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Free Essay: Factors Affecting Plant Growth
Various factors affect the growth of living things. In this essay, we shall discuss the factors that affect the growth of plants. It therefore means that depending on the prevailing conditions, plants are likely to exhibit varying growth rates. Favorable conditions promote growth while hostile conditions may lead to retarded growth or death in extreme cases. As discussed below, these factors are either genetic or environmental.
The first class of factors is genetic. It is important to note that the yield of any plant depends solely on the genetic makeup. In most cases, plants increase yield with time because of genetic improvement and modification through hybrids. Besides the yield, improvement of genetic material of a plant results into high disease resistance, high quality and drought hardiness. Genetic improvement is common in corn, where other varieties have been developed by improving the genetic composition. Scientists achieve this modification through genetic engineering.
Besides genetic factors, environmental factors equally affect the growth of plants. In this context, environmental factors encompass all external conditions, which affect the life of plants. Leading environmental factors include temperature, moisture, radiation, humidity, soil aeration, soil reaction, biotic factors, and supply of minerals among others. It is important to note that each of these factors can limit the growth of plants. Furthermore, they do not affect plants independently as most of them go hand-in-hand with each other.
Temperature is a major factor that affects the growing of plants. This happens in various ways, owing to the role of temperature in various biochemical processes in plants. As a measure of heat, most plants thrive in a narrow of temperature of between 60 and 100 Fahrenheit. In particular, temperature affects respiration, photosynthesis and transpiration. All these processes are important and failure of any of them directly affects the growth of plants. For example, photosynthesis allows plants to make food while respiration enables nutrients to be converted into useful energy. Temperature also affects the presence of soil organisms like the nitrogen fixing bacteria. This bacterium does not function optimally when temperatures are low.
Another factor that affects growth of plants is moisture supply. Moisture is vital for various processes in plants. However, too much or very little moisture will adversely affect the growth of plants. Nevertheless, moisture requirements of plants widely vary, as there are plants that do well in high moisture supply while others cannot survive in such conditions. It is therefore paramount to regulate the amount of moisture for plants through either irrigation or drainage. The advantage of good soil moisture is that it enhances excellent nutrient uptake by plants, which is important for their growth.
Radiant energy is another factor that affects growth of plants. Three factors determine radiant energy; quality, duration, and intensity. It is not possible to control the quality of radiant energy but different crops need varying light energy for proper growth. Light intensity is essential because it is necessary for photosynthesis. Moreover, the composition of the atmosphere also affects the growth of plants. Plants need CO2 for photosynthesis. High levels of CO2 further help in decomposition of organic matter. In the absence of sufficient CO2, its supply could be supplemented.
Find free essays online and other academic research papers like the one above on the factors affecting plant growth on this blog.
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credit Peter Greste
words Christopher Turner
The Community Cooker was the winner of the inaugural World Design Impact Prize for socially responsible projects, awarded at the launch of Helsinki World Design Capital in February. Developed by Kenyan architect Jim Archer, who was looking for an answer to Nairobi's rubbish problem, the community cooker turns waste to energy. The unemployed, who can't afford kerosene or other fossil fuels, bring rubbish to be incinerated in exchange for time on the cooker, where they can boil water and prepare food on hobs or in one of two ovens large enough to roast a goat. The cooker might later be used for water distillation and electricity generation. Archer estimates that the burning of rubbish will save 2,400 mature trees a year being destroyed to make charcoal.
The prototype was built in Kibera, the largest slum in Africa, and it is hoped that the project will be rolled out soon to other areas and developing countries. The cooker needs to reach high temperatures in order to consume toxins rather than release them into the air. It can achieve this heat thanks to a local metalworker, who offered some chance advice. Firebox Francis, as he was known, suggested that the architects include a combustion system that drip-fed small amounts of used engine oil on to a hot plate. This boosted temperatures from 270 to 880°C, well above WHO guidelines.
The $10,000 device can be connected to an ablution block, enabling people to use hot water in bath stalls, and a restaurant annexe where food can be served. The 10 sq m cooker is large enough for ten people to work around it and there is a wall to separate the drying racks and shoot system, through which the device is fed (five people are employed for this purpose), ensuring that the conditions of food preparation are hygienic. It is the best kind of social project: "One man's trash," says Archer, "is another man's treasure."

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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EXPLORING THE POTENTIAL OF CROWD SOURCED DATA TO MAP COMMUTER POINTS OF INTEREST: A CASE STUDY OF JOHANNESBURG
Modern African cities are faced with various mobility and transportation challenges. In developing smart sustainable cities, city planners need to create a balance between supply and demand for public transportation. Development of multi-mobility mode models has contemporarily received a special interest in smart cities development. Globally, the use of bike sharing services to complete the first kilometre or last kilometre of the trip has been highly received, with commuters using either rail or road mobility modes for the middle section of their trip. Within the developing world context, the use of multi-mobility modes in daily commuting is still new, and little research has been done to guide this. Notwithstanding the influence of uncertainties and fragmentation over demand and supply in public transportation provision. In the South Africa context, various modes of public transportation have been developed which seek to be smart, sustainable and efficient such as the fast train (Gautrain), Bus rapid transport (Rea Vaya and Gaubus) and Bikes sharing platforms (Upcycles), however most of these modes are currently not spatially connected. Hence the researcher sought to develop a stepping stone in planning for future mobility demand. Using an explorative methodology, the authors collected quantitative and spatial data in the form of land-use data and crowd sourced data (from twitter) to map commuter points of interest in and around the city of Johannesburg. The results reveal hot and cold spots in the city. The hot spots reveal areas where commuters frequently travel to, and when overlaid with transportation data, we are able to identify potential locations to develop new transportation hubs as these will overtime become key points of interest.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Lessons on the Lake Title
Lessons on the Lake Logo Lesson 5.4
Lesson 5.2 Lesson 5.3
Lesson 5.1
Lessons on the Lake -> Chapter List -> Chapter 5 -> Lesson 5: Quiz: Daily Water Use
Water is all around us. It gushes from our faucets, showers, and drinking fountains. We use it so frequently and casually that we take it for granted. Do you know the source of tap water in the Lake Pontchartrain Basin? On the north shore of the Lake, it comes from the north shore aquifers. Water for Orleans and Jefferson parishes is drawn from the Mississippi River. What's the source of the tap water in your community? Here in the United States, each person uses about 100 gallons of water every day. What impact does that have on water quality? Take this quick quiz and see!
 1. Do you allow water to run when brushing teeth or washing dishes?
 Or Do you run the water only when rinsing?
 2. Do you wash your cars or pets on a concrete surface?
 Or Do you wash them over a grassy area?
 3. Do you let the water hose run unnecessarily when working outdoors?
 Or Do you control the flow with a water nozzle?
 4. Do you waste water by flushing tissues or hair down the toilet?
 Or Do you save water and dispose of those things in a trash can?
Based on these examples, try to estimate your family's water use for a day by opening the large chart below:
none for this page
Goldfish may be able to recognize different people.
 1. Introduction
 2. Essential Questions
 3. Water Cycle
 4. Activity: Water Cycle Walk
 5. Quiz: Daily Water Use
 6. Activity: Brainstorming
 7. Measuring Water Quality
 8. Water Pollution
 9. Project F.U.R.
 10. Activity: Mini Action Plan
 11. Activity: Journaling
 12. Activity: How's the Water?


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I am not an animal rights
person. I don't believe that animals
have much more than instinctual reactions
. I realize that some animals can learn
but I just can bring myself to talk
to animals and treat them like humans
. However, I am highly opposed to making animals suffer
for no good reason
Supposing that one feels that it is absolutely necessary that a particular animal lose its life. I feel that it is an individuals responsibility to ensure that the death is as quick and painless as possible. There are several different acceptable methods for disposing of an animal and they differ by the size and demeanor of the animal.
First, we have the hammer and or other blunt object method. This method is simple. Take the heavy blunt object and strike said creature. This method is really only meant for small creatures such as insects, small mammals (mice), and small birds (I can't think of a reason for killing a bird but I am trying to objective). Any creature larger than the above mentioned would not be killed by one or two blows and beating it to death would simply be torturing it. Also, this method is not effective on many kinds of snakes because of their flat nature.
Second, is what I like to call the head removal method. This obviously involves beheading the creature. However gruesome this sounds it is necessary in some situations. This method is very effective when applied to snakes with a pair of hedge trimmers. This effect can also be achieved with a number of other weapons such as shovels and spades. This method is remotely humane if you manage to behead the creature with one try. If it takes several tries you are once again torturing the animal and you have chosen the wrong method. This method, just as the one before it is not very well suited for larger creatures (that is unless you have a chainsaw handy, but that is just gross and it will really make a mess of your chain).
The third, and what I feel is the most humane method, is simply shooting the animal. This is obviously not a good idea if you are indoors or if you are dealing with a small animal. However, for large creatures a shot to the head is quick and efficient. One caution: Be sure to chose your firearm carefully. Do not try and kill a Grizzly Bear with a.45 Colt and don't try and kill a rabbit with an Ak-47 (a little common sense but still necessary).
Although these are my suggestions for disposing of pestering creatures, remember one thing. The best solution is to find a compromise where everyone and everything can continue to live their natural lives.


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Web Design/Generating a receipt with PHP
Once your basic response and email are all happening, and you're feeling a bit more confident with your first PHP pages, it's a good time to start learning a bit more about PHP variables and control structures! But before moving on from here, please make sure that your response.php currently:
- Responds personally to the user
- Includes the details of the product selected by the user (its name and its price)
- includes the billing information for the user.
Adding up the total[edit | edit source]
If a visitor to your site indicates that they want to buy 5 T-shirts at $15 each, we need to let them know what their total comes to! To do this, we'll need to create a variable.
You might have noticed that variables in PHP always have a dollar sign ($) in front of them. Here are a few examples:
$num1 = 12; // This is a number $string1 = "Here's a string in double quotes"; $string2 = 'Here\'s a string in single quotes';
Can you guess why the apostrophe (') in $string2 has a back-slash (\) in front of it?
We need to create a new variable called $total in our response.php. Initially we'll set it to 0 like this:
$total = 0; // We'll use this variable to calculate the total for the order
but your challenge is to print out the total for the order when your form is submitted!
Including postage in the total[edit | edit source]
Now that we've calculated the total for our order, we need to include a postage fee! The following exercise will help you along the way!
Free delivery for bulk buys[edit | edit source]
Let's say you decide it would be good for business if you offer free delivery if customers buy more than 6 items.
Your pseudo-code should look something like this:
if the quantity is less than 7 then do the following: add the $20 postage fee to the total
TO DO: Exercise with solution
Discount if you spend over $200[edit | edit source]
Finally, if your customers spend over $200 (modify to suit your needs), they get a 10% discount.
Again your pseudo-code should look like...
$discountmin = 200; if the quantity is more than discountmin then: multiply amount by 0.9 //0.9 basically just takes away the 10%


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Given a matrix A of size N such that it has only one 0, Find the number to be placed in place of the 0 such that sum of the numbers in every row, column and two diagonals become equal.
Note: Diagonals should be only of the form A[i][i] and A[i][N-i-1]. If there is a matrix of size 1, with an element 0, then print 1.
First line contains the test cases, T. Then T test cases follow. Each test case contains a single integer N which represents the number of rows and columns of the matrix. Then in the next line are N*N space separated of the matrix A.
Display the number in place of 0 if possible, otherwise display -1. If there is a matrix of size 1, with an element 0, then print 1.
5 5 5 0
1 2 0 3 1 2 2 3 1
(i)In the first test case the matrix is
Therefore If we place 5 instead of 0, all the element of matrix will become 5. Therefore row 5+5=10, column 5+5=10 and diagonal 5+5=10, all are equal.
(ii)Second sample, it is not possible to insert an element in place of 0 so that the condition is satisfied.thus result is -1.
If you have purchased any course from GeeksforGeeks then please ask your doubt on course discussion forum. You will get quick replies from GFG Moderators there.


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Countless fragments of existing architectural photography are merged into multilayered shapes. The resulting collages introduce a third abstract point of view next to the original ones of architect and photographer.
Digital scans of analogue architectural photography form tiny pieces of a large resulting puzzle. The original pictures are being analysed and categorised according to their vanishing-points and shapes. Based on this analysis, slices are being extracted from the source image. These slices retain the information of their position corresponding to their original vanishing-point and thus form a large pool of pieces, ready to be applied to new perspectives and shapes.
Using the extracted image segments, it is now possible to form collages of originally different pictures with a new common perspective. In order to compose a collage, a perspective-grid is defined and a lining of matching image segments is being applied. The segments are not altered to match the frame but fitting ones are chosen from the sheer mass of possible pieces. By defining additional keywords which describe the content of the original photographs, the selection of segments used for the final composition can be influenced. Thus a contextual layer is added through the semantic linking with the source material.
The recompositions mix and match the views and perspectives of both the architect and the photographer with a third, newly chosen frame. The resulting fine-art prints are entirely unique each time.
Looking at hundreds of architecture photographs we noticed a strong bias regarding image composition. Perspective foreshortening and vanishing lines dominate the overall impression of the image. This realisation lead to experiments in automated extraction of said features in the image data.
The medium used for the result – for now a printed image – is just one of the many possibilities. The method also bears the potential for further experimentation and can be considered a work in progress.
|building:||Radio Bremen||source images by Klaus Frahm|


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Homogeneous beam
Dear members:
 I have some basic question:
What is a homogeneous beam? why do we use homogeneous beam? what are the characteristics of homogeneous beams?
and Where do we use these beams? and what is beam homogenization?
Wenbin Yu's picture
homogeneous implies the material (isotropic or anisotropic) are the same at all material points. Isotropic homogeneous beams are the main subject of Strength of Materials. When the material is anisotropic, the analysis is a little bit different as there are possible couplings among the six fundamental beam deformation modes (tension, bending in two directions, shear in two directions, and torsion). You usually need a general cross-sectional tool like VABS to obtain the beam constants (in the form of 6x6 stiffness matrix).
A heterogeneous beam structure usually refers to heterogeneity over the cross-section such as laminated composite beams with different layup orientation. In general a beam can also be heterogeneous both over the cross-section and along the span such as tapered composite rotorblades. VABS is developed to accurately characterize such structures within the framework of beam models.
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a1 Brock University, St Catharines, Canada
The relation between women's timing of menarche and father absence was examined in a national probability sample of Great Britain (NATSAL 2000; N>5000). Current body mass index (as a proxy for childhood weight) was examined as a potential mediator of this relationship, along with the potential moderating role that siblings (e.g. number of older brothers) had on this relationship. As in a number of previous studies, an absent father (but not an absent mother) during childhood predicted an earlier age of puberty (i.e. an early menarche). There was no evidence that weight mediated this relationship or that siblings moderated it. Both a lower body mass index and more siblings (e.g. more younger sisters and brothers) were independent predictors of a later timing of puberty. The results confirm that certain psychosocial factors (i.e. father absence; presence of siblings) may affect the timing of sexual maturation in adolescent girls.


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Meeting on Measurement of Urinary Symptoms (MOMUS)
Symptoms of lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) are common both in men and women. Both incidence and prevalence rates increase with age; consequently, treatment costs pose a major financial challenge to the Nation. The American Urological Association (AUA) symptom score, which was initially intended for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients, is widely used in clinical practice. In addition, it is often used as an endpoint in clinical trials to assess symptom-based clinical improvement in benign lower urinary tract disease. Using the current AUA symptom score may not only be misleading clinically and correlate weakly with patient satisfaction, but also can be scientifically invalid and impede scientific progress. Thus, a better measurement tool that focuses on patient reported outcomes (PRO) is essential to quantify early, late, transient, and persistent symptoms of LUTD both in men and women.
The goal of this meeting is to increase discussion about this topic among various populations with different expertise: urologists, patients, other clinicians, researchers, industry, advocacy groups, and various government agencies such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
- Discuss the uses and shortcomings of current symptom-based instruments in research of LUTD.
- Disseminate state-of-the-art methodology to improve patient reported outcomes (PRO) of LUTD symptoms.
- Discuss the validation and qualification process of new measurement tools, and patient phenotyping.
- Align the new LUTD symptom measurement tool among involved parties.
Michael Albo (_EMAIL_)
Lisa Begg (_EMAIL_)
Paul Eggers (_EMAIL_)
Ziya Kirkali (_EMAIL_)
John Kusek (_EMAIL_)
Mark Litwin (_EMAIL_)
Kevin McVary (_EMAIL_)
Robert Star (_EMAIL_)
John Wei (_EMAIL_)
Kevin Weinfurt (_EMAIL_)
Yining Xie (_EMAIL_)


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A muscle pull in the right side of the body is often confirmed by an X-ray and an evaluation of symptoms by a physician. Abdominal muscle strains usually carry symptoms of stiffness and discomfort, muscle spasms and pain when flexing the area, according to NYU Langone Medical Center.Continue Reading
Swelling, bruising and tenderness to the right abdominal area of the body may also indicate a muscle pull, explains NYU Langone Medical Center. An abdominal muscle strain in the right side indicates a full or partial tear of the small muscle fibers in the abdomen that make up the core muscles in the body.
An evaluation of activity can also determine if a muscle is pulled on the right side of the body, notes NYU Langone Medical Center. For example, if a person participates in excessive exercise or activities the muscles were not prepared for or enacts improper techniques and a lack of stretching while playing sports, a muscle pull can occur. Lifting heavy objects and sharply twisting the body can also cause muscle pulls in the right side of the body. Treatment may include physical therapy; application of heat and ice packs; over-the-counter medications to reduce inflammation and pain; and rest.Learn more about Pain & Symptoms


Online Pay Day Loans Online Pay Day Loans
"I see thirsty people."
Books: Miscellaneous Resources
Miscellaneous Resources:
As I am reading Scripture, I come accross places and people that I know nothing about. Knowing something about the places and people help me to fully understand this layer of "context", thus giving me a better understanding of God's Words.
Two great books that help me understand specific people and places are Stephen Miller's, "Who's Who and Where's Where in the Bible" and Bruce Metzger's, "The Oxford Guide to People & places of the Bible".
Shouldn't every Bible come with a handy tool like Who's Who & Where's Where in the Bible? This illustrated, easy reading A-Z dictionary is loaded with fresh and surprising insights about the most important people and places in the Bible-five hundred in all. Not a dry textbook, it's written in magazine style by critically acclaimed Christian journalist and Bible history author Stephen M. Miller. Color maps, photos, and paintings transport readers to sacred lands. There, they'll meet fascinating people: lovers and liars, healers and hoodlums, warriors and wimps. This captivating book will appeal to Bible newcomers as well as long-time Christians. This handy reference serves as a Bible companion and tool written in everyday language, but also contains scholarly detail. This book is filled with over 500 entries and is illustrated in full color.
The Oxford Guide to People & Places of the Bible provides more than 300 articles that cover everyone from Adam and Eve to Jesus Christ and everywhere from the Garden of Eden to Golgotha and Gethsemane.
Readers will find fascinating, informative entries on virtually every major figure who walked across the biblical stage. Articles also define groups of people who figure in the Bible, such as Angels, Archangels, and Demons, the Magi, the Tribes of Israel, and Women. Entries on the significant places of the Bible, both ancient and modern, include kingdoms and countries (Egypt, Assyria, Mesopotamia) and cities (Bethlehem, Jerusalem, Sodom and Gomorrah), as well as geographical features such as the Sea of Galilee and Mount Hebron. The guide includes a detailed index for ease of use, and 14 pages of color maps, providing an accurate, detailed portrait of the biblical world.
Here then is the first place to turn to find factual information on the people and places of Holy Scripture. Written by an international team of noted biblical experts, it is an essential addition to any family library as well as a useful, reliable resource for scholars and students.
Additionally, there are many diverse cultural, religious, political, and economic groups that existed in the time of the New Testament. Understanding them, helps me understand this layer of "context", again, giving me a better understanding of God's Words to us. This book is not only fascinating, but is also well researched and imformative.
Making sense of the New Testament requires navigating your way through the labyrinth of different cultural, religious, political, and economic groups that existed in first-century Jewish society as well as in the Roman Empire at large. In this introduction to the major people groups of the New Testament world, William Simmons clarifies New Testament history and teaching by providing a historical analysis of major Jewish groups such as Pharisees, Sadducees, and Scribes, as well as important Greco-Roman groups such as Philosophers, Herodians, and Centurions. Important sub-groupings within the first-century church, such as Hebrews and Hellenists, are set in the larger context of the Judeo-Romanmix. Color photographs of ancient sites and archaeological discoveries highlight the descriptions. A helpful resource for anyone interested in understanding the world of the New Testament better.


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23 July 2009
The first known example of a liquid protein has been made by chemists at the University of Bristol opening up the possibility of a number of medical and industrial applications including high-potency pharmaceuticals and protein-based coolants and lubricants.
Professor Stephen Mann and Dr Adam Perriman of the University's School of Chemistry, along with Helmut Cölfen of the Max Planck Institute for Colloid and Interface Research in Germany, have made a liquid form of the iron storage protein, ferritin. Their technique modifies the surface of the protein so that it melts into a viscous liquid.
The Bristol team attached positively charged amine groups to the surface of the ferritin, which then acted as binding sites for electrostatic attachment of a negatively charged polymer surfactant, creating proteins that bristle with long hairs. This ferritin-polymer composite forms a solid that melts at around 30°C to a liquid crystal with an orderly orientation of particles. When heated to 50°C, the liquid appears to act like an ordinary fluid, with disorder in the positions and orientations of particles.
The work has just been published in the chemistry journal, Angewandte Chemie, and preliminary results on other proteins such as haemoglobin and myoglobin - proteins that carrying oxygen around the body - indicate that the method may be of general application.
The liquid protein is more highly concentrated than a protein dissolved in water which means that higher doses of medically useful proteins could be administered, for example in new wound dressing treatments which could deliver oxygen more efficiently to a wound in order to promote healing. Enzymes that break apart other proteins could also be used to clear wounds of debris from dead cells.
Professor Mann said: "This is a very exciting result with fundamental significance for understanding liquids comprising nanostructured components. Also, it represents a possible way forward to a novel state of biomolecular matter, and could therefore have a number of important applications. We hope to explore some of these – for example in biomedical and sensor technology – over the next five years or so."
University of Bristol,
Bristol, BS8 1TH, UK
Tel: +44 (0)117 _PHONE_


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Tupelo Tree Pictures, Detailed Information on Tupelo Trees
Welcome to our tupelo tree pictures page. On this page you will find lots of nice pictures of tupelo trees. You will also find a lot of wonderful information on tupelo trees, including information about the tupelo tree species, planting information, and much more. This is valuable and useful information that can help you to learn more about the tupelo tree.
To view each tupelo tree picture in full size just click on the pictures. Enjoy the pictures.
Here is some general information on tupelo trees.
The tupelo, or pepperidge tree, genus Nyssa, is a small genus of about 9 to 11 species of trees with alternate, simple leaves. It is usually included in the subfamily Nyssoideae of the dogwood family, Cornaceae, but is placed by some authorities in the family Nyssaceae.
Most species are highly tolerant of wet soils and flooding, and some need such environments as habitat. Five of the species are native to eastern North America from the extreme south of Canada south to eastern Mexico; the others are found in east and south Asia from China south to Malaysia and west to the Himalaya. A related genus, Davidia, the Dove tree, occurs in China.
Tupelo wood is used extensively by artistic woodcarvers, especially for carving ducks and other wildfowl. In commerce, it is used for shipping containers and interior parts of furniture, and is used extensively in the veneer and panel industry for crossbanding, plywood cores, and backs. The wood can be readily pulped and is used for high-grade book and magazine papers. In the past, the hollow trunks were used for bee gums to hold beehives.
Tupelo trees are popular ornamental trees for their spectacular red fall color. Tupelos are valued as honey plants in the southeastern United States, particularly in the Gulf Coast region. They produce a very light, mild-tasting honey. In northern Florida, beekeepers keep beehives along the river swamps on platforms or floats during tupelo bloom to produce certified tupelo honey, which commands a high price on the market because of its flavor. Monofloral honey made from the nectar of N. ogeche has such a high ratio of fructose to glucose that it does not crystallize.
Copyright © 2011 Tree Pictures Online.com All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part in any form or medium without express written permission of Tree Pictures Online.com is prohibited.


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August 15, 2013 | 15
Elysium is set over a century in the future, but you can test its physics today. All you need is a carnival ticket and a bucket of water.
The latest sci-fi thriller from District 9 director Neill Blomkamp, Elysium tells the story of the haves and the have-nots in the 22nd century (quite literally). Those with the means have fled to a beautiful Halo-style ringworld orbiting Earth, while the rest scrape by on the over-populated and polluted surface. This dystopian milieu is filled with technology that might in fact take 100 years to create—miraculously mending "medpods," flesh-shredding railguns and shurikens, and superhero-making exosuits—but we could start building Elysium itself today. In fact, we have been theorizing about space stations with their own gravity for almost 40 years.
According to an interview on io9, Elysium's visual effects producer based the design of the space station on the Stanford Torus, first conceived by NASA in 1975. Originally, the design specified a wheel a mile in diameter that housed 10,000 people. To avoid the serious bone loss and other problems associated with micro-gravity, a torus station spins at a certain rate in order to simulate gravity. Creating gravity sounds like another futuristic technology, but if you've ever been to a county fair, you've likely experienced it. The "Round-Up" and "Gravitron" rides simulate gravity by fighting inertia. When riding, your body wants to fly out from the center in a straight line, but there is the wall of the ride in the way. The force pressing you up against the wall of the ride—the "centripetal force"—is a consequence of this battle between inertia and the ride's structure.
But unlike the Gravitron, which can exert "hypergravity" allowing you to do less than intelligent things, a spinning space station like Elysium has to be comfortable and not vomit inducing. "Comfortable" means a few things. First, the simulated gravity should be near Earth's gravity, meaning that you should be accelerating into the wall at 9.8 meters per second per second, or 1G. Second, the spin rate of the wheel that simulates the pull of gravity shouldn't make you sick. Based on the tests we subject our astronauts to, a rate below two revolutions per minute is livable. Any faster than that and you start to notice—nausea, dizziness, and trouble walking occur at seven revolutions per minute and above.
To meet these criteria for suitable simulated gravity, a spinning space station has to be a certain radius. The wider the radius the slower the whole station has to spin to reach 1G. Accordingly, the original Stanford torus specified a half-mile radius. The producers of Elysium admirably wanted to make sure their concept was scientifically sound, so they made their station's radius 20 kilometers—a little more than 12 and a half miles. So, according to the equations you learn in any introductory physics course, Elysium could spin at much slower one revolution per minute and still generate the gravity humans are adapted to, which is why the station looks like it hardly spins at all in the film.
Of course, actually building such a station is the bigger challenge. If 22nd century humanity were up to the task, the Elysium station would have to be hauled into space—millions of tons of material—and assembled piece by piece in orbit like the International Space Station. It would also need a power source, as frictional forces would sap its spin, and the whole station would need to be strong enough to prevent it from flying apart under the constant rotation. It's a plausible plan, and if beating cancer 100 years from now is as simple as laying under a beam of light for 10 seconds, putting a station in orbit might be as commonplace as building a skyscraper.
Artificial gravity is a comfort, but an atmosphere is essential. Perhaps the most interesting feature of the station Elysium was that—unlike an airplane cabin—its atmosphere wasn't canned up in some hollow tube. A landing spacecraft could enter its air like it would on Earth. Like the idea of a rotating space station, holding in an atmosphere without a roof isn't science fiction, and you can prove it to yourself.
All you need is a bucket of water to see how Elysium's atmosphere could work. Fill the bucket half way and hold it upside down, the water of course falls out. But spin the bucket of water around in a circle and the water stays pressed to the bottom of the bucket; even when the bucket is directly above your head (as I do for your entertainment in this Vine video).
Just like the carnival ride, the water is pressed up against the bucket in a fight with inertia. Both air and water behave like fluids, so what works for one can work for the other. If the residents of Earth built a sealed version of Elysium, filled it with air, started it spinning, and then removed the roof, most of the air would stay pressed to the surface just like the water in the bucket!
The atmosphere wouldn't stay forever. Even if the sidewalls were high enough, the random motion of air particles means that the air would eventually escape into space through the top. But who knows what kind of capturing technology we will have in 100 years? Perhaps the air would be prevented from escaping with a badass force field as in this clip.
We are already closer than one might think to having exosuits like the ones grafted onto Matt Damon and Sharlto Copley, we already have UAVs and drones, and you can simulate a space station atmosphere with a bucket of water. Elysium did a decent enough job following physics that the most unbelievable thing about the film might be Jodi Foster's accent.


totally convex space
Totally convex spaces
Essentially, the totally convex spaces are what you get if you try to build an algebraic theory of Banach spaces.
Abstract definition
A totally convex space is a module for the monad on Set which sends a set XX to the closed unit ball of the Banach space 1(X)\ell^1(X).
This is an example of an algebraic theory (in the strong sense that it is bounded monadic) but not finitary, hence not a Lawvere theory. The free totally convex space on XX is the unit ball of the Banach space 1(X)\ell^1(X), and thus an operation in this theory is a formal sum xXa xx\sum_{x \in X} a_x x for a xa_x \in \mathbb{R} with the property that xX|a x|1\sum_{x \in X} {|a_x|} \le 1. The finiteness of this sum forces it to have only countably many non-zero terms, and thus it factors through an operation on \mathbb{N}. Hence there is a presentation of this theory with operations in 1()\ell^1(\mathbb{N}) (which is why the theory is bounded monadic). The corresponding identities are simply the substitution rules – namely that substituting a sum into another works as expected – and the reordering rules.
Concrete definition
A totally convex space is a set XX equipped with, for each infinite sequence (a 1,a 2,)(a_1, a_2, \ldots) of real numbers such that i|a i|1\sum_i {|a_i|} \leq 1, an operation from X X^{\mathbb{N}} to XX, written (x 1,x 2,) ia ix i(x_1,x_2,\ldots) \mapsto \sum_i a_i x_i, such that:
 1. Reordering: If σ\sigma is any permutation of \mathbb{N}, then ia ix i= ia σ(i)x σ(i)\sum_i a_i x_i = \sum_i a_{\sigma(i)} x_{\sigma(i)};
 2. Nullary substitution: If δ i\delta_i is the Kronecker delta at 00 (so δ i=0\delta_i = 0 normally, but δ 0=1\delta_0 = 1), then iδ ix i=x 0\sum_i \delta_i x_i = x_0;
 3. Binary substitution: If the functions π,ρ:\pi,\rho\colon \mathbb{N} \to \mathbb{N} express \mathbb{N} as its own product with itself (it is enough to pick one pair of functions and state this axiom only for it), then ia i( jb i,jx i,j)= ka π(k)b π(k),ρ(k)x π(k),ρ(k)\sum_i a_i (\sum_j b_{i,j} x_{i,j}) = \sum_k a_{\pi(k)} b_{\pi(k),\rho(k)} x_{\pi(k),\rho(k)}.
Of course, one would normally write the right-hand side of the last equation as i,ja ib i,jx i,j\sum_{i,j} a_i b_{i,j} x_{i,j}, but that is not technically an operation in the theory, except as mediated by π\pi and ρ\rho. A common choice for (π,ρ)(\pi,\rho) is the inverse of (i,j)(i+j+12)+j(i,j) \mapsto \big({i + j + 1 \atop 2}\big) + j, where for this expression to work we take 00 to be a natural number.
I haven't actually checked that this list is complete; but it's what I get if I take Andrew at his word that we need only substitution and reordering rules. I wouldn't be terribly surprised if nullary substitution is redundant, but right now I don't see how. —Toby
 1. A totally convex space is a pointed convex space. The operations of a convex space are encoded in the operations (r,1r,0,0,0,)(r, 1 - r, 0, 0, 0, \ldots) and the "point" comes from the operation (0,0,)(0, 0, \ldots). This functor preserves underlying sets and so has a left adjoint; thus any convex space can be "completed" to a totally convex space.
 2. The operations for this theory are commutative, hence the category of totally convex spaces is a closed symmetric monoidal category.
 1. Clearly, the closed unit ball BXB X of any Banach space XX is a totally convex space.
 2. Bizarrely, the open unit ball of a Banach space is a totally convex space. This is because if a sum, xBXa xx\sum_{x \in B X} a_x x for x|a x|1\sum_x {|a_x|} \leq 1, lies on the boundary of BXB X then every xx for which a x0a_x \ne 0 must have norm 11. Thus if the series only contains terms from the interior of BXB X, the sum remains in the interior. Hence the open unit ball is a subalgebra of the closed unit ball.
 3. Continuing, the quotient of the closed unit ball by the open unit ball is a totally convex space.
 4. In particular, the three-point space {1,0,1}\{-1,0,1\} is (assuming excluded middle) a totally convex space. The operations on this space are as follows:
 a jϵ j={1 ϵ j=sign(a j),|a j|=1 1 ϵ j=sign(a j),|a j|=1 0 otherwise \sum a_j \epsilon_j = \begin{cases} 1 & \epsilon_j = \operatorname{sign}(a_j), \sum {|a_j|} = 1 \\ -1 & \epsilon_j = -\operatorname{sign}(a_j), \sum {|a_j|} = 1 \\ 0 & \;\text{otherwise} \end{cases}
 5. Going back one step, (1,1)(-1,1) is a totally convex space. It is illuminating to describe this as a coequaliser of free totally convex spaces. Consider a functional f: 1()f \colon \ell^1(\mathbb{N}) \to \mathbb{R} which is bounded of norm 11 but does not achieve its norm; for example, let ff be represented by the sequence (12,23,34,)(\frac{1}{2},\frac{2}{3},\frac{3}{4},\ldots). Then for any xB 1()x \in B\ell^1(\mathbb{N}), f(x)(1,1)f(x) \in (-1,1). Thus (1,1)(-1,1) is the coequaliser of the inclusion kerf 1()\ker f \to \ell^1(\mathbb{N}) and the zero map kerf 1()\ker f \to \ell^1(\mathbb{N}).
Revised on January 29, 2010 16:52:39 by Toby Bartels (


Health and Wellbeing
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Just switched to a high fat, low-carb keto diet and worried about your keto breath? Relax, keto breath is normal, and temporary. Here's what you need to know about changes to your breath during ketoacidosis and how to avoid keto breath on a low-carb diet.
What is Keto Breath?
"Keto breath is a term for the fruity, sweet breath odor of individuals who are in a state of 'ketoacidosis'," says Nutritional Counsellor, Consultant and Speaker Eve Persak.
"Ketoacidosis is the phenomenon that occurs when the body relies mostly or exclusively on fats for fuel (instead of carbs or proteins). This can occur for diabetics whose insulin levels aren't sufficient. Or it can occur for individuals following a no/low-carb, low-protein regimen," she says.
How Long Does Keto Breath Last?
While switching to a low-carb keto diet can cause breath concerns in some, it's temporary as Keto Nutritionist Christine Cronau reveals. "Going keto can cause a temporary change in breath in some people (it doesn't happen to everyone). It generally only lasts a few weeks and happens as the body starts to produce ketones," she says.
"One of the ketone bodies produced is acetone, which is the culprit behind keto breath. As the body becomes more effective at using the ketones it produces, the excess ketones in the breath generally disappear."
Keto Breath Shouldn't Smell Nasty
Cronau believes that being on a keto diet shouldn't spell bad breath, and if it does it could be a sign of other issues. "There are a lot of myths about keto and bad breath," she says.
"Keto breath generally has a sweet or fruity smell. It shouldn't be nasty! But, if there is already an underlying issue with bad breath (generally from an imbalance of gut bacteria), even if the issue wasn't really noticeable prior, then keto breath can exacerbate that," says Cronau.
"You should be able to kiss someone first thing in the morning without covering your mouth and racing to the bathroom to brush your teeth! If not, I recommend seeing a keto nutritionist for help with bacteria imbalance. It is generally very easy to fix and can be life changing!"
7 Tips for Avoiding Keto Breath on a Low-Carb Diet.
1. Keep Hydrated
"Firstly, stay hydrated, " says Nutritional Counsellor, Consultant and Speaker Eve Persak. "Oral bacteria flourish when the mouth gets dry. So just sipping on unsweetened beverages can be a huge help."While a dry mouth may not seem like a big deal, Tabitha Acret, Clinical Educator and Dental Hygienist at AIRFLOW Dental Spa reveals that it can spell trouble for the health of your teeth and your breath. "Dry mouth can occur for several various reasons, one of the most popular being dehydration, but a consistent dry mouth should not be overlooked as it can lead to serious dental complications, " said Acret.
2. Moderation is Key
"Low carb diets do not cause keto breath unless they are low enough in carbohydrates to initiate ketosis, which is why keto breath is associated with keto (very strict low carb) rather than low carb," says Christine Cronau. Persak highlights the importance of moderation when embarking on a low-carb diet. "Emphasize moderation when setting macronutrient percentages — don't drift too far in any extreme and respond with a more liberal program if you notice changes," she says.
"It can be avoided by shifting the percentages of macronutrients slightly — allowing more proteins and carbohydrates — however in doing so, you may need to forfeit the strict almost no-carb 'keto' program in favor of a lower (but not too low) carb and modest protein diet."
3. Up your Intake of Breath Friendly Low Sugar Fruits and Vegetables
Upping your intake of breath friendly low sugar fruits and vegetables can also help avoid keto breath. "Vegetables and fruits are also breath-friendly foods. Their fiber and water content helps to "brush" and "rinse" the mouth. They also feed the beneficial bacteria of the GI tract and promote regularity (which helps remove odorous waste) from the body," says Persak.
"Vegetables like leafy greens, broccoli, cucumber, summer squash, and sweet peppers and carrots are great. Low sugar fruits like citrus, berries, and tomato are also helpful."
4. Include Probiotic-Rich Foods
Persak also suggest including probiotic-rich foods into your diet. "Probiotic-rich foods — like yogurts, miso, kimchi, etc. — also help contribute to a more balanced microbiome in the body — head (including the mouth) to toe," she says.
5. Add some Anti-Microbial Herbs to Your Diet
Adding specific herbs to your diet can also help fight keto breath. "Some herbs possess anti-microbial properties — which then counter the odor-forming bacteria in the mouth. Mint and parsley are two that stand out. These also create a more alkaline environment in the mouth — and bacteria prefer and thrive in acidic environments, " reveals Persak.
6. Practice Good Oral Hygiene
When it comes to fresh breath, good oral hygiene is key. "By not regularly brushing your teeth morning and night, bacteria start to build up, and left-over food from your previous meal can linger in the mouth. A key contributor to bad breath," says Acret.
"Don't just brush before a date, you need to consistently brush twice a day. If you aren't doing so, and doing so properly, there can be further negative oral health outcomes.""When food is left in and around teeth, plaque begins to form on the outer layer of the tooth and begins breaking down enamel. Tooth decay is painful and leads to more complex treatments, not just bad breath," says Acret.
7. Boost Your Saliva Flow
Finally, boosting your saliva flow can improve the health of your teeth and help fight bad breath. According to Tabitha Acret "saliva acts as a coat of amour for our teeth, it is the buffer to protect them from the sugars and acids we consume throughout the day."
"If you have a low saliva flow then you have less buffer and therefore increased risk of decay, and higher chances of developing bad breath. When you see your dentist or hygienist they can talk to you about products that help elevate your dry mouth and also help to reduce the risk of decay in your teeth," she adds.
According to Relationship and Body Language Expert Katia Loisel from streaming service Love Destination, one way to increase your saliva flow naturally is to pucker up and kiss. Kissing is the ultimate relationship and feel good boost, shown to boost relationship satisfaction, connection and even attraction. But the good news doesn't stop there," Loisel says.
"Kissing is also good for the overall health of your teeth, increasing levels of saliva helping to prevent tooth decay and cavities."
8. If Concerned Freshen your Breath with a Sugar Free Breath Freshener
If you're concerned about the smell of your keto breath, keep your breath minty fresh with a sugar free breath freshener until your body adjusts to the low carb diet.


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NN Contemporary is pleased to present 'Unfolding the Vaporous Mind', a solo exhibition of new work from Gam Bodenhausen. Inspired by the landscape and architecture of Northampton, Bodenhausen has created drawings (on a monumental scale) that depict a language envisioned from the extracted yellow sandstone in the Northamptonshire quarries. Accentuating the constitution of the historical and the geological in all landscapes; the artist forges a unique world.
In soft grey pencil drawings, a universe develops that seems as overgrown as it is organised, as dreamy as it is sober. The artist deploys a material that consists entirely of carbon, as the building material of all life. Tracing the heritage of graphene to the English Lake District, she pays homage to the Romantics, where observing and drawing became an intellectual pursuit that shaped contemporary cultural ideologies.
Consciousness is presented as a drawing process, informed by an infinite and codependent stream of fiction and fact. Mark making, becomes a signifier of both reality and illusion, that both documents and describes. Images, structures, figures and objects are observed, analysed, and recomposed, deconstructing our order of vision, and with this, our conscious reality. Akin to water or the surrounding clouds, her work is durational. Oscillating with a languid flow, a dimension unfolds before the viewer in which things fluctuate across moments before dispersing into a new formation across time. We are invited to move between the worlds of the known and unknown, between what can be articulated, and what we intrinsically feel.
Bodenhausen studied at the Gerrit Rietveld Academy in Amsterdam and continued her Master training at the Jan van Eyck Academy in Maastricht. In 2016 she published her first book, Grey Horizontals. Highlights are presentations at the Van Abbemuseum in Eindhoven, Museum Boijmans van Beuningen in Rotterdam and Latvian National Museum of Art in Riga.


3 Point Estimate: Triangular Distribution vs Beta Distribution (PERT)
PMP aspirants often come across the 3 Point Estimate when studying for the PMP exam for the first time. There are 2 different formulas for the 3 Point Estimate, and it is generally not clear to most project managers as to which one to use, and when, or why.
I have written about the 3 point estimation technique quite some time back, about the 2 different formulas and how to use them. This article takes it further, to explain some of the basic differences between the two, and make it easy for you to prepare for the PMP exam, as well as apply this useful estimation technique in your projects.
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The Three Point Estimate technique is used to arrive at a better estimate of the time required to complete a particular activity, work package, and can be rolled up to the entire project. Further, this technique can be used for Time as well as Cost also.
Triangular Distribution: (P + O + ML ) / 3
This is like a simple average of the three estimates. When plotted in a chart, it usually results in a sharp peak, thus the name Triangular Distribution.
Beta Distribution (PERT): (P + O + 4ML ) / 6
This is a weighted average. More weight is given to the most likely. If plotted against a chart, this beta distribution will result in an more uniform, bell shaped curve, called a normal distribution. This has been tested in several different industries, across different countries, and over different time periods, but has always turned out to be more accurate than the 3 point estimate. So this method has become the most used and popular method of choice among project managers.
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When do you use PERT and when do you use Triangular Distribution?
However, the Beta Distribution is preferred in cases where we have a lot of historical data, and is more useful for similar type of projects, and experts are providing this based on historical evidence & experience. If we are doing a project for the first time, and there is no previous history of similar projects to fall back on, it may make sense to use the Triangular distribution, as there is no basis to give more weight to a particular estimate. Thus, a Triangular Distribution is more suited for judgemental data estimates. These are most likely not based on a lot of experience or expertise… but are more of a guess-timates.
As with all estimates, the more accurate your estimates, the better the Triangular and Beta Distribution curves, and the better we are able to estimate the project risk and its completion on time and on cost.
For PMP exam, look for subtle clues in the exam question. If they talk about a new project, no experience, or not much reliable data available, then it is best to use Triangular distribution.
And if the team is made of experts, this is a similar to previous projects, we need a more accurate estimate etc. then it is best to go for the Beta Distribution using the PERT formula of weighted average.
Hope this helps in your PMP exam preparation and in your real life projects. Do drop a note in the comment below…
Vinai Prakash
1 thought on "3 Point Estimate: Triangular Distribution vs Beta Distribution (PERT)
 1. I respectfully disagree concerning the accuracy of the PERT estimate vs the Triangular estimate. The PERT "expected value" or mean is usually closer to the most likely value based on the 4x weighting of the most likely value. In my opinion this leads to an understated (optimistic) mean that in practice is almost always LESS than p50. Even the simple mean of the triangular distribution tends to be slightly optimistic usually driven by the asymmetrical (skewed) shape of the distribution. Most estimates using the three point technique set the "worst case" further from the most likely than the best case so you end up with a 10, 20, 40 triangle or something similar. In this example, the PERT EV would be 21.6 and the simple mean 23.3.
 In this case the "Most Likely" value has a probability of 33% The 50% probability comes in around 27.8. so the PERT is more optimistic but both PERT and the simple average are both off the mark. Why? The skewed nature of the distribution.
 The skewed value is an admission that more can go wrong than can go right. The long tail o the right side of the distribution almost screams "lognormal" which I contend would be a better estimator in most cases than the simple triangular distribution or the PERT Beta.
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Why Koalas Hug Trees
koala closeup
Koalas live in trees in Australia and eat mostly eucalyptus leaves.
(Image: © CBriscoe)
The mention of a koala bear often conjures up an image of an adorable spoon-nosed creature cocking its head to one side while clinging to a tree.
Now, scientists have figured out why the iconic Australian marsupials hug trees: The trunks help the koala bears keep cool, according to a new study.
"It can be a really useful way of getting rid of heat on a hot day," said study co-author Michael Kearney, an ecologist at the University of Melbourne in Australia.
Tree huggers
Given that koalas spend so much time in trees — the marsupials live in Australia's woodlands where they munch on leaves and sleep — nobody wondered why they hugged the trunks. People just thought they were taking a break on a more stable spot after eating leaves in the branches, Kearney said. [Marsupial Gallery: A Pouchful of Cute]
As such, the discovery came as a surprise. Kearney and his student, doctoral candidate Natalie Briscoe, were trying to predict how the woodland creatures on French Island, near Melbourne, would regulate their body temperatures as the continent heats up due to climate change. The region is cool most of the year, but during the summer, the temperature routinely spikes above 104 degrees Fahrenheit (40 degrees Celsius), Kearney said.
Briscoe measured wind and shade levels using a portable weather station, but didn't find any striking trends. Then she pointed to an infrared thermometer, which measures temperature based on thermal radiation, at the tree trunks the koalas were hugging. The trunks were considerably cooler than the ambient air temperature — sometimes by as much as 9 degrees F (5 degrees C), Kearney said.
She also noticed the koalas clinging to acacia trees, even though they normally eat eucalyptus leaves. [See Images of the Tree-Hugging Koalas]
"As it got hotter the koalas went farther down the trees and started to really hug onto the tree trunks," Kearney told Live Science. "That seemed strange to us until we figured out that the trees are a bit cooler."
Stay cool
Koala bears pant to keep cool, letting evaporated moisture from their mouths carry heat away from their bodies.
When the team modeled koala bear heat transfer, they found the tree-dwellers save half the water they would have used panting if they hug trees instead.
Koalas get most of their water from their diet, but because eucalyptus leaves are laced with a toxin, the koalas can eat only a limited amount before the toxin harms the animals, Kearney said.
So tree-hugging could be critical to their survival on hot days, by allowing them to cool off without wasting precious water through panting, Kearney said.
It's not clear exactly why their preferred tree trunks are cool, but one possibility is that they pull in a lot of groundwater, which stays closer to the annual average air temperature, rather than the current air temperature, he said.
Climate change planning
Koalas' food (and hugging) trees will change their range with the hotter and drier weather brought by climate change, Bill Ellis, a wildlife researcher at the University of Queensland in Australia, who was not involved in the study, wrote in an email to Live Science.
But the new study suggests that food may be a smaller consideration in preserving koala habitat than previously thought, he said.
"As long as we plant trees koalas will eat, perhaps the other trees we plant just need to provide the right mix of shelter and heat sink characteristics," Ellis said. "It's quite an interesting concept, but non-native trees might be the future for koalas — as long as they also have the right fodder."
Farther north in the koala's range, the air is muggy and it feels hotter, so scientists should see how tree-hugging plays out in in different locations in the koala's habitat, Ellis said.
"Humidity means that the power of evaporation for cooling is reduced," Kearney said. So tree-hugging may be even more important up north, where evaporative cooling doesn't work as well, he said.
The study was published today (June 3) in the journal Biology Letters.


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Individual differences |
Methods | Statistics | Clinical | Educational | Industrial | Professional items | World psychology |
In the laws of many common law jurisdictions, the concept of legal privilege, or the rule that certain conversations are so private and confidential that they cannot be used as evidence in court, extends to communication between a patient and physician. Although the rule is sometimes thought to apply only to situations such as admissions made to a psychiatrist during treatment, this is only one case. In some jurisdictions, conversations between a patient and physician may be privileged in both criminal and civil courts.
The privilege may cover the situation where a patient confesses to a psychiatrist that he or she committed a particular crime. It may also cover normal inquiries regarding matters such as injuries that may result in civil action. For example, any defendant that the patient may be suing at the time cannot ask the doctor if the patient ever expressed the belief that his or her condition had improved.
The rationale behind the rule is that a level of trust must exist between a physician and the patient so that the physician can properly treat the patient. If the patient were fearful of telling the truth to the physician because he or she believed the physician would report such behavior to the authorities, the treatment process could be rendered far more difficult, or the physician could make an incorrect diagnosis.
For example, let us say a below-age of consent girl came to a doctor with a sexually transmitted disease. The doctor is usually required to obtain a list of the patient's sexual contacts to inform them that they need treatment. This is an important health concern. However, it is likely that the girl might reveal her partners were older, and this could result in a fear that they would be charged with a crime such as statutory rape. In some jurisdictions, the doctor cannot be forced to reveal the information revealed by his patient to anyone except the appropriate health authorities, and they too are required to keep that information confidential. If, in the case, the police become aware of such information, they are not allowed to use it in court as proof of the sexual conduct.
In the United States, the extent of the privilege varies depending on the law of the applicable state. For example, in Texas there is only a limited physician-patient privilege in criminal proceedings, and the privilege is limited in civil cases as well. See generally Texas Occupations Code section 159.003 and Texas Rules of Evidence, Rule 509(b).
Confidentiality post TarasoffEdit
The case of Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California transformed Physician-patient privilege in many parts of the world. In this case the therapist was sued for failing to warn a third person of his patient's desire to harm her.
Thus, for many therapists, harm to others will trump confidentiality and a therapist could be held liable for failing to inform appropriate people if their client reveals a risk to self or others.
Establishing the boundaries of confidentiality is an important part of any relationship with a therapist. Most usually this may need clarification in Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and other forms of Counseling, but also in such areas as Genetic Counseling and infectious diseases medicine.
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Loan rolling – what is it and what does it consist of?
Difficulties in loan repayment do not have to be due to negligence or poor budget management. Life circumstances and a sudden change in a financial situation often affect this. Instead of running away from the problem and exposing yourself to the severe consequences of late repayment, you can use the roll-over loan service. What is it about and is it safe?
Rolling loans – what's up?
Rolling loans - what
Non-payment of loans is a heavy burden for non-banking companies. For this reason, they are trying to suit clients and make it easier for them to settle their debt in a conciliatory way.
One option is to roll over the loan, i.e. to postpone its repayment date. What does this mean for the borrower? It may extend the period for settling the liability, thereby gaining time to accumulate adequate funds to cover the debt.
How does rollover loans work?
When the repayment date is approaching and the debtor has no money to settle the loan, he may request a deferment. Lenders usually allow the extension of the deadline by 7.14 or 30 days. One-time rollover of the loan can be a profitable solution, however, remember that there are additional costs involved.
Continuous extension of the repayment deadline is a simple way to generate large debt that may not be repayable. In that case, how much does a rollover loan cost? It depends on the non-bank company and such a provision should be in the contract. It is worth remembering that not every lender offers this option.
Loan roll-up under the law
Loan roll-up under the law
The high costs associated with extending the deadline have caused many people to fall into a serious debt spiral. The introduction of the anti-usury act has somewhat curtailed the practice of dishonest lenders, limiting the cost of extending the term to a maximum of 25% of the loan value.
For this reason, despite the fact that still receives notifications about usury repayment terms, they constitute a small percentage of the cases handled.
Refinancing and rolling out a loan
An alternative to extending the repayment deadline may be a refinancing service. It involves incurring another liability to repay outstanding debt. What is the difference between these two services?
It is worth remembering that refinancing a loan may depend on your creditworthiness. In the event of an unfavorable history in Credit Checker, another lender may refuse to grant a new payday loan to pay off outstanding liabilities.
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I believe that animals possess greater intelligence than most people give them credit for. But plants? I've never considered the possibility of plant intelligence. The idea seems absurd.
Yet I've had friends argue that plant intelligence might exist. "What are the differences between plants and animals?" they ask, and then argue about certain species (none of which I can remember) that seem to share traits of both.
New research suggests that plants communicate via "networks". Plant communication is not a new idea, and not indicative of intelligence, but interesting nonetheless:
Recent research from Vidi researcher Josef Stuefer at the Radboud University Nijmegen reveals that plants have their own chat systems that they can use to warn each other. Therefore plants are not boring and passive organisms that just stand there waiting to be cut off or eaten up. Many plants form internal communications networks and are able to exchange information efficiently.
Many herbal plants such as strawberry, clover, reed and ground elder naturally form networks. Individual plants remain connected with each other for a certain period of time by means of runners. These connections enable the plants to share information with each other via internal channels. They are therefore very similar to computer networks. But what do plants want to chat to each other about?
Recently Stuefer and his colleagues were the first to demonstrate that clover plants warn each other via the network links if enemies are nearby. If one of the plants is attacked by caterpillars, the other members of the network are warned via an internal signal. Once warned, the intact plants strengthen their chemical and mechanical resistance so that they are less attractive for advancing caterpillars. Thanks to this early warning system, the plants can stay one step ahead of their attackers. Experimental research has revealed that this significantly limits the damage to the plants.
Again, I don't believe this reflects intelligence, but it is certainly fascinating.
[Physorg: Clever plants chat over their own network]


installation. System Requirements: 1. A Unix or derivative operating system. 2. Perl version 5.005 or greater. 3. Perl/Tk, version 800 or later. 4. GNU make. Installation: 1. Untar the Tk-SimpleFileselectarchive with the gunzip and tar commands: # gzip -dc Tk-SimpleFileselect-.tar.gz | tar xvf - or, using GNU tar, # tar zxvf Tk-SimpleFileselect-.tar.gz 2. Change to the top-level subdirectory: # cd Tk-SimpleFileSelect- 3. The top-level Makefile should work on any Unix or derivative system that has GNU make installed. It uses the Perl ExtUtils installation to build the package's Makefile. At the prompt, type: # perl Makefile.PL 4. Build the program module and documentation. Type: # make 6. If necessary, become root (via "su", for example), and install the source files and documentation in the system's site_perl library. # su Enter Password: $ make install Copyright: This software is distributed under the Perl Artistic License. Please refer to the file "Artistic" in this directory. Author - Robert Allan Kiesling.


Playful Cities: Crowdsourcing Urban Happiness with Web Games
Daniele Quercia in Built Environment: "It is well known that the layout and configuration of urban space plugs directly into our sense of community wellbeing. The twentieth-century city planner Kevin Lynch showed that a city's dwellers create their own personal 'mental maps' of the city based on features such as the routes they use and the areas they visit. Maps that are easy to remember and navigate bring comfort and ultimately contribute to people's wellbeing. Unfortunately, traditional social science experiments (including those used to capture mental maps) take time, are costly, and cannot be conducted at city scale. This paper describes how, starting in mid-2012, a team of researchers from a variety of disciplines set about tackling these issues. They were able to translate a few traditional experiments into 1-minute 'web games with a purpose'. This article describes those games, the main insights they offer, their theoretical implications for urban planning, and their practical implications for improvements in navigation technologies….(More)"


Robust data collection essential for health system resilience
By Gilles Soulez
COVID-19 led to a significant drop in medical imaging examinations from March to June 2020. Patients have been adversely affected by the deferral of imaging procedures and lengthening wait lists. Solutions are needed to ensure a sustainable system so that Canadians can access quality, safe, appropriate care during and after the pandemic.
Patchy data undermines efforts to improve patient Access to Care
We cannot improve what we do not measure. There is a shortage of timely and comprehensive data to understand and track imaging volume and demand in Canada, within and across jurisdictions. The Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI) reports on this information, but not all provinces and territories contribute and there is no established benchmark for medical imaging wait times. Not all provinces and territories have a centralized inventory of wait lists and there is no universal imaging priority classification system in place in Canada. Imaging wait times are not systematically reported according to a standardized national framework.
Furthermore, not all provinces are using the standardized medical imaging wait time benchmarks recommended by the CAR. Pan-Canadian medical imaging wait time benchmarks are necessary to create a national dashboard and methodology which can be used to support and promote equitable access to imaging based on medical need, regardless of geographic challenges.
The lack of data is a major hurdle to examining the true impact of the shutdown of services for the health of Canadians.
Our attempts to analyze wait time data are limited because data are not available for every province or jurisdiction and the provinces that do have wait time data utilize different benchmarks. Demand for imaging has consistently outpaced supply even with demand being relatively predictable. Prior to COVID-19, wait times for CT and MRI exceeded recognized standards in most provinces, particularly for patients assigned to non-urgent, non-critical priority levels.
The COVID-19 effect
Imaging volumes were significantly hindered by curtailing of care deemed non-urgent in the spring and early summer. We observed a late resurgence of imaging throughput in June, but the overall level remained below 80% of pre-COVID activities. The important drop in requisitions during the same period helped to maintain the gap between requisitions and examinations performed at a similar level to pre-COVID-19. However, we can observe a widening of this gap and anticipate an increasingly difficult situation when general referral patterns resume to pre-pandemic levels. We have new volume data indicating growing wait lists for non-urgent patients across modalities. Modalities with high throughput (ultrasound and CT) are more problematic, as there is a greater gap to overcome.
Obtaining a complete picture of exactly how many Canadians have been affected by the shutdown and postponement of necessary imaging services remains challenging, given the limitations of the available data.
When will we close the gap?
Despite a decreased demand for imaging services between March and June 2020, the number of Canadians with a health condition that necessitates getting a scan has not changed. This means demand will likely return to pre-COVID levels over time, and likely surpass pre-COVID demand to make up for the current decrease.
Putting our most optimistic assumption forward as to how quickly CT and MRI services can recover, the total difference between the expected provision of CT and MRI and what is missing accounts for approximately 1,440,000 CT and 612,000 MRI scans between March 2020 and December 2022. We do not know the full extent of the backlog for ultrasound services, but our data suggest a dire lack of ultrasound capacity.
These findings will not come as a surprise to most health professionals, however, the pandemic has certainly brought the deficiencies in the healthcare system into the spotlight. Consistently centering around the needs of the patient will naturally lead to the development of data-driven applications and platforms to streamline care pathways and the reasonable exchange of patient data in a jurisdiction-agnostic way. The silver lining of the pandemic may be the recognition of pinch points, barriers, and unnecessary hurdles in the system, and the subsequent building of political will to enact system-wide change.


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Raising Financing: Established Businesses with Revenue over $10 Million
 Mon, 06/24/2019 from 11:00 am to 1:00 pm
20 / 2-30293
Member Price
$79.00 Regular Registration
Your Price
$109.00 Regular Registration
Designed For:
*Review methods of raising financing for businesses with over $10 million in revenue
Some corporate finance classwork or experience helpful
This session reviews proven methods to raise capital for established businesses with greater than ten million in revenue and discusses new methods to raise financing such as Crowdfunding. What are the pros, cons, and sources for each type of financing? What do banks require when you borrow? What do equity investors look for when analyzing making an equity investment? What are the fundraising techniques that small enterprises commonly use that established businesses can now use? How do you present the request for capital to increase your chances for success? If you assist with raising capital, this material is essential.
Delivery Method: Individual webcast
CPE Credit: Finance
Program Level: Intermediate


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The 194-acre Sweetbay Bogs Preserve was the Mississippi Chapter's first land purchase in December 1989, and is named for the area's numerous sweetbay trees.
Bogs are rarely found this far south, and the site has long been considered one of the most critical natural communities in the state. At least six species of rare plants are found here:
Showy orchids and carnivorous plants are present, including sundews, butterworts, bladderworts and pitcher plants.
A number of rare gopher tortoises reside here year-round, while a diversity of neotropical migratory birds make temporary stops.
All the flora and fauna are adapted to periodic fires, which keep bogs free of shrubs and allow new plant growth on which gopher tortoises and other species feed. To mimic a natural burning cycle, the Conservancy uses periodic prescribed fires during the growing season as part of the area's management plan.
Partners who have aided in the understanding of the area include local neighbors and fire department, Mississippi Power Company, Mississippi Heritage Program and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
Due to the sensitivity of the Sweetbay Bogs habitat, field trips are available by appointment only.
For more information on the Sweetbay Bogs Preserve, please contact Becky Stowe, Terrestrial Program Manager.
The Nature Conservancy
South Mississippi Conservation Program
10910 Highway 57, Suite C
Vancleave, MS _PHONE_


SCM430 Unit 5 IP
 Deliverable Length: 3,000–3,600 opinion, not including Title page and Reference minority Add a Summary and Recommendations minority to your Give Compact Process Proficiency Proposal. This minority gain condense your findings and determine your recommendations for the structure you chose as the premise for your proficiency offer. Present a condition for sustainable give compacts and an overall recommendation for proficiency to the audience you enjoy clarified for this purpose. Summary and Recommendations (600 opinion) Provide audience findings for proficiency initiatives sustaining a echoing and prolific give compact influence. Describe how the give compact sustainment elements of governance, environment, gregarious, and economic (financial) can collision the give compact deed of your clarified audience. Update your previously completed minoritys established on educator and peer feedback. Your terminal Give Compact Process Proficiency Offer should pause of the following: Title Page Section 1: Audience Profile Section 2: Give Compact Management Flows Section 3: Organizations and Functions Section 4: Third-Party Logistics (3PL) Section 5: Relationships and Strategies Section 6: Measurement and Management Section 7: Global Give Chain Section 8: Summary and Recommendations Reference Section


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Biostatistics: A Bayesian Introduction
In recent years, Bayesian methods have seen an explosion of interest, with applications in fields including biochemistry, ecology, medicine, oncology, pharmacology, and public health. As an interpretive system integrating data with observation, the Bayesian approach provides a nuanced yet mathematically rigorous means of conceptualizing biomedical statistics--from diagnostic tests to DNA evidence.
Biostatistics: A Bayesian Introduction offers a pioneering approach by presenting the foundations of biostatistics through the Bayesian lens. Using easily understood, classic Dutch Book thought experiments to derive subjective probability from a simple principle of rationality, the book connects statistical science with scientific reasoning. The author shows how to compute, interpret, and report Bayesian statistical analyses in practice, and illustrates how to reinterpret traditional statistical reporting--such as confidence intervals, margins of error, and one-sided p-values--in Bayesian terms. Topics covered include:
* Probability and subjective probability
* Distributions and descriptive statistics
* Continuous probability distributions
* Comparing rates and means
* Linear models and statistical adjustment
* Logistic regression and adjusted odds ratios
* Survival analysis
* Hierarchical models and meta-analysis
* Decision theory and sample size determination
The book includes extensive problem sets and references in each chapter, as well as complete instructions on computer analysis with the versatile SAS and WinBUGS software packages as well as the Excel spreadsheet program. For professionals and students, Biostatistics: A Bayesian Introduction offers an unique, real-world entry point into a remarkable alternative method of interpreting statistical data.
1. Introduction to Statistical Science.
3. Subjective Probability.
4. Distributions and Descriptive Statistics.
5. Statistical Inference.
6. Continuous Probability Distributions.
7. Comparing Two Rates.
8. Inference on Means.
9. Linear Models and Statistical Adjustment.
10. Logistic Regression.
11. Hierarchical Models.
12. Time to Event Analysis.
13. Decision Analysis.
B. Introduction to WinBUGS.
C. Introduction to SAS System Software
"This book should be very useful in the classroom and for interpretation of the literature, and it is thus highly recommended for students, instructors, and investigators." (The Annals of Pharmcotherapy, July/August 2005)
"…a very interesting, well written and…very enjoyable and easy to read book…I highly recommend Biostatistics: A Bayesian Introduction…" (Statistical Methods in Medical Research, Vol. 14, 2005)
"…suitable for serious students, faculty and researchers, and college libraries supporting biology and biostatistics graduate programs." (CHOICE, March 2005)


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- 10 Rules for Effortless Bible Reading
- Always read at night when you're tired.
- Open the book at random; your chances of striking a genealogy are pretty good.
- Never read more than five verses at a time; you might get the idea of a story.
- Tackle the most difficult passages first; they will encourage you to give up more quickly.
- Don't have a system; you might know where to start.
- Fill your bookshelves with translations; they prove it's too hard to understand.
- Never make notes; you might remember something.
- Never share what you read with others; speech often brings thoughts into focus.
- Never attempt a group Bible study; confusion might disappear.
- Whatever you do, never, never become a regular daily reader; it might affect the way you live.
- Author unknown
Wednesday, January 24, 2007
10 Rules for Effortless Bible Reading
The following is from a sermon by Mark Gladwell entitled "Profitable Bible Reading":


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Make a Valentine's Day card by folding a piece of card stock for the card, writing a message on the front with a pencil, curling strips of paper and pasting the strips over the letters. You need a pencil, card stock, scissors, glue, tweezers and strips of paper.Continue Reading
Fold a piece of card stock in half for the card base.
Paste a colored piece of card stock to the front of the card. Cut the front piece of paper smaller than the front of the card so that there is a narrow border around the colored paper.
Write a message in fancy script on the front of the card using a pencil.
Cut a piece of colored paper into strips. Use a pair of scissors to curl the ends of the paper so that the pieces form the letters of the message you wrote.
Dab a little glue on edges of the paper. Using the tweezers, carefully place the strips of paper over the written letters. Hold the paper in place until the glue has set.


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Georgina Clark
Artwork title
HSC year
Expressive form
Collection of works
Artist's statement
A fingerprint is 'an impression left by the friction ridges of a human finger', and a ridge 'a long narrow hilltop or mountain range'. If you look closely at your fingertip you'll see ridges which can be interpreted as topographic maps, or a layering of mountains, providing a connection that we as humans have with the land. This connection brought me to inlay the narrative of my palm into surfaces to construct a portrait series of abstract images of landscape, exploring how our human 'imprints' resonate with the land.
Influencing artists: Andy Goldsworthy, Ewen Ross
Collection connections
The landscape is an important subject for both Georgina Clark and Andy Goldsworthy. Compare their approach, particularly how human connection with the land plays a role in their art practice.
What type of landscape do you have in your local area? How do you connect with it? Does it inspire you? Create a series of works based on your relationship with the landscape around you.


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- Ground Calcium Carbonate
- Precipitated Calcium Carbonates (PCC)
- Talc Powder
- Micro Talc
- Hydrated Lime
- Calcium Stearate
- Magnesium Stearate
- Zinc Stearate
Calcium Stearate is a carboxylate calcium compound, categorized as calcium soap or ordinary called calcium soap, because of its slippery properties and physical properties like soap.
Calcum Stearate is produced by reacting stearic acid with calcium oxide in certain temperature and with a certain duration of time.
Calcium Stearate is smooth and slippery to the touch, insoluble in water and can not even mix with water or waterproof / waterproof, very stable in conditions high temperature, serves as a lubricant, stabilizer and thickener in various processes.
In the manufacturing industry, Calcium Stearate is widely used as a raw material for manufactures various types of products and applications
Here are some functions and uses of Calcium Stearate in several industries;
# Foods, Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetic Industries: Calcium stearate, is the calcium salt of acid stearate derived from vegetable fats and oils, with the chemical formula Ca(C18H35O2)2. is synthetic material that can be used as a surface conditioner, anti-caking agent, release agent, lubricants, binders, emulsifiers and thickeners in foods with the European food additive number E470a. It can also be used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, pharmaceuticals and other applications.
Calcium Stearate is used in cosmetic, pharmaceutical, food and other chemical formulations as an anti-caking agent due to its lubricating and water-repellent properties. Calcium Stearate is used for prevent the product from absorbing moisture and stickiness as well as increase the plasticity. Addition Calcium stearate also provides a more even product yield.
# Rubber Industries: in the Rubber Industry, Calcium Stearate is used as a filler and as an anti-caking agent to prevent rubber coagulation/clumping and to release the final product from the mould.
# Plastic Industries: Calcium Stearate is an excellent solid lubricant for use in the process of injection and extrusion of various types of plastic. Calcium Stearate also functions as a stabilizer and to obtain better transparency properties, good color resistance, good long-term stability and provides resistance to weather conditions.
In the manufacture of PVC, Calcium Stearate or Calcium Stearate neutralizes hydrochloric acid, HCl, which can be released from the PVC melting process, so that it can extend the lifetime of the PVC.
Calcium Stearate is used in the following types of plastics, namely;
Acrylonitrile Butadiene… (ABS)
Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC)
Sheet and bulk molding (SMC/BMC)
Calcium Stearate as a Separating Agent for Rubber, Plastics and Ceramics
Unlike other separators, calcium stearate has a high melting point, so it can used like graphite which acts as a dry lubricant.
Some industries that use calcium stearate as a separator are:
Metal Industry, Rubber Industry, Plastic Industry, and Ceramics
Water Repellent Agent on Construction Materials
Small addition of calcium stearate in solids or emulsions in small proportions, between 1% and 6% to cement, significantly improves the water-repellent properties of the mixture.
In this way, in addition to producing the impermeability of the mixture, the addition of calcium stearate also avoid the appearance of the effect of flowering / efflorescence.
In the precast industry, calcium stearate emulsion is widely used, while the powder form is used in the manufacture of mortar and putty.


Kitty's mouth ulcers
What is an Eosinophilic Granuloma Complex?
Kitty's mouth Ulcer – Is in fact an Eosinophilic Granuloma Complex
Kitty does not like vets. She certainly was not going to open her mouth and say Ahhhhh. So Kitty came in for an anaesthetic and when we opened her mouth we found some interesting lesions. You can see the photos below.We took a sample of the tissue and sent it off to the laboratory and they diagnosed an eosinophilc granuloma complex. After we confirmed there was no other cause of disease and also confirmed that she did not have any of the nasty cat viruses (Feline Leukaemia and Feline Aids) we treated her with a glucocorticosteroid. The good news is she is better but the bad news is she will likely require life long medication.
What is a Granuloma?
What is an Eosinophil?
An eosinophil is a type of white blood cell that is commonly associated with allergic responses or with parasitism. Eosinophil counts will go up on a blood test when a pet has fleas or worms or when an allergy is flaring up. Eosinophils can circulate in the blood or they can infiltrate tissue. They are part of the body's pathway to fight foreign materials and expel them from the body. Unfortunately, they can be tricked into thinking that some sort of benign materials (pollens, dust, etc) are attempting invasion. In this instance (allergy) they release their inflammatory chemicals inappropriately, creating the sensations of itching, swelling, redness and other symptoms of allergy.
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So, here is my problem: I am working on a top down 2d shooter in Java and have a character, which can move and rotate/fire to the mouse direction. Shooting guns etc. works fine but now i am trying to implement a shell ejection system, which "ejects" the shells next to the player. The problem is, that i can't just draw the shells next to the player since the player has an x and y position which are rotating. I want the shells to have a random radius in which they will be ejected. But i don't know how to implement something like this. Any suggestions?
EDIT: That's my shell-ejection method, which doesn't work(the angle represents the player angle):
 public void shellEjection(){
 x=(float) x*((float) (Math.cos(angle)));
 y=(float) y*((float) (Math.sin(angle)));
 double length = Math.sqrt((mouseX - x)*(mouseX - x) + (mouseY - y)*(mouseY - y));
 double xVel = (5 - x) /length * 5*bulletVelocity;
 double yVel = (5 - y) /length * 5*bulletVelocity;
 - 1
 \$\begingroup\$ To which class is this method attached? How is it called? \$\endgroup\$ – Vaillancourt Dec 7 '16 at 18:56
 - \$\begingroup\$ it's attached to the bullet class. \$\endgroup\$ – Cringe Dec 7 '16 at 18:59
 - 1
 \$\begingroup\$ What does the code which calls this method look like? How is it used? \$\endgroup\$ – Vaillancourt Dec 7 '16 at 19:01
 - \$\begingroup\$ edited my code. Hope it's more clear now. \$\endgroup\$ – Cringe Dec 7 '16 at 19:16
 - 1
 \$\begingroup\$ Who calls that code? :P \$\endgroup\$ – Vaillancourt Dec 7 '16 at 19:17
To give you a pseudo code solution:
 1. Get X and Y from the gun (gun position).
 2. Work out the relative rotation of the gun from the player (purple arrow), so that you can easily offset the shell fall direction later.
 3. Work out the direction and distance that the shell should fly, you will probably want a general direction that the shell will fall in since shells in real life don't tend to fall into exactly the same location.
 4. spawn the shell and start moving it in the direction that you determined in the last step.
 5. stop moving (and manipulating) the shell once it reaches the point you want it to land at.
enter image description here
I made a quick image of what I mean to better illustrate these steps above. That should be the rough steps of what you need to do. Keep in mind that you will want to use an object pool to stop yourself wasting resources and if it's available to you stop updating the shell object once it reaches it's final point so that you only render it (not wasting precious CPU cycles).
Hope this helped :)
From what I understand the problem that you have is that you don't know how to find the XY position of the gun since the gun is at an offset from the middle of the character. I'm guessing that the gun is always in the same position when being fired relative to the center XY (or at least you know about every position or can figure that out another way).
What you can try doing is figuring out what the distance is from the center to the gun, then use Sin and Cos (yay maths) to figure out where the gun is in space based on the rotation. There is a great site that visualises the relationship between sin and cos here.
So to give an example:
enter image description here
Use pythagoras theorem to work out the distance, again check that website i mentioned above to get a better writeup.
 - \$\begingroup\$ Yes, i had the same kind of idea in mind. The angle for the falling shell direction itself is not a problem since it's dependent on the shot-angle. The main problem i have, is the "ejection"-movement/direction itself. The ejection direction is dependent on the rotation which is updating the whole time and that's what i don't really understand how to achieve. \$\endgroup\$ – Cringe Dec 7 '16 at 21:03
 - \$\begingroup\$ Yes and no, the ejection direction is dependent on the shooting angle only when the player shoots and a shell needs to be ejected. After that the shell only needs to follow its direction while the gun can move anywhere at any angle, after they spawn you should think of them as unrelated objects in your game that you need to move. \$\endgroup\$ – user3797758 Dec 7 '16 at 21:52
 - \$\begingroup\$ Yes and that's the problem. I don't know how to couple the rotation with the movement(the update of the x and y position to eject the bullet next to the playeror the weapon in this case). \$\endgroup\$ – Cringe Dec 7 '16 at 22:20
 - \$\begingroup\$ ok i tried working with shapes now. I aligned a line to the player center and it rotates just like i want it to. I thought about maybe letting the bullets fly in the vector of a the bullets length but when i rotate the shape, the x and y positions of the line don't change. I am not that good with trigonometry, so a little help here would be much appreciated :( Maybe a code formula or something? \$\endgroup\$ – Cringe Dec 8 '16 at 15:54
 - \$\begingroup\$ ok, no problem the edit should have you covered. \$\endgroup\$ – user3797758 Dec 9 '16 at 16:27
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UPPER DUBLIN — Students at Jarrettown Elementary School got to see art come to life as they journeyed back in time to the late 19th century during their art classes earlier this month.
The weeklong traveling art exhibit focused on the works of Mary Stevenson Cassatt and the impressionist period of art in France.
The art room at Jarrettown was transformed to fit the time period as large banners of Cassatt's works along with those of other well-known impressionist painters were displayed. Flowers, fine china and even period costumes on loan from the Michener Museum in Doylestown were also on display to help re-create the time period.
Jarrettown art teacher Sara Farrell herself got in on the act, as she dressed from head to toe in period costume and welcomed students, in French, into her classroom.
Farrell explained the time period, Cassatt and the impressionist style of art to students; had them try on some costumes to make them feel like real painters of the time; and showed them various samples of different impressionist paintings. Students seemed to enjoy watching their classmates try on the period clothing and had lively discussions of what they thought was happening in each painted scene they were shown.
This year marks the fifth year the art program at Jarrettown has held such an exhibit, beginning with the works of Vincent Van Gogh and last year focusing on Asian painter Katsushika Hokusai. Farrell said this year she wanted students to learn about an important female artist and chose Cassatt because of her ties to Philadelphia.
According to Farrell, the exhibit is funded through a grant by the Upper Dublin Education Foundation and through the proceeds from the online student art gallery Artsonia.com. Farrell said Artsonia allows parents to purchase their student's work and 20 percent of proceeds benefit the student's school. The funds from Artsonia were used to contact the Michener for the costumes and other materials, while Jarrettown teachers offered plants, hats and other materials to help sell the exhibit to students, she said.
Farrell told students the impressionist style was very different from what people were used to seeing at the time but soon became very popular.
She said she chose the impressionist movement to help students understand the value in looking for multiple solutions to any problem in life.
"In every other class, this is the answer," she said. "I want them to see there are 100 different ways to do something. Why do I have to do it that way?"
"Sara does such an incredible job," said Margaret Place, Jarrettown principal, adding lessons were tailored to meet the grade and skill level of the students. She said Farrell "wanted to bring art to life for students."
Farrell said the exhibit ties in nicely, because the fifth-grade class began studying the impressionist period the following week.