More Examples of Regulatory Compliance Processes
More examples of regulatory compliance processes
Another example is a process initiated as a result of a decision taken during a board of directors (or any executive management) meeting. In this example, the meeting takes place, decisions are made and processes are initiated-but the processes themselves are different every time, depending on the context of the board meeting.
For example, let's say a bank's board is worried about the risk profile of the bank, especially their loans. Therefore, they will initiate a process regarding the risk management of loans to European real estate and construction projects. In this case, the bank made large loans for the construction of commercial real estate projects in a number of European countries and those projects have reached a point where they will be asking for additional funding to enable the project's completion. In the time since the original loans were granted, both the macroeconomic and microeconomic environments have changed, causing the bank to revisit the original assumptions underlying the loans.
These loans now represent large, relatively risky loans and have the possibility of external scrutiny of the handling of those deals, so the board decided to take a closer look. It requested that the international banking division and the real estate division jointly look into the viability and risk of the projects, taking into account various deal parameters such as the current legal situation of the country involved, the macroeconomic outlook, the expected amount of financing that will be requested, the financing sources for the projects, the capital structure of the projects and the current viability of the developers.
Such a deep dive in process will generate more activity involving numerous people throughout different divisions in the bank and experts from outside the bank. The specific participants and information assembled are dependent on the specifics of the loans being examined.
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Rocket Fuel


Not for the first time and undoubtedly not for the last, the Orthodox Church of Ethiopia is claiming it has the original Ark of the Covenant spoken of in the Bible, and made famous all over again by Indiana Jones. What is new about all this is that the Patriarch of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church says he will be unveiling it for all the world to see soon and very soon. Here is a link to the story
I must confess that I am more than just a tad skeptical that this ark has anything to do with the original ark of the covenant. Why not? Well, lets start with the fact that according to Orthodox tradition the ark was brought to Ethiopia by Menilik I who was supposedly Solomon's son which he had with the Queen of Sheba (who knew?). This claim is not based in any ancient sources known to date prior to the time of Jesus. What the Bible says is that Solomon's son was Rehoboam, and no sexual dalliance, never mind marriage to the Queen of Sheba is mentioned in the Bible. 1 Kngs 10.13 refers to Solomon giving the Queen various goods, in a reciprocity exchange meant to cement a positive relationship between the two peoples. When Solomon is said to have had sexual relationships with foreign women, the text is quite explicit and names the countries from which they came ( 1 Kngs. 11.1ff.) Neither the Queen of Sheba, nor anyone else from Sheba is mentioned.
But besides this fact, there is no good reason whatsoever why any son of Solomon would cart the ark off to Ethiopia. Judea was not under attack by any of the neighboring super powers such as Egypt during the reign of the son of Solomon and the Temple had of course been built in Jerusalem in part to house the ark of the covenant in the first place. Furthermore, the evidence as far as it goes suggests that Sheba (or Saba) was the country known as Yemen on the east side of the Red Sea, not Ethiopia which is on the west side of that sea, though this matter is debated, and some think Saba included territory on both sides of the sea.
Here below you will find a picture of the little shrine in Ethiopia where the ark is now housed.
Stay tuned for more 'revelations', but as my granny once said— "Don't be so open minded that your brains fall out".
More from Beliefnet and our partners


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BBC News
watch One-Minute World News
Last Updated: Friday, 29 October, 2004, 10:46 GMT 11:46 UK
Sihamoni crowned Cambodian king
Cambodia's King Sihamoni on his coronation day
King Sihamoni's coronation began with a Buddhist ceremony
Norodom Sihamoni has been formally crowned as Cambodia's new monarch.
In a ceremony broadcast on national television, the 51-year-old former ballet dancer officially took over from his father, Norodom Sihanouk.
"I swear to follow the constitution and other laws of the kingdom of Cambodia so as to serve the interests of the nation and the people," he said.
Friday's glittering coronation ceremony is the centre point of three days of celebrations to usher in the new king.
The streets in Phnom Penh have been adorned with Cambodian flags and portraits, and Friday declared a national holiday.
In the first act of his coronation day, King Sihamoni walked through the Royal Palace accompanied by Buddhist monks in saffron robes and bodyguards in black suits.
Cambodia's King Sihamoni on his coronation day
He took his place on a throne beneath a gilded pagoda, where he offered Buddhist prayers to the rising sun.
His father anointed his head with nine jars of holy water, in a symbolic gesture to bless his reign.
Then, in front of an audience of top government figures, monks, royalty and diplomats, King Sihamoni took the oath marking the official start of his reign.
As is traditional, he repeated the sentence three times, and bowed after he had completed each other.
Smooth succession
The succession process began earlier this month, when former King Sihanouk abdicated due to ill health.
There was no legal provision in the event of a monarch's abdication, and laws had to be rushed through parliament to enable a throne council to convene and choose a successor.
One of his potential strengths is that he is seen as apolitical.
While Cambodian kings used to have great authority, the position is now largely symbolic and wields no real power.
King Sihamoni, 29 Oct
But it remains an important post because of the reverence Cambodian people give to the royal family.
Former King Sihanouk is widely revered after 60 years on the throne, and although little was known about his son and successor before he was chosen as the new monarch, Cambodians are already warming to their new king.
Sihamoni has spent much of his life outside Cambodia - as a ballet dancer and teacher, as well as Cambodia's ambassador to the UN cultural agency, Unesco.
He is much less known than his half-brother Prince Ranariddh, who heads the royalist political party Funcinpec.
Sihanouk is still likely to remain influential even after his son is officially inaugurated.
The government has already declared that he will be now known as The Great Heroic King Sihanouk.
Cambodia's new king crowned in a lavish ceremony
In Pictures: King Sihamoni's coronation
29 Oct 04 | In Pictures
Profile: King Sihamoni
14 Oct 04 | Asia-Pacific
A new king for Cambodia: Your views
14 Oct 04 | Have Your Say
Cambodia passes succession law
08 Oct 04 | Asia-Pacific
Cambodia's succession riddle
08 Oct 04 | Asia-Pacific
Profile: Norodom Sihanouk
14 Oct 04 | Asia-Pacific
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text:
Jagadeesh Jagarlamudi, Hal Daumé III, and Raghavendra Udupa
Mapping documents into an interlingual representation can help bridge the language barrier of a cross-lingual corpus. Previous approaches use aligned documents as training data to learn an interlingual representation, making them sensitive to the domain of the training data. In this paper, we learn an interlingual representation in an unsupervised manner using only a bilingual dictionary. We first use the bilingual dictionary to find candidate document alignments and then use them to find an interlingual representation. Since the candidate alignments are noisy, we develop a robust learning algorithm to learn the interlingual representation. We show that bilingual dictionaries generalize to different domains better: our approach gives better performance than either a word by word translation method or Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) trained on a different domain.
In ACL HLT 2011
Publisher Association for Computational Linguistics

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
AccessMyLibrary provides FREE access to millions of articles from top publications available through your library.
New quake system created / Researchers to be able to accurately predict earthquake aftermaths
A University of Tokyo research team has developed a system that will use a next-generation supercomputer to simultaneously predict tremors, tsunami and movements in the Earth's crust after a massive earthquake occurs.
The team, led by Takuto Maeda, an associate professor at the University of Tokyo's Center of Integrated Disaster Information Research (CIDIR), has used the new system on a current-generation supercomputer, which almost succeeded in reconstructing the aftermath of the Great East Japan Earthquake on March 11.
Predictions about tremors, …

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Pronunciation: di-raid Hear it!
Part of Speech: Verb, transitive
Meaning: To make contemptuous fun of, to ridicule or mock.
Notes: No, today's Good Word does not mean "stop riding" or "get off the horse", but is based on the Latin stem -rid which refers to laughter (see Word History). This means that the adjective, derisive [di-ri-siv], and activity noun, derision [di-ri-zhên], are based on Latin forms, too, with an S replacing the D. However, a person who derides others is just an ordinary English derider.
In Play: If you don't like derision, try to avoid dumb mistakes: "Chester Droers can't understand why all his friends deride the new tattoo on his chest that says 'Studd!'" In fact, to completely avoid derision, it is best to avoid dumb ideas in general: "You can deride my idea for an electric fork but just remember, they derided Thomas Edison's idea of the electric light, too!"
Word History: Today's Good Word comes from deridere "to laugh", based on de "down, (away) from" + ridere "to laugh". This root rid-, as mentioned in the Word History of risible, did not spread evenly throughout the Indo-European languages. It shows up in Sanskrit vridyati "is ashamed", but nowhere else. It is present in a few other English borrowings from Latin, however. Besides risible, we find it in ridiculous and riant "merry, jovial". (We would not like to be derided for omitting mention of our gratitude to Larry Brady, a perennial visitor to our Alpha Agora, for suggesting today's Good Word.)
Dr. Goodword,


Named vs. Numeric Requirement IDs
With every new project there will be a discussion whether requirement IDs should have a unique name or simply a numbering scheme.
If you look at OFT's specification document, you will see that we chose named IDs. The reason in our case is quite simple: we use the ID as reference in OFT's native specification format (aka. "requirement-enhanced Markdown") and it is a lot simpler to understand the connections between the specification items in different artifact types if you can tell by the name what the requirement ID is about. It also helps debugging.
That being said there are major drawbacks with this approach:
 1. You have to think of and type an ID for every requirements
 2. In large collections of requirements you might need hierarchical ID parts to make the IDs unique (like req~import.full-coverage-tag-format~1)
 3. Sometimes you pick bad names and are forced to decide whether to bulk-change all documents or live with the name
 4. Some tools (like Doors for example) enforce numeric IDs.
Bottom line: deciding between named and numeric IDs a task that you should think long and hard about before you start your project.
Good news is OFT supports both flavors.
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Time-saving goods are defined as market goods that reduce home labor requirements (e.g. restaurants; washing machines). Assuming that time savings are costly, this paper shows that lower-income individuals can purchase fewer time savings and enjoy less leisure time. Commodity tax rates affecting low-income individuals should depend more on time savings, and less on the classic Corlett and Hague rule. The related literature suggests to impose lower tax rates on goods that require less home labor. This paper shows that goods that offer greater time savings with respect to their more affordable substitutes should also receive favorable tax treatment.


Feral Dragon (CR +Varies)
 *Editor's Note
 The challenge rating adjustment for this template is very approximate. Losing spellcasting and all abilities other than breath weapons will have a much greater impact on older dragons and ones that rely more on spellcasting so consider this carefully when applying this template.
 Seemingly all scales, wings, fangs, and claws, feral dragons exist as pale reflections of true dragons. Some are actually cousins of true dragons, in the same way that apes are cousins to humankind. Others are degenerate descendents of dragons as they existed in an older age. Rapacious and voracious, feral dragons are awful carnivores that hunt beasts and sentient creatures alike. They love bright, shiny objects and often devastate caravans and entire settlements to steal even small amounts of treasure.
 Like true dragons, feral dragons come in several hues, both chromatic and metallic, and can breathe great gouts of fire, ice, acid, or other energy. Though they are fully as perceptive as true dragons, they lack the intelligence and spellcasting ability of their more advanced cousins.
 Creating a Feral Dragon
 "Feral dragon" is an inherited template that can be added to any true dragon (referred to hereafter as the base creature). A feral dragon uses all the base creature's statistics and special abilities except as noted here.
 Challenge Rating*: A feral dragon's challenge rating equals its racial Hit Dice divided by 2 or the base creature's CR –4, whichever is greater.
 Alignment: Usually neutral, but feral dragons often grow closer to the base creature's alignment as they age and gain Intelligence.
 Armor Class: The feral dragon's natural armor bonus is equal to the base creature's –2 (minimum +0). If the base creature had no natural armor bonus, this feature of the template causes no change.
 Special Attacks: The feral dragon loses all the base creature's supernatural and spell-like special attacks except its breath weapons. It also loses the ability to cast spells. It retains all the base creature's other special attacks.
 Special Qualities: The feral dragon loses the base creature's damage reduction and spell resistance (if any), and all its supernatural and spell-like special qualities. It retains all other special qualities the base creature had.
 Abilities: Str +4, Dex –4 (minimum 1), Con +4, Int –15 (minimum 1), Wis –4 (minimum 1).
 Skills: Recalculate the feral dragon's skill points for its racial Hit Dice according to the following formula (6 + new Int modifier) x HD. Then spend its skill points afresh, using Dragon type guidelines for class skills.
 Feats: A feral dragon has the same number of feats as the base creature does, though they should be chosen with an eye toward which ones are most useful with its diminished abilities.
 Treasure: Double standard.
 Using the Feral Dragon Template
 The feral dragon template was designed to give players the chance to fight big dragons at lower levels than normal. Both players and GMs can use these creatures to enjoy dragon slayer scenarios akin to those in European myth and popular culture. Feral dragons are still tough monsters for their CRs, but characters facing them can worry more about how dangerous a combatant their foe is and less about whether or not it uses scrying to learn their plans and prepares to use spells against them.


text:
Dear Community member, welcome to the GXquery 4.0 Lab. By doing these five exercises you will get a broad overview of the GXquery capabilities in just 30 minutes.
There are two options to do the Lab. Doing it on a Sandbox Instance or doing it using your on premise instance. The first one just requires a Browser. The second, needs preparation: some GeneXus' skills to prepare the Metadata and a local instance of GXquery.
1. Using the Sandbox.
2. In your own PC (for this option, take into account the following instructions):
The first GXquery screen is for identification, and you must enter the user name and password (of the user defined as the site's web administrator) to access the application. Then, press the Sign in button.
Credentials following option 1:
Credentials following option 2:
Like any other designer, GXquery contains regions (or components) that are constantly being accessed by users while creating their queries.
The following image highlights the components that will be used later in the exercises.
The first one on the left is the Shortcuts component. The second one is the tool component. The third one, on the right, it the attribute zone, which is the source of information for building queries. Lastly, in the center, we can see the query design component.
Now, enjoy the exercises.


Here is a second tip for debugging that requires a slight.h file change. If you have the VSIP SDK installed and you need advanced assert help, use VSASSERT. VSASSERT is a nifty utility that is installed with the VSIP SDK that will put up an assert message. The advantage of this assert technology over the CRT or ATL's assert is that you can hide all the VS asserts for that instance of VS, selectively choose to hide a particular assert, copy the assert text to the clipboard, break into the debugger at the line of the offending assert, etc. To use this assert, you need to _TAG_ the file vsassert.h into your code, and then for the debug build of your code link to vsassert.lib. Then, rather than using VC's assert mechanism, you use VS's like so:
VSASSERT(false, "This is a failed assert.");
Even though the assert ships with the VSIP SDK, your code does not need to be VSIP related to use VSASSERT, the code can be a VSIP package, an Add-in, or even code that is not related to VS, you just need to be using C++.
Now to the problem: To use VSASSERT, you will need to change a header file to get everything to work. If you were to compile anything that _TAG_ vsassert.h, you will get the following error message:
c:\Program Files\VSIP 7.1\EnvSDK\common\inc\vsassert.h(249): fatal error C1017: invalid integer constant expression
You can fix this by opening vsassert.h, and on line 249 change the text from:
 _TAG_ DEBUG
 _TAG_ _DEBUG
This simple change will fix up the problem, and you can start using a much better assert tool. (And yes, there is a bug tracking this to have somebody fix it)


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The only way I know how to verify something as an exact differential is when it is in the form $P(x,y) dx + Q(x,y) dy$. The book's definition states that such a differential is exact if there exists a function $g(x,y)$ such that $\frac{\partial g}{\partial x} = P$ and $\frac{\partial g}{\partial y} = Q$.
That's all well and good, but I'm not sure how to express $\cos{z}$ $dz$ in the form $P(x,y) dx + Q(x,y) dy$.
Considering $z=x+iy$ and $cos{z} = \frac{1}{2}(e^{iz}+e^{-iz})$, I know that that $cos{z} = \frac{1}{2}(e^{-y+ix}+e^{y-ix})$, but I'm not sure how $dx$ and $dy$ fit in here or what the rules are for getting them from $dz$. Or even if that question makes sense. Should I even be trying to express $cos{z}$ $dz$ in the form $P(x,y) dx + Q(x,y) dy$?
Please help?
share|improve this question
I think you might be misunderstanding a concept and it is hard to interpret your question. Please elaborate because $cos(z)dz$ is not in the form $P(x,y)dx + Q(x,y)dy$. To be exact we must have ${P_y} = {Q_x}$. – glebovg Oct 31 '12 at 23:01
1 Answer 1
up vote 3 down vote accepted
The complex differential $\cos z \, dz$ is exact if there is a function $f$ such that $df = \cos z \, dz$, i.e., an analytic function $f(z)$ with $f'(z) = \cos z$. Now you know (I hope) that $f(z) = \sin z$ does the job, so it is exact. You can actually spell out everything in terms of real and imaginary parts, and use $dz = dx + i \, dy$ to make it fit into the template for real forms, but I would not do it unless you have to.
share|improve this answer
That makes far more sense. Thank you. – Arthur Skirvin Nov 1 '12 at 0:16
Your Answer


text:
An Experimental Model Piezoelectric Cantilever Beam for Energy Harvesting
Penulis: Aditya Sukma Nugraha; Sapdo UtomoResearch of energy harvesting is increasing rapidly over last decade. In this study has effort in laboratory scale of energy harvesting with a piezoelectric cantilever beam. The harvester is placed in the middle of the cantilever beam to simulate. This paper is intended to investigate piezoelectric energy harvesting from vibration induced by vertical loads. The design of Cantilever beam configuration piezoelectric is analyzed by finite element method (FEM) to get the first mode of the system. The prediction result by finite element software for the first mode is 91,24 Hz. The effect of displacement, velocity, acceleration with Piezoelectric moving load function on the produced power also investigated in this paper. The experimental result shows the studied mode shape variable can be effected on the energy harvesting result. Lastly, the research results prove that the theory of vibration is the highest voltage is located in the natural frequency of the system.
No. Arsip : LIPI-17040


in Sanskrit and that he is aware that his answers will sometimes be incorrect. At any given trial he will answer "syadasti", "syadavaktavyah", or "syatnasti". After the second trial of a light of an intensity near the threshold he may have given two of these answers, for example "syatnasti ca avaktavyasca". After the third he may have given all three, though this is not very probable. The possibilities may be schematised as follows :
It is clear that the seven possibilities are exhaustive. My only possible criticism of Bhadrabahu is this. If the subject has given two different answers he may be aware that there is a possibility that he will later give the third. Once he has given all three, no further possibility is open. It might therefore be argued that the seventh of predication should be "asti nasti ca avaktavyasca".
On the hypothesis that the subject is in a steady physiological and psychological state, the probabilities of each of the three answers to any given stimulus are constant. Let the probabilities of answering syadasti, syadavaktavyah and syatnasti be p, q, and r, where p-q+1=1. If, after n trials, the probabilities of the 7 types of predication are P1,n, P2,n, etc. where P1,n, is the probability of syadasti, etc. then the vector [P1, n, ;P2,n ; P3,n; P4,n; P6,n; P7,n] is transformed into the vector [P1, n+1; P2, n+1;..... etc.] by multiplication by the matrix.
p 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 r 0 0 0 0 0
r p p+r 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 q 0 0 0
q 0 0 p p+q 0 0
0 q 0 r 0 q+r 0
0 0 q 0 r p 1
Evidently this could be made a little more symmetrical by transposing row and column (3) and (4).
The latent roots of this matrix are :
1, p+q, q+r, p+r, p, q, r.
so P1n = pn
P2n= rn
P3n= (p+r)n-pn-rn
P4n= qn
P6n# (q+r)n-qn-rn
Thus unless one of p,q or r is zero the final predication will be syadasti nasti ca avaktavyasca. In many cases when the stimulus is far from the threshold, p or r will unity. The subject will always, or never, say 'this is bitter', or "this is illuminated", It is likely that q will ever be unity. So in this case syadavaktavyah will almost always be at best a provisional predication. It is however possible that p or r (say r) should be small, but not zero. If so P5,n will reach a maximum for some value of n and then decline. For example if p=.6, q=.3, r=.1 reaches its maximum value of.5184 when n=4.
I have dealt with a case which arises when the question asked is as simple as possible. Human judgements are generally more complicated. We may attend to the data of several different senses, and of our memories. Thus we arrive at one conclusion from one set of data, and another from another set. We say that wood is hard when compared with clay, soft when compared with iron, indeterminate when compared with similar wood.
The close analysis of vision with a dark adapted eye shows that in this case at least. Mahalanobis was correct in regarding the saptabhanginaya as foreshadowing modern statistical theory. It appears that when dark adaptation is complete, about five quanta of radiation must arrive within a short time in a small area of the retina before light is reported. Whether they will do so with a given intensity of illuminationn can only be stated as a probability. It is probable, though not by any means certain, that more complicated judgements depend on similar probabilities of events within the central nervous system.
Whatever philosophers of other schools may think, a Jaina can hardly object to regarding human predication as a special kind of animal behaviour. In this he agree with followers of Darwin, such as myself. Attempts at a logical classification of animal behaviours frequently lead to a separation of 2n-1 types, where however n may exceed 3. Thus Haldane (1953) classified the possible results of learning in an animal as follows. In any situation an animal will, or will not, give a certain response R, say eating a particular type of food within a minute of its presentation, or lifting its leg within ten seconds after an auditory signal is given.
If we compare the set of possible situations in which an animal may be placed before and after an experience E, they fall into four categories, r r, rR, R r, and RR. A situation r r is one in which the response is not given before or after experience. A situation r R is one which it is given after E, but not before E, and so on. All situation may be r r. For example no-one has taught a dog to write. Some may be r r and some rR. For example a dog which did not previously bring objects from the water to his master can learn to do so on command. In Pavlov's experiments a dog which previously only salivated (R) when given food, will do so when certain auditory or other stimuli are given. Thus for such a dog all situations fall into the classes r r, RR, and rR. It can easily be seen that the effect of any experience on an animal can be classified according as the situations in which it can be placed fall into one, two, three, or all four of these classes. There are thus 24-1, or 15 qualitatively different results of an experiment in which an attempt is made to alter an animal's behaviours. In this classification the animal is assumed never to give an indeterminate response. If it can do so, both before and after, there are, as I pointed our, 29-1, or 511 possible results. The same principles may be applied to the comparison of the behaviour of two different animals, or two different races or species.
It is foolish to pretend that ancient philosophers anticipated all modern intellectual developments. And I believe that we, today, can do more honour to their memories by thinking for ourselves, as they did, than by devoting our lives to commentaries on them. But if we do so it is our duty to point out cases where it turns out that our own thought has run parallel to theirs. I was unaware of Bhadrabahu's existence when I wrote the paper to which I refer. The fact that I reached a conclusion so like his own suggests that we may both have seen the same facet of many-splendoured truth.
No doubt we reached it by very different methods, Bhadrabahu by meditation, I by thinking about the results of concrete experiments on animals. Such methods will often lead to different conclusions. This was the view of Warren Hastings in his introduction to 'Wilkins' translation of the Bhagavad Gita.
"But if we are told that there have been men who were successively, for ages past, in the daily habit of abstracted contemplation, begun in the earliest period of youth, and continued in many to the maturity of age, each adding some portion of knowledge to the store accumulated by his predecessors, it is not assuming too much to conclude, that as the mind ever gathers strength, like the body, with exercise, so in such exercise it may in each have acquired the faculty to which they aspired, and their collective studies have led them to the discovery of new tracks and combinations of sentiment, totally different from the doctrines with which the learned of other nations are acquainted : doctrines, which however speculative and subtle, still, as they possess the advantage of being derived from a source so free from every adventitious mixture, may be equally founded on truth with the most simple of our own".
If, on the other hand, the contemplation of one's own mind, and that of the minds of animals, lead to similar results, such results are, perhaps worthy of serious consideration.
Mahalanobis, P.C. (1954) : The foundations of statistics Dialectica 8, 95-111.
Haldane, J.B.S. (1954) : A logical analysis of learning, conditioning, and related processes.Behaviour, 6, 256-270.


text:
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The Formula language is a scripting language used by Lotus Notes. It is often referred to as _USER_ language (pronounced at-formula) because many language elements start with the @-character. Here is an example of a selection formula:
SELECT _USER_ = "NT0050D26"
It was created by Ray Ozzie during the early development of Lotus Notes. He borrowed the compiler and decompiler from the Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet, but unlike the spreadsheet language Formula Language was designed primarily for string and list processing, not numerical processing. It was originally a Functional programming language with unique text list-handling features inspired by Ray Ozzie's prior use of Icon and Lisp.
The Formula language has two parts:
- _USER_ for calculations and simple logic
- _USER_ for performing actions in the user interface
_USER_ can be used in several places throughout Lotus Notes. The most important uses are:
- to select documents to show to the user in a view (a kind of index) or to select documents for further processing. In this case, the formula will evaluate to a 'true' (selected) or 'false' value (not selected) for each document.
- to provide default values for fields, to transform the data entered by the user (like stripping off redundant spaces) and to validate this data.
- to get a list of values from a Notes database or even from a relational database (using ODBC). This may be used to provide a user with a list of values to choose from.
- to process a set of documents. The formula is placed in an agent, a program or macro that can be started by a user or by the Notes server according to a schedule. When the agent is triggered, the formula executes for each selected document (this a very limited form of a loop). This is an efficient way of changing lots of documents, if the logic is not too complicated. In case of complicated changes, LotusScript is used.
_USER_ are like menu commands: they perform actions in the Lotus Notes client. Examples of actions are:
- opening a Notes database
- creating an e-mail
- putting the cursor in a specific data-entry field
- closing a window
- starting an agent
_USER_ are primarily used in formulas that are triggered by user action, such as in button formulas. It is possible to combine them with _USER_, for example by making execution of an _USER_ conditional on a field value.
- Damien Katz (January 4, 2005). "Formula Engine Rewrite". Personal blog. Retrieved September 30, 2016.
- "Enhancements to the formula language in Domino 6". IBM. November 4, 2002. Archived from the original on October 22, 2012. Retrieved September 30, 2016.


Internet Radio
Last Updated: December 9, 2016
Definition - What does Internet Radio mean?
Internet radio is an audio service that uses the Internet as a distribution medium of broadcasting instead of the traditional radio waves. The proper term used for internet radio is webcasting, as it is not actually broadcast through wireless signals. It is a form of streaming media where content is usually provided live instead of being prerecorded like some podcasts.
Techopedia explains Internet Radio
Internet radio refers to audio services that are transmitted via the Internet. Most are associated with a traditional radio station that simply streams its content over the internet in simulcast with traditional radio signals.
Other internet radio stations are independent. The beauty of internet radio is that it has a global reach. Anyone, anywhere with a PC, mobile device and web browser can to connect to an internet radio station.
Internet radio may also refer to standalone devices that connect to the internet via Wi-Fi or a local area network (LAN) in order to stream Internet radio audio services. These devices are usually shaped like traditional FM radios for nostalgia, while some manufacturers use a modern design approach.
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text: Year 7s have been studying 'Macbeth'. They were given part of a scene to enact using freeze frames to tell the story. Once the photographs were taken, then they chose quotes from the play to match their freeze frames. Then they re-wrote the quote using today's language, to show they really understood what their characters were saying. Finally, acknowledging that 'deception'is a recurring theme in the play, the pupils added in what their characters were actually thinking, regardless of what they were saying.


ArcObjects Library Reference (System)
Array CoClass
Generic array of objects.
Product Availability
Available with ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS Desktop, and ArcGIS Server.
The Array object enables ArcObjects to pass around arrays of object references in a cross platform manner; you can store and retrieve an array of object references in the same way regardless of which ArcObjects API you are using. Unlike the similar Set object, Arrays offer random access by indexed lookup. You can also insert, remove, or replace objects at any position in the Array. The array is heterogeneous, that is the objects in it do not need to be of the same type.
Array objects are used by several interfaces including IIdentify and IMapControl2.
Supported Platforms
Windows, Solaris, Linux
Interfaces Description
IArray Provides access to members that control a simple array of objects.
IArray2 Provides access to replace an object in the array.
IXMLSerialize Provides access to members that XML serialize and deserialize an object to/from XML.


Main content
 Procedure Profile - Diagnosis and Treatment of Upper Gut Motility Disorders
 Complex Digestive Disease Center - Center for Neurogastroenterology and Motility
 At California Pacific Medical Center we are committed to bringing new and advanced diagnostic tools, medical treatments, and surgical options to the physicians we serve and the patients they care for. Through this procedure profile, our physicians illustrate actual medical situations that provide you with a window into their practice of diagnosis, treatment and patient follow-up.
 Printer friendly PDF version of Procedure Profile - Diagnosis and Treatment of Upper Gut Motility Disorders (282KB) (Download a free copy of Adobe Acrobat Reader)
 Upper Gut Motility Disorders
 Upper gut motility disorders involve functional disorders within the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine. There are three primary components to functional gastrointestinal disorders: motility, GI tract sensation, and brain-gut dysfunction, all of which affect both the lower and upper gut.
 Motility: Normal motility or peristalsis is an orderly sequence of muscular contractions from top to bottom. In functional GI disorders, muscular spasms can cause pain, or contractions can be very rapid or very slow, altering the speed or direction of gut transit.
 Data charts of normal peristalsis
 Normal Peristalsis
 GI Tract Sensation: The stomach nerves are sometimes so sensitive that even normal contractions can induce pain or discomfort in response to physiological stimuli, such as digesting a meal.
 Brain-Gut Dysfunction: The regulatory connection between brain and gut function may be impaired, causing disharmony in the way the brain and gastrointestinal systems communicate altering the transit of luminal contents.
 Esophageal Manometry
 Esophageal motility encompasses four distinct areas of the esophagus: pharynx, upper esophageal sphincter, esophageal body, and lower esophageal sphincter. Manometry is measured using a solidstate, high-resolution manometric system. The movement of bolus is measured in patients who have subtle flow disorders.
 Pharyngeal Manometry tests the muscle contractions and coordination of esophagus peristalsis.
 Upper Esophageal Sphincter (UES) Manometry tests UES tone, pressure, and relaxation. The UES may fail to relax or be unsynchronized with the pharynx causing peristaltic dysfunction or the sensation of an object being stuck in the throat.
 Esophageal Body Manometry tests the muscle contractions and esophagus peristalsis.
 Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES) Manometry tests sphincter tone and relaxation ability. High-resolution esophageal manometry testing utilizes a small tube containing solid state pressure sensors. The tube is inserted through the nose into the esophagus to measure esophagus contractions and the relaxation of the LES. The high-resolution system provides accurate measurement and timing of pharyngeal and upper esophageal sphincter contractions. Esophageal manometry also measures the pressure and contractions of the LES muscle, identifying or ruling out LES muscle weakness. To measure esophageal pH levels, an esophageal impedance catheter is used. The catheter measures impedance caused by reflux of either acidic or non-acidic fluid from the stomach. The catheter is the diameter of a string of spaghetti and is inserted through the nose for 24 hours. The Bravo™ pH capsule is used only when a patient is intolerant of nasopharyngeal impedance and pH tube placement.
 Diffuse Esophageal Spasm:
 An uncoordination of esophageal contractions can result in swallowed food and liquids to not be pushed effectively into the stomach. Many people with diffuse esophageal spasm (DES) experience chest pain that may feel similar to the pain of a heart attack. They may also experience the feeling of food getting stuck in the chest.
 Ineffective swallowing can occur for many reasons. Stroke or nerve and muscle diseases affecting the tongue and throat are very common causes. Dysphagia also can cause food to back up in the esophagus, resulting in vomiting.
 Esophageal Motility Disorders
 Achalasia: Characterized by the absence of esophageal contractions, achalasia is caused by nerve degeneration in the esophagus and LES, thus preventing food passage into the stomach. Persons with achalasia experience progressive difficulty with eating and drinking, usually with symptoms of vomiting and chest pain. These patients can be treated with pneumatic dilatation or laparoscopic myotomy, or at times, botulism injection into LES.
 Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): The major symptoms of GERD are heartburn, sour mouth, and hoarseness with throat pain and chest pain. GERD, left untreated, can cause severe damage to the esophageal lining. In addition to a low LES pressure, GERD patients may also have transient LES relaxation that is unrelated to swallows. The patient also can have disordered peristalsis, allowing gastric contents to remain in the esophagus longer.
 A special sleeve manometer, Dent Sleeve, is used to measure the pressure in the pyloric sphincter, the ring of smooth muscle creating the boundary between the stomach and the small intestine. Pressure sensors in the manometer can also measure contractions of the stomach and upper intestine. If the pyloric pressure is elevated, the effect of Botox injection on the pyloric pressure can be immediately measured. In addition to the Dent Sleeve, a new solid-state catheter is also being used to measure the pyloric pressure.
 Stomach Manometry
 Dent Sleeve manometer in pylorus.
 Dent Sleeve manometer in pylorus.
 Gastric emptying studies measure the flow of solid or liquid meals as they empty into the small intestine. Gastric emptying is controlled by contraction and tone of the stomach wall. California Pacific utilizes a computer-controlled pump called the barostat which shows whether the upper stomach relaxes adequately during eating and how much filling of the stomach it takes to cause pain or discomfort.
 Charts of Raw EGG and Data Analysis graph
 Raw EGG and Data Analysis
 The electrogastrogram (EGG) is a diagnostic tool used to measure the electrical control of the stomach's contractions. EGG frequently identifies dysrhythmias, especially after meals, in patients with gastroparesis, chronic dyspepsia, anorexia nervosa and bulimia, cyclic vomiting syndrome, and other conditions characterized by a delayed gastric emptying. Dysrhythmias can be caused by specialized muscular conduction system abnormalities, present in the stomach.
 Stomach Motility Disorders
 X-Rays of Gastric Electrical Stimulation
 Gastric Electrical Stimulation
 Gastroparesis-Delayed Gastric Emptying:
 Many gastroparesis patients have difficulty eating, and experience severe, chronic vomiting and nausea. Some patients may even require tube-feeding to ensure adequate nutrition. There are a number of causes for gastroparesis, including diabetes mellitus, anorexia, bulimia, lupus, and brain disorders. How-ever, nearly 40% of the cases have an unknown origin. Patients who have not responded or are intolerant of conservative therapies are candidates for injection of Botox into a hypertensive pyloric sphincter or Gastric Electrical Stimulation (GES). GES is used only when medication is ineffective in controlling symptoms that can be serious, including mal-nutrition and severe dehydration.
 Functional Dyspepsia (Nonulcer Dyspepsia): An abnormal gastric accommodation reflex or decreased relaxation of the fundus (upper body of the stomach) may cause functional dyspepsia. Patients' symptoms include pain or discomfort and bloating in the upper abdomen, fullness, and nausea. New drugs are currently being used to normalize the accommodation reflex.
 Small Intestine (Duodenum, Jejunum, and Ileum) Manometry
 Antroduodenal Manometry: testing measures the pressure waves in the stomach and adjacent small bowel. Part of diagnostic testing includes measuring muscle contraction and responses to physiological stimuli (i.e. meals, erythromycin) using a manometer. A lactulose breath test is used to estimate small intestinal transit, as well as small bowel bacterial overgrowth. Additional diagnostic testing, in conjunction with nuclear medicine, includes measuring stomach emptying and transit in the small intestine using a nuclear medicine scan.
 Small Intestine Motility Disorders
 Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction Or Blockage: Resulting from either weak or chaotic peristalsis, intestinal pseudo-obstruction presents with symptoms of abdominal bloating, pain, nausea, and vomiting which vary in severity and frequency. Abnormal small bowel contractions can result in muscle ineffectiveness, which in turn affects peristaltic movement. Scleroderma or other autoimmune diseases can cause weak contractions, while chaotic contractions are often caused by nerve abnormalities in the myenteric plexus.
 Motility Diagnostic Tools
 High-Resolution Esophageal Manometry: Solid-state pres-sure transducers allow for simultaneous recording of the entire esophagus. The rapid and highfidelity recording provides an accurate description of esophageal motility disorders. A similar system is used to measure pyloric pressures.
 Barostat Studies: Barostat studies measure the tone and compliance (stretch) of the esophagus and upper stomach. It also measures gastric accommodation and gastric sensation. Barostat studies can show whether the upper stomach relaxes adequately during eating and how much filling of the


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With the challenges of climate change, hunger and dwindling freshwater supplies, educators have begun an academic movement to produce a new generation of leaders who will safeguard and help sustain essential resources. The MacArthur Foundation recently committed $15 million to jump-start a two-year master's in development practice (MDP) program at a dozen institutions across the globe. Columbia University will be the first to offer the degree, starting in the fall of 2009, and schools in various countries, including Ghana, Nigeria and China, may follow suit in the next few years.
This effort is significant because "most of the training programs throughout the world do not address sustainable development in a global way," says Goolam Mohamedbhai, secretary general of the Association of African Universities and part of the MDP's international commission.
The MDP movement plans to rectify such gaps by creating an international classroom that cuts across disciplines—including public health, social science, physical science and management—as well as issues such as poverty, hunger, disease control and climate change. The program will link affiliated universities worldwide through real-time online lectures and discussion panels, plus six months of field training in developing countries. Organizers hope that eventually the MDP's global classroom will inspire additional universities to adopt similar curricula.
Note: This article was originally printed with the title, "Masters of Sustainability".


Kerrie Wechmann
Kerry with the final product: her honours thesis!
I did my honours from mid-2010-mid-2011. My research project focused on how behaviour and social interactions influence reproductive success in Eastern Water Skinks (Eulamprus quoyii)
Specifically, I attempted to answer the following questions:
1. Do males that win more interactions/contests have higher reproductive success?
2. Do males that spend more time interacting with females have higher rates of paternity? (I.e. lower levels of multiple paternity within clutches).
3. Do male that have established territories have higher levels of reproductive success? (Activity levels/movement around enclosure and how this impacts on fitness).


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A super-powered neutrino generator could in theory be used to instantly destroy nuclear weapons anywhere on the planet, according to a team of Japanese scientists.
If it was ever built, a state could use the device to obliterate the nuclear arsenal of its enemy by firing a beam of neutrinos straight through the Earth. But the generator would need to be more than a hundred times more powerful than any existing particle accelerator and over 1000 kilometres wide.
"It is really quite futuristic," Alfons Weber, a neutrino scientist at Oxford University, UK, told New Scientist. "But the maths and physics seems to be right."
John Cobb, another researcher at Oxford University, cautions: "It might be technically feasible, given massive investment, but there are still unsolved problems."


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What are the real procedural costs of bariatric surgery? A systematic literature review of published cost analyses
Doble B., Wordsworth S., Rogers CA., Welbourne R., Byrne J., Blazeby JM.
This review aims to evaluate the current literature on the procedural costs of bariatric surgery for the treatment of severe obesity. Using a published framework for the conduct of micro-costing studies for surgical interventions, existing cost estimates from the literature are assessed for their accuracy, reliability and comprehensiveness based on their consideration of seven 'important' cost components. MEDLINE, PubMed, key journals and reference lists of included studies were searched up to January 2017. Eligible studies had to report per-case, total procedural costs for any type of bariatric surgery broken down into two or more individual cost components. A total of 998 citations were screened, of which 13 studies were included for analysis. Included studies were mainly conducted from a US hospital perspective, assessed either gastric bypass or adjustable gastric banding procedures and considered a range of different cost components. The mean total procedural costs for all included studies was US$14,389 (range, US$7423 to US$33,541). No study considered all of the recommended 'important' cost components and estimation methods were poorly reported. The accuracy, reliability and comprehensiveness of the existing cost estimates are, therefore, questionable. There is a need for a comparative cost analysis of the different approaches to bariatric surgery, with the most appropriate costing approach identified to be micro-costing methods. Such an analysis will not only be useful in estimating the relative cost-effectiveness of different surgeries but will also ensure appropriate reimbursement and budgeting by healthcare payers to ensure barriers to access this effective treatment by severely obese patients are minimised.


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What's The Real Story Behind the Term 'Kangaroo Court?'
Hopefully you'll never be tried by a kangaroo court. And no, that doesn't mean the jury will be made up of boxing marsupials.
A 'kangaroo court' is a law court set up to look like justice is being served, when in fact the proceedings are a farce, held only for the sake of appearances. It's also held in baseball clubhouses to hand down penalties for poor play. There seems to be several theories out there as to how this expression got started. Let's take a look at a few.
An Australian Origin?
Since kangaroos are found only in Australia, you would think the term does in fact come from Down Under. When settlers were first making their way across the Outback, they would hold 'hopper's courts' from time to time, when there was some legal trouble that needed resolving. 'Hopper' most likely refers to kangaroos, but unfortunately there is a lack of written documentation, or evidence, that proves this term was in fact used by early European pioneers in Australia, although many claim it was.
Animals That Likes To Stare
So what do kangaroos have in common with a jury of your peers? Well, apparently when a roo, or a boomer encounters a human being, it will halt in its tracks and gape blankly at the person in question for a long time, before eventually skipping off. Perhaps that vacant stare is reminiscent of the looks jurors get when they are mulling over the facts of a difficult case.
An American Origin
Americans in the 19th century knew about kangaroos, even if they'd never see one before, and their famed jumping abilities. It seems the term sprung into usage around the 1850s, during the California Gold Rush, to describe 'claim jumpers.' Claim jumpers were people who grabbed the land rights of others, especially mineral rights. Kangaroo courts might have been set up by those involved in the mining profession to deal with these jumpers.
Modern Day Kangaroo Courts
These days it seems you most often read about kangaroo courts when some dictator wants to give the appearance of serving justice, when in fact the decisions the 'court' will eventually arrive at have been decided well ahead of time. Perhaps the 'kangaroos' being referred to are simply the wild jumps in logical these types of proceedings tend to make.
Regardless of the true origins of this term, try not to become the defendant in one of these trials, because the ruling won't go in your favor. Best avoid tangles with the law in places where kangaroo courts prevail.


What is a School of Living Traditions?
A School of Living Traditions (SLT) is one where a living master/culture bearer or culture specialist teaches skills and techniques of doing a traditional art or craft. The mode of teaching is usually non-formal, oral and with practical demonstrations. The site maybe the house of the living master, a community social hall, or a center constructed for the purpose.
Basiao, Basey SLT on Tikog Weavig (PMED)
Who teaches at SLTs?
It is the culture bearer or master or specialist. This term refers to the individual who is recognized to possess the skills and techniques in doing a particular traditional art or craft. He shall be responsible in teaching his craft to a group of learners and shall ensure that his/her students learn the craft.
blaan slt
Blaan SLT on Blaan Traditional Attire (PMED)
Who are the students at SLTs?
It is limited to the young people from the same ethno-linguistic community.The establishment of Schools of Living Traditions (SLTs) is in response to UNESCO's call for the preservation of cultural heritage by preserving it in a living form, ensuring its transmission to the next generations (the other approach being the recording of it in a tangible form and conserving it in archives). While there are various facets of cultural heritage that can be transmitted to the next generations, this program would like to specifically focus on the transmission of indigenous skills and techniques to the young. It aims to encourage culture specialists/masters to continue with their own work, develop and expand the frontiers of that work, and train younger people to take their place in the future.
The program for the establishment of SLTs is also anchored on the mandate of NCCA to:
(1) conserve and promote the nation's historical and cultural heritage by encouraging and supporting the study, recognition and preservation of endangered human cultural resources such as weavers, chanters, dancers and other craftsmen, as well as the conservation and development of such artistic, linguistic and occupational skills that are threatened with extinction; and
(2) preserve and integrate traditional culture and its various creative expressions as a dynamic part of the national cultural mainstream by helping set up or encourage, monitor and subsidize companion systems at the regional, provincial and local levels, intended to develop traditional cultures such as arts/crafts centers, preferably in community settings apart from the usual museum settings, where exponents of living arts and crafts can practice and teach their art and enrich contemporary designs.Specifically, the program aims to identify aspects/components of traditional culture and art considered to be important to a cultural community that should be imparted to the young so that these aspects can be perpetuated.
Schools of Living Tradition Guidelines ׀ List of Schools of Living Traditions
Northern Cultural Communities
Central Cultural Communities
Southern Cultural Communities
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The Case For Inclusive Governance: Empowering The Urban Poor To Adapt To Climate Variability
Associate Professor Gina Ziervogel will be presenting a webinar on her paper which argues that inclusive governance is necessary if the urban poor are to adapt to climate risk. When city officials and the urban poor collaboratively govern environmental risk, transformative capacity can be strengthened. Ziervogel argues that in order to achieve inclusive governance, three components are needed:
This approach, that includes the urban poor as central actors in the development of adaptation responses, places non-state actors squarely in the decision making and implementation space. This is urgently needed to underpin transformation. Drawing on two cases from different urban contexts in South Africa, this webinar will explore the extent of inclusive governance in the everyday practice of responding to climate variability at the interface of local government and the urban poor.


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Nota di lavoro // Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei: Sustainable development 50.2009
This paper provides new empirical evidence on Environmental Kuznets Curves (EKC) for greenhouse gases (GHGs) and air pollutants at sector level. A panel dataset based on the Italian NAMEA over _PHONE_ is analysed, focusing on both emission efficiency (EKC model) and total emissions (IPAT model). Results show that looking at sector evidence, both decoupling and also eventually re-coupling trends could emerge along the path of economic development. CH4 is moderately decreasing in recent years, but being a minor gas compared to CO2, the overall performance on GHGs is not compliant with Kyoto targets, which do not appear to have generated a structural break in the dynamics at least for GHGs. SOx and NOx show decreasing patterns, though the shape is affected by some outlier sectors with regard to joint emission-productivity dynamics, and for SOx exogenous innovation and policy related factors may be the main driving force behind observed reductions. Services tend to present stronger delinking patterns across emissions. Trade expansion validates the pollution haven in some cases, but also show negative signs when only EU15 trade is considered: this may due to technology spillovers and a positive race to the top rather than the bottom among EU15 trade partners (Italy and Germany as the main exporters and trade partner in the EU). Finally, general R&D expenditure show weak correlation with emissions efficiency. EKC and IPAT derived models provide similar conclusions overall; the emission-labour elasticity estimated in the latter is generally different from 1, suggesting that in most cases, and for both services and industry, a scenario characterised by emissions saving technological dynamics. Further research should be directed towards deeper investigation of trade relationship at sector level, increased research into and efforts to produce specific sectoral data on environmental innovations, and to verifying the value of heterogeneous panel models capturing sector heterogeneity.
Greenhouse Gases Air Pollutants NAMEA Trade Openness Labour Productivity EKC STIRPAT Delinking


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Example 7-9. Examples:
_TAG_(1,2,3) #(1,2,3) _TAG_ #
create_expression ==> # [ type_specifier ] [ ( modal_list ) ]
Immutable and reference object creation expressions are a convenient shorthand used for creating new objects and initializing their attributes. A creation expression is a special syntactic sugar for a call on a routine named 'create' with the specified arguments.'self' is given the default void value described on See void expressions in this call. The type defining the 'create' routine may be explicitly specified as a reference or immutable type. If the type is not explicitly specified, then it is taken to be the declared type of the context in which the call appears (and it must be an immutable or reference type). A type must be specified when it cannot be inferred from context: if the expression appears as the right hand side of a '::=' assignment (See Assignment statements), as a method argument in which overloading resolution would otherwise be ambiguous, or as the left argument of the dot '.' operator (See Method call expressions).


Question: Do Plants Have The Same Stem If Not Give Their Differences?
What makes plants so special?
Plants help to clean water too..
Which plants have no leaves?
Mosses and liverworts may still have photosynthesis, but they do not have that 'classic' plant structure. Then you will find species such as cacti that don't have leaves. They conduct photosynthesis in their stems.
Why don t all plants look the same?
All plants are made up of similar parts, but they often look different. Like animals, those that look more like each other than any other plant belong to the same species. … Herbaceous plants have leaves and stems that die at the end of the growing season. Woody shrubs have stems that are covered by a layer of bark.
What are the 4 types of stems?
How does a stem look like?
Stem, in botany, the plant axis that bears buds and shoots with leaves and, at its basal end, roots. … In most plants the stem is the major vertical shoot, in some it is inconspicuous, and in others it is modified and resembles other plant parts (e.g., underground stems may look like roots).
What is the difference between a root and a stem?
The part of the plant which is present above the surface of the soil is called Stems, while Roots is the part of the plant which is present below the soil surface.
What do stems have that roots don t?
One simple difference is that stems bear leaves, and roots don't. … Similarity: Both stems and roots contain vascular tissues (xylem and phloem), the circulatory system of the plant. Difference: In herbaceous stems, the vascular tissues are contained in bundles; these bundles sit relatively near the surface of the stem.
What would happen if we break the stem of a plant?
The stem of a tender plant can be easily damaged by high winds, heavy rains or poor handling. This vital part of the plant transports the nutrients from the water and soil to its blossoms and leaves. If the stem becomes broken or bent, it can interrupt this flow and can cause your plant to die.
Do all plant cells look alike?
However, plant cells and animal cells do not look exactly the same or have all of the same organelles, since they each have different needs. For example, plant cells contain chloroplasts since they need to perform photosynthesis, but animal cells do not.
What is the difference between the two types of stems?
The pith is the median strip: it can be hollow or not and can contain wood in some plants. There are two main types of stems: woody, which are tallest, thickest and firmest and tend to be trees; and herbaceous, which are stems that are mostly supported by water.
How can plant stems be different?
Key PointsMost stems are found above ground, but some of them grow underground.Stems can be either unbranched or highly branched; they may be herbaceous or woody.Stems connect the roots to the leaves, helping to transport water, minerals, and sugars to different parts of the plant.More items…
Which plant does not have stem?
Bryophytes have no roots, leaves or stems. Moss and liverworts belong to this group. They are flowerless plants that grow in clumps.
Why do plants look different?
These differences in plants are called variations. The plants vary in many ways. The plants vary by the number of leaves they might have in a group, shape of the leaves, what color the flowers are or when the flowers might bloom. Botanists use these differences or characteristics to help identify the plants.
What is stalk in flower?
Peduncle: The stalk of a flower. Receptacle: The part of a flower stalk where the parts of the flower are attached. … Petal: The parts of a flower that are often conspicuously colored. Stamen: The pollen producing part of a flower, usually with a slender filament supporting the anther.
What is stem in tree?
A stem is one of two main structural axes of a vascular plant, the other being the root. It supports leaves, flowers and fruits, transports water and dissolved substances between the roots and the shoots in the xylem and phloem, stores nutrients, and produces new living tissue.


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Arabian babbler (Turdoides squamiceps)
|Also known as:||Arabian brown|
|French:||Cratérope écaillé arabe|
|Size||Length: c. 28 cm (2)|
|Weight||65 - 85 g (2)|
The Arabian babbler is classified as Least Concern (LC) on the IUCN Red List (1).
A superbly camouflaged dark brown bird, from a distance the Arabian babbler (Turdoides squamiceps) appears rather plain, but upon closer inspection the fluffy plumage is in fact quite attractive. The feathers covering the head have dark centres with white edges, giving an appealing mottled effect. The dark centres of the feathers on the underparts become lighter and the white turns a tan colour. The Arabian babbler has short, curved wings, an elongated tail that balances the bird as it weaves through dense or thorny vegetation, and a long, thin, slightly downward-pointing bill (2).
The Arabian Babbler is found from Yemen, Oman and the United Arab Emirates in the southern Arabian Peninsula into Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Israel and Egypt (3).
The Arabian babbler is found in a variety of different habitats, ranging from arable land and plantations, to grassland, saltmarshes, shrubland and true desert, up to altitudes of 2,800 metres (3). In the Negev desert of Israel, the Arabian babbler uses Acacia bushes for cover and nest sites (2) (4).
Remaining close to cover, the Arabian babbler feeds mainly on insects, but during the winter when insects are scarce, it feeds largely on fruit, as well as small lizards and snakes (2) (5). The Arabian babbler reproductive cycle is the most studied of the babbler species (6). Generally, two to three eggs are laid in an open-cup nest in a small tree (6), but in areas of reproductive conflict, multiple females will lay eggs in a single nest (2). The eggs are then incubated for some 14 or 15 days. Fledglings continue to receive food from adults up to two months after fledging (6). Babblers are cooperative breeders, meaning small, compact family groups cooperate to defend a territory and raise offspring. By defending an area with family members and helping to raise siblings, juvenile babblers build strong bonds within the group, which may help gain territories in later years, when they in turn breed (2) (4).
With a population that is thought to be increasing, there appear to be no major threats to the Arabian babbler. However, there are some local scale threats, including the unsustainable pumping of groundwater, which causes widespread tree mortality, resulting in uninhabitable areas (6). Furthermore, it is considered the most common resident bird in the Negev desert in Israel (2).
There are currently no known conservation plans targeting the Arabian babbler, although it is found within a number of protected areas (1).
For more information about conservation in the Emirates
The Environment Agency – Abu Dhabi:
For more information on the Arabian babbler and other bird species, see:
Authenticated (21/01/2011) by Dr A Ridley, Research Fellow, Macquarie University,
- Incubate: to keep eggs warm so that development is possible.
- Territory: an area occupied and defended by an animal, a pair of animals or a colony.
IUCN Red List (September, 2010)
- Zahavi, A. (1990) Arabian babblers: the quest for social status in a cooperative breeder. In: Stacey, P.B. and Koenig, W.D. (Eds.) Cooperative Breeding in Birds: Long-term Studies of Ecology and Behaviour. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
BirdLife International - Arabian babbler (September, 2010)
- Perrins, C. (2009) The Encyclopedia of Birds. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
- Dean, W.R.J. (2004) Nomadic Desert Birds. Springer-Verlag. Germany.
- Ridley, A. (January, 2011) Pers. comm.


_USER_{NBERw16177, title = "Financial Connections and Systemic Risk", author = "Franklin Allen and Ana Babus and Elena Carletti", institution = "National Bureau of Economic Research", type = "Working Paper", series = "Working Paper Series", number = "16177", year = "2010", month = "July", doi = {10.3386/w16177}, URL = "_URL_ abstract = {We develop a model where institutions form connections through swaps of projects in order to diversify their individual risk. These connections lead to two different network structures. In a clustered network groups of financial institutions hold identical portfolios and default together. In an unclustered network defaults are more dispersed. With long term finance welfare is the same in both networks. In contrast, when short term finance is used, the network structure matters. Upon the arrival of a signal about banks' future defaults, investors update their expectations of bank solvency. If their expectations are low, they do not roll over the debt and there is systemic risk in that all institutions are early liquidated. We compare investors' rollover decisions and welfare in the two networks.}, }


What is the difference between the Express and Comprehensive Diagnostic modes?
The express diagnostic checks every device on you laptop once to determine how much power it consumes, the comprehensive diagnostic checks three times. Testing multiple times improves the accuracy of the results generated from the diagnostic. We recommend that you try a comprehensive diagnostic as it will give you better results for future use of the product.
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Today is the first day of a month-long celebration of anything and everything Hispanic, or Latino, as we like to call ourselves. Over 20 years ago, then President Ronald Reagan enacted into law Hispanic Heritage Month, a 30-day period which starts on September 15th and ends on October 15th to recognize the contributions of Hispanics in this country.
Today, September 15th, has always been a fiesta day in my calendar since my second home-El Salvadorcelebrates the anniversary of its independence, El Día de la Independencia, as well as Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua. Tomorrow, Mexico goes all out to commemorate their Fiesta Patrias, and Chile has its own independence fete on September 18th. Now that's a lotta partying going on in the Latino world! Why shouldn't the 44 million of Latinos in the U.S. not join in with our own celebration?
I like the idea of taking advantage of this celebration to teach our children about our heritage. The media outlets, schools, libraries and such go all out to this month to create festivities, award shows, special programming, etc about Latinos and our traditions and contributions to our country. This is the perfect moment to immerse your child and for him to see himself-his language, his food, his traditions, his way of life reflected. A good dose of positive self-identity in our ethnically diverse society is an excellent way to boost his self-esteem and pride in his roots. This, in turn, can reinforce his respect for learning and maintaining his heritage language.
Here are some activities centered around Hispanic Heritage that your family, and your bilingual efforts, can benefit from:
- Take advantage of the many cultural parties and Fiestas de Independencia going on in museums, malls, universities and local civic centers.
- Check your local libraries and bookstores schedule this month for special bilingual storytimes focused on Hispanic Heritage. I know even my local Barnes and Noble is hosting a Spanish storytime this month.
- Read together a book from Colorin Colorado's Hispanic Heritage Booklist. Make it a cultural event at home.
- Watch together the amazing four-hour series PBS has put together about the history of Latin music in the U.S.–Latin Music, USA. It airs on October 12 and 19 on your local PBS station. I personally can't wait to watch it because it explores all the levels in which the many genres of music we recognize as "American" have actually been influenced by Latino musicians and rhythms. Older kids will definitely identify with this documentary and will serve to instill more pride in the contributions made by Hispanics. You can also watch Latin Music, USA and other great stories about Latinos at the Nuestras Historias PBS website.
- Celebrate the culture of food by cooking recipes from different countries of Latin America. This site has 14 Latino recipes that might inspire you like Pabellón Criollo (Venezuela), Mangú (Dominican Republic), and Gallo Pinto (Costa Rica).
With so much to do, I'm excited it's a whole month.
Here at SpanglishBaby, we're kicking off the celebrations tomorrow with an interview with José Luis Orozco. Orozco is a much admired musician, author of children's books and bilingual educator whom, in our book, is a true Latino to admire for his incessant work to preserve our culture and traditions through folk music and songs for our children.
We're also giving away a pack of Orozco's bilingual CDs and storybooks exclusively to one of our newsletter subscribers. You have all month, until October 15th, to subscribe to receive the very first edition of our combined SpanglishBaby and SpanglishBabyFinds newsletter full of discounts and bilingual goodies. Just enter your email here.
How will you take advantage of the Hispanic Heritage Month festivities?
We invite you to visit our new sister site, SpanglishBabyFinds, where we review the coolest products made with Latino and/or bilingual kids in mind. Today you can win the brand new Dance With Me Dora. ¡A bailar!


, 𝜅 is thermal diffusivity, 𝜇𝑚 is magnetic permeability, and 𝜂 is magnetic diffusivity. Equation (3) is known as Darcy-Lapwood-Brinkman equation and is valid for 0.8<𝜙<1. Givler and Altobelli [18] shown that the range of Λ=𝜇𝑒/𝜇 varies from 0.5 to 10.9. 𝑀 is dimensionless heat capacity and is defined as the ratio of the effective heat capacity of the porous medium to the heat capacity (𝜌𝐶𝑝)𝑓 of the fluid. In a nonporous medium, 𝜙=𝑀=Λ=1 and 𝐾 and (3) reduces to Navier-Stokes equation. In this paper, for sparsely packed porous medium, we consider 𝑀=0.9,𝜙=0.9. The conduction state is characterized by𝑉𝑠=0,𝑇𝑠=𝑇0Δ𝑇𝑑𝑧,(7) and we take the temperature perturbation as 𝜃=𝑇𝑇𝑠. We use the scaling𝑥𝑥=𝑑𝑦,𝑦=𝑑𝑧,𝑧=𝑑,𝑡=𝑡𝑀𝑑2,/𝜅𝑢=𝑢𝜅/𝑀𝑑,𝑣=𝑣𝜅/𝑀𝑑,𝑤=𝑤,𝜅/𝑀𝑑𝜃=𝜃Δ𝑇,𝑃=𝑃𝜌0𝑀2𝜅2𝑑2,𝐻=𝐻𝜅𝐻0./𝜂(8) Here 𝑀𝑑2/𝜅 is thermal diffusion time in a porous medium. Using (6) and (8), we can write basic dimensionless equations for magnetoconvection in a porous medium as𝑉=0,𝐻=0,(9)1𝑀2𝜙Pr1𝜕𝑉+1𝜕𝑡𝜙𝑉𝑉𝑄Pr2Pr1𝐻𝜕𝐻𝑄𝐻𝑃𝜕𝑧=𝑀Pr1+𝑄2Pr2Pr1||𝐻||2+𝑄𝐻𝑧1𝑀𝐷𝑎𝑉+Λ𝑀2𝑉+𝑅𝜃̂𝑒𝑧,(10)𝜕𝜃+1𝜕𝑡𝑀𝑤𝑉𝜃=𝑀+2𝜃,(11)𝜙Pr2Pr1𝜕𝐻𝜕𝑡𝑀2𝐻=×𝑉×̂𝑒𝑧+Pr2Pr1×𝑉×𝐻.(12) The dimensionless parameters required for the description of the motion are Rayleigh number 𝑅=𝑔𝛼Δ𝑇𝑑3/𝜅𝜈, thermal Prandtl number Pr1=𝜈/𝜅, magnetic Prandtl number Pr2=𝜈/𝜂, Chandrasekhar number 𝑄=𝜇𝑚𝐻20𝑑2/4𝜋𝜌0𝜈𝜂, and Darcy number 𝐷𝑎=𝜅/𝑑2. The Curl of (10) gives1𝑀2𝜙Pr1𝜕+1𝜕𝑡𝑀𝐷𝑎Λ𝑀2𝜕𝜔𝑄𝐽𝜕𝑧𝑅×𝜃̂𝑒𝑧=𝑄Pr2Pr1×𝐻𝐻1𝑀2𝜙2Pr1×𝑉𝑉,(13) where vorticity 𝜔=×𝑉, current 𝐽=×𝐻 and ×𝑉𝑉=𝑉𝜔𝜔𝑉,×𝐻𝐻=𝐻𝐽𝐽𝐻.(14) The Curl of (13) in turn gives, after use of (9),1𝑀2𝜙Pr1𝜕+1𝜕𝑡𝑀𝐷𝑎Λ𝑀22𝑉𝑅2𝜃̂𝑒𝑧𝜕𝜃𝜕𝜕𝑧𝑄𝜕𝑧2𝐻=1𝑀2𝜙2Pr1×𝑉𝜔𝜔𝑉𝑄Pr2Pr1×𝐻𝐽𝐽𝐻.(15) Now taking the scalar product of (12), (13), and (15) with ̂𝑒𝑧, we get,𝜙Pr2Pr1𝜕𝜕𝑡𝑀2𝐻𝑧𝜕𝑤=𝜕𝑧Pr2Pr1̂𝑒𝑧×𝑉×𝐻.(16)1𝑀2𝜙Pr1𝜕+1𝜕𝑡𝑀𝐷𝑎Λ𝑀22𝜔𝑧+𝑄𝜕𝐽𝑧𝜕𝑧𝑅𝜕𝜃𝜕𝑥=𝑄Pr2Pr1̂𝑒𝑧×𝐻1𝐻𝑀2𝜙2Pr1̂𝑒𝑧×𝑉𝑉,(17)1𝑀2𝜙Pr1𝜕+1𝜕𝑡𝑀𝐷𝑎Λ𝑀22𝑤𝑅2𝜕𝜃𝑄𝜕𝑧2𝐻𝑧=1𝑀2𝜙2Pr1̂𝑒𝑧×𝑉𝜔𝜔𝑉𝑄Pr2Pr1̂𝑒𝑧×𝐻𝐽𝐽𝐻.(18) Geophysically acceptable velocities of propagating instabilities corresponding to geometric scalar variations occur only Pr2/Pr1>1 (where instabilities develop in ohmic diffusion timescale 𝑑2/𝜂), Pr2/Pr1=2 and 5, when the turbulent is present in the Earth's outer core. In the case of Pr2/Pr11 the instabilities are extremely slow depending on the thermal diffusion timescale 𝑑2/𝜅. Using (11), (18), and (16) can be reduced to a form𝑤=𝒩,(19) where𝒟=𝜙𝒟Pr1𝜕𝑄2𝜕𝑧2𝒟2𝑅𝑀2𝒟𝜙,(20)𝒩=𝑄𝒟2Pr2Pr1𝜕𝜕𝑧𝐻𝑤𝐻𝑉𝑧+𝒟𝒟𝜙̂𝑒𝑧1𝑀2𝜙2Pr1×𝑉𝜔𝜔𝑉𝑄Pr2Pr1×𝐻𝐽𝐽𝐻𝑅𝑀2𝒟𝜙𝑉𝜃,(21) here𝜕𝒟=𝜕𝑡2,𝒟𝜙=𝜙Pr2Pr1𝜕𝜕𝑡𝑀2,𝒟Pr1=1𝑀2𝜙Pr1𝜕+1𝜕𝑡𝑀𝐷𝑎Λ𝑀2,2=𝜕2𝜕𝑥2,2=𝜕2𝜕𝑥2+𝜕2𝜕𝑧2.(22)
Boundary Conditions
We assume that fluid is contained between 𝑧=0 and 𝑧=1, where 𝑧=0 corresponds to boundary of solid iron core with Earth's mushy layer and 𝑧=1 corresponds to boundary of Earth's mushy layer with Earth


text:
Implementation and verification of a hybrid performance and impedance model of gridded radio-frequency ion thrusters*
THM University of Applied Sciences, Department of
Electrical Engineering, Wiesenstrasse 14, 35390
Received in final form: 14 August 2015
Published online: 8 October 2015
In this paper, we show the development steps for an iterative performance and impedance model of gridded radio-frequency (RF) ion thrusters. The input parameters are equivalent to those of the real propulsion system; i.e., coil current, propellant mass flow, and extraction grid voltages. Therefore, the model is easily validated and verified by experimental data and can furthermore be used to optimize the overall thruster performance. The model predicts volume-averaged plasma parameters such as electron temperature, conductivity, total pressure, and ionization fraction as well as thruster performance data like generated thrust, specific impulse, and mass and electrical efficiency. The above mentioned plasma parameters are obtained as functions of the discharge chamber's geometry by using a charge balance equation that relates generated ions to ions lost at the chamber's walls. The plasma related quantities influence the electromagnetic field penetration which is here evaluated by means of a diffusion equation for the vector potential. The vector potential is obtained by a 3D Finite-Difference-Method on a cubic and rectangular grid which, in principle, offers the opportunity to have arbitrary plasma chamber and coil geometries. An actual ion thruster geometry is evaluated in this study in favor of experimental verification of the numerically obtained data. The thruster's coil generates highly asymmetric electromagnetic fields which motivates the use of a three-dimensional solver. A dissipation model based on Ohm's law and Poynting's theorem is used to determine the absorbed power within the discharge. To obtain a stable solution, the electromagnetically absorbed power is equated to the power lost due to elastic and inelastic collisions and electron wall flux. This whole process is iteratively repeated until the degree of ionization converges within a given threshold. To relate the stable discharge parameters to the thruster performance an extraction model based on a modified version of Child-Langmuir's law is used. Within the model, the extracted ion beam current is calculated as a function of extraction aperture, applied extraction voltage, and plasma sheath size. A particle balance equation is then used to iteratively compute the total pressure combining neutral, electron, and ion pressures. After convergence, the plasma impedance, typically described by a transformer model, is transformed to its equivalent series representation as seen by the RF source at its terminals. Furthermore, thruster performance data are evaluated which gives rise to use this model for optimization purposes. It can thus be regarded as a toolbox for virtual prototyping.
© EDP Sciences, Società Italiana di Fisica, Springer-Verlag 2015


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On March 24th the third Mehringplatz MapLab has taken place at the Kiezstube. The neighbourhood mapping exercise has been coordinated by the social designers Stefan Göllner and Jan Lindenberg of place/making Berlin. With the help of an appositely prepared mapping set using transparent layers, the group of participants has been involved in a short walk of the area, mapping very different phenomena or elements characterising the neighbourhood.
Each one has selected a different subject according to their background and interest, ranging from more volatile behaviours and signs to the physical distribution of different typologies of objects. Among the chosen subjects:
- Salma: places of gathering / socialization
- Rasha and Rossella: gender distribution / gendered use of space
- Ahmed: accessibility / fenced spaces
- Iman: spoken languages
- Li: signs and bills
- Stefan: seats / benches
- Jan: Bycicles stalls
- Lorenzo: Fading city
- Li: Sounds
While the itinerary to follow has been free choice of every participant, three main spot have been identified, mandatory to each one to cross: the Mehringplatz "Rondell", Theodor Wolff Park, and the Blumenmarkt/Besselpark.
Back to the Kiezstube, the single patterns captured by the participants have been overlapped and confronted, discussing connections and matching or mismatching configurations. Furthermore, a set of existing mappings of Mehringpltaz printed in scale have been provided to add other layers of information to confront with the observation of the participants.


text:
Using Expert Interviews, Automated Search and Natural Language Processing to Identify Content for Instructional Materials and Assessment Development
UCLA's Center for Research on Evaluation, Standards, and Testing (CRESST), working with its partner organization, the Center for Advanced Technology in Schools (CATS), has developed an innovative approach to identifying the conceptual content for inclusion in instruction and assessment.
With funding from the Institute of Education Sciences, CATS is developing learning games focused on acquiring pre-algebra schema and skills. For this effort, CRESST designed approaches to build in valid outcome development and then strategies to compare means that lead to the most effective learning.
To develop the goals for the games and to make them congruent with Common Core State Standards, the R&D team used the design of ontology to translate the verbal standards statements into network representations that define the universe of content and cognition included in the standards. READ MORE


- Sunday, Aug 01, 2021
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Words of wisdom
 - Published at 06:03 pm April 15th, 2017
 - Last updated at 06:56 pm April 15th, 2017
Words of wisdom
We have just finished celebrating our Bangla New Year 1424. Thus, I felt the need existed to acquaint readers about the role played by adages in our lives.
Proverbs, adages, or "bochons" are short pithy sayings in common use. In origin, they belong to the same stage of ethnic and racial history as ballads and folk songs, and are sometimes related to the fable and the riddle.
Bochons and proverbs are found all over the world in every ethnic community. They provide an insight into the effects of cultural conditions, language, and local variations on expression. They form part of codes of behaviour, and exemplify the use of the sayings in the transmission of tribal wisdom and rules of conduct. Often, the same adage can be found in many variants. This process is similar in the case of Bengali adages.
In Bengal and its adjoining regions, bochons transcended boundaries and found expression with comparative similar meanings in other languages and dialects spoken in the Indian States of Orissa, Assam, Bihar, and Tamil Nadu, and also in Nepal.
Another common element in the proverbs and adages of Europe and that of Bengal is its fondness for homely imagery. This is so, because, in both instances they originated from rural sources. In Europe, they refer to pot and kettle, sheep, horse, cock and hen, cow and bull, dog, and the events of everyday life. In the case of Bengal, the adages and bochons refer to domestic animals and economic activities involving daily life.
All bochons and adages, however short they might be, have a singular characteristic: They generally have philosophical content and connote a special meaning. Such expressions are usually formulated on the basis of broad experience and not on emotion.
They are mental in character and social in nature. As a result, some Bangla linguists refer to adages as being "crystallised forms of human experience."
Bangla adages normally have dual meanings -- a literary and an inner meaning. Normally, the importance of the bochons lies in the significance of the symbolical meaning. As a consequence, sayings with metaphorical quality are more easily recognised as proverbial. This is what distinguishes it from an idiom. From that point of view they are really signposts and in a manner of speaking "fragments of an elder wisdom."
Bengali proverbs and bochons normally consist of a descriptive element that contains a topic and a comment. Based on common sense, they have in the villages of Bengal over the years, assumed the unwritten status of morality. They also reflect the ethos and, in more ways than one, the cultural identity of the people of this region.
Bangla adages usually have a theme and a distinct meaning. Some of them rely on the contradictory nature of the construction while others are comparative or complementary in nature. There are proverbs and bochons that deal with principles of social science, politics, and even economics. There are also bochons which deal with the weather, weather patterns, the supernatural, flora and fauna, and also the importance of astrology in daily life.
A careful analysis of the early economic history of Bengal indicates that farming and being associated with agriculture was considered very honourable
Mohammad Hanif Pathan, in his publication Bangla Probad Parichiti realistically identified the difficulties associated in the collection and publication of proverbs. He also correctly explained the significant factor of adages being based on oral tradition.
This creates its own dynamics and practical day-to-day interaction. It also moulds collective experience and helps in the evolution of terminology and idioms.
A historical appreciation of Bangla bochons and their relevance to rural Bengal would, however, be incomplete without reference to our ancient seer Khana.
Sayings of Khana form part of this country's traditional agricultural norms. They also constitute, in a manner of speaking, a body of suggestions regarding public health.
For many centuries, these have contributed towards understanding of this country's evolution in civilisation and culture. In Khana's bochons, most of the references are to paddy, bananas, and various types of vegetables. They are sometimes also philosophical in content. In her rhythm and prosody, Khana appears to be mostly under the influence of a particular period of medieval Bengali grammar. Another distinct feature is the great similarity between Khana's sayings and proverbs in Uriya in Kanara, Telegu, and Nepali.
This association between bochons and Bangla as a language has old roots. Different excavations carried out in 24 parganas, Mednipore and in Birbhum in the present day Indian State of West Bengal have indicated clear evidence of a continuing civilisation rich with agricultural knowledge.
A careful analysis of the early economic history of Bengal indicates that farming and being associated with agriculture was considered very honourable. Numerous references exist in Khana to the important role that farmers played in the economic history of Bengal. This was also evident in the poetry of the famous medieval poet Mukondoram, particularly in his work "Chandimongal."
Khana particularly noted more than once "goru, joru, dhan, ei tine rakhe maan," "jar golai nai dhan, tar abar kothar tan," and "jar nai goru, shey shobar horu." In all these sayings, Khana underlines the importance of having healthy farming animals and farm implements, for, essentially, these were, and still are, the factors for creating wealth in a rural household.
Surveys conducted in the near past in different districts of Bangladesh have revealed that though the inhabitants have not formally read about Khana, her adages, practiced locally, continue to have an unconscious impact on their daily lives.
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the joint distribution of the random variables f(x1),f(x2),...,f(xn) is Information Theory, Inference, and Learning Algorithms - D. Mackay. Provided two demos (multiple input single output & multiple input multiple output). It has also been extended to probabilistic classification, but in the present implementation, this is only a post-processing of the regression exercise.. explicitly indicate the dependence on Î¸. function coefficients, Î², _PHONE_ 00000 n simple Gaussian process Gaussian Processes for Machine Learning, Carl Edward Gaussian Processes for Machine Learning presents one of the … the trained model (see predict and resubPredict). of the response and basis functions project the inputs x into Keywords: Gaussian processes, nonparametric Bayes, probabilistic regression and classiﬁcation Gaussian processes (GPs) (Rasmussen and Williams, 2006) have convenient properties for many modelling tasks in machine learning and statistics. The error variance Ï2 and the coefficients Î² are estimated from the Do (updated by Honglak Lee) November 22, 2008 Many of the classical machine learning algorithms that we talked about during the ﬁrst half of this course ﬁt the following pattern: given a training set of i.i.d. You can specify the basis function, the kernel (covariance) function, The advantages of Gaussian Processes for Machine Learning are: Compute the predicted responses and 95% prediction intervals using the fitted models. vector h(x) in Rp. I'm trying to use GPs to model simulation data and the process that generate them can't be written as a nice function (basis function). This code is based on the GPML toolbox V4.2. Massachusetts, 2006. of the kernel function from the data while training the GPR model. Accelerating the pace of engineering and science. Based on where f (x) ~ G P (0, k (x, x ′)), that is f(x) are from a zero mean GP with covariance function, k (x, x ′). A wide variety of covariance (kernel) functions are presented and their properties discussed. a p-dimensional feature space. Kernel (Covariance) Function Options In Gaussian processes, the covariance function expresses the expectation that points with similar predictor values will have similar response values. Gaussian Processes for Machine Learning Carl Edward Rasmussen Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics Tu¨bingen, Germany Carlos III, Madrid, May 2006 The actual science of logic is conversant at present only with things either certain, impossible, or entirely doubtful, none of which (fortunately) we have to reason on. your location, we recommend that you select:. fitrgp estimates the basis where xiââd and yiââ, Gaussian processes (GPs) provide a principled, practical, probabilistic approach to learning in kernel machines. Gaussian processes Chuong B. Gaussian Processes for Machine Learning (GPML) is a generic supervised learning method primarily designed to solve regression problems. and the hyperparameters,Î¸, The example compares the predicted responses and prediction intervals of the two fitted GPR models. and the training data. Try the latest MATLAB and Simulink products. probabilistic models. In machine learning, cost function or a neuron potential values are the quantities that are expected to be the sum of many independent processes … 3. covariance function, k(x,xâ²). is usually parameterized by a set of kernel parameters or hyperparameters, Î¸. Gaussian processes (GPs) provide a principled, practical, probabilistic approach to learning in kernel machines. The standard deviation of the predicted response is almost zero. Because a GPR model is probabilistic, it is possible to compute the prediction intervals using The values in y_observed1 are noise free, and the values in y_observed2 include some random noise. written as k(x,xâ²|Î¸) to RSS Feed for "GPML Gaussian Processes for Machine Learning Toolbox" GPML Gaussian Processes for Machine Learning Toolbox 4.1. by hn - November 27, 2017, 19:26:13 CET... Matlab and Octave compilation for L-BFGS-B v2.4 and the more recent L … Therefore, the prediction intervals are very narrow.
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text:
The first time gym-goers hear the word "burpee," they laugh. Then they learn what that word means and they groan. Often used interchangeably with "squat thrust," it refers to an exercise combining a squat with a push-up, two of the most effective body weight movements out there. Pair them together, and you have an overall strength builder guaranteed to leave you out of breath in seconds.
That's why in the fitness world these days, the burpee is king. It's raising heart rates at boot camps, martial arts classes, personal training sessions and, most of all, at CrossFit facilities. The international network of gyms that promote back-to-basics techniques for "forging elite fitness" have elevated the exercise into a must-do for its athletes.
"I'm a burpee connoisseur. I've done many in my life, tried numerous types, and I'm always awed by their power," says Andrew Killion, owner of District CrossFit in Washington, who says that every time he wants to make a workout tougher, he just adds in a few burpees.
When Jen Ator, the fitness editor at Women's Health magazine, was on her lacrosse team in college, the punishment for not showing up on time for practice was performing burpees continuously for each minute of tardiness. One morning, she slept through her alarm and was 20 minutes late, which led to a workout she'll never forget. But although she cursed the exercise that morning, she's become a believer, too. Ator uses 10 to 20 reps as a warm-up, as a cardio burst during circuit training or even as a stand-alone workout when she's crunched for time.
With no equipment, and barely any space, anyone can follow her lead, regardless of fitness level.
History of the burpee
According to the Oxford Dictionary, the term originated in the 1930s: "Named after Royal H. Burpee, American psychologist. The original usage was Burpee test, in which a series of burpees are executed in rapid succession, designed to measure agility and coordination." But there's a bit more to the story than that.
Burpee (_PHONE_) was a physical education advocate who worked for the Greater New York YMCA for more than 50 years. It was in that context that he developed his test, which was used by the Navy and Army, according to a New York Times article from 1959.
"He was a physical fitness nut. Not only did he do them, my father also did them as part of an exercise routine daily," says Royal H. Burpee III, a 57-year-old plastics salesman in Easton, Pa., who does not do them. But he had to in high school gym class. When his teacher wouldn't believe that Burpee's grandfather was responsible for the exercise, young Roy brought in a copy of his book "Seven Quickly Administered Tests of Physical Activity."
Still, the idea that Burpee – or anyone we can pinpoint – "invented" the burpee seems dubious, because the exercise is based on such functional movements that all humans do. Think about a sun salutation, says Lance Breger, head private trainer at D.C.'s Mint Fitness. The yoga series involves going from a standing position into chaturanga (often called yoga push-ups) and getting back up again. "It's the same thing," he says.
Ask five people to describe a burpee, and you're likely to hear five different answers. Some people decree that there's always a push-up. Others say the real rule is to touch your chest to the ground. Some jump up at the end, while others just return to standing. But the basic framework is always the same and brings similar bodily benefits: Go from a vertical position to a horizontal one and pull yourself back again.
That means even the newest exercisers can comfortably perform a modified version, says Lance Breger of Mint Fitness. He has clients start by squatting and putting their hands on a bench. They can stick one leg out behind them, then the other, hold that position briefly and return to standing.
And, of course, there are lots of ways to make the exercise more challenging, work additional muscles and hone other skills, such as agility and balance. Here's a list to try:
- Instead of a push-up, perform six mountain climbers (while your feet and hands are on the ground, alternate jumping each foot toward your chest).
- Grip dumbbells during the exercise. After the push-up, add in two rows before getting up.
- Hold a medicine ball or Bosu (curved side down). Instead of placing your hands directly on the ground, balance on the ball to introduce instability to your push-up.
- Balance on just one leg throughout the movement, so you're doing a single-leg push-up and hop. "That's an advanced move I break out when the time is right," Breger says. Another option: Use just one arm.
- Perform the exercise next to a bar. When you jump up, grab it to do a pull-up.
- Put a box in front of you, and rather than jumping straight up, leap on top of it.
- Find a partner. Decide a total number of reps for both of you – say, 100. Do as many as you can, and when you need a break, tap your partner to start on his or her reps. Switch back and forth until you've hit your target. "It'll keep your mind from focusing on how hard it is," Ator promises.
As if a single burpee weren't bad enough, some fitness geniuses have devised ways to make the exercise even more cruel. Dare to try one of these:
The 100-Day Burpee Challenge: On the first day, do one burpee. Not too bad. But each day you add a burpee, so by Day 100, you do 100. Miss a day? You need to make up the reps you skipped before completing the current day's count.
Prison Burpee Workout: Even if you don't have much space in your jail cell (or living room), you can attempt this series of descending sets. Start with 20 burpees, take a quick breather, then do 19, rest and continue until you reach zero.


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Child sponsorship provides children with access to education. In this picture, children, many of them sponsored, play games and attend class at a Lower Primary School in Amri, India. World Vision provided furniture for the school.
- A Happy Childhood
- The man who wants to see his 'child' become a Collector