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Developing European Standards
How is a European Standard developed?
It is the goal of European standards committees to base European Standards on International Standards without changing them. If International Standards do not exist, the objective is to work on a standard at only one level (European or international) as foreseen in the Vienna Agreement or Dresden Agreement and to carry out parallel voting so that the standard is approved simultaneously as an International and a European Standard.
European standardization work begins with a proposal for a standard, which might come from a member of the European standards organizations CEN/CENELEC/ETSI (such as DIN), the European Commission, or another European or international organization.
If the proposal is accepted, a sufficient number of national standards bodies agree to participate and adequate financial resources are available, CEN/CENELEC/ETSI allocates the work to an existing working group of the responsible technical committee, or sets up a new working group with appropriate experts.
One of the national standards bodies assumes responsibility for running the secretariat. At present, DIN holds approximately 28 % of CEN secretariats and 30 % of CENELEC secretariats.
In the absence of an International Standard that can be adopted unchanged as a European Standard, the responsible working group prepares a first draft (taking into account any International Standards that have already been published on the subject). This first draft might be followed by others until a consensus is reached on making the proposal available for public discussion.
CEN/CENELEC/ETSI begins the public enquiry by releasing English, French and German versions of a European draft Standard-(prEN). The national standards bodies have five months in which to send in their national view. In Germany a German-language draft DIN EN Standard is published on which anyone may comment within a two-month period (Draft Standards can be viewed on DIN's German-language Draft Standards Portal). The national mirror committee discusses all comments received and submits the consolidated national standpoint.
On the basis of the comments received, the responsible working group formulates a final draft in English, French and German. In a formal vote over a two month period, the members then decide whether to accept this final draft as a European Standard. In this case the draft must either be approved or, if not, then reasons for a negative vote must be given. Approval of the final draft is dependent on its receiving at least 71 % of the weighted votes of CEN members.
If the content of the final draft Standard differs substantially from the first draft, in exceptional cases a second draft Standard is published and re-submitted to public enquiry.
Ratification of a European Standard takes place automatically one month following positive voting. After ratification a European Standard must be implemented by the national standards bodies as a national standard, and any conflicting national standards must be withdrawn. Every approved European Standard is published in Germany as a DIN EN Standard with a National Foreword.
Since European Standards are expected to be developed within a time frame of thirty-six months, each stage is to be completed within a set time, though it is possible to apply for an extension to this period. If work is not completed by the end of the set deadlines, the work item will be deleted.
There are other European standardization deliverables that differ from European Standards in the way they are developed, the time frame for their development, and the degree to which they are binding:
- European Technical Specification (CEN/TS)
- European Technical Report (CEN/TR)
- CEN Workshop Agreement (CWA)


3D Font
2016, digital print, typography exploration
3D Font Desires is a text-based, ongoing series that uses language as its subject matter. By marrying graphic design with typography, the artist creates a series of "simple words" that explore the underpinnings of daily life and its taboos. Constructed out of modular geometric shapes, words like puta, beso, amor and sexo, weigh heavily on the picture plane, and in our minds, to emphasize the unspoken. Bold and bright, each word becomes an object that portrays cravings that people are too ashamed or scared to express.
mexican | C O N N E C T | _USER_
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June 8, 2007 How do sweet children turn into delinquents seemingly right before our eyes? A unique study appearing in the June issue of Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science, shows that, in children, a highly reactive autonomic nervous system, which regulates our cardiovascular, digestive and respiratory functions, paired with a stressful family environment leads to increased instances of maladaptive personality change.
Rutgers University psychologist, Daniel Hart, and colleagues Nancy Eisenberg and Carlos Valiente of Arizona State University, used a Skin Conductance Response (SCR) test to assess 138 elementary school aged children. SCR is a frequently used as an appraisal of autonomic arousal in humans and, specifically, measures the amount of sweat on the participant's palm when exposed to stressful stimuli.
In this case, the children watched a video of a dolphin swimming in the ocean so that the researchers could collect their baseline stress response. Next, they watched a second, more stressful, film involving a lamp causing a fire in a girl's room, which elicited their normal autonomic arousal patterns under stress.
The results show that the combination of high SCR and high family risk predicted substantial increases in personality change and behavior problems. The researchers observed the children four separate times over the course of six years, making this the first study to show that the interaction of family adversity with a biological characteristic is associated with longitudinally measured change in childhood personality.
Other social bookmarking and sharing tools:
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Cradleboards were given to young girls to play with to help develop skills used when adulthood was reached. This cradleboard was made for a child. The cradle sack is made from red trade cloth and holds a cotton fabric doll. The facial features of the doll are hand embroidered and have human hair braids. On the left hand side of the board, just out of view, is a small beaded pouch that represents where the umbilical cord was kept. The only time the umbilical cord could be removed from the pouch, was if the child faced a life-threatening illness. The Medicine man or woman would use it in their healing.
Bison (Bos bison) Buckskin, wood, tradecloth, glass beads, hair. L 68.3, 31.2 cm
Nez Perce National Historical Park, NEPE 1629


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Mental Health Education, Outreach and Consultation
The Counseling Center provides mental health education, outreach and consultation throughout the year. Here are some typical topics that have been requested in the past:
- Drug and alcohol education.
- Sexual assault awareness.
- Stress management and wellness awareness activities.
- Lectures and presentations to classes and specialized groups.
- Brochures and literature on a variety of mental health topics.
For questions or to request a program, please call the Kean Counseling Center at _PHONE_

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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You are hereGeneral French Course in France | Online French lesson by videoconference with IFALPES
Online French lesson by videoconference with IFALPES
Thanks to one-to-one videoconferencing lessons with our native speaking language tutors, you will make quick progress and become more fluent in French.
One-to-one French lessons. One lesson : 30 minutes.
Lessons via videoconference or Skype
You choose your teacher
French native speakers teachers
Flexibility of schedule
- A broadband Internet access
- A computer equipped with a webcam
- A headset and microphone
|Number of lessons*||Total time
* 1 lesson = 30 minutes
** +40€ of booking fees
Once we receive your registration and the 190€ deposit, we will contact you to finalize your booking. Your account will be created once the balance for the course is paid (either by wire transfer or credit card).


How are Juice Plus+ capsules made?
We are crazy about fruits, vegetables and berries.
Our goal is to give you the best that fresh, ripened fruits, vegetables and berries have to offer. This is how we do it!
Step 1: We love our farmers.
We partner with family farmers, who take pride in their seeds, fields and orchards, growing the amazing fruits, vegetables and berries that go into our capsules.
Harvest ripe Cranberries
Step 2: Our farmers harvest at the peak of ripeness.
We wait until mother nature has done her job and allow the fruits and vegetables to ripen. By harvesting the fully ripened produce, we capture the maximum nutrition possible.
Step 3: The "quick freeze."
If our farms aren't close enough to where we make the capsules, we take that wonderfully ripened produce and give it the "quick freeze", also known as IQF (individual quick freeze) by the product nerds. This ensures we don't lose any valuable nutrients along the way as we prepare for the next step.
Step 4: Create fruit, vegetable and berry powders.
We selected 30 different fruits, vegetable and berries for our three blends. We juice the whole fruit, vegetable or berry, including peels, leaves and seeds whenever possible, to harvest the greatest amount of nutrients. We dry to remove water and create the colorful powders.
Step 5: Protect the plant-based goodness.
The powders are kept in a vegan capsule and preserved in special bottles that keep it protected from moisture and oxygen, ensuring that it stays fresh from our storage facility and all the way to your door.
Et Voilà! (And there you have it!)
Beautiful fruit, vegetable and berry capsules to help you build a solid nutritional foundation!


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Mental Health First Aid
Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) is a 12-hour training certification course designed to give members of the public key skills to help someone who is developing a mental health problem or experiencing a mental health crisis. Research evidence demonstrates that participating in the course improves knowledge of mental health conditions, reduces stigma, and increases the amount of help provided to others—helping the public identify, understand and respond appropriately to signs of mental illness. Like CPR training helps a non-medical professional assist an individual following a heart attack, Mental Health First Aid training helps an individual who doesn't have clinical training assist someone who's experiencing mental health difficulties.
Mental Health First Aiders learn to apply a single strategy in helping someone through a panic attack, engaging with someone who may be suicidal, supporting a person experiencing psychosis and helping an individual who has overdosed.
The MHFA five-part action plan is known as A-L-G-E-E:
A ssess for risk of suicide or harm
L isten non-judgmentally
G ive reassurance and information
E ncourage self-help and other support strategies
E ncourage appropriate professional help
The National Council for Community Behavioral Healthcare, the Maryland State Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, and the Missouri Department of Mental Health worked with the program's founders to bring Mental Health First Aid to the U.S. and now administer its operation in this country.
DBSA is proud to offer Mental Health First Aid training courses by using teams of consumers—the ultimate experts in the experience of mental illnesses and substance use—and clinicians to train key members of the public in Mental Health First Aid skills. This partnership between those who live with these conditions and those who seek to support their recovery adds immeasurably to the legitimacy and power of this public education effort. For more information on Mental Health First Aid, visit _URL_
Two Ways to Participate
Join Our Peer Partnership Mailing List


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Associate Professor of Computer Science, Hakim Weatherspoon, and Associate Professor of Information Science, Phoebe Sengers have received a major National Science Foundation (NSF) Award to explore the social impact of networked farms. In a project entitled "Understanding and Improving the Social Impact of High-Bandwidth Farm Networking Infrastructure," the investigators explain:
The goals of this project are to (1) investigate the potential social impact of ubiquitous, low-cost, high-bandwidth communication infrastructure on America's farms, and (2) develop options for improving the social impact of these technologies. New networking solutions to support high-bandwidth on-farm data communication will enable the collection of massive amounts of sensor data, its transmission to the cloud or other servers, and its processing and use for agricultural decisionmaking. These shifts stand poised to transform agricultural production and economic organization. This project will pursue values in design research into next generation network solutions for agriculture, as well as empirical research with agricultural stakeholders currently engaging information-rich approaches to farm management. The project will integrate concerns of agribusiness stakeholders into the early stages of on-farm networking development; foster informed discussion among technical, agricultural, and policy stakeholders about the potential social impact of this technology; and develop and disseminate practical policy and design options to improve the social impact of on-farm networking. It will support the training of students from underrepresented groups in research through summer research workshops in networking, design for social impact, and the futures of digital agriculture.
The research adapts techniques to integrate societal considerations in the early stages of technology design, in order to manage the specific challenges that come up in addressing the social impact of infrastructure. The project will (1) use ethnographic participant-observation in the development of farm networking technology and collaboration with technical partners to identify moments where technical decisions could be associated with social impact challenges; (2) conduct fieldwork with agricultural stakeholders to analyze how existing infrastructures incorporating analogous technologies are shaping and shaped by emerging social practices to create specific impacts; (3) develop future design scenarios that flesh out and concretize potential relationships between technological decisions, future policies and organizational practices, and the resulting benefits and drawbacks; and (4) use these scenarios to collaboratively identify specific technical, organizational, and policy options that could improve the benefits or reduce the drawbacks of on-farm high-bandwidth communication technologies.


12 minute read
Mary Eugenia Charles Biography
Learned Values from Family, Jumped into Politics, Elected to Lead, Formed Tough Government Policies
Prime minister
Mary Eugenia Charles led an extraordinary life as a pioneer among women and a leader of men. In 1949 she began the first female lawyer in the Caribbean. In 1980 Mary Eugenia Charles became the first woman to come to power in the Caribbean. As prime minister of Dominica (pronounced "Dom-i-NEE-ka"), she was the first woman to lead an independent nation. Her longevity and determination to do right for her people earned her the nickname "The Iron Lady of the Caribbean." Charles served three terms in office before retiring in 1995.
Learned Values from Family
Mary Eugenia Charles was born in Pointe Michel, Dominica, not far from the capital of Roseau. Dominica—not to be confused with the larger, Spanish-speaking country of the Dominican Republic—was a colony of Great Britain at the time of Charles's birth and remained so until achieving independence in 1978. She grew up with three brothers who all became doctors and one sister who became a nun. Charles's father, John Baptiste was a renowned businessman who speculated in land and founded the island's Penny Bank. He lived until the age of 107, seeing his daughter serve as prime minister for three years before his death in 1983.
Charles referred to her father in Ebony magazine as "a very, very great man. He taught me much about being tough when it counts, and about always being open and honest with people." In People she spoke of her mother as the primary influence in her life however. "In Dominica we really live women's lib," she said, "we don't have to expound it."
Charles, who never married and bore no children, began her education in Dominica. She completed her higher studies at a Roman Catholic convent in St. George's, Grenada—a neighboring island country. She became interested in law while attending trials to practice her shorthand for a required secretarial course. She then went to the University of Toronto in Canada to study law, earning her bachelor's degree there. She continued her legal education in England at the London School of Economics and Political Science.
Charles was called to the bar in England in 1947 as a member of the Inner Temple. She hoped to stay in London to further her studies of law in the field of juvenile delinquency. Her parents however convinced her to return to Dominica where she would be the only female lawyer. Charles returned to her home, and was soon practicing law in Dominica. Over the years, she became involved in legal cases in several of the West Indies islands.
Jumped into Politics
Charles first became involved in politics in the 1950s. She told Americas magazine that she "was a concerned citizen involved in what was happening in my country, and quite often I would write letters of criticism of whatever government was in power at the time." During the 1950s and 1960s Dominica moved slowly toward independence. By 1968 Dominica was an internally self-governed colony. Edward Oliver Le Blanc was the prime minister and a member of the ruling Labour party. Le Blanc passed a sedition law that prohibited the formation of opposition parties and attempted to muzzle the media.
Charles quickly reacted by joining with trade unionists, upper class professionals, and the religious leaders to form an organization called the Freedom Fighters. She made numerous speeches traveling the island to protest the law. "At that point," said Charles in Americas, "I made up my mind I would do everything to prevent that government from continuing to rule, because I felt democracy would die." Many of the Freedom Fighters formed the new Dominica Freedom party, a right-of-center party that represented the "traditional merchant and professional class in Roseau and non-agricultural areas in the south of the island," according to Patrick Baker in the book Centering the Periphery.
In the 1970 elections several members of the Freedom party were winners for seats in the House of Assembly, Dominica's legislative body. Although not one of the people elected, Charles was appointed to a seat in the Assembly as the Dominican constitution allows; she was elected to the House of Assembly on her own right in 1975 after Le Blanc had resigned and Patrick John had succeeded him. She was one of three Freedom party members elected that year. She was also chosen as the leader of the opposition party.
After Dominican independence in 1978, John, who began calling himself Colonel, attempted to make many changes to the country. He tried to sell 45 square miles, nearly one-sixth of the island, to a Texas-based business for development of a free port. He canceled the agreement after protests became very vocal. His government came under attack for business dealings with the apartheid government in South Africa. Government officials were accused of trying to set up a drug-trading zone in the country. John's government was often mentioned as being connected to the marijuana trade controlled by Jamaican-based Rastafarians.
Elected to Lead
In May of 1979, in response to a curtailing of press freedom and changes in the right-to-strike laws, 15,000 people—of a total population of 80,000—gathered to protest the government. Government security officers began shooting into the crowd. One person died in the attack and several others were injured. John's government fell soon after. An interim government was formed to last until elections. Hurricane David struck Dominica during this period, further angering the people due to lack of government response. In elections of July 1980, Eugenia Charles and her opposition Freedom party swept to victory in 17 of the 21 assembly seats.
Immediately Charles set about trying to reconstruct a government and an island, after the devastating hurricane. She ran into trouble immediately. The Dominican Defense Force was inventoried for weapons. Stories of officers selling their weapons to the Rastafarian marijuana growers were widespread. Eventually Charles disbanded the defense force. Several members were arrested as they tried to reach Charles's office. The marijuana growers, known as Dreads in Dominica, were under watch and attack. After two of their members were killed in a clash with police, a local well-known farmer was kidnapped and killed. Former Prime Minister Patrick John was arrested for trying to overthrow the government in separate charges. And finally, in April of 1981, a plot to overthrow the Charles government was uncovered by the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation in New Orleans and the Ontario Provincial Police in Canada. Eight Americans and two Canadians, six with ties to the white supremacist Ku Klux Klan, were arrested shortly before they were to take boats to Dominica. They were going to overthrow Charles, restore the John government, and receive preferential treatment in setting up businesses, including the development of a free port where gambling and drug trade would occur.
At a Glance …
Born May 15, 1919, in Pointe Michel, Dominica; died on September 6, 2005, on the island of Martinique; daughter of Jean Baptiste (businessman) and Josephine Delauney (homemaker); never married; no children. Education: University of Toronto, BA in law; further studies in law at the London School of Economics and Political Science; admitted to the bar in 1947.
Career: Lawyer in private practice, 1949–68; Lecturer, opposition political figure, 1968–70; appointed member, Dominica House of Assembly, 1970–75; elected member and opposition political leader, House of Assembly, 1975–80; prime minister of Dominica, and also Minister of Finance, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Economic Affairs, 1980–95.
Awards: Chair, Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS), 1983; Knighted by Queen Elizabeth of England, 1991.
The Dominicans arrested in the coup attempt were eventually convicted and sentenced to death by hanging. In December of 1981, an attempt to free John and others from their prison by a group of Dreads, or former Dominican soldiers, and American mercenaries was also thwarted. "I'm convinced one of the reasons certain people want to take over Dominica," Charles told Ebony, "is so they can turn it into a center for trafficking in marijuana and other drugs. I have said as firmly as I can that I do not intend for that to happen. I am not going to legalize marijuana and permit it to be sold openly on this island, and I'm not going to permit it to be grown wholesale for export. Dominica will not become a lawless place. We will not become the laughing stock of the world."
Formed Tough Government Policies
Eugenia Charles quickly began changing the way business was conducted in Dominica. She no longer accepted deals with people who wanted to avoid taxes. "I pay mine," she was quoted in as saying in Ebony, "so you must pay yours." She stopped granting waivers to businesses and immediately canceled all trips overseas for government employees. She instructed them to "stay home and do their work," Ebony stated. During her first term in office, Charles benefited from U.S. President Ronald Reagan's Caribbean Basin initiative. Money granted to the government by this plan allowed Charles to reconstruct Dominica's road system as well as rebuild the banana, lime, and coconut crops that were devastated by Hurricane David. By 1983 Charles had succeeded in lowering the inflation rate from 30 percent to less than five percent. Charles also created a budget surplus where only deficit had existed before her tenure. She followed recommendations of the World Monetary Fund and kept spending at a minimum. As she was quoted


Numerical solution of conservation laws with large variations in the local CFL number, requires impractically small time steps for stable, explicit time integration. Implicit time stepping with large time steps is therefore necessary but is computationally expensive and consequently limited to first-order discretization schemes. A numerical scheme that is accurate and at the same time allows large time steps is clearly desirable. We develop a numerical formulation based on the Adaptive Implicit Method (AIM) that achieves both objectives by treating implicitly only a few grid cells that restrict the time step size, and by using high-order spatial discretization in both the implicit and explicit cells. Our novel approach solves the fully coupled transport and flow equations with high order-accuracy within the AIM framework to reduce the computational cost and improve the solution accuracy. We show that high-order discretization is computationally efficient when combined with AIM and leads to significant improvements in accuracy compared to the first-order solution.
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USA Swimming publishes sets of time standards for various reasons. One of the reasons behind standards is their usefulness for setting goals. They are also used to control the size of swim meets,as each higher or faster level in the standards has fewer swimmers - as the standards get faster, less swimmers achieve them. Almost every swimming federation in the world uses some form of stepped standards within their system.
Standards can also be used to offer swimmers a general idea how they match up with other swimmers in their age group and between age-groups, but raw times works better within age-groups. In a general sense they can be used to compare swimmers in different age-groups with each other, but just because a swimmer has "AAA" times as a 9-10 year old does not mean that same swimmer will get "AAA" times as a 13-14 year old. There are several reasons for this, including differing maturation rates, changing interests, and even injuries.
Bottom line - Time standards are great for goal setting and somewhat useful for comparing swimmers in different age-groups, but not necessarily over the "life" of that athlete.
Percent of USA Swimming Swimmers by Time Standards (2009 Data)
|US Open or Faster||1.24%|
|Juniors or Faster||2.14%|
|AAAA or Faster||5.71%|
|AAA or Faster||13.36%|
|AA or Faster||21.55%|
|A or Faster||29.00%|
|BB or Faster||46.58%|
|B or Faster||52.44%|


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Teak wood is devided into several grades,which each grade has different quality. Those grades are grade A, grade B, and grade C, on which highest level of quality is grade A. the Indonesian Mininstry of Forestry conduct teakwood plantation on lots of areas in Indonesia to maintain availability of teak wood material. Because teak wood is one of Indonesian important commodity. Moreover, today the numbers of furniture manufacturers that has been using certified wood material is increasing, to participate in conservation and to maintain the availability of raw wood materials, which obviously affect the continuity of the furniture industry.
Furthermore, mostly buyers and importers from abroad, especially


For media companies, the fall TV season is when the rubber meets the road. Networks and agencies white knuckle themselves into a fervent state while they anxiously wait to see if audiences revel in their new program offerings. Meanwhile, agencies have already placed their ad bets and are intently watching to see what adjustments they need to make as the game plays out. Meanwhile, viewers hold all the cards, eagerly sampling the new shows, offering plenty of endorsement and critique along the way.
So with all this commotion around fall TV, what role does Twitter activity around new shows play in it all?
We dove into this question on the heels of the fall 2014 premiere season. We evaluated how Twitter TV activity, tracked on a 24/7 basis ahead of the premieres of brand new programs, could have been used to anticipate the sizes of the audiences that watched the premiere episodes of those programs. And in looking at the data, Twitter TV activity did prove out as an additional signal that could be used together with other factors to anticipate premiere audience sizes. This is notable because if Twitter TV activity could be used along side other data sources to help determine TV audiences, then agencies could fine-tune their buys before the premieres. Networks could identify potential winners and challenges earlier to maximize ad sales and course-correct marketing activities. And, to the extent that social media leads people to become aware of new shows, networks could leverage Twitter TV activity to better reach their intended audiences.
We analyzed 42 broadcast and cable series premieres, including Englishand Spanish-language programming, from late August through early November. To start, we looked for a correlation between how many times viewers 18-34 saw TV promotions for a specific program and the size of that program's audience for the premiere episode. Naturally, we would expect highly promoted programs to garner larger audiences, and that is what we saw. In other words, without including Twitter TV data in the analysis, we confirmed that programs that were promoted more substantially saw higher premiere audiences. To be truly useful then, Twitter TV activity would need to tell an additional story on top of what we already know from promotions alone.
So, can an understanding of Twitter TV activity before a premiere help networks and agencies to more precisely gauge audience outcomes than exposure to promotions alone? In other words, what additional value does Twitter TV activity bring in anticipating audience sizes?
To answer these questions, we created a model to determine the expected live+7 day (L+7) audience of 18-34 viewers using three variables:
 - Promotion activity: Commercial (C3) impressions
 - Twitter TV activity: Program-related Tweets (24/7 tracking)
 - Network type: Broadcast vs. Cable
The time period for both promotions and Twitter TV activity was the four-week period ending two weeks before the premiere date of each program, the same time period that was used in analyzing the correlation between promotions and audience sizes. We used this time period to ensure comparability across programs and to demonstrate that an agency or a network could potentially take action, in the weeks and days leading up to a premiere, using a similar approach.
We compared the results of our model to actual premiere audience sizes to understand how useful a similar model would have been at indicating premiere success. For example, the chart below shows that the model indicated an audience size of 1.5 million viewers aged 18-34 for the premiere of program A, almost exactly what the actual audience was for the premiere. While that audience size indicated by the model did not always exactly reflect the actual audience size of a program's premiere, you can see that expectations were directionally aligned with the actual audiences that premieres attracted. For example, this model correctly anticipated that programs A, B, C, D and E would be among the top 10 programs, based on their actual premiere audience sizes.
While this model is based on only 42 data points, the overall model and all three variables are statistically significant. The model explains 65% of the variance in the premiere audience sizes, compared with 48% using promotions data alone. So, these three variables together can explain nearly two-thirds of the difference in premiere audience sizes. Most importantly, an agency or a network could have used this model to identify the top 10 and bottom 10 program premieres more precisely than by relying on promotion data alone.
To be clear, the findings do not necessarily mean that Twitter TV activity causes larger audience sizes. But, even if the relationship isn't causal, our current and recent research efforts increasingly indicate that Twitter TV activity and reach data can help networks and agencies make superior, data-driven advertising and program marketing decisions.


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Newtonian mechanics - mass of rocket
A rocket having initial mass m0 kg is launched vertically from the ground. the rocket expels gas at a constant rate of a kg/s and at a constant velocity b m/s relative to the rocket. Assuming that air resistance is proportional to the rocket velocity v(t) with prop. constant k, find the velocity of the rocket at t=6s, and after the mass mg kg of gas is used up.
Let M be mass at any time t
M(t)' = -(at2)/2 + c
Solving gives M = m0 - (at2)/2
After this I'm not sure how to use the forces. Can someone help with the next steps please? Thanks.


Robot could open door to Great Pyramid secrets
An international team of scientists is putting the final touches on a robot to explore mysterious air shafts leading from the queen's chamber.
A tiny robot could help unlock the mysteries of the queen's chamber in the Great Pyramid of Giza.
Nobody knows where two unexplored air shafts leading from that ancient room lead. The hope is that the remote-controlled robotic tunnel explorer--which can fit through holes less than one inch in diameter--can drill through the secret door blocking the shafts and gather evidence that determines their purpose.
Leeds University in the U.K. is teaming with the Supreme Council of Antiquities in Egypt and a team of international engineers to construct the bot, which is also known as the Djedi project after the magician consulted by Egypt's King Khufu as he planned the layout of his pyramid. The structure was built over a 20-year period thought to end around 2560 BC.
Djedi robot
The Djedi robot has a micro "snake camera" that can fit through small spaces and see around corners. Sandro Vannini
The Djedi bot is equipped with a mini ultrasonic device that can tap on walls and listen to the response to help determine the thickness and condition of the stone, and a coring drill that can penetrate the rock (if necessary) while removing the minimum amount of material necessary.
It has a precision compass and inclinometer to measure the orientation of the shafts. Importantly, it's also fitted with lights and a "snake camera" that can see around corners--and hopefully yield new information into the curved air shafts, which were discovered in 1872 by a British engineer named Waynman Dixon.
During a mission in 1992, archaeologists sent another robot, named Upuaut 2, up one of the tunnels and found it blocked by a limestone door with two copper handles. Ten years later, researchers drilled through that door, only to find another one about 8 inches away.
"The second door is unlike the first," Egyptian archaeologist and Djedi project leader Zahi Hawass said. "It looks as if it is screening or covering something, and there are cracks all over its surface."
The Djedi bot, it is hoped, will make it through that second door, possibly by the end of the year, to reveal amazing artifacts--or, if Geraldo Rivera is on the premises to jinx the proceedings, nothing at all.
Great Pyramid
Another robot explorer is getting ready to tour the 4,500-year-old Great Pyramid of Giza. Nina Aldin Thune, via Wikimedia Commons
(Via The Independent)
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by Brian Tong


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The efforts to improve Serpentine Prairie are paying off. Last year I mentioned that the heart of the prairie would be fenced in for a few years. They have also removed the non-native pines that were inappropriately planted. This photo, taken March 28, shows the prairie awash in goldfields. Early summer is the best time to see the rare Presidio clarkia in bloom up there.
Goldfields (Lasthenia spp.) is a very hardy genus that often carpets serpentine soils. Naturally it deserves its name for that alone, but it also has a deeper association with gold. The Mother Lode, running along the western flank of the Sierra Nevada, is a major fault zone, long inactive, that once marked a tectonic suture. Hot gold-bearing fluids rose along the fault and infused the country rock. Serpentinite came up the same way, in the same places. Roadcuts along state route 49 expose lots of it. So where the goldfields blooms, the odds of finding gold are significantly better than chance. Oakland has a great variety of rocks, but no gold that I know of.


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The XSD sequencer included in ModeShape can parse XML Schema Documents that adhere to the W3C's XML Schema Part 1 and Part 2 specifications, and output a representation of the XSD's attribute declarations, element declarations, simple type definitions, complex type definitions, import statements, include statements, attribute group declarations, annotations, other components, and even attributes with a non-schema namespace. This derived information is intended to accurately reflect the structure and semantics of the XSD files while also making it possible for ModeShape users to easily navigate, query and search over this derived information. This sequencer captures the namespace and names of all referenced components, and will resolve references to components appearing within the same files.
The design of this sequencer and it's output structure have been influenced by the SOA Repository Artifact Model and Protocol (S-RAMP) draft specification, which is currently under development as an OASIS Technology Committee. S-RAMP defines a model for a variety of file types, including WSDL and XSD. This sequencer's output was designed to mirror that model, and thus some of the properties and node types used are defined within the "sramp" namespace.
The XML Schema specification is powerful, flexible, rich, and complicated. This means that many XML Schema Documents themselves are complicated. But it also means that there is a lot of variation in XSDs, and consequently there is a lot of variation in the output structure that this sequencer derives from XSD files.
ExampleSo before we get too far, let's look at an example XML Schema Document taken from the XML Schema Primer:
This schema defines the structure of several XML elements used to represent purchase orders, and describes an XML document such as the following:
The XSD sequencer will derive the following content from the above XSD:
The first thing to note is that the sequencer produces a node of type xs:schemaDocument that includes the mode:derived information (e.g., the time of sequencing and the path to the file from which this information was derived), information about the XSD itself, plus an sramp:description property containing the documentation content from any annotations directly under the schema element in the XSD.
Secondly, there is a node for each top-level element declaration, namely "purchaseOrder" and "comment", with properties capturing the element's name, namespace (not shown since there is no target namespace for the schema), and XSD type name, namespace and reference. The "comment" element declaration has a base type of "xs:string", whereas the "purchaseOrder" element declaration has a type of "PurchaseOrderType" (defined later in the XSD and in the derived content). Each node is "mix:referenceable" and has a jcr:uuid property, allowing the "purchaseOrder" element declaration to have a "xs:type" REFERENCE property pointing to the "PurchaseOrderType" complex type definition node.
There are also nodes representing each of the global complex type definitions, including "PurchaseOrderType", "USAddress", "Items", and "SKU". Each of these nodes has properties representing the complex type's features (such as abstract, mixed, name, etc.), as well as child nodes that represent the definition of the complex type's content (e.g., sequence, choice, all, simple content, complex content, etc.).
This example shows some of the structure that this sequencer derives from the XML Schema Documents. Our goal for this sequencer was to output content that reflected as accurately as possible the structure of the XML Schema Documents while also making the content easy to navigate, search and query.
Node TypesThe XSD sequencer follows JCR best-practices by defining all nodes to have a primary type that allows any single or multi-valued property, meaning it's possible and valid for any node to have any property (with single or multiple values). In fact, this feature is used when XSD files contain attributes with non-schema namespaces, which are then mapped onto properties with the attributes name and possibly-empty namespace. However, it is still useful to capture the metadata about what that node represents, and so the sequencer use explicit node type definitions and mixins for this.
The compact node definitions for the "xs" namespace are as follows:
These types use some of the node types and mixins defined in the "sramp" namespace:
ConfigurationTo use this sequencer, simply include the appropriate version of the Maven artifact with a "org.modeshape" group ID and "modeshape-sequencer-xsd" artifact ID. Or, if you're using JAR files and manually setting up the classpath for your application, use the "modeshape-sequencer-xsd-2.7.0.Final-jar-with-dependencies.jar" file. Then, define a sequencing configuration in the ModeShape configuration, using something similar to:
or using the JcrConfiguration:


Waves Intro Remote Lab  A gold star indicates high-quality, inquiry-based activities that follow the PhET design guidelines.
Download Sau puteţi descărca toate fişierele într-o singură arhivă.
Please DO NOT request edit access to the Google activity.
Titlu Waves Intro Remote Lab
Descriere This lab is inquiry based lab for students working remotely. Learning Goals: Students will be able to: 1. Make waves with water, sound, and light and see how they are related. 2. Discuss wave properties using common vocabulary. 3. Explain how changing the frequency and amplitude affects the characteristics of the wave. 4. Design an experiment to measure the speed of the wave.
Subiect Earth Science, Physics
Nivel High School, Undergrad - Intro
Tip Lab, Remote Learning
Răspunsuri incluse No
Limbă English
Cuvinte cheie Amplitude, Frequency, Light, Sound, Water, Wave Speed. Wavelength
Simularea Unde - Introducere (HTML5)
Autori Trish Loeblein
Email _EMAIL_
Şcoală / Organizaţie PhET
Prima transmisie 16.04.2020
Ultima verificare 21.04.2020


text: This seminar examines violence and peacemaking from a constructionist sociological framework. Interpretive, interpersonal, institutional and structural forms of violence are examined by reading personal narratives, testimonials and sociological studies. Following the insights of a wide range of thinkers, the seminar also explores the sense in which the violence implicit in knowledge and language may be understood as a core form of violence. Shifting focus to the study of nonviolence, the relation between dialogic understanding and peacemaking is then explored in reference to the work of Gandhi and Martin Luther King, Jr. The seminar concludes with a case study of the civil rights movement in St. Augustine, Florida.


text:
Herbal lore in witchcraft
Many witches most of whom were women were often consulted by others that would ask them to concoct a spell or potion to ward off others, bring them love or heal a problem or illness. The witch's use of herbs and plants were common knowledge and this herbal lore is still present today as a form of alternative medicine.
Some societies today still have what are know as medicine men who know the secrets of plants and herbs and these are seen in Australia, new guinea and Africa. Many plants used today in herbal cures are still linked to the witch and witchcraft, plants such as the foxglove for example is also known by the name of witchesglove.
This plant gives us digitalis and this is a drug which has saved many lives in those suffering from heart conditions, it was accredited to a Dr William Withering who acknowledged his debt to herbal witchcraft.
The full moon has always been associated with the witch and witchcraft and it is thought that at this time when the moon was full in the dead of the night witches collected the herbs and plants they used in their magic. The reason they did this was thought to be because at night plants have the highest content of drug in them.
Common plants used in herbal witchcraft
This plant is more commonly known as the deadly nightshade and is commonly found on old waste grounds and in old ruins. Folk lore of the past associated this plant as being the devils plant and the root of the plant is the principle source when preparing potions and tinctures. The berries of the plant are also used and these contain atropine which is used to alleviate spasms and to help with pain and inflammation.
This plant is more commonly know as the woody nightshade and is found in hedgerows, the drug solamine comes from this plant and solamine acts as a narcotic. Woody nightshade was commonly used for ailments such as fever, inflammation and jaundice and is also thought to guard against evil forces.
This plant is more commonly known as monkshood and was used for its poisonous effects where arrowheads were coated with it before going into battle, this plant is also thought to have been used widely in the concoction of black magic.
This plant is commonly known as hemlock and is found in meadows, hedgerows and on banks. The plant is easily distinguishable by its blood red markings on the stem and roots and it produces a drug called conium which is a powerful narcotic and sedative. When taken in large doses it is poisonous and this is the plant which is thought to have been used to poison the Greek philosopher Socrates.
Herbal lore in witchcraft
© Copyright 2006 Occultresearch.org - occult, cults, witchcraft & black magic - All rights reserved


with the same statistical properties. \( The higher the distance, the less similar the two networks. Possibly the first report of Rayleigh distillation relationships in ancient sedimentary rocks was the report by Rickard etÂ al. It has become standard in certain works on anthropology, especially to compare cranial shapes and deduce relationships of filiation between species of hominids. Starting only with the assumptions that the horzontial and vertical measurements are normally distributed as notated by: \(h \sim \mathcal{N}(\mu_h,\sigma_h^2)\), and \(v \sim \mathcal{N}(\mu_v,\sigma_v^2)\). 0. Note that all of these correction factors are > 1, are significant for very small n, and converge towards 1 as \(n \to \infty\). \frac{(h-\mu_h)^2 + (v-\mu_h)^2}{2\sigma^2} Even for an imaged scene which has a constant backscatter property, the image will have statistical variations of the brightness on a pixel-by-pixel basis, but with a constant mean over many pixels. Autocorrelation function of surface elevation (bold line) and its upper and lower envelopes (thin lines). To obtain this result, the instruction EditDistance[] calculates the Levenshtein distance between the two networks. Standing waves occur for radiation of a wavelength Î» only if an integral number of half-wave cycles fit into an interval in the cube. In general, minimum distances are compared to a, 2), the results of Weibull coincide with the corresponding ones obtained by application of the exponential and the. Maximum Likelihood estimation: Rayleigh Distribution - YouTube f R(r) = re 1 2 r2 r(r) = Z r 0 re 1 2 r2 dr = e r 2 r 0 = 1 e 1 2 r2 We will see the expected value in a little bit. The Î'34S values of remaining dissolved sulfate and average produced sulfide are shown as a function of the extent of sulfate reduction in Fig.Â 3 for a closed system. However, microbial sulfate reduction in partially closed systems can result in extreme fractionation in sulfur isotopes. Given the Rayleigh distribution, calculate the mode for the Rayleigh distribution. adjmatrixÂ =Â 1 - Unitize[Threshold[distmatrix, Quantile[Flatten[distances], 1/4]]]; GraphPlot[adjmatrix, VertexRenderingFunction -Â >Â (Inset[ima[[#2]], #, Center,.5] &), Â SelfLoopStyle -Â >Â None, Method -Â >Â âSpringEmbeddingâ, ImageSize -Â >Â 500]. Other articles where Rayleigh distillation is discussed: mass spectrometry: Thermal ionization: This effect is caused by Rayleigh distillation, wherein light isotopes evaporate faster than heavy ones. So for any number of shots \(n\), the expected accuracy is given by \(r_n\) follows a Rayleigh distribution with parameter \(\alpha = \sigma / \sqrt{n}\) where \(\sigma\) is the Rayleigh shape factor for one shot. \frac{2\rho(h-\mu_h)(v-\mu_v)}{\sigma_h \sigma_v} This closeness is tested in different ways. result rather accurate in describing the distribution of walkers at long times, roughly beyond 100 steps. In the physical sciences to model wind â¦ \frac{1}{2 \pi \sigma_h \sigma_v } If we want an atmospheric shader that looks good, we have to step up our Maths. The Derivation of the Rayleigh-Jeans Radiation Law Consider a cube of edge length L in which radiation is being reflected and re-reflected off its walls. Calculating distances between two satellite images. First, they can carry out a subtraction between the two images. This approach compares dissimilar and differently oriented spaces with distinct sizes. \frac{h^2}{\sigma_h^2} + A more complete derivation, which included the proportionality constant, was presented by Rayleigh and Sir James Jeansin 1905. By the change-of-variable formula we have, \(w_n = r_n^2 \Rightarrow \frac {dw_n}{dr_n} = 2r_n\), \( PDF(r_n) = 2r_n\frac {n}{2\sigma^2}\cdot \exp\Big \{-\frac {n}{2\sigma^2} r_n^2\Big\} = \frac {r_n}{\alpha^2} \exp\Big \{-\frac {r_n^2}{2\alpha^2} \Big\},\;\;\alpha \equiv \sigma/\sqrt n\). David Rickard, in Developments in Sedimentology, 2012. The measured signal amplitude has a. To deal with this, developers generally apply the technique of measureâcorrelateâpredict (MCP). The cumulative probability distribution associated with Equation (15.4) is obtained by integration of the function between zero and some value, V. This gives the probability Q, and that the wind speed is less than V, as: This formula can be used to calculate the probability of the wind speed falling in a given range. However, since analysis of the above-mentioned probability distributions is out of the scope of this chapter, indication on the performance of each probability distribution for various wind regimes may be obtained from some excellent reviews [13, 25, 26]. If the Akaiake and Bayes tests indicate that the adjustment is satisfactory, we can deduce the absence of any relationship between the two sets of points according to their position. First, they can correlate two potential fields, which are elaborated from data points [File 9] and were formerly put side by side.. Finally, this approach can be generalized in two ways. then the horizontal and vertical measures follow the general bivariate normal distribution which is given by the following equation: \( These correlations (best linear fits) are made for different wind directions and are used to correct the long-term records (say over 20 years) at the Met sites to the candidate site in question.
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Places in Esther
Download KML file of Esther for use in Google Earth.
Chapters with Places
 1. Esther 1 (5 places)
 2. Esther 2 (3 places)
 3. Esther 3 (1 place: Susa)
 4. Esther 4 (1 place: Susa)
 5. Esther 8 (3 places)
 6. Esther 9 (1 place: Susa)
 7. Esther 10 (2 places)
Place Possible identifications (tap to highlight on the map)
Babylon 1
Esth 2:6
 1. Ishtar gate from BabylonBabylon
Esth 1:1, 8:9
 1. pyramid at El-Kurru in EthiopiaEthiopia
Esth 1:1, 8:9
 1. panorama of hills in the historical province of IndiaIndia
Esth 2:6
 1. aerial cityscape of JerusalemJerusalem
Esth 1:3, 1:14, 3 more
 1. ruins at Tell HagmatanaMedia
Esth 1:3, 1:14, 3 more
 1. panorama of ruins at Persepolis in PersiaPersia
Esth 1:2, 1:5, 15 more
 1. ruins at ShushShush
Image Credits
Radomir Vrbovsky, Bertramz, AQEEL BAIG, Godot13, Philippe Chavin, Hadis Faghiri, Carole Raddato
This page attempts to identify all possible locations for every place mentioned in this book of the Bible.
The isobands you see on the map (gray areas with dark borders) attempt to give you confidence where a region is. Because many ancient regions aren't precisely defined, I consulted atlases to determine where the biblical region is located and used that data to build the isobands. The smaller isobands reflect more confidence that the given isoband is in the region, while the larger isobands reflect less confidence. Isobands are a kind of contour line that here indicate confidence levels.


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Friday, November 23, 2018
Why shouldn't you be a negative Nancy douche bag? Because science! That's why.
Simplified explanation on the science behind energy transmission using control theory as a way to understand the basic concept, and the laws that prove it true.
Let's use you as a starting point for reference here.
If your thoughts, words and actions are negative, your energy will thus be negative.
If they are positive, it will be positive.
No one decides this but you.
Our reality is a mirror of ourselves and our energy. Our energy is in constant interaction with the energy around us in the form of loops.
There are two types of loops that are created by an individual.
One is a positive feedback loop, and the other is a negative feedback loop.
Either loop can feed positive or negative energy; the denotation of the loop being positive or negative simply describes the affect the flow of energy has from source to subject (source being you in this instance, and subject being all energy surrounding you, which is any person, place or thing).
In control theory positive and negative in this sense refer to loop gains greater than or less than zero, and do not imply any value judgments as to the desirability of the outcomes or effects. When a change occurs in a system, positive feedback causes further change, in the same direction.
For instance in a positive feedback loop where positive energy is put forth into a positive subject, positive energy is expanded upon and returned, with overall positive energy increasing exponentially.
Conversely, in a negative feedback loop where we receive negative energy but choose to convert it to positive, amplifying our own, the positive energy we put forth into a negative subject will inversely affect the negative energy of that subject by diminishing it, making the negative energy returned less than its initial output. Eventually leading to its inevitable conversion to a positive state.
This is why when someone is negative to you, and you respond in like fashion, their negative energy you received is then increased by yours, and reflected back to them, which is then increased and reflected back at you in a perpetual cycle of amplified intensity. You're only hurting yourself more by doing this.
Whereas if you respond in a positive fashion their negativity is diminished, and given a long enough time line, will eventually fade.
So if you ever find yourself with negative energy, stop being apart of the problem and help become the solution. You're always going to lose until you adopt positivity. This is a fact of the universe.
Positive energy is love, and thus love will always have +1.
How can one be so sure that love will always have a +1?
This is why love will always win:
Because love cannot be destroyed.
Even in the most evil of hearts there exist a love, even if that is a love for evil, it is still love.
You cannot destroy energy, you can only change its form and if at the root of the heart of evil there exist love, it will eventually consume the darkness with its light, until there is only light.
Love is light.
Light is consciousness.
Consciousness is understanding.
Understanding is presence.
Be present in mind, body and spirit.
Be the solution, not the problem.
Whatever or whoever you believe God to be is irrelevant, just as long as you are conscious of the fact that God is love. Consciousness supersedes complexity.
So don't be a dick. Class dismissed.
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You are a written program, here is the source code.


Maternal and Child Health Bureau HomeModule IntroTable of ContentsGlossary
Training Module: Poor Growth
Anthropometrics: Weight, length, and weight-for-length
Choose a sectionSection 1Section 2Section 3Section 4Section 5
1. Anthropometrics: Weight, length, and weight-for-length
The three measures of body size shown on the growth charts for infants (birth to 36 months of age) are length, weight, and weight relative to length. The latter is an indicator of how the child's weight matches his or her length. Weight-for-length corresponds to body-mass-index-for-age in older children.
In children less than 2 years old, recumbent length is measured; in children over 3 years old, stature (height) is measured. For children between 2 and 3 years old, there is a choice. Either length or stature can be measured. To continue to use the set of charts for birth to 36 months, measure length; to use the charts for 2 to 20 years, including the BMI-for-age chart, measure stature.
CDC recommends using the BMI-for-age charts beginning at age 2 years because BMI-for-age can be used to track overweight into adulthood. On the other hand, for children between 2 and 3 years, the charts for birth to 36 month charts offer continuity with their earlier data and show data in a more expanded display that is easier to interpret.
In this module we use the charts of infants and children from birth to 36 months. These charts include weight-for-age, length-for-age, head-circumference-for-age, and weight-for-length. (The use of head circumference-for-age is reviewed in the module, Interpreting Growth in Head Circumference.)
Read more about BMI and weight-for-length
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text:
Cromwell's coach driver – a royalist's viewArt formed an important aspect of propaganda in medieval and early modern politics. Perhaps the most visible examples arose when rival claimants to the throne competed to mobilise popular support, or when dynasties such as the Tudors and Stuarts sought to depict their rule as being under divine protection.
Art as propaganda also served to strengthen the claim to spiritual authority of the medieval Church and of competing denominations following the Reformation.
Charles I - a royalist's viewIn its idealised depiction of kings as the guarantors of peace and the rule of law, coinage remained the most widely disseminated form of visual propaganda until the arrival of the cheap penny press in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
Popular books carried often-scurrilous caricatures and woodcuts to a mass audience in a time of civil and religious conflict.
Propagandists on both sides in the English Civil War of the 1640s, for example, galvanised their supporters with depictions of their bravery or exemplary piety, and warned that their enemies might expect divine punishment on account of their immorality and irreligiousness.
Significantly, images of King Charles I, who was executed in 1649, were reissued to warn against republicanism in the decades following the restoration of the monarchy in 1660. The purpose of such propaganda remains the same today: to instruct and motivate supporters and confuse, misinform and demoralise opponents.
In this exhibition
- Types and Techniques
- Counter propaganda
- Allied relations


text:
San Francisco Bay named 'wetland of importance'
Published: Thursday, January 31, 2013 at 4:50 p.m.
Last Modified: Thursday, January 31, 2013 at 4:50 p.m.
SAN FRANCISCO — The San Francisco Bay estuary has been added to a list of protected wetlands under a 1971 international treaty among 163 countries meant to limit damaging development along ecologically important waterways.
Ramsar Convention officials on Friday announced the U.S. government had added the bay as the nation's 35th "wetland of importance" under the treaty.
The designation means the country is committed to not promoting projects that alter designated ecosystems.
The San Francisco Bay estuary is the largest on the U.S. Pacific coast, and comprises 77-percent of California's remaining wetland areas. It is home to more than 1,000 animal species.
Melissa Pitkin, spokeswoman for PRBO Conservation Science, said decades of research informed this designation, and while it doesn't come with new regulations, it helps bolster local conservation efforts through international pressure.
All rights reserved. This copyrighted material may not be re-published without permission. Links are encouraged.


text:
Ethernet cables are the standard cables used for almost all purposes that are often called patch cables or fiber jumper. In an article "How to Choose Ethernet Cable", we know that Ethernet cables can be categorized into many types, like straight-through and crossover Ethernet cable, UTP or STP, Cat5 or Cat6, etc. But we know little about the pins and wiring in Ethernet cables and RJ45 plugs.
RJ-45 conductor cable contains 4 pairs of wires, each consisting of a solid colored wire and a strip of the same color. There are typically two wiring standards for RJ-45 wiring: T-568A and T-568B. What do they mean, and why they are important? This post will discuss the color diagram of straight-through and crossover Ethernet cable to help you figure out.
Straight-Through and Crossover Cables
Straight-through refers to the Ethernet cables that have the pin assignments on each end of the cable—Pin 1 connector A goes to Pin 1 on connector B, Pin 2 to Pin 2 etc. Straight-through wired cables see in Figure 1 are most commonly used to connect a host to client. For example, the straight-through wired cat5e patch cable is used to connect computers, printers and other network client devices to the router switch or hub (the host device in this instance).
While an crossover cables are similar with straight-through cables, except that TX and RX lines are at opposite positions on either end of the cable, in other words, Pin 1 on connector A goes to Pin 3 on connector B. Pin 2 on connector A goes to Pin 6 on connector B ect. Crossover cables are most commonly used to connect two hosts directly.
What's more, the color code diagram of these two cables are different. To create a straight-through cable, you will use either T-568B or T-568A on both ends, while to create a cross-over cable, you will wire T-568A on one end, and T-568B on the other end.
T-568B and T-568A Standard
T-568A and T-568B are the two wiring standards for RJ-45 connector data cable specified by TIA/EIA-568A wiring standards document. T-568A standard ratified in 1995, was recently replaced by the T-568B standard in 2002. The difference between the two is the position of the orange and green wire pairs. It is preferable to wire to T-568B standards if there is no pre-existing pattern used within a building.
Both the T-568A and T-568B standard Straight-through cables are used most often as patch cords for your Ethernet connections. If you require a cable to connect two Ethernet devices directly together without a hub or when you connect two hubs together, you will need to use a Crossover cable instead.
Looking at a T-568A UTP Ethernet straight-through cable and an Ethernet crossover cable in the above image with a T-568B end, we see that the TX pins are connected to the corresponding RX pins, plus to plus and minus to minus. You can also see that both the blue and brown wire pairs on pins 4, 5, 7, and 8 are not used in either standard. What you may not realize is that, these same pins 4, 5, 7, and 8 are not used or required in 100BASE-TX as well. So why bother using these wires, well for one thing its simply easier to make a connection with all the wires grouped together. Otherwise you'll be spending time trying to fit those tiny little wires into each of the corresponding holes in the RJ-45 connector.
Ethernet cable color-coded wiring standard allows optical technicians to reliably predict how Ethernet cable is terminated on both ends so they can follow other technicians' work without having to guess or spend time deciphering the function and connections of each wire pair. There is no technical difference between the T568A and T568B wire standard, so neither is superior than the others. FS.COM offers a full range of optical devices including fiber optic cables like LC-SC fiber cable, copper cables (Cat5/5e, Cat6), etc. If you have any requirement of our products, please send your request to us.


text:
Inland transport represents 40 percent of the total cost of moving West African cocoa and coffee exports from their origin to their port of destination. With so many landlocked countries this is a multinational problem, one that must be confronted on a regional or corridor basis.
The port-to-rail link, the first major weakness, is often inhibited by conflicts between rail and port jurisdictions over rail segments in port areas. The lack of integration prevents effective operation of the container trade, as containers are loaded and unloaded in port areas, exacerbating congestion. Some of the most successful rail lines in Africa operate in national corridors where specialized rail and port facilities are vertically integrated. Spoornet coal and ore lines and Gabonese manganese ore are two examples.
Another key issue is the potential role of inland waterways and their effective integration into the regional road and rail network. The vast Congo River basin, as well as the great lakes of East and Central Africa, were once key elements of the regional transport network; even today they provide very cost-effective surface transportation. However, they have been in decline due to the considerable costs and delays associated with transferring freight onto barges from trucks and trains, operations made necessary because of the long neglect of dredging, signaling, and port infrastructure—all necessary to integrate waterways into national transportation systems.


text:
AStuff LiDAR Object Processing Software
LiDAR Object Processing (LOP) software processes three-dimensional point cloud data from a LiDAR sensor to establish the ground plane and track objects above it. The software is modular by design and built for ROS applications. AutonomouStuff LOP works with the Velodyne Puck and Ultra Puck.
- Benefit from ROS integration.
- Perform ground segmentation, data clustering and object tracking with advanced algorithms.
- Uniquely track objects 360 degrees around the vehicle, and report the position, size, velocity, acceleration and age of each unique object.
- Tune parameters for ground height threshold, object height threshold and object point cluster size.
- See visualized 3-D bounding boxes around tracked objects.
- Take advantage of documentation and world-class support.
LOP modular software saves you months of effort:
- Creating custom ground segmentation software.
- Developing custom object tracking algorithms.
- Optimizing LiDAR data processing algorithms.
- Tuning algorithms for multiple sensors.


text:
Job classification is a system for objectively and accurately defining and evaluating the duties, responsibilities, tasks, and authority level of a job. The job classification, done correctly, is a thorough description of the job responsibilities of a position without regard to the knowledge, skills, experience, and education of the individuals currently performing the job.
Job classification is most frequently, formally performed in large companies, civil service and government employment, nonprofit agencies, and colleges and universities. The approach used in these organizations is formal and structured with pay or salary grades attached to the results of the job classification.
In summary, the results of a job classification create parity in job titles, consistent job levels within the organization hierarchy, and salary ranges that are determined by identified factors. These factors include market pay rates for people doing similar work in similar industries in the same region of the country, pay ranges of comparable jobs within the organization, and the level of knowledge, skill, experience, and education needed to perform each job.
Informal forms of job classification are used even in smaller and mid-sized companies and agencies to generate a sense of fairness across equivalent employee jobs. This form of job classification can be as simple as grouping similar positions in a broadband.
In a broadband pay structure, the numbers of salary grades are consolidated into fewer, but broader, pay ranges. In broadbanding, the spread of the pay ranges is wider, and there is less overlap with other pay ranges.
Broadbanding evolved because organizations want to flatten their hierarchies and move decision-making authority closer to the point at which necessity and knowledge exist in organizations. In flattened organizations, fewer promotional opportunities exist, however.
So, the broadbanding structure allows more latitude for the employer to make pay increases and provide career growth and development without the use of promotion to provide employees with opportunities.
Broadband pay structures encourage the development of broad employee skills because non-managerial jobs are appropriately valued, and skill development is rewarded. Additionally, a broadband pay structure is not as sensitive to changing market pricing conditions. As such, broadband pay structures cost less to administer and manage over time. They also provide serious non-promotional income opportunities for employees.
The Hay System
One popular, commercial job classification system is the Hay Classification system. The Hay job classification system assigns points to evaluate job components to determine the relative value of a particular job to other jobs.
The Hay method measures three components in all jobs: the knowledge required, the problem solving required, and the level of accountability. The Hay method compares the relative value of comparable jobs to maintain parity across an organization.
For the purposes of larger organizations with many departments and locations, union-represented jobs, and organizations with hierarchical rigid pay or salary grades and needed internal equity, a system such as Hay is appropriate.
Working with Hay job classification, an evaluator uses a job evaluation instrument or questionnaire that is filled out by the department requesting the job or evaluation. Trained to assign points appropriately, the evaluator assigns points to determine where to place a job in the job classification system. The placement of the job determines the pay or salary grade within the organization's compensation system.
Following a strictly enforced job classification system will safeguard employers against some charges of discrimination since the value of each job was determined apart from the individuals doing the job. It makes unfair treatment because of race, color, religion, sex (including pregnancy, gender identity, and sexual orientation), national origin, age (40 or older), disability, or genetic information.


text:
In a few science fiction series (the Star Trek franchise being the most notable), humans can mate with extra-terrestrial species and produce healthy children. This is, of course, absolutely ridiculous; species are defined by their inability to mate and produce fertile offspring with other species. Even taking into account the possibility of panspermia, a human would have more in common genetically with a daylily than with an extra-terrestrial.
Cross-species mating in Star Trek
In the Star Trek universe, Humans, Klingons, Vulcans, Romulans, and Cardassians are all cousins whose ancestors were deliberately sown across the galaxy, and can interbreed just as lions and tigers (or dogs and wolves) can on Earth, despite massive physiological (Klingons have two hearts) or biochemical (Vulcans have copper-based blood) differences. Because of Hodgkin's Law, not only Trek species but entire Trek cultures developed along similar paths. Notable products of cross-species matings include:
- Deanna Troi
- B'Elanna Torres
- Alexander Rozhenko
- Miral Paris
- Naomi Wildman
- Tora Ziyal
Cross-species mating in other Science Fiction
- Edgar Rice Burroughs' John Carter was able to father half-Martian children, even though Martian women lay eggs.
- In an effort to reintroduce the genes for telepathy into the Narn population, Ambassador G'Kar proposed paying human telepath Lyta Alexander for her eggs and even suggested that a "direct mating" would be an option. (Babylon 5)


text:
Animal advocates came together for World Vegan Day
Nov 3, 2011
People around the world who choose not to eat foods that come from animals came together to celebrate World Vegan Day on November 1, The Huffington Post reports.
In honor of the event, veganism advocate Colleen Patrick-Goudreau visited the Arizona State University campus in Tempe to discuss the lifestyle, The State Press reports.
Vegans avoid all meat, eggs, dairy and other foods that come from animals, and also stay away from textiles such as silk, wool and leather that have been made from animals, the news source reports. Many do this as a way to show respect for animals or to prevent animal cruelty or abuse.
"I think people are actually quite desperate to make a change to their diet, but we live in a culture where it is difficult to make compassionate choices and it is difficult for us to make the most healthy choices," Patrick-Goudreau told the crowd, according to the publication.
Other people do it to live sustainably. Lynn Peeples, a writer for the news source, reports that if every American avoided meat and cheese one day each week, it would have the same environmental benefit as removing 7.6 million cars from the road, because the production of these products requires the use of thousands of environmentally un-friendly processes involving pesticides, fertilizers, fuel, feed and water.


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1. Setting the Stage
Dying With Dignity Canada (DWDC) is a human rights charity focused on advocating for choice in end-of-life care and dying. Established in 1980, DWDC has a number of ongoing important purposes in its history including:
- Defending the rights of all Canadians who choose medical assistance in dying (MAID);
- Educating Canadians about their legal rights with respect to end-of-life choice;
- Supporting people who are suffering from a medical condition and wish to die on their own terms and extending support to the families and caregivers of these people; and
- Supporting health care professionals who assist individuals wishing to die on their own terms
DWDC is a leader in the dynamic assisted dying landscape. The environment changed significantly in February 2015 when the Supreme Court of Canada (SCC) issued its unanimous decision on the Carter v. Canada case. The justices of the high court decided that current federal law violated the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The federal government, under the newly elected Liberal regime responded with new legislation, Bill C-14. DWDC continues to focus on ensuring that Canadians are eligible for and have access to assisted dying in accordance with the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
DWDC relies on a strong network of chapters, councils, volunteers and supporters to achieve its mission throughout the country, allowing it to have a growing national footprint. Furthering of the advocacy, support and education in all parts of the country and reaching all demographics is key to the success of its work.
As an organization, DWDC is looking ahead with respect to its role and leadership, acknowledging key internal and external drivers of its vision and its work. Internally, the following factors will help shape strategic priorities:
- Talent Management: DWDC's talented staff needs to be supported with quality tools and resources and have opportunities to nurture their talents or grow into new roles
- Legacy Gift: a transformational legacy gift has enabled the organization to undertake more strategic, impactful work
Externally, developments in the legal, political, and health care landscapes are shaping both current and future priorities:
- Court challenges to Bill C-14: current cases such as Lamb v. Canada, Jean Truchon and Nicole Gladu v. Attorney General (Canada) and Attorney General (Quebec), and Christian Medical and Dental Society v. College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario (CMDS v. CPSO) are making their way through courts in BC, Ontario, and Quebec, which may impact MAID legislation and regulations in Canada. DWDC involvement further builds on established strategic partnerships with other key organizations.
- Health Canada Reviews: Bill C-14 mandated that a review be conducted with respect to three areas not included in current legislation: assisted dying with respect to mature minors, mental illness as the sole reason and advance requests. The reviews (without recommendations) were delivered by the Council of Canadian Academies in December 2018. All three reports are comprehensive, thoughtful and can serve DWDC as launching pads politically and legally to advance our key strategies over the next five years.
- Political and Regulatory Landscape: government changes at the federal and/or provincial/territorial levels are being monitored as possibly impacting on access to MAID. DWDC is also monitoring the health care regulatory landscape for developments which may impact access and care regarding training, standards and practices.
The demand for DWDC's leadership in the assisted dying space has increased alongside its capacity for deeper investments in its strategic areas of work. DWDC's leadership has identified these four strategic pillars of work:
1) Eligibility: Ensuring that assisted dying legislation complies with the Canadian Constitution and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
2) Access: Ensuring that Canadians can access medical assistance in dying in compliance with the Canadian Constitution and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
3) Support: Supporting people, their families and caregivers and health care providers as they explore end-of-life options including medical assistance in dying
4) Education: Leading education on advance care planning, patient rights and end-of-life options including medical assistance in dying
These pillars of work will be fortified and facilitated by strategic operational activators:
1) Talent Management: Investing in DWDC's talent, capacity and capabilities, including staff, board, and volunteers. Providing current tools and continued development for our team of talented, knowledgeable and caring staff and volunteers to ensure excellence for the community of people accessing DWDC support
2) Governance: Ensuring DWDC's effectiveness and accountability
3) Brand, Marketing and Communications: Supporting and amplifying
DWDC's advocacy and programs, and fundraising efforts
4) Fundraising: Optimizing DWDC's fundraising streams to ensure organizational sustainability and future growth
This five-year Strategic Plan sets out the goals and directions for the period 2019- 2024. It is an evergreen document, intended to guide, track and fortify the organization's ability to deliver impactful, quality results that advance Canadians' end-of-life rights.
2. Mission, Vision, Values
Through advocacy, public education and personal support, Dying With Dignity Canada ensures Canadians have access to quality end-of-life choice and care.
All Canadians have the right to choose their good death.
The values of DWDC are to be Person-Centred, have Compassion, Integrity and Courage, and foster Collaboration.
- Person-Centred: DWDC believes the person, be it the patient, the family and friends, or the interdisciplinary health care team, must have a safe and accessible experience with MAID. The context will differ, but DWDC's goal of facilitating that experience remains the same—to ensure the person feels heard, to ensure that family members and friends have the opportunity to access help for their loved ones, including grief supports and to ensure that health care team members are system supported.
- Compassion: DWDC strives to support people through the physical, mental and emotional pains and struggles that often come with grievous and irremediable medical conditions. The end of life is a time when people, their families and caregivers need warmth, kindness and support; the very principles that drive DWDC's programming. Compassion motivates staff, board and volunteers to alleviate suffering by working to overcome barriers to choosing a good death.
- Integrity: DWDC is committed to be a leading voice for protecting and advancing human rights for those seeking a dignified death. Integrity embodies the honesty, accuracy and consistency in advocacy and programming. DWDC is motivated by the principle that Canadians should have access to high quality, timely end-of-life choices and care.
- Courage: As a human rights organization, DWDC confronts challenging issues and advocates for the right to choose a good death. At times, its work has faced opposition, but the organization has persevered, guided by the understanding that the right to choose must be protected and human rights must be upheld. DWDC will continue to promote safe spaces for people to make the choice right for them and to support health care workers who are willing to help patients have the good death they desire.
- Collaboration: As the leading human rights organization for MAID in Canada, DWDC knows that the cause must be the priority and at times other concerned groups will have more visibility or influence. As a grassroots organization, DWDC values organizations who share this space and pledges to work in collaboration with them to protect the rights of Canadians, while seeking to work with partners across the health and legal systems to ensure a safe, accessible experience for people, families and care providers.
3. Value Proposition
A good death. Your right to end-of-life choice.
Dying With Dignity Canada champions end-of-life rights through advocacy, awareness, education, support and systems change.
4. The Big Strategic Goal
Dying With Dignity Canada will leverage its experience as the national human rights organization to be the leader for assisted dying and end-of-life choice.


Unlock These 6 Keys to Native-sounding Paraguayan Spanish
It's hard to be in the middle!
Sitting right in the middle of South America is a landlocked republic that doesn't always get the attention it deserves from Spanish learners.
When planning a trip or choosing a regional Spanish to study, you might think of Brazil, Argentina, Peru or Colombia before your mind wanders to the striking landscape and unique language that can be found in Paraguay.
We're here to set that straight!
Whether you plan on traveling to Paraguay, want to meet new Spanish-speaking friends or simply feel curious about variants of the Spanish language, there are many intriguing linguistic gems to be found.
Keep reading to learn more about what makes Paraguayan Spanish special and where you can hear it, plus six key pronunciation, grammar and vocabulary tips that'll get you sounding like a local!
Why Focus on Paraguayan Spanish?
 - Discover the Paraguayan language salad: Spanish, Guaraní or Jopará? The very first thing you should know is that learning Paraguayan Spanish necessarily means learning Guaraní as well. An indigenous language, Guaraní was established as a co-official language of Paraguay alongside Spanish and is taught in schools across the country.
Guaraní is spoken by the masses and is an undeniable part of Paraguay's identity, with politicians and the elites speaking it as fluently as the regular Paraguayan next door. Approximately 90 percent of the population speak Guaraní, although only an estimated five percent of the population is actually indigenous—numbers unique to Paraguay compared to the rest of Latin America.
The result is a very interesting mix of Spanish and Guaraní that ended up being called Jopará or Guarañol! Ready for a delicious language salad?
 - Appreciate the country's history and culture better. Paraguay carries the weight of a heavy history on its shoulders. Having withstood several eras of dictatorship, conflict with its neighbors and burdensome occupation, Paraguay still offers jaw-dropping natural and historical heritage today.
Perhaps one of your future travel plans could include visiting La Santísima Trinidad de Paraná near Encarnación and exploring the ruins of what used to be a small Jesuit colony. Looking to experience Paraguay like a native? Try drinking the traditional, incredibly popular and omnipresent tereré (infusion of yerba mate) or visit the murals and street art that brought Asunción a new breath of fresh air!
Looking for natural landscapes? Why not visit the dunes of San Cosme and Damian or the caverns of Vallemi? Paraguay gives you the natural, the historical and the urban, all in one!
 - Can you say "startup?" InfoCasas (rental and shopping for houses in Paraguay), Préstamos (banking and loans) and Nexoos (funding your business) are examples of Paraguayan startups that keep on giving.
A major producer of hydroelectricity and home to the world's largest generator of renewable energy, Paraguay offers a world of opportunity and challenge for entrepreneurs who dream of making an actual difference and escaping saturated markets.
Where to Practice Paraguayan Spanish
We'll teach you the ins and outs of Paraguayan Spanish below, but first: where can you hear and practice it? Check out these fun options.
Jam Out to Hit Paraguayan Music
A great way to start getting familiar with the sound and culture of Paraguayan Spanish is to enjoy catchy Paraguayan songs.
 - Into jazz and soul? Purahei Soul are likely to give you a healthy dose of Guaraní and soul in one serving!
Follow These Paraguayans YouTubers
Paraguayan YouTubers let you hear authentic, up-to-date local Spanish for free—and it's always fun, too!
 - Sin Jabón en la Boca (Without Soap in the Mouth) will give you the best of political, social and cultural commentary with a touch of humor and shamelessness.
 - Mar Joha will give you relationship advice, her experience with Paraguayan society and her opinions on dating and music.
Worried that you might not be able to understand these fast-talking native Spanish speakers? FluentU is a great resource that makes authentic Spanish videos accessible to any level of learner.
Each video comes with interactive subtitles. Just click any unfamiliar word for an instant definition, native pronunciation and visual learning aid. You'll also get links to other videos that have the word, so you can hear how it's used in different contexts or different regions. Then, FluentU's "Learn Mode" creates flashcards and exercises for the videos so you remember new words after you're done watching.
The videos are organized by genre and level, so it's easy to find something that works for you. Get started with this cute video about a young Paraguayan boy named Orlando, then explore the full video library for free with a FluentU trial.
Guara-what? The Ultimate Guide to Learning Paraguayan Spanish
As in any country around the world, Spanish won't sound exactly the same in all regions of Paraguay. However, there are some overarching tips we can share that'll make your life easier learning Spanish from Paraguay.
1. Vacuum Clean Your Letter "S"
Paraguayan Spanish shares some aspects of pronunciation with other Spanish-speaking countries in Latin America. That being said, Paraguayan people will often turn an "s" into a soft "h."
Talking to a Paraguayan friend, you may notice that the expression más o menos (more or less) would sound like "máh o méno." The word español (Spanish) would also sound like "ehpañol."
Other examples are estamos (we are), which would be pronounced "ehtamo," and hasta (until), which would be likely to sound like "ahta."
Can you guess how the sentence Estamos juntos y hablamos español (We are together and we speak Spanish) would sound? If you placed your bets on something similar to "Ehtamo junto y hablamo ehpañol," you're correct!
Check out how these tips would actually sound when spoken by a Paraguayan.
2. Pay Attention to "R" and "Tr"
In some regions of Paraguay, the letters "tr" as in trabajo (work), trio (trio) or trampa (trap) could be pronounced with the sound of a very soft, quick "tch." Think "tchabajo," "tchio" or "tchampa."
Additionally, it's not uncommon for the "r" at the end of a word to be strongly pronounced and somewhat exaggerated when talking enthusiastically, fervently or jokingly about a topic. Not only does this strong "r" sound flow easily within the language, it also helps the message come across as funnier or stronger:
¿Dónde está mi celularrrrrr? (Where is my cellphone?)
In some variations of Paraguayan Spanish, the "r" will be pronounced very similarly to English, and only in particular words within a sentence—you can see how that would sound by clicking this Paraguayan YouTuber's video and watching out for the 0:11 to 0:16 mark.
3. Get Familiar with Vos
If you plan on spending time with Paraguayan friends, you may notice they often use the word vos instead of to refer to "you," the second person singular.
The verb for this is vosear. The replacement of with vos is a major departure from Castillian Spanish and even from the Spanish of other Latin American countries!
Vos requires particular verb conjugations that differ from those we use with tú. For instance, instead of saying tú tienes, you would use vos tenés (you have). Rather than saying tú eres (you are), you would use vos sos.
Other common examples include:
 - tú hablas vos hablás (you talk)
 - tú pides → vos pedís (you ask for something)
 - tú comes → vos comés (you eat)
 - tú puedes → vos podés (you can)
 - tú pones → vos ponés (you put)
Do keep in mind that although intuitively the word vos would sound pretty formal, it's used in Paraguay informally, such as between friends or mother and child. Also, it's not unusual for vos and verb conjugations to get mixed up in the same conversation, sometimes by the exact same person!
4. Give That "Y" a J-twist!
Ready for a healthy dose of eccentric pronunciation quirks?
Think of the words Paraguay, Uruguay, hay (there is), soy (I am) or estoy (also "I am").
For words that have the letter "y" at the end, as in the previous examples, the regular sound "-ee" will do. You'll be safe!
However, when sneaking into the beginning of a word, it's extremely common for the letter "y" to be pronounced as a soft "j."
 - ya → would be pronounced "ja" (already)
 - yo → would be pronounced "jo" (I)
 - yacaré → would be pronounced "jacaré" (alligator)
 - Yugoslavia would be pronounced "Jugoslavia"
Remember: the final sound will always be a very soft blend between a "y" and a "j." Make sure you don't draw too much attention to the sound, and keep it smooth!
5. Swap Your "LL" for "Y"


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High-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry of gold and alloy clusters protected by hydrophilic thiolates†
In this work, we found two hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) columns for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) suitable for the high-resolution separation of hydrophilic metal clusters. The mass distributions of the product mixtures of hydrophilic metal clusters were evaluated via HPLC mass spectrometry (LC/MS) using these HILIC columns. Consequently, we observed multiple clusters that had not been previously reported for glutathionate (SG)-protected gold clusters (Aun(SG)m). Additionally, we demonstrated that Aun−xMx(SG)m alloy clusters (M = Ag, Cu, or Pd) in which part of the Au in the Aun(SG)m cluster is replaced by a heteroelement can be synthesized, similar to the case of hydrophobic alloy clusters. It is easy to evaluate the mass distributions of hydrophilic metal clusters using this method. Thus, remarkable progress in the synthesis techniques of hydrophilic metal clusters through the use of this method is anticipated, as is the situation for hydrophobic metal clusters.


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A key issue in dealing with marine pollution incidents is preparedness. Given the volumes of oil and other pollutants shipped around the UK and the turbulent, often unpredictable nature of our waters, marine pollution incidents are an unfortunate inevitability.
The UK has extremely well developed contingency planning arrangements to ensure that if pollution does occur, its impacts can be limited in the most effective way. The following contingency plans are regularly reviewed and updated with input from us.
The National Contingency Plan
Produced by the Maritime and Coastguard Agency, this plan outlines the roles and responsibilities of all key players in a marine pollution incident. This plan is reviewed every five years.
MMO Marine Pollution Contingency Plan
We hold the MMO Marine Pollution Contingency Plan, which outlines the procedures we carry out in case of a marine pollution incident. This plan is under constant review to ensure the best possible response.
- MMO Marine Pollution Contingency Plan (PDF 1.8 MB) updated 13 May 2013
Standing environment group contingency plans
There are 14 standing environment groups (SEGs) around the coasts of England and Wales. In addition, Northern Ireland and Scotland each have their own SEG.
Port/Harbour authority contingency plans
Under the Merchant Shipping (Oil Pollution Preparedness Response and Co-operation, OPRC) Regulations 1998, ports and harbours in England and Wales are required to have contingency plans ready to be implemented in the event of a marine pollution incident emergency. These plans are reviewed by the Marine Pollution Response Team and relevant local offices within the MMO.
Ports and harbours may also obtain standing approvals to use oil spill treatment products in specific circumstances without needing to apply for permission from us. Such standing approvals are considered by our Marine Pollution Response Team and local MMO offices, the Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquatic Science (Cefas) and Natural England.
Standing approvals are issued with strict conditions, usually including type and maximum amount of product to be used, and specific tidal conditions during which use can take place (usually on an ebb, or out-flowing, tide). Standing approvals are available to view as a list, or as an interactive map.
Offshore installation plans
A proportion of oil pollution emergency plans (OPEPs) for offshore installations (oil and gas rigs and offshore wind farms) in English and Welsh waters are seen by us for input into the review process, led by the Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC).
MMO has produced guidance on treatment of lighter oils for offshore installation operators as Annex 4 to the DECC guidance note on Petroleum Operations Notice No 1.
Marine Scotland inputs into the DECC review process for installations in Scottish waters.
MMO Marine Pollution Contingency Plan (PDF 1.8 MB) updated 13 May 2013
List of approved products (PDF 92 KB) updated 13 May 2013
Help with documents
Some of these documents are in the portable document format (PDF) for downloading. Adobe Acrobat Reader can be freely downloaded from _URL_


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Learn to Give Feedback without Criticism
- Overcome the dread about writing performance evaluations
- Trust your capacity to meet challenges when offering feedback
- Become excited about creating a learning culture in your organization
- Learn how to receive feedback without defending yourself
Listen to a sample audio snippet.
This 5-session telecourse recording is designed to support you in learning what makes giving and receiving feedback challenging and how you can turn these experiences into opportunities for learning, connection, and effective functioning. Listen to telecourse participants work with real-life examples, making the learning practical and immediately applicable. Each session focuses on a different theme and includes a worksheet to prepare for the session.
- Session 1 – Why Is Feedback Important and What Makes It Hard?
- Session 2 – Mastering the Motivation to Contribute
- Session 3 – The Building Blocks of Useable Feedback
- Session 4 – Meeting Challenges with Empathy
- Session 5 – Opening to the Gift of Others' Feedback


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Moles can cause extensive damage to a lawn if left unchecked. Their tell-tale runs create furrows in the turf and can then sink as they collapse, creating low areas and hazards. It is a common misconception that treating your lawn for grubs will also control moles. While moles do enjoy a tasty grub, their main diet consists of other insects as well such as earthworms and other invertebrates. The mole tunnel or 'run' functions as a worm/insect trap and moles will sense when a worm falls into the tunnel. We can take advantage of this by injecting a poison bait worm that mimics their natural diet directly into the mole run. The mole will sense the bait worm and run to collect it. When the mole bites into the worm, the poison is activated. While there is no way to prevent new moles from entering your property from an outside area, our mole control program can reduce their number and begin to eliminate moles on your property.
Please Fill In The Following Details


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Museum of Natural History's Written In Bone Exhibition
Left Image: 17th century human skeletal remains from an archaeological site near Annapolis MD.
Right Image: Reassembly of the bones took place in scanning studio, part of a forensic reconstruction of the individual for a museum display. Kari Bruwelheide,
National Museum of Natural History; and Jane Cox, Anne Arundel County Archaeologist did the reassembly. This was then scanned by Vicky Karas and Mel Wachowiak.
Left Image: Screenshot of virtual reconstruction of skeletal remains.
Right Image: Partial assembly of replica of 17th century human skeletal remains from an archaeological site created from scan data by Chris Hollshwander and Caroline
Thome of Smithsonian Office of Exhibit Central.
CNC milling of smaller scale replica overseen by OEC Modelmaker Chris Hollshwander.