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Although it would seem strange, the question of audio fidelity comes with ethical baggage. The word wasn't used to describe truthful-seeming sound reproduction until 1878, and to this day it homophonically evokes ideological duty, whether to a monogamous relationship (boring!), nation state, or job. Canadian composer Kara-Lis Coverdale has consistently disavowed the traditional demands of audio fidelity — the 'reality' her sounds would be faithful to always remains an unstable reference point. Those listeners looking to her new record Grafts, released via Boomkat on April 27, for evidence of the Latin fidelitatem (nominative fidelitas), meaning "faithfulness, adherence, trustiness" will not find it.
In her 2010 Masters thesis, 'Sound, Rhetoric, and the Fallacy of Fidelity in Recorded Popular Music,' Coverdale problematizes the idea of 'realism' connoted by recorded music, arguing that sonic 'realness' is an ideologically — and inorganically — constructed notion. Proceeding from this conclusion, Grafts is an object lesson in the way timbre as a communicative apparatus rhetoric can be strategically manipulated. As the composer explained in a since-deleted note accompanying the piece on SoundCloud, it is the result of an interlocking set of translations across mediums and file formats, of texts within texts. The production process began with a technique initially developed on Coverdale's 2010 album A 480, whereby digitized sounds of the human voice were "disembodied, disfigured, and displaced" from any resemblance to their source. From there, each hacked tone was "split up to four ways, then re-pitched and re-woven through a back-and-forth grafting procedure of layering and securing on a four-channel processor." Next, "interdependent layers of shelved frequencies (rather than equal tempered pitches) [were stacked] to produce frequentially-terraced composites."
Even without all this technical background information, there's something about the approach to arrangement on Coverdale's new album that asks to be diagrammed, more so than anything she's produced to date. This is in part due to the 22-minute work's geometrical nature: tessellating motifs gather momentum, sustain, and diffuse in three semi-linear movements held together by a continuous flow. Atomized sounds come together in strange affinities — an exhausted organ pad washes over glitched expressivity here, tones disjointedly echo one another in receded pockets of the mix there. Along with its addition-and-subtraction melodic progression, Grafts' mathematical structure resembles the repetitive, slowly-modulating compositional approach developed by the New York minimalist school. Although Grafts is definitely more reminiscent of Steve Reich than it is Philip Glass, Sol Lewitt's cover artwork for the latter's 1976 album Music In Twelve Parts – Parts 1 & 2 offers a productive point of departure for situating Coverdale's work in diagrammatic terms.
Lewitt and Glass' work in this instance is hand-drawn in clear lines, suggestive of a distinctly Fordist mode of production — human, but learning to hybridize with automated technological processes. When effective, the New York school's works — such as Reich's Drumming — ease the listener into a state of transcendence, composed as if to draw forth a resonant, 'pure' idea or feeling, elaborated with crystalline clarity. We can still see evidence of a traditional approach to audio fidelity there. In marked contrast, the emotional tenor of Grafts is opaque, polysemous, and folded into itself. The experience of listening is like being subcutaneously sucked into an alien swarm. Grafts' emotional narrative is cohesive on the macro level, but on the micro level harmony and dissonance are harder to locate, enacted as they are in superimposed, interjecting stacks. Their arrangement is the product of innumerable contingent functions taking place behind the scenes.
Is there a clearer diagram than what Coverdale offers with the title — a multiplicity of grafts, winding, twisting, and "frequentially terranced?" Although the production process has created a concrete, finished work, Grafts still seems to be in limbo, on the verge of falling apart due to so much calculated chaos. Catchy melodies learn to live with and against their own auto-regurgitating churn. "Destabilization is inevitable and facilitation of brave reconfiguration spawns a seed," writes the composer in the Grafts program notes. "Who is your seed maker? I only know I have more limbs than I can count and I am far beyond the edges of myself." Grafting is the surgical process involving the transplantation of skin from what part of the body to another. Skin here can mean many things, it seems — epidermis is just the start. There's also a horticultural process of grafting, where the vascular tissues of different plants are physically conjoined so that they produce a cumulative hybrid organism with selectively cultivated attributes. The important thing on this LP is that the transplant/suture process has been so intense that it's impossible to quantitatively enumerate; it's not possible to contain in any definitive sense. Lightheadedness at the prospect of differentiating root and stem, limb, or flower qualities in turn gets mixed up with subtly aggro key changes and disconsolate melody-cycles. "A gut has its own intelligence," writes theorist Sara Ahmed in her recent book Living A Feminist Life; the listening gut sounds a certain eerie alarm, with the fidelity-void on the Grafts horizon. It's not clear who or what presides over the operating table.**


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The Czech Office for Surveying Mapping and Cadastre (COSMC) maintains spatial data sets according to Act No.344/1992 Coll. – on Cadastre - and Act No.200/1994 Coll. – on Land Surveying. The Act on Land Surveying has been revised by the amendment of the Act on Free Access to Data on Environment so that it specifies spatial data sets provided for the national infrastructure for spatial information:
- state base map series for public use,
- geodetic data about provisions of fundamental geodetic control,
- orthophotographic imagery of the entire territory of the Republic,
- database set of geographical names.
The aim is to provide spatial data sets (geodata) according to data specification laid down by the INSPIRE implementation rule for harmonization and interoperability defined by the Directive and supplemented by the „guideline" documents as a recommendation for implementation. In this data model the data will be provided at the latest 6 months after their updating in the source data base, but presumably more often will provide Vector data will be used for the implementation only.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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help > class > bard
BARD (thief subclass)
Bards are an interesting group. They are, essentially, a melding of
fighters, thieves, and song masters. While adept at the skills of
both combat and larceny, a bard's primary power is derived from
offensive and defensive "songs." The bard undergoes rigorous training
to learn how to use words, melody and counterpoint to effect changes
in their environment. Bards can use their songs to hurt, to charm, and
to inspire as well as to understand the nature of objects around them.
As a hybrid of classes, a bard has the gift of both fighter and thief
abilities, but does not possess the full range, nor the full strength
of the abilities of a true member of either class.
Bards are charismatic and joyous adventurers. They are known
throughout the lands for regaling the folk with tales of their
journeys. As such, many shopkeepers reward bards by paying a higher
than usual price for a bard's goods. Shopkeepers may do this to
assist the bard in further adventuring and in hopes of the bard
returning with more glorious tales.
A bard only performs one song at a time, but is capable of improvising
with refrains that adjust the mood and keep the audience on their
Bards can not wear gloves, shield or plate helmet.
Bards have the following skills:
sleight staff toughness awareness
resistance disarm bow dagger
sword axe singing combat
spear mace flail
Bards have the following songs; the (*) indicates a refrain:
charm fear vengeance rejuvenation
lore * dirge * quell * inspire
Bard stats:
Strength : 75
Dexterity : 125
Intelligence : 125
Constitution : 75


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Recent News Articles
Brains see men as people, women as parts
Both genders process images of men and women differently — men are seen as people, women as body parts, U.S. researchers suggest.
Lead author Sarah Gervais, assistant professor of psychology at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, said in the study, participants were randomly presented with dozens of images of fully clothed, average-looking men and women. Each person was shown from head to knee, standing, with eyes focused on the camera.
After a brief pause, participants then saw two new images on their screen: One was unmodified and contained the original image, while the other was a slightly modified version of the original image that comprised a sexual body part. Participants then quickly indicated which of the two images they had previously seen.
The study, published in the European Journal of Social Psychology, found women's sexual body parts were more easily recognized when presented in isolation than when they were presented in the context of their entire bodies. However, men's sexual body parts were recognized better when presented in the context of their entire bodies than they were in isolation, the study said.
"We always hear that women are reduced to their sexual body parts; you hear about examples in the media all the time," Gervais said in a statement. "This research takes it a step further and finds that this perception spills over to everyday women, too."
Copyright 2012 by United Press International

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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- pages 1,2: Q&A about the Space story
- page 3: story WordSearch
- page 4: Connect the sentence to the right picture
- page 5: Unscramble the words from the story
- page 6: Rewrite the passage from the story in the correct order
- page 7: Cross out the wrong sentence
- page 8: Put the words in order to rewrite the sentences from the story
- page 9: Colouring reward!
NOTE: you will need the printable space story to complete the worksheets.
The Arabic Seeds' quality for you:
- Arabic sentences that can be re-used in real life.
- Arabic text with the vowels and more space between the Arabic letters.
- 2 versions included in the printable PDF: Arabic-only & Arabic-English.
- Illustrated with our own hand-drawn illustrations and designed with a professional design software.
- The worksheets go with our other space resources to enhance the learning and acquire the language.
About each File (Arabic-only & Arabic/English):
- 13-pages PDF (letter-sized),
- 9 Worksheet Pages
- Answer Key provided
- Resource included in UNIT 9
- Access to Videos related to the unit printables to listen to the right pronunciation and speak Arabic.
- Members can ask questions and ask us to correct their child work if needed.
Not a member? Read more about the membership subscription here.


A traumatic injury is a type of injury that is closely associated with trauma and often cause by RTA while a splenic injury, which involves a ruptured spleen, is any injury to the spleen. The rupture of a normal spleen can be caused by trauma, such as a traffic collision.
Depending on the size of the injury, the injury leads to the expulsion of blood internally, it is an emergency condition irrespective of its severity.
Causes a Spleen injury
The spleen is the most frequent organ to be damaged in blunt trauma injuries involving the abdomen. This is true regardless of your age.
The following are among the frequent causes of spleen injuries:
 1. Motor vehicle accidents or road traffic accident (RTA)
 2. Injury during contact sports, such as football and hockey
 3. Bicycle accidents, such as falling into your bicycle's handlebars
 4. Domestic violence
Certain illnesses can also lead to a spleen injury or ruptured spleen. In such cases, the spleen becomes swollen and the capsule-like covering becomes thin. This makes the organ especially fragile and more likely to rupture if the abdomen receives a direct hit.
Diseases that increase the risk for a ruptured spleen include:
 1. Infectious mononucleosis. In some cases, a ruptured spleen is the first sign of the illness.
 2. Blood (hematological) diseases such as hemolytic anemia and certain types of lymphoma
 3. Malaria
Signs and symptoms of injury in the spleen
Most especially spleen injury that is caused by illness can be diagnosed by:
 1. Abdominal pain
 2. Tenderness in the epigastrium
 3. Sharp pain in the left flank
However, if the injury occurs via traffic collision or direct accident, there will be:
 1. Rapid breathing
 2. Total or partial collapse
 3. Obvious numbness or loss of concentration
 4. Bleeding, though this depend on the severity
Worth-noting, the condition is a critical medical condition that calls for emergency response.
Treatment of traumatic injury and spleen injury.
No home remedy or local method can safe a situation like this, in fact, it handles with utmost care medically because, the bled blood internally has to be wiped off, ensure thorough opening and strict compliance to medical etiquette are observed.
Medically, a nonoperative approach is chosen in those who are hemodynamically stable with non-worsening symptoms During this period of nonoperative management strict bed rest between 24–72 hours with careful monitoring are key to the quick recovery of the patient
Our medic talks at ALTH
Lie no assurance in using local approach in treating a condition of such with huge possibility of internal bleeding, therefore, you are strongly advice to report the case to hospital if you can't the ill fellow dear to you. Further delay worsens the condition hence, increasing death – life chance.


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May 21, 2010 Researchers at Spain's Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG) demonstrate evidence in support of the common ancestry of life, thanks to a new computational approach to study protein evolution.
The work, published in Nature, takes its inspiration from the astronomer Edwin Hubble and uses his approach to study protein evolution. The extrapolation of Hubble's approach to proteins shows that proteins that share a common ancestor billions of years ago continue to diverge in their molecular composition.
The study reveals that protein evolution has not reached its limit and it is still continuing. At the same time, it provides us new information on why this evolution is so slow and conservative, showing that protein structures are more evolutionary plastic than previously thought.
Almost 100 years ago Edwin Hubble observed that distant galaxies are moving away from Earth faster than those that are closer. This relationship between distance and velocity is widely cited as evidence of the origin of the Universe from a Big Bang. Researchers at the Centre for Genomic Regulation used his approach to investigate the divergence between protein sequences.
"We wanted to know if the divergent evolution between proteins was still proceeding. Today, we can find proteins that are still similar after almost 3,5 billion years of evolution. Our study showed that their divergence continues with these proteins becoming more and more different despite their incredible level of conservation," said Fyodor Kondrashov, principal investigator of the project and leader of the Evolutionary Genomics group at the CRG.
The work done by Kondrashov and Inna Povolotskaya goes beyond similarity studies and discusses the evolution of proteins from the view of evolutionary dynamics, offering a new perspective on how protein structures are maintained in evolution. "In the same way that Hubble's observations led to an understanding of the past and the future of our universe, using his approach at a molecular level we get a similar overview that gives us the ability to analyze evolutionary dynamics and get a broad prediction of the possible changes to the proteins in the future," says Povolotskaya, first author of the work and responsible for obtaining and analyzing all data.
Proteins are formed through combinations of amino acids, with only 20 types of amino acids are available to form a particular protein. To obtain the data for their study, the CRG researchers have compared proteins sequences from different species that were available in GenBank, a public database of genetic information. Comparing these sequences the authors measured the distance of proteins from each other and devised a method for measuring how fast the proteins are accumulating different changes. Thus, they could replicate Hubble's approach by correlating the distance between the proteins with the rate of their divergence. The result indicates that even the most distantly-related proteins are still accumulating differences.
The study shows how new techniques of bioinformatics and computational analysis can also expand knowledge at a molecular level. "Our work is a good example of how we can learn new and very fundamental things just by analyzing a larger volume of data that can be obtained by one experimental laboratory," says Kondrashov.
Most changes in a protein are deleterious because they somehow disrupt its structure or function. The authors observation that even very conservative proteins are still diverging challenges this view, because it implies that most amino acids in a protein can be changes without any ill effects. Their explanation is that amino acid changes that are deleterious in one combination can be benign when occurring in a different one. "Thanks to our study we now have a better understanding of protein structure dynamics," says Kondrashov. It may provide a new perspective to groups working on protein structure to find new targets for design drugs, etc.
The Povolotskaya and Kondrashov study also provides new information on how different interactions between different amino acids in the structure of proteins slows down but does not completely prevent evolution.
Other social bookmarking and sharing tools:
- Inna S. Povolotskaya, Fyodor A. Kondrashov. Sequence space and the ongoing expansion of the protein universe. Nature, 2010; DOI: 10.1038/nature09105
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.


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Region - Europe
Region - Asia
Region - South America
Region - unspecific
On the technical side we aim to combine remote sensing systems with model fields and direct measurements. Remote sensing at LCRS includes the reception and processing of satellite data from various sensors at the Marburg Satellite Station (MSS) and a range of ground-based remote sensing instrumentation at our meteorological station.
Our student lab is the primary hub of our teaching activities. Student assistants and students preparing their theses find the tools needed to complete their research and tasks.


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Individual differences |
Methods | Statistics | Clinical | Educational | Industrial | Professional items | World psychology |
Henry Edward Garrett (27 January 1894—26 June 1973) was an American psychologist and segregationist. Garrett was President of the American Psychological Association in 1946 and Chair of Psychology at Columbia University from 1941 to 1955.
A.S. Winston chronicles Garrett's involvement in the International Association for the Advancement of Ethnology and Eugenics (IAAEE), the journal Mankind Quarterly, the neofascist Northern League, and the ultra-right wing political group, the Liberty Lobby.
In the 1950s Garrett helped organize an international group of scholars dedicated to preventing race mixing, preserving segregation, and promoting the principles of early 20th century eugenics and "race hygiene." Garrett was a strong opponent of the 1954 United States Supreme Court's desegregation decision in Brown v. Board of Education, which he predicted would lead to "total demoralization and then disorganization in that order."
He is credited with coining the term equalitarian dogma in 1961 to describe the then politically fashionable view that there were no race differences in intelligence, or if there were, they were purely the result of environmental factors. Those who questioned these views often put their careers at risk.
He wrote in the Citizens' Council monthly journal The Citizen, "Despite glamorized accounts to the contrary, the history of Black Africa over the past 5,000 years is largely a blank," and, "The crime record of the Negro in the United States is little short of scandalous." (Garrett 1968)
Edwin R. Guthrie
|Henry Garrett elected APA President|
- Garrett, H.E. (1980). I.Q. and Racial Differences. Newport Beach, CA: Noontide Press, 1980
- Garrett, H.E. (1968) "Scientist Explains Race Differences," The Citizen, January, pp. 14-19.
- Winston, A. S. (1998). Science in the service of the far right: Henry E. Garrett, the IAAEE, and the Liberty Lobby. Journal of Social Issues, 54, no. 1, 179-209.
- "Henry E. Garrett, Psychologist, Dies." New York Times. Jun 28, 1973. pg. 50.
External Links Edit
- Top IQ-tester Henry E. Garrett, WWII, and the effort to preserve segregation Historical and Investigative Research


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Language educators are using XpressLab to teach more effectively, save time, and expand their reach.
Multimedia and Interactive
Get and keep your students' attention by using the media they want and expect. Multimedia content with interactivity also lets you develop the and measure four basic language skills: reading, writing, listening, and speaking.
Powerful Speech Recognition technology encourages students to practice speaking more in a private, intimidation-free environment. It gives instant feedback to the learner during practice exercises, so they can evaluate their own progress.
Easy to Use
If you can use PowerPoint, then you know how to use XpressLab. The convenient marking interface helps you breeze through reviewing and marking answers. Easy enough for students to use on their own. Techie skills and IT teams are not required.
Zero installation and maintenance for you or your students. Accessible anytime, anywhere with any web browser and operating system, including Chromebooks and smartphones. In all likelihood, you won't need new hardware to run XpressLab.


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Significance and Use
5.1 Moisture, as determined by this instrumental test method, is used for calculating other analytical results to a dry basis using procedures in Practice D3180.
5.2 Moisture can be used in conjunction with the air-dry moisture loss determined by Test Method D3302 to determine total moisture in coal. Total moisture is used for calculating other analytical results to an as-received basis using Practice D3180.
5.3 Ash yield is the residue remaining after heating the coal and coke samples (see Note 1).
—The ash obtained differs in composition and amount from the mineral constituents present in the original coal. Combustion causes an expulsion of all water, the loss of carbon dioxide from carbonates, the conversion of iron pyrite into iron oxides and sulfur oxides, and other chemical reactions. Ash yield, as determined by this test method, can differ from the amount of ash produced in furnace operations or other combustion systems because combustion conditions influence the chemistry and amount of ash.
5.4 Ash yield is used, (1) as a parameter for evaluating sampling procedures and coal cleaning processes, (2) in the ultimate analysis calculation of oxygen by difference using Practice D3176, (3) in calculations including material balance, reactivity and yields of products relevant to coal conversion processes such as gasification and liquefaction, (4) in calculations to estimate the loading on electrostatic precipitators and on the fly ash and bottom ash disposal systems as well as erosion rates on boiler systems.
5.5 Volatile matter yield, when determined as herein described, may be used to (1) indicate coke yield on carbonization, (2) provide the basis for purchasing and selling, or (3) establish combustion characteristics.
5.6 Fixed carbon is a calculated value. It is the difference between 100 and the sum of the percent moisture, ash, and volatile matter. All percents shall be on the same moisture reference base.
5.7 Moisture, ash, and volatile matter are three of the principal parameters used for assessing the quality of coal.
1.1 These instrumental test methods cover the determination of moisture, volatile matter, and ash, and the calculation of fixed carbon in the analysis of coal and coke samples prepared in accordance with Practice D2013 and Practice D346.
1.2 These instrumental test methods are not applicable to thermogravimetric analyzers using microgram size samples.
1.3 Test Methods D3173, D3174, and D3175 shall be considered the referee test methods.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.
D121 Terminology of Coal and Coke
D346 Practice for Collection and Preparation of Coke Samples for Laboratory Analysis
D2013 Practice for Preparing Coal Samples for Analysis
D3173 Test Method for Moisture in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke
D3174 Test Method for Ash in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke from Coal
D3175 Test Method for Volatile Matter in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke
D3176 Practice for Ultimate Analysis of Coal and Coke
D3180 Practice for Calculating Coal and Coke Analyses from As-Determined to Different Bases
D3302 Test Method for Total Moisture in Coal
D5016 Test Method for Total Sulfur in Coal and Coke Combustion Residues Using a High-Temperature Tube Furnace Combustion Method with Infrared Absorption
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
ash; macro thermogravimetric analysis, macro-TGA; moisture; proximate analysis; volatile matter;
ICS Number Code 73.040 (Coals)
ASTM International is a member of CrossRef.
Citing ASTM Standards
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Full moon light over Annapurna Sanctuary, 4200 meters, in the Himalayas of Nepal.
The entire sanctuary was held as sacred to the Gurung people, the only people to inhabit it before the 20th century.They believed it was the repository of gold and various treasures left by the Nāgas, the serpent-gods known in India. The sanctuary was believed to be the home of several deities, from Hinduism and Buddhism as well the older animistic gods. The peak of Machapuchare at the entrance was believed to be the home of the god Shiva, and the daily plumes of snow were thought the smoke of his divine incense Until recently, the local Gurang people forbade anyone from bringing eggs or meat into the Annapurna Sanctuary, and women and untouchables were prohibited from going there as well.


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Example of the Penalty Structure in the OVDP Process
The Criminal Investigative unit is charged with assessing the penalty structure. The structure itself is nonnegotiable and the examiner lacks discretion to make any adjustments. The following is an example prepared by the IRS:
The values of OVDP assets are aggregated for each year and the offshore penalty is calculated at the applicable rate (either 27.5 percent or 50 percent) of the highest year's aggregate value during the period covered by the voluntary disclosure.
If the taxpayer has multiple OVDP assets where the highest value of some OVDP assets is in different years, the values of OVDP assets are aggregated for each year and a single offshore penalty is calculated at the applicable rate of the highest year's aggregate value.
For example, assume the taxpayer had the following amounts in a foreign financial account over the period covered by his voluntary disclosure. It is assumed for purposes of the example that the $1,000,000 was in the account before 2005 and was not unreported income in 2005.
|Year||Amount on Deposit||Interest Income||Account Balance|
(NOTE: This example does not provide for compound interest, and assumes the taxpayer is in the 35-percent tax bracket, does not have an investment in a Passive Foreign Investment Company (PFIC) and files a return but does not include the foreign financial account or the interest income on the return. This example further assumes that the taxpayer is subject to a 27.5 percent offshore penalty.)
Under the OVDP Process
If the taxpayer in the above example comes forward and his voluntary disclosure is accepted by the IRS, he faces this potential scenario:
He would pay $553,000 plus interest. This includes:
- Tax of $140,000 (8 years at $17,500) plus interest,
- An accuracy-related penalty of $28,000 (i.e., $140,000 x 20%), and
- A miscellaneous offshore penalty of $385,000 (i.e., $1,400,000 x 27.5%).
If the taxpayer didn't come forward, when the IRS discovered his tax and FBAR noncompliance, he would have to pay substantially more in penalties. The taxpayer would also be liable for interest and possibly additional penalties, and an examination could lead to criminal prosecution.
Outside the OVDP Process
The civil liabilities outside the Offshore Voluntary Disclosure Program potentially include:
- The tax, accuracy-related penalties, and, if applicable, the failure-to-file and failure-to-pay penalties, plus interest, as described above,
- FBAR penalties totaling up to $3,825,000 for willful failures to file complete and correct FBARs (2007 - $575,000, 2008 - $600,000, 2009 - $625,000, 2010 - $650,000, and 2011 - $675,000, and 2012 - $700,000),
- The potential of having the fraud penalty (75 percent) apply, and
- The potential of substantial additional information return penalties if the foreign financial account is held through a foreign entity such as a trust or corporation and required information returns were not filed.
Case Resolution in the OVDP Process
Assuming the taxpayers and the service can successfully negotiate all of the above twists and turns, the case will be resolved by a written agreement known as a closing agreement. The taxpayer will pay all taxes, interest, and penalties. In addition they will agree to abide by the tax laws going forward, and the matter will be resolved. As previously mentioned to date, $6.5 billion of tax revenue has been collected under the OVDP process and its predecessor programs. If an agreement cannot be reached, the taxpayer has the right to opt out of the program as discussed in the next section.
Questions about the OVDP process? Please give our office a call.


Prof. Oriol Romero-Isart
AI Romero-Isart is currently at the Institute of Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. His research is focused in the field of theoretical quantum optics, atomic physics, quantum nanophysics, and superconductivity in the context of quantum science: quantum information processing, quantum simulation, quantum metrology, and foundations of quantum mechanics.
Major funding support
Australian Research Council


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The nursing profession is an important component of the provision of community healthcare, and nearly a third of the nurses in Israel are employed in the community. The role of community nurses has altered significantly in recent years due to the following changes: the aging population and increase in chronic morbidity; activities and changes within the health system including programs of שmeasurement of the quality of medical care, the mental-health reform, and expanded health promotion; expanded opportunities for advanced training for nurses, and academization of the profession.
In light of these changes, this study was designed to provide data for the first time on the following:
- The main changes in the role of community nurses in recent years
- The main areas of nursing work today and the nature of their work in these areas.
In addition, the study also furnishes data on these issues:
- The extent of autonomy felt by nurses in their work
- The extent of their satisfaction with various aspects of the work
The barriers to the continued development of the role of community nurses.The study was based on in-depth interviews with some 50 senior medical and nursing professionals, and on a survey of some 700 nurses from the four health plans who provide direct patient care in the community. The role of community nurses in Israel was compared with that in the US and UK by means of a literature review and consultations with experts in these countries.
The study found that nursing leaders, as well as a large majority of the front-line nurses (85%), perceived that the nature of their work had changed substantially in recent years. Key changes included a transition from reactive to initiated work, increased specialization, a shifting of tasks from hospitals to community settings, and greater autonomy. The main areas of current activity include caring for chronically ill patients, health promotion, and routine care. Four out of five front-line nurses were satisfied with their work to a great or very great extent, and approximately three out of four of them felt that they had autonomy at work to a great or very great extent. Perceived barriers to further role development include traditional attitudes on the part of some physicians and nurses, an insufficient number of dedicated nursing positions, and insufficiently attractive wage levels.
The study findings are expected to contribute to the efforts to recruit more people to the profession, especially to community nursing; to update the curricula of nursing schools; and to the discussion of health plans when defining nursing tasks and considering budgets and compensation levels. The findings will also help the general public better understand the roles of community nurses and contribute to nurse empowerment.
The study was funded with the aid of a research grant from the Israel National Institute for Health Policy Research.


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Effectiveness of communication strategies of the "tobacco kills –quit now" campaign: a case study of Nairobi County
This study sought to find out effectiveness of communication strategies of the "tobacco kills –quit now" campaign in Nairobi County. The study reviews literature based on the effectiveness of communication strategies of the "tobacco kills quit now" campaign which include smoking, Effectiveness of antismoking campaigns, advertising creative strategies of antismoking campaigns, strategic communication and other interventions for social change in Kenya. The study employed both qualitative and quantitative methods. Data collection was undertaken through the following process: Training of research teams and pre-testing of tools: During this training, pretesting of tools was undertaken as part of the research teams' orientation to the study objectives. 100 questionnaires were administered and a response rate of 72% was recorded. The collected questionnaires were sorted, cleaned, and coded. Once coded, the questionnaires were keyed into the Statistical Package for Social Sciences for analysis. Descriptive statistics was used to analyse the data and findings were presented in frequency tables, pie charts and bar charts for easy understanding. Qualitative data from the focus group discussions was summarized using thematic framework and analyzed using NVIVO 10 software. Dominant themes were identified through content analysis where systematic sorting of data was done according to the research objectives. The study established that the anti-smoking campaign by the ministry of health was not grounded on any specific theories of behaviour change. This is despite the fact that grounding a campaign in one or more theories of behaviour change enables campaign planners to explain why and how a campaign should work, thus assessing the campaign's progress throughout the health communication process. The anti-smoking campaign was however greatly influenced by global best practices and previous researches such as Global Youth Tobacco Survey and Global Adult Tobacco Survey when developing mass media communication strategies. Anti-smoking messaging was only moderately effective in addressing target audience. Target population of the ministry of health was the general household and not specific demographics. In Nairobi, only 40.9% of the smokers quit smoking following anti-smoking messaging on cigarette packets while only 34.9% of the smokers quit smoking following anti-smoking messaging on TV/Radio. The use of English and Swahili only in composing the antismoking message failed to address the population that is only conversant with their vernacular languages. Further, the messaging was appropriate to some extent because the ministry borrowed greatly from global trends and best practices. TV, Radio, Internet and Newspaper are the most accessible channels of communication in Nairobi County. This implies that the tobacco control unit of the ministry of health should not only rely on TV, Radio and Cigarette packet messaging to relay the anti-smoking messages. They should consider other channels of communication like the internet and newspapers. Many people buy cigarettes in single sticks, which imply that they do not manage to read the warnings on the packets. Anti-smoking campaign by the tobacco control unit of the ministry of health was effective in causing behavior change among the target audience only to a moderate extent. This is evidenced by the fact that only 40.9% of the smokers quit smoking following anti-smoking messaging on cigarette packets while only 34.9% of the smokers quit smoking following anti-smoking messaging on TV/Radio. However, majority of the people in Nairobi County are aware of the dangers of smoking and second hand smoking.


book size I can do a layout that is this small. As you could see here, there's not a lot of detail that you could really get onto a canvas this small, but that's kind of the point. It pretty much forces you to just think about the specifics of this page where you want the panels to be where the characters or objects are within the panels, where the word balloons you're going to go, how much spaces between each panel, all that really important stuff can definitely be executed at this small size. Now it doesn't mean that you have to do all your layouts at this small size. There's also nothing wrong with doing your layouts at the final print size, considering that you're probably going to be drawing your final artwork much bigger than this. The most important thing, though, about the layout stage is making sure that your layouts are with in proportion to the final printed size. So this small little canvas here is in direct proportion to this comic book. Now, how did I do that? Well, I'm an artist, and that means I'm probably pretty bad at math, and I actually happen to be pretty bad at math. So I utilize a trick that I learned a while ago, and it really helps me create something in proportion to something else, either smaller or larger, and all you really need is a ruler or some sort of straight edge. So what you want to do is take the size that you want your final comic to be printed at. This is the size right here for this example, take a sheet of paper and put it underneath it. Now take your ruler or whatever straight and you have and lay it across whatever stock canvas size you're working with from corner to corner, and you can draw imaginary line and then press down when you get to the paper underneath and continue that line as far as you want it to go. Let's take it all the way to the edge of this sheet for this example. So now that you have that diagonal, essentially all you really want to do is draw a horizontal line, and wherever it meets anywhere on that diagonal line, then you draw a vertical line connecting it. So, for instance, if you want to make a size that is smaller than that original comic book size but still in proportion, you would create a horizontal line that is higher on that diagonal. So I'll I will put a horizontal line right here just until it hits the diagonal. Now, if I wanted to be really small, I'll just keep going up this line. Wherever that horizontal line meets the diagonal, I then draw a vertical line to connect it. And as you could see here, this size right here is in direct proportion to this size right here, but it's dramatically smaller now. The lower I go on this diagonal, the bigger I could make the size. So once again I draw a horizontal line, touches the diagonal, and then I draw a vertical line to connect it. Now this size is bigger than this size, which is smaller than this size, but all of it is in proportion to each other. For me being not super savvy with numbers and math, it's visual enough from me to make sense of it. And it's up to me. I could kind of tweak it to how big and how small I wanted to be. You can do this with any shape, by the way. So say you choose a comic book size that is a little bit more unique, like this horizontal size. The same principle applies. So once again, this small size right here is in direct proportion to this size. So if I was going to lay out a comical page that was in this size, I would do it at this size. For instance, if I wanted to work much smaller now, once you figured out with size, you want to work on for your layouts. Let's then go into the next step, which is adding guidelines to your pages. 4. Creating A Framework: Okay, so now that we've decided what size we want our comic to be, and we've created a layout size that is in proportion to that final size, let's get into creating some guidelines for that page. So in order to create some form of order on your page to not have any important information, get cut off in the printing process and to make sure that there's enough room for important details like narration boxes and word bubbles you're gonna wanna place in some rough guidelines. So you might have all seen the PRI ruled comic book pages that you can get at the art store pretty much those air. Just Bristol board sheets of paper with blue line guidelines around them. Pages like that condemn finitely be convenient to work on, but they're also a little bit expensive. So I'm gonna show you how to rule out your own pages and with those guidelines, even indicate so here we have our sheet of paper to begin our layouts, so this page indicates one page of comics just at a smaller size. Now, if we look at a page of comics, here is an issue of Riverdale. When I'm illustrating these comics. I'm taking into account that I want some pieces of the artwork to go straight to the edge of the page. Right here is an example. Over here is an example. Some of the black that I indicated in the background is an example that's called full bleed. Full bleed is when the artwork goes all the way off of the page straight to the edge. That's a storytelling choice that I make when I want certain scenes where parts of the page to have a certain amount of impact. It only works as an impactful visual if everything around it is contained within some sort of framework. So here's another example where most of the panels are contained within a certain framework. And then this last panel here goes all the way down to full bleed. I achieved this effect by ruling out on my pages a template that I work off of. One set of guidelines indicates where I want all the important artwork to go within meaning where most of the panels are gonna fit within past. That line indicates where bleed starts to happen. Like this, for instance, were a full bleed image like this. So because layouts are a small sketch version of what you want the page to look like, you want to start that guideline process during this stage, so a good place to start is to figure out where you want to border your page. So how far from the edge of the comic page do you want your panels toe lay within for me? I think a good rule of thumb is about 1/2 inch on all sides. Okay, so now we have a framework that are panels can work within. You also want to indicate a second set of guidelines. Generally, these guidelines will indicate where you want the word balloons to stay within and the narration boxes as well. So all the important lettering will stay within those guidelines. And for me, I'll usually indicate maybe 1/4 inch from the edge of this live area. Now you can make exceptions for where certain lettering does pop out of these guidelines for effect, just like your artwork. But generally this is a good frame of reference to work within. So now that we got our guidelines in, let's start adding in our panels so say I had a three panel story going on over a year. Here's panel one hears panel to and panel three. I want to have be very impactful moment, and I wanted to go all the way to full bleed in order to create that sense of impact. I know that I'm going to go past this live area all the way to the edge of the page. So say, in Panel one, we have an establishing shot, and it's a low angle shot of a building or something like that. And, um, there's a hero silhouetted at the top. We just see an indication of a hero with a cape silhouetted at the top of the building. I'm gonna do this really quick. Just give me sketch quality just the way our layouts would be. Some clouds windows. We get a sense of the composition of the panel that in Panel two we have a close up shot of that character's eyes. Maybe he's seeing something down below danger we're seeing through his mask and then in Panel three, we want that to be the big, impactful moment where the superhero character jumps off the building and flies into action So this is the area where I want to go past this live space here and go all the way to the edge of the page. - Okay, So bear with my terrible stick figure drawings here, But I'm just trying to illustrate a point of what I'm talking about by creating a certain framework for your page so that certain things can pop out of that framework if necessary. So here we have our hero character jumping into action with some of the background buildings that he jumped off of in the background. His cape can even be shown going past all the way to the edge of the page underneath some of those panels that were above him. Now, for instance, if I just jumped into the page without putting any of those guidelines down and then just saying, Oh, there's gonna be a panel here panel one panel to is gonna be here, and perhaps it I'm not taking into account that it goes completely off the page. And then, uh, yeah, the character is gonna jump out over here, and it's gonna be really great scene and half of him gets cut off. He gets cut off his hand, for instance, some of the panels go all the way to the edge. There's really no structure to the page, so sometimes you get really excited and you just want to start drawing already. I totally get that minorities to, but it takes just a little bit of time to put in a certain kind of framework


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The Mora National Fish Hatchery began rearing Gila trout in 1999 and continues to do so to the present day. The hatchery is the only facility that currently cultures this rare fish. Current populations in active culture are lineages from the Main Diamond and South Diamond watersheds. Beginning in 2012, the hatchery began the process of developing broodstocks of the Whiskey and Spruce Creek lineages. These surviving populations can be severely impacted by natural events such as fire, flood, and drought, and the Mora NFH has the capability to provide refugia when necessary.
Endangered Species Recovery
In 2006 after much work, the Gila trout was down-listed from a status of endangered to one of threatened. Section 4(d) of the Endangered Species Act allows the USFWS to issue regulations to conserve species listed as threatened. Under the section, the USFWS and its' partners have allowed limited fishing in New Mexico and Arizona. These "harvest" populations are supplemented by fish from Mora NFH that are excess to the needs of the recovery program.
Each year the hatchery improves the spawning techniques for the Gila trout creating higher hatch rates. Continual modifications to culture techniques and protocols result in increased egg production and corresponding fry hatch rates, which in turn results in more fish available for recovery and recreational stocking.
The majority of stocking takes place inside the Gila Wilderness Area which is part of the Gila National Forest in southern New Mexico. The fish are hauled in on mules, backpack, and/or helicopters to reach their destination. This effort takes massive amounts of coordination among the recovery partner agencies, including the National Forest Service, New Mexico Department of Game and Fish, Arizona Game and Fish Department, and the Service. The New Mexico Fish & Wildlife Conservation Office takes the lead on this coordination and works closely with the Mora NFH on the stocking and broodstock collection efforts.
The Gila trout became eligible for angling opportunities in New Mexico in 2008, and the return of Gila trout angling opportunities in Arizona began in 2011. Excess fish from recovery efforts are stocked out into recreation streams for angling opportunities.


Alexandru Solomon To Investigate TARZAN'S TESTICLES
Todd Brown, Founder and Editor
Half the battle in making a compelling documentary is selecting a compelling topic and Romanian producer / director Alexandru Solomon has got himself a doozy in Tarzan's Testicles. Solomon will be exploring actual research done by the Abkhazian Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Pathology and Therapy throughout the Soviet era which attempted to cross breed humans with monkeys. Says FNE about the project:
Once a part of the Soviet Union, Abkhazia is now a disputed territory, with a handful of nations - Russia among them - recognizing it as independent while most of the world considers its territory to be a part of the Republic of Georgia. Georgia officially considers it an autonomous republic with its government sitting in exile in the Georgian capital of Tblisi, while officially listing it as a Russian occupied territory. Let's just say the local politics are thorny.
Tarzan's Testicles is in planning now with a release planned for 2014.
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Prejudice against Australian asylum-seekers and their function: Suggestions for anti-prejudice strategies
Pedersen, A., Watt, S. and Griffiths, B. (2008) Prejudice against Australian asylum-seekers and their function: Suggestions for anti-prejudice strategies. In: Second International Conference on "Racisms in the New World Order", 6-7 December 2007, University of the Sunshine Coast.
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Over the last decade or so under the Howard Government, there has been a great deal of controversy regarding the unauthorised arrival of asylum seekers. In this study, we analysed data collected from 602 Western Australians. We investigated why people think the way they do about asylum seekers using the function of attitude literature as a base; specifically participants' values, their experience with asylum seekers, and their reliance on other sources for information. Results indicated that the Perth community overwhelmingly based their attitudes (positive or negative) on their values. Finally, we integrate these findings with other research regarding prejudice against asylum seekers, and give suggestions for attempting to present an alternative – more positive – view of asylum seekers than that often given.
|Publication Type:||Conference Paper|
|Murdoch Affiliation:||School of Psychology|
|Publisher:||University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland|
|Copyright:||Copyright information unavailable|
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100 MVA) oil filled with radiators/fans (one or 2 sets),single phase distribution transformers/oil filled (with or without radiators/fans) up to 500 KVA,three phase distribution transformers/oil filled (with or without radiators/fans) up to 1.5MVA,dry type power transformers/3 phase 300 KVA to 2MVA or silicone filled or epoxy resin insulated for indoor installations. All oil filled transformers are installed outdoor unless special layout with fire proof (resisting) material and appropriate barriers are used, then indoor installation is possible. Distribution transformers can be of the pole mounted, vault surmounted type. The primary voltage of power transformers can be as high as 750 KV, though the most common are 345KV, 220KV, 115KV, for distribution transformers as high as 72KVthough the most common are 34.5, 25KV (27.6KV), 15KV.
7) What are the different types of overhead switches, pad mounted switchgear and those of lightning arresters?
The different types of overhead switches are: either single or three phase, either manually operated or electric/manual operated, either local control or remote/local control, oil insulated or air or SF6. The different types of pad mounted switchgear are: either manually or manually/motor operated, controlled locally or locally/remotely, air or oil or SF6/vacuum insulated, protective devices are either fuses or electronic devices. The configuration will,generally, have four compartments with any combination of fuse or interrupter, switch, solid or empty compartment. The different types of lightning arr esters are: station, intermediate,distribution (heavy duty, normal or light duty) and may be riser pole type.
8) What are the standards that govern distribution transformers? How are distribution transformers defined?
The standards that govern distribution transformers are: CSA "Single phase & three phase distribution transformers" Std. C2, CSA "Dry type transformers" C9, CSA "Guide for loading Dry-type distribution and power transformers" C9.1 and CSA "Insulating oil" C50. The distribution transformers are defined as follows: the voltage ratings (insulation class level of primary -h.v.- winding, the primary and secondary windings rated voltage), short circuit capability for a fault on the bushings of the transformer (current value and its corresponding duration), dielectric test values (applied voltage for 1 minute, full wave and chopped BIL anytime to flash over for the chopped), outdoor transformer bushings ratings (defined by their insulation class, 60HZ 1 minute/dry, 10 second/wet dielectric withstand ability, the full wave and chopped BIL), audible sound levels and induced voltage tests.
9) How are wooden and concrete poles defined?
The wooden poles are defined as follows: the class (1 to 7-4500LB to 1200 minimum horizontal breaking load when applied 2 ft. from pole top), the minimum circumference at pole top level(27″ to 15″), length of pole (25 to 110 ft, generally), minimum circumference at the ground level(distance from butt), the wood species (Western Red Cedar, Southern Yellow Pine, Douglas Fir,Western Larch), the treatment against attack from fungi and insects (eg. creosote oil, ammonicalcopper fatty acid, pentachlorphenol or chromated copper arsenates) and the weight per pole.The concrete poles are defined accordingly: ultimate load (class A to J, 600 LB to 4500 LB,respectively), the length, the manufacturing process (regular or prestressed class), the steelreinforcing rods (cage) tensile strength, the diameter, the raceway diameter, spacing anddiameter of holes in the pole, grounding bars (galvanized or coated) surface treatment.
10) What are the different applications of oil switches and what are their defining parameters?
The different applications of overhead oil switches in utility distribution systems are: generalpurpose for inductive and resistive loads & capacitor (capacitive current switching). Thedefining parameters are: the rated maximum voltage, the basic impulse level, the dielectric withstand, continuous current, inductive load switching, capacitive switching current, makingcurrent, momentary current, short time current rating; for the control circuit: nominal and rangeof operating voltage, trip coil current. The weight, dimensions, oil volume and speed of operation for the switch are also important defining data. The other two devices that may use oilas the switching medium are the sectionalizes and reclosers.
11) How are overhead air switches classified?
The following is the classification of the air insulated switches according to their breaking type:side break switches, vertical break and double break. The different types of mountings for suchswitches are: upright, vertical, triangular, tiered outboard mounting and pedestal. The insulatorsof the switch may be epoxy or porcelain, the base is insulated or steel.
13) What are the important parameters by which lightning arresters are defined?
14) How would copper conductors be defined?
The construction of copper conductors is defined as follows: cross section area, class of conductor (indication of degree of flexibility), number of wires, diameter of wire, tensilestrength, elongation, diameter of conductor, type (concentric lays, compact or compressed) andweight per 1000 ft.
15) How would ACSR (aluminum conductor steel reinforced) and ASC (aluminumstranded conductor) be defined?
The defining parameters for aluminium conductor steel reinforced designs are: the Al area, thetotal conductor area, steel/Al area ratio, number of Al wires, diameter of Al wire, area of steelwire, diameter of steel wire, diameter of core (steel), diameter of conductor, tensile strength,AWG size, total conductor weight per 1000 ft. and the ratio of Al weight to the total weight. Thedefining parameters for aluminium stranded conductors are: the aluminum conductor area, thequantity (number) of Al wires, diameter of each wire, the diameter of the conductor, the tensilestrength, the elongation and the total weight of conductor per 1000 ft.
16) How would AASC (aluminum alloy stranded conductor) and self-dampening/compact ACSR be defined?
The defining parameters for Aluminium alloy stranded conductors are: Al alloy area and theequivalent Al area, number of Al alloy wire, diameter per wire, overall diameter of conductor,AWG/KCMIL, weight/1000 ft, tensile strength and elongation. The defining parameters for self-dampening conductors and compact ACSR are: aluminium area, total conductor area, steel to Alarea (ratio), number of Al wires, number of steel wires, core (steel) diameter, overall conductordiameter, conductor weight/1000 ft length, ratio of Al weight to total weight, tensile strengthand elongation.
17) What are the different types of cable splices and terminations?
The different types of cable splices are: tapped, heat shrinkable and cold shrinkable. The majorcomponents of a splice are: cable adapters, splice housing, conductor contact, conductive insert,retaining rings/tube, interference fit and grounding eye. The different types of cableterminations are: the fully taped, moulded stress cone and tape, one piece moulded cabletermination, porcelain terminators, heat shrinkables and potheads.
18) What are the different types of connectors and elbows?
The different types of connectors are: the mechanical (for Al and/or Cu conductors), thecompression, the wedge (to connect main conductors to taps), hot line clamps (the mainoverhead to equipment connection) and the stirrups (wedged or bolted). The two types of separable connectors (elbows) are the dead break and load break. The major components of elbows are: the connector, the moulded insulating body, cable adapter, the test point, the semi-conducing shield, semi-conducting insert, grounding tabs the pulling eye, the probe (for loadbreak, it is field replaceable with abelative material arc follower).
19) What are the design tests performed on the separable connectors?
The design tests performed on the elbows are: partial discharge inception and extinction levels(corona), withstand power frequency voltage capability (a.c. and d.c.), impulse voltagewithstand level, short time current rating, switching test, fault closure rating, current cycling forinsulated and uninsulated connectors, cable pullout from elbow (connector), operating force,pulling eye operation, test point cap pulling test, shielding test, interchangeability, acceleratedthermal and sealing life, test point capacitance (voltage presence indication) test.
20) What are the different types of insulators, their material and characteristics?
The different types of insulators are: the pin, the suspension and the post (vertical andhorizontal). The different insulators materials are: porcelain, glass, fibreglass, polymer andsilicone. The properties of insulators can be broadly classified into: mechanical, electrical,environmental and maintenance. The mechanical can further be classified into: different loadsthe insulators is subjected to due to weights of supported components, short circuit, ice, etc.(normal, design, cyclic, torsional, overloads – exceptional), safety factors, single or multipleinsulator assemblies and aging effect on strength of insulator. The electrical parameters definingthe insulators are: BIL, power frequency withstandability (dry, wet and flashover level), leakagedistance, power arcs effect, performance under steep front voltage wave, clearances andperformance under contamination. The environmental


What'S Another Word For Cherish?
How do you use the word cherish?
Sentence ExamplesI want to protect and cherish you.When the World War broke out Enver began to cherish strategical ambitions.Though in favour of national reform he continued to cherish a strong feeling of loyalty to the royal family, and on the trial of Marie Antoinette in 1793 bore testimony in her favour.More items….
What does cherish mean in relationships?
The dictionary defines cherish as "protect and care for (someone) lovingly", "hold (something) dear", "keep a hope or ambition in someone's mind".
How do you cherish a man?
What is another word for stagnant?
What is another word for stagnant?stillmotionlessdeadstaticstationarytorpididleunmovingsluggishinactive73 more rows
Why do you cherish someone?
When you cherish someone, you let them know every day that you care for them and are glad to have them in your life, you make them feel on top of the world, you do things for them to make them feel good, you make every effort to meet their needs, you are kind and thoughtful and do not take your better half for granted, …
How do you cherish a woman?
What does royalty mean?
What is the synonym of cherished?
Some common synonyms of cherish are appreciate, prize, treasure, and value. While all these words mean "to hold in high estimation," cherish implies a special love and care for something.
What is the antonym for cherish?
What is the opposite of cherish?despisehaterenouncescornstarvelet goturn awayshunoverlookdiscount124 more rows
What's a big word for special?
Some common synonyms of special are especial, individual, particular, and specific.
What is another word for experience?
What is another word for experience?knowledgeskillwisdomexpertiseexposurefamiliarityinvolvementproficiencyskillscapability220 more rows
What does it mean to cherish something?
Cherish means to treasure—to hold or treat something as dear and often loved. The word implies a deep and active appreciation of the person or thing that's cherished. … Example: I love my grandma so much and cherish the time we get to spend together.
Is cherish the same as love?
To cherish someone means to treat them with affection and tenderness, to hold them dear – close to our hearts. To me "cherish" implies gentleness, tenderness, respect and friendship; purity of emotion…. … We all crave to be cherished by our friends, family and loved ones.
What's a better word for amazing?
In this page you can discover 53 synonyms, antonyms, idiomatic expressions, and related words for amazing, like: astonishing, incredible, astounding, wondrous, fantastical, prodigious, phenomenal, marvelous, miraculous, stupendous and unbelievable.
How do you cherish memories?
You're much more likely to remember something if you really wanted it to happen. Do what you can — everything you can — to make it happen. Memories of others are more vivid when those others are vivid, when there is enough emotional light. Light up the people around you, make them bright, make them glow.


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Checking for Corrosion
Definition - What does Checking for Corrosion mean?
Checking, in the context of corrosion engineering, is the comprehensive monitoring of all vital elements in an industrial setting. Components that can be under checking include equipment, assets and facilities that may have signs of damage or corrosion.
For more dependable checking, it is essential to define the rate, location and the principal causes of corrosion.
Corrosion checking may also be known as corrosion inspection.
Corrosionpedia explains Checking for Corrosion
In checking for corrosion, all components that are non-conforming are detected, as these are prone to higher rates of corrosion, which may lead to failure. By monitoring, industries can have a major advantage in terms of preventive maintenance and promoting safety. Depending on the results of the checking program, sound decisions can be created.
Furthermore, checking extends the remaining life of equipment, systems or other items that are targeted by corrosion. This process also aids in choosing the right material and achieving cost effectiveness in dealing with corrosion problems.
In checking, these activities are usually involved:
- Defining critical elements
- Identification of the composition of components
- Gauging the location and degree of corrosion
- Pointing out mechanical failure
- Identifying the fitness for a reliable service situation
- Scheduling inspection
- Creation of recommendations to correct issues
- Development of strategies that mitigate corrosion


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For the PDF version of this article, click here.
The increasing complexity of automotive electronic systems has spurred automotive companies and their electronics suppliers to explore and adapt approaches that have proven to be successful in other markets. Traditionally, automotive electronics suppliers, especially those that supply directly to automotive companies, have extensively used custom semiconductors for many portions of their designs. Their volumes and system design methodology allowed this process to work in the past.
Today's automotive electronic systems have increasing requirements for shorter design cycles and the need to verify the interoperability of the entire system with production-ready hardware as soon as possible. Accompanying this faster time to market is increased pressure in quality performance where zero defects are now required. Consequently, this shorter time frame requires a different design methodology, especially for the power control portion of the system.
In addition, design methodology for the entire system is changing. It has historically depended on hardware and software for differentiation. The future is more hardware commonality and increased software differentiation.
The new approach dictates that the integrated circuit (IC) supplier have insight into the application, system knowledge, the range of essential technologies and products, and more than a passing familiarity into their automotive electronics customers' requirements for next-generation products. The combination of all of these factors has created a transition to application-specific standard products (ASSPs) for automotive systems.
ADVANTAGES OF THE ASSP
The automotive ASSP is an off-the-shelf IC solution designed specifically for the unique requirements in a specific automotive application. Because it is available immediately, it can help to reduce the system design cycle time. The ASSP is one of the direct results of the emergence of software as the differentiating force in system design. Software has reduced the importance of designing a custom IC for those hardware circuits that interface to the external components to differentiate one end customer's product from another. The hardware, especially the power control portion, must meet the requirements of the application, but it is not that different from one user to the next. As a result, the custom IC does not provide the value that it previously did.
Market segments with frequent introductions of new products such as consumer areas of cell phones and computers pioneered the ASSP approach to replace application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs). The earliest ASSP products appeared in the mid-1990s.
Figure 1 shows how an ASSP process differs from developing an ASIC.
For a custom ASIC, the customer must pay non-recurring engineering (NRE) charges but obtains entire control of the specification. Since the customer may not know the semiconductor manufacturing pro-cess trade-offs as well as the supplier, finalizing the specification and other design aspects can increase the development cycle. With the semiconductor design team dedicated to a single project, lower R&D efficiency typically results. The overall risk to the supplier and the customer is higher, since the project is usually one of the critical path items in the overall system development cycle. Additionally, proving or debugging each IC in the application increases ramp-up risks.
For the ASSP, a lead customer typically works closely with the supplier. The supplier writes the specification for the product but the lead customer has a strong influence on the spec. This reduces the customer's time to market and provides an advantage over their competition. The approach eliminates or greatly reduces NRE charges. The entire market, and especially an early follower, benefits from the economies of scale that result from high volume usage that also drives continuous improvement in manufacturing processes resulting in high quality levels. The entire process results in a lower burden on customer engineering resources such as defining specifications and debugging issues. Furthermore, proven ASSPs help to minimize quality risks related to launching a new IC in the market. The bugs are understood and fixed once, providing an established product required for zero defects.
Looking more closely at the specific advantages and disadvantages of the ASSP vs. a custom IC or ASIC, Figure 2 provides a quick comparison of the trade offs. Customers who choose a custom IC approach obtain the highest level of integration and minimize the number of devices and board space. However, they experience a longer development cycle, increased risk and limited flexibility. Since a custom IC requires very high volume, many customers do not qualify for this approach. For those with sufficient volume, each IC has a small market segment so production volumes are limited.
In contrast, an ASSP provides off-the-shelf availability, a standard part for each application, so the customer can quickly prototype a new design and lower the development risk. While the integration level may be lower for the ASSP, the flexibility of the ASSP approach provides a compelling factor in the ASSP's favor. Both tier 1 and tier 2 automotive suppliers are ideal candidates for the ASSP approach.
In body electronics, several different motor loads provide ideal candidates for the ASSP approach. Figure 3 shows the motor controls in a door zone module, including the TLE 8201. This ASSP can control central lock, deadlock or mirror fold, mirror position, mirror defrost and up to four 5 W lamps, such as turn signal, courtesy/warning or control panel illumination.
The block diagram of the door module ASSP, shown in Figure 4, identifies the outputs and integrated control circuitry. The outputs are:
- full bridge (150 mΩ) for main doorlock motor;
- two half-bridges (400 mΩ) for deadbolt and mirror position motor or mirror fold motor;
- two half-bridges (800 mΩ) for mirror position;
- high-side switch (100 mΩ) for mirror defrost;
- four high-side switches (500 mΩ) for 5 W lamps; and
- current sense analog output with multiplex.
All outputs have short circuit protection and an open load diagnostic. Overtemperature circuitry with warning protects the power stages. Exceeding the temperature of 145 °C (typical) provides a warning and exceeding 175 °C (typical) causes a thermal shut-down. Outputs are grouped with Group 1 including OUT 1, OUT 2 and OUT 3 and Group 2 including OUT 4 to 11. If one or more temperature sensors within a group reaches the shutdown threshold, all outputs within the group are switched off, while the other outputs continue normal operation.
For higher power motor control applications that operate within a current limitation of 43 A (typical), the high current half bridge shown in Figure 5 provides a cost-effective means of implementing micro-controller-controlled functionality. Containing one p-channel high side MOSFET, one n-channel low side MOSFET and the integrated driver IC in one package, the unit has PWM capability of up to 25 kHz combined with active freewheeling and a path resistance of 16 mΩ (typical) for the p- and n-channel combination at 25 °C. Other application-specific features include logic level inputs, diagnosis with current sense, slew rate adjustment, and dead time generation, as well as overtemperature, overvoltage, undervoltage, overcurrent and short circuit protection. The separate power devices allow substitution of other voltage rating and size MOSFETs without requiring a new IC design.
The increasing number of low side switches in powertrain control applications demonstrates the need for an ASSP with standard protection and diagnostics in applications beyond body electronics, as well as ease of communication with digital circuitry. Figure 6 shows a block diagram of an ASSP that can control up to 18 loads.
The monolithic, fully protected IC has 18 power MOSFETs that range from 0.35 Ω to 1 Ω per switch, a serial peripheral interface (SPI) for input and diagnostics, and internal logic for control. System-critical ASSP functions include over temperature, short to battery, short to ground and open load protection and diagnostics. In addition, 16 of the 18 channels can be controlled directly in parallel for pulse width-modulated (PWM) applications. The µS-bus for parallel high-speed PWM signals can provide a savings of up to 30 pins on both the power IC and the microcontroller packages. The µS-bus is one of three options the system designer has to control the power stages. Packaging for all of these powertrain control specific features is a P-MQFM 64-10 that has an integrated heat spreader to improve the power dissipation.
FUTURE ASSP POSSIBILITIES
Designers will continue to use ASIC technology to protect intellectual property (IP) in applications or to achieve the highest integration level and address physical size constraints. However, as customers shift from hardware to software as a means to differentiate their products, a design methodology such as the ASSP approach provides many benefits including reduced time to market. These advancements combined with new architecture approaches by semiconductor suppliers promise to reduce further the design cycle time and help system designers achieve long-term cost reduction and zero defects in their system.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Shawn Slusser is the director of power marketing, North America Automotive Market for Infineon.


text:
ER.134 was drawn up to provide a research aircraft to investigate the supersonic flight regime up to and possibly beyond Mach 2.5.
Ostensibly a research aircraft, ER.134 was to investigate the planform and construction techniques to be used on theAvro 730 supersonic bomber. One of the primary tasks of the Bristol 188 was to investigate how structures would stand up to the kinetic heating that occurred at high Mach Numbers.
After the Avro 730 was cancelled the Bristol 188 continued as a research projects developing the construction techniques required for high-speed flight. Constructed from Stainless Steel the 188 posed considerable problems to the fabrication engineers at Bristol Aircraft. Many new techniques were developed including puddle welding and heat treatment.
The Bristol 188 was to be powered by a pair of De Havilland Gyron Junior turbojets. These were a scaled down version of the Gyron, the first turbojet to be developed in the UK for supersonic flight. Unfortunately the Gyron Junior was to suffer from high fuel consumption, which would restrict the endurance of the Bristol 188, thus preventing the airframe from heating up to the extent required.
Various proposals to develop the 188 were considered including, ramjets, rockets, a fighter version and reconnaissance variants. One serious proposal involved the fitting of "wedge" type intakes, but all came to naught.
Return toRequirements or Gas Turbines


can be easily done with the R package gbm but I wanted to do the exercise using Python. Since learning several languages well enough is difficult and time consuming I would prefer to stick all my data analysis to Python instead doing it in R, even with R being superior on some cases. But having only one language for doing all your scripting, systems programming and prototyping PLUS your data analysis is a good reason for me. Your upfront effort of learning the language, setting up your tools and editors, etc. is done only once instead of twice.
Data Preparation and Model Fitting
The first thing to do is to load the data into a Pandas dataframe
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
columnNames = ['HouseVal','MedInc','HouseAge','AveRooms',
df = pd.read_csv('cadata.txt',skiprows=27, sep='\s+',names=columnNames)
Now we have to split the datasets into training and validation. The training data will be used to generate the trees that will constitute the final averaged model.
import random
X = df[df.columns - ['HouseVal']]
Y = df['HouseVal']
rows = random.sample(df.index, int(len(df)*.80))
x_train, y_train = X.ix[rows],Y.ix[rows]
x_test,y_test = X.drop(rows),Y.drop(rows)
We then fit a Gradient Tree Boosting model to the data using the scikit-learn package. We will use 500 trees with each tree having a depth of 6 levels. In order to get results similar to those in the book we also use the Huber loss function.
from sklearn.metrics import mean_squared_error,r2_score
from sklearn.ensemble import GradientBoostingRegressor
params = {'n_estimators': 500,'max_depth': 6,
 'learn_rate': 0.1, 'loss': 'huber','alpha':0.95}
clf = GradientBoostingRegressor(**params).fit(x_train, y_train)
For me, the Mean Squared Error wasn't much informative and used instead the R2 coefficient of determination. This measure is a number indicating how well a variable is able to predict the other. Values close to 0 means poor prediction and values close to 1 means perfect prediction. In the book, they claim a 0.84 against a 0.86 reported in the paper that created the dataset using a highly tuned algorithm. I'm getting a good 0.83 without much tunning of the parameters so it's a good out of the box technique.
mse = mean_squared_error(y_test, clf.predict(x_test))
r2 = r2_score(y_test, clf.predict(x_test))
print("MSE: %.4f" % mse)
print("R2: %.4f" % r2)
Data Analysis
Let's plot how does the training and testing error behave
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# compute test set deviance
test_score = np.zeros((params['n_estimators'],), dtype=np.float64)
for i, y_pred in enumerate(clf.staged_decision_function(x_test)):
 test_score[i] = clf.loss_(y_test, y_pred)
plt.figure(figsize=(12, 6))
plt.subplot(1, 1, 1)
plt.plot(np.arange(params['n_estimators']) + 1, clf.train_score_, 'b-',
 label='Training Set Deviance')
plt.plot(np.arange(params['n_estimators']) + 1, test_score, 'r-',
 label='Test Set Deviance')
plt.legend(loc='upper right')
plt.xlabel('Boosting Iterations')
As you can see in the previous graph, although the train error keeps going down as we add more trees to our model, the test error remains more or less constant and doesn't incur in overfitting. This is mainly due to the shrinkage parameter and one of the good features of this algorithm.
When doing data mining as important as finding a good model is being able to interpret it, because based on that analysis and interpretation preemptive actions can be performed. Although base trees are easily interpretable when you are adding several of those trees interpretation is more difficult. You usually rely on some measures of the predictive power of each feature. Let's plot feature importance in predicting the House Value.
feature_importance = clf.feature_importances_
# make importances relative to max importance
feature_importance = 100.0 * (feature_importance / feature_importance.max())
sorted_idx = np.argsort(feature_importance)
pos = np.arange(sorted_idx.shape[0]) +.5
plt.figure(figsize=(12, 6))
plt.subplot(1, 1, 1)
plt.barh(pos, feature_importance[sorted_idx], align='center')
plt.yticks(pos, X.columns[sorted_idx])
plt.xlabel('Relative Importance')
plt.title('Variable Importance')
Once variable importance has been identified we could try to investigate how those variables interact between them. For instance, we can plot the dependence of the target variable with another variable has been averaged over the values of the other variables not being taken into consideration. Some variables present a clear monotonic dependence with the target value, while others seem not very related to the target variable even when they ranked high in the previous plot. This could be signaling an interaction between variables that could be further studied.
from sklearn.ensemble.partial_dependence import plot_partial_dependence
fig, axs = plot_partial_dependence(clf, x_train,
Partial Dependence
The last step performed was to explore the capabilities of the Python libraries when plotting data in a map. Here we are plotting the predicted House Value in California using Latitude and Longitude as the axis for plotting this data in the map.
from mpl_toolkits.basemap import Basemap
predDf = pd.DataFrame(x_test.copy())
predDf['y_pred'] = clf.predict(x_test)
def california_map(ax=None, lllat=31.5,urlat=42.5,
 m = Basemap(ax=ax, projection='stere',
 lon_0=(urlon + lllon) / 2,
 lat_0=(urlat + lllat) / 2,
 llcrnrlat=lllat, urcrnrlat=urlat,
 llcrnrlon=lllon, urcrnrlon=urlon,
 return m
m= california_map()
predDf = predDf.sort('y_pred') # Useful for plotting
x,y = m(predDf['Longitud'],predDf['Latitude'])
serieA = (np.array(predDf['y_pred']) - predDf['y_pred'].min())/(predDf['y_pred'].max()-predDf['y_pred'].min())
# z =
z = np.array(predDf['y_pred'])/1000
c = m.colorbar(location='right')
c.set_label("House Value (Thousands of $)")
This blog post was written using Pylit as the tool for doing Literate Programming. The code can be seen here. I think that literate programming is way superior to other software methodologies like TDD when coding algorithms for data analysis. The main problem I find right now is the lack of proper tooling for really taking advantage of literate programming, but this is a technique that I'm definitely going to research deeper.
Categories: Data Mining Tags:,,,
Thread pool in C++
May 23rd, 2012 No comments
I needed to convert user ids spread across a lot of files into a fixed range [0..N] where N was the total number of Ids in the dataset. First I though that since those files came from a Hadoop cluster I should write a MR job to do the task. But since recoding ids needs a "central authority" giving unique ids without collision, MapReduce wasn't an option because MR thinks about each record as independent of the rest of records, so coordinating the assignment of ids is both difficult and unnatural in MapReduce. The naïve approach is to create a counter, loop through all the ids and whenever an id is not in the dictionary, use the counter as the new translation. See the pseudocode
int counter = 0;
for id in ids:
 if id not in dict:
 dict[id] = counter
 print dict[i]
But then you are wasting precious cores that could help you. My machine has eight cores, so for a task that runs in aprox 60 minutes, so after investing time in going beyond the naïve approach, I'm able to lower it to 10 minutes. That means that I can run tests 6 times faster, it will pay off.
Lookup table
So the first thing to do is to create a thread safe Hash Map. Most of the time the access will be for reading a value and less frequently for updating the data structure (in my problem I perform 250 reads for each write) so this scenario is ideal for a Readers-writer lock. I use the Boost Thread library with its boost::shared_mutex for getting the multiple access functionality. The class is something like this
using namespace boost;
class LookupTable {
 typedef std::unordered_map HashMap;
 HashMap dict;
 unsigned int counter;
 shared_mutex m_mutex;
 unsigned int translate(int number){
 boost::shared_lock lck(m_mutex);
 unsigned int result;
 HashMap::iterator elem = dict.find(key);
 if( elem == dict.end()){
 boost::upgrade_lock uLck(m_mutex);
 boost::upgrade_to_unique_lock uuLck(uLck);
 dict[key] =


My watch list
Prescription drug
A prescription drug is a licensed medicine that is regulated by legislation to require a prescription before it can be obtained. The term is used to distinguish it from over-the-counter drugs which can be obtained without a prescription. Different jurisdictions have different definitions of what constitutes a prescription drug.
Dispensation of prescription drugs often includes a package insert (in Europe, a Patient Information Leaflet or PIL) that gives detailed information about the drug.
Regulation in United States
In the United States, the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act defines what requires a prescription. Prescription drugs are generally authorized by veterinarians, dentists, optometrists, physicians and nurse practitioners, though physician assistants do an increasing amount of drug prescribing under a physician's supervision. It is generally required that an MD, DO, DPM, NP, DVM, DDS, DMD, OD, or PA write the prescription; basic-level registered nurses (as opposed to advanced practice nurses such as a nurse practitioner, clinical nurse specialist, nurse anesthetist, and nurse midwife), emergency medical technicians, psychologists (but not psychiatrists, who are physicians), and social workers as examples, do not have the authority to prescribe drugs.
Unlike most other countries, the United States does not have governmental control of prescription drug prices, and US drug prices are usually viewed as very expensive in comparison to those countries who do. For those with health insurance, many health insurance programs (generally paid partially or in full by the patient's employer) have prescription payment plans where the patient pays only a small copayment and the pharmacy is reimbursed for the remaining cost by the insurance company using the premiums collected from all of the insured individuals and their employers. The uninsured typically must pay whatever higher drug price their local pharmacy charges. Some indigent people can get assistance through publicly funded drug assistance programs such as Medicaid or private support through drug company prescription assistance programs.
The safety and effectiveness of prescription drugs in the US is regulated by the federal Prescription Drug Marketing Act of 1987. The Food and Drug Administration is charged with implementing this law.
As a general rule, over the counter drugs are used to treat conditions not necessarily requiring care from a health care provider and will have been proven to meet higher safety standards for self-medication by patients. Often a lower dosage of a drug will be approved for OTC use, while higher dosages will remain the province of a prescription; a notable case is ibuprofen, which has been widely available as an OTC pain killer since the mid-1980s but is still available in doses up to four times the OTC dose for use in cases of severe orthopedic pain.
Herbal preparations, vitamins, minerals, and food supplements are not regulated by the FDA, so the individual consumer must be aware of the potentially-negative effects of using these preparations and also the potential interactions with prescription drugs they may be taking.
In the United States, the term "prescription drug" is most commonly used, but they are also called legend drugs or Rx-only drugs, after the requirements of Federal and state laws that all such drugs bear a "legend" prohibiting sale without a prescription; though more complex legends have been used, on most original drug packaging today the legend simply says "Rx only". In the United Kingdom, they are referred to as Prescription Only Medicine or POM.
Regulation in United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, a patient visits a general practitioner who is able to prescribe medicines. If given an NHS prescription, this can be taken to a pharmacy to be dispensed. District nurses and health visitors have had limited prescribing rights since the mid-nineties where prescription for dressings and simple medicines would have had to have been signed by a doctor. Extended prescribing was introduced in late 1999, where appropriately trained nurses could prescribe from a limited list of POMs. From 2006, some nurses and pharmacists will be permitted to prescribe all medicines in the British National Formulary, except controlled drugs directly. Each item on the prescription is liable to a prescription charge in England and Scotland of £6.85 (as of April 2007), although many patients are exempt from this charge. This includes those over 60, under 16 (or under 19 if in full-time education), patients with certain medical conditions and those on certain benefits. However in Wales prescription charges have been abolished - a situation the SNP government of Scotland hopes to emulate within the next four years.
An HC2 certificate can be applied for — although not automatically granted — by those on a low income or in receipt of incapacity benefit. Claimants of "Jobseekers" and "Income support" automatically receive free prescriptions and dentistry.
Those requiring regular prescriptions may make a saving by purchasing a pre-payment certificate which covers the cost of all prescriptions required for four months or a year. This charge is paid entirely to the NHS through the pharmacy, while the pharmacy claims the cost of the medicine dispensed. Each "item" can cover any prescribed item in a very large or very small quantity according to the doctor's prescription. This means that the patients perceived "value" of the charge varies enormously - the actual cost of the medicine given out will routinely vary from a few pence to hundreds of pounds.
The majority of items dispensed on NHS prescription are exempt from charges. This is because of the large number of medicines needed by, for example, the elderly or those with medical exemptions. NHS prescriptions can also be written for certain items by dentists and nurses. Some patients also receive private prescriptions, typically either from a doctor seen privately or for medicine not permitted on the NHS. For these, the patient will pay the pharmacy directly for the cost of the medicine and the pharmacy's markup.
See also
Further reading
 - The Optimal Level of Regulation in the Pharmaceutical Industry (Yale Economic Review)
 - Jerry Avorn, Powerful Medicines: The Benefits, Risks, and Costs of Prescription Drugs, Random House (2004), hardcover, 448 pages, ISBN 0-375-41483-5
 - Prescription drugs find place in teen culture in USA Today, June 12, 2006
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Prescription_drug". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia.


Skip to definition.
Adjective: echoing e-kow-ing
 1. (of sounds) repeating by reflection
 "a hotel with echoing halls";
 - reechoing
Verb: echo e-kow
 1. To say again or imitate
 "followers echoing the cries of their leaders";
 - repeat
 2. Fill for a short time with sound and echoes
 "the hall echoed with laughter";
 - resound, ring, reverberate
 3. Call to mind
 "His words echoed John F. Kennedy";
 - recall
See also: reverberant
Type of: emit, go, let loose, let out, resemble, sound, utter
Encyclopedia: Echoing
Echo, Ontario


text:
MCC investments in roads cut across several sectors. In transportation projects, roads rehabilitation and construction primarily aim to lower transport costs by reducing travel time and vehicle operating costs; improve access to public basic services such as health and education, particularly for the rural poor; and facilitate international and regional trade. In agriculture projects, roads primarily aim to link producers to markets for their goods and to inputs for their production year round. In some cases, roads are a part of irrigation projects to provide access to, from, and within irrigated areas.
As of December 10, 2012


Kanya Puja: Worship of Young Girls During Durga Navratri
Kanya Puja is an age old ritual performed during Durga Navarathri.
Kanya is a virgin girl who has not attained maturity.
During Navrathri, each day a girl is worshipped. Nine days nine girls are worshipped.
It is believed that Virgin girls are more energetic in terms of Spirituality than Suvasini women (married women)
Kanyas are worshipped and offered new clothes and food.
Write Your Comment
 1. sai says:
 There are many reasons..why they are worshipped..
 everyday a virgin girl of different age is worshipped…for different reasons.Please read Devi Mahatyam for a deeper understanding!!!!


text:
Do you make it a practice to take periodic glances at the speedometer of your Toyota whenever you are driving? Well you should. Knowing whether your vehicle is running too fast or too slow is important, that is if you don't want to break any law and get traffic tickets. But do you know that vehicle speed is important not only to you but also to several components of your Toyota? In fact, a Toyota vehicle may even be equipped with two Toyota speed sensors just to measure the vehicle speed!
So, how important is speed measurement that every Toyota vehicle must be equipped with Toyota vehicle speed sensors? Well, let's just say that many mechanisms on your vehicle would rely on speed measurements for them to function properly. Various engine components, for example, would rely on the vehicle's speed for their timing and coordination. Speed measurement is also very important for modern Toyota vehicles equipped with anti-lock brakes.
There are two types of sensors that may be installed in a Toyota vehicle. The first is the Toyota engine speed sensor. The engine speed sensor can be found on the vehicle's crankshaft, made up of a toothed metal disk mounted on the crankshaft and a stationary detector that records the rate at which the disk is spinning. The engine speed sensor transmits this record to the engine management computer through electric pulses. In turn, the engine management computer would modify engine functions and initiate diagnostic routines using this data.
The second type of speed sensor that may be used on Toyota vehicles is the wheel speed sensor. This type of speed sensor can only be found on Toyota vehicles equipped with ABS brakes. The appearance and working theory of the wheel speed sensor is actually very similar to that of the engine speed sensor, except that it is located near a wheel and is used to record the rotational speed of that wheel. The Toyota wheel speed sensor would transmit the data it obtains to the ABS computer, which in turn would use the said data to prevent wheel lock-ups. In some vehicle models, the engine management computer would use the same data gathered by the ABS computer from the wheel speed sensor, thus eliminating the need for an additional engine speed sensor.


Software Downloads
DataAssist™ Software
DataAssist™ Software is an easy to use data analysis tool that utilizes the Comparative CT (ddCT) method to rapidly and accurately quantitate relative gene expression across a large number of genes and samples.
Core Workflow
The main steps in the analysis performed by DataAssist™ Software are:
 1. Read export files (.txt or.csv) from supported instruments and software
 2. Perform raw data QC analysis and provide associated plots
 3. Perform sample normalization for each assay
 4. Perform QC analysis on normalized data
 5. Perform relative quantification for sample comparison; perform t-test for sample group comparisons; and produce graphics to visualize test results.
Easy to Use
The analysis workflow in DataAssist™ is simple and straightforward, you can import raw data from up to hundreds of plates or TaqMan® Arrays, change analysis settings including selection of normalization controls and method (single or multiple control genes). It provides instant response and fast calculation, allows normalization using multiple reference genes, and provides analysis results in content-rich tables and scalable graphic charts that are easily exported.
Figure 1:
Control Plot
(click to enlarge)
Figure 2:
Volcano Plot
(click to enlarge)
The license for using this software is limited to data generated from Applied Biosystems® Real-Time PCR instrumentation.
Download Now
Register and download DataAssist™ Software


Music Performance: Combined Piano & Organ
Music Performance: Combined Piano & Organ
Hours77 Credit Hours
LEPLimited Enrollment Program.
Application Website
MAPMajor Academic Plan
Program Requirements
requirement 3 Complete 2 options
Complete 8 hours of each of the following divided between piano and organ:
option 3.1 Complete 8.0 hours from the following course(s)
option 3.2 Complete 8.0 hours from the following course(s)
requirement 4
Complete 1 hour of ensemble each semester for six semesters, including 2 or 4 hours from Category 1: Approved Large Ensembles and 2 or 4 hours of the Category 2 ensemble Music 344R; each 2 hours of 344R must be taken in consecutive fall and winter semesters.
requirement 6 Complete 1 course
requirement 8 Complete 2 courses
requirement 9 Complete 2.0 hours from the following course(s)
requirement 11 Complete 1 option
Present a juried recital (Music 249) during the sophomore year. A juried senior recital (Music 449) is also required.
option 11.1 Complete 2 courses
Note: Students must register for 449 before applying for graduation.
Program Outcomes:
Meeting the Aims of a BYU Education
We support the aims of a BYU education, to strengthen students' lives spiritually, enlarge their intellectual experience, build their character, and prepare for lifelong learning and service.
As reviewed and approved by the National Association of Schools of Music (NASM), all music students, through the core requirements of all music degrees, show proficiency in music theory, music history, performance, ensemble playing, conducting, sight singing, and music dictation.
Performance Preparation and Repertoire
Prepare performances at the highest possible level, including knowledge of applicable solo and ensemble literature, and perform from a cross-section of that repertory.
Music Pedagogy
Understand and demonstrate the fundamentals of music pedagogy as they apply to private and group instruction.
Music and Technology Use
Understand how specific technologies serve the student's chosen field of music.