Today's Wonder of the Day was inspired by Riley. Riley Wonders, "How Did Tap Dancing Start?" Thanks for WONDERing with us, Riley!
What do you get when you combine fun music, fast feet, and a good sense of rhythm? The clickety-clack and tappity-tap of tap dancing, that's what!
Tap dancing mixes two beautiful arts—dancing and making music—into one act. How can you tell if someone is tap dancing? Just listen for the tapping sounds created by metal plates on the bottom of a dancer's shoes.
When they're tapped against a solid surface, such as a wooden floor, the plates create a unique sound. As tap dancers move across the floor, they make music while they dance!
Many companies make special tap shoes that have tap plates attached to the bottom of the shoes with screws. Since each shoe has a tap plate near the toe and one on the heel, they are sometimes called "two shoes and four taps." The screws that attach the taps to the shoes can be tightened or loosened. This changes the sounds they make.
Sometimes, people make their own tap shoes. They tape quarters or (with the help of an adult) screw metal plates to the bottom of a pair of shoes. It's also possible to tap dance in shoes that have a hard, solid sole. However, the sounds such shoes make is not the same as true tap shoes.
Where did tap dancing come from? We can trace its roots to Africa and the English Isles. When people were kidnapped from Africa and brought to America to be enslaved, they brought their music and dancing traditions with them.
When enslavers denied them drums and other percussion instruments, enslaved people got creative. They made music with their feet through percussive dancing. Over time, this practice blended with Irish clogging. The product was the tap dancing we know today.
Tap dancers often improvise. That means they make up their moves and beats as they go along. They also rely heavily on syncopation. That means they use an irregular rhythm to place stresses or accents where they usually wouldn't occur.
Would you believe you can even tap dance without music? Just like singing without music, tap dancing can be "a cappella." Instead of dancing to music, tap dancers instead make their own rhythms using a variety of special steps.
Tap dancing was quite popular in America in the early 1900s. It was common in Vaudeville shows and on Broadway. It was also a large part of the Harlem Renaissance. Many tap dancers even appeared in movies and eventually television.
You may recognize the names of some famous tap dancers. Have you ever heard of Bill "Bojangles" Robinson? How about Josephine Baker or Rita Hayworth? These were all well-known tap dancers. A few more big names in tap dancing are Shirley Temple, Fred Astaire, and Ginger Rogers.
With the birth of rock-and-roll, tap dance dropped in popularity. A new form of dance—jazz dance—eventually grew out of tap dance. Although they were similar in the past, tap dance and jazz dance are considered separate forms of dance today.
Traditional tap dance is once again starting to become popular. Modern tap dancers include Gregory Hines and Savion Glover. In fact, Savion Glover recently helped to bring tap dancing back into the mainstream. He choreographed and danced for the movie Happy Feet, which told the story of a tap dancing penguin.
Do you know how to tap dance? Or would you be interested in learning? Tap dancing is an art form that many people enjoy. They say there's nothing like making and dancing to your own music at the same time!
Standards: CCRA.L.3, CCRA.L.6, CCRA.R.1, CCRA.R.2, CCRA.R.4, CCRA.R.10, CCRA.SL.1, NCAS.A.1, NCAS.A.2, NCAS.A.3
Wonder What's Next?
We hope you have the strength to tackle tomorrow's Wonder of the Day!


text:
|Bailey's Ecoregions and Subregions of the
United States, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands
What this map layer shows:
Ecoregions defined by common climatic and vegetation characteristics,
shown as domains, divisions, provinces and sections.
Ecoregions are ecosystems of regional extent. Bailey's ecoregions distinguish
areas that share common climatic and vegetation characteristics. A
four-level hierarchy is used to differentiate the ecoregions, with the
broadest classification being the domain. Domains are groups of related
climates and are differentiated based on precipitation and temperature.
There are four domains used for worldwide ecoregion classification and
all four appear in the United States: the polar domain, the humid temperate
domain, the dry domain, and the humid tropical domain. Divisions represent
the climates within domains and are differentiated based on precipitation
levels and patterns as well as temperature. Divisions are subdivided
into provinces, which are differentiated based on vegetation or other
natural land covers. Mountainous areas that exhibit different ecological
zones based on elevation are identified at the province level. The
finest level of detail is described by subregions, called sections,
which are subdivisions of provinces based on terrain features.
The purpose of ecological land classification is to provide information
for both the development of resources and the conservation of the environment.
Government and private land managers use this information to estimate
ecosystem productivity, to determine probable responses to land management
practices, and to address environmental issues over large areas, such
as air pollution, forest disease, or threats to biodiversity. This
map layer was compiled by the USDA
The Bailey's Ecoregions and Subregions of the United States, Puerto
Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands map layer shows the ecoregion domains,
divisions, provinces, and sections for this area. Further information
on domains, divisions, and provinces is available from the USDA Forest
Service Rocky Mountain Research Station page describing Ecoregions
of the United States, and detailed information on sections is available
through the USDA Forest Service page, Ecological
Subregions of the United States.
The National Atlas also includes a map layer showing Omernik's
Level III Ecoregions, which are defined by a wide variety of characteristics,
including vegetation, animal life, geology, soils, water, climate,
and human land use, as well as other living and non-living ecosystem components.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Horatio Alger, Jr.
HORATIO ALGER JR:
Copyright (c) 1996 by Bill Roach All rights reserved.
1. Who was Horatio Alger?
Horatio Alger, Jr. was an American author (_PHONE_). Alger
produced the one of the first boys' adventure series. Alger
published over 118 novels in book form. Another 280 novels were
produced in magazines along with more than five hundred short stories.
His young heroes succeed through a mixture of pluck and luck.
They are lucky, in part, because they deserve to be lucky. A
given hero may appear in several books, e.g., "Ragged Dick,"
but the books do not have a common set of characters. Regardless
of their names, the heroes are remarkably similar. Horatio Alger,
Jr. was the oldest of five children of a debt-ridden
New England, Unitarian minister. He was very frail. He
was under weight and undersized, suffered from bronchial asthma, and
near sightedness. Because of his poor health, the family deferred
his introduction to the alphabet and reading until he was six years
old. He started formal school at age 10 and achieved Phi Beta Kappa
at Harvard. He was ranked eighth in a class of 89. He
volunteered for the union army three times and was rejected three
times because of his asthma and small size (just over five feet and
about 120 pounds). Horatio Alger, Jr. taught school or tutored school
children for a good part of his life. His most famous student is
Benjamin Cardozo who went on to be a Supreme Court justice.
2. What has he written?
Horatio Alger wrote mostly juvenile fiction: short stories, serialized
novels, and novels. He also wrote biography, juvenile biography (James
Garfield, Abraham Lincoln, and Daniel Webster), and poetry. He did
someserious writing for adult publications (essays), but he was not
nearlyas successful at that.
The Horatio Alger Society includes lists of his publications and their
various editions for collectors. The most comprehensive list of Alger's
publications is Bob Bennett's_ A Collector's Guide to the Published
Works of Horatio Alger, Jr. (1832 – 1899)_MAD Book Company: Newark,
Many of the books were sold after Alger's death and after the copyrights
had expired so careful records were not kept. Printers frequently
printed unauthorized editions at the same time they printed authorized
editions. The unauthorized editions were sold by the printer with
no fee paid to the publisher.
3. What Alger
organizations have sites on the Net?
Horatio Alger, Jr Resources
Horatio Alger Association (philanthropic organization)
Horatio Alger Educational Programs
Horatio Alger Society (collectors) _URL_
4. What pseudonyms did Alger use?
Arthur Lee Putnam
Charles F. Preston
5. Why is there so little accurate
information about Alger?
Alger's sister Augusta inherited all of his papers. She detroyed
virtually all of his personal papers. In the Victorian era, it was
not unusual for an author or his/her relatives to purge the personal
papers of anything that might be unseemly. To the Victorian mind,
virtually any eccentricity was unseemly. This bowdlerization occurred
to the personal papers of Louisa May Alcott, Sir Richard Francis Burton,
6. Why is there so much disinformation
In 1928 Herbert Mayes published a fraudulent Alger biography entitled:
Alger: A Biography Without a Hero. Mayes even fabricated a diary
for Alger which detailed a life of carousing and womanizing. The
Mayes biography became the basis for the entry in the Dictionary of
American Biography. Mayes did not admit the fraud until 1976. As
late as 1963, an Alger biographer with academic credentials, John
Tebbel, repeated all of the Mayes fabrications, supposedly after verifying
7. What Alger novels are available
on the Net?
8. What movies been made from his books?
- Struggling Upward
- Cast Upon the Breakers
- The Cash Boy
- Joe the Hotel Boy
- Paul Prescott's Charge: A story for boys
- The Errand Boy: or, How Phil Brent Won Success
- A Fancy of Hers
- Driven from Home or Carl Crawford's Experience
- Frank's Campaign or, Farm and Camp
- Paul the Peddler, or, Fortunes of a Young Street Merchant
- Phil the Fiddler
A Disney movie _Newsies_ deals with the 1899 newsboy strike in New
York City. The movie is not based on a Horatio Alger story but it
does depict the life of the newsboys that figured in so many Alger
stories. The informal web site of the movie is referenced on the
Horatio Alger Resources web site. If any movies have been made from
Alger stories, they should have been made between 1900 and 1920 at
the peak of his popularity. They would have been silent movies.
So far none of the FAQ readers have turned up an Horatio Alger silent
movie (or talkie).
9. What are some good
Alger biographies? Some bad ones?
Gary Scarnhorst with Jack Bales, _The Lost Life of Horatio Alger,
Jr._ (Indiana University Press: Bloomington, IN, 1985) Many poor
biographies are based on the 1928 Mayes book mentioned above.
10. What is the relationship between Horatio Alger
stories and the subsequent The Rover Boys, Tom Swift, Hardy Boys,
and Nancy Drew Series?
Horatio Alger worked with a younger writer, Edward Stratemeyer, an
editor at Munsey Magazine. Before his death, Alger's arranged
to have Stratemeyer finish the works that Alger had in progress.
The Alger books "completed" by
- Out for Business
- Falling in with Fortune
- Nelson, the Newsboy
- Young Captain Jack
- Jerry, the Backwoods Boy
- Lost at Sea
- From Farm to Fortune
- The Young Book Agent
- Randy of the River
- Joe, the Hotel Boy
- Ben Logan's Triumph
Stratemeyer was a prolific author and went on to set up the Stratemeyer
Syndicate which was responsible for the Hardy Boys and Nancy Drew.
After Stratemeyer's death, the syndicate operated under the leadership
of his daughter Harriet Adams Stratemeyer.
11. What is the formula for an Horatio Alger story?
An adolescent boy with a rural back ground sets off to earn his
livelihood in an urban setting. He triumphs over circumstances
and temptation and starts advancing in his career. At some point,
he will be betrayed or falsely accused by one of his peers. Ultimately,
the hero will be vindicated. While pluck and hard work play a role
in the success of an Alger hero, there is always an older male who
takes on the hero as his protégé. That mentor plays a critical
role in the success of the Alger hero. The Alger hero never takes
revenge on those who mistreated him. He secures what is rightfully
his, but he is never vindictive. Alger heroes never have romantic
interests. As they leave adolescence, these heroes leave his books
except to play the role of mentors for the new generation of Alger
12. What libraries / museums have Horatio Alger archives?
of Congress Simmons
College Archives and Special Collections Northern
Illinois University Library
Founders Library at NIU has acquired a comprehensive collection
of more than 2,000 books and periodicals by and about Horatio Alger,
and the library now is the official repository for the archives
and other papers of the Horatio Alger Society. All materials received
from the Society will be cataloged and made available to interested
parties through computer networks. A complete catalog of Alger's
works will be prepared, and the library will continue to acquire
all Alger-related monographs and dissertations, in addition to mounting
periodic exhibits of the collections and hosting future conventions
of the Society. Stanley
Lieberman Memorial Collection of American Juvenile Literature, Princeton
University University of South
Florida Tampa Campus Library A. Frank Smith,
Jr. Library Center Special
Collections Department - Emory University Popular
Culture Library at Bowling Green State de Grummond Childrens' Literature Collection
at Southern Mississipi
13. What does the Horatio Alger "Strive and Succeed"
philosophy consist of? Are there contemporary versions of it?
There are several elements in the Horatio Alger "Strive and
The Alger success formula seems very like what one finds in _The Autobiography
of Benjamin Franklin_. Alger's code is less pragmatic and more altruitstic
than Poor Richard's. Alger's code imposes significant personal obligations,
but it is not at all individualistic. The Alger code does not seem
to have much in common with those individuals labeled "Horatio
Alger success stories." Some modern conservatives object
to Alger's liberal philosophy. W. S. Ross even provides an example
of an Alger novel (_Struggling Upward_) with all that pernicious liberalism
- hard work
- study (informal rather than formal)
- loyalty to superiors and subordinates
- abstaining from alcohol
- frugal living
- importance of dress and personal grooming
- personal


text:
Over at Bible and Interpretation, Craig Evans has a short article on How Long Were Biblical Manuscripts in Use. The blurb reads:
I speculated that if the Gospel of Matthew were published and circulated in 75 CE and if it and some of the first copies of it were in use as long as the manuscripts in the collections and libraries studied by Houston were in use, then some of these manuscripts could still have been in circulation, being read, studied, and copied, as late as the end of the second century and perhaps even on into the third century. This means that New Testament autographs and first copies could still have been available when our oldest extant papyri manuscripts (e.g., P45, P46, P66) were produced. If still in circulation and being read and copied, the autographs and first copies would have continued to give shape to the text. In a sense, then, the gap between autograph and extant manuscript is bridged.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Volvo Trucks Teaches Kids the Importance of Being Seen in Traffic - VIDEO STORY
STOCKHOLM - July 2, 2010: Sixty per cent of all accidents in which a truck collides with a pedestrian or cyclist can be blamed on the driver's blind spot. Many of the people injured are children. In Denmark, Volvo Trucks and several other organisations have therefore joined forces in a project designed to teach children how to behave when there are trucks around. The "Traffic Safety at Eye Level" campaign was launched in 2003; so far, more than 60,000 children throughout Denmark have done the course.
Click PLAY to watch video


Today in Research: The Rise of ADHD; Exercise-Induced Orgasms
Discovered: Even more ADHD diagnoses than before, science proves the exercise orgasm myth, space is bad for your eyes, pediatricians are racist, and a plane that could break the sound barrier
 - Everyone has ADHD these days. Doctors are handing out more ADHD diagnoses than ever before. In 2010, there were 10.4 million ADHD cases diagnosed compared to the 6.2 million in 2000. That's a lot more ADHD. This, of course, does not necessarily mean that technology or corn syrup has ruined our society's future leaders, it might have more to do with doctor awareness. "The magnitude and speed of this shift in one decade is likely due to an increased awareness of ADHD, which may have caused more physicians to recognize symptoms and diagnose the disorder," explained researcher Dr. Craig Garfield. [Academic Pediatrics]
 - The exercise orgasm myth is true! Ladies, science has some news for you: The "coregasm" (their word, not ours!) is real. The study found 370 women who experienced exercise-induced orgasms, or EIO for short. We had heard of this non-sex related event happening during yoga practice (called "yogasms," of course), but now science has confirmed this anecdotal evidence. They also gave us the following encouraging stat: "40 percent of women who had experienced EIO and EISP [exercise induced sexual pleasure] had done so on more than 10 occasions." So, like, how does one join the club? "The most common exercises associated with exercise-induced orgasm were abdominal exercises, climbing poles or ropes, biking/spinning and weight lifting," explained researcher Debby Herbenick. Of course, there's also the darker side to all of this: 20 percent reported not being able to control it. Eeps! [Sexual and Relationship Therapy]
Read the full story at The Atlantic Wire.
Presented by
Never Tell People How Old They Look
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Never Tell People How Old They Look
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Pittsburgh: 'Better Than You Thought'
How Steel City became a bikeable, walkable paradise
A Four-Dimensional Tour of Boston
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qBank - transferable academic language (TAL)
IB English B: qBank - transferable academic language (TAL)
.The qBank is a software system which enables you, quickly and easily, to compose grammar exercises and drills, targeted on specific language elements..The exercises and drills can be made available to the students in either an online version or as a print-out. Each format has specific advantages :-Online : individual students can be given access to particular exercises, to do at the their own pace and in their own...


text:
Double-crested Cormorant Population not at Biological Carrying Capacity
Labeling Double-crested Cormorant Population as Overabundant is "Inappropriate"
Scientists Linda Wire and Francesca Cuthburt, of the University of Minnesota's department of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation biology, find that describing the population of Double-crested Cormorants as overabundant is "inappropriate" given historical evidence that this fish-eating bird has previously been very abundant.
Biological Carrying Capacity vs. Wildlife Acceptance Cpacity
Ecologists often describe the biological carrying capacity as the population limit that a particular ecosystem can support. Wire and Cuthburt instead discuss the "wildlife acceptance capacity" as the population number desired or tolerated by human society. They stress that society should aim to maintain bird populations at historic levels, and not set population goals based on how they are perceived to help us reach our fisheries goals. Perhaps we need to take a step back and evaluate the contribution of the double-crested cormorant's activities versus our own activities that impact the fisheries. The cormorants were abundant long before the demise of fish populations. This is evident upon inspection of the historical records that Wires and Cuthburt have included in their study. At the very least, we should not claim that this bird is overabundant if there is no evidence that it is at its true carrying capacity.
Human Activities and the Double-crested Cormorant Population
Cormorants have had a reputation as a competitor of humans for fish as far back as 1634. Wire and Cuthburt cite that there are only a few locations where a decline of natural resources have been directly linked to double-crested cormorant populations and that the perceived overabundance is due to the double-crested cormorant populations rebounding closer to their historic levels after recent declines. The double-crested cormorant population dropped due to the use of DDT from the 1940s to 1970s, combined with population control by humans (legal and illegal methods) and habitat change. While it may be perceived that the cormorant population has increased, the perceived increase is really a population rebound after a decline due to human activities. The population along the Atlantic Coast and in the interior of the United States and Canada has rebounded from 32,000 breeding pairs (early 1970s) to more than 226,000 breeding pairs (late 1990s).
Future Population Goals
The core issue here is that we need to decide if we should keep our bird populations at historic levels (keep common birds common) or try to reduce population sizes if they compete with us for the same food source. At the very least, we should not misrepresent their population size to the public as "overabundant" if the historic population size was equal or greater than the current population size. We need to be honest about the difference between the biological carrying capacity and the "wildlife acceptance capacity", which is the number that certain human populations think should exist. That number may have little to do with scientific evidence about how a particular population size affects the rest of the ecosystem.
Find the full study on historic Double-crested Cormorant population sizes here.


Personal View: The history and meaning of Christmas
Kayla Looney, Staff Reporter
Hi, I am Kayla Looney and I am here to type about the meaning and history of Christmas. To some people, Christmas is about getting presents and special food. Christmas is much more than that though. It is a time to give joy and happiness to everyone.
People celebrate Christmas to celebrate the birth of Jesus Christ. Christians usually celebrate this holiday the most, along with non-religious people. Some things people use to celebrate are things like Advent calendars, decorate a tree, have a special meal, and exchange gifts.
Something that is also celebrated is Santa Claus. Santa Claus originally came from a monk named St. Nicholas. People believe that he was born around the time 280 A.D. in Patara near Myra in modern day Turkey.
St. Nicholas is now called Santa because of his kindness and his loyalty. Some people and stories say that St. Nicholas gave away all of the wealth he inherited to help poor and sick people on the countryside.
Another figure that is popular is Rudolph the red nosed reindeer. This idea was created from a copywriter at the Montgomery Ward department store. Rudolph's creators name is Robert L. May and he created Rudolph to help bring more people into his store.
May made the story with almost the same rhyme scheme as "Twas' the Night Before Christmas". After he published it, Montgomery Ward sold a lot of the books which were close to around 2.5 million copies. They republished it in 1946 and they sold 3.5 million copies.
The book was eventually turned into a song by one of May's friends. The book and song have been very popular and have been translated into many different languages around the world. The song and book also became a movie for kids to enjoy.
My family and I enjoy Rudolph every year for Christmas. If the movie is on, my mom will immediately put it on even if we are watching something important. My family also owns Rudolph books that my mom or dad sometimes reads to my sister, brother, and I.
A tradition that is fairly recent but still enjoyed all over the world is the Elf on the Shelf. This tradition started in 2005 when the book first came out. The book is about an elf who is sent down from the North Pole to watch over a family to make sure they are behaving.
The elf teaches a little boy to believe in Santa and to enjoy Christmas time. It is a sweet story to read to kids when the elf on a shelf arrives at your house. The elf is never seen using his/her magic but every morning he is somewhere different.
Sometimes the elf will be doing something like reading a book but other times, he can be ziplining from your fridge. Other days he will just move to show that he went to the North Pole and came back.
A major rule of the Elf on a Shelf is to never touch the elf. If you touch it, it will lose all of its Christmas magic and return to the North Pole. Parents are the only ones who can touch it because they are not kids.
This tradition has been in my family for about 3 or 4 years now. Our elf's name is Bogey after my moms brother. He is always up to no good. Once he got into our advent calendar and ate all of our candy.
I personally think that Christmas is a time for joy and cheer. Even if you don't celebrate Christmas, you can still spread holiday cheer around to everybody. Many people that don't celebrate this holiday, still have a lot of joy and cheer around this time of year.
It is a time of year to spend time with family and friends.It is also a time where you can have fun and stay in pajamas all day. This time of year is also a time to spread joy and happiness to everyone around you. Enjoy your holidays and don't forget to spread holiday cheer.


Hello, I'm asking this question for a second time because the answer I got for the first time was so poor. So please, if you answer this, then please provide an EXPLANATION, not simply a list of formulas with number plugged in.
Here is the question: A wooden boxcar is moving along a straight railroad track at speed v1. A sniper fires a bullet (initial speed v2) at it from a high powered rifle. The bullet passes thought both lengthwise walls of the car, its entrance and exit holes being exactly opposite each other as viewed from within the car. From what direction, relative to the track, is the bullet fired from? Assume that the bullet is not deflected upon entering the car, but that its speed is decreased by 20%. Take v1 to be 85 km/h and v2 = 650 m/s.
I know the answer is 93 degrees. However, that is all I know. I don't even know how to begin setting up this problem. So a step-by-step guide on how to solve this problem is needed.
Want an answer?
No answer yet. Submit this
question to the community.


text:
Buttons that are used for navigation should be coded as anchor links, and those that submit forms as
button elements — each will be styled identically by the framework.
In the main content block of a page, you can style any anchor link as a button by adding the
data-role="button" to the link. The framework will add all necessary classes to style the link as a button. For example, this markup:
Link button
Produces this link-based button:Link button
For ease of styling, the framework automatically converts any
button element or
input with a
image into a custom styled link-based button — there is no need to add the
The original form-based button is hidden, but remains in the markup. When a click event fires on a link button, it triggers a click on the original form button.
Button based button:
Input type="button" based button:
Input type="submit" based button:
Input type="reset" based button:
Input type="image" based button:


text:
This topic lists several restrictions on hash index definitions. For complete details about hash index syntax, see Teradata Vantage™ - SQL Data Definition Language Syntax and Examples, B035-1144.
Restrictions for NoPI Tables
You cannot create a hash index on a NoPI table.
Restrictions on Number of Hash Indexes Defined Per Base Table
The maximum number of secondary, hash, and join indexes that can be defined for a table is 32, in any combination. This includes the system-defined unique secondary indexes used to implement PRIMARY KEY and UNIQUE constraints.
Each composite NUSI that specifies an ORDER BY clause counts as 2 consecutive indexes in this calculation (see Value-Ordered NUSIs and Range Conditions). You cannot define hash, or any other, indexes on global temporary trace tables (see Teradata Vantage™ - SQL Data Definition Language Detailed Topics, B035-1184).
- table_1 has 32 secondary indexes and no hash or join indexes.
- table_2 has 16 secondary indexes, no hash indexes, and 16 join indexes.
- table_3 has 10 secondary indexes, 10 hash indexes, and 12 join indexes.
- table_4 has no secondary or hash indexes, but has 32 join indexes.
Each of these combinations is valid, but they all operate at the boundaries of the defined limits.
Note that if any of the secondary indexes defined on tables 1, 2, or 3 is a NUPI defined with an ORDER BY clause, the defined limits are exceeded, and the last index you attempt to create on the table will fail. Because each NUPI defined with an ORDER BY clause counts as 2 consecutive indexes in the count against the maximum of 32 per table, you could define only 8 of them on table_2, for example, if you also defined 16 join indexes on the table.
Restrictions on Number of Columns Per Referenced Base Table
The maximum number of columns that can be specified in a hash index is 64.
Restrictions on the Use of the System-Derived PARTITION[_TAG_ n] Column in a Hash Index Definition
You cannot use the system-derived PARTITION[_TAG_ n] column in the definition of a hash index.
Restriction on Number of Hash Indexes Selected Per Base Table
The Optimizer can use several hash indexes for a single query, selecting one or more multitable join indexes as well as additional hash indexes for its join plan. The hash indexes selected depend on the structure of the query, and the Optimizer might not choose all applicable hash indexes for the plan. Always examine your EXPLAIN reports to determine which hash indexes are used for the query plans generated for your queries. If a hash index you think should have been used by a query was not included in the query plan, try restructuring the query and then EXPLAIN it once again.
The join planning process selects a multitable join index to replace any individual table in a query when the substitution further optimizes the query plan. For each such table replaced in the join plan by a multitable join index, as many as two additional hash indexes can also be added if their inclusion reduces the size of the relation to be processed, provides a better distribution, or offers additional covering.
The limit on the number of hash indexes substituted per individual table in a query is enforced to limit the number of possible combinations and permutations of table joins in the Optimizer search space during its join planning phase. The rule helps to ensure that the optimization is worth the effort: in other words, that the time spent generating the query plan does not exceed the accrued performance enhancement.


Complex plurals
Pluralization is a key topic in localization, but its complexity is very often overlooked. Every localization library supports singular and plural forms, but many languages have more than two plural forms — some even have six different forms!
We encountered this when localizing Wellmo to Polish. Polish has four different plural forms (below are three, the fourth is used in decimals):
0 steps = 0 kroków
1 step = 1 krok
2 steps = 2 kroki
3 steps = 3 kroki
4 steps = 4 kroki
5 steps = 5 kroków
6 steps = 6 kroków
Getting pluralization correct for all languages poses a challenge, and more often than not, it is done wrong.
Where the trouble begins
The typical way to handle complex plurals is to use Unicode CLDR Plural Rules. Unicode CLDR has defined six different plural categories which encompass all plural forms in all languages. The plural categories have been named: zero, one, two, few, many, other.
While these names are indicative of their meaning, they are also wildly misleading. Even documentation of many localization libraries use the categories incorrectly. For example, the i18n-js library documentation contains the following example:
 one: You have 1 new message
 other: You have {{count}} new messages
 zero: You have no messages
The core problem here is that only the "other" version contains the placeholder {{count}}. The other two forms assume that count is 1 for "one" and 0 for "zero". While this holds true for English (and in this case even the CLDR rules have been extended to include "zero" for English), you're likely to run into trouble with translations.
The point to remember: The category names do not indicate an amount! The category name "one" should be understood as "the pluralization category similar to that used for the number 1". For example French uses the category "one" for the count 0, and Russian uses it also for 21, 31, 41, etc.
If you sent the above file to a Russian translator, unless they are very experienced in this area, you'll likely get back:
 one: У вас есть 1 новое сообщение
 other: У вас есть {{count}} новых сообщений
 zero: У вас нет сообщений
(Above texts are from Google translate)
When your user then has 21 new messages, the message will read "You have 1 new message".
While you can get this to work with experienced / in-house translators, I find this poor practice for the following reasons:
 - It's very error prone: a translator can easily translate the master text directly, instead of converting the specialized form to a generic form
 - It creates confusion which form will be used for which language. In French the form "one" is used for amounts 0 and 1, but what if a separate "zero" key exists?
 - Standard translation tools won't know how to deal with your specially extended rules
 - Translation checker tools cannot verify whether correct placeholders are used in the translations
Doing it the right way
The rule is: Whenever you use a CLDR plural form, include the number placeholder. Every — single — time.
In order to support natural-sounding versions of special cases (such as "You have no messages"), at Wellmo we decided to extend the CLDR rules with two special categories: "none" and "single". These match the counts 0 and 1 for all languages, and fall back to the CLDR rules if they are missing. The difference to using "zero" and "one" is that they don't clash with CLDR categories, but are instead handled as completely separate keys.
Using these extra rules, the above example could be written as:
 one: You have {{count}} new message
 other: You have {{count}} new messages
 none: You have no messages
 single: You have one new message
The important distinction is that both "one" and "other" contain the {{count}} placeholder. Thus, it makes no assumptions on the language rules.
When translated to Russian the corresponding entry would contain entries for "one", "few", "many", "other", "none" and "single". Automated tools can check that the placeholders for all of these correspond to the master language.
One thing to note is that in the example above, the English key will never be used, as it always uses en.index.counting.single instead. I find this a minor grievance compared to the consistency and other benefits it brings about.
Having complex plurals translated
Due to the different number of plural forms in different languages, there will inevitably be a different number of strings in different languages. Some translation platforms, such as OneSky, have specific support for CLDR plurals. When it detects a CLDR plural form in the master language, it asks for the correct amount of translations for the destination language.
Unfortunately, OneSky only supports detecting plural forms in specific file formats. We had to update our continuous localization scripts to convert back and forth between Java property files (that we use) and Android XML localization files (which has specific support for plurals).
Once set up, this system works like a charm:
 - Plural forms work correctly in any language we want to localize to
 - Specific forms are available for "no messages" and "one message" where desired
 - Translators are automatically prompted for the correct amount of plural forms
 - Our translation checker tool ensures that all translations and placeholders are correct
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With the advent of streaming services, an increasing number of users tend to record video or audio clips or download them via free unknown channels. Such an act does save lots of money but largely undermine the quality of resulting file, since the video or audio file probably has an unbalanced volume, either muted or too loud.
What shall I do? No panic! There is a sort of tool with audio normalization feature comes in handy when it comes to normalizing unbalanced audio. So, what is audio normalization? How to normalize audio? Which best audio normalization software shall I choose? This article has everything you need to satisfy your curiosity.
1. Prelude to Audio Normalization
1.1 What is Audio Normalization
What does 'normalizing audio' do? From the technical perspective, to normalize audio is to adjust the overall volume by a fixed amount to reach a target level, which can be achieved with two principle modes: peak normalization and loudness normalization.
In specific, Peak Normalization means bringing the highest PCM (digitally represents sampled analog signals) sample value or analog signal peak to a given level, say 0 dBFS, the loudest level allowed in a digital system, which is widely used to normalize audio levels via an optimal use of available dynamic range.
Loudness Normalization refers to bringing the average amplitude to a target chosen level, like the RMS value, in which 'average power' can be human-perceived loudness. For example, the reference level of YouTube is 14 LUFS, but will be lowered to a certain level to fit a specific program. Usually, loudness normalization is born to overcome varying loudness when playing multiple songs in a sequence.
1.2 Why to Normalize Audio
The reasons why people need to normalize audio may be summarized as follows: to gain maximum volume and to match desired volume. The former applies to the situation when you intend to adjust your quiet audio file as loud as possible without changing its dynamic range, while the latter works if you anticipate bringing a group of audio files at various volumes closer to the same volume.
Anyway, audio normalization is a fast way to adjust clip volume to its optimal listening levels without distortion. In this case, signal-to-noise ratio and relative dynamics still retain in their original levels in spite of the constant of constant amount of gain throughout the volume recording process.
2. How to Normalize audio with DVDFab Toolkit?
As we know, a majority of users are not tech savvy experts. So, an audio normalization program with easy-to-use and simple interface means a lot. You are lucky to be here to try this professional but versatile toolkit used to normalize-audio as well as to address other issues related to video, audio and image. The following tips exemplify how to normalize video volume, say MP4 normalizing audio.
Step 1: install and launch DVDFab Toolkit
After download and installation of this audio normalization software, run it to choose 'Normalization' from 'Audio Tools'.
Step 2: load source media file
Import the video or audio file you want to normalize audio via pressing the '+' button or simply dragging & dropping onto the center section. When entering the customization interface, you can tab '+Add from Local' to normalize multiple files.
Step 3: select once type to normalize volume
Here 'Peak normalization' and 'Loudness normalization' are for your options which are the main types of audio normalization. -24 LUFS, customized for ATSC A85 (US TV) and NPRSS & PRX, is the norm level by default for the peak normalization mode of this program, so you cannot change the value on your own. But you are free to set the target value as you want to normalize audio levels once you choose the second type. Mind that -14 LUFS applies to Spotify, YouTube and other streaming platforms, while -23 LUFS is suitable for EU R128 broadcast. Therefore, select the required value for the platform where you will share the normalized media file.
Note that for free users, only the first 5 minutes of each media file is allowed to be processed. To remove this limit, you shall turn to the premium version.
Step 4: start to normalize audio levels
Once done, tab 'Start' button to normalize audio. Here turbo-speed feature powered by technologies is used to accelerate the audio normalization process. Once you choose this privilege, your video or audio file will be normalized within a short time.
3. How to Normalize audio in Premiere
However, to seek unknown challenge is the true nature of most professionals and enthusiast. In this case, sophisticated and professional audio normalization software will be the optimal solution, say normalizing audio Premiere. But how to normalize audio in Premiere?
Now let's look at below simple guideline.
Step 1: launch Adobe Premiere and load your audio file
Step 2: right-click an audio clip on the timeline
Step 3: go to 'Audio Gain' and select normalize mode
For example, you can set Gain to your wanted value, adjust Gain by a certain value, say 0 dB, normalize Max Peak to a certain dB, or normalize All Peaks to your desired value when handling a group of files.
Now you have got the hang of how to normalize audio with the best audio normalizer software on the present market. With good mastery of such professional tool, you will be at ease to balance audio volume at your target level.
4. Alternative Volume Normalizers
Maybe you are wondering whether there are other options to normalize audio levels. Don't worry. You will be introduced with several alternatives despite each of them has certain downsides.
iMovie (Mac)
It is an indisputable fact that iMovie has always been a perfect video editing solution for macOS and iOS users. This program boasts a simple process of normalizing audio. You can normalize the volume on individual clips via Project Browser > Inspector > Normalize Clip Volume. Of course, Video or Audio Adjustments are available for your volume normalization. When you want to apply the previous audio changes to all other clips in the project, you can copy the adjustments to other clips. However, such easy-to-use audio normalization software, with a lack of flexible customized options, does not apply to all platforms.
MP3Gain (Windows)
This lightweight volume normalizing software offers unique features to normalize audio levels, which adjusts MP3 file directly without decoding and reencoding process so that the sound quality remains stable and output best normalized audio. The secret of its distinctives lies in the statistical analysis of audio file and performs well to gain the most comfortable listening level to human ear. MP3Gain is a freeware to normalize multiple audio files, but is not available for portable apps due to intricate authorization channels.
Now you have understood the best audio normalization software used to normalize audio levels on desktop computers, both Windows and Mac with the ultimate goal of boosting up the volume of quiet audio clips or reducing noisy ones, in which some allows for setting normalization value for each loaded media file, while others normalize the overall volume for all files added. However, among all recommendations, DVDFab Toolkit stands out from its rivals because of its 20+ feature modules applied to resolve all FAQs with regard to video, audio and image.
By the way, have you ever thought of downloading your favorite audio files from YouTube without any effort? This YouTube to MP3 converter must be your first choice. With downloaded audio files, you can resort to the above-mentioned audio normalizers when necessary.
But there might be times when you want to play your normalized audio file on various devices. In this case, a multi-functional audio converter will come into your aid, because it not only converts audio between all popular formats but also acts as a video converter and editor.


text:
The design of the present-day bicycle has remained much the same since John Kemp Starley (_PHONE_) designed this Rover safety bicycle, the first embodiment of the modern vehicle. The earlier so-called ordinary bicycle was popular from the early 1870s to the late 1880s, but was unstable due to its large front wheel and small back wheel. With the availability of better materials and improved technology, a safer design of bicycle was produced. Because it was much lower and more stable than the ordinary bicycle, it became known as the safety bicycle. The wheels were almost the same size as each other, and it featured a chain drive to the rear wheel.
© Science Museum / Science & Society Picture Library


text:
||This article needs additional citations for verification. (June 2012)|
Fusion cuisine is cuisine that combines elements of different culinary traditions. Cuisines of this type are not categorized according to any one particular cuisine style and have played a part in innovations of many contemporary restaurant cuisines since the 1970s.
Categories and types
Fusion food is a general term for the combination of various forms of cookery and comes in several forms. Regional fusion combines different cuisines of a region or sub-region into a single eating experience. Asian fusion restaurants, which combine the various cuisines of different Asian countries, have become popular in many parts of the United States and United Kingdom. Often featured are South Asian, East Asian, and South-East Asian dishes alongside one another and offering dishes that are inspired combinations of such cuisines. California cuisine is considered a fusion culture, taking inspiration particularly from Italy, France, Mexico, the idea of the European delicatessen, and eastern Asia, and then creating traditional dishes from these cultures with non-traditional ingredients - such as California pizza. Other examples of this style include Tex-Mex, which combines southwest United States cuisine and Mexican cuisines, and Pacific rim cuisine, which combines the different cuisines of the various island nations.
In Australia, due to the increasing influx of migrants, fusion cuisine is being reinvented and is becoming increasingly the norm at numerous cafes and restaurants; with Melbourne and Sydney now being considered as some of the best cities in the world with regard to the quality and creativity of Asian-fusion restaurants.
Another incarnation of fusion cuisine implements a more eclectic approach, which generally features original dishes that combine varieties of ingredients from various cuisines and regions. Such a restaurant might feature a wide variety of dishes inspired by a combination of various regional cuisines with new ideas.
Foods based on one culture, but prepared using ingredients and flavors inherent to another culture, are also considered forms of fusion cuisine. For instance, pizza made with cheddar and pepper jack cheese, salsa, refried beans or other common taco ingredients is often marketed as "Taco Pizza". This particular dish is a fusion of Italian and Mexican cuisines. Similar approaches have been used for fusion-sushi, such as rolling maki with different types of rice and ingredients such as curry and basmati rice, cheese and salsa with Spanish rice, or spiced ground lamb and capers rolled with Greek-style rice and grape leaves, which resembles inside-out dolmades.
This type of restaurant's success depends on a number of factors. Among these are:
- Clientele's (or prospective clientele's) cultural diversity
- Clientele's travel patterns and experiences.
- Clientele's culinary sophistication and openness to new eating experiences.
Wolfgang Puck is considered as one of the pioneers of fusion cuisine. However, his restaurant "Chinois on Main" was named after the term attributed to Richard Wing, who in the 1960s combined French and Chinese cooking at the former Imperial Dynasty restaurant in Hanford, California.
- Sake cocktails
- Salad with crisp nori topping, and a miso-cilantro vinaigrette dressing
- Rock shrimp dumplings
- Eel, lettuce and tomato sushi handroll
- Poached tofu
See also
Media related to Fusion cuisine at Wikimedia Commons


text:
|The English Snaphance developed during the second half on the sixteenth century and was in production by the 1580s.|
|THE ENGLISH SNAPHANCE
Click on the thumbnails below to view full size examples and explanations of the English Snaphance.
dated examples exist, the earliest known being the English snaphance
engraved 1584, now in the Tojhusmuseet, Copenhagen. Another, dated
1588, is in the Victoria & Albert Museum, London, and a third
example, dated 1590, can be seen at the Royal Armouries, Leeds. These
examples confirm that the lock was fully developed prior to 1580.
the first two decades of the 17th century, snaphance guns were
considered to be one of the leading technological innovations in
England and they were included among gifts to the royalty of Europe.
Much evidence survives to show that the snaphance remained popular in
England until the 1640s, although comparatively few examples now exist.


Extra Credit: Chocolate Chip Cookies!
School may be out for winter break but the opportunity to share a fun delicious and educational experience is a batch of cookies away! Follow the recipe below and keep an eye out for the "Extra Credit" to make teaching math a warm and chocolatey winter treat.
Before you get down to learning and baking make sure you head to your local Mollie Stone's Markets and pick up all you need for this activity!
Chocolate Chip Cookies
 - 1 cup Butter or margarine, softened
 - 3/4 cup Sugar
 *Extra Credit: Scoop 2 tablespoons, 2 teaspoons and 2 cups of sugar and place into piles to show the difference between tablespoons, teaspoon and cups.
 - 3/4 cup Brown sugar, packed
 - 2 Eggs, large
 - 2 teaspoons Vanilla
 - 2 1/4 cups Flour, unsifted
 *Extra Credit: Use a measuring scale to see the difference in weight between 2 1/4 cups of sifted and unsifted flour.
 - 1 teaspoon Baking soda
 - 1/2 teaspoon Salt
 - 1 cup Walnuts or pecans, chopped (optional)
 - 2 cups Ghirardelli Bittersweet 60% Cacao Baking Chips
 *Extra Credit: Weigh the 2 cups of chocolate on a measuring scale and see what happens when 4 chocolate chips are taken away.
 1. Heat oven to 375ºF.
 2. Stir flour with baking soda and salt; set aside.
 3. In large mixing bowl, beat butter with sugar, and brown sugar at medium speed until creamy and lightened in color.
 5. Gradually blend dry mixture into creamed mixture. Stir in nuts and chocolate chips.
 6. Drop by tablespoon onto ungreased cookie sheets.
 *Extra Credit: Measure how much cookie batter you have total in cups and calculate how many tablespoons/cookies you will be able to get out of the mixture.
 7. Bake for 9 to 11 minutes or until chocolate chip cookies are golden brown.


text:
For immediate release:
August 5, 2010
Media contact: Kitta MacPherson, _PHONE_, _EMAIL_
Princeton-led team finds new building block in cells
Zemer Gitai, an assistant professor of molecular biology at Princeton University, members of his laboratory, and scientists from the California Institute of Technology have published results in Nature Cell Biology of new research into how a metabolic enzyme in bacteria forms cytoplasmic filaments that affect bacterial cell shape. The study was published online July 18.
Gitai describes the findings as follows:
"We have discovered that an enzyme that has a role in basic cellular metabolism (CtpS, the enzyme that makes the essential nucleotide CTP), also forms cytoskeletal filaments that can play a structural role in regulating cell shape.
"I'm very excited about this work since it changes a lot of our thinking about both metabolism and the cytoskeleton, and provides a clue about how the cytoskeleton might have evolved in the first place. The work connects two exciting areas of research: cell shape formation and metabolism.
"Cytoskeletal proteins serve as cellular building blocks, and the cytoskeleton has long been thought to consist of just three canonical members: actin, tubulin, and intermediate filaments. By using a novel imaging-based screening approach, we found that the metabolic enzyme that makes CTP, CTP Synthase (CtpS), also plays a previously-unappreciated role as a cytoskeletal protein by polymerizing into filaments that regulate the cell shape of the curved bacterium Caulobacter crescentus.
"The CtpS protein is found in all living organisms from bacteria to humans, suggesting that this could be a widespread phenomenon. Consistent with this possibility, we found that the CtpS protein from an unrelated bacterium, E. coli, also forms cytoskeletal filaments. Excitingly, the E. coli protein could replace both the cell shape and metabolic functions of the Caulobacter protein.
"This demonstrates that rather than adapting CtpS for a new cell shape role, Caulobacter has adapted its cell shape machinery to take advantage of the conserved filament-forming properties of CtpS. This finding suggests a general pathway for how cytoskeletal proteins may have evolved: perhaps polymerization first came about for other non-structural reasons such as enzymatic regulation, and then once filaments were there, they could be co-opted for additional structural purposes."
Other Princeton researchers involved in this work included Michael Ingerson-Mahar, a Princeton graduate student in molecular biology, and John Werner, a postdoctoral research fellow at the University. Caltech authors included Grant Jensen and Ariane Breigel.
Members of the media wishing to contact Gitai are encouraged to email him at: _EMAIL_
Funding agencies supporting this work included the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, the National Institutes of Health, the Human Frontiers Science Program, the Beckman Foundation and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.


text:
The Basketball Academy is embedded in the Health and Physical Education curricula of the Australian Curriculum. The program provides quality experienced coaching in a dynamic and supportive environment.
Flinders University's functional screening program and testing is provided to increase player performance and durability through a strength and conditioning program.
In partnership with Flinders University and Basketball SA, Springbank Secondary College is developing a High Performance Basketball program which aims to include:
- Personal learning plan with a basketball and pathway focus
- Opportunity to apply for a scholarship sponsored by Basketball SA
- Strength and conditioning
- Coaching and accreditation
- The use of technology to assist skill acquisition
- Sports nutrition
- Injury prevention
- Performance development and analysis


text:
What do people do?
The Counting of the Omer is a time for spiritual growth and some Jewish groups forbid haircuts, weddings, dancing and other forms of entertainment in this period. However, Lag B'Omer is a time of celebration and these restrictions are either lifted for one day or ended. Many people hold picnics or barbecues, sing, dance, and encourage their children to play outside with bows, arrows, bats and balls. In Meron, Israel, three-year-old boys are given their first haircuts on this holiday.
On the evening at the start of Lag B'Omer, children and young people light bonfires that they prepared in the days leading up to the holiday. People may also offer Chai Rotel by donating or offering 18 rotel (about 13 gallons or 54 liters) of liquid food or drink to pilgrims attending the celebrations at the Hilula of R'Shimon bar Yochai in Meron, Israel. Many people believe that anyone who does this will be granted a miracle. An example of this would be that a woman who cannot have children through pregnancy may miraculously become pregnant.
Lag B'Omer is not a public holiday in Israel, but schools close for the day. It is also not a public holiday in countries such as Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, or the United States. However, Jewish organizations may be closed or offer a limited service to allow celebrations to be held.
The Lag B'Omer holiday originates from the time of Rabbi Akiva, a scholar and teacher of Jewish law who lived approximately during the years 50 to 135. In a number of Jewish documents, there are passages, which report that 24,000 of his students died in a plague, because they had not respected each other. The plague ended on the 33rd day of the Counting of the Omer, a period of 49 days between the Jewish holidays of Passover and Shavuot.
Some scholars think that the "plague" refers to the Roman occupation of Jewish lands and that the students died resisting the Roman army, perhaps in the Bar Kokhba revolt in the years 132 to 135. Lag B'Omer is also known as Lag BaOmer or Lag LaOmer.
In Israel, Lag B'Omer is a school holiday. In the days beforehand, children and young people gather waste wood, particularly old doors and boards, to pile into huge bonfires. On the evening of Lag B'Omer, these fires are lit. As some scholars think that the "plague" that caused the deaths of Rabbi Akiva's students was actually the Bar Kokhba revolt during the Roman occupation, the bonfires may symbolize fires lit to communicate and celebrate that a war or period of fighting has ended.
Note: Many Jewish holidays begin at sundown the day before the date specified for the holiday.
- Perpetual yearly calendar - make yearly calendar for any year
- Perpetual monthly calendar - shows only one month at a time
- Custom calendar - make customized calendars


text:
Terms & Conditions of Use
Use of electronic resources in Tutt Library is governed by the Copyright Laws of the United States. Access to these resources is made available through a number of licenses granted to Colorado College. Violation of the terms of these licenses can result not only in the loss of your privilege to use the resources, but also the loss of Colorado College's license rights. Please be aware of the following general rules:
- Systematic downloading and/or redistribution for commercial use is not permitted.
- Copyright notices may not be removed when copying and printing resource content.
- Proper citation must be used when incorporating resource content into scholarly work.
- Most subscription-based electronic resources can be accessed by public users on-site at the library; however, remote access is available to current students, faculty and staff only.
Questions can be directed to Diane Westerfield, Electronic Resources & Serials Librarian, email or _PHONE_.
- Circulation: _PHONE_
- or email circulation
- Research Desk: _PHONE_
- or email research
- Interlibrary Loan: _PHONE_
- or email ILL


text:
How Much Water Do Carnations Need?
Colorful carnations grow as annual, perennial or biennial flowers. From the genus Dianthus of the Caryophyllaceae family, carnations are among 300 known floral species with a larger number of hybrids in various shades of pink and other colors. Although carnations grown in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 8 through 10 can tolerate some drought, give plants a light misting or, if the soil is dry, about 1 inch of water once or twice per week as needed to help flowers stay healthy.
Carnations need at least four to five hours of bright sunlight per day because low or filtered light may cause poor branching in flower stems. Long, sunlit days encourage stem leafing and floral buds, but intense heat and humidity may damage some hybrids. Outdoor carnation plants require well-draining soil with a pH of 6.6 to 8.5, but greenhouse-grown flowers can use potting media with a pH of 5.8 to 6.5, advises Alabama Cooperative Extension. Spaced about 1 foot apart, perennial carnation plants such as "Cottage Pink" (D. plumarius) and "Fire Witch" (D. Feuerhexe), which thrives in USDA zones 3 through 8, grow to various heights -- usually about 12 to 18 inches tall.
Monitoring outdoor carnation plants helps to determine if the soil is dry. Newly planted stems must be kept moist, especially if there's less than 1 inch of rainfall each week. You should water carnation plants once or twice weekly if the top 3 inches of soil is dry. Give them either a light misting or about 1 inch of water, but be careful not to get the plant too wet because excess watering may cause leaves to turn yellow and flowers to droop or fall off altogether. Watering carnations by hand is best because overhead sprinklers or hoses can damage tender flower petals and lead to rotting blooms. Soaking water directly into the soil will keep roots well-saturated and flowers from wilting or rotting. Early-morning watering allows leaves to dry in sunlight. After-dusk watering keeps soil moist overnight.
Raising carnations in greenhouses begins with seeds or root cuttings placed directly into flats or containers. New plant roots need regular watering because they must become established into the soil. As with outdoor plants, greenhouse carnations tolerate dryness but not overly saturated soil, so give them a light misting or about 1 inch of water or less, as needed. Bright, direct light encourages plants to grow. Greenhouse-grown carnations are often nurtured and "forced" to bloom at different times so that flowers are ready for gift-giving.
Disease and Pests
Carnations and other Dianthus flowers such as "Sweet William" (D. barbatus), which is hardy in USDA zones 4 through 9, may develop bacterial leaf spot, root rot and fusarium wilt. Bacterial leaf spot develops gray and brown dots and splotches on foliage. Root rot occurs when saturated stems and roots lie in excess water. Fusarium wilt causes leaves to yellow and often drop. Removing plants from infected soil may help them recover, depending on the severity of the damage. Dianthus flowers attract spider mites, thrips, aphids and other insects, especially in dry, hot weather. Regular watering and chemical pest control help to control infestation.
- The New Sunset Western Garden Book: Kathleen Norris Brenzel, ed.
- University of Maryland Cooperative Extension: Carnation Production and Consumer Care
- University of Florida Extension: Gardening with Annuals
- Alabama Cooperative Extension: Greenhouse Production of Dianthus
- Fine Gardening: Dianthus (Carnation, Pink)
- Missouri Botanical Garden: Dianthus 'Feuerhexe' Firewitch
- National Gardening Association: Dianthus
Teri Silver began a career in 1984 as a news, sports and feature writer/reporter, anchor, editor, producer and program host for central Ohio radio and television stations. She has done work for stations including WTVN, WMNI and WOSU (NPR). Silver has a Bachelor of Arts in journalism with an English minor from The Ohio State University.


Meaning of anthericum in English:
Pronunciation /anˈθɛrɪkəm/
 - Any plant of the genus Anthericum (family Asparagaceae) or formerly belonging to it, which have rhizomatous or tuberous roots, narrow leaves, and bear racemes or panicles of star-like, usually white flowers; a spiderwort. Also (in form Anthericum): the genus itself.
 Valid publication of the genus name: Linnaeus Species Plantarum (1753) I. 310.
Mid 18th century; earliest use found in John Hill (bap. 1714, d. 1775), physician and actor. From scientific Latin Anthericum, genus name (LinnaeusGenera plantarum 303) from classical Latin anthericus flowering stem of asphodel (Pliny: see below) + scientific Latin -um, neuter ending.


About The Author
Leonardo Losoviz is a freelance developer and writer, with an ongoing quest to integrate innovative paradigms (Serverless PHP, server-side components, GraphQL) … More about Leonardo ↬
Sending Emails Asynchronously Through AWS SES
 Sending many transactional emails at once, if not architected properly, could become a bottleneck for the application and degrade the user experience. Part of the problem is connecting to the SMTP server from within the application, synchronously. In this article we will explore how to send emails from outside the application, asynchronously, using a combination of AWS S3, Lambda, and SES.
 Most applications send emails to communicate with their users. Transactional emails are those triggered by the user's interaction with the application, such as when welcoming a new user after registering in the site, giving the user a link to reset the password, or attaching an invoice after the user does a purchase. All these previous cases will typically require sending only one email to the user. In some other cases though, the application needs to send many more emails, such as when a user posts new content on the site, and all her followers (which, in a platform like Twitter, may amount to millions of users) will receive a notification. In this latter situation, not architected properly, sending emails may become a bottleneck in the application.
 That is what happened in my case. I have a site that may need to send 20 emails after some user-triggered actions (such as user notifications to all her followers). Initially, it relied on sending the emails through a popular cloud-based SMTP provider (such as SendGrid, Mandrill, Mailjet and Mailgun), however the response back to the user would take seconds. Evidently, connecting to the SMTP server to send those 20 emails was slowing the process down significantly.
 After inspection, I found out the sources of the problem:
 1. Synchronous connection
 The application connects to the SMTP server and waits for an acknowledgment, synchronously, before continuing the execution of the process.
 2. High latency
 While my server is located in Singapore, the SMTP provider I was using has its servers located in the US, making the roundtrip connection take considerable time.
 3. No reusability of the SMTP connection
 When calling the function to send an email, the function sends the email immediately, creating a new SMTP connection on that moment (it doesn't offer to collect all emails and send them all together at the end of the request, under a single SMTP connection).
 Because of #1, the time the user must wait for the response is tied to the time it takes to send the emails. Because of #2, the time to send one email is relatively high. And because of #3, the time to send 20 emails is 20 times the time it takes to send one email. While sending only one email may not make the application terribly slower, sending 20 emails certainly does, affecting the user experience.
 Let's see how we can solve this issue.
 Paying Attention To The Nature Of Transactional Emails
 Before anything, we must notice that not all emails are equal in importance. We can broadly categorize emails into two groups: priority and non-priority emails. For instance, if the user forgot the password to access the account, she will expect the email with the password reset link immediately on her inbox; that is a priority email. In contrast, sending an email notifying that somebody we follow has posted new content does not need to arrive on the user's inbox immediately; that is a non-priority email.
 The solution must optimize how these two categories of emails are sent. Assuming that there will only be a few (maybe 1 or 2) priority emails to be sent during the process, and the bulk of the emails will be non-priority ones, then we design the solution as follows:
 - Priority emails can simply avoid the high latency issue by using an SMTP provider located in the same region where the application is deployed. In addition to good research, this involves integrating our application with the provider's API.
 - Non-priority emails can be sent asynchronously, and in batches where many emails are sent together. Implemented at the application level, it requires an appropriate technology stack.
 Let's define the technology stack to send emails asynchronously next.
 Defining The Technology Stack
 Note: I have decided to base my stack on AWS services because my website is already hosted on AWS EC2. Otherwise, I would have an overhead from moving data among several companies' networks. However, we can implement our soluting using other cloud service providers too.
 My first approach was to set-up a queue. Through a queue, I could have the application not send the emails anymore, but instead publish a message with the email content and metadata in a queue, and then have another process pick up the messages from the queue and send the emails.
 However, when checking the queue service from AWS, called SQS, I decided that it was not an appropriate solution, because:
 - It is rather complex to set-up;
 - A standard queue message can store only up top 256 kb of information, which may not be enough if the email has attachments (an invoice for instance). And even though it is possible to split a large message into smaller messages, the complexity grows even more.
 Then I realized that I could perfectly imitate the behavior of a queue through a combination of other AWS services, S3 and Lambda, which are much easier to set-up. S3, a cloud object storage solution to store and retrieve data, can act as the repository for uploading the messages, and Lambda, a computing service that runs code in response to events, can pick a message and execute an operation with it.
 In other words, we can set-up our email sending process like this:
 1. The application uploads a file with the email content + metadata to an S3 bucket.
 2. Whenever a new file is uploaded into the S3 bucket, S3 triggers an event containing the path to the new file.
 3. A Lambda function picks the event, reads the file, and sends the email.
 Finally, we have to decide how to send emails. We can either keep using the SMTP provider that we already have, having the Lambda function interact with their APIs, or use the AWS service for sending emails, called SES. Using SES has both benefits and drawbacks:
 - Very simple to use from within AWS Lambda (it just takes 2 lines of code).
 - It is cheaper: Lambda fees are computed based on the amount of time it takes to execute the function, so connecting to SES from within the AWS network will take a shorter time than connecting to an external server, making the function finish earlier and costing less. (Unless SES is not available in the same region where the application is hosted; in my case, because SES is not offered in the Asian Pacific (Singapore) region, where my EC2 server is located, then I might be better off connecting to some Asia-based external SMTP provider).
 - Not many stats for monitoring our sent emails are provided, and adding more powerful ones requires extra effort (eg: tracking what percentage of emails were opened, or what links were clicked, must be set-up through AWS CloudWatch).
 - If we keep using the SMTP provider for sending the priority emails, then we won't have our stats all together in 1 place.
 For simplicity, in the code below we will be using SES.
 We have then defined the logic of the process and stack as follows: The application sends priority emails as usual, but for non-priority ones, it uploads a file with email content and metadata to S3; this file is asynchronously processed by a Lambda function, which connects to SES to send the email.
 Let's start implementing the solution.
 Differentiating Between Priority And Non-Priority Emails
 In short, this all depends on the application, so we need to decide on an email by email basis. I will describe a solution I implemented for WordPress, which requires some hacks around the constraints from function wp_mail. For other platforms, the strategy below will work too, but quite possibly there will be better strategies, which do not require hacks to work.
 The way to send an email in WordPress is by calling function wp_mail, and we don't want to change that (eg: by calling either function wp_mail_synchronous or wp_mail_asynchronous), so our implementation of wp_mail will need to handle both synchronous and asynchronous cases, and will need to know to which group the email belongs. Unluckily, wp_mail doesn't offer any extra parameter from which we could asses this information, as it can be seen from its signature:
 Then, in order to find out the category of the email we add a hacky solution: by default, we make an email belong to the priority group, and if $to contains a particular email (eg: _EMAIL_), or if $subject starts with a special string (eg: "[Non-priority!]"), then it belongs to the non-priority group (and we remove the corresponding email or string from the subject). wp_mail is a pluggable function, so we can override it simply by implementing a new function with the same signature on our functions.php file. Initially, it contains the same code of the original wp_mail function, located in file wp-includes/pluggable.php, to extract all parameters:
 if (!function_exists( 'wp_mail' ) ) :
 $atts = apply_filters( 'wp_mail', compact( 'to','subject','message', 'headers', 'attachments' ) );


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Updated by Amber Weller on Nov 09, 2019
Amber Weller Amber Weller
10 items 1 followers 0 votes 1 views
Curated Lesson ResourcesFractions
Fractions Song For Kids | 2nd Grade - 3rd Grade
Description: The video is a song that gives examples of fractions and tells what the numerator and denominator are.
Rationale: I chose this video because it is a fun way for students to remember the parts of a fraction, plus, the song is catchy and funny. Students generally remember concepts better when it is in the form of a song.
Fractions Visual
Fractions Visual
Description: This is a picture that displays one single part of different types of fractions.
Rationale: This is a great visual for students to compare and contrast different fractions and see how one fraction is bigger or smaller than another. It also simply allows students to see how to represent a fraction in a picture.
Let's Learn Fractions - Understanding Math for Kids
Description: This video explains what fractions are, when we use them, and what they look like.
Rationale: This video is a short simple video that teaches the concept of fractions well with some visuals throughout it. This would be a good introduction to fractions.
Fractions | CoolMath4Kids
Description: This site has 17 different links that students can choose from to read and learn all about fractions from the basics of what a fraction is, to the more advanced concepts like dividing fractions.
Rationale: This allows students to take control of their learning and explore on their own a bit to learn the content. If a student is struggling, they can stick to the basics, but if a student understands very well, they can move on to something more advanced to be challenged.
Fractions by The Math Learning Center
Description: It is a blank drawing board that has tools that allows students to create their own fractions.
Rationale: This is a fun activity for students to explore and practice making pictures to represent given fractions or their own made up fractions.
Math Games: Fractions as Parts of a Set
Description: This is a matching games that has students match a fraction in numbers with a fraction represented in a picture.
Rationale: This is a fun way for students to learn how to represent fractions in model/picture form.
Flipgrid | Empower Every Voice
Description: Flipgrid is a tool where students can record videos and share them with the teacher and other students with the class code.
Rationale: I would use this for students to record themselves explaining what they have learned about fractions and to give their own examples.
If You Were a Fraction
Description: This video is a read aloud of a book "If you were a fraction" by Trisha Speed Shaskan
Rationale: This video incorporates literacy into math. It is a fun way for students to become more familiar with fractions especially with real world examples. This would really appeal to those students who love books.
What is a fraction?
What is a fraction?
Description: This photo just explains what a fraction is and the parts of a fraction with models and examples, all in one image.
Rationale: This is a simple way to learn the basics of a fraction in one image.
Description: This is just a virtual manipulative activity where students can drag and drop and explore with different fractions.
Rationale: It is a great tool for students to use to explore and understand how parts make up a whole.


Implementing Embedded Speed Control for Brushless DC Motors: Part 6 -
Implementing Embedded Speed Control for Brushless DC Motors: Part 6
Another method worth considering in any discussion of motor control isvector control. The detailed formulation of this method to control thetorque and flux in PMSM was originally achieved by Jahns, Kliman, andNeumann [1] in the mid-1980s.
Additional work has been done by many authors, and you will findmore information and explanation in references [2,3,4]. Here we willsimply summarize the concept and compare it to the 180-degree V/fopen-loop and closed-loop scalar control methods previously discussed.
When we examine the torque equation for a brushless DC motor, werealize that the equation is really a vector formulation with thevector product of the current and magnetic fields shown on theright-hand side:
If we formulate a rotor frame that has a d-axis parallel to thenorth-south line and a q-axis perpendicular to the d-axis, asillustrated in Figure 47 below,we can actually convert the stator currentsin the rotor frame.
Figure47. Stator frame to rotor frame transformation for vector control.
We then realize that the current along the d-axis creates pure flux,whereas the current along the q-axis creates pure torque. Denotingthese two currents as Id and Iq, we can say that our control algorithmmust control both these currents to maintain proper flux and propertorque in the system. We know that speed is directly related to torque,and torque is related to the q-axis current.
Therefore, we must create a reference q-axis current to maintain thespeed. Then we can control the q-axis current through transformation ofour axes. In this way we convert the single-variable speed control intocontrol with more variables – speed, d-axis current, and q-axiscurrent – and we use a vector formulation to compute the quantitiesthatwe need to control. Hence we call this method "vector control."
Now let's take a look at the detailed steps necessary for vectorcontrol. As Figure 48 below shows, a profile module gives the speed commandto the control algorithm at some point in time.
On the right hand side, a control function outputs commands for theinverter, which is connected to the motor. This configuration has twocurrent sensors to measure the phase U and phase W currents. Thesensors are connected to the ADC on the MCU. The motor also has anencoder mounted on its rotor to give the quadrature pulses A, B andalso the zero synch pulse Z. All three signals are sent to theinput-capture and timer/counter peripheral for speed measurement.
Figure48. Vector control flow diagram.
At every carrier-frequency interrupt, three PWM signals aregenerated. While all three PWM signals are applied, the system measurestwo currents by triggering the ADC channels.
During the next interrupt execution, these currents are thentransformed from stator U, V, and W axes to d-q axes using matrixmultiplications that involve the rotor angle q at that time. The rotorangle is measured by reading the A,B pulses and converting this readinginto a proper angle. The control system's firmware is greatly helped ifthe MCU has a hardware timer with input capture and continuous countingof A,B pulses.
Based on the rotor position theta, stator currents are transformedind-q axes currents as we have noted. The speed measurement is fed intothe auto speed regulator (ASR), shown in Figure 48 above, which generates thereference q-axis current required to maintain the commanded speed.
This reference q-axis current and measured q-axis currents are fedinto the auto current regulator (ACR) to create q-axis voltage to beapplied to the next PWM. The reference current in the d-axis ismaintained at constant level to maintain proper flux in the stator.
This reference d-axis current and the measured d-axis currents arefed into a second ACR to create the d-axis voltage. Corrections aremade to the voltage calculations according to the number of pole pairsand the reference currents in the d and q axes.
When the final values Vd and Vq are computed, they are transformedfrom the rotor frame to the stator frame using inverse transformationand that rotor angle value. Three voltages in the stator frame – Vu, Vvand Vw – are converted into the PWM values that are to be output by thethree-phase timer unit.
Current measurements and auto current regulators are executed atevery carrier frequency. This process, which is known as "inner loop,"uses the fastest control algorithm. In contrast, encoder measurements,and especially speed measurements, are performed at a lower rate.Therefore, the auto speed regulator and related computations areperformed using a slower process called "outer loop."
A typical carrier-frequency or inner loop rate is about 4kHz ormore, and the encoder-based speed computation or outer loop rate isabout 500Hz or so. Occasionally the outer loop rate can drop as low as50Hz.
Experts agree that vector control method controls the torque andflux very well, and it maintains the desired speed accurately. Vectorcontrol requires one position sensor and two current sensors to performthe necessary tasks. It also requires an MCU with high computing powerso that the inner-loop and outer-loop processes can be executedproperly. Additionally, the MCU must be capable of measuring twocurrents simultaneously, so it must have two sample-and-hold circuitsin its ADC peripheral.
The vector-control method provides dynamic torque control based onexact speed measurements and current measurements. Consider an examplein which the load changes during rotation. Since speed is measuredseveral times (typically at a 500Hz rate), any load changes thataffects the speed will be detected and for the next rotation, theq-axis current will be adjusted properly to maintain the same speed.
If higher current is required, it will be provided. Control andsystem experts generally regard vector control as the reference againstwhich the performance of other methods are compared and evaluated.
The vector-control method does have some drawbacks. It requiressensors and thus adds cost to the final implementation. Also, itmandates an MCU with high computing power, which may add cost.
In Table 6, below, we see acomparison of the features, accuracy,and required MCU resources for the three control methods we havecovered thus far: V/f open-loop, scalar, and vector control.
Table6. Comparison of V/f open loop, scalar and vector control.
Sensorless control
Since the vector control method we have just examined requires oneposition sensor and two current sensors, the final system configurationmay be costly.
Consumer applications, especially white goods, are verycost-sensitive and thus cannot afford this type of implementation. Atthe same time, these applications do not require the same performanceaccuracy for speed, as do industrial applications.
Therefore, two other control techniques have been developed thatprovide adequate performance for the system, yet keep cost down. Thesetechniques are called sensorless because they do not require anyposition sensors. Both methods use the same 180-degree modulation andvector control algorithm.
The first of these methods eliminates the position sensor but keepsthe two current sensors. It is known as "DCCT-based sensorless vectorcontrol" and is shown in Figure 49,below. Because this method uses noposition sensor, angle and speed are estimated using the currentmeasurements and voltages applied the previous PWM cycle.
Figure49. Position sensorless control with 2 DCCT current sensors.
The method employs a Kalman-filter approach based on principles ofmodern control theory, an observer-based model, and a state transitionmatrix. Estimated angle and speed are used together in the same vectorcontrol algorithm to control the current in the q-axis.
Such an implementation requires many matrix calculations, and thusan MCU with high computing capability is a requirement. In fact, theCPU bandwidth needed is nearly double that of vector control method.Gain adjustment in the auto speed regulator and auto current regulatoris very difficult. Exact motor parameters must be known, particularlythe q-axis and d-axis inductance parameters, which are difficult tomeasure. Despite the challenges, such control is a reality and has beenimplemented in several applications.
In a second method, the position sensor and two DCCT sensors areeliminated. Currents are measured using the shunt resistance installedon the low side of the inverter, as shown in Figure 50, below. This shuntresistance is a precision resistor capable of measuring the fullcurrent range of the motor. Using one shunt, we measure two currents;thus this method is known as "one shunt current detection vectorcontrol" or simply "OSCD vector control."
Figure50. One shunt current detection method that eliminates DCCT andposition sensor.
The implementation shown in Figure51, below, is similar to that of the DCCTmethod, but it adds one more computing block, Current Meas. Tounderstand why this addition is necessary, we'll look at how thecurrent is measured.
Figure51. OCSD implementation flow with current measurement module.
First, remember that our setup has only one shunt resistor. Tomeasure individual phase currents, we must be careful. Figure 52 showsus how the three PWM outputs are applied. In this figure, the W phasehas largest PWM time, V has next smaller, and U has the smallest.
If we measure the shunt current between the rising edge of W and therising edge of V, we know that only the W phase (that is, only the Wp-upper W phase IGBT) is on at that time. So, we measure W phasecurrent. Next, if we measure the current between the rising edge of Vand the rising edge of U, then we are measuring the W and V phasecurrent together.
Figure52. One


text:
The concepts of liberty and responsibility have been dealt with extensively from the perspectives of economics, political theory, philosophy, and religion. But a special kind of insight into man's exercise of liberty and acceptance of responsibility is possible through the device of literature. Literature allows one to consider, reflect on, and attempt to understand the meaning of such abstractions as liberty and responsibility by presenting their dramatic unfolding. This way of approaching classic texts offers a way to connect the world of absolute and particulars and to appreciate how they meet and interact in the interiority of human existence. In this collection of essays, prominent scholars explore the themes of liberty and responsibility as they are intertwined in the great works of Twain, Dostoevsky, James, Warren, Johnson, Shakespeare, and others.
What They're Saying...
"McLean has collected seven essays by literary and political scholars of widely different interests and styles. All, without exception, are well written and full of insight."
— The Weekly Standard
"The belief that literature has been neglected in the study of political freedom has inspired this collection of seven charming essays on classic books… Taken together, these essays show that true liberty is responsible liberty, and that freedom is achieved only in the service of the good. For the individual, this means that freedom is accomplished when reason, with spiritedness, governs the passions."
— Kathleen Arnn, Claremont Review of Books


text:
Written by an international team of practitioners, this book offers an overview of the most important and common clinical issues in obstetrics and gynecology, including reproductive endocrinology, gynecologic oncology, and sexuality. It provides readers with current information on evidence-based approaches to the management of normal pregnancy, labor and birth, as well as the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of high-risk pregnancy, infertility, and acute and chronic diseases in women of all ages. For each condition the authors give a clear definition, discuss its epidemiology, etiology and pathophysiology, and present the most recent protocols for its detection, screening, and clinical management.
Clearly and consistently organized chapters for optimal comprehension of the material
A section dedicated to the legal and ethical issues related to reproductive health
More than 200 illustrations, many in full color, demonstrating critical data and concepts
A summary of key points at the end of most chapters and "Best Evidence" boxes that focus on significant clinical trials
Self-test questions and answers on an accompanying website
A comprehensive introduction to the field, Obstetrics and Gynecology: The Essentials of Clinical Care is an excellent textbook and reference for medical students on clinical rotation in obstetrics/gynecology, and for residents in the specialty. Nurses, midwives, and physician assistants will also benefit from its wealth of information.show more


text:
We thought you might find this article about New York artist Eve Mosher's work interesting. In 2007, she used art to illustrate the potential high water mark for a 100-year flood in New York City. Images from Hurricane Sandy last October show the reality of the flooding that occurred in some of the same places Eve had marked.
Here in Portland, we're working to protect and reconnect natural floodplains as important natural resources and to protect homes and businesses from flooding during some storm events. Environmental Services' East Lents project to restore part of the Johnson Creek floodplain is nearly complete—watch for the 150,000 newly planted native shrubs and trees to really take off this spring. And, last month we announced the exciting purchase of 54 acres of natural area in the Columbia Slough watershed. This property, with sensitive wetlands that store and filter rain water, is a rare remnant of the Columbia River's historic floodplain.
Aerial photo of the January 2009 Johnson Creek flood after a fresh snowfall.
The approx. 70 acre East Lents project area is circled in red.


text:
Patrick Ye, Timothy Baldwin
In this paper, we propose a machine learning-based NLP system for automatically creating animated storyboards using the action descriptions of movie scripts. We focus particularly on the importance of verb semantics when generating graphics commands, and find that semantic role labelling boosts performance and is relatively robust to the effects of unseen verbs.
Subjects: 13. Natural Language Processing; 6.4 Virtual Reality
Submitted: Apr 15, 2008


text:
using colors like blue
You simply must
I can paint – how about you?
In celebrating Dr. Seuss' birthday and all the fun his books bring to our lives, we pulled out the paint brushes. The wonderful thing about Seuss art is that you can create a Cat in the Hat, fish or Thing 1 or Thing 2 any way you'd like. There's really no wrong way.
For this project you will need:
- 1 5×7 canvas for each painting you plan to do
- acrylic paints
- black, permanent marker
- colored markers (optional, for drawing activity)
- For the characters, we had a Cat in the Hat book close by for reference. If you don't have a Dr. Seuss book handy, you can click over to Suessville for inspiration.
*Details on canvas, paints and brushes are explained in Acrylics Plus Links to Tutorials
You have brains in your head. You have feet in your shoes. You can steer yourself in any direction you choose. ~ Dr. Seuss
Instructions: For both characters, we sketched off the basic outline. Here are the steps we followed:
1. Taking a plain piece of printer paper, trace the outline of the canvas. This will help you determine the size of your Seuss character. For example, Middle Girl ended up just drawing Cat in the Hat from the waist up because that is all that would fit to scale on the 5×7 canvas. The fish, however, was just a simple shape. He and his bowl fit easily into the 5×7 space.
2. Sketch the basic outline of your character onto your printer paper – into the 5×7 space you sketched off. This gives you practice in sketching your character. You could also trace the shape onto your paper.
3. Using a pastel chalk stick (or a pencil is fine – just use it very lightly), sketch the outline of your character onto the 5×7 canvas.
- Sketch the outline of your fish bowl onto your canvas.
- Sketch the outline of your fish.
- Mix a touch of blue paint into about a tablespoon of white paint. Paint your bowl. You can add some touches around the outer part of your bowl to give it depth, like above.
- Paint your fish the brilliant yellow of Dr. Suess style.
- Next, paint your background red.
- Once your painting dries, use a black permanent marker to outline the fish and your bowl.
- Sketch the outline of your Cat in the Hat onto your canvas.
- Leaving the cat white, paint stripes on his body, face and tail.
- Add in the eyes, nose, mouth and whiskers with black paint. Outline the stripes on the cat's hat in black paint as well.
- Paint some of the stripes on your hat red. Then paint your cat's bow tie red.
- Using brilliant blue, paint your background.
- You might want to mix in some white with your blue and add some modern art looking touches to your background. (Middle Girl mixed in a bit of blue-gray to her background).
With both of these characters, feel free to make them your own. Add touches of your favorite color to the background. The background ended up being my favorite part. Just look at the modern art look of the blue brush strokes.
The children enjoyed the acrylic art so much, they then pulled out the colored markers. Copying, free-hand from illustrations. Nana points out to the children that copying from drawings is a great exercise in concentration. It is good to see how others have drawn the scene or figure in the past. Of course we always give credit to the real artist and say that we drew this "in the manner of…" Nana says she, "learned how to draw cartoon figures in the fourth grade (probably when a math lesson was being taught) and I found it to be an exercise similar to the teachings of the book, Drawing on the Right Side of the Brain."
Today you are you. That is truer than true. There is no one alive who is youer than you. ~ Dr. Seuss
For more ways to celebrate Dr. Seuss' birthday, visit my Sooo Seuss Pinterest board.
- A note on acrylics: Just like pastels, acrylics will wash off your hands easily. But if the paint gets on any fabric – it is permanent! We wear a smock and cover our painting surface.
- Supplies needed: All details on paint, brushes, canvases and palettes are listed in Acrylics Plus Links to Tutorials.
- Print this lesson: Just click the green, 'print-friendly' button at the top, left of this post. You can choose to print the lesson with or without photos. By clicking the 'remove photos' box, you may print the text directions only.
- Looking for more free art lessons? All of Nana's tutorials are contained in Pastels Plus Links to Tutorials (over 35) and Acrylics Plus Links to Tutorials
- Ami from Walking by the Way
- Amy from Milk and Cookies
- Cindy from Our Journey Westward
- Jenn from Daze of Adventure
- Jimmie from Jimmie's Collage
- Karin from Passport Academy
- Kendra from Preschoolers and Peace
How about you? Are you enjoying a Seussville sort of day?


text:
Discrete-Time Integral Control of PWM DC-DC Converters
Abed, Eyad H.
MetadataShow full item record
Discrete-time integral control of thePWM DC-DC converters is considered using recentlydeveloped general sampled-data power stage models. Either the voltage or current of the power stage can be controlled.Both state feedback and output feedback are addressed.Line and load regulation are achieved through a discrete-time integrator.By adding an analog filter, the average value of output can be regulated.State observers are constructed for converters belonging to a certain class.