December 19, 2019
Select Committee Unanimously Approves Third Round of Recommendations
Washington, D.C. – Today the Select Committee on the Modernization of Congress ("Select Committee") passed its third round of bipartisan recommendations aimed to make Congress work better for the American people. The recommendations were crafted to boost civility and bipartisanship in the House, save taxpayer dollars and increase the quality of constituent communication. The recommendations, 16 in total, passed unanimously.
"Since this committee was created, our mission has been to craft bipartisan solutions to make Congress work better for the people we serve. After today, we have a total of 45 bipartisan ideas that would improve the functions of the House, help Members better communicate with their constituents, encourage civility and bipartisanship throughout the House, and save taxpayer dollars, among other critical improvements that could be made to the People's House," said Chair Derek Kilmer (D-WA) and Vice Chair Tom Graves (R-GA). "We are grateful for the continued support this committee has received throughout the year and are ready to hit the ground running in 2020 to turn our recommendations into results."
The approved recommendations can be seen below:
Encouraging Civility and Bipartisanship in Congress
 1. Create a bipartisan Members-only space in the Capitol to encourage more collaboration across party lines.
 2. Institute biennial bipartisan retreats for Members and their families at the start of each Congress.
 3. Update committee policies to increase bipartisan learning opportunities for staff.
 4. Establish bipartisan committee staff briefings and agenda-setting retreats to encourage better policy making and collaboration among Members.
Streamlining Processes and Saving Taxpayer Dollars
 1. Update House procedures to allow members to electronically add or remove their name as a bill cosponsor.
 2. Require Members to undergo emergency preparedness training to ensure our government is fully prepared in the event of a crisis.
 3. Identify ways the House and Senate can streamline purchases and save taxpayer dollars.
 4. Encourage House-wide bulk purchasing of goods and services to cut back on waste and inefficiency.
 5. Update travel expenditure policies to improve efficiencies, and boost accountability and transparency.
Increasing the quality of constituent communication
 1. Consolidate the regulations governing Member office communications, including digital communications, into one easy to find place.
 2. Rename the House Commission on Mailing Standards, also known as the Franking Commission, the House Communications Standards Commission to reflect 21st Century communications.
 3. Increase opportunities for constituents to communicate with their Representatives.
 4. Increase accountability and tracking for all Member-sponsored communications mail.
 5. Allow for faster correspondence between Representatives and their constituents.
 6. Update House social media rules to allow for better communication online between Members of Congress and their followers.
 7. Allow the public to better access and view the types of communication sent by Members of Congress to their constituents.
Last week, the Select Committee introduced legislation (H.Res. 756) to implement the 29 bipartisan recommendations that passed out of the Select Committee earlier this year. The text specifically addresses five sections of reform which include: Streamlining And Reorganizing Human Resources, Improving Orientation for Members-Elect and Providing Improved Continuing Education Opportunities For Members, Modernizing and Revitalizing Technology, Making the House Accessible to All, and Improving Access to Documents and Publications. The Select Committee does not have legislative authority, but each committee member co-sponsored this legislative text, led by Chair Derek Kilmer (D-WA) and Vice Chair Tom Graves (R-GA), to signal their strong support for delivering real reform in the U.S. House of Representatives. The Select Committee will work with the Committee on House Administration and other relevant committees of jurisdiction to see these recommendations implemented once the legislation passes the House.
About the Select Committee
Created by an overwhelming bipartisan vote at the beginning of the 116th Congress, the Select Committee was tasked to produce recommendations on rules to promote a more modern and efficient Congress; procedures, including the schedule and calendar; policies to develop the next generation of leaders; staff recruitment, diversity, retention, and compensation and benefits; administrative efficiencies, including purchasing, travel, outside services, and shared administrative staff; technology and innovation; and the work of the House Commission on Congressional Mailing Standards.
Since March the Select Committee has held 14 hearings and numerous Member and staff-level briefings and listening sessions to solicit ideas and recommendations for reforming the legislative branch. On a rolling basis throughout the year, the Select Committee issued recommendations and shared ideas for reform on a bipartisan basis. Last month, after widespread bipartisan support throughout Capitol Hill, the Select Committee and its work was extended through the end of the 116th Congress. The rule that created the Select Committee originally had it set to expire on February 1, 2020. The extension allows the Select Committee to continue its work proposing bipartisan reforms to make Congress work better for the American people.


"Buddha's Hymn of Victory"
For this American sacred song, I've paired a classic eighteenth century psalm tune with an ancient Pali text translated by Charles Lanman, the great American scholar of Sanskrit. This is what Buddhas was supposed to have said when he at last acheived enlightenment, and was no longer bound to the endless cycle of rebirth. As a sort of extra bonus, the third verse is a translation by Paul Carus, a German immigrant to the United States, and a pioneering figure in the study of comparative religion (though today his scholarship seems quite dated).
Buddha's Hymn of Victory (PDF) 5-1/2 x 8-1/2 in., for use as an order of service insert.
The music is "Windham" by Daniel Read, one of the greatest of eighteenth century hymn tunes. This composition is usually paired with a text by Isaac Watts that begins "Broad is the road that leads to death…," and tells how mortals can get to heaven. Even though the Christian path to heaven and the Buddhist path to nirvana are very different, the mood of the music seems to match both texts equally well.


Please do the following to adjust your crawl rate at Bing:
1. Login to Bing Webmaster Tools
2. Add your site to Bing Webmaster Tools, if you have not done so already.
3. Click on the Crawl tab in the top navigation.
4. Click on Crawl Settings in the left navigation.
5. Select your website from the drop down list, if not already selected.
6. Select the radio button "Use the selected crawl rate below" to set a custom crawl rate and pattern.
7. Use the graph to specify the crawl rate and crawl pattern by dragging the graph areas to the desired
 settings. You can click on individual vertical columns to set the crawl rate individually by hour.
8. If your website is built in AJAX, select the check box labeled "Configure Bing for Ajax site crawling"
 so that BIng handles your website properly.
9. Click the Save button to save your settings.


, you have to start at the head and search sequentially to find the desired element. To avoid the need to scan the whole list, you need additional references to nodes within the list, in which case, it's no longer a simple linked list.
A binary tree allows for more rapid searching and insertion by being inherently sorted and navigable.
An alternative that I've used successfully in the past is a SkipList. This provides something akin to a linked list but with extra references to allow search performance comparable to a binary tree.
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A binary search tree can be implemented in any fashion, it doesn't need to use a linked list.
A linked list is simply a structure which contains nodes and pointers/references to other nodes inside a node. Given the head node of a list, you may browse to any other node in a linked list. Doubly-linked lists have two pointers/references: the normal reference to the next node, but also a reference to the previous node. If the last node in a doubly-linked list references the first node in the list as the next node, and the first node references the last node as its previous node, it is said to be a circular list.
A binary search tree is a tree that splits up its input into two roughly-equal halves based on a binary search comparison algorithm. Thus, it only needs a very few searches to find an element. For instance, if you had a tree with 1-10 and you needed to search for three, first the element at the top would be checked, probably a 5 or 6. Three would be less than that, so only the first half of the tree would then be checked. If the next value is 3, you have it, otherwise, a comparison is done, etc, until either it is not found or its data is returned. Thus the tree is fast for lookup, but not nessecarily fast for insertion or deletion. These are very rough descriptions.
Linked List from wikipedia, and Binary Search Tree, also from wikipedia.
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They are totally different data structures.
A linked list is a sequence of element where each element is linked to the next one, and in the case of a doubly linked list, the previous one.
A binary search tree is something totally different. It has a root node, the root node has up to two child nodes, and each child node can have up to two child notes etc etc. It is a pretty clever data structure, but it would be somewhat tedious to explain it here. Check out the Wikipedia artcle on it.
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They do have similarities, but the main difference is that a Binary Search Tree is designed to support efficient searching for an element, or "key".
A binary search tree, like a doubly-linked list, points to two other elements in the structure. However, when adding elements to the structure, rather than just appending them to the end of the list, the binary tree is reorganized so that elements linked to the "left" node are less than the current node and elements linked to the "right" node are greater than the current node.
In a simple implementation, the new element is compared to the first element of the structure (the root of the tree). If it's less, the "left" branch is taken, otherwise the "right" branch is examined. This continues with each node, until a branch is found to be empty; the new element fills that position.
With this simple approach, if elements are added in order, you end up with a linked list (with the same performance). Different algorithms exist for maintaining some measure of balance in the tree, by rearranging nodes. For example, AVL trees do the most work to keep the tree as balanced as possible, giving the best search times. Red-black trees don't keep the tree as balanced, resulting in slightly slower searches, but do less work on average as keys are inserted or removed.
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text:
I just do not let them use any copy written or registered trademarks. I
find the kids are more creative, rather then using a familiar symbol,
they have to come up with something unique. There is quite a bit of
moaning and groaning at first, but eventually, they just get used to it
and don't argue with me anymore.
Brookings Middle School
From: Jackie Brewer [_EMAIL_]
Sent: Thursday, February 15, 2007 11:20 AM
To: TeacherArtExchange Discussion Group
Subject: [teacherartexchange] familiar images
What I am curious about in many examples I see using technology with art
is the use of familiar images, such as the Nike symbol or Bart Simpson.
Are teachers having students write for permission to use these symbols
in works or art, or do they just let them do it. I am aware of one
situation in a state competition that a student used Spiderman mixed
with a self portrait. For all purposes, the artwork would have been
disqualified but on the back of the work, along with the intent form,
was a letter giving the student permission to use the work. In the long
run, the person with the copyright,wanted a sample of the finsihed
piece. I know that there are many views on what is permissible and what
is not. As a teacher who does have Art and Technology use in the
classroom, a lot, I try to make it a habit that if a student does wish
to use a familiar icon, such as Spiderman, then they have to get
permission to use it. Yes, it does take time but I feel in the long
run, it also gives the student the chance to have contact with
companies, artist, etc. and also provides insight into doing what is
With all that being said, how do you as a teacher handle this.
Me - students must have permission to use any familiar icons.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Sosnitskii S. P.
Ukr. Mat. Zh. - 2009. - 61, № 11. - pp. _PHONE_
The second Lyapunov method is applied to the analysis of stability of triangular libration points in a three-dimensional restricted circular three-body problem. It is shown that the triangular libration points are unstable.
Ukr. Mat. Zh. - 2008. - 60, № 10. - pp. 1434–1440
We consider the special case of the three-body problem where the mass of one of the bodies is considerably smaller than the masses of the other two bodies and investigate the relationship between the Lagrange stability of a pair of massive bodies and the Hill stability of the system of three bodies. We prove a theorem on the existence of Hill stable motions in the case considered. We draw an analogy with the restricted three-body problem. The theorem obtained allows one to conclude that there exist Hill stable motions for the elliptic restricted three-body problem.
Ukr. Mat. Zh. - 2005. - 57, № 8. - pp. 1137 – 1143
For the three-body problem, we study the relationship between the Hill stability of a fixed pair of mass points and the Lagrange stability of a system of three mass points. We prove the corresponding theorem establishing sufficient conditions for the Lagrange stability and consider a corollary of the theorem obtained concerning a restricted three-body problem. Relations that connect separately the squared mutual distances between mass points and the squared distances between mass points and the barycenter of the system are established. These relations can be applied to both unrestricted and restricted three-body problems.
Ukr. Mat. Zh. - 2003. - 55, № 2. - pp. 255-263
We investigate the stability of an equilibrium state of gyroscopic coupled conservative systems in the case where the force function does not attain a local maximum in this state. We consider the situation where the gyroscopic coupling is weak with respect to a part of coordinates and strong with respect to the other part.
On the function of hamiltonian action for nonholonomic systems and its application to the investigation of stability
Ukr. Mat. Zh. - 1999. - 51, № 10. - pp. 1411–1416
For nonholonomic systems, we introduce the notion of the function of Hamiltonian action, with the use of which we investigate the stability of nonholonomic systems in the case where the equilibrium state under consideration is a critical point of the corresponding Lagrangian (Whittaker system).
Ukr. Mat. Zh. - 1999. - 51, № 3. - pp. 389–397
We establish a criterion of instability for the equilibrium state of nonholonomic systems, in which gyroscopic forces may dominate over potential forces. We show that, similarly to the case of holonomic systems, the evident domination of gyroscopic forces over potential ones is not sufficient to ensure the equilibrium stability of nonholonomic systems.
Ukr. Mat. Zh. - 1997. - 49, № 10. - pp. 1422–1428
Theorems on equilibrium instability of conservative systems with gyroscopic forces are proved. The theorems obtained are nonlinear analogs of the Kelvin theorem. The equilibrium instability of the Chaplygin nonholonomic systems is considered.
Ukr. Mat. Zh. - 1996. - 48, № 11. - pp. _PHONE_
We consider the relation between the Lyapunov instability of Lagrange equilateral triangle solutions and their orbital instability. We present a theorem on the orbital instability of Lagrange solutions. This theorem is extended to the planarn-body problem.
Ukr. Mat. Zh. - 1996. - 48, № 10. - pp. _PHONE_
We consider conservative systems with gyroscopic forces and prove theorems on stability and instability of equilibrium states for such systems. These theorems can be regarded as a generalization of the Kelvin theorem to nonlinear systems.
Ukr. Mat. Zh. - 1991. - 43, № 4. - pp. 440-447
Ukr. Mat. Zh. - 1989. - 41, № 8. - pp. 1100–1106
Ukr. Mat. Zh. - 1988. - 40, № 1. - pp. 95-101
Ukr. Mat. Zh. - 1987. - 39, № 2. - pp. 215–220
Ukr. Mat. Zh. - 1985. - 37, № 1. - pp. 124 – 127


I would like to calculate the integral of $f(z)=\frac{2z}{z^2+1}$ over $|z|=2$ in the upper complex plane using $F$, the antiderivative of $f$.
Now, I know that $F$ exists because I can draw a simply-connected domain containing the curve in which the func $f$ is analytic:
$\frac{-\pi}{4} < arg(z)< \frac{5\pi}{4}$, for $r>1$
According to the explanation in the book, since there is no single-analytic branch of $\log (z)$ in this domain, one can only describe $F=\log (z)$ using multiple branches of $\log (z)$.
Now, as far as I can tell since $z=0$ is not completely surrounded by the domain, $\log (z)$ is not multi-valued and it would be sufficient to exclude for example $Im(z)<0$ to describe an analytic branch of $\log (z)$ in the domain. Which is already excluded.. Am I missing something here?
What analytic branches can describe $F$? A detailed explanation would be much appreciated. Thanks :)
 - $\begingroup$ $\int_\gamma \frac{g'(z)}{g(z)}dz = G(t)\mid_0^1$ where $G(t) = \log(g(\gamma(t)))+ 2 i \pi k(t)$ is continuous on $t \in [0,1]$ and $k(t) \in \mathbb{Z}$ $\endgroup$ – reuns Aug 3 '16 at 4:35
 - $\begingroup$ What do you mean by $F=\log(z)$? The antiderivative is $F(z)=\log(z^2+1)$, which for example can be defined in the plane with slits from $+i$ upwards, and from $-i$ downwards (just take log to be the usual principal logarithm). $\endgroup$ – Hans Lundmark Aug 3 '16 at 14:13
The antiderivative of $f$ will be $F(z)=\log(z^2+1)=\log(z+i)+\log(z-i)$ but we need to carefully choose a branch cut. Take $-\frac{\pi}{2}<\arg(z\pm i)<\frac{3\pi}{2}$ so the branch cut for $F(z)$ will be starting at $z=i$ and extending towards $-i\infty$. Notice that this branch cut does not intersect with $|z|=2$ in the upper half plane.
So now we can evaluate the integral by computing $F(-2)-F(2)$, while paying careful attention to argument. (I recommend drawing some triangles)
$$\log(2+i)=\ln|2+i|+i\cdot\arg(2+i)=\ln(\sqrt{5})+i\cdot\arg(2+i)$$ $$\log(2-i)=\ln|2-i|+i\cdot\arg(2-i)=\ln(\sqrt{5})-i\cdot\arg(2+i)$$
So we have that $F(2)=\ln(5)$.
$$\log(-2+i)=\ln|-2+i|+i\cdot\arg(-2+i)=\ln(\sqrt{5})+i(\pi/2+\pi/2-\arg(2+i))$$ $$\log(-2-i)=\ln|-2-i|+i\cdot\arg(-2-i)=\ln(\sqrt{5})+i(\pi+\arg(2+i))$$
Now we have $F(-2)=\ln(5)+2\pi i$. So $F(-2)-F(2)=2\pi i$.
An easier method to evaluate the integral is by deforming the upper half of the circle of radius 2 down to the x-axis. We will also pick up a residue at the point $z=i$. Let $\gamma(t)=2e^{it}$ for $0\leq t\leq\pi$.
$$\int_\gamma\frac{2z}{z^2+1}dz=\int_2^{-2}\frac{2x}{x^2+1}dx+2\pi i\cdot\text{Res}\left(\frac{2z}{z^2+1};z=i\right) \\ =0+2\pi i\cdot\lim_{z\to i}\frac{(z-i)2z}{z^2+1} \\ =2\pi i$$
 - $\begingroup$ Thank you for this answer. Although I am not sure about the validity of the first step The identity log(z^2+1)=log(z+i)+log(z-i) holds up to integer multiplies of 2*Pi*i, yet k is unknown.. The book states there is no analytic branch of log(z) in the given domain (I'm not sure why), yet the antiderivative can be described by more than one branch of log(z) $\endgroup$ – breeze Aug 2 '16 at 23:34
 - $\begingroup$ log(z^2+1)=log(z+i)+log(z-i) for all z not equal to i,-i $\endgroup$ – Elliot Aug 3 '16 at 3:24
 - $\begingroup$ Consider z=-2+i then (arg(z+i)=3pi/4 + arg(z-i)=pi)=7pi/4>3pi/2 $\endgroup$ – breeze Aug 3 '16 at 3:57
Your Answer


STANDISH, Maine (NEWS CENTER) -- The Portland Water District recently completed installation of a hi-tech safeguard against potential contaminates in its water.
"Each of these reactors is configured up to 52 million gallons of water a day," stated Joel Anderson, chief operator of the Sebago Lake Water Treatment Facility, as he showed of the district's two new UV reactors.
These massive tubes are designed to keep microorganisms out of the district's drinking water.
"How UV works is that it actually penetrates the cell of an organism and disrupts the organism's DNA so that it can no longer replicate," explained Anderson.
The process keeps any microorganisms like cryptosporidium or giardia that pass through from being able to multiply and make people sick.
Anderson says UV is a physical process that is safe, reliable and allows the Portland Water District to meet new federal water quality standards without adding additional chemicals.
Computers control the intensity of the UV exposure to optimize energy efficiency while remaining effective.
"It is largely a light switch," he explained. "They turn it on and a computer does all the work of ramping it up and down."
The system, which is part of a $12 million overhaul of the facility's equipment, has been undergoing tests for the past few months and will now remain running around the clock as an added measure to keep the district's roughly 200,000 customers safe.
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Honda CR-V P2197: 02 Sensor B2S1 – Signal Stuck Lean
P2197 is a general DTC code that indicates that the signal coming from your Honda CR-V's first O2 sensor on the bank two side of the engine is stuck giving off a lean signal. The voltage reading from a normal oxygen sensor should look something like a heartbeat, whereas with P2197 the voltage looks like a low voltage flatline).
P2197 Honda CR-V
P2197 is not a manufacturer specific code, which means it has the same basic meaning for any vehicle. It is most typically caused by a bad O2 sensor, but there can A LOT of issues that can cause this code. You will need to know how to find bank 2, which you can do by clicking here.
Honda CR-V P2197 Symptoms
CR-V P2197 Check Engine Light On
The symptoms associated with P2197 can be varied. Often, the check engine light will be the only symptom.
 - Check engine light
 - Rough running engine
 - Misfire
 - Hard/Rough start
 - Difficulty idling
P2197 Common Causes
P2197 Causes Honda CR-V
 - Oxygen Sensor– The B2S1 oxygen sensor could be bad, or the wiring going to/from it could have issues. The wiring that goes to all of the O2 sensors is some of the most error prone on any vehicle, including the Honda CR-V. It gets more exposure to the elements and heat, which can lead to an open/short situation.
 - Bad Sensor– The PCM relies on the MAF, ECT, A/F sensors to help it adjust the air/fuel ratio. When they go bad, it may force the air/fuel mixture to lean out, which in turn can throw P2197.
 - Vacuum Leak– A vacuum leak allows UNMETERED air to enter into the combustion chamber, changing the air/fuel mixture.
 - Fuel System– A bad fuel injector or the wrong fuel pressure can cause P2197.
 - Exhaust Leak– An exhaust leak allows the exhaust to exit somewhere other than the tailpipes. If there is too much exhaust that is allowed to leave, it'll show up as a lean condition.
P2197 Diagnosis: Honda CR-V
P2197 Diagnosis
Here are some diagnostic steps that you can use to diagnose this code from home.
Capture the Short/Long Term Fuel Trim Values
If you happen to have access to a scan tool, you can use it to capture the short and long term fuel trim values. You'll need to make sure that the engine is warmed up before you do this.
Doing this will help you determine if the O2 sensor is operating within spec without having to do any looking under the hood.
While this isn't a skill most DIY mechanics have, the concept is simple, and you can learn enough to use fuel trim to your advantage by watching this 11 minute video (it's worth it).
Swap Test
Since your CR-V has a V6, V8, or V10 engine, there are two banks (one for each head), which means you can do the swap test to determine if the bank 2 sensor 1 oxygen sensor is bad. You just swap the bank 1 and bank 2 oxygens sensors. Here's what you do:
 1. Clear the codes with your scanner.
 3. Run the engine until the check engine light comes back on.
 4. If the code changes to P2195 (which indicates the O2 sensor on Bank 1 is stuck lean), that is enough proof that you need a new O2 sensor.
 5. If the code remains P2197, you'll need to continue pursuing your diagnosis, knowing that both O2 sensors are working fine.
Check the O2 Sensor Harness
You can use a multimeter to check for any short or open circuits at the wiring harness. A quick visual inspection can often tell you if there is something wrong, but not in the way the use of a multimeter will.
Vacuum Leaks
Often a worn or brittle vacuum line will allow unmetered air into the engine. When this happens, it creates a lean condition.
You can test for a vacuum leak around the vacuum lines and the intake manifold. A common method is to spray carb cleaner around the intake/vacuum lines. When the spot is found the engine will rev higher with no throttle input.
Obviously, carb cleaner is super flammable. So be CAREFUL. Make sure you have a form of fire suppression available to you.
Fuel Issues
Since you your CR-V has an engine with 2 banks (not an inline engine) and you're getting P2197 without getting P2195, it could mean that an injector has gone bad. If there was a fuel pressure issue, you'd likely get P2195.
Further Testing
If you've looked over all of the items listed above, and you still haven't diagnosed P2197 in your vehicle, don't give up.
 - Take a look at the MAF and IAT sensors. They could be telling the engine the wrong amount of air is entering the combustion chamber.
 - Check to see if there are any TSB's for your engine and model year.
P2197 CR-V Conclusion: Usually the O2 Sensor
P2197 can be caused by a lot of issues, you'll more than likely be replacing an oxygen sensor though. Good luck diagnosing your vehicle!
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text:
Naranjilla or little orange – Naranjilla's are a bright orange fruit which is a bit smaller than a tennis ball. The inside of an naranjilla is full of pulp with tiny seeds when strained and sweetened can make a orange-greenish juice that is tangy and leaves an aftertaste that is almost perfumey. The naranjilla is native to Ecuador and Columbia and is rarely grown anywhere else.
Uvilla or husk tomato, ground cherry, gooseberry – This small yellow fruit is called ground cherries as they grow close to the ground and are cherry like in both shape and size. The uvilla has nothing else in common with cherries as there is no stone or they do not even taste like cherries. The uvilla is bright yellow and grows inside a husk that is shaped like a small thin lantern. The flavours of the uvilla are something like a pineapple and are eaten raw.
Chirimoya or Custard Apple – The cherimoya is related to the guanabana/soursop. A cherimoya has a tasty white pulp that is in a green mottled skin and can be the size of a small melon. The white pulpy flesh is full of black seeds which are large and smooth and can be removed easily.
Tomate de Arbol or Tree Tomato – The tree tomato is red and shaped like an egg and is full of seeds that are covered by the pulp of this fruit. It is a bit like the passion fruit. The tree tomato fruit is good for juice and can be used in a dessert if boiled in sugar. This fruit if eaten fresh can be very sour.
Maracuya or passion fruit – The maracuya fruit is shaped like an egg and yellow. The fruit is hollow and filled with dozens of seeds inside which are covered with the pulp. The maracuya can be eaten fresh off the vine and has a tart flavour. The people in Ecuador put the pulp with the seeds in a blender for a few seconds to make juice and add a bit of sugar (brown sugar is nicer) to sweeten the juice.
Orito or Finger Bananas – Many different types of bananas are grown in Ecuador but the Orito banana is the smallest banana and has a much sweeter and richer taste than the other bananas.
Guanabana or soursop – The guanabana's outer skin is rough and green. The guanabanas are large and can even reach the size of a volleyball. The inside of this fruit is white with pulp, and is full of many cherry like seeds. The flesh inside the guanabana can be eaten fresh, has the taste of a strawberry and is mild and quite sweet. The Ecuadorian people make this fruit into juice, as they can be very messy to eat.
Pitahaya or Dragon Fruit – The pitahaya fruit grows on a type of tree cactus and is a yellow bumpy fruit. The fruit is cut opened and the flesh is a bit transparent and gray in colour and is full of small black seeds. The pitahaya is a bit like a kiwi. The pitahaya can be eaten the same way as a kiwi but can also be made into a juice. The pitahaya is said to have mild laxative properties.
Taxo or Banana Passion Fruit – The taxo is a long soft fruit that looks like a small orange banana but straight. The fruit has many seeds that are covered with pulp which when separated can be made into ice cream or juice. This fruit has a tart taste and is tangy and is not usually eaten fresh.
Tuna or Prickly Pear – This fruit should not be confused with the fish – in Spanish you would ask for "atun". The tuna fruit is from a species of cactus and grows all around South America. Looking at the tuna fruit is does look like a small cactus, the outer skin of this fruit is green and when opened there is red pulp inside the fruit. There are small seeds in the fruit that are crunchy, they can be eaten and are tasteless. This fruit has a very mild flavour that is fruity, although bland when compared to other fruits from Ecuador.
Granadilla or Sweet Granadila - The granadilla fruit is small, a pale pinkish-orange colour and shaped like an egg. The fruit inside has dozens of black seeds which are enclosed in a gray pulp that is semi transparent. The pulp and seeds can be eaten whole without the skin. Granadillas have a fruity flavour and are very mild. They are a popular fruit here in Ecuador. This fruit is too mild for making juice and is usually eaten fresh.
Mora or Blackberry – Blackberries from Ecuador are larger than the blackberries that we would see in North America and are grown all year round. In most parts of the country blackberry bushes grow like weeds. Although the blackberries can be eaten fresh, the Ecuadorian people blend them with water and some sugar and make a very tasty juice.
Babaco – or Mountain Papaya - The babaco fruit is seedless and has a smooth skin that can be eaten and is said to taste like strawberry, papaya, kiwi and pineapple. The fruit is pentagonal in shape. The babaco like the papaya, is grown for its edible fruit and for its fruit juice. The babaco fruit has no seeds present in the fruit. At this point the fruits reach a length of about 12 inches long and 8 inches wide. They are distinctly five-sided, rounded at the stem end and pointed at the apex. The flesh of the babaco is very juicy, slightly acidic and low in sugar. The Ecuadorians not only use this fruit for juice but also to make a dessert called Dulce de Babaco and it can also be used as a pie filling and goes great with apples or strawberries in a pie.


text:
August 3, 2012
Octopoteuthis deletron, a species of squid found deep in the cold waters of the Pacific Ocean, has many natural predators: elephant seals, giant grenadier fish and the mysterious Perrin's beaked whale.
To protect itself, the squid has developed a a rather unusual defensive mechanism, recently discovered by cephalopod researcher Stephanie Bush of the University of Rhode Island: When attacked, the squid plants its arms in its predator and then breaks them off. While seemingly counterproductive, there's a reason for this tactic.
"If a predator is trying to attack them, they may dig the hooks on their arms into the predator's skin. Then the squid jets away and leaves its arm tips stuck to the predator," Bush explains. "The wriggling, bioluminescing arms might give the predator pause enough to allow the squid to get away." In the squid's extremely dark habitat—anywhere from 1,300 to 2,600 feet below the surface—this distracting, flashing "disarmament" could be the difference between staying alive and getting eaten.
Scientists have known for some time that lizards and other land-based species can voluntarily detach their appendages to elude predators, a tactic they call "arm autonomy." But Bush's discovery, revealed in a paper published this month in the journal Marine Ecology Progress Series, is the first ever documented case of a squid engaging in the practice.
Bush says she first became interested in looking into the phenomenon when she was working as a researcher at the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute and noticed that many wild squid had extremely blunt arms that seemed to be in the process of regenerating. Scientists had speculated that damage caused by researchers' nets was the underlying reason, but Bush wasn't so sure. So she and her colleagues sent a remotely-controlled submersible equipped with a video camera deep into the waters of the Monterey Bay Submarine Canyon, found a squid and poked it with the control arm of the vehicle.
"The very first time we tried it, the squid spread its arms wide and it was lighting up like fireworks," she says. Because the metal control arm was smooth, though, the squid's arms slid off of it without detaching.
The team then came up with a makeshift solution: They attached a brush used to clean their laboratory glassware to the control arm of the vehicle and then used that to poke the squid. "It then came forward and grabbed the bottlebrush and jetted backwards, leaving two arms on the bottlebrush," recounts Bush. "We think the hooks on its arms latched onto the bristles of the brush, and that was enough for the arms to just pop off." Luckily, the team caught the fascinating encounter on camera for us to enjoy.
Bush later found other squid of the same species and repeated the test. Although some were more hesitant to discharge their arms than others, fighting back against the fearsome bottlebrush at first, all engaged in the unusual tactic after sufficient provocation. None of the other squid species she tested did the same. The species appeared to discharge their arms efficiently: Looking under a microscope afterward, Bush saw that most arms were torn as close as possible to the stress point, minimizing the amount of tissue lost.
The squid can regrow their arms, but that takes energy, and swimming around without an arm or two could make capturing food and mating more difficult (the bioluminescent organ on the arms' tips are used to attract mates). Still, the strategy is a smart one under sufficiently dire circumstances. "There is definitely an energy cost associated with this behavior," Bush says, "but the cost is less than being dead."
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Commercial Refrigeration Cleaning & Maintenance Company
Routine maintenance is vital to prolonging the duration of your plumbing equipment. However, it will not just enable you to get more usage from your gear. Additionally, it will help prevent big problems and expensive repairs.
By maintaining your commercial refrigeration system operating at peak operation, the technicians maintain your gear from wearing early. Here is a few of the issues you can prevent with routine upkeep:
refrigeration case cleaning
Image Source: Google
The refrigeration unit operates loudly. Modern refrigeration equipment is designed to operate with minimal sound. If you become aware of your refrigeration unit operating loudly, it might be an indicator of a significant issue with the compressor, engine, or other elements.
Ice buildup. Ice might look to be a fantastic thing for a freezer or refrigerator. But ice hockey that's permitted to accumulate across the condenser coils or other elements can hinder the insulating material, cause airflow issues, and cause the engine to work harder to keep a consistent temperature.
Specialist Maintenance Makes a Difference
During a maintenance trip, the technicians will complete a comprehensive review of your plumbing gear. This frequently includes:
-Analyzing the temperature and thermostat.
-Testing pressure controls and electric connections.
-Inspecting the doorway and casing for possible leaks.
-Cleaning coils.
These maintenance visits create a quantifiable difference on your bottom line, such as:
-Energy savings.
-The lower threat of expensive repair.


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confirmations indicating that the update has initiated, come after one saying that it has been done. Please pay close attention because the sound may be hard to listen to. Normal updates should only take a few seconds.
Configuration of Sound
It takes some time to convert sounds to work with neopixel, but it's not a tough procedure. Manual conversion is necessary at this time.
The example above shows the accepted sound file types. Although the sample shows a maximum of two sounds for each, you may add many more (tested up to 16).
Neopixel will not read folders with names; they must be numbered sequentially. You won't have to change any sound files from common sound font formats like Proffie or CFX, but you will need to delete and rename some. Renamed files with the same name in Windows 10 will be automatically numbered, making converting many files of the same sound type much easier.
Adding a new font requires adding default blade color in config.ini file in the following format:
Color-X=(r, g, b)
where X is replaced with the sound theme folder number. r, g, b are red, green and blue values in the 0-255 range. More detail is mentioned in the next section.
The 'config.ini' file under the 'set' folder in SD Card contains default configurations for the lightsaber. These configurations can be customized to enhance the experience.
The example shows the default config.ini file. The configurations are well labeled to make customizations easier.
Twist Power and Stab Power gestures can be turned off by changing the following:
_TAG_ power on/off,1 is on,0 is off
_TAG_ power on/off,1 is on,0 is off
Moreover the gestures can be made more sensitive by changing the sensitivity value for each configuration. The default value and maximum values are mentioned with each configuration.
The flash on clash requires a hard clash to function. Changing the sensitivity from 1.5 to 1.0 can result in a smoother experience.
_TAG_ of clash, smaller more sensitive
The default colors for each soundfont can also be changed by changing the RGB values to the colors.
Color-X=(r, g,b)
These values are in range 0-255. Where (0, 0, 0) represents a black which should not be used as it is impossible to select a black light. (255, 255, 255) is a white light. The mix can be used to make different colors of the blade.
Customizing default blade styles is not possible in Xeno Soundboards. However it can be done in Proffie Boards.
In order to get your lightsaber's issue resolved you must have to follow the given steps related to your issue, if none of them works, please drop us email at _EMAIL_ with complete video explaining the issue.
When Lightsaber can't turn on
This situation is caused by poor battery contact, Does it work when you plug in the charger? if not then please make up the gasket slightly out to properly adjust the battery in between both ends.
This situation is caused due to the battery terminals not touching the battery properly or either not fully adjusted that's why lightsaber would not charge until it's properly fixed.
If still lightsaber would not charge then please send us a video of lightsaber charging while the battery is properly inserted into the kit.
When Blade's Light not turn on
This situation is caused due to the neopixel blade was not fully inserted and did not touch pin, that's why the blade was not lighting up. So please try to fully insert the blade to make it touch pin then surely it will light up.
Other case it can be due to low charge. So charge your battery for about an hour at least. If the problem is not related to charging, removing and replacing the battery may resolve it.
No sound from lightsaber
lightsaber could be on mute. Turn off the lightsaber, then press and hold on the button for 0.5 seconds (for one flash of red button light) to adjust the sound volume.
When charging, the lightsaber indicates 'charging' and then immediately indicates 'ready.':
The battery is not linked to the plates inside Kit. Open the lightsaber and correctly tune the connections such that the positive and negative can easily touch both ends of the battery.
- As we are selling an electronic gadget so it's quite necessary to look into the issue carefully to sort it out properly, so if you want us to resolve your issue, it is requested to follow the above mentioned guidelines.
- if the issues is not resolve please make a clear video explaining the whole scenario and send us at _EMAIL_, so that our engineers can identify the issue and resolve it accordingly.
- After sending video please wait for 24 to maximum 48 hours. So we can either come up with a solution and issue your replacement.
It is requested to not open a dispute, our support is customer centric and we are eager to solve your issues on priority.


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|2002-05-09, Rev. 2002-06-03. © 2002 Garrett D. Euler|
The correct definition of bolt and screw is as follows.
|Bolts are defined as headed fasteners having external threads that meet an exacting, uniform bolt thread specification (such as M, MJ, UN, UNR, and UNJ) such that they can accept a nontapered nut. Screws are defined as headed, externally-threaded fasteners that do not meet the above definition of bolts.|
Because various organizations have thoroughly confused everyone regarding this simple definition, the remainder of this article dispels several myths and discusses the full rationale explaining the above, correct definition.
(1) Several dictionaries, Machinery's Handbook, part specification sheets, military specifications, bolt manufacturers, and vendor catalogs are wrong and have botched the above, unambiguous definition. Their definitions of bolt versus screw are arbitrary, random, ambiguous, nondefinitive, and do not align with common sense. Having "credible" sources such as Machinery's Handbook, ASME, ISO, and military specification sheets misusing and arbitrarily misdefining the words throws the whole world off. Then eventually most dictionary authors follow suit and copy some arbitrary version of the incorrect definitions floating about. All of these incorrect definitions and misuses, no matter how credible the source may otherwise seem, should be completely ignored. It should be apparent to you that technical definitions that make no sense are not credible.
(2) Another major confusion factor is the fact that bolt threads are sometimes generically referred to as "screw" threads in specifications, even though they are actually bolt threads, in an attempt to generically refer to the threads themselves, whether internal or external and regardless of which part they exist in. Words can have more than one definition, and this particular usage of the word "screw" is an attempt to describe helical threads simply in reference to the act of screwing. Using the word "screw" when "screwing" is meant does not cause a bolt, whose threads meet the specification of bolt threads, to be suddenly metamorphosed into a screw. If the threads meet the specification of bolt threads, such that they can accept a nut (regardless of whether you install a nut or not), then the threads themselves would more aptly be called "bolt threads" in the specifications, instead of "screw threads," to dispel confusion, as the nut is no more a screw, by the strict definition, than a bolt is a screw.
(3) Let us get the record corrected with the previously-stated, correct definition, which stands unaffected by several other factors. And let us now, by stating the correct facts, dispel several myths that have no affect upon the above definition.
The extent to which the shank of a fastener is threaded, whether fully or partially, does not affect the above definition in any way. Bolts can come fully or partially threaded, as do screws.
Whether or not a nut is installed does not affect the above definition in any way. Common sense tells you a bolt is not suddenly metamorphosed into a screw each time you extract the nut (if you chose to install a nut instead of using the bolt in a threaded hole, insert, or nutplate); nor is it suddenly transformed into a screw each time you choose to not use the bolt but just let it sit there on a table unused.
Bolts are untapered. Screws are often tapered but can also be untapered.
Screws always cut their own internal threads when initially installed, as there is generally no tool meeting the arbitrary specification of their threads to tap out the internal threads beforehand. Conversely, however, it is possible for a bolt to be self-tapping. The only criterion in regard to the bolt versus screw definition is whether or not the self-tapping fastener, non-cutting threads meet the strict specification of bolt threads, meaning they can be correctly mated with a nut.
The type or size of head on a fastener does not affect the above definition in any way. Bolts come with almost every imaginable head; screws do also, including hexagonal. Likewise, the configuration of the driving (or holding) tool surfaces in the head, whether internal or external surfaces, does not affect the above definition in any way.
The fastener nominal diameter does not affect the above definition in any way. Bolts do not suddenly and mysteriously no longer accept nuts just because they become small, miniature, or micro.
The term "machine screw" is a misnomer. A bolt, clearly having bolt threads, is not suddenly metamorphosed into a screw just because someone arbitrarily misnamed it in a specification, book, organization, or industry.
Whether or not specifications incorrectly or loosely refer to bolt and nut threads as "screw threads," or even erroneously refer to bolts as "screws," does not suddenly transform the bolt into a screw. The inability of the technician who drafted the specification to master or understand language, grammar, measurement systems, coherent, unambiguous, internationally-standard units of measure, correct mathematical expressions, etc., does not mean the coherent engineers are suddenly thrown into an abyss without coherent definitions. Intelligent engineers must be able to sort out the technical facts from among the fiction and typos. Whenever someone has botched definitions, world class organizations such as ISO and IEEE need to step up to the plate and redirect the incoherent, aimless, arbitrary, lower-level entities. All of these incorrect definitions and misuses of the word "screw" should be completely ignored, as there is no need to continue to copy past mistakes and propagate confusion. The previously-stated, correct definition should be used in new specifications, standards, and publications.
|Return to Structural Analysis Reference Library.||© 2002 Garrett D. Euler|


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Smoby Smart Cubes FR/GB/GE/DU
- Availability : In stock
- With the interactive toy "Smoby Smart Cubes" your child will learn colours and numbers while having fun!
- Playful, this tablet has 3 game modes:
- Colours learning: your child should point a colour out with the electronic stylus to find the requested colour
- Numbers learning: your child should point a number out with the electronic stylus to find the requested number
- With the free mode your little-one can untie the stylus and point all the colours from all the materials around him in order to distinguish colours!
- Moreover, the cubes can be stacked up to form a tower.
- FR/GB/GE/DU mode. Chromatic sensor.
- For children aged 2 years and over.
Delivery within 2 days at QAR 15
Card on Delivery
Cash on Delivery
مرخص من وزارة التجارة والصناعة
Licensed by Ministry of Commerce and Industry


We can work on Blue Ocean Strategy
What is a? What is a red ocean strategy? Explain these from the perspective of
company, competition, costs, and markets.
The authors allude to the fact that most companies borrow their strategic thinking from military models
(see âParadox of strategyâ). How does this model affect perceptions related to competition and customers
and what are the implications for creating value for markets (and employees!)?
Using the âSnapshot of Blue Ocean Creationâ exhibit, list and explain the key success factors for the three
industries (auto, computer, movie theaters).
The authors claim âdemand is created rather than fought overâ in blue oceans. What does this mean? Cite
examples from the article.
Explain the redefined relationship between âvalueâ and âlow costâ in Blue Ocean Strategies. What is the
traditional basis of âcompetitive advantageâ in red ocean strategies?
Sample Solution
Video Games Have Negative Effects on Children GuidesorSubmit my paper for analysis Introduction Playing video games is perceived as an exciting aspect of the media landscape and has experienced much expansion in recent years. There has been a rise in the number of children who use video games in many parts of the world, particularly in the United States (Hagan,et al. 2002).violent video gamesAmong children in the United States, playing hours of video games have increased from 4 hours every week in the 1980s, to about 13 hours per week in recent years. Video games have also taken the attention of the public, particularly by the controversies regarding first person shooter games (Anderson, Gentile & Buckley, 2007). Various studies have shown that violent content in video games desensitizes players, especially children, to real-world violence. When players become desensitized, they tend to increase their aggression and decrease their empathy. Other researchers have indicated that playing video games among children does not lead to significant aggressive behavior, since the magnitude of the effect in the meta-analysis may be an outcome of publication bias. Despite pressure from various societies, many video games contain a considerable amount of violence. Violent games are seen to promote feelings of excitement, satisfaction, and empowerment among players (Hagan, et al. 2002). However, Przybylski et al, carried a study on video games and concluded that the desire and enjoyment for future play were linked to competence and the experience of autonomy in the video game, and not the level of violence. Different scholars have argued about the negative and positive effects of playing video games among children. This research paper will discuss the various effects that playing video games have on children. They impact childrenâs lives socially and they increase violence among children (Sherry, 2001). Background The debate on whether video games have social effects and cause violence among players, especially children, can be traced back to 1976 when a video game entitled Death Race was released on the market. The main aim of the game was to run over screaming gremlins using a car which would then turn into tombstones. The pace of the game was pedestrian and the gremlins resembled human figures. There was a public outcry over this video game and eventually its production ceased. There were other violent video games that were produced later in 1993, such as Night Trap and Mortal Kombat, which were followed by public outcry. In the same year, a board was established in the United States to look into video games and rate them according to their content (Siwek, 2007). The board is known as the entertainment software rating board (ESRB). The other video game that attracted media attention was Rapelay, produced in 2006 (Siwek, 2007). The video game required players to rape and stalk a woman and her two girls. Such video games are said to cause behavioral change among children. There have been several incidents that are linked to video games, such as the massacre at Columbine High School that claimed 13 lives. Laws have been enacted to ban or control the sale of video games. For example, on the 27th of June 2007, the Supreme Court of the United States overturned the law in California that banned the sale of video games to minors (Siwek, 2007). The court ruled that the law violated the freedom of speech even though the state has an obligation to protect kids from harm. Another aspect that should be noted regarding video games is that boys spend more time playing than girls. Not many girls are interested in playing video games, hence they are not affected as much as boys of a similar age (Anderson & Bushman, 2001). The Drawbacks of Children Playing Video games Most of the negative effects as a result of playing video games among children can be blamed on the violent scenes contained in these games. When a child spends an extended amount of time playing such video games, they becomes socially isolated. This means that a child does not have enough time to interact with other members of their society (Anderson & Bushman, 2001). The child who spends many hours a day playing video games will have little time to meet and make new friends. They may in turn become more depressed and lonely in their homes. Children will also spend little time on other activities such as sports, reading, and doing homework. The child becomes socially inactive since they do not get involved in social activities. Some video games teach children wrong values (Gunter, 1998). Most of the children who spend much of their time playing video games are likely to perform poorly in school. A solid number of video games are addictive. Rather than studying or completing homework, a child spends time playing video games. As a result, poor performance will be seen at schools. Video games reduce a childâs imaginative thinking as well. This means that a child who ends up spending most of their time playing video games does not get a chance to think creatively or independently. Imaginative thinking is crucial in developing a childâs creativity. By fostering isolation, video games may also affect a childâs health. Since they do not get enough bodily exercise, children who spend the majority of their time playing video games are likely to suffer from video-induced seizures, obesity and skeletal, muscular and postural disorders like tendinitis, carpal tunnel syndrome, among others. Video games promote children to associate happiness and pleasure with the capability to cause pain to others. They develop the feeling that in order to be happy, one has to make other people suffer. Children who play video games tend to develop selfish behavior (Anderson & Bushman, 2001). Video games teach the player to be dependent and since the child is often left alone while playing a video game, he or she can develop selfish behavior. A certain study that was done at a Minneapolis-based national institute for media indicated that kids can get addicted to video games and exhibit social phobias. The interactive quality of video games is quite different from passively viewing movies or television. The games allow players to be active participants in the script. The players who are able to benefit from acts of violence are then able to proceed to the next level (Sherry, 2001). As a negative result of playing video games, violence in children has shown an increase. âAnderson and Dill found that males who were high in aggression and irritability, showed the strongest association between video game play and aggressive behaviorâ (Lillian Bensely & Juliet Van Eenwyk, 2001). There are many incidents of violent behavior among children who play violent video games worldwide (Gunter, 1998). One of the high-profile incidents is the Columbine High School massacre that was caused by 17-year-old Dylan Klebold, and 18-year-old Harris Eric. The massacre happened on the 20th of April, 1999, at Columbine High School, located in Jefferson County. 12 pupils and a teacher were killed by two pupils. It was later revealed that the two shooters in the massacre were frequent players of weapon-based combat games. It was also noted that the two shooters used to play Wolfeinstein 3D and Doom, games which are violent. After the incident, many newspaper articles claimed that the key cause of that incident was violent video games. Another incident occurred in April, 2000, when Jose Rabadan, a sixteen-year-old Spaniard, killed his parents and his sister using a katana sword, claiming that he was Squall Leonhart, the main character in the video game titled âFinal Fantasy V111,â on a mission of revenge. This was a consequence of playing the game too much and fantasizing about what he saw in the video game (Williams, & Marko, 2005). In 1997, there was the case of a thirteen year old, Wilson Noah, who was killed by his friend using a kitchen knife. The mother of the deceased claimed that Noah was stabbed because of the obsession his friend had with the video game known as Mortal Kombat. She alleged that the child who killed Noah was obsessed with the game, and thought he was one of the characters in the game named Cyrax. In the game, Cyrax uses a finishing move whereby he grabs the opponent and stabs him in the chest. It was alleged that this was the move that motivated the killing of that child. There are many other incidents that were caused by the effects of playing video games. A report that was compiled by the FBI in the year 2006 showed that the playing of video games among children was one of the behavioral traits linked to school shootings. The report outlined several factors behind school shootings of which playing violent video


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PNG images: Ribbon
A ribbon or riband is a thin band of material, typically cloth but also plastic or sometimes metal, used primarily as decorative binding and tying. Cloth ribbons are made of natural materials such as silk, velvet, cotton, and jute and of synthetic materials, such as polyester, nylon, and polyproylene. Ribbon is used for innumerable useful, ornamental, and symbolic purposes. Cultures around the world use ribbon in their hair, around the body, and as ornamentation on non-human animals, buildings, and packaging. Some popular fabrics used to make ribbons are satin, organza, sheer, silk, velvet, and grosgrain.
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Ribbon PNG images
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Along with that of tapes, fringes, and other smallwares, the manufacture of cloth ribbons forms a special department of the textile industries. The essential feature of a ribbon loom is the simultaneous weaving in one loom frame of two or more webs, going up to as many as forty narrow fabrics in modern looms. To affect the conjoined throwing of all the shuttles and the various other movements of the loom, the automatic action of the power-loom is necessary, and it is a remarkable fact that the self-acting ribbon loom was known and extensively used more than a century before the famous invention of Cartwright. A loom in which several narrow webs could be woven at one time is mentioned as having been working in Dantzig towards the end of the 16th century. Similar looms were at work in Leiden in 1620, where their use gave rise to so much discontent and rioting on the part of the weavers that the states-general had to prohibit their use. The prohibition was renewed at various intervals throughout the century, and in the same interval the use of the ribbon loom was interdicted in most of the principal industrial centres of Europe. In 1676, under the name of the Dutch loom or engine loom, it was brought to London, and although its introduction there caused some disturbance, it does not appear to have been prohibited. In 1745, John Kay, the inventor of the fly-shuttle, obtained, conjointly with Joseph Stell, a patent for improvements in the ribbon loom. Since that period, it has benefited by the inventions applied to weaving machinery generally.
Ribbon-weaving is known to have been established near St. Etienne (dep. Loire) as early as the 11th century, and that town has remained the headquarters of the industry. During the Huguenot troubles, ribbon-weavers from St. Etienne settled at Basel, and there, established an industry which in modern times has rivalled that of the original seat of the trade. Krefeld is the centre of the German ribbon industry; the manufacture of black velvet ribbon being there a specialty. In England Coventry is the most important seat of ribbon-making, which is also prosecuted at Norwich and Leicester.
While satin and other sorts of ribbon have always been used in lingerie, the usage of ribbon in the garment industry, while subject to fashion trends, saw an upsurge in the mid to late 90's. This upsurge led to increased ribbon manufacturing as well as new and improved manufacturing techniques. Due to more competitive production rates, as well as past experience in this field, companies in the Far East – especially those in China – gradually secured themselves to be the major ribbon suppliers in the world and improved both the quality and the variety of their merchandise to match those of their established European and North American competitors.
Presently, the North American continent remains the largest importer of ribbon and ribbon derivative products (such as bows, rosettes, and other garment accessories made from ribbon). However, due to outsourcing of production of garments by North American garment manufacturers, countries in Asia and South America have started to contribute to the change of the statistical figures of ribbon imports.
Inspired by European silk ribbons obtained through trade, Great Lakes and Prairie Native American tribes created art form of appliqué ribbon work.


Swimming in the shadow of a steel tanker weighing tens-of-thousands of tons is sometimes risky—if not potentially deadly—behavior. But for common dolphins (Delphinus sp.), the opportunity to surf a surging bow wave or frolic in a trailing wake is hard to resist, as it offers both enrichment and an extra boost in speed.
Ever since the age of Aristotle, scientists have admired yet puzzled over the speed, strength, and agility that allow this charismatic swimmer to zip through the world's oceans with such seemingly effortless grace. Naval architects consider dolphins to be nature's prototype for streamlined speed and power. Their tapered body contours reduce drag through the water and their oscillating tail flukes generate efficient, powerful thrust. Some marine engineers are even experimenting with how to transition ship propellers toward a dolphin-like, "flapping foil" technology in an effort to dramatically increase propulsion efficiency.
Photographer Chris Fallows captured this image off the east coast of South Africa, where common dolphins are frequently seen interacting with passing ships. But not every individual wins the game of catch-me-if-you-can against swift-moving steel opponents. (Commercial ships plow the waters at average speeds of 37 kph [23 mph].) Accidental strikes are common in areas of heavy maritime traffic, where dolphins have trouble hearing or seeing a ship's approach amidst other subsurface buzz. The increase in numbers of ship strikes in recent years has led some conservation organizations to advocate for better-enforced speed limits and rerouting of shipping lanes to avoid areas that host dense numbers of marine mammals. Under ideal conditions, dolphins can anticipate nearby ships—and stay just ahead of their massive curves.
East Coast of South Africa
Chris Fallows
Katie Jewett


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exception and throw it back to the caller End Try End Sub
Once again, the two overloaded public methods expose the SQLCE table that is to be synchronized and an optional argument that determines whether the changes should be made in the context of a single transaction. If the batching option is used, then the server agent starts a transaction on the SQL Server before issuing any INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statements. If any errors occur, the server agent rolls back the entire transaction. When not in batch mode, each row that is synchronized is treated as an independent or implicit transaction. In either case, all rows that cause errors when synchronized with SQL Server are copied to the error table specified in the method, along with the OLE DB error message, the time the error occurred, and the OLE DB error number. This ensures that applications can be aware of all the rows that will have conflicts on the server, even when using batch mode. It is also important to note that because server-level tracking is not supported by RDA, the server agent simply uses optimistic concurrency (it does not lock records when a Pull occurs). As a result, RDA defaults to a "last one in wins" scenario, whereby the last device to synchronize data will have its changes persisted to the database. Once again, this is the reason why RDA is best suited for applications whose data is naturally well partitioned.
It is important to note that the error table is cleaned out before each Push method, and so, it will reflect only the errors from the most recent synchronization. In addition, when not in batch mode, rows that cause errors will be deleted from the tracked SQLCE table after being added to the error table. This implies that applications must be designed to read from the error table, allow the user to fix the data, and subsequently merge the data back into the original table to be pushed back to the server at a later time. However, because sophisticated conflict resolution is not supported by RDA, the majority of the errors encountered will likely be caused by connectivity and security problems or rows being deleted on the server.
Triggers are not supported in SQLCE; however, data modification statements executed against SQL Server during synchronization may cause triggers to fire on the server. For these triggers the SET NOCOUNT ON option should be set so that, if the server sends a message indicating no rows were affected, it won't cause the Push method to throw an exception.
You could imagine that because the RDA class is wrapping the functionality of the SqlCeRemoteDataAccess object (_rda), the class could be extended to keep track of all the tables that were pulled with tracking enabled and then expose a method to synchronize them all. In fact, the code to track the pulled tables is in the private _pull method shown in Listing 7-2, where tracked tables are added to a private ArrayList. This ArrayList can then be iterated using a For Each loop to synchronize all tables in a PushAll method as shown in Listing 7-4.
Public Sub PushAll(ByVal batch As Boolean)'Push all the tracked tables Dim bOpt As RdaBatchOption Dim tab As String If batch Then bOpt = RdaBatchOption.BatchingOn Else bOpt = RdaBatchOption.BatchingOff End If Dim tab As String Dim sqle As New SqlCEUtilException( _ "An error occurred pushing multiple tables") Dim errors As Boolean = False For Each tab In _pulledTables Try _rda.Push(tab, Me.SqlConnectionString, bOpt) Catch ex As SqlCeException'Log the error LogSqlError("RDA.Push of table " & tab,ex) errors = True Dim er As New SqlCeUtilError er.Message = "Could not push table " & tab & _ "[" & ex.Message & "]" er.Number = 100 er.Table = tab sqle.Errors.Add(er) End Try Next'Throw the exception if an error occurred If errors Then Throw sqle End Sub
The PushAll method in Listing 7-2 also ensures that an attempt to synchronize each table is made. If an exception occurs while the table is being processed, it is placed in a custom SqlCeUtilError object and added to a collection of errors in a custom exception class (SqlCeUtilError). If any of the tables has been unsuccessfully synchronized, the method throws the exception after the loop.
You'll notice that this algorithm could be modified to throw the exception on the first table that causes an error, which would be appropriate if the tables are dependent on each other as in the case of order and order details tables.
Beware of SQL Injection Attacks
Since the Code Red and Nimbda attacks of 2001, Microsoft has become much more focused on security, as evidenced by their "Trustworthy Computing" initiative. This has led to products that are secure by default and, therefore, reduce the attack surface for applications built by organizations like yours; however, individual developers also need to be aware of secure coding practices.
One such example is protection against SQL injection attacks. These are attacks whereby a hacker attempts to encode valid, but often destructive, SQL in UI elements that are then unwittingly executed by an application to reveal or destroy confidential data. For example, a typical approach is for a hacker to include a Transact-SQL end of literal string character ('), followed by some destructive SQL, then to append a line comment (--) to invalidate any other Transact-SQL that may come later. These attacks can work on both SQL Server and SQLCE.
To avoid SQL injection attacks, developers should code their applications with the cardinal rule, don't trust user input, in mind. This means that anywhere an application embeds user input in a SQL statement, that input should be checked for validity. For example, to avoid the particular situation just discussed, the developer could replace all single quotes the user entered with two single quotes. Another more generic approach is to use the classes of the System.Text.RegularExpressions namespace to validate the user input using regular expressions so that special characters can be disallowed.
Although most Compact Framework applications are not as inherently prone to such attacks as public Web sites because of their lower profile (the applications are typically used by a smaller user base, only when the application is installed on the device), Compact Framework developers using RDA should still take note. This is because the Pull and SubmitSql methods simply accept SQL statements and do not use command and parameter objects, as do the SqlClient and SqlServerCe Data Providers (discussed in Chapters 4 and 5), which inherently protect against such attacks.
For more information on secure coding practices, see Howard and LeBlanc's book referenced in the "Related Reading" section at the end of this chapter.
The final method exposed by the SqlCeRemoteDataAccess class and the simplest to use is the SubmitSql method. When invoked, the server agent simply executes the Transact-SQL statement passed as an argument to the method against SQL Server. The only caveat is that the method cannot return a result set. The method is quite useful for executing stored procedures in SQL Server to perform data modifications and data cleanup tasks invoked after a successful synchronization. The SubmitSql method of the RDA class developed in this chapter is shown in Listing 7-5.
Public Sub SubmitSql(ByVal sqlString As String)'Validate the argument If sqlString Is Nothing OrElse sqlString.Length = 0 Then Throw New ArgumentNullException("Must supply a SQL statement") End If Try _rda.SubmitSql(sqlString, Me.SqlConnectionString) Catch ex As SqlCeException'Log the error LogSqlError("RDA.SubmitSql with SQL of " & sqlString,ex)'Wrap and throw the exception End Try End Sub


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Kansas State University, USA
Title: Mobilizing rural low-income communities to assess and improve the ecological environment to prevent childhood obesity
Paula K. Peters is Assistant Director, Family and Consumer Sciences, Kansas State Research and Extension, and Associate Professor, Human Nutrition, Manhattan, KS. She currently coordinates Kansas Family and Consumer Sciences Extension programs, directs Kansas Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Education (SNAP-ED), leads program development training for Extension educators, serves on the administrative teams for the KSU College of Human Ecology and Cooperative Extension, and is Principal Investigator on a five year project: "Mobilizing Rural Low-Income Communities to Assess and Improve the Ecological Environment to Prevent Childhood Obesity". She has held elected office and is active in various professional associations including Kansas Nutrition Council, Society for Nutrition Education and Behavior (SNEB), Food and Nutrition Extension Educators Division, Weight Realities Division, and Epsilon Sigma Phi. During her tenure at Kansas State University, she has secured over $40M in competitive grants funded to the university showing her passionate orientation to youth, families, and their communities.
A seven-state multi-disciplinary integrated Research and Extension team implemented a community development intervention with a quasi-experimental design. The hypotheses: community coaching will enhance a community's ability to address identified needs and will result in greater behavior changes in nutrition and physical activity among those caring for 4 year old children. The PROJECT GOAL: to mobilize capacity in communities to create and sustain an environment and culture of healthy eating and physical activity to prevent childhood obesity in low income, young children, living in rural communities. METHODS: The seven partnering states are: IN, KS, ND, OH, SD, and WI. Active Community Coalitions (14) from 7 Intervention and 7 Comparison communities plus 7 Community Coaches (Intervention communities only) completed community assessments prior to implementing an annually selected intervention impacting nutrition and physical activity. A Toolkit of evidence based/informed resources was drafted for their initial use. OBJECTIVES/RESULTS: Community Coalition Self-Assessments are completed annually, Toolkit of Resources was drafted for communities' use, First round of community interventions have been implemented in six states with the seventh state planned for this year, Community Coaches are active with Intervention communities and professional development, Qualitative data collection is occurring via Reflections from students, PDs, and Community Coaches, "Best practices" are being recognized and retained. FUTURE STEPS: enhancement of the Socio-Ecological model of Health Behavior Change for Child Obesity Prevention and Toolkit of Resources, Effective community engagement and coaching are expected to positively impact success, Identified "Best Practices" will be promoted and shared.


4.4 Specifying the Location of the WAR
If the Identity Manager User Application WAR file is in a different directory from the installer, the installer prompts for the path to the WAR.
 1. If the WAR is in the default location, click Restore Default Folder. Or, to specify the location of the WAR file, click Choose and select a location.
 2. Click Next, then continue with Section 4.5, Choosing an Install Folder.


Miguel Bruns Alonso, a student from the Netherlands' Delft University of Technology, has conceived a prototype pen that can measure and reduce the level of the user's stress.
The anti-stress pen features motion sensors and built-in electromagnets that react to the person's nervous system and detect stress. The pen was able to reduce the rate of heart fall by an average of five percent in an experiment performed on various persons.
Miguel Bruns Alonso's anti-stress pen is truly an important accessory in the busy modern world.


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IWU Flat Panel Request Form
IWU Flat Panel Policy
Flat Panel Procurement and Installation Procedures
Flat Panel Displays in Classrooms or Labs
List of current Flat Panel Displays in Conference Rooms
Consider the following before requesting a flat panel HDTV:
Please be aware that consumer electronics, like TV's and Apple TV's have a predictable lifespan, typically between 5-10 years, after which IWU requires the owner to fund the replacement of the equipment, due to the following concerns of aging equipment:
1.expiration of warranty (we purchase 4 or 5-year protection plans with all flat panel Tvs sized 42" and up);
2.perception of quality (unfortunately, the perception of the IWU brand can be negatively influenced by equipment which looks old, unkempt, or damaged);
3.security liability or vulnerability, especially of devices connected to the (wired or wireless) network;
4.availablity of support (labor and parts);
5.efficiency (newer electronics almost always consume less power than older electronics).
6.safety of people who may be in proximity of the electronic devices. Environments with high humidity, exposure to chemicals or excessive dust are more prone to ignite, or melt plastics, which can emit harmful odor.
Financial impact planning
Please be aware that there are financial implications attached to the purchase and installation of a flat panel HDTV.
There are electrical costs, both of installation, and ongoing power consumption.
There are HVAC costs, because electronic devices do emit heat, which can increase the cost of cooling, and can alter the effectiveness of thermostats located nearby,
There are bandwidth issues related to devices connecting to the wired and wireless network. Many new Smart TVs have wireless access points built-in, which can be confusing to mobile devices when not connected to an internet connection.
For these reasons, IWU's Information Technology has instituted a technical equipment refresh cycle, and will encourage you to budget for the replacement of this equipment, starting at about the 5th year after the original purchase. To discuss the predicted life span of equipment in your department or office space, please contact the office of Institutional Media Technologies.


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Photos: Rare Deep-Sea Angler Fish
National Geographic recently posted photographs of the Chaunacops coloratus, a rare and colorful deep-sea angler, which wasn't discovered alive until 2002 when one was spotted near a seamount off the coast of California. A more recent expedition in 2010 turned up six more of the strange-looking fish.
The fish, which is bright red as an adult, seems to change colors during its lifetime with the adolescents being blue and purple colors. Although it's a strong swimmer, the angler also uses its fins to "walk" along the seafloor for shorter distances.
The angler feeds by using its esca, a dangling piece of flesh, as a lure to fixate curious passers-by, which it then ambushes and eats. Scientists suspect that the angler is also luminescent, although this has not been documented yet.
Take a look at the photographs.


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before and only need enough guidance to provide reminders and essential details. Setup instructions should be brief and to the point with supportive information located out-of-line elsewhere.
Large installations are typical in the enterprise environment and can involve many components with a large number of associated cables and parts. The initial setup instructions should remind the user to make sure that all components and parts have been unpacked and located. This will help the user avoid having to stop in the middle of setup because of a missing part.
Employ the UCD process to understand various users' needs.
Work with the product's User-Centered Design (UCD) team to assess the user's requirements and help pick the best approach. Various approaches to providing setup instructions may be more or less appropriate depending on the type and scope of the installation, and the skills and experience of the installation team. Roadmaps, step-by-step instructions, pictorial maps, videos, animations, and Web pages are some examples of ways to deliver setup instructions and related information. The UCD process will ensure that users are involved in the design to determine which approaches are best suited for varying situations.


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Introduction: The Case for Speechwriting
In this chapter, we introduce the practice of speechwriting by basing it on the classical foundation of the art of rhetoric. We acknowledge our indebtedness to Greek and Roman developments of rhetorical theories as foundational to the practice of speechwriting. We detail the depth and spread of the utility of speechwriting from ancient time to contemporary experiences. The chapter highlights the usefulness of speechwriting in the political and business arenas as primary areas where speechwriters can be found. The chapter also pays special attention to the anomaly between the technological advances that have come along to assist the practice of speaking in public and the high degree to which the art of public speaking has not changed much since antiquity.


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Caries or Tooth Decay
|Caries is not common in dogs and rare in cats. This is mainly because the shape of their teeth tends not to allow retention of food material. When it is seen it may be associated with the feeding of human treats – biscuits etc.
Effectively the tooth rots away until much of the crown is lost. Specialist treatment can be possible when lesions are caught early – however, extraction is often the only answer.
As with caries in people - these lesions are painfull and can lead to tooth root abscesses developing.
As a rule - careous or decaying teeth should be investigated
Did You Know?
Using a disclosing solution can demonstrate how much plaque is present in even a seemingly healthy mouth.


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Increment/ Decrement Operators
Increment/ Decrement operators are also called unary operators. Another name of these operators is also counter operator. These are two as ++ (increment operator) and — (Decrement Operator). Increment operators are used for incrementing the value one by one. Similarly decrement operator are used for decrementing the value one by one. These are further subdivided into two categories:
- Prefix Operator
- Postfix Operator
In C programming language prefix increment operator, first of all value will be incremented and then incremented value will be assigned to a variable. Similarly prefix decrement operator will decrement the value and then the decremented value will be assigned to the variable. The general way is represented as:
++v; --v; where v is variable
In C programming language postfix increment operator, first of all value will be assigned to the variable and then it will be incremented. Similarly in the postfix decrement operator, value will be assigned and then it will be decremented.
v++; v--; where v is variable
Take a look at the example below to see what's the difference between postfix and prefix increment/ Decrement operators.
For ex – x is a variable having value 7 and then y is another variable which will be computed by using x variable.
x=7; x=7; y=++x;(prefix Increment) y=x++;(postfix increment) After Processing The value of y be 8 The value of y be 7 The value of x be 8 The value of y be 8
Similarly Decrement prefix/postfix operators work.


text: Connected coverage, which reflects how well a target field is monitored under the base station, is the most important performance metrics used to measure the quality of surveillance that wireless sensor networks (WSNs) can provide. To facilitate the measurement of this metrics, we propose two novel algorithms for individual sensor nodes to identify whether they are on the coverage boundary, i.e., the boundary of a coverage hole or network partition. Our algorithms are based on two novel computational geometric techniques called localized Voronoi and neighbor embracing polygons. As compared to previous work, our algorithms can be applied to WSNs of arbitrary topologies. They are also truly distributed and localized by merely needing the minimal position information of one-hop neighbors and a limited number of simple local computations, and thus are of high scalability and energy efficiency. We show the correctness and efficiency of our algorithms by theoretical proofs and extensive simulations.


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Change in pulse transit time and pre-ejection period during head-up tilt-induced progressive central hypovolaemia
- 327 Downloads
Traditional vital signs such as heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) are often regarded as insensitive markers of mild to moderate blood loss. The present study investigated the feasibility of using pulse transit time (PTT) to track variations in pre-ejection period (PEP) during progressive central hypovolaemia induced by head-up tilt and evaluated the potential of PTT as an early non-invasive indicator of blood loss.
About 11 healthy subjects underwent graded head-up tilt from 0 to 80°. PTT and PEP were computed from the simultaneous measurement of electrocardiogram (ECG), finger photoplethysmographic pulse oximetry waveform (PPG-POW) and thoracic impedance plethysmogram (IPG). The response of PTT and PEP to tilt was compared with that of interbeat heart interval (RR) and BP. Least-squares linear regression analysis was carried out on an intra-subject basis between PTT and PEP and between various physiological variables and sine of the tilt angle (which is associated with the decrease in central blood volume) and the correlation coefficients (r) were computed.
During graded tilt, PEP and PTT were strongly correlated in 10 out of 11 subjects (median r = 0.964) and had strong positive linear correlations with sine of the tilt angle (median r = 0.966 and 0.938 respectively). At a mild hypovolaemic state (20–30°), there was a significant increase in PTT and PEP compared with baseline (0°) but without a significant change in RR and BP. Gradient analysis showed that PTT was more responsive to central volume loss than RR during mild hypovolaemia (0–20°) but not moderate hypovolaemia (50–80°).
PTT may reflect variation in PEP and central blood volume, and is potentially useful for early detection of non-hypotensive progressive central hypovolaemia. Joint interpretation of PTT and RR trends or responses may help to characterize the extent of blood volume loss in critical care patients.
Keywordspulse transit time (PTT) pulse transmission time pre-ejection period head-up tilt hypovolaemia blood loss
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Quebec Competencies Chart - Viewing a Crime Drama
Author: Mark Zamparo
Level: Secondary Cycle Two
Subject Area: English Language Arts
Lesson Link: Viewing a Crime Drama
Description: In this lesson students explore how the stereotypes and technical devices used in television crime dramas impact real life attitudes and perceptions about crime. Technical devices explored include elements such as film and shooting techniques, lighting, music, sound effects, recurring visual patterns, plot and characterization. Stereotypes that are discussed include representation of policemen, policewomen, criminals, women, old people, teenagers and minorities. This lesson also provides students with a series of key media concepts that can be applied to this genre.
Cross-curricular Competencies
Broad Areas of Learning
 - To use information
 - To solve problems
 - To exercise critical judgment
 - To be creative
 - To adopt effective work methods
 - To work with others
 - To communicate appropriately
 - Media Literacy
 - Citizenship and Community Life
COMPETENCY 1 uses language/talk to communicate and to learn
 - Compares the affordances of written, media and multimodal languages in achieving a specific purpose
 - Constructs criteria for choosing the mode of spoken language in a specific context, by considering audience needs and demands of the context
COMPETENCY 2 Reads and listens to written, spoken and media texts
Constructing a Reading of a Text
 - Focuses on a topic and/or issue that is of interest to her/him to construct an efferent reading, (e.g. makes sense of the text by coming to terms with the ways in which a topic has been developed by a writer/producer)
 - Draws inferences from a text
Reader, Text, Context
Draws inferences about the view of the world presented in a text
 - Identifies dominant elements and interprets their use, e.g. point of view, specific literary conventions, structure and sequence of argument, patterns of cause and effect
 - Identifies the characteristics of the writer/producer and evaluates how these influence meaning, i.e. how stance, socio-cultural context, values and/or beliefs shape the world of the text
 - Explores how power relationships are constructed in the text
 - Examines how language (word, sound and image) is shaped to present ideas and information
 - Makes connections between the depiction of different groups in texts and the context or setting of a text
Distinguishes between "open" and "closed" texts:
 - analyzes the degree to which the text may be considered "open" to multiple perspectives/ interpretations (i.e. is complex enough to allow different perspectives to emerge) and interprets how these influence the view of the world presented.
 - analyzes the degree to which the text may be considered "closed" to multiple perspectives (i.e. runs along formulaic lines that indicate its lack of complexity and make only a limited number of perspectives possible) and interprets how this influences the view of the world, e.g. in a pulp romance novel or a comic book, recognizes some elements of plot structure that are formulaic and repetitive
Justifies her/his interpretation(s) of texts on the basis of own fluency as a reader
 - Evaluates the way specific codes and conventions of a spoken/written/media text are employed to have an impact upon the assumptions, actions, values and beliefs of readers:
 - codes and conventions of a specific genre that are employed to have an impact on readers in general or on a target audience in particular
 - mode(s) of representation (sound, word and image) that influence the message(s)/meaning(s) of a text and how these reveal the intention(s) of the writer/producer(s)
 - linguistic and textual features that situate or position the reader, e.g. connotations and denotations, stereotypes and bias, aspects of characterization and setting that evoke a specific emotion or response, appeals to mainstream values and beliefs
 - issues and topics that present alternative values, beliefs, lifestyles in order to evaluate meanings for self as part of a process of interpreting a text
 - features and conventions of favourite genres and how these are used to special effect, e.g. in a mystery or a romance novel, in a magazine article
 - Interrelates characteristics of the writer/producer(s) of a text and self as a reader:
 - identifies characteristics of the writer/producer(s) of a text and applies this knowledge to determine how the text is designed to appeal to self as a reader, e.g. writer's style, producer's values or intent
 - evaluates a perspective or point of view and its impact on self as reader
 - recognizes the use of rhetorical strategies, e.g. use of first person to convey attitudes and feelings about an issue/topic, appeals to common beliefs or values in a culture, appeals designed to evoke a certain age group
 - recognizes how authors and producers of written persuasion and argument, whose views are accorded great respect in our society and culture, influence her/his interpretation(s), i.e. in particular, of what can be considered factual, objective
 - analyzes the representation of different groups, including interest groups, in the press in relation to controlling ideas, opinions, main ideas
 - Makes inter-textual connections between texts read in and out of class:
 - compares and contrasts alternative and mainstream values, mores, lifestyles within a range of literary and popular narratives
 - compares and contrasts the socio-cultural, literary or historical contexts and conventions in texts
COMPETENCY 3 Produces texts for personal and social purposes
Characterizing an Audience
Investigates how different target audiences use and respond to particular texts:
 - identifies factors that constitute a target audience and evaluates how media texts are shaped to suit them
Public and Private Space
Conducts a genre analysis:
 - compares and contrasts texts within a social function, i.e. Why do people produce them? Who has access to these texts? Do they serve the same purpose? How do they communicate the values of a community?
 - evaluates the structures, features, codes and conventions used
 - evaluates the affordances of genre and mode, e.g. why a news article works better in a certain situation than a memoir
 - examines how language (sound, word and image) is shaped:
 - to represent and/or exclude people, events, ideas and information
 - to organize and develop ideas
 - for special effect
Applying Codes and Conventions
 - Explores the representation of gender, race, appearance, culture, social class
Planning and Drafting
 - Uses strategies to work out ideas, plan and draft, e.g. concept map, free writing, storyboard
Going Public
 - Makes final adjustments before presentation


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Landscape fabric is one of the easiest ways to keep weeds out of your beautiful garden. Landscaping fabrics are made from woven polypropylene or burlap, and can be installed in your garden beds to prevent unwanted growth, create pathways and flower beds, and even protect your plants from unwanted critters searching for something to snack on.
You can install your own landscape fabric in ten easy steps, but first, make sure you have these gardening tools:
- You want a clean start, so begin by ridding your garden of any existing weeds.
- Using your tiller or garden fork, turn your soil. If you're choosing to use any compost or soil additives, this is the time to add them. You won't be able to add to the soil once you've laid your landscaping fabric.
- To smooth the area, use your rake to clear the soil of any extra debri like sticks, rocks, or roots. Dispose of all debris, and then rake over the soil once more.
- Lay your roll of fabric down at one end of the garden, and unroll to the desired length.
- Now take out your scissors knife. Cut this long piece of fabric so it covers the entire area. You'll also want to cut additional large sized pieces of fabric. Overlap these extra pieces by 12 inches for added protection against weeds managing to escape through the gaps.
- Use your knife to cut slits in the fabric where you already have plants. Place these lit around the base of the plant's stem.
- You don't want your new garden bed to have unsightly bunches of lumps, so take this time to smooth the cover over your soil.
- Push a landscape staple into the fabric every few three or so feet. Make sure you secure all edges as well as the places where two sheets of fabric meet or overlap.
- Now you're ready to place your new plants. Cut an X into the fabric according to your new garden plan. Dig a hole where you've placed the X. Now you can place your plant. Cover the exposed roots with extra soil, and place the landscape cover back over the soil.
- Once you've completed planting all of your new plants, cover the entire landscape fabric with two inches mulch. You want mulch around your plants as well, but be careful not to pile it up against the fragile stems.