Jewelry Diamonds
How To Distinguish Between Sapphire And Ruby
Sapphires as well as dark reds are actually gems that are actually both a kind of diamond mineral. While these gems are actually incredibly almost synonymous, each rocks are actually renowned for their shades, availability, as well as price. In the event that you're prepped to read more regarding realizing sapphires and also dark reds, their intriguing chemical similarities and also distinguishes, at that point happen analysis for a short guide on these charming precious stones.
Different colors of Rubies as well as Sapphires
The many things is actually the various in between pink sapphires and also pale reddish dark reds are actually confusing. There are actually no specific concepts about what color of reddish makes up (a dark red) and also what tone of pink makes up (a sapphire). Through which a number of the fashion jewelry homeowners acquire these smoggy variation as well as promotion pink diamond precious stones as light-toned dark reds.
The residential properties of each rocks are actually boundless: they each price an 8.0 on the Mohs firmness range, they each possess a refractive document of 1.747 – 1.769 as well as they each possess a certain gravitational force of 3.98 – 4.0.
The major difference in between dark red and also sapphire precious stones is actually shade. Dark reds are actually reddish plus all various other diamond different colors ranges are actually referred to as sapphires. Diamond sapphires possess various shades consisting of blue, orange, pink, as well as yellowish, while dark reds are actually merely reddish in different colors. Furthermore, some white colored sapphires are actually therefore dull in appearance that they can easily without a lot of an extent be actually misinterpreted for a precious stone at a look.
Schedule as well as Price Differences in between Sapphires as well as dark Reds
Authentic dark reds are actually to some extent rare, especially the quite desirable lifeless darkened reddish dark reds. Sapphires are actually a lot more usual than dark reds as well as they are actually a lot located in carat weight measurements that go beyond the measurements of many ruby gems. The differences in the availability in between all-natural dark reds as well as sapphires straight influence the cost variation in between these pair of precious stones. Dark reds are actually valued considerably greater than pearl precious stones if in uncertainty.
Various Meaning of Rubies as well as Sapphires
While each rocks are actually for all intents and also reasons the very same, they possess entirely distinguishing significance:
Dark reds are actually linked with sturdy passion, good luck, defense coming from a drawback, as well as personal inspiration. The dark red is actually the terrific jewel of December and also jewel of July.
Sapphires are actually associated with foundations, blissful info, reliability and also unwaveringness. The sapphire is actually the fantastic jewel of April and also the reducing advantage jewel of September.
Esoteric residential property of Rubies and also Sapphires
Aside from the extraordinary ramifications related to precious stones, there are actually lots of that depend on that the distinct strenuous symbols of these rocks offer esoteric homes of each rocks. For instance, the "observe your joy" type of vigor dark reds possess is actually treasured for its own ability to detox the blood stream and also strengthen the blood circulation platform. Blue sapphires, alternatively, are actually believed to peaceful over action in the physical body and also eliminate worry.
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Here's How To Pick The Right Temperature For Your Refrigerator
It's happened to all of us: you open the refrigerator and pull out the milk only to find it's half frozen, so you turn up the temperature a little. Solved! Except when you open the door the next day, you find your leftover chicken isn't as chilly as you'd like it to be for safety's sake. This up-and-down game we play with our fridges isn't only frustrating, it can waste food. So what's the ideal temperature for your fridge? Unlike many things that occur in your kitchen like cooking or baking — which leave room for creativity and experimentation — this is actually an exact science.
To keep your food fresh and safe, your refrigerator should always be kept between 35 and 38 degrees fahrenheit. But if your fridge is like ours, there isn't actually a thermometer inside; there's just a knob to turn toward "colder" or "less cold." And even if you do have a temperature gauge inside, they are famously inaccurate and often off by a few degrees. So how do you check to make sure your fridge is being kept at the right temperature? You can actually buy an appliance thermometer at most home stores or online. Once you have one, all you have to do is set it up inside your fridge and let it sit for twenty minutes. Then check the temperature and adjust accordingly (via Real Simple). Now, to keep your fridge at the right temperature, there are a few tricks you can follow.
Tips to keep your fridge cool
First, pull your fridge a few inches away from the wall and leave it there. This prevents the coils and other machinery in the fridge from insulating themselves against the wall and keeping heat in. Basically, you're letting it breathe and cool off. Next, while you have the fridge pulled away from the wall, you could clean out the coils. If your fridge is older, the coils will be near the back; if it's a newer appliance, they'll be across the front on the bottom, behind a grille. Use a vacuum to remove dust, dirt, and build up. Another simple tip? Keep the fridge closed! Try to resist standing in front of the open door, deciding what to snack on. Instead, open and shut the door as efficiently as possible (via kitchn).
What you put in your fridge can greatly affect temperature and efficiency, too. Let warm food cool off before you put it the fridge to preserve it. This makes a big difference; not only will it prevent the fridge from rising in temperature, but it will conserve energy by not forcing the fridge to cool itself down again. Also, a full fridge actually works best; even if you don't have a ton of food, you can fill pitchers of water and place them inside. Not only will this help your fridge regulate its temperature most efficiently, but you'll always have fresh, cool water to drink (via kitchn).


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National Library of Medicine: Native Voices
LocationNational Library of Medicine, NIH Campus, Bethesda, MD
Located on the same campus as the National Institutes of Health, where scientists conduct cutting-edge medical research, this gallery takes a different path to promote the same mission. The Native Voices gallery celebrates the story of Native Peoples' concepts of health and healing with a chorus of voices, coming from Native Americans, Native Alaskans, and Native Hawaiians, sharing perspectives on traditional beliefs and practices. As visitors journey through the exhibit, they will encounter interactive kiosks with content-rich timelines, dynamic visualizations with a montage of archival images, and touchscreen towers packed with oral history videos. Nature, community, and spirit are interconnected with Native ideas of health—this exhibit borrows from such traditional motifs to share the enduring wisdom of Native medicine.© 2013 Second Story, Inc.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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There are no crescent and stars on the doors or walls of two holy mosques, except you see a crescent shape on the minarets. Is there any basis for taking the crescent or star as a symbol of the Muslims in Sharee'ah?, questions Dr.Fiaz Fazili.
Throughout the history, people have used symbols to represent their spiritual beliefs. Today, the star and crescent is commonly accepted as a symbol of Islam, and is used in national flags of many Islamic countries e.g., Algeria, Azerbaijan, Comoros, Malaysia, Maldives, Mauritania, Pakistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, Uzbekistan, and Western Sahara.,cover of magazines, doors of mosques, halal meat shops, wayside restaurants, decorative arts, ceramics and jewelry. Many Muslim scholars consider that this symbol was not used by the Prophet Muhammad(Pbuh) and therefore has no basis in Islam. What does it symbolize or mean then? Is it a valid symbol for the faith? What prompted me to look back into the Islamic history was, a tatoo,"crescent and star," inscribed below the right index finger of a fellow devotee which diverted my attention in Tashahhud, during one of the Friday prayers in,"masjid nabawi". At the end of prayers, before I could warn this brother about the permissibility of tattoos in Islam, the man disappeared in the crowd. This incident reminded me of our school day habits, when we used to draw crescent and star with green ink on the dorsum of our hands, even some of my uncles had crescent and star tattooed on their wrists.Thus began the search for the origin of the crescent and star and its association with Islam. Contrary to popular belief, the symbol is not Muslim in origin, historians say that they were the insignia of the Ottoman Empire, not of Islam as a whole, and its use today is sometimes controversial in the Muslim world, leaving a scope for further debate from Islamic scholars on this subject-How and when did crescent moon and star become associated with the faith of Islam? Does it symbolize Islam? It's somewhat cloudy even today,if I ask believers, "What type of logo would they suggest for my forthcoming Islamic publication?",the majority most probably still will choose the same, "The crescent moon and star". But, we as Muslims have to weigh the things in Islamic perspective. There are no crescent and stars on the doors or walls of two holy mosques, except you see a crescent shape on the minarets. Is there any basis for taking the crescent or star as a symbol of the Muslims in Sharee'ah? The star and crescent was not known at the time of the Prophet (pbuh)), or at the time of the Khulafa' al-Raashidoon (the first four leaders of Islam after the departure of the Prophet (pbuh) from this earthly world, or during the time of the Umawis (Umayyad dynasty). It emerged some time after that, and historians differ as to when this symbol was first adopted and who was the first to adopt it. Some say it was the Persians, others say it was the Greeks, and that this symbol was somehow passed to the Muslims. (Al-Taraateeb al-Idaariyah by al-Kittaani). The crescent moon and star symbol actually pre-dates Islam by several thousand years, most sources agree that these ancient celestial symbols were in use by the peoples of Central Asia and Siberia in their worship. In fact, the star and crescent has actually acquired its association to the faith by association rather than intent, beginning / starting with the Ottoman Empire.Some historians, believe that the city of Byzantium (later known as Constantinople and Istanbul) adopted the crescent moon as its symbol. The symbol remained in near constant use, it wasn't until the Ottoman Turks took over Constantinople (Istanbul), and they adopted the city's existing flag and the symbol. Since the Ottomans were also ruling Dar al-Islam,(political head of the faith,the House of Islam, the community of believers,) and for hundreds of years, the Ottoman Empire ruled over the Muslim world, folks started adapting the crescent moon as a symbol for Islam in general, and began putting it on mosques, minarets, and anything else they wanted to decorate. But they didn't ever use it for decoration on the holy book Quran, since the Quran was "dictated by the Angel of God to the Messenger of God" and so should not bear any symbol. After centuries of battle with Christian Europe, it is understandable how the symbols of this empire became linked in people's minds with the faith of Islam as a whole. Based on this history, many Muslim scholars reject using the crescent moon as a symbol of Islam. The faith of Islam historically had no symbol, and many refuse to accept it. Christians, seeing the crescent moon displayed as a battle standard, assumed it was the symbol of Islam, analogous to the cross as the symbol of Christianity, but it's not the first time that erroneous understandings have taken root. There is some debate in the Muslim community even today about the use of the crescent as a symbol helps to distinguish Muslim establishments from non-Muslim establishments( crescent and star emblem on meat shops or restaurants helps Muslims to identify a halal food outlet)in a non Islamic society. Some scholars believe that since Islamic calendar is closely associated with the appearance of crescent, hence the attachment. Even in UN the Red Crescent is registered as an alternative logo to cross for international relief. In light of Islamic teachings, also In Quran as such there is no mention of symbols used in Islam or to represent Islam itself. While reviewing the Islamic history, we understand that the Prophet (pbuh) used flags of different colors in different Ghazwat (campaigns commanded by the Prophet) and Saraya (campaign commanded by any Sahabi)" Islamic armies and caravans flew simple solid-colored flags (generally black, green, or white) for identification purposes. The Prophet,s actual favorite color was green. However banners were used in the time of the Prophet(pbuh)- White banner (plain)- (Al Raheeq al Maktoom) Green banner (plain)- Black banner (plain and also with the Tawheed written on it, one flag black on white, on the other white on black, bearing an Arabic inscription inscribed "Nasr um min Allah," "with the help of Allah."or Shahadah "La ilaha ila lalah Muhmamad u Rasulla Allah" "There is no god but Allah(GOD) and Mohammad(saw) is the messenger of Allah." In later generations, the Muslim leaders continued to use a simple black, white, or green flag with no markings, writing, or symbolism on it. Some writers have mentioned even using red color on the Muslim banners. (Evolution of the Arab FlagHadi).Regardless of its origins, the color green has been firmly cemented in Islamic culture for centuries, the famous dome of our beloved Prophet.s resting place is green and green is my favorite color also, crescent and star is still my favorite logo. This leads to the question, what other "symbol" represents the Islamic faith? Is it necessary to even have a symbol? The only way you could really see the symbols of Islam, in my personal opinion is through the biography of Prophet Muhammad( PBUH),no matter how much people tell you about Islam! and no matter how they try to convince you about anything! I think that everything can be seen clearly through this biography! You can see the way He used to act! Try reading daily from the Prophet biography (seerah)! Even if it is one page daily! You will enjoy acquiring the knowledge it! But make sure it's a good one! That's best to my knowledge but Allah knows the best. I hope this helps to remove some misconceptions, and adds to the knowledge about Islamic history,leaving further a scope for Islamic scholars to guide the ummah correctly on this subject, whether we can continue using these signs. (references from Al Raheeq al Maktoom,and Islamic history)


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Treating Childhood Anxiety with Computers, Not Drugs Monday, June 11, 2012
TAU leads Attention Bias Modification trials to address pediatric anxiety disorders
According to the Anxiety and Depression Association of America, one in eight children suffers from an anxiety disorder. And because many anxious children turn into severely anxious adults, early intervention can have a major impact on a patient's life trajectory. The understandable reluctance to use psychiatric medications when it comes to children means child psychologists are always searching for viable therapeutic alternatives.
Now Prof. Yair Bar-Haim of Tel Aviv University's School of Psychological Sciences and his fellow researchers are pursuing a new method to address childhood anxiety. Based on a computer program, the treatment uses a technique called Attention Bias Modification (ABM) to reduce anxiety by drawing children away from their tendency to dwell on potential threats, ultimately changing their thought patterns. In its initial clinical trial, the program was as effective as medication and cognitive therapy for children — with several distinct advantages.
The results of the trial were reported in the American Journal of Psychiatry.
Computers instead of capsules
Children are comfortable with computers, explains Prof. Bar-Haim. And because of the potential side effects of medications or the difficulty in obtaining cognitive behavioral therapy, such as the need for highly trained professionals, it is good to have an alternative treatment method. ABM treatments can be disseminated over the Internet or administered by personnel who don't have to be Ph.D.s. "This could be a game-changer for providing treatment," he says.
Anxious individuals have a heightened sensitivity towards threats that the average person would ignore, a sensitivity which creates and maintains anxiety, says Prof. Bar-Haim. One of the ways to measure a patient's threat-related attention patterns is called the dot-probe test. The patient is presented with two pictures or words, one threatening and one neutral. These words then disappear and a dot appears where one of the pictures or words had been, and the patient is asked to press a button to indicate the dot's location. A fast response time to a dot that appears in the place of the threatening picture or word indicates a bias towards threat.
To turn this test into a therapy, the location of the dot target is manipulated to appear more frequently beneath the neutral word or picture. Gradually, the patient begins to focus on that stimulus instead, predicting that this is where the dot will appear — helping to normalize the attention bias pattern and reduce anxiety.
Prof. Bar-Haim and his colleagues enlisted the participation of 40 pediatric patients with ongoing anxiety disorders and divided them into three groups. The first received the new ABM treatment; the second served as a placebo group where the dot appeared equally behind threatening and neutral images; and the third group was shown only neutral stimuli. Patients participated in one session a week for four weeks, completing 480 dot probe trials each session.
The children's anxiety levels were measured before and after the training sessions using interviews and questionnaires. In both the placebo group and neutral images group, researchers found no significant change in the patients' bias towards threatening stimuli. However, in the ABM group, there were marked differences in the participants' threat bias. By the end of the trial, approximately 33 percent of the patients in this group no longer met the diagnostic criteria for anxiety disorder.
New methods for personalized treatment
These indications of the method's success in treating children warrant further investigation, says Prof. Bar-Haim. In collaboration with the National Institute of Mental Health in the US, a large international trial involving his computer program is now being carried out at more than 20 sites across five continents.
The more options that exist for patients, the better that clinicians can tailor treatment for their patient's individual needs, Prof. Bar-Haim observes. There are always patients for whom medication or cognitive therapy is not a viable option, he explains. "Psychological disorders are complex, and not every patient will respond well to every treatment. It's great to have new methods that have a basis in neuroscience and clinical evidence."
For more psychology and psychiatry news from Tel Aviv University, click here.


From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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A "rageaholic", or "anger addict", is a person who gets excited by expressing rage, or a person prone to extreme anger with little or no provocation.[1] While "rageaholic" is not a formal medical diagnosis, it has been developed as a lay psychology term by counselors and anger-management groups seeking to help people who are chronically angry and who compulsively express fits of rage. There are also 12-step programs for dealing with rageaholics, such as Rageaholics Anonymous in Los Angeles, California, United States (US).[2]
Origin of term[edit]
The word "rageaholic" is patterned after terms such as "alcoholic" and "workaholic", and the condition is called "rageaholism". The term is relatively rare compared to the older term "alcoholic"; that is, 30 major online dictionaries on the Internet define alcoholic, whereas few include "rageaholic" as a valid term.[3]
Potential triggers and coping skills[edit]
Once an alcoholic takes that first drink, their chances of getting drunk increase exponentially. Once a rageaholic expresses their anger, their chances of throwing a tantrum also increase exponentially. Rageaholics Anonymous advises, "Abstaining completely from acting on anger is the only answer for a rageaholic."[4] The following are things that can be done right now to avoid expressing the anger and opening the door to another rageaholic episode.[4]
 - Take responsibility: Regardless of what triggered it, acting on the anger is dangerous for everyone around. It is time to stop blaming others for the rageaholism.[4]
 - Score the anger: Each time they start to lose their tempers, it is useful to score how angry they are on a one-to-ten scale. When they reach a 5 or more, they can try some new behaviors. (See below.)[4]
 - Interrupting: The quickest way to escalate a situation is to talk over someone. Even if they interrupted first, concentrating on not interrupting will help prevent a rageaholic episode.
 - Staring: There is a huge difference between paying attention and glaring. When people stop staring to intimidate, it stops the cycle that escalates internal anger into acting out.
 - Cursing: This is not a moral point. When people stop using profanity, they stop fanning the fire of their anger.
 - Name-calling: It is just like cursing. When people stop using demeaning terms (like calling people "stupid" or "crazy"), they stop the expanding cycle of anger that could lead to a rageaholic slip.
 - Threatening: People use threats to manipulate and control others. A threat usually implies "I will leave you or hurt you." It plays to other's insecurities, usually escalates their feelings and, moreover, takes the anger up a notch.
 - Pointing: Note the cliche, "When we point at someone else, we have three fingers pointing back at ourselves." There is the opportunity to stop blaming others for anger problems.
 - Yelling: When people yell, raise their voices, or talk in a mean tone, they fuel their own anger. Many are unaware when they start to raise their voices. People should ask others to respond when the volume is rising and thank them.
 - Sarcasm: Using sarcasm and mocking others is a way of expressing anger and humiliating people they care about.
 - Throwing things: When people throw things, slam doors, or bang walls, they intimidate others and escalate their anger. It is time for them to stop physically showing their anger.[4]
 - Touching: When people touch, hold, or push someone in anger, they are committing a crime. Even if they claim it is self-defense, aggressive touching must stop. A very high percentage of caregivers deluded into thinking they are superior are guilty of this crime.[4]
 - Hero stories: When people recount angry events with themselves as the hero, they get to re-feel those powerful angry feelings, fueling the addiction and seeming to justify those actions. It is important to take responsibility for the anger, not glorify it.[4]
 - Eye-rolling: People can communicate disgust and anger, non-verbally, by rolling their eyes, sighing or making mouth noises. By doing so, that can often raise the level of animosity by inflaming the other person. It is important to recognize what is being done and abstain from doing it.
 - Criticizing: It is not a responsibility to help everyone with anything they haven't asked for help or advice on. Criticizing and lecturing are no longer on the "to do" list.[4]
 - Angry driving: Speeding, angry horn honking, cutting people off, and yelling at other drivers, are major ways to keep anger bubbling. Reformed addicts attempt to drive in a relaxed manner, regardless of how others are driving.[4]
See also[edit]
 1. ^ "Rageaholic" in Webster's New Millennium of English, Preview Edition (v0.9.7), 2003–2008, Lexico Publishing Co., webpage: Dcom-rageaholic
 2. ^ "Rageaholics Anonymous Stopping the Anger Cycle", adapted from Newton Hightower's Anger Busting 101, Rageaholics Anonymous in Los Angeles, 2007
 3. ^ "alcoholic - OneLook Dictionary Search", OneLook Dictionary Search, 2008, webpage: OneLook-alcoholic.
 4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j adapted from Newton Hightower's Anger Busting 101.
External links[edit]
 - Webster's New Millennium Dictionary of English, Preview Edition (v0.9.7), 2003–2007, Lexico Publishing, Co., webpage: Dcom-rageaholic.


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Attachment 1 Morbidity Categories
 1. Moderate localized pain and/or mild systemic reaction or impairment requiring minor change in normal activities, and associated with some restriction of work activity.
 2. Moderate pain and/or moderate impairment requiring moderate change in normal activities, e.g., house-bound or in bed, and associated with temporary loss of ability to work.
 3. Severe pain, severe short-term impairment, or hospitalization
 4. Mild chronic disability (not requiring hospitalization, institutionalization, or other major limitation of normal activity, and resulting in minor limitation of ability to work).
 5. Moderate to severe chronic disability (requiring hospitalization, special care, or other major limitation of normal activity, and seriously restricting ability to work).
 6. Total impairment.
 7. Reproductive impairment resulting in infertility.
 8. Death.
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"Eternal children", or what is imbecile
Causes of imbecility
Mental retardation may be due to various reasons, but not all of them have been investigated.
- Hereditary tendency;
- The negative impact on the fetus in the womb of certain drugs;
- Bad habits of pregnant women;
- Infection (especially viral);
- Some diseases that the mother had before she became pregnant.
- Pathology of the placenta;
- Severe toxicosis in the period of carrying a child;
- Rhesus conflict;
- The presence of birth injuries;
- The birth of a child ahead of time, as well as the rapid passage of childbirth.
Therefore, all women are recommended to be examined by doctors even before conceiving a child, and during pregnancy to carefully monitor their health.
The same applies to the representatives of the stronger sex.
A factor contributing to the occurrence of the disease may be the harmfulness of the profession of a parent. It is especially dangerous if, as a result of professional activity, you have to deal with radioactive radiation, aggressive chemical reagents.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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For more trusted health
news and information,
visit CBS Chicago's
CHICAGO (CBS) — A Northwestern University research survey at has turned up data showing around 20 percent of all body piercings end up with infections.
As WBBM Newsradio's John Cody reports, the infections are usually mild and local. But on rare occasions, they can lead to toxic shock syndrome, viral hepatitis or endocarditis, among other complications.
LISTEN: WBBM Newsradio's John Cody reports
"(The infection rates) kind of tend to hover around 20 percent," said Dr. Jamie Holbrook, a dermatologist at Northwestern Memorial Hospital. "Any area can become infected."
Holbrook says the most common symptoms are redness and crusting, little local infections. But the more severe infections have led to loss of tissue and even brain abscesses.
Other body piercing complications include allergies, loss of blood, scarring, and interference with medical procedures, such as MRI, X-ray or ultrasound.
The Mayo Clinic Web site says the infection rate could actually be as high as 30 percent, and a 2005 British survey showed that 15 percent of all people with piercings required treatment by a doctor.
Dr. Holbrook said her research shows that Doctors need to become more familiar with body piercings which are becoming increasingly common.
She says doctors need to know how to gently remove piercings without resorting to wire cutters in non-emergency cases.
Holbrook adds that patients need some education before getting piercings.
"If you use something that's too small of a gauge – too thin – it could potentially tear out," Holbrook said. "So people have problems with earrings sometimes if they put piercings sometimes in their ear, in their nipple, in their belly button."
Holbrook conducted the literature survey to check the safety of tongue piercings which are being used to help paraplegics guide computerized wheelchairs and communications devices.


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Ever promised yourself that this year you were definitely going to give that bad habit the flick, only to give into your vice again after only a couple of hours? Well, the good news is that 'bad' habit may not actually be as harmful as you think. Here are 10 common 'bad' habits that are actually good for your health.
Most of us love a good gossip, whether we're giggling over a colleague's new romance or passing an opinion on someone's outfit choice or behaviour, and the good news is that gossiping could actually be good for us. Not only does listening to gossip help us to learn more about the characters of those around us, bonding and having a laugh with your peers also releases feel-good hormones which help to relieve stress and anxiety.
Although drinking too much coffee can be detrimental to your health, in smaller quantities the popular hot drink can actually be good for you. When drunk in moderation (no more than three cups per day), caffeine can speed up your metabolism, boost exercise endurance and reduce your risk of gallstones and kidney stones. A study by the Harvard Medical School has also found that women who drink two or more cups of coffee a day are less likely to be depressed, while separate research has shown that drinking three cups cuts risk of age-related diabetes.
It's the bane of school teachers everywhere, yet research suggests that fidgeting may be no bad thing – at least in us adults. Research suggests that fidgeting can burn up to 350 extra calories a day, helping you to keep off those excess pounds. To further increase your calorie burn, try to squeeze in more incidental exercise, such as getting up to change the channel rather than using the remote control.
Swearing: it's not big and it's not clever… but studies suggest that in certain situations it may actually be good for you. According to a study by the University of East Anglia, swearing at work could help employees cope with stress and maintain solidarity. Meanwhile, researchers at Keele University's School of Psychology found that swearing can provide effective short-term relief from pain. However, the study also notes that swearing should be reserved for crises only, as the higher the daily swearing frequency was for participants, the less pain relief they experienced.
Skipping a shower
OK, so repeatedly missing showers may not win you any friends, but if you are ever tempted to skip a shower here and there, research suggests that you could be doing your health (and the environment) a favour. Daily washing not only strips your skin of the natural oils that keep it hydrated and supple, it could also strip your skin of good bacteria that help to prevent disease. If you do decide to skip a shower, just try to do it on a day when you won't be vigorously working out!
Losing your temper
Many of us have been brought up to believe that losing our temper is the ultimate social faux pas. To an extent this is true (nobody wants to hang out with that person who is always losing their cool and shouting their mouth off), however research has found that losing your temper could actually be good for your health. Venting your emotions is believed to reduce the effects of stress, while a Swedish study found that men who bottled up their anger when unfairly treated at work doubled their risk of having a heart attack.
In recent years, official advice has been that we should cover up in the sun at all times to protect ourselves from skin cancer. However, more recently experts have stated that actually little and frequent sun exposure is good for us. In the UK, where vitamin D deficiency is common, seven leading health groups and charities have issued a statement advising everyone to spend 10 minutes in the midday sun without sunblock in order to avoid rickets. Meanwhile, a US study has stated that the vitamin D produced by the sun could help ward off colds and flu. However, experts have stressed that people should cover up after 10 minutes, and skin should never be red at the end of the day.
Having a lie-in
Feeling guilty about your weekend lie-in? Don't be! Research has found that sleep can help you live longer, boost your memory and reduce stress, while not getting enough can lead to accidents, weight gain, and increased risk of heart disease. Furthermore, delaying your morning workout in favour of some shut-eye may have health benefits, as research from Brunel University found that heavy training sessions early in the morning can compromise the immune system.
Giving in to your cravings
Although constantly giving into junk food cravings is a sure-fire way to sabotage your healthy eating success, allowing yourself the odd treat will not only boost your happiness, it will also help you keep motivated to stay on track. Also, as many people crave the foods that they most attempt to resist, allowing yourself a little of what you fancy can actually help to reduce cravings. If you have imposed extreme restrictions on your diet and cut out entire food groups, cravings could also be a sign of a nutrient deficiency in your diet.
Many of us view daydreaming as a sign of laziness or form of procrastination; however, researchers at the University of British Columbia have found that letting your mind wander can actually help boost your problem-solving abilities. The study found that when participants minds wandered, the parts of their brain associated with problem-solving became more active than when focused on routine tasks. So, while daydreaming can increase the time it takes to complete your present task, it can allow you to unconsciously sort through other important problems in your life.
Realbuzz.com is a healthy lifestyle blog which will keep you informed on most aspects of a healthy lifestyle. You can visit their site or follow them on twitter here: _URL_


Monday, July 16, 2012
Symbolic Meaning of Fish
Water is an intrinsic portion of most spiritual beliefs. It is an ancient symbolic meaning dealing with the subconscious and depth of knowledge. Water contains all the mysteriousness of the unknown. In considering the ocean deep, we still do not know what is all down there. Even oceanic explorers who have seen wonders we have yet to see or even know about are still in awe to their constant new findings from the depths of the ocean.
Water is an endless mystery; representing that which is present, but cannot be seen.
Water is also taken to be a womb symbol. Therefore, is it associated to birth, fertility, and overall woman-ness, deriving from several ancient flood myths and the "from water springs life" concept.
Even though there are several fish in water and each contain different symbolic meaning, there are some prime symbolic meanings the fish in general holds, such as: fertility, femininity, eternity, creativity, happiness, good luck, knowledge/wisdom, and transformation
Depending on the culture and era, diverse peoples have had various views on the symbolic meanings for fish.
Pagans were one of the first to use the fish symbol. It was viewed that the fish was a feminine symbol of fertility and an attribute of the Goddess. Water to them represents the flow of the Divine Mother principal, so all water creatures are part of fertility and the power of the Goddess. The pagan fish symbol was a simplified image of a woman's womb or vagina. The overlapping two thin crescent moons signify a woman's monthly cycle.
Babylonian & Assyrian
The Babylonians also included fish in their mythology. The mermaid and fertility goddess of the seas, Atargatis - in Aramaic 'Atar'atah -, some say was born from a giant egg that was pushed by fish out of the river Euphrates. This Syrian deity was commonly known to the ancient Greeks as Aphrodite Derceto or Derketo. Atargatis' main sanctuary was at Hierapolis (modern Manbij). As the baalat ("mistress") of Her city and people, she was responsible for their protection and well-being, but primarily was known as the goddess of fertility. Doves and fish were sacred by Atargatis; doves as an emblem of the Love-Goddess and fish as a symbol of the fertility and life of the waters. The Babylonians had several gods and goddesses who took the shape of a fish, dolphin, or other sea creature. Most of these gods and goddesses were connected to sexuality. They believed, like many other cultures, that the oval outline of a fish was similar to the shape of a womb.
"Not far from Her temple was a sacred lake, filled with many varieties of fish, Her sacred animal. These fish were well-kept, sometimes even ornamented with jewels (Lucian says he saw one particular fish that had a jewel in its fin on several occasions): they knew their names and would come when called, and would snuggle up to people to be pet. In the middle of the lake was an altar that people would swim to to make offerings. According to other writers, It was taboo to eat or touch these fish, except on special occasions and by the priesthood, who considered it theaphagy, the ritual eating of the Goddess as a sacrament."
Much like the priesthood of Roman Goddess Cybele, Hers was one rumored to perform acts of self mutilation and self-castration. Also, the worship of Atargatis was practiced with song, dance, and music of flutes and rattles. Her worshippers would work themselves to a frenzy during the festivities, similar to Cybele's.
A LEAD VOTIVE OF ATARGATIS HELIOPOLITANUS, 1st-4th century AD. Flanked by two bulls. 3.75 inches. Jidejina's book "Baalbek" p. 37 states that these lead ex-votos representing the triad worshipped at Heliopolis-Baalbek (Mercury-Hermes, Atargatis-Venus, and Jupiter) were carried on ceremonial occasions in a sacred procession from Heliopolis to Ain Lejouj where they were then flung into the waters of the spring.
Some scholars say the fish head hat of the priests of Enki, a Sumerian god of water, crafts, mischief, intelligence, and creation, later became the mitre of Catholic bishops.
Enki was part of the Sumerian tri-Gods and was commonly represented as a half-fish, half-goat creature. He was also the one that devised that men should live as slaves to the gods. As the Dagon priests sprinkled holy water in ceremony, so did the priests of Enki.
Enki was prominent from the third millennium down to Hellenistic times.
The common translation of his name is "Lord of the Earth," but the translation is still in debate.
In Assyria, there were carved depictions of pagan priests, who were shown as being half sun-fish and half man on stone slabs. These priests were sprinkling holy water. In later depictions, the fish head's mouth on the priest's head was opened (as shown in the photograph below). The rest of the fish was still shown as a cloak over the man. These depictions were of the God of Babylon and Philistia, Dagon or Oannes. Dagon's name was derived from the Semitic root dag, and means, accordingly, "little fish". Dagon is sometimes associated with the female half-fish deity, Derceto or Atargatis, often identified with Astarte. Most of Dagon's worshippers abstained from eating fish, a practice that one is naturally inclined to connect with the worship of a fish-god, similar to the worshippers of Atargatis.
"In Babylon there was "Oannes" a fish god who imparted great knowledge to the people. He taught them how to build cities. He also taught them math and geometric laws, and was credited with giving them all the knowledge that they would ever receive. At night, he would go back into the sea to spend the night, because he was amphibious. He had the head of a man; covered by the head of a fish, and had the legs and feet of a man and the torso of a man, but was covered by the scales and tail of a fish. ". -Berossus; from ancient fragments
(Isaac Preston Cory)
The Egyptian astrological hieroglyph below, the vesica piscus (Latin: 'air bladder of a fish'), is a symbol for virginity and purity. It was written in ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs that the fish was the vulva of Isis, who, after taking form of a fish, swallowed Osiris' penis.
Vesica Piscis
Isis, Horus, and a Whole Fish Mitre
The Egyptian gate to Paradise
(Note how it looks like the Omega symbol)
Roman & Greek
In Greco-Roman mythology the fish was considered a sacred animal. The fish represented change and transformation. In the myth of Aphrodite and her son, Heros, they transform into fish in order to escape the monster Typhon/Typhoeus (son of Gaia and lord of chaos, who tried to destroy Zeus at the will of Gaia, for the imprisonment of the Titans). The two tied their tails together to insure they would not be parted during their escape (creating the symbol of the Pisces) and hid in the waters of the Nile. A stellar image of Ichthyes ("Twin Fish"), as seen below, remains to keep the influence of Typhon forever at bay. One fish swims North, "toward the cosmic waters of forgetfulness." The other fish swims West, "toward the constellation Aquarius and the waterbear's waves of enlightenment. At the same time, the Ichthyes are tied together, representing the eternal quest that draws the soul toward these dual destinations and the dilemmas of spiritual desire."
"In fact the tradition of eating fish on Friday comes from many different pagan cultures. Aphrodite Salacia, the fish Goddess, was worshipped by her followers on her sacred day of Friday. They ate fish and engag[ed] in orgies. Which is how the word "salacious," meaning lustful, became used. The Christian church assimilated this tradition by requiring the faithful to eat fish on Friday.
Throughout the Mediterranean, mystery religions used fish, wine and bread for their sacramental meal and ancient Rome called Friday "dies veneris" or Day of Venus, the Pagan goddess. Venus is the one in the fable of the mystic egg of the Babylonians about the giant egg falling from heaven into the River Euphrates. The fishes rolled it to the bank where the doves having perched upon it, hatched it. What came out of this egg was Venus-also referred to as the morning star. Venus afterwards was called the Assyrian goddess or Astarte, the queen of heaven.
In all of these stories we find the tradition of Easter born from these mystery legends as Easter was just another name for Astarte. This festival in ancient Babylonianism of Astarte (known as Istar or Easter), was about her son coming back from the dead which is why the Easter celebration has the symbolic egg as well as the Astarte name for the celebration of the borrowed mythical resurrection of the Bright Morning Star" -Jesus (Revelation 22:16).
The Roman goddess, Cybele ("Magna Mater," great queen mother goddess), wore a mitre on her


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The SeTi type emerges when the Se-Ni oscillation is primary and lead by Se, while supported by the Ti-Fe judgment oscillation. As a Pe lead, the SeTi will have a natural level of bodily excitation, but while the energy of the NeTi can be described as scattered, the default energy of the SeTi is best described as amped.Se's intensity won't manifest as strong jitteriness but as a heightened concentration of presence. Their eyes will linger longer on an object, absorbing its subtleties and allowing it a certain level of control over the body. Despite this, the SeTi will still display a fair amount of eye-toggling compared to other Se-Ni types.
Their sharp eyes will steer the direction of their body and cause them to sway loosely, although moments of Ti momentum halting can cause temporary breaks in this fluidity. Due to having Se as a primary proces, the SeTi will seek to explore their environment vividly and realistically.
Unlike the NeTi, this exploration will contain a more direct interface with the external world rather than interactions via proxies or constructs. Greater mobility then becomes a far more typical result, leading the SeTi to engage in more kinesthetic learning through fields – such as dance, music, sports or art – which can open up to them a myriad of experiences.
The SeTi will not learn meaningfully about life through documentations (through guides or premade protocols) but instead by firsthand exposure and, in many cases, making the necessary mistakes involved for themselves. They will disprove assumptions about the impossibility of certain approaches through creative experimentation. Using their Ti-Fe oscillation, the SeTi will finely calibrate these experiences, often finding methods to optimize output and in the case of Fe, maximize social impact.
- THE SENSATIONALIST
When Se is strong in this type and other functions suffer from lower development, the magnetic attraction to stimuli will be the overwhelming craving of the psyche. These types will be spirited, sensual and receptive to improvisation for the sake of maximizing their experiences. We see an iconic example of this type in SeTi Chris Tucker who plays James Carter in The Rush Hour (1998). As a flirt, partygoer and conversationalist, Carter eases his way into situations by using Fe tactics and charisma in conjunction with his Se energy.
A very similar example of this subtype can be found in SeTi George Lopez as seen in the 2002 TV series by the same name. George plays a father and husband who is continually under the moral scrutiny of his wife, playing along with her ethics when convenient but continually disregarding them in secret for an indulgence in his opportunistic habits. This dynamic represents the sensationalist's lack of integration with their judgment pairing; using Fe in purely adaptive modalities rather than from a strongly formed ethical framework.
Yet another excellent example of this subtype can be found in SeTi Tyrese Gibson who plays Roman Pearce in 2 Fast 2 Furious (2003). These three characters share the quality of being strong risk-takers when the output appears highly promising, but quite flighty when a task appears too laborious or dangerous. The sensationalist is not indiscriminately daring; a level of Ni anticipation will always accompany them and inform them of the probability or difficulty of outcomes.
For the sensationalist, difficulty is keenly avoided, as is any uncomfortable experience. This is because Se's natural amplification of the present will cause the SeTi to experience discomforts – such as heat, cold, fatigue or pain – as far greater mental distractions.
This subtype is seen most commonly in adolescent SeTi before a proper equilibrium has developed between perception and judgment. Visually, this type will have a highly steady gaze with amped eyes which will continually move in unison with the entire head. Their momentum will be high, verging on restless, and will not be heavily interrupted by Ti halting.
- THE ANALYTICAL SENSATIONALIST
Over time, the introduction of Ti will refine this type's aesthetic sense and enhance their capacity to adapt to their environment and predict outcomes. The SeTi's heightened awareness of the environment, due to their cascade of nuanced impressions registering in real-time, finds a partial anchor in Ti. And once this nuanced panorama is given definition, it is given systemization through Fe.
No longer is the SeTi navigating by a purely visceral sense, but by a premeditated methodology; giving rise to the analytical sensationalist. This subtype is an engineer of experiences, using judgment to help structure events towards an optimal output, rather than drifting between situations by a purely magnetic gravitation to the circumstances which carry the most stimuli. A craft is often assimilated, such as choreography, photography, breakdancing, rap, or standup to name but a few. In more introspective iterations, affinities may develop for sensational poetry/writing and psychoanalysis.
As these experiences are better quantified, we come across the second aspect of the analytical sensationalist: the formation of stereotypes. I use the term stereotype here in its constructive form, as a personal and intuitive process of statistical aggregation pertaining to human behavior. Using the worldview of Ni, formed from these numerous Se datasets, the SeTi will gradually develop an anecdotal map which reflects the patterns encountered in various situations and in people-groups. While this happens in all types to different degrees, I have found the SeTi to be among the most aware of these stereotypes and the nuances in persona that differentiate one classification from another. From this knowledge arises also a more keen coordination of emotional energies and understanding of social structures. The SeTi may become a social connoisseur, reading body language and appearance to discern the class, affiliation, habits and interests of people.
This subtype will be less intensely locked onto the environment, possessing a somewhat more casual posture which will alternate between fluid and stop-start articulation styles depending on the subject matter. Their eyes will lead their head but their gaze may disengage downward occasionally when more meticulous distinctions are being drawn between impressions.
- THE ANTI-SAGE
In certain curious conditions, the SeTi will manifest as a rather anarchical psychological inversion of the NiFe guru; a type of anti-sage. This subtype is, like other high Ti users often are, opposed to the coordination of people through collaborative thinking and social protocols. The anti-sage will use an antagonistic Fe to shame the suppression of free expression. Such individuals may become champions of hedonistic philosophy and explore freely into all areas of life without regard for their prohibited status.
This activity is far more than mere youthful rebellion, as the anti-sage may develop a sophisticated ideology and interpretation of life's meaning and human purpose which itself stands pivoted against more widely held norms.
The anti-sage sees Fe as directly pivoted against their own Se, and in their pursuit to dissipate this internal tension, their psychic drama seeps outward into their physical life as an opposition to tangible representations of that inner suppression. Unlike the SeFi, FiSe and NeFi, who at times share the sentiment of unbridled emotional and sensational liberty, the SeTi's possession of Fe obliges him to fight social protocols at their own game.
We see an example of this subtype in SeTi Marshall Mathers, who played a counter-culture game at a national level through music in the early 2000's. In contrast to counter-culture Fi users such as Madonna, who embed their message self-righteously, while remaining reserved from their social appreciation or demonization, Fe's game is far more forward and rhetorical.
In a twist of irony, through this unconventional path, the anti-sage may resonate with people and gain an audience or following but may largely avoid this newfound responsibility and advocate non-dogmatic personal development. In more esoteric iterations, the anti-sage may more closely resemble the NiFe guru in their advocacy of spirituality, the transcendence of all constraints and the use of Se as a channel into their own Ni.
For a complete account of this type's vultology, we can look at interviews of the following SeTi public figures:
Chris Tucker Sensationalist
George Lopez Analytical Sensationalist
Tyrese Gibson Sensationalist
Marshall Mathers Anti-Sage
Jack Black Sensationalist
Auburn Williams Standard
Gabby Douglas Standard
Ryan Sheckler Standard
Paul Rodriguez Standard
Shawn Phan Analytical Sensationalist
This snippet has been imported from Cognitive Type, with the author's permission. We hope you enjoy!


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Cards and Stickers
The Heart Masters - Communication Cards
38 full colour cards, plus 42 page booklet
Students who understand their communication styles are more effective in their relationships. How do you communicate? Does your communication style change depending on the situation? How well do you read the cues of others? Which cards represent your favourite characters in books?
The Heart Masters Communication Cards are a set of 38 playfully penned caricatures that people of all ages will be able to recognise. Teachers, trainers and counsellors may use the cards to explore verbal and non-verbal behaviour. An accompanying booklet provides many ideas for using the cards in discussions, role-plays, games and activities.
Related ProductsThis product has no related products.


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A pie graph is the best way to show portions, or parts of a whole. You're starting to pick up some real science smarts!
Pie graphs represent data in a visual, easy to read manner, which helps us to understand data more clearly.
Using this pie graph, we can see just what portion of all the trash each particular type of trash represents
(how big of a piece of cake each type of trash "eats"). It's as simple as that!
Even though graphs can look simple, there's a lot of information in a graph.
Let's test your ability to read
Q1: What type
of trash makes up the biggest portion of trash? (Hint: look
at the biggest piece of pie and then match its color with the type of trash
found in the legend on the right.)
Q2: Can we say
what makes up the heaviest piece of trash from the graph?
Yes: - cigarettes
No: - not enough information provided
Back to Graph Types Overview


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click on image to see more views
A tall thin aluminium column extends straight up in the patio of a former colonial temple in Mexico City. Quiet ambient sounds emanate from gaps on either side of it. Placing one's ear against it one can discem different sounds coming from different heights in the column: a dog barking, a discotheque, a jet flying over. Its soaring height suggests an infinite array of sounds, each one corresponding to a higher point in the structure's length; an aural version of Brancusi's lnfinite Column is evoked. All of the sounds of Medianoche were recorded at midnight, on different nights, in the nearby Plaza de la Constitucíon. In this piece, a temporal reference point, midnight, is repeated in time, as audio loops, and stacked in space. Thus, a series of ephemeral moments is transformed into a seemingly infinite physical structure.
Exhibited in Des promenades, Ex-Teresa Arte Alternativo, Mexico City, November 1997


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Quite a number of satellites that can be observed are tumbling, and this causes their brightness to vary with time. This variation can often be seen with the naked eye, and the frequency of the brightness peaks can range between several per second, to once every minute or so. A good example is the recently launched SL-16 rocket, which is currently rotating at 2 or 3 times a second. The tumbling can be started by several mechanisms, but the most common is probably out-gasing. This happens often to spent rockets which have some fuel left over in their tanks once the engine shuts down. Sometimes this fuel is vented deliberately by ground controllers to reduce the danger of an explosion which would create many pieces of orbital debris and pose a hazard to other satellites. Other times the fuels leaks out gradually.
Occasionally, objects will explode in orbit, and the force of the explosion will start the resulting pieces spinning.


_PHONE_
Avatar Meher Baba and the Trail of Tears
A Pilgrim's Guide to the Journey
Julia Ross
Paperback 442 pages
Please choose option:
Julia Ross explores in depth Meher Baba's journey along the Trail of Tears, which culminated in his foretold car accident in America.
From the back cover: "Meher Baba, on his automobile journey across the United States in 1952, followed one of the routes of the Cherokee Trail of Tears to what is now Oklahoma. Meher Baba's journey ended in a cataclysmic automobile accident in the center of Oklahoma, where he shed his blood on American soil.
"Julia Ross documents in meticulous detail what is known of Meher Baba's route and the accident, which she began researching in the early 1970s. In the tradition of pilgrims' guides, she also traces the history and associations of the places Meher Baba visited. She focuses on the shadow side of American history, especially that of the American Indians."
2nd edition, published 2012.


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For the 50th anniversary of the Cybermen in September 2016, a brief continuation of the Cybermen comic series from the 1990s was released in DWM 504. It was given the name The Prodigal Returns in the contents page of the magazine.
The story was told with two pages: one at the beginning of the magazine and one at the end. Like the audio story Flip Flop, the story involved a temporal loop, meaning the order the pages were read in didn't affect the story. The pages also heavily resembled each other in terms of frame composition and dialogue.
Page 1 Edit
After its separation from Earth, Mondas is ruled by Cybermen. The Cybermen detect an object falling through Mondas' atmosphere. They fire missiles, but they miss and the object lands. An ape with Cyberman-like modifications comes out of the crashed object. The ape is captured and taken to a laboratory to be analysed.
The Cyberman scientists theorise that the ape came from a cosmic cloud, a moving distortion in space-time that appeared shortly before the ape crashed into Mondas. They theorise that there must be an entire planet of apes on the other side of the cosmic cloud and decide to send a scout through the cloud to begin a cyber-conversion of this species. As the Cybermen prepare to vivisect it, the ape thinks about how it will never complete its mission by returning to its home: Mondas.
Page 2 Edit
Before its separation from Earth, Mondas is ruled by Lizard Kings. They detect an object falling through Mondas' atmosphere. They fire missiles, but the object swerves through them and lands. A damaged Cyberman emerges from its crashed ship. The Cyberman is captured and taken to a laboratory to be analysed.
The Lizard King Chief Scientist theorises that the Cyberman came from a cosmic cloud, a moving distortion in space-time that appeared shortly before the Cyberman crashed into Mondas. The Queen of the Lizard Kings suggests that they could use the cloud to escape Mondas before the fast-approaching rogue planet threatens the nearby planet Earth. She decides to send an augmented ape through the cloud to test if it could be used. As the Lizard Kings prepare to vivisect the Cyberman, it thinks about how it will never complete its mission by returning to its home: Mondas.


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final results (phase 1,2 and 2b)
The data that is gathered constitutes an important collection of information on the currents that form within the system and between the system and the surrounding areas, and on the chemical and physical characteristics of the column of water. This knowledge provides a reference framework for the interpretation of analytical data regarding the movement of masses of water and the transport of matter and polluting substances inside the network of canals.
The expansion of the system under observation has also made it possible to validate the two-dimensional model of the finite elements for the lagoon – available to Insula – that simulates the propagation of a wave from the inlets at the outer margins of the city (technical report "D2") and that provides the surrounding conditions for the two-dimensional link-node model of the inner canals.
With the uninterrupted acquisition of time-based series of chemical and physical parameters, the periodicity of some processes was also investigated. In particular, the series of turbidity values made it possible to assess the phenomenon of the re-suspension of sediment from the bottom of the canals over a more extended span of time.
The study highlighted how the primary factor in determining the turbidity of the waters inside the system is the circulation of motor boats and depends on the intensity of the traffic, of the water head and the tide conditions. An estimate of the flow of sedimentation made by placing five traps across a more extended area has made it possible to compare different canal systems. The data relative to the entire monitoring period highlights a distinct differentiation of the flow of sediment, in relation to the different hydrodynamic conditions in the five canals under observation. However, the evolution over time of the flow in the different sites is similar, with relatively low values in winter, followed by a progressive increase in the flow in the springtime.
The results confirm the strict relationship between the hydrodynamic characteristics of each single canal, the quality of the material that collects on the bottom, and the intensity of the metabolic processes. As seen in a preliminary manner during phase 1, the sedimentation traps, jointly with the constant measuring of the turbidity, are an effective system for studying the variations in the phenomena of sediment re-suspension and transport within the network of canals in the historic city centre of Venice.
The investigation makes it possible to explore the mechanisms of sedimentation, an aspect that is particularly interesting to Insula: the objective is to predict the rate of sedimentation of the materials in the canals, and hence to program dredging operations.
The results of the analyses on the water samples taken during the measuring campaigns, confirm the importance of determining the concentration of suspended particles for the evaluation of the transport of solids and heavy metals in the canals of Venice.
The dissolved species of nitrogen and phosphorus, in particular ammonia and orthophosphate, constitute a very precise tracer of the qualitative variations of a column of water, that are introduced as a result of the draining of waste water, or the route of the water and the length of time they stay in the system. These results further highlight the fundamental role of circulation in establishing the behaviour of contaminants from the urban waste inside the system.
At the close of phase 2, on the basis of the results acquired during the study, a methodological protocol (or specification) was drafted, describing appropriate monitoring methodologies for assessing possible variations, over a relatively short span of time, in the quality of the water in the canal networks of the historic city centre (Icaro Project, phases 1 and 2 – results and methodologies, January 2004).


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Year 6 Eagles discussed unity and harmony.
They discussed their ideas of what it meant, talking about working together, ensuring there is no war, hatred or fights.
We looked at the story of Noah and how in Christianity, the story is told as God asking Noah to unite the people and follow his commandments. As the people didn't, God sent rain for 40 days and 40 nights resulting in only Noah and his family being saved from the flood.
Year 6 then discussed Jainism, the oldest Indian language, older than Hinduism. It taught unity and harmony and as with all other religionsit taught forgiveness. A huge emphasis is put on forgiveness and the class discussed why.
"It makes you feel better."
"To forgive means you keep your friends."
In Jainism they used forgiveness circles and the class used this concept to research some forgiveness quotes. It turned out that the children were inspired to write their own!
Have a look and see what you think…


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Colibri coruscans (Sparkling Violet Ear) is a species of birds in the family hummingbirds. They are listed in cites appendix ii. They are found in The Neotropics. They visit flowers of Plutarchia guascensis, marmalade bush, Barnadesia spinosa, and Callianthe vexillarium. They rely on flight to move around.
EOL has data for 18 attributes, including:


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The next computer-generated animals in King Kong or The Lion King could look a lot more realistic thanks to a breakthrough by computer scientists at the University of California.
The researchers from UC San Diego and UC Berkeley developed a method that dramatically improves the way computers simulate fur, and more specifically, the way light bounces within an animal's pelt.
The team recently presented their findings at the SIGGRAPH Asia conference in Thailand.
"Our model generates much more accurate simulations and is 10 times faster than the state of the art," said Ravi Ramamoorthi, one of the paper's senior authors and the director of the Center for Visual Computing at UC San Diego.
The method could be applied to everything from video games, to computer-generated special effects, to computer-animated movies.
One issue with existing models is that they were designed to create computer-generated hair, and do not work well for fur. That's because most of these models don't take into account the central cylinder, or medulla, present in each fur fiber. The medulla in fur is much bigger than in human hair and the passage of light and its scattering through that cylinder is very important to fur appearance. So far, most researchers have ignored the medulla and built models that follow a ray of light as it bounces from one fur fiber to the next. As a result, existing models require a tremendous amount of computation and are both expensive and slow.
By contrast, the UC San Diego and UC Berkeley researchers used a concept called subsurface scattering to quickly approximate how light bounces around fur fibers. Essentially, subsurface scattering describes how light enters the surface of a translucent object, like hair or fur, at one point; scatters at various angles; interacts with the object's material; and then exits the object at a different point. This concept is well understood and often used in simulations in the fields of computer graphics and computer vision.
In real life, you can observe subsurface scattering by turning on your smart phone's flashlight and covering it with your finger in a room where the lights have been dimmed. You will see a ring of light, because the light has entered through your finger, scattered inside and then gone back out. (The light is red because it is not absorbed by the body, unlike green and blue light.)
To apply the properties of subsurface scattering to fur fibers, researchers used a neural network.
"We are converting the properties of subsurface scattering to fur fibers," said Ph.D. student Ling-Qi Yan, from UC Berkeley, who worked on the study under the direction of UC San Diego computer science professors Ravi Ramamoorthi and Henrik Wann Jensen. "There is no explicit physical or mathematical way to make this conversion. So we needed to use a neural network to connect these two different worlds."
The neural network only needed to be trained with one scene before being able to apply subsurface scattering to all the different scenes it was presented. This resulted in simulations running 10 times faster than state of the art.


Friday, October 26, 2012
When was Jesus ordained a priest?
The Infant Priest - Source: NLM [here]
30th Sunday in Ordinary Time, Hebrews 5:1-6
While St. Paul, in his Letter to the Hebrews, generally distinguishes our Savior from Aaron (showing that the priesthood of Christ is greater than that of Aaron), in this place the Apostle emphasizes this point of similarity between the Levitical priesthood and the eternal priesthood of Jesus.
Namely, St. Paul tells us that, just as Aaron was called and ordained a priest, so too was our Lord. For no man can be a high priest of himself, but only when he is so called by God.
When, we ask, was Jesus called and ordained to the priesthood? When did he become a priest?
Christ is a priest as man
First, we must recognize that the Eternal Word was not always a high priest. Indeed, for every high priest taken from among men, is ordained for men in the things that appertain to God (Hebrews 5:1), therefore our High Priest must be truly man in order to be a priest. Thus, the Son of God was not always a priest, for he is not a priest by virtue of his divinity. Rather, he is a priest insofar as he is man.
The Apostle confirms this truth – that the Eternal Word was not always a high priest – when he writes, So Christ did not glorify himself, that he might be made a high priest (Hebrews 5:5). If indeed he "became" and "was made" a high priest, this means that he was not always high priest. However, all that Jesus is according to his divinity (e.g. omniscient and omnipresent) he always was and always will be. Therefore, it is clear that he is not a priest according to his divinity.
Jesus is a priest precisely as man, for the priest stands before God in behalf of men. But, as God, our Lord does not pray or intercede, rather he receives and answers prayers and intercessions. However, as man, Jesus does indeed pray in our behalf – for he is our High Priest by virtue of his humanity.
Nevertheless, to be very clear, since there is only one Word and only one Jesus, we must admit that God is our High Priest, insofar as Jesus is our High Priest. Not that he is our High Priest by virtue of the Godhead, but rather by virtue of his human nature which is hypostatically unity to the divinity. Therefore, a divine Person (God the Son) is our Priest, but only according to his human nature.
When our Savior came into the world
Wherefore when he cometh into the world, he saith: Sacrifice and oblation thou wouldest not: but a body thou has fitted to me (Hebrews 10:5).
The Lord is a priest by virtue of his humanity, and this human nature he received upon his conception of the Virgin Mary. Thus, we must hold that our Savior was ordained a priest the moment that he was conceived by the power of the Holy Spirit.
So too it is particularly to the power of the Holy Spirit that the ordination of all men to the priesthood of Christ is attributed (through the laying on of hands and prayer of ordination). As it was the Triune God (and the Holy Spirit in particular) who formed a body for the Savior, so to must we say that this same God (Father, Son and Holy Spirit) ordained Jesus a priest in the very moment of his conception.
Nor may we think that our Lord did not become a priest until later in his life – else we would be forced to assert that his conception did not win us salvation. Further, at what other point might we rightly consider our Jesus to have become a priest? Only an adoptionist heretic would say this occurred during the baptism in the Jordan.
Therefore, we rightly conclude that our Savior was a priest from the moment he was conceived in the womb of his Mother.
Jesus offered prayers while yet in the womb
That our Savior was a priest even from before his birth should be clear. What we now assert is that our Lord knew and loved each and every one of us from the first moment he was conceived, and that he prayed for us and offered himself for us as our High Priest.
Our Savior, in his humanity (for it is by his humanity that he is our Priest) knew all created realities by virtue of the beatific vision. Even as a tiny embryonic child, our Lord saw all things in God (just as the saints know all things in God). This is taught by the Church:
By a wondrous working of grace, our Lord was a priest as an infant (even as an unborn child)! From before his birth, our Savior had the use of reason and of will – and he exercised his priestly office perfectly, praying in our behalf and offering true and perfect worship to God.
For a further consideration of the fact that our Lord was rational from the moment of his conception, please read our earlier article [here].
STR said...
Since when did St Paul write the Epistle to the Hebrews? If you've got proof, I hope you're publishing it in a top class journal...
Father Ryan Erlenbush said...
I can tell that you think you are being real clever with that comment.
"Since when?" Since the very earliest days of the Church -- even though there was some debate, almost every saint has held pauline authorship at some level (even if it may have been transmitted through Luke or Barnabas).
This was the prominent teaching in every seminary until very recently.
Two years ago, when I received an advanced degree from a pontifical university in Rome, I argued that Hebrews was written by St. Paul -- and I passed with the highest marks.
But what really intrigues me is that these arrogant modern scholars don't even take the time to look at the history of the debate (especially in the early scholastic period), but instead dismiss all the great theologians that have come before.
In this way, modern(ist) scholars are like foolish school children who think that, just because they close their eyes, the rest of the world ceases to impact them.
Clinton R. said...
I second your comment on the authorship of Letter to the Hebrews by St. Paul. It is evidence of how modernists and Biblical "scholars" love to thumb their noses at the Church Fathers and tradition. While one can make an argument that Letter to the Hebrews was written by a disciple of St. Paul, it is foolish and arrogant to state that it absolutely was not written by St. Paul. But as you imply, these modernists would be unable to sell books otherwise. Thank you Father for this post. God Bless!
STR said...
Dear Fr, congratulations on your degree.
My question still stands. The attribution of the Epistle to the Hebrews as a Pauline text has always been controversial, even in the patristic period and later on among the scholastics. The question has harassed scholars for a very long time, so how does honest engagement with the available evidence betoken any of the predictably disrespectful labels you've seen fit to attach to me here?
The question was a simple one. If you can prove in a definitive way that the Epistle to the Hebrews was written solely by the hand of Paul, then publish it in a mainstream biblical studies journal without any further name-calling and let's see your proof.
Matthew Roth said...
Awesome as usual Fr.
I would argue that it's problematic that the introduction of Hebrews changed during the Mass (and perhaps the Liturgy of the Hours?). In the EF, the introduction acknowledges Pauline does not do so in the OF.
Joshua said...
What amazes me is that St. Thomas himself raises and then answers the very objections to Pauline authorship that moderns now make, as if they have discovered some new arguments. All they have done is reassert the old arguments, claim new scholarship, and ignore the rebuttals made centuries ago.
They also seem to ignore magisterial pronouncements on such matters. They simply dismiss them as outdate, not addressing them at all.
It allows for some redaction, etc by others, but requires we affirm Pauline authorship
Marko Ivančičević said...
Thank you for defending the Pauline autorship of Hebrews. I study theology and we have this one proffesor of Biblicum(he's speciality is New Testament) and he almost always speaks of certain events in the Holy Gospels as not done or not said by Jesus Himself but added later by the Evangelists(if, as he says, the Gospels are written by them at all - he is sure only about Luke).
The same goes for Hebrews. He agrees with certain biblical "scholar" that says things like this:"If we are going to discuss the Epistle of st. Paul to the Hebrews, first we have to dismiss even the notion that it is an epistle at all as well as the notion of Pauline autorship.".
This professor uses books from Wilfrid John Harrington O.P. Is he a good author?
Simeon said...
How can Jesus be ordained to the priesthood even before he was baptized? This does not make sense if this what your are saying? Please clarifiy. Thansk.
Father Ryan Erlenbush said...
_USER_, I don't need to publish an article in a journal to simply call the letter by the name it has been called for 2,000 years.
And no one ever said


Agrobacterium tumefaciens
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the bacteria that produce crown gall disease in plants
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The A. tumefaciens LBA4404-ElectroMAX[R] strain carrying the binary vector pCAMBIA1301 (11837 bp) was used.
TaDof1 cassette was co-transformed with pAL154 into AGLI strain of A. tumefaciens having C58 chromosome background.
A single colony of A. tumefaciens transformants was cultured in 2 ml of YEP media (10mg/ml Bacto[TM] Tryptone (DIFCO, Detroit, MI), 10 mg/ ml yeast extract (DIFCO, Detroit, MI), and 5mg/ml NaCl (Sigma, St.
This study aimed to assess the possibility of genetically transforming the Brazilian maize BR 451 through A. tumefaciens, assessing if the high temperatures prevalent when the immature embryos are in the infection phase when h the bacterium raises the transient expression of the UidA reporter gene.
The nonpathogenic strain Agrobacterium radiobacter K84 and the recombinant strain K1026 have been investigated and commercialized for their efficiency as a biological control of A. tumefaciens for many years [5-10].
A. tumefaciens strain LBA4404 carrying pCAMBIA1304 was grown on a shaker at 120 rpm and at a temperature of 28[degrees]C for 16 hours to an optical density of 0.8 ([OD.sub.600 nm] = 0.8) in Luria Bertani (LB) medium containing 50 ppm kanamycin.
Material vegetal: se utilizaron embriones maduros de semillas de arveja cultivar Santa Isabel despues de cinco dias de imbibicion en agua, en condiciones de asepsia y con la ayuda de un escalpelo se hicieron cortes transversales a embriones para obtener 32 segmentos de 2 mm de espesor por cepa de A. tumefaciens a los cuales se colocaron sobre papel filtro humedecido hasta el momento de la infeccion.
A. tumefaciens were grown at 28degC in Yeast Extract Broth (YEB) medium supplemented with 50 mg/L of streptomycin and 100 mg/L of rifampicin with shaking (220 rpm).
A. tumefaciens was grown on yeast extract media (YEM) for 48 h at 28[degrees]C.
GM Agrobacterium radiobacter releases a chemical warfare agent bacteriocin (agrocin) against A. tumefaciens. Bacteriocin prevents the crown gall tumors from forming.
Major stages in the infection by Agrobacterium tumefaciens and the subsequent formation of tumorous galls on the stems of plants involve a series of responses between an individual bacterium (A. tumefaciens) and mainly dicotyledonous plants (Binns & Thomashow, 1988).
In addition to providing nutrition for the bacterium, the host chemicals spur A. tumefaciens to produce a responsive protein.
A. tumefaciens strain was grown in 50 ml of AB liquid media (Hiei et al., 1997) with 40 mg/l rifampicin and 50 mg/l kanamycin, at 28 [+ or -] 1 [degrees]C, in the dark, shaking at 250 rpm.
The efficiency of ATMT in fungi depends upon several factors, including fungal cell type and density, the A. tumefaciens strain, the time and temperature of cocultivation, and the concentration of the inducer (acetosyringone, AS) during co-cultivation [18-20],


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values HASH
Returns a list consisting of all the values of the named hash. (In a scalar context, returns the number of values.) The values are returned in an apparently random order. The actual random order is subject to change in future versions of perl, but it is guaranteed to be the same order as either the keys or each function would produce on the same (unmodified) hash.
Note that you cannot modify the values of a hash this way, because the returned list is just a copy. You need to use a hash slice for that, since it's lvaluable in a way that values() is not.
for (values %hash) { s/foo/bar/g } # FAILS!
for (_USER_{keys %hash}) { s/foo/bar/g } # ok
As a side effect, calling values() resets the HASH's internal iterator. See also keys, each, and sort.


The Crustor is an aggressive creature and will attack a player on sight. Unlike is smaller shell cousins, the Crustor is always standing and can be seen from afar due to it's large size. The creatures walks slowly towards a sighted player.
Combat and Tactics
The Crustor will not directly attack a player. It will instead slam it's fists on the ground and cause a fiery earthquake that does damage indirectly. When struck a few times, it will recoil on itself and briefly be invulnerable to all damage.
Deals Resists Vulnerable to
Fire Earth Water
The Crustor can be found on the following islands:


text:
Gregorio Zara — Filipino physicist and aeronautical engineer
Creator of the first videophone ( a forerunner of such video telecommunication applications as Skype, Webcam and videoconferencing) and discoverer of the physical law known as the "Zara Effect."
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Back in the 1950′s, the videophone — a telephone device that allows you to see the individual you are speaking with in real (or near-real) time — was a mere dream of science fiction. But physicist and aeronautical engineer Gregorio Zara, one of the Philippines' most celebrated inventors, began to change all that in 1955 when he introduced the first videophone. Gregorio, the creator of other early models of futuristic technology ( including a solar battery, a talking robot, and an airplane engine powered by biofuel), was born in 1902 in Lipa City, Batangas, a province in the Philippines. After graduating as valedictorian of his high school class, he enrolled at the University of the Philippines, and later went on the U.S. and France to complete his training in engineering and physics. Already he was formulating innovative ideas of the future that would hallmark his career.
Why He's Important: Gregorio is perhaps best known as the inventor of the videophone, which he patented in 1955 as a "photo phone signal separator network." Five years after he invented the instrument, AT&T began work on commercial application of a video phone (or "picturephone"). The company introduced the video phone to the public in 1964 at the New York World's Fair, but the device did not become a viable marketable item until about 30 years later when it was integrated with the internet as the digital revolution took off. Video phones are especially popular today with the hearing impaired, in addition to being rooted in such familiar technologies as cell phones, telemedicine, Skype, distant learning and videoconferencing.
Other Achievements: In 1930, Gregorio discovered the physical law of electrical kinetic resistance (called the Zara Effect). "Kinetic electrical resistance is the resistance to the passage of electric current when contacts are in motion. Permanent electrical resistance manifests itself when contacts are at rest," according to the online library Scribd.com in describing the Zara Effect. His other noted achievements include: inventing the earth induction compass (an instrument that is still used today in the aeronautical industry, specifically by pilots); contributing to the design of a robot called Marex X-10 that walked, talked and responded to commands; developing an airplane engine powered by alcohol, and introducing a solar-powered battery, and solar water heater and stove.
Education: Gregorio earned his Bachelor's of Science degree in Mechanical Engineering in 1926 from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), his Master's of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from the University of Michigan (graduating summa cum laude), and his Ph.D. in Physics from the Sorbonne University in Paris (again, graduating summa cum laude, or "Tres Honorable" — the first Filipino given that honor from the university). In addition to writing books on science and physics, he taught aeronautics at the American Far Eastern School of Aviation, and at Far Eastern University. He also served as vice president of FEATI University in Manila from 1946 through 1962. At the year of his death in 1978 he was named the Philippines' National Scientist.
Discover other exciting role models in science and engineering at the USA Science & Engineering Festival by visiting _URL_


Foot Drop
What is Foot Drop?
Foot drop occurs when you have difficulty lifting the front part of your foot. This can often lead to your foot being dragged when you walk, causing difficulty in getting around. Your knee and hip might try to compensate by lifting your leg higher, so it doesn't drag underneath you. Foot drop isn't an illness in itself but a sign of an underlying neurological, anatomical, or muscular problem. It may not be permanent if treated early, so it is best to contact your doctor if you find you have difficulty lifting your feet or walking around.
What causes Foot Drop?
The most common cause of foot drop is damage to the peroneal nerve. This nerve tells the foot to lift up. When there is damage to the peroneal nerve, or damage to a part of the body that signals that nerve, the frontal part of the foot doesn't get the signal to lift up. One main cause of damage to the peroneal nerve is hip or knee replacement surgery. Additionally, a pinched nerve in the back, or having diabetes can lead to nerve damage causing foot drop. On the other hand, muscular disorders such as muscular dystrophy, Charcot-Marie-Tooth, or polio can cause muscle weakness leading to the inability to lift the foot. Furthermore, diseases of the brain and spinal cord, for example, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple sclerosis, or a stroke can also lead to foot drop.
The peroneal nerve lays close to the surface of the body, so it can be easily compressed by daily activities. If you often sit with your legs crossed, work in an occupation that demands prolong kneeling or squatting, or need a cast around your leg, can cause the peroneal nerve to be compressed. Interestingly, foot drop is 2.8 times more likely to be found in men than women and more commonly affects one foot rather than both. For more information and statistics on what may cause foot drop, visit MedScape
What are the symptoms of Foot Drop?
As discussed before, foot drop can cause you to drag your foot in front of you when you walk. You might feel you have to lift your leg higher, resulting in slapping your foot down as you walk. This can be referred to as a steppage gait. There are various scans or nerve conduction studies that can be done by your doctor, so be sure to discuss it with your medical provider if you suspect any symptoms.
How to treat Foot Drop?
Some forms of foot drop may be treated, while others may be permanent. Your doctor can prescribe foot or ankle braces that will help your foot stay in its proper position. It is very important to continue exercising and stretching, as this might help correct your gait. If your foot drop is relatively new and depending on the cause, additional options can include nerve stimulation or possibly surgery to correct the foot drop. For more information click here.
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Pupil's Home Address
A pupil's home address is considered to be a residential property that is the child's only or main residence, and is either:
- owned by the child's parent(s) or the person with parental responsibility for the child; or
- leased to or rented by the child's parent(s) or the person with parental responsibility under a lease or written rental agreement of not less than twelve months duration
Evidence of ownership or rental agreement may be required, plus proof of permanent residence at the property concerned.
Where parents have shared responsibility for a child, and the child lives with both parents for part of the week then the main residence will be determined as the address where the child lives the majority of the week. Parents may be requested to supply documentary evidence to support the address used when offering places.
We measure from the address point of your home to the centre of the school (unless otherwise stated) using a computerised mapping system called Cartology.
Distances are in metres and are calculated on the basis of a straight line measurement. We consider this to be the fairest way to treat all applicants. It does not take into account walking, cycling, or driving routes.
Websites which provide a distance measuring facility do not measure home to school distances as defined by us and therefore will produce different measurements.
If you move house after you have submitted your preference form you should contact School Admissions and Pupil Placements who will advise if the change in circumstances can be considered. (See contact detail in the essential information section)


text:
This demonstration initializes with a concave mirror and an object represented by a green arrow. Two rays are traced to show the reflection of the object. A small point moves along each ray to highlight the direction of light travel. Real rays are indicated by solid lines, and virtual rays (rays that appear to pass through the mirror surface) are drawn with dotted lines.
Three important points are also highlighted: the center of curvature, the focus, and the vertex. A label for each point appears when you point at it. The focus and center of curvature may be moved to alter the shape of the mirror.
A toggle button has been provided to switch between a concave mirror and a convex mirror.


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