text:
Addictive Virtual Guard is an intelligent High Definition IP CCTV system that uses advanced video analytics to detect specific objects such as people and cars and match them with advanced rules such as the amount of objects or even time spent in a certain area.
The system acts as a 'Virtual Guard' enabling the automatic alerting of authorities such as a 24×7 secure monitoring facility who can intern 'visually verify' an activity and take the appropriate action which may involve advising the local police directly.
Features and Benefits
- Remove costly static guards and significantly reduce costs.
- Proactive protection stops damage before it occurs.
- Intelligent pattern-based video analytics for greater accuracy and fewer false alarms.
- Remotely monitored and recorded in High Definition.
- Lower insurance claims.
- Redundant reporting paths. The system can still transmit alarms if connectivity to the internet is lost.
- Integration with Alarm and Access control for further ROI and site security.
- Automated warning messages on site if a human is detected.
- Always on technology. Never miss a thing.
- Fully supported and monitored system.


Auto Answers » View Question
oufan 5/30/2010
2003 Dodge Ram 3500 Base 6Cyl5.9L - Engine
my cruise wont work
just bought an 03 dodge diesel pickup and my cruise wont work. when i turn cruise on it shows up on my hud that says cruise. but when i push the set button nothing happens. wondering if its just the switch or something else in the cpu or something else
3 Answers
 Cruise control systems have been with us for years. They work very effectively to control the speed of the vehicle, but when they fail they can be a bear to diagnose and fix.
 Cruise control systems are comprised of electronic and mechanical subsystems. This is how they work.
 We all know that the things that control the speed of the car are the gas pedal and the brakes. And the brain that normally controls the speed of the car is the brain of the driver. The driver senses the speed by looking at the speedometer and then adjusting the pressure on the gas pedal or the brakes to compensate for variations in the desired speed. The cruise control system does the same thing with one exception. It only controls the gas pedal - it doesn't even know there are brakes in the car!!
 The vehicle's speed sensor which is mounted on the output shaft of the transmission (the thing that drives the wheels) sends electrical pulses to the computer, pulses which are generated by a magnet spinning past a sensor coil. When the vehicle's speed increases the frequency of the pulses increases. For any given speed of the vehicle there is a corresponding pulse frequency. It is this pulse frequency which the cruise control tries to maintain as a constant. You think of it as the vehicle's speed.
 The brains of the control box of the cruise control has three functions. First, it stores the speed of the vehicle when you press the "set" button whild travelling at the desired speed. It keeps this value in its memory until you turn the ignition off. Second, it receives the pulses from the transmission sensor and compares the frequency of those pulses to the frequency value stored in its memory - the set point. Third, it sends pulses to a vacuum controlled diaphragm connected to the accelerator linkage. The pulses it sends regulates the amount of vacuum the diaphragm receives. The more pulses, the more vacuum and the more vacuum the more force on the accelerator linkage. The system continues to add vacuum force until the set point speed is reached. At that point the system modulates the amount of vacuum the diaphragm receives in an effort to maintain the number of pulses coming from the speed sensor as close to the stored value as possible.
 OK, so this "brain" works just fine in controlling the speed of the vehicle until something goes wrong. What can go wrong?
 First, the VSS, the thing that sends pulses to the brain might fail. Normally the speedometer also fails so that's pretty easy to diagnose.
 Next, the power to the brain can be interrupted. A blown fuse or a corroded connector can prevent the brain from working correctly or at all.
 Next, the brains can lose its ability to function. A faulty component can prevent the brain from doing its thing. The brain is a pretty sophisticated box that contains a lot of electronic components including a microprocessor. Normally when the brains fail you need to replace the box..
 The vacuum diaphragm can develop a leak. If that happens then the cruise control might set and hold the speed for some time however if the leak is larger than the supply line and modulator can add vacuum to the system the system will slowly lose control and the vehicle will slow down. This can also happen if the vacuum line to the diaphragm is cracked or loose.
 Finally, the linkage that connects the diaphragm to the accelerator linkage can fail. Some aftermarket cruise control systems use a short length of what looks like fat key chain - bead chain. I have seen several units fail when the chain simply breaks.
 Diagnosis of a failed system can be a complex process. Most vehicle shop manuals have a multi-page diagnostic flow chart that the dealer mechanics use to solve failures. If there isn't an obvious problem like a broken wire, a blown fuse or a leaking vacuum line then the problem most likely lies in the brains of the unit or in the switch that sets the speed and contains the other functions of resume and accelerate. Most cruise control switches are on the directional signal stem, a multifunction switch assembly with fine wires that break due to the constant motion of the wires as you use the directional in your daily travels.
 If you do an initial diagnosis and can't find the problem then go to the library in your town and get the shop manual. That is the only way you stand a chance of diagnosing and fixing the problem.
 - HouseCallAuto
 HouseCallAuto 2/1/2011
 Most times on this vehicle the cause is a bad Cruise Control Servo or Vacuum Pump.
 Kevin do you have yahoo messenger by chance?
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text:
A folk hero is a figure, real or legendary, whose deeds have imprinted themselves upon the popular consciousness, historically through folklore, tales and songs, but in modern times increasingly via the printed word and broadcast media.
Often outlaws or anti-establishment figures, and so with their acts largely absent from any surviving official documents of their periods, for many folk heroes even the certainty of their existence is unclear. Even for those known to have had real existence, their legendary acts often have little or no foundation in reality, with what few hard facts that were known of them having been repeatedly embellished by balladeers and chroniclers. The distinction between a folk hero and a mythological figure is not clearly defined, and is partly one of distance - in time, the stories told about today's folk heroes may grow to resemble myths about Greek or Norse heroes and gods.
Ancient folk heroes include the British patriotic heroes King Arthur, Hereward the Wake, Robin Hood, the Scottish Horserider and William Wallace, the Swiss patriot William Tell, and the archetypal rags-to-riches story of Dick Whittington.
In more recent history, folk heroes have included the highwayman Dick Turpin, the American frontiersman Davy Crockett, outlaw Billy the Kid, and the bank robbers Bonnie and Clyde and John Dillinger, and the Australian bushranger Ned Kelly.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Monday, February 24, 2020
An Introduction to Sculpting
Sculpting can really elevate your conversions, giving you incredible control.
This article first appeared in Volume 2 of the digital magazine 28.
Conversions are a hallmark of almost all models created in the 28 style. Rather than building a model directly as shown on the box, the creator changes it, sometimes beyond recognition, to suit their vision and narrative. This endeavour has been made easier over the years, due to the vast range of model kits that Games Workshop produces, most of which are roughly the same scale, allowing one to mix together kits, or "kitbash." However, after building enough models, even kitbashing can feel limiting. At this point, the next logical step in the creative process is to try sculpting with modeling putty. While this comes with a learning curve and can be time consuming, it provides an unparalleled level of flexibility and freedom when creating models. In this article, I want to talk about how I approach sculpting, provide some tips for news sculptors, and talk about the strengths and weaknesses of different types of modeling putty.
A Death Guard Chaos Space Marine based on a Primaris Space Marine, with extensive sculpting work done with green stuff and Milliput to modify the armour to look like MKIII Iron armour.
Learning to sculpt can be a long and challenging process, but also a very rewarding one. If you are just starting out, following three simple principles can make the process less daunting:
1. Have the right tools
2. Don't try to do too much at one time
3. Practice
A Sister of Sigmar Matriarch, with segments sculpted using green stuff, milliput, and apoxie sculpt.
1. Have the right tools:
While there is no substitute for practice, having the right tools can help immensely when starting to sculpt.
When thinking about sculpting, the notion of lubricating your hands and sculpting tools might not be the first thing that comes to mind, but it is very important, possibly even more important than the physical implements you use to shape and manipulate putty. All two-part modeling putties have a sticky characteristic when mixed, helping the putty stay affixed to what you are sculpting on. This is a double-edged sword because you will find that the putty also sticks to your fingers, your sculpting tools, and almost anything it touches. You can easily overcome this by applying a lubricant to your hands and tools. The lubricant creates a thin barrier between the putty and your tools/hands. Water can serve nicely as a lubricant for several modelling putties, and is primarily what I use when sculpting. Water is not suitable as a lubricant in all cases because some types of sculpting putties begin to dissolve or lose their rigidity when exposed to water (Milliput, Apoxie Sculpt). Hand lotion (Nivea creme, vaseline, petroleum jelly, etc.) can be a good alternative to water. Hand lotion does not quickly dry or evaporate, affording you longer working time before you need to reapply the lubricant. With water, you can find yourself needing to frequently re-moisten your tools.
Sculpting tools:
Of all my sculpting tools, the ones that get the most use are my color/clay shapers. These tools are essentially paint brushes with their bristles replaced with a silicone head of various sizes and shapes. After applying modeling putty to the area you want to sculpt, you can simply use the color shapers to shape the putty however you desire. They are tremendously helpful for creating smooth surfaces and seamless transitions between the putty and the actual model. Modeling putty is much less prone to sticking to the silicone of the shapers than other metal sculpting tools or your fingers. Despite this, it is still a good idea to lubricate the tip of the shapers before sculpting work with water, or a water-based cream like Nivea. The color shapers come in various shapes and sizes, but I have found that taper points, angle chisels, and flat chisels work the best for my purposes (sizes ranging from 0-6).
A selection of silicone color shapers.
Metal sculpting tools:
Although not nearly as essential as the color shapers in my sculpting arsenal, metal sculpting/dental tools can be very helpful for particular sculpting tasks. Most metal sculpting tools have two edges, a bladed one and a flatter spoon-shaped one, for detail work and broad putty manipulation/shaping, respectively. Since the tools are made of metal, they can be better than the soft silicone color shapers for packing puttying into areas or forcibly stretching the putty. Counterproductively, since the tools are made of metal, putty has a tendency to stick to them, making it essential to use some form of lubricant. While I use these sorts of tools occasionally, often I find I can achieve the things I want using silicone color shapers exclusively. Ultimately as a sculptor, you will come to find particular tools that mesh well with how you sculpt, so I strongly encourage trying different types.
A "true-scale" Space Marine sculpted primarily with green stuff.
Sculpting putties:
The market is filled with different two-part sculpting putties, which require the two parts to be mixed before use. Despite the variety, I spent years sculpting solely with one epoxy putty: green stuff (Kneadatite blue/yellow epoxy putty). This was largely due to its accessibility at my local game shop and the fact that it was the only putty offered by Games Workshop. While green stuff can meet nearly all of your sculpting needs, other putties offer a variety of advantages. Here I will summarize some of the two-part epoxy putties I have used, as well as some of their advantages and disadvantages.
Green stuff:
In terms of applications, green stuff is a versatile modeling putty that can be used for anything from gap filling to sculpting entire miniatures. When mixed, green stuff has a rubbery/elastic texture that holds an edge nicely and works well for sculpting small details. Unlike some other sculpting putties, green stuff is not water soluble, meaning water is a great lubricant for your tools. If you are sculpting without a frame or armature to stabilize your work, green stuff has a tendency to droop. Because of this, it can be a challenge to sculpt thin, wispy details (like the edge of a cloak) and get them to maintain the orientation you want, without them starting to sag. However, even with this small disadvantage, green stuff is probably the best sculpting material for such details, as it maintains a flexible and rubbery texture after curing, meaning thin details are more likely to flex than to break.
Green stuff
Though it is hard-to-the-touch after cured, green stuff is prone to tearing or being scratched when sanded or filed. Because of this, you need to make sure you are happy with the fit and finish of anything before it hardens, because you cannot go back later and sand it to make it smooth. In a pinch, you can carefully reshape hardened green stuff by cutting pieces away with a sharp x-acto knife.
You can buy green stuff in a few different formats. It is most commonly seen in ribbon form, with the blue and yellow parts physically touching in the center (this is how Games Workshop sells it, for example). This contact between the blue and yellow parts means that this region of the putty has already started to cure. Because of this, it is often a good idea to remove the center portion of the ribbon before mixing the two halves. Although it might require some searching, you can also buy green stuff with the blue and yellow packaged in separate tubes, much like you see with other putties. The biggest disadvantage of green stuff is the cost. Compared to other commonly available epoxy putties, green stuff is an order of magnitude more expensive (~8-15x). This is because it is sold as a niche miniature wargaming product, rather than a more general sculpting product for diverse functions. Though it works great for small conversions or sculpting projects, if you plan to sculpt a large model purely out of green stuff, it can quickly get expensive.
An Imperial Guard operative with many details sculpted with green stuff.
Milliput is another popular two-part epoxy putty used for miniature sculpting. Milliput comes in several different grades, from the standard Yellow-Grey, to the superfine White, each with slightly different characteristics and applications. The standard Yellow-Grey Milliput is the one typically used for miniature sculpting.
One of the main advantages of Milliput over green stuff is how hard it becomes after curing. Unlike green stuff, Milliput can be safely sanded and filed after it hardens. This makes it ideal for sculpting large smooth surfaces, like those seen on body armour or shields. Milliput is remarkably good at holding its shape while you are working with it. It will typically not sag like green stuff is prone to, making it perfect for blocking in general shapes that can be refined later with sanding and carving.
Milliput functions very similarly to clay when exposed to water. As you add water, Milliput begins to produce silt, and will eventually dissolve if too much is added. This characteristic makes it a great putty to fill in seams on models, since you can paint the putty into the seams with an old paint brush. By adding small amounts of water you can also make very smooth surfaces.
It should be noted that while Milliput cures much harder than green


text: Infrared Dyes or IRDyes, are vital tools in cancer research. Scientists are able to utilize infrared dyes to label proteins, peptides and antibodies to better understand how cancer spreads through the body and to determine tumor accumulation. IRDye provides optimal performance in Western blotting, near-infrared (NIR) optical imaging and performs well in a number of small animal imaging applications. Rockland IRDye conjugated antibodies are crucial research tools and produce accurate, repeatable results in a variety of applications. To learn more, visit our website or contact us today.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Food poverty - defined as the inability to access a nutritionally adequate diet - is a significant issue for many people on the island of Ireland.
Although the cost of healthy food is a major factor, the inability to access to a healthy diet is a complex issue that incorporates education, transport, literacy, culture and environmental planning. Food poverty is yet another outcome of broader determinants of health, such as poor housing, social exclusion and high crime.
With other stakeholders on the island, safefood is addressing the issue of food poverty through advocacy, building the evidence base and supporting community initiatives. Examples of this include:


English to French: more detail...
 1. melt down:
Detailed Translations for melt down from English to French
melt down:
to melt down verb (melts down, melted down, melting down)
 1. to melt down (smelt; melt away; dissolve)
 fondre; dissoudre; se fondre; se liquéfier; dégeler
 - fondre verb (fonds, fond, fondons, fondez, )
 - dissoudre verb (dissous, dissout, dissolvons, dissolvez, )
 - se fondre verb
 - dégeler verb (dégèle, dégèles, dégelons, dégelez, )
Conjugations for melt down:
 1. melt down
 2. melt down
 3. melts down
 4. melt down
 5. melt down
 6. melt down
simple past
 1. melted down
 2. melted down
 3. melted down
 4. melted down
 5. melted down
 6. melted down
present perfect
 1. have melted down
 2. have melted down
 3. has melted down
 4. have melted down
 5. have melted down
 6. have melted down
past continuous
 1. was melting down
 2. were melting down
 3. was melting down
 4. were melting down
 5. were melting down
 6. were melting down
 1. shall melt down
 2. will melt down
 3. will melt down
 4. shall melt down
 5. will melt down
 6. will melt down
continuous present
 1. am melting down
 2. are melting down
 3. is melting down
 4. are melting down
 5. are melting down
 6. are melting down
 1. be melted down
 2. be melted down
 3. be melted down
 4. be melted down
 5. be melted down
 6. be melted down
 1. melt down!
 2. let's melt down!
 3. melted down
 4. melting down
Translation Matrix for melt down:
VerbRelated TranslationsOther Translations
dissoudre dissolve; melt away; melt down; smelt break down; break up; collapse; crumble; demolish; depart; destroy; disintegrate; dissolve; drag down; fall apart; fall to bits; fall to pieces; get down; go; go away; leave; melt away; pull down; take down; tear down; tear loose; wreck
dégeler dissolve; melt away; melt down; smelt become less stiff; defrost; fuse; fuze; melt; stop freezing; thaw
fondre dissolve; melt away; melt down; smelt become less stiff; burn out; decrease; defrost; diminish; drop; dwindle; fuse; fuze; go down; lessen; melt; melt together; merge; reduce; shrink; shrink away; shrink back; shrivel; shrivel up; stop freezing; thaw
se fondre dissolve; melt away; melt down; smelt fuse; fuze; melt together; merge
se liquéfier dissolve; melt away; melt down; smelt become less stiff; liquidify
- melt; run
Synonyms for "melt down":
Related Definitions for "melt down":
 1. reduce or cause to be reduced from a solid to a liquid state, usually by heating1
 - melt down gold1
Related Translations for melt down
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Midwest in the Far East - Math Ed 3
UWO Students at at Ningbo Elementary School
Ningbo is a port city located about 130 miles south of Shanghai that focuses mainly on fishing and importing/exporting. Having about 5 million residents, Ningbo is quickly morphing into a major Chinese city. Because it has deeper waters than Shanghai, Ningbo can handle the larger and heavier boats, thus becoming stiff competition with other importing/exporting cities like Shanghai. With a newly developed downtown district, several universities and a per capita three times larger than the average, Ningbo has become a place for wealthy Chinese to live. The city even has ties to Wisconsin. Ningbo and Milwaukee officials signed an agreement in 2006 to help promote business and cultural exchange between the two cities.
Class Begins
In Ningbo the UW Oshkosh students, who stayed at the international dormitory at Ningbo University, spent most of their time immersed in Chinese education. They learned about Chinese culture from Ningbo University professors, participated in math lectures with UW Oshkosh professors Eric Kuennen and John Beam, and took field trips to observe local schools.
The students first observed fourth and fifth-graders at the Ningbo Huizhen Academy, a private primary school. On the day of the visit, the study abroad group arrived to a sea of children doing their daily morning exercises in the school's playground.
Ryan King plays Basketball
Jump shot: UW Oshkosh math education student Ryan King (l) plays
basketball elementary schoolchildren in Ningbo, China.
Before long, junior Ryan King jumped into the fray of activity. To the delight of the younger students, he joined a friendly game of pick-up basketball. Others jumped rope with the Chinese youngsters.
The Chinese students showed no fear of the Western visitors and were happy to show off their English language skills. They greeted the UW Oshkosh students with shouts of "What's your name? Are you from America?"
After recess, the UW Oshkosh students sat in on a fifth-grade math class filled with 30 students wearing identical red track suits and matching red handkerchiefs tied around their necks. Despite their grade, the class was actually studying sixth-grade math.
During the class, the teacher asked the students to solve a variety of geometry problems, including finding the degrees of missing angles and the area of circles.
One at a time, students came to the front of the class to explain the specific way he or she solved the problem.
Jackie Hoffman and students in China
Making friends: UW Oshkosh math education student
Jackie Hoffman chats with the schoolchildren at Ningbo
Huizhen Academy, a private primary school.
The Oshkosh students and faculty marveled at what they observed.
"By coming up with their answers, it gives them ownership of math," UWO math professor Kuennen said. "It gives them ownership of their knowledge."
Junior Jackie Hoffman said she was amazed how enthusiastic the students were at discovering new ways to figure out their class assignments.
"The student comes up with one answer, the class comes up with other answers, and it teaches them not to limit their thinking," she said. "It's like opening some new doors."
Mary Glaza
UWO Math Ed China Mary Glaza Ningbo Primary School
UW Oshkosh math education student Mary Glaza explains the differences
between the Chinese and American way of teaching after she observed
math classes at the Ningbo Huizhen Academy.
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Maharashtra, UP gets Tough Solar Targets for 2022
Maharashtra Solar Targets
The MNRE has recently handed over red-letters to solar-friendly states underlining targets and deadline for renewable energy generation and absorption. The letter pronounces Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh into the challenging solar energy targets by 2022, asserting Maharashtra to increase 30 times solar capacity to its existing
378.7 MW generating 11,926 MW.
UP also has a good start to its solar capacity generation of 140 MW and with this recommendation the state has to convince to raise its solar capacity to more than 75 times generating 10,697 MW.
MNRE Secretary Upendra Tripathy wrote to the chief secretaries of all states and Union Territories, setting out each of their targets so as to achieve the goals of 100,000 MW of solar power, 60,000 MW of wind power and a total of 175,000 MW of renewable energy (the rest coming from biomass and small hydro projects) by 2022.
With the stipulation that 8% of the power consumed by a state should come from solar sources by 2022, Maharashtra's target rises to 12,611 MW and UP's to 13,248 MW, though the shortfall could be drawn from other states.
The secretary further writes in his letter that the states have to respond with an action plan, breaking up their cumulative goals into yearly targets. "I propose to convene a meeting in the second week of March 2016 to discuss the State Action Plan 2022, a copy of which may be sent to me in advance.
Tarun Kapoor, Joint Secretary in the MNRE, has written to Power Secretary Pradeep Kumar Pujari to ensure that all state electricity regulatory commissions cooperate in meeting the states' obligation of drawing 17% of their total power from renewable sources by 2022, including a minimum of 8% from solar sources. He has also written similarly to the principal secretaries (power) in all states and Union Territories.
Rajasthan and Gujarat are best suited regions for solar energy making the states to easily achieve the given targets.
Rajasthan already has solar capacity of 1,264.35 MW installed and needs to raise it less than five times to 5,762 MW by 2022. Gujarat, with a solar capacity of 1,024.15 MW, has to increase it to 8,020 MW.


text: Grandma, What's an Ulu For? is a title in the Nunavummi Reading Series published by Inhabit Education. This is a unique Nunavut-made levelled reading series that aligns the reading expectations of the Inuit language, English, and French. The reading series corresponds closely to the reading levels and expectations developed by the Department of Education in Nunavut. This approach to literacy provides educators and parents the tools they need to ensure that children are equally challenged and successful in all the languages represented in Nunavut. Author Jeanie Joanasie explains its history, traditional uses, and stories about it. In the 28-page reader a young girl asks her grandmother about the ulu and why it is so important to the Inuit. Grandmother explains all the ways to use it as a tool for scraping, cutting, sewing, slicing, chopping and grinding. Grandmother tells her granddaughter to respect the ulu and how to take care of it. This leveled reader is Level 10 and has a text identified as Fountas & Pinnell Level: K.


text:
John Wesley's Death-Mask
1) From umc.org, the official site for the United Methodist Church:
FAQ Belief2) From The United Methodist Portal website:
What happens immediately after a person dies?
Question: What happens immediately after a person dies? Do they go directly to heaven or hell or do they go to a holding place until Christ returns to earth for the final judgment?
Answer: The basic beliefs of United Methodists can be found in the Book of Discipline in Our Doctrinal Standards and General Rules. However, mention of "hell" and "heaven" as serious afterlife issues cannot be found in this section or any other part of the Book of Discipline.[ link ]
Methodist Doctrine: The Essentials by Ted A. Campbell says, "The Methodist Articles of Religion, following the teachings of the Reformation, rejected the medieval Catholic idea of purgatory as a place where the souls of those who have died in Christ could be aided or helped by the prayers of the living. John Wesley himself believed in an intermediate state between and the final judgment [sic], where those who rejected Christ would be aware of their coming doom (not yet pronounced), and believers would share in the "bosom of Abraham" or "paradise," even continuing to grow in holiness there. This belief, however, is not formally affirmed in Methodist doctrinal standards, which reject the idea of purgatory but beyond that maintain silence on what lies between death and the last judgment."
United Methodists have no official doctrine on "heaven" or "hell" except for this confessional statement: "We believe in the resurrection of the dead, the righteous to life eternal and the wicked to endless condemnation."...3) From John Henry Overton (_PHONE_), John Wesley, Boston and New York: Houghton, Mifflin & Co. / The Riverside Press, Cambridge, 1891, p. 39:
John Wesley believed in the intermediate state between death and the final judgment "where believers would share in the 'bosom of Abraham' or 'paradise,' even continuing to grow in holiness there," writes Ted Campbell, a professor at Perkins School of Theology, in his 1999 book Methodist Doctrine: The Essentials (Abingdon). That view has not been officially affirmed by the church.
("Heavenly minded: It's time to get our eschatology right, say scholars, authors," Robin Russell, 6 April 2009)
"1756, November 1, was a day of triumphant joy, as All Saints' Day generally is. How superstitious are they who scruple giving God solemn thanks for the lives and deaths of His saints!4) Letter to John Wesley (26 March 1770) from Calvinist Anglican Augustus Toplady (_PHONE_):
"1767, November 1. Being All Saints' Day (a Festival I dearly love)... "...
He always made a point of preaching on "The Communion of Saints" on All Saints' Day. He thoroughly realized the doctrine of the Intermediate State, and to his dying day used to speak of his departed Christian friends, not as "having gone to heaven," in the popular phraseology, but as being in Paradise, or in Abraham's bosom.
You affect to be deemed a minister of the national Church. Why then do you decry her doctrines, and, as far as in you lies, sap her discipline? That you decry her doctrines needs no proof: witness, for example, the wide discrepancy between her decisions and yours on the articles of freewill, justification, predestination, perseverance, and sinless perfection; to say nothing concerning your new-fangled doctrine of the intermediate state of departed souls.5) Letter of John Wesley to Miss B (17 April 1776), from The Works of the Rev. John Wesley, Vol. X: Tracts and Letters on Various Subjects, New York: J. & J. Harper, 1827, p. 322:
But what is the essential part of heaven? Undoubtedly it is To see God: To know God: To love God. We shall then know both his Nature, and his works of creation and providence, and of redemption. Even in paradise, in the intermediate state between death and the resurrection, we shall learn more concerning these in an hour, than we could in an age, during our stay in the body. We cannot tell indeed how we shall then exist, or what kind or organs we shall have: the soul will not be encumbered with flesh and blood; but probably it will have some sort of ethereal vehicle, even before God clothes us "with our nobler house of empyrean light."6) Albert C. Outler (_PHONE_), John Wesley: Folk-Theologian, Theology Today, Vol. 34, No. 2, July 1977:
His lively discussions of "the intermediate state" are integral to his eschatology as a whole.7) Karen B. Westerfield Tucker, American Methodist Worship, Oxford University Press, 2001, p. 202:
[footnote: Cf., e.g., his sermon "Of Hell," 1.4; "The Trouble and Rest of Good Men," Proem., II.6; "The Rich Man and Lazarus," 1.3; "On Worldly Folly," II.6; "On Faith" (Heb. 11:1), 4.]
Decisions made during life were therefore inseparably connected to what came after life. Upon death, according to Wesley, the souls of the deceased would enter an intermediate, penultimate state in which they would remain until reunited with the body at the resurrection of the dead. In that state variously identified as "the ante-chamber of heaven," "Abraham's bosom," and "paradise,"...8) Douglas P. Finkbeiner, "Interpreting Luke 16: Abraham, Lazarus, and the Rich Man -- Parable or History?":
John Wesley on the parable–But is the subsequent account merely a parable, or a real history? It has been believed by many, and roundly asserted, to be a mere parable, because of one or two circumstances therein, which are not easy to be accounted for. In particular, it is hard to conceive, how a person in hell could hold conversation with one in paradise. But, admitting we cannot account for this, will it overbalance an express assertion of our Lord: "There was," says our Lord, "a certain rich man." -- Was there not? Did such a man never exist? "And there was a certain beggar named Lazarus."- -Was there, or was there not? Is it not bold enough, positively to deny what our blessed Lord positively affirms? Therefore, we cannot reasonably doubt, but the whole narration, with all its circumstances, is exactly true. And Theophylact (one of the ancient commentators on the Scriptures) observes upon the text, that, "according to the tradition of the Jews, Lazarus lived at Jerusalem.


text:
VELUX Daylight Visualizer is a professional lighting simulation tool for the analysis of daylight conditions in buildings.
It is intended for use in the early design phase of a building to inform architects and engineers about the impact of various design choices on daylight performance. With Daylight Visualizer you can take more informed decisions about daylight performance in your architectural design:
- it calculates the amount of daylight that will be available inside a building space
- it can be used to optimise the daylight situation, for instance in a refurbishment project
- it visualises the appearance of daylight with photo-realistic images, quantifies the amount and distribution of daylight with false color images
- it visualises how daylight situation is perceived under different CIE (The International Commission on Illumination - the Commission Internationale de
l'Eclairage) sky conditions.


text:
Black athletes from Muhammad Ali to Michael Jordan have transformed their sports. But has our society's fixation on black athletes hurt other African-Americans? Next time on To the Best of Our Knowledge, sports and race in America. Also, basketball legend Kareem Abdul Jabbar talks about his heroes.
John Hoberman teaches languages at the University of Texas. He talks with Judith Strasser about his book "Darwin's Athletes: How Sport Has Damaged Black America and Preserved the Myth of Race." Also, Chet Walker, formerly an all-star player in the NBA and now a Hollywood TV and movie producer, tells Steve Paulson that he was used as a Black athlete by his mostly white college, but acknowledges that sports gave him many opportunities he would not otherwise have had. Walker's memoir is "Long Time Coming: A Black Athlete's Coming-ofAge in America."SEGMENT 2:
Basketball fan and poet Dennis Trudell has compiled an anthology of basketball-inspired poems and short stories. He reads some samples and talks about them with Jim Fleming. The book is called "Full Court."SEGMENT 3:
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar is one of the most celebrated athletes in basketball history. After a great career at UCLA (where he majored in history), he led both the Bucks and the Lakers to NBA championships. Now he's written a book: "Black Profiles in Courage: A Legacy of African American Achievement" which chronicles the contributions of African-Americans in the New World starting in the sixteenth century. And none of the profiles is of an athlete. Abdul-Jabbar tells Steve Paulson why.
Page Design and Management by Jim Fleming at Wisconsin Public Radio.
© Copyright 1997 Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System.


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What are the collective impacts of the last Supreme Court term on our lives and our rights? [ dur: 18mins ]
- Erwin Chemerinsky is the founding Dean and Distinguished Professor of Law at the University of California, Irvine School of Law. He is the author of books, including, Constitutional Law, and The Conservative Assault on the Constitution.
Then, the life, legacy and leadership of Nelson Mandela in the words of one of his closest colleagues. [ dur: 10 mins ]
- Albie Sachs, former South African Constitutional Court judge; Author of many books, including The Soft Vengeance of a Freedom Fighter and The Strange Alchemy of Life and Law
Finally, in the wake of President Obama's new climate plan, three of the world's top scientists assess how to heal this planet. [ dur: 28 mins. ]
- Mark Z. Jacobson is Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Director of Atmosphere/Energy Program at Stanford. He is the author of Air Pollution and Global Warming: History, Science, and Solutions and Atmospheric Pollution: History, Science, and Regulation
- Michael E. Mann is a Professor of Meteorology at Penn State University, and the director of the Penn State Earth System Science Center. Dr. Mann is author of more than 150 peer-reviewed and edited publications, and two books including, Dire Predictions: Understanding Global Warming, and The Hockey Stick and the Climate Wars: Dispatches from the Front Lines. He is also a lead author for the 2007 Intergovernmental Panel on climate change for which he, his coauthors, and VP Al Gore won the Nobel prize.
- Peter Ward is Professor of Biology at the University of Washington. He is the author of Our Flooded Earth, Under a Green Sky: global warming, the mass extinctions of the past and what they can tell us about our future mass extinctions, and, Out of Thin Air: Dinosaurs, Birds, and Earth's Ancient Atmosphere.
Visit our Store [ lists books written by each on this panel ]


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An interesting tidbit about the Thai language is that there are different words for maternal and paternal grandparents, so by using the word คุณย่า (kun yâa – paternal grandmother) instead of คุณยาย (kun yaai – maternal grandmother) it can be inferred that it's my dad's mom who is Thai, not my mom's mom without me needing to elaborate.
After introductions I showed a few of the programs I made to help me learn Thai and explained briefly what they did. The first one was my program to help tell the time. This came from one of my first posts on this blog, Telling Time in Thai.
Second program, my Days of the Week quiz, also about something I made for the blog. I did say the English words "Saturday, Sunday, Friday" here because I was explaining that you have to select the correct English word in this example. Though my childlike enthusiasm when saying "ถูก!" (tùuk – correct, can also mean inexpensive) got me another laugh from the crowd.
This is the only example I shared that isn't from the blog, JamDai, the Vocabulary Card Matching Game I made. Instead of ถูก, this one ends with a supportive เก่งมาก (gèng mâak – very good, clever, skillful, superbly performed).
The final example I shared was the Thai Chat Bot I made recently. Got a couple more laughs here excitedly reading the chat between myself and the bot and explaining that the bot is male since he uses the polite term "ครับ" (kráp) instead of "ค่ะ" (kâ).
Though, if I end up adding text-to-speech that may change since all the existing Thai text-to-speech tools I can find only have a female voice. I have noticed that general service messages, or posted announcements tend to be either gender neutral or use female terms. Another interesting difference between Thai and English is that there's no difference between she and he, it's the same word (เขา – kǎo) so no need to worry about misgendering someone because you don't need to refer to people by their gender. Though you do gender yourself by the self-referential pronouns you use, ผม (pǒm – I (male)) and ฉัน (chǎn – I (female)). There are instances when speakers will use the opposite gender terms such as a male using female terms with close family members or intimate partners to show softness/gentleness (it's common for male singers to use ฉัน in love songs for example) or women might use male terms to show harshness or to be stern. Reveals some of the cultural connotations surrounding gender.
I'm very glad I took this risk even though it was scary, I'm happy with how it went. I hope to continue growing and using my Thai language skills. It would be great to be able to speak directly to the parents of my students who speak Thai instead of relying on a translator (though, the Thai staff that helps us with that are awesome!) And of course, the most rewarding way in which I use this skill is getting to connect more with my family members on this side of the globe. Even though initially, I barely knew any Thai, they've been so kind, welcoming and warm to me.
I have to give a special shout-out to my wonderful girlfriend, Mild, who took a look over my slides for me and offered suggestions to improve them. In general, she's been a huge factor in helping me learn and pushed me take chances like this.
Making a Thai Chat Bot
An assignment I've seen several Computer Science teachers give their students is to write a chat bot. I thought that could be cool to do with my students and I always run though assignments myself before assigning them to a class. So, for my take on the assignment, I decided to make a chat bot that speaks Thai. For the code, check it out on codepen. Note that the bot only knows the Thai script, phonetic transcription won't work. To chat with it visit this page or try it out below:
There are lots of Natural Language Processing (NLP) tools out there for English but there aren't as many in Thai. I took a pretty naive approach to my implementation since there are several challenges in NLP unique to Thai (even tokenizing words is nontrivial since there aren't spaces between words in the Thai script).
The relevant function in the code is the one that determines what the bot's response will be to what the user types. To start, lets just have it respond with ไม่เข้าใจ (mai kao jai – I don't understand) to anything said. Our bot just arrived in Thailand and doesn't know any phrases other than this.
function chatbotResponse() {
 botMessage = "ไม่เข้าใจ";
Alright, we have something going. Next, let's teach our bot some basic greetings. How do we know if someone is greeting us? We could check to see if the user includes "สวัสดี" or "หวัดดี" anywhere in their message. That covers formal or informal and whatever articles someone may add at the end. It would catch user messages like "หวัดดี" (wat dee – hi) and "สวัสดีค่ะ/ครับ" (sawatdee ka/khrab – Hello) or as my first student tester entered: "สวัสดีจ้าาา" (sawatdee jaaaa – more colloquial way of saying hello in chat) Let's respond with a random greeting such as สวัสดี (sa wat dee – hello) or สวัสดีครับ (sa wat dee khrab – hello). I've chosen to make my bot male so I'll use particles like ครับ instead of ค่ะ. I'll remember that going forward to stay consistent.
if (lastUserMessage.includes('สวัสดี') || lastUserMessage.includes('หวัดดี')) {
 /* randomElement is a custom function to pick one of the words in the given list */
 botMessage = randomElement(['สวัสดี','วัสดีครับ','สวัสดีครับ']);
Cool, now maybe we should give our bot a name. "Bot" seems appropriate, but let's write it in Thai:
botName = 'บอท';
if (lastUserMessage.includes('ชื่อ')) {
 botMessage = 'ผมชื่อ' + botName;
Again, บอท is male, so we used ผม (pom) for I instead of ฉัน (chan). Next, we should check if the user is asking how we are. Since Bot is a pretty chill guy let's have him always give a positive response.
 if (lastUserMessage.includes('เป็นอย่างไรบ้าง') || lastUserMessage.includes('สบายดีไหม') || lastUserMessage.includes('สบายดีมั้ย')) {
 botMessage = 'สบายดีมากครับ';
Alright, we're beefing up Bot's vocabulary. How about another easy one, "Thank you" and "You're welcome". In Thai we might say thank you with either ขอบคุณ ครับ/ค่ะ (kop khun khrap/ka) or the more casual ขอบใจ (kop jai). We could respond with ยินดีครับ (yin dee khrap – you're welcome) or ไม่เป็นไร (mai bpen rai – no problem/no worries), and of course we could always throw a ครับ (khrap) at the end to add some politeness.
 if (lastUserMessage.includes('ขอบคุณ') || lastUserMessage.includes('ขอบใจ')) {
 botMessage = randomElement([
Let's give our bot a useful feature. How about telling you the time if you ask? กี่โมง (gee mong (long 'o' sound)) is how to ask what time it is so let's check if the user writes that. And if so, we'll print out the current time.
/* what time is it? */
if (lastUserMessage.includes('กี่โมง')) {
 botMessage = new Date().toLocaleTimeString();
Now, how about a sense of humor? When chatting in Thai, it's common to see the number 5 (pronounced 'ha' in Thai) used for laughter. Maybe 555 or even more 5's if it's really funny. So, if we see the word ตลก (talok – funny) in the user's message let's output a string of 5's (anywhere from 3 to 9) to indicate Bot's amusement.
if (lastUserMessage.includes('ตลก')) {
 let extra_fives = Math.floor(Math.random()*6);
 botMessage = '555';
 for (var i=0; i < extra_fives; ++i) {
 botMessage += '5';
Alright, let's try something a bit more complicated. Let's try to detect if the user is asking a question and respond either positively or negatively. ไหม (mai, also written as มั้ย) is a particle added to the end of a statement to make it a question. i.e.
เอาไหม (ow mai – do you want it?)
ไปไหม (pai mai – do you want to go?)
To respond positively we just chop off the question particle and use the verb i.e.
เอา (ow – I want it)
ไป (pai – let's go)
To respond negatively we still chop off the particle but also add a negation (ไม่ – mai


How To Measure Arrow Length
When I first got into archery, I did some initial research and knew about the different bows sizes but does the length of the arrow really matter? Surely an arrow is an arrow, right? You just nock it into the bow and shoot? Nope, there is a lot more to it than that!
Don't worry though, it's not as complicated as it might sound. The aim of this guide is to help show you what Arrow Length is, why it's important and how to learn what length of arrows you should use.
It's very important that you need to understand is that not all arrows are the same. The arrows that people use are based on their needs and their size, they are measure to them. It is, therefore, a really bad idea to shoot with someone else arrows, as they won't be suitable for you.
Arrow Length Vs Arrow Size
The first thing to understand is that the length and the size are two completely different things.
 - The length of the arrow refers to the overall length of the shaft
 - Arrow size is referring to the spine and how stiff the arrow is. It is used to determine the thickness of the shaft and how much you are able to flex it before the arrow bends.
 - Arrow Length Is Important For Your Safety
 - No doubt you can figure out that the arrow is the most dangerous part of archery, injuries can come from arrows before they have even left the bow. When you draw the bowstring back with the arrow attached, if the arrow is too short it could result in it falling off the rest.
But why is that so bad?
If the arrow falls off the rest at the point of shooting, the risk is that it could shoot straight into the hand holding the bow grip…Ouch, that is going to hurt!
This kind of injury will cause lasting impacts on not just your archery but will also impact all aspects of your life. Luckily, if you do measure your arrow length correctly, this shouldn't happen!
The arrow should be big enough that even when at full draw, the arrow tip should still be slightly past the riser.
How To Measure Correct Arrow Length
There are three methods that can be done to determine what length of arrow you need, two of these can be done on your own whereas the other you will need someone to help. You will also need a tape measure and something to mark such as a Sharpie.
There are also a couple of things you need to ensure before starting;
 - Ensure Correct Posture
 - In order to get the correct measurements, you need to imagine you are standing at the target and ready to draw your bow. Its therefore very important that when taking measurements, you have the correct posture and stance.
 - Correct Drawing of the Bow
 - As well as posture, you need to pretend that you are actually drawing a bow. If you do have a bow then you could actually draw it with an arrow being nocked. (but don't let go of the bowstring!)
 Make sure the hand you hold the bow with is stretched our and your drawing hand is at the anchor point. You need to it be as exact and correct as possible to keep your shoulders up and in a straight line.
For advice on learning about drawing a bow, check out my how to shoot a bow guide
How To Measure Arrow Length – The 3 Best Methods
1. Measuring Your Arm
This method can be done alone if you do not have someone to help, although you will need a tape measure. Hold the tape measure with the hand that you would usually hold your bow with. With your drawing hand pull on the metal part of the tape measure and stretch out the tape until it reaches your anchor point.
With your hand that's holding the tape measure, flip the switch that locks it in position. Look at the measurement and add an additional 1 inch, this would be your arrow length.
If you do have someone that can help measure then stretch your arms out in front of you and extend your fingers with your palms together. If your friend then measures from your chest to your fingertips and adds an additional 1 inch, you will find the correct length for your arrows.
2. Measuring Your Draw
This second method you will need someone to help, as well as a measuring tape and a bow for you to hold. To determine the arrow length you simply need to hold up the bow and draw the bowstring back to your chosen anchor point, your friend will then need to measure from the string to the front of the riser. Once they have this measurement, they will then want to add an extra half an inch.
3. Using A Draw Arrow
A draw arrow is an arrow that has all of the different measurements on it, therefore when you draw it back you can ask someone to tell you're the measurement. Another method of doing this would be to use an extra long arrow and go to full draw and ask someone to mark it with a pen and then measure the distance. Proper draw arrows are however pretty low cost and a little more exact, you can often find them on Amazon.
I hope this article will show you just how important it is to get the right length of arrows. By following one of the above 3 methods you should have the right arrow length and be able to fully draw your bow, without any risk of injury.
Adam has been enjoying the sport of archery since 2010, intially getting the bug for it whilst on holiday and trying it out in an activity center. Since his very first eperiance of holding a bow and arrow, he fell in love with it and can now be found at the range or in the great outdoors as often as possible.
His main go to bow type is a recurve but he loves shooting from compounds as well. Adam created The Archery Guide as a way to help others get into this great activity and to share his knowledge/experiences.


text: Nerubian warriors are larger and tougher than their brethren, thanks to their specialized diet and their activities. Nerubian warriors are often organized into small bands to patrol a community's defenses, though they more often serve as hunters. To assist both tasks, entrances are covered in thick gossamer barriers that are ensorcelled to rouse the community when breached. Warriors are a stoic lot, as driven as workers. Workers who show unusual physical abilities become warriors. Warriors range between 10 feet and 12 feet tall. Prominent captains (and seers) are elevated to spiderlord status as a community grows.


Latin Proverbs, Mottoes, Phrases, and Words: Group P
Word entries are from Latin unless otherwise indicated.
pace (preposition)
1. Used in front of a name or title as a gesture of real or ironic respect to someone who is mistaken about something and is about to be corrected: "When used in front of a person's name, it is used as an apology when contradicting him or her; such as. 'Pace, Dr. Rogers, but I must point out the errors that you made regarding the political candidate.' "
2. By the leave of; with all deference to, in peace; used when expressing polite disagreement: "Senator Shawn said in response to another senator's statement, 'I must say, pace the distinguished senator, that his conclusions are entirely erroneous.' "
pallida mors
Pale Death.
Part of the quotation: Pallida mors aequo pulsat pede pauperum tabernas regumque turres or "Pale Death, with impartial step, knocks at the cottages of the poor and the palaces of kings." -Horace
Palmam qui meruit ferat.
Let him who has deserved it bear the palm.
Motto of Royal Naval School, U.K.
panem et circenses
Bread and circuses.
The cry of the Roman mob for food and entertainment. -Juvenal.
Food and amusements were said to be the sole interests of the common Romans and the rulers of Rome used this as a means of keeping the masses "satisfied" instead of coming up with real solutions to their economic problems.
Paratae servire.
Prepared to serve.
Motto of Colby-Sawyer College, New London, New Hampshire, USA.
partes aequales; part. aeq.
Equal parts or in equal parts.
Here and there.
Applied to words used many times in a piece of writing.
pater patriae
Father of his country.
paterfamilias (s) (noun), patresfamilias (pl)
1. The male head of a household: The ancient law required that only the paterfamilias could sign the deed to the property.
2. In Roman Law, the head of a household having the authority belonging to that position: After he reached the legal age of the time, the youth was able to claim the authority of paterfamilias because he was old enough to be head of his family since his father had recently died.
3. Etymology: from Latin, literally, "master of a house, head of a family"; from pater, "father" + familias, "family".
Patienter et constanter.
Patiently and steadfastly.
Patientia et perseverantia.
With patience and perseverance.
Patria est, ubicumque est bene.
Translation: "Where ever we are content, that is our country."
A motto by Marcus Pacuvilus (c. 220 - c. 130 B.C.) who wrote fourteen plays and a satire. Only fragments of the plays survive.
Paullatim sed firmiter.
Gradually but surely.
Motto of University College School, London, U.K.
pax (s) (noun)
pax Britannica
The peace of Britain.
The terms imposed by the British on members of its colonial empire. The phrase is credited to Joseph Chamberlain in 1893 to describe the results of British rule in India.


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Contact: Stephanie Burns
BMJ-British Medical Journal
Are we hard-wired to follow celebrity medical advice?
Food for thought: Following celebrities' medical advice: Meta-narrative analysis
Celebrities can generate a large amount of publicity for health campaigns. For example, Michael J Fox's foundation has raised over $350 million for Parkinson's research and singer Sir Elton John's charity has raised more than $300 million to fight HIV/AIDs.
But their efforts are not always helpful. Sometimes the advice given by celebrities conflicts with recommendations from health professionals and research evidence and poses a public health hazard. Examples include former Playboy model Jenny McCarthy's incorrect messages about vaccines causing autism; Katie Couric's recent alarmist coverage of the HPV vaccine; and TV broadcaster Sir Michael Parkinson claiming that "if you can pee against a wall from two feet, you haven't got it [prostate cancer]."
Researchers from McMaster University in Canada looked at how celebrities gain credibility as medical advisors and why the public can fall under their influence when making important health decisions. They analysed economic, marketing, psychology and sociology studies from 1806 to the present day.
The researchers give several explanations for how celebrities gain credibility as medical advisors.
One explanation is "herding", which is people's natural tendency to make decisions based on what others have done in similar situations.
Another explanation is celebrities' "halo effect" which, as the researchers say, gives celebrities a "cloak of generalised trustworthiness which extends well-beyond their industry or expertise". Wanting to follow in their favourite celebrities' footsteps, consumers ignore other information and instead imitate the celebrity's health choices.
Celebrities also portray themselves as having an authentic connection to the product or behaviour they are promoting. So are perceived as having greater credibility than their non-celebrity counterparts, despite having less medical knowledge and experience.
Another theory explaining celebrities' influence is that consumers want to purchase "social capital" from celebrities by acquiring their products, mimicking their lifestyles and taking their medical advice. For people seeking to raise their social status, one strategy is to imitate celebrity behaviours. Furthermore, consumers have a "self esteem motive" as they follow advice from celebrities who match how they want to perceive themselves and feel like they can become more like their favourite celebrity by purchasing products they have endorsed.
The study says health professionals can counter celebrities' negative influences by speaking to their patients about the validity of celebrity advice and cement themselves as sources of reputable health information. "We need to rethink and better understand where people obtain their health information and what makes them act upon it," said Hoffman. "Understanding why people follow celebrities' medical advice represents a good start."


text:
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hundred decimal numbers from *01 to 1*00. The decimal drawn, called a, shows the proportion of the whole period of P from the cage-front C, to K, and back to C, still unperformed at the instant when Q crosses C. Now remark, that
Table showing the Number op the different Velocities on tiie Different Cards.
if Q overtakes P in the first half of its period, it gives its velocity, v, to P and follows it inwards ; and therefore there must be a second impact when P meets it after reflexion from K and gives it back the velocity v which it had on entering. If Q meets P in the second half of its period, Q will, by the first impact, get P's original velocity, and may with this velocity escape from the cage. But it may be overtaken by P before it gets out of the cage, in which case it will go away from the cage with its own original velocity v unchanged. This occurs always if, and never unless, u is less than va ; P's velocity being denoted by u, and Q's by This case of Q overtaken by P can only occur if the entering velocity of Q is greater than the speed of P before collision. Except in this case, P's speed is unchanged by the collision. Hence we see, that it is only when P's speed is greater than Q's before collision, that there can be interchange, and this interchange leaves P with less speed than Q. If every collision involved interchange, the average velocity of P would be equalized by the collisions to the average velocity of Q, and the average distribution of different velocities would be identical for Q and P. Non-fulfilment of this equalizing interchange can, as we have seen, only occur when
Q's speed is less than P's, and therefore the average speed and the average kinetic energy of P must be less than the average kinetic energy of Q.
§ 52. We might be satisfied with this, as directly negativing the Boltzmann-Maxwell doctrine for this case. It is, however, interesting to know, not only that the average kinetic energy of Q is greater than that of the caged atom, but, further, to know how much greater it is. We have therefore worked out summations for 300 collisions between P and Q, beginning with w2=s*5 (w = *71), being approximately the mean of v2 as given by the lottery. It would have made no appreciable difference in the result if we had begun with any value of u, large or small, other than zero. Thus, for example, if we had taken 100 as the first value of u, this speed would have been taken by Q at the first impact, and sent away along the practically infinite row, never to be heard of again ; and the next value of u would have been the first value drawn by lottery for v. Immediately before each of the subsequent impacts, the velocity of P is that which it had from Q by the preceding impact. In our work, the speeds which P actually had at the first sixteen times of Q's entering the cage were *71, *5, *3, *2, *2, *1, *1, *2, *2, "5, *7, '2, *3, *6, 1*5, *5—from which we see how little effect the choice of *71 for the first speed of P had on those that follow. The summations were taken in successive groups of ten ; in every one of these St;2 exceeded Xu*. For the 300 we found 2^*= 148*53 and 2w2 = 61#62, of which the former is 2*41 times the latter. The two ought to be equal according to the Boltzmann-Maxwell doctrine. Dividing by 300 we find *495, which chances to more nearly the *5 we intended than the *52 which is on the cards (§ 51 above). A still greater deviation (2*71 instead of 2*41) was found by taking 2v3 and 'Zu'2v to allow for greater probability of impact with greater than with smaller values of v ; v! being the velocity of P after collision with Q.
§ 53. We have seen in § 51 that %uq must be less than Sv*, but it seemed interesting to find how much less it would be with some other than the Maxwellian law of distribution of velocities. We therefore arranged cards for a lottery, with an arbitrarily chosen distribution, quite different from the Maxwellian. Eleven cards, each with one of the eleven numbers 1, 3.... 19, 21, to correspond to the different velocities *1, *3.... 1*9, 2*1, were prepared and used instead of the nine cards in the process described in § 51 above. In all except one of the eleven tens, was greater than %u2, and for the whole 110 impacts we found 2v2 = 179*90,


text:
Nearly everyone has seen an ill, injured or orphaned pigeon in their life – be it in a city, town, park or a garden. There are a lot of predators, disease and harmful things out there that affect pigeons, and sometimes people don't know what is the right thing to do when they come across a baby pigeon or an injured or ill pigeon.
First, let me just say that pigeons do not carry millions of diseases that humans can contract. That is just scaremongering, mainly from pest control companies (that are out to make money) and ignorant people (who either hate pigeons or are afraid of them). All living beings carry disease – humans included! – and some do pass on to other species, however, if everyone just used a bit of common sense, such as good hygiene measures (e.g. wash your hands after coming in from outside), then this myth that pigeons are infested with disease that will kill you and your family wouldn't be as big of a problem as it is. You can contract disease from a dog or a cat but are they hated as much as feral pigeons? Makes little sense to me.
A pest or vermin is defined by people as any animal that is unwanted or destructive, such as rats, mice, pigeons, foxes and racoons, but this term could very well be attributed to cats, dogs, parrots and songbirds, depending on which country and area you are in. 'Pest' and 'vermin' are not synonymous with 'disease'.
The following website supplies good points on the subject (particularly the last paragraph): Pigeons and disease
Ok, back to what to do when you come across an injured, ill or orphaned pigeon. First, after you have correctly assessed that the pigeon is indeed in need of rescuing (a broken wing or foot is pretty easy to recognise, however, read the following about Recognising a sick pigeon and Rescuing a baby pigeon), you need to safely capture it and place it in a box, cat carrier or other secure container (make sure there are air holes!). Put an old towel, cloth or tissue paper in the box so that the pigeon can grip onto something and to also keep it warm.
After you have the pigeon in a secure box and put it in a quiet place, contact your local animal rescue centre or wildlife hospital and ask if they can help. Unfortunately, some places do not treat pigeons (since they may consider them as pests) so you need to find a pigeon friendly rescue centre. The best place to find your local rescue centre is to search for it on the internet or look in a phone book. Your local vet or pet shop may also know of an animal rescue centre in the area.
You can take the rescued pigeon to a veterinary surgery, however, many will simply euthanise the bird unless you are willing to pay for its treatment and care. Ask before handing the pigeon over. Some veterinary surgeries will transfer the pigeon to a wildlife rescue centre.
The following link contains a list of wildlife hospitals, sanctuaries and veterinary surgeries around the world that are pigeon friendly: Matilda's List
This website lists pigeon friendly places in the United Kingdom: Pigeon Friendly Rescue Centres in the UK
The main thing is to not panic. Find someone who can give you advice and help you and the pigeon. Hopefully you'll feel good about rescuing a pigeon in need.


Article on political violence executed in the Aleppo province during 2013
Killing the dispensables: massacres perpetrated in the villages of Eastern Aleppo Province in 2013
Author: Josepha Wessels (Malmö University)
April, 2021
British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies
In 2013, Aleppo province was engulfed in violence. The Syrian Arab Army (SAA) and affiliated Shi'a militias executed a campaign of massacres in the rural areas located on the eastern fringes of the province. The violence caused an exodus from this region, eventually dissipating local rural communities entirely. What can explain such extreme and brutal political violence perpetrated at a local level in the east Aleppo countryside throughout 2013? To find an answer, I analyse the personal accounts of those who witnessed the violence and YouTube videos.
Taken together, these sources provide a visceral description of the massacres—in particular the summary executions in the village of Rasm al-Nafl, as a case study of extreme violence in one of the poorest rural areas of Syria. Problematizing mono-causal sectarian explanations, I argue that a deeper non-sectarian complex of rurality and a process of subaltern othering in combination with opportunism, governmental retribution, and strategic military concern for territorial control in order to secure alternative supply routes to Aleppo, ultimately led to the eradication of life and cultural genocide in these rural areas.


Did you know there are over 3,000 known species of catfish? However, in North America, there are only a few freshwater and saltwater catfish species that pique angler's interests. Typically, catfish are easily identifiable by their whiskers or barbels, with each subspecies having distinct characteristics from one another. Specifically, it would be best to learn how to identify catfish species to avoid running into trouble with a game warden. This article will look at the common catfish species and show you how to identify them.
How to Identify Catfish Species
There are many questions anglers typically have regarding how they can quickly recognize the difference amongst each catfish species. Like, what kind of physical attributes should they look at on each fish. Or how to figure out the gender. Thus, we'll start by first examining how to tell if a catfish is a male or female.
How to Tell If a Catfish Is a Male or Female
In most states, you'll rarely come across regulations on which gender of catfish you can pull up. However, if you are still interested in learning the sex of your catfish, here are some ways to tell.
 - Male catfish have broad, muscular heads with thick lips
 - Males are often darker than females
 - Pre-spawn females are filled with eggs
 - Males have brighter colored fins
 - Males have nipple-shaped raised genitals
 - Females have a rounded opening around their genitals
Common Freshwater Catfish Species
The most common freshwater catfish species anglers are known to target flathead, channel, blue, and bullhead catfish. Now, let's take a look at what makes each species unique:
Flathead Catfish
A flathead catfish against a white background.
Flathead Catfish are known to grow to trophy sizes. For instance, the world record flathead, recorded by the International Game Fish Association (IGFA), weighs 123 pounds and is above five feet in length. As its name implies, the easiest way to distinguish a flathead from another catfish is by its broad flat-shaped head. In addition, to its distinctive head shape, other characteristics of a flathead catfish:
 - Scaleless, yellowish, olive-colored skin
 - Mottled back and sides with black and brown
 - Pale yellow or cream-colored belly
 - Protruding lower jaw
 - Slightly notched tail fin
Channel Catfish
A channel catfish against a white background
Channel Catfish are the most common catfish species across the United States of America. Additionally, channels are native to waters ranging from Southern Canada to Mexico. Unlike flathead catfish, channels don't get nearly as large. For example, the world record channel catfish, recorded by the IGFA, weighs 58 pounds, and the longest one measuring just short of three feet in length. Here is a list of identifiable qualities channel catfish possess:
 - Scaleless, dark brownish to slate-gray skin on top
 - Silver to white skin on its sides and belly
 - Slender looking body
 - The upper jaw is longer than its lower jaw
 - Deeply forked tail fin
Furthermore, mature male channels tend to get mistaken as blue catfish because of their darker skin tone and lack of spots.
Blue Catfish
Blue Catfish against a white background.
When most people think of trophy-sized catfish, they usually think of flatheads. However, little do they know; blues are the largest and most migratory North American catfish species. The world record for blue catfish, recorded by the IGFA, weighs 143 pounds, with the longest one measuring over four feet in length. Often, blue catfish are mistaken for channel catfish because of their bluish-gray skin tone. So, here is a list of unique markings to help you identify blue cats more easily:
 - Scaleless, bluish-gray skin on top
 - Silvery white skin on its side and belly
 - Whitish colored fins
 - Wedge-shaped appearance
 - Long, straight-edged anal fin
 - Forked tail fin
Bullhead Catfish
A bullhead catfish against a white background.
Often, anglers catch bullhead catfish accidentally. In most states, bullhead catfish are considered non-game fish and can be targeted using various alternative fishing methods, from bow-fishing to snagging. Generally, you can find bullheads in either fresh, brackish, and low-oxygenated waters. There are four common types of bullhead catfish found in North America: black, brown, yellow, and flat bullheads. Here's a list of qualities that set bullheads apart from the other catfish species:
 - Colors vary between bullheads, ranging from yellow, brown, and black
 - Mottled dark skin on its side for browns and flats
 - Pigmented barbels
 - Squared tail fin
Additionally, bullheads are the smallest catfish species in North America, with the largest bullhead weighing eight pounds.
Common Saltwater Catfish Species
Did you know many catfish species live in saltwater? However, only two saltwater catfish species are the most sought-after gafftopsail and hardhead catfish.
Gafftopsail Catfish
Gafftopsail catfish against a white background.
Gafftopsail catfish are also known as sail cats. They get their name from their tall, sail-like dorsal fin. However, although their dorsal fin looks majestic at first glance, you want to stray away from touching it. Specifically, just like freshwater catfish, they have three venomous spines on their dorsal and pectoral fins.
In addition to their sharp spines, a thick toxic slime coats their entire bodies. This slimy residue from their bodies gets all over the place, making them an unfavorable catch for most anglers. For instance, like bullheads, gafftopsails are often caught accidentally by anglers, with the largest one weighing 10 pounds. Here is a list of distinguishing features of a gafftopsail catfish:
 - Scaleless, bluish-green back skin
 - Silver-white belly skin
 - Tall, sail-like dorsal fin
 - Flattened, elongated barbels
 - Forked tail fin
Hardhead Catfish
A hardhead catfish against a white background.
The hardhead catfish get their name from the rock-like bony plate on the top of their head. In addition to their solid heads, anglers should be wary of a hardhead's serrated spines. Often, hardheads are referred to as trash fish by most anglers and aren't considered good eating.
Additionally, anglers can locate hardheads along the southeast U.S. Atlantic coast and Gulf coast. Many anglers rarely target hardheads; however, these fish are notorious for stealing your bait and ending up at the end of your hook. Currently, the largest hardhead recorded by the IGFA weighs four pounds and 11 ounces. Here are the characteristics of a hardhead catfish:
 - Scaleless, grayish-green back skin
 - White to yellowish belly
 - Elongated body
 - Moderately flat head
 - Broadly arced upper jaw
 - Forked tail fin
Stay Out of Trouble With the DNR!
Remember, there is more to identifying each catfish species than just looking at their colors. To correctly identify a catfish, you need to examine the shape of its dorsal and tail fin, the form of its body and head, and its jawline.
Note, most states have different restrictions and regulations for each catfish species. So, it's essential to know how to tell them apart to stay out of trouble with your local DNR agents.
Do you have any questions on how to identify catfish? Let us know in the comments below. Did you enjoy this article? Consider sharing it with your fishing buddies.


Covelo fire burned 617 acres
Full containment of the Pass Fire located east of Covelo, stubbornly eluded CalFire and the US Forest Service firefighters over the weekend.
Monday afternoon, the 617-acre fire was 97 percent contained. Cost as of 10:30 a.m. Monday was $2.6 million, but fire personnel had been reduced to 277 persons from a peak of 921.
When the fire began August 3at noon, it was attacked heavily from the air, as ground resources surged to the location. Initially, the fire threatened several structures near the Eel River Work Center, but then burned north and east, leaving the structures unharmed. Steep hills in the fire zone were covered with a combination of dry grass and oaks on the western slopes and grass and heavy manzanita on the eastern sides.
Containment was particularly challenging in the area located in the steep canyon slopes above the Eel River.
Fire engines from Little Lake, Ukiah Valley, Redwood Valley, Brooktrails and Laytonville fire departments responded to the mutual-aid call just after the fire started, and remained on the fire lines until Friday afternoon. Local firefighters slept on the ground and ate field rations for much of their time out.
In the early stage, the fire size was estimated at 800 acres, but as overflights mapped the fire boundaries more accurately, the official size was scaled back to 644 acres and finally to 617 acres.
Although the fire began in the state responsibility area, it quickly crossed into lands managed by the US Bureau of Land Management and Mendocino National Forest. The fire response was co-managed by CalFire and the U.S. Forest Service.
One firefighter suffered a wrist injury during the fire.


text:
Letters Section Editor: Stephen J. Lurie,
MD, PhD, Senior Editor.
To the Editor: Dr Owsley and colleagues1 found that adults with cataracts were less likely
to be involved in motor vehicle crashes if they underwent cataract surgery.
Owsley et al acknowledge that their study was not designed to measure the
potential impact of unilateral vs bilateral cataract surgery on risk of motor
vehicle crashes. It is possible, however, that having dissimilar vision in
the 2 eyes may actually increase the likelihood of crashes. For instance,
Felson et al2 found an increased risk of
falls and fractures among subjects with good vision in one eye and poor vision
in the other.
Javitt JC. Risk of Motor Vehicle Crashes in Patients With Cataract Surgery. JAMA. 2002;288(18):2262-2263. doi:10.1001/jama.288.18.2262


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Paschal Sheeran's research has found that we successfully achieve our goals only half the time. Here he shares three steps to go from dreaming to doing.
Professor Sheeran poses for a portrait in Davie Hall. (Johnny Andrews/UNC-Chapel Hill)
We all daydream about our goals — getting that promotion, giving up smoking or spending less time on social media. But research shows that no matter how good our intentions, we only reach our goals about 50% of the time.
"Everybody has goals. They want to lose weight, exercise more, control their emotions. So why don't they?" asked Paschal Sheeran, a professor of psychology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill's College of Arts & Sciences.
Sheeran, who first documented the gap between our intentions and our behaviors in 2002, has dedicated his career to answering that question. And while it takes hard work to achieve a goal, it turns out the basic steps to get there are relatively simple.
Here he shares three tips to help you make your goals a reality.
Add reality to your daydreaming.
Positive thinking usually seems like a good idea, but when it comes to our goals, daydreaming can actually stand in our way. Instead, Sheeran suggests also focusing on the obstacles.
"When you think about how wonderful it's going to be when you achieve your dream, what you're doing is savoring the pleasure now that comes from actually having done the work," Sheeran said. "If you're already savoring the pleasure that is going to come, why bother doing the work?"
The solution is called mental contrasting. When you think about how great it will be to achieve your goal, you should also ask yourself, "What is the biggest obstacle that prevents me from getting there?"
Mental contrasting helps bring your attention back to reality and motivates you to tackle the next roadblock.
Create an if-then plan.
How do you tackle roadblocks? Take a piece of paper and write down an if-then plan, filling in the blanks for your own goal: If (obstacle), then I will (response). For example: If I'm craving a cigarette, I will wait 10 minutes for the craving to pass.
"It seems ludicrously simple," Sheeran said, but it works.
In a study on teen pregnancy prevention, Sheeran found that teens who used the if-then formula to plan contraceptive use decreased their risk of pregnancy by 40%. In another study, patients with epilepsy who used if-then plans to manage their medication use went from taking 50% of their pills on time, to 80% on time.
"It just alters the probability of doing the right thing at the right time," he said. "You are basically deciding in advance how you want to respond, so that at the critical moment it becomes easier to act the way you want."
Try "self-nudging."
Self-nudging is about creating an environment where success is easier to achieve.
If you want to go to the gym in the morning, for example, put your gym bag on the doorstep. If you want to eat more fruit, place a bowl of fruit in a visible place in your kitchen. And if you want to eat fewer snacks, put them in the most awkward part of the freezer.
Another way to self-nudge is to plan out when you're going to indulge — if you eat tiramisu seven days a week and want to eat it only three days a week, decide which three days you'll have dessert.
"Life comes down to tiny moments. Can you get through this craving, rather than have a cigarette after you quit? Can you get through this moment where you want the tiramisu rather than following the diet?" Sheeran said. "The accumulation of those tiny moments is what makes a life and a lifestyle."
By Emilie Poplett, University Communications.
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For pursuing a post graduate course in economics, you're usually expected to have economics as a major subject in your undergraduate studies. Below, we have listed various possible job opportunities for an economics postgraduate.
Course NameApplication FeeApply
MA Economics from PuneRs 100Apply Online
Economics product Image
As an auditor, you will be examining spreadsheet data, analyzing company accounts, checking the safety of assets and ensuring that the financial records of a company are valid and legal. There are internal and external auditors. As an internal auditor, you will be looking at factors other than examining the financial accounts such as growth, environmental stability and ethics of the company. An external auditor is responsible for overseeing that the money collected through taxes is being used efficiently. An auditor can also advise on the possible risks and the cost savings that could be made.
Financial Manager
For any organization to succeed, it has to manage its finances. This is what a financial manager takes care of. You will also be responsible for advising the clients on taking good business decisions for the growth of their company. You will have to prepare financial reports and develop methods will lead to increase in revenue of a company. Your task is to make sure that the company reaches its financial goals and come up with strategies to expand the company.
Data Analyst
If you are very good in mathematics and have some great analytical skills, this is the job for you. From finance to pharmaceuticals to the government sector, data analysts are in high demand. For this, you need to have good communication skills, be observant and organized. You will be required to develop surveys, conduct them and analyze the data collected. Also, you have to check data quality and audit it. You will be analyzing large sets of data, drawing conclusions from them and present them using tools.
If you have really good organizational and time management skills, this is a job for you to consider. The competition for this field is really tight, and you need everything you can to enhance your skills. Learning a few foreign languages might come in really handy. As an economist, you will be analyzing data and statistics, carry out research and collect information. From this, you will be developing strategies to increase the efficiency. It also includes offering advice to stakeholders and assess the past and current economic trends.
Course NameApplication FeeApply
MA Economics PuneRs 100Apply Online
Chartered Accountant
The work of a chartered accountant includes providing financial advice, auditing accounts and offering information with respect to financial records. Leadership qualities, team-working skills, good communication skills and a methodical approach towards things are necessary for this job. As a charted accountant, you can work in any sector and in any organization. You will be managing financial systems and budgets, investigating risks associated with a company, checking for frauds and coming up with measures to prevent frauds.
If you are into analyzing the markets and researching the economy, it is highly advisable to continue your higher studies in the subject. There are various career opportunities out there for postgraduates from economics.
Course NameApplication FeeApply
MA Economics PuneRs 100Apply Online


text: During the Pleistocene Epoch, over 15-thousand years ago, a huge ice sheet covered the ground all the way from Canada down to the Ohio River. On the edges of this ice sheet, great herds of giant mastodons, wooly mammoths and ground sloths were attracted to the warm salt springs that still bubble from the earth at Big Bone Lick State Park. The salty marsh that attracted these prehistoric visitors sometimes proved to be a fatal attraction. Animals became trapped and perished in what the early pioneers called "jelly ground," leaving skeletons and interesting clues about life in prehistoric Kentucky. The fossilized remains of these prehistoric animals were discovered in 1739 and displayed extensively at museums throughout the world. Notable Americans such as Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin personally examined the fossils, many of which are on display today at Big Bone Lick Museum. The scientific community recognizes the site as the "Birthplace of American Vertebrate Paleontology."


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Rabbi Yehuda Loewe, best known as the Maharal of Prague, was one of the greatest Torah giants in the last 500 years. He lived in the 16th century, during a time of great tension for European Jews, when every Pesach season was colored by fears of persecution, beatings, arrests, and worse.
There is a tradition which has not been established, that in the face of these threats, Maharal created a Golem, a humanoid figure formed from mud and brought to life by secret prayers and Kabbalistic sayings. Given the name Yossele, the Golem's purpose was to protect the Prague ghetto from attacks by angry anti-Semites who plotted wicked schemes against the Jews living there.
According to the story, the Jews were saved from many dangers through the might and feats of Yossele. The local people were inspired and reminded of Hashem's constant care and protection.
Generations have been thrilled and entertained by the exploits, adventures and foibles of "Yossele Golem." This book, translated from the Hebrew, presents these exciting stories and their message to a new era of readers.


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Definition of kinetoscope
n. - A machine, for the production of animated pictures, in which a film carrying successive instantaneous views of a moving scene travels uniformly through the field of a magnifying glass. The observer sees each picture, momentarily, through a slit in a revolving disk, and these glimpses, blended by persistence of vision, give the impression of continuous motion. 2
The word "kinetoscope" uses 11 letters: C E E I K N O O P S T.
No direct anagrams for kinetoscope found in this word list.
Words formed by adding one letter before or after kinetoscope (in bold), or to ceeiknoopst in any order:
s - kinetoscopes
All words formed from kinetoscope by changing one letter
Browse words starting with kinetoscope by next letter


text:
Information Bottleneck for Gaussian Variables
Gal Chechik, Amir Globerson, Naftali Tishby, Yair Weiss; 6(Jan):165--188, 2005.
AbstractThe problem of extracting the relevant aspects of data was previously addressed through the information bottleneck (IB) method, through (soft) clustering one variable while preserving information about another - relevance - variable. The current work extends these ideas to obtain continuous representations that preserve relevant information, rather than discrete clusters, for the special case of multivariate Gaussian variables. While the general continuous IB problem is difficult to solve, we provide an analytic solution for the optimal representation and tradeoff between compression and relevance for the this important case. The obtained optimal representation is a noisy linear projection to eigenvectors of the normalized regression matrix Σx|yΣx-1, which is also the basis obtained in canonical correlation analysis. However, in Gaussian IB, the compression tradeoff parameter uniquely determines the dimension, as well as the scale of each eigenvector, through a cascade of structural phase transitions. This introduces a novel interpretation where solutions of different ranks lie on a continuum parametrized by the compression level. Our analysis also provides a complete analytic expression of the preserved information as a function of the compression (the "information-curve"), in terms of the eigenvalue spectrum of the data. As in the discrete case, the information curve is concave and smooth, though it is made of different analytic segments for each optimal dimension. Finally, we show how the algorithmic theory developed in the IB framework provides an iterative algorithm for obtaining the optimal Gaussian projections.


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It is about very popular like fish of aquarium.
DescriptionThe yellow surgeon presents a laterally compressed body. The adults can reach 20 cm length with a thickness of one or two centimetres. The males are slightly taller than the females but delivered to them, yellow luminous, is identical. The night, before theirs body takes a color sinks with a horizontal white bar, coloring which disappears as soon as the day returns.
Their long frayed muzzle enables them to eat algae deeply hidden in the Corail. As the other surgeons (what gives them their common noun), it presents a spine beside the tail.
Food modeThe yellow surgeon is primarily herbivorous but eats time with others of the Crevette S or small animals.
Distribution and habitatsOne generally finds it in not very deep reefs, from -2 to -46 m, in the Pacific and the Indian Ocean, in the west of Hawaii and the east of the Japan.
AquariophilieThe yellow surgeon is a usually preserved fish of sea. Their size out of aquarium can go up to 25 cm but in general it remains in the neighborhoods of 15 cm. It needs an aquarium of at least 300 L but will be more at ease in a larger vat. Being herbivorous, it is relatively easy to nourish. It is usually very robust, but like the other surgeons is sensitive to the Ichtiophthiriose and other common sea water diseases. It is an semi-aggressive fish but that one can usually maintain with other similar fish however it is not possible to keep it with other yellow surgeons (or other surgeons of similar form or size) or then they should be kept in sufficient quantity (six or seven individuals).
Out of Community aquarium it can be maintained with fish such as Apogon fleurieu, large fish - clowns, rascasse, Anguille S, or other surgeons of different pace such as Acanthurus achilles or Paracanthurus hepatus. It does not attack the invertebrates and can thus be placed in an aquarium of reef.
- In the film Le Monde de Nemo (or To find Némo with the Quebec), Bubbles is a yellow surgeon.
- the yellow surgeon is the fish more exported Hawaii and is one of the most popular fish to the the United States.
|Random links:||Councils of Clermont | Wilhelm Ferdinand Erichson | Jean-François Larios | Amphitheater of Plovdiv | Minority with the council of the Commune | Allemand_souabe|


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August 20, 2012
Researchers Study The Lowdown On The Shakedown
Brett Smith for redOrbit.com - Your Universe Online
In continuing a trend that has seen scientists looking to the mechanics of nature for inspiration, researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology are studying the ways in which furry mammals shake themselves dry.The study – which involved 33 different animals, including 16 species and five dog breeds - found that furry mammals can shake 70 percent of the water off their bodies in just a fraction of a second. They also saw that smaller mammals shook at higher oscillations to compensate for their diminutive radius, according to the research team's report published recently in the Journal of Royal Society Interface.
Equipped with a hose and high-speed video camera, Georgia Tech mechanical engineering professor David Hu, along with his colleagues Andrew Dickerson and Zachary Mills, teamed up with Zoo Atlanta to study the drying technique of furry mammals that likely played a role in the evolution and survival of these animals.
"What would you do on a cold day if you were wet and could not towel off or change clothes? Every warm-blooded furry creature faces this dilemma often," Dickerson said. "It turns out that oscillatory shaking exhibited by mammals is a quite efficient way to dry."
The report cited two factors that play an important role in determining how these furry mammals shake off the water that is held close to their bodies by the forces of surface tension. Smaller animals had to oscillate their bodies and heads rapidly to overcome this attractive force. For example, a tiny mouse swings its body 27 times per second, but a grizzly bear does the same thing four times per second.
The skin of furry mammals, which tends to be loose against their bodies, also plays a role in getting these animals dry during a shakedown. As furry mammals oscillate, this loose skin "whips the fluid around much faster than if the skin was tight", said Hu. This whip action increases the acceleration of water droplets on the skin–sending them flying around the animal.
Mammals use this combination of factors to generate forces between 10 and 70 times that of gravity, yet they do so while trying to expend the least amount of energy – a crucial balance that needs to be kept during the colder months.
While wetting down animals and filming them with a high speed camera provides a potentially great viral video, the researchers said they hope the study will provide a window into technology that could remove liquid or dust from machines, like the Curiosity rover that recently landed on the surface of Mars.
"We hope the findings from our research will contribute to technology that can harness these efficient and quick capabilities of drying seen in nature," Dickerson said.
"In the future, self-cleaning and self-drying may arise as an important capability for cameras and other equipment subject to wet or dusty conditions," Hu added.
In addition to observing live animals, the scientists built and studied a ℠robotic wet-dog-shake simulator' that was designed to eject water from its surface.
Hu and Dickerson said their future research will center other ways animals interact with water in the natural world.


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Users are following a Twitter thread that uses data visualization to describe population density throughout the globe. It displays the areas of the world with the densest population and the sparsest population, as posted by Twitter user Tim Urban. Alasdair Rae, a data analyst, and researcher conducted the research for this thread. Mr. Rae claims that the study is based on publicly accessible Global Human Settlement statistics from the European Union.
The population distribution throughout the continents is shown by the data. The East and Southeast of the United States are more densely inhabited than the rest of the nation. The US state with the greatest population density is New Jersey, whereas the states with the lowest population distribution are Wyoming, Montana, North Dakota, and South Dakota.
The population density data also reveals that in the case of India, the Indo-Gangetic plain is one of the planet's most densely inhabited areas. In this section, the bars that show how many people live in a square kilometer are positioned quite close together, in contrast to how thinly populated the far North is.
The thread also demonstrates that Southeast Asia has the cities with the densest populations, the most notable of which is Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia, which is on pace to surpass Tokyo as the world's most populous metropolis by 2030. It went on to say that Java is the most populated island in the world, with a population of 143 million.
According to the Twitter thread, China's Southeast is home to virtually all of its population, and Bangladesh, India's neighbor, is one of the world's most densely inhabited nations. The least dense continents include Europe and Australia, with Iceland having extremely few bar graphs, according to one of the tweets in the discussion.
Earth is basically empty of humans
— Elon Musk (_USER_) July 20, 2022
The tweet sparked a massive conversation on Twitter, in which Elon Musk, a millionaire, also took part. In response to the now widely shared discussion, he replied, "Humans are pretty much nonexistent on Earth."
"Natural resources are being depleted by humans far more quickly than they can be replaced. 1000 times more species are vanishing from the planet than would otherwise be the case "Leilani Munter, an environmentalist, remarked. This Twitter conversation is based on Mr. Rae's initial math crunching from 2020. According to his explanation, each square on the map symbolizes a certain number of residents.


Singlish is a spoken language in Singapore derived from English, Malay, various Chinese dialects and Tamil.
Singlish Translation can refer to both Singlish to English as well as Singlish to Chinese translations.
Singlish is a broad category that encompasses "Singdarin" (Singapore Mandarin). Like Singlish, Singadarin conversations are conversations in Mandarin peppered with the same colourful local phrases found in Singlish, albeit with a higher presence of Chinese dialects like Hokkien and Cantonese.
The common application of Singlish Translation occurs in the subtitling of video interviews, where Singlish speech (made up of various dialects and languages) is translated into English or Chinese. Recorded conversations in Singlish used as evidence in legal proceedings are also first transcribed into a written form before they are submitted to the courts.


text:
The Future: A Very Short Introduction by Jennifer M. Gidley (OUP, 2017)
BOOK REVIEW in Scenario Magazine: Copenhagen Institute for Futures Studies"
"Every day we think of the future in a trivial way. We have short-term and long-term plans for our lives. But as regular readers of this magazine will be aware, the future also exists as a field of study with its own theoretical concepts, history, philosophy, methodology, and scholars whom we typically call futurists.
The Future: A Very Short Introduction is a concise introductory textbook to futures studies written by futurist and former president of the World Futures Studies Federation, Jennifer Gidley. In the book, Gidley tracks the development of futures studies along with the evolution of philosophical thought over the centuries. Studying the future is the first step to anticipating it, and Gidley explains the central principle of the discipline as a way for people to imagine and implement the 'tomorrow' we want.
The book is a must read for erudites desiring to broaden their knowledge on the subject. For those considering applying futures thinking in their academic or corporate research, the book serves as a guide for further reading based on Jennifer Gidley's deep and thorough understanding of futures studies as a discipline."
Scenario: A Briefing on Trends, Ideas, Visions and Possible Futures. Vol. 6, 2017, p. 71. Copenhagen Institute for Futures Studies
To read more Scenario Articles, click here.
To buy The Future: A Very Short Introduction, click here.