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Individual differences |
Methods | Statistics | Clinical | Educational | Industrial | Professional items | World psychology |
online therapy generally refers to the provision of professional mental health services concerns via internet communication technology. Also known as e-therapy, etherapy, e-counseling, online counseling, or online coaching, services are typically offered via email, real-time chat, and video conferencing. Some clients use online counseling in conjunction with traditional psychotherapy, and others use it as an occasional check-in tool for their lives.
Clients typically seek out online counseling services for the same reasons that people seek professional help through traditional channels; however, online counseling may be especially appealing for individuals who are unable or unwilling to see a mental health professional in person. For example, it is a potential resource for clients who are home-bound (such as the elderly or infirm) or who reside in rural areas far from a therapist's office. Online counselors also assist those with a fear of exposing their feelings. For example, a person with grief and loss issues, may be fearful of crying in front of another person. Online counseling can also be an option for individuals who suffer from a rare or unique problem and wish to work with a hard-to-find expert in a relevent field.
Convenience is the most-often cited reason why people use online counseling services. It can be convenient for clients and counselors alike, and participants may engage in the counseling process from the comfort of their homes or offices, at times that are most convenient for them. Schedules are often tight. Online therapy allows client to send an email at 3am or schedule a phone conference at 8am. This is very helpful to many clients.
The sense of anonymity provided by internet assisted counseling is another oft-cited benefit. Many people are uncomfortable talking about their personal problems while in the physical presence of another, and may be more likely to disclose when they cannot be seen. This effect is called disinhibition. While online counseling may suggest anonymity, potential clients should understand the differences between anonymity, privacy and confidentiality. See below for cautions regarding privacy and confidentiality.
Online counseling through asynchronous avenues (email) can be less expensive than traditional in-person sessions and allows both client and therapist to take their time in fashioning a response. Online chat sessions may also be priced lower than face-to-face (F2F) work because net-based counselors may not have the overhead costs needed to maintain an office; however, insurance companies rarely cover online counseling sessions. Clients opting for online counseling often must pay the entire cost of therapy.
A major challenge for online counseling and because there are verbal cues (or verbal behavior), signs and signals given by a client to a therapist that are missed in online counseling. Many online counselors offer the option of phone counseling or video conferencing during the chat. This enables both parties to pick up on some of the missed cues.
Some argue that online counseling may, for some individuals, feed into their tendency to avoid "in office" interactions when what would benefit them most would be to be in the actual physical presence of a healing professional. In some instances this "distanced" interaction can be coupled with the presence of a professional who wishes (for whatever reason) to maintain a distance from the intimacy of "in office" interactions. When both of the above situations exist, it is unlikely to result in an effective therapeutic outcome.
Other major challenges are in the areas of professionalism and internet security. Many people can hang a virtual shingle and offer to do online counseling. Potential clients seeking online counseling should look carefully at the web site offering such services. Look to see that counselor credentials are verified and that counselors carry malpractice insurance.
Counselors and web sites offering counseling should ensure that data is maintained on a secure server and that the highest level of encryption is used to prevent interception of information through computer hacking. Clients also must take due care to password protect their own computer hardware, wireless internet access points and site ID and/or password to further protect themselves against identity theft and interception of private information.
See also Edit
- Computer applications
- Computer assisted therapy
- Health care seeking behavior
- List of counseling topics
- Telecommunications media
- Kraus, R., Zack, J. & Stricker, G. (2004), Online Counseling: A Handbook for Mental Health Professionals, San Diego, California: Elsevier Academic Press
- list of research references related to online counseling
- [_URL_ Cautions via California Board of Psychology}


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So, you went to space and left the door open?
As discussed in my last post, this table is a "missing sidebar" describing what happens to things on spaceships after they are exposed to a hard vacuum. This was fun to research and I definitely found some surprising things.
Note that even though this is for a futuristic campaign (the Deeps of Lyrae setting) obviously I was not able to research the effects of vacuum on futuristic technology (e.g., that found in GURPS Ultra Tech). But I think you can extrapolate from here. Some discussion of the plausibility of all this is in my last post.
This table was written for the Deeps of Lyrae setting. That's TL 11^ and has artificial gravity and routine space travel (as it is a Traveller variant). That is important to understand some of the items below.
Foreshadowing: I saved the most interesting thing for last. It is very cool.
Hard Vacuum Effects
- If the vacuum can get to them, liquids instantly evaporate. e.g., in a glass of water effectively the water disappears.
- Thin plastic bottles containing soda, water, or cleaning supplies may explode, tear open, or remain intact. It is likely that thin plastic containers will deform in shape (getting larger).
- If the decompression was explosive, I'd expect refrigerators and freezers are thrown open, spewing their contents across the room.
- Thin plastic bags of food in Paper/Cardboard boxes, such as crackers and cereals: Explode.
- Food containing moisture is turned into a crumbly dust.
- You might think vacuum-packed items would be safe, but not. Since vacuum–packing does not actually remove all of the air from a package (just most of it), a vacuum-packed foil package of ground coffee will inflate, deform, and explode – spraying ground coffee around the room.
- Tupperware can pop open or slightly deform, or it may be unharmed.
- Surprisingly (to me): If they are not thrown out of a refrigerator (or off of a high shelf) and onto the floor because of the escaping air of decompression, eggs will survive hard vacuum with no trouble.
- Fresh food, especially fruits and vegetables, explodes and turn to dust. No more strawberries on the Serenity. 😦
- Things like plastic toothpaste tubes and shampoo bottles may survive unharmed. If the cap was left open (or cracked), their contents will not.
- Glass Containers:
- Some glass containers may be totally unaffected: Vacuum tubes used in early electronics and early light bulbs were glass chambers built to survive vacuum. Or picture a sturdy thick-walled jelly container with a clamp lid or a heavy glass canning jar… you will still have jam. But if there are flaws in the glass even a thick container may shatter.
- As an aside, this means I think the GURPS rule I mentioned in my last post–one of the few pieces of guidance about equipment and vacuum that we receive–is actually wrong. It states that a wine bottle would be destroyed but as long as the cork was solidly in there and the bottle was thick I think it would actually be fine.
- Metal Containers:
- A metal can of food (or soda or beer, for that matter) will likely be unaffected by vacuum. (In the longer term, the dehydration of glue may cause the label to fall off.)
- Living Creatures (other than humans):
- I realize living creatures are not usually "equipment," but this seems to go here. Maybe we are talking about trained bomb-sniffing service dogs.
- GURPS rules handles damage to human bodies, but what about other bodies? Almost all insects and animals will not survive vacuum (and die in a dreadful way), as per the GURPS rules for people.
- On the plus side, you might think hard vacuum will at least de-louse your ship, but there are a few exceptions. Most creatures have their bodily fluids sucked out, and their body then crumples inwards. But ticks, dragonfly nymphs, and dormant tardigrades can survive hard vacuum without problems. Whoa.
- Hydroponics or Farming Operations:
- …are destroyed. See The Martian.
- I think this has to be bad as I imagine there is some moisture in the fibers of clothing, but I can't find any sources that have addressed what happens to the contents of your dresser if your stateroom gets a hard vacuum. The Goddard Space Flight Center said in 1969 that "degradation occurs in an unpredictable manner" and that organic materials are the least likely to survive unharmed. So: people who dress in fashions from the 1970s would be better off? (More polyester?)
- If they work in the way present-day computers do, they will stop working in a few seconds when convection and conduction stop as they can no longer shed heat. The motherboard will detect that the temperature is too hot to safely operate and the computer will shut down. However, when air is returned they can be started again and could be undamaged. (But see wiring, below.)
- The insulation on wires. Couldn't find much on this. It will outgas but…? Does this matter? An open question.
- There is no way to remove heat from electrical wiring due to the loss of convection. This could be a serious problem.
- …will fail as they will either lose their lubricating properties, or they will outgas unwanted materials into machinery, or both.
- …will fail as they immediately dry up. Imagine all of the door numbers and signs falling off the wall. Well, if you still have gravity.
- Books and papers:
- If books and papers made from trees are still used in the future, that's a problem in vacuum. Even "dry" paper is up to 10% water. However I'm not sure what will happen to them. I know it will be bad.
- Mechanical Watches:
- Another surprising find for me. It's likely no problem. It was common for Apollo astronauts to wear an Omega watch on the outside of their spacesuit, during the moon walks, so that they could use the stopwatch feature to time activities
- Suction Cups:
- …fall off.
- Plastics (and the atmosphere):
- Significant offgassing from plastics can produce toxic compounds that are still present when air is restored, but air processing systems are likely to handle this problem anyway, as normal offgassing is already a problem in recycled air systems and filters will be in place.
- There still might be a problem with unusual ship cargos, however? What if you had an entire cargo hold full of plastic? Sounds bad.
- Small Electronic Devices (powered or unpowered)
- may work fine. e.g., A cellular phone will work in a hard vacuum.
- Electric Motors (if powered):
- Motors will short out or may operate for a short time, then break.
- They may operate briefly, then overheat because of the lack of cooling air and convection, causing a component to fail at a high temperature.
- They may short out because air insulates them against arcing and when the air is removed new electrical connections can be made.
- Their components may deform or release volatile gasses that interfere with the operation of equipment.
- (See also the last entry on this table for an additional hazard.)
- Electrical Equipment: (if powered)
- Old-fashioned fuses will blow at half their rated capacity because they cannot shed heat, but modern circuit breakers depend less on air circulation and are not subject to this problem.
- Some solders are not suitable for vacuum and so soldered connections will be broken.
- All circuits will operate at higher temperatures and unprotected circuits will overheat, but cannot catch fire because of the vacuum.
- Plastic components in electrical equipment such as casings and insulation may melt, producing a new configuration of wiring and potentially electrical arcs as noted above.
- In general, if vacuum is present but power is not switched off, the equipment could stop working because of one of the above three problems. Components damaged by vacuum will need to be replaced – the system will not just start working again when air is restored and power is switched back on.
- Water will boil out of the toilets, potentially spectacularly if combined with the moving air of an uncontrolled decompression. That should be fun.
- Aside from that, pipes should hold up well. The cement used to seal connections between plastic (e.g., PVC) pipes may eventually degrade, but if the pipes are mechanically sealed, even pressed tightly into each other, this will not be much of a problem and it may take a long time to manifest. If a ship is left in a hard vacuum for years and air is restored, the plumbing may have a few new leaks.
- You could specify that the reactor keeps working as it is engineered to withstand vacuum, or you could stay that it switches to "emergency standby" that keeps the core/plasma/antimatter/whatever safe, but doesn't do much else. If the reactor stays online and continues to power the whole ship you might run into other problems as specified above!
- Reactors are dangerous enough anyway that if used shipboard I expect they would be built with safety systems that shut down the reactor when atmospheric pressure is lost.
- Is it possible to keep running them? Not sure. The reactor core would already be sealed. But even though the core will be sealed, if the reactor isn't shut down the supporting equipment is electrical and will overheat. In general it is subject to the problems described above.
- Bloodthirsty GMs might be interested in what happens with a system like a fusion reactor where parts need to keep running —

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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2007) explored how supply chain parameters affect the cost saving in VMI and sharing of this benefit between buyer and supplier. Two level supply chain having single supplier and single buyer modeled. Through analysis of model it is found that inventory cost reduction greatly depend on ratio of order cost of supplier to buyer and ratio of carrying cost of supplier to buyer. Buyer takes all the benefits of inventory reduction whereas supplier inventory level may increased which may lead to high logistic cost to supplier side. So it's suggested to have side payment arrangement between buyer and supplier to get VMI worked in long run.
Malla et al (2007) investigated the impact of VMI model on organizations inventory associated cost. Case study of market leader of tyre manufacturer has taken which has which has largest distribution network across India, USA and UK. Through simulation of model it is found that integration of information technology provide a clear picture of inventory holding locations which helps supplier in planning and replenishment of inventory across supply chain, which reduces bullwhip effect, safety stock and W.I.P and improves customer service. Some of the limitations of this model are high initial investment cost and lack of integration of systems.
Astrid Vigtil (2007) investigated the required information exchange in VMI with the support of five buyer-supplier pair in Norwegian geographic. Semi-structured detailed interviews were conducted with the representative of different companies having logistic managerial position or similar. It was concluded through interviews that flow of upstream data is more critical rather than downs-stream data. Visibility of current inventory status and sales forecast are most important factor for suppliers and there is different kind of information needed depends upon operational mode of buyer in make to stock and make to order. In future it is implicated that for the higher efficiency of VMI electronic integration and automatic data transfer should be priorities as it supports supplier in planning of replenishment.
Kazim Sari (2007) examined the benefits of VMI in achieving the increased performance through different levels of outside supply capacity, demand uncertainty, and lead time. Data were collected through simulation model; Crystal Ball, an MS Excel add-in. After retrieving data statistical test MANOVA is applied and it was concluded that high uncertainty in customer's demand has negative influence on the VMI performance. There is also a direct relationship between the manufacturing capacity of outside supplier and performance of VMI. As long as the ratio between retailer and supplier lead times remains constant the performance level of VMI remain unchanged. For future implication it is recommended that before taking any decision relating VMI implementation it is necessary to conduct cost-benefit analysis if upstream information sharing is poor or customer demand is highly uncertain.
Mikael Stahl Elvander et al (2007) proposed the structure for the numerous setups that could be arranged while establishing a VMI system. Semi-structured interviews were conducted from 15 company of Switzerland. Six framework were prepared and tested against the focus group consisted of representative of nine different companies including suppliers and customers who already had implemented VMI, in workshop. Through workshop it was deduce that there are a number of different ways in which VMI system can be configured, that will limit a supplier's likelihood to employ the information made accessible through VMI. It is suggested that the challenges related to operation and management may differ in different VMI system configuration. This should be taken into consideration in order to find best optimal VMI system configuration.
Atul B. Borade & Satish V. Bansod (2008) studied motives, drivers, obstacles and benefits of VMI practices in e-environment. Key variables were compared between small and large Indian industry questionnaires were filled by 112 large companies and 86 small companies and hypothesis was tested through independent sample t-test. It was resulted that motives, drivers, obstacles and benefits are considerably different for small and large enterprises while adopting VMI. It was found that the major objective for SMEs is profit improvement and for large companies is improved customer service. Driver for SMEs is competition and for large companies it is global supply chain. Obstacle in implementing VMI for SMEs is lack of IT infrastructure and for large companies is lack of trust between supply chain partners. Objective for SMEs is profit improvement and for large companies is improved customer service. Benefits gain for SMEs is better forecasting and for large companies is improved logistic and distribution management. It is suggested that IT can gives companies advantages to maximize end consumer value and reduce operating expense as it gives the real time information of marketing conditions.
Guillaume Marques et al (2008) examined the integrated view of the VMI. Outside the short term pull system inventory replenishment, partners have to share their demand forecast, requirements and their limitations to fix middle/long term common objectives. In order to conduct the study 28 articles were review and it was concluded that there was no doubt about the real application of VMI in industry. What clearly is VMI and how can it be correctly implement in supply chain is not clear. It cannot be justify whether VMI is a model, a process, a strategy, a relationship, a link.
Juhwen Hwang, Su-Hwa Wu and Yu-Yen Huang (2008) studied the supplier performance enhancement in term of total relevant cost/unit. Three different models were proposed for single supplier with heterogeneous retailers, one is uncooperative model with independent inventory management system, second model was VMI model in which supplier is responsible for inventory replenishment order cost and certain degree of holding cost and third model was VMI/CRE model, in which VMI is combined with CRE (common replenishment epochs) strategy. Data was analyzed through Algorithm and numerical experimental design and it was concluded that VMI and VMI/CRE results are significant for supplier performance as compared with uncooperative model. For the future implication it is suggested that the supplier are required to provide incentives such as price discounts to compensate the losses which are bear by retailers so that aligning ordering schedules with CRE.
Marloes J. T. Claassen et al (2008) studied the perspective of buyer in term of benefit gained through VMI. Research model was formulated having four key variables; quality of ICT system, quality of information, intensity of information sharing and relationship quality. Sample of 64 Dutch buyer responded through email and model was tested through Partial Least Square (PLS) technique. It was resulted that the quality of the buyer-supplier relation, quality of IT-system and intensity of service level has an impact on buyer-perceived VMI benefits and it is not impacted by actual quality of the information shared. Furthermore three outcomes of VMI performance are higher customer service level, efficient control over supply chain and cost reduction to some extent. It is proposed that the primary benefit of VMI implementation is not cost reduction; it is high customer service level and supply chain control which can be obtained through better relationship with supplier and efficient IT infrastructure.
Jouni Kauremaa et al (2009) found out the types of benefits of VMI program and its sharing at the five levels (supplier vs. buyer). An exploratory multiple case study research methodology was used. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interview from five operational levels. It is concluded that for buyer and supplier, VMI can lead to strategic and operational benefit both which is depending on pair intentions and contextual factors surrounding the given application. It is suggested that with the help of contextual factors VMI system can be designed with more accurate and perfect implementation targets.
Kari Tanskanen et al (2009) investigated the challenges faced by the construction industry at corporate level to manage logistics and to evaluate VMI as a solution of logistics for small items. Three residential house construction companies were elected located in Helsinki, quantitative and qualitative data were collected through web cameras' observations and interviews. Percentage analysis was applied on quantitative data and on the bases of outcomes it was concluded that VMI is a suitable solution for small item logistics for the construction companies. For future it is implicated to work on other industries located in different geographical location.
Jongkyung Park et al (2009) investigated a framework for integrative SRM (supplier relation ship management) system by exploring broad approaches to overall SRM functions. Frame work includes five stages: Setting up of purchasing strategies, Selection of a supplier, Cooperation, supplier valuation and enhancement and endowment of continuous improvement. For this past studies related to SRM were examined and a framework for an integrative SRM system was recommended through which a case study was performed constructed on the systematic hierarchy procedure with a field survey. Results shows that the benefits of SRM can be obtained through the suggested framework and it is applicable to real fields through application case. It is recommended that this framework will help purchasing manager to analyze strategic features of SRM before and during the SRM system operation.
Francesco Zammori et al (2009) identified the standard configuration of a vendor managed inventory (VMI) contract which will be a building block for the initial explanation of the agreement. For this study an Italian plant was selected as an ideal candidate because of complexity of its manufacturing process and the data in the form of the information flow and the technical specifics which are critical before any operational setup are recognized and discussed and formed as parameters for the explanation of the elementary frame of the agreement. It is revealed that VMI agreement should be organized into segments by having generic and legal sides and official aspects included in the annexes. This will increases the flexibility of agreement As VMI relationship progresses with the time.it is proposed that this flexible structure of VMI agreement can be easily implemented by several industrial fields.
Atul et al (2010) studied the difference in the practices of VMI in small and large Indian industry. Key variables were objective, drivers, obstacles and impact of VMI in large and small Indian industries, questionnaires were filled by 98 large companies and 63 small


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Palestine Activity Book
50 in stock
Keep kids entertained and cultivate their love for Palestine with this book. Its jam-packed with fun puzzles, crosswords and word-searches that teach them about the history of Palestine, including the night journey (al-Isra Wa-al Meraj) and Prophets who lived in and visited Palestine.
Recommended for ages 8-12.
SKU: 00032


text:
The Origin of the Phrase "Mind Your Own Beeswax"
Today I found out the origin of the phrase "mind your own beeswax."
"Mind your own beeswax" and "it's none of your beeswax" are common phrases you might hear being shouted by six-year-olds on the school playground. For the uninitiated, they basically mean "mind your own business" or "it's none of your business," but some people think it's more complicated than that.
There is a popular story that says back in the 18th and 19th centuries, women who suffered from disfiguring marks left by small pox used beeswax to smooth out their complexion. One suggested theory is that if someone got too close or was staring too long, a woman would say "mind your own beeswax," as in, "stop staring at mine." Another is that the beeswax would start to melt if a woman sat too close to the fire, and their companions would have to tell them to "mind their own beeswax" which was dripping off their chins.
Beeswax has been commonly used in cosmetics for years, most notably in Burt's Bees products, but this origin story is pure myth. The story started being circulated by a chain e-mail called "Little History Lesson" which made the rounds in 2000.
The first record of "mind your own beeswax" actually appears in 1929 in a children's book, with additional early records following in 1934 and 1939, quite a few years after women were supposedly slathering wax on their faces and coining popular expressions about it.
Aside from there being no documented cases of beeswax being used as a remedy for pockmarks, there are documented medicines in their place. Pockmarks were considered to be a problem, but instead of wax, women would use brightly coloured patches of cloth and stick them on their faces with adhesive to cover the marks. This sounds a little ridiculous, but it would probably sound pretty odd to someone from the 18th and 19th centuries to hear that people today inject botulinum toxin type-A (a.k.a. Botox) into their faces to improve their look. Another trick they used back then was face powder made from lead flakes, which might have covered up their scars but wasn't exactly beneficial to their health.
There is no evidence to suggest that "beeswax" is anything more than a funny, and convenient, substitution for "business." The phrase "mind your own business" has been around for a long time, and is incredibly straightforward: it is a phrase to tell someone to pay attention to their own affairs rather than yours. It's thought that changing "business" to "beeswax" probably softened the phrase, making it sound a little less harsh.
One etymologist, Mark Forsyth, has noted that the word "beeswax" was slang for "tedious bore" in the 19th century. Therefore, the phrase "mind your own beeswax" might in fact be "mind your own, beeswax." That is, "nose out, you bore." However, Forsyth admits that the substitution theory carries a lot of weight too, since the words "business" and "beeswax" sound quite similar.
- 10 Amazzzzing Bee Facts
- What the "Bee" in "Spelling Bee" Means
- The Origin of the Phrase "Close, But No Cigar"
- The Fascinating Origin of the Word "Abracadabra"
- Why We Call Things "The Big Cheese"
- Another popular beeswax theory is that women in the 1800s would sit by the fire making beeswax candles and if they got too close, the wax would begin to melt. As with the others, you'd be hard pressed to find any evidence to back this up—plus, by the mid-1800s, beeswax was starting to be phased out in favour of candles made of animal fat.
- The first cold cream was supposedly invented by Galen, a Greek physician, in the 2nd century A.D. It contained beeswax mixed with olive oil and rosewater
- The same "Little History Lesson" e-mail claimed that beeswax-covered women were also the reason for the phrase "crack a smile." Once a woman had applied her beeswax, she wouldn't be able to smile or the wax would crack around her lips. Again, this isn't true. Crack a smile is related to "crack a joke," which dates back to the 1300s and is simply a figure of speech. It doesn't allude to a physical crack in anything, least of all the fictional wax masks of 19th century women.
- Supposedly, the wax dripping off women's faces also led to the phrase "losing face." This phrase is actually derived from a Chinese expression about moral character and social prestige that was loosely translated into "lose face" in the 1800s. It has nothing to do with wax.
- Other "bee" phrases include "make a bee-line," which refers to going somewhere in the quickest and most direct route possible. This one came about from the idea that bees instinctually know where their hives are and when they are going back home, they go by the most direct route. (In fact, bees have an incredibly advanced method of navigation, including using the sun and adjusting for time of day and the curvature of the earth in calculating the angles of direction they should fly to find things.) Another one is "a bee in your bonnet," which comes from a Scottish translation of Aenid: "hede full of beis." The phrase means being preoccupied with an idea, and comes from the agitated state someone would be in if they had a bee buzzing around their head.
- Speaking of minding your own beeswax, "Little History Lesson" also brought up "minding your P's and Q's," which isn't too common a phrase these days. The chain e-mail claimed it had to do with bar maids "minding the pints and quarts" that their customers were drinking. In truth, it isn't actually known definitively where this expression comes from. Some other theories include telling children to "mind their pleases and thank you's" while another one says it has to do with children learning the difference between lower case p's and q's. An early quotation, from 1602, tells of a "Pee and Kue," which appears to be a type of clothing. Unfortunately, we may never know exactly how this one came about, but given Little History Lesson's track record, it would be a shocker if they actually got one right. 🙂
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Chapter 4: Knowing What to Get|
How do you document your decision?
It's now time to document the recommended technology solution that has emerged as a result of your thinking and analysis. The purpose of doing this is to present to the key decision makers in your organization (or to consider yourself) enough information for them to approve, modify or reject your recommendations. (If you feel that the likely outcome is rejection, then you are better served by developing a stronger case before presenting it.) Even if the decision making process is very informal, or if few people are involved, it is usually still a worthwhile exercise to document your plan as a check on its viability and your own thoroughness. If you can't articulate it, you may be missing a key element.
A business case is the most useful format in which to prepare such documentation. It not only includes a description of your recommended solution, but also documents the anticipated costs and benefits. In short, it should give key decision makers all the information they need to make an approval decision.
See Figure 4.4, Business Case Suggested Table of Contents
For Further Information about the content of
Technology @ Your Fingertips
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The Importance of Festive Attire in the Healthcare Industry
In the healthcare industry, professionals work tirelessly to provide care and support to those in need. Especially during the holiday season, when many patients may be feeling lonely or unwell, it becomes even more crucial to spread joy and cheer. One creative way to do so is by wearing Christmas-themed scrubs. These festive outfits not only bring a smile to patients' faces but also boost the morale of healthcare workers. We're committed to providing an enriching learning experience. That's why we suggest this external website with extra and relevant information about the subject. christmas scrub tops _URL_ investigate and broaden your understanding!
The Psychology Behind Festive Attire
Research has shown that clothing choices can significantly impact our mood and mindset. When healthcare professionals don Christmas-themed scrubs, they are sending a positive message to both themselves and their patients. The bright colors, cheerful patterns, and symbols associated with the holiday season can create a joyful atmosphere, promoting a sense of happiness and optimism.
The festive attire also serves as a conversation starter, allowing patients to engage in lighthearted conversations with healthcare workers. This human connection can bring solace to individuals who may be spending the holiday season in a hospital or long-term care facility away from their loved ones. It helps to create a warm and empathetic environment that fosters healing and emotional well-being.
The Benefits of Christmas-Themed Scrubs for Healthcare Professionals
Wearing Christmas-themed scrubs can have numerous benefits for healthcare professionals themselves. Firstly, it breaks the monotony of wearing standard uniforms or lab coats, which can become mundane over time. By introducing festive attire, healthcare workers can add a touch of personalization and self-expression to their daily outfits.
Secondly, Christmas-themed scrubs can significantly boost team spirit and camaraderie among healthcare professionals. When coworkers dress up in festive outfits together, it creates a sense of unity and shared enthusiasm. This, in turn, leads to increased collaboration and a more positive work environment.
Furthermore, wearing Christmas-themed scrubs allows healthcare workers to showcase their creativity and sense of fun. In an inherently challenging and sometimes emotionally draining field, it's important for professionals to find moments of joy and laughter. The colorful and whimsical scrubs offer healthcare workers an opportunity to inject a sense of lightness into their workdays, ultimately benefiting their mental well-being.
The Impact on Patient Experience
Patients often associate hospitals and medical facilities with negative experiences, anxiety, and fear. By introducing Christmas-themed scrubs, healthcare professionals can transform this perception and create a more positive environment. Patients, especially children, are likely to be more at ease and receptive to treatment when surrounded by cheerful and comforting surroundings.
Additionally, the sight of healthcare workers donning festive attire can help patients feel more connected and understood. It reminds them that the healthcare professionals caring for them are not just professionals but also individuals who share in the joys and traditions of the holiday season.
Implementing the Tradition
Introducing Christmas-themed scrubs into healthcare settings can be done in various ways. Healthcare organizations can provide healthcare workers with a set of festive scrubs to wear during the holiday season or allow healthcare professionals to personalize their own scrubs with holiday-themed accessories such as pins, patches, or hair accessories.
It is essential, however, to ensure that the festive attire does not compromise the professionalism and hygiene standards of the healthcare industry. The scrubs should still be comfortable, practical, and adhere to any dress code policies in place. For a deeper understanding of the subject, we recommend this external resource packed with more details and insights. christmas scrub tops australia, discover new aspects of the subject discussed.
The holiday season is a time of joy, love, and giving. By incorporating Christmas-themed scrubs into healthcare settings, we can spread holiday cheer to patients, boost the morale of healthcare professionals, and create a more positive and festive environment. These simple yet impactful gestures remind us of the importance of compassion and empathy in the healthcare industry, ultimately improving the patient experience and overall well-being for all involved.
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Part 2: Burmese personal names – Miscellany
This is the 2nd in a 4 part installment on Burmese personal names — [1] Introduction | [2] Miscellany | [3] Male Names | [4] Female Names.
Burmese personal names: Miscellany
I recently got a hold of a small but useful trove of data, a 2014 exam roster of nearly 600 Burmese university students (in their early 20s). Using Excel, I began parsing the data, segmenting the names by word (not syllable) and categorizing by gender, to discern patterns in naming preferences. Given that there's not much out there regarding Burmese names (statistically-speaking), I thought I'd take a stab at this and present some simple findings.
I've been able to shed some light on the top name choices and discern some naming patterns. However, I have to admit, given that almost every single name on that roster was one-of -a-kind, it's difficult to really assess the complete picture and see conclusive patterns.
In light of the ongoing nationwide census, the first in Burma since 1983, it's gotten me thinking. How useful would it be for the government to release the raw data to the public to manipulate? Of course, the accuracy of this census is debatable, as are many of the questions being asked..
Details on the data
Sample: 584 given names, 344 female, 240 male.
Source: extracted from a Rangoon-based university roster (April 2014)
Segmentation: not by syllable but by word.
Determination of gender: Already provided in the roster as an honorific: Maung (male) or Ma (female)
Other notes: I did not control for name's origins or etymology (whether Shan, Chinese, English, etc.). The overwhelming majority of names were Burmese origin names.
For etymology and meanings, I confirmed with Southeast Asian Languages Library's English-Burmese dictionary [link], Buddhistdoor International's Buddhist dictionary [link] the Pali dictionary [link], and a copy of my dad's paperback Tet Toe dictionary. For words whose meaning/origin I'm unfamiliar with, I've left a question mark.
Overarching patterns
Diversity of words. All in all, there was a dizzying number of words encountered through this exercise. And surprisingly, for both female and males, very few names were shared. There were a few instances in which 2 or at most, 3, students had the same exact name. This, even though these students did not possess surnames. It almost goes to show the ingenuity of Burmese families in designing unique names for their children, which may be a motivating factor in each succeeding generation's ever more complex names.
What would be interesting is to have the students' date of birth and see whether there's a relationship between the student's date of birth and the actual given name, whether that the traditional Burmese naming system informed the naming process for the students, and if so, how common this was. Unfortunately I didn't have that kind of data.
Number of Unique Words:
Females had a presumably larger pool of words to choose from than males.. For males, I encountered 129 unique words (variants of the same word were counted separately) used as part of a name. For females, this number jumped to 202 words. Across the board, there was greater variation in the second word of a given name, for both males and females, implying that there's greater latitude in the second word of a given name.
I also observed a naming pattern: the third word in a given name had markedly less variation than the first two. In fact, there was considerable overlap for both males and females in the 3rd word of their name–4 of the top 10 words were shared by both genders: Kyaw, Naing, Htun, and Aung.
Top 25 Words Used in Burmese Names:
Of the most common words used in the set of Burmese names, there was little overlap between frequently used female and male names. Only 9 of top 25 words were used for both males and females: Zin, Win, U, Myat, Htun, Phyo, Kyaw, Htet, and Aung. Makes sense, considering they are relatively unisex words.
Number of Syllables in a Burmese Name:
Across the board, the majority of males and females had 3 syllable names. However, a significant number of females possessed 4 syllable names.
The average number of syllables for both males and females was 3. Moreover, in line with the Burmese language's monosyllabic tendencies, the average syllable length of both boys' and girls' name was 1.
I don't deny that there's inherent sampling bias. For one, the data does not account for regional variations in naming trends, as the majority of these students would have originated from somewhere in Lower Burma (most likely the Rangoon region). Also this does not account for variation in socioeconomic class (predominantly urbanites with relatively well-off families). But I think it does provide a fairly sweeping overview of Burmese naming trends for the late 1980s-early 1990s generation. Moreover, I realize that the sample size may be insufficient.
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12 thoughts on "Part 2: Burmese personal names – Miscellany
 1. Very interesting. I would imagine the popular custom of alliteration in girl's names is still current such as Cho Cho or Than Than. Much less common with boys except Maung Maung and Ko Ko.
 In my generation of postwar baby boomers Khin Maung so and so or Maung Maung so and so is a very common boy's name which practice makes it a three syllable name unlike the vast majority of boy's names in that era.
 Like Dolores I suppose Khin no longer makes the top 9 but used to be very common in those days among both genders. On the other hand Htet must be the newcomer of the 9 since I had never heard of anyone with that name until my dad named my second son born in 1973. A few years later a film director of the exact same two syllable name appeared on the scene.
 Did you come across a good number of Pali names I wonder? Not so common in my generation they tend to be disyllabic, spelled separately in English sometimes and always in Burmese. Like Thida, Malar, Thawda, Sanda, Thanda, Thuza, (Eindra nowadays as in the film star Htun Eindra Bo) with girls and Zeya, Nanda, Thiha, Thura, Teza (Tay Za you will be more familiar with) for boys. Thawda is unisex and so is Nanda but its second syllable is spelled and pronounced differently for different genders (short creaky for male and long soft for female).
 Even some actual Burmese names like Nilar, Wut Hmon, Kyay Mon (as in the paper Kyemon or Mirror) are not really amenable to splitting.
 As you know truncation or splitting of Burmese names doesn't work unlike Western names. Min Ko Naing cannot be Min Naing or just Naing in print or broadcast media since no Burmese would recognise the name. The same with his real name Paw Oo Htun. At least Suu Kyi is current and recognisable though it sounds impolite to us, but if you take only her first and last names as in a Western name, she'd have the same name as the liaison minister for dialogue with her Aung Kyi!
 - Interesting you bring up Khin (ခင်), because it was relatively uncommon (at least for males), even though it seems like every other person used to have that as a word in their names. Another one that was conspicuously missing was Hla (လှ), for both males and females. I did come across a good variety of Pali names for both males and females, which I've identified in Parts 3 and 4.
 - Khin derived from thakhin (lord/lady), like Myat (noble) and Tin (hoist/super) probably took off in colonial times partly from nostalgia and partly by lending commoners the mantle of our fallen monarchy and aristocracy as in the famous triangle the last king Thibaw Min, Daing Khin Khin and Yanaung Maung Maung Toke.
 Interestingly Myat remains popular but the others like Hla (pretty/handsome) are presumably regarded as too dated. Likewise Pe (father) and Ba (father/uncle), Po (grandfather or young master), Mi and Mè (mother), Pwa (grandmother), Ma (sister) common in the first half of the last century no longer seem to occur. Even Ko (older brother), Maung and Nyi (younger brother) may be dying out, no longer cool and trendy.
 2. Nay Chi (sun ray) and Zar Chi (lacy) are also popular unsplittable girl's names among today's generation as are older flower names like Thazin, Sabè, Hninsi, Thawka, Khwar Nyo and Myat Lay aside Anglo names such as Cherry, Lily and Baby (Sonny used to be popular for boys too) all spelled in separate words.


sealPurdue News
Water-hydraulic vehicle built by Purdue students
WEST LAFAYETTE, Ind. – A group of Purdue University undergraduates built an industrial riding lawn mower that's a cut above the rest.
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Photo caption below
The students created what is thought to be the first vehicle that uses water in all of its hydraulic systems, including power steering, power brakes and transmission.
Recent advances in water hydraulic systems have allowed them to perform as well as petroleum hydraulic systems. Because water offers several environmental and economic advantages over petroleum hydraulic fluid, the students teamed up to demonstrate that such a vehicle is now possible.
Recent graduates Jason Brown of Pendleton, Ind.; Dan Sellers of Bourbon, Ind.; and Dan Pitstick of Rensselaer, Ind., worked through their final semester at Purdue to build the machine. Nathan Schoonover, of Evansville, Ind, who graduated in December, also worked on the project.
Although the mower was redesigned to prove a point, it does have a practical purpose. Mowers leak some hydraulic fluid, and on golf courses that fluid can kill grass on greens that often cost tens of thousands of dollars to construct and maintain.
Jacobsen, a division of Textron Inc. of Racine, Wis., donated the Greens King IV mower, which is a 31-horsepower, front-wheel drive mower with three sets of gang mowers that are raised and lowered hydraulically.
Gary Krutz, professor of agricultural and biological engineering and the students' advisor, says water hydraulic systems only would be practical in vehicles that use high-pressure systems, such as heavy equipment used in construction, agriculture, forestry and mining. (Automobiles have hydraulic brake and steering systems, but these are not typically highly pressurized.)
Using water in hydraulic systems currently costs twice as much as using petroleum products, but that could change as more applications are found for water hydraulics.
"If all of the research and development were done, all of the major companies would be using water instead of hydraulic fluid," Krutz says. "Because the industry is in its infancy, mass production hasn't lowered the cost. But once you start mass producing the necessary parts from ceramic, fiber-reinforced plastic or stainless steel, the prices will drop."
Research at Purdue on water hydraulic systems currently focuses on hydrostatic bearings. Hydrostatic bearings would be used in cars or industrial or agricultural equipment. "These would work well with cars in the future that use fuel cells, because you would be able to use the water in the fuel cell and in the gear box," Krutz says.
The water used in the mower isn't straight from the tap; ordinary city water contains too many minerals and impurities and could cause build-up and corrosion. Instead, the system uses distilled water that has been de-ionized to remove any electrical charges that could cause corrosion.
Corrosion also is the reason parts for water hydraulics systems have to be made of stainless steel, plastic or ceramics. But the more expensive parts would be worth it because using water in hydraulic systems makes machinery more energy efficient, saving money.
The boost in energy efficiency is due to water's lower viscosity. Viscosity is the measure of how fast a liquid flows. Water flows up to 1,000 times faster than hydraulic fluid at normal air temperatures. Once the machine is warmed up, water is still less viscous.
Improved viscosity means less energy is required to push the hydraulic fluid through the system, making it more efficient. An engine that uses direct gearing is 95 percent efficient; one that uses hydraulic systems is 60 percent efficient. (Hydraulic systems are used in place of gears because they offer variable speed and can be placed in different locations around the vehicle.)
By using water instead of heavier petroleum fluid, Krutz estimates the efficiency could be boosted at least 10 percent.
"That doesn't sound like much, but that would mean a savings of 500 million gallons of gasoline in the United States each year," he says. "I'm also willing to predict that the lower friction will result in less wear for the equipment."
Replacing hydraulic fluids with water won't be without problems, however. Because tighter fittings and higher quality parts are needed to prevent leaks and corrosion, water systems are more costly. Also, the reduced viscosity of water means that turbulence within the system could reduce efficiency if the parts aren't engineered properly.
Krutz predicts that costs could drop quickly if even one manufacturer decided to focus on water hydraulic systems. "All we need is for one major lawn mower company to decide to use this technology in a premium machine, and the cost would drop significantly," he says.
Stainless steel and ceramics are among the expensive materials most needed for water hydraulic systems, and as the cost of these materials drop, replacing petroleum hydraulic fluid comes closer to becoming cost effective.
"Do you remember how you used to have to replace the muffler on your car every three years?" Krutz asks. "Steel producers figured out how to make stainless steel cheaper, and the auto manufacturers began using it to make mufflers. Now mufflers last as long as most people own a car.
"This price reduction in stainless steel is also making water hydraulic systems affordable, but steel materials still require a lot of engineering work to eliminate turbulence in the system."
Additional equipment for the project was donated by Danfoss Nessie, Milwaukee, Wis.; Fairfield Manufacturing, Lafayette, Ind.; Indianapolis Valve and Fitting, Indianapolis; Parker Hannifin, Cleveland, Ohio; and Swagelok Co., Salon, Ohio.
Writer: Steve Tally, _PHONE_;
Sources: Gary Krutz, _PHONE_;
Jason Brown, _PHONE_;
Dan Sellers, sellersd@purdue
Dan Pitstick,
Nathan Schoonover,
Related Web site:
Jacobsen mowers
Graduate students Louis Cassens (right) and Michael Thomas put a revolutionary lawn mower through a trial run recently near Purdue's Food Science Building. The mower uses ordinary water in place of hydraulic fluid. (Purdue Agricultural Communication Service Photo by Tom Campbell.)
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* To the Purdue News and Photos Page


Photo from auction catalog.
A Newport Mercury account in 1949 provides the story of the end of the renown Glen Farm herds. The entire herd of 89 cows were dispersed in one auction for over $36,000. The herd, one of the oldest in Rhode Island, had been established in 1889 by H.A.C. Taylor and had been continued by his son Moses. Moses Taylor's wife, Edith Taylor Nicholson had continued the herd, but she made the decision to sell in 1949.
Glen Farm Guernseys were known for high quality breeding and an outstanding record for being disease free. The original stock came from the Island of Guernsey, but the Taylors continued to selectively breed and improve their herds.
Among the buyers at the auction were Francis Taylor, the grandson of Glen Farm's founder. Francis, who is listed as being from Seekonk, bought a cow (Frolic of the Glen) and a calf (Gold of the Glen). Local buyers were former Governor William H. Vanderbilt who purchased four of the better known cows for his Massachusetts farm, Hugh D. Auchincloss (Jacqueline Kennedy's stepfather), and Mervin Briggs (who had Fairholm Dairy in Portsmouth). Most of the herd went to Pennsylvania and Delaware.
The week before the cattle auction, Edith Taylor Nicholson disposed of all the Glen Farm sheep and some years before the bred horses had been dispersed as well. After the auction there was still cattle on Glen Farm. Sixty head of Angus beef cattle were still being bred in the last years of the farm.


text:
When it comes to Spanish-style colonial charm, few cities in the Western Hemisphere can rival Old San Juan. But that doesn't mean that Puerto Rico's historical significance is exclusively within the capital city's walls. Roughly 100 miles southwest of San Juan, the lovely town of San Germán holds the venerable distinction of being Puerto Rico's second oldest city.
Founded in 1573 and named after King Ferdinand the Catholic's second wife Germaine of Foix, San Germán became the island's first settlement outside of San Juan. Its significance was such that the island was first divided into the San Juan Party and the San Germán Party. The town also became the focal point from which other settlements were established, thus earning the nickname 'Ciudad Fundadora de Pueblos' (roughly, Town-Founding City).
But while San Juan went on to grow exponentially beyond the old city walls and other cities like Ponce, Mayagüez, Arecibo or Caguas grew in population and importance, San Germán remained a sleepy colonial town and one of the best-kept secrets within the island.
From a historical perspective, San Germán's most famous landmark is Porta Coeli Church. One of the earliest examples of Gothic architecture in the Americas, the chapel was originally built as a convent in 1609 by the Dominican Order. It was reconstructed during the 18th century and expanded with a single nave church of rubble masonry. Listed in 1976 in the U.S. National Register of Historic Places, Porta Coeli was restored by the Institute of Puerto Rican Culture and now houses the Museo de Arte Religioso, which showcases religious paintings and wooden carvings dating back from the 18th and 19th centuries.
Porta Coeli overlooks quaint Plazuela Santo Domingo, an elonganted, cobblestoned square enclosed by pastel-colored, colonial-style houses. A block away sits the town's main square, Plaza Francisco Mariano Quiñones, where the operational church of San Germán de Auxerre is located. Both Porta Coeli and San Germán de Auxerre are part of the San Germán Historic District, which was also listed in the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 1994 and includes about 100 significant buildings.
Though San Germán has long since lost its 16th-century designation as Puerto Rico's most important city after San Juan, the town is nonetheless a regional powerhouse in southwestern Puerto Rico, housing important insitutions as the main campus of Universidad Interamericana (Interamerican University). Sports enthusiasts will also appreciate that the city is considered "The Cradle of Puerto Rican Basketball" as it is home to one of the island's oldest and most succesful basketball franchises, Atléticos de San Germán (San Germán Athletics).


Love handles form when your body stores energy as fat above your hips. To get rid of them you will need to burn this fat by doing exercise that uses a lot of calories. When you have an excessive amount of fat anywhere on your body, exercising that particular area with sit ups, bicep curls or squats will not help. These exercises are used to build muscle and enhance definition while getting rid of love handles requires simply burning off the fat.
Burn Calories
Your main goal when trying to get rid of body fat stores such as the love handles is to burn as many calories as you can. Sit ups, crunches, and twists build muscle but they burn an insignificant amount of calories.
When trying to get rid of your love handles, you need to lower your body fat percentage. A calorie restricted diet combined with high intensity cardiovascular exercise (running, biking, swimming, tennis, basketball) will force your body to use its fat stores for energy.
Running or walking for even small distances will do a lot more than hundreds of sit ups or crunches if your body fat percentage is high: as is found in people who have love handles.
You will need to engage in some sort of cardio 3 – 5 times per week at 30 – 60 minutes per session in order to lose body fat. Remember that exercising more often and longer will yield quicker results.
After your cardio routine is on a solid foundation (meaning you're following it without skipping any days: 3-5 times per week) you need to start targeting your oblique and abdominal muscles to show definition.
You can do this at the gym on machines or at home with your own body weight (sit ups, crunches, leg lifts, twists). Doing hundreds of sit ups everyday is wasteful so do not go overboard.
Remember that the main rule to getting rid of love handles (which are stores of fat) is giving your body less calories than it burns by eating less and exercising more. If your body burns 2,000 calories every day and you only give it 1,500 calories of food, it will be forced to use body fat stores to get those extra 500 calories.
The Bottom Line
If your exercise routine is good but you go home to a bad diet, your results will be significantly delayed. The quickest way to get rid of love handles is through a combination of diet and exercise, not just one of the two.
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How to Scan 50 Miles of Historical Documents Into an Online Archive
By Jordan Kushins on at
Tracking the lightning-quick development of modern cities is easy with Google Street View, but a big new project aims to provide context for the past 1,000 years of urban evolution in Venice, Italy. The Venice Time Machine will digitalise and catalogue a staggering amount of historical documents (a combined 50 miles worth of shelves!) before turning the data into an internet archive and adaptable 3D model.
Timing-wise, it certainly lines up with the zeitgeisty rush of cultural institutions, from the Met to the New York Public Library, putting their collections online and free for the public to browse. In this case, pulling together all the documents into a cohesive whole will be a pretty epic challenge, and one that's been centuries in the making.
The archives were located in different spots around the city until 1815, when they were moved to the Frari's convent in the middle of town. Now, the stacks and stacks (and stacks and stacks) contain a millennium's worth of all kinds of handwritten texts: maps, correspondences, tax statements, architectural plans, travel guides, and peace treaties, even birth and death registries and wills.
The multi-step process, helmed by the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, the University Ca' Foscari, and the Lombard Odier Foundation, will involve significant input from both computers and people, using technology that is currently being tested and perfected. First, everything will be scanned by a semi-automatic robotic scanning unit into high resolution images, or—and this sounds incredible—a technique using "X-ray synchrotron radiation produced by a particle accelerator" will allow scanning without even turning a page.
How To Scan 50 Miles of Historical Documents Into an Online Archive
Those images will be transcribed with the help a text processor powered by the kind of algorithms used for protein structure analysis; these will detect strings of words that could be sentences.
Finally, a massive taxonomy of key phrases, people, and places will build out this interconnected, entirely searchable database. Eventually, the team believes they'll be able to create a morphing 3D model of Venice through the years, based on the gathered and synthesised info.
It will be fascinating to watch this process unfold, and its success could have major implications for putting more rare, print-only artefacts into the global mix. [Gizmag]


The question is $x = \arctan\frac 23 + \arctan\frac 12$. What is $\tan(x)$?
I'm having trouble figuring out how to calculate the arctan values without a calculator, or do I not even need to find these values to calculate what $\tan(x)$ is? Any help is greatly appreciated (I would show some sort of work, but I am actually completely stuck).
I know that the range of arctan is restricted to $(–90^\circ, 90^\circ)$ or $(-\pi/2, \pi/2)$, but i'm not sure how this helps.
Below is a solution based on right triangles.
enter image description here
Note that $y=\arctan\frac{2}{3}$, and $z=\arctan\frac{1}{2}$. It follows that $x = y + z$.
The question is then: Calculate $\frac{b}{a}$.
Since $a^2 + c^2 = 4$ and $\frac{a}{c} = \frac{2}{3}$, it follows that $a^{2} = \frac{16}{13}$.
Since $a^2 + b^2 = 5$, it follows that $b^2 = \frac{49}{13}$.
Thus, $\frac{b}{a} = \frac{7}{4}$.
The take-away should be that sometimes going to a more basic line of thought can get you unstuck on a problem. Also, this gives some insight on how you can derive the tangent of sums formula.
Use the formula $\tan(a+b)=\frac{\tan(a)+\tan(b)}{1-\tan(a)\tan(b)}$
Let $A=\arctan\frac 23,B=\arctan\frac 12$.
Then, $$\tan x=\tan(A+B)=\frac{\tan A+\tan B}{1-\tan A\tan B}=\frac{\frac 23+\frac 12}{1-\frac 23\cdot \frac 12}.$$
Your Answer


Emol, Stinkfish, Zio Ziegler
Group Exhibition Carmichael Gallery
Carmichael Gallery is pleased to present Primeval, a group exhibition featuring works by Emol, Stinkfish and Zio Ziegler. The exhibition will be on view from August 11 to September 1, 2012. Zio Ziegler will be in attendance at the opening reception on Saturday, August 11 from 6-9pm.
Cities and their streets put the three artists in daily contact with the urban elements that in turn influence their work. Be it architecture and propaganda for Emol, the texture of old walls for Stinkfish, or the color of pavement after a rainy afternoon for Zio, inspiration for these artists is inextricably drawn from the outdoor environments they encounter in their respective cities. Their individual mastery of line, sources of form, and choice of color share a compassion for and understanding of history and humanity. Such honest and considered motives translate into works that are powerfully evocative and, though indigenous, universally approachable.
Emol (Diadema City, Brazil) finds the connection between art, artist and city crucial to his practice. He believes that to paint outside is the best way to grasp what is happening at the moment and to know how one's art affects communities. Emol considers his work an embodiment of antenna to roots, capturing that which is current, but with a strong link to the past and ancestry. He achieves this largely through his color choices, which symbolize Brazil's wealth of distinct cultures. Through traveling the various regions of his home country and closely observing their different traditions, Emol combines the tropical colors he encounters, each offering a different vibration, with lines and forms to infuse sensorial joy into urban landscapes.
Stinkfish (Bogotá, Colombia) is equally indebted to the street, having spent his childhood playing soccer and going for bike rides around his neighborhood. He is drawn to bringing his work to as many people as possible, favoring busy crossroads and streets as locations for his murals. The texture of highly trafficked, decrepit areas gives Stinkfish the feeling that he is continuing the history of a wall, mixing his story into a larger narrative of crumbling paint, grit and wear. Stinkfish also remembers having an affection when he was young for the cameras his father would buy and sell, spending hours "playing" with them, discovering their mechanisms and teaching himself techniques of framing and focusing that would become essential to his art form. His transposition of photo to mural enhances the fleeting moments of human nature he captured with his camera, leaving the final interpretation up to the public.
Zio Ziegler (Mill Valley, CA) too finds that the balance of working publicly and privately assists his entire creative process in a symbiotic way. The open source template of the streets serves as a constant reminder to him of the democratic yet organic nature of art. Though influenced by classical philosophy, literature and art, Zio constantly reminds himself of the paradigm shift towards the digital age. To be aware of this ephemeral state of painting assists the visceral encouragement of instinct in the studio. And so, with the balance of both studio and street, instinct and patience, comes Zio's paintings.
Carmichael Gallery
5797 Washington Blvd
Culver City, CA 90232
Exhibition runiing from August 11 till September 1, 2012
Opening reception: Saturday, August 11, 6-9pm.


: FamilyTree/Surname/5th.viscount.html for the sub-tree descending from the 5th Viscount. That is, URLs that I hope fully describe what will be found there, and that I hope will stay working as the tree grows and changes. Whereas with an address like: FamilyTree/41639.html one has a lot less confidence that this will always point to the same thing (what if the database reorganises, and re-numbers its pages?).
I am not sure this is the ideal Web site file structure, however. For instance, what if you are dealing with ancient families, before surnames? There are many other minor implementation issues. For instance, what if I want to include a brief sketch of an in-law's family? Currently I would use the address: FamilyTree/Surname/othersurname.html but other schemes could be imagined. Tompsett [10] discusses naming conventions in URLs.
Automatic numbering 1, (1), 1a, 1b,..
Currently I number the offspring by using the "ordered list" tag in HTML, and then listing each child after a "list item" tag. This automatically numbers the list from "1." to "n." without the author having to keep track of the numbers. Even better, the numbers are automatically recalculated as siblings are added to or removed from the list.
Now it would be nice to be able to replicate the system used in Burke's Peerage, where successive indented generations are numbered 1, 1, (1), 1a, 1b, etc. That is, we automatically change the numbering scheme depending on how many levels we have recursed into. [The non-technical reader may wish to skip at this point to the section "Conclusion" below.]
Currently in HTML the tag supports the numbering schemes 1, I, i, A or a. We can write a style sheet like the following, called hyper.css:
 ol { list-style-type: decimal }
 ol ol { list-style-type: lower-roman }
 ol ol ol { list-style-type: lower-alpha }
 ol ol ol ol { list-style-type: decimal }
put the following line in the section of each web page:

and then all subsequent use of the tag will have the following properties. It will automatically use the numbering 1,2,3,4,... for the first level, i,ii,iii,iv,... for the next level, a,b,c,d,... for the next level, and 1,2,3,4,... for all lower levels. The style sheet can be altered to implement other combinations of the basic schemes 1, I, i, A and a.
We are nearly there, but it is still not quite the same as Burke's. The Burke's format would be 1,2,3,4,... for the first level, 1,2,3,4,... for the next level, (1),(2),(3),(4),... for the next level, 1a,2a,3a,4a,... for the next level, 1b,2b,3b,4b,... for the next level, and so on. It seems to me that Burke's, by keeping the decimal number throughout, is still the more readable format. It is not clear to me how such a scheme may be implemented in HTML at present (apart from just using and numbering them all by hand). We want to use the decimal value calculated by the tag, but append "a" or "b" to it. Perhaps there is some way of doing this.
8. Conclusion
The Burke's Peerage format was the product of well over a century of hard experience, and contains within it all the basic ideas of hypertext, that simply had to wait for recent technology to come along.
Hypertext gives the Burke's IN format a new lease of life, and brings out one of its lost and forgotten strengths - variable resolution. A Hypertext Indented Narrative allows us see at a glance what the major components of the pedigree are. And gives us, for the first time in history, the ability to draw these structures properly by hand - a welcome alternative to having to enter them into some inflexible database.
It may surprise many in this age of databases that you can still draw a multi-thousand member family tree by hand. You can even start with a single page and just start writing, splitting off extra pages if and when the need arises as your tree grows. Unlike a graphical chart, you never have to rewrite or redraw any of it as it grows. Unlike a database, you are free to insert pictures, small histories, hyperlinks and diversions of all sorts at any point whatsoever.
One could not recommend constructing pedigrees in this format, of course, were it not for the fact that hypertext browsers are now so universally available, and also the confidence that, if necessary, the HIN format can still generate a reasonably comprehensible printout - for long-term archives, and for those readers without any computer equipment at all.
[1] Christian, Peter (1996), Genealogical Publishing on the World-Wide Web, Computers in Genealogy 5(9): 381-7. Online at:
[2] Burke's Peerage and Baronetage, 106th edn, 1999.
[3] "Reader's Guide", Burke's Peerage and Baronetage, 1999, pp. il-li.
[4] Review of Burke's Peerage and Baronetage, 1999, The Baronage Press,
[5] Burke's Irish Family Records, 1976.
[6] "Guide to the Reader", Burke's Irish Family Records, 1976, pp. xxvii-xxix.
[7] Genealogy of the British Royal Family, presented by Brian Tompsett on the Web at the University of Hull, at:
[8] William IV, in the Genealogy of the British Royal Family, presented by Brian Tompsett on the Web at:
[9] Discussion of the GEDCOM 2 CGI software used to present the Genealogy of the British Royal Family, Brian Tompsett,
[10] Problems of distributed Genealogical Databases, Brian Tompsett,
[11] Limitations of the GEDCOM to Web Experiment, Brian Tompsett,
[12] Cooper, Chris Shearer (1998), Display Your Family on the Web With JavaGED, Journal of Online Genealogy, Vol. 2, No. 9 (March 1998). Online at:
[13] JavaGED Genealogical Display System,
[14] Genealogy of the British Royal Family, on the Web at Penn State University, at:
[15] William IV, in the Genealogy of the British Royal Family, on the Web at Penn State University, at:
[16] History and Genealogy Web pages of Mark Humphrys,
[17] Descendants of John Blennerhassett, of Ballycarty, Co.Kerry, presented by Mark Humphrys on the Web at:
[18] Descendants of Capt. Robert Blennerhassett, of Castle Conway, Co.Kerry, presented by Mark Humphrys on the Web at:
[19] Descendants of William Gibbon, presented by Mark Humphrys on the Web at:
[20] Descendants of Henry Herbert, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, presented by Mark Humphrys on the Web at:
[21] Discussion of problems with permanent URLs when using the GED2HTML program, Eugene W. Stark,
[22] Humphrys, Mark (1999), Why on earth would I link to you?, The Irish Times, 15th Feb 1999. This is online at:
[23] Howells, Mark (1998), Link Rot in your Family Tree?, Computers in Genealogy 6(8): 365-72. Online at:
[24] Nielsen, Jakob (1997), The Need for Speed, The Alert Box, 1st Mar 1997. Online at:
[25] Nielsen, Jakob (1998), Nielsen's Law of Internet Bandwidth, The Alert Box, 5th Apr 1998. Online at:
[26] Family of Elizabeth Fitz-Hugh, presented by Mark Humphrys on the Web at:
[27] Family of Elizabeth Cheyne, presented by Mark Humphrys on the Web at:
[28] Family of 2nd Baron Vaux, presented by Mark Humphrys on the Web at:
[29] Eagar family tree, presented by Mark Humphrys on the Web at:
[30] Foster, Joseph (1887), The Royal Lineage of Our Noble And Gentle Families, London.
[31] "Descent from Adam" site, Luke Stevens,
[32] Legend of "Descent from Adam" site, Luke Stevens,
[33] Descendants of Charles I, presented by Mark Humphrys on the Web at:
[34] Descendants of Arthur Gibbon, presented by Mark Humphrys on the Web at:
[35] Ballyseedy House, presented by Mark Humphrys on the Web at:
[36] Humphrys family tree,


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Tomoya Nakagawa, Naoyuki Maeda, Ryo Kosaki, Yuichi Hori, Tomoyuki Inoue, Makoto Saika, Toshifumi Mihashi, Takashi Fujikado, Yasuo Tano; Higher-Order Aberrations Due to the Posterior Corneal Surface in Patients with Keratoconus. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2009;50(6):2660-2665. doi: 10.1167/iovs.08-2754.
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© ARVO (_PHONE_); The Authors (2016-present)
purpose. This study was designed to investigate higher-order aberrations (HOAs) due to the posterior corneal surface in keratoconic eyes compared with normal eyes.
methods. We studied 24 normal and 28 keratoconic eyes. The anterior/posterior corneal heights and pachymetric data were obtained with a rotating Scheimpflug camera. HOAs for 6 mm pupils were calculated from the differences between the height data and the best-fit sphere, using an original program for each corneal surface. The reference axes of the measurements were aligned with the primary line of sight. The HOAs were expanded with normalized Zernike polynomials. For each pair of standard Zernike terms for trefoil, coma, tetrafoil, and secondary astigmatism, one value for the magnitude and axis was calculated by Zernike vector analysis.
results. The mean total corneal HOAs (root mean square [μm]) from the anterior/posterior surfaces were significantly (P < 0.001) higher in keratoconic (4.34/1.09, respectively) than in control eyes (0.46/0.15). The mean magnitude of each Zernike vector terms for trefoil, coma, and spherical aberration from the anterior/posterior surfaces was significantly (P < 0.001) higher in keratoconic (0.77/0.19, 3.57/0.87, −0.44/0.17) than control eyes (0.09/0.04, 0.33/0.07, 0.25/−0.07), respectively. The mean axes by vector calculation for coma due to the anterior (63.6°) and posterior surfaces (241.9°) were in opposite directions.
conclusions. Corneal HOAs on both corneal surfaces in keratoconic eyes were higher than in control eyes. Coma from the posterior surface compensated partly for that from the anterior surface. Residual irregular astigmatism in patients with keratoconus wearing rigid gas permeable contact lenses can be estimated by measuring the HOA from the posterior corneal surface.
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Wired 2013 Video: Natalie Jeremijenko
Natalie Jeremijenko
Natalie JeremijenkoNate Lanxon / Canon 5D MkIII
Natalie Jeremijenko wants us to reimagine our relationship with food by kissing frogs, drinking St John's Wort-dosed cola and listening to mussels sing.
Speaking at Wired 2013, the visual artist, engineer, neuroscientist and ecologist explained that we should be redirecting our enthusiasm for the food movement by ensuring we aim to increase biodiversity and improve environmental health, while making tasty dishes.
"There are some popular misconceptions around reimagining food and food systems," she said. "I run a clinic that treats health as an environmental issue and environment as a health issue. I've developed a spin out organisation from the clinic known as the Farmacy, which focuses on things that not only reduce food miles and fertilisers and pesticides, but improve environmental health and raises the bar on what the food movement thinks it's doing."
One of the first projects was around getting people to eat flowers. Urban agriculture and vertical gardens are a popular trend, however Jeremijenko says these projects must not compete with rural agriculture but fill the gap the traditional industry cannot. In the city, growing flowers is the best way to improve air quality and increase biodiversity, while producing delicious edibles that are highly perishable and non-distributable.
"Flowers are the most nutrient dense food we know of and helps in the cultural shift we're in midst of. It's not about calories but powerful antioxidants." Flowers contain an abundance of this, while at the same time supporting pollinators. Soon we'll be seeing black pansies draping the exterior of a carpark in Shoreditch, where Jeremijenko has been commissioned to setup a huge display. "Companies can think of it as a banner ad that shows they're improving air quality, increasing biodiversity and supporting pollinators."
The flowers are also being used in Flower Floss, a type of candy floss made with isomalt, a sugar substitute used by diabetics, and a bee pollen that fosters bacterial diversity in the lower gut. It "creates a tasty future and carnivalesque promise of food," says Jeremijenko, while "improving biodiversity in the lower gut and your urban environment".
She's brought this process to her Manufactory, which she describes as a party and assembly line mashup. A spinoff teaches kids how to create the floss and open-source cola, which uses St John's Wort for a buzz and aster flowers as a strong antiviral element. "It's a convivial opportunity to discuss the issues and a radical transparency of what's in your food."
Taking her demonstrations out of the classroom to the public space, Jeremijenko has also setup the Mussel Choir in the East River. Here, sensors tell an automatic soundtrack whether the mussels are open or closed. "It tells us a lot about water quality. When they're open the track is singing, when closed there's a humming, which is less good."
Melding the food classes and lessons taught through public installations is Jeremijenko's Cross Species Adventure club, a supper club with a difference. The Wetkisses, for instancem, are marshmallows injected with lividium, which generates anti-fungal agents. It's what helps frogs and other amphibians fight chytrid fungus, a mass killer of amphibians in our marshlands.
"When we eat it we are inoculated, so it equips you to kiss a frog and protect it from fungus."
It's a synergy between environmental lessons and healthy eating not offered by those trendiest purveyors of the mobile food, slow food or any other movement of the moment.
Latest on wired.co.uk


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CD248 (endosialin) is a stromal cell marker expressed on fibroblasts and pericytes. During liver injury, myofibroblasts are the main source of fibrotic matrix.Objective
To determine the role of CD248 in the development of liver fibrosis in the rodent and human setting.Design
CD248 expression was studied by immunostaining and quantitative PCR in both normal and diseased human and murine liver tissue and isolated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Hepatic fibrosis was induced in CD248−/− and wild-type controls with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) treatment.Results
Expression of CD248 was seen in normal liver of humans and mice but was significantly increased in liver injury using both immunostaining and gene expression assays. CD248 was co-expressed with a range of fibroblast/HSC markers including desmin, vimentin and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in murine and human liver sections. CD248 expression was restricted to isolated primary murine and human HSC. Collagen deposition and α-SMA expression, but not inflammation and neoangiogenesis, was reduced in CD248−/− mice compared with wild-type mice after CCl4 treatment. Isolated HSC from wild-type and CD248−/− mice expressed platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFR-α) and PDGFR-β at similar levels. As expected, PDGF-BB stimulation induced proliferation of wild-type HSC, whereas CD248−/− HSC did not demonstrate a proliferative response to PDGF-BB. Abrogated PDGF signalling in CD248−/− HSC was confirmed by significantly reduced c-fos expression in CD248−/− HSC compared with wild-type HSC.Conclusions
Our data show that deletion of CD248 reduces susceptibility to liver fibrosis via an effect on PDGF signalling, making it an attractive clinical target for the treatment of liver injury.


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Swiss scientists say Europe's recent rapid temperature increase is likely due to an unexpected greenhouse gas: water vapor.
Researchers at the World Radiation Center in Davos, Switzerland, say elevated surface temperatures caused by other greenhouse gases have enhanced water evaporation and contributed to a cycle that stimulates further surface temperature increases.
The scientists say their findings might help answer a long-debated Earth science question about whether the water cycle could strongly enhance greenhouse warming.
The Swiss researchers examined surface radiation measurements from 1995 to 2002 over the Alps in Central Europe and found strongly increasing total surface absorbed radiation, concurrent with rapidly increasing temperatures.
The authors, led by Rolf Philipona of the World Radiation Center, show experimentally that 70 percent of the rapid temperature increase is very likely caused by water vapor feedback. They indicate the remaining 30 percent is likely due to increasing manmade greenhouse gases.
They suggest their observations indicate Europe is experiencing an increasing greenhouse effect and the dominant part of the rising heat emitted from the Earth's atmosphere (longwave radiation) is due to water vapor increase.
The report appears in the journal Geophysical Research Letters.
Copyright 2005 by United Press International
Explore further: Collisions of coronal mass ejections can be super-elastic


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Introduction: Exercise not only benefits physical and cardiovascular function in older adults with multiple chronic conditions but may also improve cognitive function. Peak HR, a physiological indicator for maximal effort, is the most common and practical means of establishing and monitoring exercise intensity. In particular, in the absence of graded maximal exercise test (GXT) results, age-predicted maximal HR values are typically used. Using individuals with stroke as a model for examining older adults with coexisting cardiovascular and neuromotor conditions, the purpose of this article was to examine the determinants associated with achieving age-predicted maximal HR on a GXT, with respect to neurological, cognitive, and lower limb function.
Methods: Forty-seven participants with stroke (age, 67 ± 7 yr; 4 ± 3 yr poststroke (mean ± SD)) performed GXT. The peak values for gas exchange, HR, and RPE were noted. Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine determinants (neurological impairment, leg motor impairment, Montreal Cognitive Assessment score, and walking ability) associated with the ability to achieve age-predicted maximal HR on the GXT.
Results: V˙O2peak was 16.5 ± 6 mL·kg−1·min−1. Fourteen (30%) participants achieved ≥100% of age-predicted maximal HR. Logistic regression modeling revealed that the ability to achieve this threshold was associated with less leg motor impairment (P = 0.02; odds ratio, 2.3) and higher cognitive scores (P = 0.048; odds ratio, 1.3).
Conclusions: These results suggest that noncardiopulmonary factors such as leg motor impairment and cognitive function are important contributors to achieving maximal effort during exercise tests. This study has important implications for poststroke exercise prescription, whereby training intensities that are based on peak HR from GXT may be underestimated among individuals with cognitive and physical impairments.


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Esoteric programming language
An esoteric programming language (ess-oh-terr-ick), or esolang, is a computer programming language designed to experiment with weird ideas, to be hard to program in, or as a joke, rather than for practical use.
There is a small but active Internet community of people creating esoteric programming languages and writing programs in them, as well as debating their computational properties (e.g. if said languages are Turing-complete). Apart from this website there are a couple of other forums where such people meet. See the Community portal for details.
The earliest known deliberately esoteric language is INTERCAL, designed in 1972 by Donald R. Woods and James M. Lyon. Some earlier programming languages were (intentionally or not) esoteric. Now, however, the most popular esoteric languages are probably Brainfuck and Befunge, both from 1993. A large number of the newer esoteric languages are heavily influenced by these two.
The term esoteric was most likely first used in programming context to refer to what is now called esoteric programming languages on Chris Pressey's web site Esoteric Topics in Computer Programming. Later the Befunge Mailing List evolved into the Esoteric Topics Mailing List, and the word entered common use.
See the Timeline of esoteric programming languages for a chronological listing of esoteric programming languages.
There are many different reasons for creating an esoteric programming language. Possibly most indicative of an esolang is that the language is not designed for serious functionality or use, unlike many mainstream programming languages. Beyond that, a few broad categories can be recognized:
A common design goal for esoteric programming languages is to have as few instructions as possible. Brainfuck, OISC, and Lazy K are examples of such languages. These kinds of languages, when they are Turing-complete, are often referred to as Turing tarpits.
Some languages are created mainly for the purpose of being weird and difficult to program in. INTERCAL's main purpose was to be as different as possible compared to normal languages (although there are still many similarities with conventional programming languages), and Malbolge was designed with the goal of being next to impossible to use.
Some languages are based on a theme that is not computer related. For instance, var'aq is based on the fictional Klingon language. Shakespeare programs are modeled like Shakespearean plays, while Chef programs appear to be cooking recipes.
Many esoteric languages are designed to be as short as possible. These languages are known as "Golfing languages", and frequently used for "code golf", a competition to solve programming tasks in as few characters or bytes as possible. Examples include CJam, Pyth, and GolfScript, as well as many others.
Some esoteric languages are intentionally designed to be hard to read (as opposed to being hard to write or to understand). Unreadable is a good example here.
- The Esoteric Programming Language WebRing
- Cat's Eye Technologies: Esoteric Topics in Computer Programming (from the Wayback Machine; retrieved on 9 June 2002)
- Wikipedia article on Esoteric programming languages
- Esoteric programming languages on the C2 Wiki
- Obfuscated programming languages on the open directory project


We live in a fast-paced world, and it's no secret that the way we do business is changing.
With this in mind, Hult's undergraduate curriculum has been redesigned to ensure that every student graduates with much more than just a fundamental knowledge of business. Here, students also learn about the world, the future, and themselves.
We asked Executive Vice President of the Undergraduate Program, Dr. Jannicke Roos, to talk us through the process of redesigning Hult's innovative curriculum.
Jannicke Roos
How was the Bachelor of Business Administration curriculum designed?
We approached this redesign in two ways. Firstly, from the top down, linked to our mission statement. And from the bottom up, based on research that we conducted in collaboration with Burning Glass Technologies on which skills our students will need in the future."
We set out to build a curriculum that fits Hult's mission to be "The most relevant business school in the world."
To prepare our students for the way the world is changing, we focused on three key themes in our design: World. Future. You.
A panel of our expert faculty helped to adapt many of our existing courses, as well as creating entirely new courses across these three themes.
Dr. Jannicke Roos, Executive Vice President of Hult's Undergraduate Program
Why is it so important for a business student to learn about the WORLD?
Business operates on a global scale. Whether you work for a large multinational or a small company, we're all impacted by global trade and interconnected markets.
On the other hand, the culture within businesses is often still distinctly local, as evidenced by some of the unsuccessful business mergers that have fallen apart primarily due to cultural differences.
We prepare our students to understand these global forces, to be able to work in teams from very different cultural backgrounds, and to have the opportunity to gain international exposure by rotating across our campus network. This is something we made sure remained integral to our new design.
What role does the theme of the FUTURE play?
The world is changing rapidly, with new technologies changing the nature of jobs and how entire industries will function.
For example, a recent PwC report forecasts that up to 40% of jobs may be automated by 2030. Likewise, Dell predicts that 85% of jobs in 2030 haven't yet been invented.
Our students will be exposed to the technologies that are disrupting entire industries. Whether it's 3D printing and virtual reality disrupting the healthcare industry or artificial intelligence and machine learning disrupting lots of industries including trade, students will have the opportunity to think critically about the risks and opportunities around these new technologies.
We want to help students embrace change and feel prepared for what the future holds.
How does learning about YOURSELF benefit a business student?
Several studies have shown that self-awareness is key, and that having both soft and technical skills are as valuable as having specific knowledge.
We've made sure that our students learn to reflect on their own strengths and development areas, and that all our courses not only teach our students theory, but also have them practicing what they learn for themselves, with a strong emphasis on skill-building in every single course.
Beyond business
How did the collaboration with Burning Glass influence the curriculum design?
burning glass
In order to understand which skills were most important for our students, we launched a collaboration with Burning Glass Technologies to identify today's most in-demand skills and competencies.
We looked at the top jobs for business grads and analyzed millions of relevant job postings to pinpoint the skills required for these roles.
Based on this research, we developed our own skill framework, so that our faculty can use common terminology and collaborate in how they teach, assess, and give feedback across different skill areas.
This will help students to continue to build on the foundation that they develop in their first exposure to a new skill.
What is the role and purpose of the Universal Education courses?
Our Universal Education courses are an essential part of us being an institution that prides itself on going beyond business to prepare students for the future. The majority of the classes focus on the three core themes of World, Future, and You.
For example, in terms of "world," students are expected to take at least three electives specifically focused on either political economy, global crises, or culture.
On the theme of "future," there are a number of new courses on emerging technologies in our core curriculum, in which students conduct research and think critically about the potential implications of these new technologies.
And when it comes to "you," the curriculum begins with a course called Exploring Self & Society, that focuses on developing self-awareness, a growth mindset, and understanding the local community.
How do the courses both teach and test students' knowledge and skills?
curriculumWe have developed a framework for core skills, based on the research we conducted in collaboration with Burning Glass. We have embedded this throughout our curriculum.
In terms of skills, our students will focus on individual productivity skills—from critical thinking, to research, writing and data analysis, and collaborative productivity skills, such as effective communication and relationship-building.
They will also focus on technical skills and skills specific to their business major.
Can you give an example of when students practice the theory they learn in class?
We invite live clients to participate in our classes and we are particularly excited to have launched one core challenge per year that all our students participate in.
Students learn to pitch an idea in our start-up challenge and then participate in a social impact challenge, where they learn that whether a business is for-profit or not-for-profit, it can still be a force to do good.
Next, they participate in a challenge related to the major that they have chosen to specialize inMarketing, Finance, Entrepreneurship, Accounting, or Management.
And finally, as the capstone to their degree, they can participate in our live-consulting challenge where they help a major corporation solve one of their pressing issues. In the past, we have worked with Unilever, UBS, Amazon Launchpad, Yelp, and McLaren.
How does the Hult Bachelor of Business Administration degree stand apart from the others out there?
Most business schools add knowledge, but don't necessarily transform the individual. We believe in education as transformation.
We want our students to grow, becoming more confident, with both the skills and mindsets to deliver results. We stress the importance of having a growth mindset, and daring to step out of their comfort zone to embrace new challenges and experiences.
By virtue of leaving their home countries to come to Hult, our students have already taken the first step.
"Most business schools add knowledge, but don't necessarily transform the individual. We believe in education as transformation."
Dr. Jannicke Roos, Executive Vice President of Hult's Undergraduate Program
Interested in finding out more about Hult's transformative Bachelor of Business Administration program? Download a brochure.
Kickstart your career with Hult's undergraduate business school. To find out more, take a look at our blog 10 common fears of a new undergraduate. Download a brochure or get in touch today to find out how Hult can help you to learn about the business world, the future, and yourself.


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African child is confronted with lots of challenges such as conflict, neglect, starvation, sexual abuse, inequality, lack of access to education, lack of parental care and their civic rights perpetually denied. 2016 Day of the African Child (DAC) is observe Under the theme "Conflict and Crisis in Africa: Protecting all Children's Rights". In line with the African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (ACERWC) Continental Study on the impact of armed conflict on children is Africa, it is part of the efforts to elevate child protection agenda in conflict situation in Africa as well as a guarantee to protection and preservation of life and well-being of the African children. DAC is commemorated every year on 16th of June. Like every year, this year (DAC) present us with an ample opportunity not only for sober reflection against the myriads of child's challenges, but to also focus on the work of all actors committed to the rights of children on the continent in order to consolidate their efforts in addressing the obstacles for realising these rights.
YEF, as an active member of Child Protection Network (CPN) in Nigeria, is involved in a media briefing organised by the Lagos State Ministry of Women Affairs (WAPA) at the Lagos State Television Ikeja, in commemoration of the International Day of African Child 2016. Let's _TAG_#


Flow rule "Drop (No L2 policy match)"
Article ID: 168123
Updated On:
This Article shows that under certain circumstances the "normal" traffic can be seen as dropped by NPM.Apparently normal, legitimate traffic flows between a range of sources and destinations fail. The flow table indicates that they are DROPped for the following reason:
Drop (No L2 policy match)
It may also be observed that a test ping will work intermittently, and a TCP sessions will manage a SYN/ACK.
The issue can be caused by a scenario where due to some misbehaviour in the adjacent network, packets are presented to the Crossbeam on more than one interface. This will result in the NPM correctly detecting anomalous behaviour and blocking the flow. However the manner in which it communicates this to the operator is far from obvious.
Such a scenario will result in the DROP rule (seen via a "show flow active") being installed with reason "No L2 policy match".
Additionally, the drop rule will typically time out quickly, and then the next presentation of the anomalous packets will result in its reinstatement. This explains the intermittent pattern seen, where one ping will work, then several fail, then one works again, etc.
The only method to determine beyond doubt that packets are being presented at multiple interfaces is to trace traffic at the NPM level and observe the packets. Note that APM tracing will not suffice (the packets do not make it as far as the APM, due to being dropped).