text: What is the future of curatorship? Is there a vision for an ideal model, a curatopia, whether in the form of a utopia or dystopia? Or is there a plurality of approaches, amounting to a curatorial heterotopia? This pioneering volume addresses these questions by considering the current state of curatorship. It reviews the different models and approaches operating in museums, galleries and cultural organisations around the world and discusses emerging concerns, challenges and opportunities. The collection explores the ways in which the mutual, asymmetrical relations underpinning global, scientific entanglements of the past can be transformed into more reciprocal, symmetrical forms of cross-cultural curatorship in the present, arguing that this is the most effective way for curatorial practice to remain meaningful. International in scope, the volume covers three regions: Europe, North America and the Pacific.


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German and Chinese as Minority Language
In German and Chinese speaking countries you will get the countries which have German and Chinese as minority language. The language which is spoken by minority of population in the country is called as minority language.
- German as minority language: Czech Republic, Denmark, Former Soviet Union, France, Hungary, Italy, Namibia, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia.
- Chinese as minority language: Indonesia, Malaysia.
If you want to compare German and Chinese dialects, then you can go to German vs Chinese Dialects. Some of the official languages are also considered as minority languages.
German and Chinese Regulators
German and Chinese speaking countries provide you German and Chinese regulators which are the official organizations that regulate them. Council for German Orthography regulates German language.Chinese is regulated by Chinese Language Standardization Council, National Commission on Language and Script Work, Promote Mandarin Council. Also get to learn, German and Chinese Language History.
German and Chinese Continents
Thinking about German and Chinese continents in which German and Chinese speaking countries are present. Check out more information on German and Chinese. Most of the German speaking countries lie in Europe. While Chinese speaking countries lie in Asia. Continentwise, most of the languages belong to Asian Languages and African Languages. It's always fun to know about interesting facts of any language, so lets discuss about unknown facts of German and Chinese languages:
German Interesting Facts:
- One of the large group of Indo-Germanic languages is German.
- The second most popular Germanic language spoken today behind English is German language.
Chinese Interesting Facts:
- Chinese language is tonal, since meaning of a word changes according to its tone.
- In Chinese language, there is no grammatical distinction between singular or plural, no declination of verbs according to tense, mood and aspect.
The German language was derived from Albanian Languages and is similar to Dutch, Danish, Norwegian, Swedish and English Languages whereas German language is similar to Not Available and derived from Not Available.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Truck Driver Heart Health Watch:
The Difference Between Cardiac Arrest and a Heart Attack
According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), approximately 610,000 people die of heart disease in the United States every year – that's one in every four deaths. Truck drivers, in particular, are at an increased risk of heart disease.
Truck drivers are especially at risk due to the demanding aspects of their jobs. Often, truck drivers sit for long hours at a time, don't get enough sleep or exercise, and have a poor diet—all on top of facing high levels of stress. This combination has a significant and negative effect on the heart. In addition, furthering the stress on the heart is the fact that 7 in 10 truck drivers are obese* – just one more factor that increases the chance of heart disease.
For truck drivers especially, it's critical to understand your own health issues and risks. OHC believes prevention is better than a cure. It's important for truck drivers to maintain healthy heart habits, and part of having healthy habits is getting annual health exams.
Cardiac arrest and heart attack are often used interchangeably, but they are not the same thing and knowing the difference between the two can potentially be life-saving.
Do you know the difference between them?
Cardiac arrest is an "Electrical" problem. It occurs when the heart malfunctions and stops beating unexpectedly causing an irregular heartbeat (or arrythmia). When the hearts pumping action is disrupted, it cannot pump blood to the brain, lungs or other organs.
When cardiac arrest occurs, a person becomes unresponsive, is not breathing or is only gasping. Death can occur within minutes if the victim does not receive treatment.
Cardiac arrest can be reversible in some victims if it's treated within a few minutes. First, call 9-1-1 and start CPR right away. Then, if an (AED) is available, use it as soon as possible. If two people are available to help, one should begin CPR immediately while the other calls 9-1-1 and finds an AED.
Fast action can save lives.
A heart attack, on the other hand, is a "circulation" issue. It occurs when blood flow to the heart is blocked, preventing oxygen-rich blood from reaching a section of the heart. If the blocked artery is not reopened quickly, the part of the heart normally nourished by that artery begins to die.
This infographic from the American Heart Association breaks it down:


Ask the Diabetes Educator Archive
Could you tell me if flax seed oil is good or harmful to me? I am a type 2 diabetic.
I know of no negatives for flax seeds on diabetes; they are a nutritious food that may help with arthritic inflammations and in lowering blood fats. One Tablespoon per day is a suggested intake of the oil, or two Tablespoons of ground seeds. They contain an essential fatty acid, meaning our bodies do not manufacture this. However, someone with diabetes will probably be better off taking a fish oil supplement for these essential fats, as diabetes can impair the body's ability to convert the flax oil into a useable essential fatty acid. If you do eat fish, cold water fish, preferable from Alaska, is the best source. A pure grade fish oil is a useful alternative, so that both flax and fish can be taken for different benefits.
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Report a Spill
Water Pollution and Spills
To report a spill/water pollution, call _PHONE_.
At any time, if you need to report emergency concerns that involve imminent danger to people or the environment, call 911.
Water Quality Violation
By definition of the Issaquah Municipal Code, with very few exceptions, the only discharge allowed to a public or private storm system is rainwater.
Examples of Violations
Water quality violations can range from minor incidents, such as car washing, to large spills from an overturned vehicle. Water quality violations can also come from multiple sources, including roadways, underground problems, failing septic systems or hazardous materials stored outside and uncovered from the rain.


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Now that we have looked at editing existing sounds, let's start creating some new ones from scratch.
- In an empty part, go to the Main > Edit view. In the Mapping Editor, right-click and choose Create Keygroup > Synth Template.
- A new keygroup has been created, mapped to the full key and velocity range.
- Play a few notes, and you will hear a simple sine wave oscillator. Let's change that to a sawtooth wave, by clicking the Waveform and choosing Sawtooth from the menu.
- We can continue building our sound by editing the other synth engine parameters, such as enabling Stereo mode and adding additional voices.
- To stack multiple synth sounds, we can add a second synth keygroup. Let's choose Create Keygroup > Synth Template a second time, and another keygroup will be stacked on top of the first. For this keygroup, let's choose one of the oscillator's factory presets, such as "Accordion".
- Perhaps instead of stacking these sounds, this could be a split program instead, with one sound for the left hand and another for the right hand. To do that, we'll need to adjust the key ranges of the keygroups so they don't overlap. Right-click in the Mapping Editor and choose Select All, then choose Resolve Overlapping Key Range.
The keygroups can now be easily edited separately. For example, the key and velocity ranges could be further adjusted by dragging the edge of the keygroup.


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- The Florida Bureau of Health issued this broadside in 1916. It reflects the increasing awareness on the part of health institutions in the early 20th century of the microbial sources of disease, and it illustrates the efforts of state and local health agencies to combat what was seen as a primary cause of disease: unsanitary living conditions. Rendered in a style similar to the wall hangings and kitchen calendars produced for homes by advertisers, the illustrations depict the interaction between pests and food. The broadside reflects the early efforts of government agencies to translate advances in medical and biological sciences into effective health policy and higher standards of living. The tone of moral and practical instruction and the broadside's appeal to the lessons of recent history are typical of its period.
Record Co., St. Augustine, Florida
Type of Item
- 1 sheet : illustrated ; 54 x 29 centimeters
- Printed on cloth; text in red within etched illustrated border. First lines: "The State Board of Health of Florida asks you to carefully and attentively read this card; Then put the question directly to yourself, whether flies should not be destroyed, or, at least, an effort be made to keep from pollution food prepared for you to eat." Last lines: "Look at the marginal illustrations. They are disgusting, it is true. So are flies. The disgust that your stomach receives through your eye is as nothing, however, to the probable and possible benefit which you will receive by giving due heed to the warnings suggested by the etchings."

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Story last updated at 7/15/2009 - 5:49 pm
Humanimal: a Project for Future Children, by Bhanu Kapil. Kelsey Street Press. $17.95
How does the voice of a writer enter one's being and create an intimate space where a reader may travel safely through the text? Bhanu Kapil, a poet raised in London who currently teaches at Naropa University and Goddard College, does so by writing from multiple perspectives. In her newest book, "Humanimal: a Project for Future Children," Kapil explores liminal identity, turning to research and documentary to create a mosaic-like account based on the true story of two girls found living with wolves in the Bengal region of India in 1920. Kapil's source material for the text is the diary of the Indian missionary Reverend Joseph Singh, published in 1945. Kapil also traveled to Midnapure with the French filmmaking company Mona Lisa Production as part of a documentary on human-wolf contacts, and was filmed as she went about her research on the two wolf girls, Kamala and Amala.
In choosing this subject, she poses questions about female identity. What does it mean to be civilized? How is the body a culprit? What are the historical and narrative circumstances that create a feral existence? How is the story of the feral child a metaphor for violence and neglect of those who experience themselves as outside, primal, territorial?
The reader must continually ask of the voice of the narrator, "Is she of one form or another? Human or wolf?"
I want to stand up but I can't do that here. They would know I am a wolf by my sore hips, the look in my eyes. At the edge of the garden was a line of blue chalk. My mother was crouching there, waiting for me in her dark coat. In the dream I walk towards her and she stands up. She opens up her coat like two wings and I step into her cloth heart, her cleft of matted fur.
Her voices' sympathies are never singular, and they are spoken in a space between boundaries, localities known and unknown: the space of the unescorted. And yet, her voice escorts us. The poet-detective traces a line, and we are compelled to follow. In the jungle we learn that the notion that history moves in one direction is a myth. Culture is beyond time, a learned mechanism of being. We become caught within the questions of the Humanimal.
What is the opposite of feral? Feral: "Latin, from 'fera' a wild beast. Relating to, or having the nature of, a wild beast; uncultivated; undomesticated; barbarous; wild." The question is deliberately not answered. Would one say civilized? Hardly, considering that the violent treatment of the two feral girls by the "civilized" is not at all civil:
A girl is a dot arising in space, and then the girl after that, and the next. Viral, schizophrenic, the two girls shook in the garden, and then in their beds like photographs. In the first days of their captivity, they screamed for their mother, then stopped. Dehydrated, they sucked tea from rags. Accepting nourishment like this was a primary act of human culture. Hopeful, their Father brought them home. No. They were home and then they got sick, unable to tolerate the food they were given.
This book gives voice to "monsters" - to those who are unnamed, uncounted, unclothed, unemployed, uninsured, represented only in the margins - and provides another way to approach subjects often explored only under the guise of anonymity. Kapil searches out voices not often heard, because of either invisibility or the opposite- a type of gawking that is not seeing at all, as if at an animal. Of the feral girls she writes,
For a few minutes a day, Joseph's wife, the Home's Mother let them [spectators] in and they swarmed to the room where the youngest girl was failing. They watched her fade and jerk in her cot, the spittle coming down over her chin.
The girl is captured from the jungle and placed upon a cot in full view of the civilized. The civilized and domesticated have unintentionally made the feral child ill. The "civilized" cannot understand or aid but wish to watch her decline. A revelatory cruelty exists in the story of Humanimal. Through Kapil's deft interweaving of perspectives, we can almost hear the breath of the wolf-girl in protest. It is beyond language.
Each of Kapil's books presents poetry as journey, social document and investigation. Her voice is a roadmap and an inquisitor revising the probable. Kapil elegantly and dramatically carves out a space for the unutterable. She writes beyond singular personhood, in an intimate voice rooted in a listening empathy.
Laynie Browne is the author of seven collections of poetry and one novel. Her most recent publications include "The Scented Fox" and "Daily Sonnets." This article first appeared on _URL_. Distributed by the Poetry Foundation at _URL_.


13 & RGS) GPWS, & windshear computer. (TCAS II is no longer on the 115 V-AC bus.)
In an abnormal transfer to electrical emergency condition ("ELEC EMERG ABNORM" EICAS caution), can the DC buses be powered? (2-05-10 p. 6B) Yes. They could be powered by their associated DC generators, but will remain isolated from the central bus. The essential DC buses would be powered by the batteries only (batteries would go dead).
During APU starting, what is the status of BC 1?BTC 1? BTC 2? (2-05-10 p. 14) Open: BC 1 Closed: BTC 1 & 2
When the GPU is energizing the airplane, are the batteries being charged? (2-05-10 p. 17) Batteries are not charging because BC 1 & 2 are open.
If generator 1 is offline & the APU is running, what is the position of BTC 1? BTC 2? Open: BTC 2Closed: BTC 1 (2-05-10 p. 21)
What is the position of BTC 1, BTC 2, BC 1, SBC 1, SBC 2, BBR 1, BBR 2, EIC, EBC 1, & EBC 2 with loss of all generators?(2-05-10 P. 6 & 25) Open: BTC 1 & 2, BC1, SBC 1 & 2, BBR 1 & 2.Closed: EIC, EBC 1 & 2.BTC= bus tie cont, BC= batt cont, SBC= shed bus cont, BBR= backup bus relay, EIC= ess interconnection cont, EBC= ess bus cont
What does the essential power button do & what is its normal position?(2-05-15 p. 3) Overrides the automatic transfer to the electrical emergency circuitry, connecting the batteries directly to the essential buses, regardless of any other command from the EDL. Normally out, dark and guarded.
Where does the "GPU AVAIL" inscription in the GPU button get its electrical power & what does it mean?(2-05-15 p. 3) Powered from the GPU plug meaning the GPU is properly connected and ready to power the aircraft.
Where are the hot battery powered circuit breakers located? (2-05-20 p. 2-3) Row A (bottom) of the overhead panel, on each side of the center break.
What items are powered by the hot buses?(2-05-20 p. 4-6) Hot bus 1: ELT, fuel SOV 1, hyd SOV 1, squib 1A, squib 2A, & refueling panel.Hot bus 2: Cabin door hyd valve, courtesy lights, fuel SOV 2, hyd SOV 2, squib 1B, & squib 2B.
What happens when the shed bus selector knob is put in the OVRD position? (2-05-15 p. 4) Closes the shed bus contactors (SBCs) when the airplane is on the ground with ≥ 1 operating generator.
What equipment will work on the ground only with the shed buses switch in the OVRD position when 1 or 2 generators are operating (i.e., What Items are powered by the shed buses)? (2-05-20 p. 4-6) Recirculation fans, nose landing & taxi lights, CD player & pre-recorded announcements, windshield heat 2, reading lights / attendant call, galley, flashlight chargers, & SELCAL system.
What powers the fuel pumps?(2-05-20 p. 4-6) Pump A: On-side ESS DC bus.Pump B: Cross-side ESS DC bus.Pump C: On-side DC bus.
What powers the wing landing lights? On-side DC buses. (2-05-20 p. 4-6)
Where does the steering get electrical power? DC Bus 2 (2-05-20 p.4-6)
What powers the pitch trim system?(2-05-20 p. 4-6) Primary: DC Bus 1, Backup: Essential DC Bus 2
Describe the courtesy & airstairs lights.(2-06-10 p. 2) Main door light (main door ceiling panel), service door light, stairway lights (each step), cockpit step light (red light in the step).
What lights are illuminated with the courtesy light switch ON and the main door closed? Where do these lights get power?(2-06-10 p. 4 & 2-05-20 p. 4-6) Over-door light only. Courtesy lights get power from hot bus 2 or the ground service bus if the airplane is de-powered and the "GPU AVAIL" inscription is illuminated.
Describe the emergency lighting system.(2-06-20 p. 1) Internal & external lights provide illumination for cabin evacuation. Powered only by 4 dedicated battery packs charged through the essential bus. Batteries provide power for about 15 min.
How many exterior emergency lights are there?(2-06-20 p. 1) Exterior:• 2 lights on each side of the wing-to-fuselage fairing illuminate the wing escape route & ground area.• 1 main & 1 service door light illuminates associated areas when doors are open.
How many interior emergency lights are there?(2-06-20 p. 1) 24: 1 cockpit(ceil), 4 ceiling cabin lgt. Main, galley door & typ 3 exit lgts: 4 lights from the main aisle to each exit openings. Floor lights: Either photo or electro strips to identify the emergency esc path. Lit exit signs near each exit.
Describe the controls for the emergency lights.(2-06-20 p. 4-6) Cockpit: ON: Emerg lgts ON.ARM: Emerg lgts in stby mode. Lgts off & batts being charge. Illum auto is case of elect emerg. OFF: Emerg lgts OFF, batts not charg. FA's: NORM: Slvd to cockpit switch.ON: Emerg lights ON regard of the cockpit switch pos.
How does the engine & APU fire/overheat detection system work?(2-07-10 p.1) Sens tube contain a fixed vol of gas (He) and a gas-impregnated (H) core. The HE gas prov overheat sensing. The core senses hi-intens heating or fire. The heat incr the vol(press) of the gas and a switch closes. If the tube fails, a caut mess is present.
What happens if an "APU FIRE" warning message is on the EISAS in ground safe mode? How could the APU fire extinguisher bottle be discharged?(2-05-20 p. 4-6 & 2-07-10 p. 1) The APU will shut down after 10 s. The batteries must be turned on before the fire bottle will discharge because it is on ESS DC bus 2. (i.e., Only hot buses are energized as soon as the APU shuts down in ground safe mode.)
How is the extinguishing agent discharged?(2-07-10 p. 4) Breaking the extinguishing bottle's seal through an electrically activated cartridge (squib) installed in the discharge valve.
What happens when an engine fire extinguishing handle is pulled? Rotated?(2-07-10 p. 7) Pulled: Closes the fuel, hydraulic, bleed air, & lip anti-icing shutoff valves of the associated engine.Rotated: When rotated counterclockwise or clockwise, it respectively discharges bottles A or B into the associated engine.
Describe the fire detection system test button.(2-07-10 p. 7) Test is success if the follow condit occur: EICAS Warn: ENG1 (2) FIRE, APU FIRE, & BAGG SMOKE. EICAS Caut: E1 (2) FIREDET FAIL & APU FIREDET FAIL. Fire handles illum.Bag fire ext button illum. Bag compart fan deactivates. Fire bell.
What happens if the APU is running and the fire detection system test button is pressed for ≥ 10 s.? APU shuts down if on the ground.(2-07-10 p. 7)
What do you do if you test the fire detection system and the BAGG EXTG button remains lit? (2-07-10 pp. 7-8) The test button might not have been held for ≥ 2 s. Wait ≥ 6 s and repeat the test.
Describe the lavatory waste fire extinguisher? Temperature sensitive heads on the bottle discharging tube outlets melt. No indication in the cockpit that the bottle has discharged. (2-07-15 p.1)
Describe the baggage fire extinguishing system.(2-07-20 p. 1) 2 fire ext bott are inst in the rear elect compart. 1 high disc bott fills the compart instantly, while 1 metered bott prov the req lvl of ext agent for 50 min. Upon smoke detect, the smoke detect deactiv the bag compart fan, illum the BAGG EXTG button.
What does it mean when BAGG EXTG button is


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Starting with the basics: What is a graph database, and what is it useful for?
Here's the short answer. Graph databases store data in vertices and edges versus tables, as found in relational databases. Graph databases are the most efficient way of looking for relationships between data items, patterns of relationships or interactions between multiple data items, while traditional relational database shine at queries looking for information about some item, or sums or averages of many items of the same type of information.
Now let's review what a graph database isn't. The standard type of database is the relational database – the kind built with database management systems sold by Oracle, IBM and Microsoft and others. You can think of a relational database as made up of several tables, rectangular grids of information, each one looking much like a spreadsheet. Each table can have a different number of rows and columns, and hold a different set of types of information. For example, a snippet of a company's employee database might hold data like this:
Another table in the same database might hold information about managers:
A graph database, at least conceptually, stores its data in a different structure, a directed graph. Conceptually, directed graphs are made up of bubbles and arrows, as in this diagram:
The bubbles are called "vertices" and the arrows are called "edges."
Data items stored in one of the fields of a relational table are, in a graph database, stored in a vertex of the graph. Data descriptors, for example "Department managed" or "Reports to" in the table just above, are stored with edges in the graph. For example, if we took our management table above and represented it in a graph database, it might look like this:
Each data item occurs only once in the graph. There is a unique "Brenda Roberts" vertex, for example. In the type of graph database Cray uses, also called a "semantic" database, each field of the relational database corresponds to a simple, subject-verb-object triple in the graph: "Jack Jones" "Reports to" "Brenda Roberts." I threw in a little additional information that's not in the relational table— that Brenda Roberts manages the Accounting department — just to show that each vertex may be the "subject" of some triples ("Brenda Roberts" "Department managed" "Accounting") and the "object" of others ("Jack Jones" "Reports to" "Brenda Roberts").
So the big difference between relational databases and graph databases is how they represent data. Interestingly, the query languages used for each aren't all that different. SPARQL, a standard query language for graph databases, looks a lot like SQL, the established standard for relational databases. Now, on to the important question: What is each of them good for?
Relational databases are great. After 40-some years of development and refinement, they are reliable, powerful and capable. They can hold huge amounts of data. Some of them can be updated thousands of times per second. If you want to query a relational database about sales, sales per product or sales per product per region, you're in good shape. Any time you're looking for information about some item, or sums or averages of many items of the same type of information, you'll get the answer back quickly.
What are relational databases not good at? They fall down when you're looking for relationships between data items, patterns of relationships or interactions between multiple data items. Let's contrast two queries: first, suppose you wrote a query that amounted to
show all the employees who work in our Houston store
A relational database would scan through the employees table, looking for matches to "Houston" in the "location" field in the table. You'd get the answer back in milliseconds. Now, instead, suppose you asked
show all of the employees whose management chain includes the person who taught their new-hire-orientation class
The employee's date-of-hire might be a field in the same employees table, but the new-hire-orientation class rosters are probably in another table. So the query has to take every employee and search against the class rosters to find which new-hire-orientation class they attended. Let's assume that this points us to the instructor of that class. Now we have to do a really elaborate search. Is that orientation instructor the employee's supervisor? No? Well, is the orientation instructor that person's supervisor? And on and on we crawl up the employee's management chain. Either of two things will happen: The relational database would take minutes, even hours, to get all the answers – or the database system will run out of resources and fail to return any answers. Graph databases, on the other hand, can return answers to this second query in milliseconds. Because they are built to search through graphs, they can traverse up through a management chain many times faster than a relational database could – if it succeeded at all.
You might infer that, since SPARQL looks a lot like SQL, it can probably handle a lot of the same types of queries that relational databases are good at. You'd be right. The graph database might not be as fast, but it'll do OK. But it really shines on those complex queries that the relational database can't handle well, if at all.
What kinds of applications can make good use of a graph database? Applications where it's useful to find patterns of relationships between data items. This is not every database application – it's no accident that relational databases are so popular – but there are many significant graph applications which cannot be analyzed accurately and efficiently via relational databases:
- In many intelligence and law enforcement applications, it's important to look for a pattern of events. Any one of the events may look innocuous, but the view of all of them together, and how they are directly or indirectly related to each other, is ominous. Chief Bad Guy sends an email to Bad Guy A, makes a phone call to Bad Guy B and sends a courier message to Bad Financier. Bad Guy A takes a train to Berlin. Bad Guy B takes a flight to Berlin. Bad Financier wires money to Bad Guy C. Bad Guy C lives in Berlin. Bad Guys A and B take a flight from Berlin to Atlanta.
- Similarly, investment banks guarding against insider trading have to look for a suspicious pattern of actions, not necessarily any single action. Investment Banker A gets insider information about Stock S. Banker A sends email to Joe IT, an information technologist at the same bank. Joe IT phones Banker A. At close of business, Banker A and Joe IT badge out within seconds of each other. That night, Joe IT makes a purchase of Stock S.
- The bioinformatics research community has largely adopted graph databases and the SPARQL query language. They are a natural fit to the huge network of relationships between all the chemicals present in the human body. One of our bioinformatics customers traced a chain of "this interacts with this" relationships from a drug designed to combat AIDS, via various proteins, human cells and other molecules, out to a discovery that the same drug might be effective against breast cancer.
- Many vendors of consumer products have become interested in social network analysis (SNA). This has to do with constructing a graph of relationships between people. Facebook is an example of a social network, with its links between people and their friends. Graph searches might reveal which person is probably influential over his/her friends, which groups of friends share a common interest, and so on – which could lead to some very sophisticated, highly targeted marketing strategies.
Okay, that's a quick look at why graph databases are worth considering. Basically it sums up to the fact that graph databases can answer complex questions that relational databases can't. A truly sophisticated, effective analytics environment will include both relational and graph databases.


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When it comes to the breathability of your Mazda, an intake is the best place to start. The benefits are immediate, the installation is quite simple and it's genuinely the best first step to getting some power and fun out of your Mazda or Mazdaspeed.
Bringing more air into the intake chamber, the intake system allows you to increase horsepower and torque for your Mazdaspeed. Each is designed to maintain optimal flow and generate ideal performance for your Mazda, with exacting tolerances and using the latest in computer-aided manufacturing techniques to bring you the highest quality and best-performing part for your money. You can expect to gain up to 30+ HP from this simple to install intake system.
Types of Air Intake systems
Short ram air intakes suck in large amounts of heated air within the engine to help in efficient combustion. These are short and wide pipes because it uses a shorter pipe than the cold air intake, it only has access to warm air near the engine. To make up for this, it sucks in more air than cold air intakes.
Cold air intakes are a type of ram air intake system that works by drawing in cool air from outside and into the Mazda's engine. This type of intake often has minimal bends and has a long duct with access to cool air. With cooler air coursing through the engine, combustion requires less heat and fuel.
Why Replace Your Mazdaspeed or Mazda Air Intake System
More often than not, car enthusiasts and expert mechanics recommend that you purchase an air intake as soon as possible. Even vehicles of the latest makes and models benefit from an aftermarket air intake system. Below are five of the reasons why an air intake system can improve your Mazda engine's performance.
Keep in mind, when an intake is paired with a cold air box or battery box, you create a great look for your engine bay and increase your overall Mazda performance. Also, when paired with fuel pump internals, you'll be able to increase the efficiency, power and set yourself up for future modifications as well!
Why replace your intake system?
1. Increased Acceleration
With an upgraded intake, your Mazda can experience increased horsepower. Upgraded intakes can also increase your engine's responsiveness when speedy acceleration is required. Because there is more air available and ready for combustion with aftermarket air intakes, your engine reaches the desired speed faster compared to the stock intake that comes with your Mazda. Those who enjoy racing, autocross, or drag strips with their Mazda or who if you just like quick acceleration as soon as the traffic light turns green, an aftermarket air intake can help you enjoy your get up and go a bit more.
2. Greater Fuel Economy
Engines rely on a mixture of fuel and air to create an explosion that powers your Mazdaspeed. When there is not enough air pumping through the engine, your Mazda consumes more gas to compensate for the lack of oxygen. Stock intakes that come with your Mazda are designed to be quiet instead of fuel efficient, and as a result, they tend to use more gasoline. Pumping in more air via an upgraded intake can reduce gas consumption and translate to savings on fuel expenses. For those who are concerned about fuel efficiency…we should note here: that the enhanced sound may cause you to have a heavier foot and decrease your fuel efficiency in exchange for spirited driving.
3. More Effective Filters
The stock air intakes that come with your Mazda normally have disposable paper filters to catch debris. While these filters do their job in trapping particles that may potentially wreak havoc on your engine, the filters eventually require replacement (often a great upsell item for your local technicians). Aftermarket intakes, on the other hand, are equipped with filters that typically have to be cleaned every 20,000 to 50,000 miles (just some soapy water and let it dry completely before reinstallation). This not only saves money but it also provides a more effective filtration method that not only keeps debris out but also lets a larger qty of air inside.
4. Enhanced Sound
Those who like the aggressive sound of a roaring Mazdaspeed engine should enjoy our upgraded intakes the most. Because more air enters through the intake to the engine, it produces a sound that our Mazda enthusiasts find thrilling.
5. Better Overall Performance
With the simple installation of an upgraded intake, you can increase the overall performance of your Mazda. Whether you decide to go for the short ram or the cold air intake, you increase your Mazda's efficiency, speed, power, and sound.
Looking for an intake system or upgraded intake components to fit your Model?
Shop Our Selection of Intakes By Model:


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How to cite this article: Kumar VS. Journal watch. Karnataka Pediatr J 2022;37:65-9.
Source: Mattila et al. Effect of point-of-care testing for respiratory pathogens on antibiotic use in children: A randomised clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2022 Jun 1;5(6):e2216162. doi: 10.1001/ jamanetworkopen.2022.16162. PMID: 35679047.
There is limited data available on the clinical impact of multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) point-of-care testing for respiratory pathogens in acutely ill children.
This unblended and randomised clinical trial study tries to evaluate the effect of multiplex PCR point-of-care testing for respiratory pathogens on antibiotic use in acutely ill children. The participants were followed up until hospitalisation or discharge from the emergency department (ED) for the primary outcome. The participants were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio either to undergo multiplex PCR point-of-care testing (18 respiratory viruses and three bacteria with results ready within 70 min) on arrival at the ED or to receive routine care. The primary outcome was the proportion of children receiving antibiotic therapy. The secondary outcomes were the number of diagnostic tests and radiographic imaging procedures performed and costs.
After exclusions, 1243 children (692 boys [56%]) were randomly allocated to either the intervention (829 children) or control (414 children) group. Multiplex PCR point-of-care testing for respiratory pathogens did not reduce the overall prescribing of antibiotics in the ED (226 children [27.3%] in the intervention group vs. 118 children [28.5%] in the control group; risk ratio, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.79–1.16). Targeted antibiotic therapy was started in 12 children (1.4%) tested with point-of-care multiplex PCR and two children (0.5%) in the control group (risk ratio, 3.0; 95% CI, 0.76–11.9). The number of diagnostic tests did not differ between the groups, nor did the costs.
Therefore, testing for respiratory pathogens appears to have a limited impact on clinical decision-making for acutely ill children.
Source: Edlow et al. Neurodevelopmental outcomes at 1 year in infants of mothers who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy. JAMA Netw Open. 2022 Jun 1;5(6):e2215787. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.15787. PMID: 35679048.
The authors have published the findings of a study evaluating the association between exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in utero and neurodevelopmental disorders within the first 12 months of life. They included 7772 live births across six hospital sites with 222 births to mothers who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and found an association between SARS-CoV-2 and a diagnostic code for a neurodevelopmental disorder after adjusting for preterm birth. Although the prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorder diagnoses cannot be calculated exactly due to suppressed counts, it was estimated to be approximately 3% in the unexposed group and 6% in the exposed group within the first 12 months.
Given that we are only 2 years into the pandemic, much of the effect of in utero exposure to maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection remains poorly understood. As noted by the authors, the inflammatory environment that is observed with infection is concerning for long-term adverse health consequences for the offspring and has been demonstrated with other infections. Yet, we wonder whether it is the virus itself or the societal changes and stresses of the pandemic that is adversely affecting childhood outcomes.
The authors appropriately note two critical limitations of their work: (1) It is difficult to fully adjust for all the baseline differences between groups with and without a positive SARS-CoV-2 test in pregnancy and (2) there is potential for ascertainment bias. Although the authors performed a series of sensitivity analyses to ensure that their data are robust and performed multivariable modeling to adjust for confounding, there may still be residual confounding from differences in the home environment or other exposures during pregnancy. The earlier timing of diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders in the exposed group suggests that they may have been evaluated earlier or more frequently for neurodevelopmental disorders when compared with the unexposed group. Ideally, all offspring in the cohort would have been evaluated using a standardised methodology, which will be important moving forward as prospective studies are designed rather than needing to rely on diagnostic codes.
These preliminary data are critically important, yet, many questions remain. Essentially, all of what we know now about the effects of in utero exposure to maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection is from children who were exposed to the early and alpha variants of SARS-CoV-2 as those are the only children now old enough to undergo rigorous neurodevelopmental assessments. Knowledge about the effects of other variants is lacking. We know that the delta variant substantially damaged the placenta and was associated with a much higher risk of stillbirth compared with other variants. This placental damage in conjunction with inflammation and cytokine release has the potential for substantial ramifications for the offspring. Thus, outcomes may be different by a variant of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection. Importantly, we also have no data on whether prior vaccination will have a protective effect against adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes for the offspring of mothers with SARS-CoV-2 beyond the direct benefit of persistent antibodies in the cord blood and through infancy.
Ultimately, it is not surprising that the pandemic and in utero exposure to maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection may adversely affect neurodevelopmental outcomes in young children. As a retrospective cohort study, this publication can only demonstrate associations and causality cannot be determined. This type of work is intended to be hypothesis-generating and that goal has been accomplished as these preliminary findings generate numerous additional research questions to explore. Are there genetic predispositions to adverse outcomes? Will we observe differential effects by SARS-CoV-2 variant, by the severity of infection and by trimester of infection? Is it the virus itself or all of the societal changes that occurred during this period including differences in how those changes were experienced among those with and without SARS-CoV-2?
Perhaps, the most important question is how do we intervene to help mitigate the adverse effects of the pandemic on young children? Prospective studies to validate these findings, tease out some of the nuances and identify those at highest risk will help health care practitioners appropriately dedicate resources to improve outcomes as we follow the life course of this generation of children born during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Source: Ogundele MO, Yemula C. Management of sleep disorders among children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders: A practical guide for clinicians. World J Clin Pediatr. 2022 Mar 15;11(3):239-252. doi: 10.5409/ wjcp.v11.i3.239. PMID: 35663001; PMCID: PMC9134149.
There is a complex relationship between sleep disorders and childhood neurodevelopmental, emotional, behavioural and intellectual disorders (NDEBIDs). NDEBID includes several conditions such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy, epilepsy and learning (intellectual) disorders. Up to 75% of children and young people (CYP) with NDEBID are known to experience different types of insomnia, compared to 3% to 36% in normally developing population. Sleep disorders affect 15%– 19% of adolescents with no disability, in comparison with 26% to 36% among CYP with moderate learning disability (LD) and 44% among those with severe LD. Chronic sleep deprivation is associated with significant risks of behavioural problems, impaired cognitive development and learning abilities, poor memory, mood disorders and school problems. It also increases the risk of other health outcomes, such as obesity and metabolic consequences, significantly impacting the well-being of other family members.
This narrative review of the extant literature provides a brief overview of sleep physiology, aetiology, classification and prevalence of sleep disorders among CYP with NDEBIDs. It outlines various strategies for management, including parenting training/psychoeducation, use of cognitive-behavioural strategies and pharmacotherapy. Practical management, including assessment, investigations, care plan formulation and follow-up, is outlined in a flow chart.
Source: Lelak K, Vohra V, Neuman MI, Toce MS, Sethuraman U. Paediatric melatonin ingestions — united states, 2012–2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2022;71:725–729. DOI: _URL_ icon
It is known that Melatonin is regulated by the Food and Drug Administration as a dietary supplement and is a widely available over-the-counter sleep aid for adults and children. Melatonin is widely available in tablet, capsule, liquid and gummy formulations. However, during 2012–2021, the annual number of paediatric ingestions of melatonin increased by 530% with a total of 260,435 ingestions reported. Most hospitalised patients were teenagers with intentional ingestions, whereas the largest increase in hospitalisation occurred among children aged ≤5 years with unintentional ingestions. Paediatric hospitalisations and more serious outcomes also increased, primarily due to an increase in unintentional melatonin ingestions in children aged ≤5 years.


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Librarians excel at teaching patrons how to use resources for their research and learning needs. Librarians can introduce these skills into faculty technology training since faculty research needs often intersect with their technology interest, be it mobile devices, technology-enhanced teaching strategies, or tools that support their research. The purpose of this paper is to explore a framework for collaboration in technology training through the lens of a "faculty learning community" and a "diffusion of innovation theory." This will be examined through a case study of the author's library, where a multi-year intentional and systematic collaboration with instructional design and Information Technology (IT) staff led to the library taking on a leadership role in technology training at its institution.
"Cohort-Based Technology Training: A Collaboration with Faculty Grounded in Diffusion of Innovation and Faculty Learning Community Theories,"
Collaborative Librarianship: Vol. 7
, Article 6.
Available at: _URL_


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Alphonse Chapanis, a Founder of Ergonomics, Dies at 85
By STUART LAVIETES
Published: October 15, 2002
Alphonse Chapanis, a founder of ergonomics, a branch of engineering that considers product and workplace design from the physical point of view of the actual user, died on Oct. 4 in Baltimore. He was 85.
Dr. Chapanis, a Johns Hopkins University professor who received a Ph.D. in psychology from Yale University in 1943, began his career in the Army, where he was assigned to investigate a string of mysterious runway crashes of B-17 bombers.
He discovered that the accidents were the result of poor cockpit design: the bomber's instrument panel had identical side-by-side toggles, one to control the flaps and the other to operate the landing gear. Weary pilots sometimes flipped the wrong toggle during landing, retracting the wheels and causing a crash.
Later in the war, he studied the effects of high altitude on psychology and physiology.
Dr. Chapanis joined the faculty of Johns Hopkins in 1946. Three years later, he and two colleagues at the university, Wendell Garner and Clifford Morgan, published the first ergonomics textbook, "Applied Experimental Psychology: Human Factors in Engineering Design."
As a professor of psychology and industrial engineering, and during the years after his retirement from Johns Hopkins in 1982, Dr. Chapanis worked with industry to make new technologies simpler to use and work environments and systems safer and more efficient.
One of his most notable projects was his work as a consultant on the development of the keypad for push-button telephones. He tested six configurations of buttons, one with two vertical rows of five keys, one with two horizontal rows of five keys, and four three-by-three arrangements with the 10th key placed either above, below or to either side of the square. The configuration that was chosen has remained the standard, even with the miniaturization of phones brought on by mobile technology.
Dr. Chapanis was also a consultant on the development of teleconferencing and voice mail, and helped improve oil exploration techniques and commercial shipping operations.
Alphonse Chapanis was born in Meriden, Conn., on March 17, 1917. He is survived by his wife, Vivian, of Towson, Md.; two children, Roger, of Seattle, and Linda Chapanis Fox of Honolulu; four stepchildren; and seven grandchildren.
In his 1999 autobiography, "The Chapanis Chronicles," he reviewed his career and provided a history of his field, which has been known as psychophysical systems research, engineering psychology, human factors, human engineering and, finally, ergonomics. He also revealed his cold war intelligence-gathering on government-sponsored trips to Europe, where he reported on the Soviet space program.
He also shed light on the attitudes of some corporate executives in the years before huge product-liability judgments. He described a meeting in a private showroom with Lynn A. Townsend, the chairman of Chrysler.
"I was looking at a sporty model that had a steering column with a sharply pointed tip extending an inch or two beyond the steering wheel," he wrote. "Townsend asked me what I thought about it. My exact, or very nearly exact, words were: 'Mr. Townsend, do you know what you've designed here? You've designed a spear aimed at the driver's heart.' I also remember distinctly his cynical reply, 'Doc, it'll sell.' "


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There is no legitimate reason why women can't be sushi chefs, but plenty of excuses and old wives' tales abound in the male-dominated world of raw fish. Here, we recount the top reasons given to us by men as to why women and raw fish don't gel:
5. Because women menstruate: In an interview with the WSJ, Yoshikazu Ono, the son of Jiro Ono who runs the three-starred Michelin restaurant Sukiyabashi Jiro in Tokyo, says:
"The reason is because women menstruate. To be a professional means to have a steady taste in your food, but because of the menstrual cycle women have an imbalance in their taste, and that's why women can't be sushi chefs."
4. Because women wear makeup and perfume: These interfere with olfactory senses when preparing sushi.
3. Because women can't handle the work: Sushi involves hard labor, including gutting and slicing fish, working long hours and taking the last train home.
2. Because women have smaller hands: That messes up the size of the nigiri (mound of rice upon which the fish is placed).
1. And the number one reason: Because women's hands are too warm, which makes the rice too warm.
Needless to say, all of these reasons are bogus, folks.
View a slideshow of Nadeshico Sushi in Tokyo. It is Japan's first sushi restaurant featuring a cast of female chefs.
Follow Mariko Sanchanta on Twitter _USER_
For the latest news and analysis, follow _USER_


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This case study investigation reflects on the use of metaphors to teach postgraduate education students the importance of personal bias and subjectivity to their research, and advocates the use of critical reflexivity to deal with it. Students are reluctant to be critically reflective as they can feel threatened by the reflective process, feel they can sit apart or outside their research, write without bias and/or feel critical reflection may damage their research findings. It explores the effectiveness of an approach to overcome this reluctance by applying a metaphor. In a Zambian research class, students introduced a metaphor for personal bias by likening it to an encounter with a hidden hippopotamus. These are difficult to tame, hard to deal with, and can remain hidden for a long time. They appear unexpectedly, cannot be ignored, and awareness the main defence. Subsequent dissertations showed an improved early adoption of critical reflexivity. This metaphor was then used as a key discussion point on a postdoctoral education programme in the UK and investigated formally using focus groups. Students reported a greater understanding of personal bias, recognised the importance of being critically reflexive, and felt the metaphor was instrumental in their understanding of the need to advise of their position in the research. Underpinning this approach is the assertion that metaphors can help explain personal traits that are difficult for individuals to describe (Hoggan, 2016). The use of a personal values framework; morality, competency, personal and social behaviour, provided a supportive writing framework resulting in an increase in critical reflexivity early in the students research.
|Number of pages||15|
|Early online date||31 Jan 2017|
|Publication status||Published - 1 Jun 2017|
- critical reflexivity
- personal bias


Lightning Arrester in Sioux Falls, SD
Earthing is an essential part of any electrical system as it ensures that fault current does not cause damage to appliances or worse still cause electrocution. There are different types of earthing; the conventional earthing and chemical earthing. The conventional earthing is the old method of earthing. With the invent of the chemical earthing, the process of earthing has become more advanced and effective. Chemical earthing, which is also referred to as Gel earthing is more reliable and completely non-bothersome. It can be effectively used at home and in industries.
Earthing is vital in any place where electricity. Its major role is to eliminate electrolytic action from any dynamic or electrostatic discharge that might harm sensitive or any electrical appliances using electricity.
Chemical or Gel Earthing is more advanced than conventional earthing. It has the following advantages when used:
- It is long lasting. lightning arrester in Sioux Falls, SD. lightning arrester in Sioux Falls, SD. Once installed, it can serve its purpose for over 30 years.
- Since it is long lasting, once installed you will not be worried about electrical faults or budget for them again. You spend money once on it and forget about it for a long time. Isn't that economical?
- There is no maintenance cost.
- It is also friendly to the environment and surroundings
- It is absolutely safe to be used in homes, offices as well as industries. In fact, it can be used to protect both humans and electrical appliances.
- They are economical in terms of the amount of space they occupy.
There are various types of chemical earthing electrodes that are used on different appliances and for different purposes. Each is custom made to ensure that it works well where it is used. These include:
- Galvanized Iron (GI) earthing electrode: This is commonly used for C.N.C and P.L.C machinery. It is designed in a way that it is highly galvanized, has high conductivity and is resistant to corrosion.
- Copper Electrode: These are preferred for most types of earthing because they have a high fault current carrying capacity which ensures that all faults current is taken care of. In fact, they ensure that if any electrical appliance, be it industrial or domestic is safe from conducting fault current even if it has some conductive parts exposed to this current. They also are good at conducting heat and are resistant to corrosion.
- Copper bonded Electrodes: This type has an even coating that has made it more stable in performance. They are highly resistant to corrosion and can last longer in any soil type. It is also strong and unbreakable. It comes in a variety of sizes that suit the various demands of clients.
- Copper bonded rods: There are different varieties; threaded, non-threaded, one side threaded another pointed, or made according to the desire of the customer (custom-made). They have been electroplated and are long lasting. They can be used to ensure fault current does not spoil any electrical appliances.
Lightning can be destructive to both human beings and other electrical appliances. When lightning strikes and causes the abrupt switching off of appliances, it results in transient over voltage.
Lightning arresters can avert this problem by transmitting current from lightning to the ground and ensure the safety of the whole house. E.S.E lightning arresters are specially designed to ensure that they stand all types of weather conditions, they are strong, resistant to corrosion and they have technology that enables them counter lightning. They do not need external power to operate and have been fitted with earthing technology. They are easy to install and comply fully with the industrial standards. You don't have to live in fear whenever lightning strikes, because they are cost effective.
Service Locations
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text:
Delaware state flag
is the second smallest state. Its capital is Dover. Delaware's
statehood is December 7,1787. Delaware is called "The First State".
Delaware is also called Diamond State. The reason for that is because
it was the first of the original 13 states to approve the constitution.
Delaware was a state even before that though. New Castle was named
the state capital of Delaware, in 1776. But it was changed to Dover
a year later (1777). Kent County, lies in Dover. There are
only three counties in the second smallest state, Delaware. The population
of Delaware is 731,900. It is ranked 46th in population.
Delaware's State Bird
Delaware's state bird is the blue hen chicken. The old english game
hen. The "blue hen" is a variety of the old English game hen.
This breed of chicken is developed for fighting. These fights were
a common sport in Colonial America. Rooster fights are illegal now.
Not many people raise the blue variety of game hen, but they are still
used in show.
Delaware's State Tree
The American holly is a tree that has red berries, and waxy pointed green
leaves. American holly trees grow wild in most of the southeast.
There are over 300 varieties of holly, developed by tree cultivators.
Delaware State Flower
Delaware's state flower is the Peach Blossom. The Peach blossom is colored by the pink blossoms of the peach trees. Peach blossoms are small with five petals. Peach trees stand 15 to 25 feet (5-8 meters) tall. The first peach trees were probably brought to North America by the Spanish explorers in the 1500's.
Return to Mid-Atlantic Region homepage
Return to the U.S. homepage
Go to credits page


text:
What happens beneath your feet can have a huge impact on a farm's production.
Waipukurau-based agroecologist Nicole Masters asked farmers at the Beef + Lamb annual seminar, held at Lincoln University, to spare a thought for life below.
"It may come as a surprise, but the largest limiting factor for farm productivity relies on how well we can support the life of our free underground workforce," she said.
"What we do above ground can have a huge effect on what happens below our feet.
"All soil systems contain biology.
"How much and what kind is the key to success.
"Right now under your feet you could be carrying between one Angus steer in weight per hectare to five Angus bulls, depending on your management practices. That's a considerable difference in biomass and it may mean you may have more stock underground than you do above, and the benefits they pass on are massive."
She said healthy soils had networks of fine fungal threads holding soils together to help reduce soil erosion provide phosphorus and nitrogen, and help plants to access water.


Double Dutch
Previous Page
Double Dutch : Phrases
Nonsense - a language one cannot understand.
The English used to hold the Dutch in very low regard, on account of the hostilities between their two countries in the 17th century. As a consequence of the previous antagonism, there are numerous English phrases which portray Dutch items in a poor light:
Dutch comfort = cold comfort
Dutch concert = pandemonium
Dutch courage = the courage of drink
Dutch crossing = crossing the street slant wise
Dutch treat = each pays for their own expenses
Going Dutch = sharing the bill
That 'coiled up against the sun' appendage is now defunct, but appears frequently in early citations of the phrase.
An earlier reference to the difficulty in the understanding of Dutch by English speakers comes from Dibdin's Poor Jack, 1789:
"Why 'twas just all as one as High Dutch."
Phrases Index
From Double Dutch to HOME PAGE


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The overall aim of these different streams in the Part-time Postgraduate Diploma in Education Programme – Subject Teaching and Subject Knowledge (PgD in Ed – STSK) is to provide professional training to serving teachers who are not graduates in the respective subject but are teaching or aspiring to teach that subject.
The aim of each stream of the programme is to help student to develop pedagogical skills and knowledge of a designated specialised subject with a view to enabling them to become subject specialists in schools.
- To develop in students expertise in subject knowledge and pedagogical skills pertaining to a specializing school subject which is not the major subject in their university study. The pedagogical skills include effective strategies for the planning, conducting and evaluating of teaching of this specializing subject; and
- To enhance teachers personal qualities which support their daily work and professional development. These personal qualities include interpersonal effectiveness, creativity, self-understanding, and the motivation and readiness for self-reflection and self-improvement.
INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES
Upon the completion of the programme, graduates are able to:
- develop subject knowledge pertaining to a specializing school subject which is not the major subject in students' university study.
- develop pedagogical content knowledge for effective teaching of the specializing school subject.
- acquire effective strategies for planning, conducting and evaluating of teaching of the specializing school subject.
- demonstrate a reflective and sensitive mind in educational practices and social issues.
- show commitments to uphold professional integrity and advancement of the profession.
Applicants are required to choose "Primary School Focus" or "Secondary School Focus" when submitting their admission application. Upon admitted, they are required to complete a total number of 28 units that consists of a pedagogical specialised subject (6 units) with supervised teaching practice assessment (4 units), and subject knowledge. (18 units)
Specializing subjects offered are:
|Primary School Focus:||English, Mathematics (Junior), Physical Education|
|Secondary School Focus:||English, Physical Education|
(Final provision of specializing subjects will depend on demand, and are offered at the discretion of the Department.)
The structure of the programme is as follows:
|Specialising Subject||Subject Teaching & STPA
(Total 18 units; 3 units each)
*Students who successfully complete this PgD in Ed – English STSK will meet the requirements for both subject knowledge and language proficiency for English teachers in schools as stipulated by the Education Bureau (EDB).
Classes are scheduled on weekday evenings and Saturdays.
The programme adopts a student-centred approach that builds on the knowledge and experience that students bring with them. Teaching is conducted through lectures, lecture-discussions, seminars, workshops, microteaching, on-site peer observation and supervised teaching practice. Coursework emphasises reflection, creativity and continuous development of the teacher.
Both Chinese and English languages are used in the Programme (except English STSK). The choice of medium of instruction depends on the nature of individual courses.
- Requirements of Field Practice (To fulfill the requirements for satisfactory completion of Field Practice, students are required to:)
- accumulate a duration of 12 weeks on-site Supervised Teaching Practice in a school setting if they do not have a full-time teaching position during the period of study;
- teach at least 48 lessons on his/her major subject (or equivalent to 32 teaching hours);
- complete at least 2 Supervised Teaching Practice Assessments (STPA);
- attend two Reflective Seminars; and
- submit a Reflective Teaching Portfolio.
- Arrangement of Field Practice
- it is an expectation that students arrange Field Practice by themselves;
- it is the students' responsibility to notify the Department as soon as they have obtained a teaching/teaching-related post and they should then supply the relevant documents (e.g. the employment contract, testimonial of employment, etc.) to the Department for verification and record purposes; and
- it is suggested that students should report any difficulties in arranging Field Practice to the Department.
GRADUATION REQUIREMENTS & ACADEMIC AWARDS
Students who have satisfactorily completed the Programme will be awarded the Postgraduate Diploma in Education by the University. To be eligible for the award, students must:
- complete a total of 28 units within the specified duration of the programme;
- obtain a 'Satisfactory' in Supervised Teaching Practice Assessment;
- obtain Grade C- or above in all courses; and
- achieve a cumulative GPA of 2.5 or above.
To be awarded Distinction for the Programme, students should attain a cumulative GPA of 3.67 or above, with no course grade below B- and no repeated courses. Students attaining a cumulative GPA between 3.40 and 3.66 will be awarded Merit.
Graduates from PgD in Ed – English STSK will be recognized as
- trained in English language teaching at the postgraduate diploma level;
- having fulfilled SCOLAR's requirement for PGSK in English;
- exempted from LPAT (English).


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You can combine several objects into a group so that the objects are treated as a single unit. You can then move or transform a number of objects without affecting their attributes or relative positions. For example, you might group the objects in a logo design so that you can move and scale the logo as one unit.
Grouped objects are stacked in succession on the same layer of the artwork and behind the frontmost object in the group; therefore, grouping may change the layering of objects and their stacking order on a given layer. If you select objects in different layers and then group them, the objects are grouped in the layer of the topmost selected object.
Groups can also be nested—that is, they can be grouped within other objects or groups to form larger groups. Groups appear as items in the Layers panel. You can use the Layers panel to move items in and out of groups.
Expanding objects enables you to divide a single object into multiple objects that make up its appearance. For example, if you expand a simple object, such as a circle with a solid-color fill and a stroke, the fill and the stroke each become a discrete object. If you expand more complex artwork, such as an object with a pattern fill, the pattern is divided into all of the distinct paths that created it.
You typically expand an object when you want to modify the appearance attributes and other properties of specific elements within it. In addition, expanding objects may be helpful when you want to use an object that is native to Illustrator (such as a mesh object) in a different application that doesn't recognize the object.
Expanding is particularly helpful if you are having difficulty printing transparency effects, 3D objects, patterns, gradients, strokes, blends, flares, envelopes, or symbols.
Sets the tolerance for color values between color stops. Higher numbers help maintain a smooth color transition; low numbers can create a more banded appearance.
Hold down Alt (Windows) or Option (Mac OS) as you choose Object > Expand to expand a gradient using the settings last entered in the Expand dialog box.


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Since there was slavery in the Americas between their discovery and 1856, do we know of any Jewish slave-owners there who observed slavery-related laws of Judaism?
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Great question. You are not the first one to have wondered about it. There seems to be little information addressing this question directly, but check out this book, in which it is at least a minor concern of the author to point out that upstanding Jews may have been slave owners under the law in the Western Hemisphere. – WAF Jul 22 '11 at 14:56
Are there specific laws you are wondering about? – Gershon Gold Jul 22 '11 at 15:38
For that matter, I wonder if there were any Christian American slave-owners who explicitly observed the Torah's laws for slavery. – Isaac Moses Jul 22 '11 at 19:11
The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 was contrary to the Torah (Devarim 23:15-16). – Daniel ben Noach Jul 24 '11 at 7:29
We know that the laws of an Eved Ivri would not apply to African slaves in America. I doubt any slaves went through a half conversion to become an Eved Knani. What's left is a plain slave to whom, IINM, apply only the laws of the state (Dina D'Malchuta). IMHO the question needs to be a bit more focused. – David Perlman Jul 25 '11 at 11:11
3 Answers 3
From a conversation with Eli Faber (A professor of history at John Jay College in New York and author of Jews, Slaves and the Slave Trade: Setting the Record Straight):
The only thing I have encountered is a description of how, in Jamaica, the Jewish slave owner gave his slaves all of Saturday (Shabbat) as well as Sunday off. This was very significant because in Jamaica (I believe unlike in the eventual US), slaves were permitted to work parcels of land and sell the produce at markets. Accordingly, the slaves of Jews were able to plant more, sell more, and earn more money than those owned by non-Jews, who gave their slaves only half a day off on Saturdays, as well as Sundays. For my reference to this, as well as the source in which I found it, see the book I wrote, "Jews, Slaves, and the Slave Trade: Setting the Record Straight," page 62. Jews in Jamaica thus adhered to the Biblical prescription that slaves, servants, etc., were to be able to rest on Saturdays, too; see the fourth of the Ten Commandments ("Exodus," chapter 20). The owners in Jamaica clearly adhered to this Biblical command---though the slaves reportedly chose to work on Shabbat.
Based on his extensive research into the matter, I think we can conclude that this was the extent that Jewish slave owners observed slave-related commandments in the Americas.
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I wonder if this qualifies as a slave law or a Sabbath law. – user6591 Oct 2 at 15:08
My rav says he heard (can't remember from where) that many of the black Jews in B"SD America are descended from manumitted 'avdei kena'anim. I think there was a Moroccan Jew by the name of Lewi (Levy?) who lived in the southern part of the USA then & they may be his freed slaves (there were Jewish slave owners in N. Carolina as well). These dinim are from M. Yevamoth. Jews are NOT allowed to own stam slaves. A gentile slave can have a trial period w/a potential Jewish owner for 30 days, but he must then decide if he wants to leave his gentile master & convert into a kena'ani slave who will then be obligated in the same dinim that Jewish women are obligated (kashruth, shabbath, etc.). If he opts in, his giyur is done in such a way that he will not be able to speak just before, during & after his immersion so that he doesn't announce that his giyur is not for 'avduth, but for complete Yahaduth (in such a case, he'd be a full geir & NOT a slave, but he'd OWE his value as a slave to his former master & there is such an incident as that in M. Yevamoth in Bavel). A 'evedh kena'ani's slavery is a tiqun for him. R. Eli'ezer holds for giyur in general MILAH is enough. If a gentile wished to convert, performed milah, but DIED before his immersion, then he's buried in a Jewish cemetery. Who, then, is more "Jewish?" Such a man or an 'evedh kena'ani (who we say is NOT exactly Jewish!)?
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Welcome to the site. Answers should generally be sourced. Otherwise they can be presented as comments. Once you have 50 rep. points you will be able to comment. – mevaqesh Oct 3 at 0:50
Slavery related laws that I'm aware of, refer to Jewish slaves.
There are two types of slavery regarding Jewish slaves. One is when one kidnaps a person and enslaves him. I just happened to read in this week's parsha Ki Seitzei 24:7 "If a man is found kidnaping a person of his brethren among the children of Israel, and he enslaves him and sells him, that kidnaper shall die, and you shall remove the evil from your midst."
The other is in Parshat Mishpatim when a man is in debt and pays off the debt through slavery. That is where all the slavery laws I know of are listed. Regarding how to treat him, how and when to release him etc. Does not have relevance to slavery in Americas.
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the Torah says if a slave runs away You are NOT to return him to his owners – Chalutzhanal Sep 11 '11 at 23:58
when the original questioner asked about slavery-related laws, i'm assuming he meant releasing after 6 years, giving him a pillow, letting him marry etc... jewish slaves... i don't recall what youre saying being in the Torah. Which parsha is that in? Is it referring to an Eved Ivri? or non jewish slaves? – shoshana Sep 13 '11 at 23:43
It's true that there are fewer laws in the Torah about non-Jewish slaves, but they're there; they include Ex. 21:20-21 (capital punishment for beating one's slave to death), 21:26-27 (the slave goes free if his master knocks out his eye or tooth - halachah explains that this also includes various other body parts), and the one that Chalutzhanal is referring to, which is in Deut. 23:16-17. Aside from all of these, there is the halachic requirement to have one's non-Jewish slave undergo a quasi-conversion and accept some of the mitzvos (see David Perlman's comment on the question). – Alex Sep 14 '11 at 2:22
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=encoding ISO8859-1 =head1 NAME GvaScript.ChoiceList - Dropdown list of choices with navigation =head1 SYNOPSIS var choiceList = new GvaScript.ChoiceList(["foo", "bar", "buz"]); choiceList.fillContainer($('myChoiceDiv')); =head1 DESCRIPTION Displays a list of "choices", handles navigation in those choices, and generates events when a choice is highlighted, then selected, or when the list display is cancelled. At any moment the choiceList is bound to maximum one "container", and highlights exactly one choice in the list. =head1 BEHAVIOUR Once a choice list is displayed, the user can move the mouse over the list, thus highlighting various choices; then click on the highlighted choice to select it. Alternatively, the user can navigate the list with keys C, C, C, C, and then use either C (for selecting) or C (for cancelling). =head1 CONSTRUCTOR var choiceList = new GvaScript.ChoiceList(choices, options); =head2 Choices The choice list must be an array. Each item in the list is either =over =item a plain string this string will be displayed in the choice list =item an inline object this object is supposed to have a C


text:
Introduction to Options and Acquisitions of Source Material
By Brandon A. Blake,
When a filmmaker or producer decides to produce a film, he or she must first
acquire the rights to the underlying story before going on to develop the
project. Films may be based on any number of underlying properties, such as
novels, short stories, games, or even newspaper articles. Typically, source
material is divided into four categories; concepts, stories, treatments, and
screenplays. Concepts can not be protected by copyright law alone.
Concepts: A concept is simply an undeveloped, often unwritten, idea
for a movie. A short synopsis of a proposed film may also fall into this
category. A concept is not copyrightable under current copyright law. A producer
or writer may still be able to protect his idea or concept through contract law,
but care must be taken not to reveal the concept before an appropriately drafted
contract is executed by all parties.
Stories: Stories may come from newspapers, short stories, or novels.
Before commissioning the writing of a screenplay that is based on an underlying
story, the filmmaker must ensure that the author of the underlying material is
interested in selling. Typically the filmmaker will first option the underlying
story, and then acquire the rights, in the same manner that a screenplay is
acquired. Even when a film is based on the unwritten life story of someone, the
filmmaker must still acquire the rights to that story from the person or the
Treatments: Treatments are materials written with an eventual
screenplay in mind. When a filmmaker finds a treatment to develop, he or she
will option the treatment and acquire its rights as is done for a screenplay.
Even if the screenplay eventually only vaguely resembles the treatment, the
underlying property must be acquired. This is how a chain-of-title is developed
for a screenplay.
Screenplays: A Screenplay will be the material that the producer and
director work from in producing the film. Screenplays must be optioned and
acquired from the writer before a film can be produced from it (see below).
Typically the original screenplay submitted will be altered substantially before
and during production. The filmmaker may or may not arrange for the screenwriter
to be a part of these alterations.
ACQUIRING THE SCREENPLAY
Options and Extensions: If a filmmaker seeks to acquire a spec script,
as opposed to hiring a writer to compose a screenplay to certain specifications,
the work may be optioned. An option is
literally an agreement to agree. The screenwriter agrees that for a certain
price, he will give the filmmaker the exclusive option to purchase the
screenplay, at a designated price, sometime in the future. The filmmaker is not
bound to ever make the film or buy the rights; he simply acquires the right to
do so later.
During the option period time, the screenwriter refrains from exploiting the
screenplay in anyway. At the end of an option period the filmmaker may have
negotiated for the right to extend the term of the option for a period of time
for an additional payment. The filmmaker is free to exercise this extension or
to let the option expire. When the option expires, all rights in the film remain
with the screenwriter and the filmmaker has no further interest. At the
expiration of an extension, the filmmaker may negotiate for yet another
Acquisition of Rights: At anytime during the option or an applicable
extension period, the filmmaker has the right to purchase the screenplay at a
previously designated price. If the filmmaker decides to acquire the rights, all
of the rights negotiated in the option contract will transfer to the filmmaker.
The filmmaker may decide to produce the screenplay, or, depending on the
contract language, even assign, or sell, the screenplay to a third party.
The filmmaker may also have negotiated to acquire the screenwriter's
services, either for drafting revisions, or for consulting purposes during the
production of the film. Screenplay revisions may include a second draft, a final
draft, and a polish, which is a revision of a final draft.
© COPYRIGHT 2006 BLAKE & WANG, P.A. ENTERTAINMENT LAWYER SERVICES. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
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What Is the First Star That Appears at Night?
By Staff WriterLast Updated Mar 27, 2020 12:52:23 PM ET
The first star that appears at night depends on whether the viewer is in the Northern or Southern hemisphere and the time of year. One star that might be the first to appear at night during the winter in the Northern Hemisphere is Sirius.
Sirius is a blue or blue-white star that appears to be the brightest star in the sky. In reality, many stars are brighter than Sirius, but it appears to be so bright because it's closer to the Earth. It is only 8.6 light-years away.
Sirius is in the southern sky beneath the constellation Orion, which is one of the easiest constellations to find.


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MALICIOUS INJURY TO PERSONAL PROPERTY
This page will explain to you what Malicious Injury to Personal Property is, and will help you determine if you should use our online reporting system to file a report.
What is Malicious Injury To Personal Property?
Mailcious Injury to Personal Property is is willful and malicious damaging of the personal property, goods, or chattels of another.
What is the difference between Malicious Injury To Personal Property and Malicious Injury to Real Property?
This can best be described as fixed property vs moveable property. Personal property would be considered property that you can easily move around, such as your car, television, or furniture. Real property would be considered property that is fixed, such as your house, a tree in your yard, or a fence.
Examples of Malicious Injury to Personal Property
A person throws an object into your TV screen, causing it to break.
When to not use the online report
Do not use the online reporting system for Malicious Injury to Personal Property if the property that was damaged is a fixed property, such as a house, fence, or tree. If it is a fixed object, then complete the Malicious Injury to Real Property report.
If you feel your incident fits in the Malicious Injury to Personal Property category, please use the follow tips when completing your report:
When filling out the incident report, there will be a number of information fields and options. Only fields marked with a * are required; however, the other fields may help us if we need to contact you.
What to write in the Incident Description section
When completing the incident description section, remember that the keys to a good description are accuracy and brevity. Include what happened, where it happened, when it happened, how it happened, and who did it (if applicable). Do not include opinions or information that is not related to the incident. Below is an example of how an incident description should be written for a malicious injury to personal property report:
"Between the listed date and times, an unknown person(s) used black spray paint to paint a large smilie face on the front, driver's side door of listed vehicle. Approximately 6 white male teenagers, between the ages of 13 and 15 were seen walking in the area approximately an hour before this occurred."


Stoplight Golight
Stoplight Golight
Made for kids, the Stoplight Golight helps everyone manage time! The concept is easily understood by all ages. Children as young as 2 years old can remember that the red light means STOP, focus, and complete the task. When the green light comes on, it means time is up, and it's time to GO! Simply set the desired amount of time and press start. The red light illuminates and time starts counting down. When time is up, the green light illuminates. There's even an optional alarm included!
The Stoplight Golight Timer was developed by two sisters, Whitney and Courtney, who are also moms. The catalyst? Daylight savings time — the part of the year when the sun comes up way too early and children wake up even earlier. As moms, their only thought was, How can we get the kids to sleep in later so we can sleep in later? They knew they needed a time indicator that their toddlers could understand.
Aha Moment
A couple of days later, sitting at a stoplight with their kids, one little one piped up, "Red means stop, green means go!" Boom. The concept of the Stoplight Golight Timer was born.
Once the product was created, the sisters quickly realized that it would grow with their children, assisting them with everyday tasks like brushing their teeth, getting ready for school, completing chores, finishing homework, and reading books. Plus, it would come in handy for adults, too, as a way to unplug and unwind while still managing time effectively.
Whitney and Courtney hope that the Stoplight Golight Timer helps you and your family easily manage time throughout the day, night, and many years to come.


Antique Porcelain Marks on Chinese Ceramics
Most of the antique porcelain marks or pottery marks that the beginning collector will encounter on ancient Chinese ceramics are originating in the Ming or Qing dynasty, or are from the republic period. Few of us will ever be able to lay hands on marked porcelain of the Song or even the Yuan dynasty. They are extremely rare.
While European porcelain manufacturers usually applied a factory mark very early on, antique marks on ceramics from China rarely show which kiln actually made an item. The manufacturer's name was virtually never mentioned before the late 19th century - there were almost no maker's marks in existence in ancient China.
See Antique China Marks - a comparison.
Yes, there do exist antiques with so-called shop or factory marks, but they represent only a very small fraction of all the Chinese marks known. Only items specifically made to order for local clients or overseas Chinese communities in Southeast Asia seem to frequently show shop or manufacturer's marks.
One of the most common antique porcelain marks found on ceramics throughout the ages is the reign or period mark (Jinian Mark).
Antique pottery marks of this type are known to have existed as inscribed marks on ancient pottery as early as the Qin and Han dynasties (see China history timeline). There are also some marks known to exist on ceramics of the Three Kingdoms period (3rd century).
These are all relatively rare, however. Real marking of items did not take off until the Ming dynasty.
Some Chinese antiques' porcelain marks or pottery marks contain dates of the Chinese 60 year cyclic calendar, but these are actually quite rare. Cyclic calendar dates started to appear mainly on Qianjiang-style dated porcelain in the second half of the 19th century. But these are not marks proper, but rather part of the signatures of porcelain artists.
Antique porcelain marks more often than not show the emperor's reign title (period name). During the Kangxi reign pictorial marks were popular, symbol marks and double circles were especially frequent. These had already existed earlier, but only in a limited manner. Otherwise, the majority of antique porcelain marks consisted of hand-written characters.
Kaishu character mark
(hand written)
Zhuanshu seal-type mark
Antique Porcelain Marks in Zhuanshu Characters
Zhuanshu marks (seal-type marks written with Zhuanti characters) were usually written or painted one by one manually during the Qianlong, Jiaqing and Daoguang reigns. Only in the later Qing dynasty (19th century) stamped seal marks started to appear more frequently.
The imperial marks used during the Qianlong reign, for example, were written by hand with archaic characters (Zhuanti or Zhuanshu) in the square shape of a seal, usually with or without a hand-painted frame depicting the square seal edge.
This is exactly the same way seal characters are/were written before carving or engraving the characters in a seal today.
Needless to say that the ancient characters used in such seal type porcelain marks are not the normal characters used in everyday writing of the Chinese language.
This ancient character type is called Zhuanti (or Zhuanshu) and was and still is mainly used with seals (even today) and is more difficult to read, even for a Chinese person. It takes some practice to recognize this type of characters in porcelain marks. So don't be surprised if not every Chinese person is able to read such characters.
Later, in the 20th century this mark came into use for apocryphal Qing dynasty marks on copies and imitations of earlier porcelain. These 20th century marks are using a slightly different writing style, however, and are generally easily recognizable as apocryphal marks.
 - Official kiln marks
 - Private kiln marks
 - Export porcelain marks
 - Signed porcelain & other markings
Official (imperial) kiln:
Basically, the number of types of antique marks used for ceramics manufactured in the official kilns during each reign period is limited. These kilns operated under the supervision of court officials and everything, including the decoration, was strictly regulated.
The usage of marks on these was also restricted by the court, and this in turn did not allow for the multitude of marks used by private kilns (Minyao).
Antique porcelain marks or potter's marks containing the artisan's name were very rare on ceramics made by private kilns until the 19th century. On imperial porcelain such marks were virtually non-existent.
The only exception of personal marks were perhaps the marks applied in the 18th century by Tang Ying at the imperial kiln at Jingdezhen.
Tang Ying was the official assigned by the palace as kiln overseer. He is credited with an excellent contribution to the ceramics manufactured at the imperial kiln during his time. He sometimes applied a mark representing him. About a dozen of his marks are known.
Generally said, individual potter's marks were otherwise non-existent on imperial porcelain or pottery.
During the Yongzheng reign imperial marks used mostly marks with Kaiti characters (Kaishu), many of these are placed in a double circle.
Qianlong imperial marks on the other hand used mostly Zhuanti chracters (Zhuanshu) in underglaze blue.
See list showing predominant mark style for each Qing dynasty reign.
During the early years of the Kangxi reign no marks were used on imperial wares. However, private kilns (minyao) did use reign marks. This practice was however prohibited later (in 1677) by an edict of the governing official of Fuliang the area, where Jingdezhen is located.
In 1680 (19th year of Kangxi) Jingdezhen fired porcelain for the Qing court for the first time, thus becoming the site of the Qing imperial kiln.
Continuing the legacy of the Ming period, most Kangxi wares used Kaiti (Kaishu) marks. The antique porcelain marks remaining show that only about 5% of all marks were written in Zhuanti characters during that reign.
Notable is that some imperial marks do not contain the reign name, but rather the name of an inner palace within the area of the imperial palace - the abode of the emperor or empress. See exceptional reign marks.
Home › Porcelain Marks › Porcelain Marks (cont.)Pottery Marks


How to Line a Pan
This time-saving trick comes in handy when you're making brownies or fudge.
Lining a Baking Pan with Foil
This method of keeping things from sticking to the pan is used most often for brownies, bar cookies, and fudge. The additional advantage of this method is that it allows you to easily lift the bars out of the pan before cutting them.
Lining pan with foil
 1. Tear a piece of foil that is larger than the pan. Shape the foil over the outside of the pan bottom. Cut slits at the corners to make it fit neatly.
 2. Gently lift the shaped foil off the pan.
 3. Turn the pan over and fit the shaped foil into it. Leave an inch or two of overhang to use as "handles" to lift the baked goods out of the pan.


text:
This Bunting Bearings BB-16 powdered metal thrust washer supports high axial loads. It is made of sintered BB-16 powdered metal for strength and resistance to wear and shock. The bearing material is impregnated with an extreme pressure oil to provide a lubricating film over the entire bearing surface. The bearing has a maximum load value of 8,000 psi (pounds per square inch), a maximum velocity value of 35 sfpm (surface feet per minute), and a maximum pressure velocity (PV) value of 75,000. It operates over a temperature range of 10 to 220 degrees F (-12 to 104 degrees C). This thrust washer is for use in various applications such as automobiles, pumps, office machines, and home appliances, among others.
|Chemical and physical properties||Aerospace Materials Specification AMS 4805|
|Chemical, physical, and mechanical requirements, and dimensional tolerances||ASTM International ASTM B438|
|Chemical and physical properties ||Metal Powder Industries Federation MPIF CT-1000-K26|
Plain bearings provide low-friction sliding contact for relative motion between parts of a machine. They are the simplest type of bearing, with no rolling elements, and there are three basic types of plain bearings: radial plain bearings (also called sleeve bearings or bushings) to support rotating or reciprocating shafts, thrust bearings (also called washers) to support axial loads on shafts, and linear bearings to support and guide the motion of parts in a straight line. Flanged sleeve bearings have a flange on one end to support axial loads. Spherical plain bearings are radial bearings that allow for angular misalignment of the shaft. Plain bearings are made from durable, low-friction materials such as sintered or cast bronze alloys, plastic, or a combination of a metal shell and a plastic bearing surface. They can be lubricated externally or by a lubricant embedded in the bearing material. Plain bearings are used in automobiles, construction and mining equipment, textile manufacturing equipment, and robotics, among others.
Bunting Bearings LLC manufactures a variety of bearings that meet standards for quality assurance established by the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), ASTM International, and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), among others. Founded in 1907, Bunting Bearings LLC is based in Holland, Ohio.


text: ||A review of decaying isotropic turbulence in two and three dimensions is presented. In both dimensions, exact results can be obtained by assuming that for small Reynolds numbers the nonlinear convective terms in the equation of motion are negligible. These analytical results obtained from a linear equation demonstrate explicitly that the decay laws depend on the form of the energy spectrum near zero wavenumber. In three dimensions, high Reynolds number decay laws can be obtained by assuming that these laws continue to depend on invariant or near-invariant low wavenumber spectral coefficients but become independent of viscosity. Results of numerical simulations are presented which smoothly connect the asymptotically high and low Reynolds number solutions. In two dimensions however, high Reynolds number solutions can not be as easily obtained since the dominant nonlinear energy cascade is from small-to-large scales so that an assumption such as the invariance or near-invariance of low wavenumber spectral coefficients becomes untenable. However, exact analytical results in two dimensions can be determined at a transitional Reynolds number, below which final period of decay solutions result and above which the turbulence evolves with increasing Reynolds number.


text:
Cold Chain for Beginners
Cold Chain is a term used to characterize temperature-controlled storage, distribution and transportation. The term can be misleading since it does not refer to "cold" temperatures in particular. Products that are sensitive to temperature variations, whether they be perishables such as fruits and vegetables or more sophisticated drugs and medical devices, are included in the term "cold chain". However, cold chain is often more narrowly used in reference to temperature and time-sensitive high value healthcare products.
A growing number of cold chain conferences are being organized around the world, mainly in response to tighter regulations and growing global markets for temperature-sensitive products. Logistics experts, healthcare manufacturers, packaging providers, regulators and consultants often forget that the general public may not be all that knowledgeable about the topic.
Cold chain management uses its own terminology. Several temperature ranges are specified in the relevant literature, the most common being controlled-room temperature or CRT (often defined from 15oC to 25oC), but also cool (from 8oC to 15oC), cold or refrigerated (from 2oC to 8oC), frozen (around -10oC) and cryogenic (around -150oC). There is, however, no general or universal glossary that is commonly accepted by all regulatory agencies. One of the leading regulatory agencies, the International Air Transport Association (IATA), encourages customers to display a special sticker, the IATA thermal label, to indicate cold chain shipments that may require special handling.
Brief excursions outside of desired temperature ranges are typically allowed for a well-defined time and temperature extent but remain product specific. Healthcare shippers do place temperature data loggers in packaging materials to record temperatures during shipping. In practice these data loggers record temperature data at various frequencies or time intervals that vary from one shipment to another. Healthcare products can be irreversibly affected by exposure to a given temperature spike for a short period of time, experiencing biological degradation, physical phase changes, crystallization, or chemical reactions.
Since FedEx is in full control of its cold chain processes without involvement of external service providers, FedEx is able to see where and in which mode of transport shipments are at all times. Several solutions are offered to customers to reduce the risk of product spoilage, often resulting from unexpected events such as customs clearance delays or bad weather.
SenseAware, a multi-sensor device powered by a FedEx platform for data and device management, can monitor temperatures in near-real time. When bundled with Priority Alert, actions such as addition of dry ice or replacement of gel packs are even possible whenever SenseAware alarms become active while shipments are in transit within the FedEx global network. Moreover, FedEx has put several processes in place to control and stabilize temperatures, such as implementation of default temperature settings for its long-haul flights and use of refrigerated trucks. Reported temperature excursions are investigated internally to understand their origins, document issues, take corrective actions, and further optimize the FedEx cold chain network.
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March 29, 2016
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text:
March 31, 1912: TITANIC - The Largest Ship in the World is Completed!
Sunday, March 31, 1912
TITANIC, the largest liner in the world is completed.
At 882 feet 9 inches long and 92 feet 6 inches wide, she had the same dimensions as her older sister. Her hull was built with 2 thousand 1 inch thick steel plates, held together with over 3 million rivets. Her displacement weight is 52,310 tons, even more than Olympic at 52,067 tons making Titanic larger.
Titanic had three anchors, one for each side with a central anchor stored in reserve on the forcastle deck. The 2 side anchors weighed 7 7/8 tons a piece and the central anchor weighing 15 3/4 tons. The 2 side anchors were raised and lowered with 96 tons of anchor chain.
29 boilers will produce enough steam to power her 3 story tall reciprocating engines and single turbine, generating up to 46 thousand horsepower. The reciprocating engines turned the outer wing propellers both at 23ft in diameter, and the single turbine turned the center propeller which was 16ft in diameter. Titanic and Olympic were called triple screw steamers because of the three propellers.
Pictured Below: A photograph of Titanic's boilers, engines, turbine rotor, and propellers.
The cost of building and equipping Titanic came to 1.5 million pounds or 7.5 million dollars. Nearly 125 million dollars by today's standards. The White Star Line expects a quick and glorious return on its investment.