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February 11, 2021 5 min read
The move from wired technology to wireless technology occurred fairly quickly, with Bluetooth only being invented at the turn of the 21st century. But even in just over 20 years, wireless technology has firmly planted itself into our daily lives.
But this doesn't mean that those wired stereo systems are obsolete. In fact, self-proclaimed audiophiles believe that auxiliary sound is of much higher quality than sound transmitted over wireless speakers or headphones.
So what's the truth? Which truly has better sound quality: Bluetooth or aux? And which one is more convenient to our normal, everyday life?
What's the Difference Between Bluetooth and Aux?
The most glaring disparity between these two is the fact that Bluetooth can work wirelessly while auxiliary requires a cable connection according to VSS Monitoring. Aux cables are commonly associated with the 3.5mm headphone jack that you might recognize from older iPhones. It's one of the most common cables used for streaming sound.
Bluetooth uses wireless connectivity for phones, computers, and other peripherals. It operates over radio frequencies and doesn't need wires or wi-fi to work. While it's not as universal as auxiliary jacks, it is becoming increasingly common.
Both of these are the most popular ways of streaming sound despite Bluetooth's fairly new inception. But each of these has small differences that set them apart. So which one is better?
Sound Quality: Bluetooth vs Aux
There is really nothing better than slipping on a pair of headphones and listening to your favorite playlists or turning on the stereo to hear some hi-fi sounds during a dinner party. But in order to get the best sound, what type of set-up is best?
In general, auxiliary sound is more capable of producing a higher quality noise when compared to Bluetooth. This results in something called a loss of fidelity, which references how well a copy reproduces its source.
While this diminishing quality usually isn't noticeable to most people, audiophiles may take notice right away. People who are enthusiastic about sound quality often prefer listening to music on auxiliary devices, as these are analog from end to end. It maintains a high fidelity, meaning that the quality is very similar to the originally recorded audio.
Another factor to keep in mind is audio syncing. Since Bluetooth requires an extensive amount of data translation to work, there is normally a delay in data transmission from one device to another. While this might not be noticeable when playing music, you may become frustrated by a character's lips being out of sync during a movie or TV show. Aux is a nearly instantaneous signal that does not suffer from this problem.
To cut down on delay, make sure your Bluetooth device uses low latency audio coding, which means that the audio/visual experience will feel extremely smooth.
Finally, it's worth noting that since aux requires a physical cable, they will wear down over time. If the cable becomes torn or ripped through daily use, it might have an impact on the sound quality. Since Bluetooth requires no cables, you'll never need to worry about audio quality diminishing because of many uses.
In short, aux cables are better at providing a superior sound quality when compared to Bluetooth. However, it's probably not very noticeable unless you are an audiophile yourself.
Convenience: Bluetooth vs Aux
This is a tough category to declare a winner, as there are a few things that are convenient and inconvenient about each of these audio signals.
Arguably, it's much easier to pair devices with a wired cable as opposed to wireless. All you need to do is plug two devices together using a cord, and they're instantly ready to go. With Bluetooth, it requires a pairing process that can be frustrating and slower than clicking in a cable.
With that said, the cord limits your range of motion based on the length of the cable itself. This means that you can't take your phone out of the room if you have it hooked up to an aux speaker. Bluetooth, on the other hand, has a range of about 800 feet, meaning that you can have a much larger range of motion to control your devices.
Furthermore, Bluetooth devices can connect themselves to multiple sources at one time. With an iPhone, you can connect about three or four wireless peripherals to itself at one time. Aux is limited to just one connection.
Based on this, it's safe to say that Bluetooth is a little bit more convenient than aux, primarily due to freedom of movement and multiple synchronous connections.
Compatibility: Bluetooth vs Aux
Since Bluetooth is fairly new, auxiliary cables remain a bit more accessible than wireless technology. You can usually still find aux inputs in most cars, speaker systems, phones, and laptops.
With that said, it does seem like tech is evolving towards alternative options. The newest versions of the iPhone do not have a headphone jack, and many cars are now opting for USB ports to allow phones to charge and play music at the same time.
Not to mention, aux cables can only relay audio information, which limits their versatility. Bluetooth can transmit other kinds of data besides just sound, making them useful for keyboards, computer mice, printers, and even lighting displays.
Because of the wireless revolution, some audiophiles are concerned that their favorite auxiliary stereos are going to become obsolete. You can work around this issue by using Bluetooth receivers, which connect to a wired speaker with a digital or analog output. This will make them fully compatible with Bluetooth devices, letting you stream Spotify or Apple Music with high fidelity sound.
Although aux cables may be more compatible with peripherals at this moment in time, it is very safe to assume that Bluetooth will become the primary mode of sound streaming extremely soon.
Other Factors To Consider
Besides all of this, another important thing to remember about Bluetooth is that since it is a wireless protocol, it can continually be updated with new features and versions. This allows it to keep introducing new ways of making life easier. Aux cables do not have this luxury.
There is also no way to turn a Bluetooth device into an aux device unless it happens to include a 3.5mm jack. However, you can make wired headphones Bluetooth compatible by using a Hi-fi amplifier. Not only do these give you the amazing benefits of Bluetooth on the wired headphones you love, but they can actually improve the sound quality of the headphones themselves.
Amplifiers like that allow you to make hands free calls and texts, which auxiliary cables are unable to do because of their inability to turn audio data into another form of information.
In Conclusion
Bluetooth and aux sound are two of the most common ways to listen to music. They both have immense benefits that make them distinct from one another.
As far as sound quality, wired aux systems are really unmatched. Although it may be difficult to discern a difference, Bluetooth falls just a bit short in this category.
Convenience is a huge factor when it comes to the products we use daily. Because of its ability to be untethered from a cable, Bluetooth is a bit more convenient for allowing us a free range of motion.
And finally, while aux devices are more compatible now compared to Bluetooth, it is very clear that we are quickly shifting into a wireless world. Because of that, Bluetooth is a more compatible option than auxiliary.
Regardless, the most important factor is what works best for you. And since there are ways that you can make your favorite wired devices Bluetooth adaptable, you're able to have the best of both worlds!
Jaap C. Haartsen |
What is an Audiophile? The Nature of the Beast | Vinyl Vintage
High Fidelity Music Streaming: Can You Tell the Difference? | Berklee Online Take Note
Stay In Touch


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Flora & Fauna Areas
SE Asia Flora/Fauna
Related PagesSoutheast Asia Home
Southeast Asia Letters
Some of the animals and plants (the flora and fauna) of Southeast Asia -- Indonesia (including Kalimantan, Borneo) the Malaysian Peninsula and Malaysian Borneo, plus Thailand.
|Want to travel to SE Asia?
For Indonesia, the main gateways are the international airports in Bali (closest to Komodo National Park) or Jakarta. From Jakarta you can get internal flights to Kalimantan to get to Tanjung Puting NP and the orangutan sanctuaries.
The Malay Peninsula and the Borneo states of Sabah and Sarawak are best accessed through Singapore or Kuala Lumpur. For the island of Langkawi, Malaysia, you can fly to either Kuala Lumpur or Bangkok, Thailand, and get connecting flights or travel by excellent bus and ferry.
The gateway to Thailand's national parks is Bangkok or overland from Malaysia.
Male orangutan, Indonesia
The natural vegetation and habitats of the parts of Southeast Asia that we sailed through (or visited overland) are incredibly varied, ranging from the semi-arid scrub of East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, to the riverine forests of southern Borneo, (Kalimantan, Indonesia), the rainforests of Peninsular Malaysia, and the arid hills of Thailand. Animals as varied as the huge Komodo Dragon, the Indo-Chinese Tiger, Orangutans, colorful parrots and the White Bellied Sea Eagle occupy ecological niches in the region. This section highlights some of the main animals and plants of those parts of Southeast Asia that we visited - Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand. We've also published pages on the plants, primates (apes and monkeys), birds, and other animals such as the reptiles, tigers and elephants of Malaysia and Thailand.
An invaluable guide to understanding the ecology of the tropical world is A Naturalist's Guide to the Tropics by Marco Lambertini.
One of many Strelitzia species, Malaysia
Indonesia stretches over 5,000 km (3,000 miles) and has the richest diversity of flora and fauna in all of Asia. From the mountainous interior of Papua to the rain forests of Sumatra, Java and Kalimantan (Borneo). From the coral reefs of the Banda Sea (and the largest coastal surface area of any tropical country) to the semi-arid regions of the south east. The only two countries on earth with more forested land are Brazil and the DRC (Congo). Indonesia is rated one of only 6 countries in the world with "mega‑diversity". It ranks first in the world for swallowtail butterflies, second for mammal species (515, with 40% endemic), fourth for reptiles (511 species) and fifth for birds (1,531 species with 400 endemics.) Indonesia has 33 monkey species (half of which are endemic), ranking it higher than any other Asian country.
That being said, travel in Indonesia is difficult off the beaten track, and we were blessed to be able to see so much by sailboat. It is such a vast area that to appreciate all of its wondrous flora and fauna would take ten lifetimes!
Stork-billed Kingfisher, seen in Borneo
The island of Borneo is the world's third largest island (after Greenland and Papua New Guinea). The southern two-thirds belong to Indonesia (that area being named Kalimantan) and the northern third belongs to Malaysia (the states of Sarawak and Sabah). We traveled only to one small part of Kalimantan, the southwest corner where Tanjung Puting National Park is home to protected wild orangutans. But we did travel extensively in Malaysian Borneo -- many miles up both the Kinabatangan and Klias Rivers, to the slopes of Mt. Kinabalu (the region's highest mountain, 13,500' or 4100 meters), and deep into the lowland forests of Sarawak. We also hiked in the pristine rainforest of Taman Negara, one of the world's oldest rainforests, claiming to be over 130 million years old, on Peninsular Malaysia. With all of these adventures we learned, bit by bit, more about the flora and fauna of this incredibly rich and diverse part of the world.
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Montenegro Letter Writing GuideEdit This Page
From FamilySearch Wiki
Revision as of 18:31, 23 July 2008 by Pysnaks (Talk | contribs)
In order to get genealogical information from Montenegro, it is necessary to determine where the records you need are located. To do this you first write to the archive to inquire where the records are. After receiving a reply you send a letter to the address given to you by the archive. It may be possible for you to get information by writing. However, you can expect to wait several months for a reply and it is also quite possible, that you will not receive an answer.
Following are two sample letters to guide you in writing genealogical inquiries. Type or clearly print your letter using these sample letters as a guide.
Use Sample letter A as a guide to write a letter asking where the records are located. Include two International Reply Coupons in your letter to cover their postage costs in answering you. You can obtain International Reply Coupons at your post office. The answer should include the address of the archive or registry office where the records you need are located.
Upon receiving the needed address, use Sample letter B to write a letter to the place where the records are kept. Again include two International Reply Coupons.
Please note the following when writing your letters:
Write dates in day-month-year order. For example: 12. aprila 1844 / oko [about] 1844. The names of months are not capitalized. The months in the possessive form used in writing dates are:
januara, februara, marta, aprila, maja, juna, jula, avgusta, septembra, oktobra, novembra, decembra.
Roman Catholic
Greek Catholic
Sample Letter A
Državni arhiv Crne Gore
Novice Cerovića 2
81250 Cetinje
Dragi Gospodine/Gospodjo!
Moj predak je rodjen [rodjena if the ancestor was a female] u Crnoj Gori.
Datum rodjenja:
Rodno mesto:
Želio bih da saznam podatke o njegovom (njezinom if the ancestor was a female) datumu rodjenja i venčanja. Takodje bih želio da saznam podatke o roditeljima moga predka. Molim Vas možete li mi napisati gde mogu da dobijem spomenute informacije?
Uz pozdrav і poštovanje,
Need additional research help? Contact our research help specialists.
Did you find this article helpful?


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In Building a Bug Out Bag Part I we discussed why building a Bug Out Bag is important and what type of bag to select. In Part II we discussed the Transportation Items to consider, in Part III we explored Water preparedness, and in Part IV we explored Food preparedness for your Bug Out Bag. Today we'll discuss Shelter, Clothing and Protection from the Elements preparedness considerations for building a Bug Out Bag. Remember, this is your last ditch, carry on your back, walk away from trouble Bug Out Bag…not what you hope you can get to your bug out location if your car, SUV, or bugout ultralight makes it.
Today we add another article in our Top 10 series…this time it's the Top 10 Preparedness Uses of Baking Soda
Baking Sodais composed of pure sodium bicarbonate. This common leavening agent is added to baked goods which causes them to rise due to the production of carbon dioxide bubbles. Baking Soda reacts chemically to help neutralize and regulate pH in substances that are to alkaline or acidic. Baking Soda differs from Baking Powder in that Baking Powder is a mixture of sodium bicarbonate, an acidifying agent and a drying agent.
Sodium bicarbonate, also known as sodium hydrogen carbonate is a naturally occurring compound but can also be produced using the solvay process.
Andrew's Note: Today we present another lesson from our Military Pedagogy series. This discussion, from FM 21-76, the U.S. Army Survival Manual [Approved For Public Release; Distribution is Unlimited] is on the importance of fire in cold weather survival situations.
Fire is especially important in cold weather. It not only provides a means to prepare food, but also to get warm and to melt snow or ice for water. It also provides you with a significant psychological boost by making you feel a little more secure in your situation. Use the techniques described in Chapter 7 to build and light your fire. If you are in enemy territory, remember that the smoke, smell, and light from your fire may reveal your location. Light reflects from surrounding trees or rocks, making even indirect light a source of danger. Smoke tends to go straight up in cold, calm weather, making it a beacon during the day, but helping to conceal the smell at night. In warmer weather, especially in a wooded area, smoke tends to hug the ground, making it less visible in the day, but making its odor spread. If you are in enemy territory, cut low tree boughs rather than the entire tree for firewood. Fallen trees are easily seen from the air.
All wood will burn, but some types of wood create more smoke than others. For instance, coniferous trees that contain resin and tar create more and darker smoke than deciduous trees.
There are few materials to use for fuel in the high mountainous regions of the arctic. You may find some grasses and moss, but very little. The lower the elevation, the more fuel available. You may find some scrub willow and small, stunted spruce trees above the tree line. On sea ice, fuels are seemingly nonexistent. Driftwood or fats may be the only fuels available to a survivor on the barren coastlines in the arctic and subarctic regions.
Abundant fuels within the tree line are–
Dried moss, grass, and scrub willow are other materials you can use for fuel. These are usually plentiful near streams in tundras (open, treeless plains). By bundling or twisting grasses or other scrub vegetation to form a large, solid mass, you will have a slower burning, more productive fuel.
If fuel or oil is available from a wrecked vehicle or downed aircraft, use it for fuel. Leave the fuel in the tank for storage, drawing on the supply only as you need it. Oil congeals in extremely cold temperatures, therefore, drain it from the vehicle or aircraft while still warm if there is no danger of explosion or fire. If you have no container, let the oil drain onto the snow or ice. Scoop up the fuel as you need it.
CAUTION: Do not expose flesh to petroleum, oil, and lubricants in extremely cold temperatures. The liquid state of these products is deceptive in that it can cause frostbite.
Some plastic products, such as MRE spoons, helmet visors, visor housings, and foam rubber will ignite quickly from a burning match. They will also burn long enough to help start a fire. For example, a plastic spoon will burn for about 10 minutes. In cold weather regions, there are some hazards in using fires, whether to keep warm or to cook. For example–
In general, a small fire and some type of stove is the best combination for cooking purposes. A hobo stove (Figure 15-7) is particularly suitable to the arctic. It is easy to make out of a tin can, and it conserves fuel. A bed of hot coals provides the best cooking heat. Coals from a crisscross fire will settle uniformly. Make this type of fire by crisscrossing the firewood. A simple crane propped on a forked stick will hold a cooking container over a fire.
For heating purposes, a single candle provides enough heat to warm an enclosed shelter. A small fire about the size of a man's hand is ideal for use in enemy territory. It requires very little fuel, yet it generates considerable warmth and is hot enough to warm liquids.
Andrew's Note: Today we present another lesson from our Military Pedagogy series. This discussion, from FM 21-76, the U.S. Army Survival Manual [Approved For Public Release; Distribution is Unlimited] is on Cold Weather Survival Shelters.
Your environment and the equipment you carry with you will determine the type of shelter you can build. You can build shelters in wooded areas, open country, and barren areas. Wooded areas usually provide the best location, while barren areas have only snow as building material. Wooded areas provide timber for shelter construction, wood for fire, concealment from observation, and protection from the wind.
Note: In extreme cold, do not use metal, such as an aircraft fuselage, for shelter. The metal will conduct away from the shelter what little heat you can generate. Continue reading
I was having a beer the other day with a prepper buddy and the conversation turned to what types of shelter are best to carry in a bug out bag… and that's when the discussion turned to the poncho hooch also known as the poncho shelter. The poncho hooch is basically a tarp shelter made from a poncho, and a little cordage. Building a poncho hooch is easy so let's look at a few alternatives: Continue reading
Here's something that doesn't weigh a thing to add to your Get Home Bag or Bug Out Bag… a little knowledge about how to build a Dakota Fire Pit. While a fireless camp is the least likely to be observed there may be times when a fire is absolutely necessary…water purification by boiling (when you have no other methods available) or to avoid hypothermia are two possibilities that come to mind. Such situations call for a Dakota Fire Pit also known as the Dakota Fire Hole… the next most clandestine camp to a fireless camp.
Essentially the Dakota Fire Pit is a fire pit with a separate tunnel built to supply airflow directly to the fuel. By keeping the fire below ground you reduce the light signature of the fire significantly and are able to get by with a much smaller fire than you would need above ground to accomplish the same cooking tasks.
Here are some additional hints to make your Dakota Fire Hole easier to build and less likely to be seen: Continue reading
Sometimes preparedness is about seeing the potential alternate uses of everyday items, sometimes preparedness is about keeping the 'end' in mind while dealing with the 'ways' and the 'means.' These were the inspirations for this periodic column on Prepography called… It's Not This It's That (INTIT):


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 3. Smartphone assistants guide - everything you need to know
Smartphone assistants guide - everything you need to know
Last updated:
In this guide we explain how your smartphone's AssistiveTouch, Assistant Menu and Accessibility Menu can help you use your phone without the need for physical buttons or complicated hand gestures. We also touch on how virtual assistants like Google Assistant and Siri can help in this area.
What is AssistiveTouch, Assistant Menu and Accessibility Menu?
AssistiveTouch, Assistant Menu, and Accessibility Menu may sound similar to virtual assistants like Siri and Google Assistant, but they provide a different yet no less useful service.
These tools offer alternatives to having to press physical buttons and perform certain finger gestures. This comes in the form of a menu, which offers single tap or single finger options for many of your phone's functions.
A single tap or finger alternative may include, accessing the power off menu, increasing/decreasing brightness, taking a screenshot, and rotating the screen.
Who is AssistiveTouch, Assistant Menu and Accessibility Menu for?
AssistiveTouch, Assistant menu, and Accessibility Menu are designed to help people who struggle to trigger settings and functions with the pre-set finger gestures or physical buttons. Once enabled you gain access to a straightforward menu, which provides one tap or one finger alternatives.
If you use an iPhone then AssistiveTouch is waiting for you. If an Android phone is more your cup of tea, then Accessibility Menu is for you.
If you own a Samsung phone, you are in luck. This is because the Korean tech company includes its own software called the Assistant Menu.
This does the same job as the stock Google counterpart, but with a few more tricks up its sleeve.
How to set up AssistiveTouch on iPhone
 1. Choose the settings app which should be located on the first home screen.
 2. Scroll down and Choose Accessibility.
 3. Scroll down to Physical and Motor then choose Touch.
 4. Select AssistiveTouch, which you can find at the top of the page.
 5. Finally, toggle AssistiveTouch on.
Alternatively, you can just say "Hey Siri turn on AssistiveTouch".
How to set up Accessibility Menu on Android
 1. Pull down the notifications bar and select the settings icon.
 2. Scroll down the settings menu and choose Accessibility.
 3. If you do not see Accessibility listed on your phone's settings menu then it may be found within Additional Services
 4. Next look for a heading or option resembling Interaction and dexterity. This may not match your device exactly, but keep an eye out for words along these lines. Better yet, keep your eyes peeled for Accessibility Menu itself, as features aren't always placed where you would logically expect them to be.
 5. You should now see the Accessibility Menu. Tap it.
 6. Toggle the shortcut on.
Accessibility Menu and Assistants for Android: the basics
Once triggered, the Accessibility Menu offers choices such as activating the power off screen, turning the volume up or down, showing recent tabs and taking screenshots.
How the Accessibility Menu is triggered depends on how you have set up your phone.
If you are using gesture controls, then swipe up from the bottom of the screen with two fingers. Alternatively, if you are using the three button controls, then tap the extra button that appears at the bottom of the screen.
Once you have opened Accessibility Menu, you will see that it offers a straightforward menu interface.
Simply scroll through the pages, via the arrows at the bottom of the menu, until you see the option that you need. Tap the option you want, and the phone will oblige.
If you would like to increase the Accessibility Menu's buttons size, then you can turn the large size on in the feature's settings.
Accessibility Menu is simple and easy to use. If for some reason your phone does not have it installed, then it can be downloaded from the Google Play store. Look for Android Accessibility Suite.
If you don't see the feature in the appropriate Accessibility section after installation, then make sure to check Installed Services. You should see this within Accessibility.
Assistant Menu
It should be noted that Samsung has its own version of Accessibility Menu, called Assistant Menu. This performs the same role as the other helper, but with a more flexible interface and a few more useful tools.
Assistant Menu appears as a circle which can be dragged around the screen. Changing positions can be done by holding your finger down on the circle and moving it where you wish. To open the options, just tap the circle.
As well as performing the features mentioned above, the Assistant menu allows you to use Screen control, Pinch zoom and use a Cursor.
The Cursor has several tricks up its sleeve.
Much like the Screen control, you can use a single tap to swipe left or right, up, or down. Just tap the arrows on screen.
The Cursor lives up to its name, by introducing a mouse to your phone's screen.
You can use the cursor interface as you would a touchpad on a laptop. If this isn't to your preference, then having the cursor activated doesn't prevent you from tapping apps and options as you normally would.
Also included within the Cursor setting is a Magnifier Window tool. Once you have enabled Cursor in the Assistant menu, you should see the magnifier symbol above the virtual mouse pad.
Once the symbol has been tapped, a window appears which can be controlled by the virtual pad. Anything in the window will be magnified for you.
When you have finished with the window, tap the X above the virtual pad.
You can also simulate a Pinch zoom motion. This might come in handy while surfing the web.
To Pinch zoom, choose the option from the Assistant menu and then look for a small blue circle on your screen. Move this circle to the section of the page you want to get a better look at. After the target is in position, you can use the on-screen slider to zoom in and out.
The Assistant menu can also offer contextual options based on the app you're currently in. For example, when in the Samsung web browser, the menu provides options like opening a new tab or showing existing tabs.
Contextual options appear to be limited to certain Samsung apps such as, camera, contacts, email, messages, and phone.
To make sure contextual options are available to you, choose "Select apps to show contextual menus with", from the Assistant Menu page. We recommend you toggle on the all apps option.
Google Assistant, meanwhile, is the main virtual assistant on most Android phones. You can ask it to, dial people from your contact list, send texts, play music, and tweak settings like Wi-Fi and Bluetooth.
The Assistant can usually be called upon by either saying the activation phrase 'okay Google' or long pressing the home button on your phone's screen.
Sadly, while the mobile assistant will open key menus like Accessibility or the general menu, it can't manage every aspect of your phone. The assistant is a particularly useful tool though, and it's worth spending some time with it to discover the extent of its uses.
Make sure your data or Wi-Fi is switched on otherwise it won't work.
Bixby is a Samsung exclusive feature which does a similar job to Google Assistant. You may find that it can manage certain options or menus that Google Assistant cannot. For example, when we tried to turn on dark mode with Google Assistant on an S20, it couldn't manage it. Bixby meanwhile, did it with one simple request.
Like Google, Bixby can't handle every settings request, but as a system built for the device it should be able to handle more phone specific requests for Samsung devices.
According to Samsung's website Bixby can be found on the Samsung S8 + and upwards. Some devices have a designated Bixby button, while others use the power on button to call the assistant.
Bixby also requires Wi-Fi or mobile data to work.
IPhone AssistiveTouch and Siri: the basics
Once enabled, the AssistiveTouch interface will appear as a small circle on the screen. You might have to look carefully as it fades into the background.
You may move it anywhere on the screen you'd like, just by placing your finger upon it and dragging it in the direction you would like to go.
To make use of the AssistiveTouch just tap the circle. This will bring up a host of options. By default, these are divided into six choices.
The options: are, Notification Centre, Custom, Siri, Home, Control Centre and Device.
When you press Notifications Centre, the iPhone will pull down Notifications without you having to perform the traditional gesture.
This is also the case for the Control Centre. From the control centre you can turn certain settings on or off, like Bluetooth and Wi-Fi.
The Custom option of AssistiveTouch allows you to mimic certain touch gestures, such as a Double Tap, Pinch and Rotate, Long Press and Hold and Drag.
As an example, if you select Pinch and Rotate, a bar with two circles on the end appears on your screen, in place of where your fingers would normally go.
If you are on a webpage you can use this tool to zoom in or out. Place your finger on one of the circles, and move your finger up or down, depending on whether you want to zoom in or out.
Certain one-finger gestures will take some getting used to, but they do allow you to accomplish tasks like selecting text. If you get stuck at any point, just tap the AssistiveTouch button which cancels the original tool you selected.
Meanwhile, Assistive Touch's device sub menu offers a myriad of options related


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[ODE] Destroying Body before Geom
cwosborn at nps.edu
Wed Oct 19 18:45:17 MST 2005
How does one correctly destroy a body before the geom associated with
it? I have a base class with a dGeomID and a derived class with a
dBodyID. Since the derived classes destructor is called first,
dBodyDestroy is called before dGeomDestroy.
This results in a access violation in collision_kernel.cpp:
dxGeom *dGeomGetBodyNext (dxGeom *geom)
return geom->body_next; //right here, where geom is a bad pointer
I've tried calling dGeomSetBody(mGeomID, 0) prior to dBodyDestory,
hoping to decouple the two. But then it dies in dxGeom::bodyRemove().
More information about the ODE

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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|CARBON DIOXIDE SENSOR USAGE IN THE POWER CENTER FOR THE PERFORMING ARTS|
Carbon dioxide (CO2) sensors can be installed in areas that have infrequent or irregular occupancy patterns, such as auditoriums and classrooms. The sensors allow the ventilation system to be controlled by the concentration of CO2 present in the space, thereby reducing the amount of ventilation required during unoccupied times. As the space becomes occupied, the sensors will detect an increase of CO2 and adjust the amount of outside air needed. CO2 sensors, as well as other energy saving equipment, were installed in the Power Center for the Performing Arts on the University of Michigan's Ann Arbor Campus in 1994.
Overview of Procedure
The system is designed to work efficiently in large open spaces including auditoriums, classrooms, or conference rooms. Placement of sensor locations within a given space is critical for the system to work properly. If the sensors are not located correctly, fluctuations in temperature and overall comfort within the room may be observed.
In addition, errors in measurement and varying CO2 concentrations over time can cause low readings that may be misleading. Elevated CO2 may be due to various causes alone or in combination, such as: increased occupant population, poor air distribution, and poor air mixing. Smoke tubes and temperature profiles may help to clarify air circulation patterns.
& Health Precautions/Personal Protective Equipment
Periodic maintenance of the sensors is required to ensure that acceptable air quality is maintained.
The overall calculated energy savings, not directly related to the CO2 sensors, for the Power Center for the Performing Arts in fiscal years 1995 and 1996 were $29,000 and $32,000, respectively.


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heterotrophArticle Free Pass
heterotroph, in ecology, an organism that consumes other organisms in a food chain. In contrast to autotrophs, heterotrophs are unable to produce organic substances from inorganic ones. They must rely on an organic source of carbon that has originated as part of another living organism. Heterotrophs depend either directly or indirectly on autotrophs for nutrients and food energy.
What made you want to look up "heterotroph"? Please share what surprised you most...


HyunWook Park
I have 'a' stomachache or I have stomachache? Is 'a' necessary before stomachache or headache? If yes, why is it necessary? stomachache is not countable, is it? Thanks a lot for your help in advance! Hyunwook
Jul 3, 2015 8:37 PM
Answers · 7
it is necessary to use the article -- "stomachache" is countable in English. Note that, for medical reasons, it's only possible to have one stomach ache at a time for one person.
July 3, 2015
It isn't strictly necessary. You can say it with or without the 'a'.
July 3, 2015
Stomachache, like headache, is a countable noun in American English. In American English we almost always use a determiner (article, demonstrative pronoun, possessive pronoun) before count nouns such as these two words. And also before 'upset stomach', which is also commonly used. There is also 'bellyache', but this is informal. In fact, 'bellyache' can be used as a verb, meaning 'to complain.' This is also informal. In British English, it is spelled'stomach ache' and is a mass noun.
July 4, 2015
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Is it correct to say "A world with no borders, no time and no place."?
Why do I get the feeling that "boundaries" is a better word choice in this case? Also is it better to say "A world without borders"?
Which word combination should I use in this sentence?
The context is an attempt to explain how some companies believe in sharing educational knowledge around the world. Here is more of the paragraph:
"We see the world coming together in the virtual realm to share knowledge that will raise us all up to a higher level: A world with no borders, no time and no place, where each individual has their own special spark to contribute to the new discourse taking place."
 - 1
 I would make two small changes: remove the "up" (that will raise us all to a higher place), and remove the last two words (to contribute to the new discourse). I think that using the word place two times reads a little awkward, though it's not ungrammatical. (If you'd prefer to leave it in, you could change it to "no time and no location" - but now I'm treading dangerously close to proofreading, which is off-topic.) – J.R. Feb 25 '13 at 21:50
A world with 'no time' and 'no place' would not be a world anyone would be capable of perceiving or living in—so I assume that what you mean is no borders (or boundaries) in either or space: neither time nor space is divided by any boundaries (or borders).
Border in English generally denotes the area adjoining a boundary: the decorated edging on a piece of cloth or on a garment, or the border area alongside a national or district boundary. Border as a designation for the line separating two areas is by and large reserved for national boundaries: we speak of border crossings and border guards and the US-Canada border. The name of the French organization Medecins sans frontieres is translated Doctors Without Borders.
I think boundary probably fits your need better, unless you are writing specifically of national boundaries. In particular, we speak of boundless or unbounded freedom or opportunity, which seem to be the sort of connotations you want. And boundaries is a more sonorous word, if you are writing for the ear.
So: a world without boundaries of time or of space has a nice rhythm; alternatively, a world unbounded in time or space flows a bit quicker.
Mostly ditto on StoneyB. I'd just like to add that "no time and no place" really makes no sense in this context. "A world with no time and no place" sounds like some kind of science fiction story about a realm of disembodied minds or something. It does not indicate a lack of limitations but rather an other-worldliness.
I presume your intent is to say something like "a world not limited by time and place". But even that doesn't really make sense in context. I'm not sure whether by "no borders" you mean sharing knowledge across national borders, cultural or ethnic boundaries, across professions, etc. Or maybe you mean all of these. In a sense then, you would be removing or overcoming limitations of place. But what does this have to do with time? I don't suppose that you are sharing knowledge with the ancient Romans or with people from the future, unless these companies you are talking about have invented time travel.
Perhaps if I read the whole context this would make sense. Perhaps you explain later. If not, though, you probably want to reword this part.
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Do you feel your club is leading the way? Do you want recognition of what your committee has achieved? A stripe is accreditation in one of the following areas: Sustainability, Development, Inclusion and Community and can be awarded for fulfilling any of the suggested criteria or anything else that can be evidenced to justify the recognition.
The Sustainability stripe is awarded to clubs/societies who have: "Made an effort to reduce the carbon footprint of their society and its members. They have actively tried to operate in a sustainable manner in regards to resources and activities and in doing so (or through separate campaigns) have increased environmental awareness to their members and the wider student population." To achieve this, the club/society must meet at least three (bronze level), five (silver level) or seven (gold level) of the following criteria and must submit a form to state how they have met this:
1. Actively participated or volunteered in one of the Students' Union environmental or sustainability campaigns.
2. Made an effort to reduce their carbon footprint as a society. This could include printing less, reducing mileage and recycling more.
3. Created their own environmental campaign to inform fellow students of the importance of acting sustainably.
4. Created awareness of how society members can reduce their carbon footprint.
5. Have publicised the sustainability work that they have engaged with as a society.
6. Have assisted with delivering the Students' Union Environmental Projects
7. Supported a union policy to help improve the sustainability of the Union and all students on campus.
8. Have used the Students' Union Green & Blue Space to host a regular society meeting or a oneoff event.
9. Helped launch a new workshop or initiative as part of the Green & Blue Space
10. Taken any other steps that they feel has helped to make them more sustainable. (Please provide additional details on form)
Find out more about Earn Your Stripes here!


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128px-Padlock-olive.svg Earthbending emblem Earth Kingdom emblem
Biographical information
Earth Kingdom
Earth Kingdom
Physical description
Hair color
Personal information
Earth Kingdom
Fire Nation
Weapon of choice
Fighting style(s)
Chronological and political information
Military official
Earth Kingdom Military
First appearance
"The Avatar State"
(only appearance)
Voiced by
Daniel Dae Kim
General Fong was a powerful earthbender and a high-ranking officer in the Earth Kingdom Army. An aggressive strategist, he was well known for his unusual tactics.
Starting as an enlisted man over twenty-five years before meeting Team Avatar, Fong originally fought against the Fire Nation on the front lines where his "no fear" attitude won him high praises from his superiors. Fong worked his way up the ranks, eventually becoming an officer. He was different from the other officers, having a less formal education, but this set him apart and helped him on his path to becoming a general. Since General Fong started at such a low rank, the men under his command considered him one of their own and they were extremely loyal to him.[2]
In 100 AG, General Fong was given the responsibility of providing Aang and company an escort to the Earth Kingdom city of Omashu. Bent on stopping the Hundred Year War, during Aang's stay at his fortress, he informed Aang that if he could just trigger the Avatar State, he could defeat the Fire Lord and end the War immediately. After many failed attempts at triggering Aang's Avatar State, he decided that he would have to activate it using force by putting Aang in genuine danger. To this end, he directed his soldiers to attack the Avatar.
Aang begs Fong
Aang begged Fong to spare Katara.
The soldiers' attack on Aang did not succeed in triggering the Avatar State, so Fong fooled Aang into believing he had killed Katara by burying her underground. This caused Aang to enter the Avatar State after all, much to his satisfaction but also his fear. Afterward, General Fong was knocked unconscious by Sokka after he stubbornly thought of more plans to trigger the Avatar State.[1]
After Team Avatar learned that the firebenders would be powerless on the Day of Black Sun and told the Earth King, the Council of Five decided that the invasion of the Fire Nation would be launched from Fong's fortress.[3] However, due to the fall of Ba Sing Se,[4] General Fong was not an active participant in the invasion on the Day of Black Sun. He did, however, send some of his available troops to assist the invasion force.[5]
Avatar: The Last Airbender
Book Two: Earth (土)
 - Fong was considered one of the most aggressive generals in the Earth Kingdom Army.[6]
 - Fong was the only known general from the Earth Kingdom who was not in the Council of Five.
 6. Avatar Extras for "The Avatar State" on Nicktoons Network.
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Articles Tagged with California nursing home abuse lawyer
The prospect of filing a nursing home abuse lawsuit in San Diego County can feel daunting, especially if you are unsure about whether it makes sense to begin the process of taking action against a particular facility. The most critical thing to remember is that, if you have any suspicions about nursing home abuse or neglect, it is always a better idea to do something than to hope that your concerns are misplaced. Much too often, nursing home abuse occurs—and continues to happen—because nobody takes action to stop it. An experienced San Diego County nursing home abuse attorney can help you to understand whether you have a valid claim, and what steps you need to take in order to move forward with a lawsuit.
In the meantime, the following are some commonly asked questions about nursing home abuse claims, along with answers to help you get started.
How Does California Law Define Nursing Home Abuse?
If you are considering filing an elder abuse claim in Los Angeles County, it is important to understand how much time you have to file a lawsuit. All civil lawsuits have what is known as a "statute of limitations," which creates a time window for filing a claim. If a plaintiff does not file his or her lawsuit within that time window, the claim can become time-barred. A time-barred claim is one that is barred from being filed because the statute of limitations ran out. In some cases, it can be possible to pause the statute of limitations, which is known as tolling. In the meantime, the following is some important information about the timeline for a nursing home abuse claim.
Statute of Limitations for a Negligence Claim
Many nursing home abuse and neglect cases are filed as negligence claims under California law. Like many other personal injury lawsuits, the statute of limitations in these cases is two years under Section 335.1 of the California Code of Civil Procure. How does the statute of limitations relate to filing a claim, and when does the "clock" start ticking? In most negligence cases, including claims for injuries resulting from nursing home abuse, the clock on the statute of limitations will start to "tick" on the date of the injury, or the nursing home abuse incident.
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Iglesia Evangélica Luterana Boliviana (Bolivian Evangelical Lutheran Church) (IELB)
The Bolivian Evangelical Lutheran Church grew out of the work of the World Mission Prayer League from the USA, among Aymara Indians. In 1972, the American missionaries left the country, as the local people claimed greater participation in the decision-making bodies of the church. The Bolivian Evangelical Lutheran Church was constituted that same year. The church is composed entirely of indigenous people. It is the largest Amerindian Lutheran church on the continent.
The IELB's main priority is to promote a holistic approach to evangelism and service. The church is involved in a variety of projects: alternative agriculture, animal husbandry, provision of drinking water, educational campaigns to prevent cholera, formal education (elementary school), vocational training, and communication.


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A network to improve educator-preparation
The Learning by Scientific Design Network is a group of 10 educator-preparation programs redesigning their coursework and clinical experiences around our best scientific understanding of how students learn. Together, they're working to ensure novice teachers understand the basic principles of cognitive science and how to apply these principles during instructional decision-making.
Explore program case studies
Building congruence in Louisiana educator preparation
What does science tell us is the most effective way for humans to learn? That's the question that drove the Louisiana Resource Center for Educators (LRCE) — one of the state's oldest and largest alternative teacher-certification programs — to join the Learning by Scientific Design (LbSD) Network.
Case Study: Fighting folk pedagogies with science at UNC Charlotte
After engaging with learning science, teacher-candidates at UNC Charlotte are demonstrating significant changes in their instructional decision-making and prioritizing the complex, scientific nature of teaching.
Download our new report!
In Deepening Meaning and Learning, we highlight stories and data that answer questions at the heart of the network: What does it look like when a teacher uses learning science to design instruction and build relationships with students? How does a teacher create an environment where all students receive equal access to learning? And what are the implications for educational equity?
Connections to equity and justice
In June 2021, we hosted a webinar exploring "Transformative change: How instruction based in the science of learning advances educational justice." We spoke with experts from three sites in the LbSD Network to hear how learning science has helped them work towards equitable outcomes for all students. Click here to watch the recording. Or, watch a brief excerpt below.


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Sort your items using the Automatic Chest Sorter.
The Atlas chest sorting system works using storage minecarts and is able to move entire inventories instantly.
The storage cart can be put into one of three modes by having the cart pass over a powered activator rail with a wool block under it.
The color of the wool will change the mode of the minecart.
- Red Wool = Chest to Cart mode - Take items out of chests and put them into the minecart. (Note: currently to reduce abuse, the chest MUST be named "Input")
- Blue Wool = Cart to Chest mode - Take items out of the cart and put them into the chests.
- White Wool = Disabled mode - Returns the cart back to vanilla bahavior.
There are other settings that you can use:
- Green Wool = Leave one of each item type behind.
- Orange Wool = Don't leave any items behind.
- Yellow Wool = Leave one of each stack behind. (not implemented yet)
- Magenta Wool = Only transfer if the target already contains the same type of item.
- Brown Wool = Transfer regardless of what is in the target.
- Pink Wool = Top up existing stacks in the target. (not implemented yet)
Once you have configured the cart using the wool blocks, when the cart passes over a powered activator rail it will scan for nearby chests (2 blocks up, 2 blocks down, 1 block east, west, north, & south) and will put or take items as you have configured it.
Right click the minecart to view the current config.
It is possible (and recommened) to have a single cart in your base that performs all sorting activity,
== NEW FEATURES - NOT YET ON SERVER ==
Activator rail on Black Wool - Will search for a sign attached to the back wool block, and perform one of the following actions:
- "SetName" will rename the cart to the name specified on the second line of text on the sign.
Detector rail on Black Wool - Will search for a sign attacked to the wool block, and perform one of the following actions:
- "NameEquals" - Will activate if the carts name matches the one on the second line of the sign
- "NameContains" - Will activate if the carts name contains the text on the second line of the sign
- "NameStartsWith" - Will activate if the carts name starts with the text on the second line of the sign
- "NameEndsWith" - Will activate if the carts name ends with the text on the second line of the sign
- "CartType" - Will activate for the cart types on the second line of the sign: "Rideable", "Storage", "Explosive", "Hopper", "Spawner", "Powered"
- "HasPassenger" - Will activate if the cart has a passenger
Adding the word "not" to the thrid line on the sign will cause the output to be the opposite of what it would be normally.
Avoid having multiple signs near the wool block as it may get confused.
Activator rail on a hopper will cause minecarts to be 'killed' and deposited into the hopper.


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The Spice Lab Granulated Garlic Powder - Gluten-Free Non-GMO All Natural Spice - 5011
- USE: Garlic is widely used around the world for its pungent flavor as a seasoning or condiment.
- FLAVOR: The flavor varies in intensity and aroma with the different cooking methods.
- PAIRED: It is often paired with onion, tomato, or ginger.
- CUISINE: Garlic is a fundamental component in many or most dishes of various regions, including eastern Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, the Middle East, northern Africa, southern Europe, and parts of South and Central America.
- USE: Use in meat rubs, salad dressings, steaks, pork chops and vegetables. Sprinkle on buttered Italian bread to make garlic bread.


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Homeless people who do not get enough to eat use hospitals and emergency rooms at very high rates, according to a new study. One in four respondents to a nationwide survey reported not getting enough to eat, a proportion six times higher than in the general population, and more than two thirds of those had recently gone without eating for a whole day. The report will appear in the Journal of General Internal Medicine and has been released online.
"The study is the first to highlight the association between food insufficiency and health care use in a national sample of homeless adults," says lead author Travis P. Baggett, MD, MPH, of the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) General Medicine Division. "Our results suggest a need to better understand and address the social determinants of health and health-care-seeking behavior,"
Baggett and a team of investigators at MGH and the Boston Health Care for the Homeless Program analyzed survey data from 966 adult respondents to the 2003 nationwide Health Care for the Homeless User Survey. They found that homeless people who did not have enough to eat had a higher risk of being hospitalized in a medical or psychiatric unit than did those with enough to eat and also were more likely to be frequent users of emergency rooms. Neither relationship could be explained by individual differences in illness. Nearly half of the hungry homeless had been hospitalized in the preceding year and close to one-third had used an emergency room four or more times in the same year.
Baggett explains the study was sparked by his clinical experience caring for homeless individuals. "Homeless patients with inadequate food may have difficulty managing their health conditions or taking their medications. They may postpone routine health care until the need is urgent and may even use emergency rooms as a source of food. Whether expanding food services for the very poor would ameliorate this problem is uncertain, but it begs further study." Baggett is an instructor in Medicine at Harvard Medical School.
The senior author of the JGIM study is Nancy Rigotti, MD, MGH General Medicine. Additional co-authors are James O'Connell, MD, and Monica Bharel, MD, MGH and Boston Health Care for the Homeless; Daniel Singer, MD, MGH General Medicine, and Sowmya Rao, PhD, MGH Biostatistics. The study was supported by a grant from the Health Resources and Services Administration of the Department of Health and Human Services.
Celebrating the 200th anniversary of its founding in 1811, Massachusetts General Hospital is the original and largest teaching hospital of Harvard Medical School. The MGH conducts the largest hospital-based research program in the United States, with an annual research budget of nearly $700 million and major research centers in AIDS, cardiovascular research, cancer, computational and integrative biology, cutaneous biology, human genetics, medical imaging, neurodegenerative disorders, regenerative medicine, systems biology, transplantation biology and photomedicine.
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Hawaii's Inhumane Frog Policy
coqui frog in Hawaii
For more, see our website, _URL_.
3 thoughts on "Hawaii's Inhumane Frog Policy
 1. having been to hilo and being a frog loving resident of honolulu I would like to point out that the sounds of the coqui frog are not necessarily…cute. While I get used to them, and I personally don't mind them so much, they are certainly a deafening roar. It seems like you don't understand the gravity of how loud these things can be when they thrive. Also, it is selfish to protect nonnative species just because they are cute or favorable to some people. The fact of the matter is that all native species in Hawaii have become defenseless over thousands of years of isolation, so it is incredibly easy for invasive species to take root and destroy the natural habitat and degrade our ecosystem. It has happened too many times to count, with ants, rats, pigs, chickens, parrots, cane toads, invasive algae, strawberry guava trees, octopus trees, and so on and so forth. It is a great battle in Hawaii to protect our biodiversity, and to be honest we're loosing it. Hawaii (which also is home to some of the largest amount of endemic species on the planet) has one of the highest extinction rates in the world, because of mainly one thing: Invasive species. It is ignorant to compare coqui's to protected native organisms. While I personally love all frogs, these do not belong in Hawaii. They are malignant to the natural habitat of the islands, despite their loud night time conversations. We brought them here, and unfortunately due to our irresponsibility we are faced with the task of eradicating them before it is too late. By all means protect them where they are naturally, but please don't encourage invasive species. They are already harmful enough without your short sighted input. Sorry to be harsh. have a good day.
 2. You neglected to address the author's point about not treating them inhumanely. Why not let people transport them back to their native area if they want to? Is it really necessary to burn them with acid instead?
Comments are closed.


Sam Francis
Untitled, 1984
106.7 X 73 inch
What is Epreuvre d'Artist?
What is Epreuvre d'Artist?
Épreuve d'Artist refers to the artist's proofs in a limited edition run of prints. Artists commonly reserve a few prints for their own personal use. These are usually marked with the abbreviation E.A. for épreuve d'artist or AP for artist's proof.
Contemporary Art
Porcelain is a hard material made of clay which is primarily composed of the mineral kaolinite. It is used to make art objects and a wide range of everyday household wares such as dishes and bowls. Porcelain items are popular for painting with special glazes.
Aquagravure is a technique combining several processes; including compressing wet paper pulp in a carved wood mold until the water runs off, painting the compressed paper, adding ink to the mold to print onto the painted paper, and allowing the entire work to dry.
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Sort by: Date / Title /
You can check and compare sort orders provided by these two collations here: _URL_ _URL_ utf8_general_ci is a very simple collation. What it does - it just - removes all accents - then converts to upper case and uses the code of this sort of "base letter" result letter to compare. For example, these Latin letters: ÀÁÅåāă (and all other Latin letters "a" with any accents and in any cases) are all compared as equal to "A". utf8_unicode_ci uses the default Unicode collation element table (DUCET). The main differences are: 1. utf8_unicode_ci supports so called expansions and ligatures, for example: German letter ß (U+00DF LETTER SHARP S) is sorted near "ss" Letter Œ (U+0152 LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE OE) is sorted near "OE". utf8_general_ci does not support expansions/ligatures, it sorts all these letters as single characters, and sometimes in a wrong order. 2. utf8_unicode_ci is *generally* more accurate for all scripts. For example, on Cyrillic block: utf8_unicode_ci is fine for all these languages: Russian, Bulgarian, Belarusian, Macedonian, Serbian, and Ukrainian. While utf8_general_ci is fine only for Russian and Bulgarian subset of Cyrillic. Extra letters used in Belarusian, Macedonian, Serbian, and Ukrainian are sorted not well. +/- The disadvantage of utf8_unicode_ci is that it is a little bit slower than utf8_general_ci. So when you need better sorting order - use utf8_unicode_ci, and when you utterly interested in performance - use utf8_general_ci.
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EDEN Hot Pepper Sesame Oil is a delightful combination of the nutty flavor of toasted sesame seeds and hot spicy flavor of chili peppers. Whole sesame seeds are cleaned, slowly roasted in a rotary kiln to unlock their flavor and aroma, and placed in a screw press called an 'expeller' to extract the oil. The oil is gently filtered then infused with red hot chili peppers that soak in the oil for 24 hours. The peppers are then removed.
Most of the fat in EDEN Hot Pepper Sesame Oil is monounsaturated and polyunsaturated. Sesamol and sesamin, naturally occurring antioxidants found in sesame seeds and sesame oil, make unrefined sesame oil especially nourishing, and they act as a natural preservative in the oil. One of the most shelf stable unrefined vegetable oils.
In the tropical and semitropical areas of Asia where spices and peppers are frequently used, it was discovered that hot chili peppers could be infused into sesame oil to create a delightfully hot and spicy oil. Spices cause capillaries at the surface of the body to dilate, releasing internal heat and inducing perspiration so they have a cooling effect on the body and make it easier to adapt to hot climates. Japanese often use red pepper as a condiment for this purpose, especially during the hot summer months.
Sesame Sesamum indicum is a treasured herb native to Indonesia and Africa. It has been widely grown in tropical and subtropical Asia and in the Mediterranean region for thousands of years. The first known cultivation of sesame occurred around 3000 B.C. in the Middle East and 1600 B.C. in Egypt. The Egyptians are credited with being the inventors of sesame oil. Sesame seeds were introduced to Japan around 645 to 793 A.D. by Buddhist priests from Korea and China. Sesame oil production in Japan was recorded during the Heian Period (794 to 1191 A.D.).
Sesame plants grow about two to five feet and produce pretty purple cone shaped flowers. There are several varieties of the sesame plant that produce creamy white, brown, black, and red seeds. When ready for harvest the seeds are encased in a protective hard shell that rattles with its precious contents. The entire plant is cut off at the base of the stem and stacked in an upright position against racks and allowed to dry. While drying the capsules that hold the seed split open. The plant is turned upside down, shaken and the seeds drop onto a cloth.
It's best to avoid commercial vegetable oil that's heated above its smoke point, treated with the solvent hexane, washed with sodium hydroxide, and chemically bleached and deodorized at 400 degrees F. For delicious and nutritious unrefined oils, choose EDEN.


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Must-see before you die: Magical starling murmurations
Uncover the secrets behind this stunning natural phenomenon
On its own, the starling is somewhat unremarkable: short, thick, with dark feathers and a pointed bill. You've probably seen one or heard its chirpy song without thinking too much about it. But when they flock together, in what is called a murmuration, suddenly you're witnessing the power and fantastic mystery of the natural world.
These mesmerizing flocks can number in the hundreds of thousands, and their appearance is reminiscent of those old cartoons where birds, bugs, or fish would form a fist or something humorous. When you see them in real life, however, they form breathtaking shapes, pulsating and warping, half threatening and half mocking our laws of nature. The spatial scale of the harmonized whole, moving more quickly than our human brains are capable of, is something everyone should see before they die.
Click through to see how they've captured humans' imagination, the science behind how they pull it off (based on an article from How Stuff Works), and enjoy some incredible photos of their murmurations around the world.


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Difference Between Talk and Speak
Talk vs Speak
There are many words in the English language that are synonymous and are usually used interchangeably. Two of these are the words "talk" and "speak."
Both words pertain to the art of communicating our ideas, to verbalize words, or to express sounds. However, "talk" is more often used than the word "speak," and the proposition "to" is more frequently used than "with." An example for this is: "He wants to talk to you," although "He wants to speak to you" may also be said.
If we are to draw a line between them, the major difference between the two is that "speak" is favored in more formal occasions and is commonly used by a single person addressing a group of people. "Talk," on the other hand, is not really for formal usage, and in most cases it implies dialogue between two people, maybe more. One example of this is: "The pupils stopped talking when the Prefect of Discipline started to speak." Another example is: "He is a fan of talking to guests directly, but he is not used to speaking in front of a large crowd."
These verbs are not connected with a direct object (intransitive), but either a preposition (prepositions: about, to, with, for, etc.) or an adverbial modifier. Adverbial modifiers usually follow "talk" or "speak."
It is good to remember the following phrases when using "talk": talk back; talk sense, nonsense; talk to you later; talk something over; great talkers are little doers; now he is talking; talking about reality; talk less, act more.
It would also be good to remember these phrases when using "speak": speak many languages (speak English, German, etc.); speak up; frankly speaking; Francis is speaking with Kim on the phone; speak fluently, easy; speak for oneself; speaking of the devil; first think, then speak; speak only of the truth.
There are instances when both "speak" and "talk" can be used for both formal and informal situations. You can use the phrases: speak one on one or talk one on one. This is also a common use of words: talk personally or speak personally. Another example is: talk in secret or speak in secret.
To peg these concepts to the ground, let's cite situations in our daily experiences. Imagine a situation when someone is giving a speech to an audience, and in that audience two children are having a conversation and not listening to the speech. This is irritating the rest of the audience. We can simply say: While the minister was speaking at the meeting, two children were told to be quiet because they were talking to one another and making it difficult for people to concentrate.
1. "Talk" is most often used compared to "speak."
2. There may always be an exception to every rule. However, let us take note that the bottom line is that "speak" is used for formal address while "talk" is usually used for an informal setting.
3. A talker makes the conversation chummy or interesting while a good speaker does well when conversing to a group of people as a whole.
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The clutch assembly consists of a clutch disc, a clutch pressure plate, and a clutch release bearing. All these components are usually replaced at the same time. The clutch assembly has two key functions: it transmits power produced by the engine to the gearbox, and it allows that power to be interrupted when the clutch pedal is depressed. Power produced by the engine requires this interruption. It makes it possible to change gears and to shift into neutral at a traffic light or stop sign.
When the clutch assembly is not operating correctly, two things can happen. It either doesn't interrupt the power from the engine to the gearbox, which causes grinding sounds and difficulty in selecting gears. Or it fails to transmit the drive from the engine to the gearbox. This results in the engine "revving up" without the vehicle speed increasing. In the case of a complete failure, the engine will rev up, but the vehicle will not move. Clutch components naturally wear out. Clutch components may fail or wear due to; bad driving habits, being driven with the clutch improperly adjusted, or from exposure to oil.
To replace the clutch assembly, the driveshaft (or half shafts where applicable) and the manual transmission (gearbox) must be removed to gain access to the clutch components. New clutch components are fitted and the gearbox is then reinstalled.


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Native Americans used tea made from elderberry flowers to treat respiratory infections. They also used the leaves and flowers in poultices applied to wounds, and the bark, suitably aged, as a laxative. The berries are frequently made into beverages, pies, and preserves, but they have also been used to treat arthritis.
Elderberry-flower tea is made by steeping 3 to 5 g of dried flowers in 1 cup of boiling water for 10 to 15 minutes. A typical dosage is 1 cup 3 times daily. Standardized extracts should be taken according to the directions on the product's label.
Elderberry flowers are generally regarded as safe. Side effects are rare and consist primarily of occasional mild gastrointestinal distress or allergic reactions. Nonetheless, safety in young children, pregnant or nursing women, or those with severe liver or kidney disease has not been established.
- Reviewer: EBSCO CAM Review Board
- Review Date: 07/2012 -
- Update Date: 07/25/2012 -


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|Profiles Home > About This Site|
|The objective of the State Cancer Profiles Web site
is to provide a system to characterize the cancer burden in a standardized
manner in order to motivate action, integrate surveillance into cancer
control planning, characterize areas and demographic groups, and expose
health disparities. The focus is on cancer sites for which there are evidence
based control interventions. Interactive graphics and maps provide visual
support for deciding where to focus cancer control efforts.
The target audiences are health planners, policy makers, and cancer information providers who need quick and easy access to descriptive cancer statistics in order to prioritize investments in cancer control. Epidemiologists may find this site useful for exploring cancer statistics to identify research opportunities. The Links section provides alternative resources for cancer and health statistics. In particular, Finding Cancer Statistics _URL_ provides an introduction to cancer statistics and a guide to resources.
The Profiles Web site brings together data that are collected from public health surveillance systems by using either their published reports or public use files. The data may appear dated but it is the most recent that has completed the national data synthesis and quality assurance processes. Many states provide Web sites with just their state's data. This data may be more recent or in more detail than can be provided nationally.
|U.S. Department of Health and Human Services||National Institutes of Health||National Cancer Institute||USA.gov|


5 Elements to Be Included in Your Project Proposal Cover
5 Elements to Be Included in Your Project Proposal Cover
Let's say you know how to mobilize fund for your NGO and are ready to intrigue the donor with your great proposal; however, you stumbled on your proposal cover and don't know what to include, happens a lot right?
Well, here's the answer; in this article, you'll find the 5 essential elements to include in your proposal cover and finally, you can cross this task from your to-do list.
Making the right proposal cover is crucial to maximizing your chances of getting a donor's fund; the main elements to be included are:
 1. The Name of the Project
 2. Date of Submission
 3. Your NGO Name and Logo
 4. Donor's Name and Logo
 5. Proposed Period for Implementation.
 1. The Name of the Project
Usually, we choose the name of the project after finishing writing the proposal and before sending it to the donor. Due to the importance of the project's name, you should take enough time to think and be convinced by the name as it gives the first impression to the donor and it might increase their focus on the project and prepare them to accept it. Therefore, we advise the proposal writer to choose a good name, taking into consideration the following points:
 - Consistent
 That means the name should be consistent with the project and represent what the project is actually about. Don't name your project "Urgent Medical Aidswhen your project is in fact about delivering food.
 Don't come up with a tricky name just so the donor considers your proposal, because if they did and they found out that the proposal isn't consistent with what they read in the cover, then you are risking not only the refusing of your proposal, but the probability of not being considered for any of your future proposals; and that's a huge cost for such an easy task to consider.
"Don't come up with a tricky name just so the donor considers your proposal"
 - Mentions the Field
 That means the field which the project belongs to such as FoodHealthWater, or any other field or cluster that your proposal falls in.
 The reason you need to do that is because donors often are looking for some fields and not considering others, so if your proposal is within the field that they are funding, then your chances of getting funding is bigger; however, if your proposal isn't, then it'll be hard, if not impossible, to get that funding from that donor.
 - Mentions the Area
 This is important because some donors are interested in some areas more than others, possibly due to an urgent need to cover or because no one is working there and the donor was waiting for someone to come up and do the work there. Many reasons can confirm the importance of mentioning the area so do it; it won't take that long anyway!
 - Brief
 It is preferred not to exceed 6-10 words, and it can be one sentence that consists of one or two parts. The first part consists of 2 to 4 words then (:) then the second, 4-6 words.
 Make sure though it delivers the needed elements like the ones stated above; also ensure it conveys the project and gives a clear picture of what it is.
"Include the field that your proposal belongs to because donors often are looking for specific fields and not considering others"
Examples of the implemented projects' names by local and international organizations:
 - Sanitation Project: Improving sanitation, water, hygiene in Alsood and Alsoodah.
 - Yemen at a Crossroads: Enhance good governance in Yemen.
 - Emergency Response Project for education services in Taiz and Aden
 - Empowerment Project for Local Development in Addis Ababa.
 - Emergency Medical Services Project in Accra.
"It is preferred not to exceed 6-10 words in the title, and it can be one sentence consists of one or two parts"
2. Date of Submission
That is the date of submitting the project to the donor. It's preferred to include it on the project so the donor can see the priority of timing; therefore, the older proposals will be addressed and reviewed first, followed by the new ones, which ensure that you get a response from the donor in accordance with your submission date.
It's also useful to see whether or not the proposal falls in a certain period of time, wherein the donor called for proposals within, or whether it was outside of that period. As such, it should be treated differently.
3. Your NGO's Name and Logo:
Evidently, you should submit your NGO's name; after all, you need to be addressed by the donor and get the funding under your NGO's name if your proposal gets approved.
On the other hand, the name is important for the donor as well to check whether or not both of you have a previous relationship, and if so, how was it? That could shorten a huge amount of time and effort in reviewing and assessing.
 "Having a previous relationship with the donor could shorten a huge amount of time and effort in reviewing and assessing"
For the logo, if your NGO has one, then make sure to put it near your name so the donor recognizes your organization even If the viewer didn't read your NGO's name, as they say, "A picture is worth a thousand words".
If your NGO doesn't' have a logo, it's highly recommended to get one before sending that proposal; your logo should be uniqueconveys your message, and looks trustworthyAfter all, it's your NGO visual message to the viewer.
4. Donor's Name and Logo::
As we mentioned in the previous point, it's important to include your NGO's name and logo, but why would you include the donor's name and logo? At the end the proposal, will be delivered to them anyway right?
Well, yes and no; yes, the proposal should be delivered to the donor, but no, you don't want to omit their name and logo. First of all, because it ensures that the proposal is in the right place.
Second, it delivers the message that you are applying specifically for that donor after going through their qualifications and conditions; thus, you send it to them exclusively and you're not targeting multiple donors with the same proposal, hoping that one of them will just say: "Yes here's the money!" It doesn't work that way, at least we've never heard of such a thing.
"Including the donor's name and logo ensures that the proposal is in the right place"
5. Proposed Period for Implementation:
The period during which the organization proposes to implement the project, you can write it like this (From:1st January 2019 to 31st December 2019), this (1st Jan. 2019 – 31st Dec. 2019), or this (1/1/2019 – 31/12/2019), the moral here is that it's clear and concise.
The reason you need to indicate the project's supposed period is so that the donors can decide whether or not they are interested, because some donors prefer short period projects that can be assessed quicker to determine your NGO capacity and ability of implementation, especially if your NGO is still young or if the relationship itself is still in the early stage with that donor. Another reason can be if the donor is interested in long period projects that can leave a long-term impact on society.
"Some donors prefer short-term projects that can be assessed quicker; others prefer long-term projects that leave an impact on society."
If you don't know what period your proposal have and you are still contemplating, then if your NGO still young and you don't have much accomplishments in the past, then consider a tiny budget project with a shorter period of time. However, if your NGO is large and you've accomplished a lot with this donor or others, you can propose a larger budget and a long-term project that can leave a significant impact on society.
Of course, either period of time
 can be changed based on what occurs during the implementation phase, either in decreasing or increasing the timeframe; you just need to contact your donor first to update them with your progress and to discuss and get the approval for the new time period.
Your proposal cover needs to include the name, date of submission, your NGO name and logo, the donor's name and logo and the proposed period for implementation.
Including these five elements in your proposal cover can maximize your chance to get selected and secure the funding for your project.
We hope you know now what to include in your proposal cover. If so, we'd like you to consider Portal365 to write that proposal.
Writing proposals is difficult and frustrating; that's why we created Portal365 to help you to write better proposals in a shorter time. Give it a try, and start now for FREE!
If you have any inquires or topics you'd like us to discuss, then let's have a conversation.
Good luck, and have a great time.
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In the music of India, rhythms are structured and arranged in a highly complex and comprehensive manner. All the patterns played on the mrdangam or any percussion instrument can be recited vocally using a special vocabulary of phonetic syllables known as solkattu (sol = syllable, kattu = bunch, group). Konnakkol, the art of reciting and performing solkattu, is believed by many music scholars to be the most comprehensive and most highly developed approach to learning and mastering rhythm.
Professor Sankaran has published a book, The Art of Konnakkol which is complete guide to this dynamic spoken art form. Please click here for more info or to order the book.
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Russell Harvard, Deaf Actor in 'Mockingbird,' Breaks Ground in Broadway Casting
The theater is all about artifice; it's in the DNA: The lights are brighter and colored than in real life; the actors' voices are louder than normal—assuming you are not near someone having an all-too-intimate cellphone conversation. Up close, their makeup is often grotesque. Their posture is different: They face toward the audience when it suits them. Even the most well-appointed kitchen-sink drama—the epitome of realism—has that pesky lack of a fourth wall. In fact, members will suspend their disbelief for just about anything. Puppeteers on stage with their hand up a puppet's butt.
Russell Harvard in To Kill a Mockingbird
Russell Harvard plays Link Deas in the current Broadway production of "To Kill a Mockingbird," using sign language to get visceral effects. Julieta Cervantes
And the audience pretty much accepts that.
Now, it seems they will even accept a deaf person in hearing role.
Russell Harvard, a deaf actor who plays Boo Radley and Link Deas—who are hearing characters—in the current Broadway production of To Kill a Mockingbird, based on the novel by Harper Lee, has been making inroads toward that end in recent years. Last season, he played Cornwall opposite Glenda Jackson in King Lear on Broadway. In these roles, Harvard has had a speaking and signing interpreter with him on stage. As Cornwall, in his most dramatic moments, Harvard even spoke his own lines.
'Hey, Boo!'
Moving Harvard into Mockingbird required no rewriting per se. A few speeches were switched around, Harvard says, "but nothing major. Some lines were cut and pasted to where they needed to go and where they needed to come out."
From an acting standpoint, it was just like preparing for most other roles. "Boo is not simplified," Harvard says. "He is a little on the spectrum, so we assume he is a little autistic. They probably didn't have a word for autistic or autism. So they just labeled him 'crazy.' But he likes to work with his hands a lot. He is very tactile. He made dolls. It wouldn't make sense for him to stand there and be neutral with his hands down. So he's fidgeting with his hands."
As an audience member at Lear, I found an interpreter onstage at first a little disconcerting—but just a little and only for a couple of minutes. I had been given no advance word that anything unusual would be done. That it worked so well speaks to Harvard's ability and his belief in the value of different—I wouldn't use the word disabled loosely here—actors in theater.
First of all, talking with Harvard is a treat for the senses. He will speak and sign to the translator and he will sign, sometimes simply but at other times expansively. You don't always know where to look, but anywhere is probably correct. And signing can be a very pretty language to follow.
Magnificent Obsession
Harvard got the acting bug early, while watching the movie versions of The Wizard of Oz and The Neverending Story. And later he saw his cousin act in a student play: "My cousin, who was deaf, played the Wicked Witch of the West at the deaf school. As a person, she is the opposite of the witch. And I was like: Oh my god! She can play the witch?
"I was enthralled and inspired. I saw her three times, and I was like, Oh yeah, I am down.
"For some reason I have been drawn to villainous characters—maybe in my past life I was a bad person," he says and laughs. "You don't want to be a bad guy in real life but in the stories and movies I've watched it seems like a lot of fun. I was always fascinated by the Wicked Witch of the West even though she frightened me."
Once the obsession took hold, it never let go.
"I wanted to do a Christmas play, [about] Santa Claus lost in Oz—and I did!' he says. "I asked if I could play the witch. And they said, 'No you're a boy, and the witch is a girl.' I said I could be a boy wit—and it worked out.
"We had three sequels: third grade, fourth grade and fifth grade. I finally got the nerve to tell a classmate I wanted to play a female witch. And my father for the first time came and saw the show."
And after the show, Harvard's father went up to Russell and asked, "Why? Why are you playing a girl?"
"Because I want to," he answered.
Usually, parents get a crestfallen look when their child says they want to be an actor or just work in the theater. But Harvard makes it clear that he never really felt like an outcast growing up: "I had a great childhood, school experience. We embraced each other." But still, at least at that time, Harvard was not thinking of a career, which was a good bet given the famously high unemployment rates in the business.
"I never thought I would do I would do it professionally in my life. I had an inkling. But I told myself you know it might not happen. So I should be prepared. I should have a backup plan. I thought I would teach theater."
Harvard was in and out of school, working toward a teaching degree. He worked with preschoolers in Alaska. He decided to go back to school and drove from Alaska to Washington, D.C., and immediately had an audition for There Will Be Blood. And eventually he got the very visible role of H.W., Daniel Day-Lewis' adopted son. Scott Rudin, producer of To Kill a Mockingbird, was the producer for the movie.'
Grand Gestures
Acting in your own language at a high level is difficult enough, but acting in two languages, often simultaneously, poses a host of other complications. For one, American Sign Language has its own syntax. Harvard's parents were deaf, so, like many native speakers—in any language—he did not take grammar lessons in ASL. This can cause some communications problems, not to mention acting problems—actors can't be reading lips and following ASL at all times—so Harvard adjusts depending on the role.
Harvard can hear some things with a hearing aid. Obviously, rehearsal helps a lot, he says, "you get used to it." He hears some actors very well; Ed Harris (Atticus Finch) is "perfectly clear." Some deaf actors, he says, will have cue lights off stage. For Mockingbird. Harvard chose not to memorize the English text, preferring to just go with ASL. In some plays, he will take out his hearing aid entirely, but on this production he is taking the challenge to hear because the audience responds to the English text.
Using a hearing aid, he says, is not for hearing English words, it is for hearing what is necessary in the ambient environment: a sound or a silence that serves as a cue or a motivation the helps him create his performance.
With an all-deaf or mostly deaf cast, the dynamic changes versus show with a heterogeneous mix of actors. "Because ASL is very pictorial," Harvard says, "the audience will hear the line and see the sign and they'll be like, 'Oh, it's very poetic. It's art.'"
The trick in signing, as in speaking, a line is to convey a greater meaning. "You don't just say the line. You translate the meaning and make it [visually] into art." So signs become larger or smaller to match the emotions of the text.
Harvard cites and demonstrates a speech Link has in Mockingbird, his arms and hands gesturing grandly—this creates a visceral effect above and beyond anything that the words can communicate: "Link talks about what happens to [the defendant Tom Robinson], how something happened to his left arm. And I explain how it happened very pictorially, and people see how it happened. ASL is a three-dimensional language, compared to a spoken language."
This, Harvard says, makes a strong case for deaf actors. "I read a quote once: 'If I am making an effort to communicate and you feel like you are having a hard time, then who are you to call me disabled?' It's like the other way around." This theme is explored in plays like Equus and Children of a Lesser God, that seemingly disabled people actually live richer lives than so-called normal people.
Wish List
Harvard actually feels that Children, which featured Phyllis Frelich, a deaf actress, working with John Rubinstein, a hearing actor would be better served if it was done all in sign language. Instead of having James (Rubinstein's hearing character) repeat Sarah's (Frelich) words. Because, he says, watching it as a deaf person, "was so tiring and so challenging. They could take out the lines and put them somewhere else. They could use supertitles. I wish there was more of that."
He goes on to say, "I would love to have an all-deaf cast of Rent. Or like in Spring Awakening having Melchior played by a deaf person" with someone else singing his songs. He would also like to play Frank N. Furter in The Rocky Horror Show: "I would love all the main characters to be played by deaf people and the Transylvanians would be hearing, singing for us. But there is another theater that has the rights to it for now. It's never been done in ASL, not since 1975."
Thunderbolt Enlightening


- EMG;
 - hyperoxia;
 - interval sprint;
 - lactate;
 - power output;
 - reactive oxygen species;
 - swimming
This investigation tested the hypothesis that breathing oxygen-enriched air (FiO2=1.00) during recovery enhances peak (Ppeak) and mean power (Pmean) output during repeated high-intensity exercise. Twelve elite male swimmers (21 ± 3 years, 192.1 ± 5.9 cm, 79.1 ± 8.2 kg) inhaled either hyperoxic (HOX) or normoxic (NOX) air during 6-min recovery periods between five repetitions of high-intensity bench swimming, each involving 40 maximal armstrokes. Oxygen partial pressure (pO2) and saturation (SO2), [H+], pH, base excess and blood lactate concentration were measured before and after all intervals. The production of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) hydrogen peroxide was measured before, directly after and 15 min after the test. Ppeak and Pmean with HOX recovery were significantly higher than with NOX throughout the third, fourth and fifth intervals (P<0.001–0.04). With HOX, electromyography activity was lower during the third, fourth and fifth intervals than during the first (P=0.05–0.001), with no such changes in NOX (P=0.99). There were no differences in blood lactate, pH, [H+] or base excess and ROS production at any time point with either HOX or NOX recovery. These findings demonstrate that the Ppeak and Pmean of elite swimmers performing high-intensity intervals can be improved by exposure to oxygen-enriched air during recovery.


Tag: atom
Calculation of edge length and radius of atom.
Calculate the radius of copper atom if it crystallise in face centred cubic lattice and has a density of 8.93 g / cm cube. Solution Structure given = fcc For fcc, Z = 4 Density, d = 8.93 Molar mass, M = 63.55 Avogadro number = 6.2×10^23 Use the given formula In
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Atomic models
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what is valency? how to calculate it?
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Data Bars – Feedback Please
Todayâ€™s author: Scott Ruble, the program manager who leads the charting and visualization efforts in Excel. Scott is looking for some feedback on potential changes to data bar behaviour.
Excel 2007 has a conditional formatting feature that graphically displays bars in a cell to represent the value of the cell. This feature is called Data Bars. You can see an example of this by using the following steps:
 1. In Excel 2007, enter 1, 2, 3 in cells A1, A2, and A3 respectively.
 2. Select cells A1:A3.
 3. From the â€œHomeâ€ tab, click on the â€œConditional Formattingâ€ button and select one of the â€œData Barâ€ color options.
You should get something that looks like the following.
For future releases of Excel, we are assessing making some modifications to how Data Bars are displayed, and we would like to get some feedback from the community.
For each of the four sample data sets below, please leave a comment and describe how you would like to see the bars displayed. Please consider things such as bar length, differentiation between the bars, color, fill and other aspects you feel are important. For bar length, you can represent this by typing vertical bars in the blog comments to represent each unit of length. For example, using the 1, 2, 3 data set from above, this could be shown as:
Or you can just describe your thoughts using words â€" whatever makes the most sense. Thanks for your time and thoughts.â€ƒ
Scenario 1 â€" data values contain a zero
Scenario 2 â€" data values are spaced far apart
Scenario 3 â€" data values are closely spaced
Scenario 4 â€" data values contain a negative number


Welcome to's interactive data pages!
These pages contain maps, graphs, tables and other kinds of visualizations related to a topic. You can use the filters at the top or click anywhere on the visualizations to update the data displayed on the page. For questions, feedback, or to request the data behind the visualizations, please email
Source: Georgia Department of Public Health, OASIS Web Query Tool, Mortality Measures, Notes: White and Black figures do not equal total number in every case due to the presence of other minorities not included in either racial category. The Hispanic number is not included in the total because persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Death Rate = [Total Deaths / Total Population] X 100,000; Infant Death Rate = [Deaths less than 1 yr. of Age / Total Live Births] X 1,000. Rank: 1 = lowest. When counties share the same rank, the next lower rank is omitted. Because of rounded data, counties may have identical values shown, but different ranks. Top five causes of death shown in bar chart. See website for mortality definitions, -- Used instead of a rate when the number of events is greater than 0 and less than 5.


Connexion utilisateur
Interface language
Diaspora link
Facebook link link
Twitter link
Conflict line
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Name: Conflict line
Time: Minimum 15 minutes
Goal or purpose of the exercise:
To have an experience on how we deal with conflict or how we often think about violence as a solution to solve a problem. An exercise to begin to question our militaristic mindset and challenge ourselves to find nonviolent and win-win solutions.
How it's done/facilitator's notes:
The facilitator asks people to form two rows of an equal number of people facing one another. Then ask them to reach out to the person across from them to make sure they know who they will be relating to. Tell them that there is an invisible line between them. Ask the pairs to reach across the line, shake hands and hold. The only instruction is: 'Get the other person over to your side.' Then: 'Now!'
 - what happened?
 - What was the automatic response to the instruction and 'now!'?
NOTICE: many of us have a tendency to react with violence, to struggle with physical force, that suggest violence as the first, perhaps only, option.
 - Do we have militaristic mindset?
 - Who 'won'?
 - Did anyone talk about alternative solutions?
 - Was there any pair where both won?
 - How might that happen? How could they both follow the instructions?
Possible win-win solutions: the pairs exchange places or they go first to one side and then the other
 - What if pairs were men and women?
 - Who would 'win' in such a set-up? In same-sex pairs, there is significant doubt in advance of who will 'win' if the option is physical force; in male-female set-up, less doubt, some degree of certainty as to who will win if force is the solution
 - This is the situation in which you will likely find yourself; the 'female' up against the armed military or security 'male'; violence is not a logical tool to use
 - What solutions might be attempted?


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Water quality and quantity needs are intensifying
Water iconMeeting basic human and ecological needs for water, improving water quality, eliminating overdraft of groundwater and reducing the risks of political conflict over shared water require fundamental changes in water management and use.
What can businesses do?
New financial models are necessary to develop management solutions for water users and dependents on the ground; business cannot do this in isolation. Supply network design needs to consider resources, such as water quality and availability, in making decisions over location and capacity. Investment in water infrastructure and other interventions can help secure long-term productivity while safeguarding landscape-scale operations and maintaining reputation. Appropriate water management would secure water dependencies to ensure the long-term supply of resources that underpin the economy and profitability of business.
Dr Gemma Cranston
Senior Programme Manager