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Let $A,B\in M_{n}(\mathbb{R})$ so that $A>0, B>0$.
I need to prove that $\det (A+B)>\max (\det(A), \det(B))$.
I want to use Sylvester theorem of having a matrix $D$ so that $D=\operatorname{diag}(1,1,\ldots, 1,-1,-1, \ldots-1,0,0,\ldots,0)$.
Do I need to use it? How do I use it here?
Thank you.
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It means that A is symmetric and all it's eigenvalues is bigger than 0. – user6163 May 26 '11 at 12:27
2 Answers 2
up vote 1 down vote accepted
1) First prove your result when $A=I_n$ and $B$ is diagonal.
2) Next, use the theorem of diagonalisation of quadratic forms : If $A>0$ and $B$ is symmetric, then there exists $P$ invertible such that $P^{t}AP=I_n$ and $P^{t}BP$ is diagonal.
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Thank you for the comment, Can you extend 2? – user6163 May 26 '11 at 22:31
Have you learned the theorem which states that every quadratic form in an euclidian space has an orthonormal basis where its matrix is diagonal? It is linked to the sepctral theorem. Try to look at this (first paragraph after Properties) en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetric_matrix – user10676 May 27 '11 at 8:09
Yes, I learned that, I just can't understand what I do with that in this question. – user6163 May 27 '11 at 11:23
We begin by the case in which for example $B$ is diagonal, which diagonal coefficients $b_1,\ldots,b_n$. If we expand the determinant $\det(A+B)$ thank to multi-linearity, we will get a sum of $2^n$ determinants. One is $\det A$ (if we choose the column of $A$) an one is $\det B$. In the others, if we expand the determinant according to the column which correspond to column of $B$, we get the determinant of a matrix related to $A$. For example, if $1\leq i_1<\ldots0$ then $B$ must be symmetric? – Beni Bogosel May 26 '11 at 11:05
Your Answer


text:
Translation of stratum in Spanish:
noun plural -ta
- 1.1 (Archaeol, Geology)Example sentences
Example sentences1.2 (Biology)
- Carboniferous to Cretaceous strata are exposed in an extensive series of outcrops along the east coast of Greenland.
- The deposition of Palaeogene siliciclastic shelf strata in the Wessex Basin cannot be interpreted exclusively in terms of fluctuations in relative sea level.
- Additional control on the subsurface continuity of the strata is provided by seismic data.
Example sentences1.3 (Linguistics)
- Women, of all ages, education, and social strata love the gossip magazines!
- There is no question that the working class must strive to win the support of other classes and intermediate social strata in the struggle against global capitalism.
- The approaches of different countries, social strata and classes differ as well.
- Cody's hypothesis would require that an individual remains within a smaller stratum in the high-density layer than in the low-density layer.
- The decision to baptize chips under a thin liquid stratum will allow the making of circuits with features that measure the breadth of a virus.
- If a school refused to participate, they selected a replacement school within the same stratum.
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
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Here is a selection of useful words and phrases you will need in real-life situations while you're visiting Spain and other Spanish-speaking countries...
A portero is a superintendent in an apartment building who looks after it, keeps it clean, delivers mail, and keeps an eye on comings and goings. Porteros often have an apartment in the building as part of their pay. The portero, and particularly the female portera, are part of popular culture. They have a reputation for being inquisitive and fond of gossip.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
We work with national counterparts to develop comprehensive DDR strategies and programmes, thereby ensuring that:
- short-term security imperatives are addressed as an integral part of early recovery and immediate post-conflict peace-building; and
- job and livelihood opportunities lead to more sustainable reintegration by linking interventions into recovery and longer-term development programming. Although we provide comprehensive DDR support in non-peacekeeping mission environments, in peacekeeping contexts our primary role and comparative advantages lie in the area of reintegration.
Recognizing that reintegration is a multi-dimensional process, UNDP advocates for a coordinated approach to DDR support through the Inter Agency Working Group (IAWG) on DDR, which it chairs together with the UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO). The IAWG serves to bring together expertise from a total of 19 UN agencies, programmes and funds, including ILO, UNICEF, UN Women and UNFPA. Through the IAWG, UNDP also led the development of the United Nations Integrated DDR Standards (IDDRS) (_URL_).


Splunk® Enterprise
Distributed Search
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Configuration updates that the cluster replicates
The cluster automatically replicates certain runtime configuration changes that a user makes on one cluster member to all the other members.
Note: The cluster replicates configuration changes to all cluster members. The cluster's replication factor applies only to search artifact replication. See Choose the replication factor for the search head cluster.
The changes that the cluster replicates
These are the main types of configuration changes that the cluster replicates:
Replication operates under these constraints:
 - The cluster only replicates changes made at runtime, through specific configuration methods.
 - A whitelist determines the specific types of changes that the cluster replicates.
Configuration methods that trigger replication
The cluster replicates changes made through these methods:
 - Splunk Web
 - The Splunk CLI
 - The REST API
The cluster does not replicate any configuration changes that you make manually, such as direct edits to configuration files.
For example, if a user creates a saved search in Splunk Web on a cluster member, the cluster replicates that saved search to all cluster members. However, if you, as the administrator, add a saved search by directly editing the savedsearches.conf file on one cluster member, the cluster does not replicate that saved search to the other cluster members. You must use the deployer to push that saved search to all cluster members.
The replication white list
The cluster uses a whitelist to determine what changes to replicate. This whitelist is configured through the set of conf_replication_include attributes in the default version of server.conf, located in $SPLUNK_HOME/etc/system/default.
You can add or remove items from that list by editing the members' server.conf files under $SPLUNK_HOME/etc/system/local. If you change the whitelist, you must make the same changes on all cluster members.
For a comprehensive list of items in the whitelist, consult the default version of server.conf. This is the approximate set of whitelisted items:
The cluster replicates changes to all files underlying the whitelist items. In addition to configuration files themselves, this includes dashboard and nav XML, lookup table files, data model JSON files, and so on. The cluster also replicates permissions stored in *.meta files.
These are examples of the types of files replicated for various whitelist items:
# escape-hatch HTML views
conf_replication_include.html = true
# lookup table files
conf_replication_include.lookups = true
# manager XML
conf_replication_include.manager = true
# datamodel JSON files
conf_replication_include.models = true
# nav XML
conf_replication_include.nav = true
# view XML
conf_replication_include.views = true
Note: The cluster does not replicate user search history. This is reflected in the default server.conf file, which includes the line, conf_replication_include.history = false. Changing that value to "true" has no effect and does not cause the cluster to replicate search history.
The changes that the cluster ignores
The cluster ignores configuration changes for any items that are not on the whitelist. Examples include index-time settings, such as those that define data inputs or indexes.
In addition, the cluster only replicates changes that are made through Splunk Web, the Splunk CLI, or the REST API. If you directly edit a configuration file, the cluster does not replicate it. Instead, you must use the deployer to distribute the file to all cluster members.
The cluster also does not replicate newly installed or upgraded apps.
For information on how to distribute such configuration changes through the deployer, see Use the deployer to distribute apps and configuration updates.
Note: The deployer works in concert with cluster replication to migrate user (not app) configurations to the cluster members. The typical use case for this is to migrate user settings on an existing search head pool or standalone search head to the search head cluster. You put the user configurations that you want to migrate on the deployer. The deployer pushes them to the captain, which then replicates them to the other cluster members. For details, see User configurations.
How replication works
When a user makes a configuration change to a cluster member search head, the member saves the change to a file, or set of files, locally and also sends the change to the captain. Approximately every five seconds, each cluster member contacts the captain and pulls any changes that have arrived since the last time it pulled changes. Each cluster member then applies the changes locally.
For example, assume a user on one cluster member uses Splunk Web to create a new field extraction. Splunk Web saves the field extraction in local files on that member. The member then sends the file changes to the captain. When each cluster member next contacts the captain, it pulls the changes, along with any other recent changes, and applies them locally. Within a few seconds, all cluster members have the new field extraction.
Note: Files replicated and updated this way are semantically and functionally equivalent across the set of cluster members. The files might not be identical on all members, however. For example, depending on circumstances such as the order in which changes reach the captain, it is possible that an updated setting in props.conf could appear in different locations within the file on different members.
For details on the specifics of your cluster's configuration replication process, view the Search Head Clustering: Configuration Replication dashboard in the monitoring console. See Use the monitoring console to view search head cluster status and troubleshoot issues.
When replication happens
The purpose of replication is to keep search-related configurations in sync across all cluster members. To ensure this happens, replication occurs at various times, depending on the state of the member:
 - Each active cluster member contacts the captain every five seconds and pulls any changes that have arrived since the last time it pulled changes.
 - When a new member joins the cluster, it contacts the captain and downloads a tarball containing the current set of replicated configurations, including all changes that have been made over the life of the cluster. It applies the tarball locally.
 - When a member rejoins the cluster. First, follow the procedure outlined in Add a member that was previously removed from the cluster, cleaning the instance before you re-add it to the cluster. The member then contacts the captain and downloads the tarball, the same way that a new member does.
View replication status
The monitoring console contains a wealth of information about the status of configuration replication. See Use the monitoring console to view search head cluster status and troubleshoot issues.
To see when the members last pulled a set of configuration changes from the captain, run the splunk show shcluster-status command from any member:
splunk show shcluster-status
The output from this command includes, for each member, the field last_conf_replication. It indicates the last time that the member successfully pulled an updated set of configurations from the captain.
For general information on the command, see Show cluster status.
Replication synchronization issues
Under normal circumstances, the cluster continually replicates changes across all cluster members. Each member sends any changes to the captain, and the captain quickly replicates those changes to the other members. This process ensures that the members share a common baseline of configurations.
Certain conditions can cause a member's baseline to get out-of-sync with the captain's baseline, and thus with the other members's baseline. In particular, a member can be out-of-sync when recovering from a loss of connectivity with the cluster. To remediate this situation, the member must resync with the cluster.
How a recovering member resyncs with the cluster
When a member rejoins the cluster, it must resync its baseline with the captain's baseline. Until the process is complete, the member is considered to be out-of-sync with the cluster.
To resync its baseline, the member contacts the captain to request the set of intervening replicated changes. What happens next depends on whether the member and the captain still share a common commit in their replication change histories:
 - If the captain and the member share a common commit, the member automatically downloads the intervening changes from the captain and applies them to its pre-offline configuration. The member also pushes its intervening changes, if any, to the captain, which replicates them to the other members. In this way, the member resyncs its baseline with the captain's baseline.
 - If the captain and the member do not share a common commit, they cannot properly sync without manual intervention. To update the member's configuration, you must instruct the member to download the entire configuration tarball from the captain, as described in Perform a manual resync. The tarball overwrites the member's existing set of configurations, causing it to lose any local changes that occurred during the time that it was disconnected from the cluster.
Why a recovering member might need to resync manually
If the captain and the member do not share a common commit in their set of configuration changes, they cannot sync without manual intervention.
The members, including the captain, periodically purge older configuration changes from their change history. See Set replication history purging behavior.
If the recovering member has been disconnected from the cluster for so long that the cluster has purged some intervening change history, the recovering member will not share a common commit with the captain and therefore cannot apply the full set of intervening changes. Instead, the member must undergo a manual resync.
At the end of the manual resync process, the member once again shares a common baseline with the other members. In the process, the member loses any local changes made during the time that it was disconnected from the cluster. For this reason, a manual resync is also known as a "destructive resync."
See Handle failure of a search head cluster member.
A similar situation can occur if the


Investigation of the Effect of the Tortuous Pore Structure on Water Diffusion through a Polymer Film Using Lattice Boltzmann Simulations
Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift, 2015
Understanding how the pore structure influences the mass transport through a porous material is important in several applications, not the least in the design of polymer film coatings intended to control drug release. In this study, a polymer film made of ethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl cellulose was investigated. The 3D structure of the films was first experimentally characterized using confocal laser scanning microscopy data and then mathematically reconstructed for the whole film thickness. Lattice Boltzmann simulations were performed to compute the effective diffusion coefficient of water in the film and the results were compared to experimental data. The local porosities and pore sizes were also analyzed to determine how the properties of the internal film structure affect the water effective diffusion coefficient. The results show that the top part of the film has lower porosity, lower pore size, and lower connectivity, which results in a much lower effective diffusion coefficient in this part, largely determining the diffusion rate through the entire film. Furthermore, the local effective diffusion coefficients were not proportional to the local film porosity, indicating that the results cannot be explained by a single tortuosity factor. In summary, the proposed methodology of combining microscopy data, mass transport simulations, and pore space analysis can give valuable insights on how the film structure affects the mass transport through the film.
transport through a porous material
Lattice Boltzmann method
Tobias Gebäck
Chalmers, Matematiska vetenskaper, Matematik
SuMo Biomaterials
Göteborgs universitet
M. Marucci
AstraZeneca AB
SuMo Biomaterials
Catherine Boissier
AstraZeneca AB
Johan Arnehed
AstraZeneca AB
Alexey Geynts
Chalmers, Matematiska vetenskaper, Matematik
Göteborgs universitet
Journal of Physical Chemistry B
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Vol. 119 16 5220-5227
Fysikalisk kemi
Mer information
Senast uppdaterat


Volume 14, Issue 2
 - ISSN 0929-9971
 - E-ISSN: _PHONE_
Buy:$35.00 + Taxes
Terminology as a set of concept carriers crystallizes our special knowledge about a subject. Automatic term recognition (ATR) plays a critical role in the processing and management of various kinds of information, knowledge and documents, e.g., knowledge acquisition via text mining. Measuring termhood properly is one of the core issues involved in ATR. This article presents a novel approach to termhood measurement for mono-word terms via corpus comparison, which quantifies the termhood of a term candidate as its rank difference in a domain and a background corpus. Our ATR experiments to identify legal terms in Hong Kong (HK) legal texts with the British National Corpus (BNC) as background corpus provide evidence to confirm the validity and effectiveness of this approach. Without any prior knowledge and ad hoc heuristics, it achieves a precision of 97.0% on the top 1000 candidates and a precision of 96.1% on the top 10% candidates that are most highly ranked by the termhood measure, illustrating a state-of-the-art performance on mono-word ATR in the field.
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Hobbit cretin FAQ
7 minute read
It's all over the news this week: Australian researchers Peter Obendorf, Charles Oxnard, and Ben Kefford claim that the Homo floresiensis skeleton LB 1 belonged to an individiual suffering from congenital hypothyroidism, or cretinism. The disorder has a number of developmental and skeletal effects, including short stature, and they run through a list of LB 1's characters that appear to match the disorder.
Needless to say, others disagree. So here is my take:
Is LB 1 a cretin?
The authors of this research provide a list of characters of the fossil that are consistent with the diagnosis of cretinism. Some of them are interesting, in that they have not previously been connected to any pathology. But the most important observation is simply wrong. With that falls the hypothesis.
Is the pituitary fossa of LB 1 large?
The diagnosis of cretinism would be most strongly supported by the authors' claim that LB 1 has a large pituitary fossa.
If you haven't learned this lesson yet, take note: If Ralph Holloway and Dean Falk agree on an anatomical observation, then it is correct.
The two have been interviewed in a number of the press articles. My favorite comes from Kate Wong, where both Holloway and Falk give long statements. These are really too long for me to block quote, so go read them. But I'll take one sentence from each:
Now that we've reexamimined the CT images, we can tell
you that there is absolutely no way that the length of the pituitary fossa could be 12.9 mm.
...the pituitary fossa on my endocast is, to my mind, tiny, and I don't get much more than about 6 mm in dimensions, either [anterior-posteriorly] or in breadth, so I don't understand where they have data to make such a claim.
That's the end of this story.
How did the paper get that so wrong? I mean, didn't they just measure it?
They took the images of CT scans presented in the supplementary data to Falk and colleagues' 2005 paper on the LB1 endocast, blew them up, and attempted to measure the length of the pituitary that way. To understand where they went wrong, I did the same thing. Here's the picture, blown up:
LB1 endocast, basal view
Supplementary Figure 2e from Falk et al. 2005, focusing on LB1
An estimate of 12.9 mm is wrong on many levels. For one thing, how many significant digits do you think you could get out of that figure? The blown-up version is clearly very pixelated. That by itself might not be so bad -- after all, a medical CT begins with limited resolution anyway -- but in this case there is no clear way to identify the borders of the pituitary fossa. We might well do better with the endocast itself, or with the ability to rotate and relight the CT image, because we could explore the contours more thoroughly. Here all we have is a computerized rendering of the surface in which our recognition of the detail depends entirely on the simulated lighting.
This is where they went wrong. No replicable estimate is possible from that rendering, but they went with one anyway.
But everyone knows that you can never do any real research using photographs. You must examine the original specimens!
In my opinion, that would be exactly the wrong conclusion to draw from this case. The problem was not that they attempted a new measurement on a photograph; it was that this rendering is not a photo, and does not provide sufficient information for such a measurement.
In some cases, a well-resolved photograph can give better basis for a measurement or comparison. In almost all cases, a research article accompanied with original photos will allow experts to assess the accuracy of claims and replicate the observations. Making work as easily replicable as possible should be the goal of every good scientist.
It doesn't help to read things like this, from the Rex Dalton article in Nature:
[Peter] Brown is critical of the cretin theory. "I am the only person on the planet to have seen what's left of the pituitary fossa," he declares. "It is very poorly preserved and not capable of meaningful measurement."
Happily, in this case independent experts have access to the scans and can tell us what they look like. On the other hand, if I were sitting on scans like these, with people publishing critical articles every couple of months, you can bet I would put them on an FTP site and let everybody have them. Three quarters of the problems would immediately vanish, because people could refute their own hypotheses before they went anywhere, and reviewers could work from the best information also.
The remaining quarter of the problems would at least be interesting!
Oh, now that can't be the most boorish of the comments in the press. I mean, after all, this is the hobbit!
Well, let's see....from The Australian:
The [cretinism] notion's been ignored for good reason, said evolutionary anatomist and paleoanthropologist William Jungers of Stony Brook University in New York state.
"The cretin and hobbit (body types) exhibit virtually no similarities except for short stature. That is, they're both short. End of story," said Professor Jungers who has studied the hobbit remains first-hand.
Or, this one, from the same article:
Ha, ha, ha! Here's Groves again, in The Guardian:
"I regret to say that this paper cannot be regarded as a contribution to our understanding of the Flores hominin," said Prof Colin Groves, a bioanthropologist at the Australian National University, Canberra. "Many of the claims lack evidence (ie they are sheer speculation), some even fly in the face of the evidence. I am very sorry indeed to see serious scientists involved in such a travesty."
Remind me never to sit in a pub with Colin Groves!
Then there's this piece of legal news:
Ooops....wrong hobbit....
Is there anything salvageable out of this?
Well, they wrap up a number of the skeletal features of LB 1 into their cretinism hypothesis. My personal opinion is that you have to start by explaining the brain size, and cretinism doesn't. None of their comparative sample of European cretin specimens has a brain size smaller than 1000 g. The paper claims that these would "scale with height" down to 700 g, but that is just a projection outside the data's range based on the regression.
Without an explanation for the brain size, and without any unique character to confirm the cretinism hypothesis (like the pituitary size), they have to resort to a list of the known problematic characters of LB 1, such as the Tomes root, the humeral torsion, the relatively large foot and broad diaphyseal breadths. But these match other pathological explanations as well -- most of them were cited in the Laron syndrome paper, for example.
To the extent that these features are "developmental abnormalities," they may be explained by any number of conditions. It's possible that they may have resulted from a unique evolutionary history, either as side effects of other adaptive changes in a small population, or as fixed deleterious variants.
The multivariate analysis of the skull measurements is not convincing. Of course, it is extraordinarily rare for me to find a multivariate comparison convincing about anything.
Dalton R. 2008. Hobbit was 'a cretin.' Nature 452:12. doi:10.1038/news.2008.643
Culotta E. 2008. Were the Flores hobbits really cretins? ScienceNOW March 5, 2008. Full text
Obendorf PJ, Oxnard CE, Kefford BJ. 2008. Are the small human-like fossils found on Flores human endemic cretins? Proc Roy Soc Lond B (early) doi:10.1098/rspb.2007.1488a>


chirality axis
An axis about which a set of _USER_@ is held so that it results in a spatial arrangement which is not superposable on its mirror image. For example with an allene abC=C=Ccd the _USER_@ axis is defined by the C=C=C bonds; and with an ortho-substituted biphenyl the atoms C-1, C-1', C-4 and C-4' lie on the _USER_@ axis.
PAC, 1996, 68, 2193. (Basic terminology of stereochemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 1996)) on page 2203 [Terms] [Paper]


text:
Science Fair Project Encyclopedia
Avro Lancaster, England, 2002
|Crew||7—pilot, flight engineer, navigator, bomb aimer, wireless operator, mid-, upper and rear gunners|
|First flight||January 9, 1941.|
|Length||69 ft 5 in||21.18 m|
|Wingspan||102 ft||31.09 m|
|Height||ft in||5.97 m|
|Wing area||ft²||120.8 m²|
|Loaded||63,000 lb||28,636 kg|
|Engines||4 Rolls-Royce Merlin XX piston engines|
|Power||1,280 hp||954 kW|
|Maximum speed||280 mph at 15,000 ft||448 km/h at 5,600 m|
|Combat range||2,700 miles with minimal bomb load||4,320 km with minimal bomb load|
|Service ceiling||23,500 ft||8,160 m|
|Rate of climb||ft/min||m/min|
|Guns||8 x Browning 0.303 in (7.62 mm) machine-guns in three turrets|
|Bombs||normal 14,000 lb (6,350 kg)|
special versions 22,000 lb (10,000 kg)
The Avro Lancaster was a four-engined World War II bomber aircraft made initially by Avro for the Royal Air Force. First used in 1942, together with the Handley-Page Halifax it was the main heavy bomber of the RAF, the Royal Canadian Air Force, and squadrons from other Commonwealth and European countries serving with RAF Bomber Command. The Lancaster was primarily a night-time bomber; unlike the Halifax, it was not used during the war for duties other than bombing.
The original design was for a twin-engined heavy bomber powered by Rolls-Royce Vulture engines. The resulting aircraft was the Avro Manchester, which proved a disappointment due to the unreliability of the Vulture. It was withdrawn from service in 1942 with only 200 aircraft built.
The chief designer of A. V. Roe, Roy Chadwick, switched to a design using four of the more reliable Rolls-Royce Merlin engines which resulted in an aircraft initially designated the Type 683 Manchester III. Renamed the Lancaster, it made its first test flight on January 9, 1941, and proved to be a great improvement on the Manchester. Most of the original Manchesters were rebuilt as Lancasters.
The majority of Lancasters during the war years were manufactured by Metropolitan-Vickers, Armstrong Whitworth and A.V. Roe. The Avro was also produced at the Austin motor works in Longbridge later in World War II. Only 300 of the Mk II with Bristol Hercules engines were made. The Mk III had newer Merlin engines but was otherwise identical to earlier versions; 3030 Mk IIIs were built, almost all at A.V. Roe's Newton Heath factory. Of later versions only the Canadian-built Mk X was produced in any numbers, built by Victory Aircraft in Malton, Ontario. 430 of this type were built. They differed little from earlier versions, except for using Packard-built Merlin engines and having a differently configured mid-upper turret. 7,377 Lancasters of all marks were built over the war; a 1943 Lancaster cost £45-50,000.
Lancasters from Bomber Command were to have formed the backbone of Tiger Force, the Commonwealth bomber contingent scheduled to take part in Operation Downfall, the codename for the planned invasion of Japan in late 1945, from bases on Okinawa.
In 1942-45, Lancasters flew 156,000 operations and dropped 608,612 tons of bombs. 3,249 Lancasters were lost in action. Only 35 Lancasters completed more than 100 successful operations. The greatest survivor completed 139 operations and survived the war, to be scrapped in 1947.
An important feature of the Lancaster was its extensive bomb bay, at 33 feet (10.05 m) long. Initially the heaviest bombs carried were 4,000 lb (1,818 kg) or for special targets the 21 feet (6.4 m) long 12,000 lb (5,448 kg) 'Tall Boy'. Towards the end of the war, attacking hardened targets, the 'Special B' Lancasters could carry a single 25.5 feet (7.77 m) long 22,000 lb (9,979 kg) 'Grand Slam' or 'Earthquake' bomb. This required modification to the bomb-bay doors. (Note: the exact weight in kg of 'Tall Boy' and 'Grand Slam' bombs differs according to source. The figures above are the most common.)
The Lancaster had a very advanced communications system for its time; the famous 1155 receiver and 1154 transmitter. These provided radio direction-finding, as well as voice and morse capabilities. Later Lancasters carried:
- Monica - a rearward looking radar to warn of night fighter approaches - a notable disaster, transmitting constant warnings of bombers in the same formation it was ignored by crews and instead served as a homing beacon for suitably equiped German night fighters.
- Fishpond - an add-on to H2S that provided additional (aerial) coverage of the underside of the aircraft to display attacking fighters on the main H2S screen.
- GEE - A receiver for a navigation system of synchronized pulses transmitted from the UK - aircraft calculated their position from the phase shift between pulses. The range of GEE was 3-400 miles.
- Oboe - a very accurate navigation system consisting of a receiver/transponder for two radar stations transmitting from the UK - one determining range and the other the bearing on the range. As the system could only handle one aircraft at a time it was only fitted to Pathfinder aircraft which marked the target for the main force. Later supplemented by GEE-H, similar to Oboe but with the transponder on the ground allowing more aircraft to use the system simultaneously. GEE-H aircraft were usually marked with two horizontal yellow stripes on the fins.
The most famous use of the Lancaster was probably the 1943 mission, codenamed Operation Chastise, to destroy the dams of the Ruhr Valley using special drum shaped bouncing bombs designed by Barnes Wallis, and carried by modified Mk IIIs. The story of the mission was later made into a film, The Dam Busters. Another famous action was a series of attacks against the German battleship Tirpitz with 'Tall Boy' bombs, ended with sinking 'Tirpitz'.
A development of the Lancaster was the Avro Lincoln bomber, initially known as the Lancaster IV and Lancaster V, these two marks became the Lincoln B1 and B2 respectively. There was also a civilian airliner based on the Lancaster, the Lancastrian. Other developments were the York, a square-bodied transport, and the Shackleton, which continued in airborne early warning service up to 1992.
Two Avro Lancasters remain in air-worthy condition, although few flying hours remain on their airframes and actual flying is carefully rationed. One is PA474 of the Battle of Britain Memorial Flight and the other is FM 213 of the Canadian Warplane Heritage museum.
Two Lancasters with extensive combat histories in Australian Squadrons have survived as static exhibits. S for Sugar of 463/467 Squadron RAAF flew 135 operational sorties, and is now on display at the RAF Museum, Hendon. G for George of 460 Squadron RAAF flew 90 operational sorties, and is now on display at the Australian War Memorial, Canberra.
- The Avro History
- Surviving Birmingham and Manchester made Avro Lancasters
- PA474 of the Battle of Britain Memorial Flight
- FM 213 of the Canadian Warplane Heritage Museum
- Lancaster FM159 - The Nanton Lancaster
- The Australian War Memorial G for George page
- R1155 radio receiver
|Related development||Avro York|
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source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text: "24.22 Researchers are proposing the development of a ''nanochannel reactor'' for steam reforming of methane (CH4) to fuelcell hydrogen gas to power microscale devices. Gas phase diffusion in nanochannel A = CH4, B= H2O A+B 20 mol% CH 4 -----------------------------> Nanochannel ( NA/NB) = 0.25 300 degrees C, 0.5 atm, 200Nm diameter As each channel diameter is so small, the gas flow is likely to be very small within a given channel. Hence, gas diffusion processes may play a role in the operation of this device, particularly during the mixing and heating steps. We are specifically interested in evaluating the effective diffusion coefficient of methane gas (species A, MA 1?4 16g/g: mol) in water vapor (species B, MB 1?4 18 g/g: mol) at 3008C and 0.5 atm total system pressure. The diameter of the channel is 200nm (1x 10^9 nm = 10m) A feed gas containing 20 mol % CH4 in water vapor is fed to the nanochannel with a flux ratio NA/NB = 0:25. What is effective diffusion coefficient of CH4 in the nanochannel at the feed gas conditions? Is Knudsen diffusion important?


4 Famous Scientists and How They Struggled
Michele Mei
Michele Mei
Aug 29, 2018 10:00:00 AM
When I began my science journey as an undergrad, research seemed rigorous, but reassuringly straightforward in its tenets. Observe, question, hypothesize. Predict, test, analyze. And repeat. It made perfect sense to me that if you followed this protocol and remained unbiased in the process, great discoveries were sure to come.
But then I learned about the other steps in between. Steps like grant-writing, worrying about publishing and impact factors, getting your mentor to actually respond, and struggling to troubleshoot experiments. Twitter's PhD community seems to relate.
These tweets are fun, but the struggles of research can really manifest into doubts and insecurities towards your own ability and intelligence. Research students often confess feelings of not belonging or being "good" enough for research. When these feelings creep up, remember to share your story, trust the camaraderie of the scientific community, and recognize that good research and its discoveries are not just products of pure luck and talent. Even the best scientists have had those long, exhausting, and seemingly fruitless days. Understanding these struggles can help to create a more positive research environment.
In a study published in the Journal of Educational Psychology, researchers found that reading stories about scientists' struggles, either in personal life or in academics, improved motivation, science career outlook, and grade performance in 9th and 10th grade students. Compared to students who only read about scientific successes, students who read about challenges displayed more positive attitudes towards effort and felt less helplessness in regard to failure.
For a bit of motivation and inspiration, here are a few stories about some of our favorite life scientists.
Jane Goodall1. Jane Goodall
Jane Goodall, the world's foremost expert on chimpanzees, is one of the first scientists I learned about. I still remember reading her autobiography, My Life with Chimpanzees, in the fourth grade and being thrilled by her accounts of life in Africa's jungles. Goodall pioneered the field of primatology and greatly affected the way ethological studies are conducted. However, these accomplishments certainly did not come without its challenges.
For instance, getting funding is almost always a pain and Goodall was not exempt from this struggle. When she was 18, Goodall stopped schooling and worked three jobs –as a secretary, assistant film editor, and as a waitress – just to pay for her first trip to Africa. At the age of 23, Goodall finally made it to Mombasa, Africa. Once there, she contacted the anthropologist Louis Leakey. Since she did not have a bachelor's degree, Goodall worked as Leakey's secretary and spent years observing chimpanzees in the field before pursuing her PhD. So, if you did not major in your current field or feel that you don't know as much as your colleagues, don't worry. It will come with time and effort.
Rosalind Franklin
2. Rosalind Franklin
Researchers spend a great deal of time thinking about novel experiments and untapped research questions. There is, perhaps, nothing more disappointing than finding that your idea has already been tested and published. Now imagine if you discovered the shape of DNA, but didn't receive any of the credit.
Rosalind Franklin was an English chemist and X-ray crystallographer who played a critical role in the discovery of DNA's double helix structure. Even though James Watson and Francis Crick is credited most heavily for solving DNA's molecular structure, Franklin was the first to obtain high-resolution photos of DNA's ladder-like structure. However, before she could pursue her research further, Franklin's colleague, Maurice Wilkens, revealed her unpublished findings to Watson and Crick and the three men were later awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology for the discovery of the DNA structure. Just four years later, Franklin passed away from ovarian cancer at the age of 37, possibly due to her work with X-rays.
2. Tu Youyou
Tu Youyou
Tu Youyou is known for her Nobel-winning discovery of artemisinin which has been used to save millions of lives in Africa and Asia. The pressure to produce interesting or novel results is always daunting and Tu was no exception. In 1969, Tu Youyou, then a young scientist, received the mission to develop an anti-malaria drug as part of a secret military mission called Project 523. In the midst of China's cultural revolution, Tu was sent to Hainan, a tropical island in southern China, where malaria was rampant. Under pressure to develop a cure, Tu sacrificed her entire social life to live in in the rainforests of Hainan where she also witnessed the death of many children suffering from late stage malaria.
Meanwhile, I once spent four months living in a research station in rural south China. I remember feeling an immense pressure to produce valuable data, but with almost no guidance, I was incredibly stressed. To add to it, I was living with few luxuries for the first time in my life. I had no running water, flushing toilets, or air conditioning (south China is HOT and HUMID). I can only imagine the anxiety Tu faced.
4. Georges Köhler
Georges Kohler
Our list would be incomplete without mentioning Georges Kohler who, along with Cesar Milstein, invented the hybridoma technique for monoclonal antibody production, which has since been used extensively in diagnosis and treatment of disease. Kohler and Milstein won the Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology in 1984 for developing this technology, but academia was not always Kohler's strong suit.
According to his high school reports, Kohler had mediocre grades and exhibited almost no interest in his courses, except for sports. Even as a doctoral student, Kohler's supervisor, Fritz Melchers felt that Kohler did not spend enough time working in lab. Melchers deemed Kohler as lazy and unambitious, which led to a tense mentor-mentee relationship. Judging from all the times my colleagues and I complained about our supervisors, I think it goes without saying that we can all relate to Kohler.
Even the most successful scientists face challenges like funding problems, feelings of inadequacy, and bad advisors. If you relate to these problems, take comfort in the fact that science is a struggle, and it's okay!
If you enjoyed this article, you might also like:
Bad supervisor cartoon
How NOT to Choose Your PhD Supervisor
Tags: Lab Life, PhD Life, Science Struggles
Michele Mei
Michele Mei


text:
1) jitter is the variation in the time between packets arriving, caused by network congestion, timing drift, or route changes. A jitter buffer can be used to handle jitter.
2) Jitter is the deviation in or displacement of some aspect of the pulses in a high-frequency digital signal. As the name suggests, jitter can be thought of as shaky pulses. The deviation can be in terms of amplitude, phase timing, or the width of the signal pulse. Another definition is that it is "the period frequency displacement of the signal from its ideal location." Among the causes of jitter are electromagnetic interference (EMI) and crosstalk with other signals. Jitter can cause a display monitor to flicker; affect the ability of the processor in a personal computer to perform as intended; introduce clicks or other undesired effects in audio signals, and loss of transmitted data between network devices. The amount of allowable jitter depends greatly on the application.


text:
Inheritance hierarchies represents "is-a" relationships - one object really is another object.
That's not what tags represent. The categories in a shop don't represent is-a relationships, it's more of a "belongs to" or, in programming terms, "supports feature xy". Tags can change, they can be added and removed as you need it - base classes can't, as the object needs it! Objects don't depend on the tags you give them, but they depend on their base classes to make sense.
You can put some car in category "green cars" or "cars from the 1960's" - no problem, it doesn't care - but it can never cease to be a vehicle!
So as you see, inheritance trees and your tags model entirely different things. One is about the object itself, the other one on how we relate objects together.
True, there are cases where it makes sense for an object to have more than one base class, but these are rare and as supporting true multiple inheritance causes many other problems (that's why lots of OO languages disallow it), it's a reasonable way to model is-a hierarchies through trees.
On the other hand, your tags are represented through interfaces (for which implementing multiple ones is allowed in practically every OO langauge I know) - or better - through typeclasses, which can be added or shadowed as you need it.
I agree with you that inheritance is often overused in places where interfaces would fit better, but as both are in principle orthogonal concepts, both have their appropriate use-cases.
I'm again stressing typeclasses or concepts as they're probably the answer you were searching for, though the question works on the false premise that tags are to replace inheritance.


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The Question:
I need to give my infant medicine and do not know the proper amount. I need to know how many mililiters (ml) are in 1/4 of a teaspoon. How do you calculate this conversion?
The Answer:
Using our conversion calculator, we find that there are 1.23 ml in 1/4 teaspoon.
—The Editors


Loren on the Art of MATLAB
Indexing Terminology 11
Posted by Loren Shure,
Someone recently asked me to discuss X-Y versus row-column indexing.
Two Conventions
When calling functions in MATLAB that create or reference arrays, there are two different conventions for specifying the first two dimensions of an array:
 - matrix indexing, i.e., rows and columns
 - Cartesian, i.e., X and Y
These different conventions get used depending on whether the array is strictly an array or when it has a probable physical interpretation in terms of Cartesian grid.
Matrix versus Cartesian Frameworks
In MATLAB, we index into matrices using row and column indices. That is, for matrix
A = magic(3)
A =
 8 1 6
 3 5 7
 4 9 2
I can reference the last element in the second row like this:
ans =
ans =
and to retrieve the first element of columns 1 and 3, I type this:
A(1,[1 3])
ans =
 8 6
Check out this post to get a fairly complete picture of indexing in MATLAB.
Plotting Matrices
The options xy and ij for axis allow us to control whether to view the data just the way the matrix is displayed (the (1,1) element is in the upper left corner):
or we can view the image/matrix as a top-down view of a physical "map" with the y-values now increasing along the vertical axis.
axis xy
In images, the matrices column values plot vertically. In line plots, the columns are plotted vs. their indices, making columns plot horizontally.
h = plot(A);
legend(h,{'Column 1','Column 2','Column 3'})
Creating an N-Dimensional Grid
ndgrid uses matrix indexing since it is designed to suit working in any number of array dimensions.
[ii, jj] = ndgrid(1:3,1:2)
ii =
 1 1
 2 2
 3 3
jj =
 1 2
 1 2
 1 2
Creating an 2- or 3-Dimensional Grid
On the other hand, mesh, interprets its first inputs in a Cartesian framework since it is used primarily for working with 2- and 3-dimensional plots, often depicting something over an area or volume.
[xx, yy] = meshgrid(1:3,1:2)
xx =
 1 2 3
 1 2 3
yy =
 1 1 1
 2 2 2
In the Remarks section of the documentation for meshgrid, you will find a discussion of this, especially with respect to inverting the first two input arguments compared to ndgrid. There is related discussion in the Description section for the function mesh.
Functions designed for two or three dimension, such as contour and quiver, usually work in Cartesian coordinates. Functions that are designed to work in N-dimensions generally work with a matrix indexing framework. Be sure to check the help for functions you use to see which convention applies.
Any ideas on what we can do, perhaps in examples or documentation (or eslewhere?) to help people out with this potential confusion? If so, please post here.
Get the MATLAB code
Published with MATLAB® 7.4
11 CommentsOldest to Newest
I encountered this ambiguity just this week using contourf(). My contours kept coming out just the opposite as what I expected. It wasn't until I tried plotting a non-square matrix before I realized something was wrong.
My suggestion to MATLAB is to pick a convention and stick with it.
Which convention to choose? And why that one? Both are natural in different situations. Hence the dilemma.
I personally usually think of "meshgrid" as the worst Matlab function – note that I do enjoy most of them.
I have my own imho-owell-oriented meshgrid function, with a different name, but some functions such as interp2 (TBC) require the grid to be meshgrid-generated!
This change of convention is a nightmare. As an image processing engineer, I find it so easier to keep the same convention : x goes with row index, hence row index is a natural discretization of x direction, while y goes with column index.
Obviously the obtained Cartesian grid is not in the usual direction (north to south for X and west to east for Y), but it makes a lot of computation so easier – especially when going from continuous to discrete representations, which is when hard things usually begin (think of a warping between two images, for instance).
I think it is easier to rotate the Cartesian coordinate system, in order to have a consistent (i,j) and (x,y) notation. It keeps both the axes direct (angles in the right directions) and the matrix multiplication (IDL convention is a nightmare).
Anyhow, this is my Humble Opinion – Keep the good work!!
(hi Loren, I am one of the Toulouse guy: it was nice meeting you!!)
I read and re-read this column several times over the past few days and I'm still confused. I regularly use indexing in MatLab and find that it very powerful tool in writing compact, easy to understand code.
But this xy option is very confusing to me. I had never previously noticed the xy option in the axis function and based on this column, I took some time to try to understand the value or benefit of that option. I also tried to follow your example regarding ndgrid and found myself bumping up against one of the few serious limitations within MatLab. That is MatLab's poor capability regarding table lookups. In the past when I've tried to figure out how to use interpn, I've been tripped up by the example in the function reference page that uses ndgrid. There is something fundamental about the ndgrid function that I'm not getting and I wonder if it is related to this ij vs xy concept.
I'm with Jessee above, pick a standard and stick with it. Just because MatLab can provide alternate ways to do things doesn't mean that there is a benefit to the alternate way. My experience is that the indexing method is widely used in MatLab so that should be the standard.
Maybe you need to write a detailed column that goes beyond the single example in the function reference page for ndgrid and also provides a proper description of the ndgrid function. e.g., the description says that it transforms the domain specified by the vectors into arrays. But, it doesn't say how they are transformed.
Anyway, after all this, I still don't understand what the significance is for this xy indexing.
I was most interested in the use of the commands image and imagesc to plot the values of items in matrices.
I had been using pcolor along with 'shading flat' to achieve almost the same effect. The problem with doing this is that in plotting the contents of an n x n array, you get a figure with an (n-1)x(n-1) array of elements, the last row and column being ignored.
I would like to use image instead of pcolor for my applications (using 'axis xy' to preserve orientation), but for one small hitch. pcolor treats NaN's as blanks whereas image and imagesc treat them as zeros. I need them to be treated as blanks, so I keep using pcolor. A further problem with using pcolor is that I don't find the ticklabels line up nicely with the centers of the colorblocks as they do in the magic square example above. Loren, please help. is there anything I can do?
I realize that one workaround is to add an extra row and column to my array of data, but this seems like an ugly hack.
More details: all the data in my matrix is positive integers, so another workaround is for me to convert all the NaN's to zeros before using 'image'. The problem now becomes that the zeros (which I want to ignore) show up in the colorbar.
I have exactly the same problem as Roy Goodman has. I'm surprised that Roy's email was posted only recently (I started using Matlab a year ago). Most of the matrix data I want to display have some NaN elements in them. Is it possible to add another 'property' and 'value' pair to specify the color for displaying the NaN elements in a matrix?
You might try this code (using the opengl renderer, which MATLAB will do automatically with the transparency – though there are bugs in various opengl drivers and they don't all look the same).
A = magic(3)
AA = A
AA(1) = NaN
imalpha = ones(size(A));
h = image(AA), colorbar
imalpha(isnan(AA)) = 0
If your picture doesn't look right, close your figure and use this command first:
opengl software
and then retry. The graphics will be a bit slower but will tend to overcome hardware opengl issues typically.
Glad to find this discussion: whilst meshgrid and its family are excellent starting points for regridding (2D) "images", when volumes or time varying volumes appear, then ndgrid must be used. OK, so far, but then we find that stream3, streamtube etc require meshgrid. Meshgrid for 3D data (e.g. look at "wind" in the examples)? Why oh why oh why?
So, here's the solution I request.
If GIVEN some volume data (e.g., "wind") which has mesh


text:
In you used Windows 7, 8 or 10 to partition your hard drive, your partitions are likely to be already aligned. But this article will be useful for you if you edited partitions in Windows XP or cloned partitions using various third-party software. Here is how to check the alignment of HDD or SSD and align a partition using free utility without formatting and risk of data loss.
How to Check if the Partition is Aligned and Align it if Necessary
We recommend to use AOMEI Partition Assistant Standard for aligning partitions. This program is able to align a partition without formatting it and all your information will not be deleted. But it should be said that alignment can take a long time depending on the size of the partition and used disk space.
- Download and install AOMEI Partition Assistant Standard which is freeware: _URL_ :
- Launch the program.
- Select the partition you are interested in (left click on it).
- Click on Partition Alignment in the left pane:
- Click OK to optimize the partition:
Attention! If your partition is already aligned you will see "The current partition is already optimized thus there's no need to align it again". In this case just click Cancel:
- Click Proceed to start the alignment: Your data won't be lost!
- Wait. If you align the system disk your PC will reboot:
Your computer will restart when done and you will be able to work again.


text:
Learning SuDocs Call Numbers
This tutorial is designed to teach staff or student workers the SuDocs classification or call number system. The first section, SuDocs Basics, gives a brief overview of the system and focuses on the three most important things to remember. The second section is an interactive quiz with multiple choice and true/false questions, where even wrong answers teach a lesson. In the third section, you can arrange call numbers in shelving order in four different call number sequences.
This interactive tutorial is sponsored by the Continuing Education Fund Working Group of the Education Committee of the American Library Association's Government Documents Round Table. Originally designed by Becky Fox, former staff member of the Michigan State University Libraries.


text: Enterococcus faecium is a commensal of the human gastrointestinal tract and a frequent cause of bloodstream infections in hospitalized patients. Here, we identify genes that contribute to growth of E. faecium in human serum. We first sequenced the genome of E. faecium E745, a vancomycin-resistant clinical isolate, to completion and then compared its transcriptome during exponential growth in rich medium and in human serum by RNA-seq. This analysis revealed that 27.8% of genes on the E. faecium E745 genome were differentially expressed in these two conditions. A gene cluster with a role in purine biosynthesis was among the most upregulated genes in E. faecium E745 upon growth in serum. A high-throughput transposon sequencing (Tn-seq) approach was used to identify conditionally essential genes in E. faecium E745 during growth in serum. Genes involved in de novo nucleotide biosysnthesis (including pyrK_2, pyrF, purD, purH) and a gene encoding a phosphotransferase system subunit (manY_2) were thus identified to be contributing to E. faecium growth in human serum. Transposon mutants in pyrK_2, pyrF, purD, purH and manY_2 were isolated from the library and their impaired growth in human serum was confirmed. In addition, the pyrK_2 and manY_2 mutants also exhibited significantly attenuated virulence in an intravenous zebrafish infection model. We conclude that genes involved in carbohydrate and nucleotide metabolism of E. faecium are essential for growth in human serum and contribute to the pathogenesis of this organism.


text:
Whenever we give a demo of OpenAnnotate, clients always ask, "What happens when multiple users need to review a document at the same time?" OpenAnnotate has always supported having multiple users annotating a document at the same time, but a recent client has added functionality which broadcasts "live" the annotations and comments that users are making. This makes the review process in OpenAnnotate more collaborative. This post will outline some things to look for when evaluating your options for annotating/reviewing documents in your ECM repository.
We have had clients struggle with other annotation products and review processes in the past that did not allow more than one user to be reviewing a document at the same time. The "out of the box" functionality that is advertised for many ECM repositories to be able to perform a document "review" involves the following:
- Create a workflow to send to individual reviewers
- Each individual user must check out the document when it is their turn to review
- Perform their edits in the document (with or without track changes)
- Remember check back in the correct document
- Complete the workflow task
We have seen many clients struggle with this process because it involves multiple steps that users must remember to perform in order for the review to go smoothly. Some of the things that go wrong or problems with this approach are:
- Only one person can be doing their review at a time. This can add hours/days to the review process because each user must independently make their edits before the next user can review and make their comments.
- Users forget to check back in the document, leaving others locked out of doing their review
- Users forget to turn on "Track Changes" in the document, so other reviewers and authors don't know what was changed
- Reviewers "over-edit" the document since they are using the native editing application and tend to spend too much time editing fonts, changing design, wordsmithing
- Documents must go through many separate review cycles since the first reviewers don't get to see what the later reviewers changed in the document.
TSG has had success in rolling out our OpenAnnotate annotation tool because it addresses the following issues:
- Annotations are made using the Adobe XFDF specification allowing for documents to be viewed with their annotations inline
- Reviewers have a simplified toolset that lets them enter comments, draw lines/boxes/circles/arrows, highlight/strikethrough text. This lets them focus on the content of their review rather than the semantics of the tool.
- Annotations are made as a layer on top of the document allowing multiple reviewers to be making their annotations at the same time
The most recent enhancement to OpenAnnotate takes that last point one step further as it allows users to collaborate on the review process in real time without having to refresh the page to see if another user has made comments.
We have added a "Participants" pane to the interface that will show all users that are currently annotating the document, as well as expose a chat window to allow users to have an informal dialog during the review.
When annotations are being made, every user will immediately see the annotation appear on their screen. This allows users to make their comments at the same time as other reviewers and respond to each other's feedback. We have also expanded each annotation with a "reply" feature which allows an individual to reply to a highlight/strikethrough or other annotation.
Let us know your thoughts in the comments below.


text:
The name Annette is a Hebrew baby name. In Hebrew the meaning of the name Annette is: Grace.
The name Annette is an American baby name. In American the meaning of the name Annette is: Grace.
The name Annette is an English baby name. In English the meaning of the name Annette is: Aintroduced to Britain in the 13th century, made popular in the 14th century by the cult of St Anne. The form of the name varies with fashion:.
The name Annette is a French baby name. In French the meaning of the name Annette is: meaning Little Ann. Variant of Hebrew 'Hannah' meaning 'Favor. Grace. '.
People with this name have a deep inner desire to inspire others in a higher cause, and to share their own strongly held views on spiritual matters.Expression Number: 7
People with this name are excellent at analyzing, understanding, and learning. They tend to be mystics, philosophers, scholars, and teachers. Because they live so much in the mind, they tend to be quiet and introspective, and are usually introverts. When presented with issues, they will see the larger picture. Their solitary thoughtfulness and analysis of people and world events may make them seem aloof, and sometimes even melancholy.
And you'll see personalized content just for you whenever you click the My Feed.
SheKnows is making some changes!


text:
Primary Advisor/Dissertation Chair
Secondary Advisor/Reader One
The purpose of this research study was to answer the research question: How does integrating STEMthemed environmental investigations in the middle school classroom impact environmental literacy? In order to understand the various aspects of this research question, a literature review was conducted for the topics of middle school learners, STEM learning and environmental literacy. The study utilized a mixed methods approach and 131, 7th grade students participated in the study; students took the Middle School Environmental Literacy Survey (MSELS) as a pretest and posttest. Between these surveys, students participated in four learning investigations that applied STEM learning, environmental problems, inquirybased and projectbased learning strategies. The four week study period illustrated that students enjoyed learning about environmental problems using the learning strategies, including STEM, inquiry and projectbased learning, and the study's MSELS scores compared well to national data trends for environmental literacy. Middle school students in this study, outscored national 6th and 8th graders, and scored comparatively well to national 7th grade students that participate in exemplary schoolwide environmental education programs. Furthermore, 7th graders in this study scored high in the area of Cognitive Skills which included issue identification, issue analysis and action planning which could be contributed to their participation in an integrated STEM program at the study's school. In addition, MSELS scores highlighted the disconnect between students' knowledge about the environment, their intention to act positively towards the environment, and their actual, measured followthrough on these positive behaviors. Major findings from this study included the importance of having some sort of statewide measurement for the environmental literacy benchmarks that are already in place for this target audience, and the general positiveness towards learning using the environment, STEM, inquiry and projectbased learning.
Action Research, Interview, Observation, Survey
Heitkamp, Megan Alece, "The Impacts Of Classroom Stem¬-Themed Environmental Investigations On Middle School Environmental Literacy" (2016). School of Education Student Capstone Theses and Dissertations. 4225.


common bond in a sentence
Example sentences for common bond
Most importantly, you need to share the common bond of concern for fellow motorcyclists.
Having a vision gives us a common bond and purpose to strive for.
Their common bond is a desire to share their life experiences with kids who need help.
Competencies create a common bond of understanding and a common language for discussing performance.
The mill is constructed of brick perimeter walls laid in common bond and heavy timber framework.
Famous quotes containing the word common bond
There was a time when all these things would have passed me by, like the flitting figures of a theatre, sufficient for t... more
Copyright © 2014 Dictionary.com, LLC. All rights reserved.


text:
Computer Multi Control (CMC) Deliver Comprehensive IT Monitoring
As a data center's size grows, so can the complexity of the equipment needed to monitor environmental conditions and control access. Rittal's CMC III system solves this problem by using a CAN bus to support serial connection of multiple monitoring sensors to a central point.
The system collects numerous essential metrics, making them available for further processing by the network management system and allowing IT managers to monitor all data center environmental conditions from a centralized position. However, the CMC III also acts independently, automatically initiating countermeasures and triggering alarms or notifying designated personnel, for example.
CMC III systems can handle large-scale IT applications; a compact version is also available for use in smaller systems and single-enclosure applications. CMC III systems can be integrated into virtually all control centers via the OPC (Object Linking and Embedding for Process Control) protocol to make the data collected available at higher management levels.
CMC III System Sensor Options
Two important sensors are integrated as standard equipment into the CMC III Processing Unit: an infrared sensor that monitors the enclosure door and a temperature sensor that measures the temperature of the inflowing ambient air. CMC III system configurations can also accommodate up to 32 other sensors, including sensors for:
- Air flow
- Air pressure
- Water leaks
- Active power
- Apparent power
- Supplied energy


Why Make your Locate Process Paperless?
Everyone is aware of the headaches that can be caused by a paper driven process, locating is no different: misplaced or damaged drawings, line-ups at the scanner, and endless emailing. There are an overwhelming amount of benefits to completing locates digitally and we'll discuss them in this article.
environmental-protection-886669_1280Using a software program such as our UtiLocate2- Locate Management Software makes going digital easy. Locate documents are generated based on the data entered by the user. Digital forms with logos look professional and make you stand out from the crowd. The form stays consistent every time allowing excavators to become familiar with the layout and reference information faster. Data and mapping contained in the locate document is also more legible because handwriting is eliminated.
It is no secret that our environment's health is on the decline and we need to reduce our usage of resources. Cutting out the use of paper in a process is a great way for an organization to reduce their environmental footprint. Storing paper copies in large filing cabinets that take up real estate in the office is not ideal. Digital copies can be stored in a cloud and recalled instantly anywhere you are.
A concern with going digital may be that locators need internet in the field but locating software such as ours allows locators to work offline so portable internet is not something management needs to worry about. The overall locating process becomes faster when going digital. This is because templates and images can be used in the drawing tool to quickly capture your locate. Also, documents are automatically generated and sent without any scanning or manual emailing involved.
Take the leap and digitize your locate process today. Visit _URL_ for more information or call Competers Inc at _PHONE_ and we'll help you out!
After Hours Emergency Self Assign
In UtiLocate 2, we have a feature that allows the locator to grab his own after hours emergency ticket. This eliminates the need to set a locator as the after hours emergency locator. Instead, the locator can self-assign a ticket and then do a download to be able to complete the ticket. Now, you'll never have 2 locators arrive on-site together and give more flexibility to on-call locators.


text:
For R users who work with a lot of data or encounter RAM issues when building models on large datasets, MOA and in general data streams have some nice features. Namely:
- It uses a limited amount of memory. So this means no RAM issues when building models.
- Processes one example at a time, and will run over it only once
- Works incrementally – so that a model is directly ready to be used for prediction purposes
Unfortunately it is written in Java and not easily accessible for R users to use. For users mostly interested in clustering, the stream package already facilites this (this blog item gave an example when using ff alongside the stream package). In our day-to-day use cases, classification is a more common request. The stream package only allows to do clustering. So hence the decision to make the classification algorithms of MOA easily available to R users as well. For this the RMOA package was created and is available on github (_URL_


text:
As anyone who is serious about sports will know, health and safety is a vital part of enjoying sports safely. It is important to be aware of health and safety issues within sport to allow you to enjoy your workouts and sports effectively, without putting yourself or others in danger.
Within sports, health and safety can apply to both the equipment that you use and the way you use and look after your own body, so be aware of this before you embark upon a new sport or fitness regime.
With hockey, as with all competitive sports, being aware of and respectful of other players is imperative when you are playing. Following the rules and not putting other players in danger makes the game much more fun for everybody involved and means you are all at much less risk of accident or injury.
Knowing how to use sporting equipment is another important factor within sports and fitness. You might not necessarily need a manual handling certificate to play your favourite sport, but it is important to be aware of the basics.
If you are a real fan of a particular sport and want to coach or train others, then online health and safety courses related to sports will be especially useful for you. The last thing you want to do is put yourself or others in danger when you are coaching or training them in your favourite sport.
You will be able to do many of the necessary health and safety courses online but some training you may need to attend college for, or undertake practical elements. Whether you are interested in sports training or coaching or are simply a fitness fanatic who wishes to get the most out of your workouts, sports health and safety is an area which you simply can't afford to overlook.


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I want to set up a recurring journal transaction and have not done so before. I read up on it in the documentation but have a couple questions. My intention is to go into 01.530.00 Generate Recurring each month and release the transactions. What do i select as the handling when setting up the initial Journal Transaction? Also, regarding the number of Cycles, do I include the current cycle in the count or only the number of future cycles?
Handling: Release Now (or Release Later if you want to let it loose on the system at a future date). You won't see the entry as available to generate until it's been released. (Be aware that the source entry will stay at a status of "Balanced" - so if you have report templates that look for unposted entries for month end close, you may want to modify them to exclude entries with a type of recurring.)
Number of Cycles: How many times to generate it - in total.
The original entry that you're setting up is basically used as the information that Generate Recurring Entries uses to create a clone of the entry for processing. It's never actually processed as an entry by itself. Each time it creates a new entry, it reduces the number of cycles by 1. So you want to include the total number of cycles you want to have occur.
As a side note - each entry created by the Generate Recurring will have the original batch listed in the Orig BatNbr field. This makes it easy to go back and modify the number of cycles in the future if you need to change how long the entry will be recurring.
One other odd thing about recurring entries - the period you select for the entry is the period the entry will start, and the Generate Recurring process will use the Current Cycle/Number of Cycles to figure out how many entries to create. So if you set up a recurring entry with a date 5 months ago, a current cycle of 1, and a number of cycles of 12, when you generate the recurring entry you'll get 5 entries - one for each period needed to catch up to the current posting period.
Hope that all makes sense!


Infundibular stalk:
infundibular stalk.
AKA infundibulum or pituitary stalk, the infundibular stalk is a tube-like structure that connects the posterior pituitary to the hypothalamus. It allows for hormones synthesized in the hypothalamus to be sent to the posterior pituitary for release into the bloodstream.
Learn more: Know your brain - Pituitary gland
 Know your brain - Hypothalamus
Watch this 2-Minute Neuroscience video to learn more about the pituitary gland.


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or take a walk. He can also visit with friends, paint and write things down. Using planned activities helps to manage the angry feelings. It may also cause him to relax and help him start feeling better about himself and his life.
- Insight Oriented Therapy teaches your child how to understand his feelings and behavior based on things that have happened with other people. For example, your child may avoid getting close to people if he does not get attention when he needs it. Or, your child may get angry quickly and throw things if someone close also acts that way.
- Relaxation is another way to focus your child's attention on something other than his bad feelings. Good smells can help change your child's mood and help him relax. These good smells may also help your child's brain make special chemicals called endorphins (n-door-fins). Endorphins are a natural body chemical that can lessen angry feelings. Have your child try listening to music or try taking a warm bath with aromatherapy (uh-ro-muh-thair-uh-p) oils. Candles, massage oils, and scented bubble baths are all ways that smells can be used.
© 2013 Truven Health Analytics Inc. Information is for End User's use only and may not be sold, redistributed or otherwise used for commercial purposes. All illustrations and images included in CareNotes® are the copyrighted property of the Blausen Databases or Truven Health Analytics.
The above information is an educational aid only. It is not intended as medical advice for individual conditions or treatments. Talk to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist before following any medical regimen to see if it is safe and effective for you.


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Across Australia, farmers and rural communities are seeking ways to salvage ailing land and struggling communities. Many farms are too small to be economically viable and region's environmental issues cannot usually be resolved within a single farm's boundaries.
This book suggests a potential solution, a possible means of achieving better land care, more sustainable and profitable production, and greater community. It argues that common property resource systems, where neighbouring landowners make decisions together to manage their land as a common region, should be set up, and shows how this can be done.
The authors, a scientist and specialist property lawyers, explain how the old idea of "commons" works and how it fits into modern Australian real property law. They recount the experience of four grazing families in the New England Tablelands who got together to form Tilbusters Commons on their adjoining properties. They finish with two chapters discussing the major legal issues, particularly business structures and leases, and including precedents.


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Stay Strong, Stay Healthy - Level 1 - Rich Hill
- June 8, 2023 - July 31, 2023
Rich Hill Christian Church
300 W Walnut Street
Rich Hill, MO 64779 directions to this event
- Add To Calendar
Stay Strong, Stay Healthy
Face to Face
Stay Strong, Stay Healthy (SSSH) aims to provide inactive middle-aged and older adults with access to a safe, structured and effective exercise program capable of building muscle and increasing bone density, thus decreasing frailty, osteoporosis and the risk of falls. SSSH helps participants meet the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's physical activity recommendations.
SSSH challenges participants through incremental increases in exercise volume and intensity. Led by a certified instructor, participants complete a warmup, a prescribed set of upperand lower-body strengthening exercises and a cool-down at each class. Participants are made to feel comfortable regardless of their current fitness level so they can safely participate and gradually build the strength beneficial to health.
Questions can be sent to Sara Bridgewater, [email protected] or call _PHONE_.
Sessions (9:30 AM - 10:30 AM)
Register For Event
Use Tab key to loop through the section below. Press Enter or Space to enter content for each tab button. Press Esc key to exit and to go to the next section at any time.
Event date: June 5, 2023 - June 9, 2023
Event date: June 5, 2023 - June 23, 2023
News & articles
CEUEngineering in Medical Imaging 1: Non-Ionizing Techniques 2023FS
Aug. 21, 2023 - Oct. 15, 2023
CEUEngineering in Medical Imaging 2: Ionizing Techniques 2023FS
Aug. 21, 2023 - Dec. 15, 2023


What is good LED to Full Color LED Display
- Mar 14, 2019-
Generally speaking, the full color led display is composed by great quantity of LEDs. With the frequently on and off, and watching from viewing distance, the led display shows images. Currently, out of home is still the mainstreim market of led displays. And according to the industry statistical analysis, the outdoor led display takes 40% market, and we could anticipate that in near future, the full color led displays would be seen everywhere on the streets.
But what is good LED to those full color led displays? If you'd like to learn further about the quality of the full color led displays, we could start with 5 aspects of its quality and specification.
1. The malfunction rate. Since the led display is composed by huge quantity of RGB LEDs, each color LED's defection would influent the visual performance. And according to the industry experience, from the led display assembly to the 72hours ageing test, the malfunction dot rate should be not higher than 1/10000.
2. The antistatic ability. From the last pages, you'd find LEDs are very sensitive to the static. And generally speaking, to the good LEDs and under the test of "static electricity on human body", the malfunction voltage should not lower than 2000V.
3. The attenuation factor. The attenuation speed is determined by the LED chip, encapsulation material and technology. To adjust the good LED, with the current input of 20mA and 1000 hours, the attenuation of red led should be smaller than 10%, the blue and green led should be smaller than 15%. The accordance attenuation of red, green, blue color influent very much on the led display's color performance, after running for a long period.
4. The brightness. The brightness of LED is the key factor to decide the brightness of led display screen. Usually with the same current input, the higher brightness, the more stable screen. But what to be noticed is, if the brightness of LED is determined, the smaller viewing angle, the LED seem brighter; the bigger viewing angle, the LED seem darker. So we must consider both the viewing angle and the brightness. For outdoor led display, usually we require 110 degree viewing angle, and based on that, we will need the brightness to be higher. And to the different pixel pitch, viewing distance, we will find the balance of them all.
5. The accordance. Each pixel of full color led display has the RGB LED. So each the LED's brightness, wave length's accordance determines the led display's accordance of brightness, white balance, and the chromaticity. And as the professional led display manufacturer, we require the vendors supply 5nm wavelength range, and 1:1.3 brightness range LEDs. And we would test strictly about this, to produce good quality full color led displays.


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Step by step guide
Step 1: Text & Fonts
Step 2: Choose which type of text to edit
Step 3: Change and adjust
Step 4: Advanced settings
Using fonts in the text element
If you wish to change how your text looks in one of your text blocks, you can do so by using the element panel. These settings will only affect the text in the selected block. When changing the default text settings, blocks that have been specifically changed will not be affected.
Resetting the font to standard settings
If you would like to restore the default text settings for a specific text block, simply click Revert font to default in the Font menu.
Article was last updated: 2014-03-17
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Weather affects EV efficiency much like it affects ICE cars, but there are some marked differences. The folks over at TezLab in Brooklyn measure range using a somewhat complicated system, but since they do the hard work for you, there's no need to get into the specific details.
Let's take a quick look at what the team discovered:
Most everything the study found can be related back to temperature
it's widely known that cars are less efficient when it's cold, however, the study shows that temps over 80F also have a negative effect
Parking in a windy area can drain more range than you may think
Cold temps increase charging times


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How to Create Table Easily in Microsoft Word Document. Table is a necessity if we have to show a considerable amount of data. To create a table in Microsoft Word 2007 is quite simple way. You can instantly see how many rows and columns of the table you wish to make. To create a table in Microsoft Word 2007 you can do so by following steps.
- Select / place the text cursor at the place or location where the table will be inserted in the document.
- Click on the Insert ribbon menu
- Then click the table. You're immediately given how many columns and rows that will be made.
- Suppose we want to create a table with a size of 5 columns and 7 rows, then point the cursor to the right to form a box of 5 x 7 (5 columns, 7 rows). Then click the box in the lower right. Tables will be directly inserted in your document.
- If you want to create a table with a size of 9 or more rows, or columns of a table with 11 columns or more then to make it you have to click the Insert Table …item
- When you click Insert Table, you will be given a dialog to fill in the number of rows and columns as well as size.
- In the dialogue:
- Number of Columns: required number of columns you want
- Number of rows: required number of rows you want
- Fixed Column width: the width for each column
- Autofit to Contents: the table will be created with a minimum size, and will become more width automatically according to the content that you enter
- Autofit to window: the table will be made as wide as the existing window, the width of each column divided equally / equal.
- Remember dimensions for new tables: if you provide a check that you fill then the value will be the default value if you will create the table again
- Fill in values in the table carefully, and then press the OK button to create a table in the document.
Tips Creating tables in Microsoft Word
- Arrange the table columns to fit the format you want.
- If you want to create a calendar format or wish to use the supplied table format you can see it on a Quick Tables.. item


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Renesas Electronics America - Knowledgebase
I'm a Bit Confused about Code and Data Flash. For example, how do I count write cycles?
Latest Updated:06/16/2016
How do I count write cycles for code and data flash?
You need to make a distinction between data and code flash.
For example, on the S7G2, the first 8 blocks of code flash are 8KB in size and after that, each block is 32KB. A block is the smallest unit of erasure (write). The minimum unit you can write is 256 bytes. If you write less, the line will still have to be erased before writing to the rest of it. Even if you write only 128 bytes and then wish to access the other 128 bytes, the Flash Control Unit checks if the entire line is erased before proceeding to write. You cannot write to the same unit (256 bytes) more than once between erases, since the flash the bits can only by toggled one way (the other way is done only through erase).
Data flash is made of 64 byte blocks and the minimum you can write is 4 bytes. It follows the same rules as described above for the code flash. Renesas guarantees at least 125,000 write-erase cycles on the data flash region for the S7G2. The number of erases is the most important value when it comes to write-erase cycles. You can write to 16 4-byte chunks (i.e. 16 writes) and erase one block (64 bytes) and this is still considered one write-erase cycle.
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text: The case-cohort design is most useful in analyzing time to failure in a large cohort in which failure is rare. Covariate information is collected from all failures and a representative sample of censored observations. Sampling is done without respect to time or disease status, and, therefore, the design is more flexible than a nested case-control design. Despite the efficiency of the methods, case-cohort designs are not often used because of perceived analytic complexity. In this article, we illustrate computation of a simple variance estimator and discuss model fitting techniques in SAS. Three different weighting methods are considered. Model fitting is demonstrated in an occupational exposure study of nickel refinery workers. The design is compared to a nested case-control design with respect to analysis and efficiency in a small simulation. In this example, case-cohort sampling from the full cohort was more efficient than using a comparable nested case-control design.


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The profile can be revolved through any angle measuring between zero and 360 degrees around an axis. The axis of revolution can be part of the profile or offset from it. The profile and axis must be coplanar.
The Revolve command is used to create features having radial symmetry, such as stepped shafts, cylindrical containers, or O-rings. Such features can define the overall shape of a part (a base feature) or become details such as fins, webs, or struts.
Revolving around an axis on the sketch produces solid features, such as disks, hubs, and beveled gear blanks. Revolving around an axis that is offset from the sketch creates solids with holes, such as washers, flasks, and conduits.
When you specify a sphere or torus in the Primitives panel, the sketch creation and revolve process is automated. You can select a start plane for the sketch, create the profile, and then create a solid. The primitive shape creation commands create full revolutions and do not create surfaces or partial revolutions.
Shape propagation only applies to open profiles. It describes solutions that are defined through the extension of the open ends of the profile and by the shape of the body. Shape propagation generates a feature that is robust to topology changes in the part body caused by editing features higher up in the feature tree. The revolved feature is not dependent upon a strictly defined profile consisting of specific referenced edges and sketch lines.
There are two types of shape propagation: Match Contour and Match Shape.
Match Contour When the Match Shape option is disabled, the open profile is closed by extending the open ends of the profile until they intersect the solid body. If the sketch plane of the profile lies on a planar face, the loops of the face are used to close the profile. Otherwise, the edges defined by the intersection of the profile plane with the body are used to close the profile. A valid profile exists if both ends of the open profile intersect either the body or the revolve axis. Mixed sets are not valid. When a closed profile is created, you select Side to Keep for the profile.
Match Shape When the Match Shape option is selected, a flood-fill type solution is created. The open ends of the profile are extended to the axis of revolution, if possible, or to the bounding box of the body. The Match Shape revolution generates a stable and predictable body for topology changes on the defining faces. The revolved feature is not dependent on a strictly defined profile consisting of sketch lines and referenced edges.
On the Model tab, Create panel, click Revolve to create a feature by rotating one or more sketched profiles around an axis. The axis and the profile must be coplanar. The first feature is the base feature.
Selects a profile to revolve. If there are multiple profiles and none are selected, click Profile, and then click one or more profiles in the graphics window. Press Ctrl, and then click to remove a profile from the selection set.
Single Profile Automatically selects a profile.
Multiple Profiles Selects multiple profiles from same sketch plane. Selections are highlighted.
Nested Profiles Selects multiple nested profiles. The result of revolving an interior loop is opposite the result of revolving an exterior loop. For example, revolved concentric circles form a hollow torus.
Selects the axis of revolution. The axis can be a work axis, a construction line, or a normal line.
Selects the participating solid body in a multi-body part.
Specifies the sketch plane or the participating solid bodies.
Plane Selects a 2D plane or planar face.
| ||Solids Selects the participating body in a multi-body part.|
Specifies if the revolved feature is a solid or surface.
Creates a solid feature from an open or closed profile. Open profile is not available for base features or primitives.
Creates a surface feature from an open or closed profile. Can be used as a construction surface on which other features terminate or used as a split tool to create a split part.
Specifies whether the revolution joins, cuts, or intersects with another feature. Not available for base features but required for all other features.
Join Adds the volume created by the revolved feature to another feature.
Cut Removes the volume created by the revolved feature from another feature or body.
Intersect Creates a feature from the shared volume of the revolved feature and another feature. Material not included in the shared volume is deleted.
| ||New solid Creates a new solid body. This is the default selection if the revolve is the first solid feature in a part file. Select to create a new body in a part file with one or more solid bodies. Each body is an independent collection of features separate from other bodies. A body can share features with other bodies.|
Determines the method for the revolution and sets the angular displacement of the profile around a centerline. Click the arrow to list the extent methods, select one, and then enter a value. Revolutions can be a specific distance or can terminate on a work plane or part face.
Angle - Angle Accepts two different angular values to revolve the profile in two directions - one positive and one negative. Click Asymmetric to activate and enter the second angular displacement value.
To - Next Selects the next possible face or plane on which to terminate the revolution in the specified direction. Dragging the profile flips the revolution to either side of the sketch plane. Not available for base features. Terminator selects a solid or surface on which to terminate the revolution. Flip specifies the direction.
Match Shape When the Match Shape option is selected, a flood-fill type revolved feature is created. The open ends of the profile are extended to the axis of revolution (if possible), or to the bounding box of the body. The Match Shape revolution generates a stable and predictable body for topology changes on the defining faces.
Match Contour If you cancel the Match Shape option, the open profile is closed by extending the open ends of the profile to the part, and closing the gap between them by including edges defined by the intersection of the sketch plane and the part. The extrusion is created as if you specified a closed profile.
Select the check box to place an iMate automatically on a full circular edge. Autodesk Inventor LT attempts to place the iMate on the closed loop most likely to be useful. In most cases, place only one or two iMates per part.