Discussion Paper 2001-DP10
DATE: May 24, 2001
NAME: Incrementing intervals in publication patterns in the MARC 21 Holdings Format
SOURCE: CONSER Task Force on Publication Patterns and Holdings
SUMMARY: This paper considers methods to code for titles with multiple basic components that sequence their enumeration with skipped numbers, such as the practice of using either even or odd numbers to identify serial issues.
KEYWORDS: Field 853-855 (HD); Subfield $s, in Field 853-855 (HD); Publication pattern (HD); Incrementing intervals (HD)
RELATED: 2001-DP11
5/24/2001 - Made available to the MARC community for discussion.
6/16/01 - Results of the MARC Advisory Committee discussion - Participants expressed interest in providing a method for coding titles with multiple basic components that sequence enumeration with skipped numbers. However, many members were concerned that system vendors may have difficulty providing the complex algorithms required for such serial prediction. Participants favored using subfield $y to include a new code for enumeration regularity. The group asked that other ideas and possible solutions be posted to the MARC electronic discussion list for consideration. A proposal may be written reflecting these decisions for the midwinter meeting.
Discussion Paper 2001-DP10: Incrementing intervals in publication patterns
The current publication pattern fields defined to predict serial issue descriptions do not recognize the situation where different components of the same serial, each bearing a distinctive title, have intermeshing or inter-sequenced serial numbering. The numbering of such issues must be synchronized between components but does occur at regular, predictable intervals. One example is a title with dual basic bibliographic units that are separately titled. It generates issues in the following type of pattern.
Section A: v.1, no. 1, v.1, no. 3, v.1, no. 5, v.1, no. 7, v.1, no. 9, v.1, no. 11
Section B: v.1, no. 2, v.1, no. 4, v.1, no. 6, v.1, no. 8, v.1, no. 10, v.1, no. 12
Intermeshing the two sequences creates a single sequence of numbers 1-12. The issues come out in alternating months or weeks within each component. Current ILS systems force prediction such that a title, that generates 6 issues per section over a year period must be expressed as follows:
853: $a v. $b no. $u 6 $v r $i (year) $w 06 $yom 02,04,06,08,10,12
863 $a 58 $b 2 $i 2000
No means is provided in subfield $y to express enumeration values that increment with a value greater than one. Since subfield $y specifies regularity in terms of chronology only, based on a chronology code expressed in the value of this subfield, it is not possible to define prediction on titles in terms of enumeration that skips the intervals between even or between odd numbers.
2.1 Define a new 853-855 subfield, Subfield $s
The definition of an 85x subfield (i.e., $s) that would function at each level of enumeration and permit the definition of an "incrementing interval" that would enable a process of identification and prediction for this kind of sequencing activity should be considered. Many serials with alternating sequential numbering occur in the scientific and technological fields. For such titles, the new subfield $s, can provide a vehicle to anticipate different conventions in the numbering patterns of serial issues. This new subfield would also serve titles described exclusively in terms of their enumeration and would make allowances for those whose regular range of volume numbering calls for intervals of two or more in calculating the next predicted issue. An example is provided in the "International Journal of Cancer". This title has three basic bibliographic units: "Journal international du cancer", "Predictive Oncology", and "Radiation oncology investigations".
Journal international du cancer was issued from v.85-88 in year, 2000,
Predictive Oncology issued v. 89 in year 2000,
Radiation oncology investigations issued v.90 in year 2000.
Presumably, in year 2001, the following sequential issues can be expected:
Journal international du cancer was issued from v.91-94 in year, 2001,
Predictive Oncology issued v. 95 in year 2001,
Radiation oncology investigations issued v.96 in year 2001.
If we take the simplest of these components, Predictive Oncology, we could foresee a predictive 853 field, using Subfield $s, that could anticipate its behavior:
853 02 $a v. $s 6 $b no. $u 6 $v r $i (year) $j (month) $k (day) $w b
863 02 $a 95 $b 2 $i 2001 $j Mar. $k 15
Subfield $s is the number you add to the current enumeration value to predict the next issue when that value is greater than one. This subfield recognizes instances where enumeration values skip. In this example my last issue of Predictive Oncology had a first level enumeration of "89" in the year 2000. With the value "6" in subfield $s added to 89, the prediction is able to forecast a volume number of "95" for the 2001 volume year on Predictive Oncology. This method of coding allows for titles whose numbering continuity ($v) is continuous as well as for those whose numbering continuity re-starts.
2.2 Enhance Subfield $y of the 853-855 fields within each enumeration level to include a new code for enumeration regularity.
It might be considered whether subfield $y could be adapted to allow for expressing regularity in terms of enumeration rather than only through chronology. Subfield $y includes codes for the following:
1st position: Publication code (o=omitted or p=published)
2nd position: Chronology code definition (d=day; m=month, etc.)
3rd position: Chronology type code (e.g. d=dd; m=MM; d=MMDD)
These are used to interpret the regularity codes that follow, which are variable length.
If the title offered earlier is reconsidered:
To adapt subfield $y of the 853-855 fields to express regularity in terms of enumeration rather than chronology would involve defining new codes within subfield $y to designate that the rest of the field expresses regularity in terms of enumeration rather than chronology. To show that the enumeration skips could be accomplished by encoding the explicit enumeration that is provided for in this regularity pattern.
Codes would need to be assigned that identify which level of enumeration is shown by the regularity pattern as well as whether it is primary or alternative enumeration. It would be important to use fixed length codes for elements corresponding to chronology code definition and chronology type code, since the contents of the subfield would need to be interpreted in the same way that the existing subfield $y chronology codes are. The following could be defined:
1st position: Publication code (presumably always p, since the enumeration in terms of what is published is given explicitly)
2nd position: Enumeration code definition (e=enumeration, primary; f=enumeration, alternative)
3rd position: Level of enumeration regularity (e.g. 1, 2, 3)
853 02 $a v. $b no. $u 6 $v r $i (year) $j (month) $k (day) $w b $ype2no.2,no.4,no.6,no.8, no.10.
This method could only be applied in instances where the values in subfield $y were characterized by a numbering continuity ($v) that re-starts and does not cover the common instances where enumeration is continuous. Thus, for titles like Lancet whose second enumeration levels do not re-start it would not be possible to encode enumeration-only regularity since the numbering cannot be reliably predicted. This is due to the fact that the enumeration does not assume the form of a repeating pattern but has different values every year. For titles with frequencies like weekly or bi-weekly, the string of subfield $y data could be very long in cases that cover skipped numbers. For those enumerations that are covered, it might be possible to code both for the enumeration regularity and the chronology regularity by using a repeated subfield $y. If we change our earlier example to a five times per year title, we could include:
Section A: v.1, no. 1 (2000, Jan.), v.1, no. 3 (2000, Mar.), v.1, no. 5 (2000 May), v.1, no. 7 (2000 Jul), v.1, no. 9 (2000 Sep/Nov)
We would have the option of expressing the regularity ($y) in terms of both its enumeration and chronology by repeating the subfield.
853 02 $a v. $b no. $u 6 $v r $i (year) $j (month) $k (day) $w 5 $ype2 no.1, no.3, no.5, no.7, no.09


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Just wondering why
def move
 world_switch(_USER_ += 1, _USER_ -= 1, _USER_ += 1, _USER_ -= 1)
 def world_switch(do_on_north, do_on_south, do_on_east, do_on_west)
 case _USER_ # => 'NORTH'
 when 'NORTH'
 puts do_on_north # => 1
 when 'SOUTH'
 when 'EAST'
 when 'WEST'
Calling world_switch:
robot = Robot.new(0, 0, 'NORTH')
puts robot.instance_variable_get("_USER_") #=> 0
results in changing nothing, I would like to increase or decrease instance variable _USER_ or _USER_
This is my initialize method
def initialize(pos_X, pos_Y, facing)
and that's how I create an instance of the class robot = Robot.new(0, 0, 'NORTH')
All help will be appreciated
share|improve this question
How do you call world_switch? The one above cannot run. And world_switch should not defined like that. Since it accepts only instance variables as parameters, we can omit them all. The self can provide access to them. – halfelf Sep 27 '12 at 9:31
1. It is better to use symbols rather than strings for switches. 2. You code will thrown an error because world_switch is called before it is defined. – sawa Sep 27 '12 at 9:34
updated a question, could you please review – Jackie Chan Sep 27 '12 at 9:39
ok, so what do you want to print? Now I get the output as 1 0, seems normal. – halfelf Sep 27 '12 at 9:45
add comment
3 Answers
up vote 2 down vote accepted
The explanation for the current behaviour is as Chowlett described, but did you intend for your _USER_ += 1, _USER_ -= 1 etc in move to be blocks of code and then for exactly one of these to be called from world_switch depending on which way the robot is facing?
If so, move needs to be declared like this
def move
and then in world_switch you can do something like
case _USER_ # => 'NORTH'
 when 'NORTH'
 when 'SOUTH'
share|improve this answer
That would indeed make the current code work. I'm not sure it's the best way of doing it, though; do you really need world_switch to be so general that you can pass in what "step NORTH" means? – Chowlett Sep 27 '12 at 10:27
_USER_ Agreed. It does seem overly complicated. Something along the lines of Matt's answer would be a nice, simple solution. It depends on whether the exercise is intended to be an example of a more general point, and also whether the OP is a bit unclear on at what point evaluation takes place when parameter passing. – mikej Sep 27 '12 at 10:45
Thanks Mikej, Procs... – Jackie Chan Sep 28 '12 at 0:17
add comment
It does nothing because of the way you call world_switch. Ruby will evaluate each of the expressions you're passing as parameters before the call.
So, you call move with (say), _USER_ and _USER_ both equal to 0. The Ruby does:
_USER_ += 1 # => _USER_ = 1; param 1 will be 1
_USER_ -= 1 # => _USER_ = 0; param 2 will be 0
_USER_ += 1 # => _USER_ = 1; param 3 will be 1
_USER_ -= 1 # => _USER_ = 0; param 4 will be 0
world_switch(1, 0, 1, 0)
Then world_switch switches based on _USER_, and simply returns the value of the appropriate parameter. It doesn't change the instance variables at all.
I'm not sure I explained that all that clearly. Let me know if you need clarification.
share|improve this answer
Explanation is good, thanks – Jackie Chan Sep 28 '12 at 0:13
add comment
Adding to Chowlett's and mikej's answers (which nicely explain why your code isn't working). You could try something like this:
class Player
 def initialize(position)
 _USER_ = position
 def move(direction)
 case direction
 when :north
 _USER_[:x] += 1
 when :south
 _USER_[:x] -= 1
 when :east
 _USER_[:y] -= 1
 when :west
 _USER_[:y] += 1
player = Player.new({:x => 0, :y => 0})
puts player.inspect
# => "#1, :y=>0}>"
share|improve this answer
add comment
Your Answer


text:
Stories of impacts and innovations in Small Island Developing States
Small island developing states (SIDS) are the most exposed to disasters and the impacts of a changing climate. Innovating to address these issues is therefore a necessity for their survival. Over the past 10 years, countries and territories have made strategic advancements combining cutting edge technology and innovative financing strategies with human centric solutions.
This full-day Focus Day event will showcase critical innovations spearheaded by SIDS impacting how they build resilience, culminating in an interactive game experience that has been used to share concepts of disaster risk financing across the Caribbean.
1. Comprehensive DRM programs
Disasters can create opportunities for risk informed development. For example, the devastation caused by hurricanes Irma and Maria in 2017 in Sint Maarten, as well as hurricane Matthew in Haiti in 2016 created inconceivable challenges, from ensuring continuity of basic government or utility services to massive debris collection and management or resumption of tourism services crucial to local economies, creating an opportunity for a comprehensive program to address disaster risks, while also bringing new opportunities for growth. Similarly, hurricanes Ivan and Tomas led to the development of disaster vulnerability reduction projects throughout the Caribbean. In this session, we will showcase how DRM programs evolve in the aftermath of disasters.
2. Housing resilience
A home can be a family's biggest asset and a source of generational wealth; so, with one disaster most of a family's wealth can be wiped away. The destruction of homes also has major social impacts and can negatively affect childhood learning and development. Yet, the housing sector remains highly vulnerable to disasters. In 2017, Hurricane Maria caused major damage to more than 70% of the housing stock in Dominica, with damages totaling US$354 million which represents 66% of the 2016 GDP. In this session, we will showcase steps SIDS are undertaking to address these vulnerabilities through innovative housing resilience initiatives including home repair programs, affordable housing projects, concessional climate financing at the household level, and policy development.
3. Coastal Resilience
Coastal Resilience. In most small coastal states, when a disaster strikes, a large part of the population, infrastructure and businesses, generally concentrated in coastal areas, are directly or indirectly affected, therefore jeopardizing their sustainable development. Climate change and sea level rise, in combination with socio-economic growth, are likely to exacerbate this situation. Innovative methodologies and solutions are needed to tackle these unprecedented challenges. In this session, we will show how innovative and participatory approaches to risk modelling and coastal management can help enhancing climate and disaster resilience in remote small island states showcasing examples from the Pacific and the Caribbean regions. State-of-the-art methodologies, models and data combined with lessons learned by local practitioners will shed light on possibilities to adaptation for present and future challenges. New findings on the impact of sea level rise on coastal flooding and erosion across the Caribbean will also be presented.
4. Resilient Transport
Transportation networks are a critical infrastructure for each country as they enable access and connectivity for economic activity; for access to services (for example, commerce, tourism, education, and health); and for emergency situations (for example, evacuation). Natural hazards can have a deleterious effect on transport infrastructure, particularly on road networks and airports. In this session, we will showcase how the World Bank is promoting the Resilient Transport agenda in the SIDS by presenting some of the work done over the past few years such as the use of drones for landslide monitoring, the lifecycle approach for asset maintenance, LiDAR surveys for improved highway designs, among other approaches to support building resilience in transportation networks.
5. Understanding infrastructure investment needs – The case of Haiti
Haiti is one of the most exposed country to natural disaster and lately the economic and political situation exacerbated the vulnerability of middle and lower class. Targeting investment in most vulnerable area is a top priority in a country where the needs are widespread. Currently, Haiti has an imbalance between vulnerable population and existing shelter capacity. Geo-spatial data and risk information have been used to improve the density of shelter and their geographic distribution. In this session we will present how using a "human approach" combined with an optimization problem automated algorithm, Haiti is laying the foundation for (risk-)informed decision making. Interactive game experience:Caribbean disaster risk financing. Hurricane Hurry is an interactive game experience that simulates natural disaster financial decision-making in complex environments such as the Caribbean – for example, after a hurricane hits, when needs are great, resources are limited, and the pressure is on to act quickly. The World Bank has used this game in workshops with government officials across the Caribbean to convey key disaster risk financing (DRF) concepts and instruments in a provocative, fun and memorable way. This session will help participants become more familiar with the importance of developing DRF strategies; experience the choices and dilemmas that stakeholders feel when making decisions; and learn about non-traditional approaches to communicating complex information.
Interactive game experience:
Caribbean disaster risk financing
Hurricane Hurry is an interactive game experience that simulates natural disaster financial decision-making in complex environments such as the Caribbean – for example, after a hurricane hits, when needs are great, resources are limited, and the pressure is on to act quickly. The World Bank has used this game in workshops with government officials across the Caribbean to convey key disaster risk financing (DRF) concepts and instruments in a provocative, fun and memorable way. This session will help participants become more familiar with the importance of developing DRF strategies; experience the choices and dilemmas that stakeholders feel when making decisions; and learn about non-traditional approaches to communicating complex information.
Organizer: World Bank

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Establishment of the Pacific Resource and Environmental Economics Network (PREEN)
29 January 2010 | News story
The use of resource and environmental economic analytical information to support and or underpin economic development and environmental conservation decisions is relatively new in the Pacific. Resource management has conventionally either not involved consideration of economic factors at all or has involved it only inadequately.
Similarly environmental conservation decisions often did not include livelihood or opportunity cost considerations. The failure of some environmental or natural resource management initiatives has consequently been attributed to the poor policy or project design arising from that economics gap.
Part of the reason for inadequate consideration of economic issues in natural resource management is the lack of capacity in natural resource economics in the Pacific. Many Pacific island country governments do not have the resources to employ dedicated natural resource economists in their administration. In any event, there are few trained resource and environmental economist around to employ; most economics graduates find employment in the financial, macroeconomic or general planning sector while others may move overseas or not use their economics training at all. For those few natural resource economists that do operate in the Pacific, progress in conducting economic analysis can be hampered by isolation; there are few resource economists around with whom to share ideas, develop initiatives or share work.
Building on loose network of resource and environmental economists and those interested in the use of economics to inform resource and environmental management in the Pacific, the IUCN Oceania regional Office with the support of the Pacific Islands Applied Geoscience Commission (SOPAC) and the South Pacific Community, formally established the Pacific Resource and Environmental Economics Network (PREEN).
The main goal of PREEN is to foster improved cooperation and communication between practicing economists and other stakeholders to help mainstream the use of economic analysis in resource and environmental management in the Pacific.
The network was kick-started with a two day workshop held in late September to facilitate discussions on current research, issues and experiences between the members. Abstracts of these papers have been published in the first PREEN newsletter which is downloadable from PREEN's newly created homepage. Read more about this and visit the website:
The peer-reviewed papers presented at this workshop will be made available in the workshop proceedings in early 2010.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Friday, November 19, 2010
An Englishman's home is his castle
There are many castles in England, some of them, really fascinating. When we hear the word "castle", we immediately think of the Middle Ages, brave knights and beautiful ladies, wars and, even, ghosts. Would you like to discover some of the most outstanding castles in England? Click on each photo and find information to answer these questions:
1. What is the name of each castle?
2. Who built the castle?
3. When was it built?
4. Does anybody still live there?
5. Can people visit the castle?
6. What famous movies were filmed in Alnwick Castle?
7. Which castle would you like to visit when we go to England?
Click here if you want to see Warwick Castle in detail.


Signing the builds for binary:any updates
The security archive is autobuilt these days. Manual signing should no longer be necessary.
Most failed builds are rescheduled by the buildd admins. Otherwise they need to contacted at
Writing the advisory text
There's a fairly standard template for this in the secure-testing repository. You can run the command:
bin/gen-DSA --save "CVEs" '_TAG_'
which will allocate a new DSA id from the list and generate a DSA draft. Don't forget to set $DEBFULLNAME and $DEBEMAIL in the environment.
Make sure to commit data/DSA/list, so that the ID is allocated. In this commit you may also want to include the version number of the fixed package. For example:
 [squeeze] - libxml2 2.7.8.dfsg-2+squeeze2
 [lenny] - libxml2 2.6.32.dfsg-5+lenny5
Once this is done, you can edit the saved DSA draft to add some information about the vulnerability, you can use an existing DSA from debian-security-announce as an example.
If updating a previous DSA, note what was wrong/missing about the previous one and how this update is different.
When CVE IDs exist for the vulnerability, list them, with a description of the nature of the flaw (buffer overflow, XSS, integer overflow, etc.) and the worst-known exploitability (DoS, privilege escalation, arbitrary code). Note what's possible; don't downplay or overstate the threat.
Give brief acknowledgment to the discoverer of the flaw, if they're known. If multiple people worked to assess the vulnerability, note them too.
Once all builds are available (only team@s.d.o has access to this) and the advisory text is ready, send a mail to The update will be reviewed and released as described in the following section.


text:
It seems the ads were right. A milk mustache is a good thing to have. Animal and dairy scientists have discovered that drinking milk at an early age can help mammals throughout their lives.
But understanding exactly how milk affects the body is a complicated story of hormones, antibodies and proteins, as well as other cells and compounds researchers have not yet identified.
Learning how milk affects offspring was the subject of the Lactation Biology Symposium, held as part of the 2012 Joint Annual Meeting in Phoenix, AZ. The presentations were summarized in a recent paper in the Journal of Animal Science.
The presentations focused on epigenetics, or how gene expression changes based on factors like environment or diet. Epigenetic changes modify when or how certain traits are expressed.
The first presenter, Dr. Frank Bartol from Auburn University, explained how certain hormones, called lactocrines, in pig's milk affect gene expression in piglets. Bartol said lactrocrines could modify gene expression in the reproductive systems; however, Bartol said the specific effects of lactocrines are still being studied.
In the next presentation, Dr. Harald Hammon, from the Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, explained how drinking milk affects future nutrition. According to Hammon, the milk produced in the first few days after birth, called colostrum, contains growth factors that help young calves better digest and absorb lactose and glucose. Hammon called for more research into identifying these factors and better describing their effects.
Studying milk is important not just for studying future fertility and nutrition, but future milk production as well. Dr. Paul Kenyon, from Massey University in New Zealand, suggested that either underfeeding or overfeeding milk could reduce milk production in the offspring. Though the differences in milk yield were small, there could still be an economic difference for dairy farmers.
The research presented at the Lactation Biology Symposium could have implications for human health as well. Dr. Katie Hinde, from Harvard University, revealed how the components of mother's milk could alter infant behavior and cell development through epigenetic mechanisms. In Hinde's studies of rhesus monkeys, infants who had mothers producing milk higher in milk energy and cortisol were more active, playful, exploratory and bold.
"Milk is, therefore, not merely food that allows the body to grow but it contains constituents that help build the brain and provide the energy that allows infants to be behaviorally active," wrote K. M. Daniels et. al. in a review of the Lactation Biology Symposium.
Research into milk could help researchers better understand farm animals, the dairy industry and human health. Figuring out which compounds are found in milk and how they affect gene expression in offspring could advance knowledge in body development at all stages of life.
"At present there are far more questions than answers," Bartol said in an interview. "However, we are making progress."
Explore further: Veterinary research highlights refocus for cattle export
More information: The full symposium summary is titled, "Lactation Biology Symposium: The long-term impact of epigenetics and maternal influence on the neonate through milk-borne factors and nutrient status." It can be read in full at _URL_


text:
Abdulsalam, A.M.; Ithoi, I.; Al-Mekhlafi, H.M.; Ahmed, A.; Surin, J.; Mak, J.W.A.H. (2012) Drinking water is a significant predictor of Blastocystis infection among rural Malaysian primary schoolchildren. Parasitology, 1 (1). pp. 1-7. ISSN _PHONE_
Blastocystis infection has a worldwide distribution especially among the disadvantaged population and immunocompromised subjects. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence and the association of Blastocystis infection with the socio-economic characteristics among 300 primary schoolchildren, living in rural communities in Lipis and Raub districts of Pahang state, Malaysia. Stool samples were collected and examined for the presence of Blastocystis using direct smear microscopy after in vitro cultivation in Jones' medium. The overall prevalence of Blastocystis infection was found to be as high as 25Â·7. The prevalence was signiï¬�cantly higher among children with gastrointestinal symptoms as compared to asymptomatic children (x 2=4Â·246; P=0Â·039). Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that absence of a piped water supply (OR =3Â·13; 95 CI =1Â·78, 5Â·46; P<0Â·001) and low levels of mothers' education (OR=3Â·41; 95 CI =1Â·62, 7Â·18; P<0Â·01) were the signiï¬�cant predictors of Blastocystis infection. In conclusion, Blastocystis is prevalent among rural children and the important factors that determine the infection were the sources of drinking water and mothers' educational level. Interventions with provision of clean water supply and health education especially to mothers are required.
|Item Type: ||Article|
- Abdulsalam, A.M.
- Ithoi, I.
- Al-Mekhlafi, H.M.
- Ahmed, A.
- Surin, J.(Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Building, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA)
- Mak, J.W.A.H.
|Journal or Publication Title: ||Parasitology|
|Additional Information: ||Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia|
|Uncontrolled Keywords: ||Blastocystis, predictors, drinking water, schoolchildren, Malaysia.|
|Subjects: ||R Medicine|
|Divisions: ||Faculty of Medicine|
|Depositing User: ||jsurin johari surin|
|Date Deposited: ||19 Jun 2012 12:31|
|Last Modified: ||19 Jun 2012 12:31|
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text:
Kingdoms and Domains pptx
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Objectives Name the six kingdoms of life as they are now identified. Describe the three-domain system of classification. 6 kingdoms As we learn more about the natural world,.
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h аOФHO єА N„!Е; oЙuД 6-r C SЖ jКИ р mЎA Eє.
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Use the table to answer the questions. 1. Which kingdoms contain autotrophs 2. Which kingdoms contain unicellular organisms 3. To which kingdom do grizzly bears.
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Name: Date: KINGDOMS AND DOMAINS The six kingdom system Eubacteria Fungi Plantae Animalia Cell Type Prokaryote Prokaryote Eukaryote Eukaryote.
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HONORS BIOLOGY KINGDOMS AND DOMAINS QUESTIONS Use the kingdom and domains chart provided to answer the questions. 1 How many kingdoms are in the kingdom most biologists.
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L Q J G R P V R P D L Q V Q R W H E R R N 2 F W R E H U 6 H S 3 0. H 7 H U P V · 6 W U X F W X U D O L Y H U V L W ·. L Q J G R P V · R P D L Q · 3 U R N D U R W L F · X N D U R W L F · L F K R W R P R X V. H · X W R W U R S K · H W H U R W U R S K 6 H S
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Biology Mr. Lee Room320 Objectives yௗ Name the six kingdoms yௗ Describe the three - domain system of classification Modern Evolutionary Classification y ௗ,Q /LQQDHXV¶V WLPH WKH RQO NQRZQ.
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13 cells the basic unit oflife o prokaryotic cells a single - celled organism that does not contain membrane - bound organelles o eukaryotic.
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L Q J G R P V D Q G R P D L Q V 7 K H., 1 2 0 6, Q W K H W K F H Q W X U D O O O L Y L Q J W K L Q J V Z H U H V R U W H G L Q W R N L Q J G R P V 3 O D Q W D Q G Q L P D O X U W K H U V W X G U H Y H D O H G W K D W N L Q J G R P V M X V W Z D V Q W H
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Bacteria Archaea Eukarya Eubacteria Archaebacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia Cell Structures Number of Cells Mode of Nutrition Examples.
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Print the slides to use as cards. Laminate before using for longer durability! This set include title cards and description cards. Split the cards.
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!!!!!!!!!, -,,. /, 0 1,.! 2,! /!!, -,, 3 1 4 5 2! 6 6 6/ /61 162 6 6/ 61 /62 6/ 61 62 61 62 62! 6 8 9!3 3!!. : 36 6 ; 8,!! 3!. 3,. 0.! ;! 2.
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Define Example Bilateral Symmetry Radial symmetry Vertebrate Invertebrate Give Characteristics about each phylum Sponge Cnidarian Flatworm.
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Egypt - war and violence from weak pharaohs and power struggles among rival nobles Fell victim to Hyksos, nomad invaders that.
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Domains and Kingdoms Summary:In 2-3 sentences can you tell me if you believe one kingdom is more important than another Why or why not.
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Unit 11 Lesson 2 Notes: Domains and Kingdoms Domains and Kingdoms d evised the classification system for species that we use today. He grouped organisms into.


May 21, 2021
Honoring Our Confederate Heritage & Virtues
presented by Ultimate Flags LLC
Why keep destroying history
Closeup of textured Confederate flag
It is a tough time for some people because statues are being removed out of fear. There are many confederate statues that mean a lot to many people. There are many differences of opinion among people and when it interferes with other people and the things they create to remember their history, then it will create conflict.
Key Takeaways:
 - Today we are at an unprecedented time in history, or is it a time when we are destroying history?
 - Cities allowed with pride to have these erected as remembrances of sacrifices of our everyday citizens who fought and died for their beliefs.
 - Are we creating a new history for the future to see, or one that will be destroyed because of the beliefs of others?
"As we begin to take away the remembrances of past history and erect new ones, are we recognizing their accomplishments and beliefs at the cost of destroying others."


text:
The Situation of Punishment
Posted by The Situationist Staff on August 24, 2008
* * *
A growing body of empirical evidence from psychology, sociology, law, and criminal justice has demonstrated that lay intuitions about punishment are strongly rooted in retributivism: i.e., the idea that punishment should be distributed in proportion to moral desert. Level of harm is often thought to be indicative of desert, but harm described by victims (or survivors) in the context of victim impact evidence is subjective and often unforeseeable insofar as it is attributable to chance factors. How do observers (such as jurors or judges) use information about consequences determined by chance factors when they judge punishment? The emotional and cognitive processes involved in jurors' use of victim impact evidence potentially reveals key insights about the psychological mechanisms underlying laypersons' punishment judgments generally. This paper explores empirical evidence for the notion that the subjective harm experienced by the victim of an offense serves as proxy for the level of defendant's effort and culpability, and by implication, the perceived seriousness of the crime.
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For a related Situationist post, see "Why We Punish."
This entry was posted on August 24, 2008 at 1:12 pm and is filed under Abstracts, Emotions, Law, Legal Theory, Social Psychology, Uncategorized. Tagged: capital punishment, Janice Nadler, Mary Rose, psychology, punishment, retribution, victim impact statements. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.


REGINA -- Saskatchewan recorded 169 new COVID-19 cases on Thursday, along with two deaths and 168 recoveries.
One person who died was in their 70s and from the Northeast zone. The second person was in their 50s and from the Southeast.
The new cases are in the Far Northwest (27), Far North East (15), Northwest (10), North Central (nine), Saskatoon (46), Central West (four), Central East (five), Regina (41), and Southwest (one), South Central (three), and Southeast (two) zones. Six cases are pending residence information.
There are 146 people in hospital, 20 people are in ICU.
As of Thursday, there are 1,422 active cases in the province. The seven-day average of daily new cases is 148.
Yesterday, health care workers administered 2,493 doses of COVID-19 vaccine.
The shots were given in the following Far Northeast (11), Northeast (10), Northwest (six), North Central (12), Central East (174), Southeast (188) Saskatoon (951), and Regina (1,141) zones.
So far, 84,090 vaccine doses have been administered in Saskatchewan.


text:
- More Labs
There exists one test project for each cultivate project. Additionally you need to checkout the cultivate.test project, which contains common files for all tests. The following directories may exist in each project:
For writing prolog tests take a look at the MisnamedTestCaseTest example in cultivate.basic.test:
Creation of a new test consists of 4 steps:
First you need to write your testdata. Do this by creating a new testdata-* src folder and adding it to the build path. Now write your packages and classes. Afterwards you must run the generator-factbases-project.launch via the eclipse launcher menu. This will create the file *.qlf in the factbases directory. Now you can write your test by extending the AbstractPrologTestCase. It will automatically consult the prolog file prolog/load.pl of your project. Additionally you have the following helper methods to use:
For executing predicates in a changing context, the
ContextualPredicate class is provided. it supports the following methods:
IMPORTANT: Before you can run your tests with JUnit you have to alter _URL_.cs3.cultivate.test.framework/test.properties to match the correct paths.


text:
Part 9, Note 28
Click Here to See All Notes to Part 9
Tenth Census of the United States (1880) Schedule 2, Colorado County, Texas. There were 114 farmers who produced molasses, 132 who grew potatoes, and 163 who grew sweet potatoes. German area farmers were much more likely to grow Irish potatoes than sweet potatoes. Sixty-five of the 649 German area farmers, or 10% of them, grew Irish potatoes; only 67 of the 1027 other farmers, or less than 7%, did. Forty German area farmers grew sweet potatoes, 123 others did.


text:
The 9th of October was Hangul Day in honor of the Korean alphabet, traditionally said to have been invented in 1446 by King Sejong and his scholars. To mark the day, there were special activities in the SJA Jeju Elementary School Korean Studies classes.
Students commemorated the day by watching a movie about King Sejong and learning how the Hangul was created. They later created calligraphic art with Korean letters. They also participated in Hangul Quiz contests about which they were the most passionate.
It was a great opportunity for students to learn more about the historical facts related to Hangul through hands-on activities. "Students had a great time playing with Korean letters and making art from them. They got really creative and enthusiastic with these activities, working together and helping each other," said Myo Jung Kim, Elementary School Korean Studies teacher.


text:
First and foremost, righteousness is an attribute of God: "For the LORD is righteous" (Psalm 11:7). The fact that God is righteous means that he "always acts in accordance with what is right and is himself the final standard of what is right" (Wayne Grudem, Systematic Theology ). Righteousness is a statement about God's moral nature and it means that he never does wrong. More than that, God's righteousness means that he cannot do wrong.
For man, righteousness is a measure of morality just as it is for God, but man has no part in defining what is right. Man is righteous only as much as his morality, expressed in desires, thoughts, and deeds, conforms to that of God's. Where he differs with God, he is unrighteous.
Scripture is clear that because Adam's sin has corrupted every man, "none is righteous, no, not one" (Romans 3:10; cf. Psalm 14:1-3). But it is also clear that Jesus Christ lived a perfectly righteous life and died for our sins in order to free us from our punishment and credit us with his own righteousness—the righteousness of God (see 1 Corinthians 1:30; 2 Corinthians 5:21). This is the gospel.


Ayşe Hafsa Sultan
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Ayşe Hafsa Sultan
Valide Sultan
BustOfAyseHafsaSultan ManisaTurkey.jpg
Bust of Ayşe Hafsa Sultan in Manisa, Turkey
Spouse Sultan Selim I
Sultan Suleiman I
Şehzade Orhan
Şehzade Musa
Şehzade Korkut
Hatice Sultan
Beyhan Sultan
Şah Sultan
Fatma Sultan
Hafsa Hanım Sultan
Full name
Devletlû İsmetlû Ayşe Hafsa Vâlide Sultân Aliyyetü'ş-Şân Hazretleri
House House of Osman (by marriage)
Father Meñli I Giray
Born Ayşe
5 December 1479
Havsa, Edirne Province, Ottoman Empire
Died 19 March 1534(1534-03-19) (aged 54)
Constantinople, Ottoman Empire
Burial Yavuz Selim Mosque, Fatih, Constantinople[1][2] (present day Istanbul)
Religion Islam
Ayşe Hafsa Sultan (Ottoman Turkish: عائشہ حفصہ سلطان; 5 December 1479 – 19 March 1534), or in short, Hafsa Sultan, was the first "Valide Sultan" (Queen Mother) of the Ottoman Empire, wife of Selim I and mother of Suleiman the Magnificent. During the period between her son's enthronement in 1520 and her death in 1534, she was one of the most influential persons in the Empire, as her son's de facto co-regent during these fourteen years, coming second only to the sovereign, which is a point remarked also by the ambassadors of European powers at the Ottoman court.[3]
Although Ayşe Hafsa Sultan's year of birth is known, historians debate that she was the daughter of Meñli I Giray of the Crimean Khanate. According to an alternative theory, the daughter of Meñli I Giray of the Crimean Khanate was another consort of Selim I known as Ayşe Hatun, consequently the stepmother of Suleiman the Magnificent.
The Ottoman inscription (vakfiye) describes her as Hātun binti Abd-ul-Muin (Daughter of Abd-ul-Muin), which means that her father was possibly a Greek convert to Islam. The reason behind calling her Hafsa was that she was from Havsa, a district of Edirne Province of Turkey.
Having resided in the city of Manisa in western Turkey with her son, who administered the surrounding region between 1513 to 1520, the town being one of the traditional residences for Ottoman crown princes (şehzade) in apprenticeship for future power, Ayşe Hafsa Sultan is the initiator of the Manisa's "Mesir Festival", a local tradition still continued today. She also had a large complex consisting of a mosque, a primary school, a college and a hospice built in the city.
She was also the first imperial spouse to be called by the title usually rendered in English language as "Sultana" (full title in Turkish; "Valide Sultan", literally "the Queen Mother" but in only approximate terms in the Ottoman context). Her period signalled the shifting status of the sultan's mother and her increased share in power.[4] After the birth of her son Suleiman, born 6 November 1494 in Trabzon, she had also five daughters: Hatice, Beyhan, Şah, Fatma and Hafsa[5]
Ayşe Hafsa Sultan died in March 1534 and was buried near her husband in a mausoleum behind the qiblah wall of Yavuz Selim Mosque, in Fatih, Istanbul. The mausoleum was largely destroyed in an earthquake in 1884, a reconstruction effort started in the 1900s (decade) having been left discontinued, and her tomb today is much simpler than it was built originally.
Hospice famed especially as a mental hospital built by Ayşe Hafsa Sultan in Manisa, Turkey.
 3. ^ Pietro Bragadin, Venetian Republic's ambassador in the early years of Suleiman the Magnificent's reign notes "a very beautiful woman of 48, for whom the sultan bears great reverence and love..." Leslie Peirce (1993). The Imperial Harem : Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire p. 62 ISBN 0-19-508677-5. Oxford University Press.
 4. ^ Amy Singer (2002). Constructing Ottoman beneficence: An imperial soup kitchen in Jerusalem p. 90 ISBN 0-7914-5351-0. State University of New York Press.
 5. ^ Hafsa the daughter later married Dukakinzade Ahmed Pasha, grand vizier for ten months in 1514 - 1515 and, after his execution, a vizier and soldier of note, Çoban Mustafa Paşa.
 and three other sons: Orhan, Musa and Korkut. There were half a dozen notable female figures in Ottoman history who were named "Hafsa". Among these, it is Ayşe Hafsa Sultan who is referred to as "Hafsa Sultan" in short, "Sultan" in this case standing for "Sultana".
 A namesake also of primary historical prominence and who had preceded Ayşe Hafsa Sultan by about two centuries was the wife of the sultan Bayezid I and the daughter of İsa Bey, the last bey of Aydin, and she is generally referred to as Hafsa (Hâfize) Khātun. It is this earlier Hafsa who is at the origin of the final form the name of a town depending Edirne, Havsa, has taken.
 The word Hâfiz designates a male person who memorized the Qur'an, and Hâfize indicates that the person is female. Hafsa is the more common and easier to pronounce, especially when fastly discoursed, of this name.
Further reading[edit]
External links[edit]
Royal titles
Preceded by
Gülbahar Hatun I
Valide Sultan
30 September 1520 – 19 March 1534
Succeeded by
Nurbanu Sultan


The Law Office of Alexander M. Jones
Divorce and Family Law
Free Consultation
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The impact of parental relocation after a divorce
| May 2, 2019 | Divorce |
Divorce almost always means more than simply the breakdown of a marriage. It often means that children need to split their time between both of their parents. It also can cause each divorcing spouse to reevaluate their lives and can be a catalyst for big changes, including relocation.
Parental relocation after a divorce can be complex for obvious reasons. It can disrupt the relationship that a child has with one of their parents because of the physical distance between them. This is why it is important that parents consider fully the impact of parental relocation before making a commitment to move.
Considering the child's best interests
The growth and development of a child should be a key concern for all parents. Younger children, in particular, can be anxiously attached to their parents. This means that what may seem like a short distance for an adult might become a source of worry for a child. It is important to talk with your child about their concerns so that they can handle the changes that are going to take place.
The impact of relocation on child custody
Legislation discourages child relocation when both parents are contributing to the upbringing of the child. A relocating parent may need to prove that avoiding relocation will actually have a detrimental impact on the child's well-being.
It is important that you take action to ensure that your child's best interests are protected in the aftermath of a divorce. You should start by learning about the intricacies of the law in Oregon. These laws may be able to help you achieve your desired result.


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Milk proteins in breast milk break down into peptides that have opiate like drug effects; this helps bond child to mother, but can cause a problem if people continue to drink milk into adulthood. Babies three months and under should ideally be fed only breast milk. Human breast milk is the only animal product that is high in antioxidants. And the breast milk of vegetarians may only have 1-2% of PCBs, DDTs, and dioxins, but vegans who do not supplement or fortify their diets with Vitamin B12 will have deficient breast milk and place their child in danger (see also here, here). They must also be careful about getting enough iodine.
Topic summary contributed by Denise.
To help out on the site, email _EMAIL_


text:
The hydraulic transportation of thickened sludges
Industries which pump sludges are under continuous pressure to decrease water content, and increase concentration. Environmentally
superior disposal techniques are demanding that such sludges have high mechanical strength properties. This results in a sludge with an increasing viscous character. At high concentration, the viscous forces – which are usually highly non-Newtonian
and yield stress in nature – become dominant, and flows inevitably become laminar.
The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the effect and evaluate the impact that increasing non-Newtonian viscous stresses – particularly yield stress – have on the pipelining problem. An industrially relevant sludge pipe flow study is presented, demonstrating and quantifying the relationship between sludge rheology and flow regime. It is argued that laminar flow will result in settlable solids accumulating on the pipe invert, leading to pipe blockage. Although some practical remedies have been proposed, this problem requires urgent and focussed research..
Water SA Vol. 30 (5) 2005: pp.66-68


The Fourth Fisherman Review
Ernest Clevenger
1.5 Stars
August 15, 2012
The Fourth Fisherman by Joe Kissack starts out like a fable and develops into a true narrative. The drama alternates between chapters describing five lost fishermens' thousands of miles journey across the Pacific in a small boat, with three surviving, and the biography, perhaps memoirs, of Kissask.
Also lost is an explanation of why five well experienced fishermen in a small boat (where would they put the caught fish?) could get lost from the long Mexican Pacific coast. The eventual brief biographical description of three of the fishermen was helpful.
The tragedy of the fishermen's situation is gruesomely described in almost unbelievable, sickening, detail which continues in short story form throughout the book. Alternately, Kissack's prose chapters describes his fabulously wealthy success as a young adult to his seriously depraved spiritual condition, then recovery due to the amazing surviving fishermen.
As the creative religious story develops the reader is led to believe God may be the fourth fisherman; but the mystery is solved with a simple statement at the end of the book.
I received this book from WaterBrook Multnomah Press in exchange for an honest review.


23 Incredibly Cultured Cats
These cats have been around the world, taken classes and studied hard to be as cultured as they are now. In.gif form! posted on
I know, right? Now tell your friends!
23 Incredibly Cultured Cats
Lauren Yapalater
1. The Businessman
Expert negotiator, in three different languages. Culture is his middle name.
2. The Polite Cat
Uses chopsticks properly, like a cultured cat would.
3. The Pianist
Tickles that ivory like an old pro.
4. The Dancer
Took ballroom dancing classes, can waltz with the best of them.
5. The Scholar
He just finished his thesis. Topic: CULTURE.
6. The Masseuse
Went to Sweden, learned how to massage.
7. The Worker
Knows the trials and tribulations of sweat shops.
8. The Traveler
Speaks Italian. Cosa Vuoi?
9. The Gardener
Learned how to garden while visiting Croatia.
10. The Strategist
Knows books. Military books.
11. The Athlete
Trained in Japan.
12. The Rastafarian
What? Ohhh. Yeah. Mon.
13. The Botanist
Knows the difference between roses and poison ivy, as taught in Spain.
14. El Conquistador
Speaks spanish.
15. The AristoCAT
Like I said, the AristoCAT
16. The Techie
Apprenticed with Steve Jobs himself.
17. The City Slicker
He's from Brooklyn, Fuhgeddaboudit
18. The Musician
He's a classical guitarist.
19. The Chef
Sushi chef extraordinaire, also knows karate. Cultured.
20. The Well-Mannered Cat
Learned at a young age pasta is not finger food. It's slurping food. Cultured.
21. The Super-Nanny
Learned everything she knows from Mary Poppins, queen of culture.
22. The Food Critic
Traveled around the world tasting foods with Anthony Bourdain. Culture is in his blood.
23. The Needler
Learned how to embroider while in India.
Got your own cultured cat? Share with us!
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Caryota mitis
From Pacsoa
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Welcome to the PACSOA Palms and Cycads wiki !
Figure 1. C. mitis
Common Names:
Clustering Fishtail Palm
Climate Zones:
Warm temperate to tropical areas. Can tolerate light frosts.
Tropical rainforests from India through to south-east Asia.
This is a clustering palm, which can form a clump up to 8 metres (24 feet) high and 4 metres (12 feet) across at the top. The trunks are about 150 mm (6ins) across, are light green/grayish colour with quite widely spaced leaf nodes. Each trunk produces flowers for several seasons, starting from the top of the trunk and moving downwards, but then dies after its final seeding. The leaves are light green, bipinnate, and triangular, closely resembling a fishes tail in shape. The leaves don't absciss when spent, but they are easily removed due to the palms size. The flowers are pale cream, while the fruit are reddish-orange, 10 - 20mm (3/8 - 3/4in) long. Note: The fruit contain crystal oxalate which is an irritant to eyes and skin.
Figure 2. Attractive clump of C. mitis.
This attractive palm prefers a shaded, well drained position. It doesn't like full sun and being tropical, it also doesn't like to get too dry. It is a very usefull and attractive plant for the gardener, its leaf colour and shape making it quite distinctive. Propagation is by seed which usually takes 3 - 4 months to germinate.
Figure 3. C. mitis leaf detail.
Figure 4. C. mitis inflorescence.
Figure 5. C. mitis inflorescence opening.
Contributed by:
Michael Gray (Figure 1&2)
Ian Edwards (Figure 3,4&5)
External Links:
Kew, PalmWeb, JSTOR, Trebrown
Google, Google Images, Flickr, PACSOA Forums, PalmTalk


Geographia Polonica (1995) vol. 64
Degradation of the climate in the industrial areas
Barbara Obrębska-Starklowa
Geographia Polonica (1995) vol. 64, pp. 61-70 | Full text
The changes in the climate of Cracow agglomeration during last forty years are discussed as example of the effects of urbanization in Poland. The alteration of climate was influenced mostly by industry. The human impact is shown by longterm variability of the climatic elements and phenomena. The study also concerns the changes in the industrial production and the effects of the formation of free market and economic recession.
Keywords: Urbanization, human impact, air pollution, local climate change, urban climate
Barbara Obrębska-Starklowa, Department of Climatology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow


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Spicy food consumption is associated with adiposity measures among half a million Chinese people: the China Kadoorie Biobank study.
Sun D., Lv J., Chen W., Li S., Guo Y., Bian Z., Yu C., Zhou H., Tan Y., Chen J., Chen Z., Li L., China Kadoorie Biobank collaborative group None.
BACKGROUND: Few animal experiments and volunteer-based intervention studies have showed a controversial effect of spicy foods on weight management; however, information is scant on the association between spicy food intake and obesity. This study aims to examine the impact of spicy food on quantitative adiposity measures in the Chinese population; a population with a low prevalence of general obesity, but a high prevalence of central obesity. METHODS: A total of 434,556 adults (255,094 females), aged 30-79 years, were included from the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) study. Information on spicy food intake was obtained using a questionnaire survey. Body mass index (BMI), percentage body fat (BF%), waist circumference (WC), and WC/height ratio (WHtR) were analyzed as continuous variables. RESULTS: The prevalence of daily spicy food eating was 30.4% in males and 30.0% in females, with dramatically geographic diversity (ranging from 99.4% in Hunan to 2.7% in Zhejiang). The covariates-adjusted BMI, BF%, WC, and WHtR significantly increased with increasing frequency, strength, and duration of spicy food eating regardless of gender (p < 0.001). Among regular spicy food consumers, strength of spicy food eating showed significant and positive association with all adiposity measures in both genders (except for BF% in males). Compared with non-consumers, daily spicy food eating was significantly associated with an increase of 0.44 and 0.51 of BMI (kg/m2), 0.79 and 1.01 of BF%, 1.4 and 1.0 of WC (cm), and 0.008 and 0.006 of WHtR in males and females, respectively. In stratified analyses of 18 consecutive BMI subgroups, a significantly increasing trend in the effect of daily spicy food eating on WC and WHtR with increasing BMI was noted in males; whereas a decreasing trend was seen in females. CONCLUSIONS: The data indicate that spicy food intake is a risk factor for obesity in Chinese adult population, especially for central obesity in males. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this association.


Idea for a USB-based high-speed digitizer
Idea for a USB-based high-speed digitizer
Postby Ben321 » Sun Feb 14, 2021 7:38 am
My idea is for a high speed digitizer (similar to, but not the same as an oscilloscope). Unlike a scope, a digitizer has no circuits or firmware for triggering or other advanced oscilloscope functions. It's basically a sound-card, but at a much higher samplerate (10s of MSPS, or about 1000 times as fast as a sound-card). Accordingly it doesn't require complex software on the PC side either. All it needs is a program that runs in a small window with a start and stop button for manually starting and stopping its recording, and optionally a way of setting a recording duration for it to use to automatically stop the recording. The only other thing the software needs (and the hardware should support) is the ability to select voltage range or sensitivity of the device (basically the gain of the input amplifier). Higher gain or sensitivity means smaller voltage range. The file can either be saved directly to the harddrive or (if the harddrive isn't fast enough) store the samples in memory (recording buffer sized limited by RAM in the computer), and then save the memory-stored samples to harddrive when the recording has been stopped (either manually, or automatically when the recording has reached a set duration or the memory buffer is full). As it doesn't require triggering, or comparing 2 signals in realtime, it doesn't need more than one channel, so a digitizer can be built with one channel, a voltage amplifier, an ADC, and a USB interface. The idea is to record a signal from some source (a photodiode, a serial port, an analog video signal, etc), for later analysis. Very simple concept for hardware, and software, though no company has made one yet. The best I've seen are your multi-channel scopes, but they put too much effort into being a scope (things like triggering and multi-channel connections, having either a high sample rate or a high bitdepth but not both simultaneously), and thus lack some of the features a digitizer would have (those being simple hardware/software, and simultaneous high samplerate and high bitdepth digitization of a single channel). Also while a soundcard typically allows full use of the bandwidth of the soundcard (you have 24kHz bandwidth for a 48kSPS soundcard), most oscilloscopes don't (your scopes allow something like 80MHz bandwidth for a 200MSPS scope, and not the full 100MHz bandwidth that is actually possible). A digitizer however, would (like a soundcard) allow the full bandwidth of the device to be used. The usefulness of this is to digitize a signal from some source, for later analysis with some other 3rd-party signal analysis software.
Here's the exact specs I'm looking for in a digitizer.
one channel
DC coupled
at least 12bits bitdepth for ADC
at least 10MSPS sample rate
at least 5MHz bandwidth
high input resistance (1MOhm at a minimum, 10MOhm would be good)
simple software with few options
voltage range selectable in software
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Re: Idea for a USB-based high-speed digitizer
Postby VirtinsTech » Wed Feb 24, 2021 1:12 pm
Thanks for the suggestions. We will consider this in our future hardware development. Using USB3 instead of USB2 will increase the streaming speed by about 10 times.
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19.6 DBMS_LOB Subprograms Used with DBFS
You should note that some changes have been made to the DBMS_LOB subprograms over time.
Table 19-2 summarizes changes made to PL/SQL package DBMS_LOB subprograms.
Be aware that some of the DBMS_LOB operations that existed before Oracle Database 11g Release 2 throw an exception error if the LOB is a DBFS link. To remedy this problem, modify your applications to explicitly replace the DBFS link with a LOB by calling the DBMS_LOB.COPY_FROM_LINK procedure before they make these calls. When the call completes, then the application can move the updated LOB back to DBFS using the DBMS_LOB.MOVE_TO_DBFS_LINK procedure, if necessary.
Other DBMS_LOB operations that existed before Oracle Database 11g Release 2 work transparently if the DBFS Link is in a file system that supports streaming. Note that these operations fail if streaming is either not supported or disabled.
Table 19-2 DBMS_LOB Subprograms
Subprogram Description
Copies an existing DBFS link into a new LOB
Copies the specified LOB data from DBFS HSM Store into the database
Returns a unique file path name for creating a DBFS Link
Returns the DBFS path name for a LOB
Returns the linking state of a LOB
Moves the specified LOB data from the database into DBFS HSM Store
Links a LOB with a DBFS path name


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International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
In this study, a passive Tuned Mass Damper (TMD) is investigated to dampen resonant motions of a Submerged Floating Tunnel (SFT) in waves and earthquakes. TMD is adopted to control resonant lateral motion. A time-domain dynamics simulation model that considers the elasticity of the tunnel and mooring lines is first established, which is based on the lumped mass method and Morison equation, and the SFT-TMD interaction is considered through springs and dampers. Next, by using the Harmony Search (HS) algorithm, TMD's spring and damping coefficients are optimized; the dynamics simulations under white noise seismic excitations are continuously carried out with updated spring and damping coefficients produced by HS rules until the designed maximum iteration number. The influence of TMD's mass is individually investigated through a parametric study. After the optimization process is completed, the global performances of SFT with and without TMD are systematically evaluated in both waves and earthquakes. It is found that TMD plays a crucial role in controlling SFT vibrations when environmental loads are close to the system's fundamental lateral natural frequency under both wave and seismic excitations. TMD also enhances the comfort of passengers and reduces static and dynamic mooring tensions.
Jin, Chungkuk; Kim, Sung-Jae; and Kim, MooHyun, "Vibration Control Of Submerged Floating Tunnel In Waves And Earthquakes Through Tuned Mass Damper" (2022). Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications. 48.


Game Testing and It's Types
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Gaming has always been a top-level priority for every section of society, and we all have a fun nostalgia associated with our young days. Today, as the gaming industry is revolutionizing, gamers are craving for unique features and platforms. Mobile Game Testing and Types is a deliberate, Organized, and efficient method to detect and nullify various errors and bugs in any game.
As we are in the 8th generation of gaming, the Game market is observing growth leaving behind several choices for the gamers to access and feel the real-world experience. Therefore, it is the duty of the production team and developers to keep up the gamers' spirit high. They eliminate the cracks and crashes of a game which are visible. For this purpose, they test a particular game again and again in a nutshell.
The exciting fun side of mobile game testing is to play games and mask crashes/freezes in the game. However, game testing is not all about fun! You need to be extra focus to build your reliability.
These glitches act as a hindrance to user-experience and progress throughout the gameplay. We test a game to pinpoint software defects and glitches in a game that were not intent by a game developer. Therefore, mobile game testing ensures the quality board of a specific game. As the process of development of each game is distinctly so, it's better to have a clear-cut knowledge both inside and out.
'Game tester dynasty'
Game testing- 'A world of game-changers'
Game tester is known by the name Beta Tester. They are the test tigers who are highly knowledgeable and passionate about their role. It is often said that-'A good tester should be the good bug-reporter'.
They test and predict the entire game map. They possess several characteristics namely,
 1. Endurance and evaluation skills
 2. Analytical and logical approach
 3. Expert in observing and communication
 4. Highly savvy by nature
 5. A crunch-worker indeed!
Game testing and Types flow: A-I-R-S-S
 - Analysis and inquire gameplay– The foremost step of a tester is to perceive the storyline of a game, study game flow, frame overlay, design, and various levels of a game accompanied by treasures and rewards.
 - Identify and detect– Testers go through a spin-to-spin rigorous testing after digging everything about a game.
 - Report – Testers reports, bugs and errors, thus discovered to developers for proper validation. Testers pour errors into a well-defined description of the origin clock in time of the bug, etc.
 - Scanning – Once the developer fixes the issues discovered and mentioned by a tester concerning the need, they again go it to testers lap for re-testing. Tester than ensure whether the issue is resolved.
 - Substantiate – At the final step testers verify the resolution of issues. Hence, the show is validated to be true.
Game Testing and Types Coverage:
Mobile Game Testing process a brand-new game through three stages. Namely,
Its main motive is to turn out a game to be possibly perfect that forecast fun and excitement in a gameplay journey. Further, β- testing is prone to several other mobile game testing where popular mobile game platforms are Android and iOS.
List of Game Testing and Types thunders:
Functionality test:
This test is the most popular and distinct. Here, a tester checks the key functionality of a game. In specific, they then finds its user interface issues which is affecting a game in any manner. For instance:- Audio quality test, visual elements, camera angles, graphics, animation clipping, screen resolution, display messages, game navigation, missing fonts and colors, textual errors, etc.
Compliance test:
Here the tester points out the contents which violate the guidelines of regulatory bodies, namely The Entertainment Software Rating Board (ESRB) and The Pan-European Game Information (PEGI) and several others. For example-A game has to pass PAL test for authentication in several European countries, etc.
Compatible test:
This test ensures whether a particular game is following prominent devices and its configuration or not.
To instance – To install and check-in all different platforms or mobile devices.
Localization test:
It focuses on linguistic and visual test and check language translation specifying local time/date/currency, specific cultural references, etc.
For exampleit checks the voice-over issues, natural flow of language, spellings. For instance, we write the Arabic language from right to left and several other similar issues.
Performance Test:
It checks the latency and tests the path and flow of a game. It illustrates the response of a game by monitoring network, power backup and servers.
Load/SUL test:
System under Load (SUL) identifies the memory crashes. We monitor a memory before the start of a test and after a test by an application. Soak testing checks the abnormal/misbehavior a system can show when used to play continuously for a longer time.
Multiplayer test:
Multi-player games require a seamless and uninterrupted gameplay journey. In Massively Multi-player Online (MMO) platforms, we check speed & accuracy. These platforms allow several people to share their time and objectives.
Artificial intelligence (AI):
It is the most trending thing in present times. AI bots develop challenges and complexity to users. Gamers consider themselves as a striker/fighter or else a real-world soldier in the battlefield. AI bots test ensure to enhance the competitive relevancy of a game.
Security test:
Games are prone to vulnerability. Security test enables to check external & internal threats, data breach, and exploitation of game hacking and secures game for the long run.
Regression test:
Once we have fixed the bug, regression testing allows checking if the bug is still there or eradicated. Thus, it is just a confirmation test to proceed with the game for further levels.
Global gaming worldGame testing and Types
With the bloom of all the gaming sectors. Mobile gaming tops the list by generating high revenue in the last decade and is even expected to rise by 59% in 2021. Research suggests that a good game strengthen one's logical and analytical skills 10×times. It allows your brain to forecast amazing perception, navigation, and accuracy eventually expanding creativity.
VR technology has been an ongoing Gaming buzz and industry is all set to create fun features for their users where they can create an extraordinary emotional connection. In the gaming industry to avoid criticism and reduction in sales, feedback is taken way to seriously as feedbacks determine the inclusion/exclusion of specific features.
_TAG_ your fan-club
Users expect Credibility and authenticity in any game. Simplicity is always a great virtue, but it's not at the cost of a decrease in competitiveness.
Fundamental rule – "When in doubt about testing, keen to know your user"
_TAG_ to the QA team
Testers ponder everything for a flawless game journey and faultless testing. Everything they do is error-free and high on perfection. Spawn point has a set of professional testers who work energetically to enhance your gaming journey.
_TAG_ for testing
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What Is the Material PEVA? Why the peva lining of cooler bag is eco-friendly.
- Apr 20, 2018-
What Is the Material PEVA?
PEVA is a biodegradable, non-chlorinated vinyl which is commonly used in shower curtains, plastic wrap for food and sports padding. It is also called polyethylene vinyl acetate, or ethylene vinyl acetate.
PEVA is a safe alternative to using PVC shower curtains that can give off many volatile organic compounds which can be toxic, for the first month after removing it from its packaging. PEVA can also be used as a drug delivery device, when it is mixed with a drug and implanted, in order to slowly release the drug compound into the body in time. Top-of-the-line soccer cleats, boxing gloves, ski boots and bicycle saddles are also common uses of PEVA, too.


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Definition of cheat sheet
1 : a sheet containing information (as test answers) used secretly for cheating
2 : a written or graphic aid (as a sheet of notes) that can be referred to for help in understanding or remembering something complex
First Known Use of cheat sheet
Seen and Heard
What made you want to look up cheat sheet? Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible).


text:
If a helicopter's tail rotor shears off while flying then the helicopter's fuselage will start rotating in the direction opposite to the main rotor's rotation direction. During autorotation, if I switch off the engines of the helicopter, then will it affect the rate of rotation of helicopter?
with the engine disconnected from the main rotor, no torque is being applied to the rotor by the engine so there is no torque reaction trying to rotate the fuselage backwards. In this case, the only torque being applied to the fuselage is the frictional drag in the main rotor bearing, which will be small. If a tail rotor failure occurred and the fuselage began rotating because of this before the engine failure, then the fuselage will remain in rotation after the engine failure and will slowly lose rotational speed as the main rotor bearing friction acts on it.


ECG Compression for Holter Monitoring
by Ottley, Adam Carl
Abstract (Summary)
Cardiologists can gain useful insight into a patient's condition when they are able to correlate the patent's symptoms and activities. For this purpose, a Holter Monitor is often used - a portable electrocardiogram (ECG) recorder worn by the patient for a period of 24-72 hours. Preferably, the monitor is not cumbersome to the patient and thus it should be designed to be as small and light as possible; however, the storage requirements for such a long signal are very large and can significantly increase the recorder's size and cost, and so signal compression is often employed. At the same time, the decompressed signal must contain enough detail for the cardiologist to be able to identify irregularities. "Lossy" compressors may obscure such details, where a "lossless" compressor preserves the signal exactly as captured.
The purpose of this thesis is to develop a platform upon which a Holter Monitor can be built, including a hardware-assisted lossless compression method in order to avoid the signal quality penalties of a lossy algorithm.
The objective of this thesis is to develop and implement a low-complexity lossless ECG encoding algorithm capable of at least a 2:1 compression ratio in an embedded system for use in a Holter Monitor.
Different lossless compression techniques were evaluated in terms of coding efficiency as well as suitability for ECG waveform application, random access within the signal and complexity of the decoding operation. For the reduction of the physical circuit size, a System On a Programmable Chip (SOPC) design was utilized.
A coder based on a library of linear predictors and Rice coding was chosen and found to give a compression ratio of at least 2:1 and as high as 3:1 on real-world signals tested while having a low decoder complexity and fast random access to arbitrary parts of the signal. In the hardware-assisted implementation, the speed of encoding was a factor of between four and five faster than a software encoder running on the same CPU while allowing the CPU to perform other tasks during the encoding process.
Bibliographical Information:
Advisor:Saadat Mehr, Aryan; Dolovich, Allan T.; Daku, Brian L.; Dinh, Anh van; Bolton, Ronald J.
School:University of Saskatchewan
School Location:Canada - Saskatchewan
Source Type:Master's Thesis
Keywords:signal compression lossless holter monitoring embedded system sopc ecg electrocardiogram
Date of Publication:04/11/2007
© 2009 All Rights Reserved.


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12.00 A Heritage Let Live by Not Letting Die: Unwritten Policies in a Chinese Folk Art Fair
Cultural heritage or heritage preservation in China has been a political tool for the authorities to reason the past and to glorify the present. The inter-influence of policies and cultural heritage with regard to cultural heritage tourism and preservation has been intensively and extensively discussed. However, the politics of preserving Chinese folk art as a form of intangible cultural heritage has been neglected in the English literature. Its differentiation from imperial/elite art in ancient China and the characteristics of orality deserve attention because Chinese folk art preservation is not based on the preservation of a heritage site, but rather, it focuses on the practitioners. Therefore, the Majie Folk Art Fair (or Majie folk artists gathering from across China) has been chosen as the case study for this paper. Nominated as China's national intangible cultural heritage in 2006, the 800-year-old Fair is the biggest Folk Art Fair in China, organized on the thirteenth day of the first lunar month every year in Majie county (Henan province). The fair was designated "the largest Chinese folk art conference in the world" by the World Record Association in 2013, and includes various folk art performances such as ballad singing, storytelling, and comic dialogues.
This paper attempts to analyze the politics of preserving and sustaining Majie Folk Art Fair. I argue that, upon nomination, the local government played a hegemonic and decisive role in preserving and organizing the Fair, re-shaping it according to political and economic interests. The Fair is kept in existence on the grounds that it has to exist for its own sake, if anything, merely to open up pockets of opportunities for the officials to tap into certain resources. Economic development becomes the justification for heritage preservation. Local policies related to conserving the Fair are "unwritten," which means, firstly, that the policies are not written documents, but are temporary and mostly conveyed during the meeting of the Communist Party Committee; secondly, the implementation of those policies is predominantly dependent on their interpretation by officials. Local residents' resistance to the land acquisition to which the organization of the Fair gives rise is dissolved by mediators working in the county Communist Party Committee. Due to the "unwritten" local policies, the Fair is not only a platform for folk artists to perform together and to exchange their skills, but is also transformed into a space for enterprise promotion. Moreover, the contents of the performances have undergone dramatic changes, from ancient legends, hero-worship, celebrations of weddings and births, and condolence of people's loss to extolling new countryside development and the construction of an incorrupt government. Additionally, the renowned hospitality of free accommodation and food provided by local artists and residents for incoming artists has been replaced by profit-making hotels. Such changes discourage ordinary folk artists from other provinces to travel to the Fair. Eventually, the gathering turned into an invitation tournament of folk art performances organized by the local government to keep the Fair alive. Hence, even though the documentation of the Fair and preservation policies revived the Fair, the policies are aggressive in a way that Majie Folk Art Fair becomes a spectacle for the sake of preservation. The pseudo-prosperity of the Fair is, in essence, a manifestation of cultural disappearance. It implies that authenticity is no longer a primary consideration of cultural heritage preservation, but that the mentality of the stakeholders is.


Question: What is the weather like today?
What is the weather like or how is the weather like?
Your teacher is wrong. Both "How is the weather?" and "What is the weather like?" are perfectly correct, grammatical English, and native speakers ask both of those questions all the time.
How do you ask the weather in English?
Some questions you might hear Is it hot or cold? Is it sunny, should I take sunglasses? Is it raining outside? Should I take my umbrella? What's the weather forecast? What's the weather expected to be tomorrow? What's the temperature? How's the weather?
How is the weather there reply?
The correct idiomatic expression is "What is the weather like?" If you ask someone " How is the weather?", they could answer, "Fine". If someone asks "What is the weather like?", they are asking what sort of weather it is. The response would be sunny, rainy, cold, snowy, etc. 1 день назад
How do I present the weather forecast?
With the help of satellite map, explain the temperature and other weather indications for the past few hours. Point out the areas under pressure and explain why it is so; based on the wind and storm pressure information. Make educated guess about how the weather would be like in the next couple of hours.
What is weather very short answer?
Weather is the day-to-day state of the atmosphere, and its short -term variation in minutes to weeks. People generally think of weather as the combination of temperature, humidity, precipitation, cloudiness, visibility, and wind.
How is the weather inside you meaning?
Saying " how is the weather inside you?" is a good way to get the frustrations, nerves, excitement, desire, or whatever out. It also helps to keep social boundaries (real or imaginary) in check — like being overly enthusiastic, or conversely, too critical. It's just a way of being aware of yourself.
You might be interested: What does lucifer mean?
How do you say the weather is hot?
It's burning out there folks. So just be careful when you go out, have some water or cover your head, whatever it happens to be, it's burning out there. Okay, so 7⃣ TROPICAL is another way to say it's really hot, like tropical weather conditions.
How do you describe good weather?
Describing the weather good, great, nice, fine, lovely, beautiful, wonderful, excellent, gorgeous, fair, pleasant, balmy; a spell of good weather; a two-day spell of sunny weather; a spell of rainy weather; Sky: cloudy, overcast, cloudless, clear, bright, blue, gray (BrE grey), dark; a patch of blue sky.
How do you say the weather is bad?
Synonyms severe. adjective. severe weather is extremely unpleasant and likely to cause harm or damage. harsh. adjective. harsh weather is extremely cold and unpleasant. threatening. adjective. fierce. adjective. humid. adjective. sultry. adjective. muggy. adjective. foul. adjective.
What is weather answer in one line?
1. the general condition of the atmosphere at a particular time and place, with regard to the temperature, moisture, cloudiness, etc. 2. disagreeable or harmful atmospheric conditions; storm, rain, etc.
What temp is hot?
The threshold at which temperatures are too hot to enjoy varies from 85 degrees to 100 degrees in the Lower 48 states, according to a new Forecast Factor survey of users. The temperature that was considered too hot to be comfortable outside in each region based on the survey results.
How is the weather in French?
— Quel temps fait-il? ( What is the weather like?) — Il fait beau. — Quel temps fait-il à Montréal? ( What is the weather like in Montreal?) — Il niege.
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Why is it called forecast?
A storm in 1859 that caused the loss of the Royal Charter inspired FitzRoy to develop charts to allow predictions to be made, which he called " forecasting the weather ", thus coining the term " weather forecast ". The first daily weather forecasts were published in The Times in 1861.
Is error possible in weather prediction?
Error in weather forecasting can be attributed to two causes: deficiencies in the model, and inaccurate initial conditions (Bjerknes, 1911).
Who prepares the weather report?
The Meteorological Department prepares a weather report in which all the weather information is plotted on the maps.
1 month ago
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Given the diversity of individuals who undergo psychological assessment, examining whether cultural bias exists in psychological assessment instruments (i.e., differential validity) is crucial. This issue occurs when a measure systematically overor underpredicts a criterion across demographic groups or is associated with the criterion unequally across the groups. We tested the differential validity of a widely used psychological test, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF), as a function of gender (male, female) and ethnicity (Caucasian, African American, and Hispanic/Latino American) in large samples of forensic psychiatric inpatients. Regression models were estimated in a multigroup framework. The analyses yielded negligible to small statistical evidence of differential validity in MMPI-2-RF scores predicting the number of future suicidal behaviors and violent behaviors in the samples. This evidence supports use of the MMPI-2-RF as a generally unbiased instrument for predicting key criteria across genders and ethnicities in a forensic psychiatric population.
Tarescavage, Anthony M.; Glassmire, David M.; Burchett, Danielle; and Sellbom, Martin, "Examination of Differential Validity of MMPI-2-RF Scores by Gender and Ethnicity in Predicting Future Suicidal and Violent Behaviors in a Forensic Sample" (2019). 2019 Faculty Bibliography. 10.
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License.


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1997-98 UAF Catalog
Degrees and Programs
Course Description Index
College of Science, Engineering and Mathematics
Department of Physics _PHONE_
Minimum Requirements for Degree: 130 credits
Undergraduate Degree Requirements
Applied Physics -- B.S. Degree
- 1. Complete the general university requirements and B.S. degree requirements.
- 2. Complete the following program (major) requirements:
- Complete MATH 200-201-202, 302 and 9 additional credits in mathematics at the 200-level or above.
- *Complete PHYS 213, 311, and 331 and 12 additional credits in physics at the 300-level or above.
- Complete 20 approved credits** in a chosen subject area of applied physics.
- 3. Minimum credits required (130 credits)
- * Implicit in this requirement are 8 credits of lower-division physics courses which are prerequisites for these courses.
- ** These credits must be approved before the beginning of the student's final semester by the head of the Physics Department.
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Last modified June 9, 1997


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Handpan Shell Forming Methods
The handpan art form has been developing exponentially quicker as more and more people are starting to explore building these types of drums. This is leading to novel building ideas being released to the public almost weekly. One topic of development has been basic shell forming. Whereas the steel pan has been traditionally hammered or "sank", the birth of the handpan arrived on deep drawn shells fabricated by Panart. Years later, Jim Dusin and Kyle Cox of Pantheon Steel developed a new forming process called "Rolling". While it is similar to traditional metal spinning (that some handpan builders have also used), there are fundamental differences in the Rotations Per Minute as well as how the shell is held and formed. In 2015, the deep drawn shell became increasingly popular after Shellopan lead a cooperative project to produce the shells and sell them to dozens of other builders. Now additional builders such as Ayasa also offer deep drawn shells. In 2016, Colin Foulke popularized another traditional metal forming process called hydro forming. Numerous more builders began using the method after Colin shared his Machinery Design. The only other method that we have heard of that we have not seen used is "Single Point Incremental Forming", which is referred to by Soren Maloney in at least one of his Academic Papers (note that the paper will immediately begin downloading to your computer when you click on the link).
At Saraz, we have explored a few of these methods. While we have mostly built fully hammer shaped instruments, we were one of the first builders beyond Pantheon Steel to explore the Rolled Shell. Here is a video of a Rolled Shell Saraz built in 2016.
Once Shellopan began offering deep drawn shells, we also explored some of those. The following video is a Saraz built on a Shellopan shell:
We have also explored a couple deep drawn shells from Isthmus Instruments. Here is a video of a Saraz built from one of those shells:
We have also built a Saraz from a Hydro Formed shell fabricated by Bill Roberts in Florida. The following video is of the only Saraz built on a Hydro Formed Shell.
Why Fully Hammer Shaped Saraz Handpans?
With so many potential building methods, we are sometimes asked "Why do we choose to continue focusing on fully hammer shaped shells?"
6 reasons why we focus on hammer shaped shells
1. Because we have a team to share the workload
While we have found that sinking shells is one of the easier skills to learn in the process of building a handpan drum, our method has required at least 20-30 shells to get good at sinking a shell smoothly and most importantly with an ideal stretch (with an experienced teacher). Figuring out on our own how to sink an ideal shell for our process and preferences took us at least 200-300 shells. While it is much easier using a pneumatic hammer than hammering a shell entirely by hand, it is still a physically intensive job, especially compared to pushing a button on a machine that does it for you. With a focus on shell independence and an appreciation for the tone and timbre of hammer sunk shells, Mark has rarely considered trying to entirely bypass sinking shells by hammer. His interest in using other materials has primarily come from a curiosity to learn more about the handpan building process and the nature of tuned steel by trying new methods. For this reason mainly, he developed a team of people to contribute to the workload necessary for building and developing the Saraz. In the 4 years that the Saraz has been in production, 7 people have been trained to sink shells. While the process evolved in different directions through the hard earned lessons of a couple people, Mark's father, Papa Steve, deserves most of the credit for developing the current shell sinking process at Saraz. It is important to realize that had Mark been building the Saraz alone for the last 4 years, it would not have evolved in the way it has and he would definitely not be using hammer shaped shells as the process would have been simply too brutal for him to do in addition to shaping dimples, forming ports, and tuning.
While we CAN sink shells as a team, there are other more important reasons that we CHOOSE to still focus on hammer sunk shells. The main reasons are because of the nature of the material as well as its tone and timbre.
2. Shell Thickness Profile
We have developed a process that leads toward a thickness profile which we prefer as well as note architecture based around this thickness profile. The center of a Saraz shell receives the least hammer strikes in order to keep it as thick as possible while most of the stretch is in a ring around the center note. This area is approximately between 5 inches/12 cm from the center point of the shell and 4 inches/ 10 cm from the rim. Near the rim on a hammered Saraz shell is the thickest while the next thickest place is the center of the shell.
Tuned steel notes are similar in many ways to tuned strings. Lower notes want thicker strings to vibrate appropriately while higher notes want thinner strings to vibrate appropriately. Consider the thickness of different guitar strings as an example. Panyard, one of the finest steel pan builders in the world, grinds down the thickness of every note on their instruments to their ideal thickness for this reason.
Relative to other forming methods, we have found that the center of our hammer shaped shells is a similar thickness to that of the rolled shells that Pantheon once sold, which were formed on the same thickness of metal (approximately 1.2 mm thick). The center of a Hammered Saraz shell is thicker however than the center of a 1 mm Shellopan deep drawn shell. The center of a hammered Saraz shells is also thicker than the hydro formed shells that we have seen formed from 1.2 mm thick steel. With the traditional layout of a handpan having the lowest note in the center, this is very important! Compare this to a traditional steel pan where the lowest notes are typically near the rim while the highest notes are in the center.
Our hammer sunk shells are also slightly thinner in the ring of primary stretch than a deep drawn shell and much thinner than some of same area on the hydro formed shells that we have seen, however our hammer sunk shells are thicker than the same areas on a rolled shell. Each of these deviations leads toward a desire for different ideal note size. For example, the note form that we use for E4 on a hammer shaped shell is one note larger than the note form that we use for E4 on a rolled shell. This is because thicker metal seems to inherently lead toward bigger notes while thinner metal inherently leads toward smaller notes. While there are some ways to compensate for this, we are speaking about generalized inherent nature. Because of the thickness profile, fully hammer shaped center notes on a Saraz tend to be stronger and stiffer than on a deep drawn Saraz, which are very easily bendable. The highest harmonic partials such as G#6 or A6 (the compound 5ths of C#5 and D5) are a bit easier to make sing on hammer shaped Saraz than on deep drawn Saraz while they are the easiest to make sing on a rolled shell Saraz. This is not to say that beautiful instruments can not be made on shells from other forming methods as multiple builders have achieved it on each forming method. It is only to explain how and why we have designed our architecture around the hammered shell method.
3. Tone and Timbre
Another reason that we prefer hammer shaped shells is because of the inherent nature of the tone and timbre. While much of this equation is enormously influenced by heat treating, metal alloy, and especially architecture, there are inherent qualities to the hammer sunk shell that appear somewhat universal. Particularly, hammered shells appear to have a nice and balanced degree of coupling or note activation, at least for our particular taste as players. It is very common for lower notes to activate higher notes. For example, a B3 might activate a B4 on the other side of the instrument because they share the same frequency (B4). Sometimes, a high note might also activate a lower note in the same way. Controlling the degree of this coupling is the only reason why we turn some notes more parallel to the rim (particularly notes that share the same frequencies as the center note). In comparison, there is much less coupling on a deep drawn Saraz or on the hydro formed instruments that we have seen.
We would never proclaim that either shell or quality is better or worse. It is simply a matter of preference and personal taste. Some players and builders prefer less activation while we prefer a bit more. There is a limit however to how much we prefer. When we were building predominantly rolled shell Saraz, our architecture and building process of the time lead to much greater coupling to a point that we sometimes did not prefer. While the Halo has developed in ways that tame this variable considerably resulting in a beautiful balanced instrument, there seems to be an inherent quality of strong coupling with the rolled forming process. We particularly found this to be true with bottom notes on rolled shells.
4. Note Isolation
Another interesting quality of comparison between forming methods is note isolation. While we prefer just the right amount of coupling, we also want the best note isolation possible between adjacent notes. While it is nice to have 10, 11, or even 12 notes on a top shell, it becomes increasingly more difficult to achieve excellent isolation with every instrument. This is what is most impressive in the instruments of builders that have achieved it! Of the forming processes that we have explored, we have found that the hammered shell has the most inherent isolation for our building methods and architecture. While of course great isolation can be achieved


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The 2004 Rose Revolution succeeded in part thanks to women's vibrant participation. Now the Women's Fund in Georgia is shaking up the country's legal structure and reclaiming women's historic connection to philanthropy.
For centuries, women in the Caucasus nations advanced education and culture, and created charities. However, during Soviet rule this tradition was treated as a bourgeois relic and forced underground.
The Fund grew out of the Educational Cooperation and Development Center, a women's organization formed in 1998 that built strong ties with women's groups and local businesses. The group developed experience with grantmaking when it received a $20,000 partnership grant from the Global Fund in 2002 that it regranted to 12 small women's groups in remote areas of Georgia.
To engage the private sector in funding women's organizations, the group is advocating for legislative changes that will allow individuals and companies to make tax-deductible gifts to nongovernmental organizations. Such incentives are currently nonexistent in the region.
As the Women's Fund explains, "For Georgian women, philanthropy is the power which helps them make a choice dictated by both heart and mind. Only this kind of independent choice gives women the chance to fulfill their principles, rights and responsibilities."
Want to Change the World?


text:
1997 the Department of the Interior added the Grove Street
Cemetery to the National Register of Historic Places.
Three years later the Department
declared the cemetery a National Historic Landmark, the first
cemetery so designated in New England, because "this
site possesses national significance in commemorating the
history of the United States of America."
the cemetery "represents a mile-stone in the development
of a cemetery as a distinct institution.
Its monuments reflect the history of funerary
art in America while its entrance gate is recognized as one
of the leading examples of Egyptian Revival style in the
"The Dead Shall Be Raised"
Thomas Clarke Williams