's it: Prefix your lines with two forward slashes (//) and your text goes from something the compiler will check and complain about, to something the compiler completely ignores. And while this only applies to the prefixed line, you are free to do the same on the next line, essentially using single-line comments to make multiple comment lines:
// Add as many lines as you would like
//...Seriously!
class Program
Multi-line comments
In case you want to write multiple lines of comments, it might make more sense to use the multi-line comment variant that C# offers. Instead of having to prefix every line, you just enter a start and stop character sequence - everything in between is treated as comments:
My comments about the class name could go here...
Add as many lines of comments as you want
...and use indentation, if you want to!
class Program
Use the start sequence of forward-slash-asterisk (/*), write whatever you like, across multiple lines or not, and then end it all with the end sequence of asterisk-forward-slash (*/). In between these markers, you can write whatever you want.
As with pretty much any other programming related subject, whether to use multiple single-line comments or one multi-line comment is often debated. Personally, I use both, for various situations - in the end, it's all up to you!
Documentation comments
Documentation Comments (sometimes referred to as XML Documentation Comments) looks like regular comments, but with embedded XML. Just like with regular comments, they come in two forms: Single-line and multi-line. You also write them the same way, but with an extra character. So, single-line XML Documentation Comments uses three forward slashes (///) instead of two, and the multi-line variant gets an extra asterisk added in the start delimiter. Let's see how it looks:
class User
 ///
 /// The Name of the User.
 ///
 public string Name { get; set; }
 * The Age of the User.
 public string Age { get; set; }
Here you can see both variants - single-line and multi-line. The result is the same, but the first variant tends to be the most commonly used for documentation comments.
Documenting your types and their members with documentation comments is a pretty big subject, and therefore it will be covered more in depth in a later article, but now you know how they look!
Code comments & the Task list
If you're using Visual Studio, you can actually get some help tracking your code comments. In the Task List window (access it from the menu View > Task List) your comments will appear if they use the special, but very simple Task List comment syntax:
//TODO: Change "world" to "universe"
Console.WriteLine("Hello, world!");
//HACK: Don't try this at home....
int answerToLife = 42;
So if the single-line comment is immediately followed by TODO or HACK, it will appear in the Task List of Visual Studio, like this:
And there are more types - depending on the version of Visual Studio you're using, it will respond to some or all of the following comment tokens:
 - TODO
 - HACK
 - NOTE
You can even add your own tokens, if you want to - just follow the steps described in this article.
Code comments are extremely useful in documenting your code or for the purpose of leaving clues to your self or your potential colleagues on how stuff works. As an added benefit, they're great when you need to test something quickly - just copy a line and comment out the original line and you can see how it works now. If you're not happy with the result, you can just delete the new line and uncomment the original line and you're back to where you started.
And don't worry about the end-user snooping through your comments - they are, as already mentioned, completely ignored by the compiler and therefore not in anyway included in your final DLL or EXE file. Code comments are your personal free-space when programming, so use it in any way you want to.


Richard Pinhas
Ceaselessly innovative in a career spanning more than 30 years, Richard Pinhas is recognized as one of France's major experimental musicians. A composer, world-class guitarist and electronics innovator, he is a key figure in the international development of electronic rock music. During the 1970s, Pinhas' stature in France was analogous to Tangerine Dream's in Germany. His band Heldon fused electronics, "diabolical guitar work" and rock to create a pioneering, aggressive music that was a precursor to the industrial music and techno to come. New electronic and digital artists and DJs are emulating Pinhas' 70s work and incorporating it into their own. During the 90s, Pinhas began developing a system of electronic processing to use in performing live solo guitar concerts. Experimenting with tape loops and infinite delays, he expanded on, and transformed the "Frippertronics" technique Fripp used in his work with Eno. Pinhas' work over the past decade, featuring his "Metatronic" system of electronically treated solo guitar compositions, is as radically innovative as anything in his early career.


text:
We examine below how such segment reporting influences investors and corporate entities who prepare such segmental data. We also examine the various regulatory and accounting prescriptions that govern segment reporting by corporate entities before taking up concluding remarks. Investors are primarily concerned with the safety and return on amounts invested or to be invested in any entity. Safety and return concerns have a direct bearing on risk perceptions of the investors. Investors are essentially risk profiling a corporate entity and invest money only if calculated risk is permissible with their risk taking capabilities.
The information that goes in such risk profiling has been theoretically built into share price movements and asset pricing constructs. From the mid-1950s to the early 1980s, a random walk theory (RWT) of share prices was developed based on the past empirical evidence of randomness in share price movements. RWT basically stated that speculative price changes were independent and identically distributed, so that the past price data had no predictive power for future share price movements. RWT also stated that the distribution of price changes from transaction to transaction had finite variance.
The fundamental concept behind random walk theory is that competition in perfect markets would remove excess economic profits, except from those parties who exercised some degree of market monopoly. This meant that a trader with specialized information about future events could profit from the monopolistic access to information, but that fundamental and technical analysts who rely on past information should not expect to have speculative gains. Segment report essentially present investors an opportunity to project some such specialized information and gain from it. Efficient Markets Hypothesis (EMH) states that current prices always 'fully reflect' available information, so that the only reason prices change between two periods is the arrival of new information.
The EMH requires that only two necessary conditions be met. First, the market must be aware of all available information. The type of information available is determined by the strength of the EMH being tested. In a Weak Form EMH, current prices entirely reflect all that can be known from the study of historical prices and trading volumes. If the Weak Form is valid, technical
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text:
Solving a Crisis: Closing the Manufacturing Skills Gap
The Manufacturing Skills Crisis: There is a lot of benefit derived from raising awareness of the problem. Unfortunately, as the data indicates, that problem is only going to get worse and reversing decades of negative information and influence over manufacturing is not going to change quickly. Here are some grim facts that Frank Cavallaro of ebnonline.com points out from a recent study done by Deloitte and The Manufacturing Institute:
- Six out of 10 manufacturing positions remain unfulfilled because of the talent shortage.
- 82% of executives say the skills gap will impact their ability to meet customer demand.
- 78% of executives indicate it will be hamper their ability to implement new technologies and increase productivity.
- Two million workers will be needed to cover the projected shortfall as only 1.4 million out of 3.4 million positions are expected to be filled over the next decade.
There is a solution to curtail the problem immediately. At Scientific Management Techniques, we implement a 2 part, Hands-On manufacturing skills program that helps manufacturers and community colleges to address the manufacturing skills shortage. Fortune 500 manufacturers have been using this solution for decades including Unilever, Diageo, P&G, Mars/Wrigley, Reckitt Benckiser, Coca-Cola, Cummins, Merck, Alcoa, AstraZeneca and many more.
It utilizes one of a kind, Hand-On Assessment Machines to identify manufacturing skill sets both for hiring and for identifying skill gaps/training needs. The efficacy of the assessment program has been confirmed by over thirty validation studies conducted by Industrial/Organizational PhD's and by over forty years of success driving productivity in the field. Here are a few of the benefits of the assessment program:
The second part of the skills program includes a 100% demand-driven curriculum. The curriculum has been built by and for industrial operations professionals over the last 40 years. It involves over 200 Hands-On training aids and a curriculum that is constantly evolving to meet the needs of industrial clients.
Put these two unique solutions together and any manufacturing community or stakeholder can solve their skills shortage.


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The first scene was on the earth. Here is an important FAQ from IMDB, where it clearly states:
There is no definite answer. It could very well be Earth in the early stages of life, possibly sometime after the extinction of the dinosaurs (the meteor which was responsible actually resulted in a mass extinction of nearly all life on the planet; the Engineers could have chosen Earth as it was a planet capable of supporting life, and maybe saw the creation of humanity as a way to "heal" the damage). However, there is no indication that it is specifically Earth. It could very well be another planet, as it is suggested that the Engineers created other life besides humans.
Another site stated supporting it was earth:
Our Theory: What we are seeing in the beginning is the creation of Earth. The giant ship (which is different from the ring-shaped one we see later in the film, weirdly) has landed on Earth to drop off the Engineer so that he can terraform the planet and make it sustainable for life. We think he drinks the black goo to break down his own structure and spread life on Earth through his own DNA, but that doesn't really explain his surprise while he's disintegrating (and if the Engineers do have the same DNA as us, it's hard to say why the Engineers had to be broken down in order to create humanity)
The prometheus forum also states it is earth showed in the first scene.
The engineer basically killed himself by drinking that stuff, which broke down his body and allowed his DNA to be dispersed and then (as per the film) this kick started life on Earth.
As far as the same landscape is concerned you can see there is are touches of "slight greenery" in the first scene, whereas when Prometheus was entering the planet, no such greenery could be seen! Also water was present in the first scene, whereas no signs of water was there before entering the cave in Prometheus. The planet was full of rocks, sands and all. No signs of life was there. This makes the two landscapes different. However filming was done on the earth only. So there can be some symmetries ;)
slight greenery in starting scene
greenery as well as water in the first scene


Catholic wedding invitation wording
What is the correct wording for a wedding invitation?
Traditionally the name of the bride always precedes the groom's name. Formal invitations issued by the bride's parents refer to her by her first and middle names, the groom by his full name and title; if the couple is hosting by themselves, their titles are optional.
How do you write 5 thirty on a wedding invitation?
The time can be written in a variety of ways to fit your style and theme. For example, if your wedding is at 5:30 p.m. the traditional wording to use is "half after five o'clock" or " five – thirty in the evening." If this is too formal for your style, you may write the time simply as 5:30 p.m.
How do you write a formal wedding invitation?
Proper Assembly: Step 1: Lay your wedding invitation down with the wording facing up. Step 2: Place your reception card, wording side up, on top of the invitation. Step 3: Tuck your response card, wording side up, under its envelope flap and place on top of the reception card.
How do you write an invitation message?
Invitation Letter Writing Tips It must include the address, date, and time of the event on the left side of the letter. Make sure to mention the salutation at the beginning and your signature at the ending of the letter. Make sure to write a grammatically correct and concise letter.
What do I say on an invitation?
Basic Information for All Invitations There are some things that all invitations should include. You'll want to let your guests know the purpose of the event (if there is one), the time (start and end), the place, special instructions (for example, costume party), and style (formal or casual).
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Do you write out Doctor on wedding invitations?
A wedding invitation is issued by the host(s). The hosts' name(s) are spelled out and include middle names and titles. Doctor should be spelled out, unless the name would be too long to fit on one line. The phrase "the honour of your presence" is used when the ceremony will take place in a house of worship.
Do you use full names on wedding invitations?
It is proper to address a wedding invitation to a person's full name. For those using an inner envelope, then the outer envelope can omit them, while the inner envelope has the full names of everyone invited, but for those who only have one envelope, it should be addressed to everyone in full.
What is the correct way to write RSVP?
An RSVP card kindly asks your invitees to "répondez, s'il vous plaît," which is where the four letters from R.S.V.P. come from. "Répondez, s'il vous plaît," means "please reply" in French. This English adapted abbreviation stands for the signal for a requested response from guests.
What is a formal invitation?
Formal invitations are standard for events that call for formal or cocktail dress, such as weddings. Addresses, dates, and times are typically spelled out. A formal invitation card should use third person (e.g., they, their) rather than first (e.g., I, we, my, our) and include the full names of the event's hosts.
What is the tissue paper in wedding invitations?
If a sheet of tissue paper came on top of each invitation, it's your choice whether to leave it in or not. Traditionally, it was used to keep the ink from smudging. While most inks used these days won't smudge, the tradition has continued.
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How do you address wedding invitations?
Standard Addressing Etiquette Rules: Do not spell out the state. Address envelopes to both members of a married couple, husband first. Address envelopes to unmarried couples with each of their names on a separate line. Send separate invitations to children over 18. Write "and Guest" if a guest is allowed.
How do you invite someone to a party examples?
You are cordially invited to share the joy with us. Your presence means a lot to us! Having a guest like you in our party will be awesome. Please join us as we all celebrate the evening of [date] with friends and well-wishers!
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Catholic church near disney world
Catholic prayers for lovers
Who is the patron saint of lovers? St. Dwynwen What saint do you pray to for a boyfriend? St. Anthony of Padua, known as the patron saint of lost articles, is credited with recovering lost people, items and stolen goods. In some cultures, the faithful petition him when in search of love. How do […]


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What Are My Degree Options at CCC?
Coffeyville Community College offers four different associate degree options, and choosing the option that is best for you can be confusing. Below are explanations of the intended purpose of each degree option.
A.A. Degree (Associate in Arts)
This is the degree option a majority of students at CCC choose. This is the degree option designed for students who wish to transfer to a four-year institution after graduation from CCC, or for students who wish to one day enroll into a bachelor's degree program. This degree fulfills most of the general education requirements at a four-year school and will grant you junior status when you transfer, a big deal at enrollment time. So, if you plan to work on a bachelor's degree at some point in your life, this is the degree option for you.
A.S. Degree (Associate in Science)
This transfer degree serves the same purpose as the A.A. degree, but is intended for students who plan to major in a math or science field at a four-year school. So, if you plan to major in a program at a four-year school that requires a lot of math and science, this degree option is intended for you.
A.G.S. Degree (Associate in General Studies)
This degree option has a major difference between the A.A. degree – this one only requires Intermediate Algebra to graduate from CCC instead of College Algebra. It can be used for transfer, but be aware that at some point you will likely need to take College Algebra or higher level math course to earn a bachelor's degree. It is recommended you choose an A.A. or A.S. degree option if you plan to ever work on a bachelor's degree later.
A.A.S. Degree (Associate in Applied Science)
This is the degree option that many students in a technical program will choose. Students choosing this option will complete a technical program such as welding, electrical, automotive, etc. In addition to completing a technical program curriculum, students also complete 16 general education hours to complete requirements for the A.A.S. degree. This is a degree option utilized mostly by students at the Coffeyville Technical Campus and the Columbus Technical Campus.
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Often asked: What Is Asparagus Called In Nigeria?
What is the local name for asparagus?
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Asparagaceae
What is shatavari called in Nigeria?
What is the Yoruba name for Prunus Africana?
Aspillia Africana (Fig. 9)
Local nigerian name:
Yun yun ( Yoruba )
Kalankwa (Hausa)
Urangila ( Igbo )
What is Euphorbia hirta in Yoruba?
Euphorbia hirta is also locally known as ogwu ngwo (eczema drug) in some eastern parts of Nigeria is used locally to arrest bleeding in the event of an injury. Commonly called Shea butter in Nigeria, okwuma in Igbo, kadanya in Hausa, and ori in Yoruba, Vitellaria paradoxa, is a tree of Sapotaceae family.
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What part of asparagus is poisonous?
Like the rhubarb, the part of the asparagus plant that we love – the young stems – are perfectly safe to eat. But the asparagus hides a deceptive, nasty secret: Its fruit, which are bright red berries, are toxic to humans.
Is asparagus bad for your kidneys?
Where can I get shatavari powder?
This item Just Jaivik 100% Organic Shatavari Powder, USDA Organic, 1/2 Pound / 227g, Asparagus Racemosus, Rejuvenative for Vata and Pitta that Promotes Vitality and Strength. Herb Essential Pure Shatavari Asparagus Racemosus Powder – 50 g
Price ₹ 280.00 ₹ 140.00
Sold By Emarketers Cloudtail India
What is the Yoruba name for asparagus?
Introduction. Asparagus africanus Lam (Liliaceae) is an erect armed herb that grows up to 5ft high. The plant is widely distributed in tropical Africa. In Nigeria, the plants are known as "Shekan bera" in Hausa and "aluki" in Yoruba (Dalziel, 1956).
What is the scientific name of Karkashi?
Botanical name: Sesamum radiatum. English: benniseed, Yoruba: ewe-atura, Hausa: karkashi. Tiv/Idoma: beni.
What is artemisia called in Nigeria?
Artemisia annua L. (A. annua), commonly called annual wormwood, and belonging to the family Asteraceae, is a medicinal plant native to temperate Asia but has presently naturalized throughout the world. It has been recently introduced for commercial cultivation in Nigeria.
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What is Yoruba name for Gorontula?
What Is Goron Tula In Yoruba? Goron Tula fruit (Hausa) is sometimes referred to as Thespesia or Silky Kola. It is also known as tree hibiscus and snot apple in English.
What is the English name for ewe Abamoda?
The English name is never die or resurrection plant. It is called abamoda by the Yoruba tribe of Southwestern Nigeria where it is used in traditional treatment of several ailments including stomach upset (Iwu, 1993).
What is the Yoruba name for chickweed?
Other names include chick weed, chickenwort, satin flower, (awede in Yoruba ).
What is neem leaf called in Igbo?
indica is an extensively popular tree in Nigeria and is commonly referred to as Neem (English), "Dogon Yaro" (Hausa) and "Akun shorop" ( Igbo ).
What is Yoruba name for asthma plant?
One of such herbs that researchers see as a potential raw material for the treatment of asthma is that commonly referred to as Crinum jagus, " asthma cough plant " or Ogede odo in Yoruba.
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Shift The Energy For Your Success
Updated: Jun 17, 2020
How much time do you spend setting up the energy of your environment? It is well known that your environment influences your behaviour. You are an energetic being living in an energetic world. You are constantly responding or reacting to your environment. Why not shift the energy for your success. You have the ability to do it!
Colours, for example, are a fascinating blend of wavelength and electromagnetic radiation. They can have a great impact on an environment. Jacob Olesen, in his article '7 Best Colours For Healing' says 'healing colours are the colours that influence mood, calm the nervous system and make the environments less provoking and peace inducing.' Orange is a great colour for inspiring creativity and red will evoke vitality.
Aromas can also be used to create a positive and productive environment. They can have a powerful impact on cognitive functions. Peppermint is known to increase alertness. Lemongrass will lower anxiety. Lemon is known to improve performance and rosemary has been proven to significantly improve memory. Consciously incorporating smells into your environment can assist your body to optimise the time in that space. How awesome is that!
One of my most favourite ways to influence an environment is to use the process of visualisation. Many office spaces, conference rooms, hotel rooms and hospital rooms, to name a few, have no access to fresh air often relying on air-conditioning to keep the air 'fresh'. When spaces are unable to access fresh air, energy builds up. If this energy is not cleared it becomes dense impacting on you and your ability to function at your optimum whether you are conscious of it or not. The great news is, you have the ability to shift the energy.
For me, the process of visualisation simply means using your imagination, and we've all got one of those! Did you know that your thoughts have a powerful ability to create reality. Dr Bruce Lipton was instrumental in shining a light on the power of your thoughts. In his book 'The Biology of Belief', he wrote about our DNA being controlled by signals from outside the cell, including the energetic messages emanating from our positive and negative thoughts. He showed a link link between mind and matter, and the effects it has on us and our lives.
- Henry Ford -
Visualising connects you to your creativity ability within your mind. To clear the energy in a room, shut your eyes and'see' the space flooded with brilliant white light. White light transmutes any dense, negative energy into positive energy. I have found that this quick process can lighten the mood of a room and get energy flowing.
When preparing for a task, visualise how you would like the environment to feel to ensure the outcome you desire. Whether you're about to go on stage, walk into an interview, catchup with a friend in a cafe, undergo surgery, go house hunting, there is power in preparing the environment ahead of time. You have the power to set yourself up for success.
Believe it... do it... and you will have it.
Do you feel your ability to visualise lacks some clarity? To see how I can help, contact me at and book a free 30 minute discovery call.
In support of becoming the best you, you can be,
Keryn Rose
Energy Healer
Certified Body Code Practitioner
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text:
Definitions of indifference
n. - The quality or state of being indifferent, or not making a difference; want of sufficient importance to constitute a difference; absence of weight; insignificance. 2
n. - Passableness; mediocrity. 2
n. - Impartiality; freedom from prejudice, prepossession, or bias. 2
n. - Absence of anxiety or interest in respect to what is presented to the mind; unconcernedness; as, entire indifference to all that occurs. 2
The word "indifference" uses 12 letters: C D E E E F F I I N N R.
No direct anagrams for indifference found in this word list.
Words formed by adding one letter before or after indifference (in bold), or to cdeeeffiinnr in any order:
s - indifferences
All words formed from indifference by changing one letter
Browse words starting with indifference by next letter


I'm starting to make a symbol and subject index with the package multind. In the symbol index, I would like to group the symbols by thematics, e.g., write set theory notation and have all the symbols below the description, after write operators and have all the notation for the operators, etc.
Does anyone knows how to do this?
I would like to obtain something like the following
Can anyone help me with a minimal working example? Preferably changing the section with page number.
 - 2
 The package multind is very old and unmaintained. I suggest you to use either imakeidx or splitidx to generate multiple indexes. – karlkoeller Nov 20 '13 at 6:01
 - 2
 This seems more a work for the glossaries package. – egreg Nov 20 '13 at 8:49
You can use glossaries to do this. I assume you either want to sort your symbols according to definition or to usage since symbols are difficult to sort alphabetically (and your sample isn't alphabetically sorted). With glossaries you can use the package option sort=def to sort in order of definition or sort=use to sort according to usage. In the example below, I've used sort=def (change \setglossarystyle to \glossarystyle if you are using a version of glossaries prior to version 4.0):
% (Pre glossaries v4.0 requires \glossarystyle rather than
% \setglossarystyle)
% Define a command to define operators
% Syntax: \newoperator[options]{label}{operator symbol}
% Similarly for constants
% Define operators
% Define constants
\chapter{Sample Chapter}
Some sample usage of constants:
 \gls{pdash}, \gls{Mcn}, \gls{jnu}
Some sample usage of operators:
 \gls{Mop}, \gls{Aalpha}, \gls{nablaOmega}
More sample usage:
\gls{T}, \gls{I2}, \gls{Jz}, \gls{Gz},
\gls{Mcn}, \gls{Dpq}, \gls{jnu}
In order to build the PDF you need to do:
 1. Run pdflatex
 2. Run makeglossaries
 3. Run pdflatex
The above example produces:
Page 1:
Image of page 1
Page 2:
Image of page 2
Page 3:
Image of page 3
In your example image, you have some lines with multiple entries (for example, c, c_1, c_2, \ldots, v_n). There are various ways to deal with these. You could designate the first in the list (e.g, c) as the main parent entry, and the remainder as sub-entries, and then define a glossary style that puts the sub-entry names after the parent entry name, but this will complicate the location list. However, I think the easiest solution is probably to define an entry with the specified list and then use \glsdisp or \glslink whenever you use it.
For example:
\newconstant{c}{c, c_1, c_2, \ldots, v_n}
Then in the document:
In-line: $\glslink{c}{c}$ or $\glslink{c}{c_1}$ or $\glslink{c}{c_2}$ etc.
Your Answer


the currently possible return types automatically inherits from the current return type of the parser rule. You can specify additional common supertypes by means of "artificial" parser rules, that are never called, e.g.
 SubTypeA | SubTypeB | SubTypeC;
Enum Literal Generation
For each alternative defined in an enum rule, the transformer creates an enum literal, when another with the same name cannot be found. The 'literal' property of the generated enum literal is set to the right hand side of the declaration. If it is ommitted, you'll get an enum literal with equal 'name' and 'literal' attributes.
enum MyGeneratedEnum:
Feature Normalization
As a last step, the generator examines all generated EClasses and lifts up similar features to supertypes if there is more than one subtype and the feature is defined in every subtypes. This does even work for multiple supertypes.
Error Conditions
The following conditions cause an error
 - An EAttribute or EReference has two different types or different cardinality.
 - There are an EAttribute and an EReference with the same name in the same EClass.
 - There is a cycle in the type hierarchy.
 - An new EAttribute, EReference or supertype is added to an imported type.
 - An EClass is added to an imported EPackage.
 - An undeclared alias is used.
 - An imported metamodel cannot be loaded.
Importing existing Meta Models
With the import directive in Xtext you can refer to existing Ecore metamodels and reuse the types that are declared in an EPackage. Xtext uses this technique by itself to leverage Ecore datatypes.
import "_URL_ as ecore;
Specify an explicit return type to reuse such imported types. Note that this even works for lexer rules.
Language Inheritance
Xtext supports language inheritance. Grammars that are created via the Xtext wizard extend *org.eclipse.xtext.common.Terminals* by default.
 grammar org.xtext.example.MyDsl with org.eclipse.xtext.common.Terminals
 generate myDsl "_URL_
Inheriting from another grammar makes the rules defined in that grammar referable. It is also possible to overwrite rules from the super grammar. Example :
 grammar my.SuperGrammar
 RuleA : "a" stuff=RuleB;
 RuleB : "{" name=ID "}";
 grammar my.SubGrammar with my.SuperGrammar
 Model : (ruleAs+=RuleA)*;
 // overwrites my.SuperGrammar.RuleB
 RuleB : '[' name=ID ']';
Default tokens
Xtext is shipped with a default set of predefined, reasonable and often required terminal rules. This grammar is defined as follows:
 grammar org.eclipse.xtext.common.Terminals hidden(WS, ML_COMMENT, SL_COMMENT)
 terminal STRING :
 '"' ( '\\' ('b'|'t'|'n'|'f'|'r'|'"'|"'"|'\\') | !('\\'|'"') )* '"' |
 "'" ( '\\' ('b'|'t'|'n'|'f'|'r'|'"'|"'"|'\\') | !('\\'|"'") )* "'"
 terminal ANY_OTHER: . ;
Architectural Overview
TMF Xtext itself and every language infrastructure developed with TMF Xtext is configured and wired-up using dependency injection (DI). We use Google Guice as the underlying framework, and haven't built much on top of it as it pretty much does what we need. So instead of describing how google guice works, we refer to the website, where additional information can be found [2].
Using DI allows everyone to set up and change all components. This does not mean that everything which gets configured using DI (we use it a lot) is automatically public API. But we don't forbid use of non-public API, as we think you should decide, if you want to rely on stable API only or use things which might be changed (further enhanced ;-)) in future. See Xtext/Documentation/API.
Runtime setup (ISetup)
For each language there is an implementation of ISetup generated. It implements a method called 'doSetup()', which can be called do the global setup.
This class is intended to be used for runtime and unit testing, only. The setup method returns an Injector, which can further be used to obtain a parser, etc. The setup method also registers the ResourceFactory and generated EPackage with the respective global registries provided by EMF.
So basically you can just run the setup and start using EMF API to load and store models of your language.
Setup within Eclipse / Equinox
Within Eclipse we have a generated Activator, which creates a Guice injector using the modules. In addition an IExecutableExtensionFactory is generated for each language, which is used to create ExecutableExtensions. This means that everything which is created via extension points is managed by guice as well, i.e. you can declare dependencies and get them injected up on creation.
The only thing you have to do in order to use this factory is to prefix the class with the factory (guice.Aware) name followed by a colon.
 name="EcoreDsl Editor">
The Guice Injector configuration is done through the use of Modules (also a Guice concept). The generator provides two modules when first called, one for runtime ([MyLanguage]RuntimeModule) and one for UI ([MyLanguage]UIModule). These modules are initially empty and intended to be manually edited when needed. These are also the modules used directly by the setup methods. By default these modules extend a fully generated module.
Generated Modules
The fully generated modules (never touch them!) are called Abstract[MyLanguage]RuntimeModule and Abstract[MyLanguage]UiModule resp. They contain all components which have been generated specifically for the language at hand. Examples are: the generated parsers, serializer or for UI a proposal provider for content assist is generated. What goes into the modules depends on how your generator is configured.
Default Modules
Finally the fully generated modules extend the DefaultRuntimeModule (resp. DefaultUiModule), which contains all the default configuration. The default configuration consists of all components for which we have generic default implementations (interpreting as opposed to generated). Examples are all the components used in linking, the outline view, hyperlinking and navigation.
Changing Configuration
We use the primary modules ([MyLanguage]RuntimeModule and [MyLanguage]UiModule) in order to change the configuration. The class is initially empty and has been generated only to allow for arbitrary customization.
In order to provide a simple and convenient way, in TMF Xtext every module extends AbstractXtextModule. This class allows to write bindings like so:
public Class bind[anyname]() {
 return MyInterfaceImpl.class;
Such a method will be interpreted as a binding from MyInterface to MyInterfaceImpl. Note that you simply have to override a method from a super class (e.g. from the generated or default module) in order to change the respective binding. Although this is a convenient and simple way, you have of course also the full power of Guice, i.e. you can override the Guice method void bind(Binding) and do what every you want.
Runtime Architecture
Value Converters
The linking feature allows for specification of cross references within an Xtext grammar. The following things are needed for the linking:
 1. declaration of a cross link in the grammar (at least in the meta model)
 2. specification of linking semantics
Declaration of cross links
In the grammar a cross reference is specified using square brackets.
CrossReference :
 '[' ReferencedEClass ('|' terminal=AbstractTerminal)? ']'
ReferringType :
 'ref' referencedObject=[Entity|(ID|STRING)];
The meta model derivation would create an EClass 'ReferringType' with an EReference'referencedObject' of type 'Entity' (containment=false). The referenced object would be identified either by an ID or a STRING and the surrounding information (see scoping).
Example: While parsing a given input string, say
ref Entity01
Xtext produces an instance of 'ReferringType'. After this parsing step it enters the linking phase and tries to find an instance of Entity using the parsed text 'Entity01'. The input
ref "EntityWithÄÖÜ"
would work analogously. This is not an ID (umlauts are not allowed), but a STRING (as it is apparent from the quotation marks).
Specification of linking semantics
The default ILinker implementation is provided with an instance of ILinkingService. Although the default linking behavior is appropriate in many cases there might be scenarios where this is not sufficient. For each grammar a linking service can be implemented/configured, which implements the following interface:
public interface ILinkingService extends ILanguageService {
 * Returns all EObjects referenced by the given link text in the given context.
 List getLinkedObjects(EObject context, EReference reference, LeafNode text);
 * Returns the textual representation of a given object as it would be serialized in the given context.
 * _USER_ object
 * _USER_ reference
 * _USER_ context
 * _USER_ the text representation.
 String getLinkText(EObject object, EReference reference, EObject context);
The method getLinkedObjects is directly related to this topic whereas getLinkText adresses complementary functionality: it is used for Serialization.
A simple implementation of the linking service (DefaultLinkingService.java) is shipped with Xtext and is used for any grammar per default


text:
Transparent objects that require alpha blending cannot be rendered on top in a G-Buffer. Blending two or more normals, depth or position values leads to wrong results.
In other words deferred lighting of objects that need to be visible through each other is not easily possible because the data for the object that is visible through another object is lost in a G-Buffer that can only store one layer of data for normals, depth and position.
The traditional way to work around this is to have a separate rendering path that deals with rendering and lighting of transparent objects that need to be alpha blended. In essence that means there is a second lighting system that can be forward rendered and usually has a lower quality than the deferred lights.
This system breaks down as soon as you have light numbers that are higher than a few dozen lights because forward rendering can't render so many lights. In that case it would be an advantage to use the same deferred lighting system that is used on opaque objects on transparent objects that would require alpha blending.
The simple case is for example windows where you can look through one window and maybe two more windows behind each other and see what is behind them. For example you look through the window from the outside into a house and then in the house is another glass wall through which you can look and then behind that glass wall is a freshwater tank that is lit... etc. you got the idea.
This would be the "light" case to solve. Much harder are scenarios in which the number of transparent objects that can be behind each other is much higher... like with particles or a room of transparent T-pots :-).
On DirectX9 and DirectX 10 class of hardware, one of the solutions that is mentioned to solve the problem of order-independent transparency is called Depth Peeling. It seems this techniques was first described by Abraham Mammen ("Transparency and antialiasing algorithms Implemented with the virtual pixel maps technique", IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 43-55, July/Aug. 1989) and Paul Diefenbach ("Pipeline rendering: Interaction and realism through hardware-based multi-pass rendering", Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1996, 152 pages)(I don't have access to those papers). A description of the implementation was given by Cass Everitt here. The idea is to extract each unique depth in a scene into layers. Those layers are then composited in depth-sorted order to produce the correct blended image.
In other words: the standard depth test gives us the nearest fragment/pixel. The next pass over the scene gives us the second nearest fragment/pixel; the pass after this pass the third nearest fragment/pixel. The passes after the first pass are rendered by using the depth buffer computed in the first pass and "peel away" depths values that are less than or equal to the values in that depth buffer. All the values that are not "peeled away" are stored in another depth buffer. Pseudo code might look like this:
const float bias 0._PHONE_;
// peel away pixels from previous layers
// use a small bias to avoid precision issues.
clip(In.pos.z - PreviousPassDepth - bias);
By using the depth values from the previous pass for the following pass, multiple layers of depth can be stored. As soon as all the depth layers are generated, for each of the layers the G-Buffer data needs to be generated. This might be the color and normal render targets. In case we want to store three layers of depth, color and normal data also need to be stored for those three depth layers.
Having a scene that has many transparent objects overlay each other, the number of layers increases substantially and therefore the memory consumption.
A more advanced depth peeling technique was named Dual Depth Peeling and described by Louis Bavoil et al. here. The main advantage of this technique is that it peels a layer from the front and a layer from the back at the same time. This way four layers can be peeled away in two geometry passes.
On hardware that doesn't support independent blending equations in MRTs, the two layers per pass are generated by using MAX blending and writing out each component of a float2(-depth, depth) variable into a dedicated render target that is part of a MRT.
Nicolas Thibieroz describes in "Robust Order-Independent Transparency via Reverse Depth Peeling in DirectX 10" in ShaderX6 a technique called Reverse Depth Peeling. While depth peeling extracts layers in a front-to-back order and stores them for later usage, his technique peels the layers in back-to-front order and can blend with the backbuffer immediately. There is no need to store all the layers compared to depth peeling. Especially on console platforms this is a huge advantage.
The order of operations is:
1. Determine furthest layer
2. Fill-up depth buffer texture
3. Fill-up normal and color buffer
4. Do lighting & shadowing
5. Blend in backbuffer
6. Go to 1 for the next layer
Another technique is giving up MSAA and using the samples to store up to eight layers of data. Kevin Myers et al. uses in the article "Stencil Routed A-Buffer" the stencil buffer to do sub-pixel routing of fragments. This way eight layers can be written in one pass. Because the layers are not ordered by depth they need to be sorted afterwards. The drawbacks are that the algorithm is limited to eight layers, allocates lots of memory (8xMSAA can be depending on the underlying implementation a 8x screen-size render target), requires hardware that supports 8xMSAA and the bitonic sort might be expensive. Giving up MSAA, the "light" case described above would be easily possible with this technique with satisfying performance but it won't work on scenes where many objects are visible behind several other objects.
Another technique extends Dual Depth Peeling by attaching a sorted bucket list. The article "Efficient Depth Peeling via Bucket Sort" by Fang Liu et al. describes an adaptive scheme that requires two geometry passes to store depth value ranges in a bucket list, sorted with the help of a depth histogram. An implementation will be described in the upcoming book GPU Pro. The following image from this article shows the required passes.
The Initial Pass is similar to Dual Depth Peeling. Similar to other techniques that utilize eight render targets, 32:32:32:32 each, the technique has huge memory requirements.
To my knowledge those are the widely known techniques for order-independent transparency on DirectX 10 today. Do you know of any newer techniques suitable for DirectX 10 or DirectX 11 hardware?


text:
Media professionals interested in reporting on university-related stories are encouraged to visit the media newsroom.
November 20, 2012
By Megan Akers
The University of Nevada, Reno's Child and Family Research Center recently collaborated with the Nevada Museum of Art to host the "More Than a Playground" Early Childhood Symposium. The two-day event, which was held earlier this month, helped demonstrate research conducted by the center's children and further explored the Reggio Emilia style of teaching.
The Reggio Emilia learning approach emphasizes teaching children through the use of objects and experiences to develop their problem-solving and critical-thinking skills. Children enrolled in the center's Infant/Toddler, Preschool and Kindergarten/First Grade programs frequently use the historic Quadrangle on campus as a learning environment. The children, aged infants to first-grade, have been conducting "research" throughout their explorations of the Quad. This research was displayed through a temporary art installation on the Quad created by the children, teachers, families and University School of the Arts' faculty.
Leah Sanders, administrative faculty, mentor and coach for the College of Education's Child and Family Research Center, facilitated the exhibition.
"The art installation is a reflection of the University's youngest students' interest of what is on the Quad, as well as the teacher's knowledge of what's appropriate to teach the age group," Sanders said. "We present the children with a challenge, such as measuring their favorite tree, and then they solve the problem from their point of view."
The installation featured 11 interactive projects based on the children's frequent visits to the Quad and their interactions and research with and involving the Quad. One project on display was "Building a Castle," done by 2-year olds. The children were presented with the challenge of re-creating the University's Morrill Hall as a castle. They used various tools such as cardboard and paint to create a physical example of their interpretation of Morrill Hall. This particular display demonstrated the ability teachers have to encourage children's analytical skills and imagination.
"We look at our children as competent, able to do research," Sanders said. "The research the children have done on the Quad is beyond just playing, even though that is how they approach it. We are trying make visible the ways children think, create, imagine and invent. Our community partner is the Nevada Museum of Art. "
Additional projects on display included "Sounds of Music," in which 4-year-olds used elements of nature to create sounds, and "Improvisational Dance," where kindergartners and first-graders created dances based on their observations of natural objects on the Quad.
After the art installation, members of the community joined classroom and museum educators from across the nation at the Nevada Museum of Art for a symposium. The symposium explored new and innovative ways to incorporate art and object-centered teaching and process-thinking into experiences for early learners and children. Lella Gandini, Reggio Children liaison in the United States, and Betsey Bowers, deputy director of the Smithsonian's Institution's Early Enrichment Center in Washington D.C., were featured as keynote speakers. Three Reno Early Childhood teachers, Megan Grimes (Washoe County School District), Jentry Hammond and Tracy Casbarro (Child and Family Research Center), also presented classroom work.
Participants learned more about early childhood classrooms and education in the environments of museums. They also had the opportunity to experiment with how different points of view affect their interactions with their surrounding environments.
The symposium, which organizers considered a huge success, created interactive campus community relationships that Sanders hopes to continue.
"We are continuing to partner with Colin Robertson, the Charles N. Mathewson Curator of Education, for the Museum, to create something different in museum experiences for children and their families."
For more information, contact the Child and Family Research Center's Director Sherry Waugh at _PHONE_.
Megan Akers is a student writer for University Media Relations.


text:
Health Canada is reminding Canadians of the importance of food safety when using microwave ovens.
Microwaves are often used as a quick way to cook, reheat or defrost foods. However, as with all other ways of heating food, it is important to remember that foodborne bacteria can only be killed by proper cooking.
It is estimated that there are approximately 11 million cases of food-related illness in Canada every year. Many of these cases could be prevented by following proper food handling and preparation techniques.
To minimize the risks of foodborne illness, here are some steps to follow when cooking food in microwaves.
Cook foods immediately after defrosting. Never re-freeze the foods that you have defrosted in the microwave.
Remove foods from non-microwave safe containers and wrappings, freezer cartons, and styrofoam trays before using a microwave to defrost or cook. Only use containers or plastic wraps that are labelled as microwave safe.
Do not leave food out in the "danger zone" (between 4ºC to 60ºC or 40ºF to 140ºF) for longer than two hours. Bacteria can grow rapidly at these temperatures.
Defrost foods completely before cooking. Frozen and thawed portions cooked together can lead to uneven cooking.
Cut food into small portions and evenly arrange it to minimize overlapping.
Use a microwave-safe cover or microwave-safe plastic wrap to cover the food.
Follow all cooking instructions in a recipe or instructions on food packages; observe the standing times.
When cooking meat in the microwave, use a digital food thermometer to check the thickest part of each piece of meat. Wash your digital food thermometer with warm, soapy water after each temperature reading to avoid cross-contamination.
Cooked foods are safe to eat when the following internal temperatures are respected:
All ground beef products should be cooked to 71°C (160°F).
Food mixtures containing poultry, eggs, meat and fish should be cooked to 74°C (165°F).
Leftovers should be heated to 74°C (165°F).
Never cook whole poultry, including turkey, in the microwave.
Reheat any leftovers until steaming hot. Use a digital food thermometer to ensure the centre of the food reaches 74EC (165EF).
Only reheat portion sizes that you will eat immediately.
Avoid placing reheated leftovers back in the refrigerator.
For more information on food safety tips for microwaves, please visit:
Government of Canada's Food Safety Tips for Microwaves


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Determine all automorphisms of $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt[3]{2},\omega)$
Here $\omega$ is a complex cube root of unity.
From an earlier part of the problem, I have that the only automorphism of $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt[3]{2})$ is the identity map. I've found that $[\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt[3]{2},\omega):\mathbb{Q}]=6$. After that, I have a bunch of very hazy notions about how to proceed. The text I'm using has just defined Galois group and Galois extension but hasn't yet given any indication of what they're for. (It always seems to me that peeking ahead in the book to get a solution is only getting me to miss some more basic idea I'm supposed to be getting).
So I know that an automorphism, when applied to the root of a polynomial, will give me another root of the polynomial. I know that since $[\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt[3]{2},\omega):\mathbb{Q}]=6$, there is a 6th degree irreducible polynomial, a root of which will generate $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt[3]{2},\omega)$. This polynomial, whatever it is, has 6 roots that get permuted around by the automorphisms.
So 6! automorphisms? That seems a bit much. But how do I knock it down to a reasonable number? And after that, how do I find out what they are?
share|improve this question
Not every permutation of roots is an automorphism: it must preserve the field structure to be the latter. – anon Apr 11 '12 at 19:35
Any automorphism is determined by where it sends $\sqrt[3]{2}$ and $\omega$. $\sqrt[3]{2}$ must go to one of the three cube roots of three, while $\omega$ must go to one of the two complex cube roots of one. Thus there are at most $3 \cdot 2=6$ automorphisms. – Chris Eagle Apr 11 '12 at 19:38
So you know that automorphisms applied to the roots of a polynomial (with rational coefficients!) give you other roots of the polynomial. This doesn't just apply to the minimal polynomial of a primitive element; it also applies to $x^3 - 2$ and to $x^2 + x + 1$... – Qiaochu Yuan Apr 11 '12 at 19:40
If this is homework, tag it as such. – lhf Apr 11 '12 at 19:46
_USER_: just added homework tag. Thanks – jobrien929 Apr 11 '12 at 19:51
1 Answer 1
up vote 4 down vote accepted
There is a general techinque for finding Galois groups. I shall outline them for this actual case:
 1. Verify that your extension is Galois. For example, I claim that our extension is the splitting field of $x^3-2$. Indeed, the roots of $x^3-2$ are $\sqrt[3]{2},\omega\sqrt[3]{2},\omega^2\sqrt[3]{2}$ and clearly $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt[3]{2},\omega)$ is equal the field generated by these roots over $\mathbb{Q}$. Thus, our extension is the splitting field of a separable polynomial.
 2. Find the degree of your extension. For us it's pretty simple since one can verify that the following tower holds
$$\begin{array}{c}\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt[3]{2},\omega)\\ \vert 2\\ \mathbb{Q}(\sqrt[3]{2})\\ \vert 3\\ \mathbb{Q}\end{array}$$
The first from the fact that we know that minimal polynomial $m_{\mathbb{Q},\sqrt[3]{2}}=x^3-2$ and the second since evidently $1+x+x^2\in\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt[3]{2})[x]$ annihilates $\omega$ and $\omega\notin\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt[3]{2})$ (since it's not real). Thus the multiplicative property of towers gives that our extension is degree six.
3.Find how many possible elements can be in the Galois group of your extension. In our case, you have noted that any $\sigma\in\text{Gal}(\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt[3]{2},\omega)/\mathbb{Q})$ must send $\sqrt[3]{2}$ to another root of its minimal polynomial, which there are three (since its minimal polynomial, as we know, is $x^3-2$), and $\omega$ must be sent to a root of its minimal polynomial $1+x+x^2$ of which there are two. Thus, the possible values that $\sigma$ sends $(\sqrt[3]{2},\omega)$ to are $(x,y)$ such that $x\in\{\sqrt[3][2],\omega\sqrt[3]{2},\omega^2\sqrt[3]{2}\}$ and $y\in\{\omega,\omega^2\}$. Since any $\sigma$ is determined by the value it takes on $(\sqrt[3]{2},\omega)$ (since they are generators) you can conclude there are at most six $\sigma$'s (not the statistical framework) and so $|\text{Gal}(\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt[3]{2},\omega)/\mathbb{Q})|\leqslant 6$.
4.Use the fact that our extension is Galois to conclude that $|\text{Gal}(\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt[3]{2},\omega)/\mathbb{Q})|$ is the degree of our extension, which is six. Aha! But we know that our Galois group has at most six elements--those $\sigma$ sending the generators to the six possible choices for $(x,y)$. But, since there MUST be six automorphisms we may conclude that all six possible automorphisms ARE automorphisms. Thus, we have found our Galois group
The obvious trick was to show that even though we can a priori only bound the number of possible automorphisms, using Galois theory we can figure out exactly how many automorphisms we SHOULD have which often forces all possible choices to be all actual choices.
I hope that was helpful. Feel free to ask any questions.
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Countries across the world craft objects, jewelry, furniture and more based on their own customs, culture and history. If you are interested in buying crafts from a country different from your own, then you have a number of options in your town and across the world. You may also choose to buy crafts from third world countries in order to support fair trade. Buying fair trade crafts helps to prevent low wages and unfair working conditions. There are some guidelines you should follow to ensure you are buying from a country that is benefiting from your purchase. You may need to do a little Internet research to ensure you are buying the crafts you prefer. Read on to find out how to buy crafts from third world countries.
 1. 1
 Research fair trade organizations. There are a number of non-profit companies that choose to keep consumers up to date about fair trade options. These include fairtraderesource.org, chfinternational.org, and fair trade organizations of specific countries, such as fta.org.au.
 2. 2
 Decide if you want to buy crafts from a specific country. For example, you may admire the bamboo furniture from Malaysia or carvings from Africa. Search for a non-profit organization that tells you where to find shops that sell that country's goods.
 - For example, there is a Bangladesh cooperative that represents 60,000 artisans.
 3. 3
 Go to eBay or Overstock. Both of these websites have acquired companies that previously sought to promote fair trade crafts. Ebay acquired World of Good, and you can buy handcrafted gifts from third world countries at worldofgood.ebay.com.
 - Overstock.com provides a fair trade site, called _URL_-Fair-Trade. You can find anything from jewelry to furniture and more.
 4. 4
 Search for local stores that specialize in fair trade crafts. Most mid to large-sized cities have a few fair trade stores. You can often find the stories behind the manufacturers of the crafts.
 - Ask the store how they acquired the crafts. The best way to tell if you are buying from a certified fair trade, third world craft carrier is to ask how the crafts were acquired.
 5. 5
 Visit world craft museums, such as The Museum of Craft and Folk Art or the Museum of Craft and Design in San Francisco. These museums fill their gift shops with crafts that are well-crafted and distinctive. Check the museum websites for crafts that can be bought online.
 6. 6
 Visit summer markets in your town. People who have emigrated from other countries often stock booths filled with their home country's crafts. Peruvian alpaca crafts are common at summer craft markets.
 7. 7
 Visit a third world country and buy the crafts straight from the source. While this is the most expensive option, it is the best way to ensure you are buying straight from a craftsman. Research craft workshops where you can visit and buy directly after viewing the creation of the crafts.
 - For example, in St. Kitts there is a batik factory where the batiks are made and then sold. In Peru, you can visit an alpaca farm where yarn is created, died, woven and sold.
Things You'll Need
 - Summer markets
 - Internet research
 - Fair trade shops
 - Trip abroad
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