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I programmed a simulation model that uses lot's (~1e8) small objects, stored in std::map. These number objects increases as the simulation progresses in time. The model naturally uses a lot of ram, but according to my calculation is uses much more than expected, at least double. I tried to profile the program with both massif and by overloading the allocation functions. Both profiles give me expected memory usage, but as said, resident memory usage (linux) is much higher than the total allocated memory according to the profiles.
- I checked for memory leaks, but according to the profiles, and memcheck there are no leaks.
- I considered memory fragmentation, and tried to use boost's pool allocator, which helps somewhat, but not a lot (about 10%). I tried to use large pools (nestsize=10MB), which increases initial memory usage a lot, but final memory usage is somewhat less.
- I build an 'early garbarge' collector which periodically erases a lot of objects that are stricktly speaking not needed anymore from the maps. But although this should reduce the number of objects with a factor 5 or so it reduces resident memory usage only by about 15%, but does increase computational times tremendously (10 times or so without the pool allocator. With the pool allocator it seems to be better).
- I tried to double the size of the small objects by including dummy variables, and that does increase memory usage, but only by about 20%.
Right now I am a bit puzzled where the large overhead comes from. Any suggestions for what It could be would be welcome. And especially, I would like to know how I could make it visible in the memory profiles.
I'ts not surprising that your program takes up more memory than just your small objects. A map is typically implemented as a tree structure, so there will be overhead for the key and pointers to nodes. If your objects are really small, the overhead may be more than the objects.
Storing 1 million structs of 2 integers in a map uses 126,000K on my system. Storing the same in a vector uses only 60,000K
If you overloaded the allocation functions for your small objects, the map overhead would not show up there. Nor would it show as a memory leak.
Thanks for the reply, I considered that, but I think there is more happening. Let me give an example of a short run which I profiled. (My final runs run out of memory on a system with 64 GB ram)
Resident memory use 340 MB
Estimated number of objects 0.8e6
Average size of small objects is 32 bytes (about 3 doubles and an a 64 bit pointer).
Map overhead 3 integers, plus a double which is used for sorting, makes it 64 bytes/stored small object
Estimated memory usage 64*0.8e6~=54mb
Sum of memory allocated with new and new ~= 35mb, not far from the estimated 54 mb, but what is the other 300 mb used for?
Similarly, a longer run which uses ~800 mb resident memory shows only 150 mb total in the profiling graph.
Anyway, my biggest question is why, when I erase a large part of the objects in the maps, does the memory usage only go down about 10%. That made me think that the data in the maps is only a small fraction of the memory usage, but I can't work out what than is using the memory.
Well, I wouldn't expect resident memory usage to go down fast just because you stopped using some of it. Just because the program isn't using it at that second, the OS doesn't know it won't again, and so it might keep a fair amount of it reserved for the program.
Sorry I cannot help you much more.
On Linux, with a simple test program, the VM size and RSS do not go down after the map is populated and then cleared. But, on subsequent population/clearing, the memory usage does not go up. The program reserves the memory, and reuses it (as Lindley suggested). On Linux, the memory usage is about what you'd expect using your calculations about object size and map overhead so, without seeing your source code, I don't know about the extra 300Mb that your program is using.
Thank you both for your answers.
Lindley, I was aware of that, but when I delete a bunch of objects, on subsequent generation of objects the resident memory shouldn't go up or not as much. But it does. As far as I know only severe memory fragmentation could cause that, or what I deleted was really only small compared to what was allocated, meaning that not the data but something else is using a lot of ram.
I did a bit more testing. If I add a large array of zeros to one of the objects, resident memory use goes up about 17 mb, the memory profiler shows the same increase of 17 mb, when I implement this array as an std::map memory usage goes up 137 mb but the profiler shows only an increase of 103 mb. So theres seems to be a 'hidden' cost in using map, but it is percent wise much smaller than the 'hidden' cost in the model. I did vary the map size, and the hidden cost is about 30% of the total size.


Empathy is a double edge sword: or why I am anti social and fat
I have noticed that me and my sons are sensitive to a myriad of energies and effect them as well. For instance, I can not wear watches, they stop working after a few weeks of wear. I sense tiny amount of electricity in the air, water and machines that others do not perceive and these stimuli really affect my mood.
It seems common for HSP to feel at peace in nature much more than urban settings. I know I sense many of the waves and vibrations that are carried by the air, these are not limited to sound, they include magnetic, heat, light, wind, smell, people, and other fields which I am not able to name. In the city or in the office most of these fields are now constantly influenced by technological pulses. Wireless communications systems use the air waves and I do believe those of us who are very sensitive are affected by them.
Can this be a form of pollution? When we are in the city my kids and I do not like being outside, we become overwhelmed very quickly. But as soon as we are in nature, we calm down. I think that part of the answer is that we can easily sync with natural waves and fields and that in such settings we no longer sense the technological and pollution layers that are so intensely packed in cities.
I was noticing yesterday while out with the kids that the wind was hurting my skin… That is what being overwhelmed means. pain, intense vibratory pain either coming from external environmental stimuli and seeping to the core of the being or visa versa, coming from the core via chemical internal stimuli (food sensitivity, organs overwhelmed by pollution) seeping all the way out to the outer layer of ourselves. And when stressed, this energy travels into the air and can be sensed by others, and enter them as a form of environmental pollutant. In my experience, stress in others affect me to the core of my being as the negative chemical released in the body of a stressed individual translates into a negative or different vibration rhythm in their body that I sense very strongly. And when I sense it, it hurts, the pain is intense and I have to physically move away from the person.
Empathy is a double edge sword. In a peaceful space, it is awesome, but in a stressful environment, which I find most social setting to be (Work, family reunion, when we work too much, etc) sensing stress can drive me to deep levels of depression if I do not stop the input.
When younger I tried anti depressants, they did nothing but completely numb me and did not help as it did not help me deal or understand the source of the depression. It eliminated my ability to sense, rendering me "blind" in every day life.
Recently, I discussed this with my doctor and he has prescribed and social anxiety drug. The drug is a pain-killer not a mood altering substance. The difference is incredible. I can still sense the world around me but my sensitivities are reduced and I do not feel as much pain, which in turn helps me sense and analyze what is overwhelming me instead of not being able to sense it at all.
One thing which really astonished me to this day is how much I and my kids can mirror and mimic how others perceive us. When someone believes I am stupid, I become that stupid individual, When I am surrounded by angry people I enact "angry-ness", even if I am not angry. When my kids are around someone who thinks they are weird, they immediately become agitated, use incoherent speech. If me or my husband are stressed, the kids immediately show it….. empathy is a double edge sword… it can be wonderful… or hell…
Scientists have demonstrated the existence of Mirror Neuron in humans: According to Wikipedia:
This neuron is key to empathy and seems to me that HSP exist to help this world move towards what Jeremy Rifkin calls an empathic civilization:
and what Matthew Taylor believes may be 21st century enlightenment
"Sensed" empathy explains why sensitive people may seem weird to others…. as most people are completely unaware of how their energy affect others. So we learn to compensate, but not in positive ways. I always have a laptop in front of me when in a meeting in order to create an energy barrier between me and others. I never used to be able to look at people in the eye as what I sensed was too intimate, to the core of their being and often very negative and draining. Same with my sons, they can't yet filter, so they have a very difficult time in unknown social settings and busy settings. My eldest is learning strategies to cope, my little one does not have that control yet.
I am learning to listen to my senses in a positive way and to eliminate negative inputs. I am trying to help my kids learn how to do so as well. But one day in the social world and we come home exhausted….. this social exhaustion is hard to explain to others….. and it affects us physically, if we don't rest a lot, we get sick and fatter….
Some insight into how sensitive we all are may be a way to reduce obesity. According to WebEd, scientist are starting to understand that:
Turns out that fat is a defense mechanism. According to another article from dlife.com:
it has also been noticed that fat people have less toxin in organs than skinny people. HSP can not handle the same amount of pollution in the bodies than others so, the body uses its natural defense mechanism to filter out as much of it as possible with fat so that it does not reach organs.
According to this article on detoxification:
This means more toxins are stored in fat cells and that bigger fat cells are needed to store them.The article "the detox process" explains how the body copes very well.
So… a lot to re-learn on the health front, but boy is it worth it….. I cope by limiting social interactions until I am comfortable with the energy of the people involved…. It helps a lot.
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Uses of Hand-Helds in the
Command Post of the Future
As part of DARPA's
Command Post of the Future
program, the CMU group is working on components for a Command Post
Information Environment that will provide new ways to collaborate
with each other and to interact with supporting information assets and
sources. The Pebbles part of this project is focusing on how handhelds can be
used to access information and control devices. The results so far from
the Pebbles part include:
- Private Drill-Down of Public
Information: Using visualizations of the CPOF maps, we have
investigate the issues around how handhelds can be used for people in
the command post to annotate, investigate and edit the shared maps and
the information behind them. This research has integrated the software
from MayaVis (visualizations), the CMU multimodal group (speech
gestures, handwriting recognition, etc.), and Pebbles (handhelds) into
Commander: Techniques for using handhelds to control
PowerPoint presentations, including seeing a picture and the notes of
the current slide, using the handheld to annotate slides, etc.
Techniques for using handhelds to control other applications running
on the PC.
- Laser Pointers Interactions: An important part
of the vision of the Command Post of the Future is the use of laser
pointers. We have performed a variety of studies on how to make these
more effective. One promising result shows that "snarfing"
(copying) the area around the pointer dot to the handheld,
performing the edits on the handheld, and then copying the results
back works much better than trying to interact solely with the laser
- Collaboration and Turn-taking: When multiple
people are sharing a single large display, it can be confusing and
awkward to take turns controlling and annotating. In addition to the
laser pointer work, we have also studied fundamental issues of
"floor control" (who has control) as well as various ways
that handhelds can help.
All of these are described in various publications
When the main display shows a large map (Figure 1), the
handheld can be used to annotate and investigate various scenarios (Figure
2) or to drill-down to investigate in detail in a table (Figure 3).
Figure 1: PC Screen
Figure 2: PDA Screen
Figure 3: PDA drill-down table
The part of the Pebbles project research on using handhelds
in the Command Post of the Future is funded by:
This research was performed in connection with Contract
number DAAD17-99-C-0061 with the U.S. Army Research Laboratory. The
views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the
authors and should not be interpreted as presenting the official
policies or position, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Army
Research Laboratory or the U.S. Government unless so designated by
other authorized documents. Citation of manufacturer's or trade names
does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use
thereof. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute
reprints for Government purposes notwithstanding any copyright
All of the many Pebbles
publications acknowledge the DARPA funding of this research. Of
particular relevance to the CPOF program are the following publications:
Myers, Herb Stiel, and Robert Gargiulo. "Collaboration Using
Multiple PDAs Connected to a PC." Proceedings CSCW'98: ACM
Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, November 14-18,
1998, Seattle, WA. pp. 285-294. Postscript
- Brad A. Myers. "Using Hand-Held Devices and PCs Together,"
Communications of the ACM. Volume 44, Issue 11. November, 2001. pp. 34 - 41.
Brad A. Myers, Rishi Bhatnagar, Jeffrey Nichols, Choon Hong Peck,
Dave Kong, Robert Miller, and A. Chris Long. "Interacting At a Distance: Measuring the Performance of Laser Pointers and Other
Devices." Proceedings CHI'2002: Human Factors in Computing Systems. Minneapolis, Minnesota, April 20-25, 2002.
pp. 33-40. Adobe
- Brad A. Myers, Choon Hong Peck, Jeffrey Nichols, Dave Kong, and
Robert Miller, "Interacting At a Distance Using Semantic Snarfing," ACM UbiComp'2001, Sept 30 - Oct 2, 2001, Atlanta,
Georgia. pp. 305-314. Adobe
- Choon Hong Peck, "Useful Parameters for the
Design of Laser Pointer Interaction Techniques." ACM
CHI'2001 Student Posters. Seattle, WA. March 31-April 5, 2001. pp. 461-462.
- Brad A. Myers. "Using Multiple Devices Simultaneously for Display
and Control." IEEE Personal Communications
special issue on "Networking the Physical World." vol. 7, no. 5, Oct. 2000. pp. 62-65.
- Brad A. Myers, Robert C. Miller, Benjamin Bostwick, and
"Extending the Windows Desktop Interface With Connected Handheld Computers," 4th USENIX Windows Systems Symposium,
August 3-4, 2000, Seattle, WA. pp. 79-88.
Adobe Acrobat (pdf).
- Brad Myers,
"The Pebbles Project: Using PCs and Hand-held Computers Together;
Demonstration Extended Abstract." Adjunct Proceedings
CHI'2000: Human Factors in Computing Systems. April 1-6, 2000. The
Hague, The Netherlands. pp. 14-15.
- Karen Cross,
Adrienne Warmack, and Brad Myers. "Lessons Learned: Using
Contextual Inquiry Analysis to Improve PDA Control of
Presentations". Submitted for Publication. postscript
- Brad A. Myers. An
Implementation Architecture to Support Single-Display Groupware.
Carnegie Mellon University School of Computer Science Technical
Report, no. CMU-CS-99-139 and Human Computer Interaction Institute
Technical Report CMU-HCII-99-101. May, 1999. Available in postscript
- Brad A. Myers, Jeff Nichols, Rob Miller.
"User Interfaces that Span Hand-Held and Fixed Devices"
Workshop on Distributed and Disappearing User Interfaces in
Ubiquitous Computing at CHI'2001, Seattle, WA.
Albrecht Schmidt, Peter Ljundgstrand, and Anind Dey, editors.
University of Karlsruhe Faculty of Information Technical Report
2001-6. ISSN _PHONE_.
Brad A. Myers. "Collaboration Using Multiple PDAs Connected to a PC,"
Workshop on Shared Environments to Support Face-to-Face Collaboration at
CSCW'2000, Philadelphia, PA.
Brad A. Myers, Yu Shan A. Chuang, Marsha Tjandra, Mon-chu Chen, and Chun-Kwok Lee. "Floor Control in a Highly Collaborative Co-Located
Task." Submitted for Publication. pdf
Article about the Pebbles CPOF work:
John Zyskowski, "Handhands in a new world order," Federal
Computer Week, March 18, 2002.
Back to the Pebbles main page.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Many people are confused about the pros and cons of daggerboards versus keels. As with everything, there are advantages and disadvantages. Here are my thoughts on the pros and cons of dagger-boards:
 - A daggerboarded cat will sail consistently higher into the wind than a cat with keels. Typically between 5 to 7 degrees higher. This added speed and pointing ability represents a significant safety feature when cruising because it enables you to claw off a lee shore or to arrive at an upwind destination with far greater alacrity. Sometimes you cannot "run for cover" – you must "beat for cover."
 - A daggerboarded cat, all things being equal, will sail at least 2 knots faster, on average, than a catamaran with keels simply because it isn't carrying the enormous fixed hydrodynamic drag (i.e. wetted surface) of two long and deep fixed keels. This added speed is a significant safety feature for long-range cruising. Not only are long passages cut shorter, reducing exposure to adverse weather, but should one encounter adverse weather it is much easier to either run from it or avoid it entirely with proper weather routing. A faster boat always increases one's options, and therefore increases safety, when cruising.
 - A daggerboarded cat typically draws 2 to 2.5 feet less water than a cat with keels. As such, the sailing grounds and potential anchorages available to a cat with daggerboards are considerably larger than those available to a keel cat.
 - In extremely severe seas daggerboards enable the skipper to adjust the balance of his catamaran by raising and lowering the boards. When sailing in large cross-seas you typically raise the leeward daggerboard entirely and lower the windward board half-way to prevent being tripped over by a breaking wave. A keel cat is stuck with the keels down, all the time – as such, there is no way to prevent the boat from "tripping over herself" in storm-force conditions.
 - Daggerboards are very costly to construct. A builder must create dual dagger-boards as well as dual dagger-board trunks, along with the winches and pulleys to raise and lower them. Dual daggerboards add about $30,000 to the construction cost of a 45 foot catamaran.
 - Dagger-boarded cats are not a good idea for bare-boat chartering because bare-boat sailors run aground a lot. Even if they are told to raise the dagger-boards when they are not beating, they forget which results in broken daggerboards. Charter sailors do not care about performance, so there is no sense offering them a costly option they will likely break.
 - Daggerboards that are not carefully installed by a professional shipyard can rattle in their trunks. This is annoying. A well built cat will not have this problem.
 - If you are not a careful navigator and operate near shallow waters with your daggerboard(s) in the down position and plow into a hard reef at high speed, you will do serious damage to the bottom of your boat. While most daggerboarded cats have mini-skegs to protect the rudders and saildrives from a grounding, a high speed collision with a reef could do major damage to the bottom of your catamaran.
 - Daggerboard trunks take away a modest amount of interior room from the inside of each hull.
 - Daggerboards are for racers only. Not so. I am convinced this myth is propagated by builders who do not offer dagger-boards due to their cost.
 - Daggerboards are complex to operate. Not so. Unless you are sailing upwind they are always in the raised position. When you sail upwind you simply uncleat the boards and let them drop. To raise them you simply pull a few turns on a winch. It is easy to operate daggerboards.
 - You cannot beach a daggerboarded cat. No so. A properly built daggerboarded cat is easily beached and indeed can beach much closer to shore. The entire bottom of a well built daggerboarded cat is solid fiberglass.
 - Since high volume production catamaran builders must sell nearly 50% of their yachts into bareboat charter, it is not surprising that none of their models have daggerboards. At the present time there are just four production builders of daggerboarded cats: Catana, Outremer, Sud Composites, and Dolphin. There are of course a wide range of custom and semi-custom dagger-boarded cats on the market, particularly in New Zealand and Australia.
 - For the most part, daggerboards are preferred by serious offshore voyagers who insist that their catamarans sail upwind swiftly and as high as a monohull. They also want a catamaran that is considerably faster than a monohull on all points of sail, not only because they enjoy sailing fast, but because it is safer.
 - We sell a lot of used catamarans at The Multihull Company. Most of them have keels. As for me, if given a choice, a dagger-boarded cat is my preference. But I am a true enthusiast!


text:
Fragments of stone tools, stone circles and lines on the ground, and even evidence of tombs appear to lie in the desert near the ancient monastery of Deir Mar Musa, 50 miles north of Damascus, archaeologist Robert Mason of the Royal Ontario Museum said. He likened the formations to "Syria's Stonehenge.""What it looked like was a landscape for the dead and not for the living," Mason said Wednesday during a presentation at Harvard University's Semitic Museum, according to the University publication the Harvard Gazette. He made the find during a 2009 trip and is eager to return and further explore the site. But he says regional conflicts make such a return trip nearly impossible.
"It's something that needs more work and I don't know if that's ever going to happen."
'What it looked like was a landscape for the dead and not for the living.'
- Archaeologist Robert Mason
The monastery itself, also called the Monastery of Saint Moses the Abyssinian, was built in the late 4th or early 5th century, he said, and contains several frescoes from the 11th and 12th century depicting Christian saints and Judgment Day. He told the audience at Harvard that he believes it was originally a Roman watchtower, partially destroyed by an earthquake and rebuilt.
But the desert puzzle is much older.
Bits of tools Mason found nearby suggest the mystery he discovered in the desert is much older than the monastery. It may date to the Neolithic Period or early Bronze Age, 6,000 to 10,000 years ago, the Gazette said.
Egypt's oldest pyramid, the Great Pyramid of Giza, was built about 4,500 years ago.
Mason also saw corral-like stone formations called "desert kites," which would have been used to trap gazelles and other animals. The desert around the monastery is hardly a verdant pasture — "very scenic, if you like rocks," Mason reportedly said — but was probably greener a few millennia ago, the archaeologist explained.
Like Indiana Jones exploring Italy's museums in "The Last Crusade," Mason hopes to return to the monastery to excavate under the church's main altar — he believes he'll find an entrance to underground tombs there.
He also hopes to return to strange stone formations he found in the desert, which he dubbed "Syria's Stonehenge."


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use in photoengraving
The engravers' camera, called a process camera, is a rigidly built machine designed to allow precise positioning of the lens and copyboard so as to provide control over the enlargement or reduction in size of the copy. It has a colour-corrected lens designed to give the sharpest possible overall image when focussed on a plane surface, without the distortions common (though usually unnoticed) in...
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text:
The ONCORELIEF vision is realized through a multiand trans-disciplinary user-centric approach with concrete technical and scientific objectives and builds upon the following five pillars:
Analysis of clinical settings, treatment parameters and environment dynamics and driving forces of cancer patient wellbeing
ONCORELIEF will adopt a user-centred approach (see also Pillar 5), placing the patient at the centre of the posttreatment ecosystem and analysing the parameters that affect his/her wellbeing and health status within the everyday environment (i.e. personal, social, working, etc.), resulting to the effective design of the ONCORELIEF solution. This pillar consists of the following objectives:
- Objective 1.1: To thoroughly analyse clinical settings at diagnosis, treatment and after-treatment level in conjunction with environmental parameters affecting the health status, the QoL and WB of a cancer patient focusing on the parameters of both external and personal space affecting the long-term effects of cancer treatment.
- Objective 1.2: To analyse oncology-related socio-cultural and psychological factors of personal WB and QoL focusing on the patient's everyday routine and their needs, during and after treatment.
- Objective 1.3: To record and analyse the needs of cancer-patients regarding their everyday life and activities, perceived WB, environment and after-cure improvement shortand mid-term.
- Objective 1.4: To incorporate health law and GDPR aspects in user requirements in order for the solution developed to be both ethically and legally compliant.
- Objective 1.5: To define the technology interventions positively impacting the everyday life of a cancer patient through which the project scenarios of use will be defined.
Exploiting Big Data and AI capabilities for holistic post-treatment insights generation
Amongst the cornerstones of ONCORELIEF is the employment of novel big data and AI techniques to analyse patterns and generate insights that will help to better understand and consequently transform services and knowledge that needs to be conveyed to users, which has to do with their post-treatment QoL and way of living. This pillar consists of the following objectives:
- Objective 2.1: To identify, collect and transform various heterogenous data streams into a well specified, extendable, linkable and standard-compliant data model able to describe critical factors relevant to post treatment environments and activities.
- Objective 2.2: To employ novel GDPR perspective security and privacy mechanism for enabling the secure exchange of data and the generation of trust to the ONCORELIEF platform, safeguarding private sensitive data of users
- Objective 2.3: To design a set of smart algorithms that can be used at generic levels for generating reports that provide group analytics for monitoring similar individuals and that verify or possibly lead to new clinical protocols.
- Objective 2.4: To individualize data algorithms though AI outputs for offering personalized insights and recommendations to individuals based on their specific medical history, needs, life patterns, environment and activities.
- Objective 2.5: To incorporate AI elements for the development of self-learning and incorporation of empathic features to the assistant providing it with the necessary intelligence and the empathic personalized behavioural features related with the patient characteristics, cancer type, treatment, clinical settings, etc.
Development of innovative technological elements for providing personalized wellbeing
Building upon the active user-involvement, ONCORELIEF will proceed with the development of its technological concepts, including the implementation of a novel smartphone application (ONCORELIEF Guardian Angel) and wellbeing QoL index (ONCORELIEF index) used as the basic tool for supporting the patients, and the development of a platform incorporating AI elements and advanced data processing for accurate wellbeing assessment, while integrating with low-cost, off-the-shelf sensing devices for measuring parameters of the everyday environment (i.e. personal, social, working, etc.). This pillar consists of the following objectives:
- Objective 3.1: To create a digital smart guardian angel running on a smartphone, providing personalized information on cancer-patients wellbeing and supporting them in everyday routine tasks that improve their aftertreatment quality of life and decrease their psychological stress.
- Objective 3.2: To setup a sensing infrastructure incorporating off-the-shelf sensing devices, measuring environment parameters affecting the wellbeing of the cancer-patient. In order to assess the wellbeing and status of the user, a combination of wearable sensing devices, which provide very accurate readings about the user activities and bio-signals such as heart rate or oxygen blood level, and other ambient non-wearable monitoring devices, that can greatly improve the contextual information of the user, will be used.
- Objective 3.3: To define an Index reflecting the wellbeing level of a cancer-patient taking into account (a) the clinical setting of diagnosis, treatment and after-treatment follow-up of the patient, (b) measurable parameters and inputs provided by the patient, and (c) dynamically adjusting to the treatment and after-cure changes by reflecting the overall wellbeing level of the users.
- Objective 3.4: To develop reporting tools giving useful insights and notifications to the patient regarding his wellbeing, health status, psychological wellbeing and post-treatment related needs, and on the progress regarding its condition and its measurable parameters.
Piloting in different cancer types and patient-environment settings
ONCORELIEF will be exhaustively validated and evaluated in real-life settings, for different types of cancer, taking into account cross-gender needs and diverse patient environments. Two 12-month pilot studies (Germany and Italy) are planned, with the participation of 450 patients. Additionally, pre-pilot activities will take place, focusing on ONCORELIEF technical verifications and for collecting early user feedback and incorporating it into the ONCORELIEF prototypes.
- Objective 4.1: To validate early prototypes of the proposed system and services for trial operation in semicontrolled environments aiming to use data collected to improve the technical aspects (robustness, interfaces, resources usage, etc.) of the system for the trials execution with end users.
- Objective 4.2: To validate the proposed solution for 12 months with active cancer patients following posttreatment suffering from different types of cancer, namely Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML) and Colorectal Cancer (CRC), in various pilot sites. This will allow the consortium to examine the projects' impact.
- Objective 4.3: Perform controlled pre-pilot activities on the specifications and projects' early prototypes with clearly envisioned outcomes at Year 1 and Year 2 of the project that will be put under the evaluation and scrutiny of the end-users. This will help to focus on the real value delivered to end users by incorporating their feedback at critical progress milestones as well as train our data-models, thereby improving their accuracy and performance.
Active engagement of stakeholders resulting to measurable impacts
ONCORELIEF will involve the stakeholders during the whole project duration to achieve high-user acceptance, by adopting a user-centred design methodology (through the use of design thinking methods and tools) and thoroughly designing our pilots. This principle will be combined with rich dissemination activities and detailed feasibility and competition analysis for the development of an accurate go-to-market strategy. Towards this direction the following objectives will be fulfilled:
- Objective 5.1: Engage the stakeholders by adopting a design thinking methodology including six stages of involvement: define, research, ideate, prototype, deliver and learn, helping to understand better the user needs and pains, encourage inputs from a wide variety of stakeholders (patients, doctors, healthcare professionals, etc.), and design solutions that best reflect the preferences and user requirements.
- Objective 5.2: Involve stakeholders from multiple disciplines Following the previous one, this objective regards the engagement and participation in the pilots and evaluation process of a sufficient number of different types of stakeholders (e.g. patients, doctors, healthcare professionals, and psychologists etc.).
- Objective 5.3 Achieve wider user-driven steering of the project by establishing synergies with European and international associations and currently running EU R&I projects that will in turn promote and facilitate the smooth and early adoption of the proposed offerings.
- Objective 5.4: Define appropriate business and go-to market strategy in order to enable the wide, smooth and fast adoption of its outcomes by relevant stakeholders.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Recklinghausen Tonometer (sphygmomanometer), Germany, _PHONE_
This tonometer is a type of sphygmomanometer. A sphygmomanometer measured the force, rate and variations in the pulse. The tonometer consists of two overlapping cuffs. It measures the systolic and diastolic blood pressure. This means the force that blood flows with from the heart into the arteries and the forces as the heart relaxes and fills again with blood. It is the commonest technique for measuring blood pressure. It is also completely safe. This device was developed by Heinrich von Recklinghausen (_PHONE_) in the 1920s. He was a leading researcher in blood pressure and blood pressure measurement.
Related Themes and Topics
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An instrument used by medical staff to measure blood pressure. Usually made up of a cuff which is placed around the arm of a patient, and a measuring unit that shows the patient's blood pressure.
The study of diseases affecting the heart and blood vessels.


text:
Comparison of arcobacter butzleri ED-1 and arcobacter L anode biofilm formation and a proteomic comparison of A. butzleri ED-1 at the anode of a half microbial fuel cell
Knighton, Matthew Charles
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Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are electrochemical devices that exploit the ability of certain microorganisms to anaerobically respire using an insoluble terminal electron acceptor and therefore generate an electrical current. These bacteria are called electrogens or electrogenic bacteria. Two species of Arcobacter, Arcobacter butzleri ED-1 and Arcobacter L were isolated from the anodic chamber of an acetate fed MFC, and A. butzleri ED-1 was found to be the more electrogenic of the two bacteria. Arcobacter spp. are proteobacteria and A. butzleri ED-1 and Arcobacter L were the first example of electrogenically active e proteobacteria. It was decided to study their interactions with the anode by fluorescent microscopy and study their electrogenic mechanisms by comparative proteomics using the iTRAQ method as it would allow for simultaneous identification and quantification of peptides in multiple samples. Fluorescent imaging over a period of 120 h in a half MFC showed that both A. butzleri ED-1 and Arcobacter L formed a thin anodic biofilm of a few cells thick and that A. butzleri ED-1 maintained a more stable anodic biofilm than Arcobacter L. iTRAQ analysis showed that the flagellin FlaA was up-regulated 2.4 fold at the anode but no other electron transport proteins or adhesins were upregulated. These results were distinct from those observed for other electrogenic bacteria (Geobacter sulfurreducens and Shewanella oneidensis MR-1) in previous studies which exhibited up-regulated electron transport proteins at the anode as well as forming an anodic biofilm of 50 μm thick. Therefore based on these results it was concluded that FlaA was most likely playing an important role A. butzleri ED-1 anode biofilm formation and that the mechanisms of electrogenesis in A. butzleri ED- 1 and Arcobacter L may be novel compared to those previously characterised. It was also concluded that one possible reason for A. butzleri ED-1 being more electrogenic than Arcobacter L was its ability to form a more stable anodic biofilm. It must be noted that both of these conclusions are highly speculative and further study is needed to elucidate the electrogenic mechanisms of A. butzleri ED-1 and to further compare biofilm formation between the two species.


text:
Beginning in February in Haralson County, more than a dozen concerts and singings will help celebrate the music indigenous to the west Georgia area. "New Harmonies" is part of Museum on Main Street, a collaboration between the Smithsonian Institution and state humanities councils nationwide. Support for Museum on Main Street has been provided by the U. S. Congress.
The actual exhibit will be on display at the Warren P. Sewell Library in Bremen Feb. 9 through March 23.
The highlight and focus of the exhibit will be on Georgia's unique musical traditions and how roots music has touched and shaped many Georgia communities. According to Dr. Keith Hebert, a University of West Georgia history professor, co-director of the university's Center of Public History, and coordinator the Bremen leg of the tour, roots music is "the baseline for the development of American music. All music that has developed in America originated from the roots music examined in (the New Harmonies) exhibit."
The different types of music that are part of the exhibit are numerous and varied: Native American, sacred, string bands, bluegrass, country, Southern rock, traveling shows, the blues, folk, work and protest, and the "new traditions" music introduced by Georgia's immigrant population.
"New Harmonies" strives to preserve and explore these roots, and Ann McCleary plays a big role in their effort. McCleary is the state scholar for the program, a UWG history professor and co-director of the university's Center of Public History.
"Every state is required to engage a scholar to help generate the regional humanities content for the exhibit," McCleary said. "Through the Center for Public History, we have helped work with all of the communities to develop program and exhibit ideas and to assist with marketing. We researched and wrote the 'Georgia Harmonies' catalog, a 24-page publication about Georgia roots music. And we created much of the content for the website. Over the past year, graduate research assistant Sarah Foreman and I have been traveling to all of the communities across the state to provide additional guidance and support."
From the research and work done by scholars like McCleary and Hebert, as well as staff from the Smithsonian and the Georgia Humanities Council, the "New Harmonies" exhibit was created. Of the 30 Georgia communities who applied to host the exhibit, only 12 were chosen through a competitive selection process. The city of Bremen was among those 12.
The city plans to be an accommodating host, as multiple concerts and music events will be hosted at Mill Town Music Hall, schools, and surrounding churches in the area from Feb. 1 through March 24 – many with free admission.
Bremen itself has a unique musical history and tradition that made it an ideal stop for the "New Harmonies" tour. Notably, Bremen is the home of Hugh McGraw, an influential figure in the world of sacred harp music. Each year, the region hosts several Sacred Harp singings, including one every November at the Holly Springs Primitive Baptist Church in Bremen.
"We are delighted to welcome the world, so to speak, to Bremen," said Bremen Mayor Sharon Sewell. "This is a tremendous opportunity to showcase our music heritage in partnership with the great Smithsonian. It is also a great opportunity for our people to reconnect with our history and reclaim it, as well as exhibit the current music abilities that are core to the west Georgia area. As we display our music, we also have the opportunity to share our town with hundreds of visitors to the west Georgia area. We are most honored to have been chosen to be the site for this event."
"New Harmonies: Celebrating American Roots Music" has been made possible in the west Georgia area by the Georgia Humanities Council in partnership with the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra, the Center for Public History at the University of West Georgia, and the Georgia Department of Economic Development.
Katie Allen Ross, contributing reporter for West Georgia Living magazine, contributed to the article.


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Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science
Yoshikawa, Kenji; Nakamura, Toshio; Igarashi, Yaeko (2011): Investigation of pingos in Kuganguaq delta on Disko Island. doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.767446, Supplement to: Yoshikawa, K et al. (1996): Growth and collapse history of Pingos, Kuganguaq, Disko Island, Greenland. Polarforschung, 64(3), 109-113, hdl:10013/epic.29730.d001
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The growth and collapse history of two pingos located approximately 18 m a.s.l, and 35 m a.s.l. in Kuganguag, Disko lsland, west-central Greenland were examined. The pingos of this area were formed on Tertiary basalt rocks. One of the pingos is located in the middle of an alluvial fan, the other is on a river bed. Both have already collapsed. The pingo on the river bed had already collapsed at least 3545±60 year BP (14C dating from base of the pond sediments in the pingo crater). Both pingos formed after the sea's retreat as permafrost developed in the newly exposed delta bottom.
Median Latitude: 70.255650 * Median Longitude: -53.916225 * South-bound Latitude: 70.229400 * West-bound Longitude: -53.919000 * North-bound Latitude: 70.264400 * East-bound Longitude: -53.915300
Date/Time Start: 1993-07-28T13:50:00 * Date/Time End: 1993-07-28T15:00:00
Delta_Pingo * Latitude: 70.264400 * Longitude: -53.915300 * Date/Time: 1993-07-28T15:00:00 * Location: Disko Island, West Greenland * Device: Geological sample (GEOS)
Fan_Pingo * Latitude: 70.229400 * Longitude: -53.919000 * Date/Time: 1993-07-28T13:50:00 * Location: Disko Island, West Greenland * Device: Geological sample (GEOS)
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Definition of Catabolic
Metabolism is the sum of biochemical reactions which takes place in our body. It is broadly divided into two sub-component reactions which jointly signify the actual definition of metabolism. These two sub component reactions are anabolic and catabolic reactions. Here, in this article we are going to lay stress on the catabolic reactions that take place in our body. In common, we call these reactions as catabolism.
hot female fitness bodyIf we want to understand the true meaning of catabolism then it is important first of all to catch the definition of catabolic. It actually covers the breaking phase of metabolism. It is basically the set of metabolic pathways in which bigger molecules break down into smaller units and release the required amount of energy. If you want to understand the definition of catabolic in a more precise way then it can be stated in a different way. The catabolic phase include the breaking down of large molecules like lipids, polysaccharides, proteins and nucleic acid into smaller and easily consumable units like fatty acids, monosaccharide, amino acids and nucleotides respectively. These small units of proteins, polysaccharides and nucleic acids are scientifically termed as monomers. When they exist in the form of larger molecules with long chains then they are termed as polymers.
From the detailed definition of catabolic it is clear that the cells that are present in the body use these monomers for two important functions inside the body. They either use the availed energy for the building up process of new polymer molecules or for further degradation of the monomers into simple waste products for the release of additional energy. The cellular wastes that originated out of it include acetic acid, ammonia, lactic acid, urea and carbon dioxide. The generation of these waste products arises after the process of oxidation for the release of chemical free energy for the accomplishment of different activities. Most of them get lost as heat but the remaining one is sored as ATP (adenosine triphosphate) within the body.
This molecule plays a very important role in creating way for the cells to transfer the required amount of energy for the buildingup reactions in the body. From the definition of catabolic reaction and the role of ATP it is clear that it offers the necessary amount of chemical energy for the growth and maintenance of the cells. Some of the catabolic processes occurring in the body include the citric acid cycle, glycolysis, the breakdown of accumulated fat in adipose tissues to fatty acid and breaking down of muscle protein for the purpose of using amino acid as substrates in the reaction called gluconeogenesis.
There are numerous signals which work to operate the process of catabolism in a better way. Most of the known signals which work for this purpose are hormones. Besides hormones, the molecules that participate in the metabolic reaction also liberate the signals to initiate the process of catabolism. From the studies and researches done by different endocrinologists in the past several years it has been revealed that there are different catabolic or anabolic hormones present in the body which are well capable to stimulate any part of the metabolism as per the requirement of the body.
The classic definition of catabolic has been known by the scientists in the early 20th century. This definition is mainly associated with the involvement of catabolic hormones in the breaking down reactions taking place in the body. Some of the important catabolic hormones which helped the scientists and research scholars to reveal lots of information regarding this sub component of metabolism consist of glucagon, cortisol and adrenaline.
It is a fact that if you try to know more about a particular thing then sooner or later you can make new discoveries related with it. Same is with the catabolic reactions that take place in our body. Although, scientist are doing research on it since a very long time but they attained major success in the last few decades. Within last one or two decades they have discovered several hormones with catabolic effects on the human body. Some of these discovered hormones include melatonin, hypocretin (a hormone pair), orexin and cytokines.
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text:
Interest Parity Conditions as Indicators of Financial Integration in East Asia
Market participants and policymakers have a growing interest in the development of East Asian financial markets, and to the extent to which these markets are open and influenced by world markets. This paper examines the information contained in interest parity conditions about the international integration of a wide range of economies in East Asia. Legal restrictions on the capital account and tests of covered, uncovered and real interest parity are presented in some detail. Using standard regressions, cointegration analysis and error decompositions, it is argued that uncovered interest parity tests reveal a surprisingly large amount of information about financial openness. For example, McCallum's (1994) model of the interaction of uncovered interest parity and a monetary policy reaction function can be used to explain striking anomalies that arise between countries. Openness and the importance of foreign interest rate shocks appear to have increased in most countries, although Korea remains an important exception. Four policy implications are discussed in the conclusion.
|Date of creation:||Jun 1997|
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Fax: (61-2) 6249 3941
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Engineering Club
A student club that provides developmental, scientific, technical, cultural, and social work through a number of classroom and extra-curricular activities and programs for students interested in the university, during their university studies, with the aim of building them as integrated engineering figures.
Club Tasks:
1- Building educational and life experience among university students.
2- Giving students the opportunity to practice non-academic activities that help them integrate into the university community.
3- Providing rich development opportunities that contribute to understanding how to work through groups that help refine their skills in a practical way, such as communication, teamwork and leadership, through which their energies are discovered and invested.
4-The club is interested in developing students' skills and talents through training courses and workshops, carrying out work in activities, and meetings in which educational and community awareness programs are presented and external visits to get acquainted with the specialized engineering institutions.
5- Holding meetings to present engineering activities, educational programs, and community awareness.
6-Holding seminars, courses and exhibitions specialized in various engineering fields.
1- Investing the students' energies, talents and abilities and employing them in the best way to make him an active element and a valid building block in his society and country.
2- Developing the personal aspects and personal skills needed to build an advanced engineering society and building integrated engineering figures.
3-Providing the student with the specialized information he needs in the labor market outside the framework of the classroom curriculum.
4-Fostering excellence and creativity to reach students with a high degree of competence supported with science and knowledge.
5-Providing an organized student body to facilitate the task of communicating with the engineering and industrial business sector locally and regionally.
6-Promoting the concept of national economic priorities for students to direct their skills, including the priority of energy in the homeland, especially, renewable energy, in order to raise awareness.
7-Awareness of the applied engineering fields, including the fields of energy and its renewal, and how to make use of natural resources in power generation.
8-Raising awareness in theory and practice of engineering methods for rationalizing consumption in society
9- Promote the concept of technical education among students of the College of Engineering and the rest of the colleges


What is DMP?
The data can be offline data which is uploaded to the DMP or could be from an online source which is imported in real time.
Once user data is stored within the DMP, the data can be used for analysis ie categorize by demographics or interests.
Popular DMPs include;
Adobe Audience Manager
Google Audience Center
Neustar PlatformOne
Nielsen DMP (Exelate)
Oracle (Blue Kai)
Salesforce DMP
Xaxis Turbine


text:
Uit Kust Wiki
Versie door Tasomerville op 21 sep 2008 om 16:34
Spatial planning refers to the methods used by the public sector to influence the distribution of people and activities in spaces of various scales. Spatial planning includes all levels of land use planning including urban planning, regional planning, national spatial plans, and in the European Union international levels. There are numerous definitions of spatial planning. One of the earliest definitions comes from the European Regional/Spatial Planning Charter (often called the 'Torremolinos Charter'), adopted in 1983 by the European Conference of Ministers responsible for Regional Planning (CEMAT): "Regional/spatial planning gives geographical expression to the economic, social, cultural and ecological policies of society. It is at the same time a scientific discipline, an administrative technique and a policy developed as an interdisciplinary and comprehensive approach directed towards a balanced regional development and the physical organisation of space according to an overall strategy".


This page has been translated automatically.
Interface Overview
Assets Workflow
Settings and Preferences
Adjusting Node Parameters
Setting Up Materials
Setting Up Properties
Landscape Tool
Using Editor Tools for Specific Tasks
Setting Up Development Environment
Usage Examples
UUSL (Unified UNIGINE Shader Language)
File Formats
Rebuilding the Engine and Tools
Double Precision Coordinates
Common Functionality
Controls-Related Classes
Engine-Related Classes
Filesystem Functionality
GUI-Related Classes
Math Functionality
Node-Related Classes
Networking Functionality
Pathfinding-Related Classes
Physics-Related Classes
Plugins-Related Classes
CIGI Client Plugin
Rendering-Related Classes
Mesh Clutter
Mesh Clutter is an object that can contain a great number of identical meshes which are positioned, oriented and scaled randomly and cannot be managed manually. Meshes of the mesh clutter object can be scattered in the certain areas by using an image or mesh mask.
The clutter mesh object is usually used for vegetation (for example, forest, leaves on the ground), for strewing identical objects (for example, rubbish).
Mesh Clutter is used to scatter identical meshes across the world (or the part of the world) or terrain. Mesh Clutter scatters objects procedurally, and renders only those objects which are in the viewing frustum. This allows to render the large number of meshes while keeping performance high.
See also
Creating Mesh Clutter
To create Mesh Clutter, simply perform the following steps:
 1. On the Menu bar, click Create -> Object -> Mesh Clutter.
 2. In the dialog window that opens, choose the path to the.mesh file. This mesh would be used as the source one for the clutter.
 3. Place the clutter object somewhere in the world.
 4. Specify the Mesh Clutter parameters.
Mesh Clutter Parameters
The Mesh Clutter is very much the same as World Clutter (that operates on different node references). It is rendered as a 2D grid, in each cell of which a number of meshes are randomly placed depending on the Clutter density and probability of appearing. The cells are generated one by one starting from the nearest ones. This approach allows to control how close or far the scattered objects are from each other and at the same time reduce the rendering load when the camera moves and farther cells become visible.
Mesh Mesh, the copies of which will be scattered.
Size X
Size Y
The size of the clutter bounding box along X and Y axis. Within this area objects will be scattered with specified density.
 - The size is measured in units.
Step for cells Cell size in units. The resulting number of cells in the Clutter is defined in the following way: size of the Clutter (both alongX and Y) is divided by the step.
 - The smaller the step, the higher the number of cells is.
Density Density specifies how many objects there are per square unit.
 - By the step of 1 unit, the density cannot be decreased lower than 1 (less than 1 object per square unit).
 - If the density value is too high, objects can be penetrating each other.
Visible distance Within visible distance the number of objects is strictly specified by the density parameters. It means that all objects that should be present are found in place.
 - If set to infinity (inf), Fade distance parameter will be ignored.
 - The real radius of Clutter visibility directly depends on the object (surface) maximum visible distance and also its fade out distance. However, even in case it disappears at closer distance, further increase of the visible distance will carry performance penalty, because cell generation-related calculations are still performed.
 - The visible distance is actually measured up to the cell: when the camera moves on the specified distance form it, the cell is generated. Without the fade distance or object maximum visible distance, objects can be rendered per visible square.
Fade Distance Across the fade distance the number of objects gradually decreases, as they disappear randomly one by one. The fade distance follows the Visible distance. If a fade distance is set, there is no clear line where the meshes abruptly disappear. Instead, a few left smoothly blend into the background without any visual noise.
 - For the best result, it is also recommended to combine this effect with objects fade-out.
Seed The seed value for pseudo random number generator allows to create different patterns of automatic positioning. The seed is either be set manually or an engine provides a random value for a seed (Randomize option).
Randomizing Clutter Objects
To randomize the appearance of meshes scattered by Mesh Clutter, two types of values are used:
 - Mean value (i.e.Scale, Offset, Rotation) defines the average value. This is the basic value that will be randomly made higher or lower.
 - Spread value defines the range for possible variation of the parameter. The higher the value, the more diverse the final result will be.
 Spread value is optional: if set to 0, it will not influence the simulation process and only the mean value will be used for all objects.
After these values are specified, each parameter is calculated according to the following formula:
Result = Mean + Random * Spread
where Random is a random value in range from -1 to 1. For example, if a mean value of the parameter equals 3 and a spread value equals 1, the final result will be any in range from 2 to 4.
Min and Max Scale The scale mean value of scattered objects depends on the minimum and maximum scale mean values and the image mask values: the mask values are used to linearly interpolate between the minimum and maximum scale values.
 - The mean scale value cannot be negative.
Min scale Sets the scale mean value for scattered objects in the areas with low density (according to the image mask). The higher the value, the bigger the object will be in such areas.
When the image mask is not set, this parameter isn't taken into account as the default mask stores only the maximum mask values (there is no areas with low density).
Max scale Sets the scale mean value for scattered objects in the areas with high density (according to the image mask). The higher the value, the bigger the object will be in such areas.
For example, if the following image mask is used:
The clutter objects will be scaled as follows:
Min scale = 1; Max scale = 3
Min scale = 3; Max scale = 1
Offset Height offset parameter controls whether all objects are positioned at one height or some are found higher or lower. For example, with offset stones can be dug deep into the ground so that only a small top is visible, or placed higher and look bigger.
 - The offset is measured in units.
Rotation X
Rotation Y Rotation Z
These parameters allow to randomly orient the scattered objects.
 - The rotation is set in angles.
 - If a spread value is set to 180, objects will be rotated by 360 degrees.
Masking Areas with Objects
Besides scattering the meshes evenly across the whole area, a mask for their positioning can be used. It controls where the meshes should be placed.
Image Mask Mask determines areas across which the objects are randomly scattered and areas where there will be no objects from the list. For example, on the terrain a mask allows to scatter stones across the rocky areas, while leaving the grassy ones free from rocks.
When the image mask is not set, the default mask with maximum mask values will be used. The maximum mask value is 255.
 - The mask is one-channel texture (R8). If there are more channels in the provided mask, they will be ignored.
 - Zero color value specify the areas without Clutter objects.
 - The higher the color value is, the more objects there are in this area and the denser they are positioned.
 - Color value of 255 means the density is as specified by the corresponding parameter.
 - Masking is done for all objects that are contained in the Clutter list.
To paint the image mask directly in the scene, use Mask Editor.
Threshold for mask To control the strength of masking, a mask threshold is used. It checks the masked density for an area and if a threshold value is higher than the color value of the mask, objects are scattered across it. If the masked density is not enough, the places is left bare.
 - With the minimum value of 0, the mask is applied as it is.
 - With higher threshold value, the objects will be scattered only in areas marked by the mask as dense. Instead of sparse distribution, objects scattered here and there, they are likely to be rendered in dense isolated groups.
 - With the maximum value of 1, there will be no objects scattered at all.
Mesh Mask A mesh-based mask can be used to place the objects. Vector masking allows not to depend the mask texture resolution and create roads, rivers, etc. with extremely high precision. A mesh for masking should be a simple planar mesh.
Mesh used as a mask
Mesh-based masking
Inverse The Inverse flag toggles if the objects are placed inside or outside the mesh contour.
Inverse masking
Cutout Intersection Cutout bit mask. This mask is used to cut out the clutter meshes in the areas of intersection with objects and decals (e.g. can be used to remove vegetation under houses or from the surface of roads projected using decals). Clutter meshes will be cut out by objects and decals that have their intersection masks matching this one (one bit at least).
Cutout Inverse Toggles the value that indicates whether the clutter meshes should be rendered inside or outside the areas determined by the cutout intersection mask.
Orienting along the Relief
Mesh Clutter can also scatter objects along the relief


text:
PPPs are active substances with activity on pests, but sometimes also on non-target organisms, which determines their toxicology and ecotoxicology. They also represent a wide variety of chemical structures. Active ingredients with the same mode of action may have structural analogies. Some may be stereoisomers. Finally, PPPs have physico-chemical characteristics that may be useful for predicting biological activity (e. g., solubility in water and solvents can help to understand the migration of molecules in crops).
In order to handle these active substances correctly and safely in the laboratory or in the field, it is important to be familiar with their chemical structure and main characteristics, which can be consulted in the databases listed below.
- Database Ephy : ephy.anses.fr
- Agritox : agritox.anses.fr
- ACTA database (usages and toxicology) : matphyto.acta-informatique.fr
- ChEBI (Chemical Entities of Biological Interest ) : ebi.ac.uk
- Database on fluorinated pesticides : fluoridealert.org
- Compendium of pesticides common names : alanwood.net
- Pesticide manual (with login) : bcpc.org
- Pesticides properties database (PPDB) : sitem.herts.ac.uk


From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
8th (?) century Anglo-Saxon sword hilt fitting, gold with garnet cloisonné inlay. From the Staffordshire Hoard
Byzantine cloisonné enamel plaque of St. Demetrios, c. 1100, using the thin-wire technique.
Ming Dynasty cloisonné enamel bowl, using nine colours of enamel
Chinese cloisonné enamel incense burner, 17th/18th centuries
The decoration is formed by first adding compartments or cells to the metal object.[1] This is done by soldering or sticking silver or gold wires or thin strips placed on edge. These are visible in the finished piece, separating the different compartments.
The technique was in ancient times mostly used for jewellery and small fittings for clothes, weapons or similar small objects. They were decorated with geometric or schematic designs, with thick cloison walls. In the Byzantine Empire a technique with thinner wires were developed. This let pictorial images to be made. It was mostly used for religious images and jewellery, and by then always using enamel. By the 14th century this enamel technique had spread to China, where it was soon used for much larger vessels such as bowls and vases. The technique is common in China to the present day. Cloisonné enamel objects using Chinese-derived styles were produced in the West from the 18th century.
The earliest surviving cloisonné pieces are rings in graves from 12th century BC Cyprus, using very thin wire.[2]
An early 20th century art vase
References[change | change source]
 1. In French "cloison" is a general word for "compartment" or "partition" or "cell", in English the word is normally only used in the specialized context of cloisonné work, and apparently dentistry. OED, "Cloison"
 2. Michaelides, Panicos, The earliest cloisonne enamels from Cyprus. Glass on Metal, the Enamellist's Magazine, April 1989. online, see also


Take the 2-minute tour ×
In Python is there any way to make a class, then make a second version of that class with identical dat,a but which can be changed, then reverted to be the same as the data in the original class?
So I would make a class with the numbers 1 to 5 as the data in it, then make a second class with the same names for sections (or very similar). Mess around with the numbers in the second class then with one function then reset them to be the same as in the first class.
The only alternative I've found is to make one aggravatingly long class with too many separate pieces of data in it to be readily usable.
share|improve this question
Thanks for your answers, teifion gave the answer I was looking for on msn. My question wasn't clear. Basically though, "Is what you want basically a class that can reset an instance (object) to a set of default values? " yes it was. – leachrode Sep 15 '08 at 16:06
add comment
6 Answers
up vote 6 down vote accepted
A class is a template, it allows you to create a blueprint, you can then have multiple instances of a class each with different numbers, like so.
class dog(object):
 def __init__(self, height, width, lenght):
 self.height = height
 self.width = width
 self.length = length
 def revert(self):
 self.height = 1
 self.width = 2
 self.length = 3
dog1 = dog(5, 6, 7)
dog2 = dog(2, 3, 4)
share|improve this answer
add comment
Classes don't have values. Objects do. Is what you want basically a class that can reset an instance (object) to a set of default values?
How about just providing a reset method, that resets the properties of your object to whatever is the default?
I think you should simplify your question, or tell us what you really want to do. It's not at all clear.
share|improve this answer
Voted down: In Python, classes DO have attributes (values). Instances also have attributes (values). It's a very important distinction to understand when moving to python from another language. – gahooa Feb 18 '09 at 18:39
add comment
I think you are confused. You should re-check the meaning of "class" and "instance".
I think you are trying to first declare a Instance of a certain Class, and then declare a instance of other Class, use the data from the first one, and then find a way to convert the data in the second instance and use it on the first instance...
I recommend that you use operator overloading to assign the data.
share|improve this answer
add comment
class ABC(self):
 numbers = [0,1,2,3]
class DEF(ABC):
 def __init__(self):
 self.new_numbers = super(ABC,self).numbers
 def setnums(self, numbers):
 self.new_numbers = numbers
 def getnums(self):
 return self.new_numbers
 def reset(self):
share|improve this answer
add comment
Just FYI, here's an alternate implementation... Probably violates about 15 million pythonic rules, but I publish it per information/observation:
class Resettable(object):
 base_dict = {}
 def reset(self):
 self.__dict__ = self.__class__.base_dict
 def __init__(self):
 self.__dict__ = self.__class__.base_dict.copy()
class SomeClass(Resettable):
 base_dict = {
 'number_one': 1,
 'number_two': 2,
 'number_three': 3,
 'number_four': 4,
 'number_five': 5,
 def __init__(self):
p = SomeClass()
p.number_one = 100
print p.number_one
print p.number_one
share|improve this answer
add comment
Here's another answer kind of like pobk's; it uses the instance's dict to do the work of saving/resetting variables, but doesn't require you to specify the names of them in your code. You can call save() at any time to save the state of the instance and reset() to reset to that state.
class MyReset:
 def __init__(self, x, y):
 self.x = x
 self.y = y
 def save(self):
 self.saved = self.__dict__.copy()
 def reset(self):
 self.__dict__ = self.saved.copy()
a = MyReset(20, 30)
a.x = 50
print a.x
print a.x
Why do you want to do this? It might not be the best/only way.
share|improve this answer
add comment
Your Answer


text:
David Livingstone can still be seen as a great example of what people can achieve.
After his death, in some ways, David Livingstone became even more famous than before. The famous meeting with Stanley, the manner of his death, his return to England, and his funeral captured the British public's imagination and people were fascinated by him and remained so until the mid 20th century. David
Livingstone was instrumental in forcing the abolition of the east African slave trade and because of this and his fundamental belief in human equality, David Livingstone remains well respected in many parts of Africa today. In contrast, in Britain, Livingstone became associated with the Empire and fell out of favour.
A major achievement and legacy of David Livingstone was that his account of the Nyangwe massacre caused public outcry in Britain and forced the government to act. In 1873 the Sultan of Zanzibar signed a treaty which abolished the East African slave trade. However David Livingstone remains a controversial figure when considering the colonisation of Africa.


I didn't use Blender before, but from what I saw (e.g. on YouTube) I think I could use it for creating dynamic flow chart animations (that actually look good :-). Since I do not know how to start with this, I hope you could give me a hint and/or guide me the right direction. This is a schematic example on what I want to do:
enter image description here
For a series of time points, I get data for the temperatures inside a set of water tanks and the amount of water flowing between them from some computations that are done in Python. I would like to visualize the temperature within the tanks by color, and the mass flowing between them by thickness of the arrows, in both cases also stating the current values, and show their development over time with an animation (while the changes between time points do not necessarily have to be animated, a series of pictures showing the states at the time points would already be great).
Everything should be designed in a way that the animation can be automatically generated also for other data sets. Also in future, this animation will probably be extended. As I stated, I'm completely new to Blender, but advanced in Python.
All hints and advises are highly appreciated! Thank you very much for your help!
Edit: as suggested, I split up the question in several smaller ones step by step.
 1. Link to first question on how to create the curved arrows (solved)
 2. Link to second question on how to calculate object colors from external temperature data using a color map
 - 2
 $\begingroup$ yes, this is very possible - but as it stands you are asking a question which is multi faceted - or rather 4 or 5 considerably elaborate questions disguised as a concept. Someone could answer, but it would take a long time and only be applicable to a narrow audience. Let me suggest that you break it down. 1. How to make boxes at positions 2. How to script the splines to join them 3. How to make the arrows 4. How to animate Colour changes 4. How to animate spline Width changes. -- Also the design of how to spread these boxes and decide where the spline goes and what the arrow looks like. $\endgroup$ – zeffii Aug 9 '15 at 11:58
 - 4
 $\begingroup$ You are allowed to ask as many separate questions as you want in new Questions. The better you become at making your question modular, the better we can answer short and direct. $\endgroup$ – zeffii Aug 9 '15 at 12:01
 - $\begingroup$ _USER_ Thank you for your suggestions! In the meantime I found some hints on animation, and I managed to create the boxes (which are cylinders in 3D). So I will now first of all ask a question on how to make these curved arrows (which I think would be Question 2 and 3, but make sense to be asked together, right?), and link it to this question as well. $\endgroup$ – mindm49907 Aug 9 '15 at 13:06
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ yes! my response was definitely not intended to be discouraging, I love these kinds of questions..but splitting it up gives more people a chance to answer the individual elements. $\endgroup$ – zeffii Aug 9 '15 at 15:04
 - $\begingroup$ As zeffii explained, SE does better with shorter questions about specific operations; these are more likely to be applicable to other projects and thus more helpful for people looking for solutions in search engines. As it is now, this question is still too broad (your other question is great though :). Feel free to edit this question at any time, and we can re-open it accordingly. $\endgroup$ – gandalf3 Aug 9 '15 at 19:13


Monosyllabic verbs that start with E
These one syllable E verbs all begin with the letter E.
 1. earn
 2. earns
 3. eat
 4. eats
 5. ebb
 6. ebbs
 7. end
 8. ends
 9. err
 10. et
Next why not check out all the letters A-Z single syllable verb lists and other verb posts on this site.


text:
"Direct and Indirect Water Withdrawals for U.S. Industrial Sectors"
Environmental Science & Technology
How many gallons of water does it take to produce $1 worth of sugar, dog and cat food, or milk? The answers appear in the first comprehensive study in 30 years documenting American industry's thirst for this precious resource. The study, which could lead to better ways to conserve water, is in ACS' Environmental Science & Technology, a semi-monthly journal: "Direct and Indirect Water Withdrawals for U.S. Industrial Sectors.
Chris Hendrickson and colleagues note in the new study that industry (including agriculture) long has been recognized as the biggest consumer of water in the United States. However, estimates of water consumption on an industry-by-industry basis are incomplete and outdated, with the last figures from the U.S. Census Bureau dating to 1982.
They estimated water use among more than 400 industry sectors — from finished products to services — using a special computer model. The new data shows that most water use by industry occurs indirectly as a result of processing, such as packaging and shipping food crops to the supermarket, rather than direct use, such as watering crops. Among the findings for consumer products: It takes almost 270 gallons of water to produce $1 worth of sugar; 200 gallons of water to make $1 worth of dog and cat food; and 140 gallons of water to make $1 worth of milk. "The study gives a way to look at how we might use water more efficiently and allows us to hone in on the sectors that use the most water so we can start generating ideas and technologies for better management," the scientists note.


LEA Administrators and Data Auditors
Why did some of my employees disappear from the NCEdCloud IAM Service?
If you have staff members in your LEA or charter school who were using accounts in the IAM Service but they no longer show up, the first place to check is typically the payroll system that your LEA or charter school uses. This occasionally happens with 10 and 11 month employees when their work/job Start Dates are not present or not in the upcoming school year in the payroll system.
Why is an employee's email wrong or missing in the NCEdCloud IAM Service?
Employee email address originally came from the HRMS system when NCEdCloud was first set up. However, many PSUs complained that those records were only updated if an employee changed jobs, and frequently had an old email listed. This process was changed a few years ago to obtain employee email address in a specific order by searching 2 or 3 source systems to find staff email address. The process now starts with PowerSchool, then checks LINQ HR (if used by the LEA), and lastly HRMS.
Who can see the "My Students" tab in the IAM Service Profiles view?
The ability to see the "My Students" tab in the Rapid Identity Portal under Profiles view, is based on whether the employee who logs into the IAM Service has one of the designated "Teacher Job Codes". Job Codes are setup by the NCDPI and are assigned to an employee through their payroll system and stored in the UID system. Below are the job codes (sometimes referred to as object codes), that allow an employee to see the My Students tab.
When is the next Home Base maintenance window and how will it affect the NCEdCloud IAM service?
Home Base Maintenance Periods typically involve downtime of PowerSchool and sometimes other Home Base applications. However, during such downtime, other IAM Service integrated applications remain available.
For a complete schedule of Home Base Maintenance Periods, please see... Home Base Maintenance and Support
What are the cutoff times for updated source data to be included in the IAM service the next day?
Upstream data processes produce the user data that is provided to the NCEdCloud IAM service early in the morning on Monday through Saturday. If an updated data field value is entered into that field's source system prior to that source system's cutoff time, then the data is provided to the IAM service the following day. (Note that data is typically NOT provided to the IAM service on Sunday mornings).
What settings in the Chrome browser can affect logins?
There are a couple of Chrome settings that may improve your experience in using the NCEdCloud IAM Service:
 1. 'Continue where I left off' - attempts to re-establish all of your sessions that were open when you closed the browser. This can result in a continuation of a session -ORcan result in some very cryptic errors within the Application. Change this under Settings > On startup
How are elevated privilege roles requested?
The Tech Director/CTO for an LEA or Charter School should be the first person to claim their account and request the LEA Administrator Role. To request a privileged role for others, choose the 'Workflow' button on the left menu and then choose the 'Requests' tab along the top. Select the desired role checkbox(es) (LEA Administrator, LEA Data Auditor, LEA Help Desk, LEA Student Help Desk, School Help Desk, and School Student Help Desk) and click the Submit Requests button.
How do I see a list of employees or students in my LEA?
The My Employees tab or the My Students tab under Profiles in the IAM Service relies on a "Search" function. You need to enter some criteria to select the users you want to lookup. The easiest search is to enter an asterisk * wildcard in the search window and click the Search button. This will only return the first 1000 matching records, however, which is the limit of the query.


text:
Your municipality withdraws 10,000 gallons per day from an aquifer that originally held 1,000,000 gallons. The recharge rate to the aquifer is 2,000 gallons per day. How long will it take before the aquifer is depleted?
You have to make an equation that relates the amount of water (w) in the aquafier to time (t).
Start with the original amount:
Now, we know that every day ten thousand gallons are taken out so we have:
And we also know that every day two thousand gallons are added so we have:
To find when the water runs out, set the equation equal to 0 and solve for t:
So, the water will run out after 125 days.


text:
Unsupervised unmixing of hyperspectral imagery using the constrained positive matrix factorization
Masalmah, Yahya M.
MetadataShow full item record
In hyperspectral imaging, hundreds of images are taken at narrow and contiguous spectral bands providing us with high spectral resolution spectral signatures that can be used to discriminate between objects. In many applications, the measured spectral signature is a mixture of the object of interest, and other objects within the field of view of the sensor. To determine which objects are in the field of view of the sensor, we need to decompose the measured spectral signature in its constituents and their contribution to the measured signal. This research dealt with the unsupervised determination of the constituents and their fractional abundance in each pixel in a hyperspectral image using a constrained positive matrix factorization (cPMF). Different algorithms are presented to compute the cPMF. Tests and validation with real and simulated data show the effectiveness of the method. Application of the approach to environmental remote sensing and microscopic imaging is shown.


0208 _PHONE_ _EMAIL_
Jess is a graduate of UCL where she studied History of Art and received first-class honours. Her course covered Western art from ancient times right up to modern day. She also studied Philosophy and Anthropology modules during her time at university. At A Level, Jess studied English Literature, Philosophy and Mathematics, gaining 1A* and 2As and receiving full marks for her English Literature coursework.
Jess currently works as a support worker and engages with a range of clients with complex needs. She has recently gained her Mental Health First Aid Level 2 Certificate and has a lot of experience supporting those who struggle with mental health. She often takes on a tutor role for clients, and has run art and reading groups and taught a range of computer skills.
She spent time living abroad after graduating and has spent the last few years working within the charity sector. She continues to volunteer at an art group for adults and young people with learning difficulties where she works 1-on-1 with a member of the group to help them create something they are proud of.
Jess is caring, friendly and patient and remains committed to enabling her students to reach their potential. Her volunteering and work experience means she is aware of differences in learning styles and will ensure that each child's needs are met.
In her spare time, Jess enjoys making art, playing netball and cooking.


text:
Tropical Fungus Range Expands into Northern Waters
In August 2008, an Atlantic bottlenose dolphin was found dead on the North Carolina coast, its skin cracked and ulcerated with an alarming growth of gray and white nodules.
This dolphin was confirmed as having lobomycosis, the first confirmed case in North Carolina waters of this chronic fungal skin infection.
Reports of this type of infection in both humans and dolphins are relatively common in the warmer coastal waters of South America. Cases of lobomycosis have also turned up in waters off both east and west coasts of southern Florida and the Texas Gulf Coast.
Now, however, the range of the fungus that causes the lobomycosis infection appears to be expanding northward.
See also: Making Waves podcast: April 15, 2009 and Northward Creep of Tropical Disease Another Consequence of Climate Change?


text:
analysis, density-equalizing algorithms and scientometric methods were used to evaluate both the quantity and quality of research achievements of scientists studying scoliosis. Density-equalizing algorithms were applied to data retrieved from ISI-Web. RESULTS: From 1904 to 2007, 8,186 items pertaining to scoliosis were published and included in the database. The studies were published in 76 countries: the USA, the U.K. and Canada being the most productive centers. The Washington University (St. Louis, Missouri) was identified as the most prolific institution during that period, and orthopedics represented by far the most productive medical discipline. "BRADFORD, DS" is the most productive author (146 items), and "DANSEREAU, J" is the author with the highest scientific impact (h-index of 27). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that currently established measures of research output (i.e. impact factor, h-index) should be evaluated critically because phenomena, such as self-citation and co-authorship, distort the results and limit the value of the conclusions that may be drawn from these measures. Qualitative statements are just tractable by the comparison of the parameters with respect to multiple linkages. In order to obtain more objective evaluation tools, new measurements need to be developed.
- Scientometric analysis of the world-wide research efforts concerning Leishmaniasis (2010)
- Background: Leishmaniasis is a chronic disease that is found in various countries of the world. The aim of the current study was to investigate the impact of leishmaniasis on the world's research output. The present study assessed benchmarking of research output for the period between 1957 and 2006. Using large database analyses, research in the field of leishmaniasis was evaluated. Furthermore, cooperation between different countries was identified. Results: The number of publications increased with time. Most publications came from Western countries such as the US, UK or Germany. Interestingly, countries like Brazil and India had a high research output. We found a substantial amount of cooperation between countries. Conclusion: Although leishmaniasis is of limited geographic distribution it attracts a wide research interest. The central hub of research cooperation is the USA.
- Reference values and physiological characterization of a specific isolated pig kidney perfusion model (2007)
- BACKGROUND: Models of isolated and perfused kidneys are used to study the effects of drugs, hazardous or toxic substances on renal functions. Since physiological and morphological parameters of small laboratory animal kidneys are difficult to compare to human renal parameters, porcine kidney perfusion models have been developed to simulate closer conditions to the human situation, but exact values of renal parameters for different collection and perfusion conditions have not been reported so far. If the organs could be used out of regular slaughtering processes animal experiments may be avoided. METHODS: To assess renal perfusion quality, we analyzed different perfusion settings in a standardized model of porcine kidney hemoperfusion with organs collected in the operating theatre (OP: groups A-D) or in a public abattoir (SLA: group E) and compared the data to in vivo measurements in living animals (CON). Experimental groups had defined preservation periods (0, 2 and 24 hrs), one with additional albumin in the perfusate (C) for edema reduction. RESULTS: Varying perfusion settings resulted in different functional values (mean +/- SD): blood flow (RBF [ml/min*100 g]: (A) 339.9 +/- 61.1; (C) 244.5 +/- 53.5; (D) 92.8 +/- 25.8; (E) 153.8 +/- 41.5); glomerular filtration (GFR [ml/min*100 g]: (CON) 76.1 +/- 6.2; (A) 59.2 +/- 13.9; (C) 25.0 +/- 10.6; (D) 1.6 +/- 1.3; (E) 16.3 +/- 8.2); fractional sodium reabsorption (RFNa [%] (CON) 99.8 +/- 0.1; (A) 82.3 +/- 8.1; (C) 86.8 +/- 10.3; (D) 38.4 +/- 24.5; (E) 88.7 +/- 5.8). Additionally the tubular coupling-ratio of Na-reabsorption/O2-consumption was determined (TNa/O2-cons [mmol-Na/mmolO2] (CON) 30.1; (A) 42.0, (C) 80.6; (D) 17.4; (E) 23.8), exhibiting OP and SLA organs with comparable results. CONCLUSION: In the present study functional values for isolated kidneys with different perfusion settings were determined to assess organ perfusion quality. It can be summarized that the hemoperfused porcine kidney can serve as a biological model with acceptable approximation to in vivo renal physiology, also if the organs originate from usual slaughtering processes.


Outcome Of The MBBS Program
The MBBS programs aims to produce medical graduates who are able to:
 1. Recognize signs and symptoms of common illnesses in population of different ages from different settings, and provide cost effective treatment to alleviate suffering
 2. Recognize signs and symptoms of chronic and acute illnesses, and refer to appropriate health care provider for appropriate management
 3. Obtain accurate medical history that covers essential aspects of history that relates to individual's health
 4. Conduct a complete and focused physical examinations in adults and children in a respectful and logical manner
 5. Communicate effectively with patients, relatives, attendants to gather accurate information that will lead to appropriate diagnosis and treatment
 6. Demonstrate team work with colleagues, health care team in both college and health care settings
 7. Perform procedures and skills in accordance with established protocols and standards
 8. Counsel on health promotion to improve the health of individuals, and families including marginalized population
 9. Inculcate and demonstrate ethical and moral values in patient care, research and professional development
 10. Develop life-long learning skills to keep pace with the exponential growth of information in the field of sciences relevant to health of the individual and population at large
 11. Engage in research activity aimed at improvement of quality of health care including behavior modification of individual and community for quality life.


text:
Hint: If we know the frequency, then from the relation between frequency and wavelength. We can find out the waves having the highest wavelength.
Complete step by step answer:
In the magnetic spectrum we are having the range of wavelengths and also the range of the frequencies of the different waves like gamma rays, x-rays, ultraviolet, visible rays, radar waves, microwaves, television waves and radio waves and further this visible rays consists or comprises of the seven colors they are: violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange and red which are also differ in their frequencies and hence the wavelength of the colors also changes accordingly.
These different waves have decreased in frequency in the same order as mentioned above. Since we already know that the frequency is inversely proportional to the wavelength and hence the wavelength will increase in the same order that means radio waves are having the highest wavelength. And in the visible range red is having the highest wavelength due to having the least frequency in the VIBGYOR.
So from the given above options radio waves are having the highest wavelength due to having the least frequency.
So, the correct answer is "Option B".
Note: We know that the relation between the frequency and wavelength is inversely proportional or the wavelength is inversely proportional to the frequency. That is
Where $\lambda $ is the wavelength
$C$ Is the speed of light


Why turkey has the same name as Turkey
well-ordered set
noun, Mathematics
a totally ordered set in which every nonempty subset has a smallest element with the property that there is no element in the subset less than this smallest element. Unabridged
Cite This Source
Word of the Day
Difficulty index for well-ordered set
Few English speakers likely know this word
Word Value for wellordered
Scrabble Words With Friends


text:
Do you also struggle with the R sound?
If the answer is yes, don't miss out on today's video lesson.
You see, in American English, there's an 'easy' R, and a 'tricky' R.
The R that slips away and disappears when we don't pay enough attention.
So first – It's not you. It's the R.
When the R appears at the end of the word or before a consonant, It's
a little more challenging to pronounce.
This is why I made today's video.
To show you that when you break it down, IT IS possible! 🙂
In this lesson you'll learn:
- How to pronounce clearly and with elegance the /ar/ vowel sound (as in the words 'car', 'part', hard' and 'starting'.)
- How to distinguish between word pairs such as party vs. potty, harder vs. hotter, farther vs. father.
- A simple technique that will help you understand and practice tricky words R, and make it super easy for you to pronounce the words clearly.


[plt-scheme] Natural Language parsing in CS1
From: Chung-chieh Shan (ccshan at rutgers.edu)
Date: Tue Jun 2 10:29:41 EDT 2009
On 2009-06-02T05:32:52-0400, Eli Barzilay wrote:
> But the nature of working on a
> "symbolic program" (hand waving here) and on a "statistical program"
> (more waving) is very different. It's essentially related to what I
> wrote above: in the former you get precise rules for what your code is
> supposed to do, and your program is "usually" either correct or not
> (and there are exceptions to this, of course). In the latter, you
> measure success based on a statistical comparison with imprecise
> machines (aka humans) -- so the measure itself is statistical (and
> again, there are exceptions here too). To clarify, what I'm saying is
> that it's not only the code itself that uses statistics, it's also the
> analysis of whether it's correct or not which is measured in
> percentages. In yet other words -- if I'll add a function to PLT, and
> I'll document it as correct for 76% of all inputs, then it will look
> as ridiculous as someone writing a natural language parser that *is*
> correct period.
You seem to be drawing a distinction between two kinds of programs by
examining how they are specified and tested. I certainly agree with
you that NLP has moved away from the "symbolic approach" to specifying
and testing programs that process text. The typical ACL paper doesn't
revolve around a select few problematic examples anymore unless they are
representative of many test cases. However, that is not the same as
saying, as you did earlier, that NLP has moved away from the "symbolic
approach" to parsing (or more generally, processing) texts. Symbols are
alive and well inside modern NLP applications such as Babelfish, whether
they are represented inside containers such as probability distributions
(a functor and a monad, like all good containers are :).
So, it depends on what the goal of the exercise is. If the goal is to
make the student appreciate how modern NLP applications are specified
and tested, then having them write CFG productions for a toy fragment of
English would not be the right way to go. But if the goal is to make
the student "appreciate how Babelfish works", then there's nothing wrong
with a CFG exercise.
Shriram Krishnamurthi wrote:
> Otherwise you will have
> another generation of students thinking this is how NL is parsed, and
> will be in no position whatsoever to appreciate how something like
> Babelfish works. (YC's message, where he effectively says he has read
> multiple AI books that mentioned NLP and yet they all left him
> unprepared to understand Eli's message, is telling.)
Production rules *are* how real NL is processed, as much as continuation
passing is how real Web applications work and closure conversion is how
real compilers work. It is a different issue what position someone who
only learns about CFGs or continuation passing or closure conversion
is in to appreciate how Babelfish or Amazon or gcc works. (I'm sure
you'll have no trouble finding an email message that describes how
programming languages are implemented nowadays and that someone who has
read multiple PL books is left unprepared to understand. Even if the
message and the books are written in the same NL. :)
We want our revolution, and we want it now! -- Marat/Sade
We want our revolution, and we'll take it at such time as
 you've gotten around to delivering it -- Haskell programmer
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- on 6th September, 2018
Balally Parish Meetings 24th, 25th & 27th September 2018
A series of meetings, to chat about the future of Balally Parish, will be
held as follows;
24th, 25th & 27th September, after the 10am Mass
24th, 25th & 27th September, 7.30pm in the Parish Centre Coffee Dock
You are all welcome to come along and participate.
Items to be discussed include;
2. Why are we no longer captivating so many of our young people for the message of Jesus Christ?
3. Which models of pastoral activity and reflection are most likely to win the hearts of young people for the message of Jesus?
4. How do we teach young people about prayer?
5. How can our parishes respond to these challenges?
6. Which aspects of our dominant culture make it harder for people to understand the message of Jesus?
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