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This issue focuses on motivation, which was also the theme of an NVL conference arranged in cooperation with the Nordic Council of Ministers on 3–4 June in Copenhagen. Motivation forms an important basis for most of our actions. What motivates adults to engage in lifelong learning? Most adults lacking in study motivation have traumatic experiences of school and education, and the last thing they want to do is return to school. But, as surely as autumn turns to winter and winter turns to spring, there are many elements, initiatives and, last but not least, support and guidance available for those who need a spark to participate actively in lifelong learning.
In Denmark, the government has embarked on a series of financial cutbacks. DialogWeb has interviewed Hanne Pontoppidan, president of the Danish Union of Education, who underscores the importance of maintaining a broad perspective in adult education despite tough economic times. The Faroese article takes up the need for a comprehensive collaboration, led by the public sector and with active participation by the employer and employee organisations. However, the initiative must come from the authorities, Vigdis Johannesen says. Goodwill and a desire for a solution alone are not enough if no action is taken.
Reaching out to new target groups is a challenge, says Andres Pung in the Estonian article. In Estonia, various initiatives have been financed by grants from the European Social Fund.
The importance of teachers' role in learning motivation is seldom emphasized strongly enough. In Turku, 44-old Gerd Jäntti is attending evening school and plans to complete the upper secondary school final examination. The Finnish article relates her comments about the role of the teachers, how well they respond to the students' needs, and how encouraging and inspiring they are because they believe in their students and in themselves. The Swedish article describes "Lärarlyftet", a government initiative designed to improve the quality of teaching. Many teachers appreciate this initiative because they feel that the teacher's role is often thankless and demanding.
In Iceland, adults with work experience have for some years had a chance to to have their competence assessed. Magnús Þór is one of the ones who have accepted this opportunity, which gave him improved self-confidence and enough courage to return to school. In addition, the article descbribes the results of research conducted by Auður Sigurðardóttir for her Master's thesis at the University of Iceland.
This month's Norwegian contribution takes up the issue of including the scientific perspective in the motivation debate. It's not just about the environment, biology is important, too! This is the message conveyed by Hanne Finstad, Dr. philos and leader of Forskerfabrikken. Two other Norwegians interviewed in this issue, Morten Flåte Paulsen and Kathrine Fournaros, talk about how students can help and motivate other students.
Erik Hemming gets in the last word in an interview from the Åland islands. Erik was asked to explain his ideas and philosophy regarding foreign language teaching. In his opinion, teaching and learning a foreign language is all about pointing, talking, asking and explaining, whether at home or on the town. – Just start talking and you will learn little by little.
For now, all you have to do is start reading! Enjoy!
Link to the Conference report
Motivate me _URL_


Quotes from Grobel's The Art of the Interview
Interviewing is the art of capturing and shaping smoke; it's holding up a mirror and hoping you'll get a true image and not discover you're talking to a vampire who shows no reflection. [p360]
Grobel's interviews have primarily been for print: magazines. In his final chapter, he interviews himself (with some amusing repartee!). But this exchange gets at the heart of what someone who wants to interview family can get from his book, besides the fascinating celebrity anecdotes:
Q: A Lot of the anecdotes deal with celebrities, but most people who might be curious abou innerviewing won't be interviewing celebrities. Why didn't you devote a chapter to how to talk to farmesrs, pharmacists, salesmen, teachers and others who might make interesting stories for local newspapers and such?
A: Because there's no difference: you prepare for a papermaker or a geologist or restaurateur the same as you do a movie star. It really doesn't matter who you interview, the procecss is the same: you do all the research you can, you look for ares of interest, you aim for originality, you write down questions or topics, you try to keep your questions concise and to the point, and you listen. And always remember that you're in charge. If you lead, your subject will follow.
Q: What's the difference between a conversation and an interview?
A: A conversation is something people do when they open their mouths and talk to each other. An interview is a conversation that is edited, structured, put together like a jigsaw puzzle, and focused more on one person than the other. …[A straight transcription of who ordered what at the restaurant is] mostly boring, as most conversations tend to be. Interviews, hopefully, are conversations with the boring parts edited out. An interview is not a true dialog, but a prompted monologue. Someone is asking someone else questions and eliciting answers. [p345-355]
At a discussion on writing for character and dialog (i.e., screenwriting), someone made a similar observation: A movie is about life, with all the boring parts cut out. Here, "movie" refers to the finished form, the script, the story, the finished form on the screen. What is meant by "interview" is a tad more ambiguous, since it refers to the process of sitting down and having that structured conversation, as well as the finished form that appears in print.
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|Authors: ||S.L. von Broembsen, G.J. Brits|
Phytophthora root rot is a limiting factor in the production of cut flower pincushions worldwide, but especially in South Africa.
Investigations were initiated to identify root rot resistance within the genus Leucospermum that might be utilized for the development of resistant cultivars or rootstocks.
Three different methods were used to assess the resistance of Leucospermum hybrids and species selections.
Firstly, shoot cuttings were wound inoculated with P. cinnamomi mycelium under controlled, laboratory conditions.
Lengths of lesions which developed from the inoculations were used to estimate relative resistance.
This detached shoot assay proved too unreliable to be used for assessment.
Secondly, one-year-old rooted cuttings were inoculated by applying zoospores of Phytophthora cinnamomi to the soil mix of individual pots in a trial conducted in a shade house.
All of the lines tested were found to be susceptible to infection, but some lines were tolerant to infection.
Thirdly, field evaluations of resistance were carried out for three years at a site with high natural inoculum levels and other soil factors favoring disease.
Good levels of tolerance were observed for several hybrids and species selections.
Useful differences in tolerance were also recorded among breeding lines within species.
The most tolerant lines are being further evaluated.
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URL _URL_ Hosted by KU Leuven

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Nasty Pesticide Broken Down by Probiotic Used In Culturing Food• _URL_, By Sayer Ji
A compelling study published in Letters in Applied Microbiology shows that a commonly used food probiotic known as Lactobacillus plantarum is capable of degrading dangerous pesticide residues in wheat (pirimiphos-methyl), confirming the traditional fermentation-based food-processing technique known as culturing can significantly improve the safety of conventional food.
The researchers found that Lactobacillus plantarum enhanced the degradation of the pesticide from 15-34%, a close to 81% enhancement. The significance and impact of the study was described as follows:
"Pesticide residues are an unavoidable part of the environment due to their extensive applications in agriculture. As wheat is a major cultivated cereal, the presence of pesticide residues in wheat is a real concern to human health. Reduction in pesticide residues during fermentation has been studied, but there is a lack of data regarding pesticide residues dissipation during cereal fermentation. Present work investigates the dissipation of pirimiphos-methyl during wheat fermentation by L. plantarum. Results are confirmation that food-processing techniques can significantly reduce the pesticide residues in food, offering a suitable means to tackle the current scenario of unsafe food."

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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star-of-Bethlehem, in botany, low, spring-blooming bulbous plant ( Ornithogalum umbellatum ) of the family Liliaceae (lily family), native to the Mediterranean region but naturalized in North America and cultivated in gardens. The plant has rather stiff, grasslike leaves and a cluster of white star-shaped flowers marked on the back with green. It spreads easily and tends to become weedy. Although the fresh plant is poisonous, the bulbs have been prepared and used as food in the Old World. The flower has been associated with the star that guided the Wise Men to the manger (see Star of Bethlehem). The star-of-Bethlehem is classified in the division Magnoliophyta, class Liliopsida, order Liliales, family Liliaceae.
See more Encyclopedia articles on: Botany: General


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the point varies depending on the magnitude of the star. The two hemispheres that make up the globe are joined along the Milky Way. The globe represents the final celestial sphere, that of fixed stars, showing thus a very precise version of the catalogue of stars incorporated in Ptolemy's Almagest. The difference between Islamic globes and what we know about ancient globes lies in the fact that Islamic globes represented the constellation from the front, instead of from the back.
An astrolabist who was also an artist
Scientifically, this globe is exceptionally precise. It was created by a master astronomer who was capable, as the inscription engraved in the vicinity of the South Pole indicates, of recalculating astronomical calculations: "This globe comprises all of the constellations mentioned in the Almagest, after modification according to the time elapsed between the calculations of Ptolemy and year 540 of the Hejira: that is, fifteen degrees and eighteen minutes. Created by Yûnus Ibn al-Husayn al-Asturlabî in the year 539". The iconography of the constellations faithfully follows the model presented in the Kitab suwar al-kawakib (Book on the Constellations of Fixed Stars) by 'Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi, a well-known astronomer from the 10th century. In addition to its remarkable scientific precision, the work is equally captivating due the quality of the engraving. Many of the clothed figures, including Cassiopeia, feature drapery comparable to figures in manuscripts. Their sinuous and stylized folds are characteristic of the art of the book that continued to develop into the mid-13th century, and even beyond, in the Arab part of the Islamic world.
Selected BibliographyThe following works discuss items and themes related to the Louvre collection of Islamic art:
- Anglade, Elise, Catalogue des boiseries de la section islamique. Paris: Editions de la Réunion des musées nationaux, 1988.
- Bernus-Taylor, Marthe, Les Arts de l'islam, guide du visiteur. Paris: Editions de la Réunion des musées nationaux, 2001.
- Bittar Thérèse, "Pierres et stucs épigraphiés", in Catalogue, département des Arts de l'Islam. Paris: Editions de la Réunion des musées nationaux, 2003.
- Catalogue, département des Antiquités orientales. Nouvelles acquisitions, Arts de l'Islam _PHONE_. Paris: Editions de la Réunion des musées nationaux, 2002.
- [Exhibition Catalogue], L'étrange et le merveilleux en terres d'Islam, catalogue d'exposition, Musée du Louvre 23 avril – 23 juillet 2001. Paris: Editions de la Réunion des musées Nationaux, 2001.
- [Exhibition Catalogue], L'Orient de Saladin. L'art des Ayyoubides, catalogue d'exposition, 23 octobre 2001 –10 mars 2002. Paris: Institut du Monde arabe,.
- Noujaim-Le Garrec, Souraya, "Estampilles, dénéraux, poids forts et autres disques en verre", in Catalogue, département des Arts de l'Islam, Editions de la Réunion des musées nationaux, Paris, 2004.
by: FSTC Limited, Wed 30 July, 2008


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Des Plaines Valley Council
W O O D B A D G
|Wood Badge Course Registration Form||Wood Badge Dinner, 4/17/13|
Baden-Powell took the first steps in the training of Scouters by organizing a series of lectures for Scouters in 1911. He made great strides by devising and instituting Wood Badge training in 1919.
Wood Badge recipients now number more than 100,000 throughout the world.
The object of the Wood Badge course is to demonstrate as practically as possible the aims and methods of Scouting. Upon successful completion of the course, the participant receives a parchment certificate and the Wood Badgetwo wooden beads worn on a leather thong around the neck. These beads replicate the beads found by Baden-Powell during a campaign in Africa in 1888. They belonged to Dinizulu, an African chieftain. In searching for a suitable recognition for those who completed the first course in 1919, Baden-Powell remembered the beads and decided to present a bead to each participant. At that time, the course was called "Wood Badge."
The Wood Badge may be worn only with an official field uniform of the BSA. The Scouter to whom it has been awarded may also wear the tan neckerchief with its patch of Maclaren tartan at the back. The Wood Badge neckerchief may only be worn with the accompanying leather neckerchief slide or woggle.
In 1919, W. F. de Bois Maclaren, a district commissioner in Scotland, purchased Gilwell Park and presented it to The Scout Association of Britain. He wanted "to provide a training ground for the officers of the Scouting movement." Consequently, Gilwell Park became the permanent home of Wood Badge training in England and annually welcomes Scouters from around the world. The ax and log symbol associated with Wood Badge is actually the totem of Gilwell Park. Recently, The Scout Association has announced that it would relocate its headquarters from London to Gilwell Park.
In 1929, at the Third World Jamboree at Birkenhead, England, Sir Baden-Powell was made a baron by his king, and became Lord Baden-Powell of Gilwell.
This is the official site of the Des Plaines Valley Council, Boy Scouts of America
This page was last modified on Friday, September 14, 2012 @ 05:32pm


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Previous interest in light hydrocarbons from geothermal systems has focused principally on the origin of the methane1 and the estimation of subsurface temperatures from the carbon isotopic content of coexisting methane and carbon dioxide1-3. Higher molecular weight hydrocarbons were first reported in gases from Yellowstone National Park4, and have since been found to occur commonly in geothermal emanations in the western United States5. Isotopic measurements of individual geothermal hydrocarbons are now reported which help to explain the origin of these hydrocarbons. The thermal decomposition of sedimentary or groundwater organic matter is a principal source of hydrocarbons in four geothermal areas in western North America.?? 1981 Nature Publishing Group.
Additional publication details
Molecular carbon isotopic evidence for the origin of geothermal hydrocarbons


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The area's long, lush spring has produced an abundance of tree pollen to bedevil allergy sufferers. But weeping, sniffling victims might take comfort in the fact that this year's pollen levels haven't come close to past records.
"I know people don't want to hear this, but the season's only been average or slightly worse than average," said Towson allergist John Bacon. "There's a nice crop out there, though. It's been good growing weather."
Tree pollens are Mother Nature's opening salvos in the annual sevento eight-month hay fever onslaught that begins as early as late February and ends with the first heavy frost, sometimes well into October.
Most trees are wind-pollinated, which means the powdery yellow grains from male flowers are dispersed through the air to the tree's female flowers for fertilization.
And there's a nasty, sniffly progression of pollens throughout the spring as various tree species bloom, from maples and willows and mulberries to oaks, the most prodigious supplier of pollen in the Baltimore area. Levels of tree pollen have already peaked, said Dr. Robert Hamilton, director of the Dermatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology laboratory at the Johns Hopkins University Asthma and Allergy Center, where the daily pollen counts are made. On April 16, the combined tree pollen was measured at 5,061 grains per cubic meter, with another high reading of 3,696 on April 17. After a spell of rainy weather, the tree pollen rebounded to 3,692 on April 30 and 2,589 on May 1. By May 14, the count had dropped to 421. If those counts appear suspiciously small, it's because Frank Ward -- Baltimore's "Mr. Pollen," who retired last year after 30 years -- reported oak pollen readings as high as 35,000.
But his time-honored method of exposing a sticky, spinning slide to the open air for 24 hours and then counting the pollen grains on the slide did not take into account the volume of sampled air.
Enter Dr. Hamilton's more accurate sampling instrument, which makes calibrated measurements of pollen in grains per cubic meter to conform to national standards.
"Obviously, we didn't experience record [tree pollen] levels this year," Dr. Hamilton said. "But the grass pollens are just coming on, and they tend to peak from mid-May to mid-June."
The sneeze parade then continues with common weeds such as English plantain, and the most despised of all -- ragweed -- arrives in late summer, reaching its annual peak around Labor Day.
An estimated 15 percent of the population has allergic reactions to pollen, ranging from mild sneezing to near incapacitation from swollen nasal membranes and red, watering, itchy eyes.
Allergist Philip Norman, professor of medicine at Johns Hopkins, reports "an unusual number of calls since March" from hay fever patients. For borderline sufferers, only high concentrations of pollen may sensitize them enough to initiate symptoms. But many veterans of the allergy wars react to even small levels and have hay fever in all but the dead of winter.
Treatment for the symptoms ranges from various nasal sprays ** and medicines such as terfenadine and astemizole to "allergen immunotherapy," a series of allergy shots to build up immunity to the pollen.
But allergists advise avoidance if possible, by staying indoors in air conditioning between 5 a.m. and 10 a.m., when pollen levels are highest, wearing sunglasses outdoors to protect the eyes from pollen and wearing a mask when mowing grass.
This month, tree pollen counts are waning, but grass polen counts will climb higher.
Oak, ash, alder, sycamore, hickory and walnut trees. Grasses include fescue, velvet timothy, orchard, rye, paspalum, vernal, bent, Bermuda and Johnson grass. Sheep sorel and plantain weeds.
Grasses include June grass, fescue, velvet, timothy, orchard, rye, paspalum, vernal, bent,Bermuda and Johnson grass. Sheep sorrel, plantain and lamb's-quarter weeds abound.
Grasses include June grass, fescue, velvet, timothy, orchard, rye, paspalum, vernal, bent, Bermuda and Johnson grass. Plantain and lamb's-quarter weeds abound.
Grasses include paspalum, bent, Bermuda and Johnson grass. Ragweed and lamb's-quarter, pigweed, sage, marsh, elder and cocklebur weeds. Tree and plant molds begin.
Bermuda and Johnson grass hold out until summer's end Pigweed, sage,marsh elder, cocklebur weeds and tree and plant molds continue.


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Are girls taking over the world? It would appear so, based on magazine covers, news headlines, and popular books touting girls' academic success. Girls are said to outperform boys in high school exams, university entrance and graduation rates, and professional certification. As a result, many in Western society assume that girls no longer need support. But in spite of the messages of post-feminism and neoliberal individualism that tell girls they can have it all, the reality is far more complicated. Smart Girls investigates how academically successful girls deal with stress, the "supergirl" drive for perfection, race and class issues, and the sexism that is still present in schools. Describing girls' varied everyday experiences, including negotiations of traditional gender norms, Shauna Pomerantz and Rebecca Raby show how teachers, administrators, parents, and media commentators can help smart girls thrive while working toward straight As and a bright future.
Foreword by Anita Harris
1. Are Girls Taking Over the World?
2. Driven to Perfection
3. Fitting In or Fabulously Smart?
4. Sexism and the Smart Girl
5. A Deeper Look at Class and "Race": Belongings and Exclusions
6. Cool to Be Smart: Microresistances and Hopeful Glimpses
Appendix: Study Participants
Shauna Pomerantz is Associate Professor of Child and Youth Studies at Brock University in St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada. She is the author of Girls, Style, and School Identities: Dressing the Part and the coauthor of "Girl Power": Girls Reinventing Girlhood.
Rebecca Raby is Professor of Child and Youth Studies at Brock University in St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada. She is the author of School Rules: Obedience, Discipline, and Elusive Democracy and the coeditor of Power and Everyday Practices.
"A compelling look into the complex topic of female academic success."—Library Journal
"In general, smart girls felt they needed to 'dumb down' their intelligence in order to be popular. If a girl was talking to a boy, she might pretend she didn't know the answer to a question and ask the boy to explain it to her. Or, she might not raise her hand in class, to avoid being labelled as smart, says Pomerantz."—St Catharines Standard
is unexplored territory. Pomerantz and Raby have conducted a superbly balanced mix of interviews and analysis for a post-feminist and neoliberal age to help us understand why the stereotype of the 'smart girl' holds such sway in our culture and how to put girls back on the political and social agenda."—Leslie C. Bell, author of Hard to Get: Twenty-Something Women and the Paradox of Sexual Freedom
"Pomerantz and Raby urge us to reconsider the 'smart girl' stereotype that pervades popular culture, schools, and common-sense beliefs. With compelling analysis and engaging writing, the book reveals the challenge of negotiating smartness alongside narrow ideals of popular femininity and post-feminist promises of success. A fine contribution to studies of gender, schooling, and girlhood, Smart Girls
vividly depicts the lived experience of educational inequities in a context where these very inequities are widely dismissed as a thing of the past."—Kate Cairns, author of Food and Femininity
goes straight to the heart of the dilemma—how have high-achieving girls been modified through the discourses and practices of neoliberalism? This is a satisfying, highly readable, and fascinating book."—Bronwyn Davies, coauthor of Deleuze and Collaborative Writing: An Immanent Plane of Composition


The Midwest Comprehensive Center (MWCC) collaborated with the Minnesota Department of Education to develop a career and college readiness toolkit. The purpose of the toolkit was to support districts and schools in Minnesota in their development of the state-required career and college readiness indicator as part of their World's Best Workforce plans. The MWCC supported the dissemination, implementation, and continuous improvement of the toolkit, with an emphasis on equitable and inclusive practices.
Populations Served
This collection of resources provides a comprehensive set of guidance, strategies, and tools for engaging districts and schools in equity-oriented career and college readiness program planning and a continuous improvement process.


What is mFT FoV?
Started Jan 27, 2013 | Questions thread
Veteran MemberPosts: 5,789
Re: What is mFT FoV?
In reply to Detail Man, Jan 28, 2013
Detail Man wrote:
Detail Man wrote:
gollywop wrote:
If one has, say, a 12mm lens on an mFT camera, it presumably implies some FoV. However, these days a large number of mFT lenses do software correction for lens distortions, and the image as rendered in, say, ACR is significantly different from the uncorrected version of the same image.
My question: is the 12mm FoV relevant to the FoV of the original image or the FoV of the corrected image, which is, typically, significantly smaller than that of the original?
I agree that the diagonal FOV (thus the 35mm equivalent focal length when the crop factor is considered) of the default (rectilinear distortion corrrected) 4608x3456 pixel size is designed to be relatively close to the intended specification.
There do exist additional photo-sites on M43 image-sensors. They are in the horizontal sections. Some of those photo-sites are unusable - because they are masked-off, and used in order to report black-level offset information only. There are only a few extra photo-sites in the vertical dimension (but they are apparently set aside for use in implementing rectilinear distortion corrections).
The image-file meta-data for your E-M5 (4:3 AR) only reports "Image Dimensions" the calculated diagonal FOV of which is only very marginally different from the default value of 4608x3456. Those pixel-dimensions (for the 3.73 Micron pixel-pitch of the E-M5's image-sensor) calculate out to be only very marginally "longer" (in 35mm equivalent focal length), meaning "narrower" (in FOV) than the specification value.
See: _URL_
However, it is clear (from your posted example as well as another poster's example) that the E-M5 image-sensor does have some extra (horizontal) photo-sites that are not reported in the E-M5's image-file meta-data.
GH2 RW2 (4:3 AR) image-file meta-data reports "Sensor Dimensions" of 4760x3472.
See: _URL_
DxO Optics Pro 7.23 (only when automatic distortion corrections are enabled, and "Keep Aspect Ratio" is unchecked) widens the horizontal field (only), and produces output images that are 4668x3457 (as compared to it's default output image pixel-size of 4609x3457). The wider horizontal pixel-dimension yields a diagonal dimension that is 0.821% larger than default diagonal pixel-dimension.
Have been playing around (using RAW Therapee with the same GH2 RW2 image-file used with the DxO Optics Pro experiment (above). It allows a maximum of 4616x3464 pixel-dimensions (with or without rectilinear distortion corrections being changed in value), and with or without "Auto fill" of the frame (so that no sign of blackened areas outside of image-data being used shows).
It appears (I think) that both DxO and RT are (in the course previewing in-process images) are re-sampling the original de-mosaiced image-data in order to cause them to comport with maximum processed image pixel-dimensions that the application developers have chosen for the particular camera model (with or without rectilinear distortion corrections being applied).
Yes, this one has had me baffled for some time. I noticed with my Canon s90, which was the first camera I had that did software lens correction, that although the rectilinear distortion of the lens varies by focal length, and therefore the correction must also vary with focal length, the demosaiced uncorrected raw files are all the same size (3744x2784) and the demosaiced corrected files are all the same size (3648x2736) regardless of focal length.
I can understand how the uncorrected images can all be of the same size, but it seems to me that the corrected images can only be of a same size if some resampling is going on, different amounts for the different corrections at different focal lengths.
While it may well be the case that camera manufacturers are attempting to ensure that their distortion-corrected in-camera JPGs are (typically) providing a diagonally referenced 35mm equivalent focal length (corresponding to a diagonally referenced Angle of View) - at least where it comes to their own manufactured lenses, anyway - that is something close to the rated AOVs of (their) lenses...
... it appears that theses RAW processors (at least those not provided by the manufacturer for use with their own camera models, anyway) are (by re-sampling the original de-mosaiced image-data) taking liberties based on their own independent judgments of how many extra image-sensor photo-sites can (safely) be utilized in the case of image-sensors on any particular camera model without running into "masked" photo-site locations on the horizontal egdes, and without running into photo-site locations needed for rectilinear-distortion corrections on the vertical edges.
DxO Optics Pro does not use the rectilinear-distortion correction data that exists in RAW image-file meta-data. They use their own data derived from characterizing camera/lens combinations.
RAW Therapee appears to utilize the rectilinear-distortion correction data that exists in RAW image-file meta-data (in the case of their experimental "Auto Distortion Correction" button that works in the case of some camera models only, the DMC-GH2 included), but that is an optional control existing outside of their own manual rectilinear-distortion correction tool.
Among my converters, ACR uses the meta-data, but both PN and RPP do not, and they both produce identically sized and shaped uncorrected images. None of them allows for any options: they either correct or they don't.
Due to optical differences that exist between various lenses, as well as the re-sampling of the original de-mosaiced image-sensor (even in cases where rectilinear distortion corrrection is not being applied at all), it seems that one is not able to accurately predict the Angle of View (hence, the 35mm equivalent Focal Length) by performing calculations based upon known pixel-pitch specifications of the camera's image-sensor and the expected to exist active photo-site dimensions.
Further, the lens-systems are multi-element (and in the case of telephoto lenses, asymmetrical with a Pupillary Magnification value less than unity), and exhibit "focus breathing" and effects which make the actual AOV hard to predict for any given Focal Length and Focus Distance (as I vaguely understand such things).
The commonly used formula:
AOV = ( 2 ) x Arctangent ( ( Frame Diagonal ) / ( ( 2 ) x ( Effective Focal Length ) ) )
... descibes a single, symmetrical lens only.
An excellent reference: _URL_
That does indeed complicate matters.
Thus, as Anders has referenced, using the following emprical method seem the only approach:
while also using a specific RAW processor configured to yield the widest (usable) observable AOV.
Well, I'm really interested in what the AoV for a given focal length is after correction, and whether that corresponds to the AoV that should be associated with that focal length.
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- For additional meanings of "Corridor", please see Corridor.
Corridors located within starships and space stations have typically served as pathways or passageways to various stations or quarters, and as lengthy hallways through which one might access various rooms.
In order to maximize the use of space aboard Starfleet vessels, the corridor system was designed to provide more than simply access from room to room. Several safety and survival features were built into the walls and ceilings, as were running lights to indicate whenever the starship was operating under alert status.
Corridors on board Starfleet vessels were usually of two types: radial (those which run outward, pointing toward the outer hull) and concentric (those which lie in rings, interconnecting the radial corridors). The angled surfaces of each concealed different support structures.
Radial corridors were angled on either side. Their walls concealed a variety of supply lines and conduction systems, data networks, and power trunks. These systems were accessible by the removal of the snap-locked panels which cover them, and all were marked. The ship's concentric corridors housed personnel support systems. In each corridor segment, an emergency survival compartment existed which provides atmosphere, food and communications for one crew member; this provision was to be used should sudden decompression of the ship interior occur due to hull damage of life support failure.
Corridors on board starships of the Constitution-class had been exceptionally wide on vessels on the original configuration. With the refit of the class came an extensive redesign of the corridors. The corridors were now color-coded for identification of deck level. The panels of those on Deck 5, which housed the crew quarters of most of the ship's officers, were covered by a layer of red padding to help protect against injury during any unlikely sudden ship movement. Most corridors on board were colored silver. Those within the engineering hull appeared blue due to different lighting arrangements within that section of the ship. (Star Trek: The Motion Picture)
In the alternate reality, corridors were white with circular walls and black floors. Hallways that connected the more liveable parts of the ship with engineering and the shuttlebay used those rooms' pipes and boilers as impromptu walls and ceilings. (Star Trek)
Starships of the Galaxy-class featured wide and comfortable corridors similar in arrangement to starships of the Constitution-class: concentric corridors echoed the shape of the primary hull and were interconnected with radial corridors. The latter were similar in design to those on board Constitution-class starships; the concentric corridors of the Galaxy-class, however, were more wide and allowed crew and guests direct computer-access through panels mounted against either wall of the corridors. This allowed users to be directed to their destination of choice. (TNG: "Encounter at Farpoint")
In 2364, on board the Galaxy-class starship USS Enterprise-D Dr. Beverly Crusher looked for, but failed to find, Lieutenant J.G. Geordi La Forge in a corridor when he fled sickbay while being treated for a mysterious illness. (TNG: "The Naked Now")
Corridors on board starships of the Intrepid-class were all identical in concentric design. Provisions were concealed behind panels, but the ship's corridors lacked any form of padding to protect crew against injury.
In 2371, on board the Intrepid-class starship USS Voyager, Lieutenants Commander Tuvok and Chakotay took advantage of their relative seclusion in one of the ship's corridors to discuss, and air their disagreements regarding, a conflict between B'Elanna Torres and Lieutenant Joe Carey. (VOY: "Parallax")
The lower maintenance decks such as deck 15, not used as often as much of the rest of the ship, were noticeably less well-lit, and thinner, allowing less room for people to pass. (VOY: "Good Shepherd")
A gallery of other Starfleet corridor designs:
Corridors on board starships and space stations of the Cardassian Union reflect the Cardassian preference of balance, angles, and hard metallic surfaces and dark colors. Cardassians believe in honesty in design and wish to see the columns and beams that make up a structure rather than disguising them with cosmetic treatment. Corridors on board the former Cardassian space station Deep Space 9 reflected this design philosophy in being darker and harsher than those on board starships and space stations of the Federation Starfleet.
- Although corridor matte paintings had previously appeared in several of the films, Star Trek: Deep Space Nine was the first television spin-off to make regular use of them in its corridor sets. They can be seen at the ends of the primary DS9 corridor set (a necessity because the curve of these corridors was much gentler than the corridor had been on the Enterprise-D set, a move intended as a subtle reminder of the station's scale). These paintings were distinguished by having slightly different colors from the practical set, and were "disguised" by a raised section divider.
- Of all the Star Trek spinoffs, the Cardassian corridors were actually the smallest corridor complex built for any spinoff series. There was a section of curved corridor bookended by the matte paintings, which included the wardroom/senior officers' quarters set, which carried on the tradition of having wild walls which could be brought in or removed as needed to portray different rooms. The perpendicular corridor that ended in a T-junction included two complete junior officer/guest quarters sets, each also a modular room which could be adjusted as needed to reflect the needs of the episode. When needed, the wall at the end of that T-junction was rolled aside and the cargo bay vertical door moved into place. These corridors were separate from the docking-ring corridor seen outside many a docking port.
- Both the original series and TNG had regularly featured scenes involving conversations during walks through the corridors, and while this was occasionally done in the curved corridor set, scenes with longer dialogue were typically shot on the much larger Promenade set, as those scenes need not be "faked" (a necessity when a lengthy conversation required actors to walk a longer distance than was possible on set; this practice was used extensively on TNG and can be spotted when actors walk past the turbolift alcove, only to have a cut and see them coming around the corner near sickbay; the corridor complex for the USS Voyager was redesigned to reduce this problem).
In 2373, Nog and Jake Sisko confronted Kai Winn Adami within one of Deep Space 9's corridors over her suspected role in acquiring a Willie Mays rookie year baseball card from an auction. (DS9: "In the Cards")
Interiors on board starships of the Romulan Star Empire are spartan and functional. Thus corridors on board Romulan vessels are wide, allowing quick and unrestricted access throughout the ship. Computer panels were provided throughout ship corridors, mounted against both sides of the wall, allowing easy access to ship systems. (DS9: "Improbable Cause")
Background information Edit
Throughout various episodes of the Star Trek franchise, starship and space station corridors have occasionally served as the sites of plot developments and action scenes enhancing the narratives.
The corridors of the USS Enterprise-A as seen in Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country were retouched from the USS Enterprise-D corridors with a more metallic finish, which were in turn repainted from the original Enterprise's metallic appearance, which the sets were originally built for as part of pre-production of Star Trek: Phase II in the late seventies. These versatile sets represented dozens of starship interiors before being taken down in 1994 after Star Trek Generations, over 15 years after their screen debut in Star Trek: The Motion Picture.
The interior sets for the The Next Generation Enterprise were built over those that had been constructed for The Motion Picture. However, in order to reflect the advancements that had been made by the twenty-fourth century, according to Herman Zimmerman, who served as production designer on the show's first season, "Gene [Roddenberry] wanted softer colors, he wanted carpets on the floors, he wanted space to swing your arms. [...] It was a much more comfortable, user-friendly ship than we had seen before [...]" The corridors were only cosmetically upgraded compared to those that had served The Motion Picture. "One of the really brilliant things about Hal Michaelson's design of the corridors," recalls Zimmerman, "was the aluminum panels, which could be popped off, and behind which you find just about anything. You could find vital equipment, you could find stores, you could find a lifeboat, whatever the particular episode needed just by saying, 'We've never seen this part of the corridor before, and this is what its function is'."
All the while, the design team had to avoid being compared to a hotel. According to Zimmerman, the Enterprise-D had been called the "Hyatt Regency in space". The design team chose to avoid squareness to doors and windows. "They're all rounded, some more than others," says Zimmerman. "Everything is made of metal, of course, but its hard edge has been softened by the lines of the openings and the beam structure that we live inside, that contains us within the skin of the vessel."
The corridor sets for the Intrepid class starship Voyager were designed and constructed under the supervision of Production Designer Richard James. According to Wendy Drapanas, scenic artist on Star Trek: Voyager, the corridor sets which had served Star Trek: The Next Generation were extended, "so we have a longer 'walking, talking' corridor area for filming as opposed to the Enterprise. We don't have to fake it as much on Voyager as we did the corridor shots on the Enterprise. This gives the ship a longer look. Richard James also gave it more of the gray look, which


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What is RBAC?
Kubernetes Role-Based Access Control or the (RBAC) system describes how we define different permission levels of unique, validated users or groups in a cluster. It uses granular permission sets defined within a.yaml file to allow access to specific resources and operations.
Starting with Kubernetes 1.6, RBAC is enabled by default and users start with no permissions, and as such, permissions must be explicitly granted by an admin to a specific service or resource. These policies are crucial for effectively securing your cluster. They permit us to specify what types of actions are allowed, depending on the user's role and their function within the organization.
Prerequisites for using Role-Based Access Control
To take advantage of RBAC, you must allow a user the ability to create roles by running the following command:
root@test:~# kubectl create clusterrolebinding cluster-admin-binding \
--clusterrole cluster-admin --user
Afterwards, to start a cluster with RBAC enabled, we would use the flag:
The RBAC Model
Basically, the RBAC model is based on three components; Roles, ClusterRoles and Subjects. All k8s clusters create a default set of ClusterRoles, representing common divisions that users can be placed within.
The "edit" role lets users perform basic actions like deploying pods.
The "view" lets users review specific resources that are non-sensitive.
The "admin" role lets a user manage a namespace.
The "cluster-admin" allows access to administer a cluster.
A Role consists of rules that define a set of permissions for a resource type. Because there is no default deny rules, a Role can only be used to add access to resources within a single virtual cluster. An example would look something like this:
- apiGroups: [""] # "" indicates the core API group
resources: ["pods"] verbs: ["get", "watch", "list"]
In this case, the role defines that a user (dev1) can use the "get", "watch" or "list" commands for a set of pods in the "testdev" namespace.
A ClusterRole can be used to grant the same permissions as a Role but, because they are cluster-scoped, they can also be used to grant wider access to:
- cluster-scoped resources (like nodes)
- non-resource endpoints (like a folder named "/test")
- namespaced resources (like pods) in and across all namespaces. We would need to run
kubectl get pods --all-namespaces
It contains rules that define a set of permissions across resources like nodes or pods.
An example would look something like this:
# "namespace" omitted since ClusterRoles are not namespaced
- apiGroups: [""] resources: ["secrets"] verbs: ["get", "watch", "list"]
The default ClusterRole command looks like this:
root@test:~# kubectl create clusterrole [Options]
A command line example to create a ClusterRole named "pod", that allows a user to perform "get", "watch" and "list" on a pod would be:
root@test:~# kubectl create clusterrole pod --verb=get,list,watch --resource=pod
A RoleBinding is a set of configuration rules that designate a permission set. It binds a role to subjects (Subjects are simply users, a group of users or service accounts). Those permissions can be set for a single namespace (virtual cluster), with a RoleBinding or, cluster-wide with a ClusterRoleBinding.
Let's allow the group "devops1" the ability to modify the resources in the "testdev" namespace:
root@test:~# kubectl create rolebinding devops1 --clusterrole=edit --group=devops1 --namespace=dev rolebinding "devops1" created
Because we used a RoleBinding, these functions only apply within the RoleBinding's namespace. In this case, a user within the "devops1" group can view resources in the "testdev" namespace but not in a different namespace.
A ClusterRoleBinding defines which users have permissions to access which ClusterRoles. Because a "role" contains rules that represent a set of permissions, ClusterRoleBindings extend the defined permissions for:
- unique namespace in resources like nodes
- resources in all namespaces in a cluster
- undefined resource endpoints like "/foldernames"
The default ClusterRoles (admin, edit, view) can be created using the command:
root@test:~# kubectl create clusterrolebinding [options]
An example of creating a ClusterRoleBinding for user1, user2,and group1 using the cluster-admin ClusterRole
root@test:~# kubectl create clusterrolebinding cluster-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --user=user1 --user=user2 --group=group1
What is a configMap?
A configMap is a resource that easily attaches configuration data to a pod. The information that is stored in a ConfigMap is used to separate config data from other content to keep images/pods portable.
How Do I Create A ConfigMap?
To create a configmap, we simply use the command:
kubectl create configmap
Let's create a default.yaml file to create a ConfigMap:
kubectl create -f default.yaml /configmaps/location/basic.yaml
Basic RBAC Commands For Kubectl
kubectl get roles
kubectl get rolebindings
kubectl get clusterroles
kubectl get clusterrolebindings
kubectl get clusterrole system:node -o yaml
Namespaces are used to define, separate and identify a cluster of resources among a large number of users or spaces. You should only use namespaces when you have a very diverse set of clusters, locations or users. They are used in settings where companies have multiple users or teams that are spread across various projects, locations or departments. A Namespaces also provides a way to prevent naming conflicts across a wide array of clusters.
Inside a Namespace, an object can be identified by a shorter name like 'cluster1' or it can be as complex as 'US.MI.LAN.DC2.S1.R13.K5.ProdCluster1' but, there can only be a single 'cluster1' or a 'US.MI.LAN.DC2.S1.R13.K5.ProdCluster1' inside of that namespace. So, the names of resources within a namespace must be unique but, not spanning namespaces. You could have several namespaces which are different, and they can all contain a single 'cluster1' object.
You can get a list of namespaces in a cluster by using this command:
root@test:~# kubectl get namespaces
NAME STATUS AGE
cluster2dev Active 1d
cluster2prod Active 4d
cluster3dev Active 2w
cluster3prod Active 4d
Kubernetes always starts with three basic namespaces:
- default: This is the default namespace for objects that have no specifically identified namespace (eg. the big barrel o' fun).
- kube-system: This is the default namespace for objects generated by the Kubernetes system itself.
- kube-public: This namespace is created automatically and is world readable by everyone. This namespace is primarily reserved for cluster usage, in case that some resources should be visible and readable publicly throughout the whole cluster. The public aspect of this namespace is only a convention, not a requirement.
Finally, the essential concept of role-based access control (RBAC) is to ensure that users who require specific access to a resource can be assigned to those Roles, Clusterroles, and ClusterRolebindings as needed or desired. The granularity of these permission sets is structured and enabled to allow for increased security, ease of security policy modification, simplified security auditing, increased productivity (RBAC cuts down on onboarding time for new employees). Lastly, RBAC allows for increased cost reduction via removing unneeded applications and licensing costs for less used applications. All in all, RBAC is a needed addition to secure your Kubernetes infrastructure.


Eliminating smart: does the state need educated people? | Khodorkovsky Blog
April 3, 2021
Is it easier to manage smart or stupid people? Depends on your goal!
Russia recently adopted amendments to its education law. What do they mean? Are they designed to help the state protect people from fake news or to get rid of smart and educated?
Russian officials are known for their nonsense speeches often shown directly on state TV. They could be easily fired but it's not happening. Instead the state is creating paranoid laws which make access to education much more difficult.
The government seemingly doesn't want or need educated people. Why do smart people pose danger to Russian authorities? Let's find out with Mikhail Khodorkovsky!
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Besides contributing directly to flavor and functionality, the composition of traditionally brewed soy sauce also makes it useful as a flavor enhancer. To understand how, let's begin with an overview of the mechanism of taste perception.
The overall flavor experience is a combination of several concurrent reactions in the mouth. First, the molecules of various food components trigger receptors for the basic tastes. While this is happening, aromas enter the nose both through the nostrils and through the roof of the mouth.
Here, olfactory receptors transmit odor perception to the brain, where the information is combined with that of the taste receptors. This combination is finally influenced by physical perceptions transmitted by the mouth's sense of touch. Flavor enhancers help to combine these reactions into a unified, blended flavor experience and to intensify the overall effect.
Soy sauce is a flavor enhancer primarily because of its amino acid content. Many amino acids have been identified both as flavor potentiators and umami contributors -- most notably, glutamic acid. But soy sauce's glutamic acid content isn't the only thing contributing to its flavor-enhancing capabilities. Umami ingredients, such as glutamic acid, may work synergistically with salt to produce an enhancing effect, according to one researcher. Soy sauce, as previously discussed, has plenty of both.
It may seem odd to think of soy sauce in a traditional comfort food like beef stew. However, this application demonstrates the flavor enhancing power of traditionally brewed soy sauce. Soy sauce boosts the flavor of the meat and adds depth and color -- without requiring a lot of preparation time. That makes it ideal for prepared entrees, soups and sauces.


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With February's early warm weather, DC's pollen counts are climbing earlier than usual. What you might not know is that decades of urban landscaping sexism are partly to blame for high pollen counts.
That's tree-based, not people-based, sexism. Some common types of trees used in urban landscaping are dioecious, meaning individual trees are either male or female.
When it comes to dioecious plants, cities tend to prefer planting males to females because females drop fruit or seeds that the city then needs to clean up. The most notorious female offenders are gingko trees, whose undesirable smelly fruit plague residents with "strong notes of unwashed feet and Diaper Genie, with noticeable hints of spoiled butter."
But male dioecious trees don't drop seeds or fruit. Instead, in the spring, they release pollen.
Horticultural epidemiologist Tom Ogren traces the modern preference for male trees to around 1950, when the USDA released a book that promoted planting male trees over female trees for easy, litter-free maintenance. The idea caught on with private homeowners, nursery suppliers, and city planners. At the time, Dutch Elm disease was on the uptick, and swaths of trees in US cities were being replaced. Today, DDOT's Design and Engineering Manual (section 47.4.4) confirms that "...trees near walks should be thornless and fruitless to minimize maintenance," though of course there are plenty of fruitless trees that aren't dioecious males.
Favoring male trees isn't a bad idea in itself, and Ogren believes no one had any bad intentions. "But when a city does this on a massive scale, it has a huge impact on the health of the people who live there," he said to Governing. Ogren, who developed the Ogren Plants Allergy Scale (OPALS) used by the USDA and American Lung Association, says planting more female trees will reduce the pollen count in a city.
That makes sense. The job of female trees is to capture pollen, essentially acting as natural air filters. But when they're nearly non-existent, we're left with a ton of pollen in the air with no females to trap it.
Of course, if cities are concerned about street litter, they have some alternatives, Ogren told CityLab. They can use sterile female trees, which don't produce fruit. They can also graft or prune male trees into female trees.
And yes, for allergy sufferers, your proximity to different tree types can matter. Even wide-spreading types of pollen tend not to spread beyond a half-mile of their source. The bulk of a tree's pollen is deposited within a 100-foot radius of the tree.
To be fair, the most common trees in DC aren't dioecious at all, explains Dr. Jessica Sanders, the Director of Research at Casey Trees. She says DC tends to plant more monoecious trees; that is, trees that share male and female parts on the same tree. Birch and oak trees are both monoecious, as are our tourist-favorite cherry trees.
The dioecious trees most popular in DC are poplars and ginkgos. Other dioecious varieties you might see around DC from time to time? Willows, holly, juniper, pistache, and sassafras. Also present in DC, and the releasing their pollen right now? Red maples.
If you're sneezing up a storm like I have been recently, Dr. Sanders says you probably have red maples to thank.
What kind of trees are on your block? DDOT's Urban Forestry Administration has excellent open data on street trees. It's so good, in fact, that in 2011 David Alpert wrote this post about the map Casey Trees made from the data. Dr. Sanders confirmed the map is still pretty accurate:
While other factors outside of pollen also impact seasonal allergies and air quality, there's no wonder I'm digging into my stock of antihistamines since I'm very sensitive to tree pollen. I'm lucky enough to have both a holly tree and a red maple directly in front of my apartment.


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Dynamic Modeling and Input Shaping for MEMS
D.O. Popa, J.T. Wen, H.E. Stephanou, G. Skidmore and M. Ellis
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, US
Keywords: input shaping, open loop control, vibration reduction
In this paper we show that the dynamic performance of MEMS devices can be significantly enhanced using reduced-order modeling techniques and open-loop control via input shaping. Specifically, we apply this methodology to a variety of thermally and electrostatically actuated microstructures, extending our recent results presented in. Input shaping is a popular open-loop control method used primarily for vibration reduction in high precision and high speed positioning equipment. This approach is particularly well suited in applications where positioning feedback signals are not available, and therefore it is very relevant for MEMS.
Nanotech 2004 Conference Technical Program Abstract


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Do YOU have a WINE CELLAR ISOLATED from the mains?
What energy do you use to control the FERMENTATION?
Do you know that solar PHOTOVOLTAIC can help YOU?
Alcoholic fermentation: temperatures.
The alcoholic fermentation is the process by which the sugars contained in the wort are converted to ethyl alcohol. The yeasts, microscopic fungi that are found naturally in the skins, make the process naturally.
Yeast + sugars ==> CO2 + Ethanol + HEAT + Other substances
The alcoholic fermentation is an exothermic process, ie, releases energy as heat. To be controlled!
Wine fermentation lasts 8 to 12 days according to the zones. For a white wine, according to grape variety, fermentation can occur between 5°C (Fº41) to 20°C (Fº68). A red wine is fermented at a temperature from 25°C (Fº77) to 30°C (Fº86).
The fermentation process stops at 22°C (Fº72) in white wine and 33ºC (Fº92) in red wine. To control the fermentation process temperature does not exceed said coils are placed around the steel tanks inxodable by circulating cold water.
How do you control the fermentation now?
If you are in an isolated wine cellar without electricity, how do you cool the water of the fermentation tanks?
- Recirculating cold water from a well or a stream? Do you have permissions, it is effective?
- With a generator plus a compressor to cool the water? It sure it is a very large generator (consuming and expensive) to have concentrated power two weeks a year.
- Or do you expect the limit is not exceeded naturally? What if it is very hot after the harvest?
Solar PV + Compressor + Accumulation of cold
In a secluded winery you can make a solar photovoltaic system calculated for the needs of the worst days of the year, eg for lighting in winter. This ensures to have electricity for pumps, LED lights, computers, etc.
In summer, with more solar insolation, you have much more power than needed, because there are fewer night hours to illuminate. What can you do with this surplus of electrical energy?
With a small cooler compressor power (much smaller than we need for two weeks) you can cool the water control fermentation, very slowly (four months), to 5°C (Fº41) during the summer.
Where to accumulate cold water, you slowly cool over the months? In a large water tank very well isolated thermally (even buried).
In the few days you need to control the fermentation, you can recycle the water from this tank. It is true that water is gradually warming, but good regulation and much accumulated volume will serve to cool for two weeks, long enough.
In addition, the water tank, outside the summer season-vintage-fermentation, can be reused for other purposes such as strategic reserves of drinking water.
- Solar PV modules to cool and small batteries for electricity throughout the year.
- A small cooler compressor, enough to cool slowly.
- A large water tank, well insulated, multi-purpose.
Advantages of the system:
- Avoids to buy or rent a large generator for two weeks of intensive use.
- If the electricity of all year comes from the generator, fuel consumption is exaggerated.
- CO2 emissions are avoided and your winery is positioned for the environment.
What do you think? Do you know real cases similar? Thanks for your feedback


Banja Luka
Banja Luka (Serbian Cyrillic: Бања Лука; pronounced [bǎɲa lǔːka]) or Banja Luka (Serbian Cyrillic: Бањалука), is the second largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the de facto capital of the Republika Srpska entity. Traditionally, it has been the center of the Bosanska Krajina region, located in the northwestern part of the country. According to the 2013 census, Banja Luka city territory has 274,914 inhabitants. The name "Banja Luka" was first mentioned in a document dated 6 February 1494.
It is home of the University of Banja Luka as well as numerous state and entity institutions of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The city lies on the river Vrbas and is well known in the countries of the former Yugoslavia for being full of tree-lined avenues, boulevards, gardens and parks.
Banja Luka has always been "a paradise valley" with a lot of greenery, water and fruit as described by many travel writers who have visited Banja Luka. Banja Luka is now known for a large number of green areas (parks and tree-lined roads) because of which is called "a city of greenery".
Photo by Aleksandar Čavić
The most common tree in the urban green space is a horse chestnut tree, but there are also linden, plane tree, spruce and many other species of ornamental woody plants. In the city and its vicinity there are three spas (Srpske toplice, Slatina and Laktaši) with mineral water, whose healing properties were used even in the ancient times.
Cutting its way through the rocks, from Jajce do Banja Luka, Vrbas has created a fantastic canyon where you will find a series of natural rarities. Rapids, waterfalls, cascades, beaches, surrounding rocks, and the wealth of flora and fauna make this region specific. The Vrbas Canyon is the habitat of numerous relict and endemic plant and animal species that represent the specific ecosystem of the canyon. Vrbas leaves the canyon in the city and from the mountain flow and starts its flow through the valley. This river is characterized by rare and precious species of fish in the salmon family, such as brown trout, graying and salmon, which indicates a very high quality of water and specific fish stocks. In Vrbas, especially in the lower reaches, can be found cyprinid fish species such as chub, carp, barbel, carp, and there are also catfish, bass, perch and bullhead.
Many events and sports competitions are held on the river Vrbas. Special attractions are water sports for which this river provides excellent conditions. Vrbas is a host to many national and European kayak/canoe sport competitions on wild rivers, rafting and fly-fishing. The specificity of the river is also the boat dajak which is named after the pole which serves for pushing of the boat.
Photo by Aleksandar Čavić
Photo by Aleksandar Čavić
Photo by Aleksandar Čavić
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This lesson has been designed to get students to think about key factors that led to medical breakthroughs during the Industrial period. It is designed for the Pearson Edexcel Spec for Medicine in Britain 1250-Present. It also uses pages from the Hodder textbook, but is easily adaptable if using other textbooks or even other specs. This lesson is designed to go at the end of the unit on industrial medicine, before students complete a test.
Suggested use of lesson
Give students a minute to think and discuss how pizza can help us to explain our thinking in history. They usually give some interesting and funny ideas. I often won't reveal how till later.
**Main Activities **
After introducing the lesson, students get an opportunity to do a little bit of recap. I usually get them in pairs and the first students to name all the individuals and their contributions win a prize.
After recap, I will hand out each student an A5 copy of the baskets in preparation for the tasks on slide 5. Pleas see notes on slide 5 regarding page numbers in Hodder textbook and suggested extra-challenge.
Hand out blank pizza slice to each student and have them label and briefly explain their Pizza. Possible opportunity for students to share and compare their thinking.


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Author: Kaid Benfield
The Places to Grow land use plan for the region of Ontario around Toronto and Hamilton (image above) is one of the best I have seen. I will discuss it more below, but you can tell how well-conceived it is just by looking at the amount of protected land it saves while accommodating a tremendous amount of regional growth in population and jobs.
Planning at the regional scale is critical. As our economic, land use and transportation patterns have evolved over the last century, metropolitan areas have become increasingly important. In most parts of the country, the political boundaries established by municipalities long ago are no longer relevant to businesses' or residents' activities, to say nothing of environmental media such as air and water.
As a result, to meaningfully influence environmental impacts associated with development, land use, and transportation, we must act at a level where central cities and suburbs can be considered together. As President Barack Obama has put it, "that is the new metropolitan reality and we need a new strategy that reflects it."
Read the full article at _URL_


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STEVE LEWIS/Durango Herald
The Durango Discovery Museum, which is housed in a 120-year-old power plant, intends to make its landmark smokestack the centerpiece of a science park powered by clean energy.
A capital campaign – called Back the Stack – that started the day after Christmas has a minimum goal of $133,000 to develop a series of demonstration projects showcasing leading-edge applications of age-old power sources: sun, wind and water.
"We'd like to have five to 10 interactive projects for visitors of all ages," said Haz Said, who handles marketing and communications for the museum.
"We'll have energy of all kinds in keeping with the theme of the museum – energy past, present and future."
Production of marketable amounts of electricity isn't the goal. But together, museum directors hope, the sources will generate enough power to make the museum and science park a net-zero energy site.
The museum already is into alternative, clean energy. It has solar panels tied to the grid and three geothermal wells that help heat the museum in the winter and cool it in the summer.
The former power plant's grey, weather-scarred smokestack will be the center of attention in the next round of projects.
One proposal involves the application of thermal convection which, put simply, demonstrates that heat rises. One or a pair of turbines will be installed inside the stack, and the exterior surface of the 100-foot tunnel will be painted a dark color.
As sun rays pound the smokestack, its somber color enhances the absorption of solar rays. Heat builds inside the stack and the updraft of hot air will turn the turbines.
Flexible leaf-shaped photovoltaic solar panels, called Solar Ivy after the company that manufactures them and which are evocative of the ivy-covered walls of academia, will be affixed to the exterior of the smokestack.
The Solar Ivy panels do double duty when the sun shines and the wind blows because each has attached a piezoelectric (electromechanical) generator that produces power through the motion of the movable leaves.
An old standby, water, also could contribute to power production. Because the museum is situated on the banks of the Animas River at Camino del Rio and east 14th Street, a 30-foot waterwheel just downstream of the U.S. Geological Survey gauging station would be installed.
This project requires approval from government agencies.
The power plant started operating in 1893 as Durango Light & Power Co. It was acquired by the Western Colorado Power Co., which owned six other generating stations, including one at Tacoma on the Animas River near Rockwood, and in Ouray and Montrose.
A dispatcher in Silverton controlled the operations of the generating plants.
The Durango plant closed in the early 1970s and the site sat abandoned. In 1999, the Colorado Historical Society gave the city of Durango a $310,000 grant to rehabilitate the structure, which eventually resulted in the city awarding the Durango Children's Museum a free 25-year lease contingent on it raising $5 million.
The museum opened in February 2011.
It features interactive exhibits, some long-term, others that rotate every few months; programs for all ages that focus on science themes, particularly energy; and events, including a weekly trivia night.
The Solar Roller is a mobile science laboratory that covers the Four Corners, serving populations that can't visit Durango.
Middle school and high school students interested in science train to become museum docents.
The Back the Stack financing campaign has started well, Said said.
"We know that several big contributions are coming," he said. "We've received a donation from New Zealand as the result of the social networking of our supporters."


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In 1860 John Pyle, a white widower farmer of 65 in Kaufman Co, TX, held two enslaved women and four boys. The women, ages 38 and 28, were classified by the census enumerator as black. Their boys, ages 19, 14, 6 and 2 months old, were all classified as mulatto. I believe all those boys were Pyle's natural sons. John Pyle had been widowed since 1851.
In the 1870 census, after Pyle's death, a 10-yr-old black boy named Tom Pyle was included in the household of John's oldest son Samuel Pyle, also in Kaufman Co, TX. Tom was listed "at home". No mother was listed with him. I think this is the last son of John Pyle. Samuel Pyle was his white half-brother and took care of him. Other white half brothers in Kaufman County were James and Jonathan Pyle. In 1880 in the town of Kaufman, TX, a young black man of 20, named Jefferson Pyle, was listed as boarding with a black couple and going to school. I believe he was the same person as Tom Pyle. Perhaps his full name was Thomas Jefferson Pyle, or perhaps he named himself Jefferson as a young man. It was exciting to see that he went on to school.


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What does SOOT stand for?
What does SOOT mean? This page is about the various possible meanings of the acronym, abbreviation, shorthand or slang term: SOOT.
We've found a total of 1 definition for SOOT:
What does SOOT mean?
- carbon black, lampblack, soot, smut, crock(verb)
- a black colloidal substance consisting wholly or principally of amorphous carbon and used to make pigments and ink


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Women have their hardworking cells to thank for the fact that they tend to live longer than men, argues a scientist. Experts believe aging is caused by tiny problems in the body, and we die when our bodies stop repairing these issues, the Daily Mail reports. Women, suggests the UK scientist, are genetically hardwired to maintain their cells longer, while men are more biologically "disposable."
"Under the pressure of natural selection to make the best use of scarce energy supplies, our species gave higher priority to growing and reproducing than to living forever," researcher Tom Kirkwood writes in Scientific American. Where reproducing is concerned, it's the woman's body that matters most, for carrying and nursing the baby—"the man's reproductive role is less directly dependent on his continued good health."


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Calendar, Solar System
Shows the position, magnitude, apparent diameter, illuminated fraction, rise, culmination and set time. Also the current position in altitude and azimuth is shown for the planets (Pluto included), the Moon and the Sun, for each selected date.
The graphs tab shows the evolution in the given period of time of the rise, culmination and set times, magnitude, diameter and illumination of the planets.
en/documentation/calendar_planet.txt · Last modified: 2015/11/06 20:43 (external edit)


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TotalEnergies and Air Liquide are innovating to produce and valorise renewable, low carbon hydrogen at the Grandpuits zero crude platform in France. Under a long-term contract committing TotalEnergies to purchase the hydrogen produced for the needs of its platform, Air Liquide will invest over EUR130 million in the construction and operation of a new unit producing hydrogen. This unit will partly use biogas from the biorefinery built by TotalEnergies and will be delivered with Air Liquide's carbon capture technology Cryocap. These innovations will prevent emissions amounting to 150,000 tonnes of CO2 a year compared to current processes. TotalEnergies' biorefinery will use the unit's hydrogen to produce sustainable aviation fuel.
In line with the two companies' shared ambition to get to net zero by 2050, the project includes sustainable and circular innovations:
- The new hydrogen production unit, with the capacity to produce over 20,000 tonnes/year will produce hydrogen that is partly renewable, thanks to the recycling of residual biogas from the Grandpuits biorefinery, in place of the natural gas that is normally used.
- This unit will be delivered with a carbon capture technology, allowing it to help reduce the platform's carbon footprint, by capturing over 110,000 tonnes of CO2 a year for reuse in food and industrial applications.
- Most of the unit's renewable, low carbon hydrogen will be used by the biorefinery itself, to produce sustainable aviation fuel, but it could also be used to support sustainable mobility in the Ile-de-France region.
"By recycling the biogas produced by the biorefinery into renewable hydrogen, this innovative project makes full use of the conversion of the Grandpuits refinery into a zero crude platform harnessing the potential of biomass, especially in the production of sustainable aviation fuel," said Bernard Pinatel, President, Refining & Chemicals, TotalEnergies. "Combined with the production of low carbon hydrogen and the capture of CO2, this project contributes to TotalEnergies' ambition to decarbonize all of the hydrogen used by its European refineries by 2030."
"This innovative project is characterized by the combination of several solutions in order to produce renewable and low-carbon hydrogen,and contribute to the decarbonization of TotalEnergies' Grandpuits site. It also provides the opportunity to recycle CO2 as part of a circular economy approach while securing its supply for agri-food applications. This project illustrates Air Liquide's expertise in working with its customers on customized solutions to help them reduce their carbon footprint and actively participate in the fight against global warming. It provides yet another example of the key role that hydrogen will play to succeed in the energy transition," added Pascal Vinet, Senior Vice President and member of the Executive Committee, Air Liquide, in charge of Europe Industries activities.


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AfriGeneas Free Persons of Color Forum
Re: American Indian records-FPOC
In Response To: Re: American Indian records-FPOC ()
Erin, I just reread this. What is considered "African" features? The features of the various peoples of African are not all the same just as the features of Europeans, Asians, etc are not all the same.
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text: Read more...Despite the language's early attestation, the Hittite category of neuter s-stems differs strongly both in its extent and in its inflectional properties from what we can infer as a late-PIE state of affairs on the basis of the remaining (relatively) early attested IE languages such as Vedic, Avestan, Greek, and Latin. This discrepancy permits at least two conclusions that seem to be diametrically opposed to each other: either that Hittite (bzw. Anatolian) preserves an archaic condition where many features that we know from the other languages had not yet fully developed, or that the whole inherited category of neuter s-stems was afflicted by an almost complete loss, and that what we see is but the remains of an advanced and ongoing process of degradation. In this paper, a considerate weighing of the possible positions and a dialectic discussion of all relevant evidence is put forward. Does the Anatolian evidence allow any conclusions on the question of a Frühausgliederung? We will see that – as is often the case within Anatolian historical linguistics – the answer will have to be sought somewhere in the middle between archaism and innovation.


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Structure, Management, and Performance Characteristics of Specialized Dairy Farm Businesses in the United States
by Sara D Short
Agricultural Handbook No. (AH-720) 60 pp, October 2000
The U.S. dairy industry faces a changing government policy environment in the year 2000. Milk producers are struggling, and will continue to struggle, to adjust to markets that are more dependent on the forces of supply and demand. Data from the 1993-95 Farm Costs and Returns Surveys and the 1996 Agricultural Resource Management Study show that dairy farm businesses in general did a fairly good job of meeting short-term debt, generating returns, and meeting long-term debt from 1993 to 1996. The analysis indicates that farm management strategies will play an important role in determining the overall profitability of a dairy farm business as Government supports decline. However, the 1996 data suggest that changes in management techniques are adopted slowly.
Keywords: Dairy farm businesses, structure, management, performance, characteristics
In this publication...
- Title page, Contents, Summary,
- Approach to Analysis,
- Data Sources,
- Economic Structure,
- Financial Structure,
- Dairy Farm Management Decisions,
- Distribution of Profits,
- Appendix A: Definition of Financial Ratios,
- Appendix B: Statistical Procedures,
- Appendix Tables,
- Entire Report,
Need help with PDFs?


About insightDproject
What is beyond the art of dance? What can dancers do to improve the lives of children who live in countries affected by internal conflict or disasters? Life has taught us that when we push together towards a goal, we can move mountains. insightDproject is a dance project focused on the development of an artistic path at a young age. Children and teenagers would have the opportunity to recognise themselves as human beings capable of achieving goals through their courage, tenacity, responsibility and discipline.
A brief insight of a process that involves the world.
The project consists of 6 phases, involving dancers, choreographers, producers, musicians, psychologists and consultants from around the world. All of them have contributed to shape this process. The first phase began in NYC in April of 2016 and it took a year and a half to put together all the material needed to proceed to the next phases. I, Joe Belial, a Producer, Audiovisual Director and Journalist, passionate of the image, felt the urge to share my insight beyond the beauty of the movements, through audiovisuals and photography: Dance helps to change lives.
Shaping society through dance.
Personal satisfaction has been something that human beings have always long for, needing, without any doubt, the help or inspiration of others to achieve this. In this tenacious search, he has come to experience different arts, which have enabled him to find himself and unconsciously unload his emotions and feelings. Dance has always been one of those languages that allows human beings to communicate through movements, expressing feelings and moods.
Dancing awakens emotions and fantasies through the movement. It facilitates the expression of sensations, emotions, feelings and moods in a natural and uninhibited way. Thus, we can connect with ourselves and with those emotions that we repress, such as rage, anger, anxiety, anguish, pain, sadness, which can be channeled in a healthy way, which helps emotional control in the day by day.
The videos present an insight of what's beyond dance and how this can be a means of social transformation. The activities were carried out in Evitar and Cartagena, Colombia. The intention was to conduct pilot tests of dance workshops related to the project.
Genna Carey
Modern dancer
Katie Mattar
Modern dancer
Anthony Paul Panesso
Jazz dancer
One step at the time. Dance helps to change lives!
Assistant Producers
– Cécile Jaouen
– Glenn Westphal
Greg, Darlyn & Ronald
Contemporary Dancers
Hat off for these amazing perfomers.


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The Name Mitla is derived from the Nahuatl word "Mictlan", which means "Place of the Dead". In the Language of the Zapotecans, it is called "Lyobaa", which means "Burial Place". The name in the language of the original builders (The Zapotecans) is probably the most accurate when one considers the tombs of the ancient kings and priests which are actually an integral part of the structures within the city.
Archaeological evidence indicates that the site was actually inhabited as early as 900 BC, but the structural remains of the city itself have dates ranging between 200 AD and 900 AD.
The Structural remains of the city correspond with the height of Zapotecan rule over the region from Monte Alban (500 BC to 800 AD). It must be noted, however, that Mitla experienced its greatest growth between 750 AD and 1521 AD; and this period of growth corresponds with the end of Zapotecan rule over the area and the beginning of Mixtec rule with its center of power based in Mitla.
Political Power in Mitla followed the same theocratic structure as Monte Alban. In 1580, an early Spanish explorer named Canseco visited Monte Alban and said that the interior chamber of the Hall of Columns was the residence of the High Priest who was "like our Pope". And the Spanish Chronicler, Father Burgoa, said that Mitla was once the residence of the Zapotec High Priest who was so powerful that the King Zaashila bowed to his wishes and commands. He went on to say that the High Priest ruled from his Jaguar covered throne - even the King, when in his presence, took a lower seat.
The ancient city of Mitla was made up of 5 main palaces, or precincts: One for the Zapotecan High Priest, One for secondary priests, one for military officers, with one reserved for the king and another for his entourage (when they were in town).
Today, what is left of Mitla, gives us a glimpse back into the past. To a time when the walls with long panels of geometric mosaics made of polished stone and pieced together without mortar stood out against a brilliant red background. A time when the codex style writing which covered the walls of the palaces were bright and new. When priests were trained here, and the noble dead were laid to rest.
Busses leave for Mitla every half hour from the second class bus station, and a ticket will cost 12 Pesos (you pay another 12 Pesos on your way back). The ruins are located about 45km from Oaxaca, and the trip will take about 50 minutes.
When the bus stops in Mitla, signs will point you towards the ruins and it's a ten minute walk to get there.
The ruins are open Tuesday through Sunday from 9-5. Entrance to the ruins is 30 Pesos (free on Sundays for Mexican Nationals only). If you have a video camera, it will cost you an extra 30 Pesos (tripods are by special permit only).
If you would like a first class tour of the ruins, guides are available for 120 Pesos.


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VARK: A Guide to Learning Styles
Example Web Site and/or Technical Equipment Required
Website Example: _URL_
Computer(s), Internet access
In this activity, students answer the VARK Learning Style online questionnaire's 16 questions to measure their learning style preferences in these areas: Visual (V), Aural/Auditory (A), Reading/Writing (R), and Kinesthetic (K) – see descriptions at VARK Modalities page in order to find their preferred learning styles and their weaker study habit. The inventory's focus is on study habits and skills more than personality traits, and there are "help sheets" that explain to students how to develop their less-preferred learning modalities.
- Make sure that the Web site is not blocked on the computer(s) on which students will take the inventory.
- Go through the questionnaire yourself to anticipate student questions and difficulties and to find vocabulary you may need to pre-teach.
- Download, print, and photocopy the assignment sheet. (Example Document )
- Ask students why it may be important and helpful for them to know and understand their learning styles.
- Distribute the assignment sheet to students and explain what a preferred learning style is and give examples
- Have students open the VARK questionnaire in their Web browsers. (Give them the Web address for the Example Web Site above.) Students will answer the VARK learning styles inventory questionnaire by selecting one or more answers to each question. After answering the questions, their results will be displayed.
- Students will use the Example Document (above) to record and summarize the results of the questionnaire by noting their preferred learning style(s) and characteristics and making a learning goal for developing their less frequently used learning styles and studying habits in order to develop their study skills.
- Debrief and discuss students' results with the whole class to find out if there are prevailing preferred learning styles or if the results are varied. You may choose to have students compose a report summarizing their results or fill out goal sheets you create and record activities they do and their progress toward realizing their learning goals, such as keeping a study log.
- You may want to tabulate students' results to ensure that you are not only using class activities that appeal to students preferred learning styles but also to help your students develop their weaker, less frequently used study skills.
- There is also a version of the VARK learning style inventory for younger students at and one for athletes.
- Intermediate High
- (0.2) Communicate regarding personal information
- (7.2) Demonstrate ability to use critical thinking skills
- (7.3) Demonstrate ability to use problem-solving skills
- (7.4) Demonstrate study skills
- (7.7) Demonstrate the ability to use information and communication technology
- (7.1) Identify or demonstrate effective skills and practices in accomplishing goals
- (7.5) Understand aspects of and approaches to effective personal management


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to the Yancey County NC Gen Website providing online genealogical
information supplied by volunteers who are committed to sharing historical
information and data. Yancey County is located in the far western
part of North Carolina which borders Tennessee.
In December 1833,
Yancey County was established from sections of Burke and
Buncombe counties and named in honor of statesman
Bartlett Yancey. The county became smaller forming
Watauga [est. 1849], Madison [est. 1851], Mitchell [est. 1861], and Avery
[est. 1911], counties respectively. Since that time, Yancey's
boundaries are preserved.
Burnsville is the county seat, the only incorporated town, and named
after Privateer Captain
Otway Burns [pictured]. Bartlett Yancey and Otway Burns never
lived in Yancey Co. but were prominent political figures heads that
influenced the development of the area.
County is a mountainous region having the highest average of elevation of
any county in North Carolina with 19 peaks rising over 6,300 feet.
It's surrounded by the
Blue Ridge area of the
Appalachian Highlands. The
Black Mountain Range crosses the south end of the county, intersected
by the Blue Ridge and the
Unaka Ranges. Mt.
Mitchell [part of the Black Mountain chain] is the highest peak in
eastern North America with an elevation of 6,684. It was named after
Elisha Mitchell, a professor at the University at Chapel Hill who
studied the area. The South Toe and Cane rivers are the
county's major waterways feeding most of the tributaries.
COUNTY FACTS AT A GLANCE:
--Established in 1833 from Burke and
--311 Square Miles / 200,704 Acres
--Mountainous region with a unique ecosystem
of flora and fauna
--County Seat: Burnsville
2012 Facts Sheet
--Population in 2000: 18,421 [per
US Census Bureau]
--Average Temp: 22-47 degrees winter /
80 degrees summer
--Average Annual Rainfall: 44 inches;
Average Annual Snow: 21 inches
--Historical Industries: agriculture,
mining, textile, lumber, pottery
--Historical Religions: Baptist, Presbyterian
--Primary Historical Ethnicity: Irish, Scottish, German, English,
Cherokee Native American


Theatre Is A Sacred Space For Actors
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recycling service
4 Steps To Plan An Eco-Friendly Event
Summer is nowhere and the period of this occasion is officially upon us. Whether you are arranging a street fair, music festival, bar mitzvah, or just a wedding, then you may dramatically decrease the adverse impact your celebration has on the environment with a couple of straightforward actions. Given sustainability and social responsibility, there's presently a fantastic chance to turn any occasion that is well-known into a stage to raise public consciousness of available ecological options and the value of recycling.
Image Source:- Google
1. Make sustainability a priority in the planning stage
If you are responsible for planning or running the event, you have the greatest power to prioritize sustainability in the pre-planning phase. Trying to tackle your neighborhood's ideas at the last minute can mean missing out on lots of opportunities which could lead to bad PR or unnecessary trouble.
2. Work with event partners to get them involved in your environmental efforts
Regardless of the size and type of event, you should work with suppliers, caterers, and concessionaires to include them in your environmental endeavors. You can use proactive practices and reduce or eliminate waste before it is generated or even carried over to your event space.
3. Collect multiple streams at one station
Even when you simply collect recycling and prices, it is significant that these flows are constantly linked! Studies indicate that flow pollution is significantly decreased when one channel is utilized to collect many streams as opposed to having different containers.
4. Think about where to put your recycling bin
Forget the table and chairs! When planning environmental events, everything revolves around the trash. The optimal position of the container during your event has a significant impact on whether guests and employees are using the container effectively.


text:
by Gina Grosenick
Over the past year, various funding organizations including the McConnell Foundation and the Ontario Trillium Foundation (OTF) have introduced programs to encourage wide-spread adoption of the collective impact approach for addressing critical community problems and achieve large scale social change.
As identified in a seminal article written by John Kania and Mark Kramer, collective impact "is the commitment of a group of important actors from different sectors to a common agenda for solving a specific problem, using a structured form of collaboration" (Stanford Social Innovation Review, 2011).
Collective impact is premised on the belief that deeply entrenched, complex social problems cannot be solved by individual organizations, or even sectors, acting alone. Instead, a deep and broad collective of individuals and stakeholders working towards a common agenda and acting in concert can make meaningful and large-scale impact on important issues facing our society.
The theory of collective impact identifies five conditions for success. The first is that there is a common agenda among all stakeholders, which includes a shared vision of what the problem is and what the vision for change should be. The second condition is that data and results are collected and measured consistently among all stakeholders. The third is that all activities of stakeholders are coordinated within a central plan of action. The fourth is that there is consistent and open communication within the collective. Finally, fifth, that there is a "backbone organization" and/or a core group serving as the coordinator of the collective and its activities.
The Broadening the Base (BtB) initiative was formed before and without knowledge of the theory and opportunities of collective impact. Yet, as an initiative it directly aligns with the values and characteristics of the approach to address the complex issue of the lack of affordable housing in Ottawa. Recognizing that a solution would be untenable without widespread stakeholder support, the BtB founders actively pursued the "not the usual suspects" to contribute to the initiative. To date, BtB has been successful in engaging stakeholders from the business, non-profit, academia, government, affordable housing, social justice, housing development, finance, social impact financing, philanthropy, environment, communications, community engagement, grassroots advocacy, legal and religious sectors to the effort. The shared vision and approach of the initiative was developed through active consultation in the form of open community meetings with stakeholders. The central plan of action that emerged and that stakeholders are working towards is to identify new tools, mechanisms and partnership that will catalyze an increase and diversity of affordable housing options in the city. BtB continues to model open and consistent communication through email newsletters, community meetings, and through our website (_URL_) and twitter account (_USER_). The core team and coordinator act as the backbone support for the initiative, coordinating activities and sharing knowledge across the stakeholder group.
Since learning about the approach, BtB is proud to identify as a collective impact initiative and has undertaken activities to increase our knowledge of collective impact and revisit our vision, goals and approach to better position ourselves for success. We are thankful for the leadership of groups like McConnell and OTF in supporting and promoting the approach and for making resources and programs available to help in the funding and coordination of collective impact activities.
BtB is making lasting and meaningful impact on the affordable housing crisis in Ottawa through the power of collective impact. If you are interested in getting involved, please send us an email at _EMAIL_


Quick Answer: What Is The Purpose Of A Tubigrip?
Is it OK to sleep with a compression bandage?
Please remove compression bandages at night while sleeping.
for best results.
As swelling reduces it may be necessary to adjust compression bandage..
What is a tubular bandage?
Tubigrip or tubular bandage is an elasticated stockinette compression support bandage commonly used for ankle sprains, arm injuries, knee support, sore muscles and bruising.
Should you sleep in a Tubigrip?
Only wear the tubigrip as instructed by your physiotherapist. Do not let anybody else use your tubigrip. Remove your tubigrip before you go to bed each night. Regularly clean your tubigrip as directed above.
How do you know what size Tubigrip to get?
Sizes are based on the width of the flat bandage. Stockinette can be washed. Contains latex….Calculate using the flat width to estimate the size needed:Measure circumference of the area needing compression.Divide measurement in half.Select the size closest to the measurement.
What is Tubigrip made of?
Tubigrip is made from cotton with covered elastic threads laid into the fabric to form free-moving spirals. The fabric is available in two colours, natural shade and flesh shade.
Are TED hose and compression stockings the same?
Whereas TED hose are prescribed for non-ambulatory patients, compression socks are best suited for patients who are able to move around. Generally, compression socks are for patients with circulatory problems such as venous insufficiency, lymphedema, and varicose veins.
What is the largest size Tubigrip?
Size F; 0.5m (Large knees, medium thighs – Limb size: 28-36cm) Size F; 1m (Large knees, medium thighs -Limb size: 28-36cm ) Size G; 0.5m (Large thighs – Limb size: 36-46cm) Size G; 1m (Large thighs -Limb size: 36-46cm )
Is Tubigrip good for sprained ankle?
'Tubigrip won't provide nearly enough support or compression to keep the swelling down. If you can put weight on the ankle, that's fine; but don't force it – the injured ligaments need time to heal. '
How long should a compression bandage be left on?
How long do I need to wear the bandage? The bandage needs to be worn until your ulcer has completely healed. It is recommended that the initial bandage will be changed after 48-72 hours. Thereafter the bandage will usually be left on for one week.
How do you keep bandages from rolling down?
To help stop bandages from rolling down, apply the comfort layer twice around the top of the leg. Coban 2 Layer Compression Systems will absorb and wick away skin moisture but are not designed as a primary wound dressing. The wound should be managed with dressings appropriate to the wound condition.
How do you measure for a Medigrip?
*For a full arm coverage, measure the largest part of the forearm. For a full leg or below the knee coverage, measure the widest point of the calf. And, for the hand, measure around metacarpophalangeal joint. Note: For correct tension, always use a double layer of Medigrip.
How do I keep my Tubigrip from rolling?
One of the great things about tubigrip is that it usually stays in place by itself. However, occasionally people find that tubigrip rolls down at the top slightly, especially on legs. My top tip is to get a coin and fold the top of the tubigrip over it and that should keep it in place.
How tight should Tubigrip be?
It is essential to get the right size and to apply tubigrip correctly to ensure it works effectively and safely. Too loose and it won't reduce swelling or provide support, too tight and it can be uncomfortable and could reduce circulation (blood flow). Tubigrip should feel tight but not restrictive.
How often should you elevate your legs?
The more the swelling and the longer there has been swelling, the longer and more frequently your need to elevate your legs. Start with 20 minutes twice a day. This might do the trick. If not, go to 30 minutes or even an hour.
How high should legs be elevated?
In addition, the natural flow of blood becomes much easier if your legs are elevated. Rather than making your veins put in extra effort to flow against gravity and up back to your heart, give them a break and elevate them at least 6 inches above your heart.
How do you wear ankle Tubigrip?
Compression – Wrap a tubigrip or elastic bandage from the toes to just below the knee, using even pressure. Wear this until swelling decreases. Loosen the wrap if your toes start to turn blue or feel cold. Elevate – Ideally make sure to elevate the ankle above heart level.
How long can you wear a tubular bandage?
Wear 24 hours per day. Wear during the day, every day, and remove before bedtime. Wear during the night, as tolerated.
Are compression socks for?
How long should you wear Tubigrip for?
You will be given an elastic bandage (tubigrip) and wound dressings to apply at home. After 48 hours you can remove the bandage, padding and white dressings. Try to leave the steristrips in place for 5-7 days. Can I have a bath or shower?
How much compression is in a Tubigrip?
Compression begins from the toes, through the calf to below the knees. Doubling the stocking will provide 10-15 mmHg of pressure. Finishing the bandage 2-3 cm below the knee will prevent a tourniquet effect from occurring.