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Seeing Inside Your Container Media
When you buy a good-quality root substrate, you are mostly purchasing holes. Solid particles from peat, bark, perlite, wood fiber and other components typically make up only about 20 to 30% of volume when a pot is filled with root substrate. The rest is made up of spaces, termed pores, which are filled with either air or water.
If we can match our irrigation practices with a substrate with adequate components and particle sizes, it results in a suitable balance of waterand air-filled pores for healthy root growth. It is difficult to visualize substrate physical properties such as porosity, but pores have a major effect on plant performance. In this article, we will try to help you see pores in a new light.
GOLDILOCKS SUBSTRATE – NOT TOO FINE, NOT TOO COARSE
If you have ever received a shipment of fine, dusty container substrate, then you may have experienced that the substrate is hard to dry down and holds excess water. This is because fine particles lead to small pores that are easily water-logged by irrigation, thereby starving plant roots of oxygen and promoting disease. For example, if a fine and compacted substrate is used in hydroponics where the substrate is continually saturated, root growth will decrease (Figure 1).
In contrast, if the substrate is very chunky, the resulting pores are large and filled with air rather than water. Use of large particles, such as the coarse perlite in Figure 2, means we can pour on water during propagation without starving roots of air, but the resulting transplant may fall apart or dry out quickly when shipped.
When we fully irrigate and drain a substrate in a pot, we refer to this level of moisture as "container capacity." High-quality greenhouse substrates typically have water-holding capacity around 60 to 75% in a 1-liter or 1-quart container at container capacity, and air porosity in the range of 10 to 20%. To test for water and air porosity in your own substrate, go to our website (_URL_) and select "Training" and "Root Substrates." You will find porosity testing and other protocols in English and Spanish (Figure 3).
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SMALL PORES AND LARGE PORES
Water adheres to the substrate particles that surround pores, because of attractive forces between both water molecules themselves, and between water and the particle surfaces (Figure 4).
At the micro-level, a root substrate contains a whole world of pores that are both large and small. You can see larger pores between peat particles in the scanning electron microscope image in Figure 5. The larger pores are likely to be filled with air. Within a peat particle, there are "internal" pores that will quickly fill with water. Internal pores may hold onto water so tightly that plant roots cannot extract it as the substrate dries ("plant-unavailable" water).
IRRIGATION'S IMPACT ON PORES
If a substrate is frequently irrigated, such as under mist propagation, it can be possible to completely saturate all pores and fill them with water. When pores are water-logged, there is no air available for root growth. That affects root growth and plant health. For example, callus can form on unrooted cuttings under high moisture conditions, as shown in the scaevola in Figure 6. However, (oxygen) to respire and grow and allowing the substrate to dry at least to container capacity is essential or rooting will be delayed.
We have used X-ray computed tomography (CT) scans of mixes to see how the balance between water and air change depending on our irrigation methods and substrate choices. For example, Figure 7 shows a 50-count propagation cell of Oasis foam (bottom) with different moisture levels. We typically want at least 10% volumetric air content to provide enough gas exchange for roots to "breathe" and get the oxygen they need for growth and functioning, which means allowing the substrate to dry to less than container capacity between irrigation events.
Figure 7 shows that as the substrate dries, the pores are no longer isolated holes but form a connected pipeline which allows air exchange and oxygen supply. You can see that the bottom of the substrate is the most saturated at container capacity, because gravity pulls water down whereas capillary action draws water up against gravity. This has practical implications. For example, the water/air balance at the base of a plant cutting will depend on how deeply the sticking is placed into the propagation cell.
You can clearly see the effect of pore size on capillary action in Figure 8, where finer pores draw up water to a greater height.
DIFFERENT PARTICLE AND PORE STRUCTURES
A scanning electron image highlights the different structure of foam and rockwool (Figure 9) compared with peat in Figure 5. Oasis and rockwool do not have as many small pores as peat, have a more even range of pore sizes, and water is easily available for root uptake because water is not held as tightly as peat. This means that water and air is more evenly distributed in peat from the bottom to top of a container, whereas Oasis and rockwool have a saturated zone at the bottom of a container but have less water and more air at the top of the container.
PARTICLE AND PORE SIZE WITHIN A SUBSTRATE TYPE
Within any component, such as peat, there can be a wide range in particle and resulting pore size (Figure 10). You may ask if adding a component such as wood fiber to your peat substrate will make it a "wetter" or "drier" mix. Figure 10 clearly shows the answer will depend on the particle size and porosity of the wood component compared with the specific peat source. Each component is like an ingredient in a pie, and you can achieve similar air and water porosity characteristics by understanding and blending the correct materials.
Acknowledgements: We thank our industry partners in the Floriculture Research Alliance (floriculturealliance.org), Specialty Crops Research Initiative, and Clean WateR3 from NIFA-USDA ARSfor supporting this research and extension program. Imaging instrumentation was provided by the University of Florida Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering's Research Service Centers (RSC).


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Retreat: noun: A place of refuge, seclusion, or privacy.
Both types of retreats are designed with our four pillars in mind, which we refer to as GRIT.
Gratitude: warmly or deeply appreciative of kindness or benefits received; thankful
Resilience: ability to recover readily from illness, depression, or adversity
Integrity: adherence to moral and ethical principles; soundness of moral character; honesty
Using these pillars, our retreats utilize various team building activities specific to the audience and the goal of each exercise. Each retreat will have the following components: community service, mindfulness techniques such as yoga and meditation, and team buildings exercises concepts. Each activity will be designed to impart a critical life lesson, enhance communication skills, challenge perspectives and build self-esteem. We have included activities local to each area so participants have a chance to relax and process all they are learning and experiencing.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


H5P Guides
Advanced Fill in the Blanks
Advanced Fill in the Blanks is a question type that allows creating fill in the blanks tasks with advanced feedback. The main difference between "Fill in the blanks" and "Advanced fill in the blanks" is that in the second, you can provide feedback for a specific incorrect answer and you can also offer answers for users to choose from a dropdown.
In this tutorial, you will learn:
 - When to use Advanced Fill in the Blanks content type
 - How to create an Advanced Fill in the Blanks activity
Not using H5P yet?
Here's the task we'll create in this tutorial:
Step 1: Topic
We are going to make an exercise where students should put the verbs into the correct tense. We'll offer individual feedback for most common mistakes so users can reflect and learn why each particular answer is not a suitable fit for each sentence.
Step 2: Creating Advanced Fill in the Blanks
Select the New content option and choose Advanced Fill in the Blanks from the list of Content types:
Advanced fill in the blanks inside H5P content Hub
Step 3: Advanced Fill in the Blanks editor
The Fill in the Blanks editor should now appear. The editor looks like this:
Step 4: Task Description
The Task description will be displayed to the learner and it should contain a question or instructions on how to solve a task. Type the following text in the Task description field:
Put the verbs into the correct tense. You'll get individual feedback for typical mistakes.
Step 5: Text with Blanks
Under Text with Blanks we will type the exercise like this:
He speaks English but he (not / speak) ___________ German.
Important: Make sure you use three or more underscores ("_") to specify the position where you want the blank to appear.
Now we should define all possible alternatives and also point out which one is correct. This is done in the "Blanks used in the text" section.
For alternative correct/incorrect answers type in "/" to separate alternatives.
For the first blank, we'll add the below as a correct answer:
 - Correct answer: doesn't speak/does not speak
And below as a set of incorrect answers and feedback if one of them is chosen:
 - Incorrect answer: speaks not/speak not
 - Feedback: Remember to use 'do/does' when negating a full verb (speak).
To add more incorrect answers use the "Add incorrect answer" button shown below:
We'll add one more set of incorrect answers:
 - Incorrect answer: don't speak/do not speak
 - Feedback: You forgot the 'third-person singular -s' for a simple present (he).
Extra options
You can also define which part of the text will highlight when the feedback is shown. This is done by putting the word between ("!!"). For example:
!!He!! speaks English but he (not / speak) ___________ German.
Putting the word "He" between!! means that this word will highlight when we display the feedback for the first set of incorrect answers.
"Highlight position relative to blank," tells which word under "!!" will be used for this set of incorrect answers, since you can define multiple highlights.
For the second set of incorrect answers, we'll highlight the word "speak" so this word will highlight in the text on an incorrect answer.
You should get something like this:
Advanced fill in the blanks one quesition filled in
Step 6: Adding more exercises
We'll add three more lines using the same methods as above:
I (learn) ___________ English for three years now.
 - Correct:'ve been learning/have been learning
1st set of incorrect answers:
 - Incorrect:'m learning/am learning
 - Feedback: Present progressive (am learning) is used for something that is going on right now. _USER_
2nd set of incorrect answers:
 - Incorrect: learned/learnt
 - Feedback: Simple past (learned/learnt) is used if something is over and you just report it. _USER_
3rd set of incorrect answers:
 - Incorrect:'ve/learned/'ve learnt/have learned/have learnt
 - Feedback: You're nearly there. It's great that you've used present perfect because the action (learning) connects past and present. But it's still going on and you talk about how long it has been going on: use present perfect progressive in such a case. (have/has been +...ing)
I (not / be) ___________ to Sweden so far.
 - Correct: haven't been/have not been
1st set of incorrect answers:
 - Incorrect: hasn't been/has not been
 - Feedback: Remember to use 'have' for I, you, we, and they.
2nd set of incorrect answers:
 - Incorrect: wasn't/was not/weren't/were not
 - Feedback: If you want to say that you've (never) done something at some point in your life, you need present perfect. (have/has + past participle) You've used a simple past, which is for reporting about a specific event, typically including an exact time or date.
She (paint) ___________ the walls of her house now.
 - Correct: 's painting/is painting
 - Incorrect: paints/paint
 - Feedback: It's right now, so you must use present progressive (am/is/are +...ing).
Overall feedback
In the Overall Feedback widget, you can define feedback that will be presented to the user at the end of the exercise, based on a total score. We'll define overall feedback like this:
 - 0-50%: Try again!
 - 51%-75%: You've done ok!
 - 76%-100%: Good job!
By now you should have ended up with something like this:
Filled in Advanced fill in the blanks
Step 7: Behaviour settings
 - Under "Answer mode" select: Users select from options
 - Under "Alternatives offered" for selection select: The incorrect answers entered for the blank
 - Check "Automatically check answers after input"
Step 8: Finishing up
Save the node/article when you're satisfied to view your final Advanced Fill in the Blanks.
You should now have the same result as the example at the top of this page.


つま vs. よめ: Have You Been Still Getting Confused?
What is the difference between "つま and よめ"? They have subtle differences. When you talk about your wife in public, which is correct: わたしつま or わたしよめ? What about あに/あねつま or あに/あねよめ?After reading this, you would be answering this question. Let me introduce what their subtle differences are and how you correctly use them such as native speakers today!
つま (tsuma) / よめ (yome)
Wife / 新娘/妻子 / 며느리/아내 / Cô dâu/Vợ
つま and よめ" means "Wife" and which has been used as the meaning of "A married woman considered in relation to her spouse". Some men who got married her call their wife "つま and よめ" which mean "Wife". Although both of them are correct and native speakers don't feel weird about them, an antonym of "つま" is a husband and an antonym of "よめ" is "son-in-law". So, basically when a husband calls her "よめ" is wrong. The word "よめ" is for a husband's parents and brothers/sisters who could call her "息子むすこよめ" and "あに/あね/おとうと/いもうとよめ". However, for us, native speakers tend to use "よめ" as their wife and even it sounds casual than "つま". Thus, only a husband could call their wife "つま", his parents won't be able to call his wife "つま", that would be "よめ". Furthermore, the others call his wife "おくさん or 奥様おくさま". "奥様おくさま" sounds polite than "おくさん" which does not mean people call her "おくさん" is not rude. Lastly, when you use "よめ" in daily conversations and "つま" in public, you sound native speaker-ish.
にいちゃんのおよめさんは超優ちょうやさしそうだったよ！ (My brother's wife looked so kind!) (我哥哥的老婆看起来好温柔啊！) (오빠 아내는 엄청 상냥할 것 같더라!) (Chị dâu tớ nhìn siêu hiền luôn ý!)
いおよめさんになれますね！ (You'll make a good wife.) (你会成为一个好妻子的！) (좋은 신부가 될 수 있을 것 같네요!) (Bạn sẽ là một người vợ tốt đấy!)
長男ちょうなんよめにはなりたくない。くさ (I don't wanna be a wife of the eldest son. hehe) (我不想成为长媳。草) (맏며느리가 되고 싶진 않아. ㅋㅋ) (Tớ không muốn làm con dâu trưởng đâu!)
なんで？ (Why?) (为什么？) (왜?) (Tại sao?)
つま手料理てりょうりよりちょっとだけおいしいです。 (It's better than my wife's cooking.) (比我老婆做的料理好吃一点点。) (아내의 수제 요리보다 조금 맛있습니다.) (Chỉ ngon hơn món ăn vợ tôi làm một chút thôi.)
つま一緒いっしょにいい？ (Can my wife come with me?) (妻子也一起可以吗？) (아내도 함께 괜찮아?) (Vợ tớ đi cùng được không?)
つまものってるよ。 (My wife has gone shopping.) (我老婆买东西去了。) (아내는 쇼핑하러 갔어.) (Vợ tớ đang đi mua sắm.)
つま出産しゅっさんちかづいてきたよ！ (The baby is coming any minute now!) (我老婆的产期临近了！) (아내의 출산이 다가 왔어!) (Sắp đến ngày vợ tớ sinh rồi!)
つねに vs. いつも: Learn To Speak Japanese Powerfully
つづく vs. つづける: Use Them Confidently and Fluently
具合ぐあい vs. 都合つごう: How to Choose The Right Words
関連かんれん vs. つながる: How to Make Proper Sentences
Japanese-listening-course--baner-man2 Japanese-listening-course--baner-woman
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July 05, 2018
Excepted quantities of dangerous goods qualify for relief from many requirements that apply to larger quantities of dangerous goods. To determine if a dangerous good can be shipped as an excepted quantity, check Column F of the IATA Dangerous Goods List for the material's proper shipping name in Column B. If there is any code other than E0 in Column F, the material can be shipped as an excepted quantity, provided the quantities in inner and outer packages are within the limits on Table 2.6A of IATA section 22.214.171.124:
Section 2.6.5 of the IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations requires use of an absorbent material for liquid dangerous goods when they are shipped as excepted quantities by air. They must be secured in a triple package following these steps:
- Place the dangerous goods in inner packagings that are properly closed
- Secure and close the inner packagings in an intermediate package with cushioning material to protect the inner packagings and contents from breaking, puncturing, or leaking
- Then, secure the intermediate packaging in a strong, rigid outer package
For liquids, sufficient absorbent must be placed either in the intermediate packaging or in the outer packaging. Sufficient means there must be enough absorbent contained in the package to absorb the entire contents of the inner packagings.
If the absorbent is placed inside the intermediate packaging, it may serve as the cushioning material, provided it will protect the inner packagings. Whether in the intermediate or outer packaging, the dangerous goods must not react dangerously with the absorbent, the packaging, and any cushioning material; and the dangerous goods must not reduce the integrity or function of these materials (i.e., they must not be capable of dissolving them).


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Browsing Faculty of Arts and Media by Subjects
Now showing items 1-1 of 1
The artist's book: Making as embodied knowledge of practice and the selfThe initial research questions for this practice-based doctoral research project was to ask, "Is it possible to develop a more confident, self-conscious creative voice able to articulate one's identity more clearly through the making of handmade artefacts?"; this thesis applies the methodologies of autoethnography and pedagogy to consider an answer. My original contribution to knowledge through this enquiry is the identification of the ways in which the exploration of identity through autoethnographic, creative and pedagogic methods encourages an expanded field of self-knowledge, self-confidence and sense of creative self.


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What is a Mother Box? Glad you asked. Read what wikipedia has to say in full, but here's a snippet:
"Created by Apokoliptian scientist Himon using the mysterious Element X, they are generally thought to be sentient, miniaturized, portable supercomputers, although their true nature and origins are unknown. They possess wondrous powers and abilities not understood even by their users, the gods of New Genesis. These range from teleportation (they can summon Boom Tubes) to energy manipulation. Mother Boxes have been seen healing the injured, including Darkseid himself, after he was beaten by Doomsday. Metron stated that each Mother Box shares "a mystical rapport with nature". They provide their owner with unconditional love and self-destruct when their owner dies.
Mother Boxes have sacrificed themselves for causes they have believed in and are greatly respected by the people of New Genesis. In physical appearance they are most often in the shape of a small box, but they can also be much larger (as is the one carried by the Forever People), and do not always need to be in the shape of a box at all (Mr. Miracle had Mother Box circuitry woven into the hood of his costume). They usually communicate with a repetitive "ping!" which can be understood by their users."
Does this not sound like the 4s iPhone?
The concept of the Mother Box is Jack Kirby's. What a fantastic imagination he had.


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Budget and Spending:
Redesigning Shipping Containers To Reduce Food Costs
CED-78-81, Apr 28, 1978
The cost of food distribution is an important element in food costs. Processed and fresh products for retail sale are transported in shipping containers to their destinations. The variety of container sizes and shapes has made it difficult to develop efficient handling techniques.
Modularization, a concept that geometrically relates food shipping container sizes to one another, offers a way of reducing food costs. This concept has been used in European countries with good results, but little has been done in the United States to implement such standardization. If used, it would permit more efficient transportation and handling of goods, eliminating wasted space and resulting in less damage to goods. Because of diverse package sizes and large capital investments in the packaging industry, modularization can involve high initial equipment costs, but costs can be reduced as size changes are coordinated with new products and normal equipment replacement. Manufacturers would bear the greatest burden of conversion costs and benefit least, while wholesalers would benefit most. Conversion to the metric system would simplify geometric relationships which could help in modularization. If the food industry should convert to the metric system, some manufacturers may design new packages in modular units. Increased food system efficiency could lead to lower food prices, but with neither government nor industry promoting modularization, this is unlikely.
- Review Pending
- Closed - implemented
- Closed - not implemented
Recommendation for Executive Action
Recommendation: The Department of Agriculture should initiate the advancement of modularization and enlist the participation of the food industry. Such an effort should include: (1) identifying and quantifying costs and benefits of modularization; (2) determining the most feasible method to coordinate modularization with industry changes; (3) exploring with the food industry what further steps may be necessary; and (4) obtaining the assistance of the National Bureau of Standards. The U.S. Metric Board, when formed, should consider modularization in actions to change food package sizes. Congress should examine the status of efforts to coordinate metrication and modularization and examine food industry progress toward modularization. (HTW)
Comments: Please call 202/_PHONE_ for additional information.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Next Step: Foot Care In Connecticut
Posts for tag: personality and shoes
Researchers at the University of Kansas say that people can accurately judge 90% of a stranger's personality by simply looking at their shoes.
"Shoes convey a thin but useful slice of information about their wearers," the authors wrote in the new study published in the Journal of Research in Personality. "Shoes serve a practical purpose, and also serve as nonverbal cues with symbolic messages. People tend to pay attention to the shoes they and others wear."
Medical Daily reports that the number of detailed personality traits detected in the study include a person's age, their gender, income, political affiliation, and other personality traits, including someone's emotional stability.
Lead researcher Omri Gillath said the judgments were based on style, cost, color, and condition of someone's shoes. In the study, 63 University of Kansas students looked at pictures showing 208 different pairs of shoes worn by the study's participants. Volunteers in the study were photographed in their most commonly worn shoes, and then filled out a personality questionnaire.
So, what do your shoes say about your personality?
People with higher incomes wore expensive shoes, and flashier footwear was typically worn by extroverts. However, some of the more specific results are intriguing. For example, practical and functional shoes were generally worn by more "agreeable" people, while ankle boots were more closely aligned with "aggressive" personalities. The strangest of all may be that those who wore uncomfortable looking shoes tend to have "calm" personalities. There was also the political calculation that liberals wear shabbier and less expensive shoes.
"Shoes have a wide variety of styles, brands, looks, and functions. Because of this variety, shoes can carry individual difference information, but do they? We suggest the answer is yes," the study authors wrote.
And if you have several new pair of shoes or take exceptionally good care of them, you may suffer from "attachment anxiety", spending an inordinate amount of time worrying about what others think about your appearance.
The researchers noted that some people will chose shoe styles to mask their actual personality traits, but researchers noted that volunteers were also likely to be unaware that their footwear choices were revealing deep insights about their personalities.
If you have a foot problem, call one of our six locations to make an appointment.
Connecticut Foot Care Centers
Podiatrists in CT


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The Finance Project is one of more than 100 organizations and thought leaders featured in Expanding Minds and Opportunities: Leveraging the Power of Afterschool and Summer learning for Student Success, Edited by Terry K. Peterson, Ph.D., This first of its kind compendium of studies, reports and commentaries provides seminal resources for policy makers, program leadership, practitioners, researchers and stakeholders.
The Value of Partnerships in Afterschool and Summer Learning: A National Case Study of 21st Century Community Learning Centers by Shawn Stelow Griffin and Laura Martinez provides concrete evidence of the important role partnerships play in leveraging cash and in-kind resources to sustain 21st CCLC Wisconsin, Vermont, Florida and Oregon.
Expanding Minds and Opportunities is now available online at
_URL_ and through Amazon.com.
DC Education Adequacy Study Overview
The Finance Project (TFP), In September 2012, the District of Columbia Government contracted with The Finance Project (TFP) to undertake a rigorous study of the costs of providing an "adequate" pre-K through 12 education to students in DC's traditional public schools and public charter schools. Over a 12-month period, The Finance Project, in partnership with Augenblick, Palaich and Associates (APA), a Denver-based education research firm, will:
1. Develop a data-driven estimate of the cost of an "adequate" pre-K through 12 education in the District of Columbia;
2. Recommend changes to the structure and level of foundation funding in the Uniform Per Student Funding Formula (UPSFF), as well as the weightings for students with special learning needs that require services which entail additional costs;
3. Recommend changes to the way in which capital investments, maintenance, utilities and custodial services for school buildings and facilities are financed and managed; and
4. Develop guidance for updating the study's basic elements on a continuing periodic basis.
Using a blend of Professional Judgment Panel and Successful Schools Study methods for analyzing the costs of an adequate education, the TFP/APA study team will examine the cost of resources required for public schools and public charter schools to meet DC academic standards, including the Common Core State Standards, once they are implemented.
For more information, please read an overview of the study at: _URL_
AdequacyStudy.pdf. For more information about the study, please contact Cara Patrick at _EMAIL_.
. This brief aims to help policymakers, community leaders, private investors, and other stakeholders understand what is known about the opportunities and conditions for success in designing and implementing incentive-based financing strategies to take innovative evidence-based social solutions to scale. It describes the design and implementation of three broad types of innovative financing strategies that make funding contingent on specific benchmarks for success. The brief also includes examples of how state and local leaders are designing and implementing these financing strategies to respond to demands for improved outcomes. It offers considerations for stakeholders to address when determining whether, and how, these strategies could work for a community or state seeking to link funding to achievable outcomes.
. This fiscal mapping study helps Hawaiian state leaders identify the public and private funding sources available to support programs and services for at-risk Hawaiian youth, ages 13-24. The study also evaluates Hawaii's effectiveness at using funding to sustain the seventy-two state administered programs for at-risk youth in Fiscal Year 2011.
Network of Independent Charter Schools
The Network of Independent Charter Schools is designed to support teachers, administrators and trustees develop best practices and collaborate with one another and to help independent "mom and pop" charter schools succeed. Funded by the U.S. Department of Education, it delivers a comprehensive and integrated array of services and resources--free of charge--to help improve the capacity of teachers, administrators and trustees at independent charter schools. The Finance Project helps develop content for the Network of Independent Charter Schools website in the areas of charter school management, financing and governance.
Online Hotline BLOG
. The following fiscal mapping tool will help leaders identify funding resources in their communities to help build a stable base of support for their work.
. A first of its kind, this guide helps state and local officials, leaders of community-based and national organizations, school leaders, and private investors find funding to strengthen and sustain grade-level reading programs and services for children from birth through third grade. It identifies more than 100 federal funding sources that can be used to address the root causes of failing to read, to help fund remediation strategies, and to build cohesive infrastructure and systems necessary to effectively train and guide professionals. It also offers users "best bet" funding sources, on-the-ground examples and allows users to search by funding purpose, eligibility and special populations.
Sustainability Planning Workbook
This workbook is the foundation for our training services and helps users clarify their vision, identify key issues in sustaining their work, and develop strategies to achieve their long-term goals.


Pipeline: Split a CSV File
In this Page
I want to take a CSV file and split the data out into two other CSV files. While this is not a typical use case for SnapLogic, it does provide examples of how to use several Snaps.
Snaps Used
For this scenario, the following Snaps are used:
 - File Reader
 - CSV Parser
 - Filter
 - Router
 - Sort
 - CSV Format
 - File Writer
Other Requirements
 - A sample CSV file loaded into the SnapLogic file system. This example refers to a employee directory file, directory.csv, that contains the following columns: Name, Location, Extension, Email, Title, Department, Dept ID.
 1. Upload your CSV file to the SnapLogic file system. See the Files Page topic for more information.
 2. Create a new pipeline by clicking the (+) tab.
 3. Add and configure a File Reader Snap.
 - For the File field, select the file you uploaded in Step 1. Because you are accessing the file system, no authentication information is needed.
 4. Add a CSV Parser Snap. You will use the default configuration.
 5. Add and configure a Filter Snap. If your source file is a company directory and you only want data for the Sales team, you would configure the Filter Snap with an expression to restrict the data to just that, for example:
 $Department == "Sales"
 Be sure to select the expression toggle (=) in front of the field.
 6. Add and configure a Router Snap.
 - Determine which information you want to route to each of the two files you will create. In this example, you will filter by the Location column and move some groups to one file and the rest to the other file.
 - Add a row for each expression you want to process, for example:
 $Location == "Field" to output0
 $Location == "HQ" to output1
 output0 and output1 are the default values for the first two output views. To rename the views, you can edit them on the Views tab.
 7. (Optional) Add and configure two Sort Snaps, one off of each Router output. If you want to sort the data being written to the files, then you would add a Sort Snap.
 - Add a Sort Path and set it to the column you want to sort by. To sort by more than one column, add additional values.
 - Set Sort Order to the correct value.
 8. Add two CSV Format Snaps, one off of each Router output. You will use the default configuration.
 9. Add and configure two File Writer Snaps, one off of each Router output.
 - For each output, set the File Name to the name of the file where you want the results written to, including a path if necessary. See File Writer for information on how to write files to different locations. If written to the SnapLogic database, you can access the files through Manager.
 - Add the appropriate account type for the location where you want to write the files to.


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Wednesday, November 17, 2010
6 Tips for Writing for Young Adults
William Kostakis. He wrote Loathing Lola when he was only 17. The story is about the ups and downs of being Australia's newest teenage reality TV star. Sixteen-year-old Courtney Marlow struggles with friends, fame, love, loss and... Lola.
Below are some writing tips he offered for writing for young adults:
1. Write with passion. When William first started writing he often heard the advice, "find your audience". But William suggested that "You are your own audience." There is little point writing what you think will be popular. Many writers write what they think will sell but they aren't necessarily writing from the heart. When we write with passion, we find our voice.
2. Try to capture the joy of youth. The appeal of youth is the joy of life, so even if you are writing a sad story, try to find the joy of life.
3. Write with honesty. When you write, don't try to emulate someone else's writing. Be confident enough to find your own voice. This will resonate with your readers.
4. Avoid being called an imposter. Sometimes it's clear an older writer has written for a younger audience. William used the example of reading someone's work where the author had described Facebook as the Facebook. Get at least one young adult reader to proof read your manuscript.
5. Not every character needs to be 3 dimensional. He suggested that sometimes stereotypes are true and gave the example of his grandmother who is "crazy, old and ethnic". Also, we don't have to spell out a character's history all the time.
6. Write how you speak and keep it simple. You want people to understand you so write small words to reflect big ideas.
Do you have any other tips for writing for the Young Adult market? What's your favourite YA book at the moment and why?


Animal welfare and sustainability: Can they work together?
Lawrence, A. (Speaker)
Activity: Talk, evidence or presentation typesInvited talk
Animal welfare is now seen as a part of global sustainability goals - here I explore how animal welfare can contribute to debates on the sustainability of animal farming
Period5 Nov 2020
Held atAnimal Welfare
Degree of RecognitionInternational
 - Animal welfare
 - sustainability


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I'm fairly new to programming in a 3d world.
I'm trying to create a canvas where all the objects are drawn in order of furthest-to-closest and from bottom to top - so they don't overlap each other, but there are problems.
enter image description here
As you can see, some of the objects are overlapping each other. None of the objects in the screen will be moving so I was wondering: is there an algorithm available to sort the objects in the correct order? At the moment I have them sorting in the Z axis ascending, then X descending and Y descending.
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i'm just going to arbitrarily ask, since you said you're new to 3d programming, doesn't the engine you're using support depth testing? depth sorting is only going to get you so far. even if you solve this one issue you're having, L or T shaped blocks, for example, will cause artifacting – dreta May 10 '12 at 16:50
+1 because this is a topic of broad interest to 3d in general and your illustration is great. – Patrick Hughes May 10 '12 at 17:28
3 Answers 3
In general, the answer to your question ('is there an algorithm available to sort the objects in the correct order?') in arbitrary 3d settings is no - no such algorithm can exist, even when the objects are as simple as triangles. It's easy to construct three triangles with a cyclic overlap; for instance, imagine looking down the Z axis at three long, thin triangles:
 - A: (2.1, 1.9, 1), (1.9, 2.1, 1), (-1, -1, 0)
 - B: (-2.1, 1.9, 0), (-1.9, 2.1, 0), (1, -1, 1)
 - C: (2.1, 1, 0), (1.9, 1, 0), (-2, 1, 1)
Then where A and B overlap on-screen (near the XY point (0,0)), B will be on top (have the higher Z value): its Z value will be approximately 0.66 whereas A's will be approximately 0.33. Similarly, where A and C overlap (near the XY point (1, 1)), A will be on top; and where B and C overlap (near the XY point (1, -1)), C will be on top. There's no way of ordering these three triangles such that drawing them to screen in the specified order will give the correct result.
As Nathan Reed suggests, the fact that you're in an isometric view means that you would probably be able to avoid this particular issue; the question is whether it's worth avoiding or not, and that's more contingent on your environment and the particular functionality you have available. Most platforms you could be developing on have at least some form of 3d rendering readily available, though, and my first inclination would be to just piggyback on top of that for your purposes.
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As _USER_ mentioned in the comments, the typical way 3D engines solve this is with a depth buffer and using the hardware depth test, which allows you to draw arbitrarily-shaped objects in any order and will keep track of the closest surface at each pixel. Manually sorting objects is also possible, but will not necessarily handle nonconvex objects or overlapping objects correctly.
However, if you do want to sort objects, you'll need to calculate a depth value for each object, then sort by descending depth. To get the depth, if you're using a typical 3D engine setup, you'll need to transform each object's center point through your view matrix (which goes from world space to view space), then take the negative of the Z coordinate of the result. (Negative because in right-handed coordinates with X and Y aligned with the screen, Z will be pointing out of the screen.)
If it's always an isometric view like this, you can probably get away with calculating depth = ±X ± Y - Z, where the ± means: pick the sign that makes depth increase as you get further away from the camera. That will depend on the orientation of your X and Y axes.
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Even with an isometric view it's not possible to sort shapes using a depth value. The only thing you can do, provided the shapes and scene organisation aren't too convoluted (and they usually are), is build a partial order (ie. given two shapes, tell which one should be drawn first). From that, you would need to sort the shapes (using for instance topological sort) and that alone is usually a O(n²) operation when you are lucky but I'm betting on O(n²logn) instead. – sam hocevar May 10 '12 at 22:42
_USER_ Yes, as I noted in my answer, object sorting by depth will not handle all cases correctly, especially (but not limited to) nonconvex or overlapping objects. It's an approximation at best. BTW, I believe topologically sorting a graph can always be done in O(V+E) (it's pretty much just DFS). The edge count can be O(V^2) but I suspect it's usually not that bad. – Nathan Reed May 10 '12 at 23:15
_USER_ In an isometric view with all objects non-intersecting axis-aligned rectangles, though - which is what the example shows - it seems likely that you probably can sort shapes? Do you know of any construction of a figure that can't be sorted (e.g., something that has a cyclic overlap) under those constraints? – Steven Stadnicki May 10 '12 at 23:45
_USER_ Here's a case where naive sorting by depth wouldn't work. The correct draw order in that diagram would be red, green, blue, but depth sorting based on the center of each rectangle (black dots) would give you blue, green, red. (The dotted line runs perpendicular to the view, so you can clearly see the relationship between the depths of the centers.) Sam's topological sort would work here, given a way to determine the "is-behind" relations amongst the rectangles. – Nathan Reed May 11 '12 at 1:45
Here is an example of axis-aligned objects that you cannot sort: – sam hocevar May 11 '12 at 5:32
Check out the Painters Algorithm and its disadvantages.
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Southeastern Michigan is situated in an industrial region facing difficult challenges, such as soil and water contamination, air pollution, suburban sprawl and a shrinking inner-city population, all of which have consequences for public health and quality of life. The integrated educational programs and research activities of the Environmental Interpretive Center at the University of Michigan-Dearborn are focused on raising public awareness of these environmental issues and developing and implementing strategies for creating cleaner, healthier, and more sustainable communities. Maintaining and growing a project of this caliber requires tremendous dedication and help from the southeast Michigan community in the form of volunteers and financial assistance.
Since it first opened its doors in 2001, the Center has succeeded in providing effective and unique environmental study experiences at the University's unique urban setting.
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Spelling in the Hebrew Bible: Dahood Memorial Lecture
This book is an outgrowth of the Dahood Memorial Lectures delivered at the University of Michigan, February 8-10, 1983. It attempts four things: to describe the orthographic phenomena of the Hebrew Bible; to assess the evidence by means of appropriate statistical analyses; to interpret the evidence in terms of the history of Hebrew spelling; and to speculate on the significance of this evidence for studies in the production and transmission of the text.
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Reducing water loss
Cool room design
The main method of reducing the vapour pressure deficit (VPD), thereby also reducing moisture loss, is to increase RH in the cool room air. Humidifying storage rooms is relatively simple, as all that is required is to add water, usually as a fine mist. However, adding mist can also lead to soft, damp packaging, floor puddles and increased disease if products become wet. Moreover, adding free water at rooms close to zero increases frosting on the refrigeration coils, leading to longer and more frequent defrost cycles.
One of the best ways to increase RH in the storage environment is to design the cooling system so that the delivery air is only slightly colder than the setpoint for the room. This minimises the difference in temperature between the coils and the produce, and so avoids excess condensation and/or drying of the air. Using large coils with a high surface area for heat exchange can help achieve this.
Rooms that are poorly sealed, frequently opened or vary significantly in temperature will have lower and more variable humidity than those that are more accurately controlled. In the example shown below, both rooms have been set at 1.5°C and fluctuate by approximately ±0.5°C overall. However, the larger and more frequent temperature changes in room 2 result in lower and more variable RH inside the room, potentially causing condensation on and/or dehydration of the produce.
As well as the magnitude of the VPD, many other factors will affect how quickly a vegetable will lose moisture. These include:
- The surface area to volume ratio. All other factors being equal, a leafy vegetable such as spinach will lose water more quickly than a more solid product such as a sweetpotato or eggplant.
- The characteristics of the plant skin. A thick skin and/or a waxy surface, such as that of a pumpkin, can present a significant barrier to moisture loss.
- The presence of open stomata or lenticels.
- Stomata in leaves usually close at harvest or in darkness, reducing moisture loss.
- Stomata may remain open during rapid cooling or following chilling damage.
- Lenticels are open pores, but may be blocked with soil or waxes. For example, washing treatments can spread natural waxes in the skin more evenly over the surface, helping to block lenticels.
- The skins of solanaceous fruit vegetables (eggplant, chilli) don't have stomata or lenticels; most gas diffusion is through the calyx area. Leaving tomato fruit attached to the stem (as normal practice for hydroponics) or waxing the calyx scar, can both reduce postharvest water loss.
- Mechanical injury, including bruising or abrasion. Moisture loss increases as the integrity of the skin is destroyed.
The surface of produce has a thin layer of stationary air around it — the 'boundary layer'. Within this layer the vapour pressures of the air and the product will be in equilibrium. The boundary layer is thickest for products with hairy skins, such as the Asian gourd 'chi qua' or 'hairy melon'. Uneven surfaces, such as found on bitter melon (fu qua) also increase the boundary layer.
Increased air movement disrupts and reduces the boundary layer. Rapid air movement can help cool produce and air movement during storage is needed to remove heat generated by respiration. However, reducing air movement around fully cooled vegetables will avoid disrupting the boundary layer and reduce moisture loss.
Packaging has a clear role in increasing the RH around a product, thereby reducing the VPD. Packaging holds products together, restricting air movement around individual items. This increases the boundary layer and so reduces water loss. Even a mesh bag may reduce dehydration, simply by interfering with air movement.
Plastic films are very effective barriers to water loss. However, it is important to avoid condensation inside the package that can increase rots and diseases. Films made of ultra-thin, plasticised materials or which have anti-fog coatings or microperforations have reduced risk of internal condensation while still protecting against moisture loss.
Waxes and other fruit coatings can have a somewhat similar effect to packaging materials, especially if the material blocks openings in the vegetable skin. In this case there is no issue with condensation.
Shrink wrap, which is commonly used to package telegraph cucumbers, can also provide RH control without significant condensation. In this case the plastic is in close contact with the produce skin. Condensation does not occur inside the wrapping because the film and the product are at the same temperature. Shrink wrapping has been shown to be effective for a number of different products, however, cost and consumer resistance are barriers to use.
Some types of packaging can also have the opposite effect on water loss in produce. Wooden bins or boxes, paper and cardboard can all absorb significant amounts of moisture even before they appear damp. For example:
- Wooden bins can gain 6-10% weight in a moist environment. This would represent up to 5kg water absorbed by one half-tonne bin.
- Cardboard can gain up to 17% additional weight. For example, 128g of moisture could be absorbed from 5kg of vegetables by a 750g cardboard carton, a direct weight loss of 2.5% due to the carton alone.
Storing in a high RH environment can reduce moisture absorption by bins, although this is not always feasible. Waxed, varnished or plastic-coated cardboard is less moisture absorbent than raw cardboard.
Even if the atmosphere around a product is close to saturation, some moisture loss will still occur due to metabolic activity and respiration.


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Is it scientific fact that acid stabilizes meringue or is this a fallacy? If so does anyone know actually why and are there any other substances that do this well also?
Acids allow more air to be beaten into a meringue. In order to make meringue, the proteins in egg white must be denatured. In their natural state, the proteins are curled up into tightly packed balls. When the egg is beaten, they uncoil into long strands.
These strands then begin to coagulate, or join together, with the help of the sugar you add. The air you whisk in gets trapped between these joining strands, giving the meringue its characteristic light texture.
Acid delays coagulation, which means that there is more time for air to get trapped in amongst the proteins, resulting in a lighter meringue.
The acids usually added to meringue are white wine vinegar, lemon juice, or cream of tartar. Fresh eggs are more acidic than old ones, so these help too.
Some cooks use copper bowls to make meringue, because copper ions from the bowl bind to a particular protein (conalbumin) and strengthen it.
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I have made two separate meringue mixtures side by side: one with vinegar and one without. In my experience it makes no difference to the final outcome provided that you add the sugar really slowly (a tablespoon at a time) and not too early. If this is done correctly then there is no need to add an acid.


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How to Make Your Own Artists Oil Paints from Natural Ingredients
You will Need:
- Coloured Earth Pigment
- Raw Linseed Oil
- Pallet Knife
- Flat non-porous Surface
- Glass Muller
In its simplest form oil paint is just Linseed Oil and a powdered pigment mixed together with a palette knife. This is sufficient for oil paint that is to be used immediately.
1. Place pigment onto a flat, non-porous surface.
2. With a Palette Knife, make a small indentation in the centre of the pigment and pour in a small amount of the Linseed oil. Add a small amount at a time, you won't need as much as you think.
3. Carefully fold the pigment into the oil, pressing down to ensure the oil and pigment mix together.
4. Once the pigment has been blended with the oil, the paint is ready to be used.
If you want to package the oil paint for future use, you will need to add a few more steps to the process to ensure the pigment doesn't settle or separate during storage:
5. Follow steps 1-4 then, using a glass muller, work the paint in a circular motion spreading it into a thin layer. This will grind the pigment further and improve its ability to stay in suspension whilst in storage.
6. Using the palette knife, collect the mullered paint back to the centre, you will find it now has a thinner consistency due to the smaller particles. Thicken the paint by mixing in a little more pigment and mullering again. Repeat this process 2 or 3 times or until the paint has reached the correct consistency.
The Paint is now ready to be stored in an airtight container.


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Until recently, signal processing involving successive time delays was implemented either by use of physical analog delay elements, such as acoustic or electric transmission-line delay elements, or by conversion to digital format for processing, then reconverting the processed results to an analog output. Wholly analog systems are cumbersome, expensive, and sensitive to environmental factors. On the other hand, conversion to wholly digital format is often unnecessary and penalizes the system in terms of cost, complexity, speed, and power. A very attractive alternative is discrete-time processing of analog samples. Time is quantized, but relative amplitudes are preserved. Delay is accomplished by transferring samples from cell to cell in shift-register fashion, while preserving relative amplitudes. Discrete-time systems combine many of the best features of both digital and analog systems: speed as well as the freedom from quantization effects of analog systems are combined with the time percussion and flexibility of digital systems.
This paper costs $33 for non-members and is free for AES members and E-Library subscribers.


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In a collaborative effort spanning several departments, MSU scientists will determine the functions of roughly 4,400 nuclear genes from the Arabidopsis plant. Arabidopsis is a flowering plant whose entire 29,000 gene sequence is known.
Scientists will focus on the genes which encode the chloroplast-targeted proteins that trigger photosynthesis. Understanding how these genes operate could yield significant breakthroughs in biotechnology and genomics worldwide, resulting in advances in human health and agriculture.
The chloroplast gives green plants their color and carries out photosynthesis and produces oxygen. It can be thought of as the world's life-support system. It is an attractive target for biotechnology because it produces many different molecules important to agriculture and human health, such as vegetable oils, starch for ethanol-based fuels, vitamin E and amino acids. Despite the many functions of a chloroplast, the MSU team estimates that it takes only around 4,000 genes to make a functional chloroplast, which is similar to a simple bacterium, rather than the tens of thousands of genes required to make a whole plant.
"If we completely understand the chloroplast, it should then be possible to engineer plants to be more productive harvesters of the sun's energy into biomass to decrease dependence on oil," said Robert Last, professor of biochemistry and molecular biology and plant biology at MSU. "We also will be able to more efficiently make nutrients important to human health. These include vitamins and heart-healthy oils."
The NSF's Arabidopsis 2010 project is a worldwide effort to catalogue the function of every gene in the plant C something ne
Contact: Robert Last
Michigan State University


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Printable social studies worksheets. This pack includes a set of printable booklets th.
Free i spy simple machines flip book this is a fun way to learn check and explore level pulley free i spy simple machines printable pack you can use these free printable simple machines mini book to teach kids about simple machines.
Simple machines printable worksheets. Simple machines match the type of simple machine to its description. Familiarize kids of grade 3 with the six types of simple machines such as the inclined plane lever pulley wheel and axle screw and wedge with this vividly laid out printable simple machines chart. The six types of simple machines chart.
Inclined plane wedge wheel and axle screw lever and pulley. Spot the machines and gadgets worksheet free spot the machines and gadgets simple machines activity worksheets â tagn. Simple machines printable worksheets.
Some of the worksheets for this concept are simple machines abc compound words work a l simple machines have only one or two the 6 simple machines name simple machines work section 83 simple machines introduction to simple machines simple machines terri wakild south haven public schools simple matchings work. Displaying top 8 worksheets found for simple machines. Printable worksheets and activities to teach students about the six types of simple machines.


Why do WE fight?
fight 2
People fighting to get into a bus
I sat in a minibus (which is popularly known as trotro or trosky) at Mallam Junction to go to Madina, the mate kept calling to passengers by shouting, "Lapaz", "Old Road", "Madina…" There were three women in the trotro already when i joined, then all of a sudden, these women got down from the trotro to join a different one because they felt the first one was wasting their time. Each time the mate called out to passengers, they would look into the trotro and seeing only a few people would go to join a different one. This went on for some time till the mate decided to confront the mate of the other trotro. What started as a joke broke into a fight and if people were not around, would have turned fatal.
This is just one of such cases where people have engaged in a fight physically. We come across these everyday in our home between couples or between children, at our various workplaces, at schools, in the market places, on our roads and sometimes interestingly at our places of worship. Fighting is something that both adults and children engage in. With children however, they can easily make up wit each other than adults. Some people will walk away or become silent, others may just exchange words, insults each other and go away, the worst that can happen is that some may go physical to the extent of inflicting injuries on each other. when this happens, they may not speak to each other for sometime or may avoid each other. Often, a third party has to come in to help them iron out their differences.
fight 1
People fighting
fighting 1
People fighting
The world is full of inequalities and unjustice situations that a lot of often try as possible to strive for the justice that they deserve. sometimes in doing so, they deploy the wrong means and this leads to something else, the worst that can come out of the situation is a fight! YES! A fight can come out of that. Fighting means to contend in a physical battle.with someone. Most fights begin with exchange of words or insults. We feel so good and proud when we fight and emerge as the champions. Then we proudly tell other people how we beat the other person.
Many Ghanaian societies frowns strongly at fighting and that is why we have some wise sayings in some of the Ghanaian languages. for example, the Dagaaba have this saying "tage ka n tage mang ar33 mgane". Literally, this means that, when we both keep pulling, it is the calabash that will break. This saying admonishes us to avoid any form of long argument and also to avoid stretching issues. Another saying goes this way … this also means that… There are a thousand and one saying which discourages fighting among people.
When i was in basic school about ten years ago, it was a practice that when someone
school children 1
School children
steps on your toe either intentionally or unintentionally, you meet at a place (usually under a tree in an isolated place so that people do not come to separate the fight) at the close of school to fight. Often, you go with other people and they are only there as spectators and not to intervene. even after the anger had died down, you have to find a way of provoking each other to get angry again. One would push the other slightly on the shoulder and the other person pushes back, this continues till they get angry with each other again. How funny! Woe onto you if you dare lose that fight because because you will become an object of ridicule at school in the coming weeks! And more people may pick up quarrels with you.
If that is the case, why then do people fight? For me personally, I think people will fight when they feel they are unjsutly treated. When people feel that they could have enjoyed better treatment than what they are offered, they try to fight for that better treatment. At other times too, people fight because of scarcity of resources. The resources are few and we cannot all get the quantity that we desire.
In as much as we may feel angry, cheated, treated unfairly, let down and above all hurt, we can still manage our anger and hurt PROFESSIONALLY by keeping calm. Shouting and fighting back will lead to broken relationships, shame and disgrace, bitterness and may even result in DEATH, and then we begin to regret and say had I
known, but it may be too late. That is not to say we should always allow other people to take advantage of us because we do not want to fight back. We can learn to keep calm. Keeping calm and waiting for the other person to calm down so you iron out your difference quietly will keep the relationship, prevent shame and disgrace and everyone will be alive and free from any form injuries. It does not take much to say SORRY!
so sorry
Saying sorry takes nothing from you
Every big conflict and war started in a small way and escalated because it was not managed well. When we are confronted with situations that can lead to fighting, lets try as much as possible to be calm and iron out our difference because that small misunderstanding you are refusing to let go may be the start of the THIRD WORLD WAR!!! wink wink
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 1. we fight as a result of misunderstanding, greed and pride. Failing to say am sorry is the biggest cause of fight
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Buzzers / Chironomidae are midge pupa; they start life as a bloodworm living in the soft mud found in most still waters. Blood red worms get their colour from the oxygen and haemoglobin held within their bodies. When they are getting near to hatching they loose their blood red colour and take on a more sombre appearance. At this stage they then make their way from the lake bottom up through the water columns to the surface. They swim towards the surface in a wriggling action, stopping either to catch their breath or waiting for the right conditions to hatch. When they stop wriggling towards the surface they slowly sink back down before swimming upwards again. Eventually when they reach the surface, they hang from the surface film and hatch out in to adult buzzers or midge.
Library and Trade Flies
We have hidden 15 more flies which we haven't got any stock for, but if you are interested you can still ask us for more details
Show me the extra flies


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help me on carrier advantage/evolved via sexual selection
Posted 12 December 2012 - 08:47 AM
Given the potential advantage to carriers, discuss how this advantage might have evolved via a sexual selection (SS) mechanism. Be sure to define SS, put it in the context of natural selection (NS), and clearly state what the advantage to carriers is. Remember that evolution by NS takes place in the context of specific environments so be sure to include the role of the environment.
Posted 12 December 2012 - 01:31 PM
Posted 13 December 2012 - 01:30 PM
However as you noted the people with sickle cell have a protective mechanism against malaria that means that they are less likely to get the disease, and hence have a better chance of surviving and/or have a shorter disease course meaning (in the absence of modern technology/shops etc.) that they are more likely to survive to hunt for food again. Note the incomplete recessiveness - partial expression of the recessive gene is enough to confer malaria resistance... there's your mechanism


Emmanuil Evzerikhin
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The Barmaley Fountain in 1942, photographed by Emmanuil Evzerikhin after the Battle of Stalingrad. It has become his most iconic photograph.
Emmanuil Evzerikhin (Russian - Эммануил Ноевич Евзерихин), (July 22, 1911, Rostov-on-Don - March 28, 1984, Moscow) was a Russian photographer.
He was born in 1911 in Rostov-on-Don. In the late 1930s he worked for «Press Cliche TASS» as a photo chronicler.
In 1934 he moved to Moscow where he was able to photograph all the main events of the era - the congress of the Comintern and the congress of Soviets where the constitution was adopted, constructions, parades and Arctic expeditions. He photographed Maxim Gorky and Mikhail Kalinin and famous pilots Valery Chkalov and Mikhail Gromov.
During World War II he was on a number on fronts but his most famous photographs were taken in Stalingrad. He participated in the liberation of Minsk, Warsaw and Konigsberg.
After the war he taught photography and lectured around the country.
He died in 1984.
Author's book[edit]
Emmanuil Evzerikhin, Ed. PLACETDITIONS, 2007, 392 pages, ISBN 978-5-93332-206-1


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History of AAPT — Publications and Reports; The Apparatus Competition
Meanwhile a memorial of another kind was established to honor Lloyd W. Taylor of Oberlin College, a charter member and President of the Association 1943-45, who lost his life in a mountain climbing accident in 1948. This memorial was a manual of advanced laboratory experiments in physics. Authorized in 1951 but beset with numerous delays, The Lloyd William Taylor Manual of Advanced Undergraduate Experiments in Physics came off the press in June 1958. The book, produced by a committee chaired by T.B. Brown, contains experiments developed by teachers from their own laboratory experience. This volume was supplemented by the Novel Experiments in Physics (AAPT, Stony Brook, NY, 1964 and 1975).
Valuable committee reports and conference recommendations have appeared in AJP; lengthy items have appeared separately as occasional publications of the AAPT Executive Office. Among the significant AJP reports has been that of the Coulomb's Law Committee, which appeared in January 1950.The Committee had been appointed in 1944 to examine the problems associated with fundamental concepts in electricity and magnetism, and its findings and recommendations were aimed toward eliminating textbook errors and encouraging clear and accurate formulations.
The Committee on Apparatus for Educational Institutions has a long history of contributions. Two of the early leaders were Sanborn C. Brown of MIT and William C. Kelly, then at the University of Pittsburgh and later head of the Educational and Manpower Division of the American Institute of Physics. During 1956-57 an intensive study of apparatus used in physics teaching was carried out, and important recommendations were made. Drawings of apparatus, prepared under the direction of the Committee, appeared in AJP in 1960-63, and a book entitled Apparatus Drawing Project was produced in 1960.The author of the book, published by Plenum Press, was Robert C. Marcley, who was also responsible for the drawings appearing in AJP. Two additional publications came out in 1961, A Survey of Teaching Apparatus in Physics and a book of AJP reprints called Apparatus for Physics Teaching. [A later book with a similar title, Apparatus for Teaching Physics, published in 1972, consisted of reprints from The Physics Teacher (TPT). Another book with the same title and also consisting of TPT reprints was published in 1999.]
The Apparatus Committee arranged for the first Competition for New and Improved Apparatus to be held at the annual APS-AAPT meeting in 1959. Such a competition was an important feature of alternate annual meetings for many years, but it is now held at each summer meeting. The pattern of award categories has varied: in the first competition there were two, demonstration apparatus and apparatus designed for student laboratories.In some years the prizes were given without designation of category. With increased participation by high school teachers, the most recent divisions have been based not according to the purpose of the apparatus, but on the institutional level of the person submitting the entry. The prize money has been contributed by one or more laboratory equipment companies. From 1983 to the present, PASCO scientific has been the sole sponsor of the competition. Descriptions of many of the prize-winning entries have appeared in AJP and in two AAPT occasional publications: Apparatus Notes, July 1965-December 1972 (1974) and The AAPT Apparatus Competition (1984).
A committee on the design of physics buildings was established in 1958 under the chairship of Yale K. Roots, then at New York University. In 1959 the Committee obtained a grant from Educational Facilities Laboratories, Inc. to support the Project on the Design of Physics Buildings, which was housed in the Education and Manpower Division of AIP. R. Ronald Palmer (on leave from Beloit College) was director, and architect W.M. Rice of the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory served as technical assistant. Information was gathered by mail and through conferences and visits to physics facilities throughout the country. The project was completed in May 1961 with the publication of Modern Physics Buildings: Design and Function, which was distributed to physics departments and college presidents.
An important conference on the training of college physics laboratory assistants was held at Northwestern University in June 1954. This conference was proposed to the AAPT Council by C.J. Overbeck, a charter member who had been secretary of the Association in 1943-49 and was to become president in 1958. Financed for the most part by the National Science Foundation (NSF), the conference was attended by representatives of 33 universities and several other participants who paid their own expenses.
A working conference of Demonstration Lectures, sponsored by AAPT and financed by NSF, was held at Wesleyan (Connecticut) University in 1959. Reports of the conference appeared in Physics Today in November of that year, and in AJP [28, 538 (1960)]. The organizers were V.E. Eaton, C.J. Overbeck, and Ralph P. Winch.
A reference source for demonstration lectures, also supported by NSF, was prepared by Harry F. Meiners of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI), with Robert Resnick as co-chair of the AAPT Advisory Committee for the project. This very extensive and ambitious work was published by Ronald Press in 1970. It contains more than 2,000 photographs and line drawings, some 1,000 experiments in classical and modern physics, and essay articles on various aspects of physics demonstration experiments. In 1981 AAPT published the Demonstration Handbook for Physics by G.D. Freier and F.J. Anderson from Minnesota. This was followed in 1982 by Wallace Hilton's Physics Demonstration Experiments at William Jewell College.Although Hilton's book went out of print in 1988, Demonstration Handbook for Physics is still available. In 1987, a collection of articles on apparatus and ideas for teaching physics reprinted from The Physics Teacher was edited by Donna Berry and produced in the book A Potpourri of Physics Teaching Ideas. Also in 1987, a new physics demonstration experiments handbook was produced. This handbook, String and Sticky Tape Experiments, edited by Ronald Edge, remains a popular catalog item.


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July 23, 2009 Understanding temporal variability in crop yields has implications for sustainable crop production, particularly since greater fluxes in crop yields are projected with global climate change.
Many long-term cropping system studies have compared average crop yields; this study looked at stability of yields and whether cropping systems and manure applications affected crop yields differently in poorand highyielding years.
K.K. Grover et al. investigated the effects of long-term cropping systems on corn grain yields, yield trends, and yield stability over the last 16 years of a long-term fertility and cropping systems experiment at the Pennsylvania State University.
This study suggests that on average in a productive Central Pennsylvania soil, the yield of corn rotated with alfalfa, red clover, and timothy is modestly higher and less variable than corn grown exclusively. Further, when dairy manure is applied to meet crop nitrogen requirements, continuous corn can perform equally well to the rotated in high-yielding years, but performs poorly in low-yielding years such as dry summers and wet springs.
When synthetic fertilizers or phosphorus-based manure are applied, however, continuous corn may yield less than rotated corn in lowand high-yielding years. Further research is needed to evaluate the economic returns of these cropping systems.
The research was funded by the Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA.
Other social bookmarking and sharing tools:
- K. K. Grovera, H. D. Karstenb and G. W. Rothb. Corn Grain Yields and Yield Stability in Four Long-Term Cropping Systems. Agron J, 101:940-946 (2009 DOI: 10.2134/agronj2008.0221x
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.


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The Tao of the Fall Classic: What Baseball Can Teach Us About Living
Posted: Updated:
The modern World Series started last week for the 75th time since 1903. While watching the American and National League playoffs, I was struck by how many Tai Chi principles were used by the elite athletes on the field. Tai Chi, the Chinese martial art renowned for its health and relaxation benefits, is based on the Tao, the philosophy encapsulated by the well-known Yin/Yang symbol.
Tai Chi works with the never-ending dance of opposite yet complimentary energies that make up the world as we know it. The brilliance of Tai Chi is its understanding of using these energies to create results in an incredibly efficient, harmonious way.
If you know what to look for, you will see major league baseball players using some of the same principles to create major-league results. Understanding these principles can help anyone, and I mean anyone (great physical abilities are not required), achieve powerful outcomes while exerting as little energy as possible.
Both the pitcher and batter start in the state that precedes Tai Chi called wu chi. This is the space before movement and action begin. It is still, quiet, and pregnant with unlimited possibilities. Notice how the players attempt to get into wu chi before a pitch is thrown. The stillness creates the opportunity to be in the flow with what happens in the next instant when movement begins.
Related to the wu chi state is the concept called sung. It is a hard term to translate. I think of it as relaxed concentration. It is the state of being totally present, yet being relaxed and concentrated at the same time. Notice how loose the best players are before the action begins. If a player is not in sung, his tightness can be exploited by the one who remains in it.
When you are faced with a big moment, how relaxed are you? What are you focused on? Are you trying to anticipate what happens next, or are you ready to flow with the reality of the next moment?
In essence once a pitch is thrown, the pitcher and batter are trying to catch the other off balance. It is a fascinating study in focus and being ready to take advantage of tension in the opponent. Let's see how it plays out in Tai Chi terms.
If the pitcher moves out of sung and executes his intention perfectly, the intensity of that intention can overwhelm the batter. New York Yankee closer Mariano Rivera is a great example of this. When he is on, the power one feel before he even throws the ball puts the batter at a disadvantage. There is a feeling of inevitability that he will succeed. You can imagine the tension created in the mind and body of the batter when faced with this commanding and clear energy.
How successful are you in executing your intentions? Does your focus generate power that will lead you to your goal?
The batter uses the concept of emptiness and fullness to hit the ball successfully. This refers to a clear use of Yin and Yang energies. Being full means engaging 100 percent of one of these energies. Being empty means engaging none. Typically, just before a batter swings the bat, he empties the front leg and completely fills his back leg. You can see how rooted the player is on the back leg, before his swing. A tremendous energy potential is created in releasing the energy stored in the back leg through the body onto the front leg and arms.
The batter releases the energy through rotating the waist. The Tai Chi Chuan Classics, attributed to Chang San-feng, say, "The chin (intrinsic strength) should be rooted in the feet, generated from the legs, controlled by the waist, and manifested through the fingers." To integrate the body as one harmonious unit, Tai Chi says the waist must generate movement. Notice how a player like San Francisco Giant Juan Uribe uses tremendous waist rotation to generate enough power to knock a ball out of the park.
As you step up to the plate in your life, what are you rooted in? Where is your energy located? Are you ready to transfer it for maximum effect? Are you moving as an integrated unit, or are different parts fighting each other?
Whether or not you love watching baseball, you are a player in the game of your own life. You can approach your own challenges with great focus while staying relaxed. You can utilize your energy is an efficient way to achieve great things by being present to the current reality.
May you reach championship heights!
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Tai chi chuan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Using VideoClock, you can achieve ultra smooth video playback. VideoClock makes minor adjustments to clock frequencies so that video is played in perfect sync with your display's refresh rate.
You can enable VideoClock in Options > Video. VideoClock. Like other audio features, it is not available when bitstreaming audio.
It is advisable to have Display Settings set up to automatically change the display's refresh rate. See Video Playback Options > Display Settings.
Technical Description
When playing a video, many factors combine to produce the synchronized audio and video. To maintain the lip-sync between audio and video, there is a "clock" that is in control of playback.
Normally this clock runs at normal speed (1.0x). If audio or video drift apart because the monitor or soundcard have a slightly different rates, a clock correction is issued. These clock corrections are called clock jitter, and they will cause the video to pause a little or drop frames.
VideoClock changes this approach. It makes minor changes to clock rates to perfectly match the rate of creation of frames to the rate of consumption by the display so that frames are never dropped or paused. A variation between source frames per second (fps) and display refresh rate of up to 5% can be dealt with.
Now, when lip-sync is slightly out of step, the audio is slowed or hastened. Normally this change is a tiny fraction of a percent and so not perceptible.
Target Ratio including PAL Speeddown
VideoClock adjusts the clock rate slightly to achieve an "ideal" ratio between the display refresh rate and video frame rate. This ensures, for example, that playing a 23.97 fps movie on a 24.0 Hz display will have a perfect 1:1 relationship. This is done by altering the clock by the tiny fraction 23.97/24.00. This removes the annoying occasional video stutter that would happen without this adjustment. The tiny audio change is inaudible.
This feature is also useful for PAL content that was originally shot at 23.97 fps and is recorded on disc or media at 25 fps. If played back at on a display set to 25 or 50 Hz, the movie would be slightly shorter and the audio pitch would be slightly higher. When playing these 25 fps files with the display rate set at 24 Hz, the movie will be played at the correct rate and the audio at the correct pitch. This requires the fps setting for these files to be changed to 23.97 fps.
VideoClock is willing to adjust the clock by up to 5% if it will result in a perfect ratio between the video and monitor rates.
Compared with ReClock
VideoClock has several key advantages compared with ReClock:
 - Integrated with the JRiver audio engine, so all other features (JRSS, Room Correction, internal volume, Convolver etc.) are available
 - Works with all output modes (ASIO, WASAPI, etc.)
 - Talks directly to madVR to determine the monitor refresh rate so the target ratio is perfect when using madVR


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Algae are essential components of marine and freshwater habitats in and around Australia. The play a critical role in nutrient cycling, as food and shelter for invertebrates and fish, and some have considerable potential as biological indicators of the health of aquatic habitats. At least 12 000 marine, freshwater and terrestrial species are thought to occur in Australia, but many are yet to be described or fully documented. This series will stimulate research on Australian algae, especially the many poorly known groups and their habitats.
The Algae of Australia series will provide the basic systematic data necessary for issues relating to conservation, biological diversity and the management of aquatic ecosystems. For the purposes of this series 'Algae' is interpreted in a very broad sense, to cover all organisms that have traditionally been studied by phycologists, including macroalgae, unicellular and multicellular microalgae and cyanobacteria.
Individual titles will range from the more traditional taxon-based accounts to regional or habitat-based treatments. Where appropriate, each volume will include an introductory essay detailing the history of research and systematic relationships of the particular group, as well information on structure and reproduction. Keys to the identification of families, genera and species will be provided, as well as descriptions, illustrations, notes on ecology, distribution maps and bibliographic information. The series will become an essential resource for those interested in Australian phycology and aquatic habitats.
Keys to the identification of families, genera and species will be provided, as well as descriptions, illustrations, notes on ecology, distribution maps and bibliographic information. The series will be an essential resource for all who are interested in Australian phycology and aquatic habitats.
Editor, Algae of Australia
GPO Box 787
Canberra ACT 2601
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by James R. Doty
from the Huffington Post
Why, in a country that consumes 25% of the world's resources (the U.S.), is there an epidemic of loneliness, depression, and anxiety? Why do so many in the West who have all of their basic needs met still feel impoverished? While some politicians might answer, "It's the economy, stupid," Based on scientific evidence, a better answer is, "It's the lack compassion, stupid."
I recently attended the Templeton Prize ceremony at St. Paul's Cathedral in London and have been reflecting on the words of His Holiness the Dalai Lama in conversation with Arianna Huffington: "If we say, oh, the practice of compassion is something holy, nobody will listen. If we say, warm-heartedness really reduces your blood pressure, your anxiety, your stress and improves your health, then people pay attention." As director of the Center for Compassion and Altruism Research and Education (CCARE) at Stanford University (one of the two organizations recognized in the Templeton Prize press release), I would agree with the Dalai Lama.
What exactly is compassion? Compassion is the recognition of another's suffering and a desire to alleviate that suffering. Often brushed off as a hippy dippy religious term irrelevant in modern society, rigorous empirical data supports the view of all major world religions: compassion is good.


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Fiscal austerity may be forcing some countries to cut spending on foreign aid, but this isn't the case everywhere. In fact, Brazil has actually tripled its official aid budget over the last two years, and according to the Guardian, the South American country is quickly becoming a leader in aid to the developing world.
Brazilian generosity is helping to offset falling donations from other countries, says The Economist. A study by Oxfam that appeared in Newsweek found that between 2008 and 2009, foreign aid from wealthy nations decreased by $3.5 billion. But a table in The Economist shows that through a combination of programs and loans to developing countries, Brazil's 2010 contributions could total around $4 billion, though this figure includes involvement by private contractors.
And Brazil's status as a country that can empathize with developing nations gives it an advantage when designing aid programs. For example, The Economist points out that Brazil can help other countries design successful tropical agricultural programs because they've already done it themselves. The same goes for providing low-cost HIV/AIDS treatment or setting up cash transfer schemes that work.
Brazil tends to finance social programs or agriculture projects around the world, but Africa seems to be a particular focus. The Economist mentions Haiti as an example, where the Brazilian government runs a program that gives families free meals if they take their kids to school. In Angola, Brazilian contractors are building the water supply. And in Mali, Brazilian researchers run an experimental cotton farm. These efforts are even more remarkable when you consider that Brazil is still a recipient of international aid.
But if that's the case, should Brazil really be donating all this money? According to both The Economist and The Guardian, Brazil has actually benefited from increasing its foreign aid. The Guardian states that the economic ties Brazil has built with developing countries helped it escape the worst of the financial crisis, while The Economist suggests that foreign aid could boost Brazil's credibility with other nations.
But no matter what, Brazil's commitment to helping poor countries in the global south might pay big dividends in the future.


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A Gratitude Practice for Hypothyroidism
One woman's experience using gratitude to cope with hypothyroid symptoms.
A Gratitude Practice for Hypothyroidism
Megan Moore
Women's Health Advocate
Medically Reviewed by:
Medically Reviewed by:
Hypothyroidism has many common symptoms, but perhaps one of the most prevalent is fatigue. This type of fatigue is markedly different from the usual tiredness experienced after a long night or a tough workout; it is bone-tired exhaustion.
Common remedies for tiredness include caffeine, exercise, and medication. However, a gratitude practice may make a world of difference. Recently, I read an article concerning how gratitude practice can positively impact your sleep. I realize that my exhaustion has a great deal more to do with my thyroid than my sleeping habits, but I figured it was worth a try.
I have been struggling with hypothyroidism for about five years, since the birth of my first child. Raising two kids is exhausting, working and maintaining a household even without the presence of children can be exhausting! Having hypothyroidism compounds the exhaustion.
In most cases, my thyroid levels don't justify my fatigue. If I feel exhausted, my labs don't always show that my thyroid levels are out of whack. This difference can be common. The thyroid and the hormones it produces, or lack thereof, are temperamental things. My medication dosage may not change. Still, my uptake, how empty my stomach is when I take my meds, and a variety of factors can minutely influence my hormone levels.
I had seen a great deal about gratitude and mindfulness, but I wasn't entirely on board. So, I decided to do more research.
What is a gratitude practice?
A gratitude practice is similar to mindfulness practice in that you take time to reflect. However, during a gratitude reflection, you primarily dwell on things for which you are thankful.
To practice gratitude, you might find moments of stillness and reflection, keep a gratitude journal, or write a letter of appreciation.
I struggle with reflecting, and in the past, I have had little patience for keeping moments of stillness and peace. Though, after battling through a particularly trying day, I figured an attempt at a gratitude practice could at least lower my stress levels and look at the silver lining if nothing else.
I started my gratitude practice before bed, jotting down a few things I was thankful for after taking a couple of moments to reflect on the day. It can be not very easy to work something new into your schedule, especially if you do not make it a priority. Therefore, I had to make a strong conscious effort to practice gratitude each day.
I sat quietly by myself and thought of a handful of things I was thankful for throughout the day. Most days did not have a momentous occasion to be grateful for, like a raise or some considerable achievement, but rather small happy moments.
Most often, as is recommended, I chose things that were separate from myself and my abilities. I was thankful for my health, thankful for my child's joyous spirit, and thankful for a delicious bite of chocolate flourless cake. I found that just by recalling these pleasant experiences, I became more relaxed and was able to let go of negative emotions.
How gratitude impacts symptoms?
The first week or so, I did not notice a significant change, but as time went on, and I kept up with my gratitude practice, I noticed that I seemed to sleep better. I also worried less, stressed less, and found myself becoming irritated less often. The combination of these factors made me feel more energized in general.
When you are resentful, worried, envious, or regretful, it is easy to let these emotions build up and take a toll on your mental and physical health. If I felt fatigued, I was worried that I wouldn't be able to make it through the day and be the coworker/spouse/mom/human being I wanted to be. In turn, the more time I spend stressing, the more exhausted I became. It was a vicious cycle.
Maintaining a gratitude practice took the focus off of what could go wrong and placed it on what did go right. There are so many things throughout a day for which to give thanks.
Researchers have found that practicing gratitude has quite a few benefits. Keeping a gratitude practice can help you get a more restful sleep.
Scientists assume it's due to the release of negative emotions and anxious thoughts. One study mentioned in the Journal of Psychosomatic Research found that a gratitude practice could net you an additional thirty minutes of sleep each night. Those thirty minutes make a world of difference when suffering from hypothyroidism fatigue.
Other benefits of a gratitude practice may include:
 - Better sleep
 - Better social relationships
 - Improved mental state
 - Reduced depression
 - Fewer aches and pains
It may seem difficult at first to take time out of your busy schedule to "meditate." It may even seem a bit silly to reflect on such minute pleasantries. Still, a gratitude practice can help you to feel less tired, less anxious, less depressed, and more joyful. Indeed, a small and straightforward activity with huge benefits.
Megan Moore
Women's Health Advocate
Megan lives with a chronic autoimmune disease and is an advocate for understanding your condition and finding holistic health. When not with her family, you can find Megan running (and crushing) local races.
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Effect of atmospheric radiance errors in radiometric sea surface temperature measurements
In situ radiometric measurements of the sea surface skin temperature (SSST) are typically obtained by using infrared radiometer systems mounted on ships. The emissivity of seawater is less than unity and the signal measured by a radiometer viewing the sea surface is mainly composed of sea surface radiance and a small (<2%) downwelling skying radiance component reflected at the sea-surface into the radiometer field of view. For a given sea view angle the effect of ship roll and pitch or non-simultaneous sea and sky radiance measurements may result in the determination of inappropriate sky radiance measurements.
Bibliographic Reference: Article published in: Applied Optics, 39 (2000), pp2392-2397
Record Number: 200013110 / Last updated on: 2001-02-23
Original language: en
Available languages: en


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- Courses offered - LKG to Grade 10
- Affiliation - CBSE, New Delhi
- Academic Year - From 1st of June to 30th of March in the following year consisting of 3 equal terms.
- We believe that continuous learning is essential for individual fulfillment and for the advancement of society.
- We believe that every individual has intrinsic worth.
- We believe that embracing diversity enriches and empowers our community.
- We believe that honesty, integrity and trust are corner stones for continuing excellence.
- We believe that people reach the highest potential when challenged to.
- We believe it is possible that openness to change is essential to progress and future viability.


Fact from Fiction: Shinobi vs Ninja
At signings, I'm often asked why I refer to my ninja detective, Hattori Hiro (or Hiro Hattori to those who put surnames last), as a "shinobi" instead of a "ninja." The answer is simple: the two are one and the same. Many Japanese words are written using Kanji, or characters, originally borrowed from Chinese. In Japanese, the word many English speakers pronounce as "ninja" looks like this: The Chinese pronunciation of those characters is "nin sha" – from which the English language derives the word "ninja." That pronunciation is used in Japan, but more often, the Japanese pronounce those characters
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Scarcity is a feeling of fragility and uncertainty. Leaders cannot let fear determine their decisions, which is why cultivating an abundance mindset is critical to long-term leadership amidst the current coronavirus pandemic.
Of all the havoc wreaked by the coronavirus, one crisis has been largely overlooked: our psychological response. A scarcity mindset is induced by a fearful prediction about the availability of future resources. Leaders and companies are directly affected by a threat to their finances or the health risks for employees. Responding appropriately to current events is critical, but there's a difference between strategizing and having a scarcity mindset.
Scarcity is a feeling of fragility and uncertainty. COVID-19 created environmental conditions that often produce a scarcity mindset: an economic downturn, a pandemic, and an abrupt shift to a new way of living. If you succumb to this mindset, it will stick with you even if the economy turns around tomorrow. Why?
Your brain identifies stressful events unconsciously. It remembers them for a long time with greater clarity and amplification. Our experience with physical distancing, for instance, will make us warier of shaking hands in the future.
Scarcity, whether real or perceived, impairs your thinking. It can make us reluctant to hire even after an economic upturn or lead us to be overly conservative with the company budget. Holding on to a fearful emotional response can ultimately result in poor long-term decisions.
Taking Control: Overcoming a Scarcity Mindset
In the short term, scarcity can produce increased engagement — at a cost. You might overemphasize immediate needs and think tactically rather than strategically. You're likely focusing on survival and asking, "What do we need to do?" instead of considering opportunities and asking, "What could we do?" You're probably getting things done, but they likely won't benefit you as much as you think.
Additionally, relationships become more and more transactional with a scarcity mindset. You may place a greater focus on your own needs and become less willing to invest time and energy into relationships that don't immediately fulfill them. However, managing employee unrest — or employee anxieties — is the most significant challenge facing most business leaders right now. Because negative memories stick in our brains longer than positive ones, what leaders do in 2020 will significantly impact their legacies.
The long-term consequences of leading tactically and prioritizing your survival are a shallow vision and weak culture. If you want to emerge as a stronger leader and company in light of this novel coronavirus, understand that financial conservatism is not the same as scarcity mindset. Being shrewd about budget and layoffs does not require you to consider the availability of resources. A scarcity mindset is an emotional response when you're allowing fears to determine your decisions. Budgeting is top-down.
1. Before the moment, be proactive.
Organizations that prioritize productivity at all costs schedule work with no margins. This practice is rooted in scarcity, and it starts at the top. If your days are filled with more work, than you can feasibly accomplish and little time to think, try adding buffers.
For instance, I experimented with scheduling meetings for abnormal lengths (e.g., 52 minutes or 26 minutes). I found that this extra time helped me feel mentally prepared and present for each session because I built in a few minutes to collect my thoughts. As a bonus, I found it led others to respect my availability and make the most of the time we had.
2. Train yourself to identify your mindset at the moment.
As often as possible, ask yourself whether your mindset is suitable for your current environment. There may be times when a scarcity mindset is needed. For instance, if the government mandated that your organization work from home tomorrow, a short-term engagement to solve the issue at hand becomes critical. We all need to do what's required in a crisis, but don't let a scarcity mindset become the default. Be mindful of how you're approaching the moment and change your thinking, if necessary.
3. Reverse engineer.
Try thinking "by design" rather than "by default." Connect the dots between your mindset, emotions, actions, and outcomes because they're inextricably linked. To change an issue, think about what action is required. What emotion triggers that action? What mindset cultivates that emotion? In the same way that reverse engineering your goals can help you identify first steps, reverse engineering outcomes can help you identify the necessary mindset.
4. Invite others into this process.
The reality is that bottom-up processing is unconscious. It's therefore difficult to identify in the moment. We can be blind to our own blindness. If you're serious about changing your mindset, consider inviting colleagues into the conversations. Feedback is a gift, and when you initiate a feedback loop, your brain is more likely to receive it, according to Kerry Goyette, author of "The Non-Obvious Guide to Emotional Intelligence." Transparent conversations can lead to personal growth and build a culture of trust within your organization.
Cultivating an abundance mindset is critical in the long term. Anyone who hopes to lead a successful business must learn to balance the need to survive with the need to innovate. By reserving a scarcity mindset for situations that require it, you can guide your company through the coronavirus pandemic and to the other side.