Interpolation vs. Extrapolation
Maintaining networked objects in sync is just one part of the problem when we consider multiplayer games. One of the prominent issues that arise is the lag, or other words, the time that takes to update from one player arrives other players, what can lead to jitter movement of characters or even "teleports" in some extreme cases.
In order to mitigate such cases, Photon Bolt implements two strategies with the objective to hide the lag as much as possible from the game experience: (i) interpolation (interpolated snapshots) and (ii) extrapolation (dead reckoning). They serve the same basic purpose: Smooth movement of remote player characters on screen, but they do it in vastly different ways.
Bolt has support for these algoritms on certain property types of the entity states, mostly used to synchonize position and/or rotation information, as described below:
Property Type Interpolation Extrapolation
Also know as Interpolated Snapshots (IS), follows a simple principle, works by taking two old but known positions and moving the character between them. To accomplish this, Bolt maintains a limited historical array of received data (that can represent the position and rotation of an entity, for example), used to compute a smooth transition between the current value and the last valid.
When using this technique to sync the Transform property of an entity, for instance, the gains consists in that most cases provides a very accurate representation of the world for each player, as in general only already known positions of the remote objects are rendered and in a few cases the entity will be snapped to a position.
The downside of the interpolation is that it requires a delay of the rendering object by some pre-set amount, as the object seen on a client do not represents the most recent value receive, meaning that the player is always behind the real game state (even if this gap is small), this is need to perform the lerp correctly. Also, the algorithm must run on each client for each entity and each property with it enabled, so consider using it with caution.
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Extrapolation is another approach used to reduce the perception of non-periodical state updates. This method, called sometimes of Dead Reckoning (DR), works by taking the last known position, rotation and velocity of a game object, and looking at them, try to predict where the entity is going to be in the future. If a player sends a packet every third frame, that packet contains the current position, rotation, and velocity of our object, the extrapolation algorithm in Bolt is able to deduce where the object is going be for the next three frames until a piece of new information arrives.
The key factor, in this case, is that if a new packet has not arrived when we have extrapolated to our third frame, we can keep guessing with the same algorithm - sure, the further into the future we guess the more likely it is that we're going to be wrong, but the DR algorithm uses something called projective velocity blending to do corrections when our real data arrives.
The benefit of using extrapolation is that we don't need any artificial delay on our packets, or well - we need very little at least, this lets the game render things faster to the players and does not introduce the same type of artificial lag as the interpolation. It is also a lot better when dealing with games with large player counts, as it handles lost packets or skipped packets (where there was no info for a specific entitiy position, rotation, and velocity) transparently.
The cost of DR is that it's not as precise as IS, and it can be hard to use if you have something like an FPS game where you want to do authoritative and lag compensated shooting, because of the nature of extrapolation (estimation), things might look a bit more different on each player's screen then if you were using interpolated values, which means that you could miss a shot even if you were aiming straight on a player that was moving perpendicular to you.
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Selecting The Smoothing Algorithm
When you create a new property of a Bolt Entity State, depending on the property type (listed here), you are able to select one of the available smoothing algorithms:
Smoothing Algorightm selection
Smoothing Algorightm selection.
When selecting the Interpolation option, there are no extra settings needed to be set, Bolt will take care of the running the algorithm, but when choosing the Extrapolation technique, some parameters can be changed to properly fill the needs of your game:
 - Extrapolation Velocity: this selects from where the velocity of your game object will be gettered or calculated: (i) Calculate from Position difference, (ii) Copy From Rigidbody, (iii) Copy From Rigidbody2D or (iv) Copy From CharacterController components.
 - Extrapolation Settings: configure the max number of frames in the future for the estimation and the error tolerance between the predicted value and the actual value, in order to set the data or not, without smooth.
Extrapolation Algorithm settings.
Extrapolation Algorithm settings.
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text:
Following the basic design guidelines listed below can help you create overhead visuals that are easily read by people of many different ages and abilities to read and see. Large print and well-organized visual aids are particularly helpful for some students with disabilities that affect their sight, learning, or hearing.
- Use a large font size, perhaps 36-point or larger. Be sure that the projected text can be read by most people sitting in the back of the room in which you are projecting.
- Use a font style like Roman serif or sans serif, which tend to have more space between letters than other font styles.
- Use boldface.
- Use italics and underlining for emphasis, but avoid using many different font styles on the same visual.
- Keep your visuals simple. Minimize the amount of text on each visual. Focus on just the main points of one topic on a single visual. There should generally be no more than about six words per line and ten lines per visual. In most cases, the minimum spacing between lines should be 1.5 times the word height.
- Use adequate contrast between text, diagrams, and pictures and background. Colors such as yellow and some greens and pinks do not show up well on overheads. Light or white letters printed on a dark background are more readable than dark letters on a white background.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Scala has a very special streaming library called FS2 (Functional Streams for Scala). This library embodies all the advantages of functional programming (FP). By understanding its design goals you will get exposure to the core ideas that make FP so appealing.
FS2 has one central type: Stream[Effect,Output]
You might get from this type that it's a Stream and that it emits values of type Output.
The obvious question here is what is Effect? What is the link between Effect and Output? And what advantages does FS2 have over other streaming libraries?
I will start by reviewing what problems FS2 solves. Then I compare List and Stream with several code examples. After that, I will focus on how to use Stream with a DB or any other IO. That is where FS2 shines and where the Effecttype is used. Once you will understand what Effect is, the advantages of Functional Programming should be evident to you.
At the end of this post you will get the answers to the following questions:
 - What problems can I solve with FS2?
 - What can I do with Stream that List cannot?
 - How can I feed data from an API/File/DB to Stream?
 - What is this Effect type and how does it relate to functional programming?
Note: The code is in Scala and should be understandable even without prior knowledge of the syntax.
What problems can I solve with FS2?
 1. Streaming I/O: Loading incrementally big data sets that would not fit in memory and operating on them without blowing your heap.
 2. Control Flow (not covered): Moving data from one/several DBs/files/APIs to others in a nice declarative way.
 3. Concurrency (not covered): Run different streams in parallel and make them communicate together. For example loading data from multiple files and processing them concurrently as opposed to sequentially. You can do some advanced stuff here. Streams can communicate together during the processing stage and not only at the end.
List vs Stream
List is the most well known and used data structure. To get a feel for how it differs from an FS2 Stream, we will go through a few use cases. We will see how Stream can solve problems that List cannot.
Your data is too big and does not fit in memory
Let's say you have a very big file (40GB) fahrenheit.txt. The file has a temperature on each line and you want to convert it to celsius.txt.
Loading a big file using List
val list = Source.fromFile("testdata/fahrenheit.txt").getLines.toList
java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space
List fails miserably because of course, the file is too big to fit in memory. If you are curious, you can go check the full solution using Stream here — but do that later, read on :)
When List won't do…Stream to the rescue!
Let's say I succeeded in reading my file and I want to write it back. I would like to preserve the line structure. I need to insert a newline character \n after each temperature.
I can use the intersperse combinator to do that
import fs2._
Another nice one is zipWithNext
scala> Stream(1,2,3,4).zipWithNext.toList
res1: List[(Int, Option[Int])] = List((1,Some(2)), (2,Some(3)), (3,Some(4)), (4,None))
It bundles consecutive things together, very useful if you want to remove consecutive duplicates.
These are only a few from a lot of very useful ones, here is the full list.
Obviously Stream can do a lot of things that List cannot, but the best feature is coming in the next section, it's all about how to use Stream in the real world with DBs/Files/APIs...
Let's just say for now that this our program
scala> Stream(1,2,3)
res2: fs2.Stream[fs2.Pure,Int] = Stream(..)
What does this Pure mean? Here is the scaladoc from the source code:
 * Indicates that a stream evaluates no effects.
 * A 'Stream[Pure,O]' can be safely converted to a 'Stream[F,O]' for all 'F'.
type Pure[A] <: Nothing
It means no effects, ok …, but What is an effect? and more specifically what is the effect of our program Stream(1,2,3)?
This program has literally no effect on the world. Its only effect will be to make your CPU work and consumes some power!! It does not affect the world around you.
By affecting the world I mean it consumes any meaningful resource like a file, a database, or it produces anything like a file, uploading some data somewhere, writing to your terminal, and so on.
How do I turn a Pure stream to something useful?
Let's say I want to load user ids from a DB, I am given this function, it does a call to the DB and returns the userId as a Long.
import scala.concurrent.Future
def loadUserIdByName(userName: String): Future[Long] =???
It returns a Future which indicates that this call is asynchronous and the value will be available at some point in the future. It wraps the value returned by the DB.
I have this Pure stream.
scala> val names = Stream("bob", "alice", "joe")
names: fs2.Stream[fs2.Pure,String] = Stream(..)
How do I get a Stream of ids?
The naive approach would be to use the map function, it should run the function for each value in the Stream.
scala> userIdsFromDB.compile
res5: fs2.Stream.ToEffect[scala.concurrent.Future,Long] = fs2.Stream$ToEffect@fc0f18da
I still got back a Pure! I gave the Stream a function that affects the world and I still got a Pure, not cool... It would have been neat if FS2 would have detected automatically that the loadUserIdByName function has an effect on the world and returned me something that is NOT Pure but it does not work like that. You have to use a special combinator instead of map: you have to use evalMap.
scala> userIdsFromDB.toList
:18: error: value toList is not a member of fs2.Stream[scala.concurrent.Future,Long]
No more Pure! we got Future instead, yay! What just happened?
It took:
 - loadUserIdByName: Future[Long]
 - Stream[Pure, String]
And switched the types of the stream to
 - Stream[Future, Long]
It separated the Future and isolated it! The left side that was the Effect type parameter is now the concrete Future type.
Neat trick, but how does it help me?
You just witnessed true separation of concerns. You can continue to operate on the stream with all the nice List like combinators and you don't have to worry about if the DB is down, slow or all the stuff that is related to the network (effect) concerns.
It all works until I want to use toList to get the values back
scala> userIdsFromDB.toList
What???!!! I could swear that I used toList before and it worked, how can it say that toList is not a member of fs2.Stream[Future,String] any more? It is as if this function was removed the moment I started using an effect-ful stream, that's impressive! But how do I get my values back?
scala> userIdsFromDB.compile
First we use compile to tell the Stream to combine all the effects into one, effectively it folds all the calls to loadUserIdByName into one big Future. This is needed by the framework, and it will become apparent why this step is needed soon.
Now toList should work
scala> userIdsFromDB.compile.toList
:18: error: could not find implicit value for parameter F: cats.effect.Sync[scala.concurrent.Future]
What?! the compiler is still complaining. That's because Future is not a good Effect type — it breaks the philosophy of separation of concerns as explained in the next very important section.
IMPORTANT: The ONE thing to take away from this post
A key point here, is that the DB has not been called at this point. Nothing happened really, the full program does not produce anything.
Stream("bob", "alice", "joe").evalMap(loadUserIdByName).compile
Separating program description from evaluation
Yes it might be surprising but the major theme in FP is separating the
 - Description of your program: a good example is the program we just wrote, it's a pure description of the problem "I give you names and a DB, give me back IDs"
And the
 - Execution of your program: running the actual code and asking it to go to the DB
One more time our program has literally no effect on the world besides making your computer warm, exactly like our Pure stream.
Code that does not have an effect is called pure and that's what all Functional Programming is about: writing programs with functions that are pure. Bravo, you now know what FP is all about.
Why would you want write code this way? Simple: to achieve separation of concerns between the IO parts and the rest of our code.
Now let's fix our program and take care of this Future problem.
As we said Future is a bad Effect type, it goes against the separation of concerns principle. Indeed, Future is eager in Scala: the moment you create one it starts to executes on some thread, you don't have control of the execution and thus it breaks. FS2 is well aware of that and does not let you compile. To fix this


text:
APPLICATIONS OF TECHNOLOGY:
- In-the-field cryogenic microscopy sample preparation
- Microbial ecology
- Cryo-TEM laboratories
- Extremophile sampling
- Works in remote locations and extreme environments
- Simple operation
- Affordable alternative for labs lacking cryo-plunging equipment
A Berkeley Lab team led by Luis R. Comolli has developed the Portable Cryo-Plunger, a lightweight, portable flash-freezing apparatus that can safely preserve biological samples in the field for subsequent analysis using cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM), an approach to study near-intact bacteria, viruses, and protein structures if they are flash frozen in vitreous (non-crystalline) ice. The Portable Cryo-Plunger has successfully prepared cryo-TEM samples in real time, enabling the study of microbial communities that have never been cultured in a laboratory setting.
As demonstrated in one configuration of the device, weighing 4 kg and standing 71-cm tall, the Portable Cryo-Plunger can be transported on foot to a sampling site (see image below). Mounted on a tripod, it can be set up in difficult terrain, such as the interior of a mine or the shores of a salt lake. The Portable Cryo-Plunger is designed to fit in its base, a medium density foam cylinder Dewar containing a liquid nitrogen bath, surrounding a liquid ethane or propane cup where the flash freezing (~-188 °C) takes place. A droplet of sample is applied to a standard cryo-TEM grid, and the grid is placed at the plunger tip. At the top of the plunger is a spring-loaded handle that is used to drive the sample tip quickly into the flash-freezing cup.
The use of Cryo-TEM has been limited because most specimens must be flash frozen in a lab, and by the time they reach the lab from remote field locations, they can be seriously degraded. Freezing eliminates damage caused by traditional fixation and dehydration of specimens, affording more realistic and detailed views of bacteria, including images of delicate extracellular structures whose surfaces are exposed to the environment.
Since the Cryo-Plunger costs less than a tenth of the price of commercially available cryo-TEM flash freezing devices, it can be used in laboratories that do not have the resources to acquire automated equipment. The device also can foster collaborations between cryo-TEM labs and field researchers who previously lacked access to cryo-TEM microscopy.
The Cryo-Plunger is designed for ease of operation in the field. This version, set up on a tripod, weighs only 4 kg.
DEVELOPMENT STATUS: Fully functional field-tested prototype.
STATUS: Patent pending. Available for licensing or collaborative research.
FOR MORE INFORMATION:
Comolli, L.R., Duarte, R., Baum, D., Luef, B., Downing, K.H., Larson, D.M., Csencsits, R., Banfield, J.F. "A portable cryo-plunger for on-site intact cryogenic microscopy sample preparation in natural environment," Microscopy Research and Technique, December 30, 2011.
REFERENCE NUMBER: IB-3145


Journal of Korean Endocrine Society 1999;14(2):255-264.
Published online January 1, 2001.
Effect of Isoproterenol on the Glucose-induced Hypothalamin Somatostatin Release.
Sung Woon Kim, Jin Woo Kim, Young Seol Kim, Young Kil Choi, In Myoung Yang, Jung Taek Woo, Chul Young Park, Sun Woo Kim, Jung Hyun Ro, Sang Hwa Kim, Seung Joon Oh, Duk Yoon Kim
Acute hypoglycemia stimulates somatostatin (SRIH) release from the hypothalamus, and which in turn suppress growth hormone (GH) secretion from the anterior pituitary gland. However, the exact mechanism of glucose increases the hypothalamic SRIH secretion is not well known. Beta-adrenergic pathway is known to stimulate the hypothalamus SRIH release. We, therefore, hypothesized that the glucose-induced SRIH release may be mediated by the stimulation of the central beta-adrenergic system, and investigated to determine whether a beta-adrermgic aganist, isoproterenol, contribute the suppressive effect of glucose on the GHRH-induced GH secretian. METHODS: Ten healthy young men, aged 23 to 26 years, were studied. Four endocrinological tests were carried out. (Test 1) GHRH (Bachem, CA, U.S.A.), 100pg bolus, was given intravenously at 0 minute. (Test 2) Glucose 100 gm dissolved in water, was given orally at -30 minute and GHRH was administered as Test 1. (Test 3) Isoproterenol (Isuprel, Sanofi Winthrop, USA), 0.012 mg/kg, wasinfused continuously between 0 minute and 120 minute, and GHRH was administered as Test 1. (Test 4) Isoproterenol, 0.012 mg kg was infused continuously between 0 minute and 120 minute, and glucose and GHRH were administered as Test 2. RESULTS: Oral glucose ingestion significantly suppressed the GHRH-induced GH secretion. The acute hyperglycemia significantly suppressed GHRH-induced GH secretion. The pretreatments with isoproterenol significantly suppressed the GHRH-induced GH levels. The pretreatment with glucose and isoproterenol suppressed the GHRH-induced GH levels more compared to those induced by glucose in Test 2. The GH levels in Test 4 did not significantly differ from those in Test 3. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggests that the hypothalamic somatostatinergic activity induced by the oral glucose administeration is not mediated by the beta-adrenergic pathway in normal men. (J Kor Soc Endocrinool 14:255-264, 1999)
Key Words: Hyperglycemia, Beta-Pathway, Isoproterenol, Somatostatin
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CentriPure P2 Columns
Cat. No.
Gel filtration column for purification and desalting of proteins larger than 5 kD. Processes sample volumes of 150 to 300 µL.
CentriPure P2 Gel Filtration Columns are designed for rapid desalting and efficient removal of small molecules (dyes, salts, buffers, biotin, haptens, etc.) from proteins in a sample volume of 200 µL.
Purified antibodies, enzymes and other proteins larger than 5 kD are eluted using gravity into a buffer of choice. The removal efficiency of small molecules typically exceeds 99.99%, with a dilution of around 2-fold and a protein recovery generally greater than 85%. Samples are processed in under 15 minutes.
The gel matrix in CentriPure P2 is Zetadex-25, a size-exclusion gel with an effective pore size of about 5 kD. Molecules larger than the pores are excluded from the gel, remain in the void volume, rapidly pass through the column, and are eluted free of small molecular weight contaminants.
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text:
Invest in life-changing reasearch today!
World-class scientists at the Institute for Aging Research depend on support from people like you. As a nonprofit organization, we rely on your philanthropy to carry out our ambitious research agenda. When you donate to the Institute for Aging Research, you're:
- Investing in new treatment approaches for common conditions associated with aging
- Creating a pipeline for future research talent by allowing our investigators to recruit and mentor students and young researchers
- Providing seed money for researchers to begin new projects and attract federal funding
- Helping researchers to share key findings with professionals from around the world
By making a gift to support IFAR, you're having a significant positive impact on major societal issues such as health care costs and quality of life – issues that affect each and every one of us.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


No initial fees and no fees until your claim is approved.
Understanding how education and age impact SSD
The Social Security Administration uses a five-step process to determine whether or not you qualify for Social Security Disability benefits. The fifth and final step in claim adjudication assesses your ability to adjust to any other type of work. At this stage, your age and level of education factor into your disability status.
Knowing how the SSA assesses these two factors will help you better understand the complex SSD application process.
How is age considered by the SSA?
Your age partially determines your ability to adjust to other work, although it is not the sole factor considered. The SSA considers advancing age a limiting factor. For example, if you are approaching an advanced age (around age 50-54), the SSA views this, along with limited work experience and a severe impairment, as seriously impacting your ability to adjust to other work. If you are age 55 or older, your age significantly affects your potential adjustment to new work.
How does education factor into SSD qualification?
Your education is another way that affects how the SSA assesses the extent to which you can adjust to other work. Your years of schooling, completion of trade or vocational school or certifications for special job training all factor into how you may adjust to new work.
Additionally, if you do not have formal education, then the SSA considers strong evidence how your educational achievement is higher or lower than the last school grade you completed. Limited English communication ability and illiteracy both limit your future work ability.
If you recently graduated from a program that trained you for a skilled field, the SSA will classify you as not disabled. This is especially true if you are mentally and physically able to do the type of work the education prepared you for.
Overall, your SSD claim outcome results from the complete assessment of your work experience, age, physical ability and level of education.


text:
Parameterized Complexity of Optimal Planning: A Detailed Map / 954
Martin Kronegger, Andreas Pfandler, Reinhard Pichler
The goal of this paper is a systematic parameterized complexity analysis of different variants of propositional STRIPS planning. We identify several natural problem parameters and study all possible combinations of 9 parameters in 6 different settings. These settings arise, for instance, from the distinction if negative effects of actions are allowed or not. We provide a complete picture by establishing for each case either paraNP-hardness (i.e., the parameter combination does not help) or W[t]-completeness with t ∈ 1,2 (i.e., fixed-parameter intractability), or FPT (i.e., fixed-parameter tractability).


text:
The Advisement and Counseling Center is committed to a developmental model of advisement services. We acknowledge that the primary purpose of the advising program is to assist students in the development and implementation of their educational plans. Through regular advisement appointments and the mutual responsibility of the advisor and student, the following goals will be attained:
- The development of suitable educational plans.
- Clarification of career and life goals.
- Selection of appropriate courses and other educational experiences.
- Interpretation of academic requirements for the university.
- Students made aware of all available resources.
- Evaluation of student progress toward their degrees.
- A framework from which to evaluate options and make decisions.
- Insights into the studentís unique skills and abilities.
In return, our department asks for the following:
- To be treated with courtesy and respect
- That the individual take full responsibility for his or her decisions
- That the individual embrace positive interactions with our office
Administration Building room 101
_PHONE_ - FAX: _PHONE_
Director: Gail Pack


Revision as of 19:31, 29 July 2009 by Iskwiki.admin (talk | contribs) (see)
Word: inalboyog
category: musical instrument
1. ethno-linguistic group: Iraya
2. General Physical Description: tune on flute
3. General Playing technique: not mentioned
4. Musical Function: not mentioned
5. Playing circumstance: not mentioned
source of term: Iraya dictionary by Hazel Page collected by Jonas Baes 1984


Venice's food heritage grows from a fusion of land and water
The Venetian lagoon is a place of encounter between water and land, agriculture and commerce, food and culture. The local gastronomy stems from these encounters and the unique environment in which they occur: Fish come from the lagoon and the Adriatic Sea, while vegetables and fruit come from the islands and the coasts. Here are four products from Venice that have been included in the Ark of Taste catalogue because of their special link to the local territory and communities:
Ghiozzo Gò (Grass goby)
This fish thrives in the muddy-bottomed lagoons of the Adriatic basin. It was once considered a food of the poor, but nowadays it plays a role in several popular Venetian dished, including risotto di gò. It is also often fried. Commercial fishing of this species is done sustainable with nets called martevelli and traps called chebe da gò. The grass goby used to be abundant in the Venetian lagoon, but it has declined recently due to environmental change and habitat destruction
Moeche and masanete (green crab)
Crabs, both male and female, become moeche when, at the beginning of fall and spring, they molt, leaving their old shell. Moeche means "soft." After they are caught, the crabs are sorted into boni (those that will molt within the next few weeks), spiantani (those that will molt in a couple of days), and matti (which will not molt). The matti are thrown back into the lagoon, while the boni and spiantani are kept until they molt and then consumed. Masanete, female crabs with their shell, are also a delicacy and are consumed when, by the end of summer, their ovaries are ripe and swollen.
Sant'Erasmo Violet Artichoke
Violet artichokes from Sant'Erasmo, a large island covered in gardens in the northern part of the lagoon, are harvested in April. They are tender, spiny, and elongated, and they resemble roses because of their shape and color. The artichoke plants were traditionally fertilized with scoasse (household waste) or shells, which reduced the acidity of the local soil.
Dorona grape
The name of this rare local white grape variety come from the word oro, for "gold."
It is an old variety from the northern lagoon that was appreciated by nobles and the Doges of Venice. It was thought to have disappeared but was recently recovered.


Wednesday, 1 September, 2010, 19:23 Politics
_PHONE_ genocide in Ukraine was invented by foreign historians, Tabachnyk says
Speaking to Argumenty i fakty v Ukrayini, Education Minister Dmytro Tabachnyk called the _PHONE_ genocide in Ukraine the invention of foreign historians.
"Residents of Ukrainian, Russian, Moldovan, Greek and other villages were dying from starvation. The famine was, to my mind, a political tool to destroy farmers as a social class. However, the famine didn't have any ethnic dimensions," Ukrayinska Pravda quotes the minister as saying Sept. 1.
He admitted that the famine of _PHONE_ and _PHONE_ in the USSR was man-made and was caused by the erroneous decisions by the regime.
"Still, the famine was never a genocide because it afflicted farmers of various nationalities," Tabachnyk said.
 Simultaneously, Tabachnyk did not rule out a UN resolution recognizing the _PHONE_ famine as the genocide of Ukrainians, Russians, Kazakhs and Moldovans.
more news
2017-04-28 09:23:48


text:
Scrabble word: CUTAWAY
In which Scrabble dictionary does CUTAWAY exist?
Definitions of CUTAWAY in dictionaries:
- noun - a representation (drawing or model) of something in which the outside is omitted to reveal the inner parts
- noun - a man's coat cut diagonally from the waist to the back of the knees
- A man's formal daytime coat, with front edges sloping diagonally from the waist and forming tails at the back.
- A brief shot that interrupts the visual continuity of the main action of a film, often to depict related matter or supposedly concurrent action.
- A model or diagram of an object with part of the outer layer removed so as to reveal the interior.
- noun - a type of coat
There are 7 letters in CUTAWAY: A A C T U W Y
Scrabble words that can be created with an extra letter added to CUTAWAY
All anagrams that could be made from letters of word CUTAWAY plus a wildcard: CUTAWAY?
Scrabble words that can be created with letters from word CUTAWAY
Images for CUTAWAY
SCRABBLE is the registered trademark of Hasbro and J.W. Spear & Sons Limited. Our scrabble word finder and scrabble cheat word builder is not associated with the Scrabble brand - we merely provide help for players of the official Scrabble game. All intellectual property rights to the game are owned by respective owners in the U.S.A and Canada and the rest of the world. Anagrammer.com is not affiliated with Scrabble. This site is an educational tool and resource for Scrabble & Words With Friends players.


text:
June is National Safety Month! Learn the tips and best practices on how to stay safe by checking out the following titles!
Safety by Liz Gogerly
This book contains helpful advice about staying safe in today's fast-paced world. Learn about the real concerns to pay attention to at various places: at home, at school and more.
Play it Safe Online by Phyllis Cornwall
Learn how to avoid certain hazzards and dangers online. This book provides tips and advice on how to remain safe online such as not posting certain pictures, how to limit personal information, choosing secure sites and more.
Traffic Safety by Nancy Loewen
Traveling this summer? This book will help you discover common transportation hazards and learn how to avoid or handle them.
Safety at Home by Mary Lee Knowlton
This book provides helpful tips and advice for kids on how to stay safe at home. Learn how to avoid common home-related accidents and injuries by reading this book.
Say No and Go: Stranger Safety by Jill Donahue
Even though your neighborhood might appear safe, dangerous incidents may randomly occur. This book will help you know what they are and how to handle them. Learn how to effectively know your neighbors, watch out for strangers and dealing with people at the doorstep.
For more recommendations, please see a Youth Services Librarian at your library.


Tag Archives: Gun Control
Why Did Jesus Tell His Disciples to Buy Swords?
Why did Jesus command his disciples to buy swords in Luke 22:38?
Now, however," He told them, "the one with a purse should take it, and likewise a bag; and the one without a sword should sell his cloak and buy one. For I tell you that this Scripture must be fulfilled in Me: 'And He was numbered with the transgressors.' For what is written about Me is reaching its fulfillment."
So they said, "Look, Lord, here are two swords."
"That is enough," He answered. (Lk 22:36-38)
A lot of people assume that it was in order to defend themselves, and use this as an argument for warfare and liberal gun laws. But if it's one thing we can be sure of, it is that Jesus definitely didn't intend the swords to be used for self-defense.
Continue reading Why Did Jesus Tell His Disciples to Buy Swords?
The Demonic Factor in Mass Shootings: Exorcism as Gun Control
by William De Arteaga.
The gun control debate
Gun control is regularly debated in the United States, not the least when horrible mass shootings occur in schools, cinemas, and other places. What is lacking in the dispute is a consideration of the spiritual dimensions of gun control. The silence from the pulpit on this issue is especially notable. Perhaps it is because the clergy dislike weighing in on issues that are not specifically defined in scripture and because American Christians often have very different and passionate opinions on this issue.
In this blog let me offer some thoughts on one dimension of the debate that has received little clergy attention: the demonization (obsession or possession) of many of the mass shooters.
Right at the start let me say that talking about the demonic realm for the Christian is both necessary (if one is true to the Gospel) but difficult due to its multifaceted complications. As Christians, we are in a state of constant spiritual warfare against the demonic realm. But as in most wars, there is a "fog of battle" in which our intelligence of and knowledge of the enemy is limited. Some Christian writers claim more than we can know about the demonic, as in the exact order of hierarchy and functions of the "thrones, principalities, powers, etc." Especially difficult is the demarcation between psychological issues, chemical imbalances, etc., and demonic activity in and through a person. Continue reading The Demonic Factor in Mass Shootings: Exorcism as Gun Control


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Avoid arbitrary limits on the length or number of any data structure, including file names, lines, files, and symbols, by allocating all data structures dynamically. In most Unix utilities, "long lines are silently truncated". This is not acceptable in a GNU utility.
Utilities reading files should not drop NUL characters, or any other nonprinting characters including those with codes above 0177. The only sensible exceptions would be utilities specifically intended for interface to certain types of terminals or printers that can't handle those characters. Whenever possible, try to make programs work properly with sequences of bytes that represent multibyte characters; UTF-8 is the most important.
Check every system call for an error return, unless you know you wish
to ignore errors. Include the system error text (from
strerror, or equivalent) in every error message
resulting from a failing system call, as well as the name of the file
if any and the name of the utility. Just "cannot open foo.c" or
"stat failed" is not sufficient.
Check every call to
realloc to see if it
returned zero. Check
realloc even if you are making the block
smaller; in a system that rounds block sizes to a power of 2,
realloc may get a different block if you ask for less space.
realloc can destroy the storage block if it returns
realloc does not have this bug: if it fails, the
original block is unchanged. Feel free to assume the bug is fixed. If
you wish to run your program on Unix, and wish to avoid lossage in this
case, you can use the GNU
You must expect
free to alter the contents of the block that was
freed. Anything you want to fetch from the block, you must fetch before
malloc fails in a noninteractive program, make that a fatal
error. In an interactive program (one that reads commands from the
user), it is better to abort the command and return to the command
reader loop. This allows the user to kill other processes to free up
virtual memory, and then try the command again.
getopt_long to decode arguments, unless the argument syntax
makes this unreasonable.
When static storage is to be written in during program execution, use explicit C code to initialize it. Reserve C initialized declarations for data that will not be changed.
Try to avoid low-level interfaces to obscure Unix data structures (such
as file directories, utmp, or the layout of kernel memory), since these
are less likely to work compatibly. If you need to find all the files
in a directory, use
readdir or some other high-level interface.
These are supported compatibly by GNU.
The preferred signal handling facilities are the BSD variant of
signal, and the POSIX
sigaction function; the
signal interface is an inferior design.
Nowadays, using the POSIX signal functions may be the easiest way
to make a program portable. If you use
signal, then on GNU/Linux
systems running GNU libc version 1, you should include
bsd/signal.h instead of signal.h, so as to get BSD
behavior. It is up to you whether to support systems where
signal has only the USG behavior, or give up on them.
In error checks that detect "impossible" conditions, just abort. There is usually no point in printing any message. These checks indicate the existence of bugs. Whoever wants to fix the bugs will have to read the source code and run a debugger. So explain the problem with comments in the source. The relevant data will be in variables, which are easy to examine with the debugger, so there is no point moving them elsewhere.
Do not use a count of errors as the exit status for a program. That does not work, because exit status values are limited to 8 bits (0 through 255). A single run of the program might have 256 errors; if you try to return 256 as the exit status, the parent process will see 0 as the status, and it will appear that the program succeeded.
If you make temporary files, check the
variable; if that variable is defined, use the specified directory
instead of /tmp.
In addition, be aware that there is a possible security problem when creating temporary files in world-writable directories. In C, you can avoid this problem by creating temporary files in this manner:
fd = open (filename, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_EXCL, 0600);
or by using the
mkstemps function from Gnulib
(see mkstemps in Gnulib).
In bash, use
set -C (long name
noclobber) to avoid this
problem. In addition, the
mktemp utility is a more general
solution for creating temporary files from shell scripts
(see mktemp invocation in GNU Coreutils).


What Is A Conflict Of Interest In Simple Terms?
What is considered a conflict of interest at work?
A conflict of interest in the workplace is when an individual can personally benefit from their professional position.
Rather than making decisions for the betterment of your business, the employee might make decisions based on their own personal gain..
What are some examples of conflict in the workplace?
Misunderstandings, closed-mindedness, and passive-aggressive behavior all contribute to the following workplace conflicts.Interdependence/Task-Based Conflicts. … Leadership Conflicts. … Work Style Conflicts. … Personality-Based Conflicts. … Discrimination. … Creative Idea Conflict.
How do you avoid conflict of interest?
Include preventing or eliminating situations, such as the following: any applicable member of the organization who owns or has a financial interest in a competing company where that individual might be influenced to make a business decision not in the best interest of the organization if he gains financially by …
What are 5 conflict resolution strategies?
What is an example of a conflict of interest?
A conflict of interest involves a person or entity that has two relationships competing with each other for the person's loyalty. For example, the person might have a loyalty to an employer and also loyalty to a family business. Each of these businesses expects the person to have its best interest first.
What is conflict of interest in childcare?
conflict of interest is when there is a real conflict or a potential for you (general you) to be seen as having a bias or lack of impartiality. For example if you are working for a child protection department you may be friends or a family member of one of the people you are asked to investigate.
How do you identify conflict of interest?
Identifying and managing conflicts of interestDevelop a conflict of interest policy.Determine if an interest is a conflict of interest.Appoint an independent chair.Select development group candidates.Disclose interests throughout development.Manage conflicts of interest.Publish declarations of interest in the guideline.
What are some examples of conflicts of interest in healthcare?
What is a personal conflict of interest?
Personal conflict of interest means a situation in which a covered employee has a financial interest, personal activity, or relationship that could impair the employee's ability to act impartially and in the best interest of the Government when performing under the contract.
What is conflict and example?
In literature, conflict is the problem or struggle that the protagonist must face. Often the conflict is between the protagonist and an antagonist. … Examples of Conflict: 1. In Hamlet, Hamlet has a conflict with his uncle, whom he suspects of murdering his father in order to be king.
How do you resolve conflict between coworkers?


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Normally, the owner of a new boat does not need to worry about the on-board electrical distribution system: nowadays it is to be expected that the yard will do a decent job, in line with state-of-the-art technologies and in compliance with European technical standards.
A proper electrical distribution panel aboard Shaula3 (Alubat OVNI 385)
The situation can be totally different in the case of boats built before the coming into force of the European regulation, at a time when a boat's electrical system was supposed to power only the nav-lights and little more, as it has been the case for us with Shaula4:
Other times, other sensibility to the needs of a well-done electrical distribution system: the spaghetti-like wiring behind the panel in Shaula4!
Keeping in mind the good practices seen on Shaula3 and making reference to the european Regulation, with the help of good manuals such as Nigel Calder's excellent "Boatowner's Mechanical and Electrical Manual", we have been able to perform a thorough rebuild of the electrical system.
The instrument panel and the electrical distribution panel on Shaula4 at the end of the refurbishing work
An orderly distribution system, with properly-sized wires and quality switches and breakers, fulfills several objectives:
 - minimize the risk of fire due to over-heating of under-dimensioned wires
 - reduce the risk of malfunction due to oxidised or defective components
 - simplify fault-finding
 - ensure crew protection from electrical shock
 - prevent current leakages through the water and the consequent risk of galvanic currents
 (particularly critical for metal-hulled boats)
We spoke before about battery dimensioning, but not about the choice of battery TYPE, e.g. Lead-Acid, AGM, GEL or other even more exotic ones?
The battery bank on Shaula3: just 4 Lead-Acid-Silver "low-maintenance" batteries
Books have been written about this subject, so there is no point in repeating the whole story here; we debated the subject quite a lot at the time of Shaula3 preparation for long-distance sailing, given the potential for rough sailing there was a point in favour of GEL batteries, much less prone to spilling acid substances in case of capsize. Unfortunately there are also drawbacks, beginning with the very high price and continuing with the need of dedicated charging devices.
In the end, we opted for the simplest solution: common automotive-like "low-maintenance" batteries, cheap and perfectly fitting in the available space. During the circumnavigation one battery failed, possibly as a belated consequence of our capsize in the Caribbean, and we had to wait until Australia to replace it. We had no other problem, and at the end of the voyage the batteries, which had been cycled at least 1000 times, were replaced with a modest expenditure: is it really worth it to go for more complex and expensive solutions?
Rules are clear: both the 220V shore-power feed (and, if present, gensets or inverters) as well as the 12V feed coming from the batteries, must have breakers or fuses capable of interrupting the current flow in case of a short-circuit. It's important that these devices are as close as possible near the power source, but this must be reconciled with the devices' accessibility: a manual switch buried under a bunk would not be very useful in a hurry!!
The rules require a differential breaker within 50cm. from the shore-power socket, and battery cut-off switches as close as possible to the batteries themselves, provided they are easily accessible
Problem is that the cable from the battery terminals to the switch cannot be disconnected in case of a short-circuit, so the ideal would be to put a fuse on the wire, as near the battery as realistically feasible. Even better would be an automatic breaker, which could be restored much more quickly in case of a "nuisance tripping"
Even on a very simple boat, at least a Volt-meter and possibly an Ammeter would be very useful to keep an eye on the batteries' charge status and the speed of charge/recharge; since some years more sophisticated instruments have become common, providing a somewhat more comprehensive picture of each battery bank's charge status, including Amp-hours supplied or received, % of charge, time-to-discharge, and so on. Essential? No, but useful for sure!
Battery management instrument (left) and (Right) an electric-leakage detector
On a metal-hulled boat there is another essential instrument: a detector of electric leakages towards the hull.
Why it is so important? Because if the electrical circuits are in contact with the hull, there may be stray currents flowing through the water, causing electrolythic corrosion! Besides, if the leak concerns the 220V circuits, the hull may become "hot", endangering the crew as well as people swimming near the boat.
Webmaster: Gianfranco Balducci - email: _EMAIL_
Last Update: 07/09/2017


An 1865 kg airplane starts at rest on an airport runway at sea level. (a) What is the change in mechanical energy of the airplane if it climbs to a cruising altitude of 2420 m and maintains a constant speed of 96.5 m/s? (b) What cruising speed would the plane need this altitude if its increase in kinetic energy is to be equal to its increase in potential energy?


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planes are ruled out for other reasons: they would fail if any water leaked into the cylinders. "You cannot immerse a reciprocating engine and expect it to work," he says. But protect a jet engine against saltwater corrosion and position it high on the craft so the spray doesn't enter the intake during take-off and landing, and it will work fine. Russian aircraft maker Beriev has proved this with its Be-200 amphibious plane.
In fact, Hawkes foresees jet engines playing a dual role, propelling the plane through the water as well as through the air. There's no reason why the compressor and turbine blades in a jet engine can't be driven by an electric motor to generate thrust under water, he says. It should be possible to build an engine that runs on kerosene in air and switches to electricity when submerged.
Others are already thinking along these lines. Last year, aircraft manufacturer Airbus patented a hybrid electric jet engine for airliners which can be powered by both conventional kerosene and electricity. Most jet engines have an electric starter motor, and this motor could spin the turbine's shaft under water, Hawkes suggests. The blades would rotate more slowly than normal, he says, and the engine won't be particularly efficient. "But I believe this could work perfectly well."
The Auburn students came up with much the same strategy in their design, opting for a type of gas turbine called a turboshaft to get the best performance. Equipped with large rotor blades and gears to adjust its speed, a turboshaft unit offers "acceptable efficiency" in both air and water, they say. Alternatively the air could be fed to a fuel cell to generate electricity to spin the blades.
But there is one stumbling block to Hawkes's scheme for using a conventional jet engine for propulsion in air and water. "You can't let cold seawater get at a hot engine because the thermal shock will blow it apart," warns engineer Jim McKenna of the UK Civil Aviation Authority, who has previously researched submersible systems. "It takes a long, long time to cool down a jet engine: the turbine runs at somewhere between 500 and 600 °C," he says. In other words, without some innovative thinking, a jet-powered sub might have to wait hours on the surface before its engines are cool enough for it to dive.
Should Hawkes's buoyant design win out, getting it to sink low enough in the water for its wings to start creating downward forces could also be a problem. Hawkes has a dramatic solution: copy what diving birds do. "You might have to put the nose down and literally dive, smack, into the water," he says. Taking inspiration from birds would put submersible-aircraft engineers in illustrious company: 19th-century glider pioneer Otto Lilienthal and the early 20th-century inventors of powered flight, the Wright brothers, are among those who did so - though it's no guarantee of success in this case. Whatever happens, says Hawkes, "it would certainly be spectacular".
New Scientist reports, explores and interprets the results of human endeavour set in the context of society and culture, providing comprehensive coverage of science and technology news.


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In ancient times the cone process was used in India, China, Tibet, Sumeria, Egypt, Atlantis, Lemuria, as well as the Aztec and Mayan cultures and the American Indian cultures. Glazed clay or stone cones were used with a double helix carved inside to create a spiral energy flow carrying herbs or incense into the ear canal, which is a spiral itself. This created a counter clockwise spiral energy by the vacuum action of the cone.
In modern times the Spaniards in South America, and Indians such as the Cherokee, Yaqui and the Mexican Indians still use ear coning as a healing modality. Material variations such as rolled up newspapers are used for ear infections in South America, while waxed, shaped newspaper with a plug of incense two thirds of the way down is used by Mexican Indians. Straw shaped cloth and wax cones are used in Europe. The Amish utilize the Cherokee style, as we do. The Choctaw simply blow smoke of herbs in the ear canal as medicine.
Coning (candling) has traditionally been used to clear earaches, dizziness and ringing in the ears (tinnitus). It is also a powerful auric cleanser, which makes other bodywork more effective.
* helps sinuses clear
* helps drain lymph glands
* vacuums nerve endings in ear canal
* vacuums out the Eustachian tube
To prevent contaminants from entering the ear canal, our cones are made of strips of unbleached 100% cotton dipped into a mixture of beeswax (instead of paraffin, which is a petroleum by-product) and herbs in the form of extracts, oils, or essences.
Extracts are used by contemporary cone-makers because many people are allergic to molds in dried herbs. The strips are rolled spirally, dipped and left to harden upside down. The cones are then scraped, trimmed and plastic wrapped as pairs with 2 skewers and instructions.
When coning, the cone is lit on the wide end, the narrow end is then gently placed into the ear and burned to send a spiral of herbal smoke into the ear canal. This process is also called Ear Cleansing with herbs, Ear Candling or Auricular Candling in Europe, Canada and America. German medical students are taught Ear Candling as a remedy.
One of the conditions that make for mold allergy is an over production of the yeast Candida. Candida in the ear causes itching inside the ear.
When the nerve endings are blocked from picking up stimulus by either fungus or yeast growth, vibrational energy frequencies cannot be transmitted through the nerve endings. Yeast and fungus and the more common worms can be considered parasites and it is important to take care of these parasites by diet change, and homeopathic or herbal remedies. "Swimmers Ear" available in drugstores, prevents fungus growth.
The Way Coning works: The spiral of the cone draws out debris. Smoke goes into the ear. Picture a chimney with its' fire and oxygen dynamics. A draw is created. Debris is osmotically drawn through the eardrum into the cone. In the outer ear canal excess hardened wax plugs may also be drawn out. It creates a reverse osmotic pressure that equalizes the Eustachian tube pressure. Candling is very soothing, relaxing and non-invasive. At no point does the tip of the cone in the ear get hot to the touch. Heat is not a factor.
How often: This is a healing process. We suggest three conings, three to seven days apart. This allows the process to complete a cycle of clearing accumulated debris. After that, groupings of three until you have completed your process. Normal earwax replenishes itself within 24 hours. Thereafter, the ear can be coned every six months. Muscle testing (kinesiology) or pendulum can be used to determine how many conings are needed and when you have completed your process.
Physically: This starts a cleansing process, which is normal. You may feel increased pressure in the ears, fluid in the ears, movement or inflammation of the lymphatic system. Your body is clearing. Allow it! Cranial fluids are being realigned. You may feel improvements in sight, color perception and balance. This is due to subtle changes in energy flow. (If the pressure reaches a point of distracting discomfort, a follow-up coning should be done as soon as possible, as a strong movement has begun which needs completion.) Drink lots of water.
Misalignments of occipital lobes, which lie underneath the base of the skull, become pulled down from beneath the skull, as a result of stresses. The flow of cerebral fluid in the brain will become impaired, causing congestion in the ears, sinus cavity and neck tension, even moving to the shoulders. When coning, ongoing adjustment of the occipitals is recommended by chiropractic, though not absolutely necessary.
Please visit our site for more information: _URL_.


By Lyn Achieng'
"When you're running an office, the most valuable asset is the people working in it. Your employees are the main factor your business and its subsequent earnings, "said Mia Middleditch.
Here are some ways that people can improve their health at the office;
 1. Planning a balanced diet at the office.
Encouraging healthy eating in the office by making decisions about what to eat, considering the nutrition content of foods.
There are many ways of meeting your nutritional needs, no matter what your preferences are with little imagination, you can have a variety of well-balanced meals and snacks.
 2. Have a water available at the office.
Drinking water has a wider range of benefit. Nevertheless, water is essential for all life processes, including energy production. Thus, water helps to regulate body temperature.
Every day, each and everyone needs at least 8cups(2litres) of water. And when the body losses a lot of water, you need to be careful to increase your water intake to prevent dehydration.
In addition, having water available at the office can help in many ways. Mostly the employee to be more active and performing duties effectively.
 3. keeping hygiene clean.
All living things depends on the environment and people realize how important the environment is. At the office, employees tend to move from one desk to another with the obvious risk of germs and bacteria. By providing a disinfectant at the office, you can help improve the health of one another.


Herr Meets Hare
Herr Meets Hare is a cartoon parody of Reihe Merry Melodies of the year 1945. The series narrates the adventures of the famous American rabbit, Bugs Bunny, with the Nazi leader Hermann Göring. It is considered one of the best known propaganda productions of cartoons of the Second World War.
Date of the episodes
In 1944 director Friz Freleng produced Herr Meets Hare, a series of short films that created the Warner Brothers Studios and that arrived at the American cinemas in January of 1945.
The plot of the chapters, seven minutes, refers to the script of Michael Maltese. The music was composed by Carl W. Stalling, while the artist Mel Blanc puts the voice to brilliant figures like Bugs Bunny, Goering and Hitler.
In the first chapter, "Reichsmarschall" of Hitler, Hermann Goering prepares to hunt in the Black Forest to distract from the oppressive war situation. There he meets Bugs Bunny, who tries to reach Las Vegas via an underground tunnel. Suddenly, it comes to the surface and realizes that, by mistake, it is in Germany. Bugs Bunny ridicules him disguised as Hitler.
Göring, faithful to his diligent position, tries to hunt him armed with musket and backed by his dog hound. Finally, he manages to catch Bugs Bunny and gives it to Hitler. Hitler opens the sack in which is Bugs Bunny, this one rises disguised of Josef Stalin with a beard and a pipe. Göring and Hitler set foot in the dust while Bugs Bunny says goodbye to the spectators.
Like most other wartime American cartoons, Herr meets Hare's purpose is to constantly ridicule the National Socialist regime, its officials, ideas and customs. The mockery of "German militarism" is present at all times. From the beginning, Göring was presented as a "false Hermann Göring": he was seen as a hunter with a military gait that walked and ordered again and again in his clothes adorned with medals. German stereotypes are reflected as their characteristic form of English speaking (pronunciation, how to use words together, etc.), typical clothing (leather pants) as well as the Nazi view of German culture as an object of worship. Bugs Bunny appears in an anarchical musical interlude disguised of the " Song of the Nibelungs " (in relation to the opera of Wagner "Ring of nibelungo") leaving Göring enraptured. Göring disguises Siegfried and they begin to dance a melody to the rhythm of the pathetic tones of the Wagnerian interpretation of nibelungo.
Reception and repercussions
Herr meets Hare was one of the last propaganda cartoons to be broadcast before the collapse of Nazi Germany.
Since his film debut, has been part of the company Time Warner ( AOL ) and for reasons of company policy was kept a secret. In 2007, Dom AOL banned its rebroadcast on the Cartoon Network television channel. They considered them unacceptable because they would divert attention from the atrocities of the regime, since it would be to move the Third Reich into the realm of humor.


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Dinosaurs in California
Dinosaurs in California
Very few dinosaur fossils
have been found in California. Why?
Becuase during the time when dinosaurs lived, most of California was covered
by the ocean, and any sediments that accumulated in the areas that were dry
land have since eroded away. Why do we find dinosaur fossils in areas that
were ocean? They may have drowned in a river and been carried out to sea
by currents, as happens sometimes to large mammals today. We know that the
dinosaur skeletons were deposited in the ocean because we find shells of
marine animals where they grew on the dinosaur bones as well as in the
Dinosaur Bones : On the left, you can compare the size of a hadrosaur
femur (thigh bone) with the paleontologist who found it. On the right, a
Nodosaurus tibia (shin) that later became a home for oysters when the
bone was washed out to sea.
Hadrosaurs from California
(duck-billed dinosaurs) were common large herbivorous dinosaurs
that lived near the end of the Cretaceous, at the same time as
Triceratops and Tyrannosaurus. Most of the dinosaur fossils
found in California are isolated bones of hadrosaurs, which can be identified
by their distinctive arrangement of knobs and muscle attachment scars.
In 1987, part of the skeleton of a type of armored dinosaur called a
nodosaur was found in an excavation near Carlsbad. This was the first of
this type of dinosaur found west of the Rocky Mountains, and provided
important evidence about connections between the west coast and the interior
of the United States. The nodosaur is very similar to species known from
Wyoming and Kansas, which supports the idea that dinosaurs on the west coast
were part of a cosmopolitan fauna rather than a unique regional group.
Dinosaur Armor : On the left, a portion of the sacral (hip) armor
from a nodosaur found in the Pt. Loma Formation of California. On the
right is a single large platelike scute, also from a nodosaur's armor.
Oysters grew on dinosaur skeletons
This armored dinosaur skeleton found in Carlsbad, California, had shells of
oysters and rock scallops attached to the bones, in addition to many shells
of marine animals in the surrounding rock. (See the picture near
the top of this page.) Why were there shells on the bones?
Oysters need a solid surface to attach to and live on. On a soft, muddy
seafloor, hard surfaces are scarce, and large bones that stick up out of the
mud may be the only place for oysters to live. During the Cretaceous,
dinosaur bones on the seafloor provided a home for oysters and other animals
that needed a solid foundation to grow on.


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Vladimir Pavlovic and Thomas S. Huang
The surge of interest in multimedia and multimodal interfaces has prompted the need for novel estimation, prediction, and classification techniques for data from different but coupled modalities. Unimodal techniques ported to this domain have only exhibited limited success. We propose a new framework for feature estimation, prediction, and classification based on multimodal knowledge-constrained hidden Markov models (HMMs). The classical role of HMMs as statistical classifiers is enhanced by their new role as multimodal feature predictors. Moreover, by fusing the multimodal formulation with higher level knowledge we allow the influence of such knowledge to be reflected in feature prediction and tracking as well as in feature classification.


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Activists are trying to get Louisiana State University (LSU) to change its tiger mascot, claiming that the tiger is "the most prevalent Confederate symbol in the United States."
According to a change.org petition, "Change the Racist Mascot of LSU!", it is "incredibly insulting" for black students to attend an institution with a tiger mascot.
"It is already hard enough to be black at LSU, and these symbols must be changed," the petition says. "We must speak truth to power, and continue to march toward justice. That day is coming, the day when every symbol of white oppression is torn down."
The Daily Caller reports:
LSU coined its tiger mascot in 1895, deriving it from the name used by Louisiana's infantry in the Civil War. The school claimed that these troops were "known for their hard fighting." The petition author, however, asserts that the Civil War infantry treated slaves violently and uses this argument as justification to change the mascot.
"It's also cruel to cage a wild animal for the amusement of privileged white people," the anonymous author says. "They've never been in a cage!"
The petition currently has over 400 signatures.


Project public preposition
barking dog
Status not yet realized
Place People's House, Bucharest /RO
Technique Fences, spotlights, doghouse, 2 dogs in exchange, performance
Thanks Michaela Dedeoglu, Evelin Hust, Beate Köhler,
Oana Lapadatu, Mihai Oroveanu
Montage Archive Mischa Kuball, Düsseldorf /DE
barking dog, Bucharest (not realized)
For no other creature is territorial behavior so pronounced as it is for dogs. It is based on the instinct to take possession of a territory, to mark it and to defend it. Directly in front of the Palace of the Parliament in Bucharest the leashed or enclosed animal would be an appellative symbol of a lost terrain, of the seizure and appropriation of public space for dictatorial and propaganda purposes by the then president Nicolae Ceausescu. In the process of constructing the palace in 1984, which included extensive plazas and boulevards, around 40,000 homes and countless churches and synagogues were torn down, and evictions were carried out in parts of the old city in the 1970s. The site of the former "People's House" would be temporarily occupied by the visibly "domesticated" dog, who thus symbolically reclaims the environment and living space of the citizens. (JO)


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With cutting edge facilities, specialist knowledge and world-leading and internationally excellent expertise, we aim to develop research outputs that have a tangible impact on society across the globe.Visit our Research Portal
UWS's research vision is to deliver transformational change through outputs that have a tangible, early and positive impact on society across the globe.
While our work covers an enormous breadth of interests, our activities fall into three key strategic themes:
Across these themes, the majority of our activities fall into multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary collaborations across a number of research areas.
We fully support and are committed to our researchers' ongoing development and of delivering doctoral research opportunities across all disciplines all under the umbrella of applied, transformative, and ethical research.Discover our Research Themes
Explore more about UWS research activities, impact, strategic themes, multi-disciplinary and interdisciplinary areas, and environment.
PURE is the University's research information management system and provides a single source of research information for UWS. It is used to record and manage research activity with details of research outputs, funding applications, conference contributions, external impact and staff profiles.


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May 31, 2021
Astronomy Cast Ep. 607: InSight and Earthquakes
by Fraser Cain & Dr. Pamela Gay
Mars is cold and dead today, but the massive volcanoes tell us what the planet used to be like, millions and even billions of years ago. But how volcanically active is the planet today? That's what NASA's Mars InSight lander is there to figure out.


Welcome to the United Nations
Science, technology, innovation and capacity-building
In a major expansion of the Monterrey Consensus, the Addis Ababa Action Agenda stresses the importance of science, technology and innovation (STI) for economic growth and sustainable development and highlights the need for capacity building. The Addis Agenda notes with concern the uneven innovative capacity, connectivity and access to technology that exists within and between countries. Thus, commitments in this area aim to address these inequities, incentivize research and innovation for sustainable development and promote greater access to technologies through domestic policy and international cooperation (see Addis Ababa Action Area monitoring by topic below).
Addis Ababa Action Agenda monitoring by topic


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News & Events
- Free ONLINE course for teachers in Newtonian Mechanics from MIT
This Summer Mechanics Course is offered on the MIT-Harvard edX.org platform for teachers who want to increase their appreciation of Mechanics, their problem-solving ability, or who might consider using our pedagogy, automatically graded homework, and hundreds of other free online resources in their class. Those who only want to browse are also welcome.
This course targets physics teachers. There is a special discussion forum on how to teach this material, Massachusetts teachers can receive Professional Development Points, and all teachers can receive Continuing Education Units from the American Association of Physics Teachers at ½ of their usual rate. Instructors are encouraged to share this announcement with their colleagues and to suggest this course to accomplished students whom they think would enjoy or benefit from a more mature overview of mechanics and problem solving. Register: _URL_ (the course is 8.MRev)More Information: _URL_ or Rel
- published by David Pritchard on May 16, 2013
- The Physics of Water in Trees
- The physics of water in trees is so much more complicated than one would expect. Derek Muller's videos and this article use simple puzzles to help you to better understand some of mechanisms for water flow in trees.
- published by Science for All on May 13, 2013
- Counting cracks in glass gives speed of projectile
- Simple relationship between velocity and number of spokes in star-shaped fracture
- published by Science News on May 8, 2013
Jul 28, 2012 - Aug 01, 2012
in Philadelphia, PA
American Association of Physics Teaching event
SM12 Theme - Physics: The Experimental Core -
The AAPT 2012 Summer meeting will take place in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, home of the first great American experimental physicist, Ben Franklin. Physics is an experimental science. Encouraging and empowering the next generation to embrace the art of experimentation that lies at the core of physics, will ensure that our field remains vibrant and alive.
Mar 30, 2012 - Jun 15, 2012
in Gainesville, Florida
University of Florida Center for Precollegiate Education and Training event
Week-long summer camp will immerse rising 10th graders in engineering, physics, and geology. Kids live in a college dorm, interact with scientists, and conduct investigations in biomedical, environmental, & forensic science. $650 fee
Mar 01, 2012 - May 22, 2012
Students are encouraged to enroll in a free, online Mechanics course hosted by the RELATE group from MIT. The course runs March 1 through May 22.
Sep 14, 2011 - Sep 17, 2011
Workshop introduction to the ComPADRE resource collection.


Dissertation/Thesis Abstract
Exploring Data Compression and Random-access Reduction to Mitigate the Bandwidth Wall for Manycore Architectures
by Nguyen, Tri Minh, Ph.D., Princeton University, 2018, 220; _PHONE_
Abstract (Summary)
The performance gap between computer processors and memory bandwidth is severely limiting the throughput of modern and future multi-core and manycore architectures. To handle this growing gap, commercial processors such as the Intel Xeon Phi and NVIDIA or AMD GPUs have needed to use expensive memory solutions like high-bandwidth memory (HBM) and 3D-stacked memory to satisfy the bandwidth demand of the growing core-count over each product generation. Without a scalable solution for the memory bandwidth issue, throughput-oriented computation cannot be improved. This problem is widely known as the bandwidth-wall.
Data compression and random-access reduction are promising approaches to increase bandwidth without raising costs. This thesis makes three specific contributions to the state-of-the-art. First, to reduce cache misses, we propose an on-chip cache compression method that drastically increases compression performance and cache hit rate over prior work. Second, to improve direct compression of off-chip bandwidth and make it more scalable, we propose a novel link compression framework that exploits the on-chip caches themselves as a massive and scalable compression dictionary. Last, to overcome poor random-access performance of nonvolatile memory (NVM) and make it more attractive as a DRAM replacement with crash consistency, we propose a multi-undo logging scheme that seamlessly logs memory writes sequentially to maximize NVM I/O operations per second (IOPS).
As a common principle, this thesis seeks to overcome the bandwidth wall for manycore architectures not through expensive memory technologies but by assessing and exploiting workload behavior, and not through burdening programmers with specialized semantics but by implementing software-transparent architectural improvements.
Indexing (document details)
Advisor: Wentzlaff, David
Commitee: Jha, Niraj, Lee, Ruby, Li, Kai, Mittal, Prateek
School: Princeton University
Department: Electrical Engineering
School Location: United States -- New Jersey
Subjects: Computer Engineering
Keywords: Data compression, computer processors, memory bandwidth, random-access reduction
Publication Number: _PHONE_
ISBN: 978-0-438-53621-0


text:
Date of this Version
Wolbachia pipientis is a bacterial endosymbiont associated with arthropods and filarial nematodes. In filarial nematodes, W. pipientis has been shown to play an important role in the biology of the host and in the immuno-pathology of filariasis. Several species of filariae, including the most important parasites of humans and animals (e.g. Onchocerca volvulus, Wuchereria bancrofti and Dirofilaria immitis) have been shown to harbor these bacteria. Other filarial species, including an important rodent species (Acanthocheilonema viteae), which has been used as a model for the study of filariasis, do not appear to harbor these symbionts. There are still several open questions about the distribution of W. pipientis in filarial nematodes. Firstly the number of species examined is still limited. Secondly, it is not clear whether the absence of W. pipientis in negative species could represent an ancestral characteristic or the result of a secondary loss. Thirdly, several aspects of the phylogeny of filarial nematodes are still unclear and it is thus difficult to overlay the presence/absence of W. pipientis on a tree representing filarial evolution. Here we present the results of a PCR screening for W. pipientis in 16 species of filariae and related nematodes, representing different families/subfamilies. Evidence for the presence of W. pipientis is reported for five species examined for the first time (representing the genera Litomosoides, Litomosa and Dipetalonema); original results on the absence of this bacterium are reported for nine species; for the remaining two species, we have confirmed the absence of W. pipientis recently reported by other authors. In the positive species, the infecting W. pipientis bacteria have been identified through 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis. In addition to the screening for W. pipientis in 16 species, we have generated phylogenetic reconstructions based on mitochondrial gene sequences (12S rDNA; COI), including a total of 28 filarial species and related spirurid nematodes. The mapping of the presence/absence of W. pipientis on the trees generated indicates that these bacteria have possibly been lost during evolution along some lineages of filarial nematodes.


An ad promoting a trip to Glacier National Park
New technology, old religion and the freedom of information coalesce around the Oscar-nominated documentary "Burma VJ," which is still knocking about theaters after an HBO run.
The "VJ" in the title refers to "video journalism" or "video journalists," which is a contemporary term for a contemporary demand: Our chroniclers are armed with video cameras and editing software, not just – or instead of – pen and paper.
"Burma VJ" focuses on the 2007 citizen uprising against Burma's military regime that has been in place for 40 years. Prior to the unrest in August and September 2007, the last challenges to power had been in 1988 – when student-led demonstrations led to military reprisals killing 3,000 people.
The engaging film represents a unique partnership between the Burma VJs – who work for the exiled TV station Democratic Voice of Burma – and Anders Ostergaard, a Danish journalist-turned-filmmaker. Ostergaard and his team essentially compiled a documentary arranged around the VJs' handicam footage of the 2007 protests that led to violence as before.
An opening title card says: "This film is comprised largely of material shot by undercover reporters in Burma. Some elements of the film have been reconstructed in close co-operation with the actual persons involved, just as some names, places and other recognizable facts have been altered for security reasons and in order to protect individuals."
So up front we're told that "Burma VJ" mixes on-the-ground footage with re-enactments. The reconstructed scenes largely involve "Joshua," a VJ for the DVB who wound up coordinating reporting operations from a safe-house in Thailand.
The story is told from his point of view to the extent that we never really see Joshua. We see and hear who he talks to, and we see, along with him, the footage that makes it back to his desk and computer.
Joshua also narrates the film, giving us the necessary background, expressing the fear and frustration that goes along with acquiring information on penalty of, in some cases, death.
It's a dangerous cycle of stealth videography, smuggled videotapes, uploaded video packages and brief broadcasts around the world about what's happening in Burma.
The footage is raw, but so are the protests that swell when the country's Buddhist monks join the cause. We're told that there are 400,000 monks in Burma. They're the only group that can make military commanders think twice, but they're also a group that's not supposed to do anything "political."
But the monks protest the regime, taking to the streets and shouting for freedom from fear, distress and poverty. Is that a religious demand or a political one?
As the demonstrations grow, so does the tension. People control the streets, which is a recipe across time and space for a military show of power. Footage from a September march plays out like something from Selma in 1965. A column marches and halts. Words are spoken. Force is brought to bear. Tear gas flies. Chaos ensues.
Monasteries become targets, and a movement stumbles, at least temporarily.
But the monks aren't the only ones to protest. Students join them, and near the documentary's end we're reminded of why documentary is so intimate. As students flee a demonstration gone bad, we huddle with them – and the VJ who stuck around.
"Those who are not afraid to die, come to the front," says one student demonstrator in a press of young, confused faces.
"Let's pray to conquer our fear of death," says another.
That proximity to death gives this documentary part of its life. It's also animated by a vigorous appreciation for our First Amendment.
Near the beginning of the film, Joshua says: "I feel I want to fight for democracy. But I think we had better make a longer plan." He was referring to the 1988 demonstrations that turned deadly and the inadequacy, as he saw it, of a plan that only involved getting killed en masse.
"I feel the world is forgetting about us," Joshua continues. "That's why I decided to become a video reporter." As Joshua sees it, a better plan involves information.
And that's only as good as the minds that choose to know it.
Cliff Vaughn is managing editor and media producer for
The movie's Web site is here.
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CST RESP Questions
The Best Future For Your Child: Education Savings Simplified
For parents of small children, it can be hard to imagine their child as a grown-up ready to embark on college or university. When you take into consideration the amount of money it takes to fund an education, 18 years is not a whole lot of time. The journey to your child's education is one that can seem overwhelming. As the cost of tuition continues to increase, it is never too soon to set money aside or begin the planning process.
As the distributor and investment manager of the Canadian Scholarship Trust Plans, CST Consultants Inc. (CST) focuses solely on education savings plans – it's all we are about, and all that we do. It is through the distribution of RESPs that we strive to enable all Canadian children to have the financial resources to pursue post-secondary education. As a savings vehicle for post-secondary education, the benefits of an RESP are important to your child's future education.
There is nothing more important than knowledge and having the facts when deciding on your child's educational future and how to afford it. We are here to guide you on that journey. This page is designed to answer some common questions about our RESPs, so that families can make truly informed financial decisions.
If you have additional questions about CST RESPs, feel free to reach out to a CST Sales Representative and they will be more than happy to provide assistance.
Q: What is an RESP?
A: A Registered Education Savings Plan or RESP is a savings vehicle that allows subscribers, such as parents, grandparents, friends and other relatives, to save for a child or other beneficiary's post-secondary education.
Q: Why open an RESP?
A: An RESP is a way to proactively save money towards your child's education, so that when they're ready to begin their post-secondary education, you'll be ready to help pay for it. RESPs have an additional feature that makes them unique from other registered accounts and investment portfolios in the form of government grants.
Q: How much will post-secondary education cost?
A: The actual cost that students pay depends on their program of study and which school they attend. On average, tuition for university undergraduate programs for Canadian full-time students was $6,838 in 2018/2019, up 3.3% from the previous academic year. The average cost for graduate programs was $7,086, a 2.4% increase over 2017/2018.
Q: What is the minimum amount I need to open an RESP from CST Consultants?
A: The minimum amount you need to invest in a Group Savings Plan 2001 RESP from CST is the greater of $9.50 per month or one-tenth of a unit. This low contribution level is one of the key advantages of our Group Savings Plan 2001. If you enroll in a Family Savings Plan or Individual Savings Plan, the minimum initial contribution is $150. If your child is receiving the Canada Learning Bond, the minimum initial contribution for the Family Savings Plan and Individual Savings Plan will be waived.
Q: What are the tax advantages of an RESP?
A: An RESP offers several tax advantages. The investment income earned on your principal (contributions net of sales charges and fees) grows tax-free within the plan. The contributions you make attract government grants within the plan and the income earned on grants also grows tax-free. Payments from the plan are taxable in your child's name, and since they are collecting these payments when they are students and tend to have little or no annual income, little or no tax is payable.
A: No. Students have the option to take a year off or switch programs and schools and can still receive payments from their RESP. Students can receive up to four payments from the CST Group Savings Plan 2001 for a qualified full-time or part-time post-secondary education as long as they finish them by the 36th year of the plan.
A: The government is always evaluating new schools and programs – eligible institutions can range from community colleges and universities to vocational, technical, trade and religious schools. Canadian programs that are 3 weeks or more are also eligible, in addition to distance learning and correspondence courses.
Q: What kind of customer service can I expect from CST Consultants?
A: We are committed to fast, reliable and efficient customer service. You will have access to our customer care department (phone, email and live chat) and a Sales Representative is available to help you. Information about your account is available online any time on our secure CST Self-Serve Website. We'll send you a detailed statement of all the activity in your plan once a year.
Q: How can I maximize my child's RESP?
A: On birthdays, special milestones or holidays, consider asking family and friends to contribute money to an RESP as a gift. This is a great way to add to your savings and get more out of available government grants. Consider maximizing your child's RESP by contributing up to the allotted $2,500 per year.
Q: How will CST Consultants efficiently manage my child's RESP?
A: This is our area of expertise, so you'll have access to knowledgeable professionals and reliable savings strategies throughout the lifetime of your investment. CST portfolio managers help clients save for their children's post-secondary education through conservative, long-term investments. Our disciplined savings approach balances the need for income with principal protection and safety from excess market volatility. Your RESP principal and grants are invested in stable and secure fixed-income government and financial institution bonds. The principal will be returned to you at maturity.
Q: Can an RESP be used for living expenses during post-secondary education?
A: Yes. RESP money can be used for much more than tuition, books, and residence. Money can be used to purchase a meal plan or to pay for transportation to the school. Even costs like athletic or student activity fees would qualify.
Canadian Scholarship Trust Plan is only sold by Prospectus. Investors should read the Prospectus before making an investment decision because it includes important detailed information. You can get copies of the Prospectus from _URL_ or by calling 1.877.333.RESP(7377).


text:
Feb. 2, 2009 A novel technology for synthsising chemicals from plant material could produce liquid fuel for just over €0.50 a litre, $2.49US a gallon say German scientists. But only if the infrastructure is set up in the right way, states the research published in this month's issue of Biofuels, Bioproducts & Biorefining.
Developed by scientists at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), this novel technology is known as bioliq, and is able to produce a range of different types of liquid fuel and chemicals from plant material such as wood and straw.
Bioliq involves first heating the plant material in the absence of air to around 500°C, a process known as pyrolysis. This produces a thick oily liquid containing solid particles of coke termed biosyncrude.
The biosyncrude is then vaporised by exposing it to a stream of oxygen gas, before being heated at high pressures to a temperature of around 1400°C. Known as gasification, this process transforms the liquid biosyncrude into a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen termed syngas.
After any impurities are removed from this syngas, it can be catalytically converted into a range of different chemicals and fuels, including methanol, hydrogen and a synthetic version of diesel. This stage of the technology is fairly well developed, as syngas derived from coal and natural gas is already used to produce liquid fuels on a commercial scale in South Africa.
Bioliq is now taking its first steps towards commercialisation. In conjunction with the German process engineering company Lurgi, KIT is starting to construct a pilot plant based on the bioliq technology, which should be fully completed in 2012. Providing the technology works at this scale, the question then will be how best to implement bioliq at a larger scale, so that it can effectively compete with fossil fuels.
To try to come up with an answer, a team of KIT scientists led by Nicolaus Dahmen has used a simple economic model to calculate the cost of producing fuel at a bioliq plant with an annual production capacity of around 1 million tonnes. This is around a tenth of the size of a modern oil refinery, but is a similar size to refineries that produce liquid fuel from oil and gas.
Dahmen and his colleagues quickly realised that incorporating both the pyrolysis and gasification steps at this central plant wouldn't work, because of the problems and expense involved in transporting sufficient quantities of bulky straw and wood to the plant. They estimated that if sufficient plant material was transported on trucks, it would quickly bring the road network around the plant to a halt.
So they came up with an alternative set-up. "Biomass is pre-treated in around 50 regionally distributed pyrolysis plants to produce the biosyncrude," explains Dahmen. "This can then be transported economically over long distances to supply a central fuel production plant with a high capacity."
The advantage of this set-up is that it is much cheaper and more convenient to transport liquid biosyncrude than bulky wood and straw. This is especially the case if the biosyncrude is transported by rail, which is the most cost effective way to transport material over long distances.
So Dahmen and his colleagues produced an economic model based on this set-up, which suggests that the bioliq technology can potentially produce liquid fuels for €0.56–1.04 a litre. This would still make the fuel more expensive than conventional petrol or diesel, but this difference could be greatly reduced if different levels of tax were applied to the fuels.
Other social bookmarking and sharing tools:
- Henrich et al. Cost estimate for biosynfuel production via biosyncrude gasification. Biofuels Bioproducts and Biorefining, 2009; 3 (1): 28 DOI: 10.1002/bbb.126
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.


text:
Under Jakob's Ladder: The Story
CubeCity Entertainment Inc., A Moon Brothers Film, 97 minutes, 2012, DVD.
The film is set in the Soviet Union prior to World War II. It features the lives of the ethnic minority Germans from Russia.
Under Jakob's Ladder is based on a true story and was inspired by the life of a real teacher who lived in the Soviet Union in the 1930s: Jakob Seel. His life story is representative of so many others who lived during Stalinist great purges. He belonged to an ethnic minority called the Germans from Russia.
During the 18th century, Seel's German-speaking ancestors were among those invited by Catherine the Great (and her son Paul and grandson Alexander who ruled after her) to settle the Russian territories. Communist rule was established as a result of the 1917 Russian Revolution, and Joseph Stalin came to power in the late 1920s. In the 1930s, Stalin began his political purges. The secret police would always come at night in a vehicle that was nicknamed the Black Raven. Men became scarce in the villages and it wasn't long before Seel himself was arrested—after praying a simple prayer at a funeral.
Under Jakob's Ladder is the story of a vendetta that began because of a game of chess. It all started when a country teacher named Jakob Seel (played by Jeff Stewart) defeats a Russian grandmaster. The grandmaster's young son, Nikolai, secretly vows to take revenge on the teacher.
Twenty years pass by. Unaware of the vendetta, Jakob is now 60 years old. With the Soviet regime solidly in place, Jakob has been dismissed from his teaching position in the community. Jakob struggles with his growing sense of worthlessness. So, when a neighbor asks him to publicly speak at the funeral of her brother, he agrees, even though he knows the government forbids it.
Later that night comes the ominous knock on the door. Jakob has been reported. The secret police take him from his home and his beloved granddaughter, Marta.
Thrown into a Soviet detention camp, Jakob finds himself under the heel of the ruthless warden: Nikolai (Christopher Elliott). While Jakob is unaware of Nikolai's identity as the grandmaster's son, little by little, Jakob begins to put the clues together. The prisoners are forced to play chess with the warden. If they win, he promises to free them. But if they lose, they face torture. And Nikolai always wins.
Suddenly, during the night, some of the prisoners mysteriously disappear. The prisoners turn to Jakob for help. Jakob sends a message, offering to play a game of chess with Nikolai. But Nikolai has one more trick up his sleeve...
Under Jakob's Ladder
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