text:
Anise, a plant originating in the Mediterranean, has a lot of health benefits. More specifically, aniseed tea is a natural remedy that has beneficial effects on gastrointestinal problems, bloating, abdominal pain, eliminates constipation, improves flu and colds.
Experts say the anise has antibacterial antiviral properties. In addition, it is a real antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. Anethole is the most active ingredient of the aniseed. It is found in plant seeds.
Here are the benefits of Anason:
- It is also good for young children when they have colic or when they cough.
- Aniseed properties help stimulate secretion of breast milk.
- Adjuvant in flu-like conditions, in colds, helps eliminate mucus in colds. The explanation is that anise contains large amounts of antioxidants that stimulate immunity and reduce the risk of infection or disease. Furthermore, there are studies showing that anise prevents recurrence of viral diseases.
- Tea from aniseed seeds is beneficial to the heart, maintains optimal circulation.
- It relieves the symptoms of menopause.
- Treat insomnia and other sleep disorders, having a calming effect on the body.
- It improves skin infections because it has antifungal properties.
- Maintains bone health. Being rich in calcium contributes to bone health and prevents the development of osteoporosis.
- Aniseed seeds can reduce the symptoms of depression, at least as some studies suggest.
- Protects against stomach ulcer. There are studies that claim that aniseed tea is an adjuvant that reduces the symptoms of stomach ulcer and at the same time can keep the disease distant.
- Anason also has a strong antibacterial role. More specifically, anethole can prevent the growth of bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. E. coli, say specialists.
- It balances blood sugar levels. More specifically, there are researchers who claim that anethole, the active ingredient in aniseed seeds, can maintain a steady, balanced blood sugar level, but the patient has to maintain a healthy diet.
- It reduces long-term inflammation associated with the development of serious conditions such as heart disease, cancer, diabetes.
- Anise has properties and antispasmodic effects, which is why it is good when it comes to improving bloating and abdominal cramps.


text:
In the past few years in the U.K., an increasing number of people are being subjected to "Anti-Social Behavior Orders", or Asbos. These are similar in some respects to personal protection orders (PPO) or restraining orders in the U.S., but the threshold for obtaining such an order is much lower. Most notably, it seems that the largest criterion for obtaining an Asbo is that somebody be offended by the target's conduct. Although an Asbo (like a PPO) is a civil order, the violation of an ASBO can result in a custodial sentence (similar to a contempt sentence that might result from violating an PPO). But given the lower threshold for issuance, there have been some peculiar results.
A couple of days ago, The Observer described how "Children with autism and other serious psychological conditions are being targetted by the government's controversial anti-social behaviour orders (Asbos), according to mental health charities and professionals." The examples they give include:
- "In one case in the South West, a 15-year-old boy with Asperger's syndrome, an autistic disorder, was given an Asbo which stated he was not to stare over his neighbours' fence into their garden."
- "In one example discovered by BIBIC, an Asbo was given to a 15-year-old with Tourette syndrome, which can involve an inability to stop shouting out profanities. The order banned the teenager from swearing in public, something made impossible by the gravity of his disorder."
- "In one case in the Midlands, the authorities applied for an Asbo against a 12-year-old girl with Asperger's who had been swearing in the street. It later emerged that she had heard her parents arguing with neighbours and had simply mimicked them."

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Point Cloud Structure and Output Formats
Organized point cloud
Zivid outputs an organized point cloud. This means that the point cloud is laid out as a 2D array of points that resembles an image like structure. An unorganized point cloud is generally stored as a list of points in a 1D array. In both cases, the XYZ data are provided for each point as well as the RGB values.
There are several advantages to this structure.
 - Algorithms designed for unorganized point clouds work on organized as well, because a 2D array can be interpreted as a 1D array. This is not always true the other way around.
 - Ordered point clouds have a 1:1 correlation between pixels in the 2D images (color and depth) and 3D points in the point cloud. This means that the neighboring pixels in the image are the neighboring points in the point cloud. This enables 2D operations and algorithms to be applied to the 2D image, while the result can be applied directly to the point cloud. For example, for object detection and segmentation, one can segment the 2D image and directly extract the 3D points from the desired pixels.
 - The orderliness of points speeds up computation and lowering the cost of certain algorithms, especially operations using neighboring points.
Zivid point cloud
Zivid cameras uses a sensor with 2.3 MP (1920 x 1200 for Zivid One+ and 1944 x 1200 for Zivid Two) to capture point clouds of a scene. Because of the 1:1 correlation between pixels and points, the generated point cloud consists of 2.3 million points. For every pixel, XYZ (mm), RGB (8-bit), and SNR can be provided, where SNR is the Signal-to-Noise Ratio. The data is stored as a matrix of shape [1920, 1200, 7] or [1944, 1200, 7] depending on the camera.
Zivid inside a protective housing
Color and depth image can be directly extracted from a Zivid point cloud. Examples of how to do this are shown in our GitHub repository.
Zivid output formats
From Zivid Studio, you can save the point cloud in Zivid Data File (*.zdf). In addition, you can export the point cloud (File → Export) in the following formats:
 - PLY file - Unordered points (*.ply)
 - PLY file - Ordered points (*.ply)
 - ASCII points (*.xyz)
 - Point Cloud Data File - Unordered (*.pcd)
Zivid studio export options
The Zivid Data File (*.zdf) is the native Zivid file format. If you are using the API, you can loop over the point cloud and save the X, Y, Z, R, G, B, and SNR data in whichever format you prefer. Check out our Samples to see how to read or convert Zivid data using C++, C#, Python, and MATLAB.
The easiest way to view a Zivid point cloud is to copy the ZDF file to your PC and use Zivid Studio. Alternatively, you could use the API to convert ZDF to PLY (or use our Python script) and use a 3D viewer, e.g. MeshLab or CloudCompare.
ASCII points (*.xyz)
ASCII characters are used to store cartesian co-ordinates. XYZ are separated with white space. In our version, RGB values are also added for each point. Each new point is separated with a newline character. This file can be viewed in a regular text editor.
PLY file (*.ply)
PLY is a file format developed at Stanford. Learn more about PLY.
Point Cloud Data file (*.pcd)
PCD is a file format native for Point Cloud Library. Learn more about PCD.


I'm not sure what the て-form does in this sentence.
Could it be short for ている?
It's hard to say something definitive without more context, but it's probably either one of the followings:
 1. The te-form used as a request. "Please include things about Wallenstein, too."
 2. The main verb after 含めて (教えてください, 話そう, etc.) is omitted, because it's already specified before this sentence. "(Tell me about the incident.) Including things about Wallenstein."
 - 文脈はたぶんこれかと – Chocolate Jun 14 '15 at 15:38
 - Oh then, "何だって思うようにはいかない" is the omitted phrase. "Things won't always go well. Including the affairs about Wallenstein (which is not going well, either)." – naruto Jun 14 '15 at 15:49
 - How do you figure out what is omitted? Does it just come with experience? – Tomm Jun 14 '15 at 22:17
 - The sentences before this basically say how difficult his life has been, so I think it's natural to understand this sentence along the same line, too. – naruto Jun 15 '15 at 8:58
No, it can't be short for ている. ヴァレンシュタインさんのことも含めて means "including things about Wallenstein"
Your Answer


text:
We see so many instruments at the beginning of the school year that have been hiding out in a closet for the last twenty or so years just waiting patiently for someone to play it again. When it emerges from the dust bunny corral and coughs and wheezes it's way to the repair shop for a tune up, it's up to us, the repair technicians to evaluate it and decide: is it worth an investment to get it back into playing condition (an overhaul) or is it ready to be made into a lamp?
Here are several factors that we consider when we evaluate the instruments:
- Who is the manufacturer? Is the instrument still being produced?
- Are there any parts missing? Are the parts still available?
- What is the condition of the pads and corks? Have pad mites invaded the instrument or case?
- How are the mechanics of the keys? Is there a lot of side to side wiggle or are they still tightly fit to the posts?
- Does the cost of an overhaul surpass the value of the instrument?
- Will restoring this instrument be a better investment than purchasing a new one? (In many cases the older model student line instruments are a higher quality than current production)
- Is there any sentimental or historical value of the instrument?
The answers to all of these questions help us to evaluate whether to not your instrument is ready for an overhaul or ready to get fitted for its shade. Bring in your instrument to be evaluated today!


Let's talk reader engagement. It comes from tension and from the reader's anticipation of change. And there are three situations a writer can create in order to cultivate dramatic tension and to get readers anticipating change: mystery, suspense, and dramatic irony.
These labels name "story/audience relationships," notes Robert McKee in his book Story.
In this brief article, I want to introduce these concepts and give some clear examples for each.
When the audience knows less than the characters do, we have a "mystery" situation. What does this look like? Pick up any book you have lying around, and the read the first page. You're bound to see some mystery. Here are the first few lines of David Mitchell's Slade House, the first book I grabbed:
Whatever Mum's saying's drowned out by the gravy roar of the bus pulling away, revealing a pub called The Fox and Hounds. The sign shows three beagles cornering a fox. They're about to pounce and rip it apart.
The character, the first-person narrator whose name, we later learn, is Nathan, knows some things we readers don't. He knows what city they're in; he knows approximately where they've just arrived and what they're going to be doing; he knows how he feels about this errand they're on; he knows his mother and his relationship with her.
But these lines from the book give us the proverbial tip of the iceberg for all of those things. They don't fully reveal any of that information, thereby leaving the reader to ask questions about the very things Nathan already knows. What are they doing? Where are they? Why is he already reading predatory intent into pub signs?
That's how mystery draws us in. We read on because we want to catch up with what the characters in the story already know.
Robert McKee points out that mystery, which you could call a writer technique for engaging the reader, creates curiosity.
Read the rest of the article
Another great article on how to pair surprise and suspense.
Share Facebook Share on Twitter
Back to Write City Blog


text:
Welcome From The Head of Early And Middle Years, Andrew Crider
Andy Crider first came to Woodstock with his parents in 1979 and graduated from the school in 1993. He has a Bachelor's degree in History, along with Certification in Education (Social Studies), from Messiah College in Pennsylvania, USA.
The Middle Years Programme has about 120 students in Grades 6-8.
During these years, students move from the multidisciplinary classrooms of the Early Years and begin to focus on individual subjects taught by specialist teachers.
We believe that the programme in the Middle Years should addresses all facets of student growth, and in doing so provides the foundations for students to successfully mature into lifelong learners. As such, our approach includes carefully designed learning experiences that extend well beyond the purely academic sphere; to development in our students a profound sense of self, healthy interpersonal relationships, a deep sense of global citizenship, and the skills to survive and thrive in today's world.
Woodstock School is a candidate for the International Baccalaureate (IB) Middle Years Programme (MYP), which from July 2017 has formed the curriculum for Grades 6-8. The MYP Programme Curriculum covers a wide range of subject areas, from language and literature and mathematics, to design and science. Click here to find out more about the MYP Programme Curriculum, including an overview of each subject and detailed assessment criteria for Years 1-3.
Middle Years is also a key period during which students develop their personal identity. Our Middle Years educators demonstrate a deep commitment to the social and emotional well-being of the young people in their care. Our Head of Middle Years takes the lead in pastoral care, monitoring individual progress and supporting student development. Alongside this students are supported by a group of Advisors – faculty members responsible for groups of eight to twelve students. Apart from regular weekly meetings, Advisor Groups get together socially once or twice a semester in order to help foster positive relationships between students and staff.


162, today +7
India Himachal Pradesh MehatpurBasdehra Published June 12, 2021 ID #645
What are the health benefits of Swarna Prashana (Suvarna Prashana)?
The health benefits of Swarna Prashana (Suvarna Prashana) are explained in an ancient classic textbook called "Kashyapa Samhita." According to Ayurvedic texts Swarna Prashana (Suvarna Prashana) shows following benefits. 1. Boosts Immune system
2. Enhances Memory
3. Improves Digestion
Swarna Prashana accelerates the process of digestion and hence improves the absorption of essential nutrients from food. Many children often suffer from gastric discomfort and reduced appetite. Swarna Prashana improves appetite and thus promotes healthy body growth.
4. Nourishes the skin
Good skin is a sign of good health. Swarna Prashana expels the unwanted toxins from the body causing total body de-toxification. It also improves the blood circulation which further results in improved skin texture and imparts glow to the skin.
5. Reduces mental agitation
6. Improves hearing and vision
Swarna Prashana is known to improve the sense of hearing and vision.
7. Improves overall physical and mental health
Swarna Prashana improves the blood circulation in the body and also stimulates the nervous system, thereby leading to overall good physical and Mental Health. What Does Swarna Prashana (Suvarna Prashana) Contain?
Swarna Prashana (Suvarna Prashana) is a unique combination of Swarna bhasma (gold ash) mixed with honey and ghee that is fortified with arka, an herbal extracts like vacha, brahmi, shankupushpi, etc.
How Does It Work?
Swarna Prashana (Suvarna Prashana) contains gold as the main ingredient. It is made into Suvarna bhasma through a special process because gold cannot be consumed in its metallic form. Gold is known to boost Immunity as well as enhance memory.
Another important ingredient present in Swarna Prashana (Suvarna Prashana) is the honey. Honey is prepared by collection of pollen grains. Since pollen grains are known to cause allergic reactions, consumption of honey in very low doses is believed to gradually prepare the body to fight against other allergens. Honey is also known to act against inflammation and improve digestion.
Ghee or Ghrita which is the third important component of Swarna Prashana (Suvarna Prashana), acts as an effective medium in which herbal medications can be prepared. Ghee or Ghrita shows unique properties of acquiring the medicinal values of herbs added to it.
Who Should Have Swarna Prashana (Suvarna Prashana)?
Swarna Prashna can be given to anyone aged 0 to 16 years. It can be taken daily for a period of 30 days or can be taken specifically on the pushya nakshatra.
When to take:
1. On an empty stomach preferably in the morning
2. Do not have food at least for 30 minutes after consumption of swarnaprashan
Importance of Pushya Nakshatra For Swarna Prashna
It is recommended that Swarna Prashna should be taken on pushya nakshatra. Pushya refers to nourishment and pushya nakshatra is one of the most auspicious of the 27 nakshatras. The symbol of pushya nakshtra is the cow udder. If observed on the pushya nakshatra, the stars in the sky appear in an arrangement that that creates cow udder. Cow udder is associated with nourishment and so the Swarna Prashna is taken on pushya nakshatra to get optimum nourishment and benefits. Swarna Prashna can be consumed on a
 Name: elinna joness
 Enter the words above:
 Leave your comment (spam and offensive messages will be removed)


What you need to know about the Land Owner Transparency Act
28 August 2019
This article was co-authored by James Stewart, an articling student in Gowling WLG's Vancouver office.
The Land Owner Transparency Act (British Columbia) ("LOTA" or the "Act") received royal assent on May 16, 2019 and will be in force once regulations are passed. LOTA is part of the government's efforts to bring enhanced visibility on the ownership of land in British Columbia. Once the Act is operational, individuals and entities who directly or indirectly hold beneficial interests in British Columbia land will be required to disclose specific information such as place of residence, SIN number, tax residency, etc. The disclosure requirements will apply to all parties who fundamentally own and control land including corporations, partnerships and trusts. A portion of the information collected will be made available and publically searchable by way of registry administered by the Province's Land Title and Survey Authority ("LTSA").
Who will be affected?
LOTA's disclosure requirements are wide-reaching. With certain exceptions, LOTA will affect anyone who currently holds or may acquire an interest in land in British Columbia (including any leased land where the term of the lease is more than 10 years). Reporting bodies and interest holders are obligated to comply with LOTA.
 1. Reporting Bodies
A reporting body is defined under LOTA as a relevant corporation, a trustee of a relevant trust or a partner of a relevant partnership. Such reporting bodies are required to file transparency declarations and/or transparency reports. There are three main types of reporting bodies, all of which are subject to certain reporting obligations: relevant corporations, relevant trusts and relevant partnerships:
 1. Relevant Corporations – LOTA defines relevant corporations as all corporations and limited liability corporations which have not been expressly excluded.
 2. Relevant Trusts – LOTA applies to all trusts unless they are excluded.
 3. Relevant Partnerships – LOTA captures all types of partnerships including general partnerships, limited partnerships, limited liability partnerships, professional partnerships, foreign partnerships, prescribed partnerships, or a legal relationship, created in another jurisdiction that is similar to any of the above-mentioned types of partnerships.
 1. Interest Holders
LOTA's disclosure obligations extend to individuals who are considered interest holders under the Act. Interest holders fall into three broad categories: a i) beneficial owner; ii) corporate interest holder; or iii) partnership interest holder:
 1. A Beneficial Owner – An individual is a beneficial owner if the individual:
 1. has a beneficial interest in land other than an interest that is contingent on the death of another individual; or
 2. has the power to revoke the relevant trust and receive the interest in land; or
 3. is a corporate interest holder (described below) in respect of a relevant corporation and the relevant corporation has a beneficial interest in land or the power to revoke the relevant trust and receive the interest in land.
 2. A Corporate Interest Holder – An individual is a corporate interest holder if the individual:
 1. has a beneficial or registered interest in a significant amount of shares of a corporation (defined as 10% or more of outstanding shares or 10% or more of the voting rights in a corporation); or
 2. has the rights or ability to directly or indirectly appoint the majority of the board of directors in a corporation or has the ability to significantly control an individual with the rights or ability to appoint or remove a majority of directors; or
 3. through jointly held interests, rights or abilities, meets the criteria set out in (a) or (b), in such case, all such individuals are considered cooperate interest holders.
 3. A Partnership Interest Holder – An individual is a partnership interest holder if the individual:
 1. is a partner in a relevant partnership; or
 2. is a corporate interest holder in a relevant corporation which is a partner in a relevant partnership
However, if the individual is a partner in a relevant partnership but does not have any interest, ability or rights in respect to an interest in land, then the individual will not be a partnership interest holder for the purposes of the Act.
What actions are required?
Three main situations trigger a reporting body's obligation to file under LOTA: i) the registration of a new interest in land at a land title office ("LTO"); ii) pre-existing interests in land; and iii) changes in interest holdings in land. When registering a new interest in land, the transferee must file a transparency declaration to disclose whether or not the transferee is a reporting body, and if so, which type of reporting body. The transferee is considered a reporting body it is also required to file a transparency report to disclose information about the reporting body itself and all relevant interest holders. If immediately before the coming into force of section 15 of LOTA, a relevant corporation, a trustee of a relevant trust, or a partner of a relevant partnership is a registered owner of land, then such corporation, trustee or partner must file a transparency report within a limited time period to be set by the LOTA regulations. If an entity becomes a reporting body or discovers a prior filing is inaccurate due to a change in the interest holder, the reporting body must file a transparency report within two months of the entity becoming a report body or being aware of the inaccurate information.
What information must be disclosed?
The following information must be disclosed in a transparency report by reporting bodies and interest holders:
 1. Interest Holders – Reporting bodies must report the following information regarding each of their interest holders: primary identification information (full name, citizenship status, location of principal residence, etc.), last known address; SIN number; tax number (if applicable); residency status for tax purposes; and a description of how they are an interest holder.
 2. Relevant Corporations – Relevant corporations must disclose the information described in (a) for all of its interest holders; the relevant corporation's business number, if any, within the meaning of the Income Tax Act (Canada); the incorporation, continuation, amalgamation or other identifying numbers given to the corporation by the jurisdiction in which they were incorporated; and the parcel identifier assigned to the land to which the transparency report relates.
 3. Relevant Trusts – The reporting body must disclose the information required in paragraph (a) above for each of the settlors of the relevant trust as well as the parcel identifier assigned to the land to which the report relates. In addition, the reference number of any relevant trust instruments must be disclosed.
 4. Relevant Partnerships – The relevant partnerships must disclose the partnership's primary identification information; business number under the Income Tax Act (Canada); and the identifying number, if any, issued to the partnership by the jurisdiction in which it was formed.
What information will be available on the public registry?
In an effort to enhance transparency, a searchable registry database will be make available to the public. The registry database will be maintained by the LTSA and will disclosed primary identification information in respect of interest holders and reporting bodies. There will also be a 90-day window before information is made public to allow for an application under LOTA to keep the primary identification information confidential in certain cases.
What inspections and demands for information can be made under the act?
Under LOTA, enforcement officers are permitted to carry out investigations to ensure compliance with the legislation. The enforcement officers are granted the power to: inspect records and other material or property that may relevant to the investigation; obtain personal information; remove records or other property for the purposes of conducting the investigation; and make copies or extracts of records.
There is a duty under LOTA to cooperate with the investigation, however, LOTA does not extend the powers of the officers to search the records of a lawyer if the lawyer claims such records are protected by solicitor-client privilege.
What are the penalties for non-compliance?
Non-compliance with LOTA can have significant consequences. If a party improperly submits or fails to submit the appropriate documents, the LTO has the authority to refuse registration of an interest in land. Apart from the refusal to register the land, direct contraventions of LOTA can result in administrative penalties.
Related Real Estate


From P2P Foundation
Jump to: navigation, search
The Hacker Way
"The principles of open source include openness, democracy, access, iterative improvements, and collaboration. Zuckerberg calls this the hacker way and details the principles as:
He then distills the hacker way down to five key principles:
 1. Focus on impact
 2. Move fast
 3. Be bold
 4. Be open
 5. Build social value."


Murdoch Stephens: NZers who welcome immigration should get off the fence
New Zealand is among the most welcoming nations on earth to immigrants and their cultures. Photo / Nick Reed
Last year saw plenty of opportunity to use the word "xenophobe" to describe people who are fearful of strangers and foreign people.
2016 was the year where the major English-speaking countries' voters turned inwards and away from the world. Brexit and Trump seemed synonymous with a fear and dislike of the foreigner.
The coming year will be different as we've already seen with international condemnation of Trump's ban on Muslim immigration. People can no longer sit on the fence. And so 2017 will become the year of the xenophile.
A xenophile is a person who has affection for, or is attracted to, foreign peoples, manners or cultures. Xenophiles like to explore the world and the people in it. They consciously put fears to the side because they know they would miss out on much of life if they avoided new experiences.
The difference between the xenophobe and the xenophile does not come down to the nation.
While most people associate xenophobia with nationalism and a dislike of foreigners, the prefix "xeno-" means stranger as well as foreigner. A xenophobe from Invercargill may have little time for Aucklanders.
There are all sorts of differences that trouble the xenophobe: skin colour, culture and religion are the obvious ones.
The fear at the heart of xenophobia is a fear of difference so you're likely to find a rural xenophobe disliking city people, or a sexist xenophobe fearing feminists.
Xenophiles are just as complex. Just because the xenophile is interested in other cultures it does not mean they don't love their own culture.
When we first hear of a kind of person who is the opposite of the xenophobe we might think of a person who fully adopts the culture of another country. But that sort of thinking has as much in common with the generalising of the xenophobe and is rarely sustained.
Xenophiles, by contrast, are happy in their own skin but are also attracted to the rest of the world.
It is the softer understanding of xenophile that will triumph in 2017: the love of other cultures for the languages, arts, foods and the refreshing new experiences that they provide.
It is at this point that an extreme xenophobe - or should we just call a racist a racist? - will point to the treatment of women in Saudi Arabia or of homosexuals in Iran.
Now aside from these xenophobes' genuine concern for feminist or queer rights - I don't doubt that for a second - the repugnant behaviours of one or two foreign countries will be generalised to argue that there exists an unbridgeable chasm between Islam and the Christian world, or the East and West, or just "us Kiwis" and "bloody foreigners".
In the "Double the Quota" refugee campaign, we sometimes witness the peculiar spectacle of xenophobes arguing against a fair increase in the quota based on other countries' treatment of women.
But our refugee intake privileges women-at-risk and families with children. Their fantasy of a refugee quota comprised of young Muslim men shows that these xenophobes know little about global refugee issues and are drawn to fear and hatred in direct opposition to the facts of the matter.
Is it a bit presumptuous to think that just a year after Trump and Brexit that 2017 would see the opposite focus on welcoming the stranger? Maybe. But those who think that the victory of Trump and Brexit indicate a generational movement of xenophobia and turning away from the world are missing an important point.
As with the anti-TPP protests in New Zealand, the antipathy towards globalism is more about economics than a dislike for foreign people.
Trump's win and Brexit both used xenophobic language, but the average voter seemed far more likely to point to the economy than immigration.
An Ipsos poll from September 2016 showed New Zealanders far more open to immigrants and refugees than 22 other countries. Part of this is because of the number of well-travelled New Zealanders, who were more favourable to being open to the world. We were the most likely country of all polled to agree that immigrants make the country a more interesting place to live.
The xenophile will triumph in 2017 for little reason more than New Zealanders have always been xenophiles. It's just that this year will be the first in some time that we will need an actual word to describe our openness to the stranger.
- Murdoch Stephens is a campaigner for New Zealand to enlarge its annual refugee intake.
- NZ Herald
Get the news delivered straight to your inbox
© Copyright 2017, NZME. Publishing Limited
Assembled by: (static) on production apcf05 at 28 Apr 2017 11:00:01 Processing Time: 523ms


Sonoran Desert
Sonoran Desert
Location Map of the Sonoran Desert (North America)
Location Map of the Sonoran Desert
(North America)
Saguaro Cactus
Saguaro Cactus
Gilded Flicker
Gilded Flicker
Photographer: Glenn Seplak
Costa's Hummingbird
Costa's Hummingbird
Photographer: Alan D Wilson of
Black-tailed Jackrabbit
Black-tailed Jackrabbit
Photographer: Jim Harper
Photographer: Alan D Wilson of
Location USA & Mexico
Area 311,000 sq. km (120,000 sq. miles)
The Desert Environment
The Sonoran Desert is one of the largest and hottest deserts in North America and it covers an area of 311,000 sq. kms (120,000 sq. miles). It is situated in south western USA in the states of Arizona and California, and in Mexico in the states of Sonora, Sinaloa and Baja California.
The landscape of the Sonoran Desert is varied; broad, sandy or rocky plains are broken up by numerous barren mountains. There are two major rivers which cross the desert, the Colorado River and its tributary the Gila River and during storms small desert streams are formed but these quickly dry out.
The sub-regions of the Sonoran Desert include:
Colorado Desert
Gran Desierto de Altar
Lechuguilla Desert
Tonopah Desert
Yuha Desert
Yuma Desert
The Sonoran Desert is one of the hottest in North America. In summer the air temperatures routinely exceed 40°C (104°F) and often reach 48°C (118°F). These high temperatures interact with cool moist air in the atmosphere and they produce the violent thunderstorms of the summer monsoons.
Winter temperatures are generally mild. Valley bottoms are usually free from frost, but the surrounding mountains may have dense snow cover at high elevations and north and east aspects. During December and January there is frequent, low intensity rainfall.
Annual precipitation in the Sonoran Desert averages from 76 - 500 mm (3 - 20 inches) depending on location.
Plant Life
The Sonoran Desert is abundant in shrubs and trees that have adapted to survive in hot, arid conditions. Their probing roots take as much moisture as possible from the soil, and they generally have small, waxy leaves that minimize water loss.
Cacti are among the most striking desert plants. They have spines that are actually modified leaves and after a rainstorm their roots absorb water very quickly and it is stored for long periods within their stems. The Sonoran Desert is the only place in the world where the famous Saguaro Cactus grows in the wild. Other species of cacti include cholla, bevertail, hedgehog, fishhook, prickly pear, night blooming cereus and organ pipe.
Creosote bush, bur sage, indigo bush, and mormon tea are examples of shrubs that may be found and wildflowers of the Sonoran Desert include desert sand verbena, desert sunflower, evening primroses, desert marigold and bluebonnet.
Much of the wildlife of the Sonoran Desert has adapted to cope with the harsh heat and periods of drought. Some species shelter underground during the day and emerge at night to feed, while others remain underground for months and emerge after seasonal rainfall has improved their food supply.
Invertebrates - the Sonoran Desert is home to a vast number of species of invertebrate which include spiders, scorpions, beetles, mites, wasps and bees.
Reptiles - the most impressive reptile that can be found in the Sonoran desert is the venomous Gila Monster, although they are generally shy and retiring creatures. Other reptiles include the desert iguana, collard lizard, zebra-tailed lizard, sonoran sidewinder, western diamondback rattlesnake, sonoran mountain kingsnake and the black mexican kingsnake.
Birds - one of the most remarkable birds that can be found in the desert is the greater roadrunner. They dart across the ground at up to 25 km/hr and they capture a variety of prey including venomous rattlesnakes. The gila woodpecker and gilded flicker often drill their nest holes in the giant saguaro cactus and these are sometimes taken over later by elf owls. Other species of bird include anna's hummingbird, costa's hummingbird, canyon wren, lawrence's goldfinch, spotted owl, lucy's warbler, cactus wren, mourning dove, sage sparrow, bendire's thrasher and grey vireo.
Mammals - Over 60 species of mammals can be found in the Sonoran Desert and these include predators such as the kit fox and the coyote. Other species of mammals include the antelope squirrel, desert pocket mouse, desert kangaroo rat, round-tailed ground squirrel, ringtail, lesser long-nosed bat, desert bighorn sheep, and the black-tailed jackrabbit.
Amphibians - there are around 20 species of amphibians found in the Sonoran Desert which include the colorado river toad.
Interesting Facts
The Sonoran Desert is home to over 17 contemporary Native American tribes. They have settlements at American Indian Reservations in California and Arizona as well as populations in Mexico.
The largest city in the Sonoran Desert is Phoenix, Arizona which has a population of approximately 4.3 million people.
There are many parks, conservation areas, research facilities etc in the Sonoran Desert and these include:
Arizona - Sonora Desert Museum
Saguaro National Park
Joshua Tree National Park
South Mountain Park
Kofa National Wildlife Refuge
Coachella Valley National Wildlife Refuge
Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument
Sonoran Desert National Monument
Indio Hills Palms State Reserve
Sonoran Arthropod Studies Institute
Contact About Glossary Site Map Privacy Policy
CC 2006 - 2014


text:
Definition of family :
1. A group of kindred or closely related individuals; as, a family of languages; a family of States; the chlorine family.
2. A group of organisms, either animal or vegetable, related by certain points of resemblance in structure or development, more comprehensive than a genus, because it is usually based on fewer or less pronounced points of likeness. In zoology a family is less comprehesive than an order; in botany it is often considered the same thing as an order.
3. Course of descent; genealogy; line of ancestors; lineage.
4. Honorable descent; noble or respectable stock; as, a man of family.
5. The collective body of persons who live in one house, and under one head or manager; a household, including parents, children, and servants, and, as the case may be, lodgers or boarders.
6. The group comprising a husband and wife and their dependent children, constituting a fundamental unit in the organization of society.
7. Those who descend from one common progenitor; a tribe, clan, or race; kindred; house; as, the human family; the family of Abraham; the father of a family.
common people, seed, descent, mob, family unit, domicile, planetary house, division, tier, blood relation, kin group, folk music, star sign, stratum, dependent, the Brady Bunch, birth, family line, mansion, business firm, harem, companionship, kinsfolk, colony, ancestry, homely, syndicate, gang, home plate, pool, clansman, alliance, league, habitation, folks, black sheep, pack, fellowship, extraction, direct, generic, firm, eldest, socio-economic class, company, clanswoman, tribe, rabble, house, nursing home, rout, course of study, rest home, base, abode, rubric, place, kindred, ethnic music, dwelling house, subspecies, genealogy, parentage, ring, coterie, course of instruction, sign, dwelling, elder, home base, sept, bloodline, phratry, theatre, affinity, social class, kinship group, illegitimacy, close, theater, distant, crime syndicate, sign of the zodiac, consortium, the elder, kinsperson, filial, course, precede, pedigree, bracket, menage, relationship, year, illegitimate, legitimate, charge, origin, plate, commune
domestic (part of speech: adjective)
kindred (part of speech: adjective)
category (part of speech: noun)
kingdom, rank, step, persuasion, category, stamp, people, feather, breed, genotype, series, strain, variety, classification, make, stripe, grade, grain, sort, genus, set, form, level, mold, style, kind, order, ilk, denomination, caste, type, species, taxonomy, label, brand, class, race, degree, designation, line, stock, phylum
kinship (part of speech: noun)
fatherhood, motherhood, kinfolk, ancestor, cousin, lineage, brotherhood, heredity, father, kinship, niece, fraternity, relation, nephew, blood, maternity, flesh, mother, aunt, sisterhood, sister, paternity, uncle, kin, clan, brother, consanguinity, relative
posterity (part of speech: noun)
mankind (part of speech: noun)
- I don't think any other girl ever had such a family as mine!" - "Pixie O'Shaughnessy", Mrs. George de Horne Vaizey.
- But her family was more, far more, to her than her world was. - "The Quality of Mercy", W. D. Howells.
- Let us always think of these men who knew each other well as a family. - "Chopin The Story of the Boy Who Made Beautiful Melodies", Thomas Tapper.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Around the world, billions of people rely on water from snow and glaciers. However, rising temperatures and political turmoil could mean rapidly diminishing water resources for these vulnerable regions—most notably being high mountain Asia according to new findings released at the American Geophysical Union.
The study, also published in Nature on Monday, refers to these valuable mountains as "water towers." While some of us (ahem, me) may imagine tall metal towers with the local town's name stamped on it, the authors are, in fact, talking about mountains. These are the real water towers of the world.
The paper examines 76 mountain regions to explore the climate and societal pressures on water resources. The climate side of the analysis includes temperature and precipitation while the socioeconomic side factors in population growth, economic development, and urbanization as potential stressors.
Of the 76 regions in the study, the research identifies the Indus Basin tucked between India and Pakistan as both the world's most important tower and its most vulnerable. More than 200 million people rely on water stored in the high peaks, and that number is set to grow. On top of all that, scientists project the temperature in the region to increase by 1.9 degrees Celsius (3.4 degrees Fahrenheit) by 2050. The two neighboring countries will have to find a middle ground in managing this water resource if they're going to succeed in sustaining it, a tall task for two nuclear powers with a history of fighting.
"It's not only climate change that will influence the water supply of the mountains, but the socioeconomic factors may even be stronger in driving the huge demands," Walter Immerzeel, one of the 32 authors of the paper who is also a geosciences professor at Utrecht University in the Netherlands, said during a press conference on the research.
Because of these socioeconomic pressures, mountain regions of South America and Asia rank higher in vulnerability than those in North America. That's not to say that North American water towers are insulated from threats. Population and temperature increases are putting more pressure on water resources such as the Fraser and Columbia River Basins in the Pacific Northwest.
This is the first index of its kind to measure these competing pressures on the water towers of the world. The findings of increasing stress in many places aren't necessarily all that surprising because, well, a warmer world is bound to melt some glaciers (which store water) and mess with precipitation patterns. Still, the authors had to devise a particular system to rank water basins. They began by qualifying how important a tower was. They measured this by analyzing the precipitation, snow cover, glacier ice storage, and surface water to determine the supply of water it holds. Then, they pit that against the demand. That includes the amount of water needed to meet the demand for irrigation, industry, and domestic purposes. This type of index can be used going forward to plan for future water stress—and potentially mitigating it.
As populations around the world continue to explode, especially in the Global South, leaders will have to shift their conservation strategies to ensure there's enough water for everyone. And as authors made clear during the press conference on the research, these mountains can also help address the energy crisis we face as we are forced to leave behind fossil fuels through hydropower. Hydropower definitely comes with its own environmental issues, but we do need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. That's the first step to protecting the world's water. And, even then, we'll still feel the impacts on the global food supply and biodiversity.
"It's important," Immerzeel said, "we develop mountain-specific policy to protect and preserve these beautiful mountains."


text:
- Use the sun to fry, bake or broil food.
- Experience and learn about solar radiation
- Great for Hunters, Hikers or Campers
Oven has reflective surfaces that concentrate heat radiation in the central chamber, resulting in temperatures up to 350 degrees or more.
Bake brownies, potatoes, hamburgers, etc. Caution: Recommend parent/teacher supervision as heat could reach 450 degrees.
Grades 3-12. Teacher's Guide gives suggestions for classroom experiments.
Ages 14 and up.


text:
Use canned Actions for frequent replies
Respond to repetitive support queries faster by inserting canned responses in ticket replies, without spending time typing manual replies. HappyFox allows you to create a repository of Canned Actions, which can be used for ticket reply or private note.
Applicable Plans: ✔ Mighty ✔ Fantastic ✔ Enterprise ✔ Enterprise Plus
Canned Actions has two functions:
Auto-fills a predefined response with dynamic placeholders (Merge Fields).
Performs changes to ticket properties such as status, priority, assignee etc.
Note: Both the functions mentioned above are optional towards defining a Canned Action. For example, Canned Actions can be customized to do ticket property changes without inserting any message.
Go to Automate >> Canned Actions.
Note: Page visibility is governed by a permission "Manage Canned Actions". If you are not able to see this page, contact your administrator.
Manage Canned Actions:
In this page, in addition to viewing existing/creating new canned actions, you may
- Export all Canned Actions to CSV/Excel.
- Edit, Clone or Delete Canned Actions through more actions.
Create a New Canned Action:
- Click Create a Canned Action.
- Enter the content of the message that will be added on applying the Canned Action. Adding message as part of a Canned Action is optional.
- Choose the ticket properties that need to change and set appropriate values.
- Enter name and description for the Canned Action. Choose applicable categories and define if the Canned Action will be publicly available.
- Click Finish Creating a Canned Action
Using Merge fields in Canned Actions message:
You can add merge-fields to your canned action message and have them replaced in real-time while adding a canned action to a ticket reply or a private note.
Currently, Merge Fields for canned actions will not work when used along with Bulk Actions.
View/Modify Existing Canned Actions:
- Click on the desired Canned Action to view/edit in the Canned Actions page.
- Find all the information about that Canned Action in the "Quick Preview".
- Click "Edit" to edit the Canned Action information.
- Click "Clone" to create a similar Canned Action.
- Click "Delete" to delete the Canned Action.
Add Canned Action to a Ticket Reply/Private Note:
- Go to Ticket Details page of any ticket.
- Make sure Canned Actions are defined for the ticket's associated category.
- Click "Reply" or "Private Note".
- Select the desired Canned Actions from the list of Canned Actions inside the editor.
- Confirm your changes to text and send a reply.
To know how Canned Actions work in HappyFox Classic, refer to the document attached.


are as follows:
 - As features in a geodatabase
 - As elements in a graphics layer
 - As proprietary data structure
The best choice depends on where in the drawing order your events need to draw, whether you want to use standard rendering objects, and whether or not you need to support a proprietary data format.
In all cases, the standard invalidation model of drawing should be used. That is, create an object that draws (layer, graphic element, or event handler), plug it into your map, and call IActiveView.PartialRefresh when you want it to draw.
Animation support
IViewRefresh makes it easy to quickly refresh the display to show live objects. Clients should use AnimationRefresh rather than PartialRefresh to invalidate their custom drawing object. For example, you can store live features using a layer with its own display cache. Animation is accomplished by moving features, invalidating the layer (with AnimationRefresh), and allowing redraw to occur naturally. When AnimationRefresh is used instead of PartialRefresh, the following optimizations and tradeoffs are enabled:
 - Text anti-aliasing is temporarily disabled. This prevents labels from being redrawn each time the animation layer is invalidated. Anti-aliased text uses the background as part of its rendering so typically, when anything below it changes, the text must draw from scratch.
 - Transparent layers above the animation layer are not automatically invalidated with the animation layer. This speeds up the redraw with the following limitation: Features in the animation layer will no longer show through the transparent layer above it.
 - All drawing is directed to the recording cache HDC rather than the window. This causes drawing to occur behind the scenes. When drawing is complete, the window is updated once from the completed recording cache. The result is less flashing.
To avoid excessive central processing unit (CPU) consumption during rapid drawing, you can make a call to UpdateWindow between invalidating old location and invalidating new location.
For additional information, see the following topics:
The display objects define a generic IDraw interface, which makes it easy to draw to any display. As long as you use IDraw or IDisplay to implement your drawing code, it doesn't matter what kind of device you're drawing to. A drawing sequence starts with StartDrawing and ends with FinishDrawing. For example, create a routine that builds one polygon in the center of the screen and draws it. The shape is drawn using the default symbol.
Adding display caching
Some drawing sequences can take a while to complete. A simple way to optimize your application is to enable display caching. This refers to the ScreenDisplay's ability to record your drawing sequence into a bitmap, then use the bitmap to refresh the picture box's window whenever the Paint method is called. The cache is used until your data changes and you call IScreenDisplay.Invalidate to indicate that the cache is invalid. There are two kinds of caches: recording caches and user-allocated caches. Use recording to implement a display cache in the sample application's Paint method.
Pan, zoom, and rotate
A powerful feature of the display objects is the ability to zoom in and out on your drawing. It's easy to implement tools that let you zoom in and out or pan. Scrolling is handled automatically. To zoom in and out on your drawing, simply set your display's visible extent. For example, add a command button to the form and place the code (which zooms the screen by a fixed amount) in the Click event of the button.
Printing is similar to drawing to the screen. Since you don't cache or scroll when drawing to the printer, SimpleDisplay can be used. Create a SimpleDisplay object and initialize its transform by copying the ScreenDisplay's transform. Set the printer transformation's device frame to the pixel bounds of the printer page. Finally, draw from scratch using SimpleDisplay and the printer's HDC.
Output to a metafile
There's little difference between creating a metafile and printing. If you specify zero (0) as the Bounds parameter to CreateEnhMetaFile, MyDraw can be used. Substitute hMetafileDC for hPrinterDC. To specify a bounds to CreateEnhMetaFile (in HIMETRIC units), set the display transformation's device frame to the pixel version of the same rectangle.
Print to a frame
Some projects require that output be directed to a sub-rectangle of the output device. It's easy to handle this by setting the display transformation's device frame to a pixel bounds that is less than the full device extent.
Advanced drawing effects, such as color transparency, can be accomplished using display filters. Filters work with a display cache to allow a rasterized version of a drawing to be manipulated. When a filter is specified to the display, the display creates an internal filter cache that is used with the recording cache to provide raster info to the filter. Output is routed to the filter cache until the filter is cleared. At that point, the display calls IDisplayFilter.Apply. Apply receives the current background bitmap (recording cache), the drawing cache (containing the drawing that occurred since the filter was specified), and the destination HDC. The transparency filter performs alpha blending on these bitmaps and draws them to the destination HDC to achieve color transparency. New filters can be created to realize other effects.
For additional information, see Display events.
For further information see:
How to add display caching
Sample: Triangle graphic element
Dynamic display
The ArcGIS Display subsystem manages map display and refresh. Intensive map rendering and unsynchronized display refresh can lead to CPU overload. CPU overload can delay or even prevent display refresh and user interaction with the display. The dynamic display technology moves graphics-intensive rendering from the CPU to the graphics hardware and significantly improves performance.
The following table gives a brief description of the dynamic display interfaces in the Display library:
DynamicDisplay provides the mechanism to draw different geographical geometries on the map in addition to providing access to DynamicGlyphFactory.
DynamicDrawScreen is used to draw geometries on the map using screen coordinates. DynamicDrawScreen use is similar to DynamicDisplay, where you first set the symbol's properties using DynamicSymbolProperties, then use DynamicDrawScreen to draw the geometry.
DynamicGlyphFactory is used to manage DynamicGlyphs. With DynamicGlyphFactory, you can get, create, and delete DynamicGlyphs. This means that you can use either standard ArcObjects symbols (such as character marker symbols, text symbols, image symbols, and so on) or external resources (such as icons and bitmaps). In addition, DynamicGlyphs can be created from dynamic glyph groups, which are actually a mosaic image of several glyphs where each glyph is mapped to a specific location in the mosaic. Using DynamicGlyphs from a glyphs group results in better drawing performance since there is only one OpenGL texture created for an entire group. The dynamic display includes an internal default glyphs group; however, you can use your own glyphs groups and load and unload them using DynamicGlyphFactory.
DynamicSymbolProperties allows you to set various properties of the active symbol, such as color, scale, heading, and glyph. The idea behind DynamicDisplay is that at any given time, it has an active symbol for points, lines, and text. With DynamicSymbolProperties, you can control this symbol before drawing it to the map.
To draw marker symbols with labels (or attributes) surrounding them, use IDynamicCompoundMarker2, which allows you to draw both the marker symbol and its attributes at the same call. It provides the option to draw from 1 to 10 attributes around the marker symbol and allows you to control the offset from the marker to the text.
A dynamic glyph handles the resource needed to be rendered by the DynamicSymbol. This can be a resource for a line, marker, or text. DynamicGlyphs are managed by DynamicGlyphFactory.
The IDynamicMap interface is used to control DynamicDisplay. The interface is used to enable and disable DynamicDisplay and to control global properties of the dynamic map.
DynamicMap can be enabled using the IDynamicMap interface, which is implemented by the Map class. Use IDynamicMap to enable or disable the dynamic display. When enabled, the dynamic display creates an OpenGL rendering context to draw the basic map layers, as well as the dynamic layers that are drawn on top of the base layers.
For information on switching between dynamic and standard map modes, see the section Using the dynamic display to enable the dynamic map in the topic Best practices for using dynamic display.
Color is used in many places in ArcGIS applications - in feature and graphics symbols, as properties set in renderers, as the background for ArcMap or ArcCatalog windows, and as properties of a raster image. The type of color model used in each of these circumstances varies. For example, a window background is defined in terms of a red, green, blue (RGB) color because display monitors are based on the RGB model. A map made ready for offset-press publication would have cyan, magenta, yellow, and black (CMYK) colors to match the printer's inks.
The color objects are shown in the following diagram:
Color can be represented using a number of different models, which often reflect the ways in which colors can be created in the real world.
The RGB color model is based on the primary colors of light - red, green, and blue. When red, green, and blue rays of light coincide, white light is created. The RGB color model is termed additive, as adding the components together creates light. By displaying pixels of red, green, and blue light, your computer monitor can portray hundreds, thousands, even millions of different colors. To define a color as an RGB value, you give a separate value to the


text:
We're very proud of the Dutch score in the Global Innovation Index 2013. In the table below you can see the ranking of all countries. The Netherlands scored a 4th place with an innovation score of 61.1 points.
- Switzerland is leading the score;
- The United Kingdom beats the Netherlands (but only with 0.1 point);
- The Netherlands is more innovative than the USA and Germany.
Let's focus on the Netherlands: what are the strengths and weaknesses? In the next table you find the different indicators used to identify the weaknesses and strengths of innovations in the Netherlands.
Things you might notice:
- Online e-participation and online creativity is very high (99.2);
- The low percentage of graduates in science and engineering!
Vitaphone Netherlands contributes to the high score because we develop and implement new solutions to make healthcare more efficient and effective.


Formatting a value as a string
A common question I get asked when people are merging values from a Google spreadsheet into a GDoc and/or PDF is how to format the values. So I have written this formatString() function.
For example if you wanted to use it in the createPdf() function the main for-loop would be replaced with:
for (;columnIndex < headerRow[0].length; columnIndex++) {
 var nextValue = formatString(activeRow[0][columnIndex])
 var header = headerRow[0][columnIndex]
 copyBody.replaceText('%' + header + '%', nextValue)


, Volume 23, Issue 4, pp 759-768
Concerted regulation of lysine and threonine synthesis in tobacco plants expressing bacterial feedback-insensitive aspartate kinase and dihydrodipicolinate synthase
Purchase on Springer.com
$39.95 / €34.95 / £29.95*
Rent the article at a discount
Rent now
* Final gross prices may vary according to local VAT.
Get Access
The essential amino acids lysine and threonine are synthesized in higher plants by two separate branches of a common pathway. This pathway is primarily regulated by three key enzymes, namely aspartate kinase (AK), dihydrodipicolinate synthase (DHPS) and homoserine dehydrogenase (HSD), but how these enzymes operate in concert is as yet unknown. Addressing this issue, we have expressed in transgenic tobacco plants high levels of bacterial AK and DHPS, which are much less sensitive to feedback inhibition by lysine and threonine than their plant counterparts. Such expression of the bacterial DHPS by itself resulted in a substantial overproduction of lysine, whereas plants expressing only the bacterial AK overproduced threonine. When both bacterial enzymes were expressed in the same plant, the level of free lysine exceeded by far the level obtained by the bacterial DHPS alone. This increase, however, was accompanied by a significant reduction in threonine accumulation compared to plants expressing the bacterial AK alone. Our results suggested that in tobacco plants the synthesis of both lysine and threonine is under a concerted regulation exerted by AK, DHPS, and possibly also by HSD. We propose that the balance between lysine and threonine synthesis is determined by competition between DHPS and HSD on limiting amounts of their common substrate 3-aspartic semialdehyde, whose level, in turn, is determined primarily by the activity of AK. The potential of this molecular approach to increase the nutritional quality of plants is discussed.


text:
areas of use of arc suppression methods, among them metal film deposition and sputtering, arc flash protection, electrostatic processes where electrical arcs are not desired (such as powder painting, air purification, PVDF film poling) and contact current arc suppression. In industrial, military and consumer electronic design, the latter method generally applies to devices such as electromechanical power switches, relays and contactors. In this context, arc suppression refers to the concept of contact protection.
Part of the energy of an electrical arc forms new chemical compounds from the air surrounding the arc; these include oxides of nitrogen, and ozone, which can be detected by its distinctive sharp smell. These chemicals can be produced by high-power contacts in relays and motor commutators, and are corrosive to nearby metal surfaces. Arcing also erodes the surfaces of the contacts, wearing them down and creating high contact resistance when closed.
- The Electric Arc, By Hertha Ayrton, page 94
- Luckiesh, Matthew (1920). Artificial light, its influence upon civilization. New York: Century. p. 112. OCLC _PHONE_.
- "Arc". The Columbia Encyclopedia (3rd ed.). New York: Columbia University Press. 1963. LCCN 63020205.
- Davy, Humphry (1812). Elements of Chemical Philosophy. p. 85. ISBN 0-217-88947-6. This is the likely origin of the term arc.
- Kartsev, V. P. (1983). Shea, William R, ed. Nature Mathematized. Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic. p. 279. ISBN 90-_PHONE_-9.
- Howatson, A.M. (1965). An Introduction to Gas Discharges. Oxford: Pergamon Press. pp. 47–101. ISBN 0-08-020575-5.
- Mehta, V.K. (2005). Principles of Electronics: for Diploma, AMIE, Degree & Other Engineering Examinations (9th ed., multicolour illustrative ed.). New Delhi: S. Chand. pp. 101–107. ISBN 81-_PHONE_-2.
- "Arc Suppression". Retrieved December 6, 2013.
- "Lab Note #106 Environmental Impact of Arc Suppression". Arc Suppression Technologies. April 2011. Retrieved October 10, 2011.
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Electric arc.|
- "High Voltage Arcs and Sparks" Videos of 230 kV 3-phase "Jacobs Ladder" and unintentional 500 kV power arc
- High Voltage Arc Gap Calculator to calculate the length of an arc knowing the voltage or vice versa
- Ívkisülés Electric arc between two carbon rods. Video on the portal FizKapu (Hungarian)
- Unusual arcing photos


text:
Habitat preference of three–spined stickleback juveniles in experimental conditions and in the wild eelgrass
Rybkina E.V., Ivanova T.S., Ivanov M.V., Kucheryavyy A.V., Lajus D.L.
Rybkina E.V., Ivanova T.S., Ivanov M.V., Kucheryavyy A.V., Lajus D.L. 2016. Habitat preference of three–spined stickleback juveniles in experimental conditions and in the wild eelgrass // Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. Published online: 09 June 2016, pp. 1-9.
Long-term population dynamics of three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus in the White Sea during the 20th century has patterns similar to that of eelgrass Zostera marina. In this study we address possible mechanisms of such association through analysis of spatial distribution of juvenile stickleback in the wild and their substrate preferences in experimental conditions. Samples from different habitats (Z. marina, Fucus spp.) in 13 localities of Kandalaksha Bay have shown that the juvenile sticklebacks occurred mainly in the eelgrass beds. Their density was significantly lower in fucoids. In the experiments, carried out in August 2008–2009, the juveniles were offered the following types of substrates: brown macroalgae (dense and scarce), eelgrass and control (no substrate). In the experiments sticklebacks also showed a tendency to prefer eelgrass to fucoids, even if the density of the latter was higher. This may explain their higher densities associated with eelgrass in the wild.
Keywords: behaviour, distribution, fucoids, Gasterosteus aculeatus, juveniles, White Sea, Zostera marina


text:
Palace of HolyroodhouseEdit profile
Holyrood Palace is built beside the earlier Holyrood Abbey where Kings of Scotland were crowned. The abbey, the remains of which can still be seen (to the left of the Palace) was built by King David I in 1128. Much altered over the centuries, reroofing in 1758 with stone slab caused the vaulting to collapse ten years later. The abbey has been a ruin ever since.
In the 15th century, the Abbot's guest house became used by the Kings of Scotland as their Edinburgh residence in prefernce to Edinburgh castle which was deemed uncomfortable. In the 16th century it became the main Royal residence with the abbey becoming the Chapel Royal.
The Palace as we see it today, is a product of the late 17th century. It was rebuilt as a Viceregal Residence. The Palace has two eleborate gateways, one to the bottom of the Royal Mile and another leading towards Arthur's Seat. Still in use today, the Palace is open to the public and is the official residence in Scotland of Her Majesty The Queen. During The Queen's Holyrood week, which usually runs from the end of June to the beginning of July, Her Majesty carries out a wide range of official engagements in Scotland.


text:
Welcome to Blackbeard Island NWR
Blackbeard Island was acquired by the Navy Department at public auction in 1800 as a source of live oak timber for ship building. In 1924 the island was placed under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Biological Survey to be maintained as a preserve and breeding ground for native wildlife and migratory birds. A presidential proclamation in 1940 changed its designation from Blackbeard Island Reservation to Blackbeard Island National Wildlife Refuge. In 1975, three thousand acres of the refuge were set aside as National Wilderness. Blackbeard Island was named for Edward Teach, alias Blackbeard the Pirate. Rumors of Blackbeard's buried treasure still flourish, but no evidence of his fortune has ever been discovered.
The island is comprised of interconnecting linear dunes thickly covered by oak/palmetto vegetation. There are approximately 1,163 acres of open freshwater or freshwater marsh, 2,000 acres of regularly flooded salt marsh, 2,115 acres of maritime forest, and 340 acres of sandy beach.
The primary objectives of the refuge are to provide wintering habitat and protection for migratory birds; provide protection and habitat to promote resident and migratory wildlife diversity; and to provide protection and management for endangered and threatened species (loggerhead sea turtle, wood stork, piping plover). Notable concentrations of waterfowl, wading birds, shorebirds, songbirds, raptors, deer, and alligators can be seen at various times of the year.
Getting There...
Blackbeard island is accessible only by boat, and transportation to the island is not provided by the Fish and Wildlife Service. Visitors are welcome to bring their own private watercraft, or arrangements for trips to the refuge can be made through local boat captains and marinas, as well as authorized tour guides. A public boat ramp on Harris Neck NWR (Barbour River Landing) may be used as a launching site for trips to the island.
Your innkeepers can put you in touch with local charter captains who provide transport to Blackbeard Island


What is Extreme Energy?
Extreme Energy (sometimes written Xtreme Energy) is a term used to describe a group of energy extraction methods that have emerged in recent years as the availability of fossil fuel resources has become more constrained. As more usual methods of extracting fossil fuels fail to provide the amounts of energy that civilisation demands governments and corporations are taking increasingly extreme measures to feed these demands. Examples of these extreme methods include Tar Sands, Mountain Top Removal, Deep Water Drilling, Coal Bed Methane and Shale Gas. Other non-fossil fuel energy extraction methods such as agrofuels and a new generation of nuclear power stations, whose introduction is also being driven by the same pressures, are also sometimes considered part of the extreme energy sector.
For more information read this blog post >>


What number is VI?
Your question is: What numbers are the Roman numerals VI? Learn how to convert the Roman numerals VI into the correct translation of normal numbers.
The Roman numerals VI are identical to the number 6.
VI = 6
How do you convert VI into normal numbers?
In order to convert VI into numbers, the number of position values (ones, tens, hundreds, thousands) is subdivided as follows:
Place valueNumberRoman numbers
How do you write VI in numbers?
To correctly write VI as normal numbers, combine the converted Roman numbers. The highest numbers must always be in front of the lowest numbers to get the correct translation, as in the table above.
6 = (VI) = 6
The next Roman numerals = VII
Convert another Roman numeral to normal numbers.


text:
Caffeine intake may help overcome dry eye syndrome (DES) — caused by the diminishing ability to produce tears with symptoms like grittiness, scratchy or smarting sensation and production of stringy discharge from the eyes — reveals a study. The disease, for many, could simply be annoying, but for others it could lead to the loss of vision. DES affects about four million people aged 50 and above in the US alone. Earlier research has shown the coffee could help cure skin cancer although on the flipside it has been linked to infertility in women.
Researchers led by Reiko Arita, from the University of Tokyo's School of Medicine, conducted tests on 78 participants, who produced significantly more tears after consuming caffeine than after taking a placebo, the journal Ophthalmology reported.
The research was inspired by an earlier study that had shown a reduced risk for dry eye in caffeine users: 13 percent of users had the syndrome compared to nearly 17 percent of non-users, according to a Tokyo statement.
The team knew that caffeine was likely to stimulate tear glands, as it was known to increase other secretions, such as saliva and digestive juices. They also knew that people respond differently to caffeine, so they analysed study participants' DNA samples for two genetic variations that play important roles in caffeine metabolism, the university said.
Tear production proved to be higher in participants who had two genetic variations.
"If confirmed by other studies, our findings on caffeine should be useful in treating dry eye syndrome," said Arita. "At this point, though, we will advise using it selectively for patients who are most sensitive to caffeine's stimulating effects."


Clickers Not Charging - Pads Do Not Work or Light Up When Buttons Pressed
Not what you were looking for? Search here.
This article applies to rechargeable ALL In Learning - ALL In Response (AIR) clicker systems where one or more pads stops charging, will not respond, and will not flash any lights when buttons are pressed.
Because of ALL In Learning's revolutionary charging system, AIR clickers should charge enough to register a response within a couple of minutes. When troubleshooting a possible charging problem, you don't have to wait overnight to see if a solution worked!
Problems with an Individual Clicker or Two?
If a pad will not show any lights when buttons are pressed, but all other pads appear to be charging, it may be defective. However, the rate of defective pads is incredibly low, so there could still be a problem with the charger that is not obvious because the other pads still have some charge left in them and this is simply the first to run down.
Troubleshooting a rechargeable pad:
 1. See the instructions below to be sure your charging base is charging correctly, and try charging the pad again. If it is one of the pads in the add-on side-storage rack, try moving it to the middle inside the charging base to see if it will charge better.
 2. Go to the Settings icon (looks like a gear) at the upper right of your ALL In Learning account, and click AIR Tools. Follow the on-screen prompts to diagnose whether the pad is in fact working and if so, get it responding to your receiver unit again.
Problems with Many Clickers at Once?
If all clickers are losing their charge and not recharging, it's likely caused by an issue with the power, the charger, or the adapter. Here are the troubleshooting steps:
 1. Make sure the pads are placed in the charger right-side-up.
 2. Make sure the electrical outlet on the wall has power. Often, users discover their outlet isn't working or has a switch that wasn't turned on. Plug in a lamp to double check the outlet. Try a different outlet altogether. It's surprising how often this is a problem!
 3. Confirm you are using the correct adapter. If another teacher has a system that is working fine, compare adapters with them. You can read the label on the "black box" section of the adapter, and see that it should say "Triad - Model WSU060-1250" or "V-Infinity Class 2 Power Supply - Model EPS060100." The adapter should have an output of 6.0v, and from 1.0A to 1.25A.
 4. With the adapter plugged in, you can lift up the charging station around the adapter plug and see a blue or red light inside.
 This can be a good sign, though it has happened that this light was shining even though the wrong adapter was being used and the pads wouldn't charge until the correct adapter was used.
 5. Can you try swapping your adapter with another teacher that is known to be working and see if it solves the problem? Adapters fail occasionally.
 6. Can you try swapping your charging station with another teacher that is known to be working and see if it solves the problem? This can show whether yours may be defective.
Note: On a full charge pads should give you 250-300 responses.
Need Further Assistance?
If after these steps your pads are not charging and working, please contact technical support for further assistance at, and please include what steps you tried and what you discovered.
Additional keywords: charged Charger Base Recharge adaptor adapter not working recharged
Powered by Zendesk


text:
We were recently visited by a local indigenous community member with the exciting news that a hornbill nest had been found. This is part of a scheme that pays local community members for providing information on hornbill nests so we can then monitor their breeding behaviour.
Thanks to Pak Ajer we were taken to a nest tree that turned out to contain a female Bushy-crested Hornbill Anorrhinus galeritus and at least one chick. When ready to lay eggs, the female will seal herself into a tree hole using mud, leaving a small hole through which she can receive food. Female hornbills must rely on their mate to provide food for her and the chicks. However, for the Bushy-crested Hornbill, it is not only the male that provides food but also offspring from previous years.
We have been able to sit and watch this wonderful spectacle for many hours, seeing several birds delicately passing fruit through the hole to the waiting female. Pak Ajer told us that this nest had been active for around 4 weeks, which means we expect the female and chicks to break out from the nest in another 8-9 weeks.
Camera trap images are often of large charismatic mammals, but during the last 14 months of camera trapping surveys we have come to realise the value of this equipment for collecting information on birds too, specifically the galliformes or 'gamebirds'. So far we have recorded the globally-threatened Crestless Fireback Lophura erythropthalma, the near threatened Great Argus Argusianus argus and Crested Partridge Rollulus rouloul, and Red Jungle Fowl Gallus gallus, the wild ancestor of the domestic chicken. Interestingly we have yet to record the near-threatened Crested Fireback L. ignita, which is less rare than its crestless cousin.
Very little information exists for Crestless Fireback in Sumatra. We hope that our camera trap data will provide a better understanding of its abundance and distribution. This will support the conservation management of a species threatened by a reduction in the area and quality of lowland forest throughout its range in Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei.


text:
Where God is, there is Peace
John 14:27; Matthew 10:34; 2 Timothy 1:7; and Psalm 46
- What is peace according to man?
- What is peace according to God?
- How can there be peace when we use a "sword"?
- How God's peace affects an individual?
- How does God's peace affect a group of people?
- How much will God's peace affect the world?
- Are your thoughts, your words, your attitudes more geared towards peace or war?


text:
Teaching College Science, Session 1
How do we help students learn how to learn science?
How do we help our students learn how to learn science? How can we translate the research in cognitive science into effective practices to help students learn to read, write, and problem solve in the discipline?
Faculty, post-doctoral fellows, and graduate students are invited to this discussion of the literature and sharing our best practices. We'll discuss 2-3 short articles each session on effective ways to teach the processes of science given what the research says about how students learn. Participants are asked to read the short on-line articles before each session. Lunch will be provided.
There are two sessions, January 8th and 15th. Please sign up for each session individually.


What happens when a chemical bond is formed?
(A) energy is always absorbed
(B) energy in always released
(C) more energy is released than is absorbed
(D) energy is neither released nor absorbed
Correct Answer : energy is always absorbed
Question Asked : SSC Section Officer (Audit) Exam 1997
Explanation : If a bond is broken, energy Is released; and If a bond is formed, energy must have been absorbed. The energy within bonds is'stored' and can be easily thought of as potential energy. Upon the breaking of these bonds, the energy is released thereby creating usable energy.
Useful Quotations for : UPSC, State PSC, IBPS, SSC, Railway, NDA, Police Exams
Tags : Chemistry, chemistry Question
Always Ask Questions


text:
A number going in company; hence, a company, or a number of persons associated for a particular purpose; a group of laborers under one foreman; a squad; as, a gang of sailors; a chain gang; a gang of thieves.
A combination of similar implements arranged so as, by acting together, to save time or labor; a set; as, a gang of saws, or of plows.
A group of teenagers or young adults forming a more or less formalized group associating for social purposes, in some cases requiring initiation rites to join; as, a teen gang; a youth gang; a street gang.
A group of persons organized for criminal purposes; a criminal organization; as, the Parker gang.
A grouping of forms arranged to print together with a single impression. Also known as gang printing, gang run, or gang up.
1. A set of tools, machines, etc. designed or arranged to work together. 2. A group of workers directed by a foreman. 3. A group of people associated together in some way.
To adjust multiple tracks at the same time, as in the Premiere Audio Mixer window.
Group of frames or impositions in the same forme of different jobs arranged and positioned to be printed together as a single impression. Also known as gang printing, gang run, or gang up.
Group of ratings in a particular rate, as in sonar gang or black gang.
Any combination of multiple tracks that are grouped. An edit that is performed on one track is also performed on tracks that are ganged together.
Artworks mounted together so that they can be reproduced/printed together.
Five fen lighters, or two Stour (Suffolk) lighters, chained together for navigation.
A number of workmen acting together especially for loading and/or discharging operations of a vessel in combination with the necessary gear. (On a vessel for instance 6 gangs can be ordered to discharge or load.)
an association of criminals; "police tried to break up the gang"; "a pack of thieves"
an organized group of workmen
tool consisting of a combination of implements arranged to work together
act as an organized group
a bullying group of individuals that draws its strength from numbers for the purpose of pushing other people around
a group of boys who don't know any men
a group of gamers bound together for a common cause to help establish a community for mutual protection or for greater glory
a group of individuals who have symbols of membership, permanence, and criminal involvement
a group of individuals who share a common identity and engage in illegal activities
a group of individuals working together to commit crimes
a group of individuals working toward unlawful ends, which the tagging crew does through its graffiti
a group of men under the command of a leader, bound by a compact of association, in which the plunder is divided according to an agreed convention
a group of people that picks on people smaller and nerdier than they are so they can look cool
a group of people who commits crimes (basically)
a group of people who want to be seen as different from others and want others to perceive them as a distinct group
a group of people, you can use it in all kinds of sentences
a group of persons working toward unlawful or anti-social ends," Boyd said
a group of teens and young adults that hang out together and are involved in joint violent, illegal, or criminal activity
a group of three or more people who have a common name, sign, or identifying symbol, and engage in criminal activities
a group of three or more persons who have a common identifying sign, symbole, or name who individually or collectively engage in or have engaged in, criminal activity which creates and atmosphere of fear and intimidation
a group of wandering NPCs which appears randomly in the city and then marches toward a room with a public terminal
a group of young men who band together to help each other at other people's expense or regardless of other people's rights
an organized group of youth who have a name and a symbol
an organized group with a recognized leader whose activities are either criminal or, at the very least, threatening to the community
a small organized group created to further the objectives of its members
gang urn-shaped vessel
A group of stevedores under a supervisor who are assigned to load or unload a portion of a vessel.
the term used to describe a grouping of labels supplied in sheet form
Group of workmen acting together especially for loading and/or discharging operations of a vessel in combination with the necessary technical equipment.
Any identifiable group or club which exists without the sponsorship of school or sponsorship of any recognized adult community or civic organization and which has no acceptable social goals.
A group of stevedores, usually four to five members, with a supervisor assigned to a hold or portion of the vessel being loaded or unloaded.


I've learned sum of exponential random variables follows Gamma distribution.
But everywhere I read the parametrization is different. For instance, Wiki describes the relationship, but don't say what their parameters actually mean? Shape, scale, rate, 1/rate?
Exponential distribution: $x$~$exp(\lambda)$ $$f(x|\lambda )=\lambda {{e}^{-\lambda x}}$$ $$E[x]=1/ \lambda$$ $$var(x)=1/{{\lambda}^2}$$
Gamma distribution: $\Gamma(\text{shape}=\alpha, \text{scale}=\beta)$ $$f(x|\alpha,\beta )=\frac{1}{{{\beta }^{\alpha }}}\frac{1}{\Gamma (\alpha )}{{x}^{\alpha -1}}{{e}^{-\frac{x}{\beta }}}$$ $$E[x]=\alpha\beta$$ $$var[x]=\alpha{\beta}^{2}$$
In this setting, what is $\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n}{{{x}_{i}}}$? What would the correct parametrization be? How about extending this to chi-square?
 - 9
 $\begingroup$ As a rough-and-ready rule of thumb, probabilists tend to use $\Gamma(t,\lambda)$ to denote a Gamma distribution with mean $\frac{t}{\lambda}$ (that is, $f(x) = \frac{\lambda}{\Gamma(t)}\cdot (\lambda x)^{t-1}\exp(-\lambda x)\mathbf 1_{(0,\infty)}$ while statisticians tend to use $\Gamma(\alpha,\beta)$ to denote a Gamma random variable with mean $\alpha\beta$, not $\alpha/\beta$ the way you have it. Wikipedia describes both conventions. $\endgroup$ – Dilip Sarwate May 6 '12 at 21:32
 - $\begingroup$ sorry, you are correct. $\endgroup$ – edwin May 6 '12 at 21:43
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ Two hints: 1. remember to check by dimensionality consistency. (eg. does the parameter have the same dimensionality of $x$, or its recyprocal...?) 2. because here the parameter of the gamma is an integer, it might be slightly easier to use plain factorials, and the Erlang distribution (of course, it's the same) $\endgroup$ – leonbloy May 6 '12 at 21:44
 - $\begingroup$ _USER_ So please edit your question to correct the expressions for mean and variance. $\endgroup$ – Dilip Sarwate May 6 '12 at 21:47
 - $\begingroup$ _USER_ edited! $\endgroup$ – edwin May 6 '12 at 21:52
The sum of $n$ independent Gamma random variables $\sim \Gamma(t_i, \lambda)$ is a Gamma random variable $\sim \Gamma\left(\sum_i t_i, \lambda\right)$. It does not matter what the second parameter means (scale or inverse of scale) as long as all $n$ random variable have the same second parameter. This idea extends readily to $\chi^2$ random variables which are a special case of Gamma random variables.
 - $\begingroup$ The thing that confuses me is some books write $exp(\lambda)$ where $\lambda$ is the rate, while others meant 1/rate. Is there a consistent notation? Unless I see the pdf, I will not know what they mean. $\endgroup$ – edwin May 6 '12 at 22:25
 - 4
 $\begingroup$ If you think that is confusing, wait till you encounter normal random variables. There are at least three different interpretations of $X \sim N(\mu,s)$ that statisticians use. $\endgroup$ – Dilip Sarwate May 7 '12 at 0:57
 - $\begingroup$ lol, that is just ruining innocent souls that want to study the subject. I personally think that is just poorly written on the author's part, at the same time, I do agree that I need to adapt the ability to spot wrong things. But still, not when I am taking baby steps. $\endgroup$ – edwin May 7 '12 at 1:42
 - $\begingroup$ Oh well, as the author of the Answer to the other Question, I am disappointed that you think that that Answer is poorly written. Suggestions for improving it are most welcome. $\endgroup$ – Dilip Sarwate May 7 '12 at 1:51
 - 7
 $\begingroup$ I am not referring to your link. $\endgroup$ – edwin May 7 '12 at 3:09
The sum of $n$ iid exponential distributions with scale $\theta$ (rate $\theta^{-1}$) is gamma-distributed with shape $n$ and scale $\theta$ (rate $\theta^{-1}$).
gamma distribution is made of exponential distribution that is exponential distribution is base for gamma distribution. then if $f(x|\lambda)=\lambda e^{−\lambda x}$ we have $\sum_n x_i \sim \text{Gamma}(n,\lambda)$, as long as all $X_i$ are independent.
$$f(x|\alpha,\beta)=\frac{\beta^α}{\Gamma(\alpha)} \cdot x^{\alpha−1} \cdot e^{−x\beta} $$
 - $\begingroup$ I formatted the maths part of your answer. Please check if this is still what you wanted to express. $\endgroup$ – Andy Aug 3 '15 at 8:42
 - 5
 $\begingroup$ Your assertion $\sum x_i \sim \text{Gamma}(n,\lambda)$ is incorrect unless you qualify it by insisting that the $x_i$ are independent random variables. $\endgroup$ – Dilip Sarwate Aug 3 '15 at 12:19
Your Answer


Denmark Cyber Army
The cyber power of Denmark depends on a lot of things like budget, technology and knowledge of the fifth domain.
In Denmark, the following languages are spoken:
Danish, Faroese, Greenlandic (Inuit dialect), German; English is the predominant second language
The cyber power of Denmark
The code will be in the language of the author, this will make it harder for English speaking countries to decrypt or reverse engineer the attack.
Does Denmark own a large cyber army?
If yes, you can find additional information below:
—Please do note that we LOVE user feedback. So if they do own a cyber army, and we have made a mistake. Please share the official link of the cyber army page.
Budget and force of strongest armies
country listing cyber army
In the list above you will be able to view the armies which have a big budget.
Share this information


Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
Knowles, John
Year of Publication:
Series/Report no.:
IZA Discussion Papers No. 2909
The rise in per-capita labor over the last 30 years is difficult to explain in a standard macroeconomic model because rising wages of women should have lead to a large rise in husband's leisure. This paper argues that home production and bargaining are both essential for understanding these trends, and develops an equilibrium model of marriage and bargaining. Calibration to US data suggests that the bargaining position of husbands has deteriorated with the closing of the gender gap in wages, that the decline of home-equipment prices plays a role in the rise in per-capita hours, and that the labor trends are consistent with stationarity along a balanced-growth path.
Document Type:
Working Paper
Files in This Item:
624.49 kB


111 Waterloo Street, Suite 310
London, ON N6B 2M4
Self Employment
January 10, 2019
Self employment is no panacea, there are many reasons why people become self-employed ranging from seeking autonomy in the workplace, to desperation after losing regular employment and everything in between. Self employment may be attractive from the point of view income, assuming the business is successful, but that too can have a negative consequence.
The more money you earn the more taxes you will be required to pay, so most self-employed people turn to an accountant to help them negotiate Canada's complex tax laws and find ways of minimizing their tax exposure. The jeopardy is, by showing less income, the self-employed person may have trouble negotiating credit for mortgages, credit cards and even for business expansion.
Self employment can present challenges to a Licensed Insolvency Trustee when determining if you have "surplus income". Surplus income is based on a framework provided by the Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy, it requires that bankrupt individuals making income above an established threshold should pay some of that extra (surplus) to the trustee to benefit the creditors.
When calculating surplus income, the trustee must consider all sources of income, tax deductible or not. While some drawings may be allowable for tax purposes but that may not be the case for surplus income calculation. The same may apply to certain pensions that have a tax-exempt status, they still constitute income.
Paying taxes can be a challenge for people who are self-employed because cash flow is rarely steady. Once behind on tax remittances the CRA can be relentless in its collection activity, seizing bank accounts and signifying receivables which can impact the business' reputation and ability to continue operations.
Filing a proposal or bankruptcy will stop the CRA's seizure of accounts and may allow the business to continue operations but still under threat of a tarnished reputation. The credit challenges faced by self employment prior to an insolvency proceeding are heightened following a filing. Nonetheless, credit will still become available and slowly return to normal.
We have seen several self-employed clients successfully rebuild their credit ratings starting with access to credit within months of being discharged from bankruptcy. Now we caution that everyone's situation is different, and results will vary, but it seems that lenders are still in the lending business and looking for clients, self-employed or not.
If you are self-employed and experiencing cash flow challenges leaving you behind on your obligations give the office a call _PHONE_ and come in for a free consultation to explore if a bankruptcy or proposal might be a good solution for you.


text:
The Resource Center to Address Discrimination and Stigma Associated with Mental Illness (ADS Center) provides practical assistance to individuals, States, and public and private organizations in the design, implementation, and operation of programs and initiatives to reduce discrimination and stigma.
"Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General" identified stigma as one of the major barriers that discourage adults with mental illnesses, and the families of children and adolescents with serious emotional disorders, from seeking treatment. Among the consequences of discrimination and stigma for adults who have mental illnesses are lowered self-esteem; disrupted family relationships; and increased difficulty in building connections in the community, securing housing, and obtaining employment. Children who experience discrimination and stigma may be scarred for life.
The goal of the ADS Center is to enhance mental health consumer independence and community participation by ensuring that people have all the information they need to develop successful efforts to counteract discrimination and stigma.
The ADS Center will act as a key resource and tool for the companion Center for Mental Health Services (CMHS) program, the Elimination of Barriers Initiative (EBI). The EBI works with States and other stakeholders to reduce the discrimination and stigma associated with mental illnesses. Over a three-year period, the EBI will develop and test models and public education materials - including radio, television, and print public service announcements (PSAs) - in eight pilot States around the country. Upon completion of the evaluation, CMHS will distribute the resulting evidence-based public education practices and materials to States and communities across the nation.
To Contact the ADS Center:
The ADS Center's toll-free number is _PHONE_. They are open Monday-Friday (9 a.m. - 5 p.m. Eastern Time) with bilingual (English/Spanish) staff.
11420 Rockville Pike
Rockville, MD 20852