_USER_{NBERw18259, title = "The Anatomy of French Production Hierarchies", author = "Lorenzo Caliendo and Ferdinando Monte and Esteban Rossi-Hansberg", institution = "National Bureau of Economic Research", type = "Working Paper", series = "Working Paper Series", number = "18259", year = "2012", month = "July", doi = {10.3386/w18259}, URL = "_URL_ abstract = {We use a comprehensive dataset of French manufacturing firms to study their internal organization. We first divide the employees of each firm into 'layers' using occupational categories. Layers are hierarchical in that the typical worker in a higher layer earns more, and the typical firm occupies less of them. In addition, the probability of adding (dropping) a layer is very positively (negatively) correlated with value added. We then explore the changes in the wages and number of employees that accompany expansions in layers, output, or markets (by becoming exporters). The empirical results indicate that reorganization, through changes in layers, is key to understand how firms expand and contract. For example, we find that firms that expand substantially add layers and pay lower average wages in all pre-existing layers. In contrast, firms that expand little and do not reorganize pay higher average wages in all pre-existing layers.}, }


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This archipelago of 7,000 islands covers 300,000 km, and is populated by 88.5 million people - but 43 per cent survive on less than $2 per day.
CAFOD started working in the Philippines in 1969, when a typhoon struck the country. Afterwards we began defending human rights at the height of martial law in the 1970s. Much of our work today is on the southern island of Mindanao, where fighting between Islamic separatists and Philippine forces is common. Conflicts over land are underscored by religious tensions between Catholics and Muslims.
Around 12 million people belong to indigenous groups, with the indigenous population highest on the southern island of Mindanao.
Located on what geologists call the Pacific "rim of fire", the Philippines has the third largest global gold deposits and the fourth largest of copper, plus substantial deposits of nickel, chromite, iron, lead and zinc.
Our work in the Philippines includes:
- defending human rights
- disaster relief
- training for farmers
- peace building amongst divided communities.
Rock Rock Antequisa, who works alongside our partners, has seen first hand how religious tensions can divide communities, and how important it is that people understand their neighbour's culture in order to build peace.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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When we say "chocolate milk," it brings images of our childhood. After all, it's quite common for children to enjoy such a sweet and comforting drink. But did you know that chocolate milk is a much better and more effective post-workout drink than Gatorade, Powerade, or those protein shakes?
Yup, you heard that one right. Our childhood favorite chocolate milk has been found to be a more suitable drink for those who want a great "pick me up" after doing some intense physical activities. Aside from that, chocolate milk is also considerably less expensive and more nutritionally sound than the popular energy drinks being sold these days.
There are a number of reasons why chocolate milk is considered an excellent post-workout drink. Let's take a look at some of them.
- High carbohydrate and protein content
Chocolate milk has twice the carbohydrate and protein content of most sports drinks. This quality makes it more effective at replenishing and soothing tired muscles.
- High water content
Thanks to its high water content, it's also good for preventing dehydration. It effectively replaces the body fluids we lost as sweat while working out.
- Rich in nutrients
Chocolate milk also contains nutrients that help ensure your health and well-being. It contains calcium, as well as small amounts of sodium and sugar. These additives help athletes regain energy and retain water in their body.
- Helps with recovery
About 8 to 12 ounces of chocolate milk is enough to help your body recover from strenuous physical activities.
With its unique qualities, chocolate milk is ideal for:
- Cyclists, swimmers, and long-distance runners.
- Athletes involved in sports that require high endurance and constant sustained movement.
- Competing athletes that require high levels of calories, carbohydrates, and protein.
- Fitness enthusiasts who spend at least 90 minutes exercising.
If you're looking for a less expensive post-workout drink, make sure you give chocolate milk a shot. Not only is it tasty, it can help you quickly recover your energy, too. Just make sure to consult your nutritionist or dietitian and pair your daily health regimen a balanced diet to get good results.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Paraphernalia Crimes
September 12, 2012
In Texas, possession of drug paraphernalia is a separate criminal charge under the law.
What is defined as illegal drug paraphernalia?
Any item that can be used as a drug processing, packaging, or consumption mechanism can be defined as paraphernalia under 481.002 (17) of the Texas Controlled Substances Act. Even common household items such as scales, spoons, bowls, envelopes or bags can land you an illegal possession of paraphernalia charge. The most common paraphernalia charges result from pipes, and bongs.
What is the Penalty for Possession of Drug Paraphernalia in Texas? Simple possession of drug paraphernalia is a Class C Misdemeanor, which carries a penalty of fines up to $500. Distribution or possession with intent to distribute or sell drug paraphernalia is a Class A misdemeanor, which can result in up to a year in jail. Second offense penalties will result in mandatory jail time, or if you sell to someone under 18 years old.


Lattix Architecture Analysis for Java provides an architecture solution that helps software development teams understand, define (refactor) and control their codebases. It is the most comprehensive solution for analyzing the architecture of your Java applications allowing you to create a Dependency Structure Matrix from your jar, ear, war, apk, aar files, and java classes to understand the interrelationships (dependencies) between them at any level (jars, packages, classes, interfaces, methods, data members, etc.) Understanding the dependencies allows you to create a clean architecture. A clean architecture has a modular hierarchy and is enforced with automatic design rule violations. The benefits are lower code complexity, faster time-to-market, lower cost, and fewer defects.
This example is the Dependency Structure Matrix of Ant, the popular Java build tool:
Java Architecture Analysis using Dependency Structure Matrix
Lattix Architecture Analysis for Java has the following features:
 - Manage code complexity
 - Identify cyclic and other potentially bad dependencies that should be fixed to reduce technical debt
 - Discover and visualize architecture
 - Understand the currently existing structure and discover all dependencies and relationships between software modules
 - Define and enforce intended architecture
 - Define your architecture and enforce it as it evolves over time. Gain insight into when architectural flaws are introduced into your codebase
 - Identify dependencies between jars
 - Explore dependencies at the level of methods and class members, including support for Java Constants
 - Kinds of dependencies supported include: class and data member references invokes, inherits, and constructs
 - The Java Source Code Analyzer for Constants parses java source code to generate the dependencies between Java classes that are based on constants
Here is a video on how to create a Java project in Lattix:
Learn how LL Bean reduced the size of their Java codebase by 10% while dramatically improving the understanding and maintainability of their application.
In addition to full support for Java, Lattix also includes support for Hibernate and Spring Frameworks as well as a plugin for Eclipse.


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For today's prompt, write a metaphor poem. That is, write a poem built around a metaphor. Remember: Metaphors actually take on another object (like "I am a Tree" or "I am a Rock"). This is not to be confused with similes, which are like metaphors (for instance, "I am like a tree" or "I am like a rock"), but not quite. Dig? If so, then you are a shovel or spade or bulldozer. Now poem the heck out of metaphors today.
Re-create Your Poetry!
Revision doesn't have to be a chore–something that should be done after the excitement of composing the first draft. Rather, it's an extension of the creation process!
In the 48-minute tutorial video Re-creating Poetry: How to Revise Poems, poets will be inspired with several ways to re-create their poems with the help of seven revision filters that they can turn to again and again.
Here's my attempt at a Metaphor Poem:
"i am a bell"
i am a bell ready to ring
with just a touch for you i'll sing
throughout the day into the night
ringing for you with all my might
but when you leave me on a shelf
i collect dust all by myself
so tie me to a piece of thread
& i'll ring wherever i'm led
Robert Lee Brewer is Senior Content Editor of the Writer's Digest Writing Community and author of Solving the World's Problems (Press 53). He is a bell.
Follow him on Twitter _USER_.


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Over deze norm
1.1 This test method is used to develop test data from which the susceptibility of polyolefin geomembrane sheet material to stress cracking under a constant tensile load condition and an accelerated environmental condition can be evaluated.
1.2 This test method measures the failure time associated with a given test specimen at a specified tensile load level. Results from a series of such tests utilizing a range of load levels can be used to construct a stress-time plot on a log-log axis.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
|Nederlandse titel||Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Stress Crack Resistance of Polyolefin Geomembranes Using Notched Constant Tensile Load Test|
|Engelse titel||Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Stress Crack Resistance of Polyolefin Geomembranes Using Notched Constant Tensile Load Test|


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PALM FUN BOOKMARK
Inspire and reward students with these colorful Palm Paradise Bookmarks. They are perfect to hand out to students for their achievements in reading programs, for read-a-thon events, and for student birthdays. Students will love using this bookmark when they are reading their book at home or in class.
Two bookmark designs included:
- Design 1: "Reading can take you anywhere" (featuring green leaves)
- Design 2: "Be a flamingo in a flock of pigeons" (featuring a pink flamingo)
30 bookmarks per package
15 each of 2 designs
Bookmark measures 2½" x 7"


Needed: 5% Participation to Overthrow Crony Capitalism
Kerrigon, David
Publisher: Dissident Voice
Date Written: 18/11/2013
Year Published: 2013
Resource Type: Article
Cx Number: CX15321
Erica Chenoweth, author of Why Civil Resistance Works: The Strategic Logic of Nonviolent Conflict, explains how to overthrow U.S. crony capitalism: "In raw numbers, movements generally achieve systematic change (i.e., in the +80% likelihood category) when they mobilize over 5 percent of the population. The Iranian Revolution, among the largest popular uprisings, achieved about 10 percent mobilization. In the US with 311 million people, this would mean between 15.5 million and 31.1 million people."
Subject Headings
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Background: Affective disorders present an important clinical challenge in multiple sclerosis (MS). Due to prohibitive sample size requirements, population-based studies have not yet provided an adequate description of the underlying epidemiology of this association.
Objective: To describe the epidemiology of affective disorders in MS in a general population sample.
Methods: The study presented here accessed administrative data from a universal healthcare insurance plan in the Canadian province of Alberta. Physician billing data recorded in the Alberta Health Care Insurance Plan was used to identify members of the population ≥15 years of age with and without MS. Crude and stratified estimates of the association between affective disorders and MS were made. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate statistical interactions and to provide adjusted estimates of the association.
Results: The estimated prevalence of MS in the population within the targeted age range (2.3 million individuals) was 386/100,000 and that of affective disorders was 7.7%. As expected, an association between MS and affective disorders was identified (crude relative prevalence: 2.2). The association varied in strength over age-sex categories. Although the prevalence of affective disorder was higher in women with MS than men with MS, the association of MS with affective disorders was stronger in men. The strength of association declined with age in both men and women. Affective disorder prevalence in people with MS becomes similar to that of the general population in older age groups.
Conclusion: Affective disorders occur with an increased frequency in MS. This is true in men and women and across all relevant age groups, although the association gets weaker with advancing age. Higher frequencies of affective disorder occur in women with MS than in men with MS. The frequency of affective disorder in people with MS is highest in the 25–44 age group, and declines in older age categories.


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The Golden Helmet of De Peel: Fact and Fiction
14 January until 4 December 2011
Part of the Archaeology of the Netherlands department will be reserved for temporary exhibitions about subjects in Dutch archaeology. This exhibition about the Golden Helmet of De Peel was the first in the series.
Spectacular find in the marshlands
One hundred years ago, the peat-cutter Gebbel Smolenaars made a spectacular find in the marshlands of De Peel. On 15 June 1910, while digging for peat, he found something very different: a silver-gilt helmet from the Roman period. He also discovered a fibula (brooch), a spur, harness bells, and Roman coins. The helmet was polished and put on display at Smolenaars's cottage, where visitors paid ten cents for a chance to admire the treasure. It was later sold to the National Museum of Antiquities.
Fact and fiction: Tales of the Roman helmet
This small-scale exhibition explores not only the Roman helmet itself, but also the stories told about it over the past 100 years. How did a soldier's golden helmet end up in the marsh? Who was the mysterious knight of De Peel? And did the peat-cutters find the entire hoard of treasure? Over the past hundred years all these questions have received many different answers, some based on the facts and some on fiction. The helmet has stirred many people's imaginations. It was a magnificent find, one of the leading twentieth-century archaeological discoveries in the Netherlands.


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Using Data to Increase Revenue and Improve Operational Efficiency
Sport Business Analytics Using Data to Increase Revenue and Improve Operational Efficiency. Recommendation for Tableau Analytics and Visualization
Developing and implementing a systematic analytics strategy can result in a sustainable competitive advantage within the sport business industry. This timely and relevant book provides practical strategies to collect data and then convert that data into meaningful, value-added information and actionable insights. Its primary objective is to help sport business organizations utilize data-driven decision-making to generate optimal revenue from such areas as ticket sales and corporate partnerships. To that end, the book includes in-depth case studies from such leading sports organizations as the Orlando Magic, Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Duke University, and the Aspire Group.
The core purpose of sport business analytics is to convert raw data into information that enables sport business professionals to make strategic business decisions that result in improved company financial performance and a measurable and sustainable competitive advantage. Readers will learn about the role of big data and analytics in:
Season ticket member retention
Customer relationship management
This book examines changes in the ticketing marketplace and spotlights innovative ticketing strategies used in various sport organizations. It shows how to engage fans with social media and digital analytics, presents techniques to analyze engagement and marketing strategies, and explains how to utilize analytics to leverage fan engagement to enhance revenue for sport organizations.
Filled with insightful case studies, this book benefits both sports business professionals and students. The concluding chapter on teaching sport analytics further enhances its value to academics.


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Definitions of influence:
- noun: causing something without any direct or apparent effort
- noun: a power to affect persons or events especially power based on prestige etc
Example: "Used her parents' influence to get the job"
- noun: a cognitive factor that tends to have an effect on what you do
Example: "Her wishes had a great influence on his thinking"
- noun: one having power to influence another
Example: "She was the most important influence in my life"
- noun: the effect of one thing (or person) on another
Example: "The influence of mechanical action"
- verb: have and exert influence or effect
Example: "The artist's work influenced the young painter"
- verb: induce into action by using one's charm
- verb: shape or influence; give direction to
Search for influence at other dictionaries: OneLook, Answers.com, Merriam-Webster
"Works flawlessly!": RhymeZone apps for iPhone/iPad and Android!
Help, Feedback, Customize, Android app, iPhone/iPad app
Copyright © 2013 Datamuse


Kamus Online
suggested words
Hasil cari dari kata atau frase: Frank (0.01318 detik)
Found 3 items, similar to Frank.
English → Indonesian (quick) Definition: frank terus-terang
English → English (WordNet) Definition: Frank Frank n 1: a member of the ancient Germanic peoples who spread from the Rhine into the Roman Empire in the 4th century 2: a smooth-textured sausage of minced beef or pork usually smoked; often served on a bread roll [syn: frankfurter, hotdog, hot dog, dog, wiener, wienerwurst, weenie]
English → English (gcide) Definition: Frank Frank \Frank\, n. [OF. franc.] A pigsty. [Obs.] [1913 Webster] Frank \Frank\, n. [See Frank, a.] The privilege of sending letters or other mail matter, free of postage, or without charge; also, the sign, mark, or signature denoting that a letter or other mail matter is to go free of postage. Called also the franking privilege. [1913 Webster +PJC] I have said so much, that, if I had not a frank, I must burn my letter and begin again. --Cowper. [1913 Webster] Frank \Frank\, v. t. To shut up in a frank or sty; to pen up; hence, to cram; to fatten. [Obs.] --Shak. [1913 Webster] Frank \Frank\, n. (Zo["o]l.) The common heron; -- so called from its note. [Prov. Eng.] [1913 Webster] Frank \Frank\, n. [Cf. F. franc. See Frank, a.] 1. (Ethnol.) A member of one of the German tribes that in the fifth century overran and conquered Gaul, and established the kingdom of France. [1913 Webster] 2. A native or inhabitant of Western Europe; a European; -- a term used in the Levant. [1913 Webster] 3. A French coin. See Franc. [1913 Webster]
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One of my students' favorite activities are the anticipation guides we complete prior to reading a story. I love them because they encourage the use of pre-reading and during reading strategies. These guides are aligned with our school's Harcourt Trophies First Grade basal stories. Anticipation guides can be completed whole-group, small group, or for use in independent literature circles. Students learn how to make predictions, read for details, and then confirm answers. I notice such a great increase in student engagement as my students excitedly read to see if their predictions were true! I have created anticipation guides for Harcourt Trophies First Grade basal stories in books 1-4 through 1-5. You can purchase these on my TpT page.
|Before Reading: Making Predictions|


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Deer tend to avoid some plants and relish others. While no plant can be guaranteed to be "deer-proof," some types of plants are less tasty to a deer. Try planting the following kinds of plants which are less attractive to deer.
Tree suggestions include white fir, Colorado spruce, pinyon pine, common juniper, Rocky Mountain maple, hackberry and honeylocust.
Shrub possibilities are lead plant, potentilla, Austrian copper rose, quince, 'Blue Mist' spirea, winged euonymus, golden currant, lilacs, Oregon grape holly and pyracantha.
Ground covers to be tried are creeping mahonia, English ivy, thyme and snow-in-summer. Perennial flowers that may be of use are purple coneflower, peony, blazing star, Shasta daisy, Mexican hat coneflower, lily-of-the-valley and Russian sage. Deer-resistant herbs include marjoram and lavender.
Native plants growing in their native habitats may be less appealing to deer than highly fertilized and highly watered garden plants. Any plant may be attractive to some individual deer or deer in some seasons. More extensive lists may be obtained from some municipalities or local Colorado State University Extension county offices.
For more information, see the following Colorado State Extension fact sheet(s).
Do you have a question? Try Ask an Expert!
Updated Friday, April 19, 2013


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Sci. STKE, 29 February 2000
Differentiation Defining the Boundary
The Drosophila wing precursor is divided into two non-intermingling groups of cells, the Anterior (A) compartment and the Posterior (P) compartment. Dahmann and Basler addressed the issue of how the boundary between the A and P compartment is established. The P cells express Hedgehog (Hh) and Engrailed (En); the A cells express the Hh receptor, Smo, which, upon Hh stimulation, converts the transcription factor Cubitus interruptus (Ci) from the repressor to the activator form. Transgenic cells, in which the Hh signaling pathway or the En pathway was altered, were introduced into fly larvae, and the wing precursors from such flies were analyzed to identify the positions (A or P) of the mutant cells and the amount of intermingling with the neighboring cells. Segregation into the A or P compartments was dependent on the balance between the activator form of Ci and the repressor form. Without Ci, the cells segregated away from both the A and P cells and assumed a position that straddled the A/P boundary. The authors also propose that the boundary may be defined by the abundance of the adhesion molecule DE-cadherin because cells engineered to overexpress DE-cadherin segregated away from neighboring cells in both the A and P compartments.
Dahmann, C. and Basler, K. (2000) Opposing transcriptional outputs of Hedghog signaling and Engrailed control compartmental cell sorting at the Drosophila A/P boundary. Cell 100: 411-422. [Online Journal]
Citation: Defining the Boundary. Sci. STKE 2000, tw2 (2000).
The editors suggest the following Related Resources on Science sites:
In Science Signaling
Science Signaling. ISSN _PHONE_ (online), _PHONE_ (print). Pre-2008: Science's STKE. ISSN _PHONE_


Перевозка стройматериалов
Transportation of building materials in Ukraine
Specificity of transportation of building material
The construction of any object is a difficult and interesting task. In its implementation, various types of building materials are used: gravel, boards, pipes, metal structures, soil, lime, cement, sand, farms, etc. Each kind of building material has its own specifics of transportation, and should be delivered as quickly as possible and without damage to the object.
Often, for transportation of building material, these types of transport:
 1. Dumpers
 2. Rolling stock, mainly for oversized transport, namely, metal structures, beams, trusses, etc.
 3. Cement carriers
Cargo transportation of cement is one of the most extensive works in the transportation of building materials. At the same time, it is necessary to understand the specifics of the transportation of such expensive construction material, which, if not correctly transported, can lose part of the cargo due to spraying. It is also necessary to take into account the detrimental effect of moisture on cement, any interaction with water should be excluded. When transporting cement dust, it can also adversely affect the health of the driver, so you need to ensure the integrity and insulation of the packaging. Implementation of cement loading is carried out with the help of vacuum in the center of the cement carrier or bunker. Unloading is performed using a pneumatic method and a screw.
Transportation of construction cargo in bulk is performed using a dumper. It is carried out by forklift, belt conveyors, excavator. This kind of cargo transportation is used during excavation operations, as well as stripping works.
It has an interesting specificity of transporting liquid concrete. First, the transportation of concrete is limited in terms of time, because concrete has the property to harden because of the breakdown into component parts. In winter, it can freeze, so care must be taken to maintain certain climatic conditions of the container. An obligatory condition is the sealing of the body, containers, in order not to lose part of the material during loading. A transport agent for transportation is a concrete carrier with a stirrer drum.
Brick and its derivatives, transported on pallets or in a container way.
Logistic company "Rona" and transportation of building materials in Ukraine.
The company "Rona", takes into account all the features of logistics of cargo transportation of building material in Ukraine, ensures delivery on time, without losses, with minimal transportation costs. We work for all 24 regions of Ukraine.
Choosing transportation of building materials with the company "Rona" you will ensure a reliable delivery of cargo, which allows you to minimize the time of delivery of your facility.


Prepare Stormwater Ponds
Many Homeowner Associations have a storm-water device that captures runoff from roads and homes.
 1. Make sure all inlets and outlets, which control flow moving into the pond and flow moving out, are clear of vegetation, sentiment or debris that could block flow into and out of the pond.
 2. Ensure that storm drains and ditches around neighborhoods are clear to allow water to flow smoothly to the stormwater pond designed to receive it. Especially if your neighborhood is not maintained by the Town of Kernersville. The Town has a helpful tool to find out who maintains your road within the Town limits (
 3. Be proactive and bag any yard waste and debris around your property to prevent debris from being carried by the storm water directly down the storm drain.
For more tips visit our Preparing Stormwater Ponds for a Large Storm page.


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Magnetic Field Lines Visualized
March 24, 2014
Many people may not be aware that scientists produce graphical representations of the Sun's magnetic field lines everyday in all of the AIA extreme ultraviolet images as well as for the HMI magnetogram image (lower right). They indicate how these field lines emerge, reach high above the Sun and connect the two magnetic poles of active regions (which appear brighter in the extreme UV images and black and white in the magnetogram image) and with other active regions as well. These images are identified as PFSS (Potential Field Source Surface) in a range of sizes under the images presented on The Sun Now section of the SDO home page. Viewers do not automatically see them unless they click on those links. We assembled a collage of four of these images to showcase what they look like. We invite you to go ahead and explore them! Credit: Solar Dynamics Observatory/NASA.
Topics: Technology Internet, Solar telescopes, Electromagnetism, Physics, light sources, Magnetogram, Solar Dynamics Observatory, Magnetic field, Sun, Spaceflight, Space plasmas, Plasma physics


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Source Newsroom: Universite de Montreal
Newswise — Families with a child completing elementary school this year are now preparing their registration for high school, a transition that is often stressful for children. A new program has demonstrated that it is possible to significantly reduce stress in some of these children thanks to a new educational tool designed under the leadership of Sonia Lupien, Director of the Centre for Studies on Human Stress (CSHS) and professor at the University of Montreal.
A study published in February in Neuroscience confirms the benefits of the DeStress for Success Program among youth completing their first year of high school. "In 2000, our team showed that during the transition from elementary to secondary school, many young people produce high levels of stress hormones. Following this discovery, we wanted to test whether an educational program based on our current knowledge of stress would decrease the level of stress hormones and depressive symptoms in teenagers and help facilitate this transition," said Sonia Lupien, lead author of the study.
The DeStress for Success Program was presented to 504 students aged 11 to 13 years from two private schools in the Montreal area. Students from one school were exposed to the program, while those of the other school served as the control group. Before starting the project, cortisol levels (the stress hormone) in saliva and depressive symptoms were measured to determine whether adolescents beginning secondary school with specific depressive symptoms responded differently to the program. Markers were also measured during and after the program as well as three months following participation in the project to validate whether improvement was maintained.
The study showed that adolescents starting secondary school with high levels of anger had, through the program, significantly lowered levels of stress hormones. These adolescents were in fact 2.45 times less likely to suffer from depression compared to the other adolescents. "This study provides the first evidence that a stress education program is effective in reducing stress hormone levels and depressive symptoms among adolescents making the transition to high school," says Pierrich Plusquellec, co-author of the study. The program also helped identify a certain profile of adolescent responding more to the educational tool.
More than a hundred professionals from all regions of Québec have been trained in the DeStress for Success Program. In addition, the program has been adapted to the clientele of the Centre Jeunesse de Montréal – Institut Universitaire. This adaptation has recently won a prestigious award from the Child Welfare League of Canada.
The study is published in the journal Neuroscience under the title The DeStress for Success Program: Effects of a stress education program on cortisol levels and depressive symptomatology in adolescents making the transition to high school: _URL_
Sonia Lupien is Scientific Director of the Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal and professor in the Department of Psychiatry at the Université de Montréal. She is founder and director of the CSHS, and CIHR Research Chair on Mental Health of Men and Women.
Pierrich Plusquellec is co-director of the CSHS affiliated with the Centre de recherche Fernand Seguin of the Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal. He is also Associated Professor at the School of Psychoeducation, Université de Montréal, and FRQ-S Research Fellow in partnership with the Mental Illness Foundation.


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The North Carolina Medical Society (NCMS) began in 1849 when 25 physicians united to advance medical science and to raise the standards for their profession. Today, in our 160th year, we are more than 12,000 strong and champion the same goals and ideals. As the largest physician organization in the state, the North Carolina Medical Society devotes itself to representing the interests of physicians and protecting the quality of patient care.
The mission of the North Carolina Medical Society (NCMS) is to unite, serve, and represent physicians in order to enhance physician advocacy for their patients and improve the health of the people of North Carolina.
North Carolina had many skilled and progressive physicians in the late 18th and early 19th centuries; it also had many untrained and unscrupulous practitioners who claimed the title of "doctor." The lay public often couldn't distinguish one group from the other. Even the physicians who had bonafide medical training recognized a need to improve medical education and promote a scientific approach to healing. It became obvious that all would benefit if physicians found a rallying point.
Attempts to organize the medical profession were made as early as 1790. In 1799, the state legislature approved a special act creating a corporation with the title: The North Carolina Medical Society.
Unfortunately, the original Medical Society languished and disappeared in the early 1800s. But the idea was too valuable to die. The present Society was organized in 1849, and it has held annual scientific sessions each year since then, except for three years of the Civil War and one year during World War II. Twenty-five physicians attended the organizational session in 1849. Today, the Society has more than 11,000 members.
For more of the history behind the NC Medical Society, see 150 Years of Leadership: The History of the North Carolina Medical Society's Pioneering Physician Leaders


Introduction to Designing Repeat Patterns in Illustrator | Elizabeth Olwen | Skillshare
Introduction to Designing Repeat Patterns in Illustrator
Elizabeth Olwen, Surface Pattern Designer
Introduction to Designing Repeat Patterns in Illustrator
Elizabeth Olwen, Surface Pattern Designer
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11 Lessons (52m)
 - 1. Preview
 - 2. Introduction
 - 3. Collect Inspiration
 - 4. Draw and Digitize
 - 5. Design the Pattern Block: Center
 - 6. Design the Pattern Block: Edges
 - 7. Design the Pattern Block: Color
 - 8. Color the Pattern
 - 9. Prepare Final Files
 - 10. Final Touches
 - 11. Explore Design on Skillshare
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About This Class
Want to design a repeat pattern? Join thousands of successful Skillshare students who have learned how to create a seamless repeat pattern illustration with popular surface designer Elizabeth Olwen!
This 50-minute class is broken out into inviting, step-by-step lessons that clearly explain how to transform visual inspiration into a seamless repeat pattern design for use in countless projects. You'll learn how to:
 - Collect theme and motif inspiration
 - Hand-draw and digitize your imagery
 - Design your core pattern block
 - Transform your pattern block into a seamless repeat
 - Add final touches like color and effects
While a basic understanding of Adobe Illustrator is useful, the instructions are clear enough that many students have jumped straight in! Plus, the class includes a number of resources, links, and downloads to support you as you create your own pattern.
This a perfect introductory class for every designer, illustrator, and crafter looking to expand their skills into pattern design. Once you have your pattern, consider using it as digital desktop wallpaper, the base for an iPhone case or printed fabric, or even as inspiration for stationery. The possibilities are endless!
What You'll Learn
 - Introduction. Growing up in a home decked out in 1970s patterns, Elizabeth Olwen learned not to take for granted the surface design that most fail to notice day to day. In her digital art tutorial, you'll first learn what comprises a pattern "collection," starting with the "hero pattern" and then looking at some "secondary" and "blender" prints.
 - Collect inspiration. You'll see what Elizabeth looks to for inspiration. She'll teach you that you can use a variety of materials and media to create a collection of references, and she'll show you how to organize it.
 - Draw and digitize. You'll turn a hand drawing into a digital drawing in this part of the lesson. Following Elizabeth's lead, you'll pick out doodles to include in your pattern, draw them using the brush tool on your iPad, and then import those drawings into Adobe Illustrator.
 - Design the pattern block: center. Elizabeth will take you through some of her own patterns to show you principles like balance, flow, composition, scale, texture, and variety. You'll then apply those principles to your own pattern block in Illustrator, focusing on the center of the block and moving outward.
 - Design the pattern block: edges. There's just one rule when designing the edges of your pattern block. Whatever's on the top has to repeat on the bottom, and whatever's on the left side has to appear on the right. You'll learn how to make this happen in your pattern using Illustrator shortcuts.
 - Design the pattern block: color. When it come to pattern blocks, you don't want to be able to see where one block ends and the other begins once you've put multiple blocks together. In this lesson, you'll learn how to avoid seeing the block in your finished pattern using some expert-level tricks.
 - Color the pattern. While Elizabeth has a signature color palette she tends to use, you might want to explore a variety of colors for your 2D design. You'll learn some techniques for finding color groupings that work together and what it means to pair colors that "vibrate." You'll also learn how to select all of the elements that share the same color in your Illustrator layout.
 - Prepare the final files. You'll learn to prepare your files in such a way that makes them easily usable for yourself and clients. You'll find out how to create merged layers to flatten your work and turn it from strokes into shapes. Using masks, you'll turn your pattern block into an original layer, a merged layer, and a repeat layer, as having all three makes your design easier for potential clients to work with. Next, you'll have to decide where your pattern will go. This may involve creating mockups of your print on certain items, which Elizabeth will suggest you can make using stock images.
 - Final touches. It's almost time to get your drawing online! First, you'll learn to supplement the pattern you've made with a whole collection of corresponding prints, focusing on "blended" prints that serve as glue for separate patterns in your collection.
Want more help with Adobe Illustrator? Check out Brad Woodard's Learn the Ins and Outs of Illustrator!
Want to develop your pattern even further? Check out more classes by Elizabeth Olwen!
Meet Your Teacher
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Elizabeth Olwen
Surface Pattern Designer
Elizabeth Olwen is a Canadian print and pattern designer living in Portugal. She prides herself on creating highly considered patterns and illustrations that are lovingly assembled, piece by piece, into something special. Inspired by the world around her—from the beautiful forests of Ontario, to the pastel colours and tiles of Lisbon, to her cherished and plentiful travels abroad, and her own journey of self exploration toward wholeheartedness—Elizabeth's work is driven by the desire to leave something beautiful behind with every step she takes. You can find her work around the globe, on products from decor to paper to fabric to bedding for clients like Cloud9 Fabrics, Crate + Kids, Tokyu Hands Japan, Mixbook and many more. Follow along with her on Instagram.
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1. Preview: Hi I'm Elizabeth Olwen. I'm from Toronto Canada and I'm a surface pattern designer which basically means I create patterns for a living. I grew up in an apartment that was filled with patterns from the 1970s so everything was just like big bold print, and I had a real imprint on me growing up. So, I'm just super passionate about patterns I have been since as long as I can remember. In my Skillshare class, I'm going to teach you my design process from start to finish so we're going to start out with gathering inspiration, developing a mood board, drying and ultimately designing a repeat pattern in Illustrator. At the end of the class, you're going to end up with a pattern that you can use for any kind of product whether it's for yourself or professionally. You can send it out and get some tech cases printed or fabric or wallpaper and just see how that pattern can come to life in different formats. I'm really passionate about patterns, and I think they're kind of what make our world a more beautiful place. 2. Introduction: I'm from Toronto Canada and I'm a surface pattern designer, which basically means that I create pretty patterns for a living. So, I'm really passionate about patterns, so I'm really excited to have you here, so I can show you all how I do it. So, a bit about me before we move into the course content. I grew up in an apartment that was decorated in the '70s. So, there was all sorts of wild graphic prints around, it's like I have vivid memories of the orange floral drapes in my mom's kitchen, which matched our orange formica table, and all we had crazy tiles everywhere and it was just like a pattern filled world. At the time though, like in growing up I didn't even know you could do patterns for a living. I didn't know what a surface pattern design was. So, I went to school for Graphic Design, and then I worked in advertising and in design studios for over 10 years, and it was great, but it just felt like something was really missing. One thing I noticed is that I always loved integrating pattern into my graphic design work. So, I ended up taking a creative sabbatical and went to Berlin for three months, and the whole idea was that I would just get up every day and work on something creative, and figure out like is there something else that I might want to do with my life? So, I would get up every day in very little time, it just kind of I found myself getting up and working on patterns all the time. So, after three months, I came home with a big huge portfolio of


Compressibility factor (gases)
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(CC) Image: Milton Beychok
Figure 1: Example graphs of gas compressibility factors
The compressibility factor (Z) is a useful thermodynamic property for modifying the ideal gas law to account for behavior of real gases.[1][2][3][4][5] It is a measure of how much the thermodynamic properties of a real gas deviate from those expected of an ideal gas. It may be thought of as the ratio of the actual volume of a real gas to the volume predicted by the ideal gas at the same temperature and pressure as the actual volume.
For an ideal gas, Z always has a value of 1. For real gases, the value may deviate positively or negatively, depending on the effect of the intermolecular forces of the gas. The closer a real gas is to its critical point or to its saturation point, the larger are the deviations of the gas from ideal behavior.
The upper graph in Figure 1 illustrates how the compressibility factor varies for different gases at the same temperature and pressure. The lower graph illustrates how the compressibility factor of a gas (for example, methane) at a given pressure varies with temperature.[1]
This article deals only with the compressibility factor of gases and does not delve into the compressibility of liquids or vapor-liquid mixtures.
Determination of gas compressibility values
The ideal gas law is defined as:
and the ideal gas law corrected for non-ideality is defined is:
= pressure
= molar volume of the gas
= compressibility factor
= Universal gas constant
= temperature
and thus:
which is the simplest and most widely used real gas equation of state (EOS). The major limitation of this equation of state is that the gas compressibility factor, Z, is not a constant but varies from one gas to another as well as with the temperature and pressure of the gas under consideration. It must be determined experimentally.
Where experimental data is available for specific gases, that data may be used to produce graphs (such as in Figure 1) of Z versus pressure at a constant temperature or of Z versus pressure for various temperatures for those specific gases. Such graphs are useful for readily obtaining interpolated values of Z between the experimentally determined values.
The compressibility factor, as mentioned earlier, may also be expressed as:
There are three regimes that affect the compressibility factor:
 1. the value of Z tends toward 1 as the gas pressure approaches 0, where all gases tend toward ideal behavior
 2. the value of Z is less than 1 at intermediate pressures because the intermolecular forces of attraction cause the actual volumes to be less than the ideal values
 3. the value of Z is greater than 1 and ultimately tends toward infinity at high pressures because the intermolecular repulsive forces cause the actual volumes to be greater than the ideal values
Generalized compressibility factor graphs for pure gases
The unique relationship between the compressibility factor and the reduced temperature,, and the reduced pressure,, was first recognized by van der Waals in 1873 and is known as the two-parameter principle of corresponding states. The principle of corresponding states expresses the generalization that the properties of a gas which are dependent on intermolecular forces are related to the critical properties of the gas in a universal way. That provides a most important basis for developing correlations of molecular properties.[6]
As for the compressibility of gases, the principle of corresponding states indicates that any pure gas at the same reduced temperature,, and reduced pressure,, should have the same compressibility factor. [3]
The reduced temperature and pressure are defined as:
and are known as the critical temperature and critical pressure of a gas. They are characteristics of each specific gas with being the temperature above which it is not possible to liquify a given gas and is the minimum pressure required to liquify a given gas at its critical temperature.[7] Together they define the critical point of a fluid above which distinct liquid and gas phases of a given fluid do not exist.
The pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) data for real gases varies from one pure gas to another. However, when the compressibility factors of various single-component gases are graphed versus pressure along with temperature isotherms (as shown for methane in the lower graph of Figure 1), many of the graphs exhibit similar isotherm shapes.
(CC) Image: Milton Beychok
Figure 2: Example of a generalized compressibility factor graph[8]
In order to obtain a generalized graph that can be used for many different gases, the reduced pressure and temperature, and, are used to normalize the compressibility factor data. Figure 2 is an example of a generalized compressibility factor graph derived from hundreds of experimental P-V-T data points of 10 pure gases, namely methane, ethane, ethylene, propane, n-butane, i-pentane, n-hexane, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and steam.[2][4][9][10]
There are more detailed generalized compressibility factor graphs based on as many as 25 or more different pure gases, such as the Nelson-Obert graphs.[11][12][13] Such graphs are said to have an accuracy within 1-2 percent for Z values greater than 0.6 and within 4-6 percent for Z values of 0.3-0.6.
The generalized compressibility factor graphs may be considerably in error for strongly polar gases which are gases for which the centers of positive and negative charge do not coincide. In such cases the estimate for Z may be in error by as much as 15-20 percent.
The quantum gases hydrogen, helium, and neon do not conform to the corresponding-states behavior and the reduced pressure and temperature for those three gases should be redefined in the following manner to improve the accuracy of predicting their compressibility factors when using the generalized graphs:[4][10]
where the temperatures are in degrees Kelvin and the pressures are in atmospheres.
Generalized compressibility factor graphs for gas mixtures
The generalized compressibility factor graphs for pure gases (such as exemplified in Figure 2 or the Nelson-Obert graphs may also be used for gas mixtures by using Kay's Rule proposed by W. B. Kay in 1936.[14] That rule predicts the P-V-T behavior of a gas mixture by determining the compressibility factor for a gas mixture at the reduced temperature and reduced pressure defined in terms of the pseudocritical temperature, and the pseudocritical pressure, which are defined as:[15][16]
= the pseudocritical temperature of the gas mixture
= the critical temperature of a component of the gas mixture
= the pseudocritical pressure of the gas mixture
= the critical temperature of a component of the gas
= the mole (or volume) fraction of a component of the gas
The pseudoreduced temperature,, and pseudoreduced pressure,, to use with the generalized compressibility factor graphs for pure gases are then:
A compressibility factor graph for natural gas (which is a mixture of hydrocarbon and other gases) using pseudoreduced temperatures and pressures is available on the Internet.[17]
The van der Waals equation
The van der Waals equation was developed in 1873 and may be expressed as:[1][2][3][4][5]
is a measure of the strength of attraction between the gas molecules
accounts for the volume occupied by gas molecules, which decreases the available open volume
The van der Waals equation may be re-arranged as:
and the compressibility factor can be written as:
and we now have an equation for determining by using the van der Waals parameters and :
Although and are referred to as "the Van der Waals constants", they are not truly constants because they vary from one gas to another; they are, however, independent of P, V and T. In other words, they are constant for the specific gas being considered. Given the critical temperature and pressure for a specific gas, and can be obtained for that specific gas from these equations:[2][3][4][9]
For example, the critical pressure of ethane is 4.884 MPa and the critical temperature is 305.43 K (32.3˚C).[4] Using the universal gas constant,, of 8.3145 Pa m3 K-1 mol-1, the above equations yield = 0.557 m6 Pa mol-2 and = 6.500×10-5 m3 mol-1.
Tabulated values of and for various gases are available in these references[1][4][18] as well as many other sources in the technical literature.
Modified versions of the van der Waals equation
Determining compressibility factors by using the van der Waals equation of state is an improvement over using the generalized compressibility charts. However, there are modified versions of the van der Waals equation of state which provide even more improvement. Perhaps the most commonly used equations of state by engineers working in petroleum refining, petrochemical production, natural gas processing, cryogenic distillation and related industries are: the Redlich-Kwong equation developed in 1949,[19][20] the Soave-Redlich-Kwong equation developed in 1972[19][20][21] and the Peng-Robinson equation developed in 1976.[19][20] Those three equations are essentially modified versions of the van


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Let $Y$ be the number of heads in a an $X$ toss sequence of flipping a coin with probability $p$ of heads. Show that $Y \sim \mathrm{Pois}(p \lambda)$ if $X \sim \mathrm{Pois}(\lambda)$.
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This looks a lot like homework, and if so, please add the homework tag. Hint: Use the law of total probability to calculate $P\{Y = k\}$ from $P\{Y = k\mid X = n\}$ and the known values of $P\{X = n\}$. – Dilip Sarwate Feb 19 '13 at 13:54
Sure. Right, so that's what I have been doing, but it's not obvious. – darksky Feb 19 '13 at 13:56
Further hint: Can you tell what is the value of $P\{Y=10\mid X = 4\}$? How about $P\{Y=10\mid X=15\}$? You will need to use the fact that for a specific $k$, $P\{Y=k\mid X=n\}$ is zero for some choices of $n$, cancel some factorial terms in the rest, and sum a series. – Dilip Sarwate Feb 19 '13 at 14:02
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Note that $Y\mid X=x\sim\mathrm{bi}(x,p)$ for $x=0,1,\ldots$ and so $$ P(Y=k\mid X=x)=\binom{x}{k}p^k(1-p)^{x-k},\quad k=0,\ldots,x. $$ Thus $$ P(Y=k)=\sum_{x=k}^\infty P(Y=k\mid X=x)P(X=x)=\sum_{x=k}^\infty\frac{x!}{k!(x-k)!}p^k(1-p)^{x-k}\frac{\lambda^x}{x!}e^{-\lambda}, $$ which by letting $x!$ cancel out we can write as $$ \frac{p^k}{k!}e^{-\lambda}\sum_{x=k}^\infty \frac{1}{(x-k)!}(1-p)^{x-k}\lambda^x. $$ Now write $\lambda^x$ as $\lambda^{x-k}\lambda^k$ and do a change of index so the sum starts at $x=0$. Then you should end up with $$ \frac{(p\lambda)^k}{k!}e^{- p\lambda}. $$
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Well, your expression is actually incorrect. It should be $e^{- \lambda}$ – darksky Feb 19 '13 at 14:27
_USER_: You're right. I edited it, and it should be correct now. – Stefan Hansen Feb 19 '13 at 14:32
Can you please show some outline of the steps needed to go from second to the third line? – darksky Feb 19 '13 at 14:34
_USER_ The sum can be written as $$e^{-\lambda}{p^k\lambda^k\over k!}\sum_{j=0}^\infty {\bigl[((1-p)\lambda\bigr]^j\over j!}.$$(First cancel the $x!$. Then factor out $p^k e^{-\lambda}/k!$ and change indices in the sum.) – David Mitra Feb 19 '13 at 14:35
Thanks David! This is what I needed help with. – darksky Feb 19 '13 at 14:39
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It is easiest to use probability generating functions $\mathcal{P}_Z(t) = \sum_{m=0}^\infty t^m \mathbb{P}\left(Z=m\right) = \mathbb{E}\left(t^Z\right)$. The probability generating function of a binomial random variable equals $\left(1-p + p t \right)^n$. Thus: $$ \mathcal{P}_Y(t) = \mathbb{E}\left(t^Y\right) = \mathbb{E}\left(\mathbb{E}\left(t^Y|X\right)\right) = \mathbb{E}\left( (1-p+t p)^X\right) = \mathcal{P}_X(1-p+ t p) = \exp\left(\lambda \left( \left(1-p + t p \right) -1 \right) \right) = \exp\left(\lambda p (t-1) \right) $$ The latter is the probability generating function of $\operatorname{Poi}\left(\lambda p \right)$.
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Unfortunately, we haven't learned probability generating functions yet. – darksky Feb 19 '13 at 14:22
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John Walton - Silvias Spell 3 (1998) - adult spelling classes
adult spelling classes - John Walton - Silvias Spell 3 (1998)
Spelling will help improve your spelling abilities in American English. This course will teach you how to avoid misspellings by recognizing spelling errors quickly. We'll review not only the basic rules of spelling but also the most common spelling /5(K). Learning to spell for adults and mature learners.
In this free printable spelling lesson, you'll learn when to double and when not to double the final consonant in a word when adding a suffix that begins with a vowel. Shown here are just a few of the steps in this important lesson. This lesson is suitable for grades 5 and up, including ESL and adults. An online English spelling course written especially for older students to learn and improve their spelling. This course helps adults to learn English spelling rules with interactive practice, word lists,.
Review our Adult Spelling Words to know which words will appear in the tests you are going to practice in Adult Spelling Tests - Spelling Test for Adults. Spelling List 1. Spelling List 2. Spelling List 3. Spelling List 4. Spelling List 5. Spelling List 6. Spelling List 7. Spelling.


Latest Hermit Stories
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While most hummingbirds primarily use their beaks to drink nectar from flowers, male long-billed hermit hummingbirds also use theirs as weapons during mating.
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While scientists had long believed that male hummingbirds learned the song they use to attract mates at an early age and used that one vocalization their entire life, new research suggests that some species are capable of changing their tunes later on in life.
Garden Gnomes Are So Last Year, Build Yourself An Ornamental Hermitage
2013-12-20 04:51:16
This Christmas, a researcher from the University of Leicester in the UK has suggested giving the ultimate upgrade to the average garden gnome: an 'ornamental' hermit.
2005-08-08 11:02:41
CAIRO (Reuters) - Renovators working in an ancient Egyptian monastery have unearthed the oldest example of a building housing Christian monks, a member of the restoration project near the country's Red Sea coast told Reuters on Monday.
Word of the Day
The word'saggar' may come from'safeguard'.


A Baseline is a stable well-defined Benchmark set (one or more System Attributes) that serve as a comparison for System change.
Alternative Names
Concept Number: *351
English Master: Baseline
Synonyms, Variations & Acronyms: none
A System Baseline is any set of System Attribute specifications that formally define the state of a System, under specified Conditions.
An Attribute Baseline is a single Benchmark that has been chosen to compare any System change against (estimated or actual).
Parameter[Scalar, Relationship], Benchmark
Value-Decision, Evolutionary-Project-Management.
EU Base: Baseline [Europe, 2003]
{Performance Attributes [EU, 2003], Functions [EU, 2003]}.
This Baseline is specified without reference to costs.
Note: Within Value-Decision, for each Scalar Attribute a "Baseline-to-Target-Pair" is declared. The chosen Baseline is usually a Past Level and represents zero Percentage-Impact (0%). In an IE table, each Baseline-To-Target-Pair appears immediately under the tag of its Attribute on the left hand side on the table.
Type: Product-Value.
Scale: Time to Complete a defined [Task] for a defined [Person Type].
Baseline [Our Competitor"s Product]:
Past [Task = Learn to Drive Off, Person Type = Experienced Driver]: 1 minute.
Target [Our New Product]:
Goal [Task = Learn to Drive Off, Person Type = Experienced Driver]: 10 sec.
This example shows setting an Attribute Baseline and a target for a Product-Value, QX.
ABC: IE Table [Baseline Date =Nov 7, Target Date =Dec 7].
BABC: Baseline [ABC]: Past [……. "declare as a Baseline for ABC IE table"].
TABC: Target [ABC]: Goal [……"declare as a target for ABC IE table"].
Baseline-to-Target-Pair [[===ABC===]: 1 minute ~lt~-> 10 seconds. "deduced from baseline and target declarations above. Strictly not needed as repetition."
This example shows an alternative way to set a Baseline and target. It introduces the Idea of declaring a Baseline Date and Target Date applying across an IE Table.
ABC: IE Table:
-> Design-Idea|ADI|BDI|CDI|DDI
QX|0%|100No value assigned|150%
1 minute~It~-> 10 seconds| | | |
Design "ADI" has zero Percentage-Impact, meaning that if Design "ADI" were implemented then there would be no visible change in the Product-Value Level (it would remain at one minute and there would be no forward progress from the Baseline (1 minute) towards the target (10 seconds)).
Design "CDI" would be even worse than the Baseline; that is the Product-Value Level would be worse than the Attribute Baseline.
{<<<} "set of Benchmarks".
Note: A Baseline is a Benchmark, or set of Benchmarks. But if referring to a Scalar Attribute Baseline, then "0%" is more explicit.
However, for "[Baseline to Target]*200]" pair, the Keyed-Icon is "<->"."
[System Baseline *145 + *351] {<<<} [System XYZ]: ….
Meaning "baseline for a defined System". Using the Qualifier to define "which" System.
[Benchmark *007] <<< (related icon)
This Concept entered by Diane O'Brien.
Created by system. Last Modification: Friday 31 of May, 2019 15:40:16 CEST by Admin (Kai).
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text:
It is only right that the people of Ulster should use this anniversary to pause and reflect on the dedication and sacrifice given by so many in the maintenance of law and order in Northern Ireland from 1921 to 1970.
During years of sterling and committed service these men stood shoulder to shoulder with our country's armed forces and the people of Northern Ireland in the defence of a democratic way of life. They emerged to defend us all from the threat of terrorism directed at the newly emerging Northern Ireland in 1921, played a crucial role as part of the Home Guard movement during the Second World War, defended peace and democracy from the ravages of the terrorist threat between 1956 – 1962 and again during the early years of the current terrorist threat to Northern Ireland.
As part of this selfless service many paid the supreme sacrifice with 246 names currently recorded on the USC memorial at Lichfield.
On this 40th anniversary I would like to pay personal tribute to all those who served in the Ulster Special Constabulary and their families demonstrating that they and their contribution have not been forgotten by a grateful Ulster people."
Drew Nelson LL.B
Grand Orange Lodge of Ireland
30 April 2010


text:
Commonly known as wax plants, hoyas get their name due to the waxy appearance of their flowers and leaves. The flowers have five triangular petals which resemble a star, with a star-shaped corona on top. Many species have a mutual relationship with ants, who keep the plants clean of pests, while living in special chambers on the stems and leaves known as domatia. The flowers are also laden with nectar, eaten by the ants as well as pollinators such as moths and flies. Hoyas are typically seen growing as basket plants, even in temperate climates indoors, where they cascade gracefully and bloom profusely. Many species and especially the hybrids are fragrant. Hoyas are a mostly epiphytic genus that consist of about two hundred species. They are found mostly in Asia, India, and the South Pacific – and this month in Selby Gardens! Learn more about this plant on the Botany blog.
To provide an oasis of inspiration and tranquility, while furthering the understanding and appreciation of plants, especially epiphytes.


Use of a Scribe
Use of a Scribe
May 23, 2019
We are hiring a scribe for the doctor because it will help improve his documentation. Is there anything we need to know about how to document this?
Yes, absolutely. This situation should be clearly delineated so a third party reviewer can identify the provider who performed the service, and the record should be signed by both parties (the scribe and physician).
Remember, a scribe does not ask the patient any questions, nor does a scribe do an examination of the patient. A scribe merely records the information obtained by a provider. Bottom line is that a nurse practitioner or physician assistant generally does not act as a scribe.
Example of statements:
I, (scribe name), am serving as a scribe to document services personally performed by (physician name), based on my observation and the provider's statements to me.
I, (physician name), attest that (scribe name) is acting in a scribe capacity, has observed my performance of the services, and has documented them in accordance with my direction.
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Coding Coaches


What are military parachutes made of?
The T-10D Parachute is made of nylon materials commonly used in the manufacturing of parachutes.
What type of parachute does the military use?
The T-11 replaces the legacy T-10, which has been in use with the U.S. Army for over 50 years.
What is the best material for parachutes?
Nylon – Nylon replaced silk during the WW2 when supply of silk diminished. Nylon has since become a popular choice, as it has excellent wind resistance, good elasticity, mildew resistance, and is comparatively cheaper. The material is also lightweight and dries quickly. It is resistant to abrasion and chemicals.
What is a parachute made of?
A parachute is a device used to slow the motion of an object through an atmosphere by creating drag (or in the case of ram-air parachutes, aerodynamic lift). Parachutes are usually made out of light, strong fabric, originally silk, now most commonly nylon.
How do military parachutes work?
Effectively, the jumper drags the parachute behind him, causing the upward-rushing wind to force open and inflate the canopy. The canopy should inflate and begin supporting the jumper within 4 seconds.
ЭТО ИНТЕРЕСНО: Is there a parachute in plane?
How often do military parachutes fail?
Typically, about one in every thousand parachutes will experience a malfunction that requires the use of the reserve parachute.
How high do Navy Seals jump from?
HALO is an acronym for "high altitude, low opening." That means that military special forces teams will jump out at a high altitude (generally 30 to 40 thousand feet), and they'll freefall to a much lower altitude (as low as about 800 feet above the ground) before they deploy their parachutes.
Are military parachutes waterproof?
Parachutes used by some of the toughest soldiers in the British Army are in great demand – as tents and wedding decorations. … They are waterproof and wind-proof and make ideal outdoor tepees and shelters and can even be draped from the roofs and walls of buildings to convert them into stylish wedding venues.
What are the strings on a parachute called?
Parachute cord (also paracord or 550 cord when referring to type-III paracord) is a lightweight nylon kernmantle rope originally used in the suspension lines of parachutes. This cord is now used as a general purpose utility cord.
How do you make a parachute fall slower?
The larger the surface area, the more air resistance and the slower the parachute will drop. Cutting a small hole in the middle of the parachute will allow air to slowly pass through it rather than spilling out over one side, this should help the parachute fall straighter.
Who was the first person to parachute?
Leonardo da Vinci conceived the idea of the parachute in his writings, and the Frenchman Louis-Sebastien Lenormand fashioned a kind of parachute out of two umbrellas and jumped from a tree in 1783, but André-Jacques Garnerin was the first to design and test parachutes capable of slowing a man's fall from a high …
ЭТО ИНТЕРЕСНО: How high do you go parasailing?
Where do you buy a parachute?
Shop ParaGear.com! For all of your Parachutes and Skydiving Gear needs, WORLD'S LARGEST IN-STOCK INVENTORY, your one-stop shopping SKYDIVING GEAR SUPERSTORE. Para Gear has been supplying the world with Parachutes and Skydiving Gear since 1960, and now sells to more than 150 countries from all over the world.
Who created the first parachute?
Leonardo da VinciFausto VeranzioSolomon Lee Van Meter Jr.
What happens if you open parachute too early?
You are likely to drift off the drop zone. The winds can be pretty heavy at high altitudes, and unless you steer continuously they may blow you off-course. Needless to say, the refrigeration effect of the wind and slipstream will make you feel even colder than the mere altitude. Your landing is likely to be rough.
Can you survive jumping out of a plane into water?
If you can dive into water, it won't feel good at 125mph, but you'll survive if the water is deep enough — at least 12 feet or so. Steer toward the water (it's helpful if you've been skydiving before and know how to steer as you are falling), and dive right in.
How fast does an airborne soldier hit the ground?
Paratroopers usually land at a speed around 13 mph, resulting in a landing force that is comparable to jumping off of a 9-12 foot wall. 4 The PLF is used to spread the forces of impact across various parts of the body instead of a single part (such as ankles). This greatly reduces your risk of injury.
ЭТО ИНТЕРЕСНО: Who did the first parachute jump?


Warning To Our Fellow Americans
Fellow Americans, we have now refined our target to type "A" Islam (type "A" Muslims). Now, we have developed specialized techniques for identifying type "A" Muslims and have a lifetime of experience in using these techniques.
You do not have the techniques or the experience to identify type "A" Muslims. They could be your best friend or even a loved one. Therefore, we warn you:
To be safe, treat all Muslims as a threat.
Original article: Warning To Our Fellow Americans
 2. Should Muslims Be Deported From (Kicked Out Of) America?
 3. The Only Way To Identify Safe Muslims
 4. Islam, Not Just Radical Islam, Is A Threat To America
 5. CJA (Counter Jihad Army) Builds Muslim Registry Database


Can my posture affect my hormones?
Can my posture affect my hormones?
Can my posture affect my hormones? The short answer is – yes it can!
Amy Cuddy* from Harvard University has done research on how body language impacts hormones. One of her studies showed how levels of salivary testosterone and cortisol are impacted when someone is in an upright posture vs when someone is in a slouched over posture.
Testosterone has an important role to play for both men and women. It helps plays a part in regulating libido, brain function, muscle mass and strength, and fat distribution. Signs of low testosterone may include irritability, depression, brain fog, decreased muscle mass, osteoporosis, erectile dysfunction and low sex drive to mention but a few.
shutterstock_146398013Cortisol, commonly known as the "stress hormone", is secreted by the adrenal glands during stressful events. It is very important that after a stressful event, that cortisol levels go back to normal. Unfortunately, in a society where stress is not an acute but a chronic event, cortisol levels can rise and stay elevated for a prolonged period. This has been shown to have negative effects such as impaired cognitive function, sleep disturbance, lower immune function, higher blood pressure and increased abdominal fat to again name but a few!
In Cuddy's study, the levels of salivary cortisol and testosterone were measured when participants held (for two minutes) an upright "high-power" pose vs a slouched over "low-power" pose. The results showed an increase in testosterone and decrease in cortisol in the "high-power" pose, and a decrease in testosterone levels and increase in cortisol levels in a "lower-power" pose.
So, how can you apply the benefits of this interesting study in your life? Whenever you can maintain a power-pose, which sort of looks like you are puffing out your chest, and keeping your head over your shoulders, do it! Try to hold that for a few minutes a day and notice how you feel immediately after. To help combat the effects of stress on your body and for a more prolonged effect on your health and wellbeing, getting ABC adjustments is the way to go! The whole idea, is that you leave being able to stand upright, "without effort, or thinking about it!" I look forward to seeing you at the practice!
Dr Aline Dahdah
Quay Health
Dr Aline Dahdah Chiropractor Quay Health Sydney CBD


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What does the swastika mean?
Imagine a new family is moving in next door to you, and as a friendly gesture you put a poster on their door with the word "Welcome" and a drawing of a smiley face. When the neighbors arrive and see your sign, however, the woman faints, the man looks around suspiciously and the son stomps around, shouting curses into the air.
You quickly run outside to see what is the matter. The family's young but sensible-looking daughter then explains that in their home country, a picture of a disembodied head with a smile means "May you soon rest peacefully in your grave!" and is a universally hated symbol, reserved for only the most detested of enemies.
How might you feel? Disturbed? Angry? Embarrassed? Whatever your reaction, it is no doubt similar to what someone from pre-World War II India would feel upon seeing most modern people's reactions to another symbol: the infamous swastika.
The Sanskrit word svasti means "blessings" or "fortune" or "auspiciousness." It represents the utmost in good wishes upon another. The svastika is a sacred diagram that is supposed to embody and attract this positive energy. One of the 108 symbols associated with Lord Visnu, it is a depiction of the sun and its life-giving rays. Modern Hindus put svastika s everywhere -- on buildings, gifts, vehicles, stationery -- but versions are also found among other cultures, including the ancient Celts, the Navajos and Hopis of Native America, modern Mongolians, and even the ancient Jews!
The svastika's innocent reputation began to be tarnished at the turn of the last century when German elitists co-opted it as a sort of family heraldry symbol for the Aryan super-race, and when Adolf Hitler and his Third Reich adopted it as the Nazi party emblem, the process was complete: the benign svastika of good fortune had become the nefarious swastika of racial atrocity.
If not for this brief historical blip, however, it would have remained the Vedic equivalent of a smiley face. That's why the Chief Rabbinate of Israel issued a declaration in 2008 affirming the sacred nature of the svastika, despite its uses in World War II Germany. After all, it's not the svastika's fault if it was kidnapped, is it?
—Navina-Shyama Dasa (Navin Jani) grew up going to ISKCON temples, first in Cleveland, Ohio and later in Laguna Beach, California. He is an honors graduate of Stanford University who went on to earn a Master's Degree in Urban Planning from the University of Florida and a Bhakti Shastri Degree from the Mayapur Institute of Higher Education. He's currently pursuing a degree in Law from Temple University. He has a passion for the Vedic arts and sciences, particularly Vastu Veda, for which he offers consulting services through his website VastuShyam.Com.
(pictured is a Buddhist swastika in a bronze piece at the Sensō-ji in Asakusa, Tōkyō, Japan)


How the Government Shutdown Would Screw the Top Ten Science Operations Vital for the Country
This is how the political war in Washington will affect the top 10 scientific operations essential for the safety and progress of the country:
Center for Disease Control: Reduced to a bare minimum. Essential operations—like the CDC's Emergency Operations Center or immunizations for children and outbreak investigations—will continue to work. There will be delays in other programs and shutdown of everything else that is considered non-essential, like zombies research.
United States Department of Agriculture: All facilities would shut down except for critical food safety control—meat, poultry and egg inspection services—Forest Service law enforcement, fire fighting, and child malnutrition programs. Don't get your hopes too high, Taco Bell.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: It would affect all the facilities except those that are essential for the protection of lives and property in the United States. The shut down may include the National Severe Storms Laboratory.
NASA: All programs except support for the International Space Station crew and tasks that maintain the safety and operation on core NASA assets, like the Space Shuttle Endeavour. The shuttle launch, however, may get delayed again because of the shutdown. The rest of NASA facilities—from the JPL to Goddard and non-essential operations on Houston and KSC—would shut down.
Sandia and Los Alamos National Laboratories: The two famous nuclear research facilities in New Mexico would keep essential facilities working through the shutdown, since they have "carry-over funds" from long term projects, according to a directive from the Department of Energy.
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: Like Sandia and Los Alamos, depends on the Department of Energy. The LLNL is in charge of controlling the safety of the United States nuclear arsenal, among other things. Operations essential to this task would be kept open.
National Ignition Facility: It depends on the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, but being non-essential
Fermilab proton-antiproton collider: According to an insider, they only have money to work through two weeks.
Federal Transportation Safety: The Department of Transportation will keep running the Will maintain both the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration and Federal Highway Administration.
US Military: Most of the research programs that don't have carry-over funds will be shutdown completely. Active military operations will continue to work through the shutdown, as well as child care and dining.
So yes, the Federal government shutdown will directly and indirectly affect the lives of many, including yours. But, fortunately, it will not put the country on the verge of self-destruction.
In fact, the United States have survived previous government shutdowns, the last one in 1996, with President Clinton and the Republican-controlled Congress fighting over funding for Medicare, environment, public health and education.
Of course, that doesn't mean that this situation is ok. It's not. It's a big clusterfuck. The political war in Washington will have a definitive effect, costing everyone lots of money in the long run, and delaying science operations that are vital for the present and future of the country.


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Stress and aging act through common mechanisms to elicit neuroinflammatory priming.
Fonken LK, Frank MG, Gaudet AD, Maier SF
Over the course of an animal's lifespan, there is a protracted breakdown in basic homeostatic functions. Stressors (both psychological and physiological) can accelerate this process and compromise multiple homeostatic mechanisms. For example, both stress and aging can modulate neuroinflammatory function and cause a primed phenotype resulting in a heightened neuroinflammatory profile upon immune activation. Microglia, the brain's resident myeloid cell, produce "silent" immune machinery in response to stress and aging that does not cause immediate immune activation; rather, these changes prime the cell for a subsequent immune insult. Primed microglia exhibit a hyperinflammatory response upon immune activation that can exacerbate pathology. In this review, we will explore parallels between stressand aging-induced neuroinflammatory priming. First, we will provide a background on the basic principles of neuroimmunology. Next, we will discuss evidence that neuroinflammatory responses become primed in the context of both stress and aging. We will also describe cell-specific contributions to neuroinflammatory priming with a focus on microglia. Finally, common mechanisms underlying priming in the context of stress and aging will be discussed: these mechanisms include glucocorticoid signaling; accumulation of danger signals; dis-inhibition of microglia; and breakdown of circadian rhythms. Overall, there are multifarious parallels between stressand aging-elicited neuroinflammatory priming, suggesting that stress may promote a form of premature aging. Further unravelling mechanisms underlying priming could lead to improved treatments for buffering against stressand aging-elicited behavioral pathologies.


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In 2011, prominent introductory anthropology textbook author Conrad Kottak teamed up with Lisa Gezon to produce the new "magazine style" CULTURE. Anthropology definitely has some branding woes–see Anthropology is the worst college major–and Kottak is well known for keeping a finger on the pulse of pop culture. But can a glossy magazine textbook, doubling down on culture in anthropology, help the anthropology brand?
Culture is one of the ideas most associated with anthropology, but culture in anthropology has also been fiercely critiqued. Using a splashy textbook to double down on culture in anthropology is problematic, not so much because it ignores the critique of culture in anthropology, but because the terminology of culture hardly needs promoting in the world-at-large: culture is already everywhere.
Doubling Down on Culture in Anthropology–Why Now?
Why might textbooks now be emphasizing culture in anthropology? Two immediate possibilities come to mind. The first and more generous possibility is as a response to the ascendancy of genetic and biological determinisms. Doubling down on culture in anthropology attempts to counter the trend. This seems to be what is at work in the 2012 article The biological myth of human evolution by Jonathan Marks, which counts heavily on the idea of culture as inextricable from the human animal (see Human Biologies and the Biocultural Naturenurtural).
The second possibility is this is not actually doubling down but "sailing on," an extension of the culture-promoting anthropology has been doing since at least Ruth Benedict's 1934 Patterns of Culture (and see Ruth Benedict, Patterns of Culture: From Culture to cultures).
By "sailing on," I am thinking of how Norman Sauer in 1992 asked forensic anthropologists not to simply keep making race identifications without an educational component on why such identifications did not validate traditional race categories:
Furthermore, our work with law enforcement officials promotes a communication channel with personnel who might benefit professionally from exposure to the notion that perceived races are not reflections of biological reality. But we "sail on" as though the question of races was never an issue in anthropology.
–Forensic Anthropology and the Concept of Race: If Races Don't Exist, Why Are Forensic Anthropologists So Good at Identifying Them?, 1992:110. In using the phrase "sail on," Sauer was referring to an article by Loring Brace, "The Roots of the Race Concept in American Physical Anthropology" (1982).
But whether this is in response to genetic determinists or sailing on, it appears as though the question of culture was never an issue in anthropology, and introductory anthropology needs to convince the world at large of the importance of culture.
The Non-Problem with Culture in Anthropology
At this point, anthropologist readers wince and expect me to take Kottak and Gezon to task for ignoring the internal-to-anthropology critique of culture, a critique mainly from Marxism, feminism, post-modernism, and post-colonialism. Although I find elements of those critiques important, I don't think that's the problem with a textbook like Culture. Indeed, on the inside there is more attention to those kinds of critiques than the cover indicates–for example, the chapter on "The World System and Colonialism" concentrates more heavily than many anthropology textbooks on political economy, with references to Wallerstein, Braudel, Marx, Weber, and a discussion of Sidney W. Mintz's Sweetness and Power (see also my review of Kottak's four-field Anthropology).
I am also struck by Andre Gingrich's comment about these critiques:
A careful and balanced history of those sequences of anthropological autocritique still remains to be written, but to my mind, one may argue with some justification that each of these critiques in some ways went too far and that none of them fully achieved what its main advocates originally had in mind. (Transitions: Notes on Sociocultural Anthropology's Present and Its Transnational Potential, 2010:555)
This is especially striking in the light of the 2010 flap about Science in Anthropology, which has surely nixed the possibility of a "careful and balanced history" of the autocritique.
Again, although elements of the autocritique are important, almost all anthropologists have a completely usable understanding of the concept of culture. I also do not find introductory textbooks objectionable in their presentation of the concept of culture. Moreover, many people were turned off by the autocritique, seeing it as the source of vitriol and jargon. So what's the problem?
The Real Problem with Culture in Anthropology
The real problem with promoting culture right now is not the concept of culture but that we are completely saturated with culture terminology. It's not like anyone needs to be introduced to the word "culture." It is already everywhere, as documented in Seeing Culture Everywhere, from Genocide to Consumer Habits: "We conclude by offering readers a series of questions designed to help anyone who needs to evaluate the impact of decisions potentially involving cultural difference to decide whether, in a particular case, culture matters" (Breidenbach and Nyíri 2009:29).
Indeed, not only do we need to decide whether culture matters, we often find culture used to justify pernicious activities, such as reducing the hiring chances of "too ethnic" job candidates: "Discrimination in many cases may not even be intentional... but simply a matter of people gravitating toward similar people, casting about for the right 'cultural fit,' a buzzword often heard in corporate circles" (In Job Hunt, College Degree Can't Close Racial Gap).
Franz Boas, who fought for thinking about culture as a way to counter racial discrimination, can now roll over in his grave.
The difference between our time and the time of Benedict or Boas, is that we are not introducing culture as a term and a concept together. We are trying to adjust the concept underlying a term which everyone has already heard–a lot. For most people, culture is 1) personal values and beliefs, often with a consumer-commodity aspect, and 2) a kind of race-lite, roughly parallel to traditional notions of race but not quite as deterministic. As John and Jean Comaroff write:
Cultural identity, in the here-and-now, represents itself ever more as two things at once: the object of choice and self-construction, typically through the act of consumption, and the manifest product of biology, genetics, human essence (Ethnicity, Inc., 2009:1).
Moreover, as Zoë Burkholder has discussed, this version of culture actually emerged during the time of Benedict and Boas: "The result was a softer, culturalized notion of race that reproduced the dangerous, tautological generalizations Boas had rallied against in the first place" (Franz Boas and Anti-Racist Education, 2006:25)
Under these conditions, it is very difficult to dislodge culture as it is already understood and replace it with an anthropological concept. It would take quite radical classroom tactics, and even those would probably only alter the concept at the margins. At the end of the semester, too many evaluation forms will read: "I never realized how much culture really matters." And then out into the world.
What Do We Do?
To be clear: at this point, there is little value in an anthropological internal critique of culture. There is not even much to be gained from getting snobby about introductory textbooks. What is of concern is the culture-splash. Again, this has nothing to do with the concept of culture in anthropology and everything to do with how its use has spun way out of anthropology's control.
On a workaday level, I probably end up following the recommendation of "whistle-blowing, and trying to propagate our own view of culture" (Hannerz 2010:546; for an evaluation of Hannerz, see Greg Downey's Brand Anthropology: New and Improved, with Extra Diversity!). For my "Cultural Anthropology" course I use Carol Delaney's Investigating Culture, who does some whistle-blowing but ends up being muddled about culture in anthropology. My course is a 200-level follow-up to a four-field introduction to anthropology.
If I were teaching cultural anthropology as a 100-level introduction to anthropology, I would consider Cultural Anthropology by Schultz and Lavenda, which emphasizes power and inequality, including a section on "Did their culture make them do it?"
But there are not enough anthropologists or enough whistles to do the whistle-blowing, let alone promote our own views. And it may actually enhance our whistle-blowing if we officially drop the term. So as an ideal, it is time to adopt the recommendation from Michel-Rolph Trouillot, bidding Adieu Culture:
We need to abandon the word while firmly defending the conceptual kernel it once encapsulated.... Abandoning the word "culture" would free practitioners from within all the subfields of the discipline, and enhance dialogue between sociocultural anthropologists, archaeologists, and especially biological anthropologists. Biological anthropologists would not have to find "culture" in the behavior of humans or other primates. Rather, they would have to specify the role of biology in patterning particular instances of cognition, volition, and activity among the groups–human or otherwise–that they study, and detail the degree to which symbolic constructions inform these patterns. Debates would turn on specifics, not on generalities. Anthropologists will undoubtedly find that those specifics can open new discussions by providing links across disciplinary boundaries....
There is no reason today to enclose any segment of the world population within a single bounded and integrated culture,


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- When a rug is woven in India, this is an example of a time when the provenance is India.
- When a piece of art can be traced back in history as first having been owned by a King and then by two collectors, this history of the owners is an example of the provenance of the art.
Origin of provenanceFrench ; from provenir ; from Classical Latin provenire, to come forth ; from pro-, forth + venire, to come
- Place of origin; derivation.
- a. The history of the ownership of an object, especially when documented or authenticated. Used of artworks, antiques, and books.b. The records or documents authenticating such an object or the history of its ownership.
Origin of provenanceFrench, from provenant, present participle of provenir, to originate, from Old French, from Latin pr&omacron;ven&imacron;re : pr&omacron;-, forth; see pro–1 + ven&imacron;re, to come; see gwain Indo-European roots.
- Place or source of origin.
- Many supermarkets display the provenance of their food products.
- (archaeology) The place and time of origin of some artifact or other object. See Usage note below.
- This spear is of Viking provenance.
- (art) The history of ownership of a work of art
- The picture is of royal provenance.
- (computing) The copy history of a piece of data, or the intermediate pieces of data utilized to compute a final data element, as in a database record or web site (data provenance)
- (computing) The execution history of computer processes which were utilized to compute a final piece of data (process provenance)
- (of a person) Background; history; place of origin; ancestry.
- The term provenience in archaeology has largely replaced provenance because provenience is restricted to in situ location at the date of archaeological discovery rather than the "origin-to-present" chain of custody details of proper provenance as is customarily used by historians, museums, and commercial entities.


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- Is vinegar as effective as bleach for disinfecting?
- Can I mix ammonia with water?
- What can you not mix with ammonia?
- How do you make disinfectant spray with ammonia?
- Can you dilute ammonia?
- What Cannot be mixed with bleach?
- What does ammonia do to your body?
- What naturally kills black mold?
- Is it OK to mix ammonia and baking soda?
- What happens if you pee in bleach?
- Can ammonia kill you?
- Can mixing bleach and vinegar kill you?
Is vinegar as effective as bleach for disinfecting?
Vinegar can be used as a safer bleach alternative for some applications, such as cleaning, and research has shown it can be effective against some bacteria and viruses, including the flu.
Vinegar is not a registered disinfectant, however, and does not kill dangerous bacteria like staphylococcus..
Can I mix ammonia with water?
Even diluted in water, as is recommended for most cleaning purposes, ammonia can still be harmful. The most important safety rule to remember is: Never mix ammonia with chlorine bleach. … Always be sure to wear chemical resistant gloves and ventilate the area well when using ammonia.
What can you not mix with ammonia?
Bleach and ammonia produce a toxic gas called chloramine. "It causes the same symptoms as bleach and vinegar — along with shortness of breath and chest pain," says Forte. Many glass and window cleaners contain ammonia, so never mix those with bleach.
How do you make disinfectant spray with ammonia?
Create a 1:1 dilution of ammonia and warm water in a spray bottle. Spray it on surfaces, such as a greasy countertop, and allow it to sit for about five minutes. Wipe away with a paper towel. Rinse with a spray of cool, plain distilled water and wipe away with a paper towel.
Can you dilute ammonia?
Large volumes of water dilute ammonia, but form highly corrosive ammonia hydroxide solution. Avoid using water unless absolutely necessary to protect life (evacuation or rescue). … Use a dilution rate of 10 to 1 water to ammonia (2 to 1 for maximum dilution of ammonia to water).
What Cannot be mixed with bleach?
16 Common Product Combinations You Should Never MixBleach + Vinegar = Toxic Chlorine Gas. … Ammonia + Bleach = Toxic Chloramine Vapors. … Rubbing Alcohol + Bleach = Chloroform. … Hydrogen Peroxide + Vinegar = Parecetic Acid. … Baking Soda + Vinegar = Ineffective Cleaning Solution. … Two Different Battery Brands = Corrosion. … Medicine + Grapefruit Juice = Adverse Effects.More items…•
What does ammonia do to your body?
Exposure to high concentrations of ammonia in air causes immediate burning of the eyes, nose, throat and respiratory tract and can result in blindness, lung damage or death. Inhalation of lower concentrations can cause coughing, and nose and throat irritation.
What naturally kills black mold?
Baking Soda. Used with vinegar and water or alone with water, baking soda is effective at removing mold naturally. Dissolve baking soda into water or water-and-vinegar solution, and spray onto surface. Let it sit, then scrub and wipe with a damp cloth.
Is it OK to mix ammonia and baking soda?
You can keep them looking their best with a simple mixture of baking soda and ammonia. Cast iron fixtures typically have a baked-on porcelain enamel. You can't use abrasive cleaning products because they can damage the finish. … Just mix 1/4 cup of ammonia and 1/4 cup of baking soda into a paste.
What happens if you pee in bleach?
Chlorine gas can also be released when bleach is mixed with urine, such as when cleaning the area around a toilet or when pets stains are cleaned. Both chloramine and chlorine gases are immediately irritating with a very pungent odor, causing watering of the eyes, runny nose and coughing.
Can ammonia kill you?
Anhydrous ammonia is compressed into a clear colorless liquid when used as fertilizer. … If you inhale it and it gets in your windpipe and your lungs it will cause burns there that's what will usually kill you – if you inhale concentrated ammonia gas," said Nebraska Regional Poison Center's Ron Kirschner.
Can mixing bleach and vinegar kill you?
Although bleach is a strong disinfectant, and vinegar dissolves mineral deposits and kills many types of mold, fungi and bacteria, combining the two can be dangerous. Mixing bleach with an acid such as vinegar creates chlorine gas, a toxic chemical that can be deadly at high levels.