text:
Insect Pests on Christmas Trees
Iowa State University Extension
My favorite part of the holidays has always been the Christmas tree. There is just something magical about bringing a real, live, fresh-cut evergreen tree into my living room and decorating it with pretty colored lights.
However, on occasion, a little more "real" world comes in than I bargain for. It is not uncommon to also bring in some insects or spiders that were on the tree while it was growing outdoors. Fortunately, these "accidental invader" insect and spider pests are harmless. Plus, if you have a budding entomologist in the house, insects are the best presents you can find under the tree!
Spiders and Aphids
The two pests most commonly found on fresh-cut trees are aphids and spiders. In both cases, adults that were on the trees back in late summer or fall laid eggs on the stems or foliage. These eggs would have remained dormant through the cold weather of winter, but you keep your house nice and warm and they think it is spring and hatch. Hopefully it is just a few, but occasionally several hundred baby insects or spiders can be on a single tree.
These newly hatched insects and spiderlings are very small (approximately 1/16th inch). Only when they are present in large numbers do they even make sufficient impact to be noticed. In many cases, the newly-hatched insects and spiders wander only a very short distance before drying out and dying.
One aphid that is most likely to hitchhike into the house in the egg stage is the white pine aphid. This is a relatively large aphid that feeds on sap from needles and stems of the eastern white pine. During the fall, females lay large, shiny black eggs end-to-end along the needles. Five to 25 eggs may line up like a row of oblong beads on a single needle. After several days at room temperature, these eggs begin to hatch into very, very small, dark gray to black aphids.
A similar situation occurs with several species of spiders. Eggs laid in a marble-sized, silken sac can hatch after several days indoors, and literally hundreds of very tiny, dark gray spiderlings may emerge in dense clusters.
None of the insects or spiders that emerge after being carried in on a fresh-cut tree will cause any harm or damage to the tree, the house, the furnishings or the occupants. They cannot bite or sting and they will not live long enough to grow or multiply. Low levels of sap in the tree mean an inadequate food supply for aphids and other sap-sucking insects. They will quickly die of starvation or desiccation, whichever comes first. Similarly, spiders will not find adequate food for growth and development, so sadly they too will wander about for a brief period before they expire.
Aphids and spiders from Christmas trees are an annoyance because of their presence. But this does not justify use of any insecticides to combat their existence. Simply pick or vacuum them up and throw them away for the only necessary "control."
Do not spray insecticides on fresh cut Christmas trees. There is no benefit, and while household insecticides are not a serious health threat, why expose your family to pesticides that aren't needed?
The slight threat of a close encounter with these harmless, tiny "bugs" while you gather around the tree should not deter you from the tradition of using a live tree in your holiday decorations.As pest problems go, this is a minor annoyance at worst and shouldn't keep anyone from enjoying a fresh-cut tree.
The Tick Hoax
A few years ago a popular radio personality recommended dusting your Christmas tree with "flea and tick powder" (the brand sold by his sponsor, by the way) as a prevention against ticks and the Lyme disease they may carry. This is an especially galling and nasty hoax playing on people's fears of ticks ("blood suckers!") and the highly publicized Lyme disease.
As we must remind often, there are no ticks in trees. Never. The widespread misconception that ticks live in trees appears to be deeply ingrained in the common folklore. There are no ticks in Christmas trees, nor in any other kind of tree.
Dusting your Christmas tree with "flea and tick powder" is a worthless misuse of pesticide that again, exposes your family to unnecessary pesticide residue with no possible benefit in return.
Spraying or dusting Christmas trees in not necessary. Period


text:
Monash Law Clinics - Clayton is staffed by law students who conduct legal work on behalf of real clients, all while working in direct collaboration with expert supervisors.
Students also undertake follow-up work such as drafting letters, court documents, negotiating with another party and keeping the client informed about file progress.
Priority is given to those clients least able to access the legal, finance or social welfare system on their own due to financial difficulties, language, literacy or other disadvantage.
Benefits for students:
- Improved graduate employability driven by the skills and knowledge gained through participation.
- Providing all students, regardless of social or economic background, with pathways into the legal profession.
- Increase connection points and enhanced opportunities.
- Build professional networks.
- A deeper understanding and appreciation of the law and its application in the community, government and commercial world.
- Potential to be involved in meaningful and high-profile law reforms.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
This originally Norman surname of WARNKE was derived from a Germanic personal name composed of the elements WARIN (guard) and HERI (meaning army). The name has two distinct origins, it was a baptismal name 'the son of Warrener' and an occupational name meaning the keeper of the 'warren' a place privileged for the keeping of conies, hares, partridges and pheasants. The name is also spelt WARNE, WERNKE, WARNINCK, WARNKEN, WERTZ, WORLIN, WESSELMAN, WERNJTES and WESSELING, to name but a few. Early records of the name mention Edward WARNE who was recorded in County Devon in the year 1185, and Jervase de WERNE of the County Somerset was recorded in the year 1273. Gervase de WERNE appears during the reign of Edward III (_PHONE_). William WARNES of Yorkshire, was listed in the Yorkshire Poll Tax of 1379. Edward WARNE, of County Gloucestershire, registered at Oxford University in 1607. Hereditary surnames were originally imported from France into England during the Norman Conquest of 1066. In the two centuries or so after the Conquest surnames were acquired by most families of major landholders, and many landed families of lesser importance. There appears to have been a constant trickle of migration into Britain between about the years 1200 and 150O, mostly from France and the Low Countries, with a small number of migrants from Scandinavia, Germany, Italy and the Iberian peninsular, and occasional individuals from further afield. During this period groups of aliens settled in this country as for example, the Germans who from the late 15th century onwards settled in Cumbria to work the metal mines. Immigration during this time had only a small effect on the body of surnames used in Britain. In many cases, the surnames of immigrants were thoroughly Anglicised. The late sixteenth century saw the arrival, mostly in London and the south-coast ports of large numbers of people fleeing from the war regions of France. Robert Browne married Mary WARNES in Canterbury, Kent in the year 1661. Baptised. John, son of Stephen WARNES at St. Columb Major, Cornwall in 1707.
Orders over $90 qualify for Free Shipping within the U.S. (Use coupon code: FREESHIP).


text:
themes you heard: The class was on introduction to African Civilization, Religion and philosophy the Kamitic proverb "Our people originated at the base of the mountain of the Moon at the origin of the Nile" Egyptian proverbs.
-The lecture relates to the ancient Egyptians.
-who were the ancient Kamites and Nubians
-Why is it important to know?
-flowering of African culture
-Downfall of civilization
The three most important aspects that allows society to function:
1. Civilization 2. Religion 3. Philosophy
Dr. Ashby asked if the audience join yet? The question was in reference to the Fraternities and Sororities. If they become part of the group yet? Following blindly with their Coca-Cola? The Coca Cola reference was based on a poster that had symbolism of an Eskimo who was blind, deaf and dumb and he was leading his family with that soda. Dr.Ashby mentioned the section of the Kamitic origins of Greek philosophy, Greek orders and how those orders are based on borrowing from ancient kamitic society and he also referenced a book that talks about it by Cheikh Anta Diop entitled "African origins of civilization". Then Dr.Ashby also known as Sebai MAA said if you didn't join up I'm so proud of you, if you did join up then you need to reconsider. Sebai Maa stated that he wants us to start thinking for ourselves and not join things blindly. Dr.Ashby informed the class of the difference between Kamitic symbolism and Greek symbolism is that the Greek culture is a culture of enjoyment, egoism and excess while the Kamitic culture is a culture of philosophy and of thought. We were cautioned that when you look at symbols you have to be aware and critical. This is because symbols are affecting you in many ways you are unaware of on subconscious levels. Some of the ways that symbolisms are affecting society in a negative way is that people are angry, violent and the degrading of women. In ancient African culture its symbolism was balanced and based on male and female being equal, as well as leadership being equal with both genders. Also in terms of spirituality with male and female were equal and based on Kamitic philosophy, and philosophy dictates culture. The question was posed asking how is it that all humanity came from Africa? And what's the difference between ancient Africans and modern Africans of the Diaspora and Africans?
It has been shown that before this last ice age that occurred about 15,000 years ago there were people who moved out of Africa and settled in Asia and Europe when there was an ice bridge in the Aleutian Islands between Siberia and Alaska people were able to cross on foot to the Americas. Also it has been shown that Homosapiens emerged 150,000 years ago and Central Africa in the Great Lakes region today called Kenya. The Nile River begins at Mount Kilimanjaro. The ice melts and creates the waters of the white and blue Nile. The people along the Nile River were called Nilotic people and they were dependent on the annual flooding of the Nile to be able to plan their planting and sowing of seeds. This gives rise to the understanding of regularity of life and consistency of nature something that does not happen and tropical regions of Africa where rains are constant and so is the abundance, so those people don't have to think about regularity. This is what modern African sociologist have pointed to as the reason for the complacency of the people in these tropical regions of Africa. Louis Leakey discovered the bones of Lucy believed to be at the time the oldest bones on the planet and it has been proven that all humanity comes from one ancestry, AFRICAN, regardless of skin color physical appearance or race. Race is an illusion. It's a concept to control people. The purpose of culture is not to differentiate people, it's a byproduct of culture but not its purpose. The purpose of culture is to give you a window of reality. One's Culture is like putting on sunglasses to look through the world, the glasses of the different cultures have various things that distort the views through the lenses one uses to see. So people see the world from the views of African, Siberian, and Alaskan etc. perspectives. An example given was that of the wood used to make drums in different lands, the wood makes the sound of one drum different from that of another from a different region which influences the culture. The lecture shifted to talking about cultural myths and Joseph Campbell a well-known mythologist who has a documentary called "The Power Of Myth" has shown that even though each cultures myths are different than another's they've developed a "perennial philosophy". A Perennial Philosophy is a philosophy that underlies all cultures and all myths. As humans we have one underlying desire and that desire is to know Self, and our myths are surrounded by this desire, but they are not the same nor have the same origin. The question was posed saying "But how can we show that the Greeks got the common kamitic aspects of their myths from the kamitic myth?" The answer to this is included and the answer to the question why is it important to know? Joseph Campbell in his hero of a thousand faces talked about the mask of culture. How culture is actually a mask, but this culture is not a reality in fact it's a manufactured reality. There's no person who does not have a culture, culture shows you who you are, what country you're from, how you relate to others, your beliefs, etc. Culture is how you relate to the world. When you transcend culture that is when you "Know Thyself". Your higher self is beyond culture. Once you Know Thyself then you discover other human beings are also the Self. Science confirms this through genetics, Anthropology, Genealogy etc. We are from the same source we are all brothers and sisters, called Sa(brother) and Sat(sister) in Ancient Kamit and this is what confused Egyptologist in their thinking that Ancient Egyptians practiced incest because they didn't and don't realized the ancient Egyptians recognize the relationship of all humanity regardless of skin color, eyes, or region. Our ability to produce regardless of various hues and shades shows us we are one. As soon as we stop affirming this misconception of separation, that we are not all related, once we stop denying our oneness we will have a better world. We are all African in essence and if this is the truth what has caused the situation we are in today? The answer is ignorance. The actual name of the sphinx is Har M Akhet (Heru in the horizon) and it is the oldest monument in the world the vertical striations show water damage which could only have occurred about 10000 BC. The fact that the sphinx is limestone makes it possible to date it, in contrast to granite of the pyramids. The Lion body and human head symbolizes someone who has mastered the lower nature and their intellect, their higher nature or the serpent on the head of the Sphinx. The Sphinx Temple is the oldest temple in the world. The Sphinx facing east lined up with the Leo constellation around 10,500 BC. Kamitic culture wore the same head dress as the Sphinx with the serpent on the forehead, it means that spiritual consciousness has reached the mind. Some of the symbols of the ancient Kamitic zodiac are the Ram, Bull and Lion. The headdress means the worship of the Spirit in the form of Heru (of Ra) goes all the way back to 30 BC and back before 10,000 BC. Kamit already had "high culture", Religion, Spirituality and philosophy while the people of Europe were still in caves. There was no other "high culture" in the world that was known not in Asia, India or Africa. All other cultures have drawn from ancient Egyptian civilization, but that doesn't make the other cultures civilizations this includes Christians, Jews, Hindus etc. New radiocarbon dating on organic material between the stones (since you cannot date the stones) of the pyramid have shown the date as 374 years older then what the textbooks say the pyramids are. This is important because it dismisses the notion that ancient Kamit developed at the same time as Sumerian culture and that ancient Kamit got its language and ideas of civilization from the Sumerians. Ancient Egypt is the flowering of African culture. Just as in essence we are all Africans, the essence of all religions have their origins in Africa. Hebrews were not slaves they were one group under ancient Egyptian rule and they did not build the pyramids. Even the worst estimated date of the pyramids by Europeans date them at 2300 BC the first Jewish person Abraham was supposed to have existed 2000 BC., which was hundreds of years later.
B-Note which one you thought was most important and why: one of the most important points that resonated with me during this lecture was the quote from African origins of civilization by Cheikh Anta Diop " the history of black Africa will remain suspended in air and cannot be written correctly until African historians dare to connect it with the history of Egypt. In particular, the study of languages, institutions, and so forth, cannot be treated properly; in a word, it will be impossible to build African humanities, a body of African human sciences, so long as that relationship does not appear legitimate." The reason why this is so important to myself is because from where I stand I've noticed that there has been a concentrated effort to keep the fact that the ancient Egyptians were Black African in origin who migrated from Ethiopia and that Egypt is actually in Africa as a part of the continent. Most people of African descent here in America especially the younger generation think that Egypt is in the Middle East and that the Ancient Egyptians look like they are portrayed in the movies. This


text:
- Product Overview
Herbs of Gold Tyrosine 1000 provides high strength tyrosine in a convenient tablet form. Tyrosine is an essential precursor for the synthesis of neurotransmitters, thyroid hormones and melanin, the pigment found in hair and skin.
- Healthy mood
- Healthy thyroid function
- Maintains alertness
- Tyrosine is a non-essential amino acid (synthesised from the essential amino acid phenylalanine) and is an essential precursor for a wide range of diverse and far-reaching biochemical reactions in the body.
- Tyrosine 1000 helps maintain healthy nervous system function, positive feelings of wellness and a healthy balanced mood.
- Tyrosine 1000 helps support neurotransmitter production for the regulation of a healthy mood and supports a normal, healthy stress response.
- Tyrosine 1000 helps maintain alertness and attention.
- Tyrosine is required for the synthesis of thyroid hormones, helping to maintain healthy thyroid function and normal metabolic rate.
- Tyrosine 1000 helps support normal melanin production, the pigment responsible for hair and skin colour, helping to maintain hair colour.
- Tyrosine 1000 provides antioxidant properties and assists in the maintenance of general wellbeing.
Adults – Take 1 tablet, once or twice daily, with food, or as directed by your healthcare practitioner.
Each tablet contains:
Tyrosine 1g Does not contain added egg, milk, peanut, corn, soy or tree nut products, yeast, gluten, lactose, artificial colourings, flavourings or preservatives.
Maximum Quantity Allowed per customer:


Aquarius Temporary Tattoo
Aquarius temporary tattoos represent the zodiac eleventh sign symbolized by water bearer. Mostly, Aquarius is depicted as a pot that is spilling water or water alone. The water is usually presented with two horizontal zigzag lines piled on each other. Sometimes, the two lines feature the stars around them to denote an Aquarius constellation design. Furthermore, the water bearer is usually presented as a woman or a man carrying a pot of water.


RSS 2.0 Feed
A & S News
Character Analysis: Medical Conditions Named for Literary Characters
May 22, 2009
What do Cinderella, Dorian Gray, and Huckleberry Finn have in common? Besides leading in the literary world, these characters and more have come to represent obscure medical conditions. Although most syndromes are named after their discovering physicians, here are a few named after memorable literary figures.
Rapunzel Syndrome: an extremely rare medical condition relating to the ingestion of hair. People with this syndrome have also usually been diagnosed with Trichotillomania, a psychological disorder involving the overwhelming urge to pull out one's hair.
Dorian Gray Syndrome: marked by one's obsession with his or her physical appearance. Such people also have problems with the aging process and use plastic surgery and heavy cosmetics to hide their physical imperfections.
Mowgli Syndrome: seen in children who have not developed adequately due to severe neglect. Such children are oftentimes victims of parental abuse, and in extreme cases, have been raised by animals.
Cinderella Syndrome: present among stepchildren and adopted children who make up detailed stories of abuse or abandonment.
Othello Syndrome: characterized by one's obsession with the faithfulness of his or her mate. The syndrome oftentimes results in extreme measures to secure one's doubts and jealousy, some of which can include stalking, suicide and homicide.
Alice in Wonderland Syndrome: a neurological disorder in which the person experiences vision distortion and perception issues. It is a temporary syndrome oftentimes associated with migraines, psychoactive drugs and brain tumors.
Huckleberry Finn's Syndrome: marked by the lack of responsibility one has as a child that is carried into adulthood. The syndrome may be a defense mechanism that grows out of low self-esteem in intelligent children.


text:
You step into a serene oasis, surrounded by lush greenery, you hear the whispers promises of rejuvenation. You're at ORÍKÌ, and today, the world of water therapy awaits. Brace yourself for an experience that should soothe your soul, invigorate your body, and leave you utterly refreshed.
The Magic of Water Therapy
Water therapy, also known as hydrotherapy, is an age-old wellness practice that shows that harnessing the healing properties of water can promote well-being. At ORÍKÌ, we've created a few sanctuaries of aquatic bliss that promises to be a highlight of your spa journey.
Steam Room Serenity
Step into our steam room, and you'll feel the gentle embrace of warm, enveloping steam. As the mist swirls around you, stress melts away, and tension dissipates. The heat opens your pores, purifies your skin, and encourages detoxification. It's a profound relaxation experience that leaves you feeling light, both physically and mentally.
The sauna, a haven of dry heat, offers a different kind of solace. As you bask in the warmth, your muscles relax, and your circulation improves. It's a sanctuary of calm, where you can let go of the cares of the day and simply be. The benefits for your skin, heart, and overall well-being are boundless.
The outdoor pool at our Lagos Continental Hotel branch is more than just a place to take a dip. It's a place to reconnect with the natural world. As you glide through the water, you'll feel the stress of the world wash away. Swimming is not just exercise; it's an act of liberation, a chance to be weightless and free.
Why does Water Therapy matter, you ask? Some reasons may include;
- Stress Relief: Water has an innate ability to calm the mind and reduce stress. It's like a gentle hug for your soul.
- Detoxification: Heat and water together encourage your body to release toxins, leaving you feeling refreshed and revitalized.
- Improved Circulation: Saunas and steam rooms boost blood circulation, which can lead to better cardiovascular health.
- Muscle Relaxation: Warm water and dry heat soothe tired muscles and ease tension, providing relief from aches and pains.
- Skin Benefits: Steam opens your pores, helping your skin purge impurities and look its radiant best.
At ORÍKÌ, our water therapy experiences are designed to be an integral part of your wellness journey. Whether you're seeking relaxation, rejuvenation, or simply a moment of serenity, our steam room, sauna, and outdoor pool are waiting to welcome you.
So, why wait? Dive into bliss, embrace the magic of water therapy, and let ORÍKÌ be your sanctuary of aquatic serenity. Your journey to wellness begins with a single step into the soothing embrace of water. Come, discover the goodness of water therapy at ORÍKÌ, and let your spirit float on a sea of tranquility.


text:
|Sponsor||Rep. McCarthy, Carolyn|
|Committee||Oversight and Government Reform|
|Date||April 21, 2009 (111th Congress, 1st Session)|
|Staff Contact||Adam Hepburn|
H.Res. 254 is being considered on the floor under suspension of the rules, requiring a two-thirds majority vote for passage. This legislation was introduced by Representative Carolyn McCarthy (D-NY) on March 17, 2009.
H.Res. 254 resolves that the House of Representatives:
- "Honors Irish-Americans for their contributions to the United States;
- "Recognizes the significance of Irish-Americans in the history and progress of the United States; and
- "Encourages individuals to observe this month with appropriate ceremonies, programs, and activities."
According to the resolution's findings, 56 signers of the Declaration of Independence were of Irish origin and 19 Presidents of the United States have Irish heritage, including George Washington. Large numbers of Irish immigrants came to the United States during the Great Famine of the 1840s, transforming America's largest cities, into dynamic centers of commerce and industry. Today, one in four Americans trace at least part of their ancestry to Ireland.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Question: How Long Can Meat Stay At 50 Degrees?
What is the 2 4 hour rule?
How long can milk last at 50 degrees?
Also, remember that after this milk is opened it should be treated like regular milk and kept cool at 40° F or cooler. It's important to remember that opened milk, regardless of the type, should never be left in temperatures above 40° F for more than two hours."
Is 50 degrees too warm for a refrigerator?
The temperature inside your refrigerator needs to be cold enough to inhibit bacterial growth, and warm enough so the food doesn't freeze. Refrigerators should be set to 40 degrees F (4 degrees C) or colder. A good temperature range for a refrigerator is between 34-38 degrees F (1-3 degrees C).
Will yogurt spoil at 50 degrees?
According to the US Department of Health & Human Services, you should throw out yogurt if it's been out at room temperature for more than two hours. If the temperature is higher than 90 degrees Fahrenheit, you only have one hour to eat that yogurt sitting out of the refrigerator.
Is 45 degrees a safe temperature for a refrigerator?
At what temperature does bacteria grow on food?
Temperature: Most bacteria will grow rapidly between 4°C and 60°C (40°F and 140°F). This is referred to as the danger zone (see the section below for more information on the danger zone).
Will eggs go bad at 50 degrees?
Once eggs have been refrigerated, it is important they stay cool, even during a power outage. … A cold egg left out at room temperature can sweat, facilitating the growth of bacteria. Eggs are required to be refrigerated at 45˚ or lower for safety and optimal freshness.
Will eggs spoil at 50 degrees?
Does reheating food kill bacteria?
Proper heating and reheating will kill foodborne bacteria. … This bacterium produces a toxin that can develop in cooked foods that sit out at room temperature for more than two hours.
Can meat be stored at 50 degrees?
Meat should be stored in the coldest part of the refrigerator. As storage temperatures approach 40°F perishability increases. Rapid growth of bacteria begins at about 50°F. Meat in-transit from the place of purchase, or left to thaw at room temperature, invites the growth of spoilage organisms.
How Long Can Chicken stay at 50 degrees?
Is yogurt safe at 50 degrees?
At what temperature will eggs spoil?
40°FThe presence of bacteria inside an egg is what eventually causes it to "go bad," or rot. However, keeping an egg at refrigerator temperatures (below 40°F, or 4°C) slows the growth of bacteria and helps prevent it from penetrating the shell ( 5, 6 ).
Is it OK to leave eggs unrefrigerated?
"A cold egg left out at room temperature can sweat, facilitating the movement of bacteria into the egg and increasing the growth of bacteria. Refrigerated eggs should not be left out more than two hours." Consumers themselves should not try to wash their eggs, the USDA warns.
Will cheese spoil at 60 degrees?
Don't let it sit out for more than four hours! There has been some extensive research done in Wisconsin that proves cheese can stay out for up to six hours at 70°F or colder. Some cheeses tested for low levels of listeria, salmonella, Escherichia, and staphylococcus but nothing life-threatening.
Can food spoil at 50 degrees?
How long will meat keep at 45 degrees?
How long can food sit at 50 degrees?
How warm can a refrigerator get before food goes bad?
40 °FBefore using any foods, check your refrigerator and freezer thermometers. If the fridge is still at or below 40 °F, or the food has been above 40 °F for only 2 hours or less, it should be safe to eat.


text:
Families are provided beehives and the tools needed to maintain them. FH also trains families on modern beekeeping so they're able to continue earning income into the future.
WHY THIS MATTERS
Beehives allow vulnerable families to earn a sustainable income through the production and sale of honey and beeswax. Families can then use their extra income and pay for things like medical care and school fees.


text:
Antarctica's Mount Erebus may be covered with glaciers, but they do little to cool the volcano's molten core. The world's southernmost volcano to show activity during recorded history, Erebus holds a lava lake and occasionally experiences explosive eruptions. In 2004, the reliable presence of a lava lake at this volcano's summit made Mount Erebus the perfect place to test a self-directed satellite and sensor.
This image shows two views of Mount Erebus from February 6, 2009, captured by sensors on NASA's Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) satellite. The larger image was acquired by the Advanced Land Imager (ALI), and the inset image was acquired by the Hyperion sensor. The larger image shows a true-color, photo-like view of the volcano, and the inset image shows thermal activity, highlighting the volcano's molten lava lake.
On May 7, 2004, the Autonomous Sciencecraft Experiment on EO-1 first demonstrated its ability to detect volcanic activity by sensing thermal emissions at Erebus. After the initial detection, the satellite gave itself new orders to take fresh observations of the volcano several hours later. Scientists who subsequently examined the data EO-1 acquired confirmed that a genuine thermal emission had been detected. Since that time, EO-1 has been successfully employed to detect other volcanic eruptions, including those near densely populated areas.
This Mount Erebus image shows a fairly typical level of activity for the volcano, including a molten lava lake and vapor emissions. Erebus is a stratovolcano composed of alternating layers of solidified ash, hardened lava, and rocks ejected by earlier eruptions. The volcano was erupting when British explorer Captain James Ross first observed it 1841, and it has shown continuous lava lake activity since 1972.


text:
|A Multi-Layered Display with Water Drops
With a single projector-camera system and a set of linear drop generator manifolds, we have created a multi-layered water drop display that can be used for text, videos, and interactive games.
|Coplanar Shadowgrams for Acquiring Visual Hulls of Intricate Objects
We present a practical approach to shape-from-silhouettes using a novel technique called coplanar shadowgram imaging that allows us to use dozens to even hundreds of views for visual hull reconstruction.
|Robotic Perception for Underground Rescue
Robots are potential tools for life saving in underground rescue operations like mine disasters. Human rescuers are thwarted by roof falls, explosion dangers, quality of air, visibility through smoke and dust, mental stress and physical endurance.
|The Robotics Institute is part of the School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University.|
Contact Us | Update Instructions


How long does chlorine gas stay in the air? It does not gas-off as easily and it is more long-lasting. Might take a … At 1–3 ppm, there is mild mucus membrane irritation that can usually be tolerated for about an hour. Chlorine gas can enter your body through your nose or your mouth.
bags absorb moisture from humid air, and bags can dissolve in 12-24 months (! "; Chloramine does not dissipate easily compared to chlorine.
So I was wondering how long the Chlorine gas might stay in a basement??? Chlorine gas injury is seen after industrial and occupational exposure, accidental spills and deliberate poisoning. Does boiling the water efficiently withdraw the Chlorine?
It takes about 4-8 weeks from the time chlorine bleach is made to when it gets to a store so that you can buy it to take home. Pool shock in 1 lb. Rick P. 1 decade ago.
Favorite Answer.
Answer Save. Relevance.
Chlorine is a yellow-green gas at room temperature. Once the CO2 gets into the atmosphere, carbon dioxide may keep on affecting climate for thousands of years afterwards.
Calcium Hypochlorite, aka pool shock or granular chlorine also has a long shelf life, if kept in an air tight container, in a cool and dry (indoor) location. 1 Answer. Chlorine is added to pools in a powder or liquid form — not as a gas — and by itself, it typically can't form gas clouds unless there's an incredible amount of it, Calello said.
At low concentrations (less than 10 ppm), almost all of the chlorine is removed from the air in the upper part of the respiratory airways and only a very small amount may reach your lungs. Chloramine is a less effective disinfectant than chlorine.
More recently, chlorine gas has again been used as a weapon of war.
5.3.3 Chlorine dioxide gas. Acute chlorine toxicity causes damage to the respiratory tract and usually occurs with short-term, high-level exposures such as spills. Somewhere between 65% and 80% of carbon dioxide that remains into the air is prone to dissolve into the ocean. Breathing elevated chlorine levels causes build-up of fluid in the lungs, a condition known as the pulmonary edema. How does chlorine gas affect the body? Depends on the air flow down there.
The free residual chlorine dissipates rapidly as treated effluent is released through receiving waters.
Humans can detect low levels of chlorine gas. Another alternative for chemical sterilization is chlorine dioxide gas (ClO 2), an oxidative gas, which is most efficient at temperatures ranging from 25°C to 30°C (Kowalski and Morrissey, 2004).
Chlorine gas enters your body only when you breathe it in. The World Health Organization (WHO, PDF 145 KB) says that "monochloramine is about 2,000 and 100,000 times less effective than free chlorine for the inactivation of E. Coli and rotaviruses, respectively. ).
At 5–15 ppm, there is moderate mucus membrane irritation. That small an amount will diffuse quickly down to safe levels though. In humans, the threshold concentration for detection of the odor of chlorine gas ranges from 0.1–0.3 ppm. Chloramine stays in the water distribution system longer than chlorine. This leaves you 3-5 months where the bleach is at the effectiveness level stated on its label. The rest of it vanishes through slower processes that can last for several hundreds of years.
Monkey Wrench Lyrics, Jacques Anquetil Bike, Christmas Message To Sailors, The Huggabug Club, Doing It Book, Get List Of Active Directory Users Powershell, Marine Corps Mos List, Apple Barrel Paint, Mls Teams Map, List Of Villain Parents, I Only Care About You, IL‑2 Sturmovik: 1946, Civil Services Posts, Anglo-eastern Maritime Training Centre, Tutor Duties And Responsibilities, Interstellar Netflix Singapore, 3-2 Engineering Programs, Arulmigu Ramanathaswamy Temple, My Little Riding Champion, Fay Grim Cast, Boston Breakers Usfl, 3ds Cia Games, Cedar Cove Imdb, Deep Purple - Hush, 2021 Chevy Sonic, Road Safety Rules For Cyclists, Greek Fire Ships, Rockstar Lyrics Nickelback - Chords, Weapons Of Mass Instruction Pdf, Justice For Ursula, Crysis 4 System Requirements,


text:
This session introduces pupils to some of the amazing ancient wax seals in our collection. The aim of the workshop is to give pupils an understanding of how seals were made, how and why they were used, and what the images used on them mean.
For the first activity, we look at royal seals from the time of Edward the Confessor up to the present day. Pupils identify different elements of the designs and compare how they have changed and developed over the last thousand years. Pupils also have a close look at some of the seals belonging to Tudor kings and queens to see what particular impression each one tried to create about themselves on their seal.
For the second activity, we look at personal seals that belonged to barons, knights, ladies, craftsmen, religious houses and ordinary people in medieval and Tudor times. Pupils work out why each person chose the design they did for their seal, and discuss how this can help us understand people in the past. Finally, pupils get to try designing their own seal on paper using the knowledge and ideas they have gained during the workshop to create images that are appropriate to their life and interests.
This session can be delivered as a
- Virtual classroom


text:
Welcome to Vision Montessori in Ashburn where children are provided the opportunity to grow and begin their educational journey. Our teachers have a passion for education and achieve to inspire a love of learning in each child. The goal of our preschool program is to guide and equip our students, from infants through Kindergarten, with an academic foundation, critical thinking skills and the character to flourish. Visit our school and you will see our inviting classrooms carefully prepared to enhance your child's learning experience and why we are much more than just a daycare, child care center or a traditional private school. Learn more about what Vision Montessori can provide for your child.
We offer parents the benefits of an authentic Montessori education at the cost of traditional daycare. We are proud to extend a10% tuition discount to all federal, state, and county employees. Unlike many Montessori schools in area, we follow a year round schedule including offering programs during the summer and providing your family more consistency. During the winter months, we do not follow Loudoun County Public Schools during weather related closings and make every attempt to remain open.
Children 3 - 18 months
Children 18 - 36 months
Children 3 - 5 years
Children 5 - 6 years


text:
Variable Measurement Systems - Part 3: Linearity
- Linearity Definition
- Linearity Study
- Analyzing the Results
- Interpreting the Results
- Quick Links
This newsletter is the third in a series on variable measurement systems and how to understand the impact these measurement systems have on your operations. Measurement systems are extremely important in continuous process improvement. We must measure to know where we are. We use measurements to tell us if there is a problem in the process or if a process change has improved the process.
For measurements to be effective, they must be timely, accurate, and precise. Many of our customers, both internal and external, rely on our measurements. So how do we provide measurements that are meaningful? That is the purpose of this series of newsletters.
The first series covered stability of measurement systems and how to use control charts to monitor the stability of measurement systems. In the last series we examined bias in measurement systems. Bias occurs when there is a difference between the true value (reference value) and the observed average of the measurements on the same characteristic on the same sample. In this newsletter we examine linearity of measurement systems. Linearity is concerned with the bias throughout the measurement range.
The third edition of the book Measurement Systems Analysis (published by AIAG) has the following definition for linearity:
"The difference of bias throughout the expected operating (measurement) range of the equipment is called linearity."
This means that you cannot assume constant bias throughout the measurement range. Possible causes of linearity issues include:
- Measurement system needs calibration
- Poor maintenance on the measurement system
- Problem with the master
- Poor measurement system design
The process for conducting a study to determine if there is linearity in a measurement system is given below. It is important that the measurement system be stable (in statistical control) when the linearity study is done. This is done by running a standard on a regular basis, plotting the results on a control chart and interpreting the results for statistical control. How to do this was covered in the first series on measurement systems analysis.
The steps in a linearity study are given below. The key starting point is selecting samples to include in the study. These samples must span the range of the measurement variation in the process. For example, if your process output varies from 70 to 100, you want to select samples that span that range. You don't want to only include samples in the 90 to 100 range. You linearity study will not be valid for the entire range. It is best to have at least 5 samples over the range.
Another problem is determining the reference value for the samples. This can be done, for example, if you have a master tool room. You may have to send out the samples to another lab which you know has better precision than your lab.
The last issue is to be sure that one operator measures each sample at least 10 times. The samples should be measured in a random order.
Thus, the steps in conducting a linearity study are:
- Select at least 5 samples the measurement values of which cover the range of variation in the process
- Determine the reference value for each sample
- Have one operator measure each sample at least 10 times using the measurement system
Analyzing the Results
To show how to analyze the results, we will use the following example. A lab supervisor wants to check the linearity of a new measurement system. He collects five samples over the range of production and determines the reference value for each sample. He then has one operator run each sample 10 times in a random order. The results are given below.
To analyze the results, follow the steps below.
Calculate the bias for each measurement. This is done by subtracting the reference value from the measurement result. For example, the measurement result for the first measurement for the first sample was 7.7. The bias is then 7.7 - 7 = 0.7. The bias for all measurements is shown in the table below.
Calculate the average bias for each sample. This is done by adding up the bias results for each sample and dividing by the number of times each sample was tested. For example, for sample 1, the sum of the bias results is 4.9. Since the sample was tested 10 times, the average bias for sample 1 is 4.9/10 = 0.49. The averages for all samples are shown below.
- Sample 1: 0.49
- Sample 2: 0.16
- Sample 3: 0.02
- Sample 4: -0.28
- Sample 5: -0.61
Plot the individual bias results and the average bias versus the reference value for each sample. The plot is shown below.
- Determine the best fit line for the average bias results and add it to the chart.
- The best fit line is given by ybar = b1x + b0 where ybar = bias average and x = reference value for each sample.
The easiest way to do this is to use Microsoft Excel. You can easily add the trend line by right clicking on the chart and selecting "Add Trendline." You can also select the option to add the equation for the best fit line. This equation is ybar = -0.132x + 1.408.
Determine the standard deviation (s) using the following equation:
where n = total number of measurements (number of samples * number of repeat measurements = 5 * 10 = 50), yi is the individual bias results and xi is the reference value. Thus,
Determine the 95% upper confidence band (UCB) and lower confidence band (LCB) for each value of x0:
where t(0.05, df) is the value for the t distribution for n - 2 degrees of freedom nd 95% confidence. This is available from Microsoft Excel using the TINV function. For 48 degrees of freedom, the value of t is 2.011. The calculations for each value of the confidence band are not shown here.
Plot the confidence bands and the bias = 0 line on the chart. The final chart is shown below.
Interpreting the Results
The results can be interpreted graphically and numerically. If linearity is acceptable, the bias = 0 line must fall entirely within the confidence bands. This is clearly not the case in the above chart. So, there appears to be a problem with linearity.
You can also analyze the results numerically. The question you want to answer is "Is the slope of the bias line significantly different from 0?" To do this, you calculate the following t value:
The value of t for this data is 10.433. You compare this value of t to the critical t value for 48 degrees of freedom and 95% confidence. As shown above, the critical value of t is 2.011. If the absolute value of the calculated t value is greater than the critical value of t, then the slope is significantly different than zero. Since 10.433 is greater than 2.011, we conclude that the slope of the bias line is not 0 and that the linearity is not acceptable. This issue must be addressed and corrected before the measurement system can be used.
In the first series, we started our analysis of variable measurement systems. The first step in analyzing the performance of a measurement system is to ensure it is stable, i.e., in a state of statistical control. This is determined by finding a master sample, measuring it over time, and plotting the results on a X-mR chart. The X-mR chart is then analyzed for statistical control. It there are out-of-control points present, the causes of these must be eliminated. Once there are no out-of-control points, the measurement system is stable and further analysis can be done.
The next step is to ensure that there is no bias in the measurement. In the second series, an independent sample method was introduced to accomplish this. In this newsletter, we examined linearity to ensure that there is no bias over the range of measurements expected.
Next month we will continue our examination of measurement systems and examine gage R&R. This permits us to determine how acceptable the measurement system is.
Thanks so much for reading our publication. We hope you find it informative and useful. Happy charting and may the data always support your position.
Dr. Bill McNeese
BPI Consulting, LLC
Connect with Us
Measurement Systems Analysis
- << Return to Categories
- ANOVA Gage R&R - Part 1
- ANOVA Gage R&R - Part 2
- ANOVA Gage R&R - Part 3
- Acceptance Criteria for Measurement Systems Analysis (MSA)
- Attribute Gage R&R Studies - Part 2
- Attribute Gage R&R Studies: Comparing Appraisers
- Destructive Gage R&R Analysis
- Evaluating the Measurement Process - Part 1
- Evaluating the Measurement Process - Part 2
- Gage R&R for Non-Destructive and Destructive Test Methods
- Levey-Jennings Charts
- Measurement Systems - Is Yours Any Good?
- Monitoring Destructive Test Methods
- Monitoring Test Methods Using SPC
- Operational Definition of a Consistent Measurement System
- Operational Definitions/Measurement System Analysis
- Probable Error and Your Measurement System
- SPC and the Lab
- Specifications and Measurement Error
- The Impact of Measurement Error on Control Charts
- Three Methods to Analyze Gage R&R Studies
- Variable Measurement Systems - Part 1: Stability
- Variable Measurement Systems - Part 2: Bias
-


Question: Can You Study Too Much In One Day?
How much is too much studying a day?
How many hours a day should you study?
Does studying too much make you do worse?
Because new research shows that kids who study too much actually perform worse on standardized tests. And that's not all. Stanford researchers found that high school students who are swamped with homework often suffer from poor mental and physical health because they're studying instead of exercising or sleeping.
Is studying 8 hours a day too much?
I'm sure many people do well by studying 8 hours a day for months, but if you do that it will likely hurt your grades and other areas of your life. I'm not saying you shouldn't study a lot for the test, or that it's easy if you just do it the right way. It is still difficult and it still takes a lot of work.
Can I study for 8 hours a day?
I'm sure your first reaction when you see someone studying for 8 hours is that you think it's impossible. It is not, it's work, like those who work from 9 to 5 in offices. The trick is to have diversified tasks to do. Such as challenging tasks, easy, long and short.
What happens to your brain when you study too much?
To start off, cramming in information and over-studying can turn into extra, unwanted amounts of stress and tension that can burn out. … Researchers also say that too much stress from studying can cause brain inflammation and result in memory loss and depression. Even working, in general, can hurt people.
Is studying 12 hours a day too much?
12 isn't healthy but using a pomodoro timer works well. It's scientifically proven that it's better to study 1 hour per day rather than 2 hour per day. The reason is, you learn less per hour when you cram more information.
Can homework kill you?
Can too much studying be bad?
Studying too hard and too much can easily lead to burnout and leave your mind frazzled on the test date. You'll want to take breaks away from studying and focus on the rest of your life, fun, and school work. When you create your study calendar, make sure to account for breaks as well as entire days off.
Can I study for 15 hours a day?
Yes you can study 16-20 hours during your exam days, but not everyday and even if you will able to do so, you will stop studying in a month or two. Hence, take good amount of sleep and concentrate on the quality instead of quantity.
Is it healthy to study everyday?
Studying everyday, impacts your brains a lot, it is increase your memory power as well as quick leaning skills and also we help you to increase your IQ. student who studied everyday faces 75% less stress than student who don't. It increases your focus and concentration.
What happens to your brain when you study?
When You Learn, Your Brain Swells with New Cells — Then It Kills Them. Every time you learn a skill, new cells burst to life in your brain. Then, one after another, those cells die off as your brain figures out which ones it really needs. … Researchers have long known that brains change in response to learning.


Child tax credits are hitting bank accounts: How far does the money go in Burlington?
April Barton
Burlington Free Press
View Comments
Some Vermont families have begun receiving a $3,600 child tax credit. Just how far does that money go in the Burlington area?
The average amount people in the Burlington-South Burlington area spend on monthly household bills (not including rent or mortgage) is $1,090, according to Doxo, a bill pay management app that compiled bill pay information for metro areas across the country. So, a full child tax credit for one kid could help Vermont families alleviate three months' worth of bills.
Put another way, if families were to put the money toward paying one bill in particular, it would cover nine months of utilities (average cost of $395), about two years of health insurance (average cost of $141), or about two and a half years of cable and internet bills (average cost of $118).
Households in the Burlington-South Burlington area pay 7.3% more than the national average for monthly bills, which amount to 18.9% of their household income.
Monthly child tax credits:Payments start Thursday. Here's what to know
How the expanded child tax credits work
Households could receive up to $3,600 per child 5 years old and younger and $3,000 per child 6 and older.
The full amounts of $3,600 or $3,000 are eligible to those who make $75,000 or less for single taxpayers and $150,000 or less for joint filers. The payment is reduced by $50 for every $1,000 of income above those limits. Payments are made monthly for six months and then families can claim the other half when filing their 2021 income tax return.
A family receiving the full $3,600 benefit for a 5-year-old would receive $300 a month for the next 6 months and claim the other $1,800 on their taxes. A family receiving the full $3,000 benefit for a 10-year-old would get $250 a month for that child for six months and then claim the remaining $1,500 while filing their 2021 taxes.
View Comments


Text Size: A+ A- A • Text Only
Site Image
Patterson Bridge Project
Design Technology
In an attempt to preserve Oregon's coastal bridges, the Bridge Preservation Unit of the Oregon Department of Transportation has implemented a system known as Impressed-Current Cathodic Protection.
Cathodic Protection involves a complex electrochemical process designed to arrest the corrosion of the reinforcing steel embedded in concrete structures. The process involves the application of a sacrificial anode to the surface of the bridge, which is then wired electrically to the reinforcing steel within the bridge. The anodic material applied to the surface must be a metal that is more reactive with oxygen than the iron in the reinforcing steel. Typically, the anodic material is aluminum or zinc. The dissimilar metals establish a weak electric field, causing hydrogen and sodium ions in the concrete to be attracted to the cathode (iron), and oxygen and chloride ions (the cause of the corrosion) to be attracted to the anode (zinc). The naturally existing electrical flow inherent in this chemical reaction is then enhanced by installing an electric current throughout the bridge.
The following is an example of the process, or steps, involved in applying a Cathodic Protection System:
1. Repair the reinforcing steel and deteriorated concrete, including the architectural detailing such as bush - hammered inset panels, curved brackets, dental bands and column capitals.
2. Establish electrical continuity of the reinforcing steel throughout the entire structure. Weld pieces of steel rebar together if necessary.
3. Arc - spray a zinc coating on the concrete surface, which acts as an external anode.
4. Establish a negative electrical connection to the steel by wrapping copper wire around reinforcing steel and installing a PVC junction box over the exposed area.
5. Establish positive electric current sites by installing brass plates where t he electric current will be distributed to the zinc anode.
Illustration of the ion flow between elements in a Cathodic Protection System. Source: John B. Vrable, National Cooperative Highway Research Program Report 180: Cathodic Protection For Reinforced Concrete Bridge Decks, Laboratory Phase (Washington DC: Transportation Research Board, 1977).
When the entire system is in place, the electric current causes ions to flow from the anodic material zinc (the arc - spray coating) to the cathodic target iron (the steel rebar embedded in concrete). The concrete acts as a medium for the ions to flow from one source to the other, eventually sacrificing the anodic material.


Predefined Entities
Predefined Entities / Traits in FamixNG
To analyze a system in a given programming language, Moose must have a meta-model for that language. For example, for Java the meta-model defines that Java programs have classes, containing methods, invoking other methods, etc. The meta-model describes the entities that compose a program in the given language and how they are related.
On another page, we explain how to define a meta-model: create new entities, define relationships, properties, etc. On this page, we present the library of predefined entities that is part of FamixNG and helps declaring new entities by offering typical properties / relationships that are needed.
In FamixNG, recurrent properties are modeled into traits. New entities are created as classes composed from these existing traits. Some common entities (like Packages) are also proposed, precomposed with common traits. Here we list all currently available traits.
FamixNG is still under development, and the library of available traits is subject to change. The following should nevertheless help users make sense of the more than one hundred traits available.
Categories of traits
First, one can divide the set of traits into four categories:
They are described as follows:
Association Traits
Association traits model the fact that an entity is used (referred to) in the source code. Such a reference creates an association between the using entity (refers to) and the entity that is used (is referred to). This includes the four associations of the old Famix: Inheritance, Invocation (of a function or a method), Access (to a variable), and Reference (to a type).
Associations should be thought of as n-to-m relationships between entities. For that reason, they are reified into their own traits. Associations define two roles (from and to) to identify both ends of the association. Using an association involves:
 - defining a class representing the association (for example, Access, using the trait FamixTAccess)
 - defining two classes at each end of the association (for example, Function using the trait FamixTWithAccess, and Variable using the trait FamixTAccessible).
There are five full-fledged associations in FamixNG:
 - FamixTAccess, from: FamixTWithAccess, to: FamixTAccessible
 PlantUML Image
 - FamixTInheritance, from: FamixTWithInheritance, to: FamixTWithInheritance
 PlantUML Image
 - FamixTInvocation, from: FamixTWithInvocation, to: FamixTInvocable, for OO programs, there is an extra receiver: FamixTInvocationReceiver
 PlantUML Image
 - FamixTReference, from: FamixTWithReferences, to: FamixTReferenceable
 PlantUML Image
 - FamixTTraitUsage, from: FamixTWithTrait, to: FamixTTrait
 PlantUML Image
To these five we added two more specialized "associations": DereferencedInvocation (call of a pointer to a function in C) and FileInclude (also in C). These do not reify the association as a separate entity, but they might do so in the future. For now there are only two traits to put at each end of the relationship:
 - FamixTDereferencedInvocation and FamixTWithDereferencedInvocations
 PlantUML Image
 - FamixTFileInclude and FamixTWithFileInclude
 PlantUML Image
Technical Traits
Technical traits do not model programming language entities but are used to implement Moose functionalities.
Currently, this includes several types of FamixTSourceAnchors that allow recovering the source code of the entities. A typical FamixTSourceAnchor contains a filename, and start and end positions in this file.
PlantUML Image
Technical traits may also implement software engineering metric computation (TLCOMMetrics), or ways to model the programming language used (all SourceLanguage), or be used to implement the generic MooseQuery engine.
PlantUML Image
Property Traits
Property traits model composable properties that source code entities may possess. Some examples are FamixTNamedEntity (entities that have a name), FamixTTypedEntity (entities that are statically typed), or a number of entities modeling ownership: FamixTWithGlobalVariables (entities that can own FamixTGlobalVariables), FamixTWithFunctions (entities that can own FamixTFunctions), …
There are 46 property traits currently in FamixNG including 38 traits modeling ownership of various possible kinds of entities (FamixTWith...).
Terminal Traits
Terminal traits model entities that can be found in the source code such as Functions, Classes, Exceptions, … These entities are often defined as a composition of some of the property traits. For example, FamixTClass is composed of: FamixTInvocationsReceiver (class can be receiver of static messages), FamixTPackageable, FamixTType (classes can be used to type other entities), FamixTWithAttributes, FamixTWithComments, FamixTWithInheritances, FamixTWithMethods.
The name terminal trait refers to the fact that they can be used directly to create a programming language concept (a class, a package), whereas property traits are typically composed with other traits to make a meaningful programming language concept.
There are 38 such terminal traits currently in FamixNG.


text:
||This article needs additional citations for verification. (November 2007)|
An enlisted rank (also known as an enlisted grade or enlisted rate) is, in most militaries, any rank below that of a commissioned officer or warrant officer. The term can also be inclusive of non-commissioned officers. In most cases, enlisted service personnel perform jobs specific to their own occupational specialty, as opposed to the more generalized command responsibilities of commissioned officers.
British Armed Forces
In the British Armed Forces and the armed force of other Commonwealth countries (except Canada), the equivalent term in respect of armies and air forces is Other Rank (or OR for short), while navies use the term rating.
Canadian Forces
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
United States Armed Forces
In the United States Air Force, this job specialty is known as an Air Force Specialty Code, in the United States Army and United States Marine Corps, a Military Occupational Specialty, and in the United States Navy and United States Coast Guard, a naval rating.
See also
|This article on a military rank or appointment is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.|


Abang Island near Batam
viewer: 46583 | love: 0
Beautiful underwater gardens featuring fascinating coral reefs decorated with various shapes, sizes, and colors of many sea creatures, that is the view that awaits snorkelers and divers under the crystal clear waters of Abang Island, south of Batam in the province of the Riau Archipelago.
Abang Island is surrounded by many other small islands, most of which are conservation areas for coral reefs, while the main island of Abang only measures around 10 square kilometers. With relatively shallow waters –around 15 to 18 meters deepthis fascinating underwater wonder is a perfect spot for both diving and snorkeling. Its beauty is often compared to that of the waters around Komodo Island National Park, Bunaken, and Raja Ampat, since COREMAP (Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management Programs) itself has also designated the area as site for a special underwater coral reef observation center
Above the surface, the landscape of Abang Island is still pristine with hills dominated by granite rocks. Most of the shores are still decorated with beautiful mangrove forests.
The most fascinating feature of the waters of Abang Island is the existence of a rare species of coral known as Blue Coral which only lives in clear waters with excellent water quality. Among some of the fish species that find shelter under its calm waves are Selar, Lencing, Red Snapper, Red Sand Fish, Blow Fish, Pinang, and many others.
Abang Island is inhabited by approximately 400 people in 100 families. Combined with its neighbouring islands, the total number of inhabitants can reach 1.200 persons in 300 households. The settlements at the western part of the island are denser compared to the north. Most of their houses are located around the beach and constructed following the coastline. Over the years, the people of Abang Island have constantly been taught awareness of the importance to preserve the coral reefs both as tourism assets as well as their significance for the global environment. In turn, they can also benefit from tourism activities next to their daily activity as fishermen or traders. This has ultimately led to the well maintained beauty of Abang Island.
To Eat, To Stay, To Do
Some of the houses in the fishing villages on Abang Island are available as your accommodation options. Prices vary, mostly depending on your bargaining skills. Staying on the island will surely make a complete experience, but if convenience and modern facilities are features you seek, then it is better to find hotels or inns on Batam. For a list of hotels in Batam you can refer to our find a hotel in Batam.
Photo Gallery
For the perfect diving experience, the best time to come to Abang Island is from March to August, and from September to November. In these months, the currents are known to be the calmest.
Getting There and Around
Get There
Abang Island is located south from Batam or about 50 Km from Muka-Kuning, Batam Island. To reach the island, it takes approximately 1.5 hours drive from Batam to the Barelang Bridge. From there, the journey continues by boat along the River Burdus until you reach Abang Island which is about 12 Km away using motorized boats, which the locals call Bot Pompong.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Does it make sense to use "Learn More" as a button to expand more contents?
See example: _URL_
Some of my colleagues argue that after you've expanded, the Learn More button no longer makes sense.
share|improve this question
Button looks more prominent in a heavy-graphic envinronment. So the chances of been noticed and clicked are increased. – Alexey Kolchenko Mar 18 '14 at 21:33
5 Answers 5
I think ideally what you'd want to do in this particular case is have the text of the button change after the user initially clicks it to something like "collapse." You can probably find a more artful label than collapse in this instance but the learn more label is no longer helpful to users after it has been clicked.
Hope this helps.
share|improve this answer
The example is (Starbucks) isn't all that great:

It's neither a link nor a button, but a div. And a div sans any real content. So completely in accessible. Seems pretty sloppy of Starbucks (as they tend to be pretty good with their online properties).
That said, from a user-interaction standpoint, links that look like links are typically links--meaning they navigate you to another page. Buttons that look like buttons tend to be a variety of things. Sometimes you're submitting data, sometimes you're linking to a site, sometimes it's triggering a modal, etc.
In this particular example, I think the visual should better reflect what it does...some sort of toggle for an open/close panel interaction. Perhaps a triangle (pointed right for close, down for open) or a karet or perhaps +/- sign, etc.
In terms of the text, you're right 'lean more' doesn't make a whole lot of sense once it's open, but once it opens, the user understands that it's a toggle, so it's still intuitive in terms of interaction design. Personally, I'd choose "More Information" or what have you.
share|improve this answer
It should be a (even if it doesn't look like one) for accessibility reasons.
As _USER_-usability-people stated in their answer, links should only be used for navigation purposes. Revealing and hiding content is not considered navigation. So, unless you would be navigating somewhere, an anchor link () would not be correct.
share|improve this answer
Buttons are for actions
Links are for navigation
Answer: it depends on where the CTA points to
share|improve this answer
I say that in this case, I think it makes more sense as a link.
 1. When you click it, more aside-style info is revealed - no real actions on data are applied. It's more of just a navigational feature.
 2. I don't think the Learn More is the main CTA of the page. To me the CTA is to click on one of those bags of coffee and make the purchase.
 3. With #2 in mind above, I don't think the button deserves as much visual weight as it has in the context of the content it shows on Starbucks' page.
Downside: IMO, I'm not sure that I would even notice the "Learn More" if it was a link (as opposed to a button). That background image it's place upon is a bit distracting.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


Jump to navigation Jump to search
File:Compass in a wooden frame.jpg
Compass in a wooden box
A compass (or mariner's compass) is a navigational instrument for finding directions on the earth. It consists of a magnetized pointer free to align itself accurately with Earth's magnetic field, which is of great assistance in navigation. The cardinal points are north, south, east and west. A compass can be used in conjunction with a chronometer and a sextant to provide a very accurate navigation capability. This device greatly improved maritime trade by making travel safer and more efficient. An early form of compass was invented in China in the 11th century. The familiar mariner's compass was invented in Europe around 1300.
More technically, a compass is a magnetic device using a needle to indicate the direction of the magnetic north of a planet's magnetosphere. Any instrument with a magnetized bar or needle turning freely upon a pivot and pointing in a northerly and southerly direction can be considered a compass. A compass dial is a small pocket compass with a sundial. A variation compass is a specific instrument of a delicate type of construction. It is used by observing variations of the needle. A gyrocompass or astrocompass can also be used to ascertain True north.
History of the navigational compass
Prior to the introduction of the compass, direction at sea was primarily determined by the position of celestial bodies. Navigation was supplemented in some places by the use of soundings. Difficulties arose where the sea was too deep for soundings and conditions were continually overcast or foggy. Thus the compass was not of the same utility everywhere. For example, the Arabs could generally rely on clear skies in navigating the Persian Gulf and the Indian Ocean (as well as the predictable nature of the monsoons). This may explain in part their relatively late adoption of the compass. Mariners in the relatively shallow Baltic made extensive use of soundings.
Developments in China
Due to the place of its first appearance, most scholars credit at present the invention of the compass to China. Since there has been frequently confusion as to when a compass was introduced for the first time, it may be appropriate to list the important events leading up to its invention in chronological order:
 - The first mention of the magnetic attraction of a needle is to be found in a Chinese work composed between 20 and 100 AD (Louen-heng): "A lodestone attracts a needle."[2] In 1948, the scholar Wang Tchen-touo tentatively constructed a 'compass' in the form of south-indicating spoon on the basis of this text. However, it should be noted that "there is no explicit mention of a magnet in the Louen-heng" and that "beforehand it needs to assume some hypotheses to arrive at such a conclusion".[3]
 - The earliest reference to a magnetic device as a direction finder is recorded in a Song dynasty book dated to 1040-44. Here we find a description of an iron "south-pointing fish" floating in a bowl of water, aligning itself to the south. The device is recommended as a means of orientation "in the obscurity of the night." There is, however, no mention of a use for navigation, nor how the fish was magnetized.[4]
 - The first incontestable reference to a magnetized needle in Chinese literature appears as late as 1086.[5] The Dream Pool Essay written by Song Dynasty scholar Shen Kua contained a detailed description of how geomancers magnetized a needle by rubbing its tip with lodestone, and hung the magnetic needle with one single strain of silk with a bit of wax attached to the center of the needle. Shen Kua pointed out that a needle prepared this way sometimes pointed south, sometimes north.
 - The earliest recorded actual use of a magnetized needle for navigational purposes then is to be found in Zhu Yu's book Pingzhou Table Talks (Pingzhou Ke Tan) of AD 1117: The navigator knows the geography, he watches the stars at night, watches the sun at day; when it is dark and cloudy, he watches the compass.
 - A pilot's compass handbook titled Shun Feng Xiang Song (Fair Winds for Escort) in the Oxford Bodleian Library contains great details about the use of compass in navigation.
Question of Diffusion
Navigational mariner's compass
There is much debate on what happened to the compass after its first appearance with the Chinese. Different theories include:
 - Travel of the compass from China to the Middle East via the Silk Road, and then to Europe
 - Direct transfer of the compass from China to Europe, and then later from Europe to the Middle East
 - Independent creation of the compass in the Europe and then its transfer thereafter to the Middle East.
The latter two are supported by evidence of the earlier mentioning of the compass in European works rather than Arabic. The first European mention of a magnetized needle and its use among sailors occurs in Alexander Neckam's De naturis rerum (On the Natures of Things), probably written in Paris in 1190.[6] Other evidence for this includes the Arabic word for "Compass" (al-konbas), possibly being a derivation of the old Italian word for compass.
In the Arab world, the earliest reference comes in The Book of the Merchants' Treasure, written by one Baylak al-Kibjaki in Cairo about 1282.[7] Since the author describes having witnessed the use of a compass on a ship trip some forty years earlier, some scholars are inclined to antedate its first appearance accordingly. There is also a slightly earlier non-Mediterranean Muslim reference to an iron fish-like compass in a Persian talebook from 1232.[8]
Question of independent European invention
Pivoting compass needle in a 14th century copy of 'Epistola de magnete' of Peter Peregrinus (1269)
There have been various arguments put forward whether the European compass was an independent invention or not:
Arguments pro independent invention:
 - The navigational needle in Europe points invariably north, whereas always south in China.
 - The European compass showed from the beginning sixteen basic divisions, not twenty-four as in China.
 - The apparent failure of the Arabs to function as possible intermediaries between East and West due to the earlier recorded appearance of the compass in Europe (1190) than in the Muslim world (1232, 1242, or 1282).
Arguments contra independent invention:
 - The temporal priority of the Chinese navigational compass (1117) as opposed to the European (1190).
Impact in the Mediterranean
In the Mediterranean the practice from ancient times had been to curtail sea travel between October and April, due in part to the lack of dependable clear skies during the Mediterranean winter (and much of the sea is too deep for soundings). With improvements in dead reckoning methods, and the development of better charts, this changed during the second half of the 13th century. By around 1290 the sailing season could start in late January or February, and end in December. The additional few months were of considerable economic importance; it enabled Venetian convoys, for instance, to make two round trips a year to the eastern Mediterranean, instead of one.
Around the time Europeans learned of the compass, traffic between the Mediterranean and northern Europe increased, and one factor may be that the compass made traversal of the Bay of Biscay safer and easier.
Modern liquid-filled compass
In 1936 Tuomas Vohlonen invented the first successful portable liquid-filled compass designed for individual use.[9]
Construction of a simple compass
A magnetic rod is required when constructing a compass. This can be created by aligning an iron or steel rod with Earth's magnetic field and then tempering or striking it. However, this method produces only a weak magnet so other methods are preferred. This magnetised rod (or magnetic needle) is then placed on a low friction surface to allow it to freely pivot to align itself with the magnetic field. It is then labeled so the user can distinguish the north-pointing from the south-pointing end; in modern convention the north end is typically marked in some way, often by being painted red.
Flavio Gioja (fl. 1302), an Italian marine pilot, is sometimes credited with perfecting the sailor's compass by suspending its needle over a fleur-de-lis design, which pointed north. He also enclosed the needle in a little box with a glass cover.
Modern navigational compasses
Liquid filled lensatic compass
Modern hand-held navigational compasses use a magnetized needle or dial inside a fluid-filled (oil, kerosene, or alcohol is common) capsule; the fluid causes the needle to stop quickly rather than oscillate back and forth around magnetic north. Most modern recreational and military compasses integrate a protractor with the compass, using a separate magnetized needle. In this design the rotating capsule containing the magnetized needle is fitted with orienting lines and an outlined orienting arrow, then mounted in a transparent baseplate containing a direction-of-travel (DOT) indicator for use in taking bearings directly from a map. Other features found on some modern handheld compasses are map and romer scales for measuring distances and plotting positions on maps, luminous markings or bezels for use at night or poor light, various sighting mechanisms (mirror, prism, etc.) for taking bearings of distant objects with greater precision, 'global' needles for use in differing hemispheres, adjustable declination for obtaining instant true bearings without resort to arithmetic, and devices such as inclinometers for measuring gradients.
The military forces of a few nations, notably the United States Army


text:
Rocky Mountain Academy of Music exists to promote and encourage music in all its forms. We aim to make learning music fun and exciting. Our instructors are guided by three primary goals:
1. Make sure each student has fun
It is our mission to ensure that each student has fun and forms positive associations with music. This helps encourage long term interest, driving them to reach for their goals
2. Teach music fundamentals
Having a good understanding about the music fundamentals will ensure that musical training will transfer to different styles of music, and allow skills that build on each other as students develop and adapt as their goals, interests, or instruments change.
3. Help students learn the music that they want to learn
Allowing the students to choose their own paths helps to encourage long term goals, discipline, and commitment. Music can be a lifelong passion and Rocky Mountain Academy of Music seeks to encourage our students to learn, explore, appreciate, and find what notes strike a chord within them.
Music Lessons and instructors for all instruments. Teachers for piano, keyboard, voice, drums, drum set, drum kit, percussion, marching band drum line, guitar, electric guitar, acoustic guitar, bass, bass guitar, upright bass, double bass, violin, viola, cello, trumpet, trombone, baritone, tuba, clarinet, flute, saxophone, singing, mandolin, ukulele, music production, studio techniques, music engineering, theory/composition, jazz ensemble, rock band, improvisation, and much more!


text:
- Browsing Through Your Library
- Searching for Songs
- Sorting Songs
- Playing and Pausing Songs
- Moving Around in a Song
- Options for Playing Multiple Songs
- Accessing and Playing Podcasts
- Controlling Volume
- Listening to Radio Streams
- Viewing Artwork
- Accessing and Playing Video
- Rating Songs
- Sharing Your Music
- Playing Music from Others' Libraries
- Dealing with Firewalls
If browsing or searching yields many songs (or if you're viewing your entire library), it helps to be able to sort the songs that appear in the song list. You may also want to sort your songs in a particular way, since the order they appear in the song list is the order in which they'll play.
To sort by a particular column:
- Click the column name (
). The column head becomes highlighted, so you can tell that it's the column by which the entire list is sorted. If the triangle on the right side of the column name points up, everything is sorted in alphabetical or numeric order.
Figure 3.6 Click any column head to sort by that column. Songs are sorted in alphabetical order, since this triangle points up. Click the triangle to reverse alphabetical order.
To reverse the order of the sort:


text:
In green are the species and their ancestors which are in the orthogroup Prx049.
In gray are the species and their ancestors which are not the orthogroup.
The leftmost node is the common taxon between all of the species in the group.
Click on a taxon to see the following taxons, if there are any.
By placing the mouse over a node a tooltip will appear.
This tootip contains the taxonomic path from "Cellular organisms" to the node and,
in the case of a species, the number of peroxidases in the orthogroup,
the total number of peroxidases for that species in the orthogroup's class
and where possible the names of those peroxidases.
The common ancestor for the orthogroup is written in bold in the tooltip.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I have 2 layers, one representing streets, and one representing pipes. The pipe layer has a street field that I want it to be automatically filled (I want the pipe to show the street that it's on) I tried performing a spatial join based on 'closest' but I encountered the following problem: many pipes never intersect the center of the streets they're on (they are usually paralel), and, at the spatial join, those respective pipes don't get the needed data from the street they go along but from the ones that are perpendicular (cause they intersect the pipes, so they have one point that is closest). I would like some advice. Thanks a lot.
share|improve this question
add comment
2 Answers
Tudor I've face a similar problem and created a programatic tool that would:
 1. Shorten my street centerline. Here I would take it from.4 to.6 for example (in this case I would consider only the dashes)
 After shortening
 2. I would buffer it for a small ammout, let's say 10% of the original street lenght. Imagine that you are buffering only the dashes in the schematic "drawing above".
 3. Try to intersect it with pipes.
You can repeat 2 and three until you've found a certain number of pipes. The idea for shortening the center line is to eliminate the cases where you other perpendicular lines that you do not want.
Check a less ugly scheme:
enter image description here
Another approach is to just buffer, intersect and compare the angles. You can safely set a threshold of what "parallel" is. You will never have straight and parallel lines in this cases (some will be parallel, but that depends on digitizing). You take only the pipes that have similar angles to your centerline.
share|improve this answer
Thanks for the answer, I hoped for a different answer, I will try to do something alike. – tudorbarascu Jul 25 '11 at 4:14
I'll see if I can find some code to help you. This method improves confidence of the results, it's not the most pratical, but it works great on regular grids. The more irregular the street network the less confidence you can have with it. – George Jul 25 '11 at 14:29
add comment
Have you tried using the Near geoprocessing tool?
share|improve this answer
add comment
Your Answer


text:
Connected Substitutes and Invertibility of Demand
We consider the invertibility of a nonparametric nonseparable demand system. Invertibility of demand is important in several contexts, including identification of demand, estimation of demand, testing of revealed preference, and economic theory requiring uniqueness of market clearing prices. We introduce the notion of "connected substitutes" and show that this structure is sufficient for invertibility. The connected substitutes conditions require weak substitution between all goods and sufficient strict substitution to necessitate treating them in a single demand system. These conditions are satisfied in many standard models, have transparent economic interpretation, and allow us to show invertibility without functional form restrictions, smoothness assumptions, or strong domain restrictions.
Document Object Identifier (DOI): 10.3386/w17193
Published: Steven Berry, Amit Gandhi and Philip Haile (2013), \Connected Substitutes and Invertibility of Demand," Econometrica v. 81(5) (September), pp. 2087-2111 (also Cowles Foundation Discussion Paper # 1806R.) citation courtesy of
Users who downloaded this paper also downloaded* these:


This document is part of your ASTM Compass® subscription.
 Determining the Transport Through Geomembranes of Various Permeants in Different Applications
 Published: Jan 1990
 Format Pages Price
 PDF () 20 $25 ADD TO CART
 Complete Source PDF (7.1M) 20 $55 ADD TO CART
 The widely different uses of geomembranes as barriers to the transport and migration of different gases, vapors, and liquids under different service conditions require a determination of permeability by test methods appropriate to the service. Geomembranes are nonporous and homogeneous materials that permeate gases, vapors, and liquids on a molecular scale by dissolution in the geomembrane and diffusion through the geomembrane. The rate of transmission of a given species, whether as a single permeant or in mixtures, is driven by its chemical potential or concentration gradient. Various methods to assess the permeability of geomembranes to single component permeants, such as individual gases, vapors, and liquids are described and data are presented. In addition, various test methods for the measurement of permeation and transmission through geomembranes of individual species in complex mixtures such as waste liquids are described and data are presented.
 Permeability, gas transmission, water vapor transmission, transport of chemical species, polymeric geomembranes, organic vapor transmission, diffusion of gases and vapors, transport of ions, reservoirs, waste disposal, leachate, barriers, flexible membrane liners (FMLs)
 Author Information:
 Haxo, HE
 President, Matrecon, Inc., Alameda, CA
 Committee/Subcommittee: D35.10
 DOI: 10.1520/STP19024S
 CrossRef ASTM International is a member of CrossRef.


text:
Bacopa is an herb which has been used medicinally for thousands of years. Recent studies have shown it to possess a wide variety of nootropic properties.
What Is Bacopa?
Bacopa is a perennial herb that is commonly found in wetlands and muddy shores throughout India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, China, Taiwan, Vietnam, and some southern states in the USA. This plant has been commonly used in India for Ayurvedic medicine for thousands of years. According to Western medicine, Ayurvedic medicine is an alternative form a medicine used to complement, rather than replace, the treatment regimen existing between a patient and their physician. Since Bacopa's early uses in Ayurveda countless studies have been performed which have revealed Bacopa to have many nootropic cognitive enhancing abilities.
Bacopa Dosage Information
Dosages tend to vary for Bacopa. Generally, people take between 100-300 mg once or twice daily. It is recommended that someone use the lowest dosage that works for them. You should start around 100mg twice daily and if you feel no side effects and want more of an effect then up your dosage as necessary. For children, the recommended dosage is no more then 100-200 mg per day in divided doses.
How Does Bacopa Work?
Though scientists are not completely clear on the exact mechanism of Bacopa they have made some determinations. Bacopa increases the amount of the neurotransmitter serotonin in the brain. Low serotonin levels are linked to depression giving Bacopa anti-anxiety and mood boosting effects. Bacopa also stockpiles two P450 enzymes, EROD and PROD. There two enzymes are used when our brain encounters stressful situation meaning Bacopa lowers our susceptibility to stress. Bacopa's wide array of cognitive enhancement capabilities are believed to stem from its ability to enhance neuronal synthesis and restore synaptic activity.
Safety and Side Effects of Bacopa
Bacopa is known to be extremely safe. There have been no published studies revealing any sort of significant side effects that result from consuming Bacopa. Some anecdotal side effects include dry mouth, nausea, drowsiness, and muscle fatigue. One study found that the effects of chlorpromazine, a drug in the same family as perphenazine, were enhanced when a bacopa extract was taken along with it. Until more is known it is recommended that those taking any drug in the phenothiazine family not take bacopa.
Below are some of the most commonly asked questions about Bacopa. If you have a question that's not on this list, send it to us at _EMAIL_ and we will answer it for you.
Another study conducted in 2002 at the University of Wollongong, Australia, examined the effects of Bacopa monniera on the human memory. Seventy-six adults aged between 40 and 65 took part in a double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled study. Testing was conducted prior to the trial, three months into the trial, and six weeks after the completion of the trial. The results showed a significant effect of Bacopa on retention of new information three months into the trial. The results returned to normal six weeks after the trial had ended.
1. Ganguly DK, Malhotra CL. Some behavioral effects of an active fraction from Herpestis monniera Linn. (Brahmi). Indian J Med Res 1967;55:473–82
2. Rajani, M., et al. "Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell) – A Medhya Rasaayana Drug of Ayurveda" in Ramawat, K. G., Ed. (2004). Biotechnology of Medicinal Plants: Vitalizer and Therapeutic Enfield, New Hampshire: Science Publishers, Inc.
3. Ghosal. S, Bhattacharya SK (1980). "Anxiolytic activity of a standardized extract of Bacopa monniera in an experimental study". Phytomedicine 5: 133–148.
4. Morgan A, Stevens J"Does Bacopa monnieri improve memory performance in older persons? Results of a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial." J Altern Complement Med. 2010 Jul;16(7):753-9 Authors:
5. C. Stough, J. Lloyd, J. Clarke, L. Downey, C. Hutchison, T. Rodgers, P. Nathan (2001). "The chronic effects of an extract of Bacopa monniera (Brahmi) on cognitive function in healthy human subjects". Psychopharmacology (Berl) 156 (4): 481–4. doi:10.1007/s002130100815. PMID _PHONE_.
6. S. Roodenrys, D. Booth, S. Bulzomi, A. Phipps, C. Micallef, J. Smoker (2002). "Chronic effects of Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri) on human memory". Neuropsychopharmacology (Wollongong) 27 (2): 279. doi:10.1016/S0893-133X(01)00419-5. PMID _PHONE_.
7. Stough C, Downey LA, Lloyd J et al. (2008). "Examining the nootropic effects of a special extract of Bacopa Monniera on human cognitive functioning: 90 day double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial." Phytother Res. 22:_PHONE_.
8. Morgan A, Stevens J "Does Bacopa monnieri improve memory performance in older persons? Results of a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial" Journal of Alternative & Complementary Medicine – New York 2010 Jul;16(7):753-9


text:
"Chariots and Other Wheeled Vehicles in Italy before the Roman Empire" presents evidence for transport by wheeled vehicle in Italy before the Roman Imperial period, the beginning of which is often thought to be marked by Augustuss conquest of Egypt in 30 BC. The study begins with a glossary of technical terms and with evidence for roads and the animals that were used in draught. The major part is concerned with the vehicles themselves - two-wheeled chariots and carts and four-wheeled wagons - their construction, the ways in which their draught animals were harnessed and controlled, and the uses to which the equipages were put. A wide range of evidence is drawn upon including figured documents such as architectural terracottas, stone reliefs, vaseand wall paintings; bronze and terracotta models and the remains of actual vehicles, in a few cases accompanied by their harness teams recovered from tombs, primarily from central and northern Italy of the eighth and seventh centuries BC onwards. The concluding chapter looks at the history of wheeled vehicles in Italy before the Roman Imperial period. It traces local, Italic characteristics and possible foreign influences, and assesses the relative economic and social importance of the different kinds of wheeled vehicles and of other means of land transport - by pack and riding animals. In appendices the vehicles depicted in so-called Situla Art and the 'Celtic chariot' are discussed. Lavishly illustrated with over 170 plates and figures, this book is important for the history of transport, technology and draught.
Audience: Tertiary; University or College
Number Of Pages: 248
Published: 30th June 2012
Dimensions (cm): 28.8 x 22.2 x 2.2
Weight (kg): 1.315


CMC-Canada Communities
We are very excited to provide CMC-canada members access to a number of community groups within the newly launched member hub
We encourage you to peruse the available Groups and select the ones that interest you the most.
Please follow these simple steps to start engaging with your fellow members:
 1. Click on the link(s) below
 2. You will be prompted to login
 3. Now select the "Join Group" in the upper right of the page
 4. Click on "Forum" to see the latest conversations and start engaging!
Industry comes from the Latin industria, which means "diligence, hard work,".
A group of productive enterprises or organizations that produce or supply goods, services, or sources of income are included here,
for example agriculture, energy, government, and manufacturing.
Functional - used to contribute to the development or maintenance of a larger whole
Communities and groups based on standard organizational functions are included here, including for example
finance, operations, supply chain, human resources, and information technology.
special interest
Special Interest - a shared interest in advancing a specific area of knowledge, learning or technology where members cooperate to affect or produce solutions, and to contribute to the development or maintenance of a larger whole
Are you a member interested in leading one of our online communities? Please contact:


text:
A father (m = 94 kg) and son (m = 48 kg) are standing facing each other on a frozen pond. The son pushes on the father and finds himself moving backward at 3 m/s after they have separated. How fast will the father be moving?
Which equation is used to solve this? Can you set up the problem for me?


text:
You can use context menus to apply some quick formatting to your Microsoft Word document without the need to resort to the Home tab. The commands on context menus are mostly from the 'Font' and 'Paragraph' groups under the 'Home' tab on the ribbon.
1. To apply the commands on context menus, first, select the section on your document which you want to format. The Mini Toolbar will appear semi-transparently to the right of the selection.
2. Next, right-click the selected area or any place on your document – the context menu appears together with the Mini Toolbar. See the Diagram below.
3. Then, left-click on any command you want to use on the context menu and Microsoft Word will perform the task you chose.
Go to Lesson 7: How to Launch a Dialogue Box


image description
The tuff caves and the gardens
The tuff caves and "the pirriatura" (the stone cutters)
For the past ten years in the centre of Favignana, an extraordinary stone, improperly called tuff, had been extracted from the cave. It is calcarenite, a porous white concentrated calcium stone, used in particular for building constructions. This stone as well as the production of "cantuna", tuff bricks shaped as parallelepiped, had represented a most ancient activity of the Island. This activity was so intensive that the morphologic aspect of the Island had been modified. It took the shape of an incredible monument, a sort of artistic sculpture that was seen more like a real cathedral than a cave. Also this area had been molded by stone cutters, called pirriatori, who gave life and shape to the tuff stone.
This craftsmanship was hard manual work done with simple artisan tools, but in 1949 the first electric machine began to cut tuff stone. This activity was and still is passed down from generation to generation. With the passing of time the cave of Favignana started to feel the crisis due to the changes in the tuff market. The particular location of this cave made it difficult and expensive to extract the tuff so Favignana became less competitive. Consequently, as time went by lots of the caves ceased their activity.
The Ipogei Gardens
The tuff caves not in use anymore were transformed by the islanders into fruit, vegetables and flowers gardens. Thanks to the tall tuff walls which protect plants from the wind, and the pure light of the sun, the islanders have been able to create ideal habitats for the natural green houses, which allow a hot climate in winter and fresh climate in summer. These caves, called "Giardini Ipogei", can be seen along the roads, in which thriving plants and trees like fig, almond, pear, orange and prickly pear grow, with colour and perfumes characterizing this generous land.
The tuff artists
We could say the creator of this form of craftsmanship was surely Rosario Santamaria, known as "U Zu Sarino". He was very acquainted with the tuff stone. His art gallery was in the port of Favignana where the islanders and tourists stopped to watch him while he sculptured head portraits from tuff stone. He died in 1992 but he has left his art in heritage to the local artist.


End of Unit Assessment: Presentation of Position
What is the difference between formal and informal language? Pupils rewrite their position speeches to adapt them for an audience of adults. Next, they present their speeches in small groups, attempting to answer the question, "Which food chain would best feed everyone in the United States? "
2 Collections 3 Views 1 Download
CCSS: Designed
Instructional Ideas
 - Review the four food chains from Michael Pollan's The Omnivore's Dilemma
 - Find several examples of formal language for students to use as a guide for their speeches
Classroom Considerations
 - Serves as the final lesson from the consecutive 17-part Grade 8 ELA Module 4, Unit 2 series
 - Provides strategies for differentiation
 - Includes a position speech rubric for teacher reference
 - None
Common Core