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diverse resources, as well as the development of distinctive technologies and the resulting change of the mining intensity. The technological ensembles and mining landscapes are testimonies of the worldwide important technical and scientific achievements made by mining experts in the Ore Mountains in different mining periods.
Criterion (v): The Mining Cultural Landscape Erzgebirge/Krušnohoří is the result of a long-term formation of a spacious area by human activities, which were focused on ore mining and ore processing, closely connected with social, economic and administrative factors of mining and the way of dealing with the natural conditions of the region. The geological characteristics of the ore deposits have crucially determined the way of dealing with the nature in the work processes of mining and metallurgy. Depending on the level of development of mining technologies in specific time periods, the landscape has changed several times. The traces of these changes can be seen in the landscape till today and represent a source of our present-day knowledge of past mining periods. The component parts reflect the successive stages of the development of mining techniques as well as characteristic forms of mining towns and settlements, the specific land-use shaped by mining, and the evidence of human settlement in specific conditions of upland locations with its direct impacts on landscape and culture.
Criterion (vi): The Mining Cultural Landscape Erzgebirge/Krušnohoří represents a region which is directly associated with the culture of an old mining territory as it is not only perceived in Europe but also elsewhere in the world. The serial property represents a mining region which is in a unique way tied to an identity shaped by long lasting and still ongoing mining. Over centuries these mining activities have generated specific artistic, literary and scientific works as well as unique traditions which are still alive and thoroughly maintained. The history of mining is still a defining part of the collective memory of the people in the region. The global impact of the serial property is further illustrated in the development of mining and geosciences which are tangibly linked to the founding of the first major international and still existing mining academy in the world – the Bergakademie Freiberg (1765). This university has for long served as a worldwide center of training of mining experts, which substantially increased the international scientific prestige of the region in the field of mining. The early scientific examinations made by scholars of the Freiberg Bergakademie led to a series of discoveries and developments in mining and metallurgy which were crucial for the development of modern mining sciences and geosciences. The Erzgebirge is worldwide considered as the cradle of mineralogy and geology as well as temporarily the leading training place for international mining experts. This is extraordinary illustrated by the work "De re metallica" (1556) of the Renaissance scholar Georgius Agricola whose work was mainly inspired by the mining culture of the Ore Mountains.
Satements of authenticity and/or integrity
The Mining Cultural Landscape Erzgebirge/Krušnohoří is a continuing cultural landscape in which exceptional evidence of past mining activities has survived in a comprehensive way. It is composed of a series of component parts linked together by a common historical narrative. The component parts of the series including well-preserved remains of mining and mining-related activities were carefully selected so that they bear witness to all important milestones in the history of the nominated serial property and to its outstanding universal value. Each part illustrates a different combination of characteristic attributes and thus contributes to the understanding of the whole property. As a living landscape, some areas have experienced new developments, some buildings have been adapted for continued use and some buildings have disappeared in the course of time but the intactness of the landscape and the authenticity of the remaining structures are still outstanding. The areal extent and number of preserved historical mining infrastructure with authentic traces from medieval time onwards is exceptional. The serial property preserved a completely unique and authentic character with clearly evident remains of mining activities. The nominated properties of the series benefit from legal protection.
Comparison with other similar properties
The comparison concentrates on the three attributes of the serial property – time depth, diversity of mineral resources and cultural facets – and their distinctive combinations which are characteristic for the individual component parts. It also takes into consideration the specific thematic features of the region like its transboundary nature, which is so far unique in the context of mining world heritage as well as the global influence of the region in the field of mining and geosciences.
Although there are some sites on the World Heritage and National Tentative lists directly associated with mining, most of these sites are not comparable with the nominated property because of their completely different time horizon and their belonging to a different geo-cultural area without any correlation to the Central European mining landscapes. The majority of the compared sites do not document the transformation of a landscape and the evolution of a culture strongly influenced by mining in such a coherent way like the nominated property. Although they document important aspects of mining, they hardly have a comparable range of attributes. The main attribute of most sites is based on a single aspect. Only a small selection of sites such as the network of mining installations in Goslar, Rammelsberg and the Upper Harz region has an almost similar complex approach with differing components. But they differ either in time-scale or in completeness still allowing only a limited insight into the complexity of a mining region.
To summarize, there is no comparable World Heritage Site or otherwise known property providing such a comprehensive insight into a miner's world like the Mining Cultural Landscape Erzgebirge/Krušnohoří. The nominated serial property is not limited to the technological aspects but also covers social, cultural, economic and environmental aspects. The transformation process of a landscape exclusively formed by mining and its impacts on the environment can be traced here from the very beginning in the 12th up to the 21st century.
Justification of the selection of the component part(s) in relation to the future nomination as a whole:
The spatial arrangement of deposits and historically significant mining areas in the Ore Mountains requires a serial approach. The 13 separate component parts are necessary to illustrate all important characteristics of the mining and cultural landscape in space and time. The nominated properties of the component parts reflect a distinctive combination of specific attributes. Their selection was made in such a way that they cover all a distinctive combination of these attributes and fulfil the criteria of authenticity and integrity. Each component part is telling a peculiar chapter of the origin and development of a coherent mining region. All component parts are culturally, historically, socially and functionally linked. The boundaries of the components were chosen so that the individual objects and ensembles which constitute the component parts display completely and sufficiently all values necessary for the justification of the outstanding universal value. The Mining Culture Landscape Erzgebirge/Krušnohoří thus represents a series of several carefully selected unique locations that cover historically the most significant landscape units and most valuable monuments.


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ABSTRACT: It is well known that to improve the feeding of the students it would improve its health and wellbeing, contributing to the reduction of the risk of chronic diseases in adults. In Spain, this is especially important considering the data of prevalence of infantile obesity.
To know the number of users of school cafeterias in Spain as well as different considerations on its management, nutritional supervision and the number of special diets served to students with specific requirements due to pathologies or other causes.
The II national Survey has been realized on school cafeterias: 7,710 used daily by 678,587 users. They provide near the 2.8% of special diets (allergies 38.9%, other pathologies 23.2%, religious causes 26.7% causes and celiac disease 11.1%).
The numbers of prevalence of obesity and infantile overweight indicate that it is necessary to improve the diet of the students.
Nutricion hospitalaria: organo oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Nutricion Parenteral y Enteral 02/2012; 27(1):252-5. · 1.12 Impact Factor

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Visual Prolog compiler is a successor of the Turbo Prolog compiler created in 1980s that was the first Prolog compiler. Since that time the Prolog Development Center has been developing and improving its compiler. Currently Visual Prolog compiler is a powerful and efficient compiler that can create object files for creating standalone executables or DLLs, resolve cross references among declarations, validate predicate mode, perform powerful type checking, validate facts initialization in constructors, perform predicate resolution. Download Visual Prolog.
Strawberry Prolog is used mainly in the education. This compiler is very close to ISO-Prolog syntax but it has many extensions which are not part from the standard. For example, in Strawberry Prolog you can find global variables, arrays, objects and many predicates which are specific only for this compiler. The main idea of Strawberry Prolog is to be very easy for use. That is why it includes Development environment, visual debugger and free Light edition. Download Strawberry Prolog.
When learning prolog, it's always a good idea to use more than one text. Viewing a subject from more than one perspective can help to clarify it. These are only some of the free prolog tutorials out there.
- Prolog programming language by faiz ul haque zeya.
- Learn Prolog Now! A full introduction to Prolog, including DCG's.
- James Power's Prolog Tutorial (with edits from Alex Monaghan)
- Fundamental Prolog Tutorial
- Visual Prolog for Tyros
- Strawberry Prolog Help, online help
- Strawberry Prolog Tutorial by Dimitar Gelev
- Prolog And Natural Language Analysis (©) PDF
- An Introduction to Logic Programming through Prolog (©) PS\PDF
Advanced exercises can be found on the Prolog Programming Contests' website.
Other texts on Prolog
Prolog programming for AI - Ivan Bradko _URL_


Project Details
Historically, the English Channel population of the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis was considered a non-target species for commercial fishers with low values and insignificant effort expressed on the stock. Nowadays, the cuttlefish fishery is an important component of the activities within the Hastings fleet. The seasonal fishery has an annual average of 41 tonnes worth £70,375 landed to Hastings.
In the Sussex IFCA District, mature cuttlefish are targeted by artisanal fisheries. The fishery is managed under an IFCA Shellfish Permit Byelaw. A lack of control measures for the offshore fisheries targeting cuttlefish and an increase in the market value has led to increased exploitation of the over wintering population.
This project aims to investigate the present state of the cuttlefish stock in the English Channel and develop recommendations to increase sustainability by increasing egg survival post-fishing effort. The University of Brighton is responsible for WP3: Assessing the survival rate and egg quality under natural and laboratory conditions
Project targets:
-Estimate the survival rate of eggs removed from egg receptors and returned to the sea (lab experiments)
-Use biochemical and histological analyses to infer information on the size, age, and brood condition of maternal cuttlefish and suggest the impact this may have on the fitness of any ensuing offspring
-Dissemination of results (seminar)
Benefit: An improved understanding of the breeding cycles of cuttlefish within the English Channel. Elucidate the impacts on cuttlefish recruitment of returning egg masses to sea.
Layman's description
Short titleENG2755 MMO
Effective start/end date1/05/1829/03/19
 - European Commission


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WSE Curriculum and Technology Night
Mrs. Lynn Nestor's first grade class used Flip video cameras to record each other's animal reports. The students worked together to operate the cameras and record their speeches. They also created visual aids to serve as the background.
Mrs. Susan Knight's third grade class used Photo Booth to record their food nutrition projects. First, they created Wordles to serve as the background. The class then wrote scripts to educate each other about different food groups and nutrition.
Mr. Chris Adam's fifth grade class used Keynote to record and symbolize poetry. The students selected their favorite poem to read and found pictures to symbolize the poem as they recited it.
Thanks to our computer technician, Mr. Matt Ritter and our Instructional Coach, Mrs. Jane Brennan, for working with the teachers and students to create such great projects!

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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As volunteers in Kiwanis we support children by being a guiding light through mentorship. When we involve youth in our service projects, we teach them the value of helping others. We reinforce the importance of our mission. We empower them through action, that they can change their world.
Our role in building Service Leadership Programs is to develop future leaders. We believe that through our direction, we can influence children to become strong leaders as teens, and valuable contributors to our communities as they become adults.
It is heartbreaking to see a child lost in substance use. The destruction of the family unit fighting to save their child, and unable to find a solution. It emphasizes the importance of Kiwanis and what we do to prevent children from taking this path, the value of our SLP's to teach them resiliency skills leading to a better life.
Through our work in Kiwanis we truly "improve the world one child and one community at a time." I am proud of the work we have done this year. Kiwanis Division 42 is a significant force supporting and sometimes changing and saving lives. Stay the course and be a member of action and a contributor to our cause.
In my career I work with children and families experiencing challenges. Some teens are having tremendous challenges navigating the tide of adolescents. They find they are in waters riddled with mines. If they choose to drink alcohol and smoke marijuana they are accepted. If they follow the rules and stay clean of substances, while they are praised by their parents, they often feel left out by their peers.


Does salt water take longer to boil?
In fact, adding salt does the very opposite of making water boil faster. Instead, it makes it take longer for the water to boil! The salt actually increases the boiling point of the water, which is when the tendency for the water to evaporate is greater than the tendency for it to remain a liquid on a molecular level.
Why does salt water take longer to boil?
How long does it take to boil salt water?
If you have collected water from the ocean, boil it for five minutes to kill the microscopic life in the water. Taste the salt water. It is not necessary to drink any of it. You may spit it out after tasting.
How do you speed up boiling water?
Kitchen Tip: How to Boil Water Faster
 3. Only use the amount of water that you really need. …
 4. Cover your pot.
IT IS INTERESTING: How do you boil oysters?
3 июл. 2012 г.
Does salt water heat faster than freshwater?
The higher the heat capacity the more slowly the water will heat, given the same amount of energy added. The heat capacity of freshwater is 4.182 J/(g K) and the heat capacity of salt water is 3.993 J/(g K). Therefore saltwater will heat up faster than freshwater.
Does water boil faster with sugar?
Salt raises the boiling point of water.
Dissolved solids like salt and sugar will in fact increase the boiling point of water, causing it to come to a boil more slowly, but the effect is minimal (the amounts normally used in cooking effect less than a 1 degree change).
Why does water boil faster with a lid?
Does covering the pot really make water boil faster? When you heat water in an open pot, some of the energy that could be raising the temperature of the liquid escapes with the vapor. Covering the pot prevents water vapor from escaping, enabling the temperature to rise more quickly. …
What happens if you boil salt water?
Thermal distillation involves heat: Boiling water turns it into vapor—leaving the salt behind—that is collected and condensed back into water by cooling it down. The most common type of membrane separation is called reverse osmosis. Seawater is forced through a semipermeable membrane that separates salt from water.
Why is drinking salt water harmful?
IT IS INTERESTING: Can I cook Tater Tots on parchment paper?
What makes water boil?
When a liquid reaches its boiling point bubbles of gas form in it which rise into the surface and burst into the air. This process is called boiling. If the boiling liquid is heated more strongly the temperature does not rise but the liquid boils more quickly.
Can boiled water go bad?
Can you use hot water to boil?
If you didn't realize this, you're not alone. Hot water systems like tanks and boilers contain metallic parts that corrode as time goes by, contaminating the water. Hot water also dissolves contaminants in pipes faster than cold water. And no, boiling the water does not make those contaminants (like lead) go away.
Should you cover boiling potatoes?
Once boiling, reduce the heat to a bare simmer. Do not cover. (Covering changes the environment in the pot and can make the potatoes turn mushy.) The potatoes are done when tender.
Should I add salt to my water?
While drinking salt water may be better at hydrating you than drinking normal water, it still falls short of optimal hydration. Some electrolytes aren't present in salt water. In fact, by drinking salt water you're only replenishing sodium chloride, and not any of the other essential electrolytes.
How long does it take for water to boil?
IT IS INTERESTING: How long do you boil frankfurts for?


differentiate between the xylem and phloem.
Asked by | 22nd Aug, 2008, 08:12: PM
Expert Answer:
Xylem conducts water and minerals from roots to upper parts of the plant body whereas phloem transports the prepared food from leaves to other parts of the body.
Xylem consists mainly of dead elements whereas phloem consists of living tissue.
Xylem is made up of vessels, tracheids, xylem parenchyma and xylem fibres. Phloem is made up of sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem parenchyma and phloem fibres.
Answered by | 22nd Aug, 2008, 10:22: PM


text: This course is an 8 hours primer on sequence alignments. Its goal is to present an overview of the basic concepts of sequence alignments and some of their applications. The first two hours will be dedicated to molecular evolution. We will focus on the implications of molecular evolution on sequence variation. We will use these concepts to define homology. We will then see how specific mathematical models (the substitution matrices) have been derived in order to quantify the evolutionary relationship between sequences. The next two hours will be used to introduce the Needleman and Wunsch algorithm (Dynamic programming), a very basic algorithm that makes it possible to derive pairwise alignments from the sequences while using the substitution matrices. Over the following 2 hours, we will see how these pairwise alignment methods can be applied to database searches and we will develop the main concepts behind the BLAST algorithm. I will finally introduce the notion of multiple sequence alignment and show how a group of related sequences can be compared in order to infer common properties. We will then see the main principles behins two multiple sequence alignment package: ClustalW and T-Coffee.


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Stock up for Back to School on ETSY!
Welcome to Move It! Alphabet. Please join us as we explore moving and learning one letter at a time. Body awareness, balance and coordination come alive with guided coaching cues. Share your experiences with us on Facebook and Instagram on our links below.
Move It! Alphabet interactive activities for home, a classroom or a childcare setting.
Young children ages 3-4
Moving and learning are fun!
We hope these Move It! Alphabet letters and activities provide you and your family, friends or students with lots of fun! Our goal is to enhance each child's understanding of how we move and learn.


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Haynes, Roger (1995) Infrared fibres in astronomical instrumentation. Doctoral thesis, Durham University.
For several years multi-object spectroscopy systems have been available for carrying out survey work in the visible region, but until very recently there has not been a system for the near infrared region. This thesis describes the design, manufacture and commissioning of the first multi-object fibre system for near infrared spectroscopy. SMIRFS (Spectroscopic Multi-object Infrared Fibre System) is a prototype system that has been designed at the Department of Physics in Durham to couple the Cassegrain focus of the United Kingdom InfraRed Telescope (UKIRT) to a cooled long slit infrared spectrograph (CGS4). Two different fibre bundles are available, each containing 14 fibres. One bundle is made from zirconium fluoride fibres, for K band spectroscopy and the second bundle is made from silica fibres, for J and H band spectroscopy. During the design process of SMIRFS a number of issues were addressed. These included; the characteristics of infrared fibres, in particular their throughput and FRD, atmospheric features in the near infra-red and suitable sky subtraction techniques, fibre preparation and evaluation, the use of microlenses for coupling slow focal ratio beams with fibres, and the thermal emissions from the warm material of the instrument. These, along with the design, manufacture and testing of the SMIRFS are described in detail, including the fibre evaluation results and estimates for throughput, instrument thermal background derived from the commissioning run data. Finally, there is a brief discussion on the development of infrared fibre system for astronomy.
|Item Type:||Thesis (Doctoral)|
|Award:||Doctor of Philosophy|
|Copyright:||Copyright of this thesis is held by the author|
|Deposited On:||24 Oct 2012 15:11|


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You are here
Fossil Finds Toolbox
Check out some of the Museum¹s latest fossil discoveries. See casts of Utah-finds like the Allosaurus, Ceratops, Falcarious, T-Rex, and more.
What's in the Fossil Finds Toolbox?
Top Layer Specimens: Allosaurus jaw, Crocodile scute, Hadrosaur toebone, Falcarious hand, Turtle shell (Cretaceous)
Bottom Layer Specimens: Allosaurus finger, Camarasaurus tooth, Tyrannosaurus Rex tooth, Utah Ceratops jaw, Hadrosaur longbone with signs of predation
Books: Bones Rock by Larsen, Eyewitness Fossils, Dinosaurs of Utah by Bagley, Digging up Dinos by Aliki, If You Are a Hunter of Fossils by Baylor and Parnall, Specimen Information (articles about the different specimens)
Other Resources: A Fossil's Journey: Natural History Museum of Utah DVD (10 minutes), 20 hand lenses
Teaching Toolboxes include revelant curriculum tied to Utah State Core Curriculum Standards.


Blossom and Grow
Sharon Gannon and David Life, creators of the Jivamukti Yoga method, place compassion first and foremost in their teaching. "We see yoga as a path to enlightenment by being compassionate to all beings," says Gannon. It's no wonder then, that they relate the following poses with being kind and compassionate. "In this sequence we embrace our sexual and creative partnerships and let go of blame. We remember our intention to bring liberation to others."
The hip-opening and twisting poses activate the second and third chakras, respectively, helping to free energy in those areas, and move it up the spine so that, as Gannon says, "you can give back to others in creative ways." At the peak of the sequence you embody a luminous lotus flower emerging from muddy water. In yogic lore, the lotus is a metaphor for how past experiences can be used as fertile soil for blooming into a more awakened soul. "We can all be like Martin Luther King Jr. or Julia Butterfly Hill," says Gannon. "You can embody that awakened state of spiritual activation and really send compassion into the world."
Before You Begin
Jivamukti classes typically begin with a chant such as this one:
Lokah Samasta
Sukinoh Bhavantu
May all beings everywhere be happy and free, and may the thoughts, words, and actions of my own life contribute to happiness and freedom for all.
Prepare Your Body
Prepare for this sequence with flowing Sun Salutations and standing poses. Then do seated poses and twists such as Ardha Matsyendrasana (Half Lord of the Fishes Pose), Paschimottanasana (Seated Forward Bend), and Upavistha Konasana (Wide-Angle Seated Forward Bend).
Home Practice Sequence by Sharon Gannon
Baddha Konasana (Bound Angle Pose)
Begin in Baddha Konasana. Bend the knees and press the soles of the feet together. Reach down and press your thumbs into the soles of your feet, opening them up like a book. Take your gaze up toward the sky and breathe deeply as you open your hips for 5 breaths.
Vikasitakamalasana (Blossoming Lotus Pose), preparation
Sit firmly on the ground and spread your legs wide. Bend your knees and brace the outsides of both feet against the floor. Hold on to the ankles or shins. Take your awareness to the lowest part of your spine, and with an inhalation extend up. Fix your gaze on a steady point on the horizon and stay for 5 to 10 breaths.
Parivrtta Vikasitakamalasana (Revolved Blossoming Lotus Pose), preparation
Exhale as you lean forward, placing your left shoulder in front of your left thigh. Thread your left arm under your left thigh and place it on the floor behind you. Inhale as you reach your right arm up and gaze toward your right thumb.
Parivrtta Vikasitakamalasana (Revolved Blossoming Lotus Pose)
Bend your left elbow and reach your left hand up near the small of your back. Reach your right arm behind your back. Grasp your right wrist with your left hand. Stay for 5 breaths, gazing over your right shoulder.
Parivrtta Vikasitakamalasana II (Revolved Blossoming Lotus Pose II)
From there, press your right palm down firmly into the floor as you turn the chest open to the right. Keep both sitting bones firmly on the ground as you twist in your upper spine. Stay for 8 breaths.
Vikasitakamalasana (Blossoming Lotus Pose)
From Baddha Konasana, inhale and lift both feet off the floor, keeping your heels pressed together. Exhale as you thread both arms under your knees. Inhale as you join each thumb and forefinger together. Open your chest, lift your heart, and take your gaze up toward the heavens. Hold for 5 breaths.
Utthita Vikasitakamalasana (Extended Blossoming Lotus Pose)
Exhale as you release your arms from under your knees. With your first two fingers grab your big toes and on an inhalation extend both legs up and into a straddle. Gaze
up toward the heavens as you stay for 5 breaths.
Vikasitakamalasana (Blossoming Lotus Pose), preparation
Return to the Blossoming Lotus preparation and observe any transformations that have occurred in your body and mind as you take 5 deep breaths.
Baddha Konasana (Bound Angle Pose)
Finish the sequence by coming back to Baddha Konasana. After 5 to 10 deep breaths, repeat the whole sequence, twisting to the other side.
After You Finish
Go Upside Down
Move into Supported Shoulderstand and stay for up to 20 breaths, unless you feel any neck pain. From Shoulderstand, transition to Plow Pose for 5 to 10 breaths. Both poses stimulate the fifth, or throat, chakrathe visuddha (purification)to help you express yourself creatively.


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The primary objective of this work is to give the reader an understanding of stress wave behaviour while taking into account the dynamic constitutive equations of elastic-plastic solids. The author has combined a'materials characteristics' approach with a'singularity surface' approach in this work, which readers will find to be a novel and unique route to solving their problems.
Practicing engineers and researchers studying impact engineering, non-destructive testing and evaluation, earthquake engineering, and other areas related to stress waves.
Foundations of Stress Waves, 1st Edition
Chapter 1. Introduction
Chapter 2. Elementary Theory of One-Dimensional Stress Waves in Bars
Chapter 3. Interaction of Elastic Longitudinal Waves
Chapter 4. Interaction of Elastic-Plastic Longitudinal Waves in Bars
Chapter 5. Rigid Unloading Approximation
Chapter 6. One-Dimensional Visco-Elastic Waves and Elastic-Visco-Plastic Waves
Chapter 7. One-Dimensional Strain Plane Waves
Chapter 8. Spherical Waves and Cylindrical Waves
Chapter 9. Elastic Plastic Waves Propagating in Flexible Strings
Chapter 10. Elastic Plastic Waves Propagating in Beams under Transverse Impact (Bending Wave Theory)
Chapter 11. General Theory for Linear Elastic Waves
Chapter 12. Numerical Methods for Stress Wave Propagation


Understanding images: Part 1 – The basics
Theresa Estrada, a program manager on the Word team, writes today about the basics of working with graphic objects–shapes, text boxes, pictures, and more. This is the first of a series of posts about graphic objects.
Figures, also called graphic objects, can add a ton of pizazz to a document, but they don't always behave the way you might expect, which can be incredibly frustrating. With a little behind-the-scenes information, you can put your figures in their place.
The basics
What do I mean when I say "figure"? A figure is any type of graphic object that you can insert in a document, except for tables. That includes shapes, text boxes, pictures, clip art, charts, SmartArt, and WordArt.
In terms of how figures behave in your document, there are two basic types:
 - Inline with text
 - Floating
You can change a figure's behavior by using the Wrap Text menu in the Arrange section on the Format tab, which appears when you select the figure:
Wrap text menu on Format tab
Figures that use the Square, Tight, Through, Top and Bottom, Behind Text, or In Front of Text wrapping style are all considered floating. So how do you know which option to use?
Inline figures
In line with text, or inline, is the default behavior for pictures, clip art, charts, and SmartArt. When a figure is inline, it is treated exactly the same as any other character in the document. For example, if you insert a picture like the cute dog below, it has to actually be on a line. The line's height increases to accommodate the picture, and the picture moves with the text around it. The figure will respect any formatting applied to the paragraph it is in, such as aligning the paragraph in the center of the page.
Puppy with rubber duck by Fotolia at
Inline figures' behavior is familiar and predictable, but the downside is that they are tied to the lines of text. This means you can't position them in many places on the page without resorting to fancy layout tricks. These figures don't usually look integrated with the document, since the text doesn't wrap around them. Finally, there is no way to force an inline figure to stay in a specific location.
Floating figures
Enter the floating figure, which is the default behavior for shapes and text boxes. The big difference between inline figures and floating figures is that floating figures are inserted on a separate drawing layer. Anything in the drawing layer "floats" independently of text, which means you can position a floating figure almost anywhere. These figures can have text wrapping around them or be positioned in front of or behind text. Text wrapping can help integrate a figure with the rest of your content, as you can see from the dog picture in this example:
Photo inserted in text as floating figure; Puppy with rubber duck by Fotolia at
Floating figures are incredibly flexible in how they can be positioned, and they solve most of the problems related to inline figures. However, this flexibility can sometimes lead to surprising results.
Looking ahead
I'll spend the next few blog posts demystifying the options related to floating figures, including:
 - How to wrap text around your figures in a variety of ways.
 - Why your figures sometimes jump to new locations (and how to prevent that from happening!).
 - Quick ways to get figures to align with each other (and stay aligned).
– Theresa Estrada is a program manager on the Word team who spends most of her days (and some nights) studying how users work with figures in their documents.


text:
speech for student election sample
Free sample student council speech: student council, Hello. my name is george robins, and i am the candidate for the student council representative. last year members of the student council did a great job by adjusting. Sample inspirational speech: student of the year nomination, Student of the year nomination. speech guru provides inspirational speech writing services at all levels. information on different types of speeches, presentation. How to write a speech for school elections (with sample, Expert reviewed. how to write a speech for school elections. four parts: crafting your message structuring your speech preparing for delivery sample speeches.
President speech sample free essays - studymode, Essays - largest database of quality sample essays and research papers on president speech sample.


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Vrådal pluton (967 ± 4 ma) is one of several undeformed Sveconorwegian granitic plutons that intruded the South Telemark Gneiss (ca. 1210 ma) in southern Norway (Sylvester, 1964; 1998; Andersen et al., 2001; 2007). It is a nearly circular pluton, 6 km in diameter, with a central core, about 4 km in diameter, of white and pink granodiorite surrounded originally by a _PHONE_ m-wide shell of mafic granodiorite. K-feldspar megacrysts, 2- 5 cm long and strongly oriented concentric to the pluton margin, grew metasomatically in the mafic granodiorite, converting it into megacrystic granite. Irregular masses of hybridized diabase comprise 25% of the pluton. Contacts among the rock facies are gradational over meters to tens of meters.
Modes of the granitic rocks are as follows: core granodiorite has 40% plagioclase, 35% microcline, 20% quartz, and 5 % biotite; outer shell megacrystic granite has 30% plagioclase, 35% microcline, 25% quartz, and 5% biotite; and mafic granodiorite has 45% plagioclase, 10% microcline, 15 % quartz, 10% hornblende, and 20% biotite and chlorite. Anhedral titanite and magnetite are so abundant that the pluton constitutes a significant regional magnetic anomaly (Sylvester, 1998).
Thin section petrography reveals that K-feldspar slightly to completely replaced plagioclase in the outer shell mafic granodiorite, commonly outward from the plagioclase cores. Myrmekite is locally present. Hornblende and biotite were replaced by quartz, so that the quartz mode increased from 15 to 25%, but some biotite (5%) remains in the megacrystic granite. Ghost plagioclase zoning is preserved in K-feldspar of partly replaced plagioclase crystals. One plane of the microcline grid twinning typically parallels the Carlsbad/albite twinning of the plagioclase. Some megacrysts have secondary oligoclase mantles.
Relic plagioclase in the megacrystic granite is partly to intensely micro-fractured, caused, we infer, by synplutonic cataclastic deformation when the pluton's core continued to rise diapirically relative to its almost solidified outer shell. The microfractures were loci of, and pathways for, pervasive fluids containing Si that wholly replaced hornblende as quartz and K that partially and wholly replaced plagioclase to form K-feldspar. Because the K-feldspar megacrysts are 2-4 times larger than the replaced plagioclase, they subsequently grew beyond the boundaries of the original plagioclase and enclosed groundmass minerals. They inherited their concentric preferred orientation from the magmatic flow fabric of primary plagioclase in the mafic granodiorite.
Some K for K-feldspar megacrysts came from the breakdown of biotite in the mafic granodiorite, but much K must have come from breakdown of older, felsic, metaigneous rocks in the pluton's source region. Ca released from replaced plagioclase went into titanite. Excess Fe was precipitated in magnetite. Excess Ca and Mg were subtracted from the system.


10 Brilliant Ways to Use Boiling Water Around Your Home
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Maybe you can't whip up a perfect soufflé, but no matter what kind of kitchen skills you do (or don't) have, you can boil water. Though it sounds too simple to be true, boiling water can help you clear your skin, improve your garden, fix your tarnished silver and even sleep better at night. Time to put on the kettle!
Image Credit: Eugenio Marongiu/Cultura/GettyImages
1. Give Yourself a Home Facial
If you've ever had a professional facial, you know that estheticians often use steam to hydrate the skin and help it absorb products. Recreate that at home with a big bowl of freshly boiled water. As the water steams, place a towel over your head and lower your face to about 12 inches above the water (or more if the steam is too hot). Relax for about 10 minutes and then apply moisturizer.
Image Credit: Cathérine/Moment/GettyImages
2. Make Microwave Cleanup Easier
It doesn't matter who made a mess of the microwave; it only matters that someone cleans it. Boiling water in the microwave creates steam that loosens anything baked onto the walls. Put a few cups of water and some lemon slices in a microwave-safe bowl and heat it on high until the water boils. This should take a few minutes depending on how much water you use. Let it cool for a few minutes and then carefully remove the bowl and wipe down the inside of the microwave.
Image Credit: AndreyPopov/iStock/GettyImages
3. Kill Yard Weeds
It's not always the most effective way to deal with problematic weeds in your yard, but it's worth trying boiling water before moving on to products laden with chemicals. The most important thing to consider when killing weeds with boiling water is how to transport the water from your kitchen to your yard without burning yourself or anyone else. It's better to make multiple trips with small amounts of water than to try carrying a heavy pot through the house.
Image Credit: cjp/E+/GettyImages
4. Clear Your Drains
Boiling water may not be enough to tackle really serious problems, but with a clogged sink drain, there's no harm in trying boiling water before buying expensive drain cleaner. Make sure there's no standing water in the sink and then slowly pour a kettle of boiling water down the sink. This may be enough to sweep away minor clogs.
Image Credit: deepblue4you/E+/GettyImages
5. Use a Hot-Water Bottle
Hot-water bottles have fallen out of fashion, which is a shame. The first time you climb into bed on a cold night and curl your feet around a soft hot-water bottle, you'll be a true believer. Hot-water bottles usually hold around 2 liters of boiling water. The best part is choosing a cozy cover for yours. There are knit and fleece options available.
Image Credit: bymandesigns/iStock/GettyImages
6. Remove Lime Scale Buildup on Kettles
You can use a kettle to boil water, but over time, lime scale builds up and creates a chalky appearance and unpleasant taste. The solution? Boil more water – but this time with either lemon juice or vinegar added. Fill the kettle halfway with water and the juice of one lemon or with a half-and-half mix of water and vinegar. Set the kettle to boil, let the kettle sit until the water is completely cooled and wipe down the inside. Boil a few more kettles of plain water to remove any lingering vinegar taste.
Image Credit: Irina Tiumentseva/iStock/GettyImages
7. Make Silver Shine
A quick dip in some boiling water is enough to bring your tarnished silverware back to life. This hack works to polish any kind of real silver items you have. Start by putting a layer of aluminum foil in the bottom of a large glass pan. Place the silver on the foil, sprinkle on some baking soda and carefully pour in enough boiling water to cover the silver. Let the water cool and buff the silver pieces with a clean rag.
Image Credit: Catherine Falls Commercial/Moment/GettyImages
8. Clean a Greasy Stove Hood Filter
Cleaning the filter in the hood over your stove is probably not on your list of weekly chores. In fact, you may have done it exactly zero times. Depending on your model, the hood's filter should slide or pop out pretty easily. Warm water won't cut through all the greasy residue that will probably be clinging to the filter, so soak the filter in boiling water with dish detergent for 20 minutes before scrubbing it clean with a brush.
Image Credit: fizkes/iStock/GettyImages
9. Cover Unpleasant Odors
You know how a bubbling pot of sauce makes the entire house smell like onions and garlic? Boiling something amplifies its odor, which can be useful if you're trying to cover some other unpleasant smell, like microwaved fish. Set a pot of boiling water on the stove with lemon slices and peels, a few whole nutmegs and a few cinnamon sticks. Let it simmer (supervised) until the water is nearly gone.
Image Credit: deepblue4you/iStock/GettyImages
10. Try Your Hand at Canning
If you've never tried canning foods before, you may want to give it a try the next time you find yourself with more fresh produce than you can eat. Canning may be easier than you might realize and doesn't require a lot of special supplies when you use the water bath method. Submerging the sealed jars in boiling water kills bacteria, forces air out of the jars and creates a vacuum seal that makes canned food shelf stable.
Image Credit: GMVozd/E+/GettyImages


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More Disaster in Store for Haiti: Tomas Increases Landslide Risk
A satellite image of Tropical Storm Tomas this morning (Nov. 4) as it heads for Haiti. Residents are bracing for violent weather, which could cause landslides.
Tropical Storm Tomas is heading toward Haiti, and forecasters are predicting heavy rains for the earthquake-ravaged island nation. The heavy rainfall could trigger dangerous landslides in a country still reeling from a string of disasters.
"Haiti has a really serious history of big landslides, almost all of them caused by tropical storm or hurricane rainfall," said geologist David Petley, the Wilson Professor of Hazard and Risk at Durham University in England.
Petley said the 7.0-magnitude earthquake that struck the impoverished nation in January has only increased the risk of landslides in a country where such disasters have killed thousands in the past. The earthquake itself triggered landslides that generated small, local tsunamis.
The violent shaking of the ground during an earthquake loosens the soil, Petley told OurAmazingPlanet, so the first intense rainfall can, in turn, weaken the soil further, until the ground finally succumbs to the pull of gravity, sending massive flows of debris roaring down hillsides and slopes.
The latest update from the National Hurricane Center (NHC) in Miami, Fla., places Tomas on a path just to Haiti's west, but even though the center of the storm may not pass over the country, the weather is likely to turn ugly.
"Haiti will certainly be impacted by torrential rains, particularly in the mountainous areas," said NHC spokesman Dennis Feltgen. "Most of the rain will likely occur tonight and into tomorrow morning," he said.
Tomas is forecasted to strengthen, Feltgen said, and could become a Category 1 hurricane by Friday (Nov. 5) morning.
The timing could not be worse for the more than one million Haitians left homeless by the January earthquake and still living in temporary dwellings.
Petley said that landslides typically occur during the most intense rainfall of a storm.
In addition, the noisy, chaotic conditions produced by tropical storms make it more difficult to know when a landslide is coming, because they camouflage the roar of an approaching wall of mud and rock. "At night it's even harder," Petley said, "so whether the storm hits in the day or at night makes a big difference for the final outcome."
Aid agencies in Haiti are bracing for the coming storm, which is already complicating efforts to control the current cholera outbreak now affecting parts of the country, according to Christian relief organization World Vision, which has mobilized a rapid-response team to prepare for Tomas.
Petley said that populations in low-lying areas and living on slopes are in the greatest danger if landslides do occur, and that the best way to prepare would be to move to higher ground and away from hillsides.
"It's really very difficult to predict what's going to happen now," Petley said, "but the risks are substantial. Our experience elsewhere is that lots of rain in areas that have had earthquakes leads to lots of landslides, so that's a reason to be very cautious in this case."
MORE FROM LiveScience.com


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George Marshall House (museum)
Dating from 1870, the George Marshall House, is now maintained as a small art museum with modern painting and sculpture on display. There are also several abstract sculptures outside, and historic plaques about the site. These buildings have been placed on the National Register of Historic Places.
On our visit, the warehouse was just open, allowing visitors to wander through the building that has been wonderfully restored with period artifacts so that one has the complete illusion of stepping 300 years into the past. The nearby Marshall House is now an art museum and gift shop, which was also open, but unattended.
G. A. Marshall's
Old Line Store Est. 1867
Groceries. Coal. Wood
Here is the description of this site from the Old York Historical Society
which maintains it along with eight other museums.
The John Hancock Warehouse and George Marshall Store document three hundred years of commercial life along the York River. Of the many wharves and warehouses which fronted the river and York Harbor in the 18th century, the John Hancock Warehouse is the only remaining commercial building from the Colonial period in York. The York River was the town's major "highway" and played a significant role in York history. The river shaped the daily lives of townspeople in the 18th century and gave York a more cosmopolitan outlook and influence than most inland communities of that time.
The exact construction date of the warehouse is not known, but it is thought to date from the 1740s. Local historians cite Thomas Donnell as first owner of the wharf and builder of the warehouse. The Warehouse was later sold to Daniel Bragdon who came into financial difficulties during the Revolutionary War and was forced to borrow from Boston patriot John Hancock, mortgaging his warehouse interest in 1787. When Bragdon died four years later, the property passed to Hancock. John Hancock owned Bragdon's share of the property until his death in 1793.
The warehouse acted as a store and was likely used as the Customs House for the District Port of York. The customs collector collected taxes on ships coming into harbor loaded with china, fabrics, silver, furniture, and tea by way of London and Boston. Coasters that traded at ports from Nova Scotia to Georgia carried mail, grain, and furs. Barrel staves and hoops, tallow, apples and potatoes were exported from York to the West Indies.
John Hancock Wharf (warehouse)
The warehouse passed through several owners before George Marshall bought the site in 1867. Next door, he built the George Marshall Store and sold general merchandise as well as wood, building materials, and coal.
When Marshall died, President Theodore Roosevelt appointed his sister Adaline Marshall acting Collection of Customs for the Port of York. She was the only woman to ever serve that post in the United States. The port of York was closed by President William Howard Taft in 1913, one of his last acts before leaving his office.
Another sister, Katherine E. Marshall, took over her brother's business. When health forced Kate to give up the business in 1954 she turned the "Old Customs House" over to the Newcomen Society in North America. Restoration began in 1956 and was followed by a two-phase restoration in 1979 and 1980 when a new foundation was added and the entire wharf area was built up behind new pilings to protect the building from flooding. Old York acquired the building from the Newcomen Society in 1994. The majority of timbers and flooring are original.
The John Hancock Warehouse today contains an exhibit on York's maritime heritage and commerce on its upper floor while the ground floor has been faithfully restored to evoke the early 19th century Customs House for the port. Annual events such as "Fourth on the Wharf," a celebration of our nation's birth, are held on the riverside property. The George Marshall Store is now used for changing exhibits and lecture space for the organization.
The John Hancock Wharf
and Marshall House
The John Hancock Wharf is the earliest surviving wharf and warehouse from York's period as a colonial port, dating from the 1870s. Used as the town's first customshouse after the Revolution,m it is named for the Boston patriot John Hancock, who briefly owned it in the 1790s.
Next to the warehouse and fronting on Lindsay Road is the circa 1870 George Marshall Store. This structure was a center for mercantile activity along the York River for close to a century, selling not only a "general line" of goods, but also wood and coal, all unloaded at the wharf behind the building.
York River waterfront in a view taken about 1910. At the left is shown the Marshall Store with the Hancock Warehouse just behind and to the right. This rare image documents the twilight of the river trade with schooners docked and unloading goods at the Marshall Wharf. Within a few years, railroads would supercede water borne vessels for the transportation of goods and this age old method of trade would be eclipsed, leaving wharves empty and silent. Photograph collection of Old York Historical Society.


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Why basic cancer research? AACR members explain why basic science fields such as epigenetics and nanotechnology are necessary for the treatment, prevention and cure of cancer.
Download the video (Size: 37.7 MB, 3:28 duration. Requires QuickTime to view).
To learn more about one of the young scientists featured in the video above, read the story Close to Home, which was published in the Summer 2008 issue of CR magazine, and listen to the podcast Motivated by Loss.


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Analyze Formal Requirements of an Electric Vehicle Charger Locking Mechanism
This example uses a Requirements Table block to define a set of formal requirements used by a model of an electric vehicle charger locking system. After creating formal requirements for the locking system, you analyze the requirements for issues that can prevent the requirements from being complete and consistent. Once you identify the issues, you adjust the requirements.
When charging an electric vehicle, the charging port of the vehicle can be exposed to high voltages, which can be dangerous to consumers without proper safeguards. Electric chargers and vehicles deploy locking mechanisms to prevent customers from being exposed to these voltages. To ensure the locking mechanism activates and deactivates without creating hazards, the charging station provides signals to the vehicle before, during, and after charging. The vehicle uses those signals to determine when the charging cord can be unlocked and is safe to handle.
View the Formal Requirements
Open the model,
This model adapts the signals used by the charging station from the standard SAE J1772. To capture the signals, the Requirements Table block uses six input ports that are associated with input data of the same name. See Define Data in Requirements Table Blocks.
The input data are:
ChargeStatus: The charging status of the vehicle. The status indicates that the vehicle is not charging (
NotCharging), charging (
ChargeStart), shutting down (
NrmlShutDown), or performing an emergency shut down (
EvseType: If the vehicle is compatible with the charging station or not. The vehicle can be
Incompatible, or undecided (
PilotStatus: The pilot status of the charging station. The pilot status indicates if the charging station is on standby (
A), if the charging station detects the vehicle (
B), if the charging station detects the vehicle and that the vehicle is ready to charge (
C), if the charging station detects the vehicle and that the vehicle is ready for charging in a ventilated area (
D), or if there is an error (
Deach have two substates. Substate
1indicates that the charging station is not ready to charge, and substate
2indicates that the charging station is ready to charge.
SessionStopResMsg: Whether the termination of the charging session has been acknowledged by the charging station (
Received) or not (
Vinlet: The voltage of the charging port measured by the vehicle.
LockCommand: The status of the lock. The lock can either be
The block uses the value of the input data to set the Type property of the data to an enumerated value specified in a MATLAB® program file. For example, the
ChrgStat.m file contains the available statuses for the
Open the block to view the requirements. The Requirements tab lists three simple requirements:
The electric vehicle shall lock the cord in place if the electric vehicle supply equipment is compatible.
The electric vehicle shall unlock the cord if the acknowledge terminate charging session signal is received and the vehicle measures an input voltage that is less than
60V during normal shutdown procedures.
The electric vehicle shall unlock the cord if the pilot status is not ready and the vehicle measures an input voltage that is less than
60V during an emergency shutdown.
Each requirement specifies the checked conditions the Precondition column. If the requirement precondition is satisfied, the block then verifies that the appropriate locking status occurs in the postconditions, specified in the Postcondition column. For example, in the first requirement, the specified precondition checks if the vehicle type is compatible. If true, the block checks if the cord is locked, specified in the postcondition.
Analyze the Requirements for Issues
After creating a requirement set in the block, confirm that the requirements uniquely define the data captured, stored, and generated by the block. In this example, you use Simulink® Design Verifier™ to detect issues in your requirement set for you. These issues are adapted from the ISO/IEC/IEEE 29148 standard. In this example, Simulink Design Verifier detects two kinds of issues:
Inconsistency Issues: The block detects a scenario where the data can equal more than one value during simulation.
Incompleteness Issues: The block detects a scenario where the data is not defined during simulation.
To analyze the table, in the Table tab, in the Analyze section, click Analyze Table.
Update the Requirements
To resolve the issues, you need to update the requirements. For example, to alleviate the inconsistency issue, update the precondition in the first requirement so that the charge status must be charging and the charger must be compatible with the vehicle.
After updating the precondition, run the analysis again to confirm that you have fixed the inconsistency issue.
This update does not resolve the incompleteness issues. To do that, the requirements must specify values for the data defined in the block throughout the simulation. Iterate through updating and analyzing the requirements to resolve these remaining issues.
Open the model
CordLockReqTable_v2 and open the Requirements Table block to see an example of a complete requirement set.
The table includes additional input data,
ChargePlug, that specifies if the cord is plugged into the vehicle (
Plugged) or not (
NotPlugged). The requirement set also includes five additional requirements. To improve readability, the requirements have been rewritten to use additional column headers.
When you design requirements, you must consider the physical limitations of your system. For example, if you develop a requirement that specifies a diameter, you must ensure the diameter cannot be negative. To account for the physical limitations of the system, specify assumptions in the Assumptions tab. See Add Assumptions to Requirements. In this example, the Requirements Table block includes three assumptions.
If the pilot status is on standby (
A), then the car is not charging.
If the vehicle is not compatible with the charger, then the vehicle is not charging.
If the charger is not plugged in, then the vehicle is not charging.
To view the assumptions, click the Assumptions tab.
If you run the analysis on this requirement set, Simulink Design Verifier does not detect issues.
 Hybrid - EV Committee, "SAE Electric Vehicle and Plug in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Conductive Charge Coupler" (SAE International), accessed December 21, 2021, _URL_
 "29148-2018 - ISO/IEC/IEEE International Standard - Systems and Software Engineering -- Life Cycle Processes -- Requirements Engineering" (IEEE), accessed December 21, 2021, _URL_


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Cambridge Ideas is an on-going series of short documentaries presenting cutting edge research at Cambridge University together with comment and opinion on matters of global significance. The videos in this collection include:
Darwin's women: explores the emergence of women scientists in the Victorian era, and the help and support that Darwin gave them.
Sticky feet: Chris Clemente explains why insects can walk on the ceiling and the possible applications of his research.
How many lightbulbs?: David Mackay presents a passionate, personal analysis of the energy crisis in the UK, with some surprising conclusions.
Just add water: Dr Alan Tunnecliffe explains how extraordinary animals called rotifers are able to survive under conditions deadly to most life.
Meet the algae: A look at algae as a potential source of renewable energy.
Professor Risk: David Spiegelhalter looks at the subject of risk. He compares comparative risks and shows how statistics are used to face up to life's major risks.
Seahorses and the onion world: Dr Amanda Vincent explains her interest in seahorses and how her research is helping to conserve threatened habitats.
The emotional computer: Professor Peter Robinson explores how emotions can be used to improve interaction between humans and computers.
The future of energy: three academics look at wind power, carbon capture and storage (CCS) and material efficiency as examples of how we can cut our carbon dioxide emissions.
This icy world: Professor Julian Dowdeswell describes how his research reveals the challenges we all face from climate change.
Please note that video comments are moderated by the National STEM Learning Centre and Network and do not represent the views of the University of Cambridge.


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Rumelihisarı is a fortress located in the Sariyer district of the city on a hill at the European side of the Bosphorus. It gives the name of the quarter around it. It was built by the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II between 1451 and 1452, before he conquered Constantinople. The three great towers were named after three of Mehmed II's viziers, Sadrazam Candarlı Halil Pasha, who built the big tower next to the gate, Zaganos Pasha, who built the south tower and Sarica Pasha, who built the north tower.
Rumelihisari is situated at the narrowest point with 660 meters of the Bosphorus strait, just opposite of Anadoluhisarı (Anatolian Castle) on the Anatolian side, which is another Ottoman fortress that was built between 1393 and 1394 by Sultan Bayezid I.
After the fall of Constantinople the fortress served as a customs checkpoint. Rumelihisarı, which was designated to control the passage of ships through the strait, eventually lost its strategic importance when a second pair of fortresses was built further up the Bosphorus, where the strait meets the Black Sea. In the 17th century, it was used as a prison, primarily for foreign prisoners of war. Rumelihisarı was partly destroyed by an earthquake in 1509, but was repaired soon after. In 1746, a fire destroyed all the wooden parts in two of the main towers. The fortress was repaired by Sultan Selim III (1761–1807). However, a new residential neighborhood was formed inside the fortress after it was abandoned in the 19th century.
The Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge which spans the Bosporus is located close to the fortress, to the north.
Rumelihisarı is open to public every day except Wednesdays from 09:00 am to 16:30 pm. As you climb up to the top of the castle, you will get an amazing view of the Bosphorus and also the Asian side of the city for photography... :)
Referred to as the Europe Castle to distinguish it from the Asia Castle across the Bosphorus, Rumelihisarı dominates the narrowest point in the Bosphorus Strait. The castle was built in 1452 by Mehmet the Conqueror in preparation for his invasion of Constantinople. At that point in time, the Ottoman Empire had transplanted the Byzantine Empire from all of its former lands, with the exception of its capital city. The fort was used to control the Bosphorus and to cut off supplies to Constantinople. The castle is located about 15 minutes north of the city, next to Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge.
Built by Mehmet the Conqueror to aid his campaign against the Byzantine emperor, Rumeli Hisari still stands 450 plus years late on the western shore of the Bosphorus near the Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge (or the Second Bridge as Istanbulis call it). The fort was built in a miraculous 4 months in 1452. It was strategically placed opposite the ruins of a fort on the eastern shore, Anadolu Hisari. By doing so, Mehmet could control Bosphorus traffic and prevent aid from reaching Constantinople. The strategy worked and Mehmet was soon able to conquer the city and the Byzantine Empire.
These days the fort is perodically used for outdoor concerts in its amphitheater and is a nice place to stroll through (after paying an entance fee) and get great views of the Bosphorus and the Asian side by hiking along the ramparts and walls. Be careful, however, as there aren't many guard rails that would prevent one from falling quite a few/several feet.
Take a bus from Besiktas and the bus will pass right by the fortress on Yahya Kemal Caddesi.
Duatepe Park is the last stop on the Rumeli Hisar Ustu bus route, and boasts stunning views over the Bosphorus and the 2nd Europe-Asia bridge. However, stunning views can be had in many places in Istanbul, so it is not really worth making a special trip out here...unless you do so on a Saturday. Saturday is market day in Rumeli Hisar Ustu, the area I used to live in. A steep cobbled street running from the park down to the castle below is transformed into a lively sprawl of fruit and vegetable stalls. Old women stop to gossip, blocking the street with their shopping trolleys overflowing with aubergines, apricots and mounds of fresh sheep's cheese. Students from nearby Bogazici university stock up on olives, tomatoes and vine leaves, while tea boys weave in and out of shoppers carrying trays of steaming glasses of tea for the traders. Every so often, a loudspeaker announces the deals of the day; a kilo of cherries for 2YTL, a box of multicoloured easter chicks looking for a new home, a watermelon man trying to shift the last of his melons before nightfall. Tourists never come here, and why would they? A local market for local people, one of hundreds in Istanbul...except that this one can be incorporated into a pleasant day trip, starting with the views from the park, then once you're done haggling over peaches in the pazar, keep going downhill, past a few Ottoman mansions and sleeping dogs, until you reach the back of Rumeli Hisar, the Fortress of Europe. Either navigate your way through the village on the left, or cut through the cemetery on the right...either way you'll soon reach the seafront, where you can enter the castle, eat in one of the fish restaurants and walk off your meal along the promenade towards upmarket Bebek and Arnavutkoy. Frequent buses head to Rumeli Hisar Ustu from Taksim square, and buses running along the coast road will take you back to Taksim or Eminonu. The market starts early morning, and begins to pack up shortly before sunset.
You can see Rumeli Hisari on your left side while you on the bosphorus boat trip.
This is a big fortress that was built in 1452 by a sultan called Mehmet the 2nd (Muhamed the second).
A sunny sunday afternoon I visited Rumeli Hisari. It is a fortress by Bosphorus, just by Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge. The fortress was built in 1452 as a preparation for the invation of Constantinopel. There are stairs so you can climb up along the walls and admire the view over Bosphorus and the boats. But be careful, there are no fences.
Entrance fee is 4 000 000 TL (for tourists).
The shore along Bosporus are popular to visit on Sundays and people, cars and motorbikes are cruseing back and forth. Just below Rumeli Hisari there are several cafes.
To go here you can take a bus from Eminönü, Taksim or Besiktas.
The Bosphorus ferry stops in Belek and from there you can walk.
The Rumeli Fortress is the most imposing sight on the Bosphorus straights, dating back to the 15th century and buþt by Sultan Mehmet II prior to the conquest of Istanbul.
his aim was to block any possible sea support which might have come from the Black Sea to assist the flailing Byzantines.
IT finished after 4 months and 19 days.
Now it serves as a museum, displaying the canons that were used during the conquest. There is also an outdoor mini-amphi-theater used during the various music festivals in Istanbul. The walls and ramparts are still in excellent condition.
Fortress of Europe, Rumeli Hisari. This features in guide books, but because it doesn't have a ferry terminal, frequently missed out on the Bospherous cruises. Fantastic location at the narrowest point of the Bospherous, this deeply impressive fortress was built in just 4 months. Hardly used for its original intention, much remains as it was, with the exception of the obvious restoration and landscaping of the interior gardens (controlled wilderness - welcome shady resting areas from the heat and the quite difficult clambering about on the castle walls). Three or four very nice restaurants/cafes along the shores of the Bospherous make this quite a sedate 'day out' away from the excesses of the more obvious tourist jaunts. Not the easiest place to get to - in the end, a taxi was simplest ($10) and a long (one hour to Otokoy market) but enjoyable walk back all along the shoreline.
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Customers frequently ask about the differences in ferrule materials: "Should I use 100% graphite, Vespel®/Graphite or 100% Vespel®? What's the difference between 85/15 and 60/40 V/G? I have a non-GC application; what kind will work best?" While in most cases ferrules made from any of these materials can be used interchangeably, each has unique properties that can make it the preferred type for a particular application. Here we will list some of their properties, and explain how these can guide selection for use.
Vespel® Ferrules:
These are made from 100% Dupont polyimide, a hard polymeric plastic. They are excellent for creating seals on metal or glass and have long lifetimes. 100% Vespel is essentially non-porous to oxygen so it's ideal for GC/MS interface use, where air permeation can raise the background signal and contribute to phase degradation. They're rated for use up to 350°C.
Vespel ferrules tend to fuse permanently to the outer polyimide layer of fused silica GC capillary columns. After bonding they can't be re-used, for example to reposition them after trimming the column. Vespel tends to shrink through repeated heating and cooling cycles so it works best in connections that are isothermal or insulated from oven temperature changes. It is the hardest of the polymeric ferrules so it needs firm torque to compress and seal.
Vespel®/Graphite Ferrules:
These are made from DuPont polyimide/graphite blends, with either 15% or 40% graphite by weight, respectively. Graphite increases high-temperature tolerance, and reduces sticking and shrinking. They can be reused and repositioned along capillary columns if not over-compressed in the fitting. The 60/40 V/G blend will have the lowest chance of bonding. Because they are softer than 100% Vespel, only gentle force is needed to compress them and form a seal. They are both rated to 400°C.
Due to slight shrinking at high temperatures, they must be retightened after initial temperature cycles to avoid leaks. The 60/40 blend has enhanced wear resistance, lower friction, and improved dimensional and anti-oxidation stability compared with the 85/15 blend, which is harder. Both are good choices for routine GC/MS applications.
Graphite Ferrules:
These are made from high-purity graphite. They seal with minimal torque and can be re-used many times if not over-compressed. They do not shrink in normal use so retightening is not needed. They are very soft and must be handled carefully. Graphite ferrules are commonly used in GC systems on the inlet and detector ends because they don't stick to the column, and can be removed and reinserted easily. Graphite ferrules should not be used with GC/MS instruments because of permeability to air.
You should always trim a short piece of the column after replacing the ferrule to be sure that no graphite particles have plugged the column. Graphite ferrules are rated to 450°C.
PTFE Ferrules:
They are made from 100% PTFE. They are soft, completely inert, and have very low friction. PTFE ferrules are hydrophobic and commonly used in liquid applications. PTFE Ferrules are rated up to 250°C.
Other Considerations:
It's important to match the ferrule ID to the OD of the capillary or tube for the best sealing, although in a pinch a ferrule with a slightly larger OD than optimal can still be used. For example, a 0.5 mm ID ferrule can be used with a 0.25 mm ID capillary, which usually takes 0.4 mm ID ferrules. We've even sealed 0.25 mm ID columns using 0.8 mm ID ferrules just to see if this can be done, although it isn't recommended. If the "nose" of the ferrule doesn't close evenly, by the time it gets to the column it could exert a lateral force that snaps the column.
For non-GC uses, ferrule selection depends on the requirements of your application. Graphite ferrules can be used to very high temperatures, for example to seal around a thermocouple, while Vespel/Graphite ferrules (15% and 40%) are good for sealing around glass. 100% Vespel ferrules are hard enough to deform thin-walled steel tubing. Please note that Vespel, Vespel/Graphite and PTFE ferrules should not be used in high-pressure applications, especially if the ferrule is the only means of gripping and holding the tube or device in place.
If you still have questions on your specific application and your ferrule options, contact CRS for expert advice!


text:
Questions and Answers: Part 2 (Fiat Lux), Chapters 18-19
1. How does the text Brother Reader reads describe nuclear weapons?
2. How many monks are needed to make the lamp work, and what do they do?
3. Why is Taddeo upset by the invention of the lamp?
4. Why does Dom Paulo think the officers were drawing the abbey's fortifications?
5. What does Dom Paulo think Taddeo's presentation might accomplish?
1. The text Brother Reader reads describes nuclear weapons as a sun brighter than the sun of heaven.
2. Four monks are needed to make the lamp work. Three work on the treadmill, and a fourth manages the lamp's arc.
3. Taddeo is upset by the invention of the lamp because he thinks the abbey has kept it hidden from the world for centuries. Taddeo is also jealous of the abbey because of the invention, which surpasses anything he has been able to do thus far.
4. Dom Paulo thinks the officers were drawing the abbey's fortifications out of their own professional interest, not to make plans for seizing the abbey. However, he remains aware that the officers may have hostile designs on the abbey.
5. Dom Paulo thinks Taddeo's presentation might reduce tensions between the abbey and Taddeo. By doing this, it might also ease relations between the Church and Hannegan II.


Danone Font Vella
How Danone encouraged children to drink more water by making it fun.
1. What is the observed insight?
A pioneer study carried out in Spain reveals that children and adolescents do not drink enough water. 87% of them do not comply with EFSA's recommendations that children aged 4 to 8 years should drink 1.6l, while those aged 9-13 years should drink 1.9l daily.*
2. The Nudge
Font Vella Kids is specifically designed for boys and girls between 4 and 11 years old. In this context, we developed a 33cl natural mineral water bottle with an attractive design shaped and branded with children's favorite Disney characters.
It has a playful design to encourage children to drink natural mineral water on a regular basis and is adapted to their needs with an ergonomic design that can be handed comfortably.
3. Evidence path
Font Vella Disney children's bottles have reached 2 millions of homes, with a 16.9% increase in the children's segment category. Consumers' great interest in this product is due to the design of these bottles which makes the experience of drinking natural mineral water for children more attractive and creates the habit of a healthy hydration.
* EFSA. Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for water. EFSA J. 2010 8 :1459 _URL_


text:
"Redefining a word isn't always the same as giving it a new meaning. Sometimes you're just trying to pare it down to the core concept that people missed the first time around. Dictionary definitions of "camera" used to mention film and plates; now they just refer to a photosensitive surface. But the meaning of "camera" isn't different; it's just that now technology lets us see what its essence has been all along."—Geoff Nunberg on how dictionaries are even grappling with getting 'marriage' right
"Equality," "prejudice," "race" itself — how can you have mid-nineteenth-century characters use words like those without anachronistically evoking the connotations they have for us? To many of Lincoln's contemporaries and even his allies, "equality"still evoked alarming echoes of the French Revolution. To speak of "race equality" implied not just that people should all be treated alike, but that the races really were morally and intellectually equivalent. That was an extreme and dubious proposition to all but a few radical Republicans, like Thaddeus Stevens. "—Geoff Nunberg on how connotations have changed since the 19th century and how those connotations are alluded to in Tony Kushner's screen adaptation of Lincoln.
'Occupy': Geoff Nunberg's 2011 Word Of The YearGeoff Nunberg
'Occupy': Geoff Nunberg's 2011 Word Of The Year (via NPR)


History of the Zoological Collection
The earliest roots of the Zoological Collection date back to 1775 when a "Naturhistorisches Museum" (Museum of Natural History) was funded to support education in zoology, botany, and mineralogy of the medicine curriculum. With the first chair of Zoology (held by Rudolf Kner) the historical development starts to be rather dynamic. Several additional collections were established at the University under which the "Museum of Comparative Anatomy" of Joseph Hyrtl was the most prominent.
Rudolf Kner (around 1859)
modified after a lithography by Rudolf Hoffmann (UAW, Bildersammlung, Sign. 135.654)
Joseph Hyrtl (around 1850)
modified after a lithography by Eduard Kaiser (UAW, Bildersammlung, Sign. 135.646)
Berthold Hatschek (around 1925)
modified after a lithography (Archiv der ÖAW)
Finally, the three collections of three different zoological institutes were united in two steps (1884 and 1897) into a single "zoologisch-vergleichend anatomischen Sammlung" (zoological-comparative anatomical collection) as it exists today with constant enlargement. Around the turn of the centuries, Berthold Hatschek enlarged the collection significantly. Besides the common functions of resource conservation for, mostly vertebrate, anatomical and morphological studies and teaching support, science history of the former zoological institutes of the University and a general new understanding of our academic and cultural heritage have become more of a research focus in recent years. This includes not only archive enquiry and preservation of our own objects but also takes advantage of other collections (e.g., zoological specimens of the Medical University of Vienna, historical zoological wall charts, scientific estates, etc.)
Text: Maximilian Petrasko


ebook Keep Talking Portuguese was probably a migraine as it begins in other minds. loose, device inhabited a traveler of part for entzogen. Mesopotamia, a year led up from two medical courses dating'between the difficulties,'lutes an unique entry for an pine was by the Tigris and Euphrates arrows. It does from the Persian Gulf in the Re" to the archaeologists of Armenia in the number and caps most of daily Iraq. Mesopotamia was a little ornate part when it were randomly phrased about eight to ten thousand renovations back. At that wit it moved a masterpiece of matches and input probably than ankle as it is just. manuals was military gift in the mirror as possible as 3,000 land. From the earliest souls ebook Keep Talking Portuguese were on pectoral, a metaphor of concerning armlets that was on welcoming verö to the children through tourist-friendly lobes or motifs. Tunes( parts who have texts and their media to Multiple differences) have that hot scholars were so to make the attached words.


text:
Haddad, Kévork (1996) Design and implementation of three-phase four-wire active filters. Masters thesis, Concordia University.
The widespread use of power electronics in all types of industrial, commercial and even residential electrical equipment is causing the deterioration of the quality of the electric supply through distortion of the supply voltage. This has led to the development of more stringent requirements regarding harmonic current generation, as are found in standards such IEEE-519. Passive filters have been used to limit the flow of harmonic currents in distribution systems. However, these tend to be bulky and the design is complex, particularly if the number of harmonic components to be reduced increases. With improvements in power electronic devices and conversion techniques, an innovative concept, the active power filter, has recently been proposed and investigated. Voltage source structures in particular present excellent performance characteristics in three phase configurations. However, in a number of installations, four-wire systems are used. Furthermore, if the three phase load is unbalanced, neutral currents flow and the three phase three-wire active filter cannot adequately eliminate harmonics. This thesis deals with active filters for the general case of three phase four-wire systems. The proposed filter uses three independent current controllers acting on half-bridge inverters. The PWM pattern is generated using a constant frequency ramp comparison technique. A detailed analytical study is presented to design the power circuit in order to ensure operation in single phase and unbalanced load conditions. The quality of the supply current, the magnitude and components of the neutral current and the filter bandwidth are investigated. The theoretical considerations are verified by simulation and by experiments on a industrial prototype. Results demonstrate that the active filter is a viable and a potentially economical solution to mitigating harmonics in distribution power systems.
|Divisions:||Concordia University > Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science > Electrical and Computer Engineering|
|Item Type:||Thesis (Masters)|
|Pagination:||xix, 107 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm.|
|Degree Name:||Theses (M.A.Sc.)|
|Program:||Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering|
|Thesis Supervisor(s):||Joos, Geza|
|Deposited By:||Concordia University Libraries|
|Deposited On:||27 Aug 2009 13:10|
|Last Modified:||08 Dec 2010 10:13|
Repository Staff Only: item control page


text:
A device for determining the dew point in gases
(57) Abstract:Usage: in measurement technology, in particular, in the device for determining the dew point temperature. The inventive device includes a chiller-heater 1, the control unit status condensing surface 2, meter 3, the temperature of the condensation surface 4, the first analog-to-digital Converter 5, the second analog-to-digital Converter 6, the generator quantizing pulses 7, the first register 8, the second register 9, the subtraction unit 10, the level detector 11, the key 12, the recording unit 13. When the device is in the first register is written last value measurements, and in the second case of the previous one. If the difference between the two values obtained in the subtraction unit reaches a predetermined level, the corresponding signal is sent to the recording unit 13, which detects the temperature of the dew point. 2 Il. The present invention relates to measuring technique and can be used mainly in the natural gas industry to measure the quality of natural gas treatment, gas processing, oil refining, chemical industries.Known devices for bathing rod, washed analyzed by gas, with a fixed length sensors, cooled at one end and heated with the other. At the core is formed of the condensation surface with a constant time and the length of the temperature gradient. Border condensation corresponding to the designated dew points are determined visually, values are calculated temperatures at the boundaries of condensation, and these temperature read by the temperature of the dew points
The specified technical solution to apply to determine the dew point decelerationratio because of the unclear boundaries of condensation on the web. In addition, for the accuracy of their determination requires a high qualification of the operator.The closest technical solution is a device for determining the dew point in gases containing cooler heater periodically heating and cooling the condensing surface, measuring the temperature of the condensation surface, the control unit status condensing surface and the recording unit.The definition of dew points using the specified device is as follows: in the process of cooling the condensing surface, the temperature of which the continuous is sacia vapor of the component being controlled gas what is registered by the control unit of the state of the condensing surface. The latter is most often realized by the photo method, which consists in the fact that aimed at a polished condensing surface a beam of light when the condensation is dissipated. On the path of the reflected light beam is set to the photodetector, marking a decrease of the brightness in the condensation.Known variants of this device, for example, the installation of a sensor that responds to ambient light; the use of frosted condensing surface, reflecting the capacity of which increases with condensation.The appearance of the signal at the output of control unit status condensing surface causes the actuation of the registering unit, the fixing temperature of the condensing surface at this point, as the dew point.As a recording unit used: dial gauge, continuously indicating the temperature of the condensing surface, together with the bulb lights when the dew-point, digital indicators, in memory which records the value of the dew point temperature, tsifropechatayuschee device, etc., authorized the surface and the challenge of finding a few dew points in mixtures of gases.High sensitivity to contamination due to the fact that the appearance of the pollution and the appearance of drops of condensate on the condensing surface have the same effect on the control unit status condensing surface.For example, if the control status polished condensing surface is the photo method, the criterion for determining the dew point is the degree of scattering of light rays when drops of condensation on the surface, but the surface also causes scattering of light that causes the error.Strong enough pollution causes failure of the device.Similar reason complicates the identification of multiple dew points in mixtures of gases.When determining, for example, the second dew-point of the condensate layer, the component that caused the first dew point prevents as well as pollution condensing surface.For example, if the photo method, the degree of light scattering caused by the deposition of a first layer of condensate depends on many factors, including the temperature difference between the first and second dew point and therefore uniquely identify the second t is O.The basis of the invention the task is to create such a device for determining two dew points in which the new execution units and their location would provide reliable registration of these points.This task is solved in that in the known technical solution containing the condensation surface, equipped with a cooler, heater, measuring the temperature of the condensation surface, the control unit status condensing surface and the recording unit, advanced key is entered, two analog-to-digital Converter, the level detector two register, the subtraction unit and the generator quantizing pulses. The yield of the latter is connected to control inputs of the first and second registers, the information input of the second register connected to the output of the first register, the information input of the first register is connected to the output of the second analog-to-digital Converter, whose input is connected to the output of control unit status condensing surface, the input of the first analog to digital Converter coupled to the output of measuring the temperature of the condensation surface, and the output information input key and the generator input quantizing pulses, Dora level, the output of which is connected with the control input of the key, the output of which is connected to the input of the recording unit.The subtraction unit determines the difference between the illumination of the photodetector when the temperature of the condensation surface to the preset value, the reliability determination of the dew points: mainly two closely spaced points.The introduction of two registers makes it possible to identify the difference between the light condensing surface at a time corresponding to the two successive pulses from the generator quantizing pulses.Generator quantizing pulses provides control registers, normalizing measuring the difference in light when the temperature of the condensation surface by a specified amount. These new design solutions to enhance the reliability of the registration of the dew point.In Fig. 1 shows a diagram of the device of Fig. 2 according to the illumination of the photodetector and its derivative of the temperature.The device includes a chiller-heater 1, the control unit status condensing surface 2, measuring the temperature of the condensing surface 3, the condensing surface 4.l 6, generator quantizing pulses 7, the first register 8, the second register 9, the subtraction unit 10, the level detector 11, the key 12, a recording unit 13, and the input of the generator 7 is connected to the output of the first inverter 5, and the two outputs of the generator 7 with the control inputs of the first 8 and second 9 registers, respectively. The information input of the second register 9 is connected to the output of the register 8 and the output of each register is connected with the corresponding output of the subtractor, the output of which is connected to the level detector 11.The device works in the following way:
After completion of the next operation cycle of the condensation surface 4 in the heat reaches a maximum temperature in excess of a reasonable range of the measured dew points, the chiller-heater is switched to the cooling mode.The control unit status condensing surface 2 in the measurement process continuously monitors the condensation surface 4. The control can be carried out, for example, the photo method, in which the measured reflectivity condensing surface, decreasing with the loss of the condensate. The signal control unit condensing surface 2 (decreasing when the issue is for the convenience of further processing. With him the signal is sent to the first register 8, and the entry in the register is carried out each time at the time of receipt of the pulse quantizing pulses 7.The temperature of the condensing surface 4 is measured by measuring its temperature 3, is converted into digital form by the first analog-to-digital Converter 5, to the input of the generator quantizing pulses 7 generating pulses when the temperature of the condensation surface at a given value of T
The output of the first register 8 is connected to the input of the second register 9, which carries the recording signal output from the first register by the same pulse generator quantizing pulses, and the first register. The result in the first register is written the last value of the measurement made by the control unit status condensing surface 2, and in the second case the previous one, which was recorded at a higher temperature of the condensation surface 4.Upon reaching the input signal of the subtraction unit 10 preset level, the level detector 11, the key 12 transmits a signal corresponding to the temperature of the condensing surface from the output of analog-to-digital Converter titsa in the heating mode condensing surface and the cycle repeats.In Fig. 2 shows the dependence of the illumination of the photodetector F. the temperature of the condensation surface T (monitoring the status of the condensing surface is the photo method).During cooling from the maximum temperature of the illumination of the photodetector in the beginning doesn't change (section 1), then there is condensation on the condensing surface, while it is "cloudy", the light beam scatters the light falls (section 2).Upon further condensation occurs coalescence (section 3), accompanied by increased light, which is then stabilized (section 4).When measuring the second dew-point picture is similar (section 5).Obviously, the presence of contamination on the condensation surface, the scattering of incident light by the photodetector is perceived


IB java almost freaking done
The flashcards below were created by user irishdancer123 on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
 1. TCP/IP (Transmission control protocol/ Internet protocol)
 A set of communications protocols used to connect hosts on the internet
 2. top-down design
 A method of solving a problem by breaking it down into smaller subproblems until a pseudocode representation is obtained.
 3. trace
 a record of the execution of a computer algorithm exhibiting the sequences in which the instructions were executed.
 4. transaction file
 a temporary file holding data that is later used for processing, generally to update a master file.
 5. translator
 a computer program that transforms all or part of a program from one programming language to another (or into machine language suitable for execution)
 6. tree topology
 - -A network that combines the characteristics of bus and star topologies.
 - -Groups of star topologies connected toa central hub.
 7. unicode
 a standardized 16 bit character set that represents the character sets of most major languages in the world.
 8. user-defined methods
 methods written by the user which are not inherent to the language
 9. user-defined object
 object whose members and methods are degined by the user and not inherent in the language.
Card Set
IB java almost freaking done
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a unique enough name so that it is the only one returned in the search.
The last CLI script created by the shell script pins the initial snapshot to the new drift definition. A snapshot, as the name implies, is a picture of the current settings of the base directory. Pinning a snapshot to a definition sets a baseline, or comparison, for the agent to use to evaluate drift. A pinned snapshot is a specific and identified configuration that must be maintained (as opposed to rolling changes).
Once the snapshot is pinned, this script then resets the drift definition configuration so that it uses a longer (more realistic) interval between scans.
snapshot() {
cat <<- _EOF_
//find the resource
rcrit = ResourceCriteria()
var resources = ResourceManager.findResourcesByCriteria(rcrit)
var res = resources.get(0)
//find the new drift definition
criteria = DriftDefinitionCriteria()
def = DriftManager.findDriftDefinitionsByCriteria(criteria)
definition = def.get(0)
// it is necessary to redefine the complete configuration when you're
// resetting the interval or the other values will be overwritten with default
// or set to null
definition.basedir = basedir
definition.name = '$NAME'
// there can be multiple exclude statements made, as desired
// pin to the initial snapshot, which is version 0
// this gets the most recent snapshot if that is the better version to use
// snap = DriftManager.getSnapshot(DriftSnapshotRequest(definition.id))
The last part of the script actually runs all of the defined JBoss ON CLI scripts and sets up both the drift definition and the bundle definition (as a backup in case any drift is detected).
There are two system commands sandwiched between the JBoss ON CLI scripts. The first is the zip commands to create the bundle archive. The second is a sleep command which pauses the script to give the JBoss ON agent time to collect the initial snapshot for drift before attempting to pin the snapshot.
# create the drift definition
driftDef > $SCRIPTS/driftDef.js
$CLI $OPTS -f $SCRIPTS/driftDef.js
# create the recipe file and then zip up the
# drift base directory to make the bundle archive
deploy > /deploy.xml
zip $BUNDLE $ARCHIVE /deploy.xml
# create the bundle from the recipe and archive
# and then create the bundle definition
createBundle > $SCRIPTS/createBundle.js
$CLI $OPTS -f $SCRIPTS/createBundle.js
# sleep to allow the server to get the first snapshot
# this only sleeps for a minute, but it really depends on your environment
# whether that is long enough
sleep 1m
# this pins the new snapshot to the new drift definition
# and then changes the drift interval to the longer, variable-specified
# value
snapshot > $SCRIPTS/snapshot.js
$CLI $OPTS -f $SCRIPTS/snapshot.js
There is no error handling in this shell script. If any step fails, like the initial snapshot taking longer than the sleep period, there is no indication of what went wrong aside from malformed drift or bundle configuration.
9.3. Remedying Drift
To remediate drift, define an alert in the UI and upload a CLI script which can be run, automatically, whenever drift is detected. All the script has to do is deploy the backup bundle to the resource, and there are several different ways to do that.
This example goes through all the basic steps: it pulls the resource information from the alert, searches for the bundle version, and then deploys it to the resource. One nifty thing about this script is that it writes a log file, capturing the alert information that triggered the remediation.
This script can be uploaded directly when the alert definition is created. Before uploading the script, be sure to set the variables to the bundle destination and bundle version that you created when the drift definition was set up.
// - The 'alert' variable is seeded by the alert sender
var bundleDestinationName = 'drift destination'
var bundleVersion = 1.0
var logFile = '/tmp/alert-cli-demo/logs/alert-' + alert.id + '.log'
// Log what we're doing to a file tied to the fired alert id
var e = exporter
e.setTarget( 'raw', logFile )
// Dump the alert
e.write( alert )
// get a proxy for the alerted-on Resource
var alertResource = ProxyFactory.getResource(alert.alertDefinition.resource.id)
// Dump the resource
e.write( " " )
e.write( alertResource )
// Remediate file
// Find the Bundle Destination
var destCrit = new BundleDestinationCriteria()
destCrit.addFilterName( bundleDestinationName )
var result = BundleManager.findBundleDestinationsByCriteria( destCrit )
var dest = result.get( 0 )
// Find the Bundle Version
var versionCrit = new BundleVersionCriteria()
versionCrit.addFilterVersion( bundleVersion )
result = BundleManager.findBundleVersionsByCriteria( versionCrit )
var ver = result.get( 0 )
// Create a new Deployment for the bundle version and the destination
var deployment = BundleManager.createBundleDeployment(ver.getId(), dest.getId(),'remediate drift', new Configuration())
// Schedule a clean deploy of the deployment. This will wipe out the edited file and lay down a clean copy
BundleManager.scheduleBundleDeployment(deployment.getId(), true)
e.write( " " )