Create a Retro Urban Gig Poster in Photoshop
Digital graphics are largely dependent on the software used to create them. Given the clean, pixel-perfect nature of Photoshop, artworks always risk looking too perfect therefore it's important to learn how to bring nature's random variations into our digital creations. In this tutorial we'll create an atmospheric poster for a dance party using the textured, retro look that's so popular nowadays.
Tutorial Assets
We will make use of a texture and a photograph. Here are the download links:
Step 1
Create a new document in the B2 format which is traditionally associated with posters. It measures 500x707 mm and of course you should choose the CMYK color mode and 300 pixels/inch since we're designing for print (1a). Fill the canvas with a medium blue-green solid tint (1b).
Step 2
Hit B to activate the Brush Tool and select a very large, round and soft-edged brush preset. Pick a light blue-green shade and start painting randomly across the canvas (2a). Keep going using different hues, both light and dark blue, and vary the brush's diameter to create a hazy pattern of swirls (2b). Go to Filter > Blur > Gaussian Blur and use a high enough value to smooth the pattern, eliminating any visible harsh brush strokes you might have (2c, 2d).
Step 3
Pick a light yellow color and create a small circle on a separate layer (3a). Double click the layer to open the Layer Style window and add a 1px Stroke in the same color (3b). At the same time reduce the layer's fill to 0 so only the stroke will be visible. Reduce the Opacity to 50% also (3c).
Step 4
Duplicate the circle three times and vary the opacity of the copies. The largest circle's Fill should not be 0 but 10% (4a, 4b). Group the 4 circles together and scatter a few copies across the top section of the canvas, scaling them and making them more or less transparent (4c).
Step 5
Duplicate the background layer by first double-clicking it (to turn it into an editable layer) then hitting Command+J (5a). Go to Filter > Noise > Add Noise and choose 2% (5b). Now click on the mask button at the bottom of the Layers palette to give the layer a blank mask (5c). Click the mask then hit B to activate the Brush. The foreground/background colors will be automatically changed to white and black. Hitting X will reverse them. Paint black strokes on the canvas with the big soft brush tip you used earlier to erase some parts of the noisy background (5d). The result is barely visible at this resolution but now the background transitions smoothly from polished to noisy (5e). It's a subtle effect that can be skipped but it adds some nice little variation.
Step 6
Let's create an interesting line pattern to add complexity to the background.
Draw a vertical line with the Line Tool (U). Keep using the light yellow from the circles (6a). Make evenly spaced copies across the entire width of the poster (6b) then duplicate and rotate them 90 degrees to create the horizontals. Add the necessary lines to cover the height (6c).
Step 7
You can collapse the horizontal and vertical lines by grouping them together then hitting Command+E. You should have two layers now. Select the vertical lines and go to Filter > Distort > Wave. Use the settings in image 7a to turn them into an interesting broken pattern (7b). Now go to Filter > Distort > Polar Coordinates and make sure the first option, Rectangular to Polar, is selected and press OK (7c). Now the lines have been arranged into a one-point front perspective radial pattern (7d).
Step 8
Select the horizontal lines and apply the Twirl filter from the Distort group (8a). The lines now follow an uneven wavy arrangement that pulls slightly to the top right corner (8b). Reduce the Opacity to 50% (8c) then duplicate the lines. Rotate the new layer 90 degrees to create the vertical waves (8d). The circles may disappear under the grid so bump up their opacity to make them more visible (8e).
Step 9
Place the cardboard texture in the document and resize it to fit the canvas (9a). Switch it to the Multiply blending mode (9b). The shade looks good but it's a bit too dark. Bring up the Levels (Command+L) and move the center slider to the left to increase the overall brightness without changing the black and the white points (9c). Now the image is lighter (9d). The background is finished.
Step 10
Place the skyline picture at the bottom of the canvas (10a) and set it to Multiply (10b). Add a Hue/Saturation adjustment layer (or the corresponding Adjustment if you're in Photoshop CS4). Activate Colorize and match the sliders to image 10c until the buildings have a retro brown tint. Beware that the Adjustment will affect all layers underneath it so click on the clipping icon to affect only the skyline (10c, 10d).
Step 11
On a new layer behind the "cityscape" create a tall red rectangle to extend the leftmost skyscraper (11a). Change it to the Lighten mode, 60% opacity (11b). By the way, here's a screenshot of our layers so far (11c).
Step 12
As you can see the rectangle doesn't match the skyscraper's perspective (12a). Correct that by hitting Command+T (Free Transform) and by selecting Skew from the right-click menu. Skew the rectangle to the right until it matches the inclination of the building (12b). Now hit Q to enter Quick Mask mode. Paint the top of the rectangle with a soft black brush (12c) then hit Q again. A selection marquee will appear: click the Mask button to add it as a mask (See Step 5). The rectangle now fades away at the top (12d).
Step 13
Add a Ripple filter from the Distort group (13a) to make the rectangle wavy (13b). Now add a Radial Blur (from Filter > Blur) (13c) to turn the rectangle into a smoke column (13d).
Step 14
With the same technique create three shorter smoke columns behind the right-hand skyscrapers, fading them at about half the poster's height (14a). Activate the Custom Shape Tool (U) and choose the crescent shape from the shape menu (14b). Draw a crescent around the first circles we created, using the previous light yellow and setting the layer to the Overlay mode (14c).
Step 15
The necessary typography should be added in Illustrator because it handles type better than Photoshop but for the sake of this tutorial we'll stick to one software. Add a line of text in orange in Overlay mode so the background shows through (15a). Add the rest of the text in light yellow, Overlay mode (15b). Finally add a Drop Shadow to the main text and the crescent moon (15c) to make them easier to read (15d). The poster is finished.
In this tutorial we have seen how easy it is to create interesting patterns with simple lines and Photoshop's powerful Distort filters. Sometimes it's important to get rid of the over polished digital edge to avoid the otherwise inevitable uniform look. One way to do that is by employing textures and photographs. With minimal editing they can add a nice retro taste to any clean composition that needs a bit of grunginess.


How digital signage can promote safety and awareness across departments
BusinessDigital SignagePost-lockdown
5 min read
How digital signage can promote safety and awareness across departments
Angela Murphy
May 28th, 2020
This third installment of our post-lockdown series for work looks at how to keep department spaces safe and inspiring for team members.
Last week we offered examples of how digital signage can help promote safety and awareness in shared spaces such as hallways, office cafeterias, and reception areas. This week we're looking at the types of messaging and imagery that are relevant to different teams.
Workspaces are often organized by department, meaning that colleagues who work closely together will occupy a space that's more or less fixed. Work stations are more static than meeting rooms or other shared spaces where employees and guests are constantly coming and going. When it comes to sending messages and fostering a particular atmosphere with digital signage, there are two implications specific to department spaces where the same people tend to inhabit the same area every day. The first is that the content on display can be tailor-made for a very specific group of people. The second that digital signage messages are more likely to be seen.
Here are some examples of how digital signage can be used to help to encourage teams while minimizing the risk of contagion within and across departments.
Use Trello boards to stay on track with team projects
Project management boards like Trello's help to track shared projects, offering a visual summary of which tasks have been done, what's currently being worked on, and what's still left to tackle. Consider the example of the HR department, known in some companies as the People Team. This task force is often responsible for reintroducing employees to their familiar-yet-new workplaces. A Trello board can be used to help the HR/People team band together and stay on track with plans for a safe reopening. Lists of tasks can also be organized based on deadlines, such as "2 weeks before reopening", "1 week before reopening", and "The day of reopening".
A shared Trello board can help to transform a whirlwind of to-dos into an achievable quest for any department where collaborative work is ongoing. You can even use boards to sync between teams, such as when customer support submits a task/request for the engineering team. The communications department can organize a Trello board to keep an eye on content ideas that have been approved and those that are still pending.
Use dashboards to reinforce sales targets and (healthy) competition
As the world works through a recession, any sales outreach has to be tactful. Demand for your product or service may have decreased. That said, those who work in sales still have a job to do, and they shouldn't feel bad about doing it. While every department plays a key role, your sales team might need more encouragement than normal to balance the dynamics of advocating for a product or service while not coming off as pushy or insensitive.
Well-designed dashboards that reinforce sales targets and display time-specific progress can help teams visualize progress. Such designs can even gamify work by using targets to encourage healthy competition among colleagues. For example, a dashboard can include a picture that celebrates "Sales Rep of the Week" or "Account Manager of the Month". You can spread the appreciation around by having various awards based on different products or services sold, total calls completed, etc. Success should be shared, especially when a department-wide milestone is reached. But recognizing individual achievement also goes a long way.
Use slideshows to promote cleanliness
Slide shows can be used across every department. They offer a format where text and imagery can be easily combined and updated remotely. Any changes that are made are synced to the screen in real-time, as everything is online. A picture can say a thousand words, but for anyone who doesn't "get the picture", it doesn't hurt to add a few words to hammer the message home. In other words, slideshows are ideal for supporting new health and safety efforts.
Many organizations are now legally mandated to have their office cleaned more regularly than they're used to. To help this transition, images can instruct employees to keep surfaces as tidy as possible so that surfaces are easy to wipe down. Ask everyone to clear away dishes or litter left around their desk, as the alternative means unnecessary work for the cleaning crew. The new layout of your department may also require larger spaces between desks, barriers being installed between workstations, or paths being made one-way to avoid colleagues getting too close as they go back and forth to the restroom or coffee machine. All of these guidelines (and more) can be highlighted with the help of images and text displayed on a loop.
Use playlists to keep it interesting
Playlists in Airtame Cloud let you combine a variety of content, including those listed above. This helps to keep things fresh so that a team doesn't see the same message every time they glance at the screens displayed around their department. You can customize a playlist so that content changes after a specific amount of time and last-minute changes can be easily accommodated if you want to send out the day's news as it unfolds.
Learn more
Whether you work in communications or IT, human resources, or upper management, digital signage is relevant to your safety. You can have a say in what's on display.
Using digital signage with solutions like Airtame Cloud is both efficient and hygienic, as remote access to every screen allows for fast, bulk updates while avoiding physical contact with remote controls and touchscreens. It's also cost-effective considering how most organizations already own many screens that are not being used to their full potential. There's no limit to the number of screens you can access or the number of colleagues who can have access.
And don't forget that any Airtame-equipped screen also offers wireless screen sharing, keeping presenters safe without the need to share any cables or dongles that may be contaminated.
Contact us to learn more.
Interested? Let's talk.
Angela Murphy
I translate technical features into benefits that everyone can understand.
See Airtame in action


text:
If you want to improve your peak, it is critical to prevent the issues that can stunt your progress. Undertaking so, will aid you to squeeze out the important HGH or human progress hormone that your pituitary gland secretes hence supporting you to realize your optimum peak likely. It is ineffective to do the issues that can aid to improve peak if you are also undertaking the issues that can stunt your progress. For instance, Having loads of protein foodstuff which aids to improve your peak and at the very same time eating as well a lot carbohydrate foodstuff is totally ineffective simply because those two have reverse results on the generation of HGH.
So what are the aspects that can stunt your progress? Here are some of the aspects that will stunt your peak, make confident to prevent these issues if you want to grow taller normally. Let's start with "Lack of Slumber".
Lack of Slumber:
We know how critical the "slumber" is when it comes to our progress and progress. Our pituitary gland generates the major quantity of HGH during slumber so its just make feeling that "Lack of Slumber" will definitely prevent you from rising taller simply because it only signifies depriving your system of a big quantity of the HGH it generates. So, make confident that you are acquiring at minimum 8 hours of slumber each night.
Also Considerably Carbohydrate:
When I was a baby, I keep in mind my mother and father usually advised me "Try to eat far more rice if you want to grow taller quickly" but unidentified to me and my mother and father at that time, as well a lot carbohydrates really stunts individual's peak. Though, it give us whole lot of energy, as well a lot of it has stunting effect simply because it raises the insulin levels in our system. Surge of insulin tends to swap off the GH generation. This is the cause why Asian nations around the world that usually have as well a lot carbohydrate in their diet like rice and corn have these types of a brief common peak compare to other nations around the world.
Cigarette Cigarette smoking:
Cigarette Cigarette smoking is also one particular detail that end your peak from escalating. When you are using tobacco the amount of oxygen in your blood decreases when at the very same time the destructive substances that cigarette generates like the carbon monoxide boosts. We know how critical the oxygen is when it comes to our health. Carbon monoxide robs your brain, muscle mass and system tissue of oxygen poorly impacting the health and of course our body's progress. Apart from its stunting effect, cigarette using tobacco can also lead emphysema, lung cancer, and hearth illness. So if you are using tobacco, superior end it now prior to it potential customers to these diseases.
Ingesting Soda is also one particular detail that can also prevent you from rising taller. Carbonated drinks deplete calcium in our bone. And aside from that, soda also incorporates loads of phosphorous that poorly impacts your body's calcium absorption. So getting calcium dietary supplements when consuming soda isn't going to aid. It is like you are not getting calcium at all. We know how critical the calcium to our bone's progress. So continue to be absent from carbonated drinks if you want to grow taller normally.
Source by Denz Pogi

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


to
sort out.
lines from both versions, instead of leaving conflict
markers. This tends to leave the added lines in the
resulting file in random order and the user should
verify the result. Do not use this if you do not
understand the implications.
Defining a custom merge driver
The definition of a merge driver is done in the '.git/config'
file, not in the 'gitattributes' file, so strictly speaking this
To define a custom merge driver 'filfre', add a section to your
[merge "filfre"]
name = feel-free merge driver
driver = filfre %O %A %B
recursive = binary
The 'merge.*.name' variable gives the driver a human-readable
The 'merge.*.driver' variable's value is used to construct a
command to run to merge ancestor's version ('%O'), current
version ('%A') and the other branches' version ('%B'). These
three tokens are replaced with the names of temporary files that
hold the contents of these versions when the command line is
the file named with '%A' by overwriting it, and exit with zero
were conflicts.
The 'merge.*.recursive' variable specifies what other merge
driver to use when the merge driver is called for an internal
merge between common ancestors, when there are more than one.
When left unspecified, the driver itself is used for both
internal merge and the final merge.
Checking whitespace errors
The 'core.whitespace' configuration variable allows you to define what
'diff' and 'apply' should consider whitespace errors for all paths in
the project (See linkgit:git-config[1]). This attribute gives you finer
control per path.
Notice all types of potential whitespace errors known to git.
Do not notice anything as error.
Use the value of 'core.whitespace' configuration variable to
decide what to notice as error.
Specify a comma separate list of common whitespace problems to
notice in the same format as 'core.whitespace' configuration
If you have these three 'gitattributes' file:
(in $GIT_DIR/info/attributes)
a* foo!bar -baz
(in.gitattributes)
abc foo bar baz
(in t/.gitattributes)
ab* merge=filfre
abc -foo -bar
*.c frotz
the attributes given to path 't/abc' are computed as follows:
1. By examining 't/.gitattributes' (which is in the same
line matches. 'merge' attribute is set. It also finds that
the second line matches, and attributes 'foo' and 'bar'
are unset.
2. Then it examines '.gitattributes' (which is in the parent
directory), and finds that the first line matches, but
't/.gitattributes' file already decided how 'merge', 'foo'
and 'bar' attributes should be given to this path, so it
leaves 'foo' and 'bar' unset. Attribute 'baz' is set.
3. Finally it examines '$GIT_DIR/info/attributes'. This file
a match, and 'foo' is set, 'bar' is reverted to unspecified
state, and 'baz' is unset.
As the result, the attributes assignment to 't/abc' becomes:
foo set to true
bar unspecified
baz set to false
merge set to string value "filfre"
frotz unspecified
Creating an archive
If the attribute 'export-subst' is set for a file then git will expand
several placeholders when adding this file to an archive. The
expansion depends on the availability of a commit ID, i.e. if
linkgit:git-archive[1] has been given a tree instead of a commit or a
as those for the option '--pretty=format:' of linkgit:git-log[1],
except that they need to be wrapped like this: '$Format:PLACEHOLDERS$'
in the file. E.g. the string '$Format:%H$' will be replaced by the
commit hash.
Part of the linkgit:git[7] suite


text:
Isadora Duncan loved teaching children in particular the joy of movement through dance. She opened several dance schools for youngsters in Europe and Russia.
Something in the Way She Moves
Isadora Duncan is born in San Francisco, California
Inspired by everything from ancient Greek art to the power of nature embodied in rushing rivers and rainy weather, Isadora Duncan poured all she had into dancing, which she believed to be the body's expression of the soul's innermost desires. She rejected classical ballet as too confining and controlled.
A true free spirit, Duncan brought a new athleticism to dancing; her choreography was full of leaps and jumps and skips. Barefoot, her long hair flying, dressed in Grecian-inspired flowing tunics, she was a captivating sight as she danced. She taught her students that the energy they need for dance originated in the solar plexus, a group of nerves in the body's abdominal region.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
|Hash and Hash Iterator Object Language Elements|
|Applies to:||Hash object|
|rc=object.EQUALS(HASH: 'object', RESULT: variable name);|
specifies whether the method succeeded or failed.
A return code of zero indicates success; a nonzero value indicates failure. If you do not supply a return code variable for the method call and the method fails, then an appropriate error message is written to the log.
specifies the name of a hash object.
specifies the name of the second hash object that is compared to the first hash object.
specifies the name of a numeric variable name to hold the result. If the hash objects are equal, the result variable is 1. Otherwise, the result variable is zero.
The following example compares H1 to H2 hash objects:
length eq k 8; declare hash h1(); h1.defineKey('k'); h1.defineDone(); declare hash h2(); h2.defineKey('k'); h2.defineDone(); rc = h1.equals(hash: 'h2', result: eq); if eq then put 'hash objects equal'; else put 'hash objects not equal';
The two hash objects are defined as equal when all of the following conditions occur:
Both hash objects are the same size--that is, the HASHEXP sizes are equal.
Both hash objects have the same number of items--that is, H1.NUM_ITEMS = H2.NUM_ITEMS.
Both hash objects have the same key and data structure.
In an unordered iteration over H1 and H2 hash objects, each successive record from H1 has the same key and data fields as the corresponding record in H2--that is, each record is in the same position in each hash object and each such record is identical to the corresponding record in the other hash object.
In the following example, the first return call to EQUALS returns a nonzero value and the second return call returns a zero value.
data x; length k eq 8; declare hash h1(); h1.defineKey('k'); h1.defineDone(); declare hash h2(); h2.defineKey('k'); h2.defineDone(); k = 99; h1.add(); h2.add(); rc = h1.equals(hash: 'h2', result: eq); put eq=; k = 100; h2.replace(); rc = h1.equals(hash: 'h2', result: eq); put eq=; run;


text:
R (Maughan) v Senior Coroner for Oxfordshire EWCA Civ 809:
Suicide, Unlawful Killing and the Standard of Proof
During the inquest into the death of Mr Maughan, an inmate at HMP Bullingdon, the coroner ruled that there was insufficient evidence upon which the jury could reach a short form conclusion of suicide. However, he posed three questions for the jury to answer as part of a narrative conclusion, applying the civil standard of proof, which in essence invited a finding of suicide.
On appeal in July last year the Divisional Court took the opportunity to reformulate the appropriate burden of proof for a finding of suicide. Undaunted by 35 years of apparently settled law, it considered the civil standard, not the criminal, should apply.
The Court of Appeal has now endorsed this view.
In doing so it overturned the decision in R v West London Coroner, ex parte Gray 1 QB 66, and distinguished the Court of Appeal's remarks in R v Wolverhampton Coroner, ex parte McCurbin 1 WLR 719 on the basis it was an unlawful killing case. Looking at the issue as one of principle it noted:
"The central point is then, in my view, that there seems a very real inconsistency in adopting a criminal standard of proof for a short-form conclusion but a civil standard of proof in a narrative conclusion. Where is the logic and sense in that hybrid approach? I cannot discern any. Moreover, not only would it create difficulties for juries in having differing standards of proof relating to various findings within its conclusions, depending on their nature, but also it could tend to create difficulties or confusion in terms of public perception of the outcome."
It considered the civil standard should apply to suicides for the following reasons –
- The "essence" of an inquest is investigative. It does not make findings of guilty or liability. Consequently, "The underpinning rationale for the need to have a criminal standard of proof in criminal proceedings simply has no obvious grip in inquest proceedings, given their nature." As it had earlier noted, the basis for a higher standard of proof in criminal proceedings, after all, "ultimately rest(s) on the serious consequences: potential loss of good character and, in particular, of liberty for the defendant, coupled with concern for the risk of condemning the innocent".
- Suicide is no longer a crime.
- Civil courts apply the civil standard "even when the proposed subject of proof may constitute a crime or suicide".
- Obligations under Article 2 – the proper investigation of a death – "strongly supports the application of the (lower) civil standard".
- Applying a civil standard to narrative conclusion of suicide "would cohere with the standard which is on any view applicable to other potential aspects of the narrative conclusion (for example, whether reasonable preventative measures should or could have been taken and so on)".
The Court of Appeal also provided useful obiter regarding the criminal standard for lawful killing. It observed
"there is a very powerful case for saying that the civil standard of proof should apply to all inquests in all respects: and in particular, for these purposes, that it should apply to cases of unlawful killing. Such an approach would reflect the essentially inquisitorial nature of an inquest; would reflect the importance of the need to investigate the circumstances of death where s.5(2) applies [i.e. Article 2]; would promote consistency of approach both with regard to the findings reached within each potential conclusion and with regard to all other conclusions available to an inquest; and would accord with the general approach to proof of criminality adopted in civil cases."
Nonetheless, the decision in McCurbin – overlooked by the Divisional Court – remained binding. It is a position which is not "devoid of supporting arguments". In particular, despite the fact an inquest is not supposed to assign blame, the term "unlawful killing" connotes a crime. The identity of the individuals responsible is likely to have been made clear in the inquest. It may be unfair to the individual concerned to have such a finding made to a lower standard than would apply in a criminal court.
The court ended its judgment by observing how unfortunate it was that the issue of the appropriate standard of proof was not properly articulated in the coroner's rules itself – surely a strong hint to the Ministry of Justice. Until such a review is undertaken, however, this judgment has at least provided certainty at last.


text:
"You plumbing system should be silent as much as possible. But when you hear number of noises, then you must wonder why it is so. Each noise tells you something about what is calling out for correction. You just have to interpret the sound to apply the cure."
Water flowing in pipes can cause all kinds of weird noises. We all know what water running through a pipe sounds like, but what about some of those other plumbing sounds – like creaks or cracking sounds, rattling, whistling and the most annoying or scary of them all, that loud banging noise? Let's look at what causes those sounds and how you can fix them.
Creaks or a cracking sound
These are usually caused by the expansion and contraction of the water pipes themselves. As hot water runs through a pipe, it naturally heats the pipe, causing it to expand slightly. Once the water stops flowing, the pipe cools and the metal contracts, resulting in the creaking or cracking sound. The easiest way to fix this is to put some insulation around the pipe, or if the pipe is running through a tight fitting hole in the wood framing, cut a notch in the framing so the pipe can expand and then contract without that creaking sound.
|Here the water pipe is wrapped securely to keep it from banging against the air duct.|
The cause and remedy are similar to the cracking sound. The rattling sound comes from the pressure of water running through a loosely attached pipe, causing it to vibrate slightly. When a loose pipe vibrates against something solid, like framing or the strapping designed to hold it tightly, you hear the rattling sound. Stopping the pipe from vibrating will fix the rattle. Put some cushioning around the pipe or …
Read more: _URL_


text:
GREEN TWP. -- A town that isn't going to jump off the Wayne County map to the eye of perusers anymore is Georgetown. This village, well known to 19th century residents, has all but disappeared from the 21st century landscape, and it takes a little knowledge and research even to locate what remains of it.
Georgetown was a pioneer town located in the Little Chippewa Valley between Egypt Road and Stuckey's Corners on the historic Portage Trail, which ran from the Cuyahoga River Valley to Killbuck Creek.
Georgetown was named in honor of pioneer farmer George Starn who built several houses in the community, as well as the schoolhouse, in 1875. The location that was Georgetown encompasses the area where Egypt Road, Fox Lake Road, Blough Road and Akron Road (585) come together. In the mid-1800s, it was a thriving area that anticipated even better economic times when the railroad came through.
In fact, a railroad right of way was surveyed from Orrville down along Little Chippewa Creek. This route, however, had to be canceled with the discovery of deep deposits of peat and quicksand. Due to the lack of a railroad, Georgetown ultimately died and Smithville grew after receiving the nod for rail transportation.
But while it existed, Georgetown was a bustling place. The town -- actually the location of the second settlement in Green Township -- was anchored by the Midway House Inn stagecoach stop. It was so named because it stood about halfway between Doylestown and Wooster and made a good place to stop for refreshments.
In addition, there was a grist mill on Little Chippewa Creek, a general store, brickyard which made bricks for a number of residential and commercial structures in the vicinity, the Martin Blacksmith Shop, D.H. Harter Tannery, a sawmill, two stone quarries, ice house, mail stop, Green Township School District No. 2 and the Union Church built in 1864. One of the most unique features of the town was the Georgetown Seminary, which in 1875 boasted more than 100 enrolled students.
Just outside of Georgetown stood the Egypt Farm stone house built in 1833. Egypt Road actually derives its name from the bank barn which still stands on this farm. Inside the barn is a threshing apparatus that longtime owner the late Ervin Martin said replicated a device commonly used in Egypt. A pivoting pole about 12 feet in length extended from the center beam of the barn downward through a hole in the floor directly underneath it.
To this pole was hitched a heavy wooden sledge equipped with rollers, which was drawn by horses around and around over the sheaves of grain piled on the barn floor. The rollers and horse thus separated the grain from the chaff, saving the farmer from the laborious chore of flailing.
Source: "History of Smithville & Surrounding Area" by Joseph Irvin
Monday: William Long was builder extraordinaire
Reporter Paul Locher can be reached at _PHONE_ or _EMAIL_.


text:
MAZZEI® VENTURI INJECTORS
Mazzei venturi injectors are differential pressure injectors with internal mixing vanes. Superiority of Mazzei injectors is due to the unique, patented design which maximizes injector efficiency, suction capacity and mixing capabilities. The operating costs of Mazzei injectors are lower than less efficient systems, and Mazzei injectors are trouble-free because they have no moving parts.
How a Mazzei® Venturi Injector Works
When pressurized water enters the injector inlet, it is constricted toward the injection chamber and changes into a high-velocity jet stream. The increase in velocity through the injection chamber results in a decrease in absolute pressure, creating a vacuum, thereby enabling an additive material to be drawn through the suction port and entrained into the water stream. As the jet stream is diffused toward the injector outlet, its velocity is reduced and it is reconverted into lower pressure energy.
Mazzei venturi injectors operate over a wide range of pressures and require only a minimal pressure differential between the inlet and outlet sides to initiate a vacuum at the suction port. The injectors' internal mixing vanes create thousands of micro bubbles which greatly increases the surface area of gas (oxygen, ozone, etc.) in contact with the liquid (several micro bubbles have a greater surface area than one large bubble of the same volume).
Mazzei Injector Performance Tables in US and Metric Units.
The performance tables are divided into two sections: Liquid Suction and Gas Suction,
or, use the Injector Selector Tool (button below) —an injector sizing calculator for liquid to liquid mixing
- Proven performance with years of expected service
- No electrical connections needed
- Can run dry with no problems
- Considerable cost savings versus other injection methods
- Safe to use as the chemicals are injected under vacuum, not pressure
- Injectors are available in stainless steel, Polypropylene (PP), Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF), natural PVDF or Ethylene Chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE)
- Highly resistant to most acids and alkalis
- Versatile and cost effective
- High tensile strength
- Light weight and rigid
Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF):
- PVDF is an advanced thermoplastic that is superior to other types including PVC, Polypropylene, & Polyethylene
- Higher pressure and temperature handling capabilities
- Resistant to ozone
- Resistant to Chlorine, Sulfuric and Nitric Acids
- Better abrasion and wear resistance
- Sunlight (UV) resistant
Ethylene Chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE):
- High purity
- Flame resistant
- Impact resistant
- Excellent weatherability
- Low permeability
Potable water and the food and beverage industries use stainless steel injectors. They ensure absolute performance, longer life and compliance with FDA and international standards for food processing.


text:
The U.S. Dept. of Energy's Jeffrey M. Baker, the visionary behind the nation's newest symbol for sustainability, loves to recount the tale of the dreaded Kobayashi Maru test. For Baker, the fictional test from the "Star Trek" series is an allegory that became a guidepost during his 15-year crusade to develop a replicable model for the design and construction of affordable, ultra-green buildings.
As Baker tells it, Capt. James T. Kirk had failed the leadership training exercise twice as a cadet. Since Kirk knew the test, a simulated rescue mission, was rigged for failure, he secretly reprogrammed the simulator to give him at least a fair shot at victory. When Kirk took the test, he managed to rescue the disabled Kobayashi Maru, a distressed freighter stuck in the enemy's neutral zone, and destroy all the enemy warships. While he had bent the rules, he became the first cadet to pass the test, thanks to his determination and outside-the-box thinking.
Like his fictional hero, Baker never gave up on his green-building odyssey, despite two devastating defeats along the way. And when faced with no-win scenarios, he changed the rules of the game. "Kirk knew what he had to do, and he figured out a way to work through it," says Baker, director of laboratory operations in the Golden, Colo., field office of the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE). "It's a great philosophy," adds Baker, who oversees the energy department's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), also in Golden.
Also like Kirk, Baker ultimately turned his monumental mission into a mission accomplished. The lab's $80-million Research Support Facility (RSF) open last June, in large part due to Baker's persistence. The 220,000-sq-ft office building, packed with proven energy-efficient technologies, beats the national standard for energy consumption by 50%. Within months, the facility will rank as the world's largest net-zero energy-use building, thanks to several photovoltaic arrays, which when complete, will produce as much energy as the building uses annually.
"This is going to change the way we think about energy performance in office buildings," says Baker.
The facility also stands as a showcase for green-building technologies, some developed at the lab. The building also is a living laboratory for the study of sustainable operations, which is part of the lab's mission to research, develop, demonstrate and deploy renewable energy and energy-efficient technologies.
"One of the most cost-effective ways for businesses to save money and improve their economic competitiveness is to reduce the energy needed to power their buildings and facilities," says U.S. Energy Secretary Steven Chu. "[The RSF] is leading the way for the private sector by showing, firsthand, that it is possible to cost-effectively build facilities that reduce energy waste and save thousands of dollars on energy bills."
Along the journey, the building team devised a new project delivery model for affordable, ultra-green office buildings. The performance-based, design-build model is considered revolutionary for the government and radical for the private sector. The lab will soon release a how-to manual to help others adapt the model.
|Do the right thing|
|Don't let the perfect get in the way of the good|
|Never let them see you sweat|
|Always protect your people|
|Sometimes it's better to ask forgiveness than permission|
|Never take no for an answer|
|Always keep your powder dry|
|Keep a sense of humor|
|It's all good (even when it's bad)|
For kicking open doors to extreme energy conservation and catalyzing the creation of a replicable delivery model for affordable, ultra-green buildings as well as triggering a transformation in the nation's building energy future, Jeffrey M. Baker has been voted the 2011 Award of Excellence winner by the editors of Engineering News-Record.


Should You Use a Comma Before Such As?
Updated: | Grammar vincent d'eletto wordagents ceo Vincent D'Eletto
Commas often present difficulties for some because of all the rules you need to remember. The correct use of a comma before such as is easy if you know how to recognize a nonessential clause.
At a Glance
 - She read many classics, such as "Our Mutual Friend" and "Moby Dick." [CORRECT]
 - He planned his vacation so that he could visit places such as the Grand Canyon. [CORRECT]
Essential Clauses
An essential or restrictive clause is a vital part of a sentence because of the meaning it adds to the entire thought. If you remove it, you risk distorting the context and misleading the reader. It is often introduced in a sentence with words like that, who or which. Since it's part of the meat of the sentence, you won't see commas around it. The clause is part of its flow.
 - The boy who lives next door is on my son's hockey team.
 - Jack did not get the job that was posted.
Nonessential Clauses
Nonessential or nonrestrictive clauses are asides that you'll see in a sentence. Words like which and who signal their presence. On a side note, you should only use the word, that, to introduce essential clauses to be grammatically correct. You can remove nonessential clauses without distorting the meaning of the sentence. That brings us to the comma before such as question.
When to Use a Comma
Using a comma with the phrase, such as, depends on whether or not it introduces an essential or nonessential clause. That may sound easier than it looks because it relies on understanding the overall concept. The problem is that a grammar checker might not flag this type of error. It's the kind of thing that requires a set of human eyes to make the sentence right.
Now, let's remove the clause beginning with such as in this example. Foods are my favorite meals. Well, it may be true, but certainly, the context is lost with the removal of the clause. Therefore, it is an essential phrase, meaning there is no comma before such as.
 - Foods such as pasta and steak are my favorite meals.
Let's try another one. If you remove the part after work, the meaning of the sentence remains intact, albeit, without the extra info. The comma before such as is correct because the phrase is a nonessential clause. You can safely delete it if you want without losing the context.
 - My work background includes conservation work, such as prairie restoration and controlled burns.
Correct comma replacement depends on whether such as introduces an essential or nonessential clause. If it is nonessential, proper grammar includes the comma. And if it is essential, you don't need the comma.
 - His garden was filled with native plants, such as big bluestem and coneflower. [NONESSENTIAL]
 - Classes such as algebra are essential to understanding chemistry. [ESSENTIAL]
An easy way to test yourself is to remove the clause and see if the meaning of the sentence has changed. That's why understanding the context is crucial for using commas correctly.
vincent d'eletto wordagents ceo Vincent D'Eletto
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Thu, August 5, 2021
Home / Cannabis News / Study: Marijuana is Safer than Alcohol
Study: Marijuana is Safer than Alcohol
Marijuana Safer Alcohol
A person is over 100 more times likely to die from overdosing on alcohol than from marijuana, a scientific study has recently found.
The study, published in Scientific Reports journal, compared the risks associated with 10 substances using the margin of exposure approach; which compares a lethal dose of the substance with the dosage typically taken by recreational users. Some of the substances tested included nicotine and alcohol, as well as other substances such as cocaine, heroin, ecstasy (MDMA) and methamphetamines.
The findings were astounding. They revealed that the mortality risk to individuals posed by marijuana was approximately 114 times less than that of alcohol. Marijuana, in fact, was the only substance to be classified as 'low risk' among all the substances, while alcohol posed the highest risk to individuals and was ranked alongside nicotine, heroin and cocaine as 'high risk'.
In conclusion, the study suggested that tobacco and alcohol should be prioritized in terms of risk, and suggested that governments should legalize and regulate the use of marijuana as opposed to the current practice of full prohibition.
Arizona Cannabis News and Info
AZ Cannabis Updates


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Professionalism/Frederic Whitehurst and the FBI
Background of FBI
After a controversial court case ruling in the 1886 Supreme Court case, Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railway Company v. Illinois, it was determined that states had no power to regulate interstate commerce. As a result of this, the Interstate commerce Act and committee were created delegating the responsibility of interstate law enforcement to the national government. However, due to the committee's staff and funding shortage, in the early 1900's attorney general Charles Bonaparte moved to create a formal Bureau of Investigation (BOI), which was originally staffed by 12 secret service agents. By the early 1930's under the leadership of John Edgar Hoover, the BOI expanded to several hundred Federal employees and was officially renamed the Federal Bureau of Investigation or FBI. In 1932, the Scientific Crime detection Laboratory was opened to provide forensic analysis for evidence such as hair, fingerprints, and is the central location of Mr. Frederic Whitehurst's story.
Frederic Whitehurst and Michael Malone
Frederic Whitehurst had a Ph.D. in chemistry from Duke and a J.D. from Georgetown. He joined the FBI in 1982. He worked in Houston and Los Angeles as a special agent, and at this time, his biggest gripe was about how other agents padded their time cards. When he was moved to the lab to be the top explosives-residue expert, he immediately found many problems in the lab. He questioned colleagues' work, and had an issue with the clutter in the labs, he felt there was too much contamination of evidence. He cared so much about the state of the lab that he spent nights, weekends, and holidays cleaning the lab and replacing equipment with state-of the-art equipment.
In the fall of 1990, he had a conversation with Bill Tobin, who also worked for the FBI, about how they hate when agents misuse their frequent flier miles. Tobin told Whitehurst about a colleague who might have been conducting his lab work while staying faithful to his law enforcement team. That would be would be Michael Malone. He had a bachelor's and master's degree in biology, after teaching high school for 2 years he joined the FBI as a special agent in 1970. After 4 years as a criminal investigator, he was assigned to the crime lab.
He worked in the lab for 25 years as a hair and fiber analyst. He testified in 5000 criminal trials. He was extremely popular with prosecutors, and was famous for being able to come up with evidence when there were no eyewitnesses, no confessions, and no motives to send people to prison or death row. The more he seemed to do this, the more prosecutors' seeked him out for their cases. He worked in many high-profile cases.
Tobin actually told Whitehurst that he saw Malone manipulate evidence in a high profile case. His accusations referenced the Hastings case, which was a federal judge who was convicted of taking a bribe. He also testified against Charles Fain, who was sentenced to death row for murder and rape of a nineyear -old girl, he had served 18 years on death row before the Department of Justice acknowledged the mistakes Malone made, and that real evidence showed it his innocence. Donald Gates was another innocent man found guilty on Malone's testimony for rape and murder, but he had to do 28 years before they let him out.
When Whitehurst blew the whistle, he got suspended from work, and the FBI immediately came down on him for "bashing" the FBI crime lab. Malone himself claims he never did anything wrong, he admits that sometimes he testified as a laymen, not an expert, but claims that was always known. He admits that he "misspoke" on several occasions, but denies doing it on purpose. He says he never favored prosecutors.
Department of Justice Report
Incited by Whitehurst's numerous allegations, the Department of Justice (DOJ) and Office of the Inspector General (OIG) carried out an investigation into the practices and alleged misconduct of the FBI Laboratory culminating in a special report released April 1997. This investigation looked into possible FBI misconduct in the investigation of the following high profile cases:
- Mail Bomb murder of judge Robert Vance and others (VANPAC Case)
- 1993 World Trade Center bombing
- 1993 Kuwait assassination attempt on President Bush
- 1989 Avianca Airlines flight 203 bombing
- The O.J. Simpson Case
- 1995 Oklahoma City Bombing
In each case Frederic Whitehurst provided allegations against the FBI Lab both in their analysis of the evidence and statements made during the subsequent trials. After investigation into these allegations, the DOJ agreed with some dismissed others, and provided their suggestions into the future course of the FBI Laboratory.
World Trade Center Bombing
On February 26, 1993 a truck exploded at the world trade center, killing 6 and injuring many more. The FBI explosives lab ran an analysis of the debris in order to identify what type of explosive was used. During the investigation of a piece of debris, unit chief Roger Martz and chemist Lynn Lasswell claimed they detected urea nitrate. Urea Nitrate is a component found in fertilizer and can be used to create an explosive device. The confirmation of the presence of urea nitrate would have been useful to the prosecution in proving a urea nitrate explosive was used. However, the laboratory's conclusions concerned Whitehurst. Whitehurst knew that the lab was only capable of detecting urea and nitric acid separately, and both could have come from other sources such as sewage. To test the practices of the lab, Whitehurst sent two samples to the lab: one sample containing urea nitrate and another contained a sample of Whitehurst's own urine. The FBI lab concluded both samples tested positive for urea nitrate, proving that the lab's conclusions about the WTC debris were unfounded. However it is important to note that this issue was resolved to Whitehurst's content before the trial commenced.
During the trial United States vs. Salameh, SSA David Williams testified as an examiner of the FBI Lab Explosives Unit. Whitehurst raised several concerns about William's testimony, stating he misrepresented the truth, testified outside his area of expertise, and presented biased testimony in favor of guilt. Specifically, Whitehurst was concerned about the validity of the specific formula Williams used to create urea nitrate to be used as a comparison, William's opinion on the ability of the defendant to create urea nitrate, and whether urea nitrate was even used in the explosion. After the investigation, the DOJ concluded that Williams had committed troubling errors. "We are profoundly disturbed by Williams' testimony in the Salameh trial… the testimony lacked the objectivity, credibility, and competence demanded of examiners in the FBI Laboratory".
On November 27, 1989, Avianca Airlines flight 203 from Bogota Colombia exploded shortly after takeoff, killing 107 people on board including 2 Americans. The FBI explosives lab aided in the investigation and eventually the trial USA vs Munoz commenced to prosecute for the bombing. SSA Richard Hahn from the explosives unit was assigned both to the investigation and to testify during the trial. Whitehurst claimed that during the investigation the trial, Hahn fabricated evidence, committed perjury, and testified outside his area of expertise. Specifically, Whitehurst was concerned about Hahn's conclusions on the type of explosive used, and Hahn's disregard for Whitehurst's findings that proved contradictory to Hahn's testimony. In this case, the DOJ disagreed with Whitehurst on most cases stating Hahn did not commit perjury, fabricate evidence, or intend to mislead the court. However, the DOJ report did conclude that this case exemplifies the need for FBI lab technicians to "base conclusions on confirmed findings and testify within their areas of expertise".
The DOJ findings on these two cases shed light on both the FBI Laboratory and Frederic Whitehurst. The WTC bombing case showed that the FBI lab was capable of prematurely coming to conclusions that appeared to benefit the prosecution. Both examples also shared the issue of FBI agents testifying in court outside of their expertise. However, the Avianca case reveals that, at least according to the DOJ, Whitehurst could sometime be overzealous in his accusations. It is clear that Whitehurst allegations caused much needed changes to the FBI laboratory, but is it possible he took his allegations too far?
Some of the major findings and subsequent outcomes of Whitehurst's whistleblowing can be found below.
As discussed above, Whitehurst made hundreds of specific claims and allegations against the Laboratory's procedures. Some of the more commonly reported problems included:
- Scientifically flawed and Inaccurate testimonies
- Insufficient documentation of test results and inadequate record management
- Scientifically flawed reports and improperly prepared lab reports
- Testimony beyond an examiner's expertise
- Management failures and an overall flawed staffing structure (particularly within the Explosives Unit)
As a result of Whitehurst's whistleblowing, the FBI was forced to undergo forty major reforms and procedural overhauls. Some of the more significant reforms included:
- The Lab was required to receive accreditation from the American Society of Crime Laboratory Directors/Laboratory Accreditation Board (ASCLD/LAB). This highly criticial accreditation board required a strict overhaul of many of the laboratory's policies and practices
- A complete reconstruction of the Explosives Unit (EU). One issue addressed was that the EU personnel were not forensic scientists. The reform required that all EU personnel have both the necessary scientific background in a relevant scientific field as well as proper technical training to ensure accurate conduction of tests and experiments.
- Final reports were


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Statutes in Common Law Courts
63 Pages Posted: 19 Mar 2012 Last revised: 26 Feb 2013
Date Written: February 25, 2013
The Supreme Court teaches that federal courts, unlike their counterparts in the states, are not general common law courts. Nevertheless, a perennial point of contention among federal law scholars is whether and how a court's common law powers affect its treatment of statutes. Textualists point to federal courts' lack of common law powers to reject purposivist statutory interpretation. Critics of textualism challenge this characterization of federal courts' powers, leveraging a more robust notion of the judicial power to support purposivist or dynamic interpretation. This disagreement has become more important in recent years with the emergence of a refreshing movement in the theory of statutory interpretation. While debate about federal statutory interpretation has settled into a holding pattern, scholars have begun to consider whether state courts should interpret statutes differently than federal courts and, if so, the implications of that fact for federal and general interpretation.
This Article aspires to help theorize this emerging field as a whole while making progress on one of its most important parts, namely the question of the difference that common law powers make to statutory interpretation. This inquiry takes us beyond the familiar moves in federal debates on interpretation. In turn, it suggests an interpretive method that defies both orthodox textualism and purposivism in that it may permit courts to extend statutory rules and principles by analogy while prohibiting courts from narrowing the scope of statutes in the name of purpose or equity. Such a model accounts for state court practice at the intersection of statutes and common law that recent work on state court textualism neither confronts nor explains. This model also informs federal theorization, both by challenging received wisdom about the relationship between common law and statutes and by offering guidance to federal courts at the intersection of statutes and pockets of federal common law.
The framework this Article constructs to approach the common law question can also help organize the fledgling field of state–federal comparison more generally. With this framework, we can begin to sort out the conflicting and overlapping strands of argument already in the literature while also having a template for future inquiries. At the same time, this framework can help us think about intersystemic interpretation with greater rigor — an advance that can aid state and federal jurisprudence alike.
Keywords: common law, statutory interpretation, comparative statutory interpretation, intersystemic interpretation, state courts, federal courts
Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation


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2009-2010 Life and Work on the Moon Art and Design Contest
NASA invites high school and college students from all areas of study, including the arts, industrial design, architecture and computer design, to submit their work on the theme "Life and Work on the Moon." Artists are encouraged to collaborate with science and engineering students. Such collaboration is not required but would help to ensure that the work's subject is valid for the moon's harsh environment.
Entries will be accepted in three categories: two-dimensional, three-dimensional and digital, including video. For the first time, entries in literature (poetry and short stories) will also be accepted. Judges will evaluate entries not only on their artistic qualities, but also on whether they depict a valid scenario.
Prizes include awards and exhibit opportunities. International students are encouraged to participate, but they are not eligible for cash prizes.
Entries are due no later than April 15, 2010.
For more information about the contest and to register online, visit _URL_ Questions about the contest should be directed to Dr. Elizabeth Ward at _EMAIL_.
2009-2010 NASA University Design Contest in Exploration Systems
NASA invites college students to get involved with space exploration by helping to design the tools and instruments needed for the next-generation explorers. Student projects will tackle real problems to be solved for a successful manned or robotic mission.
Examples of problems include:
–New methods of navigation.
–Sample retrieval and on-site analysis.
–Radiation detection and avoidance.
–Communication with planetary outpost, with orbiters and with Earth.
–Video capture of sorties for transmission back to Earth.
–Astronaut rescue and recovery.
– Radiation and dust mitigation strategies for rovers and space suits.
The contest is open to U.S. citizens enrolled full-time in an accredited post-secondary institution in the U.S., including universities, colleges, trade schools, community colleges and professional schools. Interdisciplinary teams are encouraged, across departments and institutions.
Final entries are due on or before May 15, 2010.
For more information about the contest and to register online, visit _URL_. Questions about the contest should be directed to Dr. Elizabeth Ward at _EMAIL_.


Developed by ETI BioInformatics
Characteristics, distribution and ecology
Taxonomische classification
Synonyms and common names
Literature references
Images, audio and video
Links to other Web sites
Watercress alga
Halimeda opuntia
(Linnaeus) Lamouroux, 1812
Thick, profusely branched clumps of rounded three-lobed or ribbed leaf-like segments, between 10 and 25 cm in height. The branches are numerous and are in different planes, rather than nearly in a single plane as some other species are. This alga can cover larger areas with a dense mat so that individual plants are indistinguishable.
They grow in shallow depressions, cracks and crevices, between hard corals and other somewhat protected areas of the reef, down to 55 m.
South Florida, Bahamas and Caribbean.
Watercress alga (Halimeda opuntia)


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When you create the deeplink any name can be used.
The deeplink will be triggered when the url is provided, as you are invoking the requesthandler via the url. With a deeplink the requesthandler is /link everything behind the link part are parameters (name of the deeplink config and input parameters). The handler is created in the after startup microflow, so make sure that the after startup microflow runs the deeplink register handler microflow.
Then in a deeplink you provide a microflow that needs to be executed when accessing your specific deeplink. The microflow allows for using the parameters after the name of the configuration in the url. So in a url /link//


UNC commitments to partner districts and schools
In development: this is only a draft.
 1. UNC professional education programs will invest resources in creating flexible and mutually beneficial partnerships with Colorado school districts and schools.
 2. We will provide professional development speakers at no charge to any building or district with a substantial presence of UNC teacher candidates, within the expertise areas available among our faculty.
 3. We will maintain consistency of field placement requests and supervision practices.
 4. We will provide regular updates and seek partners' input on programmatic changes and the implementation of such changes.
 5. We will maintain the norms for respectful and ethical professional behavior that promotes trust and collaboration.
rightcol1 rightcol 2


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SKYRC motor analyzer is a precision electronic device that is especially designed for measuring the KV value, RMP, current drawn, motor timing, vibration noise level and checking the function of hall effect sensors of a brushless motor. It comes with a 2X16 characters LCD that is able to display real time measuring value of either sensor or sensor-less brushless motor.
KV(RPM per Volt) Show the rotor RPM/Volt at a certain throttle power level. U(VOLT) Show the input voltage to motor checker. RPM(Revolution Per Minutes) Show the rotor revolution at a certain throttle power level. I(AMP) Show the current drawn by the motor at a certain throttle power level.
MOTOR TIMING: Physical endbell timing, usually between 0 and 70 degrees, requires tools to rotate the sensor board.
NOISE LEVEL: Poor assembly motor, inferior bearing and unbalanced rotor can generate a vibration. Whenever a motor in air vibrates, it causes compression waves in the air. These waves move away from the motor as sound or noise. Vibration noise of motor is adverse the performance of motor. By measure the noise level of motors, you can select the less noise motor. The decibel (dB) is a logarithmic unit used to express noise level in this motor analyzer.
Phase A, B and C Sensor Timing: Show the actual timing of three sensor elements as above picture.
Input Voltage: 7.4-8.4V (Suggested to Use 7.4V 2S 1P LiPo Battery)
LCD Display Screen: Blue Backlight Background, White Text, 16 Characters X 2 Lines
KV Value Accuracy: +/- 3%
Motor Timing Accuracy: +/- 4%
Motor Timing Range: 0-70 Degree
Noise Level Measurement Range: 60dB - 120dB
Supported Motor: Sensor or Sensor-less Brushless Motor (2 Poles to 36 Poles)
Dimension: 136.5 x 80.6 x 24.5mm
Net Weight: 282gram (Without Cabel)
- KV Measurement
- RPM Measurement
- Voltage Measurement
- Ampere Measurement
- Motor Timing Checking 1) Average Timing 2) Phase A, B, C Timing
- Noise Level
- Hall Effect Sensor Test


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An archetypal lampshade balanced on a tilted stem.
Simple elements, exquisitely combined into an amazing geometric composition, recall basic forms matched with different materials for technological reasons. Despite its plain and simple look, this lamp clearly conveys the skills of Artemide.The lampshade is a lightweight plastic volume closed by two diffusers that produce a pleasant soft direct and indirect light. The joint connects the lampshade with the aluminium stem on a minimal support. These simple elements are combined into a plain and elegant object, where the tilted stem in counterbalanced by the lampshade's volume.
Materials: polycarbonate, aluminium, methacrylate


text: load, and temperature.Excessive pressure can generate heat because of motor slippage and cause the motor to exceed torque limits.Excessive speed can heat and wear bearings and other internal parts.Excessive torque can cause fatigue and stress to bearings and the motor shaft, especially on applications that require frequent motor reversing. Excessive load can create bearing and shaft fatigue. And, excessive temperature can decrease efficiency because the oil becomes thinner and can produce rapid wear because of lack of lubrication.


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- Water contact
For example, in a traditional hand-excavated water well, the level at which the water stabilizes represents the water table, or the elevation in the rock where air starts to occupy the rock pores.
In most situations in the hydrocarbon industry the term is qualified as being an oil-water contact (abbreviated to "OWC") or a gas-water contact ("GWC"). Often there is also a gas-oil contact ("GOC").
In an oil or gas field, hydrocarbons migrate into rocks and can be trapped if there is a permeability barrier to prevent upward escape. Gas and oil are lighter than water, so they will form a bubble at the high end of the "trap" formed by the impermeable barriers. A simple physical model of this would be a coffee cup held upside down underwater with an air bubble occupying the highest portion of the cup's interior. The base of the bubble is the water contact.
Capillary action can obscure the true water contact in permeable media like sandstone. Capillary pressure prevents the hydrocarbons from expelling all of the water in the pores, which creates a transition zone between the fully saturated hydrocarbon levels and the fully saturated water levels.
In poorly porous intervals, the oil-water, gas-water or gas-oil contacts can similarly be obscured, which makes estimation of hydrocarbon reserves difficult. Descriptions of the well's petrophysics will then often further qualify to delineate a gas-down-to, oil-up-to, oil-down-to and water-up-to line, clearly showing the uncertainties involved.
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.


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Hair highlighting/lowlighting refers to changing a person's hair color, using lightener or haircolor to color hair strands. There are four basic types of highlights: foil highlights, hair painting, frosting, and chunking. Highlights can be done in natural or unnatural colors. Color highlights come in four categories: temporary, semi-permanent, demi-permanent, and permanent. Hair lightened with bleach is permanent.
Basic foil highlighting
Foil highlighting is the process of using foil to separate strands of hair which will be lightened from strands of hair which will remain its natural color. The process is done by applying lightener to the hair that has been woven and separated using an applicator brush. The foil is then folded to protect the hair and surrounding area during the "processing" time. This is the amount of time required to achieve the desired results. In highlighting hair, hydrogen peroxide mixed with pigment is used to change the color of the strand. This process is also used in applying "lowlights" to the hair. In this process, hair dyes are used to create strands of hair that are darker than the natural color.
Hair painting is a method of highlighting hair that may be done at home. Hair painting methods are often permanent and employ a simple hair-painting brush. Hair painting is also used with temporary and semi-permanent types of brushes. While brushes are commonly used in hair painting, one may also use combs to paint or highlight thin-sized strands of hair. Balayage is a technique referring to free-form painting on clean, styled hair. The results are subtle, and more natural looking than foiling or chunking.
Frosting refers to the process of free-hand lightening the tips of the hair, and is generally performed on men with short hair.
Chunking refers to a style of highlight which is larger and thicker than a traditional highlight, rather than to a method of creating highlights. Chunky highlights are generally offered in a wider variety of bold natural colors, as well as a large number of artificial, or unnatural, colors and are used to create more contrast, rather than subtle texture, as in traditional, thinner highlights.
Media related to Hair highlighting at Wikimedia Commons


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manner, that, if the instructer pursues the method explained in the Rey, it will be almost impossible for the pupil to perform any example without understanding the reason of it. Indeed, in
formed by addition, serves both for multiplication and division. In this treatise the same plate serves for the four operations.
This remark shows the necessity of making the pupil attend to his manner of performing the examples and of explaining to him the dif. ference between them.
every example which he performs, he is obliged to go through
a complete demonstration of the principle by which he
does it; and at the same time he does it in the simplest way
There are some operations, however, peculiar to fractions.
The two last plates are used to illustrate fractions.


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101 – An established Pediatric Pathology Rotation at El Paso Children's Hospital helps boost medical student interest in Pathology
Daniel Bustamante, Harry Wilson, and Osvaldo Padilla
Purpose: El Paso Children's Hospital opened in 2012 and serves the city as a freestanding children's hospital. The hospital has an academic and service relationship with Texas Tech School of Medicine acting as pediatric home base for medical students. Pathology is integrated into the first and second year medical school curriculum by various modalities. A formal pathology rotation is offered as a month-long elective experience during the thirdand fourth years of medical school. This rotation often is not managed in each medical students' schedule. Medical students who find pathology to be a possible career choice are often not given the type of exposure that they need regarding the field of Pathology before a crucial time period when they decide which specialty to further pursue in their medical training.
Methods: The week-long pediatric pathology elective was established during medical students' third-year pediatric rotation. Such an elective provides a condensed exposure to pathology for medical students considering a career in pathology. The first day of the elective is used to provide a broad overview of the field of pathology. A presentation and related handouts introduce the medical student to pathology training program options and their relevant statistics including the location of national programs and the types of rotations and fellowships. The students are introduced to the various processes utilized in the field of pathology including specimen collection, histologic processing, routine and special staining, cytology and blood smear preparations, flow cytometry, and various specialized procedures. The remaining days focus on case evaluations, as the medical student is given a set of slides and paper based case information to be reviewed with the pathology attending later in the day. Most cases reviewed are more prevalent within the pediatric population. The elective concludes with an overall evaluation on the performance of the medical student with an invitation to return or contact the Pediatric Pathology staff if further interest in the field of Pathology remains.
Results: Since the establishment of this shorter more flexible pathology elective, there has be an increasing steady set of rotating medical students. Correspondingly, the recent medical school classes have experienced an increase in students electing to pursue a pathology training program. The feedback provided by the medical students has been consistently positive. Comments often emphasize that the elective provides essential information regarding what is involved with being a pathologist and what challenges the pathologist experiences in everyday practice. Some students have stated that this short rotation has focused them to strongly consider pathology as a future career option.
Conclusion: Medical student exposure to pathology often is underrepresented in current medical school curricula. A unique week-long exposure in the field of Pediatric Pathology appears to allow medical students to explore this field in greater detail and to consider pathology for residency and a possible future career choice. Those who ultimately choose another field of medical training reflect an appreciation for this exposure, integrating their knowledge and understanding of pathology into future rotations and medical practice.
102 – Challenges and Strategies for General Pathology in an Integrated Curriculum in Brazil
Giovana da Costa Sigrist and Luiz Fernando Ferraz da Silva
University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine – Brazil
INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE: One of the major challenges in any integrated curriculum development is to combine classic department structure with the increasing demand of knowledge integration and contextualization. In 2015 USP Medical School (Sao Paulo – Brazil) launched a new integrated curriculum vanishing the departmental disciplines and adopting only supra-departmental ones such as the "Principles of Disease" for 1st year medical students, aiming to integrate Pathology, Immunology, Microbiology, Radiology and Molecular Biology. The challenge was, how to integrate and use different technologies in these areas, breaking resistances and increasing the faculty commitment without loosening the pathology identity.
METHOD: To cope with this challenge, the coordination of the discipline planned four strategic approaches: (1) Detailed Goal Plan; (2) Integrated Case Discussions; (3) Mini Congress; (4) Integrated Evaluation
The goal plan included 90 specific goals (administrative, technological, methodological and pedagogical): short-term – 1 year (38), middle term – 3 years (34) and long-term – 5 years (18). New goals are included based on yearly reports and students feedback.
Introduction of Integrated Case Discussions: A Clinical case is discussed and followed by a detailed pathophysiological presentation (pathologists). During this discussion other faculty bring to attention specific view of basic areas (as microbiology, immunology, etc), concluding with an integrated discussion, so the pathology is main conducting line of the discussions.
Mini-Congress: groups of 4 students prepared posters and oral presentations integrating basic aspects of a certain disease attributed to each group. The results were presented to faculty from different areas, in an integrated discussion.
Integrated tests: All discipline tests were based on clinical / surgical common presentations including for each case, a group of integrated questions focusing on basic aspects.
RESULTS: The Goal Plan worked above the expectations. All our short-term and 90% of all middle-term goals are complete. 55% of the long-term goals (due 2020) were already completed. More than 16 new goals were included in the last 3 years (8 already completed).
During this period we expanded the amount of integrated activities from 3 to 17, reaching almost 40% off all course activities, and including several integrated strategies such as clinical based discussions, autopsy based integration, pathology-radiology correlation, clinical Grand Rounds and integrated evaluation.
The Mini Congress is now considered one of the highlights of the course by both, students and faculty, promoting significant integration. The feedback on this activity also showed that students also understand the challenges and relevance of basic-clinical integration and contextualization.
CONCLUSIONS: The Goal Plan proved to be a powerful tool to drive change in faculty, in a paced and reasonable way, breaking resistances to abrupt changes, allowing testing of different strategies, providing adaptation time and the implementation and maturation of key course transformation.
The introduction of integrated activities and active methodology in traditional departmentalized structures, even in small amount or point activities may represent the seed of more powerful transformation as the faculty gets involved and convinced by the relevance of the strategies in learning process.
103 – Computerized bone marrow report templates as a teaching and feedback tool in pathology residency training
University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
Purpose: Pathology residents must learn to generate concise, accurate pathology reports to prepare for independent practice. Residents are expected to preview slides and write preliminary reports before signing out cases with the attending pathologist. Bone marrow reports are particularly challenging for trainees to master given the number of elements that must be addressed to create a complete report. Here we describe the development of a computerized template with drop-down menus that help residents learn the appropriate reporting elements and use their limited preview time more efficiently.
Results: Use of the template reduced the time it took residents to complete a report, increasing the likelihood that the residents were able to generate completed reports to review with the attending pathologist, and giving the residents more time to read about cases prior to sign-out. Use of the template also allowed the attending pathologist to give formative feedback on the resident's completed report and make changes in real time with the assistance of the resident.
Conclusions: Our preliminary experience suggests the templates allow residents to take more ownership of the bone marrow cases and feel more confident generating bone marrow reports. Use of the template report also helped the attending pathologist identify potential knowledge gaps and give more directed feedback to the resident.
104 – Approaches to Generational Differences in Medical Education
Purpose: This study examines published data on generational characteristics, with an emphasis on generational differences that have been identified in the context of medical education and in the workforce. A description of how these differences can lead to conflict in areas such as teacher/student expectations and effective communication during medical education will be outlined. The impact that digital media, technology, and social media may have on the pre-clinical and clinical education is
explored. We will examine a variety of educational experiences in the context of these generational differences.
Methods: This study includes a review of published data on the topic of generational differences and how they impact medical education. The Medical College of Georgia has incorporated different educational experiences into the medical education curriculum beyond the traditional lecture and laboratories. Some of the supplemental learning activities that have been added to the curriculum to engage the new generation of learners include case-based learning activities, simulation activities,
online interactive modules, audience participation, flipped classroom and short videos.
Results: Many of the educational activities listed above have been incorporated into the curriculum in recent years. We are in the process of a formal assessment; however, at this time we have anecdotal data on their success. The presenter will also encourage medical educators to share examples of the strategies they have used to engage this generation of learners.
Conclusion: Through the exploration and understanding of generational differences, medical educators can develop strategies and best practices to deliver an educational experience that is effective as well as engaging for our learners across different generations.
105 – OPTIMIZING COMPETENCIES IN THE PATHOLOGY EDUCATION FOR MILLENNIALS IN THE MOLECULAR ERA
Pathology is evolving exponentially and continues to grow each year. The present-day pattern of pathology teaching involves pre-clinical training that is sometimes diverse from clinical realities. Today, the need is to modify the conventional methods, which are centered about 'brain brimming' and knowledge overflow with least attention to its retention and future application. Millennials, the tech-savvy learners with conversely, fairly short attention spans, respond extremely well to defined tasks and can demonstrate competencies required to complete such tasks, and competency based teaching, which revolves around relevance, is best suited for them. And here comes the role


text:
oikodomé: (the act of) building, a buildingOriginal Word: οἰκοδομή, ῆς, ἡ
Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine
Phonetic Spelling: (oy-kod-om-ay')
Short Definition: the act of building, a building, edification
Definition: (a) the act of building, (b) a building, (c) met: spiritual advancement, edification.
Cognate: 3619 oikodomḗ – properly, a building (edifice) serving as a home; (figuratively) constructive criticism and instruction that builds a person up to be the suitable dwelling place of God, i.e. where the Lord is "at home." See 3618 (oikodemeō).Word Origin
from oikos and the same as dóma
(the act of) building, a building
building (8), buildings (3), edification (5), edifying (1), upbuilding (1).
STRONGS NT 3619: οἰκοδομή
οἰκοδομή, οἰκοδομῆς, ἡ (οἶκος, and δέμω to build), a later Greek word, condemned by Phryn., yet used by Aristotle, Theophrastus, ((but both these thought to be doubtful)), Diodorus (1, 46), Philo (vit. Moys. i. § 40; de monarch. ii. § 2), Josephus, Plutarch, the Sept., and many others, for οἰκοδόμημα and οἰκοδόμησις; cf. Lob. ad Phryn., p. 481ff, cf. p. 421; (Winer's Grammar, 24);
1. (the act of) building, building up, equivalent to τό οἰκοδομεῖν; as, τῶν τειχέων, 1 Macc. 16:23; τοῦ οἴκου τοῦ Θεοῦ, 1 Chronicles 26:27; in the N. T. metaphorically, "edifying, edification, i. e. the act of one who promotes another's growth in Christian wisdom, piety, holiness, happiness" (see οἰκοδομέω, b. β'. (cf. Winer's Grammar, 35 (34))): Romans 14:19; Romans 15:2; (1 Corinthians 14:26); 2 Corinthians 10:8 (see below); ; Ephesians 4:29; with a genitive of the person whose growth is furthered, ὑμῶν, 2 Corinthians 12:19 (cf. 10:8); ἑαυτοῦ (Tdf. αὐτοῦ), Ephesians 4:16; τοῦ σώματος τοῦ Χριστοῦ, Ephesians 4:12; τῆς ἐκκλησίας, 1 Corinthians 14:12; equivalent to τό ὀικοδομουν, what contributes to edification, or augments wisdom, etc. λαλεῖν, λαβεῖν, οἰκοδομήν, 1 Corinthians 14:3, 5.
2. equivalent to οἰκοδόμημα, a building (i. e. thing built, edifice): Mark 13:1f; τοῦ ἱεροῦ, Matthew 24:1; used of the heavenly body, the abode of the soul after death, 2 Corinthians 5:1; tropically, of a body of Christians, a Christian church (see οἰκοδομέω, b. β'.), Ephesians 2:21 (cf. πᾶς, I. 1 c.); with a genitive of the owner or occupant, Θεοῦ, 1 Corinthians 3:9.<1>
Feminine (abstract) of a compound of oikos and the base of doma; architecture, i.e. (concretely) a structure; figuratively, confirmation -- building, edify(-ication, -ing).
see GREEK oikos
see GREEK doma οικοδομαι οικοδομαί οἰκοδομαί οικοδομας οικοδομάς οἰκοδομάς οἰκοδομὰς οικοδομη οικοδομή οἰκοδομή οἰκοδομὴ οικοδομην οικοδομήν οἰκοδομήν οἰκοδομὴν οικοδομης οικοδομής οἰκοδομῆς oikodomai oikodomaí oikodomas oikodomás oikodomàs oikodome oikodomē oikodomḗ oikodomḕ oikodomen oikodomēn oikodomḗn oikodomḕn oikodomes oikodomês oikodomēs oikodomē̂s
Strong's Greek 3619
οἰκοδομαί — 1 Occ.
οἰκοδομὰς — 2 Occ.
οἰκοδομή — 2 Occ.
οἰκοδομήν — 11 Occ.
οἰκοδομῆς — 2 Occ.
Matthew 24:1 N-AFP
BIB: αὐτῷ τὰς οἰκοδομὰς τοῦ ἱεροῦ
NAS: out the temple buildings to Him.
KJV: him the buildings of the temple.
INT: to him the buildings of the temple
Mark 13:1 N-NFP
BIB: καὶ ποταπαὶ οἰκοδομαί
NAS: stones and what wonderful buildings!
KJV: and what buildings [are here]!
INT: and what [wonderful] buildings
Mark 13:2 N-AFP
BIB: τὰς μεγάλας οἰκοδομάς οὐ μὴ
NAS: great buildings? Not one stone
KJV: these great buildings? there shall not
INT: great buildings no not
Romans 14:19 N-GFS
BIB: τὰ τῆς οἰκοδομῆς τῆς εἰς
NAS: the things which make for peace and the building up of one another.
KJV: one may edify another.
INT: the things for building up among
Romans 15:2 N-AFS
BIB: ἀγαθὸν πρὸς οἰκοδομήν
NAS: for his good, to his edification.
KJV: [his] good to edification.
INT: good for building up
1 Corinthians 3:9 N-NFS
BIB: γεώργιον θεοῦ οἰκοδομή ἐστε
NAS: field, God's building.
KJV: husbandry, [ye are] God's building.
INT: field God's building you are
1 Corinthians 14:3 N-AFS
BIB: ἀνθρώποις λαλεῖ οἰκοδομὴν καὶ παράκλησιν
NAS: to men for edification and exhortation
KJV: unto men [to] edification, and
INT: to men speaks [for] building up and encouragement
1 Corinthians 14:5 N-AFS
BIB: ἡ ἐκκλησία οἰκοδομὴν λάβῃ
NAS: that the church may receive edifying.
KJV: the church may receive edifying.
INT: the church building up might receive
1 Corinthians 14:12 N-AFS
BIB: πρὸς τὴν οἰκοδομὴν τῆς ἐκκλησίας
NAS: to abound for the edification of the church.
KJV: to the edifying of the church.
INT: for the building up of the church
1 Corinthians 14:26 N-AFS
BIB: πάντα πρὸς οἰκοδομὴν γινέσθω
NAS: be done for edification.
KJV: be done unto edifying.
INT: All things for building up let be done
2 Corinthians 5:1 N-AFS
BIB: σκήνους καταλυθῇ οἰκοδομὴν ἐκ θεοῦ
NAS: we have a building from God,
KJV: we have a building of
INT: tabernacle be destroyed a building from God
2 Corinthians 10:8 N-AFS
BIB: κύριος εἰς οἰκοδομὴν καὶ οὐκ
NAS: gave for building you up and not for destroying
KJV: us for edification, and not
INT: Lord for building up and not
2 Corinthians 12:19 N-GFS
BIB: τῆς ὑμῶν οἰκοδομῆς
NAS: and all for your upbuilding, beloved.
KJV: for your edifying.
INT: your building up
2 Corinthians 13:10 N-AFS
BIB: μοι εἰς οἰκοδομὴν καὶ οὐκ
NAS: gave me for building up and not for tearing down.
KJV


AEGIS® is a highly effective antimicrobial surface protection technology that adds an extra layer of prevention and defense against microbes, mold and mildew.
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 - AEGIS® is odorless and colorless, making it an ideal solution for a wide array of surfaces and causing minimum olfactory impact for those users with sensitivities. It will not cause surface discoloration and does not negatively affect a surface's safety, integrity, functionality, aesthetics or durability.
 - AEGIS® is registered with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and accepted for the treatment of all indoor, non-food contact surfaces.
 - AEGIS® can be easily applied in a water solution. This technology causes no damaging environmental impact and meets global, national, state and municipal regulations.
 - AEGIS® is competitively priced among products in the janitorial industry. Based on its upfront cost and long-term efficacy, AEGIS® is genuinely the best overall value on the market today. AEGIS® has more than 40 years of safe use in the treatment of a variety of products in residential, educational, medical, and commercial environments.
Mbns20 aegis surface protection in action environments public transport
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AEGIS® is effective against a broad spectrum of microbes that can cause odors, stains and premature product deterioration.
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With our various technology offerings, AEGIS® can provide solutions for any substrate in any application. Finished products with built-in antimicrobial technology can continuously inhibit and reduce the growth of stain and odor-causing bacteria, mold and mildew for the entire lifetime of the finished product itself. The lifetime for finished products can vary from years to decades.
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text:
A new Apple patent recently published by the United States Patent and Trademark office outlines a new "realistic" wireless charging solution.
The patent, entitled "Wireless Power Utilization in a Local Computing Environment", describes a wireless charging system that relies on "near-field magnetic resonance" to provide power to nearby devices.
Wireless charging solutions traditionally need a a power source and a receiver located very close to one another in order to work. Think outlet, charging pad, then device. In the patent Apple mentions this limits the application of the charging solution to smaller less power-hungry devices. Apple's solution would support devices requiring a few watts to a few hundred watts that are located within the near-field "virtual charging area."
The patent claims the charging technology would eliminate "unwieldy" existing chargers that need to be plugged into the wall, and reduce clutter. The devices in the charging area would even cooperate to increase efficiency and reduce power consumption. The power supply transmitter could be portable (think dongle) or could be embedded in an existing device like a desktop or laptop.
Devices around the charging hub would ne to be tuned into the proper frequency in order for them to receive power from the near-field magnetic resonance power supply. Perhaps the coolest feature is Apple's idea of a "re-resonator" that would allow multiple devices to share electricity wirelessly if one of the devices is too far from the base or is blocked by an obstacle.
Apple describes a scenario where a Mac desktop might not be able to provide power to a wireless mouse because of some interfering obstacle.
"In this case, (the) keyboard can act as a re-resonator such that a portion of the power delivered to (the) keyboard from the NFMR power supply can be passed on by way of a re-resonator transmission unit." — Patent Filing


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I have a 500 x 400px square with a 100px grid inside it. Now I want to fill that square with smaller random sized square that snap to the grid. This means that the smaller squares can be either 100, 200, 300 or 400 pixels in size. Their size and position needs to be random, so the output will look different every time it runs.
This image shows the large square, its grid, and a possible output with the smaller squares that I'm trying to create.
Image Test
I'm generating this in Ruby / Sinatra with DIV's, but I guess the question is more general towards the actual algorithm to use.
Any suggestions on how to do this with the least amount of code?
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Given a square, there are a finite number of places to put it. If you're not worried about speed: generate random square size up to some max; get all possible places to put it; randomly choose one and put it. If there are no possible places, decrease the max size. – Timbits Sep 4 '11 at 3:57
2 Answers 2
up vote 1 down vote accepted
This method would take a lot of code, but I think what I would do is using Donald Knuth's Dancing Links algorithm (DLX) (or some other algorithm) to find all possible arrangements of squares. You can compute the arrangements ahead of time, then you can quickly/randomly pick one later when you need them.
You can read his paper about the algorithm and its application to pentominoes (which is very similar to your problem) here:
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One simple recursive approach you could take that would produce a fairly good random distribution works like this: as a base case, any grid that is 100x100 must be filled with a 100x100 square. Otherwise, if the grid is n x n for some n that's small enough to hold a square, you may choose to tile it with a square of that size. Otherwise, pick some side of the rectangle that isn't of size 100, pick some random place that's a multiple of 100, then split it in half and recursively tile both halves.
The main advantage of this approach is that you never have to keep track of where you've put older rectangles to avoid hitting them. You always work with empty rectangles and keep recursively subdividing the problem in a way that ensures that the regions never overlap.
This may not always give good results, but it's very easy to code up (I'd assume maybe 15-25 lines of code total) and can easily be tweaked to change the output.
Hope this helps!
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Your Answer


text:
family development program
The Family Development Program is the core program of SAFP, and marked the origin of our organization. Poor families in India are supported by regular monthly assistance for a sustainable livelihood.
Donations for the Family developmentProgram are forwarded through SAFP India office to our partners - the DSSSs (Diocesan Social Service Societies), then to the community-based Sanghams (grassroots people's organizations), and finally into the bank accounts of the recipient families. The families use these funds for necessities and many save a portion of this assistance for future needs.
There are three variables regarding the program and how it operates:
- The accuracy and integrity of the family's designation as needy
- The way in which the families spend the monthly funds is reflected by their most pressing needs (i.e. medicine, food or education of the children)
- The adequacy and duration of the assistance
The families are chosen in a participatory manner by the local Sangham based on priority of need. The names of the chosen families are then sent to the DSSS offices for review and finalization. Once families are approved, photos of the families are taken, and profiles are provided explaining the needs. The photos and profiles are forwarded to the SAFP India office for a final inspection before being sent to the SAFP office in Canada. They are recorded and stored until linked with a Canadian partner family, individual, group, etc.
Two Phased Approach on Poverty Alleviation:
- To meet immediate needs such as food, clothing, medicine or education
- To encourage each family assisted to become self-reliant and productive within the context of their local and general economy
- Provide basic human needs (food, medicine, shelter)
- Cover some of the educational costs of children so they can attend school
- Offer skills development opportunities for parents
- Enhance employability through training
- Provide means for these families to own livestock to have an improved diet and to give them an asset
- Assist families in financing entrepreneurial initiatives such as small retail stores called petty shops, bicycle repair centres, teashops, fishing businesses, etc.
- Reduces their indebtedness
- Improves their living conditions
- Reduces the burden on single parents such as widows and widowers as well as abandoned women
- Augments present income for an immediate improvement in their standard of living
- Provides avenues for subsidies and bank loans that would not normally be available to the poor
- Provides a built-in support system with their local Sangham
SAFP promises six years support to each family. After six years, if it is deemed necessary by the local Sangham or committee that the assistance must be extended for a while longer (due to extenuating circumstances such as the death of the main earner, raising a child with physical or mental challenges, etc.) the assistance will be made available.
More than 50,000 families have been assisted to become self-reliant. At present more than 12800 families are being assisted on a monthly basis. Some residents in SAFP's 25 Homes of Healing receive monthly assistance toward their living expenses, medical care or educational costs.
SAFP's Family-to-Family Program operates in the following states of India:
Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu.
$20 a month or $240 yearly will assist a family. A minimum of $60 (3 months) support is needed to start assistance
- $1,440 (72 months) will support a family(ies) for 6 years
- $5,000 bursary will support a family(ies) for 20 years
If you wish to assist a family Click here to DONATE
You can correspond with the family in India directly. When writing letters to your family, please use only the address that appears on the profile sent to you by SAFP. This is located near the top of the profile as highlighted in the picture below. The family will write at least two letters a year, via interpreters.


text:
This book is a compilation of village level data collected through participatory GIS techniques. Participatory exercises were transferred to a GIS and overlayed with other spatial information, including satellite imageries, to be used for local level planning. The booklet showcases the power of participatory GIS as a tool for involving communities in a process of quantitative assessments of natural resources and their use and management.
The Village Resource Handbook
Booklets and Manuals
Anupama Pai, Benjamin Larroquette, Dandhapani S, Gaspard Appavou, Neil W. Pelkey, Rajendran K, Saravanan S, Shivarajan R, Srinivas V. 2004. The village resource handbook. 1st ed. Pondicherry, India: Foundation for Ecological Research, Advocacy and Learning.