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highly endothermic (energy consuming) calcination reaction of CaCO3 and MgCO3 explains the increases in energy consumption with higher content of these oxides.
The Residual Energy depends on the Al2O3 content of the clinker, the combined (hydrate) water content and the type of clay component in the kiln feed. This combined water content depends on whether the clay component consists of the clay minerals kaolinite, montmorillonite or illite. If the amount of hydrated water and the type of clay is not known then the Residual Energy is calculated by:
Residual Energy = 1720xAl2O3
I.e. Al2O3 content increases thermal energy consumption. If the amount of hydrated water is known, but not the type of clay then the Residual Energy is calculated by:
Residual Energy = 120xAl2O3 + 5520xH2O
If the type of clay is known, but not the amount of hydrated water then the Residual Energy is calculated by:
Residual Energy = 2220x(Al2O3)Kaolinite + 1310x(Al2O3)Montmorillonite +1640x(Al2O3)Illite
If the amount of hydrated water and the type of clay are known then the Residual Energy is calculated by:
Residual Energy = 1400x(Al2O3)Kaolinite+ 620x(Al2O3)Montmorillonite+ 760x(Al2O3)Illite+2450xH2O
One the most important contributions of this formula is its recognition of the importance of the clay raw material mineralogy in determining the energy consumed in clinker formation. However, a weaknesses is not making any distinction between the types of silica present in the kiln feed. The SiO2 present as quartz in the kiln feed is recognised to have a significant effect on the burnability of the kiln feed.
As the wet process of cement clinker manufacture has been phased out due to its high thermal energy consumption, clay minerals are now less common as the source of SiO2 and Al2O3 in kiln feed raw mix.
H. Zur Strassen's method presumes that the entire Al2O3 content of the kiln feed derives from kaolinite, montmorillonite and illite.
The importance of the quartz content of the kiln feed is recognised in the F.L. Smidth burnability formula:
Q45 is the quartz content of the kiln feed residue on a 45μ sieve.
C125 is the calcite content of the kiln feed residue on a 125μ sieve.
R45 is the content of other insoluble minerals in the kiln feed residue on a 45μ sieve.
Of course, this equation does not provide an estimate of the energy consumption of clinker formation, rather it provides a prediction of the relative "burnability" of a kiln feed, i.e. the residual free lime after heating to 1400°C under controlled conditions. However, F.L. Smidth have developed a method of predicting the energy of clinker formation based on "first principles". This method is based on the average thermodynamic values of well characterised, common minerals.
The F.L.S. method considers the formation of clinker as taking place in two distinct steps:
1- First all the raw minerals are decomposed (oxidised) to pure oxides in their most stable state at 25°C, and gaseous products such as CO2 and H2O.
2- Then the pure oxides are combined to form the clinker minerals, alite, belite, etc, and minor constituents of clinker such as MgO and mixed alkali-calcium sulphates.
Thermodynamically it does not matter that pure SiO2 or Al2O3 are never formed in the cement kiln. If specified reactants are converted to specified products, the total heat of reaction or enthalpy change will be the same, irrespective of the sequence of reactions, or intermediate products formed. The exothermic energy release when the clinker minerals are formed in step 2 is accurately known. The endothermic energy consumed when calcium and magnesium carbonate are converted to their constituent oxides in step 1 is also accurately known.
The main source of uncertainty in estimating the heat of clinker formation is in the conversion of non-carbonate components of the raw mix to their pure oxides, i.e. the SiO2 and Al2O3 bearing minerals.
Zur Strassen proposed that the non-carbonate components was made up of a mixture of the kaolinite, montmorillonite and illite clay minerals, but this is often not the case with modern dry process raw mixes, also, analysing the raw mix to quantitatively determine the quantities of these clay minerals present is difficult. The chemical formulae and enthalpies for decomposition of these minerals to pure oxides are not accurately defined.
The major contribution of the FLS methodology is its approach to clarifying this uncertainty as to the energy required for the conversion of the non-carbonate components of the raw mix to their pure oxides. While the enthalpies of formation of kaolinite, montmorillonite and illite may not be precisely known, there are alumino-silicate minerals, in combination with various other oxides (K2O, Na2O, CaO, MgO, etc.) whose enthalpies of formation are well established.
The proposition in the FLS methodology is that the difference between these enthalpies of formation and the enthalpies of formation of the pure oxides is determined by the energy required to remove the other oxides from the acidic silica in the minerals.
remove from the SiO2 in the mineral, increasing the heat of formation of clinker. Al2O3 and Fe2O3 are much weaker bases and therefore easier to remove from the SiO2 in the raw minerals and have little effect on the energy of clinker formation.
Assessing the energy consumed in the decomposition of the raw minerals starts with the chemical analysis of the raw mix:
When CO2 is in excess of CaO, then:
%CaCO = %CaO * 100.08/56.08.
If CaO is in excess of CO2 then the excess CaO is presumed to be combined in the clay minerals and % CaCO3 = %CO2*100.08/44. The molar ratio of the excess CO2 to MgO is then calculated.
%Excess CO2/44 to %MgO/40.3 0.0273% to 0.0274% in this case.
If MgO is in excess of CO2 then the excess MgO is again presumed to be combined in the clay minerals. With CO2 in excess of MgO:
%MgCO3 =.%MgO * 84.3/40.3
With MgO in excess of CO2 :
%MgCO3 = %Excess CO2 * 84.3/44
These calculations yield a mineral composition for the CaO and MgO in the raw mix.
These are the minerals, along with the total alkalis, which consume the energy in the decomposition of the raw minerals. The percentages of each of these minerals are multiplied by their conversion factor in kJ/kg/% to give the heat of decomposition. The thermal energy consumption for clinker formation then depends on the fuel ash contribution to the clinker and the raw mix to clinker factor.
Meaning that (1-0.0287 = 0.9713)kg/kg clinker derives from the raw mix. However, 35.83% of the raw mix will be lost on ignition in the kiln as CO2 and H2O, therefore: Raw Mix kg/kg clinker = (1-0.0287)/(1-0.3583) = 1.514
This is the factor which is used to calculate the thermal energy consumption for clinker formation.
The energy required for clinker mineral formation is then calculated by multiplying the clinker CaO, SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 contents by coefficients. The coefficients are applied to the oxide composition of the clinker, but the heat evolution is associated with the formation of C2S, C3A and C4AF. The formation of C3S from C2S and CaO absorbs some heat energy, hence the positive coefficient applied to the CaO content.
First energy absorbed in step 1, decomposition of the raw minerals to their oxides, is then added to the heat evolved in step 2, formation of the clinker minerals, to arrive at the overall heat of clinker formation:
This overall energy for clinker formation lies in the middle of the range of 1630~1840 kJ/kg clinker which has been observed in practice. This FLS approach is good because it allows the heat of clinker formation to be calculated from the raw mix composition without needing to identify the exact non-carbonate minerals present. However, it does not explain the observed impact of the SiO2 mineral form on the burnability.
In fact as SiO2 in quartz is not associated with any CaO, MgO, K2O or Na2O the methodology calculates a lower heat of clinker formation if the SiO2 is present as quartz. The impact of quartz on the burnability of raw mix is reduced by finer grinding and changing the granulometry of the raw mix. Thermodynamic considerations alone are insufficient for explaining burnability or heat of clinker formation.


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It is a good thing to enourage kids to write novels. The goal they want is that kids would try to write a 175 page novel. They want the novel to have 50,000 words in it. This would be a great accomplishment for kids to do in there lives.
If i were to write I would write a sports book. It would be about the chalenges that pros face to become a great athelete. It would probobly be based on Micheal Jordan. I would like to join this to help get kids involved in writing. It helps kids to learn how to write good aswell. This is also a good idea for increasing your vocab.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Environmental Science, homework help
Strategic plan research Johns Hopkins Medicine Strategic Plan, health and medicine homework help
September 13, 2021
HCM307 Colorado Technical University Patient Empowerment Discussion
September 13, 2021
1.) Define "environment" in your own words. Be sure to include the terms biotic and abiotic in your answer. Identify four biotic biosphere components and four abiotic biosphere components in your current environment.
2.)Differentiate between the "conservation ethic" and the "preservation ethic." Be sure to identify one person associated with each in your answer.
3.)Explain the idea of environmental justice and give one example of an environmental justice issue.
4.)Differentiate between anthropocentrism, biocentrism, and ecocentrism.
5.)Describe a negative feedback loop and a positive feedback loop using your own words. Which type of feedback loop is seen most often in nature?
6.)Thoroughly explain Garrett Hardin's tragedy of the commons.
7.)Thoroughly describe the first and second laws of thermodynamics. Be sure to use the word "entropy' in your description. Which law explains becoming sweaty after exercising?
8.)Thoroughly explain what it means to say that energy flows through an ecosystem while nutrients are cycled within an ecosystem.
9.)Explain how human activity has altered the global carbon cycle. Why is the alteration of the carbon cycle in this way a concern?
10.)Use your own words to thoroughly describe the electron movement in a single covalent bond.
Must be cited in APA format. Minimum 75 words and referenced from the text book
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Some social and literary aspects in Zambian popular music : The case of Serenje Kalindula band
Sichinga, Willy Geas
MetadataShow full item record
The research was on some social and literary aspects of popular music in Zambia, giving a case study of Serenje Kalindula Band and the Kalindula genre. Kalindula music became popularized in the late 1970's when the electric guitar and other Western instruments were introduced to enhance it. Kalindula popular music flourished given the political environment that existed under the rule of the first Republican President Dr. Kenneth Kaunda who made a policy that Zambia national broadcasting corporation (ZNBC) was to play 95% of Zambian music on both Television and Radio. From this background, the author aimed to investigate some social and literary aspects that characterized this kind of popular music. Also the critical role of people like Alick Nkhata and their contribution to the popular music in Zambia was examined. This was important because most of the previous studies in music centred on tradition music. Furthermore, this research was to specifically review aspects of value, function, theme as well as other literally studies in the selected song texts of the Kalindula popular genre. To successfully conduct the research, the author was informed by both primary and secondary sources. For instance, published works from libraries were consulted. Also, Newspapers like the Post made weekly publications of music reviews which proved very helpful to the research. The Internet rendered valuable information in the study of Zambian popular music especially the interviews carried over it involving personalities like Chisha Folotiya. Chisha Folotiya is proprietor of Mondo Music Corporation, a recording company in Zambian popular music. The author equally conducted interviews with different people and as was found appropriate. One such interview was that done in Mufulira with one surviving and founder member of Serenje Kalindula Band, Wisdom 'Destroyer' Nkandu. As a resident of Serenje district, where the Serenje Kalindula Band had its ethnic inclination, the author through participatory observation gained insights into cultural values of Kalindula music among the natives of Serenje and Mkushi. Tapes by Serenje Kalindula Band were vital in transcribing song texts on which the research was based. Descriptive approach was used to write the research report. The research revealed a number of trends that characterized Zambian popular music, especially Kalindula genre under study. Revelations hinted on social and literally aspects of Kalindula popular music. For instance, the music was shown to express feelings and attitudes towards the economic and social crisis experienced by Zambians at that time. Serenje Kalindula Band composed songs to sing about these bad times and urged government and political leadership to alleviate the suffering of the Zambian citizenry. Also, both the music and dance point to the ethno music of the Lala people of Serenje and Mkushi districts. The literally aspects were found to characterize African sang poetry. This is poetry composed in free verse and is repetitive. The investigation showed that Kalindula popular music competed well as national music. The popular genre proved relevant to the Zambian society and depicted literature as it pertains to society. Among the recommendations is the need for the government to support old guards of Zambian popular music like Wisdom Destroyer Nkandu, the only surviving member of Serenje Kalindula Band, in their quest to propagate to the youth and the nation at large Kalindula as a popular genre. This would be necessary so that cultural values in the nation continue to be upheld.


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Deploying software updates on several workstations one at a time can be a time-consuming procedure. Automated deployment utilities should be used to save time and make it possible automatically by starting a download on selected systems. Also, this is a very safe method to monitor and manage the software. So, would you like to know how to deploy updates on several systems at once? Then here are the directions given below, read them carefully:
Deploy Individual Updates
- Firstly, invoke the 'Patch Manager Administrator Console' option.
- Thereafter, select the Enterprise option.
- You should click on the 'Update Services' option.
- Then choose the 'WSUS Server' option.
- Go to the Updates option and click on it.
- When you have done that, you will be capable of seeing four choices that are considered for ease.
- You have to choose whatever update type you would like to deploy and choose an update through the list.
- Select the update, and right-click on it, then choose the option of 'Update Management' via the drop-down menu.
- Go to the first screen, and you will be capable of selecting the machine behavior.
- Once you finish the update, reboot the system, then choose the OK button.
- Later, you have to add the computer, laptops, or other devices to which the update is to be deployed.
- Select the option of Add Computer given.
- Afterward, give the needed info and choose the Add button.
- It will add the system to the list. In case you would like to add additional systems and then choose the Next option.
- You should schedule the updates deployment to occur daily, monthly, or weekly.
- If it all according to the requirements, choose the Finish option.
- Now, you can see the detailed update summary. In case you would like you to modify anything, select the Back option. If not, select the Finish option.
Deploy Updates Based on Certain Criteria
- Once again, launch the 'Patch Manager Administrator Console.'
- After that, expand the Enterprise option.
- Then choose the Update Services option and then select 'WSUS Server.'
- You should click on the Computers and Groups option.
- Go to the 'All Computers' categories.
- Thereafter, click on the machines group or a system and right-click on the screen.
- Then choose the option of 'Update Management Wizard.'
- You have to choose a rule already present on the list or specify your criteria.
- Select the lower option then choose the Next option.
- If you want to add the rule, select the 'Add Rule' option, and choose the option for the need.
- When you have defined and set your own rules, select the Next option.
- Thereafter, you will be capable of arranging after and before the machine update behavior with few other choices.
- You should select the button of Finish.
- Navigate to the next screen, and you have to choose the system again then select the Next button.
- Later, you will be capable of scheduling the task to happen on a daily, monthly or weekly basis whether you would like to.
- Now, choose the button of Next.
- Finally, you will be given a task overview, including information about the task.
- When you have done, select the Finish option.
Elisa Wilson is an avid technical blogger, a magazine contributor, a publisher of guides at _URL_ and a professional cyber security analyst. Through her writing, she aims to educate people about the dangers and threats lurking in the digital world.


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produced an extensive series of paintings of clouds, such as Above the Clouds I, 1962/1963. These were inspired by her views from the windows of airplanes. Below is an external link to a color image of one of these aerial cloudscape canvases.
O'Keeffe met photographer Todd Webb in the 1940s, and after his move to New Mexico in 1961, he often made photographs of her, as did numerous other important American photographers, who consistently presented O'Keeffe as a "loner, a severe figure and self-made person." While O'Keeffe was known to have a "prickly personality", Webb's photographs portray her with a kind of "quietness and calm" suggesting a relaxed friendship, and revealing new contours of O'Keeffe's character.
In 1962, O'Keeffe was elected to the fifty-member American Academy of Arts and Letters. She was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1966. In the fall of 1970, the Whitney Museum of American Art mounted the Georgia O'Keeffe Retrospective Exhibition, the first retrospective exhibition of her work in New York since 1946, the year Stieglitz died. This exhibit did much to revive her public career.
Later years and death
In 1972, O'Keeffe's eyesight was compromised by macular degeneration, leading to the loss of central vision and leaving her with only peripheral vision. She stopped oil painting without assistance in 1972, but continued working in pencil and charcoal until 1984. Juan Hamilton, a young potter, appeared at her ranch house in 1973 looking for work. She hired him for a few odd jobs and soon employed him full-time. He became her closest confidante, companion, and business manager until her death. Hamilton taught O'Keeffe to work with clay, and working with assistance, she produced clay pots and a series of works in watercolor. In 1976, she wrote a book about her art and allowed a film to be made about her in 1977. On January 10, 1977, President Gerald R. Ford presented O'Keeffe with the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest honor awarded to American citizens. In 1985, she was awarded the National Medal of Arts.
O'Keeffe became increasingly frail in her late 90s. She moved to Santa Fe in 1984, where she died on March 6, 1986, at the age of 98. In accordance with her wishes, her body was cremated and her ashes were scattered to the wind at the top of Pedernal Mountain, over her beloved "faraway".
|Life and Artwork of Georgia O'Keeffe, the Georgia O'Keeffe Museum (11:00), C-SPAN|
Following O'Keeffe's death, her family contested her will because codicils made to it in the 1980s had left all of her estate to Hamilton. The case was ultimately settled out of court in July 1987. The case became famous as case law in estate planning. A substantial part of her estate's assets were transferred to the Georgia O'Keeffe Foundation, which dissolved in 2006, leaving these assets to the Georgia O'Keeffe Museum, established in Santa Fe in 1997 to perpetuate O'Keeffe's artistic legacy. These assets included a large body of her work, photographs, archival materials, and her Abiquiu house, library, and property. The Georgia O'Keeffe Home and Studio in Abiquiu was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1998 and is now owned by the Georgia O'Keeffe Museum.
In 2006, a fossilized species of archosaur was named after O'Keeffe. Blocks originally quarried in 1947 and 1948 near O'Keeffe's home at Ghost Ranch were opened fifty years after being collected. The fossil strongly resembles ornithomimid dinosaurs, but are actually more closely related to crocodiles. The specimen was named Effigia okeeffeae ("O'Keeffe's Ghost") in January 2006, "in honor of Georgia O'Keeffe for her numerous paintings of the badlands at Ghost Ranch and her interest in the Coelophysis Quarry when it was discovered".
In 1991, the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) aired the American Playhouse production A Marriage: Georgia O'Keeffe and Alfred Stieglitz, starring Jane Alexander as Georgia O'Keeffe and Christopher Plummer as Alfred Stieglitz. Lifetime Television produced a biopic of Georgia O'Keeffe premiering on September 19, 2009, starring Joan Allen as O'Keeffe, Jeremy Irons as Alfred Stieglitz, Henry Simmons as Jean Toomer, Ed Begley, Jr. as Stieglitz's brother Lee, and Tyne Daly as Mabel Dodge Luhan.
- O'Keeffe, Georgia, Georgia O'Keeffe, New York: Viking Press, 1976. ISBN 0-670-33710-2
- O'Keeffe, Georgia, Some Memories of Drawings, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1988. ISBN 978-0-8263-1113-9
- Lovingly, Georgia: The Complete Correspondence of Georgia O'Keeffe & Anita Pollitzer (ed C.Giboire).Touchstone Books 1990 ISBN 978-0-671-69236-0
- Giboire, Clive, ed. Lovingly, Georgia: The Complete Correspondence of Georgia O'Keeffe & Anita Pollitzer. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1990. ISBN 978-0-671-69237-2
- Greenough, Sarah, ed. My Faraway One: Selected Letters of Georgia O'Keeffe and Alfred Stieglitz: Volume One, _PHONE_. Annotated edition. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2011. ISBN 978-0-300-16630-9
See also
- Asbury, Edith Evans (March 7, 1986). "Obituary: Georgia O' Keeffe Dead at 98; Shaper of Modern Art in U.S.". The New York Times. Retrieved 2010-06-13.
- "Life and Artwork of Georgia O'Keeffe". C-SPAN. January 9, 2013. Retrieved March 14, 2013.
- "Birthplace of artist Georgia O'Keeffe".
- "Birth Record Details". Wisconsin Historical Society. Retrieved 2009-07-23.
- Robinson, Roxana (1999), Georgia O'Keeffe: A Life, UPNE, p. 6, ISBN 0-87451-906-3
- Roberts, Norma J., ed. (1988), The American Collections, Columbus Museum of Art, p. 76, ISBN 0-8109-1811-0
- "Dead Rabbit with Copper Pot". Retrieved 2012-06-14.
- "City of Amarillo,Texas".
- "City of Canyon, Texas".
- Lynes, Barbara (1989). O'Keeffe, Stieglitz and the Critics, _PHONE_. Ann Arbor, Michigan: UMI Research Press. pp. 55–56. ISBN 0-8357-1930-8.
- Roxana Robinson, Georgia O'Keeffe: A Life. University Press of New England, 1989. p. 193. ISBN 0-87451-906-3
- Birmingham Museum of Art (2010). Birmingham Museum of Art : guide to the collection. [Birmingham, Ala]: Birmingham Museum of Art. p. 144. ISBN 978-1-904832-77-5.
- Saville, Jennifer (1990), Georgia O'Keeffe: Paintings of Hawai'i, Honolulu: Honolulu Academy of Arts, p. 13
- Jennings, Patricia & Maria Ausherman, Georgia O'Keeffe's Hawai'i, Koa Books, Kihei, Hawaii, 2011, p. 3
- Severson, Don R. (2002), Finding Paradise: Island Art in Private Collections, University of Hawaii Press, p. 119
- Tony Perrottet (November 30, 2012), O'Keeffe's Hawaii New York Times.
- Severson 2002, p. 128.
- Maurer, Rachel. "The D. H. Lawrence Ranch". University of New Mexico. Retrieved 15 September 2009.
- "Rotating O'Keeffe exhibit". Fort Worth, Texas: National Cowgirl Museum and Hall of Fame. 2010.
- "Her Story and Her Work" by Bill Long, 6/29/07.
- Porter's photograph, Eroded Clay and Rock Flakes, Black Place, New Mexico, July 20, 1953, on cartermuseum.org, in the Amon Carter Museum Eliot Porter Collection Retrieved 16 June 2010
- "O'Keeffe - "the faraway" continued (history)". 2000.
- Kilian, Michael (August 1, 2002). "Santa Fe exhibit paints a different picture of O

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Review: rehabilitation improves exercise capacity and alleviates shortness of breath in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Q In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), does rehabilitation (extremity or respiratory muscle exercise) increase exercise capacity and alleviate shortness of breath?
Medline (1966–2000), CINAHL (1990–2000), the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, abstracts presented at national meetings (American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society), and bibliographies of relevant articles.
Study selection and assessment:
randomised controlled trials (RCTs) (published in any language) that involved patients with obstructive lung disease (forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1] <70% of predicted value or FEV1/forced vital capacity <70% of predicted value) and symptoms of impaired exercise capacity; evaluated any type of rehabilitation (upper or lower extremity, or respiratory muscle exercise) provided 3 times a week for ⩾4 weeks; and measured relevant outcomes.
exercise capacity (walking test) and shortness of breath (Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire). Effect sizes were calculated as the mean difference in change from baseline scores between the intervention and control groups divided by the combined standard deviation of the difference.
20 RCTs (n = 999) met the selection criteria. Meta-analyses were done using a random effects model. Improvement from baseline in exercise capacity was greater in the rehabilitation group than in the control group (table). Alleviation of shortness of breath was greater in the rehabilitation groups than in the control groups (table). Subgroup analysis of RCTs that evaluated at least lower extremity training also showed that improvement in exercise capacity (18 RCTs) and alleviation of shortness of breath (11 RCTs) were greater in the rehabilitation group than the control group (p values <0.05). Subgroup analysis of RCTs that evaluated only respiratory muscle training showed that the groups did not differ for any outcomes.
In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, rehabilitation (using at least lower extremity muscle exercise) improves exercise capacity and alleviates shortness of breath.
- Judith L Reishtein, RN, PhD
The meta-analysis by Salman et al used an extensive search strategy to identify studies and searched a wide range of sources. Sensitivity analyses were done to determine whether study size, quality, or the different models for aggregating studies (ie, fixed v random effects models) influenced the outcomes. The outcomes proved robust to these analyses.
Patients with COPD had improved dyspnoea and exercise capacity after pulmonary rehabilitation. A previous meta-analysis reached a similar conclusion.1 However, the review by Salman et al has added value for clinicians because it also analysed the effects of pulmonary rehabilitation by disease severity, type of exercise programme, and length of programme. The criteria used for classification of COPD are widely recognised, and the rehabilitation programmes are typical to those generally used. Thus, the findings of this review should be broadly applicable. The authors concluded that effective programmes would use "at least" lower extremity exercise and that rehabilitation programmes for severe COPD should be ⩾6 months long. Most programmes included upper extremity exercise in tandem with lower extremity exercise, and therefore no judgments could be made about the effects of purely upper extremity or respiratory exercise.
Upper extremity exercise can be difficult for patients with COPD, and therefore at least lower extremity exercises should be prescribed. Future studies should investigate whether upper extremity exercise or respiratory exercise is beneficial. In addition, studies should investigate the effect of rehabilitation on function of patients with COPD in daily life. There is a paucity of research on this question.
For correspondence: Dr G F Salman, Austin Diagnostic Clinic, Austin, TX, USA.
Sources of funding: no external funding.


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Welding Fundamentals and Processes
Arc Welding Process Control
This article provides an overview of the methods used to control aspects of the arc welding process and research associated with the development of closed-loop feedback control of the process. Successful implementation of a closed-loop feedback control system requires sensing, modeling, and control. The article describes the commonly applied sensing techniques for arc welding control: arc sensing and nonimaging and imaging optics. It reviews the physics-based, empirically-derived, and neural network models for arc welding control. The article also discusses the research and development activities that attempt to extend the commercial, welding process controllers, namely, adaptive control, intelligent control, multivariable control, and distributed, hierarchical control.
Daniel A. Hartman, George E. Cook, R. Bruce Madigan, David R. DeLapp, 2011. "Arc Welding Process Control", Welding Fundamentals and Processes, T. Lienert, T. Siewert, S. Babu, V. Acoff
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ASM Reference Publications Catalog
The new Fall / Winter 2019-2020 Catalog features more than 200 new and upcoming releases and our popular best-selling titles. Save now with prepublication pricing and set sales.


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Human sound localization of speech stimuli was tested using an accurate head-pointing task in three sound conditions: (i) broadband (22 Hz to 16 kHz); (ii) low-pass (22 Hz to 8 kHz); (iii) spectrally-smeared broadband. The experiments were conducted in virtual auditory space (VAS) so that reduced frequency selectivity (a consequence of cochlear hearing loss that has effects similar to spectral smearing) could be simulated in normally-hearing listeners. Broadband noise localization provided a control. Results show that broadband speech is not localized as accurately as broadband noise and that there is a significant reduction in localization accuracy for both the low-pass and spectrally-smeared sound conditions. The data show that accurate high-frequency spectral information is important for speech localization.
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Split index APIedit
Splits an existing index into a new index with more primary shards.
POST /my-index-000001/_split/split-my-index-000001
 "settings": {
 "index.number_of_shards": 2
POST //_split/
PUT //_split/
 - If the Elasticsearch security features are enabled, you must have the manage index privilege for the index.
 - Before you can split an index:
 - The index must be read-only.
 - The cluster health status must be green.
You can do make an index read-only with the following request:
PUT /my_source_index/_settings
 "settings": {
 "index.blocks.write": true
Prevents write operations to this index while still allowing metadata changes like deleting the index.
The current write index on a data stream cannot be split. In order to split the current write index, the data stream must first be rolled over so that a new write index is created and then the previous write index can be split.
The split index API allows you to split an existing index into a new index, where each original primary shard is split into two or more primary shards in the new index.
The number of times the index can be split (and the number of shards that each original shard can be split into) is determined by the index.number_of_routing_shards setting. The number of routing shards specifies the hashing space that is used internally to distribute documents across shards with consistent hashing. For instance, a 5 shard index with number_of_routing_shards set to 30 (5 x 2 x 3) could be split by a factor of 2 or 3. In other words, it could be split as follows:
 - 51030 (split by 2, then by 3)
 - 51530 (split by 3, then by 2)
 - 530 (split by 6)
index.number_of_routing_shards is a static index setting. You can only set index.number_of_routing_shards at index creation time or on a closed index.
Index creation example
The following create index API creates the my-index-000001 index with an index.number_of_routing_shards setting of 30.
PUT /my-index-000001
 "settings": {
 "index": {
 "number_of_routing_shards": 30
The index.number_of_routing_shards setting's default value depends on the number of primary shards in the original index. The default is designed to allow you to split by factors of 2 up to a maximum of 1024 shards. However, the original number of primary shards must taken into account. For instance, an index created with 5 primary shards could be split into 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320, or a maximum of 640 shards (with a single split action or multiple split actions).
If the original index contains one primary shard (or a multi-shard index has been shrunk down to a single primary shard), then the index may by split into an arbitrary number of shards greater than 1. The properties of the default number of routing shards will then apply to the newly split index.
How splitting worksedit
A split operation:
 1. Creates a new target index with the same definition as the source index, but with a larger number of primary shards.
 2. Hard-links segments from the source index into the target index. (If the file system doesn't support hard-linking, then all segments are copied into the new index, which is a much more time consuming process.)
 3. Hashes all documents again, after low level files are created, to delete documents that belong to a different shard.
 4. Recovers the target index as though it were a closed index which had just been re-opened.
Why doesn't Elasticsearch support incremental resharding?edit
Going from N shards to N+1 shards, aka. incremental resharding, is indeed a feature that is supported by many key-value stores. Adding a new shard and pushing new data to this new shard only is not an option: this would likely be an indexing bottleneck, and figuring out which shard a document belongs to given its _id, which is necessary for get, delete and update requests, would become quite complex. This means that we need to rebalance existing data using a different hashing scheme.
The most common way that key-value stores do this efficiently is by using consistent hashing. Consistent hashing only requires 1/N-th of the keys to be relocated when growing the number of shards from N to N+1. However Elasticsearch's unit of storage, shards, are Lucene indices. Because of their search-oriented data structure, taking a significant portion of a Lucene index, be it only 5% of documents, deleting them and indexing them on another shard typically comes with a much higher cost than with a key-value store. This cost is kept reasonable when growing the number of shards by a multiplicative factor as described in the above section: this allows Elasticsearch to perform the split locally, which in-turn allows to perform the split at the index level rather than reindexing documents that need to move, as well as using hard links for efficient file copying.
In the case of append-only data, it is possible to get more flexibility by creating a new index and pushing new data to it, while adding an alias that covers both the old and the new index for read operations. Assuming that the old and new indices have respectively M and N shards, this has no overhead compared to searching an index that would have M+N shards.
Split an indexedit
To split my_source_index into a new index called my_target_index, issue the following request:
POST /my_source_index/_split/my_target_index
 "settings": {
 "index.number_of_shards": 2
The above request returns immediately once the target index has been added to the cluster state — it doesn't wait for the split operation to start.
Indices can only be split if they satisfy the following requirements:
 - the target index must not exist
 - The source index must have fewer primary shards than the target index.
 - The node handling the split process must have sufficient free disk space to accommodate a second copy of the existing index.
The _split API is similar to the create index API and accepts settings and aliases parameters for the target index:
POST /my_source_index/_split/my_target_index
 "settings": {
 "index.number_of_shards": 5
 "aliases": {
 "my_search_indices": {}
The number of shards in the target index. This must be a multiple of the number of shards in the source index.
Mappings may not be specified in the _split request.
Monitor the split processedit
The split process can be monitored with the _cat recovery API, or the cluster health API can be used to wait until all primary shards have been allocated by setting the wait_for_status parameter to yellow.
The _split API returns as soon as the target index has been added to the cluster state, before any shards have been allocated. At this point, all shards are in the state unassigned. If, for any reason, the target index can't be allocated, its primary shard will remain unassigned until it can be allocated on that node.
Once the primary shard is allocated, it moves to state initializing, and the split process begins. When the split operation completes, the shard will become active. At that point, Elasticsearch will try to allocate any replicas and may decide to relocate the primary shard to another node.
Wait for active shardsedit
Because the split operation creates a new index to split the shards to, the wait for active shards setting on index creation applies to the split index action as well.
Path parametersedit
(Required, string) Name of the source index to split.
(Required, string) Name of the target index to create.
Index names must meet the following criteria:
 - Lowercase only
 - Cannot include \, /, *,?, ", <, >, |, ' ' (space character),,, #
 - Indices prior to 7.0 could contain a colon (:), but that's been deprecated and won't be supported in 7.0+
 - Cannot start with -, _, +
 - Cannot be. or..
 - Cannot be longer than 255 bytes (note it is bytes, so multi-byte characters will count towards the 255 limit faster)
 - Names starting with. are deprecated, except for hidden indices and internal indices managed by plugins
Query parametersedit
(Optional, string) The number of shard copies that must be active before proceeding with the operation. Set to all or any positive integer up to the total number of shards in the index (number_of_replicas+1). Default: 1, the primary shard.
See Active shards.
(Optional, time units) Period to wait for a response. If no response is received before the timeout expires, the request fails and returns an error. Defaults to 30s.
Request bodyedit
(Optional, alias object) Index aliases which include the target index. Index alias names support date math.
(Optional, index setting object) Configuration options for the target index. See Index Settings.


text:
Square Root of 439
In this article we're going to calculate the square root of 439 and explore what the square root is and answer some of the common questions you might. We'll also look at the different methods for calculating the square root of 439 (both with and without a computer/calculator).
Square Root of 439 Definition
In mathematical form we can show the square root of 439 using the radical sign, like this: √439. This is usually referred to as the square root of 439 in radical form.
So what is the square root? In this case, the square root of 439 is the quantity (which we will call q) that when multiplied by itself, will equal 439.
√439 = q × q = q2
Is 439 a Perfect Square?
In math, we refer to 439 being a perfect square if the square root of 439 is a whole number.
In this case, as we will see in the calculations below, we can see that 439 is not a perfect square.
To find out more about perfect squares, you can read about them and look at a list of 1000 of them in our What is a Perfect Square? article.
Is The Square Root of 439 Rational or Irrational?
A common question is to ask whether the square root of 439 is rational or irrational. Rational numbers can be written as a fraction and irrational numbers cannot.
A quick way to check this is to see if 439 is a perfect square. If it is, then it is a rational number. If it's not a perfect square then it's an irrational number.
We already know if 439 is a perfect square so we also can see that √439 is an irrational number.
Can the Square Root of 439 Be Simplified?
439 can be simplified only if you can make 439 inside the radical symbol smaller. This is a process that is called simplifying the surd. In this example square root of 439 cannot be simplified.
√439 is already in its simplest radical form.
How to Calculate The Square Root of 439 with a Calculator
If you have a calculator then the simplest way to calculate the square root of 439 is to use that calculator. On most calculators you can do this by typing in 439 and then pressing the √x key. You should get the following result:
√439 ≈ 20.9523
How to Calculate the Square Root of 439 with a Computer
On a computer you can also calculate the square root of 439 using Excel, Numbers, or Google Sheets and the SQRT function, like so:
SQRT(439) ≈ 20.952326839757
What is the Square Root of 439 Rounded?
Sometimes you might need to round the square root of 439 down to a certain number of decimal places. Here are the solutions to that, if needed.
10th: √439 ≈ 21
100th: √439 ≈ 20.95
1000th: √439 ≈ 20.952
What is the Square Root of 439 as a Fraction?
We covered earlier in this article that only a rational number can be written as a fraction, and irrational numbers cannot.
Like we said above, since the square root of 439 is an irrational number, we cannot make it into an exact fraction. However, we can make it into an approximate fraction using the square root of 439 rounded to the nearest hundredth.
≈ 20 19/20
What is the Square Root of 439 Written with an Exponent?
All square root calculations can be converted to a number (called the base) with a fractional exponent. Let's see how to do that with the square root of 439:
√b = b½
√439 = 439½
How to Find the Square Root of 439 Using Long Division
Finally, we can use the long division method to calculate the square root of 439. This is very useful for long division test problems and was how mathematicians would calculate the square root of a number before calculators and computers were invented.
Set up 439 in pairs of two digits from right to left and attach one set of 00 because we want one decimal:
Starting with the first set: the largest perfect square less than or equal to 4 is 4, and the square root of 4 is 2. Therefore, put 2 on top and 4 at the bottom like this:
Calculate 4 minus 4 and put the difference below. Then move down the next set of numbers.
Double the number in green on top: 2 × 2 = 4. Then, use 4 and the bottom number to make this problem:
4? ×? ≤ 39
The question marks are "blank" and the same "blank". With trial and error, we found the largest number "blank" can be is 0. Replace the question marks in the problem with 0 to get:
40 × 0 = 0
Now, enter 0 on top, and 0 at the bottom:
Calculate 39 minus 0 and put the difference below. Then move down the next set of numbers.
Double the number in green on top: 20 × 2 = 40. Then, use 40 and the bottom number to make this problem:
40? ×? ≤ 3900
The question marks are "blank" and the same "blank". With trial and error, we found the largest number "blank" can be is 9.
Now, enter 9 on top:
That's it! The answer shown at the top in green. The square root of 439 with one digit decimal accuracy is 21. Notice that the last two steps actually repeat the previous two. To add decimal places to your answe you can simply add more sets of 00 and repeat the last two steps.


text:
Tools of the Mind The Vygotskian Approach to Early Childhood EducationAuthor:
Pub Date: 2006
Summary: This unique text provides in-depth information about major concepts and principles of the cultural-historical theory developed by Lev Vygotsky, his students and colleagues, as well as three generations of neo-Vygotskian scholars in Russia and in the West. Tools of the Mind enables teachers to arm young children with the mental tools necessary for learning. Concrete explanations and strategies on how to scaffold young... childrens learning and development are provided throughout the text. These are a product of 15 years of collaboration between the authors and early childhood teachers from diverse programs across the United States, most of which serve children from at-risk populations. Key changes to this expanded edition include: Separate chapters on developmental accomplishments of infants and toddlers, preschoolers/kindergartners, and primary grade children, each followed by a chapter on supporting those accomplishments Additional strategies for supporting children with special needs A new chapter on dynamic assessment as an application of the zone of proximal development Research findings and practical applications from the neo-Vygotskian approach [read more]
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The Xavion app guiding the pilot to an airport
What is Xavion?
Xavion is both a glass cockpit and a copilot for your real-world airplane.
Running on your iPad or iPhone, it gives you synthetic vision, GPS navigation, instrument backups, and ADS-B weather.
It isn't just an EFIS, though. Like any good copilot, it's always looking out for you. It can provide weight & balance checks, and estimate fuel burn and time to your destination at various altitudes.
Most importantly, Xavion can learn the glide characteristics of your airplane, so that if you ever have an engine out emergency, it can run thousands of simulations in an instant and immediately guide you on the safest path to a nearby airport, using winds aloft to fine-tune the power-off guidance if you have an ADS-B receiver.
On a commercial flight in visual conditions, an iPad was used to navigate after a half million dollar glass cockpit system went out. What if it had happened in IFR conditions? A map would not have gotten them out of that one—but Xavion would have.
About the instrument simulations and synthetic vision
Reading from your iPhone or iPad's internal sensors, Xavion figures out your current location and attitude. Based on GPS signals, it also displays a ground-track, ground-speed, altitude, and vertical speed.
From this data, Xavion gives you a primitive backup of the entire six-pack panel. This includes:
 1. airspeed indicator (minus any wind effects, since it knows only your ground speed),
 2. artificial horizon (based on the iPads' internal gyros, accelerometers, and GPS if available),
 3. altimeter (minus any barometric pressure effects, since it is based on GPS),
 4. slip indicator (based on the the iPads' internal accelerometers—just as good as a real "ball"),
 5. heading indicator (minus any wind effects, since it knows only your ground track), and
 6. vertical speed indicator (minus any barometric pressure effects, since it is based on GPS).
Should one of these instruments in your airplane fail in flight, Xavion will give you at least an approximate backup based on the iPad's internal sensors.
If the GPS receiver loses signal in flight, Xavion will continue to use the iPad's internal gyros and accelerometers to give at least an approximation of bank angle. In our experience, although some accuracy will be lost, the horizon will still be accurate to within five degrees in pitch and 10 degrees in roll even after moderate maneuvering.
As well as the standard displays above, Xavion shows gliding range as the illuminated area on the map, so you can see at-a-glance where you can get, power-off.
Since Xavion interfaces with a GPS, you can get powerful point-to-point navigation. Just follow the easy-to-fly "hoops" that Xavion draws to get you where you're going.
Furthermore, in the event of GPS signal loss, Xavion goes into a deduced-reckoning mode. It will check the iPad's internal gyros to see how much your heading has changed since the GPS signal was lost and update the approximate path accordingly. The accuracy of this estimate degrades over time, but if you keep turns and hasty maneuvering to a minimum, you can still get in the general vicinity of an airport quite a long time after GPS signal loss.
The Gravity Engine: Engine-out guidance to the safest nearby runway
No matter what happens to the engine that you paid for in your airplane, GRAVITY will always work. Simply lower the nose a hair to get best glide speed, and gravity will keep you going! If you fly at a safe altitude, then all you need to USE this gravity engine with 100% success is GUIDANCE! And Xavion comes as close as it can to providing that guidance.
In a normal flight, you can pull your plane's power to idle and have Xavion learn your plane's glide ratio. From then on, Xavion will color its moving map according to how far you could successfully glide at this moment if your engine were to fail. This way, you can tell at glance exactly what airports you would be able to reach (or not!) in the event of an engine failure.
Furthermore, Xavion is constantly running engine-out flight simulations behind-the-scenes as you fly. The app imagines an engine failure every single second, and it checks how your plane would do in a power-off glides to every runway at every airport in gliding range.
For each of these simulated engine failures, Xavion estimates the likelihood of a successful landing based on the runway's length, width, proximity to the aircraft, and glide path from your current location down to the threshold of that runway. When Xavion has found the runway that it believes is most likely to result in a safe engine-out landing, it builds a series of hoops from your current location to that runway—spiraling, circling, or extending as needed in order for the hoops to follow a constant descent angle that your airplane should be able to sustain without power.
That descent angle will be somewhat steeper than the optimal glide for your airplane, so if wind is strong or there are other unknowns, you have a margin of safety built into your descent. You should use flaps, gear, speedbrakes, or s-turning to hold the desired path to the runway, since the path will be designed to be steeper than optimal glide to give you that margin of safety. (This is how gliders, including the Space Shuttle, fly pre-planned power-off approaches!)
Understanding the approach is easy: all you see on the synthetic vision system is a series of hoops sprouting out of the nose of your airplane and running through the sky, spiraling down to the best runway to land at if the engine fails. No guessing what to do at airport arrival, since the hoops take you right to the runway threshold at speed, heading, and altitude for a normal power-off landing.
In other words, Xavion designs the safest instrument approach it can, so you can safely land at a runway in the event of power loss. It shows you that approach as a series of hoops for you to glide through.
Xavion even does all this at night, or in IMC conditions!
Showing Wake Turbulence
Here's a recent blog-entry I made that pretty much lays it out:
I was recently flying along at 16,500 in N844X coming out of a pretty major airport and an MD-80 sailed silently off my right side, opposite direction. He was about a half mile away, maybe 500 feet above me, obviously inbound to the airport I had just left. I enjoyed the silent view as he glided by and then got back to my usual scan.
About 2 minutes went by.
Then, suddenly: BANG!!!! N844X suddenly slammed be down into the seat with about 2 or 3 G's of force, then slammed me up into the roof at negative G, then slammed me down into the seat again at 2 or 3 G's.
Then continued as if nothing had happened.
It all happened in about ONE SECOND… NO POSSIBLE way to even think about reacting to it in any way at all.
I just sat there in the seat, amazed, my headset knocked into my lap, wondering if the plane was still structurally intact. When the adrenaline wore off, I started to feel a steady aching in my neck from being thrown into the cockpit ceiling.
So here's what happened: When I SAW the MD-80, he was drifting along harmlessly BESIDE ME (opposite direction). BUT, unknown to me at the time, he must have CROSSED IN FRONT OF ME a few minutes earlier.
There was no way anyone could notice someone crossing their path while still several minutes ahead, so there is no way that I or anyone else could have seen this coming. The exact same thing would have happened to anyone. ATC never calls out that a plane has crossed the path that you will reach in several minutes. Perhaps for this reason, wake turbulence is referred to as a 'one-in-a-million' event… but it isn't. I got hit hard with only about 2,500 hours of experience, and wake turbulence is not random. It is completely predictable.
And now Xavion shows it to you.
Here's how:
As I was thinking about that encounter the next day, my neck still aching form the impact, a way to track wake turbulence with an iPad dawned on me: Wake turbulence always emits from airplanes. And thanks to ADS-B, we know where the airplanes are. The next step is obvious.
So now, starting with Xavion 1.83, if you have an ADS-B receiver, then Xavion will, as always, track the location and altitude of all other airplanes. But now: Every 10 seconds, each of those airplanes "lays a little wake turbulence egg", simply depositing it into the sky. Over the next 4 minutes, those little wake turbulence "eggs" will sink at the sink rate that wake turbulence is known to sink at, and as well move with the wind, as wake turbulence does. (the wind, as well, comes from the nearest ADS-B weather report)
Each wake turbulence "egg" is plotted as a little rotating cyclone, both on the MAP (with altitude difference from you displayed, just like traffic) and on the PFD, so you can clearly see it on your PFD. As well, the COLOR


text:
A carousel is a rotating display of a site's content that appears in a dominant spot on the front of the page. This short contribution seeks to synthesize the general consensus on the internet about image carousel appropriateness especially usability issues.
Carousels in a dominant spot on a web page grabs the attention of users and can be an effective element to attract visitors to its content. They are inappropriate when focus is to be given to other content within the webpage, since it is visually eye catching and can therefore be distractive. To reduce distraction soft transition, proper timing and control elements such as a pausing have been suggested. To increase navigability labeling, thumbnailing and timing of the carousel elements should be explored.
Motivation for Image Carousels
In an effort to squeeze more content on web pages, designers sometimes turn to novel navigation features such as carousels that advance or rotate objects in a fixed space.
Eye tracking and survey results
In a study conducted for the member of the DiSEL's Eyetracking Research Consortium three types of automatically changing carousels for a news site was tested using an eye tracker. Though the thumbnail version of the carousel is perceived as easier to navigate, users found all carousel versions similarly distractive. Eye tracking observations seem to suggest that if you are going to use a carousel element it may be best to place navigational elements above the display elements and to utilize a navigational design that clearly indicates the change from one story to the next.
"web site designers and content writers need to remember usability basics such as reinforcing a sense of place and keeping users in control."
"Interaction designers need to take extra care to convey location and navigation options through labels, headings, and other visual cues."
Belts (sometimes also called carousels)
N.B.: YouTube has removed its video carousel in favor of a video belt to suggest related videos.
Keywords used to research
Image carousel photo carousel slideshow image gallery research paper study usability distraction jakob nielsen donald norman issues interaction design ixda automated eye tracking best practice
Discussion on carousels on ixda.org
Flash rotators discussion on ixda.org
Image carousel similar to marthastewart.com:


'Explosive' People Are Dangerous
Reading audio
28 September, 2019
Now, the VOA Learning English program Words and Their Stories.
On this show, we explain where words and expressions in the English language come from, and -- probably more important for those learning to speak English -- how we use them.
Our show today starts off with a bang.
Yes, that was the sound of an explosion. When I said the show will start with a bang, what I meant to say is that it will open with a lot of energy and excitement. That is how we use the phrase "with a bang."
But since we are here, let's talk about the words "explode" (a verb), "explosion" (a noun) and "explosive" (an adjective).
You probably know all three words. An explosion is often loud and dangerous. And it can cause much damage. But you might not know that English speakers often use the word "explosive" to describe other things. Events or issues that are "explosive" are likely to happen suddenly and violently. And explosive people can be suddenly violent.
There are a few words we often use with "explosive." These word pairings are good to know for two main reasons. One: they are "go-to" terms that make word choice easier. And two: Your spoken English will sound more natural, more like a native speaker.
It is important to note that not all "explosive" pairings are bad. An "explosive laugh," for example, is not violent. It is simply laughter that happens suddenly and loudly. And if a company experiences "explosive growth," the business grows greater than expected and in a shorter amount of time.
But generally speaking, we use "explosive" word pairings when talking about bad things.
A few examples are "explosive issue," "explosive force," "explosive temper" and "explosive personality."
Let's talk more about that last one.
Someone with an explosive personality blows up at the smallest thing. And this can cause problems. Explosive people are quick to have a hostile or even violent reaction to something. You could say they have a short fuse.
Many explosives, especially older ones, usually have a fuse. You light the fuse to set off the explosion. So, someone with a short fuse explodes at even small things. They are volatile!
This is the opposite of a long fuse, which takes longer to set off an explosion. People have time run away and take cover. But a short fuse can be dangerous. People don't have time to escape. So, people with short fuses can be dangerous to be around. You never know when they will blow up! We often use the term "blow up" to mean lose your temper.
Another expression with a similar meaning is time bomb. Sometimes we say someone is a ticking time bomb. This means we are not sure when this person is going to get angry, but we are sure that he or she will.
Another term that describes a dangerous or unpredictable situation is powder keg.
Many years ago, a powder keg was a small container used to hold gunpowder. These days, a powder keg is something that is likely to explode. We usually use this term to describe a situation that is ready to blow up.
I hope you enjoyed this program on explosive terms. Use them the next time you need to describe something exciting or violent.
And that's Words and Their Stories for this week. Until next time!
I'm Anna Matteo.
We like explosion that leave you feeling good. We like ideas that change the world for good.
Anna Matteo wrote this story for VOA Learning English. George Grow was the editor. The song at the end is Devo singing "We Like Explosions."
Words in This Story
go-toadj. always helpful : producing desired results or information when needed
tempern. heat of mind or emotion : proneness to anger
volatileadj. likely to change in a very sudden or extreme way : having or showing extreme or sudden changes of emotion : likely to become dangerous or out of control
opposite adj. completely different
blow upphrasal verb to lose self-control especially : to become violently angry : n. an outburst of temper


text:
Background: After a patient death, experienced physicians have reported feelings of sadness, guilt, and self-doubt. Residents and interns experience a strong emotional impact to these deaths as well, and previous studies have shown that they only feel adequately supported 50% of the time. Residents feel more supported by their attendings and are better able to emotionally cope if debriefs occur after adverse events or deaths. There are few studies on how frequently hospitalists hold debriefs after patient deaths and how best to conduct such discussions.
Purpose: The purpose of the study is to understand current practices in coping with patient deaths and to create a debrief tool to guide residents and hospitalists in conducting debriefs after a patient mortality or adverse event.
Description: The study was conducted at a large urban academic medical center. An initial anonymous survey was administered to Internal Medicine residents and hospitalists to understand current debrief practices. There were 13 hospitalist respondents and 31 resident respondents. The survey found that debriefs do not happen consistently, with only 31% of hospitalists reporting that they always debrief after a patient death or adverse event and 0% of residents reporting that their attending always leads debriefs. Although 77% of hospitalist respondents reported recognizing when trainees are having difficulty coping with a patient death or adverse event, only 55% of residents agreed that their attendings recognized that they were having difficulty coping. Furthermore, 65% of resident respondents reported that they were not aware of mental and emotional health resources and 69% of hospitalists reported that they have never provided such resources. Survey data also showed that 100% of the hospitalists had not received training on how to conduct debriefs, but 100% would want a tool to help them debrief.A debrief tool was created based on the need indicated from the survey (figure 1). Specific elements were selected from best practices when discussing difficult events and from a survey question related to physician perception of the purpose of debriefs. Further input was taken from focus groups of residents and hospitalists. Using the mnemonic SEEK, the tool emphasizes the following 4 components: Setting a stage, creating Expectations and a blame-free environment, discussing Emotions and providing additional Knowledge and resources. This tool also includes sample questions to guide the discussion when leading a debrief and resources for emotional and mental care. Laminated cards with the tool were published and made available online. Training sessions were conducted with both residents and hospitalists, and they were guided through elements of a debrief, sample questions to facilitate discussion, and how to use the tool. At the end of the training session, hospitalists and residents applied their newly learned skills to challenging clinical scenarios.
Conclusions: The development and implementation of a tool helped to establish an easily adopted method to facilitate debriefs. Follow-up comments from attendings and residents have shown that debriefs are occurring more frequently after adverse events and deaths, and that they have been helpful and very much appreciated by the residents. Further evaluations and results will need to be collected. Additionally, applying the tool to specialty services, in ICUs, and continuing to train additional residents and hospitalists will broaden the practice of debriefs.
To cite this abstract:Kochar, A; Radcliffe, M; Vinh-Tung, N. A TOOL TO GUIDE DEBRIEFS AFTER PATIENT DEATHS. Abstract published at Hospital Medicine 2019, March 24-27, National Harbor, Md. Abstract 314. _URL_ Accessed December 6, 2019.


text:
Through a comprehensive review of the available research evidence, this report examines the case for this assumption. Separate sections of the report look at:
- the popular image of high self-esteem as an all-purpose social 'vaccine', and scientific attempts to define and measure self-esteem;
- what is known about the links between low self-esteem and a range of problem behaviours;
- the origins of low self-esteem;
- the relative effectiveness of different kinds of interventions intended to raise self-esteem.
The report raises serious doubts as to the value of investing in programmes to enhance self-esteem, given the very limited impact such programmes are likely to have on most problem behaviour.


Find a local agency
Sustainable tourism at Marlin Travel
At Marlin Travel, with our employees and partners, environmental responsibility is an integral part of our company's operations and we do our best to maximize tourism positive effects.
Our target milestones and priority actions include using resources in an optimal manner and reducing our consumption of paper, electricity and water; implementing more comprehensive recycling programs; making responsible, sustainable purchases; and ensuring the secure management of our electronic equipment until the end of its life-cycle. Using an annual green report, we measure everything we consume, recycle and dispose of.
Moreover, through Transat A.T. efforts, Marlin Travel supports sustainable tourism projects at destination. These projects are helping to enhance the tourism potential of communities and regions, from a perspective of sustainable tourism development.
The will to do better!
Over the past 25 years, tourism in general, and international travel in particular, have experienced strong and steady growth.
The statistics speak volumes: with the number of people travelling to another country per year about to top one billion, and more than 200 million jobs in the world now directly or indirectly dependent on tourism, our industry is asserting itself as an economic force of prime importance.
Marlin Travel, member of Transat A.T. Inc. is one of the largest integrated tourism companies in the world and the leader in Canada's holiday travel industry. Our contribution to development is not expressed merely in economic terms. The desire to protect exceptional natural sites and habitats, and to preserve heritage (both tangible and intangible), the openness of different cultures to one another (though much remains to be done) and a worldwide consciousness, continually growing, that diversity and the environment merit our protection—all this originates at least in part from the fascination that we all feel for our planet and the people who live on it.
Perhaps, also, from this unfathomable sense, deep within each of us, of how fragile things are. The fact that tourism's contributions to human affairs are impossible to measure takes nothing away from their importance. But it is part of the reason why its benefits often go unnoticed, especially in the so-called industrialized economies.
Reduce, Reuse and Recycle!
1. Don't throw away recoverable articles. If you can, bring them back them to your place of residence to put them recycling.
2. Reuse bath towels supplied at your hotel, rather than having them laundered each day.
3. Avoid using plastic bags. Instead, bring your own fabric bags or a backpacks.
4. Try to use long-lasting dishes (glass, china). Otherwise, try reusing the same plastic or polystyrene dishes.
5. Store your toiletries (cream, oil, medicines) in small reusable or recyclable bottles.
6. Collect your waste when travelling until you find a garbage can.
7. Use new technologies like virtual boarding passes and the Internet to cut down on paper used. Ask to your travel adviser to send you your information by e-mail.
8. Switch off the lights and the electric devices when not in use, even at the hotel.
9. Use existing foot paths in wooded and natural areas to avoid causing damages to the fauna and flora.
10. Do not buy products made from endangered natural resources. Be aware of prohibited items for transport as well.
11. Don't use disposable cameras if you can. Consider the advantages to get a digital camera.
12. Look for ecological options for transport, such as walking and cycling. Also think about using local public transportation system, it is a great way to meet the locals!
13. Eat locally produced food. By doing so, you will support the economy of the region and reduce the pollution needed for transportation of goods - due to the transportation of goods.
14. Before leaving, think of preparing your place of residence for your absence. Switch off the air-conditioner and disconnect devices which bustle in your everyday life (alarm clock, lamp …)


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Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
delicacy (plural delicacies)
- The quality of being delicate.
- Something appealing, usually a pleasing food, especially a choice dish of a certain culture suggesting rarity and refinement -a Chinese delicacy
- Fineness or elegance of construction or appearance.
- Frailty of health or fitness.
- Refinement in taste or discrimination.
- Tact and propriety; the need for such tact.
quality of being delicate
something appealing, especially a pleasing food
elegance of construction or appearance


Home > Fragment Analysis >
The Applied Biosystems 3130xl or 3100 genetic analysis system is capable of performing many different genotyping methods based on the sizing of fluorescently labeled DNA fragments. These methods include the analysis of Short Tandem Repeats (STR) or Microsatellites, Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP), Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP), Terminal-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP) and Loss of Heterozygosity (LOH). The ABI 3130xl employs a 16 capillary array. A single run of 16 wells therefore uses the same amount of consumables in all capillaries regardless of the number of wells analyzed during the run.


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The Center for Integrated Seismicity Research (CISR) at The University of Texas at Austin (UT) is a multidisciplinary, trans-college research center managed by the Bureau of Economic Geology (BEG). The overall goals of CISR are to conduct fundamental and applied research to better understand naturally occurring and potentially induced seismicity and the associated risks. The research is designed to understand the subsurface processes that may influence seismicity, quantify and reduce risk to the citizens and infrastructure of Texas, and improve standards of practice to mitigate seismicity that may stem from industrial activity. Effective strategies will be developed for communicating with stakeholders and responding to public concerns regarding seismicity. CISR is funded by the State of Texas through the TexNet Seismic Monitoring Project and also by industrial associate partners.
CISR's research areas include including seismology, geologic characterization, reservoir modeling, seismic hazard and risk assessment, and seismic risk social science. TexNet funding supports research projects in seismology, geologic characterization, and reservoir modeling via the 2015 TexNet legislation. Through an industrial associate program at the BEG, the petroleum industry participates in CISR allowing us to maintain a more robust science program across all of the research themes, resulting in a more integrated and application-driven science program. The success of CISR to generate transformational science relies on our industry partners to share their datasets, expertise, and perspectives.
The TexNet Seismic Network and associated research is led by Principal Investigators Dr. Peter Hennings, Dr. Ellen Rathje, and Dr. Alexandros Savvaidis. This research collaboration spans the Bureau of Economic Geology, the Institute for Geophysics, and the Department of Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering at The University of Texas, SMU's North Texas Seismicity Study Group, and the Department of Petroleum Engineering at Texas A&M University.
With the addition of funding and collaboration from the Industrial Associates program the research collaboration grows stronger in the aforementioned areas and includes The University of Texas' Departments of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, Psychology, and the Moody College of Advertising and Public Relations.
Research Goals and Themes
The TexNet-CISR research portfolio will have defined value and impact. The overarching goals are to:
- produce accurate and detailed seismicity/ground-shaking data
- gain a mechanistic understanding of how fluid-pressure triggers faulting and seismicity
- improve methods for managing and risking of subsurface fluid injection and disposal
- perform assessments of the seismogenic potential of sedimentary basins in Texas
- improve assessments of seismic hazard to infrastructure in Texas
- improve vehicles for communication of data, knowledge and risk to a variety of stakeholders
- establish of an appropriate seismicity response management capacity
The TexNet-CISR research portfolio has these themes which are represented by 14 individual projects which can be found at the Research Projects link to the right:
- TexNet Permanent and Transportable Network Array Products
- earthquake data, locations, calibrated magnitudes, catalog
- earthquake sequences, source characterizations, triggering analysis
- Geologic Characterization
- in situ stress, fault characteristics, fluid data and budgets, geological models
- Geomechanics and Reservoir Engineering
- fault sensitivity, pore pressure/reservoir models, rupture models
- Seismic Hazards and Risk Assessment
- site characterization, shake maps, infrastructure vulnerability
- Seismic Risk Social Science
- stakeholder attitudes and bias, communication mechanisms and strategies
These challenging research themes are connected in an integrated plan whereby results and dependencies are shared to maximize integration and the development of applicable products as well as leading research. The projects are roughly connected as shown here:
Initially, TexNet and CISR will serve the specific geography and geology of Texas, and therefore the research portfolio contains overarching themes as well as geographically-specific emphases. As per the graphic below, the first geographic thrust will be an integrated assessment of the seismicity potential of the Ft. Worth Basin and how it might relate to oil and gas operations. This will take several years to complete. For this project the TexNet/CISR group has partnered with the Stanford SCITS group to collaborate with participating petroleum operators in the Ft. Worth Basin who will provide access to proprietary subsurface data as well as their extensive expertise. SMU and Texas A&M University will also participate in the research to make this a truly integrated effort that leverages the technical strengths of the participating groups and prevents duplication of effort.
Once this integrated effort is moving forward quickly, the focus of CISR will begin to switch to the seismicity potential of the greater Permian Basin and especially the Delaware Basin where oil shale development is expected to accelerate in the coming years. The Eagle Ford play area, the East Texas Bain and Haynesville play area, and the Texas Panhandle are areas that will receive research focus in the future.


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(covers information from several alternate timelines)
A subspace bubble is an encompassing energy field which can be used to protect objects or people from various environmental effects.
In 2371, an exploding microscopic singularity passing through the Sol system created a subspace bubble around the USS Defiant, isolating it from changes in the timeline inadvertently effected by three crewmembers who had traveled back in time to the year 2024. This allowed the Defiant crew to observe an alternate timeline in which Starfleet apparently did not exist and Alpha Centauri was under the control of the Romulan Star Empire. The timeline was later restored when the crew was able to ensure that events in the past unfolded as they did in the original timeline. (DS9: "Past Tense, Part I", "Past Tense, Part II")
A subspace bubble can be formed around a person. This variation was used by Seska on a Kazon raider to bypass a force field, in order to retrieve a Federation replicator that she had traded in turn for a Kazon-Federation alliance. (VOY: "State of Flux")


How to Keep Your Mop Sanitary
Wet mop cleaning wooden floor
The Spruce / Ulyana Verbytska
Mops are great tools for keeping floors clean. Foot traffic can lead to dirt and germs in your house. Even if you sweep or vacuum regularly, mopping is the best way to clean hard floors. A common concern about mopping is its effectiveness. A dirty mop will just move the filth around the house and not clean the floors. However, a clean mop and good mopping technique will effectively remove grime and germs from the floor.
 - Once mildew has begun to grow, the mop is no longer effective as a cleaning tool. Mopping with a mildew-ridden mop will just spread bacteria and odor around your house.
How to Keep a Mop Clean
With a few easy steps, you can keep your mop sanitary so that it successfully cleans your floors.
 - Rinse the mop thoroughly after each use. When you are finished mopping, rinse any cleaning solution and dirt from the mop in a sink until the mop is completely clean. Traces of dirt will spread grime during the next use, and leftover soap residue can damage your mop.
 - Wash your mop. If your mop is machine washable, use the washing machine to clean it. Follow the cleaning directions on the mop. A gentle cycle at the hottest temperature is usually recommended. If the mop head is not machine washable, create a mixture of half water, half bleach in a clean bucket (enough to cover the mop head), and soak the mop head for 15 minutes. Rinse the mixture from the mop until the water runs completely clear.
 - Allow the mop to completely dry. To prevent bacteria growth make sure the mophead is dry before storing it away. To do this, start by wringing the mop out as much as you can. Then place the mop head outside on a clothesline; sunshine will naturally kill bacteria and mold. If that's not possible, stand the mop upright in a bathtub or other well ventilated and dry area. The goal is to avoid mildew and bacteria growth.
 - Store the mop properly. A cool, dry place is a perfect storage location. Try hanging it so the mop head avoids brushing against the floor. If you've allowed the mop to dry thoroughly, the mop should be fine for the next use.
 - Replace the mop head when needed. Prevent your mop from becoming a cleaning hazard by replacing the mop head. Aim for a replacement every two to three months or sooner if it looks very dirty. Your floors are only as clean as your mop head; a soiled and worn mop will not be effective.
Yellow mop being soaked in water and bleach
The Spruce / Ulyana Verbytska
Mopping Tips
To keep your house clean, you may want to consider mopping with two buckets. Keep plain water for rinsing in one bucket and detergent in the other bucket. Start with the detergent bucket, mop the floor, and then dip the dirty mop into the rinsing bucket. Squeeze out the water and continue alternating buckets until the floor is done. If either water bucket becomes too soiled, replace it with fresh water and cleaning solution. Try mopping the bathroom last, or even using a separate mop for just the bathroom. These rooms are full of germs and can lead to cross-contamination if a dirty mop gets used around the house.
Finally, although traditional mops are very absorbent and have good scrubbing capacity, you could consider a more hygienic flat mop as a potential alternative.


How to keep your employees focused after the holidays
How to keep your employees focused after the holidays
The holidays offer a much-needed respite during which employees can relax and forget about work for a few days. Unfortunately, this wonderful time of the year has come to an end. Employees had to return to reality and deal with a mountain of backlogs and an inbox swamped with emails.
Getting into work mode after weeks of relaxation can be difficult for some employees and they may not be productive right away. Managing a group of people who feel unmotivated or overwhelmed is quite a challenge, so here are some tips on how you can keep your team focused at work after the holidays.
Make sure you're on the same page
Your staff balance multiple and various projects, and they are likely to have different priorities when they get back to work after their vacation. Different priorities can cause delays and conflicts, so it's critical that you sit down as a team and evaluate the status of every project on your deck to ensure that everyone's priorities are in sync. Doing so also prevents bottlenecks. A video call meeting at the start of the year is a great way to catch up with your team while realigning short term and long term goals.
Facilitate teamwork
With an increased workload at the beginning of the year, employees tend to focus on their individual tasks and lose sight of team goals. Review role assignments and remind your employees how each role connects to other roles. Understanding how individual tasks contribute to the success of the team is vital to a harmonious work relationship and ensures that everyone carries their own weight within the team. Find connections between tasks and encourage everyone to collaborate with each other as much as possible.
Lead by example
Be alert, responsive, and enthusiastic. Doing so can encourage your team to match your energy. Conversely, going about your tasks without urgency or gusto can give your team the impression that it's all right to procrastinate.
That said, don't overwork, as your staff may go overboard trying to keep up with you. By setting the pace just right, you can nudge your team to work harder while avoiding creating a toxic environment.
Don't be too negative about productivity dips
Expect that there will be productivity dips, as your team may need time to readjust their mind and body before they can fully get back in the zone. Their coffee breaks may take longer, or they may spend more time than necessary to chat with their colleagues. Don't be too harsh on your staff, as these seemingly unimportant tasks are all part of re-establishing the work routine that they discarded during the holiday season.
While it's wise to adjust timelines to accommodate your team's slower pace, it's even wiser to set a concrete, achievable goal to help your team focus. Try challenging them to achieve a daily measurable goal, such as reading all emails by the end of the day, to keep them on their feet
Allow your team to slack a bit, but tackle issues before they escalate. If you notice that someone isn't turning in work on time or is delivering subpar work, talk to them before the issue causes disruption or conflict.
Have reliable technology
On top of post-holiday blues, faulty technology can prevent employees from achieving peak productivity. Gaining momentum is near impossible when an app always crashes or a device keeps breaking down. Slow internet speeds can also turn Zoom conferences into a nightmare.
Ensure that your team is equipped with reliable tools by partnering with a trusted business technology specialist like SpectrumWise. SpectumWise is a managed services provider (MSP) that provides exceptional IT services, data security solutions, business phone systems, and a host of other services that will allow your team to work optimally without technology hiccups.
When your workforce has the right IT tools they need to get things done, they can focus on their work and do their tasks more efficiently, enabling them to get out of the post-holiday slump faster. Schedule a FREE system assessment with SpectrumWise today.


- the order of G, we ﬁrst suppose that p| ord(Z(G)). In this case, Cauchy's theorem implies that Z(G) has a subgroup Nof order p. Consider the group G/N, which has order pa−1m. The induction hypothesis implies that G/N has a Sylow p-subgroup P/Nof order pa−1. But then Pis a subgroup of G having order pa, so Galso has a Sylow p-subgroup.
 - quantum double DG.of the group G.If 4f is the basis of.kG * gggG dual to 4g, then DG.has as a basis all elements f m h, which we ggGg write more simply as f g h, for g, h g G. On this basis, the product is defined by f gg hf 9 h9 s ff ghghy1hh9, which is nonzero if and only if gshg9hy1. Thus the identity is 1 s f 1, where 1 is the identity D...
 - (A) Show that if a 2 =e for all elements a in a group G, then G must be abelian. (B) Show that if G is a finite group of even order, then there is an a∈G such that a is not the identity and a 2 =e. (C) Find all the subgroups of Z 3 ×Z 3. Use this information to show that Z 3 ×Z 3 is not the same group as Z 9. (Abstract Algebra)
 - In every group, the identity, and only the identity, has order $1$. Let $G$ be a group with identity $e$. Then: $e^1 = e$. and: $\forall a \in G: a \ne e: a^1 = a \ne e$. Hence the result. $\blacksquare$. 1964: Walter Ledermann: Introduction to the Theory of Finite Groups (5th ed.)... (previous)... (next)...
 - Identity of a binary structure, if exists, is unique. Proof. The proof is a subtle usage of the de nition of the binary operation. Suppose (S;?) has two identities eand e0:By the very de nition of the binary operation, the pair (e;e0) assigned to a unique element e?e0:However, e?e0 equals eif e0is treated as identity, and e0if eis treated as...
A subgroup N of a group G is normal if and only if the coset equality aN = Na holds for all a ∈ G. A normal subgroup of G is denoted N G. Definition. Let N be a normal subgroup of a group G. Define the set G/N to be the set of all left cosets of N in G. That is, G/N = {aN : a ∈ G}. Since the identity element e ∈ N, a ∈ aN.
Jul 01, 2016 · Finally, since the group G has order φ D (n) N (n) r − 1 and the order of the fixed set of a group element g (t 1, …, t r) is N (n) r − 1 N (〈 t 1 − 1, t 2 …, t r 〉 + n), by the Cauchy–Frobenius–Burnside lemma we have equation as required. 4. Concluding remarks. Remark 1. The class of residually finite rings is large (see e.g...
G=Hg= fg2GjgxH= xHfor all x2Gg. Thus, (e) 6= ker P G(since the kernel of a homomorphism is a normal subgroup), so Gis not simple. Remark: A 5 (which has order 60) is the smallest non-abelian simple group. tu 2. Prove that for all n> 3, the commutator subgroup of S nis A n. 3.a. State, without proof, the Sylow Theorems. b. Then you take all of the elements of the group, call them g's and form the group products g o x o g-1. Notice that x itself is one of these products, because e o x o e-1 = x. The subset that consists of all these g o x o g-1's is one of the C's. For example, x is an element of the C that you get by starting with x.
surator of G which we denote by Com.G/. If G is a subgroup of the group H, then the (relative) commensurator of G in H, Com H.G/, consists of all elements h of H for which G \Gh has ﬁnite index in both G and Gh; here Gh Dh1Gh. The main result of this paper is the following. Theorem 3.1 The commensurator of F is isomorphic to Com P.F/, which...
First of all, using cars helps us to save our time, as we don't have to wait for the public transport. More-over, you can create your own short way to the place of destination. we'd better have a look at the menu as I've got to be back to work in an hour at the latest.nite extension E=F q, we may choose a point of order non each curve. Then we use the modular curve Y 1(n)=Eas our U 0, and the universal family it carries as our f: C!U 0. For g 2, the moduli space H0 g =F p classifying tricanonical embedded genus g curves is quasiprojective, smooth and geometrically connected, cf. [De-Mum, &3]
Jun 06, 2013 · If g is an element of G, then is a subgroup generated by g. Since G has no non-trivial subgroups, G = . This means all elements of G must be a power of g. If the order of g was infinite, then , the subgroup of all even powers of G, would be a proper subgroup. So the order of g, hence the order of G, must be finite; call it p. So, all elements of H (namely e and g) commute with all elements of G, so that H is a subset of Z(G). # 9.71 (resp. # 9.67): Suppose that A 5 has a normal subgroup of order 2, call it H. Then H is a subset of Z(A 5) by 9.66. Recall from problem 5.46 on Homework 6 that the center of S n is trivial for all n 3.
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What effect could wearables have on email marketing?
While marketing departments are still heavily engrossed in formulating strategies for conquering mobile users, another hyped-up and disruptive technology is here to make their tasks even more challenging. Yes, we are talking about wearable devices.
We have already seen the emergence of wearable technology, the likes of which include Google Glass, Apple Watch and Samsung's Galaxy Gear. Wearables are indeed the next big thing in the tech world. However, they have also put marketers neck-deep in creating strategies for these devices.
While there's been plenty of speculation about how wearable tech can affect existing marketing strategies, things are definitely going to be more challenging for email marketers.
Anxiety of an email marketer
The way technology is evolving, especially those related to wearables and online communication it is more than likely that very soon we will be receiving emails in radically different ways. Google, for example, has already taken steps in that direction. The tech-giant is redesigning its signature product, Gmail to make it wearable-ready.
But that's still a little way off. At present, wearables seem to be bad news for email marketers. The technology does not allow you to send emails and track device-wearing ROI or user engagement metrics.
According to the wearable UX guidelines provided by Google/Android, we are less likely to see anything beyond the ability to browse the inbox, or postpone, flag and delete emails on wearable devices, based on the email's subject line and/or preheader text for now.
This indicates a change in user behavior. The wearers are likely is to engage with your email campaigns in the following ways:
 1. They would scan and prioritize emails
 2. Read only the prioritized emails on their smartphone for further interaction
 3. Use a desktop/laptop computer to make further interaction or for purchasing
This is not necessarily a bad from a marketing standpoint. In fact, this means new opportunities for marketers to create relevant marketing messages based on the wearer's location, physical health and proximity to others.
Starbucks is already leveraging the technology with its wearable Android app, "Wearbucks". Designed for smart watches, this app not only allows the wearer to pay for Starbucks, but also sends targeted marketing messages if there is a Starbucks store nearby, reminding you to have a coffee-break or to redeem your reward-points. This is indeed a smart way to integrate email marketing campaigns into your wearable marketing strategy.
Marketers therefore need to optimize their email campaigns for wearable devices before the technology takes a stronghold on the industry. Here's how wearable technology will affect email marketing and what you should do to deal with it.
Influence people to interact with "wearable emails"
Let's take the example of Starbucks' wearable app. Imagine you are about to cross a Starbuck store when you suddenly get an email notification right on your smartwatch reminding you to redeem your points at the store or prompting you to visit the coffee shop to enjoy their new "Frappuccino".
Such triggered emails, based on context, are a great weapon in the battle against the challenges posed by wearable technology. But in order to influence this behavioral change you need to focus on your subject line. What you need here is interesting and effective subject lines for your email marketing messages in order to induce the interest of your target audience(s).
While an effective subject line is essential for any email marketing campaign, it is even more crucial when your message is being read on a wearable device. Due to the smaller screen size of these devices, the first thing users will see is the subject line. It is therefore your best chance to get their attention as well as convince them to read your email.
Treat it as a convergence between various vital channels such as SMS, email and social. We are in fact facing the time when short messages will be near-indistinguishable and users will have the ability to receive and respond to these messages directly from their wearable devices.
Focus on wearable email design
Even if you haven't heard this term before, "wearable email design" is a possibility in the near future. At present, there are no wearable email clients, but people are stressing on this concept and its potentials. How email interaction on wearable devices will be affected by the style of an email remains unclear as of now, but rumor has it that plain text emails will resurrect. The focus is basically on minimalist approaches and clear, readable text.
The concept of simple, clear and engaging emails is nothing new. In fact, these are an integral part of any successful email campaign. Almost all leading email marketers and solution providers have been using them to create successful email designs that convert. But what is new is the other aspects of the wearable email designs.
According to Android's developer documents, the trend would be to provide short bursts of information as well as control through voice actions.
We are therefore likely to see wearable emails with:
 - Effective subject lines and preheader text, optimized for the small screens of wearable devices. In addition, they should offer extreme brevity to compel people to take desired actions
 - Email interactions connecting with wearable applications such as providing directions to a nearby store via email content
 - Users engaging with emails via voice control, something like Starbucks' wearable app where you need to proclaim "Ok Google, start paying for Starbucks."
 - Using simple plain-text emails that are readable on wearable devices.
As a marketer, you should never take wearable emails for responsive emails. There are stark differences. The responsive emails at least had a precedent, the Web. Besides, there were software to test responsive emails. But with wearable email marketing, it's a virgin land yet to be explored. We can therefore only anticipate new patterns and trends and define them as well, as we proceed.
This makes one thing clear that the future of marketing and technology is very much unpredictable. But again, the influence of the "latest and greatest" devices will continue to be huge on the marketing industry. They will continue to pose challenges and as marketers, we will keep on formulating a viable solution for them. In conclusion, it is an exciting period for technology
Welcome to Memeburn


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JACKSON, SOLOMON HENRY
JACKSON, SOLOMON HENRY (d. 1847), first Jewish printer in New York City. His printing shop had both English and Hebrew type fonts, and he was thus able to print material in both languages, which he did for the various congregations of the city. His most important works were The Form of Daily Prayers, According to the Custom of the Spanish and Portuguese Jews (1826), a translation of the Sephardi prayer book into English, and his editorship and publication of The Jew (1823–25), a monthly, the first Jewish periodical in the United States. In 1827 he was active in the Ḥevrat Ḥinnukh Ne'arim, a society to promote Jewish education, and in 1837 he led a movement to settle Jews on the land.
H.B. Grinstein, Rise of the Jewish Community of New York 1654–1860 (1945), index.
[Hyman B. Grinstein]
Source: Encyclopaedia Judaica. © 2008 The Gale Group. All Rights Reserved.


Declaration of Dresden (1982)
ICOMOS Symposia
The Declaration of Dresden is concerned with the reconstruction of monuments destroyed by war. It calls for documentation of monuments as a means to ensure their protection in times of conflict and notes the reasons and techniques for reconstruction as well the importance of exchanging knowledge between nations as a way to ensure appreciation and protection of this heritage. The Declaration supports earlier recommendations by UNESCO and the ICOMOS General Assembly on the prevention of war and calls for international cooperation and disarmament in order to prevent war.