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Honduras: the challenges of identifying the victims of the Comayagua prison fire
In the wake of the fire that broke out at Comayagua prison in Honduras on 14 February, in which more than 360 people died, the ICRC has been supporting the national authorities' efforts to identify the victims using forensics and to offer psychological support to their families. In this interview, Alejandra Jiménez, the ICRC's forensic adviser in Mexico, describes the challenges and achievements of her assignment in Honduras.
What is the humanitarian situation one month on from the Comayagua fire?
Because there were so many victims, many of whose remains are unrecognizable, the identification process is very complicated and lengthy. For the families waiting for the bodies of their loved ones to be released so they can honour them and say their goodbyes, the wait is extremely distressing. The main humanitarian consequence today is the psychological impact on relatives who are having to wait to begin the mourning process.
What kind of support has the ICRC provided?
In the immediate aftermath, the ICRC donated essential items to deal with the remains of those killed in the fire, including body bags, surgical instruments, cameras and FTA paper for genetic identification. However, the ICRC focused mainly on providing technical advice to the Honduran government.
Two ICRC psychologists provided psychosocial support for relatives and for those responding to the disaster. Three forensic experts offered their assistance and made recommendations about what practices to adopt at the different stages of the response, from recovering the bodies to handing over and disposing of the remains. The ICRC was not directly involved in dealing with the remains, but it did offer guidance to the authorities on processing information about the victims, preserving the bodies and putting in place procedures in the forensic units.
As in many post-disaster situations, what was lacking was a suitable information-management system. The ICRC therefore donated a database that it has developed to organize, manage and consult all the information collected during the identification process. It also provided training in the use of this database.
How was psychological support organized and what was the ICRC's role?
The main challenge in these situations is communicating clearly and transparently with the families of the victims. If the authorities remain silent and fail to communicate with the families, this creates a psychological barrier, as though they are being cut off from their loved ones and the whole process.
This feeling of being kept in the dark is extremely distressing. In the case of Honduras, the families were afraid that their loved ones would be buried in a mass grave or that, without international help, the bodies would not be returned to them.
The ICRC advised both the government and forensic experts on establishing clear channels of communication with the families to explain what they could expect from the process, how long it might take, its limitations, and the complexities of identifying remains. The ICRC also stressed the importance of explaining forensic methods to the press, to make them aware of the tireless, rigorous work being carried out and to explain how information was being processed, thereby reassuring the families.
What are the main challenges today?
We have to adopt a shortand long-term approach. We need to maintain our support for, and dialogue with, the families whose loved ones have still not been identified. It is vital that all the information collected during the identification of the remains be entered into the database provided by the ICRC. A full analysis of this data then needs to be made.
The ICRC needs to rise to the expectations surrounding its role in Honduras, which will in turn pave the way for its involvement in addressing the country's humanitarian problems. The government has asked the ICRC to assess its current forensic capabilities and its forensic services nationwide in order to make practical recommendations.
Violence is rife in Honduras. Many bodies are still awaiting identification and, as a result, many families are anxious for news. In these circumstances, the ICRC is keen to cooperate with the authorities and to drive forward forensic development with a view to providing humanitarian assistance.


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for offloading various functionality to switches. However, the limited memory capacity on switches has been a major challenge that such applications struggle to deal with. In this paper, we envision that by enabling network switches to access remote memory purely from data planes, the performance of a wide range of applications can be improved. We design three remote memory primitives, leveraging RDMA operations, and show the feasibility of accessing remote memory from switches using our prototype implementation.
- Comm. LetterREboost: Improving Throughput in Wireless Networks using Redundancy EliminationKilho Lee, Daehyeok Kim, and Insik ShinIEEE Communications Letters, 2017.
Traffic redundancy elimination (RE) is an attractive approach to improve the throughput in bandwidth-limited networks. While previous studies show that the RE is useful for improving the throughput in such networks, we observed that the RE would not be an effective solution in wireless networks. We found the TCP congestion control cannot take advantage of the RE, without knowing how the underlying RE system manipulates each TCP packet. In this letter, we present a novel technique called REboost to enable the TCP layer to be aware of the underlying RE system and improve the throughput. Our evaluation with a prototype shows that REboost significantly improves the throughput compared with the previous RE systems.
- NDSSWhat Mobile Ads Know About Mobile UsersSooel Son, Daehyeok Kim, and Vitaly ShmatikovIn Proceedings of 23rd Network and Distributed System Security Symposium, 2016.
We analyze the software stack of popular mobile advertising libraries on Android and investigate how they protect the users of advertising-supported apps from malicious advertising. We find that, by and large, Android advertising libraries properly separate the privileges of the ads from the host app by confining ads to dedicated browser instances that correctly apply the same origin policy. We then demonstrate how malicious ads can infer sensitive information about users by accessing external storage, which is essential for media-rich ads in order to cache video and images. Even though the same origin policy prevents confined ads from reading other apps' external-storage files, it does not prevent them from learning that a file with a particular name exists. We show how, depending on the app, the mere existence of a file can reveal sensitive information about the user. For example, if the user has a pharmacy price-comparison app installed on the device, the presence of external-storage files with certain names reveals which drugs the user has looked for. We conclude with our recommendations for redesigning mobile advertising software to better protect users from malicious advertising.
- NDSSFlexDroid: Enforcing In-App Privilege Separation in AndroidJaebaek Seo, Daehyeok Kim, Donghyun Cho, Taesoo Kim, and Insik ShinIn Proceedings of 23rd Network and Distributed System Security Symposium, 2016.
Mobile applications are increasingly integrating third-party libraries to provide various features, such as advertising, analytics, social networking, and more. Unfortunately, such integration with third-party libraries comes with the cost of potential privacy violations of users, because Android always grants a full set of permissions to third-party libraries as their host applications. Unintended accesses to users' private data are underestimated threats to users' privacy, as complex and often obfuscated third-party libraries make it hard for application developers to estimate the correct behaviors of third-party libraries. More critically, a wide adoption of native code (JNI) and dynamic code executions such as Java reflection or dynamic code reloading, makes it even harder to apply state-of-the-art security analysis. In this work, we propose FLEXDROID, a new Android security model and isolation mechanism, that provides dynamic, fine-grained access control for third-party libraries. With FLEXDROID, application developers not only can gain a full control of third-party libraries (e.g., which permissions to grant or not), but also can specify how to make them behave after detecting a privacy violation (e.g., providing a mock user's information or kill). To achieve such goals, we define a new notion of principals for third-party libraries, and develop a novel security mechanism, called inter-process stack inspection that is effective to JNI as well as dynamic code execution. Our usability study shows that developers can easily adopt FLEXDROID's policy to their existing applications. Finally, our evaluation shows that FLEXDROID can effectively restrict the permissions of third-party libraries with negligible overheads.
- RTSSSounDroid: Supporting Real-Time Sound Application on Commodity Mobile DevicesHyosu Kim, SangJeong Lee, Wookhyun Han, Daehyeok Kim, and Insik ShinIn Proceedings of 36th IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium, 2015.
A variety of advantages from sounds such as measurement and accessibility introduces a new opportunity for mobile applications to offer broad types of interesting, valuable functionalities, supporting a richer user experience. However, in spite of the growing interests on mobile sound applications, few or no works have been done in focusing on managing an audio device effectively. More specifically, their low level of real-time capability for audio resources makes it challenging to satisfy tight timing requirements of mobile sound applications, e.g., a high sensing rate of acoustic sensing applications. To address this problem, this work presents the SounDroid framework, an audio device management framework for real-time audio requests from mobile sound applications. The design of SounDroid is based on the requirement analysis of audio requests as well as an understanding of the audio playback procedure including the audio request scheduling and dispatching on Android. It then incorporates both real-time audio request scheduling algorithms, called EDF-V and AFDS, and dispatching optimization techniques into mobile platforms, and thus improves the quality-of-service of mobile sound applications. Our experimental results with the prototype implementation of SounDroid demonstrate that it is able to enhance scheduling performance for audio requests, compared to traditional mechanisms (by up to 40% of improvement), while allowing deterministic dispatching latency.
- INFOCOMOptimized Layered Integrated Video EncodingSangki Yun, Daehyeok Kim, Xiaofan Lu, and Lili QiuIn Proceedings of 34th IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications, 2015.
Wireless video traffic has grown at an unprecedented rate and put significant burden on wireless networks. Multicast can significantly reduce traffic by sending a single video to multiple receivers simultaneously. On the other hand, wireless receivers are heterogeneous due to both channel and antenna heterogeneity, the latter of which is rapidly increasing with the emergence of 802.11n and 802.11ac. In this paper, we develop optimized layered integrated video encoding (LIVE) to guarantee reasonable performance to weaker receivers (with worse channel and/or fewer antennas) and allow stronger receivers to enjoy better quality. Our approach has three distinct features: (i) It uses a novel layered coding to naturally accommodate the heterogeneity of different video receivers; (ii) It uses an optimization framework to optimize the amount of time used for transmission and the amount of information to transmit at each layer under the current channel condition; and (iii) It uses an integrated modulation, where most video data are transmitted using soft modulation to enjoy efficiency and resilience while the most important video data are transmitted using a combination of soft modulation and conventional hard modulation to further enhance their reliability. To our knowledge, this is the first approach that handles MIMO antenna heterogeneity in wireless video multicast. We demonstrate its effectiveness through extensive Matlab simulation and USRP testbed experiments.
- CCSATRA: Address Translation Redirection Attack against Hardware-based External MonitorsDaehee Jang, Hojoon Lee, Minsu Kim, Daehyeok Kim, Daegyeong Kim, and Brent B. KangIn Proceedings of 21st ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security, 2014.
Hardware-based external monitors have been proposed as a trustworthy method for protecting the kernel integrity. We introduce the design and implementation of Address Translation Redirection Attack (ATRA) that enables complete evasion of the hardware-based external monitor that anchors its trust on a separate processor. ATRA circumvents the external monitor by redirecting the memory access to critical kernel objects into a non-monitored region. Despite the seriousness of the ATRA issue, the address translation integrity has been assumed in many hardware-based external monitors and the possibility of its exploitation has been suggested yet many considered hypothetical. We explore the intricate details of ATRA, explain major challenges in realizing ATRA in practice, and address them with two types of ATRA called Memory-bound ATRA and Register-bound ATRA. Our evaluations with benchmarks show that ATRA does not introduce a noticeable performance degradation to the host system, proving practical applicability of the attack to alert the researchers to seriously address ATRA in designing future external monitors.
- MobiComFine-grained Spectrum Adaptation in WiFi NetworksSangki Yun, Daehyeok Kim, and Lili QiuIn Proceedings of 20th ACM International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, 2013.
Explosive growth of WiFi traffic calls for new technologies to dramatically improve spectrum efficiency. In this paper, we propose an approach to adapt the spectrum on a per-frame basis. It consists of three major components: (i) a fine-grained spectrum access design that allows a sender and receiver to change their transmission and reception spectrum on demand, (ii) fast and accurate spectrum detection that allows a receiver to determine which spectrum is used by its sender on a per-frame basis by exploiting the IEEE 802.11 preamble structure, and (iii) an efficient spectrum allocation algorithm that determines which spectrum to use for each transmission by taking into account frequency diversity and interference. It can further be adapted to perform a joint assignment of spectrum, schedule, and access point (AP) for each frame. Using a SORA implementation and trace-driven simulation, we demonstrate the feasibility of per-frame spectrum adaptation and its significant benefit

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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"masculinity" French translation
These constructions of masculinity are present even within the family relationship.
'Hegemonic masculinity' is a concept that draws upon the ideas of Gramsci.
ILO had examined the influence of men and masculinity on employment issues.
Moreover, masculinity is measured socially by the number of children a man fathers.
They are also thought to be immalleable in their conceptions of gender and masculinity.
Synonyms (English) for "masculinity":
Usage examples for "masculinity" in French
marvelous · Marxism · Mary · Maryland · Marylander · Marylanders · marzipan · mascara · mascot · masculine · masculinity · mash · mash-up · mashed · mashup · mask · maslovite · masochism · masochist · masochistic · Mason
More translations in the English-Indonesian dictionary.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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We characterize the basal mass balance of the Ekstr ¨om Ice Shelf, Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, using interferometrically derived surface velocities and ice thickness measurements from radio-echo sounding (RES). The surface velocities are based on data from European Remote-sensing Satellites-1 and -2 (ERS-1/2) during 1994–97. The ice thickness grid consists of 136 RES profiles acquired between 1996 and 2006. Mass fluxes are calculated along selected RES profiles where possible, to reduce uncertainties from ice thickness interpolation. Elsewhere large-scale mass fluxes are calculated using interpolated ice thickness data. Themass flux into the Ekstr ¨om Ice Shelf from themain grounded drainage basins is estimated to be 3.19±0.4Gt a−1. The mass flux near the ice shelf front is 2.67±0.3Gt a−1. Assuming steady state, and based on the equation of continuity, we interpret the residual mass flux as a combined effect of snow accumulation and subglacial melting/refreezing. Using net snow accumulation rates from previous studies, we link the mass flux divergence in irregular-shaped polygons to processes beneath the ice shelf. The highest subglacial melt rates of ∼1.1ma−1 are found near the grounding zone of two main inflow glaciers, and around the German station Neumayer III. The detection of unlikely refreezing in a small area ∼15 km west of Neumayer III is attributed to both dataset inaccuracies and a (possibly past) violation of the steady-state assumption. In general, the method and input data allow mapping of the spatial distribution of basal melting and the results are in good agreement with several previous studies.
AWI Organizations > Geosciences > Junior Research Group: LIMPICS


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Choosing a Verb Tense When Summarizing Speech
When you are telling a story, you may what to summarize someone else's speech. Although you can use just about any verb tense to do so, in English different tenses create a different experience for your readers and listeners. Here is an example that uses past tense:
Flipping his hair over each of his three shoulders, the alien told us about the explosion on his planet. The gas of three rocket tanks caught fire and destroyed the spaceport terminal, he said. He went on to explain that almost everyone on the planet was affected, including the volleyball team, which sustained significant losses. All their courts, he said, were covered with rubble, and they forfeited the intergalactic tournament.
The alien's story is summarized speech. He is not being quoted directly. If he were, the writer would have inserted some of his exact words:
Oh, the humanity! he cried.
In the previous summarized speech, the verbs are all in past tense. Although rare, it's possible to summarize speech in present tense also. Present tense adds an extra dose of drama:
Flipping his hair over each of his three shoulders, the alien tells us about the explosion on his planet. The gas of three rocket tanks catches fire and destroys the spaceport terminal, he says. He goes on to explain that almost everyone on the planet is affected, including the volleyball team, which sustains significant losses. All their courts, he says, are covered with rubble, and they forfeit the intergalactic tournament.
When reporting information, either present or past tense is acceptable. However, mixing tenses is not acceptable.
Wrong: Shakey said that he had tossed the salad out the window. It hits a pedestrian, who sues for lettuce-related damages. (The first two verbs are in past tense, and the next two are in present tense.)
Right: Shakey said that he had tossed the salad out the window. It hit a pedestrian, who sued for lettuce-related damages. (All verbs are in a form of the past tense.)
One special note: When you're not reporting what someone says, you can make a general statement about something that always happens (someone's custom or habit) using present tense. You can easily combine such a statement with a story that focuses on one particular incident in the past tense. Therefore, the preceding story may begin in present tense and move to past tense in this way:
Lola excavates at the town dump every Tuesday afternoon before she attends choir practice. She often finds arrowheads, broken pottery, discarded automobile tires, and other items of interest.
Up to here in the story, all the verbs are in present tense because the story tells of Lola's habits. The story isn't reporting what someone said. In the next sentence, the story switches to past tense because it examines one particular day in the past.
One day she discovered a metal coil about two feet long. On one end of the coil was a piece of gum. As she thoughtfully removed the gum and started to chew, a whistle blew. Roger sprinted into the dump at top speed. Get your hands off my gum, he exclaimed. Roger smiled. His anti-gum-theft alarm had worked perfectly.
When you're revising a paragraph on the writing section of the SAT I or the English portion of the ACT, keep your eye out for verb-tense errors.


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In Focus: Aging and Housing Instability (2013) | This issue of In Focus provides a synthesis of recent literature on homelessness among older (age 50-64) and elderly (age 65 and older) adults in the United States. Much of the recent literature and policy focus has been placed on the plight of unstably housed youth and families. However, strong demographic trends, economic insecurity, and lack of affordable senior living have contributed to increased housing instability among those over age 50. Differences in pathways into homelessness, health care utilization, and age-specific clinical issues necessitate further consideration of the graying homeless population and will be discussed in this publication.
Homeless Over 50: The Graying of Chicago's Homeless Population (2008) | In 2006,the Chicago Alliance to End Homelessness teamed with Loyola University's Center for Urban Research and Learning to undertake a nine-month study of people in Chicago who were homeless and aged 50 to 64. Funded by the Retirement Research Foundation, the study was undertaken in response to reports from homeless service agencies that this cohort of people was growing. Agencies had reported a fast-growing number of people aged 50 – 64 using homeless services, and that they seemed to both share issues with the rest of the homeless population and face circumstances unique to their age and stage of life. The study's objectives were to:
- obtain a demographic profile of people who are homeless in Chicago and are between the ages of 50 and 64;
- understand how the various systems designed to serve this population do and do not meet their needs; and
- begin to suggest a range of policy and programmatic responses to the needs of this population.
Homeless & Elderly: Understanding the Special Health Care Needs of Elderly Persons Who Are Homeless (2003) | This paper was developed by the Office of Minority & Special Populations in the Bureau of Primary Health Care in an effort to describe the unique challenges that homeless elderly people face in accessing primary health care. Program Assistance Letter 2003-03.
Healing Hands Newsletters
- Aging on the Streets (2008)


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The purpose of this URL is to check the username and password and registers a new OpenID as belonging to a particular user.
Parameters your URL should accept
Submission method: POST
* openid_urlthe OpenID to be authenticated
* user_idthe primary key (i.e. username / email ) for the user
* passwordthe password for the user
* clickpass_merge_callback_url- a URL at the OpenID provider (i.e. Clickpass) to process the outcome of the process
Is it this sentence that is meant to cover the case?
You may also provide information to Clickpass through third party websites which you log into using the Clickpass Service. Such information shall be stored by Clickpass and handled by Clickpass in accordance with this policy.
Sounds like it's in the right ballpark but why not specifically say 'you may provide us your user names & passwords and we wont use them ever again'? The 'log into using the Clickpass service' could easily be (mis)interpreted as referring to OpenID SSO rather than to the merge process.
They do acknowledge the future relevance of OAuth.
Separately, am I alone in seeing the irony of OpenID deployers, in order to address the perceived 'User Provides URI' barrier, exploring mechanisms that
a) hide the whole complexity of identifiers from the user
b) rely on shared infrastructure to facilitate IDP discovery


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Prostitution has existed in Bahrain for many years and the British Agency Annual Reports include data on this topic. There was an increase in prostitution reported between 1926 and 1937 in the British reports. A number of foreigners earning good pay came to Bahrain from Persia, Iraq, and India without their families, and this caused an increase in prostitution which is a matter of supply and demand.
The history of prostitution in Bahrain since World War I has been discussed in various sources. Designated brothel areas were established (Rumaihi, 1976:193). There was formerly a section of west Manama, between Naim and the Police Fort, known as Gubla and an area in Muharraq known as Al Grandol. There were brothels in these areas with female prostitutes, and the male prostitutes were almost as numerous as women. A February 8, 1937, court decree ordered that prostitutes should live and work only in these two designated places. Prostitutes living or working elsewhere would be deported. The court ruling also ordered the deportation of those highly professional prostitutes. The female prostitutes were predominantly from Persia, Iraq, and Oman, with Persians commanding the highest prices, then Iraqis and Omanis respectively. The female prostitutes were all known as Daughters of the Wind according to Belgrave (1960); Bahraini informants report they were known as Daughters of Love.
The male prostitutes were chiefly Omani boys (Belgrave, 1960). All the Omani men did not live in this area, as some also lived with families who could afford their services. Later, there were Bahraini women who were the children of former slaves also working in these areas, while Belgrave notes the presence of foreign women who had become Bahrain subjects by the simple expedient of marrying Bahrainis (1960). Among these various groups of women, some were divorced, more commonly they were poor, and a few married women did it for the money or even pleasure. The brothels themselves were attended by men of all socioeconomic classes and ethnic groups.
Bahrainis now in their early forties or older all reported a range of knowledge regarding this topic and the location of the districts. Some knew of such a former Red Light district, but they were not sure where it was exactly. Some said they used to visit it with their parents while on business trips, for example, to collect rent. Others reported they visited the area because it was where all the action was. One informant said he collected bottles and cans for recycling and used the money to visit the ladies. Another informant reported she was very young, but she remembered seeing a man with a young boy. When she asked her mother why the man had the young boy, her mother answered he is married to him.
The term Grandal is still used in another context by elderly people to describe or comment on an individual whose behavior is loose according to preferred standards. Such a woman is called a Grandal, or it is said she is acting like a Grandal. Older people listening understand the connotations of the term. The areas designated for prostitutes started to decline in the early 1970s, and prostitution activities became more dispersed throughout the country with the opening of hotels. Still, women reportedly can still be seen standing in doorways in the old Gubla area in Manama.
Various reasons are given for the decline of this area in town and the recent changes seen in prostitution patterns. First, in the early 1970s, there were major political and economic changes seen in Oman. The current Sultan deposed his father and began investing millions of rivals in major infrastructure improvements in the country. There was an improvement in job opportunities, so many Omanis returned home. Second, the local, economic development of the 1970s due to the boom in oil prices resulted in the building of many new apartment blocks so there were flats (apartments) available in many parts of the city. Also the British military wanted flats and villas in which to live, so there was a building boom, and then Bahrainis moved into these dwellings also (Taki, 1974). People could have more privacy away from their families. Third, the economic boom of the 1970s also meant people had more disposable income and could afford extras like paying for a small flat or small villa. Fourth, the economic boom of the 1970s resulted in an increase of expatriate laborers between 20 and 50 years of age, including those from the Philippines and Sri Lanka. These two groups, all informants state, are highly involved in prostitution in Bahrain. Some Filipinas are paid a monthly salary or gifts of sometimes up to BD400 (US$1,000) or more by their male friend. Because of the low opinion of Filipinas in general, women with families and even elderly women over 60 report being approached directly or indirectly for prostitution (money is brushed on their arm or flashed so they can see it). Finally, after Bahrain gained full independence from the United Kingdom in 1971, U.K. residents were granted special visa privileges, i.e., no visa was required for the first three months of entry. Many U.K. residents came to Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates in the Gulf looking for jobs and employment opportunities. Some of the British women found jobs, others sponsors, and others travel between Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates and are seen frequenting the hotels working as prostitutes. This visa law was changed in 1996, and a visa is now required for U.K. residents due to reciprocal changes instituted by the European Union.
After the opening of the Saudi Causeway in late 1986, local women experienced many problems while they were walking on the streets, in shopping malls, or attending parties in hotels. The Causeway also led to an increase in the number of incidents reported by women who said they or their friends were approached by Saudis. Western women with their children reported being approached in shopping malls by Saudi men and being offered money for their services. Bahraini women, because of the problems, began avoiding hotels even for wedding parties on Wednesdays, Thursdays, and Fridays to prevent such situations from occurring. Women working in public areas in Government buildings are given hotel phone numbers by Saudis, and many have requested job changes to less public areas as a consequence. These situations were predicted by Wilsher in 1982, and reflect an expansion of the prostitution activities described by Faroughy (1951:20) who stated that prostitution forbidden in Saudi Arabia has greatly increased under the complacent eyes of the authorities and Bahrein has become a kind of pleasure island.
Solicitation for prostitution is quite open. Expatriate men report being approached by women in hotels and shopping malls. One first-time consultant visitor from the U.S.A. in 1989 was invited to look at a photo album of women by a taxi driver, taking him from the airport to his business appointment. The visitor reported being absolutely amazed to see this in a strict religious country. A Filipino man attending a hotel disco with a group of friends approached a Western woman and asked for a dance and was told you cannot afford me.
The nationality of female prostitutes has changed through the 1980s and 1990s. During the 1980s, Filipinas could be seen going off with men they picked up, even while in family pizza restaurants. Sri Lankans were available on certain streets in various areas of Manama. Also there continues to be a main street in Adliya commonly referred to as the meat market where Filipinas walk about at night. New nationalities of prostitutes have been seen during the 1990s. Since the breakdown of Communism, Russians began traveling freely to the Gulf. Many came to Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates for shopping, and there was a billion dollars in Russian trade for the United Arab Emirates during 1995 alone. Some of the women also came to sell small items, while others came as prostitutes. Russian women were available in some of the expensive hotel restaurants frequented by Saudis, outside twoand three-star hotels and other restaurants frequented by other tourists. Many of them advertised their services for BD20 ($53) dollars by holding up two fingers. One informant asked to see the C.P.R. (Central Population Registry) residence cards of Russian women outside an expensive restaurant. They had current C.P.R. cards and their profession was listed as business. By the summer of 1996, Bosnian female prostitutes were reportedly working out of one of the mid-size hotels. These women usually asked for the equivalent of BD25-50 or a gift such as a watch if money was not available. Adolescent Ethiopian prostitutes have been seen on the Exhibition Road area with pagers.
Prostitution is not illegal in Bahrain, and it must be mentioned that solicitation for prostitution is not as blatant in Bahrain as that seen in Abu Dhabi where women constantly walk up to men standing alone on the street, or while waiting for transport.
All pornographic materials are strictly prohibited by law and are confiscated by customs officials if detected. Most, if not all, expatriates coming to Bahrain are told that three items are strictly prohibited, i.e., pornography, items on the Israeli boycott list or made in Israel, and cultured pearls. The latter two classes of items are seen, however. Cultured pearls are not to be sold in Bahrain, but are worn, and the boycott list has changed since the Gulf War.
Pornography is available in Bahrain, e.g., magazines, as they are not picked up by security upon arrival as easily as metal items (by the metal detector), or drugs (by drug sniffing dogs) or computer diskettes containing pornography. All videos are viewed by customs agents at the airport upon arrival; others are retained and can be


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Peas Could Be Your New Best Friend
New research from Canada found that proteins in the common garden pea may provide a natural remedy against high blood pressure and chronic kidney disease (CKD).
The pea protein could be used as a natural food product such as an additive or dietary supplement to help the millions of people worldwide that suffer from these conditions, suggested the researchers.
This time, the research comes from Canada and focuses on conditions that affect literally millions of people world wide. We already know that peas provide us with protein, various vitamins, dietary fiber and are low-fat and cholesterol free.
The new research focuses on the yellow garden pea, a mainstay pea variety enjoyed as a veggie side-dish and used as an ingredient in dozens of recipes around the world.
High blood pressure, or hypertension, is a major risk factor for CKD, a condition that has been affecting an increasing number of people in the United States and other countries. Estimates suggest that 13 percent of American adults — about 26 million people — have chronic kidney disease, up from 10 percent, or about 20 million people, in the 1990s.
Dr. Rotimi Aluko who is a food chemist at the University of Manitoba, will present his research results in this (peas) area.
The study is the first reporting that a natural food product can relieve symptoms of CKD, the scientists say.
"In people with high blood pressure, our protein could potentially delay or prevent the onset of kidney damage," says study presenter Rotimi Aluko, Ph.D. [...] "In people who already have kidney disease, our protein may help them maintain normal blood pressure levels so they can live longer."
A colleague and research partner of Dr. Aluko is Dr. Harold Aukema. Together, they worked on this valuable research, which may soon be available to the public.
They extracted pea protein hydrolysate from the yellow garden pea and fed a small dose each day to laboratory rats bred to have a severe type of kidney disease called polycystic kidney disease.
After 8 weeks the rats on the pea protein diet showed a 20 per cent drop in blood pressure compared to diseased rats that had only been fed on a normal diet.
However, eating peas as a part of your diet, will not do the trick. It's the extracted protein in the peas activated with special enzymes, that is needed. After successful human trials, people could possibly take it in the form of a pill or soluble powder added to drinks or food.
Your Next High Blood Pressure Medication - Garden Peas?
ACS Chemistry for Life
237th ACS National Meeting in Salt Lake City
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Forensic Engineering Solves Plumbing Failure Mysteries
plumbing failures
Plumbing failures are rarely pleasant. Water can cause significant damage in a short period. Additionally, leaking water pipes can allow potentially harmful contaminants into drinking water, and untreated sewage flooding a home or workplace often renders it unfit for occupancy.
Structures lost to water damage become costly liabilities, often triggering complex litigation that boils down to a simple question: Who's to blame?
What is forensic engineering?
Answers to this and many other building failures come from the work of forensic engineering — painstakingly analyzing mishaps to identify their root causes and provide crucial clues that can help prevent the next failure. At CTL Engineering, we've helped courts determine the culprits in a broad range of legal cases. Here's a look at two recent plumbing-failure cases we've worked on:
The overtightened toilet nut
In this case, residents came home to find water spraying from a line attached to one of their toilets, causing substantial damage throughout their home. Finding the cause started with examining the point of the plumbing failure.
The toilet's water supply line is connected to the toilet via a plastic coupling. The coupling is economical and capable of supplying years of service if installed correctly. But it's dangerously fragile if installed incorrectly.
The coupling must be finger tightened and then hand tightened by no more than one-half or three-quarters of a turn. Plumbers are not supposed to use wrenches or pliers because they make it too easy to overtighten the coupling — compromising its strength. The insidious thing about using a wrench here is that the damage does not show up immediately. Instead, a small crack forms and grows over time.
Eventually, the crack weakens the coupling so much that water bursts through and soaks everything. A leak could happen months or even years later, making the failure impossible to accurately anticipate.
The photo here shows water spraying from the burst plastic coupling.
Water spray pipe
An extreme close-up, high-resolution photograph of the coupling shows marks we identified as consistent with the use of pliers to tighten it.
forensic engineering
forensic engineering
This kind of forensic engineering evidence can prove pivotal in water damage litigation.
The badly manufactured pipe cap
Another case also involved a failed plastic plumbing part. This incident centered on a plastic pipe cap installed to seal the plumbing temporarily in the middle of a repair job.
The install proved to be far more temporary than anyone expected. It split apart in less than a day after it had been installed, causing a massive water leak. The photo below shows the split cap.
forensic engineering
The next photo shows the manufacturing defect we discovered.
To find this defect, hot melted plastic is injected into the mold. Melted plastic surrounded the mold in both directions — meeting at the point where the part had a manufacturing defect. The body of the cap contained a void that gave way under pressure, causing the spill.
Again, careful failure analysis exposed the culprit.
The forensic engineering expertise you need
At CTL, we have a team of forensic engineering experts who have analyzed a broad range of plumbing failures. If you're involved in plumbing related litigation, we would be glad to answer your questions and provide a cost estimate for a thorough investigation. Don't hesitate to call us.
Ask an Expert


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While it's known that a mother's diet can affect her unborn child's development in utero, a new study found that her eating habits around the time of conception can also alter her child's lifelong risk of cancer.
A new study published in the journal Genome concluded that a gene affecting a person's risk of cancer can be permanently altered in utero depending on a mother's diet. While a child's genes are directly inherited from his parents, how the genes are expressed is controlled through modifications to the DNA, which occur during embryonic and fetal development, according to the report.
Modifications can occur when gene regions are tagged with chemical compounds called methyl groups that silence genes. The compounds require specific nutrients, which means that a mother's eating habits before and during pregnancy can permanently affect the "setting" of these tags, the report said.
Researchers at the Baylor College of Medicine, the Children's Nutrition Research Center at Baylor and Texas Children's Hospital, the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine in London, the MRC Unit and The Gambia, split into two groups and targeted specific regions of the genome called metastable epiallels that are particularly sensitive to these effects.
The research groups both found that the tumor suppressor gene VTRNA2-1— which helps prevent cells from becoming cancerous— was the most sensitive to the environment created by the mother around the time of conception.
"There are around 20,000 genes in the human genome," study leader Dr. Robert Waterland, an associate professor of pediatrics and nutrition at Baylor said, according to the report. "So for our two groups, taking different approaches, to identify this same gene as the top epiallele was like both of us digging into different sides of a gigantic haystack containing 20,000 needles… and finding the exact same needle."
Typically, aside from genes on sex chromosomes, mammals inherit two copies of all genes which function equally. Researchers found that VTRNA2-1 belongs to a special class of genes that are expressed from only the maternal or paternal copy. These genes are labeled imprinted genes because they are imprinted with epigenetic marks inherited from either the sperm or egg, the report said. What further sets VTRNA2-1 apart is that it is the first example of an imprinted metastable epiallele.
"Our results show that the methylation marks that regulate VTRNA2-1 imprinting are lost in some people, and that this 'loss of imprinting' is determined by maternal nutrition around the time of conception," Andrew Prentice, professor at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine and head of the MRC International Nutrition Group said, according to the report. "These are large changes in gene methylation that affect a substantial subset of individuals."
Three previous studies showed that an increase in these methylation marks is a risk factor for acute myeloid leukemia, lung and esophageal cancer. However, a decrease in these marks— VTRNA2-1 loss of imprinting— led to individuals with a double-dose of the anti-cancer gene, according to the report.
"The potential implications are enormous," Prentice told The Guardian. "In this particular example, the gene involved is really crucial – it lies at the center of the immune system so it affects our susceptibility to viral infection. At the very beginning of fetal growth, the way it is labeled is going to affect the baby's health for the rest of its life," he said.
"If a mother's diet is poor then it causes a whole lot of damage to the genome which has a shotgun effect, so a baby might have possible adverse outcomes," Prentice told the news site. "This general phenomenon might explain preterm births, problems in pregnancy, brain defects, or why some babies are born too small."
"We could potentially clean up a lot of adverse pregnancy outcomes by getting the diet right," he told The Guardian.
Researchers also showed the loss of VTRNA2-1 affects all cells of the body, and that the loss of imprinting is stable from childhood to adulthood. Researchers say more studies are under way to test whether methylation at VTRNA2-1 can be used as a screening test to predict risk of cancer.


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Date of Award
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Michael F. Malone
Susan C. Roberts
J. MacGregor Smith
Batch reactive distillation (BRD), combines the flexibility of batch processing with the advantages of reactive distillation and can offer advantages over conventional batch processing for small to medium volume production. BRD is also important in process development for reactive distillation.
The essence of reactive distillation is the integration between reaction and distillation. There are two limiting cases for integration between reaction and distillation, (1) no integration and (2) full integration. In this thesis, we have shown that by analyzing these two limiting cases, and combining the information obtained from two limiting cases in a novel way, we can develop a partial integrated design with an appropriate amount of integration and an appropriate operation mode, which can provide advantages over both conventional design without integration and a fully integrated design.
We apply this approach in two realistic examples, i.e. (1) isopropyl acetate synthesis and (2) 1, 1-dimethoxyethane production. For the isopropyl acetate synthesis, we compare the vapor-liquid and liquid-liquid features of the phase equilibrium to nbutyl acetate and amyl acetate systems, and show the similarities and differences among them. In particular, we show why the isopropyl system is more difficult than the others and how to use the known information in two limiting cases to develop a semi-batch reactive distillation (SBRD) with partial integration, which overcomes the reactive azeotrope brought by full integration and results in a more efficient process for the production of isopropyl acetate than has been previously known. In SBRD, the loss of isopropanol can be substantially decreased, the purity of water can be improved, and the total refluxing or recycling of organic distillate can be avoided. The resulting SBRD can provide 20% higher production efficiency than BRD.
For the example of 1, 1-dimethoxyethane (DMA) synthesis, following the approach, we develop a partially integrated BRD, which can take advantage of integration to overcome the reaction equilibrium limitation, meanwhile avoid a distillation boundary brought by over-integration. This leads to a high-purity product, which is unattainable in a fully integrated reactive distillation process without special and expensive treatment of the methanol/DMA azeotrope.
In this thesis, we also address selectivity issues in BRD, and provide new results describing the impact of key operating parameters: the reflux or reboil ratio and the Damköhler number (Da ).
We show that selectivity improvements in BRD are limited for high values of Da or for high values of the reflux or reboil ratio and that selectivity is enhanced as Da or reflux or reboil ratio is decreased. However, decreasing Da will cause conversion loss, which can be mitigated by increasing reflux ratio (or reboil ratio) at expense of selectivity. Consequently, there is an optimum value of reflux or reboil ratio that gives a maximum yield for systems operated at low or moderate Da.
We show sample results for a system of serial isomerization reactions and for the synthesis of ethylene glycol. For the isomerization, we show that for BRD with a constant heating rate, the additional heat released by reaction can improve selectivity at expense of conversion. For ethylene glycol synthesis, we show that at a low reboil ratio, integration between reaction and distillation has a negative impact on both conversion and selectivity by causing separation of the reactants. We also show that decreasing the reboil ratio near the end of the BRD can increase the removal rate of ethylene glycol and thereby improve selectivity. This operating strategy is different from the common practice in distillation of increasing the reboil ratio near the end of a batch or cut.
Qi, Wei, "Synthesis, Design And Operating Strategies For Batch Reactive Distillation" (2010). Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014. 230.


(programming) An object or routine for accessing items from a list, array or stream one at a time.
By extension, the term can be used for an object or routine for accesing items from any data structure that can be viewed as a list. For example, a traverser is an iterator for tree-shaped data structures.
Last updated: 2001-10-04


text: Identifying the anthropometric measures of successful and less successful handball players may be helpful in developing a talent identification and development model, allowing for the determination of key physical capacities required for elite performance. The purpose of the study was to describe the anthropometric characteristics, including age, standing stature, body mass and body mass index (BMI) in handball players who participated in the 2013 Men's Handball World Championships. Secondly, the objective was to identify the possible differences in these parameters in terms of individual playing positions (goalkeeper, back, center back, wing, line player). Rosters with handball player's age, standing stature, and body mass were obtained from the International Handball Federation website. The research material included 409 handball players (24 teams). National teams were organized by their ranks and sub-grouped using their continents and playing positions. The results of the analyses of variance demonstrated significant differences in age (F=2.30; p=0.044; Partial ŋ2=0.028), standing stature (F=14.02; p=0.0001; Partial ŋ2=0.148), and body mass (F=5.88; p=0.0001; Partial ŋ2=0.068) among the groups (G1-G6). Players in G1 had the highest standing stature and body mass, while players in G6 had the lowest age and body mass values. The backs and line players were the tallest. In addition, the measurement of body mass showed that the line players had the highest body mass and BMI values. In conclusion, this study presented anthropometric data that differentiated levels of success in male handball teams playing in the 2013 world championships. This information should serve as a reference for the average standing stature, body mass, and BMI of handball players for particular positions at the professional level.


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Defined benefit plan sponsors face a tremendous amount of uncertainty. With financial market volatility and liabilities essentially marked-to-market, understanding short-term risks and long-term trends under countless scenarios is invaluable.
Plan sponsors need to understand the impact of variations in asset returns, discount rates, contribution patterns, investment strategies, and plan design so that they can be prepared for potential effects on plan funded status, accounting costs, and contribution requirements. Understanding and planning for future possibilities is a must. That is why many sponsors are turning to Milliman's FutureCost.
FutureCost is an interactive model that provides shortand long-term projections of key financial metrics, helping decision makers prepare for what could be right around the corner as well as for what could lie further down the road. The results are easy to produce and review, with both graphical and numerical outputs generated.
Whether looking at a few deterministic projections to illustrate the sensitivity to changes in asset or liability measures of contributions requirements or accounting results, or doing a full stochastic model with thousands of scenarios to assist in the implementation of a liability-driven investment strategy, FutureCost can help sponsors make important decisions, keeping their eyes open to the potential outcomes.
To see an example of data generated by FutureCost, play the video above or click here.


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are long allegories.
(iii) A short allegory is called a Fable.
7. Synecdoché is that figure of speech by which a part is put for the whole. Thus we say, in a more striking fashion, bread instead of food; a cut-throat for a murderer; fifty sail for fifty ships; all hands at work.
(i) Lear, in the height of his mad rage against his daughters, shouts, I abjure all roofs!"
(ii) The name of the material—as a part of the whole production—is sometimes used for the thing made: as cold steel for the sword; the marble speaks; the canvas glows.
8. Metonymy is that figure of speech by which a thing is named, not with its own name, but by some accompaniment. Thus we say, the crown for the king; the sword for physical force.
(The word metonymy is a Greek word meaning change of names.)
We write the ermine for the bench of judges; the mitre for the bishops; red tape for official routine; a long purse for a great deal of money; the bottle for habits of drunkenness.
(i) Milton says :—
9. Hyperbolé or Exaggeration is a figure by which much. more is said than is literally true. This is of course the result of very strong emotion.
"So frowned the mighty combatants, that hell
(ii) Scott, in 'Kenilworth,' has this passage: "The mind of England's Elizabeth was like one of those ancient Druidical monuments called


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Cooling and crystallization instructions:
Cooling and crystallization are key palm oil fractionation process. Once crystallization successes, palm oil separation becomes easily. Therefore, different type of crystallization should have own cooling exchange surface, cooling system and mixture structure.Palm oil Cooling and crystallization condition determines the start of palm oil crystallization nuclei, the number of crystals and crystal size in palm oil fractionation process. Cooling efficiency and ordering ensure special crystal formation and filterability in palm oil fractionation.Under stirring and circulating water cooling state, according to set temperature difference between palm oil and cooling water, palm oil cooling time and control palm oil cooling process to form nuclei and slowly grow. When reaching the required temperature (depending on desired quality of soft fat obtained, typically 20 degrees Celsius), stop cooling.
Crystallization Theory & Practice:
◆Palm Oil is a complex multi-component mixture of triglycerides with melting points ranging from -30…+70°C
◆Crystallization for fractionation is a selective crystallization of triglycerides with higher melting point
◆Selectivity for crystallization is achieved by controlled temperature profile during cooling cycle
◆Crystallization process consists of four stages: Pre-cooling, Formation of Nuclei, Crystal Growth,Final Conditioning.


text: This paper analyzes the agreed and discrepant sensemaking of members of a project team. Embedded in a narratological approach to sensemaking research, we argue that before scholars may be able to understand in detail how agreements are reached and action becomes coordinated, we need first to take seriously the proposition that sensemaking occurs in the context of individuals' idiosyncratic efforts at identity construction. This, we suggest, means attending to the narratives that actors tell about their work and self both for others and their selves. The key research contribution that we make is to demonstrate how work on 'impression management' and 'attributional egotism' may be employed in order to account for discrepant sensemaking. This is important in the context of a literature that has left relatively unexplored the reasons why people interpret differently experiences they have in common.


7 Steps to Repairing Rotting Trim
Shannon Lee
Rotted trim can happen to any home, no matter the age. All it takes is the proper balance of moisture and warmth trapped against wood, and even the sturdiest lumber can fall victim to the elements. Rot damage to trim should be repaired promptly, before the situation gets even worse.
Repairing Rot Damage the Easy Way
These seven easy step-by-step instructions can help you stop the water damage in its tracks:
 1. Find the rot. Inspect your house with a simple screwdriver in hand. Look at windowsills, joints, and end grain. Push your screwdriver against the wood--if it sinks in, you've got rot that needs to be removed. Cracked or blistering paint, discoloration, and the presence of algae are all other telltale signs of water damage.
 2. Pull it out. Using a sharp-edged tool, dig out the area that has rotted. Cut away a section of the old wood to prepare for the replacement. If you are using a Dutchman repair, make sure the cuts are smooth and straight, to allow for very tight joints.
 3. Prepare the piece. Choose a piece of wood that fits perfectly into the area you just removed. A very tight fit is important to prevent further water damage in the joint. Make sure the piece fits well by testing it several times.
 4. Prepare the glue. Because polyurethane glue reacts with water to form a tighter seal, dampen the clean surfaces before applying the glue. Always follow the directions on the label.
 5. Set the patch. Drill pilot holes into the piece of replacement wood, then attach it to the area with long screws that you have driven to just below the surface of the wood. Be careful not to disturb the glue as you do this! It can be very difficult to remove from tools or your skin.
 6. Sand down the glue. As the glue cures, it foams up, filling in all the cracks and joints. But it can also seep out around the repaired area. When it does, use sandpaper to sand it down level with the wood. For significant areas of glue foaming, use a chisel or block plane to remove the excess.
 7. Finish up. Cover the screw heads with putty for a uniform finish, and then repaint the wood to match the surrounding area. And that's it! If you take your time with the job, no one will ever notice the rot damage repair and you have the peace of mind of stopping water damage in its tracks.
About the Author
Search Improvement Project


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Aggression is a difficult and sometimes devastating symptom that occurs in children for varied reasons—some known and some unknown.
The correlation between food and behavior intrigued me 20 years ago, and sparked my career as a nutrition researcher and clinician.
And aggression is one of the areas parents are most concerned with, when their child has it. I feel for all of them – the children when they can express it later on often feel terrible about it and trapped by this uncontrollable response. And parents worry so much about what this might mean for their child's future.
It's a difficult area to study for many reasons, especially for children and adults with autism that cannot speak. Causes and triggers of aggression are difficult for any child to understand and describe (autism or not).
So when can aggression be caused by food and/or improved by dietary choices?
Pain (often gastrointestinal) can cause people to injure themselves or others. We know this because parents and doctors report that when serious GI disorders are addressed, aggression has been known to disappear. Supporting the gut with a special diet can be very beneficial.
Additionally, an imbalance of neurotransmitters or hormones can cause aggression, this can be caused by many things including puberty or microbial pathogens but can also be caused by food reactions, or nutrient deficiencies.
Potential causes of aggression we'll cover in depth include:
- Gluten, dairy, soy and food allergies
- Phenols and salicylates
- Amines and glutamate
- Nutrient deficiencies
Certainly, aggression can happen from the frustration or anger associated with a child being denied food. For the purpose of this article though, we will focus on foods that can trigger/cause aggression from consumption.
Gluten, Dairy and Food Allergens
There is much support for the notion that gluten and dairy can lead to aggression – including published articles and case studies, and a myriad of online anecdotes.
Gluten and dairy can cause aggression in several ways. While not all of the mechanisms have been identified as yet, I do have some theories. If you are eating these foods and your body is creating opiates, opiates themselves can cause mood changes. Additionally, opiates peak and drop, these "withdrawals" from these opiate-compounds can cause irritability and aggression. Also, pain from these foods could cause aggression. Regardless of the underlying mechanism in each case, aggression can improve with a gluten-free, dairy-free, soy-free diet.
Other food allergens can also cause aggression. Doris Rapp, M.D., explains in her book, Is this Your Child, how aggression can be a symptom of food allergy and describes a variety of child case studies where a food allergen (specific to that individual) caused aggressive behavior (1). It could be wheat, dairy, corn, soy, oranges, or other foods. In these cases, they are associated with allergy or intolerance in the individual.
A gluten-free, casein-free (dairy-free), soy-free, and allergen-free diet (specific to the individual's BioIndividual Nutrition needs) is often a great place to start with dietary changes.
Have you been to a toddler's birthday party and watch (almost in unison) as the kids come down from the "sugar high" and the crying ensues? When they consume excess sugar, one result is poor behavior, mood changes, and yes, even aggression!
Maybe you have experienced this yourself, indulging in a sugary treat only to become short tempered or irritable after. Our children (especially those who are nonverbal and cannot explain what they are feeling) can react even more drastically.
Sugar itself can cause aggression. Research shows that high sugar intake and high fructose corn syrup increases the risk of aggression, as well as ADHD (2).
Also, the after effects of sugar can cause low blood sugar levels which have also been shown to cause aggression. (3)
So sugar can cause aggression by two mechanisms, the sugar itself and the aftermath of the low blood sugar levels it can cause.
Reducing refined sugars can be a simple way to support stable blood sugar and mood. I have many resources on my site related to lower-sugar treat options and even recipes with lower sugar or using alternative sweeteners like dates, stevia, or honey.
Phenols and Salicylates
In my one-on-one nutrition practice, I've found that phenols, salicylates, and amines are the foods that are (by far) the greatest instigators of aggressive behavior.
Artificial food additives such as artificial colors, flavors, and preservatives are phenol compounds that can trigger irritability, sleeping problems, ADHD, hyperactivity and aggression. Food additives are a well-known cause of aggression—Dr. Ben Feingold and others have been studying this and publishing papers for decades. Dr. Feingold stated in his paper, "Dietary Management of Juvenile Delinquency" that he had 60-70% success with an additive-free diet "for control of behavior."
In addition to "artificial phenols" there are "natural phenols" in the form called salicylates. Salicylates have a phenolic structure, or aromatic chemical ring, that occur naturally in fruits, vegetables, nuts, herbs and spices, and other plant foods. These foods are rich in wonderful nutrients, but if your body has trouble "detoxifying" the salicylates, they can be a big problem for a child causing significant aggression, hyperactivity, and many other symptoms.
High Salicylate Foods
- Tomato sauce and ketchup
- Herbs and Spices: Cinnamon, cumin, turmeric, rosemary and more
One of my client's children, a boy 10 years old, had daily aggression toward his family and therapists. It would happen dozens of times per day, seemingly out of the blue. People were getting hurt and it was a scary situation for everyone involved. I suspected salicylates as the culprit, and after a dietary trial removing them, his aggression virtually disappeared—it went from 50 times per day to one time a month (and likely that was an accidental exposure)!
Amines and Glutamates
Amines are a different natural food chemical that is processed by the same detoxification pathway, and therefore, often create similar reactions, and people with salicylate sensitivity are more likely to have amine or glutamate intolerance. Amines and glutamates are found in fermented foods including sauerkraut and yogurt, salami, smoked meats and fish, bacon, canned fish, and broths. Sometimes I find it is amines, not salicylates, that is the main culprit.
Glutamate, also comes in the additive-form of MSG (monosodium glutamate). One client I worked with was a teenager—he was very aggressive and only wanted to eat certain things. When I looked to see what they all had in common, it was MSG as an ingredient. For him, removing both MSG and a food sensitivity made a huge improvement and his aggression diminished dramatically.
For children with aggression, I always explore the possible role of salicylates, amines, and glutamates for causing or contributing to the reaction, as I have seen many times in my practice that removing these foods reduces aggression for those that don't tolerate them.
Before we wrap up this conversation about food and aggression, let's discuss how not only food reactions can cause aggression, but nutrient deficiencies as well.
Nutrients are important for building neurotransmitters, as well as hundreds, if not, thousands of functions in the body and brain. And certain deficiencies have been associated with aggression.
Serotonin is the feel good brain chemical that when in low supply not only can cause depression but aggression as well. The amino acid tryptophan converts to serotonin, and low levels of tryptophan are associated with aggression in rat-mouse studies (4).
Also, vitamin B6, zinc, magnesium, and iron are all important for the production of serotonin – and all of these vitamins and minerals have been showing in studies to cause aggression when low.
Lithium is another important mineral. A well known study showed how areas with little to no lithium in their drinking water had significantly higher rates of violent crime than those with more adequate levels. (5) contains lithium (in low doses) is beneficial. And I've heard Dr. James Greenblatt speak on the benefits of low dose lithium at the Integrative Medicine for Mental Health conference and the benefits are quite amazing. (6)
There are more nutrients as well that can be helpful with aggression such as vitamins B1, B3, B5, niacin, and vitamin C.
A healthy nutrient dense diet and a multivitamin/mineral formula can help supply the nutrients we need for many everyday functions, including more stable mood.
World of Difference
Aggression can have so many various causes, and food is not the cause for everyone. However, what is clear is that if foods are triggering aggression for a child, removal of those foods can make a world of difference in decreasing aggression, and huge improvements in the quality of everyone's life.
For more on common reactions and symptoms from these foods, when and how to implement these special diets, lists of foods containing salicylates, amines, and glutamates, and how to create a personalized nutrition plan for your child, check out my nutrition program for parents, Nourishing Hope for Healing Kids.


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June 19 2013 Latest news:
Saturday, February 16, 2013
Adam Sonin explores the career of writer Aldous Huxley, whose best known work, Brave New World, has been translated into 28 languages.
Aldous Leonard Huxley (_PHONE_) was the third son of Leonard Huxley (_PHONE_), an assistant master at Charterhouse, editor of Cornhill Magazine and son of eminent scientist Thomas Henry Huxley (_PHONE_).
Aldous's eldest brother was the zoologist, philosopher and first director of UNESCO, Sir Julian Sorell Huxley (_PHONE_), whom David Attenborough worked for in his early days as a BBC trainee.
His mother, Julia (_PHONE_) was the niece of the poet Matthew Arnold and, according to a family biographer, they were "children from whom nothing but the best would be tolerated".
In 1908, a precocious, pale, blue-eyed boy with an oversized head started his academic life at Eton College.
This coincided with the unexpected death of his mother, which Huxley said was "as if a great explosion had taken place in the family". His brother Julian's wife, Juliette, later commented that "it was to Aldous the irreparable loss, a betrayal of his faith in life".
Three years later, in 1911, Huxley suffered a serious eye infection which was left untreated over term-break at school.
As a result he was left partially blind for 18 months. While recuperating at home, he taught himself to touch-type and learnt to "read Braille and even Braille music, which is very difficult".
Years later, the writer commented that "everything has its compensations and I remember with pleasure the volupte of reading Braille in bed, in the dark and with one's book and one's hands snugly under the bed clothes".
Abandoning any future inclination or ambition he had towards science or medicine, Huxley turned to the idea of writing, which was "a very important event in my life".
He started off by writing "bad verses" and then "wrote an entire novel which I never read because I couldn't see what I had written". Sadly the 80,000-word manuscript no longer exists but was "a rather bitter novel about a young man and his relationship to two types of women".
Huxley was privately tutored at home but felt cut off from "a great many ordinary kinds of outlets for social communication with people of my own age". After about two years he regained very limited sight and managed to win a scholarship to Balliol College, Oxford, where he read English literature and language, often, quite literally, through a "rather powerful magnifying glass and went through university on that basis".
The writer and journalist Beverley Nichols best captured the image of his rake-thin 6ft 4.5in friend: "Quantities of Aldous Huxley reclined on my sofa, spreading over the cushions, and stretching long tentacles on the floor." Huxley graduated with a first class degree and won the Stanhope essay prize in 1916.
Despite his imposing physical presence, Huxley had an unforgettable mellifluous voice, exuded a quiet charm and demonstrated an immense yet gentle curiosity for all matters. His formidable mental archive led Bertrand Russell – an occasional fellow guest with Huxley at Garsington Manor, home of English aristocrat and society hostess Lady Ottoline Morrell – to comment that he could tell which volume of the Encyclopaedia Britannica the student Huxley was reading by the prominence of subjects with that letter in their conversation.
At Garsington, Huxley consorted with the Sitwells, Lytton Strachey, Maynard Keynes and others in the Bloomsbury circle. It was here he met his future wife, a Belgian refugee named Maria Nys, who had been living at the house. The couple married in 1919 and a year later had their only son, Matthew.
After his Oxford days, Huxley had stints as a secretary at the Air Board and teaching posts at Repton School and Eton College. As a teacher at Eton College, Huxley's pupils included the writer George Orwell and historian Steven Runciman.
While working at the Air Board in the Strand, he lived at his father's house in 16 Bracknell Gardens, Hampstead, in "a most pleasant room, looking on the garden". A plaque commemorating Huxley at the house was erected in 1995 and celebrates "men of science and letters".
Huxley worked as a literary journalist for John Middleton Murray at The Athenaeum and then for Vanity Fair and Vogue.
At this time, the couple, now married, were living in a tiny studio flat at 18 Hampstead Hill Gardens, which they shared with a pug and a kitten – both given as wedding gifts.
By the age of 26, Huxley's poetry had matured significantly. Virginia Woolf praised the "high technical skill and great sensibility" and Marcel Proust placed him in the first rank of young British authors.
After his first novel, Crome Yellow (1921), was published, bringing instant fame, F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote: "This is the highest point so far attained by Anglo-Saxon sophistication. Huxley is the wittiest man writing in English." Such high praise and he was still only in his 20s.
Years later Fitzgerald was to base one of his characters on Huxley, satirising him as Boxley, the ineffectual scriptwriter, in his posthumously published work, The Love of The Last Tycoon (1941).
A round-the-world tour in 1925 brought Huxley before readers in Bombay, Kyoto and Los Angeles and with his royalties he purchased a small villa in southern France and a Bugatti convertible for Maria, specially stretched to accommodate his long legs.
Having spent time living on the continent and in London, the spring of 1937 saw the Huxleys set sail for America. They arrived in New York and embarked on a fiveweek road trip across the country. The Bugatti had been given to friends and they drove a humble car made by Ford.
Huxley then went on a speaking tour of America, something which initially terrified him, and finally settled in California, attracted by its clear bright air which aided his sight. Promises from Hollywood studios regarding adaptations of his books were unfulfilled, but work as a screenwriter was plentiful. He met the new immigrant community of Hollywood, which included playwright Bertolt Brecht, Thomas and Heinrich Mann, and film director George Cukor.
Films Huxley worked on include Madame Curie, a bio-pic drafted in 1938 (and later rewritten by F. Scott Fitzgerald); Pride and Prejudice, also for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (1940), and Jane Eyre (1943), whose screenplay Huxley wrote with the director Robert Stevenson and John Houseman.
He was even signed up by Walt Disney to develop the script for Alice In Wonderland. However, Huxley was not fond of this life and wrote to his brother of his experiences with studio executives stating that they "have the characteristics of the minds of chimpanzees, agitated and infinitely distractible".
The Huxleys' Hollywood circle included screenwriter Anita Loos, actress Greta Garbo, comic film star Harpo Marx, the Chaplins and later composer Igor Stravinsky, who they met at the Farmer's Market. Life, however, was modest and fairly austere.
Loos wrote of a picnic the group once took, recalling, "with dramatis personae so fantastic that they might have come out of Alice in Wonderland". Incidentally, Huxley once warned Stravinsky, before he was to meet Evelyn Waugh, that the novelist could be "prickly, pompous and downright unpleasant".
Huxley's best known work, Brave New World (1932), has been translated into 28 languages. Despite this, news of his death was buried by the media as it coincided with the assassination of President John F. Kennedy (and incidentally the death of the Chronicles of Narnia author C. S. Lewis).
Along with Karl Marx and Sigmund Freud, Huxley's face appears on the cover of The Beatles' album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club.


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This is a statistical index to the Village Voice Pazz & Jop music critics poll, generated in the process of its tabulation for the last few years.
Click any linked column-heading to sort a table by that column. Click any album or song for an artist profile, or any voter for a voter profile.
Some explanation of the various esoteric metrics:
- Enthusiasm (album): points per vote. On the album poll voters divide 100 points among 10 albums, 5-30 points each.
- Kvltosis: the fraction of an album's points that remain if the album poll is inversely reweighted by voters' centricities (see below).
- Hipness: the fraction of an album's points that remain if the album poll is reweighted by how many singles each voter's ballot listed.
- Metalism (album): the fraction of an album's points that remain if the album poll is reweighted by voters' metalism (see below).
- Monolithity: the fraction of an album's points that remain if you disregard ballots that include a song by the same artist.
- Vitality (album): the fraction of an album's points that came from voters new to the poll that year.
- Singularity: the fraction of a song's votes that remain if you disregard ballots that include an album by the same artist.
- Centricity: how close a voter came to picking to the winning 10 albums.
- Breadth: how close a voter came to picking a different artist for every album/song slot in every voting year.
- Metalism (voter): what fraction of a voter's votes went to metal bands (arbitrarily defined).
- Artist points: sum of their album points plus 2 points per song-vote.
- Enthusiasm (artist): points, as above, per ballot.
Similarity is calculated for albums, songs and artists based on voter overlap, and for ballots and voters based on album+song+artist overlap.
The ballot and voter scores are weighted by album/song/artist popularity.


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I don't have a Macmillan account. How can I create a teacher account on Navio?
Follow these steps to create a new account on Navio:
- Open the Navio app and select 'Teacher'.
- Click on 'Create an account'.
- Before setting up your account you will be asked to enter your access code. This opens a browser window so you need to be online.
- The code has a maximum of 20 letters and numbers. You will have received it by email or found it in the inside cover of your Teacher's Book.
- Enter the code and click 'Check code'.
- Follow the on-screen instructions to enter your details.
- When you have finished, click 'Register and activate code'.
Alternatively, you can register your code on the MEE portal - click here
for more details.


As the South Grows
Strong Roots
Read "Strong Roots," the second report in our As the South Grows series.
As the South Grows: Strong Roots cover
The South's economic history is dominated by extractive industry, artificially cheap labor, unbridled economic development, and exploitation of the region's human and natural resources. As different as the region's mountain hollers and sea islands may seem demographically, politically and economically, they share this history. The fate of Appalachian coal miners and Lowcountry farmers is linked.
And as nonprofit and community leaders in the Lowcountry and in Appalachia understand, dramatic economic transition for many Southern communities is underway. Community-led economic development organizations are breaking down barriers to access to wealth-building tools for historically excluded Southern communities. They are changing the narrative about the region's economic past and future. They are capitalizing on the South's rich assets: its people, its land and its culture.


Untitled Document
Regression models for leaf area estimation of Brazilian species of the genus Tillandsia L. (Bromeliaceae)
The objective of this study was to calculate adequate regression equations for estimation of leaf area of Tillandsia spp. native from Brazil. Leaf length along the central vein (C), maximum leaf width (L) and real leaf area were measured from at least 100 leaves for each species. Leaves were maintained intact at the plants. Relationships between the real leaf area and leaf dimensions C, L and CL (leaf length x leaf maximum width) were calculated with regression models. The linear regression model with intercept was the most adequate, and the recommended equations for each species, being LA= estimated leaf area, were: Tillandsia carminea, LA= 0,281188 + 0,562219 CL (R2= 0,7296);Tillandsia dura, LA= 0,891231 + 0,412457 CL (R2= 0,8432); Tillandsia gardneri, LA= 2,54412 + 0,445525 CL (R2= 0,8662); Tillandsia geminiflora, LA= 0,674484 + 0,444418 CL (R2= 0,8474); Tillandsia globosa, LA= 1,9494 + 0,3804 CL (R2= 0,8178); Tillandsia grazielae, LA= 0,518512 + 0,530259 CL (R2= 0,7608); Tillandsia kautskyi, LA= 0,59338 + 0,374353 CL (R2= 0,6931);Tillandsia reclinata, LA= 0,_PHONE_ + 0,641623 CL (R2= 0,9169); Tillandsia stricta, LA= 0,3937 + 0,4277 C (R2= 0,8661), or LA= 1,21336 + 0,385727 CL (R2= 0,8607); Tillandsia tenuifolia, LA= 0,991226 + 0,402221 CL (R2= 0,7523).
ISSN: 2447-536X
 Creative Commons License


text: religious or cultural background of the visionary. The theistic and religious visionaries like St. John of the Cross called it as "Kingdom of God on Earth" or "A new earth and a new heaven." In our modern age Sri Aurobindo called it as "Supermind" and Teilhard De Chardin as "Omegapoint" and they describe it in a more psychological language in terms of evolution and transformation of consciousness. But the essence of the prophecy is that our human evolution is moving towards a spiritual destiny beyond the mundane, material and the mental. The higher purpose of money is to create a beautiful and harmonious outer material environment or organization favorable to this evolution of consciousness in the moral, aesthetic and spiritual dimension, culminating in a transformation of consciousness.


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INPUT (file statement)
The INPUT # file or port statement reads sequential data using one variable or a comma separated list of matching variable types.
- INPUT _TAG_&, variable1[, variable2,..., variableN]
- fileNumber& is a positive LONG integer value used to OPEN the file FOR INPUT mode.
- The type of the variable used defines the value or list of values to be returned from the file. Numeric types must match the values returned.
- As reflected in the syntax you can list a number of variables with different types seperated by a comma and they will hold the values in the file (keep in mind that the information in the file should match the variable types used).
- The file number can be determined by the programmer or be an unused number returned by the FREEFILE function.
- Variable types must match the numerical types being read. STRING variables can return unquoted numeric values.
- Leading or trailing spaces of STRING values must be inside of quotes. WRITE # writes strings inside of quotes automatically. PRINT # removes quotes.
- INPUT # will read each value until it encounters a comma for the next value in a list.
- Use the EOF function to avoid reading past the end of a file.
- Files created by WRITE # usually have the same number of values on each file line. If INPUT reads more or less values, it may read beyond the end of file or return bad data.
- Use the LINE INPUT (file statement) for files created with PRINT # or PRINT #, USING.
- INPUT can read Excel CSV files, but beware of unquoted text or numerical values containing commas.
Example 1: Writes new data to a text file sequentially and reads it back to the program screen.
filename$ = "testfile.dat" x = 1: y = 2: z$ = "Three" OPEN filename$ FOR OUTPUT AS #1 'opens and clears an existing file or creates new empty file WRITE #1, x, y, z$ CLOSE #1 PRINT "File created with data. Press a key!" K$ = INPUT$(1) 'press a key OPEN filename$ FOR INPUT AS #2 'opens a file to read it INPUT #2, a, b, c$ CLOSE #2 PRINT a, b, c$ WRITE a, b, c$ END
1 2 Three 1,2,"Three"
- File content: WRITE string values will include quotation marks, but they are not required to read the file value as a string.
Example 2: Commas inside of string values will not affect the INPUT value as those commas are not WRITE separators.
Hello, how are you? I'm fine. "Hello, how are you?","I'm fine."
"Hello, how are you?","I'm fine."
- File content: Commas inside of strings delimited with quotes will be ignored. WRITE will always enclose string values in quotes.
- INPUT (file mode), LINE INPUT #, INPUT$ (file input)
- INPUT, LINE INPUT, INPUT$ (keyboard input)
- PRINT #, PRINT #, USING
- GET #


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How Right Whale Photoidentification Works
Individual right whales are identified by the pattern of callosity on their heads, along with a host of other natural and anthropogenic scars. See How to Identify a Right Whale for terms and details on right whales features.
- Examine callosity patterns
- Compare other identifying marks
- Learn from examples of right whale matching
- Search the Right Whale Catalog
- Review feature identification codes
- Use the DIGITS: Digital Image Gathering and Information Tracking System


Home > Products > Fireworks > Support > Buttons
Fireworks Icon Macromedia Fireworks Support Center - Buttons
Working with Macromedia Fireworks MX buttons and navigation bars
Macromedia Fireworks MX is the ideal tool for creating and maintaining navigation bars. Using instance-level properties, you can define a number of characteristics for individual buttons without affecting other buttons. Instance-level properties also enable you to make modifications to a button without breaking the link between the button instance and the original button symbol. This simplifies the web design workflow by saving time and gives you great flexibility when designing navigation.
Instance-level properties eliminate the difficulty you might have experienced if you used previous versions of Fireworks to create navigation bars. Whenever you made any instance different from the others (by defining different text on each button, for example), a message box appeared that asked if you wanted to break the link between the instance and its button symbol or if you wanted to make the change to all instances. While breaking the link between instance and symbol gave you flexibility in the design of your buttons, it made maintenance difficult because no longer could you make a global change using the button symbol.
By completing this tutorial, you'll learn about instance-level and symbol-level properties for Fireworks MX buttons. You will create and modify a navigation bar, export it, and then test it in a web browser. If you have a copy of Macromedia Dreamweaver MX, you'll also explore what happens to a Fireworks navigation bar when opened from within Dreamweaver MX.
Before you begin, preview the file that you will create.
To complete the tutorial, you'll need the following source file:
Download the Windows source file (112K)
Download the Macintosh source file (116K)
When the file decompresses, a folder named nav_buttons is created on your system.
If you have trouble downloading or decompressing the file, see TechNote 13686.
Note: If you plan to perform the optional, last procedure in this tutorial (to examine the end result in Dreamweaver), it's best to copy the nav_buttons folder into a Dreamweaver site folder on your system, to ensure that Fireworks and Dreamweaver integration will function properly. See Dreamweaver Help for information about creating a site folder.
About button symbols and instances
Create a button symbol
Create a navigation bar
Modify the navigation bar
Export the navigation bar
Examine the navigation bar in Dreamweaver
Moving on
Tonya Estes
Tonya Estes writes documentation and tutorials for Fireworks and FreeHand.
6 June 2002
button, navigat, HTML, web page, instance, symbol, tutorial


قالب:هوية المستخدم الملزمة
من ويكيبيديا، الموسوعة الحرة
اذهب إلى: تصفح،  ابحث
Symbol redirect vote2.svg
The idea is to use cryptographic hashes; you choose a secret string known only to yourself, put it through a one-way hash function, and publish the result somewhere. As the result is a hash, nobody can easily work backwards from the hash to the secret string; hence, if you give the secret string to someone and they hash it and the hash turns out to be the same as the one published, it is very strong evidence that the person giving the secret string is the same person who originally published the hash. An attacker compromising an account presumably would not know the secret string.
 - The "hash function used" parameter, if not included, defaults to SHA-512. (This hash function is recommended.)
to produce
Choosing a good secret string[عدل]
 1. Your secret string should not be easy to guess. If you haven't openly declared your real-life identity on Wikipedia, then any string specifying your real-life identity is a good secret string. If you have openly declared who you are, your secret string should specify more information that wouldn't be easy to guess. If your string is easy to guess, then the fact that you know the string may not be very persuasive. For example, a string of 'joe' will be way less convincing than 'My name is Joe Schmoe, and I can be contacted at: _EMAIL_'
 5. Your secret string should not be short: at least 15 characters. A dedicated attacker could, by brute force, try strings until they find your secret string, but if your string is long enough, that attack would take too long to be practical. If your string is 15 characters long, there are around 1027 strings of that length, or an octillion (and that's just counting alphanumeric strings with spaces).
 6. Your secret string should not only contain an email address, name or phone number, but should contain hard to guess components. "_EMAIL_" for example may be vulnerable to both dictionary attacks and the database of email addresses from hotmail leaking, enabling attackers to check 'only' those hundred million names against all published hashed identities, which is computationally much easier than the above would indicate.
Getting the hash[عدل]
Be sure to note the exact string you enter into the form, in case you need to use it later. It is important that this string be both easily remembered exactly by you and hard to guess by any intruder - if an intruder knows the secret string, then this is useless. One's username is public and guessable; one's password is not a good choice either, as in the event of a compromised account, the password may have been guessed.
On unixlike systems the md5sum, sha1sum, sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum, and sha512sum programs are provided in the أدوات جنو الأساسية. Windows users may use one of the methods mentioned below, or those who have PowerShell installed can generate a hash using the following command. Provide your secret phrase in the location indicated:
It is recommended that SHA-512 be used, as recent cryptographic research has cast doubt on the longterm viability of using SHA-1. The template defaults to SHA-512 if the hash function parameter is omitted. For security, you should only use locally executed programs, or client-side javascript, to create your hash. Examples of such hash calculators include jsSHA and HashCalc 2.01.
Compromised identities[عدل]
انظر أيضاً[عدل]
Code Result
{{مستخدم:Anomie/Userbox committed identity|…}}
links talk view
مستخدم:Anomie/Userbox committed identity


text:
Animal Species:Golden-spined Ant
Golden-spined or Golden Ants have a metallic sheen to their body, which is covered in golden hairs.
Golden-spined Ants have a strangely spined thorax, probably used in defence against predators.
8 mm - 11 mm
Golden-spined Ants are found throughout Australia.
Found in urban areas, forests and woodlands, heath, Golden-spined Ants often nest in sand at the base of shrubs and trees.
Many Golden-spined Ants stay in their nest during wet or extremely hot periods.
Feeding and Diet
Golden-spined Ants are omnivores. They collect nectar and pollen from a wide range of plants including eucalypts and acacias. They also collect dew from these plants early in the morning. They forage as individuals and can be seen on food-collecting missions at most times and in most weather conditions.


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D points
(x, y, z) —> (x, y, z, w)
Why do we need to represent 3D points with 4 coordinates?
After explaining the meaning of (x, y, z, 1.0), we need to ask about its usage. There are 2 main reasons:
- Translation cannot be done with a 3X3 matrix because (0.0, 0.0, 0.0) * M3x3 = (0.0, 0.0, 0.0) for any 3×3 matrix (so it cannot be translated). We are not going to explain translation matrix generation in this post, but it looks like the following image
- Setting a proper value for w let us perform perspective projection (by the perspective division)
An excellent article to understand the homogeneous coordinates deeply and its geometric interpretation is Chapter 18 – A Trip Down the Graphics Pipeline – Jim Blinn.
In addition to all the links cited in the article, I used the following references:
In the next post, I am going to write about how to compute the perspective projection matrix.


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Pat Yongpradit, a talented young HS CS teacher I have written about before, has created a 5 week mini-course on game programming with XNA Game Studio. This course is particularly useful for educators who want to offer game programming to their students as an enrichment unit, as part of a summer school or after school program or other places in their curriculum. It is especially useful for educators who don't already have the game development knowledge and who don't have a lot of free time to learn it on their own. This curriculum gives you access to a free textbook (in PDF format) as well as video tutorials that lead students through the lessons. It is explicitly designed for students who already know how to program, the difference here is that this curriculum teaches them how program in a game context. Here are some other reasons I think this is such a good course:
Where do you get all of this?
And don't forget to sign you high school up for DreamSpark to get students even more free development software!


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Do you know the signs to watch for to avoid eating canned food that might be deadly? There are several ways harmful bacteria can contaminate canned food. "In the United States, about 110 cases of botulism are reported each year". A person can't see or smell if a can is contaminated with botulism spores, however, there are other contaminates that can be seen and smelled. The good news is that most of the signs that canned food has spoiled are fairly easy to recognize once you know what to look for. Below is a quick review of what to keep an eye out for. See if you know all the signs to watch out for.
1. A Lid that Bulges Moving Up & Down
This unsafe can of whole potatoes had been exposed to extremely cold temperatures and relatively hot temperatures in my garage, over a 6 month period.
2. Food Projecting or Exploding When Opened
This YouTube video was made by TheModernSurvivalist. Check out some of their other informative videos here and don't forget to subscribe!
3. Rusting / Corrosion of Can
This was pulled out of a house fire and it was covered with soot. Soot and moisture corrodes metal. Corrosion will eventually create holes that let in air and bacteria.
This YouTube video was made by Mrs. Crosby. Check out some of their her informative videos here and don't forget to subscribe!
Dents compromise the integrity of the air tight seal which can expose the food to harmful bacteria.
6. Acrid Smell
If it smells pungent, acidic, chemical, or has a unnatural smell don't eat it!
7. Rising Bubbles or Unnatural Looking Colors
The picture above is of a well shook can of safe bubbles. I didn't have an example of unsafe bubbles so I thought I'd show you safe bubbles. The bubbles to be watchful of are small rising gas bubbles.
8. Hisses Loudly When Opened
A soft quite hiss when the air rushes into a can you are opening is normal but a can that hiss loudly when opened is a warning sign.
– – – – – – – – –
So if a can is bulging, projecting, rusting, leaking, is dented, has a weird smell, looks funky, or hisses loudly DON'T taste it and handle it carefully! "Contact with botulinum toxin can be fatal whether it is ingested or enters through the skin. Take care to avoid contact with suspect foods or liquids." Carefully dispose of the contaminated food.
- How do I safety clean up and dispose of spoiled canned food? Find the answer at the National Center for Home Food Preservation
- Do you have food safety questions? Find answers at USDA Shelf-Stable Food Safety