Pollicization surgery is performed when your child has no thumb or when the thumb hypoplasia is more severe. The operation involves creating a functional thumb by transferring another finger (usually the index) to the thumb position.
 - This may seem drastic because an index finger is being sacrificed. However, since thumb function is crucial to overall hand function, having a three-fingered hand with a thumb will enable your child to have considerably better hand function than a four-fingered hand with no thumb.
 - Surgeons and parents sometimes find that a hand with one thumb and three fingers can actually be quite acceptable in appearance. This operation has an excellent track record and its results are reliable. In cases where the index finger is normal and functional, a very good thumb results.
 - The decision to undergo this procedure depends heavily on the condition of your child's index finger. If the index finger cannot move independently or has other problems, your child's doctor may not recommend pollicization.
If the thumb is completely missing, index pollicization surgery moves the index finger into the thumb position. The index finger is separated at the growth plate, a section of the finger is removed from the hand, and the remaining finger is relocated to where it can serve as a thumb.


Dealing With Substance Abuse During a Pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic interrupted society's concept of "normal," forcing a new normal that involves social distancing, self-isolation and face masks. The interruption of routines has caused many people to feel isolated, stressed and uncertain.
Although this is a difficult time for everyone, the pandemic can be especially difficult for people struggling with substance abuse. Since some rehabilitation centers are closed due to social distancing, some people have no choice but to deal with the situation at home, which can make their situation more challenging.
How Does COVID-19 Affect People with Substance Abuse Disorder?
The current pandemic can affect a person physically, mentally and emotionally in one (or more) of the following ways:
Stress Response
The body physically reacts to stressful situations. The heart races, pupils dilate, muscles tense and the blood pressure rises. There is also a chemical reaction in the brain that triggers cravings during stress. The more stressed an individual is, the higher the intensity of their cravings.
Each person has a coping mechanism to deal with stress. Some people cope by eating or exercising. For people struggling with substance abuse, they are more prone to turn to their comfort coping mechanisms of drugs or alcohol. If they use these substances to cope with their stress, they are more prone to fall back on those behaviors.
Immune System Response
Most substances impact a person's immune system by decreasing the body's natural defense system against viruses and pathogens. COVID-19, a respiratory disease, often attacks the lungs. Smoking marijuana, meth or tobacco increases lung inflammation, as well as an individual's risk for severe COVID-19 complications.
People with a substance use disorder are advised to get in touch with their healthcare providers in case they develop symptoms of COVID-19 symptoms, such as a cough, sore throat, fever, difficulty in breathing and/or a runny nose.
Changes in Routine
Routines provide a comfort zone for many people, particularly for those who struggle with substance abuse. They also encourage healthy habits and lower stress levels. Structures are helpful for people in recovery, especially during the earlier days of their recovery process.
Changes in routine due to the COVID-19 pandemic put people at higher risk for cravings since their coping strategies have been disrupted. They need to develop new strategies or routines to continue their journeys of recovery.
Feelings of Isolation.
To reduce the transmission of COVID-19, many state governments have implemented stay-at-home orders. These measures are helpful for minimizing the spread of the virus, but they can cause feelings of isolation. Prolonged periods of isolation is unhealthy for some people, but individuals struggling with substance abuse can struggle more in isolation.
It's easier for people to manage their substance abuse concerns when they are engaged in spontaneous social activities, such as meeting with friends for a meal. For now, the pandemic has changed social interactions. While virtual options are available, not everyone is satisfied with the digital alternative.
When a person is in the earlier stages of their recovery from substance abuse, they need support from a community to maintain their recovery. COVID-19 poses a challenge due to the social distancing measures put out by the government.
How to Treat and Prevent Substance Abuse During COVID-19
If you or a loved one is struggling with substance abuse, know that support and help are still possible despite the changing world.
To cope with substance abuse, consider the following:
 - Use telehealth, when possible. Studies suggest that using telemedicine to provide treatment for substance abuse is an effective alternative to physical consultations. If the patient needs consultation immediately, schedule a telehealth session with your physician as soon as possible.
 - Take advantage of online support. The pandemic is a vulnerable time for everyone. In the absence of face-to-face sessions and recovery meetings, therapists and psychologists encourage patients to seek support online. For example, most Narcotics Anonymous and Alcoholics Anonymous programs have moved online. Connections, an evidence-based app, can also connect patients to support groups and counselors.
 - Encourage harm-reduction practices. Find ways to avoid the additional risks presented by COVID-19. A person struggling with substance abuse should never be alone. To balance the need for social distancing with the need for socialization, patients should use video conferencing platforms to make sure their loved ones are checking on them.
 - Encourage new hobbies. Despite the limitations presented by COVID-19, there are still many ways to distract a patient or yourself from using substances. Learning a new hobby is one way to do so. Use the time to learn how to dance, to sing, to drive or to use acrylic paint on fabric.
The pandemic may have added challenges to people struggling with substance abuse, but it doesn't have tocause a relapse. Despite the social distancing and self-isolation measures set, you can still find a way to help yourself or a loved one.
We will be happy to hear your thoughts
Leave a reply
Viral Rang
Enable registration in settings - general


text:
Research Shows Texas Having A Link To Antarctica
Scientists have long thought that Earth's continents once formed a "supercontinent" called Pangaea. Now they've found evidence that parts of North America and East Antarctica were joined in a supercontinent called Rodinia 1.1 billion years ago — even earlier than Pangaea.
"I can go to the Franklin Mountains in West Texas and stand next to what was once part of Coats Land in Antarctica," said geochemist Staci Loewy, who led the work. "That's so amazing."
That certainly would be amazing to anyone living in West Texas, where temperatures have been hitting the 100-degree mark for weeks.
The researchers found that the composition of magnetic isotopes in rocks taken from Antarctica's Coats Land were "indistinguishable from rocks of the Keweenawan province" in Michigan. The U.S. rocks come from a rift that runs from the Great Lakes to Texas.
The two rock samples are reportedly the exact same age and have identical chemical properties.
"Together with paleomagnetic data, this suggests that the Coats Land block was a piece of Laurentia near west Texas 1.1 billion years ago," according to a press release about the research results.
Loewy works out of California State University, Bakersfield. The study's results are being published in the September issue of Geology.
On a related note, a recent article at io9 looks at how flaws within diamonds give clues to how the Earth was acting when they were created — and how it's changed.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Shepherds Rest
Shepherd's Rest
Located 8 leagues south of Buckhorn, Shepherd's Rest gained its name from the legendary song of the lowly shepherd who fell asleep for twenty years after drinking from a faerie spring, only to awaken with a great white beard and sorrow in his heart. Other local legends tell of a group of shepherds who were slaughtered by brutes, and their flesh cooked in with the lamb to make a vile stew, which to this day the brutes love to eat. In any case, the village of Shepherd's Rest was completely wiped out over a decade ago. After a group of heroic adventurers defeated the brutes that had made it their home, civilized men braved to rebuild the village. Unfortunately, the War destroyed the village once more, and there are officially no current efforts to rebuild it.
Recently, it has been discovered that a lone faithful monk is building a shrine and hostel in the ruined village, and intends to make the place his home, welcoming all travelers and pilgrims.
Principality of the Golden Reaches
Kingdom of the Lake
Shepherds Rest
Shimmering Kingdoms PhoenixMark


Fucibet is indicated for the treatment of eczematous dermatoses including atopic eczema, infantile eczema, discoid eczema, stasis eczema, contact eczema and seborrhoeic eczema when secondary bacterial infection is confirmed or suspected.
What is Fucibet cream used for?
 - Fucibet cream and Fucibet lipid cream are used to treat infected eczema or dermatitis.
 - Both creams contain betamethasone 0.1%, a potent steroid to reduce skin inflammation, together with an antibiotic called fusidic acid that treats bacterial infection.
How does Fucibet cream work?
 - Betamethasone is a type of medicine called a topical corticosteroid. It works by stopping skin cells releasing various inflammatory substances that make blood vessels widen and cause the skin to become red, swollen, itchy and painful. It reduces the swelling, redness and itching and so helps prevent scratching that can further irritate the skin.
 - Fusidic acid is an antibiotic medicine used to treat infections with bacteria. It works by stopping bacteria from producing essential proteins, without which the bacteria cannot grow and increase in numbers.
The remaining bacteria die or are destroyed by the immune system. This clears up the infection.
Who shouldn't use Fucibet cream?
Fucibet cream can be used by most people, including adults, elderly people, children and babies. However, Fucibet lipid cream should not be used on children under six years of age. If you're using Fucibet on a child, don't apply it to large areas of skin or underneath nappies unless your doctor tells you to.
 - Bacterial skin infections that aren't associated with eczema or dermatitis, for example impetigo.
 - Fungal skin infections such as athlete's foot, ringworm or candida skin infections.
 - Lesions caused by tuberculosis or syphilis.
 - Acne vulgaris (spots).
 - Acne rosacea.
 - Widespread plaque psoriasis.
Can I use Fucibet cream while pregnant or breastfeeding?
 - Only if your doctor thinks it's essential.
If your doctor says you can use Fucibet cream while pregnant or breastfeeding you should not use it on large areas of skin, underneath airtight dressings, or for prolonged periods of time. This will minimise any absorption of the steroid. If you need to apply the cream to your breasts don't do this shortly before giving a feed. Ask your doctor or pharmacist for further information.
How do I use Fucibet?
 - Wash your hands before applying the cream.
 - Fucibet cream should be applied thinly to the affected areas of skin, as directed by your doctor. The cream is usually applied twice a day, morning and evening.
 - Don't use the cream on your face unless instructed to by your doctor. Don't apply it to broken skin or the genitals and take care to avoid getting the cream in your eyes, nose or mouth. Rinse it off with water if you accidentally get the cream in these areas.
 - Wash your hands thoroughly after applying Fucibet, unless the hands are the area being treated.
 - Don't cover the treated area with dressings (this includes bandages, nappies and waterproof pants) unless directed to by your doctor. Dressings can increase the absorption of the medicine, which can increase the risk of getting side effects. If you use dressings you may only need to apply the cream once a day. Always follow your doctor's instructions.
 - Don't use the cream for more than seven days unless instructed to by your doctor. If the infection doesn't seem to be clearing up within seven days, or if it seems to be spreading or getting worse you should see your doctor.
It's important that you don't use Fucibet for longer than prescribed, or for treating future infections without consulting your doctor. Prolonged use of potent steroids like Fucibet can cause side effects and repeated use of antibacterial medicines can cause the skin to become over-sensitive or allergic to the medicine. It may also result in the bacteria becoming resistant to the antibiotic.
What are the side effects of Fucibet?
Medicines and their possible side effects can affect people in different ways. The following are some of the side effects that may be associated with Fucibet cream. Just because a side effect is stated here doesn't mean that all people using this medicine will experience that or any side effect.
 - Skin irritation, eg redness, rash, itching or burning sensation after applying the cream.
 - Allergic inflammation of the skin (contact dermatitis). Stop using Fucibet and see your doctor if you think you've experienced a reaction or your skin condition appears to be getting worse.
 - Thinning of the skin.
 - Reduced skin pigmentation.
 - Stretch marks.
 - Fine blood vessels becoming prominent under the skin.
 - Excessive hair growth.
Side effects are more likely if you apply excessive amounts of Fucibet, and if you use it more than twice a day, for longer than two weeks, underneath dressings, on broken or raw skin, on delicate areas of skin like the face, or on areas of skin that rub together like armpits or skin folds. Children are more susceptible to side effects from using the cream in this way.
If you experience any changes in your vision while using Fucibet, such as blurred vision, you should tell your doctor.
Can I use Fucibet with other medicines?
 - If you apply moisturisers shortly before or after applying Fucibet they can dilute the medicine and potentially make it less effective. Try to apply your moisturisers at a different time of day, or at least 30 minutes before or after this one.


text:
|Syrphid Fly: also known as a Flower or Hover Fly.|
Syrphid Flies are a family of 6,000 or so flies in the Order Diptera. They are best known for being bee mimics. By looking like bees or wasps, many predators avoid them thinking they might get stung, although actually they are harmless and incapable of stinging. They also mimic bees in being important pollinators of flowers as well. This is why they are sometimes also called Flower Flies and Hover Flies (for hovering around flowers). A closer look however reveals they have only 2 wings (not the 4 of bees/wasps), very short antennae, and huge eyes, unlike the long antennae and smaller eyes of bees/wasps.
|Syrphid Fly maggot (larva)|
Although I had often noticed Syrphid Flies around flowers, I really got acquainted with them one day when I was working the gardens at a nature center and noticed a slug-like creature among a large congregation of aphids. The way it ate its prey was fascinating: it would rip an aphid off the plant, hold it over its head and eat it alive. The whole time the aphid would be kicking its feet frantically in the air while being devoured.
|A Syrphid Fly maggot eating an aphid|
Being curious, I raised the creature, amazed at the huge amount of aphids it consumed each day. Soon it pupated and what emerged was a beautiful Syrphid Fly. I did some research and now realize how valuable they can be in a garden. Not only are Syrphid Flies often considered the second best pollinators in the world after bees, but many species are also valuable as biological controls. By feasting on many insect pests such as aphids (up to 400 of them before changing into an adult), they perform yet another valuable function for us in our yards and gardens. They are beneficial in both ways, and are fascinating mimics as well, being wonderful additions to our gardens and yards.
|A Syrphid Fly laying eggs among aphids on a Cupplant|

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Comparing Maximum Likelihood and Generalized Method of Moments in Short Term Interest Rate Models
Not peer reviewed
MetadataShow full item record
In this thesis we will look at some different continuous models for predicting the short term interest rate, and focus on the method of parameter estimation in such models. A particular focus will be placed on the method of Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE), which has not been the most common method of estimation in this context. Furthermore, we will compare MLE to the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM), and both methods will be used in simulation experiments and on different sets of real data. Our starting point for investigation will be the model used in Chan et al.(1992), a model in which several of the most popular short rate models can be nested. We will use a discrete-valued approximation of this model to facilitate the estimation of parameters. In conclusion, this thesis argues that the MLE method of parameter estimation in short term interest rate models deserves more attention than it is currently given. In simulation experiments, the MLE method produced more accurate and precise estimates than the GMM method. Specifically, the bias in estimating the mean-reversion parameter is smaller using the MLE method. These results are particularly interesting as the GMM method is currently the common approach to parameter estimation in short term interest rate models. However, as will be shown in this thesis, it may very well be that the MLE method constitutes a better approach than GMM for such estimations. The results in this thesis may therefore contribute to the theoretical perspective as well as the real-world applications of methods of parameter estimation in predicting the short term interest rate.
PublisherThe University of Bergen
Copyright the Author. All rights reserved


text:
Classification Rules and Regulations
IPC Powerlifting published an updated version of the IPC Powerlifting Classification Rules and Regulations – version 3 (March 2015). This document replaces any previous version of the IPC Powerlifting Classification Rules and Regulations and came into force on 1 March 2015.
The rules reflect the wording of the IPC Classification Code and are a revised version of the previous IPC Classification Rules.
To ensure competition is fair and equal, all Paralympic sports have a system in place which ensures that winning is determined by skill, fitness, power, endurance, tactical ability and mental focus, the same factors that account for success in sport for able bodied athletes.
This process is called classification and its purpose is to minimise the impact of impairments on the activity (sport discipline). Having the impairment thus is not sufficient. The impact on the sport must be proved, and each in Paralympic sport, the criteria of grouping athletes by the degree of activity limitation resulting from the impairment are named 'Sport Classes'. Through classification, it is determined which athletes are eligible to compete in a sport and how athletes are grouped together for competition. This, to a certain extent, is similar to grouping athletes by age, gender or weight.
Classification is sport-specific because an impairment affects the ability to perform in different sports to a different extent. As a consequence, an athlete may meet the criteria in one sport, but may not meet the criteria in another sport.
Powerlifting is open for athletes with all eight eligible physical impairments listed in the introduction, if these impairments have a certain severity that impacts on sport performance. All athletes have an impairment in their lower limbs or hips, which would prohibit them to compete in able-bodied weightlifting. For example, athletes with a single or double amputation through or above the ankle or stiffness of the knee joint would be eligible to compete. All eligible athletes compete in one sport class, but in different weight categories.


text:
Background: Having a network of close relationships may reduce the risk of developing dementia. However, social exchange theory suggests that social interaction entails both rewards and costs. The effects of quality of close social relationships in later life on the risk of developing dementia are not well understood.
Objective: To investigate the effects of positive and negative experiences of social support within key relationships (spouse or partner, children, other immediate family, and friends) on the risk of developing dementia in later life.
Methods: We analyzed 10-year follow up data (2003/4 to 2012/13) in a cohort of 10,055 dementia free (at baseline) core participants aged 50 years and over from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). Incidence of dementia was identified from participant or informant reported physician diagnosed dementia or overall score of informant-completed IQCODE questionnaire. Effects of positive and negative experiences of social support measured at baseline on risk of developing dementia were investigated using proportional hazards regression accommodating interval censoring of time-to-dementia.
Results: There were 340 (3.4%) incident dementia cases during the follow-up. Positive social support from children significantly reduced the risk of dementia (hazard ratio, HR = 0.83, p = 0.042, 95% CI: 0.69 to 0.99). Negative support from other immediate family (HR = 1.26, p = 0.011, CI: 1.05 to 1.50); combined negative scores from spouse and children (HR = 1.23, p = 0.046, CI: 1.004 to 1.51); spouse, children, and other family (HR = 1.27, p = 0.021, CI = 1.04 to 1.56); other family & friends (HR = 1.25, p = 0.033, CI: 1.02 to 1.55); and the overall negative scores (HR = 1.31, p = 0.019, CI: 1.05 to 1.64) all were significantly associated with increased risk of dementia.
Conclusion: Positive social support from children is associated with reduced risk of developing dementia whereas experiences of negative social support from children and other immediate family increase the risk. Further research is needed to better understand the causal mechanisms that drive these associations.
Identifying ways to prevent or delay the onset of dementia is key to managing the health and economic impact of the disease. Recent research has demonstrated potential for primary prevention and delayed onset of the disease by manipulating exposure to modifiable risk factors. Norton et al. estimated that around a third of Alzheimer's disease cases worldwide might be attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors such as physical inactivity and diabetes. Most of the lifestyle and social factors are modifiable and there is substantial evidence in the literature suggesting a broad range of such factors that could influence the risk of cognitive decline and dementia [1–3].
A large body of literature exists that consistently shows that social connections have an important influence on health and wellbeing in older age [4, 5]. For example, being more socially engaged [6, 7] and having a rich network of close relationships, including being married and having adult children [8–11], are thought to reduce the risk of cognitive decline and developing dementia. Specifically, older people's personal networks have been regarded as an important source of social support (e.g., assistance, perceived or actual, offered in the form of understanding and reassurance, financial help, personal advice, etc.) that enhances well-being and facilitates adaptation to life stress. However, social interactions are thought to entail both rewards and costs, and research interest in the negative (being critical, unreliable, and annoying), as well as the positive (understanding, reliable, and approachable), aspects of personal social relations in older age has grown over the past decades. A central focus of much of this research has been the question of which of the largely uncorrelated positive (e.g., enacted support including affect, encouragement, etc.) or negative (e.g., demands, criticism, etc.) dimensions of social support has greater impact on older persons' health and well-being [14, 15]. While positive and supportive social bonds can be satisfying and beneficial, negative social support can be a source of intense interpersonal stress which may have a negative impact on both physical and mental health of older adults. Although there are published reports on the influence of positive and negative social support on disability, depressive symptoms, and psychological well-being [18, 19], to our knowledge, evidence on their potential impact on the risk of developing dementia in older age is lacking.
As part of the Promoting Independence in Dementia (PRIDE) research programme (_URL_ the aim of this paper is to determine the relative importance of positive and negative experiences of social support in late life for subsequent development of dementia in a sample of participants from a large, prospective, population-based study of older people. Specifically, given that different members in older people's social networks may serve different roles and functions, we performed source-specific analyses whereby we studied the associations between positive and negative social support and dementia risk separately according to relationship type, i.e., spouse/partner, children, other immediate family, and friends. We hypothesized that: 1) positive social support would have a favorable influence on dementia incidence whereas negative support would increase the risk of developing dementia; and 2) these associations would be stronger (i.e., have larger effect sizes) for emotionally-close relationships such as spouses/partners and children relative to other family and friends.
We analyzed data on a cohort of 10,055 core participants who were dementia free in 2002/3 (wave 1) from ELSA, a panel study of a representative sample of men and women aged 50 and over living in the community in England. In addition to being dementia free at baseline, participants of the study sample were required to complete the questionnaire for positive or negative social support ( Supplementary Table 1) for at least one of the relationships (spouse, children, other immediate family, friend). We refer "other immediate family" or "other family" to indicate family members not including children and spouse such as brothers, sisters, cousins, parents, or grandchildren. ELSA involves data collection by computer-assisted personal interviews every two years, and we identified dementia incidences from up to six waves, covering a period of ten years. The exposure variables (the experiences of positive and negative social support) were measured at baseline (wave 1).
Ethical approval for all the ELSA waves was granted from the National Research and EthicsCommittee (_URL_
Identification of dementia incidence
Information about dementia was reported either by the participant or an informant if an eligible participant was physically or cognitively impaired, in hospital or temporarily in care during the interview period. Any responsible adult (aged 16 years or over) who knew enough about the respondent's circumstances to be able to provide information about them, such as a close family member (partner or child), fulfilled the role of an informant. Incidence of dementia during the study period [wave 2 (2004) to wave 6 (2012)] was identified from several sources of information: (i) participant or informant reported physician diagnosed dementia or Alzheimer's disease, or (ii) overall score of the informant completed IQCODE questionnaire. The short-form IQCODE questionnaire consists of 16 items asking the informant to comment on the ability of the person compared with 10 years ago to perform various functions (e.g., remembering the names of family) on a 5-point scale ranging from 1 (much improved) to 5 (much worse). We used the cut-off point of 3.5 of the overall score (average of the responses on all 16 items) to define dementia which has high specificity and good sensitivity. On the basis of the above criteria, there were 340 incident cases of dementia within the study cohort during wave 2 (2004) to wave 6 (2012). Of the 340 cases, 284 were identified from the reports of physician diagnosed dementia or Alzheimer's disease and the remaining 56 were identified based on the IQCODE score.
Exposures: Experience of positive and negative social support
Measures of positive and negative experiences of social support for each relationship (spouse or partner, children, other immediate family, friends) were calculated based on responses at baseline (wave 1) on a set of six items within the self-completed "Health and lifestyle of people aged 50 and over" questionnaire. Three items were used to measure positive experiences of social support and the remaining three for negative experiences (see Supplementary Table 1). All items were measured on a 4-point scale ranging from 1 (at lot) to 4 (not at all). We reverse coded the scales so that higher value indicated more of the positive or negative experiences: 1 (not at all) to 4 (a lot). For each individual relationship (spouse, children, other family, or friend), experience of positive or negative support score was calculated by averaging the reverse coded scores of the three items (a, b and c) displayed in Supplementary Table 1. We have also calculated four sets of overall scores by averaging the scores for various combinations of individual relationships: (1) mean across all four relationships (spouse, children, other family, friends), (2) mean across spouse, children, and other family, (3) mean for spouse and children, and (4) mean for other family and friends. In calculating


text:
Some scents cause strong positive reactions in humans. Chocolate. Hot apple pie. Quality perfumes. But none approach the power of catnip to influence our feline pets. That's because human brains are physiologically different, and our sense of smell not nearly as refined. And since there is no scent that causes such a powerful reaction in humans, catnip is hard for us to understand.
Catnip is a perennial herb, Nepeta cateria, a member of the mint family. It is not addictive, and is completely safe for cats. Your cat will probably love an occasional catnip treat.
The catnip reaction
The catnip response affects all of the cat's senses - touch, smell, sight, sound, and taste. Usually powerful, the intensity varies widely among cats. Responses may include initial investigation, oral contact, grasping and kicking, and abandonment, and a number of other behaviors, including…
The reaction to catnip normally lasts a few minutes, and then the behavior quickly subsides. It can then take an hour or two away from the catnip for the cat to "reset." Then, the same reaction can occur again.
- Licking and chewing
- Head shaking
- Chin and cheek rubbing
- Head-over roll and body rubbing
- Eating the catnip
- Mewing and purring
The chemistry of catnip
Although no one knows exactly what happens in the cat's brain, it is known that the chemical nepetalactone in catnip triggers the response, kicking off a stereotypical pattern in cats that are sensitive to the chemical. The catnip reaction is inherited in an autosomal dominant gene. Up to a third of adult cats, in which the gene is not present, are totally unaffected by catnip. Kittens under 3 months of age do not usually react to catnip, either.
Types of catnip
Catnip can be found in the wild, grown in herb gardens, or purchased in many dried forms. Most cat owners find using dried catnip in its many configurations to be the most convenient.
Fresh - During summer months catnip is fairly easy to grow. You can allow your cat access to the garden, or harvest leaves and bring them into the house. Catnip may also be grown in indoor gardens, providing a fresh supply of leaves, and possibly distracting cats from chewing ornamental houseplants.
When your cat brushes against or paws fresh catnip leaves it releases their powerful oils and irresistible scent. Should your cat eat fresh or processed catnip it is not a problem. Your cat is just satisfying her taste for
greens. Keep in mind that your cat's reaction to the catnip is due to scent, not ingestion.
Dried - Catnip plants exist in a number of varieties and have a tremendous variance in the pungency of their scent. When harvesting, drying and processing catnip, it is important that the manufacturer take every step possible to retain its scent and essential oils. To be effective, catnip needs to be fresh. To retain its potency, it needs to be stored in a place where it will not be overly dried.
Best ways to provide catnip
We located and tested many types of catnip in order to provide cat owners the most potent, consistent, and highest quality products possible. Each of the following will maximize the fun for your cat.
- Toys - Catnip is incorporated into thousands of popular cat
- Flakes and Pellets - Always look for fresh, 100% pure catnip. Most
pellets are 50% stronger than
flakes. Both flakes and pellets can be inserted in replenish toys, offered in bowls, or sprinkled about the cat's favorite play zone.
- Spray - Using a convenient
spray mist, catnip may be applied to cat furniture and play areas to enhance or modify behavior. For example, application of catnip to a scratching post could make it more attractive than your new sofa.
Catnip is by no means necessary for the well-being of any cat, but it is pleasant, safe, and fun. We recommend that you give catnip about once a week to ensure that the effects do not diminish.


text:
The most distinctive theological tension that is had in Protestant theology is the tension between faith and works. Once Martin Luther propounded the doctrine of justification by faith from the Apostle Paul in contradistinction to the works of the Law that he connected to the Roman Catholic system of penance and absolution of sins,
Wesleyan theology developed a distinctive response to this by Wesley's emphasis on the doctrine of sanctification. Where when coming to faith, the God's grace justifies the believer, the person has become freed from sin and the work of God leads them to become sanctified. Justifying grace and sanctifying grace are two of the linchpins of Wesleyan soteriology that address the Protestant tension between faith and works.
However, the third part of Wesley's soteriology including the notion of prevenient grace that comes to a person prior to belief. The primary function prevenient grace has had within Wesleyan soteriology is to define an Arminian that accepted the Calvinist doctrine of Total Depravity while not leading to the conclusion that God only predestined a limited number of people for salvation. By positing that God was bestowing grace upon non-believers that restored a sense of free will lost as a result of the Fall that enabled them to repent and believe in Jesus Christ, Calvinist predestination was not the logical conclusion of Total Depravity. In essence, prevenient grace within Wesleyan theology allows a response to the tension between the spiritual weakness of humanity and the universal love of God.
However, in light of my own readings of the Gospel of John and Romans (particularly Romans 5), I would suggest that the doctrine of Total Depravity and the Fall is deeply problematic from an exegetical perspective, not to mention theologically suspect. The Calvinist doctrine of Total Depravity posits an ontological change in what it means to be human, pulling from Augustine's own understanding of the Fall; because of sin, humans lost all ability to
If this reading of the Bible renders the doctrine of Total Depravity as either a) false or b) in need of a reformulation, what place does prevenient grace have in a Wesley theology that is re-situated to this theological interpretation of Scripture? If it no longer necessary as a logical axiom to traverse the gap between
In his sermon "On Working Out Your Own Salvation," Wesley describes two modes of grace that precedes the saving, justifying grace that comes with faith: preventing and convincing grace. The former was connected to early notions of a nascent desire to please God and very rudimentary knowledge about God's will and the sin the non-believer has. The later, convincing grace, Wesley describe as bringing "a larger measure of self-knowledge, and a farther deliverance from the heart of stone." The tradition of Wesleyan theology has
However, it is important here to distinguish two different overlapping meanings of the word "learning." Most people's definition of learning will come from the idea of school, where people are taught on certain subjects to get a certain grade and pass. Given that this education is compulsory in the Western world up to a certain age, most people's notions of learning are influenced by the setting. I am not referring to a formal teaching setting. I am actually referring to something closer to what happens in post-graduate research degrees, but without any need for professors, deadlines, evaluations, and all the reading. Learning as something we people do when we are a) interested in something and b) are given
Put in this light, we might tentatively reframe Wesley's idea of prevenient grace as this: God providing people the desire, opportunity, and experiences/information to learn about Him prior to coming to faith. One of the common criticisms of prevenient grace is that it doesn't seem to be easy to find in the Scriptures. By connecting it to the concept of enabling a free will to repent and believe, which at best is only minimally referenced in the Scriptures in a rather oblique manner, prevenient grace seem to be exegetically under-determined at best, wild speculation at worst. However, connecting prevenient grace to the concept of learning can be readily seen in the Gospel of John and in the Apostle Paul.
Firstly, John 6.44-45 predicates God's drawing and teaching of people as occurring prior to them coming to Jesus. Through this, they would come to believe in Jesus who was God's Logos/very wisdom embodied as a human person,1 allowing people to become children of God.2 Then, through continued observance of Jesus' teaching, people would be set free from sin.3 Here, we can see learning, faith, and spiritual formation all functioning together.
Then Paul in 1 Corinthians 2.1-5 describes his evangelistic "method" as being bare bones, only entailing a narrative testimony about the crucifixion of Jesus and a powerful demonstration of the Spirit so that people would have faith in God.4 However, there was an expectation of maturity by which people could receive and learning wisdom as in 1 Corinthians 2.6-16. However, as Paul states in 1 Corinthians
However, there is one notable difference between the Johannine order and the Pauline order. In the Gospel of John, learning from Jesus precedes being set free from sin. However, for Paul, being able to learn wisdom follows a change of behavior.
However, here is an important place to clarify. We often think of learning as gaining some set of abstract knowledge that we can express verbally. But there are other forms of learning, such as tacit learning, where we may not be able to clearly express what we are learning, but it does nevertheless change how we think, feel, and act. We might refer to this more colloquially as unconscious learning. However, people can become conscious of such tacit learning, although it is routinely of a more shadowy, hazy type of recognition than that which has any sense of clear, analytic or linguistic precision associated with it. For instance, Dru Johnson observes the disciples seemed to come up with a tacit awareness after Jesus' breaking of bread after their walk to Emmaus when they said. "Did not our hearts burn within us while he talked to us on the road, while he opened to us the Scriptures?" (Luke 24.32)5 What is critical, however, is that people's patterns of thinking, feeling, and action experience sort of change, particularly towards a specific object, person, topic, or focus of attention, such as God.
Furthermore, this form of learning doesn't convey a form of learning that an analytic philosopher of epistemology would refer to as knowledge. For them, knowledge is a true belief that has obtained some sort of justification for belief. For many philosophers engaging in
Rather, this form of learning directs people in how they think, feel, and act, particularly in reference to God. It may in some instances culminate in a more analytic form of knowledge as part of an undergirding motivation for an Anselmian "faith seeking understanding." However, this is a form of learning that precedes and enables faith as much as it is might strengthen and come to comprehend faith. It provides the underlying concepts by which we come to understand God's will and character that moves us to trust Jesus to show us the way to God.6 It is the type of learning that determines the type of judgments we make, rather than learning of specific judgments themselves.7 Thus, through this manner in which human judgments are formed, people come to recognize Jesus as coming from God, enabling faith, and coming to recognize God's will and one's own behavior in comparison to God's will, enabling sanctification.
Thus, by connecting Wesley's notion of prevenient grace to the idea of learning, we provide a rich framework for understanding the normative manner in which God's ultimate telos of forming humanity into the image of God in Jesus Christ, that is sanctification, occurs. Furthermore,
But as I said before, this is done as part of re-situating Wesleyan theology in a different context from the standard Western account of the Fall. Rather than prevenient grace being an act in which there is a metaphysical change to human nature, such as providing what we know as free will, the change that occurs with prevenient grace is predicated of God's relation to humanity. God draws near, comes close. John 1.1-18 is the story of how the life found in the Logos, through whom all things were created, is embodied in a human person. The two effects of the Fall in Genesis, the deprivation of life and the distance from God, are remedied when the Logos became flesh. Even the Torah, which the Johannine prologue makes references to, and it's tabernacle system later constituted within the Temple8 could be considered an early form of God's nearing presence (but not so close, so clear, so intimate) that teaches and prepares people for faith in Jesus.9 As God draws nears, discloses Himself, and acts, God engages in a Divine pedagogy of human persons, remedying the epistemic absence of God's distancing from the Fall, hindering any reliable knowing of God. Thus, in the end, prevenient grace isn't so much about what happens to us as humans in our human nature, but what God does to us to guide us in our learning of Him and His will. Rather than God transforming human nature so that we can know God, learning of God through what only God can do transforms us to know God.
Consequently, this puts the standard Protestant tension between faith and works into the background, placing the emphasis upon the Divine pedagogy of human learning that precedes, enables


text:
New Study Takes First Steps to Improve the Quality of Health Care for Chronically Ill Children
November 15, 2010
Data mining method helps hospitals better identify needs of their sickest patients and could reduce health care costs
Children with chronic health conditions such as cystic fibrosis, type 1 diabetes, sickle cell diseases and cerebral palsy represent less than two percent of the population but can consume more than 50 percent of resources at children's hospitals throughout the country. Coordinating care for these children has historically been difficult because hospitals have varying methods to identify them in their systems. In a new study led by John Neff, MD, of Seattle Children's Research Institute, researchers developed a unique method to identify children with serious lifelong chronic conditions using hospital discharge data that will enable children's hospitals to improve the quality of care for these patients and reduce costs. The study, "Identifying Children with Lifelong Chronic Conditions for Care Coordination Using Hospital Discharge Data," published online November 15 in Academic Pediatrics. (For a full copy of the study, please contact the media contact listed below or Academic Pediatrics.)
"In the long run, if we can identify these children, their cost patterns and needs, hospitals can then work with the state and health plans to provide support for the care coordination that they need. This should result in better quality of care and hopefully lower costs for these children," said Dr. Neff, clinical director at The Center for Children with Special Needs at Seattle Children's Hospital.
"One of the big barriers in the past is that hospitals have not known who their patient population is and have not been able to systematically identify them," added Neff. "Categorizing children with complex or multiple chronic conditions is particularly difficult because of the general infrequency and variable nature of their conditions. Because hospitals haven't had a reliable method to identify these patients, they haven't been able to effectively coordinate their care or know the cost implications to their own hospital."
Findings suggest that children with lifelong chronic conditions require a disproportionate share of resources in children's hospitals and when measured over several years are likely to accrue a high percentage of health costs. The study reviewed one hospital's records from 2007; these children represented 41.1 percent of Seattle Children's Hospital total patients and 71.4 percent of patient days.
Neff and co-investigators combined the use of hospital discharge data from Seattle Children's Hospital and its primary care clinic, Odessa Brown Children's Clinic (OBCC) over seven years from 2001 through 2007. They selected patients whose primary care occurred at OBCC and hospitalization and emergency department care were likely to be at Children's. Using Clinical Risk Groups (CRGs) software to analyze the data - CRGs is a risk adjustment method that has been used with health plan data to identify and stratify individuals into condition and severity groups, but has not previously been used to analyze patients in hospital discharge data - patient information was classified according to complexity of diseases and primary chronic conditions. That data was merged with hospital discharge data to identify what hospital services those patients used.
As a result of this data and methodology, Seattle Children's Hospital is launching a study that will examine how to improve the coordination of care for patients with lifelong chronic conditions, decrease their need for hospitalization and improve their quality of life. The study will follow approximately 600 of these medically complex patients for two years in a clinic that will work with patients' primary care providers to develop care plans and other interventions to improve their care and reduce the need for hospitalization.
"This will be the most comprehensive study of its kind," said Mark Del Beccaro, MD, pediatrician-in-chief at Seattle Children's Hospital. "If we succeed in showing we can improve care and lower costs for the patients and their families, this will also have tremendous implications nationally as these most complex and fragile of patients utilize a significant portion of health care expenditures in every community and state."
Neff's study collaborators were Seattle Children's Holly Clifton, MPH, Kathleen J. Park, MD, MPH, Caren Goldenberg, MPH, Jean Popalisky, DNP, RN, James W. Stout MD, MPH, and Benjamin S. Danielson, MD.
About Seattle Children's Research Institute
Located in downtown Seattle's biotech corridor, Seattle Children's Research Institute is pushing the boundaries of medical research to find cures for pediatric diseases and improve outcomes for children all over the world. Internationally recognized investigators and staff at the research institute are advancing new discoveries in cancer, genetics, immunology, pathology, infectious disease, injury prevention and bioethics, among others. As part of Seattle Children's Hospital, the research institute brings together leading minds in pediatric research to provide patients with the best care possible. Seattle Children's serves as the primary teaching, clinical and research site for the Department of Pediatrics at the University of Washington School of Medicine, which consistently ranks as one of the best pediatric departments in the country. For more information, visit _URL_


text:
experience
- the cost rate (hourly rate)
What I recommend to do now is create a so-called "soft allocation" - i.e. a reservation of an employee. Thanks to this, you can initially allocate them to the project, but know that the booking isn't 100% sure yet. Many of our clients also create so-called draft allocations dedicated to uncertain projects.
This allows you to later create different predictions depending on the variables. For example, you can check the availability of employees without tentative projects or soft allocations.
P.S. In Primetric you can do all of that easily.
4. Compare your initial projects estimations to actual allocations
After you have created your initial / soft allocations, you can compare them to your initial estimates and optimize them to make the data accurate. When you're sure about these allocations, you can change them to "active" (the so-called hard booking - 100% confirmed)
P.S. Sometimes you only need to allocate people to some % of their capacity, or to certain days for a specific number of hours (or a total number of hours). The tool you're using should allow you to handle these use cases without any problems
5. Allocate resources as per demand
Once you identify your resources, it's time to assign them to specific project tasks. Remember to always have a backup plan if a resource suddenly becomes unavailable (for example, due to illness), or a new hire gets a better last-minute offer.
For critical positions, make sure that a new hire joins a little earlier to make sure they're available when the project starts. And if you assigned an existing employee, have a backup resource in place that could do the job for a week or two as the project kicks off.
After identifying the right resource, it's a good idea to allocate them roughly in the long term (not applicable to short projects). You don't allocate people per task, but per the commitment to the project within a given period of time.
Developer A has task A, task B, tax C, task D, and task E to complete in one month. From the human allocation perspective, this doesn't matter so much. But it's important that to implement the above tasks, they need 50 hours - so we allocate a developer to this project for 50h.
This makes the process faster and easier, giving you more clarity. This helps to focus not on specific tasks, but on the disposal and availability of the employee.
6. Track and monitor resource usage
Once the project starts, you can monitor the actual resource utilization rate. You'll be able to see how your plans are realized and instantly identify any discrepancies. For example, you may have overestimated the number of hours required for completing a project phase, or someone forgot to log time (trust me, this happens - and a good utilization rate formula helps a lot!).
7. Adjust your plans to requirements
In most cases, projects are dynamic and change frequently. So, after creating a long-term allocation, make sure to adapt it to the expectations of the team and the client. You can do that during weekly / monthly meetings.
In this case, we "cut" the allocation for a given week/month from the long-term assignment and adjust it to the requirements.
Thanks to this, we gain greater data accuracy.
So, it's all a continuous process that works best:
- for weekly meetings,
- at the beginning/end of the month when the customer places another order.
Best practices for resource allocation at software companies
Consider professional development
Keep an eye on the needs of your employees when assigning them to projects. It's good to use a project management tool that allows storing information about the technologies a developer wants to master. This is something you can't add to your spreadsheet.
Your mode of allocating people to projects can change depending on your specialization.
Some companies create fixed teams allocated to one project - for example, a Flutter mobile development team or a blockchain development team. Allocating these resources to projects is much easier. The same goes for body leasing companies.
But if you have teams created dynamically based on the project requirements, a resource allocation tool is a must-have (though it helps a lot in all cases, of course).
Client rates and employee rates
Always consider these two financial items in your project estimations. Compare client rates to the hourly rates of your employees to find the best match that brings the profit margin you want.
Mode of employment
When allocating resources, pay attention to their employment status. Are they a contractor or a fixed employee that's been part of your team for years? Choose employees rather than contractors for more important projects.
Measure utilization and capacity
Don't forget to monitor your utilization and capacity rate. This helps to understand the accuracy of your estimations, compare plans to reality, and get better at forecasting.
What are the must-have features of resource allocation software?
Today, you can make resource allocation smooth and easy with the help of tools that include a bunch of helpful features like time trackers, calendars, and custom reports.
How to tell that the software you're eyeing has everything an IT company needs? Here are the must-have features of resource allocation solution:
- Gantt-style views and availability heatmaps - this helps to identify team members who have nothing to do and ones overloaded by work.
- Drag & drop scheduler - use it to apply changes to employee schedules.
- Calendar view - ideally, the calendar should be customizable to match your unique needs - for example, changing the perspective between people and projects.
- Different types of bookings - tentative projects, drafts, or reservations help to run simulations and predict demand.
- Centralized skills database - this is how you find the best-suited people for projects based on their availability, skills, and hourly rate.
- Reporting - reports that show utilization rate per employee help to compare plans with reality and take action quickly.
- Public holidays and time-off management - the solution you pick should support you in managing leaves and data about public holidays.
Give Primetric a spin to see what it's like to allocate resources with the help of a modern solution. Sign up for a demo and take the first step towards smart resource allocation.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Annealing can repair a material by allowing atoms to find the minimum energy state; since solids have a surface tension this process will allow cracks to fuse and reverse fatigue. However, annealing comes with it's evil twin: creep. If the atoms have enough thermal energy to remove defects form the crystal they likely will also slowly move in the direction of applied force; the material behaves like a very viscous liquid.
But is it possible, given the right material and temperature, to have annealing without creep? If the energy barrier to remove a dislocation is less than the energy barrier to pull an atom out of the crystal lattice, there could be a temperature sweet-spot in which materials wouldn't fatigue but wouldn't creep either?
share|improve this question
Well, you've given the first order argument that the answer is "no". Any positive answer will almost certainly be (1) slow and (2) very sensitive to getting the temperature just right over the whole regions and for an extended period. – dmckee Jan 22 '13 at 2:02
add comment
2 Answers
up vote 0 down vote accepted
Your question mentions 'fusing' cracks. I think you may be asking whether there are actual examples of what is sometimes referred to as "reversible crack growth." This is often the ideal case discussed when students are learning crack mechanics theory. The closest approximation to reversible crack growth demonstrated in the laboratory that I am aware of are experiments performed using cleavage cracks in mica. The cracks must be made under a vacuum to avoid contamination of the surfaces. When the applied stress is removed the crack can 'heal.' It's never perfectly reversible, because of reasons that can include surface contamination and plastic deformation near the crack tip.
Another strain mechanism that might be approximated (under simple conditions) is possibly stress induced twinning. If the applied stresses are removed and the twinned crystal is heated, the twins might reverse.
'Removing' a dislocation from a crystal lattice means moving the dislocation to a point where it is 'annihilated' by reaction with other defects or a surface. A dislocation may move to a free surface, and out of the lattice. A dislocation loop may shrink down to no radius. Two dislocation segments of exactly opposite Burgers vector may move towards each other cancel out. Dislocation motion means plastic strain. It would be rare that all the strains would cancel out exactly, so in most real cases annealing probably result in at least a little residual strain.
share|improve this answer
It seems that the free energy barriers are identical since dislocations have to move pretty far before annihilating. Crack growth may be reversible, as undoing a crack is exothermic. – Kevin Kostlan Jan 28 '13 at 13:14
add comment
In metals creep proceeds by dislocation movement, and this is also what happens in annealing. Therefore annealing is inseparable from creep because they both occur by the same mechanism.
share|improve this answer
add comment
Your Answer


text:
ʿAqra is a diocese of the Chaldean Church. The diocese was founded in the middle of the nineteenth century.
Before the fourteenth century the ʿAqra or Aqrah region was part of the diocese of Marga, one of the suffragan dioceses in the metropolitan province of Adiabene. This diocese, frequently mentioned in Thomas of Marga's Book of Governors, included the districts of Sapsapa (the Navkur plain south of ʿAqra, on the east bank of the Khazir river), Talana and Nahla d'Malka (two valleys around the upper course of the Khazir river), Beth Rustaqa (the Gomel valley) and probably also several villages in the Zibar district. The diocese is first mentioned in the eighth century (the region was probably in the diocese of Beth Nuhadra previously), and several of its bishops are mentioned between the eighth century and the first half of the thirteenth century. By the second half of the thirteenth century the names of two villages in the Gomel valley, Tella and Barbelli (Billan), were also included in the title of the diocese. Two bishops of Tella and Barbelli are known from the second half of the thirteenth century and a third, Ishoʿyahb, was present at the synod of Timothy II in 1318. The diocese is not mentioned thereafter, and no other bishops are known from the ʿAqra region until the nineteenth century.
The Chaldean diocese of Aqra
As far as is known, neither the Mosul nor the Qudshanis patriarchate had a bishop for the ʿAqra region until the nineteenth century. The colophons of the surviving manuscripts from the ʿAqra region invariably mention the Mosul patriarchs of the Eliya line, and there is no evidence that the Qudshanis patriarchs took any interest in the region before the 1830s. Most of the villages in the ʿAqra region were still traditionalist at the beginning of the nineteenth century (though the Zibar villages of Arena and Barzane had Catholic communities before the end of the eighteenth century), and determined efforts by the Chaldean church to convert them to Catholicism in the 1830s shook their traditional loyalty, enabling the Qudshanis patriarchate to exercise some influence in the region for a short period.
The ʿAqra region had a number of Catholic communities by the end of the eighteenth century, which were included in the Chaldean diocese of ʿAmadiya. Two unsuccessful attempts were made by the patriarch Yohannan VIII Hormizd to give the region its own Chaldean bishop in the 1830s. In 1834, in an attempt to preserve the patriarchal succession in his own family, he sent his nephew Eliya Sefaro to Urmi, where he was consecrated bishop of ʿAqra by the Qudshanis patriarch Shemʿon XVII Abraham. Shortly afterwards Eliya made a Catholic profession of faith and 'was received into the bosom of the Chaldean church'. His consecration was not recognised by the Vatican, and he was suspended. In 1835 he was absolved and sent to Tel Isqof as a priest. The incident was notorious, and Badger's contemporary account is to be preferred to an alternative tradition preserved by Tfinkdji, who stated that Eliya was consecrated at Qudshanis in 1829, and that the patriarch's motive was to harass his old enemy, the metropolitan of ʿAmadiya Joseph Audo.
Soon afterwards Yohnnan VIII Hormizd consecrated a metropolitan named Abraham for the ʿAqra region, who went over to the Qudshanis patriarch Shemʿon XVII Abraham in 1847. In 1850 he was residing in the monastery of Mar ʿAbdishoʿ near Nerem, and was in charge of a diocese of fifteen villages in the ʿAqra region. He is not mentioned again, and as ʿAqra was not included in the dioceses of the Qudshanis patriarchate in 1877 by Cutts, it seems likely that the region had by then returned to its traditional allegiance. In 1852 Eliya Sefaro was again consecrated for ʿAqra, by the patriarch Joseph VI Audo, and a stable Chaldean diocese in the region was finally established. According to a contemporary note in a manuscript from the ʿAqra region, Eliya Sefaro died in Herpa two years after his consecration, on 22 September 1854, and was buried in the village. This date is probably to be preferred to Tfkinkdji's statement (followed by Fiey) that he died in 1863.
Eliya Sefaro was succeeded by Yohannan Eliya Mellus, who was consecrated on 5 June 1864 by Joseph VI Audo. In 1874 Mellus was sent to India during the Malabar schism, and did not return to Kurdistan until 1882. He remained nominally bishop of ʿAqra during this period, but was under suspension until 1889, and for several years after his return lived in Mosul. In 1889 he made his submission to pope Leo XIII, and in 1890 was transferred to the diocese of Mardin by the patriarch Eliya XII ʿAbulyonan. He was succeeded as bishop of ʿAqra by Yaʿqob Yohannan Sahhar, patriarchal vicar of Basra since 1887, who was consecrated for ʿAqra on 25 March 1893.
At the synod of Alqosh in 1894 the newly-elected patriarch ʿAbdishoʿ V Khayyat asked to retain Eliya Joseph Khayyat, bishop-designate of ʿAmadiya, as his patriarchal vicar, and the dioceses of ʿAmadiya and ʿAqra were temporarily united under Yaʿqob Yohannan Sahhar, who was responsible for the united diocese from 23 April 1895 until his death in 1909.
In 1910 the two dioceses were again divided, and between 1910 and 1945 the diocese of ʿAqra was administered by a patriarchal vicar. In 1945 the future patriarch Paul Cheiko was appointed bishop of ʿAqra. In 1957 he was replaced by Andrew Sana, who died in 1977. In 1980 the diocese was placed under the care of ʿAbdalahad Rabban, apostolic administrator of Suleimaniya.
ʿAbdalahad Rabban died on 25 July 1999. The diocese of ʿAqra has remained vacant since his death, and the few remaining Chaldeans in the ʿAqra district are now under the care of an apostolic administrator, Father Youhanna Issa.
Population statistics
In 1850 the traditionalist diocese of ʿAqra included eleven villages in the ʿAqra region and four villages in the Gomel valley, and contained 249 families, 9 priests and 13 churches (Badger). The large villages of Khardes and Herpa and several smaller villages were not included in Badger's list, probably because the majority of their inhabitants were Catholics.
The Chaldean diocese of ʿAqra had a population of 2,718 Chaldeans, with 17 priests, in 1867 (Martin); 1,000 Chaldeans, with 8 priests and 12 churches, in 1896 (Chabot); and 2,390 Chaldeans, with 16 priests and 10 churches, in 1913 (Tfinkdji). All of the villages listed in the traditionalist diocese in 1850 (apart from the Zibar villages of Erdil and Beth Kola) had Catholic communities in 1913, but the process of conversion was far from complete. Eleven villages in the diocese of ʿAqra in 1896, and the last nine villages listed by Tfinkdji in 1913, were'semi-Nestorian'. A recently-published book by Youel Baaba has supplied the Syriac names of the villages in the diocese of ʿAqra.
Chaldean communities in the diocese of ʿAqra, 1913
|Name of Village||Name in Syriac||Number of Believers||Number of Priests||Number of Churches||Name of Village||Name in Syriac||Number of Believers||Number of Priests||Number of Churches|
- Badger, Nestorians, i. 167–8
- Baaba, The Assyrian Homeland, 69 (Syriac section)
- Baaba, Youel A., The Assyrian Homeland before World War I (Alamo, California, 2009


Deinopis subrufa
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Deinopis subrufa
Deinopis subrufa female.jpg
Females are light reddish brown.
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Arachnida
Order: Araneae
Suborder: Araneomorphae
Family: Deinopidae
Genus: Deinopis
Species: D. subrufa
Binomial name
Deinopis subrufa
L. Koch, 1879
Deinopis subrufa (also called Rufous Net-casting Spider) is a species of net-casting spiders. It occurs in eastern Australia and Tasmania. It is a nocturnal hunter, having excellent eyesight, and hunts using a silken net to capture its prey. They feed on a variety of insects - ants, beetles, crickets and other spiders. They can vary in color from fawn to pinkish brown or chocolate brown. Females are about 25mm in body length, males about 22mm. They are not dangerous to humans.
This species is often found on a few strands of web in forest, woodland and heathland, or on flat surfaces, for example on the outside of houses.
Males will usually shed their last skin and then seek a suitable female to mate with. They will rest on the outer skirts of the female's web, and will gently pluck the web to show her that they are interested. Once the male has mated with the female, he dies. The female then constructs a globular egg sac, approximately 10-12mm in diameter. It is generally a light brown or fawn color with black specks on it and contains anywhere from 100-200 eggs. It is usually disguised and protected by a leaf. Once the female has constructed the egg sac and laid the eggs, she will usually leave it to its own protection. After around 3 weeks, the young hatch; like most spiders, they eat the egg sac for nutrients.
The generic name is derived from deinos Greek for "fearful" and opis is Greek for "appearance", hence the common name of "Ogre-faced spiders". The species name subrufa is Latin for "slightly reddish".
External links[edit]


Our beginnings are rather simple.
Finding a natural water source that produces both alkaline and magnesium and to re-define hydration that will benefit athletes before, during, and after strenuous exercise.
That was the mission……..eight years ago. we believed that there were too many waters already on the market that either had alkaline, or had electrolytes, but very few if any had both and even fewer came from a natural source. The Adobe Spring's magnesium content was over FOUR TIMES the recommended daily allowance, which happens to be scientifically proven to be the most critical electrolyte that is required for heart and muscle health, as well as a multitude of other health benefits. Including the prevention of strokes.
It also contained the necessary levels of alkaline for faster water absorption at the cell level, which provides muscles to work at their optimum performance.
Paul Mason, who owns and operates the Adobe Springs with his knowledge of the importance of magnesiumis had a mission to educate the public of its benefits… and opened many eyes of those who were health conscious.
In time, we knew we had found the natural source we were searching for at the Adobe Springs. We wanted to bottle and brand Paul Mason's water to share with everyone who drinks bottled water.
That is how we incorporated the magnesium into our brand M>PWRH2O, with the "M" representing magnesium and educating the world to bring attention to the importance of magnesium in the water we drink.
About Adobe Springs
The Adobe Springs are the only licensed water source in California that meets the UN's World Health Organization's Magnesium Content.
One of the few water sources on the planet that has this amount of naturally produced magnesium, without having harmful levels of Sodium, Acidity and other harmful contaminants and particulates.
Most filtered and bottled water provide little or no magnesium.
The Adobe Springs is rated as one of the healthiest water sources in the world, referenced in Bill Sardis's book, "In search Of the World's Best water" as well as Carolyn Dean's "The Magnesium Miracle".
Magnesium helps maintain muscle and nerve function and keeps heart rhythm steady and bones strong. According to researchers, magnesium is instrumental in preventing heart disease and strokes.
pH Level
The harder you work out, the quicker your performance levels drop due to muscle fatigue caused by the body's buildup of lactic acid and toxins that reduce the body's pH levels, which in turn limit the muscle fibers from their full potential.
However, increasing your body's pH (PH refers to the acidity of drinking water) by drinking alkaline water will boost performance and endurance levels during intense anaerobic activities, such as sprinting and weightlifting.
Why? Alkalinity retains the muscles ability to efficiently use oxygen longer during periods of high physical activities through greater hydration at the cell level.
The pH Scale below will provide a snap shot of how pH (Potential Hydrogen) is measured. Keep in mind that too much alkaline is also not good for the body. The scale below is logarithmic, which means that each whole number is 10 times greater than the previous. For example, a pH of 6 is 10 times more acidic than a pH of 7.
Therefore when some alkaline waters sold advertise an alkalinity of 9 + and the body's pH neutrality is 7. That 9+ PH is 100 times the level of pH from neutral. Not everything greater is better for the body. The recommended range of pH in drinking water is 6.5 to 8.5.
M>PWRH2O is sourced at 8.4 pH.


text:
Website Content Contributions
Introduction to Equilibrium Thermodynamics: Salt Dissolution part of Cutting Edge:Courses:Geochemistry:Activities
Students dissolve simple salts, halite and sylvite, in water at different temperatures and explore the thermodynamics of this simple system to build a foundation for further studies.
Geochemistry all around us part of Cutting Edge:Geochemistry:Activities
We look at a variety of natural waters in and around Appleton over the course of the term. The goal is for students to recognize differences and how those play into the topics we have covered in the course.


text:
created. Under implicit object creation, the point at which an object is created depends upon when it is first referenced. Thus, we might add a seemingly innocuous new line of code to a program that was written many months earlier, and thereby unwittingly change the point at which an object is created. Generally, this is not a problem. However, as we will see, when an object is first created, Visual Basic fires a special event called the Initialize event for that object. If we have placed some time-sensitive code in that event, a change in the creation time of an object could potentially cause problems.
On the other hand, we will see in the chapter on OLE automation that there are circumstances that require the use of implicit object creation. Thus, a good general working rule is to use explicit object creation (even though it takes a few extra lines of code) unless implicit object creation is required.
Referencing Public Variables and Procedures
For the sake of reference, let us pause to collect in one place the rules for declaring and referencing Public variables and procedures in Visual Basic. Note that the rules depend on the type of module in which the variable or procedure is defined.
· Public variables and procedures can be defined in the General Declarations section of a module only - not within procedures.
· Public variables and procedures can be defined in any type of module (form, standard or class).
· A public variable or procedure defined in a standard module can be used throughout the project without qualification.
· A public variable or procedure defined in a form module must be qualified with the form name before it can be addressed. For example, if a form module named frmMain has a public variable or procedure named Pub, then the proper syntax for accessing this variable or procedure from other parts of the project is frmMain.Pub.
· A public variable or procedure defined in a class module must be qualified before it can be addressed. However, unlike the case for form modules, if a class named TestClass has a public variable or procedure named Pub, then we cannot address this variable or procedure as TestClass.Pub, for the simple reason that TestClass is not an object; it is a class (or template for an object). To qualify a public variable or procedure from a class module, you must first instance that class and then use the instance name as a qualifier, as in
Dim ctest As New TestClass
· You cannot define a public fixed-length string or array (or constant or Declare) in a Form or Class Module.
Note that procedures and properties in different modules can have the same name. As long as the fully qualified names are different, there is no problem accessing the correct procedure or property. Some authors suggest that you should not use the same name in different modules, because it can cause confusion. However, this advice precludes taking advantage of an important programming technique known as overloading. In fact, Visual Basic does this very thing all the time, as in, for example, frmMain.ScaleHeight and frmOther.ScaleHeight.


text:
Comparison of Human Regular and Lispro Insulins After Interruption of Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion and in the Treatment of Acutely Decompensated IDDM
- Department of Pediatrics and the Children's Clinical Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, Connecticut
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly Indianapolis, Indiana
- Address correspondence and reprint requests to William V. Tamborlane, MD, Section of Pediatric Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St., New Haven, CT. E-mail:.
OBJECTIVE To compare the rapidity of metabolic decompensation after interruption of CSII between human regular and lispro insulin and to compare these two insulins in the correction of the hyperglycemia and ketosis of mildly decompensated IDDM. Lispro insulin may be especially useful for insulin pump therapy (continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion [CSII]).
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 18 patients with well-controlled IDDM (HbA1c 7.7 ± 1.1%, age 30 ± 11 years) were studied. All were being treated with CSII (nine with human regular and nine with lispro insulin). The study consisted of two phases: 1) an insulin interruption phase, in which the basal insulin infusion was stopped (at 0300) and plasma insulin, glucose, and β-O-hydroxybutyrate (β-OHB) were measured every 15–60 min for 6 h after interruption of the insulin infusion and 2) an insulin replacement phase, which involved measuring plasma insulin, glucose, and (β-OHB for 2 h after a single injection of either human regular or lispro insulin to correct the hyperglycemia and ketosis that developed during the first phase of the study.
RESULTS After interruption of the basal insulin infusion during the insulin interruption phase, plasma insulin levels fell gradually in both groups to nadir values of 1.6 ± 0.8 and 2.0 ±1.2 μU/ml in the regular insulinand insulin lispro-treated groups, respectively. Plasma glucose concentrations rose to 13.8 ±1.9 and 16.0 ±1.7 mmol/1 in the regular insulinand insulin lispro-treated groups, respectively. No significant differences were seen between the therapy groups at any time in the insulin levels or in the concentrations of plasma glucose or (β-OHB. In the insulin replacement phase, insulin levels rose more rapidly in those treated with lispro insulin, reaching a greater peak value (e.g., at 60 min, plasma insulin 25 ± 3.4 vs. 15.6 ± 2.6 μUsol;ml, P < 0.05). In association with this, plasma glucose decreased to a lower nadir after lispro insulin (9.7 ± 0.4 vs. 13.7 ± 0.7 mmol/1, lisprovs. regular-treated groups at 120 min after insulin administration, P <0.01). β-OHB levels decreased rapidly in both groups.
CONCLUSIONS In patients treated with CSII, interruption of the basal insulin infusion in the middle of the night does not result in more rapid metabolic decompensation in patients treated with lispro compared with those treated with regular human insulin. Lispro insulin is effective in treating mild ketosis and hyperglycemia, and its rapid action may be advantageous in the "sick day" management at home of patients with IDDM.
- Received October 13, 1997.
- Revision received January 22, 1998.
- Accepted January 22, 1998.
- Copyright © 1998 by the American Diabetes Association


text:
Early results show that Copenhagen is well advanced on the path to a green economy; however, building on recent achievements, more can be done to accelerate the transition and secure Copenhagen's leadership position in green industries and foster a green way of life for its citizens
This study explores the policy implications of recent OECD research into whether renewable energy can help to develop rural economies, as well as giving insights on how to design and implement effective renewable energy policy in rural areas.
This paper presents recent work to produce environmental indicators at the regional level from geographic data sources. New indicators have been tested and produced in five different domains: land cover, forest ecosystems, urban density, CO2 emissions, and air quality.
Regional and rural
Green growth issues are also dealt with in the OECD, Rural Policy Reviews and Territorial Reviews series, including recent studies on Québec, Canada, Guangdong, China, Chicago, USA, and the NORA Region.


Every Finger is Connected With 2 Organs: Japanese Methods For Curing About a 5 Minutes!
Did you know every finger on your hands can trigger recovery of two organs of your body? This is a technique used in a Japanese healing art called Jin shin Jitsu. In reality, this can likewise assist in supporting or balancing your emotions just by pressings a particular point on the finger which is the stimulant for that emotion.
These considerable points on your fingers control the energy circulation in your body, thus identifying the physical and psychological health of your body. It's a basic and easily manageable alternative treatment to keep health and ward of illness.
Guidelines Choose the finger to the matching organ requiring treatment. Hold it tightly with your other hand for a minimum of 3 to 5 minutes. Breathe deeply as you press and massage the finger related to the organ. Repeat this with the other hand. Doing this for about 3 minutes on every finger is motivated to keep all your organs healthy.
Let's look at the organs related to each finger.
1. Middle finger
Organ: it represents the liver and yolky bitter.
Physical: Migraine, Fatigue, Forehead pains, menstrual discomfort and circulatory problems.
Emotional: Anger, aggravation, absence of focus and concentration.
2. Ring finger
Organs: Large intestinal tract and lungs.
Physical: Asthma, skin problems, digestion issue and respiratory illness. Psychological: Negative thoughts, unhappiness and fear.
3. Thumb
Organs: Spleenwort and stomach.
Physical: Stomach ache, skin concerns, nervousness and headache Emotional: Concern and depression problems
4. Forefinger
Organs: Urinary bladder and kidney
Physical: Muscle and back discomfort, tooth ache and digestion issues Psychological: Worry, confusion, dissatisfaction
5. Little finger
Organs: small intestinal tract and heart
Physical: bone trouble, heart concerns and throat pain Emotional: Stress and anxiety and self confidence problem
Share on Facebook0Share on Google+0Share on LinkedIn0Share on Tumblr0Tweet about this on TwitterPin on Pinterest2Share on StumbleUpon0Email this to someone


Quick Answer: What Is The Maximum SSS Monthly Pension?
What is the minimum SSS pension?
The minimum monthly Retirement Pension is P1,200 if the member has 120 months contribution or at least ten (10) CYS; or P2,400 if with at least 20 CYS.
A cash benefit granted – either as a monthly pension or a lump sum amount – to the beneficiaries of a deceased member..
What is the retirement age in SSS?
60 years oldA member is qualified to avail of this benefit if: Member is 60 years old, separated from employment or ceased to be self-employed, and has paid at least 120 monthly contributions prior to the semester of retirement.
How much pension I will get from NPS?
How long is the processing of SSS retirement pension?
Under a five-year program, SSS expects to cut down the current 39-day average of processing retirement benefits to 18 by next year and to 13 by 2017. Death payments, meanwhile, which at present take 62 days for processing are expected to be delivered in 28 days by next year and in only 18 days by 2017.
What age is the best time to retire?
Early Retirement: Before Age 65 By the time some workers reach their 50s and early 60s, they're starting to feel burned out, so retiring before the traditional age of 65 can feel invigorating. Men retire at an average age of 64, while for women the average retirement age is 62.
How can I calculate my pension?
If your Normal Pension Age is 60 your final salary benefits are:A pension calculated by multiplying your service by your average salary and then dividing by 80; and.A lump sum equal to three times your pension.
Can I pay previous months in SSS?
There's no penalty for individual members who fail to pay their contribution for a certain period. However, the SSS doesn't allow members to make retroactive payments just so they qualify for a loan or benefit. You can only continue paying for the succeeding months or in advance, but never for the past unpaid months.
When can I stop paying SSS contributions?
You can stop paying contribution after you make a final SSS benefit claim for total disability or retirement. You can file for optional retirement when you're 60 years old and unemployed. If you're 65 or older and still working (or not), you'll qualify for technical retirement and won't need to pay SSS contribution.
What if the SSS pensioner dies?
Death Benefit You can get a monthly pension or lump sum amount as a beneficiary of a deceased SSS member. … If you have dependent minor children, they get a pension equivalent to 10% of the member's monthly pension or P250, whichever is higher.
How much is the loanable amount in SSS calamity loan?
Loan Amount Members can borrow up to 80% of their Total Accumulated Value (TAV) subject to the terms and conditions of the program. Calamity Loan Interest rate is 5.95% per annum. The loan is amortized over 24 months, with a grace period of 3 months.
How much is SSS monthly pension?
The monthly pension will be the highest amount resulting from either one of these three pension formulae: the sum of P300 plus 20 percent of the average monthly salary credit plus two percent of the average monthly salary credit for each credited year of service (CYS) in excess of ten years; or.
What is the maximum SSS contribution?
From April 2019, the SSS contribution rate will increase from 11% to 12% – an increase of 1%. The % contribution rate is based on minimum monthly salary credits (MSC) which in turn is based on an individual's compensation. The maximum MSC will also increase, from PHP16,000 to PHP20,000, effective April 2019.
What is SSS lump sum?
Lump sum amount – granted to a retiree who has not paid the required 120 monthly contributions. It is equal to the total contributions paid by the member and by the employer including interest. A lifetime cash benefit paid to a retiree who has made at least 120 monthly contributions prior to the semester of retirement.
Why did SSS pension stop?
The SSS suspends the benefits of pensioners who fail to comply with that requirement. The requirement was put in place as the SSS had been releasing pension though intended beneficiaries had already died. The SSS visits pensioners aged 85 years or older and those suffering from amputations or blindness.
Is there an increase in SSS pension 2020?
In their letter, the retirees said the PHP1,000 is the second tranche of the PHP2,000 pension increase the SSS granted its pensioners in 2017. … 9 billion for the April 2020 pension, benefiting over 2.7 million retirees.
How is monthly pension calculated?
What percentage is family pension?
30%Family pension is also admissible to a posthumous child and also to children from the void or the voidable marriage as per the relevant provisions in the rules. Normal family pension is now at a uniform rate of 30% of pay last drawn, subject to a minimum of Rs. 9000 (w.e.f. 1.1. 2016).
Can I pay advance in SSS?
Self-employed and voluntary members may pay their monthly contributions prospectively or in advance, but never retroactively to cover month/s when no contribution payments were remitted.
How much money do I get if I retire at 65?
If you start collecting your benefits at age 65 you could receive approximately $33,773 per year or $2,814 per month. This is 44.7% of your final year's income of $75,629.
Who is eligible for SSS calamity loan?
The following are the qualifications in order for members to apply for the SSS calamity loan: Members who've had at least 36 months of contributions; with six (6) posted within the past 12 months on or before the month of application. Home address of the member should be at a declared State of Calamity.


this painting the ermine has black spots over its entire body resembling heraldic ermine.
Folklore and mythology[edit]
In Irish mythology, stoats were viewed anthropomorphically as animals with families, which held rituals for their dead. They were also viewed as noxious animals prone to thieving, and their saliva was said to be able to poison a grown man. To encounter a stoat when setting out for a journey was considered bad luck, but one could avert this by greeting the stoat as a neighbour.[39] Stoats were also supposed to hold the souls of infants who died before baptism.[40] In the folklore of the Komi people of the Urals, stoats are symbolic of beautiful and coveted young women.[41] In the Zoroastrian religion, the stoat is considered a sacred animal, as its white winter coat represented purity. Similarly, Mary Magdalene was depicted as wearing a white stoat pelt as a sign of her reformed character. One popular European legend had it that a white stoat would die before allowing its pure white coat to be besmirched. When it was being chased by hunters, it would supposedly turn around and give itself up to the hunters rather than risk soiling itself.[42]
Fur use[edit]
Stoat skins are prized by the fur trade, especially in winter coat, and used to trim coats and stoles. The fur from the winter coat is referred to as ermine. There is also a design, also called ermine, which is inspired by the winter coat of the stoat but which is painted onto other furs, such as rabbit.[43] In Europe these furs are a symbol of royalty and high status; the ceremonial robes of members of the UK House of Lords and the academic hoods of the universities of Oxford and Cambridge are traditionally trimmed with ermine[43] although in practice rabbit or fake fur is now often used instead due to expense or animal rights concerns. Prelates of the Catholic Church still wear ecclesiastical garments featuring ermine (a sign of their status equal to that of the nobility). Cecilia Gallerani is depicted holding an ermine in her portrait, Lady with an Ermine. Henry Peacham's Emblem 75, which depicts an ermine being pursued by a hunter and two hounds, is entitled "Cui candor morte redemptus" ("Purity bought with his own death"). Peacham goes on to preach that men and women should follow the example of the ermine and keep their minds and consciences as pure as the legendary ermine keeps its fur.[44]
Ermine were also valued by the Tlingit and other indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast. They could be attached to traditional regalia and cedar bark hats as status symbols, or they were also made into shirts.[45]
The stoat was a fundamental item in the fur trade of the Soviet Union, with no less than half the global catch coming from within its borders. The Soviet Union also contained the highest grades of stoat pelts, with the best grade North American pelts being comparable only to the 9th grade in the quality criteria of former Soviet stoat standards. However, stoat harvesting never became a specialty in any Soviet republic, with most stoats being captured incidentally in traps or near villages. Stoats in the Soviet Union were captured either with dogs or with box-traps or jaw-traps. Guns were rarely used, as they could damage the pelt.[46]
 1. ^ a b c Reid, F. & Helgen, K. (2008). Mustela erminea. In: IUCN 2008. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 21 March 2009. Database entry includes a brief justification of why this species is of least concern
 3. ^ "100 of the World's Worst Invasive Species". Invasive Species Specialist Group.
 4. ^ a b Coues 1877, pp. 124–125
 5. ^ a b Johnston 1903, p. 160
 6. ^ Harris & Yalden 2008, p. 456
 7. ^ a b Kurtén 1968, pp. 101–102
 8. ^ Kurtén 1980, p. 150
 9. ^ Macdonald 1992, p. 205
 10. ^ Harris & Yalden 2008, p. 458
 12. ^ a b c Heptner & Sludskii 2002, p. 1010
 13. ^ Merriam 1896, pp. 12–13
 14. ^ Merriam 1896, p. 15
 15. ^ a b Merriam 1896, pp. 11–12
 16. ^ Heptner & Sludskii 2002, p. 1014
 17. ^ a b c Harris & Yalden 2008, p. 459
 18. ^ a b Heptner & Sludskii 2002, p. 1012
 19. ^ Heptner & Sludskii 2002, p. 1013
 20. ^ Heptner & Sludskii 2002, p. 1011
 21. ^ a b Heptner & Sludskii 2002, p. 997
 22. ^ Coues 1877, pp. 117–121
 23. ^ Heptner & Sludskii 2002, p. 999
 24. ^ a b c d e Harris & Yalden 2008, p. 457
 25. ^ a b Heptner & Sludskii 2002, p. 1002
 26. ^ a b c d e Harris & Yalden 2008, pp. 460–461
 27. ^ Heptner & Sludskii 2002, p. 998
 28. ^ Harris & Yalden 2008, pp. 464–465
 29. ^ Heptner & Sludskii 2002, pp. 1021–1022
 30. ^ Harris & Yalden 2008, p. 461
 31. ^ Heptner & Sludskii 2002, p. 1018
 32. ^ a b c d Harris & Yalden 2008, p. 463
 33. ^ a b Verts & Carraway 1998, p. 417
 34. ^ Heptner & Sludskii 2002, p. 1020
 35. ^ King, Carolyn (1984). Immigrant Killers. Auckland, NZ: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-558121-0.
 36. ^ Purdey, D. C.; C. M. King, B Lawrence (2004). "Age structure, dispersion and diet of a population of stoats (Mustela erminea) in southern Fiordland during the decline phase of the beechmast cycle". New Zealand Journal of Zoology (The Royal Society of New Zealand) 31 (3): 205–225. doi:10.1080/03014223.2004._PHONE_. Retrieved 2009-11-30.
 37. ^ "Stoats decimating takahe in Fiordland". 4 March 2008. Retrieved 23 April 2011.
 38. ^ a b c Harris & Yalden 2008, p. 466
 39. ^ Monaghan, Patricia (2004) The encyclopedia of Celtic mythology and folklore: Facts on File library of religion and mythology, page 426, Infobase Publishing, ISBN 0-8160-4524-0
 40. ^ Daniels, Cora Linn & Stevans, C. M. Encyclopedia of Superstitions, Folklore, and the Occult Sciences of the World, Volume 2 (2003), The Minerva Group, Inc., ISBN 1-4102-0915-6
 41. ^ Laakso, Johanna (2005) Our otherness: Finno-Ugrian approaches to women's studies, or vice versa, Volume 2 of Finno-Ugrian studies in Austria, LIT Verlag Münster, ISBN 3-8258-8626-3
 42. ^ Sax, Boria (2001) The mythical zoo: an encyclopedia of animals in world myth, legend, and literature, ABC-CLIO, ISBN 1-57607-612-1
 43. ^ a b "A house of traditions". BBC News. January 19, 1999.
 44. ^ The Minerva Britanna Project
 45. ^ Tlingit Ermine-Skin Shirt (Daa dugu k'oodas')
 46. ^ Heptner & Sludskii 2002, pp. 1029–1030
Further reading[edit]
External links[edit]