Janosh is sharing the energy of the Arcturians in different ways. Please see below a list with explanations:
A hologram is a direct translation of the prevailing energy. It is also called a code, to decipher a particular consciousness in yourself. Each hologram consists of geometric patterns, associated with a meaning. By tuning in and focusing on the centre of the hologram, you make contact with that part in yourself that is connected to this.
An activation is an intensive experience of a certain hologram (code). It is an active meditation with image and sound. On the one hand, a hologram is being built up in several layers in order to connect to a certain frequency. Consider it like as a radio dial that one uses to find the right radio station. When you are asked to close your eyes, you start listening to musical tones which take you on a journey. That is when the code is doing its work and a certain consciousness is being activated in yourself.
Multimedia experiences
In addition to the activations, Janosh shares his obtained information during a Multimedia Experience. This is a combination of image, music and text. Several different themes are being covered about the nature of our lives, whereby our way of thinking, feeling and experiencing, take a central place.
Janosh is offering several different workshops to enable you to empower your choices in your life. In first instance the focus in on who you are and what you want to achieve. The goal is to offer you some keys which enable you to open new doors. Partly Janosh helps you do this personally, but it is more important for you to find the answers yourself. That is where the activations come in; to help you to get in touch with the higher frequencies, which will help you to increase your strength and consciousness.
A webinar or webcast is an audio and video event broadcast and delivered right to your computer at your own home. This will take approximately one hour. Janosh will address you via his webcam and will take you towards the starting moment of the activation. At the bottom of your screen you will find a text field, which you can use for questions and/or remarks. Depending on the time left after a session, Janosh will answer as many questions as possible via chat.
Private sessions
It is possible to book a private session with Janosh for more personal issues, which cannot be addressed in a group session. Janosh will ask his guides for information, so that he can help you address core issues.


So why are gemstones so popular? If you look at things in terms of energy (and most spiritual traditions do in one way or another), then human beings are basically filling our own energetic 'gaps' through our various desires
Basically, we're seeking happiness and fulfillment in one form or another. But the problem is humans have so many 'gaps' that we can't always fill them in easily…or even permanently (even with spiritual practices). That's why using certain tools, such as gemstones and precious metals, can help.
Certain stones and elements give off energy that can fill in these gaps.
This comes from millions of years forming in the earth, absorbing the intense pressure, heat, or whatever unique earth property went into its formation.
Understanding what You Need
Our own energetic needs are determined not so much by external circumstances, but our internal life. For instance, you may find that a certain circumstance has caused you to feel hurt, and therefore less likely to trust others.
Or maybe you're having trouble expressing yourself in the work space, or you need to work on your confidence. All these things can cause a bit of turmoil in life. And while you should meet the issue head-on (as in introspection), sometimes an extra boost is needed. Gemstones can greatly help with that. But first, you have to get really honest with yourself: Where do you feel like you need to do some work on yourself? What's within you that's preventing you from leading the life you've always wanted?
Filling the Energetic Gaps
Once you determine what's working for you and what's not, you can begin to do some research into which gemstones can help. But see if you can identify the specific emotion first, and then go from there. Then you can begin to do research based upon what serves you, and not what looks good. I know it's easy to do that, but you have to look at it from the perspective of healing yourself and using a tool rather just something nice to look at. But, the nice thing is many of the most healing gemstones are also the most popular…and many have been made into jewelry. Wearing your gemstone has the benefit of allowing you to absorb the energy constantlywhich makes it much easier when compared to a raw stone.
Often, the crystals you choose will be absolutely relevant to your life in the present moment. It's your intuition's way of telling you what your soul needs. Isn't it crazy how accurate the crystals are? Truthfully, it's how accurate you are. Remember that you picked the stones! Something deep within your soul was telling you what you needed to remember about yourself.
View list of Gemstone Healing Properties here.
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Colonial Mill Ponds of Lancaster County as a Major Source of Suspended Sediment to the Susquehanna River and Chesapeake Bay
Robert Walter and Dorothy Merritts
Department of Earth and Environment
Franklin and Marshall College
Lancaster, PA 17603
From the 18th through the early 20th Centuries, mills, mill dams and mill ponds were unusually abundant on Lancaster County streams. By 1840, over 500 water-powered mills were in operation in Lancaster County alone, which equates to one mill pond every 3 km of stream length. On some streams, such as on the West Branch of the Little Conestoga and the aptly named Mill Creek, the density was as high as one mill pond every kilometer. Such intense ponding, we surmise, essentially converted Lancaster County streams into linear slack-water ponds. Large volumes of eroded topsoil from post-settlement deforestation and tilling was trapped and stored in stream valley bottoms behind mill dams. Today, the mill ponds are completely filled with sediment and most dams are gone, some within the last few years as part of a conservation strategy to return streams to their natural state. We predict that much of the sediment load carried by the streams of Lancaster County today is not from modern soil runoff, as is often assumed, but rather is from reactivated, centuries-old sediment stored in valley bottoms behind historic mill dams.
The timing and ultimate source of sediment in Lancaster County streams has far-reaching implications beyond local interests in farmland conservation. The Conestoga watershed is an environmental hotspot, yielding by far more suspended sediment to the Susquehanna River per acre of land than any other part of the Susquehanna watershed. Sediment is the greatest stream pollutant in the United States, and it is especially devastating to the Chesapeake Bay as a contributor to low oxygen levels and habitat degradation.
We are working in partnership with faculty and students in the Departments of Earth and Environment, History, and Biology at Franklin and Marshall College, and with colleagues from the Lancaster County Historical Society, the U. S. Geological Survey, and Case Western Reserve University. We received a small grant from the Franklin and Marshall College Committee on Grants to support preliminary research, and we have submitted a proposal to the National Science Foundation for two-years of full research funding. It is anticipated that at least two undergraduate theses will be generated from this project.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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The Daily Facts interviewed him for our 125th anniversary of Redlands video series. He was so chock full of interesting facts about Redlands, and stories from the city's history, that the interview went almost three times longer than the others had taken.
This week's video is more than 45 minutes long.
This legacy for Atchley began during a college project, when he had to read early editions of the Citrograph, a newspaper in town a century ago. He indexed and organized the articles.
After the project, he kept going, folding the Redlands Daily Facts into his research and ending up with a full and illustrated documentation of Redlands and surrounding areas.
We filmed on one of the stone bridges at Sylvan Park that goes over the Zanja, which proper Redlanders pronounce "Sanky." Atchley has written a book on that irrigation ditch. He said people are right when they say it was built by an Indian tribe, but the rumor that they used shoulder blades from oxen for lack of tools is false. They used shovels, purchased right here in the Inland Empire.
He told us Sylvan Park was originally the Lugonia Heights Dump. Those rolling hills? Trash with lawn on top. In order to turn it into a park, the Redlands High School classes of 1910-15 were commissioned with planting trees, one per graduate, as a senior project. Each graduating class had about 20 students. The south side of Sylvan was designed as a campground for transients heading to the mountains.
Atchley said the whole town was called Lugonia for a time, named after the Lugo family, who were among the founders of this community.
He talked about Sarah Morey, for whom the Morey House was built, and her role in bringing the orange industry to Redlands. The Redlands district had 26 packinghouses. We were the naval orange capital of the world.
Because of a national tariff passed by then-Sen. William McKinley, the price of oranges was high and Redlanders became wealthy. When then-President McKinley visited Redlands in 1901, the streets were covered in rose petals.
In the five years it took for the orange trees to grow a harvestable crop, Redlands exported celery.
The 1913 freeze here, Atchley said, was worse than the Great Depression. We not only lost the orange crops, but snow birds opted not to winter here.
Atchley said there used to be three train tracks and stations in town. The surviving one, running through the Santa Fe Depot on Orange Street, was accompanied by the two that were taken out: the Dinky and the Southern Pacific.
He talked about how JDB Stillman was Leland Stanford's physician. In the 1880s he bought land and planted a vineyard and started a winery where the University of Redlands now stands.
And he talked about the fascination Redlanders have with our old houses. His presentation, originally including 80 houses and their history, has grown to 5,000 homes. Knob-and-tube wiring and Redlands rats have caused the loss of many of these Victorians, because of fire.
Reach Toni via email, call her at _PHONE_, or find her on Twitter _USER_.


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Bush dogs are CARNIVORES and their main prey are large rodents like paca and agouti
They live in forest areas near water
Strong claws help them dig out prey like armadillos
Only a dominant female will breed and other females' oestrous cycles are suppressed to stop them from reproducing
Bush dogs are found in the Amazon basin and other parts of South America living in social groups of up to 12 individuals. Considered a cooperative canid, they sleep close to each other, feed without fighting and follow each other around their habitat.
Bush dogs hunt in packs chasing their prey into nearby water sources and towards other waiting pack members. They may be small at 25-30cm tall, but work together using their combined weight to bring down prey with their sharp incisors and strong molars.
Their fur is thick, soft and reddish brown but pups are darker to help camouflage them from predators. Packs consist of a single mating pair that breed whilst the remaining adults support the rearing of up to 6 pups at a time.
They are perfectly adapted for swimming with partially webbed feet which also stop them sinking in mud. You might hear them making some strange calling noises too, as they can be quite vocal when
they feel like it, even if they are shy! It's one of their ways of communicating with each other and warning each other of danger.
Bush dogs are also known as vinegar dogs as their scent glands emit as smell likened to vinegar!

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Persuasion vs. Proclamation
Picture of a TrainIn his posthumously published collection of lectures, Theology of Mission, John Howard Yoder introduces an interesting analogy to differentiate between communication that is truly evangelical, as opposed to that which is simply manipulative. The former, which he describes as proclamation, begins from a theological starting point. The latter, which he describes as persuasion, starts from an anthropological starting point. Yoder introduces the analogy of a train compared to a taxi in an attempt to introduce the difference between these two modes of speech. As someone raised on the music of Johnny Cash, I'm probably partial to the suggestion that "the kingdom is more like a train," but I'll leave it to you to draw your own conclusions. Here's the quote:
"The figure of speech that I use to illustrate this is the difference between the train and the taxi. The taxi will not go somewhere unless a person wants to go and pays for it. The taxi is on the client's schedule. If the taxi driver contributes at all to the decision about whether to go, it is by inviting the passenger to make the trip and saying that the rider would be happy when they get there or that the driver will get them there more cheaply, safely or quickly than somebody else. The individual's decision, however, is what determines whether the trip will be made and what the destination is, even whether the taxi will run. By contrast, when a train leaves depends on the schedule, not on any passenger's choice. Where the train will go depends on a combination of the schedule and the tracks. There is objectivity and reliability, a fitting into a plan that does not depend on any given passenger. Whether somebody gets on the train is completely his or her decision. But if somebody does not get on, they do not go anywhere. Moreover, what constitutes the destination does not depend on them at all.
Think of that difference as it relates to evangelism. Modern Western evangelism says, 'Won't you please get on so I can have a fare? Because I have to make my living running this taxi.' Kingdom of God proclamation says, 'This train is bound for glory. Get on or get left.' The objectivity, the fact that the train is going to leave without us if we do not get on, the fact that the kingdom is coming whether we want it or not, is the way of the kingdom whether we like it or not. As it happens, we will find that it is a good trip. But whether the conductor gets paid does not depend on whether we get on. The train is simply going. The kingdom is not a taxi. The kingdom is more like a train." – John Howard Yoder, Theology of Mission: A Believers Church Perspective, ed. Gayle Gerber Koontz and Andy Alexis-Baker (Downers Grove: IVP Academic, 2014), 109-110.
3 thoughts on "Persuasion vs. Proclamation"
 1. Yes, a good analogy, and I like the train idea. But, people do still need persuasion to get on the train. As the Apostle Paul said, we want to try anything we can (within reason of course) to persuade them.
 1. Hi Cathie,
 Yoder is using the word "persuasion" in a rather idiosyncratic way that is perhaps somewhat different then the way it is commonly used in conversation today. In the paragraph immediately preceding the taxi-train analogy, Yoder writes, "Persuasion, in contrast to proclamation, seeks to bring someone to an affirmation, and the focus is more on whether he or she has really accepted what God has done than on the fact that God did something."
 There are (at least) two dangers emerging from this turn-to-the-subject that Yoder is interested in guarding against. One is that the objectivity of what God has done in the Gospel ends up getting swallowed up by the needs of the listener with the result that what is left is a very truncated Gospel or no Gospel at all.
 The other concern for Yoder is that this turn to the listening subject can open the doors to presentations of the Gospel that seek to coerce people into making a decision for faith through manipulative means. The means and the end must line up for Yoder. A presentation of the Gospel that manipulates or coerces people, and hence fails to honour their humanity, is no longer the Gospel.
 That being said, Yoder is very interested in people responding to the Gospel. He does stand in the believers church tradition. Related to this, he insists on the fundamental "translatability" of the Gospel. Not only is the translation of the Gospel into the language of other cultures (even 21st century Canadian culture) possible, it is necessary according to the church's missional mandate. However, Yoder warns that in translating the Gospel into new languages the church must be ever on guard that the Gospel does not become captive to those language and worldviews. This is a perennial challenge for the church.
 1. Thanks for your answer, I just noticed it… I must have forgot to sign up for the email. I agree with all that! 🙂
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Scientists get to the bottom of a big sheep mystery
By Tim Friend, USA Today
15 September 2002: After a 10-year search, scientists have found the gene that causes certain sheep to have big, muscular bottoms. The discovery may sound odd, but experts say it may shed new light on why some people seem destined to be obese while others are natural-born muscular speed skaters. More important, the method used to find the gene also could be used to locate genes for disorders such as autism, bipolar disorder and some cancers, says Randy Jirtle, professor of radiation oncology at Duke University in Durham, N.C.
During fetal development, the big-bottom gene (called callipyge, Greek for ''beautiful buttocks'') shuts down production of fat cells. With few fat cells, energy is converted into bulky muscle. It is possible a disruption in the same gene or its region in humans could load a person with extra fat cells from birth.
The story of big-bottomed sheep began 20 years ago when a farmer observed a young ram in his flock growing muscular, oversized buttocks, a result of a naturally occurring mutation. He reasoned that if flocks of such sheep could be bred, they would yield more meat per animal. The ram was bred with normal females and, as predicted, they produced big-bottomed lambs, some of them females. But when the big-bottomed females were bred to normal rams: no big bottoms. That defied traditional patterns of inheritance, Jirtle says, but no one knew why.
Ten years ago, scientists began hunting for the big-bottom gene, but traditional methods found nothing. Finally, U.S. Department of Agriculture geneticist Brad Freking, who led this study, obtained DNA from inbred offspring of the original ram, decoded it and compared it with DNA from normal sheep. Among more than 450,000 letters of code, he found a single letter out of place; from that mutation, scientists tracked down the genes. Usually they find a gene first, then look for mutations.
The gene was invisible to standard gene-hunting methods because of the strange inheritance pattern observed 20 years ago. That complex and poorly understood pattern is called imprinting. Normally, people inherit two copies of their genes -- one from the mother, one from the father. That way, if one copy goes bad, the good copy can do the work. With imprinting, only one copy works to begin with; the other copy is essentially bound and gagged. A single mutation can completely knock out gene function.
Imprinting already is associated with at least three serious genetic disorders and is probably linked to many more, including autism, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and Tourette's syndrome. Scientists have searched for genes for these disorders without any luck. If they start looking with imprinting in mind, the genes might be revealed. The same may hold true for cancer.
As for the big-bottomed sheep, all that muscle and no fat make the meat tough and dry. No one wants to buy them.
''All that meat and not a bite to eat,'' Jirtle laments.


text: Weak memory models provide a complex, system-centric semantics for concurrent programs, while transactional memory (TM) provides a simpler, programmer-centric semantics. Both have been studied in detail, but their combined semantics is not well understood. This is problematic because such widely-used architectures and languages as x86, Power, and C++ all support TM, and all have weak memory models. Our work aims to clarify the interplay between weak memory and TM by extending existing axiomatic weak memory models (x86, Power, ARMv8, and C++) with new rules for TM. Our formal models are backed by automated tooling that enables (1) the synthesis of tests for validating our models against existing implementations and (2) the model-checking of TM-related transformations, such as lock elision and compiling C++ transactions to hardware. A key finding is that a proposed TM extension to ARMv8 currently being considered within ARM Research is incompatible with lock elision without sacrificing portability or performance.


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01949 851 441
07961 913 735
Have you put up your tree yet? Ever wondered what happens to our trees during these harsh Winter months?
Read Ollie's piece to find out.
"When we look out at our gardens and the British landscape at this time of year there isn't much greenery about. We are all familiar with the scenes of winter with frosted grass and the silhouettes of naked trees against the low sun, but have you ever stopped to think about what is going on inside those bare trees and why? The harsh winter months consist of shortened days with minimal light levels, freezing temperatures and strong winds, which the trees around us have to endure. Over millennia deciduous trees have become perfectly adapted to survive these testing months, by shutting down and becoming dormant.
Deciduous trees prepare themselves for dormancy during autumn as the day length steadily reduces and there is less and less light for photosynthesis. The reduction in light levels triggers trees to begin the process of shedding their leaves. Trees withdraw sugars from their leaves and store them within the tissues of branches, trunks and roots. As chlorophyll (the pigment that makes leaves green) is broken down, other pigments in the leaves become apparent and zing out in vibrant shades of yellow and red, before the leaves detach from the twigs and fall. Another advantage of losing leaves during winter is to reduce the effects of strong winds. Leaves can act like a sail, so having bare stems allows the wind to pass through the crown easily, which in turn reduces the pressures on roots anchoring trees in the ground. As average temperatures fall, cellular activity in the parts of the tree above ground grinds to a halt. Below ground, roots never become fully dormant; as long as the ground doesn't freeze, they continue to grow, albeit at a greatly reduced rate. If the ground does freeze, roots close to the surface cease to grow until the temperature rises and they become active again.
Most mature trees have a thick layer of tough bark, which provides a defence against pests and diseases and acts as an excellent insulating layer to protect the wood beneath. The increased sugar levels in the tissues of the wood also act as an anti-freeze to stop delicate cells being damaged by the cold. All of these winter survival strategies ensure that the trees around us live for centuries. Without dormancy, they would never be able to survive the harsh conditions that winter throws at them. So next time you stop to admire a deciduous tree this winter, spare a thought for the remarkable things it is doing in its struggle for survival." Ollie ~ Creative Landscapes


Nurarihyon – The Slippery Gourd
Nurarihyon Sawaki Sushi Hyakkai Zukan
Translated and Sourced from Koshiki Haidokubara, Gazu Hyakki Yagyo, Yokai Jiten, Ichiban Kuwashi Nihon Yōkai Zukan, Gegege no Kitaro, Japanese Wikipedia, and Other Soruces
For more adventures of Nurarihyon, check out the comic book Wayward
The Yōkai Sōdaishō, Supreme Commander of Yokai. The leader of the Hyakki Yagyō, the Night Parade of 100 Demons. The King of the Chiryomoji, the Spirits of Earth and Air. In modern Japan, Nurarihyon is a yokai of many grand titles. All of which obfuscate his origins and a humble sea monster, floating in the Seto Inland Sea.
What Does Nurarihyon Mean?
The confusion over Nurarihyon starts with his name. It is most often written in hiragana only, as ぬらりひょん, which gives no inherent meaning. There is kanji that can be used, 滑瓢, combining 滑 (namera; slippery) + 瓢 (hyo; gourd) giving you something meaning "slippery gourd," but it is thought that this kanji was added later to match the name. Old accounts of Nurarihyon only ever use the hiragana.
As to the meaning, there are two ideas. The "Nurari" part is almost universally accepted as meaning "slippery or evasive." "Hyon," can either mean "floating on the sea," as it does in Okayama prefecture, or "gourd" as a reference to Nurarihyon's oddly shaped head. And according to an Edo period Japanese-Portuguese dictionary, "hyon" simply means "mysterious."
There is a further confusion as to the correct name for this yōkai. Some accounts speak of a creature called Nurarin or Nurihyon instead of Nurarihyon. The best guess is that in the past these were separate yōkai, but merged over time due to the similarities of their names.
Nurarihyon the Sea Monster
The oldest accounts of Nurarihyon—and the ones that owe more to folklore than commerce—come from Okayama prefecture. Nurarihyon is described as a type of Umi Bozu, The "slippery floater" of these legends is described as a bulbous mass that floats on the Seto Inland Sea, eternally bobbing up and down between the surfaces of the water.
This Nurarihyon is thought to be a yōkai version of the jellyfish called the Portuguese Man-o-War. Some consider it to be a "baby umi bōzu" that eventually grows up into the full-sized monster.
Nurarihyon the Nopperabo
The ukiyoe-zoshi Koshiki Haidokubara (好色敗毒散) has a one-sentence mention of Nurarihon.
"Nurarihyon looks like a catfish, without eyes or a mouth. It is a spirit of deception."
There isn't much to go on, but this account places Nurarihyon in the realm of the faceless yōkai like nopperabō. The "catfish" portion shows that at this time Nurarihyon was still considered a sea creature.
Nurarihyon the Unwanted Houseguest
Sekien Nurarihyon
The most common version of Nurarihyon in the modern world is that of the unwanted houseguest. He is almost always described in this way:
"One hectic days when the household is running around with barely a second to think, Nurarihyon slips casually into the house and sits down to a cup of tea acting as if he were the Lord of the Manor. People who see him and the casual ease with which he takes authority assume that he must indeed be the Lord. They fall upon themselves serving him, and don't realize how they have been deceived until he is gone."
The evolution of this version of Nurarihyon is unknown. It is thought to rise from Toriyama Seiken, who drew Nurarihyon as an old man with an oversized head, draped in a fine kimono and stepping out of a fancy palanquin into a home for his Gazu Hyakki Yagyo (Illustrated Night Parade of 100 Demons). In Murakami Kenji's Yokai Dictionary, he says that the modern appearance of Nurarihyon is entirely and invention of Toriyama. In fact, Murakami notes that Toriyama didn't intend for this to be Nurarihyon at all, and titles the character "Nurihyon." Toriyama didn't include any story or explanation of his yōkai, just the word "Nurihyon" next to his illustration.
Nurarihyon Bakemono Zukushi B
As is common with yōkai, Toriyama's version of Nurarihyon became the standard image. All artists to follow copied his style. Nurarihyon appeared in a few yōkai collections, such as the different versions of the Bakemono Zukushi (化物づくし) and the Yōkai Zu-maki. These started out as direct copies of Toriyama's illustration, eventually moving on to heavily stylized images of an old man with a massive head wearing a fine kimono.
Toriyama's image of a wealthy yōkai showing up in his fancy palanquin, as well as descriptions of Nurarihyon as a spirit of deception, must have inspired writers to bring the two together into the role of the unwanted houseguest.
Nurarihyon the Supreme Commander of Yōkai?
Nurarihyon Bakemono Zukushi C
In addition to the description above of the unwanted houseguest, the 1970s yōkai encyclopedia Ichiban Kuwashi Nihon Yōkai Zukan (いちばんくわしい日本妖怪図鑑; Most Detailed Illustrated Encyclopedia of Japan's Yokai) includes this addition.
"Nurarihyon is the Yōkai Sōdaishō (総大将), the Supreme Commander of Yōkai."
The idea of Nurarihyon as a leader of yōkai is a modern one, coming from the manga era not the ukiyo-e era. During the Edo period, the Yōkai Sōdaishō was often considered to be the massive Mikoshi Nyudō. In some stories, Mikoshi Nyudō was married to the long-necked courtesan Rokurokubi, and their child was the Tofu Kozō. Nurarihyon was a relatively unimportant yōkai.
Nurarihyon Kitaro
The idea of Nurarihyon's elevated status comes from Mizuki Shigeru's seminal yōkai comic Gegege no Kitaro. When Nurarihyon and Kitaro first meet, Nurarihyon announces himself as the Yōkai Sōdaishō. Originally, it was meant to be an extension of the air of authority he exuded as an unwanted houseguest. Nurarihyon was the type of monster to make grand, unsupported claims about this own importance. However, as the comic continued the character changed into an actual yōkai leader. This was especially true of the animated series, where they required someone to be the "archvillain" for Kitaro and his friends to battle. Taking off from the comics, Nurarihyon was cast in the role. (In much the same way Bluto became the main antagonist for Popeye, a rivalry that did not exist in E.C. Segar's original comic strip.)
Gegege no Kitaro Nurarihyon
Mizuki Shigeru's influence on yōkai lore is no less than Toriyama's, and so Japan accepted Nurarihyon as the leader of all yōkai, a position he still occupies in the country today.
Nurarihyon the Leader of the Hyakki Yagyō?
Nurarihyon on Film
One of the most illogical titles given to Nurarihyon is that he is the "Leader of the Hyakki Yagyō." I say illogical, because all you have to do is look at the old Hyakki Yagyō picture scrolls to see that—not only is Nurarihyon not the leader of the night parade—he doesn't even appear.
As a concept, the Hyakki Yagyō (Night Parade of 100 Demons) comes from the Heian period (_PHONE_), with the illustrated scrolls that first gave yōkai their individual shapes and personalities appearing in the Muromachi period (_PHONE_). Toriyama Seiken's original illustration of Nurarihyon did not appear until 1776, centuries after the mania for Hyakki Yagyō picture scrolls had disappeared.
Even then, there is no leader of the Hyakki Yagyō. The twist ending of the night parade is that the end of the parade is almost always the rising sun. The yōkai flee backwards against the light of the sun, forming a


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Better Students Ask More Questions.
How many roots in equation sinx=sin2x in 0,2pie?
1 Answer | add yours
You need to solve the trigonometric equation sin x = sin 2x.
Notice that moving sin 2x to the left side yields a difference of two like functions, hence you may use transformation of like functions in products such that:
'sin x - sin 2x = 2 (cos (x+2x)/2)*(sin (x - 2x)/2)'
'sin x - sin 2x = 2 (cos (3x)/2)* (sin(-x)/2)'
Use the fact that sine function is odd such that:
'sin x - sin 2x = -2 (cos (3x)/2)* (sin(x)/2)'
If 'sin x - sin 2x = 0 =gt -2 (cos (3x)/2)* (sin(x)/2) = 0'
'cos (3x)/2 = 0 =gt (3x)/2 = cos^(-1) 0'
'' '3x/2 = pi/2 =gt x = pi/3'
You need to remember that values of cosine function are positive in the fourth quadrant, hence x = '2pi - pi/3' => x = '5pi/3'.
sin 'x/2' = 0 => 'x/2' = 0 => x = 0
The problem does no tell if the values 0 or 2pi are accepted, hence, considering these values accepted, the number of solutions to this equation is 3: 'x = 0, x = pi/3, x = 5pi/3'.
Posted by sciencesolve on January 11, 2012 at 10:00 PM (Answer #1)
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In the grip of a climate crisis, demand for video calls is soaring
Video conferencing at work are often cringeworthy recipe for disaster – but their popularity is soaring. What gives?
27 Jan 2020
Getty Images
Have video calls suddenly become cool? Walking around the average office used to reveal people tapping on keyboards and speaking into phones. Today, you're more likely to see colleagues talking to screens filled with smiling faces in rooms booked out specifically for a video call.
Even meeting invites have changed. Where there was once a list of telephone numbers for every imaginable country with a passcode to get in, there is now just a single button to press to join a video call.
For years, video conference systems have lurked in the background, largely ignored as a worse version of a conference call. But after years of being the target of frustration and Cisco has predicted that video traffic, fuelled by conferencing and streaming services, will grow ninefold between 2017 to 2022 to a point where it will account for four fifths of all internet traffic.
The demand for video calls is so high that one in every two companies are making around 2,000 video calls per month, according to data from Forrester.
So what is driving this massive increase in video calls? Perhaps it's because all human beings prefer to see people's faces when they conduct business with them if they can. But ask those observing the rise of faces on screens and it seems three major influencers are at play: people have become comfortable with using video calls socially, they want to show off to everyone that they're working hard, and perhaps most importantly, people want to cut down on their carbon footprint.
Fred Mazzella, founder of car-pooling service BlaBlaCar, is using video conferences to reduce his personal carbon footprint from something approaching 100 flights per year to up to five. Even any speaking engagements are now fulfilled through live streaming rather than flying to the destination.
He believes more company bosses want to take action on the environment, but also that nobody gets much out of flying around the world to see the inside of another office if they don't have to.
Younger workers who have grown up making video calls via social apps on their smartphones are the ones driving the change, Mazzella says.
"Nobody likes getting up at 4am to get to an airport to spend a couple of days in meetings without ever seeing a place. It's not travelling, it's just moving where you work," he explains. "It's good for the environment and everyone's work-life balance."
Not everyone has bought into the hype that the resurgence of video calls has created. Rob Campbell, strategy director at advertising agency R/GA, believes the environmentally friendly argument tells only half the story.
It hides what he calls a "dirty little secret". Executives seeing one another on the computer screen is an opportunity to show each other they care about the environment – even if they don't – and demonstrate how busy they really are.
"I think a lot of people will say they're cutting down on carbon footprint – and they probably are – but it's also down to people wanting to show people that they're in the office. They want to be seen to be busy," he says.
Whatever the reason, the rise of video calls is probably going to make our working lives easier – and more accountable. Unlike an informal face-to-face meeting, a video call can easily be recorded and used to mine minutes and meeting notes.
Chintan Patel, chief technologist at Cisco, claims this additional recording function will make video calls far more useful than a normal phone conversation or a traditional meeting.
"Videos are a record of what was agreed and can be shared with colleagues. But because they've been recorded, that means they can be transcribed and even translated," he says.
As companies obsess over productivity, video communication is only going to gain more traction. Expect to see more links to 'join' and far fewer safe-cracking pass codes and instructions on how to dial in from Uzbekistan.
More great stories from WIRED
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🚙 How Tesla became the world's most overvalued car company
📽 Marvel at the incredible real-life Iron Man
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text:
[erlang-questions] Newbie question about line endings
Thu Dec 22 14:30:59 CET 2011
On Wed, Dec 21, 2011 at 8:21 PM, August Schwartzwald <
> I started to learn Erlang about a month ago. I really like it and think
> that with some more practice it will become a both unique and powerful tool
> in my growing box of programming languages. However, there is one thing
> about it that I find extremely annoying: The line endings.
> I currently know 5 programing languages, they have either 0 (python) or 1
> way to end lines (usually the ';' character). Erlang totally stands out
> here and requires that lines are ended in one of 4 different ways.
> Did some googling without finding any good reason to why the language
> works in this way. Can anyone here explain this?
There is no such ting as a "Line" in Erlang. Everything is a "form" so
there are no
line ending only form endings. A form is ended by a top-level "dot
Dot is a period "." white space is a blank,tab,newline or comment.
Comments start with "%" and are terminated by a newline
Top level means dot-whitespace is not contained inside a string, a quoted
atom or a comment.
The dot-whitespace convention came from Prolog, this is because Erlang was
first implemented in Prolog.
I don't really know why this convention was adopted in Prolog - but it might
have been done to simplify error handling. If you get a parse error in a
the parser wants to recover in some way. In Erlang/Prolog the strategy for
error recovery is extremely simple, if you get a parse error in a form the
parser just reports the error and goes to the next form - what constitutes
a form can be seen easily by only
looking at the stream of tokens generated by the tokeniser. This make
from parse errors very simple.
Dot-whitespace can be viewed as a synchronizing token for the purposes of
recovery during parsing of incorrect forms.
The easiest was to think of a form, is that it's like a sentence in English.
In your mail which posed this question, you ended most sentences with
dot whitespace (the exception was? as a terminator), so Erlang forms are
like English sentences.
Just like in English semicolons are "long range" operators and separate
whereas commas separate short range constructs.
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Possible Duplicate:
A Transpose/Unzip Function in Python
I've used the zip() function from the numpy library to sort tuples and now I have a list containing all the tuples. I had since modified that list and now I would like to restore the tuples so I can use my data. How can I do this?
share|improve this question
marked as duplicate by Josh Lee, Benjamin Bannier, ecatmur, Blair, Jon Clements Nov 29 '12 at 22:07
1 Answer 1
up vote 59 down vote accepted
lst1, lst2 = zip(*zipped_list)
should give you the unzipped list.
*zipped_list unpacks the zipped_list object. it then passes all the tuples from the zipped_list object to zip, which just packs them back up as they were when you passed them in.
so if:
a = [1,2,3]
b = [4,5,6]
then zipped_list = zip(a,b) gives you:
and *zipped_list gives you back
(1,4), (2,5), (3,6)
zipping that gives you back the original two lists.
share|improve this answer


A Java StreamCorruptedException can be thrown while deserialising data. It essentially occurs in one of two main cases:
Essentially, what happens is that, somehow or other, the writing and the reading get "out of kilter". Here are a couple of ways it can happen:
Forgetting to close the ObjectOutputStream that wrote the data (or closing the wrong stream)
If I had a dollar for every time I'd seen this mistake, I'd be typing this article on a more expensive laptop. The mistake usually looks something like this:
OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(f);
BufferedOutputStream bout = new BufferedOutputStream(out);
ObjectOutputStream oout = new ObjectOutputStream(bout);
The problem here is that we've closed the wrong stream. In between the actual FileOutputStream and the object writing, there is a layer of buffering. Thus, when we close the underlying output stream, there is a risk that some of the data is still "stuck" in the buffer.
The solution is simple, and is how you should always handle closing streams: ALWAYS close the stream that was created last, in this case, the ObjectOutputStream. This way, each layer of streaming has a chance to pass any buffered data down to the stream below it (and by definition, the close() method must do so). Note that you don't need to close every stream— just the outer one.
Forgetting to check the return value of
This is also a mistake I've seen time and time again. It happens when you're manually chopping up an input stream into sections and then passing part of the stream to an ObjectInputStream. Each section might be preceded by a four-byte length marker, for example:
public Object readObject(InputStream in) throws IOException,... {
 int objDataLen = readInt(in);
 byte[] objData = new byte[objDataLen];;
 ObjectInputStream oin = new ObjectInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(objData));
 return oin.readObject();
Here, our capital sin is that we assume that the read() method will fill the array. It won't necessarily, and we end up with a partial object stream. The problem can be especially difficult to track down when the bytes are coming in over a network, because the problem will be intermittent and essentially random.
If this problem occurs at some point in the stream, then it will have a knock-on effect on later parts of the stream. The solution is to be careful to always check the return value of when reading into an array.


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There is greater recognition of the role that sound amplification plays in improving the hearing aid wearer's cognition and general well-being. Specific hearing aid features are also important in this process, as they can help improve the ease of understanding. In this seminar, Dr. Kuk will use a cognitive model to explain why processing delay in a hearing aid can affect the user's overall experience with amplification.
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text:
Tonight our presenters will talk about the cycle of extinction, host domination, and neolithic burial practices. Here's your sources for getting nerdier on death.
How to be a Great Host: Toxoplasma Gondii and You
For centuries, parasites have lived in nightmares, horror stories, and the darkest shadows of science. In Parasite Rex, Carl Zimmer takes readers on a fantastic voyage into the secret universe of these extraordinary life-forms-which are not only among the most highly evolved on Earth, but make up the majority of life's diversity. Traveling from the steamy jungles of Costa Rica to the parasite-riddled war zone of southern Sudan, Zimmer introduces an array of amazing creatures that invade their hosts, prey on them from within, and control their behavior. He also vividly describes parasites that can change DNA, rewire the brain, make men more distrustful and women more outgoing, and turn hosts into the living dead. This comprehensive, gracefully written book brings parasites out into the open and uncovers what they can teach us all about the most fundamental survival tactics in the universe-the laws of Parasite Rex.
Zombie Makers : True Stories of Nature's Undead
Are zombies real? Scientists know this for sure: dead people do not come back to life. But there are things that can take over the bodies and brains of innocent creatures, turning them into senseless slaves. Meet nature's zombie makers Nincluding a fly-enslaving fungus, a suicide worm, and a cockroach-taming waspNand their victims.
Parasites Radiolab (But there are a few factual errors)
Ed Yong's Ted Talk on how parasites take over the behavior of their hosts.
Bring Out Your Dead: the cozy relationship between living and dead in 7000 BCE Çatalhöyük
Catalhoyuk, in central Turkey, became internationally famous in the 1960s when an ancient town – one of the oldest in the world – was discovered together with wonderful wall-paintings and sculptures, many featuring images of leopards. The archaeological finds included female figurines that suggested the possible existence of a "Mother Goddess" cult." "Ian Hodder peels back the layers of history to reveal how people lived and died, how they engaged with one another and with the spirit world. Full of insights into past lives and momentous events, The Leopard's Tale is illustrated with images of the art, the artifacts, and the excavations at this world-famous site.
Veteran science writer Michael Balter skillfully weaves together many threads in this fascinating book about one of archaeology's most legendary sites— Çatalhöyük. First excavated forty years ago, the site is justly revered by prehistorians, art historians, and New Age goddess worshippers alike for its spectacular finds dating almost 10,000 years ago. Archaeological maverick Ian Hodder, leader of the recent re-excavation at this Turkish mound, designated Balter as the project's biographer. The result is a skillful telling of many stories about both past and present: of the inhabitants of Neolithic Çatalhöyük and the development of human creativity and ingenuity, as revealed in the recent excavation; of James Mellaart, the original excavator, whose troubles off the mound eventually overshadowed his incisive work at the site; of Hodder and his intense, brilliant crew who marveled and squabbled over the meaning of finds in dusty trenches while attempting to reintepret Mellaart's work; and of the recent history of the theory and methods of archaeology itself. Part story of the human past, part soap opera of modern scholarly life, part textbook on the practice of modern archaeology, this book should appeal to general readers and archaeological students alike.
This book presents an interdisciplinary study of the role of spirituality and religious ritual in the emergence of complex societies. Involving an eminent group of natural scientists, archaeologists, anthropologists, philosophers, and theologians, this volume examines Çatalhöyük as a case study. A nine-thousand-year old town in central Turkey, Çatalhöyük was first excavated in the 1960s and has since become integral to understanding the symbolic and ritual worlds of the early farmers and village-dwellers in the Middle East. It is thus an ideal location for exploring theories about the role of religion in early settled life. This book provides a unique overview of current debates concerning religion and its historical variations. Through exploration of themes including the integration of the spiritual and the material, the role of belief in religion, the cognitive bases for religion, and religion's social roles, this book situates the results from Çatalhöyük within a broader understanding of the Neolithic in the Middle East.–Provided by publisher


text:
Learn how to create a fun Easter Themed collage, we'll be creating Easter Eggs, a hatching Bird and a Bunny Face from scratch in Adobe Illustrator and arranging it into an Easter Egg shape. We'll also be adding some finishing touches in Adobe Photoshop.
1. Create a new document that's 600×600 pixels. Select the Ellipse Tool and draw a circle while holding down the Shift key (to keep the shape perfect), I'm using the colour #6ED5F9.
Select the circle with the Direct Selection Tool, and click on the Top Anchor Point, select the top anchor point again and drag up to create an egg shape.
2. Click on the egg, and drag away while holding down the Alt Key to duplicate. Do this 2 times.
Striped Easter Egg
3. Select 2 of the eggs with the Selection Tool and drag away. On remaining egg, select the Rectangle Tool and draw a thin black shape like below. Duplicate the shape and separate it like below. Select all the black shapes, the egg and click on the Minus Front Icon in Pathfinder.
4. Drag the 2nd easter egg back onto the canvas. Select the Pen Tool (Fill: none & Stroke: black 1px). Draw a zigzag across the egg like below. Select the egg and zigzag and click on the Divide icon in Pathfinder. With the shape still selected, go to Object > Ungroup or click Shift + CTRL + G to separate the shape into 2 parts.
Select the top part with the Selection Tool, drag away and rotate like below.
5. Duplicate the leftover egg shape and place it on the bottom part of the egg, right click > Arrange > Send to Back to place it behind. Make the colour _TAG_. Select the shape with the Selection Tool and drag the top down to make it smaller.
6. Using the Pen Tool, draw some hair on top of the bird. Next select the Ellipse Tool and draw some eyes using black or dark grey. Using the Pen Tool again finish the bird off with a beak.
7. Using the Ellipse Tool, draw 2 shapes like below. Select the 2 shapes and click on the Merge or Unite icon in Pathfinder.
8. Next draw a circle using the Ellipse Tool. Select the Direct Selection Tool and click on the circle. Click on the Top anchor point to select it, then again and drag it down to make a nose.
9. With the Ellipse Tool, draw the eyes, and with the Line Tool (Fill: None, Stroke: Black 2pt), hold down the Shift Key and draw the first mouth section.
10. Draw 2 shapes like below with the ellipse tool, select the 2 shapes and click on the Minus Front icon in Pathfinder to create a smiley mouth. Place the shape over the easter rabbit.
11. Next draw the rabbit ears with the Ellipse Tool. Rotate the shapes by clicking on the shapes with the Selection Tool and rotating.
12. Place the ear onto the bunny and duplicate the ear for the other other.
13. Now you should have all the Easter shapes ready.
Easter Egg Background Guide
14. Drag all the easter shapes off the canvas, duplicate the plain easter egg, drag it onto the canvas and enlarge. Right click the egg shape Arrange > Send to Back. On the layer window, click on the little arrow to bring up all of the layers. Scroll down to the large egg layer and lock the layer.
15. Drag back the Easter shapes to the canvas again, while holding down the Shift Key, click on all the blue shape, double click on the fill color and make it white.
16. Here comes the time consuming part. Drag the shapes off the canvas again (into the grey area so it's easy to see them). Select each shape and place it on the egg, duplicate the shape many times and experiment with the size and rotation. Do this for each Easter shape.
17. Click on the arrow to see all the layers again, scroll down to the Egg Background and remove the layer from view & save the document.
18. Create a new document that's 600×600 pixels with a white background. Double click on the background layer to unlock it, then again to go into Blending Options > Gradient Overlay and put in the following gradient:
19. Copy & Paste this Grunge Texture onto the canvas and set the Blending Mode to Soft Light.
20. Open up the Illustrator document and copy/paste it onto the canvas. To shrink it down, click CTRL+T and drag a corner down while holding down the Shift Key.


text:
Apr 11, 2012 / ENERGY GLOBE Award
Project presentation - "Solar houses for Siberia"
Low energy houses which do not require additional energy for heating are almost state of the art here in Austria. But how is the situation in the icy regions of the Russian Far East, like in Vadivostok, with records being minus 68 degrees, chilling winds and a soil that is always frozen?
People in Russia usually heat their homes with millions of tons of oil, gas, coal, and firewood, but still houses get no warmer than 14 degrees. On average, every Russian uses 50 % more energy than any citizen of the EU. Saving energy is an unknown concept.
An innovative architectural design developed by the Far Eastern Federal University of Vladivostok is tackling these challenges and brings a new quality of live into the living rooms of people: the "Eco House" for everyone has an overall heat insulation made of a special material not only for the roof and walls but also, and especially, for the foundations.
So the house stays warm even in the most icy winter, and no longer sinks into the ground, which normally happens when too much heat softens the permafrost soil. With its windbreak architectural form and thanks to solar collectors and heat storage systems now a comfortable 22 degrees can be reached and the house needs only very little energy from external sources even in very cold conditions.


text:
The NetarchiveSuite web pages are internationalized, that is they are ready to be translated into other languages. The default distribution contains a default (English) version and Danish, Italian, French and German versions, but adding a new language does not take any coding. All translatable strings are collected in four resource bundles. The default (English) files are
under the source root.
To translate to a new language, first copy each of these files to a file in the same directory, but with _XX after Translations, where XX is the Unicode language code for the language you're going to translate into, e.g. if you're translating into Limburgish, use 'Translations_li.properties'. If you're translating into a language that has different versions for different countries, you may need to use _XX_YY, where XX is the language code and YY is the ISO country code, e.g. 'Translations_fr_CA.properties' for Canadian French. Then edit each of the new files to have your translation instead of the English translation for each line. According to the Java documentation (specifically the Javadoc of the Properties class) resource bundles should use iso-8859-1 with escaped Unicode for all other characters. It is good practice to use escaped Unicode for all non-ASCII characters as this results in files which are more-easily shared between different text-editing environments.
The translation has not been done throughout the code, only in the web-related parts. Thus log messages, error messages and javadoc are in English and cannot be translated through the resource bundles.


text:
The ElecTest can be used to help select manufacturing or processing maintenance candidates who have knowledge in the following areas:
- Basic AC/DC theory, and electrical maintenance
- Schematics, print reading and control circuits
- Digital and analog electronics
- Power supplies
- Motors, regulators, electronic equipment and power distribution
- Power distribution, construction and installation
- Computers and PLC and test instruments
- Mechanical, hand and power tools
The knowledge areas measured by this test are presented in the manual. The test contains 60 items in a multiple-choice format. Electrical Maintenance applicant norms are provided.
© Owned and published by General Dynamics IT.


text:
TEKSnology Learning Platform
TEKSnology.com is a multimodal learning platform developed to address the Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS). The platform employs various research-based educational strategies to guide students through the learning process. A combination of videos, activities, and assessments using open-ended, multiple response, and multiple selection responses complete a learning cycle from introduction through engaging lessons, guided practice, guided independent practice and full independent practice.
These online lessons meet your needs in the classroom as well as online learning. The complete teaching cycle is incorporated into the lesson modules throughout the TEKSnology.com platform. The lessons in TEKSnology.com are based on the Step Up to the TEKS series of books and can be used as a stand-alone product or in conjunction with these books.
About Our Platform
Incorporates each element of the Learning Cycle.
Multi-modal experience including audio, video, guided learning, and assessment.
Developed exclusively for the TEKS.
Guided Practices directed by expert teachers.
Continuous reinforcement of concepts.
Formative Assessments featuring timely feedback.


text:
01 February 2005
Cars and robots are one
Develop motion control solutions over standard networks such as Ethernet
By Kendal Harris, Sivaram Balasubramanian, and Anatoly Moldovansky
Current distributed motion-control systems rely on proprietary implementations to time synchronize distributed motion components.
With the advent of the Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 1588, it is possible to develop motion control solutions over standard networks such as Ethernet using commercially available technology.
Here is the basic operation of 1588 and motion in a working prototype.
Off the shelf components
With the introduction of the IEEE standard 1588, it is now possible, using commercially available technology, to develop distributed motion control applications requiring tight synchronization between nodes in the system.
Typically, this requires the jitter between the clocks in the system to be a few microseconds. Higher performance applications are increasingly driving this requirement to the sub-microsecond range.
Current solutions achieve tight synchronization between the nodes in a distributed system using proprietary networks and interface components.
Custom application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) in the interface cards control the distribution and synchronization of clocks throughout the system as well as timely delivery of control data.
The IEEE 1588 Precision Time Protocol provides a standard mechanism to synchronize the clocks across a distributed network. By using the 1588 protocol over a standard network, a standard solution can replace a proprietary solution. Off-the-shelf components can then replace the custom network interface components.
The prototype motion system consists of three motion controllers. Each controller connects to one drive over a serial real-time communication system (SERCOS) through a SERCOS Adapter card. SERCOS is an industry standard for connecting digital drives. All the motion nodes connect via standard Ethernet through an Ethernet adapter card.
A "motion planner" in the controller manages the position information for each drive to control motion jogging, moving, and gearing operations. Each drive corresponds to one axis of motion. One drive is the master axis, and two of the drives are each slave axes. Each slave axis gears to the master axis in a one-to-one ratio. The controller connected to the master axis on a periodic basis sends position references to each of the controllers connected to the slave axes.
The clocks on all nodes in the system are in lock step. This clock synchronization over Ethernet uses the IEEE 1588 protocol. Clock synchronization over the backplane uses a proprietary protocol that was in place prior to 1588. For both the Ethernet subnet and the backplane, one node is the subnet time master, and all other nodes are time slaves.
System clock harmonization
Ethernet clock synchronization happens on the Ethernet adapter card. The card contains a field programmable gate-array (FPGA) hardware assist circuit to timestamp incoming and outgoing 1588 protocol messages. The FPGA contains a 64-bit, 25 nanosecond per tick, high resolution, tunable clock.
The 1588 protocol runs on a 50 MHz PowerPC CPU. The 1588 code interacts with the FPGA as specified by the 1588 protocol to synchronize a time slave clock to its associated master clock on the subnet. A tuning algorithm adjusts the frequency of the FPGA tunable clock once each 1588 sync update cycle.
The adapter also contains an interface chip to the backplane. The clock in the backplane chip synchronizes to the 1588 clock. On the adapter, the backplane interface serves as the master clock. All other clocks on the backplane synchronize to the master clock on the adapter. A simple algorithm synchronizes the backplane clock to the 1588 clock. The adapter represents a 1588 boundary clock node with the backplane clock classified as a foreign clock.
Position update cycle
The basic motion operation requires the motion tasks running in each node to synchronize to each other. Transactions between nodes platform on a synchronized periodic update cycle. This applies to both controller-to-drive transactions and controller-to-controller transactions.
For controller-to-drive transactions, at the beginning of the cycle, the controller sends interpolated position updates to each of the drives. The drives use the position updates to control the closed loop position and velocity of the motor. Each drive returns its actual position to the controller. The controller computes a new position and the cycle repeats. This constitutes a position update cycle.
For controller-to-controller transactions, at the beginning of the cycle, the controller of the master axis sends a position reference to each of the controllers of the slave axes. The controllers of each of the slave axes use this position reference to "plan" the motion for the slave axis.
To synchronize all motion in the system, the motion tasks and consequently the position update cycles synchronize with the 1588 clock. A small circuit in the FPGA provides a periodic interrupt to the CPU to trigger the position update cycle. The circuit compares a time, which has been loaded into a target register with the current 1588 clock time. When the current time matches the target time, an interrupt generates. In the interrupt-service routine, the CPU then loads a new target time equal to the current target time plus the cycle period and the process repeats. The phase and period of the cycle are setup during the node configuration process.
1588 monitors the integrity
The 1588 protocol is a C/C++ implementation running on the adapter. Most of the 1588 protocol includes Sync, Follow-up, Delay Request, Delay Response, and Management messages.
The time slaves use the 1588-burst protocol to speed clock synchronization during startup. The process involves a burst of eight Sync messages to realize implementation.
The best master algorithm does not go into service. Instead, the system uses the preferred master selection to determine the time master for the subnet. On startup, the slave clocks listen indefinitely for a master clock. The slaves never assume mastership. There is no provision for more than one preferred master.
There exists some support to monitor the integrity of the time master clock. If a slave clock detects the loss of a master clock, it stops its backplane clock. This causes the SERCOS adapter to shutdown the SERCOS ring and all motion stops.
In the prototype application, there is a need to precisely turn an output on and off based on the position of the master axis. This output triggers a strobe light to illuminate the phase position of all three axes. To achieve a precise output strobe, a special output module is used whose clock synchronizes to the rest of the clocks in the system. An output value transmits to the module by the motion planner in the controller with a timestamp indicating the time at which the output should assert or de-assert. The output module manages the output schedule using the task synchronizing circuit previously described to achieve precise output timing.
Global positioning as master
The motion system prototype startup time defaults to a Greenwich Mean Time (UTC) time of zero. Absolute time is not generally needed for motion control, but it can be useful for time stamping significant events such as fault conditions. A global positioning system (GPS) interface provided an accurate source for UTC time and to serve as the grand master clock for the rest of the system. This interface played on the Ethernet adapter module. An algorithm on the adapter receives pulse-per-second, and UTC updates from the GPS receiver and adjusts its local clock to maintain synchronization.
This prototype application of 1588 with distributed motion over Ethernet proved to be reliable and accurate. The hardware assist circuit provides jitter accuracy under 200 nanoseconds between the master and slave clocks. When using GPS as the master reference, an accumulated jitter of 500 nanoseconds at the slave clocks results. The additional jitter results from not having a clean edge on the pulse-per-second signal coming from the GPS receiver.
The prototype represents a relatively small system. Additional prototyping and testing are required with a more extended system under various load conditions. This work resulted in development of the CIP Sync concept.
Behind the byline
Kendal Harris, Sivaram Balasubramanian, and Anatoly Moldovansky are project engineers and work for Rockwell Automation. This article emanates from their paper presented in November 2004 at the ODVA CIP Networks Conference.
Automotive industry leans on robotics
Manufacturers are in pursuit of automation solutions that increase productivity through higher line speeds while maintaining the agility necessary to handle a wide range of products.
IEEE 1588 enables such performance by providing precise synchronization among modular machine sections while reducing life cycle cost.
The IEEE 1588 Standard for a Precision Clock Synchronization Protocol for Networked Measurement and Control Systems is a viable foundation for standardizing the way modular machinery connects.
Network services available with the IEEE 1588 standard will enable rapid integration of modular machinery that will operate in precise synchronization. Robotic production lines are excellent automation candidates for utilizing the capabilities of IEEE 1588 as they are widely used in continuous flow operations for discrete products and perform tasks while work in process are still in motion.
Many automated production and warehouse applications such as assembly, welding, printing, or material handling are traditionally implemented with centralized command and control centers, making them costly to integrate and difficult to support.
However, the market is shifting as end users are in pursuit of automation solutions that offer continuous flow operation for discrete products to increase productivity through higher line speeds, while maintaining the agility necessary to handle a wide range of products.
Machine builders are responding in parallel to these functional requirements with modular machine designs that allow end users to configure manufacturing systems based on functional subsystems.
Robots are excellent automation candidates when implementing continuous flow by performing a task while subassemblies or work in process are still in motion. By synchronizing the robotic motion with the conveyors within its operating zone, the overall productivity increases even more.
Algorithms to synchronize robotic operation in reference to a moving conveyor enable such operation, even if conveyor speed changes continuously. Eliminating start and stopping operation of conveyors increases the average


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Mouthfeel: How Texture Makes Taste
Why is chocolate melting on the tongue such a decadent sensation? Why do we love crunching on bacon? Why is fizz-less soda such a disappointment to drink, and why is flat beer so unappealing to the palate? Our sense of taste produces physical and emotional reactions that cannot be explained by chemical components alone. Eating triggers our imagination, draws on our powers of recall, and activates our critical judgment, creating a unique impression in our mouths and our minds. How exactly does this alchemy work, and what are the larger cultural and environmental implications?
Collaborating in the laboratory and the kitchen, Ole G. Mouritsen and Klavs Styrbæk investigate the multiple ways in which food texture influences taste. Combining scientific analysis with creative intuition and a sophisticated knowledge of food preparation, they write a one-of-a-kind book for food lovers and food science scholars. By mapping the mechanics of mouthfeel, Mouritsen and Styrbæk advance a greater awareness of its link to our culinary preferences. Gaining insight into the textural properties of raw vegetables, puffed rice, bouillon, or ice cream can help us make healthier and more sustainable food choices. Through mouthfeel, we can recreate the physical feelings of foods we love with other ingredients or learn to latch onto smarter food options. Mastering texture also leads to more adventurous gastronomic experiments in the kitchen, allowing us to reach even greater heights of taste sensation.
Personerne bag
Klavs Styrbæk er kok og har gennem mere end tyve år drevet Restaurant Kvægtorvet i Odense. Nu driver han STYRBÆKS sammen med sin hustru Pia Styrbæk.
Ole G. Mouritsen er dr. scient. og professor i gastrofysik og kulinarisk fødevareinnovation ved Københavns Universitet og interesseret i videnskaben bag madlavningen.
Jonas Drotner Mouritsen er designer og arbejder i sit firma Chromascope med grafisk design, animation og filmproduktion.
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text:
- Air inlet or exhaust system
- Engine speed/timing sensors
- Atmospheric pressure sensor
- "Turbocharger outlet (boost) pressure sensor"
- "Fuel Position" and/or "FRC Fuel Limit"
- Flash file
- Fuel quality
- Valve adjustment
- Check the air inlet system for restrictions and for leaks.
- Check for an air filter restriction.
- Perform a visual inspection of the air inlet piping for restrictions and for leaks.
- Ensure that the turbocharger is in good repair.
- Check the exhaust system for restrictions.
- Repair any leaks that were found. Remove any restrictions that were found. Replace any damaged components.
- Check the calibration of the engine speed/timing sensors. Refer to Troubleshooting, "Timing – Calibrate".
- Verify that the crankshaft and the camshaft drive gears are set with the proper orientation. Refer to the Disassembly and Assembly manual.
Check the atmospheric pressure sensor for dirt and/or for debris. Remove any dirt and/or debris that is present. The correct reading for the atmospheric pressure is between 50 kPa (7.25 psi) and 100 kPa (14.5 psi).
- Monitor the status of "Fuel Position" and "Rated Fuel Limit" while the engine is operating under full load. If "Fuel Position" equals "Rated Fuel Limit" and "Fuel Position" is less than "FRC Fuel Limit", the Electronic Control Module (ECM) is providing the correct control. Otherwise, proceed to the next Step.
- Verify that there are no active diagnostic codes for the intake manifold pressure sensor.
- Monitor the status of "Turbocharger Outlet (Boost) Pressure" and "Atmospheric Pressure" on Caterpillar Electronic Technician (ET). When the engine is not running, "Turbocharger Outlet (Boost) Pressure" should be 0 kPa (0 psi).Note: A problem with the "FRC Fuel Limit" will only cause black smoke during acceleration. A problem with the "FRC Fuel Limit" will not cause black smoke during steady state operation.
Verify that the correct flash file is installed in the ECM. Refer to Troubleshooting, "ECM Software – Install" for information.
Cold weather adversely affects the characteristics of the fuel. Refer to Operation and Maintenance Manual for information on improving the characteristics of the fuel during cold weather operation.
Check for the correct valve adjustment. Refer to Systems Operation/Testing and Adjusting for information on adjustment of the valves.


text:
The primary goal of
msprime is to efficiently and conveniently
generate coalescent trees for a sample under a range of evolutionary
scenarios. The library is a reimplementation of Hudson's seminal
ms program, and aims to eventually reproduce all its functionality.
msprime differs from
ms in some important ways:
msprimeis much more efficient than
ms, both in terms of memory usage and simulation time. In fact,
msprimeis also much more efficient than simulators based on approximations to the coalescent with recombination model, especially for simulations with very large sample sizes.
msprimecan easily simulate chromosome sized regions for hundreds of thousands of samples.
msprimeis primarily designed to be used through its Python API to simplify the workflow associated with running and analysing simulations. (However, we do provide an
mscompatible command line interface to plug in to existing workflows.) For many simulations we first write a script to generate the command line parameters we want to run, then fork shell processes to run the simulations, and then parse the results to obtain the genealogies in a form we can use. With
msprimeall of this can be done directly in Python, which is both simpler and far more efficient.
msprimedoes not use Newick trees for interchange as they are extremely inefficient in terms of the time required to generate and parse, as well as the space required to store them. Instead, we use a well_defined format using the powerful HDF5 standard. This format allows us to store genealogical data very concisely, particularly for large sample sizes.
msprime library has also evolved to support data
from external sources, and can work with data conforming to
the Tree sequence interchange definitions. In the near future, the
efficient algorithms and data structures used to process tree
sequence data will be moved into a new library, provisiononally
tskit. Once this transition is complete,
will depend on this library, and will become primarily concerned
with simulating backwards-in-time population processes.


资源 - 技术注释
Using Synergy HT Multi-Mode Microplate Reader to Measure Time-Resolved Fluorescent Compounds
Related Products: Synergy HTX
October 29, 2002
Time-resolved fluorescent reagents have been used in many biological systems as a means to reduce background fluorescence signal and increase the sensitivity of a variety of different assays. Here we describe the use of the Synergy HT* Multi-Detection Microplate Reader to measure time-resolved fluorescent compounds.
*Model SIAFRT with Time-Resolved Fluorescence.
Under many experimental conditions autofluorescence of the sample or the microplate can cause unwanted background fluorescence. High background results in variable inter and intra-experimental signals, as well as a decrease in sensitivity. While several options are available to reduce background fluorescence, including the use of low-background microplates and different excitation and emission wavelengths, these measures often fail to adequately reduce the background signal. Another approach to this problem is to use time-resolved fluorescent reagents.
Fluorescence Decay of Lanthanide Chelate.
Figure 1. Fluorescence Decay of Lanthanide Chelate. The fluorescence of lanthanide chelate lasts considerably longer than conventional fluorophors. This allows for measurements to begin after the cessation of interfering background fluorescence.
Lanthanide ions, particularly Europium (Eu), Samarium (Sm), Terbium (Tb), and Dysprosium (Dy), emit fluorescence of specific wavelength when bound to specific ligands. Compared with traditional fluorescence compounds, the lanthanide compounds have a much longer emission lifetime. These emission lifetimes are often measured in hundreds of microseconds whereas traditional organic reagents have lifetimes measured on the scale of several nanoseconds. However, these compounds in and of themselves absorb light very weakly and are usually not directly excited, but rather they are excited through chelated organic compounds, often referred to as "chelates" or "ligands". Hence the absorption spectrum of the complex generally reflects the absorption spectrum of the ligand rather than the lanthanide itself [1]. In addition, these compounds exhibit large Stokes shift, with excitation occurring by absorbance of UV light and emission wavelengths greater than 500 nm. The emission peaks of Eu, Sm, Tb, and Dy are 615 nm, 643 nm, 545 nm, and 574 nm respectively. The fluorescent emission peak profiles are also quite sharp, with half-widths being 10 nm to 20 nm (Figure 2).
 Excitation and Emission profile of Europium.
Figure 2. Excitation and Emission profile of Europium. Cartoon depicting the excitation and emission spectrums of Europium. Note the very narrow emission peak, as well as the large Stokes shift of the fluorophor.
The Synergy HT configured for time-resolved fluorescence is a multi-detection reader capable of measuring fluorescence in either the conventional mode, where the fluorescent emission is measured with the excitation source still present, or in time-resolved mode, where the fluorescence is measured at some point following the cessation of excitation. When the reader is in conventional fluorescence mode, it uses a tungsten-halogen lamp as a light source and band-pass filters in a filter wheel cartridge to provide wavelength specificity. When the reader is used in time-resolved mode it automatically switches to a xenon-flash lamp light source with a monochromator to select wavelength. The excitation filter cartridge is replaced with the TR-cassette that, in addition to directing the light from the different light source to the microplate, can also hold a single excitation filter if necessary. When in time-resolved mode, the user has the ability to control the time between the cessation of excitation and the initiation of fluorescence measurement (delay time), as well as the length of time the fluorescent signal is accumulated (collection time).
Materials and Methods
Europium chelate standard, 1 nmole/L (catalog number B119-100), Samarium chelate standard, 10 nmole/L (catalog number B115-100), and Chelate solution (catalog number 1244-105) were purchased from Perkin-Elmer Life Sciences (Boston, MA). Dilutions of the ready to use standards were made using chelate solution as the diluent. Time-resolved fluorescent measurements were made using a Synergy HT* multidetection reader manufactured by BioTek Instruments (Winooski, VT) configured for time-resolved fluorescence. Sodium Fluorescein was purchased from Molecular Probes (Eugene, OR). In all experiments, opaque white Corning-Costar (Cambridge, MA) microplates (catalog number 3912) were used.
 Excitation (nm)
 Emission (nm)
Fluorescence Lifetime (t) (µsec)
Suggested Emission Filter
Europium (Eu)
Samarium (Sm)
Terbium (Tb)
*(Dyprosium (Dy)
*Ruthenium (Ru)
* Not recommended for time-resolved measurements with the Synergy HT
Table 1. Comparison of fluorescent properties of several lanthanide chelates. Different lanthanide chelates exhibit different properties, including not only excitation and emission wavelengths, but also lifetime constants, which allows for multiplexing of different labels.
In order to carry out time-resolved measurements it is necessary to cease the excitation prior to the measurement of the fluorescent emission. The cessation of excitation can be accomplished either by shuttering a continuous light source or by using a light source that can be extinguished rapidly. The Synergy HT uses a xenon-flash lamp that has a flash-time of 2-5 µsec, after which any light emission very rapidly diminishes. This allows for time-resolved fluorescence measurements for compounds that have a fluorescence lifetime greater than 20 µsec. Traditional organic compounds, such as sodium fluorescein, will have decayed during the delay-time interval prior to the time-resolved fluorescence measurements. This is demonstrated in Figure 3, which depicts the fluorescence of sodium fluorescein with a delay of 0, 20, or 40 µsec between the cessation of excitation and measurement of fluorescence. A delay of 0 is equivalent to a standard fluorescence determination. Note that the sodium fluorescein dilutions provide a linear response when measured without a delay; however, with either a 20- or a 40-µsec delay there is virtually no fluorescent signal (Figure 3).
Fluorescence signal of sodium fluorescein with various delay times before fluorescent measurements.
Figure 3. Fluorescence signal of sodium fluorescein with various delay times before fluorescent measurements. A series of dilutions of sodium fluorescein were made with PBS as the diluent. Using a 485/20 filter in the TR-cassette and a 528/20 emission filter, the fluorescence was measured with a Synergy HT with a 20 µsec collection time, a sensitivity setting of 225, and a delay time of either 0, 20- or 40-µsec. The fluorescence was collected using KC4 to control the reader, exported to Microsoft® Excel and plotted.
Because the Synergy HT reader when used for time-resolved fluorescence utilizes optics that has a monochomator and the ability to use a filter to select excitation wavelength, the effect of wavelength specific filter on performance of the Synergy HT to make time-resolved fluorescent measurements on lanthanide chelate was examined. Using the same sensitivity setting and a common emission filter (620/40 nm) the fluorescence of a series of dilutions of Europium chelate was measured using either the monochromator alone set at 360 nm to select excitation wavelength or the monochromator set at 360 nm in conjunction with a 360/40 nm bandpass filter. As demonstrated in Figure 4, both methods provide linear signal through the concentration range (0-1000 fmoles/well) tested. Not surprisingly, the signal with the filter present was diminished relative to that where no filter was present, most likely due to incomplete transmittance of light by the filter. Because there was no loss of linearity without the filter, which implies that there is no overlap between the excitation light and the emission signal and a greater signal, subsequent experiments were performed without a bandpass filter being present.
Effect of the presence of a band pass filter for excitation wavelength specificity
Figure 4. Effect of the presence of a band pass filter for excitation wavelength specificity. A Synergy HT configured for time-resolved fluorescence was used either with or without a 360/40 bandpass excitation filter to measure a microplate containing a series of dilutions of europium chelate. For each determination, the sensitivity gain setting was set at 200, the monochromator excitation setting was 360 nm and a 620/40 emission-filter was used. Data was collected using KC4 data reduction software, exported to Microsoft Excel and the data plotted.
While the literature indicated that 360 nm was optimal in regards to an excitation wavelength, we wanted to make sure that the lack of a bandpass filter did not have any affect on the excitation maxima. Using an appropriate bandpass filter to select the emission wavelength (620/40 for Europium and 645/40 for Samarium) the fluorescent emission at several different excitation wavelengths was compared. As demonstrated in Figure 5, the returned fluorescent signal increases as the excitation wavelength approaches 360 nm, and then rapidly decreases with wavelengths above 360 nm. Note that there is virtually no fluorescence above background with an excitation


text:
GTOCP5 Control System
We have developed a new control system which combines the precision performance of Renishaw Absolute Encoders with the whisper-quiet motion of brushless micro-step servo motors to produce a very accurate observatory-grade mount that can also be set up in just a few minutes in the field. The mount can be operated manually via the clutches or electronically with the encoder loop providing the pointing and tracking functions.
- Use of Absolute Encoders means that the mount always knows where the axes are pointing and don't need to establish home on power-up.
- The mount can be operated manually via the clutches or in full GoTo mode via keypad or external software.
- Absolute Encoders are dead accurate in slewing, pointing, tracking, guiding. Periodic error and backlash, reversal delays in Dec are eliminated.
- Rapid feed-forward servo loop stiffens the axes against outside disturbances such as cable drag and wind loading.
- Both axes can be run at custom tracking rates from sub-arc second motions per hour to 1000x sidereal.
- The GTOCP5 brushless servo system can be run from 12 volts to 24 volts with max slewing from 1200X (5 deg/sec) to 1800X (7.5 deg/sec).
- The power to the motors is self-limiting and cannot cause any kind of damage to the windings or the electronics, even when in a stalled state.
GTO Keypad (optional purchase)
The Keypad is a self-contained computer that allows you to control all essential telescope functions and includes an extensive database of objects. Many people do not want to bother with a computer in the field and like the handiness of the Keypad and its ability to operate in very cold temperatures. The Keypad is an ideal choice for these users.
We have designed the interface and firmware to be as intuitive and easy to use as possible, while filling it with terrific features to make your observing session productive and pleasurable.
Optimized for Astronomy
Astro-Physics mounts and the Astro-Physics GTO Servo Control System are designed from the outset as tools for celestial observing and imaging. These mounts do not have any military or defense applications. Applications like missile, airplane, or very low earth orbit satellite tracking require faster tracking rates and more rapid changes to those tracking rates than our mounts allow. Note that the ISS is generally within the mount's tracking rate capabilities.
Mach2GTO and Renishaw Absolute Encoders
Mach2 Tracking Performance with Absolute Encoders - PE = 0.21 arc seconds
All of our 1100GTO and 1600GTO mounts with Absolute Encoders have always used the Renishaw Resolute Absolute Encoders for precise positioning and tracking. Now our newest mount, the Mach2 has Renishaw encoders built into every mount. What are the main differences between the Renishaw and other less expensive relative encoders?
Lab Certified Accuracy!
The Renishaw encoder accuracy is verified against a laboratory standard. Each ring comes certified with its own calibration measurement. The maximum guaranteed error on these rings translates to less than 1/2 arc second per hour tracking error.
Highest Resolution for Unparalleled Tracking Accuracy!
The Renishaw Resolute read-head interpolates a special barcode that is engraved on the matching stainless steel ring into 67 million individual addresses. Every address is unique and fully reproducible down to sub-arc second levels. This is not possible with any relative encoder system.
Ripple and Resonances – NOT with Astro-Physics!!
Relative encoders use a simple ring that has engraved marks with separations on the order of 60 to 100 arc seconds between ticks. In order to achieve sub-arc second resolution, the gaps between these marks are filled in electronically by a method known as interpolation. Even the best interpolation methods have errors on the order of 5% (3 to 5 arc seconds). When used in a telescope drive system these relative encoders introduce a fast moving ripple in the RA tracking rate of 3 to 5 arc seconds, although the average or RMS value of this error can be quite low.
These peak excursions cause stars to move slightly back and forth in the RA direction during sidereal tracking. This tracking ripple can remain hidden when imaging with short wide-field scopes, but will manifest itself when using long focus instruments for high resolution work. It is generally a fast moving error, so it cannot be guided out.
No Sub-divisional Error!
Because of the ever present interpolation error (SDE) with low cost relative encoders, we decided long ago that we would not use them. Renishaw absolute encoders use a different type of interpolation system that smooths out the SDE to a level that is not detectable. There is no mechanism for a relative encoder to remove the SDE.
Never Needs Homing. Simply Polar Align; Power Up; and GO!!
An absolute encoder never needs to be homed. It is always home the minute power is applied. It always knows where it is and transmits the exact shaft position to the control box at all times.
Dependability to Astro-Physics Standards!
We have used Renishaw encoders for many years on our larger mounts, both in portable setups and in observatory remote installations. They have been totally reliable. Renishaw encoders are also considered to be the gold standard in the machine tool and robotics industries where precision is required. Yes, they are much more expensive than a simple relative encoder, but for the type of accuracy required in a telescope mount, there is nothing out there that comes close. We know, we have been evaluating options for years.
Benefits of Absolute Encoders
The utility of absolute encoders varies from brand to brand. Some manufacturers make very limited use of encoders and use relative (not absolute) encoders to provide a potential benefit to tracking and nothing else. In regards to premium mounts, assuming dual on-axis absolute encoders, the benefits may be:
- The mount always knows where it is pointed regardless of power loss, movement of the axes when the power is off, bumping the mount or wind movement.
- Homing positions can be set to whatever orientation a user wants, without limitation.
- No rehoming is required for remote locations should there be a power loss.
- Periodic error is fully corrected. No need for occasional PE measurement curves.
- Zero backlash in both axes for precision guiding.
- Dual axis absolute encoders allow for variable tracking that automatically adjusts for refraction parameters.
- Very accurate pointing makes it easy to find very faint objects.
- Very precise tracking such that unguided imaging may be accomplished with an appropriate optical/imaging setup.
- Very precise guiding, if needed, with instant response in both axes. Guiding is only needed to correct for optical/imaging train issues, not mount issues.
- Corrects for polar misalignment and repeatable mechanical flexures.
- Very precise dual-axis tracking is very important for high precision tracking on objects like comets, asteroids, artificial satellites, where the mounts use a "self-guiding" function based on orbital elements.


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[Each month we feature a "creator" or one of the SHC's manuscript collections. In archival terms, a creator is defined as an individual, group, or organization that is responsible for a collection's production, accumulation, or formation.]
John Charles Campbell and Olive D. Campbell were missionary teachers in Appalachian Tennessee, Kentucky, Georgia, North Carolina, and Alabama at the turn of the 20th Century. John Campbell received a research grant from the Russell Sage Foundation to study the mountain regions of the South in 1909 and soon became an expert on the economic and social conditions of the Appalachians. He was secretary of Southern Highland Division of the Russell Sage Foundation in Asheville, N.C.; author of the Foundation's survey of conditions in the Southern Appalachians; and organizer of the Conference of Southern Mountain Workers.
His wife, Olive Dame Campbell (_PHONE_) traveled with her husband; founded and directed the John C. Campbell Folk School and related cooperatives at Brasstown, N.C.; and participated in the formation of the Southern Highland Craft Guild. While working with her husband, she collected mountain ballads and, after his death in 1919, prepared the report of his survey for publication.
Their collection gives a good look into life in Appalachia in the early 20th century. Of particular interest, at least to me, are the volumes and the photographs. Olive Campbell kept diaries of her trips to locations in Georgia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Kentucky. In these diaries, she describes things such as the kinds of food she ate, the houses she went into, and the people that she met.
The photographs are divided into two groups: loose photographs and photograph albums. The loose photographs are primarily images of John Campbell, Olive Campbell, and their families, as well as pictures of their students, their school, and trips that they took. The photograph albums have pictures of Appalachian mountain scenery, students at the Campbell's schools, and people both at work and at leisure. In PA-3800/8, there is a "Photo-essay on illicit distilling operations in Kentucky, North Carolina, and Tennessee."
The John Charles Campbell and Olive D. Campbell Papers are collection number 3800 in the Southern Historical Collection.


Amos 5: Seek the Lord and Live
Old Testament Seminary Student Study Guide, (2002), 184
Amos 5 tells how Israelites were again encouraged to seek the Lord and repent of their evil ways. In particular, the Lord condemned their greed and their idolatry. He said if they would "seek the Lord," they would "live" (see vv. 3–6, 14–15), but if they did not, they would be carried away into captivity.
Studying the Scriptures
Do activity A as you study Amos 5.
Activity A iconWhat Do You Think?
Read Amos 5:4–6, 14–15. Since we must all experience death sometime or in some way, explain the ways you think those who seek the Lord will "live."


text:
Grasping linear power supply's data sheet (Part 2)11 Jan 2013 | Robert Green
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Specs related to AC characteristics
Spurious AC components on the output of a DC supply are known as ripple and noise, or periodic and random deviation (PARD). These terms are often used interchangeably. The term ripple refers to periodic AC on the output. When viewed in the frequency domain, ripple shows up as spurious responses. Unlike ripple, which is periodic, noise is random. Noise covers a broad spectrum, and, when viewed in the frequency domain, it manifests itself as an increase in the baseline (figures 1 and 2). Given that ripple and noise are usually lumped together and cannot be easily separated, I'll refer to the combined effects as PARD from this point forward.
Figure 1: This simplified drawing shows the concepts of periodic (ripple) and random (noise) distortion.
Figure 2: This noise measurement was taken with a 1X probe and a bandwidth of approximately 7MHz while the power supply was delivering full rated current.
PARD specifications must be defined with a bandwidth and should be specified for both current and voltage. Current PARD is relevant when using a power supply in constant current (CC) mode, and it is often specified as an RMS value. Because the shape of PARD is indeterminate, voltage PARD is usually expressed both as a root mean square voltage, which can provide a sense of the noise power, and also as a peak-to-peak voltage, which may be relevant when driving high impedance loads.
Because of the bandwidth consideration, PARD specifications are heavily dependent upon the measurement technique used to test them. The manufacturer's performance verification procedures usually include the procedure for checking PARD. It is important to consider the whole signal path used to verify ripple and noise specifications. For example, using a high bandwidth oscilloscope with a low bandwidth probe can make a supply's specifications seem more impressive than they actually are.
Another set of AC characteristics describes how quickly a power supply can respond to changes. Transient response specifications indicate how quickly the output settles to a stable DC value after a change in load or settings. Most power supplies have a large capacitance in parallel with their outputs to help deliver clean, steady DC. When this capacitance is placed in parallel with the load resistance, a time constant results and the size of the time constant varies with the load impedance. Because of the heavy dependence on the resistance of the load, response to setting changes must be specified for a specific load. It is common to see specifications for open circuits, short circuits, or specific resistance values.
Transient response can be tested by applying significant step changes both to the load impedance and to power supply settings, then measuring the time required to settle to a final value. The voltage transient response for all Keithley Series 2200 power supplies, for instance, is specified for three conditions: increasing load, increasing setting, and decreasing setting.
Table: Voltage transient response specifications for a Keithley 2200-32-3 power supply.
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