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This topic deserves special attention because many people from database designers to application developers (sometimes one person does both) do not get it right. A Many-to-Many relationship occurs when each instance from the entity on the left can have many instances from the entity on the right, and vice versa.
Some examples of many-to-many relationships are as follows:
- Each order can contain many items. Each item can also belong to many orders as it can be purchased by different customers.
- Each student can be signed up for many coursers. Each course can be assigned to multiple students.
Incorrect implementation of many-to-many relationships
We see this problem when people are trying to use foreign keys to solve this problem. Let's illustrate it with the second example listed above as follows:
What we are trying to say here is that each student can take many courses and that each course can be taken by many students. So to implement this we have put a FK to the student table which will point to the course table.
Do you see any problems with this?
- Yes!!! we will have repeated student rows for each different course a student is taking.
- At the moment you do this your database would no longer be in 3NF because we would have repeated groups.
- This issue above can potentially yield to update anomalies.
- This relationship is said to be unresolved.
Correct implementation of many-to-many relationships
In order to correct the many-to-many implementation above we have to resolve relationship. This is done as follows:
- By adding another table between the two entities; this table is called associative entity or intersection table.
- By making the PK of the associative entity a composite key that consist of each of the parent's PK (We are using Identifying relationship).
- By naming the intersection table as follows (not required by DBMS, but suggested): ENTITYA_ENTITYB. In our case STUDENT_COURSE or STUDENT_COURSE_REL.
- By Changing the cardinality of the parent tables to be One-to-Many to the associative entity.
Let's see it in action:
What improvements do you see?
- The student is defined once so we avoid duplicate data.
- The courses are defined once and we avoid the same problem as if we would have put the FK in the course table in scenario #1.
- We do not run the risk of update anomalies.
- We can add meaningful fields in the associative entity. Those are called the Fixed Intersection data.
Alert: The FID will become your FACT tables and the parent entities would become your DIMENSION tables in OLAP database structures. Dimensional modeling is a different modeling technique which uses a lot of denormalization so that you can yield better query performance as data is only 1 join away at most.


How Smart are your Crows?
Guard crow
Guard crow
Crow Friends or Crow Enemies they know who we are. Can we say we know each other that well? How many times have you been betrayed by someone who you trusted? We have a lot to learn from our crows.
The University of Washington has a study that has burned up the internet about how the crows recognize the researchers that banded them several years ago. They wore masks while they did this and whoever now wears those masks are dive bombed, scolded and recognized as the bad guy. This is true of not just the birds banded but their entire family. Generation after generation share who is naughty or nice.
This is also true of the people who treat crows well. If they are fed and treated with kindness they remember that too. My local crows bring their babies to our backyard because they know we will not harm them. In fact we will ensure they have food and water while the parents get some rest or they are trying to get the little ones to be a bit more independent.
An experience I had a few years ago is a juxtaposition of both good & bad people. I was feeding peanuts to my trail family one day. They had brought their babies close and were trying to show them how to open the shells. We started hearing a commotion from the trail below. Crows were cawing and flying around making a ruckus. The family got skittery and flew up in the madrona trees.
Next thing I know I hear a man yelling at the crows and throwing rocks. When he got closer I asked him to stop that. He told me they had just shit on him. I couldn't help but laugh. They knew he lived up on the street above the trail and must have thrown things and tried to scare them off many times. He was one of their known foes.
I told him that they knew he didn't like them and that is why they pooped on him. He looked at me in wonderment and said… "Really??". I gave him some bread and said to feed them. He might win them over. Maybe not though. They have long memories and the flock know he is crow mean.
So, how smart are your Crows? Do they consider you friend or foe?
 1. Ha! I knew that crows had the ability to recognize people, but didn't realize that they can treat them so differently. When I go for walks, I sometimes see the neighborhood crows and I'll how cute they are. I'm starting to think they recognize me as that weird, bothersome girl who won't leave them alone!
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In the research conducted by Indiana University post-doctoral research fellow Emilio Ferrara, Facebook users were found to belong to small but close groups. Twitter users, on the other hand, can create groups, although not as tight, because tweets can be shared without the need to interact.
Twitter users generally follow different individuals online depending on their interests. Facebook users, on the other hand, tend to add only the people they know, primarily rooted among their family and friends.
From their respective core groups, Facebook users will expand their community without compromising the relationships between individuals. Many Facebook users get contacts and communicate with friends or relatives of their own friends. Twitter users expand their network based on the topics they're most interested in. Twitter users can follow or be followed by virtually anyone online who finds their tweets interesting or relevant.
Secondary connections, according to the study, are the biggest source of data and updates among social media users. An illustration was presented to show the tightness of the cores of communities existing on Facebook. Communities on Twitter tend to be weaker or looser because online users do not necessarily have to be friends or relatives in the real world to get in touch or exchange tweets.
The research involved millions of Facebook users wherein experts monitored their social connections online. The illustration showed the sizes of the existing communities, ongoing interactions and tightness within circles.
The study concluded that Facebook users can maximize their online experience since they relate with people that they're close to even in real-time. Other social media networks also have looser ties compared to Facebook since connections and information is disseminated through photos, messages and other types of media without necessitating actual correspondence.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Objective: Chapter 1 | Chapter 2 ALICE - In this chapter, the reader is introduced to Alice, the protagonist of the novel, and is given insight into her various relationships. The objective of this lesson is for students to explore the character of Alice based on their first impressions of her, and to discuss the way that Alice's relationships may become central in the themes of this novel.
1) 1.) As a class, create a list of adjectives used to describe Alice. Based on first impressions, do you think Alice will be a likable protagonist? Why or why not?
2.) As a class, create a list of relationships explored through Alice's character. Do any of Alice's relationships seem to be functional? Why or why not?
3.) Based on the information presented in the first chapter, do you think that Alice will leave her husband, as she intends to do? Divide the class into two...
This section contains 9,137 words
(approx. 31 pages at 300 words per page)

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Why Did God Give Us Eyes?
What does God say about purpose?
Nothing can happen without God ordaining it.
However, our choices and actions also really matter..
What are the powers of God?
It is an in-depth study of KratosDominion, Exousia – Delegated Authority, Dunamis – Miraculous Dynamite Power, Energia – Energy and Ischus – Strength.
What are the 7 gifts from God?
What is my purpose?
What is man's purpose in life?
Voltaire once said, "Not to be occupied and not to exist are one and the same thing for a man." WIth those few words he captured the essence of a purpose in life: to work, to create, to excel, and to be concerned about the world and its affairs.
What is the power of the Holy Spirit?
What does God say about the eyes?
The light of the body is the eye: if. therefore thine eye be single, thy. whole body shall be full of light.
Why did God give us power?
Because you live and move and have you're being in Jesus, the power that raised Jesus from the dead is mightily at work on your behalf. In Luke 10:19, Jesus gives us the assurance that He has given us the power to overcome all the power of the enemy and nothing shall harm us.
What do eyes symbolize?
What does God say about your soul?
What does God protect us from?
These will show how, today, God can protect us from: spiritual death, aggression, and sickness. … It came to his thouht to throw himself down from the pinnacle of the temple, to test God and see if the promise of the Bible was true: that God protects men.


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Michigan History Day
Michigan History Day (part of National History Day) is a fascinating opportunity for students to move social science beyond rote learning. It is an educational competition (similar in organization to a science fair) designed to encourage students in grades 4-12 to explore historical subjects related to a broad annual theme. Students choose topics in state, national, or world history that personally interest them and perform research using primary and secondary sources on their topic. Entries are presented through the allied disciplines of art, literature, music, drama, visual communications, and writing.
Students participating in the Michigan History Day program are shown to boost their school performance and job skills. Read more about how the program helps students in Michigan.
←Please use menu at left for Michigan History Day information and resources.
Michigan History Day is sponsored by:
The Richard and Helen DeVos Foundation


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Two Cars in 2-Dimensional Collision
Collisions between objects are governed by laws of momentum and energy. When a collision occurs in an isolated system, the total momentum of the system of objects is conserved. Provided that there are no net external forces acting upon the objects, the momentum of all objects before the collision equals the momentum of all objects after the collision. If there are only two objects involved in the collision, then the momentum change of the individual objects are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.
Certain collisions are referred to as elastic collisions. Elastic collisions are collisions in which both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved. The total system kinetic energy before the collision equals the total system kinetic energy after the collision. If total kinetic energy is not conserved, then the collision is referred to as an inelastic collision.
The animation below portrays the inelastic collision between two 1000-kg cars. The beforeand after-collision velocities and momentum are shown in the data tables.
In the collision between the two cars, total system momentum is conserved. Yet this might not be apparent without an understanding of the vector nature of momentum. Momentum, like all vector quantities, has both a magnitude (size) and a direction. When considering the total momentum of the system before the collision, the individual momentum of the two cars must be added as vectors. That is, 20 000 kg*m/s, East must be added to 10 000 kg*m/s, North. The sum of these two vectors is not 30 000 kg*m/s; this would only be the case if the two momentum vectors had the same direction. Instead, the sum of 20 000 kg*m/s, East and 10 000 kg*m/s, North is 22 361 kg*m/s at an angle of 26.6 North of East. Since the two momentum vectors are at right angles, their sum can be found using the Pythagorean theorem; the direction can be found using SOH CAH TOA (specifically, the tangent function). The value 22 361 kg*m/s is the total momentum of the system before the collision; and since momentum is conserved, it is also the total momentum of the system after the collision. Since the cars have equal mass, the total system momentum is shared equally by each individual car. In order to determine the momentum of either individual car, this total system momentum must be divided by two (approx. 11 200 kg*m/s). Once the momentum of the individual cars are known, the after-collision velocity is determined by simply dividing momentum by mass (v=p/m).
An analysis of the kinetic energy of the two objects reveals that the total system kinetic energy before the collision is 250 000 Joules (200 000 J for the eastbound car plus 50 000 J for the northbound car). After the collision, the total system kinetic energy is 125 000 Joules (62 500 J for each car). The total kinetic energy before the collision is not equal to the total kinetic energy after the collision. A large portion of the kinetic energy is converted to other forms of energy such as sound energy and thermal energy. A collision in which total system kinetic energy is not conserved is known as an inelastic collision.
For more information on physical descriptions of motion, visit The Physics Classroom Tutorial. Detailed information is available there on the following topics:


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rhythm. And while they obviously aren't the only form of art that does so, they do tend to have very specific characteristic rhythms unlike those found in other media (see, again, what I say above in regard to the difference between picture-book and comic-book rhythms). And those other media would include poetry, the rhythms of which are unlike the rhythms of picture books? As you suggest, the rhythm of picture books does tend to be contrapuntal, as poetry usually isn't—although I suspect that the counterpoint gets complicated by the ways in which, for instance, the figures depicted in one picture are rhythmically echoed or varied by similar figures or shapes in the next one, and so on.
O.M.: Would it be possible to say that in some books the object stops being medium to become part of a hybrid writing form? How to make sense of the physical aspects of the medium within the picture book's field?
P.N.: I think I'd go a step further in answer to this one, and argue that when it comes to picture books, the existence of the book as a physical object is almost always a matter of significance. I'm taken by Joe Sutliff Sanders's ideas about chaperoning:
"Who chaperones the words as they do their work? The words, after all, don't do anything on their own; they require a reader who deciphers them and perceives their guidance in interpreting the image. Who activates those words? Who performs them? Who engages them as they make finite the previously sublime image? In determining who chaperones the words, a reliable and fertile difference emerges between comics and picture books: in general, if the book anticipates a solitary reader who chaperones the words as they go about their work of fixing the meaning of the images, that book is a comic; if the book instead anticipates a reader who chaperones the words as they are communicated to a listening reader, that book is a picture book. (Saunders, Joe Sutcliff (2013). "Chaperoning Words: Meaning-Making in Comics and Picture Books." Children's Literature, 41, 57-90.)
To me, this means that a picture book most centrally invites reading by a person (often an adult, who chaperones the words and a second reader (or viewer), often a child, who is listening. Although, also, I've noticed that youngsters reading picture books by themselves tend to speak the texts out loud as if they were imaging someone else present. Also, before my granddaughter could read, she would "read" picture books to me and others by turning the pages and reciting the words she remembered while she looked at each page, and then holding the book up and turning it outwards so that her audience could look at and see the pictures. She did this even when there was no other audience. She'd clearly learned from watching teachers and daycare workers read stories to a group of children that this was the correct way to make use of a picture book.
But also important: for younger child readers, the act of being chaperoned through a picture often involves sitting beside or on the knee of the person doing the reading, often an adult. In other words, it's a form of entertainment that invites close physical contact with itself and among those involved in reading it. It is often a touching experience as well as a seeing and hearing one. And the book as a physical object is always visible and present while something like this happens. Its physical presence seems always important: Unlike reading longer novels, reading picture books tends not to be a solitary activity, and picture-book readers tend not to get lost in a story away from their immediate surroundings.
O.M.: Picture books can (or should) embrace other public in addition to children?
P.N.: See what I said above about chaperoning. Picture books tend most often to imply and invite a dual audience consisting of a reading adult and a listening and looking child. I would think that every picture book writer and illustrator should be aware of the fact that the books they make will often and even usually need to engage adult readers and viewers as well as child ones. And the ones that will then get shared most will be the ones that don't infuriate or annoy or bore the adults who will be doing so much of the reading of them. As for me, when my children were young, I refused to read them picture books that I had negative feelings about, or else read them with many comments about how and why I disliked them. And I still feel the same way about reading to my grandchildren. They can read the noxious boring books about the fashion choices of Barbie and the adventures of the Paw Patrol on their own, thank you. And they frequently choose to do so, which is fine by me, just as long as I don't have to be involved (although I do still tend to make a point of telling the two-year-old and the six-year-old about what I don't like about these books and challenge them to tell me why I'm wrong; you're never too young to start having discussions about the merits of books or the lack of them. Not surprisingly, my children and my six-year-old granddaughter happily argue with me about these things and tell me how annoying I'm being. But I figure, as a participant on the reading, I'm as entitled to an opinion as they are.)
O.M:. To finish, I reiterate the importance of your contribution to those who study picture books today in Brazil. We are beginning to delimitate this new territory to better understand it. I would like to ask if you are still thinking and contributing to the discussion within the field or the theme is now old and outdated? How do you see the production and discussion of picture books today?
P.N.: As I answer this question, I am in the middle of my 76th year, I have been retired from teaching for thirteen years, and it's been over three decades since my book Words about Pictures was first published. During those thirty or so years, I mostly turned my attention away from picture books and onto analysing and trying to understanding other forms of children's literature, in my books The Pleasures of Children's Literature, The Hidden Adults: Defining Children's Literature, and Alternating Narratives in Fiction for Young Readers: Twice Upon a Time. But in recent years, it's become apparent that the work I did all those years ago on picture books is what has mattered most to others; and I've been invited to attend conferences and symposiums and give keynote addresses about, again and again, some aspect of picture books. It amazes me (and pleases me, I can't deny) that this work I did so long ago still has currency, and that other scholars continue to be interested in it. But it does distress me a little that the academic world of children's literature studies hasn't grown and changed enough to make Words About Pictures old-fashioned and irrelevant: I've always believed that the whole point of doing academic research is to take part in an ongoing dialogue, invites responses that vary from and move past what you once said, so that the best work succeeds best by becoming out of date.
But there are strong signs of movement forward. If I were to write more about picture books now, it would be about three things especially:
First, exploring the "taken for granted" aspects of picture book art and picture book stories. For instance, why so many books about animals? What might the children who are the protagonists in many picture-book stories have in common, or the settings, the houses they live in and the fantasy lands they visit? Are there ways of laying out pictures or pacing the events of stories in picture book art that repeat in apparently different books? And if so, what are their implications? Are there picture-book ur-stories that underline a lot of apparently different books? What other conventions or clichés can we try to make ourselves more aware of and consider the implications of? What is so ideologically "obvious" to makers and purchasers of picture books that we aren't even aware of it and its implications?
Second, as a sort of corollary to what I've just said: it amazes me how often books published in different countries around the world manage to win international awards or otherwise find an international audience—which suggests that there's something about picture book techniques and conventions than transcends national and cultural differences. Is this even possible? Do books that achieve international success erase national or cultural difference and present a homogenized view of international childhood? Or, maybe and improbably, is there an international childhood that transcends national borders? (I'm wondering here if Words about Pictures offers a guide to picture-book semiotics that works in all cultures, all countries, all languages, or if in fact I've just incorrectly assumed that how picture books communicate in North America and other English-speaking countries is the way all picture books work in all cultural contexts. Do picture books produced in, e.g., Brazil in Portuguese make sense when understood in terms of Words about Pictures? Or is something different going on? And if so, then why do Portuguese language books have success in the international market where books produced originally in English tend to hold sway? Is an international market for picture books and other children's books a form of mperialistic activity by countries with a long history of colonizing others?
And third, as I suggest in answer to number 10 above, I'd like to see more attention paid to books as physical objects and the kind of interactions with them as objects that they invite from readers. Can we better understand the picture book as an art form involving physical objects, encouragements to touch and be touched by other people, etc.? Can we explore the semiotics of the picture book as a physical object, but also


The walkthrough provides a detailed solution to the adventure. The puzzles are mainly inventory based and items need to be combined with other items or used on other objects in the game. There's no real fixed order in which to complete the game, but the order followed in the walkthrough is probably the most logical and efficient way of doing things.
The reasoning and clues for the puzzles are only dealt with after you get the information needed to solve them. Where there is more than one solution to a puzzle I've included all the possibilities. Some puzzles and things that you can do on the moon are not required to complete the game, but are covered in the walkthrough for sake of completeness.
There are a number of timed sequences and actions that may result in you dying. Fortunately this is not a problem as the game will always reset to just before the timed sequence or accidental death.
Check the log and other documentation in your inventory regularly as they provide a number of clues. Always read the description of new inventory items shown in the bottom panel when the item is selected.
Dialog with the various inhabitants you encounter is extremely important and almost always contains valuable clues.
GameBoomers Walkthroughs and Solutions


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Laws governing local ballot measures in Colorado
This article sets out the laws governing local ballot measures in Colorado. It explains:
- Which local units of government make the initiative process available to residents.
- How and whether local units of government, including school districts, can refer local ballot measures (such as school bond propositions) to the ballot.
- An overview of laws governing local recall elections.
Types of local government
The U.S. Census Bureau's 2012 study of local governments shows that, as of September of 2012, local government in Colorado consists of:
333 General Purpose units, including:
- 64 Counties (including the consolidated city-counties of Denver and Broomfield which are listed by the U.S. Census Bureau as city governments)
- 271 Cities and towns
2485 Special Purpose units, including:
- 2305 Special Districts
- 180 Independent School Districts
Counties may be:
- General law: of which there are 60
- Home rule charter: of which there are 2 (Weld and Pitkin County)
Cities and towns may be:
- General law: of which there are 172
- Home rule charter (if over 2,000 in population): of which there are 96
- Consolidated City and County: 2 (Denver and Broomfield)
- There is also 1 remaining territorial charter municipality (Georgetown)
Colorado has two different types of ballot measures that are required under two different laws. The first is the Taxpayer Bill of Rights from 1992, which became Section 20 of Article 10 of the Colorado Constitution. Under TABOR, local voter approval is required if the school district wants to exceed its tax levy above the normal rate of inflation set by the consumer price index. The second law is the School Finance Act of 1994. Under the act, voter approval is required when a school district wants to exceed the limit for raising its Total Program Budget. The Total Program Budget is a combined budget that includes the district's general fund, special education and other costs. A school district that wants to exceed the previous year's Total Program Budget by more than 125% must put a plan before the voters. This type of ballot measure has rarely been used; it is considered to be a last resort option. Colorado law imposes limits on when school districts can hold special elections. Colorado only allows special elections in even numbered years on pre-established general and primary election days in May and November. In odd-numbered years, special school district elections can only occur on the first Tuesday in November. School districts that want to exceed their TABOR limit can sometimes combine this request with a city TABOR request.
Local recall rules
| Ballot Law Portal|
|Laws Governing Ballot Measures|
- For additional detail, see: Laws governing recall in Colorado
Campaign finance rules
Initiative process availability
|A guide to local ballot initiatives|
An initiative process is available in all cities and towns. In charter cities, initiative is also available for charter amendments.
In charter counties (Weld and Pitkin) initiative is available for county measures and charter amendments.
Citizens in general law counties do not have broad initiative authority to propose county measures. However, specific state statutes grant a petition process for limited subject matters. For example:
- Recall of county elected officials, C.R.S. §1-12-103 & 104; Formation of a home rule charter committee, C.R.S. §30-11-502(1) et seq.; Increasing the number of county commissioners from three to five (in counties having a population greater than 70,000), C.R.S. §30-10-306.5(3)(a); Decreasing the number of county commissioners from five to three (in counties having a population greater than 70,000), C.R.S. §30-10-306.7 (2)(b); Enacting a countywide sales tax ordinance, C.R.S. §29-2-104; Establishment of a county library, C.R.S. §24-90-107(1),(3); Establishment of public improvement district (PID) or a local improvement district (LID), C.R.S. §30-20-501 et seq. and C.R.S. §30-20-601 et seq., respectively; Establishment of various districts, C.R.S. §30-20-801 et seq.
Colorado Constitution, Article V, Section 1(9) reserves the initiative and referendum powers to the registered electors of every city, town and municipality.
|"||(9) The initiative and referendum powers reserved to the people by this section are hereby further reserved to the registered electors of every city, town, and municipality as to all local, special, and municipal legislation of every character in or for their respective municipalities. The manner of exercising said powers shall be prescribed by general laws; except that cities, towns, and municipalities may provide for the manner of exercising the initiative and referendum powers as to their municipal legislation. Not more than ten percent of the registered electors may be required to order the referendum, nor more than fifteen per cent to propose any measure by the initiative in any city, town, or municipality.||"|
Colorado Constitution, Article XX authorizes cities and towns over 2,000 in population to adopt a home rule charter and grants initiative for charter amendments.
Cities and towns: Colorado Revised Statutes Title 31, Art. 11, prescribes the initiative process, but cities are allowed to alter certain requirements such as different filing deadlines and signature percentages, subject to the Constitutional signature percentage limits.
C.R.S. 31-2-212 states that home rule charters must have provisions for initiative. Charter cities often reference or mirror the process in the state statues, but may alter some requirements. C.R.S. 31-2-210 governs the process for charter amendments.
Counties C.R.S. 30-11-103.5 governs petitions in general law counties for matters authorized by law.
C.R.S. 30-11-506 mandates a process for initiative for charter county charter amendments.
C.R.S. 30-11-508 mandates that charter counties (Weld and Pitkin) have an initiative process for county measures.
Initiative process features
|Local I&R Laws in the 50 States|
|Source:Local Ballot Initiatives: How citizens change laws with |
clipboards, conversations, and campaigns
General law cities
Initiative in the top 10 most populated cities
|List of Most Populated Cities in Colorado|
|City||Population||City Type||Next election|
|Denver||619,968||Charter as consolidated city-county||May 7, 2013|
|Colorado Springs||426,388||Charter||Special Election|
|Fort Collins||146,762||Charter||April 2, 2013|
|Thornton||121,435||Charter||November 5, 2013|
|Westminster||107,967||Charter||November 5, 2013|
|Pueblo||107,577||Charter||November 5, 2013|
|Arvada||107,541||Charter||November 5, 2013|
|Centennial||102,603||Charter||November 5, 2013|
The top 10 most populated cities in Colorado are all governed under a home rule charter. Initiative is available for charter amendments under state law as detailed above. Charter cities must also allow initiative for ordinances under state law, but may differ from the general law requirements and set their own signature percentages, filing deadlines or additional requirements by charter. The provisions below come from the specific city charter or code. Click on the citation links to read the full requirements for the initiative process.
- ↑ The U.S. Census Bureau's 2012 study of local governments
- ↑ Ballotpedia: Types and #'s of local governments by state
- ↑ US Census Bureau "City and Town Totals: Vintage 2011 (Population figures as of 2011 Census estimates)
- ↑ Denver Elections Division
- ↑ Colorado Springs City Elections
- ↑ Aurora Colorado Elections Schedule
- ↑ Fort Collins Elections
- ↑ Lakewood Elections
- ↑ Thornton Elections
- ↑ Thornton Elections
- ↑ Pueblo Elections
- ↑ Arvada Elections
- ↑ Centennial Elections
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 14.7 14.8 14.9 US Census, Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places in Colorado: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2011
- Research document of Colorado local I&R laws
- Colorado Municipal League
- Colorado Division of Local Government


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In-depth Analysis of Magnets
The Magcam magnetic field cameras and MagScope measurement and analysis software offer a wide variety of features to measure the different magnetic properties allowing a full analysis of permanent magnets. Magcam's magnetic field cameras measure and capture in detail the magnetic fields by using a unique Hall sensor array technology.
The MagScope software offers a wide variety of features to show in detail the different magnetic properties and provides a full analysis of permanent magnets, assemblies and rotors.
Quantitative magnetic field maps, measured with the magnetic field camera, contain large amounts of information about the magnet's quality. The maps are analyzed using the versatile magscope software, resulting in a thorough and fast analysis of the magnet. Many quantitative magnet properties are extracted from the measurement data, making the Magcam system ideal for both R&D and production applications.
For uniaxial magnets, the magnetization vector and its deviation angle are most important, while for multipole magnets the pole uniformity, north-south pole symmetry and deviations in pole segment angles are quality-defining parameters. Also field homogeneity and material defects, as well as magnetization defects are important in many applications.
For more details, please refer to the Software section.


Two cases of compulsive swearing – in sign language
The medical journal Movement Disorders reported two case studies of people who were deaf from birth and had the tic disorder Tourettes, leading them to compulsively swear in sign language.
Tourettes is often associated with compulsive swearing, although this only happens in a minority of cases. It is more commonly associated with compulsive actions, that can be non-word vocal sounds, or actions that range from eye-blinks to hair-combing like actions.
However, in some people compulsive swearing, known as coprolalia, does appear, and in these two cases studies, it seems this can even be expressed through sign in people who have sign language as their first language.
This is from a 2001 case study:
Here we present a 31-year-old man with prelingual deafness who had motor and vocal tics as well as coprolalia expressed through sign language. He would feel a compulsion to use the sign for ‚Äúcunt‚Äù (see Fig. 1: [top]) in contexts (grammatical and social) that were not appropriate. This is essentially the sign for the medical term ‚Äúvagina‚Äù except that the sign is pushed toward the person at whom it is aimed and accompanied by threatening body language and facial expression. The patient would then feel embarrassed about the compulsion and aim to disguise it as another sign. Commonly, this would be the sign for ‚Äúpetrol pump‚Äù (see Fig. 2: [bottom]). This can also be used to symbolise a small watering can.
There's also loads of great guides to sign language on the net, including a guide to swearing and a guide to flirting if ever you find yourself wanting to chat up a hot deaf babe or sexy deaf boy.
Link to first case study (vaguely via MeFi).
Link to PubMed entry for same.
Link to second case study (mentioned above).
Link to PubMed entry for same.
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Teatro Argentina - Roma
04 / 10 / 2020 – h. 18
Transient-Impermanent Paintings is a concert for two performers and custom software, all conducting a live improvisation for two motorised piano and video projection. Hyper-realistic digital brushstrokes articulate endlessly on a large-scale projection as if on a real canvas. Each brushstroke is sonified with a piano note, creating polyphonic synesthetic landscapes.
Transient merges Quayola's main areas of research: the exploration of pictorial traditions via computational methods, the employment of robotics to re-interpret human crafts, and the experimentation on the synergies between sound and image. A new custom software was created ad hoc for this project, allowing unique ways to control images and sound in real time. During the performance, parameters in the software are modulated to achieve ever-evolving complexities, shaping the very essence of the concert: impermanence. The title Transient stands in fact for both the software's technological features and the ever-developing quality of images and sound, unfolding different shades of meaning: the computational process, and the kaleidoscopic trades of human creativity.
The performance results shifting and transitory, recalling the modern painters who pursued, by means of pure colors, the sudden changes of reality. The project expands in fact Quayola's research on landscape tradition and abstraction. While in previous works natural elements served as a pretext to explore the machine's process in reading the physical world, now the formal subjects gradually withdraw, giving way to the computational substance: the algorithm. As veritable pictorial material, the algorithm becomes the real, tangible subject. Its aesthetic value now prevails over the functional one.
In modern art, abstraction culminated in improvisation and gestural technique. Transient manifests its connection with history precisely in the gestural act: the painter engaging directly with the palette finds its contemporary version in Quayola's manipulation of the digital material. The act of depicting the invisible ultimately echoes Kandinsky's practice in painting the potential of music to produce impetuous forms in the listener's mind.
Transient starts a new direction in Quayola Studio, where experimentation extends to sound through unconventional generative systems. The same algorithms driving the brushstrokes also generate the music: this is the outcome of a deep research aimed at bringing the methodologies used for visual works into the production of sound works. Sound and image are seamlessly interconnected-performed by the artist and his machines. The human-machine relationship thus evolves into an intimate and experimental collaboration, where the numerical output materializes in the sound of classical pianos. The emblem of musical tradition, the pianos synthesize technological and human features: by reproducing hand movements, they act as a link with the human realm, while at the same time performing non-human virtuosity.
This project features Quayola's studio collaborator Andrea Santicchia: as a musician and sound designer, he brings forward hybrid studies on experimental music production. In Transient, he has fused his experience into Quayola's research, contributing significantly to the development of new lines of enquiry. No longer employed as mere functional design, sound is now pivotal, the soundscape representing the decodification of the process itself.
Transient sublimates Quayola's process-oriented practice: the performance is not meant to produce finished paintings and music, but rather stage the impermanence behind their algorithmic potential. Developing from classical figuration, transitioning to modern abstraction, now it finds fulfillment in the exploration of the pure color on canvas. Transient is a work that paradoxically finds its completeness in being in evolution. It projects into the future, while relying on classical heritage, suggesting a new level of creative exploration: the one generated by man-machine collaboration.
Link: _URL_


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Database of Lithuanian Nominal Phrases Dictionary is the first corpus-based dictionary of Lithuanian multi-word units.
The lexicon reflects a big variety of multi-word units: collocations, phrasal combinations, longer pieces of text (sometimes even several sentences). The identification of the nominal phrases is based on gravity counts in the 100m words Contemporary Corpus of Lithuanian Languages. The corpus reflects the written Lithuanian in the period of _PHONE_. The list of automatically identified MWU's was edited by linguists, only leaving meaningful and grammatically correct phrases that include at least one noun. The dictionary comprises almost 69 thousand nominal phrases.


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Librarian of Congress James Billington points to a correction in the rough draft of the Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson, Friday, July 2, 2010, at the Library of Congress in Washington. Recent imaging of the document clearly confirmed that Jefferson originally wrote "subject" then changed it to "citizen." (AP Photo/Susan Walsh)
WASHINGTON — Preservation scientists at the Library of Congress have discovered that Thomas Jefferson, even in the act of declaring independence from England, had trouble breaking free from monarchial rule.
In an early draft of the Declaration of Independence, Jefferson wrote the word "subjects," when he referred to the American public. He then erased that word and replaced it with "citizens," a term he used frequently throughout the final draft.
The Library released news of the struck word for the first time on Friday.
Fenalla France, a research chemist at the Library, said her lab made the discovery last year by using hyperspectral imaging, using a high resolution digital camera that compiles a series of images to highlight layers of a document. Some of those invisible layers — like erased text and even fingerprints — pop into view on a computer screen.
In switching from "subjects" to "citizens," France said it appears Jefferson used his hand to wipe the word out while the ink was still wet. A distinct brown smudge is apparent on the paper, although the word "subjects" is not legible without the help of the digital technology.
"This has been a very exciting development," France said, calling the findings "spine-tingling."
Historic, handwritten documents reveal clues about the past that word processors cannot illuminate, said James Billington, librarian of Congress.
"It shows the progress of his mind. This was a decisive moment," Billington said. "We recovered a magic moment that was otherwise lost to history."
Accompanied by police escort, the document was unveiled outside its protective case for the first time in 15 years on Friday morning for a demonstration of the hyperspectral imaging technology. It normally can only be viewed through a 130-poundb oxygen-free safe.
Donning a pair of white researchers' gloves, Maria Nugent, director of the Library of Congress' top treasures collection, slowly lifted a piece of off-white corrugated cardboard to reveal the rough draft of the Declaration, which includes handwritten corrections by both John Adams and Benjamin Franklin.
"That's a pretty good editorial committee," said Billington, who was present for the procedure.
The rough draft was written on two sheets of white legal-sized paper, on both the back and front sides of the sheets.
The document was returned to the library's vault on Friday after the testing.


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There are 2 methods to determine the water absorption of the ceramic tiles:
* Boiling method; and
* Vacuum method
The boiling method is used to classify the ceramic tiles and involves drying the tiles out and then boiling them in water for 2 hours followed by cooling to room temperature over a four hour period. The mass of the tiles are weighed both before and after the water immersion to determine the percentage of water absorption.
The vacuum method evacuates the air from a chamber with the tiles inside and then immerses the tiles in water. Once again the tiles are weighed before and water immersion to determine the apparent porosity, apparent relative density and bulk density.
In general terms, if the tile has low water absorption, the durability and strength are increased. Low water absorption restricts the amount of water that may cause failure by cyclic salt attack and freeze thaw.
These low water absorption ceramic tiles are generally referred to as fully vitrified, impervious and porcelain. There terms are synonymous exhibit water absorption of less than 0.5% when tested to AS4459.3, Determination of water absorption, apparent porosity, apparent relative density and bulk density.
While generally fully vitrified, impervious and porcelain are viewed by the consumer as superior products, it does not guarantee that the material is fit for purpose. Hence the requirements for other test methods in the Australian Standards AS 4662.
Written by: Carl Strautins
Carl Strautins is Property Risk Consultant with Safe Environments Pty Ltd, providing slip resistance, and tiling testing and consulting services. Carl's career started at CSIRO conducting research in the area of slip resistance. He holds a BSc (Materials Science), an MSc (OHS Management) and is a member of Australian Standards Committees BD-044 Fixing of Ceramic, Natural and Reconstituted Stone Tiles, BD-094 Slip Resistance of Flooring Surfaces. Carl is pioneering the integration of accelerated wear test methods and slip resistance quality management systems.


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Advantages and Disadvantages of Friction in Physics
Advantages and Disadvantages of Friction
Advantages of Friction
- We could not walk without the friction between our shoes and the ground. As we try to step forward, we push your foot backward. Friction holds our shoe to the ground allowing you to walk.
- Writing with a pencil requires friction. We could not hold a pencil in our hand without friction.
- A nail stays in wood due to friction
- Nut and bold cal hold due to friction.
Disadvantages of Friction
- In any type of vehicle such as a car, boat or airplane-excess friction means that extra fuel must be used to power the vehicle. In other words, fuel or energy is being wasted because of the friction.
- The Law of Conservation of Energy states that the amount of energy remains constant. Thus, the energy that is "lost" to friction in trying to move an object is really turned to heat energy. The friction of parts rubbing together creates heat.
- Due to the friction a machine has less frequency 100%.
- Due to friction machine catch fire.
The last factor that can tip the scales towards reading is the problem of multitasking. "If you're trying to learn something by doing two things at the same time, you're less assimilating the information," notes Willingham. Even if you are doing one thing on autopilot, for example, driving a car or washing dishes, some of your attention is occupied, and this makes learning difficult.


What are the objectives of Primary Nursing and Team Nursing?
Primary Care Nursing: to promote autonomy and competency on a single nurse as all duties and responsibilities in taking care of a patient for his or her duration of stay is delegated entirely on a single nurse. It also aims to produce a nurse that is specialized in an area or a given setting to further improve the nursing practice and patient care.
Team Nursing: to provide the best patient-centered care. Since other minor duties are delegated to UAP's, LPN's and Nurse Aids, the nurse gets to spend more time by the patient's bedside doing delicate nursing care that cannot be given to any other members of the team. Another goal is to train the nurse to be flexible. As the nurse is not confined in the care of a single patient, he or she will be able to learn to adjust accordingly to different needs of different patients. Team nursing is also a training ground for nurses to become nurse leaders and nurse managers of a team; this can be useful as a preparation for professional advancement.


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"This surprising and artful book... entertains and enriches our understanding of a terrible time."
Richard Breitman, author of The Architect of Genocide
The Nazi, the Painter
and the Forgotten Story of the SS Road
G. H. Bennett
Published by Reaktion Books & distributed by the University of Chicago Press
Publication date: June 1, 2012
|ISBN: 978-1-86189-909-5 ||240 pages; 27 halftones ||Cloth • $29.00 |
In 2006 a canister of film was discovered in a church in the southwestern corner of the United Kingdom. Its origin was a mystery, but its contents were tantalizing—the grainy black and white footage showed members of the German SS and police, led by an unidentified fat man, building a road in the Ukraine and Crimea in 1943. The BBC caused a sensation when it aired the footage, but the film gave few clues to the protagonists or their task.
In The Nazi, the Painter, and the Forgotten Story of the SS Road, World War II historian G. H. Bennett pieces together the story of the film and its principal characters, unearthing an overlooked chapter of the Holocaust: a wartime German road-building project that served the dual purpose of exterminating Jewish and other lives while laying the infrastructure for a Nazi haven in the Ukraine. He tells the story of the road and its builders through the experiences of Arnold Daghani, a Romanian artist who was one of the few Jewish laborers to survive the project. Daghani describes the brutal treatment he and his fellow laborers endured, and his postwar efforts to bring the perpetrators to justice. Bennett also identifies the fat man as Walter Gieseke and explains how this obscure police lieutenant-commander ended up running the SS task force and became a participant in the Nazi's final solution.
Recalling an important but lost episode in our history, The Nazi, the Painter, and the Forgotten Story of the SS Road is a moving and at times horrifying chronicle of suffering, deprivation, and survival.
G. H. Bennett
is assistant professor of history at the University of Plymouth, United Kingdom, and a trustee of the Britannia Royal Naval College Museum. He is the author of ten books, including Hitler's Ghost Ship
and The RAF's French Foreign Legion
. Please contact Laura Avey for more information: _EMAIL_


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LandScan derived population estimates are provided for 90% of our cities. Those lacking population estimates are often in sparsely inhabited areas. We provide a range of population values that account for the total "metropolitan" population rather than it's administrative boundary population. Use the PopMax column to size your town labels.
Use the following selection statement to derive this theme from the 10m populated places:
"SCALERANK" <= 4 Or "FEATURECLA" = 'Admin-0 capital' Or "FEATURECLA" = 'Admin-0 capital alt' Or "FEATURECLA" = 'Admin-0 region capital' Or "FEATURECLA" = 'Admin-1 region capital' Or "FEATURECLA" = 'Scientific station'
While we don't want to show every admin-1 capital, for those countries where we show most admin-1 capitals, we should have a complete set. If you find we are missing one, please log it in the Cx tool at right.


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Fenenna of Kuyavia
|Fenenna of Kuyavia|
|Elizabeth of Töss|
|House||House of Piast (by birth)
Árpád dynasty (by marriage)
|Father||Ziemomysł of Kuyavia|
|Mother||Salome of Pomerania|
Fenenna of Kuyavia (also known as of Inowrocław) (Polish: Fenenna kujawska or inowrocławska) (ca. 1276–1295) was a Polish princess and a member of the House of Piast in the Mazovia branch. By marriage, she was Queen of Hungary.
Her existence was corroborated by only two sources: the Genealogy of Saint Hedwig and the Chronicles of Jan Długosz, as well in the Hungarian sources. The Genealogy stated that an unnamed daughter of Duke Ziemomysł was betrothed to the King of Hungary. Based in this information, Jan Długosz stated that she married with King Stephen V. This erroneus information was maintained by the later historiography until the 19th century, when Fenenna was correctly described as the wife of King Andrew III.
Although Fenenna did not play a significant role in the Hungarian court, thanks to her was strengthened the alliance between her husband and her uncle Władysław I the Elbow-high, and also was beneficial to her Kuyavia relatives' relations with, among others, King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia. Shortly after Andrew III's death, their daughter Elizabeth was betrothed to the future Wenceslaus III, who claimed the Hungarian crown.
Birth and Name
Her parentage is confirmed in the Genealogy of Saint Hedwig. The marriage of her parents is placed around the first half of February 1268. If she was the oldest child of the Ducal couple, she could have born at the end of that year. She was married in 1290, and in accordance with the Canonical Law of that time, the legal age to celebrate a marriage was 12 years old; but two years later, in 1292, she gave birth her only child, probably with 15 years. Accordingly, her date of birth could be ranked between 1268 and 1277. Among the offspring of Duke Ziemomysł, Fenenna was placed as the second child, between Euphemia (who died in infancy) and Leszek.
Her name was chosen from the Bible (later translated by Jakub Wujek), as one of the two wives of Elkanah, father of the Prophet Samuel. This uncommon name was rarely used in Poland, and Fenenna was the only member of the Piast dynasty who bear it.
Queen of Hungary
The Genealogy of Saint Hedwig indicated that Fenenna was betrothed to the Hungarian king. According to Jan Długosz this Hungarian ruler was the King Stephen V. Despite that this assumption wasn't supported by any sources and proved to be false (Stephen V died in 1272) was maintained as truly until the 18th century. Her husband was King Andrew III, a fact who was sufficiently confirmed by the Hungarian sources. From the period of her reign, between 1290–1295, there are several documents issued by the Queen of Hungary, who signed on as Fenena, Fennena, or in short Fenenna F. Legends on Hungarian stamps of 1291 certify that the Queen Fenenna was Ziemomysł's daughter. Finally, thanks to her marriage, the Polish Kingdom began a close cooperation with the Hungarian ruler.
In July 1290 Andrew III was crowned King of Hungary. One of his first actions was the conclusion of an alliance with Poland, in particular with Duke Władysław I the Elbow-high. In September began the negotiations and no later than 9 October arrived to Hungary the princess of Kuyavia as the King's bride. Then the wedding took place. From 1290 were issued three documents who described Fenenna as Andrew III's wife and Queen of Hungary, of which only contains 24 November as a date. Therefore, the marriage of Andrew III with Fenenna took place between September and 24 November 1290. Probably during the wedding ceremony, or shortly after, Fenenna was crowned as Queen of Hungary.
The marriage was pursued by Fenenna's uncle, Władysław I the Elbow-high, who wanted to attract allies to his fight for the Polish throne. The Hungarian-Kuyavian alliance has proven beneficial for both parties. The Dukes of Kuyavia helped Andrew III to defeated Charles Martel of Anjou, who claimed his rights after the death of his maternal uncle, King Ladislaus IV the Cuman, in 1290. In return, the Hungarians sent provisions and military support to Władysław I during his fighting against King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia and Duke Henry III of Głogów. Documents issued by Andrew III from 1293 showed that the aid was sent to the Dukes of Kuyavia among the Hungarian nobility. It specifies that the King recompensed two Hungarian men, Paul and Serafila, for his help in winning Prędocin. In contrast, in 1297 was noted that Władysław I the Elbow-high, with the help of the Hungarians, invaded Greater Poland and Silesia.
From the surviving contemporary documents, was known that Fenenna wasn't play a greater role on the Hungarian court. However, her only existence maintain the alliance between her husband and her uncle Władysław I the Elbow-high. In 1292, Fenenna gave birth her only child, a daughter named Elizabeth.
Death and Aftermaths
The sources are silent about Fenenna's death. Therefore, the date of her death was determined only on basis of the negotiations of King Andrew III with the Austrian court for his second marriage with Agnes of Habsburg, and the documents issued by both Fenenna and Agnes. Almost all the known sources placed the second wedding of King Andrew III with Agnes of Habsburg in Vienna on 13 February 1296. However, although the year is generally accepted, the exact day and months varied in a number of partly independent sources. The documents issued by the Queen of Hungary at that time also contributed to the confusion. The last document issued by Fenenna was dated 8 September 1295, while the first document issued by Agnes was dated 1 May 1295. Since the marriage of Andrew III with the Austrian princess was in 1296, the document probably was incorrectly written and had to be moved back by one year. It is now accepted that Andrew III's wedding with Agnes of Habsburg was held in 1296, after a brief mourning after the death of his wife and quick marriage negotiations. In consequence, Fenenna was certainly dead by the end of 1295; the place of her burial is unknown.
After her death, Andrew III entered into an agreement with Władysław I's opponent, Wenceslaus II. As a part of the settlement, was celebrated the engagement of his daughter Elizabeth with the son and heir of the Bohemian King, the future Wenceslaus III, in 1298. However, this marriage was never realized. Wenceslaus instead married Viola Elisabeth of Cieszyn, but later he planned of divorcing Viola and marrying with Elizabeth when he was assassinated.
When King Andrew III died in 1301, Elizabeth was taken by her stepmother Agnes to Austria and forced by her to join the Dominican monastery in Töss, Switzerland, where she died in 1338 as the last representative of the Arpad dynasty.
- K. Jasiński, Rodowód Piastów małopolskich i kujawskich, Poznań – Wrocław 2001, p. 113–114.
- K. Jasiński, Rodowód Piastów małopolskich i kujawskich, Poznań – Wrocław 2001, p. 137–138.
- O. Balzer, Genealogia Piastów, vol. II, Kraków 2005, tabl. VI; according to K. Jasiński, Rodowód Piastów małopolskich i kujawskich, Poznań – Wrocław 2001, p. 138, she was the eldest child of the Duke of Inowrocław.
- O. Balzer, Genealogia Piastów, vol. II, Kraków 2005, p. 616.
- K. Jasiński, Rodowód Piastów małopolskich i kujawskich, Poznań – Wrocław 2001, p. 137.
- O. Balzer, Genealogia Piastów, vol. II, Kraków 2005, p. 615.
- J. Dąbrowski, Z czasów Łokietka. Studia nad stosunkami polsko-węgierskimi w XIV w.; "Rozprawy Akademii Umiejętności. Wydział Historyczno-Filozoficzny", 1916, p. 287; K. Jasiński, Rodowód Piastów małopolskich i kujawskich, Poznań – Wrocław 2001, p. 139.
- K. Jasiński, Rodowód Piastów małop


Lifestyle modifications and pharmacological approaches to improve sexual function and satisfaction in men with spinal cord injury: a narrative review
Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review
External organisations
 - International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries (ICORD)
 - University of British Columbia
 - BC Centre for Sexual Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health
 - GF Strong Rehabilitation Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver
Study design: A narrative review describing various components of sexual dysfunction in men with spinal cord injury (SCI), as well as addressing potential therapeutic approaches.
Objectives: Restoration of sexual function is considered one of the most important health priorities for individuals with SCI. The purpose of this review is to provide information regarding the factors that are less appreciated when considering changes to sexual function in men with SCI. We also propose therapeutic approaches, with a focus on lifestyle modifications, which have been shown to improve sexual function.
Methods: A literature search was performed and limited evidence for therapeutic approaches in individuals with SCI was supplemented by consistent findings from the able-bodied population.
Results: We evaluated the less addressed factors known to contribute to sexual dysfunction in men with SCI, including hormonal influences (i.e., testosterone deficiency, thyroid hormone, and cortisol), psychological factors (i.e., pain, fatigue, depression, and body image), and secondary SCI complications (i.e., urinary tract infection, pressure sores, and autonomic dysreflexia). To address these factors beyond standard medical treatments for sexual dysfunction, options include physical activity/exercise, diet, and specific medications for symptom relief (i.e., testosterone replacement therapy and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for depression).
Conclusions: Physical activity's potential application, efficacy across multiple aspects of sexuality, and the lack of side effects, suggests that long-term exercise is a viable solution to directly or indirectly improve sexual function in males with SCI. Diet and supplemental medications may further promote body composition changes, which more broadly affect sexuality.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)391-401
Number of pages11
JournalSpinal Cord
Issue number4
Early online date19 Dec 2019
Publication statusPublished - Apr 2020
Externally publishedYes
ASJC Scopus subject areas


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Tuber oregonense, commonly known as the Oregon white truffle, is a species of edible truffle in the genus Tuber. Described as new to science in 2010, the North American species is found on the western coast of the United States, from northern California to southern British Columbia west of the Cascade Range. A mycorrhizal fungus, it grows in a symbiotic association with Douglas fir. It overlaps in distribution with the closely related T. gibbosum, but they have different growing seasons: T. oregonense typically appears from October through March, while T. gibbosum grows from January to June. The fruit bodies of the fungus are roughly spherical to irregular in shape, and resemble small potatoes up to 5 cm (2 in) in diameter. Inside the truffle is the gleba, which is initially white before it becomes a marbled tan color. The large, often thick-walled, and strongly ornamented spores are produced in large spherical asci. The truffle is highly prized for its taste and aroma. Some individuals have claimed success in cultivating the truffles in Christmas tree farms.
Taxonomy and phylogeny
|Cladogram depicting the phylogenetic relationships of Tuber species in the Gibbosum clade, based on ribosomal DNA sequences.|
The species was first officially described and named in a 2010 Mycologia article, although Tuber oregonense had been previously used provisionally (as Tuber oregonense Trappe & Bonito) in American field guides and other popular publications for several years. The type specimen was collected from Benton County, Oregon on 3 February, 2007 along U.S. Route 20 in Oregon.
The specific epithet oregonense derives from the name Oregon and the Latin suffix -ense (relating to), in reference to western Oregon being its central region of abundance. The fungus is commonly known as the Oregon white truffle. Truffle authority James Trappe initially intended to name the species as a variety of Tuber gibbosum (i.e., as Tuber gibbosum var. oregonense) before molecular analysis revealed that genetic differences warranted distinction at the species level.
The fruit bodies of T. oregonense are hypogeous (growing in the ground), typically 0.5–5 cm (0.2–2 in) broad, although specimens up to 7.5 cm (3.0 in) have been recorded. Smaller specimens are spherical or nearly so, and have random furrows; larger specimens are more irregular in shape, lobed and deeply furrowed. Young fruit bodies have a white peridium, as the truffle matures it develops red to reddish-brown or orangish-brown patches; with age it becomes orange-brown to reddish-brown overall and often develops cracks on the surface. The peridium is 0.2–0.4 mm thick, and the surface texture ranges from relatively smooth to covered with tiny "hairs" that are more dense in the furrows, and more scattered on the exposed lobes. The gleba is solid, in youth the fertile tissue is whitish and marbled with mostly narrow, white, hypha-stuffed veins that emerge throughout the peridium to its surface. In maturity, the fertile tissue is light brown to brown from the color of the spores, but the marbling veins remain white. The odor and flavor of the flesh are mild in youth, but soon become strong, pungent and complex, or "truffly".
The spores are ellipsoid to somewhat spindle-shaped with narrowed ends, and light brownish in color. The size of the spores varies depending upon the type of asci in which they develop: in one-spored asci they measure 42.5–62.5 by 17.5–30 µm; in two-spored asci they are 32.5–50 by 15–25 µm; in three-spored asci they are 27.5–45 by 15–25 µm; in four-spored asci they are 25–38.5 by 13–28 µm; in five-spored asci 28–34 by 22–25 µm (all sizes excluding surface ornamentation). The spore walls are 2–3 µm thick and are covered with a honeycomb-like (alveolate) network. The cavities of the honeycomb typically have five or six sides, and the corners form spines that are 5–7 µm tall by 0.5 µm thick. A "microreticulum" appears in some spores when the light microscope objective is focused on the optical cross section but not on the spore wall surface, or on scanning electron microscopy micrographs of the surface. Young asci range in shape from spherical to broadly ellipsoid to ovoid (egg-shaped) or pyriform (pear-shaped); sometimes the base of the ascus is narrowed like a stipe,and measures up to 15 by 7 µm. Mature asci are spherical to broadly ellipsoid or misshapen from the pressure of crowded spores within. They are hyaline (translucent), thin-walled, 60–85 by 65–75 µm, 1–4-(occasionally 5)-spored, and astipitate (without a stipe) at maturity.
The peridiopellis (the cuticle of the peridium) is 200–300 µm thick plus or minus 80 µm of tightly interwoven hyphae that are 3–5 (sometimes up to 10) µm broad. The cells are short and have nearly hyaline walls that measure 0.5–1 µm thick; the interior veins emerge through the peridium the cells and often form a localized tissue of rounded cells up to 12 µm broad. The degree to which the surface is covered with fine "hairs" is variable; these hairs are made of tangled hyphae and emergent thin-walled hyphal tips 2–5 µm in diameter, some even and smooth, some with granulated surfaces and some with moniliform walls (resembling a string of beads) that are irregularly thickened by hyaline bands that are 0.5–2 µm wide. The subpellis (the tissue layer immediately under the pellis) is abruptly differentiated from the pellis, 150–220 µm thick, and comprises interwoven, nearly hyaline, thin-walled hyphae 2–10 µm wide with scattered cells up to 15 µm wide. The gleba is made of hyaline, thin-walled, interwoven hyphae that are 2–7 µm broad with scattered cells that are inflated up to 15 µm.
Tuber oregonense closely resembles Tuber gibbosum, which grows in the same habitats, but may be distinguished by the structure of its peridium, and differences in spores size and shape. Further, Tuber gibbosum grows from January to June.
Tuber oregonense is a choice edible species. Its odor has been described as ""truffly", a complex of garlic, spices, cheese, and "indefinable other essences"; the fungus is prized after by commercial truffle harvesters and consumers for its intense fragrance. Because they grow in the topsoil and needles, they are considered to have a more "floral" and "herbal" flavor profile than related European truffles. Some individuals have claimed to have had success in growing the truffles in Christmas tree farms in Oregon. Techniques reportedly involve inoculating the ground under young Douglas fir trees with a slurry comprising ground-up truffles mixed in water, or the feces of animals fed truffles. There is, however, no concrete evidence that these methods can be used to establish new truffle patches or to improve the productivity of existing patches.
Ecology, habitat and distribution
Like all Tuber species, T. oregonense is mycorrhizal. The fungus grows west of the Cascade Mountains from the southern Puget Sound region of Washington, south to southwestern Oregon at elevations from near sea level up to 425 m (1,390 ft) in pure stands of Pseudotsuga menziesii forests up to 100 years old, or Pseudotsuga mixed with Tsuga heterophylla, Picea sitchensis or Alnus species. The species has been commercially harvested in the Pacific Northwest since the 1980s. and is often found in Christmas tree plantations as young as five years. The Oregon Truffle Festival, held in Eugene yearly since 2006 to coincide with the maturing of the truffle in late January, features activities such as cultivation seminars and truffle hunting excursions. Fruit bodies are produced from September through the middle of March. The fungus is an important component of the diet of Northern flying squirrels, and comprises the majority of their diet at certain times of the year.
- Castellanoi G, Trappe JM, Rawlinson P, Vilgalys R (2010). "Improved resolution of major clades within Tuber and taxonomy of species within the Tuber gibbosum complex". Mycologia. 102 (5): 1042–1057. PMID 20943504. doi:10.3852/09-213.
- Trappe et al., (1997). pp. 106–107.
- Miller HR, Miller OK (2006). North


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The method of analysis for the ps transient absorption spectra obtained by a ps Nd 3+ : YAG laser photolysis system is described in detail, showing the results of pyrene in solution. The Sn←S1 spectrum observed immediately after excitation is rather broad and its intensity in the short wavelength region is relatively enhanced, compared to the spectrum observed at later stages. For elucidating this fast spectral change, the spectrum at 0 ps was simulated from that at 100 ps, evaluating numerically the inner filter effect, depletion of the ground state molecules and temporal characteristics of the monitoring ps continuum. The difference between the simulated and experimentally observed spectra may be ascribed to the nonlinear refractive index change of the solvent, the thermal lensing effect, or to an intrinsic relaxation of the excited molecule. Examining absorption spectra obtained under various conditions, the former two possibilities were denied for the excited pyrene system. Vibrational relaxation as well as the S 2 → S 1 internal conversion with a time constant of less than 10 ps have been suggested to be responsible for this difference between the simulated and observed spectra.
Miyasaka, H., Masuhara, H., & Mataga, N. (1983). Picosecond Absorption Spectra and Relaxation Processes of the Excited Singlet State of Pyrene in Solution. Laser Chemistry, 1(5), 357–386. _URL_


Trickle)
Parallel in chunks is another type of snapshot approach where data objects are broken into chunks and snapshots are taken in parallel. Most of the tools support snapshot and the process are invoked in tandem. There are two ways to perform a snapshot in chunks: 1) table by table or 2) a large table split into small sets using primary keys or any unique row identifiers. In this approach, the snapshot duration and downtime window is greatly reduced. Good scripting skills required to prepare data migration tools for table or large table migration.
Snapshot - Parallel in Chunks (Trickle)
 - Data moved at one time with less downtime
 - Data moved in parallel - table by table or a large table in small sets
 - Application downtime required (less compared to Big Bang approach)
 - For large tables broken into small sets, primary key or unique row identifiers are mandatory
 - Script required to adjust the parallel approach
 - If a snapshot is interrupted, reinitiation is required.
5c. Change Data Capture (CDC - Data Sync)
There are different traditional Change Data Capture (CDC) approaches that have been available for decades. In the CDC model data migration, the software is designed to determine/track/capture the data that has changed on the source database in real-time and replay the same on the target database. Today CDC model software is in high demand because they distribute data between heterogeneous databases with low-latency, reliable, and scalable data. Most common CDC approaches for migrating Oracle to PostgreSQL databases are:
 - Trigger-based
 - Transaction Log-based
Trigger-based (CDC) — a remote trigger is created to capture DMLs (insert/update/delete) before or after and the sequence of transaction events is captured in changelog (shadow tables), then they are processed by the software to replay on the target database.
Transaction Log-based (CDC) — every database will have transaction logs (redos) to store all database transactions/events sequentially and be used in case of database crash recovery. Using native database transaction log plug-ins the transactions (DMLs) can be captured to change logs with some filters, transforms, and aggregations. Later, the sequence of captured DMLs will be replicated to the target database.
Both CDC approaches can be used to replicate data from Oracle to PostgreSQL. However, each has its own merits and limitations, depending on the requirements we can choose one of the available approaches. There are very good software options available to support both CDC approaches.
Change Data Capture
 - Data loaded continuously to target database (after initial snapshot)
 - User can access source database while data loads to target database
 - Data sync control (if interrupted, it can be resumed)
 - Partial replication (Set of tables can be replicated)
 - Need replication software
 - In trigger-based CDC, there could be a slight performance overhead
 - No Large Objects support
 - Partial to small application downtime (switchover time)
 - Only commercial/free to use tools available, no open source.
What Are the Free Tools Available for Data Migration?
There are open and free to use tools available for data migration in three different categories we have discussed in the blog. Below are the set of tools that we came across under those categories:
What are the free tools available for data migration?
I hope this blog helps you better understand the data migration strategies and tools available.
For a deeper dive, watch our on-demand webinar, Conquering Data Migration from Oracle to PostgreSQL
Conquering Data Migration from Oracle to Postgres
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Raghavendra Rao
Raghavendra Rao is a Managing Consultant in Professional Services Division in EnterpriseDB(Headquarters). He has been working with PostgreSQL since 2009 and over 20 years of working experience with relation database system...


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In this lesson, our instructor Laura Ryan gives an introduction to music theory. She gives an overview of the grand staff, major scales, and minor scales before discussing the names of white and black keys. She concludes the video with chords, chord progressions, and examples of each concept covered in the lesson.
The grand staff is made of both Treble and Bass clefs.
When reading notes separately from left to right, they are played in succession.
When reading notes stacked vertically on top of one another, they are played simultaneously.
One can use simple chord progressions and only a few notes to create catchy and memorable tunes.
Lecture Slides are screen-captured images of important points in the lecture. Students can download and print out these lecture slide images to do practice problems as well as take notes while watching the lecture.


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I have and automated test that test an algorithm and the output of this test is the percentual precision of the algorithm. Currently our team is trying to make this algorithm more precise, as well as doing some refactorings. I need to find a way to do some kind of assert given the precision. My initial idea is just set a threshold (say, 80%) and create a assert like Assert.IsGreater(precision, 80). Although it seems OK, I wish I could have a better measurement tool than this. For example, I wish I could create levels (or grades), and set my precision according to these levels (100 to 90 is "A", 89 to 80 is "B", and so on). This would help me to control the quality of the code that is being built. Have you used any tools (or created one) to do such measurements? Did any of you passed for a situation like mine?
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It is difficult to answer your question without understanding the form of the algorithm's output and what the output should be compared to. What form does the algorithm's output take: e.g. a single number, a vector, a matrix? – user246 Sep 7 '11 at 13:11
I'll do my best to say something about the algorithm without giving much detail about it: the algorithm receives a matrix and the output is another matrix with some operations applied. There are some things that must be taken into consideration, as precision and performance. I can just measure the precision of the result knowing the exact result, spotting the diferences and using some heuritics to calculate the precision. – kidbomb Sep 8 '11 at 12:57
3 Answers 3
First I will summarize your question. You are testing an algorithm that takes a matrix as input and produces another matrix as output. Your test needs to measure the precision of the output. You do not want the result of your test to be simply past/fail; rather, you want your test to express a more graduated result.
I perceive two issues: how do you compute the precision in a way that measures quality, and how do you report the precision effectively?
Early in my career, I worked for a company that wrote software for the petroleum industry. The software could convert between digitized contour maps and matrices representing underground surfaces. It also had algorithms for filtering and combining matrices in different ways. There were different ways to measure the quality of the output of these algorithms, and to some degree, the quality was subjective. To put it another way, there were ways to quantify things about the matrices -- to assign a numeric score to the matrix, so to speak -- but the degree to which the score correlated with quality was always subjective. Moreover, I do not believe the scoring systems we used at that company were necessarily applicable to matrices in other industries, e.g. to digital images.
I say all this to illustrate that it is difficult to suggest an appropriate way to compute precision, as you call it, without knowing more about the data that your matrix represents and the goal of the algorithm. Nonetheless, I think it is a good idea to reduce your precision measurement to a single, concise number (or perhaps a vector) rather than a "precision matrix".
Regarding effective ways to present precision, I think the presentation method will depend on the context. If you are presenting a single precision by itself, the precision number may be good enough. If you are presenting a large number of test results, where you are comparing one precision number to another, it may be better to grade the precision with letters of the alphabet (as you mentioned), or with colors or shapes. I am sure a Google search would reveal websites devoted to effective ways of presenting statistics.
This question may also be relevant to you: How should I test the output of image renderers thoroughly, efficiently and in a branchable way.
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your question is too vague, can you reveal more details about this algorithm? I have been there, but the algorithm already had a way to test its precision (PSQM)
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I can't reveal more details about the algorithm, but you have just reached the second problem of my testing: I can just test the precision with heuristics instead of certified quality measurements. – kidbomb Sep 8 '11 at 12:49
You could have your test code log the precision measurements into an external storage (CSV, XML, RDBMS, you name it) and generate a report from that by an external tool. So if a refactoring brings the precision down, your external tool could do fancy stuff like sending everybody an XMPP message, calling the boss or shutting off the coffee machine until the former level has been restored.
Another idea is to take the threshold of the Assert from the last value written to the external storage and update that if the code passes the test. This would give you some sort of sliding threshold.
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The Documentation Centre was created in 1965 when the statutes of the organization provided for the establishment of an International Documentation Centre on the conservation and restoration of architectural heritage. This was done at the initiative of UNESCO.
In 1966, the Brussels Symposium was held with the purpose of defining the aims, structure, and objectives of the ICOMOS Documentation Centre, which are also described in the Statutes: "to gather, study and disseminate information concerning principles, techniques and policies for the conservation, protection, rehabilitation and enhancement of monuments, groups of buildings and sites". (Art. 5b)
The Centre was inaugurated in 1974 and became operational in 1977, when ICOMOS hired a documentalist and an assistant to organise and manage it.
In 1982, the Centre is computerised and a bibliographical database devoted to cultural heritage - ICOMMOS - is created. The Documetation Centre is part of the UNESCO-ICOM-ICOMOS network; it is linked to the central computer at UNESCO by a special line where all the bibliographical information accessible from the computer terminals placed in the different centres is stored.
In 1986, ICOMOS became a partner in the international Conservation Information Network (CIN) created by the Getty Conservation Institute. The ICOMOS Documentation Centre has since then participated in BCIN, the bibliographical database of the CIN, managed by the Canadian Conservation Institute. This database contains over 150,000 citations, including the combined holdings of the libraries and documentation centres of the contributing institutions (ICCROM, CCI, GCI, ICOM, ICOMOS, National Archives of Canada, SCMRE).
In 1990, the Documentation Centre launched a programme of selective information dissemination via computer diskette, with the goal of facilitating the access to bibliographical information managed by ICOMOS.
In 1998, UNESCO changed its computer systems, and so the bibliographical database had to be transferred from their mainframe system to ICOMOS's in-house IT system.
Since June 2002, the database can be searched on the internet at _URL_ It is also available on the Conservation Information Network (CIN) web site (_URL_), of which ICOMOS is a partner.
One documentalist is in charge of the Documentation Centre, who is occasionally helped by documentation interns.


Voltage optimisation in the quest for sustainable energy
Home /Blog /General Information /Voltage optimisation in the quest for sustainable energy
Sam Allcock
Sustainability now tends to be a cornerstone of most business models, and it's one that has been accelerated in the last year as national lockdowns slowed society down to a halt and global emissions whittled down by 5.8%. Lockdown might have been the breather that the planet needed, but there is much work to be done.
In the race for net zero emissions by 2050, it's essential that businesses play their part in making the commitment to reducing their carbon footprint by 2030 – a target agreed between member states and the EU Parliament – including the adoption of smart technologies and power protection solutions in order to achieve energy efficiency.
An increased demand for energy
Lockdown brought on significant changes to how we consume electricity in the UK, leading to a widespread energy imbalance. This strain on the national grid came from a mix of usage becoming more evenly spread as there was more variation in people's morning routines, and spikes in TV pick-ups when we tuned into lockdown announcements.
During March 0f 2020, domestic energy consumption specifically rose by 4.5% on the whole, likely as a result of increased remote working from that month. In fact, around this time, we saw an increase in customers switching energy providers compared to the previous year.
"The margin between what's generated and what's being demanded is decreasing, meaning there's a higher risk of voltage brownouts and power outages," says Simon Dover, energy expert and Operations Manager at Ashley Edison. "Power generators and distribution suppliers have got to remodel and make sure they have the capacity and the infrastructure to meet these new requirements."
Voltage optimisation: what is it and is it worth it?
By stabilising the mains electricity supply and ensuring it doesn't exceed the equipment's intended voltage, an automatic voltage optimiser (AVO) is capable of significantly reducing energy usage and cutting energy costs by up to 20%, solving problems around unnecessary energy consumption – particularly in Europe.
In the UK and some other countries, although electrical equipment is designed to operate at 220 volts, generated electricity can typically amount to up to 245. However, interest in voltage optimisation is growing worldwide and has the potential to greatly assist in lowering our impact on the environment, inching us somewhat closer to carbon neutrality.
The technology works by stabilising the output of electricity so that it is proportional to the intended voltage supply of the equipment. If your business' appliances largely rely on voltage, it may serve you well to consider voltage optimisation, particularly on a large industrial scale.
For homeowners, the need for voltage optimisation is less common, however, those who have installed the technology have seen returns on investment of up to 27%.
Aside from the environmental benefits, an AVO effectively preserves the design life of electrical equipment by protecting it against frequent power surges and voltage transients and allowing it to operate more efficiently, effectively reducing ongoing maintenance costs.
Embracing energy-saving technologies
Against the backdrop of recent events, including the G7 summit which saw world leaders come together to agree on an agenda for halving global emissions by 2030, organisations are realising a collective, conscious effort to transform their outlook on sustainability needs to be made.
Voltage optimisation in particular, although less known, is an effective method for regulating the UK's voltage supply which remains relatively high compared with that of other countries in Europe.
By adopting these kinds of technologies, businesses increase their value and the incentive for people to choose them. It is time to take the necessary steps towards sustainability if companies are to keep up with competitors and improve their credibility and efficiency.
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Reflections from the Trademark Scholars Roundtable
In this volume are published works reflect the conversations from the Fourth Trademark Scholars Roundtable at DePaul University in 2012. The Trademark Scholars Roundtable participants discussed a wide range of approaches to understanding and limiting the ever-increasing sprawl of trademark rights.
Reflections on the Patent Scope Revisited Conference
This issue focuses on vehicles external to the patent system and the impact that they may have on determining scope of rights for patents. Included in this issue are conversations about the perceived formalistic behavior of the Federal Circuit and argument for courts to consider extrinsic evidence for interpretation of claim construction, giving way to policy considerations of productive directions for patent scope.


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Hugan tea is also known as Liver Comfort or Liver Protection Tea because it works to detoxify and protect the liver. The tea also heals liver scars and wounds and helps in the control of liver fat. The tea has a good effect on hepatitis (A, B, and C) and helps to nourish other organs of the body such as the lungs and kidneys. Hugan tea can be used for the prevention and treatment of typhoid and malaria. It also lowers blood sugar and cholesterol levels.
This tea is recommended for active and passive smokers and alcoholics and those taking antihypertensive drugs and drugs for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases for a long period as it will clear the toxic deposits and nourish their liver. It is good for people whose liver has been damaged by excessive consumption of alcohol, smoking, eating of contaminated food, and exposure to a polluted environment. Remember also that the wrong application of chemicals for pest control by farmers often results in chemical residue in our food crop and these chemicals when ingested can lead to liver damage. It is recommended also for people living with fatty liver and hepatitis. Hugan tea eliminates parasites, alcoholic toxins, and the harmful effect f tobacco on the liver.
Hugan tea can be taken daily to boost one's health and general wellbeing. There are 40 tea bags in a pack. However, Hugan tea is not recommended for pregnant or lactating women.
IHugan Tea is a product of GCAT Eternal International and it is registered with the National Agency for Food, Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC): C1-4073
- It heals liver scars and wounds
- Detoxifies and smoothens the liver
- Helps to control liver fat
- Helps in the treatment of hepatitis
- Removes parasites, alcoholic toxins from the liver
- Eliminates the harmful effect of tobacco on liver
- Good for smokers and consumers of alcohol
- Recommended for those whose liver has been damaged by pollution in the environment
- Lowers blood sugar and cholesterol levels
- Alleviates feverish condition
Why You Need To Prevent Your Liver From Being Damaged
The liver plays a very important function in the body. It is essential for digesting food and ridding your body of toxic substances. It supplies the body cells with essential nutrients. This organ also helps in normalizing your blood sugar. For instance, if you consume carbohydrates and it is broken down to sugar, the liver will ensure that it does not lead to a spike in your blood sugar by removing the sugar from the blood and storing it in the form of glycogen. When the blood sugar level is too low, the liver will break down glycogen and release sugar into the blood. It means, the liver stores energy in the form of glycogen and releases it to the body when needed. It also stores vitamins and minerals and releases them into the blood when needed.
The liver cells convert toxic substances, such as ammonia into less toxic urea which is then released into the blood and transported to the kidneys to be passed out of the body in urine.
As human beings, we cannot afford to allow our liver, which filters toxins from our body to get damaged. Unfortunately, this is oftentimes the case. Liver diseases is prevalent in the country even as our hospitals are poorly equipped to manage the problem. The Director-General of NAFDAC (National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control), Prof. Mojisola Adeyeye, sounded the alarm recently when she declared that liver and kidney diseases are on the rise in Nigeria.
Many factors can lead to liver damage and they include, viruses, parasites, alcohol intake, smoking, obesity, poor diet, contaminated food and water, pollution, or close contact with an infected person, among others. These factors can lead to liver failure, which is a life-threatening condition. Liver problems may not present any specific symptoms at the early stages, which is why it is necessary to always nourish this vital organ for optimal performance so that you may live a healthy life.


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1. The Wrestling Match tells the coming of age story of a young boy, Okei, from what country?
2. Okei grows up in a culture nearly destroyed during what decade?
3. What nearly caused the destruction of Okei's nation during his youth?
4. What time is it when the story begins?
5. In what setting does the tale begin?
6. Where are the vendors in the initial scene?
They have left the market to return to their homes for the night.
7. How is Okei disciplined early in the story?
He is yelled at.
This section contains 5,372 words
(approx. 18 pages at 300 words per page)


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Shaanxi Yunzhong Industry Development Co.,Ltd
Address: NO.128 Gaoxin Road, Baoji City, Shaanxi Province of China
High, good mechanical properties is another excellent feature of titanium alloy.
Titanium alloy can be divided into: corrosion-resistant titanium alloy, structural titanium alloy, heat-resistant titanium alloy gold, low-temperature titanium alloy according to the application.
The difference between titanium and stainless steel
1. Can be distinguished from the color. Titanium is a bit dark, revealing a cool color, and it feels cool. Titanium is darker than steel. Steel is white, pale. The two colors are quite visible.
2. It can also be distinguished by chemical means, that is, it is soaked in nitric acid. Titanium does not react, and a strong reaction occurs when the stainless steel is placed down. The distinction between pure titanium and titanium alloys is difficult to see from the outside.
3. Titanium can be marked with grayish black on the tile, but stainless steel can not be marked.
4. Titanium corrosion resistance: Titanium alloy profile below 550 °C is easy to form a dense oxide film, so it is not easily further oxidized, and has high oxygen, seawater, steam and some acid, alkali and soft media. Anti-loss.
5. Titanium heat strength is good: titanium alloy has a melting point of 1660 ° C, which is higher than iron, has higher heat strength, can be below 550 ° C, and at the same time, it shows good toughness at low temperature.
6. Titanium processing is difficult: welding, plating, and cold drawing are very difficult. Welding and plating must be carried out under vacuum or under an inert gas (vacuum ion plating)
we long term process titanium& Ti alloy products to over 55 countries throughout the world, mail inquiry welcome


From The.45 Automatic, " Service Pistol Surrogates" by J.B. Roberts, Jr.
Colt.45 Autos have been copied, both here and abroad, almost since the first ones were made. The first of the foreign copiers was Norway. Seeking a suitable semi-automatic pistol, the Norwegian military decided on the M1911 as early as 1912. In 1913 and 1914, the Norwegians purchased 300 commercial.45s from Colt and then, having established that no Norwegian product was acceptable, began to negotiate for a license to build guns in Norway. Under an agreement signed in January, 1915, payment of 25,000 kroner bought the Norwegians a set of Colt's drawings and the right to make M1911 pistols at their Kongsberg Weapons Factory for as long, and in whatever quantity they desired.
Formally adopted as the "Colt Automatisk Pistol Model 1912," the first 500 guns are virtual twins of the Colt product, differing only in marking. The second production lot, begun in 1919, carried a different slide marking-—11.25 m/m Auto. Pistol M/1914. The M/1914 also features a slide release lever that is distinctly different from those on both Colt and M/1912 Norwegian pistols.
The Kongsberg plant turned out about 20,000 M/1914 pistols between 1919 and the early '30s. Then, military demand satisfied, the line shut down. Under German occupation during World War II, the production of M/1914 was re-started, and another 10,000 were produced. Following the war, a few M/1914s were assembled from parts to bring the total made to just under 33,000.
Comments, suggestions, contributions? Let me know


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equalp x y => generalized-boolean
Arguments and Values:
generalized-boolean---a generalized boolean.
Returns true if x and y are equal, or if they have components that are of the same type as each other and if those components are equalp; specifically, equalp returns true in the following cases:
equalp does not descend any objects other than the ones explicitly specified above. The next figure summarizes the information given in the previous list. In addition, the figure specifies the priority of the behavior of equalp, with upper entries taking priority over lower ones.
Type Behavior number uses = character uses char-equal cons descends bit vector descends string descends pathname same as equal structure descends, as described above Other array descends hash table descends, as described above Other object uses eq
Figure 5-13. Summary and priorities of behavior of equalp
(equalp 'a 'b) => false (equalp 'a 'a) => true (equalp 3 3) => true (equalp 3 3.0) => true (equalp 3.0 3.0) => true (equalp _TAG_(3 -4) _TAG_(3 -4)) => true (equalp _TAG_(3 -4.0) _TAG_(3 -4)) => true (equalp (cons 'a 'b) (cons 'a 'c)) => false (equalp (cons 'a 'b) (cons 'a 'b)) => true (equalp #\A #\A) => true (equalp #\A #\a) => true (equalp "Foo" "Foo") => true (equalp "Foo" (copy-seq "Foo")) => true (equalp "FOO" "foo") => true
(setq array1 (make-array 6 :element-type 'integer :initial-contents '(1 1 1 3 5 7))) => #(1 1 1 3 5 7) (setq array2 (make-array 8 :element-type 'integer :initial-contents '(1 1 1 3 5 7 2 6) :fill-pointer 6)) => #(1 1 1 3 5 7) (equalp array1 array2) => true (setq vector1 (vector 1 1 1 3 5 7)) => #(1 1 1 3 5 7) (equalp array1 vector1) => true
Side Effects: None.
Affected By: None.
Exceptional Situations: None.
eq, eql, equal, =, string=, string-equal, char=, char-equal
Object equality is not a concept for which there is a uniquely determined correct algorithm. The appropriateness of an equality predicate can be judged only in the context of the needs of some particular program. Although these functions take any type of argument and their names sound very generic, equal and equalp are not appropriate for every application.


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REVIEW OF THE ACCOMMODATION OFFICE
26th November 2012,
Administrative Units are encouraged to see a review as an opportunity to critically analyse their goals and objectives and to receive affirmation that their plans will have long term benefits to their staff and the wider University community. The key part of the review is the Unit's self review in which the following questions need to be addressed in light of terms of reference below:
-What is the current situation of the Unit?
-Where does the Unit want to be in 5 years' time?
-What does the Unit need to do to get there?
-What can the University do to support the Unit to achieve this goal?
-What does the Unit do well?
Contact _EMAIL_ for more information