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Can Curcumin slow down blood clotting?
Can Curcumin slow down blood clotting?
World Heart Day is observed on September 29 every year to increase awareness about heart diseases and related health issues. It also promotes preventive measures and lifestyle changes to avoid cardiovascular diseases.
Blood clotting is a necessary process. However, sometimes the blood clots too much, leading to health complications, which can even turn fatal. People suffering from certain medical conditions may also require blood-thinning drugs to reduce their risk of heart attack or stroke. Those with medical conditions like congenital heart defects may require blood-thinning medications to reduce their risk of heart attack or stroke. Curcumin, a compound found within turmeric, plays a pivotal role in slowing down blood clotting or thickening as the antioxidants in curcumin have been shown to attenuate adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity and may prevent diabetic cardiovascular complications. The antithrombotic, anti-proliferative, and anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin and the effect of curcumin in decreasing the serum cholesterol level may protect against the pathological changes occurring with atherosclerosis.
How curcumin can prevent heart ailments
According to a research titled 'Curcumin, the golden spice in treating cardiovascular diseases' these are some of the ways curcumin can help in preventing cardiovascular diseases:
1. Aortic Aneurysm: It is a potentially dangerous condition that can cause death in the case of dissection or rupture. Key events involved in the development of aortic aneurysm are chronic inflammation, destructive connective tissue remodelling and a loss of smooth muscle in the aortic wall. Curcumin treatment(100mg/kg/day for 14 days) can reduce the increase in aortic diameter, improve the structural integrity of medical elastin and suppress pro-inflammatory molecules expression by blocking the activation nuclear factor kappa B(nf-kb-1) and active protein(AP-1), states research.
2. Atherosclerosis: It is a chronic and progressive problem of arteries that derives from inflammatory responses, oxidative stress and lipid deregulation and epigenetic disorders. According to research, the occurrence of hyperlipidemia induces the increase and disposition of oxidized low-density lipoproteins in the subendothelial area which in turn favours the development of atherosclerosis. It has been evidenced that curcumin possesses hypolipidemic effects, which together with its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity, can contribute to reducing the incidence of atherosclerosis.
3. Cardiovascular complication of Diabetes: Diabetic cardiomyopathy is characterized by cardiac structural and functional damage including myocyte hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis and consequent heart failure, as per research. In STZ-induced diabetic rats, curcumin treatment (200 mg/kg/day, for 16 weeks) significantly reduced advanced glycation end products accumulation, inhibited myocardial dysfunction mainly by attenuating apoptosis and inflammation.
4. Myocardial infraction: It includes hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus. As an alternative and complementary medicine to enalapril, curcumin (50 mg/kg/day, for 6 weeks) offers synergistic action in increasing left ventricular fractional shortening and inhibiting perivascular fibrosis in MI rats, according to research. Moreover, curcumin could also inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis, fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition.
5. Stroke: It results from the vascular and microvascular disease which causes the interruption of cerebral blood supply and consequently brain dysfunction, states research. Inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress are major concerns in stroke, as per another research. Interestingly curcumin is a well-established agent which is involved in anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis and antioxidant.


text:
Medical Definition of egg
1: the hard-shelled reproductive body produced by a bird and especially by the common domestic chicken (Gallus gallus)
2: an animal reproductive body consisting of an ovum together with its nutritive and protective envelopes and having the capacity to develop into a new individual capable of independent existence
Seen and Heard
What made you want to look up egg? Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible).

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


DEA Quashes Medical Marijuana Reseach Project
 The U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration has rejected the decision of Administrative Law Judge Mary Ellen Bittner and blocked a medical marijuana research project at the University of Massachusetts Amherst — a project considered vital if marijuana is ever to be an FDA-approved medicine. The DEA's ruling, dated Jan. 7, was only released today.
 MPP and other supporters of research reacted with outrage. "It's no surprise that an administration that has rejected science again and again has, as one of its final acts, blocked a critical research project," said Aaron Houston, MPP's director of government relations. "With the new administration publicly committed to respecting scientific research and valuing data over dogma, this final act of desperation isn't surprising, but the true victims are the millions of patients who might benefit."
 Professor Lyle Craker had applied for permission to cultivate marijuana for use in medical research. At present, marijuana for research can only be obtained through the National Institute on Drug Abuse — a government monopoly that does not exist for any other Schedule I drug. Because NIDA's marijuana is of notoriously poor quality and has only been inconsistently available to researchers, scientists and advocates consider Dr. Craker's project essential to the advancement of medical marijuana research.
 The long and difficult process of seeking approval culminated on Feb. 12, 2007, in a ruling by Judge Bittner that Craker should be allowed to proceed. But such administrative law judge rulings are not binding on the DEA. In the nearly two years since the ruling, several small, pilot studies have shown marijuana to safely and effectively relieve nerve pain that afflicts millions suffering from HIV/AIDS, multiple sclerosis and other conditions, making more advanced research — including strains custom-tailored for various conditions, which was one of the goals of Craker and his colleagues — vital.
 "Once again, science has taken a back seat to ideology in the Bush administration, with research that could benefit millions needlessly stalled," Houston said. "They can delay progress, but they cannot stop it."
26 thoughts on "DEA Quashes Medical Marijuana Reseach Project"
 1. Hopefully Obama will hold true to his potential and change how government sees science. We've long stepped away from scientific progression outside of huge topics like cancer and AIDS. Marijuana has become that big of an issue thanks to prohibition. Everything about marijuana is completely and erroneously exaggerated in favor of bigotry. All any studies will ever tell you is that it makes people feel better, and certain people shouldn't be smoking the stuff, whether it's because of age, pregnancy, nursing, or an adverse reaction to marijuana's side effects, as is often seen in schizophrenics. The medical marijuana patients who are enjoying the benefits want their medicine. The DEA has no respect for an American's right to health freedom and privacy, and they promote bigotry in their war against the sick.
 2. And Jesus quoted Isaiah, "they have closed their eyes. Otherwise they might see, hear with their ears, understand with their hearts and turn, and I would heal them." Matthew 13:15
 What good does it do to learn? Why study things? ;-) They might actually learn they are WRONG!
 Some people insist on being stubborn to the end; it's like they demand that God himself tell them to their faces how wrong they are. And God will!
 3. Don't hold your breath on Obama. His new General Surgeon Dr. Gupta(sp?) stated himself that there is a marginal benefit to medical marijuana and marijuana itself is a harmful drug.
 4. Obama ain't going to change anything. I think he knows that cannabis is just a plant, but the economic effects of legalizing cannabis could cause major profit loss to two very powerful industries namely the pharmaceutical and the alcohol. I personally don't think the effect on the Alcohol biz would be all that great but if people could grow their own advil, tylonol, bayer, prozac and so on in there back yard some people would not be happy. They got their claws in him and they wont let go.
 5. The U.S. Government has been wrong about marijuana from the beginning, but their rationale seems to be that if they can only persist with their obfuscation and obstructionism long enough, it will somehow make them right. The whole concept of the so-called drug war, particularly as it applies to marijuana, defies logic.
 6. It's a shame that they continue to block efforts that are out to help people who are in pain and need. There is no doubt that they plant offers medicinal benefits and I'm saddened to be kept reminded that money is the root of all evil.
 7. we should start leaving the names and numbers of these crooked politicians that keep stifling progress, so we can *peacefully* call them (not something they understand, as they'll use force, usually unnecessary amounts, to get you to follow their ridiculous rules. Whats this a$$hole's name and number? time to stand up and say wussup.
 8. While this is dissappointing, and we know Obama is not going to be our legalization saviour, there is hope. The states are making slow and steady progress at passing their own decriminalization laws. At some time in the future we will hit the tipping point of where mass state laws will force their federal representatives to begin initiating federal legalization. Also Obama might not be openly pushing legalization, but i bet his policies on studying it will be far more liberal that the last 30 years.
 9. I'm afraid I have to agree with #9, the guy's assessment of Gupta.
 Unfortunately the the massive media companies have become pawns of massive corporations via their advertising. Totally crooked and un-objective. Yet, VERY newsworthy, but not something they would ever run an expose on.
 Gupta seems to have been steeped in this, being so exposed to it at CNN.* (But of course some of us already think many doctors are steeped in it during their entire training, and subsequent practicing.)
 Samuel in #10, as well, states a thought that has often crossed my mind. But not only with regard to big pharma, but also the energy industry. If someone were to discover a great, and safe, energy resource that everyone could use in their own homes, AND have enough left over to sell back to the grid, I bet the massive energy companies would try to sue it out of existence or try to claim they have a patent on it already. Or poison people's minds in to not using it claiming it was the next evil, and huge slander. (The telcos have a track record of doing this with regard to murdering citizen initiated wireless networks for the benefit of society.)
 As far as I'm concerned the big pharma companies are just like those people they hate, the people at the source of the hard drug dealing. They both take something God made, then refine a certain part of it, and turn it in to white powder.
 Then it also seems the DEA is also like the people they despise. They invade other countries, set up shop, corrupt the government to go along with them based on money. They both engage in terror tactics, kicking in doors, threatening and killing people with then going unpunished (in this lifetime), etc…
 Ding…this just in… here is yet another news item about how corruption due to the illegal laws against drugs are ruining society…
 (Frankly I'm kind of surprised to see it on Yahoo/AP since they seem to only publish white-flour and sugar articles.)
 *I've consulted for a newspaper and heard similar comments. Sorry to say but the main focus was not on informing readers, but on placating advertisers.
 10. Ooops, of course I meant to type:
 "They both engage in terror tactics, kicking in doors, threatening and killing people and going unpunished (in this lifetime), etc…"
 11. Wow, I must have missed that part of Constitutional Law that says the 4th branch of government is the anti-marijuana lobby.
 Thank god newspapers and books are d ying once the paper mills go out of business there won't be as many lobby's fighting against research.
 12. lol!silly fools,you forgot all the drug money gettin' pimp outta cvs!you cannot patent a plant.for christ sake it would also stop the logging,construction companies, big oil,etc cold.think of it..revolutionizing the future around one plant.
 13. Dear Masterweedom, It's not entirely clear to me what you are saying. But rest assured when I wrote that companies are patenting plants, I am not lying. I searched through Bill Moyers' site since I could have sworn it was he who brought it to my attention, but could not find what I thought I saw. I could have sworn he interviewed an Indian woman who rose up against a big US company that had claimed a patent on a certain strain of rice that had been widely in use for ages, and was threatening Indian farmers, but I could not find it quickly. So instead here are some links for you to read:
 Also check out this transcript, search for the second occurrence of "Predator State" and read that paragraph and the ones following it.
 I agree it makes as much sense to patent a plant as to outlaw a plant with so many great uses like marijuana.
 And in case you haven't seen the episode of Bill Moyers discussing big pharma's advertising, just take a look at this podcast:
 Melody Peteren 2008-05-


Meta Battle Subway PokeBase - Pokemon Q&A
What is the origin of Arceus' name?
2 votes
I know arc as in High
asked Apr 21, 2011 by Ike,Lloyd Irving
good question
1 Answer
1 vote
Best answer
Arceus's name may come from the words arch (highest) and deus, which is Latin for god. It may also have a root in the Latin word arcanus, which means secret; sacred mystery. Arceus's name may also come from the word archaic (ancient), which comes from the Greek arkhaios, and is derived from the ancient Greek word for "beginning", arkhē. It could have also come from the Latin word archetypus (original). Alternatively, Arceus's name can be seen as a portmanteau of Zeus, the most powerful of Greek gods and arch (highest). Another theory may be the combination of Zeus and Ra spelled backwards (Zeus being the king of gods and Ra being the solar god and creator, albeit in different pantheons). Those two qualities are shared by the Pokémon. Also, Arceus can also be derived from aureus (golden), possibly referring to its hooves and wheel. Nevertheless, Arceus's name origin and possible theories have led fans to believe that Arceus may be in fact a creator deity in Pokémon form. Arceus's name is pronounced with a soft "c" (or "s" sound) by the announcer in Pokémon Battle Revolution; in keeping with its probable name origin, it is pronounced with a hard "c" (or "k" sound) in television commercials and in Arceus and the Jewel of Life. Its name could also come from arc, as in round/ring, since it's surrounded by one.
-From Bulbapedia
answered Apr 21, 2011 by trachy
Thanks for not plagurizing trachy amessage from the foundation for a beter life pass it on
Proper grammar makes for a better life too. ;)
Wrong Arceus is the false japanese god of pokemon
In alchemy, Archeus, or archaeus, is a term used generally to refer to the lowest and most dense aspect of the astral plane which presides over the growth and continuation of all living beings. I'm guessing that they just used a bit of Latin, changed it up, and tied it in a bit more. It's an etyomology SF, so there's no way to tell which one is absolutely right. Besides, it's just a game.
it also may have something to do with the greek word αρχαίο(archeo) which mean ancient.


Advent Calendar of Castles: 7th of December: Helmsley Castle
helmsley3helmsley-2helmsley1The original castle at Helmsley was built in the early 12th century by Walter Espec who also founded the spectacular Rievaulx abbey which you can see nearby. The original castle would have most likely been a wooden and earth structure. It was built in stone later in the 12th century, and the de Roos family modernised it. The earth works you see today date largely from the original castle and are unusual in that they are surviving medieval ring works, as in they literally ring the castle and continue to do so today.
The exceptionally tall east tower was built by Robert de Roos at the end of the 12th century, although it was added to in the 14th century to make it taller and more of a status symbol. Also in the 14th century the rooms on the first floor were probably converted into a private chamber, possibly for the use of the visiting Edward III. The castle passed briefly into the hands of Richard III, when he was Duke of Gloucester, when the de Roos family sold it to him in 1478. When he died at Bosworth in 1485 Henry VII gave it back to the de Roos.
Helmsley faced its greatest challenge during the civil war when it was held for King Charles and endured a three month siege. Ultimately Crowell's men were victorious and they blew up the east tower, literately splitting it in half. This is the state it remains in today. The east tower is only part of the castle as more domestic buildings have been added as the years went past.
The castle came into the hands of the Duncombe family and they lived there until the 18th century when they abandoned it. During the 18th and 19th century they used the remaining buildings for a manor court and social functions, including renting part of it to the local lawn tennis club. The castle came into the hands of the State in 1915.
Site visit 2012
The photos are all mine
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text:
Australian Bureau of Statistics
1307.6 - Tasmanian State and Regional Indicators, Mar 2010
Previous ISSUE Released at 11:30 AM (CANBERRA TIME) 29/04/2010
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HEALTH RISK BEHAVIOURS
The 2007–08 National Health Survey (NHS) found that Tasmanians continue to exhibit a number of health risk factors, relating to diet, alcohol consumption, body mass index (BMI), exercise level, and smoking status.
In 2007-08 approximately 73% of Tasmanians aged 18 years and over reported sedentary or low level exercise levels. In the population aged 65 years and over, sedentary or had low exercise levels was greater at 78%.
Around 64% of Tasmanians measured were found to be overweight or obese as determined by the body mass index (BMI) measure.
In 2007–08, 25% of Tasmanians aged 18 years and over reported that they were current smokers, while a further 30% reported that they were
ex-smokers, and 45% reported that they had never smoked.
The 2007–08 NHS found that 48% of Tasmanians aged 18 years and over reported low risk alcohol consumption while a further 13% of Tasmanians reported risky or high risk consumption ( i.e. more than 50 mL average daily consumption of alcohol for males and more than 25 mL for females).
The bulk of the Tasmanian adult population (79%) in 2007-08, aged 18 years and over, ate 4 serves or less of vegetables per day. At the same time 80% of the Tasmanian population aged 18–64 years and 75% of the Tasmanian population aged 65 years and over consumed 4 serves or less vegetables per day. Under half (44%) of people aged 18–64 years reported that they ate 1 or less serves of fruit per day, while 36% of those aged 65 years and over indicated this to be the case.
MENTAL AND BEHAVIOURAL PROBLEMS
The 2007–08 NHS found that 11% of the Tasmanian population reported having a long term mental or behavioural problem that was identified by a medical professional. To complement this information, the NHS also collected information on mental health from adults using the Kessler 10 scale (K10), a 10 item scale of psychological distress. Over two-thirds (257,000 persons, or 70%) of Tasmanians experienced low levels of psychological distress, while 68,200 or 19% of the total of the Tasmanian population reported moderate levels of distress. About 11% (40,300 persons) reported high/very high levels of psychological distress, levels that possibly indicate a need for professional help. Of those reporting high/very high levels of distress, people aged 45-64 years accounted for 44%, followed by those aged 25-44 years (24%).
SELECTED LONG TERM CONDITIONS
In 2007–08, the most prevalent of the selected long term conditions suffered by Tasmanians were long sightedness (124,100), short sightedness (110,000), and arthritis (96,500).
Over half of Tasmanians aged 65 years and over suffered from long sightedness (54%) and arthritis (53%) while just under half of this age group reported suffering hypertensive disease (47%). In 2007-08 14% of all Tasmanians aged 65 years and over, reported suffering diabetes mellitus/high sugar levels in blood/urine.
The 2007-08 NHS found that around 46% of Tasmanians aged 18 years and over reported some form of disability. A disability or restrictive long term health condition exists if a limitation, restriction, impairment, disease or disorder, has lasted, or is expected to last for six months or more, and which restricts everyday activities. There was little difference in the percentage of males and females with a disability (around 47% and 45% respectively).
SELECTED PRESCRIBED MEDICATION
The rates of Tasmanians taking medications covered in the general schedule under the Prescribed Benefits Scheme (PBS) in 2008–09 were highest for cholesterol-lowering medications such as atorvastatin and simvastatin. The Tasmanian rate for taking atorvastatin (414 per 1,000 persons) was lower than the Australian rate (477 per 1,000 persons) while the Tasmanian rate for taking simvastatin (291 per 1,000 persons) was higher than the Australian rate (222 per 1,000 persons). Overall the rates of Tasmanians taking PBS medications in 2008-09 were higher than the rates of Australians taking those medications, reflecting Tasmania's older population.
To be fully immunised means that children should have received the full schedule of vaccinations appropriate to their age, as determined by the National Immunisation Program. As at June 2009, data from the Australian Childhood Immunisation Register revealed that 90.3% of Tasmanian children aged 12 months to less than 15 months were fully vaccinated, compared with 91.3% for Australia. Rates for children aged 24 months to less than 27 months were higher (93.0% for Tasmania and 92.9% for Australia respectively), while rates for children aged 60 months to less than 63 months were lower (78.6% for Tasmania and 82.4% for Australia respectively).
CAUSES OF DEATH
In 2007 the main causes of death in Tasmania included diseases of the circulatory system (1,414 registered deaths), particularly ischaemic heart disease (679 deaths). The second main cause of death was malignant neoplasms (cancers), with 1,200 registered deaths. Diseases of the circulatory system accounted for over one third (34.2%) of all deaths in Tasmania in 2007, while malignant neoplasms accounted for a further 29.0%.
The standardised death rates for most causes of death have fallen between 1997 and 2007, with the largest decline for deaths caused by diseases of the circulatory system (down from 400.8 deaths per 100,000 to 228.9 deaths per 100,000). The standardised death rates for diabetes mellitus have increased over the same period (up from 22.7 deaths per 100,000 to 23.4 deaths per 100,000), as have deaths caused by mental and behavioural disorders (up from 15.9 deaths per 100,000 population to 27.5 deaths per 100,000).
SELECTED HEALTH OCCUPATIONS
The 2006 Census of Population and Housing revealed that there were 5,628 nurses in Tasmania, with 90.1% of them being female. The Greater Hobart and Southern Statistical Divisions (SDs) had 53.0% of the state's nursing population, while Northern SD had 29.0%, and Mersey-Lyell SD had 18.0%. To relate this to the distribution of the State's population, there were 12.7 nurses per thousand people in the Greater Hobart and Southern SDs, 12.2 in the Northern SD and 9.5 in Mersey-Lyell SD.
There were 845 general medical practitioners (GPs) in Tasmania. Some 57.5% of GPs in the state were located in the Greater Hobart and Southern SDs, while a further 27.2% of GPs were located in Northern SD, and the other 15.3% of GPs were located in Mersey-Lyell SD. This equated to a rate of 2.1 GPs per thousand people in the Greater Hobart and Southern SDs, 1.7 in the Northern SD and 1.2 in Mersey-Lyell.
Dental practitioners totalled 134 in Tasmania, with 59.7% located in the Greater Hobart and Southern SDs, 23.9% located in Northern SD, and a further 16.4% located in Mersey-Lyell SD. The rate per thousand was 0.3 in Greater Hobart and Southern SDs, 0.2 in the Northern SD and 0.2 in Mersey-Lyell.
Australian Demographic Statistics (ABS cat. no. 3101.0)
Causes of Death, Australia (ABS cat. no. 3303.0)
Census of Population and Housing, ABS, 2006. Data available on request.
Involvement in Organised Sport and Physical Activity, Australia (ABS cat. no. 6285.0)
Medicare Australia, Australian Childhood Immunisation Register statistics, Pharmaceutical Benefits Schedule Item Reports (Copyright, Commonwealth of Australia, 2009)
National Health Survey: Summary of Results, 2007-08 (ABS cat. no. 4364.0)
National Health Survey: Summary of Results; State Tables, 2007-08 (ABS cat. no. 4362.0)
Further information can also be found on the Health Statistics Theme Page and the Census Statistics Theme Page on the ABS website.
These documents will be presented in a new window.
This page last updated 28 July 2010

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text: It's an interesting question, however... one of the stones is going to reach Eevee first resulting in evolution before the other stones can influence it. Unless you somehow find a way to make the electrons (smallest part of an atom) of all three stones touch Eevee at the EXACT same time. If it did happen though, well fire and water makes steam. Now what does steam and electricity make? Not sure, but I assume it would be a strange energy that could be associated with psychic types and thus Espeon would be the result. Unless somebody here knows what happens when you combine steam and electricity?


Skip to main content
Office of Consumer Protection
Commission on Common Ownership Communities
Tips on Filing a Complaint with the Office of Common Ownership Communities
 1. Verify names, addresses, phone numbers before filing:
 1. Associations should verify the homeowner's correct mailing address by checking the county tax records online at the Finance Department's website at and should give phone numbers for the homeowner if known.
 2. Associations should list all owners of the property involved as Respondents to the complaint.
 3. Homeowner or unit owners should list the name, address and phone of the board president or of the managing agent.
 4. Give email addresses, if known.
 1. Summarize the complaint in the form and give details in an attachment.
 1. The attachment should describe the problem chronologically, giving dates in order, and should refer to the appropriate documents in order.
 1. Attach the appropriate documents, highlighting the part relied upon. Attach photographs whenever relevant. You must attach a complete copy of the governing documents. Please avoid staples, binders, and the like.
 1. Pay special attention to showing in the complaint that:
 1. the complaint involves an action (or failure to act) of the Board of Directors
 2. the party filing the complaint has followed whatever dispute resolution procedure the homeowner association has adopted, before filing the complaint. (In other words, show that the party complaining has "exhausted all remedies provided for in the Association documents". This is required by County law.)
For example: An HOA wants to complain about a homeowner's violation of the architectural rule. The HOA should:
 - Narrate clearly and concisely the history of the problem;
 - Attach a copy of the specific rule violated;
 - Attach a photo of the problem;
 - Attach copies of all written notices given to the homeowner about the problem;
 - Attach a copy the specific HOA rules for dealing with such problems, to show that it followed its rules and exhausted its remedies.
Remember, if the dispute must go to a hearing, the Complaint and its attachments are the very first thing the hearing panel will read. Make sure they can understand it easily.
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How it works - Basic
~ Single Pinhole ~
Fundamental Law: Light travels in a straight line
A candle emitting light behaves in this way:
Tracing out some of the light rays illustrates this point
Adding a light tight box blocks light from entering box
If we add a small hole at the center, some light can enter
We can trace light reflecting off of the rest of the candle in the same way
And form an image of the candle upsided down at the back of the box
If we now add film at the back of the box, a cap at the hole to control when light enters the box and exposes the light sensitive film, we have a camera.
That's it. This is a basic pinhole camera and all that is needed to make images.
The rest is refinement to a specific end.


text:
Female diksa guru: how to solve this complicated discussion?
The discussion about if qualified ladies should also be allowed to initiate disciples is still going strong inside our movement. Both sides have plenty of arguments to sustain their conclusions and therefore the discussion can go on eternally. Although there are still no confirmed deaths, it seems that it's just a matter of time...
What makes this discussion so complicated is because it has two sides: the philosophical and the cultural side. If we fail to separate these two sides, the arguments will interpolate and it will be practically impossible to reach a conclusion. In fact, it becomes difficult even to understand where the disagreement is! When this happens, people become exalted, the offenses start and the material modes overcome us.
The first is the philosophical side, if ladies giving diksa are allowed or not, according to our vaishnava philosophy. In this part of the discussion, two questions should to be answered:
1- According to vaishnava philosophy, could, hypothetically, a qualified lady initiate disciples?
2- In case of an affirmative answer, what would be the necessary qualifications?
The important part about this first part of the argument is that it must be conducted solely on a philosophical basis. The point is not about if a certain person could be allowed to initiate or not, but if a vaishnavi guru is an idea acceptable or not according to vaishnava philosophy and according to the instructions left by Srila Prabhupada.
If the conclusion of the first part is that qualified ladies could initiate, the second part of the argument could start.
The second part should answer the following question:
3- Considering all cultural, psychological, political and practical aspects, as well as the pros and cons, should qualified ladies be allowed to initiate in ISKCON?
We can see that the second part is actually more complicated than the first, because it includes different practical aspects of the question and also a discussion of the pros and cons. However, if the philosophical side is already agreed upon on the first part, the discussion becomes more streamlined and less vicious. Here, no quotes from sastra are needed: the discussion can be focussed on practical points. Here, questions like a possible negative reaction from indian society and from members of other vaishnava sampradayas, cultural aspects, resistance from sectors of our society, as well as potential risks and benefits could be separately discussed. The conclusion could be to allow hypothetical qualified ladies to initiate, or not.
We can see that it is perfectly possible that an agreement could be reached on the sastric possibility of a qualified lady accepting disciples, but at the same time be concluded that the risks of implementing this inside of our society outweigh the benefits. Maybe it's too soon, maybe it would not be positive for our families, maybe it would be too dangerous, and so on.
Only if the second part of the argument would also result in a positive answer to the question, individual cases of ladies that could potentially fill the role could be discussed. Then, all the arguments related to the suitability of particular candidates could be examined, without mixing with other aspects of the discussion. It could be that in the end no candidates would show the necessary qualifications for such an important role, which would also conclude the discussion.


text:
Proxy auto config (PAC) is a feature accepted by all modern browsers, according to Fabio Assolini, a lab expert at Kaspersky. It contains a function to redirect browsers to a specific proxy server. A proxy server is a computer that accesses the Internet on a computer user's behalf, and feeds it the results. Proxy servers are often used by systems administrators as a gateway between an organization's computers and the Internet, and PAC files are set on client machines so that they always access the Internet through a protected gateway.
"Unfortunately this simple and smart proxy technique is being largely used by Brazilian malware writers to redirect infected users to malicious hosts serving phishing pages of financial institutions," Assolini said. "After being infected by a Trojan banker, if a user tries to access some of the websites listed in the script, they will be redirected to a phishing domain hosted at the malicious proxy server."
Even browsers designed securely from the bottom up, such as Google's Chrome, are susceptible to this attack, which changes the file prefs.js to insert a malicious proxy before adding a malicious dynamic link library to always rewrite the proxy, if it is removed.
This attack is an interesting variation on a more conventional redirection attack involving the Windows Hosts file. This is a plain text file containing a list of Domain Name System lookups, which a Windows computer will refer to first, before trying to resolve a domain name using an external server. Malware that alters DNS entries in a Hosts file instructs a Windows computer to visit any malicious IP address that the attacker wants when the user types in a legitimate web address, such as one for an online bank, for example.


Name shadowing in VHDL
Posted on 2015-01-26 by Philippe Faes
Like many other languages, it is possible in VHDL to perform name scoping. This happens if you declare a new object in a nested scope that reuses the name of an object that was already declared. This is not an error in VHDL, but it can be confusing and it can cause errors. In general, I would advice against name scoping unless you have a very good reason. Even then, it would be best if you document (comment) your code so that everybody understands what is going on.
This is a straightforward example of name shadowing:
entity e0 is
end entity e0;
architecture demo of e0 is
 constant c : integer := 1;
 assert c = 1;
 myblock : block
 constant c : integer := 2;
 assert c = 2 report "the second declaration of constant c shadows the first";
 end block myblock;
 assert c = 1 report "this is the scope of the first declaration again";
end architecture demo;
It gets more confusing if you shadow names from the a standardized package:
architecture demo2 of e0 is
 constant true : boolean := false; -- shadowing the name "true". Bad idea!
 assert false = true;
end architecture demo;
A common misconception is that loop iterators need to be declared beforehand. They don't, because they are declared implicitly in the loop statement.
architecture demo4 of e0 is
 process is
 variable i: integer := 1;
 assert i = 1;
 i := 5;
 assert i = 5;
 for i in 0 to 10 loop -- this is a different object, shadowing the variable i
 report integer'image(i);
 -- i behaves like a constant here
 i := i+1; -- error! cannot assign to constants!
 end loop;
 assert i = 5; -- this is still the variable, declared in the process
 i := i+1;
 assert i = 6;
 end process ;
end architecture;
Note: you can reach these shadowed names by using their expanded names:
entity fun is
end entity;
architecture hide of fun is
 example : process is
 variable x : integer := 0;
 procedure changevar (x : integer) is
 hide.example.x := x; -- or example.x
 end procedure;
 report "x=" & integer'image(x);
 end process;
end architecture;
VSIM 1> run -all
# ** Note: x=5
# Time: 0 ns Iteration: 0 Instance: /fun
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text:
How to Prevent Kitchen Burns
Kitchen burns can happen very easily — while taking a hot pan from the oven or draining boiled pasta, for example. Prevent kitchen burns by making these safety precautions a habit:
Always use oven mitts when taking things out of the oven or removing things from the stove. Protective mitten types are good for taking things out of the oven because they protect the back of your hands, too.
Never touch the stovetop with your bare hand. You may not know whether the burners are still hot.
Stand back from a hot pan when you remove the lid. You don't want to get steam burns
Be very careful when draining hot pasta or pouring hot liquids like soup from a pot into a bowl. A splatter of boiling water, hot soup, or hot oil can burn you.
Never mix hot liquids in a blender. They can explode out of the blender container, even with the lid on.
Stand back from hot grease and boiling liquids, including water. These liquids can spatter and burn you, so keep your distance and wear long sleeves.
Keep pot handles turned inward. If the handles point out over the edge of the stove, someone could bump them and send a pan full of hot food flying.


Is My Pet Rat Blind? All You Need To Know (+ Rat Blindness Tests)
Is My Pet Rat Blind? A question often asked by pet rat owners. But if so, how can you determine that? The good news is that there are two reliable ways of finding out if your rat is blind or not, and we will discuss them in a moment, including caring for your rat if they are going blind.
Is my pet rat blind? To determine if your rat is blind, you can conduct a finger test. You can carry out the test when they're focused on something else or in front of their cage. Keep reading to learn about how both tests can be conducted safely. However, the most reliable way to know if your rat is blind is by consulting a vet.
Before we dive into the tests, we must understand how the eyesight of a rat works and what may lead to blindness in rats, then we'll take a look at measures you can adopt if your pet rat is going blind.
Rats do not have good eyesight
Unlike most animals, rats do not have the brightest vision. They lack what is known as 20/20 vision. Therefore, their vision of the world is blurred and hazy.
Since their vision is not optimized to see beyond a few feet, they may not recognize your presence by sight if you're at extreme ends of a big room. However, this is not an indication that their blind but a limitation of their vision.
With that said, you may wonder why they're able to detect your presence when you open the door or make a loud sound. The reason is that they have a heightened sense of hearing, not that they suddenly recovered their vision.
A commonly underlooked fact is that rats are nocturnal animals. Even at close range, they still do not have the best vision. Therefore, before you fret about your pet rat going blind, you must remember that rats do not depend entirely on their vision.
Rats are color blind
Rats do not experience the full range of light frequency, but they can detect ultraviolet light invisible to the human eye.
A rat's vision is black and white mostly, typically with a touch of other colors and most prominently grey. Therefore, a color-based test will fall short of determining a rat's blindness, regardless of how perfect their vision seems to be
Can Rats Go Blind?
Yes, rats can go blind. Compared to other animals, rats may have a higher propensity to go blind since they are not born with excellent vision. There are myths linked to blindness in rats, with an impeccable degree of truth to them. However, the primary cause of rat blindness is poor vision.
Does The Color of a Rat's Eye Matter?
Yes, the color of a rat's eyes matters when it comes to blindness. Rats that do not have red or pink eyes are known to have better vision than those that do. Also, those with red eyes tend to respond quickly to any form of light than their peers do.
Rats with pink and red eyes are said to have a shallow depth of field. Depth of field is a term used in photography to describe the area in view which is in focus.
If you have ever paid close attention to red-eyed rats, you may notice how frequently they shift their heads. The reason for this behavior is so that they can gain focus on objects not present in their limited depth of field. Many believe that the limited vision is the secret behind the red-eyed rat's enhanced nocturnal capabilities.
Sadly, that's far from the truth. It is impossible to see without light, and the red-eyed rats are no exception, especially in low-light areas.
Albino Rats And Blindness
Albino rats have poor vision in low light conditions due to their pink eyes. So we can say their vision is a lot worse than their peers.
According to science, rats with red or pink eyes cannot develop the same number of rod-shaped receptors compared to their peers due to the absence of melanin in their eyes. The cells that develop into the rod-shaped receptors require melanin for development
Since melanin is absent, about 1/3 of their rod cells are malformed, leaving the albino rat with poor vision.
It is sad that albino rats become disabled a few weeks after birth and may not even make it to maturity without going blind or almost blind.
Pink + Red-Eyed Rats Can Suffer From Light Exposure
Determining a pet rat's sensitivity to light may be a cruel experiment. However, we can safely infer that rodents with light-colored eyes will have a hard time exposed to bright light or sunlight because it could damage their fragile eyes.
You can help them by :
 - Placing their cage as far away from bright light as you possibly can.
 - Close the curtains to limit light rays from the sun unless it is a rainy day.
 - A window panel with a darkening effect would be perfect since you can move them around if your rats are constantly changing spaces.
What Else Can Make A Rat Go Blind?
Rats are like humans, so they can go blind for so many reasons. Some of the reasons include:
 - Poor Diet
 - Sickness
 - Congenital Blindness
 - Genetics
Eye infections can also lead to blindness in pet rats. If you notice any changes in their eyes, such as bulging, swelling, or inflammation of surrounding tissue, seek help immediately. Failure to do so may lead to blindness.
Rats can also lose their sight due to play fights. Because of their sharp claws, they may injure one another in the eye, leading to blindness.
 Though you may not be able to protect your pet rat from all the dangers that can lead to blindness, you certainly can ensure that their diet is in check. You may also adopt the use of vitamins made for rats.
Will My Pet Rat See Better At Night?
Rats are nocturnal creatures, but these little rodents are more optimized for smell and hearing than they are seeing. Not that these creatures do not see at night, they just are not visually inclined.
In the wild, they're more likely to flee predators by the sounds they make as they draw closer. Because fewer predators move around at night, it makes sense for them to hunt in the dark.
How To Tell If Your Rat Is Going Blind?
To know if your pet rat is blind, you can try one of these tests. However, nothing beats the services provided by a trained vet because there is no home kit designed to serve this purpose.
Let's get to the tests:
 1. The finger test. To perform the finger test, make sure you wash your hands thoroughly. If you do not wash your hands thoroughly, they may likely respond to the smell of food instead of the sight of your finger. After washing, hold your fingers 3 inches away from the edge of their cage while moving back and forth, staying within their field of vision. The goal here is to see if they can keep track of your moving fingers. If they fail to do so, repeat the test a few more times to rule out blindness. In some cases, rats are just not willing to participate in the tests.
 2. The sneaky finger test. If your rat continues to shake its head in a manner depicting focus, raise your fingers to their side but without making noise. If your pet rat doesn't detect it immediately – chances are, your rat may be going blind.
What To Do If Your Rat Is Blind?
Unlike humans, rats capable of living happily with blindness, but you have a role to play. Ensure not to change their space too often or move things around their cage, as doing this can lead to confusion and distress, which may take them longer to do things their sighted peers would easier.
Final Thoughts
Is my pet rat blind? You got the answer: In summary, there are two ways to know if your pet rat is going blind, you can try the finger test or the sneaky finger test. All of which can or may not be effective in some cases. However, it is refreshing to know that a blind rat can live a long and happy life so long as you are there to support them. If you are still worried your pet rat may be going blind, talk to a vet right away.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I'm taking an algorithm course at the university, and for one of my projects I want to implement a red-black tree in C# (the implementation itself isn't the project, yet just something i decided to choose to help me out).
My red-black tree should hold string keys, and the object i created for each node looks like this :
class sRbTreeNode
 public sRbTreeNode Parent = null;
 public sRbTreeNode Right = null;
 public sRbTreeNode Left = null;
 public String Color;
 public String Key;
 public sRbTreeNode()
 public sRbTreeNode(String key)
 Key = key;
I already added some basic methods for printing the tree, finding the root, min/max key (by alphabet), etc...
I'm having trouble inserting nodes (hence, building the tree). Whoever's familiar with red-black trees knows that when adding a node to one side, you could have changed the balance of the tree. To fix this, you need to "rotate" around nodes on the tree in order to balance the tree out.
I wrote a RightRotate and LeftRotate method in pseudo-code, and then when i tried to implement it in C#, i ran into a bunch of reference problems with the sRbTreeNode object i created.
This is the pseudo-code I wrote for the LeftRotate method :
LeftRotate(root, node)
 y <- node.Right;
 node.Right <- y.Left;
 if (y.Left!= null)
 y.Left.Parent <- node;
 y.Parent <- node.Parent;
 if (node.Parent = null)
 root <- y;
 if (node = node.Parent.Left)
 node.Parent.Left = y;
 node.Parent.Right = y;
 y.Left <- node;
 node.Parent <- y
I received a suggestion to implement it straight forward, but without using the'ref' keyword, which i tried at first. This is how i did it :
public static void LeftRotate(sRbTreeNode root, sRbTreeNode node)
 sRbTreeNode y = node.Right;
 node.Right = y.Left;
 if (y.Left!= null)
 y.Left.Parent = node;
 y.Parent = node.Parent;
 if (node.Parent == null)
 root = y;
 if (node == node.Parent.Left)
 node.Parent.Left = y;
 node.Parent.Right = y;
 y.Left = node;
 node.Parent = y;
Now, when i debug, i see that it works fine, but the objects i pass to this method are only rotated within the scope of the method. When it leaves this method, it seems like there was no change to the actual nodes. That is why i thought of using the'ref' keywords in the first place.
What am i doing wrong?
share|improve this question
As Andras says, show us the code so far and we'll give it a shot. – C. Ross Feb 12 '10 at 13:20
add comment
3 Answers
up vote 2 down vote accepted
Because in the body of your method you do this:
root = y;
you need to pass root in with a ref modifier. node doesn't need one, becausenode itself is never updated to point at a different ndoe..
share|improve this answer
Just tried it, and it finally works!! I can't believe it was that easy, and i didn't realize that!... Thanks a lot! – gillyb Feb 12 '10 at 14:39
add comment
I don't see why you should have had any issues with references - the Left/Right/Parent nodes can be copied just as in this pseudo-code.
You should be able to expand it to C# without too much fuss - unless you're using the'ref' keyword, in which case you could very well get unpredictable results.
Perhaps if you could show the code you've actually written thus far, and we can help debug that.
share|improve this answer
Well, i was trying to use the ref keyword, and i thought that was the right way to do it... I'll try without using ref, and see how it goes, Thanks. – gillyb Feb 12 '10 at 13:24
I just edited the question with the code i tried so far, maybe it will help you help me, since it doesn't fully work, I explained why in the edited question above. – gillyb Feb 12 '10 at 14:27
Well - there you go - _USER_ sorted it for you! – Andras Zoltan Feb 12 '10 at 14:41
add comment
My recommendations:
 - Do not include parent pointers. They are not essential for the insertion or deletion algorithms and will make your code more complex. For example LeftRotate can be written with just one parameter and will be about half as long if you do not use parent pointers.
 - Use an enum for the Color property rather than a string, and initialise it in the constructor.
 - Read this article if you haven't already.
share|improve this answer
I need the parent pointers for something else that has to do with the structure. This will make it much faster to travel along the tree. – gillyb Feb 12 '10 at 13:21
Even if you do need them, it might be easier to implement the algorithms without them first and add them in later. – finnw Feb 12 '10 at 13:43
add comment
Your Answer


text:
Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
- n. The act of engrossing the possession or control of goods for sale; specifically, in old English law, the buying or contracting for any merchandise or provisions coming in the way to market, or before market-hours, or dissuading persons from bringing their goods or provisions to that market, or persuading them to enhance the price there: it was formerly a punishable offense.
- v. present participle of forestall.
- n. the act of preventing something by anticipating and disposing of it effectively
"AFAIK, some states have such a system set up for pools of lawyers to defend indigents and/or capital cases (where the state has an interest in forestalling "ineffective counsel" appeals and wants to ensure that suitably qualified lawyers are onboard)."
"The Academy succeeded in forestalling labor unrest for five years, but when the studio executives used the occasion of Roosevelt's bank holiday in 1933 to cut screenwriters'salaries (though not their own), the writers rebelled."
"These local magistrates cum merchants therefore had a vested interest in forestalling the equation between plebeian female respectability and the private sphere."
"When the powers at Vienna, in 1815, were rearranging the map of Europe they had joined Belgium with Holland as the kingdom of the Netherlands, with the idea of forestalling any further advance of France in that quarter."
"It was thought wrong for anyone to purchase goods outside of the regular market ( "forestalling") or to purchase them in larger quantities than necessary ( "engrossing")."
"Prevent,' now used in the sense of 'hinder,' seems in this line to have something of its older meaning, viz., to anticipate (in which case 'forestalling' would be proleptic)."
"Such moves, he said, could further provoke Russia at a time when the U.S. needs help from Moscow on other more pressing matters such as forestalling the nuclear ambitions of Iran and North Korea."
"Such moves, he said, could further provoke Russia at a time when the United States needs help from Moscow on other more pressing matters such as forestalling the nuclear ambitions of Iran and North Korea."
"Romantic indecision often annoys me, especially when the fulcrum of the triangle is merely forestalling a difficult but inevitable choice."
"The Libya intervention was extremely unpopular in Russia, where it was seen as neo-imperialism, and forestalling American and European meddling in Syria might make Putin look strong at home."
'forestalling' hasn't been added to any lists yet.
Looking for tweets for forestalling.


text:
How life changed during war
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The aftermath of the London blitz (Photo: New York Times Paris Bureau Collection)
For many people the war meant considerable change from their usual daily routine. Many men, and a considerable number of women, went away to war. They saw their families only ocassionally and for those captured whilst on active service there was the possibility that they would not see their families for up to 3 or 4 years. Some men were away from home for such a long time that their families did not recognise them when they came home.
For the people in Britain life also changed greatly. Many women found themselves called up to help the war effort by working in factories or as part of the Land Army which helped keep the farms working and productive. Some people worked in what were known as 'essential occupations'. These were people who were not asked to join the armed forces becasue the work they did was so important to the country. Some of the 'essential occupations' were shipbuilders, firemen, welders, ambulance drivers, some farmers, miners, railway workers and those that worked in the gas, water and electricity supply industry.
Many everyday aspects of life in Britain changed as well. Many everyday foods were in very short supply and so they were rationed. Other foods, such as oranges and lemons, disappeared from the shops altogether and some children were 8 or 9 years old when they saw their first banana.
Clothes were rationed too and so many people got used to making do and mending the clothes they had rather than buying any new items of clothing.
Phyllis talks about how people seemed to be very united during the war, always willing to help each other out and generally keeping a helpful eye on each other, especially if members of the...


text:
| < September >
|Normal Max/ High Temperature
|Min/ Low Temperature
|Number of Wet Days (probability of rain on a day)
|Average Sunlight per day
|Average Daylight per day
|Sunny (Cloudy) Daylight Hours
|Sun altitude at solar noon on the 21st day.
- The average temperature in Bergen in September is quite mild at 12.5 °C (54.5 °F).
- Afternoons can be mild with average high temperatures reaching 15 °C (59 °F).
- Overnight temperatures are generally quite mild with an average low of 10 °C (50 °F).
- The range/ variation of daily mean temperatures in September is 5 °C (9 °F).
- The weather in September is quite sopping with rain more often than not. A sizable 228mm (9in) of fluid is discharged across an average of 21 days.
- The skies in Bergen are dull with an average of merely 3:19 of magnificent sunshine per day.
- The shortest day is 11:31 long and the longest day is 14:15 long with an average length of 12:53.
- There are approximately 9:11 per day when bright sunshine is absent due to cloud, haze or the sun being too low on the horizon to register.
- It is sunny approximately 26.6% of daylight hours and cloudy 73.4% of daylight hours.
Check the distance to and compare the Bergen September averages with somewhere beginning with:
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | All
Weather Trend Graph for September in Bergen, Norway
Navigate to September Weather in Locations Surrounding Bergen:
- Orland, Norway - 429.4 kms (266.8 miles) NNE
- Trondheim, Norway - 429.6 kms (266.9 miles) NE
- Kristiansund, Vestlandet, Norway - 328 kms (203.8 miles) NNE
- Vagamo, Oppland, Norway - 260.4 kms (161.8 miles) NE
- Fannaråki/ Fanaråken, Sogn Og Fjordane, Norway - 186.7 kms (116 miles) NE
- Lillehammer, Norway - 290.8 kms (180.7 miles) ENE
- Lærdal, Western Norway, Norway - 140.7 kms (87.4 miles) ENE
- Geilo, Norway - 159.6 kms (99.2 miles) E
- Bergen - Florida, Norway - 2.1 kms (1.3 miles) SSE
- Gardermoen, Norway - 318.1 kms (197.7 miles) E
- Oslo, Norway - 303.1 kms (188.3 miles) E
- Dalen, Telemark, Norway - 183.1 kms (113.8 miles) SE
- Stavanger, Rogaland, Norway - 169.5 kms (105.3 miles) S
- Kristiansand, Norway - 290.8 kms (180.7 miles) SSE


Double entry demystified
Most business owners will know the difference between a profit statement and a balance sheet.
Both are created from a process known as double-entry bookkeeping.
If asked to consider two aspects of a £50 purchase from a stationery store, most would say that their cash reserves have dropped by £50 and the store's cash reserves had increased by the same amount. This is true, but double entry bookkeeping looks at the two-fold aspect of any transaction from one point of view.
In the above example, the purchaser has incurred a cost for stationery and reduce their bank balance by £50. In bookkeeping parlance, stationery costs are debited with £50 and their bank account is credited with the same amount.
Debits are plus amounts and credits are minus amounts. Roll out this process to all transactions in a year and they will sum to zero. This zero result proves that your accounts balance.
In a profit statement, debits for costs are shown as expenses and credits for sales and other income sources are shown as sales or income. If debits (costs) are more the credits (income) you have made a loss, and visa versa, more credits than debits you have made a profit.
Your balance sheet, made up to the same date, will show all assets (debits) less all liabilities (credits). The difference between these two amounts will demonstrate if you have more assets than liabilities – you are solvent – or more liabilities than assets – insolvent. Most balance sheets label this figure as Net Assets/(Liabilities).
The bottom end of the balance sheet shows how the net assets/liabilities have been acquired or financed. Usually, this is your capital stake in the business (credits) plus any retained profits (credits).
Source: Other Mon, 07 Dec 2020 00:00:00 +0100


Grading Policies
The Medical School system of assessing a medical student's progress includes both cognitive and non-cognitive components. In each phase of the program, the student's ability is assessed through observation, practical examinations, and tests of knowledge and problem-solving skills. Professional characteristics essential to the practice of medicine are also considered in the evaluation process.
Grading Scheme
Year 1: Satisfactory/Fail
Year 2: Satisfactory/Fail
Year 3: Honors/High Pass/Pass/Fail
Year 4: Honors/High Pass/Pass/Fail


text:
The Policy Impact of Ideas
- The Policy Impact of Ideas: Science, Social Justice and Public Health Governance
- Speaker: Patrick Fafard # University of Ottawa
- Hosted by
- Introduced by
- Date and Time
- 24th Apr 2013 15:00 - 24th Apr 2013 16:30
- Seminar Room 4, Chrystal Macmillan Building
How ideas influence policy is a subject of continuing research and debate. In order to explain policy change many have argued that ideational processes help to construct policy problems; shape the assumptions that affect the content of reform; and become, at times, discursive weapons. However there are also powerful institutional enablers and constraints on the policy impact of ideas. In this paper, I propose to examine the role of the three dominant ideas in public health: "health" is special; science is essential; and, social justice is paramount.
The first part of the paper outlines a framework for thinking about ideas and policy change. The next three sections explore in turn how particular conceptions of "health"; "science"; and "social justice" define the public health account of policy making. The final section briefly applies the conceptual argument to two flash points in contemporary public health: the controversy surrounding the INSITE safe injection facility in Vancouver and, more broadly, calls for action on socioeconomic inequality in the name of health. In both cases the goal is to explore the impact of institutional arrangements on the policy impact of the core ideas animating public health.


text:
You know you are in Australia when you see a Koala in a tree! Australia's unique marsupial is so specialized it only eats from around four species of Eucalypt trees. And it needs about 1 kilogram of them every day!
Koalas are super cute but they are endangered, and vulnerable to extinction and may potentially become extinct due to habitat loss, disease, limited interbreeding due to a declining population and more recently, significant bushfires in their natural habitat. At least 8000 koalas are thought to have died in the fires. We don't know the real extent of loss.
We had koalas in our backyard trees, when I was a child, as we had tall Eucalypt trees. We had two males that were on the prowl looking for a mate, and were resting peacefully when the ranger came to collect them and take them back to the bush.
James Tremain, a spokesman for the NSW Nature Conservation Council, said in November that koala decline has been happening "slowly and silently.. and that Koala numbers have plunged over the past 20 years. According to the federal threatened species scientific committee koala numbers in two states have dropped 42% between 1990 and 2010."Guardian Australia
This is significant. How can a species, so specialized, stage a comeback when their food source, their only food source, is continually being cut down without replenishment? Residential areas that are cleared and developed, are not replanted with Eucalypt trees because they are too tall, continually drop branches and leaves and too large for back yards.
We have at least one resident koala in our estate – and we only have a few tall tress in the small Eco Zone between two large sporting fields and an estate of houses (without Eucalypt trees).So what will that wild koala go and what will they eat?
Can you see the koala?
Koalas need oodles of sleep – around 18 hours. You would too, if you ate only one type of food all day, every day! That is why most of the time they are spotted in trees, they are sleeping.
You might be wondering how it survives on just gum leaves, as the oils in the leaves are quite poisonous. The Koalas have adapted to this specialized niche in the ecosystem, by having a very long digestive organ which allows them to break down the leaves and up til know were easily found throughout much of Eastern Australia. I spotted a few koalas on Stradbroke Island a few years ago.
The infant koala is called a Joey and it is pretty useless when it is born. Blind and earless when born the joey must use its strong sense of touch and smell, as well as natural instinct, to find its way into the pouch or face death. Being a marsupial it requires extended antenatal care that amounts to six to twelve months in its mother's pouch, where it continues to grow and develop. After the first six months, the young koala will ride around on its Mother's back until it reaches maturity.
I am kind of glad I am not a mumma koala!
Help for Koalas
Please support organizations that fund 24/7 care of wild koalas in trouble
Pine Rivers Koalacare – a registered Charity


Our Philosophy...
The Trauma-Informed Practices and Expressive Arts Therapy Institute is dedicated to teaching trauma-informed, creative intervention that integrates neurodevelopment, somatic approaches, mindfulness, and positive psychology. In particular, it supports the integrated, multi-modal use of expressive arts including approaches in art, music/sound, creative writing, storytelling, dance/movement, imaginative play, integrative arts, and mind-body approaches for recovery and wellness in children, adults and families. These approaches assist individuals in learning how mind and body respond to the sensory aspects of traumatic events and how to enhance personal resilience and posttraumatic growth. Courses taught by Institute faculty are based on principles of creative arts therapies, expressive arts therapies, mind-body methods, and somatic approaches. These practices are informed by contemporary research in trauma intervention, neurodevelopment and related fields.
You can read more about the following topics by selecting from the topics on the sub-menu: creative arts therapies [also sometimes called expressive arts therapy when applied in an integrated, multi-modal way]; mindfulness/mind-body approaches; attachment and positive psychology.
Calm Through Creativity: How Arts Can Aid Trauma Recovery from the National Clearinghouse on Families and Youth
It takes a lot of effort for the brain to deal with trauma. Whether because of post-traumatic stress disorder or the many adaptive behaviors that victims use instinctively in threatening situations, the traumatized brain is constantly on high-alert, particularly its lower regions, where survival instincts originate.
Simple artistic activities like drawing or sculpting clay can soothe those lower regions, which is why arts therapists argue that their methods can help trauma victims calm down and release some of that mental tension. These evidence-informed therapies use creativity to raise victims' awareness of their physical and mental states and build resilience and a sense of safety. Counselor and author Cathy Malchiodi, who has pioneered Trauma-Informed Art Therapy and Trauma-Informed Expressive Arts Therapy, claims that the use of music, art and other creative activities grant victims a means of expressing the effects of trauma even after therapy ends.
When the lower-brain's instincts are over-activated, they can inhibit people's ability to perform higher cognitive functions until they have started healing from trauma. "Teens who are stressed may have difficulty answering questions about their drug use, or about making goals and plans for the future," Malchiodi says. However, as she and other researchers (including child psychiatrist Bruce Perry) have found, these effects can be reversed with therapies that rebuild the brain from the ground up. Read More Here...


text:
Close and back to main video
Born in 1872 in Groningen, he studied euro-indian tongues and specialized in Sanskrit after graduating in historic linguistic. At the age of thirty his interests go towards medieval and renascence history and he begins to teach Holland History as an orientalist at the University of Groningen. His approach to history had an aesthetic character, giving a relevant character to art and spectacle. In his most important work, The Autumn of the Middle Ages (1919), he interprets the Late Middle Ages as a pessimist and decadent period instead of a reborn. Alarmed by the rise of National Socialism in Germany, Huizinga wrote several books about critical culture, very similar in analysis to the work by Ortega y Gasset and Oswald Spengler. Huizinga defended that the spirit of mechanical and technical organization had replaced the spontaneous and organic order in political and cultural life. In 1942, after his writings about fascism and his critics to the Nazi occupation of Holland, he is arrested and retained until his death in 1945. He dies a few weeks after the end of the war in De Steeg, Gelderland.


Ice hockey work out
Are ice hockey players fit?
Dr. Renda Hawwa points out in a feature on ice hockey that the sport "requires a combination of aerobic and anaerobic fitness," and players can burn anywhere from 400 to 800 calories in an hour. Ice hockey players like to think that their sport is the most demanding on the planet, providing undisputed hockey fitness.
How much do hockey players train?
Two hours of training, or possibly two and a half hours, typically start around 10 a.m., usually five days a week.
What kind of workouts do hockey players do?
1. Hockey Strength Training Arm swings and circles. Trunk rotations, twists and stretches. Walking lunges, prisoner squats and leg swings. Burpees and stride jumps. Medicine ball tosses and cross crawls.
Does hockey build muscle?
The intensity and volume of hockey is often adequate for breaking down the muscle fibers and thus causing an increase in leg and hip muscle size in novice and average players.
Do hockey players lift weights?
Most professional sports players utilize weights in their training, and each phase of that training has different objectives. To reach peak fitness and performance, follow this ice hockey weight training program, which also explains the need for cardio workouts.
What is the hardest sport in the world?
Degree of Difficulty: Sport Rankings
Boxing 8.63 1
Ice Hockey 7.25 2
Football 5.38 3
Why is hockey the hardest sport?
Hockey players need to have skill and agility. They need to have all the moves and skills of basketball, soccer and other sports, but do it all on skates, often backwards. Ice hockey players are the toughest athletes on the planet and have to endure the harshest physical beating to win the Stanley Cup.
You might be interested: Wild hockey radio station
Who are the toughest athletes?
The Toughest Athletes Who Ever Lived The Toughest Athletes Who Ever Lived. One of the most admirable traits of any athlete is toughness. Jim Abbott, Baseball. It's tough enough to be a professional athlete. Wayne Shelford, Rugby. Kurt Angle, Wrestling. Serena Williams, Tennis. Gordie Howe, Hockey. Alexis Arguello, Boxing. Chuck Bednarik, Football.
How many days off do NHL players get?
four days
How much weight do NHL players lose in a game?
5 to 8 pounds
Is running good for hockey players?
Yes and no. Hockey is an anaerobic sport and long distance running is purely aerobic which gives it very little crossover into the game of hockey once you train it beyond a certain threshold. This is why you see players all the time doing "cardio" and yet still becoming totally exhausted on the ice.
Are squats good for hockey?
Hockey players usually have tight hips from skating, squatting can help increase hip mobility by going to full-depth. Full-depth squats will help you do both of these better by facilitating more muscle fibers being worked, like stated above.
What do hockey players do during intermission?
Every player uses the intermission as an opportunity to rehydrate, either with water or a sports drink. That way, they'll feel refreshed and reenergized for the rest of the game and can continue giving their all out on the ice. Some players will also eat something during their break to help refuel.
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Euclidean domain
A Euclidean domain is an integral domain which admits a form of the Euclidean quotient-and-remainder algorithm familiar from school mathematics.
A Euclidean domain is an integral domain AA for which there exists a function d:A{0}d: A \setminus \{0\} \to \mathbb{N} to the natural numbers, often called a degree function, such that given f,gAf, g \in A with g0g \neq 0, there exist q,rAq, r \in A such that f=qg+rf = q \cdot g + r and either r=0r = 0 or d(r)d(r 1)>,d(r_0) \gt d(r_1) \gt \ldots,
again by well-orderedness of \mathbb{N}.
The proof that this algorithm produces a gcd consists in the observation that at each step we have
(a n+1)+(b n+1)=(a n)+(b n),(a_{n+1}) + (b_{n+1}) = (a_n) + (b_n),
and that from the definition of Euclidean domain, the only reason why the sequence would terminate at (a n,b n)(a_n, b_n) is that a n=b nq n+0a_n = b_n q_n + 0 for some q nq_n, and in that case (a n)+(b n)=(b n)(a_n) + (b_n) = (b_n).
Last revised on December 19, 2020 at 21:13:16. See the history of this page for a list of all contributions to it.


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Green Map's Energy & Environment Exploration Modules are designed to help middle and high school age youth experience and interpret their community's energy and environment from a sustainability perspective.
These timely resources are adaptable for different learning objectives and time frames. Each illustrated module includes:
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Educators and youth group leaders can copy an entire module or just the relevant page(s) for your students or use them on computer screens. The Educator's Guide is provided in text format so you can edit and adapt sections, as needed, or blend them into ongoing curriculum or projects.
These Modules are provided free to educators and youth group leaders during the 2008-2009 school year. By using these modules, students will gain a first-hand understanding of these complicated themes and how to make everyday choices that are more sustainable. You'll also get a 'taste' of Green Mapmaking, which we hope will lead towards registration of a full-scale mapmaking project.


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Men's clothing
Subject Source: Library of Congress Subject Headings
Scope Note: UF: Men's wear and: Menswear LCSH allowed for use as Genre/Form DU: As a Genre/Form, only apply to 3-D material. For photos and graphics of people selling, using or wearing them, mention only in the Notes; for textual material ABOUT them, use the corresponding Topical term instead.
Found in 1 Collection or Record:
Hornbein Family Papers
Identifier: B167
Abstract The Hornbein family of Denver, Colorado, was actively involved in the Colorado Jewish and larger community. Philip L. Hornbein (_PHONE_) married Flora Anfenger (_PHONE_) in 1905, and they had three children: Louis (_PHONE_), Marjorie (_PHONE_) and Philip (_PHONE_). The collections consists of material objects, photographs, and documents that belonged to the Hornbein family.
Dates: _PHONE_


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I need to calculate the following
$$20^{_PHONE_} \mod 251$$
I am struggling with that because $251$ is a prime number, so I can't simplify anything and I don't have a clue how to go on. Moreover how do I figure out the period of $[20]_{251}$? Any suggestions, remarks, nudges in the right direction are very appreciated.
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2 Answers 2
Hint: Use Fermat's Little Theorem to find the period of $[20]_{251}$. Then, use this to simplify $20^{_PHONE_}$.
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...and then you're left with $20^{67} \bmod 251$. – Fly by Night Jan 28 '13 at 18:27
Then do some exponentiation by squaring. – Joe Z. Jan 28 '13 at 18:30
How does that help? – Fly by Night Jan 28 '13 at 18:37
If you square 20 six times, then multiply by 400 and then by 20, taking the factor mod 251 each time, you will have calculated $20^{67}$ modulo 251. – Joe Z. Jan 28 '13 at 19:00
If you do not know the little theorem, a painful but -I thinkstill plausible method is to observe that $2^{10} = 1024 \equiv 20$, and $10^3 = 1000 \equiv -4$. Then, we may proceed like this:
$20^{_PHONE_} = 2^{_PHONE_}10^{_PHONE_} = 2^{123456\times 10 + 7}10^{411522\times 3 + 1} = 1280\times 1024^{123456}1000^{411522} \equiv 1280\times 20^{123456}4^{411522}$.
Observe that after one pass, we are still left with the powers of $2$ and the powers of $20$ that we can handle with the same equivalences above.
We still have to make some calculations obviously (divisions etc), but it is at least not as hopeless as before.
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text:
Sparks - St. Elmo's Fire
Instructor/speaker: Prof. Walter Lewin
Last time I mentioned to you that charge resides at the surface of solid conductors but that it's not uniformly distributed.
Perhaps you remember that, unless it happens to be a sphere.
And I want to pursue that today.
If I had a solid conductor which say had this shape and I'm going to convince you today that right here, the surface charge density will be higher than there.
Because the curvature is stronger than it is here.
And the way I want to approach that is as follows.
Suppose I have here a solid conductor A which has radius R of A and very very far away, maybe tens of meters away, I have a solid conductor B with radius R of B and they are connected through a conducting wire.
If they are connected through a conducting wire, then it's equipotential.
They all have the same potential.
I'm going to charge them up until I get a charge distribution QA here and I get QB there.
The potential of A is about the same that it would be if B were not there.
Because B is so far away that if I come with some charge from infinity in my pocket that the work that I have to do to reach A per unit charge is independent of whether B is there or not, because B is far away, tens of meters, if you can make it a mile if you want to.
And so the potential of A is then the charge on A divided by 4 pi epsilon 0 the radius of A.
But since it is an equipotential because it's all conducting, this must be also the potential of the sphere B, and that is the charge on B divided by 4 pi epsilon 0 R of B.
And so you see immediately that the Q, the charge on B, divided by the radius of B, is the charge on A divided by the radius on A.
And if the radius of B were for instance 5 times larger than the radius of A, there would be 5 times more charge on B than there would be on A.
But if B has a 5 times larger radius, then its surface area is 25 times larger and since surface charge density, sigma, is the charge on a sphere divided by the surface area of the sphere, it is now clear that if the radius of B is 5 times larger than A, it's true that the charge on B is 5 times the charge on A, but the surface charge density on B is now only one-fifth of the surface charge density of A because its area is 25 times larger and so you have this -- the highest surface charge density at A than you have at B.
5 times higher surface charge density here than there.
And I hope that convinces you that if we have a solid conductor like this, even though it's not ideal as we have here with these two spheres far apart, that the surface charge density here will be larger than there because it has a smaller radius.
It's basically the same idea.
And so you expect the highest surface charge density where the curvature is the highest, smallest radius, and that means that also the electric field will be stronger there.
That follows immediately from Gauss's law.
If this is the surface of a conductor, any conductor, a solid conductor, where the E field is 0 inside of the conductor, and there is surface charge here, what I'm going to do is I'm going to make a Gaussian pillbox, this surface is parallel to the conductor, I go in the conductor, and this now is my Gaussian surface, let this area be capital A, and let's assume that it is positive charge so that the electric field lines come out of the surface like so, perpendicular to the surface.
Always perpendicular to equipotential, so now if I apply Gauss's law which tells me that the surface integral of the electric flux throughout this whole surface, well, there's only flux coming out of this surface here, I can bring that surface as close to the surface as I want to.
I can almost make it touch the conductor.
So everything comes out only through this surface, and so what comes out is the surface area A times the electric field E.
The A and E are in the same direction, because remember E is perpendicular to the surface of the equipotentials.
And so this is all there is for the surface integral, and that is all the charge inside, well the charge inside is of course the surface charge density times the area A, divided by epsilon 0, this is Gauss's law.
And so you find immediately that the electric field is sigma divided by epsilon 0.
So whenever you have a conductor if you know the local surface charge density you always know the local electric field.
And since the surface charge density is going to be the highest here, even though the whole thing is an equipotential, the electric field will also be higher here than it will be there.
I can demonstrate this to you in a very simple way.
I have here a cooking pan and the cooking pan, I used to boil lobsters in there, it's a large pan.
The cooking pan I'm going to charge up and the cooking pan here has a radius, whatever it is, maybe 20 centimeters, but look here at the handle, how very small this radius is, so you could put charge on there and I'm going to convince you that I can scoop off more charge here where the radius is small than I can scoop off here.
I have here a small flat spoon and I'm going to put the spoon here on the surface here and on the surface there and we're going to see from where we can scoop off the most charge.
Still charged from the previous lecture.
So here, we see the electroscope that we have seen before.
I'm going to charge this cooking pan with my favorite technique which is the electrophorus.
So we have the cat fur and we have the glass plate.
I'm going to rub this first with the cat fur, put it on, put my finger on, get a little shock, charge up the pan, put my finger on, get another shock, charge up the pan, and another one, charge up the pan, make sure that I get enough charge on there, rub the glass again, put it on top, put my finger on, charge, once more, and once more.
Let's assume we have enough charge on there now.
Here is my little spoon.
I touch here the outside here of the can -- of the pan.
And go to the electroscope and you see a little charge.
It's very clear.
What I want to show you now it's very qualitative is that when I touch here the handle, it's a very small radius, that I can take off more charge.
There we go.
That's all I wanted to show you.
So you've seen now in front of your own eyes for the first time that even though this is a conductor that means that it is an equipotential, that the surface charge density right -- right here is higher than the surface charge density here.
Only if it is a sphere of course for circle symmetry reasons will the charge be uniformly distributed.
If the electric field becomes too high we get what we call electric breakdown.
We get a discharge into the air.
And the reason for that is actually quite simple.
If I have an electron here and this is an electric field, the electron will start to accelerate in this direction.
The electron will collide with nitrogen and oxygen molecules in the air and if the electron has enough kinetic energy to ionize that molecule then one electron will become two electrons.
The original electron plus the electron from the ion.
And if these now start to accelerate in this electric field, and if they collide with the molecules, and if they make an ion, then each one will become two electrons, and so you get an avalanche.
And this avalanche is an electric breakdown and you get a spark.
When the ions that are formed become neutral again they produce light and that's what you see.
That's the light that you see in the spark.
And so sparks will occur typically at the -- at sharp points -- at areas where the curvature is strong, whereby the radius is very small, that's where the electric fields are the highest.
How strong should the electric field be?
Well, we can make a back of the envelope calculation.
If you take air of 1 atmosphere, dry air, at room temperature, then the -- the electron on average, on average, will have to travel about 1 micron, which is 10 to the -6 meters, between the collisions with the molecules, it's just a given.
Sometimes a little more, sometimes a little less.
Because it's a random process of course.
To ionize nitrogen, to ionize oxygen, takes energy.
To ionize an oxygen molecule takes twelve-and-a-half electron volts.
And to ionize nitrogen takes about 15 electron volts.
What is an electron volt?
Well, an electron volt is a teeny weeny little amount of energy.
It's 1.6 times 10 to the -19 joules.
Electron volt is actually a very nice unit of energy.
Because once you have an electron and it moves over a potential difference of one volt, it gains in kinetic energy, that's the definition of an electron volt, it gains 1 electron volt.
It's the charge of the electron, which is 1.6 times 10 to the -19 coulombs, multiplied by 1 volt.
And that gives you then the energy, 1 electron volt.
And so what it means then -- let's assume that this number is 10 electron volts.
We only want a back of the envelope calculation


text:
The most common colour names are:
"Primary colours" can be mixed to make the other colours. Red, yellow and blue are the three traditional primary colours. The primary colours for television screens and computer monitors are red, green and blue. Printers use magenta, yellow and cyan as their primary colours; they also use black.
Colours are sometimes added to food. Food colouring is used to colour food, but some foods have natural colourings, like beta carotene.
When something has no colour, it is transparent. An example is air.
Related pages[change | edit source]
|The Simple English Wiktionary has a definition for: colour.|
References[change | edit source]


text:
- Enter a word for the dictionary definition.
From The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:
Vivacious \Vi*va"cious\ (?; 277), a. [L. v['i]vax, -acis, fr. vivere to live. See Vivid.] 1. Having vigorous powers of life; tenacious of life; long-lived. [Obs.] [1913 Webster] Hitherto the English bishops have been vivacious almost to wonder.... But five died for the first twenty years of her [Queen Elizabeth's] reign. --Fuller. [1913 Webster] The faith of Christianity is far more vivacious than any mere ravishment of the imagination can ever be. --I. Taylor. [1913 Webster] 2. Sprightly in temper or conduct; lively; merry; as, a vivacious poet. "Vivacious nonsense." --V. Knox. [1913 Webster] 3. (Bot.) Living through the winter, or from year to year; perennial. [R.] [1913 Webster] Syn: Sprightly; active; animated; sportive; gay; merry; jocund; light-hearted. [1913 Webster] -- Vi*va"cious*ly, adv. -- Vi*va"cious*ness, n. [1913 Webster]


text:
The Cherenkov effect is a well-known phenomenon and its properties are widely used in many fields of physics. However, some features of the polarization characteristics of Cherenkov radiation that appears when charged particles pass near azimuthally asymmetric, finite dielectric targets are still poorly studied. This problem is solved in this work. The polarization characteristics of Cherenkov radiation in the case of a rectangular dielectric screen are analyzed using the Stokes approach. Owing to the azimuthal asymmetry of the target, radiation acquires an elliptic polarization whose rotation direction and inclination angle depend both on the direction of radiation propagation and on the dielectric properties of a substance. The results demonstrate that the Cherenkov effect can be used to create sources of elliptically polarized radiation with the controlled direction of polarization rotation.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)


Hindi/Urdu: baiThnaa vs. baiTh jaana or baiTh lenaa
Discussion in 'Indo-Iranian Languages' started by eskandar, Oct 4, 2013.
 1. eskandar
 eskandar Moderator
 English (US)
 What are the semantic differences between these three verbs? My feeling is that while baiThnaa is the basic verb, baiTh jaana conveys motion ("to go sit") and baiTh lenaa would be equivalent to the English "to take a seat". Have I understood correctly?
 It also seems to me that, for example, baiTh jaa'o would be a more direct (maybe even more forceful?) command ("go sit down!") compared to baiTh lo ("take a seat"). Is that right?
 Finally, I would appreciate recommendations for a good (preferably somewhat comprehensive) source for these types of compound verbs in Hindi/Urdu. Dictionaries typically offer only the simple verb form, so aside from listening to contextual use it's hard to know when to say X karo vs. X kar lo or what have you, and I fear that my over-reliance on simple (non-compund) verbs makes my speech sound stilted.
 2. Qureshpor Senior Member
 Punjabi, Urdu پنجابی، اردو
 eskandar SaaHib "baiThnaa" on its own means both "to sit" and "to sit down". The "jaanaa" in "baiTh jaanaa" to the best of my understanding has not to do with the person going from A to B but (possibly) his stature going from a sanding position to a seated position. Therefore, if my logic is correct,"baiTh jaanaa" is a more emphatic form of "baiThnaa". Let's use a couple of very simple sentences.
 e-SaaHib yahaaN baiThiye
 e-SaaHib yahaaN baiTh jaa'iye
 To me, the latter gives not only more emphasis to the act of sitting but also it seems politer than just saying "baiThiye".
 I am not aware of "baiTh lenaa" but for the causative "biThaanaa", one has "biThaa lenaa/denaa".
 B. SaaHib ne e-SaaHib ko apne paas biThaa liyaa aur kuchh raaz-daarii kii baateN karne lage!
 A. SaaHib ne Lakhnau kii sair karaane kii xaatir hameN ek sunsaan kuuche meN biThaa diyaa aur xud nah jaane kahaaN Ghaa'ib ho ga'e!
 Platts does go into compound verbs but I am not aware of a book on compound verbs as such. Any good grammar book covers this aspect of Urdu and Hindi.
 Last edited by a moderator: Oct 6, 2013
 3. marrish
 marrish Senior Member
 اُردو Urdu
 eskandar SaaHib, jaanaa in these verbal forms does not relate to motion (go and...). They need not be translated by parsing them. They cover an aspect of a verb, that is completion. They do provide an emphatic tone and while I agree with QP SaaHib's remarks, suppose I am shouting baiTho! it will not have this effect when I shout baiTh jaa'o! The stress is on jaa'o. I imagine it, in the terms of language, as... baiTh[e hu'e ho ]jaa'o, equivalent to become seated - the action should be completed.
 khaanaa khaa'o - can mean both do start eating or eat it up
 khaanaa khaa jaa'o means eat your food up.
 You cannot parse it and translate, like in '' maiN uTh baiThaa''. May I ask you how you understand this sentence?
 4. eskandar
 eskandar Moderator
 English (US)
 Thanks, both of you.
 I thought I had heard "baiTh lo" used but perhaps I misheard. (Is anyone else familiar with this compound?)
 Thanks QP SaaHib, I found an overview in Schmidt's "Urdu: An Essential Grammar" which was useful but not as comprehensive as I'd like.
 That's a very helpful way of thinking about it, thank you marrish SaaHib.
 If I understand it correctly, it's idiomatic and means "I got up/sat up". So your point is well-taken that I should similarly understand "baiTh jaana" as a single unit of meaning and not parse it according to its individual parts.
 5. Faylasoof Senior Member
 Plato's Republic
 English (UK) & Urdu (Luckhnow), Hindi
 eskandar Sb. as has been conveyed to you the term jaanaa here doesn't imply / indicate motion but is a more emphatic means of saying something and it also has nothing to do with a change in stature from standing to sitting position!
 We also say khaa / k_haa jaanaa (to devour; eat / consume (destructively).) instead of khaanaa /k_haanaa (verb, to eat), naaraaDh (ناراض) ho jaanaa, bigaR (بگڑ) jaanaa, etc. etc.
 6. eskandar
 eskandar Moderator
 English (US)
 Shukriya Faylasoof SaaHib. (Albatta jaise aap ko ma3luum hai, yahaaN, aap kaa vaTan meiN, maTlab shehr-i-Lucknow meiN, jis ke andar fi'l-Haal ham Urduu paRh rahe haiN, "baiThiye / baiTh jaa'iye" ke bejaa "tashriif rakhiye" bhii sunii jaatii hai! ;))
 7. Qureshpor Senior Member
 Punjabi, Urdu پنجابی، اردو
 ^ eskandar SaaHib, ho saktaa hai lakhnau vaale kuchh yuuN kaheN..
 albattah jaise aap ko ma3luum hai, yahaaN aap ke vatan meN, ya3nii shahr-i-lakhnau meN, jahaaN fi_lHaal ham Urdu siikh rahe haiN, vahaaN "baiThiye/baiTh jaa'iye" ke ba-jaa'e "tashriif rakhiye" balkih "tashriif farmaa'iye" ziyaadah sun_ne meN aataa hai.
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Force-Sensing Linear Potentiometer: 1.4″×0.4″ Strip
This force-sensing linear potentiometer (FSLP) from Interlink Electronics is a passive component with resistances that depend on the magnitude and location of the force applied at some point along the 1.4″ (3.6 cm) active length of the strip, making it easy to add novel touch interfaces or tactile sensors to your project. An external resistor (typically 4.7 kΩ to 10 kΩ) is required but not included.
This force-sensing linear potentiometer (FSLP) from Interlink Electronics is a passive component with internal resistances that independently change in response to the location and magnitude of an applied force. This allows a microcontroller with an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), such as an Arduino or A-Star, to easily determine where and how hard the strip is being pressed, enabling advanced touch-control user interfaces (like menu navigation) or sophisticated tactile sensors. The FSLP is effectively a force-sensing resistor (FSR) that can also simultaneously sense position. The video above shows a sample project with the similar 4″ FSLP strip being used to control an LED strip: position determines the number of lit LEDs and pressure determines the LED color. This shorter 1.4″ FSLP strip could easily be substituted for the one in the video. The Arduino code used in the example is available on github, and it has functions for reading pressure and position that could be helpful in getting started using this sensor. More information about the demo is available in our FSLP blog post.
The 1.5″ × 0.53″ strip is light (0.5 g) and extremely thin (0.025″), with an active sensing area of 1.4″ × 0.39″ and a flexible 0.55″ × 0.2″ sensor tail for accessing its three terminals (the fourth terminal is not used). It does not appreciably compress when pressure is applied, and while it is flexible, it is intended to be used on smooth, flat surfaces since bending can adversely affect its performance. The FSLP has a masked adhesive backing for easy mounting.
Note: The sensor's tail does not include a connector, and soldering directly to the exposed copper pads is probably not practical for most applications given its relatively fine 1 mm pitch. We do not carry any connectors that work with this sensor, but JST makes a line of compatible 1.0 mm pitch FCC (flat flexible) connectors. Section 4.4 of the FSLP integration guide describes the sensor tail in detail.
For a similar FSLP that includes a solderable connector, see our 4″ FSLP strip. It is possible to cut the 4″ FSLP strip to shorter lengths, such as 1″, which would give it a similar size to this 1.4″ version.
Note that this FSLP is not a load cell or strain gauge, and it is not suitable for precision force or pressure measurements. While it can be used for high-resolution dynamic measurements, only qualitative force readings are generally attainable.
Using the sensor
The FSLP is a three-terminal device (the fourth terminal of the sensor tail is not used), and when pressure is applied, its internal circuit is equivalent to three resistors. Reading the magnitude of the pressure requires an external resistor be added to the circuit, so a total of four microcontroller lines are required, two of which must be capable of reading analog voltages. Detailed information about this FSLP, including theory of operation, dimensions, and measurement procedures, is available in the FSLP integration guide (513k pdf). The rest of this section briefly summarizes some of the key points of the measurement procedures listed in the integration guide.
Measuring pressure
The resistance Rp depends directly on the magnitude of the applied pressure, changing from around 300 kΩ at very light touches to around 1 kΩ when pressing very hard. If the pin connected to D1 is driven high and pin connected to the bottom of resistor Ro is driven low, the SL pin becomes the output of a resistive voltage divider with Rp on top and the external resistor Ro on the bottom. Measuring the voltage at terminal D2 gives the input voltage to this pressure-dependent voltage divider and allows the pressure measurement to be made independent of R1 and R2, which change depending on where the strip is being touched. Once you have measured the voltage divider input (D2 voltage) and output (SL voltage), you have everything you need to compute Rp, which is directly related to the pressure.
The optimal value for Ro depends on the specific application, but a value between 4.7 kΩ and 10 kΩ should work fine for most projects.
Note that when no pressure is applied to the strip, Rp should be many megaohms and the voltage at SL will be pulled almost completely to zero through Ro. You can use this to determine when the strip is not being touched.
Measuring position
The strip also functions as a linear potentiometer, with the applied pressure (e.g. your finger) acting as the wiper. As the point of applied pressure moves from one side of the strip to the other, R1 will get smaller and R2 will get bigger, or vice versa (the sum of R1 and R2 is typically around 10 kΩ). If the pin connected to D1 is driven high and the pin connected to D2 is driven low, the SL pin becomes the output of this linear potentiometer (the pin connected to the bottom of Ro should be set as a high-impedance input to effectively remove Ro from the circuit). The voltage on the SL pin should range from 0 to Vcc (logic low to logic high) as the pressure application point moves from one extreme to the other.
Note that when no pressure is applied to the strip, the SL pin is essentially floating and will provide no meaningful position measurement. As described in the previous section, you can use the pressure reading to determine when the strip is not being touched so that you know when to ignore the position measurement.
This sensor has high-impedance outputs, which can be difficult to accurately measure using a microcontroller's ADC. The full measurement procedures in section 5 of the FSLP integration guide (513k pdf) have some helpful techniques for reducing noise and improving accuracy. FSLP/FSR versions
Interlink refers to this product as their standard FSLP. We also carry their longer 10 cm (4″×0.4″) FSLP, which can be optionally be shortened to lengths of 1″, 2″, or 3″.
The two force-sensing linear potentiometers (FSLPs).
If the position of the force is not important for your application, we carry six versions of force-sensing resistors (FSRs) that can be used to measure the amount of applied force but not its location:
A variety of force-sensing resistors (FSRs).
 - 0.2″-diameter circle (FSR 400)
 - 0.25″-diameter circle, short tail (FSR 400 Short)
 - 0.6″-diameter circle (FSR 402)
 - 0.6″-diameter circle, short tail (FSR 402 Short)
 - 1.5″×1.5″ square (FSR 406)
 - 24″×0.4″ strip (FSR 408)