text:
Docker Sandboxes The Easy Way
Docker has become wildly successful for implementing all manner of fast-boot/fast-destroy emphemeral computing. Normally, you configure a container to do one important thing - run a web server, host a Jenkins instance... Then just fire-and-forget afterwards.
But you can also use docker to build general purpose sandboxes. To do this, you need to make it easy to log into a running container just like a "real" VM or server. This repo provides a fast track to doing just that.
Things You Can Learn From This
- How to build a docker image from a dockerfile
- How to tag docker images
- How to use ansible to create and destroy a docker network
- How to use ansible to create, restart, and destroy docker servers
- How host and
ssh keys are managed on a docker instance
- How to enable
ssh access to a docker instance
- How to share files between docker containers or between the host and a container
But this is not a "toy" system. What you see here is a public subset of what we use all the time here at the TundraWare Intergalactic HQ. We use this for software development, testing new distributed computing ideas, and doing custom builds in a sanitized environment.
Prep Work: What You Need To Do First
The content of this repo assumes you have done several things:
- You've got docker already running on your machine
- You've made docker access available to your own login
- You've got ansible installed on your machine
/shared exists on your host machine with permissions
Quickstart For The Impatient
Here's the 10,000 foot view of what you'll have to do once the Prep Work above is done:
- Configuring sandbox hostname resolution
- Build a docker image from a dockerfile
- Use ansible to start a docker network and the sandboxes
- Login to your running sandboxes
Configuring Sandbox Hostname Resolution
Various parts of this repo assume that there are (up to) 10 running sandboxes whose names are
dockersand10. For this to work, you have to configure name resolution to properly associate these names with their equivant IP addresses.
Most likely, you don't have control of your DNS configuration. The easy way around this is to add the entries you find in
dockerfiles/common/etc/dockersand.hosts to your own
Building The docker Images
Getting a docker container running requires it to be built from an "image". Images are built from something called a "dockerfile". It is this file that specifies which Linux distro on which to base the image. The file also specifies any special configuration or software installation you want in your containers. By setting up the image with this stuff in it ahead of time, it will be present every time you start a new container.
There are two dockerfiles in this repo. To build the corresponding images, do this:
Start The docker Network And Sandboxes
The creation and destruction of the sandboxes is automated using ansible "playbooks".
In each case you are creating/destroying 10 separate sandboxes.
To build the sandboxes and their network:
ansible-playbook -i inventory/dockersand playbooks/dockersand/dockersand_build.yml
To destroy the sandboxes and their network:
ansible-playbook -i inventory/dockersand playbooks/dockersand/dockersand_destroy.yml
To rebuild the sandboxes and their network:
ansible-playbook -i inventory/dockersand playbooks/dockersand/dockersand_rebuild.yml
By default, both the build and rebuild create sandboxes based on the centos7 image. But you can override this on the command line to specify a different image. Just add this to the end of the playbook command line:
These sandboxes are setup so you can login from your host machine into the running sandboxes using
ssh keys. You will find the keys under
dockerfiles/common/.ssh/. There is also an
ssh configuration stanza you should add to your own
~/.ssh/config to get your client to use the proper key.
However, it is also possible to login using name (
test) and password (
In general, once you've properly set up your own
.ssh/config and installed keys, you'll do something like this:
Once you are logged in, you can promote yourself to
root using the
sudo command without any further password required.
The sandboxes are created to share the
/shared directory with the host machine. Any file you put there is visible from any of the sandboxes and/or the host machine. This makes it easy to share or move data between the host and any of the sandboxes or between the sandboxes themselves.
Not only is this tooling useful for building and using sandboxes, it's a good way to learn how docker and ansible work. Take the time to explore the various ansible files and dockerfile specifications. There are comments throughout to help explain what's going on and why.
Here are a few ideas of how to expand on what you see here:
Try creating your own, new dockerfile for a different distro like, say, debian or arch.
Find where the docker network subnet is specified and change it to something else. Don't forget to update
While in one sandbox, ssh into another. Notice that this just works. That's because the images are built with the proper ssh keys in place everywhere - user and host. Thus, every container has them. Notice that the name-to-IP association does not exist in the container's own
/etc/hosts. Do some research to figure out why it isn't needed.
The dockerfiles currently load a lot of software by default. Try factoring this out into separate ansible playbooks to load the software after the sandboxes are up and running. You'll have to parameterize it to account for the different software installation models and package names in the different distros.
You'll notice that there is no
dockersand0. You can reasonably guess that if such an endpoint existed, its IP would be one digit lower than the IP for
dockersand1. Try logging into that IP and see what is there. You'll be surprised..


text:
Remember, search, and share your voice conversations
Otter is a smart note-taking app that empowers you to remember, search, and share your voice conversations.
Otter creates smart voice notes that combine audio, transcription, speaker identification, inline photos, and
key phrases. It helps business people, journalists, and students to be more focused, collaborative, and
efficient in meetings, interviews, lectures, and wherever important conversations happen.
Where conversations live
Record and review in real time. Search, play, edit, organize, and share your conversations from any device.
Magically turn voice into sharable, smart notes that sync audio, text, and images.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
How To Use king penguin In A Sentence
- Oh, and the wandering albatross, king penguins, hundreds of pelagic birds, sea lions, and icebergs will be there, too.
- On a recent day, the squawking penguins were busily finding partners, preparing nests and waddling about the mating grounds.
- And even Rushdie's publisher, Viking Penguin, was forced to temporarily close its New York City office to improve security.
- King penguins are expected to be driven into extinction in a matter of decades because of the impacts of global warming, a study has found. Times, Sunday Times
- As it rocks from side to side, a walking penguin may look clumsy, but its movements are actually quite efficient.
- I have evidence that Viking Penguin publishers is deliberately removing my name from books on the Beat generation and Jack Kerouac," said Nicosia, 57, who lives in Corte Madera with his wife and two children. Windmills
- Juvenile king penguins preen on the shore.
- Will kill birds as large as king penguins and fight over seal carcasses. Times, Sunday Times


text:
Most Active Stories
Wed August 22, 2012
Drought dries New Mexico's largest rivers
UPDATED 08-22-12, 8:00 PM:
Additional rains have reconnected flows within the stretch of the Pecos River that includes habitat for the Pecos bluntnose shiner. Biologists do not plan to conduct salvage work this week. About 30 miles of the river still remain dry.
This has been a dry year in New Mexico. Statewide, we've received only half the precipitation of average, and most of eastern New Mexico is experiencing what the National Weather Service calls "extreme drought."
That means this has been a tough summer for New Mexico's two largest rivers.
Since mid-June, two stretches of the Rio Grande south of Albuquerque have gone dry. Right now, a total of about 50 miles are dry.
Meanwhile, about 30 miles of the Pecos River have dried between the city of Roswell and Bitter Lakes National Wildlife Refuge. According to online stream gages, the drying first began in July.
To try and keep water between the banks of the Pecos, the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation has been buying and leasing water rights from willing sellers.
But the drought this year has been too much for the agency to keep up with, according to the Bureau of Reclamation's Gary Dean.
Conditions haven't been this dry on the Pecos since 1989, he says, when the agency conducted a dam safety test of Brantley Dam and had to temporarily hold back the river's flows.
Now, biologists with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service are preparing to rescue rare fish—the pecos bluntnose shiner-- from the drying riverbed.
According to Stephen Davenport, with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's New Mexico Fish and Wildlife Conservation Office, a rainstorm on Tuesday night caused a temporary spike in flows throughout the fish's habitat, but biologist will likely head out to the Pecos River for salvage work later this week.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Question: Does Red Hair Change After Birth?
Does red hair turn blonde in the sun?
"It really depends on your hair shade, age, genetics and whether you're in the sun or not (the sun can cause your red hair to fade)." "To really prevent fading, always cover your red hair in the sun and spray hair-SPF when you're outside.
How do you know if you carry the red hair gene?
The test will scan each parent's DNA for signs of the so-called MC1R gene that causes redheadedness. "Through a simple saliva test to determine deep ancestry, we can … … That means even if both parents carry the gene, just one in four of their children are likely to turn out to be a redhead.
Is Strawberry Blonde the rarest hair color?
Do redheads go gray?
Can baby hair change from red to blonde?
Or red hair can change to light blonde and then change to a darker blonde. Genes turning on and off over time is pretty common.
What age does babies hair change Colour?
From 9 months through age 2 1/2, the color trend lightened. After age 3, hair color became progressively darker until age 5. This just means that your baby's hair may change shades a few times after birth before settling on a more permanent color.
Can babies be born with red hair?
Two Red-Blends Have a 25% Chance That's because both parents carry the gene for pure red hair. There is also a 25% possibility for the child to be born without any red in his or her tresses since both parents carry a brown/blonde trait.
What race has red hair?
Red hair (or ginger hair) occurs naturally in one to two percent of the human population, appearing with greater frequency (two to six percent) among people of Northern or Northwestern European ancestry and lesser frequency in other populations.
How many generations can red hair skip?
We can trace red hair back two generations, but it skipped our parents and us. How does this happen? Traits like red hair or blue eyes that skip generations can be frustrating (especially if your mailman has red hair and/or blue eyes!). But it is perfectly natural.
Is red hair dominant over brown?
You only need one brown allele to have brown hair. It is a dominant trait. … Even if you don't have red hair, you can still pass on a red hair allele to your child! Since red hair is recessive, you could carry instructions for making red hair hidden in your DNA.
Who has stronger genes mother or father?
What are the chances my baby will have red hair?
What color does red hair turn with age?
Are redheads genetically strong?
One study shows that, contrary to popular belief, redheads are not weaker than blondes or brunettes. … Redheads are the only people with a variant of this gene. Basically, redheads feel pain an entirely different way than other people, and it's likely because their genetic makeup is fundamentally different.
What is the rarest shade of red hair?
Can gingers tan?
Ginger-haired people DO tan… they just react badly to the sun at the same time. If you're pale and ginger, here's the good news: your skin is potentially five times BETTER at tanning than olive-skinned sunbathers, according to scientists. … 'Something is stopping the cells from working in people with paler skin.
How rare is red hair and blue eyes?
And when you meet a red head with blue eyes, you are looking at the rarest colour combination of all for human beings. Around 17 per cent of people have blue eyes, and when combined with 1-2 per cent having red hair, the odds of having both traits are around 0.17 per cent.
Do redheads bleed more during labor?
Red‐haired individuals are known for their reputation of increased bleeding during surgical procedures and in women after childbirth [1].
Why are some babies born with red hair?
What color skin will my baby be?
Your baby's skin color However, most melanin production doesn't happen until after birth. The more melanin that's produced (a process that's regulated by genes), the darker your baby's skin. Babies of parents with dark skin may look noticeably lighter than their parents at birth and get darker over time.
Is red hair a sign of inbreeding?
Which parent determines eye color?
Do redheads have a higher pain tolerance?
We found that redheads were significantly more sensitive to cold pain perception, cold pain tolerance, and heat pain tolerance. Heat pain perception threshold was also lower, but not significantly so, in redheads.
Do redheads have more allergies?
Medical research is zeroing in on what makes redheads feel pain more acutely than the rest of us, why they're more susceptible to developing melanoma and why they have more drug allergies. And those are just the recent studies. It seems that every time the word "redhead" hits headlines, the news is bad.
What genes are inherited from mother only?


15 kinds of border activities to be banned in Tibet
PLA Daily
Source: China Military Online
Editor: Xu Yi
2021-04-07 17:53:49
BEIJING, Apr. 7 -- The official WeChat account of Tibet Daily issued a notice about bans on 15 kinds of border activities in the Tibet Autonomous Region on April 6.
Formulated in accordance with China's Criminal Law, Law on Penalties for Administration of Public Security, Exit and Entry Administration Law and other laws, regulations and related policy documents, the notice is jointly issued by several departments involving public security, commerce, tourism and foreign affairs in the Tibet Autonomous Region, aiming to strengthen the border control and maintain the security and stability in border areas.
According to the notice, the following border activities will be strictly prohibited:
I. Without a valid border pass or relevant approval, entering the border control areas, border zones, as well as specific areas, restricted military areas, forbidden military areas and areas with "No Entry" signs along the border, is prohibited.
II. Rejecting and evading border inspection are prohibited.
III. Forgery, alteration, trading, fraudulent acquisition and use of various border passes are prohibited.
IV. Organizing or transporting, taking in, or harbouring people without valid border pass or relevant approval to pass through the border control area are prohibited.
V. Funding, assisting, organizing, or transporting others to cross the border illegally are prohibited.
VI. Surveying and mapping, prospecting, mining, logging, blasting, conducting scientific investigation, mountaineering, and other activities without relevant authorities' approval in border control areas, restricted military areas and forbidden military areas are prohibited.
VII. Carrying, transporting and disseminating prohibited books, pictures, audiovisual products, electronic products, etc., which may endanger national security and undermine national unity, are prohibited.
VIII. Without authorization, flying "low, slow and small" unmanned aircraft vehicles, and disposing unidentified aircrafts, flying objects, floating objects or other suspicious objects are prohibited.
IX. Hunting, collecting and smuggling national protected rare animals and plants are prohibited.
X. Damaging, moving and dismantling the facilities of transportation, communication, water conservancy, hydrology, electricity, surveying and mapping, border defense, and protection of land resources on the front line of the state (border) line without authorization are prohibited.
XI. Damaging or moving or dismantling the state (border) boundary markers and the topographic markers of the state (border) location without authorization, building facilities that affect the direction or clearness of the state (border) boundary without authorization, and engraving on or altering the state (border) boundary markers are prohibited.
XII. Damaging military installations, interfering with military communications, stealing military communication lines and equipment, attacking forbidden military areas, and disrupting the order of restricted military areas are prohibited.
XIII. Obtaining relevant confidential information and materials through photographing, recording and other methods without the relevant authorities' approval are prohibited.
XIV. Obstructing, abusing, or insulting the staff of state organs in performing their official duties according to law are prohibited.
XV. Engaging in other activities that endanger the border order is prohibited.
According to the notice, anyone who violates these above-mentioned prohibitions will be held accountable according to law, and transferred to the judicial authorities if the action constitutes a crime.
Join the GlobalSecurity.org mailing list


On the official webcast of SpaceX's Iridium-4 mission a "throttle down and throttle back up of the Falcon 9 first stage engines" is mentioned. Why would one throttle down at a crucial time during steep ascent, way before MECO? Is it to weaken the effect of max Q?
 - 9
 $\begingroup$ For those that aren't regulars on Space.SE, MECO - Main Engine Cut Off, Max Q - Maximum Aerodynamic Pressure. $\endgroup$ – JPhi1618 Jan 3 '18 at 15:40
Yes, exactly that. The engines are throttled up to the highest extent possible during all phases of flight to reduce gravity losses; but must be throttled down during at least two points during flight:
 1. When Falcon passes through Maximum Aerodynamic Pressure (Max-Q) which is a combination of atmospheric density and velocity that puts the greatest strain on the vehicle. This effect is more prominent during Dragon launches due to the frontal shape of Dragon.
 2. As Falcon nears MECO to limit acceleration on the payload, if necessary.
These two flight aspects can be seen very clearly in this exceptionally detailed graph produced by /u/veebay on r/spacex:
enter image description here
The graph on the right hand side shows a reduction in net acceleration for Dragon missions around Max-Q, along with a tailoff in net acceleration just before booster cutoff.
 - 6
 $\begingroup$ Technically, you don't have to throttle down during Max-Q. You could also build a stronger rocket. But you don't want to lift a stronger (and thus heavier) rocket for the entire 2 minutes just because you need strength for literally a couple of seconds, and that's why you opt to throttle down. $\endgroup$ – Jörg W Mittag Jan 3 '18 at 20:19
 - 2
 $\begingroup$ Anything's true if you put it in the right context. Technically you could build a stronger payload too and not need to throttle down prior to MECO, also. But, alas, we live in reality and have technical, physical, and structural constraints, so Falcon does have to throttle down :) $\endgroup$ – ReactingToAngularVues Jan 3 '18 at 21:29
 - 3
 $\begingroup$ Technically, you don't have to do either. You simply have to reduce atmospheric density to reduce the stress incurred during Max-Q. Oh, sorry, thought this was World Building SE. $\endgroup$ – corsiKa Jan 4 '18 at 1:33
 - $\begingroup$ /u/veebay made several more interesting graphs. Worth studying! $\endgroup$ – asdfex Apr 3 '18 at 18:12
Your Answer


Skip to navigation Skip to content
How To Remove Limescale From Your Toilet
Limescale is a common problem in the UK that can leave unsightly stains in your toilet. In this guide we outline how you can remove limescale from your toilet, where it comes from and how you can prevent it coming back.
How To Remove Limescale From Your Toilet:
 1. Pour vinegar into the toilet bowl
 2. Leave for 3-4 hours
 3. Scrub the toilet bowl
 4. Flush the toilet
 5. Repeat as necessary
Step 1: Pour Vinegar Into Your Toilet
Vinegar is a great natural cleaner which will be cheaper than most specialist cleaners your can buy. First, pour a litre of white vinegar into your toilet bowl. As your pour make sure the vinegar reaches all parts of the bowl. Pay close attention to covering areas with particularly bad limescale.
Step 2: Allow The Vinegar To Sit
After you've poured the vinegar into your toilet, leave it to work its magic for 3-4 hours. If your limescale is particularly bad you can leave it overnight.
Step 3: Scrub The Toilet Bowl
Now you've let the vinegar work, it's time to use your toilet brush to scrub the areas of limescale. At this point you can also add some more vinegar if the stains don't appear to be shifting.
If you have some particularly stubborn stains, grab a pair of gloves & scrub the areas more vigorously with the scourer side of a kitchen sponge. When scrubbing, it's important to apply vinegar or water to the area first and be very careful not to scratch the surface of the toilet.
Step 4: Flush The Toilet
Once you feel you've scrubbed all of the limescale away, flush the toilet a few times to clear any remaining vinegar and mineral deposits.
Step 5: Repeat Until The Toilet Is Clean
If you've followed these steps and your toilet still isn't clean, you can repeat the process above until you can hopefully remove all of the limescale. If the stains are really stubborn, try leaving the vinegar in your toilet overnight, which should hopefully shift the limescale. If this method doesn't work for you, it could be time to replace your toilet with a shiny new one.
Remove Limescale With Cola
The acidity of cola makes it really useful for cleaning purposes, particularly when trying to break down limescale. This is another method which will save you having to buy expensive specialist cleaners.
1. Pour Cola Around The Bowl
First you'll need to pour the cola, making sure you coat the whole bowl whilst paying close attention to any problem limescale areas. Although there isn't a specific amount to use, roughly the size of a regular can of cola should be enough.
2. Leave To Sit
Next you'll need to leave the cola to get to work. This should be for at least an hour but you can leave it overnight if there's a large amount of limescale.
3. Scrub The Limescale
As with the vinegar, you'll next need to scrub the limescale with your toilet brush. You can again use gloves and a kitchen sponge to work harder at particularly stubborn areas.
4. Flush The Toilet
You can now flush your toilet and hopefully see that the limescale is removed. If it doesn't work the first time you can always repeat the process again.
Removing Limescale With Specialist Products
There's a whole host of specialist limescale cleaning products available which should help remove any stains. If you choose to use one of these cleaners, make sure it will actually remove the limescale, rather than just altering its colour.
Sandpaper Or Pumice Stones
You might hear that people have had success removing limescale by scrubbing with something harsher such as sandpaper or a pumice stone. Although this may help remove the limescale, there's also a chance that you could damage the finish of your toilet, so this isn't something we'd recommend.
What Is Limescale?
Limescale is a chalky substance that you'll find on many items throughout your home that come into contact with water. When water moves through softer rocks like limestone or chalk, it will pick up some of their minerals. These minerals will remain in the water when it reaches your home which then leads to limescale stains.
Limescale, which is mainly composed of calcium carbonate, will appear in your toilet as a brown, orange or pink coloured stain.
Hard Water Areas
Limescale is a problem in hard water areas. Hard water has high concentrations of minerals within it, compared to soft water which will have a very small or no mineral content.
Whether you have hard water or soft water will largely depend on where you live. You can check with your water company but overall, over 60% of people in the UK live in a hard water area.
Preventing Limescale In Your Toilet
As limescale is caused by the mineral content of the water supply to your home, rather than a lack of cleaning, preventing limescale buildups can be difficult. However, using the methods above regularly will help remove the limescale before it becomes a harder problem to tackle.
Lemon Or Vinegar
Pouring a small amount of lemon or vinegar into your toilet once a month can help prevent the build up of limescale deposits. The acidity of these will help wash away any smaller limescale deposits without the need for intense scrubbing.
Water Softeners
Another, albeit more expensive approach is installing a water softener in your home. These devices will remove the minerals in the hard water supply, which should prevent the buildup of limescale in your toilet.
Keeping your toilet free of limescale isn't easy but with a little bit of work, you should be able to keep it looking great. If you've scrubbed your toilet and the limescale doesn't want to budge, it could be time to replace it. Luckily, Tap Warehouse have an excellent selection of toilets to choose from.
You might also like
Back to top


text:
Q. What is all natural sea bird nests make of? How does it benefit the body?
A. All natural sea bird nests main ingredients include sea natural aquatic plate proteins and enzymes derived from essence of the sea. It has high collagen content. Which aids in skincare, digestion & improve gut motility. Its rich source of iron helps to increase body's storing and creation of iron & red blood cells content. This enhances oxygen carrying capacity of blood and improves blood circulation. Its good source of calcium helps to build healthier & stronger bones. By replenishing body's calcium, it can also prevent osteoporosis. As it contains all pure natural products, there are no side effects and is suitable for long term consumption.
Q. How do all natural sea bird nests alleviate osteoporosis and joint pain?
A. All natural sea bird nests has a high calcium content, as much as 600 times more then what we can obtain from animal sources. In other words, consuming 1kg of all natural sea bird nests is equivalent to consuming 600kg of meat in terms of calcium content. The high content of calcium and collagen rapidly replenish cartilage erosion and calcify the bones, thus reducing pains caused by cartilage & bones inflammation while increasing bone density.
Q. How important is iron in our body?
A. The lack of iron results in iron deficient anemia, fatigue and inadequate oxygen carrying capacity of blood. With all natural sea bird nest's high iron content, which is equivalent to 28 times the amount found in pork liver, is an essential component for the formation of healthy red blood cells, scientifically known as haemopoiesis (blood forming).
Q. What is collagen? How does it benefit out body?
A. Collagen recently has become a hot topic among numerous cosmetic product. Its effects are well known and widespread throughout the body. Not only for its anti-aging and skin repair abilities, collagen is needed to maintain the integrity of blood vessels and act as a structural support for cartilage, tendon, tissues and even the cornea of the eyes. As collagen is present in large amount in all natural sea bird nests, it accelerates the healing process of our skin, prevent outbreaks, ease blemishes and lighten scar marks, leaving your skin radiant & supple.
Q. Why should we consume dietary fiber?
A. According to the dietary guidelines given by Ministry of Health, an adult should consume around 25-30g of dietary fibers a day to meet his daily needs. However, according to surveys conducted, most working adults consumed less then this required amount due to hectic lifestyle and unhealthy eating habits. Dietary fibers are the indigestible portion of plant


text:
June 17, 2010 in Learning Jazz
Brent Jensen, Origin Saxophone Recording Artist and Professor of Jazz Studies at the College of Southern Idaho, tells us how he approaches learning tunes. This is his third video in the series (Part 1 has two parts). The original handout is also below as well as text and a.pdf document. Enjoy! Make sure to check out all of Brent's videos!
Brent Jensen's Recordings
Feel free to listen to some of this awesome material Brent recorded. He's got some great stuff! It's just fun to hear a sample of what he has recorded. Also, any purchases of these songs or albums made through this site will help Brent Jensen, Origin records, and this website will even get a little kickback from anything you order through Amazon. We appreciate your support so we can continue the website! Thank you.
SEVEN STEPS TO HEAVEN
by Brent Jensen
(with thanks to Jiggs Whigham)
1. Memorize the melody. Listen to a wide variety of recordings of the song. Work on playing the song in different keys, tempos and styles. Try to exhaust the melodic possibilities of the song and absorb it into your subconscious.
2. Memorize the form of the song (blues, AABA, etc.) and the chord progression. Play through the entire form using root/third/fifth patterns on the changes. Play through the form using whole notes & half notes (background figures) and quarter notes (as in a bass line).
3. Play through the tune using short, repeated rhythmic patterns (riffs) and note groupings (non-repetitive) of three to seven notes.
4. Play using long, connected lines (mostly eighth notes) without breaking the flow. Concentrate on creating as much density (ala Coltrane) as possible.
5. Play using very few notes and relying primarily on color (vibrato, bends, growls, sub-tone, etc.) and space. Concentrate on creating as much space (ala Miles) as possible.
6. Work on varying articulation by playing through the tune entirely in a legato style and then again in a marcato style. Experience the extremes of each method of attack and work to integrate them more naturally into your playing style.
7. Work on the elasticity of your time conception by playing "on top" of the beat, "behind" the beat (laying back) and "ahead" of the beat (rushing). Practice with a metronome set for "2 and 4" (ie: the drummer's hi-hat) and on all four beats (ie: a walking bass line).
For more posts by Brent Jensen, you can go to:
No related posts.
Related posts brought to you by Yet Another Related Posts Plugin.


text:
- The Bayesia Product Portfolio
- BayesiaLab Knowledge Hub & Library
- BayesiaLab Community
- Courses & Events
- BayesiaLab Store
Bayesian Expert System for Troubleshooting
The BEST suite consists of a set of software modules for the design, administration and operational deployment of intelligent troubleshooting applications for complex technical domains. It provides powerful and easy-to-use tools for modeling and disseminating expert knowledge. BEST features machine learning capabilities that can automatically improve models using in-service experience. Additionally, BEST can generate troubleshooting strategies that minimize the cost of performing diagnosis.
Invented by Judea Pearl in the 1980s at UCLA, Bayesian networks are a mathematical formalism that can simultaneously represent a multitude of probabilistic relationships between variables in a system. The graph of a Bayesian network contains nodes (representing variables) and directed arcs that link the nodes. The arcs represent the relationships of the nodes.
Whereas traditional statistical models are of the form y=f(x), Bayesian networks do not have to distinguish between independent and dependent variables. Rather, a Bayesian network approximates the entire joint probability distribution of the system under study.
Researchers can use BayesiaLab to encode their domain knowledge into a Bayesian network. Alternatively, BayesiaLab can machine-learn a network structure purely from data collected from the problem domain. Irrespective of the source, a Bayesian network becomes a representation of the underlying, often high-dimensional problem domain. The researcher can then use BayesiaLab to carry out "omni-directional inference," i.e., reason from cause to effect (simulation), or from effect to cause (diagnosis), within the Bayesian network model.
On this basis, BayesiaLab offers an extensive analytics, simulation and optimization toolset, providing comprehensive support for policy development and decision making. In this context, BayesiaLab is unique in its ability to distinguish between observational and causal inference. Thus, decision makers can correctly simulate the consequences of actions not yet taken.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Need information on creating a connection pool to the database (irrespective of the database), and how efficient they are? What are the conditions where they can enhance performance.
How to create it explicitly?
share|improve this question
add comment
6 Answers
Your question is a bit ambiguous:
Do you want to homegrow a connection pool implementation? If so, this is a nice starting point: _URL_ But this is highly discouraged for production environments. Better use an existing and thoroughly tested connection pooling API, like DBCP or C3P0.
Or do you want to know how to use a connection pool? If so, the answer depends on the connection pooling API you're using. It's fortunately usually available at the website of the API in question.
Or do you want to know when/why to use a connection pool? If so, it will surely enhance connecting performance if you have a long-living application (e.g. a webapplication) and you need to connect the database more than often. The normal JDBC practice is namely: acquire and close the Connection, Statement and ResultSet in the shortest possible scope (i.e. inside the very same method block). Because connecting is fairly expensive and can take up to 200ms of time or even more, using a connection pool is much faster. It gives connections on demand and takes care about actually closing the connection. That does however not mean that you may change the way you write JDBC, you still need to acquire and close them in the shorest possible scope. The only thing you need to change is the way you acquire the connection. E.g. change from
connection = driverManager.getConnection();
connection = connectionPool.getConnection();
No more changes are needed as long as your JDBC code is well-written.
share|improve this answer
add comment
The intro page to Apache DBCP sums it up nicely:
How efficient are they? Depends on the implementation. Typically I would expect a pool to instantiate connections either at start-up or on request. The first connection will require a real connection to the database, and thereafter when you request a connection, you're given an existing pooled connection. So the first connection request will take the most time, and afterwards you're just pulling objects from a collection (very fast).
share|improve this answer
Since Sachin specifically asked where pools can address performance, I would add that they generally only make sense in a client-server application, where you have fewer connections than users. In particular, they would not make sense in a thick-client app where you have one user connecting to a database. – John Stauffer Nov 10 '09 at 10:43
add comment
Creating connections to databases are very expensive operations. Connection pools are instances of database connections that are created and cached. Anytime a new connection to a database is desired, one from the pool is used instead of creating a new connection. Some platforms like.NET + SQL Server use connection pools by default (you don't need to create your own). So, they basically enhance performance by saving time in creating new connections each time.
share|improve this answer
add comment
Using a connection pool, you save time at every access because connection is already established.
Moreover, at least on Oracle, you keep the compiled statement linked to the connection, so repetitive execution of same SQL statement is even quicker.
(see PreparedStatement if you are in Java/JDBC)
The only risk of counter-performance is when you keep too many idle connections in your pool, the associated ressources (your side and on database) are wasted.
share|improve this answer
Keep in mind that connections also lock up resources (threads, buffers) in the server. And an established connection is always authenticated via a specific user/password pair. So if connection pooling only works, when all connections use the same database account – Carsten Kuckuk Nov 10 '09 at 10:44
Yes you're totally right with the unique database account concern. (This can be a problem when migrating from C/S application to web for example, if the authorization is in DB, based on the connected user.) – Fouteier Nov 10 '09 at 10:50
add comment
Have a look at BoneCP (_URL_) in the benchmark section for some numbers. Remember that preparedStatements etc are tied to a connection so you'll need to prepare them again and again if you're dealing with connections yourself (a connection pool will cache those for you too).
My best solution so far: Use a lazyDataSource that only gives you a connection when you really need it (i.e. not blindly - if the data can come from a cache then you can avoid the database hit)
share|improve this answer
add comment
Creating a database connection may or may not be an expensive operation, depending on your environment and what you intend to do with it.
If you're going to run a single very easy query, then connecting probably takes as long (or longer) than the query.
Some databases have a much bigger connection overhead than others; if tuned correctly, mysql should have very little (above the time to make a tcp connection and do the protocol handshake). However, if latency to your server is very high, even this can be quite significant (particularly if you intend to do only a few queries).
If you're planning to do, say, 100 queries, or a few really slow queries, then the connection time disappears into insignificance.
In generally I'd say open a new connection each time until you can demonstrate that it's a real performance problem. Using connection pooling can lead to BUGS, which we don't like:
 - Connection state wasn't COMPLETELY reset after the previous use in the pool - so some state lingers and creates unexpected behaviour resulting in a bug
 - Connection was closed in some way (perhaps by a stateful firewall timeout) which cannot be detected, therefore an app tries to use a closed connection, causing a long delay or failure
share|improve this answer
For a web environment you really don't want to be getting a connection (from a pool or otherwise) at the beginning of a query, perform 100s of queries, then close it. That effectively locks your connection (which is a limited resource on the database side), and thus limits the number of users your website can support. Far better to take from pool, use, put back into pool (before any code that takes a lot of time). Considering that supporting connection pools is a few lines of code (once only in your datasource manager utility class), there is no excuse not to use them. – JeeBee Nov 10 '09 at 10:51
add comment
Your Answer


Types of Bridges
There are different types of bridges, each serving a specific purpose and selected in different situations.
The bridge is a man-made rigid structure built over a barrier to provide passage over a barrier, the passage may be for railway, road, canal, pipeline etc.
The design of the bridges will vary depend on the efficiency of the bridge and characteristic of the area where the bridge is to be constructed.
Component parts of a bridge:
The bridge structure consists of the following parts as follows:
Superstructure (Decking):
Superstructures include slabs or girder or truss, etc.
The super-structure carries the load passing over the passage and transmits the forces caused by the sub-structures.
The substructure does not have sufficient bearing strength to carry the superstructure load directly on it.
To assist these loads, the bearings are designed, it helps carry the load from the deck and evenly distributes it over the substructure.
Substructures include piers, abutments, wing walls that are provided to transmit a load of superstructure to the earth.
Different types of bridges:
types of bridges
Beam bridge or Stringer Bridge:
These bridges are simply supported bridges with horizontal beams and vertical piers, also known as stringer bridges or girder bridges.
Bridges of this type are usually characterized with two or more spans that are supported by abutment or pier at each end.
These types of bridges have been constructed using RCC, wood, steel, etc.; the length of the beam bridges is less than 80 meters.
They are simply supported bridges (beams that are supported on piers), where the beams are placed in support.
In such bridges, the beam must be strong enough to bear the load on it. These loads are subsequently used to support the bridge on earth.
There is compression in the top edge of the beam as the load is applied to where the lower part of the beam is being pulled and under tension.
Forces on Beam Bridge:
Forces mostly act on the upper and lower surfaces of a beam bridge.
The force of gravity acts downward on the objects on the bridge and the bridge reactions support the beam turning in the middle.
This squash (compressed), the upper surface of the beam.
Advantages of Beam Bridge:
 1. This type of beam is very easy to construct and erect.
 2. Thiese beams are good for short spans.
 3. Wide distances can be seen by resting smilingly on the platform.
 4. Ease of construction of temporary bridges.
Disadvantages of Beam Bridge:
 1. They are expensive, requires RCC for construction.
 2. They are restricted by boundaries.
Arch bridgeTypes of Bridges:
An arched bridge is the most popular kind of bridge used extensively by the ancient Romans.
The arch bridge is normally made from stone, concrete or steel as the name suggests, the bridge is within the shape of an arch.
An arch bridge is a curve-shaped bridge, where the load on the curve is not instantly applied down but instead, the load is carried alongside the curve of the arch to the tip of the support.
Sense that no part of the bridge exerts a large amount of pressure, these supports are also called abutments.
The abutments carries the weight of the entire bridge, which is responsible for keeping the arch in precise position.
Force on arch bridge:
The number of curves (arches) in a bridge depends on the stress and load that the bridge must support.
The span length of arch bridges is generally up to 250 meters and the road to the bridge is located on the arch structure.
Advantage of Arch Bridge:
 1. Easy to manufacture with locally available materials.
 2. This type of bridge is very rigid and extremely strong.
 3. Arc bridges are constructed with different types of materials such as stone, concrete, steel, etc.
Disadvantages of Arch Bridge:
 1. It takes a very long time to make assemble.
 2. It requires a considerable amount of construction materials for its development.
Truss Bridge:
The truss is a framework consisting of struts (inclined members).
These bridges are constructed using trusses that consist of several small elements forming a triangular truss.
The span length of the truss bridge is between 50 m-1100 m.
Force on truss bridge:
The single-span bridge is similar to the supported beam because it bends and loads vertically.
Bending causes compression in the top chords (or horizontal members), tension in the bottom chords, and tension or compression in the vertical or oblique members depending on their orientation.
The trusses are very rigid, lightweight and can support heavy loads.
The trusses serve to move the load from one point to a wider area. The bridge weighs is very less than other types.
When the load is applied to the truss bridge, compression happens within the top edge and load is shared between the angled members to support.
Advantages of Truss Bridge:
 1. This type of bridge is easily constructed on the manufacturing unit after which constructed on-site.
 2. The piers or supports are comparatively shorter than the beam bridge.
 3. They are strong and rigid which makes efficient use of very light material.
Disadvantages of truss bridge:
 1. It requires highly specialized laborers to design.
 2. They are more complex than beam bridges for designing.
Suspension bridgesTypes of Bridges:
These bridges are constructed by suspending the deck slabs using suspension cables.
The roadway is hung using a metal cable that connects the two towers and is secured by anchors at each end of the bridge.
In addition to the deck slab, the truss system also features with the truss system just below the deck that helps to stiffen and position the deck to reduce the tendency to block the passage.
When the load is applied to a suspension bridge, compression occurs in the deck slab and then travels to ropes, cables, or chains to transfer compression to the towers.
The towers then dissolve the compression directly into the earth by anchoring.
Auxiliary cables that run parallel to the bridge have tension forces are attached to the anchor.
Bridge anchorages are large-scale concrete blocks that serve to stretch the tension force onto the ground.
Bridge anchors are essentially concrete rock or massive concrete blocks in which the bridge is formed.
The tensional force passes into the anchorage and the ground, the span length of the suspension bridge is between 150m-2000m.
Forces on Suspension bridges:
The primary forces in a suspension bridge are tension within the cable and compression within the towers.
The deck which is normally a truss or a box girder is connected to suspension cables by vertical suspender cables or rods known as hangers under tension.
Advantages of Suspension Bridge:
 1. It is robust and lightweight.
 2. This type of bridge provides long spans which helps in crossing the river.
Disadvantages to the suspension bridge:
 1. They are expensive to manufacture.
 2. It is prone to drifting and rippling with the wind, so this bridges are not suitable for railways.
Cable-stayed bridge:
This type of bridge is a modern bridge similar to a suspension bridge.
In this type, cables are attached directly to the tower instead of suspended cables, the tension on the cables is continuously working, which is increased when attached along the road.
This type of bridge has no anchorage to bear compression and a tower to hold compression.
The cable-stay bridge size is between 500 m- 1000 m.
Force on cable-stayed bridge:
In this types of bridges, cables are radially coupled on the roadway at varying factors and the towers bear compression forces alone.
Advantages of cable-stay Bridge:
 1. These bridges are more economical as compared to suspension bridges.
 2. It is good for medium spans and simply made by cantilever out of the tower.
Disadvantages of cable-stayed bridge:
 1. In this bridges, maintenance and inspection can be more difficult.
 2. This type of bridge is not suitable for far distance.
Cantilever bridge:
The term cantilever means that the beam which has only one support and the other end is kept free in space.
The cantilever bridges are similar to continuous bridges, however, do not assume that one end of the bridge is kept free.
Cantilever bridge are constructed in parts and two free ends are linked with suspended decks.
The cantilever bridge is between 150- 500 m size.
Force on cantilever bridge with suspension deck:
This bridge is subjected to compression and tension forces.
In this type of bridge, a suspended deck is supplied to connect the two free ends of the cantilever bridge.
When the load is applied to the cantilever bridge, the top supports are subject to a dimensional force (pulling force), and the decrease supports are subjected to the compression force (pushing force) that makes the bridge balanced.
 As long as the force is balanced, the bridge will remain in a steady state.
Advantages of cantilever bridge:
 1. These bridges are adopted only when assistance cannot be provided to specific positions.
 2. Supports is required on only one side of the cantilever.
Disadvantages of cantilever bridge:
 1. Cantilever bridges are prone to high bend stresses during construction.
 2. If forces are not balanced the bridge may buckle.
Various types of bridges combines difficult areas for easy trade and transportation of goods, it time reducing travel for military use.
Also low emissions due to displacement.
Hello, I'm Rahul Patil founder of Constructionor.com, I had studied B.E.


text:
I have a table called 'individuals'. It has 5 entities i.e. ID (int,) name (String), surname (String), Age (Int) and currencyBalance(double). These are stored in a mySql Database.
I would like to make a GUI that allows the user to enter a value (as currency). This value is then added to the currencyBalance in the database.
I was thinking of making 2 SQL queries. One that returns the balance as an integer and the other updates the Balance by adding the balance returned to the user input. However how do i enter the user data in the SQL query? The idea is to have a simple working application.
I think the SQL Query queries should read something like this am i right?
SELECT balance FROM individuals WHERE ID='1'
UPDATE individuals (SELECT balance FROM individuals WHERE ID='1') SET balance=USERDATAGOESHERE WHERE name='George'
Any better refinement on the logic? Is there a better and more effective way to do this?


text: From Virgil of Ancient Rome to Longfellow of America, Greenland is always the most graceful poem. From the ancient Nordic folk to the rock band in 70s, the story of ice and snow has been spread and sung by numerous people. Even highly developed modern science fails to blot out the brilliant rays of those myths. Greenland still maintains its mysterious attitudes, such as dazzling aurora, mighty tundra, twinkling icicle, weird iceberg, extreme cold and the Inuit rarely speaking. Why not take your UnionPay card (card number starting with 62) to find fairy tales in Greenland.


text:
Head shaving is the practice of shaving the hair from a person's head. At different times and places people have shaved, all or part of, their heads for very diverse reasons: practical, religious, cultural, or aesthetic—so a shaven head has widely varying connotations depending on the context.
Early history
The earliest historical records describing head shaving originated in ancient Mediterranean cultures, such as Egypt, Greece, and Rome. The Egyptian priest class ritualistically removed all body hair by plucking. This included hair on the head, eyebrows, and beard.
|This section does not cite any references or sources. (February 2012)|
The practice of shaving heads has been used in the military. Although sometimes explained as being for hygiene reasons, the image of strict, disciplined conformity may certainly be a factor. During the allied invasion of Normandy on D-Day, many soldiers chose to have their heads completely shaved, denying the defending Germans something to grab onto when the battle moved to close quarters. For the new recruit, it can be a rite of passage, and variations become a badge of honour (see jarhead).
The militaries of the United States, Russia, and several other countries have welcomed their recruits by giving them haircuts using hair clippers with no guard attached. As of 2011, shaved heads continued to be standard haircuts in the United States Air Force, United States Marine Corps, United States Army, and the United States Coast Guard during basic/recruit training - upon graduation from training, grooming restrictions are relaxed in accordance with each service's regulations. In Greece, this practice was abolished on June 25, 1982, when the military started allowing recruits to have up to 4 cm of hair. Before then, the regulation haircut in the Greek army for recruits was en hro (an archaic phrase for "shaved to the bone").
A shaved head continues to be common place in the United States military. There have been traditions spawned from shaving a service members head. Most notable is the tradition of shaving one's head when a service member enters the Mediterranean Sea by ship for the first time, known as "Med Head".
Prison and punishment
Prisoners commonly have their heads shaven, often ostensibly to prevent the spread of lice, but clearly also as a demeaning measure.
Having the head shaved can be a punishment prescribed in law, but also something done as "mob justice" - a stark example of which was the thousands of European women who had their heads shaved in front of cheering crowds in the wake of World War II, as punishment for associating with occupying Nazis during the war.
Muslims shave their head when performing Umrah.
Throughout much of the 20th century in many Western countries, head shaving was considered somewhat unusual or lower class. Head shaving was often associated with manual workers such as seamen, dock workers and soldiers, as well as with prisoners and hospital patients.
Competitive swimmers will often shave their entire body, including the head, to reduce drag while swimming.
People with alopecia often choose to shave their heads to hide the effects. Those with Alopecia areata and men facing male pattern baldness may choose to shave fully. Michael Jordan, Mark Messier, Andre Agassi, Kerry King of Slayer, Rob Halford of Judas Priest, Billy Corgan of the Smashing Pumpkins, Phil Selway of Radiohead, Michael Stipe of R.E.M., theoretical physicist Kip Thorne, and actors Bruce Willis and Mark Strong are famous examples.
Skinhead and other subcultures
In the 1960s, some British working class youths developed the skinhead subculture, whose members were distinguished by short cropped hair (although at that time they didn't shave their heads right down to the scalp). This look was partly influenced by the Jamaican rude boy style. It was not until the skinhead revival in the late 1970s — with the appearance of punk rock-influenced Oi! skinheads — that many skinheads started shaving their hair right down to the scalp. Head shaving has also appeared in other youth-oriented subcultures which include punk, hardcore, metalcore, Nu metal, hip hop, techno music, and neo-nazi scenes.
Sexuality, gender and LGBT
A sexual fetish involving erotic head shaving is called a trichophilia. While a shaved head on a man relates to virility, a shaved head on a woman typically connotes androgyny, especially when combined with traditionally feminine signifiers. It may well express membership in the bisexual, lesbian and/or genderqueer communities. Similarly, gay men sometimes incorporate a shaven head into their overall look. Specifically, the stereotypical "Castro clone" look commonly shave their heads in order to project a homoerotic ultra-masculine image. Drag queens have sometimes adopted shaven heads, again, to express a genderqueer image. In the BDSM community, shaving a submissive or slave's head is often used to demonstrate powerlessness, or submission to the will of a dominant.
Fundraising and support
In solidarity with cancer sufferers, some people chose to shave their heads - particularly as part of fund-raising efforts. (Baldness is a well known side-effect of the chemotherapy often used to treat cancer.)
In modern settings, shaved heads are often associated with characters who display a stern and disciplined or hardcore attitude. Examples are Samuel L. Jackson in roles such as Mace Windu and Nick Fury, Yul Brynner, and Vin Diesel. Goatee beards are often worn to complement the look or add sophistication. In futuristic settings, shaved heads are often associated with bland uniformity, especially in sterile futuristic settings such as THX 1138 (1971). In Fritz Lang's early science fiction film Metropolis (1927), hundreds of extras had their heads shaved to represent the oppressed masses of a future dystopia.
See also
- "Article 87... shall be sentenced to flogging, having his head shaven, and one year of exile...", The Islamic Penal Code of the Islamic Republic of Iran
- "Shaved Heads and Marked Bodies: Representations From Cultures of Trauma" Kristine Stiles, Duke University (1993) _URL_
- "An Ugly Carnival", The Guardian
- "Shorn Women: Gender and Punishment in Liberation France", ISBN 978-1-85973-584-8
- Geraldine A. Larkin, First You Shave Your Head, Celestial Arts (2001), ISBN 1-58761-009-4
- Old Skool Jim. Trojan Skinhead Reggae Box Set liner notes. London: Trojan Records. TJETD169.
- Marshall, George (1991). Spirit of '69 - A Skinhead Bible. Dunoon, Scotland: S.T. Publishing. ISBN 1-898927-10-3).


text:
Erbil to Baghdad distance, location, road map and direction
Erbil is located in iraq
at the longitude of 44.01 and latitude of 36.21. Baghdad is located in Iraq
at the longitude of 44.36 and latitude of 33.31.
- Driving Distance : 366 KM and 237 meters / 227.6 miles.
- Straight Line Distance : 323 KM and 400 meters / 201 miles.
- Travel time : 7 hours and 16 minutes.
- Direction and bearing : South side, 174 degree.
Distance between Erbil and Baghdad
The total straight line distance between Erbil and Baghdad is 323 KM
(kilometers) and 400 meters. The miles based distance from Erbil to Baghdad is 201
miles. This is a straight line distance and so most of the time the actual travel distance between Erbil and Baghdad may be higher or vary due to curvature of the road.
The driving distance or the travel distance between Erbil to Baghdad is 366 KM and 237 meters. The mile based, road distance between these two travel point is 227.6 miles.
Time Difference between Erbil and Baghdad
The sun rise time difference or the actual time difference between Erbil and Baghdad is 0 hours, 1 minutes and 24 seconds
Erbil and Baghdad time calculation is based on UTC time of the particular city. It may vary from country standard time, local time etc.
Erbil To Baghdad travel time
Erbil is located around 323 KM away from Baghdad so if you travel at the consistent speed of 50 KM per hour you can reach Baghdad in 7 hours and 16 minutes. Your Baghdad travel time may vary due to your bus speed, train speed or depending upon the vehicle you use.
Midway point between Erbil To Baghdad
Mid way point or halfway place is a center point between source and destination location. The mid way point between Erbil and Baghdad is situated at the latitude of 34.759689360214 and the longitude of 44.188129396901. If you need refreshment you can stop around this midway place, after checking the safety,feasibility, etc.
Erbil To Baghdad road map
Baghdad is located nearly South
side to Erbil. The bearing degree from Erbil To Baghdad is 174 ° degree
. The given South direction from Erbil is only approximate. The given google map shows the direction in which the blue color line indicates road connectivity to Baghdad. In the travel map towards Baghdad you may find en route hotels, tourist spots, picnic spots, petrol pumps and various religious places. The given google map is not comfortable to view all the places as per your expectation then to view street maps, local places see our detailed map here.
Erbil To Baghdad driving direction
The following diriving direction guides you to reach Baghdad from Erbil. Our straight line distance may vary from google distance.
Travel Distance from Erbil
The onward journey distance may vary from downward distance due to one way traffic road. This website gives the travel information and distance for all the cities in the globe. For example if you have any queries like what is the distance between Erbil and Baghdad? and How far is Erbil from Baghdad?. Driving distance between Erbil and Baghdad. Erbil to Baghdad distance by road. Distance between Erbil and Baghdad is 320 KM / 199.2 miles. distance between Erbil and Baghdad by road. It will answer those queires aslo. Some popular travel routes and their links are given here :-
Travelers and visitors are welcome to write more travel information about Erbil and Baghdad.
- It can be your previous travel experience between Erbil and Baghdad.
- Available transport routes to reach Baghdad like train routes, bus routes, air routes and cruise routes.
- Tourist places or any other important places on the routes between Erbil and Baghdad.
- Hotels, restaurant information on the way to Baghdad.
- Photos related to Erbil and Baghdad or en route.
- Travel queries and other relavent information related to this page.


text:
10 Amazing Things Seen For The First Time In The Animal World
The animal kingdom is constantly under a microscope, having been gazed upon by thousands of researchers over the centuries. Even so, every year, mind-blowing new fauna appears and old familiars break the rules in dramatic ways.
The most wonderful discoveries are often the weirdest—things that burst, bones that glow, and a language that resembles human speech in almost every way.
10 The Pompeii Horse
The disaster of Pompeii is mostly remembered for its gray human bodies frozen in agony. Around 2,000 perished when the Mount Vesuvius volcano overcame the Roman city in AD 79.
Researchers have found a few animals skeletons, including mules and donkeys, but only managed to make two successful casts, that of a dog and pig. These casts are what visitors see when they look at the "bodies" of Pompeii today.
In 2018, archaeologists were clearing the ruins of a stable outside the city when they found the first horse of Pompeii. A clearly defined ear showed that this was not another mule. The animal had perished inside the stable and was found on its side where it had fallen.
In life, the horse stood barely 152 centimeters (5'0″) tall at the shoulder and would have been considered small by today's standards. But it was by no means unimportant. Pieces of a bronze-and-iron metal harness unearthed near its head suggested that the horse was used during parades.
9 Chameleons Glow In The Dark
In 2018, researchers placed a few scaly subjects in the dark and zapped them with a UV lamp. In response, many of the chameleons began to glow an electric blue.
The bright biological light had nothing to do with the creatures' famed ability to switch shades. Remarkably, the neon radiance came from their bones. This ability of bones to glow under UV light is not new to science and is often used by those seeking fossils.
But living skeletons are wrapped in muscle and skin, making it harder to detect. This newly identified ability in chameleons was easy to spot thanks to a more shallow structure.
The reptiles' skeletons are lined with bony protrusions that almost touch the skin, allowing for an unobstructed fluorescence. Since chameleons can see ultraviolet light, they probably glow to look romantic (males have more shiny protrusions) or to communicate.
Not every chameleon has wattage, though. The trait is particular to rain forest–dwelling species where fluorescence flourishes in dark habitats. Interestingly, their skin could also boost the effect by filtering wavelengths of blue light.
8 Dolphin Suffocated By Octopus
In 2015, a dolphin washed up south of Perth. It was a male bottlenose in peak condition. The cause of death bulged from its mouth—a Maori octopus. The mammal appeared to have choked to death, but the finer details made this case unusual. From the onset, it was something that had never been recorded before.
Dolphins hunt these creatures, but never before did one fatally gag on an octopus. During the autopsy, the smallish lump protruding from the bottlenose's mouth surprised the doctor by turning out to be a lengthy specimen. The tentacles measured 1.3 meters (4.2 ft) long, and the cephalopod weighed 2 kilograms (4.6 lb).
To gulp down larger prey, dolphins temporarily disrupt their own breathing structure by dislodging the tissue connecting the blowhole and larynx. However, the octopus wrapped a tentacle around the larynx and the dolphin could not rebuild its breathing system.
He never choked on the octopus—it suffocated him. There is even a chance that the dolphin was actively killed by dead prey. After death, an octopus's arms can remain reactive for quite some time.
7 World's Most Bizarre Squid
In the Gulf of Mexico floats a creature that may or may not be a squid. Even researchers who specialize in tentacled oddities have no idea what they're dealing with.
NOAA's Okeanos Explorer, a remote submarine, encountered the bright red animal in 2018 when the sub was thousands of feet under the sea. The creature had stubby arms, but other tentacles appeared to be missing. Strangely, the squid also swam like a nautilus.
What stumped biologists was its posture. Some arms were rolled up its back, some were underneath, and some stuck out to the side. This could have been a defensive posture because the squid was aware of the submarine.
Another possibly for the scrunched-up look is that the arms keep "marine snow" from falling off the squid's back so that it can be harvested later. These food particles come from shallower waters and feed many deep-sea mouths.
If so, this survival tactic is a new one for the record books. Additionally, this could be Discoteuthis discus, a squid known only from fragments and which had never been seen alive.
6 Paramedic Ants
When matabele ants get hunger pangs, they like to march over to a termite nest and make a meal of the insects. Since termites are no pushovers, this always leads to a battle before dinner. Termites may have brute force, but the tiny sub-Saharan ant attackers have numbers, thanks to one unique behavior seen for the first time in 2017.
Matabele ants rescue their wounded comrades and carry them back home. No other ant species does this. By saving lives, their colonies are up to 30 percent bigger than if they had left the wounded behind.
Once snug and safe, the injured soldiers recover within days. Most rejoin the raids. Before getting fuzzy feelings because you believe that insects are showing compassion, researchers warn that empathy has little to do with the ants' decision to pick up fallen friends.
Pheromones from the hurt ants' mandibles trigger the paramedics to come running. In fact, it is highly likely that the rescuers are not even aware that help was needed.
5 Killer Whale Infanticide
Jared Towers have been studying killer whale pods in Canadian waters for years. In 2016, the cetacean expert's equipment lit up with frantic calls. They came from orcas northeast of Vancouver Island.
When Towers arrived to investigate, he found two family groups. The scientist recognized a 32-year-old male with his mother, and the pair was troubling another pod with a newborn calf.
As lethal aggression between killer whales is unheard-of, the scientist was shocked when the mother-and-son team worked together to kill the calf. They did not mutilate or consume the baby but simply drowned it. The calf's mother could not stop them, even after she attacked the male so violently that he shook and blood flew.
Infanticide (the killing of an infant of the same species) has never been recorded among orcas. Researchers suspect that the pair attacked the family for the same reason that other species kill unrelated young—to pass on their own genes. The involvement of the adult male's parent is the first hint that killer whale mothers help their sons (who often stay with them for life) with mating opportunities.
4 Exploding Ants
In the forests of Borneo, a new ant species defends its home in a really weird way. Discovered in 2018, Colobopsis explodens is full of toxic goo. When it encounters something perceived as unwelcome, the ant pops and splatters the enemy with a yellow poison. This tiny explosion is fatal to the popping ant but remains an effective weapon during territorial warfare with other nests.
There are about a dozen ant species that burst in defense, but this one is by far the most bizarre. In addition, not every member of Colobopsis explodens goes kamikaze on the neighbors. Only the minor workers have the ability to sacrifice themselves.
The major workers, identified by their larger heads, also have a strange tactic to protect the colony. The entrance hole of the nest has a diameter that is a close match to the noggin of a major worker. When there's danger, one ant simply jams its head into the front entryway, refuses to budge, and then nothing can invade the nest.
3 Sharks Missing Their Livers
The fishing town of Gansbaai in South Africa does not mind being near shark-infested waters. Taking tourists to see the fearsome predators is critical to the town's prosperity.
In 2017, something strange started happening when several great white sharks washed ashore on the beach. Though their bodies appeared several days or months apart, all the sharks had one thing in common—a missing liver. More disturbingly, when scientists examined the mutilated predators, they found that the organs had been extracted with surgical precision.
The sharks were massive, with one female measuring 4.9 meters (16 ft) long. With scientists looking toward a bigger and bolder enemy, suspicion fell on local orcas. Killer whales are known to consume shark organs, but plucking out the liver while leaving the rest is a first for South African waters.
Orcas may fancy the shark livers because they are packed with healthy vitamins and squalene. Responsible for the production of vitamin D, squalene also makes cholesterol and steroid hormones. Then again, maybe the livers just taste awesome to orcas.
2 Deer Eating A Human
In Texas, a 26-acre piece of land regularly sees bodies being dumped in the woods. Far from being the local Mafia's killing grounds, the land is a so-called body farm. Used by the Forensic Anthropology Research Facility from


text:
Arracacha (Arracacia xanthorrhiza)
Arracacha is from the same family as celery and carrot. The three main varieties, with their distinctively yellow-, white-, and purple-colored roots, are often intercropped with maize, beans, and coffee.
Arracacha produces high returns on investment, and is a high-value cash crop for poor farmers.
With a dense flesh that is richer in texture and taste than potato, the root can be roasted or boiled and used as an accompaniment to flavor a range of dishes from soups to desserts. Young stems are used in salad or as a cooked vegetable, and the leaves are often fed to livestock. The small size of Arracahca's starch grains make it easy to digest, so it is good pureed or in a soup for babies, the elderly, or people with disabilities. The processed roots are used as a thickener for baby food formula and instant soups.
The root's short shelf life means that it must reach consumers within a week of harvest, and the plant can be susceptible to viruses.
Arracacha is an important food in the Andes, but has made a greater impact in Brazil, where it has been cultivated for some 100 years and provides income to thousands of farm families as a major crop. Brazilian crop improvement programs have succeeded in developing varieties that grow in seven months, which could benefit other armers in the high Andes.


Tuesday, September 10, 2013
Annotation Semantics Changing for Generics
Annotations are a useful feature that essentially allow you to program the Crack compiler at compile time. They provide the functionality of macros in C plus a whole lot more - you can actually use them to implement your own domain specific languages, if you like.
Annotations are stored in a "compile time namespace." This is separate from the normal namespace that functions, variables and classes live in, but it follows the same resolution rules: annotations are scoped to the lexical scope in which they are defined.
Until now, annotations used in generics were no different from annotations in any other context. When the generic was instantiated with new parameters, it was essentially replayed into the same compile time context (including the same compile-time namespace).
Unfortunately, this approach doesn't work with caching. When a generic is cached, the original compile context is gone. We have to restore parts of that context (notably, the normal namespace) but the contents of the compile time namespace cannot be persisted or restored: it can contain arbitrary objects created by the annotation system, and, in fact, it routinely contains pointers to primitive functions.
The only way to restore the compile namespace of a generic is to replay the original source file it was defined in. This would be contrary to the purpose of caching, and it would also require us to create a dummy environment so as not to actually regenerate existing code and representational datastructures.
Rather than try to go down this path and further delay the 1.0 release, I've decided to impose some limitations on the way that annotations can be used with generics. This was a painful decision: I don't like having non-uniform semantics in the language. Annotations should work the same for generics as for any other code in a module, but something had to give and after discussing it with the team I feel this is the best compromise.
As of this morning's check-in, generics now preserve only imported annotations. So for example, the following code will no longer compile:
_USER_ crack.ann define;
_USER_ my_func() { void f() {} }
class A[T] { _USER_ }
It could be rewritten like this:
_USER_ crack.ann define;
class A[T] {
Note that the symbols defined with _USER_ can be reused -- it's possible for us to replay imports safely. But macros defined with _USER_ must be defined (or redefined) within the scope of the generic itself.


one small window…
on the world: a view on human rights
Citizenship Deprivation: 21st Century Banishment
In the past few years, citizenship-stripping has become an important weapon in the arsenal of anti-terrorism laws in many western countries. Citizenship is increasingly removed on the basis of conduct deemed prejudicial to state interests at the sole discretion of interior ministries and officials. There are few checks on these powers that have massive implications for the lives and liberties of those involved, their families and communities, rendering them vulnerable and unprotected. british-passport-_PHONE_
Citizenship-stripping powers have long existed in the UK and differ from similar powers in other European countries in many ways, particularly the ability to render an individual stateless. These powers were used sparingly in the twentieth century and between 1973 and 2002 were not used at all.
That changed with the post-9/11 political landscape. In 2003, deprivation of citizenship rendering a person stateless was disallowed but, for the first time, dual nationals born British citizens could lose their British citizenship. Tacked onto various laws, further powers were introduced by the former Labour government, but citizen-stripping really took off only after the Conservative Party came to power in 2010 (in a Coalition with the Liberal Democrats until 2015).
In May 2014, Home Office Minister James Brokenshire provided figures of the numbers of deprivation orders made since 2006: 27 orders were made on grounds that it was conducive to the public good, i.e. ostensibly related to national security and terrorism, and 26 orders were made on grounds of fraud or false representations; 48 of these orders were made by the Coalition government. An undisclosed number of dual nationals (or supposed dual nationals) in the former category had their British citizenship removed while overseas. The government has been accused of deliberately waiting until individuals are out of the country to make deprivation orders, which it denies.
Due to the failure to revoke the British citizenship of naturalised Iraqi-born Hilal Abdul-Razzaq Ali Al-Jedda, which would render him stateless, a provision was introduced in the Immigration Act 2014 that granted the Home Secretary the power to order the deprivation of British citizenship acquired through naturalisation, even where such an order would render a person stateless, when she deems that doing so is conducive to the public good.
The controversial nature of this power, which has few comparisons elsewhere, means that it is subject to regular review. The first review, covering the period from 30 July 2014 to 29 July 2015, was submitted to parliament by David Anderson QC, the Independent Reviewer of Terrorism Legislation, on 21 April. As the power was not exercised during that period, or by the publication date of the report, Anderson instead provided an outline of the evolution of this power and issues surrounding the deprivation of citizenship.
Anderson singles out two striking features of this particular power – the breadth of the discretion given to the Home Secretary: "Its exercise is not contingent on conviction for a terrorist offence, nor even on the satisfaction of one or more of the criteria that were set out in BNA 1981 [British Nationality Act], but only on the deprivation being "conducive to the public good" because the person, when a British citizen, "has conducted him or herself in a manner which is seriously prejudicial to the vital interests of the United Kingdom"."
The other key feature is the "absence of any requirement of judicial approval before deprivation is ordered." Other issues, which can only be tested by the exercise of the power, are mentioned. Anderson states that the power "is an unusually strong one in international terms." and "It extends further than the laws of most comparable countries in Europe, North America or Australasia" without having attracted as much controversy. He posits one reason for this being that similar laws have already existed and been used (before 1973) in Britain.
Consideration is given to existing or planned citizenship-stripping powers in other countries. While some states consider introducing or extending powers to strip the citizenship of dual nationals, including those born citizens of the state, rendering individuals stateless is seldom on the agenda. In this respect, unlike some other European states, the United Kingdom is not a party to the 1997 Convention on the Avoidance of Statelessness. In addition, when exercised, the power to make such orders is not usually applied when the individual is out of the country; the British government does not believe that an individual's rights apply under the European Convention on Human Rights in such cases. The United Kingdom nonetheless remains bound by two key United Nations conventions on statelessness.
Moves to introduce or expand citizen-stripping powers have met with fierce debate in all countries, due to the loss of protections the loss of citizenship entails. As such measures are suggested often as a knee-jerk reaction to specific incidents, such as bombings, the debate is often manipulated by the media and politicians. Anti-terrorism laws are a good means for otherwise unpopular governments to appear powerful against a vulnerable minority even though they are impotent to act against greater, more pervasive risks to society, such as homelessness, unemployment and poverty.
Recent developments:
Following the attacks in Paris in November 2015, the most controversial of a raft of knee-jerk measures announced by the French government was the extension of existing citizenship-stripping powers for dual nationals in the case of a terrorism conviction to those who acquired French nationality at birth. The legality and constitutionality of the measure were disputed and led to the resignation of Justice Minister Christiane Taubira in January. In late March, the measure was dropped.
On 11 February, as the now scrapped French measure cleared an important hurdle, lawmakers in Sweden voted overwhelmingly to reject an amendment proposed by the far-right Sweden Democrats Party to an anti-terrorism bill that would remove the citizenship of a Swedish national convicted of a terrorism offence, even if it rendered them stateless. Swedish law only allows the removal of citizenship due to false representations or corruption of an official.
In Canada, the government of Justin Trudeau is planning to repeal sections of the Strengthening Canadian Citizenship Act 2014, which amends the Immigration Act and expands measures for the revocation of Canadian citizenship, including after conviction for terrorist activities, as well as restricting the appeal procedure. For some, the proposed amendments go a long way but not far enough in addressing the inequalities and ambiguities created by this law.
Following the Charlie Hebdo attack in Paris in January 2015, the Belgian government proposed a 12-point antiterrorism package, which included a provision to remove the Belgian citizenship of naturalised dual nationals who have been sentenced to more than 5 years in prison for a terrorism offence. The law was passed and took effect in July 2015. Citizenship can only be removed by a judge and not a minister or civil servant.
With the ball rolling, the Flemish nationalist N-VA Party has since proposed the law is extended to dual nationals who are born Belgian citizens. Further controversy was raised when Brussels politician Rudi Vervoort compared the discriminatory nature of the law to Nazi policies: "Citizenship deprivation was used by the Germans to consider Jews as a separate kind of citizen. The Vichy government did the same thing."
In December 2015, Australia passed the Australian Citizenship (Allegiance to Australia) Act, "to ensure that Australian citizens accused of fighting for a declared terrorist organization, or acting inconsistently with their allegiance to Australia, will be stripped of their citizenship automatically, including that of their children, if they are dual nationals." The law applies retroactively, and to individuals aged over 14. The law was criticised by Australian Human Rights Commissioner Gillian Triggs as it "significantly threatens our freedoms. […] Counter-terrorism laws are but one example of the growing unchecked and unreasonable intrusion of executive government in our lives."
In February 2016, a Citizenship Loss Board, which has no statutory reference, was established. The board operates in secret and is not politically accountable. Nonetheless, it will decide on the cases of "more than 100 Australians involved in the conflicts in Iraq and Syria". Professor George Williams has called the board "an Orwellian development, and yet another indication of Australia's willingness to compromise good governance and basic rights in the name of the war on terror."
"Ineffective and counter-productive"
In his review of the UK's current law, David Anderson QC flags three arguments against citizenship deprivation powers on the grounds that they are "ineffective and counter-productive". Such criticisms have been made elsewhere too. "Exporting" convicted terrorists simply shifts and does not solve the problem or prevent possible re-offending. Use of the power can also result in lengthy and expensive legal battles concerning the human rights of individuals, as has happened already in the UK and has been raised with respect to Belgium. In a handful of cases in France, where an individual has lost their acquired French citizenship due to a terrorism conviction, it has proved legally impossible for the authorities to deport that person to their country of origin due to the risk of torture or persecution there, leaving that individual in perpetual limbo.
More importantly, Anderson points out that "The power encourages "the dangerous delusion that terrorism is (or can be made into) a foreign threat and problem", diminishing the incentive to deal with it domestically." The


Water chipmunks
From Uncyclopedia, the content-free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Water Chipmunk
Scientific classification
Kingdom Shit Maker
Phylum Chordata
Class Mammal
Order Herbivore
Family Castor
Genus Mutensis
Species Suckis Anusus
Binomial name
Primary armament 2d8+4, tackle
Secondary armament 1d1+4
Power supply Ugly
Health 15
Mana 0
Strength 3
Intelligence 3
Weight 15 lbs.
Length (1'5)-(3'5) Ft
Special attack Cancer
Conservation status
Common to North America
The water chipmunk gained its name because of the nature of its young. The young can be identified as chipmunk-like creatures swimming in shallow bodies of water, such as puddles, inflatable swimming pools, and toilets. The young are not dangerous, except to each other, because they are born by the hundred, and only the strongest survive by eating their brutish contemporaries. The Giant Mutant Herbivore South American Flat Tailed Water Chipmunks (Castor mutensis also henceforth known as the GMhSAFTWC).
The GMHSAFTWC is a not-so-distant relative of the North American beaver, a partially aquatic dwelling mammal that likes to bite at trees in order to nourish itself. There has been talk of beavers tending toward cannibalism, but this is purely speculation. The genesis of Castor mutensis is a curious one indeed, full with adventure, guesswork, and Tarantino-worthy gore.
edit The Origin of the Species
The story of the conception of Castor mutensis begins with the appearance of a renowned professor of North American Mammal History at Stanford University. This professor, known as William Butler Yeats, was an avid researcher of evolutionary trends in the Canadian [beaver]] which is slightly rarer than those in the USA. He decided to insert beavers into a completely alien environment in order to observe their development and possibly create the water chipmunks.
edit The Beginning of the Yeats' Study
Here is an excerpt from the diary of the professor himself:
Cquote1 I was in search of beavers, and beavers I found. They lived together in a dam along a stream adjoining the property, not far from a lake. I've been renowned in tracking skills- I've been following beavers my whole life. I got my best lead so far by following a trail of gnawed tree stumps in order to find their lair. It was a solid structure, all twigs and intricately tangled branches, with an underwater entrance. I carefully waded into the shallows with Panda, the dog. With a whispered order, gave the bitch a small metal devise of her own conception (And I do not mean conception or intercourse with the GMHAFTWC). The bitch took it placidly in her jaws and swam away, disappearing from view for a moment, then emerging some way downstream, dripping and grinning. I was pleasedand now all I had to do was wait.
The devise of which I speak is not a common one. In fact, it has only ever been used by myself, and its design itself is something I have yet to record. The idea was to create a small gas chamber in a metal box, sealed with an easily solvable membrane. The membrane generally takes about ten minutes to dissolve, and once it does, the gaseous compound inside the chamber comes free. In this particular case, it reacted with the water enough cause a tranquilizing steam, tranquilizing every animal above water within a radius of three feet. Thankfully it had been deposited next to the entrance to the beaver dam. Within another three minutes of the reaction caused by the tranquilizing substance, they would be asleep, and utterly vulnerable.
edit After Tranquilizing
This is an excerpt stolen from a black slave working for the professor, written by Jack Black.
Cquote1 The professor waited impatiently for a good twenty minutes in order for the gas to disperse, grumbling under his breath and stroking his ample mustache with great zeal, until he could no longer possibly wait. He then clambered precariously onto the top of the dam (which was, by the way, very large), and hacked at it briefly with a small hatchet removed from his belt. He made short work of breaking through the dam into the internal living chambers of the beavers, and with painful effort, hauled them out one by one. There were three. He slung one over his shoulder by the tail (making sure, despite the manhandling, that it would not be injured), and carried one under each arm. He staggered hastily back to the garden shed. Therein lay three very spacious cages, and he deposited the three beavers in one of them, with a sigh of relief. He closed the cage and started to leave, but just as quickly turned back, taking with him a wheelbarrow. Cquote2
edit Moving Upstream: The Journey Continues
This excerpt is also written by Jack Black.
Cquote1 He went farther upstream, repeated the process in another dam. And then another. Soon, there were nine beavers assembled in the cages. "Wonderful, excellent!" the professor chuckled under his impressive, walrus-esque facial hair. "Wonderful!" He left again for a moment, supporting his lower back, but looking for all the world as though he had discovered the meaning of life, and liked it. He came back not long after in a battered pickup truck, and lugged (this time, with the help of a sort of pulley system he had devised some years ago) the cages into the back, along with a parcel of food, his satchel, and the travel trunk. He drove away as quickly as he could, not looking back at Shep, who was looking dejectedly at the receding form of the pickup that held his master, or looking back at the house, or thinking about the short note left on the kitchen table for his wife. Cquote2
edit The Conclusion of the Adventure
The professor, it is fabled, made a great journey. On the day of his 30th birthday, he boarded a train, along with the beavers destined for Mexico. In the months that followed, he carried on through Central America and Brazil, and one day, finally arrived in Tierra Del Fuego, Argentina.
edit The Beginning of Evolution
Despite the chronic lack of revision and complete redundancy, the manner in which Yeats captured the beavers in question in perfectly clear. However, what happened next isn't so much. It is clear that Tortellini arrived in Argentina with the beavers, and that they evolved as he never could have imagined.
When he left he left behind a wife, two children, and 2 granddaughters taking only his one and only grandson with him. This next except is what his grandson later said about the beavers, now Castor mutensis:
Cquote1 First of all, the Beavers started by adapting to swimming in both salt water and fresh. They were numerous, seen wherever a body of water might be found. There are only three sorts of trees in Tierra del Fuego (Argentina). The beavers here transcended the trees (the pathetic excuses for foliage) and now are allowed to grow uninhibited. Instead, the beavers (I know, it's incredible!) have taken to burrowing. Their claws, once less massive, have grown to impossibly large sizes, almost like great scoops used to claw through the hard earth to form cavities under the ground. These are not the same beavers of my grandfather, but what else could they be? In twenty years, the beavers have turned into something completely different. On the third day, I saw them eating fish. They grow to what appears to be at least sixty pounds. And the main island is too small for them. Soon, they'll swim to the mainland. It is believed that my grandfather is insane, I will now be taking over all of his studies. My goal is not to mutate these things to live underground, my goal is to create new lakes and rivers using these things to burrow canals and fill them with water. Cquote2
edit The Transformation
Beavr bw
Anatomy of the beaver.
Indeed, the once-beavers had transformed into completely different creatures. They found themselves in Tierra Del Fuego, a terribly arid archipelago off the coast of Argentina, with only two varieties of trees. They fell short of food terribly quickly, and, observing the behavior of local otters, took to eating fish and other aquatic animals (anything smaller than bears, really). Castor mutensis is now an omnivore species, and as the grandson sited, individuals can maintain weights of 15 lbs at maximum. Furthermore, the beavers did run out of room, and swam to the mainland. Other than that.. We have no fucking goddamn idea what went on.
edit New Status of the Water Chipmunks as of 2006
The Giant Mutant Herbivore South American Flat Tailed Water Chipmunk is now the scourge of South America. The species has migrated in some cases so far north as Belize, though this is still under philosophical critique. After coming onto the mainland, the GMHSAFTWC took to eating land-dwelling creatures, such as squirrels, rabbits, house cats, and human infants and toddlers as well as all plant material around. Because of the unfortunate reactions of the humans in the area


formal internship/mentorship program should be incorporated as a requirement. Following the example of the Engineering profession, after the CAPM, CCT, CPPP, IPMA D etc, but BEFORE being allowed to qualify for the PMP, CCC/E, CPPM, IPMA C, there should be a formal Career Path Development Program in place with the work being logged and a 360 degree peer review required. (As with PMI?s PgMP and AACE?s C3PM)
To conclude, if anyone is interested in this topic for your Masters or PhD dissertation, I would be willing to serve as an advisor or supervisor for you in conducting a more rigorous, academically defendable study.
[3] Giammalvo, Paul D.?Is Project Management a Profession? And if not, what is it?? PhD dissertation, 2007
[4] Pierce v. AALL Insurance Inc. [513 So.2d 160, 161 (Fla. 5th DCA)],
[5] Garden v Frier [602 So.2d 1273 (FL 1992)]
[6] Jilek v. Berger Electric (441 N.W. 2d 660 [ND, 1989]
[7] This value was taken from the published requirements on the various certification websites and/or downloadable.pdf files.
[8] For the purposes of this experiment, the assumptions used in calculating BDEG were:
 1. The average project management undergrad degree required 130 credit hours for graduation;
 2. That for each 3 credit hours, 40 hours of class time was required;
 3. That for each 40 hours of class time, 2 hours of homework, research, writing or outside work was required by the student.
[9] For the purposes of this experiment, the assumptions used in calculating MDEG were:
 1. The average project management graduate degree required 36 credit hours for graduation;
 3. That for each 40 hours of class time, 3 hours of homework, research, writing or outside work was required by the student.
[10] As only PMI REQUIRES training prior to taking the PMP exam and because that training can be fulfilled by simply studying books of sample questions or listening to a podcast, I did not count it as being equal to academic course work and counted the hours only, with no outside or additional effort. (See exam prep effort below)
[11] Based on inputs received from several sources and based on firsthand experience, I assumed 30 hours of preparation for each hour of exam. For the PMP only, I deducted the required 35 hours from the total. (4 X 30 =120 -35 = 85
[12] To calculate the
[13] Gladwell, Malcolm,?Outliers?, 2008, Penguin Press, Chapter 2, pages 38-76
[14] For the purposes of calculation, as rarely do project managers work a?standard? 40 hour week, it was assumed that the hours of overtime offset the sick days, holidays and any non-project based work, which also may or may not be true and requires further research.
[15] Competent is defined by the Merriam Webster?s dictionary to be?the quality or state of being functionally adequate, characterized by marked or sufficient aptitude + attitude + skills + strength + knowledge?
[16] Source and supporting Excel and Word artifacts