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Flood Management and Mitigation Planning
The Chehalis River Basin Flood Control Zone District faced the challenge of developing a comprehensive mitigation plan to offset the impacts of a proposed flood retention structure and levee system on the Chehalis River. Mitigation planning had to occur simultaneously with the development of NEPA and SEPA EIS documents due to budget cycle funding to keep the project on schedule.
Kleinschmidt created a purpose-built team to assess and further quantify the impacts of a proposed flood retention structure storing a temporary pool on the Chehalis River near Pe Ell, WA. Once these impacts were correctly quantified, the team established a Geospatial Unit (GSU) specific approach to mitigate the impacts for both aquatic and terrestrial species and habitats. Key to this effort was the coordination with environmental agencies and gaining their buy-in to the development of mitigation types and quantities by GSU, while not duplicating other efforts in the basin already in motion under the Aquatic Species Restoration Plan (ASRP). The team worked closely with modelers to develop inputs to the Ecosystem Diagnosis and Treatment (EDT) model to assess likely mitigation impacts at the sub reach and project area.
Kleinschmidt's ability to manage the schedule and quality of deliverables while closely coordinating actions with the client and stakeholders resulted in the development of a well-integrated and implementable set of mitigation options that stand the scrutiny of scientific challenges.


Home |Tech | News
Virtual hand gets under the skin
These new amazingly realistic animations of the human hand go way beyond the demands of Hollywood (see video, right). They are detailed enough to shed light on the mystery of how the tendons and muscles of the human hand interact when we move, and should help surgeons reconstruct damaged hands more effectively.
Computer animators are adept at making characters that move realistically, largely thanks to advances in motion capture technology that records the way people move.
But even the best motion capture only records the movement of the body's surface. That's fine for a movie, but surgeons are less superficial. They are interested in the movement of muscles and tendons beneath the skin.
Now hand animations that go below the surface (see video, right), have been made, by Shinjiro Sueda, Andrew Kaufman and Dinesh Pai at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada.
Moving muscle
They used anatomical data from medical images to model the 17 bones and 54 tendons and muscles of the hand and forearm.
The team's software can coordinate the contraction and relaxation of muscles, and the way forces are transmitted by tendons to produce any desired hand gesture.
"Motion capture is data driven - you just capture the data and play it back," says Sueda. "Our approach is a simulation in which the starting point is the physics of muscle and tendon movement."
Sueda's team also clothed their virtual muscles and tendons in a layer of skin. Just like real skin its shape depends on the anatomy beneath it.
Helping hand
"The parameters to control the deformation of the skin aren't biomechanical - it's just cosmetic," says Sueda. But because the underlying controlled muscles and tendons are accurately placed, the result is a hand animation that is highly realistic.
When Sueda's team took screen grabs of their animated hands and compared them to photographs of real hands in the same position, the two sets of images match closely.
The model should be a boon to surgeons, says Sueda. "The network of muscles and tendons in the hand is very complicated," he adds. "Even now people don't know how it actually works in detail."
Although the anatomy of the hand was worked out long ago from dissections, the interplay of all the components when in motion has largely remained a mystery. For this reason, the results of hand surgery can be unpredictable.
Adding realism
When a tendon is damaged, the muscle it's attached to no longer functions properly. Surgeons try to restore movement by taking a nearby tendon and re-routing it along the path of the damaged one. But predicting the results of that is difficult.
"Using our technique, you can show what effect rerouting a tendon would have on the hand before you actually do the surgery," says Sueda.
The new technology has also been built as a plug-in for existing graphics software to allow animators to quickly and easily add more realism to their hand animations.
The new hand animation models will be presented at the SIGGRAPH computer graphics conference in Los Angeles on 15 August 2008.
Movie file can be downloaded here:
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Stimulating Understanding of Computational science through Collaboration, Exploration, Experiment, and Discovery for students with Hearing Impairments
Daphnia and Algae: a Study of Pond Dynamics
This page has additional background material and links to resources that may
help you prepare for and extend the lesson.
This site sells daphnia culture and explains how to raise them.
This site has information on several small crustaceans that can be found living with daphnia.
This site describes a controlled experiment to create a model of the environmental effects on daphnia.
This site gives a lesson plan for using daphnia to investigate drugs like nicotine, caffeine, aspirin, alcohol, and sleeping
pills on the heart rates of Daphnia.
Copyright © _PHONE_ by The Shodor Education Foundation, Inc.
National Science FoundationOpinions expressed are those of the authors
and not necessarily those of the National Science Foundation.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Pregnant women who regularly have milk or yogurt with "good" bacteria may be less likely to suffer the late-pregnancy complication known as pre-eclampsia, a new study finds.
Pre-eclampsia occurs when a woman has a sudden increase in blood pressure after the 20th week of pregnancy. Other signs include protein in the urine and swelling in the face and hands.
The disorder, which affects about five percent of all pregnant women, can be dangerous if unrecognized: it may progress to the rare condition eclampsia, which can cause the mother to have seizures or fall into a coma.
In the new study, researchers found that of more than 33,000 Norwegian women who gave birth over six years, those who consumed probiotic milk or yogurt every day during pregnancy were less likely to develop pre-eclampsia.
Of those women, 4.1 percent developed pre-eclampsia, compared with 5.6 percent of women who did not consume probiotic food.
When the researchers factored in other differences -- like the women's weight, education and smoking habits -- probiotic consumers still had a 20 percent lower risk of pre-eclampsia.
There is no proven way to prevent pre-eclampsia. And the new findings do not mean that probiotics do the trick either, according to Dr. Bo Jacobsson, a researcher at the Institute of Public Health in Oslo who worked on the study.
The results point only to a correlation between higher probiotic intake and lower pre-eclampsia risk. And that link should be tested in future studies, Jacobsson told Reuters Health in an email.
Many pregnant women consume probiotics, he noted, and there is evidence that it's safe. So clinical trials could test whether giving women probiotics reduces pre-eclampsia risk.
That, Jacobsson said, should be done with probiotic capsules -- containing a controlled amount of specific good bacteria -- rather than food.
Probiotics are friendly bacteria added to cultured dairy products; they are marketed as having health benefits such as improved digestion. In theory, probiotics might affect pre-eclampsia development through effects on the immune system and body-wide inflammation. But that remains to be proven.
The current findings, reported in the American Journal of Epidemiology, are based on 33,399 women taking part in a larger Norwegian study of mother and child health.
During pregnancy, the women filled out questionnaires on diet and lifestyle; that included questions on how often they had probiotic milk or yogurt.
Daily probiotic consumers showed a 20 percent lower risk of developing pre-eclampsia. That's a modest difference, Jacobsson said.
He added, though, that it's "important" because it points to a new area of research: the question of whether probiotics can make a difference in pre-eclampsia risk.
For now, Jacobsson said, pregnant women should not "change their food habits" and add probiotic products in the hopes of preventing pre-eclampsia.
No one knows how to prevent pre-eclampsia, but certain factors put women at a greater risk. Those include obesity, having high blood pressure before pregnancy, being pregnant with more than one baby and a history of pre-eclampsia in past pregnancies.
Catching pre-eclampsia is key, so experts urge all women to have regular pre-natal care visits. If the condition develops, the doctor can more closely monitor the pregnancy and, if necessary, deliver the baby early -- which is the only cure for pre-eclampsia.
SOURCE: _URL_ American Journal of Epidemiology, online August 5, 2011.
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Create a care plan for ; knowledge deficit and activity intolerance. | Cheap Nursing Papers
Create a care plan for ; knowledge deficit and activity intolerance.
During her examination, red circular burns were found on Jane's chest. On Jane's back, there are reddened abrasions. When asked about these strange marks, Jane explains that she was having difficulty breathing earlier in the week, and went to a Vietnamese medicine man who treated her with "coining" on her back and "cupping" on her chest to remove the bad air. He also gave her an herbal mixture and told her to boil it and breathe the steam from the mixture three times daily. She says it really helped her.
A. Create a care plan for each of the following nursing diagnoses, using the attached templates:
- knowledge deficit
- activity intolerance
1. Complete a nursing diagnoses chart for each of the diagnoses, using the attached "Nursing Care Plan: Activity Tolerance" and "Nursing Care Plan: Knowledge Deficit," with the following information:
a. subjective data that support the diagnosis
b. objective data that support the diagnosis
c. etiology
d. signs and symptoms
e. two short-term patient outcomes (goals) that are to be achieved before discharge
f. one long-term patient outcome (goal) to be achieved two weeks to six months after discharge
g. two nursing interventions that describe what you should do to help the client meet each short-term and long-term outcome
Note: Interventions should be culturally and developmentally appropriate when applicable.
h. rationale for each nursing intervention, including how the nursing intervention will help the patient achieve the corresponding goal.
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"To dance is above all to communicate, to unite, to join together and to touch others on a fundamental level of existence. Dance is union; union of one human being with another; one person with the cosmos; one human being with God. The spoken language remains within the dominance of a delusion. Words, although seemingly easy to comprehend, can hide images that deceive and lead us into a never-ending labyrinth of Babel like semantics.
Extended conversation more often leads to argument than to concord among man. To dance is also to speak then essential language of animals, to communicate with stone, to understand the song of the sea and the message in the wind, to discover with the stars, to approach the heights of existence itself. To dance is to transcend our poor human condition and to join fully in the profound life of cosmos".

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Here are 5 emergencies faced by Indigenous communities due to the climate crisis
Indigenous people and local communities are disproportionately affected by the climate crisis due to the fact that they live in climate-vulnerable areas and regions prone to extreme weather events.
They also have limited access to resources and infrastructure to face the impacts of climate change. Here are some of the most urgent situations:
- Loss of natural resources
Indigenous and local communities rely on natural resources for their subsistence, but these natural resources are being depleted as a result of the climate crisis. Disrupted climate patterns and biodiversity loss are affecting the availability of food, water, and traditional medicines.
This endangers food security and the health of these communities, who face the challenging task of adapting to these new conditions and finding sustainable ways to survive. For example, in regions where the climate is becoming drier, traditional crops can fail, leaving communities without a reliable food source.
- Forced displacement
Indigenous and local communities often depend on land and natural resources for their livelihoods. As these resources become scarcer, forced displacement, food insecurity, and increased poverty increase.
Forced displacement and land loss can lead to the disintegration of social and community structures, as well as the loss of unique languages, customs, and traditions. In 2020, 30 million people worldwide were forced to leave their homes due to climate-related disastersSave the Children | LA CRISIS CLIMÁTICA FUERZA A UN NÚMERO CRECIENTE DE NIÑOS, NIÑAS Y ADOLESCENTES A DEJAR SUS HOGARES CADA AÑO), a number three times larger than the displacement caused by conflicts and violence.
- Impacts on health and well-being
In many cases, Indigenous people and local communities lack the healthcare infrastructure and resources to deal effectively with diseases and natural disasters that are made worse by extreme temperature changes.
The World Health Organisation predicts that between 2030 and 2050, climate change will cause an additional 250,000 deaths annually from malaria, diarrhoea, extreme heat, and malnutritionLa OMS insta a los países a proteger la salud contra el cambio climático (who.int. Many of these deaths will disproportionately affect the most vulnerable communities, including Indigenous and local communities.
- Loss of culture and identity
Indigenous peoples and local communities possess a wealth of traditional and cultural knowledge passed down from generation to generation. However, as their environments rapidly change, their ways of life are disrupted, jeopardising their ancestral knowledge of sustainable resource management and adapted agricultural techniques.
The loss of this knowledge deprives the world of an important source of wisdom to address environmental challenges that provide innovative and sustainable solutions to the climate crisis. It is crucial to value, preserve, and promote cultural practices and traditional knowledge.
- Lack of representation
Indigenous people and local communities are often excluded from decision-making processes concerning climate change. This prevents them from having a voice in how climate change affects their lives and how it can be addressed.
The climate crisis is having a devastating impact. Indigenous and local communities face a series of urgent and unprecedented situations, including loss of land and livelihood, increased vulnerability to extreme weather events, health impacts, loss of culture and identity, and lack of representation in decision-making spaces.
It is important we take action to address these urgent situations. This includes prioritising resources needed to adapt to the climate crisis, ensuring their voices are heard in decision-making processes, and protecting their traditional lands and resources.
In taking action to address these urgent situations, we need to empower their voices and create choices to build a more resilient future for everyone.


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10. Archeological Excavations at the Platte River
Campground Site (20BZ16), Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore,
Richner, Jeffrey J.
The Platte River Campground archeological site (20BZ16) is located along
the Platte River, within Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore, Michigan.
The site was discovered in 1985 and was also tested in that year. In 1987,
the Midwest Archeological Center conducted archeological excavations at the
site in advance of a planned campground redevelopment program which will
impact portions of the site. Important information on site age and
artifact assemblages was obtained. The site is multicomponent, with
evidence of repeated prehistoric occupations over both the Middle and Late
Woodland Periods in addition to late historic Euro-American uses. Emphasis
in this report is placed upon the prehistoric components.


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Taiwan culture in ghosts?
You may not believe it like they do, or as much as they do.
But know this, visitors to Taiwan: The Taiwanese believe in life after dead – deep in their culture.
Like most Chinese communities, your Taiwanese hosts hold a strong respect for their dead, the afterlife – and the spirits.
Do not be perturbed. As a tourist in Taiwan, are you aware of these key beliefs?
Culture shock quiz: Taiwan ghosts!?
Which of these ideas are true, as far as the Taiwanese believes?
1. Things related to dying or death are taboo, to be avoided among Taiwan folks.
2. Writing someone's name in red ink is auspicious.
3. The 7th month or Hungry Ghost festival is widely (and loudly!) celebrated among the many colourful festivals in the island.
4. Fengshui (ancient Chinese geomancy) is still practised in modern Taipei!
5. In cosmopolitan cities of Taipei and Kaohsiung (Gaoxiong), such beliefs and superstitions are hardly seen, felt or practised.
Smart traveler answers
Ideas 1, 3 and 4 are true. 2 and 5 are false!
These are the answers to the Tourist Poll in the sidebar on your right!
Smart tourist must-know
The Taiwanese has a strong belief in things spiritual and the afterlife!
Believing in the spiritual realm, respecting their dead, taking precautions to draw in good luck while warding off the bad – and even, celebrating a month-long festival relating to the spirits!
As visitors to the island, what are some aspects of these beliefs you will encounter?
Note: This may not be about your beliefs or whether you are being superstitious.
It is much about being aware of Taiwan culture you are touring; not to unwittingly encroach on beliefs and customs so different!
More smart traveler humor (for laughing only!)
Do not write a Taiwanese friend's name in red ink!
Writing Chinese names in red is a big no-no! Red ink is used for the death and the deceased.
Watch out: What other taboo stuff relating to this culture in the spirits do you avoid?
Taipei or other cities are equally thick in their beliefs!
You may see and meet more elaborate expressions of the Taiwanese beliefs in the rural, less modern areas.
Yet throughout the island – in cities or countryside – the locals and their culture in the supernatural are visible and extensive.
Dear Taiwan travelers,
Do you fear the unknown, tourists?
Now you see, a belief in the unseen is so much a part of Taiwan's religious and cultural backgrounds.
What will be other parts of this 'ghost' culture that might shock you in your touring among Taiwanese and their lifestyles?
Smarter Tourists In Taiwan our first E-Book will show you the taboos and how to tread in touring Taiwan – without apprehension!
Back to intro page for more Smart Tourists Taiwan fun mini posts!


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But on Monday, the day after we ran the Kalundborg Winter Marathon, I found myself unable to think straight. Patients and colleagues alike would ask me questions or give me information and I would stare at them as if they were a teacher from Charlie Brown. Normally I would attribute behaviour like this to low blood sugar or lack of sleep. But I am certain neither of these were the case. And my boss said I looked ill and that she was concened about me. Despite being a physician, I find myself unable to explain these untoward effects other than attributing it all to "exhaustion".
Here I am looking kind of dead after the race:
To determine whether or not a marathon is "healthy", one should probably consider the immediate, secondary and long-term effects it has on the body.
1. Short-term health effects:
It is hard to find many short-term health benefits. There is of course that rush of adrenaline and another benefit for most people is burning calories. Negative effects on health include muskuloskeletal injuries, hyponatremia (from drinking too much water), heat stroke, kidney failure (seen rarely in ultras) and the extremely rare but feared sudden cardiac death. In looking at studies of people who die from heart problems in a marathon, these are exclusively people with underlying heart conditions, whether they know it or not. There is also damage and death of cardiac muscle cells during a marathon, shown in multiple studies by a rise in troponin in the blood after a marathon, as one sees with a heart attack. I'll get back to the meaning of that long-term in a bit.
A great study in the British Medical Journal (BMJ. 2007 Dec 22;335(7633):1275-7.) looked at large marathons in cities all around the world and found that one is more likely to die of an accident in the city outside of the race than to die during the race. I think that helps put the issue of marathon safety in perspective. And one of the best things about marathons may be that they result in so many road closures, that numerous traffic-related deaths are prevented.
I have also never come across serious problems pregnant women have had while running marathons. But you can bet your life savings that when the first pregnant woman does make the news for a marathon-related health problem, pregnant women all over the world will decide not to run at all when pregnant.
2. Secondary effects:
Not only does one feel tired, but there is quite a bit of evidence that one's immunesystem functions abnormally for up to 72 hours after a race.
2. Long-term health effects of a marathon:
First of all, it is extremely hard to do good research on the long-term health effects of a marathon, when marathon runners tend to be healthier people in the first place.
But, I did come across one interesting study in a literature search:
It appears that prevalence of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes decreases with the frequency of marathon participation independent of annual running distance (Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009 Mar;41(3):523-9).
As far the long-term effects on the heart, no concensus has been reached. All studies are small and they have found conflicting results (read this article in the New York Times for more info _URL_
Anyone else have thoughts on the subject?
Here are so more pictures from Kalundborg Winter Marathon and a video clip of the marathon from Danish tv:
First the link to the video:
And some pics from Tor Rønnow (minus the naked ladies, thanks, Tor!):
Running Song of the Day: All through the night by Cindi Lauper


Essay on Preparation for the FINAL EXAMThe first
Submitted By zsopen
Words: 365
Pages: 2
Preparation for the FINAL EXAM
The first part of the final exam will be to complete or proofread or choose the correct answer to sentences that will cover all the grammar we have covered this semester.
The second part is to write an essay related to "Julia 'Butterfly' Hill."
Bring to the exam:
A print dictionary
A photocopy of "Julia 'Butterfly' Hill"
Two different types of writing instruments (one color will be for proofreading)
A highlighting pen (see explanation below)
I will provide:
Lined paper
Although NO brainstorming notes will be permitted in the exam, you should brainstorm at home in preparation.
Study Questions: The exam prompt will be closely related to one of the following prompts:
1) Compare yourself to Julia "Butterfly" Hill. Describe her involvement and beliefs and compare them to your own actions and beliefs. (You can focus on your actions and beliefs about the environment or on a different social issue.) Focus on a matter of social importance that interests you, and describe your own style of participation – what are you comfortable doing? What actions make you uncomfortable or seem like a waste of time to you? What actions do you think are helpful to society? Why? [For instance, in San Francisco plastic bags were banned from supermarkets a number of years ago because they are not biodegradable, and they can harm animals that may eat them.]
2) As an activist, Julia Hill believes in the conservation of the forests so strongly that she is


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Methadone-induced Hyperhidrosis Treated With Oxybutynin
Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
OBJECTIVES: This case report aims to help healthcare providers and methadone clinic patients to recognize one of the less recognized adverse effects of methadone, hyperhidrosis, and to suggest oxybutynin as a possible solution. METHODS: A 35-year-old man on methadone maintenance therapy presented with excessive sweating, which began promptly after methadone was introduced. Urine toxicology was conducted every 2 weeks to rule out other illicit substances that may have contributed to the sweating. RESULTS: Oxybutynin (5 mg PO QID) resulted in cessation of the methadone-induced hyperhidrosis within 2 days of starting the medication. CONCLUSIONS: Methadone-induced excessive sweating is an adverse effect of the medication that reportedly affects up to 45% of those prescribed methadone, and oxybutynin is a potent treatment for methadone-induced excessive sweating.
Hong, J., Lee, J., Totouom-Tangho, H., Dunn, N., & Swift, R. (2017). Methadone-induced Hyperhidrosis Treated With Oxybutynin. Journal of Addiction Medicine, 11 (3), 237-238. _URL_


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St. Johns River Water Management District
The St. Johns River Water Management District is responsible for managing ground and surface water supplies in all or part of 18 counties in northeast and east-central Florida. Primary objectives of the District are to provide sufficient water for users and the environment, protect and improve surface water resources and provide flood protection.
Interview with Kirby Green, Executive Director
Kirby Green is the executive director of the St. Johns River Water Management District, a position to which he was appointed on July 11, 2001. A former deputy secretary of the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (DEP), he is a native of Jacksonville, Florida.
Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services
The primary mission of the Department of Agriculture is to: safeguard the public and support Florida's agricultural economy by ensuring food safety and wholesomeness through inspection and testing programs; assist Florida's farmers and agricultural industries with production and promotion of agricultural products; and protecting the state's agricultural and natural resources by reducing wildfires, promoting environmentally safe agriculture practices and managing public lands.
Florida Department of Education
The fundamental premise at the core of the state's education policy is unequivocal: every child can learn and no child should be left behind. Addressing accountability and improving student learning, raising standards and improving training for educators, reducing truancy and improving school safety can realize this policy.
Department of Environmental Protection
The Florida Department of Environmental Protection is the lead agency in state government for environmental management and stewardship. The department administers regulatory programs and issues permits for air, water and waste management. It oversees the State's land and water conservation program, Florida Forever, and manages the nationally award-winning Florida Park Service. The department is the main architect of the $7.8 billion funding and management plan to restore America's Everglades - the largest water restoration project in the history of the world.


Draw Waluigi Step 6
Step 6: Draw Waluigi's big ear by drawing a curve that looks like a backwards letter C on the right side of his face. Underneath the original square shape, draw a curved line that's similar to a letter U for this video game character's pointy chin.
Draw Waluigi Step 7
Step 7: That's it for the initial sketch of Waluigi from Nintendo's Mario Brothers video games! You have the basic Waluigi shape, so now go in and tighten your drawing. From this point on, press harder with your pencil in order to get darker lines and a more defined sketch.
Draw Waluigi Step 8
Step 8: Using the original shape as a guide, darken in Waluigi's nose and make it rounder and curvier.
Draw Waluigi Step 9
Step 9: Now draw Waluigi's thin, evil moustache. Draw a thick line that angles up; it kind of resembles the letter L. Draw the right side of his moustache smaller because of the perspective.
Draw Waluigi Step 10
Step 10: Darken in the shape of Waluigi's mouth and make the bottom curve down slightly. Shade in the left side of his mouth to represent the inside of it. Inside his smile, draw three horizontal lines to indicate the section where Waluigi's teeth come together.
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NSW rivers, lakes and lagoons warming twice as fast as ocean, finds 12-year study
Dominic Boyton stands in front of the ocean
Dominic Boyton is questioning whether to pass on his oyster farm to his children.(
ABC News: Claire Wheaton
Dominic Boyton's Merimbula oyster farm in southern NSW has been in the family for four decades.
His father passed it onto him seven years ago but he's worried about its future viability given the latest findings from the University of Sydney (USYD).
Researchers discovered the state's coastal rivers, lakes and lagoons were warming twice as fast as the ocean.
The average temperatures in those marine ecosystems were up 2.16 degrees Celsius, making breeding harder for some aquatic life.
"Warmer waters could mean we'll see oysters disappearing up the coast or a new outbreak of algae blooms and disease we haven't seen before," Mr Boyton said.
Oysters, he said, were sensitive to heat and because they were difficult to relocate it put growers like him in a vulnerable position.
The world-first study also posed a big problem for the state's multi-million-dollar fishing and aquaculture industry, which underpinned the economies of many coastal towns.
man raking oysters in a box
Oysters are sensitive to environmental changes and difficult to relocate for farmers.(
ABC News: Selby Stewart
Marine biologist Elliot Scanes analysed 12 years of data from 166 NSW estuaries and found the composition of those waterways was shifting.
"We didn't expect it to be so fast," he said.
Acidity also rose in all waterways and at the same time creeks and lagoons were becoming less salty.
"This study is the first major evidence we have to show estuaries are changing on this scale," Dr Scanes said.
The marine biologists said coastal ecosystems were being forced to adapt and there would be winners and losers.
While some species of fish and prawns are likely to be more resilient, shellfish like oysters could be badly affected.
Narooma's Wagonga Inlet with bridge leading over bright blue water, as seen from the air.
Fishing and aquaculture underpins the economy of many coastal towns in NSW.(
ABC Illawarra: Justin Huntsdale
A spokesperson from the Department of Primary Industries (DPI) said the NSW government had several other research projects underway.
They were "examining how expected changes in estuarine water quality associated with climate change may affect species that support NSW fisheries".
Mary Howard from the NSW Wild Caught Fishers Coalition said warmer waters would likely see species begin to migrate.
"It may well be that squid would become more prolific upstream if temperatures were to rise further, and the same with blue swimmer crab," she said.
But for oyster farmers like Dominic, who can't shift location, he's questioning whether it's worth passing the family trade on to the next generation.
"We're trying to do everything we can to stay here but it's scary for my kids," he said.
"If they want to become oyster farmers, I don't know."
Just In


Transition Year Program (TYP) at York University
Ready for a unique opportunity?
The Transition Year Program* (TYP) at York University is a special access program for youth (19+) and adults who are passionate about attending university. TYP@York provides an opportunity to transition to university for those that have previously experienced social and financial barriers to accessing the formal education system.
1. Write your personal statement
We want to understand your personal situation and what has led you to our program. In this way, we can better determine whether this program is right for you. You must type or handwrite a statement to tell us about yourself. Personal statements are typically 1-2 pages in length. Include the following:
 1. your current life situation;
 2. why you want to study at university;
 3. the educational, social, financial and/or personal difficulties that may have acted as barriers to your qualifying for entry to university in the usual way;
 4. what has prompted you to consider university at this time;
 5. the skills you bring; and
 6. your career interests and how they will be enhanced by a university education.
2. Obtain two reference letters
Consider who knows you well and can best speak to your personality, skills, and preparedness for an academic program like TYP (preferably other than a relative). Examples of suitable referees might include a counsellor, teacher, member of a community organization, coach, or religious leader. Each letter should help us to understand what skills and qualities you have that will help you to succeed at university.
Cover pages for reference letters are included in the application form. Provide a cover page to each of your referees. Ask your referees to write a reference letter on your behalf.
Reference letters can be sent directly to the Office of Admissions by your referee or placed in a sealed envelope and submitted with your application.
3. Request school transcript(s), if applicable
Although your previous record in education is not a criterion for admission to this program, we require an official transcript from your high school (normally having completed some grade 11) and from any postsecondary educational institution that you have attended. If a transcript is unavailable, please include a note telling us why.
How to obtain your high-school transcript
There may be a small charge to order a copy of your high school or postsecondary transcript. For privacy reasons, the request for a transcript must come from you. Contact or visit the school directly for further information. The school is required by law to ask for proof of who you are (e.g. birth certificate, driver's license) before providing a copy of your transcript. Ask them to place your transcript in a sealed envelope and then attach this envelope to your TYP application.
4. Complete and submit the application form
This form provides us with your personal information, educational background (in brief), employment history, the names of your references and contact information. You are encouraged to include any additional information that you believe will strengthen your application.
Proof of Status
Applicants who are non-citizen Permanent Residents of Canada or Convention Refugees will be required to submit proof of status from the Canadian government before being eligible to participate in this program.
Submit your application to:
Office of Admissions
(Transition Year Program)
Bennett Centre for Student Services (third floor)
York University
4700 Keele Street
Toronto, On M3J 1P3
What happens after you apply
The TYP Admission Committee reviews your application and considers how well you meet all the eligibility criteria including assessing your commitment to a university education. You will receive a letter with the admission decision in mid-June.
As there are a limited number of spaces, you may not be admitted to the program at this time. However, we will retain your application and encourage you to update your information in time for the next admission cycle and/or recommend other program opportunities that may be more suitable for you.
Financial Assistance
Financial assistance is available to eligible students who have been admitted to the Program. Once you have submitted your TYP application, we will provide information sessions for you to learn how to apply for and receive financial support.


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A Fresh Look at the Number, Effectiveness, and Cost of Meetings in the U.S.
Bad meetings are a big issue in the modern workplace. Just how big of a deal are they?
The most frequently quoted statistics say that there are:
- 11 million meetings in the US per day (Wall Street Journal, Forbes, CBS News, HRM America, CNBC, NPR, Inc.com, MIT Sloan Management Review)
- Up to 50% of these meetings are a waste of time, costing the US $37 billion per year (Business Insider, Inc, BABM, The British Psychological Society)
That's a big problem. Except, these numbers are wrong. We've poured through the research, done the math, and pulled together the most up-to-date information so you don't have to.
The PDF download includes:
- The Numbers: Infographic
- The Story Behind the Numbers
- Question 1: How many meetings are there a day, really?
- Question 2: How effective are all those meetings?
- Question 3: What is the cost to the U.S. economy of wasted meetings?
- Findings: Now what?


The main difference between the two solvents may be the concentration, however, that is true only to some extent. The two solvents have completely different applications and environments in which they could be effectively utilized.
NEW YORK, NY, March 30, 2021 /24-7PressRelease/ — The main difference between the two solvents may be the concentration, however, that is true only to some extent. The two solvents have completely different applications and environments in which they could be effectively utilized. There is much more to it than simply a different concentration of two.
The solvents are alcohol-based, they are manufactured for industrial and home usages, and they both effectively eliminate the bacteria. Both of which can be purchased from our website TaigaFreshness. There are certainly similarities between the two fluids but there are key differences that make them both unique, compared to each other.
Isopropyl Alcohol 70%:
A unique solvent as a concentration of it speaks for itself. Not only there is much less isopropanol within the solvent, which means that the solvent is much less flammable but also it is concentrated for long-term disinfection purposes.
The concentration of 70% makes it less flammable compared to the concentration of 99%, the solvent reduces the risks of toxic fumes and combustions. Regardless of less concentration, the solvent is still highly dryable, as it dries within seconds of application.
The solvent is highly dryable but at the same time, it takes much more time for a solvent to eliminate harmful bacteria on the various surfaces It may take about 5-10 minutes for Isopropyl Alcohol 70% to fully eliminate the harmful microorganisms. However, this characteristic does not make a solvent less effective.
Moreover, because the solvent has a higher application time it is considered much more effective at eliminating harmful bacteria and viruses. Isopropyl Alcohol 99% takes much less time to be fully applied; however, the less concentrated alcohols had better eliminate most of the bacteria and viruses.
The Isopropyl Alcohol 70% is highly recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as it is highly effective in the prevention of the spread of COVID-19; it is widely considered a better chemical than the Isopropyl Alcohol 99% in prevention of COVID19 spreading within the office facilities or homes.
The Isopropyl Alcohol 70% is widely used in medical and laboratory fields, as it easily removes all of the bacteria found on the surfaces and removes dirt and dust. In addition, the solvent can be used as an antiseptic in case of small wounds or scrapes. The solvent evaporates with no residues on the surfaces it is being applied to.
It effectively sanitizes any type of equipment and frequently touched areas, making it a perfect solvent for walk-in centers, hospitals, dentist offices, laboratories, and emergency rooms. It is also used in professional cleaning services, as it easily removes any type of dirt or dust found on the hardly reachable surfaces.
The isopropyl Alcohol 70% concentrated is a perfect solution for deep disinfection of the facility, it may take a longer time for full application but it gives significantly effective results. It is perfect for both home and industrial usage. However, it is not always a perfect solution for fast application; the solution is perfect if you want to disinfect a facility or a surface within a long period.
Isopropyl Alcohol 99%:
The concentration of this solvent is much higher, as it contains around 99% percent of alcohol. Which makes this solvent perfect for fast application and sanitizing of various surfaces.
While the solution is much more flammable, it has a higher concentration, which allows the solvent to be applied much faster than the Isopropyl Alcohol 70%. It is the perfect solvent to sanitize and clean on the go. It is beneficial to household usage and commercial applications.
The fluid is often used to sanitize and clean dust out of various machinery and electronic parts. Its concentration causes no harm to liquid-sensitive parts of the electronics. Isopropyl Alcohol 99% is a perfect solution for your cellular or electronic devices, as many harmful microorganisms are located on frequently used keyboards or touchable screens. A mobile-friendly solution does not harm the internals of your devices and ensures your safety.
Most wide usage of Isopropyl Alcohol 99% involves the nail industry. Isopropyl Alcohol 99% is used heavily in the nail industry for cleaning the surface of the client's nails and producing maximum nail shine.
Isopropyl Alcohol 99% has a variety of uses as it is used by doctors, lab technicians, and even travelers. This solution is perfect for commercial, industrial, and personal usage. Isopropyl Alcohol 99% is unquestionably a solution that will improve all aspects of your hygienic life. Thus, there are innumerable places where this disinfectant can be applied, with its instant effectiveness; it ensures your everyday safety.
Both of the solvents are perfect for disinfection and sanitizing purposes. Both solvents can be used for home and industrial uses. The solvents do contain alcohol that helps them eliminate various harmful particles within seconds of application. The solvents are perfect for cleaning dust and dirt.
The solvents can be equally used for medical and laboratory purposes and as both effectively eliminate harmful COVID19, particles within the surfaces they are being applied to.
The difference between the two solvents lies within the concentration. While the concentration of 99% is perfect for quick and easy disinfection purposes on the go. The concentration of 70% is much more efficient when it is given more time for application, it is highly more effective at fully eliminating harmful bacteria than the concentration of 99%, and thus it stays much longer on the surfaces.
Besides, the application of these solvents differs, 70% concentration is often used for overnight sanitizing purposes, while 99% is used during the day, for quick sanitizing.
The concentration of the solvents makes them differently flammable, 99% tends to be much more flammable, while 70% is less, due to the less alcohol concentration with the solvent.
Which One To Choose:
If you are looking for a solvent that will quickly and effectively eliminate the harmful bacteria on the surfaces, you are applying it to, the Isopropyl Alcohol 99% is a perfect choice. Especially if you are looking for quick results. The solvent is also perfect for many usages, making it ideal for different tasks.
Nevertheless, if you are looking for a solution that will fully eliminate harmful particles and will fully ensure the safety of your facility, the Isopropyl Alcohol 70% is perfect for you. It will successfully eliminate bad bacteria; however, it will take time for the solvent to be fully applied. Many harmful particles including the COVID19 viruses are better eliminated with less concentration of alcohol.
About Us:
Come check out our store for these products and many more! As a chemical distributor across the United States, we provide not only these chemicals but also a variety of others. TaigaFreshness is a licensed supplier of professional quality chemicals and disinfectant products located in South Florida.
The products available for purchase include but are not limited to Isopropyl Alcohol 70%, 99%, Hand Sanitizer Liquid (Non-gel), Propylene Glycol USP PG Kosher PG 99.9%, Vegetable Glycerin USP VG Kosher VG 99.9%, and D-Limonene 100% FOOD GRADE Citrus Solvent.
You can purchase the chemicals for both industrial and home usage as we have appropriate volume options that will satisfy your needs. Products can be purchased in Gallons and Quarts! Our superior products, competitive pricing, and outstanding customer service have earned our reputation as the leader in the chemical disinfectant industry. Let us satisfy your needs for disinfectant and health care products!
For the original version of this press release, please visit here


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Back to Resource Topics
For Parents: Books
||Living With the Active Alert Child: Groundbreaking Strategies for Parents
||Author and psychologist Linda Budd offers hope for parents by spelling out the characteristics of "active alerts" and teaches how to help these children thrive in school and family.
The appearance of any information in the Davidson Institute's Database does not imply an endorsement by, or any affiliation with, the Davidson Institute. All information presented is for informational purposes only and is solely the opinion of and the responsibility of the author. Although reasonable effort is made to present accurate information, the Davidson Institute makes no guarantees of any kind, including as to accuracy or completeness. Use of such information is at the sole risk of the reader.


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The following is a re-publication, in substantial part, of the history of the Piqua Shawnee Tribe of Alabama as originally published by the Alabama Indian Affairs Commission, except as edited and modified herein.
History of the Early Shawnee People in Alabama:
Most historians classify early Shawnee Tribes as a nomadic people because historians have found creditable evidence of Shawnees moving about in North America, settling in various places, and often retaining small family units for long periods of time.
(Note: To the left is a depiction of Blue Jacket (or Weyapiersenwah). Blue Jacket (1743 -- 1810) was a war chief of the early Shawnee in the Ohio Valley who fought in defense of Shawnee land. He was an important predecessor to the famous Shawnee leader Tecumseh. There is no known historical record of Blue Jacket having lived in Alabama.).
Tecumseh, (Right) by Benson Lossing in 1848 based on 1808 drawing.
The State of Alabama has long been the home of many Shawnee people. In fact, some historians report that perhaps the Shawnees have inhabited Alabama for a longer period of time than any other geographic region. Some archaeologists set the date of 1685 as the first evidence of Shawnee settlement in Alabama. However, oral tradition recounts that the Shawnee have lived in Alabama much longer that. Ancient burial sites that used burial methods common to the Shawnee have been located in several sections of the State of Alabama. Early accounts can be confusing since what is now called Alabama was once a part of the Georgia Territory. Several early maps show Shawnee settlements in what is now the State of Alabama.
Early French and English maps show several Shawnee towns in what would be considered Upper Creek territory in Alabama. Some of the most notable were near modern Alabama towns. One village was near present day Talladega and was known in English as Shawnee Town. Another town was near Sylacauga. In 1750 the French took a census mentioning the Shawnee at Sylacauga as well as enumerating another Shawnee town called Cayomulgi (currently spelled Kyamulga Town) that was located nearby. Kiamulgatown was also listed in an 1832 census. A 1761 English census names Tallapoosa Town. This town was also named in a 1792 census by Marbury. There are French military records that mention a Shawnee presence at Wetumpka near Fort Toulouse. In most cases the traders called Alabama Indians "Creeks" because they lived on the numerous creeks and waterways in the area. Many of these "Creeks" were not of the same tribe or nation. Rather they went by a large number of names. Each group maintained their own unique heritage while living side by side with their neighbors.
Piqua Shawnee Tribe, Today:
Now, in the 21st century, there are many descendants who still call the State of Alabama home. Many of their family stories are varied. Some avoided the forced march of the Trail of Tears. Some families escaped into the Cumberland mountains, others hid
in swamps or less traveled places. A careful study of southeastern history that not all settlers agreed with President Andrew Jackson's removal policy. While many people did not escape the forced removal, some did. After the turmoil subsided some families returned. Many families chose to live in outlying rural areas where there was little government scrutiny and their neighbors were not too curious. While a lot was lost, family histories and ways were passed down.
It is out of that background that the Piqua Shawnee Tribe of Alabama members live and work to preserve their unique heritage. The tribe consists of clans that live in several states and Canada. While the majority of the Piqua Shawnee Tribe live in the State of Alabama, with members also living in Tennessee, Kentucky, Ohio, Indiana, Missouri, Texas, Maryland, and South Carolina. Because they are so widely dispersed, they have at least four tribal gathering each year in alternating geographic locations, thereby preventing any of their people from having to travel much further than the others.
If you would like to read more about the Shawnee people, you may find the following books helpful:
1. Shawnee!!, James Howard, Ohio University Press,


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Project Purpose: The Wallisville Lake Project was originally authorized by Congress for five purposes: navigation, salinity control, water supply, fish and wildlife enhancement, and recreation. These purposes are still current today even though the Project is much different now than originally conceived. The Trinity River is navigable by pleasure boats from its mouth and north as far as Liberty, Texas. The Galveston Bay area shrimp fleet utilizes the Trinity as safe harbor during major hurricane events. The Wallisville Lock and Dam and Structure A provide for salinity control by opening and closing depending on tides, river flows, winds, and drought conditions. The Trinity River is a major source of water for the Houston metro area, for several smaller communities, and for irrigation canal districts in both Liberty and Chambers Counties. Unlike most other Corps projects, Wallisville has no impounded reservoir so the bottomland forests, grasslands, streams, marshes, swamps, and pools are still preserved as natural habitats for a wide variety of fish and aquatic animals. Depending on tides and fish movements, anglers could find marine species one day and fresh species the next. Birds, such as colonial waders, shore birds, waterfowl, songbirds, and raptors call Wallisville home for breeding, wintering, or temporary residence during migration. Mammals large and small find forage and shelter in the grasslands, forests, and swamps. And we must not forget our large reptile, the American alligator. Except for the coldest part of the winter, visitors can expect to see alligators, sunning along stream or pool banks, or swimming in the Project's waters. Parks, Recreation Areas, and the Visitor Center provide opportunities for picnicking, hiking, birding, primitive camping, fishing, canoeing and kayaking, and other activities for visiting families. Fishing can be enjoyed year-round and during waterfowl season hunters can try their luck and aim on the many waterfowl that migrate through the project.
Project History: Efforts to construct a saltwater barrier and/or reservoir at Wallisville on the Trinity River began in 1952. Congress first authorized the construction of the project through the River and Harbor Act of October 22, 1962. The government purchased the property and construction began in 1966. At this point, the project would have been a 19,700 acre reservoir with surface elevation of four feet above mean sea level. A contract for water supply, salinity control, and recreation was signed between the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the Trinity River Authority, the Chambers-Liberty Counties Navigation District, and the City of Houston and was approved by the Secretary of the Army on February 2, 1968. In September 1971, a lawsuit was filed by the Sierra Club in U.S. District Court against the construction of the project. At approximately 72 percent complete, the construction was halted in 1973 by a summary judgment decision of the court. Between 1973 and 1987 the project was revised and reevaluated. And in May of 1987 the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals dismissed the lawsuit in favor of the government and lifted the injunction against continuing construction. Then in November of 1989 a pair of nesting bald eagles was discovered near Miller Lake and the project was reevaluated again. It was this reevaluation that gave rise to the project as it stands today: a set of levees along the east and west banks of the Trinity in conjunction with the dam across the Trinity, the navigation lock and engineered navigation channel, the gated control structure on main stem of the Trinity, Structure A in the Cut-Off near Pickett's Bayou, Structure B at the head of Lost River, and our parks and recreation areas. The original 39,000 feet long concrete dam structure across the marsh was abandoned after it was breached in 2001 to allow for normal water flows of the Old River and several smaller streams and bayous. Cedar Hill Park was completed in October 2000 and is leased to Chambers County for operation and maintenance. The JJ Mayes Wildlife Trace was opened to the public in May 2003. Hugo Point Park was opened in August 2003 and is leased to Chambers County for operation and maintenance.


Coordinate Graphing Pictures Printable
Introduction for Coordinate Graphing Pictures Printable:
The coordinate graphing is called the Cartesian coordinates plane. The graph consists of a pair of perpendicular lines called coordinate axes. The vertical axis is the y axis and the horizontal axis is the x axis. The point of intersection of these two axes is called the origin of coordinate graphing pictures printable.
It is the zero point of the both axes. Furthermore, point to the right of the origin on the x axis and above the origin on the y axis represent positive real numbers. Points to the left of the origin on the x axis or below the origin on the y axis represent negative real numbers.
coordinate graphing pictures printable
There are four regions cut off by the coordinate graphing axes are, in counter clocking direction form the top right, called the first, second, third and fourth quadrant, respectively. The first quadrant contains all points with two positive coordinates.
Coordinate Graphing of X and Y Axis – Coordinate Graphing Pictures Printable:
In the graph show, two points are identified by the ordered pair, (x,y) of numbers, The x coordinate graphing pictures is the first number and the y coordinates graphing pictures is the second number.
Coordinates graphing pictures:
To plot a point on the graph when given the coordinate graphing pictures, draw perpendicular lines from the number line coordinates to the point where the two lines intersect.
coordinate graphing pictures printable
To find the coordinate graphing pictures of a given point on the graph, draw perpendicular lines from the point to the coordinates of the graph number comma is used to separate the two.
In this case, point A has the coordinate graphing (4,2) and the coordinates graphing of point B are (-3,-5).
coordinate graphing pictures printable
For any two point A and b with coordinate graphing pictures(X,Y) and (xn,Yn), respectively, the distance between A and B is represented by
AB = √((XA - XB)2 + (YA - YB)2)
This is commonly known as the distance formula for the Pythagorean theorem.
Plotting Points of Coordinate Graphing – Coordinate Graphing Pictures Printable
Plot the point (-3,2) on the graph coordinate below:
coordinate graphing pictures printable
Step 1 coordinates graphing is to find the point 3 along the x axis. Draw a dashed vertical line through that point. See the below diagram
Step 2 coordinate graphing is to find the point 2 along the y axis. Draw a dashed horizontal line through the point.
Step 3 coordinate graphing is to plot the point where the two dashed lines intersect with a solid circle. This is point (-3,2). See the below figures.
This is how the coordinate graphing principle printable will display.
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IEI 126 - Vocabulary and Literacy 2
Emphasizes acquisition of listening strategies in English. Practice understanding general meaning, distinguishing common reductions in speech and hearing, and pronouncing the distinctive consonant sounds of English. Prerequisite: IEI 115 or permission of the program director.
College: University College
Prerequisite: IEI 115


In order to schedule a task, a component needs a pointer to the Scheduler, which is usually set as a component property. The component schedules a new task by calling addScheduledJob on the Scheduler. The Scheduler executes the job as scheduled.
When the Scheduler executes a job, it calls performScheduledTask on the object that performs the task, which must implement atg.service.scheduler.Schedulable. Typically, the component that schedules the task is also the Schedulable component that executes it, but this is not strictly required.
When a component schedules a task, it must provide the Scheduler with the following information:
All of this information is encapsulated in a ScheduledJob object, which is passed to the Scheduler's addScheduledJob() method.
When a job is added to the Scheduler, the Scheduler returns an integer job ID, which you can later use to reference that job. For example, to stop a scheduled job, you can call removeScheduledJob on the Scheduler, passing in the ID of the job to stop.
When the Schedulable object is called to perform a task, it is passed the ScheduledJob object that was used to schedule that task. This is useful in the case where a single service is supposed to perform several kinds of scheduled tasks, and needs the properties of the ScheduledJob to determine which task it is supposed to perform.


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Participants in the PES program receiving their payments for conserving trees.
A new Northwestern University study suggests that paying people to conserve their trees could be a highly cost-effective way to reduce deforestation and carbon emissions and should be a key part of the global strategy to fight climate change.
The study, led by Seema Jayachandran, associate professor of economics in the Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences at Northwestern, sought to evaluate how effective "Payments for Ecosystems" (PES) is at reducing deforestation. PES is a program in which people are given financial rewards for pro-environment behaviors.
In the study, people who owned forest in 60 villages in western Uganda were given cash rewards if they kept their forest intact and refrained from deforesting it. Forest owners in another 61 villages in western Uganda received no monetary incentives.
"We found that the program had very large impacts on forest cover," said Jayachandran, also a faculty fellow with Northwestern's Institute for Policy Research. "In the villages without the program, 9 percent of the tree cover that was in place at the start of the study was gone by the end of it, two years later. In the villages with the PES program, there was 4 to 5 percent tree loss. In other words, there was still deforestation, but much less of it.
"It wasn't the case that only forest owners who were planning to conserve anyway enrolled," Jayachandran said. "The payments changed people's behavior and prompted them to conserve. And we didn't find any evidence that they simply shifted their tree-cutting elsewhere. This truly was a net increase in forest cover in the study region."
The first of its kind, the study applies the method of field experiments, or randomized controlled trials, to the question of how effective PES is. The study design helped the researchers accurately measure the averted deforestation caused by the program.
Jayachandran said the cost effectiveness of the program compared to other approaches to reduce carbon emissions, such as subsidies for hybrid or electric vehicles in the U.S., was eye opening.
"A major contribution of the study was to compare the benefit of reduced deforestation to the cost of the program. What's that extra forest worth to society? We do that by applying what's called the 'social cost of carbon,'" Jayachandran said.
"This is an estimate that others have come up with for the economic damage to the world from each ton of CO2 that is emitted. We found that the benefit of the delayed CO2 emissions was over twice as large as the program costs. For many other environmental policies, the value of the averted CO2 is in fact smaller than the program costs."
The findings highlight the advantages of focusing on developing countries when working to reduce global carbon emissions. While the benefit of conserving a tree is the same regardless of the location, paying individuals to conserve forests in developing countries like Uganda is less expensive, making it cheaper to reduce overall emissions.
Today, with deforestation accounting for a substantial portion of human-induced carbon emissions, the researchers describe the payment program they studied as "a cost-effective way to avert deforestation in developing countries — and hence a powerful tool to mitigate climate change."
- Seema Jayachandran, Joost de Laat, Eric F. Lambin, Charlotte Y. Stanton, Robin Audy, Nancy E. Thomas. Cash for carbon: A randomized trial of payments for ecosystem services to reduce deforestation. Science, 2017; 357 (6348): 267 DOI: 10.1126/science.aan0568
Article Disclaimer: This article was published by the Science Daily and retrieved on 07/22/2017 and posted at INDESEEM for information and educational purposes only. The views and contents of the article remain those of the authors. We will not be held accountable for the reliability and accuracy of the materials. If you need additional information on the published contents and materials, please contact the original authors and publisher. Please cite the authors, original source, and INDESEEM accordingly.


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Duke has a long and proud history of support from individuals, whose gifts have helped make the university what it is today. The largest of those gifts, such as the establishment of The Duke Endowment by James B. Duke in 1924, are well celebrated, their legacies literally cemented into the university's physical campus. But the thousands of smaller contributions Duke has received throughout its history often reveal a more intimate portrait of Duke's connection to its donors. Such a gift came in 1946, when longtime Duke employee George-Frank Wall made a bequest to Duke, one whose symbolism outsized its monetary value.
The story starts in 1870, when President Braxton Craven hired fourteen-year-old George Wall, a former slave, to help out on Trinity College's campus in Randolph County. Known to everyone around campus as "Uncle George," Wall worked for Trinity (and later, Duke) for sixty years. When Trinity moved to Durham in the 1890s, Wall followed. He purchased land near the Durham campus and helped establish the neighborhood later named for him, Walltown.
Upon learning of his death in 1930, John Franklin Crowell, former president of Trinity, wrote to the Alumni Register: "During my latest visit to Durham, I learned incidentally that George Wall lived in the vicinity. President Few sent for him so that we might meet again, and ours was a happy half hour in recalling old times. We seemed to be like old friends cordially enjoying each other's recollections as coworkers. The cordial spirit in which we chatted caused some to remark what a fine friendly feeling prevailed between President and Janitor of the same institution, after more than thirty years of separation." Crowell wrote that he considered Wall's death a personal loss.
George-Frank Wall, one of George Wall's nine children, was born sometime before Christmas of 1871. (The exact date is unknown.) Frank, as he was known, often helped his father clean and make beds for students at Trinity. He did not receive a formal education and likely could not read or write. But like his father, he became an integral part of Durham and campus life, raising four sons in Walltown and continuing to work at Duke until his death in 1953. Longtime director of dining halls Ted Minah dubbed Wall the "Sheriff of the Dining Halls," as Wall was assigned to enforce the cleanliness of the dining facilities. When Wall wrote his will in 1946, he elected President Robert Flowers as executor of his estate.
That will stated that all Wall's worldly possessions should go to his wife—except for $100. That—the equivalent of about $1,200 today—he reserved for Duke.
"The reason that I am giving Duke University the One Hundred Dollars," the will states, "is that I have been employed by said School all my life, from Old Trinity in Randolph County, to Trinity College in Durham, thence Duke University where I am now employed. I want to impress on other colored men, the fine and good relations between Christian White People and Christian Negroes. For seventy-five years, I have been employed by said institution and never a cross word but Christian Harmony."
Wall's gift, which was added to the scholarship fund, came at a time when Duke did not admit African-American students. It would not be until ten years after his death that the first black undergraduates enrolled. In the years since, two descendants of the elder George Wall's nine children have graduated from Duke, according to the Wall family.
The family connection that inspired Wall's generosity is visible in many other aspects of university life, as well. In recent years, Duke has forged new partnerships with the Walltown neighborhood, including a neighborhood health clinic, a children's theater, and a DukeEngage project to help middle-school students learn about the history of their neighborhood.
Throughout Duke's history, thousands of employees and alumni have shown their support of Duke with gifts large and small. Stories like those of George-Frank Wall and his family's enduring bond to Duke help us remember that the true value of those gifts isn't always measured in dollars and cents.
Gillispie is Duke's university archivist.


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Hutong means a lane or alley, formed by lines of Quadrangles where old Beijing residents live, witness the vicissitude of the city. The gray-tiled houses and deep alleys crossing with each other in identical appearance like a maze, you will find it much fun to walk through but be care not to lost yourself.
According to experts, the word Hutong originated from Mongolian language meaning "well". In ancient times, people tended to gather and live around wells. So the original meaning of Hutong should be a place where people gather and live.
A 37-metre-wide road was called an avenue, an 18-metre-wide one was called a street, and a 9-metre-wide lane was called a Hutong. Most of today's Hutong were formed during the Ming and Qing Dynasties that followed.
Nobody knows exactly how many Hutongs there are in nowadays Beijing. But one thing is for sure, if we connected all the Hutongs together, their total length would even be longer than the famous Great wall, which is about 4000 miles longer. Or to make it clear, it could build a highway from Seattle to Boston, all across America!
In old times, transportation was not as convenient as today, street vendors played a very important role in Hutong life. They wandered from lane to lane selling various goods or providing all kind of services. People could judge the goods or services from their peddling or the sounds of their special instruments. The food they sold usually include baked pancakes, seasoned millet mush, or Youzhaguo, a kind of deep-fried twisted dough sticks, and all kinds of vegetables.
The main attraction of Hutong life is friendly and interpersonal communication. Children living in one courtyard play together and grow up together like one big family. So now our government is trying to preserve such Hutong area in Beijing. Without permission, nobody is allowed to tear down old houses to build high-rise apartments. We want to save it as a treasure to show our later generations what Beijing used to be like.


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It makes sense for Australia to be part of a large global effort to make it easier to
identify, assess and respond to invasive species, according to The Hon John Kerin
AM, a member of the Board of The Crawford Fund and Chair of the Interim
Advisory Committee to the Australian Weed Research Centre.
Mr Kerin will be chairing a Crawford Fund workshop on 11 March 2009 to help raise
awareness of, and encourage Australian support for, a project to build the world's
most comprehensive encyclopaedia of invasive species – the Invasive Species
Compendium (ISC). The workshop is also being supported by the Cooperative
Research Centre for National Plant Biosecurity (CRCNPB).
Invasive species are the second greatest threat to global biodiversity next to habitat
destruction costing an estimated global US$1.5 trillion per year in environmental
and economic damage.
The Invasive Species Compendium is led by CABI (a not-for-profit, science-based
development and information organisation) and supported by an International
Development Consortium of public and private sector partners. It will be used as a
powerful knowledge resource base to address critical issues concerning the impact
of thousands of invasive species on the environment, biodiversity, agriculture,
forestry and fisheries. Currently however, there are no Australian institutions
participating in the project.
"Invasive plants and animals are major and growing threats to Australia
economically, environmentally and to our health and culture," said Mr Kerin, a
former Federal Minister for Primary Industries.
"The animal and plant worlds act as hosts for human diseases and many weed
species provide shelter for feral animals and dangerous insects. Invasive plants are
the main threat to 45% of threatened and endangered species and eco-systems in
NSW alone," he said.
"Over 28,000 foreign plants have been brought into Australia and over 6,000 are
now weed species."
"It makes sense for Australia to be part of global consortia and databases from both
national and development assistance points of view."
The ISC will cover recognition, biology, distribution, impact and management of
invasive species making it easier to identify, assess and respond to threats.
The workshop in Canberra on 11 March will review the global project, present the
benefits and commitments of participation and outline the opportunities for a
number of Australian institutions who may wish to become involved in its
development. A broad range of Australian research and development organisations
from both State and Federal government agencies will attend the workshop.
"At present, awareness of the ISC in Australia is fairly low. But the benefits of the Compendium to the country's research community cannot be underestimated." said Elizabeth Dodsworth, Global Director Knowledge Management, CABI.
"The ISC will bring the most extensive and authoritative compilation on thousands
of invasive species to the fingertips of the people who need it most and we are
thrilled to be able to discuss it at the Crawford Fund's workshop," she said.
CABI is an organisation already well-renowned for benefiting the research
community in Australia. It led the development of four compendia products: Crop
Protection, Forestry, Animal Health and Production, and Aquaculture. On
reviewing the benefits of these products in 2007, the Australian Centre for
International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) put their value in terms of time-saving
by Australian public-service staff at US$ 1.1 million per year
The ISC project is being managed in phases. Phase one was completed in 2008
with coverage of 1,000 species. Once launched in 2010, the Compendium will be
continually maintained, improved and updated to ensure that researchers have
access to the very latest and most accurate information.
For further information and to arrange interviews contact:
Cathy Reade, Public Awareness Coordinator, Crawford Fund 0413 575 934 or
Lynsey Sterrey, PR and Corporate Communications Manager, CABI on + (0) 1491 829361
Additional information on the ISC:
The ISC will cover recognition, biology, distribution, impact and management of invasive
species, on a global basis. Invasive species of all taxa will be covered, including plants,
fungi, bacteria, viruses, insects, nematodes, molluscs and vertebrates. Their impact on
natural ecosystems and on biodiversity will be considered, and also on systems managed
for agriculture, forestry, aquaculture etc. Decision-support tools will be included, e.g. for
diagnosis and risk analysis. GIS will be used to display geographic distributions. Extensive
reference materials will be available, including illustrations, library documents, bibliographic
abstracts, case studies and statistical data.
Content is derived from thousands of expert contributors, from throughout the world. The
ISC's authority derives from their expertise, from verification through peer review, and from
quality control through rigorous editing.
Other content is derived from existing compilations of knowledge on invasive species, from
organizations such as ISSG, GISP and IABIN.
Content is presented dynamically through the Compendium technology - on an advanced
web-based platform combining databases, text, images, GIS, taxonomic relationships and
decision-support tools in an interactive framework. This is designed to respond intuitively to
linkages made by the user, both within the Compendium and in relationships with other
local or remote knowledge bases.
About CABI: CABI is a not-for-profit, science-based development and information organisation with nine centres worldwide. CABI's mission and direction is influenced by its 45 member countries that help guide the organisation's activities. These include projects and consultancy, information for development, scientific publishing and mycological services. For more information, visit _URL_.
About the Crawford Fund: The ATSE Crawford Fund was established in June 1987 by The Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering. It was named in honour of the late Sir John Crawford and commemorates his outstanding services to international agricultural research. The Fund depends on grants and donations from governments, private companies, corporations, charitable trusts and individual Australians. It also welcomes partnerships with agencies and organisations in Australia and overseas.
The Fund promotes and supports international R&D activities in which Australian research organisations and companies are active participants. It supports the work of the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR), the Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID), and the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). For more information, visit _URL_


1814, Jul 171879, Dec 4
an early leader in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints who was a clerk and scribe to the Mormon religious leader Joseph Smith. Clayton, born in England, was also an American pioneer journalist, inventor, lyricist, and musician. In September 1840, Clayton led a group of British converts who emigrated to the United States. He and his family first tried to farm in Iowa Territory, then settled in the predominantly Latter Day Saint community of Nauvoo, Illinois. There he was a clerk and scribe to Joseph Smith.
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Native American Life on the Great Plains
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For centuries, trade was a major part of the livelihood for Native Americans living on the Great Plains. The Missouri River provided a trade transportation route for Native Americans, European, and American trappers and traders. Agriculture-based tribes traded surplus food to nomadic tribes in exchange for goods, such as animal hides, feathers, and meat. The map above shows the prehistoric trade route between tribes of the Northern Plains.
Fun Fact: The first contact between Northern Plains Indians and Europeans was European commodities, not the Europeans themselves, through a network of trade.
Photo source: Library of Congress
Next: More popular galleries


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Films released on DVD offer a wealth of resources that can be harnessed for the classroom. The Diamond Edition of Disney's Beauty and the Beast is a fine example of this. The blue ray edition offers teachers a plethora of resources including:
- Special Extended and Original Theatrical Editions: Two versions of Beauty and the Beast are available from the outset. A 92-minute "Special Extended Edition" and the film's 85-minute theatrical cut.
- Storyreel Picture-in-Picture Experience: Students can view the theatrical cut alongside the filmmakers' original storyreel, an incredibly early version of the film that features rough animation, hand-drawn storyboards and other preproduction artwork.
- Audio Commentary: Producer Don Hahn and co-directors Kirk Wise and Gary Trousdale discuss the Special Extended Edition of Beauty and the Beast and waste little time doing so. The trio dissect the story and characters, the animation techniques utilized throughout the film, its place in Disney history, the dialogue and songs, casting and the voice recording sessions, the challenges they faced during its long and complex production and much, much more. It's a thoroughly engaging and informative track that should not be missed.
- Sing Along Track: The Special Extended cut even offers a text-based "Sing Along Mode" for center based learning or sing along as a group.
- Fast Play: Looking for yet another way to watch Beauty and the Beast? In a fit of overkill, the BD wizards at Disney have also devised a "Fast Play Mode" that allows you to customize and automate the viewing experience based on classroom time constraints.
- Beyond Beauty (HD, 157 minutes): An interactive, feature-length behind-the-scenes documentary teeming with worthwhile bonus content all its own (simply press "enter" when the on-screen icons appear to extend the experience further). A handy pop-up menu even keeps track of which sub-featurettes and branching segments you have and haven't watched, making the whole of the documentary as effortless as it is extensive.
- Classic DVD Bonus Features (SD, 62 minutes): The previously released DVD's high quality materials are included as well, albeit in standard definition. "The Story Behind the Story" digs into seven separate Disney films; Hahn presides over an early presentation reel and an alternate version of "Be Our Guest;" Menken unveils an alternate score for "The Transformation;" Hahn and Menken introduce "Human Again," a deleted song comprised of storyboards; a collection of "Animation Tests, Roughs & Clean-Ups" proves to be an all-too-short treat; a "Camera Move Test" provides a glimpse at the virtual sets created for the film's most complex shots; a "Music Video" features Celine Dion performing "Beauty and the Beast;" and a series of trailers and TV spots will satisfy completists.
- Composing a Classic (HD, 20 minutes): Composer Alan Menken, music agent and Disney historian Richard Kraft, and producer Don Hahn chat at length about the film's rousing songs and musical score, as well as the art of furthering a story through music.
- Broadway Beginnings (HD, 13 minutes): A string of name-that-face celebrities, production team members and stage actors wax poetic about the Broadway adaptation of the film.
- Music Video (HD, 3 minutes): Jordin Sparks performs "Beauty and the Beast."
- Enchanted Musical Challenge (HD): A more accessible game in which players have to search the Beast's castle and answer trivia questions to find four of Belle's friends.
Many reviewers don't see the value in some of the resources in the Diamond Edition but for those of in the classroom, its a powerful tool that allows us to incorporate pop culture into our lesson plans.


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From "The Dr. Oz Show" to "The Doctors" and myriad other self-help programs, the importance of proper nutrition is touted as essential for overall health. We not only eat well to stay physically fit, maintain stamina or improve our chances against certain diseases, we eat nutritious foods to help ward off mental fatigue, irritability and a host of other psychological conditions.
Therefore, if we know and appreciate the importance of proper nutrition to maintain good mind and body health, why then do the prison systems seemingly overlook the need for well-balanced meal plans and access to healthier foods? Could hunger be a significant cause of inappropriate behavior inside prisons?
Some would point out that inmates get three meals a day and have access to commissary foods, so why should they be complaining? Those who visit inmates understand that most meals the inmates receive (including at the Butler County Prison) are based on caloric intake instead of traditional nutritional guidelines.
If the lack of proper nutrition is just a simple matter of not enough taxpayer dollars, does that give the county or state prison systems the right and justification not to provide the basic human necessities for health and life?
On March 1, 2003, an article in Psychology Today spotlighted studies on the connection between the lack of proper nutrition and criminal behavior.
Bernard Gesch, a scientist and former probation officer in the United Kingdom, was inspired to further his research after he noticed that his young offenders showed behavioral improvements while taking vitamin supplements. Later, Gesch conducted an experiment at a maximum-security prison in the United Kingdom involving 231 inmates.
To one group he supplied the inmates with daily capsules containing vitamins, minerals and essential fatty acids; the other group received a placebo.
He found that those who received the supplements broke prison rules 25 percent less often than those taking the placebo. Yet, more remarkably, the greatest reduction was for the more serious offenses such as fighting and assaulting guards, which dropped by 37 percent.
His control group showed no change at all.
If Gesch is correct, it is a welcome discovery that could revolutionize the rehabilitation of criminal offenders and ease conflicts inside our prisons.
We at the Friends and Family of Inmates Support Group, which meets at 6 p.m. on the second Monday of each month at the Mental Health Association, 140 N. Elm St., hear time and time again that our loved ones often are hungry.
I challenge those officials who are responsible for prison food allocations to carefully examine what they are feeding the inmates.


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Make provisions for college education when you divorce
No matter how old your children are when your marriage ends, you want to make sure they get the best possible start in life. In Illinois, state law actually requires parents to provide for their children as they pursue education after high school.
When negotiating your divorce and child support agreement, review the requirements about support during the college years.
What types of expenses qualify?
Illinois courts can mandate that parents cover the costs of vocational school, college, professional school or university for children ages 18 to 23. In addition to tuition and fees, the court order can include food, transportation, textbooks, health care costs, housing and other reasonable living expenses based on the average cost of living for a student in the current academic year at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
What factors does the court consider?
When deciding on a fair contribution to college education costs, Illinois judges make sure that parents can save for their own retirements. They review the financial resources of both parents and the child, the child's performance in college, and the family's standard of living before and after the divorce. The court allows parents to end monetary support if the child completes a bachelor's degree program, marries or becomes ill and cannot continue schooling. They cannot discontinue support if the child receives a jail sentence, joins the military or becomes pregnant.
Parents can make their own decisions about providing support for college when they negotiate a prenuptial or divorce agreement. The judge will review these documents and make sure they adhere to state law.


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Speed + Quality + People + Machine + Materials + Customer = Output (Profit, Costs, Etc.)
Overall Equipment Efficiency is more than just a buzzword, it's a detail every manufacturer must know in order to improve the bottom line.
We talked before about If You Can Measure It, You Can Improve It. There are so many variables to be measured in the folding carton industry, from job to job or even from machine to machine. Our WIP Tracker product idea came from a software product for athletes, who need to monitor multiple variables to improve their performance.
Cyclists, for example, can monitor time or distance ride to ride – but that isn't a clear enough picture. Think about all the variables in tracking performance during a bike ride:
- Weather – rain, snow, wind or sunny
- Hills and terrain
- Distance into the ride
- Heart Rate
- Time of day
- Type of ride – practice, fun, race
All of this data is then consolidated so you can see all of the variables during each ride.
These very same principles apply to folding carton manufacturing
- How do you know which materials are run well on your machines? If you could know for sure that paperboard from supplier A always runs faster, better, cleaner than supplier B, wouldn't you want to know?
- Or, if Operator X always complains that the machine gives him/her issues while running a job, but Operator Y runs the same job, same machine without issue – and much faster – you'd want to know, right? This information would allow you to better cross train that operator X, and thus increase efficiency and make more money on those jobs.
- Say you ran Job A in February and again in May – but the May run was way off in terms of timing, it shouldn't have taken as long. Then you ran it again in June and time was improved, but the machine and operator were the same. How could you find out what was different? This is exactly the type of data and insights missing from the shop floor. You need visibility to humidity, materials supplier, operator, and other many other metrics to improve reporting and production review. You can monitor and respond in real-time, and review all of this information before setting up a repeat job. This exact information empowers you to quote, schedule, and run more effectively.
This is the type of contextual data that can put you ahead of other folding carton manufacturers. You're able to measure all data points where they intersect at the micro (and actionable) level.
What type of information can WIP Tracker monitor?
- Machine Speed
- Waste Report
- Supplier / Materials
- Job (customer, carton, printing)
- Humidity Levels
- So much more
At any point of the job run, you can have reports that tell you: This person, ran this material this time of day at this humidity level and their output was ____.
Pretty powerful information, giving you a competitive advantage. Let's talk about putting this to work for you. Request a demo today.


text: Engine knock is characteristic of an uncontrolled combustion process and can cause engine damage. That is prevented by a knock sensor, a noise sensor near the engine. It senses knock and transmits information to the electronic engine management control unit. This influences process control in the engine, for example timing and fuel injection until knock is eliminated. Knock is frequently caused by fuel that does not comply with the required minimum quality.


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When it comes to mastitis, heifers are often overlooked. But that's a mistake, since 75% of heifers have some form of clinical mastitis, Dr. Steve Nickerson said Friday at World Dairy Expo.
Nickerson, professor of dairy science at the University of Georgia and a specialist in bovine mastitis, said heifers frequently get mastitis though naturally occurring bacteria that lives on their bodies, especially on their teats. The bacteria enter the teats openings, spreading to cause mastitis.
But flies also play a major role in heifer mastitis. Horn flies are particular problems. The flies not only pester heifers by feasting on blood drawn from animals' backs but also suck blood from vessels in the skin of teats, causing irritation. That can cause lesions that quickly transform a healthy udder and teats into areas covered in scabs. Once the bacteria spread into the teats, intramammary infection and tissue scarring are likely to result in the still-growing heifers.
Flies also are vectors for transmitting mastitis-causing bacteria. Staph. aureus is a major problem among heifers, Nickerson said.
Treatment can be highly successful, but prevention is key, he added. Some sort of fly control should be employed, especially during the summer months when fly populations are at their peak.
Fly control can be achieved through ear tags, pour-ons, sprays or insect growth regulators, and should be combined with a proper integrated pest management program.
"Herds with fly control programs have much lower levels of mastitic heifers," Nickerson said.
When heifers are allowed to freshen free of mastitis, lower somatic cell counts and maximum milk production are likely to result.
Central Life Sciences sponsored Friday's session.