text:
Name: Aya A1-Kanany Analyze "The Way up to Heaven" by Roald Dahl. Write a text of 400-500 words (in addition to the 180 1 have written already). Feel free to add more literary elements (point of view, tone etc. ) if appropriate. Remember to include examples from the short story (=proof) to support your views. Use the short story on pages 25-32 and the "Understanding short stories" on pages 305-306 for help. Good luck! 0 1.
Write an introduction which includes the title, the author, when it was published, a short summary in one sentence or two, and the theme of the short story: Roald Dahl _PHONE_) is the author of the short story the Way up to Heaven. The story was published for the first time in the New Yorker in 1954, and was included in his collection Kiss Kiss in 1960. Dahl was fascinated by the strange and macabre and his stories often had a twist ending. He had a special kind of black humor and saw abnormalities in people. The way up to heaven is an example of this.
It is about a dysfunctional couple. 2. Write a paragraph about the plot and the setting in this short story: The story is set in New York in the 1950s. It is about Mrs. Foster who gets very nervous by the hought of being late and about her husband who seems to torment her by coming late on purpose. Mrs. Foster changes toward the end of the short story. She decides to leave her husband in danger (stuck in the elevator) and travels to Paris for six weeks without helping him. The main conflict in the way up to heaven is that Mrs.
Foster is living an unhappy life. Write a paragraph where you describe the main characters and their relationship: In my opinion, the main character is Mrs. Foster, because she is the one we read most about, for instance how she acts, what she thinks etc. All her life Mrs Foster had feared missing a train, a plane or a boat. In other respects she was not particularly nervous but the thought of being late would make her so nervous that she would began to twitch, that shows how she acts and how nervous she becomes of being late.
As well as it is written Mrs Foster was and always had been a good and a loving wife. For over thirty years, she had served him loyally and well. Mrs. Foster is a dynamic person because she totally changes, it stands her expression had suddenly altered. There was no longer that rather soft and silly look. A peculiar hardness had settled itself upon the features. The little mouth, usually so flabby, was now tight and thin, the eyes were bright and her voice carried a new tone of authority.
After the climax, she becomes a new woman. She becomes stronger and cooler. Mr. Eugene Foster is seventy years old and he is rich and careless. We get to know Mr. Foster's name, but not Mrs. Foster's name, that proves that she is something he owns. On page 27 on the second line, it stands diminutive but still quite dapper old man. He torments Mrs. Foster, by always being late a minute or two and his attitude is unreasonable. yet whenever they were to go somewhere he was Just a minute or two late. The relationship between Mr. nd Mrs Foster Is not good I ney speak to eacn otner very rarely; oTten tney speak to tne butler and they tend to meet in the hallway. 3. Write a paragraph where you discuss the theme of the story and your personal opinion: I think that the themes of the story are a dysfunctional couple, unhappy life and oppression. In my point of view, Mrs. Foster has an unhappy life with Mr. Foster. He torments her knowing that she becomes nervous only from the thought of being late. 4. Write a conclusion where you sum up your ideas and opinions which you have already mentioned: I think the story is very well written.
Furthermore the suspension you get starting from where she is afraid to miss the plane, never really fades before it becomes unclear where her husband is. Toward the end it is suggested that he is stuck in the elevator since there are so many clues for that. I think the title fits the story very well. It refers to how Mrs. Foster feels after part five as well as it can be an ironic symbol for Mr. Foster's death. 5. Write down your sources (such as your textbook): The only source I used is the book. I used the short story the way up to heaven a lot, to referee to what I have written.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
If a space has curvature, then the curvature can be seen intrinsically by finding sums of angles in triangles made of geodesics. Under general relativity, space-time is curved on local scales. On global scales, experiments have determined that space-time is almost totally flat. If one were to, for each of three points in a gravitational gradient (like near a black hole), find the angle between the sight lines to the other two points and then add up all of the angles, would it add up to 180 (degrees) or perhaps it would show intrinsic curvature?
Is the way of thinking about this good, because it is quite general and conceptual. I don't actually know the equations for general relativity, but this is what I thought of when I was thinking about intrinsic geometric properties.
share|improve this question
I think that there is a problem in this view: in GR we are not dealing with Riemannian metrics, but instead with Lorentzian ones. That is, the signture of the metric is "(-,+,+,+)". The notion of "angle", something that varies between 0 and \Pi and denotes the inclination of one direction with respect to the other, is good for Riemannian metrics. There is no sense (as far as I know, please someone correct me if this is not true) in talking about this kind of angle in Lorentzian manifolds. – Ronaldo Oct 19 '10 at 21:00
What is well-defined is the "hyperbolic angle" between two time-like vectors, but this is another thing. Maybe you can look at a Riemannian submanifold (with a positive-definite metric) to analyze angles, but I don't know if this helps. – Ronaldo Oct 19 '10 at 21:01
_USER_: Now looking at the comments I think I have just done what you had in mind :) Greets – Robert Filter Jan 18 '11 at 14:36
1 Answer 1
your question tackles some basic concepts of general relativity and hence pseudo-Riemannian manifolds. To answer the several parts your question, we will have to go a little into detail.
Limiting behaviour of general relativity
First of all, I have to confess that you somehow got the limiting behaviour of Einstein's theory of gravitation the other way round.
Locally, you will always be able to construct a Minkowski spacetime with metric $$\eta = -c^2 dt^2 + d\mathbf{r}^2$$ such that your original spacetime metric $$g=\eta + \text{higher order terms}_{ij}dx^i dx^j$$ is kind of Taylor expanded locally. This linearization works pretty well for "normal life" gravitation and you can explain gravitational waves or get Newtonian gravitation. How good a linear approximation can be will tell you the value of the scalar Riemann curvature $R = R^a_{\,a}$.
For long-range interactions, this picture fails as a Taylor expansion will be more and more inaccurate. Then, you have to take the full theory into account and can, under further assumptions, explain things corresponding to cosmology.
Measuring angles
First of all, we have to make a simplification. If you would assume that you want to measure the angles of your triangle on a dynamic spacetime, you would have some conceptual problems defining how to return to the point where you started, and, maybe worse: what is an angle then?
So, it is convenient to assume that you want to do that in a stationary spacetime. That means there exists a local isometry of the metric $\varphi$ and a corresponding Killing field $\xi = \dot{\varphi}(\tau)$ which is properly parametrized, say $g\left( \xi,\xi \right) = -c^2\,\forall\tau$, $$\varphi^\star g = g$$
Now we can define something like an ordinary angle which I guess you had in mind. Consider the metric $$\tilde{g}\left(X,Y\right) = g\left(X,Y\right) - \frac{1}{g(\xi,\xi)}g\left(\xi,Y\right)g\left(\xi,X\right)$$ which only takes the spatial part of the scalar product of the vectors $X$ and $Y$, then you can assign an angle $\theta$ to these quantities in the usual sense as $$\cos \theta = \frac{\tilde{g}\left(X,Y\right)}{\sqrt{\tilde{g}\left(X,X\right)\cdot\tilde{g}\left(Y,Y\right)}}$$
Now you have to think of what $X$ and $Y$ should be. Since you want to compare these quantities at three different points, you will have to parallel transport them between these points using a geodesic motion, again in the 4D setup.
Light geodesics will be totally different from e.g. human ones. So, generally, the angles will depend on how you transport.
So, DarthPickley, if you have a light ray travelling on the event horizon of a Schwarzschild black hole, what would be the sum of the angles of a corresponding "triangle"?
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This seems a bit overly complicated - it would make a lot more sense to me to define a triangle (not necessarily 'the' triangle!) between three points A, B, and C as being described by chosen geodesics between A and B, between B and C and between C and A (of course, if any of these sets are empty then there is no such triangle!). Stationarity ensures that we can speak only about the spatial portions of the metric and not the temporal portions (which I think was the poster's intention), and then all the quantities are well-defined... – Steven Stadnicki Jan 18 '11 at 18:45
e.g., as the two geodesics meeting at A should each have well-defined tangent vectors at A barring some sort of metric shenanigans, then you can define the angle of the triangle at A; this quantity is scalar and so transports trivially, and so you can add the three angles of the triangle. – Steven Stadnicki Jan 18 '11 at 18:46
_USER_: Thank you for your thoughts - I am not sure if I get them correctly, though. Assuming you are in a dynamic spacetime you can go from A to B to C on some geodesic. How do you go to A from C? It wont be possible with respect to causality. So you will have to define an equivalence class of points A - but in a dynamical spacetime this construction will be due to a certain gauge - your angle will depend on this as well. I wanted to leave out these things for simplicity. Greets – Robert Filter Jan 18 '11 at 19:34
Robert: I'm looking strictly at the internal geodesics (WRT the induced spatial metric) within some timeslice - essentially trapping the problem at a single 'time', for some loose definition of that term. While this doesn't always work, it does generally work for the stationary metrics you're talking about (outside of the wonkier regions, e.g. inside the Schwarzschild horizon!) and lets the problem be phrased as a strictly-spatial problem that IMHO gets more cleanly at the essence of the original question; the (timeslice-internal) geodesics correspond to what we think of as 'lines'. – Steven Stadnicki Jan 18 '11 at 20:56
_USER_: Thank you for your further thoughts. First of all I have to state that the choice of a timeslice would be the gauge I was referring to - hence angles will depend on this choice. Second of all the author is referring to lines of sight - I would interprete these as light geodesics. So, to maybe find a compromise here: One could define such angles more generally but they would depend on the gauge. Is this along your lines of thought? Greets – Robert Filter Jan 18 '11 at 22:17
Your Answer


text:
Stainless steel structure, clean and sanitary, small size, easy installation, low noise, long life. The booster pump uses the water heater insufficient water pressure, because the water heater insufficient water pressure booster pump does not fire the question, installs the full automatic family booster pump to make you use freely. It can be connected directly with metal hose.
Application of gas booster pump:
1, water circulation of fish pot and cylinder. You can add fresh water to produce oxygen, but also can avoid dirt.
2, tap water pressure is not enough. Household water tank water supply, can greatly increase the water pressure and keep the water stable.
3, apartment tower pressure. The upper residence of the apartment is too close to the water trough, resulting in insufficient water pressure or too little water heater to be used.
4. The water heater is not pressurized enough. To solve the problem that the water heater is not enough to cause the ignition problem, install the booster pump so that you can shower freely and feel comfortable to take a comfortable bath.
5, household water purifier front end pressurization. As the water continued to be polluted, tap water can not be easily drinkable; people begin to carry out two times of household tap water, after the installation of water purification equipment, water pressure decreases, affect the normal use, in the front configuration of gas booster pump is particularly necessary.
6, industrial equipment circulating boiler cooling. The equipment is not able to supply water higher than the horizontal plane. The booster pump and the flow check valve are used to make the boiler, the equipment and the machinery work continuously.
The above is Xiaobian related knowledge for you, we have a rigorous working attitude, skilled work skills, will ensure that the task is accurate and efficient completion.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Ley walker
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Ley walker
A female ley walker
It is an occult truth, known to all who study the ways of magic and spellcraft, that great lines of power crisscross the lands of Azeroth. These lines of magic are often harnessed for mighty magical purposes, from the creation of moonwells to (some say) the powerful glowing dome in Dalaran. It is simply assumed that those with power eventually must seek out one of these sites. But those who study the mysteries of the ley lines discover something more. Certainly, there are lines of power that run across the land in a select few areas, but these are not the only lines — simply the most obvious. If these are thick, corded ropes of power, there are also tiny, web-thin threads that run between these great ley lines, connecting them in a vast net of pulsing, subtle power.
The ley walker is a magician who has discovered this fact, and seeks to harness the power of these threads. A ley walker is aware that, every moment of every day, these threads permeate all things, passing through, around, above and below all things, carrying magical energy from the Well of Eternity to all things in the world. With diligent study and practice, ley walkers sense these powers.
The sorcerous feats of which these men and women are capable are impressive. They are able to draw upon the skein of power to augment their spells, tap into this web to maintain spells past their normal durations, to heal themselves, and to protect their allies from magic.
The ley walker's attunement to the raw magical energies of the world grants her certain abilities not available to other spellcasters. Rather than paying for metamagic augmentation with her own powers, she may draw upon the power of the world to make the sacrifice of magical energy on her behalf. The ley walker is able to infuse the power of the ley lines into her spells. The ley walker may draw the power of the ley lines into herself, allowing them to knit her body closed. The ley walker is able to rapidly traverse the ley lines that connect every place in the world. The ley walker may snatch up the threads of ley line energy and affix them to herself or an ally within 30 feet, allowing magical energy to strike the threads and flow away.
Of the arcane classes, magi, inscribers and runemasters are most likely to take this class, for they are the ones who treat this knowledge as truly important — they steep their magics in this world, rather than in the world of the dead, or in the Twisting Nether. Indeed, inscribers and runemasters understand the secrets of these ley lines better than most, and so this prestige class is a natural for them. Any of the divine spellcasters are likely to study this path as well, particularly druids, shamans and priests of Elune. In particular, this path is found among the night elves and the tauren, though many dwarven ley walkers have expanded the realms of understanding by studying the strange ley lines that crawl through the deep caverns. Most folk don't know a ley walker from any other magician. It is only among societies of magicians (such as the Kirin Tor) or priestly orders that those who study these arts stand apart, for they tend to steep their magical discussion in terms of interaction with the ley lines of the world, much to the irritation of other magicians, who find this set of symbols to be useless to them.
In such societies, ley walkers tend to have one of two reputations — crackpots who are obsessed with what is considered just a small facet of the magical knowledge in the world, or truly wise scholars and sages of a set of deep mysteries.[1]
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Importing data
File source panel
To load a simulation file from your local computer, select Load File from the menu or use the corresponding button in the toolbar. OVITO detects the format of the file automatically (see list of supported formats). Compressed text-based files with a.gz suffix can be read directly by OVITO.
The imported dataset will appear in the viewports as a new three-dimensional object and also as an entry in the "Data source" section of the pipeline editor, as indicated in the screenshot on the right.
If you select this item in the list, the External File panel appears below the pipeline editor. The tool buttons at the top of that panel let you reload the imported input file in case it has been changed or rewritten outside of OVITO, or you can pick a different file as data source of the data pipeline. Switching the data source file can be useful if you have set up a data analysis pipeline and now would like to apply it to a different simulation dataset.
Command line
When launching OVITO from a terminal, you can directly specify a file to load. This works for local and remote files:
ovito /path/filename
ovito sftp://hostname/path/filename
You can import several files at once by specifying multiple filenames on the command line. If they all have the same file format, they will be concatenated into a sequence forming an animatable trajectory. If they have different formats, OVITO will detect whether they represent a pair of topology/trajectory files (see next section). If not, they will be inserted as several independent objects into the scene.
Simulation trajectories
OVITO can load trajectories consisting of a series of simulation snapshots. Various scenarios are supported by the software:
A series of snapshot files:
By default, whenever you import a new simulation file, OVITO tries to detect if the file is part of a numbered sequence of files with similar names in the same directory. To this end, the last number (if any) in the filename you've picked is replaced with the wildcard character * to generate a search pattern, which will subsequently be used to look in the directory for more files belonging to the sequence. For instance, if you imported a file named anim1c_5000.dump, OVITO will generate the search pattern anim1c_*.dump to find more snapshots (e.g. anim1c_0.dump, anim1c_1000.dump, anim1c_2000.dump, etc). It is possible to manually override the generated file pattern in the input field highlighted in the screenshot or to turn off the automatic search by deactivating the auto-generate option.
One file containing all trajectory frames:
OVITO automatically detects whether the imported file contains more than one simulation frame and loads all of them as an animation sequence. For some file types, e.g. XYZ and LAMMPS dump, this is indicated by the Contains multiple timesteps checkbox highlighted in the screenshot. Note that OVITO typically keeps only the data of a single frame in memory at a time. Subsequent frames are loaded into memory only when needed, for example if you play back the animation or move the time slider.
A pair of topology and trajectory files:
Some MD simulation codes use separate files for the topology and the trajectory of a molecular structure. The topology file contains the static definition of atoms, bonds, etc. while the trajectory file contains the computed trajectories and other time-dependent data generated in the MD simulation. In such a case you should pick both files in the file selection dialog and import them simultaneously. OVITO recognizes automatically which of the file is the topology file and which one is the trajectory file based on the following table:
Topology format
Trajectory format
Gromacs GRO
Gromacs XTC
CASTEP md/geom
any other supported format
The topology file will be loaded first (e.g. a LAMMPS data file) and a Load trajectory modifier will be inserted into the data pipeline to load the time-dependent atomic positions from the trajectory file (e.g. a LAMMPS dump file). This modifier merges both pieces of information -the static topology and the dynamic trajectory datainto a single animated dataset.
OVITO will display a timeline and a time slider at the bottom of main window if a simulation sequence with more than one frame was loaded. Learn more about OVITO's animation functions in this section of the manual.
Remote data access
OVITO comes with built-in SSH and HTTP(S) clients for accessing files on remote machines. This feature can save you from having to transfer files stored in remote locations, for example on HPC clusters, to your local desktop computer first. To open a file located on a remote host, select File ‣ Load Remote File from the menu.
The current version of OVITO does not provide a way to browse directories on remote machines. You have to directly specify the full path to the remote file as an URL of the form:
In this URL, replace user with the SSH login name for your remote machine, hostname with the host name of the remote machine, and /path/filename with the full path to the simulation file to load. Similarly, you can let OVITO retrieve a data file from a web server by specifying an URL of the form:
When connecting to the remote machine, OVITO will ask for the login password or the passphrase for the private key to be used for authentication. Once established, the SSH connection is kept alive until the program session ends. OVITO creates a temporary copy of the remote file on the local computer before loading the data into memory to speed up subsequent accesses to all simulation frames. The local data copies are cached until you close OVITO or until you hit the Reload button in the External File panel.
If it exists, OVITO will parse the ~/.ssh/config configuration file in your home directory to configure the SSH connection.
When running OVITO from the terminal, you can set the environment variable OVITO_SSH_LOG=1 to activate log output for the built-in SSH client and diagnose possible connection problems.
Visualizing multiple datasets
Side-by-side visualization example
OVITO has the capability to manage several objects in the same three-dimensional scene. This enables you to import and visualize several datasets together in a single picture as shown in the example on the right. You can also visualize a dataset in several different ways, either side by side or superimposed on each other, using branched data pipelines, which dynamically duplicate the imported data and process each copy in a slightly different way.
The simplest way to visualize multiple datasets in one picture is to invoke the File ‣ Load File function from the menu several times to import all datasets into the same scene. When importing the second dataset, OVITO will ask you whether to replace the already loaded dataset or not. Pick the Add to scene option here in order to insert it as an additional object into the existing scene.
The pipeline selector widget in OVITO's toolbar
The pipeline selector widget, located in the toolbar of the window (see screenshot), lists all datasets and other objects that are part of the current scene. Each imported dataset is associated with its own data pipeline. Thus, you can apply different modifiers to each dataset. The data pipeline of the currently selected dataset is the one being displayed and edited in the pipeline editor in the panel on the right.
Positioning datasets in the scene
OVITO places imported datasets in a default position relative to the scene's global coordinate system. Thus, when loading the second dataset into the same scene, it will appear superimposed in the same spatial location as the first dataset, which may not be what you want.
In order to correct this, you can move the individual objects around in the scene and arrange them as needed for your visualization. In the example picture at the top of this page the second dataset has been translated along the x-axis to place it next to the first dataset. To do this, use the Translate mode, which is found in the top toolbar above the viewports:
../_images/translate_tool.png../_images/translate_tool_numeric_fields.png
While the Translate mode is active, you can move objects around in the viewports using the mouse. Alternatively, you can enter the desired position of the selected object numerically using the input fields displayed in the status bar while the Translate mode is selected.
Cloning pipelines
Instead of importing several data files into OVITO, you can also duplicate a dataset within OVITO in order to visualize the same data in different ways, for example by applying different sets of modifiers to each replica of the dataset. See the Clone Pipeline function for more information.


types of elongation are:
It is important to know that the behavior of any string strongly depends on the String bed stiffness in the racquet and the actual tension in the string in the racquet. The level of tension and stiffness can make or break the qualities of any string. The influence of String bed stiffness (tension) and string elongation will be described in a later chapter.
The "elongation" of a string during ball impact is easier to understand when the deflection of the string bed is divided in an inward and an outward movement:
During the inward movement of the ball into the string bed, the ball is actually caught by the strings.
During the outward movement the ball will be "catapulted" away by the string bed.
The influence of elongation during stringing.
When stringers aim at a certain string bed stiffness ("stringing on stiffness"), it is important to know the influence of the properties of the string on the string bed stiffness after stringing. To string accurately means losing as little tension as possible.
Fast strings and slow strings
For every string, there is a fixed relation between the amount of elongation and the tension in the string. Depending on the friction inside the string construction or material certain strings can stretch very quickly and others need more time before all the elongation has developed in the string. When a stringer clamps a string before all the elongation has developed the string is still stretching behind the clamp and the string will lose tension. That is why there is a saying in the stringing world: "Fast stringers are soft stringers". The speed of stringing should depend upon the type of string, and if you want to string fast you have to use fast strings.
The elastic elongation maintains the tension
When you tension a rope between 2 walls it is nearly impossible to keep it tight, when the rope does not stretch. However, it is very easy to get a piece of elastic band tight. The elastic elongation of a string maintains the tension in the racquet. The final stiffness in the racquet will be lower with strings with less elastic elongation. The string bed stiffness with synthetic gut will be considerably higher than with any monofilament.
Second pull less travel
When a string is tensioned for the second time the elongation is much less, because the remaining elongation has been developed in the first pull already. When stringing a stretchy string the travel of the tension system may be too small to reach the tension in one pull. Pull tension again without moving the clamp and the travel will often be ok then.
A lot of travel means a lot of elongation
When a string is tensioned the travel of the tensioner depends on the stiffness or total elongation of the string. When a string needs more travel it means that it is a string with a lower stiffness, so the stringer should know then if this string is suitable for a certain player or not. (As described above).
Machine prestretching creates a stiffer string with different playability
When a string is prestretched, the machine pulls higher then the reference tension before going back to the reference tension. This means that the remaining elongation has been pulled out of the string at a higher tension. The result is that the string is stiffer, offering less power, but the string also loses less tension.
A lockout machine always pre-stretches the string, which means different playability
When a stringer aims at a certain SBS he needs more tension on a lockout tension unit then on a constant pull unit. The graphs in Figure 6 show the tension on a lockout machine and on a constant pull drop weight machine. On the lockout machine the string has been tensioned to about 67 pounds and the final tension is about 53 pounds. The string is actually pre-stretched to 67 pounds before finally stabilizing at 53 pounds. This means that a certain amount of the remaining elongation at 67 pounds has been developed and the string has become a stiffer string. The tension on the constant pull machine is never higher than the final tension in the string. In other words, if the final tension in the string should be 53 pounds, the tension will never exceed that tension on the constant pull machine, so the string offers more playability (comfort) then the string bed created on the lockout machine.
Figure 6
Smartweightbad mono
Lockout nylon
Drawback of the clamps causes more loss with stiffer strings
When the string is released by a tension unit, the clamp will move backwards under the load of the string, this is called drawback. Part of the drawback will recover at the next pull. The remaining drawback after the next pull causes loss of tension in the string. When you multiply the drawback and the stiffness of the string the result is the loss of tension. So the stiffer the string the more loss of tension is caused by the drawback of the clamp.
Other major specifications of strings
When strings should be selected for different types of players there are other properties, which play a part:
The breaking strength
When a string breaks at a higher tension the string can wear down further before it breaks, so a higher breaking strength raises the durability. Monofilament strings have a higher breaking strength than multifilament strings and Kevlar is very strong also. The difficulty with manufacturing multifilament strings is to divide the total force equally among the core and the smaller filaments around the core.
The wear-off resistance
The wear off resistance is a major factor in the durability of strings. When strings are used for spin play the main strings slide up and down all the time, resulting in a wear hole in the main strings at every crossing with a cross string. Monofilament or solid strings have the highest resistance against wear and soft-core strings wear very quickly especially after the shell has been cut through.
The diameter of strings
Most tennis strings are available in many gauges from 1.1 to 1.45 mm. It is important to understand that there is not much connection between the playability of strings and the diameter. The material and the construction of strings have a much larger influence on the playability then the diameter. Of course, thinner strings of a certain type usually stretch more than the thicker strings of that type.
The table in Figure 7 shows monofilament strings of two gauges, 1.25 and 1.3 mm. Only the material of these strings is different and the design is the same, all being monofilaments. Despite the fact that the diameter is the same, the stiffest string is nearly 4 times stiffer than the most stretchy string. The conclusion can be that the diameter of strings is a bad standard for playability.
When strings are classified for different players, the diameter can be used to select strings for certain racquets. Thinner strings can be used for high-density string patterns and stronger and thicker strings should be used for low-density patterns.
Figure 7
Monos 1,25 and 1,3
Classification of players
In order for a stringer to be able to tune the string bed to the type of player with the choice of the string and the stiffness of the string bed, he needs criterion to classify players and to classify the strings. This classification can be done based on the preferences of the player, how he or she hits the ball and if he or she has any arm injuries.
We can make the following division:
Classification of strings
When strings have to be classified for the different players, the following specifications can be used:
Strings which lose a lot of tension at higher tensions can be the best for low tensions. These strings have much more remaining elongation from 66 to 88 pounds then below 66 pounds.
Based on these specs the strings can be classified in 4 classes:
C1 string for comfort players or players with arm injuries
A string for comfort play should stretch more for longer ball contact and have a good elasticity to supply the power. Durability is not important.
String: Total elongation more than 4% (44-88 pounds), good elasticity, durability unimportant.
Maximum stringing Tension: 60 pounds.
String bed stiffness: 28 - 34 kg/cm (dt value).
Tension: can be calculated from the stiffness when the size of the racquet and the number of strings is known.
C2 string for all-around players
This should be an all-around string with very good playability but stiffer than the S1 type. Durability is better then the C1 string.
String: Total elongation 3.3% to 4%, good elasticity, reasonable durability.
Maximum Tension: 65 pounds
String bed stiffness: 33 - 36 kg/cm (dt value)
C3 string for spin players who prefer playability
This string combines good playability with good durability. It is stiffer than the C2 string and has a better wear off resistance.
String: Total elongation 2.8% to 3.2%, good durability.
Maximum Tension: 75 pounds
Stiffness: 36 - 38 kg/cm.
C4 string for spin players who prefer durability
This string is for spin players who prefer maximum durability. It combines low elongation with maximum strength and a high wear off resistance.
String: Total elongation 2.0% – 2.8%, high durability. Poly strings or Kevlar/ nylon combination.
Maximum Tension: 75 pounds
Stiffness: 38 – 40 kg/cm
Analyzing the players
The Stringway route map (as seen in Figure 8) is a system that helps to analyze players in order to choose the right string and string bed stiffness. The right string and string


text:
Menu for the package stsdas.toolbox.imgtools
Type "help imgtools opt=sys" for more information about the 'imgtools' package.
- addmasks - Combine several masks or bad pixel lists.
- boxinterp - Fill areas with smoothed values from surrounding
- countfiles - Count how many files are in the input file template.
- gcombine - Combine a set of GEIS images into one image
- gcopy - Generic multi-group copy utility.
- gstatistics - Compute and print image pixel statistics for all groups.
- imcalc - Perform general arithmetic operations on images.
- imfill - Set fill value in image according to a mask.
- iminsert - Insert an image into another by either adding,
replacing, or multiplying pixel values.
- improject - Project image along one axis decreasing the
number of dimensions by one.
- listarea - Print an area of an image.
- mkgauss - Generate a 2-D image having an object of Gaussian type.
- moveheader - Combine the header and pixels from two images,
creating a new image.
- mstools - Tasks to handle STIS/NICMOS IMSETs.
- pickfile - Get the file name picked from the input file template.
- pixedit - Screen editor for image pixels
- pixlocate - Print positions of all points inside (or outside) a
- rbinary - Create an image from a binary file.
- rd2xy - Translate RA/Dec to the pixel coordinate.
- stack - Stack images to form a new image with one more dimension.
- xy2rd - Translate a 2-D image pixel coordinate to right ascension
- xyztable - Interpolate table values, writing results to a table.
- xyztoim - Interpolate table values, writing results to an image.
Source Code · Package Help · Search Form · STSDAS
Maintained by the Science Software Group at STScI
This file last updated on 24 Feb 2011

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BBC News
Launch consoleBBC News in video and audio
Last Updated: Sunday, 25 March 2007, 09:34 GMT 10:34 UK
Welsh links to slavery abolition
Iolo Morganwg
Poet Iolo Morganwg was an anti-slavery campaigner
First Minister Rhodri Morgan has called for Wales to remember its contribution to the anti-slavery movement.
He said the abolitionist cause was taken up by working class people and eminent figures like poet Iolo Morganwg and preacher John Elias.
Mr Morgan also highlighted the links between the industrial revolution in Wales and profits from the slave trade.
Events are being held across Wales on Sunday to mark the 200th anniversary of the abolition of slavery in Britain.
Mr Morgan warned against pointing the finger of blame for slavery at others.
"What we must guard against is smug self-satisfaction," he said.
"While the slave trade is mainly associated with the ports of Bristol, London and Liverpool, it must be remembered that the Welsh industrial revolution and profits from the slave trade went hand in hand."
It is an opportunity to demand to know why slavery still exists in some parts of the world today
Rhodri Morgan
Cyfarthfa Ironworks in Merthyr Tydfil, south Wales were founded by slave trader Anthony Bacon and historians believe its success was built on the profits of the slave trade.
The fortune gained from slave plantations in Jamaica by their owner Richard Pennant was crucial to his development of the slate industry and Penrhyn Castle in north Wales, it has also been claimed. He was also an anti-abolitionist MP.
"Welsh planters, agents and sea captains were directly involved, and ships used in the trade were built at Cardiff, Newport and Swansea," Mr Morgan added.
"Many ordinary working-class people were also indirectly connected - the seamen on the ships and the workers employed by the slave owners and industrialists."
But he also had praise for the people who took up the abolitionist cause in the last quarter of the 18th century, including preacher John Elias from Anglesey, who spoke out against slavery in Britain's biggest slave port, Liverpool.
And poet Iolo Morganwg, founder of the Gorsedd of Bards, who was an anti-slavery campaigner.
Moral conviction
Mr Morgan also highlighted the work of Robert Everett from Flintshire, north Wales, who encouraged the Welsh in America to join the abolition campaign.
The Abolition of Slave Trade Act, which made it illegal to trade slaves throughout the British Empire and banned British ships from involvement in the trade, was passed by British Parliament on 25 March 1807.
Mr Morgan said the bicentenary was an important opportunity to reflect on the struggles of the past and to pay tribute to the courage and moral conviction of all those - black and white - who campaigned for its abolition.
"It is an opportunity to demand to know why slavery still exists in some parts of the world today," he said.
An event in St David's Hall, Cardiff entitled 'Valuing Freedom', will be one of a number of bicentenary events in Wales and the rest of the UK.
Slavery: The Welsh Connections is on BBC Radio Wales, 25 March and 1 April at 1330 GMT and both are repeated the following Monday at 1800 GMT.
Slave painting goes on view again
24 Mar 07 | North East Wales
Brutality of Picton past examined
20 Mar 07 | South West Wales
Has China's housing bubble burst?
How the world's oldest clove tree defied an empire
Why Royal Ballet principal Sergei Polunin quit
Americas Africa Europe Middle East South Asia Asia Pacific


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Converter rated power
I am new to HOMER and currently I am simulating Wind/PV/Grid system and comparing it to the actual system that has been built. I have a couple of questions to ask:
1. I noticed that the the wind turbine never reaches its rated power of 500 kW. I am wondering why this happens? In real condition, the wind turbine reaches its rated power at least 10% of the time.
2. Also, I've put 0-1750 KW (as the actual system size) in the search space for solar converter but in the optimisation results, HOMER always suggests 1400 KW converter. Is there any way to change this? I am trying to get simulation results as close as possible to the actual system.
1) a) The wind turbine output depends on the available wind resource and the wind power curve. Make sure, in the power curve, you have defined the wind speed for the rated power. You can find the power curve in the wind turbine design section.
b) Make sure the wind resource has the wind speed that corresponds to rated power.
2) Since you have mentioned a range of sizes (0-1750 kW) for the converter, HOMER chooses the optimal size required as per the PV output produced. If you want a fixed converter size(s), instead of mentioning the range in HOMER optimizer, you can mention specific sizes in the search space. For example, mention 0,500,1000, 1500,1750 in the search space to consider all these sizes. Hope this helps.
Thank you for your suggestions. I've put 1750 Kw in the converter search space and it worked.
I've also updated the wind turbine power curve and have made sure the wind speed in the wind resources exceed the wind speed corresponding to the rated power. However the simulation results were still the same i.e. it never reaches the turbine rated power. It reaches its rated power only when the turbine losses are zero, which is of course impossible. Do you have another suggestion I could try?
I have looked at the windspeed data and it seems some of it is high enough to generate the rated power even after accounting for losses. Here are the HOMER file and the actual wind speed data. FYI, there are two wind turbine Enercon E-48 (500 kW) and 3 Vestas V-52 (850 kW, total 2.55 MW) which all never reach their rated power. I hope you can give me advice on this. Thank you very much.
(wind speed data)
The rated capacity of the wind turbines are 800 kW and 850 kW. However high the wind speeds maybe, under ideal conditions ('0' loss factor), the maximum power that the turbines can produce are 800 and 850 kW. You have mentioned about 9.63% as turbine losses. So the maximum output of the turbines will definitely be lesser than the rated output. Getting rated output from the turbines is an ideal situation.


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University of Idaho Geologists Take Preventative Measures Before Potential Earthquake
Monday, July 11 2011
IDAHO FALLS, Idaho – Grand Teton National Park is a spectacular site along the Wyoming-Idaho border. The park brings in nearly 4 million visitors a year and creates a scenic background for those who live there.
While the beauty is stunning, it's tempered by the potential of danger from beneath the ground. The majestic mountain range sits on an active fault line that could one day lead to a severe earthquake.
The University of Idaho and the Idaho Bureau of Homeland Security are working together with local officials to identify areas that would be most affected in Idaho's Teton County in the event of an earthquake. The results of the survey will allow county leaders and citizens the opportunity to better protect government buildings and private property before an earthquake hits.
"With eastern Idaho's risk from earthquakes, it is important to have the best information so that emergency managers can be prepared and make informed decisions," said Brig. Gen. Bill Shawver, director of Idaho Bureau of Homeland Security. "This project is a great cooperative effort between Teton County, the University of Idaho and BHS that will increase the ability of emergency managers to plan for earthquakes."
Teton County's governmental seat is the city of Driggs, roughly 20 miles west of the Teton fault. While this fault has been seismically quiet in recorded historic time, geologists believe it could generate a magnitude 7.2 earthquake at some point in the future.
"Such an earthquake could produce heavy damage in Teton County to structures not built to seismic standards," explained Bill Phillips, research geologist for the Idaho Geological Survey. "The amount of damage during earthquakes also is influenced by local soil and rock conditions. We are constructing a map of these conditions in Teton County so that emergency planners can be better prepared."
During the week of July 18-22, geologists will be in the field using seismographs and geophone sensors in 25 places around Teton County to determine what type of soil and bedrock make up the area and how those areas would react during potential earthquake activity.
Results from the survey will be given to the county's emergency services center.
The survey is funded by the Idaho Bureau of Homeland Security through the Earthquake Hazard Reduction grant program. For more information on the survey, contact Bill Phillips from the University of Idaho at _PHONE_, or Greg Adams from Teton County at _PHONE_.
# # #
About the University of Idaho
Founded in 1889, the University of Idaho is the state's land-grant institution and its principal graduate education and research university, bringing insight and innovation to the state, the nation and the world. University researchers attract nearly $100 million in research grants and contracts each year. The University of Idaho is classified by the prestigious Carnegie Foundation as high research activity. The student population of 12,000 includes first-generation college students and ethnically diverse scholars, who select from more than 130 degree options in the colleges of Agricultural and Life Sciences; Art and Architecture; Business and Economics; Education; Engineering; Law; Letters, Arts and Social Sciences; Natural Resources; and Science. The university also is charged with the statewide mission for medical education through the WWAMI program. The university combines the strength of a large university with the intimacy of small learning communities and focuses on helping students to succeed and become leaders. It is home to the Vandals, and competes in the Western Athletic Conference. For more information, visit _URL_


Grand Theft Wiki is a Semantic Wiki. This means we collect data within a page into a searchable/displayable format.
The basic principle of semantic data is setting properties on pages. Those properties are little facts, such as the nationality or gender of the character. We can then do a search or query on those properties.
For example, on each character's page, we can specify the nationality of the character. Then we can do a search for all characters from each nationality. We can also display that search on a country page using an inline query.
Setting Properties
Properties are set in a similar way to links and categories. You need the name of the property and the data (answer) for it.
To set the 'Nationality' property to 'British':
Some templates set these properties. {{infobox character}} is Grand Theft Wiki's first large-scale semantic template, setting the gender, nationality and dates of birth/death of the character. Simply fill out the details on the template to have these properties automatically set.
Types of Properties
Every property has a page, listed at Special:Properties.
By default, a property is type=page. This can be changed by adding a datatype to the properties page (just like a category).
If you select a datatype, such as 'date', anything that doesn't fit that input will generate an error. The data will have a yellow warning triangle next to it, and page will show up in Property:Has improper value for.
Standard answers
Be careful to use a standard answer whenever you mean the same thing, rather than a slightly different one.
For example, For a gender, always use 'Male' or 'Female' - don't sometimes use boy/man/woman/lady/girl.
How Properties Display
If you simply use [[Nationality::British]] (as above), it will show a link to page 'British'.
Properties can be changed like links. You can specify an alternative place to link to: [[Nationality::British|United Kingdom]] or use a space to hide the link completely: [[Nationality::British| ]]
Additional templates and switches can be used to change these outputs. Template {{country}} changes any country terms/abbreviations into the correct term (eg USA > United States), whilst {{nationality}} changes them into the demonym for the people who live there (eg USA > American).
Queries can be built and run on Special:Ask.
You can easily search on properties and categories, exactly the same way as setting them. This is an AND query.
So to search for all Russian characters in GTA IV:
We want to search for all pages in Category:Characters in GTA IV and with Nationality::Russia
So we just search for those two things, exactly the same way as we would set them on a page:
[[Category:Characters in GTA IV]] [[Nationality::Russia]]
If you need to use an OR, you need to do this within the [[square brackets]] of the links, and use || as an OR operator
[[Category:Characters in GTA IV || Category:Characters in GTA III Era]]
Last modified on 25 May 2012, at 21:19


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Evacuations invariably involve companion animals, wildlife and livestock so emergency relief agencies will likely require provisions for:
Council is working with the Department of Environment and Primary Industries to develop a Animal Welfare Plan.
Department of Environment and Primary Industries and Victorian Farmers Federation are responsible for gathering and distributing emergency fodder supplies. Provision of fodder for animals after an emergency is an essential emergency relief function, as existing sources may have been destroyed in the incident.
Supplies of water may also be required for livestock after an emergency; The Department of Environment and Primary Industries will be able to provide advice to municipal councils about urgent needs for emergency water supplies.
6.28 Evaluation of Recovery Activities
6.30 Emergency Accommodation


Born into Brothels (Born Into Brothels: Calcutta's Red Light Kids)
In India to film a documentary about the sex workers of Kalkota, filmmakers find themselves intrigued by the children of those workers and give them cameras at first so they could record their parents; eventually, however, they make the controversial decision that photography could be a potential route out of poverty for these children.
Childhood, Prostitution, Arts, Labor, Social commentary, Poverty, Social classes, Class conflicts, Cultural appropriation, Primary sources


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Management Practices Across Firms and Countries
Paper No' CEPDP1109:
Save Reference as: BibTeX File | EndNote Import File
Keywords: management; organization, and productivity
JEL Classification: L2; M2; O14; O32; O33
Is hard copy/paper copy available?
YES - Paper Copy Still In Print.
This Paper is published under the following series:
CEP Discussion Papers
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For the last decade we have been using double-blind survey techniques and randomized sampling to construct management data on over 10,000 organizations across twenty countries. On average, we find that in manufacturing American, Japanese, and German firms are the best managed. Firms in developing countries, such as Brazil, China and India tend to be poorly managed. American retail firms and hospitals are also well managed by international standards, although American schools are worse managed than those in several other developed countries. We also find substantial variation in management practices across organizations in every country and every sector, mirroring the heterogeneity in the spread of performance in these sectors. One factor linked to this variation is ownership. Government, family, and founder owned firms are usually poorly managed, while multinational, dispersed shareholder and private-equity owned firms are typically well managed. Stronger product market competition and higher worker skills are associated with better management practices. Less regulated labor markets are associated with improvements in incentive management practices such as performance based promotion.


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In Financial Data Quality Management Enterprise Edition (FDMEE) automated batch loads time out.
There are two most likely causes of this issue:
- Batch timeout setting not defined or insufficient in system and/or application settings in the FDMEE application
- Stuck thread timeout setting needs increasing in the ErpIntegrator0 managed server (weblogic)
To increase the batch timeout setting in the FDMEE application:
- Navigate to Data Management from EPM workspace.
- From the Setup tab, and then under Configure, select System Settings.
- In System Settings, from Profile Type, select Other.
- Define a timeout value for the "Batch timeout in minutes" setting.
To increase the Stuck Thread timeout settting in the ErpIntegrator0 managed server in weblogic:
- Navigate to weblogic admin console.
- Under domain structure, expand Environment and choose servers.
- Choose ErpIntegrator0 from the servers list.
- Under configuration, choose tuning.
- Choose Lock & Edit to modify the setting value.
- Increase the Stuck Thread Max time value. The value is in seconds. By default it will be 600 seconds (5 minutes).
- Choose activate configuration so that the settings take effect.
- Restart FDMEE service.
Hope this helps.


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Definition of Glycoprotein
Glycoprotein: A molecule that consists of a carbohydrate plus a protein.
Glycoproteins play essential roles in the body. For instance, in the immune system almost all of the key molecules involved in the immune response are glycoproteins.
A glycopeptide is similar in structure to a glycoprotein but has a shorter chain of amino acids.Source: MedTerms™ Medical Dictionary
Last Editorial Review: 6/14/2012
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Culture and Conflict in Global Perspective
The Cultural Dimensions of Global Conflicts 1945 to- 2007
1st edition 2010, 98 pages
Has Samuel Huntington's proposed "clash of civilizations" actually happened in the post-1945 era? Events such as 9/11 2001 or the crisis due to caricatures of Mohammed might suggest it has. The topic of culture and conflict has been the subject of fierce debate among scholars and the public alike over the last two decades. The Bertelsmann Stiftung, which has been committed to promoting international cultural dialogue for many years now, is publishing "Culture and Conflict in Global Perspective", a theoretically-informed definition of cultural conflicts and a world-wide mapping of such conflicts between 1945 and 2007. The publication is based on an empirical study that explores in what conflicts cultural factors played a role and to what extent they influenced the intensity of violence in the respective conflicts. The study and the explanations derived from it form an important instrument to foster cultural dialogue for peaceful coexistence in a globalized world.


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Senior secondary education is designed to prepare students for initial entry into the workforce, for vocational education and training and higher education studies. It is undertaken in Years 11 and 12.
There are two key senior secondary education accrediting bodies in Victoria, the Victorian Curriculum and Assessment Authority (VCAA), and the International Baccalaureate (IB).
The VCAA accredits the two Victorian senior secondary qualifications, the Victorian Certificate of Education (VCE) and the Victorian Certificate of Applied Learning (VCAL).
The IB accredits the International Baccalaureate Diploma, which is a globally recognised senior secondary qualification.
In Victoria, the VRQA is responsible for the:
- registration of senior secondary providers to deliver one or more senior secondary qualification:
- in schools
- in non-school settings.
- registration to become a senior secondary awarding body
- accreditation of senior secondary qualifications.
For information about applying to provide senior secondary education, see:
To search for registered senior secondary providers, see:
For information about becoming an awarding body or about accreditation of senior secondary qualifications, see:


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Cloning coast redwoods
William J. Libby, U.C., Berkeley.
California Agriculture 36(8):34-35. DOI: 10.3733/ca.v036n08p34b.
Not available – first paragraph follows:
In a redwood breeding program, time is a problem. Between germination (or planting) and harvest as a renewable source of wood, a redwood must survive and grow in a minimally managed environment for three to eight decades. Trees in park and amenity plantings may be expected to grow for centuries, or even millenia. Redwood foresters thus, and properly, tend to be conservative.
William J. Libby, Professor, Genetics, U.C., Berkeley.


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To use all functions of this page, please activate cookies in your browser.
With an accout for my.bionity.com you can always see everything at a glance – and you can configure your own website and individual newsletter.
- My watch list
- My saved searches
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Paleopathology (spelled palaeopathology in the UK) is the study of ancient diseases. It is useful in understanding the past history of diseases, and uses this understanding to predict its course in the future.
A paleopathologist is one who studies old and diseased things, specifically, diseases of human and animal as inferred from recent or fossilized skeletal remains.
Additional recommended knowledge
History of Paleopathology
From the Renaissance to the mid nineteenth century, there was increasing reference to ancient disease, initially within prehistoric animals although later the importance of studying the antiquity of human disease began to be emphasised. The true genesis of the field of human palaeopathology is generally considered to occur between the mid nineteenth century and World War I when a number of pioneering physicians and anthropologists clarified the medical nature of ancient skeletal pathologies. This work was consolidated between the world wars with methods such as radiology, histology and serology being applied more frequently, improving diagnosis and accuracy with the introduction of statistical analysis. It was at this point that palaeopathology can truly be considered to have become a scientific discipline.
After World War II palaeopathology began to be viewed in a different way: as an important tool for the understanding of past populations, and it was at this stage that the discipline began to be related to epidemiology and demography. The study of DNA also began to add new information to what was already known about ancient disease.
Human Osteopathology is classified into several general groups:
Whilst traumatic injuries such as broken and malformed bones can be easy to spot, evidence of other conditions, for example infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and syphilis, can also be found in bones. Arthropathies, that is joint diseases such as osteoarthritis and gout, are also not uncommon.
Archaeologists use paleopathology as one of their main tools for understanding the lives of ancient peoples. For example, cranial deformation is evident in the skulls of the Maya, showing that they considered a person beautiful if they had a straight line connecting their nose with their forehead. Another pathology common to Mesoamerica is seen in women. Bone spurs and other deformities in the knees, toes, and backs of women show that their days spent grinding maize to make flour takes its toll on their bodies. Also, evidence for trepanation, or drilling holes in the skull to relieve excess pressure, is also common. Skulls with multiple holes show that some patients survived this procedure many times, because the bone has begun to knit back together.
In archaeology, the study of the diseases of animals has not been as wide and extensive as those of humans. Baker and Brothwell's seminal work was published in 1980 and is still considered a classic text, being frequently referred to within the discipline. However, it should be noted that this position of importance has largely come about, not because of its comprehensive coverage, but because there has been no real alternative. Most palaeopathological literature is to be found in periodicals or compiled publications of conference papers. No synthesis of the research in the field as a whole has been attempted for the last twenty-five years. The study of dinosaur paleopathology has undergone a resurgence in the past two decades. An extensive bibliography of dinosaur paleopathology was released in 2002
Recent Theories Dependent Upon Paleopathological Data
One paper, "The Worst Mistake in the History of the Human Race" and one book, "Paleopathology at the Origins of Agriculture", have been instrumental in bringing about a change in the way prehistoric human history is understood, away from uninformed modernist perceptions skewed by human urban populations' rough times in the dark ages, and more towards an informed and enlightened comprehension of the relative luxury, abundance, and ease of life in pre-agricultural times. One strong proponent of the new conclusions becoming more widely taught and accepted has been John Zerzan, considered by many to be only degrees from an "ecoterrorist", due to his essays bringing to light widespread misinformation in the mainstream understanding of prehistory, and casting a shadow on the relatively recent human "success" of agriculture, evidently causing many readers of his essays to feel something they've chosen to describe as "terror". A few recent books, such as the more popular "Guns, Germs, and Steel", citing paleopathological data, have elicited similar reactions from people.
|This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Paleopathology". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia.|


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Holy Sparks #5: Why Not Antarctica?
Holy Sparks #5: Why Not Antarctica?
Some spots on earth are merely storage halls of Holy Sparks, until the time comes for each spark to be released.
Let's face it. If being sent to the "four corners of the earth" is to be taken literally, there are still plenty of places the Jewish people have not yet moved to, willingly or unwillingly. Not that anyone else has moved there either, but still, for Jews uncomfortable with the Middle East situation and not 100 percent secure in America (or England or France or South Africa or Argentina), the Great White North, or the Great White South, might be a last ditch option. Not to mention the Sahara Desert...
Why not? It might be far easier to weather the cold and polar bears, and avoid all the social, political and religions tensions. Maybe God has one more final exile in mind for the Jewish people, a much colder one, after which time we'll have gone to all those corners and be ready to come home, once and for all.
When God created the world, He separated out a large portion of [holy sparks] to make all that was to come into existence throughout the six days of creation. What remained after that (of the sparks from the world of Tohu), the Almighty left behind for man to rectify through his actions, throughout the generations until the arrival of Moshiach.
They were set aside and given place in all the deserts throughout the world, from where they ascend and are constantly undergoing rectification. What this means is that they are drawn from the portions of the desert to places of settlement, where they become revealed and rectified as necessary.
They represent the new and additional strength of each yield from the land, which results in straw for animals and wheat from which man makes his bread, or anything that is "quarried" from the ground. As it is written, 'For silver has a source and there is a place where they refine gold' (Job 28:1). All of it is the result of the rejuvenation which flows into the places of settlement from the places of desert. (Sefer HaKlalim, Klal 19:2)
At first reading, this sounds like a difficult concept to understand. However, as we will see, not only does it makes perfect sense, but it helps us better appreciate a miracle of life that we may otherwise take for granted.
Why are there new crops every year? Why is there plenty in some years, and famine in others? Why does the ground at times produce nothing at all, let alone food that we can eat and enjoy? We may know why this occurs on a physical level, but what is the spiritual mechanism?
Holy Sparks, of course.
Like a time capsule, each Holy Spark of history has its own moment in time to be realized and used throughout the course of six millennia, before returning to its source Above. Who determines when that moment is and where it is to be used? God Himself, Who moves the sparks to wherever He wants, in order to help a person, nation, and the world to fulfill its potential and role on the stage of world history. Only God can be so precise.
God has an elaborate system for moving sparks around, so they're available when and where we need them.
God has a whole system for doing it, and right under our very noses, too. The life that we take for granted in a world that we are used to, is really a very sophisticated and elaborate system for moving sparks around, so they can be available when and where we need them.
For example, a simple wind moving north from the Sahara Desert toward a big city may be carrying dust filled with Holy Sparks, just waiting to land on the soil of some community to bring life to the ground, which in turn can bring life to animals. This in turn brings life to people who can use the Holy Sparks for a Godly purpose -- thereby expending them and sending them on their way back to the source.
Contrary to assumption, cornflakes do not grow on the shelf of the local supermarket. They grow out in a field that was nourished by Holy Sparks, without which all the irrigation in the world could not make a difference.
Similarly, what gives a vitamin its power is the sparks contained within, which are invisible to the scientist and doctor. Why else would one entity be stronger or weaker than another in terms of accomplishing a specific task?
It all comes down to the sparks inside -- the nature of a specific spark and its potential. Why one place in the world is inhabitable and why one is not depends on the sparks there, and their potential to maintain life on any level. How that particular place responds to external conditions and human activity will depend on its spiritual make-up -- that is, the sparks designated to be there.
Think of it as a spiritual gene pool. Each spark has a different potential to create, vis a vis the other sparks. Appreciating the vastness of life and its closeness to unlimited potential, is another way of appreciating the vast spiritual pool of Holy Sparks. From there we can begin to appreciate a little of the wisdom God used to make creation, and with which He continues to maintain creation every moment of the day, all throughout history.
However, the question we came to answer was why there are no longer any "corners" of the world where the Jewish people can go. The answer is that the deserts, whether they are frozen or made from sand, seem to be places not meant to be inhabited by humans.
Of course, if we had to, we could build some kind of enclosed city in the Arctic Circle, or in the middle of the Sahara Desert. Knowing human ingenuity, we'd figure out some way to sustain life within it.
When Adam left the Garden of Eden, he designated specific places on earth to be inhabitable.
However, such areas in the world are not "natural" human habitats, and at this late time in history it seems unlikely that they will become so. More than likely they are wastelands because God ordained them as places that man will not live en masse, so that they can remain as storage halls of Holy Sparks, until the time comes for each individual spark to be released and its potential realized.
In fact, the Talmud says that when Adam left the Garden of Eden, he designated specific places on earth that would be inhabitable (Brachot 31a).
Perhaps Holy Sparks are the reason why there are no more "corners" of the earth for the Jewish people to flee to, as they have continually done throughout their long, arduous journey toward the end of history and the Final Redemption.
In any case, the Jews are in the final exile of history: Golut Edom -- the Exile of Edom, Eisav's descendants. It began with the Romans back at the destruction of the Second Temple, and in the 2,000 years since, we've been everywhere Edom has made his home -- whether in Europe, Russia, or America.
We've been nearly everywhere mankind has ever settled.
Now it's time to go home.
The Jewish year is 5762. According to the Zohar's calculation, with which the great kabbalist Rabbi Shlomo Elyashiv seems to concur, "Resurrection of the Dead" is destined to begin no later than 28 years from now. By that time, the Zohar also explains, all the exiled Jews remaining at the end of history will have to be gathered in, and Moshiach will have already rid the world of evil.
By this time, the sparks of history will have to already be expended and returned to their sources Above.
Rome wasn't built in a day, and it probably would take a lot longer to build a thriving community in inhospitable Antarctica. No matter how we look at it, if life for the Jewish people takes a turn for the worst, and the "Lavans" of today no longer look at us with the same smile as they did yesterday, then we need to think about whether we have perhaps exhausted the sparks.
If our work is finished, then staying around may defeat our purpose. And in the end, defeat us, too.
See Holy Sparks Part 1: Exile and Redemption
See Holy Sparks #2: The Contractor Who Couldn't Say Goodbye
Holy Sparks Part 3: Soul Food
Holy Sparks Part 4: The Purpose of Creation
Published: February 9, 2002
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articles, videos and blogs featuring timeless Jewish wisdom.
Visitor Comments: 5
(5) Yehudith Shraga, July 22, 2012 3:24 PM
The pool of Holy sparks needs some expalantion
Who determines when and...where it( holy spark) to be used?-G-d Himself.It is a little bit difficult to navigate in the spiritual ocean, but anyway some order should be made,there is nothing to be afraid that only G-d knows when and where the holy spark is going to meet you,because G-d never gives as situations which we may not deal with.There is Devine order within the Sparks according to their difficulty of release,there are Sparks of Shoret,Alef, Bet,Gimel Ovi'ut and the most difficult-Ovi'ut Dalet which is our Antarticas,Desorts, High mountains and oceans of potential,but to release the spark from there we use a special tech. called Hakarat haRah=acknowledgement of Evil, we start with out


text:
Free diagram with 4 stairs and steps for PowerPoint and Google Slides. Infographic illustration of 4 cylinders and 2 businessman silhouettes. Editable graphics with numbers, icons, and text placeholders.
Four Stairs and Steps Diagram
Arrows with numbers on the stairs to illustrate the evolution.
Use this template slide to show 4 sequential or incremental steps in a task, process, or workflow. Also great for presentation concepts about human resources, career steps, career development, business growth, teamwork, management structure, staff positions, success, progress, etc.
Shapes are 100% editable: colors and sizes can be easily changed.
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SummaryThe Indiana University School of Medicine Safety Education and Outreach department, formerly known as Community Education and Child Advocacy, operates a not-for-profit Safety Store that offers low-cost or free safety products, including products for children with health care needs or disabilities. Trained staff educate families on how to use the products and practice injury prevention and emergency preparedness regularly. Numerous anecdotal stories suggest that the Safety Store has saved lives, prevented injuries, and increased family confidence and capabilities for keeping children safe.Suggestive: The evidence consists of anecdotal reports of lives saved and injuries prevented.
Developing OrganizationsIndiana University School of Medicine
Date First Implemented2005
Vulnerable Populations > Children; Disabled (physically)
Problem AddressedAccidents at home are a major cause of injury and death for children and adolescents. Safety products can help prevent these accidents, but parents may not know about, have access to, or be able to afford them. The availability of safety products adapted to prevent injury in children with disabilities or health care needs is particularly limited.
- Unintentional injury as leading cause of death: Unintentional injuries are the leading cause of death in children ages 1 to 14 in the United States.1 Approximately 2,000 children 14 years old and younger die each year as a result of a home injury, with fire, suffocation, and drowning being the leading causes of death in this age group.2
- Limited awareness and accessibility of safety products for children with disabilities or health care needs: Safety products for children with disabilities or health care needs often are difficult for families to find and afford. For example, families with children who have hearing impairments need smoke detectors with strobe lights, but these products are often difficult to find.3
Description of the Innovative ActivitySafety Education and Outreach operates a Safety Store that offers low-cost or free safety products, including products for children with disabilities or health care needs. Trained staff educates families on how to use these products and how to practice injury prevention and emergency preparedness regularly. Key elements of the Safety Store's services include the following:
- Accessible location and hours: The Safety Store, located within the hospital gift shop, is open Monday through Friday from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m., except for holidays.
- Low-cost safety products: The store sells low-cost safety products such as smoke detectors, fire extinguishers, baby gates, outlet plug covers, appliance locks, crib sheet clips, and furniture corner cushions. Through December 2012, nearly 19,000 customers have purchased products at the Safety Store.
- Safety products for children with disabilities or health care needs: The Safety Store carries an inventory of adapted safety products for children with disabilities or health care needs, such as Silent Call systems that include a vibrating smoke alarm with strobe light; wheelchair gloves and ponchos; medical/identification bracelets; allergy labels; tracking devices; and Safe-er-Grip bath and shower handles.
- Evacuation products for children with disabilities or health care needs (Safe Escape program): The Safety Store's Safe Escape program provides products and education to families of children with disabilities or health care needs to support safe evacuation in a fire, emergency, or disaster. Information provided in April 2010 indicates that to date, the Safe Escape program has provided nearly 1,300 families with evacuation products and emergency preparedness education.
- Family education and ongoing support: The Safety Store staff help families identify and select products depending on their unique needs. Staff members also provide education and training to parents about proper product use and installation, along with instruction on how to prevent injuries. For example, staff members teach families how to test smoke detectors, replace batteries, and develop and practice a plan for escaping a fire, emergency, or disaster. In addition, the Safety Store presents education programs and special events featuring safety-related activities for children and parents at Riley Hospital throughout the year. The store informs current and former customers about safety product recalls via e-mail alerts and notices mailed to families.
- Widespread marketing and promotion: Safety Education and Outreach markets the Safety Store through the distribution of brochures and flyers at all hospital newsstands, clinics, and units. In addition, the hospital publishes messages about safety and the Safety Store in a variety of hospital newsletters and on plasma televisions located throughout the institution.
- Future online Safety Store and Safe Escape program: Safety Education and Outreach staff worked in partnership with the National Association of Children's Hospitals and Related Institutions (NACHRI) to create online templates for Safety Stores and Safe Escape programs. The Web sites will expand the capability of children's hospitals nationwide to be able to offer Safety Stores or Safe Escape after staff has completed training for these programs.
References/Related ArticlesSwartz J. Selling safety: injury prevention store saves lives. Children's Hospitals Today. Fall 2006. Available at: _URL_
The Safety Store Web site is available at: _URL_.
Contact the InnovatorCara Fast, MSW
The Safety Store and National Education Network Manager
Safety Education and Outreach
Department of Pediatrics
Indiana University School of Medicine
705 Riley Hospital Drive
Indianapolis, IN 46202
Phone: _PHONE_
Toll-free phone: _PHONE_
Innovator DisclosuresMs. Fast has not indicated whether she has financial interests or business or professional affiliations relevant to the work described in this profile; however, information on funders is available in the Funding Sources section.
ResultsNumerous anecdotes suggest that the Safety Store has saved lives, prevented injuries, and increased parent confidence and capability to keep their children safe. (See the Story section for several examples of these anecdotes.) Information provided in April 2010 indicates that Safety Education and Outreach conducted a study of unintentional injury admissions to Riley Hospital's Pediatric Burn Care Unit from 2005 to 2008 to identify leading causes of burn injury, the circumstances of each injury, and ages of children admitted for care. Analysis of data profiling families served by Safe Escape also is under way. This information will help direct future product selection and the development of prevention education materials to support children with different types of special needs for safe escape in emergencies, disasters, and fires.Suggestive: The evidence consists of anecdotal reports of lives saved and injuries prevented.
Context of the InnovationRiley Hospital for Children supports 447 staffed beds, 16,552 admissions and observations cases, and 231,556 subspecialty outpatient visits annually. The hospital is part of Indiana University Health, an Indiana-based, private, nonprofit organization offering a broad base of tertiary services, specialized pediatric care provided by Riley Hospital, and a Level I trauma center. IU School of Medicine's Safety Education and Outreach had considered several models for providing low-cost safety products and injury prevention education onsite since the mid-1990s and drew inspiration from the pioneering work by Johns Hopkins Children's Safety Center, which opened in 1997. Safety Education and Outreach championed an expanded vision for a safety store to be able to serve all children, including children with disabilities or health care needs, with low-cost child safety products and injury prevention and emergency preparedness education.
Planning and Development ProcessKey planning and development steps included the following:
- Generating interest: Safety Education and Outreach staff met with physicians, nurses, administrators (including the hospital's chief of pediatrics and vice president of operations), and internal committees to build interest in and support for developing the Safety Store. Discussions centered on the importance of providing safety products at low cost to all families along with education; how to promote the Safety Store to families and staff; identification of the location, staffing, and funding support needed to maintain ongoing operations; and identification of the types of injuries treated at the hospital to guide the types of products that could be offered.
- Getting senior management approval: Hospital administration provided the support that was instrumental in identifying and securing the first-floor hospital space to be renovated for the Safety Store.
- Collecting data to determine appropriate stock: Safety Education and Outreach staff analyzed data on unintentional injury admissions to Riley Hospital for the period of 2001 to 2004 to determine which safety products to stock.
- Launching the Safe Escape program: The Safety Store opened in January 2005, providing the Safe Escape program as its initial service.
- Expanding the product line: In the spring of 2005, the Safety Store began selling low-cost safety products to hospital families, staff, and the general public.
- Training staff: All new members of the Safety Store team participated in an orientation that included observing current staff; reviewing all manufacturer instructions and product protocols; and practicing (under the observation of a current staff member) how to use or install all products, assess family needs, and complete paperwork with families.
- Renovation and expansion: The Safety Store was renovated and expanded in 2009 from 306 to 530 square feet, which since then has consistently increased product inventory, customer traffic, and product sales.
Resources Used and Skills Needed
- Staffing: One full-time staff member, several part-time members, volunteers, and interns work together to promote the Safety Store; serve customers; purchase, price, and display products; and enter inventory.
- Costs: The initial cost to open the store was $216,000; hospital funds, in-kind support, and grants support ongoing costs. Because the Safety Store's mission is to provide low-cost safety products and associated education, the store does not earn a profit from product sales; the store uses revenues to purchase additional safety products and educational materials and resources. The Safety Store renovation and expansion in 2009 was accomplished through a


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This study quantifies the sensitivity to the soft tissue artefacts of three open-source musculoskeletal models implemented in OpenSim.
Musculoskeletal models estimates can be heavily affected by the soft tissue artefact (STA) when input positional data are obtained using stereophotogrammetry. In this study, we assessed the sensitivity to the STA of three open-source musculoskeletal models and relevant tools, implemented in OpenSim. To this purpose, a baseline dataset of marker trajectories was created using point kinematics for each model from experimental data of one healthy volunteer's gait. Five hundred STA realizations were then statistically generated using a marker-dependent model of the pelvis and lower limb artefact and added to the baseline data. The STA's impact on the musculoskeletal model estimates of an inverse dynamics pipeline (joint angles, joint moments, and muscle and joint contact forces) was finally quantified using a Monte Carlo analysis.


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GOOAL: An Educational Graphic Object Oriented Analysis Laboratory
Courtyard (room C)
Tuesday, 16:00, 45 minutes
Hector Perez-Gonzalez, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi
Jugal Kalita, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs
Alberto Nunez-Varela, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi
Richard Wiener, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs
Demonstration number: 12Our goal is to enable rapid production of static and dynamic object models from natural language description of problems. Rapid modeling is achieved through automation of analysis tasks. This automation captures the cognitive schemes analysts use to build their models of the world through the use of a precise methodology. The methodology is based on the use of proposed technique called role posets. and a semi-natural language (called 4W). First versions of this tool were used as prototypes to produce early design artifacts for very small (toy) problems. Current version has been succesfully used as an educational tool in object oriented software engineering courses. Original problem statements are automatically translated to 4W language. The produced sentences then, are analyzed with role posets to produce static model views. Finally the 4W sentences are used to generate dynamic views of the problem. This set of methods maximizes analysis process agility, promotes reusability and constitutes a valuable tool in the learning process of object thinking. The prototype tool: GOOAL (Graphic Object Oriented Analysis Laboratory) receives a natural language (NL) description of a problem and produces the object models taking decisions sentence by sentence. The user realizes the consequences of the analysis of every sentence in real time. Unique features of this tool are the underlying methodology and the production of dynamic object models. A new beta version using problem statements written in spanish will also be presented.


Presentation Details
Abstract Details (PID = P123)
Title:Prospecting for Mineral Ore (P123)
Description:How do geologists look for mineral ore? In this activity from EDC Earth Science, participants search for a layer of rock containing a valuable mineral called molybdenum by testing sediments collected in strategic spots along river systems - gathering data to decide where the deposit is located. This is no "cookie mining" activity!
Subject:NGSS Resources
Intended Audience:HS Earth & Space
Aligned with NGSS:Yes
Primary Presenter Detail
Presenter - 1 / Title:Darin Christianson, Curriculum Specialist
Co-Presenter(s) Detail
Presenter - 2 / Title:
Presenter - 3 / Title:
Presenter - 4 / Title:
Presenter - 5 / Title:
Schedule Details
Time:10:30 AM
Length:50 min
Room Setup:Classrm - Flat / 40 people


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Orderhive brings to you an easier way to organize shipments, by letting you create folders as desired and grouping shipments into them. You can now see a new folder-wise structure for shipments, where you can create multiple folders other than the default common folder. You can simply select and move shipment/s (single or bulk) to desired folders.
Here's how organize Shipments in folders in Orderhive:
Add folders: (Orderhive account) Shipments → '+' Add Folders → Name → Create
Move shipments: (Orderhive account) Shipments → Select Shipments/ → More → Move To → Select Folder → Move


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Recognition of Prior Learning
Welcome to the Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL) service in CIT. The purpose of this site is to provide as much information as possible about the RPL system and processes within CIT. The site has been designed to assist students to answer such questions as:
- What is RPL?
- Is my learning relevant?
- How do I apply?
- How do I structure my application?
- What kind of evidence is required to support my application?
- What does it cost?
Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL) is when formal recognition is given for what you already know prior to starting on a programme or module. With recognition of prior learning the focus is on learning and not on experience as such. You can apply for RPL in any CIT accredited programme or module. Programmes which are accredited by professional bodies or any external awarding bodies may have their own procedures for RPL which you should refer to.
The following handbook provides some useful guidelines for students in preparing a case for recognition.
The following video outlines the RPL process in 3 primary steps.


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Pygmalion (pĭgmālˈyən) [key]. 1 In Greek mythology, king of Cyprus. He fell in love with a beautiful statue of a woman. When he prayed to Aphrodite for a wife like it, the goddess brought the statue to life and Pygmalion married her. In one version of the legend, the statue becomes Aphrodite; another states that Pygmalion sculpted the statue himself and that after coming to life it was called Galatea. 2 In Vergil's Aeneid, king of Tyre. He was the brother of Dido and killed her husband, Sychaeus, to get his riches.
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
More on Pygmalion from Fact Monster:
See more Encyclopedia articles on: Folklore and Mythology


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Last Visited: November, 2002
As early as 1838 a naval officer recommended erecting a lighthouse at Crown Point near the south end of Lake Champlain. Fifteen years later the need was still being noted "to enable vessels to pass with safety through the dark narrow channel at Chimney Point". Finally, in 1858, the recently created Lighthouse Board erected another "Sister" on a seven-acre site at Crown Point near the historic ruins of Fort St. Frederic and the British Grenadier Battery. This station was similar to the two at the North end of the lake, an octagonal tower of gray limestone block with an attached wood frame Cape Cod cottage for the keeper. At a height of 55 feet, the fixed white light in a fifth order lens stood 83 feet above the lake and was visible for 15 miles.
In 1910, the Champlain Tercentenary Commission received permission from the new Lighthouse Bureau to commemorate the great explorer by altering the stone tower into a neoclassical memorial at a cost of $50,000. The plain limestone exterior was replaced with a granite base and eight Doric columns supporting an ornate cornice, parapet and elaborately detailed lantern. This monument formality almost obscured its function as a lighthouse.
The light station remained in operation until the Crown Point bridge crossing to Chimney Point, Vermont was completed in 1929, when the keeper's house was torn down. The site is now a State Park with public access to both the old light tower in the memorial and the historic forts.
Lake Champlain Lighthouses
Nearest Address: Adirondack Park Preserve, Crown Point, NY
- From Interstate 87 take exit 31. At the end of the ramp turn onto route 9N heading south.
- Stay on 9N for 16.8 miles, then turn left onto NY-185.
- Take NY-185 for 3.8 miles until you come to the Crown Point bridge and the light tower on your right.
View Larger Map


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Our Philosophy on Wilderness
Wilderness, i.e., uncultivated nature that exists in and by itself, does not need humans but humans need wilderness, not at least as a guideline for their own moderation and humility. Wilderness presents an alternative to an increasingly urbanised world. When we experience untouched, intact nature we can find physical and mental well-being, artistic inspiration, and hope, but we can also gain a new respect for nature and find humility. In this sense the preservation of wilderness is not a mere luxury but a cultural responsibility of human society.
Wilderness is uncultivated, unpredictable nature. From the beginning of time it has both fascinated and intimidated mankind. Originally, all nature was wilderness. But over the millennia humans have transformed nature into cultural landscapes to such an extent that Europe has lost its wilderness. The few remaining semi-wild landscapes are seriously threatened. And along with them we stand to lose their specially adapted inhabitants, as well as their aesthetic appeal and soothing effect on the mind and body of human visitors. However, once humans cease their cultivation efforts, the long interrupted natural processes may start again, and new wilderness can develop.
The creation of parcels of 1,000 hectares where nature's own dynamic processes are allowed to run their course – this is our goal for Germany in the next few years. We strive towards the establishment and preservation of a network of foundation-owned wilderness areas in combination with other, little disturbed habitats. We humans must develop a deep awareness not only of the permissibility but also the need for a sustainable utilisation of such newly created wilderness areas.
Our efforts in this respect are concentrated on areas in Northeast Germany, and on certain core habitats of Central Europe, such as beech forests and peatland landscapes.