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Beirut Exhibition Center holds artwork from artists from 1880 to 1975 with the artistic components being Lebanese. The different art exhibitions demonstrate societal, political and literary vicissitudes including the constructive transformations that fashioned the current Lebanon. The pictures presented throughout the museum demonstrate different themes and artistic styles. The commonest themes comprise of the emancipation of the female gender, man's fate during the various wars, individual expressions and religious art. Several paintings are eye-catching due to their uniqueness relative to other paintings with vivid overlapping themes.
Buy Beirut Exhibition Center essay paper online
Mohammed El Rawas is a Lebanese artist who provided several exhibitions in Beirut Exhibition Center. The artist is categorized as a creative deconstructionist, owing to the style of his works. Most of the El Rawas paintings are mixed media that have been assembled on plywood panels of varying sizes. Oil and acrylics have also been exploited in various paintings throughout El Rawas works.
The presented picture demonstrated overlapping themes with clear depiction of various artistic components. The picture has a shipping vessel at the bottom, an ocean with outraging waters above the shipping vessel, a portrait of person and an eagle above his head. The different depictions appear to overlap each another with the shipping vessel being the bottommost, followed by the outraging waters then the portrait of the person and finally the eagle. However, the presented items are well-organized to create a unique artistic style since the demarcations between the different pieces intermarry.
Additionally, the piece's colors are well balanced to create an outstanding outlook. The piece has a labyrinth representation that implies that the piece has different and overlapping themes mainly related to the sea. The outline of the piece is well presented as mixed media placed on the plywood panel. The texture of the piece is also well refined to offer good visual to the viewers. The piece generates an emotional glint, considering its outstanding features and representation. The piece outdoes reality since the shipping vessel is supposed to be above the sea and not below the sea, which implies that the piece is symbolic in nature.
Khalil Zgaib presented several pieces to different Lebanese galleries for exhibitions. He dealt with the multiples modernity category of artwork and demonstrated adequate skills throughout his existence. He was considered a primitive and self-styled painter, owing to the presentation of different country scenes that portrayed colorful designs. The artist represented life in Lebanon using child-like designs, unlike the original primitive style.
The picture presents various scenes with children playing on the normal swings tied on a series of trees while other swings are placed on manmade supports. The piece demonstrates irony in the fact that the manmade swings, which are weaker relative to the natural or tree-supported swings, carry more people. The tree-supported swings, which are stronger, are used by only a single individual. The trees are arranged in an attractive artistic manner with the leaves and twigs making unique artistic patterns. The coloring of the piece is well balanced to offer outstanding visual appeals. The outline of this piece is outstanding in relation to the arrangement of various artistic components.
Under the trees, other artistic expressions are evident, which give the painting an overlapping thematic outlook. One of the swings carries individuals with similar attires while the other swing carries individuals with different attires with the one group being the majority. A woman and a male counterpart are under the trees although they seem to be engaged in different activities at different locations. The piece also presents an animal carrying a cart with people on the cart. The piece is a symbolic representation of the social life within the Lebanese context. The colorful designs have an artistic meaning with regard to the painter's main themes.
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I am trying to generate a set of N random numbers where the set has a normal distribution.
I'm currently using a brute force approach:
 1. Randomly select N numbers from a normal distribution.
 2. Check the set's standard deviation (more important than mean).
 3. If it is the best set so far, keep it.
 4. Repeat 10000 times, and use the best set.
Is there any better approach? Anyone know where I could look?
Thanks in advance!
share|cite|improve this question
If you stop after step 1, then you already have a sample from a normal distribution. I don't think it makes any sense to say that any particular set has a normal distribution. I guess you are trying to maximize the likelihood that this particular sample came from a normal distribution, given some meta-distribution of possible distributions? – Dan Brumleve Oct 11 '11 at 4:36
Look at this article for ideas. The usual pseudo-random number generators give you, more or less, random variables uniformly distributed on $[0,1]$. Given such a generator, you can fiddle with it to get a standard normal. The Box-Muller method is good, not hard to implement. To simulate a normal with mean $\mu$, standard deviation $\sigma$, multiply by $\sigma$, add $\mu$. Repeat $5000$ times to get your simulated sample. – André Nicolas Oct 11 '11 at 4:48
André: That's currently what I'm doing. I was just curious if there was a way to avoid the "repeat 5000 times" step. – sharoz Oct 11 '11 at 4:58
_USER_, I don't think it makes sense. Using Box-Muller in step 1, you have a sample from a normal distribution. Rejecting and iterating gives you a sample from some other distribution no matter what criteria are used. What good is it for it to appear normal if it is actually not? (Although now I am curious exactly what distribution does this procedure produce?) – Dan Brumleve Oct 11 '11 at 5:36
If you sample 10 values... and get all 0s, the normality is dubious. // Since we are considering sample variances, I might refer you to this, if only to stress that the empirical variance of a sample is itself random, and liable, in principle, to take any positive value whatsoever. – Did Oct 11 '11 at 6:50
1 Answer 1
up vote 4 down vote accepted
Assume we are talking about a standard normal distribution with zero mean and unit variance. For the observer to be able to answer the question "is this sample from a standard normal distribution?" with a high probability of correctness, he needs to know the distribution of distributions from which the sample may have been generated. The probability that the observer will guess "yes" is maximized when the sample is generated from a standard normal distribution, assuming that is possible. So according to my interpretation, you should use the values generated by Box-Muller in step 1 without inspecting them.
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Repeating comment from above: I should say that this is for a perception experiment. If you sample 10 values from a normal distribution and get all 0s, it is technically a random set (albeit unlikely). However, someone looking at it would say that it appears to have low variance. See figure 1 here – sharoz Oct 11 '11 at 6:41
I skimmed the paper and I think my answer still applies. If you are trying to determine the perceptual threshold for normally-distributed orientation variance, then you should stop at step 1. Otherwise you are using a distribution that is not normal. Also, you should generate a new random image for each perception experiment to maximize the SNR. – Dan Brumleve Oct 11 '11 at 6:48
Very well. One step it is. Thanks for the help and info! – sharoz Oct 11 '11 at 6:52
You are welcome sir. – Dan Brumleve Oct 11 '11 at 6:53
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Tabular Data Digitizing
Digitizing all your tables
Spreadsheets weren't always made on computers and there are millions of these documents in non-digital files everywhere. We process thousands of these documents a day with our state-of-the-art OCR. It can extract the text from any tabular document using our proprietary algorithms and make that data relevant again.
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Upload your directory to our secure cloud. Our crawler can handle any file type you throw at it. Including PDF, PNG,.DOC, etc.
Using a custom neural net, our crawler is trained to move through all folders and files in your directory looking for specific documents. Gamma ray curves and tabular data are usually the most valuable core data, so these are moved into separate folders.
Using Nspect, our powerful Machine Learning based OCR, text is extracted from the document. The data is extracted and relationships are formed.
The data is then generated and transmitted to the customer in their preferred database format. (.JSON,.csv, etc.)

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
'This village is only 20 km away from a town Bijelo Polje, but life in the village is very different and a primary school doesn't even have an English teacher. I decided to organize the classes so that the students would have some basic knowledge of English when they go to middle school and not be behind their peers,' says Jelena.
In the course of two months she taught the students elementary vocabulary and grammar on a wide range of topics, including school life, family and friends, sport and nature. When studying the topic of sport Jelena played basketball with her students. As a result of the FLEX alumna's classes the students are now able to hold simple conversations in English and are motivated to continue learning the language further.
To mark the school's 90th anniversary Jelena also planted 100 trees in the school yard together with her students. The trees were donated by the FLEX alumna and the students will continue taking care of them in the years to come.


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Library Services for Patrons Experiencing Homelessness
An Infopeople Online Learning Course
Course Instructor: Julie Winkelstein
- Would you like to provide meaningful library services to library patrons experiencing homelessness?
- Are you concerned about how to balance the needs of all your library users?
- Do you find yourself questioning the rules and policies of your library related to those experiencing homelessness but aren't sure how to create good alternatives?
This course will provide you with the tools you need to navigate the world of services to people experiencing homelessness and figure out your library's place in that world. We will look at real life examples of the challenges faced by libraries and their patrons, and the approaches individual libraries are taking, including a number of ways libraries are collaborating with local agencies.
This course will also explore…
- The ways in which unstably housed persons use libraries and the role of libraries in their lives
- Why libraries should be part of the caring community surrounding those experiencing homelessness
- The challenges faced by unaccompanied LGBTQ+ youth experiencing homelessness
- Actionable goals for your library and how to address barriers to meeting those goals
Join instructor Julie Winkelstein as she expertly guides you through short and long-term approaches to addressing homelessness at your library.
Course Description: This four-week online course will provide weekly readings, practical assignments, and discussion forums for sharing ideas and experiences. The instructor will provide essential resources, best practices, and useful tips and techniques that can be applied immediately in your library.
Course Outline: When you log in to the Infopeople online learning site, you will see weekly modules with these topics:
- Week 1: Homelessness Background
- What does it mean to be experiencing homelessness?
- Who is experiencing homelessness in the United States and how do we know?
- What are some common terms related to homelessness and homeless services?
- What challenges do those living on the streets face?
- Why should libraries be addressing a social issue like homelessness?
- Week 2: Homelessness and Libraries
- What are the information needs of those experiencing homelessness?
- How are people who are unstably housed using libraries?
- What are some examples of the library experiences of those experiencing homelessness?
- Which library policies and procedures might create barriers to service for these folks?
- What is library culture? What is the culture of homelessness? How are they different? How can we learn to communicate effectively and respectfully with those from a different culture from our own?
- What are the stereotypes of homelessness and libraries and what barriers do these stereotypes create?
- Week 3: LGBTQ+ Youth Experiencing Homelessness
- Who are unaccompanied LGBTQ+ youth and why and how are they experiencing homelessness?
- What challenges are encountered by being young, LGBTQ+ and unstably housed?
- How are these young people using libraries?
- What are some of their unique information and library needs?
- Week 4: What Can Libraries Do?
- How can libraries create meaningful partnerships in their communities?
- What are some goals that could be set for addressing issues related to library users who are experiencing homelessness?
- What barriers might you encounter?
- What are some short-term and/quick actions that can be taken?
- What are some long-term actions libraries can take?
Time Required: To complete this course, you can expect to spend 2½ hours per week, for a total of ten course hours. Each week's module contains readings and various options for assignments, discussions, or online meetings. You can choose the options most relevant to your work and interests. Although you can work on each module at your own pace, at any hour of the day or night, it is recommended that you complete each week's work within that week to stay in sync with other learners.
Who Should Take This Course: Library staff and administrators in all types of libraries. Public Library Staff and Administrators will find this particularly useful.
Online Learning Details and System Requirements may be found at: infopeople.org/training/online_learning_details.
After the official end date for the course, the instructor will be available for limited consultation and support for two more weeks, and the course material will stay up for an additional two weeks after that. These extra weeks give those who have fallen behind time to work independently to complete the course.
Keywords: Customer service, Outreach, Partnerships, Public services


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Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
- Having several front teeth: noting the insectivorous or carnivorous dentition of marsupials, in which the incisors are small, several, and much alike, and the canines large and specialized: contrasted with diprotodont.
- n. A polyprotodont marsupial.
Sorry, no example sentences found.
'polyprotodont' hasn't been added to any lists yet.
Looking for tweets for polyprotodont.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
I run a photography website where each user has its own subdomain (i.e. user.site.com). I'm thinking of adding user groups but I'm unable to decide if I should also associate a separate subdomain or simply a subfolder for each group:
- Easier to maintain from a tehnical p.o.v.
- Harder to memorize.
- The URLs can get really long (_URL_
- Easier to memorize.
- Shorter URLs.
- One might have the impression that such an URL is somewhat more "independent" from the main site.
- Group and user names belong to the same name space, so we need to check for collisions when creating a new user/group.
- One cannot determine the content of the page by only reading the URL: Is x.site.com a user page or a group page?
What's your opinion on the matter? I should note that DeviantArt.com uses the 2nd option (that's where I got the idea). Thank you in advance!


Medical social work
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Britain and Ireland[edit]
Medical social workers in Britain and Ireland were previously known as Almoners, or Hospital Almoners. In Ireland, the origins of medical social workers go back to Dr. Ella Webb, who, in 1918, established a dispensary for sick children in the Adelaide Hospital in Dublin, and to Winifred Alcock, who trained as an Almoner and worked with Dr. Webb in her dispensary.[1]
In 1945, the Institute of Almoners in Britain was formed, which, in 1964, was renamed as the Institute of Medical Social Workers. The Institute was one of the founder organizations of the British Association of Social Workers, which was formed in 1970. In Britain, medical social workers were transferred from the National Health Service (NHS) into local authority Social Services Departments in 1974, and generally became known as hospital social workers.
United States[edit]
The Massachusetts General Hospital was the first American hospital to have professional social workers on site, in the early 1900s. The position was created by Richard Clarke Cabot to help patients to deal with areas of their life that made treatment difficult. This was important from an epidemiological point of view, as it made it easier to control and prevent outbreaks of syphilis and tuberculosis.[2]
The medical social worker profession[edit]
Role and required skills[edit]
Medical social workers play a critical role plan that will meet the patient's needs and allow the patient to leave the hospital in a timely manner. There are a number of factors that influence the timing of discharge; in private, community hospitals, it can be costly to allow patients to remain inpatient when it is no longer medically necessary. Discharge delays can prove costly to the hospital and to the patient depending on the patient's funding source.
For example, a medical provider informs the medical social worker that a patient will soon be "cleared for discharge" and will need in-home services. Depending on the setting, it may be the medical social worker's responsibility to arrange in-home services to coincide with the patient's discharge date. If the home care service is not in place at time of discharge, the patient may not be able to leave the hospital, resulting in a delay in discharge and the patient being placed on alternate level of care status (that is, deemed no longer requiring acute level of medical care, for which the hospital will receive a substantially lower rate of payment) until the necessary services are arranged.
Another skill required of medical social workers is the ability to work cooperatively with other members of the multidisciplinary treatment team who are directly involved in the patient's care. Medical social workers also need to have excellent analytical and assessment skills, an ability to communicate clearly with both patients and staff, and an ability to quickly and effectively establish a therapeutic relationship with patients. But of paramount importance, medical social workers must be willing to act as advocates for the patients, especially in situations where the medical social worker has identified problems that may compromise the discharge and put the patient at risk.
For example, a medical provider may report that a frail elderly patient, who lives alone, is medically stable for discharge and plans to discharge the patient home with in-home services. After assessing the patient's psychosocial needs, the medical social worker determines that the patient does not have the ability to manage at home safely even with the intervention of a home care worker. The medical social worker informs the medical provider that the proposed discharge plan may place the patient at risk and the discharge plan is deferred pending further assessment. The medical social worker can then collaborate with multidisciplinary providers to develop a more appropriate discharge plan even if that leads to discharge delays.
Medical social workers value the ethical concept of patient self-determination although this value can conflict with the values and ethics of other disciplines in a medical setting. Medical social workers strive to preserve the patient's right to make his or her own decisions about goals of care, treatment planning, discharge, etc. as long as the patient is capable of making those decisions him/herself. Patients often make decisions that medical professionals disagree with but the medical social worker advocates for the patient's right to self-determination. If the patient is not able to make his/her own decisions based on a cognitive or other impairment, the right of self-determination can be superseded by concern that a patient is a risk to self or others.
As medical social workers often have large case-loads and have to meet tight deadlines for arranging necessary services, medical social work is a demanding job. Medical social workers often deal with highly complex cases involving patients who come into the hospital with multiple psycho-social issues, all of which require assessment and treatment. It is not uncommon for medical social workers to treat cases involving homelessness, chronic unemployment, lack of income, lack of health insurance coverage, history of incarceration, and substance abuse problems. Any of these problems, separately and together, can impede timely discharge. Sometimes situations as seemingly mundane as the patient needing bus fare or a decent pair of shoes can lead to delays in discharge, especially if these needs are not identified quickly and early. This is why a complete and timely assessment of the patient's psychosocial needs is critical.
 1. ^ Kearney, N and Skehill, C (2005). Social work in Ireland: historical perspectives. Institute of Public Administration. ISBN 1-904541-23-2, ISBN 978-1-904541-23-3
 2. ^ Beder, J. (2006).Hospital Social Work: The interface of medicine and caring. Routlege: New York
External links[edit]


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Canada is the leading country in the world for production of Uranium. In Africa the leading states in the production of Uranium includes: Namibia, South Africa and Niger. Tanzania is going to join the train soon due to its high deposit of this metal in many places.
Mkuju Uranium Project: is located within the national park. Villagers were once forced to quit the place so as it can be used for nationalpark purposes. Now the area was opened for Uranium exploration.
UNESCO prohibits carrying out any activity which could cause harmful effects to the living organisms located in the Heritage site. This project is estimated to contain 82.3 tones of Uranium Deposit in an area of 3225 Kilometres.
Permission to drill for Uranium in Selous Game Reserve
About 80% of the project is located inside the Selous game reserve. The Mantra (MRU) has been granted permission by the relevant government authority to undertake uranium drilling all year round. The current President of Tanzania, Jakaya Kikwete understands and supports the mining industry, having served as the Minister for Energy and Minerals under a previous government.
Yellow Cake production will use the water of the Mkuju River. See production flow sheet at pg 6. See prospect location pg 2 and pg 6.
Selous Game Reserve
Selous became a hunting reserve in 1905 and was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1982 due to the diversity of its wildlife and undisturbed nature.
The most significant threats are related to exploration and extraction of minerals, oil and gas, and large infrastructure plans; environmental impact assessments need to be conducted for all development activities in the vicinity of the property that are likely to have an impact of the property's Outstanding Universal Value.
The uranium mine will embrace adjacent wetland Bahi which is used for farming. Each ton of uranium leaves 99 tons of radioactive sludge which have to be stored indefinitely in open trough. Mining and ore processing will contaminate soil and water of the Mkuju river. Wide area of the Selous Game Reserve will be contaminated by these spills.
 Uranium exploration: Do Tanzanians know the dangers it poses to them? 2This Day, The Voice of Transparency,3.12.2010
 Sleeping giant. Mantra Spec Buy. Research Argonaut 19.02.2009
 Selous Game Reserve. UNESCO World Heritage Convention
 Uranmine bedroht Weltnaturerbe. Rettet den Regenwald. 20.05.2011.
20.05.2011: Genetics may reduce impact of African trypanosomiasis in cattle
Human African trypanosomiasis, or sleeping sickness is a parasitic disease of people and animals, caused by protozoa of the species Trypanosoma brucei and transmitted by the tsetse fly. The disease is endemic in some regions of sub-Saharan Africa.
According to the World Health Organization around 30,000 Africans a year get sleeping sickness mainly in sub-Saharan African nations and disease of cattle leads to annual losses of up to $5 billion.
Goodhead et al 2011 report the finding of two genes which may help cattle breeders to select animals more able to survive an infection of Trypanosoma congolense, such as the humpless West African breed which is less susceptible to the disease compared with the high susceptible humped breed. However, the resistant humpless cattle is smaller, produce less milk, and is less docile than the humped the humped breed.
Trypanosoma congolense is responsible for the disease nagana in cattle and other animals including sheep, pigs, goats, horses and camels, as well as laboratory mice. It is spread by tsetse flies.
Laboratory mice, infected by trypanosomes presented different survival time after infection is controlled by three genomic regions Tir1, Tir2 and Tir3 which contain over one thousand genes. In these regions two genes, Pram1 at Tir1 and Cd244 at Tir3, were found to reduce survival time, and Tir2 increased survival time after an infection. The Tir2 loci was absent in trypanosomiasis susceptible animals.
These findings may be useful for breeding programs to screen African cattle and find animals which are more resistant to the disease and combine them with traits of increased productivity and drought tolerance.
 Goodhead I, Archibald A, Amwayi P, Brass A, Gibson J, Hall N, Hughes MA, Limo M, Iraqi F, Kemp SJ, Noyes HA. A comprehensive genetic analysis of candidate genes regulating response to Trypanosoma congolense infection in mice. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2010 Nov 9;4(11):e880.
19.05.2011: Dengue virus
Dengue is a mosquito-borne infection that causes a severe flu-like illness, and sometimes a potentially lethal complication called dengue haemorrhagic fever. Dengue is transmitted by several species of mosquito within the Aedes genus, principally Aedes aegypti which acquired the virus an infected persons or monkeys. There is no vaccine. Prevention concentrates on reducing the habitat and the number of mosquitoes and limiting exposure to bites. The incidence of dengue has grown dramatically around the world in recent decades. Some 2.5 billion people, two fifths of the world's population, are now at risk from dengue.
Laboratory diagnosis methods for confirming dengue virus infection may involve detection of the virus, viral nucleic acid, antigens or antibodies, or a combination of these techniques. After the onset of illness, the virus can be detected in serum, plasma, circulating blood cells and other tissues for 4-5 days. During the early stages of the disease, virus isolation, nucleic acid or antigen detection can be used to diagnose the infection. At the end of the acute phase of infection, serology is the method of choice for diagnosis.
Diagnostic methods: Virus isolation, genome detection, NS1 detection, serology IgM, serology IgG, haematological tests (Platelets and haematocrit values)
There are four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV-1 to 4) causing different symptoms, such as Dengue haemorrhagic fever. Lima et al 2011 investigate the usefulness of NS1 capture tests as an alternative tool to detect DENV in tissue specimens from dengue fatal cases occurred in 2002 in Brazil. The authors evaluated three tests for NS1 antigen capture: first generation Dengue Early ELISA, Platelia NS1 and the rapid test NS1 Ag Strip. The NS1 Ag Strip performed best of all three tests. The authors concluded that DENV NS1 capture assay is a rapid and valuable approach to postmortem dengue confirmation in different tissues.
Polyclonal antibodies against Dengue virus Protein expressed in E.coli
The non-structural 1 (NS1) protein plays an important role in dengue diagnosis. It is present as serum antigen in both primary and secondary infections. Alonso and colleagues 2011 describe a polyclonal antibody produced from the properly folded E. coli recombinant NS1 (rNS1) protein which could detect 100\% of the Dengue virus 2 (DENV2) in infected patients. The study demonstrates the correctly folding rNS1 that maintains its structural and immunogenic properties, enabling an early diagnosis.
Testing saliva for Dengue antibidies in early phase of regions with secondary infections
Yap and colleagues 2011 used an antigen capture anti-DENV IgA (ACA) ELISA technique to test saliva samples for Dengue antibodies. The sensitivity within 3 days from fever onset was over 36\% in primary dengue infections, and 100\% in secondary infections,within 1 Day after fever onset. Testing saliva is much cheaper then performing tests on venous blood. The authors suggest that saliva should be tested to detects dengue virus (DENV)-specific immunoglobulin A (Ig A) early in the phase of a dengue infection.
 WHO: Dengue Guidelines for Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Control 2009
 Lima Mda R, Nogueira RM, Schatzmayr HG, de Filippis AM, Limonta D, Dos Santos FB: A New Approach to Dengue Fatal Cases Diagnosis: NS1 Antigen Capture in Tissues. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2011 May 3;5(5):e1147.
 Allonso D, da Silva Rosa M, Coelho DR, da Costa SM, Nogueira RM, Bozza FA, Santos FB, de Barcelos Alves AM, Mohana-Borges R: Polyclonal antibodies against properly folded Dengue virus NS1 protein expressed in E. coli enable sensitive and early dengue diagnosis. J Virol Methods. 2011 May 4.
.Yap G, Sil BK, Ng LC: Use of saliva for early dengue diagnosis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2011 May 10;5(5):e1046
16.05.2011:Pigs may transmit ebolavirus to other animals and humans
Reston ebolavirus, an ebolavirus which is not pathogen to humans, was detected in pigs in the Philippines, and specific antibodies were found in pig farmers which did not develop the disease.
Kobinger et al 2011, found that the human highly pathogen Zaire ebolavirus may infect pigs, replicate, cause disease of the respiratory tract and is transmitted to other animals. Shedding


Ongoing Case Management
When the intake assessment and investigations department assesses that a family would benefit from continued involvement with FCCS, the family's case may be transferred to one of our departments that manages ongoing cases.
A family's case will remain open as long as there is a safety threat and the family is in need of services and support. The primary goal of ongoing services is to provide support to a family in a way that addresses threats to the safety and well-being of the children and decreases the likelihood that future concerns will exist.
Ongoing caseworkers who are assigned to work with a family develop a case plan specific to the family's needs. Families are encouraged to be involved in the development of their plan. A caseworker will support the family as they complete the plan and monitor their progress.
Ongoing case management activities include:
 - Referrals to community service providers such as counseling, drug and alcohol abuse services, mental health services, material assistance providers, and others
 - Noting a parent's progress towards completing recommended or court-ordered programs
 - Monitoring each stage of a child's development so that interventions can be made if concerns are identified
Once a family has addressed the concerns and reduced significant risk to the well-being of the children, FCCS will prepare to end its formal involvement with the family.
There are times when special accommodations are needed to ensure that children can meet with their families in a safe environment. Agency staff or a designee facilitate visitation between these children and their families. The visits occur at an agency office, in the community or sometimes in the family's home.
24-Hour Child Abuse Hotline
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General Inquiries
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david wong
Openssl dhparam 2048 posted February 2016
While some people would tell you to use pre-defined Diffie-Hellman parameters (rfc3526, rfc5114) so as not to mess something up during the generation (hum hum socat), others would tell you "hey, look at what happened with logjam and their hardcoded DH params!" and will point you to openssl dhparam to generate your own customized parameters.
But how does it really work? The high level code is less than 450 lines long. It's basically taking several stuff into consideration ("do you want to use 2 or 5 as a generator? No? Let's use 2 anyway!") and then using some DH_generate_parameters() function that will set up everything.
Inside of that function relies probable_prime_dh_safe() that will look for a particular kind of prime as the DH modulus: a safe prime.
A safe prime looks like this: \(2p + 1\) with \(p\) a prime as well.
Actually, we can also say that the function looks for a Sophie Germain prime, a prime \(p\) such that \(2p+1\) is also prime.
Like that you know =), safe primes are not the same as Sophie Germain prime, but they are closely related.
(Not to mix up with strong prime as well, which are just primes that have some properties.)
Another important thing: the function returns a safe probable primes. That is a function that has not been mathematically proven to be a prime (but is close enough).
To do that, first a random number is generated. Then a test called the Miller-Rabin test is applied to the random number a number of time. The more you run the test and the more certainty you get that it is a prime, if the test ever fail you know for sure that the number is not a prime (so a composite) and you need to regenerate a new random number and start again with the tests.
How many times should you apply this test? Enough time so that if everyone tried to generate primes every second for the lifespan of earth we would still have low chances to find a false positive (a composite number passing X tests of Miller-Rabin). The numbers used in OpenSSL come from the table 4.4 in the Handbook of Applied Cryptography.
(To make the test faster a bunch of small primes are first tested as divisors, then some trial divisions follow.)
> _URL_
Actually the code is ~340 lines long, with an additional ~110 lines of comments
very true :)
leave a comment...


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GUI vs Command Line
Two most popular ways to interact with a computer are the Command Line and the GUI (Graphical User Interface). Command line is a text only interface, while GUI is an Interface, composed of graphical symbols. Most of the times, all the general tasks performed using a GUI can be performed by a Command line and vice versa (although when it comes to advanced tasks Command line may be the only option).
What is a GUI?
GUI (pronounced gooey) is a type of interface that allows users to communicate with operating systems in the form of images/animations/audio as opposed to text. This interface presents the user with the information/actions available through graphical objects (like icons). Both mouse and keyboard can be used for the interaction. The user performs actions by directly manipulating graphical objects on the screen.
What is a Command Line?
Command Line (typically known as Command-line interface/interpreter or CLI) is a mechanism that allows interacting with the computer operating system by inputting (typing) commands. This is a text only interface, which only requires input from the keyboard (usually referred to as "entering a command"). Typically, Enter key is pressed at the end of a command, after which the computer will receive, parse and execute that command. The output of the command will be returned back to the terminal as text lines. Output may include a summery of the task and the actual result as well. To insert command in a batch mode, user can use a script file. A script is a file containing an ordered sequence of commands that will complete en entire job.
What is the difference between a GUI and a Command Line?
Most command line interface tasks only require the keyboard, while GUI systems require both the mouse and the keyboard. Therefore, command line users usually do not have to switch their hands between two places. And command line interface usually requires just few lines of code to perform a complicated task. Command line definitely uses fewer resources than a GUI system as a GUI system will load icons, fonts, I/O drivers and other resources. Because of these three reasons, command line users may be able to complete most tasks relatively faster than a GUI user. Command line users can create scripts and save time, while GUI users can do the same with facilities such as creating shortcuts.
Although new users might have to learn how to operate the mouse, GUI is easier to pickup than using the Command line. Unlike GUI, Command Line users need a fair amount of familiarity and need to memorize a number of commands in order to get their jobs done smoothly. But, a command line user has much more control of the file and operating system. And for performing some advanced tasks, command line may be the only option (sometimes). GUI systems inherently make it easy to multitask, by providing graphical means of monitoring several things (process) at once (many command line environments offer multitasking, but it is harder to view several things at once).


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ZOO-ology: Mutations can make odd birds
By Judie Farnsworth
Aug. 5, 2012 at 3:05 a.m.
Red-tailed hawk.
Red-tailed hawk.
I recently received a picture of a peculiar black and white bird.
A few days later, I got a phone call about a similar bird. It looked like a grackle, but it was patchy with white. What was it?
Well, it was indeed a grackle, but why did it look like that?
And, why do some other animals sport rather strange looking colors for their species?
Several interesting conditions involving pigments can result in striking colors and patterns.
Decoding the findings of on-going studies is mind boggling, so in the interest of sanity, mine and possibly yours, a smaller amount of information will hopefully suffice.
The grackle in question may have been a pied or piebald leucistic (loo kis' tic) bird. This is a genetic mutation where, although the various pigment cells (chromatophores) are present, some haven't developed normally or may not be located in typical areas. The result can be a bizarre patchy, bleached or all-white appearance.
Many times, the color or pattern is there, but is just not as recognizable.
Animals/birds with abnormally all-white fur/feathers are usually referred to as just leucistic. They have melanin, but it shows in eye color, skin or pads of the feet.
For comparison, a more familiar, but different condition is albinism. It's a genetic mutation where there is a lack of black (melanin) pigment cells. The entire animal, skin, hair, even eyes are affected instead of only patches.
Albinos, although lacking melanin, may still have faint color from pigment cells other than melanin. In true albinos, the lack of melanin usually results in pink or red eyes, which are a reflection of blood vessels in the eyes.
Albino and leucistic mean the same thing - white. It's a matter of where, how and if color cells are deposited.
Birders sometimes see color oddities; a bleachy looking robin, a white hummingbird, a patchy hawk.
There is an opposite, called melanism, where an abnormal amount of the black pigment (melanin) is present. Color phases or morphs develop when reproductive partners have the same recessive genes.
The red-tail hawk has a dark morph called a Harlan's and a light morph called Krider's.
Typically, birds and animals with abnormal patterns or colors don't live as long, lacking the natural camouflage to avoid predators. In birds, white feathers are often weaker than dark ones and wear out more quickly. They also reflect the sun, which is problematic for birds that sunbathe for warmth.
Abnormal coloring can also make attracting a mate difficult. Some baby birds have spots of color that are a target for parents feeding them. Without a normal coloring, the bird might not be readily fed.
Check out the websites listed below for some great pictures, and the next time you're at the Texas Zoo, see if you can spot some of our peacocks that fit this topic.
Red-tailed hawk photo courtesy of Jim & Deva Burns. leucism
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Volleyball Blocking Tips
Volleyball blocking how to, technique, and important keys to success.
How to Block in Volleyball
Techniques for blocking...
 - Stand in a semi-flexed, stationary position.
 - Hands are out in front of you with palms facing the net.
 - Do a quarter squat jump as you time the attack.
 - One of the most important aspects to blocking is hand positioning.
 - Be sure to penetrate the net.
Penetrate means to get your hands onto the other side as far as possible. Penetration narrows the angles your opponent has to hit in. Penetrating might be the most important part of blocking. If all else fails, remember to penetrate.
Volleyball Blocking
Always remember to penetrate the net and take up a lot of "crossing space"
Keys to Hand Positioning
 - Always penetrate the net. Penetration means reaching over the net. Not contacting the ball on the opponents side while blocking is the most common and critical error made by a blocker.
 - Keep hands far apart while blocking. Most blocks should occur with only one hand or arm making contact with the ball. If you make contact with the ball by both hands, your hands are likely too close together. If the ball is hit between your hands or arms, this is referred to as a "good miss" because most beginners have trouble keeping the hands apart during volleyball blocking.
 - Keep the fingers apart and strong. There should be space between your fingers while you block.
 - Position your hands and arms so the ball will rebound into the court. You want to angle your hands so the ball will be deflected back into your opponents court.
 - Most blocks should be made by the hands, not the arms. If you block the ball with your arms, you probably get tooled a lot. The best volleyball blocking skills involve the technique of penetrating the net, clamping down on the ball, and completing the block with the hands.
Key Points to Blocking
 - Use consistent footwork and learn to time the attacker. You need to get good at reading the play that's unfolding on the other side of the net. The better you are at reading the pass, reading the set, and reading the attacker, the better you'll be at getting in position to block.
 - Getting in the right blocking position is important. However, you also need to understand what good positioning is. Always penetrate the net and angle your hands into the court.
 - Commit to what you are blocking and don't reach. A common error is trying to react and reach for the ball. You don't want to be reaching. You want to focus on blocking the crossing space. Great blockers don't focus on reaching high to block. Great blockers focus on penetrating into the crossing space, extending over the net as far as possible.
 - Know what area you are suppose to block. Are you suppose to block angle while your team covers line? Know what you're suppose to block and commit to it.
Volleyball Blocking Swing Technique
Swing blocking is the technique of volleyball blocking by swinging the arms in an effort to jump higher to block.
This movement involves using the arms, hips, and shoulders to create more effort and force for jumping up to block.
A swing block is like an "approach" for blocking
The swing block is much like the approach prior to spiking. For example, the blocker will take a certain amount of steps to get in position to block. Basically, the blocker is approaching to block.
The swing block just like any other skill in volleyball should be used appropriately. A team likely shouldn't swing block in every situation.
For example, there are times when a swing block won't be effective against a first tempo attack. A team that runs a fast offense will be very difficult to swing block against. Always remember that there will be times that it's better to use conventional blocking methods.
› Blocking


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4 Quick and Easy Steps to Defrosting Your Fridge Freezer
Defrosting your fridge freezer is essential to keep it working efficiently. Whether your appliance is frost free or not, it will benefit from a twice yearly defrost and deep clean. Follow these 4 quick and easy steps to defrosting your fridge freezer.
1. Switch off and unplug
Open all the doors and remove any food from the shelves. It's wise to plan ahead and use up food the week before you defrost, but if this isn't an option, transfer food items to a cooler with some ice bricks. Remember certain food items, especially raw chicken, cannot be refrozen. Keep the doors open throughout the defrosting process to let the warm air circulate.
2. Take out removable trays
The removable trays should click out easily, but if you have ice build up in the freezer you may need to wait for this to melt. Wash the trays with a gentle, non-abrasive cleaning product like dishwashing liquid, and leave to dry.
3. Let the ice melt
This part takes a bit of time. Place towels, a shallow tray or newspaper on the floor around the fridge to soak up puddles from the melting ice. To speed the process along, try filling a bowl with boiling water and placing it in the freezer with the door closed. Open the door every fifteen minutes or so and replace the boiling water. Another option is to use a hairdryer to blow enough warm air into the freezer to dislodge large chunks without needing them to fully melt. If you try this, be sure to take necessary safety precautions. Electrical appliances and water don't mix, so check your hair dryer for frayed cords and keep it away from the water at all times. Once the ice is melting, you can use a plastic spatula to dislodge the ice chunks. Be sure to only use plastic – metal knives or spoons could pierce or scratch the casing which will lead to an expensive repair later on.
4. Do a thorough clean
When all the ice is melted, thoroughly clean the inside of the fridge and freezer. Wipe the seals well, as they're a common place for food and dirt to build up. Wipe down all the inside walls, and let them dry before turning your fridge back on.
And that's it! A job well done.


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The Message Study Bible : Capturing the Notes and Reflections of Eugene H. Peterson
When author and pastor Eugene H. Peterson created The Message, he took the colloquial quality of the ancient Hebrew and Greek originals and put it into the American English that people use in their workplaces and around the house. What makes The Message a unique translation of choice is it is written in verse-numbered paragraphs in a single-column format, making it like a novel. The Message Study Bible combines this best-selling contemporary translation with personal insights from Peterson's lifetime of studying God's Word.
Publisher: The Navigators
2080Pages / Publication Date: 20120202


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08 Jul 11 More EFSA health opinions – many losers but several winners
The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has published 536 health claims in 73 opinions in the fifth batch of general function claims. There were several any positive opinions, but as expected, many more negative in the latest batch. Probiotic claims continued to be rejected and a number of others will be a huge blow to the sports market…
Positive opinions were handed to:
- dietary fibres and blood cholesterol;
- cereal fibre and bowel function;
- carbohydrate-electrolyte drinks and endurance performance;
- low sodium and blood pressure;
- dietary fibre and blood glucose;
- melatonin and sleep;
- very low calorie diets and body weight.
Of the rejections, EFSA said, "they were not sufficiently specific, such as claims on "women's health" or "mental energy", or that they referred to food categories which were considered to be too broad, such as "fruits and vegetables", "dairy products", to be linked to specific effects."
"Other claims were unfavourably assessed because they were not supported by any relevant studies in humans. Such studies are central to the establishment of a cause and effect relationship between the food or substance concerned and the beneficial health effect claimed."
EFSA has now assessed 2723 article 13, general function health claims, and has just 35 remaining, to be published in a mini-batch 6 in July this year.
- Oat and barley grain fibre increases faecal bulk (in "high fibre" foods).
- Rye fibre benefits bowel function (in "high fibre" foods).
- Beta-glucans from oats and barley reduce post-prandial glycaemic responses when 4g of beta-glucans from oats or barley are consumed for each 30 g of available carbohydrate. Previous cholesterol opinion affirmed.
- Reduced dietary sodium intake helps maintain normal blood pressure.
- Very low calorie diets (VLCDs) can reduce body weight among obese adults in compliance with the specifications and conditions of use laid down in CODEX STAN _PHONE_.
- Glycaemic carbohydrates help maintain normal brain function if 130g consumed daily.
- Sodium maintains normal muscle function but claim not approved because deficiencies leading to impaired muscle function in EU populations not demonstrated.
- Dietary intake of fats helps normal absorption of fat-soluble vitamins but claim not approved due to absence of fat deficiency in EU diets.
- Carbohydrate-electrolyte solutions enhance water absorption during exercise and maintain endurance performance (when drink contains 80-350kcal/L from carbohydrates, at least 75% of the energy from high-GI carbohydrates and 20-50mmol/L sodium).
- Reduced lactose food content may help decrease gastro-intestinal discomfort caused by lactose intake in lactose intolerant individuals.
- Melatonin helps sleep if 1mg consumed close to bedtime.
- Chitosan can help maintain normal blood LDL-cholesterol concentrations if 3g consumed daily.
- Arabinoxylan produced from wheat endosperm can reduce post-prandial glycaemic responses if 8g of arabinoxylan-rich fibre consumed per day.
- Fructose when replacing sucrose or glucose in foods or beverages can reduce post-prandial glycaemic responses.
Some key losers:
- Proanthocyanidins (PACs) from cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton) deemed 'insufficiently' backed as defence against bacterial pathogens in the lower urinary tract. Gum and heart claims deemed to general for NHCR.
- Xanthan gum does not benefit bowel function.
- Beta-hydroxy beta-methylbutyrate monohydrate (HMB) alone or in combination with alpha-ketoisocaproic acid (KIC) does not reduce muscle tissue damage during exercise; does not increase lean body mass, muscle strength, endurance performance, skeletal muscle tissue repair or speed recovery from muscle fatigue after exercise.
- Fructo-oligosaccharides do not decrease potentially pathogenic gastro-intestinal microorganisms.
- Beta-glucans from oats and barley do not provide a sustained increase in satiety leading to a reduction in energy intake.
- L-glutamine does not benefit a range of cognitive, gut, immune, muscular and energy conditions.
- L-carnitine does not aid faster recovery from muscle fatigue after exercise; does not assist skeletal muscle tissue repair, increase endurance capacity, maintain normal blood LDL-cholesterol concentrations, contribute to normal spermatogenesis, increase L-carnitine concentrations and/or decrease free fatty acids in blood during pregnancy.
- Casein protein hydrolysates do not aid growth or maintenance of muscle mass, increase endurance performance or speed recovery from muscle fatigue after exercise.
- Replacing sugars with intense sweeteners does not contribute to the maintenance or achievement of a normal body weight or normal blood glucose concentrations.
EFSA – read the 73 opinions here
NutraIngredients.com: Read more
EFSA delivers sports market blow: Consultant
The European Food Safety Authority's (EFSA) rejection of health claims for sports nutrients like L-carnitine, acetyl of L-carnitine, glutamine or tyrosine may have a devastating effect on the European market, warns French consultancy, Nutraveris. The opinions, "would make us think that they might put an end to the existence of sport foods" said CEO Cedric Bourges…. read more


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The History of Information (III)
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A waste book was one of the books traditionally used in bookkeeping. It comprised a daily diary of all transactions in chronological order. [ 1 ] It differs from a daybook in that only a single waste book is kept, rather than a separate daybook for each of several categories. The waste book was intended for temporary use only; the information needed to be transcribed into a journal in order to begin to balance one's accounts. [ 2 ] The name of the book derives from the fact that, once its information was transferred to the journal, the waste book was unneeded. [ 3 ] The use of the waste book has declined with the advent of double-entry accounting.
Why Study Accounting History? The history of accounting is as old as civilization, key to important phases of history, among the most important professions in economics and business, and fascinating. Accountants participated in the development of cities, trade, and the concepts of wealth and numbers. Accountants invented writing, participated in the development of money and banking, invented double entry bookkeeping that fueled the Italian Renaissance, saved many Industrial Revolution inventors and entrepreneurs from bankruptcy, helped develop the confidence in capital markets necessary for western capitalism, and are central to the information revolution that is transforming the global economy. There are no household names among the accounting innovators; in fact, virtually no names survive before the Italian Renaissance.
John Harrison (24 March 1693 – 24 March 1776) was a self-educated English carpenter and later a clockmaker. He invented the marine chronometer, a long-sought device in solving the problem of establishing the East-West position or longitude of a ship at sea, thus revolutionising and extending the possibility of safe long distance sea travel in the Age of Sail. The problem was considered so intractable that the British Parliament offered a prize of £ 20,000 (comparable to £2.87 million in modern currency) for the solution. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
The Calendar (New Style) Act 1750 (c.23) (also known as Chesterfield's Act after Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield ) is an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain. It reformed the calendar of England and British Dominions so that a new year began on 1 January rather than 25 March ( Lady Day ) and would run according to the Gregorian calendar, as used in most of western Europe. [ edit ] Reasons for change
A calendar is a system of organizing days for social, religious, commercial, or administrative purposes. This is done by giving names to periods of time, typically days, weeks, months, and years. A date is the designation of a single, specific day within such a system. Periods in a calendar (such as years and months) are usually, though not necessarily, synchronized with the cycle of the sun or the moon. Many civilizations and societies have devised a calendar, usually derived from other calendars on which they model their systems, suited to their particular needs. A calendar is also a physical device (often paper).
The Gregorian calendar, also called the Western calendar and the Christian calendar, is internationally the most widely accepted and used civil calendar. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It has been the unofficial global standard for decades, adopted for pragmatic interests of international communication, transportation, and commercial integration, and recognized by international institutions such as the United Nations and the Universal Postal Union. [ 4 ] The calendar was a reform in 1582 to the Julian calendar. [ 5 ] The motivation for the reform was to bring the date for the celebration of Easter to the time of the year in which the First Council of Nicaea had agreed upon in 325. Because the spring equinox was tied to the celebration of Easter, the Roman Catholic Church considered this steady movement in the date of the equinox undesirable. The reform was adopted initially by the Catholic countries of Europe.
Manuel Castells ( Spanish : Manuel Castells Oliván ; born 1942, Hellín, Albacete, Spain ) is a Spanish sociologist especially associated with research on the information society, communication and globalization. The 2000–09 research survey of the Social Sciences Citation Index ranks him as the world's fifth most-cited social science scholar, and the foremost-cited communication scholar. [ 1 ] He was awarded the 2012 Holberg Prize, [ 2 ] for having "shaped our understanding of the political dynamics of urban and global economies in the network society." [ 3 ] [ edit ] Life
The term Network Society describes several different phenomena related to the social, political, economic and cultural changes caused by the spread of networked, digital information and communications technologies. A number of academics (see below) are credited with coining the term since the 1980s and several competing definitions exist. The intellectual origins of the idea can be traced back to the work of early social theorists such as Georg Simmel who analyzed the effect of modernization and industrial capitalism on complex patterns of affiliation, organization, production and experience. [ edit ] Origins
Lady Mary Wortley Montagu (15 May 1689 – 21 August 1762) was an English aristocrat and writer. Montagu is today chiefly remembered for her letters, particularly her letters from Turkey, as wife to the British ambassador, which have been described by Billie Melman as "the very first example of a secular work by a woman about the Muslim Orient". [ 1 ] [ edit ] Early life Lady Mary Pierrepont was born in London on May 15, 1689; her baptism took place on May 26 at St.
The first issue of the Journal des sçavans (title page) The Journal des sçavans (later renamed Journal des savants ), established by Denis de Sallo, was the earliest academic journal published in Europe. Its content included obituaries of famous men, church history, and legal reports. [ 1 ] The first issue appeared as a twelve page quarto pamphlet [ 2 ] on Monday, 5 January 1665. [ 3 ] This was shortly before the first appearance of the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, on 6 March 1665. [ 4 ] The journal ceased publication in 1792, during the French Revolution, and, although it very briefly reappeared in 1797 under the updated title Journal des savants, it did not re-commence regular publication until 1816. From then on, the Journal des savants became more of a literary journal, and ceased to carry significant scientific material. [ 1 ] [ 5 ]
Joseph Moxon (8 August 1627 - February 1691 [ 1 ] ), hydrographer to Charles II, was an English printer of mathematical books and maps, a maker of globes and mathematical instruments, and mathematical lexicographer. He produced the first English language dictionary devoted to mathematics. In November 1678, he became the first tradesman to be elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society. [ edit ] Life Between the ages of around 9 and 11, Moxon accompanied his father, James Moxon, to Delft and Rotterdam where he was printing English Bibles.
Cover of the first volume of Phil. Trans., covering the years 1665 and 1666 The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society ( Phil. Trans. ) is a scientific journal published by the Royal Society of London. It was established in 1665, [ 1 ] making it the first journal in the world exclusively devoted to science, and it has remained in continuous publication ever since, making it the world's longest-running scientific journal.
John Graunt (24 April 1620 – 18 April 1674) was one of the first demographers, though by profession he was a haberdasher. Born in London, the eldest of seven or eight children of Henry and Mary Graunt. His father was a draper who had moved to London from Hampshire. In February 1641, Graunt married Mary Scott, with whom he had one son (Henry) and three daughters. Graunt, along with William Petty, developed early human statistical and census methods that later provided a framework for modern demography. He is credited with producing the first life table, giving probabilities of survival to each age.
In the philosophy of science, a protoscience is a new science trying to establish its legitimacy. [ 1 ] Protoscience is distinguished from pseudoscience by its standard practices of good science, such as a willingness to be disproven by new evidence, or to be replaced by a more predictive theory. [ citation needed ] Compare fringe science, which is considered highly speculative or even strongly refuted. [ 2 ] Some protosciences go on to become an accepted part of mainstream science. [ 3 ] All sciences would have qualified as protosciences before the Age of Enlightenment, since the scientific method still hadn't been developed, and there was no structured way to prove legitimacy. A standard example is alchemy, which from the 18th century became chemistry, or pre-modern astrology which from the 17th century became astronomy. [ edit ] Definitions
Robert Boyle, FRS, (25 January 1627 – 31 December 1691) was a 17th-century natural philosopher, chemist, physicist, and inventor, also noted for his writings in theology. He has been variously described as Irish, English and Anglo-Irish, his father having come to Ireland from England during the time of the Plantations. Although his research clearly has its roots in the al


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Identifies the leadership skills necessary needed from the nurse in the clinical area (particularly in Appendix surgical ward) they have worked with influences Good practice, role modelling, culture of care,….
Explain how you approached revising your research questions to assist your instructor in understanding your approach
After selecting a historical topic to research further, the next step in the research process is to create a research plan that compiles primary and secondary sources.
First, applying what you just learned about narrowing research questions, revise your research questions from your Topic Exploration Worksheet.
Explain how you approached revising your research questions to assist your instructor in understanding your approach. This will help you draft an introduction to a hypothetical research paper with a strong thesis statement.
Finally, applying what you have learned about comparing primary sources and analyzing secondary sources, do a deeper dive into the primary sources you listed in Part 3 of your Topic Exploration Worksheet to help you start your research plan. Describe what these sources add to your understanding of your selected topic.
The feedback you receive from this assignment should be implemented as you work towards your Research Plan and Introduction for Project 3.
To complete this assignment, complete the Research Plan Preparation Worksheet.


Surface Gravity on Jupiter
The surface gravity on a planet can be determined from Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation:
This says that a planet of mass m1
and radius R
will exert a force on an object (you) of mass m2
So we can relate the force on the surface of Jupiter to the force on the surface of the Earth.
It will change like: Since Jupiter has a mass that is 318 times the mass of the Earth
and a radius that is 11.2 times the radius of the Earth
we expect the surface gravity to be


Challenge 80 Answer
5-digit palindromes
For the first digit we have 9 options (cannot start with zero).
For the second and third digits we can accept any number between 0 and 9 (ie we have 10 options).
For the fourth and fifth digits, there is only one option, as they must be equal to the second and first digits, respectively.
ABCBA = 9 x 10 x 10 x 1 x 1 = 900
There are 900 5-digit palindrome numbers!
Back to statement


HSBC Swaps Paper Records for Blockchain to Track $20 Billion Worth of Assets
According to Reuters reports, HSBC aims to move $20 Billion worth of assets from paper to a Blockchain Custody platform by March 2020. The platform may eventually move up to $50 billion in value of assets. The new platform is known as Digital Vault. Previously, HSBC had processed a Yuan-based Letter of Credit using the Voltron platform, a R3's Corda blockchain platform solution. Voltron is the open industry platform to create, exchange, approve, and issue Letters of Credit on Corda. Letters of Credit are said to be involved in between 11 to 15% of all global export transactions, racking up over $1 trillion each year.
A Letters of Credit (LC), also known as a draft, a documentary credit, or bankers' commercial credit, is a letter from a bank guaranteeing that a buyer's payment to a seller will be received with a specified sum in a specified currency and provided the seller meets precisely-defined terms within a fixed time frame.
When the buyer is unable to make the payment, the bank will cover the full or remaining amount of the purchase. An LC is one of the most common payment methods available in international trade, as in such contexts where banking channels are used for payment between parties who may not trust each other. An issuing bank sends an issued LC to a confirming bank that will undertake to pay the exporter according to the terms of the LC. The following diagram shows a simplified example of an LC process, although a real transaction could be much more complicated:
The LC process is inefficient and typically time-consuming, as it depends on complex financial and administrative operations involving multiple actors. Blockchain technology can help to simplify the process by sharing financial data and documentation through a secure network that requires no third-party verification. Based on the report, the global finance company BBVA was able to reduce the time required to send, verify, and authorize an international trade transaction. The process, that usually takes from around 7 to 10 days, can be reduced to just 2.5 hours by using the blockchain.


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Add or modify a hotspot
A picture can contain one or more clickable hyperlinked areas that are called hotspots, which function like any other hyperlink. You can also set a default hyperlink for all other areas on the picture where you haven't defined a hotspot.
The Pictures toolbar provides tools that enable you to draw rectangular, circular and polygonal-shaped hotspots on an image. After you draw the hotspot, the Insert Hyperlink dialog box appears for you to specify the link for the hotspot. You can highlight hot spots on a picture in Microsoft Expression Web, such as when it's hard for you to see the hot spot outlines on the picture.
To set a hyperlink for all other areas on the image outside of the hotspots, select the image and add a hyperlink to it. For more information, see Create or modify a hyperlink.
In Design view, in your web page, click the picture to which you want to add a hotspot.
On the Pictures toolbar, click Rectangular Hotspot, Circular Hotspot, or Polygonal Hotspot.
On the picture, do one or more of the following.
To draw either a rectangle or circle, drag where you want a hotspot.
To draw a polygon, click to create each vertex of the polygon shape. To complete the shape, either click on the first vertex you created, or double-click.
In the Insert Hyperlink dialog box, locate the file you want to link to, and then click OK. For more information, see Create or modify a hyperlink.
In Design view, in your web page, click the picture that contains the hotspot you want to modify.
On the Pictures toolbar, click Select, and then do one or more of the following.
To move a hotspot, click within the hotspot and drag it to where you want.
To resize a hotspot, drag a vertex on the hotspot.
To modify the hyperlink of a hotspot, double-click the hotspot. In the Edit Hyperlink dialog box, set the Address box to the hyperlink you want and click OK.
To delete a hotspot, click the hotspot and press DELETE.


F Ikebana Today 38 ~ Shoso Shimbo
Tuesday, 4 August 2015
Ikebana Today 38
To answer the question, "Is Ikebana art?", we need to look into the history
of Ikebana as well as that of art in the 20th century. When and how did they
interact in that century? While it is relatively easy to overview the
history of Ikebana, the history of art seems to be so chaotic.
I found contemporary art and its history are very hard to comprehend. In
particular the Japanese literature on the topic is difficult to
comprehend. Why do they have to be like that? Maybe because they are talking about something they don't really understand?
Fortunately, a number of great introductory books on contemporary art have
been recently published. I guess that many people must have felt the same
way about the literature on the contemporary art. One of the books I liked
was "Why Is That Art?" by Terry Barrett, Oxford U.P. (2012). From the
reading of the book, I will summarise the history of art briefly in the next
This small work is a good example of assembling different plant materials in
harmony. The process of making it was a true meditation. I'm going to use
this image for my free calendars for next year. Please download them for
free from my website. You can also read my articles published in Living Now
for free online. Lastly, please check the results of the Ikebana Gallery Award 2015 in my site.


2 minute read
The short answer is: It is complicated. The Icelandic constitution says that anyone can live off government land property but that only means berries, mushroom, Icelandic moss, seaweed and the like. It does not mean you can fish or hunt game since all animals in Iceland are protected unless otherwise stated or you got a hunting licence.
What can you eat in Icelandic nature?
Icelanders aren't as lucky as their friends in many other places for we do not have any fruit trees. A few people have started growing apple and pear trees in their gardens, but you won't find those out in the open.
We do, however, have many different kinds of berries such as blueberries, whortleberries, and strawberries. You will also find crowberries and rock brambles (which look a bit like a cross between red currant and raspberries). People also grow black currant, red currant and raspberries but you will not find them out in the wild.
Herbs and spices
Herbs and spices grow wild in Icelandic fields, and you can find creeping thyme (also called the ever so punny name wild thyme) and alpine lady's mantle (which is good for a sore throat). Additionally, chervil, lupine and angelica grow wild around the country.
You will find many kinds of seaweeds at the beach. Of that, Dulse is very popular, and some people call vertebrata lanosa the truffles of the north because they have a similar taste.
If you know mushrooms, you can pick them at will, but if you're not sure about them, it can be dangerous.
What is not allowed?
You cannot hunt animals. You can catch fish in the sea, but you can't catch salmon, trout or any other fish in rivers and lakes unless you have a fishing permit (which is expensive). It's the same with birds, and you definitely cannot hunt lambs, horses, cows or any other domestic animals. They are all privately owned. Reindeer are also off limit. You need to apply for a hunting licence, and it can take up to three years to get permission to use a gun in Iceland.
What does this mean?
It means you will need to buy most of your food. You will not be able to forage enough food for you to survive with Iceland. However, please do forage for spices, berries and other similar things. They are quite delicious.
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Supervision, Mentoring & Coaching
Supervision is an integral aspect of professional practice and continued professional development. Cultural supervision allows for a deeper understanding of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures to assist in the facilitation of positive engagement and healing for clients.
Professional supervision can provide the following services:
 - Specific case discussion and guidance
 - Facilitate greater levels of cultural awareness
 - Development of practical skills and appropriate strategies for healing
 - Understanding of cultural perspectives regarding social and emotional wellbeing
Mentoring and coaching is a key aspect of professional development for all professionals from those new to the field through to experienced practitioners. Marumali Consultations can assist with cultural mentoring for professionals seeking guidance and the development of practical skills for effective engagement with others from diverse cultural backgrounds. This process is undertaken in a manner that is tailored to each professional's needs, meeting individuals where they are in terms of knowledge and skill set. Accordingly, this process allows for professionals to progress in positive and supported space.
We provide structured and tailored supervision for workers in Health and Human Services. We specialise in culturally appropriate supervision, mentoring and coaching for Aboriginal workers working in non-indigenous organisations or government departments, as well as offering cultural supervision and coaching for non-indigenous workers who work with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and communities.


Effective antifreeze method of solar water heater in winter
Views:6 Author:Site Editor Publish Time: 2021-01-29 Origin:Site Inquire
Effective antifreeze method of solar water heater in winter
In winter, for customers who use water heaters, the most fear is that the temperature is too low to cause the water heater to freeze. How to effectively avoid freezing and how to solve the icing problem?
1. First of all, when the winter enters, we must first check the pipes of the solar water heaters. Pay attention to whether the screws at the pipe joints are loose, whether the pipes are cracked, disconnected, or leaked. If there are any, we must pay attention. service.
2. Take good insulation measures
1. For solar energy pipelines, it is best to wrap them with foam, cotton and linen fabrics, plastics, etc., which can play a role in heat preservation.
2. General solar water heaters have electric heating cables. When the temperature is lower than zero, remember to turn on the electric heating cables to protect the solar water heaters from freezing.
3. Dripping antifreeze
As long as the water keeps flowing, there is little chance of being frozen. Before going to bed at night, you can slightly turn on the hot water faucet to let the water drop and ensure the water flows in the pipe. Remember to put a bucket to catch the water, and it can be used the next day. Don't waste water.
4. Emptying and antifreeze
Because the previous method may cause a waste of water resources, I will recommend another method for you. When the temperature is particularly low or solar energy is not used for a long time, the original water in the solar water heater should be caught with a bucket and drained. In this way, there is no water in the water pipe, and naturally it will not freeze.
5. Pay attention to choosing the time of Sheung Shui
The use of solar water heaters in winter needs to determine the time to add water according to weather conditions. If the outdoor temperature is above zero, consider adding water that night; if the outdoor temperature is below zero, it is best to add water the next morning to prevent the water outlet from being frozen.
6. The method of thawing
If the solar water heater is frozen, how can it be defrosted quickly and safely?
1. There is electric heating on the water heater, just turn on the electric heating directly.
2. For hot water pipes that have been frozen, you can use warm water to thaw them. Do not use hot water or directly hit the pipes! Doing so may cause the pipeline to burst directly.
The above are some tips for anti-freezing water heaters, I hope it will be helpful to you who have this problem.
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4.2 Protecting Data with the Encrypting File System
As I discussed in the previous section, NTFS checks the ACL for each file and folder a user accesses and compares it against her access token. Access is granted only when the appropriate permissions are held by the the requester. However, this architecture has the potential to be circumvented. If NTFS isn't used to access the hard disk, the data can be read just like any other data. Because Windows Server 2003 and Windows XP allow only NTFS to access its own partitions, this security is effective. If another operating system is used, or if special disk-reading equipment is connected to the hard disk, the data is completely unprotected.
The only way to ensure that data on the hard disk is not susceptible to this type of attack is to protect it with encryption. Storing the data on the hard drive in an encrypted state means that the requester must provide the decryption key for the data to be usable. Without the decryption key, the data is useless to the requester "regardless of the operating system making the request. Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 allow files on the hard disk to be encrypted using the Encrypting File System, or EFS.
4.2.1 How EFS Works
To discuss the concepts and processes of EFS, I must first dispel a myth. EFS is not really a file system at all. It is a set of functions that work in conjunction with NTFS to encrypt and decrypt files that are stored on the hard drive. NTFS provides the core mechanics of fetching data from the hard drive, writing to the hard drive, checking ACLs, and so on. EFS does the added work of determining when a file must be encrypted or decrypted and performing that action.
Specifically, EFS works by generating a random symmetric key for a file, called the file encryption key (FEK), and encrypting the data portion of the file with that key. It then takes the requester's public key from the local key store and encrypts the FEK with that public key. This chunk of encrypted data that allows the requester to decrypt the file is called the data decryption field (DDF). There is always at least one DDF for an encrypted file.
EFS then checks to see if any data recovery agents (DRAs) have been defined in a recovery policy. A recovery agent is an optional user who holds a specific type of certificate private key that, when configured properly, allows him to decrypt EFS files. If recovery agents have been defined, their public key is also used to encrypt a copy of the FEK. This chunk of encrypted data that allows a recovery agent to decrypt a file is called a data recovery field (DRF). Because more than one recovery agent can be defined through a recovery policy, there may be more than one DRF per encrypted file.
In Windows 2000, EFS required at least one recovery agent to operate. When no recovery agents were available, EFS would refuse to encrypt files. In Windows XP and Windows Server 2003, EFS allows full functionality without a recovery agent in place. This allows configurations in which only one unique key can decrypt data. To disable EFS in Windows XP and Windows Server 2003, a Group Policy Object must be defined or a group of registry settings must be made.
The result of all these operations is encrypted data, one or more DDFs, and zero or more DRFs. This data is then handed back to NTFS. NTFS writes all this data as provided to the hard drive and additionally marks the file as being encrypted with EFS. This process of encrypting files with EFS is shown in Figure 4-8.
Figure 4-8. The EFS encryption process
Another common myth about EFS is that folders can be encrypted. While folders can be flagged to encrypt their contents, the folders themselves are not encrypted. Rather, new files within those folders will be automatically encrypted when they are created in that folder, and optionally, any existing files in the folder will be encrypted. This is a desired configuration for EFS, as it will ensure that new datafiles or temporary copies of encrypted files in the same directory will be protected. When individual files are marked for encryption and not the parent directory, data may unwittingly be written to the hard drive unencrypted.
When an application requests data from an encrypted file, EFS has to decrypt it. To do so, NTFS retrieves the entire file and passes the information to EFS. EFS examines the public and private keys of the requester to determine whether any of these keys can be used to decrypt a DDF or DRF associated with the file. When such a key is found, the FEK is decrypted and used to decrypt the file data. This decrypted data is then passed back to NTFS, which provides it to the original requester. Because all this is handled by NTFS and EFS, applications do not need to be aware of EFS files or take any special actions to handle them. This process of decrypting files with EFS is shown in Figure 4-9.
Figure 4-9. EFS decryption
The process of decryption with a data recovery agent's private key is the same as with the user's private key, except that the DRF is decrypted instead of the DDF.
A new feature of EFS in Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 is the ability to have more than one DDF per file. This allows a user to add users to a file and give those users the ability to decrypt the file without being recovery agents. This EFS file sharing provides a highly secure way to share data between users when the data is located either on a local hard drive or on a network file share. The ability to have more than one DRF recovery agent per file has existed since EFS was first implemented in Windows 2000; it is only the ability to have multiple DDFs that's new.
This new ability of EFS has one roadblock. The public keys of all additional users must be available to the file's owner to add them as potential decryptors of the data. There are a few mechanisms to aid in locating public key certificates, such as Active Directory, but this is still largely a manual process. In most cases, the file owner must ask the desired user to identify, export, and then transfer a public key certificate. This can be time-consuming and is not a simple operation to perform for the majority of users. For more information on certificate stores and operations, see Chapter 9.
4.2.2 Benefits of the Encrypting File System
The true benefit of EFS is that the encrypted files are stored in a secure manner. Physical compromise of the computer does not necessarily compromise the data.
Consider our IT manager, Don Fink. Don uses a laptop as his primary work computer. He stores all his data on it, whether sensitive or not. He carries it to work and back home every day. When the laptop is at work, he keeps it chained to his desk there, and when at home, he chains it to his home desk. Don also happens to travel frequently by air and is no stranger to airports.
Karen Shaughnnessy, a would-be corporate espionage operative, has been hired by a rival to learn key information about Woodgrove Bank. Karen has targeted Don as a potential wealth of information. She feels Don will have enough information stored on his laptop to make overt theft worthwhile. Although Don doesn't know it yet, he's about to become a victim.
Through a process of careful observation and intelligence gathering, Karen knows what type of laptop Don has, as well as the briefcase he uses when traveling. She also learns when Don's next trip is scheduled. Karen obtains a duplicate of the briefcase and ensures she is in line directly behind Don when going through the airport security checkpoint. This allows Karen to switch briefcases and leave with Don's laptop. Don may not notice for a few minutes or even until he's on his airplane. Either way, once the laptop is out of Don's possession it's too late.
Karen knows that there may be security safeguards on the computer. To work around any potential traps or protections, she removes the laptop's hard drive. She then connects it to a computer already running another operating system, one that recognizes NTFS but doesn't interpret ACLs (there are many of them). From there, it's a simple matter for Karen to copy the contents of Don's hard drive to her computer and begin sifting through the data.
This scenario happens more often than people realize. I periodically see news articles about laptops being stolen from corporate employees during transport. Unfortunately, there is no supplemental data to cite which laptops are business-oriented versus personal, but common sense says that a majority of laptops carried while traveling are corporate laptops. In all likelihood, a majority of these laptops contained at least a small amount of sensitive data. However, most corporations simply refuse to publicly admit that this happens to them. They may put procedures in place to try to avoid future repeats of the same incident, but often these attempts fail. If you use EFS to protect the data correctly, however, the problem can be solved.
Laptop Lost and Found at Seattle-Tacoma International Airport
I read about the most alarming cases "laptops and hard drives with secret data being lost "in the news periodically. But the reality of data compromise due to lost laptops exists every day. Because of the frequency of business travel, the loss of laptops at major airports is far more common than you might think. Monique Reed-Jones, operations manager of lost and found at Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, was kind enough to furnish us with statistics and current trends.
Monique is not a computer person by


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Online Testing Software to Avoid Procrastination
Online Testing Software and 5 Tips to Avoid Procrastination
Procrastinating is fairly common among high school and college students. There are many reasons why people may procrastinate. Some people start preparing weeks before the exam date while others procrastinate and wait until the last minute.
If you find yourself procrastinating when it comes to studying for an exam, here are some tips that will help you to overcome the problem.
1. Study When You Feel the Most Efficient
You should study when you feel the most efficient and alert. Some people are early birds and are refreshed during the early morning hours. Others are night owls who are alert during late at night. You should determine when you are the most alert and utilize online testing software during that time to study for your exam.
2. Create a Schedule
Another important tip to avoid procrastination is to create a schedule. You should consider dividing the study goal in equal chunks, and reward yourself when you have completed a task. Having a set schedule will allow you to take breaks from your studying without completely losing focus.
3. Divide and Conquer
You should divide a study goal into smaller steps that can be achieved easily. Dividing the goals into smaller steps will allow you to remain focused on the job without giving up because you feel that the task is insurmountable. When using online testing software to study, break the content up into smaller sections to ensure you retain the information better.
4. Avoid Stressing Too Much
Too much stress about the test will make you feel overwhelmed. We know that passing your exams is important to you, but remaining calm is important. The more stressed out you are, the more likely you are to put off studying. Remember to stay calm and focus on one bit of information at a time.
5. Use Technology to Your Advantage
You should make the best use of the technology to prepare for an exam. It will allow you to save time when preparing for an exam. This will, in turn, lessen the chances of procrastination. Online exam testing software allows you to prepare well for the exam.
The above tips will help you to avoid procrastinating when it comes to studying for an exam. Remember the way you spend your time now will determine your future prospects. Like it or not, the key to a bright financial future for most will depend on the academic performance. If you spend your time wisely, and study for the exam, you will reap the benefits in the future.
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text:
Question: When the person begins his spiritual path, he must have some kind of desire, "fuel." To the degree of attainment, does this type of fuel change or does it remain the same? In which stage does the giver of the gift become more important than the gift itself, or is this significance also egoistic?
Answer: That "fuel" we work with (i.e., the reason why I exist, live, move forward) is changed both quantitatively and qualitatively. This reason improves all the time, becoming more qualitative.
If previously only your "self" was important to you, now, even against your will, the group becomes important. And this is not because you require the group to attain the higher goal, but just like a child is important to its parents.
So gradually a state is created when this is yours and after that this is more important than yourself. Gradually the higher component, the higher power, truly begins to be discovered in the group. You will see that essentially this is not a group, but that creature that we call by the name of "Malchut" and in it the Creator is discovered. But this will happen when you begin to relate to it exactly as the Creator relates to you, even in the smallest way.
From the Moscow Virtual Convention "Unity Without Boundaries" Day Two 12/14/13, Lesson 2


Define withholding tax codes (Financial Accounting Global Settings)
Define withholding tax codes
In this activity you define the withholding tax codes.
In contrast to the withholding tax category which controls the essential calculation options, the tax code mainly determines the tax percentage rate.
You can find more information in the field documentation.
Maintain the required tax codes.
Further notes
All calculations for extended withholding tax are made in the respective country currency. This means that you have to maintain amounts in the company code country currency.


text:
(AP) -- Archaeologists digging on Jerusalem's Mount of Olives have discovered a nearly 3,000-year-old jar handle bearing ancient Hebrew script, a find significantly older than most inscribed artifacts unearthed in the ancient city, an archaeologist said. The Iron Age handle is inscribed with the Hebrew name Menachem, which was the name of an Israelite king and is still common among Jews.
The inscription also includes a partly intact letter, the Hebrew character "lamed," meaning "to." That suggests the jar was a gift to someone named Menachem, said Ron Beeri, who directed the excavation for the Israel Antiquities Authority. There is no indication the inscription refers to the king himself.
The name and similar variants have been found on Egyptian pottery dating back 3,500 years, and the Bible lists Menachem Ben Gadi as an ancient king of Israel. But this is the first time an artifact bearing the name has been unearthed in Jerusalem, Beeri said.
"It's important because it shows that they actually used the name Menachem during that period," Beeri said. "It's not just from the Bible, but it's also in the archaeological record."
Based on the style of the inscription, he dated the handle to around 900 B.C., the time of the first Jewish Temple in Jerusalem as recounted in the Bible.
The vessel the handle was attached to did not survive, so it is impossible to tell what it was used for, Beeri said. Similar vessels were known to have held products like oil or wheat.
Construction workers uncovered the archaeological site while digging the foundation for a girl's school being built in the area, Beeri said.
Excavators also uncovered storage vessels and implements from two earlier nomadic settlements, both dating to around 2,000 B.C., he said, as well as artifacts dating from the time of the Roman Empire around 2,000 years ago.
Archaeologists have completed their dig, and construction workers building the school are back on the job, Beeri said.
The Mount of Olives is just outside Jerusalem's Old City. The hill is important to Jews because of its proximity to the destroyed Temple and to Christians, who believe it is the site where Jesus ascended to heaven.
©2009 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
Explore further: Submerged structure stumps Israeli archaeologists


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*SNAP-Ed Priority Outcome Indicator
Background and Context
Unlike ST8—which focuses on multi-sector partnerships at the local, state, territorial, or tribal level—indicator ST7 defines partnerships at the site level (e.g., elementary school), organization (e.g., school district), or complementary sites. Organizational partnerships of relevance to SNAP-Ed may include school health advisory councils, wellness committees, and site councils that focus on bringing together collaborators and local champions (see ST6) to change the context or environment surrounding individual physical activity and nutrition choices offered to clients at the site. An organizational partnership may exist between a local SNAP-Ed provider and leadership of a local site; in some instances, a written agreement may delineate the roles and responsibilities of the SNAP-Ed provider and the site's leadership. For instance, a local SNAP-Ed agency may agree to install a food garden at a senior housing site and teach seniors how to grow and harvest foods using seeds and starts they purchase with their SNAP dollars. The senior housing community site manager agrees to irrigate the garden and organize a shuttle bus to the local farmers market accepting SNAP for seniors to purchase seeds and plants that will produce food to eat.
Partnership evaluation can help to identify whether it is worth the SNAP-Ed staff time and resources to participate in an organizational partnership effort—as a member, or in some instances, as a lead or co-lead. Partnership strategies may include identifying new opportunities for partnership, sharing information and resources, participating in or leading meetings with partners, developing an action plan with partners, or tracking and communicating partnership outcomes.
For each partnership being evaluated, the following should be measured:
ST7b. Description of the depth of the relationship (network, cooperator, coordination, coalition, collaboration)
ST7c. Description of partnership accomplishments and lessons learned.
What to Measure
In this indicator, each organizational partnership should be assigned an environmental settings domain: eat, learn, live, play, shop, and work. This is to ensure that there is diversification of partnerships across the different types of settings relevant in SNAP-Ed. Some partnerships may affect multiple SNAP-Ed settings with representation from parks and recreation (Play) and school personnel (Learn).
Surveys and Data Collection Tools
Qualitative approaches through direct observation, content analysis, and documentation review can include one or more of the following methods to identify:
- Key informant interviews with partnership members to identify activities, partnership maturity level, barriers and success factors, and outcomes
- Key informant interviews with nonparticipating members to identify partnership activities and outcomes
- Content analysis of partnership communication, meeting minutes, and/or partnership plans
- Review of organizational chart or partnership structure
Cooperator: Organization assists with information such as referrals, providing space, distributing marketing and client education materials, and hosting events open to the clients and community members.
Coordination: Organization maintains autonomous leadership, but there is a common focus on group decision-making; emphasizes sharing resources to aid in the adoption of policy, systems, environmental changes, and associated promotion listed in MT5 and MT6.
Coalition: Organization has longer-term commitment to join action in adopting nutrition or physical activity practices, supports and/or standards. Key characteristics include: shared leadership, definition of roles, and generation of new resources.
Collaboration Organization: contributes to joint activities and has identified personnel who help advise and make decisions about effective strategies and interventions. Key characteristics include: a system with shared impacts, a consensus-decision making process, and formal role assignments.
CDC recommendation with the following questions:
- What is the purpose of the partnership (e.g., plan development and implementation, advisory group for a specific task or objective)?
- What does success look like for the partnership? Are there specific activities or objectives for the partnership?
- What roles do members need to fulfill? What resources or skills do they need to provide to ensure the success of your partnerships?
- What organizations, agencies, and leaders need to be represented to ensure success? What assets are needed?
Additional evaluation tools to measure ST7 can be found in the SNAP-Ed Library.
Key Glossary Terms
Additional Resources or Supporting Citations
Gregson J, Foerster SB, Orr R, Jones L, Benedict J, Clarke B, Hersey J, Lewis J, Zotz K. (2001). System, environmental, and policy changes: Using the social-ecological model as a framework for evaluating nutrition education and social marketing programs with low-income audiences. Journal of Nutrition Education, 33, S4-S15.