text:
Diqing in Yunnan Nonferrous Metals Co., Ltd. mainly engaged in Pulang copper mining, site selection, sales and other items. As we all know, in the copper smelting process, it consumes a lot of electricity and thermal power resources, which account for most of the hot water consumption. Combined with the actual demand Diqing company, to provide fast Boiler 1 stage electric heating hot water boiler of 2.1MW.
After electric 35tph condensing fired steam boiler shutdown, how maintenance? When long-term disabled electric steam boiler, furnace should pay great attention to external corrosion and maintenance problems. First, after power shutdown cooling steam boiler, the ash must be thoroughly cleaned and the heating surface fouling the upper grate, the lower portion of the furnace. Then to maintain a certain degree of natural ventilation flue. In general, in order desiccant moisture should be placed in the furnace, flue. The quicklime as a drying agent, within the furnace or flue gas per cubic meter should be placed generally about 3kg. After placing all the ventilation should be tightly closed doors. After the change of lime powder to be replaced. Low-lying position as boiler room, ground during shutdown severe flood tide, often approach should be used and placed a small fire to dry desiccant combination. If the boiler shutdown a long time, after the complete removal of soot coated with an anti-corrosion red lead paint in oil or other metal surface furnace. As for anti-corrosion maintenance methods inside the furnace shutdown, the shutdown Yaoan the length of time to be. In general, no more than one month shutdown maintenance wet available, more than one month should be taken to maintain dry. To note the following problems when a dry maintenance: desiccant boiler not in direct contact with the metal surface, may be mounted in a container such as the iron plate after the desiccant is placed, and a hole for shutting the other hand hole cover, valve steam, the water pipe change must cut lime powder should be replaced.
How staged combustion boilers and boiler manufacturers to understand the relationship between the boiler and gas consumption of the equipment, from the current point of view, it is a wide range of applications and there are many types, and also one of the main keywords of the website in important product, so there is necessary to conduct a comprehensive knowledge and understanding, so as to know how to correctly and reasonable use of the product, and at the same time, there is a good use of effects in the use of the product. 1. How can the afterburner boiler to understand? Afterburning boiler is understood, one can be understood as a waste heat boiler, waste heat boiler because the band is divided into afterburner means and without afterburner means two; two is considered to be carried out at temperatures not meet the needs of a supplementary device, to supplement the heat to meet the temperature requirement. So, specifically how to understand, but also the actual situation, to decide it. 2. Are there different boilers burning different method? Boiler, which there are many types, such as coal-fired boiler, gas boiler, boiler methanol, the electric boiler, and different kinds which are different corresponding to different media, and firing method. So, we can draw the conclusion that the answer to this question is yes. And even the same kind of boiler, if it is different manufacturers, then, will have different firing methods, so that the boiler burning method, which is also associated with two boiler types and manufacturers. 3. Check before use 35tph condensing fired steam boilers Is it important? Steam boiler inspection before use, from a professional point of view, this is an important work, and can not be sloppy treat, but also need to know the specific content of the work. Its work on the content is as follows: the internal parts of the boiler inspection, such as pipes, pressure gauges and water level tables, etc. These, are intact and can be used normally. Also check to see if the water used in the boiler through a softening process is clean and clean, can not contain impurities, dirt and grease. 4. different boiler manufacturers, boiler air consumption the same? Boilers different manufacturers, then, boiler air consumption is not the same, but can not be exactly the same, but the difference is not great. On the considerations to take into account air source heat this one. Generally, the heat value of natural gas is 35 MJ / m, and the boiler gas consumption per ton of 70-80 m3 can be estimated, so that air consumption of the boiler is half a ton of 35-40 m3 / hr.
Contrast gas 35tph condensing fired steam boiler and gas steam boiler? Which is more cost-effective? There are new users will ask gas steam boiler and gas steam boiler which is more cost-effective in a number of economic operation? Believed to be ready to buy a steam boiler of every business relationship or personally, with you today, I will work together to analyze these two boilers in operating costs to do a comparison. First, the first point to analyze procurement costs: Because gas steam boiler in the annex above techniques and configurations to be clear leadership and gas steam boiler, gas steam boiler supporting a dedicated burner, a burner just put the cost price opened, so that the same tonnage of steam boilers, steam boilers high gas prices than gas steam boiler more. The second point to analyze construction costs: The costs mainly from the boiler room, boiler tubes of steam investment funds. In which the gas steam boiler because more appropriate auxiliary equipment, so in the boiler room construction funds to be more. There is a gas steam boiler automatic control operation, and automatic alarm and automatic protection function. Connected to the gas pipeline, the burner will automatically supply costs can effectively save staff. Gas-fired steam boiler because of the need of coal on the program, so in terms of personnel expenses wage will be larger. The third point to analyze the environmental cost: major review means that now more stringent gas steam boiler. The gas steam boiler due to the operation of the economy, environmental protection and energy saving, as well as government policy to encourage more and more widely used. The fourth point to analyze fuel costs: gas steam boiler will be much higher than the steam boilers in gas fuels. After analyzing the above four points of view than the gas steam boiler Gas steam boiler in order to save more on operating costs, but gas steam boiler environmental protection, now increased pollution than gas steam boiler in environmental protection in recent years so the state more stringent control of environmental pollution, so in accordance with the requirements of environmental protection point of view has an advantage gas steam boiler.
Gas Fired Boiler In Textile Industry Kupang. wns series horizontal oil gas fired steam boiler Water Tube ZG Produce two types of horizontal oil fired boilers, one is WNS series, the other is oil fired steam boiler capacity is 1-35 ton per hour, and horizontal oil fired hot water Horizontal 8 ton gas fired steam boilers can be widely used in textile industry, animal feed mill 5 ton oilGet A Quote
What is a Condensing Gas Boiler? boilers, including the only American-made atmospheric gas boiler, the ES2, with 85% AFUE, and high efficiency oil-fired boilers. Traditional vs. Condensing Gas Boilers. U.S. Boiler Company is a leading manufacturer of home heating equipment, water boilers, steam boilers, hot water heaters, radiatorsGet A Quote
2019-4-8 · In general, 5MW gas fired boiler is used in bath center, hotel, hospital, school, building officers and other applications to produce hot water. Indonesia customer recently sent an inquiry about 5MW gas fired boiler price to us. WNS fire tube gas fired boiler is an ideal choice for the 5MW boiler in Indonesia.Get A Quote
China High Pressure Coal Fired Boiler Amritsar. gas steam boilers in nairobi Industrial Boiler. 2018-2-24 · Boiler Product Line includes packaged boilers, fireEstablished in 2008, Romiter Group has been in boiler equipment field for more than ten years, Romiter Machinery is a high and Steam Boiler, Hot Water Boiler, Thermal Oil Boiler, Steam Cleaning Huazheng Special Boiler providesGet A Quote
coal fired superheated steam boiler - culinarium. Aug 02, 2018· Coal Fired Steam Boiler One Atmosphere Boiler superheated steam boiler features patented InstaSteam technology, allowing for rapid startup times, unparalleled efficiencies and up to Gas Fired Boiler Specification Bharat Heavy 2013-8-27 · EPD BANGALORE Purchase Specification For 1 Ton Gas Fired BoilerGet A Quote
Gas Fired Condensing Steam Boile. Gas condensing boilers A gas-fired condensing boiler is one of the most economical and clean ways to generate heat and can significantly reduce your monthly Learn More. Condensing Gas Fired Steam Boiler,Ustrial Electric Steam [email protected] > Get A Quote >Get A Quote
I will give you an example, so you can take this as reference and calculate fuel required for any capacity of Boiler for any fuel. Boiler Capacity - 1000 kg/hr Steam Pressure - 10.5 kg/cm2(g) Steam Temperature - 185.5 Deg c (Saturated Steam)- YouGet A Quote
2019-12-24 · Gas-fired steam boiler with pressure of 8 kg and 10 tons What is the gas consumption of the gas boiler Quotation for Gas Boilers for Heating in 10 High-rise 170,000 sqm Residential Areas Which is the lower cost coal-fired steam boiler or gas-fired steam boiler Transformation of 20 Ton Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler into Gas BoilerGet A Quote
17 Ton


text: Mnyundo Primary School Mnyundo Primary School - the challenges Mnyundo was one of the worst performing schools in the Mtwara area – its particularly remote location creates additional challenges such as extremely poor access, lack of clean water (closest pump is several kilometres away), high levels of preventable sanitation-related illness, poor teacher retention due to neglected facilities and a shortage of even the most basic resources. High drop out rates When we first visited Mnyundo Primary School in 2011 there were only 236 children enrolled but we were aware that many more children living in the area who should have been attending – many had dropped-out due to the appalling facilities. British and Foreign School Society - school renovation Thanks to funding from the British and Foreign School Society EdUKaid was able to completely transform the school environment - repairing and decorating classrooms, repainting blackboards, renovating latrines, installing rainwater harvesting and supplying much needed furniture. We have also provided capacity building activities for teachers and trained the local community to maintain the school long-term. As a result, attendance has improved, enrollment increased and children are performing better in school. Mnyundo Primary School is a fantastic example of how an improved environment combined with capacity building activities can significantly improve educational outcomes. Do you feel passionate about children and education? Please donate now and make education a reality for them too.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Bitter melon is a fruit that grows abundantly in Asia, Africa and the Caribbean. Traditionally it has been used to treat diabetes and other more mild diseases or illnesses.
More recently, bitter melon juice was shown to kill pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in mice in a study done by the University of Colorado. Considering the results were seen in both in vitro and in vivo tests, the effectiveness of bitter melon juice in treating pancreatic cancer, and potentially other cancers, at a clinical level are promising.
"IHC analyses of MiaPaCa-2 xenografts showed that BMJ(Bitter Melon Juice) also inhibits proliferation, induces apoptosis and activates AMPK (adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase) in vivo. Overall, BMJ exerts strong anticancer efficacy against human pancreatic carcinoma cells, both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting its clinical usefulness."
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most difficult cancers to treat due to the fact that it is often discovered late, leaving very little time to treat. Since traditional therapies (chemotherapy, radiation, surgery etc) were not showing promising results and littler advancement was being made, researchers have been looking elsewhere to find treatment.
Interestingly, cannabis, specifically cannabinoids, have been shown to induce apoptic (programmed) death of human pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and stop pancreatic tumor growth in vivo. Cannabis is perhaps one of the most popular treatments being aggressively pursued right now given its promising results both in labs and anecdotally.
Many cancerous tumors have insulin receptors which move glucose to cancer cells helping them to grow and divide. Studies have shown that insulin encourages pancreatic cancer cells to grow in a dose dependant manner, since bitter melon has been shown to help regulate insulin levels, this could help prevent pancreatic cancer over the long-term.
The Colorado University study was led by Dr. Rajesh Agarwal. They examined effects of bitter melon on 4 different lines of pancreatic cancer cells (in vitro) and in mice. For the in vivo studies, mice were injected with pancreatic tumor cells and were randomly divided into one of two groups. One group of mice received water, which was the control group, and the other group was given bitter melon juice for six weeks.
Researchers studied the tumors at the end of the study and results showed that bitter melon juice not only inhibited cancer cell proliferation but also induced apoptosis (programmed cell death). Compared to the control, tumor growth was inhibited by 60% in the treatment group and there were no signs of toxicity or negative effects on the body. With toxicity and negative effects being a huge role in traditional mainstream treatments, this was positive to see.
A number of clinical studies have been conducted to evaluate the efficacy of bitter melon for treating diabetes. Since it is believed that diabetes is a precursor for pancreatic cancer, researchers felt bitter melon could treat diabetes as well after seeing pancreatic cancer results.
In 2011, results of a four week long clinical trial were published in the Journal of Ethnopharmacology that showed modest hypoglycemic effects and significant fructosamine management for those taking 2000mg/day of bitter melon.
As published by the study: "Bitter melon had a modest hypoglycemic effect and significantly reduced fructosamine levels from baseline among patients with type 2 diabetes who received 2,000 mg/day. However, the hypoglycemic effect of bitter melon was less than metformin 1,000 mg/day."
Another study published in 2008 in the international journal Chemistry and Biology indicated that compounds in bitter melon improved glycemic control, helped cells uptake glucose and improved overall glucose tolerance. This study was done in mice and led to promising advancements in treating diabetes and obesity with bitter melon.
In contrast, a study published in the Journal of Clinical Epidemiology in 2007 did not show significant benefit of the treatment of diabetes by bitter melon but 2 years later in the British Journal of Nutrition it was stated that "more, better-designed and clinical trials are required to confirm the fruit's role in diabetes treatment."
Since that 2007 study, more studies have been done to show beneficial effects which perhaps was a result of better design.
When it comes to bitter melon juice, the current research available is showing strong results for specific types of cancer cell destruction, diabetes treatment and potential prevention of pancreatic cancer. Further research and clinical trials would be helpful to better understand how effective this plant can be and in what specific cases. It remains a very promising option that could be explored under the correct supervision.
Other Uses of Bitter Melon
Bitter melon has been used as a traditional medicine for a long time. It has been used to treat: colic, fever, burns, chronic cough, painful menstruation and skin conditions


text:
Destruction of the North China Craton
Archean cartons are commonly underlain by a cold, thick (>200 km), isotopically enriched, and compositionally refractory lithospheric keel, and represent some of the most stable regions on our planet.
However, the North China Craton (NCC), an old continental geological structure dating back 4.0 Ga, is underlain by a thin lithosphere (
This concept has now been widely accepted and has contributed to our understanding of the processes of intraplate magmatism generation and ore-forming, and of continental evolution in general. In 2006, Chinese earth scientists sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) embarked on a major research program entitled "The Destruction of the North China Craton". Over the past six years, they have carried out a comprehensive study covering the geology, geophysics, and geochemistry of the NCC with a global perspective using the "natural laboratory research" scientific model. A summary of recent developments and outcomes, taking the same title of the NSFC's major research program, was published in Science China, Earth Sciences, 2012, Vol. 55(10).
The scientists focused on important scientific issues relating to NCC destruction including the spatio-temporal distribution of the NCC, the structure of the deep earth and thermal-tectonic-fluid processes, correlation between the surface geology and cratonic destruction, processes and mechanisms, and the role of cratonic destruction in global geological and continental evolution. Using mobile seismic stations and in-situ isotope tracer technology, they obtained high-resolution, large-scale and multi-attribute observations, and collected and analyzed a huge amount of data. Interdisciplinary approaches based on the observations and experimental data have resulted in new evidence and insights into the destruction of the NCC and its implications for near-surface resources and global continent evolution.
Mesozoic and Cenozoic mantle-derived rocks and the peridotite xenoliths entrained in them were sampled throughout the NCC for petrological and geochemical investigations that used newly developed tracers of radiogenic isotopes (Hf and Os) and non-traditional stable isotopes (Li, Mg and Fe). These studies led to new insights into the properties of the Phanerozoic lithospheric mantle beneath the craton and the processes that modified these properties. The sub-continental lithospheric mantle of the late Mezozoic was found to be rich in water while that of the Cenozoic was highly deficient in water. It was found that the lithosphere of the NCC had thinned substantially since the Mesozoic and had undergone a significant change in composition from a refractory cratonic lithospheric mantle before the thinning to a relatively fertile "oceanic" mantle after its thinning, while during the decratonization the composition of the lithospheric mantle was very heterogeneous. It has been demonstrated that this compositional change was caused by peridotite–melt interaction. This evidence and the results of Li-Fe-Mg isotope studies infer that the reactive melts are crustal melts originating from deep continental subduction or from recycled oceanic crust and mantle-derived silicate and carbonatite melts from the asthenosphere. The formation of these melts was related to the subduction of circum-craton plates, in particular the continental Yangtze plate and the Pacific plate.
Exploring the role of craton destruction within the framework of global continental evolution, it is necessary to understand not only the nature of the lithosphere and its modification processes, but also the dynamic and tectonic system that caused craton destruction. The crust and upper mantle structures pose important constraints on the tectonic elements affecting the NCC. Since 2000, a total of 975 stations equipped with portable broadband seismometers for recording temporal data have been deployed in the NCC with an average spacing of about 10 km. Additionally, three wide-angle reflection/refraction profiles totaling 3400 km were recorded. A survey using ocean bottom seismometers (OBSs) and portable land seismometers was carried out in the Bohai region where crustal and mantle structures were studied in unprecedented detail. Significant spatial heterogeneity was observed in the NCC lithospheric thickness and crustal structure, placing constraints on the extent of the NCC destruction. This structural variance in the lithosphere indicates that parts of the NCC, especially to the east of Taihang Mountains, experienced significant destruction of the lithospheric mantle. Data relating to the upper mantle structure and the anisotropy pattern provide evidence of dynamic interactions among the subducting slab, cratonic root, and the ambient mantle beneath the NCC. These systems suggest that the destruction of the craton was dominated by the interaction between the lithospheric mantle and the asthenosphere mantle controlled by the Pacific subduction.
The surface expression of the NCC destruction includes extensional structures whereas the deep processes associated with the NCC destruction involved lithospheric transformation and thinning, as revealed by mantleand crust-derived magmatism. The consistency between the magmatism peak period (130 Ma) and the formation ages of the metamorphic core complexes, which correspond to a period of intense extension, suggests a close linkage between the deep process and the shallow geology. The correlation between the shallow extensional activities and the Late Jurassic and Paleogene magmatism also demonstrates a close temporal-spatial relationship. The correlation between the magmatism and the surface geological response confirms that the evolution of the shallow geological features was governed by the cratonic destruction processes.
The geodynamic factor that triggered the destruction of the NCC is important to our understanding of the formation and destruction of the cratonic lithosphere in the global plate tectonic system. The findings of the NCC research project emphasizes the role of the westward subduction of the Pacific plate based on the observations of the upper mantle velocity structures, episodes of late Mesozoic magmatism, Cenozoic basaltic evolutionary trends, and subducted slab components associated with Mesozoic-Cenozoic mafic magmas. In particular, the dehydration of the subducted paleo-Pacific Plate released significant amounts of water into the overriding lithospheric mantle beneath the eastern NCC. This lowered the viscosity of the lithosphere significantly and the continental lithosphere in this region was severely weakened, which facilitated its convective removal by the underlying asthenosphere and the ultimate destruction of the NCC. Such a process is reminiscent of North America where the formation of the Cordillera belt and the partial destruction of the North American craton were related to the eastward subduction of the Farallon plate. In this sense, the craton destruction was a result of the tectonic activity of the plate margins.
The main outcomes of this study have important implications for the relationship between craton destruction and plate tectonics. Compared with typical cratons worldwide, although lithospheric thinning occurs in many other cratons, only some of them are accompanied by craton destruction. It appears that a craton that loses its lithospheric keel because of mantle pluming may preserve its inherent cratonic features. Craton destruction seems to take place only in cratons severely affected by oceanic subduction. Validating this generalization will require further studies and understanding of the physical-chemical processes that occur in the lithosphere-asthenosphere interface during the process of craton destruction.
The implementation of the NSFC's major research program on Cratonic Destruction realized multi-discipline integration of geology, geophysics, and geochemistry, provided opportunities for many young scientists, and provided a platform for promoting the contribution of Chinese earth scientists in the international community of geosciences.
See the article: Zhu R X, Xu Y G, Zhu G, et al. Destruction of the North China Craton. Sci China Earth Sci, 2012, 55: 1565, doi: 10.1007/s11430-_PHONE_-y
Contact: ZHU RiXiang
Yan Bei | EurekAlert!


text:
The cassava plant from which tapioca is made.
- a starchy, granular substance prepared from the root of the cassava plant, used to make puddings, thicken soups, etc.
- pudding made from this substance
Origin of tapiocaPortuguese and amp; Spanish ; from Tupí and amp; Guaraní typyoca ; from tipi, dregs + ok, to squeeze out
- A starch made from cassava roots, usually processed as beads or flakes and used for puddings and as a thickening agent in cooking.
- A dish, especially a pudding, made from this starch.
Origin of tapiocaPortuguese, from Tupí typióca : ty, juice + pyá, heart + oca, to remove.
(countable and uncountable, plural tapiocas)


Teaching Tip 13: Checking Together
 1. It's a good idea to let the students check their answers together before feeding back to the teacher because it gives them the chance to rub out/cross out any glaring errors before the teacher sees and thus avoid looking stupid in front of the class.
 2. If a student hasn't a clue about some of the answers it's reassuring to find out that their partner hasn't the foggiest either. The students realise they are not alone. They can also copy their partners answers (if their partner has some that they don't) but their partner might not be right!
 3. Peer teaching is considered a good thing in the world of EFL. Peers are equals. So in this case a students peers are a student's fellow classmates. Working together and checking work together is a form of peer teaching. This means that instead of the know-it-all (and/or) mother-tongue teacher always teaching them, the students can teach each other (by explaining grammar points, correcting pronunciation, explaining new words and phrases etc). The beauty of it is that the students are all equal to each other and are in the same boat, linguistically speaking.
« Back Next »
© Liz Regan 2003


Women prefer dominant-looking men and are more likely to have extramarital affairs around the time of ovulation, research has shown. Now, a University of Liverpool study suggests that men sense this. Men whose partners were in their most fertile monthly phases rated images of classic masculine faces—stronger jawlines, thinner lips, smaller eyes—as more dominant than did men whose partners were not ovulating or were on the Pill (which suppresses ovulation). Researcher Robert P. Burriss says that evolution has primed men to be jealous of rivals when the risk is greatest—a helpful defense, since chronic jealousy could "endanger their relationships."


By Tooth And Claw Dragons
The Pegasus
General Information;
A race of winged horses, split into multiple regional variants. They come in a variety of colors, and their body types can be anywhere from more heavy draft breeds, to the light and airy warmbloods depending on what type they are. Each variant has its own appearance, culture, and abilities.
Name:: Pegasi
Average Lifespan:: Immortal
Average Height:: 14 hands
Average Weight:: 1 ton
Location Found:: Abroad.
Abnormal Wings Those born with insectoid wings (dragonfly, bee, or butterfly) or leathery, webbed wings (bat, dragon) are considered ill omens and are banished from the herd to roam on their own. None know what causes a foal to be born with such wings, but it is believed to be an odd mutation, one to be avoided. It is not uncommon for some mothers to kill their mutant young before they are discovered - or to abandon them to their own fate, often as prey for various predators.
On occasion, some horses are born with stubs, undersized, or malformed wings. While not considered an omen like abnormal wings, they are often ridiculed and discriminated against, and are cast out for being unable to keep up with the rest of the herd's more aerial inclinations.
Flight All pegasi have lightweight, hollow bones much like a bird. In addition to this, they have innate magic that allows them to fly without great hindrance, for even with their lighter bones, they would be unable to fly otherwise. Any pegasus born without this magic will not be able to do more than glide short distances, and will never be able to fly properly on their own.
Desert Pegasidesert grasses, sedge, and acacia leaves.
Forest/Jungle Pegasigrasses, ferns, and flowering plants of many kinds; most narrow-leafed flora.
Grassland Pegasitall, thick grasses such as bermuda, bluegrass, and cordgrass.
Mountain/Sky Pegasimountain grasses and shrubs; most commonly wheatgrass, fescue, and rye.
Desert Pegasidates and woody shrubs.
Forest/Jungle Pegasibroad-leafed plants and woody shrubs.
Grassland Pegasibroad-leafed plants and tree leaves.
Mountain/Sky Pegasiconiferous pine needles, woody shrubs.
Desert Pegasicacti, hard-shelled fruit; bones.
Forest/Jungle Pegasibark and dead leaf litter; dead flora in general.
Grassland Pegasibark and dead grasses.
Mountain/Sky Pegasibark, dead leaf litter, shed pine needles and pinecones.
Pegasi are largely herbivorous, very nearly obligate herbivores, though some may border on omnivorous tendencies. They are grazing animals, and will gravitate towards narrow-leaf plants - such as grasses - in whatever area they dwell within. Desert pegasi, dwelling in arid regions without a lot of flora, are able to eat more varied things and consume less calories than most of their cousin variants. Forest and jungle pegasi have the largest selection of food available, and find flowers a particular delicacy. Grassland pegasi feed on grass almost specifically excepting in the winter months, where they may transition to less favored foods. Mountain and sky pegasi are very grass-focused, but have been known to eat shrubbery and tree bark in times of great need.
None of the pegasi subspecies differ in overall diet.
Species info credited to Verridith and JPG.
In-Depth Information;
Appearance All pegasi are equine in basic shape, with large, flightworthy wings. Usually, these wings are feathered in appearance, and may be found in various shapes befitting their particular variant. Information on the regional variants may be found below.
Desert: Found primarily in Ristell's desertlands - almost specifically in Arcadia - and possessed of delicate builds and large, tapered wings. They typically have dished faces, large and expressive eyes, and flaring nostrils for better air intake. Most carry their heads and tails high, and have arched necks, with beautiful plumage - some of which may be found in their manes and tails, or between their wings down their backs. They can come in any color natural or unnatural, though their wings and other feathers are commonly bright and flashy in color.
Forest: Forest pegasi are mediumto large-sized with a long manes and tails and large soaring wings. Those that are of forest bloodlines may have fans of tail feathers, and long trailing feathers decorated in bright accent colors. They usually range lighter in hue, with darker eyes; dilution genes (such as palomino, cremello, perlino, etc), and the greying gene, is very common, as is true white. Their wings and feathers are commonly neutral and natural in color with brighter markings.
Grassland: Leggy and built for speed, grassland pegasi are tall, narrow creatures with sharp wings and long tail fans. These plains-dwelling pegasi also have the propensity to be commonly born with multiple sets of wings, though these are not always functional. They may come in any color, though natural hues are found most often - as are wings and feathers with darker markings than their base.
Jungle: Pegasi of light build and elliptical wings, extravagant feathers, and beautiful features. These equines enjoy most of all decorating themselves both with things they have crafted and other trinkets bought from other species, and may commonly be found sporting everything from flower necklaces to strings of beads and gemstones that cover their entire bodies. Their wings are short and are not built for long flight, but they are incredibly agile, especially in their rainforest home. This variant has the brightest of colors and markings, vibrant beyond all others.
Mountain: The pegasi of the mountains are are large, drafty equines with sharp horns, feathered* hooves, and broad soaring wings. They are the tallest and strongest of the pegasi variants, and commonly dwell around the tree-line of their mountainous homes. Mountain pegasi can be found in any color, natural or unnatural, and have any possible marking; however, they have also been found to adapt thick, heavy winter coats at extremely high elevations.
* not actual feathers, but long fur around the hoof!
Sky: Thin and wiry, sky pegasi are those possessed of the largest wings, which commonly have an active soaring wing shape, similar to large birds of prey. They may glide and soar for hours at a time, and can be seen commonly floating on the air currents in the high terrain of their homes. Most sky pegasi can be found in unnatural colors, with the most common being blues, silvers, and whites. They share some territory with mountain pegasi, and thus hybrids between the two are common.
Culture Pegasi are traditionally very social animals; most live in herds of various sizes, and do not shy from visiting herds from other regional variants. They are often quite nomadic, and will travel within their usual regions all throughout the year. These herds enjoy each other's company, and will tell one another of the things they have seen in other parts of the world. Hybrids between variants are relatively common, and will stay with whatever variant they most resemble when of age.
In addition to trading news, stories, items, and other things in these visits, herds of different variants may hold friendly contests with one another. Each of these events varies by what herd hosts it, and by what region it is held in.
Cultural details for each herd can be found below.
Desert: Desert pegasi live in small herds amid the desert sands; they are hardy and adventurous, noble and proud. These herds are led by a powerful mare and stallion jointly, who uphold laws of honor over their kin. Challenges and contests of overland speed are common, and many of these are shared on the sands of their desert homeland. Other variants often look down upon desert pegasi for their competitions involving running, and not flying - but desert herds tend to scoff at this viewpoint, as pegasi of other variants have a difficult time moving across the sands.
Forest: Haughty and aloof, pegasi herds that dwell in the forest are small and incredibly resistant to change. While they enjoy mingling with other herds, interbreeding with other variants is frowned upon, as is much of what could be considered different and new. They often believe that their kind were the first pegasi to grace the Realms, and no amount of arguing can sway any forest herd from this belief. When hosting challenges, these often have to do with things only those that dwell in the forest are good at - such as flying between close-growing trees, gathering various types of fruit, hiding in the thick foliage, etc. They pride themselves on being able to live in such close confines, while still demanding an imposing presence in the skies.
Grassland: Carefree and friendly, grassland pegasi dwell in large herds that roam the plains of multiple Realms. They are one of the most easy-going of the winged tribes, and are outgoing to others no matter the species. These herds often detest violence, and do not condone war even to defend themselves - justice is commonly solved with the exile of the perpetrator and little else. Those contests they do hold involve races low across the rolling hills, with their hooves brushing the grass - any who flies higher is disqualified, gaining the


NengoDL allows Keras models to be integrated directly into a NengoDL network, through the use of nengo_dl.TensorNode (see this example). However, rather than keeping a model defined in Keras/TensorFlow, sometimes we may want to convert it to a native Nengo model (composed only of Nengo objects, such as nengo.Ensemble and nengo.Connection). One reason we might want to do this is if we want to be able to run the model on different Nengo backends. Keras models can only run in the NengoDL Simulator, but a native Nengo model can run in any Nengo Simulator (including backends for specialized neuromorphic hardware). Another reason we might want to convert a Keras model to a Nengo network is so that we can use Nengo's spiking neuron types rather than the standard Keras/TensorFlow activation functions.
Whatever the motivation, the nengo_dl.Converter tool is designed to automate the translation from Keras to Nengo as much as possible. To use it, simply instantiate a Keras model and then pass it to the Converter:
inp = tf.keras.Input(shape=(28, 28, 3))
conv = tf.keras.layers.Conv2D(filters=32, kernel_size=3, activation=tf.nn.relu)(inp)
flat = tf.keras.layers.Flatten()(conv)
dense = tf.keras.layers.Dense(units=10, activation=tf.nn.relu)(flat)
model = tf.keras.Model(inputs=inp, outputs=dense)
converter = nengo_dl.Converter(model)
The Converter object will have a.net attribute which is the converted Nengo network. This can then be passed to a Nengo Simulator. For example, we could run that converted Keras network in the standard Nengo (not NengoDL) Simulator:
with nengo.Simulator( as sim:
The converter also has.inputs and.outputs attributes which can be used to look up the Nengo Nodes/Probes corresponding to the Keras model inputs/outputs. For example, to see the output of the converted network:
nengo_dl.Converter has many options that control different aspects of the conversion process. For example, we could change all the tf.nn.relu activation functions in the Keras model to spiking neurons:
converter = nengo_dl.Converter(
 model, swap_activations={tf.nn.relu: nengo.SpikingRectifiedLinear()})
We will not go into all the available options here; see the API docs for more details.
Keep in mind that the Converter is designed to automate the translation process as much as possible, but it will not work for all possible Keras networks. In general, the Converter will fall back to using TensorNodes for any elements that cannot be converted to native Nengo objects (set allow_fallback=False if you would like this to be an error instead). The Converter.verify function can be used to check that the output of the Nengo network matches the output of the Keras model.
Extending the converter
Since we know that it will not be possible to automatically translate all possible Keras models, the Converter has been designed to be easily extensible. So if you have a model containing elements that the Converter does not know how to translate, you can augment the Converter with custom conversion logic.
For example, suppose we have a model containing a custom Keras layer:
class AddOne(tf.keras.layers.Layer):
 def call(self, inputs):
 return inputs + 1
inp = tf.keras.Input(shape=(1,))
dense = tf.keras.layers.Dense(units=10)(inp)
addone = AddOne()(dense)
model = tf.keras.Model(inputs=inp, outputs=addone)
Converter would fail to convert this model to native Nengo objects, since it does not know how to translate the AddOne layer:
converter = nengo_dl.Converter(model, allow_fallback=False)
Traceback (most recent call last):
TypeError: Unable to convert layer add_one to native Nengo objects
We could set allow_fallback=True to use a TensorNode to implement the AddOne layer, but suppose we want to use native Nengo objects instead. We need to make a custom nengo_dl.converter.LayerConverter subclass, which contains the logic for translating an AddOne layer. Note that this may require some knowledge of how Keras layers work under the hood, which is not extensively documented. Your best bet may be to look at the existing LayerConverter classes to find a similar Layer type to start from.
As an example, here is how we might translate the AddOne layer:
class ConvertAddOne(nengo_dl.converter.LayerConverter):
 def convert(self, node_id):
 # create a Nengo object representing the output of this layer node
 output = self.add_nengo_obj(node_id)
 # connect up the input of the layer node
 self.add_connection(node_id, output)
 # create a node to output a constant 1 vector
 bias = nengo.Node([1] * output.size_in)
 # connect up the bias node to the output (thereby adding one to the
 # input values)
 conn = nengo.Connection(bias, output, synapse=None)
 # mark the above connection as non-trainable (since we didn't have any
 # trainable parameters in the AddOne layer, we don't want any in the
 # converted Nengo equivalent either)
 self.set_trainable(conn, False)
 return output
And now if we try to convert the original Keras model, we can see that it is successfully transformed into a native Nengo network:
converter = nengo_dl.Converter(model, allow_fallback=False)
assert converter.verify()


text:
SeaScraper iceberg-like structures helps filter ocean water and collect waste
Our oceans today are being ridden with waste, particularly plastic and non-degradable materials taking to the sea. This in turn proves treacherous for the eco-system and marine life and destroys both gradually, having an adverse effect on the environment. Behold the SeaScraper, an architectural brainchild designed to keep our water bodies clean. Structured like icebergs, these are largely submerged beneath the surface of the sea and use three separate zones to collect waste including a dedicated waste collection unit, recycling and energy recovery facilities in the middle and housing/recreational estates above sea level! An innovative way to clean up our oceans that could pretty much prove to be extremely practical if built sustainably, these SeaScrapers could do the eco-system a huge favor if they're ever turned into a reality.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
The Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute for Child & Family Development (MPSI) works to improve the development, health and well-being of infants, children, youth, and their families across the lifespan, through research, education and outreach.
Our mission is to:
Conduct research focusing on urban populations at increased risk due to community, environmental, biomedical, psychosocial and other challenges
Translate research into policy and practice that directly improve the lives of urban children and families
Promote interdisciplinary research in developmental sciences across Wayne State University – bridging schools, departments, disciplines and individuals
Provide challenging undergraduate, graduate and post-doctoral research training in child and family development
Engage the community through public outreach, professional development, publications, and educational activities for the common good
The Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute Graduate Student Organization (MPSI GSO) is a formal student organization registered with and recognized by Wayne State University. GSO's bylaws, established in 2015, state that the organization's purpose is:
To represent the interests of Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute (MPSI) trainees and fellows to the MPSI faculty
To provide a conduit for exchange of information between the MPSI faculty and the MPSI trainees and fellows
To invite and host at least one speaker during the academic year who has been identified by the MPSI GSO members
To contribute to and create new opportunities for participating in the intellectual activities of MPSI
"The direction in which education starts a man will determine his future in life."
MPSI Graduate Student Organization
Supporting the development of collaborative
& interdisciplinary research
What is MPSI?
What is the MPSI GSO?
What exactly do MPSI students DO?
We present at conferences
We publish in scientific journals
We learn from distinguished research mentors
We have FUN!
The transformative learning experiences at Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute are designed to help students grow both in and out of the classroom. Established in Detroit in 1920 as the Merrill-Palmer School, today's Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute remains dedicated to improving the well-being of children and families. Our passionate and skilled students are making an impact on the world. Explore this site to learn more about our exciting research.


text:
Staff welfare - Germany
The social protection in Germany is carried out through the individual branches of the social insurance: statutory medical, healthcare, pension, unemployment and accident insurance. The legal basis is provided by the Social Security Code (Sozialgesetzbuch) and the specific Acts.
The Social Security Code:
Entry into the social security system is via the medical insurance scheme. In Germany, statutory sickness insurance and private medical insurance exist side by side. Statutory medical insurance funds are obliged to accept all applicants, whereas private insurers may also turn them down. It is not always possible to switch between a private and a statutory medical insurance scheme. Self-employed people can choose between voluntary, statutory or private medical insurance. The healthcare reform of 1 January 2009 made insurance compulsory for all residents in Germany.
Employees are insured by statutory accident insurance against accidents at work and occupational illnesses; the providers of statutory accident insurance are the industrial and agricultural employers' liability insurance associations (Berufsgenossenschaften) and public-sector accident insurance providers. The members of the employers' liability insurance associations are the companies themselves. Employees themselves are required to help prevent accidents.
The 'General Equal Treatment Act' outlaws discrimination on the grounds of race or ethnic origin, gender, religion or belief system, disability, age or sexual identity.
Health and safety at work
The Labour Protection Act [Arbeitsschutzgesetz] of 21 August 1996, which is the main basis for occupational health and safety in Germany, obliges the employer to provide a suitable labour protection organisation and to carry out a risk assessment, i.e. to assess the working conditions in the company from the point of view of labour aspects. In addition to this national labour protection, there are also accident insurance providers in Germany (a 'dual system'). According to § 14 of the seventh part of the Social Security Code (SGB VII), accident insurance providers have to use all appropriate means to prevent accidents at work, commuting accidents, occupational illnesses and work-related health risks. The protection of young workers is regulated by the Act Protecting Young People in Employment [Jugendarbeitsschutzgesetz]. Rules on working hours are contained in the Working Time Act [Arbeitszeitgesetz].
When workers are posted to Germany, 'The Employee Posting Act' has to be applied. It obliges the employer to provide certain mandatory labour conditions for their employees for the duration of the secondment at the relevant place of employment in Germany. The Act requires both employers based in Germany and those based abroad to comply with certain legal provisions on working conditions. Working conditions agreed through collective agreements may additionally be laid down for certain industries listed in the Act and made binding by a declaration of their generally binding nature or a legal regulation. These must then be complied with by both employers based in Germany and those based abroad.
Mandatory social rules complete the requirements related to managing staff.
Businesses are free to go beyond the minimum social legal requirements at their own initiative.
Social security system
Employers are required to pay contributions for pension, medical, unemployment and care insurance for employees. The German pension fund [Deutsche Rentenversicherung] checks this every four years.
Employers must also enroll their staff on the medical insurance scheme; this in turn handles registration with unemployment and pension insurance schemes. Everyone insured for pension insurance receives a social security ID. In some branches the ID always has to be carried along (e.g. construction industry, catering industry). The employer has to advise the employee at the outset whether the social security ID has to be carried.
The various providers (pension insurance companies, sickness insurance and care schemes, and for Accident insurance are the industrial and agricultural employers' liability insurance associations and public-sector accident insurance providers).
The Data Collection and Transmission Act of data for providers of social insurance determines the manner in which the data of employees relevant to social insurance are collected and sent to the appropriate insurers. It also contains regulations on the mandatory electronic procedure on employers reporting notices and their proof of contributions.
Check also the legislation on this topic in:


text:
I'd like to expand on volkerjaan's answer. I am Asperger myself. I know what
;-( mean (though I know
^^ only as see above). I don't necessarily understand when people are using them. I do understand their origins, and I suspect that is what the question boils down to.
To explain what they mean:
:-) — person feels happy
:-( — person feels sad
;-) — person is joking
To follow the conversation, it is not needed to understand the meaning. It is enough to know the meaning. In my interpretation, understanding is related to why. As an Asperger, the ability for abstraction is often different from those in neurotypicals. So I would explain it as follows.
Emoticon explanation for Asperger
When we draw a face, we like to simplify things. For example, sometimes we draw only a circle with dots for the eyes, and a line for the mouth. For example, from the Wikipedia article on smiley:
This represents a face in an abstract way. The face is happy, because the edges of the mouth are turned upward. Of course, a real face looks very different. However, this is an abstract representation of a happy face. For an unhappy face, the edges of the mouth would go down.
When we are on IRC, or in another text-only medium, we do not use pictures. Therefore, we need to make drawings in a different way. One way to make drawings on IRC is by using characters normally used for other things. This is what we do when we use emoticons.
A emoticon is a sideways drawing of a face. To see it in the correct orientation, turn your head to the left, so that you see the
: or the
; on top, the
- in the middle and the
( at the bottom.
:-), when turned side-ways, we see three parts: first the
:, then the
-, and finally the
: represents the eyes. They are two black dots (depending on your viewer) like in the picture of the smiley below.
- represents the nose. The nose is not shown in the smiley before. Sometimes, it is not shown in emoticons either, and people write
:) instead of
:-). People are lazy~
) represents the mouth. Like in the smiley above, the edges of the mouth are turned upward. This means happy.
:-(, the first two parts are the same:
: are the eyes and
- is the nose. The third character is different:
( in this smiley represents again the mouth, but now the edges of the mouth are turned downward. This is a representation of being sad.
The third emoticon is
;-). It is again similar to the first one,
:-), but now the first character is different.
- Remember how
: represented the eyes. In this case,
; represents the eyes, but with a wink. The
; consists of something that looks like
. and something that looks like
. is the open eye and the
, represents the closed eye. This is strange: why is the closed eye larger than the open eye? It should be the other way around! Yes, it should. Even if it is wrong, people use
; when they mean: two eyes, one of the two is closed. When one of the two eyes is closed, it is a wink.
People use the wink when they mean I am joking.
There are many other emoticons, but those are the most used ones. There is a list on Wikipedia. This lists the meanings, but it does not explain any of them. I don't know if there is a website anywhere with explanations. Sometimes, you just need to accept what it means, without understanding them. But I hope that my description above explains the most common ones.


Being single is not good, even for fruit trees
Dear O That Sherry Readers:
I grow things with the intention to eat them.
hsiehwithyou-fruit tree
The Hard Truth
Being single is not good for reproduction, even for fruit trees.
In order for trees to develop fruit, flowers need to be pollinated. The process of pollination is the transfer of pollen from a male part of a plant to a female part of the plant (pistil) so that fertilization can take place within the flower and grow into a fruit.
In the plant world, there are two kinds of flowering plants: monoecious and dioecious. The former has male and female flowers, which allows pollination with only one tree. The latter has either male or female flowers and therefore requires at least two trees. This is the primary difference between self-fruitful and self-unfruitful trees.
Some, like apples and pears, are self-unfruitful and need at least two of their kind but not of the same variety to cross-pollinate—such as Honeycrisp and Fuji (apples), and Bartlett and Anjou (pears). Having a different variety is key for fruit production because most self-unfruitful trees are self-incompatible, that is they do not produce fruit when pollinated from a flower of the same tree or another tree of the same variety.
The Good News
Not all fruit trees require two trees to ensure a fruit crop. Some are self-fruitful and can produce fruit when planted alone. However, even for these self-sufficient, self-fruitful varieties such as apricots, nectarines, and peaches, they can benefit from cross-pollination. When planted alone, these self-fruitful trees produce a small amount of fruit. They will bear more fruit when planted with another variety.
My apple and pear trees may never produce fruit because my garden is too small to accommodate more trees. Alas, too healthy of an appetite, so petty plot of land. But I suppose my inner result-driven gardener may find comfort in mono no aware and take joy instead in the beautiful blossoms.
Leave a Reply


Planning to hire a virtual employee? Not so fast!
Posted on: December 7, 2017 by
Software robots are in many ways equivalent to human workers. They can do many things people can do. They can login into applications, read and write and do even complex processing of data. Yet they are vastly dissimilar. They need to be taught the work step by step. They cannot cope with exceptional situations without guidance like people can. In the other hand, they have better memory capabilities and they usually do not forget to execute a task. You could call a software robot a virtual employee. As with hiring a person, you need to also consider several things before proceeding to hire a robot (buying a robot license).
The Robot Should Not Be Idle
A robot does not sleep. It does not take breaks and it does not go on a skiing trips on the Alps, unless you instruct it to do so. It works day and night, on the weekends, during Christmas and every day in the month, if you instruct it to do so. This means that the robot has over 700 hours of working time each month. This brings us to the first consideration: do you have enough work for the robot? This should be examined thoroughly before making the hiring decision. Luckily, there are already experiences and methods how to do this.
Create a Strategy
The second consideration is about the aim of hiring a robot: what do you want to achieve with your new virtual employee? Do you want to cut cost? Are there more valuable tasks that you need to release your other employees to execute? Do you want to increase the quality of your products by removing the human error? Will the robot be used to otherwise raise your operational excellence? Many times the goal of the robot is to cut costs and other goals are not even considered. But what if you could in stead increase your revenue by providing more quality goods or better service for your customers to buy? It would be healthy to build a strategy for utilizing the virtual employees.
Required Capabilities
When you are hiring actual employees, you usually think about the skills, capabilities and experience candidates. The same applies to robots. There are different kinds of robots and they come with different brands and capabilities. This is the third consideration: what kind of robot to choose? First of all, there are several software robot suppliers in the market. The market leaders (by Forrester) are Automation Anywhere, Blueprism and UIPath. These three already differ from each other in their approach: how the robots are instructed, how the robots are controlled and how open the framework is. There are also differences on the salary model of the robot, the licensing. The tools also have pros and cons when evaluated against your process and IT landscape; the result most likely differs in other environments.
Organizing Differently
You can also think about the management of these virtual employees: will you manage them yourself or will you outsource that task? If you manage them yourself, in what part of the organization will they reside? IT department could be the obvious choice, but it could well be also the different business units or even an own separate unit! Or then you could outsource that separate unit completely. Many digital services vendors, like Atos, have the full capability to offer this service to you. This is the fourth thing to consider when hiring a virtual employee.
Of course there are many more considerations to be done like
 - is my organization mature enough to employ robots?
 - will my organization resist virtual coworkers (the fear of losing jobs)?
 - are my processes ready to be handed out to be run by robots?
 - what are the tasks that are still better handled by people?
The bottom line is that you should not hire a software robot just because your competitor has one or it is the hype of the moment. But the truth is also that these robots are coming and not hiring them in the long run would mean competitive disadvantage. Ultimately, you need to hire them, but take your time to evaluate, consult the experts, experiment, create the strategy and then execute on larger extent.
Share this blog article


What Materials Can a Plasma Cutter Cut?
When plasma cutting was developed in the 1960s, it revolutionized how metal plates were cut. Before then, fabricators relied on metal-on-metal cutting and oxy-fuel cutting, two processes that create a lot of sparks and debris, which pose a safety hazard to personnel. Plasma cutting greatly reduces sparks and metal shavings, making it a safer process, and also produces cleaner edges with no burn marks on the material.
How Plasma Cutting Works
Plasma cutters shoot an electrical arc through compressed air, ionizing the air with an increased flow of electrons and generating a flame that is powerful enough to slice through metal. In fact, the flame is so strong that it literally melts the material, creating a smooth edge that has a polished appearance and feel.
What Can a Plasma Cutter Cut Through?
Because plasma cutters use high-velocity ionized gas to create a flame, they can cut any electrically conductive metal. Examples include:
 - Mild steel
 - Stainless steel
 - Carbon steel
 - Expanded steel
 - Aluminum
 - Copper
 - Brass
 - Other ferrous (iron-containing) and non-ferrous materials
Heavy-duty plasma cutters can process metal plates ranging in size from 1 millimeter to 1 inch. Anything larger would require a more powerful plasma cutting machine.
What Can a Plasma Cutter Not Cut?
Is plasma cutting a catchall solution for any type of fabrication? No. Because the material must be electrically conductive to react to the ionized gas coming from the torch, non-conductive materials cannot be processed with plasma cutting. For instance, plasma cutters cannot cut wood, glass, and plastics, or poorly conductive metals like manganese, lead, tungsten, and tin.
Benefits of Plasma CNC Machines
Some heavy-duty plasma cutters feature computer numerical control (CNC) technology. This advanced software allows a fabricator to upload a given profile or shape, which will then be processed entirely by the machine. Automated operations can provide many benefits, including minimizing cutting mistakes, reducing labor costs, and streamlining production.
Choosing the Right Plasma CNC Machine for Your Shop
Due to their powerful cutting technology and automated controls, CNC plasma cutting tables can be used for numerous applications, from shaping parts for custom cars to processing oversized materials for shipbuilding. Finding the right plasma CNC machine for your shop depends on what materials you specialize in and how often you'll be using the burn table. You'll want an extra-powerful model if you mass produce your parts and run the machine throughout the day, whereas a less powerful table can handle occasional and short cutting sessions. A good rule to follow is to choose a CNC plasma cutter that can process twice the thickness of the materials you work with.
The Leading Manufacturer of Custom CNC Plasma Cutting Tables
Finding the right plasma cutter for your custom fabrication shop is easy when you partner with Machitech. We are masters at automation and manufacture heavy-duty CNC plasma cutters that are fit for nearly any type of fabrication. And all of our solutions come with free and unlimited support for life. Get started by contacting Machitech today.


text:
Glossary of Korean Cooking Terms and Ingredients
Definition and translation of Namul
Translation of the Korean word "cha" into English
Translation of Pojangmacha
Definition of Pojangmacha in Korean
Definition and translation of Hwe in Korean food
Definition and translation of Daenjang in Korean food
Definition and translation of Gogi
Definition of Anju in Korean food
Definition of Jun in Korean food
Definition and translation of banchan, Korean side dishes.
Definition and translation of Korean kimchi, one of the most important parts of Korean cuisine.
Definition and Translation of Dubu in Korean food, a soft beancurd which is also known as Tofu in the West
Definition and Description of Korean kaenipperilla leaves, also used in Japanese (shiso) and Vietnamese cooking.
Translation and Definition of Namul.
Translation of Gui as used in Korean cooking.
Bap or Bop
Translation of Bap
Definition of Korean kochukaru.
Definition for Korean kochujang.
Definition of Chigae (Korean stew)


Shooting scripts: Plan your film production.
Whether it's for a Hollywood motion picture or just a short video, a shooting script is essential to filmmaking. Learn how to use one to ensure quality work.
A video crew prepping a professional video production set
The purpose of a shooting script.
A shooting script is a key piece in the production of a motion picture. It's a version of a screenplay that includes detailed cinematography instructions laid out in the order that they'll be needed, such as certain camera shots, props, and locations. A shooting script is like a combination of a screenplay and a shot list.
It's one thing to have an amazing story in place for your film, but a whole other set of information is needed for the production team to work together to realize that vision. "Teams have to be coordinated," says writer and director Sam Roden. "I think that's the main reason you have a shooting script."
"It sets out a plan for how you'll actually get the elements that you need to tell the story," says videographer David Albright. "You're looking for specific types of shots for the angles you want to get."
The filmmaking journey from spec script to screenplay.
To explore a new story they'd like to tell, whether for an established show or for a new film idea, a screenwriter might write what's called a spec script, a script they're not being paid to write. If the project is approved or bought, the spec script enters the next screenwriting phase, in which the story is edited into the final screenplay.
And from screenplay to shooting script.
While a normal script or screenplay follows the narrative of the film, a shooting script is a whole new document adjusted to serve the needs of the production team throughout principal photography. It's organized to follow the shooting schedule rather than the chronological story. For logistical and budgetary reasons, you'll want to film certain scenes together even if they're out of sync with the order of the narrative. And a shooting script provides the plan for exactly what to shoot when.
If you have a story that takes place in a house, then at a park, then at a school, then at the park again, and then back at the house, you want to capture all of the house scenes back to back. That way, sets and lighting don't have to be taken down and then reconstructed again and again.
"Particularly if you have to deal with exteriors and uncontrollable natural light, you have to cater your day to when you need to be in different places," explains digital producer Matt Monnin. "So a lot of thought goes into planning. And in bigger shoots, you use union talent and union crews. You pay people to be there, and you want to use them effectively."
A director reviewing notes and a preview screen on a production set
How to create a shooting script.
"To take a project from a screenplay to a shooting script is to continue to do the creative work," says Roden. "The main point is to go through your script ridiculously carefully and make sure that there's clarity on what you'll do. And if any questions come up, those go through the director and cinematographer. It's really about making sure everything's well thought out before you show up to the shoot."
The following steps are typically necessary to develop a shooting script:
1. Storyboard it: Create storyboards of the screenplay to help establish a visual style for your project.
2. Make a shot list: The director and cinematographer go through the screenplay and create a detailed list of every shot necessary for the production. The production director or AD (assistant director) decides the shooting order for everything.
3. Add every detail: Once a shot plan is created, everyone on your team, including the production designer, prop master, and costume designer, goes through the shooting script to make sure every piece of information needed to capture each shot is included.
Two production workers reviewing people's profiles in a wardrobe room
What details to include in your shooting script.
Formatting is ultimately up to you and depends on what works best for your team or production company. If you use screenwriting software, it may have a shooting script template you can use. Most likely, you'll want to create a spreadsheet-style layout with a header row that labels each column of information. The information you include depends on the needs of your team but may include the following:
 - Scene numbers: These are important to ensure every scene gets covered and will come in especially handy when editing starts. To break down smaller scenes within a scene, use the alphabet (e.g., Scene 1a, 1b, 1c, etc.).
 - Camera shots: Include how many and which camera angles to use in each scene, what types of shots are needed (close-ups, medium shots, over-the-shoulder shots, POV shots, etc.), and any special information needed for those shots, such as lighting directions.
 - What to film: Describe what's to be shown in each shot, including the character names, what actions will occur, what objects or B-roll should be captured in each setting, and any desired acting notes.
 - Sets and props: Name the location for each shot, list any special props or set decor involved, and make note of key costuming details.
 - Special effects and stunts: Describe any stunts, special effects, or transitions that will occur during the filming or editing (fade-ins, cross dissolves, abrupt changes where you'll cut to the next scene, etc.) and any special considerations needed to allow them to happen.
Editing systems for shooting scripts.
Big productions for feature films or television use a color-coded system for making edits. Since revisions will occur throughout the pre-production and production phases, this is a great way to make sure everyone knows where certain scenes are in the revision process. Pages will be printed on nine different colored papers to signify which stage of revision they're in, and if there are more revisions, the color cycle repeats.
1. White: Unrevised.
2. Blue: First revision.
3. Pink: Second revision.
4. Yellow: Third revision.
5. Green: Fourth revision.
6. Goldenrod: Fifth revision.
7. Buff: Sixth revision.
8. Salmon: Seventh revision.
9. Cherry: Eighth revision.
Go from shooting script to polished project.
A detailed shooting script will help your shoot run smoothly because it's like a blueprint for building your vision. Everyone on the production team can reference the shooting script as a source of truth for each day's activities. And there's no one this document is more important to than the script supervisor or whoever is in charge of checking that everything has been captured.
Use your shooting script to take notes as you film.
A script supervisor performs a key role when it comes to ushering the footage you get into its final form as a well-edited video or film. Even if you aren't working on a big-budget production, it's crucial to have someone perform this role. The script supervisor keeps an eye on what's being shot, looks out for continuity issues with wardrobe and other items, and takes notes on the script as the shoot moves along.
Your script supervisor makes sure that each shot that's needed is captured in a satisfactory way. And they keep notes about which takes have the best versions of certain lines or which scenes might require "pickups," or reshoots, to blend one take into another.
"When I served that role, I would record notes like, 'Take three was better than take two, but we need a pickup because they screwed up this one word. So we're going to use take three with take four as a pickup starting at this point," says Monnin. "You note all of that as you go to make sure that not only did you capture it, but you captured a good, usable version of it."
A video editor editing a video in Adobe Premiere Pro while reviewing production notes
Edit your footage with your shooting script.
Thorough notes and a solid shooting script will make for a more streamlined editing process. As you or your editor cut together your footage in post-processing software like Adobe Premiere Pro, you can reference the correct narrative order using scene numbers. Then you can use the script supervisor's notes to know which takes of each shot might be best.
Even if you're a first-time filmmaker without a full production team, you can benefit from the use of a shooting script to organize your project.
"Some people think, 'Oh, you just go shoot and then take what you get and turn it into something.' But it doesn't work that way," says Albright. "You have to pick a focus ahead of time and figure out what you need to do to build your story before you start."
Do more with Adobe Premiere Pro.
You might also be interested in…
Aerial cityscape establishing shot image.
What is an Establishing Shot?
Video collage of B-roll footage
B roll.
Video monitor for a camera
Video production.
Person records the sound of short heels walking on glass
Discover the hidden world of Foley sound effects.
Get Adobe Premiere Pro
Create flawless productions with the industry-leading video editing software.
7 days free, then SR 90.48/mo.


Conference Proceedings
State Joining and Splitting for the Symbolic Execution of Binaries
TA HANSEN, P SCHACHTE, H SONDERGAARD, S Bensalem (ed.), DA Peled (ed.)
Lecture Notes in Computer Science: Runtime Verification | Springer Berlin Heidelberg | Published : 2009
Symbolic execution can be used to explore the possible run-time states of a program. It makes use of a concept of "state" where a variable's value has been replaced by an expression that gives the value as a function of program input. Additionally, a state can be equipped with a summary of control-flow history: a "path constraint" keeps track of the class of inputs that would have caused the same flow of control. But even simple programs can have trillions of paths, so a path-by-path analysis is impractical. We investigate a "state joining" approach to making symbolic execution more practical and describe the challenges of applying state joining to the analysis of unmodified Linux x86 execut..
View full abstract


text:
F-1 and J-1 dependents are defined as a spouse of opposite gender and/or an unmarried child under the age of 21.
Due to current federal immigration law, same-sex partners/spouses of F1/J1 students are not eligible for dependent status.
Parents, housekeepers and child care providers do not qualify as dependents and they must come to the US on tourist visas.
In order to bring a dependent to stay with you in the US the following information must be provided for each dependent.
- Family name in passport
- Given name in passport
- City of Birth
- Country of Birth
- Country of Citizenship
- Date of Birth (mm/dd/yyyy)
- Readable copy of passport biographical page
- Relationship to you: spouse or child
- Proof of marriage in original language with an English translation if not already in English
- Birth certificate or adoption certificate listing you as the parent/legal guardian of child
You must also provide evidence of financial support for each dependent.
- $800 per month for the 1st dependent
- $400 per month for each additional dependent
This funding must be above and beyond what you are using for your own expenses.
F-2 dependent restrictions:
- May enter the US with or after the F-1 student, but not before.
- Cannot work.
- Must have their I-20 form each time they travel outside the US.
- Cannot be admitted or enrolled as a full time degree seeking student. Only classes that are recreational in nature are allowed. This means part-time study for personal interest, such as cooking or tennis. (A child in F-2 status may attend K-12 schools. They must apply for an F-1 to enroll in college)
- Can only remain on F-2 status as long as the F-1 maintains his/her status.
J-2 dependent restrictions:
- May enter the US with or after the J-1 student/scholar but not before.
- J-2's can apply for work permission from USCS as long as the employment is not for the purpose of supporting the J-1.
- Must have their DS-2019 form each time they travel outside the US.
- May study full or part time.
- Can only remain in J-2 status as long as the J-1 maintains his/her status.
Dependents will need to apply for an F-2/J-2 visa at a US consulate/embassy abroad before entering the US. They will NOT need to pay the SEVIS fee.


text:
A Local Biodiversity Action Plan (LBAP) for Pembrokeshire was first published in 2000 following UK guidance. The original plan contained detailed information on the biodiversity of Pembrokeshire including habitat descriptions. It also contained 7 Habitat and 23 Species Action Plans. An additional 4 Habitats and 9 Species Action Plans have been published since 2000 as part of a rolling programme. Many actions from these plans have been delivered by individuals, organisations, and through partnership working.
The main function of the Pembrokeshire LBAP continues to be:-
To provide a framework within which existing and new actions are co-ordinated to conserve and enhance biodiversity in Pembrokeshire, taking account of local and national priorities.
Further to the publication of the previous plan there have been several developments and new guidance made available which have led to the requirement for a full review of the Pembrokeshire LBAP to reflect these developments.
The revised Pembrokeshire Local Biodiversity Action Plan is split into 2 volumes:
Volume 1: 'Introduction to the LBAP'
This provides a brief background to biodiversity in Pembrokeshire and the role of the Pembrokeshire Biodiversity Partnership. It also includes information on the priority habitats and species in Pembrokeshire.
Volume 2: Biodiversity Action Plans for Pembrokeshire
This provides a status report for all priority habitats and species in Pembrokeshire, (where known). It also contains targets and actions for the generic, grouped habitat and species plans prepared so far. Lead organisations/individuals have been identified to implement the actions set out in the plans. The successful implementation of these actions will require the continuation of working in partnership with local communities, industry, commerce and individuals.
The action plans are only available in an electronic format as they are dynamic documents which will be amended periodically and contain reports on actions delivered. These plans are available to download from the BARS website (opens new window).
A to Z of Services|
Tourism and Leisure|


text:
Scientific Critique of "Osmosis Jones" Essay
Scientific Critique of "Osmosis Jones"
The 2001 film, _"Osmosis Jones"_, focuses on the representation of the human organism and the daily conflicts a body faces in order to maintain function. The film _"Osmosis Jones"_ is a film that tries to capture the attention of children ages eight to fourteen, by exposing the mechanisms of the human body. It is able to reveal the dangers of maintaining an unhealthy diet and some of the consequences that are associated by doing so. The film illustrates that bacteria and viruses are found freely in the environment and that one must be cautious with the substances which one chooses to ingest into one's organism. "Osmosis Jones" is a film that tries to engage children's imagination and curiosity of the human body through comedy and animation. It uses biological analogies to teach and explain many of the main functions of the human systems. Although sometimes rather vaguely and with a few misconceptions, the film touches upon human internal systems such as the immune system, the central nervous system, the circulatory system and the digestive system.
TRUE REPRESENTATION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
Throughout the film "_Osmosis Jones_", the immune system is the one which is predominant throughout the entire film. Osmosis Jones, the "protagonist" of the film, is a representation of a white blood cell who with the help of a cold pill named Dricobenzometapetramine, "Drix", work together to destroy a dangerous virus. Throughout the film, the immune system is shown responsible for combating against bacteria, infections and viruses such as the antagonist of the film, Thrax also known as "La Muerte Roja"; a virus commonly caused by the Bacillus Anthracis bacteria. White blood cells or leukocytes defend the body against infectious disease and foreign materials; in the film they are represented as the police officers of the body, the FPD.
Most often medication that is taken to combat the common cold works alongside the immune system to soothe symptoms and get rid of viruses. Drixanol, is a medication that is portrayed to be an antihistamine that helps relieve symptoms of the common cold such as sore throats and runny noses by combating off the natural histamine. Histamine triggers the inflammatory response as an immune response to foreign pathogens. The film "_Osmosis Jones_" uses numerous amounts of analogies that represent functions of various organs. The lymph nodes of the human body are compared to a police station where foreign particles are trapped and restrained from entering the circulatory system. Much like in the film, white blood cells are found within the lymph nodes and play an important part of the immune system.
MISCONCEPTIONS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
The film "Osmosis Jones" captures the attention of the children by animating a rebellious police officer who does not follow instructions and who fights off bacteria with his "gun" however, a white blood cell's defensive mechanism does not work the way the film portrays it. A white blood cell uses a process called phagocytosis where it surrounds a bacterium and eventually engulfs it and uses digestive enzymes to break it down. Not only does the film portray this error, but in reality, a white blood cell has a "life span" of only three to four days on average. Unlike Osmosis Jones, white blood cells do not have relatives like "Granpappy Osmosis" for the reason that white blood cells are produced within the bone marrow of an individual. White blood cells do not reproduce through the process of mitosis which contradicts what Leah, a character which Osmosis Jones shows great interest for, says about him being a cell the reproduces with himself.
IMPROVEMENTS FOR THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
To make the immune system of a human body more realistic, the film "_Osmosis Jones"_ could have made some improvements, improvements that would better educate the film's viewers. Instead of showing Osmosis Jones fighting off bacteria with a weapon, they could have shown Osmosis Jones going through the process of phagocytosis. This would allow the viewers to have a more accurate visualization and representation of how the immune system combats against infection.
In addition to this, they could have shown other cells such as B-cells and helper and killer T-cells; cells that play a great role in an individual's immune system. In the film "_Osmosis Jones_", B-cells could have been shown secreting antibodies while helper and killer T-cells could work alongside the white blood cells. Furthermore, Drix should have been an antibiotic for the reason that a cold pill focuses on relieving cold systems such as sore throats or runny noses while an antibiotic is able to kill bacteria and prevent it from reproducing.
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
TRUE REPRESENTATION OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Throughout the film, the central nervous system was represented as the controlling centre of the body. The mayor's office was located within the brain and had the ability to control the entire body. The hypothalamus, shown to be located in the center of the brain (in Thrax's brain model), is correctly shown throughout the film as well. As mentioned several times, the hypothalamus is responsible for controlling body temperature and hence forth, the central nervous system is responsible for maintain homeostasis throughout the body. In the film when the brain sent out signals throughout the body, the signals where shown as electricity running down wires. This analogy is actually quite accurate for the reason that nerve signals require electrical gradients to travel across the body.
MISCONCEPTIONS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Several misconceptions and flaws were seen throughout the film dealing with the central nervous system. Throughout the film the hypothalamus is only shown as the place where temperature is controlled but in reality the hypothalamus has much to do with the endocrine system as well. Nerve cells in the hypothalamus control the pituitary gland by producing chemicals that either stimulate or suppress hormone secretions from the anterior and posterior pituitary. Many of these chemical hormone secretions have great effects throughout the body as well as help maintain homeostasis. Another misconception that is seen in the film is when Thrax takes a DNA "bead" and due to the disturbance in the DNA the body temperature begins to increase. However, it is known that body temperature increases as a defense mechanism. When the body recognizes a foreign substance, body temperature increases in order to denature or coagulate the foreign bacteria.
IMPROVEMENTS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
There are several improvements that could be considered for the representation of the central nervous system. Firstly, Thrax can be shown as a character who inserts his own DNA to disrupt his host cells' DNA. Therefore, through transcription and translation replicas of this modified genetic information will disrupt other cells which could eventually include the hypothalamus cells. Furthermore to expand upon educational purposes, a reflex arc could have been demonstrated by Frank burning his hand. Specialized receptors in the hand would send signals through exocytosis to neurotransmitters which would then go through receptor mediated endocytosis to specialised neurons. This sensory information would then be transmitted to the spinal cord which would cause interneurons to pass the message to motor neurons and from here causing the muscle to contract.
TRUE REPRESENTATION OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
In the film "_Osmosis Jones_", the circulatory system is represented as large "highways" that allow organisms and substances to travel to different parts of the body. The film portrays a true representation of arteries and veins, which like in most text books are represented through the colours red and blue respectively. Arteries are portrayed as red because they carry oxygenated blood cells away from the heart and to other important organs. Veins however are represented blue because they bring back deoxygenated blood to the heart in order to be oxidized once again.
Even though these colours are often used to distinguish the two, blood is always red however; oxygenated blood is often a brighter red while deoxygenated blood is often more of a reddish brown colour. In addition, the kidneys where shown as true representations of blood filtration. In order for a substance to exit the body, it must have a "ticket" meaning that it must be processed before exiting the body through urination.
MISCONCEPTIONS OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
A great flaw and misconception that was seen in the film "_Osmosis Jones_" in respects to the circulatory system was that the arteries and veins were depicted as flat surfaces that just lead to other organs. However it is known that arteries and veins are somewhat tubular and liquids as well as nutrients and wastes travel through the circulatory system. Not only did the film disregard the shape of veins and arteries but it also failed to mention the plasma that makes roughly 90% of an individual's blood.
IMPROVEMENTS OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
To improve the realistic aspect of the circulatory system within a human body, arteries, veins and arterioles must be depicted as round and tubular tunnels. This would further allow the audience to understand how red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma all flow throughout the body. In addition plasma should be shown in greater concentration for the reason that the majority of nutrients such as sugars, proteins, fats and sodium are imbedded within the plasma. Furthermore, Frank's unhealthy life style could be shown through the narrowing if of veins and arteries due to plaque buildup. This could further emphasize the importance of a well-bal


text:
Ingredients and Myths
Why is corn in certain products?
Corn is an excellent ingredient because of the benefits it brings to the product. Corn is a highly nutritious ingredient chosen as a source of protein (for muscle and tissue growth), carbohydrates (for energy), fiber, antioxidants (Beta-carotene, Vitamin E, Lutein) and linoleic acid - an essential fatty acid that promotes healthy skin and a luxurious coat.
Hill's uses grades 1 and 2 corn for our pet foods, which are the grades traditionally used for human food products.
While some individuals are concerned about allergies in pets, corn is NOT a common cause of adverse food reactions in pets. Studies have shown that corn causes no more food allergies than any other grain.
Most grains, including corn, are poorly digested before they are cooked. Once cooked, however, they become highly digestible. Corn is also highly digestible, higher than several other grains such as rice, wheat, barley and sorghum.
Some consumers are concerned that corn may be a filler. Fillers offer no nutritional value whatsoever. Corn, as mentioned above, is a superb source of nutrients.
We choose all of our ingredients for the nutritional value they contribute to each product we make.
Why does Hill's use by-products in their foods?
By-products are common ingredients found in both human and pet food. In fact Vitamin E, gelatin, beef bouillon, beef liver and vegetable oils are all by-products. In many countries, "by-products" are very desirable human foods.
Chicken by-product meal is a high quality, concentrated source of protein. We use it due to its low ash (phosphorus) content. It is also very palatable. This ingredient consists of ground, rendered, wholesome parts of the chicken. It includes white meat, dark meat, liver and viscera. The chickens are sourced from human grade processing plants.
Meat by-products consist of the non-rendered, clean parts, other than meat from slaughtered mammals. We specifically use beef or pork lungs, spleens, or livers in our products for consistency and optimal nutrient profile.
The truth about meat
Some individuals believe that meat-based foods are more natural and thus better. However, meat is not the only protein source. For example, corn gluten meal and eggs offer high quality protein, too. High meat diets are usually excessive in calcium, sodium and phosphorus which are not appropriate for older pets. Hill's is committed to the highest nutritional standards and has always made decisions purely based on nutrition, not on trends or fads, for more than 50 years.
Higher protein levels do not mean that a food is of higher quality. After the protein / amino acid requirements are met, additional protein provides no additional benefits. In fact, excess dietary protein can even be problematic for dogs and cats, especially when they get older. Protein intake needs to be carefully monitored.
Sometimes consumers question if dogs are carnivores. Dogs are omnivores by nature. They use both meat and plant-based nutrition. Dog food should have a balance of nutrients, not just protein, but also fats, carbohydrates, fiber, etc.
Hill's believes consumers should focus on complete and balanced nutrition for their pet first instead of meat first.
What is meant by a "natural, organic, holistic or human grade" pet food?
According to the American Association of Feed Control Officials (AAFCO), the term "natural" requires a pet food to consist of only natural ingredients without chemical alterations; except for added vitamins and minerals.
The term "organic" was legally defined for human foods by the USDA. While final rules have not yet been made, pet food companies can currently use the term "organic" if they follow the same rules as applied to human foods. Foods that are "100% organic" or "organic" will carry the USDA Organic Seal on the package. Currently Hill's does not offer an "organic" pet food product.
Natural and organic are not interchangeable terms.
"Holistic" has no legal definition. There is no regulation defining what the word holistic means with regard to pet foods.
The term "human grade" was determined to be misleading by AAFCO. The use of "human grade" or "human quality" is not allowed in pet food marketing unless the food is made in a human food approved plant.
Why is fiber added to some pet foods?
Fiber is a complex carbohydrate. The primary function and benefit of adequate dietary fiber are to increase bulk and water in the intestinal contents to help promote and regulate normal bowel functions.
There are 2 types of fiber, soluble and insoluble. Soluble fiber is seen in ingredients like wheat, rice and corn. Insoluble fiber is seen in cellulose and may be used to replace fat in a pet food and thus decrease the calorie content of the food. Foods high in insoluble fiber are also appropriate for weight control or reduction by promoting a sense of fullness without adding calories. Fiber is not a filler. Fillers offer no nutritional value whatsoever.
Does Hill's use peanuts or peanut products in their pet foods?
No, Hill's does not currently produce pet foods using peanuts or peanut products.


text:
If desserts are not present in the meal, it seems incomplete. Desserts are the most important part of parties and gatherings. They are used after the meal, also known as sweet dish.
Carrot Halva is the most common example of halva dessert. It is made in every home of Pakistan and is cooked from carrots, milk, eggs and sugar. It is prepared in less than an hour and is tastiest of all the halva.
Ice creams can also be used as dessert in summers as it is cold and sweet. Every person likes an ice cream. There are home-made ice creams that can be easily prepared from fresh fruits and milk. The freezing takes a long time that is one day and one whole night.
Other dessert types are gulab jaman, mango sorbet, coconut burfi, custard, kheer and many more. Strawberry jelly delight is also one of the most common examples of common deserts in which fresh strawberries are used and so is a healthy dish.
The KhanaPakana.com site for Desserts and Baking section is the best place to find outstanding recipes and advice for the making and baking the traditional and non-traditional pakistan, indian and south asian desserts.


text:
- 11 July 2014
- WORKING PAPER SERIES - No. 1689Details
- This paper takes a financial market perspective in examining the relationship between oil prices, the US dollar and asset prices, and it exploits the heteroskedasticity for the identification of causality in a multifactor model. It finds a bidirectional causality between the US dollar and oil prices since the early 2000s. Moreover, both oil prices and the US dollar are significantly affected by changes in equity market returns and risk. By contrast, oil prices did not react to changes in these financial assets before 2001. The paper provides evidence that this may be explained by the increased use of oil as a financial asset over the past decade, which intensified the link between oil and other assets. The model can account well for the strong and rising negative correlation between oil prices and the US dollar since the early 2000s, with risk shocks and the financialisation process of oil prices explaining most of the strengthening of this correlation.
- JEL Code
- F30 : International Economics→International Finance→General
G15 : Financial Economics→General Financial Markets→International Financial Markets


text:
Child labour monitoring (CLM) is an evolving area of child labour work which is closely linked to enforcement of national child labour legislation. A wide range of child labour monitoring initiatives have been designed, implemented and tested as part of over ten years of ILO-IPEC's global work against child labour.
CLM first started in early 1990's in the manufacturing sector through IPEC projects in Bangladesh and Pakistan from which it expanded into other economic sectors, such as fishing (in Indonesia and Philippines) and agriculture (in Central America and Western Africa). Currently CLM initiatives can be found in all areas of IPEC intervention including the informal and illicit sectors. More recently, CLM has been integrated into the design of Time Bound Programmes.
The earlier child labour monitoring initiatives were developed as a response to international pressure on specific export industries and the main objective was the monitoring of workplaces. Two well-known examples of this are the Bangladesh garment industry (BGMEA) project starting in 1995 and the Sialkot soccer ball industry project in Pakistan starting in 1997. Both projects developed specific monitoring procedures and tools with monitoring carried out by professional and skilled workplace monitoring teams.
These initial experiences highlighted the importance of combining social protection with the monitoring activity at an early stage of the initiative, in order to provide viable alternatives for children withdrawn from work. With the Central America coffee and agriculture projects, the concept of "community-based monitoring" became more fully developed. Using local resource persons and awareness-raising approaches to mobilize communities, these projects began to demonstrate the capacity of non-traditional actors to monitor child labour. These and other child labour monitoring initiatives have contributed to the evolution of the concept of CLM over recent years. The focus has shifted from monitoring the industry to monitoring the child as s/he is removed from work and provided with social protection services. The attention has also moved from the "withdrawal" of children from work to a coordinated child protection effort involving the identification, referral, verification and tracking that targeted children are provided with satisfactory alternatives. Lastly a change has occurred from monitoring specific target sectors to an area-based approach to monitor all types of child labour in larger geographical areas.


From CIPedia
Revision as of 20:38, 22 January 2017 by Eluiijf (talk | contribs)
Jump to navigation Jump to search
European Definitions
CBRNE is an acronym which includes beside CBRN, explosive substances or events. [1]
National Definitions
Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear and Explosives (CBRNE): The expansion of the term CBRN to incorporate certain high-yield explosives (E) into the broader term CBRNE signifies the new reality of this threat due to the weaponization of hazardous and dangerous goods. [2]
Lyhenteet CBRNE ja CBRN tulevat englanninkielisistä sanoista chemical (kemiallinen), biological (biologinen), radiological (säteily), nuclear (ydin-) ja explosive (räjähtävä, räjähde). [3]
United Kingdom
A term used to describe Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear and Explosive materials. CBRNE terrorism is the actual or threatened dispersal of CBRN material (either on their own or in combination with each other or with explosives), with deliberate criminal, malicious or murderous intent. [4]
See also