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Inspiring the next generation of food scientists
Europe's food industry is constantly evolving and adapting — so much so, that it has become one of the most important and dynamic industrial sectors. EU research plays a key role too, with a focus on consumer perceptions and attitudes towards food and nutrition, as well as innovation through advanced technologies in traditional food production, food quality and better understanding of the environmental impact of food. It is estimated that food, together with drinks, has created an industry with a combined annual turnover in excess of EUR 900 billion — this is the single largest manufacturing sector in the EU in terms of turnover, value addition and employment. Indeed, in times of serious unemployment growth in the EU, the food industry is able to maintain jobs, and this adds to the social dimension of the industry. But it's an area that calls for further research and development, which is why emphasis has been placed on inspiring the next generation of scientists and technologists to explore a career in food.
This is the objective behind an EU-funded support action called TRACK_FAST, which is helping to define the development of a relatively new science. The TRACK_FAST consortium is focused on ensuring the continuation of the EU's food industry leadership in the global economy, by promoting a higher degree of innovation and competitiveness in the food sector. However, there are challenges: a growing and ageing population; environmental, social and operational sustainability; and ensuring consumer trust and behaviour. So the food and drink industry needs to find ways of staying ahead in a competitive global economy. To do this, innovation has to be applied on a daily basis, via a motivated and well-trained workforce within the industry.
To understand more about the challenges and ways of addressing them, TRACK_FAST conducted a Europe-wide survey aimed at 3,000 professionals. In one particular questionnaire covering 281 food companies, it was observed that only 50 % of the employees working as food scientists and technologists had a degree in food science, technology or engineering. In addition, it was found that 10 % of trained food scientists and technologists employed in Europe did not have a university degree. The most typical education of the remaining professionals was related to fields such as agriculture, chemical engineering, nutrition and environment engineering.
The questionnaires revealed that 85 % of the food industry professionals worked in the areas of quality and safety management and production, and in the areas of research, development and consumer/marketing studies.
These represent important areas of activity within the food and drink professionals; they are enabling TRACK_FAST to focus future efforts on identifying relevant skills.
But it's not their only area of focus. A forthcoming event in Brussels will bring together food industry representatives, training and higher education institutions, and policymakers to outline recommendations for the future.
The Open Symposium with presentation of the main results of the TRACK_FAST project on 29 January. Topics covered will include; the skills needed in the industry, the continual professional development portfolio for the food and drink professional, suggestions for actions to attract motivated students, and the role of the different stakeholders in defining the future of the sector and the people working within. The results of a Pan-European survey to more than 3,000 professionals will also be showcased.
Participation is open to any interested stakeholder.


Updated date:
The Real Hammer House of Horror: Oakley Court Hotel Windsor
Brian Langston is a retired Assistant Chief Constable now living in Southern France where he writes on crime, mysteries and the paranormal.
The Oakley Court Hotel near Windsor. Is this one of England's most haunted houses?
Supernatural Pedigree
To the west of Windsor lies the pretty village of Oakley Green which is dominated by Oakley Court, an extraordinary high-gothic mansion built on the banks of the Thames in 1859 by Sir Richard Hall-Say. Local legend claims that the house was built in the style of a French Chateau to comfort his homesick French wife. In fact, his wife was Edith Evans from nearby Boveney and the house, although magnificent, could not be described as French.
Nevertheless, it does have some French credentials. In 1919, it was bought by Ernest Olivier the Turkish Consul-General in Monte Carlo. During the Second World War, through his influence, the house became the secret headquarters of the French Resistance and Charles De Gaulle stayed in one of the bedrooms.
In 1955, Bray Studios opened next door, and the impressive tower and foreboding facade of Oakley Court became a splendidly atmospheric setting for many of their films. In 1965, after the death of Olivier, the house was left uninhabited for 14 years. During this time, Hammer and other filmmakers seized the opportunity to cast it as a creepy haunted house or Dracula's castle in over 200 films, including the Hammer Classics like The Brides of Dracula (1962), The Reptile (1966) and The Plague of the Zombies (1966). The house also featured in The Old Dark House 1963, And Now the Screaming Starts (1973), The Vampyres (1974), Murder by Death (1976) and the Peter Cook and Dudley Moore film, The Hound of the Baskervilles (1978). It is perhaps best known as Dr. Frank N. Furter's castle (called 'The Frankenstein Place') in The Rocky Horror Picture Show (1975).
Tragic Unexplained Deaths
The sinister pedigree was not, however, confined to the silver screen. From the late 1960s, the house was converted into flats, and it is during this period that the paranormal activity in and around the house intensified to the extent that it became described not only as haunted but evil. Residents reported hearing strange banging noises coming from parts of the house which were not occupied. Ghostly figures appeared at night driving away several tenants. Bad luck and tragedy befell many who lived there, and the atmosphere around the building apparently became so oppressive that it caused many people to commit suicide in the Thames. One man drowned in 1971 after falling from a pleasure steamer; his body was recovered near the house.
Another tragic case involved Penelope Gallerneault, aged 26, who moved into an apartment in the converted servants' quarters of Oakley Court with her husband and four children.
Friends had warned the family before they moved in that the place was haunted and had a previous history of accidents involving death by drowning. Penelope and her husband dismissed the stories as fanciful and reveled in their beautiful new riverside home. Little did they know that this was to be the worst decision they ever made. Within three years, two of their children would be dead, and their lives would be in turmoil.
The horror began in the summer of 1972 when Mrs. Gallerneault first sensed that something was very wrong at Oakley Court.
"'I started to see people walking in the grounds wearing hoods. This was accompanied by an overwhelming feeling of dread" she said. "Then one morning I found a box on the doorstep. When I opened it I was horrified to see the body of one of my cats with its neck broken". Although this was reported to the police, it was never discovered who was responsible but added to the rumors that evil forces were at work at Oakley Court.
Catastrophe struck shortly afterward when, in December, her two-year-old son, William, drowned. Mrs. Gallerneault was running him a bath when the phone rang. When she returned a few minutes later, he was floating dead in the water.
"I realise that many people might try to blame me for being careless, but that is just not the case. In a rambling old house like that, there are so many precautions you have to take.She told a newspaper in 1973.
Her grief was compounded when within months another almost identical tragedy struck the family. Her second son Edward, who was just two, was left in his playpen in the grounds of the house. Inexplicably, he managed to climb out, toddled down to the river, fell in and was drowned. The family was devastated and left the house shortly afterward, although their marriage did not survive the trauma.
Mrs Gallerneault told reporters, 'The house has an aura of evil, and I could never go back there. Horror films being made there might seem like a joke. I'm sure evil has rubbed off on the place or something awful has been invoked."
The Rev. Sebastian Jones, curate of St Michael's Church, Bray, added; "Oakley Court is definitely "spooky" and I would not want to stay there myself. Evil can generate evil, and the grounds would be an ideal place to practice black magic."
A senior policeman said at the time: "There have been some strange happenings at the house, which have never been fully explained. We made regular patrols after complaints about witchcraft being practiced and things seem to have quietened down now."
The house has an aura of evil and I would never go back there...
— Penelope Gallerneault, 1972
The Brides of Dracula 1966
The Brides of Dracula 1966
Disturbed Spirits
However, things did not remain quiet for very long. During its conversion to a hotel in the late 1970s, there were a number of strange incidents which further cemented its reputation of being one of the country's most haunted houses. On one occasion, workers fled the site when a pair of internal double doors burst open in front of them and glasses were smashed around them as if thrown by an unseen assailant.
The development was dogged with continuous electrical faults, and tools went missing and strange noises were heard coming from parts of the building they knew were unoccupied.
One contractor remarked; "From the day we started on the site we were plagued by inexplicable events. It was as though we were not welcome in the house and everything happened to delay the work or drive us away."
Workers refused to stay at the house after dark and ghost-like figures were seen on several occasions in the grounds. In response to damage being committed in the house overnight, the developers installed resident security guards but a succession of night watchman came and went after reporting hearing mournful moaning noises coming from the upper floors and the sound of people "marching on the roof." One of them narrowly escaped death after falling through the roof while investigating the strange noises.
Oakley Court Hotel
Oakley Court Hotel
Hooded figures have been seen in the grounds
Hooded figures have been seen in the grounds
A Time Slip Experienced?
In 1981, it finally opened its doors as a hotel, but the refurbishment failed to dislodge the ghostly entities. It became a regular tea spot for the Windsor police night shift, and before long, stories eerie new phenomena began to emerge from the night porters, who welcomed the nocturnal visits by the local police.
Phantom hooded figures were still observed stalking the grounds. The sound of a 'break shot' was heard coming from the billiard room in the middle of the night but when reception staff investigated they found the balls still in position and nothing had been touched.
In recent years, room 117 has acquired the reputation of being the most haunted after guests have reported seeing ghostly apparitions and even a possible time slip during their stay there.
One guest awoke in the middle of the night after sensing someone was standing next to his bed. He could make out a shadowy figure in the gloom and switched on the bedside light. He then saw standing beside the bed what he described as a 19th century gentleman in evening dress. He noticed that the room had also changed shape.
The ghost stood motionless until the guest leaped out of bed in fright and the spirit just melted away into the ether and the room reconfigured back to its correct shape. Inquiries later revealed that the configuration seen by the guest was, in fact, the original layout of the room before the refurbishment of the house although the identity of the ghost remains unknown.
Phantom Photograph
The manager of Oakley Court reports that to this day some staff will not go into one of the upstairs rooms due to an oppressive atmosphere and a feeling of being continually watched.
Guests have complained about knocks on their bedroom doors in the middle of the night and when checking have found no-one there. Visitors have also reported phantom images appearing on their camera shots. One such photograph is displayed in the hotel and shows a ghostly figure sitting at a dining table which the photographer and his companion insist, was empty when the picture was taken.
Psychics investigators claim that a pervading sense of menace still shrouds Oakley Court and it is this, rather than simply the imposing architecture and gruesome gargoyles, that accounts for the shiver down the spine which many visitors experience, when crossing the threshold for the first time.
© 2015 Brian Langston
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Gamut mapping
What is color gamut?
Color Gamut is the range of colors a given color space can produce. Some color spaces (e.g. Lab, LCH, Jazbz, CAM16) are mathematical models that encompass all visible color and thus, do not have a fixed gamut. Others however cannot produce all visible color without values out of range. For example. all the RGB spaces (sRGB, P3, Adobe® RGB, ProPhoto, REC.2020) have a gamut that is smaller than all visible color. Therefore, there are visible colors that cannot be represented by certain color spaces. For example, the P3 lime (color(display-p3 0 1 0)) is outside of the gamut of sRGB. In addition, colors that are not visible to humans can sometimes be represented by some color spaces! Most notably, two of ProPhoto's three primaries (pure green, pure blue) are outside the gamut of human vision!
The process of transforming a color outside of a given gamut to a color that is as close as possible but is inside gamut is called gamut mapping and is the subject of entire books.
So how does Color.js handle all this?
Color.js does not do gamut mapping by default, as this is lossy: If you convert from a larger color space to a smaller one and then back, you need to be able to get your original color (possibly with some roundoff error due to the calculations).
You can call color.inGamut() to check if the current color is in gamut of its own color space, or you can pass a different color space to check against:
let lime = new Color("p3", [0, 1, 0]);
let sRGB_lime ="srgb");
Note that while the coordinates remain unchanged, the string representation of a Color object is, by default, after gamut mapping, unless you explicitly turn that off:
let lime = new Color("p3", [0, 1, 0]).to("srgb");
lime.toString({inGamut: false});
If you want gamut mapped coordinates, you can use color.toGamut(), which by default returns a new color that is within gamut (if you want to mutate your own color instead you can use {inPlace: true}). You can also pass a different color space whose gamut you are mapping to via the space parameter.
let sRGB_lime ="srgb");
lime.toGamut({space: "srgb"});
Perhaps most important is the method parameter, which controls the algorithm used for gamut mapping. You can pass "clip" to use simple clipping (not recommended), or any coordinate of any imported color space, which will make Color.js reduce that coordinate until the color is in gamut.
The default method is "lch.chroma" which means LCH hue and lightness remain constant while chroma is reduced until the color fits in gamut. Simply reducing chroma tends to produce good results for most colors, but most notably fails on yellows:
Here is P3 yellow, with LCH Chroma reduced to the neutral axis. The RGB values are linear-light P3. The color wedge shows sRGB values, if in gamut; salmon, if outside sRGB and red if outside P3. Notice the red curve goes up (so, out of gamut) before finally dropping again. The chroma of P3 yellow is 123, while the chroma of the gamut-mapped result is far to low, only 25!
Instead, the default algorithm reduces chroma (by binary search) and also, at each stage, calculates the deltaE2000 between the current estimate and a channel-clipped version of that color. If the deltaE is less than 2, the clipped color is displayed. Notice the red curve hugs the top edge now because clipping to sRGB also means it is inside P3 gamut. Notice how we get an in-gamut color much earlier. This method produces an in-gamut color with chroma 103.


Koko wa Ima kara Rinri desu Episode 2 English Subbed
Koko wa Ima kara Rinri desu
Takayanagi is a mysterious high school teacher, who teaches ethics. His students look innocent, but they have serious problems like being bullied and harming themselves. Takayanagi tosses out words & ideas in ethics and philosophy to his students. The words written in the ethics textbook seem boring, but the words by such figures like Socrates affect the students to deal with their own problems and lives. (Source: AsianWiki) ~~ Based on a manga of the same name
List episode


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of Sankili II. If this argument is valid then the British should have handed over power in 1948 to the Kandyans which is the only state with whom they concluded a treaty of accession. There is no tenable theory to prove that the regional borders of feudal times should remain valid in mid-twentieth century. The fact that there was a separate kingdom in feudal times does not necessarily mean that the colonial masters had to restore in 1948 the bygone borders of 1619.
Besides, why stop at the borders of 1619? Why not go beyond that to the time when the Sinhalese borders circled the entire island. The British, in fact, did nothing wrong. They transferred power to the nation as a whole, based on the original borders established by Dutugemunu and Parakramabahu who, among others, were the sole sovereigns from coast to coast without any regional borders obstructing their supremacy. Their claim supersedes that of latter-day feudatories of Tamil rulers, who invariably paid tributes to the Sinhala kings. Fr. Queroz states that Jaffna was one of the fifteen kinglets that paid tribute to the Sinhala kings. The British, restored the historical borders of the Sinhala sovereigns that ruled the nation before the itinerant Tamil migrants established, for the first time, a permanent settlement in the 13th century.Tamil historians dates the Tamil kingdom from 1215 – 1619. The British, therefore, rightfully transferred power to the Sinhala sovereigns who ruled Jaffna before 1215 without any borders..
Besides, this there is a more telling historical argument which debunks their claim of Tamil power being transferred by the last King of Jaffna to the Portuguese. The Batakotte argument assumes that power was transferred to the Portuguese by the last Tamil King of Jaffna, Sankili II. If this claim is historically accurate then there is the possibility of mounting an argument on the grounds that power was transferred by Sankili II, however flimsy it may be. But history records a different story. The last battle for Jaffna was not fought by Sankili II but by the King of Kandy, Senarat in 1629. This makes him the last king of Jaffna and power finally flowed from him to the Portuguese. So this knocks the bottom out of the Batakotte argument that power was transferred by the Sankili in 1619.
In 1629, King Senarat of Kandy, whose two sons had married princesses of Jaffna, sent his kinsman, Mudliyar Atapattu to rescue Jaffna from the tyrannical grip of the Portuguese who were persecuting the people of Jaffna. Mudliyar Attapattu swept through Jaffna, virtually unopposed with the backing of the oppressed Tamils. For a short while Mudliyar Atapattu was the master of Jaffna, as stated by Queroz, until Constantine de Saa sent his forces from the south to defeat him.
History records that the last battle for Jaffna was fought by the Sinhalese. And power flowed from Sinhala-Buddhist king to the Portuguese. This negates the basic argument in the Batakotte Resolution that power was transferred by the Tamil king to the Portuguese.
In an earlier article (see : The last king of Jaffna was a Sinhala-Buddhist – Colombo Telegraph) I cited the Portuguese historians who confirmed that it was the Sinhalese who waged the last battle to save Jaffna from the Portuguese oppressors. Mahinda Rajapakse repeated that history when he fought the final battle to save Jaffna from the fascist oppression of Velupillai Prabhakaran – the first born child of the Batakotte Resolution. Ironically, it was the children of the Batakotte Resolution that turned the guns on the Fathers who legitimised their brutal violence.
It seems that history has a way of making those who distort its sacred contents pay dearly for their inexcusable sins.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Definitions for wageweɪdʒ
Random House Webster's College Dictionary
wageweɪdʒ(n.; v.)waged, wag•ing.
(n.)Often, wages. money that is paid or received for work or services.
Ref: Compare living wage, minimum wage. 1
wages, recompense or return:
The wages of sin is death.
Obs. a pledge or security.
(v.t.)to carry on (a battle, argument, etc.):
to wage war.
Obs. to stake or wager. to pledge.
(v.i.)Obs. to contend; struggle.
Origin of wage:
1275–1325; ME: pledge, security < AF; OF guagegage1< VL *wadium < Gmc (see wed )
wage, pay, earnings, remuneration, salary(verb)
something that remunerates
"wages were paid by check"; "he wasted his pay on drink"; "they saved a quarter of all their earnings"
carry on (wars, battles, or campaigns)
"Napoleon and Hitler waged war against all of Europe"
An amount of money paid to a worker for a specified quantity of work, usually expressed on an hourly basis.
To wager, bet.
To employ for wages; to hire.
To conduct or carry out (a war or other contest).
to wage war
Origin: from wage, a northern variant of gauge, gage, from *waddi, wadja (cognate with wedd), from wadjō, from wadh-. Akin to veþja "to pledge", wadi. More at wed.
to pledge; to hazard on the event of a contest; to stake; to bet, to lay; to wager; as, to wage a dollar
to expose one's self to, as a risk; to incur, as a danger; to venture; to hazard
to engage in, as a contest, as if by previous gage or pledge; to carry on, as a war
to adventure, or lay out, for hire or reward; to hire out
to put upon wages; to hire; to employ; to pay wages to
to give security for the performance of
to bind one's self; to engage
that which is staked or ventured; that for which one incurs risk or danger; prize; gage
that for which one labors; meed; reward; stipulated payment for service performed; hire; pay; compensation; -- at present generally used in the plural. See Wages
Translations for wage
Kernerman English Multilingual Dictionary
(alsoˈwages noun plural) a regular, usually weekly rather than monthly, payment for the work that one does
He spends all his wages on books; What is his weekly wage?
- salárioPortuguese (BR)
- der LohnGerman
- μισθός, (οικονομικές) απολαβέςGreek
- salario, sueldoSpanish
- mjesečna plaćaCroatian
- laun, kaupIcelandic
- 임금, 급료, 삯Korean
- darba algaLatvian
- gaji, upahMalay
- lønn, gasjeNorwegian
- lön, avlöningSwedish
- ค่าจ้าง; ค่าแรงThai
- 報酬，薪資Chinese (Trad.)
- заробітна платаUkrainian
- lương tuầnVietnamese
- 工资，报酬Chinese (Simp.)
Get even more translations for wage »

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


You are currently viewing VESSEL LIGHTS – A COMPLETE GUIDE
When we start taking our boats out we eventually get to the stage where we go out in the dark. That means we are going to see some different vessel lights on the water.
This may even come sooner than we intended if we get our planning wrong and arrive late.
There are lots of lights out there to try and make sense of. It's important that we can identify some of the signals we are being shown so that we can avoid any dangers. This could include large shipping, boats with fishing gear or even military vessels.
Below is a complete guide to vessel lights along with another of our handy downloads. There is a load more information on our YouTube channel too, which you can find here:
Our YouTube Channel
Don't forget to Subscribe?
First of all take a look at this video guide to the definitions of vessel lights and their visible angles.
Vessel Lights – Definitions
Normal power driven vessels have four lights to distinguish them from other boats.
As per all other boats they have a red port light on the left side of the bow. Opposite that they have a green starboard light on the right side of the bow. In the below image we can see that the vessel is facing us.This is because we can see both the port and starboard lights at the same time.
As well as these two lights, power driven vessels have a forward facing, white masthead light. This indicates that the vessel is being propelled by machinery. This light is sometimes referred to as a 'steaming light' because of this.
Vessel lights - power driven less than 50 metres
A second piece of information we can derive from the masthead light is it's size. A vessel with a single masthead light is under 50 metres in length. A second masthead light is compulsory for vessels over 50 metres in length. Just like in the image below.
Vessel lights - power driven over 50 metres
The reason we state that two mast head lights 'probably' mean over 50 metres is because smaller vessels are also allowed two masthead lights. However, this is usually impractical because the rules state that the second masthead light must be 4.5 metres higher than the first. Most smaller vessels don't have the structure to accommodate this.
Finally, a power driven vessel has a single white stern light. When this light is visible to us, we can't see any of the bow or steaming lights. We therefore know we are approaching the vessel stern. This is important as under the IRPCS (or ColRegs) this makes us the overtaking vessel and therefore the 'Give Way' vessel.
There are a couple of exceptions to the above light configuration for power driven vessels.
Firstly, a vessel of less than 12 metres in length is allowed to combine the masthead light and stern light. These then become a single all round white light.
Secondly, a power driven vessel of less than 7 metres in length and capable of a maximum speed that is less than 7 knots, is allowed to display a single all round white light in lieu of everything else.
These vessels are power driven and so they display the same lights as power driven vessels. In addition however, so they can be distinguished, they also display and all round flashing yellow light. This is mounted where it can best be seen.
Vessel lights - power driven hover craft
The lights for sailing vessels are very similar to those of power driven vessels plus a couple of extra options.
When sailing, the vessel has to display red and green side lights and a white stern light. It does not display a forward facing masthead light as that would mean it was being propelled by machinery. A masthead does need to be fitted though as it must be displayed when the engine is turned on. This is an important distinction because sailing vessels and power driven vessels avoid collisions in different ways.
Vessel lights - sail over 20 metres
We can also tell something about the vessel size from the two side lights. Smaller sailing vessels, under 20 metres in length are allowed to combine the two lights at the top of the mast. Once a sailing vessel is over 20 metres long then the two lights must be separate. These then have to be placed on the bow.
Vessel lights - sail less than 20 metres
Additionally, sailing vessels have the option to show two all round lights at the top of the mast. These are a red light over a green light. However, these can't be shown at the same time as a combined light mentioned above.
Finally, much like power driven vessels, a sailing vessel less than 7 metres in length is able to display a single white light instead of the other lights.
so those are the basics for power driven vessels and sailing vessels. There next comes a series of vessel lights that indicate special conditions. These help us identify the 'Give Way' and 'Stand On' vessels that are described under Rule 18 of the IRPCS. Rule 18 is the responsibilities between vessels and you can get a reminder of this rule using the following video.
Rule 18 – Responsibilities Between Vessels
All of the following vessels are identified by different day shapes during daylight hours. If you need a recap on these check out this article:
Day Shapes
Vessels not under command identify themselves by showing two all round red lights, one above the other.
'Red over red. Captain's dead.'?
They come at the top of the 'Stand On' list because they can't effectively take action to avoid a collision. This is defined as being due to an exceptional circumstance. For instance, they are broken in some way or have sustained damage that compromises their ability.
Vessel lights - not under command
Importantly, these vessels give us some other information. If they are making way through the water then they display their side lights and stern light. If they are not making way through the water then they only display the all round red lights to indicate that they are not moving.
Additionally to the above, if the exceptional circumstance is because the vessel is aground the anchor lights will be displayed as well.
Vessel lights - vessel aground
In equal place in the 'Stand On' list are vessels restricted in ability to manoeuvre. Unlike vessels that are not under command, these are not restricted due to an exceptional circumstance. Instead, these are restricted due to the nature of their work. They could be carrying out under water surveys, diving operations, laying pipes or cable or anything else that hampers them.
These vessels are distinguished by three all round lights in a vertical line. The middle one being white and the other two being red.
Vessel lights - restricted in ability to manoeuvre
This is a second vessel that will turn off its side lights and stern light if it not making way through the water. It will turn them back on again once it starts making way.
One such vessel mentioned under this rule that is restricted due to the nature of its work is a Mine Sweeping vessel.
Vessel lights - Mine sweeper
These vessels display the lights for a power driven vessel appropriate to their size plus three all round green lights arranged as shown. I would suggest that if you ever see these lights you're in the wrong place.
A vessel constrained by it's draught can only navigate within the confines of a narrow channel. The draught is the distance from the waterline to the bottom of the hull or keel. In this case the vessel requires deep water so as not to run aground. Smaller vessels must not impede these larger ships.
Vessel lights - Constrained by Draught
To show their condition these vessels display three all round red lights in a vertical line. Unlike previous examples though, these vessels never turn off their side lights or stern light.
The next vessels in the list are those engaged in fishing. These guys are hampered by their fishing gear and represent quite a hazard to recreational boat users. There are different types of fishing activity and they are distinctive by use of their lights.
Fishing vessels also turn off their side lights and stern light when they aren't making way.
Vessels engaged in standard fishing will display a red light over a white light to indicate what they are doing.
'Red over white frying tonight'.?
Vessel lights - fishing not trawling
Vessels engaged in trawling instead of normal fishing will indicate the fact by displaying a green light over a white light. This lets us know that there fishing nets extending from the vessel which will present a hazard to other boats.
Vessel lights - trawling
Sometimes trawlers will work together. This is referred to as pair trawling. Both trawlers will display green lights over white lights. Additionally, they will display different lights to illustrate their activities. These are as shown in the following three illustrations.
Pair trawling - shooting nets
Pair trawling - Hauling nets
Pair trawling - nets fast upon an obstruction
The final type of fishing vessel with a unique light display is a Purse Seine fishing vessel. These fisherman drop weighted nets in a circle so as to form a 'purse'. These are then drawn in like a big bag to collect the shoals of fish.
Vessel lights - Purse seine fishing
In addition to the red over white lights, purse seiners will display to flashing yellow lights. These are installed vertically and flash alternately.
Vessels engaged in towing and whose purpose is to be able to tow will display the lights for a power driven vessel. In addition, they will display a second, white, forward facing masthead light and a yellow stern light. The yellow stern light is placed above the usual white stern light.
Towing under 200 metres
The length of the tow


Related pages:
 1. Create a batch file containing the following line:
 java -Xmx2048m -Djava.library.path="\auth\x64" -jar \db-agent.jar
 For a 32-bit system, the set java.library.path="\auth\x32"
 If you are monitoring multiple databases, you must increase the size of the memory allocation. For more information, see Agent Hardware Requirements.
 2. Click Control panel > Scheduled Tasks.
 3. Select the batch file to execute. This is the file created in step 2.
 4. Create a new task.
 5. Select When my computer starts. When setting the agent to automatically start up using Task Scheduler when the machine starts or restarts, ensure the agent runs with the highest privileges available.
 6. Enter the administrator's credentials to run the Database Agent as that user.
 7. Click Finish
 8. To start the for the first time, right-click on the scheduled task, and click Run.


Defining programs
Programs are managed from the "Workspace" area on the left of the Workbench main window. To work with programs, activate the workspace area and select the "Programs" tab in it.
Here you can declare an manage the programs and User Defined Function Blocks (UDFBs) of your application. The workspace shows the list of all programs and UDFBs, initially sorted by alphabetic order.
Creating programs
Press this button in the toolbar for creating a new program. You have to select its language at this time. The programming language of a program can be changed later by converting the program. You can also declare a child program for a selected SFC program.
When you create a program or UDFB, you have to enter its properties. A wizard guides you for defining:
- the identification and main attributes of the program
- its advanced parameters for its execution at runtime
- its description
The same box can be used later to rename a program, change its properties and its description.
The box also includes a wizard for defining/arranging input and output parameters in case of a UDFB or sub-program
The program property box can also be used for protecting the program against editing.
Programs must have unique names. The name cannot be a reserved keyword of the programming languages and cannot have the same name as a standard or "C" function or function block. A variable should not have the same name as a declared variable The name of a program should begin by a letter or an underscore ("_") mark, followed by letters, digits or underscore marks. It is not allowed to put two consecutive underscores within a name. Naming is case insensitive. Two names with different cases are considered as the same.
Opening programs
Press Enter or double click on a program to open it with the appropriate editor. An open program cannot be renamed or deleted.
Copying programs
Use the "File / Copy" command for duplicating the selected program. Copy cannot be used for erasing an existing program. You must enter a new name for the destination of the copy.
Arranging programs in folder
Default workspace shows all programs in alphabetic order. You can freely arrange them in a tree by creating folders. Use the "New folder" command in the right-click popup menu to create a new folder. Simply click on its name to rename it. You can create several levels of folders.
Then, simply drag programs in folders to re-arrange the tree. Programs, sub-programs and UDFBs can be put together in the same folder. Within a folder, all items are sorted in alphabetic order.
Defining the execution sequence
Use the "Cycle" command in the context menu to define the execution order of various programs in a seperate box. The box shows the list of the main programs, as they will be executed in runtime cycles. You can:
- use the "Move" buttons to change the order of the programs within the cycle.
- use the "Select" buttons to specify if the program must be called in the cycle. Unselected programs are not kept at compiling time, and are shown with a "red cross" icon in the workspace.
- use the "Increase/Decrease" buttons when the "Period" or "Phase" column is selected to change the scheduling of a program. This enables you to define "slow" programs that are not called on every cycle. See the "Program advanced properties" for further details.


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Honoring ancient petroglyphs in Utah to be mammoth event
Courtesy of Andrew Gulliford
Fort Lewis College Professor Andrew Gulliford, who wrote earlier this year about the discovery of mammoth petroglyphs near Bluff, Utah, is tickled by the creative offering some residents of the town are making to the ancient rock art.
On Dec. 21 - the winter solstice - they will burn a 16-foot-tall mammoth effigy.
"Who needs to go to Nevada for the Burning Man Festival when you can go to Bluff and burn a mammoth?" Gulliford wrote in an email with a photo of the mammoth attached.
Joe Pachak, a rock expert and local artist who was the first to discover the petroglyph, said the idea of the burning is to draw attention to the petroglyphs.
"This will promote more recording by scientists of rock art in the future," he said.
The petroglyphs, first of discovered in 1987, have long been a subject of controversy.
Scientists question whether these illustrations really depict mammoths, and many residents of the town have advocated for further protection of the site where they were discovered.
Since the first discovery, more possible mammoth petroglyphs have been discovered.
Gulliford, in his Durango Herald and Cortez Journal column "Gulliford's Travels," also argued for further protection by the Bureau of Land Management.
The wooden mammoth was built over a three-week period by Pachak and local Bluff residents using only sticks and two support poles. It is built to the scale of an actual mammoth.
Pachak said many volunteers helped with the making of the mammoth, with a group doing the design and about 30 others assisting in construction on a volunteer basis. The sculpture has been on display for a week.
Gulliford is a frequent visitor to Bluff.
"What really appealed to me is the size of the mammoth - it's to scale," he said. "Mammoths are smaller than mastodons, and I didn't know that."
Gulliford plans to go to Bluff for the burning.
The mammoth will be burned at 8 p.m. in a ceremony complete with drumming and flaming darts to set the structure on fire.
Pachak said residents of Bluff are excited about the petroglyphs, which, at about 13,000 years old, may be some of the oldest rock art in North America.
In March, a group of 30 volunteers led by resident Anne Phillips recorded the fourth mammoth petroglyph.
Pachak hopes to see these practices continue because it could lead to more discoveries in the future.
"That's why it's very important to record the rock art - the other elements were discovered by documenting very well," he said.


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Could you clarify whether qalqalah is always in a letter or whether it is only in saakinah letters?
As salaamu alaykum
Could you clarify whether qalqalah is always in a letter or whether it is only in saakinah letters? Most books say it is in saakinah letters. But if qalqalah is because of shiddah and jahr, both of which are sifaat laazimah which are ALWAYS in the letter, then isn't qalqalah also always in the letter? It may be less prominent, but it should be present if it is a sifah laazimah.
Wa alaikum assalaam wa rahmatullahi wa barakaatuh
The qalqalah is only present when the letter is saakin. The letter hamzah also has shiddah and jahr, but it is not to be read with a qalqalah. The mechanism of the qalqalah is such as it can only be in a saakin letter.
Some scholars add (when saakinah) the characteristic of the qalqalah is used for the group of letters which have the qalqalah.
There are those who say the qalqalah is always present (as stated in your question) but more apparent when the letter is saakin, but we and many others hold the opinion that it is only when the letter is saakin. It is not a big issue since in the end the way it is read is the same, and we should respect both opinions.


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Hinz telling your civil rights storyPresentation Transcript
Telling Your Civil Rights Story How to effectively communicate your civil rights activities
Your civil rights story should be about how you reach audiences protected by the Title VI Civil Rights Law of 1964.
Our responsibilities As a recipient of federal funding, Cooperative Extension is required to comply with civil rights laws to: 1) assure nondiscrimination and equal opportunity 2) make up for historic and continuing discrimination toward protected groups by reaching out with special efforts (affirmative action).
Review together as a team Civil Rights Resources Website _URL_ Expanding Access Through Civil Rights Activities New Colleague Orientation--PowerPoint
Who should tell the story? All members of the county office team should participate and demonstrate their understanding and involvement in civil rights outreach As a team, discuss roles of each colleague
Demographic data is foundational to your story Include as much detail as possible Describe your county profile Be more specific about demographics relevant to program areas Census, Applied Population Lab, local sources
General and specific One person cover general county demographics relevant to overall Extension programming Individual colleagues cover demographics relevant to program areas
***Demographics help identify potential audience How did you decide to focus special efforts on particular groups of people? How have you defined potential audience for each program you discuss? Potential audience is those who would be interested in or benefit from your educational program. You define your potential audience based on the goals of your program
Connect demographics to program Focus on county data for people in groups protected by the Title VI Civil Rights Law of 1964 (racial and ethnic groups, women) Small (>2 %) percentage of people in protected groups? What is diversity for your programs? Discuss those groups. Neglected audiences for the full county team to target? Neglected audiences for each program area?
Questions about telling you demographics story?
Demographics help identify potential audience
***Demonstrate understanding of civil rights outreach activities—include in your story What are your all reasonable efforts? What are the roles of individual colleagues? What partnerships help reach specific audiences? How have you incorporated the activities of civil rights outreach into program planning and implementation?
Outreach activities Include protected groups and neglected audiences in program planning activities and seek their input. Ensure that they are represented on mailing lists. Partner with local groups, agencies and organizations to reach protected groups and other neglected audiences
Outreach activities Keep mailing lists and e-mail lists up to date with people of color and organizations that represent or serve people of color—discuss Make personal contacts within communities of color to learn about and to reach out to these people--discuss Conduct meetings and educational sessions in facilities in welcoming and accessible locations and provide accommodations for people with disabilities--discuss
Outreach activities Keep flyers, press releases, invitation letters and other outreach correspondence, program brochures sent to targeted individuals and organizations with notations or where and when--discuss. Keep notes from meetings and phone conversations that demonstrate your outreach to people of color--discuss
Use the language of civil rights Underrepresented audiences Neglected audiences All reasonable efforts Protected groups Name the audiences you target –Latinos, African Americans, Hmong, low income, people living in poverty, youth with hearing disabilities, etc.
***Demonstrate that you have problem-solved together as a team Name some of the barriers to reaching neglected audience What have you done to overcome the barriers
***Have you been successful? Does your data show that you have been successful over time? What do your charts show about potential audience compared to actual participants? Compare current data from charts with data from previous years Refer to progress since the last review
***Start considering your action plans As you plan for your civil rights day, consider what will be on our action plans—one for your county office team and one for each program area
Questions and brainstorming Pose questions and ideas for discussion throughout the day
Your story should be about access rather than about content Your civil rights story should be about how you reach audiences protected by the Title VI Civil Rights Law of 1964.
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DOS-26 Rev A Virtual Local Network RFC 824 THE CRONUS VIRTUAL LOCAL NETWORK William I. MacGregor Daniel C. Tappan Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc. 25 August 1982 [The purpose of this note is to describe the CRONUS Virtual Local Network, especially the addressing related features. These features include a method for mapping between Internet Addresses and Local Network addresses. This is a topic of current concern in the ARPA Internet community. This note is intended to stimulate discussion. This is not a specification of an Internet Standard.] 1 Purpose and Scope This note defines the Cronus (1) Virtual Local Network (VLN), a facility which provides interhost message transport to the Cronus Distributed Operating System. The VLN consists of a 'client interface specification' and an 'implementation'; the client interface is expected to be available on every Cronus host. Client processes can send and receive datagrams using specific, broadcast, or multicast addressing as defined in the interface specification. _______________ (1) The Cronus Distributed Operating System is being designed by Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc., as a component of the Distributed Systems Technology Program sponsored by Rome Air Development Center. This work is supported by the DOS Design/Implementation contract, F30602-81-C-0132. 1 DOS-26 Rev A Virtual Local Network RFC 824 From the viewpoint of other Cronus system software and application programs, the VLN stands in place of a direct interface to the physical local network (PLN). This additional level of abstraction is defined to meet two major system objectives: * COMPATIBILITY. The VLN defines a communication facility which is compatible with the Internet Protocol (IP) developed by DARPA; by implication the VLN is compatible with higher-level protocols such as the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) based on IP. * SUBSTITUTABILITY. Cronus software built above the VLN is dependent only upon the VLN interface and not its implementation. It is possible to substitute one physical local network for another in the VLN implementation, provided that the VLN interface semantics are maintained. (This note assumes the reader is familiar with the concepts and terminology of the DARPA Internet Program; reference [6] is a compilation of the important protocol specifications and other documents. Documents in [6] of special significance here are [5] and [4].) The compatibility goal is motivated by factors relating to the Cronus design and its development environment. A large body of software has evolved, and continues to evolve, in the internet community fostered by DARPA. For example, the compatibility goal 2 DOS-26 Rev A Virtual Local Network RFC 824 permits the Cronus design to assimilate existing software components providing electronic mail, remote terminal access, and file transfer in a straightforward manner. In addition to the roles of such services in the Cronus system, they are needed as support for the design and development process. The prototype Cronus cluster, called the Advanced Development Model (ADM), will be connected to the ARPANET, and it is important that the ADM conform to the standards and conventions of the DARPA internet community. The substitutability goal reflects the belief that different instances of the Cronus cluster will utilize different physical local networks. Substitution may be desirable for reasons of cost, performance, or other properties of the physical local network such as mechanical and electrical ruggedness. The existence of the VLN interface definition suggests a procedure for physical local network substitution, namely, reimplementation of the VLN interface on each Cronus host. The implementations will be functionally equivalent but can be expected to differ along dimensions not specified by the VLN interface definition. Since different physical local networks 3 DOS-26 Rev A Virtual Local Network RFC 824 are often quite similar, the task of "re-implementing" the VLN is probably much less difficult than building the first implementation; small modifications to an existing, exemplary implementation may suffice. The concepts of the Cronus VLN, and in particular the VLN implementation based on Ethernet described in Section 4, have significance beyond their application in the Cronus system. Many organizations are now beginning to install local networks and immediately confront the compatibility issue. For a number of universities, for example, the compatibility problem is precisely the interoperability of the Ethernet and the DARPA internet. Although perhaps less immediate, the substitutability issue will also be faced by other organizations as local network technology advances, and the transfer of existing system and application software to a new physical local network base becomes an economic necessity. Figure 1 shows the position of the VLN in the lowest layers of the Cronus protocol hierarchy. The VLN interface specification given in the next section is actually a metaspecification, like the specifications of IP and TCP, in that the 4 DOS-26 Rev A Virtual Local Network RFC 824 programming details of the interface are host-dependent and unspecified. The precise representation of the VLN data structures and operations can be expected to vary from machine to machine, but the functional capabilities of the interface are the same regardless of the host... |. | |-----------------------------------| | Transmission | User | | | Control | Datagram |... | | Protocol | Protocol | | |-----------------------------------| | Internet Protocol | | (IP) | |-----------------------------------| | Virtual Local Network | | (VLN) | |-----------------------------------| | Physical Local Network | | (PLN, e.g. Ethernet) | ----------------------------------- Figure 1. Cronus Protocol Layering The VLN is completely compatible with the Internet Protocol as defined in [5], i.e., no changes or extensions to IP are 5 DOS-26 Rev A Virtual Local Network RFC 824 required to implement IP above the VLN. In fact, this was a requirement on the VLN design; a consequence was the timely completion of the VLN design and avoidance of the lengthy delays which often accompany attempts to change or extend a widelyaccepted standard. The following sections define the VLN client interface and illustrate how the VLN implementation might be organized for an Ethernet PLN. 2 The VLN-to-Client Interface The VLN layer provides a datagram transport service among hosts in a Cronus 'cluster', and between these hosts and other hosts in the DARPA internet. The hosts belonging to a cluster are directly attached to the same physical local network, but the VLN hides the peculiarities of the PLN from other Cronus software. Communication with hosts outside the cluster is achieved through some number of 'internet gateways', shown in Figure 2, connected to the cluster. The VLN layer is responsible 6 DOS-26 Rev A Virtual Local Network RFC 824 for routing datagrams to a gateway if they are addressed to hosts outside the cluster, and for delivering incoming datagrams to the appropriate VLN host. A VLN is viewed as a network in the internet, and thus has an internet network number. (2) _______________ (2) The PLN could possess its own network number, different from the network number of the VLN it implements, or the network numbers could be the same. Different numbers would complicate the gateways somewhat, but are consistent with the VLN and internet models. 7 DOS-26 Rev A Virtual Local Network RFC 824 to internet network X | | ----- ----- ----- ----- |host1| |gtwyA| |host2| |host3| ----- ----- ----- ----- | | | | -------------------------------------------------- | | | | ----- ----- ----- ----- |host4| |host5| |gtwyB| |host6| ----- ----- ----- ----- | | to internet network Y Figure 2. A Virtual Local Network Cluster The VLN interface will have one client process on each host, normally the host's IP implementation. The one "client process" may, in fact, be composed of several host processes; but the VLN layer will not distinguish among them, i.e., it performs no multiplexing/demultiplexing function. (3) _______________ (3) In the Cronus system, multiplexing/demultiplexing of the datagram stream will be performed above the IP level, primarily 8 DOS-26 Rev A Virtual Local Network RFC 824 The structure of messages which pass through the VLN interface between client processes and the VLN implementation is identical to the structure of internet datagrams constructed in accordance with the Internet Protocol. Any representation for internet datagrams is also a satisfactory representation for VLN datagrams, and in practice this representation will vary from host to host. The VLN definition merely asserts that there is ONE well-defined representation for internet datagrams, and thus VLN datagrams, on any host supporting the VLN interface. The argument name "Datagram" in the VLN operation definitions below refers to this well-defined but host-dependent datagram representation. The VLN guarantees that a datagram of 576 or fewer octets (i.e., the Total Length field of its internet header is less than or equal to 576) can be transferred between any two VLN clients. Larger datagrams may be transferred between some client pairs. Clients should generally avoid sending datagrams exceeding 576 octets unless there is clear need to do so, and the sender is certain that all hosts involved can process the outsize _______________ in conjunction with Cronus object management. 9 DOS-26 Rev A Virtual Local Network RFC 824 datagrams. The representation of an VLN datagram is unconstrained by the VLN specification, and the VLN implementor has many reasonable alternatives. Perhaps the simplest representation is a contiguous block of memory locations, either passed by reference or copied across the VLN-to-client interface. It may be beneficial to represent a datagram as a linked list instead, however, in order to


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Computer scientists at the University of Glasgow are helping to develop an internet search engine that uses sensors located in the physical world to provide answers to search queries.
By collating data from sensors such as cameras and microphones, and cross-referencing it with results from social networks such as Twitter, users will be able to receive detailed responses to questions such as 'What part of the city hosts live music events that my friends have been to recently?' and 'How busy is the city centre?'
The European-funded project, known as SMART (Search engine for MultimediA Environment geneRated content), will be built on an open-source search engine technology known as Terrier that the university has been developing since 2004.
Partners include Atos, Athens Information Technology, IBM's Haifa Research Lab, Imperial College London, City of Santander, PRISA Digital, Telesto and Consorzio S3 Log.
"SMART builds upon the existing concept of'smart cities', physical spaces which are covered in an array of intelligent sensors which communicate with each other and can be searched for information," said Dr Iadh Ounis, of the University of Glasgow's School of Computing Science.
"The search results sourced from these smart cities can be reused across multiple applications, making the system more effective."
The team from Glasgow University hopes the SMART project will be ready for testing in a real city by 2014.
The news comes as the UK government launches a competition to encourage local authorities to turn their cities into "smart cities" by integrating transport, communications and other city infrastructure, for the chance to win £24 million of government investment.
The Future Cities Demonstrator programme, run by the Technology Strategy Board (TSB), aims to kickstart the market for integrated city systems, which is estimated to be worth £200 billion a year by 2030.


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Child malnutrition rates in Bangladesh continue to remain among the highest in the world. This Asian enigma of persistent malnutrition despite growth in the overall economy is often attributed to the low status of women. It is against this backdrop of higher economic growth and stagnating malnutrition rates that this paper examines the role played by women's empowerment and endowments in relation to childhood malnutrition in Bangladesh.
We use data from the 2007 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey to examine the relationship between women's status and nutrition in Bangladesh using indicators of empowerment such as mobility, decisionmaking power, and attitudes toward verbal and physical abuse. We also examine the role of variables reflecting maternal education and height, in relation to child nutrition. All models control for age and sex of the child, household wealth, and region. Results from logit models indicate that both a greater degree of women's empowerment and greater maternal endowments are associated with better long-term nutritional status of children. Attitudes toward domestic violence have an effect on child stunting and mobility; participation in decisionmaking is an important influence on dietary diversity. Consistent with previous studies, maternal height and maternal schooling decrease the probability of stunting, and maternal schooling is positively associated with dietary diversity. While these are not immediate measures of empowerment, they are positively associated with child nutritional outcomes and reflect prior investments in women and girls. Our findings merit further research and attention to inform the design and implementation of interventions. Specific research needs that emerge from these analyses relate to types of individual and community interventions that can reduce prevalence of violence and empower women to achieve better health and well-being outcomes, and to policy actions, including legal reform and efforts to build community support for women's empowerment. Additional research needs relate to exploring ways in which investments to improve the nutritional and educational status of girls before they become mothers can be strengthened and sustained.


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In Question Number 1 to 4, Some Parts of the Sentence have Errors :
Directions: In question number 1 to 4, some parts of the sentence have errors and some are incorrect. Find out which part of a sentence has an error and blacken the circle [•] corresponding to the appropriate letter (A), (B), (C). If a sentence is free from error, blacken the circle corresponding (D) in the Answer Sheet.
- Electronic mail or E-mail (a)/ are a method of exchanging (b)/ digital messages (c)/ No error (d)
- You must abide on (a)/ the terms of (b)/ this government (c)/ No error (d)
- I will have (a)/ both the blue (b)/ or the black pen (c)/ No error (d)
- My wife having finish her work (a)/ rushed to meet me (b)/ at the event (c)/ No error (d)


The MediGO Solution
Built on a foundation of rigorous peer reviewed research, MediGO is a next-generation hardware and software platform designed to enhance organ transplantation through technology and communication.
Improving Efficiencies
There's no denying that organ transplantation is one of the greatest innovations of modern medicine. MediGO aims to advance the field even further through, innovative improvements in transporting lifesaving organs to safeguard donors and recipients, while avoiding waste of hospital time and resources.
MediGO provides all key stakeholders improved logistics and transparency around organ shipments so that they can focus on improving patient care.
MediGo: Keeping the community connected
MediGo Improving inefficiencies
Keeping the community
Peer reviewed data suggests that transplant stakeholders—including Organ Procurement Organizations (OPOs), couriers, surgeons, and support teams—need to know where organs are and when they will arrive in order to optimize outcomes. This enhancement improves trust and knowledge within the transplant supply chain, and provides both accountability and transparency in a complex system.
MediGO allows all stakeholders to track organs in real-time and communicate with each other on a centralized platform. As a result, patients receive organs of known quality, surgeons can plan better, and hospitals waste less time and money.
MediGo Improving inefficiencies
Collecting data for future innovation
By bringing together the entire transplant community, MediGO is generating actionable data that provides vital statistical information allowing the transplant community to make better and more informed decisions in the future.
The information collected, including temperature, vibration, and environmental factors, are collected with the goal of informing organ quality and eventually recipient outcomes. Further, MediGO's unique approach creates an opportunity for open-source collaboration through high value data.
MediGo: Collecting data for future innovation
Request a Demo
MediGO has the potential to advance the entire transplantation field, from donors and families to surgeons and Organ Procurement Organizations. With full support of the community, we will generate the data necessary to inform critical research and better position the community for the future.


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Hypopharyngeal cancers are usually seen in the middle-aged group and elderly, with the incidence rising above the age of 40. Men are more commonly affected than women with a 3:1 ratio. It accounts for 7% of all cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract.
The hypopharynx is the most inferior part of the pharynx that leads into the esophagus.
It consists of 3 parts:


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The Inflating Charm (Inflatus) is a charm used to increase the size of the target by inflating it; once inflated beyond the maximum capacity of its outer size, the targeted creature will explode into colourful party balloons.
Harry Potter, Ronald Weasley and Hermione Granger used this spell on various creatures around the grounds of Hogwarts Castle throughout the _PHONE_ school year, under the authorisation of their Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher, Professor Bartemius Crouch Jr. (who was disguised as Alastor Moody).
The prefix 'Inflate' derives from the English verb "to expand with oxygen".
- Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (video game) (First appearance)
- Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban
- Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (film)


virtual physiological human
Digital human face
"Virtual human" unlocks key mechanisms of high blood pressure
Scientists regularly use computer models to understand complex problems, from predicting the weather to designing boats and automobiles. Now they are also using this approach to better understand the human body — including the causes behind high blood pressure.


12.3 Handling Time Zones
Handling time zones can become very complex in a distributed environment. For example, you might have an event source in one time zone, the Collector Manager in another, the back-end Sentinel server in another, and the client viewing the data in yet another. When you add concerns such as daylight saving time and the many event sources that don't report what time zone they are set to (such as all syslog sources), there are many possible problems that need to be handled. Sentinel is flexible so that you can properly represent the time when events actually occur, and compare those events to other events from other sources in the same or different time zones.
In general, there are three different scenarios for how event sources report time stamps:
For the first scenario, you can always calculate the absolute UTC time that an event occurred (assuming that a time sync protocol is in use), so you can easily compare the timing of that event to any other event source in the world. However, you cannot automatically determine what the local time was when the event occurred. For this reason, Sentinel allows customers to manually set the time zone of an event source by editing the Event Source node in the Event Source Manager and specifying the appropriate time zone. This information does not affect the calculation of DeviceEventTime or EventTime, but is placed into the ObserverTZ field, and is used to calculate the various ObserverTZ fields, such as ObserverTZHour. These fields are always expressed in local time.
The second scenario is in many ways the simplest. If the long-form time zone IDs or offsets are used, you can easily convert to UTC to get the absolute canonical UTC time (stored in DeviceEventTime), but you can also easily calculate the local time ObserverTZ fields. If a short-form time zone ID is used, there is some potential for conflicts.
The third scenario can be the trickiest, because it requires the administrator to manually set the event source time zone for all affected sources so that Sentinel can properly calculate the UTC time. If the time zone is not properly specified by editing the Event Source node in the Event Source Manager, then the DeviceEventTime (and probably the EventTime) can be incorrect; also, the ObserverTZ and associated fields might be incorrect.
In general, the Collector for a given type of event source (such as Microsoft Windows) knows how an event source presents time stamps, and adjusts accordingly. It is always good policy to manually set the time zone for all Event Source nodes in the Event Source Manager, unless you know that the event source reports in local time and always includes the time zone in the time stamp
Processing the event source presentation of the time stamp happens in the Collector and on the Collector Manager. The DeviceEventTime and the EventTime are stored as UTC, and the ObserverTZ fields are stored as strings set to local time for the event source. This information is sent from the Collector Manager to the Sentinel server and stored in the event store. The time zone that the Collector Manager and the Sentinel server are in should not affect this process or the stored data. However, when a client views the event in a Web browser, the UTC EventTime is converted to the local time according to the Web browser, so all events are presented to clients in the local time zone. If the users want to see the local time of the source, they can examine the ObserverTZ fields for details.


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Our key objectives are to:
- contribute to Australia's future through managed migration
- protect refugees and contribute to humanitarian policy internationally
- contribute to Australia's security through border management and traveller facilitation
- make fair and reasonable decisions for people entering or leaving Australia, ensuring compliance with Australia's immigration laws and integrity in decision-making
- administer citizenship legislation and promote Australian citizenship.
Our obligations under the Privacy Act
Privacy Act 1988 (the Privacy Act). The Privacy Act sets out 13 Australian Privacy Principles (APPs) which regulate the collection, use, disclosure and storage of personal information and how individuals can access and correct personal information held about them. We are legally bound by the APPs.
The Privacy Act defines personal information as
information or an opinion about an identified individual, or an individual who is reasonably identifiable:
whether the information or opinion is true or not; and
whether the information or opinion is recorded in a material form or not.
Authority to collect, use and disclose information
We are authorised under our portfolio legislation and the Privacy Act to collect, use and disclose a range of personal information.
In understanding our authority to collect, use and disclose personal information under the Privacy Act, it is important to be aware that we are an enforcement body for the purposes of the Privacy Act.
As an enforcement body, we can collect, use and disclose personal information (including sensitive information) where it is reasonably necessary for, or directly related to, one or more enforcement related activities conducted by or on behalf of us.
Enforcement related activities include:
- detecting, preventing, investigating and prosecuting breaches of visa, immigration and citizenship law
- identifying and locating unlawful non-citizens and resolving their immigration status, including the removal of unlawful non-citizens from Australia
- preventing and reducing illegal migration, people smuggling and trafficking in persons
- identifying and assessing claims by non-citizens for protection in Australia, including managing the detention or release into the community of protection claimants
- assessing and enforcing compliance with visa and citizenship requirements
- identifying and assessing prior to arrival those entitled to lawfully enter Australia
- managing the entry and departure of people crossing the Australian border
- resolving the identity, health, national security and criminal history status of people applying to enter Australia
- collecting information to assess the identity, character and criminal history of applicants for Australian citizenship
- cooperation with other agencies, including information-sharing, for law enforcement and border security purposes, and the protection of public revenue.
Sensitive information is a type of personal information and means:
- information or an opinion about an individual's
- racial or ethnic origin
- political opinions
- membership of a political association
- religious beliefs or affiliations
- philosophical beliefs
- membership of a professional or trade association
- membership of a trade union
- sexual orientation or practices
- criminal record
- health information about an individual
- genetic information about an individual that is not otherwise health information
- biometric information that is to be used for the purpose of automated biometric verification or biometric identification
- biometric templates.
Outline of this policy
Part A -
Collection, use and disclosure of information explains our general information handling practices and covers how and for what purpose we collect, use and disclose personal information, including disclosures outside Australia. This part also outlines the kind of personal information that we collect.
Part B -
How we hold information explains how and for what purpose we hold the personal information that we collect.
Part C -
Access, correction and complaints explains how an individual can access and seek to correct their personal information. It also explains how an individual can complain about a breach of the Privacy Act, including the APPs, and how we will deal with such a complaint.
Part D -
Additional information contains links to additional information about our personal information management practices, procedures and systems.


Waist to Height Ratio Calculator
Our waist to height ratio calculator estimates your waist-height ratio, which is a simple, yet effective indicator of centralized obesity and associated cardiometabolic risk. Men and women should keep their waist circumference, no more than half their height.
Why is waist-height ratio important?
The waist to height ratio is a measure of the distribution of body fat. Higher values of waist-height ratio indicate a higher risk of obesity-related cardiovascular diseases since it is correlated with abdominal obesity. Studies have found that waist-height ratio is a good indicator of the risk of heart attack, stroke or death, yet it hasn't been proved to measure the risk of diabetes. Other indicators of abdominal obesity are body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio. Based on the waist to height ratio, you can allocate yourself to one of these groups:
 - Extremely slim - <0.34 both for men and women
 - Healthy - 0.43 to 0.52 for men and 0.42 to 0.48 for women
 - Overweight - 0.53 to 0.57 for men and 0.49 to 0.53 for women
 - Very overweight - 0.58 to 0.62 for men and 0.54 to 0.57 for women
 - Morbidly obese - >0.63 for men and >0.58 for women
How to measure your waist?
According to the WHO's data gathering protocol, the waist circumference should be measured at the midpoint between the last palpable rib and the top of the iliac crest, using a stretch‐resistant tape.
Practically, the measurements are usually taken at the smallest circumference of the natural waist, usually just above the belly button.
What does waist to height ratio calculator do?
The waist-height ratio is calculated as waist measurement divided by height measurement W ÷ H. For example, a person with a 28 in (71 cm) waist and 5 ft 7 in (170 cm) height has a waist–height ratio of 0.42.
The waist-height ratio indicator is equally valid for children and adults, irrespective of age, although the parameters for waist circumference, height and waist-height ratio could vary between races and ethnicities.
What is your body shape? 'APPLE' or 'PEAR'?
Apple shaped bodies are those with bigger waists and excess weight around the abdomen, whereas a pear shaped body is one that carries more weight around the hips with a narrower waist. 'Apples' have more fat in the waist region compared to 'pears'.
A pear shaped body is believed to reduce risk of diabetes, heart disease and other metabolic complications. On the other hand, an apple shaped person carries excess abdominal fat (close to the heart, liver and kidneys) and is therefore at far greater health risk.
Waist Circumference is considered a risk factor for heart disease, irrespective of height and build, in the following cases:
 - Men: Over 94 cm (approximately 37 inches)
 - Women: Over 80 cm (approximately 31.5 inches)
Some Interesting Facts
 - Waist-Height Ratio is a good early assessment tool for cardiometabolic risk.
 - India ranks No.1 worldwide in diabetes incidence. Thus, in India, the Waist-Height Ratio can act as a perfect indicator to assess heart health risks.
 - Experts claim that the waist height ratio is a much more accurate measurement of weight than the tried and tested Body Mass Index (BMI)
 - If you can keep your waist circumference to less than half of your height, you will reduce your risk of conditions associated with abdominal fat, such as stroke, heart disease and diabetes(High/low blood sugar).
 - For people under 40, a waist to height ratio of over 0.5 can be critical, while for people between 40 and 50 years of age, the critical value is between 0.5 and 0.6. For people over 50 the critical value begins at 0.6.
 - Your waist measurements are the most accurate just after you wake up from 7-8 hours of sleep.
Find out more calculators on Health and Fitness


How to Stop Obsessive Behavior in a Dog
by Laura Agadoni Google
 Let me out of here; it's driving me stir crazy.
 Let me out of here; it's driving me stir crazy.
 Fox Photos/Valueline/Getty Images
 Obsession refers to thoughts; compulsion, to actions. Together, they're a clinical illness. Whether dogs suffer from obsessive-compulsive disorder is unclear. But when your dog spins or chases his tail endlessly, paces or runs along a fence nonstop, fixates on a toy or grooms to the point of self-mutilation, he's displaying compulsive behavior that may be borne of obsessive thinking. At any rate, you can stop this bothersome behavior.
 Take Your Dog to the Vet
 If you observe your dog engaging in compulsive behavior that you cannot stop, take him to your veterinarian, who likely will order blood tests and a complete physical examination. Compulsive behavior sometimes runs in family lines. Your vet needs to determine whether the behavior is resulting from a disease or a physical cause. For example, excessive grooming could be caused by a disease that causes itchy skin rather than by a mental disorder such as obsessive-compulsive disorder, or OCD, if indeed animals can have it. If she rules out a medical disease, your vet might prescribe an anti-anxiety medication such as a serotonin enhancer.
 Try Behavior Modification
 The sooner you start behavior modification after noticing symptoms the better. Your vet might recommend an animal behavior specialist. You can find one through the Certification Council for Professional Dog Trainers. Modification techniques typically involve teaching your dog to relax and substituting a more desirable behavior for the compulsive one. You might instruct a circling dog to lie down, for example.
 Exercise Your Dog
 Many obsessive or compulsive dog behaviors are from pent-up energy. Dogs who spend too much time in crates might spin, for instance. Dogs left alone in a fenced-in yard all day might run the boundary for hours. Dogs that do this are anxious or frustrated, or have suppressed energy, according to Cesar Millan, the Dog Whisperer. Take your dog for a 30-minute walk, jog with him or play a long game of chase, fetch or tug-of-war daily.
 Monitor Your Dog
 Once you know that your dog tends to go into an obsessive or compulsive state, watch for signs of it recurring. If your dog is an excessive groomer, for example, stop him as soon as he starts the behavior by distracting him. Give him something else to do, such as enjoy a puzzle toy that you stuff with food such as peanut butter or kibble. Or give him commands to distract him, such as "down," "stay," "shake" or any other commands he knows.
 Photo Credits
 - Fox Photos/Valueline/Getty Images
 About the Author
 Trending Dog Behavior Articles
 Have a question? Get an answer from a Vet now!


text:
There's a hole in the middle of Prague, and we want you to know what's in it. The early 1980s metro station at Národní třída is the scene of a fascinating archaeological dig that we'll be visiting in this month's Science Journal.
The Národní třída metro station that most of us know was a metaphorical hole even before the dig – a line of fast food kiosks between two chrome and plastic socialist structures that was a favourite stomping ground for beggars and winos. Plans to develop the plaza for office and shopping space has peeled back the grimy surface of this historic part of Prague to reveal century after century of history in strata that can be read like a book back to the 1100s. Here to do that for me is Polish archaeologist Tomasz Cymbalak, who is heading the dig.
"What we see in front of us are the remains of the townhouses that used to be here. There are five of them here, and the way they looked changed from small houses of townspeople to larger buildings that were built further back from the street. Through time, the structure gets more dense, they added wells and waste pits, and those are the places where we make the most finds. And aside from those coins, pottery fragments, bones and so on, we have taken various samples for archeo-botanic analyses, so we will be able to reconstruct the early Praguers' diet, the illnesses they suffered from, and so on."
So from where we're stranding now – about four or five metres above the bottom of the dig – we can see a very compact kind of maze of stone walls from which you can kind of see what a busy place this city was even that long ago...
"Yes, it shows the very lively development of this part of the city. The place where we are standing is actually the border between Old Town and New Town. Right next to the place we are studying was an ancient road that led from Prague Castle through Old Town to Vyšehrad, and one of the gates to the city through the fortification was a few dozen metres from here. So this was a gathering point for traders and other service tradesmen. In the later periods, like in the 17th and 18th century, then of course the social structure of the inhabitants changed and Renaissance buildings are built, followed by Baroque and Neoclassical and so on."
Archaeologists did of course know there would be findings here – aside from the evidence from the sonar scans that preceded the dig, you will always find layers of pottery, bones and other relics wherever you dig down into city centre Prague. But they were nonetheless greatly surprised by the excellent way everything under Národní Třída had been preserved, even despite the encroachment of the metro in the 1980s, and the dates that the evidence went back to. While they expected 14th century remnants from the establishment of New Town by Charles IV, they found even the predecessors of those structures – not the wooden and mud buildings themselves per say, but the outlines of them left like photonegatives left in the ground. Another surprise was a burial site lying just under what is now Tesco.
"What you see here is part of a burial site where the individual bodies have been laid in ordered rows like on a chessboard. We have already dug out the graves here. The bodies were laying with their heads to the west, feet to the east, with their arms by their sides, and the state they were in was surprising, because they were wonderfully preserved. So all in all we uncovered six graves that I would tentatively date to the turn of the 13th century."
"We know that among them there were about three women – the anthropological survey is still underway. The bones show that the deceased worked in a hunched over position, they did hard work that left its mark on their skeletons. We are also going to do a DNA analysis as well and from that we should have some approximate idea as to their ethnicity or where they were from."
Can you describe what it might have looked like right here at Národní Třída at the time that these graves were dug, in the 12th to 13th centuries?
"The structures were primarily wooden, with a couple stone buildings and were compacted together. The road network was much smaller than it is today, there were less streets, but the road that we are on just now existed even in the early Middle Ages, and that's Spalená Street. The water situation was different, there must have been several creeks here, and we know that the terrain was much more rolling, with small hills and sunken farm paths. There was of course much more greenery – bushes and trees. There were groups of houses – like countryside cottages – one next to the other, making small units. What was in this area was a small settlement that provided material support for the Old Town."
Under what is going to be a very modern multifunctional building at this site you can follow the complex meshing of one era into another. As the farmers ran out of space for storing their products and feeding their animals, the space became used more and more by merchants and craftsmen, until even more people begin moving to the city in the 19th century and there is more residential rather than economic area. In the 20th century the lot changes altogether, filling up with restaurants, offices, administrative spaces and so on, showing the various needs of each century until it is cemented over for the construction of the Soviet-style metro station. The metro in fact runs just metres away from ancient cellars still being explored and learned from beneath Spalená Street.
"Four or five."
Four or five metres, and it's very cool now, and it's very beautiful.
"This is the oldest of the cellars that we have here, so it's from the mid 1300s. The layout of this cellar is beautifully legible and it's a wonderful teaching aid for students and art historians. You can follow the development of building methods and urban transformation on the structure here. The walls show right here that the original floor was almost two metres higher, and the ceiling was not vaulted but flat. As they ran out of space they made these other cellars under the street; this one is twice as large, and they stop changing things for the most part at the beginning of the 16th century. And next door there are another two cellars, each about three times larger than this one...
"What we see here is a wartime passage hole. During WWII, when they found there were too few air raid shelters, the protectorate government ordered that the gothic cellars be used, because they were of such massive design, and they made these passageways between them so that if one began to collapse people could run to another. It's wonderful, you have a real example here of how people lived and how things worked."
Coming back up to the busy streets above is something of a shock, and it is a beautiful reminder of everything the modern world is literally based on and derives from. As one shopping centre and multifunctional building springs up in Prague after another, I'm concerned about whether these ruins will go the way of so many others, being documented only to be preserved in archives while progress ploughs over the real thing forever. The answer is happily no.
"It looks like most of the 11 cellars on this site will remain and will be written on to the list of cultural monuments. The intention for the future is that it be made accessible to the public in what could be a protected archaeological zone. Maybe in the end it will be preserved partly for archaeological and teaching purposes, or there could be a kind of gallery where the original structures that are in very good condition can remain and will not be damaged."
That was archaeologist Tomasz Cymbalak ending that edition of Science Journal. Thanks for joining us today and I hope you'll tune in again next month.
The episode featured today was first broadcast on August 29, 2010.


1,0) part \varphi which is L_2 and closed. But we cannot assume it is exact if H^1(M) is nontrivial. If we only have one \alpha, then we are more or less stuck. But if we have at least two such forms, then the following remarkable Lemma (due originally to Gromov) applies:
Lemma (cup product): Let M be a complete Kähler manifold with bounded geometry, and let \alpha_1,\alpha_2 be real, harmonic exact L_2 1-forms. Let \varphi_i be their (1,0)-components. Then \varphi_1\wedge\varphi_2=0 pointwise.
Proof: The first remark to make is that on a complete Kähler manifold with bounded geometry, any harmonic L_2 form is actually bounded. Equivalently, since harmonic forms are smooth, there is no sequence of points p_i going off to infinity such that the operator norms |\alpha|_{p_i} diverge. Since the manifold has bounded geometry, we can integrate the square of \alpha on disjoint balls of definite radius centered at such points, and the claim will therefore follow if we show the integral of the square of a harmonic form on a ball of definite radius is controlled by below by its value at the center. Assume we are in flat space; then this claim is obviously true for a linear form. But a harmonic form satisfies an elliptic 2nd order equation, which shows that the higher derivatives can be controlled in terms of the first derivative; the claim follows.
Now let \alpha be an exact L_2 harmonic form, and write \alpha = df. Suppose \psi is a closed L_2 form. Then \alpha \wedge \psi is in L_2 because \alpha is bounded (as above). If we define f_t to be equal to f where |f|


text:
Website Ministry of the Attorney General
The court reporter provides court reporting services by recording and annotating court proceedings, using a recording method prescribed by the Ministry; ensuring a reliable, accurate and complete certified recording; performing pre, post and in-court work associated with the operation of the courts; and providing support to the overall administration of the court.
- speak publicly during court proceedings to seek clarification and to ensure audio is being recorded clearly
- ensure the effective operation of ministry approved court-recording devices
- ensure quality of audio recording to ascertain and verify all contents of recordings
- prepare and maintain courtroom for proceedings (example: posting dockets, providing court dates, opening and closing court, administering oaths)
- process documentation filed in court (example: Factums, copies of exhibits)
- respond to inquiries and provide instruction to clients via telephone, in person or via correspondence (example: email) relating to the recording of proceedings
- ensure the security of the court recordings, safeguarding against unauthorized access or copying
- make annotations to the court record in accordance with Ministry Annotation Standards for Digital Recordings
- You have the ability to acquire knowledge of legal terminology.
- You have accurate keyboarding skills to annotate court proceedings.
- You are proficient with word processing and email software (example: MS Word, Outlook) to prepare correspondence and court papers as well as input and access information.
- You can provide professional, responsive and accessible customer and client service.
- You have the ability to organize and prioritize your workload and to respond to unforeseen demands.
- You can maintain confidentiality and security for all recordings.
- You have listening and comprehension skills to ensure an accurate and complete recording of proceedings.
- You have demonstrated problem-solving skills in order to work independently to identify, address, resolve or refer clients' problems and concerns.
- You can prepare a variety of written documents (example: routine correspondence to clients, forms and orders).
- You have a driver's license to travel to court locations as required
Company: Ministry of the Attorney General
Vacancy Type: Temporary
Job Location: Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
Application Deadline: N/A


text:
SENER has carried out, in a 50% consortium with IDOM, the design, the project management [+]
Primary Health Care Center and High Resolution Center of Specialties in Córdoba
- Client: Andalusian Regional Goverment
- Country: Spain
- Start date: 2006
- Ending date: 2010
The aim of this Project is the construction of a Primary Health Care Center and a High Resolution Center of Specialties located at the west of Córdoba.
The building is given sustainable design criteria and from the outset, a whole series of bioclimatic elements are integrated that seek maximum use of renewable energies and solar conditions.
This center is proposed as a solution to the population increase of the west of Córdoba, an area in expansion and its purpose is to enhance the development of a Primary Health care, Urgent health care and the single act consultation.
Accordingly to this approach, the main focus of the program for the Center is set on the following areas:
- Emergency Areas
- External Consultation Area
- Diagnostic Area
- Clinical support Area
- Parking for 600 vehicles
The building is oriented mainly towards the street Island of Lanzarote where, starting from a unitary building, the different areas of attention are differentiated, rationalizing so, the horizontal and vertical circulation.
The volumetric composition of the proposal is essentially horizontal. It's been structured by the means of four combs of assistance, three floors high each, which are embraced longitudinally by two opposite aisles, one for the public use and the other one for the staff.
- Conceptual Design
- Geotechnical Report
- Preliminary Design of Architecture, Structures, Electrical, Mecanichal and Data facilities
- Detailed Design of Architecture, Structures, Electrical, Mecanichal and Data facilities
- Urbanization and Access project
- Project and Supervision Site Management
- Waste management study
- Quality Control Plan
- Register Document Control
- Cost and deadline Control
- Teams coordination
- Health and safety coordination
Other programsSee all
EPCM of the Maritime Terminal of Costa Crociere in the Attached Quay of the Port of Barcelona, [+]


Open Source
Locate files with the find tool
The find tool is another Linux gem that allows you to search for files based on a number of criteria including name, file size, modification date, etc. Using find will help you locate files that would otherwise take time to locate manually.
In its most basic form, find can print every file on the system:
$ find /
This would print out a list of every file. To search for a particular file name, use:
$ find / -name passwd
To search for files named passwd that have mode 0700 permissions:
$ find / -name passwd -perm 0700
If you wanted to find all files that were setuid root, you would use:
$ find /usr -perm 4755 -user root
If you wanted to clean all files from /tmp, but leave directories intact, you could use:
# find /tmp -type f -exec rm -f {} \;
This command looks for files of type f (regular file) and executes the command rm -f on each file (noted by {}). The command passed to -exec must be terminated with backslash, semicolon (\;). If, however, you wanted to find and delete only your files:
$ find /tmp -type f -user 'whoami' -exec rm -f {} \;
This will only delete files belonging to the user executing the command.
If you want to search in the current directory and below, use a period (.) for the path. If you want to look for a file that was created after another file, use:
$ find. -cnewer somefile.txt
This will find and print out a list of all files created after somefile.txt.
Finally, if you want to search the current directory and below for any files changed in the last 30 days but that do not contain the string.svn and list the files:
$ find. -type f -ctime -30 -not -regex '.*svn.*' -exec ls {} -al \;
Here, a number of things are specified: any files that are of type f, that have a creation time of 30 days or less, but do not match the regular expression.*svn.* are then fed to ls as ls [file_match] -al. This also illustrates that the match characters ({}) do not have to be at the end of the command. Or, you could use the -print option instead of calling ls:
$ find. -type f -ctime -40 -not -regex '.*svn.*' -print
The find command is very powerful and there are a number of options and tests that can be performed to find certain types of files that match any number of specified criteria.
Editor's Picks


text:
Survey on FPGA-Based Pipelined Architecture for RC5 Encryption
In current scenario, electronic devices handling confidential information. In these devices encryption algorithm proposed have been satisfy to protect the confidential information and known for their cryptographic applications. The extensively use of reconfigurable processor like FPGA for cryptographic application which have reduced the time to market of hardware logic. In this survey presented that the FPGA-based hardware architecture is best approach for high performance of circuit, it reduces the response time and resources. This hardware architecture work on Verilog as well as VHDL language.
Provided by: International Journal of Computer Applications Topic: Security Date Added: Jan 2013 Format: PDF


text:
It's a question that science is now tackling and providing some answers for.
An estimated 80 percent of scam victims are over the age of 65, the Federal Trade Commission says. Previous research has indicated these victims tended to be male, divorced/separated, and college-educated, between ages of 60 and 70.
Now a new study may help explain why people become more vulnerable to scams. In Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (see abstract) University of California, Los Angeles neuroscientist Shelley Taylor showed photos of faces considered trustworthy, neutral, or untrustworthy to a group of 119 adults, ages 55 to 84, and 24 adults, ages 20 to 42.
So what constitutes untrustworthiness? Examples include lack of eye contact, an insincere smile, and a backward tilting head.
The study found that the "untrustworthy" faces were ranked significantly more trustworthy by the older test subjects than by younger ones. The reason, the researchers say, is that the anterior insula (an area within the cerebral cortex) is significantly less active in older people. It's believed this area of the brain is activated by the presence of an untrustworthy person.
Generally, as people age, they tend to do a better job of not overreacting, and of keeping their emotions in check than younger people. They have more perspective and often see things in a positive light.
That's good for mental well being, but evidently bad when trying to spot a scam.