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|This report is an archived publication and may contain dated technical, contact, and link information|
Publication Number: FHWA-RD-95-197
Date: December 1996
Development of Human Factors Guidelines for Advanced Traveler Information Systems and Commercial Vehicle Operations: Comparable Systems Analysis
Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS) and Commercial Vehicle Operations (CVO) systems are important subsets of the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) initiative of the U.S. Department of Transportation. ITS is intended to increase productivity and safety in future transportation systems through the application of advanced technology. The present study was one portion of a large-scale FHWA effort to develop human factors guidelines for ATIS and CVO systems. The objectives of this comparable systems analysis were to identify seven systems representative of ATIS/CVO features and functions, analyze those systems with respect to human factors issues, establish lessons learned in the design and evaluation of the systems, and derive human factors guidelines for future ATIS/CVO systems. Due to several constraints, this study targeted accessible systems in the United States and, therefore, the systems identified and analyzed were not representative of all existing ATIS systems.
A large list of potential candidate systems was compiled by combing the literature and by communicating with members of the ITS community. Seven systems were selected for the comparable systems analysis. The criteria used to select the systems included the following: relevance to ATIS/CVO concepts and features; similarity to specific ATIS subsystems (i.e., IRANS, IMSIS, ISIS, IVSAWS); advanced technology with interactive displays; dynamics of information flow; system complexity; implementation level; user population training level; user time-sharing requirements; and accessibility of the system for analysis. The seven systems selected for analysis were:
TravTek - This was an existing in-vehicle route guidance and navigation system that was undergoing the final phases of testing in Orlando, Florida.
UMTRI - An instrumented vehicle being used to conduct research on in-vehicle displays for navigational and routing purposes. The several years of research experience with navigation displays were expected to produce insightful lessons learned.
Navmate - This route guidance and navigation system was being tested by the manufacturer in rental cars in the San Jose, California area.
OmniTRACS - This system was a CVO-specific system and featured on-board two-way communication through the use of an in-vehicle unit currently installed in more than 50,000 trucks. The system was designed to facilitate the dispatcher-driver communication link with respect to shipment status and delivery, but also allowed route guidance and navigation information to be transmitted and received.
TravelPilot - This in-vehicle display system was installed in Seattle Fire Department trucks to provide two-way communication with a dispatch center. Real-time vehicle location and destination were the primary functions of the system.
Crew Station Research and Development Facility - This Army flight simulator for crew systems research includes several advanced technology features relevant to ATIS/CVO, such as a touchscreen digital map, out-the-window symbology (equivalent to a head-up display), voice interaction, and dynamic information flow with multi-tasking.
Army Helicopter Mission Replanning System - This system features a digital map that incorporated the output of a cognitive decision-aiding system to assist pilots in selecting alternate mission plans and routes.
To reveal as many lessons learned as possible, several methods of analyses were used. A thorough analysis of existing documentation (e.g., technical manuals, schematics, specifications, training videos/manuals, and user manuals) was performed for each system. Many of the lessons learned were derived from human factors heuristic evaluations in which human factors experts analyzed the systems while engaging in direct interaction with the equipment. This method was not possible for all the systems due to limited accessibility. When possible, volunteer target participants were asked to use the system following a structured set of tasks using a verbal protocol analysis wherein the participants were asked to describe their impressions, thoughts, and opinions of the system while they performed the specified tasks. Videotape records of this procedure were collected when possible. Interviews with design team members were intended to collect information about the rationale and criteria for the human factors design of the system. These interviews attempted to discover whether human factors guidelines were used in the design and, if so, were they helpful.
From the thorough data collection efforts, 177 lessons learned were identified. A chapter is dedicated to each system and the lessons derived from each system are listed at the end of each chapter. All the lessons learned were coded such that each could be linked back to the original system. The lessons learned were then grouped and categorized in a process aimed at developing human factors guidelines pertinent to each group. From this activity, 66 preliminary human factors guidelines for ATIS/CVO systems were generated and listed in a separate chapter. The preliminary guidelines produced from this comparable system analysis addressed a wide range of human factors issues, including some that are specific to ATIS/CVO systems, and some relevant to the use of human factors handbooks. Each guideline is accompanied by a list of system-specific codes of the lessons learned that contributed to that guideline. To facilitate use by ATIS and CVO designers and evaluation groups, the guidelines are grouped into 13 categories. The human factors categories and an example of a usability principle for that category identified in the survey of comparable systems are: In-Vehicle Display Design; Controls; User-System Interface; Driver Attention/World/Safety; Driver Information Requirements; Route Guidance/Planning/Navigation; Map Databases; Vehicle Location Accuracy; Driver Acceptance; Communication Between Driver and Dispatch/Help Center; Training Issues/Requirements; Handbooks and Guidelines; and Design Approaches.
The guidelines developed in this report should be considered preliminary. They are based on observation, expert judgment, user opinion, and other subjective analyses. However, the strength of the method used is that these preliminary guidelines were derived from actual ATIS/CVO systems. There is little doubt that preliminary guidelines, even when based on subjective analysis, are more likely to be applicable and relevant when they are derived from existing systems than from different application areas. Empirical validation of these preliminary guidelines is essential before considering them as actual guidelines for the human factors design of ATIS/CVO systems.
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Topics: research, safety
Keywords: research, safety, Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS), Commercial Vehicle Operations (CVO), Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), Intelligent Vehicle-Highway Systems (IVHS)


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OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to examine the association between adolescents' psychological distress and their sexually transmitted disease/human immunodeficiency virus (STD/HIV)-associated sexual behaviors and attitudes. METHOD: Sexually active black adolescent females (N = 522) completed, at baseline and again 6 months later, a self-administered questionnaire that assessed sexual health attitudes and emotional distress symptoms (using standardized measures, alpha =.84), a structured interview that assessed STD/HIV-associated sexual risk behaviors, and a urine screen for pregnancy. RESULTS: In multivariate analyses, controlling for observed covariates, adolescents with significant distress at baseline were more likely than their peers, after 6 months, to be pregnant (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: = 2.0), have had unprotected vaginal sex (AOR = 2.1), have nonmonogamous sex partners (AOR = 1.7), and not use any form of contraception (AOR = 1.5). Additionally, they were also more likely to: perceive barriers to condom use (AOR = 2.2), be fearful of the adverse consequences of negotiating condom use (AOR = 2.0), perceive less control in their relationship (AOR = 2.0), have experienced dating violence (AOR = 2.4), feel less efficacious in negotiating condom use with a new sex partner (AOR = 1.6), and have norms nonsupportive of a healthy sexual relationship (AOR = 1.7). DISCUSSION: The findings suggest that psychological distress is predictive over a 6-month period of a spectrum of STD/HIV-associated sexual behaviors and high-risk attitudes. Brief screening to detect distress or depressive symptoms among adolescent females can alert the clinician to the need to conduct a sexual health history, initiate STD/HIV-preventive counseling, and refer for comprehensive psychological assessment and appropriate treatment. Among adolescents receiving STD treatment, those with even moderate emotional distress may be at heightened risk for further unhealthy outcomes. STD/HIV interventions should also consider psychological distress as one potential risk factor that may impact program efficacy.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Funding of Animal Shelters
The funding of animal shelters is an area that I don't think about much but it may be important to the style of working at a shelter and the attitude of the staff. The number of animal shelters is a symptom of a failure in society in respect of our relationship with companion animals.
Is it fair to say that if a shelter is funded by local government, meaning the taxpayer, the attitude of the staff is going to be different to a shelter that is funded by charitable donations?
I am informed by Dee (Florida) and by my research on the internet that most animal shelters in the USA are funded by local government. I am sure there are some private, charitable, shelters but I'll proceed on the basis that most are funded by the taxpayer. In short they are what we in the UK call "public bodies".
As far as I am aware, most animal shelters in the UK are funded by charitable donations. I could be wrong but I don't know of any publicly funded animal shelters. These are what I would call "private organisations".
There are no formally prepared statistics on how efficient animal shelters are either in the UK or the USA. For example, how many cats are euthanised at shelters? Perhaps the percentage of cats and dogs euthanised is a measure of success and efficiency? Certainly in the USA there has been a huge decline in the percentage of cats and dogs euthanised at shelters since the 1970s. The following figures are estimated and come from HSUS:
USA Number of pets at homes Number cats and dogs euthanised at shelters
1970s 67 million 12-20 million
2013 135 million (dogs and cats) 2.7 million
This is a success story. However, the general view is that when a place is funded by the taxpayer there is lower efficiency in the workplace and motivation can also be at a lower level than in the private sector. This is because there is no competition. Bad work practices can be created under these conditions. This is the reason why in the UK the railways were privatized (it is a failure, however!).
Charitable organisations are possibly more efficient that public bodies because they are commercial enterprises and they are competing with other animal charities for funding. However, charitable are not accountable to the public, which can also result in poor management.
It is almost impossible to find reliable information on euthanasia rates at UK shelters. The RSPCA says that for dogs that had "rehoming potential", in 2009, 3 percent were euthanised. That figure is no better than the USA figure. In fact it is a little worse. However, I don't know if the RSPCA is representative of other charities.
I'd like to know the figures from Cats Protection in the UK, if they have them. They are a very good organisation.
Conclusions? Well, it is not possible to come to a conclusion as to whether animal shelters are better run when funded by charitable donations compared to the taxpayer through local government. This is because there are no measures on efficiency because no one is keeping records and making them public. This is a weakness with animal shelters.
Apparently in the USA, there is an ongoing attempt to build a national database of animal shelter statisitics so that figures can be tracked and shelters can work more in unison. It is called the "the Asilomar Accords".
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Funding of Animal Shelters — 5 Comments
 - I have one word YES. And it is an estimate. It could well be a lot higher. It is legalised mass slaughter and an modern phenomenon, a symptom of the domestication of animals gone wrong.
 1. I only see some small differences between our local Humane Society (so called no-kill) and our local shelter. Most have to do with aesthetics rather than the actual running of each place. In my observations, I do believe that the HSUS may keep slightly better records. I say this because they take the time to gather some history about their adoptees and will post the info. In contrast, the shelter can't provide anything. I think it is important that people are informed about whether cats/dogs came from a one pet home, a home without children, etc.
 On the surface, I find the HSUS presents a cleaner, more welcoming facility. I. also, find the staff to be friendlier and more courteous.
 I, actually, think the HSUS is this way because they do rely on donations. Public contributions and their reputation is very important to them. Whereas, the shelter will get money from me whether thay are nice to me or not.
 2. So are the staff in these government funded shelters employees being paid or are they volunteers?
 I always think volunteers are more likely to be animal lovers and to be kind and compassionate than people doing it for their living are.
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5777 Angel Number – Meaning and Symbolism
Today's modern world is not familiar with many mysteries and many phenomena that exist.
But there are also people who have encountered certain phenomena and who have relayed their experiences throughout our history.
Our topic today will talk about one such phenomenon.
This phenomenon is unknown to many and they do not believe in it, but we can say that this is one of the things that every man would like to experience.
This phenomenon is called Angel Numbers and anyone who has encountered it has said that his life has changed and that he has become happier.
In our world every man has a certain destiny and a certain life path and these numbers can tell us some things about our lives or show us what our future will look like.
Angel Numbers help us to communicate with the angels who have been with us throughout our lives.
They have certain plans and messages that speak to us through these numbers.
Each man has his own number and if it happened to meet with Angel Numbers then we have to understand the message of these numbers and change some life habits or decisions.
Many people have misunderstood this phenomenon and did not want to continue researching these numbers.
We can say that it was a mistake because this phenomenon is a sign that we have something special that can affect our better future.
That is why it is very important for us to understand the signs that these numbers send us because it will help us to be better people and shape our future in the way that we want.
Today we will try to describe to you what Angel Number 5777 says about your present life and your future.
This number carries some hidden messages that you will need to interpret to find your happiness and to create the future that you dreamed of.
What Does Angel Number 5777 Mean?
Angel Number 5777 has specific characteristics and positive vibes that send people a sense of security, ambition, positivity and a desire to move forward.
This number brings a certain dose of happiness that gives people the charisma and confidence that helps them successfully complete each task and gain the necessary experience.
Angel Number 5777 has great power that must be used in the right way.
This number is created from the influence of number 5 and from the triple energy and vibration of number 7.
Number 7 sends a great influence and power to this Angel Number and this number mainly determines how the people in this number will create a life path.
Number 5 does not have too much influence on this number but it does have some impacts. This number may provide some characteristics that are important, but they are not in very large quantities.
For this number we can say that it is a very positive number and therefore describes people who have a strong character and a strong will to achieve great success in life.
They are very good friends, parents and they will always be there to help you and give you different life advice.
Number 5 also describes people who are loyal and sincere and who will always express love for their partners.
This number also influences on life decisions and if you decide to start a new business this number tells you that you will have a good start.
Number 7 represents experience, charisma, talent, creativity and courage. This number helps us to be successful in various areas of life.
Number 7 represents a large number of successful people who have managed to gain fame and a good financial life.
This number also gives a certain amount of courage that helps us to overcome many of life's obstacles.
Number 7 helps us to forget the ugly things of the past and helps us to keep going and think about our future.
This number has a good impact on our mental and physical strength and describes people who have the strong will and desire to thrive in all areas of life.
This number, combined with other numbers, gives a great deal of luck in future periods.
Number 7 appears 3 times in Angel Number 5777, so we can say that it exerts a triple impact and gives triple energy.
Therefore, the influence of this number is very strong and it is the main one in the creation of human character.
Angel Number 5777 is also closely related to Number 26 because the sum of its numbers gives Number 26.
Number 26 brings additional motivation and courage.
The Secret Meaning and Symbolism
Angel Number 5777 is a number associated with people who have been able to show their creative side to other people and to make financial success from it.
This Angel Number gives people a great deal of motivation and desire to move forward, which is why they are always at the top of society.
People in this number are never satisfied with the results that they achieved and they feel that they can always achieve more.
Their motive for life is work and progress, which is why they rarely take a break.
Sometimes they neglect family and friends, but this is not a sign that they do not like them.
Angel Number 5777 has many hidden symbols and messages and one of them is that sometimes you have to take a break and dedicate yourself to other things in life.
You are a person who is full of ambition and it is certain that you will continue to succeed in the future.
The people in this issue are also humanists, and they often want to help other people.
Angel Number 5777 also symbolizes physicians, professors, scientists and people who contribute to society.
This number has a strong and specific energy and that is why these people are generally successful in different fields of life.
They are very loyal and sincere friends and they would never fail to meet your expectations.
Love and Number 5777
Angel Number 5777 has a loving energy that must be used on the right partner.
The people in this number are free spirited and they are great adventurers who like to experiment.
If you try to deprive these people of their freedom, they will not allow you.
They want to find a partner who will have the same thinking and qualities as them.
These individuals possess charisma, positivity and therefore it is not difficult for them to make a good impression on other people.
Angel Number 5777 also describes people who, when married, often spend a lot of time at work.
This number advises that you sometimes take the time for your partner and go on a joint trip and take a vacation.
Angel Number 5777 says that there is only one life and that you must take the maximum of it.
Interesting Facts about Number 5777
5777 is the name of a sci-fi movie that has gained popularity in Germany.
5777 is the name of a weapon used in World War II.
5777 is the name of a Japanese video game.
What To Do When You See Angel Number 5777?
The most important thing is to continue with your plans, but also to take a short break from your business life.
Remember that life is one and that you have to create beautiful periods in it.
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Density Functional Theory: A Practical Introduction
Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Author(s): David S. Sholl, Janice A. Steckel
Published Online: 11 AUG 2009
Print ISBN: 9780470373170
Online ISBN: 9780470447710
About this Book
About The Product
Demonstrates how anyone in math, science, and engineering can master DFT calculations
Density functional theory (DFT) is one of the most frequently used computational tools for studying and predicting the properties of isolated molecules, bulk solids, and material interfaces, including surfaces. Although the theoretical underpinnings of DFT are quite complicated, this book demonstrates that the basic concepts underlying the calculations are simple enough to be understood by anyone with a background in chemistry, physics, engineering, or mathematics. The authors show how the widespread availability of powerful DFT codes makes it possible for students and researchers to apply this important computational technique to a broad range of fundamental and applied problems.
Density Functional Theory: A Practical Introduction offers a concise, easy-to-follow introduction to the key concepts and practical applications of DFT, focusing on plane-wave DFT. The authors have many years of experience introducing DFT to students from a variety of backgrounds. The book therefore offers several features that have proven to be helpful in enabling students to master the subject, including:
Problem sets in each chapter that give readers the opportunity to test their knowledge by performing their own calculations
Worked examples that demonstrate how DFT calculations are used to solve real-world problems
Further readings listed in each chapter enabling readers to investigate specific topics in greater depth
This text is written at a level suitable for individuals from a variety of scientific, mathematical, and engineering backgrounds. No previous experience working with DFT calculations is needed.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


How to Protect Your Aura
January 9, 2013
Aura Protection
Your aura is your own private magic circle or sacred space. It surrounds your entire energetic body and shields it from outside influences when working properly. This is your space and yours alone. Because everything in your aura will ultimately manifest in your reality, you need to keep your aura separate from others.
Are there disagreements among healers concerning setting boundaries? Well, I've read books where authors encouraged readers to use their aura to reach out and touch others to attract the things that they desire. I disagree with using this method of manifesting. I find it to be dangerous for both the individual and the target. Doing so would result in an exchange of energy. Any illness, problems, and negative entities that individual have attached to them could easily transfer to the other person. Therefore, in my opinion, exchanging energy is never desirable unless one is a psychic vampire. In those cases, the predator (psychic vampire) is draining the host (target) of vital energy. In extreme cases, a psychic vampire could use the host energy body to be their psychic dump site! This is another good reason to keep your aura clean.
 Setting Up Your Aura and Energy Boundaries
In public: You should keep your aura close to your body when in the general public: this includes work. For this to work you need to learn to flex your psychic muscles.This can be accomplished by telling your aura to come closer to your physical body. Because energy follows thought, if you tell it to come closer it will.
Environments known to hold a lot of negative energy: Some environments are known to hold a lot of negative energy: jails, court houses, hospitals, and bars to name a few. These places are psychic dump sites that absorbs negative energy from the individuals that patron it. This energy is then passed on to those with weak auras.
Friends or Strangers discussing their problemsYou need to keep your aura close during these times more than others. Because a grieving person's energies are so erratic, they could easily transfer their problems on to those sympathetic to them without knowing. This is a form of psychic vampirism. However, in this case, the individual is doing it unconsciously.
During Intimacy: During intimacy you exchange energy for a brief period of time. If you keep your aura strong the exchange will only be temporary. Your aura will return to its original state within a short period of time (within hours). However, if your aura is weak the change can be lasting. This is not desirable regardless of how much you love the other person. You do not want to take on their problems (karmic) or energy. If you find yourself suffering from issues current in your Lover's life consider doubling up on your aura cleaning


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Originally posted on Rockies Venture Club Blog
Recently declared the third most investable startup at the 2013 Angel Capital Summit, Boulder based Swift Tram wants to revolutionize public transportation by taking it high above the streets. The company envisions riders zipping along in suspended coaches 20 feet off the ground, gliding unimpeded over traffic jams, accidents, and icy roads to reach their destinations quickly and predictably. And, perhaps best of all, Swift Tram expects construction of its routes to cost less and take less time than adding light rail or bus lanes to existing travel routes.
With such an attractive set of benefits, observers could be excused for wondering why no one has gone down this road before. In fact, they have: a suspended coach system (also called a suspended monorail) built in Wuppertal, Germany in 1901 is still running today. More recently, Siemens completed one in 2003, and Aerobus is supposedly building one in Weihai, China, but its current status is unclear. However, despite these examples and a number of others not listed, suspended coaches have played a very minor role in public transportation to date.
What makes Swift Tram different? According to Founder and CEO Carl Lawrence, it's the cumulative effect of many recent technological advancements all incorporated into a new, modern design. Swift Tram has filed two provisional patents covering advancements intended to, among other things, improve the speed, efficiency and reliability of suspended coach systems while reducing operating costs. Understanding the company's innovations first requires a general explanation of their new approach to an old method of transportation.
The Swift Tram system consists of coaches suspended beneath large tubular guideways that are supported by regularly spaced towers. Drive bogies travel through the inside of the hollow guideways and connect to the passenger carrying coaches beneath them through a channel that cuts through the bottom of the guideways. The bogies are the true heart of the system: they contain motors powered by electricity delivered through the guideways, and house the intelligence that enables the fully automated system.
The bogies will be designed to carry the coaches at average speeds of 45 to 75 mph, and will be fully automated, so no driver will be required in the coaches. The ability to operate without drivers is key to the operational efficiencies Swift Tram is counting on to make its approach economical. Not only does it allow the company to save the labor costs associated with drivers, but it significantly reduces the overhead associated with running smaller, more frequent coaches. By running coaches more frequently Swift Tram would reduce wait times for passengers, leading to happier passengers and, ideally, increased ridership.
Efficiency gains in the bogies would come from incremental improvements over historical designs, such as the use of regenerative braking and smaller, more efficient motors. At the system level, smaller motors would enable smaller bogies and smaller guideways, cutting construction and material costs. Swift Tram plans to pursue additional system level efficiencies by designing smart bogies that can coordinate their activities to minimize power draw system wide. In addition to using less electricity than traditional suspended coach drive mechanisms, they also would reduce the size of the electric grid required to support the system, again cutting construction and material costs.
By incorporating these and other design improvements drawn from recent developments in the smart grid, electric vehicle, and related industries, Swift Tram hopes to pull together a system that overcomes the challenges that have slowed widespread adoption of suspended coaches to date.
Currently, Swift Tram is focused on establishing the partnerships it will need to realize its vision. The company plans to manufacture the drive bogies, outfit the coaches, and develop the software for the control centers in-house, while manufacturing and construction of other system components will be outsourced. An in-house prototype of the bogie is under development, and Swift is raising a $1M seed round to support the engineering design of the total system. The company anticipates raising a couple of additional rounds to support prototyping, testing, and manufacturing before it sees initial revenue in 2016.
If Swift Tram is successful in helping public transportation rise above the fray, the ramifications could be significant. Metropolitan areas all over the world suffer from severe traffic congestion, and a cost effective solution that reduces travel time without adding to the ground-level footprint of transportation infrastructure has a lot of appeal. The array of approaches to suspended coaches that have come and gone without catching on provide a testament to the challenges Swift Tram faces, but if the company overcomes them it should find lots of riders who have been waiting for a better transportation option. Waiting in traffic jams, waiting for trains that aren't scheduled to arrive for another 30 minutes, and waiting for buses that should have arrived 10 minutes ago.


Theme and conflict in death
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Arthur Miller makes formal choices related to theme and conflict in Death of A Salesman. This results from the historical context and Miller's personal vision. Discuss theme and conflict in Death of A Salesman.Cite speeches and scenes that illuminate the theme in each case and that bring out the conflict.
Write 2 pages, double-spaced.
Attached is the act: "Death of A Salesman by Arthur Miller" read through it and write the paper.


Types of Staples
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Staples hold two or more objects together by punching through the material and bending back on themselves. There are a variety of staples used for different types of paper and various thicknesses. Research the intended purpose for the types of staples in your home or office to ensure they are being used for the proper tasks.
Standard Staples
Standard staples are the most common types of staples found in homes and offices. They are 1/4 of an inch in length and have beveled tips, or tips that are perpendicular to the ends that connect to them. These types of staples will fit any standard stapler. Standard staples will hold pieces of paper to walls and cork boards.
Heavy-Duty Staples
Heavy-duty staples are made thicker than standard staples. They come in 1/4-inch, 3/8-inch, 1/2-inch and 3/4-inch lengths. There are fewer heavy-duty staples per strip than with standard staples because of their thicker width. Heavy-duty staples can puncture through more pieces of paper, usually up to 20 or more. The points are chiseled to penetrate more material than a standard staple. They can also hold heavier objects on walls and cork boards. Heavy-duty staples also work well to bind thick material, such as denim, if you are in need of a quick wardrobe fix.
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Mini-staplers are marketed primarily to students. These lighter, smaller staples travel well and take up less space. The stapler will require smaller staples than those used in standard staplers. Mini-staples are harder to find and are usually made for a certain brand of stapler. These staplers provide a way to bind papers together when on the fly. They will not be able to staple a significant amount of paper together, however, because of their small size.
Construction Staples
Staples are also used in home repair and construction jobs. These staples are thick and have highly chiseled tips. This type of staple is ejected out of the stapler at a high speed. This makes using a professional stapler dangerous and you should exercise safety and caution. Wear safety glasses and gloves. High intensity staples are used to staple dry wall to 2-by-4 wood frames.


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How to celebrate Indigenous Peoples' Day
Over the last few years, the number of states, cities, and local communities opting to celebrate Native American history and culture in lieu of Columbus Day has been growing. There is an Indigenous People's Day celebration being observed on the campus of Marshall University and West Virginia University will be holding its 25th Annual Peace Tree ceremony on October 10th. If you are not able to make it to Huntington or Morgantown but would still like to learn more, here are three simple ways you can expand your knowledge.
1. Learn and share with your family and friends the historically accurate story of Columbus and his trip to the Americas.
This piece of history and the outcomes of this initial European contact with the existing population of the Americas is an important part of our history that is often misunderstood and continues stereotypes. Check out "10 Things You May Not Know About Christopher Columbus." Two great books for 3rd to 5th grade elementary students are "Morning Girl" by Michael Dorris and "Encounter" by Jane Yolen. These two books tell the story of Columbus' arrival from the point of view of Taíno children.
Also, take the time to learn about the Doctrine of Discovery and its effects on the Native population in the Americas. Below is a short video testimonial by the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) on the Doctrine of Discovery and how it has effected them for hundreds of years.
2. Actively fight against Native American stereotypes.
Firstly, many ideas, images, and phrases have entered popular American culture that are derogatory, negative, or flat out wrong. Understanding Prejudice has created a great list of some of these cultural items that we can all stop using or allowing to be used.
Secondly, we can pay attention to the way that Hollywood has shaped how the Native American is viewed in popular culture via film.
Personally understanding that Native American culture is not homogenous, nor should it be spoken about as a past event relegated to our history books is an important step as well. Native American culture is richly interwoven in thriving communities throughout the nation today.
3. Use today to celebrate Native American culture and to shine light on issues facing Native American citizens of the United States.
From joblessness, violence, poverty, and other challenges, Native Americans are facing a plethora of issues that are not widely covered by the media. Take some time to research these issues and then speak up.
Use your voice to bring light to these issues on Indigenous People's Day!


Do Trout Have Teeth?
Most species of trout do have teeth, although depending on the species the teeth may be located in different places. For example, rainbow trout have a mouth that doesn't go past the back of their eyes and teeth that are located along the roof of their mouth whereas other species of trout have teeth that are located along the base of their tongue (known as hyoid teeth).
When some trout are feeding they often engulf their prey. Sometimes they may follow their moving prey very slowly or their prey may be carried by the current in front of a trout which has happened to open its mouth. When this happens the trout's gills flare up and the prey is sucked into the fish's mouth. Here, the prey is then trapped by the tongue against the roof of the mouth as a means to "test" the food and it is then either swallowed or expelled. This process is done very quickly.
To engulf some prey would pose a deadly threat to these fish. For instance, the Freshwater crayfish is equipped with spikes and a spine that would catch in the throat of a trout and result in choking the fish. It is for this reason that the crayfish must be grasped and turned tail first toward the throat and then swallowed. This grasping feeding system is done by the trout using its small, sharp grasping teeth.
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An Australian woman, who lost her vision due to retinitis pigmentosa, is now able to see spots of lights. All this has happened due to a procedure, which is said to be an early prototype of bionic eye.
Dianne Ashworth, 54, is the first person, who has become the first person to have bionic eye fitted. The surgery, which took place at the Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, fitted electrodes in the retina. These electrodes in return provided electrical impulses to eyes through nerve cells, which let Ashworth to see light.
The world's first bionic eye prototype, which has been implanted in the eyes of Ashworth, was being developed at the Bionics Institute, East Melbourne. Study researchers were of the view that Ashworth's experience with her new eyes will help them know about how brain reacts to the procedure.
Accordingly, they will work towards bionic eyes, which will help blind to have independent mobility. "The team is looking for consistency of shapes, brightness, size and location of flashes to determine how the brain interprets this information", said Rob Shepherd, who is the director of Bionics Institute. Next aim will be to test electrical stimulations at various levels, further affirmed Shepherd.
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- Guess who Justin Bieber got burned by?!! His ex-girlfriend Selena Gomez


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Definition of Sensitivity
Sensitivity: 1. In psychology, the quality of being sensitive. As, for example, sensitivity training, training in small groups to develop a sensitive awareness and understanding of oneself and of ones relationships with others. 2. In disease epidemiology, the ability of a system to detect epidemics and other changes in disease occurrence. 3. In screening for a disease, the proportion of persons with the disease who are correctly identified by a screening test. 4. In the definition of a disease, the proportion of persons with the disease who are correctly identified by defined criteria.Source: MedTerms™ Medical Dictionary
Last Editorial Review: 6/14/2012
Find out what women really need.


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Medicine Adherence and Star Ratings
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the direct cost of medicine non-adherence is estimated at $100 billion to $289 billion annually. Improving medication adherence is critical to patients, health care providers, health insurers, pharmacy and other stakeholders, because increased adherence equates to improved outcomes.
Medicare contracted health plans are evaluated annually by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) through the Five-Star quality ratings system to measure their performance. Medicare-contracted health plans are given a star rating (1 to 5 stars) – one star representing low performance, and five stars representing excellent performance.
Read the white paper on star ratings and understand how payers and pharmacists are developing strategies to improve medication adherence.
- Developing a deep understanding of the member population
- Analyzing clinical needs, behaviors and barriers to adherence
- Developing tools and resources to monitor patients' adherence behavior and clinical outcomes
- Creating collaborative platforms among payers, health care providers, pharmacists and members
- Utilizing patient education materials to help patients understand their disease, their treatment and the negative impact of non-adherence
About Clinical Solutions
Elsevier Clinical Solutions empowers healthcare providers and educates patients, driving the delivery of high quality, economically sound care through world-class clinical content integrated within clinical workflow and EHR systems.


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Athos Bousvaros, MD, and Susan Kornetsky, MPH, both of Boston Children's Hospital, recently created a comic book, titled Sophie's Science Project, to help teach children about medical research. Below Dr. Athos shares their motivation for creating the comic book and what they hope it will accomplish.
For children and adolescents to participate in pediatric clinical research, parental permission is needed, but the children themselves are also expected to provide assent. Assent is defined by the US Department of Health and Human Services as "a child's affirmative agreement to participate in research." For many clinical studies, assent is documented by either having a child co-sign a five to fifteen page document filled with legalese (that in many cases even the parents barely understand), or sign a separate assent form. Usually, children participating in research projects agree with what their parents recommend, without having any clear knowledge of what research is or why research is being done. Investigators are actively working to address this gap in subject education by developing various initiatives, including efforts to simplify the consent/assent process and to determine what is really required in consent documents.
We took a "low tech" approach to educate children about research and the informed consent process, utilizing a medium that American writers and artists pioneered in the first half of the 20th century: comic books. Comics have been a mainstay of American popular culture since Superman first appeared in Action Comics #1 (June, 1938). In the 1940s, printed comics were selling millions of copies per issue, but the development of newer media (movies, television, and the internet) resulted in gradual declines in circulation.
The views, opinions and positions expressed by these authors and blogs are theirs and do not necessarily represent that of the Bioethics Research Library and Kennedy Institute of Ethics or Georgetown University.


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I am working with a numerical application where some known techniques solve $\Delta u=\rho$ for $\rho(x,y)\geq0$ defined on a planar rectangle (given as the density of a large pointset). Since the application is related to transportation problems, I suspect that solving Monge-Ampere $\det(D^2 u)=\rho$ (with the same boundary conditions) may work better. Hence, the following questions.
 1. What are the most striking differences between the two PDEs? It would be useful to have examples of $\rho$ leading to very different solutions, and to identify general properties of individual solutions that differ between the two equations. For example, do solutions of Poisson's equation with nonzero $\rho$ minimize some useful functionals?
 2. Are the best numerical techniques for these equations essentially the same? The answers may differ if best is interpreted in terms of speed/convergence, robustness, ease of programming, support in Matlab, or availability of open-source solvers.
 3. Should I expect the (nonlinear) Monge-Ampere equation to be more difficult to solve (numerically) than the Poisson's equation with the same $\rho$ and the same boundary conditions? Is it possible/practical to solve Monge-Ampere by somehow solving/resolving Poisson's equation?
 4. What are good references on these topics?
Just in case, my $\rho$ can be heavily concentrated in small regions, often vanishes in other regions, and may experience sharp steps-like discontinuities. But this can be papered over by Gaussian smoothing (at some cost).
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Thinking aloud: for #1, we may want to consider two cases (1) $\rho$ with well-articulated saddle points and (2) $\rho$ without saddle points. – Igor Markov Feb 6 '12 at 9:56
Your reasons for wanting to consider the Monge-Ampere equation are rather vaguely stated, and your questions about the equation are quite broad. The differences are sufficiently big that you should not pursue this unless the application really does call for the Monge-Ampere equation, which is nonlinear, not necessarily elliptic, and therefore much more difficult to work with numerically. I also see that you are at Michigan, so I encourage you to consult colleagues in the math department and maybe even others in your own department about this. – Deane Yang Feb 6 '12 at 10:26
A basic difference is that the Laplacian is invariant under Euclidean motions, while the Hessian determinant is invariant under unimodular affine motions. – Dan Fox Feb 6 '12 at 14:40
Hmm... I am not sure how to exploit such invariance in my case, since the domain is bounded and $\rho$ seems unlikely to be invariant. – Igor Markov Feb 6 '12 at 23:22
Igor, my point was that the local geometry naturally associated to the two operators is different, so already in the case where the domain is the entire space and $\rho$ is a constant, or for the Dirichlet problem, the equations/solutions behave quite differently. The Monge-Ampere equation is more difficult than the Laplacian. As Deane Yang has pointed out above, the nonlinearity/linearity is one reason. The local geometry is another. On the other hand, by the arithmetic/geometric mean inequality there is some relation. In this regard see papers of Dean/Glowinski about the M-A case. – Dan Fox Feb 7 '12 at 8:22
1 Answer 1
up vote 1 down vote accepted
I agree with Deane Yang's comment and will try to expand on it in this answer.
First, the standard formulation of the Monge-Ampere equation is $ \det(D^2u)=\rho $.
Second, the Monge-Ampere equation and the Poisson equation are completely different, and the numerical techniques for the two problems are very different. The Monge-Ampere equation is fully nonlinear and will in general be much more difficult to solve numerically.
Finally, a recent paper on numerical methods for Monge-Ampere is S.C. Brenner, T. Gudi, M. Neilan, and L.-Y. Sung, C0 penalty methods for the fully nonlinear Monge-Ampere equation, Mathematics of Computation, 80:_PHONE_, 2011. The references inside should give you a starting point for your questions.
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Omitting $det$ in the question was a typo (sorry!) - I fixed that. – Igor Markov Feb 6 '12 at 17:16
_USER_, _USER_ - I am looking at ''A gradient descent solution to the Monge-Kantorovich problem,'' Chartrand et al (Applied Math Sci 2009, 3(22))…. This should explain my interest in $\det(D^2u)=ρ$ (but not the use of $Δu=ρ$ by others). Sections 3 and 4 apparently imply a straightforward numerical solution technique for Monge-Ampere --- consider $f_2=const$ in Formulas 14 and 24. How do I reconcile this with "much more difficult to solve numerically"? Thx for your help. – Igor Markov Feb 6 '12 at 17:32
Igor, I confess to being a pure mathematician who knows very little about numerical solutions of PDE's. My answer was based on the general belief that linear PDE's are usually much easier to solve numerically than nonlinear ones. But the paper you found does appear to find a very nice unconstrained variational approach to solving certain types of elliptic Monge-Ampere equation. If that's exactly what you need, then that's great! – Deane Yang Feb 6 '12 at 17:36
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An 8-mile multi-use path is all that separates the potholed streets and tired row houses that surround Center City Philadelphia and the front step of the Wissahickon valley. Within minutes of dodging bumpers and gutters belching steam a rider can be bombing meticulously maintained singletrack in the nation's oldest municipal park. Situated northwest of downtown, the Wissahickon valley was acquired by the city of Philadelphia in 1868 for use as a public space. The fast moving waters of the creek had sustained mills and industry prompting the city to take control of the creek in order to preserve quality of the water as it flowed into the city below.
Soon after the acquisition the buildings were demolished, the taverns taken down and 140 years later those efforts have left undeveloped woodlands within the major metropolitan city. Artists have long reflected on the gorge's beauty, including a group of self proclaimed mystics who settled into the valley walls in preparation for the expected end of the world in 1694. The end never came. Today, some foundations remain, bridges and dams too, but all have faded softly into the landscape as if there were built generations before solely for the purpose of making the valley more conducive to mountain biking.
A road running creek side was converted to a crushed gravel path after motor traffic was forbidden sometime in the 1920's. "Forbidden Road" serves as the main artery for the 15 mile singletrack loop that tucks high on the valley walls. The path provides multiple access points to the loop and is a fast and rolling stomp for cyclocross riders. It crosses the creek several times as it rolls up the gorge from the confluence with the Schuylkill River.
On the first official day of Fall I went to rediscover the park and it's after summer beauty. The entire Northeast had sweltered through an epic summer but the end was in
Princeton Tec


Color in Persuasive Graphics
Color is a major consideration in any graphics project, but it's an especially loaded issue when it comes to persuasive graphics, such as those used as trial exhibits. Some people think that color response is purely subjective. It certainly seems that way when I point out a color that I like to my husband, a beautiful mid-value shade of warm gray perhaps, and his response is "what, you mean beige?" While many factors can influence a person's reaction to color–including context, mood and good taste (if I do say so myself)—there are certain color connotations that are almost universal within a culture. Across cultures, they can differ. And even within a culture, some of these connotations are contradictory, which is part of what makes color selection so tricky.
Red, for instance is associated with both danger and love. Blue can represent calmness and security as well as depression. Grey can connote prestige or lack of importance. It all depends on how the color is used and in what context.
So while the color scheme of any particular graphic must be chosen for balance, appeal and emphasis, emotional content also has to be considered.


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A Hot Paper for Warm Weather: Research on Fire and Climate Change Honored
When the weather warms up in the American West, most people are just enjoying the blooms and greenery. But fire-watchers know the lush landscape will turn into tinder when temperatures soar. And the more plant material there is, the more flammable the countryside will become.
One researcher watching the fire seasons with particular attention is UC Merced's Tony Westerling, jointly appointed in the School of Engineering and the School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Arts. Westerling's 2006 paper about large wildfires and climate change, published in the journal "Science," was cited by Thomson Scientific's ScienceWatch.com as the Fast-breaking Paper of the Month in geosciences for February 2008.
The paper was in the top 1 percent of papers in the geosciences in terms of being cited by other scientists in their publications. It also showed the largest percentage increase in citations in the past few months of any highly -cited paper in the geosciences.
Westerling's paper gained national attention on its publication, with articles appearing in newspapers nationwide. The new assistant professor even found himself a guest on National Public Radio's Science Friday before starting work at UC Merced in July 2006.
He and his colleagues at the University of Arizona published a statement in 2007 following severe fires in Southern California clarifying what kinds of fires their research had successfully linked to global climate change. The Southern California chaparral fires were not among the group – their research focused on forest fires. This 2007 statement also gained widespread notice in the media.
ScienceWatch.com has published commentary by Westerling about the 2006 paper and his own background and experience. The site also plans a podcast interview with him.
In the commentary, Westerling noted that the increase in forest fires "has been very large, in terms of the number of large forest wildfires, total area burned in these fires, the length of the fire season, and the length of time individual fires burn."
"This research is the first to conclusively link the increase in wildfire to trends toward warming and earlier springs, implying that global warming will tend to increase wildfire in forest ecosystems where snow plays an important role in the hydrology," he said.


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When a problem occurs, logs are one of your strongest assets. They provide tons of important data including error messages, memory dumps, and stack traces. This helps with troubleshooting by identifying what the problem is, where it occurred, and providing contextual information and traceability.
In this section, we'll demonstrate how logs are useful for troubleshooting and resolving common problems in Python applications.
Users expect modern applications to be fast and reliable. Any issues affecting service quality need to be identified and addressed quickly, otherwise users might abandon your application for a competitor's. Resolving application problems involves these basic steps:
To demonstrate troubleshooting via logs, we'll use MDN Local Library, a Django application that provides a book library catalog. While this is a Django application, these techniques can help you debug any Python application.
First, we configured the Django logging framework to send all logs to syslog. We then forwarded syslog events to SolarWinds® Loggly®, a cloud-based log management solution, so we can more easily parse and search our logs.
Exceptions occur when an application reaches an unexpected or unmanageable execution state. Exceptions can threaten the entire application's stability, making it essential to identify and handle them as quickly as possible.
The easiest way to log an exception is with the
logger.exception() method. Calling it from an exception handler (such as a catch block) automatically appends exception data to the message and logs it as an error.
For example, the local library app tracks several fields for each book, including the title, author, and genre. Let's say we want to add a new field called "publication_year." We'll add the year to the Book model in the file
/catalog/models.py, then add HTML to render the field in
/catalog/templates/catalog/book_detail.html. However, when we restart the app and load the book catalog, we see a generic error page showing "Server Error (500)." What happened?
First, let's search for logs where the server response has an HTTP status code of 500. We can do this in Loggly by searching "json.status_code:500." This gives us two recent log events: one for the request and one for the server.
A Django request log resulting in an HTTP 500 Internal Server Error. © 2019 SolarWinds, Inc. All rights reserved.
The server response includes a traceback in the json.exc_info field, which gives us the exact cause of the error:
A Django server log showing the cause of an internal server error. © 2019 SolarWinds, Inc. All rights reserved.
sqlite3.OperationalError: no such column: catalog_book.publication_year shows that the cause was the SQLite backend not finding the publication_year column in the database. In other words, we forgot to migrate our database before restarting Django. We can fix this issue with the following commands:
$ python manage.py makemigrations Migrations for 'catalog': catalog/migrations/0023_book_publication_year.py •Add field publication_year to book $ python manage.py migrate Operations to perform: Apply all migrations: admin, auth, catalog, contenttypes, sessions Running migrations: Applying catalog.0023_book_publication_year... OK
Web application frameworks like Django process requests by mapping URLs to Python functions. This is known as a URLconf (URL configuration). When a request comes in, Django uses the URL's components to determine which method to run. For example, if a user opens http://localhost:8000/catalog/books, Django calls the
BookListView.as_view() method, which renders a list of books as HTML.
However, routes sometimes fail, or don't work as expected. When this happens, logs can tell you exactly what URL the user was requesting and why Django failed to properly route it.
For example, let's say a recent code change causes all user logins to return a 404 error. Searching for logs with "json.status_code:404" shows several results similar to the following:
A 404 error due to an invalid URL. © 2019 SolarWinds, Inc. All rights reserved.
/catalog/mybook/ URL doesn't exist, but why are users requesting it? Maybe there's a bad link somewhere in the application. If we look at the event immediately preceding it, we see the user sent a POST to the login page, which affirms they came from the login page:
A form submission (POST) resulting in a 404 error. © 2019 SolarWinds, Inc. All rights reserved.
It turns out a typo in the login page is failing to redirect to their checked-out books when they log in. If we change the route to
/catalog/mybooks/, the 404 errors disappear.
Some problems require more interactive forms of debugging. There are several tools you can use to debug Python applications, even ones running in production.
The Python debugger—also called PDB—is a source code debugger that can step through code, set breakpoints, inspect stack frames, and inject arbitrary code during execution. It also supports post-mortem debugging (inspecting a program's state after an unexpected exit).
You can invoke PDB from a Python application using the
breakpoint() method. Alternatively, you can start PDB from the command line by running
python -m pdb .py.
One risk of using PDB in production is calling the debugger will pause your program's execution. This can cause requests to time out and fail, especially if you're stepping through code. You can use PDB to build and test your application, then disable the breakpoint() calls in production by setting the
PYTHONBREAKPOINT environment variable to 0.
Where PDB requires you to modify or re-run your application, dynamic tracing tools can observe running applications without having to change or restart them. The most well-known is DTrace, which can extract information from processes such as memory usage, function calls, and garbage collection processes. As an example, Wallaroo Labs demonstrates using DTrace to measure the latency of function calls in Python.
To learn more, visit the Python how to page on instrumenting CPython with DTrace and SystemTap.


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Linkages are shown between debt, forests, macroeconomic and microeconomic conditions, and the public sector.
What economic factors have contributed to the recent rapid deforestation in tropical countries? Has the increase in external debt led to increased deforestation in these countries?
The deforestation and degradation of tropical forests are taking place at an extremely rapid pace. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the estimated annual rate of tropical deforestation during the _PHONE_ period was 113,846 square kilometers or 0.6% of the 1981 total forested area. The implications of the loss of these forests are staggering.
Tropical forests are extremely rich ecosystems that support a disproportionate large share of the world's plant and animal species. Forests play a crucial role in both nutrient and hydrological cycling and may provide sustainable economic benefits through managed harvesting of timber and the collection of non-timber products such as fruits, nuts, and rubber. Also, deforestation is a significant source of global warming through its effects on the global carbon cycle.
This study focuses on the relationship between debt and deforestation, examining conceptual and empirical arguments that debt is a source of deforestation pressure. It was shown that debt is significantly correlated with deforestation under a wide variety of assumptions and specifications.
Kahn, J. R. and J. A. McDonald. 1994. Third World debt and tropical deforestation. Ecological Economics (submitted).
Integrated Assessment Briefs. 1995. ORNL/M-4227. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN.


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Returns the number of characters available in the get area. If a read position is available, effectively returns egptr() - gptr(), the size of the get area. In this case, the number of bytes returned is the number of bytes that can be extracted from the buffer without calling underflow().
If the get area is empty, calls showmanyc() to determine the number of bytes available in the associated character sequence. In this case, the value returned is the number of bytes that can be extracted from the buffer while it's guaranteed that underflow() would not return
 Return value
The number of characters available for non-blocking read (either the size of the get area or the number of characters ready for reading from the associated character sequence), or -1 if no characters are available in the associated sequence as far as showmanyc() can tell.
|This section is incomplete|
Reason: no example
 See also
| optionally provides the number of characters available for input from the file |
(virtual protected member function of
| extracts already available blocks of characters |
(public member function of


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You can get the [x y z] vector of each as follows:
r = _PHONE_ + alt
x = r*cos(lat)*cos(lon)
y = r*cos(lat)*sin(lon)
z = r*sin(lat)
Then subtract the vectors from each other. Make sure your lat and lon are expressed in radians.
Note that I have assumed a spherical model of the earth, which will yield very good answers in proportional terms — less than 0.3% worst case, based on a scratch-of-the-head "calculation", and much, much less for points that are within a few degrees of each other. If you need an answer that's good down to the meter regardless of the distance, you will need to use an ellipsoidal model, such as WGS 84 (thanks to _USER_ for pointing this out). In that case, you can replace _PHONE_ with the equatorial radius, _PHONE_, and multiply z by (1 – 1/298.257223563).


Lightweight forged differential
Differentials are found in all vehicles – in four-wheel drives there are even two of them. They are mostly designed as a hypoid-toothed ring gear or as an input gear with helical teeth on the outside. Both types are connected to a cast housing. This can lead to geometry duplications (e.g. for fastening) which increase the system mass. Hirschvogel opts for a forged component area which can be designed very thin due to the high Young's modulus and the high strength of the steel. Welding the part to a ring gear or speed gear (whose central area then forms the cover of the differential housing) leads to significant weight savings compared to conventional solutions.
Technical specifications
Application Area Differential, powertrain
Material Case-hardening steel for toothed part, bainitic or dispersion-hardening steel for housing component; both materials have good weldability
Porduction process Forged, machined, heat treatment, joined
Characteristics Lightweight solution beyond conventional approaches


TY - JOUR T1 - Influences on medical student career choice: Gender or generation? AU - Sanfey HA AU - Saalwachter-Schulman AR AU - Nyhof-Young JM AU - Eidelson B AU - Mann BD Y1 - 2006/11/01 N1 - 10.1001/archsurg.141.11.1086 JO - Archives of Surgery SP - 1086 EP - 1094 VL - 141 IS - 11 N2 - Hypothesis We hypothesized that increased enrollment of female medical students and different priorities of the current generation of students would be important influences on the declining interest in surgical careers.Design Students scored statements on surgical careers on 5-point Likert scales regarding agreement and whether these statements encouraged them to pursue a career in surgery. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Qualitative comments were iteratively coded using a constant comparative method.Setting Nine US medical schools.Participants A Web-based survey on the Association for Surgical Education server was e-mailed to medical students. A total of 1300 of the 1365 respondents stated their sex.Main Outcome Measures The survey asked questions pertaining to surgical life, surgical residency, surgeons as influence, equity, family, and other influences.Results A total of 680 (52%) of the 1300 respondents were male. Men and women disagreed about whether surgeons lead well-balanced lives (68% and 77%, respectively) and saw this as a deterrent. A total of 35% of women (3% men; P<.001) were discouraged by a lack of female role models. Compared with students unlikely to study surgery, lower percentages of male (74% vs 65%) and female students (85% vs 58%) likely to study surgery agreed that career choice was influenced by their decision to have a family (P=.01 for men, P<.001 for women). Of medical students who agreed that their skill sets were compatible with surgical careers, similar percentages were likely (30% men vs 24% women) and unlikely (49% men vs 54% women) to study surgery. All differences between men and women were less apparent when students likely to study surgery were compared with students unlikely to study surgery.Conclusions The decision to have a family was a more significant influence for women than men, but family and lifestyle priorities were also important to male students, supporting our hypothesis that generation and gender are both important influences on career choices. SN - 0004-0010 M3 - doi: 10.1001/archsurg.141.11.1086 UR - _URL_ ER -


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Do you want to learn how to clean your rabbits' feet?
Rabbits are known for their impeccable grooming habits. However, there are certain areas, such as their feet, that they may struggle to keep clean on their own. This can lead to several health problems, including sore hocks and infections.
In this article, we'll let you know how to effectively clean your rabbit's feet and the importance of doing so regularly.
Why Clean a Rabbit's Feet?
Cleaning a rabbit's feet is essential to their overall health and well-being.
Their feet can become soiled with urine, feces, or other types of dirt, which can lead to bacterial infections if left uncleaned.
Moreover, excessive moisture or dirt can cause sore hocks, a painful condition where the fur on the bottom of a rabbit's feet wears away, leading to raw, exposed skin.
By regularly cleaning your rabbit's feet, you can help prevent these issues and keep your bunny healthy.
Before you start cleaning your rabbit's feet, ensure you have the following tools:
- A soft cloth or baby wipes (fragrance-free)
- Warm water
- Towel for drying
- Antiseptic cream or powder (consult your vet for suitable options)
- A comfortable, non-slip surface to work on
How To Clean Rabbits Feet?
Here are the step-by-step guides to follow:
Step 1: Prepare the Cleaning Area
Start by laying out a comfortable, non-slip surface where you can work on cleaning your rabbit's feet.
This could be a table with a towel or mat on top.
Having a non-slip surface would prevent the rabbit from slipping and injuring itself during the cleaning process.
Step 2: Secure the Rabbit
Hold your rabbit gently but firmly to avoid any sudden movements. Make sure to support its hindquarters and keep it calm by stroking it gently.
Step 3: Inspect the Feet
Before cleaning, inspect your rabbit's feet for any signs of injury, sores, or abnormalities. If you notice anything unusual, consult your vet before proceeding with the cleaning.
Step 4: Clean the Feet with a Damp Cloth
Dip a soft cloth or use a baby wipe to gently clean the rabbit's feet. Be sure to clean between the toes and around the nails, where dirt can accumulate.
Avoid using any harsh chemicals or soap as these can irritate the skin.
Step 5: Dry the Feet
After cleaning, you should thoroughly dry your rabbit's feet.
Any lingering moisture can provide a breeding ground for bacteria and lead to infections or sore hocks. Use a soft towel to pat the feet dry gently.
Step 6: Apply Antiseptic Cream or Powder
Once the feet are dry, you can apply a small amount of antiseptic cream or powder.
This can help to prevent any potential infections. Always consult with your vet about suitable products for your rabbit.
Prevention is always better than cure. Here are some ways to prevent your rabbit's feet from getting dirty:
1. Regular Grooming
Regular grooming can help keep your rabbit clean and minimize the risk of soiled feet.
This includes brushing its fur to remove loose hair and checking its feet regularly for dirt or injuries.
2. Avoid Wet or Dirty Ground
Rabbits should not be kept on wet or dirty surfaces as these can lead to soiled feet and related health problems.
Make sure your rabbit's living area is dry and clean at all times.
3. Provide a Clean Living Environment
A clean living environment is crucial for your rabbit's overall health.
This includes regularly cleaning their hutch or cage, replacing bedding frequently, and ensuring they have access to clean food and water.
Cleaning Other Areas
Cleaning your rabbit's feet is important, But maintaining their overall cleanliness is much more important.
This includes brushing their fur regularly to remove loose hair, checking their ears for any signs of mites or infection, and monitoring their eyes for any discharge or redness.
Additionally, rabbits' teeth continuously grow throughout their lives, so you should provide them with plenty of hay and chew toys to prevent their teeth from overgrowing.
Occasionally, dental check-ups might be necessary to ensure their teeth are in good shape.
Here are some frequently asked questions.
Why Are My Bunnies Feet So Dirty?
A rabbit's feet can get dirty due to various reasons such as unclean cages, muddy outdoor play, or health issues like diarrhea.
If the cage isn't cleaned regularly, feces and urine can build up, leading to dirty feet. Also, if your rabbit spends time outdoors, it can track in dirt or mud.
Can I Use Baby Wipes On Rabbits Feet?
Yes, you can use baby wipes to clean your rabbit's feet, but make sure they are unscented and alcohol-free.
Don't force your rabbit if they are uncomfortable, and ensure they are completely dry afterward to avoid chilling.
Do Rabbits Clean Their Own Feet?
Rabbits are generally clean animals and will groom themselves, including their feet. However, sometimes they may need assistance, especially if they've stepped on something, particularly dirty or sticky.
How To Clean Rabbits Feet With Vinegar?
For more thorough cleaning, you can use a diluted solution of white vinegar and water (1:1 ratio).
Dip a soft cloth into the solution, then gently wipe your rabbit's feet.
Be careful not to let the solution get into any open wounds or scratches. Also, make sure to dry your rabbit's feet thoroughly afterward.
How To Clean Rabbits Feet At Home?
Aside from using baby wipes or a vinegar solution, you can also use warm water and a soft cloth to clean your rabbit's feet.
Always be gentle, and make sure to thoroughly dry your rabbit's feet after cleaning them.
How To Clean Rabbits Feet For Show?
For show rabbits, you should keep their feet and fur clean and well-groomed.
There's not much difference from what we have outlined above for non-show rabbits.
Cleaning your rabbit's feet is a simple but important part of their care routine.
It not only helps to prevent health issues but also provides an opportunity for you to check for any potential problems.
With the right tools and a gentle touch, you can ensure your rabbit stays healthy and clean.
We hope this article helped you know how to clean rabbits' feet. If you have any further questions, comment below and we will answer them.


Understanding Operations Management
Operations management is a field of management that deals with the planning and design of a company's manufacturing process and redesigning operational procedures in order to produce better products or services, or both. As a result of this, it often involves coordinating all aspects of a company's production, distribution, and sales in order to ensure that the right processes are implemented, in a timely manner. In a number of ways, operations management can be likened to management in the workplace.
Operations management also has an important role in ensuring that operations and inventory systems are in place in order to support a company's daily operation. When you hear the word "operations," what usually comes to mind is simply "production." However, in many cases, the definition of operations does extend beyond production. A company's manufacturing process can include operations like packaging, transportation, and sales, among other things.
In addition to these operations, there are various kinds of processes involved in running the business. These can be described as "disciplines," which can include research, accounting, human resources, marketing, or even financial management. While operations can be defined as the various facets of a company's operations, the goal of operations is not just about the company, but about the entire world. Therefore, this term may also be used to refer to the whole world-wide operations of a company.
As mentioned above, there are many different types of operations and they are categorized by the functions that they perform. In fact, there are also different types of operations that fall under several specific categories, such as product creation, design, development, and distribution. As a result, operations can be divided into numerous sub-types. For example, manufacturing operations would consist of the processes of producing products in different stages, while distribution would include everything from packaging and shipping to retail and sales.
The various different sub-types of operations that are typically found in a company include engineering, design, research, and production. Each category of operation focuses on a certain aspect of a company's production process or function. Engineering includes everything from software design and development to production processes and the production process itself. Design is the field of arts and aesthetics, while production is the scientific aspect of manufacturing, including everything from production lines and machines to finished products.
Operations can also fall under the umbrella of research. Research encompasses the basic aspects of a company's operations, including processes, systems, and tools. Finally, operations include everything from human resources to customer service. Because each type of operation focuses on a specific aspect of the company's business, some organizations might focus on multiple areas of operations, while others concentrate on just one.
Operations management can also encompass the idea of the importance of processes. Processes can be categorized as being either "consumer-centric"worker-centric," depending on the level of control they provide over consumers. Consumer-centric processes include accounting, marketing, human resources, and supply chain management, while worker-centric processes include manufacturing, design, quality control, and production.
In order to become an operations manager, however, you must first complete a program in management at an accredited college or university. These programs will prepare you to work in an environment focused on the concepts and methods of operations management.
Before you take any courses in management at an institution of higher learning, however, it is important to know what your job is going to entail. You must first determine the specific job profile for each level, including planning, organizing, and controlling. This information will help you identify which skills you will need to develop during your employment as an operations manager.
Operations managers have specific duties that include managing the daily operations of the company. They must also have a plan for handling problems that arise in their workplace and ensure that everyone is on the same page.
For those who want to advance in their career, there are other career options available. Many people find that taking courses in operations management gives them the tools they need in order to excel in other fields or start their own company. As an example, many companies that have operations in manufacturing and design do not have the capacity to handle all aspects of these types of businesses on their own. In other words, they hire operations managers with backgrounds in business, finance, marketing, or technology, as well as experience in management.


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- Enter a word for the dictionary definition.
From The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:
Sedge \Sedge\, n. [OE. segge, AS. secg; akin to LG. segge; -- probably named from its bladelike appearance, and akin to L. secare to cut, E. saw a cutting instrument; cf. Ir. seisg, W. hesg. Cf. Hassock, Saw the instrument.] 1. (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Carex, perennial, endogenous, innutritious herbs, often growing in dense tufts in marshy places. They have triangular jointless stems, a spiked inflorescence, and long grasslike leaves which are usually rough on the margins and midrib. There are several hundred species. [1913 Webster] Note: The name is sometimes given to any other plant of the order Cyperaceae, which includes Carex, Cyperus, Scirpus, and many other genera of rushlike plants. [1913 Webster] 2. (Zool.) A flock of herons. [1913 Webster] Sedge hen (Zool.), the clapper rail. See under 5th Rail. Sedge warbler (Zool.), a small European singing bird (Acrocephalus phragmitis). It often builds its nest among reeds; -- called also sedge bird, sedge wren, night warbler, and Scotch nightingale. [1913 Webster]


From 2012.igem.org
Revision as of 02:52, 27 September 2012 by Tomvanlente (Talk | contribs)
We took a long journey in finding a sensor for spoiled meat. After a literature research, we decided to find a spoilage sensor experimentally. Read about our quest for "PBADmeat" below.
A literature study about the alsT promoter
The promoter that was initially chosen for the food warden construct was the alsT promoter. This gene is one of several genes that is regulated by TnrA. TnrA is a regulator in B. subtilis that is triggered by the availability of nitrogen sources. It regulates a few genes and one of them that is repressed is alsT. TnrA is only active when the amount of nitrogen is low. Since alsT is repressed by TnrA, we suggested that it gets activated as soon as TnrA is depleted due to the availability of nitrogen (Kayumov et al., 2008). There are a few components in rotting meat that contain nitrogen. One of these components is ammonia, a highly volatile and abundant compound. These volatiles would trigger the depletion of TnrA, removing it from the alsT promoter, activating the meat warden construct.
We identified this promoter-regulator system only by performing a literature study. And it was given that there were only a few components in rotting meat that contain nitrogen. One of these components is ammonia, a highly volatile and abundant compound. These volatiles would trigger the depletion of TnrA, removing it from the alsT promoter, activating the pBAD meat promoters. However, we were not completely convinced that our whole project should depend on one promoter, so we asked our modeler to give us more insight into the regulator TnrA and its behavior when exposed to nitrogen sources. Unfortunately, the results on the modeling page were disappointing…
Kayumov, A. Heinrich, A. Sharipova, M. Iljinskaya, O. Forchhammer, K. Inactivation of the general transcription factor TnrA in Bacillus subtilis by proteolysis, Microbiology (2008), 154, 2348–2355.
Finding PBADmeat by transcriptome analysis
With the literature research reaching a dead end and the weeks passing by, we had to come up with a different strategy for finding a sensor for rotting meat volatiles.
We decided to see whether Bacillus subtilis sp. 168 would react to spoiled meat itself. This had two major reasons: the first is that Bacillus subtilis naturally inhabits an environment (especially soil), where it is plausible that it can detect certain metabolites from other organisms. Furthermore, if we would find a promoter upregulated in B. subtilis, this would make the construct inside our chassis more reliable than when we would have to transfer a whole uptake system in the not-so-easily-tweaked B. subtilis.
Microarray analysis
We compare the difference in transcription level of all genes (the transcriptome) of Bacillus subtilis at a certain time point, at defined conditions. We compared the difference in transcription in the exponential growth phase of B. subtilis subjected to fresh and to rotten meat.
From both test conditions, we harvested the mRNA of Bacillus subtilis. With reverse transcriptase, the mRNA was copied into cDNA. Half of the cDNA was labeled with a green dye, the other half with a red dye. The cDNA of both conditions was brought onto a microarray slide: one red, the other green. On this slides, small parts (probes) of DNA are put at a known position. The cDNA hybridized with the DNA probes. Because of the colored label, we could define which genes were transcribed in the green condition, and which genes were transcribed in the red condition. The ratio green:red is a measure for the upor downregulation of the genes. On each slide there are three technical replicates to increase the significance of the data. Using a second slide we swapped the dyes bound to de cDNA of both conditions, in order to rule out any error in dye binding and verifying the acquired data. We also did the whole experiment in duplo to add significance to the data and avoiding artifacts.
Picture:Workflow of micro-array experiment.
Experimental setup
How did we measure the transcriptome of Bacillus subtilis subjected to meat volatiles? We had to grow Bacillus subtilis in the presence of meat, without touching the meat or interfering with the growth of Bacillus subtilis. We tried a few setups (also fermentors). In the end we decided to use simple closed system, with a pot with rotten meat (rotten in fridge for 7 days), from which the air (filtered) goes through bacterial culture, stirred with a magnetic stirrer. The air is pumped through the system with a simple peristaltic pump. The whole system was running at 37 degrees Celsius, note: both the fresh and rotted meat is placed on ice, this prevented the rotting of the fresh meat during the experiment.
Picture:Experimental setup for meat testing. Volatiles of rotten or fresh meat were flushed through a culture of Bacillus subtilis for two hours. After this, RNA was harvested for further analysis.
Movie: Check the system in real life!
Growth conditions
We inoculated Bacillus subtilis from plate and let it grow over night in Luria Broth, in a normal shake flask (37 degrees Celsius). We diluted the culture to OD(600) = 0.3 and let it grow in a normal shake flask (37 degrees Celsius) until the OD(600) was 0.8 (approximately 2 hours). At that point, the cultures was diluted to OD(600) = 0.1 and put it in our experimental setup. The setup was ran for two hours, until the OD(600) = 0.8.
We analyzed the slide images using ArrayPro 4.5 (Media Cybernetics Inc., Silver Spring, MD). The obtained data was processed and normalized (Lowess normalization) using the in-house software of the Molecular Genetics group MicroPrep (Van Hijum et. al, 2003). A statistical analysis was done using the webservice CyberT (Baldi et. al, 2001) A gene was considered differentially expressed when the Bayes p value was lower than 0.001 and the difference in expression (the fold) was >2 or <-2. The genes obtained using the CyberT analysis were ordered by locus tag and fold. This list was processed further using different analysis tools. With use of MolGen's in-house software Genome2d (Baerends et. al, 2004), operons with expression difference were identified and figures showing these operons were made.
We found 19 upregulated operons. We had to rule many of them out, because they were somehow involved in stress-reactions and regulated by general transcription factors like SigmaB. This left us with five upregulated operons. Of this, we took the two highest upregulated operons, the NarK-fnr and sboA-sboX-Alb operon.
Picture:Expression details of Fnr and SboA.
NarK-fnr is regulated by the redox regulator Fnr. In Bacillus subtilis, Fnr induces the expression of the narGHJI operon as well as NarK, which are both highly upregulated in our bacteria exposed to meat. The fnr gene is known to be induced in an anaerobic environment in the presence of nitrate. Since the experimental setup we used in the control (fresh meat) as well as the target (spoiled meat) is a closed system, there is a shortage of oxygen in both situations. The reason that the operon is upregulated should therefore be a difference in nitrate or other, unknown reactions due to the rotten meat.
Both fnr and sboA-sboX-Alb are regulated by the ResDE signal transduction system. It is thought that this system only activates anearobically induced genes in the presence of nitrite. This might explain the difference between the target and control.
encodes the production of an antibiotic compound called subtilosin. It is produced by Bacillus subtilis at anaerobic conditions and at very high cell densities. Apart from regulation by ResDE, it can also be regulated by the Spo0A system.
expression details of downregulated operons WapA-yxxG and mntC-mntB-mntA.
There were also many downregulated operons. Most of these operons where general stress responses, but there were two interesting operons involved in high salt concentrations (mntC-mntB-mntA and salt stress: WapA-yxxG). The first is repressed at high Mn(II) concentrations by MntR, while it is normally activated by SigmaB and TnrA (see the AlsT section). The second is a two-component system which is repressed at high salt concentrations by DegU-P. WapA is a cellwall-associated protein which is known to be highly repressed in the presence of 0.7 M disodium succinate. It is thought that another unknown repressor controls the downregulation of wapA as well. These downregulated operons could be interesting for future implementation into a multi-colored system (see our development page).
Testing the promoters
We tested the promoters using our micro-array setup. You can find the test and the results


Inside a TechGirlz Virtual Workshop: Make a Website using HTML/CSS
Written by volunteer instructor Jackie Golden
Image of a desktop screen showing a video conference participants next to an online coding web app.
On April 22nd about 40 girls from around the country, in grades 5 through 8, came together virtually to learn the basics of HTML and CSS. Over the course of three hours, the girls learned how the internet works and how to write HTML and CSS tags, the code behind a website.
The virtual workshop began with a short introduction by the instructors and students followed by an introduction to Zoom. In an effort to ensure students were comfortable interacting virtually, how to use the Zoom chat window to ask any questions, how to mute or unmute, and how to minimize the Zoom window was reviewed.
The workshop curriculum was provided by TechGirlz' TechShopz in a Box™ Program, which guides students through the processing of writing code. The process of building a website is a creative one so after learning a few frequently used HTML and CSS tags, the students were off and running experimenting with CodePen, an online code editor which lets students see the results of their work right away. The students learned how to make content easier to read by utilizing heading, paragraph and bullet tags. They learned how to add photos to their webpage and how to adjust the size of their photos. They also learned the power of CSS to change background color, increase/decrease font sizes, and position blocks of text on a webpage.
I've been a software developer for over 20 years and work at Princeton University leading a software development team. My career in technology has been a rewarding one and I felt compelled to share my experience in the hopes of educating young girls about the great opportunities available in technology for women. Thanks to TechGirlz, I've been able to do just that by facilitating workshops in my local area.
Due to the number of participants, I was assisted by three TA's, Crystal, Ava and Nick who were all on hand to help answer questions students raised during the workshop, ranging from "How do I get to my CodePen site" to "Why is my code not working." Although virtual instruction was a new format for most of the instructors, the girls walked away with a better understanding on how to build a website and hopefully, they'll continue to seek out more learning opportunities in technology.
Thinking about becoming a virtual volunteer with TechGirlz? Register here!
Screenshot of grid of 5 volunteer instructors smiling


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In August 2007 I reviewed three New Testament commentary series (28 volumes) in a single, 8,300-word article: "PNTC, BECNT, and NIGTC: Three New Testament Commentary Series Available Electronically in Libronix," Detroit Baptist Seminary Journal 12 (2007): 81–99. This review is now available in two formats:
- The PDF appears exactly as the review is printed in the fall 2007 DBSJ.
- The plain text adds some hyperlinks.
- Part 1 (about 1,750 words) make a case for using electronic commentaries in Libronix.
- Part 2 (about 600 words) compares the three commentary series in general.
- Part 3 (about 5,500 words) comments briefly on each of the 28 volumes (and mentions the authors for the forthcoming volumes).
- Advantages of Using Electronic Commentaries in Libronix
- 1.1. Searchability
- 1.2. Versatility
- 1.3. Cost
- General Comparison of PNTC, BECNT, and NIGTC
- Brief Comments on Individual Commentaries in PNTC, BECNT, and NIGTC
- 3.1. PNTC (8 vols.)
- 3.2. BECNT (8 vols.)
- 3.3. NIGTC (12 vols.)


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What happened to your friendships with Black teachers during that time, particularly teachers who decided to go in? If you could be specific.
The relationship with, with the Black teachers with whom I had been friendly, ah, deteriorated, ah, rather rapidly. I, we were polarized, ah, even before this point, ah, a good deal of polarization had taken place. Ah, there was a young Black science teacher, ah, who I had been very, ah, friendly with, Dorothy Hopkins was an excellent, excellent science teacher. Ah, and, ah, we had been very friendly. Ah, she became very militant, became a part of the leadership of the opposing group. And, ah, I don't think we had two words together after that. Ah, others that I recall, such as Ann Richardson, who was a counselor, ah, it was just a strained relationship. I, I knew that, ah, she was in some pain about what was happening, ah, but, ah, the closest friendships that many of us had had, the social relationships that many of us had had deteriorated completely.


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British Jewry Pledges Solidarity with American Jews in U.S. War Effort
A message "of brotherhood and solidarity with American Jewry" and a pledge to stand together in the fight for "a free Jewry in a free world," appears in the leading editorial in tomorrow's issue of the Zionist Review, official organ of the British Zionist Federation.
Stating that the United States' entry into the war has changed the aspect of the whole Jewish scene the Zionist organ calls upon Jews in Britain and the United States to work out a program for Palestine. "British and American Jewry now stand united, sharing a common burden," the editorial states. "What is essential now is coordination of efforts of the Jewish communities in the English-speaking world. It is more essential than ever to awaken public opinion in the Western Hemisphere to the magnitude of the Jewish problem, and its connection with Palestine."
Declaring that Jews of the English-speaking nations have already helped build a Jewish homeland in Palestine and have fought Nazism and Fascism, the Zionist Review concludes: "We are convinced that with the Jews of Britain and the Dominions the bulk of American Jewry is ready to face the greater tasks allotted it by world developments."


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Event ID 10004 — Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) Extensibility
Updated: January 7, 2009
Applies To: Windows Server 2008 R2
Windows can detect and report if the WLAN Extensibility module fails to start or stops unexpectedly.
The WLAN Extensibility module provides independent hardware vendors (IHVs) with more flexibility to support advanced features of IEEE 802.11 networks, and extend the built-in wireless client for additional wireless services and custom capabilities. For example, IHVs and independent software vendors (ISVs) can use WLAN Extensibility to provide customized configuration dialog boxes and wizards to display custom ISV or IHV wireless features and capabilities that are not provided by default in Windows.
|Product:||Windows Operating System|
|Message:||WLAN Extensibility Module has timed out.
Module Path: %1
WLAN Extensibility Module time out
There are three actions that you can take to resolve this error:
- Disable the Wireless Network Connection, and then enable the Wireless Network Connection.
- Restart the WLAN AutoConfig service (Wlansvc).
- Contact the independent hardware vendor (IHV) provider for your hardware.
To perform these procedures, you must be logged on by using a local computer Administrator account, or you must have been delegated the appropriate authority. If you are not logged on by using an account that belongs to the Administrators group, you must be able to supply administrator credentials, in order to run the command prompt as administrator.
Disable the Wireless Network Connection, and then enable the Wireless Network Connection
To disable the Wireless Network Connection, and then enable the Wireless Network Connection:
- Click Start, click Control Panel, click Network and Internet, click Network and Sharing Center, and in Tasks, click Manage network connections.
- Right-click the Wireless Network Connection that you want to manage, and in the drop-down menu, click Disable.
- After the Wireless Network Connection is disabled, right-click the connection, and then click Enable.
If the error persists, follow the steps in the next procedure to restart the WLAN AutoConfig service.
Restart the WLAN AutoConfig service (Wlansvc)
To restart the WLAN AutoConfig service (Wlansvc):
- Click Start, right-click Computer, and then click Manage.
- In Computer Management (Local), click Services and Applications, and then click Services.
- In the details pane, under Name, navigate to WLAN AutoConfig.
- Right-click WLAN AutoConfig, click Properties, and on the General tab, in Startup type, select Automatic, and then click Start.
- Click OK.
Contact the IHV provider for your hardware
- Contact your computer manufacturer, or the manufacturer of your wireless network adapter for the most recent adapter drivers.
There are two methods to verify wireless extensibility settings are applied:
- Verify wireless independent hardware vendor (IHV) extensibility settings are applied by using the netsh wlan command
- Verify wireless IHV extensibility settings by using the profile properties
Verify wireless IHV extensibility settings are applied by using the netsh wlan command:
- Click Start, and in Start Search, type cmd, and then press ENTER.
- At the command prompt, type netsh wlan show interfaceInterfaceName (where InterfaceName is the name of the wireless connection listed in Network Connections), and then press ENTER.
- If IHV extensibility settings are applied, then the command will render a message indicating IHV extensibility settings applied on the connection.
Verify wireless IHV extensibility settings by using the profile properties
- Click Start, click Control Panel, and then click Network and Sharing Center.
- In Tasks, click Manage wireless networks.
- Double-click the wireless profile, to open the wireless connection profile properties dialog box.
- If IHV service is installed, an IHV check box is displayed on the Connection tab.