5 Essential Facts That You Ought To Learn About Dewalt Rotating Sander
Just before we may begin this conversation about how to make use of a Dewalt Rotating Sander appropriately, our experts need to have to recognize what a rotary sander is and also what it does. A rotary sander is actually a maker that does something contacted "sanding.".
Sanding is something that you do when you build one thing soft, like household furniture, or you repair something as well as you need to have to make it smooth, like autos. In the case of vehicles, you will definitely observe that the area is going to get irregular with time, as well as you need to have to sand it down to make it flat and consistent.
You are actually utilizing this resource to refine off the exterior of the cars and truck if you are actually making use of a rotary sander to make your cars and truck directly. The means this functions is actually that the fining sand activity utilizes a circular motion to push the sand know the tire. The force that the tire must take in, of course, is actually heading to affect exactly how quick the sanding is mosting likely to be actually.
Due to the fact that they don't have any relocating components, most rotary Sanders on the market today are electricity. Electric Sanders uses a district to smooth out the surface area, but additionally consists of a few other attributes, such as:.
Enhanced Smoothness: These Sanders have districts to produce them much more efficient at smoothing the surface. If you acquire additional energy away from all of them, it's visiting help you go quicker as well as produce the work simpler. This power is going to come at an expense, since you're going to possess to pay out for the motors and all the parts that go along with it. Electric Sanders does certainly not lack electric batteries like some power devices do.
Enhanced Turn Precision: Along with a power sander, you do not have to stress over too much rotating, given that you can switch the machine in ways that will not damage the cable. In other words, you do not must bother with the cable bursting. With a turning sander, you need to regularly transform the belt to maintain the right slant. Along with electrical machines, you can easily transform them in one instructions and they'll work penalty.
Improved Sanding Velocity: Along with the majority of rotary Sanders, the electric motors that create the sanding movement job best with the fining sand velocity that you specify. This means that it is crucial to make sure that you are actually utilizing the correct setting on the maker. You do not intend to purchase an equipment along with insufficient energy or even a lot of speed.
The ideal rotating sander, after that, is one that is visiting be able to give you the fast forward for the sanding that you need to have. It has to be able to run at simply the right velocity and also the amount of electrical power that you require. A Dewalt Turning Sander that operates at 100 RPM is actually going to be much less strong than one that runs at 400 RPM.
A smaller variety, certainly, suggests that the sanding is heading to be actually much faster, therefore you could need to do it more frequently. But if you are sure that you are actually utilizing a large number, you'll enjoy with the volume of sanding you can do in a time. The very same puts on energy.
A Dewalt Rotary Sander can easily acquire quite massive as well as tough to take care of. This is as a result of the truth that it is so powerful. It may not be actually capable to aid you if you are going to have to lug it around when you use it on a regular manner.
Consider that it is actually heading to be harder to hold the strong device and the wire around to service your job. Be sure that you acquire the maker that you need to have, certainly not just because it appears pleasant but due to the fact that it is going to have the capacity to give you the power that you require which it will provide you the smoothest surface that you require.
The eccentric sander force that the tire has to absorb, of course, is going to influence how prompt the sanding is going to be actually.
If you receive additional power out of all of them, it is actually going to help you go quicker as well as create the project simpler. This energy is actually going to come at a price, since you're going to have to spend for the motors and also all the components that go along with it. The ideal rotary sander, at that point, is actually one that is actually going to be able to offer you the max speed for the fining sand that you need to have. A Dewalt Turning Sander that runs at 100 RPM is actually going to be actually less powerful than one that manages at 400 Revoltions Per Minute.
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The research base on cooperative learning was examined for its applicability to academically talented students. Common types of cooperative learning are described with highlights of the model characteristics as they apply to academically talented students. The models include: Teams-Games-Tournament (TGT); Student Teams Achievement Divisions (STAD); Team Accelerated Instruction (TAI); Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC); Circles of Learning or Learning Together; Cooperative Controversy; Jigsaw and Jigsaw II; Group Investigation; Co-op Co-op and Cooperative Structures; Groups of Four; and Descubrimiento or Finding Out. Advantages and disadvantages of the various models for academically talented students were summarized. The weaknesses in the cooperative learning literature, as it relates to academically talented students, were also identified. Weaknesses fall into two broad categories which include: (1) lack of attention to academically talented students and (2) reliance on weak treatment comparisons to demonstrate the effectiveness of cooperative learning. In addition to an examination of the research base, two issues in practice were identified as important for academically talented students. These issues were: (1) curricular coverage and pacing and (2) group work and motivation. Finally, a series of recommendations for practice was included.
Cooperative Learning and the Academically Talented Students
- Cooperative learning in the heterogeneous classroom should not be substituted for specialized programs and services for academically talented students.
- If a school is committed to cooperative learning, models which encourage access to materials beyond grade level are preferable for academically talented students.
- If a school is committed to cooperative learning, models which permit flexible pacing are preferable for academically talented students.
- If a school is committed to cooperative learning, student achievement disparities within the group should not be too severe.
- Academically talented students should be provided with opportunities for autonomy and individual pursuits during the school day.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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03 Jul 2018
A Glimpse into the Life of Palestinian Artist, Hani Amra
Fidan Huseyni
The Decadent Photographer - Hani Amra
Hani Amra was born in Jerusalem, studied Arts and Literature in France and currently resides in Palestine. His work explores the medium of painting and photography, with a focus on re-constructing a world through an acute observation of his environment and its constant evolution in time. EMERGEAST' sat with Hani to learn more about his journey...
In three words who is Hani Amra the Artist?
Seeker, explorer, wanderer.
As a multidisciplinary Artist (painting and photography) do your inspirations differ from medium to medium?
Both mediums have characteristics that are useful in different ways. Photography is directly related to the physical reality or environment. Painting gives you more freedom to explore. In both cases the physical realm is invested to be recreated and revisited. Photography is more binding to reality upon which one can reflect, analyze through different techniques, including abstraction and collage. Painting is less binding and more directly related to the inner-self or inner aspirations. Both mediums have powerful investigative qualities.
Does your identity as a Palestinian Artist infiltrate your art, and if so how?
Obviously one can recognise some features of Palestinian landscapes in some drawings or paintings, but for me its first of all a landscape with rocks, trees, shapes and colors. I don't need to say I'm Palestinian as the lion doesn't need to claim he's a lion. Also, engaged or political Art in the Palestinian context and any context is important and doesn't necessarily relate to identity, so this is not the point. For me Art is a creative way to open new spaces, beyond pre-fixed identities. The limited boundaries of culture, identity and tradition, and the context of living under occupation in Palestine, are already a heavy load. So the idea here is not to be stuck in a rhetorical language, but rather to use the art medium as a means of exploration and self-realization. And this is also a kind of engagement.
What's next for Hani Amra the Artist?
I take pleasure in doing art as a daily practice, I would love to explore more of the world and be able to meet, share, learn and travel more.
If there was a soundtrack/ music genre to your artistry, what would it be?
Music is boundless, but it would have to be Jazz, its like abstract painting.
And finally, what would you tell a young collector seeing your work for the first time?
I would love to listen to what he has to say and engage in a friendly conversation.
Explore more artworks by Hani Amra by visiting his full profile HERE!


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See Wikipedia article on Chaitin's construction, referring to e.g.
- Computing a Glimpse of Randomness (written by Cristian S. Calude, Michael J. Dinneen, and Chi-Kou Shu)
- Omega and why math has no TOEs (Gregory Chaitin).
2 Basing it on combinatory logic
See the prefix coding system described in Binary Lambda Calculus and Combinatory Logic (page 20) written by John Tromp:
of course, c, d are meta-variables, and also some other notations are changed slightly.
Having seen this, decoding is rather straightforward. Let us represent it e.g with the following LL1 parser. Of course, we can build it on top of more sophisticated parser libraries (Parsec, arrow parsers)
2.2.1 Decoding module
module Decode (clP) where import Parser (Parser, item) import CL (CL, k, s, apply) import CLExt ((>>^)) clP :: Parser Bool CL clP = item (bool applicationP baseP) applicationP :: Parser Bool CL applicationP = clP >>^ clP baseP :: Parser Bool CL baseP = item (bool k s) kP, sP :: Parser Bool CL kP = return k sP = return s
2.2.2 Combinatory logic term modules
module CL (CL, k, s, apply) where import Tree (Tree (Leaf, Branch)) import BaseSymbol (BaseSymbol, kay, ess) type CL = Tree BaseSymbol k, s :: CL k = Leaf kay s = Leaf ess apply :: CL -> CL -> CL apply = Branch
22.214.171.124 CL extension
module CLExt ((>>^)) where import CL (CL, apply) import Control.Monad (Monad, liftM2) (>>^) :: Monad m => m CL -> m CL -> m CL (>>^) = liftM2 apply
126.96.36.199 Base symbol
module BaseSymbol (BaseSymbol, kay, ess) where data BaseSymbol = K | S kay, ess :: BaseSymbol kay = K ess = S
2.2.3 Utility modules
188.8.131.52 Binary tree
module Tree (Tree (Leaf, Branch)) where data Tree a = Leaf a | Branch (Tree a) (Tree a)
module Parser (Parser, item) where import Control.Monad.State (StateT, get, put) type Parser token a = StateT [token] a item :: Parser a item = do token : tokens <- get put tokens return token
184.108.40.206 Prelude extension
module PreludeExt (bool) where bool :: a -> a -> Bool -> a bool thenC elseC t = if t then thenC else elseC
2.3 Partial function approach
Now, Chaitin's construction will be here
- should denote an unary predicate "has normal form" ("terminates")
- should mean an operator "decode" (a function from finite bit sequences to combinatory logic terms)
- should denote the set of all finite bit sequences
- should denote the set of syntactically correct bit sequences (semantically, they may either terminate or diverge), i.e. the domain of the decoding function, i.e. the range of the coding function. Thus,
- "Absolute value"
- should mean the length of a bit sequence (not combinatory logic term evaluation!)
2.4 Total function approach
Here, dc is a partial function (from finite bit sequences). If this is confusing or annoying, then we can choose a more Haskell-like approach, making dc a total function:
dc :: [Bit] -> Maybe CL
then, Chaitin's construction will be
where should denote false truth value.
3 Related concepts
4 To do
Writing a program in Haskell -- or in combinatory logic:-) -- which could help in making conjectures on combinatory logic-based Chaitin's constructions. It would make only approximations, in a similar way that most Mandelbrot plotting softwares work: it would ask for a maximum limit of iterations.
chaitin --computation=cl --coding=tromp --limit-of-iterations=5000 --digits=10 --decimal

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Solar vs Coal: Who Wins?
Posted by Max Dunn Wed, 02 Jan 2008 00:09:00 GMT
A new solar power plant just opened up at Nellis Air Force Base in southern Nevada [1]. Currently it is the largest solar photovoltaic system in North America with a capability of 14 megawatts (mW) of peak power, and producing about 25 million kilowatt-hours (kWh) of electricity per year [2].
However, it cost $100 million to build, which is about $7,000 per kilowatt (kW). This is a lot more than a coal-powered plants which costs about $3,000 per kW to build [3]. But since the sun is free and coal-powered plants have to pay for the coal, shouldn't this make up for the additional cost of solar systems?
It turns out, that it doesn't. To see why, let's look at the numbers.
A coal-fired power plant will cost about $3,000 per kW to build. The plant should last about 30 years and have a capacity factor of about 50% [6]. This means that each 1 kW of power capability will produce about 130,000 kilowatt hours (kWh) of energy over the life of the plant, which results in an amortization cost of $0.023 for each kWh of energy produced. For the fuel costs, one ton of coal costs about $50 [4] and will produce about 2500 kilowatt hours (kWh) [5] of electricity so the cost of coal is just $0.02 per kWh, for a total cost of $0.043 per kWh.
These numbers make sense since wholesale electricity is sold for about $0.05 per kWh.
Now let's look at the solar power. A tracking solar system will have a load capacity of approaching only 20% since the sun doesn't shine brightly all the time. So in addition to being more expensive to build, solar systems also turn out less energy than coal plants. This means that for each kW of power capacity a photovoltaic system has, it will produce about 50,000 kWh of energy over it's lifetime. Since it costs about $7,000 per kW of power for a photovoltaic system, it will cost $0.14 per kWh for the system.
So even though a solar photovoltaic system gets free energy from the sun, it still costs about $0.14 per kWh of energy produced versus $0.05 for coal-fired power plants.
Eventually, solar photovoltaic plants should be competitive with coal [7], but we are not there yet.
Posted in | 5 comments
 1. J.R. said about 1 hour later:
 Very interesting analysis. Here's a slightly different calculation, however. If the solar plant generates 30M kWh/yr (from your footnote 1) and lasts for 40 years (my #), then it will produce 1200M kWh over it's lifetime. Since it cost $100M to build, isn't that 12kWhr per dollar, or $0.083/kWh? That's pretty damn close to the cost of coal! Now consider the cost of exhaust scrubbers and labor costs to run a coal plant. Solar's a pretty clear winner now don't you think?
 2. Max Dunn said about 1 hour later:
 I was using 25M kWh/yr (as from reference #2) and rounded up, which accounts for part of the difference in our costs for solar power. However, the biggest difference is that I used a 30-year lifetime while you used a 40-year lifetime. Do you have any references to support a 40-year lifetime for solar panels?
 3. Max Dunn said about 1 hour later:
 If coal had to cleanup its emissions, it would likely double the cost of its power. Then solar would have a much better chance of being able to compete. However, telling almost everyone in the world (including everyone in the Third World) that they are going to pay double for electricity probably wouldn't go over very well.
 4. Max Dunn said 112 days later:
 Another way of looking at this is that solar only needs to come down to $2,500 per kW in order to be competitive with coal. Since some thin-film solar cells are approaching $1,000kW, it shouldn't be long before complete solar plants will be cheaper than coal.
 5. Gary Keene said 1207 days later:
 The U.S. government subsidizes the coal industry for billions of dollars per year. Elsewhere I have read that if coal subsidies were ended, than solar power costs would be on par with coal power costs. Have you included or excluded government subsidies in your cost calculations?
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Focus Areas of Statewide Significance
What are Beginning with Habitat Focus Areas?
Beginning with Habitat (BwH) Focus Areas are natural areas of statewide ecological significance that contain unusually rich concentrations of at-risk species and habitats. These areas, identified by biologists from the Maine Natural Areas Program (MNAP), Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife (MDIFW), Maine Department of Marine Resources (DMR), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), The Nature Conservancy (TNC), Maine Audubon, and Maine Coast Heritage Trust (MCHT), support rare plants, animals, and natural communities, high quality common natural communities; significant wildlife habitats; and their intersections with large blocks of undeveloped habitat. BwH Focus Area boundaries are drawn based on the species and natural communities that occur within them and the supporting landscape conditions that contribute to the long-term viability of the species, habitats, and community types.
One or more of the following must be present before an area is considered a Candidate Focus Area (in most cases, two or more are present):
- Globally rare plant or animal
- 3 or more healthy populations of a rare plant species
- Any healthy population of a rare animal species
- Rare natural community
- Excellent example of a common natural community
- Good example of a common natural community and one or more high value wildlife habitats
- Large undeveloped block and at least one of the following: a good example of a common natural community OR high value wildlife habitat OR two or more healthy populations of a rare plant species
To date, collaborative efforts by state, federal, and conservation organization biologists have resulted in the designation of 140 Focus Areas (link to map) of statewide ecological significance. For a list of Beginning with Habitat Focus Areas and to find fact sheets about each area, visit the Focus Area Description website.
Why Designate Focus Areas?
It is hoped that the mapping of a BwH Focus Area will help to build regional awareness, and draw attention to the exceptional natural landscape conditions that result in a convergence of multiple resource occurrences. The resulting appreciation of these truly special places can then provide momentum to municipalities, land trusts, and regional initiatives focused on strategic approaches to conservation.
Are Other Areas Insignificant?
Areas that rise to the level of statewide ecological significance may not occur within the jurisdiction of every land trust or within the boundaries of every town. Strategic conservation planning is important at all levels and can be pursued to identify areas of local or regional significance as well. Although the frame of reference of BwH efforts has been a comprehensive analysis of Maine's organized territories, the criteria used in designating focus areas can be easily adapted to the local or regional perspective. BwH maps such as Map 2 (High Value Plant and Animal Habitats) and Map 3 (Undeveloped Habitat Blocks) offer a good starting point to identify unique locations rich in significant habitat feature convergence that can then be designated as local focus areas that serve as a starting point for developing your town's or land trusts conservation blueprint.
Strategies for Local Action:
- Incorporate Focus Areas into long-term plans for conservation. Towns and land trusts can work together on comprehensive and open space plans and capitalize on opportunities where goals coincide
- Identify property owners whose lands host significant natural features and investigate conservation options ranging from voluntary actions to fee purchase
- Become familiar with the rare plants, animals, and habitats and learn better how to manage them for long-term preservation
- Educate landowners and the general public about significant natural areas and create support for local conservation initiatives
- Cooperate with neighboring landowners and jurisdictions
- Incorporate Focus Areas in grant applications
- Work with state agencies to garner support for projects


Exhibitors & Products
Event Search
What is the name of your program?
Industry 4.Now
What problem does your program solve?
Global supply chains are highly complex networked economies. Therefore, companies require agility and speed to react to disruptions and to build resilient supply chains. The holistic Industry 4.Now approach tackles each process step within your supply chain to help increasing agility, productivity, connectivity, and sustainability.
What are the program's main benefit for the customer?
 - Harmonized planning across the supply chain
 - Higher automation rate to increase productivity
 - Connecting businesses for better collaboration
 - Reducing carbon emissions, increasing occupational health and safety by fostering circular economy and a sustainable supply chain
 - How can it contribute to industrial transformation?
 - Sense, predict, and respond to insulate from disruption
 - Efficiently meet markets requirements with highly volatile demand/supply
 - Collaborate and provide visibility across company borders
 - Foster ethically sourced products with zero waste and carbon neutral processes


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We are pleased to announce the new major releases of PLAXIS 2D, PLAXIS 3D, and PLAXIS Monopile Designer CONNECT Edition Version 22.00 as well the update pack PLAXIS LE CONNECT Edtion V21.04. The section below will highlight the notable changes and advantages that these releases will bring to our users.
PLAXIS V22 brings a major overhaul to the data structure of the material database and a more flexible and more robust way of handling project units. Due to these major changes, PLAXIS V22 will be installed alongside PLAXIS V21, instead of overwriting it. We have also taken precautions to prevent overwriting old projects: when opening, for example, V21 projects with PLAXIS V22, projects will automatically be saved as a converted copy with the _converted suffix. After the conversion, remeshing and recalculation are required. In this case, the original V21 project will remain unchanged. For V21 projects that only have their geometry and/or some material sets defined and are not calculated or meshed, these projects will be opened by V22 without converting to a saved copy. This means that in this case, once you save the project with V22, the original V21 project data is overwritten and saved with the new material database structure. It can then no longer be opened in V21.
For projects that include design approaches, during the conversion process from V21 to V22, all the defined design approaches and the material factors, as well as assignment of design approaches in the staged construction are converted, however the assignment of the material factor labels to the material models parameters are not carried over and therefore the user will need to re-assign these material factor labels.
Note that these converted projects are stored in the file format for PLAXIS V22, this means that earlier versions of PLAXIS will not be able to open the converted project files. To continue using V21, users can just open the original V21 project.
The major overhaul of the data structure of the material database brings the user better command line support, a side-panel warning and error system, and richer editing experience. When editing or inputting any of the material model parameters in the GUI, the PLAXIS software will now issue individual commands. This gives users traceability and leads to more easily understanding the command structure and objects names when considering automation using e.g. Python scripting.
In previous releases, PLAXIS would always warn or give errors about incorrect parameter ranges, or ratios between parameters when closing a material dataset and prevented exiting the dataset window until all errors were resolved. These warnings and errors are now part of the new side-panel warning and error system. By default, the warnings are collapsed and may be ignored by more advanced users. When expanding the side-panel warnings by clicking the "Show full feedback" link, it will show all the errors, warnings, and hints for the material dataset. Errors will gradually disappear as the user fills in the parameters, and these errors will only remain if there are true issues with the user's input.
This new side panel warning system also enables users to close a material set even if it has errors. The local and global material databases will give a visual clue that a material set is invalid. Of course, the pre-calculation checks done by PLAXIS will still prevent the user to calculate with invalid material sets.
For more information on some of these changes, see:
Creep is a common feature that occurs in rocks, for example, rock salt. Creep becomes an important factor in deformation and stress redistribution when considering the timescale of deep underground structures, like gas caverns or radioactive waste disposal sites that are designed to last hundreds of years. The pre-existing N2PC model based on Norton's model for steady-state creep was introduced in 2018 and offered users capabilities to reproduce the basic features of creep in primarily rock salt, like temperature (2D only) and stress-dependent creep rates, 2 creep regimes, etc. This original model did not have a plastic failure mechanism, so based on user feedback we included such a failure mechanism to extend the model capabilities and uses. With the N2PC-MCT model released in the CONNECT Edition V22, we extend the original model with a Mohr-Coulomb and Tension cut-off failure surface (hence MCT). This extension allows the model to now not only perform accurate deformation analysis but also failure analysis, considering the time-dependent behavior of rocks at time scales spanning ten to hundreds of years.
For more info and background, see UDSM: N2PC-Salt and N2PC-MCT.
Rock is not a homogeneous material: the presence of faults, fractures, joints, and weakness planes influence the mechanical behaviour, often more than the properties of the rock material itself. In PLAXIS, constitutive models such as Jointed Rock and Hoek-Brown capture the behavior of small, smeared discontinuities, while the larger explicit discontinuities have traditionally been modelled through Interface elements. The new Discontinuity elements, introduced for PLAXIS 2D in Version 22, enable a simpler modelling workflow. Discontinuity elements simulate the localized effects of discontinuities in rock, including opening/closing and sliding. Discontinuities decouple the nodes in the mesh, enabling the relative displacement between the two faces of the opening, which are linked by a set of independent springs for which normal (kn) and shear (ks) stiffnesses can be specified. The mechanical properties of Discontinuities are defined through their own material sets, instead of depending on the surrounding material, which makes them easier to use and to port from project to project.
Read here on the comparison of the Jointed Rock model and these new Discontinuity elements: Modelling Rock mass using discrete discontinuities vs Jointed Rock
In today's complex and multidisciplinary infrastructure projects there is a growing need to shorten the iterative process between geotechnical and structural analysis teams and re-use readily available model data, rather than rely on the exchange of some linear and uncoupled spring values between these teams.
With Soil-structure interaction analysis using super-elements, PLAXIS can smoothly connect the numerous structural analysis load cases with the geotechnical analysis model at the soil-structure interface.
The initial structural analysis package that PLAXIS can interoperate with in this way is RAM Elements. From the RAM Elements analysis, special files can be generated from the run load cases, which are subsequently imported by the user into PLAXIS 3D as super elements. Once the super elements are imported the user can select these in the Model Explorer and create "structural models" out of them. Users will need to ensure the geotechnical model contains the structure's imprint (i.e. the structure's outer confines) to create the correct interface (size and location) between the soil and the structure, so that the super element is applied correctly. A created "structural model" is then activated by the user in a phase in the staged construction mode, to include the structure's contribution at the soil-structure interface in the calculation. Once the calculation is finished, each phase with an active "structural model" will generate a results file with more accurate or realistic reaction forces and displacements at the soil-structure interface, based on the soil's true non-linear response. The files and values therein can be used in RAM Elements as input for subsequent structural analysis.
The switch to full parametric geometry back in PLAXIS 3D 2016, allowed users to deal with progressively more complex geometry and a more optimized, accurate mesh representation of the model geometry. The switch also meant that the CAD import in PLAXIS 3D no longer supported triangulated surfaces or triangulated volumes for the *.DXF, *.STP and *. STEP formats. Triangulated topographic surfaces had to be converted into NURBS-surfaces by the user, usually with an intermediate step in CAD software, before importing them into PLAXIS 3D. Such a surface would lose its details depending on the degree of smoothing applied by users during conversion to a NURBS-surface. For sub-surface topography the smoothing might be acceptable and could even improve the analysis by smoothing out unnecessary details. For other cases, for example surfaces that have steep inclines like open pit mine geometries, this might not be desirable.
In Version 22, PLAXIS 3D directly deals with triangulated surface and sub-surface topography again, through the introduction of *.OBJ and *.STL import. The intermediate conversion step is eliminated which makes it easier for users to import triangulated surfaces coming from applications like MicroStation, PLAXIS Designer, or Leapfrog, while at the same time retaining the original details of the surface.
Once triangulated surfaces have been imported, they mesh in the same way as every other surface in PLAXIS considering manual or automatic refining and coarsening, while retaining the surface's original shape. Note that this functionality is currently available as a Technology Preview and cannot be guaranteed to work in all cases. One known limitation for this functionality is that geometry with very steep inclines over larger heights, will see some of those inclines to be smoothed out, like we could see with an open-pit mine geometry. In future versions of PLAXIS 3D, the robustness of this new functionality will be improved (including honoring steep inclines in the geometry), also considering feedback from users trying this functionality.
In addition to offering triangulated surface import, users will now also get more informative messages when trying to import files into PLAXIS, hinting at probable causes and solutions for these errors. Warnings could be partially failed import, difference in units between the importable and the project, geometry


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The role of storytelling in website copywriting for travel websites
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When it comes to travel websites, storytelling plays a crucial role in engaging visitors and inspiring them to take action. Effective website copywriting goes beyond simply providing information about destinations and services. It creates a narrative that captivates the audience, evokes emotions, and ultimately drives conversions. In this article, we will explore the significance of storytelling in website copywriting for travel websites and how it can enhance the overall user experience.
The Power of Storytelling
Storytelling has been an integral part of human communication for centuries. It allows us to connect with others, share experiences, and convey complex ideas in a relatable manner. In the context of travel websites, storytelling helps create an emotional connection with potential travelers. By presenting captivating narratives, travel websites can transport users to different destinations, igniting their curiosity and desire to explore.
Creating an Emotional Connection
One of the main goals of a travel website is to evoke emotions and inspire visitors to take action. Whether it's booking a trip, signing up for a newsletter, or exploring more content, storytelling can play a key role in driving these actions. By crafting compelling narratives that highlight the unique experiences and benefits of a destination, travel websites can create an emotional connection with their audience.
Engaging the Audience
In an era where attention spans are decreasing, it's crucial for travel websites to engage their audience from the moment they land on the page. Storytelling can help capture attention and keep visitors engaged throughout their journey on the website. By presenting information in a narrative format, travel websites can make content more memorable and enjoyable to consume.
Building Trust and Credibility
Trust is essential in the travel industry, as travelers often rely on the information provided by websites to make informed decisions. By incorporating storytelling into website copywriting, travel websites can build trust and credibility with their audience. Authentic and relatable stories can help establish a connection with users, making them more likely to trust the website's recommendations and offerings.
Creating a Unique Brand Identity
In a highly competitive market, it's important for travel websites to differentiate themselves from their competitors. Storytelling can be a powerful tool in creating a unique brand identity. By crafting narratives that reflect the values, mission, and personality of the website, travel businesses can stand out and attract a loyal customer base.
Optimizing for SEO
While storytelling is important, travel websites also need to ensure that their content is optimized for search engines. By incorporating relevant keywords and phrases throughout the website copy, travel businesses can improve their visibility in search engine results. This requires a careful balance between storytelling and SEO techniques, ensuring that the content is both engaging and discoverable.
Measuring Success with Website Analytics
Website analytics play a crucial role in understanding the effectiveness of website copywriting and storytelling. By using tools like Google Analytics, travel websites can track key metrics such as website traffic, user engagement, and conversion rates. This data can help businesses identify areas for improvement, refine their storytelling strategies, and optimize the overall user experience.
In conclusion, storytelling is a powerful tool in website copywriting for travel websites. It allows businesses to create an emotional connection with their audience, engage visitors, build trust, and differentiate themselves from competitors. By incorporating storytelling techniques into their website content, travel businesses can enhance the overall user experience, inspire action, and ultimately drive conversions.
The use of call-to-action buttons on a portfolio website to encourage visitor engagement
Centric is in the business of reshaping the future. Our groundbreaking solutions and visionary designs revolutionize industries, turning ideas into realities that captivate audiences and catapult brands to the forefront of their markets.


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- Four years ago, the ratio of the ages of Akansha and Banya was 5 : 9. 8 years hence the ratio will be 2 : 3 respectively. Find the present age of Banya?
40 years45 years48 years52 yearsNone of theseOption A
Let 4 years ago Akansha's age = 5x, Banya's age = 9x
Then 4+8 = 12 years after – (5x+12)/(9x+12) = 2/3
Solve, x = 4
Banya's present age = 9x+4 = 40
- Eight years ago, Akansha was 4 times as old as Banya. After 8 years Akansha will be twice as old as Banya. What are their ages respectively?
42 and 1840 and 1645 and 2050 and 25None of theseOption B
- Present age of Banya is twice that of Akansha. 4 years hence Banya's age will be 4 less than twice the age of Akansha. Find the difference in their ages?
8654Cannot be determinedOption E
Let Akansha's present age = x,
Then Banya's present age = 2x
After 4 years, (2x+4) = 2(x+4) – 4
0 = 0
- Brijesh is twice older than Caryl and Akash is 2 years older than Brijesh. If the total of all of their ages is 27, what will be total of the ages of Akash and Caryl 6 years hence?
25 years29 years28 years27 yearsNone of theseOption B
Let Caryl's present age = x,
then Brijesh's = 2x, and Akash's = 2x+2
Given: x+2x+(2x+2) = 27
Solve it, x = 5
Akash's present age = 2x+2 = 12
Caryl's present age = x = 5
6 years after Akash+Caryl)'s age = 12+5+6+6 = 29
- The ratio of the present ages of Akansha to Banya is 5 : 3. The ratio of Akansha's age 4 years ago to Banya's age 4 years hence is 1 : 1. What is the ratio of Akansha's age 4 years hence to Banya's age 4 years ago?
3:11:52:34:5None of theseOption A
Let Akansha's present age = 5x, and Banya's = 3x
Ratio of Akansha's age 4 years ago to Banya's age 4 years hence is 1 : 1. So
(5x-4)/(3x+4) = 1/1
Solve x = 4
So Akansha's present age = 20, and Banya's = 12
Required ratio = (20+4) : (12-4)
- Age of Akansha is three times the sum of ages of Brijesh and Caryl. 5 years hence, Akansha's age will be twice the sum of ages of Brijesh and Caryl. The total of their present ages is which of the following?
60 years55 years58 years62 yearsNone of theseOption A
Let (Brijesh+Caryl)'s present age= x
Then Akansha's present age = 3x
After 5 years, (3x+5) = 2*(x+5+5)
Solve, x = 15
Sum = x+3x = 4x = 60 years
- The sum of the age of mother and his daughter is 62 years. After 5 years, the age of mother will be five times that of the son. What is the age of the son?
7 years6 years8 yearsCannot be determinedNone of theseOption A
Son = 62-5(5-1)/5+1 = 62-20/6 = 42/6 = 7 years
- The sum of ages of Kashish and Sunita at present is 28 years more than the present age of Yash.The present age of Sunita is 6 years more than the age of Yash.What is the present age of Kashish?
22 years20 years25 years32 yearsNone of theseOption A
Sunita = Yash+6
Kashish+Sunita = Yash+28
Kashish+Yash+6 = Yash+28
Kashish = Yash+28-Yash-6
Kashish = 22 years
- Average age of a group of 32 candidates is 26 years. If a professor is included then the average age rises by 1 year,then the present age of professor is which of the following?
57 years59 years58 years60 years62 yearsOption B
- Sunita was thrice as old as Sarvesh 5 years back. Sunita will be 7/3 times as old as Sarvesh 5 years hence. How old is Sarvesh today?
26 years24 years28 years30 yearsNone of theseOption A
(7/3) * (X +10) = (3X + 10)
7(x+ 10) = 3(3x+ 10)
7x+70 = 9x+30
X = 20
Sarvesh Age = 20+6 = 26 years


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From Guild Wars Wiki
- Concise description
Touch Skill. Target foe kowtows before you and takes 80 damage.
Automatically equipped upon entry to Dragon Arena.
- This skill knocks down the target.
- This skill activates faster than Dragon Blast, so it is useful at close distances.
- The word kowtow is a Chinese term that refers to kneeling and bowing so low that your head touches the ground.


Advanced Hole Inspection 341
"Advanced Hole Inspection" provides an overview of hole inspection using noncontact instruments. Holes that require a specific type of fit, either clearance, interference, or transition, also require a higher degree of accuracy. Noncontact hole inspection devices provide this, as well as an ability to measure fragile parts and high volumes of parts. These more sophisticated variable hole inspection devices include coordinate measuring machines, measuring microscopes, optical comparators, borescopes, laser systems, and air gages.
Job specifications, part dimensions, and feature size all determine which hole inspection device to use on holes requiring a certain fit. Choosing a tool without a high degree of accuracy could result in an out-of-tolerance hole passing inspection. After taking this class, users will be able to describe advanced methods for inspecting hole dimensions and geometric features in a lab setting.
Class Details
Class Name:
Advanced Hole Inspection 341
Number of Lessons:
Class Outline
 - Advanced Hole Inspection
 - Tolerances
 - Clearance and Interference Fit
 - Transition Fit
 - Noncontact Instruments
 - Inspection Facts
 - Borescopes
 - Air Gages
 - Inspecting with an Air Gage
 - Laser Systems
 - Hole Inspection Instruments
 - The Optical Comparator
 - Measuring Microscopes
 - The Coordinate Measuring Machine
 - CMM Hole Inspection
 - Advanced Hole Inspection Review
 - Explain the purpose of advanced hole inspection.
 - Identify methods of describing tolerance.
 - Explain the allowance for clearance and inference fits.
 - Explain the allowance for a transition fit.
 - Describe the characteristics of noncontact instruments.
 - Explain how to inspect holes using a borescope.
 - Explain how to inspect holes using an air gage.
 - Explain how to inspect holes using a laser system.
 - Explain how to inspect holes using an optical comparator.
 - Explain how to inspect holes using a measuring microscope.
 - Explain how to inspect holes using a coordinate measuring machine.
Job Roles
Vocabulary Term Definition
air gage A variable, noncontact instrument that uses pressurized air to pneumatically inspect a hole's inside diameter. Air gages are best for measuring features with tight tolerances.
allowance The difference between the smallest permissible hole and the largest permissible shaft. An allowance creates a certain kind of fit between mating parts.
axial movement Movement that occurs along or parallel to the axis of a part. A clearance fit allows for axial and/or radial movement.
bilateral tolerances A tolerance method using an equal plus and minus deviation from the specified dimension. Bilateral tolerances are preferred if deviation in either direction risks exceeding the absolute limits and can be equal or unequal.
binocular For use with both eyes simultaneously. A binocular eyepiece consists of two eyepieces fitted together side by side through which the user views the magnified object being inspected.
bore gage A handheld mechanical or electronic contact variable measuring instrument that provides very accurate readings of hole sizes. A bore gage makes three points of contact within the hole.
borescope A variable, noncontact inspection instrument that uses light and magnification to optically inspect a hole's ID without taking dimensional measurements. A borescope inspects deep holes and cavities visually for flaws using a tube fitted with a lens at one end and an eyepiece through which an inspector can view the part.
clearance fit A fit that allows intentional space to exist between a hole and the shaft inserted into it. For a clearance fit, the shaft diameter is designed to be slightly smaller than the hole.
contact probes A type of probe that directly contacts the surface of the part it is measuring. Contact probes are the most common type of CMM probes.
continuous analog scanning CAS. A method of gathering coordinates that requires the stylus to stay in constant contact with the part's surface. CAS is especially useful for performing reverse engineering.
coordinate measuring machine CMM. A sophisticated measuring instrument with a flat polished table and a suspended probe that measures parts in three-dimensional space. CMMs operate using either contact or noncontact methods.
eyepiece The part of an instrument through which the inspector views the interior of the part. A borescope has either an eyepiece or a video screen through which an inspector examines the inside diameter of a hole.
fiber-optic cables A group of thin, flexible glass or plastic optical fibers that are bundled together in a single cable and used to transmit light. Borescopes often use fiber-optic cables to connect the eyepiece to the probe.
indicator A device that displays a measurement. An indicator may be a dial with a needle or a digital readout.
inside diameter ID. The interior surface of a cylindrical workpiece or round hole. A borescope visually inspects a hole's inside diameter.
interference fit A tight fit designed so that the smallest permissible shaft is larger than the largest permissible hole. Force is required to assemble parts with an interference fit.
laser probe A measuring device that uses a narrow beam of light to take measurements. On a CMM, the laser projects onto the part's surface, and a lens on the probe then reads the beam's position.
laser system A variable, noncontact inspection instrument that optically measures the distance between a light source and a hole's inside diameter. The laser system sends out a single light wave in a straight beam that is detected by sensors and converted into an electrical signal.
light wave The pulsation in space that transmits light energy. Laser light waves are a form of visible energy which is detected by sensors.
limit dimensions A tolerancing method using an absolute maximum and minimum allowable dimension. Limit dimensioning specifies a range of acceptable measurements instead of a target dimension.
measuring microscope A variable, noncontact inspection instrument that uses light and magnification to optically measure part features, such as holes. Also called a toolmaker's microscope, the measuring microscope is useful for inspecting smaller parts and features.
monocular For the use of only one eye. A monocular eyepiece consists of a single eyepiece through which the user views the magnified object being inspected.
noncontact probes A type of probe that measures a part without directly contacting the surface of the part. A laser probe is one type of noncontact probe.
optical comparator A sophisticated measuring instrument that projects an image of a part onto a screen to compare the shape, size, and location of its features to the original. Also called optical projectors, they can measure both surface and profile features of either the length and width of a part but not the depth.
out-of-round An irregularly shaped hole that is not totally round. Many out-of-round conditions are caused by lobing.
pneumatic instrument A device that uses a pressurized gas, such as air, to function. An air gage is an example of a pneumatic inspection tool.
probe A device on an inspection instrument that gathers measurement data from a part. On a borescope, the probe is the lens end that is inserted into the hole. On a CMM, the probe uses either contact or noncontact methods.
radial movement Movement that occurs perpendicular to the axis of a part. A clearance fit allows for axial and/or radial movement.
regulator A device that monitors the pressure level of the air in a pneumatic instrument. A regulator is one of the components in an air gage.
reticle A grid of lines displayed in the eyepiece of an optical instrument. A reticle is used to measure part features on a measuring microscope.
rotary laser A laser system that consists of a small revolving device attached to a probe which projects a light wave on the surface of the part being inspected. A computer then measures the distance between the center of the light source and the inside diameter surface.
software The programs and instructions that control the computer hardware functions and operations. Operators use software on a computer to calculate measurements on a CMM.
stylus A precision tip. On a CMM, the stylus is the spherical portion of the contact probe that is mounted on the shaft and makes contact with the part.
tolerance An unwanted but acceptable variation or deviation from a desired dimension of a part. A part within tolerances will meet specifications and pass inspection.
tolerance limits A boundary of allowable variation from a specified dimension. Each machining operation has a different expected range of tolerance limits.
touch trigger probe A type of contact probe that detects a feature on a part and generates an electronic signal to record its dimension. Touch trigger probes are the most accurate and commonly used probes on the CMM.
transition fit A fit with an allowance that permits both a clearance and an interference fit. For a transition fit, a clearance fit occurs with the smallest shaft diameter and the largest hole diameter, but an interference fit occurs with the largest shaft diameter and the smallest hole diameter.
unilateral tolerances A tolerancing method using a deviation in only one direction, either plus or minus, from the specified dimension. Unilateral tolerances are used if variation in only one direction risks exceeding the absoulte limits.
variable inspection A type of inspection that reveals the degree of variation from a given standard. Variable inspection gives the actual measurement of a part feature that can be compared with its specifications.
video probe A measuring device, also known as a vision probe, that takes a digital image of the part. The image is then broken up into tiny dots, which are measured and counted by the software.


text:
There are minor differences in the fire danger ratings between a few of the states (i.e. Victoria's Code Red and Tasmania's black for Catastrophic), however it is essential to be aware of the variation to your specific geographic region.
- The fire danger ratings system may be a excellent way to initiate class discussion about what each of the words in each category means.
- Students could be encouraged to colour in each of the sections in the appropriate colour and write each word in the section.
Further Information about the National Fire Danger Rating system can be found at the following links:
- Bureau of Meterology Fire Weather Warnings
- Victoria (CFA) About Fire Danger Ratings
- NSW (RFS) Fire Danger Ratings, Fire Danger Ratings Fact Sheet
- Queensland (RFSQ) Fire Danger Rating
- Tasmania (TFS) Fire Danger Ratings
- Western Australia (DFES) Fire Danger Ratings
- South Australia (SACFS) More About Fire Danger Ratings
- Australian Capital Territory (ESA) Fire Danger Ratings Information Sheet
- Northern Territory (NTFRS) Bushfire Danger Ratings


text:
Summary: During a routine conveyor inspection a deputy identified glowing embers and a small amount of smoke under a trunk conveyor. No naked flames were seen and a collapsed return roller was found to be the source of the heat. There was a small amount of fines below the collapsed roller, which had 500 mm clearance from the floor.
Recommendations to industry: Mine operators should review the:
- appropriate time frame for the defect management of belt rollers and for the removal of spillage along a conveyor
- consideration of belt roller life cycle through change management when conveyor speeds have increased.
There is an increasing trend in the number of fires on underground conveyors. Key issues identified include:
- the quality of inspections including inaccessible areas (eg behind guards, off walk side, etc)
- the use of fit-for-purpose rollers and idlers for the location
- roller management and the defect management system.


text:
Why does a whip make a cracking sound when someone whips it? --- Thomas, Englishtown, N.J.
Marshall Brain Answers:
That cracking sound you are hearing is a sonic boom. The tip of a long whip goes supersonic and makes the sound. The following video demonstrates how to make a whip and crack it:
Here is the tip in slow motion:
This article puts a finer point on it:
"A whip is specially crafted to accelerate a loop in its body to high speeds. The tapering of a whip makes a loop traveling along it speed up by a factor of ten. The lightweight free end allows an extra factor of two to three in speed. For realistic whips, the tip can reach speeds more than 30 times the initial speed," he said.
See also: Time Warp: Whip Through Soda Can


text:
tends to be greatest for regions with the smallest populations, since these generally have smaller sample sizes in the LFS. In April 2004, the civilian population of LFS regions varied from about 86,000 (for the Mersey Lyell Statistical Region Sector) to about 500,000 for the largest LFS region (the Inner Eastern Melbourne Statistical Region). It would be difficult to estimate the seasonal factors for many of the LFS regions due to the volatility of the data, so seasonally adjusted data are not available for LFS regions. The ABS does not currently produce trend data for LFS regions.
The level of volatility means that little weight should be given to short-term movements. However, the LFS estimates for regions can be used to give an indication of longer-term trends. There are some simple methods that can be used to reduce the volatility, however the methods do have some disadvantages. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods are discussed in detail in A Guide to Interpreting Time Series - Monitoring Trends (cat. no. 1349.0).
One method is to compare an estimate for a period with the estimate for the corresponding period of the previous year, using original estimates. This performs a crude seasonal adjustment, because the comparison of like months reduces the impact of seasonal effects, although it will not allow for evolving seasonality. This measure will still reflect the variability of the estimates, and calculating year apart growth will rarely detect the timing of turning points accurately.
An alternative is to use a 13-term symmetrical moving average. This is quite easy to calculate in a spreadsheet. The moving average smoothes the series, but it also reduces major peaks and troughs. Another disadvantage is that this method does not provide a result for the final six observations in a time series (as shown in graphs 1 and 2, below). Appropriate asymmetric moving averages could be used to calculate smoothed estimates for these observations.
The Inner Sydney Statistical Region is a mid-sized (in terms of population, rather than geographical area) LFS region in New South Wales. It has been chosen to illustrate some of the issues when using labour force estimates for LFS regions.
Graph 1 compares the estimates of employment for the Inner Sydney Statistical Region (SR) with a 13-term symmetrical average of that series. In order to minimise phase shift (where the turning points in the averaged series are moved away from the turning points in the input series), the value of each average is placed on the central observation (i.e. the seventh observation of the 13-term span). The average has been calculated by adding 1/24th of the first and thirteenth observations to 1/12th of the intervening 11 observations (i.e. the observations have differing weights). This is a crude trend procedure. Ideally, it should be applied to seasonally adjusted data, but these are not available for LFS regions. As a result, the trends in graphs 1 and 2 may not reflect the true underlying direction of the series.
Graph 1, Inner Sydney SR - Employed: Original
The number of employed people in the Inner Sydney SR (and other LFS regions) is much greater than the number of unemployed people. Within the results of a sample survey, the larger an estimate is, the smaller the relative standard error. Therefore, the relative standard error is much lower for estimates of employed people than it is for unemployed people.
The relative standard error for monthly estimates of employed people in the Inner Sydney SR varied between 4% and 5% over the period April 1999 to April 2004. During the same period, the relative standard error for estimates of unemployed people in the Inner Sydney SR varied from 14% (on the largest estimate of 13,100 unemployed people, in April 2002) to 23% (on the smallest estimate of 4,700 unemployed people, in June 1999).
Between April 1999 and April 2004, the 13-term symmetrical average estimates for the unemployment rate were lower for the Inner Sydney SR than for New South Wales as a whole (graph 2).
Graph 2, Inner Sydney SR and NSW - Unemployment rate: Original
The estimates for the Inner Sydney SR unemployment rate vary considerably from month to month. Between April 1999 and April 2004 the largest monthly change in the estimated unemployment rate for the Inner Sydney SR was between January 2001 and February 2001, when the estimated unemployment rate doubled, rising 2.7 percentage points, from 2.7% to 5.4%. In contrast, the change for New South Wales for this period was an increase of 0.7 percentage points, from 5.9% in January 2001 to 6.6% in February 2001.
The LFS is designed primarily to provide robust national, state and territory estimates of the civilian labour force. LFS estimates are produced for 77 regions. These estimates can vary considerably from month to month. The smaller the region, the smaller the estimates and the greater the influence of very small sample size. Caution is needed when interpreting estimates for regions. The focus should be on trends rather than month to month movements.
A number of datacubes containing information for LFS regions are available in Labour Force, Australia, Detailed Electronic Delivery (cat. no. 6291.0.55.001).
For further information on estimates for LFS regions, please contact the Assistant Director, Labour Force Estimates, on Canberra 02 6252 6565.
For email enquiries, please contact Client Services on _EMAIL_.
This page last updated 8 December 2006


decide to present the true, ultimate meaning of the darters, which is to say, they present the what, how and why of the darters by using the ultimate thinking paradigm. They use intuition to describe the darters in a way that the audience experiences them the way your counterpart was described experiencing the stranger in Central Park. The context of the darters is the environment, which is the river, but the river is what, how and why it is because of the environment through which it runs. And that environment is within another, and so on, until we find that the largest possible context for the isolated river darter is nature as a whole.
Nature is a context that includes everything. There is no context that can trump nature, at least not within the confines of our atmosphere. The darters, their river home, the proposed dam if it were built, the homes to be powered, and workers themselves regardless where they are or whether they work on the dam, all are contained within the context we call nature. The meaning of the darters as organic wholes that are totalities of qualities is established by the organic wholes that they participate in. As Sartre said of the lemon and its yellow, the darters are nature, and nature is the darters.
Of course, using reason, the shills for the one percenters would say, "Nature is not measurably diminished if we lose one type of river darter." With this statement, the shills for the one percenters have driven home your message, and driven the darters into the hearts of the people. Now it is no longer a debate about a few fish verses a thousand jobs that runs around in the halls of reason, where empathy is not allowed. It is a debate about killing something that people can empathize with, killing a piece of Mother Nature, killing the last of a creature that, like the 99%, is part of nature. Nature cannot exist unless all of it is allowed to thrive. Creatures cannot exist if nature is not allowed to thrive. What does a dam do in comparison to that?
I hesitate to mention this, but there is at least one person we all know who tends to appeal to the largest possible context as a way to communicate meaning. I hesitate because many, especially many of a particular political persuasion, will object and cry "foul." Please accept this example merely as an example of a person relying on the largest possible context to establish meaning that is true in an ultimate sense. I am not making a political statement or advocating support for a particular person. With these conditions in mind, I give you Barack Obama – the man – not the president.
I was alerted to Mr. Obama's use of the largest possible context to communicate meaning when I stumbled across excerpts from one of his speeches. It is his commencement speech at Notre Dame University, I believe from 2009. I found it on:
 "In short, we must find a way to live together as one human family.
 "Moreover, no one person, or religion, or nation can meet these challenges alone. Our very survival has never required greater cooperation and understanding among all people from all places than at this moment in history." (p. 2)
It's interesting. The Shawnee chief, Tecumseh, used the same meaning – displayed in the same context – to form a confederation of tribes in informal conflict with each other. If the greedy self-interest of his brother, Lowawluwaysica, had not been so excessive, resulting in catastrophe to the confederation, we might all be speaking Shawnee today. And if Tecumseh was still around to lead us, that would be a very good thing. Many of the issues that have brought you out would not exist.
I put aside another speech demonstrating more clearly Mr. Obama's use of the largest possible context, with the aim of including all conflicting contexts within it as a way of finding meaning that was true in an ultimate sense (which should satisfy all those involved on all sides, but under the current thinking paradigm, not yet), rather than using the standard method of playing steal the bacon for pieces in a compromise (which operates on the basis of cutting things up so you get a little and I get a little, and we both lose a little, and the whole is destroyed).
Since I cannot locate it, I'll turn to one of the heavy hitters, David Broder. Mr. Broder's remarks are from Monday, December 14, 2009, The Norman Transcript, p. A 4, "What Obama's Words tell us." I hope to present Mr. Broder's remarks while keeping them apolitical. As with our visit with Adam and Eve, we are only interested in the thinking.
 "The striking thing is the consistency with which he (Mr. Obama) places concrete actions into the broadest historical or philosophical setting, and how much he is influenced in his decision-making by the reach of his intellectual exercise." (Within the context of the blog, we would replace the word "setting" with the word "context." Bold emphasis mine)
 "But Obama insisted on placing his decision in its historical context – as a response to the instigators of the 9/11 attacks later overtaken by the war in Iraq – and then in its strategic context, as a central piece in the unfinished struggle to stabilize the vital Pakistan-Afganistan region. Seeing it in that light, it was perfectly clear why Obama had decided to defy the prevailing wishes of his own party and raise the stakes." (Bold emphasis mine)
For us to find the largest possible contexts for the social and environmental issues, unfortunately, requires some additional information. Nothing less than the two volumes that are staring at me in manuscript form will convey it. But here is something that may be helpful. I hope it will be enough. If not, there is always another day.
To combat the system, it seems obvious that you must be independent of it. The members of your movement who have been unable to find jobs must seek independence by becoming self-reliant. They can possibly improve their lot by adopting the ultimate thinking paradigm, with the aim of becoming tool masters, which requires the ability to use the ultimate thinking paradigm to connect to all potentials to learn and create. By following their natural curiosities, with the goal of finding and following meaning that is true wherever they are led, they may discover or create their own opportunities. From what I have heard flipping channels since his untimely passing, that is the process used by Steve Jobs (interesting name to have if you are a role model for finding work), cofounder of Apple.
A tool master using the ultimate thinking paradigm may not create a multi-million dollar enterprise, but she or he will see something no one else sees, and will be able to build on their vision. Unfortunately, this process doesn't put beans on the table immediately. It is heartening to read that your group functions, among other ways, as a giant support group. We know that "retraining" is a long process that doesn't bring income until a job comes along, but these days, there is no guarantee retraining will bring a job. So, what's to lose in trying to buck the system by becoming independent? With help, nothing. Without help, everything. When we bend to pull ourselves up by the bootstraps, we need a gentle hand to keep us steady.
Chronically unemployed individuals have a different problem, I believe. I would guess that many suffer from so-called learning disabilities. I say so-called because persons having problems with academic learning are probably using personal thinking paradigms that are predominantly intuitive, and they are not connected securely to their potentials for reason.
If you are not connected to your potentials for reason, you cannot succeed in school or in the job market. The process described in Prewired/Unplugged, Volume I, of readers developing a picture of thinking in general as an organic whole with a picture of their thinking as an organic whole suspended within it, would allow a person without analytical skills to develop them by expanding their thinking so that they could connect to their potentials for reason. But it is likely someone would have to guide them through the process, and it would not be quick. Perhaps you can set up a program, in your spare time…it's my goal to continue working in the effort to help individuals connect to potentials to learn and to create, as soon as this blog takes flight.
When we excel using academic/scientific thinking, but sacrifice intuition in the process, we become valuable to the 1% as a tool pusher, but we also become vulnerable to them. If they do not provide a place for us at the banquet, we will starve. There is only one way to become invulnerable: adopt the new thinking paradigm that allows you to connect to all your learning and creating potentials, so that you can become a tool master, able to use the tools of the arts and sciences, technology and entrepreneurship.
We proceed by using free will (in spite of left hemisphere interpreters), and by allowing Being to be authentic, when we passively let Being follow our


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The common name for sedums is Stonecrop. There is a Stonecrop Nursery in eastern New York which was the first garden created by Frank Cabot. Frank created the Garden Conservancy, an organization which strives to preserve some of our exceptional gardens for posterity. Each year it also runs its Open Days Program which opens gardens to the public throughout the country. Frank Cabot went on to create Les Quatre Vents, an outstanding garden at his family home in Quebec.
There are two sedums which most gardeners grow; Sedum acre, a tiny low-growing
groundcover plant with bright yellow flowers. This is being used effectively in the Peace Garden in the plaza between the library and city hall.
The other is Autumn Joy which is in bloom now and will continue to provide color for
months to come. Some references say it requires full sun. Not so! I have it in three locations in my garden. I have several plants growing out of a south-facing wall. But there are tall oaks and maples to the south so that the only time it gets direct sun is in spring before the oaks leaf out. The rest of the year it is dappled light. Another plant is in the east-facing bed on top of my long stone wall where it gets only morning sun. The third plant is in my shrub-perennial border where it gets a bit of sun mid-day. Mine is the ordinary run-of-the-mill Autumn Joy, but there are several cultivars offered in nurseries. Among these are: Crimson, Iceberg, which has white flowers, Autumn Fire and Chocolate Drop, growing only eight inches tall with brown leaves and pink flowers.
There are two native sedums: Roseroot, Sedum rosa and Wild Stonecrop, Sedum ternatum. A third Wild Live-forever, Sedum teliphiodes, grows on cliffs and rocks in Pennsylvania and southward.


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NATHAN DE-ẒUẒITA, THE EXILARCH:
According to Joseph b. Ḥama (Shab. 56b), Nathan de-Ẓuẓita is to be identified with the exilarch 'Uḳban b. Nehemiah, Joseph's contemporary (first half of the 4th cent.), who was a contrite sinner. The Seder 'Olam Zuṭa, too, in the list of the exilarchs (recension A, Neubauer, "M. J. C." ii. 71), mentions an exilarch called "Nathan 'Uḳban (Nathan de-Ẓuẓita). Rashi (ad loc.) gives two explanations for the surname "Ẓuẓita," which means literally either "sparks" or "hair" (comp. Ezek. viii. 3). Rashi explains that in touching the angel who received his repentance Nathan 'Uḳban either emitted sparks, or the angel took him by the hair. In Sanh. 31b Rashi explains the nature of Nathan's sin and says that after Nathan's repentance a radiance was seen about his head: hence the name "de-Ẓuẓita." According to the geonim Ẓemaḥ and Saadia, Nathan 'Uḳban, when he was young, was wont to curl his hair, his surname "de-Ẓuẓita" being derived from that habit. Another interpretation is that fire would flash out from his ẓiẓit, so that nobody could stand near him.
As to the nature of Nathan 'Uḳban's sins and repentance see Rashi to Sanh. l.c. R. Aḥai of Shabḥa, in his "She'eltot" (sections "Wa'era" and "Ki Tissa"), tells almost the same story as Rashi, of a man who was called "Nathan de-Ẓuẓita," but without mentioning either that he was likewise called "'Uḳban" or that he was an exilarch. Further, this story is related by Nissim b. Jacob in his "Ma'aseh Nissim," at great length, Nathan being placed in the time of Akiba—that is, not later than the first third of the second century.
It may therefore be assumed either that there were two Nathan de-Ẓuẓitas, the second being identical with the exilarch 'Uḳban b. Nehemiah, or that Joseph b. Ḥama. (l.c.) must be understood as comparing 'Uḳban, in his repentance, to Nathan de-Ẓuẓita, who was much earlier and, perhaps, was not an exilarch. It is true that in the Seder 'Olam Zuṭa (l.c.) it is clearly affirmed that Nathan I. was called also "'Uḳban"; but in other details the three recensions of that work disagree with Joseph ben Hama, in that they leave it to be supposed that Nathan de-Ẓuẓita was the son of Anan and not of Nehemiah, and that they represent him asthe father of Huna, the exilarch, who lived in the time of Judah ha-Nasi I. The Seder 'Olam Zuṭa has in its list three exilarchs called "Nathan," the second being the grandson of the first, and the third the son of Abba b. Huna and father of Mar Zuṭra; it is the chronology of Nathan III. that coincides with that of 'Utḳban of Shab. 56b. It may be added that Rashi (to Sanh. l.c.) confuses Nathan de-Ẓuẓita 'Uḳban with Mar 'Uḳba, "ab bet din" in the time of Samuel, which time coincides with that of Nathan II. Lazarus (in the list of exilarchs in Brüll's "Jahrb." vol. x.) supposes that Nathan I. reigned from about 260 to about 270, and Nathan II. from 370 to about 400. See Exilarch.
- Heilprin, Seder ha-Dorot, ii.;
- Zacuto, Yuḥasin, ed. Filipowski, pp. 171 et seq.


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Forest tent caterpillars in Minnesota
The forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria, occurs throughout most of the United States and Canada wherever hardwood trees are found. It periodically infests aspen and many other tree species over large areas of northern Minnesota. The caterpillars are commonly, but mistakenly, called 'armyworms'. Groups of these caterpillars can defoliate trees, potentially injuring them. They are often considered a nuisance when they are found around human dwellings or on roads.
Life cycle and description
Forest tent caterpillar larvae emerge from egg masses in early to mid-May, about the same time aspen leaves begin to open. Caterpillars feed actively on aspen and other broadleaf trees for five to six weeks. Despite its name, the forest tent caterpillar does not make a true silken tent. However, the larvae do spin an inconspicuous silken mat where caterpillars congregate on the trunk and branches.
In June, older larvae become restless and move around trees and other vegetation to find food. Significant damage to nearby plants can occur at this time. Near the end of June, full-grown caterpillars wander from where they have been feeding to search for protected places to spin silky cocoons (to pupate). Full-grown caterpillars are about two inches long, mostly blue and black, with a row of white, footprint shaped markings on their backs, and many hairs along the edge of the body.
Adult moths emerge from cocoons about two weeks later in mid-July. These tan moths are nocturnal and are attracted to lights at night. Adults live for about five days. During this time they deposit 100 to 350 eggs in gray cylindrical masses surrounding small twigs. The eggs overwinter and larvae hatch from them during the next spring. There is only one generation per year.
In Minnesota, the number of forest tent caterpillars changes in relatively predictable cycles. At the beginning of this cycle, forest tent caterpillars can be difficult to find. Over a period of eight to thirteen years, their populations start to increase until they reach tremendously large numbers. These outbreaks usually last for about three to four years in Minnesota, although in southern areas of the United States outbreaks have been known to last as long as nine years.
Finally, natural controls, including cold or damp spring or early summer weather, starvation, and viral disease, can cause populations to crash to very low numbers. Populations are also significantly reduced by wasps and flies that parasitize eggs, larvae, and pupae. The most conspicuous of these parasitic insects is a large gray fly, Sarcophaga aldrichi, which is often a nuisance to humans. This fly is native to Minnesota. Their numbers increase in response to forest tent caterpillar outbreaks.
Forest tent caterpillars can defoliate a large number of broadleaf trees and plants. In Minnesota, quaking aspens, Populus tremuloides, are most frequently attacked. Other highly preferred tree species in Minnesota include balsam poplar, basswood, oaks, ashes, birches, alder, and fruit trees. When trees are defoliated, forest tent caterpillars may also damage other nearby plants. Damage has been found on vegetables, fruit trees and other small fruits, and nursery crops. This caterpillar rarely feeds on red maple and conifers, such as pine and spruce.
Trees that are fed upon by forest tent caterpillars are rarely killed by these insects because following complete defoliation, deciduous trees are able to produce another set of leaves during the same season. The main impact of forest tent caterpillar feeding on deciduous trees is a reduction in the rate of growth. Vigorously growing trees can tolerate up to two or even three consecutive years of heavy defoliation without suffering serious damage or mortality. If a prolonged defoliation cycle occurs, (four or more years), moderate to heavily defoliated trees may experience a reduction in growth, suffer branch dieback and could eventually be killed. A general rule of thumb is that complete defoliation can occur when an average of nineteen egg masses are found on an aspen tree that has a six inch diameter trunk at about four and half feet. When trees become stressed, such as during a drought, they are less tolerant of defoliation. A stressed tree can be injured or even killed in a much shorter time period than an unstressed tree. Protecting high value trees would be appropriate during forest tent caterpillar outbreaks when trees are under moisture stress.
When mature larvae wander to find a place to pupate, their search often takes them to nearby buildings and yards. They do not bite people or harm animals or property, but they can be very annoying when large numbers are found crawling or clustering on building walls, lawns, and sidewalks. They also become a nuisance when they build cocoons on the sides of buildings. These cocoons can be very difficult to remove. These activities are sometimes more upsetting to people than any feeding damage that they inflict on trees. When forest tent caterpillars cross roads and streets and are crushed, they can cause surfaces to be greasy and slippery.
The large gray parasitic fly, Sarcophaga aldrichi, often becomes very abundant during forest tent caterpillar outbreaks and is itself a nuisance. Known as the friendly fly, this native parasite lands on any object, including people. It is also sometimes referred to as the government fly because of the mistaken belief that a government agency has released it (however, this is a naturally occurring fly). This fly does not bite and is harmless but it moves very deliberately and often is difficult to discourage. This insect is very important for ending a forest tent caterpillar outbreak naturally. The most practical solution is to tolerate this beneficial insect until its numbers also naturally decline.
In the home landscape, simple physical procedures (mechanical control) by the homeowner can be carried out to help manage the forest tent caterpillar. One management procedure is to remove and destroy overwintering egg masses from branches of small trees before eggs start to hatch in the spring. Furthermore, caterpillars and cocoons can be brushed off houses, picnic tables, or decks with a stiff broom or brush or knocked down with a spray of water. Be careful not to crush too many caterpillars; they can smear and leave marks on some paints.
Another management tool available to the homeowner involves chemical treatment with insecticides. Insecticides should be sprayed when caterpillars are small and easy to manage. Larger larvae are more difficult to kill and can continue to heavily defoliate trees before some insecticides take effect. An effective larval insecticide is Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (also referred to as BT), a microbial insecticide derived from a bacterium. BT offers effective control and conserves beneficial insects. Other insecticides available to homeowners that conserve beneficial insects are insecticidal soap, spinosad (Conserve), and azadirachtin (Azatin). Additional insecticides available to homeowners include carbaryl (Sevin), malathion, acephate (Orthene), and permethrin. (See table.)
In addition to physical controls, an insecticide may give some relief from migrating larvae. Spray a product labeled for use around the outside of buildings (such as permethrin) on the exterior of homes. Use all insecticides carefully and judiciously. Do not overspray or repeat treatments more often than is allowed by the label.
Insecticide recommendations for homeowners and tree care professionals
Apply insecticides when larvae are small (1 inch or less), usually in early to mid-May
|Examples of insecticide trade names|
|Active ingredients||Class of insecticide||General use (available to public)||Commercial use|
Insecticides conserving beneficial insects
(parasitoids and predators)
|Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki||microbial||Dipel, Thuricide|
|fluvalinate||pyrethroid||Mavrik Aqua Flow|
Active ingredients are often listed in fine print so check the label carefully. Common examples of trade names are given strictly for convenience. Use of trade names does not imply endorsement.
Follow all label directions carefully. Be sure the insecticide is labeled for the plant that is intended to be treated. Insecticides should never be sprayed on surfaces which people routinely contact or on hard surfaces that can accelerate insecticide runoff into water.
The availability and recommended use of specific insecticides may change at any time. If suggestions in this publication differ from recommended uses on a label, the label is the final authority on how you may legally use that insecticide.
In wood lots, many animals, such as birds, rodents, and even bears, eat forest tent caterpillar larvae. People need to be more tolerant of these pests, unless defoliation is severe and prolonged enough to cause branch and tree mortality. In areas experiencing high levels of forest tent caterpillar defoliation for a number of years, aerial spraying of an insecticide may be considered as a management option.
In wood lots, resort areas, and campsites where a relatively large acreage may need treatment, application of the spray by aircraft is the most rapid, effective, and economical method. Spraying should not be conducted when breezes threaten to drift the insecticide over open water or other sensitive areas. When a recreational or residential area is sprayed, an additional strip about 400 feet wide adjacent to the area should also be treated. This barrier strip will serve to absorb migrating caterpillars.
As is the case in the home landscape, the insecticide BT is preferred since it does not harm people, birds, or beneficial insects and is generally considered first in aerial spray programs. Some insecticides are not registered for use by


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Historically, Albertans have elected governments with large majorities and kept them in power for a long time. This political tradition began during the first provincial election in 1905. Alberta's first premier, Alexander C. Rutherford and his Liberals took 22 of 25 seats. In 1979, the Progressive Conservatives won 74 out of 79 seats. After the 2012 provincial election, the Progressive Conservatives held 61 out of 87 seats.
The Liberal party formed the first government in Alberta from _PHONE_. The United Farmers of Alberta party overcame the Liberals in 1921 and stayed in power until 1935. The Social Credit Party formed the next provincial government for 35 years from _PHONE_. The Progressive Conservative party has been in government from 1971 to present.
How is government formed?
The province is divided into 87 constituencies, or ridings. Each riding has a number of candidates from different parties. The candidate in each riding that wins the highest number of votes in an election becomes the Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) for that riding. This person represents the constituency in the Legislative Assembly.
The leader of the political party with the most seats in the Legislative Assembly becomes the Premier of Alberta. The Premier and ministers form the government.
Elections and by-elections
By law, a provincial general election must be held every five years, though it can be held sooner. In a general election Albertans from across the province vote on who they want to represent them in the Legislative Assembly.
Sometimes a seat in the Legislative Assembly is vacated well before the next provincial election will be held. When this happens, a by-election is called. A by-election is an election held in one riding only. The winner of the by-election becomes the new MLA for that riding until the next general election.
How are laws made?
Laws are passed by MLAs. Laws are introduced as bills, and debated in the Legislative Assembly before being put to a vote. If the Assembly passes a bill, it goes to the Lieutenant Governor for Royal Assent, at which point it becomes law.
Alberta Facts - Governence
- Provincial Governance:
83 seat elected Legislative Assembly, executive power exercised by Cabinet and Premier
- Federal Representation:
26 Members of Parliament, 6 senators
- Representative of the Crown:
Lieutenant Governor, appointed by the Governor General, on the advice of the Prime Minister of Canada


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Each culture and nationality of the world has its own recipe for making bread, because different ingredients are used for its preparation. In the friendly company of bread known to us, you can safely add such products under the name – Tortilas, cheesecake and many others.
The word "bread" comes from the Greek "klebanos" – this is the name of the pots in which they baked bread. The very first plant for baking bread is oak, because its acorns were ground into flour. Then this flour was bred with water and baked bread on hot stones.
We will begin to familiarize ourselves with bread products from the warm countries of our planet. For the preparation of bread, a tree of the same name was used, for the preparation of which its fruits were used. To do this, they were laid for several days in a pit with walls covered with banana leaves. The fruit was incised and, under the influence of sunlight, they turned into a homogeneous mass similar to dough. They made bread like this in Australia, and some African tribes still use this recipe. Continue reading
Many are sure that the salad is just the decoration of the main dish. In fact, it is itself a full-fledged dish, and not just a handful of leaves on a plate with steak or in a bowl with pasta. Leafy green vegetables are well known as functional alkaline products: they restore the acid-base balance in the body, which, due to our lifestyle, constantly strives to shift to the "acid" side, which causes inflammation. Salads also act as prebiotics in the intestines. Prebiotics are non-digestible, high-fiber foods that stimulate the growth of probiotic bacteria. This is very important because probiotics in the gut strengthen the immune system and optimize the absorption of nutrients from food. But the benefits of leafy vegetables are not limited to this (which I never tire of writing about).
In general, I urge you to eat as many salads as possible! Take them as a complete dish, and my application with recipes Live up! for iOS and Android will help you cook different salads every day, so it won't be boring!
Here are ten tips for a perfect salad. Continue reading


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 - Little, Brown
 - Little, Brown
A Little Book of Latin for Gardeners
Peter Parker
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Gardening: plants
How did the delphinium get its name? Which parts of the body lend their names to auriculas and orchids? Who are the gentian, lobelia and heuchera named after? Why are nasturtiums and antirrhinums connected? What does an everlasting pea have to do with Indian miniature paintings?
These are some of the questions answered in Peter Parker's adventurous exploration of the mysteries of Botanical Latin.
Evolved over many centuries and often thought to belong to the rarefied world of scholars and scientists, this invented language is in fact a very useful tool for everyday gardening. It allows us to find our way around nurseries; it sorts out confusions when two plants have the same English name; and it gives us all kinds of information about how big or small a plant will grow, what shape or colour it will develop, and what habitat it prefers.
In his lively survey, Parker agues that Botanical Latin is not merely useful, but fun. The naming of plants draws upon geography, social and medical history, folklore, mythology, language, literature, the human body, the animal kingdom and all manner of ancient beliefs and superstitions.
The book, beautifully illustrated with old woodcuts, explains how and why plants have been named, includes handy lists of identifying adjectives, and takes the reader down some of the stranger byways of human endeavour and eccentricity.
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Peter Parker
Peter Parker was born in Herefordshire and now lives and gardens in London's East End. He is the author of two books about the First World War, The Old Lie and The Last Veteran, biographies of J. R. Ackerley and Christopher Isherwood, and Housman Country: Into the Heart of England. He has written about plants and gardens for HORTUS and the Daily Telegraph, and is a former Chair of the Royal Horticultural Society's Lindley Library Advisory Committee.
He can be found online at, and


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Can you work out how many apples there are in this fruit bowl if
you know what fraction there are?
Can you split each of the shapes below in half so that the two
parts are exactly the same?
Annie cut this numbered cake into 3 pieces with 3 cuts so that the
numbers on each piece added to the same total. Where were the cuts
and what fraction of the whole cake was each piece?
Use the lines on this figure to show how the square can be divided
into 2 halves, 3 thirds, 6 sixths and 9 ninths.
The discs for this game are kept in a flat square box with a square
hole for each disc. Use the information to find out how many discs
of each colour there are in the box.
On Saturday, Asha and Kishan's grandad took them to a Theme Park.
Use the information to work out how long were they in the theme
There are a number of coins on a table.
One quarter of the coins show heads.
If I turn over 2 coins, then one third show heads. How many coins are there altogether?
There are lots of ideas to explore in these sequences of ordered
Great Granddad is very proud of his telegram from the Queen
congratulating him on his hundredth birthday and he has friends who
are even older than he is... When was he born?
The number 3723(in base 10) is written as 123 in another base. What
is that base?
If you take two tests and get a marks out of a maximum b in the first and c marks out of d in the second, does the mediant (a+c)/(b+d)lie between the results for the two tests separately.
Find the missing angle between the two secants to the circle when
the two angles at the centre subtended by the arcs created by the
intersections of the secants and the circle are 50 and 120 degrees.


text:
Efforts to remedy existential anxiety and the sense of 'homelessness' permeating modern life invariably invoke ideas and practices swirling around dwelling and nostalgia. Geographies probing the materiality of loss and memory have elaborated and critiqued nostalgia in both regressive and progressive postures. We argue that amorphous and sensual qualities of nostalgia make it a propulsive force in dwelling. Moving beyond nostalgia as a representation of, or personal longing for, 'the past' or 'home', we engage historic practice as transpersonal, affective currents coursing through bodies, objects, and things. Nostalgia is an enchantment with distance that cannot be bridged. We explore nostalgic distance vis-a-vis practices in residential historic preservation in the Coronado district in Phoenix, Arizona. Practice, performance, and materiality of historic inhabitation illuminate nostalgic distance as an undertow in the making of historic sensibilities, subjectivities, and places. The elusiveness of nostalgia whispers enchantments, engendering attentiveness to what is near, to sensing closely. Nostalgic practice, performance, and materiality give rise to an everyday aesthetic of pastness, an embodied ethics of care rather than strict adherence to historic preservation codes and guidelines. We contribute to rethinking nostalgia and residential historic preservation as modes of sensing in which all bodies, objects, and things – human–nonhuman, animate–inanimate – have capacities to affect and to be affected.
- Residential historic preservation
- Sensual urbanism
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Geography, Planning and Development
- Cultural Studies
- Environmental Science (miscellaneous)


The d argument is an ordinary designator (e.g. (^ XCOMP) or sigma::^). The category's argument is a collection of atomic category labels enclosed in set-brackets. For example, the proposition
@(CAT (^ XCOMP) {NP' AP})
might be included in the English lexical entry for become to indicate that the XCOMP of become must correspond to some node labeled either NP' or AP. This would disallow strings like The girl became to go and The girl became in the park, even though the VP rule might allow VP', AP, NP', and PP all to be associated with the category-independent XCOMP function. If the XCOMP is assigned to the top of an ^=! head chain, then the constraint can also be stated in terms of just the lexical category labels:
@(CAT (^ XCOMP) {N A})
The CAT predicate is distributed to the elements of a set, so that this lexical specification for become would allow the mixed-category coordination John became a Republican and proud of it while the string John became a Republican and to go would be ruled out.
If only a single category is specified as the category's argument, the set-brackets may be omitted. Thus the proposition
@(CAT (^ XCOMP) V)
can appear in the lexical entry of verbs that take only verbal complements.
One advantage of a CAT specification over a VCOMP,... NCOMP arrangement is that a predicate such as consider that allows any kind of complement requires no marking at all instead of being four ways ambiguous.
d1 << d2
d1 >> d2
These propositions provide explicit grammatical access to the subsumption ordering of f-structures and other abstract structures. The subsumption ordering corresponds to a notion of information inclusion, in the sense that one structure (the subsumer) subsumes another if the second (the subsumee) contains at least the information found in the first. Thus, if d1 and d2 denote f-structures, d1 << d2 is true if and only if the structure denoted by the subsumee d2 contains all the attributes of the subsumer d1 structure, and on each of the common attributes, its value in d1 is either equal to or subsumes its value in d2. Subsumption provides for asymmetric propagation of information. If you assert that (^ OBJ NUM)=1 and (^ SUBJ)<<(^ OBJ), this does not establish a value for (^ SUBJ NUM): an existential constraint on the subject's number would not be satisfied. On the other hand, if you instead assert that (^ SUBJ NUM)=1 along with the subsumption, the number value will be propagated 'upwards' to the OBJ and would be inconsistent with any incompatible value independently asserted of the object's number. For convenience, d1 >> d2 is equivalent to d2 << d1.
If d1 and d2 denote sets, then d1 << d2 is true if and only if every element of d1 subsumes at least one element of d2. When the elements of both sets are simple symbols, d1 << d2 is equivalent to d2 contains d1. It also follows that if d1 and d2 both subsume some third set d3, then d3 contains d1 unioned with d2.
The explicit subsumption introduced by f1 << f2 is a little different from the implicit subsumption that is introduced when properties are automatically distributed from a set to its elements. For the purpose of set distribution, "properties" include constraining equations such as (^ TENSE) or (^ NUM)~=SG. Thus, ~(^ TENSE) on a set is satisfied if and only if ~(f TENSE) is true for all f $ ^. Explicit subsumption doesn't work this way. If f1 << f2, then ~(f1 TENSE) can be satisfied even if f2 has a TENSE (e.g the constraint doesn't get distributed to f2).
When displaying or printing unpacked f-structures, XLE checks whether a subsumee has the same content as its subsumer. If the defining constraints of the two f-structures are the same, then XLE makes the subsumee equal to the subsumer. Thus, a sentence like John wanted to arrive Monday and to leave Tuesday would have one f-structure with John as a PRED instead of three. If the defining constraints are different, then XLE does not make the subsumee equal to the subsumer. This can happen in a language where verbs assign quirky case, for instance. Sometimes the defining constraints are the same but the negative or sub-c constraints are different. To handle this case, XLE makes the subsumee equal to the subsumer unless sub-c and negated constraints are being displayed, in which case it displays separate f-structures for the subsumee and the subsumer.
Subsumption, particularly of reentrant structures, should be used with a degree of caution. When other propositions assert certain internal equalities in the subsumer, the f-description as a whole may be undecidable and XLE's sentence analysis procedure may not terminate. There have been proposals for restricted versions of subsumption that avoid the mathematical pitfalls, but the linguistic significance of these restrictions is not yet understood. Experience with the current relation in actual grammars may help to sharpen the issues and lead to theoretical refinements as well as improvements in XLE's implementation.
head precedence
f1 h f1
f1 h f2 means the same thing as f2 s f1
f1 s f2 at the same time. f2 >s f1 means the same thing as f1 s (^ OBJ). If you want the scoping relations to be determined by linear order, you can use the following constraints:
 { (^ SUBJ) s (^ OBJ)
| (^ SUBJ) ~s (^ SUBJ)}
This will have the effect of making the SUBJ outscope the OBJ when the SUBJ head-precedes the OBJ, and it will make the OBJ outscope the SUBJ otherwise.
surface adjunct scope
f1 $s f2
f1 $s f2 has the definition:
 f1 $ f2 and
for all x in the set f2, if x $s f2 and f1 s x.
The adjunct scope relations are useful for specifying relative surface scope within a set of adjuncts. They implicitly divide a set into three subsets of elements: the elements that were added using $s, and the elements that were added using $. The scope relations only apply within their own subset. For instance, the following rule will give left scope to the premodifiers and right scope to the postmodifiers, but will leave the premodifiers unscoped relative to the postmodifiers:
NP --> AP*:! $s (^ MODS);
AP*:! $s f2
f1 >s f3
f2 >s f3
f4 { N
| AP
N: (^ PRED ARG1