Question: Which Flower Symbolizes Healing?
What does a sunflower symbolize?
What does a sunflower symbolise.
Sunflowers symbolise loyalty, adoration thanks to the myth of Clytie and Apollo.
And, because of their association with the sun, sunflowers are well-known for being a happy flower and the perfect bloom for a summer flower delivery to brighten someone's mood!.
What do lilies represent?
Each different variety of lily holds a different meaning. But the most common meaning is purity and fertility. The sweet and innocent beauty of the lily flower has given it the association of fresh life and rebirth.
What is a symbol for healing?
A snake coiled around a staff is a widely recognized symbol of healing. A snake coiled around a staff is a widely recognized symbol of healing. The staff belongs to Asklepios, the mythical Greek god of medicine.
What flower symbolizes hope and strength?
GladiolusGladiolus. Remembrance, faithfulness, and sincerity all are represented by the gladiolus. Their tall, strong stems symbolize a strength of character as well.
What flower means self love?
NARCISSUSNARCISSUS: Egotism, conceit, self love, self admiration, formality, stay as sweet as you are. Also known as the birthflower for December.
Do plants have healing properties?
Plants with healing properties Several are edible (as detailed below) and none of them is poisonous. Aloe vera gel inside the leaves soothes and heals the skin, and extracts from the plant are used in everything from shaving cream to sun lotion. … Both leaves and flowers are edible and can be used in salad.
What is the most resilient flower?
Resilient flowers for spring and summerSanguisorba 'Red Thunder' If you're looking to turn heads with something a little more unusual, this Sanguisorba is just the ticket. … Salvia nemerosa 'Caradonna' … Euphorbia charcias subsp. … Amelanchier lamarkii. … Hydrangea paniculata 'Limelight' … Alchemilla mollis. … Cosmos.Apr 23, 2019
What flower symbolizes happiness?
Pink Rose. The blush colour of these buds symbolises happiness, joy, gratitude and admiration. They are a favorite in bridal, thank you and congratulations bouquets..
What flower represents healing?
PeonyPeony have long been known for their healing powers.
What plant represents healing?
Aloe Vera: Healing and Protection Unsurprisingly, Aloe vera plants are usually associated with healing and protection.
What color means friendship?
What flowers symbolize friendship?
1. Yellow rose. The yellow rose is perhaps the best known flower of friendship.
What is the most healing plant?
Nature's 9 Most Powerful Medicinal Plants and the Science Behind ThemTurmeric.Evening primrose oil.Flax seed.Tea tree oil.Echinacea.Grapeseed extract.Lavender.Chamomile.More items…•Feb 28, 2019
What color means happiness?
Is there a symbol for joy?
Light is the symbol of joy and of life-giving power, as darkness is of death and destruction. … In our physical world we see things through the medium of light. In the symbolic world, we see not with light but with wisdom. Therefore, light is often associated with enlightenment.
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QA 8-Aug 12,2011
In the (Mahabharata) war field, Krishna showed Arjuna his Vishwa roopa. When will you show your vishwa roopa?
Sri Sri Ravi Shankar:
The conch has not yet been blown for start of war! Krishna showed the Vishwa roopa only to Arjuna. First you become Arjuna. How to become like Arjun? What is Arjuna? To prayerfully request for knowledge and to progress is Arjuna.


[Pixman] [PATCH 0/7] lowlevel-blt-bench test pattern parser
Ben Avison bavison at riscosopen.org
Mon Apr 13 10:42:45 PDT 2015
On Mon, 13 Apr 2015 12:31:35 +0100, Pekka Paalanen wrote:
> Apart from restructuring, there is one significant(?) difference to
> Ben's patches: for a solid mask, Ben used a8r8g8b8, but my code uses a8.
I had to remind myself how things hang together to check if this is
significant or not...
When lowlevel-blt-bench tests a solid image (source or mask), it achieves
it not by calling pixman_image_create_solid_fill() but by creating a 1x1
pixel bitmap using pixman_image_create_bits(). However, the effect is
effectively the same because compute_image_info() detects single-pixel
bitmaps and records it in image->common.extended_format_code before we
start doing fast path lookup. However, image->type remains as BITS rather
than SOLID because the non-common parts of the pixman_image union retain
their original meaning - for a native solid fill image, it's just the
colour in three different formats, but for bitmap images it's a pointer
to and sizes of the bitmap and colour LUT (if applicable), various helper
function pointers and so on.
A typical ARM assembly fast path is written to assume that any argument
corresponding to a solid colour is already in an 8888 format where the
red-blue ordering is the same as the destination image. The magic that
ensures this is hidden in the wrapper C function generated by
PIXMAN_ARM_BIND_FAST_PATH_N_DST and similar, where it calls
_pixman_image_get_solid(). You'll see similar calls more explicitly in
pixman-fast-path.c (architecture-neutral fast paths) and the equivalent
sources files for other architectures.
There are a few circumstances where you might not want to use
_pixman_image_get_solid() - perhaps most obviously are the operations
which use a solid image in pixel format a2r10g10b10 because you'd lose 2
bits of precision per colour component. There are a few example of those
amongst those you picked out in special_patterns[].
It's worth noting that _pixman_image_get_solid() has optimised code to
extract the colour from image->type==BITS images if the source/mask image
is of format a8r8g8b8, x8r8g8b8 or a8. Other formats will still work, but
more laboriously.
Not that any of this should matter at all for the purposes of
lowlevel-blt-bench. _pixman_image_get_solid() is only called once per
call of pixman_image_composite(), so it is part of the overhead that
should be being accounted for by the code wrapped in _TAG_ EXCLUDE_OVERHEAD.
> should we also add a condition, that if a test has CA flag and a solid
> mask, then that mask needs to be a8r8g8b8?
That might be desirable, if only because lowlevel-blt-bench initialises
all its images using memset(0xCC) so an a8 solid image would be converted
by _pixman_image_get_solid() to 0xCC000000 whereas an a8r8g8b8 would be
0xCCCCCCCC. When you're not in component alpha mode, only the alpha byte
matters for the mask image, but in the case of component alpha
operations, a fast path might decide that it can save itself a lot of
multiplications if it spots that 3 constant mask components are already 0.
> None of the existing tests has a solid mask for CA tests. I'm not sure
> how much it makes sense.
When you're in component alpha mode, mathematically the source and mask
images are interchangeable. So you could implement over_8888_n_8888_ca by
calling over_n_8888_8888_ca, and we already have a number of fast paths
for operations of the latter form. (I'm not aware that Pixman is - yet -
aware that it can make such substitutions, but I'm sure it could be
> Ben, when we eventually get to the actual optimization patches, I expect
> I will reproduce the benchmarks myself while reviewing. Is that ok?
That's definitely fine by me, thanks for offering. Fingers crossed it
doesn't substantially change the results :-)
> What do you think of this series?
In general, it looks like an improvement to me. I don't think the test
programs have had this much attention in a while! One minor point in
patch 6's log message, you copied my typo:
should be
More information about the Pixman mailing list


text:
FAO Releases Climate Change Mitigation in Agriculture Learning Materials
November 2012: As part of the global learning efforts on sustainable agriculture to help meet climate change mitigation goals, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO) has released the materials and presentations from the 11 webinar sessions held during the month of September 2012 on "Conservation agriculture for climate change mitigation."
The learning event was organized by the community of practice for climate change mitigation in agriculture. It explored issues related to: organic carbon accumulation and emissions from conservation agriculture; the relevance of conservation agriculture in arid and semi-arid areas; and suitable machinery for climate-smart conservation agriculture. [FAO Learning Event on Conservation Agriculture for Climate Change Mitigation]

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
New method of determining geographic origin of humans
Leiden researchers have developed a new method of determining the geographic origin of humans. Archaeologist Jason Laffoon and his team used the technique to discover where precolonial pioneers in the Caribbean region came from.
When we research human migration in the past, it is a challenge to pinpoint where exactly different individuals or groups came from. DNA studies are widely used methods for research on human remains, but in terms of geographic origins, these genetic studies provide more information about the ancestors of the individual found, according to Dr Laffoon. 'The DNA cannot tell us about an individual's personal origin, where he or she spent their childhood,' he explains.
Isotope research is increasingly being used to determine the origin of archaeological (or forensic) remains. Based on radioactive isotopes in the human remains, it is possible to distinguish between locals and immigrants. 'Although we can trace which individuals are immigrants in the area, we still don't know where they came from.'
Laffoon and his team combined isotope research with GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and statistical analyses to develop a new method that makes it possible to determine where the individual originally came from. Laffoon: 'We can combine this with biochemical analysis of human remains, such as teeth, so that we are able to determine the geographic origin of individuals.'
The team tested this new method on the tooth of a modern person of known origin - from Caracas, Venezuela - and the results showed a very good match with this location. The team then tested the model on two archaeological teeth from different sites in the Caribbean, of which the origin was suspected. While less precise than with the modern tooth, the results of these tests also indicated specific regions as the places of origin.
Archaeology and forensic research
The new method earned Laffoon's team a publication in the scientific journal PLOS ONE. The team is now working on further validating the method. 'The technique has the potential to strongly improve the precision and accuracy with which the origins can be determined,' says Laffoon. 'This could have very important implications not only for archaeological studies of migrations but also for forensic research into, for example, the identification of human remains in crime investigations.'


Document Type
Grey Literature
Publication Date
collection management, collaborative selection, active selection, weeding, mental health libraries
Weeding is a common theme in library literature. But, while librarians often use circulation statistics or other data as general guidelines for weeding print collections, few consider the value of actively engaging affected populations during the weeding lifecycle, particularly in the early stages of selecting material for retention. This paper describes a collaborative project between librarians and non-library faculty and staff to identify and retain the materials that would establish a core library collection, increase collection and resource accessibility, and aid in a library's transformation into a more student-centered space. The paper concludes with an overview of outcomes and describes how the weeding project contributed to the library's ablity to function within a more contemporary framework of service while also shifting expectations of the library's role within the greater university.


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OCTOBER 3, 2000
Good morning, Mr. Chairman and members of the Committee. I am Olivia Golden, Assistant Secretary for Children and Families within the Department of Health and Human Services. I appreciate the opportunity to appear before you today to talk about the Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP) and how it helps millions of Americans maintain a safe, comfortable, and stable home environment. The topic of this hearing - the effect of the energy crisis on low-income families - takes us back to the beginnings of the LIHEAP program. The program grew out of a series of emergency programs generated by the energy crises of the late 1970s. It took on its current form with the realization that there needs to be a continuing Federal role in ensuring that low income families and individuals have adequate home energy balanced with State flexibility in designing the best program approach to meet their needs.
The LIHEAP program continues to fulfill its dual responsibility to provide ongoing assistance where it is most needed and to respond to emergency situations such as extreme weather conditions, supply disruptions, or price spikes. I will discuss LIHEAP emergency contingency funding and the Leveraging Incentive Program a little later, but first, I would like to tell you more about the basic, underlying program.
LIHEAP Block Grant Program
In FY 1999, LIHEAP provided winter assistance to about 3.6 million households. Forty-seven percent of those households included children; thirty-five percent included at least one elderly person; sixty percent received food stamps; and thirty percent received Supplemental Security Income (SSI). Twenty-four percent of families receiving LIHEAP assistance did not receive benefits under any other public assistance program, or reside in subsidized housing.
The basic appropriation for FY 2000 was $1.1 billion, the same level as in FY 1999. In its FY 2000 appropriations cycle, Congress enacted an advance appropriation of $1.1 billion for FY 2001, as requested by the President.
LIHEAP Grantees
Funds are allocated to States based on a statutory formula established when the program began based on low income population, home energy expenditures by low-income households and cold weather. Almost two-thirds of the funds go to Northeastern and Upper Midwestern States. State and Federally recognized tribes may request direct funding from the Department of Health and Human Services, and about 130 tribes and tribal organizations do so. A very small amount goes to the territories. When I speak of States today, I really am referring to all LIHEAP grantees.
Types of Assistance
The LIHEAP statute defines "home energy" as a source of heating or cooling in residential dwellings. All States run a heating assistance program. Each LIHEAP grantee also has a method to deal with households facing crisis situations -- generally a shut-off notice or an empty fuel tank. Most States deal with crises in a separate component that operates apart from, and sometimes at different times than, the heating assistance component.
Help in paying winter heating bills can mean the difference between self-sufficiency and financial disaster. An elderly person, a family moving from welfare to self-sufficiency, or a working parent may be able to make ends meet most of the year. A LIHEAP benefit to help with the major heating bill can make it possible for the elderly person to stay in her home, for the family on welfare to move toward self-sufficiency, and for the working parent to avoid having to seek other forms of public assistance.
For example, according to a study on the relationship between utility termination and homelessness, 32 percent of homes in Philadelphia where electric service was discontinued were abandoned within one year, as were 22 percent of the homes where residential gas service was terminated. A study of the effect of unaffordable home energy bills in Missouri found that more than half of frequent movers claimed unaffordable heating bills were an important factor contributing to their most recent move. In this way, LIHEAP assists low-income families with meeting their total housing costs.
You'll be hearing a little later from Jerry McKim, the administrator of Iowa's Energy Assistance Program, about his state's recent study that found that households faced with unaffordable energy bills were going without basic necessities such as food and medical care, or falling behind in paying their rent or mortgage in order to pay their heating bill. We are impressed time and again by the resourcefulness of LIHEAP staff in State and local agencies to use LIHEAP funds to provide meaningful help to families facing a home energy crisis. These workers on the front lines generally resolve or avert the crisis by telephoning the energy vendor, who maintains or restores service based on an assurance that a LIHEAP benefit is to be paid. If the household's arrearage is higher than the maximum benefit amount, local workers often can find other sources of assistance to supplement the LIHEAP benefit. They can also refer the household to other forms of assistance they might need.
For example, Federal LIHEAP staff told me about one letter they received from a man whose power had been disconnected. He also was facing eviction because a motorcycle accident had left him unable to work. The federal staff referred the case to the State LIHEAP program. The local community action agency caseworker not only helped the man get LIHEAP benefits, but also helped him find a job and worked out a payment arrangement with his landlord.
A LIHEAP crisis benefit obviously means a warm home (or sometimes a cool one). But it also often means the difference between a family staying in their home or having to move, with all the disruption that entails. Having to move because there's no heat can mean that a person can't get to his job, that a child has to change school or leave a Head Start program, or that child care arrangements must be changed.
LIHEAP funds also can be used to provide cooling assistance in the summer, but block grant funds are not often used for that purpose. While Only a few States have programs that offer either heating or cooling assistance, very few have separate cooling components under the block grant program.
Many States take advantage of the opportunity to use as much as 15 percent of their LIHEAP funds for weatherization and other low-cost energy-related repairs. Under certain circumstances, a State can ask for a waiver to use up to 25 percent for weatherization. The flexibility to use a small portion of LIHEAP funds in this way allows States to help households make their energy bills more affordable.
States can change their programs during the year simply by amending their State plans. They do not need approval from us to do so. This often happens when States receive emergency contingency funds, but they can make changes at other times as well.
Eligibility Requirements
Grantees may set their maximum income eligibility level as low as 110 percent of the poverty level or as high as the greater of 150 percent of the poverty level or 60 percent of State median income.
Legislative changes in 1994 made it possible for grantees to look less at absolute income levels and more at need. In setting eligibility levels, States may give priority to households that pay a large percentage of their income for home energy or that include members who have the greatest energy need because of age or health. We are engaged in a continuing process with our grantees to give States the tools they need to make their targeting more precise and to develop performance measures.
You will note that flexibility is a common theme in my testimony on the LIHEAP block grant. I can't emphasize enough the importance of the flexibility that the statute gives States to develop their own programs. Clearly, the needs of Maine are very different from the needs of Florida, or even Connecticut. Florida, undoubtedly, is a lot warmer than Maine, but Florida also has about 12 times more low-income households than Maine. Connecticut and Maine both have a lot of cold weather, but Maine is a much more rural State than Connecticut. In Maine, small "Mom and Pop" vendors, as opposed to large, commercial vendors, provide about half of the fuel oil and kerosene for energy to low income households. Even though all three of these states are heavy users of fuel oil for heating, the different circumstances of each state require that they negotiate different pricing arrangements with vendorsnegotiating this type of energy for low-income families requires different approaches. Small, local vendors present more of a challenge for low-income families in Maine than in much more For example, more urban States such as Massachusetts or Connecticut can negotiate lower prices for LIHEAP recipients because where the the larger commercial vendors in these states can absorbnegotiated prices for this population the reduction in price for this population. The small, local vendors in Maine, by contrast, are less able to offer discounted prices. States have wide flexibility to adjust their programs to account for such local differences.
A number of States have been successful in negotiating reduced rates for LIHEAP households. For example, Massachusetts and Connecticut have very sophisticated pricing mechanisms that allow them to pay a fixed rate over the price of fuel oil in the harbor, thus realizing substantial savings for their clients. Minnesota negotiates specific discount rates with each of its fuel vendors.
Because the funding formula isvery heavily weighted by cold weather patterns, the Northeastern and upper Midwestern States receive LIHEAP funding that is proportionately greater than States in the South or West. When it comes to LIHEAP, one size definitely does not fit all.
Emergency Contingency Funds
In the 1994 LIHEAP reauthorization bill, Congress authorized an annual emergency contingency fund. Funds appropriated for this fund are available for immediate release in emergency situations


Monday, 6 February 2017
The Great Ideas ~ The Difference Between Knowledge and Opinion
The Difference Between Knowledge and Opinion
Luckman begs another question to Adler: Does freedom of conscience give a person a right to his own opinion in matters of religion and, if so, are matters of religious belief and religious faith simply matters of opinion rather than knowledge? Adler responds that this question is contained in the fourth question, as we try to separate the "sphere" of knowledge from the "sphere" of opinion.
Before he begins, Adler investigates the difference between knowledge and "right opinion". With knowledge, you have the truth and know that it is true. With right opinion, you have the truth but you will not understand why it is true.
Public Opinion
George Bernard O'Neill
source ArtUK
It's Better To Be Ignorant Than Wrong
Therefore, ignorance is closer to knowledge than error. In fact, to impart knowledge, one must first correct error to get the person in a state of ignorance so they can then begin to learn. This method was Socrates' principle of teaching. He would go around "cross-examining the pretenders to knowledge and wisdom," and by this method demonstrate their errors.
Virtue and Nobility Putting
Ignorance to Flight (c. 1743)
Giovanni Battista Tiepolo
source ArtUK
School Children Mainly Learn Opinions
Ooo hoo! This should be a good one!
"And whenever a teacher appeals to his authority to persuade the students to believe something, that teacher isn't teaching; he's really only indoctrinating them; he is forming right opinions in their minds."
Luckman wonders how much, if any knowledge is taught in schools and if it's even possible to attain knowledge in these institutions. Alder, while acknowledging that it's a difficult question, promises to address it by dividing the domain of knowledge from that of opinion.
A School Teacher Explains (1516)
Hans Holbein the Younger
source Wikiart
Opinions Are Accepted Voluntarily
Skeptics Deny That We Have Knowledge
The Skeptic
Michel Montaigne represent an extreme of skepticism, stating that everything is a matter of opinion and that man knows nothing. The illusions of the senses cause us to think we know when in fact, "... we mustn't be fooled by the feelings which we sometimes have of certainty." David Hume exhibits a more moderate skepticism, stating that we do have some knowledge, but it is knowledge based on science and mathematics. Hume believes that this is the only knowledge of which we're in possession. Hume's famous statement sums up his beliefs:
"If we take in our hand any volume..... let us ask 'Does it contain any abstract reasoning concerning quantity or number?', that is, is it a work in mathematics? Or let us ask, 'Does it contain any experimental reasoning concerning matters of fact and existence?', that is, is it a work in experimental science? If the answer to both these questions is no, Hume says, 'Commit it then to the flames: for it can contain nothing but sophistry and illusion."
Life's Illusions (1849)
George Frederick Watts
source Wikiart
Answer To The Skeptic
(ooo, this is good)
Adler first looks at perceptual illusion. How do we know that there are illusions? We can only know something as an illusion if "we regard some sense perceptions as accurate," otherwise we couldn't categorize others as illusions. If there are two lines on a paper that look different lengths, but we pick up a ruler and measure each finding that they are the same, we correct an illusory perception. But if one sees the measurement itself as a perception and not as knowledge, one couldn't have called the wrong perception an illusion.
With regard to mathematics, the opponent could say that "mathematics is not based only on assumptions but upon axioms, self-evident truths," as are metaphysics and other branches of philosophical science.
History and experimental science likely fall under the label of highly probable opinion, so perhaps in this case the skeptic and his opponent are in agreement, however experimental science is a type of conditional knowledge, "conditional upon the state of the evidence at a given time."
Paolo Vernese
source Wikart
Is Religion A Matter of Opinion?
 1. William James asserted that "religious faith is an act of the will to believe and this act of the will to believe takes place when we are beyond the evidence or the evidence is insufficient." James believed that faith was strictly opinion.
 2. Thomas Aquinas believed, as James, that faith is an act of will, but unlike James, believed it is an act of will motivated by "the supernatural gift of the grace of God." For Aquinas, faith wasn't knowledge or opinion but somewhere in between.
To expand, Adler quotes Aquinas:
If doubt or fear accompany the experience, you have opinion, but if certainly follows, one has faith. Aquinas continues: "And this certainty of faith, results from the fact that it is supernatural," this gift from God, "since man, by assenting to maters of faith, is raised above his nature, this must needs accrue to him for some supernatural principle, moving him inwardly, and this is God. Therefore faith, as regard to the assent which is the chief act of faith, is from God, moving man inwardly by grace."
Luckman doesn't see how Aquinas has proven faith is intermediary, between both knowledge and opinion, rather like both of them, and Adler expands. Faith is like opinion because it is an act of will ("Now faith is the substance of things hoped for, the evidence of things not seen." Hebrews 11:1 NKJV), but it is also knowledge, in that there is a certainty that is even greater than the certainty of ordinary knowledge, but this certainty is based on the supernatural gift of grace.
⇐ How To Think About Opinion Opinion and Human Freedom ⇒
 1. Thanks for the like, and the like, and the like...... Gee, it sounds like it should be put to music! ;-)


In 1958, nuns and children died in fire at school in Chicago
Judith Bainbridge
The front page of The Greenville News on Dec. 2, 1958
Three nuns and scores of children died when fire swept through Our Lady of the Angels School in northwest Chicago on the afternoon of Dec. 1, 1958. One of the worst school tragedies of the century, the fire, which started in the corner of a basement corridor, climbed rapidly up a staircase to classrooms on the second floor where seventh and eighth graders were taught. The nuns, who belonged to the order of the Sisters of Charity of the Blessed Virgin, died when they were overcome with smoke while they were trying to lead the children out of the building.
When firemen arrived on the scene, they discovered children crying and hanging out of upper floor windows. Some youngsters escaped by crawling out the doors while others were killed sitting at their desks. Initially concerned that the fire had been an arson attempt because the 40-year old building was solidly built, fire investigators later discovered that two boys had been sneaking a cigarette at a location where oil-soaked rags had been thrown. The perpetrators were not discovered.


All above 18 to vaccinate by end of 2021
Parliamentary Secretary, National Health Services Regulations and Coordination Dr Nausheen Hamid on Tuesday said that Pakistan's health authorities were on track to administer Covid-19 vaccination to almost 70% of its targeted population by end of December 2021, over 20 million Pfizer vaccine doses will reach in the country soon.
'Government's strategy is to maintain balance between safety of our population and their social well-being and economic sustainability', she said while talking to media.
The Pfizer vaccine will only be utilized in limited areas of the country where ultra cold chain would be available for its storage during the ongoing vaccination campaign, she said, adding that special refrigerators would be used to store the Pfizer BioNtech and other vaccines in future.
'Pfizer vaccine has to be kept at minus 70 degrees Celsius, which is a challenge for developing countries where we will have difficulties in maintaining a cold chain', she added.—APP
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Bar  lets the user set numeric values.
 SpinButton  can be used to scroll through a range of values or a list of items,
 or to change the value displayed in a text box.
 Image  used for adding an Image to a form.
Adding controls to a user form
 To add a control to a user form, point and click on the control in the Toolbox
 then drag to the point on the form where it is required and click.
 In this example, we will develop a Form that inputs two numbers and
 provides three buttons on the form: one to add them, one to multiply them
 and one to quit. The steps are:
 1 Open a new workbook and press [Alt]+[F11] to go to the VBE. Select Insert
 > UserForm. A blank user form and the toolbox palette will be displayed.
 2 Change the Caption on the user form from UserForm1 to Calculator by
 clicking the Caption property (see Figure 10.2) in the Properties pane.
 The form has a default name of UserForm1
 Caption property appears here
 when changed in Properties pane
 Userform1 property caption
 set to Calculator
 Figure 10.2 Screenshot of form design for Calculator
3 We now need to create some labels and text boxes to allow the data to be
 input. First, click the Label tool and drop the label on to the position shown
 on the form. Resize it using the mouse. Rename it Number One. Do the same
 for the other labels. Create the text boxes as shown in Figure10.3. Click the
 Text tool and drop to the position on the form as shown. Now set the Name
 property from the default values of TextBox1 and TextBox2 to firstbox and
 secondbox respectively.
4 Create three buttons and label them ADD, MULTIPLY and QUIT by
 setting the Caption properties. Set their Names to add, multiply and quit.
 Text boxes
 Figure 10.3 Screenshot displaying the labels, text boxes and buttons
5 Now its time to start writing the event handler code. First, double-click the
 ADD button. You should see the lines Private: Sub add_Click() and End
 Sub from where you can enter the code. Enter the code as shown in Listing
 10.1. This is the event handlers VBA code for the ADD button. Repeat the
 process, entering Listing 10.2 for the MULTIPLY button and Listing 10.3
 for the QUIT button.
6 Test the program by clicking the Run button on the Standard toolbar and
 trying different combinations of numbers in the boxes and clicking on the
 various buttons.
Listing 10.1 The Add event handler
 Private Sub add_Click ()
 Dim number1 As Integer
 Dim number2 As Integer
 Dim result As Integer
 number1 = firstBox.Value
 number2 = secondBox.Value
 result = number1 + number2
 resultBox.Value = result
 End Sub
Listing 10.2 The Multiply event handler
 Private Sub multiply_Click()
 Dim number1 As Integer
 Dim number2 As Integer
 Dim result As Integer
 number1 = firstBox.Value
 number2 = secondBox.Value
 result = number1 * number2
 resultBox.Value = result
 End Sub
Listing 10.3 The Quit event handler
 Private Sub quit_Click ()
 Unload calculator
 End Sub
 Figure 10.4 The Calculator program at work
Data entry forms
 This example has a custom dialog box in the SALESMAN workbook to
 enable the user to input a new rep name along with the corresponding sales
 to date. This data would then be transferred to the Weeklysales sheet and
 appended to the repName list, along with the corresponding sales.
 The purpose of the form is to insert an extra row and add the representative
 name in the repName list. When the data is transferred to the worksheet not
 only does the new details have to be appended, but the totals figure in the
 Sales To Date column will have to be increased to include the sales for the
 new rep. This means that if a new rep is inserted  Keith in the example  then
 the sales for Keith, shown as 525, will be added to the previous total for sales
 to date giving a new value of 4846 (see Figure 10.6). The implementation of
 this VBA program is discussed later, after dealing with the form design.
Figure 10.5 Before
data entry form used
Figure 10.6 The Rep Names list appended to include a new RepName and Sales to Date
The form design
 We need to create a form to provide the user with a means of entering the rep
 name and the rep sales to date. The form design is shown in Figure 10.7. The
 form Caption property has been called Add a Rep. Two text boxes have
 been created: one for the new rep name, the other for the sales. Labels for the
 two buttons and other controls are also included. A Frameset has been added
 to surround the related items: rep name and sales, and its caption is Enter
 Details. There is also a list box, which is used to display the existing rep
 names. There are two buttons: one to add details to the worksheet, and one
 to cancel the action.
 Three event handlers are required to implement this task:
 M One for the AddDetails button on the form;
 M One for the Cancel button on the form;
 M One for the Initialize procedure. There is no button for this because its
 called automatically when the form is first opened.
 Figure 10.7 Design of the Add Rep form to SALESMAN Workbook.
 Frameset control
 Figure 10.8 Screenshot Illustrating the Setting of Object Properties
 The following Names have been assigned to the form components by setting
 their values in the Properties window:
 RepBox: the text box used to store the rep name;
 SalesBox: the text box used to store the sales name;
 RepList: the list box used to store the rep list names.
The event handlers
 The purpose of this code is to enable the user to enter a new rep name using
 the textbox (the name for this variable has been set in the Properties and is
 called RepBox), along with the corresponding sales for the Rep through the
 Starting Sales textbox. There is also a listbox included so that the user can
 check to see that they do not duplicate the entry of a rep name.
The Initialize() procedure
 When the user runs a form the User_Form_Initialize() procedure is always
 invoked first because its purpose is to initialize any variables. In this case,
 we see that (Listing 10.4) RepBox is assigned an empty value, and SalesBox
 is assigned the value 0. The next statement uses a For Each cell in Range
 ("rep_name") loop to take each name in the range and to display all the reps
 in the list box. The statement Replist.AddItem.Cell.Value inside the loop
 will take each cell value in the range and add it to the RepList listbox.
Listing 10.4 The Initialize event code
 Private Sub UserForm_Initialize()
 RepBox = ""
 SalesBox = "0"
 For Each Cell In Range ("rep_name")
 RepList.AddItem Cell.Value
 End Sub
The AddButton_Click() event
 The event handler (Listing 10.5) works by checking to see if the value in the
 textbox called RepBox is empty. If it is, then the message Enter a name for
 the rep to be added is delivered, followed by setting the focus to the RepBox
 object by using the statement.SetFocus. This will ensure that the focus will
 continue to be on the RepBox object, forcing the user to enter a value for this.
 When a non-empty value is input the focus then switches to getting a value
 from the user for the starting sales. The initial value of this variable is 0.
 The next group of statements uses With Worksheets ("weeklysales").Range
 ("total") to access properties and methods of the object called total. If you
 study the worksheets in Figures 10.5 and 10.6, you will see that it is at cell
 address A42. newSumSales = salesBox.Value +.Offset (0, 1) will assign
 the newSumSales variable to the current value of the SalesBox, plus the
 .offset (0, 1) value. Look at the worksheet in Figure 10.5 and you will see that
 this offset contains the current total. The new total will be stored in
 newSumSales. An entire row is then inserted relative to the total object using
 Next, the data is entered using the next two statements, i.e. Offset (-1, 0) =
 RepBox.Value. Note: we use Offset (-1, 0) because the new rep name


Aaron Dalton > AI-Pathfinding-AStar-0.10 > AI::Pathfinding::AStar
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 package My::Map::Package;
 use base AI::Pathfinding::AStar;
 # Methods required by AI::Pathfinding::AStar
 sub getSurrounding {... }
 package main;
 use My::Map::Package;
This module implements the A* pathfinding algorithm. It acts as a base class from which a custom map object can be derived. It requires from the map object a subroutine named getSurrounding (described below) and provides to the object two routines called findPath and findPathIncr (also described below.) It should also be noted that AI::Pathfinding::AStar defines two other subs (calcF and calcG) which are used only by the findPath routines.
AI::Pathfinding::AStar requires that the map object define a routine named getSurrounding which accepts the starting and target node ids for which you are calculating the path. In return it should provide an array reference containing the following details about each of the immediately surrounding nodes:
Basically you should return an array reference like this: [ [$node1, $cost1, $h1], [$node2, $cost2, $h2], [...],...]; For more information on heuristics and the best ways to calculate them, visit the links listed in the SEE ALSO section below. For a very brief idea of how to write a getSurrounding routine, refer to the included tests.
As mentioned earlier, AI::Pathfinding::AStar provides two routines named findPath and findPathIncr. findPath requires as input the starting and target node identifiers. It is unimportant what format you choose for your node IDs. As long as they are unique, and can be distinguished by Perl's exists $hash{$nodeid}, then they will work. findPath then returns an array (or reference) of node identifiers representing the least expensive path to your target node. An empty array means that the target node is entirely unreacheable from the given source. findPathIncr on the other hand allows you to calculate a particularly long path in chunks. findPathIncr also takes the starting and target node identifiers but also accepts a state variable and a maxiumum number of nodes to calculate before returning. findPathIncr then returns a hash representing the current state that can then be passed back in for further processing later. The current path can be found in $state-{path}>.
This module requires Heap (specifically Heap::Binomial and Heap::Elem) to function.
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Given three series $A_n \leq B_n \leq C_n$, I should prove that $B_n$ is convergent if the series of the partial sums of $A_n$ and $C_n$ are convergent.
share|improve this question
_USER_: You're mixing up sequences and series. Usually one is interested in the sequence of partial sums of a sequence, or the series associated to a sequence (the series whose terms are precisely that sequence); and $A_n$, $B_n$, and $C_n$ are themselves sequences, not series. – Zev Chonoles Jun 24 '12 at 19:30
See this question – Julián Aguirre Jun 24 '12 at 21:13
3 Answers 3
Have you tried using squeeze theorem here. It is quite useful in calculating limits of functions. See it might work for series as well because you are using the concept of convergence of the series of partial sum of $A_n$ and $C_n$.
share|improve this answer
To prove this, the hypothesis must be strengthened very slightly. We will assume not only that the partial sums are bounded, but also that the partial sums of $A_n$ and $C_n$ approach a limit, which we will denote $\sum A_n$ and $\sum C_n$, respectively.
By the first inequality, $C_n-A_n\ge B_n-A_n \ge 0$.
$\sum B_n-A_n$ is monotonic (since each successive term is positive) and is bounded above by $\sum C_n-A_n$. A monotonic sequence bounded above converges to a limit$^1$. Therefore, $\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} B_n - A_n$ exists and $\sum B_n$ converges.
$^1$This sequence is monotonic increasing, so the limit of the sequence is the least upper bound of the sequence itself.
share|improve this answer
??? A sequence can be bounded above and below and still not converge. I suspect that Mohamad is leaving out some important details of the problem. – Robert Israel Jun 24 '12 at 19:35
I need to edit it still...sorry. – Andrew Salmon Jun 24 '12 at 19:37
How do you know that $\sum C_n-A_n$ converges? – Jose27 Jun 24 '12 at 20:24
Because $\sum C_n - A_n = \sum C_n - \sum A_n$, and $\sum C_n$ and $\sum A_n$ both converge. – Andrew Salmon Jun 24 '12 at 20:27
That need not to be true. Take an increasing sequence $A_n$ that converges to $-1$ and a decreasing sequence $C_n$ that converges to $1$. Then take $B_n = (-1)^n$. Clearly the relation you state holds, but $\lim B_n$ does not exist. What I think you're looking for is the so called squeeze theorem:
Let $a_n < b_n < c_n$ for all $n \in \Bbb N$. Then if $\lim\limits_{n \to \infty} a_n = \lim\limits_{n \to \infty} c_n=\mu \in \Bbb R$ we also have $\lim\limits_{n \to \infty} b_n = \mu $.
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Your Answer


more efficient. The disadvantage of such approach is that global information has time delay so that the topology may be different from the time when past consensus was reached. We consider this to be acceptable as long as the valid path is unique or almost unique, and the valid path still exists and will be selected by honest nodes with nontrivial probability at the time of validation.
To validate a path, we validate if each node on the route is relaying the packet to its neighbor that is closest to the destination address, considering only nodes that appeared in the last X blocks, where X is configurable. To be more specific, at each hop, let the node NKN address be x, the virtual ring can be separated into m segments, where segment i contains nodes whose NKN address is between (x + 2^i) mod 2^m (inclusive) and (x + 2^(i+1)) mod 2^m (exclusive). If there are any nodes within segment i, then the node in segment i that is closest to x will be a neighbor of node x. Similarly, if the destination NKN address is located in segment i, then the node in segment i that is closest to x should be the next hop which x should send the packet to. In practice, each node validating the path will check:
 1. The next hop is indeed in segment i
 2. No node that appeared in the last X blocks is in segment i and is closer to x than the next hop.
A hop is valid if it satisfies these two conditions. A path is valid if every hop is valid. Since the validation only utilizes information in the signature chain and data in previous blocks, every node in the NKN that receives the signature chain and has previous blocks information will produce the same output, ensuring the consistency of validation.
A consequence of the above validation algorithm is that, if any hop in a path should select a node which appeared in the last X blocks but is now offline, then the actual hop will skip that node and select its immediate successor instead, make the path invalid. This cannot be avoided unless information other than previous blocks is used (e.g. ping the skipped node to see if it's indeed offline). We argue that this false negative is acceptable because it can be viewed as another random factor that rejects a portion of honest signature chain, similar to the role of the hash of the signature chain. The probability that an actual valid path is identified as valid can be computed as p = (1 — N_off / N)^l, where N_off is the number of nodes that appear in the last X blocks and then go offline when the packet is being relayed, N is the total number of nodes in the network, and l the length of the path. One can choose smaller X or making nodes more stable to reduce N_off and increase the validation rate.
Verifiable Random Function (VRF)
The signature in signature chain needs to satisfy the following conditions:
 1. Only the secret key holder can produce valid signature, no one else can compute valid signature of a message without knowing the secret key, even if knowing the valid signatures of other messages;
 2. The signature of any message should be unique, i.e. only one signature is valid for any message and key pair.
The first property (verifiability) guarantees the signature is indeed signed by the secret key holder, while the second property (uniqueness) prevents relayers from computing multiple signatures for the same message and choose the one that has largest advantage (e.g. smallest signature).
Although elliptic curved based digital signature algorithms (e.g. ECDSA) provide verifiability, they do not produce unique valid output for the same input message. A random nonce can be chosen freely to produce multiple valid signatures, and validator does not know or verify what nonce is chosen. Even in some deterministic versions of ECDSA where the random nonce is chosen deterministically (e.g. hash of the message), malicious node can still choose different nonce and produces multiple valid signatures for the same message, while the validator cannot know if the nonce is chosen in the specified way. In contrast, hash function provides uniqueness but not verifiability as anyone can compute the output.
We use verifiable random function (VRF) to compute the "signature" in signature chain as it provides both verifiability and uniqueness. In addition to the output (signature) of the message, it also produces a proof which is needed to verify the signature. Similar to signature algorithms, valid signature can only be computed if the secret key is known. Unlike ECDSA, only one signature is valid for any message in verifiable random function, although the proof may not be unique.
NKN Address Scheme
Nodes and clients have different scheme when choosing NKN address.
First, it is important that NKN address of a node is random (or at least uniformly distributed and uncontrollable) for two reasons.
1) It is hard for malicious nodes to choose specific NKN addresses. Being able to choose NKN address makes it easier for malicious nodes to attack the system as neighbors and routing are based on NKN addresses.
2) Load is more balanced among nodes given random NKN addresses, effectively making the network more decentralized.
To guarantee the randomness of NKN address and prevent malicious nodes from choosing specific NKN address, a unique, unpredictable, uncontrollable yet still verifiable function is used to generate NKN address when a node joins NKN. We choose the hash of public IP address and latest block hash at the time of node joining
Node NKN address = hash(Node public IP address, latest block hash)
 such that it's verifiable by other nodes but unpredictable in advance.
Second, clients have different NKN address scheme from nodes. The scheme should satisfy the following properties:
 1) Client NKN address is permanent such that a client can be reached from the same NKN address when in different physical network.
 2) Client NKN address is associated with its public key to avoid NKN address collision so that other clients cannot receive packets sending to it.
NKN chooses the scheme such that client NKN address is computed from a url-like NKN address string consisting of an arbitrary string chosen by the client and its public key
Client NKN address = hash("arbitrary-string.client-public-key")
 In the NKN address string, the last substring separated by a dot (client public key) represents the unique identity of the client, similar to root domain in a url; the rest is chosen by the client, similar to subdomain in a url. Such a scheme satisfies the above two properties. In addition, a user (key pair holder) can generate as many NKN addresses as he wants sharing the same account (key pair).
 Clients do not distribute their NKN addresses directly. Instead, a client distributes its NKN address string to nodes or other clients and they compute the client's NKN address locally such that they know both the client's NKN address and public key at the same time. Using such a scheme, end-to-end encryption between any clients is easy to implement.
Mining Economic Model
The total number of NKN tokens (nkn) is one billion. When the mainnet goes alive, the genesis block will generate 70% nkn. The remaining 30% will be produced by mining data transmission, and the annual output will decrease linearly within 25 years, as shown in Figure 7. The annual supply (in millions) of NKN tokens (Q) is distributed according to the time variable "T" and is excavated according to the following formula:
Because the total amount of NKN tokens is limited and mining production decreases linearly over time. This part of the mining mechanism for issuing tokens is to encourage the community to participate in the co-construction and sharing of the new Internet. The cost of NKN token is determined by the bid between the customer and the miner (similar to the Ethereum system fee); therefore, the market price change of the NKN token does not affect the equivalent price of the data transfer transaction or data transfer fee.
Figure 7 nkn annual mining amount supply curves versus time
Building an Ecosystem
The NKN ecosystem has three main goals:
 1. Ultra open. Any device can easily access NKN whenever and wherever.
 2. Share network resources. Participants receive rewards from the NKN system by sharing idle network resources with others.
 3. Building network facilities together. NKN encourages individuals and organizations to deploy devices to serve other nodes and benefit from automatic settlement while enhancing network connectivity and throughput.
Therefore, the NKN ecosystem has four main elements: network equipment/device, network infrastructure, Internet service providers, and decentralized applications, as shown in Figure 8.
Figure 8 NKN ecosystem elements and the value of NKN
In transforming traditional network infrastructure, NKN focuses on its own blockchain technology advantages and cooperation with traditional telecommunications and the Internet service providers. Recently, NKN joined the TIP (Telecom Infra Project) , a telecommunications alliance founded by Facebook, Deutsche Telekom, Intel, Telefonica, Nokia, Vodafone and BT. NKN will play a key role in the working groups such as Edge Computing Group, OpenCellular Group and TIP Community Labs. NKN's innovative economic incentive model combined with blockchain in the field of network transport will enable members of the TIP Alliance to embrace technology innovation more quickly and broadly.
In addition, NKN is also a member of the ONF(Open Networking Foundation). ONF is a non-profit organization of telecom industry giants such as AT&T, Google, Comcast, Deutsche Telekom, NTT and Turkey Telecom, which aims to introduce open source innovation into formal commercial deployment. One of the


text:
4 Ways to Set Expectations for Your Children
A growing number of parents to young adult children complain that their kids are returning home after college, with no real sense of urgency about establishing their careers and becoming independent. The reasons probably vary from family to family, but one thing is certain—you have to start early with casting a vision and setting expectations for the future for your children. (If your children are already teens or older, here are 5 Ways to Help Teens and Young Adults Become Independent.) Here are some things to think about:
1. Take the Story Out a Little Further. Lots of us talk to our kids about what to expect next: after grammar school is junior high, then high school, then college. But we don't talk as much about what happens after college or professional training. Go ahead and talk to your children about the jobs they'll have one day, and what that might look like. It will help them envision themselves in that role and succeeding.
2. Don't Worry About the Specifics. Some parents likely avoid making assumptions about what their children will be doing in their adult lives because they don't want to be guilty of pigeon-holing their kids into a particular career path. So make it clear that life after college might be as a doctor, a computer engineer, or an artist. But make it clear that we all have to find something meaningful and productive to do with our lives.
3. Encourage the Child Who Can't See It. Some kids are bold dreamers who are making big plans in preschool. Others are more timid and don't know if they could ever do 'big, grown-up things.' Encourage your more cautious child to realize that she can do big things, and that it will all seem much more realistic and achievable when she's a little older.
4. Point Out the Relationship between Today's Work and Tomorrow's Career. When you're slogging through those multiplication tables, remind your child that math will be very important to his future career—especially if he chooses a math or science-based career. It gives today more meaning, and reinforces that we're working toward a greater goal.
Related Resource: The Danger of Negative Expectations
© 2012 iMOM. All Rights Reserved. Family First, All Pro Dad, iMOM, and Family Minute with Mark Merrill are registered trademarks.


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Data loggers are one of the most important elements in data acquisition systems. These systems take in data by scanning variety of measurement sensors. These systems help in storing the entire data in memory after some programmed calculations by converting the data to measurements of different units. So, looking at the present day requirements of data acquisition systems, data loggers have become widely useful. These systems are not just used for storing data and performing calculations. They are also used to transmit data for sharing, analysis and controlling external devices. These devices are equipped with microprocessors and have internal memory for data storage. So, data loggers are used widely for some purpose or the other. Being one of the most important devices to be used now, reliability is one factor that has to be taken care of. That's what is taken care of by Photonplay.
What does Photonplay offer?
Photonplay is one stop solution provider for Data Loggers used for data acquisition. Being, in the domain for years now, has helped Photonplay know the requirements of the customers and that is one added advantage that our customers get along with quality products that are there in store. Along with Data loggers, Photonplay also offers Data Terminals and other products which are used immensely in today's market.
Some of the specifications of the products are as follows:
- Data loggers have inbuilt power regulators and the battery can be charged on site
- They are flexible to measuring multiple current sensors and analog voltage as well.
- These systems have a very simple setup.
- These can help send encrypted and secure messages.
- They have internal memory of 10 MB flash used for data storage and dedicated 2 MB for operating system which may differ with the type of product.
Now, there are various benefits having these products as they are multi-purpose products and can cater to wide range of requirements. Being, multi-purpose is not just what the products are, these also have very low maintenance cost and can operate at very low powers. These benefits make these products power efficient as they can work efficiently with less power input.
There are various other benefits associated with data loggers as well and some of them are listed below:
- Data Loggers being compact, have in house battery which powers the system. These batteries can be charged on site very easily. These devices also have inbuilt power regulator which regulates the usage of power in every process.
- These devices have very simple setup process make it easier to get it installed.
- Data loggers are very flexible in their application. They can be used for measuring current sensors and multiple pulse output.
- These systems also help send email messages and alarms. The email messages are all encrypted for data security.
Why buy our product?
Every Business strengthens by providing best in class products and constant customer support. This is synonymous to how Photonplay works. Photonplay manufactures high tech products and along with that provides the best customer support which makes it a unique and the greatest manufacturer of Data Loggers and Data Terminals. Photonplay also offers various other products in store such as led display devices and other automation systems.
So, Why Wait? Catch us now and become the testimony of new modern technological innovation.


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BARNABAS: THE MAN WHO ENCOURAGED OTHERS.
Week of May 24, 2009
Bible Verses: Acts 4:36-37; 9:26-28; 11:19-26; 13:14-15,42-43.
Lesson Focus: This lesson will help you learn how you can encourage other believers.
Be Generous: Acts 4:36-37.
 Thus Joseph, who was also called by the
apostles Barnabas (which means son of encouragement), a Levite, a native of
An example of such giving is a Hellenistic Jewish believer named Joseph, also known as Barnabas to the apostles. A Hellenistic Jew was one who grew up in and was influenced by Greek culture. Barnabas' Greek identity emerges from his roots in Cyprus. The Jews settled the island of Cyprus during the Ptolemaic period (after 330 BC) but were expelled in AD 117 after rebelling. Barnabas most likely was born there or his family came from there. His religious roots are indicated by the fact that he is a Levite, one of only three references to a Levite in the New Testament. Levites were often wealthy and very well educated, but not all were priests. Generally, Levites were not to own land. Exceptions, however, existed in the Old Testament, and life for Levites was different by the first century. Levites served in the temple, keeping watch over the gates, policing the area, instructing, and copying the Torah. Joseph is a very common name, which may explain why the apostles called him Barnabas. It is also not unusual for a person to bear two names. The meaning of Barnabas, "son of encouragement', well summarizes the way Barnabas will function in this book, as he will embrace Paul's conversion, minister with him, and be an evangelist. He is referred to twenty-three times in Acts. He will be well qualified for a mission to Gentiles, since he came from one of these Gentile areas. Part of the function of this unit is to introduce him to Luke's audience. He surely is one of Luke's heroes.
In sum, this unit testifies to the community's mutual care and the concrete expression of its unity in the voluntary pooling of resources on behalf of the community. These resources are used for the care of those in need. This meeting of needs is a theme that will surface here and there in Acts. The unity of heart and soul in this community is transparent. Not only do its members declare the word of God powerfully; they also make sure that each one in the community has access to everyday needs. Community life means both mission and mutual care. These occur because people care about one another and the cause they share. They see their obligation to God, even their worship, to be reflected in respect for other believers, what 1 John 2 calls a love for the brethren. Unity does not come naturally because we often like to go our own way. But to those who share the goal of reflecting the unity and reconciliation that Jesus brings, there is a desire to be sure that His body, the church, reflects His goals through concrete means. But communities are often build on the leading example of an important individual. In our account, this is Barnabas. In Acts he cares for the poor, gives of his resources, welcomes Paul when others are skeptical, encourages him in ministering alongside him, leads a mission in a way that takes the initiative of engagement, and testifies about the work of God to those outside and within the community. He is what we call a rounded character in literary terms, as we see him in various situations, almost always in a positive light. It is no wonder this community did so well with the example of servant leadership Barnabas gave. Luke holds him up as a disciple whose example can be followed.
Take Risks by Reaching Out to Others: Acts 9:26-28.
 And when he had come to
In Jerusalem, Saul's conversion meets with skepticism when he tries to join the disciples. It is not clear whether the report about Saul has not made it back to Jerusalem or whether once the report is received it is viewed with skepticism, especially if this Jerusalem visit is delayed by several years. At any rate, the Christians of Jerusalem are afraid of him when he first arrives. They remember what he did earlier. Barnabas speaks up for Saul before the apostles, explaining Saul's vision and bold preaching for Jesus. The expression is took him and brought him to the apostles. The idea of taking him here has the force of taking him under his wing. The verb used for Saul's preaching means to speak freely, openly, or fearlessly. It is one of two defenses Barnabas uses for Saul. Barnabas also explains how the Lord called Saul. Only someone of his stature and respect could bring the church to lay aside its fears. Barnabas will be a key companion of Saul later in Acts but will separate from him in 15:37-40 over John Mark. He is an example of someone who works for the church's unity and reconciliation.
Disciple Believers: Acts 11:19-26.
 Now those who were scattered because of the
persecution that arose over Stephen traveled as far as
[19-21] Luke looks at the ministry of those scattered in Acts 8:1-4 as a result of persecution or tribulation. Some of the scattered believers go only to Jews while others minister also to Greeks. And the word has now spread beyond Samaria to Phoenicia, Cyprus and Antioch. These locales had important Jewish communities. Phoenicia was the Mediterranean seacoast area of Syria, with Tyre and Sidon as its main cities. It was one hundred miles long and normally fifteen miles wide. Cyprus, an island to the south of Asia Minor, was one hundred miles west of northwestern Syria. It was the original home of Barnabas and had a large Jewish colony. Antioch is the second key church that Luke discusses. Its ministry becomes a point of focus for Acts. Antioch is on the Orontes River and located in what is now southeastern Turkey. It was the third largest city in the Greco-Roman world, with as high as six hundred thousand inhabitants of which perhaps twenty-five thousand were Jews. Antioch reflected a marriage of oriental and Hellenistic life with Greeks, Syrians, Phoenicians, Jews, Arabs, Persians, Egyptians, and Indians making up the population. The church with its practice and doctrine represented a distinctly countercultural way of life. It was a city full of religious activity and presence, where Judaism functioned as an exception in clinging to the one true God. In this context, the church in Antioch emerged and reached out into the larger world with its own mission. This is a mission independent of Jerusalem and shows the vibrancy of the church in Antioch. The mission meets with success because the hand of the Lord was with them. God's hand refers to His power. Note the flow of action. Enablement comes from God. Significant numbers respond. The Hellenists turn and believe. Luke uses this as proof that the Gentiles have been called to share in the grace of Christ along with the Jews since it is a result of the work of God. This verse warns us that whatever work and effort ministers of God put forth, it will be useless and ineffectual unless God is at work in their ministry. Accordingly let us not attempt anything, confident in our own abilities and diligence, but rather let us always recognize our dependence upon the work of God in and through our efforts.
[22-24] When the church in Jerusalem hears about the growth in Antioch, it sends Barnabas to investigate. Barnabas observes the grace of God and rejoices. He encourages the community to be steadfast in purpose of heart and remain in the Lord. This expression has two important parts. In the first part, steadfastness is the main idea, as the term refers to having a purpose or resolve about something. The second part is the idea of remaining or abiding in the Lord, a call to remain true or faithful to the Lord. Barnabas is commended as a messenger who is a good man, full of the Holy Spirit and of faith. No one else is called good in Acts. Barnabas gave his goods to help the Jerusalem church in Acts 4:36-37 and supported Saul in 9:27. Now he encourages the new saints in Antioch. The church needs people like him, since they often can do delicate jobs of mending and reconciliation. Luke's descriptions of Barnabas support the portrait of him as a person of maturity, promoting maturity in others and unity in the Church. In the meantime, the church is growing, as a sizeable crowd (great many people) is added to the Lord, making the development of disciples a major concern.
[25-26] Barnabas' next action was to go to Tarsus to look for Saul, for Tarsus was Saul's home town to which the Jerusalem believers had sent him, when his life was threatened [9:28-30]. That was seven or eight years previously. What he had been doing meanwhile we do not know, although in his letter to the Galatians he seems to indicate that he was preaching in Syria and Cilicia. We cannot help admiring Barnabas' humility in wanting to share the ministry with Saul, and his sense of strategy also. He must have known of Saul's calling to be the apost

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- (RP) enPR: gô, IPA: /ɡɔː/
 - (America) enPR: gôr, IPA: /ɡɔɹ/
 - (rhotic, horse-hoarse) enPR: gōr, IPA: /ɡo(ː)ɹ/
 - (nonrhotic, horse-hoarse) IPA: /ɡoə/
gore (uncountable)
 1. Blood, especially that from a wound when thickened due to exposure to the air.
 2. Murder, bloodshed, violence.
 3. (obsolete except in dialects) Dirt; mud; filth.
 - French: sang coagulé
 - German: Blut, geronnenes Blut
 - Italian: coagulo, grumo, sangue rappreso
 - Portuguese: sangue coagulado
 - Russian: (запёкшаяся) кровь
 - Spanish: sangre cuajada, sangre de la herida, sangre, crúor (poetic)
gore (gores, present participle goring; past and past participle gored)
 1. (transitive, of an animal) To pierce with the horn.
 The bull gored the matador.
 2. (transitive, obsolete) To pierce with anything pointed, such as a spear.
Translations Noun
gore (plural gores)
 1. A triangular piece of land where roads meet.
 2. (surveying) A small piece of land left unincorporated due to competing surveys or a surveying error.
 3. The curved surface that lies between two close lines of longitude on a globe
 4. A triangular or rhomboid piece of fabric, especially one forming part of a three-dimensional surface such as a sail, skirt, hot-air balloon, etc.Gore (segment)
 5. An elastic gusset for providing a snug fit in a shoe.
 6. A projecting point.
 7. (heraldry) One of the abatements, made of two curved lines, meeting in an acute angle in the fesse point.
Translations Translations Verb
 1. To cut in a triangular form.
 2. To provide with a gore.
 to gore an apron
 - (America) IPA: /ɡɔːɹ/
Proper noun
 1. Surname
 Al Gore was the 45th Vice-President of the United States.
 2. A town in eastern Southland, situated on the Mataura River.
 3. Gore Water, a minor tributary in Scotland which flows through Gorebridge to the River Esk, Lothian.
 - Russian: Гор
Offline English dictionary


text:
Natural Areas Registry
Natural Areas Registry
The Mississippi Natural Areas Registry is founded on our state's strong belief in the rights of private property owners and our pride in Mississippi's rich natural heritage. It is designed to honor and recognize the owners of outstanding natural areas for the commitment to preservation of our state's most unique remaining habitats. Since more than two thirds of Mississippi is in private ownership, our citizens hold the keys to the future health of these habitats. Remnants of prairies, longleaf pine savannahs, pitcher plant bogs, woodland ravines, streamside forests of mixed beech and magnolias are just a few of the special habitats that need to survive into the next century and longer so that our generation won't be the last to know these special places.
The registry simply encourages the voluntary preservation of
important natural lands in private ownership. It works by asking
landowners to make non-binding agreements with the Museum of
Natural Science that they will manage the land to protect what is
special about it. The landowner can cancel the agreement at any
time with notice to the Registry Program.
If the landowner wants to go farther than registry and give a binding conservation agreement, such as a tax deductible conservation easement, or a negotiated dedication to public use with ad valorem tax relief, the staff of the Natural Heritage Program can guide this process.
How Does the Mississippi Natural Areas Registry Work?
Who Operates the Registry?
The Natural Areas Registry was created by the Legislature in 1976 as part of the Mississippi Natural Heritage Program. Ours was one of the first three nationally, and was started as a partnership between The Nature Conservancy and the Mississippi Park Commission (now the Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Parks or MDWF&P). Natural heritage programs now exist in all 50 states. Our mission is to maintain an inventory of the natural communities of plants, animals, and fishes in the state, including endangered species, geological features and fossil records. Employing both printed and electronic records, it acts as a repository for Mississippi's natural history. The Heritage Program now is housed in the Mississippi Museum of Natural Science which is part of MDWF&P.
How does an area qualify for the Registry?
To qualify as a Mississippi natural area eligible for registration, a property must contain one or more of these characteristics:
- habitat for rare, threatened, or endangered plants or animals.
- plant communities characteristic of the native vegetation of Mississippi.
- outstanding natural features such as old-growth forests, caves or wetlands.
How does inclusion on the Registry protect a natural area?
Registration effectively encourages conservation of important natural lands in private or public ownership. By informing landowners of the uniqueness of particular sites, registration reduces the chance that significant natural values may be inadvertently destroyed. The same recognition will discourage others, such as government agencies and utilities from disturbing the area.
What say does the landowner have in the registration process?
The registration of a natural area is totally up to the landowner. It is a voluntary decision, and will not occur without his or her approval.
What recognition does a property owner receive for including his or her land in the Registry?
In honor of the commitment to protect the land, the owner receives a framed certificate of appreciation from the director of the Museum bearing the landowners name and the name of the area, and a subscription to Natural Newsline, the Museum's quarterly newsletter With approval from the landowner, his or her participation in the Heritage Program can be publicized in the newsletter or in Mississippi Outdoors. The directions to the area are not published.
What commitment does the owner make with a registry agreement?
- preserve and protect the area to the best of the landowner's ability.
- Notify the Museum of Natural Science Natural Heritage Program of any threats to the area such as pollution, rights of way, changes in drainage.
- Allow the Mississippi Commission on Wildlife Fisheries and Parks a first option to purchase the natural area so that if the landowner should ever decide to sell it, a purchase offer can be made if funds are available.
Is the registry commitment binding on the owner of a registered natural area?
No. The commitment is non-binding and may be cancelled by the landowner at any time, with a 30-day written notice to the Natural Heritage Program. If the landowner fails to protect an area, with the result of destruction or degradation of the important natural features meant to be protected, the area will be removed from the registry and the landowner will receive written notification. There are no penalties for removal of an area from the registry.
Does the registration of a site permit public access to private property?
No. Registration of a natural area provides no rights of public access to private property. As with any private land, visitors must receive permission from the landowner before entering the property.
Is management assistance available to the owner of a registered area?
Yes. An owner of a registered area may receive management advice from the staff of the Mississippi Museum of Natural Science or from the Nature Conservancy.
What are the other options for
protection of natural areas?
There are two binding options by which a landowner can preserve natural areas found on his or her land.
1. The gift of a conservation easement is a binding legal agreement that a natural area will be spared from development in perpetuity. These are filed in the courthouse records, and will bind future purchasers or those who inherit the land. Easements are said to "run with the land." Easements are sometimes called deed restrictions, rights of way, or servitudes and are rights less than full ownership that a landowner can sell or donate. The landowner still pays property taxes on lands on which a conservation easement has been granted. The services of an attorney, and a land appraiser are needed to negotiate a conservation easement.
Income Tax Features
A donated conservation easement, know as a qualified conservation contribution, is a special kind of donation that works as an itemized deduction applied to individual or corporate income tax. Section 170 (h) of the Internal Revenue Service Code contains all the requirements for these specialized tax deductions. They must meet the "conservation purposes test", must be perpetual, and must go to a qualified holder or charity. The Nature Conservancy, a Mississippi land trust, and various state agencies all qualify as holders. A deduction of up to 30% of Adjusted Gross Income (AGI) is allowed. This deduction may be spread over a period of six years.
Estate Tax Features
A conservation easement under 170 (h) can also be used as an estate tax reduction and is one tool that a landowner can use in estate planning to lighten the inheritance tax load on his or her heirs. This gift can occur during the lifetime of the landowner or it can be made shortly after death by the administrator of the landowner's estate.
2. Dedication of a natural area to the Commission on Wildlife, Fisheries and Parks.
This is a dedication to public use of some or all of the property ownership interest and exempts a landowner from paying ad valoremtaxes (county property taxes) on the part of his or her estate granted away. The assessment of taxes is reduced by the amount of the value of the interest in the property which is conveyed to the Commission. The landowner and the Commission together negotiate the portion of the landowner's rights to be transferred to the Commission for the people of Mississippi. The transfer can be a sale, or a donation and can be made during the landowner's lifetime or in a will as a devise or bequest.
This option for land preservation is best understood as comparable to the dedication of a public park by a private landowner. Except for the dedication of Clark Creek Natural Area in Wilkinson County, which was a sale, the Natural Heritage Program has not arranged one of these dedications by donation in its 26 year history. It is likely that a conservation easement could accomplish similar preservation goals as a dedication, but the tax relief features are different. For the right landowner, a dedication may be an attractive option.
If your interested in participating in the Mississippi Natural Areas Registry Program please contact the Natural Heritage Program staff at the address listed below.
Mississippi Natural Heritage Program
Mississippi Museum of Natural Science
Miss. Department of Wildlife, Fisheries & Parks
2148 Riverside Drive
Jackson, Mississippi 39202-1353
Phone _PHONE_


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A POSSIBLE ORIGIN OF HYDRAULICALLY SIGNIFICANT BED PARALLEL MACROPORE NETWORKS IN SILICICLASTIC BEDROCK
Our research combines borehole and outcrop observations in an effort to understand the genesis of BPMs in Lower Paleozoic siliciclastic bedrock of the North American cratonic interior. In Minnesota and Wisconsin, BPMs are common in sandstone, siltstone and shale, to depths exceeding 200 meters. They are densely clustered along discrete (<2m) stratigraphic intervals. Individual macropores in two dimensions are elongate along bedding, with an irregular "pinch and swell" geometry. They can be traced laterally up to a few meters, and have an aperture height of less than 5 cm. Limited 3-dimensional exposure of BPMs, as well as hydraulic properties measured in boreholes and springs, are indicative of a larger scale geometry that includes connectivity as a network of channels along bedding.
BPMs are commonly associated with interbedded sandstone and mudstone displaying stratabound brittle to ductile deformation features that include breccia, boudin, contortions, flame structures, and mmto cm-scale pipes, sills and clastic dikes. Aperture geometry of individual BPMs commonly mimics adjacent contorted beds. Deformation included significant lateral redistribution of sediment, typically most pronounced along thin beds of mud that were compacted and squeezed laterally into thick pods.
We propose an origin of BPMs via shallow stratabound redistribution of water and variably lithified sediment during deformation early in burial history. Water expelled by sediment compaction collected in macopore-scale voids connected in an anastomosing network. The macropores may be analogous to water voids produced in laboratory experiments simulating sedimentary deformation. Such voids are regarded as transient in experiments, but the presence of partially lithified and possibly thixotropic sediment, and the apparent confinement of deformation to discrete stratal intervals, may have caused the voids in our ancient examples to persist until further lithification.


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Negotiating between health-based contraceptive concerns and piety : the experiences of Muslim wives in the greater Durban area.
This qualitative, empirical study was located within a feminist research paradigm employing a phenomenological research design. The purpose was to understand the „lived experiences‟ of South African Muslim women in the Greater Durban area negotiating between their health-based contraceptive concerns and their pietistic concerns to observe God‟s will through the course of being good wives. The application of both phenomenological and feminist critical theoretical frameworks was beneficial to understand the forms of analyses applied to these negotiations that occurred within the gendered space of marriage. The conscious and goal-directed decisions to use contraception and to cultivate piety prompted the use of the theory of planned behaviour as the conceptual framework. Data was produced through in-depth, face-to-face interviews guided by open ended questions. This was followed by a reading task and guided written narrative to explore the impact of the discursive construct of gender and agency in popular Islamic literature. Data was analysed within a thematic framework. The findings of this study indicate that these South African Muslim wives do not perceive themselves to be negotiating between health-based contraceptive concerns and piety. Contraception is viewed in terms of the practical considerations of health and is unrelated to their pietistic concerns to observe God‟s will. Instead, these South African Muslim women face moral conflicts by prioritising domestic responsibility and sexual availability to their spouses irrespective of personal desire. These considerations more than contraceptive concerns are determined by the need to acquire God‟s favour through the observance of divine commands. Motivated by their desire to please God, though not oblivious to the deliberate choice to comply with normative prescriptions of women‟s roles which perpetuate androcentric norms and patriarchal structures, the women negotiate and renegotiate their living conditions as an assertion of their agentic positions in the process of pietistic self-making. This continuous process is fuelled by their ultimate desire for peace in their homes, the overall objective of marriage, and their pietistic aspirations of acquiring Heaven.


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Optimizing the Data Warehouse Database for Analysis Services Performance
The design and performance of the data warehouse database significantly affect the performance of Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Analysis Services.
Analysis Services creates multidimensional presentations of data warehouse data by reading and organizing the data into multidimensional objects such as dimensions and cubes. The Analysis server uses the database relational engine to access the data warehouse database when creating and processing dimensions and cubes. Therefore, the data warehouse schema design and relational database performance have a significant effect on the ease of designing cubes and on the performance of processing cubes.
Cube Storage Modes
A cube's storage mode significantly influences the degree to which the data warehouse schema and relational database performance affect cube query performance.
- With multidimensional OLAP (MOLAP) storage, cube query performance does not depend on relational database performance because all of the cube's data is contained in the multidimensional structure used by the Analysis server.
- With hybrid OLAP (HOLAP) storage, only cube queries that require retrieval of facts from the fact table will require the Analysis server to query the relational database. Such queries are affected by database performance, but queries that do not access the fact table are unaffected.
- With relational OLAP (ROLAP) storage, all cube queries are affected by the database performance because the Analysis server must retrieve fact and aggregated data from the relational database. If dimensions also use ROLAP storage, cube query performance will depend to a large extent on the performance of the relational database. Caching in the Analysis server affects cube performance in this situation, but only to the extent that queries can be at least partially resolved from cached information.
The design of the data warehouse database schema should incorporate the principles of dimensional modeling so the dimension tables and fact tables represent the business data and the way clients will view and query the data. Most dimensional modeling results in a star or snowflake database schema. Such schemas facilitate cube design and reduce the number of multiple-table joins when querying the database to process dimensions and cubes. If a snowflake schema is needed, minimize the number of dimension tables beyond the first level from the fact table, and minimize the depth of the snowflake dimensions. Fact tables usually hold the vast majority of data in the data warehouse, sometimes containing hundreds of millions of rows. Fact tables should be carefully designed to eliminate duplicated data and to minimize the length of the rows.
Relational database optimization techniques that improve the speed of reading the data will improve dimension and cube processing performance in Analysis Services. One of the most important optimization techniques is to design and use effective indexes on the fact and dimension tables to facilitate performance of the joins and queries Analysis Services issues when processing dimensions and cubes.
SQL Server 2000 offers a number of options and suggestions for optimizing logical and physical relational database design and query performance. Many of these techniques apply to data warehouse databases, as well as to transaction processing databases. For more information, see Optimizing Database Performance Overview.
Common Data Warehouse Techniques
Many common data warehouse design and optimization techniques apply regardless of the tools that are used to present data to clients. However, some optimization techniques that are appropriate when SQL queries are used as the presentation tool may not be necessary or appropriate if the tool is Analysis Services. In general, the granularity of the fact table should not be reduced by summarization; the number of fact table rows affects the time to process cubes but has little effect on OLAP client query response performance. Analysis Services uses sophisticated algorithms to create aggregation tables of summary data, so these need not be created in the database schema. Special bridge tables for parent-child dimensions such as organizational hierarchies are not necessary; Analysis Services can use self-referential dimension tables in their native form.
Record Size and Data Types
The size of a record affects Analysis Services performance in all areas, including cube size, processing time, server memory usage, server to client data transfer time, and client memory usage. Fact tables typically contain the vast majority of data in the data warehouse. Fact table records should be kept as short as possible and include only fields for measures and indexed key columns. Measure fields should use the smallest data type consistent with the measure data, but be sure the data type is large enough to contain summarized values to prevent overflow when aggregations are calculated. In a fact table containing millions of rows, a saving of even two bytes per record can amount to a significant reduction in table size and the time required to process the table when creating cubes.
Data Warehouse Updates
Because Analysis Services reads data warehouse data and stores it in multidimensional structures, the frequency of changes to the data warehouse data affects how often OLAP cubes and dimensions have to be reprocessed. A data warehouse update strategy should be designed to take the need for reprocessing OLAP objects into account.