text: The non-linear free vibration behavior of functionally graded (FG) orthotropic cylindrical shell interacting with the two-parameter elastic foundation is investigated. The major goal of this research was to obtain a solution for the non-linear frequencies associated with the problem outlined above. The dynamic stability and compatibility equations of FG orthotropic cylindrical shells surrounded by an elastic foundation are derived within the first order shear deformation theory (FSDT) and von Karman strain displacement relationships, and then superposition and Galerkin methods are adopted to convert the above equations into a nonlinear ordinary differential equation. The expression for non-linear frequency of FG orthotropic cylindrical shell surrounded by an elastic foundation within the FSDT is obtained using the homotopy perturbation method (HPM). In particular, similar expression in the framework of the classical shell theory (CST) is obtained, also. The results are compared and validated with the results available in the literature. Finally, the calculation and presentation of the effect of many parameters included in the analysis conclude the goals to be reached in the study. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


text:
The name Virginia ranked 379th in popularity for females of all ages in a sample of 2000-2003 Social Security Administration statistics and 35th in popularity for females of all ages in a sample of the 1990 US Census.
This name is highly rated in the 1990 U.S. Census popularity survey of all ages, but after 1960 does not appear in the state data listing the most popular baby names.
This name was first spelled Verginia, and was the feminine form of an ancient Roman clan name, Verginius. Over time its spelling changed due to its association with the Latin term virgo, meaning ''maiden.'' This meaning has driven the use of the name ever since.
In 1587, this was the name given the first baby born to English colonists in the New World, Virginia Dare. Both the baby and her home colony were named for Elizabeth I, the Virgin Queen of England.
The state of Virginia still proudly bears this name. Virginia Dare's fate was different. She and the rest of the colonists on Roanoke Island mysteriously disappeared within three years of her birth, creating the legend of The Lost Colony which has been reinacted in a grand pageant every summer since 1937.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Optimizing Material Handling for Better Throughput
Material Handling Optimization
Wire baskets, trays, and carriers are used for a variety of applications from work holding to heat treating to cleaning operations. Wire baskets are used in many applications because they are strong, yet lightweight. The open construction of wire baskets allows air circulation, greater visibility of the product, greater accessibility of the product and allows better run off of cleaning solutions during washing or degreasing operations.
The rounded, smooth surface of the wire can allow parts to be guided into chambers or cells without fracturing or nicking fragile components, whether it is a machined metal component for medical, automotive or military applications or a film protecting food products or pharmaceutical preparations. Wire containers are strong and can easily withstand the wear and tear of factory use. Tooling and fabrication costs for wire baskets can be more economical than baskets made of other materials. Metal baskets are better for the environment because when the baskets are no longer needed (due to a change in product or process) the metal can be recycled to be made into reprocessed metal to keep obsolete material out of landfills.
Material handling can become an issue that does not usually arise unless components are being handled improperly. The improper handling often causes parts to become damaged and may contribute to more scrap and lower productivity (due to rework or increased inspection) in certain assembly areas. If parts are not processed efficiently or moved to the next station quickly enough, throughput can be impacted and cause downtime in downstream operations.
Proper material handling techniques can decrease the indirect cost of manufacturing by reducing the number of times a part must be handled and decrease the loss or damage due to mishandling. Many handling baskets also double as storage bins. If parts are not stored properly, damage may occur. Baskets can be designed with a stacking feature which reduces the amount of floor space required for goods in process.
Material Processing
A related issue in material handling is material processing. Material processing can be heat treating, degreasing, washing or sterilizing. The need for adequate material processing containers becomes apparent when parts cannot be processed quickly enough due to improper design, or insufficient capacity. Many components have to be oriented in a certain way to ensure consistent cleaning and drainage or plating coverage or heat treating uniformity. Acme Wire Products can work with your processing engineers to help develop a processing rack or basket that meets your needs.
The more sophisticated or complex the component, the more engineered the container becomes. A component which must go through several machining or fabricating operations already has a significant labor cost already applied to it before it reaches its final state. In this instance, the manufacturer does not want the operators to carelessly put parts into a box and send them onto the next station. A custom basket or rack for handling these items can prevent damage due to mishandling.
For cleaning and sterilizing operations, 300 series stainless steel, either 304 or 316/316L is typically used as the baskets are going into a wet, high-temperature environment. For most handling baskets, zinc plated steel is the preferred material. For new basket applications, Acme Wire Products' engineers will consult with the customer and consider the weight of the product the basket will hold, how many parts need to be processed per batch, the part orientation and numerous other factors.
A pin-style basket is typically used to hold parts with a small internal diameter. Larger parts that can be located on the outer surface will often be held in a grid style orientation. Sometimes parts are oriented between rails or on rings. Proper part placement and dimensional accuracy become critical when parts are being loaded or unloaded in automated cells.
Acme Wire Products Co., Inc. of Mystic, CT specializes in designing and fabricating custom wire and metal material handling and processing baskets. As a full-service metal fabricator, Acme can utilize materials in addition to and in conjunction with wire, depending upon a customers' requirement. Sheet metal, perforated stock, stampings or tubing are all materials that can be combined with wire to obtain the maximum effectiveness in solving our customer's handling needs.
Acme Wire Products has designed, recommended and manufactured custom handling and processing baskets for customers in many diverse markets. We offer the benefit of our almost 50 years' experience in the manufacture of carriers for hardware, medical, firearms, pharmaceutical, automotive, optical and food processing industries. Wire carriers can hold parts as delicate as a glass lens or vial or an egg or an electronic component or as sturdy as a gear or a casting.
Often, when a customer is installing a new sterilizing or degreasing line, they will request custom wire baskets to fit their new equipment. Acme Wire's designers will work with the customer to establish a carrier that will afford the greatest effectiveness and coordinate manufacturing with the installation of their new equipment. Acme Wire also builds baskets, racks, and carriers as components to commercial washing and sterilization equipment.
The design of wire baskets and most wire fabrication is limited only by one's imagination (and the limitations of technology). There are almost as many types of baskets as there are different parts to be contained. Contact Acme Wire Products to assist you in determining the design which is best suited your handling and processing requirements as well as fabricating the carriers to your specifications! Call Acme Wire Products at _PHONE_ for your production basket requirements!
Acme Wire Products Co., Inc. – Mystic, CT
Fax – _PHONE_


text:
last line of the proof uses the only premise(s) that is given; or no premise if nothing is given.
Then if no premise is given, the sequent is called theorem. Therefore, the definitions of a theorem in system L is:
- a theorem is a sequent that can be proved in system L, using an empty set of assumption.
or in other words:
- a theorem is a sequent that can be proved from an empty set of assumptions in system L
An example of the proof of a sequent (Modus Tollendo Tollens in this case):
|p → q, ¬q ├ ¬p [Modus Tollendo Tollens (MTT)]|
|Assumption number||Line number||Formula (wff)||Lines in-use and Justification|
|1||(1)||(p → q)||A|
|3||(3)||p||A (for RAA)|
|1,2,3||(5)||q ∧ ¬q||2,4,∧I|
An example of the proof of a sequent (a theorem in this case):
|├p ∨ ¬p|
|Assumption number||Line number||Formula (wff)||Lines in-use and Justification|
|1||(1)||¬(p ∨ ¬p)||A (for RAA)|
|2||(2)||¬p||A (for RAA)|
|2||(3)||(p ∨ ¬p)||2, ∨I|
|1, 2||(4)||(p ∨ ¬p) ∧ ¬(p ∨ ¬p)||1, 2, ∧I|
|1||(5)||¬¬p||2, 4, RAA|
|1||(7)||(p ∨ ¬p)||6, ∨I|
|1||(8)||(p ∨ ¬p) ∧ ¬(p ∨ ¬p)||1, 7, ∧I|
|(9)||¬¬(p ∨ ¬p)||1, 8, RAA|
|(10)||(p ∨ ¬p)||9, DN|
Each rule of system L has its own requirements for the type of input(s) or entry(es) that it can accept and has its own way of treating and calculating the assumptions used by its inputs.
- Jennings, R. E., Continuing Logic, the course book of 'Axiomatic Logic' in Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, Canada
- Zarefsky, David, Argumentation: The Study of Effective Reasoning Parts I and II, The Teaching Company 2002
- Abductive reasoning
- Correspondence theory of truth
- Defeasible reasoning
- Hypothetico-deductive method
- Inductive reasoning
- Propositional calculus
- Retroductive reasoning
|General: Philosophy: Eastern - Western | History of philosophy: Ancient - Medieval - Modern | Portal|
|Lists: Basic topics | Topic list | Philosophers | Philosophies | Glossary of philosophical "isms" | Philosophical movements | Publications | Category listings...more lists|
|Branches: Aesthetics | Ethics | Epistemology | Logic | Metaphysics | Philosophy of: Education, History, Language, Law, Mathematics, Mind, Philosophy, Politics, Psychology, Religion, Science, Social philosophy, Social Sciences|
|Schools: Agnosticism | Analytic philosophy | Atheism | Critical theory | Determinism | Dialectics | Empiricism | Existentialism | Humanism | Idealism | Logical positivism | Materialism | Nihilism | Postmodernism | Rationalism | Relativism | Skepticism | Theism|
|References: Philosophy primer | Internet Encyclo. of Philosophy | Philosophical dictionary | Stanford Encyclo. of Philosophy | Internet philosophy guide|
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text:
Kopernik is an on-line marketplace of innovative, life-changing technologies designed for the developing world.
- Most women across Asia and Africa make four trips a day to collect water, carrying 10 litres on each trip.
- In the developing world 4000 children a day die from no access to clean drinking water.
- 80% of the developing world has no access to electricity. Kerosene use leads to 1.6 million deaths a year from smoke inhalation or fire. Gathering firewood exposes girls to danger and strips forests.
- Most developing countries have few trained optometrists and few eyeglasses.
The Thunderbird TEM Lab Team is in the field to assess the social impact of the technologies that are being distributed to these women and identify economic opportunities that have resulted from the use of the cooking stoves and the water purifier. Furthermore the team will generate feedback for improving the distribution process, an analysis of operations and working with Kopernik's strategic partners on the field to ensure that a business model can be developed for replication in other emerging markets.


text:
Why did Islam spread so quickly? Islam is the religion of Muslims which has spread very rapidly across the globe. The faith began in Mecca and then spread to Spain, East Africa, the Middle East, China. There are two significant themes in Islam: "Allah is the one" and "Hazrat Muhammad (S.A.W) is His messenger."
There are many reasons why did Islam spread so quickly. The most important and main reasons are conquest, law, and trade. The people of the Arab made the trade with faraway regions of the world, which spread Islam faster than other religions.
Islam starts with a man named Muhammad (S.A.W). He spent most of his life working as a merchant, and then he retreated to the cave in a nearby mountain where Hazarat Muhammad (S.A.W) received his first revelation from God at the age of 40. After three years of this revelation, he publicly preached Islam.
Quran is the Holy book of Muslims, and it is revealed to Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W). Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) started sharing this message with his friends and family and later spread it to his tribe. He faced countless difficulties from his tribe. The life of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) is the basic definition of the Quran and Islam.
What Is Islam?
Islam is the religion of Allah. God teaches us to Pray, and we bow before him five times a day. Islam has five fundamental pillars which Muslims were expected to follow. These pillars are faith, prayer, obligatory, charity, pilgrimage, and fasting. A Muslim can enjoy life by following the teachings of the Holy Quran.
These five pillars teach the world that Islam is the religion of peace. When it is revealed that there were chaos and wars everywhere, Islam teaches people how to stop violence against the innocent and bring peace. That is the main reason why did Islam spread so quickly.
In Holy Quran, Allah says:
"Whosoever killed a person – unless it is for killing a person or for creating disorder in the land, it shall be as if he had killed all mankind" (5: 33).
Reasons Why Did Islam Spread So Quickly
Islam spread quickly across the globe due to multiple reasons. Islam continues to influence society with its unique elements and divine unity of humanity. Muslims believe that their purpose in life is to serve their creator and obey him, which can only be done through Prophet Muhammad's teachings (S.A.W).
1. The Message
The message of Islam is very loud and clear. Islam is a religion of peace and gives a clear message to help the poor and needy. Muslims pray five times a day to ask for help and forgiveness from Allah. Remembering Allah makes their connection with him stronger and follows his teachings to serve humanity.
One of the important messages given in Islam is that everything belongs to Allah to purify their possessions set aside a particular portion to give to those in need. Fasting is another message which Islam gives to every non-Muslims. It makes people realize the needs of hungry and poor people. In Quran, Allah says, "O you who believe! Fasting is prescribed for you as it was prescribed to those before you that you may learn self-restraint" (2:183).
Islamic trade routes surrounding Mecca served as one of the effective ways to spread Islam in the world. During the trade, Muslims also preach where they go about Allah, and through their actions and way, they spread Islam. People also come for trade-in Arab and see how Muslims deal with other people through their honest trade methods.
The most famous trade route that helps Islam reach far away is China, Central Asia, Africa, and Europe. Many people from these lands traveled to Arab to witness Islam and its religious theories. Essential elements of Islam reach many foreign lands, making many non-Muslims into Muslims.
3. Military Conquest
Another way from Islam's rapid spread is its vast land conquered. Muslims conquered many lands such as Europe, Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, etc. The main reason why Islam reaches any of the above lands is that the Islamic military conquers these lands and spreads the meaning of Islam.
Islam influences the major and most powerful countries of the world. Muslims enter foreign lands to do trade and spread Islam. One of the reasons why Islam spread so quickly is the military conquest of foreign lands and settling there.
4. Political Order
Islam has a unique political organization that provides equality, serves justice, and maintains order. The Muslim government retains the necessary privileges and rights of Muslims and non-Muslims, which impress people to join this faith and religion.
Muslims' military wanted to protect people and protect their lives and rights. The political system of Islam includes rights for non-Muslims too. Non-Muslims are allowed to practice their religion in Muslim-dominated land, and they have to pay Jizyah in exchange for protection for Muslims.
5. Missionary Work
The missionary work started, and the Muslim scholars and preachers reached faraway lands to tell people the religion of Islam. From 700 to 1000 AD, there was a massive rise in Islamic missionary work, and many people converted to Muslims.
Muslims impress foreign people through their actions, trades, ways of politics, etc. The work of scholars and preachers has resulted in many communities embracing and adopting Islam.
Why did Islam spread so quickly? There are many reasons behind the spread of Islam. Muslims preach Islam and set examples by their characters and daily life dealings. They impress people across the globe through their unique and fair trade methods. Muslims conquered lands and served justice there to everyone. They protect Muslims and non-Muslims from injustice and give them the right to live and grow. One of the important reasons is missionary work. People from Islamic countries go toward faraway land and spread the religion of Allah and his Prophet (S.A.W).

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


You Are Here > SR/Olympics > Winter Games > 1932 Lake Placid > Speed Skating
Speed Skating at the 1932 Lake Placid Winter Games
1932 Winter Games: Previous Winter Games ▪ Next Winter Games
Host City: Lake Placid, United States
Date Started: February 4, 1932
Date Finished: February 8, 1932
Events: 7
Participants: 42 (32 men and 10 women) from 6 countries
Youngest Participant: CAN Herb Flack (18 years, 220 days)
Oldest Participant: JPN Tomeju Uruma (29 years, 58 days)
Most Medals (Athlete): 4 athletes with 2 medals
Most Medals (Country): USA United States and CAN Canada (5 medals)
Lake Placid had hosted its first major speed skating competition in 1919, with the Eastern Outdoor Championships, won by local skater Charlie Jewtraw, who went on to become Olympic Champion in the 500 m at the inaugural Winter Olympics in 1924. Since then, many records had been set on the ice of the town's Mirror Lake. For the 1932 Games, a $150,000 stadium was built with a capacity of 5,000. A hockey rink was placed in the centre of the track, and matches were played between and during skating races.
Only six countries entered the speed skating events: Canada, Finland, Japan, Norway, Sweden and the host nation. However, the economic depression was not the only reason for the small number of participants. On 25 May 1931, the International Skating Union (ISU) had approved the use of the North American "pack style" system for international tournaments, as had been proposed by the American and Canadian federations. This style featured competitors starting in small groups, not unlike modern-day short-track speed skating. This meant races were decided on tactics, rather than time alone, as is common in the "Continental" style.
Quintuple Olympic Champion and reigning World Champion Clas Thunberg had experienced the North American rules first hand in 1926, and knew the North American tactics were superior. According to his auto-biography, he sent a private letter to the Norwegian federation, suggesting an alliance, but the Norwegians rejected this. (It should be pointed out, that Thunberg's biography was entitled Alone against all of Norway.) He then decided to stay away from Lake Placid, too. Both Sweden and Finland eventually sent only a single skater, compared to four skaters from Japan, which made its Olympic speed skating debut. The Dutch federation decided not to send a delegation because they did not think their skaters would stand a chance under the mass-start rules. The Norwegians did go, and even held special trials in the North American format. In the 10000 m race, Ivar Ballangrud skated 16:46.4, which was well below the current World Record of 17:17.4.
Thunberg's fear of North American domination proved correct, as US skaters won all four events, and only two medals were not taken by Americans or Canadians. In addition, controversy surrounded the events. Obstructions and violations of the rules were noted in all events, culminating in a four-country protest before the start of the 10000 m. During that competition, the results of the heats were annulled and eventually re-skated. European skaters and media spoke of a farcical affair, all skating events being decided in the last laps, regardless of the distance. The New York Times commented:
> "It was Mark Twain who once remarked that 'people often complain about the weather, but no one ever does anything about it'. In like fashion, the Europeans have been complaining about the American style of speed skating, but no one has offered a real solution."
Two-fold Olympic Champion and local boy Jack Shea suggested that a compromise might be reached by conducting the sport in several lanes, like in athletics. Nothing ever came of his suggestion.
Two weeks after the Olympic skating races, the World Championships were held at the same rink. In the absence of Olympic champions Shea and Jaffee, the Norwegians won all four individual races and the first three overall places, while the North Americans were well down in the standings. At the next ISU congress, the use of North American rules in international competitions was removed from the rule book.
Amidst all the controversy, female skaters made their Olympic debut. Three events for women had been added to the program as demonstration events, following the ISU's 1931 recognition of female skating records over 500, 1000 and 1500 m. Only American and Canadian women participated, but the races were of a high level. Winners [Jean Wilson], [Elizabeth Dubois] and [Kit Klein] posted times faster than the active World Records. Because these events were held in pack style, their times were never recognised as records. There were 10 female competitors in the events, five from Canada and five from the United States. Women would not compete in Olympic speedskating again until 1960, when it became a full medal sport.


Concrete Slab Calculator
Concrete Slab Calculator
Use this KALK.PRO's concrete slab calculator to estimate mortar (cement, stone, sand), wire mesh, and formwork for your project. Try it simply!
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Slab Size
Length*, mm
Width*, mm
Thickness*, mm
Concrete Mix
Cement Proportion*
Sand Proportion*
Crushed Stone Proportion*
Cement Pack Weight, kg
Cement Packs, per 1 m3 Concrete
Cell Length, mm
Cell Width, mm
Armature Diameter
Number of Rows
Board Thickness, mm
Board Length, mm
Board Width, mm
Cement, per Pack
Sand, per 1 ton:
Crushed Stone, per 1 ton:
Armature, per 1 ton:
Lumber, per 1 m3:
Why use this calculator?
In any construction work at the planning stage, it is important to correctly calculate the amount of materials needed, because it allows you to avoid problems with shortages and additional trips to the store, and also allows you to save money if you prefer to buy with a large reserve.
This tool helps to estimate with minimal errors the amount of materials, their weight, volume and cost required to create a concrete slab (plate foundation) according to the specified parameters. Using this application, you will no longer have the question: how much material do I need for a concrete slab.
How does it work?
 1. You fill in the fields: Length, Width, Thickness in the Slab Size section.
 2. You specify the proportions of Cement, Sand, Crushed Stone to create the desired concrete grade, and you also specify the weight of a bag of cement and their amount in the section "Concrete Mix".
 3. If you are interested in calculation of reinforcement, fill in "Armature".
 4. Similarly, you can fill in the "Formwork" field, if necessary.
 5. To get the total cost of the concrete slab, specify the cost of each of the materials in the suggested dimensions.
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The Beginning Of A Multicultural Marketing Approach
Considering the steadily growing population of Latinos, they have become a target of special study looking closely into their cultures and how they are adapting to the American way of life. Biculturalism or the cross-over between the two cultures are evident.
And this phenomenon has attracted not only government policy makers, census takers, social scientists and social media, but also marketing professionals to look more closely into the U.S. Hispanic lifestyles and spending habits and how they affect the marketing strategies they need to adopt to reach this specific market segment. Biculturalism has been growing over the years and it's not limited to just having tacos, jalapenos, tamales and tequilas in Mexican specialty restaurants. Song and dance, the universal languages as seen in some TV programs, show diversity in a multicultural society at work.
The End of the "General Market" As We Knew it?
Marketing experts are well aware of the effects of biculturalism in rethinking their marketing strategies so that the multicultural sensitivities are factored in. In a melting pot of cultures, acculturation is not a one-way thing. More often than not, it works both ways. In this regard, acculturation could mean diversity. Let's take some specific examples.
The 2010 Census counted 50.5 million Hispanics in the United Sates, making up 16.3% of the total population. The social networking sites like Facebook have many of these U.S. Hispanics as members interacting with themselves mostly in their native tongue, Spanish. Perhaps, it wouldn't be a surprise if in their social circles -family and friends - they have some specific inclinations to say, a special kind of alcoholic beverage, specialty shop or fast-food restaurant which caters better to their cultural background. This is not to forget their inclination for viewing TV channels catering specially to their cultures like watching -- "telenovelas" -- soap operas done in installments. Indeed, this is a multicultural society.
Infuse of Multicultural Sensitivities into their Messages
For some, it might mean the beginning of a multicultural marketing approach to the growing presence of Latinos in American society. To be sure, they will impact the way we market and sell needs and wants, from food to housing to health care and education, even hi-tech electronic gadgets and entertainment.
Census data is certainly changing the way marketers look at Hispanic consumers. However, as we know, the cross-over among cultures is a two-way street.
Download data on state and county populations for 2010 and 2000, by Hispanic origin. (Source: Pew Hispanic Center).
Diversity is the New Mindset, the New Cross-Cultural Phenomenon
There seems to be a trend in diversity as a result of this cross-cultural phenomenon. The Latino or US Hispanic entrepreneur who operates a small-scale business in the neighborhood could be serving his taco delights, or tequilas or selling sombreros, aside from renting out DVDs featuring special song and dance numbers in their own native styles. Or a Latino bringing home the master's degree he or she earned in a prestigious U.S. university will definitely add to erasing the great cultural divide.
Many will argue that there are two currents or forces pulling in opposite directions. However, sooner or later, the Latinos and non-Latinos will be totally absorbed into the multicultural society and it will, hopefully, redound to the mutual benefit of all. The next U.S. National Census, about nine years from now will, I hope, bear witness to this development.
Tags: hispanics
Recommend (3)
2 comments about "The Beginning Of A Multicultural Marketing Approach ".
 1. Steve Climons from Crossover Marketing & Advertising, July 29, 2011 at 12:51 p.m.
 This has been over 10 years in the making and this reality was evident then. What's interesting but not surprising is how Multicultural is defined as Hispanic disregarding the African-American and Asian populations which truly define it.
 2. Sebastian Aroca from Hispanic Market Advisors, July 29, 2011 at 4:13 p.m.
 Steve, thank you for your comment and point well-taken. Although this article doesn't mention specifically the African-American and Asian populations; it does denote, however, that the Latinos and non-Latinos will be totally absorbed into the multicultural society. Since I happen to be US Hispanic and this column is called "Engage: Hispanics", I've chosen to write from that perspective. However, I'd be interested to read a similar piece that takes into account more the African-American and Asian populations and the cross-over between all these three sub-segments.. Thanks!


text:
Live response systems allow a presenter to electronically solicit opinions and ideas from an audience in real time. For instance, you might want a breakdown on the participants' favorite hobbies—gardening, hiking, reading, and so on. Instead of trying to glean an estimate from a show of hands for each hobby, you can ask the audience to choose the appropriate response using clickers you provide. Members of your audience point their clickers at the screen and the software captures their responses. These systems have been around for a while, but they're limited by location and hardware.
Now, thanks to an add-in, members of your audience can use their mobile devices to respond to live polls, either by internet or text. The premise is the same, but setup is easy and you don't have to provide clickers for your audience.
I'm using PowerPoint 2016 on a Windows 10 64-bit system. There's no downloadable demonstration file.
There are a few add-ins you could choose, but I opted for Poll Everywhere because it's easy to use and has a free version so you can work through this example without making a purchase. The free plan includes live PowerPoint polls, web response, widgets, Twitter, and downloadable results, so you may never need more than the free version. However, it limits each poll to 25 responses.
Using Poll Everywhere, you can solicit real-time responses from your audience. It works as you might expect:
- You display a poll in your presentation.
- The poll slide displays a graphic representation of your poll and instructions for responding by text, Twitter, or a URL.
- All responses are directed to a web server where they are counted and displayed onscreen in real time.
To use Poll Everywhere, you need an account and the software. Then in PowerPoint, you create the poll and when it's ready, activate it. You can reuse the same poll in a presentation, but you must clear each session's results.
To get started, open PowerPoint 2016 and add Poll Everywhere as follows:
- Click the Insert tab.
- Click Store in the Add-ins group.
- In the resulting dialog, enter Poll Everywhere in the Search tool (Figure A).
- Click Add and Poll Everywhere will display the Insert Poll slide (Figure B).
- For this example, click Multiple Choice. There are several to choose from and you'll want to explore all those options later.
- Enter the information required to create an account (Figure C) and click Create Account. Once you have an account, simply log in.
Search for Poll Everywhere.
Getting Poll Everywhere is easy.
Create an account.
At this point, Poll Everywhere will display a generic poll slide. Replace the generic question and options with your own, as shown in Figure D. Notice the option at the bottom that lets you limit each participant to a single vote by default. Click Insert New Poll when you're ready.
Create a poll.
To access the poll's settings, mouse over the top-right corner and click the Settings icon shown in Figure E. We won't spend any time on the visual settings, but you'll definitely want to explore them on your own.
Customize your poll.
The other icons activate and deactivate the poll, lock it, and clear it. Before running the presentation and activating the poll, you can resize the poll to fit the slide, or not. If the poll covers the entire slide, a click won't advance to the next slide because you're clicking the embedded poll. Keep this in mind when sizing a poll. On the other hand, the navigation buttons at the bottom of the screen still work as expected, so losing that click advance might not matter to you.
When you're ready to run the presentation, press [F5]. Accessing the poll slide will activate it, as shown in Figure F. The instructions for participating are at the top of the slide. For this example, I sent a text and used the website by accessing the displayed URL shown in Figure G. Figure H shows the poll after I voted twice.
Your poll is activated and ready for responses.
You can vote using the internet, text, and Twitter.
Your poll updates automatically as participants respond.
Now that you've created your first simple poll, you're ready to explore Poll Everywhere's many settings so you can customize your polls.
Once you have Poll Everywhere, you can add a poll to any presentation, but you can have only one active poll at a time unless you purchase a more robust version. You can, however, have more than one poll in a presentation.
Depending on your audience, a short, fun practice poll might be a good idea. You might also want to anticipate some of their concerns by sharing the following information:
- Participation is free, but carrier fees are applicable when texting.
- You can't see their phone numbers; responses are private (anonymous).
- When texting, case won't matter but spacing and spelling will.
Participants can't readily cheat, but do take notice that although I limited participants to one response, I was allowed to respond using text and the URL—it was me both times but the software can't possibly know that.
Poll Everywhere works on most browsers, but according to Poll Everywhere, you'll have the best results with the following versions:
- Chrome 49 and later
- Internet Explorer 11.0 and later
- Safari 9.0 and later
- Firefox 45.0 and later
Poll Everywhere runs on both PCs and Macs. You can use it in PowerPoint 2016 and 2013. Neither TechRepublic nor I have any financial interest in Poll Everywhere; nor do we endorse this product beyond its use in this example.
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I answer readers' questions when I can, but there's no guarantee. Don't send files unless requested; initial requests for help that arrive with attached files will be deleted unread. You can send screenshots of your data to help clarify your question. When contacting me, be as specific as possible. For example, "Please troubleshoot my workbook and fix what's wrong" probably won't get a response, but "Can you tell me why this formula isn't returning the expected results?" might. Please mention the app and version that you're using. I'm not reimbursed by TechRepublic for my time or expertise when helping readers, nor do I ask for a fee from readers I help. You can contact me at _EMAIL_.
Susan Sales Harkins is an IT consultant, specializing in desktop solutions. Previously, she was editor in chief for The Cobb Group, the world's largest publisher of technical journals.


text:
Theseus is a database containing
analyses of case law relevant to children's rights from the European Court
of Human Rights. It is available in English and in French and there are 303 cases, covering the period 23 July 1968 to
15 March 2012. There are many ways to retrieve cases, among which by
applicant, name, country, period, date, key words and so forth. Shortly, cases will be
retrievable by article number from the European Convention on Human Rights.
Some useful key words and phrases are: family life, private life, education,
protection of children, deportation, child born out of wedlock, child
Theseus was set up by the programme "Building Europe for and with children"
under the supervision of the Research Division of the European Court of Human Rights
(initial research: Kyriaki Patsianta),
and thanks to financial support from the Government of Finland.
information on these cases may be obtained by consulting
Hudoc, the database of the European Court of Human Rights.
To learn more about how the European Court of Human Rights functions on a
daily basis, and the challenges it faces, see
"The Conscience of Europe", a 15 minute video (15 minutes) available in
English, French or German.


text:
AMES, Iowa — Should parents spank their children? Family life specialists Donna Donald and Lori Hayungs talk about spanking and other ways to discipline children in the Science of Parenting blog from Iowa State University Extension and Outreach.
"To spank or not to spank — there are advocates and research to support both viewpoints," Donald said. "In January we're blogging about corporal, or physical, punishment, as well as alternative methods of discipline and what the research says is effective."
Learn more from tips on the blog throughout the month of January and in a five-minute podcast.
Through the Science of Parenting, _URL_, ISU Extension and Outreach specialists share and discuss research-based information and resources to help parents rear their children. Parents can join in the conversation and share thoughts and experiences, as well as how they handle parenting responsibilities.


text:
These notes from special intensive summer programs on Analog-Digital conversion held at MIT from _PHONE_ focus on problems created when digital equipment is linked with physical systems. A "language" problem arises, for the language of the information-processing equipment is digital and the language of communication in the rest of the system is nearly always in the form of electrical signals or mechanical displacements analogous the the physical parameters involved. Thus, there is a need for devices to perform the language translation. Devices taht perform analog-to-digital conversion are called coders, and devices that perform digital-to-analog conversion are called decoders.
The subject matter is divided itno three parts. The first part pertains to systems aspects of digital information processing that influence the specifications for analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog conversion devices. In the second part, a detailed engineering analysis and evaluation of a variety of conversion devices is presented. The third part is devoted to a case study based on development work done at the Servomechanisms Laboratory of the MIT Department of Electrical Engineering.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
How can I convert the number 123.45678 * 10^-22 to the IEEE 745 single-precision floating point representation? Can you show me the steps?
share|improve this question
See stackoverflow.com/questions/_PHONE_/… – paxdiablo Nov 25 '11 at 14:53
add comment
1 Answer
Basically you want binary scientific notation. That is, you want your number to be of the form 2α, and you need to split α into its integral and its fractional part, α = k + β, with β < 1 and k ∈ ℤ.
To find α, take logarithms: α = log2123.45678 − 22 log210.
The integral part of the exponent, k, is stored in the exponent field of the IEEE float (after adjusting by the bias), and the fractional part 2β is stored in the mantissa (omitting the leading 1).
share|improve this answer
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Your Answer


text:
The skull, a human skull, was perched atop a crumbly boulder in the remote northern reaches of the Nepalese district of Mustang. Pete Athans, the leader of an interdisciplinary team of mountaineers and archaeologists, stepped into his harness and tied himself to a rope. He scrambled up the 20-foot boulder, belayed by another climber, Ted Hesser.
When he reached the skull, he pulled on blue latex gloves to prevent his DNA from contaminating the find, and gradually removed it from the rubble. Athans was almost certainly the first person to hold this skull in 1,500 years. Dirt spilled from the eye cavities. He placed it in a padded red bag and lowered it to three scientists waiting below: Mark Aldenderfer of the University of California, Merced; Jacqueline Eng of Western Michigan University; and Mohan Singh Lama of Nepal's Department of Archaeology.
Good long article. I recall this from some time ago, but not the context.


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Learn how to write the hiragana character for "sa" in this simple lesson. Please remember, it is important to follow the stroke order when writing Japanese characters. Learning the proper stroke order is also a great way to help you to remember how to draw the character.
Example: さかな (sakana) --- fish
Please check out the instinctual video, How to Pronounce Hiragana: sa, shi, su, se, so to learn the pronunciation of hiragana "sa". Click this link to learn how to write the word, Sadou, which also starts with the hiragana "sa" character.
To learn more about Japanese writing, try Japanese Writing for Beginners.


American Indian Cigarettes
Want to learn more about Indian cigarettes? Read on for facts and info on cigarettes that were created by the Native American Indians…
Indian Cigarettes have an interesting history and background in their origin. The Native American Indians were known as smoking heads by the colonists who encountered them. They were known to smoke loosely rolled pieces of paper filled with tobacco. In fact tobacco was introduced to the whole world by Native Americans and was used as the precious commodity which filled the coffers of the British Empire.
Tobacco was the Americas equivalent of cash contribution to the British Empire as they colonized the world. As the colonists took over Indian land and their populations took a hit during the battles, Indians became more submissive. This resulted in basic levels of peace and promulgated the cultivation of different agriculture and trade crops. One of these trade crops was tobacco plantations.
Creation of Indian Reservations
After the colonization of North America and South America, Native Indians were confined to reserves and most of their traditions have been preserved in their native land. After fierce battles the native Indians refused to leave certain areas where their dead were buried and the belief in spirituality and preservation of their interaction with the universe and nature.
Popularity of Native Indian Cigarettes
As the Native Indians amalgamated with the rest of the population, an interesting law was passed in America. This law basically excludes Native Americans from paying taxes on regular consumer items and includes the sale and purchase of tobacco.
This means in turn that the American Indian can actually sell those products which they do not purchase after paying applicable taxes. This results in a cheaper option of commodities which can be purchased by non-native Americans either online or by visiting the reserves of the native Americans.
In earlier decades it was the common phenomena to see Americans rush to Indian reservations to purchase different commodities and save up on the cost.
Why would anyone want to spend an extra amount when they can get the same product and the quality for a little less online or by visiting the reservations?
By purchasing Indian cigarettes one could save on the hefty price tag of good cigarette brands but you would have to travel all the way to the Indian reservation. However, with the advance of technology you can actually now shop online and have access to duty-free prices and discounted prices from all over the world.
The prices in turn are similar to those available in the market at Indian reservations. Purchasing Indian cigarettes online means that you save yourself the hassle of driving all the way to the reservation and get the Indian cigarettes at your doorstep.
You can purchase famous brands like Misty, Spirit and Camel among others from the Indian Reservation or online vendors. In fact apart from this you can purchase fresh tobacco, rolling paper and different paraphernalia to create your own tobacco product.
Since Indian tobacco is famous for its quality this aspect is retained even till today. The high quality is the reason why people keep heading back by driving for miles to reach the reservations to purchase Indian cigarettes rather than pay full price at one of the tobacco stores close to home.


Ipriflavone Information | Evidenced-Based Supplement Guide on MedicineNet.com - How does Ipriflavone work?
How does Ipriflavone work?
Ipriflavone may prevent bone density loss, and help improve the effects of estrogen in preventing osteoporosis. When used in combination with estrogens, it might allow lower estrogen doses to be used in postmenopausal women.
Are there safety concerns?
Ipriflavone is likely safe for most people when used with proper medical supervision. It can cause side effects such as stomach pain, diarrhea, or dizziness.
There is some concern that ipriflavone can cause a decreased white cell count (lymphocytopenia) in people taking it for greater than six months. White cell counts should be monitored, especially in people taking ipriflavone long-term.
Do not use ipriflavone if:
 - You are pregnant or breast-feeding.
 - You have decreased immune function. Ipriflavone may worsen this condition.
 - You have low white cell counts. Ipriflavone may worsen this condition.
Therapeutic Research Faculty copyright
Report Problems to the Food and Drug Administration


text:
Together, hydraulics and pneumatics are
known as fluid power. Fluid power is a partner in an evolving
high technology alliance that provides the world with
unprecedented control of force, torque, position and motion.
The combination of fluid power systems
with advanced electronics adds control and flexibility to the
strength of hydraulics and the speed of pneumatics. These 23
application examples show some typical applications for
this technology. The examples, though simplified for clarity,
are based on real applications.
As you read each one, you will learn
why fluid power was chosen as a power source (whether it be
hydraulic or pneumatic), and which categories of electronic
sensing and control were central to the design. The
applications are organized around four motion control
categories - force, position, velocity and acceleration - all
typical output requirements of a vehicle, machine or system.
Each application is also linked to NFPA's
Fluid Power Product Locator. This locator, with its links
to NFPA's manufacturing members, will facilitate your
exploration into the world of fluid power.
In addition to the applications below, see
the latest Case Studies of Applications Utilizing Pneumatic
and Hydraulic Technology.
The following applications in PDF
format are included here:


text: In this 3-day session, kids ages 8–12 learn design skills to imagine a park for their community. They'll go on a short walk to gather inspiration and take photos of materials, colors, and textures. Then they'll sketch their ideas in the Procreate app using iPad with Apple Pencil to bring their design to life. On the final day, they'll present their park to the group. Devices will be provided.


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Rhode Island Salt Pond Special Area Management Plan – Case Study
To complement general statewide coastal management plans, the State of Rhode Island on the northeast coast of the US also develops Special Area Management Plans (SAMPs) for coastal areas of the state, including the Salt Ponds region. The goal is to enable multiple organizations to coordinate their actions at the scale of coastal ecosystems to restore and protect ecosystem qualities, and balance uses within the SAMP boundaries. The Salt Pond SAMP operates as a partnership between state and local governments to manage growth, mitigate the cumulative and secondary impacts of development, and improve environmental conditions in a series of lagoons (salt ponds) and their watershed. This case study offers lessons on the value of understanding the ecology of governance, weaving science into the decision-making process, and institutionalizing watershed management in collaborating institutions.
Geography The Salt Ponds region in the state of Rhode Island forms the southwestern boundary fronting the Atlantic Ocean. The region is shaped by a string of nine brackish coastal lagoons, separated from the ocean by a low narrow strip of barrier spits. The watershed encompasses approximately 82 km and lies within four municipalities. The ponds are shallow, poorly flushed, and the freshwater input is primarily from groundwater and surface runoff. This makes them valuable as fish and shellfish nurseries but also susceptible to eutrophication and bacterial loading. Historically, the ecology of the ponds has been altered by the stabilization of inlets, dredging of channels, the installation of individual house sewage systems, and alterations of the quality and quantity of freshwater inflow resulting from development activities. The low, narrow barrier beaches also make the region particularly susceptible to coastal erosion and storm damage during winter storms and summer hurricanes.
Links to Statewide Coastal Program Rhode Island was accepted into the US Coastal Zone Management Program in 1978. The Rhode Island Coastal Resources Management Council (RICRMC) is the state body responsible for implementing this comprehensive state-wide regulatory program. The program includes policies that zone the state's shorelines and coastal waters according to six use categories that encourage or restrict different activities. The state's shoreline buffers and setbacks are linked to the water use categories. RICRMC has developed SAMPs to address cumulative and secondary impacts, and the specific combination of problems in an area.
Special Area Management Plans (SAMPS) The US Coastal Zone Management Act provides states with financial and other incentives to develop SAMPs. The Federal Act defines a SAMP as: "A comprehensive plan providing for natural resource protection and reasonable coastal-dependent economic growth containing a detailed and comprehensive statement of policies; standards and criteria to guide public and private uses of lands and waters; and mechanisms for timely implementation in specific geographic areas within the coastal zone". SAMPs enable management goals to be addressed within a specific geographic area. They address the shortcomings of traditional sectoral planning by establishing boundaries based on the issues and coastal ecosystem rather than on administrative boundaries.
The Salt Ponds region underwent significant suburbanization after the 1950s resulting in changes to population, development, culture, and uses of the coastal area. This resulted in a number of environmental issues of great concern to the public in the late 1970s. These included :
- Loss of fish and wildlife habitats
- Declining fish and shellfish stocks
- Increased shellfish closures due to bacterial contamination
- Excessive nitrogen loadings and pathogens from septic systems
- Increased sedimentation and nutrient loading to the ponds
- Sedimentation problems and changes in salinity regimes caused by beachways being stabilized
- Increased vulnerability to storm damage from hurricanes and winter storms
- Conflicts among resource users.
In addition, there was a proposal to build a nuclear power plant in the region. There was also a general belief among the public that government was not responsive and that agency decision-making was cumbersome, contradictory, and time-consuming. The public perceived state officials as indifferent to the region's rapid growth. These multiple issues catalyzed public belief that additional management measures were needed to protect the Salt Ponds ecosystem. Many of these issues were discussed during public hearings in 1975 on the establishment of the Rhode Island coastal program. Upon approval into the national coastal program in 1978, RICRMC partnered with the University of Rhode Island's (URI) Sea Grant Program to develop a SAMP for the Salt Ponds and their watershed.
The Coastal Resources Center (CRC) at URI worked with the RICRMC to design the state coastal program and it has continued to play a lead role in all SAMPs. From 1979 to 1984, federal funds received by the RICRMC, CRC, and the Sea Grant Program were combined to support an ambitious interdisciplinary research program similar to the larger research program. RICRMC and CRC brought together numerous local, state and federal officials as well as residents and environmental groups to identify the key issues, establish a decision-making structure, and build consensus on how to address the issues.
The Salt Pond SAMP focused on understanding the watershed's ecology and building a strong constituency for approval and implementation of a comprehensive plan of action. Major activities included:
- Preparation of an "ecological history" to characterize the place and issues
- Collaborative scientific research on key issues
- nutrients and bacterial contamination of ponds
- fisheries declines
- Public involvement—volunteers conducted a sustained water quality monitoring program
- Municipal officials involvement
- Assistance from advisory committee in drafting the plan
- Extensive media coverage
An innovative ecological history was prepared to identify priority issues in the area as well as educate the public in a compelling manner. The document, The Elusive Compromise: Rhode Island's Coastal Ponds and Their People, became a best local seller that captured the history, culture and modern day issues of the area.
Part of the strategy was to avoid producing a general and voluminous "ecological characterization." Instead the research focused on a select group of issues highlighting ecological processes related to water quality, sedimentation, and overfishing. This elevated the science to local decision making processes and agendas.
The planning process used a participatory framework that included informal meetings with officials and the public. This helped to develop trust and produced some of the implementation ideas incorporated in the final plan. The facilitators also conducted internal negotiations between the researchers and policy officials to ensure the science was understood and was directed towards management questions. A volunteer water quality monitoring organization, "Salt Pond Watchers", was created to engage the public. Not only did this educate and energize the public, but the data continues to serve as an important source of water quality information on the Salt Ponds region.
An advisory committee composed of the public, local and state agencies carried out a formal negotiation process. The group developed detailed syntheses of the research findings to be included in the management plan and selected the management actions. This was important as the RICRMC does not have full authority over actions in the watershed.
The RICRMC formally adopted the SAMP in 1984. RICRMC implements the plan in partnership with the state Department of Environmental Management (DEM) and the four local governments.
Local governments have revised their zoning policies and ordinances to make them consistent with the SAMP's housing or building density requirements aimed at protecting habitat and reducing nitrogen loadings. The SAMP requirements were also incorporated into the RICRMC regulations and apply to all development adjacent to the shoreline and large development projects. The DEM changed its sewage regulations to implement the SAMP provisions related to sewage disposal systems.
Almost twenty-five years later, the Salt Pond SAMP remains a living document. Many of the activities have been implemented. While many ponds are significantly improved, some continue to suffer from water quality and fishing problems. Development has continued despite the limitations imposed by municipal zoning changes. Also, some partnerships, such as the centralized permitting system, have not succeeded as planned. Even so, the innovations and achievements of the Salt Pond SAMP continue to provide a functioning governance system for the region.
Evolution of the SAMP
Since its adoption, the SAMP has been revised several times to expand the boundary, add requirements for denitrifying septic systems to reduce nitrogen loading, require riparian buffer zones, and specify storm water management standards. The SAMP was substantially revised in 1999 to improve its strategy for addressing cumulative and secondary impacts of development.
- Active involvement of public in all stages of planning and implementation is critical to voluntary compliance with new rules and limitations
- Ecological histories and the like are of enormous value in initial consensus about the problems and key issues
- The SAMP's community-based scale has strengthened local ownership of plans and bolstered effective implementation
- Science must be 'nested' within the decision-making processes to ensure it is relevant to policy and educates the leaders
- Implementation occurs incrementally and must be monitored
- Periodic "reinvention" within implementing organizations and institutions is necessary.
This case provided evidence to support the claim that watershed plans need to be institutionalized. The Salt Ponds SAMP was incorporated into several other programs such as the federal coastal zone management program, local zoning ordinances, the state guide plan, and the DEM's pollution and fisheries plans.
The success of SAMPs has led to other applications in other agencies and internationally. The US Army Corps of Engineers adapted the SAMP for use on coastal and inland waters. And CRC has applied the SAMP concept in a variety of settings internationally including in Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Tanzania and several countries in Latin America.
- Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary – Case Study
- US Coastal Zone Management Program
- Coastal Barrier Resources System
- Overview of Coastal Habitat Protection and Restoration in the United States
- Essential Fish Habitat
- Chesepeake Bay Program
- Clean Water Act
- US National Estuary Program
- US National Estuarine


text:
What is the withdrawal method?
The withdrawal method also known as coitus interruptus or pull out method, is a contraceptive method in which the male partner withdraws the penis from the vagina of the female partner before ejaculation. The purpose of this act is to avoid pregnancy. The sperm present in the seminal fluid is prevented from entering the reproductive system of the female partner. Ultimately fertilization of the ovum (egg cell) by the sperm is prevented.
Until the development of modern contraception the withdrawal method was considered to be one of the most practiced means of contraception. Appropriate use of the withdrawal method requires control by the male partner. Even if performed correctly the withdrawal method is not a very effective means of contraception as in many cases the pre-ejaculation fluid may contain sperm. This method also does not give any protection against sexually transmitted diseases like HIV/AIDS and herpes.
Pros And Cons
There are certain advantages associated with withdrawal method which other contraceptive methods lack. First is the fact that it can be practiced without bearing any cost (cost effective) which is a major consideration for lower economic groups. Secondly, there are no side-effects associated with using the withdrawal method as may occur with allergic reactions to latex (condom use) or the birth control pill. Furthermore, the withdrawal method does not require the fitting of any devices or a regular prescription from a doctor.
Many couples use withdrawal method as contraceptive method as choose not to use other methods of contraception. It may be due to religious or cultural beliefs that detract from other contraceptive methods. Lastly, and possibly most importantly, the withdrawal method offer some protection against pregnancy. It is better than no contraception where pregnancy could adversely affect the life of the parents or other children in the family, particularly when teen pregnancy and finances are an issue.
The main disadvantage of the withdrawal method is that it is not the most effective means of contraception. Pregnancy can still occur and when compared to other forms of contraception these days, the withdrawal method is one of the least effective. It also does not offer any protection against sexually transmitted disease (STDs). Some males may find intercourse less satisfying due to the withdrawal method and having to practice self control at the time of ejaculation. However, beyond these points, the withdrawal method has no significant disadvantages of note.
How to practice the withdrawal method?
The male partner has to ensure that he ejaculates outside the female partner's vagina. In order to do so, he needs to withdraw the penis from the vaginal canal of the female partner just before he feels he is about to ejaculate. However, the seminal fluid that may be secreted even just prior to ejaculation may contain sperm which is capable of fertilizing the egg cell.
If the couple plans to have sex again within a short period after intercourse and the withdrawal method is to be used, then the male partner is required to urinate and clean the tip of the penis thoroughly to make sure that sperm from the previous ejaculation are completely removed. As such there are no risks associated with practicing withdrawal method apart from the high rate of failure as an effective contraceptive method.
One of the drawbacks associated with practicing withdrawal method is that it requires high level of self control to remove the penis from the vagina at the height of sexual pleasure. Some men cannot predict the time of ejaculation during sexual intercourse. Even if used appropriately at every act of intercourse the chance of failure is about 4% per year, whereas failure rates for contraceptive pills when taken regularly is 0.3%, for intrauterine devices (IUDs) is 0.6% and in the case of appropriate condom use it is about 2%.


text:
|We can think of a cyclic word as a word written in a circle. To represent a cyclic word, we choose an arbitrary starting position and read the characters in clockwise order. So, "picture" and "turepic" are representations for the same cyclic word.|
You are given a String words, each element of which is a representation of a cyclic word. Return the number of different cyclic words that are represented.
|-||words will contain between 1 and 50 elements, inclusive.|
|-||Each element of words will contain between 1 and 50 lowercase letters ('a'-'z'), inclusive.|


Why Sales matters in any business
Let's take a look at some of the reasons and ways sales is important in every business.
Sales provides customers with the solutions they need
With business it's all about problem-solving. Finding a gap, or an area where someone needs a product or service, and filling that need for them.
Salespeople connect the problem a business solves with people who need that solution.
By collaborating with other departments, a sales team can help a company to cater better to its customers. Because salespeople often sit and talk with customers, they can find out what their specific pain points are and how the customer specifically phrases them.
For example, you could approach selling a workout plan by talking about what percentage of muscle mass a person could gain or how many reps you estimate them being able to do overtime. But it probably won't resonate as well as selling them on the idea how good, strong, and sexy they'll feel after completing the program.
Communicating with the customer helps the company to better solve their problems. Getting inside the customer's mind will then help the entire company better cater to their needs, and present how the product solves their problems in a way that the customer understands and resonates with. Which in turn, will help bring future success in selling or marketing to other potential customers.
Source - Read More at: medium.com


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Prove that $\ell_1$ is first category in $\ell_2$.
I tried to solve this, but had no idea about the approach. Any suggestions are helpful. Thanks in advance.
share|improve this question
1 Answer 1
Write $F_n:=\{x\in \ell^2,\sum_{j=1}^{+\infty}|x_j|\leq n\}$. Then $\ell^1=\bigcup_{n\geq 1}F_n$. $F_n$ is closed in $\ell^2$, as if $\{x^{(k)}\}$ is a sequence which lies in $F_n$ and converges to $x$ in $\ell^2$; we have for an integer $N$ that $$\sum_{j=1}^N|x_j|\leq\lim_{k\to\infty}\sum_{j=0}^N|x_j^{(k)}|\leq n,$$ which gives $x\in F_n$.
$F_n$ has an empty interior in $\ell^2$. Otherwise, if $B_{\ell^2}(x,r)\subset F_n$, then for each $y\in \ell²$, we would have $\frac{r}{2\lVert y\rVert_2}y+x\in F_n$, hence $\frac{r}{2\lVert y\rVert_2}y\in F_{2n}$. This gives that $\lVert y\rVert_1\leq C\lVert y\rVert_2$ for an universal constant $C$, which is not possible.
share|improve this answer
You are right, my bad. – Martin Argerami Oct 3 '12 at 18:34
Your Answer


Art@Site Egyptian Obelisk
Place de la Concorde
The center of the Place is occupied by a giant Egyptian obelisk decorated with hieroglyphics exalting the reign of the pharaoh Ramesses II. It is one of two the Egyptian government gave to the French in the 19th century. The other one stayed in Egypt, too difficult and heavy to move to France with the technology at that time. In the 1990s, President François Mitterrand gave the second obelisk back to the Egyptians.
The obelisk once marked the entrance to the Luxor Temple. The self-declared Khedive of Egypt, Muhammad Ali Pasha, offered the 3,300-year-old Luxor Obelisk to France in 1829. It arrived in Paris on 21 December 1833. Three years later, on 25 October 1836, King Louis Philippe had it placed in the center of Place de la Concorde.
The obelisk, a yellow granite column, rises 23 metres (75 ft) high, including the base, and weighs over 250 metric tons (280 short tons). Given the technical limitations of the day, transporting it was no easy feat — on the pedestal are drawn diagrams explaining the machinery that was used for the transportation. The obelisk is flanked on both sides by fountains constructed at the time of its erection on the Place.
Missing its original cap, believed stolen in the 6th century BC, the government of France added a gold-leafed pyramid cap to the top of the obelisk in 1998. \


text:
CONTEC08E is an LED screen Electronic Sphygmomanometer,simple interface and one-key measurement,it can measure NIBP accurately,NIBP records can be reviewed by the memory button and support voice broad casting(optional). The device is widely used in family,clinic and physical-examination center for routine test.
1.Small volume,one-key measurement,easy to operate,big font in displaying,simple and easy to understand the displayed contents.
2.Support voice broadcasting(optional).
3.Start measuring manually,record each measurement data,and store up to 199 groups of data.
4.LED color screen.Automatic power off when there is no operation for a long time,achieves saving power.
5.High pressure prompt.
6.Low battery and error information indication.
7.Optional units:mmHg and kPa
Measurement mode:upper-arm type
Measurement range:0kPa(0mmHg)~ 39.6kPa(297mmHg)
PR measurement range:40bpm~240bpm
Inflation:automatic inflation by force pump
Deflation:automatic multistep deflation
Display:LED large color screen
Power:Four"AA"batteries/5V Power adapter
Safety character:Class II Type BF
Atmospheric pressure :700hPa~1060hPa
Cuff for adult


Auto Answers » View Question
mdvin21 2/10/2013
2002 Hyundai Accent GL 4Cyl1.6L - Engine
'02 Hyundai Accent - Where is the IAT sensor on this car???
Error code P0111 diagnosed at 2 auto parts stores. Can't find much of anything related to an IAT on the 2002 Accent. Is it combined with the MAP sensor or something?? I'm car illiterate, but thought I could at least handle this problem.
2 Answers
 - Jimm
 Jimm 2/10/2013
 P0111 = Intake Air Temperature (IAT) Circuit Range/Performance Problem
 What does that mean?The IAT (Intake Air Temperature) sensor is a thermistor that varies resistance based upon the temperature of the engine intake air. Usually a two wire sensor. One wire is supplied 5 Volt from the PCM (Powertrain Control Module) and the other is a ground. The PCM monitors the change in the 5 Volt supplied to determine air temperature. When the intake air is cold, the resistance is high, resulting in a high signal voltage.
 When the intake air is warm, the reistance is low, resulting in a low signal voltage. This code means that the PCM saw a larger-than-normal change in a shorter-than-expected time on the IAT signal circuit.
 Since this code is likely pointing to an intermittent problem on the IAT circuit, there may not be any symptoms at present. However, the MIL will likely be on. The car MAY exhibit some driveability problems, but it is more likely that there will be no noticeable symptoms to the driver.
 Potential causes of the P0111 DTC include:
 a faulty IAT sensor
 an open in the signal or ground circuit
 a short to ground on the signal circuit
 poor connection at sensor or PCM
 Possible Solutions:
 - HouseCallAuto
 HouseCallAuto 2/10/2013
 Replace the Mass Air Flow sensor. The IAT is integral with this sensor.
Preview Answer
AutoMD Verified Customer
AutoMD obtained proof this customer interacted with the shop.


text:
HBK Engineering is seeking highly motivated and talented individuals for 2022 Summer Engineering Intern positions. Our firm offers an excellent learning environment for students allowing them to gain hands-on field and design experience. Engineering Interns at HBK are considered an integral part of the company and are provided with tasks that are both technically challenging and educationally stimulating.
This position offers the opportunity to be part of a project team consisting of professional engineers, project engineers and designers who are involved in the design, modification, and analysis of new and existing utility systems.
- Work on challenging assignments that include investigating, trouble-shooting, and solving a wide variety of civil engineering related issues.
- Work with a team lead in the coordination of detailed design phases for all aspects of civil engineering work.
- Perform designs for utility infrastructure using subsurface utility engineering ("SUE") guidelines.
- Perform designs for civil site grading and drainage.
- Assist in leading efforts to ensure projects are completed satisfactorily, on time, and within budget.
- Coordinate design activities to ensure installation and operations will comply with specifications, codes and client requirements.
- Interface with vendors to prepare materials.
- Prepare reports and studies that present technical information in a clear and concise manner and meet client requirements.
- Pursuit of Bachelor's engineering degree from an accredited institution with at least one-year of post-secondary education.
- Excellent verbal and written communication skills.
- Strong problem solving and analytical skills.
- Working knowledge of computer application software (training will be provided if needed)
- Organized and able to work in a fast-paced environment.
- Work independently with minimal supervision.
Valued but not required skills and experience:
- Minimum of a 3.0 GPA strongly preferred.
- Prior internship and/or related consulting experience.
- Involvement on campus or in the community.
- Flexible and able to work overtime when required.
- Demonstrated leadership skills.
- Experience with AutoCAD, MicroStation, and Microsoft Office Suite.
- Surveying experience.
Offers contingent upon satisfactory results from our standard background check and receipt of results of a satisfactory drug screening test from a location specified by HBK.


Turning the Gray Areas into Black and White
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"Part of me longs for a job where there's not a gray area". Jodie Foster
Can you relate? Gray areas make everything harder, especially when working with people with I/DD.
Here's Oxfords dictionary's definition of a gray areas: "an ill-defined situation or field not readily conforming to a category or to an existing set of rules."
When working with people with I/DD, it is much easier to teach concepts that are black and white. This behavior is not okay, that behavior is okay, right or wrong, black or white. Rules and categories help us manage information and know what to do to fit into society, and helps us know how to behave.
Gray areas create complexity and confusion for both the professional, and for the individual, which means, it can be harder to navigate and teach and frustrating for those being taught.
Here's an example of the gray area:
Let's explore the clothing one wears in public versus private. We teach that you can be naked in private and wear clothes in public. Clothes cover your sexual parts. So, if a bathing suit covers sexual parts, can I wear a bathing suit anywhere in public? No. Bathing suits are in the gray area. While it's okay to wear a bathing suit at a pool or the beach, it's not okay at the mall or to school. Why? Those are the rules so people feel comfortable and safe. Once you know the rules, we feel more relaxed and free.
Here's another gray area. Men can go shirtless in public, but women can't. What about stores? Where can men wear no shirt in public? Beach, swimming pool, park, but not in the grocery store. Why? Those are the rules we have created or the store has created.
Let's work through a common example and sort out the gray area. Here's the scenario: We say to a 10-year-old with a developmental disability, "no one should touch your sexual parts."
When we make this statement, we have to ask ourselves:
 - Is this statement always true?
 - Are there times it's okay for someone to touch their sexual parts? Where are the possible gray areas with different rules?
 - When the person is older and decides to be sexual with another person, they have both agreed to this sexual act.
 - When they go to the doctor and the doctor is making sure they are healthy. A helping professional can touch sexual parts as long as they ask first and do not ask you to keep it a secret.
 - When a care provider is bathing them and they need that assistance.
When dealing with the gray areas, here are 3 steps to help you sort it out:
Step One: Analyze whether the statement you are making is always true or are there different rules or societal rules/norms.
Step Two: Consider whether there are house rules or personal rules based on where the person lives or their past experiences. For example, one agency may say private is in the bathroom at home and your bedroom and other agencies may say only the bedroom is private. These are the house rules that need to be conveyed.
Step Three: Create a "okay, not okay" grid and list those different rules. Make the gray area, black and white. Use a grid to teach these concepts and create less confusion.
There are numerous and subtle gray areas in our society and it can be difficult to catch all of them. These 3 steps will help you think through the gray areas and turn them into black and white. Turning the gray to black and white makes your teaching more effective and the learner better equipped for a world full of many shades of gray.


How to build a Nodejs app on docker
Docker has become a hot topic of conversation nowadays especially among developers. So what is docker? Docker is an opensource platform that rides on the Linux kernel and allows developers to build and deploy their applications in containers. Containers provide an isolated environment for running applications and they come bundled with their own libraries, dependencies and configuration files which are essential for the automatic deployment of applications.
In this guide, we will walk you through how you can build a NodeJS app on docker. You will learn how to build a demo NodeJS application on your server and later push it to Docker hub. In this guide, we are using Ubuntu 18.04 LTS for our testing environment.
So why would anyone want to push their applications on docker? As we saw earlier, Docker ships applications in containers that bundle libraries and dependencies. This constitutes a fully-fledged environment for deploying your applications. Additionally, the constituency of the development environment ensures that the application will work in the same way across many developers and client machines.
Prerequisites for NodeJS Docker Developement
This guide assumes you have a working knowledge of Docker and also some familiarity with the structure of a NodeJS application.
Before we go any further, ensure that the following is installed on your testing environment:
 1. Docker
 2. NodeJS & NPM
Let's now get our hands dirty.
Step 1: Create a Node.JS application
First, start off by creating a NodeJS application. We will create a new directory and then navigate inside it as shown.
$ mkdir mynode-app && cd mynode-app
Next use npm, short for NodeJS Package Manager, to initialize the directory.
$ npm init
The command creates a file called package.json. You will be prompted for details of the JSON file such as name, version, description, keywords and the author to mention just a few.
At the very end type yes to confirm the preferred details of the json file.
Next, add the express framework by executing the command:
$ npm install express –-save
You should get an output as shown below
Step 2: Create a Node.JS application
In this step, we need to create files needed for the NodeJS application. Let's create 2 sample files as follows:
 1. js
 2. html
For the index.js file, copy and paste the content below:
const express = require('express')
const app = express()
app.listen(3000, () => {
console.log('Listening on port 3000!')
The file creates a route for index.html file which is going to listen on port 3000
For the index.html file, paste the following configuration
Hello there! Welcome to my NodeJS application
We are now ready to launch the NodeJS app.
Step 3: Run the NodeJS application
To launch the application, simply issue the command
$ node index.js
From the output, we can see that the application is listening on port 3000. To confirm this, open your browser and browse your server's IP as shown
Step 4: Dockerize the NodeJS application
Next, we are going to create a Docker file
$ touch dockerfile
Next, Paste the configuration below
FROM node:carbon
WORKDIR /usr/src/app
COPY package*.json./
RUN npm install
COPY..
CMD ["node", "index.js"]
Let's break this down:
The first line shows that we intend to use the latest version of Node to build our image. Node.JS usually uses Chemical elements to name its LTS versions on Node.
The second line points to the creation of the /usr/src/app directory which will accommodate the application's code in the image.
Lines 3 and 4 directs the copying of the package.json file and the execution of the npm install command
COPY.. This packages the NodeJS application – Comprising the HTML and JS files – in the Docker Image.
EXPOSE 3000 This defines the port that the NodeJS app will use
CMD ["node", "index.js"] This displays the command that needs to be executed for the application to start.
Step 5. Build the Node.JS application
After creating the Docker file, we are now going to build the NodeJS app using the command indicated below. Be keen to include a space and a period at the very end as shown. The -t option helps us to tag the image to make it easier to locate it when we run the docker images command.
$ docker build -t mynode-app.
To confirm the existence of the image, run the command:
$ docker images
Step 6. Running the docker container
With our image ready let's now launch it using the command:
# docker run -p 8080:3000 -d node-app
The command will direct the application to listen on port 8080 instead of port 3000. To confirm this, open your browser and browse the server's URL as shown
Step 7. Pushing the application to docker hub
This is the final step having already built our application and ensured that all is working as expected.
Before proceeding, ensure that you have created an account at docker hub
Next, build the image once more using your Docker credentials
# docker build -t [USERNAME]/tag.
The username is your docker hub login username and the tag is your application's tag. In my case, the command will be a shown
# docker build -t jayarthur/mynode-app.
Now login to docker hub a shown.
# docker login
Provide your username and password and hit ENTER
The only thing left now is to push the image to the docker hub. To achieve this, execute the command:
# docker push jayarthur/mynode-app
Finally, log into your Docker hub and confirm the existence of the application's image.
And this brings us the end of this tutorial. Feel free to reach out with your feedback. Thanks.
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Help young people to talk about cancer, fundraise to help millions, and teach and inspire people to make healthy choices for their future.
We are all affected by cancer. We're here to help you give young people the information they need to understand it and the opportunity to discuss it.
At Macmillan we don't want cancer to be the elephant in the (class)room. Yes, it's a big subject but we think it should be an easy and natural one to talk about. That's why we've produced our Talking About Cancer toolkit - to help you discuss it honestly and openly with your pupils aged 9-16 years old as part of your PSHE/PSE/PSD, citizenship or science lessons.
The pack contains everything you need to give young people the facts about cancer they need. We want to help them to make informed lifestyle choices and create a more sensitive and cancer-aware society.|
In the pack you'll find:
You can also download the lesson plans and activity sheets in Welsh from the right hand side of this page.
During Cancertalk Week schools across the UK will be getting the conversation started and becoming part of Macmillan's annual awareness-raising week. Why not use your teaching pack to get your school or class involved? Find out more|.
Organise a spectacular day of fun and do something amazing for people affected by cancer.
Get everything you need to organise a great fundraising event in your school or youth group.
Download the PDFs of lesson plans and activity sheets in Welsh.
If you have any questions about Macmillan we would love to hear from you|.
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© Macmillan Cancer Support 2013
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A community responds to economic change: A case study of the Lehigh Valley
This study emerges out of two research initiatives. The first, "Work Readiness, School Effectiveness, and Employer Satisfaction" was conducted by the National Center on the Educational Quality of the Workforce (EQW). The second, "Six-Nation Education for the Twenty-First Century Project-Vocational Training and Educational Growth Project" was initiated under the auspices of the Institute for Research on Higher Education (IRHE). In both studies, focus groups were conducted with three significant stakeholder groups—students, educators, and employers. Economic change, which is brought about by advances in technology and global competition, was viewed as the underlying reality for shifts occurring in the Lehigh Valley. Many studies focus on global competition and how nations respond to changing economies. However, less is understood about: (a) how community stakeholders respond to regional industry and occupational shifts, (b) what jobs, skills, education, and training are valued by whom and why, and (c) what the links are between education and economic development. In order to facilitate greater understanding, this study provides an overview of the issues facing youths, schools, and employers. The questions posed to Lehigh Valley students, education administrators, and hiring managers identify contributing factors for the exodus of youths, the sources of conflicting tension between employers and schools, and the role of education in economic development. The results of this study show that the expectations of some students align well with the region's employers' needs and others do not. Schools are experiencing more pressure to respond to employers' need for workplace skills with new educational initiatives, while complimentary education policies support local workforce development efforts. The short-term goals and long-term vision that are offered is key to meeting the impact of the global economy at a local level. ^
Economics, Labor|Education, Secondary|Sociology, Social Structure and Development|Education, Higher
Jacqueline Anne Hendrick,
"A community responds to economic change: A case study of the Lehigh Valley"
(January 1, 2001).
Dissertations available from ProQuest.


How Can Technology Boost Your Health?
How Can Technology Boost Your Health?
How Can Technology Boost Your Health?
Tech has become an integral part of life, and while it can overwhelm people sometimes, it can also be very helpful with daily life. When considering your health, tech has the potential to boost it, and below are just a few ways that it can do exactly that.
Raise awareness of health issues
A big way that technology is helpful is by raising awareness of various health conditions, fitness, and balanced eating. The Internet is available whenever you need it, and searching Google can give you a wealth of information without even leaving home.
A growing number of people are on their smartphones daily, accessing information about wellness on the go. Learning about health trends, statistics, and more can help those same people to make better choices about their well-being.
Motivate yourself and others
Staying motivated physically and mentally can be easier with the use of technology. For example, you can easily find online groups and forums for those who are going through similar challenges to you, which can help keep you from feeling alone.
Plus, some apps encourage a community feeling, and joining them can introduce you to new friends. They can motivate you with your fitness goals, weight loss objectives, or something else, and you can do the same for them.
Tracking stats for you
Tech is also great for monitoring various aspects of your health. For example, get the results of an easy and accurate check of your thyroid levels online from home. Getting your results on a secure platform can help you take steps to boost your health; if the test indicates an abnormal level, then you ought to reach out to your doctor.
You also might not know it, but iPhones track how many steps you take in a day. You can use that information to determine if you are getting enough exercise regularly and adjust your fitness plan accordingly.
Improving sleep
In such a busy world, it's vital to get enough sleep. But many people fail to do so because of their hectic schedules. Adequate sleep can have many benefits, though, such as being in a better mood, so it's important not to ignore it. Many people struggle with falling asleep, or indeed relaxing, and that can often be the hardest part. There are so many ways in which you could try and improve your sleep. You could look at changing your routine before heading to bed, a warm drink or bath and even oils for sleep could help. The more you try different ways of helping you to fall into a gentle and deep sleep, the better you will feel in your waking life. However, there is one method that you may have avoided because advice would state that technology isn't the best before bed. But there are options where technology could prove to be useful when it comes to sleep.
Sleep apps can be helpful if you have trouble falling asleep, as well as when waking up is hard for you. To implement a better bedtime routine, a sleep app that tracks when you fall asleep, when you wake up, and how long you slept, can be helpful. Also, consider putting a blue light filter on your phone at night so that its screen does not hamper your ability to fall asleep.
The power of health technology
There are many ways to use tech today to get more information about your body to improve your personal wellness. The results you get from tech can help motivate you to change things for the better, get support in the case of an issue arising, and enjoy a better quality of life overall. Perhaps best of all, tech is often designed to be easy to use so that it is not a big inconvenience to incorporate into your day.
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A visible boundary, such as a fence or wall, can make a yard feel small
and claustrophobic. Concealing boundaries with plants will radically
improve the appearance of a yard, transforming it into an attractive
Back Fence Disguise
In many small yards, the most obvious boundary is
the back fence, which, if visible, immediately gives away the length of
the yard. By creating a mixed border directly in front, using a range of
plants that will grow as tall as, or taller than, the fence, you will
succeed in blurring the edges of your lot. Make sure the border is a
reasonable depth: a narrow strip in front of the fence, deep enough for
only one plant, is likely to draw attention to the boundary rather than
One of the most effective ways to disguise a boundary
and also make a yard seem larger is to create a false perspective. For
example, in a yard that appears short, make the borders running down the
sides of the yard taper outward so that they are wider at the far end,
making the yard appear longer. Another visual trick is to draw the eye
away from the boundaries with a central, circular lawn or paved area,
and surround it with dense plantings. Evergreen shrubs will ensure that
the effect lasts all year.
Dividing up the yard with various plant screens so that the
entire yard is never completely visible from any one position will help
make it feel larger and shift the emphasis away from the boundaries.
Even a small lot can be divided up in this way using trellis or woven
willow screens as supports for climbing plants; these also help to
maximize growing space.
Having a small garden does not mean that you should restrict yourself to small plants; in fact, doing so serves to underline a yard's limited size. Positioning a selection of quite large plants in front of fences or walls in generous-sized beds that have been pushed to the edges of the lot will help to maximize space in the center of the yard, creating a courtyard. The plants will also help to hide fences and walls.


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Binomial Distribution Calculator
The binomial distribution calculator calculates the binomial distribution for the given values. The binomial distribution is defined as the probability of exactly x success on n experiments with only two possible outcomes. It is also known as binomial probability.
What is a Binomial Distribution Calculator?
Binomial Distribution Calculator is an online tool that helps to calculate the binomial distribution. This online binomial distribution calculator helps you to calculate the value of binomial probability in a few seconds. To use this binomial distribution calculator, enter the values given in the input box.
How to Use Binomial Distribution Calculator?
Please follow the steps below to find the binomial distribution using an online binomial distribution calculator:
- Step 1: Go to Cuemath's online binomial distribution calculator.
- Step 2: Enter the probability of success of a single trial, number of successes, and number of trials in the given input boxes.
- Step 3: Click on the "Calculate" button to find the value of the binomial distribution.
- Step 4: Click on the "Reset" button to clear the fields and enter the different values.
How Binomial Distribution Calculator Works?
The binomial distribution is defined as the probability of getting exactly a specific number of successes in a specific number of trials. To find out the binomial distribution we use the following formula:
b(r; n, P) = nCr × Pr × (1 – P)n – r
Where b is the binomial probability, n is the number of trials, r is the number of successes, and P is the probability of success of a single trial.
Solved Example on Binomial Distribution
A coin is tossed 7 times. What is the probability of getting exactly 4 heads in these 7 tosses and verify it using the binomial distribution calculator?
Given: Number of trials = 7 and Number of success = 4
Probability of getting heads in a single coin toss = 0.5
Now, probability of getting 4 heads in 7 tosses = b(r; n, P) = nCr × Pr × (1 – P)n – r
b(4; 7, 0.5) = 7C4 × (0.5)4 × (1 – 0.5)7 - 4
b(4; 7, 0.5) = 35 × 0.0625 × (0.5)3
b(4; 7, 0.5) = 2.1875 × 0.125
b(4; 7, 0.5) = 0.2734
Therefore, the probability of getting exactly 4 heads in these 7 tosses is 0.2734
Similarly, you can use the binomial distribution calculator and find the binomial distribution for:
- Number of trails = 15, probability of success of a single trial = 0.4, and number of successes = 5
- Number of trails = 7, probability of success of a single trial = 0.8, and number of successes = 3


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There is another exercise where I am given a non-linear system of ODEs and a question that confuses me:
Consider $$x'=x(y+1)\\ \text{ and }\\ y'=xy+2.$$
"Determine stationary points of the system, and linearize the system at the stationary points, determine the geometric type of the linearizations and the stability."
The only stationary point is $(x=2,y=-1)$. For the stability, I wrote $$f(x)=x(y+1),\\ g(y)=xy+2,$$ then differentiated: $$f'(x)=y+1,\\ g'(y)=x.$$ At $(-1,2)$, these values are $0$ and $2$. For $f$, I wrote that we cannot use linear terms in the expansion and hence would have to consider $f''$ and so on. For $g$, since it's greater than zero, the point is not linearly stable in $y$-direction.
But what is meant by "determine the geometric type of the linearizations"? What are types of linearizations? What am I missing here?
all the best,
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For the stability you should evaluate the Jacobi matrix (see my comment here). The geometric type of linearization is determined by the eigenvalues of this matrix. You can start learning these matters, e.g., here.
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Peripheral Milling of Thin Titanium Plates: Modelling, Analysis, and Process Planning
Maropoulos, P. G.
This paper presents research conducted to model and analyse the peripheral milling of thin titanium plates. Impact tests are performed and the vibration characteristics of a thin titanium plate modelled empirically. The force process is described by a mechanistic model and experimental data are used to determine the model parameters. The particle swarm optimization technique is used to determine the parameters of the plate vibration and force process models, which are combined to create a complete model of the thin titanium plate peripheral milling operation. The models are validated experimentally and excellent agreement is shown between the simulation and experimental results. A process planning scheme for peripheral milling of thin titanium plates is developed and applied. In this scheme integer numbers of widths-of-cut and depths-of-cut are used and the optimal helix angle and feed are computed for each combination of width-of-cut and depth-of-cut. The process planning test case revealed that the optimal material removal rate decreases as the width-of-cut decreases, the optimal helix angle is independent of the width-of-cut, and the optimal feed increases as the width-of-cut decreases. The test case also revealed that the optimal material removal rate is independent of depth-of-cut, the optimal helix angle increases as the depth-of-cut decreases, and the optimal feed increases as the depth-of-cut decreases.
R. G. Landers et al., "Peripheral Milling of Thin Titanium Plates: Modelling, Analysis, and Process Planning," Journal of Engineering Manufacture, SAGE Publications, Jan 2011.
The definitive version is available at _URL_
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Keywords and Phrases
Titanium Milling; Vibration and Force Modeling; Process Planning
Article - Journal
© 2011 SAGE Publications, All rights reserved.
01 Jan 2011


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Hanging Cable as Rotational Vibration Absorberby Ollie L. Vance,
James H. Woodward,
Serial Information: Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division, 1976, Vol. 102, Issue 2, Pg. 377-382
Document Type: Journal Paper
Many basic textbooks present an analysis of free vibration of a uniform cable hanging in a gravitational field. An extension to illustrate the effects of a concentrated tip mass is given in Ref. 3. The purpose of this note is twofold: 1. To investigate the free vibration of the rigid body-cable system. 2. to show how a uniform hanging cable can be used as a dynamic absorber for a rigid body constrained to rotate about a fixed axis containing its mass center and subjected to sinusoidal moment disturbances.
Subject Headings: Cables | Vibration | Rotation | Rigid body dynamics | Moment (mechanics)
Services: Buy this book/Buy this article
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