text:
22 Oct How Language and Reasoning Affect Communication.
Being An Effective Responder Is Just As Important As Being An Effective Listener
By Lauren Paylor
Robin Sharma once said, "Words can inspire, and words can destroy. Choose yours well." It is a quote that I find myself referencing every single day. Being in a career where my job is to work with and for people, communication, and the words that I decide to utilize are of great importance.
When we think of health, we usually default to thinking about our physical health. However, there are several other aspects besides our physical wellness that play a part in our overall wellness.
Today, we will explore reasoning and language and how they impact the way that we think and the way that we communicate. Think about what part you play and how language and reasoning have affected your life and your decisions.
A fallacy is a way of reasoning that denotes an error in what you are saying. The ideas might be arranged correctly, but something you said is not exactly right. The content is wrong or unconventional. The importance of understanding fallacies regarding the language that we choose to use is that when we work in bars and restaurants, we want to be effective listeners and effective responders.
One type of fallacy is called a false dilemma. It describes a way of thinking that presents itself as black and white when, in fact, there are many shades of grey. We usually see this used in marketing, where they know that they are doing this, and politics, where they believe that there is only one answer. An example would be, "You can only like white wine or red wine. Those are the only two options." Obviously, we know that there are many more options and delicious ones at that. Being aware of our options empowers our ability to speak up and to make corrections. Understand the mechanism (the fallacy); don't get upset at the message.
Doublespeak is a language that deliberately obscures, disguises, distorts, or reverses words' meaning. Doublespeak may take the form of euphemisms, which is primarily meant to make the truth sound more palatable. Throughout history, we have seen the language utilized as a weapon. Imagine being a new restaurant that is getting ready to sign paperwork that validates your establishment. If a company writes a contract in such a way that you think that you understand what your obligations are, but in reality, don't, you may agree to something you don't understand and ultimately be unable to fulfill your obligation. This is problematic and happens all too often.
In Doublespeak by William Lutz, jargon is defined as the specialized language of a trade, profession, or similar groups. Within a group, it serves as a verbal shorthand that allows members to communicate clearly, efficiently, and quickly. It also serves as a mark of membership to be able to understand. Jargon as doublespeak often makes the simple appear complex, the ordinary profound, or the obvious insightful. Its main purpose is to confuse or to deflect. An example of jargon would be referring to smelling as Organoleptic Analysis or glass as Fused Silicate.
Jargon does not really relate to the food and beverage industry in regards to doublespeak. However, it does allow us to understand how jargon can be used in gobbledygook or bureaucratese in relation to the food and beverage industry. Doublespeak refers to gobbledygook or bureaucratese as a matter of overwhelming the audience with words; the bigger the word and the longer the sentences, the better. Sometimes gobbledygook sounds impressive when spoken, but it doesn't even make sense when analyzed in print. Jargon can be used in gobbledygook. Gobbledygook is so confusing it often sounds eloquent when in fact, it's just verbose and inaccurate. Let's look at an example of gobbledygook in the food and beverage setting.
Let's say that you just started working at a brand new Italian restaurant and are getting ready to serve your first table. Someone asks you a question about a Chianti on the menu. They want to know what it's like, where it comes from etc. You respond with the following statement: "This wine needs aeration, it is light on the palate, it is big and bold and very complex." This description didn't provide the guest with any information about the wine. We don't know their wine knowledge. While these words make sense and you or I may be able to decipher what is attempting to be said, placed together with no context or explanation, they are gobbledygook. We might consider saying the following instead: This Chianti does best when it has time to open up outside the bottle. It is layered with flavour and very complex. The full-bodied flavours come from the ripeness of the grape when fermented. Despite its boldness in character, it is very light in density on the palate. Understand the difference?
When communicating, be educated on the mechanism that influences the message and don't react to the message. You are in control of the language that you used. Your response is just as important as the statement and argument you are attempting to make. Having a good understanding of reasoning and language will set us up for success. It is an opportunity to educate others. Language and reasoning impact decisions that affect your overall wellness -physical, mental and financial. Taking the time to communicate properly and to listen well makes our decision to respond and to react to an easier one. We should all want to make well-informed decisions, and having the appropriate resources makes it easier to do so.
Resources That I Recommend:
Want to learn more?
Doublespeak by William Lutz Doublespeak
Where to start?
We Need To Talk by Celeste Headlee
Why should I care?
We Keep Us Safe by Zach Norris
1.5 oz Seedlip Grove
¾ oz Lemon Juice
¾ oz Spiced Hibiscus Ginger Tea Syrup
1 oz Aquafaba
2 dashes Bittered Sling Zingiber Crabapple Bitters
1 oz Club Soda
Spiced Hibiscus Ginger Tea Syrup
½ cup Ginger Tea
½ cup Hibiscus Tea
2 Star Anise
1 Cinnamon Stick
1 Cup Granulated Cane Sugar
Brew tea and add sugar. Stir until dissolved. Place spices into a container and leave in the container for 24 hours. Once cooled, place into the fridge in an airtight container.


The Siderophore Metabolome of Azotobacter vinelandii.
TitleThe Siderophore Metabolome of Azotobacter vinelandii.
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication2016
AuthorsBaars, O, Zhang, X, Morel, FMM, Seyedsayamdost, MR
JournalAppl Environ Microbiol
Date Published2016 01 01
KeywordsAzotobacter vinelandii, Bacterial Proteins, Biosynthetic Pathways, Chromatography, Liquid, Mass Spectrometry, Metabolome, Siderophores
In this study, we performed a detailed characterization of the siderophore metabolome, or "chelome," of the agriculturally important and widely studied model organism Azotobacter vinelandii. Using a new high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) approach, we found over 35 metal-binding secondary metabolites, indicative of a vast chelome in A. vinelandii. These include vibrioferrin, a siderophore previously observed only in marine bacteria. Quantitative analyses of siderophore production during diazotrophic growth with different sources and availabilities of Fe showed that, under all tested conditions, vibrioferrin was present at the highest concentration of all siderophores and suggested new roles for vibrioferrin in the soil environment. Bioinformatic searches confirmed the capacity for vibrioferrin production in Azotobacter spp. and other bacteria spanning multiple phyla, habitats, and lifestyles. Moreover, our studies revealed a large number of previously unreported derivatives of all known A. vinelandii siderophores and rationalized their origins based on genomic analyses, with implications for siderophore diversity and evolution. Together, these insights provide clues as to why A. vinelandii harbors multiple siderophore biosynthesis gene clusters. Coupled with the growing evidence for alternative functions of siderophores, the vast chelome in A. vinelandii may be explained by multiple, disparate evolutionary pressures that act on siderophore production.
Alternate JournalAppl Environ Microbiol
PubMed ID26452553
PubMed Central IDPMC4702634


text:
- Is GTG a start codon?
- What are the three start codons?
- What is usually the start codon?
- What happens if there is no start codon?
- Is TGA a stop codon?
- How many start codons are there?
- How many different codons are possible?
- Why are there 3 stop codons?
- Do you count start and stop codons?
- What happens if there are two start codons?
- Do you include the start codon?
- Is Aug always the start codon?
- How do you remember start and stop codons?
Is GTG a start codon?
In this bacterial organism, GTG is an alternative start codon.
It means that it can initiate translation via an initiator-tRNA that puts in the amino acid Methionine (M) into the protein.
However, if GTG occurs inside the sequence, it gets translated to valine (V) as usual..
What are the three start codons?
Each three-letter sequence of mRNA nucleotides corresponds to a specific amino acid, or to a stop codon. UGA, UAA, and UAG are stop codons. AUG is the codon for methionine, and is also the start codon.
What is usually the start codon?
START codons The codon AUG is called the START codon as it the first codon in the transcribed mRNA that undergoes translation. AUG is the most common START codon and it codes for the amino acid methionine (Met) in eukaryotes and formyl methionine (fMet) in prokaryotes.
What happens if there is no start codon?
Without a start codon, the process of translation would never begin. … Neither codons would result in a failure to complete translation altogether. In order for translation to occur properly, and for RNA to produce the proper proteins needed by the body, these codons are needed within the genetic code.
Is TGA a stop codon?
In the standard bacterial codon table, there are three stop codons, TAG, TGA, and TAA (UAG, UGA, and UAA on mRNA), which are recognized by two class I release factors, RF13 and RF2. … In the few coding sequences available at that time, TAA was observed to be the most abundant stop codon.
How many start codons are there?
The findings, to be published on February 21, 2017, in the journal Nucleic Acids Research by scientists in a research collaboration between NIST and Stanford University, demonstrate that there are at least 47 possible start codons, each of which can instruct a cell to begin protein synthesis.
How many different codons are possible?
64 differentThe three-letter nature of codons means that the four nucleotides found in mRNA — A, U, G, and C — can produce a total of 64 different combinations. Of these 64 codons, 61 represent amino acids, and the remaining three represent stop signals, which trigger the end of protein synthesis.
Why are there 3 stop codons?
Since codons are in no way separated, any synchronization shift during transcription or translation by ±n bases, where n is not divisible by three, produces a wrong sequence of triplets (see Fig. 1). Therefore, it seems very advantageous that nature invented three stop codons in the standard genetic code.
Do you count start and stop codons?
The genetic code is said to be degenerate because more than one three-base sequence in DNA can code for one amino acid. … When counting how many amino acids are being coded, you do NOT count the STOP codon. You DO count the START codon.
What happens if there are two start codons?
A start codon is translated to methionine. Two in a row would give an amino acid sequence of Met-Met. Another one down the line would still be translated to methionine, and there are most definitely non-N-terminal methionine residues in proteins. … Then they giddy-up, and keep going until a Stop codon is encountered.
Do you include the start codon?
Each three-letter sequence of mRNA nucleotides corresponds to a specific amino acid, or to a stop codon. UGA, UAA, and UAG are stop codons. AUG is the codon for methionine, and is also the start codon. … use the genetic code shown above for protein synthesis.
Is Aug always the start codon?
The start codon is the first codon of a messenger RNA (mRNA) transcript translated by a ribosome. The start codon always codes for methionine in eukaryotes and Archaea and a modified Met (fMet) in bacteria, mitochondria and plastids. The most common start codon is AUG (i.e., ATG in the corresponding DNA sequence).
How do you remember start and stop codons?
The mnemonic here is to think of an annoying person. When an annoying person comes up to you, you're gonna tell them: Stop, U Are Annoying, U Go Away, and U Are Gone. So that's the mnemonic for the three stop codons.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text: Every day is Earth Day for FoodCorps service members, but they take advantage of the holiday to engage kids and communities in an extra special way. Students at Neinas Dual Language Learning Academy in Detroit discovered the benefits of eating the rainbow last Friday, and putting what they learned into practice by making smoothies. In rural Iowa, students planted radishes with Regan O'Hanlon, and in Tupelo, Mississippi they made "seed bombs" with Tylar Setser. While kids in Ashland, Oregon were gobbling up lettuce wraps with Karen Tassinari, students all over Oakland, California got to taste the local fish tacos that Cassandra Spindler had been working to perfect for weeks. Now that's an Earth Day for heads, hands, and tummies to remember.


text:
Your Name and Title: Cameron Paterson (_USER_)
School, Library, or Organization Name: Shore School
Country from Which You Will Present: Sydney, Australia
Language in Which You Will Present: English
Target Audience: K-12 History teachers, educational leaders, students
Short Session Description: Global connections can help students move away from a predetermined notion of history and enable them to view history as a continuous process of interaction between the present and the past.
Full Session Description: History is a contested subject. It is often used to define and distort heritage and values at both a collective and an individual level. By helping students to connect globally and listen to each other we can enable them to see behind the veil. My key premise is that global connections can help students move away from a predetermined notion of history and enable them to view history as a continuous process of interaction between the present and the past. History is about identity and historical truth is interpretive. Global connections help students break out of the straitjacket of single identities by teaching them to listen across borders. This session describes my fledgling attempts to connect my Australian students with Turkish students in order to examine the World War One Gallipoli campaign. It shows how global connections can develop students' historical understanding.
Websites / URLs Associated with Your Session: _URL_
Hi Cameron, the title of your session is so appropriate. Great to see the Australian contingent getting involved with presentations for the GEC12.
Hi Anne, thanks for leaving a message. I'm looking forward to the conference.
I'll have to listen to this one afterwards, the time zone is not going to work, but sounds fascinating. Cheers! Kristina

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Why Smart Sprinklers Are Surprisingly Practical
Smart Sprinklers
What?! Smart sprinklers? Uhm, no thanks.
If you think you'd rather water your plant the old school way than waste money, bandwidth allocation, and time in setting one up, wait. Smart sprinklers can be totally convenient and heaven-sent for the right people. Here are the reasons why.
They're really good for the environment.
If you live in California or somewhere else where drought's a serious porblem, you may be very water-conscious. Having a smart sprinkler can help as they manage your water usage. They're usually connected to the Internet and they keep tabs on the weather. When it's going to rain, there's no sprinkling for that day. Most smart sprinklers claim that they can save up to 50% of outdoor water usage.
They can help plant-loving people who don't have the green thumb.
Oh, this is my tribe. I love plants, but sometimes they just die on me. With a smart sprinkler like Parrot Smart, I am certain I can be a good plant mom. Parrot Smart monitors the amount of sun your plant receives, the fertizlier in the soil, and even your plant's temperature. You can check the app for coaching and some tips. There are also simpler sensors like PlantLink which alerts you whenever your plant needs some watering.
They're really helpful, especially for travelers.
If you travel all the time and you always come home to a dying or dead plant, you can turn to GreenIQ's Irrigation Controller, Rachio, RainMachine or Blossom. These are some of the most complete smart sprinkler systems which can follow a watering schedule, rely on weather forecasts, and can be remotely monitored and adjusted through an app. Most of these sprinklers let you divide your yard into sections if you have various plants with different water requirements.
Smart sprinklers were not made just because. They actually do have a purpose. Yes, they are the "I never knew I need you until I met you" kind of tech.
[Check which smart sprinkler suits your needs]


Unordered map
Aaron Denney wnoise at
Fri Aug 1 07:13:34 EDT 2008
On 2008-08-01, Johannes Waldmann wrote:
> Aaron Denney wrote:
>> If you're going to make users write an
>> equality function, making them write an ordering adds little effort, and
>> a reasonable amount of gain. Usually.
> Then why is there a distinction between e.g.
You would have to ask the Java designers.
> The practical problem with Haskell's type class mechanism
> is that all instances (of Eq, Ord) are global,
This is a feature, not a bug. It helps ensure that manipulations
on maps will always use compatible functions. If, instead,
you constructed maps by passing in a comparison function, what
happens when you merge two maps? Which function gets used? Normally
you would be able to re-use the structure of each map in combining them.
But if the functions they used are different, than they have to be
resorted according to the kept function. Or, you have an obscure,
difficult to track down bug, rather than an error at compile time.
> so if one library (Data.Map) requires them,
> then you're stuck with these instances for all of your program.
> Of course the same thing holds for Java's "implements Comparable<>"
> but they have local types. Well, Haskell has newtype,
> but that's (module-)global.
They don't have local types. They have inner classes, and objects get
Newtypes do work. The newtype deriving extension works even better.
If something has multiple ways of comparing, then the context in which
they are used should be tagged differently. Haskell types are cheap,
both in the compiler, and when typing, because it's nowhere near as
verbose as Java.
Aaron Denney
More information about the Libraries mailing list


Diff of /ansi_streams.xml [e288c6].. [6a2b98] Maximize Restore
 Switch to side-by-side view
--- a/ansi_streams.xml
+++ b/ansi_streams.xml
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 ANSI Common Lisp also supports binary streams. Here input and output is performed in chunks of bits. Binary streams are created with the function open passing as argument a subtype of integer and the implementation is free to round up that integer type to the closest size it supports. In particular &ECL; rounds up the size to a multiple of a byte. For example, the form (open "foo.bin" :direction :output :element-type '(unsigned-byte 13)), will open the file foo.bin for writing, using 16-bit words as the element type.
-
+
 External formats
 An external format is an encoding for characters that maps character codes to a sequence of bytes, in a one-to-one or one-to-many fashion. External formats are also known as "character encodings" in the programming world and are an essential ingredient to be able to read and write text in different languages and alphabets.


In my answer to Should we require minimum reputation to continue asking questions? I came up with a possible solution.
The essential problem is that some people come to SO, ask lots of lame questions, and never give anything back. The proposals have included only allowing a certain fraction of one's rep to come from questions and only allowing users to ask questions if they have a certain amount of rep, but neither of those seemed particularly popular.
This suggestion is:
Require that unqualified users have their questions reviewed like edits before being posted.
What is the qualification? It could be rep that's a certain multiple of their questions (say 10 rep per question) or a certain ratio of questions to answers, or some other criteria. We could also allow a certain number of questions to not require review (say, 5-10) so that a user would have to lose their ability to ask unreviewed questions rather than have to earn it.
Who reviews these questions? It could be 5k, 10k, 20k users, or maybe anybody above 2k who also has the ability to post questions without review. It could even be people with sufficient points in the applicable tags.
How would this mitigate the flood of bad questions? First of all, users would be rate-limited by only being able to have a certain number (1?) of questions in review at once. If a user keeps getting their questions rejected, they could lose the ability to submit for a period of time ("We are no longer accepting questions from this IP"). When two reviewers reject a question, nobody else will ever see it (maybe not even as a deleted question). Of course, there would be an "Improve" button so that reviewers could fix minor problems before anybody else ever had to read the problematic post.
Furthermore, upon clicking the "Reject" button, there could be a dialog box with a list of checkboxes to select reasons for rejection ("Off topic", "Spammy links", "Lack of formatting", "Not a question", "Missing sample code", "Too much sample code", "Poor English", etc.) and maybe even a box for remarks. This would allow the person asking the question to see why their question was rejected, fix it and resubmit (if applicable). This should train users how to write acceptable questions. The review page could have the question's preview remarks and deltas from the last submission, a link to the user's most recent rejections, or something in between.
What are the downsides? Unfortunately, this would increase the burden on reviewers. Hopefully the "training" aspect should reduce the ongoing burden of any particular user and not having the bad questions posted in the first place should eliminate edit reviews (i.e. review the question before it's posted so you don't have to review several edits to the question after it's posted). In other words, this is like unit testing -- it seems like it would add too much of a burden initially, but it actually ends up saving time and helps deliver a higher-quality product in the end.
Some users could be insulted by having their question criticized. This should be minimized by having standard rejection reasons that aren't personal, while the remarks would hopefully be a polite nudge in the right direction (e.g. "Just specify the OS you're using"). Of course some users would go away entirely after being confronted by this, but it's not clear that those are users we want.
share|improve this question
I seriously doubt if the gains weight up to the burden of this formal approach. And with burden I refer to the downsides you mention yourself. – Rogier Apr 7 '11 at 19:37
_USER_ I don't see any other solution than investing even more personal effort to educate users. I don't know of any automated system that can teach someone how to behave or how to communicate. – Octavian Damiean Apr 7 '11 at 19:40
_USER_ Damiean I'm not saying that investing more personal effort is not a good idea per se. But does it have to be this formal? Furthermore, the fact that a rejection by (only) two reviewers could prevent a question from being visible at all feels a bit like 'government censorship'. – Rogier Apr 7 '11 at 19:58
_USER_ I agree that this idea could be refined a bit but it doesn't sound bad to me as a start. – Octavian Damiean Apr 7 '11 at 20:01
_USER_ Damiean All effort to increase SE/SO quality, like the above question, is to be respected. – Rogier Apr 7 '11 at 20:07
This is an awful, awful job. Wouldn't wish it on anybody. – Uphill Luge Apr 7 '11 at 20:28
_USER_: I agree. However, the downsides would be somewhat mitigated by the rule being that you can lose the ability to answer questions, rather than having to earn it. I can't see doing it any other way, in fact. As proposed, a user gets a number of questions "free" (though I'd say more like 25), and as long as those questions are mostly not closed and downvoted, and as long as the user has some modest rep gain, e never need be subject to the review process. The tricky bit, as always, is where to set the threshold. – Josh Caswell Apr 7 '11 at 20:50
_USER_: To me this seems a bit like unit testing. This proposal would stop bad questions before they can become a problem, which in theory should reduce the overall amount of work and end up with a better final product. – Gabe Apr 8 '11 at 21:05
Sounds like it just makes more work for the people who are already burdened with answering (or editing, or closing) these poor quality questions. Not sure who this is really helping... – Cody Gray Apr 14 '11 at 7:59
_USER_: Let's say somebody posts a question with unformatted code. The idea is that rather than having to spend time editing a post, I could just click "Reject" (or "Fix your formatting" and "Reject") and let the OP fix it themselves. The OP learns how to format code (or never posts again), relieving the burden of everybody having to fix their crap, and everybody reading the site isn't burdened with their illegible post. – Gabe Apr 14 '11 at 8:09
add comment
1 Answer
I don't really see the point of this.
Why not "review" questions as they are asked?
The existing flagging and downvoting mechanisms should suffice without adding Yet Another Queue of Work for more of our users to have to deal with and think about.
Also, questions which fail to get any significant activity are already auto-culled over time, and downvoted questions with no significant activity auto-culled even more aggressively still.
share|improve this answer
I can't tell if your "why not" question is rhetorical or if you're actually asking it. – Gabe Apr 14 '11 at 7:57
I would want to believe he is actually asking because the review section works. Maybe it is hard to see it on SO due to the sheer volume, but I am sure if you ask mods on the rest of SE network... it works. – phwd Apr 14 '11 at 8:16
_USER_: Ah, I see. After the link was added it makes sense. The difference is that the "review" page doesn't have a "reject" button, so the person posting the crappy question doesn't have any impetus to learn. – Gabe Apr 14 '11 at 8:43
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The first ancient theatre of Larissa
The first ancient theatre of Larissa
Seal of Larissa
Larissa is located in Greece
Country: Greece
Administrative region: Thessaly
Regional unit: Larissa
Districts: 4+1
Mayor: Konstantinos Tzanakoulis (ND)
(since: 1998)
Population statistics (as of 2011)[1]
 - Population: 162,591
 - Area: 335.1 km2 (129 sq mi)
 - Density: 485 /km2 (1,257 /sq mi)
Municipal unit
 - Population: 146,926
 - Area: 122.6 km2 (47 sq mi)
 - Density: 1,198 /km2 (3,104 /sq mi)
Elevation (center): 67 m (220 ft)
Postal code: 41x xx
Telephone: 241
Auto: ΡΙ,ΡΡ
Larissa (Greek: Λάρισα, [ˈlarisa]) is the capital and biggest city of the Thessaly region of Greece and capital of the Larissa regional unit. It is a principal agricultural centre and a national transportation hub, linked by road and rail with the port of Volos, the city of Thessaloniki and Athens. Larissa, within its municipality, has 162,591 inhabitants, while the regional unit of Larissa reached a population of 284,325 (in 2011).[1] The urban area of the city, although mostly contained within the Larissa municipality, also includes the communities of Giannouli, Platykampos, Nikaia, Terpsithea and several other suburban settlements, bringing the wider urban area population of the city to about 220,000 inhabitants. Today, Larissa is a major commercial and industrial centre in Greece. Legend has it that Achilles was born here, and that Hippocrates, the Father of Medicine, died here.
Mount Ossa viewed from Pineios river in Larissa.
The climate of Larissa is transitional. The winter is very cold and wet, and some snowstorms may occur. The summer is warm, and temperatures of 40 °C (104 °F) may occur. Thunderstorms or heavy rain may cause agricultural damage. Larissa receives 450 mm (18 in) of rain per year.
Climate data for Larisa
Record high °C (°F) 21.8
Average high °C (°F) 9.6
Daily mean °C (°F) 5.1
Average low °C (°F) 0.5
Record low °C (°F) −21.6
Precipitation mm (inches) 29.7
Avg. precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.0 5.3 3.5 2.0 1.7 2.8 5.5 6.5 6.9 56.6
 % humidity 79.5 75.9 74.1 68.7 61.7 49.9 46.4 50.0 58.6 69.9 78.9 82.5 66.3
Mean monthly sunshine hours 104.7 117.8 157.5 213.8 266.3 307.2 337.1 320.1 247.6 171.8 126.0 101.0 2,470.9
Source: NOAA[2]
According to Greek mythology it is said that the city was founded by Acrisius, who was killed accidentally by his grandson, Perseus.[3] There lived Peleus, the hero beloved by the gods, and his son Achilles.
In this paragraph, Homer shows that the Pelasgians, Trojan allies, used to live in the city of Larissa. It is contradictory because Larissa was also the birthplace of Achilles, the sworn enemy of Trojans.
Didrachme of Thessalie.
Traces of Paleolithic human settlement have been recovered from the area, but it was peripheral to areas of advanced culture.[6] The area around Larissa was extremely fruitful; it was agriculturally important and in antiquity was known for its horses.
The name Larissa (Λάρισα Lárīsa) is in origin a Pelasgian (pre-Greek) word for "fortress". There were many ancient Greek cities with this name.[7] The name of Thessalian Larissa is first recorded in connection with the aristocratic Aleuadai family.[8]
The first ancient theatre of the city.
Middle Ages and Ottoman period[edit]
Gravure of Larissa c.1820
Inside the medieval fortres.
A street inside the fortress
In the 8th century, the city became the metropolis of the theme of Hellas.[10] The city was captured in 986 by Tsar Samuel of Bulgaria, who carried off the relics of its patron saint, Saint Achilleios, to Prespa.[10] It was again unsuccessfully besieged by the Normans under Bohemond I in 1082/3.[10]
After the Fourth Crusade, the King of Thessalonica, Boniface of Montferrat, gave the city to Lombard barons, but they launched a rebellion in 1209 that had to be subdued by the Latin Emperor Henry of Flanders himself.[10] The city was recovered by Epirus soon after.[10]
It was conquered by the Ottoman Empire in 1386/87 and again in the 1390s, but only came under permanent Ottoman control in 1423, by Turahan Bey.[11] Under Ottoman rule, the city was known as Yeni-şehir i-Fenari, "new citadel". As the chief town and military base of Ottoman Thessaly, Larissa was a predominantly Muslim city.[11] The town was noted for its trade fair in the 17th and 18th centuries, while the seat of the pasha of Thessaly was also transferred there in 1770.[11] The city remained in Ottoman hands until Thessaly became part of the independent Greek kingdom in 1881, except for a period where Ottoman forces re-occupied it during the Greco-Turkish War of 1897.[11]
Modern Greek era[edit]
The Thessalian theatre.
Alcazar park.
Ecclesiastical history[edit]
Christianity penetrated early to Larissa, though its first bishop is recorded only in 325 at the Council of Nicaea. St. Achillius of the 4th century, is celebrated for his miracles. Lequien[12] cites twenty-nine bishops from the fourth to the 18th centuries; the most famous is Jeremias II, who occupied the see until 733, when the Emperor Leo III the Isaurian transferred it from the jurisdiction of the Pope of Rome to the Patriarchate of Constantinople. In the first years of the 10th century it had ten suffragan sees;[13] subsequently the number increased and about the year 1175 under the Emperor Manuel I Comnenus, it reached twenty-eight.[14] At the close of the 15th century, under the Turkish domination, there were only ten suffragan sees,[15] which gradually grew less and finally disappeared.
Larissa is an Orthodox Metropolis of the Church of Greece and remains a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church.
Pineios river with the church of St. Achillios, patron saint of the city, in the background.
Inside the Jewish synagogue of Larissa.
1st Mucicipal District (pop. 26,035)
 1. Papastàvrou
 2. Saint Athanàsios
 3. Alkazàr
 4. Hippocrates-Pèra
 5. Potamòpolis
 6. Philippòpolis
 7. Livadàki
 8. Saint Thomas
 9. Saint Paraskevi-Mezourlo
 10. Neàpolis
2nd Municipal District (pop. 41,816)
 1. Saint Achellios
 2. Saint Nikòlaos
 3. Ambelòkipoi
 4. Saints Sarànta
 5. Saint Konstantinos
 6. Stathmòs
3rd Municipal District (pop. 30,121)
 1. Lachanòkipoi
 2. Nèa Smyrne-Kamynia
 3. Kalyvia-Saint Marina
 4. Saint Geòrgios
 5. Anatoli
 6. Koulouri
 7. Amphithèa
4rh Municipal District (pop. 26,814)
 1. Charavgi-Toumba-OKE
 2. Pyrovolikà-Pharos
 3. Avèrof-Sèkfo
 4. Nèa Politia
 5. Epirò


Safe drinking Tap Water is my brand
Jenny Badger established Global Environmental Group in 2019, she bring group of humanity workers working together fight basic human rights for people around world, she realized drinking water quality is most essential for human health and live quality, to restore the ecological system needs a high quality water like safe drinking tap water, it is the highest standard of water quality of the World. it help people to receive the drinking water that could prevent diseases, keeps people stay healthy, lower healthcare cost burden, help agriculture grow and harvest healthy crop. it benefits to drinking water safety and food safety. she is a American Chinese. lived in different countries. speaks three language. She is a board member of Aqueous Solutions Global water treatment technology company, she bring the technology and humanity work together, Give full play to the role of all sectors of society.She called on the UN leadership to work together, do practical support and advancement for safe drinking tap water technology, technology is a weapon for leaders to make impact to climate change, without it any work for climate change just in vain.
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text:
Vol MMXIII, No 20
January 20, 1925
Ma Ferguson Sworn in as Governor of Texas
Born This Date
Anson Jones, future President of Texas born
NEW HAVEN CT
On this date in 1789, Future President of the Republic of Texas was born in Massachusetts. He would go on to serve as President of the Republic of Texas. In 1858, following a political defeat, Jones shot himself at the Rice Hotel in Houston.
Ma Ferguson Sworn In
On this date in 1925, Miriam A Ferguson (Ma Ferguson) was swown in as Texas first woman Governor.
Texas first Public Library opens in Galveston
On this date in 1871, the first public library in Texas was opened in Galveston.
George Bush inaugurated at 41st President
On this date in 1989, George W Bush was inaugurated as the 41st President of the United States.
During his term, the Gulf War was fought, the Soviet Union collapsed, the Americans with Disabilities Act went into law, and the technology which was the Internet was passed from government hands into the private sector, giving rise to the World Wide Web.


text:
03:00, Color, Stereo, Germany, 2012
A snail invents the wheel and goes through a cultural evolution to finally get back to its origin. The basic idea of the work is inspired by processes of exponential acceleration, which can be observed at different levels. The tools of human beings progress relatively little during the Stone Age until there comes a rapid cultural development during the Holocene. Nowadays, a similar acceleration process is generated by the exchange of information through the internet.


text:
Estrogen Turns Male Snakes into Same-Sex Charmers [LiveScience 2012-02-10]
[Photo] A male garter snake flicks its tongue on another snake in order to detect pheromones and determine whether or not it's a female. CREDIT: Oregon State University
Give a male garter snake a taste of estrogen and watch out, as the hormone turns these lads into the sexiest thing on the block, attracting dozens of other males eager to mate.
The finding, published in the Journal of Experimental Biology, has implications for understanding the environmental impact of compounds that mimic the effect of estrogen, found in some chemicals and pesticides.
Estrogen, the researchers found, is key to a female's release of pheromones and thus, reproduction.
Here's how it works: For the red-sided garter snake, picking up a mate takes but a second and a flick of the tongue. When a male detects a possible mate nearby, he licks the female with a quick flick of his tongue. The chemical cues, called pheromones, exuded by the females are so strong it takes but an instant, the researchers say, for the male to determine the other snake's species, sex, population, reproduction condition, size and age. In fact, the males are totally dependent on these pheromones for snake reproduction.
Every spring, tens of thousands of these garter snakes emerge from their limestone caves north of Manitoba, Canada, for mating. Intense competition ensues, as males swarm (and tongue) female snakes in an effort to be the first to mate with her. The frenzy appears as twisting balls of snakes called mating balls.
The males tend to choose the larger, more mature gals, because these females can produce more babies; they also have a slightly different chemical signature in their pheromones. While young, small females do get action, they aren't the preferred mates.
Once they mate, the females emit a different pheromone, confirming "no more sex," causing other males to lose interest and leave the area.
In the new study, the researchers implanted male garter snakes in their natural environment, each with a capsule that raised their estrogen levels to approximately match those of female snakes. After one year of these estrogen supplements, the male snakes started secreting a pheromone that seemed to cause other males to swarm to them, forming clumps of writhing snakes tangled together. Apparently, the estrogen caused the males to secrete "female" pheromones.
"We thought this might work, but we were surprised the results were so compelling," study researcher Robert Mason, a professor of zoology at Oregon State University, said in a statement. "The amount of estrogen the male snakes received was nothing unusual, just about what a normal female would produce."
The other males, in fact, preferred the male snakes with boosted estrogen levels to the small female snakes, the researchers found.
When the researchers stopped giving the males estrogen, they reverted back to their normal behaviors.
This work was supported by the National Science Foundation and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.


Video shows giant hailstones pelting Germany
You really wouldn't want to be outside in this. Image Credit: Twitter / _USER_
The Munich region of Germany was hammered by hailstones the size of tennis balls earlier this week.
The huge chunks of ice, which measured up to six centimeters in diameter, pelted homes and gardens while torrential downpours flooded the streets, causing widespread disruption.
Several people, including a 7-year-old boy, were reportedly injured by the falling ice.
The below video, which is one of several uploaded on to social media of the extreme weather, shows the sheer mayhem wrought by the gargantuan hailstones as they rained down on a residential garden.
The spectacle of the ice hitting the pond in the middle of the frame is particularly intense.
"I've never experienced anything like it before," said local man Roberto De Angelis.
Chicago Skyscrapers Hit by Lightning
The Windy City is mighty pretty: Dazzling lightning illuminates the Chicago skyline and strikes four skyscrapers
Mother nature's power and beauty were on full display in Chicago Monday night when lightning lit up the city's skyline.
The electric bursts reportedly struck four of the city's tallest buildings in a rare occurrence of what's called 'upward lightning,' according to the Washington Post.
The phenomenon usually involves tall man-made structure, like skyscrapers, and follows the more common cloud-to-ground lightning strikes.
Upward strikes typically occur after positive charges from a cloud to ground strike leave an imbalance of positive energy on a building or tower, which shoots a bolt into the sky to meet and balance out a mirroring negative charge.
All the buildings struck by lightning were reportedly taller than 1,000 feet
Extreme Cold Warning
That infamous Polar Vortex ia at it again. The weather phenomena is spewing super cold air down the spine of North America. And the central Canadian city of Winnipeg is dab smack in the middle of its path.
Steam rising from blaring furnaces and car exhausts everywhere.


text:
optoAlso opti-.
[Greek optos, seen.]
Optometry is the occupation of measuring eyesight, prescribing corrective lenses, and detecting eye disease. The form appears in a few terms relating to the use of light in electronics, especially optoelectronics (or optronics), the branch of technology concerned with the inter-conversion of electronics and light; and optocoupler, a device containing light-emitting and light-sensitive components, used to couple isolated circuits.
Words in opticome from Latin opticus or optica, which derive from the same Greek source. Examples are optic and optical, of or relating to the eye or vision; optics, the scientific study of sight and the behaviour of light; and optician, a person qualified to prescribe and dispense glasses and contact lenses, and to detect eye diseases.


One intern or team of interns will be selected in each of the following categories. Each intern/team may only apply to one category. :
Campus Sustainability Intern(s)
"Establish programs to produce expertise in environmental management, sustainable economic development, population, and related fields to ensure that all university graduates are environmentally literate and responsible citizens." Commitment #3 of the Talloires Declaration
The intern or team selected for the "Campus" Internship will create substantial changes in campus practices, broadly defined and will help UCSB to realize the Campus Sustainability Plan.
Community Sustainability Intern(s)
"Use every opportunity to raise public, government, industry, foundation, and university awareness by publicly addressing the urgent need to move toward an environmentally sustainable future." Commitment #1 of the Talloires Declaration
Students proposing projects in the "Community" category will identify an issue or opportunity within the region where they feel they can create substantial change. Successful projects will increase the level of community outreach and education and create solutions and resources that are valuable to the community.


text:
June 7, 2011 11 Comments
This library has been laying around in an unusable state on my harddrive for a long time, but now it is finally good enough to be used. In contrast to a lot of graphics libraries on Hackage it is not a binding. That means there were a lot of algorithms that had to be implemented. Although Haskell is often propagated as a language to write correct programs, algorithmic errors are as common as in other languages, because they cannot be catched by the type system. Debug.Trace, debugging with ghci is no alternative because they have no visual output and a list of hundred of floats is not helpful. In the future I plan to have a visual debugger for this.
But it works now. The interface should be easy to integrate into other libraries. Take a look at the following example:
main = do args <- getArgs let str = if null args then "Haskell" else head args resolution = (300, 300) -- mode: INSIDE_V1_V2: the string is inside v1 v2 boundaries (height/length-relation not kept) -- mode: INSIDE_V1: stay inside v1 boundary, size of v2 adjusted to height/length-relation -- mode: INSIDE_V2: stay inside v2 boundary, size of v1 adjusted to height/length-relation mode = INSIDE_V2 -- spacing: MONO: Use mono spacing between glyphs -- HADV: Every glyph has a unique constant horiz. advance -- KERN: Same as HADV but sometimes overridden by kerning: i.e. the horizontal advance -- in "VV" is bigger than in "VA" spacing = HADV gaw = makeOutlMap "../../../src/Test/GirlsareWeird.svg" resolution lin = makeOutlMap "../../../src/Test/LinLibertine.svg" resolution o = (0,0,1.1) -- origin v1 = (5,0,0) -- direction of char-advance v2 = (0,0,-1) -- height direction v3 = (0,0.2,0) -- extrusion f :: String -> [String] -- assigning a property to every character by a unique string f str = replicate (length str) "p" -- data CharProp = Prop (FontData, OutlineMap) String Textured prop :: Map.Map String CharProp prop = Map.fromList [("p", Prop lin "to3d" False)] -- transformation of a Geoemtry Node (i.e. triangulation) transf :: Map.Map String (Geometry -> Geometry) transf = Map.fromList [("to3d", to3d)] -- to3d: not the perfect solution since some points are generated twice to3d geom = ( ((extrude (0,0.1,0)).deleteHoles) geom ) 'atop' ( tri (translate (0,0.1,0) geom) ) tri = (triangulate ketTri).deleteHoles tex = makeTexMap resolution prop transf node = displayString str "node" resolution prop transf mode spacing o v1 v2 f tex genCollada (lightedScene node) emptyAnim putStrLn "Collada File generated"
Line 30 shows that a integration into a drawing combinator library seems to be reasonable. I am a little bit proud that this library is lot smaller than freetype2 (something around 100KB against 4000KB)
and the only things that it cannot do (yet!) is Rastered Images, Autohinting, Unicode, and the big amount of file formats supported by freetype2.
Another difference is that the library consists of several small parts that can be used in many other places while a lot of C-libraries tend to be monolithic (like freetype2).
I have to admit that parsing ttf and the other formats is maybe more work then the what has been done so far.
Thanks to the developers of Blender who fixed a bug I described it is possible to load this file into Blender to generate a raytraced picture:


text:
The answer isn't what you'd expect
Grab any given cookbook, and you'll find myriad mentions of eggs, sugar, and wine—all typical recipe fare. But wait. Didn't you just read last month that sugar is toxic to human cells, and that eggs might up your risk of prostate cancer? As for wine, it either cuts your odds of developing breast cancer, or increases them, but you can't remember which. Is your cookbook trying to kill you? Or—even worse—is everything we eat associated with this dreaded disease?
It's a valid question, and one that scientists from Harvard Medical School and Stanford's Prevention Research Center wanted to answer. So they performed a (much more scientific) cookbook test of their own, choosing 50 random ingredients from the Boston Cooking-School Cook Book.
The team then pored over journals and analyzed studies involving each ingredient and cancer risk. A whopping 80% of the ingredients were included in at least one study linking them to cancer, and half the ingredients were tied to cancer in more than 10 studies. Around 39% of these studies found an increased risk of cancer due to consumption of a given ingredient—including eggs, flour, sugar, wine, and mustard—while 33% noted a decreased risk.
More from Prevention: Everyday Ways To Prevent Cancer
But after analyzing all that data, researchers concluded that the vast majority of the study claims were backed by weak or insignificant statistical support. In other words, despite a ton of research into the connection between diet and cancer, most of those studies don't yield compelling recommendations about what we should (or shouldn't) eat for dinner.
Investigators blame "the pressure to publish" for the trend, along with a public appetite for conclusive advice: We want to know what cures or kills us, but nothing in between.
Of course, this isn't to say that food and cancer aren't related: A healthy diet is an important element of overall prevention. But, at least right now, there aren't many specific food items that investigators can point to, with certainty, where the disease is concerned. "I think the most consistent evidence, if anything, was for increased risks [with items like] bacon and salt," says study co-author John Ioannidis, MD, professor of medicine at Stanford's Prevention Research Center.
Questions? Comments? Contact Prevention's News Team!
Published January 2013, Prevention


text:
it is cleared.
After setting the action up, we are ready to test it out. Clicking on any row updates the set! Clicking on Central changes the set value to IN, with every other region having a value of OUT. Clicking on a region of South removes Central from the set and adds South. Clearing the selection, by clicking what is highlighted blue, adds every region to the set.
A few additional handy things to know when creating a set action:
Selecting Multiple Values
To select multiple values, such as to add Central and West to the set, hold down Command (⌘) on a Mac or Control (Cntrl) on a PC, and select the desired values.
Field In the View
For a set action to work, the dimension the set is created off of has to be on the worksheet. For example, the
Region Set we've been using is based off the region dimension. If we had a worksheet with only segment on rows, we would be unable to add a set action to update the region set. As seen below, a "missing fields" error appears.
However, as soon as we add region into the view (it can be on the rows shelf, columns shelf, or marks card), we no longer receive an error when setting up the set action.
The dimension the set is created off of (region) only has to be on the worksheet that is used to update the set action (the source sheets). The set can be used in other worksheets without the dimension the set is created off of present.
What makes set actions unique?
So, at this point, you may be thinking to yourself are set actions really any different than filter actions? Are there really that many things that can be done with a simple set? And the answer is YES!
Let's revisit the Sales by Region and Sales by State example to better understand what makes set actions unique.
The flow of an action filter is as follows:
- Click on the West region bar
- Add the value of West to the filter shelf of Sales by State worksheet
- Filter the Sales by State worksheet to only States in the West
If we were to use set actions on this dashboard instead of filter actions, the flow would like something like this:
- Click on the West region bar
- Add the value of West to the set
- Do anything
Now, saying do anything might be a reach, but what make set actions unique is that the value of west is now stored in a variable (like a parameter). We can do ANYTHING we desire with that value. Filter actions only allow us to place the selected value on the filters shelf, but set actions allow us control over what to do with the selected value. The selected value can be placed on the filter shelf, on the rows/columns shelf, on the marks card, or even used in calculations. Let's walk through some of the possibilities using the Sales by Region and Sales by State example. We can use the Region Set we created earlier.
Example 1: Filter the Sales by State worksheet by the selected region(s)
We can add the Region Set to the filter shelf, with a value of West in the set. This filters the map to only states in the West region.
We can then add a set action on the dashboard where every time we click on the region, it updates the set. This replicates a filter action.
Example 2: Change the color of the selected region(s)
On the Sales by Region worksheet, we can add the Region Set to the color mark. This will allow the regions in the set to be colored differently and serve as another way to show the user what is selected.
Example 3: Show the profit for the selected region(s)
On the Sales by Region worksheet, we can write a calculation so that when a region is selected, underneath the sales value is the profit value. This can be done by creating a new calculation:
IF [Region Set] THEN [Profit] END
As a reminder, the calculation is saying when a region is IN the set, show the profit value. The calculation can then be added to the labels mark and formatted appropriately:
Example 4: Show the % of total sales of the selected region(s)
We can create a new worksheet by adding sales (with a quick table calculation of percent of total) on the rows shelf and region set on the rows shelf/color mark. This allows for the ability to quickly see what percent of overall sales the selected regions make up.
We can then place this on the dashboard below Sales by Region.
The four examples above combined now produce the following dashboard:
The flow for our final dashboard using set actions is:
- Click on the West region bar
- Add the value of West to the set
- Filter Sales by State to only states in the West (placing the set on the filters shelf)
- Color the West region bar blue (placing the set on the marks card)
- Show the profit amount for the West region (using the set in a calculation)
- Calculate the percent of total sales (with the set on the rows shelf)
Set actions are a powerful new way to enhance the user experience and formatting of your dashboard. A created set can be used as a filter, on the marks card, as a row/column, or in a calculation. Set actions now allow for the ability to dynamically update what values are in the set, which leads to immense flexibility and control over creating an interactive experience. Set actions allow the user to stay within their flow when looking at data. No need to update a filter or parameter value, the user simply has to click on what they are already looking at. Implementing set actions into your dashboards will make them more accessible and intuitive to your audience.
Here are some additional ways set actions can be used (that could never be done with filter actions!):
Drill down into values in a visualization (such as a table) [how to]
Show the underlying data points of a distribution [how to]
Use icons to add and remove values from a set [how to]
Create custom buttons to switch metrics (or dimensions) [how to]


text:
ChristianAnswers.Net WebBible Encyclopedia
The name of a biblical king and a place…
Pul, an Assyrian king—It has been a question whether he was identical with Tiglath-pileser III. (q.v.), or was his predecessor. The weight of evidence is certainly in favor of their identity. Pul was the throne-name he bore in Babylonia as king of Babylon, and Tiglath-pileser the throne-name he bore as king of Assyria. He was the founder of what is called the second Assyrian empire. He consolidated and organized his conquests on a large scale. He subdued Northern Syria and Hamath, and the kings of Syria rendered him homage and paid him tribute. His ambition was to found in Western Asia a kingdom which should embrace the whole civilized world, having Nineveh as its center. Menahem, king of Israel, gave him the enormous tribute of a thousand talents of silver, "that his hand might be with him" (2 Kings 15:19; 1 Chr. 5:26). The fact that this tribute could be paid showed the wealthy condition of the little kingdom of Israel even in this age of disorder and misgovernment. Having reduced Syria, he turned his arms against Babylon, which he subdued. The Babylonian king was slain, and Babylon and other Chaldean cities were taken, and Pul assumed the title of "King of Sumer [i.e., Shinar] and Accad." He was succeeded by Shalmanezer IV.
Pul, a geographical name in Isa. 66:19—Probably = Phut (Gen. 10:6; Jer. 46:9, Revised Version "Put;" Ezek. 27:10).


text:
MONOGRAPH ABOUT ENVIRONMENT SITUATION IN THE AREAS OF OIL SHALE MINING
In August 1999, Estonian Academy Publishers published a next in turn publication of the
Institute of Ecology of Tallinn Pedagogical University under the general title "Impact of Oil
Shale Mining and Processing on the Environment in North-east Estonia" (Editors Valdo
Liblik and Jaan-Mati Punning. Institute of Ecology, Publication 6/1999, 224 p.). The
monograph is written in Estonian and has an extended summary in English.
Beside introduction a brief survey of the study area and the methods used,
and bibliography (169 references), the monograph consists of seven longer papers where the main
results of investigations carried out in northeast Estonia in _PHONE_ ascertain the impact of
different anthropogenic factors on the environment. The following papers are published:
Attention is focused on the problems of air pollution and air quality in residential areas and
natural systems. A novel system for estimating the quality of atmospheric air in the over ground
air layer considering the air pollution indices, and principles for zonation of large
territories on the basis of air pollution levels are described. Amounts and emission intensities
of oil shale fly ash and sulfur dioxide emitted into the atmosphere from power stations since
1960 until today are discussed, and air pollution maps characterising temporal changes in the
pollution level are given.
- Estimation of air quality by air pollution indices (authors: V. Liblik
and H. Kundel)
- Emission of pollutants and the dynamics of air quality in Ida-Viru County in _PHONE_
(V. Liblik, H. Kundel and K. Maalma)
- Temporal changes in oil shale fly ash and sulfur dioxide in atmospheric air
(V. Liblik, H. Kundel and A. Rätsep)
- Spread of pollutants in industrial accidents (A. Aunap)
- Assessment of the impact of underground mining on ground surface (A. Toomik)
- Problems of the water environment and water consumption (A. Rätsep)
- Dynamics of phytoplankton abundance of some rivers (E. Rull)
Also, changes in the air quality are analysed by towns (_PHONE_) and
regions (Kurtna Landscape Reserve) as well as by pollutants. Serious pollution incidents that
may result from probable specific accidents in oil shale processing and exploitation containers
of aromatic compounds, and other chemical enterprises are described.
Geotechnical factors inducing the ground surface movement, and consequences
of geotechnical processes in oil shale underground mining dependent on mining, and a roof
control methods are described. An assessment of the impact of underground mining on the ground
surface is presented, and methods are suggested for estimation of arable and forest lands with
the help of the deterioration factors.
The most acute problems of water extraction and consumption, various water
contamination situations, as well as the principal objectives of water management in Ida-Viru
County in the years _PHONE_ are discussed. The results of the investigation of seasonal
dynamics of some species in some more heavily polluted rivers are also presented.
Editor of the publication


text:
Major Section: PROGRAMMING
See binary-+ for addition and see unary-- for negation.
- represents subtraction as follows:
(- x y)represents the same term as
(+ x (- y))which is really
(binary-+ x (unary-- y)).Also note that
-represents arithmetic negation as follows:
(- x)expands to


You are here: » Payroll Administration
Payroll Administration
Payroll administration refers to the activities of payroll administrators to help employers better manage the payroll services for the company. The payroll administration process include keeping track and organizing company's employees payroll matters such as their total number of working hours, pay rates, bonuses or commissions that have been earned by employees. Payroll administrators often have to work with strict payment deadlines and comply with the Employment Act in Singapore. Following the salary and hour standards, the experienced administrators will need to ensure employees can get paid on time with right amount of money. Otherwise, the performance of the employees are likely to be affected that can result in low productivity for the business as inaccurate paychecks can cause them great inconvenience especially for foreign workers who need to provide for themselves financially in terms of the living expenses, rental fees and remittance of their wages to their families on a regular basis. Therefore, the roles of payroll administrators are very important as negligence due to carelessness or lack in knowledge not only can affect the productivity of employees but also implicate legal issues and disrupting business operations.
Payroll Administration Services Singapore - Time IS Money
Changes To Employment Act For Payroll matters
For instance, employers and payroll administrators need to understand and be mindful of any changes to Employment Act such as the new requirement from government to issue more detailed reports that includes itemised pay slips and key employment terms to their employees. This new directive which takes effect from 1 April 2016 is to let employees to have a better understanding of how their salary is calculated, their employment rights, terms and benefits. This can also help employers prevent and minimize any misunderstandings or disputes with their staff at the workplace.
Examples Of Itemised Items
1. Full name of employer
2. Full name of employee
3. Date of payment
4. Basic Salary (Rate of pay)
5. Start and end date of salary period
6. Allowances paid for salary period eg fixed allowances such as transport or ad-hoc allowances
7. Any other additional payment for each salary period eg Bonus, rest day pay, public, holiday pay
8. Deductions made for each salary period: All fixed deductions (employer's CPF contribution), all ad-hoc deductions (no-pay leave, absence from work)
9. Overtime hours worked
10. Overtime pay
11. Start and end date of overtime payment period
12. Net salary paid in total
Note: Please refer to Singapore Employment Act for detailed information. Failure to issue itemised pay slips, maintain detailed employment records or providing inaccurate information to the Commissioner for Labour can lead to serious civil breaches and administrative penalties.
Payroll Administrative Penalties Civil Breaches Singapore
Therefore, as payroll is an important and essential part of business operations, many businesses are recognizing the benefits and values of outsourcing payroll to an external payroll processing agency to avoid inaccuracies that can lead to serious consequences other than payroll errors. With access to effective payroll administration knowledge and advanced technology, payroll specialists from external payroll processing firms can help business owners save more money and better productivity by ensuring all tasks are completed on time with high accuracy.
Payroll Administrative Services For SME
It is understandable and common for new startups especially SME or small businesses, that the business owners would usually be the one handling all the payroll administrative work due to not having many employees initially. However, business owners will realise the importance of payroll administration when they start to hire more and more workers as the business grows. SME owners can wait until this blooming time to start having their human resource department look deeper into their payroll administration and management matters on setting up a proper payroll management system if cost is a concern initially. But having a outsourced payroll services will be more effective, efficient to business operation in the long run as besides the needs to maintain accuracy in pay and leave administration, other challenges include preparation of payroll taxes in facilitating Singapore employees report their personal income tax which can become overwhelming and lead to unforeseen miscalculation.
Payroll Administrator Roles & Responsibilities
In general, the roles and responsibilities of payroll administrators include the following activities:
 - verifying the total number of hours that employees have worked
 - verifying any additional allowances or bonus for current salary period such as overtime or pay increases
 - calculating and issuing salary according to company's practice which is usually by cheque, cash or electronic transfer
 - processing all fixed or ad-hoc deductions for each salary period such as no-pay leave, employee's cpf contribution
 - processing all holiday, sick and maternity claims and expenses
 - handling any queries regards to payslips
 - generating reports and tax submission
 - providing payroll support to new staff
 - processing necessary paperwork for leaving staff
 - other general administrative work
For more information regarding payroll services singapore, please contact our consultants with your requirements at the form below.
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text:
UV ink introduced
A, UV ink and traditional ink composition comparison
UV ink composition and traditional ink have similar place. The difference is UV ink film is chemical action, from monomer to gather cooperation, and traditional ink film is physical function, resin has been polymer, solvent will solid polymer melt into liquid polymer, to adapt to the printed coated in the printing on things, and then by the solvent evaporation and be absorbed, make the liquid polymer reply again into the original solid shape. Below are two kind of ink composition contrast:
UV ink traditional ink
Second, the basic concept and principle
UV curable ink (UV ink) is the use of UV (ultraviolet) light sensitive action to make the ink film and drying. UV ink dry and film forming mechanism, it is a kind of chemical change. Use different ultraviolet spectrum (ultraviolet
Spectrum), produce different energy and different prepolymer (oligomer) and different monomer (monomer) polymerization into polymer (polymer). So UV ink color film has good mechanical and chemical.
UV ink varieties are UV grinding, UV ice, UV foaming, UV wrinkle, UV convex word, UV refraction, UV gem, UV light solid color, UV glazing oil special packaging printing ink. In a metal mirror glossy printing surfaces, using screen printing process means will UV ink printed on it, and the UV drying equipment light after processing, produce a kind of unique visual effect, appear elegant, grave, showily, mainly used in high-grade, elegant chic cigarettes, liquor, cosmetics, health products, food, medicine, packaging and printing.
UV ink to UV light is selective absorption, its drying by UV light source radiation light total energy and different wavelength light energy distribution influence, in the UV light irradiation, the UV printing ink light polymerization initiator absorb certain wavelengths of photons, excitation to excitation state, forming a free radicals or ion. Then through the intermolecular energy transfer, make polymerized prepolymer and light-sensitive monomer and polymer become excited state, produce the charge transfer complex body. These complex body constantly crosslinking polymerization, curing film.
UV light source is UV curing
system of UV light emission of the device. Usually by light box, fluorescent tubes, mirror, power supply, controller and cooling device etc constitute. According to the tube filling material is different, can be divided into metal halide lamp, high pressure mercury lamp and odourless lamp and so on species. Its performance parameters mainly include: arc annual, characteristic spectrum, power, working voltage, current and average life expectancy, etc.
UV light source although launch major UV light, but it is not a single wavelength of light, but a band of light within. Different UV light source emission light band range, band inside spectrum energy distribution is also different. UV light source radiation is a band in the light, and each wavelength of light energy distribution is not the same. The wavelength for 300 ~ < / p > < p >
310 nm, 360 ~ 390 nm of light energy distribution is better. UV light wavelength range is very wide, wavelength in the UV - A region when about 360 nm best effect.


text:
A properly formed film plays a vital role in the quality of coatings. This book provides a comprehensive overview of all aspects of film formation, from application to coatings technology, including the underpinning scientific principles.
Mischke enables the reader to gain an understanding of all aspects of film formation: basic coating concepts, the scientific principles of film formation, and practical aspects of the application of coatings. This approach enables those without an advanced scientific background to fully understand the principles that underlie film formation. It also provides invaluable best-practice guidance in the formulation of perfect coatings that meet the highest standards of quality and durability.
Film Formation in Modern Paint Systems provides an essential guide for novices, students and professionals wanting to deepen their theoretical knowledge and practical understanding. It is also an invaluable reference for experts, providing troubleshooting and scientific information for a wide range of problems and challenges.
In addition to the fundamentals and techniques of film formation, this book covers the polymer and physico-chemical aspects of film formation in detail.
Mischke is one of Europe's most active coatings educators, and his approach to this subject matter enables readers who lack an academic background in chemistry to understand the more specialized content of the later chapters without a prior background in academic science. Peter Mischke also offers a wealth of practical insights, techniques and rules-of-thumb derived from his extensive professional and training experience.
- Holistic overview on film formation covering all aspects from theoretical background to application.
- Extremely efficient access to the process of film formation.
- Institutional Credibility: Author is one of Europe's most active coatings educators
Coatings professionals in a wide range of industry sectors: consumer goods, automotive, construction products, etc; students.
Introduction; Application; Wetting of substrates, flow; Physical principles of drying and curing; General basics of film formation: polymers and polymer types, definitions, solvents, diffusion, chemical kinetics, etc.; Physical drying; Oxidative drying; Curing of wet paints; Film formation of powder coatings; Polymersiation
- No. of pages:
- © Vincentz 2010
- 25th February 2010
- Hardcover ISBN:


- Mia Martin
Fractional Exec-Consultant-Freelance
The following as described by Wikipedia are the definitions of Fractional, Consultant and Freelance:
Fractional executives are professionals who have decided to offer their advice and skills to organizations on a for-hire basis. These executives have typically served a number of years in a business environment in roles such as chairman, owner, CxO, SVP, VP, or director. Their skills may be focused in one discipline or could be more broad-based, depending on the role(s) they have served.
 - Internal consultant: someone who operates within an organization but is available to be consulted on areas of their specialization by other departments or individuals (acting as clients) or
 - External consultant: someone who is employed externally to the client (either by a consulting firm or some other agency) whose expertise is provided on a temporary basis, usually for a fee. Consulting firms range in size from sole proprietorships consisting of a single consultant, small businesses consisting of a small number of consultants, to midto large consulting firms, which in some cases are multinational corporations. This type of consultant generally engages with multiple and changing clients, which are typically companies, non-profit organizations, or governments.
For those that have reached executive level during their careers, you will want to decide if you would prefer to take on projects where you act as an interim or temporary executive and or projects where you are being sourced as a consultant for your expertise. From a positioning perspective, positioning yourself as a consultant will not place you at a disadvantage if you brand yourself in a manner that clearly outlines your capabilities and credentials. Some have expressed that positioning themselves as consultants or fractional execs has impacted their ability to land future work and, as a result, have stayed away from taking on projects while in-between jobs. In this Gig economy, it's all about positioning. Therefore, do not miss the opportunity to land additional paid opportunities while anticipating your next semi-permanent or permanent role. Examples of fractional executive work could fall under functions such as:
Fractional CEO
Fractional CFO
Fractional CTO
Fractional COO
Fractional CMO
Fractional CxO
Fractional CIO
Fractional executives should be viewed as those that have risen to the top of their field and are offering their expertise on a retainer or project basis to solve a problem for the company. Positioning oneself as a Fractional executive could align with higher-paying opportunities should your credentials support your positioning.
Consultants have been brought in for multiple roles on a contract or project basis for years to help support isolated company needs. Conceptually, fractional exec work from problem-solving, but not always complexity runs parallel.
If you never reached the C-Suite during your career, positioning your capabilities as a consultant will still be vital in your ability to build a brand as a subject matter expert as well as position yourself as a problem solver in a specific area.
Five questions to ask yourself when developing your offering regardless of how you would like to classify yourself as Fractional, Consultant, or Freelance would be as follows:
 1. What problem do I want to solve?
 2. Who do I want to solve it for?
 3. What credentials do I have that support my ability to solve that problem?
 4. Who do I know in my network that can align me with my target audience?
 5. What business development tasks will I start with to build my business?
Three questions to ask yourself when taking on a new role are:
 1. What will the role include?
 2. What does success look like for this position?
 3. What is the time commitment?
In conclusion, having a clear understanding of your capabilities and researching who you will want to provide services to will help you formulate how you want to position your service offerings from a branding perspective. If you are a seasoned and multi-faceted executive, think about the benefits of positioning yourself as a fractional executive and or consultant.
-Mia D. Martin
Call: _PHONE_
©2019 Designed by: Modern Créatif
a Modern Créatif Brand
Mia D. Martin
Brand Strategist-Digital Marketer-Professional Speaker


Game Guides
7 crucial Ghost of Tsushima tips to help you get started
Shhh, don't tell the Shogun that you got so good.
Ghost of Tsushima's world can be intimidating when you first start out on a wartorn island in the midst of a Mongol invasion unless you're already a legendary samurai, but who's got that talent? Luckily, everyone can learn the code of the samurai in Ghost of Tsushima, but if you're in need of some direction on this epic adventure, then look no further.
Let these seven essential tips guide your journey.
After a failed attempt to halt the Mongol invasion of Tsushima, samurai Jin Sakai awakens days later, ready to liberate his island. As Jin, the Ghost of Tsushima, you'll explore an open world, defeating Mongol troops to gradually taking back Tsushima. He'll gain allies and hone his skills over time, but because the Mongols have occupied the island, the entire map is covered in fog at the start of the game. Where do you even start?
That fog will be lifted as you explore and defeat foes, gradually revealing new goals and activities. Here are some tips to help you liberate Tsushuma as efficiently as possible.
7. Do as many random encounters as you can
As you explore Ghost of Tsushima's world, you'll regularly run into small enemy groups on the road. Don't avoid them. These groups are often holding a local peasant hostage, who will provide valuable information to you upon being rescued. This can lead you to unexplored Mongol-occupied territory or to a side mission you may have already missed. Random encounters will also grant you a small sum of XP.
6. Liberating land is the most important side activity you can do
Sure, it's Jin Sakai's goal to liberate Tsushima, but it should be yours as well. When you liberate a chunk of land, the fog surrounding it on the map will clear up. If you can liberate the whole district, the map will be clear, allowing you to see every optional objective location at once.
Additionally, when you liberate an area, it requires you to fight a Mongolian General. Every Mongolian General you defeat will make headway in unlocking a new combat stance. Each stance allows for easier combat against a specific enemy type like brutes, spearmen, swordsmen, and shielders. In terms of advancing Jin's skills, there's no better priority to have in the game.
5. After that, Mythic Tales should be done ASAP
If you're in-between missions or just want to try something else, do a Mythic Tales. These are short side-missions based on real-world Japanese legends. Completing them will earn you either a legendary item or a technique, which are just a bit stronger than your standard fare of moves. You can find new Mythic Talrss by conversing with the musician Yamato, who can be found all over Tsushima. Peasants met in random encounters will often provide hints to his current whereabouts.
In Act 1, you should look out for the Mythic Tale called "The Heavenly Strike." If you can complete it, you'll learn the Heavenly Strike attack, which is a powerful unblockable attack that can slay most enemies in a single slice.
4. Purchase the Traveler's Attire
Once you can start buying goods around the various shops in Tsushima like the Golden Temple, make sure to purchase the Traveler's Attire. At a base level, it allows you to detect nearby artifacts and will aide in clearing the fog from the overall map more efficiently, making the first few tips mentioned far easier to achieve.
3. Focus on the Deflection skill tree first
No matter if you're employing stealthy or aggressive tactics, you're definitely going to fight somebody at some point. When the game starts, you can only parry swordsmen-type foes, making it rather difficult to fight some opponents. If you unlock every skill on the deflect tree, you can parry nearly every attack, which will be a huge boon to your combat prowess, so do that ASAP.
2. Upgrade your Stand-Off ability next
After you've upgraded your deflection skills, focus on the Stand-Off abilities. When you enter combat, you're given the chance to take down foes in a cinematic slash fest before the actual fight begins. Each upgrade lets you defeat an additional foe in the initial Stand-Off segment of battle. If you can max it out, you might just be able to defeat an entire battalion without entering real combat.
1. When in combat, focus on archers then everyone else
You'll be facing a lot of foes throughout the course of the game. All of them will be trying to kill you, but none are more bothersome than archers, who will continuously shoot at you from afar as you try to contend with any melee-based enemies. It's annoying.
If you're not careful, archers will kill you more often than anything else in Ghost of Tsushima. Make sure to defeat them first in any skirmish so you can then prioritize your close-ranged enemies afterward.
Ghost of Tsushima is now available on PS4.
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Turtles in super flat will wander around aimlessly, but will attempt to stay near water. They will hide inside their shell if any creature larger than them gets too close. When hiding in their shell, they are resistant to nearly any type of attack. You can flip a turtle onto its back by right-clicking it. The poor creatures are completely vulnerable while on their back, and will take a while to roll over again. right clicking a turtle with a pickaxe hides its name and health bar and a medallion will change its name.Turtles are unique in the fact that they drop man-made objects when they are killed.
They drop chests in Yogbox.
To tame a turtle, drop (Q by default) sugarcane or melon nearby. Once tamed, turtles can be named, will follow the player, and grow slowly over time. Right clicking a tame turtle with anything but a pickaxe or Medallion will put it on your head. If a turtle is injured and you have sugarcane, put it onto your head and right click it with sugarcane in your hands. It will eat the sugarcane and will regain its health. If you have a turtle on your head and you're on a horse, like bunnies, the horse will go a lot faster. If you have a turtle on your head and you go through an opening 2 bricks high, the turtle will die.
They are most likely to spawn in a swamp, or near sugarcane. You can increase their spawning numbers in the options.


Different 12A*7 Family Tubes in a Blues Junior
Everybody talks about how you can tailor the tone of an amp by swapping tubes in various gain stages or the phase inverter. But how many people have actually done it? And how many have actually documented what the swaps do?
Call me crazy, but I went out and bought $80 worth of tubes and ran them through one of my Blues Juniors, and took scope photos to document the actual effect on preamp distortion and power tube distortion.
The first thing you need to know is that the ubiquitous 12AX7 dual triode is just one member of a family of tubes that have different amounts of gain. The 12AX7 has the most, and is rated at 100. Here are the ratings of its siblings:
12AX7 12AT7 12AY7 12AV7 12AU7
100 60 45 41 20
So the 12AV7 has less than half the gain of a 12AX7, while a 12AU7 has only one-fifth the gain. The 5751 is also in the family, and is supposedly between a 12AX7 and a 12AT7. I tried several, and couldn't find any difference between them and a 12AX7 in this test. There's also a weird cousin, the 12DW7, which has non-identical triodes. One has the gain of a 12AX7, while the other has the gain of a 12AU7. The actual amount of gain in the circuit is determined by the voltages applied and the components selected by the circuit designer. That stuff is hard to change without a soldering iron--and some serious knowledge of what you're doing. But anybody can change tubes.
The second thing you need to know is what the three 12AX7s in a Blues Junior do. The first, V1, amplifies the incoming guitar signal and has the volume control between the first two stages. It also has the FAT switch on the second stage, which boosts the stage and deepens the frequency response. Although V2 has two triodes, like all 12AX7s, only one is used. Its purpose is to restore some of the volume lost in the tone stack, which sits between V1 and V2. The master volume control is situated between V2 and V3, the phase inverter. The phase inverter amplifies the signal some more, but its main job is to create two signals that are mirror images of one another to drive the output tubes. The phase inverter itself can go into distortion, and this distortion is made louder by the output tubes. Or the phase inverter can drive the output tubes into distortion. For the purposes of my test, I didn't differentiate--as far as I'm concerned, the phase inverter is an integral part of the output stage.
Since the Blues Junior is a master volume amp, you can isolate preamp distortion from output stage distortion. Setting the master volume low, below the point where you see or hear distortion, lets you focus solely on preamp distortion, which is controlled by the volume control. Conversely, if you keep the preamp below its distortion point and turn up the master volume until you see or hear distortion, you know it's output stage distortion.
My tests showed that it's pretty much pointless to change V2. Less gain is exactly the same as turning down the master volume. It has no effect on tone or preamp distortion.
So here's what you've been waiting for: the actual scope photos of distortion at different volume settings for each kind of tube.
The Preamp (V1)
12AX7 at 6.5: Asymmetric waveform shows preamp distortion beginning
12AX7 at 8: Distortion quite audible
12AX7 at 10: Strong distortion from here up to 12.
12AT7 at 8: Delayed onset of asymmetrical distortion
12AT7 at 10: Strong distortion
12AT7 at 12: More distortion.
12AY7 at 9: Onset of distortion.
12AY7 at 10
12AY7 at 12
12AV7 at 10
12AV7 at 12
12AU7 at 11
12AU7 at 12
Phase Inverter (V3)
12AX7 at 6.5 (master volume)
12AX7 at 9
12AT7 at 7
12AT7 at 10
12AY7 at 8
12AY7 at 12
12AV7 at 9
12AV7 at 12
12AU7 at 12
The preamp distorts differently than the power amp. It mostly makes the waveform asymmetrical, although it is possible to drive the preamp into clipping with more drive from the guitar. These 440Hz waveforms above were normalized to a guitar's volume at about 6 or 7. The volume knob makes large differences in the height of the waveform and the amp's output. I adjusted the scope gain and attenuation continually to keep the waveform on the screen. None of the tubes made a significant difference in the BJr's tone. At the end of the day, it still sounds like a Blues Junior--one tube might be a little richer or warmer, another cooler and crisper. A one-or-two notch adjustment of the tone controls more than makes up for any difference in brightness. The onset of distortion was the only thing that changed. Yes, every tube sounded a little different, but the differences are completely lost in a non-studio or non-practice situation. When you're playing out, no one will ever hear the difference between a new-old stock Telefunken and a new Sovtek.
Different tubes in the phase inverter do not significantly change the amount of volume available from the power tubes, with the exception of the 12AU7. The output section's characteristic distortion is clipping, and the only difference is the level on the master volume at which clipping begins. As with the preamp, different tubes (a mix of Electro Harmonix, NOS JAN Philips, NOS RCA, and Sovtek), made no real difference in tone.
12AT7s are almost indistinguishable from the stock 12AX7s. You can go a notch or so higher in clean volume, but they sound just like the 12AX7s in breakup. The 12AV7s and 12AY7s are much more noticeable in terms of availability of clean headroom, but the 12AY7 is the better choice because its higher internal impedance doesn't dull the tone as much as the 12AV7. All of the tones you get with the lower-gain tubes are available with the 12AX7s too, but over a much narrower range. Where the stock tubes will play clean when you play soft and go into touch-sensitive breakup when you play louder, the lower-gain tubes will stay clean through a much broader range of playing. The lower-gain tube will also give you more control, so you can stay at a fat, edge-of-breakup level more easily.
My favorite combination for clean playing was a 12AY7 in V1 and a 12AT7 in V3. This combo has an extended clean range, but also has some clipping available from the output stage should you need it. Both tubes have somewhat darker tone than the 12AX7s they replace, which gives a very nice jazz tone.
The 12AU7 is so quiet that it's not worth bothering with--unless you want a low-volume practice amp that only plays clean. A BJr with 12AU7s in V1 and V3 is quiet, but still manages a thick warmth when turned up.
<< Back to Blues Junior Modifications Main Page
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Change is something that excites people who love opportunities for growth, to see and learn about new things, or who like to shift the status quo. Some changes, however, are harder to adjust to and lead to expressions of resistance and anger. We can take concrete steps to make change more palatable by understanding people's hesitation, enlisting the help of others, setting up plans, and managing stressors. These steps can also ensure that desired changes are implemented successfully.
In this course, you will learn how to manage and cope with change and how to help those around you too.
WHAT STUDENTS LEARN
- Accept there are no normal or abnormal ways of reacting to change, but that we must start from where we are.
- See change not as something to be feared and resisted but as an essential element of the world to be accepted.
- Understand that adapting to change is not technical but attitudinal. Change is not an intellectual issue but one that strikes at who you are.
- Recognise that before we can embrace the way things will be, we may go through a process of grieving, and of letting go of the way things used to be.
- See change as an opportunity for self-motivation and innovation.
- Identify strategies for helping change be accepted and implemented in the workplace.
WHAT TOPICS ARE INCLUDE
- What is change?
- The change cycle
- The human reaction to change
- The pace of change
- The four room apartment
- Dealing with resistance
- Adapting to change
- Strategies for dealing with anger
- Managing stress
What is Change?
To begin the day, we will discuss some basics of change, including definitions and examples.
The Change Cycle
During this session, we will explore the three phases of William Bridges' change cycle: beginnings, endings, and transitions.
The Human Reaction to Change
This session will look at Daryl Conner's interpretation of the human response to change through lecture and small group work.
The Pace of Change
In this session, we will look at how different people react to change in different ways and at different times through a lecture and a case study.
A Four Room Apartment
This session will explore change using Claes Janssen's four room apartment model.
Dealing with Resistance
During this session, we will examine what resistance is and how we can overcome it to make change stick.
Adapting to Change
This session will discuss how to become resilient to change through a lecture, personal case studies, and group discussion.
Strategies for Dealing with Anger
Change often makes people feel angry. We will look at some ways of dealing with our own anger and the anger of others through lecture and small group work.
Change can also make people feel stressed. During this session, participants will learn some stress management and relaxation techniques.
Students will have an opportunity to ask questions and fill out an action plan.


a_1 | a_2 | \cdots | a_p$ (you can pretend at first that $\overline{A}$ is just $A$ - really, $\overline{A}$ agrees with $A$ in degrees two and greater, is 0 in degree zero, and in degree one we replace $A^1$ by $A^1/ im(d)$). The vertical differential is the standard one on $A^{\otimes p}$ (using the Leibniz rule to extend to the tensor product), and the horizontal differential is defined as a sum obtained by "removing bars and multiplying." Let ${\bf k}$ be $F_2$ if you don't want to worry about signs.
Exercise: Show this is a bicomplex. If you're brave, do so with signs.
Exercise: The spectral sequence for this bicomplex obtained by taking homology vertically first has $E^1$ given by $Bar(H_*(A))$, where the homology of $A$ is a differential graded algebra with zero differential. (This is an immediate application of one of the main theorems from a first algebraic topology course.)
Theorem (Eilenberg-Moore, after Adams-Hilton): If $X$ is simply connected and $A$ is (quasi-isomorphic to) the cochains of $X$, then the homology of $Bar(A)$ is isomorphic to the cohomology of the loopspace of $X$.
Exercises: first compute for $A$ with all products zero. Then compute when $A$ is a free associative algebra, and then free commutative algebra. Finally, try to make examples with higher differentials.
(I might elaborate more later... and we can talk at the Cascade seminar this week-end).
share|improve this answer
In Jim Stasheff's original papers on $A_\infty$-algebras he generalises the bar construction and its spectral sequence to $A_\infty$-algebras, and then he identifies all of the differentials explicitly in terms of things that look like (duals of) Massey products - he calls them Yessam products.
I realise that this isn't exactly an explicit compution, but it is at least a general explicit description of the higher differentials that is not formal, and to get it requires a bit of the guts of the spectral sequence.
share|improve this answer
is that in his H-spaces from a htopy point of view? – Sean Tilson Nov 7 '10 at 2:24
There's a paper of Fadell and Hurewicz (in the Annals, mid 1950's) identifying certain differentials with cap products. I can't recall the precise result.
share|improve this answer
You mean probably the paper jstor.org/stable/_PHONE_ It identifies the first non-trivial differential in the Serre spectral sequence if the base space is highly connected. For a specific computation of a differential in the Serre spectral sequence in a similar vein see also the following paper by McCleary: springerlink.com/content/443j202m17562714/fulltext.pdf – Lennart Meier Nov 6 '10 at 13:34
Verdier and Deligne introduced more terms in a spectral sequence of a filtered complex (indexed by 4+1 indices instead of 2+1), thus in particular factoring the differentials into epis and monos. This enables one to splice certain short exact sequences to obtain Massey triangles or to obtain H(E_r) = E_{r+1}. Not sure whether this helps for calculations, but it does help with understanding what's going on with differentials. Cf. Deligne, Décompositions dans la catégorie dérivée, appendix, MR1265526; cf. also Verdier, Des catégories dérivées des catégories abéliennes, MR1453167.
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text:
Maui Critical Habitat Proposed to Protect 135 Species
By Wendy Osher
The US Fish and Wildlife Service is proposing the designation of critical habitat to protect some 135 plant and animal species in Maui Nui.
The proposed designation of 271,062 acres on Maui, Moloka'i, Lāna'i, and Kaho'olawe, is projected to cost between $115,000 and $125,000, from 2013 to 2022.
In addition to proposing critical habitat for the first time for 50 species, the rule proposes to revise already designated critical habitat for 85 plant species that are listed as endangered or threatened.
More than half of the critical habitat is proposed on lands that are private (53%); with the remaining areas under state (36%), federal (10%), and county (1%) ownership.
Authorities say approximately 47% of the area being proposed as critical habitat is already designated as critical habitat for listed species.
An public informational meeting will be held from 3 to 5 p.m. that will include presentations about the proposed rule and the draft economic analysis followed by a question and answer period, and a 1 hour break. A public hearing will be held from 6 to 8 p.m., which will allow interested parties to provide "on the record" testimony.
Both will be held Feb. 21 at the Kealia Pond National Wildlife Refuge Visitor Center Multipurpose Room off of the Mokulele Highway in South Maui.
Critical habitat is a term in the Endangered Species Act that identifies geographic areas containing features essential for the conservation of a threatened or endangered species, and which may require special management considerations or protection.
Specifying the location of habitat essential for the conservation of the species helps federal agencies identify where to utilize their authorities to benefit the species as required by the act.
Designating critical habitat also helps focus the conservation efforts of other conservation partners, such as state and local governments, non-governmental organizations, and individuals.


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The previous two editions of the Security Sector Reform (SSR) Monitor: Timor-Leste have largely focused on policing issues and SSR policy respectively. The justice system should not be overlooked as a fundamental component of the security sector, however, in assessing SSR in Timor-Leste. In particular, the ongoing backlog of prosecution cases has an impact on policing authority on the ground and overall public trust in the rule of law system. With its focus on the justice system in Timor-Leste, this edition of the SSR Monitor will provide a brief background on the institutional development of the justice system to introduce the current context and discuss salient issues and future plans for the national justice system.
Timor-Leste's national justice system was effectively set up in 1999 and, understandably, remains in a developing state with immense obstacles to still be overcome. Improving access to the formal justice system, in particular, will be an important challenge, especially in remote communities that, due to the lack of police and judicial reach, often rely on various informal justice mechanisms.
Although many long-term challenges remain in establishing a credible, independent and effective justice system, signs of progress are recognizable. After several years of acute centralization and dysfunction, the recent approval of a comprehensive strategic planning framework for justice sector development represents a significant step forward for the justice sector. Indeed, a number of important issues are being addressed, with the potential to lead to positive changes for the long-term development of the justice sector.
Other positive signs include an increase in the number of national judicial actors conducting court proceedings, which should help address language issues, and efforts to improve the functioning of the district courts, which will provide better access to justice to those previously excluded from the formal justice system.


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Hungary: Lake Balaton
Orbit 34144 (ascending) Frame 2662, October 31, 2001 9:37 GMT
Image shows Lake Balaton and its surroundings. Located in the Transdanubia region,
Western Hungary, the Balaton is the largest freshwater lake in central Europe.
It stretches along the southern foothills of the
Bakony Mountains and represents an important
recreational and fishing
resource, although it is severely polluted.
On the lake's north shore, the conservation reserve
and national park of Tihanyl-felsziget.
Fine vineyards grow all along the other parts of the
lake shore and complete the landscape of the region,
characterised by rolling hills with highly fertile soil.
Click on the thumbnail image to see a higher resolution version of this image;
a very high resolution image, 983 x 1023 pixels, 430530 bytes, is also available.
Keywords: ESA European
Space Agency - Agence spatiale europeenne,
observation de la terre, earth observation,
satellite remote sensing,
teledetection, geophysique, altimetrie, radar,
chimique atmospherique, geophysics, altimetry, radar,