text: To assess the effect of pedogenesis on the soil moisture dynamics influencing the character and quality of ecological habitat, we conducted infiltration and redistribution experiments on three alluvial deposits in the Mojave National Preserve: (i) recently deposited active wash sediments, (ii) a soil of early Holocene age, and (iii) a highly developed soil of late Pleistocene age. At each, we ponded water in a 1-m-diameter infiltration ring for 2.3 h and monitored soil water content and matric pressure during and after infiltration, using probes and electrical resistivity imaging (ERI). Infiltration and downward flow rates were greater in younger material, favoring deep-rooted species. Deep-rooted species tend to colonize the margins of washes, where they are unaffected by sediment transport that inhibits colonization. The ERI results support important generalizations, for example that shallower than 0.5 m, infiltrated water persists longer in highly developed soil, favoring shallow-rooted species. Soil moisture data for the two youngest soils suggested that saturation overshoot, which may have significant but unexplored hydroecologic and pedogenic effects, occurred at the horizontally advancing wetting front. Spatial heterogeneity of soil properties generally increased with pedogenic development. Evidence suggested that some early-stage developmental processes may promote uniformity; the intermediate-age soil appeared to have the least heterogeneity in terms of textural variation with depth, and also the least anisotropy. Lateral heterogeneity was pronounced in older soil, having a multitude of effects on the distribution and retention of soil water, and may facilitate certain water-conserving strategies of plants over what would be possible in a laterally homogeneous soil.


text: Background:Anopheles aquasalis is a major malaria vector in coastal areas of South and Central America where it breeds preferentially in brackish water. This species is very susceptible to Plasmodium vivax and it has been already incriminated as responsible vector in malaria outbreaks. There has been no high-throughput investigation into the sequencing of An. aquasalis genes, transcripts and proteins despite its epidemiological relevance. Here we describe the sequencing, assembly and annotation of the An. aquasalis _URL_ Findings:A total of 419 thousand cDNA sequence reads, encompassing 164 million nucleotides, were assembled in 7544 contigs of ≥2 sequences, and 1999 singletons. The majority of the An. aquasalis transcripts encode proteins with their closest counterparts in another neotropical malaria vector, An. darlingi. Several analyses in different protein databases were used to annotate and predict the putative functions of the deduced An. aquasalis proteins. Larval and adult-specific transcripts were represented by 121 and 424 contig sequences, respectively. Fifty-one transcripts were only detected in blood-fed females. The data also reveal a list of transcripts upor down-regulated in adult females after a blood meal. Transcripts associated with immunity, signaling networks and blood feeding and digestion are _URL_:This study represents the first large-scale effort to sequence the transcriptome of An. aquasalis. It provides valuable information that will facilitate studies on the biology of this species and may lead to novel strategies to reduce malaria transmission on the South American continent. The An. aquasalis transcriptome is accessible at _URL_ © 2014.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Looking for ideas to increase parent engagement this school year? Here are some ways you use can use Google Drive to collaborate with parents.
Benefits of Google Drive
- All staff and students already have a free Google account.
- Parents don't have to pay for Microsoft Office in order to read what you send them digitally.
- Parents use the same username and password they use for their Gmail account.
- Google Drive can be downloaded on smartphones and tablets, so parents can access every document without having to own a computer or pay for Internet at their house.
- Google saves everything you're working on, so you won't have to start from scratch when your computer restarts for updates halfway into creating your monthly newsletter.


text:
How to Safely Cut a Log Using a Log Splitter
- Logs should be cut with square ends prior to splitting.
When loading a log, always place your hands on the sides on the log, not on the ends, and never use your foot to help stabilize a log. Failure to do so may result in crushed or amputated fingers, toes, hand or foot.
Use only your hands to operate the controls.
Never attempt to split more than one log at a time unless the ram has been fully extended and a second log is needed to complete the separation of the first log.
For logs which are not cut square, the last square ends and the longest portion of the log should be placed towards the beam and wedge, and the square end placed towards the end plate.
When splitting in the vertical position, stabilize the log before moving the control. Split as follows:
Place log on the end plate and turn until it leans against the beam and is stable.
When splitting extra large or uneven logs, the log must be stabilized with wooden ships or split wood between the log and end plate or ground.
- Always keep fingers away from any cracks that open in the log while splitting. They can quickly close and pinch or amputate your fingers.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
To accurately determine a diagonal distance when you know the distance of two perpendicular edges, you can apply the Pythagorean theorum. Given perpendicular edges with lengths a and b, just square a, square b, and take the square root to get the final length.
(Image from the "Pythagorean theorem" article at Wikipedia.)
It turns out that calculating this is moderately common for tabletop games played on a grid. However, people may not have a calculator handy, so there are simpler solutions designed to give a good enough approximation. I was curious how accurate these approximations were.
Percentage error for various estimation systems:
|1.5 long diagonals||11.80%||8.93%||9.71%||10.00%|
|New York blocks||41.42%||29.85%||34.25%||34.16%|
These were calculated by considering every possibility for integer distances from 1 through 100 for each of the two orthogonal edges.
Actual Calculated using the Pythagorean theorum.
1.5 long diagonals Add the length of the longer orthogonal edge to half of the length of the other orthogonal edge. This is common for games built on a grid; players are told that diagonal movement is measured as 1.5 units. Very accurate on very shallow angles, and accurate to about 6% near 45 degrees. Between those angles the error spikes up to 12%, with the spike being wider as the distances increase. This measurement only works if you include the half-unit that may be included. If you round off, you'll end up with 1-then-2.
1-then-2 This is a minor tweak to 1.5 long diagonals, and was used in 3rd edition Dungeons & Dragons. When moving diagonally on the grid, the first diagonal step is measured as 1 unit, the next 2 units, the next 1 unit, the next 2 units, and so on. It identical to 1.5 long diagonals, rounding the result down. down. The 29% error is a fluke; the single location 1,1 is wildly wrong because it's been rounded from 1.41 to 1. Beyond that, the stair step function causes the error to bounce up and down, sometimes being more accurate than 1.5 long diagonals, and sometimes less.
Long only Use the length of longest orthogonal edge. This is common for games built on a grid; players are told that they may move diagonally, but measure it as a single unit. 4th edition Dungeons & Dragons moved to this system. The closer you get to 45 degrees, the error increases, peaking around 29%.
New York Block Add the length of the two orthogonal edges together. Again, this is common for games built on a grid; players are told that only movement along the two orthogonal directions are allowed. The closer you get to 45 degrees, the error increases, eventually peaking around 41%. The longer the distances, the more quickly the error approaches 41%


text:
If you take too much Flagyl, overdose symptoms may include coordination problems, nausea, and vomiting. In clinical studies where high doses of Flagyl were used during radiation treatment for cancer, an overdose was believed to increase the risk of seizures or nerve problems in the hands and feet. Treatment for a Flagyl overdose may involve "pumping the stomach," certain drugs, and supportive care.
Can You Overdose With Flagyl?
Flagyl® (metronidazole) is a prescription antibiotic used to treat certain types of bacterial and parasitic infections. As with most medications, it may be possible to take too much Flagyl. The specific effects of a Flagyl overdose will vary, depending on a number of factors, including the Flagyl dosage and whether it was taken with any other medications or substances.
Effects of a Flagyl Overdose
Flagyl does not seem to be especially toxic in the case of an overdose. In cases of suicide attempts and accidental overdoses, the following overdose symptoms were seen:
- Coordination problems.
Studies that used very high doses of Flagyl during radiation treatment for cancer suggested that a Flagyl overdose might increase the risk of seizures or nerve problems of the hands and feet (such as numbness or paralysis). However, these are also possible Flagyl side effects, even at normal doses.
Treatment for an Overdose of Flagyl
The treatment for a Flagyl overdose will vary. There is no specific antidote for a Flagyl overdose. If the overdose was recent, a healthcare provider may administer certain medicines or place a tube into the stomach to "pump the stomach." Treatment also involves supportive care, which consists of treating the symptoms that occur as a result of the overdose. For example, supportive treatment options may include:
- Fluids through an intravenous line (IV), if necessary
- Close monitoring of vital signs, such as heart rate and breathing
- Other treatments based on the complications that occur.
It is important that you seek medical attention immediately if you believe that you may have overdosed on Flagyl.


text:
Pneumatic artificial muscles
Pneumatic artificial muscles (PAMs) are contractile or extensional devices operated by pressurized air filling a pneumatic bladder. In a vague approximation of human muscles, PAMs are usually grouped in pairs: one agonist and one antagonist.
PAMs were first developed (under the name of McKibben Artificial Muscles) in the 1950s for use in artificial limbs. The Bridgestone rubber company (Japan) commercialized the idea in the 1980s under the name of Rubbertuators.
The retraction strength of the PAM is limited by the sum total strength of individual fibers in the woven shell. The exertion distance is limited by the tightness of the weave; a very loose weave allows greater bulging, which further twists individual fibers in the weave.
Examples of complex configurations of Air Muscles are used in the Shadow Dexterous Hand developed by the Shadow Robot Company, who also sell a range of muscles for integration into other projects/systems.
PAMs are very lightweight because their main element is a thin membrane. This allows them to be directly connected to the structure they power, which is an advantage when considering the replacement of a defective muscle. If a defective muscle has to be substituted, its location will always be known and its substitution becomes easier. This is an important characteristic, since the membrane is connected to rigid endpoints, which introduces tension concentrations and therefore possible membrane ruptures.
Another advantage of PAMs is their inherent compliant behaviour: when a force is exerted on the PAM, it "gives in", without increasing the force in the actuation. This is an important feature when the PAM is used as an actuator in a robot that interacts with a human, or when delicate operations have to be carried out.
In PAMs the force is not only dependent on pressure but also on their state of inflation. This is one of the major advantages; the mathematical model that supports the PAMs functionality is a non-linear system, which makes them much easier than conventional pneumatic cylinder actuators to control precisely. The relationship between force and extension in PAMs mirrors what is seen in the length-tension relationship in biological muscle systems.
The compressibility of the gas is also an advantages since it adds compliance. As with other pneumatic systems PAM actuators usually need electric valves and a compressed air generator.
The loose-weave nature of the outer fiber shell also enables PAMs to be flexible and to mimic biological systems, If the surface fibers are very badly damaged and become unevenly distributed leaving a gap, the internal bladder may inflate through the gap and rupture. As with all pneumatic systems it is important that they are not operated when damaged.
Hydraulic operation
Although the technology is primarily pneumatically (gas) operated, there is nothing that prevents the technology from also being hydraulically (liquid) operated. Using an incompressible fluid increases system rigidity and reduces compliant behavior.
See also
|Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: Robotics/Components/Actuation Devices/Air muscle|


text:
Personal Branding is identifying your assets, characteristics, strengths, and skills as an individual. Understanding Personal Branding will provide advantages in your personal and professional life. Branding is a mix of how you present yourself and how others see you. It is important to be aware of how you are viewed.
With our Personal Branding course you will be able to share your vision and passions with others in your company. Utilize this knowledge through Social Media to define and influence how others see you. You are your brand so protect it. Live it.
By the end of this workshop, you should be able to:
- Define your image.
- Control your image.
- Understand how to sharpen your brand.
- Use social media appropriately.
- Manage your brand in a crisis.
- Develop a professional appearance.


Unit: SDL_math2
Class: none
Declaration: function CreateGaussianPeaks (PeakParams: TPeakParamsList; var Signal: TDoubleArray): integer;
The function CreateGaussianPeaks generates a signal which consists of one or more Gaussian peaks. The individual peaks are specified by the array PeakParams which is an open array of TGaussPeakParams. The first element of each entry of PeakParams (PeakParam[.][1]) specifies the position, the second (PeakParam[.][2]) the width and the third element (PeakParam[.][3]) contains the amplitude. Please note that both the position and the width refer to the index of the Signal array. Thus the length of the Signal array determines the resolution of the peaks. All defined peaks are added and the sum is stored in the Signal array.
The figure below shows the results of five calls to CreateGaussianPeaks plotted on top of each other. The Signal array had a length of 101 elements, in all calls a single peak was specified whose position (50) and intensity (1.0) were kept constant and whose width paremeter varied between 4 and 20.
The function returns the following error codes:
 0... everything is OK
-1... the PeakParams was empty or nil
-2... the length of Signal vector is too low (minimal required length is 3)
Example: As an example, the signal shown below has been generated from three Gaussian peaks, having the following parameters (the length of the Signal array was set to 101):
 Position Width Intensity
Peak 1: 20.0 8.0 1.0
Peak 2: 44.0 7.0 0.7
Peak 3: 60.0 10.0 1.5
The following code snippet was used to generate the signal shown above:
 Data : TDoubleArray;
 PeakDef : TPeakParamsList;
SetLength (Data, 101); // create signal vector
SetLength (PeakDef,3); // peak parameters
PeakDef[0][1] := 20; // peak 1
PeakDef[0][2] := 8;
PeakDef[0][3] := 1.00;
PeakDef[1][1] := 44; // peak 2
PeakDef[1][2] := 7;
PeakDef[1][3] := 0.70;
PeakDef[2][1] := 60; // peak 3
PeakDef[2][2] := 10;
PeakDef[2][3] := 1.50;
CreateGaussianPeaks (PeakDef, Data);
Last Update: 2019-Mar-07


text:
So many gods, so many creeds,
So many paths that wind and wind,
While just the art of being kind
Is all the sad world needs.
— Ella Wheeler Wilcox, American poet (_PHONE_)
This session introduces kindness as an intangible gift that can be freely given every day. The Wonder Box holds a golden ruler that represents one of Jesus' timeless teachings: "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you." The Golden Rule can be found in many faith traditions. In the story, "The Very Short Rule," the children hear a parable in which Jesus teaches that following all the rules in the Bible will not necessarily make someone a good person. If we are to follow only one rule, Jesus taught, we should be kind to others in the same way that we would want others to be kind to us.
This session will:
- Introduce kindness as an intangible gift
- Explore the Golden Rule and reveal opportunities for children to use it
- Show how kindness is a way of living our Unitarian Universalist Principles
- Demonstrate that authentic welcoming must include kindness
- Engage participants in the spiritual practices of opening and closing rituals.
- Explore the value of the Golden Rule
- Create a "Golden Ruler" to represent being kind to others
- Learn how kindness is an important part of welcome
- Hear a story in which Jesus explains the Golden Rule.


text:
Advancing Macular Hole Surgery
Advancing Macular Hole Surgery
STEVE CHARLES, MD
Macular holes were untreatable until Kelly and Wendel1 developed the concept of core vitrectomy followed by fluid-gas exchange using an iso-expansive mixture of air and SF6 or C3F8 gas. Their goal was to reattach the cuff of subretinal fluid around a full-thickness macular hole and thereby eliminate the relative scotoma that surrounds the absolute scotoma. Serendipitously, they soon discovered that the macular hole often closed with remarkable improvement in vision.
Leading surgeons initially discounted this discovery, but fortunately it has become the standard of care. The prevailing thought was that substantial neural tissue was avulsed by a posterior vitreous detachment; an operculum was often seen, seemingly validating this notion. Examination of surgically removed operculums using the electron microscope revealed very little neural tissue; most of the operculum proved to be glial tissue, ex plaining why substantial visual improvement was possible.2,3 Subsequently, OCT demonstrated restoration of near normal or normal foveal anatomy in successfully operated cases. Clearly, "closure" of macular hole is quite different than the term "closure" when used in the context of retinal detachment repair.
CLASSIFYING MACULAR HOLES
Much emphasis is placed on the substantial work of Don Gass,4 which involved clinical observation of the evolution of macular holes, theoretical considerations concerning their pathogenesis, and a classification system. Although all surgeons agree that the posterior vitreous cortex is somehow involved and the elasticity of the ILM plays a role, the pathogenesis of macular holes remains unknown.
Presurgical classification, even using spectral-domain OCT, is incapable of reliably determining if residual vitreous cortex is adherent to the retinal surface, rendering the classification system virtually useless.5 Macular holes are three times as common in females as they are in males, but there is no explanation for this interesting observation.
OCT is essential to determine if the hole is partial thickness or full thickness; not infrequently, clinical examination is inadequate to detect a very small full-thickness hole at the base of a large-diameter partial thickness hole. Occasionally, a very small inner-layer full-thickness hole will overlay a large full-thickness outer-layer hole, producing an appearance suggesting a macular cyst. SD-OCT is essential in the evaluation of macular disease; time-domain OCT is no longer adequate. Mackenzie and colleagues6 have shown that 30% to 50% of partial thickness (lamellar, stage 1) macular holes spontaneously close if observed over the long term. A clinical trial done before the availability of OCT or ILM peeling did not demonstrate the benefit of operating on a partial-thickness hole to prevent progression to a full-thickness hole. Neither ultrasound nor OCT can predict whether a partial-thickness hole will progress to become a full-thickness hole, and the status of the other eye is not helpful because holes are bilateral less than 10% of the time.
Size of the macular hole is the only preoperative factor that has been shown to drive surgical closure rates; duration is not a determining factor if the size is controlled for.7 Although duration has an influence on visual outcomes, assessment of the subhole RPE using spectral-domain OCT and confocal autofluorescence imaging will probably prove to be more effective in predicting visual outcomes in longer-duration holes. Some studies have shown reasonable visual outcomes after operating on macular holes of relatively long duration.8
Macular holes originating from macular cysts due to chronic macular edema typically have relatively poor visual outcomes because of macular ischemia related to underlying diabetic retinopathy or retinal vein occlusion. Similarly, macular holes arising from chronic inflammatory macular edema have a relatively poor visual prognoses.
Traumatic macular holes can spontaneously close in the first four to six weeks, suggesting that a period of observation should precede determination of operability. An afferent pupillary defect (APD) should be considered a contraindication to surgical repair because it indicates associated optic nerve damage. As mentioned above regarding longer-duration macular holes, assessment of the subhole RPE using SD-OCT and confocal autofluorescence will probably prove to be more effective in predicting visual outcomes in cases of traumatic macular holes. Presence of a choroidal rupture in the papillomacular bundle is a relative contraindication to repair of a traumatic macular hole; often, these patients will have an APD.
My management of partial-thickness holes has changed over the years; I began operating on lamellar holes after Arthur Willis introduced the concept of macular hole prevention surgery. I stopped macular hole prevention surgery after the results of the Macular Hole Study and the Charteris paper were published. My current practice is to determine the need for surgery on partial-thickness holes based on symptoms. The goal is to improve visual function — not prevent a full-thickness hole — because progression to a full-thickness hole cannot be predicted. I have determined in recent years that surface tension management using air — or better yet SF6 — combined with ILM peeling is required to restore normal or near-normal foveal anatomy and improve or eliminate symptoms when operating on symptomatic partial-thickness holes.
The conventional explanation of the role of surgical steps in surgical hole closure is incomplete and, to an extent, probably incorrect. It is often stated that the role of PVD creation is to eliminate vitreous traction on the macula, but in fact the posterior vitreous is usually attached to the optic nerve head, nasal and midperipheral retina, but not attached to the macula or retina within the temporal arcades. Careful PVD creation reduces the likelihood of inferior retinal breaks caused by interaction of the bubble with residual vitreous — similar to what may occur with pneumatic retinopexy. The role of core vitrectomy is to enable exchange of vitreous for a large gas bubble and to ensure that a thin layer of vitreous does not prevent contact of the gas bubble with the hole.9,10
Virtually all surgeons agree that ILM peeling improves closure rates, but why this is true has a complex answer. Clearly, ILM peeling ensures removal of tangential traction due to residual vitreous on the retinal surface, which, although rare, can occur even with an apparent PVD as evidenced by a Weiss ring. In addition, ILM peeling guarantees successful removal of epiretinal membranes, which are occasionally present — typically, in eyes with striae and elliptical holes without cuffs. I strongly believe that ILM peeling has an additional and very important role: ILM peeling increases retinal elasticity by over 50%, which enables lateral surface-tension forces to close the hole as soon as the bubble comes into contact with the hole. I believe that it is also likely that ILM peeling initiates mechanical signaling to the astrocytes to heal the hole margins days after it is closed by lateral surface tension.
Most surgeons use the meaningless term "tamponade" when describing the mechanism of action of air, gas and silicone oil bubbles. To some, tamponade means to "press," but the word tamponade is from the French and means to "seal." It is more accurate and descriptive to use the term "surface tension management" or "interfacial tension management" to describe the function of the bubble. It is obvious that a bubble eliminates transhole flow; this is the reason it is used in retinal detachment repair. An additional and crucial function of the bubble, as Vincent Reppucci has pointed out,11 is the lateral surface-tension effect. Surface-tension forces act along an interface of two immiscible substances, effectively pulling the surface inward. Surface tension makes a droplet nearly spherical as it falls away from a faucet and makes a soap bubble spherical. Reppucci describes the bubble as bridging the hole, but the key concept is that the bubble pulls the hole margins together as soon as the patient is positioned with bubble in contact with the hole.
Yet another function of the bubble, as I have pointed out, is prevention of transretinal flow (uveal-scleral outflow). Tornambe introduced the hydration hypothesis, making note of the marked edema surrounding the hole as seen on OCT;8 edema-mediated retinal thickening coupled with the elasticity of the ILM causes eversion of the hole margins. Elimination of the edema facilitates restoration of near-normal foveal anatomy, resolution of the edge eversion, and approximation of the hole margins. The bubble dries out the retinal surface, which probably signals the astrocytes to heal the hole days after approximation of hole margins via the lateral surface-tension effect.
PVD CREATION METHODS
Many retinal surgeons use a lateral motion of the extrusion cannula, soft-tip cannula or vitreous cutter to create a PVD. This method creates shear force at the vitreous base, potentially leading to iatrogenic retinal breaks. A better method is to position the vitreous cutter at the nasal, superior, and inferior margins disk margins, with the port oriented away from the center of the disk, and to pull anteriorly (toward the cornea), using the vacuum-only mode (Figure 1). The anterior-pull disk-margin method safely, reliably and quickly produces a PVD using 25-g cutters. It is a huge misconception that higher flow rates help produce PVDs or that 25-g cutters cannot produce a PVD; it is all about technique.
Figure 1. Creation


this using a subclass hierarchy, where the abstract base class is TreeNode and the subclasses are Leaf and InternalNode. Leaf contains no data at all, while InternalNode contains a piece of data and two (non-null) references to TreeNodes. There are many other properties of data structures that can be encoded in types. For example, in a red-black tree, red nodes cannot have red children. We can enforce this statically by creating a subclass hierarchy where BlackNode objects contain references to the abstract base class Node, while RedNode objects contain only references to BlackNode objects. Similarly, the root must be black, so we just use a BlackNode reference for the root. If you're writing a sorting algorithm, it might not be clear that the array you get back contains a rearrangement of the same elements as the array you passed in. There's no quick way to check this, even at runtime. On the other hand, if instead of an array you pass in an object whose only valid non-read-only operation is to exchange two elements, then this becomes statically obvious. In short, wherever you find yourself wanting to keep track of a static property as it flows through a program, types are a great way of doing so - use them to catch errors sooner. In programming languages with more sophisticated type systems, you can encode even more information in types. Taking this to the extreme are dependent types, a relatively new system of types based on values that are extremely difficult to typecheck but so powerful that they can express many correctness properties of real programs. A number of research languages such as Dependent ML and Epigram already implement dependent types. With the power of systems like these, maybe in a few years the primitive C-based type systems of C# and C++ will look a lot like assembly language does now. But before we can take advantage of new technology, let's start making better use of what we have - encode your program's properties using types.MSDNArchive wikiHi everybody. This is a short post, but I just wanted to tell you all about a new wiki I created called LiteratePrograms, based on an extension of the same MediaWiki software used by Wikipedia. Some of you read my earlier post about literate programming and some of the advantages it has for easy-to-read exhibition of code. On LiteratePrograms, every article is a literate program: it is simultaneously a document and a piece of code which can be downloaded, compiled, and run. The "download code" tab at the top of every article runs the noweb literate programming tool which extracts code segments from the discussion, puts them back in a form that can be compiled, and zips them up in a package for download. Additionally, the wiki markup, editable by anyone, allows rich documentation including mathematical formulas and diagrams. Finally, all content is released under the liberal MIT/X11 non-copyleft license, so anybody can use it, even for commercial purposes. You can see a sample of LP in action at Insertion sort (C, simple). Recently featured at Lambda the Ultimate (thanks Allan!), LP has attracted a lot of attention and has a couple dozen articles and users now. The users have some pretty diverse interests in languages and subject areas that I would never have anticipated (see Pi with Machin's formula (Python), Hello World (occam)). I invite your suggestions for and participation in and the site - in particular, we're really lacking in Windows and.NET programs and programmers at the moment, and I know you guys can help. See How to write an article and take a look at the existing articles to learn about the markup syntax. Please ask me any questions you have. Thanks everyone.MSDNArchive tracking in buildsHappy Valentine's Day, everyone! Today I'm going to talk about the important problem of successfully tracking dependencies in builds in an automatic manner. In short, there are two kinds of build systems: the ones where all dependencies are tracked successfully and incremental rebuilding is available at all times, and the ones where you have to rebuild everything whenever you change anything remotely significant. There is nothing inbetween - as soon as a build system fails to track dependencies in one circumstance, developers will become paranoid and insist on costly full rebuilds in the future. After all, the consequences of a partial rebuild are insidiously difficult to diagnose, resulting in broken builds, symbol mismatches, exceptions while loading assemblies, mixtures of interacting new and old code, and other nonsense that we don't want to waste our time debugging. This means that a dependency tracking system has to be very close to perfectly reliable, which can make it very difficult to design and implement successfully. Although the problem is a very old one, with tools like GNU make dating back decades, I believe in most project environments dependency tracking is not solved to the level of reliability that is needed for this kind of trust. Behind all of these failed dependency-tracking systems is one cardinal sin: Dependencies cannot be maintained by hand. I'm not merely saying maintaining dependencies by hand is difficult or even error-prone, but that it's damn near impossible. In C/C++ in particular, adding a _TAG_ statement to a header file implicitly adds a dependency to every source file including that header file directly or indirectly. Even worse is removing a _TAG_, in which case some of the files depending on it might no longer require it, but then some might, depending on what they directly or indirectly include. Waste all the time you want on this - you won't get it right. Even in C#, Java, or Visual Basic, which thankfully have no concept of header and source files and load an entire project for compilation at once, interproject dependencies can become just as complex in large solutions. Even worse are systems which require you to explicitly specify not only the dependencies but the build order. Often hierarchically structured solutions of many projects will use pretty good dependency tracking within each project, but revert to this "build these things in this order" model for the whole tree. The result is that related modules in different parts of the tree cannot be built together incrementally, and highly parallellized building becomes impossible. Scalability demands that we create some level of abstraction for solution-level builds, but that doesn't mean we have to sacrifice incremental building altogether. The alternative to maintaining something by hand is of course maintaining it automatically. The code is already quite explicit about what depends on what - whether in the form of _TAG_ statements, import statements, assembly references, or other means. The fundamental principle of avoiding redundancy tells us that we should be generating dependency information from these sources. For example, the following buried treasure from the GNU make manual details how to use the -M flag of gcc together with some (rather esoteric) script to automatically track header dependencies in C: The practice we recommend for automatic prerequisite generation is to have one makefile corresponding to each source file. For each source file 'name.c' there is a makefile 'name.d' which lists what files the object file 'name.o' depends on. That way only the source files that have changed need to be rescanned to produce the new prerequisites. Here is the pattern rule to generate a file of prerequisites (i.e., a makefile) called 'name.d' from a C source file called 'name.c': %.d: %.c _USER_ -e; rm -f $@; \ $(CC) -M $(CPPFLAGS) $< > $@.$$$$; \ sed's,\($*\)\.o[ :]*,\1.o $@ :,g' < $@.$$$$ > $@; \ rm -f $@.$$$$ The concept here is that the dependencies for each source file are stored in a separate file which itself depends on that source file. If the source file is modified, the ".d" file containing that source file's dependencies is rebuilt before


text:
Numerical simulations of a traveling plane-wave actuator for microfluidic applications
Tabak, Ahmet Fatih and Yeşilyurt, Serhat (2006) Numerical simulations of a traveling plane-wave actuator for microfluidic applications. In: COMSOL Users Conference 2006, October 22-24, 2006,
This is the latest version of this item.
Continuous forming and propagation of large planar deformations on a thin solid elastic film can create propulsion when the film is immersed in a fluid. Microscopic organisms such as spermatozoa use similar mechanisms to propel themselves. In this work, we present a numerical analysis of the effect of traveling plane-wave deformations on an elastic-film actuator within a fluid medium inside a channel. In particular, we analyzed a micropump that consists of a wave actuator, which is placed in a channel to pump the fluid in the direction of the planedeformation waves. The unsteady flow over the moving boundary between the parallel plates has very low Reynolds number, and, hence, is modeled using the two-dimensional time-dependent Stokes equations. The fluid-structure interaction due to moving boundary is modeled with the arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) method incorporating the Winslow smoothing. COMSOL is used to solve two-dimensional timedependent Stokes equations on a deforming mesh, and to carry out simulations of the flow. Effects of the deformation amplitude, wavelength, frequency and channel height on the flow rate are presented.
Available Versions of this Item
Repository Staff Only: item control page


text:
According to a study by the Fraunhofer Institute UMSICHT in Oberhausen, vehicle tire wear is the world's largest source of microplastic. On average, a car tire weighs 1 to 1.5 kg less at the end of its life than at the beginning. This difference is largely released into the environment as microplastic particles.
In order to answer the question of the whereabouts of microplastic particles from tire abrasion, new analysis methods are urgently needed to reliably detect and count these particles. We have carried out a pilot study to explore the possibilities of automatic SEM-EDX analysis when quantifying tire abrasion in environmental samples.
Our project partner provided us with a sample taken from a real street. We prepared a portion of this particulate sample by means of vacuum filtration on a membrane.
In order to find the tire abrasion particles in the sample, we first took reference particles from real tires and analyzed them by SEM-EDX. The following shows a microscopic image and an element spectrum of a tire rubber particle on a silver membrane from the reference sample.
A comparison of the abrasion of different brands has shown that tire rubber contains not only carbon (C), oxygen (O) and nitrogen (N), but also sulfur (S). Depending on the manufacturer, mineral and metallic fillers (Si, Ca, Al, Fe, Zn) are also added to define the hardness of the rubber. This chemical "fingerprint" is unique and allows the precise differentiation of tire wear from other inorganic and organic components that occur in street sweepings.
With this knowledge, we successfully identified and quantified the portion of tire wear in the sample by automated SEM-EDX particle analysis. In the following table we show exemplary results of the sample, the analysis shows all particles larger than 5 µm.


text:
Our Mission, Vision, and Beliefs/Values
The Flynn Center for the Performing Arts fosters the enjoyment, understanding, and development of the performing arts in Vermont through diverse and engaging artistic experiences.
The Flynn is Vermont's premier home for diverse performing arts programming and education, collaborating with artists, organizations, schools and the community to encourage the creation, appreciation, and understanding of the arts. We seek to nurture a vibrant arts community, foster artistic excellence, and bring people together for powerful shared experiences that inspire a creative exchange of ideas.
The arts touch people's lives in profound ways: in their understanding of themselves, their connection to local and world communities and cultures, and in their understanding of their own creativity. The arts provide these qualities to the greater public for the social and economic benefits that the shared performance experience provides. The Flynn's belief in these sustaining principles manifests in the following forms:
- Providing quality, diverse opportunities for shared artistic experiences for all, inspiring participation in the creation, understanding, and appreciation of the arts.
- Fostering artistic development of established, emerging, and aspiring regional, national, and international artists.
- Collaborating with artists and arts organizations, community partners, and businesses in pursuit of mutual goals and richer cultural experiences.
- Appreciating the value of our audiences, the talent of our artists, the generosity of our funders, the dedication of our staff, board, and volunteers, and the integrity of our communities.
- Creating a dynamic learning organization.
- Responding to demographic shifts in our community.
- Embracing an internal staff culture that values innovation and cooperation, utilizes talent and skills, and provides opportunities for growth and learning.
- Providing excellent customer service with a constant focus on patron/participant experience at every contact point.
- Staying current with technological advances.
- Preserving our historic facilities within an environmentally responsible framework whenever possible.
- Maintaining prudent financial planning and management to secure future viability and sustainability.


text: Earth Day was celebrated on the 19th and 20th of April 2017 in a pompous manner, inside the school campus of Integrated Indian School. It was a great manifestation of environmental issues and highlighted the efforts that can be made to make a difference. On the 19th of April an Inter house Drawing and Colouring competition for primary section, a Poster Making and Slogan Writing competition for secondary and higher secondary section, was organized with the theme of 'Save Earth'. The students displayed incredible creative ideas. A special assembly was conducted on the 20th of April to commemorate the occasion of Earth Day. The assembly was preceded by Quran recitation and Kuwait National Anthem followed by a series of items presented by the students. The school choir presented a melodious song to mark the spirit of Earth Day. To emphasize upon the need to save The Mother Earth, tips of the day was given and an interesting skit was also performed by the students. The winners of Inter house Drawing and Colouring competition, Poster Making and Slogan Writing competitions were awarded with certificates and medals. Our esteem Directress Mrs. Anju Mehrotra and Respected Principal Mr. Arul Dharmaraj Thomas addressed the assembly which inspired the students and teachers by sharing their valuable thoughts and ideas. The celebration concluded with a pledge, taken by the students, teachers and staff members of the school to protect and save our depleting environment and Mother Earth by doing our bit.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I have a sheet that I would like to highlight cells that are equal to any of the values listed in range of cells on another sheet. How do I do this?
Sheet 1 contains values I want to highlight in green any cell that equals any value in Row A of sheet 2.
For example, column A is
I want to highlight any cell on sheet 1 that equals Apples, Oranges, or Peaches.
share|improve this question
add comment
1 Answer
up vote 1 down vote accepted
In Excel 2010 you can use cells from other sheets in the conditional formats formula. In earlier versions this is not possible.
To search if the value is in a list use the CountIF function.
Conditional Format Rule Dialog Box
share|improve this answer
I don't want to count the number of occurrences. I have edited my question to make it more clear. (I hope) – Larry Aug 9 '12 at 2:06
Have you tried it? The conditional format is asking a true false question. Anything other than 0 is true. If the count is greater than zero it will correctly highlight the cell – wbeard52 Aug 9 '12 at 2:20
Yes and it said I had too few arguments. Can you break down what's in the parenthesis? – Larry Aug 9 '12 at 2:25
Here is what I have =COUNTIF('Classes I Teach'!$A:$A,) what do I put after the comma for the range? – Larry Aug 9 '12 at 2:51
The CountIf function needs two arguments. ([Range to search in], [Value to Search]). For you it looks you need to add the value you are searching for after the 'Classes I Teach'!$A:$A. My advice, get the formula to work in an adjacent cell (not in the conditional format box) and then copy that formula to the conditional format – wbeard52 Aug 9 '12 at 3:27
show 4 more comments
Your Answer


text:
Pythium and Poinsettias
Pythium root and stem rot can occur any time during poinsettia propagation or production, as it spreads easily by water. Olson's Greenhouse in Salem, Utah, has found a solution to this challenge.
It's an unfortunate, yet common combination. Pythium root and stem rot can occur any time during poinsettia propagation or production, as it spreads easily by water.
And yes, it's a common cause of headaches for growers.
For Matt Carr, Growing Department Head at Olson's Greenhouse in Salem, Utah, even several applications of chemical treatments didn't avoid the headache.
Olson's Greenhouse is one of the nation's largest operations, with approximately 1,300,000 sq. ft. of growing space. Their standard practice was to apply fungicides at least three times during the production cycle, but even then they would still see signs of Pythium, according to Carr. Although that combination was used both as a preventative and a curative, they continued to have Pythium issues and lose plants because of it.
Having been familiar with RootShield at his previous operation, Carr suggested incorporating RootShield Granules into their soil mix.
"When we started mixing our own soil, it was a perfect opportunity to add RootShield into the batch system," comments Carr. "It was an easy decision." Spending minimal effort up front, by adding the biological fungicide to the mix from the beginning, eliminated any further labor and cost involved with fungicide treatments.
RootShield, from BioWorks, Inc., is a preventative biofungicide (Trichoderma harzianum, strain T-22) that grows on the roots and colonizes root hairs, shielding them against root damaging fungi for up to 12 weeks. Not only does it protect against Pythium, but also Fusarium, Rhizoctonia, Thielaviopsis, and Cylindrocladium. The result is a healthier root system and stronger plant.
Scott Armstrong, BioWorks' Southern Region Technical Sales Manager, visited Olson's several weeks after planting, to take root samples for testing. The samples were sent to the company's lab for testing to ensure the T-22 was colonizing on the roots at the appropriate level in the soil. This service gives the grower reassurance that the active ingredient is performing as expected.
Since incorporating RootShield into their poinsettia growing practice, what was once a major problem has nearly been eliminated. Fungicide use has gone down tremendously, and they have healthier, better quality plants. Carr is now using RootShield on all crops that have a tendency for root disease that they used to treat curatively and preventatively, including geraniums, pansies, petunias, and gerbera daisies.
Since Olson's is a VeriFlora Certified operation, it's an added benefit that RootShield is also VeriFlora Certified and OMRI listed. "We prefer biological chemistry and to be able to reduce the impact on the environment," adds Carr. "Working with a product that has a low (0) REI is a great benefit as well."
The change in process has been effortless and effective. Simply adding RootShield Granules into the initial soil mix to prevent prevalent root diseases, no further treatments are needed, plant losses are drastically reduced, and the poinsettias are healthy and look great for shipping.
Tamara Brister is the marketing manager at BioWorks. She can be reached at _EMAIL_


text:
UF study looks at links between children's gut bacteria, type 1 diabetes
Diabetes by the numbers:
Published: Tuesday, July 13, 2010 at 6:01 a.m.
Last Modified: Monday, July 12, 2010 at 11:32 p.m.
You might say it was a gut feeling that led University of Florida researchers to a new way of looking at type 1 or juvenile diabetes.
Facts on Diabetes
Total: 23.6 million children and adults in the United States - 7.8 percent of the population - have diabetes.
Diagnosed: 17.9 million people
Undiagnosed: 5.7 million people
Type 1 diabetes: About one in every 400 to 600 children and adolescents has type 1 diabetes.
- American Diabetes Association
New research shows it is the mix of bacteria in a child's digestive tract that might determine whether he or she develops type 1 diabetes.
This form of diabetes, which affects more than 3 million Americans under the age of 20, has long been a medical mystery. There seems to be little or no genetic link to the condition, since only 15 percent of those who develop type 1 diabetes have an immediate family member with the disease.
The environment has long been a suspect, but scientists have not yet determined what could trigger diabetes in young patients.
UF researchers say that trigger could be linked to the bacteria that live in our digestive tracts. As a newborn draws its first breaths, it begins ingesting microbes from the world around it. These bacteria soon populate a baby's relatively pristine digestive system.
Microbes are essential to health, helping to break down food while offering an extra layer of protection to the delicate digestive system. Most of us maintain a healthy balance of microbes in our gut.
This latest research shows that type 1 diabetics lack this balance of bacteria. The mix in their guts showed erratic combinations with less variety among the bacteria. As the diabetic children's disease progressed, so did the irregular makeup of their gut bacteria.
Eric Triplett, chairman of UF's department of microbiology and cell science, is lead author of the study, published in the International Society of Microbial Ecology Journal.
Triplett takes his cue from Tolstoy's "Anna Karenina" when explaining the differences seen in diabetic children: "All happy families are alike; each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way."
The study tracked the gut bacteria of eight Finnish children, using high-speed genetic analysis to identify and count the bacteria present in each child's bodily waste. Four of the children developed diabetes, while four did not.
The uniformity of Finland's gene pool, along with a higher prevalence of type 1 diabetes, makes the Finnish population ideal for genetic research on the condition, said Mark Atkinson, a type 1 diabetes researcher in UF's department of pathology, immunology and laboratory medicine.
Researchers still must determine how an unbalanced bacterial mix contributes to the disease, which occurs when the body's own immune system destroys insulin-producing cells in the pancreas.
Those involved in the study suspect that an unstable bacteria mix might have a role in other immunological diseases, such as Crohn's disease, celiac disease and multiple sclerosis.
Tests to evaluate gut bacteria levels could offer an early indicator of diabetes and give doctors an early jump on treatment.
"It won't be as easy as feeding a patient yogurt," Triplett said. "But if we could develop a system of profiling someone's gut environment, then maybe we can develop a system for modifying or correcting it, as well."
Contact Diane Chun at _PHONE_ or _EMAIL_.
Reader comments posted to this article may be published in our print edition. All rights reserved. This copyrighted material may not be re-published without permission. Links are encouraged.


text:
- Students will learn how the federal government estimates the poverty line.
- Students will calculate alternatives to the federal estimate, in small groups or individually.
- Students will discuss the possible effects of underestimating the poverty line.
- Copies of the How Much Income is Really Required to Make Ends Meet? (PDF) for small groups or individual students (The handout can be adapted for younger students.)
The federal poverty line is used to determine individuals' and families' eligibility for particular kinds of aid and services and also is an important benchmark that helps the nation know how many Americans are struggling financially each year, and over time.
In 2012, the federal government set the poverty line for a family of four at $23,050. The figure is based on food costs — the government identifies how much it should cost to feed a family of four for one year and then multiplies that number by three. The formula has been used for decades.
What it fails to capture is this: In today's America, food expenses represent just one-fifth of the average household budget, not a third. Other costs — housing, health care, childcare and transportation — typically eat up larger portions of a family's budget.
Ask students if they have ever heard of the federal poverty line. If so, invite them to share what they know. Review the above framework and objectives with students.
Working in diverse small groups, or individually, ask students to complete the handout (PDF). Be sure to "walk the room" and help students or groups who are struggling with particular portions of the word problem. The answers, along with mathematical solutions, appear below.
So, how much income is really required to make ends meet?
1: Adjusting the federal estimate
- Based on the government's estimate, what is the annual cost of food for a family of four? ($23,050/3=$7,683.30)
- If annual food costs represent one-fifth of a family's expenses, how much money does a family need to purchase food and everything else it needs?
$7,683.30 = x
x= ($7,683.30x100)/20 = $38,416.50
The adjusted federal estimate is.
2: Using other benchmarks
What if the government used other factors —childcare or housing costs, for example — to calculate the poverty line, instead of food costs?
Typical rental (2 bedroom) costs in the United States today run $949 per month (Source), and a family with one four-year-old and one school-aged child pays an average of $1,066 per month in childcare costs (Source)
- If the federal estimate was based on childcare cost, not food, the poverty line would be.
- If the federal estimate was based on housing costs, not food, the poverty line would be.
($1,066 x 12 months x 3= $38,376)
($949 x 12 months x 3= $34,164)
So, how severely does the federal poverty line underestimate income a family really needs to make ends meet?
|Federal Estimate||Adjusted Federal Estimate||Childcare Benchmark||Housing Benchmark|
1. Judged against the adjusted federal estimate, the federal estimate underestimates the income necessary by.
($38,416.50 -$23,050=$15,366.50)/$38,416.50)=.39 (40%)
2. Judged against an estimate based on childcare costs, the federal estimate underestimates the income necessary by.
3. Judged against an estimate based on housing costs, the federal estimate underestimates the income necessary by.
Remind students that the federal poverty line serves two primary purposes: 1) to establish eligibility (or ineligibility) of individuals and families for certain kinds of aid and services, and 2) to help the nation gauge the number of Americans who are struggling financially, in a given year and over time.
As a whole class, discuss:
- Based on what we've learned, how likely is it that a family making $25,000 a year — an income above the poverty line — would struggle financially? Why? (Very likely — we've learned that it could take anywhere from $23,050 to $38,416 for a family of four to make ends meet.)
- What are some possible effects of the government underestimating the poverty line? (Answers will vary, but may include: people who need aid and services won't get them; the government won't really know how many people are struggling; it paints a healthier economic picture than there really is.)
- Why might the government be hesitant to change its formula for calculating the poverty line? (Answers will vary, but may include: we're running a deficit, and don't have money to provide more aid; it's the way they've always done it; changing it would mean changing lots of government programs, and that would be cumbersome for a big bureaucracy like the federal government.)
- Do you think the federal government should change the way it calculates the poverty line? Why? (Answers will vary.)
Statistical data in this activity is drawn from Ending Poverty, eds. John Edwards, Marion Crain and Arne L. Kalleberg, The New Press, 2007, Income, Expenditures, & Wealth, U.S. Census Bureau, 2004, at _URL_ and the Bureau of Labor Statistics at _URL_.
To help students understand that working people with all kinds of jobs can struggle financially or experience poverty, allow time for them to research the median wages of different professions. A good place to start is the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Samples include:
Profession: Median Salary
School cook: $24,230
Retail salesperson: $25,130
Preschool teacher: $30,150
City bus driver: $37,440
News reporter: $27,600
Realtor: $51,170 (includes commissions)
Note: These salary numbers assume full-time employment (40 hours per week) for 52 weeks per year.
(Source: All of the salaries are from this link: _URL_


One Year After Sandy, Fires Plague Boardwalks and Homes That Flooded
Wiring corroded by saltwater remains a hazard, experts say.
View Images
Firefighters work to extinguish the fire that destroyed the Seaside Heights boardwalk. Corroded wiring could have been a factor in the fire's outbreak.
When a massive fire destroyed six blocks of boardwalk in Seaside Park and neighboring Seaside Heights in northern New Jersey last month, blame was placed on an event that had happened 11 months earlier: Superstorm Sandy.
How could last year's storm spark a fire that burned whole blocks of boardwalk and destroyed more than 50 businesses?
The answer lies in the invisible damage that floods can wreak on electrical wiring, experts say.
Even pinhole-size damage to an electrical wire's insulation can lead to the wire heating up over 200 degrees. This can spark a fire that can burn down homes, businesses, or, in this case, a beloved boardwalk that had just gotten back in business.
Using an electrical wire with damaged insulation under a boardwalk or in a home is "like driving a car on bald tires. It doesn't mean the car is going to fail, but it could," said Dave Brender, national program manager of electrical applications for the Copper Development Association, a trade group for the electrical industry. "You're asking for trouble."
Anatomy of a Wire
A typical electrical wire is made up of two components: The first is the metal that carries the electricity, which is commonly copper but can also be copper wound around an aluminum core. The second is the insulation, which is usually made out of polyvinyl chloride, also known as PVC.
PVC is a common insulator, but it's not perfect, said John Destasio, a machinery technician in Seaside Park.
"Because we need wiring to be flexible, we must make it out of a flexible material," he said. But that means it's "vulnerable to breakdown through time, erosion, and heat."
Windblown sand can cut tiny holes in the wiring's insulation, Destasio said. That allows water to seep in and come in contact with the metal of the wire's core.
Freshwater alone can corrode the metal (think about an old car rusting in the rain), but saltwater residue acts as an enhancer and speeds up the process (as does water tainted by gasoline from a flooded gas station, oil from a flooded car, or sewage from a burst sewer main).
That situation can create a dangerous feedback loop, Destasio said. Corrosion of the wire creates resistance to the electricity moving through it, which then generates more heat. Heat quickens corrosion on the wire, which further increases resistance, which generates even more heat.
Eventually, the hot wire reaches a temperature at which it breaks down more of the insulation. At that point, arcs of electricity can pass through the air from one wire to another, like little bolts of lightning.
"If that arc were hot enough, and [if it] comes into contact with something flammable, you get fire," said Destasio.
Salty Trouble
After a storm like Sandy, it can be hard to tell which wires inside structures were affected by water, and even harder to tell if insulation suffered small-scale damage.
The same problem emerged after the major flooding in Colorado in September and in North Dakota in April.
Even if the lights still work, there could be wire damage that leads to fires months or even years later, Brender said.
Technicians use ohmmeters to measure how much resistance is in a wire, Destasio said. If they find a great deal, it can suggest a wire is compromised, but wires with minimal damage often check out fine but can have problems later.
Much of the wiring used up and down the East Coast is decades old and may not be up to current codes. Some storm-damaged wiring may have had worn or substandard insulation to begin with.
Much of the wire used on boardwalks or in seaside structures was never intended to be flooded by seawater, because large storm events like Sandy have been relatively rare until recently.
Fires Spread
The Seaside fire was a big, visible example, but post-Sandy fires have been affecting homes and businesses along the Jersey Shore for months.
In March, the town of Strathmere—which has a year-round population of 158 people and is about 70 miles (113 kilometers) south of Seaside Park—saw two fires within 18 hours of each other. One was in an office and the other was in a home; both were determined to be linked to Sandy's flooding of internal wiring.
The official cause of the Seaside fire was the failure of electrical wiring that ran under the boardwalk. Officials attributed it to both the age of the wiring, some of which dated back to the 1970s, and to exposure to saltwater during Superstorm Sandy.
The danger doesn't stop with boardwalk wiring, though. Anything with a motor that was flooded by saltwater—like a garage refrigerator that started working again when the power came back on—poses a risk, said Brender.
The safest thing to do is replace any wiring that might have been affected by floodwater.
"That light bulb might light, but it's like a ticking time bomb, and you don't know it," Brender said.
Comment on This Story


text: Visitors to today's museums, exhibits and historic sites seek deeper understanding and a more personal experience. Wyatt Design Group has worked closely with museums and exhibit developers to integrate interpretive objectives into immersive physical environments. We have planned visitor centers at cultural sites, where exhibits and special supporting facilities must be developed to facilitate large numbers of visitors. For educational experiences, cultural attractions or exhibits, content is focused to achieve educational objectives and accurate interpretation. The integration of collections, artifacts, reproductions, and interpretive graphics become keys to storytelling with the environments enhancing that story and creating context.


text:
"Control" in a Sentence (with Audio)
control (n, v): the act of controlling something or someone, or the power to do this; to order, limit, or rule something, or someone's actions or behaviour
Use "control" in a sentence
He struggled to retain control of the situation.
He couldn't control his anger.
Nobody can control us.
Everything is under control.
Back to "3000 Most Common Words in English"


text:
One Square Block is designed to hone students' skills of observation, critical thinking, and problem-solving, all necessary tools for effective watershed stewards.
Every block tells a story—of plants and animals, history and culture, soil and water. One Square Block™ invites students to explore a single square block in their community—their own neighborhood, a local park, the schoolyard—and create poetry, art, and reports about what they find there.
Younger students may create field guides to plants, trees, and animals on their block; they'll learn where their water comes from, where the rain runoff goes, and who lived there a long time ago. Older students may investigate land use, transportation, zoning, and other specifics; they conduct oral histories and learn to identify architectural details, weather patterns, and geographic information systems (GIS) coordinates. Each block project will post a detail-rich, standardized "block print" online and compare its block with other blocks from around the world.
We have developed and piloted about ten activities for One Square Block with great success. We are currently working with both Saint Mary's faculty and community partners to expand our offerings, which will eventually include a full K-12 range of exciting and interactive place-based classroom and field activities.


16 '09 at 16:30
_USER_ If not a posted answer already, you should. I had no idea it just as simple as this to override built-in function behavior. Of course, it should make one look a bit more closely at any code packages they borrow from other sites. That harmless parseInt function could easily be made to do something not so harmless. – bob-the-destroyer Jun 21 '10 at 2:22
_USER_: what about redefining the fn to highlight the 'coding error'? __parseInt = parseInt; parseInt = function (str, base) { if (!base) throw new Error(69, "All your base belong to us"); return __parseInt(str, base); } – JBRWilkinson Jul 26 '10 at 9:51
Functions are objects and therefore can have properties.
fn = function(x) {
 //...
fn.foo = 1;
fn.next = function(y) {
This is a very useful tip. For example, you can set default values as a property of the function. For example: myfunc.delay=100; Then users can change the default value and all function calls will use the new default value. For example: myfunc.delay = 200; myfunc(); – BarelyFitz Jun 1 '09 at 0:23
_USER_: Why have another separate variable? As usual this boils down to "use it when appropriate/useful" ;-) – VolkerK Dec 10 '10 at 9:04
I'd have to say self-executing functions.
(function() { alert("hi there");})();
Because Javascript doesn't have block scope, you can use a self-executing function if you want to define local variables:
(function() {
 var myvar = 2;
Here, myvar is does not interfere with or pollute the global scope, and disappears when the function terminates.
What is this useful for? You get the same results from putting the alert outside the function. – Paul Marshall Mar 20 '09 at 15:39
It's not about the alert, it's about defining and executing a function all at once. You could have that self-executing function return a value and pass the function as a param to another function. – ScottKoon Mar 31 '09 at 19:08
_USER_ it's good for encapsulation. – Mike Robinson May 18 '09 at 14:50
It's also good for block scoping. – Jim Hunziker May 23 '09 at 19:41
Yeah, I enclose all my.js files in an anonymous self-executing function and attach anything I want globally accessible within it to the window object. Prevents global namespace pollution. – cdmckay Nov 5 '09 at 20:11
Know how many parameters are expected by a function
function add_nums(num1, num2, num3 ){
 return num1 + num2 + num3;
add_nums.length // 3 is the number of parameters expected.
Know how many parameters are received by the function
function add_many_nums(){
 return arguments.length;
add_many_nums(2,1,122,12,21,89); //returns 6
Never knew about the first part. Nice! – mcjabberz Sep 17 '09 at 19:48
Similarly you can find out how many arguments a function is expecting with function.length. – Xavi Jul 27 '10 at 15:18
_USER_ which is 1st part of the answer – pramodc84 Aug 6 '10 at 3:49
Here are some interesting things:
 - Comparing NaN with anything (even NaN) is always false, that includes ==, < and >.
 - NaN Stands for Not a Number but if you ask for the type it actually returns a number.
 - Array.sort can take a comparator function and is called by a quicksort-like driver (depends on implementation).
 - Regular expression "constants" can maintain state, like the last thing they matched.
 - Some versions of JavaScript allow you to access $0, $1, $2 members on a regex.
 - null is unlike anything else. It is neither an object, a boolean, a number, a string, nor undefined. It's a bit like an "alternate" undefined. (Note: typeof null == "object")
 - In the outermost context, this yields the otherwise unnameable [Global] object.
 - Declaring a variable with var, instead of just relying on automatic declaration of the variable gives the runtime a real chance of optimizing access to that variable
 - The with construct will destroy such optimzations
 - Variable names can contain Unicode characters.
 - JavaScript regular expressions are not actually regular. They are based on Perl's regexs, and it is possible to construct expressions with lookaheads that take a very, very long time to evaluate.
 - Blocks can be labeled and used as the targets of break. Loops can be labeled and used as the target of continue.
 - Arrays are not sparse. Setting the 1000th element of an otherwise empty array should fill it with undefined. (depends on implementation)
 - if (new Boolean(false)) {...} will execute the {...} block
 - Javascript's regular expression engine's are implementation specific: e.g. it is possible to write "non-portable" regular expressions.
[updated a little in response to good comments; please see comments]
null is actually an (special) object. typeof null returns "object". – Ates Goral Oct 1 '08 at 4:35
You can also get the [Global] object from anywhere like this: var glb = function () { return this; }(); – Zilk Oct 28 '08 at 21:35
The global object in javascript in a browser is the window object. When in the global scope doing: window.a == a; – Pim Jager Jan 27 '09 at 23:21
"Arrays are not sparse" depends on the implementation. If you set the value of a[1000] and look at a[999], then yes, it is undefined, but that is just the default value you get when looking for an index that doesn't exist. If you checked a[2000], that would also be undefined, but that doesn't mean you've allocated memory for it yet. In IE8, some arrays are dense, and some are sparse, depending on how the JScript engine felt at the time. Read more here: blogs.msdn.com/jscript/archive/2008/04/08/… – Chris Nielsen Sep 19 '09 at 18:50
_USER_ and _USER_: typeof returns "object" for a range of different types. But once you know how it works and what types identify as "object", it is at least reliable and consistent in its implementation. – thomasrutter Mar 18 '10 at 16:00
I know I'm late to the party, but I just can't believe the + operator's usefulness hasn't been mentioned beyond "convert anything to a number". Maybe that's how well hidden a feature it is?
// Quick hex to dec conversion:
+"0xFF"; // -> 255
// Get a timestamp for now, the equivalent of 'new Date().getTime()':
+new Date();
// Safer parsing than parseFloat()/parseInt()
parseInt("1,000"); // -> 1, not 1000
+"1,000"; // -> NaN, much better for testing user input
parseInt("010"); // -> 8, because of the octal literal prefix
+"010"; // -> 10, 'Number()' doesn't parse octal literals
// A use case for this would be rare, but still useful in cases
// for shortening something like if (someVar === null) someVar = 0;
+null; // -> 0;
// Boolean to integer
+true; // -> 1;
+false; // -> 0;
// Other useful tidbits:
+"1e10"; // -> _PHONE_
+"1e-4"; // -> 0.0001
+"-12"; // -> -12
Of course, you can do all this using Number() instead, but the + operator is so much prettier!
You can also define a numeric return value for an object by overriding the prototype's valueOf() method. Any number conversion performed on that object will not result in NaN, but the return value of the valueOf() method:
var rnd = {
 "valueOf": function () { return Math.floor(Math.random()*1000); }
+rnd; // -> 442;
+rnd; // -> 727;
+rnd; // -> 718;
_USER_: you're kind of missing the point, which is coercing other primitives and objects to numbers. Of course you can just write 0xFF, much the same way you can write 1 instead of +true. I'm suggesting that you can use +("0x"+somevar) as an alternative to parseInt(somevar, 16), if you want to. – Andy E Jan 14 '11 at 10:49
"Extension methods in JavaScript" via the prototype property.
Array.prototype.contains = function(value) {
 return false;
This will add a contains method to all Array objects


text: Fallow-deer _USER_:14:5 (R.V., "Wild goat"); kjvKings:4:23 (R.V., "roebucks"). This animal, called in Hebrew _yahmur_, from a word meaning "to be red," is regarded by some as the common fallow-deer, the Cervus dama, which is said to be found very generally over Western and Southern Asia. It is called "fallow" from its pale-red or yellow colour. Some interpreters, however, regard the name as designating the bubale, Antelope bubale, the "wild cow" of North Africa, which is about the size of a stag, like the hartebeest of South Africa. A species of deer has been found at Mount Carmel which is called _yahmur_ by the Arabs. It is said to be similar to the European roebuck.


text:
more than dogs love balls"), her usage of a derogatory racial slur while members of that racial group are present and appear physically threatening, and the audience's overall struggle to interpret her political incorrectness. In particular, the narrative gets progressively more incongruent as the tension escalates from her sense of entitlement to criticize other oppressed minority groups. While some audiences might feel offended, this humor may empower others to feel superior because they seemingly lack the negative traits of the stereotypes groups.
In extending superiority theory sociologically, we can further draw upon maintenance theory. Maintenance theory argues that comedians'
jokes maintain the established social roles and divisions within a society. They can strengthen roles within the family, within a working environment and everywhere there exists an in-group and out-group. When [ethnic] jokes are concerned, jokers choose groups very similar to theirs as the target of the joke only to focus on the mutual differences and in that way strengthen the established divisions between the two groups. (Mulder and Nijolt 2002: 7)
Silverman's humor supports this theory when she begins playing into an ethnic stereotype about Jewish people. She sings "I love you more than Jews love money" and then branches off into increasingly more offensive stereotypes about marginalized races and ethnicities, and gays and lesbians. The audience could perceive her as acknowledging some of the preconceived notions about her own ethnic groups only to establish that they are very different and separate from the preconceived cultural meanings attached other oppressed groups. This is accomplished by suggesting that her ethnic group has a sense of class-based superiority over these other groups.
If we interpret Silverman's video through the lenses of superiority theory or maintenance theory, we should be highly critical of it. As the YouTube comments for the video illustrate, many viewers do indeed take her stereotypes at face-value and find humor in them. If this were the only interpretation, we should critique Silverman, as a white middle-class comedian, to tell jokes that draw so blatantly on stereotypes about other oppressed racial and ethnic groups. From these perspectives, her humor reproduces stereotypes and the power relationship that is built upon them. Many comedians and jokes rely on these very dynamics. However, these are not the only interpretations of Silverman's humor in this context.
Rather, there is also a deeper, more critical incongruity in Silverman's humor in this video. This incongruity is situated in how the objects (various racial and ethnic stereotypes) are positioned relative to one another in a way that actually challenges both the stereotypes and their usage by a white, middle-class comedian. The audience perceives a supposed ignorance in her usage of these stereotypes only to recognize that she is juxtaposing them in a critical manner. She produces dramatic irony that makes the audience sensitive to racial dilemmas raised in the performance. In short, one racial stereotype is like any other; they are gross oversimplifications that can be hurtful, but they do not affect all audiences in the same way (as exhibited by the reaction of African-Americans in the video). Or like Louis CK once said, "white people don't get offended by being called crackers." Here, Silverman is bringing attention both to the inappropriate usage of the stereotype as well as her usage of it as a white person.
For those viewers that acknowledge these subtleties, we can interpret her song as raising awareness about why it is not okay for those who benefit from white or class privilege to use racial slurs or make racist comments. By introducing the African-American men in the skit, she holds the mirror up to herself and uses the tense, but humorous, moment to critique her own use of stereotypes. When the skit ends with a harsh realization that the comedian did not have the right to criticize the misfortune of these groups in the first place, the joke serves as a useful tool to unpack the sense of entitlement that white privilege bestows upon certain comedians, including Silverman. From this perspective, the tension is resolved only when the audience realizes through Silverman's interaction with the two African-American men that it is her and her white privilege that should be made fun of. If we accept this interpretation, we might see her witty humor as exposing her own white privilege.
I leave it up to the reader to determine which of these theories of humor is appropriate for interpreting the video of Sarah Silverman, a white upper-middle class, female, Jewish comedian. Again, when we look at the YouTube comments for the video, I believe we find evidence that viewers draw upon all these interpretations (and more). But the broader questions about the role of race in humor, and the quality of that humor, still do not end there. Even if we accept her humor as an attempt to expose white privilege, is it acceptable that she uses such blatant and derogatory racial slurs to so? As noted on Jezebel, perhaps comedians must actually come from the marginalized position to claim to speak on behalf of them, or perhaps "if you need to rely on jarring, abominable and offensive words, you're probably not that funny" anyway.
Elizabeth Dickson is a student at Ohio Wesleyan University, where she is double-majoring in Psychology and Sociology.
White privilege refers to the unearned advantages that whites receive because of their skin color. It includes a vast array of concrete advantages varying from institutional settings (systemic discrimination in housing markets) to everyday encounters (e.g. being able to shop in a store without getting followed). They provide a variety of social and economic benefits, and can be cashed in, to confer greater power, authority, and status upon whites. But as Peggy McIntosh argues in "White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack," these privileges are usually invisible to people who benefit from.
Largely because these advantages are invisible, it is no surprise that many people deny the existence of white privilege. For example, we have seen this denial throughout our Facebook page, and comments on previous posts. Some of the critics makes claims such as "White privilege is a myth" and "What we really have in America today is black privilege." If you venture over to the entry on white privilege at Urban Dictionary, you see definitions like this: White privilege is "the racist idea that simply being white benefits people in some unexplainable way, and that discriminating against white people is not only okay, but enlightened and necessary" and "A term used as a blanket condemnation of any success a white person may have." Throughout these discussions and comments, you see that not only do some people deny any existence of white privilege, but they do so with such anger and emotion that is very striking. For many people, they feel wronged to be told that they may have unearned advantages from their skin color, and they are more comfortable believing that their accomplishments in life are based solely on their own hard work and merit.
So is white privilege real? Yes. And contrary to the definition above at Urban Dictionary, it is clearly explainable. By drawing upon many of our previous posts here, I will curate a multimedia look at white privilege, how it works, and how we might be able to talk about it with people who deny its existence.
White privilege is institutionalized when the practices and policies of an institution systematically benefit whites at the expense of other racial groups. There are many examples of this. In the US, institutionalized advantages have been conferred upon whites throughout history in the accumulation of wealth. Beginning with slavery, encoded in New Deal policies, and in institutional practices today, whites continue to gain advantages in wealth accumulation. This first video (below) illustrates the extent of this gap today, and how the recent economic crisis has actually widened this gap. As of 2010, white households ($113,000) now have 18 times the net worth of Hispanics ($6,325) and 20 times the net worth of African-Americans ($5,677). See our full analysis here.
White privilege is also institutionalized in the labor market. In this clip from Freakonomics, economist Sendhil Mullainathan discusses his (and co-author Marianne Bertrand's) 2004 field experiment that examined racial discrimination in the labor market (article here). They sent out 5,000 resumes to real job ads. Everything in the job ads were the same except that half of the names had traditionally African-American names (e.g. "Lakisha Washington" or "Jamal Jones") and half had typical white names (e.g. "Emily Walsh" or "Greg Baker"). As they illustrate, people with African-American-sounding names have to send out 50% more resumes to get the same number of callbacks as people with white-sounding names. This shows a clear advantage given to whites in applying to jobs, and helps explain part of the racial gap in income.
White privilege is institutionalized in schools. Whites attend schools that spend more money per student, on average, than racial minorities. On average, they have better teachers. We can see this privilege illustrated in this video examining the role of race and education (see our full analysis here):
Follow this link to see further examples of how white privilege is institutionalized the housing market. The key point here is that in each of these examples, whites are given certain advantages over other racial groups. This was not an advantages earned by whites through merit or hard work, but rather, was given to them based on the color of their skin. Of course, there is much variation within people of the same racial group (e.g. class privilege, male privilege, etc). For example, working class whites still experience many disadvantages in society, even if they experience white privilege. However, the simultaneous existence of multiple (and intersecting) privileges does not mean that white privilege does not exist.
White privilege is also experienced in everyday life. Peggy McIntosh provides a list of


Helllo i just got a firestorm black and decker 10 inch mitre saw off one of my buddies for free because he upgraded. I was looking at some videos (none for this saw) and i couldn't figure out how to get the blade off. i put a wrench on the nut and turned clockwise but i don't know if it a clockwise or counter clockwise nut can anybody help? (Black and Decker firestorm 10" mitre saw)
If the model number is correct, or even close to it, this may be useful for you:
Firestorm FS100L miter saw manual
From that link, I found this set of images that are sure to be useful:
blade change pictures
A bit more digging in the manual shows this text:
 1. Remove screw (A) Fig. 41 and rotate cover (B) to the rear (Fig. 42).
 2. To remove the saw blade, insert the hex wrench (C) Fig. 43 into the hex hole located on the rear end of the motor shaft to keep the shaft from turning.
 3. Use a wrench (D) Fig. 44 to loosen the arbor screw (E) by turning it clockwise.
 4. Remove the arbor screw (E) Fig. 44, the outside blade flange (B), and the saw blade from the saw arbor.
 5. Attach the new saw blade making certain that the teeth of the saw blade are pointing down (Fig. 44). Place the outside blade flange (F) on the arbor, and attach the arbor screw (E) by turning it counter-clockwise using the wrench (D). At the same time, use the hex wrench (C) Fig. 43 to keep the arbor from turning.
 6. Rotate the cover back to the front and replace the screw that was removed in STEP 1.
WARNING:Remove wrenches (C) Fig. 43 and (D) Fig. 44 before starting machine.
Step 3 confirms reverse thread on the bolt holding the blade, turn clockwise (analog, not digital) to loosen.
| improve this answer | |
 - that last warning is priceless! – agentp Jan 7 '18 at 2:48
 - Turning right or left would depend on if the handle is at 12 o'clock position or 6 o'clock position that's why we use cw & ccw. Other than that it is a good answer. – Ed Beal Jan 7 '18 at 12:16
Easy to remember I think, you loosen the screw turning in the blade's cutting direction. Typically clockwise for miter saws and counter clockwise for hand held circular saws. They need to be that way so the motor doesn't tend to loosen the screw while cutting.
| improve this answer | |
Your Answer


What do you get when you combine IMatch[a] with Google's Inception V3[b] net, modified for multiple labels[c]? A fantastic playground for image recognition!
1. Overview
This is an experiment in using neural nets for image recognition in IMatch, and also an experiment in how such a workflow could be implemented. The application consists of an IMatch "app" that runs in IMatch, and a Windows-native application that runs TensorFlow for the actual image recognition.
The IMatch app consists of three modules: Labeling images, Reviewing suggested labels, and manage the Models.
A Model consists of an image recognition net and workflow parameters - where it gets its training data from, what categories it should label images with, and how the review process works.
This is experimental-grade, not production-grade software. The purpose of this software package is to explore and play with image recognition by neural nets in IMatch, not to provide a product. It is offered here in the hope that others may want to see for themselves what the result is on their data. The software is offered under the Apache 2.0 License[d], which, to quote the license means that it is offered WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.
In short: Make a backup of your data before using this. (And perhaps use it on a separate IMatch database.)
Download IMception 1.0
Source code[e] | Repository[f]
2.1. Installation
The following applies to the Windows zip package.
 1. Unzip the package.
 2. The subdirectory imatch-app/ contains the IMatch application and should be placed where you keep your IMatch apps - typically C:\ProgramData\\imatch6\webroot\user.
 3. The subdirectory tf-server/ contains the application used to run TensorFlow. Put it anywhere you like, for example C:\Program Files\nu.sutic.imception.
Since this is the first Python-based application I distribute, I may have missed some dependencies for the Python interpreter. If you have problems, try installing Python 3.6.4[g]. It should give you any dependencies you need.
3. Quick Start
 1. Download and install the application.
 2. Download flower_photos.tgz[h]
 3. Unpack flower_photos.tgz in a folder of your choice.
 4. Add that folder to your IMatch database.
 5. Create a category hierarchy with one top category and subcategories matching the sub-folders of the flower_photos.tgz package. For example ImageLabel|daisy, ImageLabel|dandelion, and so on.
 6. Assign the photos in each sub-folder to the corresponding subcategory.
 7. Start the Imception application in IMatch.
 8. You will be asked to provide the directory where you installed the executable. Do so, then press OK. (If you copied the tf-server/ folder as in the example above, enter C:\Program Files\nu.sutic.imception.)
 9. Click on Create New, and input the name Flowers. (The folder should be flowers.)
 10. In Categories, enter a search term that will match the categories created in the above step. For example, ^ImageLabel|.
 11. Press Test and verify that the list includes all the categories with flowers that you created, but no other categories.
 12. In Review Category, enter AI-review.
 13. In Review Substitutions, enter ^,AI-assigned|
 14. In Approval Substitutions, enter ^AI-assigned\|,
 15. Press Test below Approval Substitutions. The message box should show the following flow:
 - ImageLabel|daisyImageLabel|daisyAI-assigned|ImageLabel|daisyImageLabel|daisy
 - ImageLabel|dandelionImageLabel|dandelionAI-assigned|ImageLabel|dandelionImageLabel|dandelion
 - ImageLabel|rosesImageLabel|rosesAI-assigned|ImageLabel|rosesImageLabel|roses
 - ImageLabel|sunflowersImageLabel|sunflowersAI-assigned|ImageLabel|sunflowersImageLabel|sunflowers
 - ImageLabel|tulipsImageLabel|tulipsAI-assigned|ImageLabel|tulipsImageLabel|tulips
 That is, images found to belong to the training category ImageLabel|daisy are first normalized to ImageLabel|daisy (no change), then placed in the category AI-assigned|ImageLabel|daisy for review, and when approved put in ImageLabel|daisy.
 16. Press Train, and go for a cup of coffee or something. A dialog box will pop up and inform you of the training progress. It takes about 30 minutes, and the application will need Internet access if this is the first time you train a net, as it will download the un-trained model.
 17. Switch to the Label module.
 18. Go to the top category you assigned flowers to, and select a bunch - say 10-20.
 19. Press Preview. A single image will be labeled and you will see the suggested labels along with confidence percentages. Green means that the label was above the confidence threshold, meaning that the model would have suggested you label the image with it.
 20. Now it's time to label some images for real. Press Label All Selected Images, and wait for it to complete.
 21. Switch to the Review module.
 22. Go to the AI-review category. You will see all flower images that the net could produce suggestions for.
 23. Select the first image.
 24. Click on the label to move it from the thanks-but-no-thanks set to the approved set.
 25. Press Apply to apply all approved categories and discard all rejected categories. The image is also removed from the AI-review category.
 26. Repeat for all files in the AI-review category.
4. Workflow
The workflow is based on the net doing an best effort at labeling images, and then have an optional review phase where those labels are either approved or rejected.
Each step in the workflow consists of either assigning images to a category or unassigning them from one. For example, when recognizing labels, the recognized labels will be categories to which the image will be assigned. When a label for an image is approved, the image is unassigned from the corresponding category and moved to another category that indicates "approved label".
For example, a model may recognize the label banana. When it thinks an image has a banana in it, it will assign the image to the category review|banana, to indicate that it has seen a banana, but this requires review. If the label is approved, the image will be unassigned from review|banana and put in the plain banana category.
For the application to figure out all these category names, it uses substitutions. First, the model is trained on training categories. These are images that are known to be correctly labeled - for example "Training|apple" contains all images that are known to contain apples. These are the raw categories that come out from the image recognition.
The second step is a set of normalizing substitutions. Here we can, for example, strip the Training| prefix. Then we apply review substitutions to figure out which category the image should be in when we have detected a label, but that label is not human-approved. We can, for example, prepend a Review| prefix - making our detected label Review|apple. (If we don't want to review anything, we can simply not make any changes at all here - the image goes straight to the final category.)
Finally, when the label has been reviewed, a set of approval substitutions tells us the category where images that ended up in Review|apple should go when they are approved. In this case, we can remove the Review| prefix, putting the image in the apple category.
4.1. Label
The Label module is where you test your model and label images.
4.2. Review
The Review module is where you review the results of labeling images.
You can review one or more images at the same time. In the case of a single image, approving or rejecting labels work just as you would expect: approved labels are assigned to the image, rejected labels are removed. When you review more than one image, the approval or rejection applies to all images - an approved label will be applied to all images for which it has been suggested, and a rejected label will be removed from all images for which it has been suggested. If you have two images, apple.jpg and banana.jpg, and the suggestions Apple for apple.jpg and Banana for banana.jpg, approving both labels will assign Apple to apple.jpg and Banana to banana.jpg - but not apply Banana to apple.jpg or vice versa.
5. Models
The Models module is where you configure the recognition models and their workflow parameters.


Abbse airport (Abbse)
Country: Yemen
ISO country code: YE
City: Abbse
Airport name: Abbse
IATA code: EAB
Time zone: +3.0 GMT
Height above sea level: 198 meters
The length of the runway: 2067 meters
Cheap tickets to Abbse
Contacts Abbse airport
Latitude: 15.300000000000
Longitude: 43.967000000000
Hotels near Abbse airport
To find hotels near Abbse airport, paste in search form the name of the city of (Abbse), then select the dates of Check In and Check Out, select the number of guests and click Search.
EAB airport Abbse transcript or EAB which airport?
The name of the airport: Abbse. The airport is located in the country: Yemen. The city location of the airport in Abbse. IATA airport code Abbse: EAB. The IATA airport code is a 3 letter unique identifier, assigned airports world International air transport Association (IATA). ICAO airport code Abbse: OYAB. The ICAO airport code is a 4 letter unique identifier that is assigned to the airports by the International civil aviation organization (ICAO).
The geographic coordinates of the airport Abbse.
The latitude at which the airport is located: 15.300000000000, the longitude of airport: 43.967000000000. Geographic coordinates of latitude and longitude define the position of the airport on the earth's surface. To fully define the position of the airport in three-dimensional space, we should also know the third coordinate is the height. The height of the airport above sea level is 198 meters. The airport is located in the time zone: +3.0 GMT. The airline always indicates local time of departure and arrival airport according to the time zones.


text:
Longitudinal reinforcement conditions in columns are automatically controlled and the reinforcement arrangement is done automatically.
The condition that longitudinal reinforcement area in columns will not be less than 1% and greater than 4% of the gross section is automatically controlled and applied.
The condition is not to use reinforcement less than dairesel14 in columns and less than 6 in circular columns.
The condition that the total longitudinal reinforcement ratio will not exceed 6% is applied automatically in the sections with lap joints.
A c = Gross cross-sectional area of the column
A s = Longitudinal reinforcement area of the column
ϕ = Reinforcement diameter
Calculation effects (M xd, M yd, N d ) used in the column reinforcement calculation are found from the combination of earthquake, vertical, wind and soil loads, if any. For each loading, column reinforcement calculation is made at the top node of the column in the same floor and at the bottom node of an upper floor. In terms of the joint support of the existing floor and the upper floor, the largest area of reinforcement found from each combination is the reinforcement amount of that floor column. The same process is applied in all layers.
The selection of reinforcement is shown schematically. A s1, A s2, A s3, A s4 and A s6 represent the largest reinforcement areas found from each combination at the top and bottom joints of the column.
Taking into account 22.214.171.124, the area of column longitudinal reinforcement is not allowed to be less than 1% of the gross section.
The condition of not exceeding 6% of the total longitudinal reinforcement specified in item 126.96.36.199'shall be taken as half of the value (3%) for each column itself, and a control is made to be 6% in total. When the longitudinal reinforcement ratio is exceeded by 3%, it is requested to increase the column dimensions.
For each column:
As >= 0.01 Ac
As <= 0.03 Ac
In the columns thinner than ϕ14 and in circular columns less than 6 bars are not used.
Column splices are made in the middle of the column with relatively less strain.
The principles taken into account in the detail drawings for column longitudinal reinforcements:
The conditions given in (TBDY, Figure 7.2) are applied while preparing the details of the reinforcements that cannot be interlocked in the upper storey column due to the change in the column cross section from floor to floor.