text: Charles Martin Loeffler (_PHONE_) was a significant American composer of the generation who came into prominence before the First World War. His compositions were influenced by César Franck, Ernest Chausson and Claude Debussy, and also by'symbolist and decadent' literature. In his later years he also, unexpectedly, became deeply interested in jazz, and wrote some works for jazz band. In 1900 Loeffler took a shine to the saxophone and gave it an exposed place in the spotlight in the nine-minute Hispanic Divertissement Espagnol. Its smoothly serenading ways are indulged and it consists of three movements: Moderato, Andante and Allegro Moderato.


text:
Distinguishing problems in interval graphs
CNRS - Universit\'e Lyon 1 (France)
Universit\'e Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand (France)
Durham University (United Kingdom)
CNRS - Universit\'e Paris Sud (France)
Universit\'e Aix-Marseille (France)
Minisymposium: METRIC DIMENSION AND RELATED PARAMETERS
Content: We consider the problems of finding optimal identifying codes, (open) locating-dominating sets and resolving sets of an interval or a permutation graph. In these problems, one asks to distinguish all vertices of a graph by a subset of the vertices, using either the neighbourhood within the solution set or the distances to the solution vertices. Using a general reduction for this class of problems, we prove that the decision problems associated to these four notions are NP-complete, even for graphs that are at the same time interval graphs and permutation graphs and have diameter 2. While finding an optimal identifying code and an (open) locating-dominating set are trivially fixed-parameter-tractable when parametrized by solution size, it is known that in the same setting finding the metric dimension of a graph (which is the size of an optimal resolving set) is W-hard. We show that for interval graphs, this parametrization of metric dimension is fixed parameter tractable.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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I am a bit confused about approaching this problem,
Let $g(x)$ be a function such that $g(x + 1) + g(x − 1) = g(x)$ for every real $x$. Then for what value of p is the relation $g(x + p) = g(x)$ necessarily true for every real $x$?
The four options given are $5,3,2 \text{ and } 6$.Please explain your answer.
share|improve this question
This cannot be difficult - there are only a small number of cases to try. Hint: rewrite $g(x + 1) + g(x − 1) = g(x)$ as $g(x + 1) = g(x) - g(x − 1)$ and use it to express $g(x+r)$ in terms of $g(x)$ and $g(x-1)$. – Mark Bennet Jun 27 '11 at 6:20
It would be nice if $0$ were a choice... – Ross Millikan Jun 27 '11 at 13:35
1 Answer 1
up vote 7 down vote accepted
Note that $$g(x+1) = g(x)-g(x-1)$$ for all $x$.
So $g(x+2) = g((x+1)+1) = g(x+1)-g(x) = g(x)-g(x-1)-g(x) = -g(x-1)$. Replacing $x$ with $x+1$ we get $g(x+3)=-g(x)$ for all $x$.
So $g(x+6) = -g(x+3) = -(-(g(x))) = g(x)$. So the answer is $6$.
(We already had that $2$ does not work; if you want to see why $5$ doesn't work, we have $g(x+5) = -g(x+2) = -(-g(x-1)) = g(x-1)$).
share|improve this answer
very nice solution! – mathmath8128 Jun 27 '11 at 6:54
Your Answer


text:
Hesperocallis undulata Desert Lily 10 seeds
Seeds Hesperocallis undulata Ajo Lily or Desert Lily. Very fragrant, large waxy white flowers. Narrow, wavy-margined leaves. The unbranched erect stems are typically 12″ to 20″ high. Bulbous plant that blooms in April and May, but may bloom earlier if conditions are right. Native to Colorado desert of Southern California. Grows in sandy soil and hardy in zones 9a-11. The bulbs have a garlic-like flavor and were eaten by native americans. Germination in 1 to 4 months and said to be tricky to germinate.


text: Toddlers Who Have Poor Relationship With Mom May Find Refuge in Food, Researchers Say Tots who have a poor relationship with their moms are more likely to be obese by the time they turn 15, a new study shows. So just how does a toddler's less-than-stellar relationship with mom affect risk for being obese as a teen? The reasons are not fully understood, but study researchers suggest these toddlers, when coping with stress, may begin to use food as a source of comfort in place of mom at a very early age. The findings appear in the January 2012 issue of Pediatrics. One thing, however, is clear: Childhood obesity rates in the U.S. are getting higher. As it stands, about 1 in 3 children in the U.S. are overweight or obese and this includes pre-schoolers. This suggests that whatever is causing the uptick starts pretty early. Relationship With Mom May Play Role in Childhood Obesity Researchers analyzed close to 1,000 toddlers' emotional bonds with their moms at 15 months, 2, and 3 years of age. They measured mom's sensitivity during 15-minute videotaped play sessions. Maternal sensitivity refers to a mother's ability to know what her child is feeling and respond with comfort, consistency, and warmth. The researchers also looked for signs of "secure attachment" among toddlers. This means that an infant or toddler sees mom as a safe home base.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
How to Make Electric Play-Doh
- 5:48 PM
Want to introduce your kids to electronics? Ditch the circuit boards and go with that sticky staple of early childhood: Play-Doh. The off-the-shelf variety isn't conductive enough, but adding the right amount of salt and cream of tartar to your homemade version lets you create circuits, illuminate LEDs, and even make motors spin!
1// Make the insulating dough
Mix 1½ cups flour, ½ cup sugar, 3 Tbsp. vegetable oil, ½ cup distilled water, and food dye in a medium-size bowl. Stir until doughy. Turn out onto a flour-coated surface and knead.
2// Cook the conductive dough
Mix 1½ cups flour, ¼ cup salt, 1 Tbsp. vegetable oil, 1 cup tap water, food dye, and 3 Tbsp. cream of tartar in a pot over medium heat. Stir constantly until the dough thickens. Lay out on a floured surface to cool. (Keep small fingers away—it'll be hot.)
3// Complete the circuit
Sandwich a piece of insulating dough between two balls of conductive dough. Insert the terminals of a DC power supply (one that takes two AAs or four AAAs, available at electronics shops) into each conductive piece and join them with an LED. Let there be light!
Refrigerate the dough in plastic bags for future experiments.
Developed at the University of St. Thomas School of Engineering


Distinguished Name values, or that are illegal for technology-specific reasons.
SCEP - Simple Certificate Enrollment Protocol
SCEP is an enrollment method to allows a device to generate a certificate request and automatically submit it to a CA. It can also support certificate revocation and CRL lookups. SCEP was originally designed by Cisco and can work for most non-Windows devices. NDES (Network Device Enrollment Service) is Microsoft's implementation of SCEP.
Self-Signed Certificate
A self-signed certificate is a certificate that uses its public key to verify its own signature and where the subject name is identical to the issuer name. A Root CA uses a self-signed certificate in its establishment as the root of trust in the PKI.
Session Key
Session keys are used in single communication settings usually using symmetric encryption. They are short-lived and discarded when no longer needed. Used for encrypting and decrypting large amounts of data, they are also employed in the public-private key exchange for sending and receiving messages in that process.
SHA - Secure Hash Algorithm
SHA is a hashing algorithm that generates a message digest. It is used with the Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA) in the Digital Signature Standard (DSS), among other places. There are four varieties of SHA:
 - SHA-1
S/MIME - Secure/Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
Originally developed as PKCS#7, S/MIME is a standard to secure MIME data with public key signing and encryption as defined in RFC 5751. A S/MIME template is available in ADCS that incorporates this standard for securing email in an enterprise.
Credit card-sized hardware token chip card that incorporates one or more integrated circuit (IC) chips to implement cryptographic functions, has inherent resistance to tampering, and stores private keys. A PIV is a US Government issued smartcard with a picture image and storage of certificates and biometrics.
SSL - Secure Sockets Layer
SSL is a protocol to provide communication security over a computer network using X.509 certificates. It has since been superseded by the TLS protocol.
SAN - Subject Alternative Name
The Subject Alternative Name (SAN) is an X.509 v3 certificate extension that binds additional information to the subject DN of a certificate. Google Chrome, for example, only checks the SAN for identity. Accepted practice now is to include the Subject Name, or Common Name, in the SAN field.
Subject Name
The Subject Name is the Common Name of the certificate referring to the identity of the user, computer, or service it is requested for. Supported keys in an enrollment include:
 - L = Locality
 - E, EMAIL = email address
 - T, Title = Title of subject in an organization
 - DC = One part of a DNS name (dc=contoso)
Subordinate CA
A CA whose certificate signature key is certified by another CA, and whose activities are constrained by that other CA. They can be Issuing CAs at the bottom tier of a two or three-tier hierarchy or at the middle tier of a three-tier hierarchy serving as a Policy CA that issues certificates and enforces policies to Issuing CAs. These are sometimes referred to as Intermediate CAs.
A subscriber is an entity that enrolls for a certificate from an Issuing CA and bears ultimate responsibility for the use of the private key associated with the certificate. These responsibilities are detailed in the Certification Practice Statement (CPS) and the Certificate Policy (CP).
Suite B
Suite B is a set of advanced cryptographic algorithms promulgated by the National Security Agency as part of its Cryptographic Modernization Program. Protocols included are AES, SHA-2, ECDH, and ECDSA.
Symmetric Key
A secret key used with a symmetric cryptographic algorithm and where the same key is used for both encryption and decryption.
The thumbprint is a unique hash value using the SHA-1 algorithm that uniquely identifies a certificate. It is computed over the complete certificate, which includes all its fields, including the signature, and is unrelated to the hash used in the digital signature, thus it is unique everywhere. Although a serial number is unique to CA, it may not be unique everywhere since the same number could be computed from another CA.
Time-stamping is used often in Code Signing or Document Signing and creates a notation that indicates, at a minimum, the correct date and time of an action or activity and the identity of the entity that created the notation.
Time-Stamping Authority
The Trust Service Provider operating, controlling, and issuing time-stamps for use by other entities.
TLS - Transport Layer Security
TLS is a security protocol that supports confidentiality and integrity of messages in client and server applications communicating over open networks.
TPM - Trusted Platform Module
A TPM is a secure crypto-processor implemented in the form of a hardware chip embedded on a computer or device. It generates and protects cryptographic keys and is commonly used to authenticate hardware devices.
Validation is the process by which an end-entity certificate certifies the certificate chain of trust in a PKI.
Validity Period
The period that is defined within a certificate, during which that certificate is intended to be valid. It begins when the certificate is issued and ends with the completion of the validity or if it's revoked or suspended earlier.
X.509 is a standard defining the format of public key certificates, revocation lists, and the certification path validation algorithm used in a strict hierarchal PKI infrastructure. Additionally, it defines the extensions, certificate structure, certificate uses, etc. It is standardized in RFC 5280 for version 2 and version 3 certificates.


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13.9: How Do You Spell [k]?
Difficulty Level: At Grade Created by: CK-12
How Do You Spell [k]?
1. The sound [k] is spelled many different ways. Underline the letters that you think are spelling [k] in the following words. Then write the letters that spell [k] in the blanks. You should find that [k] is spelled eleven different ways!
Word [k] = Word [k] =
zodiac acquired
remarkable khan
equally saccharine
hockey bookcase
schemer trekkie
accommodations
2. In spite of all these different spellings of [k], more than nine times out of ten [k] will be spelled either , , or . And we can usually predict which of these three spellings to choose. Underline the letters that spell [k] at the beginning of each of the following words:
& \text{\underline{c}ounterfeit} && \text{\underline{k}itchen} && \text{\underline{c}rime} && \text{\underline{c}ommunity} \\& \text{\underline{c}alculate} && \text{\underline{c}ritical} && \text{\underline{k}indly} && \text{\underline{c}limate} \\& \text{\underline{c}ondemn} && \text{\underline{c}ampaign} && \text{\underline{c}ongress} && \text{\underline{c}apital} \\& \text{\underline{k}ey} && \text{\underline{c}linic} && \text{\underline{k}ettle} && \text{\underline{c}onscience}
3. Sort the sixteen words into these two groups:
Words in which [k] is spelled...

key counterfeit crime
kitchen calculate congress
kindly condemn community
kettle critical climate
campaign capital
clinic conscience
4. Underline the letter that comes right after the or in each of the sixteen words above. Then sort the words into this matrix:
Words in which [k] is spelled...

Words with an <\mathrm{i}> or right after the [k]
Words with no <\mathrm{i}> or right after the [k]
5. In each of these words is there a [k] sound at the beginning of the word, in the middle, or at the end? At the beginning
6. You should have seen that each time a word starts with [k] with an <\mathrm{i}> or right after it, the [k] is spelled . Otherwise, [k] at the beginning of a word is spelled . Have you ever seen a word begin with ? No If you saw one, like maybe , wouldn't it look odd? Yes
7. At the beginning of a word, [k] is never spelled ; it is usually spelled or . If the [k] has an <\mathrm{i}> or an right after it, it is usually spelled ; otherwise, it is usually spelled .
Teaching Notes.
Item 7. The usually's in this conclusion are important in two ways:
1. As the students have already seen, [k] can be spelled several different ways, and this conclusion only speaks of those words that have an initial [k] that is spelled either or . It says nothing yet about words like queen or chrome, in which initial [k] is spelled some way other than or . This lesson and the following are concerned only with sorting out , , and , which are far and away the most common spellings of [k].
2. There are a number of words, though very few that are commonly used, that have initial [k] spelled with something other than the , <\mathrm{i}>, or following that the conclusion calls for. In most cases they are quite recent adoptions that still reflect the spelling patterns of their source languages: kangaroo (Australian), kayak (Eskimo), kona (Hawaiian). Some are from Greek and still have the Greek kappa translated as : kaleidoscope, krypton. Kleptomania, also Greek, has the more regular spelling cleptomania. Krypton has the same Greek base as cryptic and crypt but retains the older spelling with , probably because it is used only in technical language (and, of course, Superman), and technical language tends to be conservative in its treatment of words and their spelling. Kaleidoscope is somewhat similar: The Greek base kal(l)- means "beautiful" and is appears, with a different, and more regular, spelling, in such words as calligraphy and callisthenics.
For more on the spelling of [k], see AES, pp. 355-72.
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text:
Researchers at Texas State University say the allignment of the sun, the Earth and the moon may have something to do with the sinking of the Titanic, according to Outcome Magazine. The once-in-a-lifetime lineup happened three months before the April 15, 1912, sinking, but it may have been what caused a record high tide that carried icebergs farther south in the Atlantic than anyone expected.
More from GlobalPost: Your body parts, made to order
Greenland icebergs — the type that the Titanic struck — usually get stuck in the shallow waters off Labrador and Newfoundland in Canada, reported Reuters, and cannot continue moving southward until they have melted enough to float again or until a high tide sets them free.
But the R.M.S. Titanic went down on a moonless night, according to National Geographic. Texas State astronomer Donald Olson believes the iceberg boom was the result of the rare combination of celestial phenomena, which included a "supermoon": when the moon is full during its closest monthly approach to the Earth.
The high tide caused by the strange combination of astronomical events would have been enough to dislodge icebergs, reported Reuters, and give them the ability to float to the shipping lanes by April.
"In astronomical terms, the odds of all these variables lining up in just the way they did was, well, astronomical," Olson told Reuters.


text:
Humanosphere Podcast Examines Different Ways To Approach Aid, Development
Humanosphere features a podcast on aid theory with Owen Barder of the Center for Global Development. "Much of aid and development today is done more like an engineer building a bridge — with a precise blueprint, clear end goal done according to quantifiable steps. Barder, who is a big fan of metrics and quantification, nevertheless thinks we need to approach the fight against poverty more like [a] biologist, letting the process of change unfold, adapting and learning along the way. It's a discussion that also reveals why the semantics of aid and development are part of the problem," journalist Ansel Herz writes (1/24).


Conditional code compilation in Java
In C/C++ there is a construct which allows you to conditionally compile code. Yes I am talking about the _TAG_... _TAG_ Java doesn't have an equivalent. But you can use the following clever trick to achieve the same functionality.
Why conditionally compile code?
So before we proceed, you might ask me, why we need to do conditionally compiling? There are couple of reasons, but the main reason which motivated me to look for the solution is to conditionally enable debug statements. You can say that we can probably use a boolean variable or a function call, to determine whether we need to output the debug statement or not. But if the number of debug statements is high then they could add up.
Setting up final boolean variable
So the trick is simple. You have to create a if statement with a boolean private variable and if you make the boolean private variable as final and set the value to false, then at compile time, the compiler will be able to determine that these code branches are unreachable and will not include them as part of the compiled code.
Sample Code
The following sample code explains this trick.
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text:
Finger Dowsing: How To Tell If Your Partner Is Faithful – by Tana Hoy
Did you know that you can use a secret psychic method of divination to tell if your partner is faithful? You don't have to use a pendulum, or other psychic tools such as Tarot cards to get this information. All you need is your mind, your will, and your index finger, to get an answer!
Finger Dowsing - An Excellent Method To Find Answers
To dowse is when you try to search for hidden objects, like water or treasures, with the use of instruments such as pendulums and dowsing rods. When you dowse with your finger, your finger becomes like a human dowsing rod. Instead of lusing it to look for objects, you can use it to find answers to questions, especially questions about love and relationships.
Learning to dowse with your finger is actually very convenient because you can do it very discreetly. For example, while you're sitting across from your date in a restaurant, waiting for your food to be served, you can secretly divine an answer to find out if he or she is really interested in having a relationship with you. Or when you are standing in line behind your partner, you can use it to see if they are being faithful, or telling the truth about something!
How To Be A Finger Dowser
Certain preparation is needed if you're going to use this finger technique to dowse, especially when it's your first time. But the most important advice I can give is, always try clear your mind of jealousy, vengeful thoughts, self-doubt, and other negative emotions, when using this method, as this will greatly affect the answer you will get.
Here are the steps you need to do to prepare yourself for using this method:
1. Every day for several days, spend time in a quiet room.
2. Focus your attention on the tip of your index finger – if you're right-handed, use your left index finger, and if you're left-handed, use your right one.
3. Visualize in your mind that the tip of your finger is like an antenna for receiving psychic energy. Imagine it becoming hyper sensitive to the energy of your surroundings.
4. Be clear in your mind that your index finger is for receiving vibrations, not sending them out, because you don't want to accidentally zap someone with your focused energy.
5. Point it at different objects in the room, and try to sense their energy through your finger.
How To Calibrate Your Finger
After a few minutes of doing this, you will need to calibrate your finger:
1. First, point your index finger at nothing in particular, and hold it steady for a few moments, and then start moving it up and down. Affirm in youe mind that this up and down movement means "yes." Keep practicing this until you feel comfortable associating this finger movement with a "yes" answer.
2. Next, point your finger steadily forward again, and move it from side to side, allowing yourself to accept that this means "no." Repeat this until you feel comfortable knowing that this is a "no" answer!
3. Now, point your finger steadily forward again but this time move it in a circular finger movement. Program your mind to know that this means "uncertain."
Now, practice asking yes or no questions that you know the answer to. For example, point your finger at the lamp and ask yourself, "Is the lamp turned on?", etc. See if you can get a response.
You will need to practice this exercise several times a day, whenever possible. Don't fret if you don't get a response right away. It takes lots of practice and patience.
Once you're confident of your ability at getting answers using finger dowsing, you are ready to use this technique to answer your question about your partner.
How To Finger Dowse
- Before you meet your partner, spend some time meditating. You need to clear your mind of negative emotions, and be as relaxed as possible.
- As you meditate, focus your mind on this person. Try to see him or her objectively – as a person. Imperfect, yet perfect in his or her own right.
- After a while, form the question you want to ask. Remember, it has to be answerable by yes or no, and it needs to be objective so your personal emotions won't influence the outcome.
- Ask your question several times inside your mind. Then let it go.
- Relax your mind for another few minutes, then slowly bring yourself out of your meditative state.
Finger Dowsing is really simple to do!
1. Look for an opportunity where you can discreetly use your finger dowsing. You can do it under the table, or while you're watching a movie. Just make sure that you do it discreetly, since no one enjoys being pointed at.
2. Point your finger discreetly at your partner.
3. Ask your question inside your head.
4. Wait for your finger to give you an answer.
Now, remember, if you get an answer you don't particularly like, it's not good manners to start a fight or storm out. It's always best to talk it over, and settle the score.
If you want to know if someone is faithful, or confirm what you suspect, during a psychic reading I can give you the right advice and show you how to handle this situation! You can schedule a psychic reading with me by clicking here now!


AR# 52881
Configuration - BitStream Encryption - How to create and program an encrypted bitstream
How do I generate an encrypted bitstream and how do I program the encryption keys into the FPGA?
Xilinx FPGAs support several bitstream encryption methods including AES, HMAC and DNA.
These methods are detailed in the FPGA's respective configuration user guide found on
We strongly urge customers to read the configurations user guide to familiarize themselves with where Xilinx stands on bitstream security and what available options there are as well as information on how to implement them.
You will also need to use external encryption devices to protect your design.
You can read the device to get a key and calculate a verification code.
Here is a reference design that details a similar implementation:
Note that this is all that is available regarding this implementation and you will need to modify the reference design and code provided if you chose to pursue this route.
When selecting BBRAM or eFUSE storage options, it is highly recommended that you consider their use properties and what satisfies your design requirements better.
Please refer to the following tables and notes on each of their use advantages/disadvantages.
More on each of these storage options can be found in the respective devices User guide.
The following is general information about bitstream encryption with Xilinx devices.
Virtex-6 and 7-Series devices support the use of both HMAC and AES keys.
Spartan devices only have the AES key option.
Also compression and encryption together are only supported for Virtex-6 and 7 Series devices.
Refer to (Xilinx Answer 37413).
Only the three largest Spartan-6 devices support bitstream Encryption(XC6SLX75 / 75T, XC6SLX100 / 100T & XC6SLX150 / 150T).
The HMAC key is included in bitstream and does not need to be programmed to FPGA unlike the AES key.
The HMAC key is contained in the same NKY key file as the AES encryption key as well as the BIT file.
Users can perform readback through the ICAP interface even if bitstream encryption is used.
An unencrypted bitstream can be loaded to configure the device even when a device holds an encryption key, given that POR or PROG asserted first clearing out the configuration memory.
Note that once the FUSE_CNTL[0] bit is programmed, only bitstreams encrypted with the eFUSE key can be used to configure the FPGA.
The NKY files can be either supplied to BitGen or created in BitGen by supplying the keys.
If a HMAC key is not supplied, BitGen automatically generates one for you.
However, the key is however not loaded into the FPGA device directly via JTAG like the AES key.
It is contained and protected (wrapped) by the encrypted bitstream.
During the on-chip decryption process, this HMAC key is extracted from the bitstream and used by the authentication algorithm (i.e., no on-chip key storage for the HMAC key is required).
The NKY file format is: KEY HMAC/(0 for AES) (256 bit HMAC/AES key)
The following is an example NKY file:
The StartCBC BitGen setting is an option and not mandatory.
Xilinx AES bitstream encryption uses a technique called Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) with a 256-bit AES key.
CBC ensures that two different parts of the bitstream that have the same actual values (for example, all zeros) encrypt to different patterns.
This prevents an attacker from decrypting xilinx bitstream based on seen patterns.
CBC needs a starting random number (Initialization Vector).
AES/HMAC KEY Flow for BBRAM & EFUSE(ISE/Vivado & IMPACT/HW-Session):
1) Enable the Encryption BitGen setting after implementing the design.
2) Select BBRAM or EFuse for the Encryption scheme, then enter the HMAC and/or AES Key and run BitGen to generate an NKY(key) and/or BIT(config) file.
 - Both HMAC and AES keys are required for Virtex 6 and 7 series devices.
 - If you have the Encryption enabled but do not specify the keys or the AES initial vector, BitGen will randomly generate them.
Note: See (UG908) for more info on Programming and Debugging with the Vivado Flow.
Bitstream options in Vivado are set in the design itself via the design's XDC file.
Follow the below steps to enable and set bitstream encryption for your Vivado design:
1) Open your design post-Synthesis or post-Implementation and open your XDC by double clicking it under the constraints drop down from the project sources window.
2) In your XDC file set the following property to enable bit stream encryption:
set_property BITSTREAM.ENCRYPTION.ENCRYPT Yes [current_design]
3) Reference Table A-1 of "Device Configuration Bitstream Settings" section in (UG908) to similarly set the rest of the encryption options in your XDC or Tcl script.
4) An example would look like below:
Note: These can also be set via Tcl and be reflected in the XDC, either by using the Tcl console or scripting in Tcl.
5) After generating the bitstream you can either launch iMPACT or open a Hardware Session and follow one of the below sections.
Note: To report all of the BITSTREAM properties you can use the following to list all bit-stream properties.
report_property -all [current_design] BITSREAM*
You can be even more exclusive and use:
report_property -all [current_design] BITSREAM.CONFIG*
report_property -all [current_design] BITSREAM.ENCRYPTION*
If the default values are listed, you can use the following for each property you want check.
list_property_value -default [current_design]
Programming the Encrypted Bitstream Via IMPACT and Vivado Hardware session:
1) First, download the NKY file to the FPGA in the same way as you would a BIT file using the "assign configuration file" right click option on the selected device.
Note: The NKY file should be generated in the same project directory as the BIT file.
2) Then you can configure the FPGA with the Encrypted or non-Encrypted BIT file, in which case the key is ignored.
Please refer to the Configuration user guides or (Xilinx Answer 39389) for different configuration options that free up or become restricted when using an Encrypted vs non Encrypted bitstream with AES key.
Hardware Session:
1) Launch a Hardware Session under Program and Debug in the Flow Navigator window.
2) Open an existing/recent hardware target or connect to a new one via the Connection Wizard.
3) set the appropriate hardware properties as per the device/board.
4) Assign the NKY file and the BIT files as shown below by right clicking on your target device.
AES/HMAC KEY switches (Command Line) and description for BBRAM & EFUSE:
ISE BitGen Option Settings & CMD Line Switches for Encryption:
Example Commands:
-g Encrypt: Encrypt Bitstream Enable/Disable to encrypt the bitstream.
-g HKey: HMAC Key (Hex String) Allows a HMAC key to be specified. Will be written into the Key file.
-g KeyFile: Input Encryption Key File Contains part AES key and part AES initial vector. BitGen creates random key and vector if not specified.
-g startCBC: AES Initial Vector Allows the initial vector to be specified. Will be written into the Key file.
Basic BitGen encryption command for Spartan-6:
bitgen -w -g Encrypt:Yes -g Key0:XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX system.ncd
A more detailed BitGen command for Virtex-6 or 7 series device:
bitgen -w -g Encrypt:Yes -g EncryptKeySelect:efuse -g Key0:XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX -g HKey:XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX -g compress system.ncd system.bit system.pcf
A more complicated command using different available options:
bitgen -w -g Security:Level2 -g Encrypt:Yes -g KeyFile:XXX.nky -g StartCBC:XXXXXXXX -g JTAG_SysMon:Disable -g compress system.ncd system.bit system.pcf
Please Refer to the 14.4 Command Line Users Guide for more information regarding additional BitGen options/switches.
Please Refer to XAPP1084 for more detailed information regarding Bitstream Encryption/Decryption for Virtex-6 and 7 Series.
AR# 52881
Date 06/09/2015
Status Active
Type Solution Center
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Best Ways to Organize Your Kitchen
 - Take inventory. Pull all items out of the cupboards and place on a large table. Put things into groups, creating a loose hierarchy based on how often you use the pieces.
 - Donate or toss. Evaluate each item. If you have three frying pans of the same size, donate one, along with anything you haven't used in a couple of years. Discard anything that's broken and can't be repaired or is missing parts, like a pot without a handle.
 - Create zones. When putting back items, place those used for cooking and food preparation in cabinets near the stove and work surfaces; those for eating should be closer to the sink, refrigerator, and dishwasher.
View The Entire Checklist


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of glass and break down silos across service delivery teams and processes like Service, Incident, Change, Financial, and Human Capital Management. Make data-driven decisions on how to balance your organization's most essential resources (employees, investment, and innovation) as follows:
- Service Cost Reduction: How do I maintain or lower costs while keeping the CSAT scores of my customers high?
- Service Experience: How can I deliver services that will keep employees productive, engaged, and innovative?
- Service Provider Performance: How can I leverage external service providers to deliver innovative services while keeping them accountable?
Resource Planning & Allocation
The Numerify Resource Planning & Allocation solution provides the intelligence needed to be an agile IT organization that continuously adapts to corporate objectives. Make data-driven decisions on how to allocate resources across project and service delivery. Accurately forecast resource needs and effectively make the case for additional resources as follows:
- Use Machine Learning model powered analysis to predict resource shortages or overages and plan allocations to meet project and service demand
- Identify opportunities to augment staff with external provider(s) based on historical performance and the expected value of supplied resources
- Continuously measure resource "work time" to pinpoint bottlenecks, increase operational efficiencies and change velocity
- Bridge the gaps between corporate strategy, project portfolio, and resource allocation; redirect resources to higher-value projects and increase execution velocity
- Better utilize resources through up-to-date head counts and work capacity metrics


text: Continuing logging in the tropics is making the conservation of remaining forests increasingly difficult. Furthermore, there are increasing evidences that recruitment of trees might be endangered through events such as climate change, enhanced seed predation or fragmentation. In this study we assess various impacts of tree harvesting in a Dipterocarp lowland rain forest in Sabah, Malaysia, already threatened by recruitment shortage. The results of the simulations of 56 different scenarios using the process-based forest growth model Formind2.0 were assessed. Formind2.0 is based on the calculations of the carbon balance of individual trees belonging to 13 different plant functional types. Desturbed recruitment leads to shifts in the abundances of species, to species loss, and to forest decline and dieback depending on the level of recruitment shortage. Forests under recruitment shortage lose their stability, additional disturbances like logging cause permanent and severe changes in tree species composition.


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. the stall speed). For RB2 0.1 sec is used as interval. A 10-times lower feedback frequency does have its implications on the control loop: it limits the degree of tuning the errors and adjustments. A trajectory of 2 meters will take a good 6 seconds to finish (0.31 m/s). In this period there will only be less than 60 moments to read the actuator data and implement the calculated adjustments.
For good tuning (I will come to that when describing the control loop) one should at least have a couple of hundred evaluation loops. You can watch the effect in the video at the start of the blog: the corrections on the direction are sometimes a bit abrupt. Having a higher feedback frequency will allow to smooth-en the corrections more. (Another cause is the encoder resolution: the minimum error that can be read is 1 tick. So what you see on the video, is the best I could squeeze out of the situation.)
It is essential that the evaluations are done at a constant frequency. Variations in the intervals are disastrous for the control loop! That's where I was confronted with another hurdle. I started using the Python time.time() function, but found out it created some weird peaks. Even when just running a script with only the interval loop itself. So I switched to the time.clock() function which is bound to the processor time itself and ran the script on a Windows, a Unix and a Linux system. Halas with no better results. Even tried threading.Timer() to generate a timing loop as a separate thread. This worked out fine, but made the script far too complicated (for me). As you can read in the script, I ended up with capping the timer at a maximum and skip the control loops when the timer exceeds the limit. A bit rough and it does have its consequences on accuracy, but it works better than having too much variances in the control loops. Probably one could produce a better timing/event handling in C/C++, but for me that would take me too much time to find out in the light of what the script should do.
So at every 0.1 sec the encoders are read, the differences (errors) on our estimation are calculated and a new estimation is made. In the script the desired velocity of the bot is calculated and set as target. Targets are more often referred to as 'Setpoints'. In the script a Setpoint is the desired speed multiplied by the interval time, giving the amount of ticks to make in the interval. Actually this isn't correct. The desired speed is the speed at the end of the interval. If one wants to work more precise, one should use the equation: Vt = Vo + a.t or at least the average speed: (Vt – Vo) / t to calculate the exact amount of ticks that should be made in the interval. (V stands for Velocity in m/s, a = the acceleration and t = the interval time).
Taking in account all limitations I described already, I kept it simple. As the video shows, one can reach reasonable results anyhow.Having a setpoint established, the bot will run at a certain speed and at the start of a new interval, the setpoint can be evaluated against the encoder data. That's where the controlled part starts.
Step 3: Using a PID
Let's imagine the first setpoint = 2 ticks. So we expect the bot to run at 2 ticks per 0.1 sec. (Like I mentioned: this is a rough calculation, leaving out acceleration during the interval). Then the bot starts to run at stall speed. After 0.1 second the sensors are read and the encoders come up with 1 tick. We' re below target at an error of 1 tick.
error = setpoint – actual ticks
The actual speed has to be increased for we are aiming at a higher speed for the bot to run. The simplest way to correct that is adding the error to the next speed command. In practice this will turn out to be too much or too less to get the bot near the desired speed. Tuning of the correction can be done by multiplying the error with a constant. This way of correcting is called 'proportional'. The tuning constant is called a 'gain'.
P = Kp * error
Tuning the proportional correction thoroughly will reduce the error over time significantly, but will never bring it to zero (for there's always an error needed for a proportional correction). In a lot of cases this way of correcting the error will also result in rapid changes, resulting in a shocking behavior (oscillation) of the bot. To smoothen the reactions an 'Integrated' part is added to the correction by summing up the errors over time. The integrated part also can be tuned by using a gain.
I = Ki * sum of errors * interval
Summing up will finally reduce the error to zero and it works fine as long as there is a portion of the error left. Integrating will also prevent endless increasing of the speed. The correction takes more time and … works longer. So when the error is finally reduced to zero, the integrated part of the correction will keep on working (and become negative) until the sum of all errors is reduced to zero. This is called overshooting.
Often (e.g. when applied on a balancing robot) a third part of the correction is needed to 'mute' the overshoot. This is the 'differential' part. It deals with the volatility of the change by taking the difference between 2 errors over time into account. Also the differential part can be tuned by using a gain.
D = Kd * (error – previous error) / interval
Adding the parts will result in a controlled correction of the speed: P + I + D.
The setpoint, the error and the PID-correction are all set in ticks (per second). For the command to change the motor speed, it is needed to recalculate this into a PWM-percentage. Every time the controlled part is executed, the speed of the motors will be increased until the bot runs at the desired speed.
As mentioned before: this is a simplified control and works without using the acceleration in the equations. Looking at the velocity diagram: this script doesn't realize a decelerating motion. When entering contests you will need to and you probably will have the bot crawling for the last millimeters towards the exact target distance. (Working with RB2 is done in centimeters at the best.)
The full Python coding is provided in the script, so I'll leave it out of this blog. Keeping track of all values and saving them into a csv formatted file, will enable us to analyze the error data and helps tuning the correction by changing the gains (so quit some exercise and a healthy portion of patience). The picture below shows a dashboard used for analysis. Obvious I wasn't there yet. ;-0)
If the tuning is done properly the error graphs will show nice curves, slowly approaching zero.
RB2 is a differential driven robot: it has 2 sets of independent motors. For every side a separate controlled part is used. In theory both sets of motors should be running at the target speed at the same moment in time and the bot should run in a straight line. To tip it off, a third, balancing, PID can be used to correct the remaining differences between left and right.
RB2 produced another challenge: I couldn't tune out the difference between the left and the right speed. I still don't know he reason for that (I switched motors, switched tires, reversed the wiring, tried another motor driver, changed the frame, replaced the battery pack, but couldn't close the gap). So, in my script the balancing PID has the greatest weight in the total correction and the maximum of both encoder readings is used to calculate the distance made (adding another inaccuracy). However I do think this is the way to implement: first tune out the PID's for the motors. When the desired result and behavior is reached, implement the balancing PID.
All what's left for running in squares now, is making turns by exactly 90 degrees. And of course: 'Why should we ever want the bot to run in squares?'
Step 4: Control the Turns
Driving (almost) straight, at a targeted speed and for a certain distance in centimeters is important for having the bot running squared trajectories, but we also need the bot to make turns at 90 degrees. A perfect 90 degree turn is again a target, but not always the reality. Also while turning there will be a lot of possible disturbances (e.g. slipping wheels).
Using the encoders to control the turns enable us to get satisfactory results as close as possible to the target. The way this can be done is pretty straight forward: calculate the distance for the wheels to turn in ticks and have the bot turn until that specific amount of ticks have been reached.
The steering part already provided the amount of ticks per degree (see the start of this blog). When multiplied by the amount of degrees to turn, we get the amount of ticks to produce.
The amount of ticks per degree depends on the full turn perimeter. The value mentioned in the beginning of this blog is based on turning the bot with the wheels on both sides turning counter wise. In this case the center of the full turn perimeter is the center of the bot and the width of the bot corresponds to the diameter of the full turn perimeter.
It is also possible to turn the bot by having the motors run at just one side of the bot. In that case the full width of the bot gives the radius of the full turn perimeter.
The picture below shows the differences between both ways to turn. Depending on the chosen method the steering variable has to be calculated differently.
It's


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When someone commits a tort, the victim has the right to seek legal recourse by filing a lawsuit. New York recognizes various tort causes of action (CoA) under its statutes. While some CoAs are common, others are less known. In this article, we will explore the different tort causes of action recognized in New York and provide examples of notable cases.
What is a Tort Cause of Action?
In New York, a tort is defined as an unlawful act that causes harm to someone's person, property, reputation, or similar interests. For instance, if an individual suffers an injury, they can seek compensation from the responsible party through the help of lawyers and the court system. A famous example is the defamation case of Johnny Depp vs. Amber Heard (Depp v. Heard), in which Depp emerged as the plaintiff.
List of Tort Causes of Action
In today's global market, commercial litigation has seen a significant increase. Here are some of the major types of tort causes of action that can lead to legal claims in New York, including those related to commercial litigation:
- Misappropriation of trade secrets
- Conversion of business property
- Deceptive and unlawful trade practices
- Breach of fiduciary duty
- Trespass to land
- Claims of Unjust Enrichment
Let's delve into each of these tort causes of action and explore their definitions and implications.
Misappropriation of Trade Secrets
New York law recognizes the importance of employers safeguarding their proprietary information from misuse by employees after their employment ends. However, courts carefully review such clauses, upholding them only if they meet specific standards of reasonableness.
Conversion of Business Property
"Conversion" refers to the intentional taking or unlawful use of someone else's property. It includes situations where there is a distinct, identifiable fund that should be treated in a particular manner. The intent to take or exercise control over the property is sufficient, regardless of whether the defendant intended to do so. Examples of conversion include giving someone's property to an unauthorized person or unlawfully combining finances.
Deceptive and Unlawful Trade Practices
Under New York General Business Law, both the state attorney general and private individuals can file claims against unfair and illegal business practices. The law aims to protect consumers from deceptive practices in business, trade, commerce, and the provision of services. Claims made under this legislation often involve false or deceptive advertising targeting consumers.
Breach of Fiduciary Duty
A person has a fiduciary duty to act in the best interests of another person or entity. This duty entails trust and reliance on the fiduciary to use their discretion or knowledge for the other party's benefit. Breach of fiduciary duty occurs when the fiduciary fails to fulfill their obligations, resulting in losses for the other party. Violating the duty of care, loyalty, or truthfulness are examples of breaching fiduciary duty.
Negligence is the most common type of tort claim. It occurs when someone acts carelessly and causes injury to another person. Four elements must be established for a negligence claim to succeed:
- Duty: The person must have a duty of care towards another.
- Breach: The person must breach that duty.
- Causation: The breach must directly cause harm.
- Harm: The harm must result in actual damages.
If any of these elements cannot be demonstrated, the negligence claim is inadequate.
Civil assault refers to the intentional act by a defendant that reasonably causes the plaintiff to fear harmful or offensive contact. Unlike criminal assault, physical contact is not necessary. Intentionally causing harm or fear to another person constitutes assault as an intentional tort.
Battery occurs when the defendant intentionally makes harmful or offensive contact with the plaintiff. Assault and battery often go hand in hand. Battery encompasses the injurious or objectionable contact, and it is the closest term to criminal assault. For battery to be established, the plaintiff must demonstrate that the defendant acted intentionally and caused harm through the contact.
Trespass to Land
Trespass to land refers to intentional intrusion or interference with someone else's property. It is akin to criminal trespass and is considered a malicious injury to property.
Defamation involves intentionally making false statements about someone and communicating them to a third party, thereby damaging their reputation. In New York, the landmark case New York Times Co. v. Sullivan set the standard that public officials must prove "actual malice" to be entitled to damages for defamation. To meet the definition of actual malice, the defendant must have acted with reckless disregard for the truth or with knowledge of the falsehood.
Claims of Unjust Enrichment
Unjust enrichment, unlike other CoAs, is not inherently an intentional tort. In New York, courts have determined that unjust enrichment requires three elements to be demonstrated: the defendant gained an advantage at the plaintiff's expense, equity and morality demand restitution, and the plaintiff sustained losses. Recognizing unjust enrichment does not require intent, but rather the existence of these three elements.
Extortion occurs when someone uses threats or force to obtain money or property from another person, usually under the threat of physical harm, property damage, or public humiliation. The severity of an extortion conviction varies depending on the tactics used. For example, demanding money to conceal an adulterous affair can be considered extortion.
Case Study: Kickertz v. New York University
In the case of Kickertz v. New York University, a former dental college student filed a plenary action against the university and faculty members. The student alleged false and misleading advertising, breach of contractual promises, defamation, and discrimination. The Supreme Court, New York County, dismissed the plenary action and the Article 78 petition. The student appealed the decision.
Case Study: Stuart's LLC v. Edelman
In Stuart's LLC v. Edelman, a former employee was sued for tortiously interfering with their former employer's contractual relationship and engaging in unfair competition. The lower court ruled in favor of the plaintiff, but the New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division, Second Department, amended and decreased the award after finding that only the claims for tortious interference with a contract were proven. The court emphasized the need for additional evidence to support claims of tortious interference with business relations or unfair competition.
Tort causes of action provide a legal avenue for seeking both compensatory and punitive damages. They differ from breach of contract claims as tort claims allow for the recovery of fines and compensation for the victim's losses. Additionally, tort claims often include damages for pain and suffering. Commercial torts are prevalent in New York, reflecting the complexities of today's business landscape.
Cut down your research time like never before with Westlaw Precision™. Request a free trial.


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This Y1 common exception word (CEW) pack allows pupils to practise reading and spelling a selection of the 45 tricky words for this cohort.
Each worksheet includes two words for pupils to read, spell and understand, with an opportunity to develop letter formation using handwriting line guides.
There are four PDF worksheets, plus an answer sheet, in this pack, covering the following common exception words:
- by, my
- one, once
- there, where
What are common exception words?
Common exception words are words which don't follow the common rules of spelling, or which use letter combinations to represent sounds in an uncommon way.
Year 1 common exception words
National Curriculum English programme of study links
read common exception words, noting unusual correspondences between spelling and sound and where these occur in the word
spell common exception words
write from memory simple sentences dictated by the teacher that include words using the GPCs and common exception words taught so far


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In 1881, David Gestetner invented the first stencil copier. It was the earliest form of mechanically duplicating a printed image. It was based on the principle of punching small holes through a thin woven paper so ink could pass through to form an image.
A later version contained a small rotating stylus which Gestetner called a 'cyclostyle'. The needle drew onto delicate wax paper without breaking the surface. A hinged printing frame was then inked by hand for each copy that was required.
Factory in Tottenham
As Gestetner's invention became a success, his business grew. A factory was established in Tottenham which employed 6000 people. The factory remained open until the 1970s when it relocated to Wellingborough in Northamptonshire. Gestetner is now a hugely successful international corporation, supplying office equipment and services throughout the world.
Museum number L149


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The objective of the current study was to examine the influence of vegetable fats on the metabolism of testosterone in liver, testis and prostate tissue in rats.
The fact that prostate cancer doesn't develop in men castrated before puberty or in men who have low levels of 5-a reductase suggested to Awad's group that suppressing the action of the enzyme might be useful in preventing prostate cancer in high-risk groups. The enzyme aromatase converts testosterone to estrogen, also considered a possible risk factor for prostate cancer.
To determine if high levels of phytosterols could inhibit these enzymes, the researchers fed one group of rats a standard, or basal, diet. A second group, designated the control group, ate the standard diet plus cholic acid, which stimulates the absorption of vegetable fats. A third group ate a standard diet enhanced with a mixture of phytosterols, plus cholic acid. The trial lasted 22 days.
Results showed that rats fed the phytosterol diet had between 33 and 48 percent less testosterone than the animals that received no additional phytosterols. There was no difference in serum testosterone levels between the basal and control groups.
The enhanced diet reduced the activity of 5-a reductase by 44 percent in the liver and by 33 percent in the prostate, but did not affect the enzyme's activity in the testis, results showed. Phytosterols reduced the activity of aromatase by 57 percent in the prostate, but had no effect in the liver or testis.
Awad said his research team continues to examine exactly how phytosterols bring about these changes, but he believes one pathway involves the "fluidity" of membranes that harbor the enzymes. "Every enzyme requires a specific fluidity in the membrane in which it resides in order to be activated," he said. "If the membrane is too fluid, the enzymes may not function properly."


text:
When we sweep
this segment r
units along the y
axis, we introduce additional vertices which have y
values of r
. We now have four
(0,0), (0, r
so it goes. With each "sweep" operation, we add a new "0"
coordinate to each existing vertex and
we add new vertices which have
the same old
coordinate values as the old vertices, but
" for the new coordinate value instead
of 0. For the cube, we thus obtain the set:
If we do this again, the vertices of the 4
In general, we see (and we can prove by induction) that every possible combination of "r" and "0" is a vertex.
There are two possible values for each coordinate, and n
coordinates, so the number of vertices must be 2n
, which matches the value we already determined, above.
The Set Enclosed Within an n-Cube
Each time we "sweep" along an axis as we construct the cube, we start at 0 and move r
units. Thus, the length spanned by the cube on each axis is r
units, and it includes all points in that region.
Since we sweep along each
axis, all the points along each axis which fall between 0 and r
must be included in the cube.
So, the set of points inside the cube must be all those points for which all coordinates are less than or equal to r
. (This, by the way, shows that the faces must be where one or more coordinates take on the values r
, and from that, we can in turn deduce that the coordinates of the vertices must all be 0 or r
, as we already pointed out in the last section.)
Formally, we can say:
Or, if we wish to include the "skin", we could say the volume occupied by the cube is the set:
Page first posted on 11/04/2007


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As sophisticated as the human eye is, it does not compare to what the latest scientific achievement has to offer in enhancing what can be visually perceived.
Funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR), the development of a new circular polarization filter by a collaborative team of scientists at the Colorado School of Mines (CSM) and ITN Energy Systems has the potential to aid in early cancer detection, enhance vision through dust and clouds and to even improve a moviegoer's 3D experience.
Polarization is the process wherein rays of light exhibit different properties in different directions, but especially the state in which all the vibration or frequency of the light takes place in one visual plane.
When measuring the different properties of light, the human eye can, of course, see in color but it cannot differentiate between the inherently different polarizations of light emanating from an object. This new filter allows users to measure the polarization state of light quickly and efficiently. As Colorado School of Mines Professor Dr. David Flammer notes, "A wealth of knowledge is contained in the polarization information of light and accurately measuring this state of light has a number of interesting applications."
What makes getting that wealth of information relatively effortless is what this new filter is all about according to ITN researcher Dr. Russell Hollingsworth: "This is by far the easiest circular micropolarizer to fabricate, which lets us measure all of the properties of light using a simple camera."
To better understand this new technique, consider the modern digital camera. Color digital cameras are made possible because of the development of micro-color filters that are put directly on the charge-coupled device chip within the camera, where each "pixel" is actually 3 or 4 independent pixels that detect a different discreet color. The same concept is employed for this new approach to polarization--also using a simple digital camera—but there is also an added benefit. Not only does this new filter distinguish colors, it also measures both linear and circular polarized light.
Photographers are familiar with polarization filters you attach in front of your camera lens to decrease glare. But being able to make micropolarizers right on top of the detector array would result in a "polarization camera" that collects information in the same way color digital cameras do.
While linear polarizer filters are easy to make, circular polarizers, up to this point, have been very difficult to fabricate, but this problem may have been solved. The CSM/ITN research team developed a micro-structure that accurately measures circularly polarized light, the key to making a true polarization camera. On top of that, the new structure can be made to filter for both color and polarization, allowing for a combination color/polarization camera that measures everything about the light.
It is those specific light measurements that provide the unique benefits of this new technology. By measuring the polarization state of a light source, you arrive at a number of interesting applications. One significant capability would be to enhance one's vision through dust/clouds. When light passes through dust or clouds, it typically is polarized in a certain way. A polarization camera can significantly improve the ability to "see through" these obscurants and more accurately determine one's target, thus both improving target tracking and reducing targeting errors.
Another important application is biological detection which exploits the concept of chirality, wherein an object does not look the same if you rotate it 180 degrees. With the ability to exploit the circular polarization of certain biological materials, such as DNA, the helix structure can be exploited via its chirality characteristics, to readily image and identify its properties—friend or foe?
Polarized light can also aid in biological detection, identifying tissue anomalies such as cervical cancer. Polarized light, which focuses its energy in one direction, can enable physicians to better see beneath the surface of the cervix for signs of trouble.
This effort by the CSM and ITN research team offers significant promise in a variety of fields: health care, entertainment, homeland security and national defense—a basic research success story on many levels.
AFOSR continues to expand the horizon of scientific knowledge through its leadership and management of the Air Force's basic research program. As a vital component of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), AFOSR's mission is to discover, shape, and champion basic science that profoundly impacts the future Air Force.
To stay up-to-date on the latest AFOSR happenings, please join us on Facebook at _URL_ or follow us on Twitter at _URL_
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


text:
Effect of District Meter Areas on Water Quality
ISBN: 1 84057 205 1
From the modelling work, case study and discussions with the industry, it is concluded that the net long term effect of creating DMAs does not appear to be detrimental to water quality on a day to day basis. The short term effect of creating DMAs depends on the extent with which the network has a potential to cause water quality problems, eg does it contain deposits and/ or corroding mains. Where these exist it is highly likely that work to install new valves and the set up of the DMA will cause short term discoloured water for some customers.
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text:
I refuse to believe that rainbows are the result of light refracting through air-borne water droplets.
Is this the thread where be refuse to believe facts just because?
Somebody Else's Problem wrote:
Well no, I'm not a geneticist. And I don't think there'll be adequate DNA evidence from 40,000 years ago to make such a comparison in the first place.
See: Neanderthal Genome Project
Alvin Flummux wrote:
Harry Bizzle wrote:
I've read that lactose tolerance developed within the last 10,000 years or so.
Interesting, I'd like to know more about this.
Unsurprising, considering the Neolithic Revolution occurred around 10,000 years ago. Up until that point, lactase production stopped once individuals surpassed the weaning age and were no longer drinking milk. Domestication of cattle, goats and camels allowed neolithic humans to continue to drink milk without having to suck on their mothers teats their entire lives. So lactase (the enzyme that breaks lactose into glucose and galactose) production continued into adulthood. Lactose intolerance by population of people correlates with the access to domesticated mammals that neolithic humans living in that area had.


Brian Bi
What is the pressure needed to contain a 1 molar electron gas at room temperature?
I'm not sure how to work out the thermodynamics, but I can do the calculation at low temperatures (i.e. where the system will be found very close to its ground state).
For ease of calculation, we will take the container to be spherical. Say the container has volume \(V\) and there are \(N\) electrons inside.
From basic electrostatics we know that the ground state of this system will have all the electrons at the surface. A straightforward calculation gives the surface area of the container as \(A = 4\pi\left(\frac{3V}{4\pi}\right)^{2/3}\). So we get a surface charge density of \[\sigma = Ne/A = \frac{Ne}{4\pi} \left(\frac{3V}{4\pi}\right)^{-2/3}.\]
A surface with net charge density feels an electrostatic pressure of \(\frac{\epsilon_0}{2}E^2\) where \(E\) is the magnitude of the electric field just outside the surface. By Gauss's law and the vanishing of the electric field in the container's interior this is \[P = \frac{\epsilon_0}{2}E^2 = \frac{\epsilon_0}{2}(\sigma/\epsilon_0)^2 = \frac{\sigma^2}{2\epsilon_0}\]
Putting it all together \[P = \frac{N^2 e^2}{32\pi^2\epsilon_0} \left(\frac{3V}{4\pi}\right)^{-4/3}\] Putting \(N = 6.022 \times 10^{23}\) and \(V\) = 1 dm3 we obtain the result
\(P \sim 2.25 \times 10^{23}\) pascals
This is about 10 million times greater than the pressure at the core of the sun.
A curious feature is that the pressure is not related to the particle density \(N/V\) in any straightforward way. This is because the electrostatic repulsion between electrons is a long-ranged force and the expressions for the virial coefficients diverge.


Diagnostics Guide
Content starts here
Running Diagnostic Commands
Use diagnostic commands to communicate with a running Oracle JRockit JVM process. These commands tell the JRockit JVM to for example print a heap report or a garbage collection activity report, or to turn on or off a specific verbose module. This chapter describes how to run diagnostic commands and lists the available commands. The following sections are included:
Diagnostic Commands Overview
Diagnostic commands help you communicate with a running JRockit JVM process. With these commands you can for example ask for a heap report or enable or disable a verbose module.
You can send diagnostic commands to a running JVM process in several ways:
You can enable or disable any diagnostic command using the system property -Djrockit.ctrlbreak.enable=, where name is the name of the diagnostic command. The following two handlers are disallowed by default and need to be turned on:
For example:
Using jrcmd
jrcmd is a command line tool included with the JRockit JDK you can use to send diagnostic commands to a running JVM process. This section provides a brief overview of jrcmd. It includes information on the following subjects:
How jrcmd Communicates with the JRockit JVM
jrcmd uses the JRIPC library, a small C library, to communicate with a running JRockit JVM process. JRIPC has the following basic functionality
How to Use jrcmd
To use jrcmd, simply enter it at the command line, with the appropriate parameters:
jrcmd [ []] [-l] [-f file] [-p] -h]
If the PID is 0, commands will be sent to all JRockit JVM processes. If no options are given, default is -p.
jrcmd Examples
Here are some examples of using jrcmd for:
Listing JRockit JVM Processes
Do the following to list all JRockit JVM processes running on the machine:
 1. Run jrcmd or jrcmd -p to list the running JRockit JVMs; for example:
 2. > jrcmd -P
 10064 Sleeper
 -Xverbose:memory -Xmx30m
 You will see the PID of the process (10064) and the program it is currently running (Sleeper) as well as the parameters used to start the JVM (-Xverbose:memory -Xmx30m).
Sending a Command to a Process
To send a command to the process you identified in Listing JRockit JVM Processes, do the following:
 1. Find the PID from Listing JRockit JVM Processes (10064)
 2. Enter jrcmd with that PID and the version command; for example:
 3. > jrcmd 10064 version
 This command sends the version command to the JRockit JVM. The response will be:
 Oracle WebLogic JRockit(R) Virtual Machine build 9.9.9-1.5.0-Jun 9 2004-13:52:53-, Native Threads, GC strategy: parallel
Sending Several Commands
You can create a file (just like the ctrlhandler.act file) with several commands and execute all of them. Use this procedure:
 1. Create a file called commands.txt with the following contents:
 - version
 - timestamp
 2. Execute the file with jrcmd; for example:
 3. > jrcmd 10064 -f commands.txt
 The system will respond:
 ==== Timestamp ==== uptime: 0 days, 00:05:04 time: Fri Jun 11 14:28:31 2004
 4. Use the PID 0 to send the commands to all running JRockit JVM processes.
Known Limitations of jrcmd
When using jrcmd, be aware of these limitations:
Ctrl-Break Handler
Another way you can run diagnostic commands is by pressing Ctrl-Break. When you press Ctrl-Break, the JRockit JVM will search for a file named ctrlhandler.act (see Listing 21-1) in your current working directory. If it doesn't find the file there, it will look in the directory containing the JVM. If it does not find this file there either, it will revert to displaying the normal thread dump. If it finds the file, it will read the file searching for command entries, each of which invoke the corresponding diagnostic command.
Listing 21-1 ctrlhandler.act File
set_filename filename=c:\output.txt append=true
print_object_summary increaseonly=true
print_threads nativestack=true
jrarecording filename=c:\myjra.xml time=120 nativesamples=true
verbosity set=memory,memdbg,codegen,opt,sampling filename="c:\output"
# ctrl-break-handler will stop reading the file after it finds
# the stop key-word
# version - print JRockit version
# print_threads - the normal thread dump that lists all the currently
# running threads and there state
# print_class_summary - prints a tree of the currently loaded classes
# print_utf8pool - print the internal utf8 pool
# print_object_summary - display info about how many objects of each
# type that are live currently and how much size
# they use. Also displays points to information
# jvmpi_datadump
# jvmpi_datareset
# jrarecording - starts a jrarecording
# verbosity - changes the verbosity level, not functional in ariane142_04
# start_management_server - starts a management server
# kill_management_server - shuts the management server down
# (the managementserver.jar has to be in the bootclasspath for
# these command to work)
In the ctrlhandler.act file, each command entry starts with a Ctrl-Break Handler name followed by the arguments to be passed to the Ctrl-Break Handler. The arguments should be on the property form (that is, name=value; for example, set_filename filename=c:\output.txt append=true). String, integer or boolean values are acceptable property types.
You can disable Ctrl-Break functionality by setting this command:
Available Diagnostic Commands
Table 21-1 lists the currently available diagnostic commands.
Table 21-1 Existing Ctrl-Break Handlers
set_filename filename= [append=true]
Set the file which all commands following this command will use for printing. You can have several set_filename commands in a file. It takes two arguments: filename and an optional append to specify if you want to append to the file or overwrite it. The default file is stderr, and to overwrite the file.
Prints a timestamp.
Prints the JRockit JVM version
print_threads [nativestack=true] [jvmmonitors=true]
Prints a normal thread dump.
 - nativestack=true will print C-level stacktraces as well as Java traces.
 - jvmmonitors=true will also print the JRockit JVM's internal native locks (those that are registered): status and wait queue, and with -XXnativeLockProfiling=true their profile stats (acquired/contended/tryfailed).
verbosity [args=] [filename=]
Change the verbosity level normally specified with -Xverbose. This handler does not work in R25.
Prints the command line used to start the JRockit JVM.
See the JRockit Memory Leak Detector User Guide (for JRockit Mission Control 1.0) or the Memory Leak Detector built-in help (for Oracle JRockit Mission Control 2.0 and later).
Print all loaded classes.
Print all UTF8 strings.
Print all memory the OS says the JRockit JVM process is holding onto, as well as what each subsystem thinks it is holding onto.
Note: This command applies only to versions of JRockit JVM R26.3 and earlier.
Cause an OutOfMemoryDiagnostics to be printed. If both set_filename and -Djrockit.oomdiagnostics.filename is set, the latter takes precedence.
This command is deprecated in the JRockit JVM R26.4. Use heap_diagnostics instead.
Cause a heap diagnostic to be printed. Output ends up on Ctrl-Break Handler output stream and does not take the property -Djrockit.oomdiagnostics.filename into consideration. This command applies only to versions of JRockit JVM R26.4 and later.
Prints out a report on the JVM's native memory allocation on the C-Heap. This is only supported if you are running with HEAP_TRACE defined.
Prints out a comprehensive summary of garbage collection activity so far during the run. In order to be able to dynamically print out the same information as -XgcReport would provide at the end of an application run, make sure to have the option flag -XgcReport in your start-up configuration, otherwise the correct measurements won't be performed.
jrarecording [filename=] [time=] [nativesamples=true]
Starts a JRA recording. For more information, please refer to Creating a JRA Recording with JRockit Mission Control 1.0
run_optfile [filename=]
Starts the management server. (Actually the listening socket that in turn starts servers whenever a connection is established). managementnserver.jar has to be in the boot classpath for this command to work.
Stops the management server. (Actually shuts down the listening socket.) The only reason it isn't named stop_management_server is that stop is a reserved keyword that stops parsing of the act file


text:
Panhandle aquifer mapped for uranium
LINCOLN—It fuels both bombs and power plants, but uranium probably doesn't come to mind to many people when they think about Nebraska.
Still, it's here and a University of Nebraska-Lincoln researcher is mapping the aquifers and rock formations that may contain it.
Most of the world's uranium is mined in Canada, Australia, Kazakhstan, Russia and elsewhere, yet Nebraska has one of the few working commercial mines in the U.S. where uranium to fuel power plants is mined.
The Crow Butte mine, near Crawford in the Panhandle, has produced about 16 million pounds of uranium extracted from local water bearing geologic formations since 1991.
The uranium it mines is present as a solid mineral, which then is dissolved with oxygen and pumped out.
South of that mine, University of Nebraska-Lincoln Conservation and Survey Division hydrogeologist Steven Sibray is mapping the shallow High Plains (or Ogallala) Aquifer. The data he and his research partners have collected "indicates we are also seeing the deeper water bearing formation at the base of White River Group in the southern Panhandle.
"Our research suggests that commercial uranium mining companies could use this technology to locate uranium-bearing sandstones within the deeper formation," Sibray said. He added that finding the uranium-bearing sandstones is just the first of several high-risk and costly steps needed to find mineable quantities of the mineral.
"Recent advances in the application of airborne electromagnetic surveys to our ongoing groundwater management programs can also be utilized to map water-bearing formations that host uranium deposits," said Sibray, of UNL's School of Natural Resources.
This AEM data, collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and UNL's Conservation and Survey Division, is part of a project to define the hydrogeologic framework of the High Plains Aquifer, Sibray explained.
"With additional interpretation of these data sets, the deeper confined aquifer of the White River Group can be identified that may contain mineable quantities of uranium," he said.
Evidence of the potential for uranium mineralization as far south as Cheyenne County, about 90 miles from the Crow Butte mine, is found in radioactive anomalies shown on borehole geophysical logs from oil and gas tests drilled in the area. This information has been a factor in recent decisions by several mining companies to lease land in the southern Panhandle to explore for uranium.
The airborne AEM technology, which relies on identifying water-bearing formations by their electrical resistance compared to surrounding materials, has helped confirm the presence of potential uranium-bearing formations in several areas that were previously mapped from more traditional oil and gas borehole tests.
"The airborne geophysics may be sexy, but you need the borehole data first," Sibray said. "That gives us the 'dots' for subsurface mapping while the airborne AEM allows us to connect those dots."
"We use the boreholes to measure the same rock properties as AEM—how rocks conduct electricity. It's relatively old technology that was developed for the oil and gas industries, but it works.
"During World War II, engineers developed an electromagnetic tool for locating landmines, which ultimately led to airborne electromagnetic tools after the war that were used by the mining industry to locate metallic mineral deposits," Sibray explained.
"It took a little longer, but the oil industry was able to use electromagnetic tools in boreholes in the late 1940s early 1950s. It measures the same rock properties as my tools but uses a different method.
"Recently, the airborne methods have been refined and we can now map aquifers using them," he said.
The newer AEM methods can also "see" and measure deeper into aquifers than was previously possible and are able to map with good results to as much as 500 meters below the earth's surface.
"Deeper mapping AEM systems would allow mapping of the larger channel deposits of sands and gravels within the White River Group that were formed by rivers approximately 35 to 37 million years ago," Sibray said, noting that the formation exists over most of the Nebraska Panhandle.
Sibray is conducting this research in cooperation with Bruce Smith, Jared Abraham and James Cannia, of the U.S. Geological Survey. He is a geoscientist and hydrogeologist at UNL's Panhandle Research and Extension Center in Scottsbluff, where for nearly 25 years he has specialized in developing and using reliable, efficient groundwater monitoring systems that help conservationists, land users and researchers.
- Consultant retained for Lake Helen City engineer finalizing design
- Surveys reveal BBQ challenge successful
- Tears, laughter, dancing highlight GHS graduation
- 'Circle of Friends' said to be successful
- Tiani Reeves leads a group of five Swede state qualifiers
- Swedes place 8th at Cozad Invitational
- Golfers improve on West Wind course
- Legion baseball season begins May 23


text:
An interactive video installation (something like a Dance Karaoke) that encloses the present, the future and the past, made together with Trade Project. The video installation was shown at Lunds Konsthall in their exhibition Dance is Present.
Similar to the classic children's game, where a sentence travels from one person to another and with time transforms into something new, we ask our participants to physically respond, confirm and interpret each others contributions.
Trade worked out the concept, I programmed the video recorder and uploading mechanism in OpenFrameworks and Python. Watch the whole thing at the Chinese Whispers website.


It has become common to find a convenience store that also sells gas. These data describe the sales over time at a franchise outlet of a major U.S. oil company. Each row summarizes sales for one day. This particular station sells gas, and it also has a convenience store and a car wash. The column labeled Sales gives the dollar sales of the convenience store, and the column Volume gives the number of gallons of gas sold. Formulate the regression model with dollar sales as the response and number of gallons sold as the predictor. When checking the conditions for using the SRM, remember that these data are sequential.
(a) Give a confidence interval for the difference in average sales in the convenience store between days on which the station sells 2,000 gallons of gas and those on which the station sells 3,000 gallons.
(b) Is $1,800 an unusually low level of sales in the convenience store on a day that the pumps record having sold 3,000 gallons?
 - CreatedJuly 14, 2015
 - Files Included
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text:
Backing up the OfficeScan Database
- Go to Administration > Settings > Database Backup.
- Type the location where you want to save the database. If the folder does not exist yet, select
Create the folder if not already present. Include the
drive and full directory path, such as
By default, OfficeScan saves the backup in the following directory: \DBBackupNote:
OfficeScan creates a subfolder under the backup path. The folder name indicates the time of the backup and is in the following format: YYYYMMDD_HHMMSS. OfficeScan preserves the 7 most recent backup folders, automatically deleting older folder(s).
- If the backup path is on a remote computer (using a UNC path), type an appropriate account name and the corresponding password. Ensure that the account has write privileges on the computer.
- To configure a backup schedule:
- Select Enable scheduled database backup.
- Specify the backup frequency and time.
- To back up the database and save the changes you made, click Backup Now. To save only without backing up the database, click Save.


Place:Franken, Bayern, Germany
TypeHistorical region
Coordinates50°N 90°E
Located inBayern, Germany
the text in this section is copied from an article in Wikipedia
The term of Franconia is today commonly used to refer to the eastern part of the historic Duchy of Franconia in Germany, mainly represented by the Bavarian administrative districts of Lower Franconia (Unterfranken, capital city Würzburg), Middle Franconia (Mittelfranken, capital city Ansbach), and Upper Franconia (Oberfranken, capital city Bayreuth). Due to the respective local East Franconian German dialects, the adjacent northeastern parts of the Heilbronn-Franken region in Baden-Württemberg, parts of Thuringia south of the Rennsteig ridge, and a small part of Hesse (Gersfeld) are also considered as Franconian regions.
The two largest cities of Franconia are Nuremberg and Würzburg. Though located on the southeastern periphery, the Nuremberg metropolitan area is often identified as the economic and cultural centre of Franconia.
source: Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names
source: Family History Library Catalog
Franken is a historical region.
Research Tips


Sodium and Potassium Balance and Their Relation to Nutrient Intakes in Young Adult Men and Women
 - Kim, Eun-Young (Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University) ;
 - Choi, Mi-Kyeong (Department of Food and Nutrition, Kongju National University)
 - Published : 2010.03.31
This study was conducted to investigate sodium and potassium balances, as well as correlations among the relating factors in adult males and females. We collected blood, urine and feces samples as well as a dietary intake survey from 50 subjects. Then, we analyzed the sodium and potassium contents in blood, urine and feces, and evaluated their state of balance. The average ages of the study targets were 24.7 years old for males and 22.8 years old for females. The daily energy intake by the males was 1733.4 kcal and by the females was 1570.3 kcal. Sodium intakes were 138.3 mEq and 127.5 mEq for males and females, respectively. Potassium intakes were 43.1 mEq and 49.3 mEq, respectively. The daily excretions of sodium through urine were 136.6 mEq by males and 97.0 mEq by females and the excretions through feces were 2.2 mEq and 2.0 mEq, respectively. The daily excretions of potassium through urine were 20.2 mEq and 16.5 mEq by males and females respectively, and the excretions through feces were 7.7 mEq and 7.5 mEq male to female. The retention rates of sodium were 11.7% and 14.1% male to female, respectively, and the apparent absorption rates were 98.5% and 97.8%. Additionally, the retention rates of potassium were 32.9% and 39.8% and the apparent absorptions were 81.9% and 81.3%, both male and female. It was noted that, overall, the sodium intake of adult males and females is still higher than the recommended daily sodium intake, while the potassium intakes and excretions were found to be lower. Based on the results of this study, nutritional guidance and education is recommended to encourage decreased sodium intake and increased potassium intake, according to recommended standards.
 1. Lee YS, Choi MK, Sung CJ, Lee YK. 2002. Effects of sodium intakes on blood pressure and blood parameters in Korean normal adult women. Korean J Nutr 35: 754-762.
 2. The Korean Nutrition Society. 2005. Dietary reference intake for Koreans. Kukjingihoek, Seoul, Korea
 3. Holbrook JT, Patterson KY, Bodner JE, Douglas LW, Veillon C, Kelsay JL, Mertz W, Smith JC Jr. 1984. Sodium and potassium intake and balance in adults consuming self-selected diets. Am J Clin Nutr 40: 786-793.
 4. Cirillo M, Lombardi C, Laurenzi M, De Santo NG. 2002. Relation of urinary urea to blood pressure: interaction with urinary sodium. J Hum Hypertens 16: 205-212.
 5. Takeda Y, Yoneda T, Demura M, Furukawa K, Miyamori I, Mabuchi H. 2001. Effects of high sodium intake on cardiovascular aldosterone synthesis in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Hypertens 19: 635-639.
 6. Ledingham JM. 1991. Sodium retention and volume expansion as mechanisms. Am J Hypertens 4: 534S-540S.
 7. Choi YS, Kim YO, Suh I. 1995. Association of blood pressure with sodium and potassium intake for adolescents. J Korean Soc Food Nutr 24: 493-501.
 8. Whelton PK, He J, Cutler JA, Brancati FL, Appel LJ, Follmann D, Klag MJ. 1997. Effects of oral potassium on blood pressure. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. JAMA 277: _PHONE_.
 9. Allsopp AL, Sutherland R, Wood P, Wooton SA. 1998. The effect of sodium balance on sweat sodium and plasma aldosterone concentration. Eur J Appl Physiol 78: 516-521.
 10. Lee YK, Sung CJ, Choi MK. 1999. A study on sodium and potassium balance of college women in Seoul. Korean J Community Nutr 4: 375-381.
 11. Yim JE, Cho MR, Yin CS, Seo BK, Koh HK, Choue RW. 2005. Nutrients and salt consumption of hypertension patients according to treatment status. Korean J Nutr 38: 706-716.
 12. Park JA, Yoon JS. 2001. The effect of habitual calcium and sodium intakes on blood pressure regulating hormone in free-living hypertensive women. Korean J Nutr 34: 409-416.
 13. Park EY, Park YJ, Kim KW. 2000. A study of sodium consumption and related psychosocial factors among hypertensive and normal adults. Korean J Nutr 33: 833-839.
 14. Ahn SH, Son SM, Park JK. 2009. Health and nutritional factors related to hypertension of subjects aged over 50 in high income class－Based on the 2005 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Korean Diet Assoc 15: 311-327.
 15. KHIDI. 2008. The third Korea national health and nutrition examination survey (KNHANES IV). 2007-Nutrition Survey. Ministry of Health & Welfare, Seoul.
 16. Kim YS, Paik HY. 1987. Measurement of Na intake in Korean adult females. Korean J Nutr 20: 341-349.
 17. Sung CJ, Choi MK, Jo JH, Lee JY. 1993. Relationship among dietary intake, blood level, and urinary excretion of minerals and blood pressure in Korean rural adult men and women. Korean J Nutr 26: 89-97.
 18. Park TS, Lee KY. 1985. A study on the sodium and potassium intakes and their metabolism of university students in Korea. Korean J Nutr 18: 201-208.
 19. Smith SR, Klotman PE, Svetkey LP. 1992. Potassium chloride lowers blood pressure and causes natriuresis in older patients with hypertension. J Am Soc Nephrol 2: _PHONE_.
 20. Bland JH. 1966. Introductory remarks: some usual, unusual properties of liquids in general and water in particular. Fed Proc 25: 951-953.
 21. Kim GJ. 1974. Studies on the correlation between sodium chloride metabolism and blood pressure of Koreans. Korean J Physiol 8: 19-31.
 22. Kim KS, Paik HY. 1992. Comparative study on optimum gustation of salt and sodium intake in young and middle-aged Korean women. Korean J Nutr 25: 32-41.
 23. Dahl LK. 1958. Salt intake and salt need. N Engl J Med 258: _PHONE_.
 24. Park SJ, Paik HY, Lee SY. 2007. The influence of mixed NaCl-KCl salt on sodium intake and urinary excretion of sodium and potassium. Korean J Nutr 40: 500-508.


Madi Sundlof
Madi Sundlof
Name: Madison Sundlof
Year at CSB/SJU: Senior
Major: Environmental Studies
Minor: Biology
Internships: Green Team Intern, Kraus-Anderson Construction Co. and USGBC (U.S. Green Building Council)
My mom works for the insurance division of Kraus-Anderson and suggested I meet with someone to investigate the possibility of a sustainability internship. KA interns are typically engineers, project managers, and accountantsthey had never had a sustainability intern before. After contacting them, they agreed to meet to discuss the possibility. During the interview process I presented a few ideas for summer projects and how they could benefit the company as a whole. They were intrigued by the possibilities and created a new intern position.
What were some of the internship highlights?
During my time working with Kraus-Anderson, I started a composting program at two locations and saved the company thousands of dollars with simple behavioral changes. I was able to rewrite their sustainability plan, input energy data into Energy Star, conduct educational programs about GMOs, work on a LEED certified building and eliminate Styrofoam in the office. While at the USGBC, I had the opportunity to help host sustainable events including a local brewery tour, a Target Field Twins sustainability tour, and a local food discussion.
Unlike many other internships, my role was not structured, so it was important that I took initiative. As the first sustainability intern I needed to create my own role. A typical day would include meetings with staff, educational program planning, contacting the city and waste management for procedures, answering sustainability questions, entering data, editing USGBC videos and researching and assessing LEED buildings.
What were some of the challenges of your internship?
I learned about LEED buildings and sustainable action being taken in the construction field. This allowed me to get a better grasp on where we have been and where we are going. I also learned a lot about the structure of a workplace and how to get employees inspired. I figured out how to host events, start a composting program and network. I gave a few presentations and my public speaking improved greatly over the course of the summer.
What advice would you give other students interested in internships?
Keep an open mind. Every field is relevant to sustainability, so maybe try something you do not know much about, but can grow in. Also, start a LinkedIn profile. Networking is a crucial aspect of business and going out of your way to thank people and make positive connections will take you farther than you would expect. Lastly, have fun! The working world is hard, so enjoy a time where you can make mistakes, learn from your coworkers, and become more prepared for your future career.
Fall 2015


Branch, generative video art by Lincoln Schatz, installed at ARCO Madrid
Branch, ARCO Madrid 2006
View II
Lincoln Schatz debuted Branch, an interactive generative video artwork, at ARCO Madrid in 2006. This work brought live generative video strategies together with heavy video processing. Custom software, designed by Schatz, uses complex programming, driven by chance and algorithms, to determine every aspect of the artwork.
Layering a multitude of heavily manipulated videos that take the audience that stands before the work and alters them into new figures and forms. Bodies are mixed. Facial features removed and added, suddenly a recognizable figure dissolves into an amorphous shape. Branch pushes us to consider how we perceive the world around us. What happens when we flatten time and the past and present become one? At ARCO Madrid, the crowds that push around the screen, camera and computer that makeup the artwork at a high intensity.
Over the course of the art fair, the computer would record tens of thousands of files. Each day, using a series of chance operations, to determine which files would be saved. Another way to phrase this would be, "what memories do we retain?" Because of this, Branch tells a story to viewers that becomes more complex as the artwork ages and time becomes more compressed.
In such an active visual environment, Branch will record Read more about the debut here. View Slice, a generative video work by Schatz created in the same period of time, here


text: A graphical description of the change in the role played by each of the scapulohumeral muscles with respect to spatial joint position is presented. Moment arms were collected from a biomechanical model using the tendon travel method. Data cover elevation and flexion in a space between the frontal plane and a plane of elevation 60 degrees anterior to this. Segments of a given muscle were seen possibly to exhibit antagonistic moment components in relation to others, emphasizing the importance of muscle segmentation in biomechanical models. Graphical description of muscle function in conjunction with electromyographic studies enables a more complete assessment of active muscle function in relation to arm motion and position. In cases of attenuated muscular function, this also offers a means of detecting which muscle is involved and which other muscles possess compensating potential. Two examples illustrate the use of this data, particularly to clarify clinical issues.


Distinguish between. Organizing and Co-ordinating
Distinguish between.
Organizing and Co-ordinating
1. Meaning
Coordination is the orderly arrangement of group efforts to provide unity of action in the pursuit of a common goal.
2. Objective
To identify and bring together all the required resources.
To ensure the harmony of efforts of the employees for the smooth functioning of the organization.
3. Area of function
It includes identification and grouping of activities, assigning the work, and establishing the authority relationship.
It includes integration of efforts of top-level, middle level, and lower level.
4. Factors
Internal and external factors are considered in the arrangement of resources.
It is the harmonization of human resources.
5. Order
It is based on planning.
It is an important element of organizing which follows planning.
6. Resources
All available resources i.e. men, money, material, machine, and method are arranged in a systematic manner.
It is related to human resources.
7. Nature
It takes place till the time all the resources are collected and arranged.
This is a continuous process related to all managerial levels.
8. level of Management
Top and middle-level management related with organizing the required resources.
It is related to all the levels of management to achieve the goal of the organization.