Books Zoology Invertebrates Arthropods Arthropods: General
Urban Insects and Arachnids: A Handbook of Urban Entomology
By: William Robinson
700 pages, 250 figs, 250 illus
Cambridge University Press
Hardback | Apr 2005 | #147414 | ISBN: _PHONE_
Availability: Usually dispatched within 6 days Details
NHBS Price: £170.00 $219/€201 approx
About this book
Provides the first comprehensive coverage of insect and other arthropod pests in the urban environment worldwide. Presents a brief description, biology, and detailed information on the development, habits, and distribution of urban and public health pests. There are 570 illustrations to accompany some of the major pest species. The format is designed to serve as a ready-reference and to provide basic information on orders, families, and species. The species coverage is international and based on distribution in domestic and peridomestic habitats. The references are extensive and international, and cover key papers on species and groups. The introductory chapters overview the urban ecosystem and its key ecological components, and a review of the pests status and modern control strategies.
'! attractive and well-produced!' Journal of Insect Conservation
Part I. Urban Entomology: 1. Introduction; 2. Urban ecosystem; 3. Pest status and control; Part II. Insects in the Urban Environment: 4. Blattaria; 5. Coleoptera; 6. Collembola, Dermaptera; 7. Diptera, Ephemeroptera; 8. Hemiptera, Homoptera; 9. Hymenoptera; 10. Isoptera; 11. Lepidoptera; 12. Mantodea, Neuroptera; 13. Orthptera, Phasmatodea; 14. Phthiraptera; 15. Plecoptera, Psocoptera; 16. Siphonaptera; 17. Thysanoptera, Thysanura, Trichoptera; Part III. Other Arthropods in the Urban Environment: 18. Arthropods.
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Professor Bill Robinson is a major figure in the field of urban entomology. He works extensively on urban pest control strategies worldwide.
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text: The Laboratory of Electrical Machines of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (Lausanne) has developed a software (TLSim) for the simulation of electrical urban transportation systems. This program can simulate the behaviour of the power supply network (current and voltage level at any point of the topology) comprising uniand bidirectionnal sub-stations. In the network the vehicules (trolleybus) may run along any defined path through different electrical supply sectors. Several models of trolleybus are available, one of these allowing for the injection of current back in the supply network. The operating schedule of the buses as well as the geographical data of the network are provided by the user. This program is a perfect tool for system planning as ascertained by its use by a Swiss transportation operator. A comparison of simulation and measurements on a real network has been performed with satisfactory results. This software evolved from a specific study to a flexible program still being extended with new developments. The latest of such developments being the study of the influence of capacitors in helping the system to keep voltages over a specified level mainly by supplying the surge current during the acceleration of the trolleybuses.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
In this paper we discuss the ω-limit sets of a flow using the Conley theory, chain recurrence and Morse decompositions. Our results generalize and improve the related result in [Schropp J. A reduction principle for ω-limit sets. Z Angew Math Meth 1996;76(6):349-56], and we also show how they can be used as a basis for some new criteria for the existence of periodic orbits.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
- Physics and Astronomy(all)
- Applied Mathematics


text:
Informz can work directly with clients that have admin permissions in MemberSuite. Because Informz uses the MemberSuite SOAP API, no additional configuration is needed from MemberSuite.
There are four required steps to connect Informz and MemberSuite. In MemberSuite, you'll need to:
- Create an API User
- Create an Access Key for the API User
- Capture the Access Key
- Capture the Association ID and Enable API Access from the Association Settings
*Log in to MemberSuite as an Admin User in order to complete the steps below
1) Creating An API User
- Navigate to Setup > Security > Manage Users
- Select Create a New User in the User Tasks column on the right
- Populate the user information for the new API user. Check the Is API User checkbox.
- Click Save to save the new user
2) Create an Access Key for the API User
- Navigate to the Manager Users page and click the Magnifying Glass icon for the newly created API user
- From the What Would You Like To Do? list, select Create an Access Key
3) Capture the Access Key
- Expand the Show Access Key section and copy the Access Key ID and Secret Access Key from the resulting window. Make note of these keys (paste them into an application, such as Notepad, so that they can later be pasted into Informz).
4) Capture the Association ID and Enable API Access from the Association Settings
- Navigate to Setup > General Setup > Association Settings.
- Find the Association ID and copy it. As above make note of this ID (paste it into an application, such as Notepad, so that it can later be pasted into Informz).
- Check the Enable API Access checkbox and then Save the changes.


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What is a Reverse NDR Attack
The non-delivery report (NDR) is generated when an email message is not able to be sent to the next hop.
Spammers can use NDR as a method to generate spam towards victims by using the victim's email address as the sender. This is called a reverse NDR Attack.
Consider the following scenario:
 - Bob (the victim), has an email address
 - You run an email server that accepts messages for In addition, it accepts messages for valid as well as invalid users.
 - Jim (the attacker), wants to send a spam message to Bob. However, instead of sending it directly to Bob, he sends it through your email server. He does this to prevent his IP address from getting black listed.
 - Jim's composes an email with the following values for Sender and Recipient:
Since does not exist, your email server will generate an NDR. However, that NDR will get sent to Bob instead of Jim, because Jim forged the sender to be Bob instead of Jim.
Refer to the diagram below for more information:
Preventing such attacks in Xeams
There are two features in Xeams that will help against a reverse NDR attack.
 - Configure Xeams to reject invalid users. This is done by specifying a valid list of users or integrating with Active Directory.
 - Configure how NDRs are generated.
 Configuring NDRs
 After logging in as admin, go to Smtp Server Configuration and select the Advanced Tab. Following bullets describe two important configuration parameters.
 Include Original:
 This option configures whether to attach the original email message in the NDR. By default, this option is disabled. It is highly recommend to leave this option disabled to prevent spammed messages.
 Generate NDRs only for outbound emails:
 This option only allows NDRs to be generated for outbound emails. This prevents the reverse NDR attack where someone uses your email server to bounce back spam messages.
Created on: May 18, 2016
Last updated on: Jun 18, 2021
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text:
Kangaroos Invading Australian Cities as Drought Worsens
for National Geographic News
|July 18, 2007|
Australia's worst drought in a hundred years is driving its kangaroos into cities in search of food and water, experts say.
In Canberra, referred to as the Bush Capital for its pockets of parklands scattered throughout the city, residents encounter the common sight of eastern gray kangaroos on the streets.
(Related: Kangaroo Attacks in Australia Spotlight Growing Turf War" [May 6, 2005].)
After several years of dry conditions, vegetation has been grazed down to nothing—leading to the unusual spectacle of kangaroos hopping around the lush grounds of the lakeside home of Australia's Governor General, Sir Michael Jeffery.
Canberra's urban kangaroo sightings have been complemented by reports of greater numbers of kangaroos in other cities and towns in the southeast of Australia, apparently driven there in search of food. (See a map of Australia.)
Country 'Roo, City 'Roo
Brendan Mackey, director of of the Australian National University's WildCountry research unit, says it is "quite logical" to see more kangaroos moving into urban areas seeking sustenance.
"The kangaroo's biology is geared to take advantage of the good times," Mackey said. "So when times are good they reproduce and are very fecund. When the signals turn negative they stop."
Droughts cause a competition for scarce resources, so when times start to get tough, kangaroos compete with sheep and cattle for food and water, Mackey said.
The outskirts of Canberra and other major cities such as Sydney and Melbourne still have relatively plentiful resources—without the other competitors that are usually found in the bush.
"Because Australia naturally has a boom and bust environment, you have large droughts and flooding rains. From year to year rainfall is quite unreliable. In order for an animal to live in this environment they have to have a strategy to survive," Mackey said.
On the edges of Canberra, kangaroos have posed such a problem at two Australian Department of Defense training sites that the department wants to do a planned hunt of the animals. (Related: "Birth Control for Kangaroos: Scientists' Population Control Plan" [September 6, 2006].)
"Kangaroos are impacting endangered ecological communities, which include several threatened species, and there are strong indications that many kangaroos will soon starve unless numbers there are reduced,'' said Russell Watkinson, the director of Australia's Parks, Conservation and Lands.
The kangaroos' search for food led them to land used for training defense personnel.
That land is also home to two threatened species of lizards. The lizards are going hungry because of lack of food, and reduced vegetation makes them easy pickings for predators.
"There is strong evidence that some of these threatened species have declined where there has been excessive grazing, [though] they have remained healthy in comparable areas where grazing pressure is controlled," Watkinson said.
It's not just kangaroos that move in search of sustenance.
Native birds have also been observed to travel large distances for better foraging, Mackey said, said the unknown factor is how they know when and where to go.
No one knows when the drought will break, but Mackey said kangaroos will be ready to adapt to any changed conditions, whether good or bad.
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Trench Shoring Cages are Actually Trench Safety Devices
Trench Shoring Cages | Stack Trench Boxes | Aluminum Trench Box Assembly | Trench Shoring System | Kundel Trench Boxes | Kundel Trench Boxes for Sale
Excavation has always been known as dangerous work. Workers in this industry have a far greater chance of being killed than general construction trades; hence shoring cages are used.
As a solution, standards were created that identify common hazards found when having individuals work in trenches. Each employer is responsible for ensuring that each excavation is free of identified and predictable hazards. To do this, employers must designate a representative to design, construct and maintain the work area so that they will be free of hazards. A person assigned to this role is known as the qualified person. A trench is an excavation that has a greater depth than its width measured at the bottom. Employees who work in trenches that are 5 feet deep must be protected from a cave-in (a mass of soil separated from the bank of a trench) by a trench protective system.
Trench Shoring vs. Shoring Cages
Trench shoring should not be confused with trench shielding. In the end, they both serve the same purpose, which is to protect but they also function in different ways of protecting. Shoring cages are designed to protect workers in the event of a collapse or cave-in, while trench shores are designed to prevent the collapse or cave-in from ever occurring. Because trench shores examine a way to prevent all potential hazards of a work area, it is viewed as the safer and better option, even though it is more time-consuming.
The soil inside of a trench can sometimes be of a type that has an unconfined strength. Meaning a type of soil that has insufficient strength to stand unsupported. A type of soil that tends to run or slough into the excavation as the trench is being dug and worked by the worker(s). An excavation is a work area is not is not considered a work area until the workers actually begin working.
This would be the point where the qualified person would review and make an assessment of the potential dangers of the type soil workers would have to work with. If known and/or predictable hazards are found, a trench box system must be in place prior to the start of any work by the workers.
Shoring Cages and the Qualified Person
The assessment done by the qualified person will determine what type of trench shoring boxes will be used. Shoring cages are a type commonly used.
Trench shoring is the process of securing the wall surfaces of a trench. Having this safety equipment is extremely important for the well-being and protection of the work area and workers as they work on projects that require them to work inside of deep trenches.
There are several methods of trench shoring. A common method is hydraulic shores.
Hydraulic shoring products are lightweight that utilize hydraulic pressure to support banks of excavation. As the hydraulic cylinders are pressurized against trench walls, pressure arcs will radiate from the center of the cylinder in many different directions. If nearby shores are located close enough for the arcs to intersect, pressure arches will be formed. These arches shore the banks. These pressure arches fan out into the banks; supporting the soil without the presence of sheeting.
Other methods of shoring cages are beam and plate and more solid boarding. However, hydraulic shoring works faster than these and tend to be the choice for larger excavations.
When it comes to safety in construction, the biggest danger is having a situation occur where workers become trapped in dirt and materials. Trench shoring was developed as a method to prevent these types of situations.
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Relationships Among Gender, Gender Role Individualized Trust, And Self-Disclosure, John D. Foubert
Self-disclosure, the process of revealing personal information to other people, was examined in relation to gender, gender role and individualized trust. Undergraduate subjects (N = 293) completed the Jourard Self-Disclosure Scale (Jourard, 1971b), the Individualized Trust Scales (Wheeless & Grotz, 1977), the Bem Sex Role Inventory (Bem, 1974), and a demographic questionnaire. Significant interactions emerged between gender and individualized trust (p <.01), gender and gender role (p <.05), and individualized trust and gender role (p =.01). An androgynous gender role was shown to lead to higher rates of self-disclosure in the high trust condition but not in the low trust condition. Although masculine males and masculine females did not disclose differently, feminine females disclosed markedly more than feminine males. The relationship between individualized trust and gender role revealed an increase in self-disclosure common to androgynous individuals is restricted to those who are high trusting.


50 over 50 x 50
If someone has to sit down on the tracks of the coal train and get arrested it should be the grandparents who have been pouring carbon into the atmosphere for half a century.
Bill McKibben
Margaret Mead
If not now, when?
Hillel the Elder
This is an appeal to a small number of boomers — members of the US baby boom generation — to engage in peaceful civil disobedience to push for sensible climate policies in the hope that this can help to avert catastrophe. We call this effort 50 over 50 x 50 because we believe that members of our generation (over 50 years old) have the means and the responsibility to act and that a few dozen of us in each of the 50 states (50 x 50) can tip public opinion in favor of action if we are prepared to organize at the grassroots level, speak out, risk arrest and occasionally spend some time in jail.
We think that there are hundreds, perhaps thousands of boomers across the United States who are alarmed by the imminent threat of runaway climate change and consider the lack of US leadership a profound moral failure. Many of us want to do more but feel isolated and unsure how to proceed. The solution is to find each other, encourage each other, and learn together how to organize attention-grabbing actions, including peaceful civil disobedience.
This website explains why and suggests specific steps that you can take, starting today, if these ideas resonate with you. Please Join Us.
Read Next: Why Civil Disobedience?
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DistributionRead full entry
According to reviews [7,43,63], Swainson's warbler breeds in the southeastern United States and winters on Caribbean Islands and portions of the Yucatan Peninsula. Swainson's warbler's breeding range extends along the Gulf Coast from northwestern Florida to eastern Texas, north through eastern Oklahoma, and east through southern Missouri, southern Illinois, and parts of Tennessee, Kentucky, Virginia, and West Virginia to the coast of North Carolina. Although rare, Swainson's warbler also breeds in Maryland and Delaware. Swainson's warblers migrate through southern Florida or along the Gulf Coast to wintering grounds on the Yucatan Peninsula including northern Guatemala, Belize, and the Mexican states of Quintana Roo and Campeche. Swainson's warblers also overwinter in Cuba, Jamaica, the Bahamas and other Caribbean islands [7,43,63]. A map of Swainson's warbler's range can be found at NatureServe.
The following lists are speculative and are based on Swainson's warbler's distribution information and the habitat characteristics and species composition of communities Swainson's warblers are known to occupy during migration and breeding. There is not conclusive evidence that Swainson's warblers occur in all the habitat types listed, and some community types may have been omitted. Swainson's warblers are observed rarely in some of the communities listed and more often in others. See the Preferred Habitat section for more detail.


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There are 5 trials each with success probability of 0.02. The probab of winning only at the 3rd AND 5th trial is 0.02^2 * 0.98^3.
What if I am asked the prob of winning at the 3rd OR at the 5th trial?
How do I do it? And why?
The probability of winning when playing one game on the slot machine is 2%. Mr Brown tries 5 times(assume independently). What is the probability of winning only at the third and the fifth trials?
That is the exercice and in class we solved it like this: 0.02^2* 0.98^3.
In class we never seen the "OR" and I was wondering what I am supposed to do if at the exam they put me an exercice with "Or" istead of "and". Can you help me? Can you explaining me what all your questions mean? I mean can you let me see how they are different? Thank you so so much.
But you really need to discuss this with your instructor. Find out her/his take on the language of this question.
well I was just trying to figure out what to do in case I find an "OR" somewhere. We are not supposed to hae the same exercices we did in class. They are usually things we have never seen before, that is why I was wondering about the or.
So to wrap up: if I find something that appears to mean "3rd(let's say) or 5th but not both" I compute the prob of getting ONLY the 3rd as success just thinking the others are all failures. do the same with the 5th and sum them.
If I find "3rd or 5th or both" the same as before plus the probab of having exacltly those two successes.
Is this right? Are there any other cases I might find? Might you please let me see how to answer the questions you posed, I have no idea where to start?
Thanks a lot


text:
Six tips for taking stunning fireworks photos this July 4
The Fourth of July is a time for fun, friends, and fireworks. Fireworks displays are dazzling, but they can be tricky to photograph. Follow these tips, courtesy of Dan Landau — photographer and Fairleigh Dickinson University PR assistant — and take your fireworks photos to the next level:
1. Use a long exposure
The average firework burst is several seconds long and a long exposure is needed to capture the whole burst. Some cameras have a "fireworks" mode and if yours does, then select that setting. If not, try another way to get the shutter to stay open:
If you're feeling adventurous, try out the camera's manual or shutter-priority modes (usually called "M" and "S," respectively) and experiment with long shutter speeds of several seconds. If your camera doesn't have a have a manual mode, look for a "night exposure" or "low light" mode to use instead.
2. Set up a tripod
Because of the long exposures necessary for firework photography, a tripod is essential to keep your camera steady. No matter how steady you think your hands are, they aren't steady enough to keep the camera from shaking over the course of several seconds.
3. Click when they launch
It can be difficult to time your camera to take photos exactly when the fireworks burst, so rather than guess as to when the firework will explode, take your cues from the rockets and click the shutter button when you see the rockets first launch off the ground. This technique factors in the shutter lag (the delay between when you push the button and when the camera actually takes the photo) most cameras have and makes sure that your shutter is open when the fireworks explode, ensuring that you capture the whole burst.
4. Choose your vantage point
Where you will take photos from is very important. Ideally, try to position yourself upwind, so the order is camera, fireworks, smoke. If you are downwind of the fireworks, the smoke will come between you and the fireworks and make for hazy photos. Other things to keep in mind are the locations of trees, buildings, and power lines (many a great shot is ruined because of errant power lines cutting through the photo).
5. Don't be a flasher
Make sure to turn off your flash. Besides being really annoying to the people around you who are trying to enjoy the show, your flash will add nothing to the shot and may even hurt your photos (the flash may confuse the camera into thinking that it needs a shorter shutter speed).
6. Take only mental pictures of the finale
The finale is the most spectacular part of the fireworks show, but it is also the worst part to photograph. Because of the number of fireworks bursting at once, photos of the finale tend to be overexposed and the overlapping bursts smear together and are not really distinguishable — you'll get much better photos before the finale. Besides, the finale is the most fun part of the show, so just sit back and enjoy it.


Is the negative or sensor a necessary condition? What about the use of a camera obscura? What if the person's light is not captured automatically, either chemically or electronically, but rather applied by a human hand? An artist can certainly draw or paint a very realistic image of a person onto paper or canvas using a camera obscura or camera lucida.5
Is the soul one thing, or is it divisible? If each human has only one soul, then what happens if I take two photographs of a person? Is their soul stolen twice? If the soul is one thing, like the Statue of Liberty, can it be in two places at one time? If it's argued that the soul is incorporeal, and thus could be omnipresent, then why are we worried about cameras at all? If we accept that the soul is light and can be stolen by cameras, then what about black and white photographs? Do color photos have more soul than the souls Diane Arbus might have stolen? There seems to be a tacit assumption in all this that we're talking about visible light. Yet humans most certainly give off invisible light in the form of infrared (IR) radiation. If I point an infrared thermometer at you, I gather your infrared light. Do I still steal your soul? The IR thermometer forces us to consider whether our souls exist only in range of frequencies visible to other humans. The metaphor of the IR thermometer offers another conundrum as well, as many consumer-grade IR thermometers simply give a digital numeric readout of the temperature of whatever is being measured. In this case, the result can be thought of as the "brightness" of one color of whatever it is that is being measured. Essentially, it's the numeric readout representing a single color. In conventional photography this is known as a histogram, which is a chart representing the multiple color values of a photograph. This raises yet another issue: Assuming for the sake of argument that a soul is captured on a digital sensor, what then if we are only provided a numeric or graphic readout of its electronic values? Odd as it may seem, this is essentially what's happening when we point an IR thermometer at a surface. If we concede that we are not stealing a soul simply by remotely measuring a person's temperature, why is this so? Is it because seeing a non-abstract, non-numeric representation of the person is a necessary condition?
There is also the tacit assumption that our souls are only the light reflecting off our skin, which is an organ that only makes up a fraction of our bodies. Consider an endoscopy. Can a gastroenterologist accidentally steal your soul if he snaps a picture of your large intestine? Your colon is no less a part of you than your skin.
For the sake of argument, let's assume that a necessary condition for soul theft is capturing the light that comes off a person's skin. With this stipulation, we completely eliminate images such as medical X-rays. But what about so-called "millimeter wave scanners" now commonly found in American airports? In this case, reasonably detailed images of a person's skin can be seen beneath clothing. In such a case, would a person's soul be stolen even if they were totally covered, as in a burka? Setting aside the esoteric technology of millimeter wave scanners, another question is raised. Consider that most people are wearing at least some clothing when photographed. Since most people's visual identity is strongly associated with their faces, perhaps the face being visible is a necessary condition of soul theft. What if we wear a mask? From there it's a bit of a slippery slope, as one could continue covering or hiding one's self further and further until completely occluded. Is there a point along the continuum from being completely naked to being completely covered that soul theft could or could not occur?
As with matters of law, intention plays a huge role. For a theft to occur we need a thief. Perhaps the presence of the photographer is a necessary condition. But now we have another problem, as we need to account for self-portraits. Can a person steal their own soul with a selfie? Is it even a meaningful concept to steal something from yourself? All the other conditions we suppose might be necessary are there: a machine for capturing light, a photographer, a person being photographed, and a non-abstract representation of the person. But perhaps our thinking is too limited here; perhaps something entirely else besides theft happens. Perhaps the soul discorporates and leaves the body during the selfie, yet returns when the image is posted on Facebook.
Perhaps our thinking that the soul is "one thing" is too narrow. What happens when the camera is digital and the soul falls on the sensor? Is each pixel a mere part of the soul? In such a case we could consider that the soul might be holographic and that each pixel somehow contains the information needed to reassemble the whole soul.
Our thinking on this issue is also constrained in supposing there is only one camera functioning. What if we used two cameras to capture a stereoscopic image? This is not a fanciful concern, as stereoscopic photo pairs were quite the rage in Victorian times.6 A stereoscopic image is fundamentally different than any 2D image, as the 3D image is perceived in the brain of the viewer. But what does this mean for the soul? Perhaps the soul contains spatial information or more technically "Cartesian metadata" that was first perceived by Victorian thrill seekers.
What about distance from the camera to the subject? What if the subject is in the frame of the camera, but is too far away to be seen? If so, then souls were stolen en masse when the famous "Earthrise" photo of planet earth was taken during Apollo 8 in 1968. Is NASA the biggest soul thief of them all?
Troubling, too, is the subject of death. Are photos of deceased humans taboo too? Most conceptions of the soul describe it as leaving the body after death. Yet if a soul is light from a person's skin, then there is still light reflected from his or her skin when he or she dies.
This exercise is intended to demonstrate that many extraordinary claims are poorly framed from the get-go. Even an assertion that sounds ridiculously simple on the surface can contain paradoxes, uncertainties, and multiple tacit assumptions. This is understandable in the study of fringe subjects, as many extraordinary claims exist outside the realm of conventional science, which places a huge emphasis on very precise definitions of concepts. The very subject matter of skepticism, analysis of extraordinary claims, offers the skeptic a fertile set of ideas that analysis alone may reveal as containing these paradoxes, uncertainties, and tacit assumptions. Before the hard leg work of scientific skepticism starts, time spent simply analyzing the initial claim is often very productive.
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Untold Story of Champ book cover
Introducing Lorelei
The Lorelei
By Heinrich Heine
(Translated by Joe Nickell)
I know not what it means,
This sadness that I find;
But an olden tale, it seems,
Has overcome my mind.
The air is cool at sunset,
And quietly flows the Rhine;
In the fading evening light,
The mountain summits shine.
The fairest maiden dwells
In marvelous radiance there;
Arrayed in gleaming jewels,
She combs her golden hair.
Combing with a golden comb,
All the while sings she,
A song with a wondersome,
Overpowering melody.
The boatman in his little craft—
Captivated by its might—
Sees not the looming reef,
Stares only at the height.
I think the waves are devouring
Both boat and boatman gone;
And all this with her singing
The Lorelei has done.
Folklore or Fakelore?
Heine's Siren
I have heard the mermaids singing, each to each.
I do not think that they will sing to me.
* * *
Encyclopedia Britannica. 1960. Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica.
Skeptical Activism Online Mon, 03 Nov 2014 12:37:00 EDT _EMAIL_ () _URL_ _URL_ I am tremendously proud to be an Australian Skeptic, because if you ask anyone you will most likely be told that as Australians we like to get things done. And we have had some successes, especially regarding the anti-vaccination and chiropractic crowds. However, I also believe that we can do more. This was the topic of my talk at the Australian Skeptics National Convention in November 2013.
I felt privileged to present to people that I respect and admire—especially about a topic that I am very passionate about: Guerilla Skepticism and how we can all be activists. My mission was simple: to promote skeptical activism and inspire others to get involved. We are a wonderful community, but we tend to stay within the Skeptics in the Pub, the skeptical conferences, and our own Internet forums. There


Posted on August 28, 2020 By Rabbi Yisroel Belsky ztl | Series: | Level:
My daughter in 7th grade has a report to do for English. The teacher said the students have to type it on the computer, and that the parents shouldn't type it for them. I surmise that the reason they want it typed on the computer is for readability, and the reason they don't want the parents to type it is so that the parents don't write the actual contents of the report for the students. My daughter wrote the report in long hand. She is an extremely slow typist, and it would take her 5 hours to type it, which is time hard to find considering how much other work she has. Can I type part of all of it for her, and does she have to be totally honest with her teacher about it if I do?
Perhaps the reason the teacher wants them to type it is in order that the kids should have typing experience. Sometimes the English teacher is in cahoots with the typing teacher. I think it is worthwhile to call up the teacher. It's also not a good idea to tell your child that you have a reason why you want to conceal something from her teacher. Then the child will understand that this is an acceptable way to act in life. The teacher will say, "Did you type it?" and your daughter will say, "Yes", which is not true. It is worthwhile to call the teacher and explain that it may take five hours for your daughter to type the entire report, and ask if it would be possible for you to type part or most of it for her. The teacher will probably say, "Of course you can." But it is not at all a good idea for your daughter to be involved in deceiving the teacher. A child should never be involved in deceiving a teacher
A friend who works in a furniture gemach (an organization that lends to those in need) called my wife, and said someone wants to contribute a couch, but the gemach has no one to pick it up and no place to store it. The person at the gemach said that we would be helping them if we picked it up and kept it, and that optionally we can pay whatever we want. How do we figure out how much to pay for it? Should it be based on the true value of the couch, or on our ability to pay? Should we have it evaluated by a person who knows couches?
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Most healthcare data like EHR, claims, socioeconomic, etc are aimed to aid a specific practice domain that is disparate and diverse. Hence these are difficult to operate under a single roof for certain purposes. So, to collect and maintain all these types of data at a single place for performing analytics and machine learning on top of it, we need a common data model approach to support this.
Predera Data model (PDM) is a healthcare common data model designed to facilitate data interoperability which is built on top of OMOP CDM and extended using FHIR data standard is used to support observational analytics on top of healthcare data.
OMOP CDM allows for the systematic analysis of disparate observational databases and making disparate coding systems be harmonized with minimal information loss into a standardized vocabulary.
In order to populate the PDM
 - Initially, the EHR data in various formats like HL7, FHIR, CSV files, etc are collected in a Data warehouse. This DW also acts as a historic datastore and also purposes for other applications.
 - Based on the type/schemas of the data each field is first mapped to respective equivalent FHIR identifiers to create FHIR resources.
 - This helps us to bring all the various standardized/non-standardized data into the FHIR healthcare standard which is widely used in the industry and can leverage all the additional features of FHIR as well
 - These FHIR resources are then mapped to the fields of the pre-built PDM schema to populate it.
To perform all this data ETL, stitching, etc. Apache Spark has been used.
 - Apache Spark is a high-performance in-memory parallel processing engine which can has the capability of reading data from data lakes, data warehouses, relational databases, and Big Data sources
 - The application built using Spark can also connect to APIs exposed from the EMR machines or data exported from the EMRs into various locations
 - From simple to complex transformations of data can be done here and then finally can be loaded into the PDM.
Predera Data Model (PDM) seamlessly works with all data formats as it implicitly contains all the resources supported by FHIR which is an industry-standard.
This is designed to evolve with different data sources and formats coming in to support various applications and usages.
Using the data residing in PDM things such as feature stores, machine learning models, rule engines can be seamlessly built and various analytics can also be performed.


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Writing: Detail and Imagery as Tools in Descriptive Writing
Among the tools of the writer trying to describe a place or event are detail and imagery. Details can appeal to all the reader's senses, can show the reader something rather than telling. Details contribute to developing an image of what the writer is trying to convey. Colorful, evocative language can also help develop that image. Read historian Francis Parkman's "Massacre of the Devil's Hole" from the "Historic Handbook of the Northern Tour" for the imagery in the author's narrative.
- What details in Parkman's account help you build an image of the place where the events occurred? What details help you picture the event?
- What examples of colorful and evocative language can you find in Parkman's account? How does this language help you imagine the place and events?
- In your opinion, what is the role of imagery in conveying a historical episode?
- Can strong imagery help to convey a particular bias? Use examples of Parkman's account to support your answer.


Archive for January, 2010
Low-G pushovers
Friday, January 29th, 2010
Safer night ops
Tuesday, January 19th, 2010
Servo transparency
Friday, January 8th, 2010
Pilots who learn to fly in smaller helicopters probably hear very little about servo transparency, yet this phenomenon has caused or played a role in several accidents. When giving flight reviews I have found some helicopter pilots who totally misunderstand why and how it happens. However, the concept is not too difficult to understand.
Because of the higher control forces in larger helicopters, hydraulically boosted servo actuators are used to assist the flight controls. The maximum force that these servo actuators can produce is constant and is a function of hydraulic pressure and servo characteristics. Engineers design the hydraulic system to adequately handle all aerodynamic forces required during approved maneuvers. Even so, with certain aggressive maneuvering it is possible for the aerodynamic forces in the rotor system to exceed the maximum force produced by the servo actuators. At this point, the force required to move the flight controls becomes relatively high and could give an unaware pilot the impression that the controls are jammed. To prevent servo transparency, pilots should avoid abrupt and aggressive maneuvering with combinations of high airspeed, high collective pitch, high gross weight, and high-density altitude.
The good news is that this phenomenon occurs smoothly, and can be managed properly if the pilot anticipates it during an abrupt or high-G load maneuver. On clockwise-turning main rotor systems the right servo receives the highest load, so servo transparency produces an un-commanded right and aft cyclic movement accompanied by down collective. The pilot should follow (not fight) the control movement and allow the collective pitch to decrease while monitoring rotor rpm, especially at very low collective pitch settings. The objective is to reduce the overall load on the main rotor system. It normally takes about two seconds for the load to ease and hydraulic assistance to be restored. However, be aware that if the pilot is fighting the controls when this happens, the force being applied to the controls could result in an abrupt undesired opposite control movement.
Many of these accidents have happened while aggressively flying the helicopter at low altitudes, leaving very little time to recover. Most important for avoiding this kind of accident is to follow the aircraft limitations published in the helicopter's flight manual.


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Early Settlers of
Their Descendants...Their Stories...Their Achievements
Lifting the Mists of History on Their Way of Life
By: Ethelene Dyer Jones
Some Early Settlers Named Gaddis and the Gaddistown District
If we could see the past, then of course it would look different. For there was a time when every man was a part of his mother,...and... part of his grandparents. If you could see humanity spread out in time, as God sees it, it would look like one single growing thing…rather like a very complicated tree. Every individual would appear connected to every other." -C. S. Lewis (_PHONE_)
The famous English theologian
and apologist, C. S. Lewis, whom
I have quoted here, had the right idea when he stated that humanity is
very complicated tree," and that "every individual…(is) connected to
other." In our eagerness to find out
about the past, we are searching for that giant tree, and our
connectedness. I enjoy looking at the
names listed in the
1834 Union County census when the county was brand new, just becoming
established, two years after its organization.
I am fascinated by names of people who made up the early
learned by noting names in that census.
And that is how I came to the name Gaddis for a brief look. They left behind a place named for them,
Gaddistown, the southwestern-most district in the County, surrounded by
In 1834 there were five Gaddis households listed in the census, with a total of twenty-four people bearing that family name—thirteen males and eleven females. Since only heads-of-households and number in the family unit were listed in 1834, we learn that these Gaddis men were early settlers in the county: Linsey Gaddis (3 males, 2 females), Iredell Gaddis (1 male, 2 females), James Gaddis, Sr. (3 males, 2 females), James Gaddis, Jr. (4 males, 2 females), and Lewis Gaddis (2 males, 3 females).
By 1840, the Gaddis households in that year's census had increased to nine, with household populations giving a total of 30 males and 28 females with the Gaddis last name. Those listed were as follows: John Gaddis (4 m. 3 f.), Iredell Gaddis (2 m. 3 f.), Lewis Gaddis (2 m. 4 f.), James Gaddis (6 m., 1 f.), Drury Gaddis (4 m. 1 f.), another Drury Gaddis (3 m. 5 f.), William Gaddis (1 m. 2 f.), George Gaddis (5 m., 3 f.) and Emry (sic) Gaddis (2 m. 4 f).
By 1850, interestingly, only three Gaddis families were listed (one spelled Gettis). By that census, we have names and ages listed, and the state the head of household migrated from. Susan Gaddis, age 47, lived in household 85, with children Susan, 14, Allen, 12, and Matilda 8. In the household with Susan Gaddis were two with the last name of Black, their given names Iven, age 19 and John, age 23. In the Gettis (sic) household numbered by the census taker 917, were M. M., age 31, and his wife, Lucila, age 25, both born in North Carolina, and an elder lady, Elenor, age 70 (maybe M. M.'s mother?), all born in North Carolina. The third Gaddis, (in household # 969) was Lewis, age 47, born in North Carolina, his wife, Margaret, age 43, born in South Carolina, and these children: Eline, age 20, born in SC, and Elizann, 18, Allen, 14, Elvira, 12, Margaret, 10, Perlina, 8, and Archibald, 5 (the last six born in Georgia). In doing some Gaddis family research elsewhere, I found a bit of information that stated that many of the Gaddis families, living close to Lumpkin County, moved on over to that county and were involved in the later "gold rush" there. This I have not authenticated. Either some Gaddis families were missed in the 1850 census, or they had migrated to another county by that time.
We can assume that Gaddistown District
was named for James Gaddis (Sr. or Jr.), Linsey
Gaddis, Iredell Gaddis, or Lewis Gaddis,
the first families of the Gaddis name that settled
The name Gaddis (spelled in many
ways—Gettis, Geddes, Gadice, Gattis) is a Scots-Irish name, a
place name. In
Jones; published May 13, 2010 in The Union Sentinel, Blairsville,
Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved.
[Ethelene Dyer Jones is a retired educator, freelance writer, poet, and historian. She may be reached at e-mail _EMAIL_; phone _PHONE_; or mail 1708 Cedarwood Road, Milledgeville, GA 31061-2411.]


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If you need to understand a query, say, to fix a bug, you need to be able to look at it and quickly answer some questions:
- how many columns in the result set?
- what are their names?
- what tables are involved in the query?
- what's the join criteria?
So, to enhance understanding speed of comprehension, I like to make my SQL as tabular as possible, especially WRT to the
from clause and the
join criteria. In the select list, I like to use the
column-name = expression syntax as it makes things much more readable. I also omit keywords that are optional in the SQL grammar. There's no point in saying
left outer join' whenleft join
will do: there is no such thing as aleft inner join'.
This isn't very important for trivial queries: if your query is something on the lines of
select * from foo where foo_date between _USER_ and _USER_
it doesn't matter much. But, the bigger and more complicated the queries get, the more important it all becomes. If your query runs to 400 lines long and involves 18 tables with nested subqueries, very complicated join criteria and assorted other ugliness, having well-formatted SQL is very important to your ability to understand the code. This is true even if you're the author of the code in question. When it comes to the ability to create "write once" code, Perl has nothing on SQL.
A lot of years of doing maintenance work on existing, sloppy code has led me to a form that looks something like this:
select column_name = ,
another_column_name = ,
from dbo.some_table t1
left join dbo.another_table t2 on t2.some_table_id = t1.id
join dbo.yet_another_table t3 on t3.id = t2.another_table_id
and exists ( select...
join ( select...
) t4 on t4.id = t3.widget_id
where t1.xxx = t4.yyy
and t2.zzz = ( select count(*)
Gerald Weinberg pointed out back in the early 1970s in his seminal work, The Pyschology of Computer Programming, that the most important language for a computer programmer to know is English, not [insert-the-programming-language-of-choice-here]: the writing and maintenance of computer programs is a social task (something one does with people: the computer is merely a tool). As far as actual source code goes, the compiler doesn't care what it looks like, so long as it parses correctly. However, the people who need to work with that source code do care: they need to be able to grok it.
The human mind likes order: whitespace and tabular column alignment are your friends.


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Statutory Rape: A Guide to State Laws and Reporting Requirements. Statutory Rape — Criminal Offenses
As noted above, few states use the term statutory rape in their codes. Instead, criminal codes specify the legality of specific sexual acts. The applicable laws are often embedded in the section of the code dealing with other sexual offenses (e.g., sexual assault, forcible rape).


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Rural/Urban Counties in North Carolina
Rural: The Rural Center serves 85 of the state's counties. Of these, 80 have an average population density of 250 per square mile or less, as of the 2010 Census. Five rural transitional counties have higher population densities but still retain significant rural characteristics.
Click on the image to enlarge.


Senior Nihal Saxena Garners Presidential Scholars Nomination
Nora Ferro, Staff Writer
Hillsborough High School senior Nihal Saxena was recently nominated for the Presidential Scholars award along with five of his peers. This prestigious award is extremely difficult to obtain and is a display of his hard work and dedication throughout his academic career and in his extracurricular activities.
For being only seventeen years old, Saxena has already accomplished so much in a variety of fields. As Vice President of the school's Robotics team, he is responsible for organizing meetings and leading his peers to reach their common goals. This team has been his favorite part of high school because he has been able to work in a group on mechanical engineering projects and learn more about machinery each year. As one of the team's leaders, Saxena also ran a summer session for incoming freshmen who were interested in joining the team but had trouble determining which technical sub-team they found most appealing.
This past summer, Saxena also participated in an Artificial Intelligence internship with Avira Digital in which over the course of four weeks, he taught a computer how to generate concise and highly accurate representations of lengthy drug summaries for doctors. Starting with a 70-page, technical description of medicine, he had to convert it into a data table of highlights that could be reviewed by a physician during her busy day. Ultimately, medical professionals will be able to rely on Saxena's algorithm to make critical decisions regarding their patients' health. Because of this experience, he later earned the young scientist award of Avira Digital.
Another project Nihal worked on recently was his D3LPHIN iOS application. Since he was unable to continue his volunteer work at a local assisted living during quarantine, Nihal began hosting virtual Zoom Bingo games. This motivated him to apply his computer science skills to develop an iOS app, helping the residents at Brookdale's Memory Care cope with the challenges that Alzheimer's presents. His app, D3LPHIN, was completed during 250+ hours of prolonged coding sessions. It now has various mind-strengthening games and activities for the residents, including a voice-activated, speech-to-text journal. This is one of Nihal's proudest achievements and can be found on the App Store on all Apple devices.
These accomplishments are just some of the reasons why Nihal Saxena deserves this award, and his family, friends, and teachers are excited to see what else he does later in life.


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Volunteer Educational Guide with 5 years experience in Telecommunication industry. Objective: Looking for an exigent role to successfully utilize Electrical, Electronic and Software Engineering skills to attain the Organizational goals and personal carrier growth
Responsilbilities: I have served as volunteer in organization for cooperation in higher education (ocihe) to endow with information and guidance of higher education to students of pakistan..
M.sc In Advance Engineering degree. Coursework: It encompasses a huge variety of technologies like communication engineering, communication media, object oriented programming (java, oop), digital electronic system design (vhdl, fpga), project and quality management, finance and marketing, energy sustainability and environmental management, lean operations and dissertation. / m.sc dissertation: √Ę¬Ä¬úreusable communication blocks√Ę¬Ä¬Ě / a comprehensive presentation of the line coding has been integrated which are applicable to many applications particularly to telephony. the most enviable traits of the line coding were discussed. different types of line coding techniques are introduced with waveforms including there advantages, disadvantages and applications. / project in essence concentrates on the design and development of a receiver for asynchronous digital transmission that decodes a continuous data stream.


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Webber Core Curriculum Fun Sheets – Level Three
is a 104-page reproducible workbook filled with comprehensive language activities to help students learn 100 research-based, core curriculum vocabulary words. These are words students generally need to know in order to succeed in the classroom. The 100 core curriculum words include 25 words each in the areas of language arts, math, science, and social studies.
- Definition Match-Up
- Vocabulary Comprehension
- WH Questions
- Vocabulary in Context
- Phonological Awareness
- Writing Definitions
Classroom teachers, special educators, and speech-language pathologists can use the workbook activities independently or as a companion to the Webber Core Curriculum Vocabulary Cards – Level Three
(Grades 2–5) with a whole or small group, one-on-one during therapy sessions, for homework assignments, or as a simple assessment.


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Power System Relaying is published by Wiley in January 2014. This book has 398 pages in English, ISBN-13 978-_PHONE_.
With emphasis on power system protection from the network operator perspective, this classic textbook explains the fundamentals of relaying and power system phenomena including stability, protection and reliability. The fourth edition brings coverage up-to-date with important advancements in protective relaying due to significant changes in the conventional electric power system that will integrate renewable forms of energy and, in some countries, adoption of the Smart Grid initiative.
New features of the Fourth Edition include:
- an entirely new chapter on protection considerations for renewable energy sources, looking at grid interconnection techniques, codes, protection considerations and practices.
- new concepts in power system protection such as Wide Area Measurement Systems (WAMS) and system integrity protection (SIPS) -how to use WAMS for protection, and SIPS and control with WAMS.
- phasor measurement units (PMU), transmission line current differential, high voltage dead tank circuit breakers, and relays for multi-terminal lines.
- revisions to the Bus Protection Guide IEEE C37.234 (2009) and to the sections on additional protective requirements and restoration.
Used by universities and industry courses throughout the world, Power System Relaying is an essential text for graduate students in electric power engineering and a reference for practising relay and protection engineers who want to be kept up to date with the latest advances in the industry.


When you said the exact exposure that you like, that worries me a bit. Because if you say you use the exact exposure settings on the DSLR that delivers the image that you like on the DSLR then you run into the problem that flying camera is talking about. What I would suggest that to use your DSLR as a spot meter (and not a center weighted or matrix meter). Set the ISO the same as you would if you have a spot meter. Use the aperture and shutter speed indicated as the meter reading. Use that reading as if you got the reading from a spot meter. Since most people don't set the camera exactly the same as the reading on a spot meter you generally shouldn't do that either with the DSLR.


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What have been the main challenges faced by the UK in delivering training and support to the Afghan forces? Lords Committee to hear from former Commander of the British Forces in Afghanistan
Tuesday 3 November 2020
The House of Lords International Relations and Defence Committee will tomorrow question Sandhurst lecturers about the UK's contributions to and challenges faced in training and mentoring the Afghan National Security Forces.
Giving evidence in a virtual session from 10am on Wednesday 2 November 2020 will be:
- Brigadier (Retired) Ian Thomas OBE, former Commander of Operation Toral, Dean of Academic Studies, the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst and;
- Dr Edward R Flint, Head of Department, Defence & International Affairs Department, the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst.
The session can be followed on Parliament TV. Questions will include;
- What are the main elements of NATO's Resolute Support Mission's training for the Afghan National Security Forces (ANSF)? How effective has this mission been?
- Could you please give us an overview of Operation Toral, and the role played by the British military in the Resolute Support Mission? What have been the principal contributions made by the UK?
- What have been the most challenging aspects of delivering training and support to the ANSF through Operation Toral? How have these been addressed by the UK and with NATO partners?
- What lessons has the UK military learned from the experience of training the ANSF, and how have these been integrated into Operation Toral, and lessons learned exercises for other missions?


text:
1. THE LOOKS
2. THE CULTURE
For a start, there's its strange appearance. The wheaten tan of the uncrusty crust. The white, resilient sponge. The zombie-like, yeasty odour. The bleached and puffy crumb. And then you taste it. I hadn't eaten really bad bread for a long time: it sparked whatever bit of my brain looks after Proustian recall. When I was at my dour boarding school, every breaktime the kitchen would send wee lads scurrying round the houses with cheap bread, tubs of margarine and buckets of sugary jam. The hungry teenagers would toast and smear, knock up McCoy's-and-marg sandwiches, wrap slices round Snickers bars – this was Scotland, after all – and listlessly masticate.
Most people carry a vestigial affection for odd bits of foodie trash: American cheese singles sliming on patties, comforting tins of Warhol Campbell's, Pringles that whiff of ancient jockstraps. I reckon the same phenomenon explains a persistent affection for cheap bread. The salty hit of a bacon sarnie becomes a taste of home or a hangover: speckled fat seeping into pocked dough, teeth threshing pink pig. Most Americans were reared on Wonderbread which, incidentally, features along with a dozen other brands in Lady Gaga's video for Telephone. The laval pouch of a toastie has the same appeal for many Brits.
3. THE REASON WHY
The Chorleywood bread process is an industrial process used to lower the cost of bread production. The CBP, or no time method, was developed in 1961 by the British Baking Industries Research Association based at Chorleywood, and is now used to make 80% of the UK's bread. Compared to the older bulk fermentation process, the CBP is able to use lower protein wheat, and produces bread at a much faster rate, with the disadvantage that the bread requires extra processing to enhance the flavour. The process had an important impact in the United Kingdom, as at the time, few domestic wheat varieties were of sufficient quality to make high quality bread products, and it therefore permitted a much greater proportion of low-protein domestic wheat to be used in the grist.
4. THE CHORLEYWOOD PROCESS
The wheat is milled in high speed steel mills at a high temperature. This smashes apart the starches making it easier for the enzymes and improvers to work on the flour but reducing the nutritional value. This process also makes the flour able to absorb more water. So when you buy an 800g loaf of industrial bread, you pay for a higher water content. In fact nearly half of your industrial loaf is water.
This wheat flour is then mixed with water, soya flour, fat, baking aids, ascorbic acid (designate on packaging as E300) and yeast. The mixing arms rotate at about 400 rpm for around five minutes, transferring energy to the dough.
The reactions created by this violent input of energy, assisted by the ascorbic acid, releases the gluten in the wheat very quickly and produces a stiff dough in a small fraction of the time compared to the traditional proving process used at home and in craft bakeries.
An important part of Chorleywood Process is the use of a hard fat. This works with the gluten to create a stiff dough that will rise very quickly and retain its structure during the baking and cooling of the bread. Until recently hydrogenated fats were used because these contain more stable heavy fat molecules, which give the fat a higher melting point.
Recently bad publicity about hydrogenated fats, in particular their implication as a key contributor to heart disease, has created a switch to fractionated fats. These are created from the processing of ordinary vegetable oils to remove the heaviest fatty compounds, usually by cooling the oil to make the heavy fats crystallise. They therefore have the same properties as hydrogenated fats, and may possibly cause similar health problems. Often, when a manufacturer states they no longer use hydrogenated fats, it's likely that they are using fractionated fats instead.
After mixing the dough is poured in bulk and left for a few minutes before processing into tins, or onto trays, where it is left to prove for up to a hour (again, perhaps a half of the time of that used traditionally).
The Chorleywood bread making process uses two or three times the usual amount of yeast compared to traditionally made bread. The extra yeast creates a large volume of gas and in the process a spongy loaf. The proving dough may also be put under a low pressure vacuum to make it rise much faster than if it were at ambient air pressure.
To help the fats bond to the wet flours, emulsifiers are also added to the mix (usually E471 or E472e). In addition a small amount of vinegar is added as a preservative. Finally your industrial bread with its high water content is an ideal breeding ground for moulds, so it is often dosed with an anti-fungal compound.
Primarily because of the milling process, the vitamin content is lower than that of traditional stoneground flour. Accordingly, by law, vitamins are added to the dough mixture to compensate.
5. WHAT WE TEACH OUR CHILDREN
6. THE ADDITIVES
CBP processes may include the following additives, but these additives are not limited to CBP:
- Fat in the form of palm fat or oils, to soften the dough and bread and create a finer cell structure.
- Salt allows yeast to grow while reducing competitive bacterial growth, and affects the flavour.
- Esters of monoglycerides and diglycerides act as emulsifiers and anti-staling agents.
- Calcium propionate inhibits mould.
- Enzymatically active soy flour contains lipoxygenase enzyme that creates whiter crumb.
- Azodicarbonamide is a flour oxidizer, banned in EU, Canada, Japan, Australia and New Zealand, but permitted in the US.
- Ascorbic acid is the most common dough oxidising agent used in the EU, mainly for wholemeal and whole grain breads.
- Gluten provides texture. Added gluten augments the low gluten levels of cheap low-protein wheat.
- Starch enzymes and protein enzymes are used to rapidly break down wheat starches to sugars to feed the yeast and to "mellow" the gluten to allow for reduced mechanical mixing times. Enzymes are also engineered to survive baking temperatures and great variations in pH to impart antistaling and softening qualities to the finished products.
In many countries, enzymes and several other "improvers" are not required to be listed on ingredient labels, as they are considered to be consumed in the baking process.).
Commercial bread making is held to strict government guidelines regarding food production. Further, consumer preferences compel bread producers to maintain a high quality standard of appearance, texture, and flavor. Therefore, quality checks are performed at each step of the production process. Producers employ a variety of taste tests, chemical analyses, and visual observation to ensure quality.
Moisture content is particularly critical. A ratio of 12 to 14% is ideal for the prevention of bacteria growth. However, freshly baked breads have a moisture content as high as 40%. Therefore it is imperative that the bakery plants be kept scrupulously clean. The use of fungicides and ultraviolet light are two popular practices.
8. THE HEALTH CONCERNS
8A. COELIAC DISEASE/ GLUTEN INTOLERANCE
The reactions created by the violent input of energy [of machine-kneading dough at very high speed], assisted by the ascorbic acid, release the gluten in the wheat very quickly and produces a stiff dough in a small fraction of the time compared to the traditional proving process used at home and in craft bakeries. This part of the process is being linked by some people to the increase in Coeliac disease, a serious gluten intolerance.
8B. SEVERAL FORMS OF BOWEL DISEASE
The Chorleywood bread making process uses two or three times the usual amount of yeast compared to traditionally made bread. This large increase in the amount of yeast we consume in our bread is being cited as one possible cause for the growth of yeast intolerance, irritable bowel syndrome and thrush (candidiasis / Candida albicans) disorders over the past few decades.
8C. 'POSSIBLE CANCER'
But there were also the additives. Quite a few of them, in fact. Potassium bromate (now banned in the EU as a possible cancer producer), azodicarbonamide (also banned), L-cysteine hydrochloride, sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate and so on — the list was long.
TO avoid too many frightening chemical names, bread labels were allowed to group the nasties under bland headings such as 'flour treatment agent' and 'emulsifier'.
Some additives were belatedly banned (including the bleaching of flour with chlorine gas in 1999), but new ones filled the gap and, if anything, the list is longer today than 30 years ago. The additives were derived from substances that would never normally form part of the human diet. But we were reassured they were safe — until, that is, scientists told us they weren't.
8D. GUT INFLAMMATION RELATED TO THE TYPE OF WHEAT USED
After World War II, plant breeders developed hybrid strains of wheat that delivered higher yields with intensive applications of artificial nitrogen, herbicides and pesticides.
While aggressively seeking bigger yields and more proteins that form the stretchy gluten in bread dough


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It is also important to know about the different ways a PDF file can be printed because this can affect the final printed output. There are two methods that can be used to print PDF files. The first is the Application/Printer Driver method. As its name implies, the Application/Printer Driver method requires two pieces of software in order to print a PDF file. The Application is software that can open and view the PDF file (e.g. Adobe Acrobat or Adobe Reader). The Printer Driver is software used by the application to convert its documents into a format that can be printed. Both the application and a printer driver are required to print the document.
The second method is called Direct PDF Printing. This method uses an application to submit PDF files directly to the printer. The PDF file is converted in the printer using a PostScript® interpreter or processor. No printer driver is required. (Please note that not all printers support this method.) Knowing the advantages and disadvantages of each method can aid in getting troublesome PDF files to print properly.
Application/Printer Driver Method
If Adobe Acrobat software can open a PDF and it is displayed correctly on the screen, then there is a good chance that the PDF will print correctly. Both Adobe Acrobat software and the printer driver work to convert the document into a language the printer can understand. Adobe Acrobat software and the printer driver handle most of the processing and this occurs on the computer. During this process Adobe Acrobat software also flattens any transparencies in the file. The printer is given a rather complete file that should print correctly. The disadvantage to this method is there is no easy way to handle batch printing of multiple PDF files. But, it is a good fallback when other printing methods fail.
Direct PDF Printing
The major advantage to the direct PDF printing method is its ability to batch print multiple PDF files in one job. However, there are certain caveats to be aware of when using this method. There are many software and printer companies that have written their own interpreters to emulate Adobe PostScript software. Some are better than others. But, even when using true Adobe PostScript 3™ software, there is no guarantee that all PDF files will print correctly. Since Adobe PostScript 3 software can only process specific versions of PDF files submitted using the direct PDF printing method. Not all PDF files are supported, or can be expected to process correctly. As seen in the table below, anything created with Acrobat 7 software or later has the potential to have issues with direct PDF printing. Keep in mind all the third party software applications on the market that create PDF files. Some applications generate PDF files that print without problems; some do not. Some PDF creators even make different types of PDF depending on the content in the drawing. As you can see, there are many different types and versions of PDF files that you may run across.
To learn more about PDF Printing, download the Free PDF Printing Explained White Paper.
Resource Center Home Tips for Printing Adobe PDF Documents


This is pretty simple, in a complex way, when you have your circuit designed, you might want to get it on a PCB and then solder components to it. For instance the UNO board uses a type of chip that allows you to use a socket for the chip, or not. So for instance you design a cool light control system for your bike, then for about $40 you could get the PCB built and then solder your own components to the board. Not easy, but definitely better for the final product since the soldered components will adapt easier to the bike by being smaller.
So if you use the Fritz approach, the Berlin company will take your design and make a board. See the link:
They build the PCBs once a week, so if you submit by May 20, 2014 you will get your circuit shipped on May 28, 2014.
That's it. But if you are going to be part of the Internet of Things, you will need to at least understand the process that is used to build a sensor from start to finish. Remember that there will be a TRILLION sensors in the world by 2030, how old are you? A US/UK Trillion is 1,000,000,000,000 things. Elsewhere a Trillion might be the same or it could be 10,000,000,000,000, but either way that is a lot of opportunity.


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Inkscape and the SVG Working Group
Inkscape can influence the future of the SVG standard. This page serves as a gathering point for ideas on how the standard can be improved to the benefit of Inkscape.
Tavmjong Bah has joined the SVG Working group as an "Invited Expert" to represent the interests of Inkscape. You can contact him through the developer's mailing list or at tavmjong at free.fr. You can also join the meetings yourself (as several Inkscapers did after LGM2010). See the links below.
Please add to this page any problems you have found with the existing standard or what you would like to see in a future standard.
SVG Working Group Links
- Working Group Main Page
- Public-SVG-WG Mail Archives
- WWW-SVG Mail Archives (The true public mailing list).
- Roadmap (out of date, will be updated soon).
Areas of Inkscape Interest
Here are some areas to consider:
Multipage document support
Proposed for SVG 1.2 but dropped.
Creating a standard way to indicate layers. Inkscape uses private attributes.
Currently there is the use element, but there are also elements (gradients and filters) that have their own "cloning" technique, it could be nice to unify these approaches? In particular, either might benefit from some kind of support for "parameters" (being either numerical/textual values or drawable elements).
- A different notion of "closing" a path is needed, as the current one only operates well in the context of straight lines. For example, instead of having z be a command that draws a straight line to the first vertex in the subpath and closes the path, it could be used in place of the last pair of coordinates in a closed subpath. This would only very slightly complicate parsing while allowing for a much more natural operation in the context of curves. Currently a closed path consisting (conceptually) only of cubic beziers HAS to have at least one "closing" segment, this introduces "double" nodes, is more verbose and makes it impossible to have the exact same marker behaviour in paths consisting of straight lines and paths consisting of curves. (Also see this discussion: _URL_
- Diffusion curves.
- Mesh gradients.
Firefox and IE are not working to add support for SVG fonts.
See Firefox discussion at bug 119490.
SVG2.0 may replace SVG fonts by WOFF.
Advantages of WOFF:
- Good for large amounts of text.
- Support for complex scripts (Arabic, Hindi, etc.).
- Lots of available fonts.
Advantages of SVG fonts:
- Good for small amounts of text.
- Easy to create new designs.
- Can animate.
- Use to clip things like video.
See: SVG 1.2 filter module.
- Color space
- The same color space (by default) as the rest of SVG (and only ONE property please). Note that it would make sense to make linearRGB the default everywhere (instead of making filters use sRGB by default as well).
- --Jaspervdg 13:49, 15 June 2010 (UTC) I would prefer them not to have any attributes for margins. Specifically I think the only property of the filter element that should stay is primitiveUnits.
- Primitive subregions
- Are (as far as I, Jasper, know) unused and frankly not that useful. As far as I can tell they're mostly meant as an optimization, but a renderer can do that quite easily (and frankly often still has to). If you want a clipping rectangle or something, then just draw a rectangle and use it to clip a result, if you have a smart renderer it will even automagically behave reasonably efficient in such a case.
- Non-pixel-based convolution.
- (based on a Laplace transform instead of the Z-transform basically). E.g. it would be more logical (at least in some cases) to specify that you want the derivative of an image rather than applying the kernel "1 -1"... (Which has to be given a certain resolution to be meaningful, meaning that you currently can't express resolution-independent convolutions.) In fact, it could make sense to simply remove the current feConvolveMatrix, and/or enable it to function in a resolution independent manner.
- Unification of normal compositing, feBlend, feComposite and feMerge
- (Like in SVG Compositing? And then exposing that in filters in some way?)
- Is enable-background REALLY necessary? There are other ways to solve the same problem, like referencing an element explicitly or allowing filters (and possibly also use elements) with "parameters". There are certain very cool things you can do with enable-background, but it's quite hard to implement correctly because you need to keep track of where the background is used in order to know which part of an object is actually needed. Other options might be less general w.r.t. accessing the "background", but they might be easier to support and allow for much more interesting effects.
- Reusing filters as primitives. (Essentially allowing macro's.)
- A lot of filters could be "optimized" by a renderer. This would be especially helpful for editors and animation-enabled renderers. It might be good to see if some things could be built in to make this easier. I would avoid explicit flags as much as possible (users either won't use them when they could, or use them all the time, negating their usefulness), but the specification might specify some operations that are explicitly permitted for example (like collapsing two feColorMatrix operations).
- Increasing bit depth to reduce artifacts.
--Jaspervdg 16:12, 15 June 2010 (UTC) In general I'd like to stress that SVG filters should (IMO) focus less on a specific implementation and more on the desired effect (and if possible in a "vector-like" way). This makes it less complex to support filters and gives more freedom to an implementation to "do the right thing" in its own way. It's also more friendly towards the user of SVG, as more of the implementation details are hidden. (Obviously it should be possible to implement a filter, but the specification shouldn't prescribe a certain implementation.)
- --Tav: There is a proposal to include a special 'feDropShadow' filter.
- Investigate partial.s cache-ablity


text:
Critical Communication Skills in Negotiation
Coursalytics is an independent platform to find, compare, and book executive courses. Coursalytics is not endorsed by, sponsored by, or otherwise affiliated with Stanford Continuing Studies.Full disclaimer.
Communication is at the heart of effective negotiation. The most skilled negotiators understand the importance of asking good questions; listening to and discovering key issues and interests; and observing, reflecting, and summarizing throughout the conversation to build relationships. They also understand how to frame issues collaboratively, share information persuasively, and balance assertion with listening and curious exploration. Finally, skilled negotiators are able to act as problem-solvers, deliver difficult messages with diplomacy, and manage ineffective or potentially damaging communications by counterpart negotiators in ways that keep negotiations on a productive track. In this workshop, we will discuss, demonstrate, and practice all of these communication skills for enhanced negotiation conversations and meetings.


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text:
History plays role in debate over whether to rename Old Slave Road
By: Sarah Wilson
Nestled in the hilly woods of Wildwood is a road named for its notable black history. Old Slave Road, which dates back to a time in the 19th century when plantation landowners owned black slaves, is little known by many for its historical importance and influences on the existing area.
Since the days of its origin, the area has undergone a natural transition with new homes and residents, yet the street has retained its original name.
But now a few residents have decided it needs to change. Because of its historical significance and the use of the word "slave in the name," some residents felt the name was "inappropriate" and "offensive" in these modern times. Also, because of its name, street signs have been stolen or vandalized where Old Slave Road intersects Wild Horse Creek Road, with costs to the city throughout the years.
So, in the fall of 2012, those residents petitioned for the city of Wildwood to start the process of changing the name.
The question is whether the word "slave" precipitates an insensitive topic that turns heads or simply is an accurate depiction of the area's past.
Karen Fox, the petitioner for the name change, lives on Old Slave Road. She said the road name "is just not the most positive way to communicate the history of the area."
"The reaction from people was usually pretty negative, and it shut people out," Fox said.
So she said residents got together and "agreed that there needs to be a better way."
Fox started doing research on the plantation and found that the developer in 1979 named the road, Old Slave Road.
"And he probably had limited resources and information," Fox said. "He didn't have the names we have now."
Once a deeply eroded road, Old Slave Road was locally known as the "old slave road" and was believed to have been used to reach the plantation owner's home.
In 1837, Reverend Robert Coleman relocated to Missouri from Virginia with his family and 54 slaves to settle a large plantation between Wild Horse Creek and the Missouri River. The family's relatives, the Tylers, came with the Coleman family and brought 52 slaves of their own with them. Each owner purchased land and specialized in hemp production for off-plantation sale.
Coleman died in 1840 and his estate was divided between two of his sons, Robert and William.
Robert acquired the original homestead and operated a similar plantation with 36 slaves. William built a brick mansion and when he died in 1895, divided his acreage among his seven daughters. He gave his house and a 100-acre tract of property to his daughter Nannie, who married Frank Terry and passed the property down to her daughter, Maude. Eventually moving in her husband and his relatives, Maude sold the property in 1952 to Calvin. In 1979, Negley Calvin platted the Spicewood Farms subdivision.
Fox said she found the history of the plantation and its inhabitants fascinating and that renaming the road was a way to "positively commemorate who lived (there)." The trick was choosing the right name, one that honored the area's history and its residents.
"And when you look at all the names in Wildwood, a lot of road names are named after people who lived here," Fox said. "In all the research I've done, I haven't found another road named after a slave."
Choosing the name
Fox said one name that stood out in her research was Elijah Madison, a former slave on the plantation who also served in the Union Army.
It is unknown where Madison was born, but documents show that he was raised on the Coleman plantation.
A slave of Coleman, Madison in 1864 secured his freedom by enlisting in the 68th U.S. Colored Infantry, which formed in March 1864.
Gen. Henry W. Halleck in April ordered the regiment to Memphis to help defend the city. The unit also engaged in battles in Tupelo, Miss., where it successfully fended off Confederate attacks. Then the regiment was ordered to New Orleans and Florida. Later it marched to Alabama to help lay siege to the Confederate stronghold at Fort Blakely. The fort was eventually captured thanks to a network of trenches the 68th had dug, which brought Union troops closer to the fort.
After the war, Madison continued serving in the army until his discharge in 1866. He then returned to the Wildwood area near the Coleman plantation, where he became a successful farmer. He married another former slave, Elizabeth West, and together they had 15 children.
Madison is buried behind the remains of a late 19th-century African-American church and cemetery, known as Mount Pleasant African Baptist Church Cemetery and located along Wild Horse Creek Road.
Coleman's slaves in 1841 built Mount Pleasant, once known as Antioch Baptist Church.
From 1841 until the mid-1860s, slaves owned by the Coleman, Tyler and other families were received or baptized into the church where blacks and whites worshiped together. Eventually a new church building was completed, and by 1869, all the black members met in the Mount Pleasant building and the white members worshiped at the new Antioch Church.
Madison's grave is one of the few marked by headstones benefiting Civil War veterans.
"Elijah lived here until the end of his life," Fox said. "His siblings and descendents also lived here. We just felt like with his name, we really had a strong tie to the entire history of this area and how things changed over the course of when he first was born up until the early 1900s."
Fox said changing the name to reflect the land's history is "a process, and it's moving along."
"We all want to recognize history," Fox said. "So there are different opinions and viewpoints on how to do that. This would be the first road named after an African-American slave in the city of Wildwood and would really recognize the history."
Lynn Martin, chair of Wildwood's Historic Preservation Commission, said a name change would be a "win-win for everyone because I know one of the problems is their street signs keep getting stolen."
But while the name change has support from some citizens it has drawn criticism from others.
Residents who live on Old Slave Road, as well as residents who do not, have voiced their opinions about the name change. However, Martin said it is only the decision of the property owners along the roadway and that other residents have no say in the matter.
"It is not their responsibility, nor their concern, truly," Martin said.
Of trying to get the city involved, Martin said, "That's what they would like to do … make it a city issue and it's not. This is an individual property rights issue and it's a private road."
The property owners maintain the road, however, it is in a platted subdivision, which Martin said is the only reason the issue is coming before the city.
An advocate for the installation of signage that would commemorate the area's history, Martin said she has been fighting for that change since 1999. She said the majority of the Historic Preservation Commission would love to see historical signage.
"People could stop and read the entire history of the area," Martin said.
She reiterated that changing the name of the road would be a "win-win for everybody because (for) the people that are affected by this – it's not they themselves – it's other people that they come in contact with that dislike the name."
The city's ordinance states that the majority of affected property owners can choose to change the name of a road. However, some residents – such as Sally Branson, who also lives on Old Slave Road – are opposed to a name change – and therein lies the struggle.
"Old Slave Road was named after the slaves who worked, lived and died here and are buried in the cemetery, which is directly across the road from our house," Branson said. "I just don't understand what is offensive, and if you don't like the name of the road, why did you buy property on it?
"Charlie (Sally's husband) and I never had any problem with explaining it when someone asked, or when someone was curious about it. We always saw it as an educational possibility and were quick to explain it. "What it always elicited was 'Tell me more.'"
Branson said she always saw the road's name as "a positive rather than a negative."
"So there is tremendous significance to the names here, and having known the Calvins years back, it was very clear that he (Negley) had looked into the history," Branson said. "I have to say we've never had problems with it. Never.
"I've heard it mentioned several times that the name is 'very uncomfortable,' but I don't imagine these slaves were too terribly comfortable for the lives that they had on this earth."
She said Fox "did a pretty remarkable job of fathering all kinds of information," but does not think changing the road to Elijah Madison would do the area's history justice.
"While his history as a slave was absolutely fascinating, and I do not wish to discredit it in any shape or form, he didn't live on the road," Branson said. "He wasn't born here and he's certainly not buried here (in the slave cemetery), and the name of the road is named for the slaves that are buried down there."
Other names that have been suggested are Freedmen, Old Slave Cemetery Road, Madison Valley Lane and Spiceberry Court since Old Slave Road spurs off of Spiceberry Lane.
"Some people think that it should go back to the neighborhood,


This article contains information from later episodes of The Magnus Archives and may contain major spoilers for the setting and plot. Continue at your own risk.
Gertrude Robinson was the Head Archivist of the Magnus Institute before Jonathan Sims. She was directly responsible for thwarting at least five different Rituals and many other paranormal threats.
Description[edit | edit source]
Gertrude is described as "an old woman, probably in her fifties or sixties, wearing reading glasses and grey hair curled into a tight bun."[1] In MAG 162, Timothy Stoker describes her as "like a hundred years old and more cardigan than woman."
Gertrude was ruthless and effective in dealing with monsters and followers of the Entities. Her demonstrations of violence and threats made her feared by many associated with the paranormal. She is noted to not have a strong sense of allegiance to her own entity. She was more concerned with thwarting the people acting on behalf of the entities than with accessing the greater powers.
This ruthlessness also involved being manipulative, hiding her true face from people who were not threats. She also used innocents for her own purposes, such as when she dismembered Jan Kilbride because she required his body to stop a ritual. The Distortion notes that it has "rarely seen anyone so adept at distorting the truth as Gertrude Robinson."[2] Michael Shelley, and likely Gertrude's other assistants, thought she was a "frail old woman" who was "so delicate, so forgetful, yet gently wise," and regarded her with absolute trust and protectiveness. However, as she led him to where she would sacrifice him to stop the Spiral's rituals, he saw that "now she was like iron, and walked with a purpose that Michael had never before seen in her" and her eyes grew "cold."
History[edit | edit source]
Gertrude began working for the Magnus Institute around 1965.[3] She took over the head archivist position from Angus Stacey after he was killed by a creature of masks and smiles that she called "The Grinning Wheel." She had enough knowledge of the truth to be both dangerous and cautious, and this creature was the first to fall at her hands.
She picked Eric Delano and Emma Harvey to be her assistants but also inherited Angus Stacey's last surviving assistant: Fiona Law.
Around 1970, Gertrude began actively working against the Cult of the Lightless Flame, who was using Agnes Montague for the first attempt at a Ritual that she had encountered. She began researching a way to stop them and at some point during or after 1974, she found a tin box containing some of Agnes's hair in the ashes of the house on Hill Top Road.[4] The Web manipulated Gertrude into performing what she believed to be a counter-ritual. She constructed a ritual circle in the Scottish Highlands, but when performed, the ritual allowed The Web to bind Gertrude and Agnes Montague to each other on a metaphysical level.[5] Gertrude maintained the ritual site for years, adding Desolation symbology to ward off negative side effects against herself until it was broken in MAG 37: Burnt Offering. Ultimately, this binding prevented The Desolation's ritual, as Agnes could not fulfil her destiny while bound to Gertrude. The Cult of the Lightless Flame feared that outright killing Gertrude would be catastrophic for Agnes. Therefore, more often than not, the cult ended up protecting Gertrude from agents of other entities as they waited for her to die of old age.[5]
Of her assistants, Gertrude trusted Emma Harvey in particular, unaware of the fact that she was experimenting on Fiona Law's survivability. Her experiments ultimately went too far and Fiona was consumed by the Coffin. Gertrude still did not suspect Emma and hired Michael Shelley to replace Fiona. Eric Delano eventually went missing two years after the birth of Gerard Keay and Gertrude hired Sarah Carpenter to replace him.
Gertrude spent several decades studying the Entities and their servants, preventing any rituals that were attempted. In 1997, she began to track servants of The Flesh, and in 2007, she successfully disrupted their ritual by blowing up their ritual site in Istanbul.[6]
Some time after Elias Bouchard's promotion[7] in 1997, Gertrude became aware of the true secrets of the Magnus Institute: that Jonah Magnus's body was stored in the Panopticon and that Jonah has continued to watch over his Institute by transferring his eyes into different host bodies and acting as Head of the Institute. She hid her knowledge from Elias while working to undermine his plans, with her own plans to eventually remove Jonah Magnus. This involved resisting the use of her Archivist powers (allowing her to remain more human) and letting the Archives fall into disarray through her intentionally chaotic filing system. It took her a decade to learn of the Panopticon's location in Millbank Prison.
Agnes Montague's death in 2006 is not noted to have affected Gertrude.[8]
In 2008, Gertrude and Jan Kilbride travelled to the site of The Buried's ritual in Bucoda, Washington. Gertrude killed and dismembered Jan, throwing his Vast-touched body into the Buried's pit in order to disrupt the ritual.[9]
In July of the same year, Mary Keay visited the Institute to make a statement and to gift Gertrude with Eric Delano's page from the Catalogue of the Trapped Dead.[10] Two weeks later, Gertrude took a statement from the bound Eric and he revealed how to free one's self from the Institute's influence.[11]
At some point after 2008, she stopped The Silence, a ritual of The Lonely, by tipping off a newspaper about Peter Lukas's housing block, 'The Loneliest Building in Britain'.[12]
At some point between 2009 and 2011, she travelled to Sannikov Land in Russia with her assistant, Michael Shelley. She sacrificed Michael to The Distortion in order to stop The Spiral's ritual.[13]
When she returned to the Institute, Gertrude began to suspect Emma Harvey was responsible for the death of Sarah Carpenter and she contacted Agnes Montague to verify her suspicions. The two met briefly for the first and only time. Angered by the truth and with her suspicions confirmed, Gertrude set fire to Emma's home while she slept, with the consent of Elias.[14]
Gertrude collected paranormal artefacts, such as Leitners. "grbookworm1818" was her eBay username.[15]
At some point in or after June 2013, Gertrude Robinson visited The Trophy Room to kill Daniel Rawlings and steal the gorilla skin in order to delay the Unknowing, the ritual of The Stranger.[16] She destroyed the skin by burning it and hid the remains in her secret storage unit.[17] The storage unit also contains some of her encrypted notes, such as research on the Everchase, the ritual of The Hunt.[18]
In 2014, Gertrude travelled to France, Beijing, and New Zealand to research The Unknowing. Gerard Keay accompanied her on some of these trips and they eventually headed to the United Sates together. While in Pittsburgh, Gerard passed away from a brain tumour and Gertrude broke into the morgue to bind him to the Catalogue of the Trapped Dead.
Death[edit | edit source]
In 2015, Gertrude had discovered the location of the Panopticon and planned to remove Jonah Magnus. She planned to survive attacking her own entity by destroying her own eyes to sever her connection. Before she carried out her attempt, she recorded a statement in case of her death, informing whomever would replace her about the powers and their place. She hoped that Sasha James would be the one to replace her.[19]
She planned to distract Elias Bouchard from her action by setting fire to the Magnus Institute, concurrently with The Dark's attempted ritual in March 2015. She was also was testing the theory that it was actually impossible for a ritual to succeed, regardless of her interference. The ritual of the Dark failed, but Elias was not distracted and he confronted Gertrude as she was preparing the fire. After they confirmed to each other that Gertrude knew the truth about Jonah Magnus and was working against him, Elias shot her in the chest, killing her moments before she could set the fire.[7]
Elias reported her as missing on March 15, 2015 and she was presumed dead, with Jonathan Sims becoming the new Head Archivist. Gertrude's body is discovered in the tunnels beneath the Institute during the Prentiss attack on July 29, 2016 by Martin Blackwood.
The exact date of Gertrude Robinson's death is unclear as there are several conflicting accounts:
 - In MAG 11, Oliver Banks details his March 12, 2015 dream in which her death is foretold, suggesting she would die shortly after this date.
 - In MAG 25, Jonathan Sims says, "according to the official file, May 15, 2015 was the day Gertrude Robinson, my predecessor, passed away." Notably, MAG 25 takes place before Gertrude's body is found.
 - MAG 87 is recorded by Gertrude on April 4, 2015, and she sounds recently wounded as she says, "I had hoped I'd have a chance to recover. I can still barely stand." Jonathan Sims remarks that it was recorded


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