Alpine plant
Alpine plants are plants that grow in an alpine climate, which occurs at high elevation and above the tree line. There are many different plant species and taxon that grow as a plant community in these alpine tundra.[1] These include perennial grasses, sedges, forbs, cushion plants, mosses, and lichens.[2] Alpine plants are adapted to the harsh conditions of the alpine environment, which include low temperatures, dryness, ultraviolet radiation, wind, drought, poor nutritional soil, and a short growing season.
Some alpine plants serve as medicinal plants.
Alpine meadow in the North Cascades, Washington, United States
Alpine plants occur in a tundra: a type of natural region or biome that does not contain trees. Alpine tundra occurs in mountains worldwide. It transitions to subalpine forests below the tree line; stunted forests occurring at the forest-tundra ecotone are known as Krummholz. With increasing elevation it ends at the snow line where snow and ice persist through summer, also known as the Nival Zone.
Alpine plants are not limited to higher elevations. However, high-elevation areas have different ecology than those located at higher latitudes.[3] One of the biggest distinctions is that the lower bound of a tropical alpine area is difficult to define due to a mixture of human disturbances, dry climates, and a naturally lacking tree line.[4] The other major difference between tropical and arctic alpine ecology is the temperature differences. The tropics have a summer/winter cycle every day, where as the higher latitudes stay cold both day and night. In the northern latitudes, the main factor to overcome is the cold. Intense frost action processes have a profound effect on what little soil there is and the vegetation of arctic alpine regions.[5] Tropical alpine regions are subject to these conditions as well, but they seldom happen. Because northern alpine areas cover a massive area it can be difficult to generalize the characteristics that define the ecology.[6] One factor in alpine ecology is wind in an area. Wind pruning is a common sight within northern alpine regions. Along with wind pruning, wind erosion of vegetation mats is a common sight throughout Alaska.[7]
Growth and development
Long-lived perennial herbs are the most common type of plant in alpine environments, with most having a large, well-developed root and/or rhizome system.[8] These underground systems store carbohydrates through the winter which are then used in the spring for new shoot development.[8] Some species of saxifrages have small root systems, but are evergreen.[8] The leaves of these plants store energy in the form of carbohydrates and lipids.[8] Alpine plants go into vegetative dormancy at the end of the growing period, forming perennating buds with the shortening photoperiod.[8]
Seedling establishment is very slow and occurs less often than vegetative reproduction.[8] In the first year of growth of perennial alpine plants, most of the photosynthate is used in establishing a stable root system which is used to help prevent desiccation and for carbohydrate storage over winter.[8] In this year, the plant may produce a few true leaves, but usually only the cotyledons are produced.[8] It usually takes a few years for plants to become well established.[8]
Alpine plants can exist at very high elevations, from 300 to 6,000 metres (1,000 to 20,000 ft), depending on location.[8][9] For example, there is a moss that grows at 6,480 m (21,260 ft) on Mount Everest.[9] Arenaria bryophylla is the highest flowering plant in the world, occurring as high as 6,180 m (20,280 ft).[10]
In order to survive, alpine plants are adapted to the conditions at high altitudes, including cold, dryness, high levels of ultraviolet radiation, and difficulty of reproduction. These conditions are linked to topographical slope, ultimately affecting plant diversity and distribution.[11] This is due to steeper slopes causing faster soil erosion which in turn impedes plant growth, seed distribution, and seed settlement. Furthermore, the slope of the topography directly affects many other abiotic factors including temperature, solar radiation, moisture content, and nutritional content in the soil.
Surviving low temperature extremes
Alpine habitat on Mont Blanc Massif
Most alpine plants are faced with low temperature extremes at some point in their lives. There are a number of ways that a plant can survive these extremes. Plants can avoid exposure to low temperature by using different forms of seasonal phenology, morphology, or by variable growth form preference. They can also avoid the freezing of their exposed tissues by increasing the amount of solutes in their tissues, known as freezing-point depression. Another, somewhat similar, method plants may use to avoid freezing is supercooling, which prevents ice crystallization within plant tissues. These methods are only sufficient when temperature is only moderately cold. In the alpine zone, temperatures are often low enough that these methods are not sufficient.[12] When plants need a more permanent solution, they can develop freeze tolerance. Plants can also dehydrate their cells by moving water into intercellular spaces. This causes ice formation outside of the cell where ice crystals will not cause damage. When all of these strategies fail to prevent frost damage, alpine plants often have the capacity to repair or replace the organs damaged. As it is often difficult to prevent damage, many alpine plants depend on the replacement of their organs.[13] They help make this possible by placing their meristems below ground, where temperatures are generally warmer.[12]
Photosynthesis and respiration rates
Photosynthesis and respiration rates are not uniform throughout the growing season.[14] At the start of the growing season, new shoots have low net photosynthesis rates and high respiration rates due to rapid growth of new shoots.[14] As the temperature rises in a plants microclimate, the net photosynthesis rates will increase as long as ample water is available and will peak during flowering.[14] Alpine plants are able to start photosynthesizing and reach maximum photosynthesis rates at lower temperatures compared to plants adapted to lower elevations and warmer climates.[14] This is due to the combined effects of genotype and environmental factors.[14]
Avoidance of desiccation
A common alpine lichen, Xanthoria elegans
In alpine areas, water availability is often variable. Bryophytes and lichens exhibit high desiccation tolerance, which contributes to their abundance throughout all alpine areas habitats.[15] Among higher plants, tissue desiccation is rare at high altitudes. If it does occur, it normally happens to plants growing on exposed sites, where wind stress is increased. Alpine plants avoid water loss by deep rooting and increased stomatal control. Plants at low elevation normally reach maximum stomatal opening in the morning while alpine plants reach maximum opening mid-day, when temperature is greatest. Alpine succulent plants often utilize CAM photosynthesis to avoid water loss.
Avoidance of ultraviolet radiation
Because ultraviolet radiation tends to increase with elevation, it is often assumed to be a stress factor among alpine plants. In the past, there have been many attempts to research how ultraviolet radiation may influence alpine plant forms. However, it is uncertain if the growth and development of plants is affected by ultraviolet radiation. It is also not clear if the radiation is responsible for promoting genetic differentiation, leading to stunted growth forms.[12]
Alpine plants use both sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction has limits in high alpine areas, especially in areas with a short growing season in alpine zones at high latitudes. In tropical alpine zones with a year-round growing season, such as the northern Andes, plants can flower year round. Regardless of when alpine plants flower, pollinators are often scarce. The activity of pollinators decreases with increasing altitude.[16] The most common pollinators in the alpine zone are bumblebees and flies.[16] Plants utilize different strategies to deal with these limits, including alternate flowering time and clonal propagation.
Early flowering plants
Glory-of-the-Snow is an alpine plant that preforms its flowers in the previous season so that it can flower as soon as the snow starts to melt in spring
Some plants flower immediately after snow melting or soil thawing. These early flowering plants always form their flowers in the previous season, called preformation. This flower primordium is produced one to three years before flowering which ensures that flowering is not delayed after snowmelt and that with the right environmental conditions, there will be enough time for seed set.[8] Consequently, they risk frost damage to the preformed inflorescence.[16] In order to minimize frost damage, preformed flowers are often surrounded by tightly packed bracts that are densely covered in trichomes. This helps to keep the interior of a flower bud warm.[17] Because of early season pollinator limitation, plants that bloom early generally have a low rate of reproductive success.[16] One advantage of flowering early is that seeds that are produced have a greater chance of developing to maturity before the next freeze. They also have a high outcrossing rate, which helps to increase genetic diversity.[16] Speed and time of flowering is dependent on time of snowmelt, temperature, and photoperiod, but usually occurs 10 to 20 days after snowmelt.[8]
Mid-season flowering
Approximately half of all alpine species flower in mid-season. Flowering at the seasonal peak combines some of the advantages and risks of


Containing the triangle of combustion | Wrightstyle
Containing the triangle of combustion | Wrightstyle
Photo source
Date: 22 May 2018
Tim Kempster, Wrightstyle's managing director, explains the dynamics of fire.
A year ago, on 14th June, seventy two people lost their lives in the Grenfell Tower fire, which will likely go down in fire safety history as a catastrophe that should never have happened.
While it's too early to finally point accusing fingers, with the public inquiry only just beginning, it's perhaps worth remembering some well-known basics on what fire is, and therefore how it should be dealt with.
Simply, fire involves a fundamental relationship between fuel, oxygen and heat – the so-called fire triangle on which all fires, intentional or otherwise, depend.
Get those three elements together and the fire triangle is joined by a fourth element – the chemical chain reaction that is actually the fire. In technical jargon, the triangle of combustion then becomes a tetrahedron.
Fuel and oxygen
Containing the triangle of combustion | WrightstyleIt's a geometry that can either be friend or foe, as fuel and oxygen molecules gain energy and become active. This molecular energy is then transferred to other fuel and oxygen molecules to create and sustain the chain reaction.
In an uncontrolled fire in a building, how it spreads depends on a whole range of factors – from the type of fuel (everything from ceiling tiles to furniture) to building construction and ventilation.
Taming fire generally involves the removal of heat, in most cases using water to soak up heat generated by the fire. This turns the water into steam, thereby robbing the fire of the heat used. That's what a building's sprinkler system is there to do.
Without energy in the form of heat, the fire cannot heat unburned fuel to ignition temperature and the fire will eventually go out. In addition, water acts to smother the flames and suffocate the fire.
But what is also needed is containment – to prevent the fire spreading from its original location. Those protective barriers, often external curtain walling or internal glass screens, must also provide protected escape routes for the building's occupants.
Fire resistant glass
That's where fire resistant glass and glazing systems are so important, because modern steel systems are so technically advanced that they have overcome the limitations inherent in the glass itself.
The biggest limitation is that glass softens over a range of 500˚c to 1500˚c. To put that in perspective, a candle flame burns at between 800˚c and 1200˚c. In a typical flashover fire inside a building, temperatures can reach between 1000˚c and 1400˚c.
These temperatures can disrupt the integrity of conventional panes of glass, which are liable to crack and break because of thermal shock and temperature differentials across the exposed face. This will compromise the compartmentation of the building's interior allowing fire to spread from room to room.
That can, incidentally, be a problem that a sprinkler system actually causes. There have been several notable cases where cold water from a sprinkler system has come into contact with heated non-fire rated glass – causing the glass to break and allowing more oxygen to the seat of the fire.
As a fire escalates, the amount of heat produced can grow quickly, spreading like a predator from one fuel source to another – devouring materials that, in turn, produce gases that are both highly toxic and flammable.
Thermal expansion
To make things worse, due to thermal expansion, these flammable gases are usually under pressure and able to pass through relatively small holes and gaps in ducts and walls, spreading the fire to other parts of the building. Heat will also be transmitted through internal walls by conduction.
As the fire worsens, and when unburned flammable gases reach auto ignition temperature, or are provided with an additional source of oxygen – for example, from a fractured window – an explosive effect called 'flashover' takes place.
Flashover is the most feared phenomenon of any fire fighter and signals several major changes in the fire and the response to it. First, it brings to an end all attempts at search and rescue in the area of the flashover. Simply, there won't be anybody alive to rescue.
Second, it signals that the fire has reached the end of its growth stage and that it is now fully developed as an inferno. That then signals a change in fire-fighting response because it marks the start of a worse danger – the risk of structural collapse.
The main lesson for building designers is not simply to build in passive and active fire systems, but to look at the whole building's capacity to withstand a fire. For the glazed components, that should mean analysing the level of containment the glass will provide and its compatibility with its framing systems.
In many instances, untested combinations of glass and frame are still being specified separately – despite the fact that, in a fire situation, the glass will only be as good as its framing system, and vice versa. Insisting on tested, and therefore proven, compatibility, and specifying it as a requirement of the tendering process, should be a matter of course.
When a fire starts, it's imperative to extinguish it as quickly as possible. However, and just as important, it's vital that the fire is contained within one discrete area, minimising the risk to life and damage to property. That's what advanced glazing systems are there to do.
Sadly, at Grenfell Tower, there was no sprinkler system and the fire wasn't contained. But maybe, just maybe, new fire and building regulations will make sure that nothing similar ever happens again.
600450 Containing the triangle of combustion | Wrightstyle
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The Dired command! (
dired-do-shell-command) reads a
shell command string in the minibuffer, and runs that shell command on
one or more files. The files that the shell command operates on are
determined in the usual way for Dired commands (see Operating on Files). The command X is a synonym for!.
The command & (
dired-do-async-shell-command) does the
same, except that it runs the shell command asynchronously. (You can
also do this with!, by appending a '&' character to the
end of the shell command.) When the command operates on more than one
file, it runs multiple parallel copies of the specified shell command,
one for each file. As an exception, if the specified shell command
ends in ';' or ';&', the shell command is run in the
background on each file sequentially; Emacs waits for each invoked
shell command to terminate before running the next one.
For both! and &, the working directory for the shell command is the top-level directory of the Dired buffer.
If you tell! or & to operate on more than one file, the shell command string determines how those files are passed to the shell command:
Thus,! tar cf foo.tar * runs
tar on the entire
list of file names, putting them into one tar file foo.tar.
If you want to use '*' as a shell wildcard with whitespace around it, write '*""'. In the shell, this is equivalent to '*'; but since the '*' is not surrounded by whitespace, Dired does not treat it specially.
uudecodeon each file.
To iterate over the file names in a more complicated fashion, use an explicit shell loop. For example, here is how to uuencode each file, making the output file name by appending '.uu' to the input file name:
for file in * ; do uuencode "$file" "$file" >"$file".uu; done
The! and & commands do not attempt to update the Dired buffer to show new or modified files, because they don't know what files will be changed. Use the g command to update the Dired buffer (see Dired Updating).
See Single Shell, for information about running shell commands outside Dired.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Beijing Sunny/Overcast 25 / 14 City Forecast
People's Daily Online>>Science
China installs large Antarctic survey telescope
(Beijing Daily)
15:05, April 09, 2012
Edited and Translated by Han Shasha, People's Daily Online
China's first Antarctic survey telescope was successfully installed at the Kunlun Antarctic Station during the 28th Antarctic Scientific Expedition.
The telescope, remotely controlled via satellite, can scan millions of stars in the Milky Way in an automatic and continuous manner. It can also search extra-solar planets.
Shang Chaohui, vice director of Chinese Center for Antarctic Astronomy (CCAA), said that China planned to install three Antarctic survey telescopes at the Kunlun Station. The first telescope was designed and built by Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics & Technology. And the transport control and data system were established by the National Astronomical Observatories of Chinese Academy of Sciences.
As the largest optical telescope in Antarctic, its primary mirror is 68 centimeters in diametrical length with a 50-centimeter aperture reflector. It has all the features of the modern telescope such as pointing, tracking and focusing.
The first Antarctic survey telescope is equipped with world's largest charge-coupled device (CCD), which converts light into electronic signals to make a digital image. The CCD has a capacity of 100 megapixels. A single exposure can cover 4.3 square degrees of sky areas, which is equivalent to the size of 18 moons.
To make a real-time data processing and analysis, the telescope is also equipped with advanced computer system, which enables it to detect transient objects, supernova and other objects with gamma-ray bursts.
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text:
WAS to celebrate the World Sexual Health Day in September 4th 2013 and the World Congress of Sexual Health in Porto Alegre-Brazil September 21-24, 2013
In 2010, the World Association for Sexual Health (WAS) called all their organizations to celebrate, on each September 4th, World Sexual Health Day in an effort to promote a greater social awareness on sexual health across the globe.
The first World Sexual Health Day was celebrated with the slogan "Let's talk about it!" to start breaking fears and taboos surrounding sexuality. The topic of WSHD 2010 was addressed in different forums, many of which were intergenerational discussions.
World Sexual Health Day 2011 focused on youth sexual health with the slogan "Youth's sexual health: Shared rights and responsibilities". The topic of WSHD was a consequence of the creation of the WAS Youth Initiative and in the context of the International Year of Youth proclaimed by United Nations. Within WAS, the different members of the Advisory Committee and the Youth Initiative Committee celebrated the day by organizing a wide range of activities in their home countries, from Round Tables of Discussion to Conferences and Art Exhibitions.
The focus of World Sexual Health Day 2012 was diversity and minorities, with the slogan "In a diverse world, sexual health for all!" Around the world, activities to commemorate WSHD 2012 made visible the realities of population groups such as: elders, transgender people, people living with disabilities, immigrants.
This year's slogan for WSHD "To achieve sexual health, picture yourself owning your sexual rights" aims to constitute a reminder on the fundamental importance that sexual rights have in order to achieve sexual health. We invite everyone to imagine, to picture themselves owning their sexual rights!
Also the 21th World Congress of WAS will be celebrated this year. What follows is the letter of the President of WAS inviting to our most important meeting:
It is a great personal pleasure to invite you and to welcome you to Latin America and to Brazil where the World Association for Sexual Health will convene our 21st biannual congress.
Sexual Health is pivotal to the well being and safety of everyone on our planet and our congress will ensure that the diversity of positive and healthy sexual experience has prominent expression throughout. The theme has been selected by the local team and resonates as crucial for so many of us – sexual issues straight from the heart. What this may mean to you will probably be different to the next person to read this invitation letter but there will almost certainly be some common factor that bonds each of you by building bridges across the whole of the sexual health community. Whatever your discipline and your understanding of our 2013 theme, I am certain that there will be much in common with fellow delegates and that this congress will be a great opportunity to share our experiences with generosity and through collegial interaction. I hope that during these most difficult times around the globe that you will find the space and resources to be able to participate in one of the most important sexual health meetings in 2013.
Please join your colleagues in Porto Alegre and participate at the WAS congress in 2013.
President of the WAS
The World Association for Sexual Health (WAS)
Since 1978 WAS has been the pre-eminent global organization concerned with sexual health and rights. Our membership represents thousands of experienced & trainee sexologists from a variety of disciplines. With bi-annual Congresses held in different regions of the world, WAS has facilitated sexual health through education, health promotion and networking for three decades. In recent years, the WAS constituency has become involved in advocating for changes in public policy to recognize sexual health and rights as key ingredients in overall health and social justice. Financial support from individuals, foundations, corporations, and governments has sustained this work around the world.
WAS works to promote sexual health for all. Sexual health is a goal not only for clinicians. It is the common goal of many disciplines. Sexuality education is meant to facilitate sexually healthy lives for the learners. Interventions in clinical sexology have the goal of restoring sexual health. Sex research, although objectively driven, has as its justification the creation of evidence-based knowledge that supports others to attain and maintain sexual health.
The World Association for Sexual Health is a membership organization of individual supporting members and organizations. Among the organizations are regional, international, national, and academic bodies that work in sexology. Member benefits include a subscription to the International Journal of Sexual Health, and access to the members-only forum on this website. To begin the application process, click below.
- Sexual Rights


text:
A Bridge for Ireland's Nobel Physicist
By Molly Ferns, Editorial Assistant
August / September 2012
A number of Irishmen have been recognized as Nobel Prize winners: Yeats, Shaw, Beckett and Heaney for Literature, Sean MacBride and John Hume for Peace. But only one Irishman has ever received the Nobel Prize for Physics. In 1951, Irish physicist Ernest Walton and partner John Cockcroft won the Nobel Prize for their invention of the first particle accelerator to split the atom. The Institute of Physics (IOP) Ireland believes that Walton's recognition is long overdue.
The IOP are now campaigning to have the Marlborough Street Bridge, which is in its early stages of construction, named "The Ernest Walton Bridge" in honor of one of the greatest scientists of the 20th century. The institute created an online petition to garner support in pressuring the Dublin City Council. When the bridge is complete, it will span the River Liffey and will function as a transport, cycle and pedestrian bridge connecting Marlborough Street and Hawkins Street.
Aside from wanting to properly recognize Walton, the IOP has other reasons for calling the bridge "The Ernest Walton Bridge." This year, Dublin was named European City of Science 2012. Additionally, 2012 marks the 80th anniversary of Walton's work on splitting the atom in 1932. Therefore, the IOP and its supporters believe 2012 is the perfect year to commemorate Walton. They also hope national recognition of Ernest Walton will "inspire school children to pursue careers in science and technology, a key objective of the [Irish] Government," said the institute.
Born Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton in County Waterford on October 6, 1903, he found himself excelling in mathematics and science from an early age. He studied at Methodist College, Belfast, and in 1922 he entered Trinity College Dublin. In 1927, he went on to receive his Masters in Science degree. That same year he received a research scholarship and attended Cambridge University to work at the Cavendish Laboratory.
He earned his PhD in 1931. In 1932, while still at the Cavendish Laboratory, Walton and Cockcroft built an apparatus that split the nuclei of atoms after bombarding them with accelerated protons. This invention paved the way for modern nuclear physics, including the groundbreaking Higgs Boson discoveries currently under way at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN.
After his work at Cavendish, Walton returned to Ireland and taught. He had a productive relationship with the government, often writing to propose new methods for economic and scientific development. Walton died in 1995 at the age of 91.


Children Travelling Alone
Letting your little one fly alone can be a scary experience, but our comprehensive guide and friendly airline staff to assist you on the day will ensure your child has a safe and enjoyable journey.
How old does my child have to be to fly alone?
An unaccompanied minor (UNMR) is any child aged between 5 and 11 (not yet 12 years of age) who is flying by themselves and not travelling with a parent, guardian or immediate family member.
Children younger than five are not permitted to fly by themselves. Children aged 12 and over are considered 'adults' by airline ticketing standards, but parents can specifically request an unaccompanied minor service for children aged 12 to 15.
These age brackets are fairly consistent for most airlines, but it's important to contact your Flight Centre consultant to ensure your child qualifies as an unaccompanied minor.
Do I have to book my child as an unaccompanied minor?
Yes. You must make a specific booking for your child if they are travelling by themselves and meet the unaccompanied minor age requirements. Young passengers may not be able to get onto the aircraft if they are alone do not have the required unaccompanied minor booking.
Not all flights accept unaccompanied minors, so it's important to check with your airline or booking agent first. There are also restrictions on flights with transfers or stopovers which may prevent your child from being able to travel by themselves.
How do I make an unaccompanied minor booking?
All Flight Centre consultants are able to handle the finer details and make a booking for your solo voyager. There's a bit more to it than just booking the airfares, so it's a good idea to have a consultant liaise with an airline on your behalf so you can focus on getting your youngster ready for their big journey.
What documentation do I need for an UNMR booking?
Every airline has special unaccompanied minor travel documentation that parents or guardians must complete prior to flying – this includes information on the 'sender' and 'receiver' who will accompany the child at departure and arrival points.
Adults at both the departure and arrival points will need to present identification that matches up with the documentation given to the airline in order to send off or pick up the young guest.
Do unaccompanied minor bookings cost extra?
There is usually a specific fee for unaccompanied minors, which varies between domestic and international routes and carrier. Airfares are generally charged at an adult price although this may be different at the discretion of your airline.
Only a certain number of unaccompanied minors are permitted on board at one time (usually fewer than six), so it's important to secure your child's booking as soon as possible.
Young passengers flying by themselves are well looked after by both ground and cabin staff. At the airport, you must accompany your child through check-in and to the gate where a cabin crew member will meet you. Unaccompanied minors receive priority boarding so the crew can help them get settled, stow away their cabin baggage and answer any questions they might have.
Step-by-step at the airport:
 1. Arrive at the airport and make your way to the check-in and bag drop counters
 2. Have your personal ID and your child's ID ready, plus sender/receiver details to confirm with the airline staff
 3. After your child has received their boarding pass, go to the gate at least 30-minutes prior to departure
 4. A flight attendant will meet you at the gate and will go through paperwork before boarding
 5. The attendant will accompany your child on board and get them settled before other guests
 6. Wait for the aircraft to depart in case it has to return to the gate for any unexpected reason
Don't forget to bring:
 - The required unaccompanied minor travel documentation
 - Medical clearance forms if necessary
 - Your child's identification (birth certificate, passport or ID card)
 - Comfort items to make the journey less stressful for very young guests
Where will my child be sitting?
Unaccompanied minors are usually seated close to the cabin crew areas (the flight attendant jump seats near the exits or food service area), close to bathrooms and next to a vacant seat where possible.
What is the flight attendant's job with UNMRs?
The crew often devote a great amount of attention to their younger guests, making it a priority to ensure they are feeling secure and comfortable during the journey. Flight attendants check on UNMRs multiple times during the flight.
When the attendant accompanies the child on board they will show them to their seat, explain the entertainment controls such as volume and channel selection, show them where the bathrooms are located and explain how to use the call button.
In-flight food options for young guests
It's a good idea to make sure your child has some cash with them if they are on a flight that doesn't have a meal service or, alternatively, pack them some ready-to-eat snacks to take on board. Snack items available on in-flight menus often include fresh sandwiches, muffins, crackers with cheese, cookies, chips, chocolate, juice and soft drink.
If your child is travelling internationally, long-haul or on a domestic flight that includes a meal with the airfare, you are able to specify a kid's meal as well as any dietary requirements when you make the booking or no later than 24-hours before the flight. Ask your Flight Centre consultant about meal options when you book the airfare for your young jet setter.
Travel Tip: Sugary food and drink can sometimes cause motion sickness, especially if your child is already a little nervous. Make sure they have their own bottle of water to keep hydrated during the flight.
Kid-friendly entertainment options
When it comes to onboard entertainment, you are often able to specify on the unaccompanied minor forms whether you consent for your child to access the TV, movies and music options if free entertainment if provided.
On domestic or international flights that have in-flight entertainment, there is usually a selection of children's programs and movies either delivered via seatback screens or hand-held devices which can be hired at a cost.
Pack some items in your child's cabin baggage to keep them occupied during the flight, such as colouring-in books, portable DVD players or travel-friendly games they can play by themself. If your child has their own personal electronic device, here are our five favourite apps for learning along the way:
 - Pettson's Inventions
 - Endless Alphabet
 - Squeebles Maths Bingo
 - How it Works: Machines
 - Music Matching with Lisa Loeb
Travel Tip: Make sure your child has their headphones or earphones if they are going to be listening to a personal electronic device.
Arriving safe and sound - what to expect
Possibly the most important part of the journey is your child's arrival at their destination. The unaccompanied minor forms require you to list a parent or guardian who will be picking up your little one at the gate once they have landed. and it is vitally important to ensure the same person who is listed on the form is the person who picks the child up.
Due to legal reasons, airlines are not permitted to hand over a child to someone who is not listed on the documentation or without ID, even if they are a family member.
Unaccompanied minors will be the last off the plane. The flight attendant will deliver them to their waiting parent or guardian along with the forms that were signed at the start of the journey from the departure point. These forms are again signed by the attendant and the receiver who is collecting the child, completing the final leg of their journey.
Travel Tip: If there's a chance someone other than the listed adult may have to pick up your child, list all prospective 'receivers' on the form just in case.
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text:
A manufacturing technique being adopted by companies that make gadgets for some of the biggest names in consumer tech will help them significantly improve the resolution of TV and tablet displays later this year.
Applied Materials, which makes electronics manufacturing equipment, has introduced machines that make it feasible to use an advanced approach for making displays—previously limited to R&D—at a large scale. This will enable consumer electronics companies to put screens with much higher resolution into many gadgets, Applied Materials says.
Sharper display resolution has become a popular feature with gadget buyers, and both Apple's iPhone 4 and the latest version of the iPad come with a very-high-resolution "retina display." Some competitors of Apple have launched phones with similarly high resolution displays, but no other tablets are available that can match the latest iPad's sharpness. Apple's competitors are eager to catch up. An engineer at Microsoft posted an article online this week about efforts to ready Windows 8, the next version of the company's flagship operating system, for tablets with very-high-resolution displays.
Applied Materials's new machines perform plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), a process that deposits thin films of material onto surfaces. The machinery makes it possible to produce displays that use a different material for the display's backplane—the layer of transistors that sits behind the display and controls its pixels. That material, known as indium gallium zinc oxide, or IGZO, makes it easier and cheaper to build displays with extra-dense pixels, like the one Apple installed in the latest iPad. Making displays with this kind of resolution larger than seven inches diagonally would be impossible without using IGZO, Applied Materials claims.
"I would expect to see products this year," says Doug Hayden, senior director of global product management at Applied Materials's displays division, AKT. "It will probably be tablets followed by TVs, but it will be close." In TVs, the new material will mean both higher resolution and faster refresh rates.
Although Applied Materials announced the new production equipment just this week, five customers have already installed the new machines and are using them to produce displays, says Hayden. He wouldn't name those customers, but Applied Materials is known to supply display-making equipment to Samsung, Sharp, and LG, and Sharp and Samsung are believed to supply Apple with displays for its iPad tablet.
LCD televisions and monitors, as well as mobile devices, all have displays that rely on a backplane of many thin film transistors (TFTs), each of which turns one pixel on or off. That TFT layer is typically made using a layer of amorphous silicon, so called because its atoms are not arranged in a neat crystal. However, amorphous silicon doesn't have the right electrical properties for controlling very large, or very-high-resolution, displays, says Hayden.


the current tile), set the current tile's state to the opposite of the tile to its left. Otherwise, set it to the same as the tile to the left. Goto 4.
 3. If the current tile is not part of the chain, set the tile to the state of the title to its left. Goto 4.
 4. The tile one to the right is now the current tile. Goto 2.
Now take all the tiles which are IN, add in the tiles on the border (including a tail if you stripped it earlier or not, your choice), and call that the region.
If you want to allow the user to use borders, remember that this does not define and IN/OUT on the board, but just divides it into two parts. You could select the smaller region, for example, or require the user to use two adjacent sides (i.e., the left and bottom, but not either top/bottom or left/right).
An optimization is that you only need to do rows which have any border in them (if you can't use the sides). I assume that your board is small enough that iterating over every tile and doing a very simple computation is not an issue, even on the weakest mobile system. (You do have to render them, after all, which is far more complex of a task).
Your Answer


Economists warn us to evaluate public policies according to their results, not their intentions. Virtually no one will argue with the stated intentions behind alcohol-control policies — principal among them, to reduce alcohol-related fatalities and to keep alcohol out of the hands of minors.
A look at the data, however, shows that Michigan's current alcohol-control policies are not delivering results. The benefit of allowing individual states to decide whether and how to regulate alcohol markets is that we have a slate of 50 experiments. By comparing states that heavily regulate alcohol markets to those that don't, we can see how well alcohol-control policies work.
Numerous studies, most recently one by the Mackinac Center for Public Policy, have shown that alcohol-attributable death rates are not lower in states that more heavily regulate their alcohol markets. According to Center research, average alcohol-attributable fatality rates are actually lower for states that license private firms to manufacture and sell alcohol than for states like Michigan that maintain state-run wholesale liquor monopolies.
Comparing DUI fatalities across states is complicated by the fact that differences in the number of miles that people drive, weather conditions, road quality and traffic congestion contribute to differences in fatality rates. But, because these factors affect all traffic fatalities — regardless of whether or not alcohol is involved — the right way to measure DUI fatalities is as a percentage of all traffic fatalities. Data from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration provide a telling comparison.
Among states that control alcohol markets most heavily, 33 percent of traffic fatalities are alcohol-related. Among states that license private firms to manufacture and sell alcohol, 33 percent of traffic fatalities are alcohol-related. The figures are the same for states that mix partial control with partial private licensing.
Alcohol doesn't just contribute to traffic deaths. Alcohol also contributes to deaths from liver disease, fetal alcohol syndrome, alcohol poisoning, aspiration, and numerous other acute and chronic causes. According to data from the Centers for Disease Control, states that impose the heaviest controls on alcohol markets experience 5.8 alcohol-related deaths per 100,000 people annually, while states with the least restrictions experience 5.5 alcohol-related deaths per 100,000 people. Similarly, previous studies have found no difference in the rates of underage drinking or underage binge drinking between the most heavily and least heavily controlled states.
In the face of this data, alcohol control proponents argue for maintaining the status quo because "it is better to be safe than sorry." At a minimum, they argue, heavy controls limit the number of alcohol sellers, whereas they claim a free market would put a liquor store on every corner.
The data show that this claim is also false. States that control their alcohol markets actually have more off-premise alcohol establishments than do states without alcohol controls (14.5 vs. 9.9 per 10,000 adults). States with alcohol controls also have more on-premise alcohol establishments than do states without alcohol controls (16.0 vs. 14.1 per 10,000 adults). In other words, on a per-capita basis, the free market actually places fewer alcohol sellers on the streets than do state-run alcohol monopolies.
Looking at the entire body of research on alcohol controls, one clear theme emerges: There is no consistent or compelling evidence that state-run alcohol monopolies reduce alcohol-related fatalities, prevent underage drinking or limit retail outlets. There is repeated evidence that state-run monopolies actually do the reverse. Everyone concerned with policy realities rather than policy intentions should take note.
Antony Davies is an associate professor of economics at Duquesne University and co-author of the recent Mackinac Center study "Alcohol Control Reform and Public Health and Safety." The Mackinac Center for Public Policy is a research and educational institute headquartered in Midland, Mich. Permission to reprint in whole or in part is hereby granted, provided that the author and the Center are properly cited.


How To Disable NVIDIA's 'Spying' Service In Its Latest Drivers
How To Disable NVIDIA's 'Spying' Service In Its Latest Drivers
Remember how there was a huge uproar when it was revealed that Windows 10 had telemetry services that automatically sent information back to Microsoft on how users were interacting with the operating system? It seems that graphics card maker NVIDIA has now added telemetry into its latest drivers. If you don't want to be tracked by NVIDIA, here's a way to disable it.
For those who have downloaded the latest driver packages from NVIDIA, you may have noticed that if you've installed GeForce Experience, the desktop client that controls the graphics card settings, you now have a few additional telemetry processes running on your machine.
Some people consider telemetry as spying since it automatically sends information about users' computers back to vendors. Some of the information, such as crash reports, is useful for vendors to improve their products and services. But the lack of transparency in terms of what information is collected can be concerning to some users.
Reddit users have already pointed out that NVIDIA's current privacy policy does say that the company "may collect 'Personal information', which is any information that can be used to identify a particular individual which can include traditional identifiers such as name, address, e-mail address, telephone number and non-traditional identifiers such as unique device identifiers and Internet Protocol (IP) addresses."
It's not known exactly what kind of information the new telemetry services are collecting. We've reached out to NVIDIA for comment and here's the response from a company spokesperson:
If you really want to disable the telemetry, Major Geeks has provided some instructions on how to do so:
 - Download Microsoft Autoruns, which shows you which programs are set to run during login or system bootup. Unzip it and run it.
 - Type 'nvidia' in the filter box. The telemetry processes will be listed under the "Task Scheduler" section. Their names will include "Nv Tm". For example, one of them is called "Nv TmMon_". Uncheck those boxes.
 - Close Autoruns and reboot your PC.
You can find more detailed instructions over at Major Geeks.
 - That might explain why Defender found an Invidia trojan or malware of some kind last week. I couldn't figure out why it was coming up, so I uninstalled the Geforce drivers and just let Windows install its version. Haven't had a problem with it since, but I'm going to do the MS Autoruns thing now though.
 - Why even call the machines PC anymore?
 It seems software vendors and taking the Personal away from Personal Computer!
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Lord and Lady are honorifics used to address someone of authority. The exact authority needed is uncertain but seems roughly to be Warlord or higher, with use increasing with formality and the relative rank of the addressee. Being noble isn't a prerequisite for being addresses as either "Lord" or "Lady".
People referred to as Lord/Lady
Erfworlders may erroneously believe that Parson is a Noble unit because they can't see his stats and because he introduced himself to them as "Lord Hamster", which was originally the pen name he used when writing his webcomic.
Real World References
Lord is an honorific used to address a noble.
The difference between an honorific and a title
A honorific is used to preface a person's name as a sign of respect. A title is something a person posses that is not part of their name. People of different rank or title can share the same honorific. If Steward is a Baron he would be addressed as "Lord Steward". Something can be both a title and an honorific (i.e. "Prince") but it does not have to be the case.


Acquire valuable customers
Automatically confirm the identity of prospectuses and analyse their behaviour on the purchasing path.
A Kaspersky Lab study on cyber threats targeted at financial institutions shows that every fourth bank in the world has a problem with successfully verifying the identity of an online banking customer.
At the same time, almost 60% of banks expect increasing losses from fraud in the coming years. This shows how important an identity verification should be in the security strategy.
Therefore, one of the elements of the BlueBooster platform is the anti-fraud module, which allows you to automatically and effectively identify the customer, thereby reducing the risk of losses on the bank's side.
Mechanism capabilities
BlueBooster enables:
 - the verification of contact details provided by those interested (e-mail address and phone number),
 - the confirmation of the prospectus's identity using a PBL verification transfer (pay by link).
The system allows you to send messages via a corresponding channel and conditions the transition to the next step in a form with positive verification.
In practice, it may be, for example, that the customer will proceed to the next step only after he enters the code received in the SMS in the right window.
Customer behaviour analysis
Another element of the anti-fraud module is a mechanism analysing the behaviour of each customer on the sales path in real time.
The system checks such aspects as the content of the answers entered by the user in the form and the amount of time it takes the user to fill them in.
In this way, the bank can be sure that it is dealing with a real person and can modify the sales path, adapting it to the customer's behaviour.
Determining the risk degree
Fraud mechanisms are configured by the bank. The system classifies conclusions based on the behavioural analysis and user data.
The following data are analysed: environmental data (computer or other devices, operating system, browser version), data entered by users, and their behaviours (e.g. how long the user fills out every field in the form).
Fraud verification can be extended to libraries of suspicious domains, IBAN account numbers, etc.
On the basis of the collected data, the system informs you if there is a suspicion of fraud or not. For example, a person presenting themselves as "Jan", whose personal ID number indicates female gender will be assessed as "fraud".


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You may have faced a situation where even after uninstalling your old antivirus, firewall or security software, your Windows Security Center continues to show it as still being installed. If you face this situation, you may want try these troubleshooting steps. Action Center, previously known as Windows Security Center, monitors the security status of the computer.
Before you begin, please back up the registry and create a system restore point.
Windows Action Center identifies old security software
1) This could happen because even after uninstalling the security software, it has left some remnants in your registry. Use its own standalone uninstallers to uninstall it completely. Else try a freeware registry cleaner like CCleaner and see if it helps.
Additionally, open the Windows Registry, search for its keys and delete them. Lets say the product is named ABCAV product of XYZCO company, then do a Find / Find Next for both ABCAV and XYZCO, and delete such keys found. I am assuming that you do not have any other software of XYZCO company installed.
2) If it doesn't help, it is quite possible that the problem may be resolved by re-starting the WMI Repository.
To do so, in start search > Type CMD in search > Hit enter. From the results, right-click Command Prompt and select 'Run as Administrator'. Type the following command:
If you get a message WMI repository is consistent, run the following command one after the other and hit Enter:
net stop winmgmt
cd /d %windir%\system32\wbem
ren repository repository.old
net start winmgmt
cmd command 2
If you get a message WMI repository is not consistent, run the following command:
This will perform a consistency check on the WMI repository and resolve the issue.
Restart your machine.
After restarting your computer, if you receive the following message: winmgmt /salvagerepository is failed, ignore this message, and again run:
3) If this doesn't not help, KB980867 suggests that you do the following. Open an elevated command prompt, wbemtest, and then press Enter. In the Windows Management Instrumentation Tester dialog box, click Connect.
As appropriate for your version of the operating system, type the following in the Namespace text box:
For Windows Vista:
For Windows Vista SP1, Windows Vista SP2, Windows 7 and Windows 8:
Click Enum Classes.
Leave the Superclass name text box blank, and then click OK.
Double-click AntispywareProduct, AntiVirusProduct, or Firewall Product, as appropriate for your version of the operating system.
For each GUID that is listed, follow these steps:
- Double-click a GUID.
- Locate the displayName property, and verify that the name matches the name of the security program that is uninstalled.
- Click Close.
- Select the GUID instance, and then click Delete.
See these posts if Windows Security Center does not detect ANY installed antivirus software or if Windows Security Center does not start at all and this one if Windows Defender will not turn off even when 3rd party AntiVirus is installed.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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SABINAL RIVER. The Sabinal River rises in fissure springs that flow from great slabs of limestone in the Lost Maples State Natural Area, seven miles north of Vanderpool in northwestern Bandera County (at 29°52' N, 99°36' W). It flows southeast to the Balcones Escarpment, where its course changes to the east and then to the west, and thence to its mouth on the Frio River, ten miles south of Sabinal (at 29°06' N, 99°27' W). The river is sixty miles long. In several places it sinks underground to rise again downstream. The sparkling stream is fed by Hale, Hollow, and Can creeks within the park and by Mill, Little, and Onion creeks south of the park. Cañon Creek, in Uvalde County, is called the West Prong of the Sabinal. The river traverses flat to rolling terrain with fractures, faults, and folds, surfaced by sandy and clay loam that supports hardwoods and grasses. Along the course of the Sabinal was a well-known Indian trail marked on early Spanish maps as Comanche Trail. The river was originally called Arroyo de la Soledad, Spanish for "Stream of Solitude." Most of the Sabinal River flows through the Edwards Underground Water District.
The following, adapted from the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition, is the preferred citation for this article.Janie S. Tubbs, "SABINAL RIVER," Handbook of Texas Online (_URL_ accessed May 23, 2013. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.


Cheboygan Daily Tribune - Cheboygan, MI
 - Trappers need to watch for wolves
 - As trapping seasons hit their stride, area outdoorsmen need to be mindful of wolves.
 - email print
 Though wolves and coyotes are very different in size, its still possible to mistake one for the other and its possible for wolves to find their way into a coyote trap.
 According to DNR Biologist Brian Mastenbrook, a female adult wolf weighs between 55 and 80 pounds and a male weighs between 70 and 95. Coyotes are significantly smaller, in the 20-30 pound range.
 Wolves are big animals that will defend themselves viscously when trapped. Mastenbrook said it's important to contact the DNR for anything wolf-related, especially if one is accidentally trapped.
 Telling the difference between adult wolves and adult coyotes is fairly easy, but differentiating between and young wolf and an adult coyote can be more of a challenge.
 Wolves have a thick, rounded snout, rounded ears, long legs and large feet, while coyotes have a pointy snout and ears and small feet, explained Mastenbrook.
 Staying vigilant for wolf signs is also a way to indicate that a trapped animal could be a wolf.
 It may sound fairly simple, but telling the difference between a wolf and coyote sign has proven exceptionally difficult, even for outdoorsmen.
 Wolf tracks are about 3x4 inches, much larger than coyote tracks.
 "A wolf track is about the size of the toe of your boot," said Mastenbrook. "Wolf tracks are big. You'll know it immediately. If there is any doubt, you're probably looking at a coyote track."
 Though no sign is full-proof, kill sites offer distinct clues as to the presence of wolves.
 "Generally, wolves don't leave any bones at a kill site, mostly just hair," Mastenbrook explained. "Coyotes can't eat the bigger bones like the ribs, vertebrae and legs. Wolves eat those up usually."
 Accidently trapping a wolf isn't a crime, but accidently killing a wolf is illegal.
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in Germany are savings banks public credit institutes after § 1 KWG, which operates banking transactions due to the savings bank laws of the Lands of the Federal Republic and the statute issued in addition for each individual savings bank. The designation savings bank is legally protected after § 40 credit system law.
Table of contents
savings banks are as a rule institutes of the public right. Carrier of a savings bank is a local regional administrative body (city, district) or a local Zweckverband. Legal bases are the savings bank law of the respective Land of the Federal Republic,in that the savings bank their seat has, and a statute issued by the carrier. Organs of the savings bank are the executive committee as an acting committee and the board of directors as a supervisory board. In different Lands of the Federal Republic the savings banks form a Kreditausschuss as the further organ.
usual banking transactions with private households, enterprises, municipalities and institutional customers operate business model the savings banks as universal credit institutes. To it the insert business, the exchange, that belongs Loan business and the security business. Further financial services are offered with group partners so mentioned. Examples of it are:
- Depot, foreign and large loan business over the Landesbank
- building saving over the national building societies (LBS)
- insurance over public insurers (z. B. Provinzial, savings bank insurance, ÖSA, ÖRAG, insurance chamber Bavaria etc.)
- fund business over the DekaBank
- leasing businessover the German leasing.
Savings banks are subject to the regional principle. Afterwards the line of business of a savings bank covers generally the area of the respective local carrier.
The savings bank banking syndicate is in many business fields of the financial service industry market leader in Germany. The general association of all savings banks is the German savings bank and Giroverband.
history of the savings banks
establishment of the savings banks
the first German savings banks on initiative by national rule or private individuals were originally created, in order to open poorer social classes the possibility, a long-term, safe andto form interest-bearing reserve for the accomplishment of the adversities of the life (illness, age etc.). The first savings bank was furnished to 1749 by the realm abbey Salem for the administration of orphan's annuities. Further ones developed 1765 in Bonn village in the Black Forest, 1778 in Hamburg, 1786 in Oldenburg, 1789 in Fulda, 1796 in Kiel and 1804 in Koblenz. 1818 were created in Stuttgart the Württembergi savings bank for the whole Kingdom of Württemberg. The number of savings banks rose from then on rapidly on (1836: 300 savings banks, 1860: approx. 1.200, 1913: approx.3,100 savings banks). Most of it developed as local institutes, as first for example the savings bank Goettingen (1801).
modernization and consolidation
into the 1920er years experienced the savings banks a strong modernization phase, among other things because they took up the cashless money transfer (see Sparkassenreformer Johann Christian Eberle), starting from 1918 in the building savings business entered and insurance offered. Further milestones were z. B. the admission of the consumer loan with its gathering molds starting from 1952 as well as the increasing automation of the exchange starting from the early 1970er years. At center of the 1990er years began a first consolidation in the savings bank sector.By economically caused fusions the number of the savings banks took off until 2005 on approximately 480 (2002: 519.
security system of the savings banks
the inserts of the savings bank customers become secured by an own security system of the savings bank banking syndicate. This sits down from the regional savings bank supporting funds, to thatSafeguard reserve of the Landesbank as well as the contingency fund of the national building societies together. The security system of the savings bank banking syndicate is united in an adhesion group, so that in a case of crisis the total volume of all funds is available for institute-securing measures. The adhesion group secures the attached institutes (Institussicherung) and ensures their Liquidity and solvency.
savings bank s
the savings bank s belongs to the most well-known brand names (Corporate Identity) in Germany. Red S with point is to stylize a savings box with coin and 1938 was for the first time used. The red color (HKS 13) gotthe Logo only 1972. It is patentrechtlich protected.
abroad savings banks
there are savings banks world-wide in 86 countries.
savings banks exist Finland in Finland in the legal form of a donation with 213 branches, 1,130 coworkers and a total balance sheet total of4.447 million euro (conditions: 31. December 2004). Savings banks are surface covering represented in Finland since the bank crisis into the early 1990er years no longer. By the reestablishment of the Nooa Savings bank 2003 there is again a savings bank also in the capital Helsinki. Zentralinstitut of the savings banks is since 1995 the Aktia Savings bank PLC, which originated in to 1991 from the fusion of the savings bank of Helsinki with seven further savings banks. Aktia was converted 1993 into a corporation (PLC).
into the 1990er years were in Italy most savings banks as Donation actively. In the course of a country-wide consolidation in the banking most savings banks were converted into corporations. While the donations remained existing as holding companies, a fusion fever used, with that savings banks (Cassa di Risparmio), cooperative banks (Banca Popolare) and commercial with the banksBanks together-went. As last common link the association of savings banks ACRI (Assoziazione depression Casse di Risparmio e depression Fondazioni di Origine Bancaria) continues to exist.
in Luxembourg gives it the state bank 9 and state State of Banque et to Caisse d'Epargne de l'Etat (BCEE).
the savings bank nature in Norway is split into two camps. On the one hand is active the saving banks NOR at the market, which fused however in the year 2004 with the DNB to the largest bank of the country.
On the other side a group of regional savings banks, those standsunder the Logo SpareBank1 country-wide into action go.
the savings bank in Poland became on operation of Piłsudski 1919 asPocztowa Kasa Oszczędności (postal savings bank) based. Today it firmiert under the name PKO BP, which stands for Powszechna Kasa Oszczędności bank pole ski (general savings bank bank of Poland), as corporation in the government property.
the national savings bank in Russia was already created 1841. Since 1991 firmiertit as corporation under the name СбербанкРоссии (Sberbank).
the savings bank nature in Spain is regionally organized. Each region has or two savings banks. These are organized similar as public in Germany and partly work without winning vines. The association of savings banks is the CECA(Confederación Española de Cajas de Ahorros).
international savings bank combinations
European savings bank combination (ESV)
in the European savings bank combination (ESV) are represented the savings bank organizations from 15 European Union member states and from nine further European countries.
Weltinstitut of the savings banks (POINTED)
Weltinstitut thatSavings banks (POINTED) makes possible world-wide exchange of experience under the savings bank organizations. In addition it represents the points of view of the savings banks on international level, like for example opposite the World Bank or the International Monetary Fund.
the joint undertaking EUFISERV was created by the European savings banks 1990. EUFISERV aimswith its international network mainly on financial traffic by transfer with transactions at money automats.


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The red-cell distribution width (RDW) is associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and is a predictor of ICU survival. It was the aim of this study to investigate the potential of RDW to predict postoperative cardiovascular complications (new onset of treated arrhythmias, myocardial ischaemia or initiation of vasopressor support) and its association with markers of tissue perfusion (serum lactate >2.5 mmol/l).
Analysis of prospectively recorded data for a register of patients admitted to an 18-bed ICU in a large teaching hospital after undergoing high-risk surgery. Haemodynamic and laboratory parameters during the first 12 hours of ICU stay were recorded as well as demographic characteristics. Assessment for postoperative complications was performed using the postoperative morbidity survey and the Clavien-Dindo classification. In addition, clinical outcome data (hospital mortality, length of ICU stay, length of hospital stay, readmission to the ICU) were recorded.
A total of 119 patients were included. Seventy-six (63%) patients developed complications postoperatively. Thirty patients (25.2%) developed cardiovascular complications. These patients had a higher median RDW than patients without cardiovascular complications (14.7 vs. 13.8%, P <0.05). RDW on ICU admission was associated with serum lactate concentration on ICU admission: receiver operating characteristic analysis showed an area under the curve of 0.68 (SE = 0.06, P = 0.005; see Figure 1). RDW >14.35% predicted hyperlactataemia with a sensitivity of 76.0% and a specificity of 71.1%.
Figure 1. Prediction of hyperlactataemia according to RDW.
RDW is a potential parameter for perioperative risk stratification. Further studies will have to elucidate the ability of acute elevations in RDW to reflect impaired tissue perfusion.


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Pioneering research and development on the TruScreen system for real-time cervical tissue differentiation has involved close collaboration with leading clinicians and hospitals across the world.
TruScreen's development began in the late 1980s under the guidance of leading medical academics from Sydney University who sought to establish objective technology that could improve on the conventional Pap test. They believed that it should be possible to distinguish between normal and abnormal tissue by measuring changes in physical properties, such as electrical potential.
After almost 20 years in the R&D phase TruScreen was developed using the 'Opto Electrical' Technology for the detection of cancerous cells on cervix. TruScreen contains a sophisticated algorithm framework that has been developed in collaboration with the Australian Government's applied research division, CSIRO.
TruScreen has been honoured with a range of technology and engineering awards, such as the Australian Design Awards in 2002 for engineering design and a further award for software electronics design. TruScreen was also highlighted in the 2004 Australian Government publication 'Imagination – 100 Years of Bright Ideas in Australia'.
The TruScreen system has a strong range of patents across many countries for its real-time tissue classification from signal inputs using proprietary algorithms.


Ada Programming/Statements
This computer programming article is available in pseudocode, Ada, C, C++, and Delphi.
Note: there are some simplifications in the explanations below. Don't take anything too literally.
Most programming languages have the concept of a statement. A statement is a command that the programmer gives to the computer. For example:
Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line ("Hi there!");
This command has a verb ("Put_Line") and other details (what to print). In this case, the command "Put_Line" means "show on the screen," not "print on the printer." The programmer either gives the statement directly to the computer (by typing it while running a special program), or creates a text file with the command in it. You could create a file called "hi.txt", put the above command in it, and give the file to the computer.
If you have more than one command in the file, each will be performed in order, top to bottom. So the file could contain:
Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line ("Hi there!");
Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line ("Strange things are afoot...");
This does seem like a lot of typing but don't worry: Ada allows you to declare shorter aliasnames if you need a long statement very often.


Frangipani, the sweet-scented tree
Frangipani is certainly the most famous flower in South Pacific, at least the one symbolizing the most the tropical paradise in cold countries.
The name « Frangipani » comes from a legend of the 12th century. It is said that an Italian man called Frangipani made a very appreciated fragrance, and 400 years later, European
travellers in the Caribbean discovered this tree with a similar smell, and called it Frangipani Tree.
It is part of the most beautiful tropical trees. So it is common to find it in gardens, usually decorating and delicately perfuming with its pretty white, yellow or bright pink flowers.
The Frangipani tree, or Tipanie, is originated from South America, and was introduced in Tahiti in 1852.
In Eastern Asia, it has been planted next to temples for thousand years. The Frangipani tree is said to be immortal, because flowers and leaves still grow even after being uprooted.
Way beyond its beauty, the Frangipani tree has an important place in traditional medicine. Used in decoctions, it is rich in essential oils and in substances with high antibiotic properties, giving it excellent antibacterical, antifugal and antiviral properties.
Used in infusions on the body after the bath, it perfumes pleasantly and tones up the skin.
This plant grows slowly but is easy to reproduce: it is just needed to cut the branches when they have no
flowers, let them dry for a few days, then plant and water them.
In French Polynesia, the Frangipani flowers don't have a lot of medicinal uses. They are used for their perfume and their beauty, as ornament or decoration,
and they are used in the elaboration of wonderful and delightfully perfumed necklaces or crowns.
As the cut branches can be kept for a very long time before being planted again, the Frangipani tree is considered as a symbol of immortality. Therefore, it has a very special place into the cemeteries for its supposed contact with the spirits.
In Asia, its bark is used as a strong purgative. In the West Indies, its latex is used as an anti-wart.
In modern cosmetic, the Frangipani flower is found in multiple cosmetic products with soothing properties, as well as in perfumery for its exhilarating and exotic fragrance.
In Asia, Tipanie flowers infusion can be applied on the body following the bath. This infusion will tone up the skin while perfuming it with subtle and delicate smell.


Editorial: Bloomsbury embarks on great adventure to decide high school
Bloomsbury school officials and the residents who live in the close-knit borough are embarking on a great adventure. They're considering changing where their students will attend high school.
For years, Bloomsbury students have attended Phillipsburg High School in Warren County. Every so often someone suggests that because Bloomsbury is in Hunterdon, perhaps its students should attend a Hunterdon high school.
What Hunterdon school would that be? Would it cost more? What programs might they have that aren't offered in P'burg, and vice versa? What about AP classes, graduation rates and the football team? By the time all of the questions were asked, consensus appeared futile.
But times have changed. Last year, the Bloomsbury school board ordered a study to explore the options and implications of changing high schools. Now officials are talking about the study and the future. So are parents, students and school officials outside of Bloomsbury, because Delaware Valley High School in Alexandria Township is a possibility.
Bloomsbury is in an unusual position. With fewer than 1,000 residents, the borough appears too small to efficiently support its own elementary school. That the K-8 Bloomsbury School still exists is probably because a visionary school superintendent, the now-retired Frank Albert, arranged for it to become a "choice school" and accept students from outside the district.
The state pays the tuition, and everyone benefits. Sure, it seems like an obvious idea now. But in 1999, when the economy was going gangbusters, it was radical. That's why it was the only school in the county participating, and initially one of only 10 in the state in the program.
Perhaps tiny Bloomsbury is once again leading the pack. It's asking tough questions about education and costs and benefits and — rather than dismiss new ideas with a wave of the hand — are exploring all the options.
Perhaps its small size makes the district more able to adapt to change, but other school districts would be wise to examine the willingness of Bloomsbury to consider its options.
When the dust settles and a decision is made, maybe Bloomsbury will leave things just as they are. No one knows. But regardless of the outcome, there will be a benefit from the exploration that will endure for years.
"The unexamined life isn't worth living," Plato quoted Socrates as saying. He was right. School districts, too, are worth examination.


Leaping Over Fear to Faith
 In charis house, General, Ministry Village
How can you recognize the signs of anxiety and not just shrug it off to "heightened awareness" in these crazy times?
What should you do when you feel anxiety start to build?
Do anxiety and fear go hand in hand? How should Christians manage fear?
In the middle of the coronavirus pandemic, we asked our Charis House Therapist, Karen Cox, to provide some guidance on these questions to help soothe our anxious and weary hearts and minds. Over the next 2 weeks, our blog will focus on these timely questions.
Karen came to Ministry Village at Olive in November 2013 after having worked as a therapist and licensed mental health counselor for young people, adults and families. She works with the women of the Charis House to help them recognize and move beyond the areas in their lives that made them slaves to addiction, while they seek God's help and redemption. Anxiety and fear are two issues that most of these women struggle with, and they are common issues that can lead to a life of addiction. But beyond that, anxiety and fear also have the power to disrupt your normal life, create poor mental health, and trigger actual physical reactions that can be detrimental to your body's health. With those thoughts in mind, see what Ms. Karen has to say about anxiety and fear.
▸ How can you recognize the signs of anxiety?
I think it is helpful to differentiate concern from anxiety. It is healthy to have concern in our current environment. We need to be concerned enough to know and follow current health and prevention guidelines. We need to be concerned enough about our high-risk populations to not expose them unnecessarily. Concern positions us to take necessary action. On the other hand, anxiety is futile and keeps us stuck in an emotional place that is detrimental to both our physical and mental health
Some indicators that you have moved from concern to anxiety are:
 - cycling thoughts that never go anywhere and never accomplish anything,
 - panicked responses that are beyond what a rational person would perceive as an appropriate action for preparation,
 - difficulty with sleep,
 - irritability,
 - nervous-eating,
 - stomach issues, and
 - tight muscles.
▸ What should someone do when they feel anxiety start to build?
Anytime you experience any negative emotion (anxiety, fear, anger, sadness), I recommend that you stop and ask yourself, "What am I telling myself right now about this situation?" In any situation, what you tell yourself can either help you to feel better or make you feel a whole lot worse. Scripture calls this "taking thoughts captive". It is taking a minute to ask yourself what you are thinking and evaluating if it is even realistic or true. Sometimes when we are stuck in anxiety, we can't even tell. This is where trustworthy friends and counselors can come in to play. Share your concern with someone you know and get their feedback on the rationality of your thought processes.
Romans 12:21 – "take captive every thought to make it obedient to Christ"
2 Corinthians 10:5 – "demolish arguments and every pretension that sets itself up against the knowledge of God, and we take captive every thought to make it obedient to Christ."
▸ Do anxiety and fear go hand-in-hand? How should Christians manage fear?
Fear is an emotion that God gave us to alert us to danger. Our neurological senses and insights are designed to let us know that we need to pay attention to something. Unfortunately, by the time most of us are adults, we have developed some learned responses and false beliefs that drive our fear and can distort our danger filters. My advice would be to use the emotion of fear to prompt you to evaluate if you are in real danger or not. Anxiety will exaggerate the degree of danger and the sense that you have to scramble to alleviate the threat — even when that threat may not be real. Again, operate out of concern. Identify what you can control and what you can't. Do what you can to optimize the safety of yourself and others. Acknowledge there are things you cannot control. As believers, this is where we have an advantage. We get to rest in knowing that God is still good, He is still able, and He promises to have a plan that will prosper us even in the worst of times.
In next week's blog, we will discuss the importance of self-care and ways to focus on building healthy habits instead of falling into destructive behavior patterns.
✥ Karen has written a book, "Promises For Prodigals," available on Amazon. The book includes 460 scriptural promises for prodigals and is meant to encourage those who have a prodigal in their own family.
✥ The Charis House is a non-profit Christian-based residential substance abuse program for females. The program is designed in 3 phases, each offering stages of recovery that provide the necessary tools for a practical transition into a new lifestyle free of addiction. The faith-based recovery program addresses the client's personal relationship with God as the foundation for healing and wholeness. It requires a willingness to change and adhere to a controlled, strict and disciplined environment, allowing life-changing experiences to occur. There is no fee to apply.
✥ To learn more about the Charis House, click here or contact Debbe Jefcoat at _PHONE_ or _EMAIL_.
✥ To donate to the Charis House or any Ministry Village program, click here.
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No, MovingWorlds is designed to create local jobs, not erode them. Experteers are most suitable to help solve an issue when local capacity does not exist, and the Experteer is also training and being prepared to focus on the transfer of knowledge (upskilling staff and partners) in the process. Learn more about how Experteers are focused on sustainable impact on our Process Page.
Articles in this section
- What does MovingWorlds do, and what is "Experteering?"
- What's the difference between Experteering and Voluntourism?
- Do you charge organizations to post projects/be matched with Experteers?
- Is it ok if I charge Experteers for hosting them?
- Do I need a profile? How do I set one up?
- Is MovingWorlds similar to a recruiting (temp) agency?
- What locations or countries does MovingWorlds focus on?
- Does MovingWorlds have any religious affiliation? Do you share and promote any religion, religious groups, or religious message either directly or indirectly via our project postings?
- What is MovingWorlds' business model?
- Do you have impact data that Experteering is actually working?


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Major Section: PROGRAMMING
(Reverse x) is the result of reversing the order of the
elements of the list or string
The guard for
reverse requires that its argument is a true list
or a string.
Reverse is defined in Common Lisp. See any Common Lisp
documentation for more information.


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The topic of kids returning back-to-school is always up for debate amid the coronavirus pandemic. But around the globe, the idea of kids heading back to the classroom may not be as controversial as it is here in the U.S.
A new report on children, schools and the coronavirus pandemic from the University of Washington, found that several countries including Cambodia, Afghanistan, Ghana and China returned to the classroom early on in the pandemic. And while some outbreaks occurred in schools, the report found "little evidence that schools were main drivers of transmission."
According to the report, when countries began reopening schools for in-person learning in April and May, modifications were implemented in schools such as reduced class sizes or staggered schedules.
One country that modified in-person learning to smaller class sizes was Denmark. In May, they were one of the first countries in the world to reopen their schools by putting children in "protective bubbles" of 12 -- where they ate, played and learned with the same pod of children and a teacher.
"We have seen that limiting group sizes, keeping those groups linked together, these are things that we know [that] work to control transmission," said Brandon Guthrie, Assistant Professor at the University of Washington, Departments of Global Health and Epidemiology.
Now this fall, school is relatively "normal" in Denmark with larger class sizes of 24.
In South Korea, schools were also able to bring students back for in-person learning in May with a few adjustments.
By having students among different grades alternate between returning to school and taking online classes, it helped reduce the risk of school-based transmission.
"We take turns going to school," said Jiho Yun, a ninth grade student in South Korea. "In the first week, the 7th graders go to school and the 8th and 9th graders stay home taking online classes."
When Yun does go to school, she has to check in using a COVID-19 symptom tracker and undergo five temperature checks throughout the day.
According to experts, the model of bringing students based on different age groups or grades works if it's decided early on which group of students benefit most from in-person learning.
In Denmark, Sweden, Norway and Finland, there was a push to get younger students back in classrooms first. While in Germany, schools had older students return to classrooms in person because they believed they could more "effectively adhere to the physical distancing measures," according to Guthrie.
And in countries like Uruguay, schools focused on bringing students back to the classroom from rural areas, who the government determined were less likely to have access to remote learning.
While the report does point out that there is "clear evidence for the potential for widespread transmission" for COVID-19, the research provided based on how other countries were able to successfully reopen can offer some clues for how schools in the U.S. could safely reopen and what could potentially work.


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Проблемы сущности права на современном этапе.
Калинин, Сергей Артурович
MetadataShow full item record
The problems of the essence of law determined by the globalization process are analyzed in this article. The author puts a hypothesis that present globalization processes determine changes in the essence and content of law as well as it's features. That determines the futurology problems in law, when the law appears as one of the elements of a certain world model. The author analyses the main theories of the essence of law (law as a measure of justice, freedom etc.) and moreover the main law interpretation concepts (philosophic, normative, sociological, law as integrity), the main conclusion is they are interconnected as every project emphasizes only a one side of the law being. The hypothesis is checked by the analysis of the widely used law features and law conceptions and it's critique from the point of contemporary globalization processes. It affords to make a conclusion that some features change it's content but law saves its essence as a method of the most significant social relations regulation thus ignoring changing of law values.
- Articles / Straipsniai


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1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Pycnostyle
|←Pycnogonida||1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 22
|Pye, Henry James→|
|See also Glossary of architecture#P on Wikipedia, and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.|
PYCNOSTYLE (Gr. πυκνός, close, compact, and στῦλος, column), the architectural term given by Vitruvius to the intercolumniation of the columns of a temple, when this was equal to 11⁄2 diameters.


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NAD+ for Depression San Jose, CA
Depression impacts millions of people every year. While outside stress can have an impact on those with depression, there are biological factors as well. Cognitive impairments, including brain cell inflammation and neurotransmitter imbalances can be factors in experiencing depression symptoms. At NexGen Health in San Jose, CA, we offer NAD+ IV therapy infusion treatment for depression that can improve symptoms from a cellular level.
NAD+ is the active form of nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide, a coenzyme of niacin, or vitamin B3. NAD+ is required for creating energy in the human cells and for many other cellular functions. When NAD+ levels are low, there is a higher chance of cellular dysfunction. This includes cells in the brain and nervous system. Individuals with low levels of NAD+ are at higher risk for mood disorders, addiction and depression. Restoring NAD+ levels in the body and brain can help improve the performance of neurotransmitters and other cells.
Mood Elevation and Calming Effects
NAD+ IV therapy infusion treatment for depression can impact the function of the brain and nervous system. Improving NAD+ levels can result in higher levels of coenzymes and chemicals in the brain that stimulate happy and calm effects on mood. Neurotransmitters require NAD+ to function correctly, and increased levels can improve cognitive function and focus. NAD+ also helps detoxify the body and removes elements that can impact mental and physical health.
NAD+ IV treatments for depression are very safe and can improve mood and cognitive function from a cellular level. There are no negative side effects from using NAD+ for depression or anxiety, only improved cellular health and overall wellness.
If you are interested in learning more about NAD+ IV therapy infusion treatment for depression, contact us at NexGen Health in San Jose to book your appointment. We can schedule a consultation with one of our medical team to discuss NAD+ IV treatments to determine if this therapy may be right for you.


In 2010, approximately 734,611 speakers of this language were registered and many others are already beginning to practice it. Here at we will tell you the meaning of Am en Maya and in which parts of the world communicate through this historical language. Go ahead!
The word Am en Maya means Spider, which is an invertebrate arthropod animal whose main characteristics is to have eight legs and a kind of tweezers that are called queliperos. This strange word comes from a 4000-year-old language B.C. Continue reading to us and learn more. 👇
Recommended: Meaning of Languso
Where Does the Word Am en Maya Come From?
The word Am en Maya originates from the Mayan culture, specifically the so-called proto-Maya language, the oldest language. This ancestral language was used by Central American Aborigines 4000 or 5000 years ago to communicate verbally.
Despite being a highly historical language, its use remains in many regions of Central America. Today speakers of this language can be found in much of Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, El Salvador and southern Mexico.
Curious Words of the Maya Language
We show you a series of words used by the Mayan culture.
· Achichincle
This curious expression is extracted from nahualt (Mexican macro), and its meaning is as follows:
atl is equal to"water"and chichinqui means"suck" is defined as"sucking water". It is widely used in Spanish, especially these Central American regions, to refer derogatoryly to the person who "does everything said by his boss". Which is equal to a despicable subject.
· Papalote
It also comes from nahualt, and is extracted from the word papalotl. It means butterfly.
· Cuate
It is native to the nahualt"Cuatl" and its meaning is twin, twin. Today, the word cuate is widely used by Mexican culture and its connotation is "friend".
· Sáas
Glass object used for divination activities.
· Awat Che'ej
It means, "laugh with laughter."
It's quite interesting and important to know a little bit about each culture. Our world is constantly changing and globalization influences so much that different cultures mix by making us confused. But don't forget that you can count on us, our Library always awaits your queries.