it designed for human beings at all?
This is another hidden passage in Ellora caves that I tried to get through, but after 10 feet, it becomes so narrow that I can't go any further. Where do these mysterious tunnels lead? Who could have used such narrow passages? The other important question is: how can you carve such narrow passages if human beings cannot even get through them? Was it carved by humans at all? Were these carved for extraterrestrials that are smaller than human beings?
Notice how this entrance is clearly going underground, in this cave temple. These are underground areas hiding in plain sight. The security guards told me that there are several underground tunnels in Ellora caves which gradually become too narrow for human beings to access them, and all of them are locked. From these old doors, we can assume that these tunnels have been closed from public access at least 30 to 40 years ago.
These underground tunnels are not found in the same area, but are scattered over many different caves in Ellora, which stretches across a few miles. Is it possible that there could be a vast underground city like Derinkuyu in Turkey? Derinkuyu is an enormous underground city with advanced technical features that could accommodate more than 20,000 people, which was hidden for centuries only to be discovered in 1965.
If it is true that there is a vast underground city in Ellora, shouldn't there be ventilation shafts that would allow air from the ground to reach below. In Derinkuyu, there are thousands of holes drilled from the ground that act as ventilation shafts to the underground city. Look at this long ventilation shaft in Ellora caves that is drilled secretly in a dark chamber. It is about 4 inches wide, but it is so deep that we can't even see the other end. Could this be a ventilation shaft that reaches the underground city?
How about this ventilation shaft, which is also going underground? You can also see hundreds of holes like this drilled on the rock floor. Some of them are unfinished, and only few inches deep, but notice how the other holes have been closed with concrete recently. I asked why some of these holes have been closed and my tour guide told me that someone dropped their car keys into one of them, but these holes are so deep that they couldn't retrieve it. So, they just covered these holes by putting concrete over them.
What else could be the purpose of these deep holes on the floor, if they are not ventilation shafts? Why would hundreds of holes be drilled on these rock floors with painstaking efforts without any reason? Now, this is one of the abandoned, bat infested places and let's take a look at what's inside. This seems like a very old sanctum holding a lingam, which is a Hindu god. Centuries ago, plenty of water would be poured on this lingam everyday as part of religious worship, and it would drain through this channel. Notice that this water drain has been closed recently with some rocks. Where would the water go? Let's see...It would go vertically down through this tunnel.
Unless there is an area underground, this would be pointless because the water would just overflow all over the place! All over Ellora caves, there are hundreds of idols which would require thousands of gallons of water poured on them every day. Was this a technique to get clean water underground that could be used for different purposes?"
Breaking News!! UFO Sightings Massive Alien Ship Visits ISS Caught On Video!
Massive Alien Ship Visits ISS Caught On Video! Astonishing Footage and Incredible Detail!
Original Nasa Footage
Sunday, March 29, 2015
Alien Structure Found On Mars
UFO News: UFO And Alien Structure Found In Mars Photo. -UFO AlienSource photo:
Watch also:
UFO flying near Pyramids on Mars
BIGGEST Snake EVER (195 Ft.) Analyzed & Confirmed
The Biggest Snake in the World recorded, seen, or filmed is analyzed in depth and confirmed to be around 195 feet in length and could easily eat a man.
A monstrous snake nearly the size of a football field is captured on film as it rears back to attack a helicopter flying by, but could anything that big really exist? Follow my in depth analysis and by the end of this video try asking yourself that question again.
Humanity is familiar with some pretty big snakes, both in person and in the fossil records, and sometimes through photographic evidence by reliable witnesses.
During World War Two, Belgian fighter ace and squadron leader Remy Van Lierd rose to the rank of Colonel in the British Royal Air Force, and received the Distinguished Flying Cross medal of valor, after shooting down six enemy aircraft and forty four V-1 Flying Bombs. After the war he was put in command of the Kamina Air Base, in the Katanga region of what was then The Belgian Congo.
His reputation and spatial recognition abilities are impeccable, which means we must give careful consideration to this incredible report.
One day in Africa in 1959, on the way back to the airbase from a helicopter mission, Colonel Lierd was astounded to see a massive snake winding it's way along the terrain below.
He circled around for a better look and had one of his flight crew take a series of photographs. As he descended to about 500 feet altitude, the gigantic snake took notice, and reared back as though ready to strike at the helicopter if it dared to come within range.
By his own estimate, Colonel Lierd guesses that the snake must have been a minimum of 50 feet in length, with a triangular shaped jaw about two to three feet wide. In his own words, "It could have easily eaten up a man!"
Keep in mind that a reticulated python is the longest snake ever measured alive at 33 feet or 10 meters in length. T he longest measured known extinct snake is the Titanaboa, which was 42 ft or about 13 meters in length.
After "countless reports from the Kamina area of giant snakes", the original photos were sent to CIA Captain Lorenzo W. Burrows, director of the National Photographic Interpretation Center with some further analysis of the photo. Let's look at that.
Here is the full photo in it's entirety.
As you can see at the bottom, the type of camera the photo was taken with was recorded, which adds some authenticity to this photo.
The key factor in this photo, as pointed out in the letter, are the termite nests, which is a little confusing at first unless you know what an African termite nest looks like.
They look like this…they're absolutely huge and they take on recognizable shapes.
The letter reads "Further, the two black spots in the upper left hand quadrant are quite plainly termite nests, or rather, their shadows.
Under high power you can very easily see this, and that the top one is a column, circular in the horizontal section, while the bottom one is typical of the flange types that always point north to south."
See the termite nests? Now remember how big they are?
Let's use them, as is done in the letter, to approximate a scale of reference. These termite mounds can easily be 2 and a half times the size of a human. So, we'll say the top termite nest is 15 feet or about 4.5 meters tall.
This is a bit of a guess, but if the snake was fully stretched out, I'd say it'd be around this long.
So if we just stack our 15 foot or 4.5 meter termite nests next to this line…we get about 13 of them.
This yields a rough approximate total length of about 195 feet or about 60 meters and closely matches what the letter says of about 200 feet.
That's up to 5 times larger than even the Titanaboa…allegedly the biggest snake ever and that was thought to have gone extinct shortly after the dinosaurs.
What sort of monster did Colonel Remy Van Lierd encounter and photograph here?...and why are there so many other alleged reports of massive snakes by others in the same area?
The Congo seems like a very, very scary place.
Crave more mysteries? Watch our Top 5 BIGGEST Animal Mysteries EVER video if you havn't already or jump on our mystery playlist and discover how aliens may have saved Earth from a nuclear catastrophe….twice.


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December 17, 2012 | City College
Images of colonial-era Dominican historic sites and monuments comprise collection
The CUNY Dominican Studies Institute at The City College of New York (CUNY DSI) announced today that it has made accessible on the Internet an extensive collection of photographs of places and monuments from early colonial times of the Dominican Republic.
The searchable collection, titled "First Blacks in the Americas," contains more than 2,900 photographs, organized in 57 sets, of historic monuments built during the Dominican Republic's colonial period. These buildings, churches, houses and sites of industrial and artisan production date to when what is today the Dominican nation began to develop as the first colony of the Spanish empire in the Americas.
"These photographs constitute a valuable visual tool to understand what life was like for the forebears of today's Dominicans during their first three centuries of history," said Dr. Ramona Hernández, director of CUNY DSI. "At the time, these places constituted the diverse scenarios where generation after generation of inhabitants of La Española lived, worked and worshiped as they constructed, first, a colonial society and, then, an independent nation under the name of Dominican Republic."
CUNY DSI Assistant Director Anthony Stevens-Acevedo led the effort to shoot, compile and upload the photographic collection to Flickr.com, an online photo-sharing system.
Two CUNY students, Xiomara Sandoval, a student in the M.A. program in education at CCNY, and Yuberkys Pietrera Nova, an undergraduate in the B.A. program in education at Lehman College, assisted him.
Students, teachers, professors, researchers and other persons interested in studying Dominican history can use the images freely for research and educational purposes. The CUNY DSI Library will work with teachers from Upper Manhattan schools to create lesson plans that use the photos and conduct on-campus workshops for students. Commercial use of the photos requires formal permission from CUNY DSI under the Creative Commons license under which the images were published.
The images can be applied to teaching an array of themes about the Dominican culture's past. Examples include: ancient building systems, working conditions and types of work associated with construction and architectural styles and life conditions and life styles associated with each type of building.
"We think this is the first collection online with this number of photos of Dominican historical sites that has been uploaded for public use so far," said Dr. Hernández. "We have noticed the scarcity of images of this kind that exists online, and, in the face of this, we have decided to make ours available to the public interested in Dominican issues."
The photographs in this collection are part of current projects undertaken by CUNY DSI that focus on early Dominican people, including:
- "First Blacks of the Americas," a micro-website devoted to disseminating the stories of the African population that arrived in La Española during the 16th century and their descendants;
- "Juan Rodríguez and the Beginnings of New York City," about the inhabitant of La Española who arrived in what is today New York in 1613 onboard a Dutch vessel, and
- "The Spanish Paleography Digital Teaching and Learning Tool," which will help the public learn how to read the handwriting styles used in Spanish manuscripts of the 16th and 17th centuries.
This collection of images contributes to an increased public awareness about the rich monumental and material heritage Dominicans have, Dr. Hernández added. She noted that the Dominican heritage speaks of a historical and cultural continuity that runs from the time the first Europeans arrived in 1492 and began to interact with local aboriginals and Africans until the present day.
"These buildings and monuments have an important history to tell; a history of which the Dominican people in the United States is the most recent chapter," Dr. Hernández stated. "This is a history that must not be forgotten because, to a large degree, it explains who Dominicans are and their way of being as a people."
Accessing the collection
There are two ways to view the collection of photographs in the CUNY DSI online account on Flickr.com.
To view the images by thematic set, go to: _URL_ which leads the visitor directly to the CUNY DSI "photostream" page in Flickr. Click on the link to the "First Blacks in the Americas" collection. When the page for that collection opens as a mosaic photos, click on any of the thumbnail image buttons to open the respective set of photographs.
To view images by thematic or subject categories across the entire collection, go to _URL_. Type the tag-words "CUNY DSI" and "Dominican Republic" or "Hispaniola" in the "search" box, followed by any of the other thematic tag-words that have been assigned to the photographs, like "colonial period," "colonial churches," "colonial houses," "colonial mills," "colonial walls," etc.
On the Internet
Photos: Three of the more than 2,900 images of colonial-era buildings and monuments made accessible via FlickR by the CUNY Dominican Studies Institute.
Ellis Simon P | _PHONE_ E | _EMAIL_

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Health Centers are made up of many different levels of IT Security & Privacy expertise, both in terms of staff skills and organizational maturity. Resources are needed that help guide both beginners and more advanced staff and leadership to understanding how to best manage security and privacy risk management at their health center.
The overall objective is to create a privacy & security workbook tailored specifically to Health Centers that will provide them with implementable strategies for increasing their risk management skills including sections focused on:
- Security Risk Pre-Assessment
- Assessment of Security Risk
- Security Risk Mitigation
- Ongoing Security Risk Management

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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I have been attempting to use RMarkdown rather than LaTeX to produce R examples. One issue that has slowed my conversion has been my struggles with how to reference figures and tables. The examples below illustrate how I have been using
captioner to solve this problem.
For a simple example, I load
FSAdata for the
kable (to produce an RMarkdown table). Additionally,
captioner is loaded.
captioner objects must be initialized for handling figures and tables. The
prefix= argument sets the common prefix for all items of a certain type. Below, I initialize a function for creating captoins for figures and tables. The result of this code is two functions – one called
figs that will hold a list of tags and captions for figures and another called
tbls that will hold the same for tables.
These functions can be used to create on object that holds a tag, caption, and number for figures or tables, respectively. Initially, these functions are called with two arguments – the figure or table tag and the figure or table caption. For example, the code below creates tag and caption combinations for two figures. I prefer to create all tags and captions in one chunk (and use
results='hide' to hide the immediate display of the information).
The same function may then be used to retrieve the function name with a number, the figure number with a prefix, or the figure number.
The results returned by this function are exploited, as shown in the next section, to solve the figure referencing problem.
figs function may be used to add a figure caption to a figure. For example, the chunk below is followed by an inline R chunk of Figure 1: Length frequency of Ruffe captured in 1992..
Figure 1: Length frequency of Ruffe captured in 1992.
In addition, use inline R code to refer to the figure. For example,
figs("LenFreq1",display="cite") inside an inline R call would produce a reference to Figure 1.
As more functions are added, the figure numbers are incremented such that inline R code may refer to Figure 2 and Figure 1.
Figure 2: Weight frequency of Ruffe captured in 1992.
Tables can be handled in the same way. For example, see Table 1, which is related to Figure 1 and Figure 2.
Table 2: Summary statistics of the length and weight of Ruffe captured in 1992.


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In this work, we address two coupled tasks of gaze prediction and action recognition in egocentric videos by exploring their mutual context. Our assumption is that in the procedure of performing a manipulation task, what a person is doing determines where the person is looking at, and the gaze point reveals gaze and non-gaze regions which contain important and complementary information about the undergoing action. We propose a novel mutual context network (MCN) that jointly learns action-dependent gaze prediction and gaze-guided action recognition in an end-to-end manner. Experiments on public egocentric video datasets demonstrate that our MCN achieves state-of-the-art performance of both gaze prediction and action recognition.
updated: Tue Jun 30 2020 02:08:22 GMT+0000 (UTC)
published: Mon Jan 07 2019 15:10:07 GMT+0000 (UTC)


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1. Describe Hump.
Hump is an educated, wealthy, refined and impractical. He is a noted literary man published widely in prestigious magazines. He knows nothing about the sea and therefore enjoys the dense fog a seaman would find daunting.
2. Do you think Hump survival of the torrid conditions is realistic?
Hump survives being swept to sea after losing consciousness and Hump has spent at least several hours in the cold sea. Given his weak state, his survival is indeed incredible.
3. How does Hump take to the rest of the crew?
Hump is repulsed by the rough appearance of the other crew members and is shocked by their lack of decorum when they toss the mate's body into the waters. However, Hump is mostly concerned with Larsen's steely gaze and immense physicality.
4. How does Mugridge's attitude change towards Hump?
The change in Mugridge's behavior is remarkable. As the cabin boy, Hump is merely a dog to be kicked and a slave to be commanded. Instead of his prior courteous compliments, Mugridge issues a constant stream of abuse.
This section contains 2,917 words
(approx. 10 pages at 300 words per page)


The Importance of Female Friendship
Q&A with PurposeGirl
February 1, 2019
Carin Rockind
About Carin Rockind
Carin Rockind is a leading expert in the science of women's happiness and life purpose, women's thriving and positive psychology, and the science of human flourishing. As the creator of PurposeGirl, a movement to empower purpose-driven living, and the founder of Women's Global Happiness Day, Carin empowers women worldwide to follow their dreams and be the creator of their own lives. With her passion for teaching women to thrive, Carin shares her insights about the science and importance of female friendship.
Q: Why are female friendships so important right now?
A: Studies show that women are twice as likely to be depressed as men, and women are less happy than they were 30 years prior. There are many reasons for this, but women are trying to do it all and do it by themselves, and it's not working.
This is where the impact of female friendships can help because women nurture each other's souls, uplift each other's spirits and have the capacity to hold each other through dark times. It is in our DNA to need female friendships. When baby girls are in utero, their brains begin wiring for connection and communication more than those of boys, so research has found that, in general, girls and women need more connection, and communicating with each other supports women's needs.
Q: What is it about female friendships that are different?
A: Several studies have found that women's friendships are more intimate, personal, emotionally-based and supportive than men's friendships. Women have higher levels of oxytocin, otherwise known as the "love" or "cuddle" hormone. Men and women both have oxytocin, but women secrete more and it helps to combat stress. In fact, studies at both UCLA and Stanford showed that during times of stress, women release oxytocin, which makes them want to connect and nurture. It's called "tend and befriend," which means that in stressful times, women support others and lean in for support.
Q: What kind of impact does female friendship have on our overall wellness?
A: Women's friendships are special and they improve our well-being. Friendship helps us in times of stress. This may be because women are nurturing, supportive, compassionate, and great listeners. Interestingly, research has found that women tend to reference their friendships with other women as closer and more satisfying than men do.
Q: What makes a good friend?
A: Someone who believes in you 100%—who believes that all of your dreams are possible, and that you have everything that you need to achieve them.
Someone who listens and will be there for you when you're in a puddle of your own tears on the floor. They will hold you just like a mama and bring you ice cream. They help pull you back up.
Someone who holds a mirror for you to lovingly call you on your BS.
Someone who celebrates your wins as their own.
Someone who is fun, and with whom you can be the wild woman, silly, mysterious, playful muse that you are, without judgment.
Someone who knows you better than you know yourself, at times.
Someone with whom, it doesn't matter how much time passes, you pick up where you left off, and they don't give you grief for losing touch.
Someone who gives you permission to change your mind. For example, they can listen when you're upset with your husband and completely support you being with him the next day.
Q: How can we be better friends to each other? Any additional advice or guidance you would like to give around the importance of female friendship?
A: It's so important for women to have a sisterhood of close female friends. Too many women judge each other, compete with each other, and try to tear each other down. One woman's success in any area of life is every woman's success.
Every woman is your sister. Love her like your own. Compliment at least one woman every day on her talents, courage, strength, or beauty. And be a really good friend to the woman in the mirror, because the more you love her, the better woman and friend you will be overall.
Learn more about _TAG_


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Correct me if I am wrong, but I am wondering if your example is working correct in the first place. Your example shows a character conparison on date: date between '1-jan-2005′ and '10-mar-2005′.
Consider these entries in your file/table/database:
If the date field is a character field, then the first 3 entries get selected, because of the fact that they are sorted in this order.
It would be a different story if your entries in the file/table/database are filled in like this:
In this case you would select: date between '20050101' and '20050310', which would select 6 entries. If your routine builds the dates like this, then the dynamic selection will work.


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Romans go drinking
This Roman pot was made in Highgate Wood, close to Muswell Hill. The potter may have intended its shiny finish to look like pewter. The Romans would have used the vessel for drinking wine or beer. It was made between ad 70 and 160.
How was the beaker made?
Clay was dug out of the ground around Highgate Wood. The potters removed any stones or roots before 'throwing' the pot on a fast-turning wheel. They then dipped the beaker in liquid clay or'slip', so that it would have a clean, glossy surface. They used a comb to apply the dots, then fired the pot in a kiln heated with wood or charcoal.
Roman potters of Highgate Wood
Local potters seem to have had years of experience making pots - long before the Roman invasion of ad 43. As Roman London grew, they saw a business opportunity supplying jars, bowls and beakers to the Romans.
Archaeologists discovered at least ten kilns in Highgate Wood during the 1960s and 1970s. You can't see the kilns now, but the Information Centre in Highgate Wood has information about the Romans and the local environment.
Find out more about the Highgate Wood Information Centre
Museum number 3097


what the JavaScript API is for.
I was reminded of this recently when Ada Rose Cannon tweeted:
It really feels like there should be a semantic version of the share API, like a mailto: link
I think she's absolutely right. The Web Share API has one primary use case: let the user share the current page. If that use case could be met in a declarative way, then it would have a lower barrier to entry. And for anyone who needs to do something more complicated, that's what the JavaScript API is for.
But Pete LePage asked:
How would you feature detect for it?
Good question. With the JavaScript API you can do feature detection—if the API isn't supported you can either bail or provide your own implementation.
There a few different ways of extending HTML that allow you to provide a fallback for non-supporting browsers.
You could mint a new element with a content model that says "Browsers, if you do support this element, ignore everything inside the opening and closing tags." That's the way that the canvas element works. It's the same for audio and video—they ignore everything inside them that isn't a source element. So developers can provide a fallback within the opening and closing tags.
But forging a new element would be overkill for something like the Web Share API (or Geolocation). There are more subtle ways of extending HTML that I've already alluded to.
Making a new element is a lot of work. Making a new attribute could also be a lot of work. But making a new attribute value might hit the sweet spot. That's why I suggested something like input type="geolocation" for the declarative version of the Geolocation API. There's prior art here; this is how we got input types for email, url, tel, color, date, etc. The key piece of behaviour is that non-supporting browsers will treat any value they don't understand as "text".
I don't think there should be input type="share". The action of sharing isn't an input. But I do think we could find an existing HTML element with an attribute that currently accepts a list of possible values. Adding one more value to that list feels like an inexpensive move.
Here's what I suggested:
For non-supporting browsers, it's a regular button and needs polyfilling, no different to the situation with the JavaScript API. But if supported, no JS needed?
The type attribute of the button element currently accepts three possible values: "submit", "reset", or "button". If you give it any other value, it will behave as though you gave it a type of "submit" or "button" (depending on whether it's in a form or not) …just like an unknown type value on an input element will behave like "text".
If a browser supports button type="share", then when the user clicks on it, the browser can go "Right, I'm handing over to the operating system now."
There's still the question of how to pass data to the operating system on what gets shared. Currently the JavaScript API allows you to share any combination of URL, text, and description.
Initially I was thinking that the value attribute could be used to store this data in some kind of key/value pairing, but the more I think about it, the more I think that this aspect should remain the exclusive domain of the JavaScript API. The declarative version could grab the current URL and the value of the page's title element and pass those along to the operating system. If you need anything more complex than that, use the JavaScript API.
So what I'm proposing is:
That's it.
But how would you test for browser support? The same way as you can currently test for supported input types. Make use of the fact that an element's attribute value and an element's property value (which 99% of the time are the same), will be different if the attribute value isn't supported:
var testButton = document.createElement("button");
if (testButton.type!= "share") {
// polyfill
So that's my modest proposal. Extend the list of possible values for the type attribute on the button element to include "share" (or something like that). In supporting browsers, it triggers a very bare-bones handover to the OS (the current URL and the current page title). In non-supporting browsers, it behaves like a button currently behaves.
Netlify redirects and downloads
Making the Clearleft podcast is a lot of fun. Making the website for the Clearleft podcast was also fun.
Design wise, it's a riff on the main Clearleft site in terms of typography and general layout. On the development side, it was an opportunity to try out an exciting tech stack. The workflow goes something like this:
 - Open a text editor and type out HTML and CSS.
Comparing this to other workflows I've used in the past, this is definitely the most productive way of working. Some stats:
 - Time spent setting up build tools: 00:00
 - Time spent wrangling the pipeline to do exactly what you want: 00:00
 - Time spent trying to get the damn build tools to work again when you return to the project after leaving it alone for more than a few months: 00:00:00
I have some files. Some images, three font files, a few pages of HTML, one RSS feed, one style sheet, and one minimal service worker script. I don't need a web server to do anything more than serve up those files. No need for any dynamic server-side processing.
I guess this is JAMstack. Though, given that the J stands for JavaScript, the A stands for APIs, and I'm not using either, technically it's Mstack.
Netlify suits my hosting needs nicely. It also provides the added benefit that, should I need to update my CSS, I don't need to add a query string or anything to the link elements in the HTML that point to the style sheet: Netlify does cache invalidation for you!
The mp3 files of the actual podcast episodes are stored on S3. I link to those mp3 files from enclosure elements in the RSS feed, which is what makes it a podcast. I also point to the mp3 files from audio elements on the individual episode pages—just above the transcript of each episode. Here's the page for the most recent episode.
I also want people to be able to download the mp3 file directly if they want (or if they want to huffduff an episode). So I provide a link to the mp3 file with a good ol'-fashioned a element with an href attribute.
I throw in one more attribute on that link. The download attribute tells the browser that the URL in the href attribute should be downloaded instead of visited. If you give a value for the download attribute, it will over-ride the file name:
download
Or you can use it as a Boolean attribute without any value if you're happy with the file name:
download
There's one catch though. The download attribute only works for files on the same origin. That's an issue for me. My site is but my audio files are hosted on—the download attribute will be ignored and the mp3 files will play in the browser instead of downloading.
Trys pointed me to the solution. It turns out that Netlify can do some server-side processing. It can do redirects.
I added a file called _redirects to the root of my project. It contains one line:
/download/* 200
That says that any URLs beginning with /download/ should redirect to Everything after the closing slash is captured with that wild card asterisk. That's then passed along to the redirect URL as :splat. That's a new one on me. I hadn't come across that terminology, but as someone who can never remember the syntax of regular expressions, it works for me.
Oh, and the 200at the end is the status code: okay.
Now I can use this /download/ path in my link:
Download mp3
Because this URL on the same origin, the download attribute works just fine.
An nth-letter selector in CSS
Variable fonts are a very exciting and powerful new addition to the toolbox of web design. They was very much at the centre of discussion at this year's Ampersand conference.
A lot of the demonstrations of the power of variable fonts are showing how it can be used to make letter-by-letter adjustments. The Ampersand website itself does this with the logo. See also: the brilliant demos by Mandy. It's getting to the point where logotypes can be sculpted and adjusted just-so using CSS and raw text—no images required.
I find this to be thrilling, but there's a fly in the ointment. In order to style something in CSS, you need a selector to target it. If you're going to style individual letters, you need to wrap each one in an HTML element so that you can then select it in CSS.
For the Ampersand logo, we had to wrap each letter in a span (and then, becuase that might cause each letter to be read out individually instead of all of them as a single word, we applied some ARIA shenanigans to the containing element). There's even a JavaScript library—Splitting.js—that will do this for you.
But if the whole point of using HTML is that the content is accessible, copyable, and pastable, isn't a bit of a shame that we


How Many Syllables are in Erostrate | Divide Erostrate into Syllables
How many syllables are in erostrate? 3 syllables
Divide erostrate into syllables: e-ros-trate
How to pronounce erostrate:
US English Accent and Pronunciation:
British English Accent and Pronunciation:
Definition of: Erostrate (New window will open)
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Erostrate Poems: (See poems with this word. New window will open)
Synonyms and Words Related to Erostrate
(0 Syllables)
What do you think of our answer to how many syllables are in erostrate? Are the syllable count, pronunciation, words that rhyme, and syllable divisions for erostrate correct? There are numerous syllabic anomalies found within the U.S. English language. Can erostrate be pronounced differently? Did we divide the syllables correctly? Do regional variations in the pronunciation of erostrate effect the syllable count? Has language changed? Provide your comments or thoughts on the syllable count for erostrate below.
Comment on the syllables in Erostrate
A comprehensive resource for finding syllables in erostrate, how many syllables are in erostrate, words that rhyme with erostrate, how to divide erostrate into syllables, how to pronounce erostrate in US and British English, how to break erostrate into syllables.


text:
Master of Science in Computer Science (MSCS)
The Star Plot is one of popular methods for visualization of multivariate data. This method displays each data record as a star-shaped icon by mapping all variables (dimensions) on radiating rays (axes) originated from a single point. The number of such icons is equal to the number of data items (records). As the number of dimensions and the size of data set increase, Star Plot visualization soon becomes too cluttered because many rays have to be accommodated within small circular area and individual icons also become too small. To overcome these problems associated with visualization of high-dimensional multivariate data, we propose different ways of effectively using the Star Plot method. First, instead of displaying multiple star-shaped icons, one for each data item, we plot all data items together. With this overlapping, the entire display space can be used for rendering. Second, we shift the origin outward to produce a circle in the center, the circumference of which provides the origin points for the respective axes and increase the spacing between rays toward low-value ends. Third, to accommodate a very large number of dimensions, we adopt a multi-level approach in which we partition the dimensions into groups and plot corresponding rays in multiple concentric circular rings. For instance, our two-level Star Plot draws a subset of rays (e.g., 1/4th of total dimensions) in inner small circle and the rest (3/4th dimensions) in outer larger ring. The GUI support allows the user choose desired Star Plot option and also dynamically adjust the dimension partitioning and the ring boundary. We have demonstrated the effectiveness and usefulness of the proposed Star Plot extension by visualizing three multivariate data sets of varying number of dimensions.
Document Availability at the Time of Submission
Release the entire work immediately for access worldwide.
Sangli, Shabana, "Adopting Star Plot for Visualization of High Dimensional Multivariate Data" (2014). LSU Master's Theses. 2077.
Karki, Bijaya B.


Renewable energy under fire; is it reliable, affordable or sustainable and is it the future?
DavidCollins2Politicians regularly denigrate renewables in response to powerful lobbyists and hint at power blackouts and increased energy bills to steer voters towards an energy manifesto based on fossil fuel, nuclear and fracking. On the other hand there is genuine public concern over the environmental impacts and reliability of some types of renewable energy generation. David has been Head of Biogas at the Renewable Energy Association since 2004 and has been active in implementing measures to kick start and support the biogas industry in the UK which now has over 150 working plants producing electricity, heat, green gas and soil fertiliser. He pioneered a biofertiliser certification scheme for the UK and was elected to the Board of the European Biogas Association in January this year. David will look at the technologies, discuss current concerns over the viability of renewable energy systems and point a way towards a reliable de-centralised sustainable energy future using his experience of biogas technology as a working example.


Note: The code to reproduce the results can be found on the sPYnning Github repository.
Spinning globe
The source code to animate a spinning globe is published on Github. The sphere is approximated by hexagons (and few pentagons). By assigning a color to each hexagon, we can color-code the globe to represent the ocean / landmass of the earth, or even different countries.
We can fake a diffusion equation on the sphere by simply updating a cell's value based upon the neighboring cells. For a full diffusion equation, the areas of the cells would need to be included. For this animation, I did not consider this yet. Since I could not get my hands on an elevation profile, I only distinguish between landmass an ocean and run the diffusion equation on these values.
The update rule then looks like this.
This update need to be applied in every iteration, resulting in the following code (including plotting).
This results in the following animation (or versions of it).
Game of Life
It is easy to implement a spherical Game of Life version. However, it is hard to find appropriate update rules. The idea is, that the (boolean) state of a cell is being updated based upon the states of the neighbors. If the neighbors are alive, they bring life to the cell. If too many neighbors are alive, a cell dies. A possible implementation can look like this. Here you can be creative.
We can initialize the states randomly as True or False. Some fine-tuning is required to find a good update rule.


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By NoCamels Team What do racism and lack of creativity have in common? According to a new study from Tel Aviv University – quite a lot. As it turns out, people who are of a racist mindset were less creative when put to the test.
"Although these two concepts concern very different outcomes, they both occur when people fixate on existing category information and conventional mindsets," researcher Carmit Tadmor and her colleagues write in an article published in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science.
Racism, or "racial essentialism," is basically the view that racial groups possess underlying essences that represent deep-rooted, unalterable traits and abilities. The researchers hypothesized that, once activated, an essentialist mindset would lead to a reluctance to consider alternative perspectives, resulting in a generalized closed-mindedness.
Triggering racism kills creativity
The researchers manipulated participants' beliefs about racial essentialism by having them read one of three articles: one that described fictitious scientific research supporting racial essentialist (racist) beliefs, one that described fictitious research supporting racial nonessentialist beliefs, or one about the scientific properties of water.
The participants then took a commonly used test of creativity called the Remote Associates Test. The participants were given three distinct words and they had to identify a single target word that linked the three words together. So, for example, given the words "manners," "round," and "tennis," the correct answer would be "table."
The researchers found that participants primed with an essentialist viewpoint were less creative, solving significantly fewer of the word problems correctly than participants in the other two groups.
Results may help devise a preemptive strike
A follow up study added further explanation to the results, by showing that racial essentialism and decreased creativity could be explained, at least in part, by an increase in closed-mindedness.
Together, these studies suggest that essentialism exerts its negative effects on creativity by changing how people think, as opposed to changing what they think. This finding fits with previous research on information processing and creativity.
Despite the results being quite preliminary, researchers speculate that there may be a way to implement them for educational purposes. Tadmor and colleagues speculate that it might be possible to use these findings to devise an intervention program that reduces racial essentialist beliefs, thereby leading participants not only to become more socially tolerant but also to unleash their creative potential in the process.
Co-authors on this research include Melody M. Chao of Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Ying-yi Hong of Nanyang Business School, Nanyang Technological University and Beijing Normal University; and Jeffrey T. Polzer of Harvard University.
Photo by Daviniodus


Do we need an 'insurance policy' for tax reform?
Mar. 30, 2013 | Comments
Barry Erwin
Barry Erwin
 - Filed Under
The Revenue Estimating Conference has been in place for almost 25 years. It's the mechanism state government uses to project revenues for budgeting purposes and it has proven to be a good reform that has greatly benefited the state. The process is pretty straightforward. An economist from the Division of Administration and another one from the Legislative Fiscal Office work independent of each other to develop forecasts of how much revenue state government will take in each year.
They don't collude on the numbers and they use different modeling techniques to arrive at their conclusions. They also revise their estimates through the course of the budget year and they present all their data to the four-member Revenue Estimating Conference which picks one of the forecasts to be the state's official forecast for that time period.
Generally, most would agree that the Revenue Estimating Conference process has been a good one, and as a result the state has experienced very few real deficits over the years and those that have occurred have been relatively small. But longtime watchers of the Revenue Estimating Conference also note that throughout the course of a budget year, the revenue forecasts can often swing, sometimes significantly.
As one of the economists for the Revenue Estimating Conference notes in an assessment of the Conference's performance, variations like that are to be expected as more data becomes available and legislative actions are taken into account. But there is no doubt that initial forecasts have proven less accurate than later forecasts.
The assessment also notes that historically large errors have been associated with economic cycles, such as the one the country is going though now. "The forecasting process is expected to deal with economic cycles," the report notes, "although, forecasting will rarely deal with these cycles accurately."
So what does this have to do with the tax reform proposal? Simply that in Louisiana our own experience with revenue forecasting indicates it's not an exact science, certain things are unpredictable and accuracy improves with additional data, particularly data from actual tax collections. But even with all that, sometimes we get it wrong. This is a critical point as we embark on the tax reform debate.
Margin of error
In the revenue forecasting business no one gets it right all the time and accuracy depends on many factors. Given that reality, it would seem prudent as we go through the tax reform process to 1) allow ourselves some margin of error in our predictions and 2) develop a mechanism to make adjustments if the increases in sales tax revenues generated under the plan don't fully cover the losses of revenue triggered by the elimination of income taxes. There are a couple of reasons why CABL believes this makes sense.
In predicting the revenues generated by the proposed increased sales tax rate there is a great deal of room for uncertainty. For one thing, there's the question of how a higher rate will impact consumer behavior. Will consumers buy less if products or services cost more? To what degree will businesses use perfectly legal and totally expected tax avoidance measures to limit their
sales tax liability on the goods and services they purchase? And, perhaps most importantly, while economic modeling will no doubt be used to predict various consumer responses, how confident are we that they will capture them accurately? Particularly, with regard to myriad services that have never been taxed before.
We should probably anticipate the need for some type of transition from the old system to the new one. The governor's plan indicates the tax change will occur all at once on Jan. 1, 2014. As PAR and others have indicated, that's a short time frame and a lot of rules and regulations will have to be promulgated and approved to spell out more clearly which kinds of new services will be taxed and which ones will not. As past experience with the Stelly tax swap indicates, even a relatively simple change like eliminating the sales tax on food for home consumption can cause considerable confusion in the marketplace for a time. This tax swap would be vastly more complicated, particularly for businesses, and they will need time to understand the new rules and implement them properly. In the meantime, errors and mistakes are to be expected.
There are a number of other observations that could be made, but the point is there is a tremendous amount riding on the ability of the revenue forecasters, whoever they may be, to get the numbers right. And there's ample reason to expect that with the complexity involved in this type of restructuring there will be mistakes.
If the revenue predictions err on the side of bringing in more revenue than expected, that doesn't create much of a problem for the state as lawmakers could always reduce taxes if they choose to bring things back to revenue neutrality. But if they don't bring in as much revenue as expected, that could create a self-inflicted budget crisis that would be hard to repair.
Louisiana is now in the midst of five years of state budget cuts. The chairman of the House Appropriations Committee recently warned that we haven't hit bottom yet and future budget cuts can be expected. Consider for a moment what would happen if after the tax swap revenues fall short of expectations. That would mean that a reduction in revenues due to the loss of expected taxes would be compounded on top of budget cuts we're already anticipating. Higher education and health care would most likely be the most dramatically impacted if recent history is any indication. No one wants to see that happen.
So what do we do? As mentioned before, if revenues come in too high, lawmakers can cut taxes if they choose. If they come in too low, will they raise taxes to make up for it? They may have little choice. If so, which taxes? We won't have an income tax and we have to recognize politically that if we ever do eliminate that tax it will likely never be re-instated. So that's not an option. That pretty much leaves just a handful of other alternatives to consider.
We could again raise sales taxes, but if we do, we would be adding that on top of what would already be the highest sales tax rate in the country. That doesn't seem like a good option. We could perhaps further broaden the sales tax base, but that would skew the winners and losers from the original plan and could make the tax even more regressive depending on how it would be implemented. Or we could create some kind of new business tax, but that would seem to defeat part of the purpose of enacting the tax swap in the first place.
Barry Erwin is president of the Council for a Better Louisiana in Baton Rouge.
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text:
Security as a principle of war.
It's not sheer bloody-mindedness that causes captured spies to be shot in wartime. Information can usually be calculated in lives saved or lost. If you know what the enemy is up to while concealing your own plans, your chances of success increase immensely.
The crucial Battle of Midway in 1942 was won largely because the United States had broken the Japanese codes. The Japanese, however, knew little of the the U.S. forces' deployment, of that the Americans were reading their coded messages. Good security capability enables you to achieve the most crucial of combat advantages—surprise.
Back to Principles of War
Back to Jane's Military History Nodes
Sources: See Principles of War main page


text:
Return an integer file descriptor for the socket on which the server
is listening. This function is most commonly passed to
select.select(), to allow monitoring multiple servers in the
Process a single request. This function calls the following methods
in order: get_request(), verify_request(), and
process_request(). If the user-provided handle()
method of the handler class raises an exception, the server's
handle_error() method will be called.
Handle an infinite number of requests. This simply calls
handle_request() inside an infinite loop.
The family of protocols to which the server's socket belongs.
socket.AF_INET and socket.AF_UNIX are two
The user-provided request handler class; an instance of this class is
created for each request.
The address on which the server is listening. The format of addresses
varies depending on the protocol family; see the documentation for the
socket module for details. For Internet protocols, this is a tuple
containing a string giving the address, and an integer port number:
('127.0.0.1', 80), for example.
The socket object on which the server will listen for incoming requests.
The server classes support the following class variables:
Whether the server will allow the reuse of an address. This defaults
to False, and can be set in subclasses to change the policy.
The size of the request queue. If it takes a long time to process a
single request, any requests that arrive while the server is busy are
placed into a queue, up to request_queue_size requests. Once
the queue is full, further requests from clients will get a
''Connection denied'' error. The default value is usually 5, but this
can be overridden by subclasses.
The type of socket used by the server; socket.SOCK_STREAM
and socket.SOCK_DGRAM are two possible values.
There are various server methods that can be overridden by subclasses
of base server classes like TCPServer; these methods aren't
useful to external users of the server object.
Actually processes the request by instantiating
RequestHandlerClass and calling its handle() method.
Must accept a request from the socket, and return a 2-tuple containing
the new socket object to be used to communicate with the
client, and the client's address.
This function is called if the RequestHandlerClass's
handle() method raises an exception. The default action is
to print the traceback to standard output and continue handling
Calls finish_request() to create an instance of the
RequestHandlerClass. If desired, this function can create a
new process or thread to handle the request; the ForkingMixIn
and ThreadingMixIn classes do this.
Called by the server's constructor to activate the server. The default
behavior just listens to the server's socket.
May be overridden.
Called by the server's constructor to bind the socket to the desired
address. May be overridden.
Must return a Boolean value; if the value is True, the request will be
processed, and if it's False, the request will be denied.
This function can be overridden to implement access controls for a server.
The default implementation always returns True.
See About this document... for information on suggesting changes.


text:
Traditional Chinese Funeral Arrangements
On the passing away of the father, the eldest son becomes the head of the family. If the eldest son passes away, his second brother does not assume leadership of the family. Leadership passes to the eldest son of the eldest son or the grandson of the father. He must assume the responsibilities and duties to the ancestors on behalf of the family.
Form of the Funeral Ceremony
There are two main traditions that are observed:
1. The funeral ceremony, which traditionally lasts over 49 days, the first seven days being the most important. Prayers are said every seven days for 49 days if the family can afford it. If the family is in poor circumstances, the period may be shortened to from 3 to 7 days. Usually, it is the responsibility of the daughters to bear the funeral expenses. The head of the family should be present for, at least the first and, possibly the second, prayer ceremony. The number of ceremonies conducted is dependent on the financial situation of the family. The head of the family should also be present for the burial or the cremation.
2. In the second tradition, the prayer ceremony is held every 10 days. The initial ceremony and three succeeding periods of ten days until the final burial or cremation.
After 100 days a final prayer ceremony is conducted, but such a ceremony is optional and not as important as the initial ceremonies.
In the Mahayana tradition of Buddhism, to which most Chinese Buddhists subscribe, it is believed that between death and rebirth there is an intermediate period – called Antarabhava in Sanskrit, or the Bardo in Tibetan. It is an important period which has an influence on the form that the rebirth shall take. If the family ensures that proper assistance in the form of prayer and remembrance ceremonies are duly performed, the departed is better able to take a favourable rebirth.


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Kew Field - the start of Kew Gardens
Kew Field - the origins of the estate at Kew - was once a single
large strip-farmed field that began to change gradually, from around
1600 into the more regular enclosed fields shown on the 1730s map
of the St André estate. Prior to this, between 1500 and 1550,
the house of Kew Park had been built into Kew Field's northeast
corner and its estate extended from there.
The Kew Park estate changed hands several times through the 16th
century, settling with Sir Richard Bennett in the first half of
the 17th century. His daughter, Dorothy Bennett, inherited the estate.
She married Sir Henry Capel, and it was the Capel family who developed
the first famous gardens in Kew Park.
The Capels lived at Kew Park (later calling it the White House)
during the latter half of the 17th century. The 1730 map shows the
house and gardens occupying a small area south of the Dutch House.
The design was of small walled gardens and formal courtyards flanking
the house, with the land outside used for agriculture. The map also
shows that the Capel estate (by now named St André due to
Elizabeth Capel's remarriage) extended south for about two
thirds of the length of today's gardens.
Records of the time declare that Sir Henry Capel and "the
whole Capel family were famously devoted to gardening... it was
close to an obsession". The gardens were widely admired,
especially for their greenhouses, trees and exotic plants.
The diarist and author John Evelyn (_PHONE_) was also a keen
botanist and landscape designer. A regular visitor to Kew Park,
he noted in 1678, "Hence I went to my worthy friend Sir
Henry Capel... his garden certainly has the choicest fruit of any
plantation in England, as he is the most industrious and understanding
in it". In 1683 he commented on the "cupola
made with pole work between two elms at the end of a walk, which
being covered by plashing the trees to them... very pretty".
In 1688 Evelyn recorded that Capel's "orangerie
and myretum are most beautiful and perfectly well kept. He is contriving
very high palisadoes of reedes to shade his oranges during the summer
and painting those reedes in oil".
Back to: 16th
& 17th Centuries: Royal Influences


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Four Porcupines in the North East Atlantic and a Dolphins' Barn in Dublin!
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Four Porcupines in the North E ast Atlantic (!) and a Dolphins' Barn in Dublin (!)
Did you ever wonder why there are 4 places in the North East Atlantic named after a porcupine and what exactly is a porcupine?? Is it some kind of mythical creature that lives under the sea (?) or are these areas named for some other reason?
Unfortunately the porcupine is not some kind of fabled sea creature as imagined, rather it is a large rodent-like animal and classified in the same order as rats, mice and beavers. It looks a little like our hedgehog, but not as cute and cuddly (ouch!) and not related, as that animal is in the same order as shrews and moles. The hair of the porcupine, called quills, has evolved into the same sort of defensive mechanism as the hedgehog and it used to be believed that it could fire its quills at enemies but nowadays it is accepted that this is not the case but the quills dislodge easily if touched by a predator and there are sharp barbs on the end to penetrate the flesh. It is generally avoided by predators as in extreme circumstances it will turn its rear to them and thrust at them with its strongest quills which can be up to 14 inches long on its rear end. But what has all this to do with The Porcupine Bank; The Porcupine Canyon; The Porcupine Seabight and The Porcupine Abyssal Plain in the NE Atlantic?
The answer to the riddle lies with the HMS "Porcupine" [_PHONE_] a 490 ton Royal Navy 3-gun (3 X 32 pounders), wooden, paddle-wheel steamer, commissioned in 1844 for hydrographic survey work in the Atlantic, in particular looking for a suitable track and suitable gradient for a new underwater telegraph cable from Europe to America which eventually resulted in the Atlantic cable from Valentia island, Co. Kerry to Heart's Content in Newfounfland. In 1862, under the command of Richard Hoskyn, she discovered a shallow and extensive bank 120 miles west of Ireland ever since known as The Porcupine Bank. The bank is approx. 45 nautical miles NS X 30 miles EW [1,350 sq.mi.] and ranges in depth from 200 meters at its outer edge to only 148 m. depth at its NW section. HMS "Porcupine" followed in the tradition of naming a R.N. gunboat "Porcupine" [9 in total from 1746], even though we now know, as above, that porcupines do not fire their quills at their enemies as was then believed, and with her two funnels fore and aft of the machinery spaces and with her bowsprit and two-mast brigantine rig for auxilairy sailing, she also bristled like a porcupine.
In 1869-70, under the command of Captain Calver and with the naturalist Gwynn Jeffries as Scientific Officer (also Dr. Carpenter & Wyville Thomson) they disproved the so called Azoic (Lifeless) Hypothesis or Abyssus Theory that no life existed below 300 fathoms because of lack of sunlight penetration into the abyssal deep, incorrect information re temperature gradient and also misconceptions re the resilience and adaptations of living creatures to withstand the enormous pressure with increasing depth, by dredging up living animals from the deep off the west coast of Ireland / France in an area now know as The Porcupine Abyssal Plain ranging in depth from 3,000 to 5,000 meters and laid the foundation work for most of the practical and innovative dredging and sounding techniques later used on the greatest oceanographic expedition ever undertaken, by the HMS "Challenger" Expedition of 1872-76.
In some respects the early hydrographic surveys (1862) and later scientific expeditions (1869-70) of HMS "Porcupine" were the beginning of oceanography as we know it today and in recognition of this, a new marine natural history society was formed in Edinburgh Museum in Scotland by a group of enthusiastic conchologists in 1977 called The Porcupine Marine Natural History Society for the study, not just of molluscs, but "the ecology and generality of distribution of marine flora and fauna in the NE Atlantic" continuing to carry on the traditions of the early naturalists and a very welcoming and inclusive forum for marine naturalists both young and old today.
Porcupine Seabight and Porcupine Canyon
Seabight is a very interesting term and the term "bight" means primarily a loop made in a rope. "Keep out of the bight!!!" is a term you may hear on a fishing boat as the fishing gear is shot out the stern and an inexperienced crew member has his foot inside a slack bight of rope on the deck that is about to pull taut as the fishing gear goes out over the stern and he is in danger of going out with it! When used with the term sea as in "seabight" it refers to a curve in a coast, larger than, or with not as much curve as a bay. In the case of The Porcupine Seabight it refers to a broad, deep [circa 3,000 meters depth at its mouth] underwater bay approx. 23,000 square miles in extent cut into the continental shelf edge [circa 500 meters depth at the inner shelf top] about 100 miles south west of the Blasket Islands, Co. Kerry, Ireland S.W.
It is an area of rich marine productivity and a fantastically rich maritime habitat as the strong underwater tides and currents coming in from the deep abyssal plain swirl around the sides of the shelf edge and there is a great upwelling and mixing of nutrients and it is an area of great planktonic abundance including dense swarms of plankton and krill rising to the surface along the slope edges, rising in the mornings towards the sunlight and descending back towards the ocean floor in the evenings, on which the blue whales feed. This diurnal, vertical migration of plankton to and from the surface of the oceans worldwide is the single greatest migration of animals on the planet and the production of oxygen as a by-product of the photosynthesis of phytoplankton - converting carbon dioxide and sunlight into sugars for energy - is also responsible for an astonishing 70% of the oxygen in the atmosphere and makes life possible for us humans on earth. Rain forests provide about 28% of the oxygen in the atmosphere and it is estimated that one miniscule phytoplankton - Prochlorococcus - provides the oxygen for one in every 5 breaths that we breathe. It is time that we paid more attention to the beneficial microbial health of our planet.
The topsides of the slopes have large underwater gardens of soft, delicate, cold-water coral waving and filter feeding as are the anemones and other deep-water molluscs. Tuna, including Blue fin tuna come to feed here also when the sea water temperature is about 15 degrees Celsius and the summer breeding birds on the Outer Blasket Islands like the Guillemots, Puffins, Fulmar petrels. Manx shearwaters and Storm petrels come out as far as here to catch some of the abundant fish to bring back to their hungry waiting broods on the Blaskets.
They know where the shelf edge lies beneath the open ocean from the different colouration in the water, and also from the eddying and rippling of the water and changing direction of the ocean currents. Procellariiformes [Tubenoses like shearwaters and petrels] in particular are keenly aware of the olfactory landscape of the oceans and use their highly developed olfactory senses to literally navigate by their noses to areas like the shelf edge where [invisible to us with our limited senses] clouds of Di-methyl Sulphide [DMS] indicate the presence of decaying algae or phytoplankton being grazed on by zooplankton and krill, who are in turn predated on by whitebait and other small fish and even by blue whales. These DMS hotspots in the open ocean are clearly discernible to the Procellariiformes, just like neon signs indicate restaurants to humans in urban landscapes.
The recently investigated Porcupine Canyon lies further west about 180 nautical miles west of the Blaskets and is an exceptionally deep underwater canyon from a depth of approx.700 meters to approx. 3,000 meters underwater with steep precipitous sides and also a rich and exceptional maritime habitat especially for sperm whales, deep diving for up to an hour at a time after squid, and also various varieties of beaked whales including Cuvier's, Gervais', Sowerby's and Trues' beaked whales and also Northern Bottlenose whales, all of whom are often washed up on the shores here in Kerry as victims of offshore sonar arrays from oil exploration vessels booming


text:
Depending on the recipe, most baked goods require the use of eggs. Believe it or not, eggs serve a crucial role in many recipes, but cooking the perfect egg often proves to be a difficult task. This one simple ingredients has a series of characteristics, which can very depending on the method used to cook the eggs.
Factors that affect the cooking time of eggs:
Age of the eggs: There is a specific bonding between the inner membrane of the eggs and the egg whites. This bond can be specifically be seen in fresh eggs from a farm, which is why they are often difficult to boil/cook. These type of eggs can be best used for frying. On the other hand, this bond eventually breaks down overtime, making it easier to boil/cook eggs found at a supermarket.
Protein Bonding Temperature: Egg whites contain certain proteins, that can bond together. These bonds affect the appearance and structure of the egg, as these bonds can lead to the rubbery texture of the egg white that can sometimes be found in hard-boiled eggs. Between 30-140°F, the proteins of the egg whites expand. Above 140°F, the proteins will bond and after 155°F, the proteins will solidify. At around 180°F, the proteins will bond together, giving the opaque and firm characteristics of the egg white. Any temperature above 180°F may lead to the release of hydrogen sulfide, which is responsible for the smell of rotten eggs, as well as the dark green-grayish compound located between the egg white and yolk if overcooked.
Egg Yolk Temperature: The egg yolk is mainly composed of fatty acids, cholesterol, and some proteins. Because of this, different temperatures affects its performance. An egg cooked at any temperature below 145°F will have no affect on the yolk. Once reaching a temperature around 160°F, the yolk will become firm but it will still retain its bright color. Any temperature over 170°F will cause the yolk to turn a pale yellow, and it will have a crumbly consistency. This will result in its chalky texture and it will also release ferrous sulfide, which is also responsible for the smell of rotten eggs.
Altitude: Altitude also plays a key role in cooking an egg as altitude affects the boiling temperature of water. According to the U.S Department of Agriculture (USDA), the boiling temperature at a point above 2,000 feet is around 208°F, lower than the ground level boiling temperature of 212°F. Due to this difference, it will take more time to properly cook an egg at higher levels than that of lower levels.
On the other hand, there are also many ways to prepare eggs, with each method having its own scientific background to it.
Science Behind Various Methods of Preparing Eggs:
Heating: When heating eggs, the egg-white proteins move around and collide with water molecules. Due to this, weak bonds may break, causing the egg white proteins to uncurl and collide with other proteins that have uncurled as well. This results in new chemical bonds, connecting different proteins to one another. The breaking of bonds and formation of new bonds allow for the egg white proteins to form a series of interconnected proteins. These bonds are responsible for the ability of the egg whites to develop a rubbery texture, which was previously discussed in the "Protein Bonding Temperature" paragraph located earlier in this post.
Beating/whipping: Beating or whipping eggs exposes air bubbles to egg whites. This exposure allows the unfolding of the egg proteins just as heating would unfold these proteins. Egg-white proteins consist of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic amino acids. In other words, some amino acids are attracted to water, while others are repelled by it. Prior to uncurling, the hydrophobic amino acids are located in the center away from the water, while the hydrophilic amino acids are located closer to the water. When the egg-white protein encounters an air bubble, part of the protein is exposed to both air and water. This causes the protein to uncurl so the hydrophilic and hydrophobic amino acids can be located in its desired respected area. This allows the amino acids to bond with each other, creating a series of bonds that hold the air bubbles in space. When heating the air bubbles, the gas inside them expands. Often, the area around the bubble solidifies, and the structure usually does not collapse when the bubbles burst. The protein that lines the outside of the air bubbles is known as lecithin. This is what prevents them from collapsing when baking. This allows for the consistency found in a soufflé or meringue. The more whipped the egg whites are, the more stiff they will become. On the other hand, unbeaten egg whites often allow the lecithin as a binder, which hold the cake together.
Here's an interesting fun fact: There is a myth stating that copper bowls are better for whipping eggs. There is some actual scientific support to this myth, proving that it is true. The copper ions from the bowl combine with conalbumin, one of the proteins found in eggs. This combination forms a bond that is stronger than the protein itself, making it less likely for the egg-white proteins to unfold. The copper could also react with sulfur-containing groups on other proteins found in eggs, making the egg proteins even more stable. If a copper bowl is not used, ingredients such as cream of tartar or vinegar can be used to produce a similar effect.
Mixing: Many recipes call for the mixing of oil-based and water-based liquids. However, these two are immiscible and do not interact with one another. Because of this, egg yolks are often used to create an emulsion. Egg yolks contain a number of emulsifiers, with some of them being hydrophobic and others being hydrophilic. Because of this, thoroughly mixing egg proteins with oil and water will allow part of the protein to attract the water and another part to attract the oil.
Just like egg-whites, egg yolks contain lecithin. The lecithin, which is a phospholipid, also acts as an emulsifier. Due to its structure (see figure below), it has a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail. The tail gets attracted to the oil, while the head gets attracted to the water.
These important characteristics of egg proteins play a crucial role in making foods such as mayonnaise, which require the mixing of water and oil.
On a side note, eggs can also be used as moisteners (instead of using water) and a good source of fat and amino acids. It can also be used as a glaze as a source of protein for the Maillard Reaction.
So next time you bake, don't forget to note the complex structure and characteristics of an egg…it is because of this that eggs are used in various methods of cooking. Not only does an egg serve for taste, but it also plays a vital role in the texture or appearance of certain kinds of food.
Author: Erica Rowane Bautista


What it contains
This fact sheet contains information about smoke and carbon monoxide from peat fires. It includes what peat fire smoke looks like, what is in peat fire smoke, why we measure carbon monoxide around a peat fire, and general smoke-related health information.
Publication number
Number of pages
Release date
19 February 2020
Reviewed 19 February 2020


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Online Dictionary: translate word or phrase from Indonesian to English or vice versa, and also from english to english on-line.
Hasil cari dari kata atau frase: throttle(0.01022 detik)
Found 2 items, similar to throttle.
English → English (WordNet)
n 1: a valve that regulates the supply of fuel to the engine
[syn: accelerator, throttle valve]
2: a pedal that controls the throttle valve; "he stepped on the
gas" [syn: accelerator, accelerator pedal, gas pedal,
v 1: place limits on (extent or access); "restrict the use of
this parking lot"; "limit the time you can spend with
your friends" [syn: restrict, restrain, trammel, limit,
2: kill by squeezing the throat of so as to cut off the air;
"he tried to strangle his opponent"; "A man in Boston has
been strangling several dozen prostitutes" [syn: strangle,
3: reduce the air supply; "choke a carburetor" [syn: choke]
English → English (gcide)
Throttle \Throt"tle\, n. [Dim. of throat. See Throat.]
1. The windpipe, or trachea; the weasand. --Sir W. Scott.
2. (Steam Engine) The throttle valve.
Throttle lever (Steam Engine), the hand lever by which a
throttle valve is moved, especially in a locomotive.
Throttle valve (Steam Engine), a valve moved by hand or by
a governor for regulating the supply of steam to the steam
chest. In one form it consists of a disk turning on a
Throttle \Throt"tle\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Throttled; p. pr. &
vb. n. Throttling.]
1. To compress the throat of; to choke; to strangle.
Grant him this, and the Parliament hath no more
freedom than if it sat in his noose, which, when he
pleases to draw together with one twitch of his
negative, shall throttle a whole nation, to the wish
of Caligula, in one neck. --Milton.
2. To utter with breaks and interruption, in the manner of a
person half suffocated. [R.]
Throttle their practiced accent in their fears.
3. To shut off, or reduce flow of, as steam to an engine.
Throttle \Throt"tle\, v. i.
1. To have the throat obstructed so as to be in danger of
suffocation; to choke; to suffocate.
2. To breathe hard, as when nearly suffocated.


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The headline in question is:
"20 Lessons Learned in Travelling the World."
So, what made this a super-viral headline?
- It's a list-post (contains numbers). People love to share lists, as shown in this study as well.
- It triggers emotion. When a headline manages to activate deep, primal emotional needs, it's more likely to go viral. In this case, it made readers feel awe, joy, desire (for adventure and changing their lives for the better).
- It covers a topic many people are going to be interested in. Most people want to know how to enjoy a better life, enjoy a fulfilled life, and how to leave a legacy.
- "Traveling the World." Most of us are seeking advice from people who we aspire to be like (most people want to be the kind who travels more, which is part of the explanation of why this headline went viral).
Keep these tips in mind when creating your next headline to increase its chances of spreading like wildfire on social media.


Lesson 10.4: Bug Fix – Removing multiple items from GroupedInventory
Mickey noticed a bug in the code, from the changes in Lesson 10.2, adding a GroupedInventory property for LivingEntity.
When we try to remove multiple items, like when completing a quest, it only removed one item. This lesson will fix the bug.
Lesson Steps
Step 1: Modify Engine\Models\LivingEntity.cs
There is a problem getting the "groupedInventoryItemToRemove" object on lines 147-148.
For unique items, we want to get the item that exactly matches the parameter. If a player has multiple swords (which will be unique items), we want to get the exact item, and remove it.
For non-unique items, we only need to get the GroupedInventory object with an ItemTypeID that matches the parameter's ItemTypeID.
So, change lines 147-148 to this:
GroupedInventoryItem groupedInventoryItemToRemove = item.IsUnique?
GroupedInventory.FirstOrDefault(gi => gi.Item == item) :
GroupedInventory.FirstOrDefault(gi => gi.Item.ItemTypeID == item.ItemTypeID);
This is a "ternary operator". It evaluates the calculation before the question mark. If that calculation is "true", it returns the first result (the part before the ":"). If it is "false", it returns the second result (the part after the ":").
It's another way to do a simple "if…else" statement.
So, if the passed-in object is unique, we will look for the first item that completely matches it. If it is not unique, we will find the first item with the same ItemTypeID.
We really should have unit tests for this project. So, after I finish this batch of refactoring lessons, I'll start creating those.
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2 thoughts on "Lesson 10.4: Bug Fix – Removing multiple items from GroupedInventory
 1. There's no real benefit. In fact, I would bet that both end up compiling into the exact same CLR (Common Language Runtime) code.
 I just like using the ternary operator when the condition of the "if" statement is not too long, and we're only using the "if" to assign a value to a single variable. It's fewer lines than writing an "if" statement with curly-braces (which is how I write all my "if" statements, to be consistent and clear), and slightly easier to understand the intent of the "if" (to set the value of a variable).
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A few aspects of analise financial conditions enterprises of the Far East
The finance, taxes and book keeping
There are five groups of enterprises according to the activity characteristic functioning in the Far East. Each stage of the enterprises development is characterized by specific major tasks, which arose before the enterprises at the given stage. Every group has its own distinctive market peculiarities, specified levels of capital profitability and turnover, balance structure and reliability in connection with budget, credit institutions and state structures


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Alphabetic Index : A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
white, pink, silver-, cream-, golden-colored, green, blue, black, yellow, rainbow2369
|weak, cannot be evaluated. Genuine black p.: Red to reddish River-p.: Strong: pale green|
A pearl is a hard object produced within the soft tissue (specifically the mantle) of a living shelled mollusk. Just like the shell of a clam, a pearl is made up of calcium carbonate in minute crystalline form, which has been deposited in concentric layers. The ideal pearl is perfectly round and smooth, but many other shapes of pearls (baroque pearls) occur. The finest quality natural pearls have been highly valued as gemstones and objects of beauty for many centuries, and because of this, the word pearl has become a metaphor for something very rare, fine, admirable, and valuable.
The most valuable pearls occur spontaneously in the wild, but they are extremely rare. These wild pearls are referred to as natural pearls. Cultured or farmed pearls from pearl oysters and freshwater mussels make up the majority of those that are currently sold. Imitation pearls are also widely sold in inexpensive jewelry, but the quality of their iridescence is usually very poor, and often, artificial pearls are easily distinguished from genuine pearls. Pearls have been harvested and cultivated primarily for use in jewelry, but in the past they were also stitched onto lavish clothing. Pearls have also been crushed and used in cosmetics, medicines, and in paint formulations.
Whether wild or cultured, gem quality pearls are almost always nacreous and iridescent, as is the interior of the shell that produces them. However, almost all species of shelled mollusks are capable of producing pearls (formally referred to as "calcareous concretions" by some sources) of lesser shine or less spherical shape. Although these may also be legitimately referred to as "pearls" by gemological labs and also under U.S. Federal Trade Commission rules, and are formed in the same way, most of them have no value, except as curiosities.
Pearls are commonly viewed by scientists as a by-product of an adaptive immune system-like function.Etymology Indonesia
Almost any shelled mollusk can, by natural processes, produce some kind of "pearl" when an irritating microscopic object becomes trapped within the mollusk's mantle folds, but the great majority of these "pearls" are not valued as gemstones. Nacreous pearls, the best-known and most commercially-significant pearls, are primarily produced by two groups of molluscan bivalves or clams. A nacreous pearl is made from layers of nacre, by the same living process as is used in the secretion of the mother of pearl which lines the shell.
A "natural pearl" or "wild pearl" is one that forms without any human intervention at all, in the wild, and is very rare. Many hundreds of pearl oysters or pearl mussels have to be gathered and opened, and thus killed, in order to find even one wild pearl, and for many centuries that was the only way pearls were obtained. This was the main reason why pearls fetched such extraordinary prices in the past. A cultured pearl is formed in a pearl farm, using human intervention as well as natural processes.
One family of nacreous pearl bivalves – the pearl oyster – lives in the sea, while the other – a very different group of bivalves – lives in freshwater; these are the river mussels such as the freshwater pearl mussel. Saltwater pearls can grow in several species of marine pearl oysters in the family Pteriidae. Freshwater pearls grow within certain (but by no means all) species of freshwater mussels in the order Unionida, the families Unionidae and Margaritiferidae.A pearl being extracted from an akoya pearl oyster. Physical propertiesAkoya pearl grafting shed in Xuwen, China.
The unique luster of pearls depends upon the reflection, refraction, and diffraction of light from the translucent layers. The thinner and more numerous the layers in the pearl, the finer the luster. The iridescence that pearls display is caused by the overlapping of successive layers, which breaks up light falling on the surface. In addition, pearls (especially cultured freshwater pearls) can be dyed yellow, green, blue, brown, pink, purple, or black. The very best pearls have a metallic mirror-like luster.
Because pearls are made primarily of calcium carbonate, they can be dissolved in vinegar. Calcium carbonate is susceptible to even a weak acid solution because the crystals of calcium carbonate react with the acetic acid in the vinegar to form calcium acetate and carbon dioxide.Freshwater and saltwater pearlsShell of one species of freshwater pearl mussel, Margaritifera margaritifera.
Freshwater and saltwater pearls may sometimes look quite similar, but they come from different sources.
Freshwater pearls form in various species of freshwater mussels, family Unionidae, which live in lakes, rivers, ponds and other bodies of fresh water. These freshwater pearl mussels occur not only in hotter climates, but also in colder more temperate areas such as Scotland (where they are totally protected under law). However, most freshwater cultured pearls sold today come from China.
Saltwater pearls grow within pearl oysters, family Pteriidae, which live in oceans. Saltwater pearl oysters are usually cultivated in protected lagoons or volcanic atolls.Creation of a pearlDiagram comparing a cross-section of a cultured pearl, upper, with a natural pearl, lower
The difference between wild and cultured pearls focuses on whether the pearl was created spontaneously by nature – without human intervention – or with human aid. Pearls are formed inside the shell of certain mollusks as a defense mechanism against a potentially threatening irritant such as a parasite inside its shell, or an attack from outside, injuring the mantle tissue. The mollusk creates a pearl sac to seal off the irritation.
The mantle of the mollusk deposits layers of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in the form of the mineral aragonite or a mixture of aragonite and calcite (polymorphs with the same chemical formula, but different crystal structures) held together by an organic horn-like compound called conchiolin. The combination of aragonite and conchiolin is called nacre, which makes up mother-of-pearl. The commonly held belief that a grain of sand acts as the irritant is in fact rarely the case. Typical stimuli include organic material, parasites, or even damage that displaces mantle tissue to another part of the mollusk's body. These small particles or organisms gain entry when the shell valves are open for feeding or respiration. In cultured pearls, the irritant is typically an introduced piece of the mantle epithelium, with or without a spherical bead (beaded or beadless cultured pearls).Natural pearls
Natural pearls are nearly 100% calcium carbonate and conchiolin. It is thought that natural pearls form under a set of accidental conditions when a microscopic intruder or parasite enters a bivalve mollusk, and settles inside the shell. The mollusk, being irritated by the intruder, forms a pearl sac of external mantle tissue cells and secretes the calcium carbonate and conchiolin to cover the irritant. This secretion process is repeated many times, thus producing a pearl. Natural pearls come in many shapes, with perfectly round ones being comparatively rare.
Typically, the build-up of a natural pearl consists of a brown central zone formed by columnar calcium carbonate (usually calcite, sometimes columnar aragonite) and a yellowish to white outer zone consisting of nacre (tabular aragonite). In a pearl cross-section such as the diagram, these two different materials can be seen. The presence of columnar calcium carbonate rich in organic material indicates juvenile mantle tissue that formed during the early stage of pearl development. Displaced living cells with a well-defined task may continue to perform their function in their new location, often resulting in a cyst. Such displacement may occur via an injury. The fragile rim of the shell is exposed and is prone to damage and injury. Crabs, other predators and parasites such as worm larvae may produce traumatic attacks and cause injuries in which some external mantle tissue cells are disconnected from their layer. Embedded in the conjunctive tissue of the mantle, these cells may survive and form a small pocket in which they continue to secrete their natural product: calcium carbonate. The pocket is called a pearl sack, and grows with time by cell division; in this way the pearl grows also. The juvenile mantle tissue cells, according to their stage of growth, produce columnar calcium carbonate, which is secreted from the inner surface of the pearl sack. With ongoing time the external mantle cells of the pearl sack proceed to the formation of tabular aragonite. When the transition to nacre secretion occurs, the brown pebble becomes covered with a nacreous coating. As this process progresses, the shell itself grows, and the pearl sack seems to travel into the shell. However, it actually stays in its original relative position within the mantle tissue. After a couple of years, a pearl will have formed and the shell might be found by a lucky pearl fisher.Cultured pearls Main article: Cultured pearlNuclei from Toba Pearl Island, Japan
Cultured pearls are the response of the shell to a tissue implant. A tiny piece of mantle tissue from a donor shell is transplanted into a recipient shell. This graft will form a pearl sac and the tissue will precipitate calcium carbonate into this pocket.


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Yao Ming and the froghopper
Just a few days after a tough and inspiring performance against the Lakers, Yao Ming is injured again, with a stress fracture in his foot. Lakers coach Phil Jackson commented on Yao's fragility by saying "A person in physics once told me if man was 60 feet tall, the first step he'd take, he'd completely crumble … Gravity's a bitch."
But is it true? Certainly larger people have heavier bodies, but they also have thicker bones and larger muscles. So why are tall people more prone to injury? This post examines that question using one of the simplest and most powerful ideas in physics: the scaling argument. I will also try to make a prediction for the "injury prone-ness" of a person as a function of their height.
Before I get to Yao Ming, allow me to discuss a simple example using what is arguably the best athlete in the animal kingdom: the froghopper. The froghopper is a little insect, barely half a centimeter long, but it has about a 27″ vertical jump. That's about 140 times its own body length, so in a certain sense it would be like me jumping 840 vertical feet. Pretty impressive. But if we put the froghopper in an enlarging ray, and blew it up 365 times so that it was the same size as me, would it really be able to jump 840 feet?
The answer is no. That's because an object's weight is proportional to its body volume, which is proportional to the cube of its size. So making the froghopper 365 times larger would make it million times heavier. The froghopper's ability to jump depends on the volume of its muscles, which also increase by times after it gets put through the enlarging ray. So the ability of the froghopper to jump remains the same: it gets a lot stronger, but also proportionally heavier. Therefore, a 6-foot froghopper could jump the same height as a half-centimer froghopper: 27 inches. It just looks much less impressive.
Now let's think about Yao Ming, who is sort of like a normal person put through an enlarging ray. The propensity for one of Yao's bones to fracture depends on the stress he puts on them. Stress can be defined as weight divided by cross-sectional area. So if weight depends on volume (size^3) and the cross-sectional area of his poor foot bones depends on size^2, then the stress grows as (volume / area) = (size^3 / size^2), or in other words, the stress increases directly with size. You can think of it this way: by virtue of his great height, Yao's bones are about 1.7 times thicker than the average person's, but he weighs about 2.2 times more. Thus, his bones have a harder time than yours do.
So how much more likely is he to get injured than the average man (height 5'8″)? Well, there are people out there who break bones for a living and have addressed this very question. They found that the frequency of stress fracture in bone grows as the stress it is under to the power
0.06. Putting together their conclusions, along with the observation that Yao gets some kind of stress fracture every year or so, we can estimate how many years it would take for athletes of various heights to come down with a stress fracture:
Of course, this chart is just a general prediction and is not meant to be completely accurate. Some people will be hardier than others, and those people tend to be athletes (no stress fractures yet for a 7'1″ Shaquille O'Neal). But the shape is important. It suggests that if you're under 6 feet tall (hooray, most of the world!) there is really not much risk of a stress fracture. You can have a 20-year career as an athlete without too much worry. But for those above 7 feet tall, your chance of a fracture is about 10 times greater than for your 6-foot brethren.
So finally, was Phil Jackson right about the collapse of a 60 foot man? Actually, by my estimate, he was quite conservative. As far as I can tell, a 16'3″ man would fracture his tibia the first time he took a step.
There is a sad and interesting footnote to this story. The depressing far-right side of the graph above corresponds to the 8'11″ Robert Wadlow, the tallest man in recorded history who suffered from an overactive pituitary gland. By his late teens he was already incapable of walking without leg braces, and he continued to grow until his death at age 22.


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The gas turbine materials technology program at Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) includes super alloys, including directionally solidified and single crystal alloys, coatings, titanium alloys, composites, ceramics, intermetallics, and polymers, as well as conventional ferrous and nonferrous materials.
For materials and coatings selection, it is necessary to understand the parameters, such as the materials and process, structure-property relationships, and process quality assurance that affect the durability of the components. Engineers have worked extensively on numerous gas turbine materials and coatings and tested a number of superalloys and coatings to generate a materials database, understand degradation mechanisms, and develop life assessment methods. SwRI has conducted studies that can be broadly categorized as:
- Materials and processes
- Testing and evaluation
- Quality assurance
- Supplier qualification
SwRI can offer you a full range of capabilities and experience in gas turbine technology including becoming an extension of your engineering department. Contact us for more information about our gas turbine technology materials and coatings selection capabilities. To contract with SwRI, please contact the Machinery Services Hotline at _PHONE_.
For more information, contact Tim Allison or call _PHONE_.


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Week 3 BPS Reactions to Disasters
In review of our course materials this week, we are introduced to several excellent theories aiding our understanding in the survivors' experience in coping after disaster events. The complex nature of disasters results in reactions manifested in many ways including psychological, biological, and social. The architect of modern-day positive psychology, Dr. Martin Seligman, speaks to the foundational basis of the psychological approach in his Ted Talk, The New Era of Positive Psychology. In considering the insights Dr. Seligman applies to the field of psychology, we may find useful applications to addressing concerns unique to disaster psychology.
- After reviewing the course materials for the week, including Dr. Seligman's Ted Talk, share the theory or psychological approach to coping after a disaster event that most stood out to you as effective in aiding survivors and the rationale for your selection.
- In addition, considering the Core Actions of Psychological First Aid (PFA) we have reviewed thus far, discuss the appropriateness of implementing any or all Core Actions in conjunction with the selected theory or approach.
Remember to respond to at least three classmates during the week in the discussion forum.
Seligman, M. (2004). Martin Seligman: The new era of positive psychology [Video file]. Retrieved from _URL_
Each week in the discussion forum:
- By Wednesday at 11:55pm Eastern Time please post a 300-word minimum length "Initial Post" in response to the topic requirements on each forum during its scheduled week.
- Also, required are for each forum are three (3) 200-word minimum length replies to at least three different classmates, due by Sunday at 11:55 pm Eastern Time.
- Forums are scholarly dialogs, so while sharing what you think and not just what published authors wrote is encouraged, only stating opinion isn't acceptable.
- Instead, thoughtfully integrate relevant theory and research you read about this week and strive to make connections between that academic content and your own observations and experiences.
- Formal citations are not required in the discussion forums.
Your responses to the postings of other students should be relevant and substantive.
- Reply posts containing just a few sentences or statements of agreement or disagreement only or that stray away from the topic, congratulating classmates for a "good job", or repeat what another classmate has already said in his or her posts does not demonstrate substantive discussion.
Please be certain to post the name of the person you are responding to in each post you make; this is essential for tracking who said what to whom


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The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Chase, Irah
CHASE, Irah, D. D., an American clergyman, born at Stratton, Vt., Oct. 5, 1793, died at Newtonville, Mass., in November, 1864. He was educated at Middlebury college and Andover theological seminary, and was ordained in 1817. After laboring as a Baptist missionary in the western part of Virginia, he became in 1818 professor in the theological school at Philadelphia, which was soon after transferred to Washington. In this office he remained seven years, one of which he spent in Europe, and in 1825 he was prominent in establishing the theological school at Newton Centre, Mass., with which he was connected as professor till 1845, when he resigned, in order to devote himself to theological and literary studies. During a visit to Europe in 1830 he aided in founding the Baptist mission in France. He published "The Life of John Bunyan," "The Design of Baptism," "The Work claiming to be the Constitution of the Holy Apostles, revised from the Greek," "Infant Baptism an Invention of Man," and many sermons, essays, and contributions to reviews on questions of church history and doctrine.


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The OC Health Care Agency is taking a "Stop, Drop and Roll" approach to help our community remember the basics when it comes to slowing the spread of COVID-19: "Face, Hands and Feet." Featuring simple steps – Wear a FACE covering, Wash HANDS often and stay 6 FEET apart, the toolkits below focus on actions we can all take to protect ourselves and each other. Click the language below to access pre-written social media posts, graphics and flyers to help us share these key prevention messages.
As the weather gets colder and the holidays get closer, continue to keep yourself and those around you safe from COVID-19. This video we developed with _USER_ reminds you to wear a mask, wash your hands, and maintain social distancing. _TAG_ _TAG_ _URL_


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I don't understand why so many otherwise intelligent programmers insist on using spaces to indent lines of code. The whole purpose of a tab is to advance the cursor to a specific position. These positions are customizable in every capable editor out there. Why force your formatting on everyone who has to read or edit your code? It's not like you sit there and hit the spacebar 2, 3, 4, or 8 times; you hit tab and tell your editor to translate it to spaces. In fact, you go to great lengths to have your editor pretend a group of spaces at the beginning of a line is one unit – a tab, if you will. What's the point? A tab is the semantically correct equivalent.
This is especially aggravating in an environment where more than one person, each with his own indentation preference, is editing code. Even if you mandate that each developer must use spaces for indentation, and further, that they must use a specific number of them, the developer is still left with the problem of changing his editor preferences each time he wants to work on that project. This is further compounded when you have developers working on multiple projects, each with different "settings" due to managerial differences.
Tabs are the One True Way. Anyone who tells you otherwise is likely a creature of archaic habit, or downright misinformed.