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12:38 AM
can one express a path from source permutation to a target permutation in terms of factorials?
2 hours later…
2:42 AM
_USER_ path from source permutation to target permutation is just a permutation, and you can express that as a number "babcdefgac". To go from "abcdefgacb" to "babcdefgac" requires a minimum of 7 swaps.
_USER_ are you trying to compute this minimum?
2:53 AM
golfily, right?
I think the characters in the string not being all distinct might complicate things
d-> c, c-> a, a->g, g->f, f->e, e-> d someone told me that this cycle creates an upper bound
but they had no formal way of explaining it
> In the general case, you should simply subtract the number of cycles from the permutation length, and you get the minimum number of required swaps. This follows from the observation that in order to "fix" a cycle of N elements, N-1 swaps are enough.
Consider the permutation a b c -> b c a, which has the single 2-cycle (a->b->c); you can create this permutation in 2 swaps by swapping a <-> b and then a <-> c.
In general an N-cycle can be created with N-1 swaps, and if the permutation is a product of multiple independent cycles you just create each cycle independently.
this was the answer I was looking for. but can we frame in such a way that we the min number swaps just based on the number of characters and their repetitions?
constrained by a target string
for example
if we had a grid that was 3 by 10 and we wanted to get to some destination
can we frame that path as being some number of steps N W E
such that
the number of ways can be calculated over the total number of ways possible 10!/n! etc where n
are all the factorials of each letter which appears more than once
_USER_ actually sort of did that already. It's baked into your original statement. thank you!!
3:47 AM
I have a strange habit of saving every new page I visit to the WayBack Machine
2 hours later…
6:01 AM
It's apparently quite difficult to have three different colors for visited, unvisited, and hover that can both be recognized as distinct from each other and as separate from black and legible at all.... and look nice. I understand the reasoning here but I'm concerned that what we've got now may be the least bad option. Underlining isn't possible in markup, so there will never be black underlined text unless it's a link. Can we make this work as-is? Or are there suggestions of what to do instead? We have limited color choices with the theme... Thoughts? — Catija ♦ 34 secs ago
^^^ Please let me know what y'all think about this. I want to find a solution but I've been poking at it with Lisa and we're having a difficult time finding a better option that meets all of the needs without adding a completely unrepresented color to the theme... or using the blue from the medal... which y'all already aren't super fond of, depending on who you ask.
Even the default beta visited links are nearly black... so the only real change here for y'all is that it's green nearly black rather than blue nearly black.
6:33 AM
_USER_ Why do we need a separate colour for hover?
It's the standard on the network and... when we don't have it people sometimes ask? Also, the green used for hover looks too-bright when we try using it for visited.
We have the added problem that there's a network-wide default green on every site - the green used to indicate when a question is answered/accepted... so we have to avoid clashing with/repeating that color, too.
_USER_ Change the standard! Hovering is increasingly becoming obsolete due to touch devices, and it serves no purpose other than bling.
7:16 AM
_USER_ hm... that might have to do with accessibility issues though, especially if somebody has set the screen's contrast higher than 50% because of reduced vision, for example; I don't think it's necessary for touch devices, though, because the user directly touches the link and doesn't move another pointer to click it (unless there's a Bluetooth mouse connected to the device)
_USER_ "there will never be black underlined text unless it's a link" that would be confusing, especially for new or anonymous users who may not know what is and isn't supported as post text yet (you need pretty good vision to discern between "almost black" and black), and they might think that links are disappearing after they click them
1 hour later…
8:43 AM
_USER_ I don't get what the difficulty is. I would propose leave the unvisited and hover as they are now, just make the visited not so dark. What's the problem with that? (Honest question, I don't quite get it)
In codegolf.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/7987/…, for example, the dark colour for visited links is just fine. Dark, but doesn't look black
And the hover colour is just slightly lighter than the unvisited colour
So, something like that, but in green
First is hover, second is unvisited, third is visited, in Meta
_USER_ Especially considering that green is the color the human eye has the best sensibility for. Shouldn't be hard to find a dark green shade that's appropriate
9:09 AM
^ standard link in the middle is a bit too bright for my taste
Maybe slightly darker.
Why is orange so legible when at full brightness on white?
Because orange is the new black
9:55 AM
_USER_ I don't think that goes well with the theme tbf, it's not quite a field green
10:51 AM
_USER_ I like current green (unvisited). And it's probablhy best not to change it. My proposal is just to make current visited less dark:
The first two are as they are now
_USER_ Good point, yes
_USER_ Yeah, that's good.
_USER_ ^^^^
First and second could even be lightened a bit if more contrast with the third is needed
11:51 AM
_USER_ they're not discernible at actual text sizes. You can't judge by the bold, header size.
Why is it so important to know if you're already visited a link?
Having a visited color is one of the biggest requests I get on site design posts. When we redesigned the site layout last year, most of them got removed (accidentally). Almost every site that I realized had that happen asked for it back. People (including me) like the breadcrumbs of knowing what questions they already visited.
My browser never saves any history, so I never see visited links anyway
_USER_ I highly doubt that the bottom one isn't discernable from the middle one at smaller sizes
It's about meeting accessibility requirements. What's visible to some isn't visible to all.
_USER_ I can clearly differentiate them at 30% zoom; x-height of about 1 mm or so.
11:59 AM
_USER_ For example, the top two here are barely visibly different to me an I have excellent color vision. For others, they're identical.
Q: Find the hardest OEIS sequence to golf!
Leo TenenbaumThere have been a couple of OEIS-related questions recently, so here's another: Pick a sequence from the Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, and write a full program or function which computes the sequence in one of the following ways: It prints every term in the sequence in order It tak...
_USER_ I've just tried them with a colour-blindness simulator. All types of colour blind people should be able to distinguish them if they don't (!) use colour correction software.
Not about color blindness. People with reduced vision but who still use the site without screen readers are the people I'm talking about here.
_USER_ Such people probably have hi-contrast/magnifying settings or software.
_USER_ The top two are the current colours. I only changed the third
_USER_ Same here
12:16 PM
_USER_ I didn't say the top two are the problem... the second reference is of the orange example.
Ah, sorry
But the orange example is current meta, no?
Anyway, all we are asking (and there's strong consensus, 63/0 votes) is a slightly less dark visited link... shouldn't be a problem
It's not a problem if we don't care about meeting the guidelines for accessibility, but we do.
_USER_ So the guidelines state that visited/unvisited links must be discernible, but do not require other difference between links and non-links than the underlining?
12:23 PM
Btw, if a link doesn't contain text


text: Objective: To investigate liver enzyme abnormalities and hepatic adverse events (AEs) during long-term tocilizumab treatment for rheumatoid arthritis in clinical trials. Methods: Data were pooled from patients who received intravenous tocilizumab (4, 8, or 10 mg/kg with or without disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs [DMARDs]) in phase III or IV clinical trials, long-term extensions, and a pharmacology study. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were measured routinely in these trials. AE rates were measured per 100 patient-years of tocilizumab exposure for this pooled analysis. Results: Overall, 16,204.8 patient-years of tocilizumab exposure (mean ± SD duration of exposure 3.9 ± 2.0 years) were evaluated for 4,171 patients. ALT and AST elevations greater than the upper limit of normal (ULN) occurred in 70.6% and 59.4% of patients, respectively. ALT/AST elevations were >1–3× ULN in 59%/55% of patients, >3–5× ULN in 8.9%/3.3% of patients, and >5× ULN in 2.9%/0.9% of patients. Most elevations occurred during the first year of treatment. Single ALT/AST elevations >3× ULN occurred in 7.7%/3.6% of patients, and ≥2 consecutive elevations >3× ULN occurred in 1.9%/0.4% of patients. Elevations >3× ULN returned to normal in 80% of patients (median of 5.6 weeks to normalization). A total of 2.5% of patients withdrew from tocilizumab treatment following ALT/AST elevations. A total of 7 hepatic serious AEs (SAEs) (0.04 per 100 patient-years [95% confidence interval 0.02–0.09]) occurred in the tocilizumab studies. Conclusion: Transaminase elevations with tocilizumab were frequent, but rates of hepatic SAEs were low in this clinical trial data set. Regular monitoring, with dose adjustment of tocilizumab/DMARDs for persistent elevations, is recommended.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Coupling Multi-Component Models with MPH on Distributed Memory Computer Architectures
- Author(s): He, Yun
- Ding, Chris
- et al.
A growing trend in developing large and complex applications on today's Teraflop scale computers is to integrate stand-alone and/or semi-independent program components into a comprehensive simulation package. One example is the Community Climate System Model which consists of atmosphere, ocean, land-surface and sea-ice components. Each component is semi-independent and has been developed at a different institution. We study how this multi-component, multi-executable application can run effectively on distributed memory architectures. For the first time, we clearly identify five effective execution modes and develop the MPH library to support application development utilizing these modes. MPH performs component-name registration, resource allocation and initial component handshaking in a flexible way.


What is an Adjuster?
A Claims Adjuster is an individual assigned by an insurance company to determine the amount of compensation that is to be paid in order to settle the claim. Adjusters handle property claims, like damage to structures and vehicles, as well as liability claims that involve personal injury.
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text:
RESEARCH and innovation
Metrology and metrological competences are fundamental to the technological infra-structure of a knowledge-based society. DFM therefore conducts independent research in fundamental metrology in order to develop and maintain the national standards in the fields of mass, length, nanotechnology, electricity, acoustics, electro-chemistry, and optical radiometry.
In partnership with industry and universities, DFM participates in research projects, such as innovation consortia, EU projects, and projects financed by various national foundations.
In close cooperation with Danish universities, DFM contributes to the education of postgraduate students.
Below, we summarize our fields of research. For more details, just click on the headline for each field, or refer to the menu on the left..
The research focuses on spectroscopy, wavelength standards for optical communication systems, ultra-violet radiometry, and light source characterization.
DFM's research within electrochemistry targets the development of measurement systems for electrolytic conductivity in eg. ultra-pure water and biofuels, and secondary pH measurements. Furthermore, DFM carries out research in fundamental topics of importance to electrochemical measurements.
Our research focuses on design and modeling of measurements, and on optimal analysis of measurement data. A general, non-linear least squares method developed by DFM is used routinely in calibrations and for research or consultancy tasks.
The research within nanometrology focuses on obtaining an increasingly lower measurement uncertainty of critial dimensional parameters. One of our fields of research covers the characterization of nano particles, including methods that determine the elasticity of the particles, their photo-catalytic activity, the refraction index, their size, and finally, the biological longevity of airborne particles.
DFM focuces our research with in acoustics on primary methods for estimating the sensitivity af laboratory reference microphones in different sound fields. Other fields of research target the acoustic impedance of artificial ears, an important parameters when calibrating audiometric equipment, and the use of acousto-optical methods for the reconstruction of sound fields.


text: Impactites are formed when an asteroid or comet strikes the surface of the Earth and the impact forms a crater. The rocks of the area are blasted from the site and fall as debris. Some of the rock will be melted to one extent or another. Some melted to solid high quality glass some poorer fused into lump called Impactites and some of the rocks of the region may only be ribboned with glass. Much of the rock that is debris in the ejecta blank around the crater will be mixed material of different types. Over time this material will become new rock. Impact breccias and suevites will often be found as deposits even after the rim and basin of the crater have eroded off and filled in. Impactites are one type of melted material distinct from tektites in that it has not flown great distance but remains at the impact site. Some Impactites have bits of the impactor incorporated into them. Metallic spheres of metal meteorite are sometimes found in Impactites. Impact crater rocks is a broader category of material to collect.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Apple polyphenols are chemicals found in apples.
Apple polyphenols are used for obesity, hay fever, high levels of cholesterol or other fats (lipids) in the blood (hyperlipidemia), and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses.
How does it work?
Apple polyphenols are antioxidants. Apple polyphenols also seem to block fat and cholesterol from entering the body and slow the production of fat and cholesterol. This may allow them to lower cholesterol and help with weight loss.
View References
© Therapeutic Research Faculty 2020.


text:
Nuclear Technology / Volume 168 / Number 3 / December 2009 / Pages 752-757
Heavy Ion Transport / Special Issue on the 11th International Conference on Radiation Shielding and the 15th Topical Meeting of the Radiation Protection and Shielding Division (PART 3) / Radiation Measurements and Instrumentation
The n_TOF facility, a spallation neutron source, uses a pure lead target to produce neutrons with a 20-GeV proton beam extracted from the CERN Proton Synchrotron. After 4 yr of operation and [approximately]3 yr of cooling, the present spallation target is damaged and was moved to its provisional storage place in the n_TOF service gallery and will be later transferred to a Swiss repository. In this study, to deal with the removal and storage of the lead target, detailed isotope production and residual dose rate calculations were performed with the FLUKA Monte Carlo code. The study further includes a detailed analysis of three-dimensional residual dose rate fields around the target and through the installation pit. It addresses critical design parameters for the new target and successfully compares the simulation results to recently available measurement data. FLUKA allows residual dose rates to be calculated using two different approaches: a one-step approach that simultaneously takes into account production and decay (built-in) and a two-step approach that allows for flexible geometries between the isotope production and sampling of the decay products (customized). This work shows the clear advantage of performing Monte Carlo calculations prior to interventions and waste disposal and the importance of a detailed description of all the installation components, a complete chemical composition inventory, and a correct irradiation profile.


Question: Who Was The Very First Pharaoh Of Egypt?
How did God send Moses to Pharaoh?
One day, when he was in the desert, Moses heard the voice of God speaking to him through a bush which flamed but did not burn.
At first, the Pharaoh refused to let the Israelites leave, then God unleashed 10 plagues on the Egyptians..
Who was in Egypt first?
Did Pharaoh believe in God?
Who was pharaoh during Moses?
Who named Egypt?
What skin color were ancient Egyptian?
Does Egypt have a king?
What is the oldest dynasty in the world?
How was the first Pharaoh chosen?
Who was the first pharaoh of Egypt's first dynasty?
MenesThe first king, according to Manetho's chronology, was Menes who has come to be identified with the pharaoh once thought to be his successor, Narmer.
Who was the last pharaoh of ancient Egypt?
Cleopatra VII PhilopatorBy the time of the last pharaoh, the well-known Cleopatra VII Philopator (c. 69-30 BCE) of the Ptolemaic Dynasty, the title no longer held the power it once did, fewer monuments were erected and, with her death in 30 BCE, Egypt became a Roman province and the glory and might of the pharaohs of old faded into memory.
Which Pharaoh killed babies?
Which pharaoh was mentioned in the Quran?
MusaThe Quran states that Musa was sent by Allah to the Pharaoh of Egypt and his establishments and the Israelites for guidance and warning. Musa is mentioned more in the Qur'an than any other individual, and his life is narrated and recounted more than that of any other prophet.
Who was the first White Pharaoh?
PtolemyPtolemy was pharaoh of Ptolemaic Egypt from 305/304 BC to his death….Ptolemy I SoterBornc. 367 BC Possibly Pella, MacedonDiedJanuary 282 BC (aged 84–85) Alexandria, Egypt12 more rows
Who is king of Egypt now?
Muhammad AliExternal linksRegnal titlesPreceded by Farouk AghaPrince of the Sa'id 16 January 1952 – 26 July 1952Vacant Title next held by Muhammad AliTitles in pretenceLoss of title Monarchy abolished— TITULAR — King of Egypt and the Sudan 18 June 1953 – presentIncumbent Heir apparent: Muhammad Ali3 more rows
Who was the first and last pharaoh of Egypt?
List of pharaohsPharaoh of EgyptStyleFive-name titularyFirst monarchNarmer (a.k.a. Menes)Last monarchNectanebo II (last native) Cleopatra and Caesarion (last actual) Maximinus Daia (last to be referred to as Pharaoh)Formationc. 3100 BC8 more rows
Who ruled Egypt after the Romans?
The End of Roman Egypt Over time the city of Rome fell into disarray and susceptible to invasion, eventually falling in 476 CE. The province of Egypt remained part of the Roman/Byzantine Empire until the 7th century when it came under Arab control.
What did the Pharaoh say to Moses?
Who was the first female pharaoh?
HatshepsutDid you know? Hatshepsut was only the third woman to become pharaoh in 3,000 years of ancient Egyptian history, and the first to attain the full power of the position.
Which Pharaoh was drowned in the Red Sea?
Who first believed in one God?


text:
What is a juvenile offender in NY?
A child who is 13, 14, or 15-years-old and is charged with committing a serious or violent felony offense listed in Penal Law 10.00 (18), is considered a Juvenile Offender. Juvenile Offender cases can be transferred to Family Court if the Court determines that the transfer would be in the interests of justice.
Who is defined as a juvenile offender?
noun. law. a child or young person who has been found guilty of some offence, act of vandalism, or antisocial behaviour before a juvenile court.
How does New York define juvenile delinquency?
A Juvenile Delinquent is a child between ages 7 and 15 who has committed an offense. All juvenile delinquency cases are heard in Family Court. A youth who is 13, 14 or 15 years old and has committed a very serious felony, may be tried as an adult in the New York City Supreme Court.
How old is a juvenile offender?
Young offenders aged 10 to 17 (i.e. up to their 18th birthday) are classed as a juvenile offender. Between the ages of 18 and 20 (i.e. up to their 21st birthday) they are classed as young offenders. Offenders aged 21 and over are known as adult offenders.
How old is a minor in NY?
A minor, in New York State, is defined as a person who is under eighteen (18) years of age.
What is the legal definition of a juvenile?
A "juvenile" is a person who has not attained his eighteenth birthday, and "juvenile delinquency" is the violation of a law of the United States committed by a person prior to his eighteenth birthday which would have been a crime if committed by an adult.
Does juvenile mean child?
Juvenile is defined as someone who is still a child. An example of juvenile is a ten year old girl. The definition of juvenile is something having to do with children or young people. A young person; child or youth.
What does the juvenile delinquent mean?
Juvenile delinquent, any young person whose conduct is characterized by antisocial behaviour that is beyond parental control and subject to legal action.
What is a status offense for a juvenile?
A status offense is a noncriminal act that is considered a law violation only because of a youth's status as a minor. 1 Typical status offenses include truancy, running away from home, violating curfew, underage use of alcohol, and general ungovernability.
What crimes do youth offenders commit?
The types of offences that are perpetrated by juveniles Certain types of offences (such as graffiti, vandalism, shoplifting and fare evasion) are committed disproportionately by young people. Conversely, very serious offences (such as homicide and sexual offences) are rarely perpetrated by juveniles.
What causes youth crime?
Social environment has long been recognized as the major cause of the youth crime, which include school environment and community environment. The problem of youth crime is not alone but a part of the whole society. That is to say the violence of youth is part of the violence of adult.
What is Youthful Offender status?
Youthful Offender. Youthful offender is a status granted by a judge to a person 18 years or older and younger than 21 who has been charged with a criminal offense.
What is a youthful offender?
A youthful offender is a child, or person under the age of legal adulthood, who commits a crime. For example, in many places, a youthful offender is a person who commits a crime while under the age of 18. A minor may be guilty of committing a crime for acts that are considered criminal at any age or for acts that are only illegal for minors.
What is a juvenile repeat offender?
Repeat Offenders. Repeat offenders are also known as "life-course persistent offenders." These juvenile delinquents begin offending or showing other signs of antisocial behavior during adolescence. Repeat offenders continue to engage in criminal activities or aggressive behaviors even after they enter adulthood.


text:
WebMD Medical News
Louise Chang, MD
Nov. 11, 2008 -- Some people who think they're at low risk for heart disease might be surprised about what a neck ultrasound could tell them about their hearts.
Today in New Orleans, researchers presented new data showing that people at the upper end of the "low risk" range for heart disease might actually be at higher risk than expected, and that a neck ultrasound would show that risk.
The finding comes from a study of more than 13,000 adults with no history of heart disease or stroke.
Each patient got an ultrasound scan of their carotid arteries, which bring blood from the heart up through the neck to the brain. The point was to gauge the thickness of the carotid artery walls; thicker walls could mean plaque buildup, a cardiovascular risk factor.
The patients were followed for nearly 14 years, on average. During that time, 1,601 patients -- 12% of the group --- had their first heart attack or other cardiovascular "event."
Roughly 31% of those heart events occurred in patients who were at the upper half of the low-risk range, based on age, gender, cholesterol levels, diabetes, hypertension (high blood pressure), and smoking.
Heart events were much rarer among patients at the lower end of the low-risk range; only 16% of them had their first heart event during the study.
The researchers -- who included Vijay Nambi, MD, of Baylor College of Medicine in Houston -- suggest that ultrasound tests could help determine who's truly at low risk and who might need preventive therapies.
In August, other researchers suggested that repeat carotid artery ultrasounds might be useful for monitoring high-risk patients.
SOURCES:American Heart Association's Scientific Sessions, New Orleans, Nov. 9-11,
2008.WebMD Health News: "
Repeat Ultrasounds Predict Heart Risk."News release, Baylor College of Medicine.
The Health News section does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. See additional information.


text:
Stories of positive action from around the world
Story numbers correspond to those in the Report.
Enhancing capacity for monitoring, research, and intervention
16.8: Mexico – using evidence to reform the national health system
At the time of the health system reform in Mexico in 2000, half of Mexican families, most of them poor, had no protection against the financial consequences of ill-health. The reform of the Mexican health system invested heavily in the generation and application of knowledge. National health accounts showed that more than half of all health expenditure in Mexico was out-of-pocket. As a consequence, many households were driven below the poverty line or forced deeper into poverty. This evidence created public awareness of a reality that had hitherto been outside the policy debate – namely, that health care itself could become a direct cause of impoverishment.
Major legislative reform was undertaken to establish a system of protection in health and was approved by all political parties in the Mexican Congress. The new public voluntary scheme, called Seguro Popular, came into effect on 1 January 2004. It will expand until universal coverage is achieved in 2010. Periodic national income and expenditure survey analyses show a reduction in the number of households affected by catastrophic health-care payments and a major increase in the use of early detection services for several non-communicable diseases. Source: MEKN, 2007a


text:
In April 2020, as children in China started returning to school after COVID-19 closures, an ancient hat from the Song Dynasty came back into fashion. At a primary school in Hangzhou, pupils donned handmade headgear that they fashioned out of paper, balloons, and other crafts, with protruding arms that spanned one meter. These eccentric hats were intended to help them adjust to social distancing measures, the South China Morning Post reported, and they were modeled after hats once worn by Chinese officials. Photographs of the students have been circulating on the internet, and so has a popular legend: that the hats were designed to keep officials away from each other, so that they couldn't whisper and scheme with one another.
According to a scholar of art history and Asian studies, however, the "social distancing" function of the Chinese hats is rooted in "an unfounded speculation." Jin Xu, an assistant professor at Vassar College, writes in an email, "Modern scholars trace the origin of the rumor to a 13th-century Chinese scholar who's known for his shoddy scholarship."
The original headwear was made of somber black cloth and was called futou, or more specifically zhanjiao futou—zhanjiao meaning "spreading feet or wings." Early futou were simple cloths wrapped around the head, and wearers eventually padded them with wood, silk, grass, or leather, writes the scholar Mei Hua in Chinese Clothing. In the Tang Dynasty (618-907), as futou gradually took on the appearance of a more fitted, structured cap, officials began adopting them, adding two long wings made of stiffened ribbons.
Futou became a common accessory during the Song Dynasty (_PHONE_), although most of them had less cumbersome extensions—more feet than wings. People of all classes wore these hats, and there were five styles that individuals donned, according to their status or for various occasions, notes Liu Fusheng in A Social History of Medieval China.
"Some warriors wore the 'curved-feet futou' or 'flower-like futou with feet curved backward,' or the 'cross-feet futou,' and musical instruments players in the imperial music office liked to wear the 'long-feet futou,'" Liu writes. "On some special occasions, such as longevity ceremonies held for the royal family or imperial court banquets, officials would pin flowers on futou … And there were lustreless futou and white crêpe futou worn at funerals."
The shape of the wings indicated the wearer's rank, and the longest were reserved for the emperor and other high-ranking officials. Yu Yan—the hapless scholar who first speculated about the "social distancing" function of these hats—made his dubious claim in his four-volume text, The Pedantic Remarks of the Confucians. The purpose of futou, he scribbled, was "perhaps to avoid [the officials] whispering to each other when having an audience with the Emperor," Liu writes.
The futou that Yu Yan described were likely made of plain or lacquered muslin, with extended ribbons that were reinforced with iron wires or bamboo strips. One style of wings was particularly narrow and long, "projecting as much as two feet from either side of the wearer's head," Alexandra B. Bonds, a professor of costume design at the University of Oregon, writes in Beijing Opera Costumes: The Visual Communication of Character and Culture.
Variations on futou cropped up during the Ming Dynasty (_PHONE_), but new headwear entered the court after the Manchus took power and established the Qing Dynasty (_PHONE_). Since that time, the hat has resurfaced in paintings and theatrical costumes, and different versions of it can still be spotted on stage during Beijing Opera performances. "The wings are mounted on springs, and the actor can make them quiver to expand their expression," Bonds writes in an email. "Each style represents rank or sometimes personal characteristics."
Individually crafted and embellished, the hats of students in Hangzhou are similar expressions of personality and style. Bonds adds that she's delighted by how the pupils have repurposed this object from their cultural heritage. "Whether the headdress was originally intended to prevent courtiers from plotting sedition or not, the wings certainly would have precluded private conversation," she says. "They can serve the same purpose today by reminding the students of the space required for social distancing, while also teaching them about their history, and giving them an art project. What more could a teacher want from an assignment?"


text:
In C++, polymorphism lets a variable refer to objects of different data types. The only catch is that the different data types must be members of the same inheritance hierarchy and they must be lower in the hierarchy than the variable's data type. The cool part is this ability lets the same instruction behave differently, based on the actual object's data type instead of the variable's data type.
Consider the hierarchy of the UML class diagram in Figure 1. Here, I have derived the Manager and Salesperson classes from the Employee class. This lets me use an Employee pointer to point to an Employee, Manager, or Salesperson object.
The following code is an attempt at polymorphism:
Employee* pEmp = new Manager; cout << *pEmp << endl;
However, this attempt fails since the code does not invoke the Manager's insertion operator (<<) as I intendedit invokes the Employee's insertion operator. This happens because the indirection operation (*) is performed first, so *pEmp returns the data type of the pointer. In this case, because pEmp is an Employee pointer, the *pEmp operation returns the Employee data type in spite of pointing to a Manager object. After *pEmp is done, the function call is matched using the Employee data type. Consequently, the Employee's insertion function is matched and not the Manager's function as intended.
In C++, polymorphism normally requires virtual methods. Because only methods can be inherited, many programmers think the insertion (<<) and extraction (>>) operators cannot display polymorphic behavior because these operators are implemented as nonmember friend functions. However, there are several ways of making these operators polymorphic. In this article, I compare and contrast three different techniques.


Vectis is an accessible instrument
From music education to music production, the Vectis is an innovative way to create music.
The Vectis is a pressure-sensitive device that can be operated using the feet or other extremities, turning movement into action. From providing accessible music education to extending creative interaction, the Vectis is a novel way to engage in music.
Accessible interaction
Vectis was conceived by Alternate Devices' founder after a life-altering injury left him with a limited ability to use a keyboard or mouse. The Vectis was developed to be an easy-to-use, dynamic input peripheral that enables fast interaction with modern user interfaces.
Access to music is not universal - while music is a vital part of education and therapy, many people do not have the ability to engage in the art. The Vectis provides an accessible way to create music.
Like many innovations borne of an accessibility need, the Vectis has applications beyond the AT space. As a device that talks MIDI and OSC, it finds use among artists who create music using the latest electronics.
The Vectis allows anyone to create music
No software required
The Vectis is a pressure-sensitive device that responds to a variety of gestures. Touch-based input on the device enables users to interact with most music software, from commonplace offering such as GarageBand, to more advanced tools like Ableton and Cubase. Through standard USB or Bluetooth interfaces, the Vectis can talk to MIDIand OSC-enabled software.
Touch and go
The Vectis is designed to "just work." It is compatible with any Windows, macOS, or Linux computer, as well as Android phones and tablets, and the iPhone and iPad, with wireless battery-powered operation. Customization is possible through a web page.
Web-based configuration
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Giant Grouper is protected in Australia - and that's the way it should be. Years of overfishing throughout the world has reduced the breeding population forcing the International Union for Conservation of Nature (ICUN) to list the species as vulnerable.
Every few years, The Company One, collects a limited number of wild specimens from North Queensland waters and carefully transports them back to the breeding facility in Cairns where they are introduced as broodstock.
What happens next is a delicate process. Once spawned from the broodstock, the eggs float to the top of the tank and are collected, sorted for quality, and taken to the hatchery. Twenty four hours later the little giants hatch. They remain in the larval stage for approximately 40 days and are fed a diet of mainly live food to match to their nutritional requirements. They are then transported to the nursery where they stay for approximately two to four weeks depending on the sizing requirements of the farms. Finally, the young fish are transported internationally, and domestically to grow-out facilities where they mature to market size.
Egg to Plate 500x280
Broodstock - The broodstock facilities are located in a specially controlled environment that allows the broodstock to spawn every month. The Grouper broodstock spawn in excess of 200 million eggs per annum.
Broodstock 1 480x370
Broodstock 2 480x370
Live Feed - The world class live feed facility cultures copepods, rotifers and artemia which are the high nutritional value live feed that the fish larvae consume and digest. The Company One is the only company in Australia that cultures and grows all of its live feed. The technological advances achieved within the centre are resulting in significant increases to larval survival, vigour and growth rates.
Live Feed 1 480x370
Live Feed 2 480x370
Hatchery - The controlled hatchery environment cultivates consistent fingerling production. The larval cycle from egg to fingerling takes 35 - 45 days. Fingerlings are weaned onto pellet food around day 35 and transferred to the nursery when they reach 20mm - 25mm.
Hatchery 1 480x270
Hatchery 2 480x270
Nursery - The specialised recirculating aquaculture system enhances fingerling growth. Fingerlings stay in the Nursery for 14 days (50mm) to 35 days (100mm) ready for transfer to grow-out facilities.


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In the ever-evolving landscape of cinema, the debate between preserving the authenticity of old films and enhancing them through modern technologies rages on. The allure of classic black-and-white movies, like the 1947 film noir "Out of the Past Colorized," is undeniable. However, the advent of AI software for colorization has sparked a new chapter in film history, offering a fresh perspective on these timeless masterpieces. In this exploration, we delve into the intricate web of "Out of the Past," directed by Jacques Tourneur, and the mesmerizing journey of bringing it to life in color.
Jacques Tourneur's "Out of the Past Colorized" stands as a quintessential film noir masterpiece that has enthralled audiences for decades. Released in 1947, this atmospheric thriller weaves a tale of love, betrayal, and intrigue, establishing itself as a benchmark in the noir genre. The film stars the iconic Robert Mitchum as Jeff Bailey, with Kirk Douglas portraying the enigmatic Whit Sterling and Jane Greer embodying the seductive femme fatale, Kathie Moffat.
The film unfolds as Jeff Bailey, a gas station owner with a mysterious past, is drawn back into the shadowy world he thought he'd left behind. Whit Sterling, a menacing figure from Jeff's past, tasks him with finding Kathie Moffat, a woman with a dark secret. As the plot thickens, loyalties blur, and alliances shift, "Out of the Past Colorized" keeps audiences on the edge of their seats.
The visual allure of "Out of the Past Colorized" owes much to the masterful cinematography of Nicholas Musuraca. His use of black-and-white photography elevates the film to an atmospheric realm, capturing the essence of noir with stark contrasts and shadows that become characters in themselves.
As technology continues to advance, the debate over colorizing old films gains new momentum. The process involves transforming the grayscale images into a spectrum of colors, a task that was once labor-intensive and subjective. With the advent of AI software, colorization has become more precise, breathing new life into the classics.
The introduction of color to a film like "Out of the Past" may raise eyebrows among purists. However, it's essential to evaluate the success of the colorization process in maintaining the film's original aesthetic. The colorized version allows audiences to experience the noir world in a new light, enhancing the visual appeal without compromising the essence of the narrative.
The ongoing debate surrounding colorization touches on the very soul of classic cinema. Does the addition of color enhance or diminish the viewing experience? Critics argue that colorization risks altering the intended mood and atmosphere of these films, while proponents see it as a gateway to introducing classic cinema to younger audiences who may find black-and-white less accessible.
"Out of the Past" not only holds a special place in the annals of film noir but also boasts an ensemble cast that contributed to its enduring legacy. Robert Mitchum's portrayal of Jeff Bailey remains a benchmark in noir performances, while Jane Greer's Kathie Moffat and Kirk Douglas's Whit Sterling add layers of complexity to the narrative. Rhonda Fleming's supporting role further solidifies the film's place in cinematic history.
Beyond the colorization debate, the broader issue of film preservation comes to the forefront. Digital remastering techniques have allowed us to restore and maintain the integrity of old movies while introducing them to a new generation of viewers. Striking a balance between preservation and innovation becomes crucial in ensuring these cinematic treasures stand the test of time.
As technology evolves, so does the potential for enhancing classic films. Machine learning algorithms hold the promise of more accurate and nuanced colorization, ensuring that the essence of the original works remains intact. Beyond colorization, innovative technologies may offer new ways to engage with classic films, providing audiences with immersive experiences while respecting the director's artistic intent.
In the clash between black-and-white purity and the allure of colorized classics, "Out of the Past Colorized" emerges as a compelling case study. The film, with its timeless narrative and stellar performances, transcends the medium. As we navigate the intersection of old films and modern technologies, it becomes evident that both black-and-white and colorized versions contribute uniquely to the rich tapestry of cinematic heritage. Embracing these diverse forms ensures that the magic of classic cinema continues to captivate audiences, old and new, for generations to come.


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Historic WA early settler weather journals set to help understand climate change
By Tyne Logan
Pages of a weather journal from 1981
The handwritten journals, dating back to the 19th century, offer a detailed picture of Perth's weather.(
Supplied: National Archives of Australia - Perth
Weather journals kept by Australia's early settlers, detailing daily observations decades before official record keeping began, are expected to shed light on weather variability in one of the world's climate change hotspots.
The handwritten journals, dating back to 1830, provide a detailed picture of weather events in Perth.
It is likely to be the oldest near-continuous record of daily weather observations in the southern hemisphere, made complete by a recent discovery of journal entries between 1880 and 1900.
Work has now started on digitising the data from the most recently discovered journals, with Climate History Australia launching a citizen science project to secure help transcribing 60,000 journal entries.
A painting of the swan river from 1829
The first settlers arrived in Perth in 1829 and soon after began recording daily weather observations.(
Supplied: National Gallery of Australia
Historical climatologist Linden Ashcroft, who is a part of the Climate History Australia project, said the faded black ink notes — written in neat cursive handwriting — were more than just "beautiful" pieces of history telling the story of people living close to two centuries ago.
They also provided insight into contemporary weather patterns and how unusual they were.
Four figures in silhouette standing on headland watching sunset amid red sky
Many parts of the country have experienced record-breaking temperatures.(
ABC News: Andrew O'Connor
"You know that climate in Australia is dominated by swings between drought and flood," she said.
"While 120 years of [Bureau of Meteorology records] sounds like a really long time, in terms of statistics it doesn't really give us a huge number of drought or flooding periods to work with."
Perth a climate change 'hotspot'
The effects of climate change on Perth make the journals particularly significant, with the city located in a region recognised by some climatologists as having been hit by climate change harder than almost anywhere on earth.
Climate scientist Joelle Gergis, who is also working on the project with Climate History Australia, said since 1970 rainfall in the region had decreased by 28 per cent.
Dr Joelle Gergis sits on a rock
Joelle Gergis says the records will offer insight into climate events pre-industrialisation.(
Supplied: Australian National University
"This record from Perth is really globally significant because it provides us with an opportunity to find out what the pre-industrial climate was like in Australia before we started to alter the chemistry of the atmosphere and the ocean with the burning of fossil fuels," she said.
Observations 'light up' the state
Dr Ashcroft said the Perth observations would allow them to "piece the puzzle" together, not just in WA but potentially further afield.
"If you imagine a map of observations in the past, where you don't have observations it's really dark," she said.
Early weather data — some also dating back to 1830s — had also been gathered from Cape Town in South Africa, along with New Zealand and South America, but a lot of it was patchy.
It is not known specifically who authored the historic weather journals, but Dr Ashcroft believed it was likely they were done by a professional.
She said the journals from 1830 to 1875 were generally from the Perth survey office , and the _PHONE_ entries from the Botanical Gardens.
It is hoped the digitisation work being done through the citizen science project will finished in the coming months, allowing researchers to thoroughly analyse the data.


Yasmin Nair
Why Hate Crimes Legislation Is Still Not a Solution
Filed By Yasmin Nair | April 29, 2011 8:30 AM | comments
Filed in: Politics, Transgender & Intersex
Tags: Crissy Lee Polis, hate crimes legislation, Maryland, McDonalds, transgender
The brutal assault on Crissy Lee Polis in a Maryland McDonald's has led to a long attack.pngand sustained conversation here and elsewhere about how best to seek solutions to the ongoing problem of harassment and violence inflicted upon trans and queer-identified folk.
The immediate response from many in the LGBTQ community has been to demand that this be treated as a hate crime. Equality Maryland has already made a public statement to that effect, and Polis herself has insisted that it is one.
There can be no doubt as to the viciousness of the crime, but is using the mechanism of hate crimes legislation really the answer to preventing such incidents? I've written, in various pieces on The Bilerico Project and elsewhere about the dangers of hate crimes legislation (HCL), and the new book, Queering (In)Justice: The Criminalization of LGBT People in the United States details the many problems with HCL. Among them: the prison industrial complex already unfairly targets people of color, queer, and gender-non-conforming people for incarceration. Those picked up via HCL are disproportionately people of color and economically disenfranchised. Furthermore, hate crimes legislation does little to nothing to actually discourage crime.
Two groups I work closely with, Against Equality and Gender JUST, have always had strong statements against HCL. At AE, we believe that "...measures like hate crimes legislation and the increased policing of 'our' neighborhoods puts the most vulnerable among us in jail for perpetuity, and it makes the oppressive structures of prison a more insidious part of our lives instead of dismantling them." Gender JUST believes "in community alternatives to hate crimes legislation and opposes all policies which rely on the Prison Industrial Complex, which is inherently racist and heterosexist."
Several other organizations have been or are coming out against HCL. A recent Colorlines piece by Jamila King, titled "Weighing Solutions to Hate Crime After Brutal Baltimore Attack," is about the Sylvia Rivera Law Project's stance on HCL.
Here in Chicago, the Transformative Justice Law Project clearly declares itself an organization devoted to prison abolition and transformative justice, along with gender self-determination. The first two positions in particular are antithetical to the principles of HCL.
In New York, the Audre Lorde Project did not support the 2009 Gender Employment Non-Discrimination Act because it contained an attachment to HCL and said as much in a widely circulated letter on the issue, co-signed by Queers for Economic Justice, SRLP, FIERCE, and The Peter Cicchino Youth Project.
Black and Pink released a compilation of critiques of HCL which is an especially useful reminder of the problems with assuming that the prison industrial complex can actually be of any help to those already most violently affected by it.
Every one of these groups works with and includes gender non-conforming, trans, and/or queer people, and fully understands the extent of the violence to its members, so it's especially significant that they have taken such strong positions on the matter. On the streets of cities like Chicago or in small-town USA, queer and gender-non-conforming people without the economic safety nets and invisibility granted by middle or upper class status are the most likely to be targeted by the PIC for made-up crimes like "loitering," and "intent." As Queer (In)Justice amply demonstrates, when it's the word of a person of color against a white gay man in a "hate crime," the POC is the one most likely to be charged and indicted. Why should we queers trust that such a deeply racist and classist system will actually be of any help to us?
The violence against Polis was a hateful, vicious, and brutal crime for which there can be no excuse. But there are already legal remedies in place for such crimes: there are punishments for brutality and for murder. To assume that extended penalties and/or the death penalty - often invoked as a threat, often a punishment that can come directly into play in such cases - will end violence is to assume that its perpetrators have some kind of narrative in place as they set about maiming and killing us.
Instead, it makes more sense to come to terms with a difficult fact: that the hatred against queer and gender-non-conforming people which incites such brutality is about a deep-seated hatred of the overturning of codes and performances to which people are strangely and deeply cathected, and it's a hatred that flares up without meaning or the comfort of narrative and deep-seated intention. It's true that kind of hatred sometimes becomes an excuse for violence: "I was so deeply disturbed that I couldn't help but beat/kill him/her."
But HCL only presents a way for us to forget that the senseless violence of which we are constantly made aware is exactly that: senseless and brutal. In the end, HCL grants us nothing more than the cold comfort of extended prison sentences or death - in effect, extending the very violence that we claim to abhor.
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Seriously? There were already laws to protect transgender and transsexual folks from hate? This is a tired argument that is usually used by those that want to commit hate crimes against us. If there were laws that already covered this then why did the President of the United States sign a hate crime law? Why? Because it wasn't covered.
There is a huge difference between an assault that happened due to an argument and one that happened because of how someone looks. I know that this law will not 'protect', directly, those of us who needs it but it will make people think twice before they assault me because I am transsexual. And justice will be served by them spending another decade in prison for it.
No - I wrote that there are already laws against the violence committed in these crimes. There can be no laws against hate because you can't legislate against an emotion.
The fact that the President of the US signed a hate crimes law only means that he's colluding with the prison industrial complex and scoring easy points with those who are pushing for HCL. Presidents regularly sign all kinds of problematic laws into effect - including ones that push us to engage in unjust wars, for instance. Surely, by now, we understand that a Presidential seal is hardly a sign of justice.
As the many sources I've indicated above amply prove, there's plenty of evidence that HCL does not deter crime but is used against the already marginalised amongst us, and that those most likely to be incarcerated/penalised by it are also themselves gender-queer, gender-non-conforming, people of colour and the most economically marginalised.
But the racism, classism, heterosexism and cissexism in law enforcement is not a function of HCL and isn't caused by it. It's already there, and opposing HCL won't make it go away, so I don't see how that's a valid argument against HCL.
I agree. People already attack and kill us because they think they can get away with it.
The idea that people opposed GENDA because of HCL disgusts me; it's putting priority on violent attackers over people who are trying to get jobs and homes.
Jay Kallio | April 29, 2011 8:54 AM
Personally, I never thought of hate crime legislation as anything but a useful stepping stone to try to put an end to lynchings, targeting of minorities where entire bigoted communities would conspire to destroy vulnerable people. I have a personal bias in this issue, having been persecuted, repeatedly assaulted, and nearly blinded by the KKK as a teenager. I fought for hate crime laws with the hope that someday they would have outlasted their usefulness, which is simply as a tool to raise public awareness that hate based on bigotry will not be accepted or ignored, and will carry huge penalties. If hate crime laws have prevented the victimization of innocent people, I am very glad we worked so hard to get them on the books. It is hard to calculate how many crimes have not happened because they were a deterrent.
I don't see how rolling back the hate crimes legislation that so many of us who have been assaulted and maimed fought and sacrificed for years to win is going to remedy the problem that imprisoning people is profitable for privatized prison facilities. It doesn't address the real problem. They need to keep prisons full, because they are being paid per capita. Their overhead stays the same, so they need every cell full to make money. Ugly truth.
Privatization of public services is the problem, which causes unfair levels of imprisonment of vulnerable people, as well as refusal to provide health care services to the poor, financing of horrific weapons of war, etc. It is an across the board problem that might be partially remedied by going to the source: campaign finance regulations that allow the rich to buy our government and subvert democracy, and make money by contracting their profiteering services wherever they can get away with it. We will not see any change until we have restricted public financing of political campaigns. Then we can get our prison system, health care system, defense department, etc., into reasonable condition that actually serves the public good, not the profits of huge corporations.
My concern with your analysis is that since rolling back hate crime legislation will not in any way affect the profit incentive to incarcerate people, they will simply use other laws to disproportionately incarcerate people.


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What Is a Circle Spoke Diagram
What is a Circle Spoke Diagram? It is a diagram which has a central item surrounded by other items in a circle. The Circle Spoke Diagrams are often used to show the features or components of the central item in marketing and management documents and presentations.
ConceptDraw DIAGRAM extended with Business Diagrams Solution from the Management Area is the best software for creating Circle-Spoke Diagrams.
Example 1. What Is a Circle Spoke Diagram?
What is a Circle Spoke Diagram and what tools offers the ConceptDraw DIAGRAM software for drawing them? The Business Diagrams Solution provides the extensive drawing tools, a set of predesigned templates and samples, and Circle-Spoke Diagrams library with wide variety of different ready-to use shapes for drawing the Circle-Spoke Diagrams in seconds.
Example 2. Circle-Spoke Diagrams Library Design Elements
You can design your diagram in new document using the ready shapes or choose any desired Circle-Spoke Diagram sample from the offered in ConceptDraw STORE that meets your requirements and change it for your needs.
Example 3. Circle-Spoke Diagram - CASA Exposition
The Circle-Spoke Diagrams you see on this page were created in ConceptDraw DIAGRAM using the Business Diagrams Solution. They illustrate what is a Circle Spoke Diagram and how to create it in ConceptDraw DIAGRAM. An experienced user spent 5 minutes creating each of them.
Use the Business Diagrams Solution to design your own professional-looking Circle-Spoke Diagrams of any complexity fast and easy.
All source documents are vector graphic documents. They are available for reviewing, modifying, or converting to a variety of formats (PDF file, MS PowerPoint, MS Visio, and many other graphic formats) from the ConceptDraw STORE. The Business Diagrams Solution is available for all ConceptDraw DIAGRAM or later users.
TEN RELATED HOW TO's:
ConceptDraw DIAGRAM diagramming and vector drawing software extended with Physics solution from the Science and Education area is a powerful software for creating various physics diagrams.
Physics solution provides all tools that you can need for physics diagrams designing. It includes 3 libraries with predesigned vector physics symbols: Optics Library, Mechanics Library and Nuclear Physics Library.
Picture: Physics Symbols
The vector stencils library Aircraft contains clipart of aerospace objects, transportation vehicles, office buildings, and ancillary facilities for ConceptDraw DIAGRAM diagramming and vector drawing software.
Picture: Aircraft - Design Elements
For documenting the Cloud Computing Architecture with a goal to facilitate the communication between stakeholders are successfully used the Cloud Computing Architecture diagrams. It is convenient and easy to draw various Cloud Computing Architecture diagrams in ConceptDraw DIAGRAM software with help of tools of the Cloud Computing Diagrams Solution from the Computer and Networks Area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
Picture: Cloud Computing Architecture Diagrams
When we think of an hierarchy, we intuitively imagine a pyramid. Thus, a lot of management tools use pyramid charts as examples or illustrations of various documents or models. You can create any type of triangle diagram using ConceptDraw DIAGRAM.
A triangle (pyramid) diagram is often used in marketing to show the data hierarchy. This pyramid diagram represents the Top Brand Model. It illustrate the model of rebranding strategy. It can be used by marketing agency dealing with rebranding strategies development. It's critical for marketing diagrams to be both clear and eye catching. ConceptDraw Pyramid diagrams solution meet all these requirements and can be successfully applied for creating and presenting various marketing pyramidal diagrams.
Picture: Pyramid Chart Examples
The Rapid UML Solution from the Software Development area of ConceptDraw Solution Park helps you to create the UML Class Diagrams quick and easy using ConceptDraw DIAGRAM diagramming and vector drawing software.
Picture: UML Class Diagram Tutorial
ConceptDraw DIAGRAM is a powerful tool for business and technical diagramming.
Software Development area of ConceptDraw Solution Park provides 5 solutions:
Data Flow Diagrams, Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD), Graphic User Interface, IDEFO Diagrams, Rapid UML.
Picture: Software Diagram Examples and Templates
ConceptDraw DIAGRAM is the best program to make workflow diagrams. With the new Arrows10 technology it brings features allow you make workflow diagrams faster then ever before. These features allow you to focus on thinking, not drawing, that makes ConceptDraw DIAGRAM the best program to make workflow diagrams.
Picture: Best Program to Make Workflow Diagrams
Complexity of databases increases day by day, due to this the Entity relationship models and E-R diagrams become more and more popular, and now are an important part of database design. E-R diagrams created at ConceptDraw DIAGRAM allow visually and graphically represent structure and design of databases.
Picture: E-R Diagrams


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Differentiation often starts with marketing, but it comes alive in the selling process. Even if your agency's products and services are superior to all others, it means nothing if you can't convey that to your buyers.
Differentiation often starts with marketing, but it comes alive in the selling process. Even if your company's products and services are superior to all others, it means nothing if you can't convey that to your buyers.
Differentiating in sales is more than a good pitch—you need to differentiate in the right areas. Here are seven tips to differentiate in the selling process:
1) Differentiate in the right areas. Sales winners differentiate in four areas:
- Yourself: What's the value of working with you? How can you help a buyer achieve their goals?
- Your offerings: What makes your products and services stand out from others on the market?
- Your company: How reputable is your company and what kind of results have other buyers achieved?
- The buyer's results: What does success look like for your buyer? Does it mean less hassle for them? A good return on investment? Something else?
2) Create distinction and scarcity. Differentiation has two major components: overall distinction and the perception of scarcity. Ask a buyer why they chose one provider over another and there's usually a collection of distinctions that ultimately made one stand out. However, these reasons aren't always consciously known to the buyer.
The sellers who win are often the ones who help buyers see what's possible and bring new ideas to the table. When a buyer perceives that something is scarce, it stands out to them, and they tend to desire it more when it's difficult to find.
3) Ditch the unique selling proposition (USP). Many sellers are told they must build and practice perfect delivery of their USP. However, USPs don't account for the buyer's situation, and sellers can rely on them too much.
Often, USPs aren't very unique anyway; one sounds much like the next. Most importantly, they're often not the reason a buyer actually buys. It's far more important to understand your buyer's needs. If your USP helps you get a foot in the door, great, but you'll also need to do your research and craft a compelling solution based on your market position.
4) Proactively reach out to buyers. If you're not proactively looking for sales opportunities, you can guarantee that the buyers who reach out to you already have a solution in mind—and they've likely already made their own judgments and compared you to other organizations. The earlier in the buying process you can reach buyers the better.
5) Base conversations on the buyers' experiences. Early in the selling process, sellers get asked, "How are you different?" Often, the answers aren't great. When you answer, remember that differentiation implies comparison and it's up to the seller to ask, "In comparison to what?"
Do this and you'll create a conversation. The resulting conversation will be much richer than a rehearsed answer and will likely present additional areas in which you can separate yourself from your competition.
6) Practice what you preach. If a key point about your value and differentiation is responsiveness, be responsive. If you're responsive in the selling process and the other sellers aren't, the buyer will assign that value to your company. The other company's delivery teams may claim to be responsive too, but you'll create the perception that your company really is more responsive if you model the behavior.
7) Remember that you make a difference. Not only are you important in winning the sale, but you're also important for ongoing buyer loyalty. People are more willing to buy from people they like. Be genuinely helpful and reliable, and you'll find yourself winning more meetings—and more sales.
Mike Schultz is president of RAIN Group.


Grammatically forra is the third person in the conjugation of the verb torar. to cover is a transitive verb which means to cover something to protect or conserve it.
Colloquially forra is often used in aspects of money, for example, when someone gets rich. Example:
 - In that night job one prayed for money.
In Argentina forra is an unintelligent person, it can also be used to describe the treatment of certain people to others, such as with disdain, contempt or a person who does not inspire confidence, example:
 - Malena is an forra, she spoke ill of Maria behind her back.
Other contexts that the word forra can have are:
 - Person who is easily manipulated.
 - Selfish person, or who acts with bad intentions.
 - Sarcastic person.
Synonyms of Forra
 - Bootlicker
 - Boludo
 - Cover
 - Bad
 - Killjoy
In Chile forra is used to refer to the physical appearance of a woman.
Forra in Portuguese translated into Spanish is to cover, synonym of torar, verb from which the word forra in Spanish derives.
It should be noted that in grammar we are going to find that Forra is a feminine noun, which has its masculine counterpart that is lining and this will have very different concepts in different Spanish-speaking countries.


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|Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute||Home|
In this interdisciplinary unit I plan to help my students develop an understanding of art as a highly adaptable vehicle for self-expression through the exploration of and experimentation with the many styles and the more elementary techniques employed by the well-known Pop artist, Andy Warhol. Although it is designed for first-graders, I am confident that it can be adapted for older students.
This unit is divided into four sections. In Section One students will learn about the Pop Art Movement in which Andy Warhol was a leading figure. We will look at art created by Pop artists as well as by Abstract Expressionists. In Section Two students will learn about the life of Andy Warhol using children's books and a Readers Theater play about his life. In Section Three students will explore the use of both line and color in art. In Section Four students will try their hand at creating a number of artworks, imitating some of Andy Warhol's techniques.
(Recommended for English Language Art, grades 1-6)


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Xenorhabdus bacteria (γ-proteobacteria: Enterobacteriaceae) have dual lifestyles. They have a mutualistic relationship with Steinernema nematodes (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) and are pathogenic to a wide range of insects. Each Steinernema nematode associates with a specific Xenorhabdus species. However, a Xenorhabdus species can have multiple nematode hosts. For example, Xenorhabdus bovienii (Xb) colonizes at least nine Steinernema species from two different phylogenetic clades. The Steinernema-Xb partnership has been found in association with different insect hosts. Biological and molecular data on the Steinernema jollietiXb strain SS-2004 pair have recently been described. In particular, the Xb SS-2004 bacteria are virulent alone after direct injection into insect, making this strain a model for studying Xb virulence. In this study, we searched for Xb strains attenuated in virulence. For this purpose, we underwent infection assays with five Steinernema spp.- Xb pairs with two insects, Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The S. weiseriXb CS03 pair showed attenuated virulence and lower fitness in S. littoralis in comparison to the other nematode-bacteria pairs. Furthermore, when injected alone into the hemolymph of G. mellonella or S. littoralis, the Xb CS03 bacterial strain was the only non-virulent strain. By comparison with the virulent Xb SS-2004 strain, Xb CS03 showed an increased sensitivity to the insect antimicrobial peptides, suggesting an attenuated response to the insect humoral immunity. To our current knowledge, Xb CS03 is the first non-virulent Xb strain identified. We propose this strain as a new model for studying the Xenorhabdus virulence.
- Galleria mellonella
- Spodoptera littoralis
- Xenorhabdus bovienii
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics


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|resources:||Home Installation Source Bugs Screenshots Roadmap RGTP URLs|
HOWTO: add a new protocol to Mozilla
STILL BEING WRITTEN.
Prerequisite: Some idea about component-based architecture, and XPCOM in particular.
Overview: This document gives an overview of the process needed to implement a new protocol handler in Mozilla, so that you can make it recognise new kinds of URL. (For example, you might invent a protocol called
penguin. Then users would be able to retrieve some kind of document by entering URLs such as "
You do this by creating two components: a protocol handler and a channel. The protocol handler is Mozilla's one-stop shop for information about your protocol. When the user asks for a URL from your protocol, Mozilla will ask the protocol handler to return a channel, which is a component which can be repeatedly polled to retrieve more and more of the document.
I'm not an expert. This document may contain mistakes, though I hope it doesn't. If you find any, please let me know.
Note about Archangel: Archangel's back end is a component
_USER_.org/archangel/client;1, with the interface
nsIReverseGossip. This means that all the details of RGTP are kept separate from the implementation of the
rgtp: protocol, which lives in the file
archangel-protocol.js. You might like to follow through that file as you read this document.
The protocol handler in detail: Define a component with the contract ID
So in our example:
This component should implement nsIProtocolHandler, which involves implementing these attributes and methods:
- Returns a channel which can serve the document which uri points at. See below for how to make the channel.
nsIURI newURI(original, charset, baseURI)
- Returns an nsIURI object created from a string. Mostly you can just instantiate an _USER_.org/network/standard-url;1 and let it do the work for you. If baseURI is set, the string is relative to another URI, which is a pain in the neck.
- The default port number assigned to the protocol. (Of course, users can pick their own port numbers using the
:portsyntax in the URL, but this is what they get if they don't.) If port numbers don't make sense with this protocol, either use -1 or use a dummy value. (Venkman's protocol "
x-jsd" uses 2206, a reference to Ghostbusters).
- The name of this scheme, the same as protocol in the contract ID. (I'm not sure why this is needed, because you already know the protocol if you've got this far. But there it is.)
- Sum whichever of the following are relevant:
Identifier Value When to use
1 This protocol can't serve up documents which contain relative links.
2 This protocol has no concept of usernames or passwords.
4 Socks proxies (or, if
ALLOWS_PROXY_HTTPis also set, HTTP proxies) know how to deal with this protocol. If you set this, but you don't set
ALLOWS_PROXY_HTTP, your component will need to implement nsIProxiedProtocolHandler as well, which is beyond the scope of this document.
ALLOWS_PROXY. If you set this, you must set
boolean allowPort(port, scheme)
- The user can request an unusual port by adding
:portafter the hostname in the URL. However, there are certain ports that Mozilla usually won't let the user request for security reasons. This lets you override that and let the user make a request on a potentially unsafe port.
The channel in detail: The channel doesn't have to have a contract ID, because it's never requested by name, only supplied by protocol handlers. It should implement nsIChannel, though if you want to do anything particularly funky you may want to descend a new kind of channel (like nsIFTPChannel) with any extra stuff you need.
The methods and attributes you need to implement are the ordinary nsIChannel ones:
void asyncOpen(listener, context)
- This should make listener (an nsIStreamListener) the place to send bits of the document as they come in. You should call its
onDataAvailablemethod, passing in the new pieces of data. (context also gets passed in that call, unchanged.)
- Don't bother implementing this. It's optional, can't be used in a lot of places, and callers will always use asyncOpen() instead if this isn't present. Instead, just throw
- The length of the data that's coming in, if you know, or -1 if you don't.
- The MIME type of the data that's coming in.
- The charset of the data that's coming in, if applicable. (What format is this supposed to be in?)
- The URI used to construct this channel. You can return the one that was passed to the protocol handler's
- The owner of this channel. Not sure what good this is. Seems to work if you return null.
- Something to do with progress indicators and so on. Still trying to find out what. Seems to work if you return null.
- Don't know. Can anyone tell me? Works if you return null.


Heavy rain and hailstorms hit parts of the UAE
Warning issued as water floods wadis in eastern areas of the country
A screengrab from Thursday afternoon shows a band of rain sweeping across the UAE from the East. Courtesy Windy.com
Thundershowers accompanied by hailstorms lashed the northern and eastern regions of the UAE on Thursday evening flooding stretches of roads and filling up wadis.
The National Centre of Meteorology issued an alert cautioning people to be aware of bad weather conditions through the evening.
The rain caused flooding on motorways leading to towns including Hatta and Khorfakkan and created mini waterfalls on nearby rocky hills. Residents posted videos of themselves scooping pebble-sized hailstones from the side of the road, on social media.
The bureau shared videos of water gushing through the wadis near Masafi, Khorfakkan and Ras Al Khaimah, warning that heavy rains were expected to continue.
Hail and heavy rain was even reported in Al Ain and downpours are expected to continue throughout the weekend.
Authorities routinely caution residents against driving to valleys to watch the rain, for fear they get swept away by flash flooding.
The winds of up to 40kph whipped up dust and reduced visibility in coastal and hilly areas of the country.
This week, a sudden storm caused flooding across Dubai. Drivers were forced to contend with low visibility and hazardous road conditions as pools of water formed on highways throughout the emirate.
How does hail form in the summer?
It may seem like an unlikely pairing, but hail can be common to countries that fall between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn during the summer.
This is because surface temperatures are warm enough to promote the instability associated with strong thunderstorms but the upper atmosphere is still cold enough to support ice.
Hail forms when strong currents of rising air, known as updrafts, carry water droplets high enough that they freeze.
A particularly strong updraft can allow the hailstones to grow large enough that they do not melt by the time they fall back and reach the ground.
Once they grow large enough to begin falling, the can drop as fast as 140kph, causing some damage when they land.
Published: October 10, 2019 05:52 PM
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Superagüi National Park is located on the northern coast of Paraná State, in southern Brazil, and is part of Iguape-Cananéia-Paranaguá estuary complex. The park is totally contained in Guaraqueçaba municipality, Paraná State. However, Paranaguá and Cananéia municipalities are also adjacent to the park. The park limits are within the latitudes 25º12'23"S and 25º29'19"S and longitudes 48º01'24" W and 48º20'36" W.
The park is a total of 33,988 hectares and is made up of two islands (Superagüi Island makes up 41% of the park and Peças Island makes up 27%), the continental portion (19%), and the aquatic estuary environment and smaller islands like Pinheiro and Pinheirinho (the remaining 13%). Peças Island's topography is completely flat. Superagüi Island presents three elevations: Morro do Superagüi, Morro das Pacas, and Morro do Canudal, although the elevation differences are not significant. There is higher elevation on the continental portion; Bico Torto is the highest point at 575 m above sea level. Superagüi Island was originally a peninsula but became an island after a canal was built. The canal, Varadouro Canal, now separates the continent from the island. It was originally constructed to facilitate the boat trips between the towns of Cananéia and Paranaguá, to promote commerce (Vivekananda, 2001).
The climate classification of the region, according to Köppen, is Cfa or humid subtropical. The summer is hot; the highest temperatures occur in January (26.1o C is the monthly average); the coldest month is July (16.3o C is the average). Frosts are an uncommon occurrence. The annual precipitation is approximately 2,500 mm (IPARDES, 1990); there is no clearly defined dry season.
The park shelters estuarine environments, mangroves, caxetais, lowland forests, sub-montane forests, and arboreal, herbaceous and shrubby restingas. In addition, there is approximately 35 km of beautiful, pristine beaches with little or no human presence.
Superagüi mangroves and estuaries
Superagüi lowland forests and submontane forests
Superagüi restingas and pristine beaches
According to Dinerstein et al. (1995), 49% of Superagüi National Park is located in Serra do Mar Coastal Forest Ecoregion, and 41% is classified as Ilha Grande Mangrove Ecoregion. The remaining 10% is made up of the aquatic estuarine environments.
Map showing the two ecoregions of the park, Serra do Mar coastal forests and Illha Grande mangroves (Map produced by Gustavo Gatti, ParksWatch-Brazil/Fundação O Boticário)


prior to the filter being applied. As a result, the entire columnstore index was scanned, resulting in a hefty amount of IO and a long wait.
At first glance, it would appear that this performance is unnecessary. SQL Server should be able to determine the minimum effort needed to retrieve data from a large columnstore index first, and properly weigh that against the comparatively tiny dimension tables. This is a common problem and one that can be programmatically solved by avoiding unnecessary joins or leaning MORE on the columnstore index and less on dimension tables. This particular query can be simplified easily to remove this problem:
This brings us back to 32 segment reads while returning the same results. Interestingly enough, the poorly performing query earlier can be "optimized" by adding an aggregate:
This method is cringe-worthy and is not a real optimization 😊 It highlights ways in which the optimizer can hit odd breakpoints that tilt it between good decisions and bad decisions.
Joined tables can incur unnecessary costs even when not used. Consider this example:
The following is the IO for the query:
No columns are returned from the City table, but it is scanned anyway. This is not as big of a surprise as the last performance bomb that was unearthed above. INNER JOINs to a table force the joined columns to be read, even if not needed elsewhere in the query. This is no different than similar queries against OLTP tables. This can exacerbate performance problems related to columnstore indexes as seen previously.
If the City and Employee tables are removed from the 40-second query from earlier, then runtime is reduced to 10 seconds:
This is still painful, but indicative of how joins (necessary or not) can impact the performance of a columnstore index.
Joins and Lookups: Forcing Good Performance
The easiest workaround to these challenges is to retrieve the data needed from the columnstore index first with as few filters and joins as possible. This methodology is not very ORM or app-friendly but can help make important analysis run exceptionally fast.
For example, if there was a need to report on a specific set of customers and the columnstore index query was performing poorly, an easy fix would be to preselect the customer list, similar to this:
In this example, a very specific filter is applied to the Customer dimension. Once applied, the resulting customer keys are stored in a temporary table for use against the columnstore index.
Note that this is typically a reactionary approach. If a report or analytic process is exceptionally slow, then moving metadata searches to a separate query and feeding the results into the columnstore index will often improve performance. I would not recommend proactively implementing changes like this as it does add complexity to the script. Instead, save it as a tool to be used when needed.
This technique is not unique to the OLAP world and can be useful in complex OLTP queries to reduce the size and complexity of a query and encourage better performance from the query optimizer.
Columnstore Indexes and Memory Usage
Like OLTP indexes, all data to satisfy a query needs to be read into the buffer cache prior to being used by the execution engine. Because columnstore indexes are not updated as frequently as OLTP tables, the data that is read into memory can remain there compressed and untouched for an extended period of time. Compounding this, the high compression ratios achieved in columnstore indexes allow more data to reside in the buffer cache for longer, assuming no memory pressure exists.
The combination of these columnstore indexes and OLAP attributes is that memory becomes a key component of columnstore index performance. The following are the storage details for the columnstore index used thus far in this article:
The entire index contains 105 million rows that are squeezed into only 430MB. This is small enough that an entire partition (or even the entire index) could reside in memory for reporting purposes at all times.
Real-world columnstore indexes will typically be much larger than this, to the point where the entire index remaining in memory is not feasible, but we can plan appropriately for memory sizing so that an adequate amount is available to service analytic queries.
Consider a hypothetical production analytic data store with the following details:
 - 10 billion rows of data spread over 5 years (2016-2020)
 - 20 columns in the table, including an ordered date dimension
 - Data is partitioned by quarter based on the date dimension.
 - A single rowgroup of 220 rows consumes 10MB of space.
Based on these details, we can calculate the necessary metrics to assess memory consumption by this index and plan accordingly:
This table contains 20 partitions, each of which has 500 million rows. Each partition contains 477 rowgroups that consume 5GB of space apiece.
Let's say the most common reporting needs are:
 1. Report on current year revenue, which requires aggregating two decimal(20,4) columns and one integer ID columns and filtering by date.
 2. Report year-over-year revenue for the current quarter, which requires two decimal columns and one integer ID column for the current quarter and the same quarter in the previous year.
 3. Report on all metrics aggregated for the current quarter.
These represent very common reporting needs that read current data most frequently and older data less and less. These requests can each be evaluated, and a memory estimate created that allows us to understand how to keep our most commonly queried data in cache indefinitely:
 1. Four columns are needed: This represents 1/5 of the columns in the table and therefore approximately 1/5 of the data. Therefore, one year of data for these four columns will require about 4GB of data. As long as 4GB of memory are free for use by this columnstore index, then the data can remain in memory for an extended period of time and service this query effectively.
 2. The same four columns are needed from query #1 above. This again represents 1/5 of the columns in the table and therefore approximately 1/5 of the data. This time, only two quarters are needed, rather than a full year, one of which is already accounted for in the first query, and the older one which is querying older data. To maintain the data needed by this query, 2GB of data are required, of which 1GB is already included in the first query above.
 3. This query requires the entire current partition, all 20 columns, which requires 5GB, of which 1GB is already accounted for in the previous queries, and 4GB represents new data not already in cache.
The end result is that approximately 6GB of memory are needed to maintain all data required by these queries in cache indefinitely.
Determining the overlap from the above math is a bit convoluted, and most administrators would make an educated estimate, add additional headroom, and move on, rather than attempt the precise calculation. If this were my table and if allocating memory were my responsibility, I'd start with 10GB and budget to add another 2GB per year in the future.
Assuming this memory expenditure is acceptable, then reporting on these metrics will be exceptionally fast as all segments required will remain in memory and rarely need to be read from storage. Reading columnstore index data from memory is exceptionally fast when compared to scenarios where data needs to be read from storage into the cache first.
The key takeaway from this discussion is that query patterns can affect memory consumption, therefore influencing how much computing resources should be allocated for an analytic data store. Understanding query patterns can allow smart decisions to be made with regards to capacity planning and ensuring that important analytics perform as optimally as possible.
How data is queried has a profound impact on performance, indexing needs, and capacity planning.
While columnstore indexes typically perform impressively well, they may choke on more complex queries. Being able to troubleshoot these problems and rewrite queries to be more modular can significantly improve performance by optimizing data retrieval from the large columnstore index and managing smaller dimension lookups separately.
Memory allocation can also be determined based on common query patterns, allowing a server to maintain more than enough cache to service common/critical queries. Since columnstore index data changes far less frequently than OLTP tables, most segments can remain in memory for a long time, with only the newest data being added on a rolling basis.
Combined, these concepts can further improve columnstore index performance and allow analysts and administrators to query large data warehouses or OLAP data stores exceptionally fast.


Is your fabric knit or woven?
Knit vs woven fabric
Knits on top and in blue, wovens on the bottom and in green
What is the difference and why does it matter?
It helps to know the difference between knit and woven fabrics because they each have their own 'world' when it comes to making the fabric and then making garments with them. Many fabric suppliers often specialize in one category or the other. If your fabric is a knit, you can't source it from a wovens only supplier, and vice versa. When it comes to manufacturing clothes, factories often also specialize in handling either knits or wovens, though some places do handle both. The needles, threads, and handling in sewing are different from one category to the other. For example, if you are making a legging, you are going to want knit fabrics and a sewing plant that can handle that stretchy material well.
Take a close look at your fabric. Can you see if the yarns (the threads that make up the fabric) are crossed or looped? Looped fabric is knit like the image shown here in blue, and crossed fabric is woven like the image shown in green. The knit loops often look like tiny rows of braids while the woven looks more like a basket. The knit is also made from one continuous yarn while a woven is made from lots of separate yarns.
If it's too small to see the construction of the fabric, try the stretch test. Does the fabric stretch easily width-wise? If it it does, that's called 2-way stretch because it stretches left to right and back. If the fabric is a 4-way stretch, it will have stretch lengthwise as well. If the fabric feels rigid when you pull on the length or width, then there's a good chance it is woven. Make sure you are not pulling on a diagonal because a woven will have some give that way. It's called the bias; it's a 45-degree angle to the main warp (vertical) and weft (left-right) lines. The bias is great for making fabrics looks drapey and flowy on body, but also uses up more fabric on the cutting table and therefore costs more.
You can also try the wrinkle test and the fray test. Wad your fabric into a tight ball and release it. Does it relax back to its original smooth state? Or does it hold some of the wrinkles? Knits will relax back and wovens often stay a bit wrinkled. It's just the nature of the materials. For the fray test, you'll need to cut your fabric and find a single yarn or yarns and pull on them. If they come off in tiny loops or one continuous strand that unravels like a sweater, you've got a knit. If the yarns pull out in a straight line, it's likely a woven.
Still not sure? You can email a garment pic & a close up pic and I may be able to tell from the photos. Just reach out on our short consulting form here to start a conversation - _URL_
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Sheheke's Wife, Yellow Corn
Sheheke's Wife, Yellow Corn (1807)1
by Charles Balthazar Julien Fevret de Saint Memin
Pencil and charcoal on paper; 21-1/4 by 15-1/4 inches.
According to an observer at a New Year's Day celebration at Washington City in 1807, Yellow Corn had "pretty features, a pale yellowish hue, bunches of ear-rings, and her hair divided in the middle, a red line running right across from the back part of the forehead."2
1. The artist himself erroneously labeled the portrait, at the left edge, jeune indienne des iowas du missoury--"Indian girl of the Iowas of the Missouri." Ellen G. Miles, Saint-Memin and the Neoclassical Profile Portrait in America (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1994), 434–35.
2. Ibid., p. 146.


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Emojis are an important part of communication in social media and can be used to express a wide range of emotions. From sexy to serious, there are a lot of different emojis that you can use.
Wearing emoji-themed clothes is a great way to show off your style and express yourself. We have a huge range of emoji-themed clothing including T-shirts, hoodies, tops, dresses and more!
The Yin-Yang symbol, a classic of '90s jewlery and streetwear designs, has been making a comeback in recent collections. The icon, which has been reimagined by brands such as Paloma Wool and Staud, has taken on a more philosophical role.
This ancient Chinese symbol symbolizes good and bad. Taoists believe that everything in the universe contains both Yin and Yang, meaning that both sides are connected.
In modern culture, Yin and Yang are often used in relation to the Indian religions of Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism and Jainism. The Wheel of Dharma, or Om symbol, is a symbol that is also sometimes used to represent these religions.
These Yin-Yang streetwear emojis are an easy way to bring the philosophy into your wardrobe. The symbol can be emblazoned on top of a simple t-shirt or worn as a bold accessory, like a pair of mules from Paloma Wool.
These Yin-Yang emojis are available in a range of colors and sizes, so you can find a style that suits your personal tastes. You can even get these Yin-Yang emojis printed on a variety of different materials, including T-shirts, shorts, jackets and jeans.
Recycling is an act of breaking down and reusing materials that would otherwise be thrown away. It is a way to conserve natural resources and energy. It also helps to produce new products in a less polluting manner than making them from raw materials. Examples of recycled items include paper, aluminum cans and plastic bottles. During the recycling process, old materials are shredded and heated to turn them into a slurry or pulp. After this, they are processed and used to make new items such as paperboard or polystyrene foam. Occasionally, these items are reused for other purposes as well. For example, computers and batteries are often re-purposed. This allows the recycler to remove harmful chemicals and recover some valuable materials from electronics boards. This is a vital public service that encourages more people to recycle and reduces the amount of waste that ends up in landfills.
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Azul Zulu Guarantee: Certified Non-Contaminating
Azul understands the protection of your intellectual property (IP) is critically important when choosing an open source offering, and you can rest assured knowing that your IP is protected when using Zulu. As a customer of Zulu Enterprise or Zulu Embedded, you may have access to specific builds of Zulu® OpenJDK which have undergone formal certification and verification to ensure that including, embedding and/or distributing Zulu in your products does not contaminate your products' IP or code with license requirements (including but not limited to the source code disclosure requirements of GPLv2).
How Does Azul Guarantee Non-Contamination?
Every commercial Zulu binary is 100% open source, but importantly many builds are also verified to ensure non-contamination. Through the use of specifically developed tools and analysis techniques, Azul scans and analyzes the more than 7 million lines of OpenJDK sources and the full set of build artifacts and object materials that are produced from the OpenJDK sources, including intermediate and dynamically-generated source files. This analysis covers all topological paths and relationships between any code that might run on the resulting Zulu build and all internal components. Azul verifies that the relationships between the multitude of open source and third-party licenses that exist in OpenJDK used by Zulu and any code that may run on Zulu will not result in contamination, and do not impose any requirements or restrictions on licensing of the code that runs on the Zulu JDK or JRE.
Our license verification processes and tools ensure that your Java code is never contaminated by GPL or any other licenses that could require placing extra restrictions on the use or distribution of your code, forced sharing of your code under some specific terms, or mandate the purchase of additional third-party licenses.
What are the Key Components of our Analysis?
- In the process of certifying each specific Zulu binary package, Azul performs a detailed analysis of each build artifact.
- This analysis tracks and identifies any and all binary or object material that is accessible for linking by programs that may execute using the specific Zulu binary package.
- The specific source code used to produce each accessible binary or object material portion is identified, and the copyright and licensing associated with that source code are identified and classified.
- The detailed relationships and all possible topological paths between the various parts of the code and their respective licenses are fully analyzed.
- The result of this formal process is the assurance and verification that linking with the accessible APIs of the specific Zulu binary will not cause IP contamination.
Getting Your Questions Answered
We understand how important avoiding license contamination is for any business that sells or distributes software that contains open source components. Our Product Management and Legal teams can work with you and your organization to address your concerns fully, and explain the strength and rigor of our processes and our guarantees. To get started, just drop a note to your Azul representative or contact Azul at _EMAIL_.


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Serialization is the process of converting the state of an object into a form that can be persisted or transported. The complement of serialization is deserialization, which converts a stream into an object. Together, these processes allow data to be easily stored and transferred.
The.NET Framework features two serializing technologies:
Binary serialization preserves type fidelity, which is useful for preserving the state of an object between different invocations of an application. For example, you can share an object between different applications by serializing it to the Clipboard. You can serialize an object to a stream, to a disk, to memory, over the network, and so forth. Remoting uses serialization to pass objects "by value" from one computer or application domain to another.
XML serialization serializes only public properties and fields and does not preserve type fidelity. This is useful when you want to provide or consume data without restricting the application that uses the data. Because XML is an open standard, it is an attractive choice for sharing data across the Web. SOAP is likewise an open standard, which makes it an attractive choice.
In This Section
- Serialization How-to Topics
- Lists links to How-to topics contained in this section.
- Binary Serialization
- Describes the binary serialization mechanism that is included with the common language runtime.
- XML and SOAP Serialization
- Describes the XML and SOAP serialization mechanism that is included with the common language runtime.
- Serialization Tools
- These tools help develop serialization code.
- Serialization Samples
- The samples demonstrate how to do serialization.
- Contains classes that can be used for serializing and deserializing objects.
- Contains classes that can be used to serialize objects into XML format documents or streams.