What Is A Human Landscape?
What is natural landscape in human geography?
A natural landscape is the original landscape that exists before it is acted upon by human culture.
The natural landscape and the cultural landscape are separate parts of the landscape..
What makes a landscape beautiful?
What is a landscape example?
An example of landscape is the plans, shrubs and bushes that have been planted to make a house look nicer. To landscape is defined as to improve the appearance of land by using carefully designed gardens, bushes or other materials. An example of landscape is when you plant flowers and bushes in your yard.
What are the 4 elements of landscape design?
How much do landscapers make a month?
How much do landscapers charge to pull weeds?
Most gardeners charge around $30 per hour for weed removal. The typical time needed to clean up the weeds in a yard is four to five hours, so you're looking at a $120-$150 cost for one weed removal session.
What is human landscape?
Human landscapes (for example, cities and farms) have been created and modified by people. Human landscapes are sometimes also referred to as cultural landscapes. Some different types of landscapes are described below.
What are the 7 types of landscapes?
What are the different types of landscapes?
What are some things landscapers do?
What are the five landscapes?
Ancient Tamil poetry describes five geographical landscapes in Tamil country, each evoking a particular emotional state and imagery. These are Kurinji, or mountainous regions; Mullai, or forests; Marudham, the fertile croplands and plains; Neidhal, or the seashore, and Palai, the desert or wasteland.
How much do self employed landscapers make?
The top respondents for the job title Landscaper are from the companies Landscaping Ltd., The Brickman Group, Ltd. and Trugreen Landcare. Reported salaries are highest at Landscaping Ltd. where the average pay is $14.46.


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Asagi are fully scaled, nonmetallic fish with a long history, but because they closely resemble Magoi (the wild black carp). Some hobbyists see them as unrefined, dull, and not proper koi at all. Certainly they are an acquired taste, far removed from the brilliantly tri colored modern Showa or the flashy koi grouped in Hikariutsuri. But their quiet elegance serves as a counterpart to their more exotic pond mates and they also have the potential to grow very large.
Asagi have a long, yet simple history. The Asagi Magoi, one of the three recognized types of Magoi, is said to be the forerunner of all modern koi breeds. About 160 years ago, two mutants koi types arose from this proto-koi, namely the Konjo and the Narumi Asagi. Although instrumental in the development of Matsuba koi, the dark Konjo Asagi were not seen as having any value, and were kept mostly for food stock. However, Narumi Asagi have gone on to become one half of a recognized judging variety - the other being their Doitsu counterparts, or Shusui.
The Bekko Koi Fish is usually a white fish with black markings. The Bekko has also been known to be red, or yellow with black markings. The white Bekko is known as the Shiro Bekko Koi, the yellow is known as the Aka Bekko, and the red is known as the Ki Bekko. The Japanese translation means "tortoise shell." The Bekko is commonly mistaken for the Utsuri Koi Fish.
The Doitsu Koi Fish is a variation of the Sanke Koi. The Doitsu is a scale less version of the fish. Commonly the Doitsu is red, black and white. The Doitsu was created by cross breeding several types of German Carp.
The Gin Matsuba Koi Fish is a metallic looking fish. It is normally a silver or red hue. The Gin Matsuba is part of the Hikary family. The Japanese translation is "pine cone."
The GinRin Kohaku Koi Fish is part of the Kohaku family. The GinRin is normally white with red shiny scales. The Japanese translation is silver (white metallic) and red.
The Goromo Koi Fish is very similar to the standard Kohaku Koi, except instead of having the standard red patches, the edges of the scales normally have a black or blue hue to them. The breed of fish is a hybrid of the Kohaku and the Asagi Koi Fish. The breed came about in the 1950s.
Kikokuryu are the metallic version of Kumonryu. Where the Kumonryu has muted, matte white and soft, deep black, the Kikokuryu has a metallic platinum-white and a glossy, lacquer-black.
Kikokuryu originated from a crossing of Kumonryu and Platinum Ogon brood stock.
What To Look For: Similar to Kumonryu, the pattern of any single Kikokuryu will change completely many times throughout it\'s lifespan. For this reason, body conformation and the quality of the colors themselves (but not the pattern) should be the first things considered when choosing a Kikokuryu.
Be aware that if you buy a Kikokuryu solely for the pattern that it displays at the time of purchase, it is likely to change to a completely different pattern within a few months, if not sooner.
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At the bedside
Hello everyone! I'm a Spanish student of translation and I'm now working on a medical project. The text is about a tracheostomy.
This is the parragraph:
"1 What is a tracheostomy?
A tracheostomy is an artificially-created opening in the front of the neck. It goes through the skin and allows direct access to the trachea (windpipe). Tracheostomies are inserted below the level of the vocal cords (voice-box). Tracheostomies can be inserted by senior critical care doctors at the bedside, or by surgeons in the operating theatre."
I would like to know what does "at the bedside" means in this context. I hope someone can help me! Thanks in advance!
 - Top


text:
Beyond Sentimentality: American Childhood as a Social and Cultural Construct
1. Myth of a carefree childhood.
2. Home as a haven and bastion of stability in an ever changing world.
3. Childhood is the same for all children.
who couldn t allord the child. As far as the 8 Us are concemcd. its Spread could reach
whole communities and cause more people to be ill.
Lastly we will look at how tlte macrosystcm is affected. When something is 50
common it becomes a socral nonn. It ha
Running head: PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION: CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
Professional Communication: Cultural Sensitivity
Name of the Student
PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION: CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
Professional Communication: Cultural Sensiti

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text:
Space technology for marine mammal research and conservation in the Arctic
With the support of WWF-Russia and Council on Marine Mammals Research and development center, ScanEx carried out a project to perfect decoding of satellite images of walrus locations in the south-east Barents region.
The quality of the acquired images allowed us to define the locations and approximate number of walrus groups.
Lack of knowledge of the Atlantic walrus is a serious obstacle to reducing the negative impact on these animals from developing oil and gas extraction.
This brochure is intended for specialists, teachers and university students.


- Jay EuDaly
Tab Reliance Sabotages Knowledge!
Updated: Feb 4
Have you wondered why you seem to be stuck when it comes to progressing on the guitar? Have you ever wondered,
"For as long as I've been playing I should be better!"
There could be many reasons why you've hit a wall, but one reason that I see often is an over-reliance on guitar tablature.
While I'm not categorically against using tab in certain circumstances, let me be clear;
The operative word here is, "reliance."
If you are relying on tab to learn stuff; tunes, scales, licks, etc. then you are playing by rote, like a trained monkey.
And what do you actually know? Whatever you've learned by rote, like a trained monkey. Tab will tell you what string/fret to play BUT;
 - It doesn't tell you what that note name is.
 - It doesn't tell you what scale that note is derived from.
 - It doesn't tell you what key you're in.
 - It doesn't give you any codified or organized musical information
 - It doesn't answer any "why?" -type questions.
Have you thought that at some point you need to learn the note names on the neck, but that point never seems to come because the task seems so overwhelming? So you continue to lean on tab to learn the songs, scales, licks etc. that you want to learn - which reinforces your procrastination of buckling down to the task.
A task which, by the way, doesn't have to be so overwhelming that you have to "buckle down" to get it done. More on that in a minute.
There are two main reasons that I direct my students away from the use of tab:
 1. Guitar Tab doesn't exist in the real world. I've played thousands and thousands of gigs, thousands and thousands of recording sessions, and spent years studying the guitar on a very advanced level. Do you want to know how many times I've had a producer or band leader put a tab chart in front of me? ZERO! Guitar Tab only exists in the guitar sub-culture, which is very inbred. Guitarists listen only to other guitarists, they hang out and talk shop with other guitarists, they read a plethora of magazines dedicated to the guitar, they frequent websites, message boards, and forums that are guitar-specific, and have developed their own written language (Guitar Tab) that only other guitarists understand, thereby cutting themselves off from the whole world of music and musicians. They are unable to communicate intelligently about musical content with other musicians who aren't guitar players. Thus, to use tab as a teaching tool is a disservice to my students, leaving them unprepared if they opt to do more than just playing guitar for themselves.
 2. Guitar Tab does not reinforce knowledge of the instrument; it sabotages it. I deal with students all the time that can play the latest big deal from the latest guitar god that they learned from a tab chart posted on m-f-inglyawesomeguitartabs.com, which, by the way, is probably inaccurate. They think they know something but they don't know where E-flat is on the 3rd string. THEY DON'T KNOW THE NECK! If you don't know the neck, whatever it is that you're playing, no matter how good, accurate or authentic it sounds, you are playing by rote. You don't know what you're doing.
Unfortunately, in pursuit of the almighty dollar, Guitar Tablature has become institutionalized.
Years ago, in pursuit of a publishing deal for my guitar method, Vertical Truth: Chordal Mechanisms for the Guitar, I was informed that no major publisher would publish my book unless it was tabbed out. In doing this the industry is reinforcing the ignorance of guitarists and guitar playing that permeates the current environment.
To tab out my method would gut THE main purpose of it; understanding music and knowing the fretboard. So I walked away from any kind of publishing deal and decided to do it on my own.
Please note that I have said nothing about reading music; I am not making an either/or argument for reading music and against tab. The argument is that use of tab sabotages knowledge of the neck - whether you can read or not.
There are plenty of examples of brilliant, ground-breaking guitarists who can't read; that doesn't mean they are not masters of the instrument. Nor does it mean they aren't musically knowledgeable. It just means they can't read.
My concern is not about learning to read music, it's about gaining musical knowledge and how that applies to the guitar. Therefore, a knowledgeable grasp of the instrument is necessary. If you don't know the note names on the guitar neck, you can't apply the musical knowledge.
And reliance on tab is counterproductive to knowing note names.
BTW - written music is also a tab system. If you're compare/contrasting tab and music notation (which is not the point of this blog), the reason why learning to read music notation is preferable to guitar tab is that written music is universal. It's used by western musicians of EVERY instrument and has been for CENTURIES.
Reading music is nothing to be scared of, and those of you who have studied personally with me know that I don't carry a big stick around, forcing my students to read. I'm very laid back about it, and different students acquire the skill at different points of progress. I'm fairly organic in my approach to it.
The essential thing, the thing of first importance, is being able to visualize the guitar fretboard and knowing what you are looking at - everything else is derived from that, including reading music.
Now...I said learning all the note names doesn't have to be overwhelming. How about this:
These six notes occur on the 6th and 5th strings at the first 3 frets that have dots - or whatever the fret markers are on your guitar; frets 3, 5 & 7.
Starting on the 6th-string, 7th fret, memorize and play the notes in this order:
Notice the first four notes spell the word, "bead." So all you have to remember is, "BEAD-G-C."
Now, what if I was to tell you,
I can teach you a way to get from these six notes to every note on the guitar neck without memorizing all the note names on every string!?
It's not hype - I've taught thousands of students since the early eighties. My students can find any note anywhere on the neck. And it starts with memorizing BEAD-G-C. Some students can get to the point of finding any note anywhere in just 3 lessons - or less. I have videos of 7-year-olds and 9-year-olds doing it.
This is just the beginning of the first lesson out of 5 of the 5-Lesson Foundational Series. You can download the 5-Lesson Foundational Series right here for free without signing up - no strings attached! Download it, check it out, and if you like what you get, you can sign up later at MasterGuitarSchool.com. And remember, sign up is FREE!
Just click on the picture to go straight to the download page.
Quit sabotaging yourself - punt your reliance on tab and get over that wall against which you've been banging your head in futility!
Check out Master Guitar School!
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 2. Canoeing
Canoeing is a water sport, in which athletes use small lightweight boats to paddle on the water. Canoeing is a very dynamic sport that can be practiced recreationally by anyone, while also having a competitive side. Recreationally, canoeing is a good way to enjoy a sunny day. There is really no previous knowledge needed to practice canoeing, it is truly not hard to pick it up. Canoeing can be done in white-water, wild-water, rapids, and even the ocean.
Canoeing competitively is a little more challenging. The sport has a solid base of athletes, who focus their lives on improving at the sport, and winning at the highest level. While there are several modalities of competitive canoeing, the most well-known are sprint, and slalom, both present in the Olympic Games.
canoeing history
Canoeing, before becoming a physical activity, was a means of transportation, and it is still used as such by many. A central character in turning canoeing into a popular activity and sport was Scottish John MacGregor, who in the 1860s traveled around Europe and the Middle East popularizing canoeing. Around the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th, canoeing became increasingly popular in Europe and North America. Several canoeing clubs were founded. In 1936 canoeing was featured at the Olympic Games for the first time.
Playing Surface
Canoeing Playing Surface
Canoeing is practiced on water. There are many modalities practiced on different types of water bodies. Canoeing can be practiced on lakes, rivers, and even the ocean. While doing it on a lake, waters are calm and it is easy to control the canoe or kayak. Canoeing in a river that has a strong current requires more experience and knowledge.
In the Olympics, one of the most impressive venues is always where canoeing slalom is held. The organizing committee builds an artificial rafting course, something like a huge swimming pool with artificial currents. Canoeing sprint is not held at the same venue, but rather somewhere where water is calm and still, allowing athletes to reach top speed in their canoes.
Canoeing Equipment
Whether you want to practice canoeing recreationally or competitively, you'll need certain pieces of equipment. In addition, depending on what modality of canoeing you'll be practicing, that equipment you'll need may vary slightly. Check out some of the main pieces of equipment necessary to practice canoeing:
 - Canoe or Kayak
 - Paddle
 - Lifejacket
 - Helmet
 - Wetsuit
Canoeing Gameplay
In competitive canoeing, gameplay is usually quick and speedy. For example, in canoeing sprints, athletes are lined up in their canoes and race each other in a sprint, and whoever finishes first wins. Sprints are usually short and so explosiveness and speed are very important. In canoeing slalom, speed is equally important, although skill also plays a big part. Athletes must go down a course, going through gates and fighting strong currents. The winner is whoever finishes the course in the shortest time.
Rules and Regulations
Canoeing Rules and Regulations
While there are no rules to recreational canoeing, the sport's competitive events are full of them. Check out some of the main rules:
LanesCanoe SprintAt a race, each canoe is assigned a straight lane, to which it must stick all through the race, Athletes cannot invade lanes next to theirs, or else they can be disqualified. The athletes with the best times in qualifying heats are awarded the central lanes.
False StartCanoe SprintAthletes who start before they are allowed to commit a false start. If a first false start is committed, the athlete is given a second shot to start the race at the proper time. If a false start is done for the second time, the athlete is disqualified.
Tie BreaksCanoe SlalomIt sometimes happens that athletes finish with the exact same times after going through the course. If that happens in a preliminary heat, all athletes with the said time will advance to the next round. If it happens in the final heat, and the athletes have a tie that puts them in the podium, they shall all receive medals. Simply put, there are no tie-breaks.
Going through gatesCanoe SlalomIn canoe slalom, athletes must go through gates, posted all around the course. Athletes must go through all gates, and they have to do it without being upside down. Missing gates results in time penalties.
Touching gate polesCanoe SlalomWhen going through gates, athletes cannot touch any of the poles that limit the gates. Neither athlete nor paddle or boat can touch the poles, with time penalties being added at the end if that happens.
Referees and Officials
Canoeing Referees and Officials
Depending on what modality of canoeing is being practiced, the duty of referees and officials change. For example, the job of a polo canoe referee is a lot different from that of a canoe slalom referee, much because the rules are very different. While a polo canoe referee must pay attention to the interaction between players, in canoe slalom referees have to pay attention to the athlete's performance, and if he or she commits penalties that may result in time being added.
Recently, the job of a referee in canoe slalom has become simpler. A system of video cameras has been implemented to help referees see if athletes touch gate poles or commit any other faults.
Lingo and Terminology
Canoeing Lingo and Terminology
Canoeing has lots of terms that are used by the people who practice it. Most of it refers to parts of boats and the equipment. Take a look at some canoeing lingo and important terminology:
BellyThe bottom part of the canoe, the part that is in contact with the water.
BladesThe part of the paddle that goes inside the water
BowThe front of the canoe.
GunwaleThe top edges of the canoe.
Keel Ridge on the outside bottom of the canoe, improves stability.
PaddlesIt is used to paddle the canoe or kayak.
Skills and Techniques
Canoeing Skills and Techniques
Canoeing is really a not hard sport to practice; if done in an easy environment and with the proper equipment, it doesn't require any previous skill or technique knowledge. Nonetheless, doing it more efficiently and in more challenging environments it requires more experience and a better understanding of stroking technique. Keep in mind that the stroking technique may also change depending on how many people are paddling in a canoe. There are a few other techniques to think about aside from the stroking method chosen. It is good to use torso rotation when paddling, while also working both upper and lower body.
Canoeing Coaches
The best canoeing coaches in the world do not have celebrity status, or are well-known around the world. Nonetheless, that doesn't mean that they haven't been legendary, or that they haven't been successful. Below are some of the best canoeing coaches in history, and the athletes they trained:
Ivan PaitzachinRomanian National Team
Jesús MorlanIsaquias Queiroz, David Mol
Katalin RozsnyóiHungarian National Team
Canoeing Coaching
In canoeing, it is the coaches job to work the athlete's skills and techniques, strength and fitness, and mind. For that, canoeing coaches must be very knowledgeable about the sport. Although some think that canoeing is purely physical and there are no tactics involved, that is far from the truth. Coaches, their training techniques, and relationship with athletes can make a strong difference. In addition to that, canoeing is a sport where it often comes down to seconds or centimeters. With such a slim margin between being successful and unsuccessful, a coach's leadership skills, and psychological work are extra important.
Canoeing Strategy
In canoe sprint, the strategy is similar to that of track and field events. Athletes must know to control their power, strength, and speed. Understanding their strengths and weaknesses, they must decide when to increase speed and when to go to that final sprint. This can give the athlete a medal if done at the right time, or can wear them out if done at the wrong time. In double's or 4 people events, all members of the team must be in sync, and understand each other's rhythms to do the best sprint possible.
Canoeing Drills
Canoe drills vary depending on your goals in the sport. While canoe athletes who train to fight for an Olympic or World Championship medal may have more intense, fitness focused workouts and drills, people who do canoeing recreationally may focus more on improving their paddling technique and general boat control. To improve paddling technique, a good idea is just to stand in the water, with water up to around the knees, and paddle. That allows for technique improvement, and better understanding of water movement when doing so. If you are also looking to do drills that improve your fitness, working the core, abs, and chest is a good idea to improve in canoeing.
Olympic Canoeing
Olympic Canoeing
Canoeing is very popular in the Olympics. The sport is present in the Games with two disciplines, Canoe Sprint and Canoe Slalom, each with multiple events. Canoe Sprint was the first one to be added to the Olympic program, back in 1936. Sprint has Kayak and Canoe events, with singles, doubles, and four athletes per boat. The distances also vary, with the


$, is of total degree $20$, and contains $598$ monomial terms, with typical integer coefficient in the millions.
Added remark: The formulae simplify dramatically if one assumes that the centroid of the triangle is at $z=0$, i.e., that $a_1 = \bar a_1 = 0$. (This is analogous to the way that the cubic formula itself simplifies when one removes the quadratic term. Moreover, this can always be easily arranged in the usual way by translation.) When $a_1 = \bar a_1 = 0$, we have $$ R = 16V^2 - 3S^2 + 12 a_2 \bar a_2 $$ and $$ \begin{array} \\ Q &= S^6-6{a_2}{\bar a_2}S^4-27{a_3}{\bar a_3}S^3+9{a_2}^2{\bar a_2}^2S^2\\ &\qquad {} +81{a_2}{a_3}{\bar a_2}{\bar a_3}S -27{a_3}^2{\bar a_2}^3 - 27{a_2}^3{\bar a_3}^2 - 4{a_2}^3{\bar a_2}^3. \end{array} $$ The formula for $P$ is still not that nice, though; it has $17$ terms, with coefficients in the millions. Rather than input it here, I'll just recommend that those interested compute the resultant of this reduced $R$ and $Q$ with respect to $S$ to get it.
Another added remark (the real case): If, in addition, one assumes that the $a_k$ are real (and that $a_1=0$), then the polynomial $P$ factors as $$ 16V^2 (16V^2{+}9{a_2}^2)^2 (4096V^6{+}4608{a_2}^2 V^4{+}1296{a_2}^4V^2{-}19683{a_3}^4{-}2916{a_2}^3{a_3}^2). $$ In particular, note that $V=0$ is always a root and that $P=0$ has a positive real root $V$ if and only if $27{a_3}^2+4{a_2}^3$ is positive (and $a_3\not=0$), i.e., if and only if the original cubic has only one real (nonzero) root, just as one would expect.
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There is a typo in the product of $V$ and $V^\top$. The top left entry should be 3, not 1. I wonder if it affects the outcome... – Dima Pasechnik Nov 25 '11 at 3:26
_USER_: Oh, you are right; thanks for pointing this out. I have edited the answer to correct this. It doesn't really change anything, except that P now has $1175$ terms instead of merely $646$. – Robert Bryant Nov 25 '11 at 4:28
It would be interesting to know more about $Q$. After all, if $S$ can be found as a function of $a_k$ and $\overline{a}_k$ then the determinant expression for $VV^\top$ might be more useful than the 1175-term expansion. Could you perhaps post the expansion for $Q$? Thanks in advance. – Dima Pasechnik Nov 25 '11 at 6:42
_USER_: $Q$ itself has $66$ terms, but the coefficients are quite small, so it's not completely crazy to think that it might contain some useful information. However, I'm a little reluctant to put the whole thing in the answer because it's still quite long, and I'd have to struggle with the typesetting or else leave it as a 'long line'. Let me think about whether I can do something better. One thing that I noticed is that the formulae simplify quite a lot if you assume that the centroid of the triangle is at $z=0$. Maybe I'll post those formulae first, so that you can see the rough shape. – Robert Bryant Nov 25 '11 at 12:53
_USER_, perhaps you can just post the Maple(?) code you wrote to produce $Q$. – Dima Pasechnik Nov 26 '11 at 7:31
Not quite an answer, but a cute fact: if the three points (I use $x, y, z$ below, for typing convenience) are all on the unit circle, then the square of the area equals (using the OP's formula, and the observation that in this case $\overline{z} = 1/z$)
$-\dfrac{(x-y)^2 (x-z)^2 (y-z)^2}{16x^2y^2z^2}.$
The numerator is a multiple of the square of the discriminant of the polynomial, and can be easily written in terms of symmetric functions as $-a^2 b^2 + 4 b^3 + 4 a^3 c - 18 a b c + 27 c^2.$ The denominator is obvious.
For reasons given in my comment this formula does not generalize to "general" triples in the complex plane.
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There is a clear experimental maths strategy to attack a problem like this. A "generic" polynomial $(z-z_1)(z-z_2)(z-z_3)=z^3-az^2+bz-c$ can be replaced with a very concrete one: Choose $a$, $b$ and $c$ to be (at least presumably) $\mathbb Q$-algebraically independent complex numbers. Compute numerically the zeroes $z_1$, $z_2$, $z_3$ of the polynomial $z^3-az^2+bz-c$ and the corresponding value $V(z_1,z_2,z_3)$. Then we expect $V$ to satisfy an algebraic equation with coefficients from $\mathbb Q[a,b,c]$, and this can be guessed efficiently with either LLL or PSLQ.
I did not try hard after seeing Igor's response and comments, but it seems that there is no algebraic equation of degree $\le6$ for $V$.
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This is not very likely to work since if you take $a,b,c$ to be reals umbers you are likely to get $3$ real roots and the area will be zero, which will not be usefull. Of course if you take the real parts of $a,b,c$ and the imaginary paorts of $a,b,c$ to be algebraicly independant you can do it, but the number of variables is getting too big. – kassabov Nov 23 '11 at 11:44
This was already in Igor's comments. No secrets from you: My choice was $a=\log(2)$, $b=\exp(1)$ and $c=\pi\sqrt{-1}$. Believe you or not, but the zeroes were all unreal. Even more, I also tried the case $a=0$, $b=\exp(1)$ and $c=\pi\sqrt{-1}$ (which is mentioned in your post) and still no result in degree less than 7. – Wadim Zudilin Nov 23 '11 at 11:51
you can simplify the computations even further by reducing to the case $a=0$ and $c=1$, but then you cna not expect the answer to be algebraic in $b$, but it should be algebraic in $Re b$ and $Im b$ – kassabov Nov 23 '11 at 12:08
For simplicity let assume that the $f(z) = z^3 - az +b $ and has roots $z_1, z_2, z_3$. For each $i$ consider the polynomial $f_i(z) = f(z/z_1) = z^3 -a_i z + b_i$ which has roots $1$ and $-1/2 \pm \lambda_i$ for some $\lambda_i$
The area the triangle with the roots of $f_i$ is $3/4 |Im \lambda_i$ and its discriminat is $D_i = 4 \lambda_i^2 (9/4 - \lambda_i^2)^2$ and $b_i = 1/4 - \lambda_i^2$. Thus the area of this triangle is $A_i = \frac{3}{4} Im \frac{\sqrt{\pm D_i}}{b_i +2}$
However $D_i$, $A_i$ and $b_i$ can be easily expressed using the corresponding values for the original polynomial and the root $z_i$, i.e. $b_i = b / z_i^3$ $D_i = D/ z_i^6$ and $A_i = A/|z_i|^2$ thus we have $$ A =


Button group
Group a series of buttons together on a single line with the button group, and super-power them with javascript. Read the Official Bootstrap Documentation for a full list of instructions and other options.
Basic example
Wrap a series of buttons with.btn in.btn-group.
Button toolbar
Combine sets of button groups into button toolbars for more complex components. Use utility classes as needed to space out groups, buttons, and more.
Feel free to mix input groups with button groups in your toolbars. Similar to the example above, you'll likely need some utilities though to space things properly.
Instead of applying button sizing classes to every button in a group, just add.btn-group-* to each.btn-group, including each one when nesting multiple groups.
Vertical variation


text:
The Finnish Geotechnical Society sponsored the International Symposium on Frost in Geotechnical Engineering on March 13-15,1989, in Saariselka, Finland. Approximately 150 researchers from around the world attended. Three sessions were
held, including special lectures on the mechanics of freezing and thawing by B. Ladanyi, the frost heave properties of soils by D.M. Anderson, and frost protection in design and construction by R. Nordal. Other lectures were:
- Simulation of freezing and thawing of soil materials by E.A. Bondarev
- Frost problems in road construction by H. Brand1
- Modeling of thermal soil behavior by M. Fremond
- Frost susceptibility of soils by H. Jessberger
- Frost protection of design and construction in Japan by F. Kohno
- Preventative measures against frost action in soils by S. Kinosita
- Freezing and thawing in cylindrical coordinates by V.J. Lunardini
- Preventative measures against frost action in soils by A. Phukan
- Evaluation of frost heave properties of soils by S. Saarelainen
- Adfreeze strength of soils by A.V. Sadovsky
- Physical changes in clay due to frost action and their effects on engineering structures by E. Chamberlain.
52 related papers were presented and discussed and were published in two volumes, available from Technical Research Center of Finland. Following the symposium there was a two-day field trip to observe roads and road construction techniques
in Lapland. Methods of dealing with road icings, cracking and snow drifting were examined. The next symposium is scheduled for Anchorage, Alaska in 1993.
Based on a report by V. Lunardini, CRREL, USA


text:
Principal Component Analysis
1. If the Elutriation dataset in the Experiments navigator is not already highlighted, click it.
2. Click the Principal Component Analysis toolbar icon, or select Principal Component Analysis from the PCA menu, or right-click the item and select Principal Component Analysis from the shortcut menu. The PCA parameters dialog is displayed.
3. You may choose to perform PCA calculation on either Genes or Samples. The typical use of PCA is to reduce the genes to a smaller number of 'variables' as in this tutorial. Ensure that Genes is selected. (In other applications, where the samples are being thought of as 'variables' or measurements for particular genes, you would select Samples).
4. Click OK. The Experiment Progress dialog is displayed.
The dialog is dynamically updated as the PCA calculation is performed. Upon successful completion, a PCA: genes item is added to the Experiments navigator under the original dataset.
If you have automatic visualizations enabled in your user preferences, a 3D Score Plot is displayed.


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Graph the Asymptote of a Tangent Function
An asymptote is a line that helps give direction to a graph of a trigonometry function. This line isn't part of the function's graph; rather, it helps determine the shape of the curve by showing where the curve tends toward being a straight line — somewhere out there. Asymptotes are usually indicated with dashed lines to distinguish them from the actual function.
The asymptotes for the graph of the tangent function are vertical lines that occur regularly, each of them π, or 180 degrees, apart. They separate each piece of the tangent curve, or each complete cycle from the next.
The equations of the tangent's asymptotes are all of the form
where n is an integer. Under that stipulation for n, the expression 2n + 1 always results in an odd number. By replacing n with various integers, you get lines such as
The reason that asymptotes always occur at these odd multiples of
is because those points are where the cosine function is equal to 0. As such, the domain of the tangent function includes all real numbers except the numbers that occur at these asymptotes.
The preceding figure shows what the asymptotes look like when graphed alone.
The first figure isn't all that exciting, but it does show how many times the tangent function repeats its pattern. Now take a look at the second preceding figure, which shows one cycle of the tangent function on a graph. The tangent values go infinitely high as the angle measure approaches 90 degrees. The values go infinitely low as the angle measure approaches –90 degrees.
In the third figure, there is more of the tangent on a graph, asymptotes included, to give you a better idea of what's going on.
As you can see, the tangent function repeats its values over and over. The main difference between this function and the sine and cosine functions is that the tangent has all these breaks between the cycles. As you move from left to right, the tangent appears to go up to positive infinity. It actually disappears at the top of the graph and then picks up again at the bottom, where the values come from negative infinity. Graphing calculators and other graphing utilities don't usually show the graph disappearing at the top, so it's up to you to know what's actually happening, even though the picture may not look exactly that way.
One of the peculiarities of graphing calculators is that they try to connect the tangent function to make it continuous across the screen. For this reason, you'll usually see some lines between the different parts of the curve. In a way, these lines are errors — they aren't the asymptotes, although you may be tempted to think they are. The only way to get rid of those extra lines is to turn your calculator to the dot mode (as opposed to the connected mode). Most calculators have ways to set the settings (or mode) for things such as degrees and radians, dotted graphs and connected graphs, floating decimals and fixed decimals, and so on. The changes are usually easy to do — just see your calculator's manual for specific instructions. The hard part is remembering what setting you're in.


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Only Print Helper offers unique Excel, Image and Report options
- Automatic step by step resizing system which enables the document fitted to a page,
- Choice of page order you would like printed.
- Like no other program, PrintHelper provides your with automatic resizing as well as rotation of images
- Detailed report printed, with your choice, after each file, folder and a final report at the end
- An option of using a different printer feeder with possible different color paper serving you as a fast and easy file/folder locator.
What does the Print Helper do?
- Prints any type of files (different extensions) automatically including subfolder
- Enables you to select and print files by name or extension
- Contains FTP client to download files through FTP for future printing
- *Incorporates Various Excel options, including automatic step by step resizing of your file and enabling the document to fit into a page
- Allows you to select desirable printing sequence when working with Excel files - down and over or over and down
- Automatically prints all available tabs in Excel file
- Automatically provides resizing of image files to fit into a page
- Detects landscape or portrait format and rotates the image accordingly
- Detailed report printed (based on selected option) after each file, folder, final report at the end
- The option of using different feeder with color paper serves you as a fast and easy means to locate your file.
Who are the Print Helper users?
- Printing companies that print large numbers of documents for their clients. PrintHelper is ideal to print text, Excel, and image files with convenient reporting options.
- Medical transcription industry users, such as doctor offices where
many PDF files are downloaded through FTP for future
- Anybody who prints Excel documents. PrintHelper automatically resizes and rotates documents.
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Supported File Types. Print Helper provides automated printing for the following file types:
Document and Text Formats
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ANY - Any files can be printed as a TXT format (SQL, BAT, LOG, PHP, INI, PAS, CPP, PL, LST,...)
- TIF - Image format
- TIFF - Image format
- JPG - Image format
- JPEG - Image format
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- BMP - Image format
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Operating System: Windows 98, NT, XP, ME, 2000.
For automatic printing of PDF files: Adobe Acrobat 6.0 (or 7.0)
For automatic printing of XLS files: Microsoft Excel (97 or above)
For automatic printing of DOC files: Microsoft Word (97 or above)
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No additional software is required to print other file types!


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Have you ever looked down at your pup's droppings and said to yourself "Wow, that's an odd color." Your pup's poop can come in a variety of colors, each with their own story to tell you. As a pup owner, studying your pup's poop is important to ensure that they remain healthy. So when you discover that your pup has pooped the color orange, you have to ask "what does it mean?"
Your pup's poop is naturally darker on the outside and light on the inside. A healthy pup's droppings will normally be a tan or brown color when they first unload. So if you notice that your pup has left a few orange droppings behind them, there are two possibilities to consider.
Is it something he ate?
Often times orange poop will be the outcome of certain things they ate. A change in diet or new treats can affect the tone of their droppings. Usually if the color shows up once and then disappears, it is likely that your pup's diet has changed, or perhaps even a neighbor has slipped them a treat.
If your pup's droppings are dark orange or continuously orange in color, this may be signs of intestinal problems. Some infections can cause internal bleeding, and though most times a pup's poop will be black or extreme brown when this happens, bleeding in the lower intestines can lead to fresh blood in the stool, giving it an orange color. Along with infections, parasites such as worms can also damage your pup's digestive track. If you suspect that this is a problem, take your pup to the vet immediately.
Remember to always keep track of your pup's poop, whether on walks, in the yard or in their litter box. Droppings come in all different sizes and consistencies, so those must also be factored into your analysis. You don't want to jump to conclusions, but it is always better to be safe than sorry.
So next time you take your pup out for their daily walk, stop and check out their droppings, (you should pick it up to be polite to your neighbor too) and make sure that your pup's health is in tip-top shape.


text: ||Admit it, you've been dying to know more about data throughput. Use this TCP/IP protocol monitor to see the exact throughput on both incoming and outgoing data--whether you're using a modem, a cable modem, digital subscriber line, or a local network. See how quickly data goes from your computer to another on the Internet, and discover how many other computers your data goes through to get there. You also get graphs of your system's CPU usage. This program is especially useful in identifying whether your computer or your Internet connection is causing a slowdown.


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When managing Group Policies, there are a couple features to consider. The first is Blocking Inheritance and the other is called Loopback Processing.
Blocking Inheritance: It's exactly as it sounds. It prevents Group Policy Objects (GPOs) that are linked to higher domains, sites, or organization units (OUs) from being automatically inherited.
Now you may ask, when and why would I need to use this? Well, simple enough, what if you don't want the Finance OU, or IT OU to apply to the domain level. At this point, each department has its own configuration that does not need domain level GPOs as it is unnecessary for their use or conflict with specific configuration made exclusively for them.
One thing to keep in mind the 'Enforced' setting. What Enforced does is that it protects the GPOs and its settings from being overridden by a later GPO. It also overrides the Block Inheritance setting.
Loopback Processing: Loopback processing comes in two flavors, Merge and Replace. Going back to the basics, Group Policy affects user and computer accordingly. Let's separate both those into the standard computer OU and user OU. Applying Loopback processing enables the GPO to use an override system in customizing logins to different systems used by different users. When would I need Loopback processing? For example, if you wanted to deploy a training computer or kiosk with a set configuration that will be the same among all users who log in. Instead of applying personal user settings under a specific OU, it will apply its own user settings generated for that specific computer or computers in a given OU. What's the difference in Merge and Replace?
Replace Mode: Replace mode will replace the user configuration with the generic one created for that computer OU. Basically, when Bob and Tom log in to the training computer, they won't get their mapped drives or icons that are specific to them in their OU. They will get the same generic one solely to be used on that training computer.
Merge Mode: In this mode, both the generic and personal user configuration will merge together. If there are conflicts like two policies providing different values for the same configuration setting, then the generic configuration will have the overriding priority over the other.


Overview | Moving Average | Exponential Smoothing | Sales Profile | VRS
The fancy name for a moving average is called ARIMA, or auto-regressive integrated moving average. In statistics, any time you use history to forecast the future, it is called "auto-regressive". A typical method used by JDA allocation, a moving average is a basic forecasting method that uses a user-defined time period, or a rolling time period of history, averages the values together, and uses it to estimate the future. The equation is simple:
Example: Say we have 3 sales periods, 100, 120, and 230. The average would be these three values divided by 3, or 150. Now let's say the next period sales is 40. A moving average will take the last three periods, or 120, 230, and 40, or 130.
If sales are relatively flat from period to period, without any seasonal trend then a moving average is a good bet. In retail apparel this is not a particularly helpful method unless the time period you average is from a year ago for the same time period you're trying to forecast. In statistics, this is called the ARIMA model. The moving average also is challenged by trend effects, especially if the time period being used for the average is from a year ago.
We'll create a retailer with February as their first fiscal month. Let's try to forecast our retailer's February sales of the new fiscal year for 2016 using a moving average. Say we have the following sales by month for 2014 and 2015. One way we can forecast is to take a rolling average (non-seasonal). The other is to take an average of the same time period from both years (seasonal).
Here are the monthly sales (click to enlarge). We will be using a standard 4-5-4 NRF calendar.
The seasonal moving average, means we take the sales from February 2014 and February 2015 and average them together to predict 2016, or (379,762 + 373,141) / 2 = 376,452.
To obtain a regular moving average let's take the last three months. But first we'll need to convert the monthly sales into average weekly sales so we can compare months which have different numbers of weeks. Click to enlarge.
So, if we take November 2015, December 2015, and January 2015, average them together we get (162,319 + 156,690 + 64,895) / 3 = 127,968. Now we convert it back to monthly figure by multiplying this value times 4 since February is a 4 week month and we get 127,968 X 4 = 511,872. With just a minimal amount of analysis we can see this forecast is going to be unreasonable. Non-Seasonal moving averages on seasonal data is generally not a good idea and now you can see why.
The actual sales for February 2016 is 326,181 as shown in this bar chart.
Part I: Moving Averages
Part II: Exponential Smoothing
Part III: Sales Profiles
Part IV: Variable Response Smoothing


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Gamgee.
- Any dialectical difference is completely removed. Sam talks the same English as the other Hobbits.
- In the two episodes of "The Adventures of Tom Bombadil", Jonathan Adams' portrayal of Sam Gamgee is close to over-the-top rustic. He speaks in a grumbling, low voice.
- Considerable attention was paid to the dialects characters speak with and cast members trained extensively with dialogue coaches. Hobbits in the films speak with basically an English Midlands accent, because Tolkien said that the Shire was based largely on his boyhood home in the Midlands. Of the main Hobbit characters:
- Sam Gamgee speaks with the working-class rustic Midlands accent which was used as the standard for all the other minor Hobbit characters.
- Bilbo and Frodo Baggins, because they are both book-educated, speak with a slightly more refined and less pronounced accent.
- The actor who played Pippin, Billy Boyd, is Scottish, and originally he was supposed to speak like the others, but eventually it was decided that it was adversely affecting his comic timing. The production team then invented the justification that the Took region of the Shire is described as very hilly, so much so that when Saruman's ruffians take over the rest of the Shire they are successfully repulsed from Took-land due to its rough terrain, and thus is it loosely analogous to Scotland. Thus, it was decided that Tooks should speak with a Scottish accent as well, and Boyd was allowed to use his normal Scottish accent when portraying Pippin for the entire trilogy of films.
- Meriadoc Brandybuck is described as being the linguistic "oddball" of the group: he was not from any of the four farthings of the Shire, but a Brandybuck from Buckland, and thus is from a region apart. To reflect this, his accent is noticeably distinct from the other Hobbits seen on-screen, something of an invention between actor Dominic Monaghan and the dialect coaches, to reflect his unique origin.


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Shaul Stampfer (1948–) is a researcher of East European Jewry specializing in Lithuanian yeshivas, and Jewish demography, migration and education.
Shaul Stampfer, born in Atlanta, Georgia, graduated from Lincoln High School in 1965, received his BA from the Yeshiva University in 1970 and his Ph.D. from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in 1982. Prof. Stampfer currently resides in the Ramot neighborhood of Jerusalem.
In _PHONE_ Stampfer was a head of the Institute for Jewish Studies in Moscow and helped to establish the city's Jewish University. Stampfer is currently a professor of Soviet and East European Jewry at the Hebrew University. His book on Lithuanian yeshivas (published in Hebrew in 2005) has been translated into English and is scheduled for publication by the Littman Library of Jewish Civilization.
- "The Pushke and Its Development," Cathedra 21 (Oct. 1981): 89–102 (in Hebrew).
- "The 1764 census of Polish Jewry," Bar-Ilan 24–25 (1989): 41–147.
- "The Geographical Beckground of East European Jewish Migration to the United States before World War I," in Ira A. Glazier and Luigi De Rosa (eds.), Migration across Time and Nations: Population Mobility in Historical Contexts (New York & London, 1986), pp. 220–230.
- "Literacy Among East European Jewry in the Modern Period: Context, Background and Implications" in: S. Almog (ed.), Transition and Change in Modern Jewish History: Essays Presented in Honor of Shmuel Ettinger (Jerusalem, 1987), pp. 63–87 (in Hebrew).
- "The Social Implications of Very Early Marriage in Eastern Europe in the Nineteenth Century," in Ezra Mendelsohn and Chone Shmeruk (eds.), Studies on Polish Jewry: Paul Glikson Memorial Volume(Jerusalem 1987), pp. 65–77 (in Hebrew).
- "Heder Study, Knowledge of Torah, and the Maintenance of Social Stratification in Traditional East European Jewish Society," Studies in Jewish Education 3(1988): 271–289.
- "Remarriage Among Jews and Christians in Nineteenth-Century Eastern Europe," Jewish History 3,2(1988): 85–114.
- "L'amour et la famille chez les Juifs d'Europe orientale a l'epoque moderne," in Shmuel Trigano (ed.), La Societe Juive A Travers L'histoire, vol. 2 (Paris 1992), pp. 435–468.
- "Gender Differentiation and Education of the Jewish Woman in Nineteenth-Century Eastern Europe", Polin 7 (1992): 459–483.
- "Patterns of Internal Jewish Migration in the Russian Empire," in Yaacov Ro'i (ed.), Jews and Jewish Life in Russia and the Soviet Union (Ilford, 1995), pp. 28–47.
- "Dormitory and Yeshiva in Eastern Europe," in Religious Dormitory Education in Israel (Jerusalem 1997), pp. 15–28 (in Hebrew).
- "Hungarian Yeshivot, Lithuanian Yeshivot and Josef Ben David," Jewish History 11,1(1997): 131–141.
- "The 1764 Census of Lithuanian Jewry and What It Can Teach Us," Papers in Jewish Demography 1993 (Jerusalem 1997) pp. 91–121.
- "Aspects of Population Growth and Migration in Polish-Lithuanian Jewry in the Modern Period," in The Broken Chain / Polish Jewry Through the Ages (Jerusalem 1997) (in Hebrew).
- "Jewish Population Patterns in Pre-Partition Lithuania and Some of Their Implications," Scripta Hierosolymitana 38(1998)/ Studies in the History of the Jews in Old Poland in honor of Jacob Goldberg, pp. 189–223.
- "What Happened to the Extended Jewish Family? Jewish Homes for the Aged in Eastern Europe," Studies in Contemporary Jewry XIV (1998): 128–142.
- "Hasidic Yeshivot in Inter-War Poland", Polin 11(1998): 3–24.
- "What actually happened to the Jews of Ukraine in 1648?" Jewish History 17,2 (2003): 207–227.
- "Did the Khazars Convert to Judaism?" Jewish Social Studies 19,3 (2013): 1–72.


Green printed some thinking and suggestions
Views:2 Author:Site Editor Publish Time: 2016-02-25 Origin:Site
First, environmental protection is a major event in the world today, it is one of the highest human value orientation; one of the most significant green policy orientation of China's Five-Year Plan and thirteenth five-year plan, regarded printing; printing enterprises should correctly understanding, firmly support positive action.
Second, Beijing is the capital of the motherland Shanghai Guanghua, environmental requirements should be higher, the pace should be faster; as Beijing printing companies and industry organizations, should have a correct understanding and adequate psychological preparation, and actively cooperate, pay into action.
Third, I believe that should be the essence of environmental action - transformation of enterprises, clean production, pollution rather than move to a developing field, so that the pollution are quantified. This should be an important principle, especially the Government of Beijing, Tianjin and printing associations should be followed when printing industry, integrated and coordinated layout.
Fourth, as the Beijing government and local departments of environmental protection, pollution control should be made clear object detection content, according to national standards and uniform requirements temper justice degree at the same geographical area. Under the guidance of these principles, the scientific classification of other facts to judge the printing industry data on the environmental impact of dairy packaging, and to make provision prohibited or restricted. A few years ago, the factory under the Beijing environmental protection departments and the Beijing Association for Indian joint sampling measurement, is a very practical approach (if needed should also continue to operate). According to the different printing methods measured data of the environmental impact, not across the board, packaging and decoration were evaluated, respectively disposal.
Fifth, be considered service radius of the printing industry, the convenience of customers, the overall layout of the city layout and printing services. I recommend printing associations and government departments, binding and printing to maximize the environmental needs of customers and society as a whole efficiency of resource use, meticulous and thoughtful design of future idealized classification type printing metal packaging layout, and so now the stock thrust reversers printing free disposal program. For example, in Beijing, for example, we recommended that the district not to release the restrictive policies on their own printing business, and the strain is the city's unified study layout. For example, whether a company must also be digital printing packaging Subjects environmental assessment, whether by their own understanding of the needs of the market without geographical restrictions will be distribution. Offset printing companies are depending on the pollution degree and effect, can be in different geographical distribution, or must always thoroughly before retention after the treatment? Gravure enterprise is only by the use of solvent-based inks and water-based inks which an indicator to determine the distribution area? If the majority of the relocation of printing, print customer transportation to the city due to traffic congestion / pollution and printing network layout pros and cons of the nearest transport between how should we balance? only now consider a good solution for the above problem, now some printing companies to do their own condemnation "China printing industry annual report", targeted to take appropriate measures.
The author believes that printing companies in situ changes like better than to move, can also be a combination of both. Centralized factories conscious when moved to build a common layout shared environmental facilities, can achieve savings.
Sixth, Beijing, Shanghai, Anhui and other places the government has supported the publication is printed on green policy, hope to continue to support. State green printing has been larger and put DTP, recommends that national governments actively seek to share, and whatever be its own funds to further support.
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Fiction Addiction: Q&A with Paula Morris
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Paula Morris looked closer to home for the subject matter of her new novel, Rangatira. Photo / Supplied
Expat New Zealand writer Paula Morris has travelled the word in her novels, from the cemeteries of New Orleans to the haunted city of York and the New York PR scene (as well as the streets of Auckland), but the inspiration from her latest release, Rangatira, came from closer to home. It was in her blood.
Rangatira fictionalises a 19th century journey taken by Ngati Wai chief Paratene Te Manu, Morris's great-great-great uncle (if I'm deciphering her family tree correctly).
The novel opens with Paratene posing for the artist Gottfried Lindauer in Auckland in 1886, and thinking back to an extraordinary voyage he made 20 years earlier, to Victorian England. (The painting is now in storage at Auckland Art Gallery but, as you'll see below, Morris took novelist's liberties with the story of its creation.)
We asked Morris about where the facts peter off and the imagination begins, the pressure to do justice to Paratene's story and what's at the top of her Christmas book wishlist.
Q: When did you first become aware of the story of Paratene Te Manu, and why did you decide to write about it?
A: When I was researching my second novel, Hibiscus Coast, back in 2002, I came across James Cowan's book Pictures of Old New Zealand. I saw the Lindauer portrait of Paratene for the first time and read the transcript of Paratene's own account of his life, where he talks about his various taua (war parties) and battles as a young man, and about the trip to England in 1863. I also discovered that he was one of the last owners/inhabitants of Little Barrier, along with my great-great grandparents, Rahui Te Kiri and Tenetahi. There was so much dramatic possibility in this story: I knew it wouldn't leave me alone.
Q: Tell us about the process of researching and writing Rangatira - how long did it take and where did it lead you?
A: I wrote a short story first, in 2003 when I was a student at the Iowa Writers' Workshop, and didn't do much research for this. (I am much lazier than people realise!) But after the story was published in a few different places the following year, I was nudged into re-thinking it as a novel. Everything blurs for me because I also seem to be working on 10 things at once, and moving to different places, and scrambling to earn a living. But I think research for the novel began in earnest in 2005. I spent a lot of time over five years in libraries and archives in New Zealand and the UK, and I also visited a lot of the places Paratene would have seen or known - Marlborough House in London, Birmingham Town Hall, Osborne House on the Isle of Wight, the sandspit at Ngunguru. Many people helped along the way.
Q: What effect has this journey of discovery had on you, as a relative of Paratene?
A: It's always interesting, trying to look at things from someone else's point of view, to make the imaginative leap. With a relative, perhaps you think more about resonances with your own life and character. When I think about the restlessness of Paratene's life, which was not untypical of Maori of his era, especially coastal iwi -all the moving from place to place at different times of year, or for protection, or warfare, or adventure, or commerce - I guess there are parallels of sorts in my own life. Paratene thought of several different places as home, and moved constantly between them. His decision to go to England was incredibly rash and eleventh-hour.
Q: Did your personal connection to the story make it easier to write, or harder? Did you feel an extra responsibility to do Paratene's story justice?
A: I'm not sure. For a long time the book was hard to write, but that was because I was unsure about the scope. Deciding to focus everything around the trip to England was key. It also meant I didn't have to research the entire nineteenth century!
The issue of responsibility is an interesting one. With any'real-life' story there are issues of representation to consider, and I didn't want to invent a Paratene Te Manu who bore little resemblance to the historical record. I read whatever I could of his voice - the oral history, some letters, newspaper reports, court testimony - over and over, obsessively, to build a fictional character from the pieces of the real man that remain, and to try to understand what was important to him, what he cared about.
But the responsibilities of a family member, a biographer, and a novelist are not the same. A novelist's chief responsibility is to the reader, I think. We're not restricted to (or by) facts, and our way of honouring an ancestor is unlikely to be a straightahead eulogy. We're looking for complexity, conflict, story. This is one of the reasons I decided to focus on the English trip, where there is a lot of source material, including an amazing detailed account by Paratene of the voyage over. There was plenty of story there, plus a lot of historical record - and photographs.
Q: What were your starting points for creating the character of Paratene, and at what point did artistic licence kick in?
A: Reading letters by him (and by others that mention him) was very useful, but it's like finding 50 pieces of a 500-piece jigsaw puzzle. You have a start, but there's a lot to make up! Artistic licence began the moment I read the oral history in 2002. I started imagining the possibilities, the omissions, the bigger picture, the reasons. Researching a novel based in family history is detective work for a case that can never be solved. You have to imagine a lot of the twists and turns.
Q: What are the main departures from fact in the book, and why did you decide to write them in this way?
A: The book imagines a meeting between Lindauer and Paratene, with them spending long hours together in a temporary studio in Auckland in 1886. Their conversations punctuate Paratene's story of the English trip, so I needed them to have substantial amounts of time together. It's unlikely that they ever met in real life; Lindauer probably painted from a photograph. But I liked the idea of them talking about England, because Lindauer went there himself in 1886. And they had in common the experience of being in a foreign country, unable to speak the language - Paratene in England, and Lindauer when he first arrived in New Zealand.
In the novel, Paratene and Horomona Te Atua have two invented excursions together that I couldn't resist: one to the Alhambra Theatre in Leicester Square, Victorian London's most notorious music hall, and one to the London studio of the painter James Smetham. The story demanded these scenes, just as it demanded that the two actual appearances in Birmingham Town Hall be conflated into one, for example.
Q: Describe the experience of seeing the Lindauer portrait of Paratene up close for the first time.
A: Brilliant. Very moving and exciting. I would love to see it again, hanging on the wall of the Auckland Art Gallery. I would fly home just to see it. I would visit it every single day.
Q: Favourite book, ever?
A: This is the hardest question of all. The first title to enter my head is Lucky Jim by Kingsley Amis, so I'll go with that.
Q: What book is at the top of your Christmas wish-list?
A: Don De Lillo's story collection, The Angel Esmeralda.
- Herald online
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Drivers who turn on their high-beam headlights during heavy snowfall quickly learn what the term "blinding snowstorm" really means. Light bounces off the flakes and returns to the driver's eye, ruining forward vision. Now, however, researchers at Carnegie Mellon University's (CMU) Robotics Institute believe they've found a solution to that problem. By combining projector-type headlights with camera-based sensors, they believe they can direct light between snowflakes or raindrops, reducing the reflection that temporarily blinds the driver.
"We can illuminate the space around the particles," Srinivasa Narasimhan, associate professor of robotics at CMU, told us. "And we can do it because we now have a way to control light over space and time."
Carnegie Mellon University created a smart headlight system that directs light between rain drops or snowflakes.
CMU's development relies on automakers to go beyond traditional headlights, to light sources such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs), liquid crystal displays (LCDs), or Digital Light Processing (DLP). By combining one of those light sources with camera-based sensors and a microprocessor, CMU researchers have proven that they can locate the offending droplets and turn off the light pixels that would otherwise scatter off them.
"For a long time, the automotive headlight has been a bulb with mirrors and lenses to process the beam," Narasimhan said. "Here, we want to use a light projector instead of a bulb. That way, we have a million pixels that we can control."
The heart of the system is the powerful software developed at CMU, which recognizes the speeding precipitation droplet and turns off the correct pixel in response to it. The software -- along with the light source, sensor, and an Intel quad core i7 processor -- form an embedded system that that reads the sensor signal and orchestrates the on/off reaction at each pixel.
The key to the system's ability to do that is the co-location of the light projector and the camera. CMU employs a splitter to send out a beam of light and pick up the reflected light from the same pixel. It does all this -- captures the image, processes the data, and projects the light -- in a scant 13ms. Ultimately, the researchers want to reduce that time to about 2ms to 3 ms, which they said would enable the system to work in a raging thunderstorm on a car driving 60 mph. To bring the time down, they plan to incorporate the light source, sensor, and processor chip in a single embedded system. "What we need is tight integration between the LCD, camera, and embedded computer," Narasimhan said. "With everything tightly coupled, we can bring the time down by eight milliseconds."


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Google thinks it has made a breakthrough in "computer vision."
Imagine stumbling upon a picture of a beautiful site in Europe filled with ancient ruins, one you didn't recognize at first glance while searching for vacation destinations online. Google has developed a way to let a person provide Google with the URL for that image and search a database of over 40 million geotagged photos to match that image to verified landmarks, giving you a destination for that next trip.
The project is still very much in the research stage, said Jay Yagnik, Google's head of computer vision research. The company plans to present a paper Monday at the Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Conference in Miami detailing its work in proving that large, scattered sets of data can be used to make accurate assessments of individual images.
"This is a fundamental advancement in how we look at computer vision," Yagnik said.
To create the "landmark recognition engine," Google took advantage of the 40 million or so images in Picasa and Panoromio that were geotagged with the locations of famous landmarks, like the Eiffel Tower. It also assembled images from travel guide sites such as Wikitravel as a base of landmark photos that had been verified by experts.
With all that data as a backdrop, researchers figured out a way to find the most representative pictures of a landmark using a clustering technique to group images taken from similar perspectives, as well as toss out "noisy" images such as a picture of your family on the street in front of the Eiffel Tower that doesn't really show the landmark.
Then, when given a fresh image to analyze, the system uses pixel-matching techniques to find small patterns within that image and look for similar patterns within verified photos of landmarks. Google said it has been able to return an accurate result 80 percent of the time, not only naming the landmark but allowing it to supply additional information about the place.
Google is by no means certain when, or if, this research will turn into a product. It is excited, however, that it has found a way to use computers to process large sets of data available on the Internet and return accurate information about images; doing this with text, of course, is what has made Google Google.


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This Forest LifeWood Bug Study lesson plan also includes:
Examine wood bugs and their habitat. Learners gather wood bugs and examine their bodies. Then discuss their body parts and how they help them survive. They also predict where they think wood bugs live to then graph the class results.
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Quick Answer: What Is A Bearer?
What is a bearer in LTE?
In a mobile network using the Long Term Evolution (LTE) architecture, bearers are the tunnels used to connect the user equipment to Packet Data Networks (PDNs) such as the Internet.
In practice, bearers are concatenated tunnels that connect the user equipment to the PDN through the Packet Data Network Gateway (P-GW)..
How do bearer shares work?
A bearer share is equity security wholly owned by the person or entity that holds the physical stock certificate, thus the name "bearer" share. … Because the share is not registered to any authority, transferring the ownership of the stock involves only delivering the physical document.
What Cannot be a bearer instrument?
The issuer will not remind the bearer of coupon payments. Bearer instruments are used especially by investors and corporate officers who wish to retain anonymity, however, they are banned in some countries due to their potential use for abuse, such as tax evasion, illegal movement of funds, and money laundering.
What is a bearer document?
A bearer instrument is a document that entitles the holder of the document rights of ownership or title to the underlying property, such as shares or bonds. … Whoever physically holds the bearer document is assumed to be the owner of the property, and the rights arising therefrom, such as dividends.
What is APN bearer?
The Bearer setting allows you to restrict the current APN configuration to only be available when specific communication protocols are in use. … It allows you, for example, to use one APN configuration to be selected when LTE is in use, and another APN configuration to be selected if eHRPD or EvDO is in use.
What is bearer bill?
bearer bill in British English (ˈbɛərə bɪl) banking. a bill payable to the person in possession.
What is the best APN?
Which APN type is best?
Change authentication type to None.APN type should be default,xcap. … APN protocol & APN roaming protocol should be IPv4.Bearer should be set to LTE only and nothing else.MVNO type should be SPN.MVNO value should be Jio 4G. … Tap on save, restart your device and once it's done.More items…
What is the meaning of office bearers?
noun. a person who holds an office, as in a society, company, club, etc; official.
Is accountable to meaning?
Accountable means obligated to explain, justify, and take responsibility for one's actions, and to answer to someone, such as a person with more authority. The state of being accountable is accountability. The word accountable is often used in the context of individuals taking responsibility for their actions.
What is APN and how it works?
An Access Point Name (APN) is the name of a gateway between a GSM, GPRS, 3G or 4G mobile network and another computer network, frequently the public Internet. … More specifically, the APN identifies the packet data network (PDN) that a mobile data user wants to communicate with.
What is a bearer in telecommunication?
In telecommunications, Bearer Service or data service is a service that allows transmission of information signals between network interfaces. These services give the subscriber the capacity required to transmit appropriate signals between certain access points, i.e. user network interfaces.
What means capacity?
noun, plural ca·pac·i·ties. the maximum amount or number that can be received or contained; cubic contents; volume: The inn is filled to capacity. The gasoline tank has a capacity of 20 gallons. power of receiving impressions, knowledge, etc.; mental ability: the capacity to learn calculus.
What does designation mean?
noun. an act of designating. the fact of being designated. something that designates; a distinctive name or title; appellation. nomination, appointment, or election to an office, position, etc.: His designation as treasurer has been confirmed.


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The variety of habitats in our state gives Missouri an amazing diversity of plants and animals. While we may enjoy going outside and experiencing nature through fishing, birdwatching, hunting, hiking, and other activities, nature provides benefits far beyond recreation.
Individual species and their habitats interact and function together as one system (ecosystem). Healthy ecosystems provide us with important environmental services we all depend on. The services include:
- Clean air and water
- Flood protection
- Pollination and food production
- Carbon storage
- Building materials
- Stress relief
Nature does all this — and more — for free! When ecosystems (habitats and the species within them) are healthy, we benefit. Healthy ecosystems support a large variety of species, which is called biodiversity.
Every living thing in an ecosystem plays an important role.
- Tree roots absorb water, prevent erosion, and filter pollutants.
- The leaves of plants remove pollutants from the air, create oxygen, and convert sunlight into sugars (the basis of all food).
- Bees, butterflies, and other insects, as well as birds and bats, pollinate our food and other plants.
- Fungi, beetles, and bacteria break down dead leaves and dead trees into soil.
- Worms and moles aerate soil.
- Snakes and owls eat rats and mice.
- Vultures, opossums, and other scavengers keep our environment clean by eating dead animals, which keeps diseases from spreading and aids in limiting fly reproduction.
And the list goes on. Many Missouri species need large areas of healthy, connected habitat to survive and maintain a genetically strong population. Thus, development and habitat loss are among the greatest pressures faced by individual animals and their populations at large.
But we can stop or reduce species declines by taking action now. Acting now is not only sensible but more cost efficient than taking emergency actions after a species is in trouble.
That's why MDC is taking proactive measures to protect and improve habitats throughout our state. With the help of our partners and private landowners, we can contribute to the long-term welfare of both people and wildlife by ensuring that Missouri has healthy, functioning ecosystems for ages to come.
Full details about MDC's work and focus on habitats and species around the state can be found in the State Wildlife Action Plan and the Terrestrial Natural Communities of Missouri page below.


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Benefits to Governments
Smart Career Development Program (SCDP) is a world-class, large-scale(Mass), comprehensive, customizable, cost-effective education programs (IT and non-IT). It builds the workforce skills with the aim of developing their careers. The program is always directed towards jobs required in the labor market.
No, SCDP aims to leverage the talent pool in the country by providing customized training programs that are suitable in training duration and topics to cover:
1. Computer Literacy:
8 - 12 weeks training curricula
Mostly targeting under graduates and government employees
2. Professional Training:
4 - 6 months training curricula
Mostly targeting university graduates
3. Vocational/User Training:
3 - 4 month training curricula with Hands-On workshops.
Mostly targeting students who didn't attain High School or university certificate.
Medrar has various capabilities and modes of delivery of SCDP training programs to suit each client:
Contact our PROGRAM MANAGER


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Petrichor: The smell after rainfall
white blood cell
any of various nearly colorless cells of the immune system that circulate mainly in the blood and lymph and participate in reactions to invading microorganisms or foreign particles, comprising the B cells, T cells, macrophages, monocytes, and granulocytes.
Also called leukocyte, white blood corpuscle, white corpuscle, white cell.
Origin of white blood cell
1885-90 Unabridged
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Examples from the Web for white blood cells
Contemporary Examples
Historical Examples
British Dictionary definitions for white blood cells
white blood cell
a nontechnical name for leucocyte
Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition
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white blood cells in Medicine
white blood cell n.
Abbr. WBC
Any of the colorless or white cells in the blood that have a nucleus and cytoplasm and help protect the body from infection and disease through specialized neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes. Also called leukocyte, white corpuscle.
The American Heritage® Stedman's Medical Dictionary
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white blood cells in Science
white blood cell
Any of various white or colorless cells in the blood of vertebrate animals, many of which participate in the inflammatory and immune responses to protect the body against infection and to repair injuries to tissues. White blood cells are formed mainly in the bone marrow, and unlike red blood cells, have a cell nucleus. The major types of white blood cells are granulocytes, lymphocytes, and monocytes. White blood cells are far less numerous in the blood than red blood cells, but their amount usually increases in response to infection and can be monitored as part of a clinical assessment. Also called leukocyte.
The American Heritage® Science Dictionary
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white blood cells in Culture
white blood cells definition
Colorless cells in the blood that help combat infection. Some white blood cells act as scavengers by engulfing foreign particles (such as bacteria) and destroying them. Others produce antibodies or destroy dead cells. (See AIDS.)
The American Heritage® New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Third Edition
Copyright © 2005 by Houghton Mifflin Company.
Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
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Difficulty index for white blood cell
Few English speakers likely know this word
Word Value for white
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There are a few assumptions to make here before answering, most of which fall under the lines of 'define cow'.
If you are going for buffalo:
- A cavalry charge (in knight terms) was at its most destructive from sheer momentum. Ya, the mounted rider can help with the invent of the lance, but the ability to break a defensive line has more to do with the weight of a horse being thrown at the weight of a man (hence pikes being an effective defence). In terms of sheer weight, a stampeding buffalo is significantly heavier and would have considerable more breaking power when hitting a defensive line.
- Powerhouse head. A horse's head is somewhat small and leaves horse's chest open while it gallops forward. A charging bison looks like a giant armored skull designed for headbutting coming at you and leaves little for weak spots.
- Buffalo are big-ass creatures and can take surprisingly large amount of damage before being brought down.
- They are significantly more brutal creatures than horses and would easily gore and toss around a human soldier like he's nothing. While a horse doesn't do as much post charge, a buffalo can gore and toss around people like they are paper dolls.
- I would think a charging buffalo wouldn't think twice about going head-on with a horse while a horse would either need some pretty specific training or risk spooking instead. This was an effect of the elephant as well, elephants were particularly nasty when ran at horses.
Downsides are more in maintainability:
- Buffalo aren't an easy ride and require some pretty specific animal handling to control. Long treks on buffalo back don't seem feasible.
- Larger and lazier than horses. Bigger creatures tire quicker and don't have the same stamina horses ultimately possess.
- Food consumption. A herd of buffalo requires a significant land mass to feed.
- Larger target. Arrows (and bullets) are more effective against these giants as they are easier to hit from sheer size.
- Less sure on this, but in comparing them to Elephants, I would think the possibility of bison/buffalo'spooking' and rampaging over their own troops is a possibility. Romans developed the tactic of covering pigs in oils, lighting them on fire, and sending the squealing herd into elephants. This would panic the elephants and cause them to rampage. As dangerous as these large 'beasts of war' are to the enemy on the battlefield, they also posed some degree of risk to friendly troops as well.
- Bison/buffalo are ultimately wild creatures. Horses have been domesticated for thousands of years and, like dogs, a relationship with humans is at the core of their spirit. This simply isn't true with Bison. You may be able to get around this point with your setup had this nomadic culture began forming bonds between Bison/rider in the same way a horse/rider does, but odds are, the Bison are going to retain some 'wild' qualities making handling of them far more difficult.
Ultimately, my answer is "yes, more than feasible". They come with specific advantages and disadvantages, but so did elephants and they saw their use. If you have access to them and can handle them, why not?
If this question is only about cows... I hate to say it, but human involvement has selectively bred cows to be eating machines. The majority of their internal make-up is focused on digestion and we have focused evolutionary pressures on these creatures to be the best eaters they can be, not much else. Unless cud can somehow be weaponized (or perhaps using the tremendous amount of methane that these creatures emit). They are also lacking in the endurance domain (once again, they are bred to eat not run).
I really hope you're not referring to dairy cows - that would seem udder nonsense.
On more add...
Unlike the previous 'unicorn charge' question, it's debatable if a horse's head and neck are really capable of withstanding the impact of their own charge. Buffalo, on the other hand, can fully use their horns for charging and goring as their physical make-up is designed to support themselves during these impacts. If you want to see nasty youtube footage, deaths from yellowstone bison annually is a measurable number and I remember at least one bison video where it charges a car and the car pretty obviously loses.
I guess if you lose the battle, you've unintentionally provided the opposing army with a great deal of food reserves ^^ Opposing generals can rally their troops with 'Tonight, we eat steak!'
Buffalo vs car


text: The Paris Agreement establishes an "enhanced transparency framework" to build mutual trust and confidence and to promote effective implementation. This framework combines common reporting and review requirements for all parties with "built-in flexibility" for developing countries. The agreement requires that parties, in elaborating the operational details of the transparency framework, build on experience with existing transparency arrangements under the U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Over the past year, developed and developing countries have shared their experiences with the existing transparency system in a variety of public forums. This brief highlights key lessons learned that can help inform the design of the Paris transparency framework.


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Cholesterol levels may change with seasonal fluctuations
March 9, 2013
According to a study by the State University of Campinas (Brazil), "Cholesterol levels may change with seasonal fluctuations causing an increased risk in the winter months, as evidenced by the investigation."
The study was presented at the Annual Cinetífica LXII Session of the American College of Cardiology, and demonstrates that "the prevalence of cholesterol is regulated by a similar pattern that heart attacks and deaths related to them, they also increase in the winter".
According to Dr. Filipe Moura Brazilian university center and lead author of the study, "cholesterol and triglyceride levels vary significantly during the year, which may lead to misinterpretation of the actual cardiovascular risk of a person. Therefore, some patients may be at greater risk than they realize."
"I do not mean they should undergo medical checks continuously, even if monitoring is required by the doctors."
To get there, researchers prospectively evaluated the lipid profile of 227,359 people.
And it was found that "low-density lipoprotein or bad cholesterol increased by an average of seven milligrams during the winter compared to the summer", and scientists say that "this figure translates into an increase of eight percent in the prevalence of cholesterol during these months. "
Moura explains: "These fluctuations may be even more pronounced in the United States, Europe or other regions experiencing more extreme weather changes between winter and summer." To this also affect "the exercise and dietary habits."


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A new study shows bugs, even those that feed on crops, might not always be a bad thing for farmers. It's possible some could ultimately do more good than harm to the plants they feed on, by helping them pull through hardships like this year's drought. Biologist Richard Musser at Wester Illinois University found the saliva of horn worms can turn on frost and drought resistant genes in plants:
"If we could figure out what is really involved in protecting plants from those drought respon...you know, turn on those drought responses earlier that plant might be able to deal with less water."
Musser's findings are being published in the Journal of Chemical Ecology this month. His latest study is a follow up to an earlier discovery that some plants, including tomatoes, will actually call for help when attacked by herbivores such as caterpillars. The S-O-S attracts insect predators that eat the caterpillars. Musser calles the phenomenon "screaming tomato plants."
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When it comes to workplace problems related to people or people behaviours, perspective is the complicator that tends to be missed in change endeavours. Perspective or perception, involves the lens we look out from, our worldview that informs our sense of reality. Perspective is informed by our knowledge, nature, experiences, and beliefs. All of these factors have the potential to shift or influence perspective, our sense of reality, and that of our employees.
Let's have a closer look at the role of knowledge. Have you ever heard of the saying 'knowledge is power?' Power is defined as the ability or capacity to do something or act in a particular way. A close cousin of power is empowerment, a widely applied concept in the area of change and development capturing the essence of changing states from powerless to powerful, authority or power given to someone to do something/the process of becoming stronger and more confident, especially in controlling one's life and claiming one's rights.
Empowerment through knowledge isn't just about building 'expertise' but understanding the why. When it comes to change resistance and negative conflict, identifying why people behave in certain ways enables us to explore meaning and meaning, is what informs our beliefs. Beliefs are at the core of people conflict, they guide our sense of truth. Complicated? Yes and no! Perspectives are complicated and this is the reason why endeavours to create change in the workplace often come up short. The good news is that if we break it down, we can understand the drivers of people's reality, and herein lies the ability to create sustainable solutions.
We can use knowledge to influence/change beliefs which then, in turn, changes behaviour. Power also involves the capacity or ability to direct or influence the behaviour of others or the course of events. By empowering leadership to understand why people behave in the way they do, we then can improve their capacity to direct or influence the behaviour of their people.
Fear in the workplace is the number 1 performance culture disabler and we, the leaders and culture change makers, need to have the knowledge about what drives this emotion in our people (and ourselves!).
Fear is governed by our sense of reality (there is that perception again) but the problem with it is that it also significantly compromises our cognitive function, resulting in beliefs and behaviours that are not engaging the neocortex (the thinking brain). The 'implementation' gap when it comes to addressing behaviours in the workplace, from change resistance and conflict to bullying and harassment, is that we don't tend to consider how people's mental states might be influenced or even compromised. So in a sense, we are very one dimensional in what we expect of professional conduct, what is right and what is wrong. Now evidently setting standards and clear distinction around conduct in the workplace is essential. However, when it comes to addressing workplace people problems where we are not meeting the standard, we need to really understand the underlying complexities. Setting up leaders for success means giving them the knowledge and skills to understand people complexities, how to address engagement barriers, and empower.
For those interested to learn more about the complexities of fear and cognitive responses, this video provides a simple introduction to the neuroscience behind fear in the workplace.
2018 Growth Development. All Rights Reserved | Design by Annex Group


What is the minimum size of an object that can be observed from Earth with our most powerful telescope?
I understand that the answer depends on how far the object is from Earth. For the sake of discussions let us consider distances less the orbit of Neptune.
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 $\begingroup$ About 10 cm in diameter at Low Earth Orbit. Capability for anything less is classified. $\endgroup$ – Deer Hunter Dec 19 '14 at 12:38
 - $\begingroup$ wow! 10cm object from LEO? Amazing $\endgroup$ – Sathish Dec 19 '14 at 13:02
 - $\begingroup$ Do meteorite dust specks count? If the distance is less than Neptune, would it include objects actually on Earth? $\endgroup$ – user21 Dec 19 '14 at 17:10
 - $\begingroup$ Sathish is asking how small an object, at the distance of Neptune, can be resolved by a telescope on the earth's surface. Does anyone know what scope holds the current record for angular resolution? That and simple geometry would answer this question. $\endgroup$ – Wayfaring Stranger Dec 19 '14 at 19:01
 - $\begingroup$ As Wayfaring Stranger says, the telescope with the lowest angular resolution can lead to the answer $\endgroup$ – Sathish Jan 2 '15 at 6:20
The smallest natural object that I know of that has been detected from an Earth-bound telescope is 2011 CQ1, a one-meter asteroid observed while specifically looking for NEOs.
As DeerHunter mentions in a comment, smaller artificial objects are identified and tracked, mostly by NORAD and some other national defence centers.
Your Answer


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Standard Test Method for Two-Dimensional Flexural Properties of Simply Supported Sandwich Composite Plates Subjected to a Distributed Load
1.1 This test method determines the two-dimensional flexural properties of sandwich composite plates subjected to a distributed load. The test fixture uses a relatively large square panel sample which is simply supported all around and has the distributed load provided by a water-filled bladder. This type of loading differs from the procedure of Test Method C393, where concentrated loads induce one-dimensional, simple bending in beam specimens.
1.2 This test method is applicable to composite structures of the sandwich type which involve a relatively thick layer of core material bonded on both faces with an adhesive to thin-face sheets composed of a denser, higher-modulus material, typically, a polymer matrix reinforced with high-modulus fibers.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
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Date of Degree
Document Type
Degree Name
Comparative Literature
John Brenkman
Paul Julian Smith
Committee Members
Bettina Lerner
Noel Carroll
Subject Categories
American Literature | American Popular Culture | Comparative Literature | Latin American Literature | Literature in English, North America | Modern Languages | Modern Literature
Literary Journalism, Latin American Literature, Mexican Studies, Fictionality, Theory of the Novel, Literary Nonfiction
This dissertation compares twentieth-century literary journalism from the U.S. and Mexico, with a focus on the nonfiction novel and the Mexican chronicle. The dissertation considers the two genres both historically and theoretically, in order to distinguish the borders between literature and unscrupulous journalism. North American journalism is at the heart of a crisis over the epistemological status of facts and their place in our political discourse. Some have argued that works of literary nonfiction can damage social norms like journalistic objectivity. Others argue that forms like the chronicle and the nonfiction novel can describe experience better than news reports. This dissertation engages with debates in and between the disciplines of history and theory of the novel, rhetorical and narrative studies of literature, philosophy of art and of literature, Latin American studies, Mexican studies and more, in order to investigate the boundaries of literature and journalism, art and representation, and fiction and fact.


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In the early 1924 a paddock (now playing fields near the inner Canberra suburb of Dickson) was the 'designated' airfield for Canberra and known as the Northbourne Aviation Ground. However, as Canberra was not a scheduled destination, it was mostly used for emergency landings for aircraft on domestic routes such as Sydney to Adelaide.
In late 1926 with the opening of Parliament House approaching and celebrations with a Royal Australian Airforce flying display, the Dickson airfield was considered unsuitable to host the variety of aircraft expected. Instead, a paddock in the Majura Valley owned by the Campbell family, graziers at the time, was deemed by Airforce Captain Henri Petre to be 'absolutely ideal for flying', with landing distances of 'not less than 1000 yards in all directions'.
So in 1926 this site at the corner of the Majura Valley Road and the Queanbeyan-Duntroon Road was leased to the Department of Defence. Four years later it was handed over to the government's then-civil aviation control.
The RAAF may have erected a wooden hut for service personnel attending the opening of Parliament House, but the first building formally documented at the 'Duntroon Aerodrome' (later to become Canberra Aerodrome) was a large hangar in 1936 at the site where the northern end of Canberra's present terminal stands.
By 1939 work had already begun on construction of a military base on the opposite side of the aerodrome from the civilian hangar.
From this time until 2003 when the RAAF base was decommissioned, the airport has operated for the needs of both defence and civil aviation. The remaining defence presence on the north-eastern side of the airport now operates the Prime Minister's VIP fleet of aircraft.
Throughout these decades, the airport runways continued to be upgraded and lengthened as aircraft sizes increased and aircraft began landing with greater frequency.
The airport terminal too, has undergone some major changes. Firstly, it was façade improvement in the early 1950s, followed by small extensions. Between 1960 and 1970 passenger numbers exploded form 206,096 a year to more than half a million, so in 1970-71 a bigger terminal was built.
In late 1980 with news of the forthcoming opening of New Parliament House in 1988, a new domestic terminal was needed requiring a major restructuring of the existing terminal. Rolling additions continued throughout the early 1990s.
In 1998 the Federal Government sold the Canberra Airport to Canberra businessman Terry Snow and his family. It was an airport with declining facilities and rundown aviation infrastructure. The existing terminal alone had 42 different floor levels, having been renovated, added to and built in so many stages.
At that time each end of the terminal was owned by existing airlines which had control over capital works and so major upgrades could not be undertaken. It wasn't until Terry Snow was able to purchase the ex-Ansett end of the terminal from administrators that major upgrades could begin if not over the whole site, then key pieces of infrastructure. These included major runway, apron and car park upgrades, a new hangar, development of a new entrance, and internal facilities.
Five years later after negotiations with Qantas, the Airport reached an agreement on developing a completely new terminal on the existing site. By 2009, the Canberra Airport AirVolution had begun.