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REAL is a new Ethereum Smart-Contracts governed ecosystem that applies Blockchain technologies to the enormous Real Estate investment industry, giving access to global investment in Real Estate, lowering barriers to entry, and increasing market liquidity.
Mkt.Cap $ 0.00000000 Volume 24H 0.00000000 REAL
Market share 0% Total Supply 0.00000000 REAL
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Real dictionary definition
REAL description
By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. Early modern philosophers like Locke used the corresponding English terms "nominal essence" and "real essence". Terms with the same pronunciation and spelling but unrelated meanings are called homonyms, while terms with the same spelling and pronunciation and related meanings are called polysemes. Locke and Mill also argued that individuals cannot be defined.
REAL description
Simulated reality
Real-life situation
Many humans can point to the Rocky Mountains and say that this mountain range exists, and continues to exist even if no one is observing it or making statements about it. Many of the concepts of science and philosophy are often defined culturally and socially. This idea was elaborated by Thomas Kuhn in his book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962).
REAL description
In a passage from the Posterior Analytics,[13] he says that the meaning of a made-up name can be known (he gives the example "goat stag"), without knowing what he calls the "essential nature" of the thing that the name would denote (if there were such a thing). This led medieval logicians to distinguish between what they called the quid nominis or the "whatness of the name", and the underlying nature common to all the things it names, which they called the quid rei or "whatness of the thing".[14] The name "hobbit", for example, is perfectly meaningful.
The "Brain in a vat" hypothesis is cast in scientific terms. It supposes that one might be a disembodied brain kept alive in a vat, and fed false sensory signals, by a mad scientist. This is a premise of the film series, Matrix hypothesis.
The first time I heard someone say "I see myself as being a Genuine person", was a very successful woman I was working for. And damn it she actually was, so that sentence has always stuck to me like a rock. To the point that I've recently started an Etsy page for "Genuine Hustler". Naïve Realism in Contemporary Philosophy Archived at the Wayback Machine, The Function of Conscious Experience.
What is true reality?
True nature of reality is that everything is one and the same thing. Time and space projects one to appear as many, and back to one. Creating a circle.
REAL description
Role of the observer in quantum mechanics
REAL description
 - Genuine people truly care about others because they truly care about themselves.
 - He believed that it was not a question of physics, but one of philosophy.
 - This practice allows them to have a finely tuned understanding of what choices are good and not so good.
 - The plural form "people", is often used to refer to an entire nation or ethnic group (as in "a people").
REAL description
What defines a person?
Origin of reality
Is reality an adjective?
adjective. noting or pertaining to a TV program or film that portrays nonactors interacting or competing with each other in real but contrived situations, allegedly without a script: a popular reality show; reality TV.
REAL description
What is real life situation?
The real-life situation should be concrete and easily identifiable. It cannot be a broad topic (euthanasia, vegetarianism) but a specific event, experience or contemporary issue. They can be taken from your own experiences, interests or other subjects that you study.
The block universe theory, also known as Eternalism, holds that past, present and future are all real, but the passage of time is an illusion. It is often said to have a scientific basis in relativity. As well as differing about the reality of time as a whole, metaphysical theories of time can differ in their ascriptions of reality to the past, present and future separately. M. E. McTaggart in The Unreality of Time have argued that time is an illusion. Kant, in the Critique of Pure Reason, described time as an a priori notion that, together with other a priori notions such as space, allows us to comprehend sense experience.
They're all a function of how we perceive each other through our own subjective lenses. To figure out the true nature of reality, we are limited by the tools and apparatus available to us. This includes our sensory experience and our ability to reason or imagine.
REAL description
Enumerative definitions are only possible for finite sets (and in fact only practical for relatively small sets). Genuine people have as many bad days as their less-than-sincere brethren. Yet they also have a deep-seated happiness that comes from staying true to themselves. This happiness tends to escape from them in the form of yucking it up with friends, co-workers, and anybody else who wants to join in the joy.
REAL description
3 thoughts on "The Importance of Proper Definition"
The area between the two extremes, where both the real and the virtual are mixed, is the so-called Mixed reality. Second life and MMORPGs such as World of Warcraft are examples of artificial environments or virtual worlds (falling some way short of full virtual reality) in cyberspace. Local realism is a significant feature of classical mechanics, of general relativity, and of electrodynamics; but quantum mechanics has shown that quantum entanglement is possible. Different interpretations of quantum mechanics violate different parts of local realism and/or counterfactual definiteness. Scientific realism is, at the most general level, the view that the world described by science (perhaps ideal science) is the real world, as it is, independent of what we might take it to be.
Is reality a simulation?
REAL description
What is the importance of words?
In a sentence in one of our Guides, real world was being used as an adjective, in this case, "real-world experience." I removed the hyphen and space between real and world, making it one word.


text:
A Missal for Children
A Missal for Children will help children to better understand what the holy Mass is, and will guide them through the liturgy to meditate on the mystery of the Eucharist.
Each of the prayers of the Mass is numbered. The same number precedes the explanation of the prayer on the facing page. This way, children can read the text of the Mass on the right-hand page and find its explanation on the left.
All the lovely illustrations will help them to understand the actions of the priest and the deeper meaning of the Mass. Magnificat illustrations.
A Missal for Children is the perfect companion to help your children to participate in the prayers at Mass, prepare for receiving Communion, say a prayer of thanksgiving after Communion, pray every morning and evening on their own or as a family, and prepare themselves to confess their sins in the Sacrament of Reconciliation.
For ages 7 and up.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


=head1 NAME DBIx::Class::Manual::Reading - How to read and write DBIx::Class POD. =head1 DESCRIPTION This doc should help users to understand how the examples and documentation found in the L distribution can be interpreted. Writers of DBIx::Class POD should also check here to make sure their additions are consistent with the rest of the documentation. =head1 METHODS Methods should be documented in the files which also contain the code for the method, or that file should be hidden from PAUSE completely, in which case the methods are documented in the file which loads it. Methods may also be documented and referred to in files representing the major objects or components on which they can be called. For example, L documents the methods actually coded in the helper relationship classes like DBIx::Class::Relationship::BelongsTo. The BelongsTo file itself is hidden from PAUSE as it has no documentation. The accessors created by relationships should be mentioned in L, the major object that they will be called on. =head2 Method documentation =over =item * Each method starts with a "head2" statement of its name. Just the plain method name, not an example of how to call it, or a link. This is to ensure easy linking to method documentation from other POD. =item * The header is followed by a two-item list. This contains a description of the arguments the method is expected to take, and an indication of what the method returns. The first item provides a list of all possible values for the arguments of the method in order, separated by C<, >, preceded by the text "Arguments: " Example (for the belongs_to relationship): =item Arguments: $accessor_name, $related_class, $fk_column|\%cond|\_USER_?, \%attr? The following possible argument sigils can be shown: =over =item * $var - A scalar (string or numeric) variable. =item * \%var - A variable containing reference to a hash. =item * \_USER_ - A variable containing a reference to an array. =item * \$var - A variable containing a reference to a scalar variable. =item * %var - A hashref variable (list of key/value pairs) - rarely used in DBIx::Class. Reading an argument as a hash variable will consume all subsequent method arguments, use with caution. =item * _USER_ - An array variable (list of values). Reading an argument as a array variable will consume all subsequent method arguments, use with caution. =item * L<$obj|DBIx::Class> - Reference to the source class or object definition All arguments and return values should provide a link to the object's class documentation or definition, even if it's the same class as the current documentation. For example: ## Correct, if stated within DBIx::Class::ResultSet L<$resultset|/new> ## Correct, if stated outside DBIx::Class::ResultSet L<$resultset|DBIx::Class::ResultSet> =item *? - Optional, should be placed after the argument type and name. ## Correct \%myhashref|\_USER_? ## Wrong \%myhashref?|\_USER_ Applies to the entire argument. Optional arguments can be left out of method calls, unless the caller needs to pass in any of the following arguments. In which case the caller should pass C in place of the missing argument. =item * | - Alternate argument content types. At least one of these must be supplied unless the argument is also marked optional. =back The second item starts with the text "Return Value:". The remainder of the line is either the text "not defined" or a variable with a descriptive name. ## Good examples =item Return Value: not defined =item Return Value: L<$schema|DBIx::Class::Schema> =item Return Value: $classname ## Bad examples =item Return Value: The names "not defined" means the method does not deliberately return a value, and the caller should not use or rely on anything it does return. (Perl functions always return something, usually the result of the last code statement, if there is no explicit return statement.) This is different than specifying "undef", which means that it explicitly returns undef, though usually this is used an alternate return (like C<$obj | undef>). =item * The argument/return list is followed by a single paragraph describing what the method does. =item * The description paragraph is followed by another list. Each item in the list explains one of the possible argument/type combinations. This list may be omitted if the author feels that the variable names are self-explanatory enough to not require it. Use best judgement. =item * The argument/return list is followed by some examples of how to use the method, using its various types of arguments. The examples can also include ways to use the results if applicable. For instance, if the documentation is for a relationship type, the examples can include how to call the resulting relation accessor, how to use the relation name in a search and so on. If some of the examples assume default values, these should be shown with and without the actual arguments, with hints about the equivalent calls. The example should be followed by one or more paragraphs explaining what it does. Examples and explaining paragraphs can be repeated as necessary. =back =head1 AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS See L and L in DBIx::Class =head1 LICENSE You may distribute this code under the same terms as Perl itself. =cut


text:
ZPMOSAIC contains the value of
the zero point (magnitudes) applied to the
processed tiles in order to refer instrumental
magnitudes to the common photometric system of the
mosaic, MOSAICID. The value for ZPMOSAIC is
determined by a re-scaling process in which
individual reduced images are harmonized to become
tiles sharing a common zero point for the entire
- ZPMOSERR: FITS header keyword ZPMOSERR contains the value of
the uncertainty (magnitudes) associated with the
determination of ZPMOSAIC.
- ZPMOSSYS: FITS header keyword ZPMOSSYS contains the
photometric system in which ZPMOSAIC and
ZPMOSERR are expressed.
- MOSAICID: FITS header keyword MOSAICID contains the
the unique identity of the mosaic to
which an individual tile belongs to.
- MOSTILES: FITS header keyword MOSTILES contains the
total number of individual tiles contributing to
the larger mosaic, MOSAICID.
- TILEID : FITS header keyword TILEID contains the unique
identity of the individual tile
within the larger mosaic, MOSAICID. TILEID does not
necessarily map directly to any other FITS keyword
value (e.g. OBJECT).
This document was generated using the
LaTeX2HTML translator Version 2002 (1.62)
Copyright © 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996,
Computer Based Learning Unit, University of Leeds.
Copyright © 1997, 1998, 1999,
Mathematics Department, Macquarie University, Sydney.
The command line arguments were:
latex2html EIS2004-08-27T15:26:18527.tex -split 1 -no_navigation
The translation was initiated by eis data account on 2004-08-30
eis data account

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
UPDATED (see below).
Thank goodness we have mathematics to solve the world's most pressing dilemmas, such as "What's the speed of light?" and "How do I make the world's tastiest pancakes?" Dr. Ruth Fairclough, a mathematics professor at Wolverhampton University, set out to solve the latter problem, and has now unveiled her formula for the perfect pancake—coincidentally, just in time for International Pancake Day.
So what's the secret to the choicest possible breakfast? With L representing the number of lumps in the batter, C the consistency, T the temperature, and a host of other variables, she calculated that perfect pancakes need only follow this simple equation:
100 – [10L - 7F + C(k - C) + T(m - T)]/(S – E).
The closer to 100 the result is, the better the pancake. The temperature of the pan (m), the consistency (C), and how long the batter sits (S) before cooking—to allow for absorption of the milk by the flour—are among the most crucial factors in making successful pancakes. The size of the pan is also important—too big and the pancakes will be hard to flip, of course.


Why Health and Pharma Are Ready for E-Commerce
The old paradigm is quickly dying. For years, the drug and health care industries have struggled with problems of commoditization, i.e., the problem of distributing their products over the internet. Outsourcing their research and the ability to test medicines on animals came next. Now, they are delving into this messy new frontier called e-commerce.
Well, this is not exactly breaking news, but health and pharma seem to be ready for e-commerce. In the past couple of years, start-ups like SumoMe, a service that helps online marketers measure and analyzes their web traffic, have been earning large sums of money by taking on the likes of Pfizer and Johnson & Johnson. Why? Because the pharma industry is not only extremely slow to adopt digital technologies, but it is also a slow-moving target. Users are already used to shopping online, so why not get them to buy from you?
Health and wellness are fields that are just as much about the mind as they are about the body. For many, health and wellness is a means of fighting illness and disease by treating symptoms and preventing the onset of illness. While these are certainly important goals, the full potential of health and wellness is often overlooked. Consumers' approach to health and wellness consists of a series of fragmented, individualized, and reactive decisions. As a result, most people are left to deal with health and wellness on their own.
In the early days of the internet, health care and pharmaceutical companies could market their products as direct-to-consumer online services, but this was challenged by a lack of trust in companies that are often perceived as being concerned with selling products rather than health, public health, and safety. This resulted in creating websites that were specifically designed to provide information about a single product to educate consumers in a way that was not biased by the company they are purchasing from. This, in turn, led to the development of private, online forums that focus on health and safety issues.
With the explosion of e-commerce and online shopping, the battle for customer trust has become a key issue for the entire industry. However, there is little evidence to show that many companies understand the importance of transparency and trust in online transactions, especially in relation to the health and well-being industry.
There is a lot of talk in the health and pharmaceutical industries these days about the future of patient e-commerce. On the one hand, some in the field see a future where patients move to centralized online platforms that allow them to buy and reorder prescriptions and medicines. On the other hand, others in the field worry that the resulting consolidation may stifle innovation and drive down prices.
Health and pharmaceuticals are quickly transitioning from traditional methods of distribution to online shopping. There are several reasons for this, but there is one that stands out: the new eCommerce platforms offer a way to prompt people to buy drugs. While there is no way of knowing for sure whether this will be a success, it is a topic worth exploring.
We're currently living in a world where the health and dietary supplements industry is valued in the U.S. at $63 billion. This industry is thriving because consumers are looking for new ways to improve their health. This is why, instead of sticking with the old methods of going to the store to buy a book, or checking with your doctor, or relying on the advice of the latest nutritionist, people are using the internet to find information and advice in ways which are less time-consuming and expensive.
Health and pharma are currently yet to be prepared for e-commerce. In fact, they have not been ready since the internet began. It's a market worth over $5 trillion globally, and with the rise of internet shopping, it is expected that it will be up to £1 trillion in the near future. The issue was highlighted by the UK's Independent Retailers Association, which believes that there is a need for a new level of regulation. The government is expected to look at this to regulate e-commerce.
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What to Expect During an OCR Audit
All those who work in and around HIPAA know that they are taught to fear an OCR audit and avoid it at all costs. But what happens during an audit of your HIPAA compliance?
What Happens During a HIPAA Audit?
All those who work in and around HIPAA know that they are taught to fear a HIPAA audit and avoid it at all costs. But you may not know why that is something that people are so adamant to prevent from happening to them. Common questions that we hear are "What happens during a HIPAA audit?" and "Why is that something I should be afraid of?" We want to answer both of these questions and even more that may help you to have an understanding of what this process looks like in case you are ever required to undergo an audit.
What is an OCR Audit?
A HIPAA audit is a protocol that the OCR follows which assesses the policies, controls, and processes that covered entities or business associates are utilizing in order to comply with HIPAA and protect PHI and ePHI. Each audit follows consistent steps which goes through separate modules for each rule of HIPAA to evaluate that orgnaization's compliance with the standards of that piece.
If an organization is selected by the OCR to participate in the audit program, then they will be notified of this and then asked to provide various documents and data that will specifically be requested in this notification. At this point, the organization will submit all the requested information to the OCR via the requested secure portal, which will allow the OCR to begin to investigate all of this data. Once the OCR reviews each document, they will then produce a final audit report which includes the organization's comments back to this resolution.
How to Prepare for an Audit
The best thing to do to prepare for an audit in the first place is to take the time and steps towards HIPAA compliance far before there is any risk or notification of an audit. HIPAA compliance is something that all companies that work with PHI should be proactive about since regardless of an audit, they hold the responsibility to keep this information secure. However, aside from the need to be compliant, there are a few specific steps that will assist the company and prevent an audit from being as daunting. Here are a few:
 - Perform regular and comprehensive risk analyses
 - Keep a clear inventory of all business associate agreements, contracts, and HIPAA-related policies and procedures
 - Document all locations where PHI or ePHI are stored include file cabinets, internal databases, laptops, paper files, and more.
 - Train all employees that have access to PHI on HIPAA each year, and maintain records of these training certificates
Questions That you will be Asked
The specific details of the audit and the questions that you will be asked will vary depending on what type of audit you are receiving. There are hundreds of variations of HIPAA audits that the HHS and OCR will conduct based upon what specific issue or violation has been detected within that specific organization. Each of these specialized audit types comes with its own established performance criteria that will be analyzed and inquiries that will be given to the company based on the key activity that was deemed in violation of HIPAA.
Beyond these very particular audit types, the HHS does offer us eight general instructions for undergoing a HIPAA audit. These were found in an audit protocol resource from the HHS which can be read in entirety here
 1. Where the document says "entity," it means both covered entities and business associates unless identified as one or the other;
 2. Management refers to the appropriate privacy, security, and breach notification official(s) or person(s) designated by the covered entity or business associate for the implementation of policies and procedures and other standards;
 3. Entities must provide only the specified documents, not compendiums of all entity policies of procedures. The auditor will not search for relevant documentation that may be contained within such compilations;
 4. Unless otherwise specified, all document requests are for versions in use as of the date of the audit notification and document request;
 5. Unless otherwise specified, selected entities should submit documents via OCR's secure online web portal in PDF, MS Word or MS Excel formats;
 6. If the requested number of documentations of implementation is not available, the entity must provide instances from equivalent previous time periods to complete the sample. If no documentation is available, the entity must provide a statement to that effect.
 7. Workforce members include entity employees, on-site contractors, students, and volunteers; and,
 8. Information systems include hardware, software, information, data, applications, communications, and people.
Potential Outcomes of the Audit
If your company is audited by the HHS, either randomly or via a patient complaint, then you will be required to follow any steps and procedures requested by the OCR at their time of investigation. You should continue to be in communication with them and quickly supply them with any information, data records, policies, procedures, training records, or other details that they may request.
Once the OCR has received all of the information that they need from you, they will internally process and examine all of that data before reaching a conclusion. It is very possible that this audit could be quickly resolved if you are able to provide all the requested information that will answer their questions, and show them that you are not in noncompliance with HIPAA. Obviously that is the best case scenario for a HIPAA audit, and is exactly what Accountable is working to ensure occurs in the event that any of our customers are audited.
Cost of NonCompliance
However, this can not always be the way that a HIPAA audit ends or else we would not report monthly on the costly settlements that the OCR reaches with organizations found in violation. As we all know, HIPAA has an extremely high cost for noncompliance. The cost of noncompliance to HIPAA can be crippling to an organization. The penalties for HIPAA noncompliance are based on the perceived level of negligence and can range from $100 to $50,000 per individual violation, with a max penalty of $1.5 million per calendar year for violations. Additionally, violations can also result in jail time for the individuals responsible.
HIPAA breaks the penalties for noncompliance into four tiers:
 - First Tier: The covered entity did not know and could not reasonably known of the breach. Generally, these range to $100 to $50,000 per incident up to $1.5 million in penalties.
 - Second Tier: The covered entity knew or by exercising reasonable diligence would have known of the violation, though they did not act with willful neglect. Fines for the second tier can range up to $1,000 to $50,000 per incident up to $1.5 million.
 - Third Tier: The covered entity "Acted with willful neglect" and corrected the problems with a 30 day period of the breach. Penalties for the third tier can range from $10,00 - $50,000 per incident up to $1.5 million.
 - Fourth Tier: The covered entity acted with willful neglect and failed to make a timely correction. Fines start at $50,000 per incident up to $1.5 Million.
What are Audits like for Accountable Customers?
After seeing this steep cost of being found in violation with HIPAA, you must remember that although it is easy to violate HIPAA, it is even easier to implement a HIPAA compliance platform that will train your employees and provide policies to safeguard all PHI that you handle. Luckily, if you are a customer of Accountable's, you can rely on the fact that if you have completed each step of our HIPAA checklist within the platform, then you have completed the steps it takes to be HIPAA compliant. Plus, we even offer to cover up to $100K of all HIPAA related costs that stem from a HIPAA audit or OCR fine. With a $100,000 HIPAA Breach and Audit Guarantee, you can have the confidence in Accountable's product and support to assist you in reaching full compliance.
If you're not a customer of Accountable's yet, today is a good day to get started and take away the stress of a potential HIPAA audit in the future. Without giving over any credit card information, you can try our platform out for free today!
Get started on the road to Compliance
Accountable can help you achieve HIPAA compliance for your company.
Schedule a Call
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text:
New York Environmental Leaders (NYEL) Guidance Document
Table of Contents
- Compliance Screening
- Components of an Acceptable EMS
- Multi-Facility Option
- Environmental Performance Indicators and Categories
This program guidance supplements Commissioner's Policy 40 : NY Environmental Leaders (CP-40). While CP-40 sets forth the general approach the Department will take in implementing NY Environmental Leaders (NYEL), this guidance will provide information that applicants can use when evaluating their own environmental management efforts in relation to what is required of NYEL members. Further, this guidance will provide the Department with more specific criteria to use when evaluating potential candidates for the program.
To qualify for participation in New York Environmental Leaders, applicants must demonstrate a commitment to compliance with environmental requirements as defined in CP-40. The following sections, A through E, outline the process for determining whether an applicant meets the compliance requirements of the program.
Upon receipt of applications, the Pollution Prevention Unit will ask that the appropriate DEC Program/Regional Representatives conduct compliance screens for applicants in their region. The DEC Program/Regional Representatives shall do the following:
- Review the applicant's completed record of compliance form.
- Assess existing compliance data sources and document any violations that may prevent the applicant from being accepted to the applicable tier.
- Regional office staff shall check with regional programs to assess compliance with any existing environmental requirements, and any enforcement action being undertaken or contemplated.
The information gathered shall be transmitted to the Pollution Prevention Unit as soon as it is available.
If there is not enough existing information to assess the applicant's record of compliance, the Pollution Prevention Unit will request that the applicant allow the Department to conduct a multi-media compliance assessment. If the applicant agrees, then the DEC Regional Representative will take the lead in coordinating this effort. Violations discovered during this compliance assessment will be handled in accordance with the NYEL Enforcement Response Procedure in CP-40. If the applicant does not agree to this compliance assessment they will not be considered for entrance to NYEL.
C. Detecting Patterns of Neglect or Non-Cooperation Regarding Compliance with Environmental Requirements
To make this determination, the following will be considered:
- scope and magnitude of the applicant's operations
- trend over time in the instances of non-compliance and facility response
- prior willfulness and/or negligence regarding compliance with environmental requirements
- lack of good faith efforts to resolve issues
CP-40 excludes applicants to the Leadership Tier if they have three or more significant violations within the past three years. Those violations that meet USEPA criteria for Significant Non-Compliance (SNC) and High Priority Violation (HPV) will be considered significant for this purpose, as will any violations that are significant to affected Department programs.
SNC and HPV are terms defined by the USEPA to describe compliance status related to violations of environmental requirements that are deemed the most serious and may pose a more severe level of environmental threat. Each EPA program uses its own program specific criteria to determine if a facility is currently in SNC or HPV status. The EPA documents that set forth the program specific criteria are referenced below.
- Air Program HPV Definition - December 22, 1998 memo: Issuance of Policy on Timely and Appropriate Enforcement Response to High Priority Violations (see _URL_
- Clean Water Act SNC Definition - December 12, 1996 EPA guidance document: A General Design for SNC Redefinition Enhancement in PCS
- RCRA SNC Definition - December 2003 Hazardous Waste Civil Enforcement Response Policy (see _URL_
In certain circumstances the Department may consider specific factors, other than simply the number of violations, for entrance to the State option of the Leadership Tier. Basic compliance requirements for State Leadership Tier entry currently allow for no more than two significant violations in the last three years. If there are more than this number, however, the Department may also consider the following factors as exceptions:
- The number of violations is deemed reasonable considering the complexity of the organization's operations, and the number of opportunities for non-compliance
- The overall trend in the applicant's record of compliance demonstrates improvement
- The applicant has been cooperative in the resolution of violations
- Violations that are part of the applicant's record of compliance have been corrected in a timely and appropriate manner
- Violations were self-reported by the applicant
- The applicant demonstrates that their EMS will prevent future violations
CP-40 defines several options available to demonstrate the suitability of an organization's EMS. These include that the EMS:
- is a third party certified ISO 14001 EMS, or
- satisfies the requirements of the NEPT and has been independently audited, or
- satisfies a standard adopted by a trade association or other group that the DEC determines to be satisfactory, or
- has been deemed satisfactory after on-site assessment by DEC staff, or a NYEL peer that is acceptable to the Department.
For the purpose of evaluating a trade association EMS standard, or an EMS at an individual facility, the Department will look for the following elements.
Establishment of a clearly documented written policy that communicates management commitment to the environment and includes commitments for:
- Maintaining compliance with Legal Requirements,
- Continuous improvement in environmental performance, including areas not subject to regulation,
- Pollution prevention and source reduction,
- Continuous reduction of environmental risks, and
- Adequate personnel and resources for the EMS.
- Identification of the environmental aspects of the facility's products, activities, and services and the environmental requirements (as defined in CP-34 and CP-40) associated with each of them.
- Evaluation of the environmental aspects to determine those that could have a significant impact on the environment.
- Establishment of specific performance objectives and targets to: meet the facility's environmental policy, comply with Environmental Requirements, and reduce the facility's significant environmental impacts. In setting the objectives and targets, the facility focuses on:
- preventing non-compliance
- preventing pollution at its source
- minimizing cross-media pollutant transfers
- improving environmental performance (e.g., the provision of public health or environmental benefits that exceed any benefits that may be otherwise obtained through compliance with applicable Environmental Requirements)
- Development of programs to achieve the established objectives and targets. This includes identifying:
- The means to achieve the established objectives and targets,
- The time frame for meeting established objectives and targets, and modifying and updating these as Environmental Requirements change or modifications in operations occur,
- Those who are responsible for seeing that the established objectives and targets are achieved.
- Development of a program for ongoing community education on the facilities' environmental management, consistent with facility capabilities and community interest.
- Establishment of a clear specification of organizational duties, roles, responsibilities, and authorities in implementing and maintaining the EMS. This shall include:
- Organizational charts that identify staff having environmental performance and regulatory compliance responsibilities,
- A description of how staff and management will be held accountable for achieving and maintaining compliance,
- Establishment of programs to:
- Communicate to both internal and external individuals and groups, including:
- Communicating to employees, on-site service providers, and contractors about requirements pertaining to environmental performance and to Environmental Requirements compliance,
- Communicating routine requirements for sampling, monitoring, and reporting data required by law, regulation, and permit,
- Communicating practices for responding to changes in Environmental Requirements that could require modification of operating procedures,
- Responding to concerns from the community and communicating to the community relevant EMS and environmental performance information,
- Ensure that all personnel have been trained and are capable of carrying out their responsibilities in ensuring compliance with Environmental Requirements and implementation of the EMS, including:
- Identifying specific education and training required for personnel, as well as a process for documenting training,
- Ensuring that facility employees are aware of the facility's environmental policies, procedures, and Environmental Requirements, and their roles and responsibilities within the EMS,
- Ensuring that personnel responsible for meeting and maintaining compliance with Environmental Requirements are competent on the basis of appropriate education, training, and/or experience,
- Identify operations and activities where documented standard operating procedures are needed to prevent and control releases, ensure environmental protection, and maintain compliance with Environmental Requirements,
- Develop, approve, implement, and control the distribution of all EMS documents,
- Prepare, maintain, revise, and test an emergency response plan.
- Communicate to both internal and external individuals and groups, including:
Establishment of programs to:
- Conduct a periodic audit of the organization's compliance with Environmental Requirements and immediately correct any identified violations. In addition, a root cause analysis assessing why the violation occurred shall be conducted and the resulting conclusions shall be used to improve the EMS
- Conduct a periodic audit of the organization's EMS. Instances of nonconformance shall be investigated in order to understand the root cause and the EMS shall be appropriately corrected.
- Evaluate attainment of performance objectives and targets that had been developed through the EMS planning process and correct any identified impediments to achieving these objectives and targets.
Development and implementation of a program to ensure that top management conducts an annual review of the facility's performance against established objectives and targets, the results of the Environmental Requirements and EMS audits, and the general performance in meeting the intent of the environmental policy.
NYEL will have limited opportunities for multiple facilities within the same organization to participate in the State option of the Leadership Tier under a single NYEL agreement. Participating in NYEL in this manner will require prior approval from the Department. Those seeking to participate in this multi-facility arrangement will be required to demonstrate the following prior to submitting a multi-facility agreement:
- that the management structure at the organization is arranged in such a manner that a multi-facility agreement should be considered
- that there are significant benefits to the organization participating in NYEL under a multi-facility


Is Confidence Social?
Consider some uses of the word "confident":
Tom is confident the bus will arrive soon.
This is often interpreted as Tom assigning a high probability to the bus arriving soon. But then what about:
The CDC is confident this diseases poses only a moderate risk.
Is there a high probability that moderate risk is the correct risk assessment? But what can it mean for an estimate to be "correct"? Is this about the robustness of estimate to analysis variations? Now consider:
Sam took me into his confidence.
Perhaps this means Sam assigned a high probability that I would not betray him. But then what about:
Bill's manner is more confident these days.
Perhaps this means Bill assigns a high probability to his having a high ability. But this last usage seems to me better interpreted as Bill acting higher status, and expecting his bid for higher status to be accepted by others. Bill does not expect to be challenged in this bid, and beaten down.
If you think about it, this status move interpretation can also make sense of all the other uses above. Sam taking me into his confidence might mean that Sam didn't expect me to use his trust to reduce his status. And the CDC might expect that its risk estimation could not be successfully challenged by other parties, perhaps in part because this estimate was robust to analysis variations. Similarly, Tom might expect that his status won't be reduced by the bus failing to show up as he predicted.
Yes, sometimes confidence can be in part about assigning a high probability, or about the robustness of an analysis. But more fundamentally, confidence may be about status moves. It is just that in some circumstances we makes status bids via asserting that some event is high probability, or asserting that variations of an analysis tend to lead to similar results.
If you ever offer advice, to someone who asks you how confident you are in your advice, try to remember that this may at root not be a question about probabilities. It may instead be a question what can happen socially if your advisee follows your advice. How easily might others might challenge that advice, perhaps then lowering your advisee's status? To figure that out, you may need to look beyond probabilities and analysis robustness, and consider who might want to challenge this advice, what might make them want to launch such a challenge, and what resources they might bring to such a fight.
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 - Stefano Bertolo
 when I was working at on the axiomatizaton of common sense knowledge I often wondered whether adverbs like 'very' might work exactly this way. I.e. if the choice of describing something X as "very beautiful" might express an estimate that very few people would reject the claim that X is beautiful.
 - TGGP
 Just happened to be reading/listening to Kahneman (hat-tip Tyler) on intuitive thinking and our bad performance on probability questions. Most of his discussion of what the brain (or Type/System 1) is "good" at sounds social. You are confident in something if you can fit available information into a good story, not because your belief is very robust to information you have not yet learned.
 - Stefano Bertolo
 on the issue of confidence and status challenges see also
 "Zhao Gao was contemplating treason but was afraid the other officials would not heed his commands, so he decided to test them first. He brought a deer and presented it to the Second Emperor but called it a horse. The Second Emperor laughed and said, "Is the chancellor perhaps mistaken, calling a deer a horse?" Then the emperor questioned those around him. Some remained silent, while some, hoping to ingratiate themselves with Zhao Gao, said it was a horse, and others said it was a deer. Zhao Gao secretly arranged for all those who said it was a deer to be brought before the law. Thereafter the officials were all terrified of Zhao Gao. (tr. Watson 1993:70)"
 - PeterW
 An exercise: what does it say about a social equilibrium when everyone is told that "be more confident" is a good thing – and "be less confident" or "be more humble" is never advised?
 - Mark
 I'd say this analysis is stretching it. To put someone under your confidence is to give that person access to some private vulnerability while trusting him/her not to exploit that vulnerability. While such an exploitation may affect your status, it needn't necessarily do so. E.g., I put a friend in my confidence by giving him access to an emergency stash of money and he secretly steals some of it.
 - Rodney Polkinghorne
 Harold Jeffreys's Theory of Probability gives a way to interpret the CDC's statement. He points out that probabilities calculated from uncertain data are uncertain themselves, and should strictly be stated in terms of higher order probabilities.
 The CDC can assert two things. Firstly, on the information available to them, the risk they estimate is moderate. Secondly, they would be surprised if further information changed their estimate.
 The rest of the post strikes me as asking for the police force in newtons.
 - Katja Grace
 The bus situation doesn't seem to translate well into status at all, and the disease and trust examples seem strained. The probability interpretation seems to fit better. People seem to intuitively believe a risk estimate can be 'correct', even if they can't say what that means. If Bill places a high probability on his having good qualities, it follows that he will act high status, so it's not surprising if the concept makes you think of him making status bids even if that's not what it usually means.
 - T B
 I'm curious…do you think you're making the same mistake that Meno/Socrates was in The Meno? By looking for one common usage that seems fundamental to the uses of a word? Quotes like:
 "this status move interpretation can also make sense of all the other uses above."
 "But more fundamentally, confidence may be about status moves"
 I also see that you are slightly hesitant to state definitively that it would "always be about status moves"–which would be an odd claim.
 What would you say to someone who says that you're being an essentialist, and not taking into account the full variety of the ways we use words like "confidence"?
 I'm thinking mostly about Wittgenstein's idea of family resemblance (and Wittgenstein in general)–since you studied philosophy of science I assume you would have a counter to his argument that the uses of the words can't be made sense of by one single thing, that there is no fundamental "one" usage? (Because it depends on context.) What's the counter to this?
 - DW
 Maybe a more charitable way of putting this is for you to consider whether someone else might offer better advice.
 - Doc Merlin
 Its much bigger than that. Overconfidence is what allows market evolution to actually work.
 If entrepreneurs actually acted based on rational expectations of their success they would be much less likely to start their own business. Considering 10 year startup success rate is less than 1/3rd, we wouldn't get the evolution and failures we need for enough ideas to be tried out, and way less innovation would happen than is necessary.
 Another way of looking at it. The only thing that matters is meme propagation. If overconfidence increases the chance of meme propagation, more than its costs reduce meme propagation, then overconfidence will persist.
 In short, irrational overconfidence is a necessary part of the evolutionary process.


text:
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Название: Functional evaluation of the effective potential
Автор: Jackiw R.
By use of the path-integral formulation of quantum mechanics, a series expansion for the effective potential is derived. Each order of the series corresponds to an infinite set of conventional Feynman diagrams, with a fixed number of loops. As an application of the formalism, three calculations are performed. For a set of n self-interacting scalar fields, the effective potential is computed to the two-loop approximation. Also, all loops are summed in the leading-logarithmic approximation when n gets large. Finally, the effective potential for scalar, massless electrodynamics is derived in an arbitrary gauge. It is found that the potential is gauge-dependent, and a specific gauge is exhibited in which all one-loop effects disappear.


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Dark Gaia
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Dark Gaia
First Appearance
Sonic the Hedgehog #259
Biographical information
 - Dark Gaia
 - Deity
Physical description
Political Alignment and Abilities
Notable Super Forms
Dark Gaia is a primordial hyper energy organism that lies beneath the surface of Sonic's World and has been in eternal conflict with Light Gaia. Together they have maintained a cycle of destruction and rebirth since the dawn of time.
When Amy Rose met Sonic the Hedgehog for the first time at Never Lake, an illustration that heavily resembled Dark Gaia (as well as Chip) could be seen on one of her tarrot cards (the same set that allegedly predicted her first meeting with Sonic), possibly fortelling of the beasts eventual awakening. (StH: #290)
Awoken Too Soon
Dark Gaia Mural
A mural depicting the Dark Gaia.
According to Professor Pickle, Dark Gaia had a history of causing the planet to break up into fragments, not unlike the situation that resulted during shattered world crisis. Tikal indicated that the breaking of the planet following the Super Genesis Wave was an acceleration of the natural cycle, happening prior to its proper time. As a result, Light Gaia was left weakened and unprepared for the task that lay ahead of it. Additionally, portions of the creature's energy began seeping through the cracks in the planet, and some coalesced into Dark Gaia Creatures. (StH: #259, SU: #63).
After Sonic beat Dr. Eggman's Egg Dragoon, Dark Gaia finally regained its consciousness thanks to Eggman gathering its fragments with the Summoning Spire. Now strong enough on its own, it began reabsorbing its energies from across the globe, allowing to mature from its incomplete state into its "perfect form". (StH: #286, #287)
Dark Gaia is capable of exerting its essence as a corruptive, yet potent energy gas referred to as Dark Gaia Energy. This energy is capable of causing mutations at night, blocking spirits, and enhancing negative feelings. When coalescing, it can also create hostile monsters.
Background Information
 - Dark Gaia Mural
 Dark Gaia is the main antagonist of the game Sonic Unleashed. The storyline in which it appears in the comic is based on the story of said game.
 - Dark Gaia was first referred to in StH#193, though it was not referred to by name nor was actually seen on panel. Additionally, the story in which it was referred to took place in the Another Time, Another Place universe.
 - in Sonic Unleashed, Dark Gaia's essence was seen to put people in depressed moods; the comics indicate that it can also increase aggressive tendencies, and that high concentrations can lead to mutations as seen in the case of Sonic.
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text:
Going out to eat tapas is one of the most popular activities in Spain. But there's a lot of misunderstanding about what exactly tapas means. It's generally understood that a tapa is small, but after that, confusion abounds.
Tapas: Plural or Singular'?
In Spanish, you can have one 'tapa' and two or more 'tapas.' The word is undoubtedly plural.
In English, linguistically speaking, 'tapas' is used like 'a la carte.' The word 'tapas' in English is treated as a concept, always written with the's.' The dictionary does not include the word 'tapa,' and the's' at the end of 'tapas' would be pronounced /z/ not /s/ (think how you pronounce the's' in 'bananas' or 'zebras').
So when you're in Spain, feel free to say 'I'm not very hungry, I think I'll get one tapa,' because that is how it would be used in Spanish. But, in the English language it's fine to use the word 'tapas' as a singular word.
What Tapas Is Not
There are a number of myths about what tapas is all about. Here are just a few:
- Tapas is not a particular type of food. Anything can be tapas: paella, croquettes, ham and cheese on toast, truly anything. As long as it is small and served with your drink (either free or at a surcharge), it is tapas. It doesn't even have to be Spanish; in Granada, there are a number of Moroccan bars that offer couscous, falafel, and kebabs as tapas.
- Tapas is not a starter. If you start eating tapas, you finish eating tapas, and you don't stop until you're full.
- Tapas is not a collection of small dishes brought out on a platter and eaten as a main course. The Spanish have a word for this, tabla.
Meaning of the Word
A 'tapa' is a 'lid' or 'cover.' In the early days of tapas, a slice of cheese or ham was given with your drink and placed over your drink. There is some debate over why exactly this was done:
- To keep out the flies.
- To hide the smell of the bad wine.
- To keep the wind from blowing your drink everywhere.
There is another explanation which differs from the above. It is said that there was once a sick king—which one exactly differs according to who is telling the story—who couldn't drink alcohol without taking some food with it. He issued a royal decree that insisted that everyone should take food with their drinks. A slight variation of this one is that the benevolent king simply insisted that food should be taken with any drink out of concerns for the health issues associated with drinking on an empty stomach.
In Spain Today
So, with all the myths about tapas out of the way, this is what tapas is today. A tapa is invariably a small dish of something edible. It may be a smaller version (normally a quarter version) of something else on the menu or it may be sold exclusively as tapas. The tapas may or may not be free. Unfortunately the days of free tapas are over in much of Spain. If the tapas is given to you without you having asked for it, it will be free.
If you are invited to 'go for tapas,' you'll be visiting lots of bars and probably only taking a single tapas in each. If you are unfamiliar with the city you are in, you may be apprehensive about moving on from a bar you have found that you like for fear of not finding another one as good. In which case, you may want to take a tapas tour in Spain instead. Led by a local expert, you will be taken to a number of tapas bars, sampling a dish and a drink in each one.
Decipher those unintelligible menus with a glossary of popular Spanish food. Print it out and put it in your wallet before you go. You'll be thankful for it when you're trying to avoid ordering the snails!
Glossary of Common Tapas Dishes
- Allioli - Garlic mayo, no matter how 'traditionally Catalan' the waiter tells you it is
- Albóndigas - Meatballs
- Aceitunas - Olives
- Bacalao - Cod
- Boquerones - Anchovies
- Berenjenas - Eggplant/Aubergine
- Calamares - Fried squid rings.
- Caracoles - Snails
- Cazón - Dogfish, usually fried.
- Chorizo - Spicy sausage
- Gambas - Prawns, often fried in garlic (al ajillo)
- Gazpacho - Cold soup, but perhaps more accurately referred to as a liquid salad
- Jamón Serrano/Iberico - Cured ham. A national obsession. Melón con jamon Serrano is not a typo – it really is melon and ham.
- Lomo - Pork loin
- Merluza - Hake
- Migas - Fried breadcrumbs
- Morcilla - Blood sausage
- Paella - Erm, paella
- Pan con tomate - Bread topped with tomato, oil, and garlic. The most typically Catalan dish, simple but delicious. Can be eaten on its own or with cold meats and cheeses.
- Pisto - Stew of tomatoes, peppers, eggplant, and zucchini
- Pulpo - Octopus
- Salchichón - Sausage or salami
- Tortilla - Omelette with potato and onion


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Specifies which bytes in a video surface are encrypted.
typedef struct D3D11_1DDI_ENCRYPTED_BLOCK_INFO {
 UINT NumEncryptedBytesAtBeginning;
 UINT NumBytesInSkipPattern;
 UINT NumBytesInEncryptPattern;
The number of bytes that are encrypted at the start of the buffer.
The number of bytes that are skipped after the first NumEncryptedBytesAtBeginning bytes, and then after each block of NumBytesInEncryptPattern bytes. Skipped bytes are not encrypted.
The number of bytes that are encrypted after each block of skipped bytes.
The skip and encrypt pattern is then repeated until the buffer ends. For more information about the skip-encrypt pattern, see the Remarks section.
Because the buffer's encrypted portion is specified in bytes, an application must ensure that the encrypted blocks match the GPU's crypto-block alignment.
The following examples show how the runtime can partition a buffer's encryption.
 1. The following values encrypt the first 100 bytes of the buffer and skip the remaining buffer data:
 - NumEncryptedBytesAtBeginning = 100;
 - NumBytesInSkipPattern = 0;
 - NumBytesInEnycryptPattern = 0;
 2. The following values encrypt the first 100 bytes of the buffer, skips the next 20 bytes, and then encrypt the next 2 bytes blocks. The process is then repeated where these values skip 20 bytes and encrypt 2 bytes until the end of the buffer.
 - NumEncryptedBytesAtBeginning = 100;
 - NumBytesInSkipPattern = 20;
 - NumBytesInEnycryptPattern = 2;
Minimum supported client
Windows 8
Minimum supported server
Windows Server 2012
D3d10umddi.h (include D3d10umddi.h)
Send comments about this topic to Microsoft
Build date: 1/22/2014
© 2014 Microsoft. All rights reserved.


text:
Cloud drop number concentrations (Nd) over the western North Atlantic Ocean (WNAO) are generally highest during the winter (DJF) and lowest in summer (JJA), in contrast to aerosol proxy variables (aerosol optical depth, aerosol index, surface aerosol mass concentrations, surface cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations) that generally peak in spring (MAM) and JJA with minima in DJF. Using aircraft, satellite remote sensing, ground-based in situ measurement data, and reanalysis data, we characterize factors explaining the divergent seasonal cycles and furthermore probe into factors influencing Nd on seasonal timescales. The results can be summarized well by features most pronounced in DJF, including features associated with cold-air outbreak (CAO) conditions such as enhanced values of CAO index, planetary boundary layer height (PBLH), low-level liquid cloud fraction, and cloud-top height, in addition to winds aligned with continental outflow. Data sorted into highand low-Nd days in each season, especially in DJF, revealed that all of these conditions were enhanced on the high-Nd days, including reduced sea level pressure and stronger wind speeds. Although aerosols may be more abundant in MAM and JJA, the conditions needed to activate those particles into cloud droplets are weaker than in colder months, which is demonstrated by calculations of the strongest (weakest) aerosol indirect effects in DJF (JJA) based on comparing Nd to perturbations in four different aerosol proxy variables (total and sulfate aerosol optical depth, aerosol index, surface mass concentration of sulfate). We used three machine learning models and up to 14 input variables to infer about most influential factors related to Nd for DJF and JJA, with the best performance obtained with gradient-boosted regression tree (GBRT) analysis. The model results indicated that cloud fraction was the most important input variable, followed by some combination (depending on season) of CAO index and surface mass concentrations of sulfate and organic carbon. Future work is recommended to further understand aspects uncovered here such as impacts of free tropospheric aerosol entrainment on clouds, degree of boundary layer coupling, wet scavenging, and giant CCN effects on aerosol-Nd relationships, updraft velocity, and vertical structure of cloud properties such as adiabaticity that impact the satellite estimation of Nd.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Atmospheric Science


text:
Banded Coral Shrimp
The Banded Coral Shrimp, Stenopus hispidus is a decapod crustacean, resembling shrimp. It is classified in the infraorder Stenopodidea. More familiar names for this species include Banded Boxer Shrimp, Banded Prawn, Coral Banded Shrimp and Barber-pole Shrimp. This crustacean looks like a shrimp and even shares the common name shrimp, however, it is not truly shrimp.
The shrimp-like crustacean is less than an inch long with red bands wrapping his body, and long, white antennae upon his head. To defend itself from predators, its body is covered with short, sharp spines.
Decapods use their tail to move backwards very quickly to escape danger. Unlike true shrimp that dwell on muddy bottoms to feed, the banded coral shrimp are much cleaner and prefer to dwell in openings in the reef as well as sponges. The crustacean is a popular aquarium pet because of its cleaning reputation. It is capable of removing dead tissue, and algae and parasites from other comrade fish in the tank.
The banded coral shrimp are often found hanging upside down on rocks and shells in anchialine pools and on coral reefs.


text:
A few weeks ago, I traveled to Israel with my ten-year-old daughter Sage, to participate in the olive harvest. This was my long-awaited opportunity to do hands-on research for a picture book I'm writing and illustrating about an ancient olive tree. I couldn't wait to roll up my sleeves and get out in the olive grove.
There's something special about hands-on research. In this age of unprecedented convenience, we have the technological ability to access information from all over the world in a matter of seconds. But information obtained this way can lack authenticity, and often appears out of context. Rarely do I have the opportunity to physically experience what I'm drawing or writing about. But there's no substitute for direct experience when it
comes to bringing a story to life.
The morning after we arrived at Kibbutz Gezer, a half a dozen olive pickers gathered by the side of the road that encircles the kibbutz. Inside the circle, the homes for approximately 400 people are clustered together. Outside the circle are grassy meadows; a baseball field; swimming pool; a field of eggplants; a tel – an ancient town filled in over the centuries by debris until it becomes a flat-topped, man-made hill, now the site of an archeological excavation – and of course, the olive groves. Hundreds of trees of approximately 30 years of age stood in grassy rows. Most were heavy with fruit, their branches drooping under the weight of colorful clusters of olives.
The harvest technique is simple: we spread black plastic tarps under the trees, and used small hand-held rakes to "comb" the olives from the branches. Most of the fruit could be reached either from the ground or by climbing a few steps up the trunk. The trees are pruned to stay low, and the limbs are encouraged to spread out like a basket, so that every part of the tree receives maximum sunlight. It is said that if an olive tree is pruned properly, there's enough space between the branches to allow a bird to fly through. Olive trees are uniquely dependent upon humans for this pruning – they cannot thrive without it. An olive tree that is well-pruned can continue to regenerate from its roots virtually indefinitely, with a lifespan of two thousand years or even longer. Thus the olive tree has been a symbol of renewal for millennia.
Olive fruits are firm and smooth, with a chalky skin that turns shiny when you rub it. Each fruit is a unique blend of color ranging from pale yellow-green to soft mauve to dark purple-grey. Some are faintly spotted. When they fall to the ground, they slowly turn to charcoal blue as the fruit begins to dry and wrinkle under the hot sun. I dared myself to bite into one, with the anticipated bitter results. Olives must be soaked and cured before they become edible.
During our breaks we picnicked on fresh bread dipped in hummus, olive oil, homemade tzchug and za'ater; pickled green olives; oil-cured black olives, cucumbers, tomatoes, and a cultured yogurt-like cheese. We tried to make up olive songs and olive jokes – but none are worth repeating here.
The olive grove is a peaceful place. Each tree is uniquely-shaped, and has its own special character. The soft branches wave in the breeze like hair, causing the tree to change color slightly as each leaf reveals its silvery-white underside. The blend of colors in an olive tree is a painter's challenge – for this artist at least. Flocks of doves rose from the trees and turned as one into the sunshine. The air in the grove is sweet, as if the trees have cleansed the air of all impurities. Olive leaves are known for their powerful healing properties. According to Wikipedia, olive leaf and olive leaf extracts (OLE), are now marketed as anti-aging, immunostimular, and antibiotic agents. Other reference books claim olive leaf extract is effective against viral infections, parasites, fungi, and even "super-infections" that resist antibiotics.
How ironic, in this peaceful place among young trees that promise to live for so long, to hear the concussions of rockets in the distance – for even as we harvested the fruit of the tree that symbolizes peace, hundreds of rockets from Gaza were being fired at the nearby cities of Tel Aviv, Ashkelon, and Rishon Letzion. And Israel was retaliating with "Operation Pillar of Cloud", a targeted defensive operation that took place the week we were there. Truly, Israel is a land of paradox – of cultural, artistic and spiritual riches; unparalleled innovations in education, medicine, agriculture, technology, and energy conservation – not to mention wonderful people – yet Israel is also a troubled place, with internal rifts, economic problems, and seemingly-intractable conflicts with its Arab neighbors. Traveling in Israel, it is not unusual to feel conflicting emotions. Even as we worked in such a bucolic place as the olive grove, we were all aware of the location of the closest bomb shelter, which had been unlocked that week for rapid entry.
And we all knew that beyond the "green line" (the disputed border between Israel and the West Bank), Palestinians were harvesting olive trees just like ours. This is not the first century, or even the first millennium, in which olive trees have been implicated in matters of territorial conflict. For the olive tree is native to a region that is rife with inescapable complexities. Rooted in a shifting tapestry of peoples and conquests, the olive tree stands constant as a living organism of renewal and peace.
I loved the olive grove, and got into a groove with my yellow rake. The conversation was lively: there were kibbutz members who had come to help, along with dogs of all shapes and sizes. There were friends from Jerusalem, a traveling post-grad student from the U.S., and visitors from Norway. Everyone was in good spirits as we gathered up the tarps and poured the fruit into crates. These would be taken to the olive press at nearby Latroun. An olive press is a huge industrial machine that is necessarily communal; no one can own their own olive press. At Latroun, we saw Jews and Arabs alike waiting for the yield of their harvest, chatting in English, Hebrew, and Arabic as the olives were pressed, separated by centrifuge into pomace and oil, and finally decanted into containers.
The leftover "mash" of fiber and pits is sometimes pressed into dry cakes to be burned as fuel – a great idea!
Hours after the picking was done, at the end of the day I returned to the olive grove to sketch. I did pencil drawings and brush drawings, trying to capture the shapes of the trees, the texture of the leaves. I tested a few colors, and tried to catch the contour of the land. Birds twittered from opposite sides of the grove, calling to each other. Dogs barked in the distance as the sun went down, mingled with the sound of a child's laughter.
In the hush that followed, the peace of the olive grove was palpable. My daughter sat beside me with her own drawing book, both of us sitting on torn pieces of cardboard on the ground while we sketched. She drew a twisted olive trunk, then switched to fashion designs. I hope when she grows up, she'll remember that day.
In addition to the jug of fresh olive oil I brought home, I also harvested something else: photos, sketches, notes, and memories. These impressions from my week of picking olives will be gathered and pressed, spun and separated into the many components of a book. This book has taken its time to ripen and grow, but I hope in the end it will be worth it. The more I learn about olives, the more there is to know – from cultivation techniques to nutritional and medicinal benefits, from historical facts to political implications. And the more I learn about olives, the more I love them.
Special thanks to Dani Livney and all the wonderful folks at Kibbutz Gezer for making this trip possible. We hope to return next year to pick olives again!
חג החנוכה שמח!
We are about to celebrate Chanukah, the festival of light that remembers each year the miracle of oil – olive oil – in a story that is rooted a mere bike ride's distance from Gezer. The Maccabean graves in nearby Modi'in is where the Hasmoneans, who ruled a Jewish dynasty in Israel, have been buried in the ground for more than 2,100 years. Some of the olive trees that lived then are still alive today.
Happy Holidays to all –


text:
An innovative micromechanics-based three-dimensional long-term strength criterion for fracture assessment of rock materials
Journal article, Peer reviewed
MetadataShow full item record
Original versionFrattura ed Integrità Strutturale. 2018, 12 (44), 64-81. 10.3221/IGF-ESIS.44.06
Rocks may exhibit time-dependent behaviors. Long-term strength criterion significantly dominates creep failure of rocks. Rocks contain many microcracks, which lead to degrade of long-term strength. In this paper, it is assumed that there exist three-dimensional penny-shaped microcracks in rocks. The mode II stress intensity factors at tips of three-dimensional penny-shaped microcracks in Burgers viscoelastic rock matrix is derived. A novel micromechanics-based three-dimensional long-term strength criterion is established to consider the effects of time and the intermediate principal stress on creep failure of rocks. By comparison with the previous experimental data, it is found that the novel micromechanics-based three-dimensional long-term strength criterion is in good agreement with the experimental data.


text:
Definitions of solace
v. t. - Comfort in grief; alleviation of grief or anxiety; also, that which relieves in distress; that which cheers or consoles; relief. 2
v. t. - Rest; relaxation; ease. 2
n. - To cheer in grief or under calamity; to comfort; to relieve in affliction, solitude, or discomfort; to console; -- applied to persons; as, to solace one with the hope of future reward. 2
n. - To allay; to assuage; to soothe; as, to solace grief. 2
v. i. - To take comfort; to be cheered. 2
The word "solace" uses 6 letters: A C E L O S.
No direct anagrams for solace found in this word list.
Words formed by adding one letter before or after solace (in bold), or to acelos in any order:
d - coleads solaced h - loaches i - celosia j - cajoles l - callose locales p - escalop r - claroes coalers escolar oracles recoals solacer s - solaces t - lactose locates talcose v - alcoves coevals
Shorter words found within solace:
ace aces ae al ale alec alecs ales aloe aloes als also as calo calos case cel cels close coal coals col cola colas cole coles cols cos el els es la lac lace laces lacs las lase lea leas lo loca lose oca ocas oe oes ole olea oles os ose sac sae sal sale scale sea seal sec sel sloe so socle sol sola sole
List shorter words within solace, sorted by length
All words formed from solace by changing one letter
Browse words starting with solace by next letter


text:
A step by step tutorial teaching you how to create your own chat client and chat server easily in C#, for local networks or the Internet.
A C# tutorial showing you how to make use of WMI to extract information on disk drives, such as model, capacity, sectors and serial number.
This tutorial will teach you how to calculate the shipping cost based on the weight, height, length and depth of the box, the distance and the UPS service type.
Clipboard Copy and Paste with C#
Learn how to copy and paste text and images from and to the Windows clipboard using the Clipboard class in C# and.NET 2.0. You will also see how to clear the content of the clipboard.
On Sunday, June 4th 2006 at 03:38 AM
By Andrew Pociu (View Profile)
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This simple tutorial will show you how to access the Windows clipboard in.NET 2.0 using C#. Start by creating a Windows Application inside Visual Studio 2005 and to the form add a TextBox (txtClipboard), a PictureBox (picClipboard) andfive buttons (btnCopyText, btnPasteText, btnCopyImage, btnPasteImage, btnClear). Also add a OpenFileDialog object and name it opnImage. The form elements should be arranged so that it looks similar to the one below:
As you can see here, the functionality of copying and pasting text is separated from the one of copying and pasting images, and it makes sense, since you can't always paste images in the same place you are pasting text, unless you are using an advanced container that supports both types of content, such as Microsoft Word. Since in our application we don't have a control where both images and text can be pasted, we are using a TextBox for the text, and a PictureBox for the images.
The first functionality to be added is copying text to the clipboard. Double click the btnCopyText button and you will get to its Click event. Inside it there is only one line to add:
We are using the SetText() method to set the clipboard to the text inside the txtClipboard TextBox.
Now it's time to paste, thus double click the btnPasteText button and once you get to its Click event, use the following line:
txtClipboard.Text = Clipboard.GetText();
Here the TextBox is being set to the content of the clipboard (as long as the content is plain text).
When copying an image, we first need to allow the user to pick an image, and here's where the OpenFileDialog object comes into action. Double click the btnCopyImage button so that Visual Studio 2005 can create its Click event, and use the following piece of code:
if (opnImage.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
Image imgToCopy = Image.FromFile(opnImage.FileName);
First we check to see if the user has clicked OK and thus selected a file. If he did, we create an Image object from that file. Please note that at this point, in a real-life application, you will want to allow the user to only select a number of file types (GIF, JPEG, PNG, etc.), and also check after the selection was made and before it is put into the clipboard, if a valid image file was selected.
After the Image object is created by passing the path of the image file, we put this object into the clipboard.
Now double click the btnPasteImage button and inside the Click event, we're going to put a line of code that pastes the content of the clipboard into a PictureBox. Pasting images is very similar to pasting text, only that now we use the GetImage() method instead of GetText() and for the container we use a PictureBox control instead of a TextBox control:
picClipboard.Image = Clipboard.GetImage();
As for clearing the clipboard, it couldn't get any easier. If you double click the btnClear button and use the following line of code inside the btnClear_Click event, you are done:
Thanks to the Clipboard class, this tutorial was a very easy one. If you wish to download the code as a Visual Studio 2005 C# Solution, use the link at the top of the tutorial.
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Center for Nanoscale Science @ Penn State
The Education and Outreach programs provide opportunities for children and youth, teachers, parents, the general public and anyone with an interest in science to learn about nano-science & engineering
The Center is at the cutting edge of materials research, a field that touches our every day lives and has the potential to solve many of the world's current and future challenges. As a result, programs are designed to share this knowledge, explain the importance of materials research, encourage interest and excitement, and inspire the next generation of researchers to get involved.


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January 5, 2007
Whales may seem exotic to us, but we share some things in common--including sophisticated brain cells. (Ron Singer, US Fish and Wildlife Service)
An update to the stethoscope, why fevers may be healthy, how whales' brains are like ours, making robots from DNA, and lessons from the fat and skinny genes.
For transcripts, visit this podcast's related daily shows:


Pearl Towle is a few days shy of her 100th birthday, and with the approaching milestone, folks are beginning to take notice. So she seems unsurprised when a visitor asks her the painfully obvious question that typically greets the occasion.
What's your secret to living 100 years?
Pearl doesn't hesitate.
Forward motion. Around her town, up mountains, through life, it was the only thing to do, the only way to be for Pearl.
Pearl Parker was born in Northfield on January 21, 1907, the middle of five children. Her two older brothers and two younger sisters were all born in Holden ("I guess I had to be different," she says with a smile), and she lived in town since the age of three.
The Parker house stood on Main Street, at what is now Sunnyside Ford. Pearl attended Rice Elementary School and then Holden High School, which was then located upstairs in the Gale Free Library.
Sometimes, she was allowed to drive the family car to school and at lunch she and her friends would take a spin around town. If they were late returning, they had to write their names on a bulletin board announcing their indiscretion.
Growing up in Holden was "wonderful," Pearl says during an interview at the Jewish Healthcare Center in Worcester, where she's lived for three years. As a girl she played Jacks on her front steps, skated in the winter and, her favorite, hiked in the woods. If there was one thing Holden in the early 20th century didn't lack, it was woods.
Her father, Frank Parker, owned his own ice company, and harvested ice from nearby Parker Pond (yes, it bore his name). He delivered ice in Holden and Worcester, his horse-drawn carriage pulling the frozen slabs in large carts, and behind that a trail of running children pleading for ice shavings.
The demand for ice began to wane by the time Pearl graduated from Holden High in 1924, thanks to the advent of refrigeration. The hurricane of 1928 played its part by knocking down several of the town's icehouses, including the Parkers'. But Frank owned woodlots, selling lumber for fireplaces and stoves, and managing his way through the disappearance of the ice business.
After high school she attended allgirls Wheaton College (it's since gone co-ed), majored in mathematics and continued her passion for walking, even launching the school's first student walking club.
Pearl graduated from Wheaton in 1928 and took her first job as a psychometrist, doing "mental testing" of public school students who repeated grades. She traveled from school to school, but when she was back home in Holden Pearl still enjoyed her hikes.
One day, she agreed to climb Mount Wachusett with her sister and her sister's boyfriend, who'd arranged for a date to accompany Pearl. When he couldn't make it, they decided to give a call to Berton Towle, a former classmate of Pearl's. He was game.
"Bert was one of a group of us who did things together," Pearl recalls. "Sure, people paired up in high school, but Bert was never what you would call a 'boyfriend.'"
That changed after the couple hiked up the mountain.
"We kept hiking all our lives," says Pearl.
They married in 1932 in Pearl's childhood home. Frank Parker had a trellis built as an entry into the backyard garden for the occasion.
Son Parker was born in Holden Hospital in 1933. Bert worked as a chemist at U.S. Steel and was an avid photographer on the side, snapping memorable photos of Holden people and places through the years that he kept in albums and turned into Christmas cards. They lived upstairs from Pearl's family, then rented a duplex on Maple St. before buying their home on Sunnyside Avenue.
Pearl went to work for the Worcester County Ecumenical Conference and the Congregational Church in Holden, keeping the books. "I always loved working with numbers," she says.
And she and Bert kept on walking.
"Any day Bert was off he'd say, 'What are we going to do today?'" Pearl says. "Some people say, 'What movie are we going to see?' We never did that. We climbed all 4,000-foot peaks in New England, and a lot of the Appalachian Trail.
"We always kept picnic materials in the car - non-perishables, that sort of thing. That was so we could take off at a moment's notice."
Though confined to a wheelchair much of the time, Pearl still walks. Her route is now the corridor outside her room; and she has assistance now, from a walker and from a nephew who helps her every Wednesday ("I really think I could get by without the walker, but they think it wouldn't be safe," she says. No word on the nephew.) She also attends exercise class every day, welcoming the activity for a practical reason - it keeps her weight down.
"They feed us too well here," she says with a laugh. "I suppose I've gained a pound or two, but I can't change that."
Her son Parker is a neurologist living in Franconia, N.H., and has four children. Pearl gets back to Holden "as often as anyone can take me," and has monitored the exterior work being done on her and Bert's old house on Sunnyside Avenue.
There will be a party celebration for Pearl on her 100th. She says her family may even take her to services at First Congregational, though she's hesitant because "everybody will be looking at me" and she doesn't want a fuss.
Of course, if she doesn't enjoy the setting, one suspects Pearl will find a way to do what she loves most - just keep on walkin'.


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Public Choice - A Primer
Adam Smith Institute
March 26, 2012
Institute of Economic Affairs Occasional Paper 147
'Market failure' is a term widely used by politicians, journalists and university and A-level economics teacher and students. However, those who use the term often lack any sense of proportion about the ability of government to correct market failures. This arises partly from the lack of general knowledge - and lack of coverage in economics syllabuses - of Public Choice economics.
Public Choice economics applies realistic insights about human behaviour to the process of government, and it is extremely helpful for all those who have an interest in - or work in - public policy to understand this discipline. If we assume that at least some of those involved with the political process - whether elected representatives, bureaucrats, regulators, public sector workers or electors - will act in their own self-interest rather than in the general public interest, it should give us much less confidence that government can 'correct' market failure.
This complex area of economics has been summarised in a very clear primer by Eamonn Butler. The author helps the reader to understand the limits of the government's ability to correct market failure and also explains the implications of public choice economics for the design of systems of government - a topic that is highly relevant in contemporary political debate.
This text is an important contribution for all who seek to understand better the role that government should play in economic life.
Number of Pages in PDF File: 68
Keywords: Public Choice theory, rent seeking, market failure, public policy
JEL Classification: A13, A20, A21, A22, D41, H10, H11, J45, J58Accepted Paper Series
Date posted: March 27, 2012
© 2013 Social Science Electronic Publishing, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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Molecular Modeling to Predict Regioselectivity of Hydration Reactions
In a series of introductory organic chemistry laboratory experiments, students oxidize several isomeric alkenes using acid-catalyzed hydration, oxymercuration/demercuration, and hydroboration to compare the regioselectivity of the different techniques. The product mixtures are subsequently analyzed by GC and IR. To explain the results fully, students use the Spartan 5.0 molecular modeling package to predict the regioselectivity of these hydration reactions. For the acid-catalyzed hydration reaction, they predict the products by calculating the stability of the possible carbocation intermediates using the semiempirical AM1 program. Using semiempirical MNDO calculations, they determine the activation energies for the different possible transition states of the hydroboration reaction. With the activation energies, they can easily predict the preferred products. Semiempirical calculations with a PM3 (tm) basis set to determine the geometry and electrophilicity of the LUMO of the mercuronium ion formed when 1-propene undergoes a reaction with Hg(OAc)2 allow students to investigate the regioselectivity of the oxymercuration reaction. Using this information, they are able to explain the ratio of products obtained in the laboratory experiment. The calculation and visualization of these reaction pathways greatly enhances students' understanding of the oxidation experiments performed in the lab.
Graham, K. J.; Sloglund, K.; Schaller, C. P.; Muldoon, W. P.; Klassen, J. B. Molecular Modeling to Predict Regioselectivity of Hydration Reactions. J. Chem. Educ., 2000, 77 (3), 396.


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A Dictionary of Canadian Artists
A Dictionary of Canadian Artists, volumes 1-8 by Colin S. MacDonald, and volume 9 (online only), by Anne Newlands and Judith Parker.
This resource contains over 5000 biographical entries for Canadian artists. Most of the entries, for artists from 'A' to 'Smith', have been compiled by Colin S. MacDonald and published in his Dictionary of Canadian Artists (8 volumes. Ottawa: Canadian Paperbacks, _PHONE_). 250 entries, for artists from 'Smith' to 'Z', have been researched and written by Anne Newlands and Judith Parker. The texts are attached to the entries in the Artists in Canada database. Artists in Canada is compiled and maintained by the National Gallery of Canada Library and Archives, and hosted by the Canadian Heritage Information Network (CHIN).
In 1961 Colin S. MacDonald began documenting the biographies of Canadian artists, beginning with the letter 'A'. While planning the Dictionary of Canadian Artists, Mr. MacDonald consulted with the late John Russell Harper, former curator of Canadian art at the National Gallery of Canada. Originally conceived as a complement to Harper's published work, the Dictionary remains the only substantial biographical work on thousands of Canadian painters, engravers, sculptors, carvers and potters.
Mr. MacDonald carried out much of the research by himself using resources such as newspaper clippings, press releases, obituaries, exhibition notices and artists' resumes held in files maintained by the National Gallery of Canada Library and Archives. He also derived information from personal interviews and questionnaires.
Between 2007 and 2009, the National Gallery of Canada Library and Archives proceeded with the acquisition of the copyright in the Dictionary of Canadian Artists, the scanning of the 8 printed volumes, the compilation of the new entries, and the loading of the entire contents into the Artists in Canada database.
The project to scan the Dictionary and to compile the additional entries was supported by the National Gallery of Canada Foundation and by CHIN.
Click here to consult the entries in the Artists in Canada database.


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Tags:From the press release:
National School Counseling Week 2012, "School Counselors: Helping Students Be Brilliant," will be celebrated from Feb. 6-10, 2012, to focus public attention on the unique contribution of professional school counselors within U.S. school systems. National School Counseling Week highlights the tremendous impact school counselors can have in helping students achieve school success and plan for a career.
School counselors are actively engaged in helping students examine their abilities, strengths, interests and talents. They work in a partnership with parents as they encounter the challenges of raising children in today's world. They focus on positive ways to enhance students' social/personal, educational and career development. Also, school counselors work with teachers and other educators to provide an educational system where students can realize their potential and set healthy, realistic and optimistic aspirations for themselves.
Professional school counselors are certified, experienced educators with a master's degree in guidance and counseling. The combination of their training and experience makes them an integral part of the total educational program.
"School counselors work with all students to remove barriers to learning by addressing students' academic concerns, personal/social skills and career awareness in post-secondary options," said Kwok-Sze Wong, Ed.D., ASCA executive director. "Comprehensive school counseling programs help to increase student achievement and provide a much-needed resource for students, parents, teachers and administrators. School counselors are integral to student success."
Buncombe County Schools Director of Student Services David Thompson says, "Our counselors provide much-needed support for social/emotional and mental health needs, career guidance, and preparation of students with knowledge about career and college options. The contributions made by our counseling staff to create a safe and orderly environment in which students can learn and thrive are incredibly important to student achievement and improving our graduation rate."
Read more articles in:News


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Navigation requires both a compass and a map. Map shows the location and compass shows where to go. Black ants, living in the vicinity of Mahore in the Mediterranean coast of Tunisia, leave their nests to seek for the dead bodies of the other insects which are not as resistant to heat as they are. They come out in the heat of the desert sand with a temperature sometimes nearing to 70 degrees Celsius under the rising sun of the morning. When required, this long legged desert creature can cover a distance of 1 meter per second. Starting from its nest, a desert ant follows a twisting path of up to 200 meters in an area, frequently stopping and turning around itself.
Despite the complexity of all these zigzags, it plots a direct ]course to its nest immediately after finding its food. The significance of the job the ant achieves is better understood when considering the scarcity of signs required to find direction in a desert land.
Studies show that ants use the sky like a compass with their visual senses which are especially sensitive to the polarized light of the Sun.
Although sand scorpions which live in deserts are nearly blind, they can follow their prey or escape from the enemy with the help of sensors which are on the tips of their feet and can sense movements causing vibrations smaller than a millionth of a millimeter.
The slightest movement, such as perching of a butterfly, creates two different waves of vibration in the sand. These two waves propagate at different speeds. Comparing the arrival times of these waves, the scorpion determines the distance to its prey. The scorpion can also determine the direction of its prey precisely, comparing the arrival times of the wave with lower speed to its sensors nearest to its prey and farthest from it. Furthermore these last two signals are slightly delayed to allow the scorpion determine for an exact calculation. However the duration of the delay is shorter than an eye blink. Thus if the difference between two signals is around five percent of a second, then the scorpion waits no more than an instant to attack its prey. Each sensor of a scorpion works almost like a computer which is capable of hundreds of detections and calculations in a second. (Bilim Teknik Dergisi [Science & Technology Journal], May 1995, Issue:330, pg.69)
Perfect Flight Systems of the Insects
The different flight systems of the insects as well are magnificent examples of our Mighty Lord's art of Creation.
The monarch butterfly can fly from North America to the inner Central America. Flies and dragon flies can stay suspended in the air.
Wings of the insects have different features of Creation. Some insects have two, some have four wings. Some insects fold their wings under a protective shell, some have membrane wings, and some like butterflies have scaled wings. Each type of wing exhibits a distinct perfection.
Wing joints of insects are made of resilin which is a protein with perfect flexibility. Chemical engineers are trying to reproduce this substance in their laboratories due to its features far superior to both natural and artificial rubber.
Resilin is a material which can store all the energy applied through bending and then can completely release the stored energy back when the applied force is removed. In this way, the efficiency of resilin can reach to 96% which is a very high rate. Hence 85% of the energy spent during the uplift of the wings are stored and then reused during the pushdown of the wings.
Chest walls and muscles are created in a special form as well to allow the accumulation of energy. In this way an incredible amount of energy is created enabling vibration of the wings at a rate of 200 (honeybee), or even 1000 (midge) times per second.
And in your creation and all the creatures He has spread about there are Signs for people with certainty. (Surat al-Jathiyya, 4)


Using Class Pass As a Tier II Intervention
 (Credit: Shutterstock)
The "Class Pass" is a Tier II intervention designed for students who use disruptive classroom behavior to get out of doing academic work. The students that this intervention is suitable for are lower achieving students who tend to act inappropriately and cause a disruption so that they can escape (at least for a time) the difficult or frustrating task they are facing. Needless to say, their behavior gets in the way of their own learning, and that of their peers.
How Class Pass Works
 - Once it is agreed that Class Pass is the appropriate intervention, a student is given "X" number of Class Passes to use (and taught how to appropriately request a break) when they need an "escape".
 - The student can choose to use the passes when needed, OR to hold on to them in order to exchange them for an item, activity, or special privilege.
 - If they still have passes left at the end of an agreed upon period of time, (i.e., they've exhibited self-control and have showed positive behavior changes), they are rewarded.
 - Over time, the student gradually learns how to self-regulate their behavior and the intervention may be tapered off.
Why Does Class Pass Work?
It works because students:
 - can exercise choice by requesting their own break
 - learn to increase their tolerance for academic work
 - are able to earn access to desired reward/activity based on staying in the presence of the difficult, boring, or frustrating academic task
Best Candidates for Class Pass
The Class Pass works well for students who:
 - have low academic skills
 - are likely to engage in escape-motivated disruptive classroom behaviors
 - have a low tolerance for engaging in academic work
 - appear to become frustrated when working on academic tasks
Active Ingredients of the Class Pass
Follow these steps to set up your own Class Pass intervention effectively:
 1. Decide on the number of passes and length of time for which you will allow the student to take a break.
 2. Choose a location for the break (a designated desk, special area in the classroom, neighbor teacher's room, etc.).
 3. Identify the items, privileges, or activities that can be earned and the number of class passes needed for each one (better incentives can "cost" more!).
 4. Create the design of the pass itself and run off several to have on hand.
Instructions for Students
The front of the pass can just be a basic design, but the back side of the pass should include clear directions for the student. It's especially important to be clear on how long you are going to allow the student to be on his/her "break" and how to behave when he/she rejoins the class.
Your instructions can include something like the following:
 1. Choose a time when you need to step out of the class.
 2. Fill out one of your passes.
 3. Show the pass to the teacher.
 4. Walk to ________ (designated area/room)
 5. Have an adult sign your pass on your way back to class.
 6. Re-enter class quietly and join the activity.
 7. If you save the pass by ____ (date), earn a reward!
If you have a student that is able to only work for small periods of time before engaging in off-task behaviors, trying the Class Pass intervention may help!
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