text:
MicroKernel Router Status Codes
This section lists the status codes you can receive from the MicroKernel router, which receives requests from the Btrieve requesters and routes them to the correct version of the MicroKernel.
3000: The MicroKernel router encountered a memory allocation error
The MicroKernel router could not internally allocate memory. Check the Pervasive Event Log (PVSW.LOG) for more information.
3001: Local access is unavailable to the MicroKernel router
A call to the MicroKernel failed. This is most likely the result of an incorrect configuration. For example, if the MicroKernel is unavailable because of configuration settings and the file to be opened is local, then the MicroKernel router returns this status code.
3002: The MicroKernel router resource DLL is unavailable
The MicroKernel resource DLL is either missing or incompatible with the current version of the router. If this happens, the MicroKernel reverts to its default settings and continues to run. Check the Pervasive Event Log (PVSW.LOG) for more information.
3003: The MicroKernel router detected an incompatible network component
The networking services component is not compatible with this version of the MicroKernel router. The most likely cause is that the Networking services DLL has been replaced by an older version. Check the Pervasive Event Log (PVSW.LOG) for more information.
3004: The MicroKernel is not responding to the MicroKernel router
The MicroKernel is not responding to requests from the MicroKernel router. Verify that the MicroKernel is running.
3005: The MicroKernel router encountered an operating system error
The MicroKernel router encountered an unexpected error from the operating system, such as a shared memory failure. Check the Pervasive Event Log (PVSW.LOG) for more information.
3006: The MicroKernel router detected an invalid session
The session information contained in a position block is invalid. This status code occurs for one of the following reasons:
- The application is trying to use a position block for a file that resides on an engine and for which the connection has been previously terminated via a B_STOP (25) or B_RESET (28) operation.
- The application is trying to use a position block for a file that resides on a remote server and that encountered an abnormal network error on a previous operation.
- When using only the NetBIOS protocol with a remote Workgroup engine, the client is sending more bytes than can fit into the engine's network read buffer. Go the machine where the remote Workgroup engine is installed, and try increasing the value of the configuration parameter, Server4Communication Buffer Size4Read Buffer Size.
3008: Invalid configuration for MicroKernel router
This status code results from an invalid configuration. For example, if both client configuration options, Access4Use Local MicroKernel Engine and Access4Use Remote MicroKernel Engine are set to Off, the router has no valid path to take. If this situation occurs, set at least one of these options to On, depending on whether you are using a local engine, a remote Server engine, or both.
3009: NETinterface.DLL is not loaded
The MicroKernel router could not find NETAPI.DLL.
3012: Local engine is not accessible to the MicroKernel router
Access to the local engine is not possible because it is not loaded or could not be launched. You can receive this status code if you try to access a local file on a client and you do not have a Workgroup engine installed or if you try to access a local file on a server and the Server engine is not running.
If you have only a server engine installed and your Pervasive Event Log (PVSW.LOG) contains Status Code 3012 warning entries, perform the following steps:
To Turn Off Local Engine support (for clients and workstations only):
- Start Pervasive PSQL Control Center (see "Starting PCC on Windows" on page 3-3 in Pervasive PSQL User's Guide).
- Expand Local Client. Right-click MicroKernel Router and select Properties. Login if prompted.
- Click Access.
- In the right hand frame, change the value of Use Local MicroKernel Engine to Off.
- In the right-hand frame, change the value of Use Remote MicroKernel Engine to On. Click OK.
- Restart the engines for the new settings to take effect.
3013: The remote engine is inaccessible to the MicroKernel router because the networking component is not loaded
Access to the remote engine is not possible because the MicroKernel router could not initialize the networking component. Possible causes include:
- The client configuration option, Access4Use Remote MicroKernel Engine, is incorrectly set to Off. Set it to On to access a remote Server engine.
- The required networking component could not be found or is not compatible.
3014: The MicroKernel router cannot find an engine
The MicroKernel router could not complete the operation because it did not find an engine (local or remote) that could process the operation. Possible causes include:
- The target network operating system is not available.
- The target engine is not available.
- In a Windows 3.x environment, you are using a shared drive name that contains a space. To resolve the condition, remove the space from the shared drive name. For example, if you connect to a server named "D Drive", change the share name to "D_Drive".
3015: The MicroKernel router encountered an initialization error
An unexpected error occurred during the initialization of the MicroKernel router. Check the Pervasive Event Log (PVSW.LOG) for more information.
3016: The MicroKernel router encountered an internal error
The MicroKernel router encountered an internal error. Check the Pervasive Event Log (PVSW.LOG) for more information.
3017: Data buffer of the local engine is too small
The requester has more data to send the MicroKernel than the MicroKernel buffers can handle. This status code is only relevant to an engine running locally and does not apply to client/server environments. Some possible solutions include:
- Specify higher values for Communications Buffer Size (see "Configuration Reference" on page 4-1 in Advanced Operations Guide.
- Use smaller buffers in your operations.
3018: The file is already closed
The MicroKernel router is shut down and is not accepting any more requests.
3019: The MicroKernel router encountered a semaphore error
A semaphore error occurred while trying to establish contact with the local engine. Check the Pervasive Event Log (PVSW.LOG) for more information.
3020: An error occurred while loading the MicroKernel
You receive this status code when an error occurs while loading the MicroKernel or when access to the server and client machine shared memory objects are unavailable. Check the Pervasive Event Log (PVSW.LOG) for more information.
3021: The MicroKernel router received a badly formatted data packet
The MicroKernel router rejected the response from the engine because it was badly formatted.Check the Pervasive Event Log (PVSW.LOG) for more information.
3022: The MicroKernel router could not send the request to the remote engine because the specified data buffer length resulted in a data packet object that is too large
A request to the MicroKernel router specified a data buffer length that resulted in a data packet size greater than 64 KB, which is the maximum. This can occur even if the data buffer length for the request is smaller than 64 KB because the MicroKernel router adds some packet overhead as it forms the data packet. Check the Pervasive Event Log (PVSW.LOG) for more information.
3030: Remote access not allowed
This code is returned if the path is remote, the client configuration setting for Use Local MicroKernel Engine has been set to Off, and either:
- the key number on the open request indicates 'local only'; OR
- the configuration setting for Use Remote MicroKernel Engine is set to Off.
3031: Linux requester cannot connect to this server
This code is returned if a Pervasive PSQL Linux requester attempts to connect to a Pervasive.SQL 2000 server that has Service Pack 2a or earlier, or a Pervasive.SQL V8 server without Service Pack 1.
- To use the Linux requester to connect to a Pervasive.SQL 2000 server, you must have a special update that is available at _URL_
- To use the Linux requester to connect to a Pervasive.SQL V8 server, you must have Service Pack 1 or higher which is available for download at _URL_
3032: Failed to initialize shared memory to local engine
This status code results if a second user attempts to access another user's database engine through the transactional interface. The application is unable to connect to the local engine. Possibly a database engine has been started by another user on the machine in a non-elevated mode. If so, other users will not be able to connect to that engine.
One situation in which this status code may result is if a user starts the Workgroup Engine or Cache Engine in a Terminal Services session or by switching users through fast-user switching. Other users on the system cannot access that engine nor can they start their own copy of the engine. To allow multiple users access to a Workgroup Engine or Cache Engine in a Terminal Services session or through fast-user switching, start that engine as a service instead of as an executable.
The Btrieve Status Code Listing, incorporated in this Documentation, has been provided with the written permission of Pervasive Software Inc.


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STRATEGIC LEVERS FOR IMPACT
In achieving long-term social impact, three key strategic drivers have been identified that are measurable and able to improve the quality of life of individuals, communities and society as a whole. Hasanah terms the three strategic levers of impact as Increase, Innovate and Influence.
Increasingly, we have seen Hasanah's programmes driving scale, investing in new and improved methodologies and involved in advocacy and influencing of policies and structures for the long-term.
Scaling up and deepening reach, engagements and programmes across all focus areas.
Develop new, innovative and improved approaches (content) and sustainable solutions to pressing social and environmental issues.
Advocate and shape policies to achieve structural changes and systems reform in our focus areas.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Re: "Officials expect flood may hit more than 1,000 homes," June 21.
In this article, there were at least two bits of data that highlight why officials and experts cannot be trusted when it comes to predicting what is going to happen in nature, even in the short term.
Take the flood crest predictions for Medicine Hat and Lethbridge referred to in the article. Officials predicted 5,300 cubic metres per second versus actual of 2,800, while in Lethbridge, the prediction was 4,500 cubic metres per second with actual of only 2,100.
Even with all the extensive and expensive data network for rainfall and river flows, these predictions were offby 100 per cent. The public should be asking why experts cannot get flooding predictions right, even in extremely short time scales, let alone long ones.


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Principles of Arc Extinction in Circuit Breaker
Before discussing the methods of arc extinction, it is necessary to examine the factors responsible for the maintenance of arc between the contacts. These are :
- potential difference between the contacts.
- ionised particles between contacts
Taking these in turn,
Methods of Arc Extinction in Circuit Breaker
- High resistance method
- Low resistance or current zero method.
1. High Resistance Method
- Lengthening the arc – The resistance of the arc is directly proportional to its length. The length of the arc can be increased by increasing the gap between contacts.
- Cooling the arc – Cooling helps in medium between the contacts. This increases the arc may be obtained by a gas resistance. Efficient cooling blast directed along the arc.
- Reducing X-section of the arc – If the area of X-section of the arc is reduced, the voltage necessary to maintain the arc is increased. In other words, the resistance of the arc path is increased. The cross-section of the arc can be reduced by letting the arc pass through a narrow opening or by having smaller area of contacts.
- Splitting the arc – The resistance of the arc can be increased by splitting the arc into a number of smaller arcs in series. Each one of these arcs experiences the effect of lengthening and cooling. The arc may be split by introducing some conducting plates between the contacts.
2. Low Resistance or Current zero Method
- (a) causing the ionised particles in the space between contacts to recombine into neutral molecules.
- (b) sweeping the ionised particles away and replacing them by unionised particles.
Therefore, the real problem in AC arc interruption is to rapidly deionise the medium between contacts as soon as the current becomes zero so that the rising contact voltage or restriking voltage cannot breakdown the space between contacts. The de-ionisation of the medium can be achieved by :
- (i) lengthening of the gap : The dielectric strength of the medium is proportional to the length of the gap between contacts. Therefore, by opening the contacts rapidly, higher dielectric strength of the medium can be achieved.
- (ii) high pressure. If the pressure in the vicinity of the arc, is increased, the density of the particles constituting the' discharge also increases. The increased density of particles causes higher rate of de-ionisation and consequently the dielectric strength of the medium between contacts is increased.
- (iii) cooling : Natural combination of ionised particles takes place more rapidly if they are allowed to cool. Therefore, dielectric strength of the medium between the contacts can be increased by cooling the arc
- (iv) blast effect : If the ionised particles between the contacts are swept away and replaced by un-ionised particles, the dielectric strength of the medium can be increased consider-ably. This may be achieved by a gas blast directed along the discharge or by forcing oil into the contact space.


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Electricity market report July 2022 update
In the first half of 2022, many electricity markets continued to experience skyrocketing prices, particularly in Europe, reflecting deep uncertainties over both fossil fuel supplies and the economic outlook. Russia's invasion of Ukraine shattered any hope of energy prices declining in the near term following the strong increases seen in the second half of 2021. In Europe, the situation prompted heightened ambitions and strengthened policies to advance clean energy transitions and reduce dependency on fuel imports. But in the short term, it also resulted in a partial return to coal-fired electricity generation. Sluggish economic growth is expected to dampen global electricity demand growth in 2022 and 2023 to less than half the rate seen in 2021. Despite gas-to-coal switching and low nuclear power plant availability in Europe, global electricity sector emissions may decline slightly in 2022 and 2023 – reflecting a combination of slowing power demand and displacement of fossil fuels by renewables. This July 2022 update of the IEA Electricity Market Report presents the latest forecasts for global electricity demand, supply and emissions through 2023. In light of Russia's invasion of Ukraine, also provide a special focus on the situation in Europe, discussing recent developments and future plans.


(UOM)
Unit Description
None Integer or floating point number for any type (processes, users, etc.).
s Seconds, can be s, ms, us.
% Percentage.
B Bytes, can be KB, MB, GB, TB. Lowercase is also possible.
c A continuous counter (e.g. interface traffic counters).
Icinga metric writers normalize these values to the lowest common base, e.g. seconds and bytes. Bad plugins change the UOM for different sizing, e.g. returning the disk usage in MB and later GB for the same performance data label. This is to ensure that graphs always look the same.
'rta'=12.445000ms 'pl'=0%
Thresholds and Min/Max
Next to the performance data value, warn, crit, min, max can optionally be provided. They must be separated with the semi-colon ; character. They share the same UOM with the performance data value.
$ check_ping -4 -H -c '200,15%' -w '100,5%'
PING OK - Packet loss = 0%, RTA = 12.44 ms|rta=12.445000ms;100.000000;200.000000;0.000000 pl=0%;5;15;0
Multiple Performance Data Values
Multiple performance data values must be joined with a space character. The below example is from the check_load plugin.
load1=4.680;1.000;2.000;0; load5=0.000;5.000;10.000;0; load15=0.000;10.000;20.000;0;
Icinga has a safety mechanism where it kills processes running for too long. The timeout can be specified in CheckCommand objects or on the host/service object.
Best practice is to control the timeout in the plugin itself and provide a clear message followed by the Unknown state.
Example in Python taken from check_tinkerforge:
import argparse
import signal
import sys
def handle_sigalrm(signum, frame, timeout=None):
 output('Plugin timed out after %d seconds' % timeout, 3)
if __name__ == '__main__':
 parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
 #... add more arguments
 parser.add_argument("-t", "--timeout", help="Timeout in seconds (default 10s)", type=int, default=10)
 args = parser.parse_args()
 signal.signal(signal.SIGALRM, partial(handle_sigalrm, timeout=args.timeout))
 #... perform the check and generate output/status
Plugins should provide a version via -V or --version parameter which is bumped on releases. This allows to identify problems with too old or new versions on the community support channels.
Example in Python taken from check_tinkerforge:
import argparse
import signal
import sys
__version__ = '0.9.1'
if __name__ == '__main__':
 parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
 parser.add_argument('-V', '--version', action='version', version='%(prog)s v' + sys.modules[__name__].__version__)
Plugins should provide a verbose mode with -v or --verbose in order to show more detailed log messages. This helps to debug and analyse the flow and execution steps inside the plugin.
Ensure to add the parameter prior to implementing the check logic into the plugin.
Example in Python taken from check_tinkerforge:
import argparse
import signal
import sys
if __name__ == '__main__':
 parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
 if args.verbose:
 print("Verbose debug output")
Create a new Plugin
Sometimes an existing plugin does not satisfy your requirements. You can either kindly contact the original author about plans to add changes and/or create a patch.
If you just want to format the output and state of an existing plugin it might also be helpful to write a wrapper script. This script could pass all configured parameters, call the plugin script, parse its output/exit code and return your specified output/exit code.
On the other hand plugins for specific services and hardware might not yet exist.
Watch this presentation from Icinga Camp Berlin to learn more about How to write checks that don't suck.
Common best practices:
 - Choose the programming language wisely
 - Scripting languages (Bash, Python, Perl, Ruby, PHP, etc.) are easier to write and setup but their check execution might take longer (invoking the script interpreter as overhead, etc.).
 - Plugins written in C/C++, Go, etc. improve check execution time but may generate an overhead with installation and packaging.
 - Use a modern VCS such as Git for developing the plugin, e.g. share your plugin on GitHub and let it sync to Icinga Exchange.
 - Look into existing plugins endorsed by community members.
Implementation hints:
 - Add parameters with key-value pairs to your plugin. They should allow long names (e.g. --host localhost) and also short parameters (e.g. -H localhost)
 - -h|--help should print the version and all details about parameters and runtime invocation. Note: Python's ArgParse class provides this OOTB.
 - --version should print the plugin version.
 - Add a verbose/debug output functionality for detailed on-demand logging.
 - Respect the exit codes required by the Plugin API.
 - Always add performance data to your plugin output.
 - Allow to specify warning/critical thresholds as parameters.
Example skeleton:
# 1. include optional libraries
# 2. global variables
# 3. helper functions and/or classes
# 4. define timeout condition
if () then
 print "UNKNOWN - Timeout (...) reached | 'time'=30.0
# 5. main method
if () then
 print "CRITICAL -... | 'time'=0.1'myperfdatavalue'=5.0
else if () then
 print "WARNING -... | 'time'=0.1'myperfdatavalue'=3.0
 print "OK -... | 'time'=0.2'myperfdatavalue'=1.0
There are various plugin libraries available which will help with plugin execution and output formatting too, for example nagiosplugin from Python.
Ensure to test your plugin properly with special cases before putting it into production!
Once you've finished your plugin please upload/sync it to Icinga Exchange. Thanks in advance!
Service Monitoring Overview
The following examples should help you to start implementing your own ideas. There is a variety of plugins available. This collection is not complete – if you have any updates, please send a documentation patch upstream.
Please visit our community forum which may provide an answer to your use case already. If not, do not hesitate to create a new topic.
General Monitoring
If the remote service is available (via a network protocol and port), and if a check plugin is also available, you don't necessarily need a local client. Instead, choose a plugin and configure its parameters and thresholds. The following examples are included in the Icinga 2 Template Library:
Linux Monitoring
Windows Monitoring
Database Monitoring
SNMP Monitoring
Network Monitoring
Web Monitoring
Java Monitoring
DNS Monitoring
Backup Monitoring
Log Monitoring
Virtualization Monitoring
VMware Monitoring
Tip: If you are encountering timeouts using the VMware Perl SDK, check this blog entry. Ubuntu 16.04 LTS can have troubles with random entropy in Perl asked here. In that case, haveged may help.
SAP Monitoring
Mail Monitoring
Hardware Monitoring
Metrics Monitoring


text:
The sign of the world Lithuanian song festival is a tree of life
The tree consists of the following three parts or levels: A sentence is a trunk with branchesand the of the tree. Tree roots are the past, the rudiment which delivered it, a seed that sprouted it.
The strong trunk and lush crown means present, fortitude, prosperity, life. It's a persistence and straight way to endeavour goals. The top of the tree symbolizes the hope which is shining like the Sun and the tree climbs to it with all its force. The land feeds the tree roots and gives the life. This land is Lithuania. The bird on the top of the tree means the song of free Lithuanian spirit burst through all trivial works and troubles then it converges into the one holy song – Song festival.


text:
The previous post looked at User Defined Functions (UDFs) for working with vectors, including examples of functions to find the area of polygons defined by coordinates. In this post the functions will be extended to find other section properties (such as first and second moment of area), and compared with the functions presented previously in Section Properties07.xlsb. The new functions (including full open source code) can be downloaded from: SecPropV.xlsb. The new function returns up to 14 values as an array function; refer to Using Array Formulas if you are not familiar with their use.
The code used in the new functions is shown below:
For i = 1 To Num1 - 1 j = i + 1 Vect1(i, 1) = Coords(i, 1) Vect1(i, 2) = Coords(i, 2) Vect2(i, 1) = Coords(j, 1) Vect2(i, 2) = Coords(j, 2) CrosspA(i) = Vect1(i, 1) * Vect2(i, 2) - Vect1(i, 2) * Vect2(i, 1) Next i k = 1 For i = 1 To Num1 - 1 Area = Area + CrosspA(i) Next i Area = -Area / 2
First Moment of Area (about X axis):
For i = 1 To Num1 - 1 AX = AX + CrosspA(i) * (Vect1(i, 2) + Vect2(i, 2)) Next i AX = -AX / 6
Second Moment of Area (about X axis):
For i = 1 To Num1 - 1 IX = IX + (Vect1(i, 2) ^ 2 + Vect2(i, 2) ^ 2 + Vect1(i, 2) * Vect2(i, 2)) * CrosspA(i) Next i IX = -IX / 12
The full list of properties returned by the function is:
The performance of the new function is compared below with the previous version in computing the section properties of a circle defined with 1 million points on the circumference:
It can be seen that the new function (red line) has very little advantage for the area function, but the calculation of first and second moment of area is substantially faster. For both functions the calculation of section properties relative to different axes is almost instantaneous.
Details of input are shown below:
Input XY coordinates must be listed in a 2 column range, with the last point being the same as the first. Points should be listed in a clockwise direction to return a positive area. As shown in the example, a hollow shape my be analysed by entering the outer boundary in the clockwise direction, then the inner boundary in the anti-clockwise direction, finally returning to the starting point on the outer boundary along the same line.
If not all the output values are required the number to be calculated may be specified in the optional NumOut argument. Alternatively, enter -1 list the symbols for each output value in sequence, or -2 for a description of each value.
Finally, if only the area is required, the algorithm taken from the Softsurfer site is considerably faster, at about 0.25 seconds for the 1 million segment circle. An example of the Area2D and Area3D functions is shown below:
Area = 0 For i = 2 To n - 1 j = i + 1 k = i - 1 Area = Area + PointVals(i, 1) * (PointVals(j, 2) - PointVals(k, 2)) Next i Area = Area + PointVals(i, 1) * (PointVals(1, 2) - PointVals(i - 1, 2)) Area = -Area / 2


text:
There are multiple variations of IF statements:
The simple IF construct is used to evaluate a Boolean condition and execute an appropriate set of commands. For instance the following example determines whether the current day of the week is Friday:
IF DATEPART(dw, GETDATE()) = 6 BEGIN PRINT 'TGI Friday' END
We can easily extend the same construct by adding an ELSE clause to take the alternative course of action and calculate the number of days before Friday:
IF DATEPART(dw, GETDATE()) = 6 BEGIN PRINT 'TGI Friday' END ELSE BEGIN SELECT 'Sorry, Friday is'+ CONVERT(VARCHAR(1), (6-DATEPART(dw, GETDATE())) )+'days away' END
Alternatively we can determine the Boolean value of a condition based on the outcome of a SELECT statement:
IF (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM authors) > 20 PRINT 'authors table contains more than 20 records'
Note: If you wish to execute multiple statements depending on the value of a condition, be sure to enclose those statements within a BEGIN END block
ometimes you have to check for multiple conditions and control your program accordingly. You can do so by combining these conditions with AND and OR within the simple IF construct. The following example demonstrates two conditions combined with AND operator:
IF (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM authors) > 20 AND (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM authors WHERE state = 'ca')>0 PRINT 'authors table contains more than 20 records' SELECT CAST((SELECT COUNT(*) FROM authors WHERE state = 'ca') AS VARCHAR(2)) +'of them are from california'
The previous query will return the number of authors in CA only if the authors table contains any authors from that state and only if the total number of authors is greater than 20. Therefore the AND operator returns true only if both parts of the condition are true.You can also combine conditions with the OR operator, which checks both conditions and returns TRUE if one of them is TRUE or if both of them are true. The OR operator returns FALSE if both parts of the condition are FALSE. Although you can use the OR operator within a simple IF construct it is not recommended to do so. If you have to check for multiple conditions combined with OR logic, it is recommended to use either nested IF statements or CASE operator.
IF EXISTS construct checks for the existence of a record fitting a specified criterion or any records in the specified table and takes action accordingly. This is a great approach to take if you don't have to retrieve any values from a table. Since you cannot do any data retrieval with EXISTS, the SELECT statement within the EXISTS clause does not have to specify any column names - the "*" operator will suffice. In fact IF EXISTS will be more efficient than IF SELECT. The following example checks whether there are any authors from KS in the authors table:
IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM authors WHERE state = 'ks') PRINT 'found author(s) from KS'
As we noted earlier, if you have to check multiple conditions you can use nested IF ELSE statements. These should be handled with care and appropriately indented to make the code readable. If you've used any other programming language you'll find T-SQL nested IFs very easy to get used to. The following example executes appropriate user stored procedures depending on the price of "abc" stocks:
DECLARE _USER_ SMALLMONEY SELECT _USER_ = stock_price FROM high_yield_stock WHERE stock_symbol = 'abc' IF _USER_ > 10.01 BEGIN EXEC usp_alert_for_high_prices END ELSE IF _USER_ BETWEEN 5.01 and 10.00 BEGIN EXEC usp_notify_managers END ELSE EXEC usp_alert_for_price_drop
If the outer condition evaluates to TRUE, the inner conditions will not be checked. This is especially useful if the evaluation criteria require multi-table joins or searches which are resource intensive.
IF NOT (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM sales WHERE ord_date BETWEEN '1/1/95' AND '12/31/95') > 0 BEGIN PRINT 'no sales have been recorded in 1995' END

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Submitted to: Journal of Dairy Science
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: October 10, 1995
Publication Date: N/A
Interpretive Summary: Demands to lower dairy producers' milk-testing costs, to increase technicians' ability to handle more herds, and to reduce disruption of normal milking routine have spurred investigations and implementations of alternative milk-testing methods that have the credibility of official Dairy Herd Improvement record keeping plans. Yield on test day reported as a percentage of the actual milk shipped has been proposed by dairy industry groups as a statistic for monitoring the accuracy of alternative record keeping plans. This statistic was examined to determine 1) if its properties differed with herd size, production level, and record-keeping plan and 2) whether adjusting individual daily milk yields for this statistic would increase the accuracy of genetic evaluations for milk yield. Frequency distribution of the statistic revealed a normal distribution centered around 103%, which indicated that dairy producers average 3% more milk yield on test day than they normally ship. Herd size, record keeping plan, and herd production level explained little of the differences in test-day yield as a percentage of milk shipped. Monitoring test-day yield as a percentage of milk shipped should help 1) to ensure that correct milking intervals have been reported to record keeping technicians and 2) to detect previously unknown problems associated with collection of test-day milk yields. Although adjusting individual daily milk yields for the test-day yield as a percentage of milk shipped could result in better estimates of actual milk produced, such an adjustment would have little effect on accuracy of genetic evaluations.
Milk yield recorded on Dairy Herd Improvement (DHI) test day was compared with milk yield shipped from Texas and Minnesota herds in the innovative DHI test plan "Alternate AM/PM Without a Timer." Controls were test-day yields and milk yields shipped from official DHI herds in Texas, Illinois, Minnesota, and several Northeastern U.S. states. Herd test-day milk yield as a percentage of milk shipped (%MS) was considered an indicator of accuracy of the test. Mean %MS was 103 with a standard deviation of 6 for all plans and regions. If herd test-days with missing values were excluded, the percentage of herd test-days within 96 to 110 %MS was 77 and 82 for Texas and Minnesota innovative test plans, respectively, and 82, 82, 79, and 81 for Texas, Minnesota, Illinois, and Northeastern official plans. Analysis indicated that %MS was consistent across herd sizes, data sources, and milk production levels. Eight hypothetical testing plans were examined with or without adjusting lactation yields for %MS. Multitrait animal model variance component estimates of the lactation milk yields were computed and compared. Adjusting records for %MS would decrease mean milk yields by 3% and could result in better estimates of actual milk produced but would have little effect on accuracy of genetic evaluations.


text:
Rights and Responsibilities in an Intergenerational Polity
In this timely study, Thompson presents a theory of intergenerational justice that gives citizens duties to past and future generations, showing why people can make legitimate demands of their successors and explaining what relationships between contemporary generations count as fair. What connects...
Published February 14th 2013 by Routledge
Defence of a Collectivist Ethics
Ethical disagreement is a fact of social life. We disagree about issues such as abortion, euthanasia, the meaning of justice and the treatment of animals, and our debates often fail to reach a consensus. Some philosophers think that this means there is no objective knowledge about morality....
Published November 5th 1998 by Routledge
A Philosophical Inquiry
The political changes of recent years and the problems of poverty, the environment and nationalism have led to calls for the establishment of a just world order. But what would such a world be like? This book considers the concept of international justice as it has developed in traditional...
Published April 2nd 1992 by Routledge


text:
A retention election or judicial retention is a periodic process whereby a judge is subject to a vote during an election. A judge is removed from the position if the majority of those voting decree that it will be so.
In a retention election, the incumbent judge is not being evaluated against an opponent. Rather, he or she simply receives votes of yes to retain or no, do not retain.
Retention votes are frequently thought of in connection with the commission-selection, political appointment method of judicial selection. However, some states that choose state Supreme Court justices for their initial term in office using partisan or non-partisan elections use a retention election for subsequent terms on the court.
Typically, judges and justices in states with retention elections are retained with anywhere from 60-80% of the vote. However, retention elections are sometimes used as opportunities to remove from office judges who have made unpopular rulings. For example, in Iowa's 2010 retention election, David Baker, Marsha Ternus, and Michael Streit, three Iowa Supreme Court justices, were denied retention by slim margins because of the court's unpopular decision to legalize gay marriage.
States with retention elections for all level of courts
States with appellate court retention elections
States with retention elections following popular elections
For these states, once a judge has been elected to the court in a popular election, he or she stands for retention in subsequent elections.
2012 retention elections
For information about judges up for retention 2012, see: JP Election Brief: 2012 Retention Elections.


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The Political Economy of Sugar in Southern Africa – Introduction
MetadataShow full item record
In this introductory paper we review historic and contemporary development of sugar cane production across the southern Africa. We argue that the region's sugar industry provides a useful lens through which to understand current dynamics of corporate capital and agricultural production in Africa. We identify three distinct elements of political-economic analysis: first, the operation of logics of capital investment in different settings; second, the nature of state policies and politics in different national contexts; and third, local processes of production, accumulation and livelihoods, including effects on labour and social differentiation. The paper draws on the empirical cases from seven southern African countries presented in this collection. It highlights the rapid concentration of corporate control by three South African companies over the past decade, but also a diverse set of outcomes contingent on local context. This is particularly evident in the nature of 'outgrower' sugar cane production which is found in all cases but constituted in different places by quite different social categories in terms of wealth and scale of production. We argue that common stereotypes of corporate investment as either 'win–win' or as a 'land grab' rarely apply. Rather, the nature and outcomes of 'outgrower' systems needs to be understood as a manifestation of context-specific political-economic relationships between corporate capital, national governments and a variety of local holders of capital, land and labour.
CitationAlex Dubb, Ian Scoones & Philip Woodhouse (2017) The Political Economy of Sugar in Southern Africa – Introduction, Journal of Southern African Studies, 43:3, 447-470, DOI: 10.1080/03057070.2016._PHONE_
Rights holder© 2016 The Author(s)
- IDS Research
Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


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Finnish scientists may soon have a new brew on tap, if they can figure out the recipe used to make what is perhaps the oldest known bottled beer in the world. For about 200 years, five brown bottles of beer were kept well-chilled on a shipwreck in the Baltic Sea. One of those prized bottles is currently at the VTT Technical Research Center of Finland, being carefully analyzed by scientists clothed in clean room coveralls and bouffant caps, face masks, and gloves.
The brewmaster who created that beer could not have ever imagined such a fuss over it. Five of his bottles survived a shipwreck during the early 1800s off the Åland Islands of Finland. The beer was discovered in the summer of 2010 by divers who had just recovered the oldest-known cache of bottled champagne from the same shipwreck.
According to CNN, the ship may have been sailing from Copenhagen, Denmark, to St. Petersburg, Russia, carrying on board gifts from King Louis XVI of France to the Russian Imperial Court.
The VTT scientists, who have considerable experience in malt and brewery research, have begun to study this record vintage beer. They have carefully unsealed the bottle and extracted from it a slightly cloudy golden-amber liquid with a light froth.
But what about the taste test? According to the BBC, four professional beer tasters have tried the antique brew. Annika Wilhelmson of the VTT commented,
"They said that it did taste very old, which is no surprise, with some burnt notes. But it was quite acidic – which could mean there's been some fermenting going on in the bottle and with time it's become acid,"
The beer bottles were found at a depth of about 160 feet, where seawater temperatures are just above freezing. After two hundred years of deep chill, there may be surviving microbes – yeast or lactic acid bacteria – still sluggishly alive in the brew. If not, dead cells can be recovered for DNA analysis to determine the yeast strains used to ferment the beer. Chemical analysis of the liquid will shed light on the grains and other ingredients that were used to make the beer.
In a press release from the VTT, Annika Wilhelmson, a customer manager, said,
It is very interesting to find out what kind of yeast was used in beer brewing in the early 1800s, and what the beer's quality was like. Was it perhaps very strong and bitter? The role of yeast in beer brewing was not yet fully understood in the early 1800s.
Learning about how the beer was made is, in itself, a fascinating exercise. But the provincial government of Åland wants to take it a step further: they plan to use the research findings to recreate the original recipe, to continue the craft of a brewmaster who lived some 200 years ago.
The secrets in the bottles of beer, lost at sea in the early 1800s and recovered from a shipwreck off the Åland islands of Finland in the summer of 2010, may be known as early as May 2011. Scientists at the VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland plan to release a scientific paper about their findings. Buried in the technical details of their analysis will be the real treasure, a recipe to resurrect a beer of remarkable historical vintage.


Folker is a boy name and means people's guard. It is a Norse name and its pronunciation is \f(o)-lker, fol-ker\. Other similar names and variants include: Folke, Volker, Vollker. Folker is not a popular first name for men but a somewhat popular surname or last name for both men and women (#47415 out of 88799).
Discover other Famous boy names that start with f
Folker VIP rank
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Actors named Folker
Movie Director
Directors named Folker
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Here's a list of VIPs named Folker:
 - Folker Bohnet (actor)
Famous actors named Folker and their movies
Folker Bohnet
Folker Bohnet
 - No. of movies: 1
The Bridge
The Bridge
Directed by: Bernhard Wicki
Starring: Folker Bohnet, Fritz Wepper, Michael Hinz, Frank Glaubrecht
Country: United States of America
Discover other Famous actor names that start with letter F
Frequently Asked Questions
Is Folker a popular name?
Over the years Folker was most popular in None. According to the latest US census information Folker ranks _TAG_ while according to Folker ranks #2nd.
Who is a famous person named Folker?
There a several famous people named Folker, for example actor Folker Bohnet.


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Red blood cells (RBC) are amazing natural machines for delivering oxygen to tissue and sustaining life. Unfortunately, they can be easily damaged by medical devices (such as dialyzers or LVADs), pharmaceuticals, storage, or disease.
The main test for RBC damage is hemolysis – or cell rupture. However, this fails to detect other mechanical damage ("sub-hemolytic" damage) that does not cause immediate cell rupture – typically the case for the vast majority of cells. Such "hidden" damage can pose a significant health hazard.
In other words, when it comes to understanding blood damage, RBC hemolysis is just the tip of the iceberg.
The mechanical fragility (MF) of RBC is recognized as a more sensitive indicator of overall membrane damage than hemolysis alone. Prior to Blaze, approaches to measuring this fundamental blood property have not been practical for standardization or commercialization. In addition, single-point (i.e. non-profile-based) index values generated by those methods have a limited capacity to adequately reflect cells' propensity to hemolyse under varying and/or protracted stresses.
Profiling of RBC MF using conventional means is laborious and lengthy, and has been rare thus far. Overcoming technological hurdles such as real-time tracking of induced hemolysis changes, combined with innovative mechanical stressors for controlling the hemolysis induced, are key to widespread use of RBC MF in various applications.


Capturing cell protein production in action could help fight antibiotic resistance
The fight against antibiotic resistance could be aided by new 3D images of the final steps involved in manufacturing proteins in living cells, scientists reveal today in a letter to Nature.
By refining a technique known as cryo-electron microscopy, researchers from Imperial College London and CNRS-Inserm-Strasbourg University have determined how the enzyme RF3 helps prepare the protein-making factory for its next task following disconnection of the newly formed protein strand.
The team's success in capturing the protein-making factory, or ribosome, in action using cryo-electron microscopy will help scientists to begin deciphering the molecular detail of how many antibiotics interfere with the final steps of protein synthesis - an area not currently targeted in antibiotics research.
Professor Marin van Heel of Imperial's Department of Biological Sciences and senior author of the study says:
"Many antibiotics kill bacteria by interfering with their protein-making factories, or ribosomes. But bacteria can often become resistant by mutating their ribosome machinery. Observing ribosomes in action helps us understand which areas of the protein complex evolve such resistance quickly. This information could then be used to develop new antibiotics that target the more stable regions.
"We've used cryo-electron microscopy in a similar way to time lapse footage. It has allowed us to visualise how one cog in a cell's protein manufacturing plant operates. By refining the technique even further we hope to be able to visualise the molecular interactions on an atomic scale. This kind of knowledge has applications across the board when you are trying to work out key factors in diagnosis, treatment or cause of many diseases."
Professor van Heel pioneered cryo-electron microscopy 10 years ago. Since then it has become an essential part of many structural biologists' toolkit. It overcomes the problem of weak image contrast in electron microscopy and avoids the difficult and time-consuming process of growing crystals that can be analysed using X-ray diffraction.
Electron microscopy images are created by firing electrons at the sample but this process rapidly damages the biological material. To overcome this degradation problem researchers use a low dose of radiation, which leads to extremely poor image quality. "It's like trying to see in the dark," says Professor van Heel.
"Cryo-electron microscopy uses a sample in solution which is rapidly frozen by plunging it into liquid ethane and maintaining it at the same temperature as liquid nitrogen," he explains.
"This maintains the 3D structure of the molecule and gives you instant access to the cellular process of interest. Also, the effect of freezing the sample before electron microscopy reduces radiation damage. This makes it possible to apply a higher electron dose, which gives a clearer image."
To manufacture proteins, cells make a transcript of a gene's DNA. The template is then edited and shuttled out of the cell's nucleus to a ribosome. Here the subunits of proteins are linked together in a specific sequence spelt out by the template in a process known as translation.
While the structure and function of the release factors (RF) involved in directly disconnecting the new protein from ribosome are known, researchers previously did not know the mechanism of the last steps before the ribosome protein complex either disassembles or moves on to reading the next DNA template.
"Termination of translation is controlled by two classes of release factors," says Professor van Heel. "Solving the structure of RF3, a member of the second class of release proteins, has shown how it removes the first class of release factors that recognise when the ribosome has reached the end of a gene."
The team was able to show that RF3 catalyses a large conformational change in the ribosome. This in turn moves the transfer RNA (t-RNA), from the inside of the ribosome to the outside where it can exit. The t-RNA is then free to find more building blocks of proteins to bring back to the ribosome for assembly.
"After the X-ray structure of the ribosome became available a few years ago, one might think we already know all there is to know about protein synthesis," explains Professor van Heel.
"But we've still got so much to learn about the precisely synchronised series of steps that occurs. Researchers only became aware of the existence of ribosomes 50 years ago but they've a mystery since the creation of life 3.5 billion years ago. By improving the high resolution images we can create using cryo-electron microscopy our long term goal is to create a movie of protein synthesis on an atomic scale."
Source: Eurekalert & others
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Consistency is the last refuge of the unimaginative.
-- Oscar Wilde


Spiritual Imbalance -The Damaged Soul
Spiritual Imbalance
What is a damaged soul? A damaged soul is a soul in need of spiritual healing.
"What is a soul? An incarnate spirit."
What is the aim of incarnation?
The physical body is simply a covering for the incarnate spirit. Therefore, one can surmise that the incarnate spirit is foremost, while the body takes an inferior position.
If it is true that the soul is more important than the physical body, why do we pay more attention to the body, and less to the soul?
Why do we seek physical perfection and neglect the true purpose of the soul?
According to an article written by Dr. Margaret Stream, "Americans spent more than $13 billion on 11.7 million cosmetic surgery and non-surgical procedures."
Society is constantly reminding us that we are imperfect individuals. Go to the nearest newsstand and observe the numerous magazines with articles on how to attain the perfect face, body, etc. Television infomercials, ranging from weight loss to anti-aging creams to surgical procedures are continuously bombarding us with their products and promises of a better you. And, the list goes on.
Undoubtedly, many people are obsessed with reaching society's ideal picture of physical perfection at any cost. However, what happens when the person attains physical perfection? Is he or she truly happy?
In recent times, a change is slowly taking place. Spiritual websites, workshops, seminars, books, etc. are beginning to emerge more. It seems that people are beginning to question the existence of the soul and search for answers.
Although there is nothing wrong with enhancing one's physical appearance, we must never lose sight of the importance of the soul. The body decays, while the soul lives on. It is eternal.
During my travels, I have met people from different walks of life. Some were the ideal picture of physical perfection, while others were far from it. There were people that were spiritual and others that were not. I have learned two things. First, physical perfection does not guarantee happiness. Second, spiritual attunement is the key to physical and spiritual healing.
Many years ago, I met a young woman who was extremely overweight. She was a miserable individual who had few friends. When I questioned someone about her attitude, I was told, "She is just unhappy because she thinks she is fat."
In time, the woman lost a considerable amount of weight. Although she had reached society's definition of physical perfection, her disposition remained the same, if not worst. She became the supervisor of her department, and made the lives of those who worked under her unbearable.
Although she was no longer overweight, her negative attitude remained intact. It was obvious that her soul was in a dark place and needed to be rescued.
The goal of incarnate spirits is to reach a higher level of purification. Although some spirits remain in a state of darkness, due to a consequence of numerous infractions committed while in the body, the opportunity to reincarnate, set things right and follow the correct path is available to all.
An incarnate spirit who possesses several imperfections and is in a state of total darkness is considered a damaged soul or spiritually imbalance. The spirit has become a prisoner within itself.
When the incarnate spirit comes into the world, it comes with a clear slate. The accumulation of diverse experiences and the person's demeanor, while in the body, determine the status of the soul. Being envious, jealous, malicious and apathetic,just to name a few, are signs of a tormented, inferior and/or damaged soul.
It is paramount to shift the tides of negativity to a more positive way of comportment in order for the incarnate spirit to find itself spiritually balanced.
Many individuals attend spiritual gatherings, or places of worship in search of spiritual enlightenment. They listen attentively to messages of spirits or religious representatives.
Although the words can open up the door for spiritual understanding,it is the person who needs to make the inner transformation.
One must remember that the process of spiritual enlightenment commences with the individual. The person needs to be truthful and receptive. The person needs to journey deep into the soul and confront the imperfections accumulated in this lifetime as well as past lifetimes. It is vital to confront the issues, accept them, work them out, and release them to the universe.
By doing the above-mentioned, the incarnate spirit begins the process of freeing itself from the clenches of negative energy and move towards spiritual perfection.
Remember, the body dies; however, the soul lives on.
Spiritual Imbalance -Go to Art Gallery
Spiritual Imbalance -Homepage


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No additional information.
Can develop different horns of any type, and may develop more than one pair, though no more than three pairs. - Will ALWAYS have one pair of horns at minimum, unless they opt to saw them down.
May develop two tails instead of one, or no tail at all.
Horns do not grow in until late stages of development.
Rarely, a dark-skinned child will be born, though they are (most often) exiled or killed on birth. - They are seen as a curse, and often mistaken for a Daemon child.
Females do not have breasts, they do not need them to feed their young.
Reproductive organs not visible until the process takes place.
Rarely feel the need to wear attire, very difficult to find any proper fitting size.
Can be born with or without wings.
Horn style varies with every born.
Skin color pertains to location:
"From the egg Agranon are born with pearly white scales and silver eyes, which progressively change color and shape depending on the environment the infant is raised. Heated environments produce adults with red or brown scales and goldenrod eyes, cooler environments develop blues, greens, yellows, or stay the original white, with eyes of silver or blue."


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Its fleece electrostatic
Mauricio Pauly, Linda Jankowska, Angela Guyton
This is the video version of the work, ITS FLEECE ELECTROSTATIC (a work for amplified violin and guitar pedals). The pure violin sounds and their processed counterpart are visually integrated through the mechanics evident in their performance. Because the technology is integrated into the physical performance, the artifice is exclusively within the music as it unfolds over time. The video takes this relationship further; using datamoshing as the primary visual language, it directs the ligaments and muscles propelling each musical gesture to gather their potential in colour form and re-organises them in space to produce a vivid, multi-dimensional and expansive experience of the work.
It is a document of the event of a relationship's disintegration, which spanned the making of the video. In addition to being personally deeply significant, each section navigates the following relationships as puzzles to be solved, seeking beauty in their solutions:
+ the seen and the heard
+ artificial (recorded/looper) space vs real (air/performer) space
+ co-operative vs disruptive, or even destructive, sounds
+ the silent and the not
+ melody and texture
+ past and future
"Mary had a little lamb, its fleece electrostatic / And everywhere Mary went, the lights became erratic"


Design a synchronous sequential circuit with one input line and one output line that recognizes the input string x = 1111. The circuit is also required to recognize overlapping sequence such that if the input string is x = 1101111111010 then the output will be z = 0000001111000. Use D Flip-Flops AND a separate design with JK Flip-Flops.
1. State Table
2. State Diagram
3. Flip-Flop Excitation Tables
4. K-Map Simplification and resulting diagram
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The Bell Gothic™ font family was originally commissioned by the AT&T corporation for use in telephone books and other applications. It was created by typographer Chauncey H. Griffith in 1938 and was not available for general use until after 1978, when AT&T adopted the Bell Centennial™ font family instead.
Bell Gothic History
When the AT&T corporation commissioned Chauncey H. Griffith to create the Bell font, they were looking for a number of useful features for inclusion in the finished typeface. Attractiveness was an important factor: so too the ability to print the font at fairly high speed on thin paper without loss of clarity. The font also had to be legible at very small sizes, as it would be used in their telephone books. For the same reason, Bell Gothic also had to be spatially economical, given the constraints of the medium it was to be published on.
At the time of the font's creation, Griffith was heading the typographic development program at the Mergenthaler Linotype Company. Earlier in his career with Linotype, Griffith had been responsible for the production of a typeface known as the Excelsior™ font family, which had taken the newspaper industry by storm because of its impressive readability at tiny point sizes as well as its attractiveness.
When Bell Gothic was replaced by Bell Centennial in 1978, the original font was licensed for widespread use and released by Linotype. It later became very popular with the design community in publishing, logotype and informal use. Currently, the font is available in six variants including italic, bold and black.
Bell Gothic Usage
Aside from its commissioned usage in AT&T telephone books - a function it performed for four decades – Bell Gothic has found success in other arenas. After its release to the general populous in the late seventies, Bell Gothic became the subject of extensive experimentation in type at modern creative locations like the Cranbrook Academy of Art, RISD and the Design Academy Eindhoven. The usage of Bell Gothic in design has continued to be widely debated and slightly controversial, as creative artists utilize the face in increasingly unusual ways, straying from its "intended use." Nevertheless, the versatility of the font continues to inspire in the creation of corporate identities and published materials all over the world.


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Aero Bars: These are extensions, which come out of the front of some types of handlebars that lets the rider get into an aerodynamic position. These are used mostly on road bikes.
All Terrain Bicycle (ATB): This is another name for a mountain bike.
Attack: A sudden burst of speed to get ahead of a pack or group of riders.
Bar Ends: These are the extensions that connect to the end of a mountain bike's handlebars. They help the rider gain leverage when they are going up hills. They also can be used as a hand rest.
Bit and Bit: This is when riders take turns riding in front of the pack.
Block: In road racing, this is an attempt to foil or frustrate a chase by slowing down a paceline.
Blow Up: To be overcome with fatigue.
BMX: This stands for Bicycle motocross. This was derived from motorcycle motocross and is off-road racing over a track that has been laid out with various obstacles on it. BMX bicycles are like mountain bikes, but they do have a smaller frame and smaller wheels.
Bottle Cage: This is a bracket where a water bottle can be kept on a bicycle frame.
Bottom Bracket: This is a hole in the bottom of the frame of the bicycle where the axle is attached.
Box: A ploy where one rider rides just behind and to one side of another rider, who is usually a team mate, so a third rider can not pass without having to swing wide around them.
Breakaway: This is when one rider or a group of riders has sped up and broken away from the main pack of bicyclists to get clear of the pack.
Bridge: This means to move from one pack of riders and join another pack that is further ahead on the course.
Brodie: A maneuver on a mountain bike that involves locking up the rear brake, which forces the rear end to skid or slide sideways making a sharp turn. Works best on dirt.
Bunch: See Pack
Bunny-Hop: To pull up on the handlebars, and lift both wheels off the ground at once and jump the bike over an object while staying on the bike.
Cadence: The number of times a cyclist can peddle in a minute.
Caliper Brakes: Caliper brakes consist of two brake pads that grab or grip the rim of the wheel in order to stop the bike.
Cantilever Brakes: These are caliper brakes where the pivot point is below the rim and they are fastened to the fork or frame.
Captain and or Driver: This is the front rider on a tandem bicycle. The Captain controls the handlebars the gearshift levers and the brakes. The back rider follows the instructions from the Captain, such as leaning into corners, etc.
Carve: To be able to make a hard turn while maintaining a clean line. It can also mean to spin a bicycles rear tire and make a rut in the dirt.
Century: A quick way of saying a 100-mile ride.
Chain: The long loop of metal links that connects the chain-rings to the rear cogs. Without the chain the bicycle would not be very efficient and difficult to ride.
Chain Gang: This is similar to bit and bit, but it is a training exercise where riders take turns leading a pack of riders.
Chain-ring: This is the large toothed ring that is attached to the pedals and cranks, which in turn move the chain.
Chain-set: This consists of the chain-rings, chain and rear sprocket.
Chain-stay: The two pieces of a bike frame that connect the bottom bracket to the rear wheel.
Chain-suck: A descriptive term meaning that the chain gets caught between the chain-stay and the rear wheel. Bummer.
Chasers: These are the cyclists who are trying to catch a group of breakaway riders.
Circuit Races: This is a closed circuit race where a rider has to ride a certain distance or a certain number of laps.
Cleat: Cleats are put on the bottom bicycle shoes and they lock into a clipless pedal. Great for generating power when cycling, not so great if you need to put your foot down in a hurry.
Clipless Pedal: What is a clipless pedal you ask, (see above). This is a pedal that is made so that a cleat on the bottom of the cyclist's shoe (again see above) will lock into the pedal with a special spring-loaded device. Clipless pedals get their name because they can replace toe clips that can also be used to keep your feet on the pedals.
Cog: A rear sprocket and the cogwheels that make up the sprocket.
Control Points: See Pits.
Cornering Clearance: Refers to the clearance a bicycle has when cornering before digging a pedal in the dirt or ground. It is also called road clearance or pedal clearance.
Counter-Steering: A maneuver used to control a skid. A rider steers the bicycle briefly in the opposite direction from which he/she wants to turn.
Course des Primes: This is a race that awards prizes along the way and these are called primes.
Crank: A slang term meaning that a rider used a lot of effort.
Cranks: The pieces of equipment that drives the chain-ring. They are "arms" that are bolted to the crankshaft.
Crankshaft: This is the axle that the cranks attach to.
Cross Country: A mountain bike race that is run over forest roads, hiking trails, logging roads, Etc.
Circuit Race: See Stage Race.
Criterium: A road race where the roads are closed and the riders race through the streets.
Cruiser: A bike that was made for easy and relaxed riding. Usually a much less costly bike then other bicycles
Cruising: Simply means to ride a cruiser.
Cyclo-Cross: These are races that take place in the winter over open country, such as fields and woods and there are or should be trails for the bikers to follow. The course should be about 15 miles (24 kilometers) or if a circuit is used at least 1.8 miles (3 kilometers)
Damping: This is the method used to control the suspension in a fork, without damping a suspended fork would bounce and would make the bike almost uncontrollable.
Demi-fond: A middle distance track event where the bicyclist has the pace set by a motorcycle. There are usually four distances that the competitors race at: 800 meters, 1,500 meters, 3,000 meters and 10,000 meters. Both men and women race at these distances.
Derailleur: This is a device that lets a cyclist change gears and it does this by moving the chain from one chain-ring or sprocket to another.
Devil Take The Hindmost: This is a race in which the last rider, after so many laps, across the finish line is eliminated from the race.
Digging a Pedal: When a rider is leaning into a turn and a pedal hits or drags on the ground.
Dismounting: If a rider gets off or dismounts from his bicycle he is not allowed to get back on but is allowed to wheel, carry or drag their bicycle across the finish line.
Domestique: A team rider who will forgo his or her individual accomplishment to help a designated teammate win a race.
Downhill: This is a time trial event. It's a mountain bike race where riders race down a hill one-by-one and the fastest time wins.
Downhill Bike: This is a bike made for racing down mountains.
Draft: To save energy, a rider will follow closely behind another rider and use him as a windbreak. That is why you will sometimes see the lead rider swerve to force the rider behind him to not follow as close.
Dress: Bicyclist must wear a riding outfit that covers them from the neck down to their knees. They must also wear a helmet for safety reasons.
Drift: The term for a bicycle that is sliding sideways while continuing to move forward. This is usually as a result of the bicyclist taking a corner too fast.
Drop Handlebars: These are racing handlebars that have low swept-down ends that help the rider get into an aerodynamic riding position.
Dual-Suspension Bike: This is a bike that has both front and rear suspension. The slang for this kind of bike is Dualie.
Dump: Simply means to crash.
Eat It: A harsher way then Dump to say the same thing: a crash.
Echelon: A spread out line of riders, each rider right behind the rider ahead, and this allows them to travel considerably faster than a solo rider. Riders will take turns leading the echelon.
Endo: This is a kind of crash where the rear end of the bicycle comes high off the ground and throws the rider over the handlebars. Ouch.
End Plugs: These are the plastic caps that fit into the ends of handlebars.
Fairings: An accessory designed to reduce wind drag, put on the front of the bicycle.
False Start: One or more riders starts a race before they are suppose to.
Fat Tire: A nickname for a mountain bike, because mountain bikes have fat tires.
Feeding Station: Places along the bicycle course or route where riders in mountain bike or road races can get food and/or drink.
Field: See Pack
Field Sprint: This is a sprint at the finish by numerous riders in a road race.
Flyer: An unexpected attack, usually by a lone rider.
Force the Pace: One or a group of riders, for strategic reasons, increases the speed of the race to force the rest of the riders to go faster.
Forks: That part


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Ethics education plays an integral role in the fostering of active global citizenship, critical thinking and global competence which includes examination of local, global and intercultural issues, understanding and appreciation of the perspectives and worldviews of others, engaging in open, appropriate and effective interactions with people from different cultures, and acting for collective well-being and sustainable development.
However, ethics is studied in European secondary schools within a wide variety of curricula, ranging from philosophy and civics, to ethics as an independent curriculum such as in Germany. This fragmentation of curricula, along with a fragmentation of pedagogical methods and goals, inhibits the opportunities for exchanges of best practices and mutual learning. One of the remarkable findings in preliminary research was that none of the EU countries employed a comprehensive methodology towards oracy in the ethics classroom: even though classroom discussions on ethical topics were common, a more systematic approach to debating moral dilemmas remained absent. This is noteworthy, as many studies have shown the positive impact of debate on the development of skills that are at the core of every ethics curriculum, such as critical thinking, empathy and respect for different viewpoints
COMET project therefore aims at overcoming these curricular differences through digital and debate-based methodological innovation, in order to promote the acquisition of skills and competences of European ethics teachers.
Objectives, activities and impact
Within the project (2017 – 2020) we have established a network of ethics teachers by means of an online platform, which can now be visited at _URL_
In the ongoing follow up project (2020 – 2023) we are:
- expanding the online platform with the ethics curricula
- developing the teacher's guide with the provisional title: 'Teaching Ethics Through Debate', that will fit to the variety of curricula and approaches throughout the partner countries.
Consortium and partners
Coordinator: Tilburg University (Netherlands)
Consortium consists of five universities (Tilburg University, The Netherlands; Sofia University, Bulgaria; Universidad Complutense Madrid, Spain; Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway; Matej Bel University, Slovakia), three secondary schools (Wolfert Bilingual School Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Gymnasium Weilheim, Germany; Lycée Classique de Diekirch, Luxembourg), and three associations (Za in Proti, National Debate Organisation of Slovenia; Udruga Mala Filozofija, Philosophical Association of Croatia; Institute of Educational Policy in Athens, Greece). Additionally, the COMET 2 project has three associated partners: Fédération Internationale des Sociétés de Philosophie (FISP), Association Internationale des Professeurs de Philosophie (AIPPh), and International Debate Education Association (IDEA).
Project is co-funded by the European Union (EU Commission)
Key Action: Cooperation for innovation and the exchange of good practises
Action type: Strategic Partnership of school education


The Four Types of Humor in Women
Paul Dobransky MD's picture
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The Four Types of Humor in Women
Tension is not always a bad thing. At least when you recognize that it is the same as arousal, and arousal is a neutral thing simply meaning that you have someone's attention.
On one end of the spectrum, allowing it to build too high becomes anxiety-ridden and uncomfortable, and letting it be too loose - too slow - causes it to fall flat and not be very interesting.
The perfect complement to a gift for creating tension with a woman, is the gift of humor - and the knowledge that there are exactly four main types of it.
It was kind of stunning to recently read about the ancient physician below, when thinking of how his ideas were eventually debunked as primitive and nearly magical-thinking, unscientific, and patently wrong...
...only to have one of those "wait a minute" moments when we stop to wonder: Could there have been something to it that was simply misinterpreted or incomplete?
Galen's "Four Humors"
To the Roman physician who lived two centuries before Christ, there were four "humors" of a different sort from what you were thinking - a word denoting a type of bodily fluid (which, come to think of it, may actually be the sort you were thinking of when you wanted to learn more about women's humor)... anyway... in that time, it was thought that all things were combinations of four basic elements: earth, air, fire, and water.
 - The qualities of these elements were thought to be found in four corresponding humors, or fluids that affect the functioning of our bodies.
 - These four humors were thought to affect our emotions and general characteristics of our behavior - our "temperaments."
 - Temperamental problems were thought to be caused by an imbalance in our "humors." by restoring the balance of our four humors, a physician could cure our emotional and behavioral problems.
Except for the fact that there aren't "four humors in the body" and the ones that do, clearly don't "influence our behavior." (Other than, perhaps, the humor of the frisky kind.)
In Galen's explanation of personality, there were four PHYSICAL fluids that make us up:
 - Phlegmatic - the kind that "is slow, quiet, shy, rational, and consistent."
 - Choleric - the kind that "is fiery, energetic, and passionate."
 - Sanguine - the kind that "is warm-hearted, cheerful, optimistic, and confident."
 - Melancholic - the kind that "is sad, fearful, depressed, poetic and artistic."
In his ancient view, if one of these four liquids - phlegm, bile, black bile, or blood - were developed in too much abundance (and an imbalance resulted), the person developed a personality style befitting that liquid. Which clearly is not really what is going on.
Psychological theories, a relatively recent development in history, are often explained through metaphors borrowed from the PHYSICAL world. For example, Sigmund Freud's "drives" and "forces" or such phrases set in physical, visual, gut-felt mental images as "it's on the tip of my tongue."
Again, it's pretty clear that the tongue is not a brain, and "ideas" and "memories" do not LITERALLY, PHYSICALLY position themselves at the distal end of your organ of taste.
It's just a metaphor that gives you a visual image in your head of what it feels like to "almost remember" an important bit of information, and still can't quite access it from your memory.
You also must be familiar with how such pseudo-sciences as Astrology manage to sometimes seem almost as if they are "real" or scientifically valid or accurate.
Their trump card? A distribution of characteristics seen across the variety in the populace, and viola - there appear to be explanations for everything you see in what is being measured, when in reality, what you are seeing is none other than the "phenomenology" - or outer appearance of a range of characteristics, simply documented.
Tie the outer appearance of things on a range, to a metaphor that has a range, and you have the illusion of causation without an actual, valid, predictive, measurable, repeatable, reliable, and valid SCIENTIFIC THEORY.
So Astrology...
Simply make a scale that has a beginning (January) and an end (December) - and has all other varieties of the item between the two ends. The rest of the months and constellations of the sky in those months, and you have all the varieties in the seasons and their dates to work with.
Next, tie the range to a metaphor that also has the range - in the case of Astrology, the varieties of behavior, preferences, style, needs, wants, desires and hoped-for fulfillment.
Cap it off with repetition that leads to only seeing the "false positives," ignore the negatives, and it seems like all people born in March act this way and all people born in August act a different way.
The truth is that we ALL act, ALL ways.
So there's first a problem in Galen's theory on several levels - there's no direct connection between body fluids and behavior AND THERE'S NOT A CONSISTENT WAY OF RESPONDING to the phenomenology observed. For example, did they use leech therapy? Or take some roots and berries thought to impact phlegm? Who knows that the right response is for being Choleric or Melancholic? No rhyme or reason to anything that comes next.
Secondly, the metaphor isn't even creative or useful in a way that has clear identifiers, because, thirdly, psychology is invisible, and he or those who interpreted him, made the false assumption that the physical metaphor was more than just symbolism - but instead the way things really do, physically work.
I'd always assumed that ancient ideas such as his - now primitive from the perspective of a couple millenia later - might best be discounted and ignored entirely, that when a new theory arrives, throw out the old theory.
But wait a minute. What if we ought to not "throw the baby out with the bath water" as my grandmother used to say.
It turns out that "phenomenology" is quite useful so long as it is tied to repeatable results that are predictive therefore, and while to engineering types this may be all that counts. Even to basic bench scientists it becomes useful when new evidence comes along to explain CAUSALITY of the phenomenology.
In the field of Psychiatry we use phenomenology all the time to categorize, diagnose, and head toward treatment this way. It's called the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual - sets of common phenomenologic findings that statistically correlate with diagnoses, which are then reliably treated by certain types of medicines and therapy.
Re-reading Galen in this way, it's not lost on me that he had four categories of personality and temperament, that they covered a diversity of human behaviors - a spectrum if you will - and maybe that's the "baby" to not throw out with the "bathwater."
In some ways, they sound remarkably like some modern models of personality, from the color codes to Myers-Briggs, to our own KWML personality/temperaments:
 - Phlegmatic - "is slow, quiet, shy, rational, and consistent" - like our "KING/QUEEN" temperament.
 - Choleric - "is fiery, energetic, and passionate" - like our "WARRIOR" temperament.
 - Sanguine - "is warm-hearted, cheerful, optimistic, and confident" - like our "MAGICIAN" temperament.
 - Melancholic - "is sad, fearful, depressed, poetic and artistic" - like our "LOVER" temperament.
If we deal with the problem of HAVING NO CAUSALITY with the example below, we just might be able to harvest some usefulness out of Galen even today, without falling prey to his error of lacking causality by attributing behavior to physical structures, "humors" and the like.
And then look at today's use of the word HUMOR to learn a brand new skill in communication to women - the "haha" kind of humor for which there is no "science" or systematic theory - only an art...
The Hair Color Personality System
Here's an example of how one could "make up their own personality system" using no knowledge of behavior, no scientific reliability, and certainly no CAUSAL connection between variables:
Say that you notice one or two women in your time who have a certain hair color, and act a certain way in some situations (we are vague already here)...
Maybe redheaded women get angry in your view or limited experience, and brunettes are patient and thoughtful.
If you used two others - such as blondes and dark hair as two more points on a compass to round out all color varieties of human hair, you'd have quite a nice spectrum of the "phenomenology of human hair color."
Remember, "phenomenology means - what you see is what you get." Direct observation of characteristics you see and sample with your own senses and measurement apparatus...
Now then...
If you say that redheads have angry personalities, black haired women have patient, independent personalities, brunettes/light brown have devoted personalities, and blondes have creative, fun personalities, you'd go about your informal social engagements noticing that yes, in some cases, individual women may fit some of these vague, general molds.
However, you would start to fall into a trap and a trick of the mind of sorts


Layer processing
Layer processing
Layers, slaughtered as "spent hens"
The so-called "spent hens" are processed in special processing plants. Typical for these birds is a matured skeleton (little cartilage), which is very weak because the egg production caused a lack of calcium (Osteoporose), and because they (especially the battery-birds) had little physical exercise. Before and during processing, many bones are therefore broken. Also typical is the pronounced keel bone.
The meat of spent hens is generally used for consumption as whole birds, or parts with breast meat going into added value products while the rest of the bird is exported to third countries. Alternatively, the meat is used for soup production, and combs can be harvested for medical and pharmaceutical purposes. The mature eggs are harvested during the evisceration process and further processed into products such as mayonnaise.
poultry processing
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text:
If you have not yet read the radiation
primer, you are invited to do so.
David Groves, PhD, has
shown that the x-ray environment of space would quickly render any
photographs unusable. [Bennett and Percy, Dark Moon,
Dr. Groves' study contains a number of serious errors.
Although Dr. Groves gives figures for the x-ray dosage to which he
submitted his test films, he does not in any way show that this is the
expected amount of x-ray energy that exists anywhere in cislunar space
or on the lunar surface. This key omission makes Dr. Groves' study of
Dr. Groves used a Bronica ETRSi 120 roll film camera in his tests.
He does not explain why he did not use a Hasselblad EL/500 or EL/700
camera, the type of camera supplied to NASA for use in the Apollo
missions. It is still manufactured by Hasselblad and suitable period
examples of which can be obtained easily from second-hand dealers.
Use of a dissimilar camera limits the extent to which Dr. Groves'
results can be applied to Apollo photographs.
Further, Hasselblad claims they added additional protection to the
film magazines. Dr. Groves does not document any similar changes he
may have made to the film magazine of his test camera. Nor does he
comment upon the possible effect of any of those modifications.
Dr. Groves' inattention to the specifics of the Apollo camera design
questions his ability to accurately simulate the effects of x-rays on
Dr. Groves first took pictures of a standard color chart, then
bombarded that film with x-rays. Then he used standard procedures to
develop the film and observe the results. He found that the images
were significantly fogged in some cases, and completely obliterated in
more extreme cases.
He provided absolutely no shielding around the film during its
exposure to the x-rays. It is unclear whether he left the film inside
its magazine as the Apollo astronauts would have done. Since the
Hasselblad magazines were modified to provide thicker material for the
casing, and the film was kept in the magazines during the entire
mission, it is not clear whether Dr. Groves' procedure constitutes an
What is clear, however, is that Dr. Groves exposed the film to
x-rays thousands of times more intense than what occurs in space. He
used a linear accelerator to bombard the film with an 8 MeV (million
electron-volts) beam of x-rays. X-ray astronomers say the x-rays from
celestial sources radiate at energy levels of less than 5 keV
(thousand electron-volts). The measurement of x-ray energy is similar
to the rating of light bulbs by wattage. The difference between five
thousand electron volts -- ambient x-rays in space -- and eight
million electron-volts -- Dr. Groves' experiment -- is obviously
very large. This factor alone invalidates Dr. Groves' study as an
accurate depiction of the ambient x-ray conditions in space.
Energy level is quite important. Not only do more energetic
x-rays fog film to a greater extent, they also penetrate various
substances to a greater extent. This makes the question of shielding
very acute. 3 keV x-rays, for example, will not even penetrate air
for more than a dozen centimeters.
Dr. Groves exposed his film to x-rays more than a thousand
times more energetic than occur in space.
The experiment subjected the film to three levels of exposure, all
at the absurdly intense 8 MeV energy level. The levels are given in
the study as "25 rem", "50 rem" and "100 rem". Those who have read
the primer and studied the nomenclature
of radiation will immediately realize that this is the wrong unit.
"Rem" applies only to absorbed radiation in human tissue. It
is completely inapplicable to radiation absorbed by photographic
film. The appropriate unit of measure for this study would be either
"rads" or "Grays". It so happens that for x-rays 1 rad is equivalent
to 1 rem, but Dr. Groves' apparent misunderstanding of the concepts of
absorbed dose is very much out of place in a study purporting to give
an expert opinion on radiation exposure.
If we graciously correct Dr. Groves' error of nomenclature and
assume he means exposures in rads, we are still faced with two further
questions. First, how was absorbed dose computed? It is notoriously
difficult to measure the amount of radiation actually absorbed by any
Second, the 25-100 rads to which Dr. Groves exposed the films is
quite excessive. It would take nearly six years in a
spacecraft in cislunar space -- barring any serious solar events -- to
absorb 25 rads of dosage from all sources combined, not just from
Dr. Groves' study contains far too many egregious errors to be
considered predictive in any way of the behavior of Ektachrome film
under the conditions experienced during Apollo space flights. He has
employed levels of radiation far in excess of what can be defensibly
claimed for ambient x-ray radiation in cislunar space.


text:
District health officials in Satara, Maharashtra, are planning to identify and rename hundreds of little girls saddled with the name Nakushi -- which literally means "Unwanted" -- by their parents, the Indian Express reports.
The idea is to drive home the message that despite the remaining social evils of dowry, bride-burning and discrimination, daughters are just as valuable as sons and deserve the same love and attention, the paper said.
In 1990, Amartya Sen famously wrote of the 100 million missing women, especially in Asia, and of how these numbers "tell us, quietly, a terrible story of inequality and neglect leading to excess mortality of women". Twenty years on, much has changed — but an incident like this is a reminder of much that has stubbornly lingered. Apart from the extreme practices of foeticide and infanticide, girl children are more subtly discriminated against with parental bias, lack of nurturing and nutrition, unfair resource allocation and cultural hostility. If they are sent to school, they tend to be taken out sooner, their work (often domestic and unskilled) is rendered invisible and thankless, they are sent away from the family after their weddings (the cost of which is held against them), until they often internalise a sense of being worthless, and perpetuate the same practices. We don't even have to go to demographers to understand the gender deficit — the explicit preference for sons and devaluing of daughters are obvious from personal narratives all around us.
That means more than legislation to prevent sex-selective abortions. It means innovative awareness programs like Satara's renaming drive, and schemes to give bicycles to girls who attend school, the Express argues.


When a Resource has proposed an alternate date for a task and you want to reject this date and assign the task to a different Resource.
Step-by-step guide
 1. Go to the Task Details page
 2. Click on the drop down arrow next to the 'Accept Date' button
 3. Click 'Reject Date'
 4. In the popup window click 'Reject' button
 The task will now be split into 2 tasks.
 1. The Resource that was originally allocated the task will be sent an email notification that the proposed alternate date was rejected and the task will be at status 'Rejected' in the rejected task list for the Resource.
 2. The original task will be set back to status 'Unplanned' and move to the Future task list with the Resource field now blank.
 To assign this task to another resource use Reassign a Task after rejecting the alternate date proposed.


text:
Conventional methods for specifying data center density don't provide the guidance to assure predictable power and cooling performance for the latest IT equipment. Discover an improved method that can help assure compatibility with anticipated high-density loads, provide unambiguous instruction for design and installation of power and cooling equipment, prevent oversizing, and maximize electrical efficiency.
the room. It is decided that rows 1, 2, and 3 will be deployed immediately and rows 4, 5, 6, and 7 will be deployed at a later date. A review of the current planned deployment allows some assignment of like-powered equipment to rows to reduce the peak to average ratio of the rows, and locates the blade servers together as required in row 2. The row-level specification of rows 1, 2, and 3 is entered into Table 4. Table 4'Row density data for proposed data center Data Units Row 1 Row 2 Row 3 Row 4 Row 5


text:
In an auditory interpretation study, Frazier and Clifton (1998; F&C) tested sluices with two indefinite possible antecedents:
With the embedded object (someone) accented, object responses (who was hiding) reached 69%, while accenting the matrix subject (tourist) produced 46% object responses. Accent position significantly affected interpretation, presumably by helping focus the accented element, but object responses remained even with subject accent. This object bias was traced to focus more indirectly, through perceivers' general tendency (in English) to assign focus clause-finally. However, these results could also result from a preference specifically for object antecedents, or for antecedents not separated from the sluice by additional clause boundaries. Additionally, this work explored focus only in indefinite sluices, though other types exist (Romero 1997, Merchant 2001).
An auditory questionnaire addressed alternative explanations using sluices with two VP-internal indefinites:
Two further experiments extended this work to the processing of contrast sluices (with 'else' indicating contrast with a definite antecedent, instead of an indefinite) as in (3):
In a written questionnaire, sentences like (3) received 86% object responses, showing that the preference for a clause-final antecedent holds for contrast sluices. In an auditory questionnaire, object responses fell to 42% with the subject (Alice) accented, vs. 88% with the object (Bill) accented (p's.001). With the verb or both arguments accented, object responses were at 76% (each differed from the subject/object accent conditions, p's.05). These results show that exclusive accent on only one argument is needed to raise focus assignments to that argument, not just the presence of an accent. Finally, despite strong accent effects, an overall bias towards the lower antecedent remains, showing that the position of default focus is important in all sluices tested. The implications of these results for ellipsis processing and the relation between accent and focus will be discussed.


text:
By Regine Schulz and Matthias Seidel
Contributions by Betsy Brian and Christianne Henry
This beautifully illustrated book surveys more than seventy works, ranging from the early Dynastic period to the Greco-Roman period, from the Egyptian collection of the Walters Art Museum. An introduction essay traces the development of the collection—one of the most important in the United States—and section introductions provide an overview of political, religious, and cultural developments during each of the major periods of Egyptian history. Individual object descriptions describe how these works were made and used.
About the Authors
Betsy Bryan is the Alexander Badawy Professor of Egyptian Art and Archeology at the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore. Her special interest is in art of the New Kingdom, and she leads a team excavating the Precinct of Mut complex at Luxor.
Christianne Henry received her M.A. from the Johns Hopkins University. She is a doctoral candidate in Egyptology at the Institute for Egyptology at the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, and a member of the curatorial division of the Walters Art Museum.
Regine Schulz is the Curatorial Consultant of Egyptian and Ancient Near Eastern Art for the Walters Art Museum. A specialist in Egyptian art and religion, she is professor of Egyptology at the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, and is the former chair of the International Committee for Egyptology (CIPEG) of the International Council of Museums (ICOM).
Matthias Seidel received his Ph.D. in Egyptology from the University of Munich, and specializes in the art and archeology of Egypt and the ancient Near East. He is an independent researcher and adviser in both fields, having worked at several museums and universities.
11"h x 8.5"w


Re-FORM is a thermoplastic resin that allows parts to be held or stiffened, or to protect them against clamping. By heating it to over 60°C, it becomes transparent, molded and malleable. You can therefore model it by hand to make it a shape that can be adapted to your needs. Once dry, it becomes extremely rigid, which allows it to protect or reinforce a part. Why use a thermoplastic resin? Thermoplastic resins are extremely hard and resistant materials in their solid state, but can be shaped manually when they reach a certain temperature. They can be very practical during the different machining processes and that's why they are used! The Re-FORM, is a product from the Plastiform range specially dedicated to the protection or reinforcement of parts. During machining, most fragile or small parts are subjected to vibrations or embrittlement. Thermoplastic resins make it easy to solve this problem. When the Re-FORM is placed inside a hollow part or as an external reinforcement of a fragile part, it makes it more resistant to the machining operations you will have to perform.
The Re-FORM Liquid Flexible 0 0% +/- min +/- min +/- µm Non Non
How to use the Re-FORM?
Re-FORM is used like all thermoplastic resins, which mean, from a certain temperature (60°C) it becomes moulded and malleable. Then you can shape it as you wish to apply it to your part. Once malleable, you can handle the resin by hand.
Here are the steps to follow to properly use Plastiform thermoplastic resin:
 - Immerse a sufficient mass of Re-Form in a bowl of water between 65°C and 80°C.
 - Using a stick, start mixing the Re-Form to make sure it is completely malleable.
 - Remove it from the water and shape it according to your needs.
 - Position the product on your application area and let it dry.
Be careful not to use this product on machining operations that produce a high temperature, this could soften the Re-FORM and make it malleable again.
When you have finished machining your part, immerse it in an environment at 60°C to release it from the rigidity of the resin and then put the resin back in its bag (do not throw it away!).
The Re-FORM is a recyclable product, put it back in its bag and you can reuse it later, even if it has been damaged during machining.
re-form en pot
hot reform plastiform
Conditioning :
The Re-Form is available individually in 500gr or 1kg packs. It is also present inside plastiform cases.
Références :
DP-002 : 500 grams Pot
DP-004 : 2 kg Pot
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AAAI Publications, First AAAI Conference on Human Computation and Crowdsourcing
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Transcribing and Annotating Speech Corpora for Speech Recognition: A Three-Step Crowdsourcing Approach with Quality Control
Annika Hämäläinen, Fernando Pinto Moreira, Jairo Avelar, Daniela Braga, Miguel Sales Dias
Last modified: 2013-11-03
Large speech corpora with word-level transcriptions annotated for noises and disfluent speech are necessary for training automatic speech recognisers. Crowdsourcing is a lower-cost, faster-turnaround, highly scalable alternative for expert transcription and annotation. In this paper, we showcase our three-step crowdsourcing approach motivated by the importance of accurate transcriptions and annotations.
automatic speech recognition, speech corpora, transcription, annotation, crowdsourcing
Full Text: PDF


text:
Is It Safe To Eat Kiwi During Pregnancy?
Nutritious fruits like kiwi are believed to be beneficial for both the mother & child during pregnancy. It contains vitamins and minerals necessary for proper growth of the fetus. But are they completely safe during pregnancy? not quite for kiwi may be allergic for some of the expectant moms and such factors should be taken into consideration before eating these nutrient-dense fruits for sure. To know more about the facts behind the role of kiwi during pregnancy, scroll down this blog.
Health Benefits Of Eating Kiwi In Pregnancy:
- Kiwi fruit contains all the vitamin C and E which is required during pregnancy for the optimal development and growth of the fetus.
- Omega-3 essential fatty acids in kiwi aids in proper brain development in the new-borns.
- It also contains potassium which helps in balancing blood pressure levels during pregnancy.
- Flavonoids in kiwi protect the body from cell damage by free radicals. That in turn protects your baby from DNA damage.
- Kiwi fruits contain folate acid which is important in alleviating neural tube defects in the new-borns.
- It also helps the absorption of iron which prevents anemia in you and your baby.
- Magnesium in kiwi strengthens the bones and copper assist brain development and strengthens the immune system in moms-to-be.
- Kiwi strengthens metabolism and improves nerve function in pregnant women.
- Studies show that kiwi has a positive effect on the respiratory system in you and your baby.
- Kiwi also has the benefit of providing fiber which helps in preventing constipation, maintaining blood sugar levels and also aids in weight management during pregnancy.
Risks Associated With Kiwi Consumption When Pregnant:
- Kiwi consumption has caused allergic reactions in some pregnant women, leading to like nausea, vomiting and other allergic symptoms.
So moms-to-be! Enjoy eating these wonder fruits during pregnancy in limited quantities with the consent of your healthcare provider and stay safe while your child grows within your womb.
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