text:
After creating a huge controversy by claiming that foreign patients who were treated in India developed antibiotic resistance, authors of the superbug New Delhi metallo-B-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) bacteria study published in the United Kingdom-based medical journal The Lancet now say that poor sanitation and unregulated antibiotic use presented an immense challenge and should be of great concern to the Indian health authorities and the World Health Organisation.
Responding to queries in the latest edition of the journal, the authors of the controversial study (Emergence of a new antibiotic resistance mechanism in India, Pakistan, and the UK: a molecular, biological and epidemiological study) quoted a UN report saying that 650 million people in India did not have adequate sanitation, and the sewage treatment system in Delhi struggled to cater to 50 per cent of the population.
"Such facts, coupled with India's heavy and unregulated antibiotic use, doubtlessly explain why seven of eight returning Swedish tourists experienced gut colonisation with bacteria producing extended spectrum B-lactamases (ESBLs) and why India has the highest community ESBL rate in the world," they said.
India has failed to recognise, let alone implement, the necessary WHO antibiotic recommendations issued in 2001. "Escheriachia coli with NFM-1 have been found as gut colonists in returning travellers (to The Netherlands, Sweden) from India, and might be transmitted via the faecal-oral route, providing a reservoir of future infection," the respondents, Timothy R.Walsh, Mark A Toleman, Jayanta B.Sarma, Seema Irfan, Neil Woodford and David, have written.
At the same time, the authors have expressed 'delight' over the efforts by the Indian authorities in developing new strategies to combat the pressing issue of antibiotic resistance. "This development, plus an open and broad engagement with the worldwide scientific community to expand resistance surveillance and to better understand risk factors for NDM-1, will assist us all in combating the problem," the article said.
Response to criticism
In response to the major criticism from correspondents, Indian officials and hospital surgeons, and those who rejected the link to India, the authors said that this was directed at the sentence: "'It is disturbing, in context, to read calls in the popular press for U.K. patients to opt for corrective surgery in India with the aim of saving the National Health Service (NHS) money. As our data show(s), such a proposal might ultimately cost the NHS substantially more than the short-term saving and we would strongly advise against such proposals.' This quote was taken, by critics of our paper, to be a general warning against medical tourism, which currently caters for 4,50,000 patients per year, generates $2 billion per year, and is expected to increase by 30 per cent per year."
On the naming of the bacteria, the authors say that NDM-1 follows nomenclature for metallo-B-lactamases that started in 1999 with VIM-1 (Verona imipenemase), and includes SPM (Sao Paulo metallo) and SIM (Seoul imipenemase). "No one objected when two research papers (including an Indian study), which were published before our article, used the NDM-1 epithet. Furthermore, Pseudomonas delhiensis was named after the capital by Indian scientists," the authors said.
The Indian Network for Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance, in its reaction to the article, has recommended mandatory surveillance of drug resistance, and said regulatory policies to control abuse of antibiotics in hospitals and communities should be strictly implemented, especially in developing countries.


Tuesday, September 10, 2019
The Rain Gauge - How Can Something So Simple Be So Complex?
The rain gauge. At its most basic it is just a straight-sided cylinder, with a bottom, of course. Like the mousetrap, someone is always trying to build a better one. A simple web search of "rain gauge" will display a gallery of images of different types of rain gauges.
While the basic concept for a rain gauge is simple, the complications start to come in with calibration, measurement, and siting/exposure. Add to that the increasing complexity when mechanical and electronic components become part of the measurement process and the potential for measurement errors greatly increases. There are weighing bucket rain gauges, which measure the amount of precipitation by weighing the water and recording it on a revolving chart (and now digital storage). There are also weighing rain gauges that utilize more complex technology and software to measure precipitation.
An older weighing bucket rain gauge. The recording drum is located behind the door in the bottom.
Tipping bucket rain gauges utilize a small "bucket" that tips and triggers a signal every time one one hundredth of an inch of rain is collected. Optical rain gauges utilize photo diodes, laser, or infrared to detect drops and measure rainfall rate and intensity. Acoustic rain gauges have sensors that detect the acoustic signature for each drop size on the sensor surface. From this data the drop size distribution can be determined, and from the the rainfall rate and accumulation.
Tipping bucket rain gauge
As we all know, weather also has an effect on precipitation measurement. Strong winds affect collection efficiency, typically resulting in an under-catch of rain, and even more so for snow. Speaking of winter, rain gauges that rely on collecting liquid water must be heated if mechanical or electronic, or the frozen precipitation must be melted before it can be measured, for example, as with the CoCoRaHS gauge and the NWS 8-inch standard rain gauge. Siting and exposure all can affect the measurement with any of the rain gauges mentioned, not just how close the rain gauge is to nearby objects that might affect the rain gauge catch, such as trees and buildings, but also the height of the opening above the ground. A rain gauge installed closer to the ground is slightly less susceptible to affects from strong winds compared to one at a greater height above ground.
So, what should be a simple, straightforward measurement (how much water is in the straight-sided cylinder) is affected by many factors. Even manual measurement is subject to observer error. The more complicated rain gauges, largely developed to make measurements where or when manual measurements are not practical, introduce the potential for a variety of other errors even though minimizing the human factor.
 1. I was surprised in my analysis of the Productive Alternatives gauge vs the new Outback Blue gauge that it was important to keep track of water temperature to compute its density accurately.
 2. The effect of the water temperature may be important to the density measurement to three or four decimal places, but for measurement of precipitation to the nearest one one hundredth of an inch the change in the density of water over the range of temperatures we measure at is negligible.
 3. I'm in an area with long snow season; I get lots of practice measuring the weight of water in both its frozen and melted (liquid) state. I'm a bear for precision. Ultimately - I don't see why that the density of the liquid state water should matter if one also records weight - precisely, of course.


Book 2: Battle
Chapter Five: Buildings
Previous PageTable of ContentsNext Page
Previous Page (Chapter Four: Machineries of Destruction) - Table of Contents - Next Page (Chapter Six: Siege Weapons)
Chapter Sections:
Creating Buildings
When one of the StarShip Civilizations sends down troops to secure a planet, the first order of business is to build a base of operations. In small operations, the SpaceMen might use their captain's BattleJeep as a command center. In more prolonged operations, the bases are huge sprawling fortresses, several levels high with further levels underground. Within the base walls are facilities for vehicle maintenance, weapon repairs, and dorms for the SpaceMen. The walls themselves are usually dotted with heavy weapon emplacements and built from fortified StrongCrete, capable of standing up to an incredible amount of punishment from those who would do it ill.
If you don't want to go to all the trouble of constructing a building, you can throw up some walls and fortifications. These can hamper enemy monement and give cover to troops and weapon mounts. For every five inches of length and three Brix of height, the base cost is one point.
Computing the base cost of a building is not quite as easy. To do this, measure the distance in inches between the two furthest corners of the building (round up). Multiply the number of inches by 10 and you have the base cost of the building. For a building with multiple stories, compute the base cost of each story separately. Note that catwalks, battlements, and roofs don't count as additional stories.
Sample BasesHere are a couple examples of foundations for buildings you might construct. If you have a ruler or even a string handy, it shouldn't take very long at all to figure out which two corners are furthest apart. In the first example, you would use the distance from A to F. You could choose to split the building into two parts and pay for the C to B part and the E to D part seperately, but if they're connected it will always end up cheaper just to pay once for the whole thing. You don't have to use the corners of the "bounding rectangle" of the base - in the second example, you would use 2 to 3 as the furthest two corners, not 1 to 4. In general, the larger and more nearly circular your building is, the more area you'll get per point spent.
Buildings, walls, fortifications, and in fact any building component (like doors, radar dishes, weapon emplacements) have five possible AV Ratings, summarized on this chart:
Building Armor Value Ratings
Equivalent to:
Wooden shacks, huts
x 1
Plastic, unmotared stone,
log walls, sandbags
x 2
Concrete and stone
x 4
x 8
x 12
Once you have chosen which AV Rating you want, multiply the base cost of the object by the multiplier in the PointX column.
Next you will want to furnish your base. Interior walls, stairs, ladders, and regular doors are all free, put them wherever you like. All parts of a base besides the defensive exterior wall have an AV Rating two levels below the base itself (minimum AV 1d10). This includes exterior doors, so you either want to avoid making very many of them or you'll want to beef them up a little. If you want to strengthen an object, multiply its cost by the multiplier in the PointX column in the chart above, just like walls. For this purpose, consider doors to have a cost of two points, and interior walls and stairs to have a cost of two points per five inches. A lot of the time, you will want to leave out walls and roofs so that there's room for you to get your hands inside and move minifigs around. Make sure your opponent is aware of where these 'virtual' walls and roofs are so there's no confusion later.
A ComputerBank should be located somewhere in the base. This is free, but there should be one in the base somewhere. Backup ComputerBanx can be built for 5 points apiece. ComputerBank security is very loose, since SpaceMen aren't particularly bright and often get killed faster than they can learn new passwords. It takes a full Attack Phase for a SpaceMan to take control of a ComputerBank he has gained access to. If one side gains control of all of a base's ComputerBanx, the base belongs to them. If they miss even one, the previous owners still have full control.
It is important to maintain control of a base! Only the side with control can use base features like doors, mounted weapons, and Outstanding Architectural Features (OAFs). If all of a base's ComputerBanx have been destroyed, then all of the base's weapons fire at -3 Skill, all the doors open, and none of the OAFs function. The lights all go out, the TVs are stuck on the Weather Channel, and the showers only run cold water. If you want, you can build an independent ComputerConsole into any door, mounted weapon, or OAF for one point. That object can now be remotely controlled from any ComputerBank by the side that controls it. If enemies destroy or gain control of the base ComputerBank, the object still functions for its original owners. However, if enemies gain access to the ComputerConsole, they can take control of it even if they don't control the ComputerBanx.
Vehicles may be housed in the bases. Hopefully, the doors will be big enough that they can get in and out; otherwise they may only drive around inside. Flyers
will require landing pads or runways; these do not cost any points, they only require that some SpaceSlaves clear some land near the base.
Heavy weapon emplacements can be built in the wilderness for 12 points. Weapons may be mounted on buildings or weapon emplacements the same way they are mounted on vehicles, except that each weapon must be manned by a SpaceMan. Refer to the Mounting Siege Weapons section of Chapter Six: Siege Weapons for more information.
Return to the top of the page.
Destroying Buildings
We spent a lot of time going over a lot of possible ways to handle building destruction, but all the rule sets were too complicated, too deadly, or too stupid. So, when a building is penetrated by an attack, it's entirely up to you to decide how big a hunk of the building to break off. Depending on the type and strength of the attack, you might either chop a little crack in the wall, knock down a big section wall, collapse a portion of a building, or flatten a building completely. You and your opponent are going to have to decide the matter between yourselves. We're sorry, but that's all the advice we can give you on that subject.
Remember that if a section of a building is destroyed, the troops and objects in that section are probably going to take some damage. If the building section was destroyed by an missile or energy weapon, for instance, there's going to be an explosion that does the building's AV in Explosion Damage. If a SpaceMan is standing on top of a tower that collapses, he'll take damage from the fall and from whatever rubble lands on him.
Return to the top of the page.
Previous PageTable of ContentsNext Page


text:
P1-P6 Parent Workshop: Master English Language Acquisition and Ace Exams with Cognitive Tools 20 January 2018
Breaking down the complexities on English and understanding fundamental grammar rules
What Brain Research says about Metacognition
Demystify the learning process with key principles from neuroscience and understand how the brain uses different learning modes and how it "chunks" information.
Brain-based techniques - Tips that work to help students remember core concepts beyond a test
Defining the teachers vs parents role - Why students listen to teachers? (Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development)
Proven methodology and key success stories - How to apply these cognitive tools at home and across any subject (Math, Chinese, Science)
Ex-MOE Subject Head of English will share her tips on developing mastery of speaking and writing skills
Educational psychologist and mathematician will share her strategies on how to build valuable metacognitive skills which can help students in all subjects
NIE teacher with Masters in Psychology in multi-sensory perception, language learning and linguistics will share the latest research and how that translates into useful tips for parents to boost their child's learning
Subject Head of English: Miss Brenda Ho Miss Brenda was an ex-MOE Subject Head of English, armed with a Trinity Guildhall Speech and Drama Distinction award. She was a nominee for Inspiring Teacher of English Awards and helped spearhead the center of excellence for English programme in her school.
Miss Brenda will present on how we are able to help your child methodically and answer your questions through her years of experience. Key highlights include:
Developing the foundation for English
Systematic, interactive and engaging approach to learn English
Tips to acquire excellent writing skills through our unique role play and "drama-approach"
Head of Mathematics: Miss Chloe Lian Miss Chloe holds a distinction award in Education Psychology and is most well-liked by parents and students for her ability to improve student's performance by guiding students to take ownership their learning outcomes. Over the last 10 years, she has also successfully created curriculum materials for Maths across primary and secondary levels, including the Maths Olympiad Program and nurtured numerous students to secure the best grades in Math.
Miss Chloe will share her strategies to help students build metacognitive skills, a crucial skill set, which is the cornerstone of success.
Curriculum Specialist: Miss Woon Fei Ting Miss Woon has a Masters of Psychology and is currently also teaching NIE undergrads in English. She will share tips on how you can engage your children more effectively during your daily interaction to help your children boost their language acquisitions skills. With training in Psychology of multi-sensory perception and language learning as well as a background in Linguistics, Ms Woon is keen to help develop young minds.
Miss Woon will share insights from the latest research and how that translates into useful tips for parents to boost their child's learning.
Founder: Miss Chua Wai Ling Miss Chua is the founder of The Learners' Club and has spent 8 years in the Education industry with an International School and with one of the leading enrichment centres in Singapore. Through her years of experience in the industry and with her two children, she has developed her own proven methodology to facilitate learning and enrichment in English, Math, Science and Chinese.
Some of the key points to be shared:
Tips for parents on what to do at home to help children learn
How The Learners' Club proven methodology facilitates learning in English, Math and Science as well
★★★★★ It is heartening to see Trixie growing to be more resilient and exhibiting a keen interest in all subjects. She is less resistant to Chinese and Math (which used to be her two most dreaded subjects).
Su-Ann, mother of Trixie (P5 student at Pei Hwa Presbyterian Primary School)
The Learner's Club Unique Methodology
At The Learners' Club, we empower children to first become self-motivated individuals, then to propel their learning with tested techniques.
Building Meta-Cognitive Skills
We help children to build self-awareness in their learning process, be self-motivated to take control of their learning journey, internalise learning with our consistent feedback and reinforcement approach.
Proven Methodology for Language Acquisition
Instead of exposing your child to random topics, we use a systematic curriculum with our unique "Club Focus" approach to pique your kids' interest about the world around them. It takes learning beyond the classroom.
With each topic and article carefully curated, we craft oral topics, comprehension passages and composition writing revolving around a highly engaging themes like "Fascinating Sea (e.g. Smart Mammals, Killer Orcas) and "Food Around the World (e.g. Savoury Sushi and Sashimi, Bugs for Breakfast)" to develop depth in general knowledge and move beyond exam drills
Key Learning Outcomes
Build fundamental skills with the discipline of grammar rules
Demystify the mantra of "reading between the lines" to score in Comprehension
Guide your child to think like a writer and craft engaging pieces of compositions
Train your child to be a confident and knowledgeable speaker, capable of articulating current affairs and global developments
Parent Workshop Details:
Venue: 896 Dunearn Road, Sime Darby Center, #03-01, S (589472) Date: Saturday, 20th January 2018 Time: 3pm to 5pm Contact Number: +65 8161 7128 Email: _EMAIL_
This workshop can only accommodate 20 families. FEE: $25 (waived for all signups who sign up before 15 January 2018)

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
A few examples of Data Management based on Quality of Service and Data Lifecycle Management:
- The User can specify the number of replicas and the QoS associated for each of them, i.e. one on fast storage (disks on SSDs) and two on tape in three different locations. The system should be able to automatically maintain in time that policy verified.
- The User can specify that certain datasets always have a mirror, checking the replicas status in real time or quasi-real time.
- The user can specify that a number of replicas are created and they have to be accessed with different protocols, i.e. http, xrootd, srm)
- The user can specify movements between QoS and/or changes in access controls based on data age (i.e quarantine periods, move to Tape old data)
For example, move unused data from fast storage systems (disks) to "glacier-like" locations (sites providing tape). As a complementary functionality, a smart engine should infer when data are becoming "hot" again and move them back to the fast storage. Note: this functionality should be available at the infrastructure level, based on an inter-sites data movement, not only as an intra-site data placement.
When ingested by the infrastructure the user can specify tasks and workflow to be executed on data before being stored.
The system should be able to identify computing resources to perform the requested actions. The feature should be available at the infrastructure level, in a form that is pluggable with virtually any user-based application/algorithm. The user community should take care of the application that will be executed.
- experiment-independent quality checks before storing data
- data skimming
- metadata extraction


text:
(ES)
- An architectural pattern which warrants that your entities (as per Evan's definition) do not track their internal state by means of direct serialization or O/R mapping, but by means of reading and committing events to an event store. Where ES is combined with CQRS and DDD, aggregate roots are responsible for thoroughly validating and applying commands (often by means having their instance methods invoked from a Command Handler), and then publishing a single or a set of events which is also the foundation upon which the aggregate roots base their logic for dealing with method invocations. Hence, the input is a command and the output is one or many events which are transactionally (single commit) saved to an event store, and then often published on a message broker for the benefit of those interested (often the views are interested; they are then queried using Query-messages). When modeling your aggregate roots to output events, you can isolate the internal state event further than would be possible when projecting read-data from your entities, as is done in standard n-tier data-passing architectures. One significant benefit from this is that tooling such as axiomatic theorem provers (e.g. Microsoft Contracts or CHESS) are easier to apply, as the aggregate root comprehensively hides its internal state. Events are often persisted based on the version of the aggregate root instance, which yields a domain model that synchronizes in distributed systems around the concept of optimistic concurrency.
Software tools to support domain-driven design
Practicing DDD does not depend upon the use of any particular software tool or framework. Nonetheless, there is a growing number of open-source tools and frameworks that provide support to the specific patterns advocated in Evans' book or the general approach of DDD. Among these are:
- Actifsource is a plug-in for Eclipse which enables software development combining DDD with model-driven engineering and code generation.
- Apache Isis is a Java framework for developing domain-driven and RESTful applications using the Naked Objects pattern.
- DSL Platform is model-driven engineering tool with DSL based on DDD. Object-relational database support allows for 1:1 mapping between domain, code and database.
- ECO (Domain Driven Design): Framework with database, class, code and state machine generation from UML diagrams by CapableObjects.
- ManyDesigns Portofino is an open source, model-driven web-application framework for high productivity and maintainability. It provides CRUD forms, relationships, workflow management, dashboards, breadcrumbs, searches, single sign-on, permissions, and reporting.
- OpenMDX: Open source, Java based, MDA Framework supporting Java SE, Java EE, and.NET. OpenMDX differs from typical MDA frameworks in that "use models to directly drive the runtime behavior of operational systems".
- OpenXava: Generates an AJAX application from JPA entities. You only need to write the domain classes to obtain a ready to use application.
- Restful Objects is a standard for a Restful API onto a domain object model (where the domain objects may represent entities, view models, or services). Two open source frameworks (one for Java, one for.NET) can create a Restful Objects API from a domain model automatically, using reflection.
Examples of DDD
- DDD Sample Application: Java DDD sample application based on cargo example from Domain-Driven Design book.
- NDDD Sample Application: C# port of the Java DDD sample application based on cargo example from Domain-Driven Design book.
- Bullsfirst Trading System: Sample application demonstrating DDD applied to a real world scenario, using current and emerging technologies.
- Evans, Eric, Domain Driven Design – Putting the Model to Work (presentation), InfoQ.
- ———, Domain Driven Design – Strategic Design (presentation), InfoQ.
- Nilsson, James 'Jimmy', Domain Driven Design, InfoQ.
- Domain-Driven Design (forum), Yahoo!.
- An Introduction to Domain Driven Design, Methods & tools.
- Qi4j, a framework for domain centric application development, including evolved concepts from AOP, DI and DDD.
- Plugger, a framework for domain driven design java applications.
- Jdon, Java, a light-weight framework for developing Domain-Driven Design applications in the spirit of Evans.
- Roma framework, a Domain Driven Design approach framework.
- Young, Gregory 'Greg' (2010‐2‐16), CQRS, Task Based UIs, Event Sourcing agh! (World Wide Web log), Code better.
- Jenkins, Jon (11 2010), Domain‐driven design that works (World Wide Web log), Clever Labs: Domain Driven Design's importance in the business.
- Dahan, Udi (2009‐12‐9), Clarified CQRS: how it relates to other patterns]
- Young, Gregory 'Greg', CQRS not just for server systems (podcast), Skills matter. SkillsCast (footage, code, slides) explaining CQRS is of great use for building things other than server side systems.
- Dahan, Udi, Asynchronous systems architecture for the Web (podcast), Skills matter. SkillsCast.
- Evans, Eric, Keynote: DDD emerging themes (podcast), Skills matter. Defining DDD, recorded at the DDD eXchange, 2011.
- Haywood, Dan, Domain Driven Design using Naked Objects (interview), InfoQ.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Abstract Tattoos Real Body Art
Abstract tattoos often blur the line and transform tattooing from simple permanent markings on the body to a full-fledged art form. Tattooing as an art form started to emerge in the late 20th century and became popularized throughout the early 21st century. The advancement of technology led to tattoo equipment that is much easier to use, more convenient, quicker and much less painful. The development of new methods of making pigment has allowed tattoo artists to be more creative in their work. These talented individuals are able to create rich, colorful and elaborate tattoo designs that have turned abstract tattoos into true body art.
Modern art movements greatly influence the designs of tattoos. Many tattoo artists have backgrounds in the fine arts and are technically trained bringing with them a wealth of artistic knowledge and expertise to the tattoo industry. Abstract art especially has had a strong influence on tattooing as is evidenced by the rich and extravagant tattoo designs created by artists. Some wearers view themselves as human canvases and seek out talented tattoo artists who are willing to transform their skin into a living work of art. It often covers the person's entire body into a beautiful, abstract masterpiece of body art.
Sometimes abstract tattoos are also referred to as tribal tattoos. This should however not be confused with traditional tribal art and tribal markings that were worn by tribes and clans to identify themselves and distinguish themselves from each other. These markings and tattoos often served a specific purpose. The chieftains of many tribes wore elaborate tattoos on exposed parts of their skin which told stories about their lives. These were often about their strength and prowess or leadership and conquest of other tribes. For tribes who valued warriors and battle, abstract tattoos also served as a form of intimidation to their enemies.
Another abstract design that is a very popular tattoo is that of the triquetra. It is depicted as a symbol with three pointed intersecting ovals that together form a triangle. The symbol is also associated with Christianity and is found as an icon used throughout the Book of Kells. In Christianity it represents the Holy Trinity but its existence predates this religious concept. The symbol has been found on early Germanic coins and runestones in Northern Europe. In modern context the triquetra is often used to display identification with Celtic culture.


The Floating Eye - Exhibition Guide 4A
This is the exhibition guide to The Floating Eye, the Sydney Pavilion for the Inter-City Pavilions Project at the 9th Shanghai Biennale.
Curated by Aaron Seeto, The Floating Eye presented new and existing works from six contemporary Australian artists, Brook Andrew, Shaun Gladwell, Raquel Ormella, Khaled Sabsabi, Shen Shaomin and Bababa International.
Sydney's geography between Asia and the West results in the constant overlaying of different historical and cultural contexts. In presenting the personal accounts generated by individual artists, to mark out the engagements and the discontinuities they experience as they try to negotiate ideas of locality and culture in globalised context, all of the artists in The Floating Eye articulates a specific history of Australia; a feeling of being connected and disconnected simultaneously.
The exhibition encourages an observation of a city's shifting references and influences, how the overlay of time and history and our emotions and sensations of a place, give meaning and form to our shared spaces. As such the contemporary artists in The Floating Eye hold strong connections with Sydney and offer varied perspectives of the city's transforming reality observed though its demographics, environment, history, politics, geography and society.
Together the artists in The Floating Eye presents a framework to illustrate how Sydney, and Australia, considers itself within the region and highlights the layering of histories and diverse social and cultural experiences, which speak to the experience of individuals living in global cities such as Sydney.
The Floating Eye Exhibition Guide
Editor: Aaron Seeto
ISBN: 9780980803525
40 pages
The Floating Eye - Exhibition Guide


Volcano's'scream' gives clues to pressurization
By Kristen Butler, UPI.com | July 15, 2013 at 9:19 AM | Comments
July 15 (UPI) -- Many small earthquakes often precede a volcanic eruption, and they can sometimes happen in such rapid succession that they create a harmonic tremor similar to the kind created by musical instruments, though at frequencies lower than humans can hear.
New research on an eruption sequence at Alaska's Redoubt Volcano in March 2009 showed that a harmonic tremor rose to higher and higher frequency until it paused just before six of the eruptions, with five of those coming in rapid succession.
Scientists at the USGS Alaska Volcano Observatory have dubbed the highest-frequency harmonic tremor at Redoubt Volcano "the screams" because they reach such high pitch, at 30 hertz, compared with a 1-to-5 hertz starting point. In humans, the audible frequency range starts at about 20 hertz.
Some volcanoes make sound when magma forces its way up through rock, but Hotovec-Ellis believes the harmonic tremors are the result of magma being forced through narrow passages in the rock.
Magma sticks to the rock surface in a narrow passage until the pressure is high enough to force it along a bit, before it sticks again, pressure mounts, and it moves again.
Each of these sudden movements results in a small earthquake, ranging in magnitude from about 0.5 to 1.5, Hotovec-Ellis said.
"Because there's less time between each earthquake, there's not enough time to build up enough pressure for a bigger one," she said. "After the frequency glides up to a ridiculously high frequency, it pauses and then it explodes."
Hotovec-Ellis, lead author of the study published in the Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, is also co-author of a second paper in Nature Geoscience that uses a "frictional faulting" model to explain the tremors.
The model addresses the brief pause in the harmonic tremor just before the volcanic explosion. "We think the pause is when even the earthquakes can't keep up anymore and the two sides of the fault slide smoothly against each other," Hotovec-Ellis said.
Most Popular
Trending News


What are the top insulation materials
Because the top floor has a wide view, it is favored by many people. Although the top floor inevitably has problems such as high temperature in summer and hidden leaks in the ceiling, as long as the key points can be compensated during the decoration process, the lack of top floor environment can be compensated for. Comfort and cost performance will be greatly improved. Then, let's introduce you what are the top insulation materials and how the top insulation.
What are the top insulation materials
1. Expanded polystyrene board
Thermal conductivity of 0.038-0.041, good thermal insulation performance, affordable, but slightly weaker.
2. Extruded polystyrene board
Thermal conductivity of 0.028-0.03, good thermal insulation performance, high strength, moisture resistance, but expensive, and the surface needs to be treated during construction.
3. Rock wool board
Thermal conductivity 0.041-0.045, fireproof, flame retardant, great hygroscopicity, poor thermal insulation effect.
4. Rubber powder polystyrene particle thermal insulation slurry
Thermal conductivity of 0.057-0.06, good flame retardancy, waste recycling, unsatisfactory thermal insulation effect, and high requirements for construction.
5. Polyurethane foam material
Thermal conductivity of 0.025-0.028, good water resistance, good thermal insulation performance, high strength, but the price is more expensive.
6. Perlite and other slurry
Thermal conductivity of 0.07-0.09, good fire resistance, poor high temperature resistance, but high water absorption.
How to insulate the top layer
1. Wear an insulated â€œouter coatâ€ for your house
1. For the window frame, plastic steel, aluminum alloy or wood can be used. The decoration and sound insulation effect of wood is better, but it is difficult to maintain; while the thermal conductivity of aluminum alloy is good, but the sound insulation is weak, and the sealing will be reduced after a long time.
2. Glass can be divided into: hollow, coated and heat-insulated. The characteristic of the hollow is that the external heat is difficult to enter, and the internal heat is also difficult to get out; the coated glass can reflect the solar heat, but can not block the external heat intrusion; the glass insulation film can not only reflect the solar heat, but also absorb the heat and release it to the outside, so that the room temperature is kept relatively Constant.
Second, pay attention to indoor shading and sun protection
1. Suspended ceiling
The top-floor residential ceiling can be insulated with solid materials. The thermal resistance and heat storage of the top-layer materials are used for heat insulation to improve the thermal inertia of the structure and reduce the average temperature and temperature fluctuation range of the roof surface in summer. You can also choose materials with relatively small thermal conductivity and thermal conductivity coefficients, and pay attention to the arrangement of the material layers. It is best to use a suspended ceiling with a combination of multiple layers of materials to give play to the characteristics of each layer of material.
2. Ground
It is better to lay floor tiles instead of floors to increase the coolness.
3. Sunshade, blackout curtains
If the top layer has very strong lighting, you can choose dark and heavy curtains with strong shading effects for shading and sun protection, or choose curtains with anti-slip coating.
Editor's summary: What are the top insulation materials and how the top insulation and heat insulation are introduced here, I hope to help everyone. For more related knowledge, you can follow the information on this website.
Top insulation
R507 is an HFC blend designed to be a replacement for R502 in low and medium temperature refrigeration applications. It is similar in characteristics to R404A however, being an azeotropic blend, R507A does not suffer from glide or fractionation making it suitable for additional applications such as centrifugal compressors.
R507 Refrigerant Gas
R507 Refrigerant Gas,R507 Replacement Gas,Blend Refrigerant Gas,R507 Retrofit Gas


text:
What is Mac OS X?© Amit Singh. All Rights Reserved. Written in December 2003
XNU: The Kernel
The Mac OS X kernel is called
XNU. It can be viewed as consisting of the following components:
XNU contains code based on Mach, the legendary architecture that originated as a research project at Carnegie Mellon University in the mid 1980s (Mach itself traces its philosophy to the Accent operating system, also developed at CMU), and has been part of many important systems. Early versions of Mach had monolithic kernels, with much of BSD's code in the kernel. Mach 3.0 was the first microkernel implementation.
XNU's Mach component is based on Mach 3.0, although it's not used as a microkernel. The BSD subsystem is part of the kernel and so are various other subsystems that are typically implemented as user-space servers in microkernel systems. XNU's Mach is responsible for various low-level aspects of the system, such as:
- preemptive multitasking, including kernel threads (POSIX threads on Mac OS X are implemented using kernel threads)
- protected memory
- virtual memory management
- inter-process communication
- interrupt management
- real-time support
- kernel debugging support (the built-in low-level kernel debugger,
ddb, is part of XNU's Mach component, and so is
kdp, a remote kernel debugging protocol implementation)
- console I/O
The sequence of events prior to the kernel is passed control is described in Booting Mac OS X. The secondary bootloader eventually calls the kernel's "startup" code, forwarding various boot arguments to it. This low-level code is where every processor in the system starts (from the kernel's point of view). Various important variables, like maximum virtual and physical addresses, the threshold temperature for throttling down a CPU's speed, are initialized here, BAT registers are cleared, Altivec (if present) is initialized, caches are initialized, etc. Eventually this code jumps to boot initialization code for the architecture (
ppc_init() on the PowerPC). Thereafter:
- A template thread is filled in, and an initial thread is created from this template. It is set to be the "current" thread.
- Some CPU housekeeping is done.
- The "Platform Expert" (see below) is initialized (
PE_init_platform()), with a flag indicating that the VM is not yet initialized. This saves the boot arguments, the device tree and display information in a state variable. Another call to
PE_init_platform()is made after the VM is initialized.
- Mach VM is initialized.
- The function
machine_startup()is called. It takes some actions based on the boot arguments, performs some housekeeping, starts thermal monitoring for the CPU, and calls
setup_main()performs a lot of work: initializing the scheduler, IPC, kernel extension loading, clock, timers, tasks, threads, etc. and finally creates a kernel thread called
startup_threadthat creates further kernel threads.
startup_threadcreates a number of other threads (the idle threads, service threads for clock and device,...). It also initializes the thread reaper, the stack swapin and the periodic scheduler mechanism. It is here that the BSD subsystem is initialized (via
startup_threadbecomes the pageout daemon once it finishes its work.
At this point, Mach is up and running.
XNU's BSD component uses FreeBSD as the primary reference codebase (although some code might be traced to other BSDs). Darwin 7.x (Mac OS X 10.3.x) uses FreeBSD 5.x. As mentioned before, BSD runs not as an external (or user-level) server, but is part of the kernel itself. Some aspects that BSD is responsible for include:
- process model
- user ids, permissions, basic security policies
- POSIX API, BSD style system calls
- TCP/IP stack, BSD sockets, firewall
- VFS and filesystems (see Mac OS X Filesystems for details)
- System V IPC
- crypto framework
- various synchronization mechanisms
Note that XNU has a unified buffer cache but it ties in to Mach's VM.
XNU uses a synchronization abstraction (built on top of Mach mutexes) called funnels to serialize access to the BSD portion of the kernel. The kernel variables pointing to these funnels have the
_flock suffix, such as
network_flock. When Mach initializes the BSD subsystem via a call to
bsd_init(), the first operation performed is the allocation of funnels (the kernel funnel's state is set to
- The kernel memory allocator is initialized.
- The "Platform Expert" (see below) is called upon to see if there are any boot arguments for BSD.
- VFS buffers/hash tables are allocated and initialized.
- Process related structures are allocated/initialized. This includes the list of all processes, the list of zombie processes, hash tables for process ids and process groups.
- Process 0 is created and initialized (credentials, file descriptor table, audit information, limits, etc.). The variable
kernprocpoints to process 0.
- The machine dependent real-time clock's time and date are initialized.
- The Unified Buffer Cache is initialized (via
ubc_init(), which essentially initializes a Mach VM Zone via
zinit(), which allocates a region of memory from the page-level allocator).
- Various VFS structures/mechanisms are initialized: the vnode table, the filesystem event mechanism, the vnode name cache, etc. Each present filesystem time is also initialized.
mbufs(memory buffers, used heavily in network memory-management) are initialized via
- Facilities/subsystems such as
aio, and System V IPC are initialized.
- The kernel's generic MIB (management information base) is initialized.
- The data link interface layer is initialized.
- Sockets and protocol families are initialized.
- Kernel profiling is started, and BSD is "published" as a resource in the IOKit.
- Ethernet devices are initialized.
- A Mach Zone is initialized for the vnode pager.
- BSD tries to mount the root filesystem (which could be coming over the network, for example, a Mac OS X disk image (
.dmg) exported over NFS).
devfsis mounted on
- A new process is created (cloned) from
kernproc(process 0). This newly created process has
pid1, and is set to become
mach_init, which starts
mach_initis loaded and run via
bsdinit_task(), which is called by the BSD asynchronous trap handler (
The rest of the user space startup is described in Mac OS X System Startup.
I/O Kit, the object-oriented device driver framework of the XNU kernel is radically different from that on traditional systems.
I/O Kit uses a restricted subset of C++ (based on Embedded C++) as its programming language. This system is implemented by the
libkern library. Features of C++ that are not allowed in this subset include:
- multiple inheritance
- RTTI (run-time type information), although I/O Kit has its own run-time typing system
The device driver model provided by the I/O Kit has several useful features (in no particular order):
- numerous device families (ATA/ATAPI, FireWire, Graphics, HID, Network, PCI, USB, HID,...)
- object oriented abstractions of devices that can be shared
- plug-and-play and hot-plugging
- power management
- preemptive multitasking, threading, symmetric multiprocessing, memory protection and data management
- dynamic matching and loading of drivers (multiple bus types)
- a database for tracking and maintaining detailed information on instantiated objects (the I/O Registry)
- a database of all I/O Kit classes available on a system (the I/O Catalog)
- an extensive API
- mechanisms/interfaces for applications and user-space drivers to communicate with the I/O Kit
- driver stacking
I/O Kit's implementation consists of three C++ libraries that are present in the kernel and available to loadable drivers:
Kernel/IOKit. The I/O Kit includes a modular, layered run-time architecture that presents an abstraction of the underlying hardware by capturing the dynamic relationships between the various hardware/software components (involved in an I/O connection).
Various tools such as
kextcache, etc. let you explore and control various aspects of I/O Kit. For example, the following command shows status of dynamically loaded kernel extensions:
Index Refs Address Size Wired Name (Version)
1 1 0x0 0x0 0x0 com.apple.kernel (7.2)
2 1 0x0 0x0 0x0 com.apple.kpi.bsd (7.2)
3 1 0x0 0x0 0x0 com.apple.kpi.iokit (7.2)
4 1 0x0 0x0 0x0 com.apple.kpi.libkern (7.2)
The following command lists the details of the I/O Kit registry in excruciating detail:
% ioreg -l -w 0
+-o Root
| "IOKitBuildVersion" = "IOKit Component Version 7.2:
Thu Dec 11 16:15:20 PST 2003;
| "IONDRVFramebufferGeneration" = <0000000200000002>
/* thousands of lines of output */
The Platform Expert is an object (one can think of it as a driver) that knows the type of platform that the system is running on. I/O Kit registers a nub (see below) for the Platform Expert. This nub then loads the correct platform specific driver, which further discovers the buses present on the system, registering a


text:
Yellow Dust in ChinaInteractive Modeling
Professor Karen R. Polenske
This project, which began in 2002, is funded by the Alliance for Global Sustainability (AGS). The MIT team of faculty and students is working with others from China, Korea, and Japan, the three countries in which the yellow dust from the arid lands in China is now an annual phenomenon. It severely affects transport (closing airports and highways), industry, and also is a great threat to human health, creating both respiratory and eye problems. The team is investigating the sequence of events that lead to the atmospheric transport of the dust and the economic and health effects this has on society. They hope to determine the types of critical interventions needed to reduce the problem and the localities where these interventions will be most effective.


text:
The milder the climate, the earlier the blossoms open.
On Japan's southern, subtropical islands of Okinawa, cherry blossoms open as early as January, while on the northern island of Hokkaido, they bloom as late as May. In most major cities in between, including Tokyo, Kyoto and Osaka, the cherry blossom season typically takes place in early April.
Furthermore, the blooming time of cherry trees differs from year to year depending on the weather. If the weather during the months and weeks preceding the cherry blossom season is mild, blossoms will open early. If it is cold, blossoms will open later. From year to year, the start of the blooming season can vary by as much as two weeks.
The cherry blossom season is relatively short. Full bloom (mankai) is usually reached within about one week after the opening of the first blossoms (kaika). Another week later, the blooming peak is over and the blossoms are falling from the trees. Strong wind and rain can cut the blooming season even shorter.
More information about the Cherry blossom in Japan is available here.
All about the Cherry Blossom Festival in Washington DC.


text:
One aspect of tundra plants that is highly sensitive to slight changes in temperature is phenology, the timing of key life-history events such as bud burst, leaf growth, flowering etc. In highly seasonal environments, such as the Arctic, timing key phenological events with the appropriate climate is essential for plant success. Plants whose phenology is regulated by unchanging internal factors or daylength will be unable to respond to changes in season length and will be replaced by species responding to other cues. The ITEX phenology, growth and community data analyzed to date show responses that in many ways mirror patterns seen along latitudinal temperature gradients. However, changes are too subtle and too variable to be detected by most individual-site studies, some after more than a decade of warming.
ITEX as an observing network provides a unique opportunity to evaluate plant phenology changes at a global scale across the tundra biome. In this working group we will evaluate changes in plant phenology across the tundra biome over the past 10-15 years in two ways: 1) comparing ambient-temperature plots versus plots subject to long-term experimental warming, and 2) comparing measurements of ambient-temperature plots taken during the mid 1990's International Polar Year. The aim of these analyses is to help us answer one of the driving questions of arctic biology in the face of climate warming, "What form will new arctic plant communities take and what are the processes driving these changes?"
More information about this research project and participants.


- The Solar Journey
Episode #004 - Christian Breyer
Episode #004 with Torsten Brammer & Christian Breyer:
Our guest in episode #004 of The Solar Journey is Christian Breyer. Christian is a professor of solar economy at the renowned finlandian LUT University. Prior to engaging in world-changing research, and publishing more than 250 scientific papers and 20 books and book chapters, Christian worked at Q-Cells in various roles in R&D and the market development department.
Christian is a co-founder of Energy Watch Group which regularly publishes cutting edge research about the energy future of our society. As part of his roles, he co-authors the "Global Energy System Based on 100% Renewable Energy" report. In this extensive report, it is clearly stated that a transition to 100% renewable energy is feasible with current technologies and most likely we, as a society, will even save money if we do it!
If you want to connect with Christian Breyer you can find him on LinkedIn.
Show Notes:
Interesting points covered in this episode for those of us on our own Solar Journey):
 - Hear an innovative approach to shift the corporate culture of established utility companies.
 - How did Christian make a move from a tax advisor to physicist and then professor of the solar economy?
 - What opportunities lead Christian to Finland, of all places, considering Finland doesn't have a lot of sun?
 - Hear some insights into the manmade nature of global warming.
 - Climate change is more dangerous than COVID-19: Why does humanity struggle with recognizing its threat?
 - What are the required resources to compute his hallmark 100% renewable energy model with 50M variables and 50M constraints in a stable way?
 - Hear a discussion of the three key scenarios on how to get to a 100% sustainable energy system.
 - Learn the number of installed solar Gigawatts required to run a 100% sustainable global economy.
 - How reliable is the IEA Global Energy Outlook?
 - What is the outline of a pathway to a sustainable aviation industry?
 - Who has to make the call to get all of us on the path towards a sustainable future and ensure our survival?
[00:00:03.430] - Torsten
OK. So welcome, everybody, to a new episode of The Solar Journey. Today we have Christian Breyer as our guest, welcome Christian.
[00:00:16.930] - Christian
It's a pleasure to discuss with you, Torsten.
[00:00:20.380] - Torsten
So let me just briefly introduce Christian. So he's currently a professor of solar economy in Finland. He's with the Lappeenranta-Lahdi University of Technology, in short, LUT. And he focuses on research and teaching solar economy. Energy scenarios and their market mechanisms. And before that, he was a managing director and scientific director of the ReinerLemoine Institut in Germany in Berlin. And this institute does research on how mankind can get to 100 percent renewables. And how we can manage the energy transition. He holds a Ph.D. on economics of hybrid photovoltaic power plants.
[00:01:10.850] - Torsten
He also worked in the solar industry, as in the R&D and Market Development Department of Q-Cells a former and still world market leader in solar cell manufacturing and solar plant engineering. This is actually where we met, Christian. When was that? Few years ago, 2000?
[00:01:30.410] - Christian
Well, roughly 10 years ago from now.
[00:01:34.790] - Torsten
And he's on top of that. A co-founder of the DESERTEC Foundation engaged in the photovoltaic power systems program of the International Energy Agency.
[00:01:46.790] - Torsten
And the chairman of, for renewable energy of the energy watch group. And he has published more than 250 scientific papers and about 20 books or book chapters, major reports and also coal editor and contributor. So, again, a warm welcome Christian. I personally, I would call you the Oracle for the future of renewables in Europe. I don't know about the world, but possibly also that.
[00:02:22.950] - Torsten
I don't know anyone who's got that. Focus on the subject, of the solar economy. Who in the world would you regard as working on your eye level? And who would you admire for that kind of research you also do? Who do you look up to in your area?
[00:02:44.910] - Christian
To be honest, as a researcher, you always work or you overstand on the shoulders of the Giants before you. And as a researcher then you in the very end, you add a small piece of insight to what had been all available. But maybe answering your question in more detail, I would take a kind of a broader perspective cause nowadays, it's easy to be for a sustainable world. However, where did this really... the real triumph started?
[00:03:21.300] - Christian
It had been a complete, different world. Just think back to the 1960s when Rachel Carson wrote a book called The Silent Spring, where finally all the birds died due to chemicals all around, OK. Nowadays, we, accelerate the process with dying insects and due to that huge loss of birds. But that was a kind of initial step to get huge nongovernmental organizations like Greenpeace and others in the consequence founded.
[00:03:54.480] - Christian
So these are the real giants or then in the 70s. Was the Club of Rome the limits to growth? So where we really understood for the first time, we cannot go for an ever lasting exponential growth. And maybe that's then a follow up question. What does it mean for renewables? But now, coming closer to solar economy, the first to really catch down what solar economy means was Hermann Scheer, finally, a politician with background in social sciences.
[00:04:24.210] - Christian
He wrote a book. Now, more than 20 years ago, and in the English version, the title of the book is Solar Economy. And it was really catched down what it really means. But to be honest, the real triumph from the scientific point of view had been the person practically no one knows it. Bent Sörensen. He is from Denmark and he published in the mid 70s, the first one hundred percent renewable energy research article in a full analytical way, though.
[00:04:57.170] - Christian
And even in the 90s, 1990s. Such analysis for the entire growth. And it took more than fifteen years that a second researcher re-did the job.
[00:05:10.950] - Christian
So he was obviously half a generation or even more than that ahead of the rest of the planet. Another real giant, what we nowadays do is just to do it better. What already exists!
[00:05:24.510] - Torsten
Yeah. Interesting. Interesting. So Solar Economy, Hermann Scheer you think. Chiseled that name. He defined the time of the Department of Research or activity as the first person.
[00:05:42.130] - Christian
Yeah to be honest, it's not only research, in the social sciences or in psychology. We know that in the very end, you have only a few persons defining a new field and they have maybe a visionary power with new ideas. And if these ideas are really good, then others maybe will understand that and then follow them and then spread the idea to society. And without such visionary power, there are no followers. And obviously, Hermann Scheer had been one of the very first really thinking on that.
[00:06:21.720] - Christian
I would not say that everything is 100 percent perfect. What he ever said. I'm far from that. But the core of everything is great. But of course, this is just the visionary power to get started. At the end, of course, it has to be elaborated. It has to be discussed in the societal discourse that really a broad society with various stakeholders can check it from their individual perspective so that finally it's a kind of a societal commonsense to get it executed, a kind of a transition in society.
[00:06:53.250] - Torsten
And of course, we should not forget to mention such giants like Hans Joseph Fell, who finally together with Hermann Scheer in Germany 20 years ago, by the way, roughly 20 years ago, now and introduced the feed-in tariff law in Germany, which was a copy paste law for more than 100 countries, and spreading renewables around the planet on a very clever, innovative idea and innovative idea is we have a simple law in the beginning, a simple law.
[00:07:23.220] - Christian
Then it was destroyed later on by opponents. But anyway, a simple law that everyone can contribute to a revolution to get a sustainable energy system. And I think this is a great invention from a political field, from a societal point of view, and finally also from a legal point of view, because it enables everyone to be part of the energy revolution, not only the usual suspects like large utility companies or others.
[00:07:51.240] - Torsten
Excellent let me come. Thanks a lot


text:
you to keep track of who's accessing your data, what they're doing with it, and how often they're doing it. By tracking this information over time, you can identify unusual patterns or behaviors that could indicate a problem.
One example might be an unusually large number of queries coming from a single IP address within a short period – perhaps indicating an attempt at unauthorized access or other suspicious behavior. By regularly monitoring user activity as well as system logs, you can quickly identify these kinds of anomalies and take immediate action to prevent further damage.
Regular monitoring also helps ensure optimal performance by identifying bottlenecks and other areas where optimization could improve response times or throughput. This can be especially important in high-traffic environments where even small improvements can result in significant performance gains.
Conducting Periodic Audits
Periodic audits are another important part of managing user activity in a PostgreSQL database system. Audits help ensure compliance with regulations and internal policies, as well as identify areas where security or performance could be improved.
Audits typically involve reviewing logs, examining database configuration settings, and analyzing user activity data to identify potential problems or areas for improvement. In some cases, audits may also include penetration testing to identify vulnerabilities that could be exploited by attackers.
By conducting periodic audits, you can ensure that your database system remains secure and optimized over time. And by tracking the results of these audits over time, you can identify trends and take proactive steps to address emerging issues before they become major problems.
In this article, we have explored the significance of monitoring user activity in a database management system, particularly in PostgreSQL. We have discussed the different types of connection statuses and their meanings, with a focus on the pg_stat_activity view as a powerful tool for checking user connection status. Additionally, we have delved into more advanced techniques for monitoring user activity beyond just checking connection status.
By regularly monitoring user activity and taking appropriate actions based on that monitoring, we can ensure optimal performance and security of our PostgreSQL databases. Best practices such as limiting access privileges, setting up alerts for suspicious behavior, conducting periodic audits, and using third-party monitoring tools are crucial to maintaining the integrity of our data.
It is important to remember that while monitoring user activity is essential for protecting our databases against potential threats and ensuring reliable performance, it should not be done at the expense of limiting users' ability to do their jobs effectively. Striking a balance between security and usability is key when managing user activity in PostgreSQL.
By following best practices in managing user activity and taking advantage of tools like pg_stat_activity view and third-party monitoring solutions available to us in PostgreSQL, we can maintain high levels of performance and security while also empowering our users to do their work efficiently. With this knowledge at our disposal, we can rest easy knowing that our databases are being properly monitored and protected.


text:
One of the most famous African Grey parrots in history, Alex pioneered new avenues in avian intelligence. He possessed more than 100 vocal labels for different objects, actions, and colors, and could identify certain objects by their particular material. He could count object sets up to the total number six and was working on seven and eight. Alex exhibited math skills that were considered advanced in animal intelligence, developing his own 'zero-like' concept in addition to being able to infer the connection between written numerals, objects sets, and the vocalization of the number. Alex was learning to read the sounds of various letters and had a concept of phonemes, the sounds that make up words.
Alex's personality was very evident in his everyday life. He was 'in charge' of his home and relished ordering 'his' humans to perform various tasks for him. He also acted as a coach and cheerleader to his fellow birds, Wart and Griffin, alternately encouraging or admonishing them during their lessons.
Purchased from a pet store at the age of 12-13 months in June of 1977, Alex came from humble beginnings. His accomplishments proved that African Grey parrots have an intelligence far beyond what was thought before his decades-long work with Dr. Pepperberg. On September 6, 2007, at the age of 31, Alex passed away of a sudden heart arrhythmia.
He will always be missed.


Are first person shooters healthy for kids?
Asked by: Sofias4
 - Not necessarily healthy but not negative
 Many video games including first person shooters help kids strenghthen hand eye coordination skills. But the problem is kids aren't really supposed to play them in the first place, most fps games are rated mature and there's a reason for that so if you don't want your child exposed to violence then don't give them access to the game.
 - Yes, if Done Well
 While it is true that many major titles like Call of Duty or Battlefield are arcade-like and not representative of reality, other games like Arma or Red Orchestra 2 are more accurate. It's not like the glorification of war is exclusive to video games; it has been in every form of entertainment media to date. I can't even begin to count the number of movies that fit the bill. Some games like Spec Ops: The Line actually provide really insightful commentary on war. Others are outright shy down by critics from the community for being too accurate.
 - Not healthy for kids
 It makes the kids want to be like the people in the game. Have you ever heard the stories about those kids shooting people? The rate of kids killing people are rising and i think it is because of games like these. I would let my kid play these games until he was probably 15
 - No, they are not
 No they are not healthy to kids for a number of reasons (not to say that there are no positive aspects to these games), firstly they give kids a false sense of what real war is like and therefore desensitize them to that kind of thing, secondly its gives them false ideas about the physical limits of the human body (in no way am i saying this applies to all kids, but mostly younger ones), for example healing quickly after being shot, being able to be shot with multiple bullets and still survive and lastly i must say that this definitely does not apply to all kids, but it does to the majority of them, so no, i do not think that they are exactly healthy for kids.
 - No, not healthy.
 First person shooters aren't exactly "bad" for kids, they provide entertainment and there's no evidence to support that they negatively affect mentally stable children. However, they're not "healthy". A child who plays fps's isn't going to be any healthier, mentally, emotionally, or physically, than a child who doesn't. Playing shooters isn't hurting children, but it's not improving their health.
Leave a comment...
(Maximum 900 words)
No comments yet.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
The term "porcelain" appears occasionally in the Git documentation. What does it mean?
share|improve this question
7 Answers 7
up vote 151 down vote accepted
"Porcelain" is the material from which toilets are usually made (and sometimes other fixtures such as washbasins). This is distinct from "plumbing" (the actual pipes and drains), where the porcelain provides a more user-friendly interface to the plumbing.
Git uses this terminology in analogy, to separate the low-level commands that users don't usually need to use directly (the "plumbing") from the more user-friendly high level commands (the "porcelain").
share|improve this answer
I think the answer makes sense to me, but then again, I'm assuming Linus was the one that coined the term, so I tend to adjust my brain to be a little more direct and crass when parsing his world. :) – Nick Klauer Oct 21 '11 at 4:16
Makes you wonder if Linus was imagining the potential streams of excrement his plumbing would be used to transport. Plumbing for open source code is a dirty job but someone's got to do it. – Evan Plaice Feb 18 '14 at 22:02
And a few of us feel that the actual git porcelain is more like a layer of paint over the plumbing. – hemflit Sep 20 '14 at 0:11
More importantly, the term "porcelain" applies to high-level commands, with output:
 - meant to be readable by human
 - not meant to be parsed
 - susceptible to changes/evolutions
That is key: if you script, you should use if possible plumbing commands, with stable outputs. Not porcelain commands.
However, you can use in script the output of a porcelain command which has a --porcelain option (see below), like:
git status --porcelain
git push --porcelain
git blame --porcelain
See "How do I programmatically determine if there are uncommitted changes?" as an example to using plumbing commands instead of porcelain ones.
Note: A porcelain command can have a --porcelain option.
For instance: git status --porcelain, which designates an output meant to be parsed.
The thread mentioned above details:
This is my fault, to some degree.
The "short-status" form is meant for human eyeballs, and was designed by Junio.
Some people wanted a scriptable status output, too, so I slapped a "--porcelain" on the same format that turns off configurable features like relative pathnames and colorizing, and makes an implicit promise that we won't make further changes to the format.
The idea was to prevent people from scripting around --short, because it was never intended to be stable.
So yeah, while --porcelain by itself is stable and scriptable, it is perhaps not the most friendly to parsers. The "-z --porcelain" format is much more so, and I would recommend it to anyone scripting around "git status"
That reflects the need, for git users, to using porcelain commands in their scripts!
But only with stable output (with --porcelain)
As commented by william-berg, the same goes for git push!
Produce machine-readable output.
The full symbolic names of the refs will be given.
As John Glassmyer proposes in the comments:
Perhaps the meaning of --porcelain here is "produce output suitable for consumption by porcelain scripts".
And that could be supported by the very first case of "--porcelain option" introduction
(before git status --porcelain, commit 6f15787, September 2009, git 1.7.0,
before git push --porcelain, commit 1965ff7, June 2009, git 1.6.4):
git blame --porcelain:
Show in a format designed for machine consumption.
Commit b5c698d, October 2006, git 1.4.4
The new option makes the command's native output format to emit output that is easier to handle by Porcelain.
share|improve this answer
+1 Nice answer, in particular for pointing out the oddity with git status --porcelain! – Mark Longair Aug 8 '11 at 8:41
_USER_: yes, that one kind of boggles my mind... – VonC Aug 8 '11 at 9:16
_USER_: thank you for the edits :) – VonC Mar 20 '12 at 16:42
I notice git push has a similarly anomalous machine-readable --porcelain. – william.berg May 1 '13 at 11:15
Perhaps the meaning of --porcelain here is "produce output suitable for consumption by porcelain scripts". – John Glassmyer Dec 5 '13 at 20:48
The coinage and usage of the term "porcelain" in git was actually by Mike Taht, while otherwise losing a heated argument with Linus Torvalds.
In fact, one of my hopes was that other SCM's could just use the git plumbing.
But then I'd really suggest that you use "git" itself, not any "libgit". Ie you take all the plumbing as real programs, and instead of trying to link against individual routines, you'd script it.
If you don't want it, I won't do it.
Still makes sense to separate the plumbing from the porcelain, though.
share|improve this answer
Interesting. +1. My own answer above is from using the product, but your link references what seems to be the origin of that term. – VonC Dec 8 '13 at 9:38
Porcelain is cute name for programs and program suites depending on core git, presenting a high level access to core git. Porcelains expose more of a SCM interface than the "plumbing".
--Porcelain, Git Wiki
share|improve this answer
share|improve this answer
Porcelain commands are designed for human consumption, as opposed to commands whose output is easy for computers to parse. git status would be one example.
share|improve this answer
"Porcelain"... "for human consumption"... I can eat glass. (just kidding / noting mixed metaphor for anyone who may be easily confused) – ajm475du Apr 6 '14 at 15:20
Greg Hewgill's answer is exactly correct. Note that there are alternative porcelains available for Git, including Easy Git, yap, pyrite, and vng. Each is intended to make Git easier to learn/use for some part of the community. Links to all of these projects is on the Easy Git page: _URL_
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


text:
Johnson's initial collages were mainly abstract works made of cut, painted and distressed paper strips and irregular designs. He referred to these early collages as "moticos," a term he coined and used for several different elements in his work, including these collages and early poetic texts that he wrote at this time. Following his lifelong practice of cutting and recycling various materials, Johnson cut apart many of his early collages and used the fragments in later works. As Johnson once said, he created "Chop Art, not Pop Art."
By the mid-to late-1950s, Johnson's collages became increasingly referential, as he combined fragments from earlier works and ink drawings with images from popular culture. He included fragments of popular advertisements and images of Elvis Presley, James Dean, Marilyn Monroe, Shirley Temple, and others in a way that anticipated the 1960s works of Pop artists, such as Warhol. Due to his early use of popular imagery, Johnson is considered one of the earliest exponents of Pop Art. Johnson also included references to art world celebrities and personal acquaintances. In the late 1950s, Johnson began creating "tesserae"—small, highly worked blocks he created from layers of cardboard glued together, painted, and sanded—to add a three-dimensional element to his works.
Throughout his career, Johnson repeatedly returned to and re-worked his collages, adding additional elements and recording the dates of his progress directly on the collage. He developed several motifs and series in his collages, including silhouettes of artists and acquaintances, "Lucky Strike" symbols, Cupids, "Tit girls," Dollar bills, Potato Mashers, and "Fingernails." Johnson juxtaposed images, words, and ideas to create new meanings and endless associations.
In the late 1950s, Johnson began exploring the possibilities of Mail Art. He developed a network of friends, acquaintances and strangers to whom he sent highly conceptual images and texts. Like Marcel Duchamp, Johnson was one of the first artists to incorporate instructions for active participation in his artwork, as he encouraged the recipients to "add to" his work or to "please send to…" or to "return to Ray Johnson." In 1962, Johnson founded the "New York Correspondance (sic) School," a name invented by Ed Plunkett and used by Johnson for his international network of Mail Art participants he spawned by mailing an enormous amount of material, including fragments of cut-up collages, drawings with instructions, found objects, snake skins, and annotated newspaper clippings.
One of the first performance artists, Johnson began staging what he called "Nothings" in 1960. These performances paralleled Allan Kaprow's "Happenings" and later Fluxus events. Johnson described his "Nothings" to William S. Wilson as "an attitude as opposed to a happening," and he staged numerous performances throughout his life, including his "Throwaway Gesture Performances."
Severely shaken after being mugged and attacked in lower Manhattan on June 3, 1968, the same day that Andy Warhol was shot by Valerie Solanas (and two days before Robert Kennedy was assassinated), Johnson decided to move to Glen Cove, Long Island, and then to Locust Valley. Until his death in 1995, Johnson continued his work in collage, sent out volumes of mail art, and staged numerous performances, but he became increasingly reclusive. As his contemporaries became famous, Johnson cultivated his role as an outsider, parodying celebrity through performances, fake openings, and photocopy-machine art. From 1982 on, he repeatedly refused offers from numerous galleries to exhibit his art, and for the last five years of his life, he refused all public exhibitions of his works.
On January 13, 1995 Ray Johnson's body was found floating in a small cove in Sag Harbor, NY. All aspects of his death, revolved around the number "13". His age 67 = 6+7=13, the room number at his hotel was 247 which adds to 13, the date: Jan 13, etc. He jumped off the bridge on a cold winter night, and his body was found the next day. As with much of the particulars of his life, little is known about the circumstances of his death. Those who knew him best, inasmuch as they knew him at all, have even speculated that his suicide was his final performance (or Nothing as he then called his pieces). Johnson lived frugally, but had $400,000 in bank accounts at the time of his death. He left no will and his 10 first cousins inherited his estate.
Images: Raven Row


What Is Higher Values?
Higher Values helps people discover online colleges that align with your core values. We list colleges that offer accredited, online degree programs. We also list Technology based schools that focus on preparing students with critical skills that technology companies like Apple, Google, and Facebook want. Some examples of critical skills that are in high demand withing the Tech world would be: Computer Science, Software Engineering, Cyber Security, UX/UI Design, Data Science, iOS/Android Development, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Autonomous Vehicle Engineering, etc.
What is a Core Value?
Core Values are the fundamental beliefs of a person or organization. These guiding principles dictate behavior. Higher values are something you believe in and feel passionate about. We map our Higher Values to align with a schools committed Core Vales and or Mission Statement.
Why Did You Build It?
Hi there! My name is Jason Valenti and I am the creator of Higher Values. We built this platform to help students and parents understand how a college or learning institution aligns with the values and ideas they identify with.
We believe that access to quality education should not be limited to location, which is why we have decided to list colleges and learning institutions that believe: learning can happen from anywhere!


Shrinking habitat fears for koalas
THOUSANDS of koalas across the south-west will have to be sterilised unless alternative habitat can be provided to bluegum plantations, a key wildlife rescue carer has warned.
Tracey Wilson of Koroit, who was involved in a national controversy last year over koalas being killed during logging operations, said there was a looming disaster unless the government stepped in to find a solution soon.
"There are tens of thousands of koalas in bluegum plantations across the Green Triangle region and when these trees are harvested, where will the animals go," she told The Standard yesterday.
"They will go into other habitats and cause overpopulation and starvation. There will be no choice but to look at sterilisation.
"The state government knows about it and I think the federal government needs to become involved because Canberra promoted bluegum investment in the first place."
Ms Wilson cited Mount Napier and Mount Eccles parks as areas under threat as koalas continued to migrate from depleted bluegum stocks.
She called for governments to fund a previously-rejected scheme to create a biolink between the two parks and Cobboboonee national park.
"It would be a multi-million-dollar scheme, but it would be effective," she said. Monitoring of populations in bluegum plantations has increased since the ABC highlighted alarming incidents of koala deaths during harvesting operations.
One company had its Forest Stewardship Council certification suspended because of the backlash and steps were introduced for better procedures to reduce fatalities and injury.
"Harvesting is continuing, but there is much more awareness within the industry on its responsibilities towards wildlife," Ms Wilson said.
Koala populations also faced pressure from urbanisation.
"Councils should be looking at incorporating green corridors into planning schemes with buffer zones.
"Our urban area is rich in wildlife," she said.
Tablet - Narrow
Tablet - Wide


text:
Interpreting the beauty-truth identification in Keats's "Ode on a Grecian Urn" has become virtually an industry unto itself in the past century and a half; yet, with all of the sensitive, brilliant, and sometimes ingeniously inventive readings the poem has received, the equation that has been its most attractive problem remains an unresolved mystery. Some have seen the closing epigram as an artistic blemish in an otherwise masterful poem; others have modified that stand by calling the last lines a "brilliant failure" that is a statement of faith in an ideal, made against persistent...
(The entire page is 2391 words.)
Want to read the whole thing?
Subscribe now to read the rest of this article. Plus, get access to:
- 30,000+ literature study guides
- Critical essays on more than 30,000 works of literature from Salem on Literature (exclusive to eNotes)
- An unparalleled literary criticism section. 40,000 full-length or excerpted essays.
- Content from leading academic publishers, all easily citable with our "Cite this page" button.
- 100% satisfaction guarantee READ MORE


From an analytical computation I get an equation G1:
G1 = Sum[ (Log[y[i]] - u) / s^2, {i, 1, n}] == 0
Solve can not handle this equation and find a solution for u. Furthermore when writing G11 as
G11 = s^2 G1
G11 is essentially returned unevaluated. Mathematica can not be convinced to multiply the s^2 term into the equation -- which would be perfectly OK for all s!= 0. I then used a different approach:
G12 = G1 //. s -> 1
which produced the desired result:
enter image description here
Mathematica still can not solve this equation for u.
Note: for simplicity I used u above instead of μ.
Try this.
Here is your equation:
eq = Sum[(Log[y[i]] + u)/s^2, {i, 1, n}] == 0;
This solves it:
sl=Solve[MapAt[Distribute, MapAt[Apart, eq, {1, 1}], 1], u]
enter image description here
You may then want to also cancel s^2:
sl /. Sum[Times[a_, Log[y[i]]], {i, 1, n}] ->a*Sum[Log[y[i]], {i,1,n}]
enter image description here
Done. Have fun!
| improve this answer | |


text:
The Negative Effect of Policy Restrictions on Consumers' Post-purchase Reactions to Price-Matching Guarantees
Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science
Price-Matching Guarantees (PMGs) are a mechanism by which retailers can reassure consumers of the competitive price of products they offer. While current research in marketing has studied consumers' pre-purchase perceptions of the retailer as a result of offering price-matching guarantees, research on the post-purchase impact of PMGs has been relatively limited. While price-matching guarantees are typically assumed to result in positive consumer perceptions of the retailer, no study to date has examined the potentially negative post-purchase impact of PMGs. This paper examines the potential negative effect of policy restrictions which may prevent the disbursement of a price-matching refund, on consumer perceptions. Two experiments (Experiment 1 n*=*120, Experiment 2 n*=*50) are utilized to dissect the impact of policy restrictions on consumers' perceptions of service quality, price, and loyalty. The paper concludes with a discussion of the managerial implications of the findings on price-matching guarantee policies
Estelami, Hooman, Dhruv Grewal and Anne L. Roggeveen. 2007. "The Negative Effect of Policy Restrictions on Consumers' Post-purchase Reactions to Price-Matching Guarantees." Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 35, no. 2: 208-219.


Software architecture hierarchical
Any person working on this software architecture hierarchical position is responsible for daily designing tasks or technical software architecture hierarchical development of project. An SNA network implements the IBM proprietary networking architecture. Wikipedia gives a good overview of corporate titles and under the hierarchy for Information Technology companies software architecture hierarchical you have the following: Chief Executive Officer Vice President Senior Project Manager / Senior Product Manager / Senior Software Architect Project Manager / Product Manager / Software Architect. Subarea networking carries out a hierarchical network paradigm. Hierarchical architecture views the whole system as a hierarchy structure, in which the software system is decomposed into logical modules or subsystems at different levels in the hierarchy.
(Redirected from Hierarchical directory (DDM)) Distributed Data Management Architecture (DDM) is IBM &39;s open, published software architecture for creating, managing and accessing data on a remote computer. We propose a lightweight graph reordering methodology, incorporated with a GCN accelerator architecture that equips a customized software architecture hierarchical cache design to fully utilize the graph-level. Schmidt, in Software Engineering,. A Hierarchical Framework for software architecture hierarchical Estimating Heterogeneous Architecture-based Software Reliability Wayne Morris Andrews University Follow this and additional works at: edu/theses Recommended Citation Morris, Wayne, "A Hierarchical Framework for Estimating software architecture hierarchical Heterogeneous Architecture-based Software Reliability" (). This approach is typically used in designing system software such as network protocols and operating systems. 16,144 Software Architect jobs available on Indeed.
Hierarchy in architecture is defined as "The articulation of the importance or significance of a form or space by its size, shape, or placement relative to software architecture hierarchical the other forms and spaces of the organisation. Very few studies have been conducted on heterogeneous architecture-based. Senior Software software architecture hierarchical Engineer/Senior Programmer/Member Technical Staff/Technology Analyst/Senior test engineer 3. Computer System Level software architecture hierarchical Hierarchy is the combination of software architecture hierarchical different levels that connects the computer software architecture hierarchical with the user and that makes the use of computer.
We propose a lightweight graph reordering methodology, incorporated with a GCN accelerator architecture that equips a customized cache design to fully utilize the graph-level data reuse. and so on all the software architecture hierarchical way down to the significant packages at the bottom of the hierarchy. Hierarchical Layer • It is a layered architecture. Download Website Hierarchy Diagram Templates in. A software architect serves many of the purposes of a chief software architecture hierarchical architect, but is generally responsible for smaller cross-sections of functionality. In this case, a hierarchical approach is preferred to improve accuracy for the method of solution for estimating reliability. Software Developer/Software Engineer/Programmer/QA engineer 2. The rules, paradigmen, pattern that help to construct, build and test a serious piece of software1.
It also describes how the computational activities are performed on the computer and it shows all the elements used in different level of system. So, let&39;s begin! The leading expert is. A software architect is a software expert who makes high-level design choices and dictates technical software architecture hierarchical standards, including software coding standards, tools, and platforms. The information about the network resources and the definitions are stored in the mainframe that.
At the next position in the hierarchical structure of an architect's job comes with position of the licensed architect who is a nonregistered graduate with software architecture hierarchical 6-8 years of experience. By following the design element software architecture hierarchical or form it will be easily noticeable from the overall design which is aesthetically emphasised by an architect for the overall building design and construction. Architects will often work with. Beyond just using them to model physical data sources, they can be organized in a hierarchy to implement subsystems operating at successively higher levels of abstraction within a real-time application. I certainly wasn't alone in my software architecture hierarchical confusion over what becomes of programmers as they advance in their careers. software architecture hierarchical Technical Track 1.
The solution architect role may be the most sought after role in the software development process but it&39;s not without its challenges. Hierarchical=an arrangement according to relative importance or inclusiveness The hierarchical software architecture is characterized by viewing the entire system as a hierarchy structure. • Software architecture and its description are different. Hierarchical architecture is used in organization of the class libraries such as. Some continue programming indefinitely, while others, eagerly or reluctantly, become managers and climb the corporate ladder. Software Architecture and Design Hierarchical Architecture - Learn Software Architecture and Design concepts in simple and easy steps starting from Introduction, Key Principles, Architecture Models, Object-Oriented Paradigm, Data Flow Architecture, Data-Centered Architecture, Hierarchical Architecture, Interaction-Oriented Architecture, Distributed Architecture, Component-Based Architecture. Software Architect.
. Hierarchical architecture views the whole system as a hierarchy structure, in which the software system is decomposed into logical modules or subsystems at different levels in the hierarchy. The composite model approach that follows a DTMC process with constant failure software architecture hierarchical rate is not analytically tractable for improving its method of solution for estimating software reliability. This is the notion behind the hierarchical decomposition of a joint distribution, the attempt to recover something of the intrinsic hierarchical structure which generated that joint distribution. Introduction to Hierarchical Architecture Hierarchical architecture is a form of control system.. Such a hierarchical paradigm facilitates the software and hardware accelerations for GCN software architecture hierarchical learning. Software architecture and design includes several contributory factors such as Business strategy, quality attributes, human dynamics, design, and IT environment.
Software Architecture¶ The TI royalty-free Bluetooth Low Energy protocol stack is a software component in the CC13x2 or CC26x2 SDK for developing single-mode Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) standalone and network processor software architecture hierarchical applications. In other words, a lower-level module provides services to its adjacent upper-level modules, which invokes the methods or procedures in the lower level. Flood Control Software Architecture Diagram software architecture hierarchical Template.
This is the individual who software architecture hierarchical holds an important position in the company and works directly under the senior principal. The functional architecture involves a set of software engineering artifacts (diagrams, models, and specifications) that must be prepared to document the functional architecture. Download and modify the website hierarchy diagram for your own use. Apply to Software Architect, Senior Software Architect, Front End Developer and more!
What is Hierarchical Architecture? The Automotive Open Systems Architecture software architecture hierarchical (Autosar) as an embedded hierarchical software architecture for vehicle electronics was initiated together by global vehicle OEMs and suppliers. This tutorial covers: Software Architecture Types, UML Diagrams, UML Types, Architectural Design, User Interface, MVC Architecture, Data Centered Architecture, Data Flow Architecture, Hierarchical Architecture, Object Oriented Architecture This is pretty much everything that you would need about Software Architecture and Design.
The task of an software architecture hierarchical observer who seeks to understand the system is then to infer the hierarchical structure from observations of these variables. Thanks for the A2A. into two hierarchical paradigms: graph-level and node-level computing. The architecture of a system describes its major components, their relationships (structures), and how they interact with each other. CSA combines a modular and hierarchical software construction with the objectoriented software architecture hierarchical architectural style to achieve an innovative software architecture that eliminates the limitations of the. The hierarchy in architecture is most often established through the use of its unique shape, size, colour, or placement.
Learning the broad array of skills, shouldering the responsibility, and dealing with the consequences can be more than the average mortal may want to take on. It is the practical experience boiled down to abstract level. Most of existing software architecture recovery techniques software architecture hierarchical are based on hierarchical clustering, which seeks to build a hierarchy of clusters starting from implementation level entities. The hierarchical architecture presented above is based on the use of an energy model that takes into account the different states or operational modes of a sensor node in the network.
It includes a set of devices and controlling software arranged in a hierarchical tree. Assuming an object oriented programming language, the way that I like to think about a software system is as follows: a software system is made up of a number of containers, which themselves are made up of a number of components, which in turn are implemented by one or software architecture hierarchical more classes. This component is based on the SimpleLink CC13x2 or CC26x2 family of BLE enabled wireless MCUs. Software Architecture started with "Stepwise refinement"2 from Niklaus Wirth and "Programming in the large"3 by DeRemer and Kron or even before. It depicts how a typical software system might interact with its users, software architecture hierarchical external systems, data sources, and services.
4 Documenting the functional architecture. One indicator of a useful software architecture is that it provides unexpected benefits. Various leveled design sees the entire system as a chain of importance structure, in which the product system is decayed into consistent modules or subsystems at various levels in the progression.
What is Software Architecture? A software architecture hierarchical visualisation of an example software architecture model, showing the hierarchical nature of the elements that make up the static structure. This is the case with digital twins.
it is a simple hierarchy of logical technical building blocks. The Software Architecture Diagram is a crucial software architecture hierarchical step for software and application developers to describe the basic software structure by separating functional areas into layers. • Each layer has 2 roles:. NET class library in namespace hierarchy. In the hierarchical order of an architectural company is the position of the partner or the mid-level principal.
The Software Architecture Career Path. Download Website Hierarchy Diagram Templates in PDF Format. By using a website hierarchy diagram template and software architecture hierarchical built-in symbols right next to the canvas, you can save many hours in creating great website hierarchy diagrams.
In transmission/reception modes, the sensor nodes use greater amounts


text:
Variation rules of speed and accelerated speed of points on the movable jaw have a great impact on the crushing performance of the compound pendulum jaw crusher, especially when the three kinematical characteristics, including displacement, speed, and accelerated speed of the movable jaw are combined together.
Under normal circumstances, particle materials crushing on the upper part of the movable jaw requires certain displacement to meet the needed amount of compression needed for material crushing. In addition, the relationship of speed to accelerated speed must be appropriate. When the movable jaw plate moves towards the fixed jaw plate for material crushing, it will accelerate its movement if the direction of the speed accords with that of the accelerated speed. Thus, the force exerted on the materials will increase rapidly, leading to the impacting of the movable jaw and materials. It is known to all that the materials with certain hardness will bounce off each other when colliding. Whereas, since the movable jaw is connected with the machine, only the materials will bounce off. Chances are that materials will bounce back and forth in the crushing cavity if cannot be crushed or worse, pop out from the feeding port. If operators are nearby, significant casualties and property losses may be caused. This is the so-called 'material popping' phenomenon.
In order to avoid the occurrence of this phenomenon, it is best to ensure the opposite directions of the speed and the accelerated speed when the materials come in contact with the points on the upper part of the movable jaw for crushing in the design or improvement of jaw crusher. Therefore, the points will move towards the materials in deceleration. The increase of the force exerted on the materials will not be overquick. Hence, the materials will be crushed by relatively slow squeezing rather than crashing. There is a time when direction of the speed and that of the accelerated speed are opposite in the course of the movable jaw movement towards the fixed one. If the materials crushing occurs during that period by contacting with the movable jaw, it can be very beneficial. The kinematical characteristics of the underpart of the movable jaw differ from those of the upper one because the underpart demands the same direction of the speed and the accelerated speed.
According to the foregoing analysis, the relationship between the speed and accelerated speed of the movable jaw has a significant impact on the kinematical characteristics. To achieve proper relationship between the speed and the accelerated speed over the course of movable jaw movement: firstly, the ability to draw and analyze the chart of the speed and accelerated speed of the movable jaw plate is requested, which is also the reason why we analyze the relationship herein; secondly, jaw crusher capable of parameters adjustment needs to be designed. Consequently, the proper relationship of the speed and the accelerated speed can be realized.
impact crusher for sale:_URL_
impact stone crusher:_URL_