Listening - Museums
Upper-Intermediate level
In this lesson, students listen to a conversation between two people about museums. The lesson starts with a discussion. This is followed by listening for gist, listening for specific information and a multiple matching. At the end of a class, there is free speaking activity.
Abc Whiteboard
Abc Overhead Projector
Abc Handout 3
Abc Handout 2
Abc Listening track 2
Abc Listening track 1
Main Aims
 - To provide gist, specific information and detailed listening practice using a text about a museum in London and particular places visited by people in the context of travel
Subsidiary Aims
 - To provide fluency speaking practice in a conversation in the context of travel and places worth visiting
Warmer/Lead-in/Pre-teach vocabulary (7-10 minutes) • To set lesson context and engage students
T projects visual on WB. Project questions on WB. Pre-teach vocabulary ( if there is any ) SS discuss. Do you like visiting museums? Why/Why not? Project questions on WB. Which of the following museums would you be most interested in visiting?
While-Reading/Listening #1 (12-12 minutes) • To provide students with less challenging gist and specific information reading/listening tasks
Do listening for gist. -SS are given a small HO. (Handout 1) -SS listen to the conversation between a girl who has just come out of London Dungeon and a man who is writing a report on London's tourist attractions. (3 min 37 sec) (listening track1) -SS tick which of the following are discussed. Sentences are not from the dialogue, paraphrased. -Peercheck. -Ask students how they know. Do listening for specific information. -SS are given HO / 10 sentences to complete (Handout 2) -SS listen to the conversation again and complete the sentences. (3 min 37 sec) -Peercheck (1min) -Project sentences on WB -Nominate students -SS write answers on WB.
SS do listening for detailed information. -SS are given a handout for the matching activity. ( Handout 3 ) Instructions: You will hear five people talking about why they visited or moved to a particular place. Choose the one that describes each speaker's experience. SS listen to the listening track ( listening track 2 )(4 min 11 sec) SS match as they listen. (silently) SS listen to the listening track to make a final decision. Peercheck. Project matching activity on WB. Nominate students. Ask student to justify Q1) Where did he go?(Sydney) Did he visit different places?(opera house, aquarium) Did he do almost everything? ( yes ) Q2) Where did she go?(NYC) How was her first day?(overwhelming) How was the city? (fast-paced) Q3) What did he do before he went to Mexico? (He handed his resignation) What was his plan? (to convince the professor to let him be part of the team) Did his plan work? (yes, the professor hired him.) What would have happened if the professor hadn't given him the job? (He would have quit his previous job for nothing) Q4)What's her job? (a writer) what was she doing at the lake? (swimming, fishing, taking photos) What seems to be her new talent? ( photographer ) Q5) What's his job? Does he like it? (Accountant/Boring) How long has he been working as an accountant? (10years) Where did he go on his month off? (Cousin's farm) What was he doing there? (milking the cows, feeding the pigs) Does he think it is easy to live in a farm? (yes)
Discuss with your partner. Have you ever visited or moved to a particular place? What was the reason? (personal reason or describe the place) Did you get what you expected? If you haven't visited; Where would you like to visit? Why? Feedback: Ask about the place peer has visited/ would like to visit.
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Nigerian banks asked to remove ATM's
April 16, 2009 • Hardware, Security
ATM_machine.jpgNigeria's central bank has commended the efforts of most Nigerian banks to reach the un-banked segment of its population through the deployment of Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) across the nation.
However, the Automated Teller Machines Director of Banking Operations, James Olekah, reminded banks that the deployment of the electronic gadgets in public places is beyond the mandate given to banks as stipulated in the policies guiding the operations of ATM Consortium (ATMC).
He noted that banks are competing with ATMC in its sole mandate of deploying ATMs in public places.
The CBN expressed concern at indiscriminate deployment of bank's ATMs in public places (particularly hotel lobbies and airports).
Consequently, banks are directed to restrict further deployment of ATMs to their premises and to withdraw bank ATMs in public places to their premises before June 30, 2009.
The CBN also officially made public its decision to begin the licensing process for an additional ATM Consortium with the sole mandate to deploy ATMs in public places thereby bringing to two the number of ATM consortia in the economy.
The ATMs have brought a new dimension to banking in Nigeria, making banking services and its delivery convenient and accessible. There is a growing demand for more ATMs across the country as the present distribution of bank ATMs are concentrated in Lagos and Abuja regions.
While bank customers are likely to feel the adverse effect of the withdrawal of bank's ATMs from public places, it is expected that the present policy would give the ATM consortia in the country a business environment conducive to profitable deployment of their resources.
Hence, the number of ATMs and Point of Sales (POS) systems available in the country is expected to increase significantly. This technological development is also likely to boost other sectors of the economy that rely on ATMs and POS as business electronic distribution channels and payment systems. Such prospective beneficiaries include the telecommunication (recharge code distribution) and lottery (ATM/POS lotteries) industries.
Related Posts
4 Responses to Nigerian banks asked to remove ATM's
 1. gun pos says:
 2. This article is an interesting and informative. Could you please send me the names of the present ATM Consortium in Nigeria.
 3. mmyk says:
 mmyk ; if the ATMc are unable to deploy these machines to where they are needed most -public placeslet the banks do it for them after-all what is important is accessing cash wherever and whenever and not some cabal in whatever names making monies from nigerians and giving them the height of inconvenience as if ATM AND POS are rocket science.
 4. Tunde says:
 It might sound nice, but ATMs are actually suppose to be at points where it will be convenient for the public to use. So if the banks decide to place at strategic points, so be it.
 These so called consortium, what will be their charges be? If it is above the normal bank charges, which is deducted once a month by the more sane banks, then its cool, but anything other than that, please let it be.
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text:
There are different reasons why animals may be killed. Many animals are killed as a food source for humans and this is the basis of many agricultural enterprises. In other instances animals used in agriculture may be killed because of culling, disease control measures, illness, injury, old age, or when they reach the end of their productive life.
It is essential that teachers discuss with students the ethics and responsibilities that humans have in both the life and death of animals.
Any animals that are slaughtered for food and then sold must be slaughtered and processed by an approved facility. Schools may not slaughter animals and then sell them as food. This includes poultry. The Meat Industry Act 1978 defines birds as abattoir animals.
The meat from animals that have been slaughtered in a registered processing facility may be returned to school packaged and ready for sale.
If justified by the school's curriculum, a few chickens may be slaughtered by the teacher (or other suitably trained person) and dressed to demonstrate livestock processing for food. The teacher, or other suitably trained person, may kill the chickens without the presence of students, prior to the commencement of the dressing activity.
Another example where it may be justified to kill an animal at school may arise because it is cruel for it to be kept alive. If that situation arises, killing may be performed only by persons competent in a recognised and approved method. There are preferred ways of killing particular species, and the most acceptable means should be used. If there is not a person who has the appropriate skill, then a veterinarian should be called.
The killing of any animal, in a school, must only be demonstrated to students in the following situations:
- To achieve an educational outcome as specified in the relevant curriculum or competency requirement, provided the teacher has written approval from the SACEC, or
- As part of veterinary clinical management of an animal, under the direction of a veterinarian.
Whatever the circumstances, the procedure used for killing an animal must avoid distress, be reliable, and produce rapid loss of consciousness without pain until death occurs. The procedure should minimise any impact on non-target animals. If possible, the animal must be unaware of danger before being killed.
There must be no disposal of the carcasses until death is established. The means of disposal of the carcass will depend on the species of animal and local government regulations.
When fertilised eggs are used, the method of disposal must ensure the death of the embryo. The holding of fertilised eggs over 10 days old with the intention of disposing of them prior to hatching is not permitted.
Except for the above, animals should not be killed in schools.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Italian Russian UK-English
Foreign Business Language Training
Filed under: Uncategorized — emitaliablog
Posted on December 1, 2010 @ 4:11 pm
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In business, the essential part of business is the language that is used as a medium of interaction. Not only does language play an important role in a business that runs locally in a country, but it is just as important when a company goes international because if there is more than one language spoken and written in a country, what more to say if the company goes global. Thus, it is essential to conduct a business language training course whether or not the company is operating within the country or outside the country.
Language training is usually given to new employees that have just joined a company. In most countries, the essential language training would be English as most medium of business is in English. For example, Shell which is a well known oil and gas international company which has invested a lot of funds in making sure that all their employees are proficient in the English language both conversational and written context of the language and are given top notch language training for it.
Of course most companies would use English as the main medium of instruction but there are companies that originally do not use English as a medium of instruction but their own mother tongue as a means of business. This bit of information holds true for companies that are from China that uses Mandarin or Cantonese, Canadian and French companies that uses the French language, North and South America that has companies using Spanish as medium of instruction.
Once you have come to know that you will be working with a company that needs you to learn a new language, it is smart to learn the language beforehand through a proper language course. This is important because not only does it show that you are hardworking where you initiated the learning by yourself without having the company to nag you to do so but it is an advantage for you once you arrive to that country. The upperhand of receiving a language course before you go to that country is that you will be able to talk to the natives, read documents and signs without hassle.
The more common business language training given to employees that are about to be relocated to another country would be with French or Spanish. For employees that are going to be transferred to Canada or the western African continent, French courses would usually be conducted. The reason that French courses are conducted is that French is the major language spoken throughout the countries within the area and learning it would ease the transition in getting used to the new language.
Besides that, Spanish lessons are usually given as a business language training when an employee has plans to be transferred to either North or South America or western Europe. Spanish is the first language in many of these countries and it would be helpful to go around the town knowing some of the language already.
If an employee wants to be rewarded with their hard work in their French courses and Spanish lessons, they can choose to sit for examinations that is internationally recognised. The international examination for a French course is known as DELF and DELE for the Spanish lessons.
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The Promise Short Answer Test - Answer Key
Buy The Promise Lesson Plans
1. What is the name of the narrator in the Introduction?
He is not yet named.
2. Where is the setting at the opening of the Introduction?
3. What sects have inhabited the narrator's neighborhood?
4. To what religion does the narrator's neighborhood belong?
5. Why has the population of the narrator's neighborhood grown rapidly by 1950?
People are escaping persecution in other countries.
6. What is one thing that is established in the narrator's neighborhood as it becomes more populous?
Educational institutions.
7. What does the narrator decide to do?
Go to rabbinical school.
(read all 180 Short Answer Questions and Answers)
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(approx. 16 pages at 300 words per page)
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text:
Sheep farming, an ancient and iconic institution in rural Wales, is coming under threat from a number of different angles.
Sheep-raising once dominated Britain's economy and played a significant role in the country's industrial development. In 1660, in fact, wool accounted for two-thirds of the nation's exports. While the wool industry has largely vanished from the landscape, lamb production remains a significant endeavor, particularly in Wales -- as recently as 2009, sheep accounted for almost one-fifth (19 percent) of Welsh agricultural output.
About 13,000 sheep farms still operate in Wales today, with about three times as many jobs related to raising of lambs.
On the whole, British sheep meat exports accounted for about 10 percent of global lamb trade.
In a report for the Nuffield Farming Scholarships Trust, Arwyn Owen -- farm manager at Hafod y Llan, which is owned by the National Trust, in North Wales -- noted that the climate and poor soil of Wales precluded the development of agricultural crops, but was ideal for livestock farming.
But now, dropping lamb prices, declining production, foreign competition, the euro zone financial crisis, rising feed costs, reduced government subsidies and global warming, among other issues, may conspire to endanger a lifestyle that has defined the Welsh culture and economy for centuries.
The Farmers Guardian newspaper reported that average lamb prices have dropped almost one-third over the past year, putting extreme pressure on Welsh sheep farmers.
"I understand the frustration the current situation is causing for producers, with many of the factors, such as the weather and exchange rates, clearly outside the control of the Welsh government," Deputy Agriculture Minister Alun Davies said. "While it is ultimately for the sheep industry to ensure it produces what the market requires, the Welsh government will provide increased support to help lamb producers achieve the efficiency and profitability we all agree is required."
Davies also said he had asked authorities to provide sheep farmers with technical assistance.
"These services are key to helping farmers drive down costs and deliver modern, thriving, profitable businesses," he said.
However, farming union officials warn that the danger is urgent -- that slipping prices will slash incomes by more than half for many Welsh sheep farmers.
Ed Bailey, president of the Welsh branch of the National Farmers Union (NFU-Cymru) said that while breeding flock has been increasing in recent years (after a loss of more than 1-million breeding ewes in Wales between 2001 and 2009), he is worried about the future.
"Despite the fact that I remain optimistic for the long-term prospects of the Welsh sheep industry, I am however concerned that recent events will make a number of producers consider their future plans," he told the Shropshire Star newspaper.
Wales also needs to find more export markets for its lamb as the appetite for mutton in Europe appears to be falling. The financial pinch on the continent, particularly France, one of the top markets for Welsh lamb, has also hurt the business.
One alternate possibility is China, which already accounts for a large portion of the global market.
Indeed, according to the U.N.'s Food and Agriculture Organization, nearly 80 percent of lamb produced in 2010 was consumed by the developing world, including China, which accounts for 30 percent of consumption.
Closer to home, a potential exit by the United Kingdom from the European Union, some speculate, could also doom the Welsh sheep industry.
The Daily Post newspaper reported that Emyr Jones, president of the Farmers' Union of Wales, warned that if Britain pulled out of the EU – which may be put to referendum by Prime Minister David Cameron's government -- it would drain some £500 million ($786 million) out of the British economy, requiring every sheep farmer in the country to generate an extra £40 per lamb just to compensate.
"The EU injects around half a billion a year into Wales' rural communities through the CAP," Jones said, referring to the EU's direct subsidy payment scheme, the Common Agricultural Policy.
"Without that money our rural communities would collapse. The UK government has made it clear it will not provide that half a billion if we exit the EU. But it has not explained how our economy will make up for the loss of that money."
Such a scenario, Jones warned, would lead to the closure of abattoirs and trigger job losses.
Agriculture Minister Davies also expressed alarm over the British government's proposals to cut CAP payments.
"This is critical funding that will help underpin not only individual farm businesses, but the wider rural economy," he noted.
Some factors hurting Wales' sheep industry are beyond anyone's control.
For example, bad weather, which can exacerbate the already high costs of production and distribution.
"Last year was one of the wettest summers in the UK since records began and slowed the rate at which farmers were able to get their lambs ready for market," Dai Davies, chairman of the Welsh red meat development agency, Hybu Cig Cymru, told the Shropshire Star.
"This delay has meant more domestic lamb coming onto the market at the same time as cheaper lamb from other countries traditionally comes into the UK. The competition on supermarket shelves has meant the market value of lamb in the UK has dropped, while the delay in finishing lambs has led to an increase in costs."
Davies added: "At this time of year, most farmers will need to use concentrates to finish lambs because they may not get the necessary nutrients from grass alone — but this cost has increased significantly with some suppliers quoting prices 25 percent higher than last year."
Climate change also poses a potentially grave threat to Wales' sheep.
An animal geneticist, professor Mike Bruford of Cardiff University's School of Biosciences, told Wales Online that if temperatures rise over the century by the magnitude expected, the country's current stock of lowland sheep need to either adapt or disappear.
"I think they [lowland sheep] are vulnerable on two counts," he said.
"First, because they have lower genetic variation and because they are more [in] control over sires. Secondly, because the prediction is that the temperature variations [are] going to be much higher at lower altitudes -- I think they are vulnerable, yes. If you look at the sheep in the south of Britain, below the M4 corridor [from London to South Wales] and at sea level, the predictions are really quite stark. I think you're going to need different sheep. It is a bit like an 'adapt or die' message."
So, will Wales' sheep farms go the way of the legendary coal mines, which have virtually disappeared?
Owen, for one, does not think so, striking a cautiously optimistic tone.
"Despite all the economic pressures, there are still young people keen to start farming," he said.
"It has always been difficult to make a living from sheep production and virtually impossible without [government] support payments. However, sheep play a crucial role in shaping the landscape and sheep farming delivers much more than just food. In my opinion, society is increasingly recognizing that sheep farming underpins a range of outputs which are difficult to value, including nature conservation, clean water, water storage, carbon storage, iconic landscapes, recreational access and the Welsh language. For this reason I believe that there will continue to be support payments albeit in a continually evolving framework."
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Unpredictable Costs of Technology Expenditures: Discussing the Unknown of IT
Why is it so hard to predict technology expenditures?
There are so many obstacles that can arise from the cost of rapidly evolving software, the need to respond to changing requirements in your organization, software licensing, perpetual enterprise software issues, hardware problems, connectivity struggles, and security challenges.
How does a business keep up with them all?
Types of technology costs that impact your business
Before we talk about the unknowns around the costs of your company's technology, let's first discuss what those costs are.
Here are some common, and unpredictable, technology costs that can affect you:
 - The unexpected cost of acquiring or upgrading servers or other hardware.
 - The added expense of hiring an outside technician to perform repairs to your network or infrastructure.
 - The unpredictable impact of implementing expensive software.
 - Added costs from not analyzing the correct software for your company.
 - A technology implementation that went bad because of poor performance.
 - Rollout issues for your software and challenges related to upgrading core software that your company relies on.
 - Requirements not being met from a lack of strategic technology and IT planning.
 - Software that takes longer to deploy, causing inefficiency and lack of productivity.
 - Hardware costs, software costs, security costs in order to keep data safe.
There are a myriad of reasons as to why these unpredictable technology costs creep into your business. Does it really matter why, though?
What you and your business should be concerned with is how to resolve and plan for these challenges, because they will continue to arise if you don't have a roadmap to deal with them.
Why predictable costs are important to know (the unknowns)
The more exact your budgeting, the more predictable your cash flow and the easier it is to manage your offices IT network.
But, how can you reliably budget for the unexpected?
To minimize unplanned chunks being taken out of your budgets, there are some things you can do to best predict unplanned IT issues and those resulting technology expenditures.
 1. Have a strategic plan. The best way to tackling unpredictable costs of technology is to have some sort of documented plan. And that plan doesn't have to cost you a million dollars to create, either. We've seen fantastic IT strategies written in a simple outline. (we've seen them written on the backs of bar napkins, too)
 2. Automate through the use of SaaS and cloud-based solutions. Subscription-based technology solutions are easy to digest, typically have a lower barrier of entry cost to your business, and are replacing perpetual licenses. (it's expected that 80% of software vendors will adopt subscription as a primary licensing model by 2020) Cloud-based operating models also position themselves better for cost optimization and increased competitiveness, according to technology resources like Gartner.
 3. Have a plan to seek the lowest possible hardware price up front. Working with the right technology vendor can help you combine multiple budgets or technology solutions into one transaction which maximizes a volume discount.
 4. Don't pay for every license up front. If you DO have software thats license-based, be sure you're paying for licenses only as you deploy them. Also, don't be afraid to negotiate your software purchases and try to take advantage of end-of-quarter incentives from your software suppliers. Again, only pay for your licenses as they're are deployed because this lets you match your expenses to your available budget.
 5. Customize a deployment schedule to fit your budget. Look for an outsourced IT and technology partner who will tailor your deployment schedule to fit your needs. You'll be able to spread expenses to meet your budget requirements and free up cash flow, if need be.
 6. Choose an IT and technology partner that does this for you. Even though there are expenses that are unpredictable, you can still get a grasp on what to expect from a cot perspective by having some sort of guideline so you're not wasting money. Having a good technology vendor who understands your budget pressures can make your IT expenditures easier to swallow.
Schedule some time with us.
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text:
A parliamentary bill is divided into sections called clauses. Printed in the margin next to each clause is a brief explanatory 'side-note' giving details of what the effect of the clause will be. During the committee stage of a bill, MPs examine these clauses in detail and may introduce new clauses of their own or table amendments to the existing clauses. When a bill becomes an Act of Parliament, clauses become known as sections.
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Dissecting: Composite Cylinder Parts
Dissecting: Composite Cylinder Parts
One of the frequent questions we are asked at Aburi is "what are the composite cylinder parts?". Today we have decided to answer all you need to know about the fibreglass cylinders components.
The short answer is: the cylinder has 3 parts, the cylinder itself (or belly), the valve and the casing. No Secret!
However, this usually would not satisfy our most meticulous customers. Therefore a composite cylinder is made of the following parts:
1) The in liner: Is a blow moulded HDPE container to hold the liquid gas inside
2) The pressure vessel: Made out of glass fibre winding with Epoxy, helically wound on the inner bottle. Together this provides the ultimate strength to the cylinder.
Fibre winding with a bonding Epoxy is the most crucial part of the composite cylinders. They are crucial because the winding has a direct impact on the strength of the cylinder as also bursting pressure.
3) The Bung Housing: To make it suitable to use valves
There are two types of bung housing being used by the main manufacturers in the composite cylinder business
 - Brass Bung Housing: Are lighter in nature (by weight) and also are lighter on use. Being brass, a softer material cannot take higher torque.
 - Steel Bung Housing: Steel Bung are heavier and due to their hardness can take higher torque.
Due to the different types of valves being used by gas distributors, steel bung housing is preferable. As Brass Bung is a softer material, the max torqueing possible is about 120 Nm and gas distributors have to use a valve that is non-standard. Some manufactures prefer this to retain the customers, however, this results in a logistic issue of carrying not only two different valves, but also educating the online worker at the gas filling station to take notice and use the correct valve for the right cylinder, which could result in a problem, if the incorrect valve is used.
4) Outer casing: The ergonomically designed casing's basic function is to ensure that the pressure vessel is safe guarded from severe drops, and to prevent direct exposure to metal objects that can result in the fibre wound container to get flaws, and for ease of carrying and handling.
Finally, the aesthetics are decided between the buyer and seller. The buyer usually is a gas distributor and the seller is the composite cylinder manufacturer. Normally, the gas distributor would only need to brand the cylinder with the company's colours, logo and contact details.
We hope you enjoyed the blogpost and to learn more about this great product, composite LPG cylinder, click here!


text:
Look, we know that with Kinect you'll be able to play games by moving around, and there is even a face controlled game coming for the Nintendo DSi, but there is something charming about this hack-job from the clever so-and-sos at Waterloo Labs, who have developed an eye-control system for the greatest 8-bit console of all time - the NES (sorry Sega Master System fans, but you know it's true).
The system works by placing a number of electrodes around the eyes, which measure positive and negative changes due to the retina's larger population of neurons. Or something like that.
Science never was Pocket-lint's strong point - we bunked off most of the time to play Super Mario Bros (with a control pad, sadly). You'll have to pay attention to the lady-scientist in the video if you want the proper explanation.
The system moves Mario left or right depending on eye-movement with a blink, or a look to the skies, to jump.
Pocket-lint may not know its science but it does no a thing or two about Super Mario Bros. And we know that we wouldn't lose two lives on level 1-1, even using just our eyes. And we certainly wouldn't miss the hidden extra life mushroom that the chap runs by at 2.02 in the video.
Basic error that one, and if these chaps would have bunked off of science lessons like us, then they would have known that.
Pocket-lint 1, Science boffins 0.


Stress effects and management proposal
Emphasis is placed on understanding the accounting cycle, the content and preparation of the basic financial statements for sole proprietors. Other topics covered are cash handling systems and internal control, accounting for inventory, short-term investments, plant assets, intangible assets, natural resources and long-term liabilities. Topics covered are accounting for long-term liabilities, the issues of incomplete single entry record and cost and management accounting.
Stress effects and management proposal
Effects Biological impact Intense psychological stress caused by unwanted, troublesome memories can cause brain structures such as the amygdala, hippocampus and frontal cortex to become activated, as they process the memory.
Related to this, there is some neuroimaging fMRI evidence that those who are susceptible to PTSD have a hippocampus with a reduced size. These children suffer academically and socially due to symptoms like fragmentation of memoryintrusive thoughts, dissociation and flashbacks, all of which may be related to hippocampal dysfunction.
Physical aggression, conflicts and moodiness cause dysfunction in relationships with families, spouse, children and significant others. Depressionsevere anxiety and fear commonly stem from traumatic memories.
These memories become consolidatedstable, and enduring long-term memories LTMs through the synthesis of proteins only a few hours after the initial experience.
The release of the neurotransmitter Norepinephrine Noradrenaline plays a large role in consolidation of traumatic memory. Stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors during arousal and stress strengthens memory consolidation. Increased release of Stress effects and management proposal inhibits the prefrontal cortexwhich plays a role in emotion control as well as extinction or suppression of memory.
Additionally, the release also serves to stimulate the amygdala which plays a key role in generating fear behaviors.
Reconsolidation after retrieval can be used to strengthen existing memories and update or integrate new information.
This allows a memory to be dynamic and plastic in nature. Just like in consolidation of memory, reconsolidation, involves the synthesis of proteins. Inhibition of this protein synthesis directly before or after retrieval of a traumatic memory can disrupt expression of that memory.
This is done by reactivating a memory so that it causes the process of reconsolidation to begin. One source described the process this way: The administration of several different types of protein synthesis antagonists can be used to block protein synthesis that occurs after a traumatic memory is reactivated.
The inhibition of creation of new proteins will stop the reconsolidation process and make the memory imperfect. Molecular Consolidation theory says that memory is created and solidified or consolidated by specific chemical reactions in the brain.
Stress effects and management proposal
Initially, memories exist in a plastic, labile state before they are more solidly encoded. It has been argued that memory consolidation occurs more than onceeach time a memory is recalled, it returns to a labile state.
It states that things which cause memory loss after initial learning can also lead to memory loss after reactivation or retrieval [10] and it is by applying a pharmacological intervention at this plastic point whereby a traumatic memory can be erased.
HiddenLevers: Portfolio Stress Testing
The importance of the amygdala Human brain in the coronal orientation. Amygdalae are shown in dark red. The amygdala is an important brain structure when it comes to learning fearful responses, in other words, it influences how people remember traumatic things.
An increase in blood flow to this area has been shown when people look at scary faces, or remember traumatic events.
It is likely that the amygdala is necessary for the memory enhancing effects of glucocorticoids and epinephrine.
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Anisomycin The consolidation of memory requires the synthesis creation of certain proteins in the amygdala. Disruption of protein synthesis in the amygdala has been shown to prevent long-term memory for fear conditioning.
In tests where it is delivered to the lateral and basal nuclei in the amygdala of rats, the rats demonstrated that they had forgotten fear responses that they had been conditioned to display. U0 U is a MAPK inhibitor, it disrupts the synthesis of the proteins required to reconsolidate memory.
Research has shown that administration of this drug in rats is correlated with a reduction in synaptic potentiation in the lateral amygdala. This means that the neurons in this area which are selective for a certain fear memory fire less easily in response to the memory when affected by the drug as compared to the ease with which they fire without the drug present.
This was observed by recording brain activity in the amygdala of these rats when presented with tones they had been conditioned to fear.
Research exploring the idea that blocking these receptors would disrupt the creation of proteins necessary for consolidating fearful memories in the amygdala.
Propranolol is one such blocker, and in studies was shown to prevent the expression and return of fear in human subjects [17] Another study showed that emotionally arousing stories generally predicted better memory recall than stories which were less so.
Subjects who read or listened to these arousing stories were less able to remember the details in response to multiple choice questions or in free recall when they had been given a dose of propranolol prior to the story exposure.
Stress effects and management proposal
Knowing this, researchers hypothesized that hyper-activating these receptors instead of blocking them would enhance their activity, and increase forgetting. D-cycloserine is a chemical which enhances agonist the activity of the NMDA receptors.HiddenLevers is a risk technology platform, providing next-level applications, analytics and economic research for the wealth management space.
Performance Property Management (PPM) is one of Toronto's largest full-service property management companies. We offer industry-leading vendor partnerships as well as the most competitive price in the GTA.
Browse through our listings, or contact us today at We're available 24/7. The Public Inspection page on offers a preview of documents scheduled to appear in the next day's Federal Register issue.
The Public Inspection page may also include documents scheduled for later issues, at the request of the issuing agency. has been an NCCRS member since October The mission of is to make education accessible to everyone, everywhere.
Students can save on their education by taking the online, self-paced courses and earn widely transferable college credit recommendations for a fraction of the cost of a traditional course. General Resources. Virtual Flight Surgeons online aviation medicine. Borden Institute Textbooks of Military Medicine including published volumes on.
Military Preventive Medicine: Mobilization and Deployment, Vol. 1. At least 50 percent of patients undergoing surgery take medications on a regular basis. Clinicians often must decide if chronic medications should be continued.
Management – Solusi University


North Middletown, New Jersey: Basic Data
The average family unit size in North Middletown, NJ is 3.09 family members, with 61.9% owning their own homes. The mean home valuation is $228247. For those leasing, they pay an average of $1662 monthly. 70% of families have 2 sources of income, and a median household income of $93071. Average income is $33365. 5.7% of citizens exist at or below the poverty line, and 11.5% are handicapped. 6.5% of residents of the town are veterans of the military.
Visualization: Visualizing Success In North Middletown:
Law of Attraction may be the most powerful law of the universe.Law of Attraction may be the most powerful law of the universe. The Law of Attraction is in constant effect and in motion. It's similar to gravity. It is currently operating in your daily life. It is something that is always creating. You are creating your reality every moment of every day. Your destiny is being formed by every thought you think, consciously and unconsciously. Because creativity is never ending, you cannot choose maybe not to make something and take a break then from it. People often ask, "Is it real?" It is often asked, "does the law of attraction work? really" These questions are always welcome and I'm happy to clarify my place. Because I believe that understanding the Law of Attraction is crucial to anyone's success. Then it is important to understand your role in the Law of Attraction if you are looking to make a difference in your life, and to empower yourself to build a great future. You could expect the unexpected. Regulations of Attraction can bring you endless opportunities, unlimited prosperity and pleasure that is unending. There is no difficulty in using the Law of Attraction. It can transform every area of your life. To understand how the Law of Attraction can work in your life, we need to consider a few factors. This talk will cover the Law of Attraction and how you can use it to bring success to a number of areas. I also include a meditation technique, as well as money-making tips. Let's start at the beginning. How does the statutory law of Attraction work? Regulations of Attraction simply states that what you focus in will bring regarding your desired outcome. You will get back what you focus on and how energy that is much expend. This concept has a lot of meaning although it is a simple definition. You will attract positive things to your lifetime if your focus is on the good and beautiful aspects. Negativity will attract negativity to your life when you focus on the negative and dwell on insecurity. You attract what you like. If you're enthusiastic, joyful, passionate, happy, grateful, and thankful, then your energy is good.
North Middletown, NJ is found in Monmouth county, and includes a residents of 3179, and exists within the more New York-Newark, NY-NJ-CT-PA metropolitan area. The median age is 36.4, with 14.7% of the residents under 10 several years of age, 11.4% are between ten-19 several years of age, 11.9% of town residents in their 20's, 18.1% in their 30's, 13.6% in their 40's, 12% in their 50's, 8.6% in their 60's, 7.3% in their 70's, and 2.4% age 80 or older. 48.9% of residents are men, 51.1% women. 44.9% of citizens are recorded as married married, with 12% divorced and 38.7% never wedded. The percent of men or women identified as widowed is 4.4%.
The labor pool participation rate in North Middletown is 76.5%, with an unemployment rate of 4.4%. For all in the labor force, the average commute time is 32.7 minutes. 12.4% of North Middletown's residents have a masters degree, and 19.9% have a bachelors degree. For many without a college degree, 26.8% have at least some college, 33% have a high school diploma, and just 7.9% have an education lower than twelfth grade. 3.5% are not covered by health insurance.


Sales Training "Events" Don't Work: What else to consider. (Part 3 of 3)
To create effective change in sales people's behaviors takes more than a 1, 2 or 3 day event. To think that, is to succumb to "tick box" thinking. The "I've sent the salesforce on a 2-day, How-to-bring-in-the-year-end-results course, so therefore we will achieve the numbers" plan is bound to disappoint.
A training event is not a magic wand; it will not create a salesforce of princes from bunch of ugly toads!
Before the training event is even scheduled a series of activities need to happen. What happens after the training event is more important still.
Given the fire fighting reality of sales people's lives that I described earlier, many salesforce training initiatives fail because they are seen as incremental work for sales people who already feel over burdened. One of the key things to make development initiatives stick is to ensure that they are integrated where relevant with existing structures and processes. So for example when a new business development process is rolled out, it needs to integrate with the existing CRM system; it needs to integrate with the existing forecasting and reporting systems. It should also be used as the format by which sales people and their managers discuss and review the progress of opportunities.
This way it's not incremental work, but rather an improved way of doing what is already being done.
Internal PR/ Communication
Lastly sales people are usually extroverts and very achievement driven. This needs to be harnessed in the service of the development initiative. Success stories need to be captured and published on intra-nets and newsletters, with due praise being given to relevant individuals. A good internal PR/ communication campaign is needed to support the initiative. When sales people start to see that changed behaviors resulting from training initiatives have led some individuals to success and recognition they should want to be a part of that. Rewards and recognition need to be linked to the implementation of the development initiative as well as actual results. Conversely if nothing is seen or heard of a salesforce training initiative in the weeks and months following it, sales people feel safe in the knowledge that the latest management fad has just passed by without it having taxed them unduly!
A meaningful sales training initiative that will actually make a difference to the business requires a great deal of careful and strategic thought, management commitment, time and effort to set up and follow through. If an organization doesn't have the resources or inclination to do this it is probably better off spending its money elsewhere! However a robust training initiative, well set up, well supported and well executed can make a fundamental difference to the results the sales team achieve and hence to the overall business success. So perhaps sales organizations should consider doing fewer, higher quality, better aligned training initiatives so that they can afford to put the time, resource and focus against making them work and deliver results for the business.
Originally published by Patricia Seabright, Archimedes Consulting Ltd.
Discover why traditional sales training doesn't work.
SalesForce Training & Consulting is a professional services firm, and training company, with training centers in Toronto, Boston and Chicago, that ensures the proper activities occur before, during and after a sales training workshop.


text:
The Linux kernel will let you speak with any printer that you can plug into a serial, parallel, or usb port, plus any printer on the network. Unfortunately, this alone is insufficient; you must also be able to generate data that the printer will understand. Primary among the incompatible printers are those referred to as "Windows" or "GDI" printers. They are called this because all or part of the printer control language and the design details of the printing mechanism are not documented. Typically the vendor will provide a Windows driver and happily sell only to Windows users; this is why they are called Winprinters. In some cases the vendor also provides drivers for NT, OS/2, or other operating systems.
Many of these printers do not work with free software. A few of them do, and some of them only work a little bit (usually because someone has reverse engineered the details needed to write a driver). See the printer support list below for details on specific printers.
A few printers are in-between. Some of NEC's models, for example, implement a simple form of the standard printer language PCL that allows PCL-speaking software to print at up to 300dpi, but only NEC knows how to get the full 600dpi out of these printers.
Note that if you already have one of these Winprinters, there are roundabout ways to print to one, but they're rather awkward. SeeSection 12 in this document for more discussion of Windows-only printers.
As for what printers do work with free software, the best choice is to buy a printer with native PostScript support in firmware. Nearly all Un*x software that produces printable output produces it in PostScript, so obviously it'd be nice to get a printer that supports PostScript directly. Unfortunately, PostScript support is scarce outside the laser printer domain, and is sometimes a costly add-on.
Un*x software, and the publishing industry in general, have standardized upon Postscript as the printer control language of choice. This happened for several reasons:
Postscript arrived as part of the Apple Laserwriter, a perfect companion to the Macintosh, the system largely responsible for the desktop publishing revolution of the 80s.
Postscript programs can be run to generate output on a pixel screen, a vector screen, a fax machine, or almost any sort of printer mechanism, without the original program needing to be changed. Postscript output will look the same on any Postscript device, at least within the limits of the device's capabilities. Before the creation of PDF, people exchanged complex documents online as Postscript files. The only reason this standard didn't "stick" was because Windows machines didn't usually include a Postscript previewer, so Adobe specified hyperlinks and compression for Postscript, called the result PDF, distributed previewers for it, and invented a market for their "distiller" tools (the functionality of which is also provided by ghostscript's ps2pdf and pdf2ps programs).
Postscript is a complete programming language; you can write software to do most anything in it. This is mostly useful for defining subroutines at the start of your program to reproduce complex things over and over throughout your document, like a logo or a big "DRAFT" in the background. But there's no reason you couldn't compute π in a Postscript program.
Postscript is fully specified in a publically available series of books (which you can find at any good bookstore) and also online at _URL_ Although Adobe invented it and provides the dominant commercial implementation, other vendors like Aladdin produce independently coded implementations as well.
Failing the (larger) budget necessary to buy a Postscript printer, you can use any printer supported by Ghostscript, the free Postscript interpreter used in lieu of actual printer Postscript support. Note that most GNU/Linux distributions can only ship a somewhat outdated version of Ghostscript due to the license. Fortunately, there is usually a prepackaged up to date Ghostscript made available in each distribution's contrib area.
Adobe now has a new printer language called "PrintGear". I think it's a greatly simplified binary format language with some Postscript heritage but no Postscript compatibility. And I haven't heard of Ghostscript supporting it. But some PrintGear printers seem to support another language like PCL, and these printers will work with GNU/Linux (if the PCL is implemented in the printer and not in a Windows driver).
Similarly, Adobe offers a host-based Postscript implementation called PressReady. This works much like Ghostscript does to provide Postscript support for a non-Postscript printer, but has the disadvantage that it runs only on Windows.
You can look in several places to see if a particular printer will work. The cooperatively maintained Printing HOWTO printer database aims to be a comprehensive listing of the state of GNU/Linux printer support. A summary of it is below; be sure to check online for more details and information on what driver(s) to use.
The best bet for new printer shoppers is to consult the list of suggested printers. These center around color inkjets and mono laser devices. You can even help support this document and the website by buying from one of affiliated vendors.
Ghostscript's printer compatibility page has a list of some working printers, as well as links to other pages.
Google groups contains hundreds of "it works" and "it doesn't work" testimonials. Try all three, and when you're done, check that your printer is present and correct in the database, so that it will be listed properly in this document in the future.
This section is a summary of the online database. The online version includes device specifications, notes, driver information, user-maintained documentation, manufacturer web pages, and interface scripts for using drivers with several print spooling systems (including LPR, LPRng, PDQ, and CUPS). The online version of this list is also interactive; people can and do add printers all the time, so be sure to check it as well. Finally, if your printer isn't listed, add it!
Note that this listing is not gospel; people sometimes add incorrect information, which are eventually weeded out. Entries which have not been sanity-checked are marked with an asterisk (*). Verify from Google Groups that a printer works for someone before buying it based on this list.
Printers here are categorized into four types:
Perfect printers work perfectly - you can print to the full ability of the printer, including color, full resolution, etc. In a few cases printers with undocumented "resolution enhancement" modes that don't work are listed as perfect; generally the difference in print quality is small enough that it isn't worth worrying about.
You can print fine, but there may be minor limitations of one sort or another in either printing or other features.
You can print, but maybe not in color, or only at a poor resolution. See the online listing for information on the limitation.
You can't print a darned thing; typically this will be due to lack of a driver and/or documentation on how to write one. Paperweights occasionally get "promoted", either when someone discovers that an existing driver works, or when someone creates a new driver, but you shouldn't count on this happening.
And without further ado, here is the printer compatibility list:
Table 1. Linux Printer Support
Color StyleWriter 1500
Personal Label Printer+*
Personal Label Printer
Artisan 1023 penplotter*
9-pin 136 Col*
9-pin 136 Col*
Color LaserJet 5
C LaserJet 4500*
DDP 70 (with MicroPress)*
4029 030 LaserPrinter 10*
CP50 Color Printer*
2425 Turbo EX*
Aficio Color 2206*
LC 24-15 Multi-Font*
3693d color printer, 8-bit mode*
It's a bit difficult to select a printer these days; there are many models to choose from. Here are some shopping tips:
You get what you pay for. Most printers under $200-300 can print reasonably well, but printing costs a lot per page. For some printers, it only takes one or two cartridges to add up to the cost of a new printer! This is specially true for cheap inkjets. Similarly, the cheapest printers won't last very long. The least expensive printers, for example, have a MTBF of about three months; obviously these are poorly suited for heavy use.
Inkjet printheads will clog irreparably over time, so the ability to replace the head somehow is a feature. Inkjet printheads are expensive, with integrated head/ink cartridges costing ten times (!) what ink-only cartridges go for, so the ability to replace the head only when needed is a feature. Epson Styluses tend to have fixed heads, and HP DeskJets tend to have heads integrated into the cartridges. Canons have three-part cartridges with independently replaceable ink tanks; I like this design. OTOH, the HP cartridges aren't enormously more expensive, and HP makes a better overall line; Canon is often the third choice from the print quality standpoint. Epson Styluses and HP inkjets are the best supported by free software at the moment.
Laser printers consume a drum and toner, plus a little toner wiping bar. The cheapest designs include toner and drum together in a big cartridge; these designs cost the most to run. The best designs for large volume take plain toner powder or at least separate toner cartridges and drums.
The best color photograph output is from continuous tone printers which use a silver halide plus lasers approach to produce—surprise!—actual photographs. Since these printers cost tens of thousands to buy, Ofoto.com offers inexpensive print-by-print jobs. The results are


text: For example: i) Someone lifts 2kg flowerpot 1m vertically upward. The work done by the gravity is -19.62 J? Then, if ii) A 3kg box on the floor is lifted vertically up onto the head and then lowered down to the shoulder. The shoulder is 150cm while the top of the head is 175cm measured from the floor. The work done is -44.2 J right? due to a = -9.81 as the motion of vertically upward is opposes the motion of gravitational force right? But it is written as 44.2 J in the answer sheet. Please someone explain to me further. I'm confused between - and + value of work done. Is the - sign just indicates the opposite motion and don't need to be written as the answer or vice versa?


An excerpt from IrishCentral founder Niall O'Dowd's new book A New Ireland which tells of the incredible role that gay women played in the 1916 Easter Rising and how they were airbrushed out of history.
 "The light of evening, Lissadell,
Great windows open to the south,
Two girls in silk kimonos, both
Beautiful, one a gazelle."
 - William Butler Yeats
Yeats dedicated his poem "In Memory of Eva Gore-Booth and Con Markievicz" to two remarkable women who blazed a trail through Irish history, Eva Gore-Booth born 1870, and her sister, Constance—later Countess Markievicz—born 1868.
The historical accounts of the gay movement in Ireland usually omit women, yet they had a remarkable part to play in the 1916 Rising as just one example and as lifelong advocates for human rights as another example.
Mary McAuliffe, a lecturer in women's studies at University College Dublin, points out that Elizabeth O'Farrell, who was famously airbrushed out of the historic photograph of 1916 commander Patrick Pearse surrendering to a British Army officer (only her boots are visible), was gay and had carried the flag of surrender at great personal risk to the enemy lines.
Nurse Elizabeth O'Farrell of Cumann na mBan, who delivered news of the surrender ending the 1916 _TAG_ died _TAG_ in 1957
— Easter Rising 1916 (_USER_) June 24, 2017
McAuliffe told the Dublin Inquirer that Elizabeth O'Farrell and her fellow nurse Julia Grennan were a couple:
"These two rebels were based in the GPO on O'Connell Street during the Rising. They cared for the wounded, including James Connolly. After days of fighting, the rebels moved to Moore Street, where Pearse decided to surrender.
"When Elizabeth was going to bring out the surrender flag, Julia Grennan talks about the fact that she was terrified and anxious watching her step out onto Moore Street, where there were bullets whizzing around," says McAuliffe.
"The two women are buried together in Glasnevin Cemetery, and their gravestone reads "Elizabeth O'Farrell … And her faithful comrade and lifelong friend Sheila [Julia] Grennan." [A very brave inscription for the love that could not speak its name.]"
In all, McAuliffe says seventy-seven women fought in the Rising, a huge number.
Of course the most famous was Constance Gore-Booth, who married a somewhat dubious Polish Count and became known as Countess Markievicz. Both Eva and Constance were born to privilege and wealth in Lissadell House in Sligo where the family home was a stately mansion that Yeats loved to visit.
Their father was the 5th Baronet, the equivalent of bearing a knighthood. He was often absent on Arctic explorations, and his five children were mainly left to their own amusement. Eva and Constance, however, are said to have been heavily influenced by a near Famine that struck in 1879 where they witnessed local tenants coming to beg for food at their doorstep.
Countess Markievicz.
Countess Markievicz.
Constance channeled her energy into revolution, becoming a hero of 1916 and the first female in the Irish parliament. She achieved legendary status as a revolutionary later in life.
Eva went a different path; she made her home in London and channeled her energies elsewhere—she was especially motivated to work for the underdogs. Esther Roper, her companion, and lover, later remarked that Eva was "haunted by the suffering of the world and had a curious feeling of responsibility for its inequalities and injustices."
She focused on women's issues, especially the fight for universal suffrage and the right to vote. She was also a strong voice for sexual freedom and published a magazine that was scandalous given the tenor of the times. It was called "Urania" and most likely derived from a word meaning homosexual. It was published privately by Gore-Booth and featured progressive articles on topics like education mingled with photos of women dressed as men, and discussions on sex and gender.
The magazine went to her lesbian coterie with a circulation of about 250 copies. It was as revolutionary for its time as anything her sister achieved.
The 1916 Rising also featured other queer Irish women leaders. Dr. Kathleen Lynn was a member of the Irish Citizen Army, which fought in the 1916 Easter Rising. She was Chief Medical Officer in the General Post Office which was the location of most of the fighting during the 1916 Rising.
She was also a prominent figure in the suffragette movement. She described herself as "a Red Cross doctor and a belligerent" when she was arrested. She was imprisoned in Kilmainham Gaol with her comrades Countess Markievicz and Madeleine Ffrench-Mullan, the latter also a lesbian who fought bravely for her country.
Historian May McAuliffe says the love letters passed between Lynn and Ffrench-Mullan, who were both jailed for their roles in the Rising, demonstrated their love. "Then they spend their lives together," says McAuliffe. "They lived together."
Inside the GPO after the Easter Rising rebellion
Inside the GPO after the Easter Rising rebellion
There had been attempts to criminalize lesbianism and make it illegal, but polite post prudish society never considered such acts were occurring. In 1921, British MPs attempted to add a clause to a new Criminal Law Amendment Bill being debated at the time, which would have made lesbianism into a criminal offense: "Any act of gross indecency between female persons shall be a misdemeanour and punishable in the same manner as any such act committed by male persons under section 11 of the Criminal Law Amendment Act 1885."
However, this was ultimately dropped out of concern that legislation would only draw attention to the "offence" and "encourage women to explore their sexuality." If you could imagine a gloomier place in the western world than Ireland for gays and lesbians for the twentieth century, it would have been very hard. The governing law dated from 1885 and it became known as the blackmailer's act as gay people were especially vulnerable to being found out as Oscar Wilde found out.
As for women, the idea of lesbian love was so outrageous that it was not felt necessary to have a law against it. The right to gay marriage for either sex was as alien a concept as green men on Mars. The issue of abortion was never even spoken about.
*A New Ireland by Niall O'Dowd is available on and Barnes & Noble.
* Originally published in April 2020.
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Essay example - Death by Heidegger
Death by Heidegger Essay example
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Death by Heidegger Name: Institution: Introduction Death is concept that presents a number of challenge most of which make its explanations unclear. Every living organism eventually dies a fact that increases the human curiosity on the concept. Among the most conspicuous philosophers who tried to understand the concept of death is Martin Heidegger…
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However, death is more complex since it allows no chance for experience. Every other explanation about death to him is therefore mere speculation. Additionally, he observes that everyone is conscious of their inevitable death and always portray fear of the concept but people live their days fully without any psychological disturbance implying that people accommodate the sense of death. Every living organism eventually dies, this is a knowledge that man have but the fact that man cannot always explain the concept of death, people cannot always prepare for it. Scientists in their explanation of death allege death is a state of lifelessness that every organism acquire because of exhaustion of the body tissues. This is a general and a more realistic explanation but its application is relative as different interests groups offer more explanations to the human life well past their deaths. People believe in the existence of God and the life after death, this increases man's curiosity on the topic of death. However, unlike every other human concept, it is impossible to have a practical study of death. The only people with adequate experience of death are the dead themselves who unfortunately do not ever come back to share their experience with the living....
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What are the moral lessons in "A Poison Tree" by William Blake?
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This poem operates at the intersection of ethics and emotion. You can't discuss the moral lessons of the poem without discussing what emotions are found in it.
In the first stanza, the narrator describes two instances in which he's angry. In the first, he's angry with a friend and expresses that anger, and it passes. In the second, he's angry with an enemy, and he does not express it. The anger doesn't pass, but instead increases. This is a lesson about emotion, but it spills into morality: how you handle your relationships and emotions determines what you feel later. More simply, when you communicate about your anger, you can let it go.
The later stanzas describe the narrator tending his anger like a garden (or at least a poison tree in a garden). As he tends his anger, feeding it with fear, it grows. It appears to be a healthy fruit, but it isn't. This has more lessons on emotion: fear and anger are linked.
In the final stanza, the enemy eats the poison fruit and dies. The emotional lesson here is clear: anger is deadly. Taken together, lessons can be drawn.
Be careful how you treat your anger.
Anger can appear attractive on the surface.
Anger is ultimately deadly.
The explicitly moral lesson is "don't feed your anger."
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William Blake intends, in A Poison Tree, to warn his readers that if they ignore his message regarding the "deceitful wiles" that cause hatred to intensify due to a lack of communication, they too can end up "outstretch'd beneath the tree" or be a person destroyed by his own "wrath." In the poem, the narrator's "foe" becomes less afraid of the narrator, and does not realize the depth of his hatred as the narrator "sunned it with smiles" misleading the enemy. The deceit becomes so intense that it bears "an apple bright." Most readers would be familiar with any story of the core or center of an apple being bad, as it appears in The Creation, when Eve first eats from the apple and then deceives Adamthe figurative "poison" being how they lost their innocence and Eve effectively poisoned Adam's mind and also in Snow White, the wicked queen deceives Snow White, also an innocent young girl literally poisoned.
The moral lessons in A Poison Tree include the need to be cautious of the motives of others and the ability of others to manipulate the innocent. Furthermore, the reader should recognize evil within himself before it becomes destructive and he is "glad" to see his enemy dead, even though he lured him to his death. The reader should ensure open communication and should not nurture hatred or "wrath" or it will "grow."
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South African vote and census data
The following is not my post. It is a comment by Manuel on an earlier post. It is so interesting in its detail, that I thought it deserved to be "promoted" to a central place in the virtual orchard.
A few weeks ago I finally included on my website's South Africa page the results of last May's election; I also took the opportunity to run some correlations between the election results and South African census data. Initially I worked at the level of the country's 213 local municipalities, where I found a very high inverse correlation (-0.90) between the DA share of the vote and the black African percentage of the population in the 2011 census; that figure remained at -0.88 when census figures were substituted with data from the 2016 Community Survey.I also found a very high correlation at the municipal level of 0.90 between the share for the right-wing VF+ (whose vote increased noticeably in the election) and the percentage of Afrikaans-speaking whites over the total population in 2011 (0.91 when using 2016 Community Survey data).
In fact, the municipal-level results of last May's election showed that in municipalities where the population is 95%+ black African (on average 98% black and 1% white), the DA vote came down to about 5%, behind EFF and even IFP, while ANC remained far ahead with 70% of the vote; the exact figures vary depending on whether 2011 or 2016 population figures are used for the analysis.
However, for good measure I ran the correlations at the electoral ward level – the lowest level for which both election results and 2011 detailed population statistics are readily available (the 2016 Community Survey data doesn't go below the local municipality level). There are currently a total of 4,392 wards in South Africa, and at this level the inverse correlation between the DA share of the vote and the percentage of black Africans was even stronger, standing at -0.93. Meanwhile, the correlation between the VF+ share of the vote and the percentage of white Afrikaners over the total population remained at 0.90.
In addition, clear voting patterns emerged when wards were grouped by race majority (or plurality): DA won handily in majority white, Coloured or Indian/Asian wards, but dropped to single digits and came behind EFF in majority black African wards, where ANC won a sweeping victory (95% of black South Africans live in majority black wards, while 74% of Coloureds and 61% of whites reside in majority Coloured and white wards, respectively; the majority black wards are 93% black, while the majority Coloured wards are 75% Coloured and the majority white wards are 63% white; the majority Indian/Asian wards are 64% Indian/Asian, but only account for 38% of that group's overall population).
Separately, I also tested a fifth, "no race dominant" category (no racial group over 50% and second largest group at or above 25%), but I found it made little difference in the results for the other groups. Overall, the "no race dominant" category was plurality black with a sizable white minority not far behind, as well as substantial numbers of Coloureds and Indians/Asians. In the election that additional category went solidly for DA, although by considerably less than the combined non-black majority (white-Coloured-Indian/Asian) wards, while ANC didn't do nearly as well as the increased percentage of blacks (relative to the non-black group) would have suggested; on the other hand the EFF vote appeared to be largely in line with the increase in the percentage of blacks.
Speaking of EFF, in an earlier comment I had compared its result with that of the far-right HNP in the 1981 white House of Assembly election. However, after going over ward figures grouped by race on a province-by-province basis that assessment needs to be qualified. Even just looking at the majority black wards, EFF remained at best below 20% and nearly fifty points behind ANC; by contrast, in 1981 many National Party MPs were horrified to see their HNP challengers – who usually polled in the single digits – rack up 30% of the vote, and in some cases even more. As such, EFF isn't quite yet as strong a challenger to ANC on the left – even among blacks – as HNP was to NP on the right among Afrikaners back in 1981, but that could change in the years ahead.
In fact, a far more apt analogy with the rise of HNP in 1981 among Afrikaner voters would be precisely the substantial vote increase for VF+, which had its best showing in majority white wards, where it won 11% of the vote; it fared poorly elsewhere, polling just 2% even in Coloured wards, despite (or perhaps because of) the fact it had Peter Marais, a former Cape Town mayor, Western Cape premier and notorious party hopper as its Western Cape candidate for premier (Mr. Marais has switched parties over half-a-dozen times in the past twenty-five years). In fact, the low VF+ share in Coloured wards was strongly correlated (0.84) to the 6% white minority (mostly Afrikaners) living in those wards. Moreover, within the majority white wards there was a wide gap in VF+ support between wards where whites were predominantly English-speaking, and those where they were mainly Afrikaans-speaking: VF+ polled just 3% in the former but reached 15% in the latter. The latter figure rose to 23% and 24% in the white majority wards of the North-West and Limpopo provinces (25% and 23% in the provincial ballot), where the white population remains overwhelmingly Afrikaner. This turn of events may well be a South African manifestation of the worldwide surge of the populist right, but also the recurrence of a historical phenomenon among Afrikaners, or a combination of both. In any event, earlier this summer VF+ went on to win by a landslide (albeit on a low turnout) a municipal by-election in a Stilfontein (City of Matlosana) ward where it had narrowly outvoted DA in the May provincial ballot.
There were also fairly evident voter turnout differences among the four ward groups: white majority wards had a far higher turnout rate (78%) than blackor Coloured-majority wards (65% in each case) or Indian/Asian majority wards (68%).
Finally, the ward-level election results show two very different South Africas co-existing side by side: one comprised by wards where black Africans constituted at least 95% of the population (on average over 99%), in which ANC swept the election on a 63% turnout with 73% of the vote, far ahead of EFF (13%), IFP (5%) and DA (4%); and another made up of wards in the rest of the country, where black Africans constituted 49% of the population, Coloureds and whites 22% each and Indians/Asians 6%, and where DA prevailed over ANC, 42% to 38%, with EFF polling 8% and VF+ 5%, on a 70% turnout rate.
Party lists for South Africa 2019
South Africa: No confidence vote looming?
The National Executive Committee (NEC) of the ruling African National Congress (ANC) in South Africa is attempting to get President Jacob Zuma to resign. Media coverage of this (such as a BBC story from 5 Feb.) too often implies that this is a "normal" presidency with a fixed term. However, despite the title, as far as executive survival in office is concerned, South Africa's head of government is a prime minister. He can be removed by a vote of no confidence.
See the Constitution of South Africa, Article 102(2):
It could hardly be more clear than that. So if the ANC (which has far more than a majority of assembly seas) wants Zuma out, there's no question how this will end. Zuma may have his own reasons to want to make the party go through the spectacle of a no-confidence vote, rather than step down "voluntarily", but he does indeed serve at their pleasure.
It is also not as if is unusual in parliamentary systems for parties to replace their leader and the prime minister before an election. In Presidents, Parties, and Prime Ministers, David Samuels and I show that roughly a third of PMs in parliamentary democracies lose office by an intra-party procedure (rather than by losing a general election or leading a coalition that collapses). We did not note the timing of such removals relative to elections, but there is little doubt that many of the party-initiated removals take place closer to the next election than the preceding one. (In most such systems, the election can be called early on initiative of the new PM. The South African constitution also has a provision for early election, at the initiative of the assembly majority itself–Art. 50.)
Already this past December the ANC's convention narrowly voted to elect Cyril Ramaphosa as head of the party (over Zuma's ex-wife). He will lead the party in the campaign for the general election of 2019, whether or not Zuma is still president at the time.
A key difference in South Africa, compared to most other parliamentary systems, is that the prime minister is also the head of state–hence the title, President. In fact, other constitutional provisions in South Africa seem lifted from an actual presidential system (


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Individual differences |
Methods | Statistics | Clinical | Educational | Industrial | Professional items | World psychology |
In sociology and, later, criminology, the Chicago School (sometimes described as the Ecological School) refers to the first major body of works emerging during the 1920s and 1930s specialising in urban sociology, and the research into the urban environment by combining theory and ethnographic fieldwork in Chicago, now applied elsewhere. While involving scholars at several Chicago area universities, the term is often used interchangeably to refer to the University of Chicago's sociology department—one of the oldest and one of the most prestigious. Following World War II, a "Second Chicago School" arose whose members used symbolic interactionism combined with methods of field research, to create a new body of works. For a comprehensive history of the Chicago School, see Martin Bulmer (1984) and Lester Kurtz (1984).
The major researchers in this School included Ernest Burgess, Ruth Shonle Cavan, Edward Franklin Frazier, Everett Hughes, Roderick D. McKenzie, George Herbert Mead, Robert E. Park, Walter C. Reckless, Edwin Sutherland, W. I. Thomas, Frederic Thrasher, Louis Wirth, Florian Znaniecki,
The Chicago School is a Positivist School, applying scientific techniques to the collection and deductive analysis of data to explain different types of individual and social phenomena. It has focused on human behaviour as determined by social structures and physical environmental factors, rather than genetic and personal characteristics. Biologists and anthropologists have accepted the theory of evolution as demonstrating that animals adapt to their environments. As applied to humans who are considered responsible for their own destinies, the School believed that the natural environment which the community inhabits is a major factor in shaping human behaviour, and that the city functions as a microcosm:
The work of Frederic E. Clements (1916) was particularly influential. He proposed that a community of vegetation is a superorganism and that communities develop in a fixed pattern of successional stages from inception through to some single climax state or to a self-regulating state of equilibrium. By analogy, an individual is born, grows, matures, and dies, but the community which the individual inhabited continues to grow and exhibit properties which are greater than the sum of the properties of the parts.
Members of the School have concentrated on the city of Chicago as the object of their study, seeking evidence whether urbanisation (Wirth: 1938) and increasing social mobility have been the causes of the contemporary social problems. Originally, Chicago was a clean slate, an empty physical environment. By 1860, Chicago was a small town with a population of 10,000. There was great growth after the fire of 1871. By 1910, the population exceeded two million. The rapidity of the increase was due to an influx of immigrants and it produced homelessness (Anderson: 1923), poor housing conditions, and bad working conditions based on low wages and long hours. But equally, Thomas and Znaniecki (1918) stress that the sudden freedom of immigrants released from the controls of Europe to the unrestrained competition of the new city was a dynamic for growth.
"Ecological studies consisted of making spot maps of Chicago for the place of occurrence of specific behaviors, including alcoholism, homicides, suicides, psychoses, and poverty, and then computing rates based on census data. A visual comparison of the maps could identify the concentration of certain types of behavior in some areas. Correlations of rates by areas were not made until later."
For Thomas, the groups themselves had to reinscribe and reconstruct themselves to prosper. Burgess studied the history of development and concluded that the city had not grown at the edges. Although the presence of Lake Michigan prevented the complete encirclement, he postulated that all major cities would be formed by radial expanion from the centre in concentric rings which he described as zones, i.e. the business area in the centre, the slum area (called the zone in transition and studied by Wirth: 1928, Zorbaugh: 1929, and Suttles: 1968) around the central area, the zone of workingmen's homes farther out, the residential area beyond this zone, and then the bungalow section and the commuter's zone on the periphery. Under the influence of Albion Small, the research at the School mined the mass of official data including census reports, housing/welfare records and crime figures, and related the data spatially to different geographical areas of the city. Shaw and McKay created maps:
- spot maps to demonstrate the location of a range of social problems with a primary focus on juvenile delinquency;
- rate maps which divided the city into block of one square mile and showed the population by age, gender, ethnicity, etc.;
- zone maps which demonstrated that the major problems were clustered in the city centre.
Thomas also developed techniques of self-reporting life histories to provide subjective balance to the analysis. Park, Burgess, and McKenzie are credited with institutionalising, if not establishing, sociology as a science. They are also criticised for their overly empiricist and idealised approach to the study of society but, in the inter-war years, their attitudes and prejudices were normative. Three broad themes characterised this dynamic period of Chicago studies:
- culture contact and conflict. This arises from Thomas and Znaniecki (1918) and studies how ethnic groups interact and compete in a process of community succession and institutional transformation (Hughes and Hughes: 1952). An important part of this work concerned African Americans; works including E. Franklin Frazier (1932) and Drake and Cayton (1945) shaped white America's perception of black communities for decades.
- succession in community institutions as stakeholders and actors in the ebb and flow of ethnic groups. Cressey (1932) studied the dance hall and commercialised entertainment services, Kincheloe (1938) studied church succession, Janowitz (1952) studied the community press, and Hughes (1979) studied the real-estate board.
- city politics. Merriam's commitment to practical reform politics was matched by Gosnell who researched voting and other forms of participation. Gosnell (1935), Wilson (1960), Grimshaw (1992) considered African American politics, and Banfield and Wilson (1963) placed Chicago city politics in a broader context.
The School is perhaps best known for the Subculture Theories of Thrasher, Frazier, and Sutherland, and for applying the principles of ecology to develop the Social Disorganisation Theory which refers to consequences of the failure of:
- social institutions or social organisations including the family, schools, church, political institutions, policing, business, etc. in identified communities and/or neighbourhoods, or in society at large; and
- social relationships that traditionally encourage co-operation between people.
Thomas defined social disorganisation as "the inability of a neighbourhood to solve its problems together" which suggested a level of social pathology and personal disorganisation, so the term, "differential social organisation" was preferred by many, and may have been the source of Sutherland's (1947) Differential Association Theory. The researchers have provided a clear analysis that the city is a place where life is superficial, where people are anonymous, where relationships are transitory and friendship and family bonds are weak. They have observed the weakening of primary social relationships and relate this to a process of social disorganisation (comparison with the concept of anomie and the Strain Theories is instructive).
Vasishth and Sloane (2000) argue that while it is tempting to draw analogies between organisms in nature and the human condition, the problem lies in reductionism, i.e. that the science of biology is oversimplified into rules that are then applied mechanically to explain the growth and dynamics of human communities. The most fundamental difficulties are definitional. If a community is a group of individuals who inhabit the same place, is the community merely the sum of individuals and their activities, or is it something more that an aggregation of individuals? This is critical in planning research into group interactions. Will research be effective if it focuses on the individuals comprising a group, or is the community itself a proper subject of research independently of the individuals who comprise it? If the former, then data on individuals will explain the community, but if the community either directly or indirectly affects the behaviour of its members, then research must consider the patterns and processes of community as distinct from patterns and processes in populations of individuals. But this requires a definition and distinction between "pattern" and "process". The structures, forms, and patterns are relatively easy to observe and measure, but they are nothing more than evidence of underlying processes and functions which are the real constitutive forces in nature and society. The Chicago School wanted to develop tools by which to research and then change society by directing urban planning and social intervention agencies. It recognised that urban expansion was not haphazard but quite strongly controlled by community-level forces such as land values, zoning ordinances, landscape features, circulation corridors, and historical contingency. This was characterised as ecological because the external factors were neither chance nor intended, but rather arose from the natural forces in the environment which limit the adaptive spatial and temporal relationships between individuals. The School sought to derive patterns from a study of processes, rather than to ascribe processes to observed patterns and the patterns they saw emerge, are strongly reminiscent of Clements' ideas of community development.
The Chicago Area Project (CAP) was a practical attempt by sociologists to apply their theories in a city laboratory. Subsequent research showed that the youth athletic leagues, recreation programs, and summer camp worked best along with urban planning and alternatives to incarceration as crime control policy. Such


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University of Wisconsin-La Crosse
Today's information is increasing rapidly, doubling every three years. Consequently, the search and recognition stages in computer applications will consume a growing portion of the total CPU time. The SSE 4.2 instruction set, first implemented in Intel's Core i7, provides String and Text New Instructions (STTNI) that utilize SIMD operations for processing character data. Though originally conceived for accelerating string, text, and XML processing, the powerful new capabilities of these instructions are useful outside of these domains, and it is worth revisiting the search and recognition stages of numerous applications to utilize STTNI to improve performance.


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Little
Stint (Calidris minuta) and Ruff (Philomachus pugnax).
Rasool Barrage Wildlife
Sanctuary: Northern Pintail (Anas acuta), Common Teal (Anas crecca),
Common Pochard (Aythya ferina) and Common Coot (Fulica atra) can be watched
from the sanctuary, besides resting on the bank of River Chenab and watching
the Rasool Barrage.
Northern Pintail - Sarus Crane - Greater
Flamingo -Eurasian Wigeon
Tanda Dam: The site is of
national importance as a wintering and staging area for a wide variety of
Thanedar Wala: Most of the
area consists of a complex of braided river channels and sandy or muddy
Ucchali Wetland Complex:
Located in the Salt Ranges, the Ucchali Wetland is home to a number of
migratory birds like Marbled Teal (Marmaronetta angustirostris), White-headed
Duck (Oxyura leucocephala), Eurasian Spoonbill (Platalea leucorodia),
Dalmatian Pelican (Pelecanus crispus), Pallas's Fish-eagle (Haliaeetus
leucoryphus), White-rumped Vulture (Gyps bengalensis), Imperial Eagle (Aquila
heliaca) and Common Coot (Fulica atra).


Shoot Or Don't Shoot? This Is The Question
The Two Mind Boggling Questions
What If You Draw Your Concealed Carry Weapon Without Shooting It?
When Can You Draw Your Concealed Carry Handgun?
You must always remember that you may only draw and fire your concealed weapon to protect a person or yourself from immediate death or great bodily harm. If your incident does not prove this, then you could be possibly charged with brandishing of firearm or charged with assault with a deadly weapon.
This article has been written by Fred Tyrell for Survivopedia.
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Latest comments
 - In your second to last paragraph, you refer to "banishing of firearm". I assume it was a typo and you really mean "brandishing". In that context, here is some information that may be of interest to you.
 Dreamed up and first enacted in Montana, "Defensive Display" has been drafted, introduced and pushed through by the Arizona Citizens Defense League (with help from the NRA and the Arizona State Rifle and Pistol Assn.). A citizen now has robust protection for using a firearm in self defense without actually firing it. Previously, a threat or motion to produce a firearm, even when threatened by an attacker, could lead to assault charges against the innocent gun owner. Now, to balance that out, a specific law justifies the threat or reach for a gun in self defense. Elegant, simple, fair.
 A.R.S. §13-421. Justification; defensive display of a firearm; definition
 (SB 1243, enacted July 13, 2009, effective Sep. 30, 2009.)
 A. The defensive display of a firearm by a person against another is justified when and to the extent a reasonable person would believe that physical force is immediately necessary to protect himself against the use or attempted use of unlawful physical force or deadly physical force.
 B. This section does not apply to a person who:
 1. Intentionally provokes another person to use or attempt to use unlawful physical force.
 2. Uses a firearm during the commission of a serious offense as defined in section 13-706 or violent crime as defined in section 13-901.03.
 C. This section does not require the defensive display of a firearm before the use of physical force or the threat of physical force by a person who is otherwise justified in the use or threatened use of physical force.
 D. For the purposes of this section, "defensive display of a firearm" includes:
 1. Verbally informing another person that the person possesses or has available a firearm.
 2. Exposing or displaying a firearm in a manner that a reasonable person would understand was meant to protect the person against another's use or attempted use of unlawful physical force or deadly physical force.
 3. Placing the person's hand on a firearm while the firearm is contained in a pocket, purse or other means of containment or transport.
 - Brandishing is usually a bad idea. Know of the scene in Get Shorty where tuff guy shows his 357 stuck in his belt and the other tuff guy kills him in hail of bullets from his 9mm.
 If bad to think your life in danger to use deadly force, drawing firearm should be taken into account and not be brandishing. 2nd prob is: once drawn: now what? If BG or obnoxious brother in law doesn't skat, are you up and legally clear for using DF or hope he doesn't take firearm from you and do a nasty to you?
 - Great article….good reminder.
 (Everyone, myself included, has a love/hate relationship with Spellcheck, but it appears that spellcheck may have gotten the author, in one of the last sentences…. I'm pretty sure that you/he meant "brandishing" (to show) a weapon, not banishing…) it was such a good article/reminder, it seemed worth correcting, before it gets posted and reposted around the web.
 - JEEZUS Flucking Christ, MIKAL! (oops don't miss that spelling typo) What fucking Grammar NAZI troll farm did you come out of (oops again, ended a sentence with a preposition, naughty naughty!)
 But you do get the meaning, of what i'm trying to say here, don't you? Having an obsessive compulsive anal retentive obsession with noticing spelling and grammar diminishes your comprehension ability to discern the essence of the important information from an author who probably types faster than your mind can think.
 - Bad advice. Just because this cop is a "Southern Gentleman" who believes "a man's word is his bond" doesn't mean they all do. Lawyers, DAs and even cops will all tell you DON'T TALK TO THE COPS! See this 3 part video to start the conversation from a lawyer/former DA/ law professor: _URL_
 and this one from a cop: _URL_
 - Correct. NEVAAH…as they say down south, start to explain what happened at the scene to the responding officers. Obey his commands but if She starts to interrogate you in any way other than asking for your ID, which you give to the officer, and simply respond with, I feel very sick at the moment, think I shit in my pants. I can't even think right now. I just need to call someone to come help me pull myself together before I do anything else.'
 If they insist on taking you in to the station, then keep your trap shut (they call your mouth a 'trap' because you will Always get 'trapped in trouble' everytime you open it.) and wait politely but quietly until you get your lawyer present before answering ANY questions relating to what happened. PERIOD!
 If the officer doesn't stop interrogating you after that, clam up completely if they won't let you leave
 - It's because of our corrupt govt, that our rights have become so misconstrued and unrecognizable….this is the 2nd Amendment to the "Bill of Rights";
 This is an inherent right, to have the ability to protect ourselves, IT IS A RIGHT!!!, not a privilege given to you by govt, which at any time they could take away for any reason. BTW, your rights, can never be taken away, sold, bought for any price, bartered for, traded, exchanged, nor can they be infringed upon by ANY entity of govt or otherwise authoritative figure….they are your rights and you or anyone else does not have to ask permission to exercise them….no permits, no license….nothing….you/we are all suppose to be free and freedom loving people. When you take that license, permit and anything else that has to ask or have permission of authority or govt, you then do not have any rights, and you're not suppose to give them away to/or for anyone or anything….period, end of story…
 - Andrew,
 You are 100% right! The first ten amendments to our Constitution, our Bill of Rights, are unalienable or inherent rights and none of them can be taken away, voted away, reduced nor repealed. This is despite what many Democrats fantasize about doing in regard to our Second Amendment. These rights and not given nor granted to us as citizens by our government. In fact, the Founders repeatedly state this in their letters and the Federalist Papers. They clearly defined the Second Amendment as a way of protecting the other Amendments and thus the People from the Government.
 - I agree with your sentiments completely. The only problem is government and politicians keep taking bits and pieces and placing more limitations and requirements on this right and no one is standing up to them and telling them to stop; they allow this infringement by their silence and inaction. When others are willing to stand up with us and take this right back fully and completely all you are spouting is meaningless hyperbole.
 - Eagle Scout and ex cop should know the difference between the words brandishing and banishing, and when it is proper to use which word.
 - This is the most sticky, iffy areas today. Anyone watching the news knows George Zimmerman, Officer Wilson, Offer Slager and others. Slager is charged with Murder, the other two lives never the same. Few jurors ever experience Adrenal Dump. Those who have, even cops, may not know what it was or why what they believe they saw or heard is not factual. In a trial, need an expert to explain what most don't have a clue. Would like to see this explored.
 - It is vital that you be the first person to call 911; briefly explain an ambulance is required because you were attacked and you had to shoot to protect your life. If a bystander calls 911 and erroneously describes the scene as you being the bad guy, the dispatcher will relay that information to the responding LEO, who can also put your life in danger. Do not have anything in your hands when the LEO arrives – no gun, no phone, no license. The only exception would be if the aggressor is conscious and his gun is within reach.
 Toward the end of this article a photo shows the back of a person who has drawn his gun, which is pointing down by his knee, but he already has his finger in the trigger guard. This is a safety violation that should never happen if the person has been properly trained.