Updated NASAA Member Directory
Monday, April 23, 2007
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NationalAssembly of State Arts Agencies
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Executive Director's Column
NASAA Executive Director Jonathan Katz
I find that using a few key terms as points of departure for discussion about the role of the public sector in any aspect of American life, including the arts, helps to keep the focus on a number of critical questions. It's interesting to note how the meaning of "public" in each term is different and leads to consideration of different issues. Here are four key terms:
A Public Good
A public good is an economic term for a quality or commodity ("good" as in "goods and services," not as in "good or bad") defined by two characteristics. One is that it can be used by one person or group without diminishing its availability to another—it is "non-rival." The other is that it can not be divided up for use by one person or group—it is "non-excludable." Think "clean air," or "national defense," or "highway safety."
The salient point about qualities or commodities with these characteristics is that they are difficult or impossible to make available and sustain through regular market operations. Public goods tend to be so basic and pervasive that there is general consensus along a broad political spectrum on a strong governmental role in their provision, though what form that role should take may be subject to debate.
Questions for discussion: To what extent are "the arts," "arts education," and "artistic experience" public goods? To what extent does the status of the arts as a "public good" argue for or against its support by the public sector?
A Public Benefit
A public benefit is a positive outcome realized by society from some characteristic of a commodity, activity or policy. Though public benefits can be provided by private sector transactions, public benefits are often considered as justification for public sector investment. One reason RAND's Gifts of the Muse was so pleasing to arts advocates was its claim that the transforming individual benefits resulting from artistic experience directly transfer to attitudes and behaviors that improve society—and are therefore public benefits. How many people (some, most or all) make a benefit a public benefit is subject to debate. Close inspection may also reveal that an activity producing a public benefit for some produces a negative impact on others.
Questions for discussion: How can the public benefits of arts learning and arts participation most usefully be classified, evaluated, documented and communicated? In what ways and to what extent should a public arts agency encourage private sector provision of public benefits through the arts? What aspects of cultural planning and the cultivation of which partnerships can most effectively (a) broaden the understanding and (b) increase the reach throughout society of the public benefits of the arts?
A Public Purpose
A public purpose is a compelling reason that government should play a role in providing a public benefit. Typically, a public purpose derives from the needs for universal access to a benefit, equity in that access, and/or fairness in the process of providing that benefit. These needs are most likely to be broadly acknowledged as public purposes if they are unlikely to be met by a freely operating market place. A public purpose in ensuring a right, regulating a market, operating a program or providing a service often implies complementary roles for the not-for-profit sector and for the private sector.
The people of the United States are distinguished among nations by their expectation that even social functions broadly acknowledged to have a basic public purpose—from collecting taxes to regulating the provision of goods and services to providing health care and conducting national defense—are expected to be provided best by collaborations of—or via a market place among—all three sectors.
Questions for discussion: What is the public purpose in the provision of learning in the arts and access to artistic experience? What aspects of the public purpose in providing learning in the arts and access to artistic experience, if any, require the activity of a state arts agency?
The Public Value
The public value of any enterprise may be seen through lenses that focus on its intended benefit, the impacts it has, and the perceptions it produces. Harvard professor Mark Moore suggests that, from a management perspective, it is useful to consider that decisions to invest in public sector activities are the product of complex relationships among an agency's or program's purpose (task environment), its ability to have an impact (operational environment), and its perception in the eyes of those who make decisions affecting its support (authorizing environment). While one observes instances where public value is determined for the moment by the beliefs and attitudes of decision makers independent of factual bases, one also observes that creating public value and sustaining public value over time usually require systematic development of a delivery system for a benefit and for the documentation and communication of its impact.
Question for discussion: What state arts agency's placement in state government, organizational structure, planning processes, policy development, programs, partnerships, communications, research and evaluation can be adjusted to increase the (a) essence and (b) perception of its public value?
Please let me know how any application of this think piece or any variation of it is useful to you. As always, your comments, questions and suggestions are welcome. Just click on the [POST A COMMENT] link in the column next to this article.


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Precision in communication is highly important. This is especially true of the type of communication called music, whether you are talking about Mozart or magpie-larks.
Only about three percent of bird species are known to sing duets. In a duet, one mate begins singing, and the other mate begins a half second later. Among Australian magpie-larks, pairs that are newly mated usually lack that precision. However, in pairs that have been together for two years, the lag time of the duet usually varies by only a few hundredths of a second.
Researchers also discovered that this precision serves a purpose. Male magpie larks respond to perceived threats by increasing their singing. When they played the less-precise duets to 12 pairs of other magpie-larks, the males only responded in this way seven times in five minutes. However, the more-precise duets resulted in nine responses in five minutes. In short, other magpie larks are more intimidated by pairs that sing with precision than by those who do not. This is important in preserving an established couple's territory from invasion by new couples.
Communication with precision is yet another fingerprint of God on the creation. In Scripture, the ultimate in precise communication, God even points us to the birds as He urges us to recognize His involvement in the creation.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


African Organisation of English-speaking Supreme Audit Institutions
Guideline: Audit Considerations for Extractive Industries
Strong and effective Supreme Audit Institutions (SAIs) can contribute to better and more transparent oversight of extractive industries and help to ensure that governments manage natural resources in the best interest of the public. The purpose of this guideline is to assist SAIs mandated with auditing the public sector management of extractive industries with capacity building, understanding the sector, mapping the sector and conducting risk assessments along the AFROSAI-E Extractive Industries value chain.


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Commonly available airless spray equipment systems can be powered by a variety of means and are offered in a wide range of sizes and performance capabilities.
- Hand held cordless electric airless spray guns battery powered.
- Hand held electric airless spray guns mains powered.
- Hydraulic diaphragm mains electric or petrol powered airless spray pump equipment.
- Mains electric powered reciprocating piston airless spray pump equipment.
- Petrol engine powered reciprocating piston airless spray equipment with electric clutches.
- Hydraulic powered airless piston pumps using either electric motors or petrol powered motors to provide hydraulic power.
- Pneumatic compressed air driven reciprocating airless piston pump equipment.
Airless spray systems in any of the above categories atomise fluid or liquid including paints and coatings by forcing the fluid through a small nozzle or orifice at high pressure. As the liquid passes through the small nozzle or airless spray tip at high pressure the liquid is atomised into a fine spray. The effect is similar to restricting the flow of water from a standard garden hose by placing your finger over the end of the hose and restricting the flow of water until the water becomes a spray of water.
Never place fingers or any other body part near any outlet on an airless spray unit as the extremely high pressure can cause serious injury.
- Cordless Airless
- Diaphragm Airless
- Electric Airless
- Hand Held Airless Sprayer
- Hydraulic Airless
- Petrol Airless
- Piston Airless
- Pneumatic Airless

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Speaking out about charities 19-10-06
Published in Real Issues No. 227, 19 October 2006
Charities expressed concern this week that under the Charities Act they could lose their charitable status if they become too vocal. The law has always allowed charities to engage in advocacy, as long as it is secondary to their main charitable purposes. The Charities Act preserves this position, and rightly so. As Green MP, Sue Bradford, points out, "Caring for the victims is essential work. But so is speaking out on their behalf...".
So what has changed, and why are charities concerned? From February 2007, the Act will require charities to register with the Charities Commission to claim certain benefits, such as tax privileges, and charities will face regular monitoring. If a charity does more than an incidental amount of advocacy, the Commission will not register it, or, if it is registered, will remove it from the register. But deciding when a charity passionately advancing a cause crosses the line will be an extremely difficult judgement for the Commission to make. This will mean that charities are likely to think twice before speaking out.
The government is attempting to encourage charitable giving through increased tax privileges announced this week. While this is a praiseworthy initiative, it would also mean that charities would have even more to lose from de-registration.
While de-registration could be more of a fear than a reality, it is likely the fear itself will have a dampening effect, and the public square needs an involved and vocal charitable sector. The Commission must be scrupulous in ensuring that the legitimate advocacy of charities is not at risk. Charities advocate in accord with their purpose, and on all sides of the debate. In doing so, they add immeasurably to the richness of public discourse.
Read the Charities Act here


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The recreational-use value of hiking in the Bellenden Ker National Park, Australia has been estimated using a zonal travel cost model. Multiple destination visitors have been accounted for by converting visitors' own ordinal ranking of the various sites visited to numerical weights, using an expected-value approach. The value of hiking and camping in this national park was found to be $AUS 250,825 per year, or $AUS 144,45 per visitor per year, which is similar to findings from other studies v...
Anciaes, P. R.
Transport planners and researchers never paid much attention to hitch-hiking, so why should they start now, in a world of cheap air and coach travel and all types of app-based ridesharing schemes? This presentation gives answers to this question, based on a critical assessment of the individual needs that hitch-hiking fulfil, the costs and risks for all parties, and the way the activity contributes (or could contribute) to the objectives of contemporary public policy of promoting inclusive an...
Full Text Available The Croatian Mountain Rescue Service (CMRS donated maps it has published so far to the Croatian Cartographic Society (CCS. Considering I had already reviewed some maps published by CMRS, my colleague Prof. Dr. Miljenko Lapaine, president of CCS, suggested me to write a review of these maps. I analysed three tourist-hiking maps in detail: Island of Vis, Biokovo and Orjen-Sniježnica.Basic elements of the three maps were analysed, i.e.: title with subtitles and the title page, represented area, field and orientation, content, scale and format, projection data, legend, map graphics, generalization, author (production and production date, publisher and circulation, production and printing type, sources and other secondary map elements.
Goldenberg, Marni; Hill, Eddie; Freidt, Barbara
The Appalachian Trail (AT) is a 2,175 mile-long National Scenic Trail extending from Maine to Georgia. Since its inception in the early 1920s, individuals, families, schools, and other organizations, just to name a few, have used the AT. Approximately 3 to 4 million visitors hike a portion of the AT each year (ATC, 2006). Throughout its 80-year…
Nillesen, E.E.M.; Wesseler, J.H.H.
The recreational-use value of hiking in the Bellenden Ker National Park, Australia has been estimated using a zonal travel cost model. Multiple destination visitors have been accounted for by converting visitors' own ordinal ranking of the various sites visited to numerical weights, using an
Occupational Health Services (OHS) got people excited to walk at the summer Take a Hike event with fun prizes, free food, and a chance to win the grand prize—a Cigna-branded duffel bag full of items such as an exercise band, sport bottle, body mass index (BMI) pedometer, lip balm, and sunscreen.
A Poster Puzzler has been added to this year's fall Take a Hike event at NCI at Frederick, giving participants a chance to exercise both body and mind—and win prizes—as they walk around the NCI at Frederick campus.
Werner, Louise Bruun; Hellgren, Lars; Raff, Marianne
There is considerable interest in dairy products from low-input systems, such as mountain-pasture grazing cows, because these products are believed to be healthier than products from high-input conventional systems. This may be due to a higher content of bioactive components, such as phytanic acid......, a PPAR-agonist derived from chlorophyll. However, the effects of such products on human health have been poorly investigated. Objective: To compare the effect of milk-fat from mountain-pasture grazing cows (G) and conventionally fed cows (C) on risk markers of the metabolic syndrome. Design: In a double......-blind, randomized, 12-week, parallel intervention study, 38 healthy subjects replaced part of their habitual dietary fat intake with 39 g fat from test butter made from milk from mountain-pasture grazing cows or from cows fed conventional winter fodder. Glucose-tolerance and circulating risk markers were analysed...
Krannich, R.S.; Little, R.L.; Mushkatel, A.; Pijawka, K.D.; Jones, P.
Two separate surveys were undertaken in 1988 to ascertain southern Nevadans' views about the Yucca Mountain repository and related issues. The first of these studies focused on the attitudes and perceptions of residents in the Las Vegas metropolitan area. The second study addressed similar issues, but focused on the views of residents in six rural communities in three counties adjacent to the Yucca Mountain site. However, parallel findings from the two data sets have not been jointly analyzed in order to identify ways in which the views and orientations of residents in the rural and urban study areas may be similar or different. The purpose of this report is to develop and present a comparative assessment of selected issues addressed in the rural and urban surveys. Because both urban and rural populations would potentially be impacted by the Yucca Mountain repository, such an analysis will provide important insights into possible repository impacts on the well-being of residents throughout southern Nevada
Neufeld, Howard S; Johnson, Jennifer; Kohut, Robert
Cutleaf coneflower (Rudbeckia laciniata L. var. digitata) is native to Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GRSM) and an ozone bioindicator species. Variety ampla, whose ozone sensitivity is less well known, is native to Rocky Mountain National Park (ROMO). In the early 2000s, researchers found putative ozone symptoms on var. ampla and rhizomes were sent to Appalachian State University to verify that the symptoms were the result of ozone exposure. In 2011, potted plants were exposed to ambient ozone from May to August. These same plants were grown in open-top chambers (OTCs) in 2012 and 2013, and exposed to charcoal-filtered (CF), non-filtered (NF), elevated ozone (EO), NF+50ppb in 2012 for 47days and NF+30/NF+50ppb ozone in 2013 for 36 and 36days, respectively. Ozone symptoms similar to those found in ROMO (blue-black adaxial stippling) were reproduced both in ambient air and in the OTCs. Both varieties exhibited foliar injury in the OTCs in an exposure-dependent manner, verifying that symptoms resulted from ozone exposure. In two of the three study years, var. digitata appeared more sensitive than var. ampla. Exposure to EO caused reductions in ambient photosynthetic rate (A) and stomatal conductance (g s ) for both varieties. Light response curves indicated that ozone reduced A, g s, and the apparent quantum yield while it increased the light compensation point. In CF air, var. ampla had higher light saturated A (18.2±1.04 vs 11.6±0.37μmolm -2 s -1 ), higher light saturation (1833±166.7 vs 1108±141.7μmolm -2 s -1 ), and lower Ci/Ca ratio (0.67±0.01 vs 0.77±0.01) than var. digitata. Coneflowers in both Parks are adversely affected by exposure to ambient ozone and if ozone concentrations increase in the Rocky Mountains, greater amounts of injury on var. ampla can be expected. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Nillesen, Eleonora; Wesseler, Justus; Cook, Averil
The recreational-use value of hiking in the Bellenden Ker National Park, Australia has been estimated using a zonal travel cost model. Multiple destination visitors have been accounted for by converting visitors' own ordinal ranking of the various sites visited to numerical weights, using an expected-value approach. The value of hiking and camping in this national park was found to be dollar AUS 250,825 per year, or dollar AUS 144,45 per visitor per year, which is similar to findings from other studies valuing recreational benefits. The management of the park can use these estimates when considering the introduction of a system of user pays fees. In addition, they might be important when decisions need to be made about the allocation of resources for maintenance or upgrade of tracks and facilities.
Marafa, Lawal M.; Ting, Ho Yan; Cheong, Chau Kwai
ABSTRACT : It is perceived that psychological benefits motivate people to seek outdoor experiences in addition to social and biological benefits. Individual needs are usually influenced by one's socio-demographic situation, past experience, personal attitudes and values among other factors. In this study, a survey was conducted that assessed individual perception and satisfaction of hiking activities (n=146). Enjoying nature and escaping from physical pressure are the most important outcomes...
Thomas; Renaud; Poulin
For many parasites with complex life cycles, manipulation of host behaviour is an adaptation to increase the probability of successful transmission. Since manipulation is likely to be costly, other parasites may exploit hosts already manipulated so as to ensure their transmission without investing in manipulation. Such a cheating strategy, called 'hitch-hiking', could be adaptive in a range of situations. We first propose and discuss criteria that should be met by any parasite to be considered a hitch-hiker. Then, to understand the evolution of the hitch-hiking strategy, we use simple mathematical models to analyse the influence of several variables on the potential benefits for a nonmanipulative parasite of actively seeking a ride to the definitive host with a manipulative parasite. The models suggest that the


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Oregon Hunger Task Force
The story of Partners for a Hunger-Free Oregon begins back in 1989, when the Oregon State Legislature created the Oregon Hunger Task Force (ORS 458.532). At that time, Oregon ranked high for hunger among states, and the legislature declared that "All persons have the right to be free from hunger."
The 28-seat Task Force was directed to "serve as an advocate for hungry persons," studying the problem of hunger, making recommendations, and helping local communities implement changes.
Working with partners throughout Oregon, the Task Force has since worked to promote community awareness, compile research, develop proposals for government action, and conduct outreach to expand participation in nutrition programs.
Act to End Hunger
In 2004, the Task Force gathered input from Oregonians across the state to develop the Act to End Hunger, a broad framework to address the root causes of hunger. Outlining "40 ways in 5 years to make a difference," the Act to End Hunger provided a plan of action to reduce Oregon's hunger rank, one of the highest in the country.
The Act to End Hunger proved to be a critical organizing tool for anti-hunger advocates across the state. The urgency of the problem, and the opportunity for progress directed the members of the Oregon Hunger Task Force to launch a private non-profit organization (Partners for a Hunger-Free Oregon) whose staff would directly support and help implement the recommendations of the Act to End Hunger.
Working together in 2010, Partners and the Task Force launched Ending Hunger Before it Begins: A Call to Action, which will guide our work for the next five years.


Industry News
Biffa says "Recycle Right" on Earth Day 2021
Nappies, ready for recycling
To support Earth Day's 2021 campaign, Restore our Earth, Biffa wants to help people to 'recycle right' and make sure the right items go in the right bin.
The UK leader in sustainable waste management is urging people to get their recycling right to protect the environment and has released a list of the 10 most common items preventing bags of recycling from being processed.
Most Common Items Which Contaminate Your Recycling
 1. Key FactsNappies
 2. Feminine Hygiene Products
 3. Food Waste
 4. Black Sacks Containing Household Waste
 5. Blister Packets
 6. Textiles
 7. Electrical Equipment
 8. Wood
 9. Kids Toys
 10. Garden Furniture
#1 7.7 million nappies come through Biffa's material recycling facilities annually – one nappy every four seconds.
#2 Up to 30 nappies are found in each tonne of recycling received.
#3 Electrical wires can cause serious issues when they end up in recycling plants, forcing it to shut for cleaning or breaking machinery.
Jeff Rhodes, Head of Environment and External Affairs from Biffa said: "To protect our environment, we need to 'recycle right' so that as much of our waste as possible is recycled. By educating people on what can and can't be recycled we hope to continue improving the UK's recycling rates. In turn this will create a more sustainable environment and help take care of our planet."
He added: "The past year has given people the chance to appreciate the environment around them and it's vital do all we can to protect it. Biffa has invested more than £54 million in its recycling facilities over the past 5 years to enable more materials to be recycled in the UK."
Why is it Important to Avoid Contamination?
When non-recyclable items end up in the recycling bin, they cause issues such as contamination, risks to hygiene and create additional costs to identify, extract and dispose of items.
As part of its Resources and Waste Strategy for England, the government is targeting a recycling rate of 65% by 2035. To achieve this, as well as helping to protect our planet we all need to do our bit and recycle right.
Top tips for recycling
 - Check items labels for guidance
 - Separate out materials into correct bins
 - Keep items clean, empty and dry
 - If you are unsure, ask your local council or check out the recycle now website.
Biffa is a pioneer of plastic recycling, having built the UK's first food-grade closed-loop plastic recycling in Seaham, County Durham last year.
The plant enables Biffa to recycle 57,000 tonnes of plastic annually, or 1.3bn plastic bottles per year and is part of the Group's ongoing drive to invest in the UK's recycling infrastructure to allow more waste to be recycled at home.
What is Earth Day?
Earth Day began in 1970, calling for greater protections for the planet. Its mission is to diversify, educate and activate the environmental movement worldwide.
Since starting in 1970, it has become the world's largest recruiter to the environmental movement, working with more than 75,000 partners in over 190 countries to drive positive action for our planet. More information can be found at .
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DATA SCIENTIST at Epsilon
In this role, you will research and develop new enhancements to Conversant's award-winning Conversant One-to-One Relationship Engine, with the aim of enhancing data-based capabilities for Conversant's real-time digital marketing business.
Conversant analyzes anonymized, privacy-safe data at internet scale. We handle 200B+ of online interactions a day and have $3.8 trillion in multichannel purchases in our database. The Decision Sciences group is a collaborative R&D team that continually enhances Conversant's award-winning personalization platform through a combination of data science, machine learning, AI, computer science, and more.
Our colleagues love the fast-paced, dynamic work environment, the speed with which we translate research to business impact, the opportunity to continually learn new knowledge and skills, the internal research seminars, the external training opportunities, and the excellent work-life balance our culture promotes.
We prioritize talent and potential over having closely similar prior experience. If using internet scale data to drive business impact excites you, we want to talk to you.
- Conduct projects end-to-end from early stage research through development, in consultation with stakeholders.
- Use your expertise in data science and/or computer science to research and recommend solutions to our technology and business problems.
- Provide technology leadership to yield innovative differentiating solutions.
- Develop an understanding of Conversant's personalization platform and proprietary datasets.
- Implement and optimize state of the art algorithms in distributed environments.
- Work with our Engineering teams to integrate your solutions into Conversant's platform.
- Participate fully in our collaborative approach to research and applications projects.
- Graduate degree, Ph.D. preferred, in a computational, mathematical, engineering, or scientific field.
- Research experience in a computational area such as data science, computer science, machine learning, artificial intelligence, statistics, probabilistic modeling, or graph algorithms.
- Analytic and modeling skills.
- Verbal and written communication skills, including the ability to summarize technically complex information for a non-technical audience.
ADDITIONAL DESIRABLE BUT NOT REQUIRED SKILLS
- Experience with distributed computing.
- Demonstrated proficiency working with business and technical teams to integrate algorithms into product platforms on large data sets.


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Medical Term:
Pronunciation: klōr-ō′sis
Definition: Rarely used term for a form of chronic hypochromic microcytic (iron deficiency) anemia, characterized by a great reduction in hemoglobin out of proportion to the decreased number of red blood cells; observed chiefly in females from puberty to the third decade and usually associated with diets deficient in iron and protein.
Synonym(s): asiderotic anemia, chloremia1, chloroanemia, chlorotic anemia, green sickness
[chloro- + G. -osis, condition]


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The brilliant orange and scarlet flowers in this long-blooming perennial Hummingbird Container Garden are sure to draw hummingbirds from your entire neighborhood. The Penstemon and Agastache are the upright growers while the Zauschneria drapes over the edges of the container as a "spiller." Grow this container in full sun and plant it in a large pot (16 to 20" diameter and 12 to 15" deep) to give the plants plenty of root room to thrive. The plants will bloom their first growing season and get larger and fuller in the following years. Total of 6 Plants.
Each pre-planned garden includes premium plants, a planting and care guide, with a simple planting diagram. Hardy in zones 5-9. In zones 4-6, grow with special care (see special care notes for Zones 4-6 below).
The Hummingbird Container Pre-Planned Garden should be planted in a large pot and includes the following plants:
Container Garden Care:
- Use a premium quality potting mix (NOT garden soil) to fill the container.
- During the growing season, fertilize regularly with a fish emulsion based liquid fertilizer at least twice monthly (at recommended rates on the bottle).
- Deadhead the plants as the flowers fade to keep them tidy and blooming.
- In zones 4,5 and 6, provide winter protection by moving the pots into the garage before night temperatures drop into the low teens/single digits. In warmer zones 7-9, move the pot up against the east of north side of the house to protect the plants from excess sun.
- Indoors or outdoors, water moderately once or twice per month so the soil doesn't get bone dry.
- Leave the plants standing over the winter and clip them back hard in mid-spring before moving the pot outdoors for the next growing season.
Plants are subject to change due to availability. Any substitutions will feature plants with similar attributes suitable to the garden design. Not all plants will be in bloom at the same time, as may be depicted in the artist's rendering.
|Item Package Size|
Garden of 6 Plants
Hummingbird Container Garden
5, 6, 7, 8, 9
Kudos™ Mandarin Agastache: 18" tallCompact Pineleaf Penstemon: 10" tallOrange Carpet® Creeping Hummingbird Trumpet (Zauschneria): 4-6" tall
Kudos™ Mandarin Agastache: 16" wideCompact Pineleaf Penstemon: 12" wideOrange Carpet® Creeping Hummingbird Trumpet (Zauschneria): 15-18" wide
Late spring to early fall
Sandy Soil, Average Soil, Well-Drained Soil
Attract Hummingbirds, Native, Fragrant Flower / Foliage
High Country Gardens Exclusive, High Country Gardens Introduction
West, Western Only, Southwest, Pacific Northwest
Spring / Summer, Fall
|Ships To Canada|


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You have an empty container, and an infinite number of marbles, each numbered with an integer from 1 to infinity.
At the start of the minute, you put marbles 1 - 10 into the container, then remove one of the marbles and throw it away. You do this again after 30 seconds, then again in 15 seconds, and again in 7.5 seconds. You continuosly repeat this process, each time after half as long an interval as the time before, until the minute is over.
Since this means that you repeated the process an infinite number of times, you have "processed" all your marbles.
How many marbles are in the container at the end of the minute if for every repetition (numbered N)
A. You remove the marble
numbered (10 * N)
B. You remove the marble numbered (N)
(In reply to My ideas?
Well... to be specific, I think you said that you can't multiply or divide infinity (not dividing BY infinity).
I'm not sure what dividing by infinity means, unless you're implying dividing by a variable as the variable grows towards infinity. In which case, you are talking about the "normal" limit described by calculus.
You said in your first post "so it's infinity times 9 divided by 10... Wait, we can't divide or multiply infinity".
I don't see why not. But an infinity multiplied by, divided by, added to, or lessened by a constant is the same infinity.
Again, I would refer you to studies about what infinities mean and that they are normally dealt with as sets of elements and operations (often mappings) ON those sets.


_USER_{Krzakiewicz_Kazimierz_Dynamic, author={Krzakiewicz, Kazimierz and Cyfert, Szymon}, howpublished={online}, publisher={Zielona Góra: Faculty of Economics and Management Press}, language={eng}, abstract={Dynamic capabilities are an essential theoretical construct that is useful for understanding the phenomenon of competition. Still, in spite of the apparent popularity of this subject, the existing management literature could do with more studies into processes that shape dynamic capabilities.}, abstract={The purpose of this article is to systematisc different approaches to the dynamic capabilities concept as they are found in the existing literature, with a particular focus on its relevance to modern-day organisations as a tool to increase their competitiveness. The other goal is to discuss two issues that are critical to the dynamic capabilities concept. Firstly, what are the conditions for the predominant role of dynamic capabilities in the area of strategic management? Secondly, can the dynamic capabilities concept be treated as an underlying theoretical and methodological framework for strategic choices in modern-day organisations?}, type={artykuł}, title={Dynamic capabilities in strategic choice processes within organisations = Dynamiczne zdolności w procesach strategicznych wyborów organizacji}, keywords={Zarządzanie strategiczne, zdolności dynamiczne, zdolności operacyjne, konkurencyjność, organizacje współczesne, dynamic capabilities, operational copabilities}, }


Putin Finland Russia Invasion Soviet Union
Finnish President Sauli Niinisto (R) and his Russian counterpart Vladimir Putin arrive at Forum Marinum harbour in TurkuReuters
Finland was a part of the Russian Empire for 108 years but broke away in 1917 at the end of the First World War.
The Scandinavian nation was attacked at the beginning of the second world war by the Soviet Union, with Finland fighting the winter war and the continuation war in resistance and losing 10% of its pre-war territory.
Finland is not a member of Nato, so any invasion of its land would not constitute an attack against all members under Article 5 of Nato's founding Washington Treaty.


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I would like to commend writer Laura Brown on her article "Trout in the Classroom."
It is important to introduce our young children/adults to the importance of ecology. Clean rivers (Yuba, etc.) are necessary for the health of our streams, ourselves, and our fish. The local schools, with their teacher volunteers, nurture the growth of fish eggs to 'live fish' in aquariums. The teachers explain to their interested and absorbed students the fish life cycle and "their" part in the survival of fish and stream health. Starting at an early age, learning to play a part in our ecosystem's survival are important components of life!
I know this article raised awareness of how fragile our system is and we need to be proactive to insure that we can be an active part of its revival.


CPM Homework Banner
Home > CC2 > Chapter 9 > Lesson 9.1.2 > Problem 9-36
Howie and Steve are making cookies for themselves and some friends. The recipe they are using will make cookies, but they only want to make cookies. They have no trouble reducing the amounts of flour and sugar, but the original recipe calls for cups of butter. Help Howie and Steve determine how much butter they will need.
Per cookies there needs to be cups of butter.
Set up a proportion.
Solve for.
 of a cup


Christmas lights and other RFI—Bah humbug
Just kidding, I am in the holiday spirit, but I just got off the phone with Stuart Lipoff, IEEE Fellow and we discussed the possibility of RFI from Christmas lights and other sources. Lipoff says that how you're affected really comes down to what type of Christmas lights you use. The older technology that was used to make the lights blink can indeed cause radio interference. In this case, the lights were arranged into a string of small low voltage incandescent lamps in series with each other. The total number of lamps in the string were such that the combined voltage of all of them was equal to the 110 volts in a typical US home.
Most modern day Christmas tree lights are based on solid-state LEDs and often use an external electronic flashing controller and do not create radio noise. However, there are some LEDs that have an additional blink controlled chip right inside the LED bulb. It turns out that these devices also create significant radio interference as this internal controller cycles the LED chip from on to off. The reason is somewhat analogous to the spark problem in incandescent blinker bulbs in that when the LED is between fully on and fully off it can exhibit negative resistance that causes it create radio energy.
Lipoff told me that the UK regulator OFCOM claims that Christmas tree lights can slow down Wi-Fi speeds. The interference is usually in the lower frequency ranges which would affect more the AM Radio band (530 kHz to 1.6 MHz) and not so much the FM radio band which starts at 88 MHz. He says that some people take a battery-operated AM radio and walk around the house, with the radio tuned between stations, and the RFI can he easily heard as you come near an offending device whether it's Christmas lights, a wall light dimmer (Ones by GE or other brand name manufacturers are usually good but the ones from the $1 store are typically noisy), hair dryer or essentially any device that has a motor that will create sparks from the brush/armature connection as the motor spins.
This phenomena is what helped send Morse Code from Ships at sea due to this negative resistance effect sent out over an antenna. Here's how the ARRL describes it.
Wi-Fi is another story. 802.11b is up at 2400 MHz so will not be as affected as an AM radio. Lipoff says that Wi-Fi will re-send something that is not received properly anyway.
Latest low voltage switching power supplies for lights can be noisy in the lower RF ranges as well. These are used for PC power supplies as well but they must adhere to FCC rules because they are classified as a computer device.
How about a tropical fish tank heater? They usually have no hysteresis and use a bi-metal strip as a thermostat which will arc.
I am putting all of this out there starting the holiday season in order to get your experiences with noise that interferes with modern equipment like a Wi-Fi system or other device. Please do send your experiences and share them with our audience.
Happy holidays to all my readers!
3 comments on "Christmas lights and other RFI—Bah humbug
 1. Victor Lorenzo
 December 25, 2015
 Switched mode power suppliers are often at the heart of our EMI and RFI issues during certification, but other simple devices and circuits also create a lot of wideband RFI.
 I worked on a circuit where the conmutation of one small relay at the same time of a few LEDs produced a wideband perturbation in the VCC lines. This perturbation was coupled to a pair of external cables and produced RFI in all bands from 30MHz to 2.5GHz with peaks spaced only a few MHz.
 Incandescent bulb christmas lights are still out there, some of them produce a lot RFI when dimming, at some times enough RFI to interfere with the TV nearby the christmas tree.
 2. Steve Taranovich
 December 25, 2015
 Hi Victor,
 Thanks for sharing your experiences with our readers
 3. richmarkley
 January 7, 2019
 The whole topic is interesting as we transition to all LED lighting, eventually. I still prefer the warmth of incandescents, tbough LEDs are getting better. Or, maybe I am just getting used to them and starting to like not having to change 20 bulbs every year (or throw out a full set of lights again, like I did this Christmas).
 To detect EMI, grab a handheld spectrum analyzer (I'm with R&S so I naturally have an affinity toward R&S equipment, such as the Spectrum Rider ZPH.
 Connect a directional antenna and you can quickly find the offending string of lights. And since it can measure signals up to 4 GHz, you can see if your lights—or those of your neighbors—are really slowing down your Wi-Fi:)
 Fun application of a useful tool: Thanks Steve.
Leave a Reply


Understanding Healing
Healing has its origin from the word haelan, the state of being hal, which is the Scottish and North English form of whole. This word hal has since been given the literal sense of "being free from infirmity", and acquired a meaning of "being healthy and uninjured". Hal is also the root of "holy" which is defined as spiritually pure. Derivation from the same medieval root brings to mind a long-standing association between the concept of healing and the perception of wholeness and spirituality. However this concept challenges biomedical thinking because modern Medicine has no model of what it means to be "whole" as a person.
How then, should we understand the meaning of "being whole" in the context of illness?
When an individual falls sick, what happens is that he no longer finds himself to be the person he once was. This generates suffering and the latter becomes a threat to his wholeness, a concept which involves the physical mental, emotional and spiritual dimensions of his personhood. Suffering is an unpleasant experience and it mirrors the person's perception of being helpless, and sometimes, being hopeless. Often it involves anguish and creates a crisis of meaning in his life. The situation may even alienate him from society. It calls to mind a spiritual consideration of the ultimate importance of his life on Earth and this is often reflected as a personal story. This explains why in any illness, the patient's suffering subsumes the theme of wholeness, and also explains the basis of using narratives in healing. Although some types of suffering are beyond the purview of modern Medicine, they can nevertheless be transcended by finding meaning in the threatening life events. Viktor Frankl, the Austrian psychiatrist who wrote Man's Search For Meaning, tells us that "suffering ceases to be suffering in some way at the moment it finds a meaning."
Healing is different from eliminating or suppressing symptoms. The process has become somewhat foreign to the culture of modern Medicine. It is essentially a reversal of the process of illness and at the same time, evokes an awakening to one's true nature and meaning of life. The process takes place at all the four levels of the selfhood - physical, mental, emotional and spiritual.
At the physical level, healing involves medical attention to anatomical wounds and allows the tissues to unite, regenerate and consolidate. The biological process is often helped significantly by a reminder to restore oneself to a healthy lifestyle, balanced diet, supplementary nutrients and changing one's level and type of physical activity.
At a mental level, healing involves the taking of individual responsibility to commit to health and happiness. Healing occurs from within, not from without. Many damaging attitudes get in the way. Holding the therapist or physician responsible for the outcome of one's recovery is one example. While the therapists or physician facilitates the healing process, they do not cause it to happen. The individual's mental process does. A victim mentality is another example. When one believes that he is a victim of his upbringing, partner, colleague or disease he disempowers himself and gets stuck with his healing process. For many people, their beliefs create their reality. These thoughts are often so entrenched in the subconscious mind that they override any conscious attempts at change.
At the emotional level, healing involves forgiveness of self and others and the release of any emotional tension, attitude or thought that is blocking one's recovery path. It also involves letting go of all behaviour that is not conducive to a positive mental attitude or emotional wellbeing. A lot of our behaviours are driven by emotions such as fear, craving, anger, desires and guilt and healing requires one to detach from these. Several methods are available to help us and this includes traditional psychotherapy in Medicine. Regression therapy, which is one form of psychotherapy, takes one back in time to events which are the root of one's emotional issues, is a particularly useful technique. The healing with this technique involves the process of reliving, revisiting, reframing or reprocessing old emotional hurt and trauma so that they are healed at the deepest levels.
At the spiritual level, healing involves the expansion of one's awareness of who one is, why he is what he is and his purpose of life. Spirituality does not mean religion and we are not talking about religious healing here. Rather, the healing at this level refers to getting in touch with one's inner self, which is vast and powerful. Through one's inner wisdom, he is able to pursue and discover the meaning of his life and illness. The process involves the understanding of unconditional love. Love is the essence of what we are and the force that keeps us going. When we love ourselves enough, negative energy patterns disappear and the body heals. A breakthrough would then come with a shift in consciousness.
Hence, by helping patients transcend suffering, physicians will be able to surpass their curative roles to claim their heritage as healers. This in turn will facilitate Medicine to maintain its tradition as a healing profession.


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The man stopped the machine he was riding and stepped off it to take a look. When he discovered the snake was in two pieces, he reached to grab the tail end to keep, perhaps as a souvenir. While gripping the rattle section of the snake, the other half, which included the creature's head, struck, biting the farmer on the arm.
The man, knowing the danger, and feeling the sting of the venom, ran back toward his farmhouse, seeking help from neighbors. But, the effect of the venom took him fast. Even with the assistance of neighbors, any help was to no avail. The farmer died as a result of the snake's poison.
While rattlesnake fatalities are rare in western Michigan, another occurred 18 years later. On Sept. 9, 1909, Hudsonville farmer Thomas Damm was bitten in the arm by a rattlesnake, and died the following day. The snake laid underneath a wood pile where Damm was working.
On Sept. 27, 1954, a West Olive girl suffered a rattlesnake bite on the leg while playing with friends near her home. She made a full recovery at the Holland Hospital. The "serpent killers" likely were all a breed known as a Massasauga rattlesnake. The eastern Massasauga rattlesnake is Michigan's only venomous snake, and is a rare sight for state residents.
In recent years, a Burmese python in Ottawa County made headline news. On Aug. 19, 2008, a Michigan state trooper shot and killed the nearly 7-foot long snake after it slithered onto a West Olive road frightening passing motorists. Authorities were concerned the python might attack children in the area and suspected the python was a released or an escaped pet.
Most of historical Massasauga sightings on record originate in Oakland, Livingston, Jackson and Washtenaw counties in southeast Michigan and in Allegan, Barry and Kalamazoo counties in southwest Michigan.
While the unfortunate Ottawa County victims had no protection from the Massasauga, the creature became protected under Michigan law in 1988.


Why does the Moon look like this?
Here's a view of the moon you'll never see from Earth. This is a picture taken by astronaut Soichi Noguchi while on-board the International Space Station. The photo demonstrates how the crew's position relative to the Moon and Earth's atmosphere create bizarre illusions where the Moon appears to be squished like a beanbag chair.
When Noguchi snapped this picture back in May of 2010, he was observing the moon through the thickest part of Earth's atmosphere. The squishing effect is the result of the air surrounding the Earth acting like a lens; light from the moon passing through the atmosphere on its way to the ISS is bent, resulting in this pancake effect.
Bad Astronomy's Phil Plait provides the diagram below to help illustrate how the Earth's atmosphere behaves like a lens, and explains some of the other features of the illusion, including why the bottom half of the moon appears redder and smooshier than the top half:
Why does the Moon look like this?
The more air you look through, the more junk (particles, smog, and so on) there is, and this stuff tends to scatter bluer light...In this case, the blue light from the Moon gets scattered away, and only the redder light gets through - that's the same reason the setting Sun can look red. The closer to the Earth's horizon you look, the more air you're looking through, and the redder the Moon looks.
In the picture you can also see ripples at the top of the Moon. That's from different layers in the atmosphere having different temperatures, bending the Moon's light by different amounts.
Moonrises are not uncommon on the ISS (the space station orbits the Earth about once every 90 minutes, meaning astronauts on-board can observe up to 16 moonrises and moonsets each day), so views like this one from the ISS aren't exactly rare; but Plait claims that this photo, in particular, presents the most dramatic example of the effect that he's ever seen.
Via Bad Astronomy
Top image via Soichi Noguchi/NASA Goddard


text: The present work shows economic to the geoambientais aspects, partner, the economic process of occupation of the territory, aspects and ambient conditions of each city. Due to microregion it is located in the littoral area, the same one presents similar or even though equal characteristics. The occupation of the microregion if gave through the settling of the territory of Japaratuba, where the too much cities had been busy for indians, fishing and families who make possible the occupation and development of these areas. Currently the microregion presents population indices that the city of Japaratuba, Japoat and Pirambu indicates as bigger urban development. The microregion presents some decurrent factors of the action of the development that had harmed the environment of the region, however, it deserves prominence the Project of Protection Tartaruga Marinha (TAMAR) in Pirambu that, not only develops a work of protection of the fauna more also of the flora. 2 CONDICIONANTES GEOAMBIENTAIS OF the MICROREGION the state of Sergipe possess 75 cities. Due to similarity of ground, vegetation economic activity, these cities had been grouped in thirteen microregions.


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Hong Kong, 1st June 2023, ZEX PR WIRE, In today's business landscape, maintaining a strong brand reputation is crucial for success. A brand reputation audit plays a vital role in identifying strengths, weaknesses, and areas for improvement. KeyGroup, an international consulting company, emphasizes the significance of reputation audits in strategic development planning. Viktoria Yukhnenko, a development advisor at KeyGroup, highlights five reasons why enterprises must prioritize reputational audits:
- Identifying strengths and weaknesses for informed business decisions.
- Improving customer experience based on feedback.
- Enhancing brand image and messaging to align with the target audience.
- Mitigating reputation risks by proactively addressing potential issues.
- Staying ahead of the competition by differentiating and providing a superior customer experience.
"A comprehensive audit encompasses various aspects of a business, enabling necessary changes and improvements in strategy," says Viktoria. "By analyzing critical factors such as company background, goals, target audience, and competitor analysis, effective strategies can be developed to thrive in a competitive marketplace."
One of the significant challenges a brand reputation audit can address is the impact of cancellation culture. Renowned brands and celebrities like Balenciaga, Amazon, and Elon Musk have experienced the consequences of canceling culture. However, they have successfully maintained their visibility and popularity through strong reputation audits, highlighting the importance of reputation management in the face of modern problems.
The culture of cancelation can have severe consequences for companies and individuals, resulting in negative publicity, lost sales, and damage to their reputation. A brand reputation audit can aid in identifying potential risks and taking preventive measures before they escalate. In case of backlash on social media, a reputation check can identify underlying issues and enable corrective action. Moreover, understanding the audience and aligning messaging with their values minimizes the possibility of being canceled.
The impact of a strong reputation audit on a business is undeniable. It helps identify potential risks, improve customer experience, enhance brand image, and stay ahead of the competition. By conducting a brand audit, businesses establish a credible and consistent identity, ultimately improving their reputation. To ensure precise and valuable outcomes, it is recommended to work with an agency that specializes in reputation audits. Their expertise and utilization of the right tools and techniques can maximize the benefits of the audit process.
KeyGroup is an international consulting company dedicated to helping businesses achieve strategic success. With a focus on digital growth, KeyGroup offers comprehensive services to enhance brand image, improve customer experience, and mitigate risks. The team of experienced professionals ensures businesses are equipped to thrive in a competitive and dynamic marketplace.
For additional information and business inquiries, please contact: _URL_
The Post Key Group — Reputation Audit is The Key to Your Business in the Cancel Culture Era first appeared on ZEX PR Wire
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Homeownership has long been heralded as better for children. Kids raised in owned as opposed to rented homes show higher math and reading scores and less tendency to drop out of high school. In recent years, organizations from the National Association of Realtors to the President's Council of Economic Advisers to Habitat for Humanity have made sure to mention those sorts of findings in efforts to push more people to own houses.
But maybe the argument is flawed. New research by David Barker of the University of Iowa and Eric Miller of the Congressional Budget Office indicates that homeownership actually has little to no effect on how kids do in school. Their paper, "Homeownership and Child Welfare," which appears in the summer issue of Real Estate Economics, is drumming up interest in housing-policy circles for calling into question one of the basic rationales for encouraging people to own homes. It's yet another idea like house prices always go up, and down payments aren't that important being re-evaluated in the wake of the housing crash.
At first glance, data often seem to support the premise that there's an educational advantage to living in an owned home. Numbers from the U.S. Department of Education, for instance, show that elementary school students who live in owned homes consistently do better on reading and math tests than students who live in rentals. In a survey involving more than 20,000 children, first-graders in owned homes scored an average 77.3 points on a test of reading, while children in rented homes scored an average 68.5 points. That gap persisted for math scores (62.6 vs. 54.8), as well as for reading and math scores among third-graders.
The problem, though, is that the differences in the raw data went away once Barker and Miller controlled for other variables like what language was spoken at home and whether a parent had lost a job.
Using another set of data, from the U.S. Census, the researchers tested the claim that children in owned homes are more likely to graduate from high school. By looking at homes with 17-year-olds and whether or not those kids were still in school, Baker and Miller saw a clear advantage to ownership. Children in owned homes were a few percentage points more likely to stay in school. Yet again the researchers saw that advantage dissipate once other variables were taken into account.
How recently families had moved had a particularly pronounced effect on the results. Among families that had moved in the past few years, the difference between living in an owned or rented home was significant. But as families stayed in one place longer, the difference started going away. After five years, the difference was insignificant for families living in apartments and town homes, and after 10 years, it was also insignificant for those in traditional single-family houses. "For people who have stayed put for a long time, there's really no difference between ownership and rental," says Barker. One theory about why that would be the case: moving into an owned home is more likely to signify a good event has taken place (a new job in a new town, say), whereas moving into a rented home is more likely to signify a bad turn (parents getting divorced, perhaps). Those other events are then influencing performance in school, the thinking goes, not homeownership or renting per se.
In the course of the research, Barker and Miller tested additional variables to see if they could find other things affecting educational outcomes. One variable that influenced test scores even more than homeownership: whether a family owned a car. What to make of that? Well, maybe cars are important. Or, maybe neither cars nor houses are important in and of themselves, but both are good at signaling a lack of financial strain. "If parents have income coming in, then they are more likely to be able to afford a house or a car, and that's a more regular, less stressful environment for children," says Barker.
The conclusion, then, is that policymakers probably can't bolster how well kids do in school simply by crafting programs to encourage homeownership. The $100 billionplus in annual tax breaks and subsidies sent the way of homeowners might do many things, but helping the nation's children doesn't necessarily appear to be one of them. "You can't conclude that by making more people into homeowners you can cause all these other good things to happen," says Barker, "because maybe these people are different in the first place."


Why assertiveness matters in business
In tough times, organisations look for well-balanced assertive leaders. How do you measure up?
Assertiveness by itself will not get you a promotion, nor the respect of your peers and direct reports. But failing to stand your ground effectively, and - conversely – being too controlling and aggressive, can halt your advance up the corporate ladder. So why are organisations seeking out assertive leaders and where do you fit on the assertiveness barometer?
Assertiveness is a way of describing how people defend their interests. Assertive leaders can create a compelling vision, communicate strategy and clearly define objectives and service quality standards. They inspire their people, gather support, and create alignment within a team so that everyone moves in the same direction. They avoid the confusion and disorientation caused when team members are trying to second-guess what they're supposed to be doing and why.
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Definition: voice grade
The bandwidth required to transmit human voice, which is about 4,000 Hertz (4 kHz). The term may refer to an analog telephone line, but also to a digital line that supports the digital equivalent of voice (see DS0). Depending on the context of usage, the term may refer to a channel that is a step up or a step down from another type.


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Sara Snogerup Linse
Molecular mechanisms of Abeta aggregation in Alzheimer Disease
Swedish Research Council
We aim at a detailed understanding of the mechanism of aggregation of the Abeta peptide involved in Alzheimer's disease and neuronal cell death. We take an unbiased approach and set up a large number of kinetic experiments with variation of total peptide concentration. We use analytical solutions to the combined rate equations for sets of microscopic steps, and chose the minimal model that can fit all data. We challenge the found model by new experiments, the outcome of which has to agree with the prediction based on the fitted rate constants for the mechanism to be accepted. Such standard procedure to find a mechanism has not previously been used in the case of Abeta aggregation. By taking full control over peptide cloning, production, purification, monomer isolation, inertness of all solutions and surfaces, we get unprecedented reproducibility in the kinetic data. Thus we can propose to not only solve the mechanism, but to find the molecular determinants of each step through systematic variation of intrinsic (sequence) and extrinsic (pH, salt, temperature, membranes, other proteins, crowding effects, body fluids) parameters. We also study which steps in the mechanism are retarded by known inhibitors. We study structure of rare intermediates and search for interactions with other proteins during the process. Full insight into the mechanism in terms of the underlying microscopic steps and their molecular driving forces will aid in rational design of inhibitors.


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Human Computer Interaction and Data Visualization - Awards
IBM Awardees in HCI
Prof. Matt Jones, Swansea University, UK (Faculty Award 2010)
Title: Haptic interactions with the Spoken Web
Interactions with Spoken Web are performed over a dumb phone instrument. Having such a minimal device requirement ensures that any phone device can be used to interact with the content on the Spoken Web. This provides access to the billions who are currently untouched by the smartphone and the WWW revolutions. The research under this proposal aims to look at advanced interaction techniques that can be performed using such dumb devices. A user intent can be expressed by several tapping and scratching interactions on the phone case. Such events can then be captured from the mobile microphone and can be processed to determine the user intention. The research promises to build haptic interaction modalities on such low-end phone devices.
Prof. Andrew Sears, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (Faculty Award 2009)
Title: Interruption recovery in an aging workforce: The role of cognitive abilities and visual cues
Interruptions while interacting with information technologies have been acknowledged as having negative consequences, yet are a pervasive feature of modern technology. As a result, researchers have studied the implications of interruptions, methods of identifying "interruptible moments", and tools that can help individuals manage and recover from interruptions. Researchers accept that attention, cognitive workload, and related factors are important in understanding the implications of interruptions. However, existing research has not addressed these issues in the context of an aging workforce. As the workforce continues to age, it is essential that we understand the challenges older workers experience and develop techniques that allow these individuals to continue to be productive. This is particularly important because, with age, individuals often experience changes in their physical, perceptual, and cognitive capabilities. Therefore, the proposed research will investigate the relationship between cognitive status and the ability to recover from interruptions during interactions with information technologies. Simultaneously, the research will seek to identify the types of visual cues that individuals use as they recover from the interruption and continue with their original task. The outcomes of the proposed research will provide insights that can guide the development of new tools that will allow users of information technologies, including older adults, to better manage and recover from interruptions.
Scott Hudson, Carnegie-Mellon University (Faculty Award 2008)
Corporations are realizing that to become truly global entities they need to connect their resources around the world to each other in such a way that work can flow seamlessly between centers of excellence. Successfully developing vibrant communities of information, sharing expertise in real-time, and connecting people in social networks are key steps along the way to creating a seamless global organization. A major impediment towards these goals is the flood of communications that we are already subjected to, and the fact that all messages are created - and treated by messaging systems - as equal. The work proposed here will investigate the concept of pro-active messaging and the user interface techniques that will enable it. We propose to take messages beyond passive entities that are delivered from one person to another, to entities that are active - carrying out actions to improve their utility based on information about the sender's purpose and the recipient's current state, tasks, and contexts. By allowing users to modify message behavior based on intent, and developing intelligent supports for messaging, communications can become more productive, thus clearing channels for important messages, and making users more open to community and expertise exchanges.
Margaret Burnett, Oregon State University (Faculty Award 2008)
In recent years, software engineering researchers have begun to study program navigation. Programmers spend up to 35% of their time navigating source code to find pieces that are relevant to their current task. This number can only increase with the rising complexity of large distributed programming projects. Tools to address navigation costs are beginning to emerge. Some of these navigation tools are useful, but they lack a theoretical basis. We propose to address this lack. Specifically, we hypothesize that Information Foraging Theory might be able to predict, step-by-step, programmers' navigation behavior in debugging and maintenance. We seek to determine whether this is true. If so, this theory will provide a theoretical foundation for software navigation tools, and a model based upon it can significantly improve today's ad hoc tool-building practices - by explaining what is fundamentally necessary in such tools.


children up to one year may. A year-old child can be given up to 1 ml per day.
The following amounts of the drug can be given for children:
from 1 to 2 years - 1 - 1.5 ml per day;
2 to 3 years - 1.5 - 2.0 ml per day;
3 to 5 years - 2.0 - 2.5 ml per day;
from 5 to 7 years - 2.5 - 3.0 ml per day;
7 to 10 years - 3.0 - 3.5 ml per day;
10 to 12 years - 3.5 - 4.0 ml per day;
12 to 14 years - 4.0 - 4.5 ml per day;
14 to 16 years - 4.5 - 5.0 ml per day.
Adult dosage:
For a general rehabilitation the following doses are recommended:
The first bottle - 2 - 3 ml per day;
The second bottle - 3 - 4 ml per day;
The third and the fourth bottle - 4 - 5 ml per day;
 1. Course duration and doses are selected individually, depending on the patient's condition, the disease and the effect produced. Therefore, sometimes the dose can be more significant.
 2. In most cases, it is appropriate to take Elixir "Phoenix" at least for one or two months. Then, take a few months break and repeat, if necessary. If necessary, it is possible to take this one or another cordyceps preparation for a long time. You can also alternate drugs, depending on the disease. For cancer and hematological diseases liquid forms of Cordyceps (Elixir "Phoenix" and "The Three treasures Fohow") are recommend in the optimal dosage, alternated constantly or taken at the same time: one drug in the morning and the other - in the evening.
 3. All drugs containing cordyceps, especially their concentrated liquid forms, in cases, when a chronic disease appears, are prescribed along with traditional medicines only. Later, when a certain level of bioregulation is achieved, doctors may try to gradually scale down the amount or dose of medication, and even cancel some medicines when bioregulation becomes stable.
 4. Cordyceps containing drugs can be used safely with all other nutritional supplements and medicines.
 5. To prevent possible exacerbation of any chronic diseases (especially hypertension, kidney stones and gall stones), because of the use of dietary supplements, it is recommended to take small doses of cordyceps medications, gradually increasing them to the optimum within 5 - 10 days. We usually start taking dietary supplements containing Cordyceps, and, first of all, concentrated liquid forms (Elixir of "Phoenix" and "The 3 treasures Fohow" with 0.25 - 0.5 ml, increasing the daily dose by the same amount of drug.
Standard packing in carton: 4 bottles of 30 ml.
Storage: keep an open bottle in a cool place, avoid direct sunlight.
Shelf life: 18 months.
Elixir "Phoenix" - the best medication to maintain the traditional culture of health!
Health for life!
A. Budnik, age: 43
The problem / illness: my grandson is 2 years and 2 months old. He has a disability for congenital "atopic dermatitis", resistant form, is not amenable to conventional treatment. We had used quite a lot of medications, but nothing helped.
Product: in July, 2011, I got acquainted with Fohow company, began using homeopathy in along with the company's products: "Linchzhi" capsules (1 per day), elixir "Sanqing" and the elixir "Phoenix" (to 2 ml per day), as well as pasta "Rose". Within two weeks, there was a strong aggravation, abundant rash all over the body, itching, the temperature rose to 38.4, and diarrhea.
Result: By the third week an improvement had come. The skin turned white, the rash gone, and after 4 weeks, we got the result. Skin has got clear! The child enjoys a good sleep and mood.
Davydenko V., age:17
The problem / illness: I had problems with my kidneys, I was registered in the hospital with a diagnosis of "chronic pyelonephritis."
Products: For 8 months I had been taking Elixir "Phoenix," "Liuwei" tea, "Linchzhi" capsules, and paste "Rose Fohow."
The result is stunning! Currently, I have removed from the register! I am grateful to the company Fohow, which produces such wonderful products!...
Davletshina Larissa
The problem / illness: my 3-years old daughter was diagnosed with a "complex astigmatism", eyesight +4 diopters. Glasses, of course, were prescribed. We had wore them for six months only. The we had to give up due to a strong protest of the child.
Products: Elixir "Phoenix", "Linchzhi" capsules.
Result: after a year the eyesight has improved for one diopter. We continued using the products, and a year later the eyesight was 0.8 and 0.9. We check every year and now astigmatism is not found. The girl is now 12 years old. It's great!
Androsova Nadezhda
The problem / illness: I had a xerophthalmia, that is dry eyes syndrome, due to many years of working at the computer.
Products: elixir "Phoenix" inwardly and outwardly, 3 drops into the eyes in the morning and in the evening.
Result: I now have natural tears and my eyesight improved from 2.5 to 1.5.
Cherezova Olga, age: 38, Vladivostok
The problem / disease: For quite a long time I was taking pharmaceutical preparations for the treatment of herniated disc, back pain and vascular abnormalities (narrowing of the vertebral artery in the neck), but the result was not positive!
Products: Linchzhi capsules, Xueqingfu capsules, Elixir "Phoenix" and a thermal waist protector.
Result: Condition has improved a lot within five months: back pain disappeared and sleep became normal. It's harder with blood vessels, but the result is yet to come!
Blotskii Vasily, age: 53, Khabarovsk
The problem / illness: I had a serious work accident : fell from a scaffold and injured my spine. Additionally doctors diagnosed "gangrene" and the chances of life were a few.
Product: But I survived and now I work and easily endure exercise only due to the powerful elixir "Phoenix", Linchzhi capsules, Xueqingfu, "Liuwei" tea, a thermal waist protector and calcium "Haytsao Gai".
The result: a fully restored structure of the blood and the calcium in the body. But the overall life happiness felt only after I had returned male power, even tougher than when I was young (!), and the bald spot on my head covered with hair. What else a man need? Hearty thanks to the "Fohow" company for its noble mission!
Victor, age: 43, Ussuriysk
The problem / disease: Since I was 20 I've been suffering from hemorrhoids, pain in my knees, and my meniscus would move out occasionally.
Products: Took a course of "Phoenix".
Result: I've forgotten about these problems.
The problem / disease: injured my finger with a circular saw, almost to the bone.
Products: Elixir "Phoenix."
The result: pain soothed, the wound closed up without any medical intervention.
Adamowic L., age: 54
The problem / disease: disturbed by periodic joint pain. And often a headache, unstable blood pressure, varicose worried grid on my feet.
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Answer to Question #50392 in Macroeconomics for abdulla sabit
b.Suppose,the saving of an economy is given by S=-10+0.2Y and autonomous investment I=$500million.
1.the equilibrium level of income;
2.the level of consumption;
3.the new levels of income and consumption if investment increases permanently by $500 million.
1. The level of consumption depends only on the magnitude of current disposable income: C = C (Yd), and this relationship is positive, i.e., with an increase in disposable income consumption increases, but
2. In the economy a psychological law acts according to which "people tend to increase their consumption with income growth, but to a lesser extent than income increases." This is due to the fact that because disposable income is divided into consumption and savings:
Yd = C + S,
3. then the growth of disposable income both consumption and savings increase.
B. The main formula is: Y = C + I. Knowing the formula of consumption, it is possible to derive a formula on savings: S = Y- C.
Thus, S = I. The equilibrium level of income is: -10+0.2Y = 500 000. Y = $2.5 billion
The level of consumption is: C = 2500 - 500 = $2 billion.
The new level of income due to investment increase is: Y = $5 billion.
The new level of consumption due to investment increase is: C = $4 billion.
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The management model of the MEID project: tools for Sustainable Industrial Areas and opportunities for SMEs
An EU research project (Mediterranean Eco-Industrial Development, (MEID)) which involves different actors from Mediterranean and Western Balkans region, is concluded in May 2013.
An EU research project (Mediterranean Eco-Industrial Development, (MEID)) which involves different actors from Mediterranean and Western Balkans region, is currently in progress. Its general objective is to provide innovative management figures and a decision support tool (model) to plan, build and manage more competitive Sustainable Industrial Areas (SIA) in the involved region. In order to correspond to a coherent solution, an accurate research has been performed. The methodology implemented to detect the main issues under survey has been a SWOT analysis of several target IAs. Following its results, there have been defined the most relevant aspects aiming at sustainability of IAs in the area. The model introduces or encourages the continuous improvement of environmental performances of the Mediterranean industrial areas in the following fields: integrating production and dismissal of solid wastes, energy saving and use of renewable energies, reducing water consumption, better viability and avoid the deposit of dangerous material. Thanks to this 'green approach', SMEs will be the final beneficiaries, fostered to eco-innovation, competitiveness and transnational cooperation. This paper presents the general context and results of the MEID project.
Energy Efficiency, Industrial Builgings, Industrial Areas, Mediterranean


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PET was invented in 1941 by ICI in the U.K. and played its first role as a fiber, and its second as film with DuPont's introduction of Mylar in 1952. It took more than 20 years for PET molding grades to come onto the scene. When they did, they revolutionized the packaging industry with oriented bottles.
In 1973, DuPont's Nathaniel Wyeth patented the oriented PET beverage bottle. Because DuPont lacked solid-state PET resin production, its initial efforts to produce bottle preforms were unsuccessful, owing to insufficient intrinsic viscosity (I.V., a measure of molecular weight). The first commercial production of PET resin suitable for injection molding preforms came from Goodyear in 1974, which had solid-state capability in place. Between 1976 and 1978, three other suppliers—Celanese, American Hoechst, and Eastman—brought on PET bottle-resin capacity
At NPE 1979, Eastman Chemical introduced "spruce green" bottle-grade PET resins so that plastic bottles could match the color of glass bottles. In the early 1980s, CPET (crystallized PET) arrived as a highly heat-resistant material for thermoformable, dual-ovenable food trays for prepackaged meals and entrees. At NPE 1991, amorphous PET (APET) resins for extrusion blow molding of handleware were introduced by Eastman, DuPont, and Goodyear. APET did not take off, as the market found it too costly because of the thicker walls required. More successful was a glycol-modified amorphous PET, called PETG, introduced by Eastman in 1977. It has been successful in injection and blow molded containers and extruded sheet and profiles.
The current U.S. PET resin market is approaching 7 billion lb/yr. PET dominates the soda and "premium" water bottle market for 2-liter and smaller bottles, where handles are not required.
Glassor mineral-filled PET was introduced by DuPont in 1978. Rynite PET constituted the first "engineering" grade of PET for general-purpose injection molding. It overcame the limitations of previous reinforced PETs, which were difficult to mold and suffered poor surface quality, brittleness, and warpage. Many of the earliest applications were electrical parts, such as coil forms, automotive ignitions, transformer housings, terminal blocks, motor end brackets, fuse caps, and light housings. Some other applications in Rynite's first decade were chair shells and arms, bicycle drive parts, and boat propellers. Within five years, Rynite had at least four domestic competitors and at least 15 by the end of the 1980s.
PBT for injection molding was first brought to the market in 1969 by Celanese, with its Celanex 3300, a 30% glass-filled grade. In 1972, GE introduced both unreinforced Valox PBT and a 30% glass-filled grade. Not long after, GE launched flame-retardant grades. By 1977, Eastman, GAF, LNP, and Thermofil had entered the business, with Fiberfil and Mobay not far behind.
The earliest PBT applications were in the electrical/electronic connectors, switches, controls, and automotive high-energy ignition systems. PBT also played a major part in the development of plastic automotive bumper systems. GE alloyed PBT with PC to produce Xenoy, a material with high impact strength at low temperatures plus heat and chemical resistance that enabled all-plastic auto-bumper systems to replace steel. The 1984 Ford Taurus/Mercury Sable were the first cars to utilizes this system in both front and rear bumpers.
Very few readers of this issue can remember, or even imagine, what it was like when an injection mol...


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In honor of Halloween, we have compiled a few spooky facts about the different ways coins and money have been used in the world of the macabre.
- In ancient Greece it was believed that the souls of the dead were ferried to the afterlife across the River Styx. In order the ensure their loved ones could pay the ferry fee, coins were placed inside their mouths before burial.
- Ghost Money is a Chinese tradition that dates back thousands of years. This practice is where people take "money" – often handmade with rice paper – and burn it, sending it to the souls of their lost loved ones.
- As far back as the Middle Ages, people feared their loved ones coming back from the dead. To make sure that they entered their afterlife with enough money to cover any expenses, coins were placed in the coffin, either tied to ribbons, in bags or placed in the deceased's hands. This practice was to make sure that they were able to rest in peace…always.
- Throughout the world coins have often been used to keep the eyelids of the dead closed. Still practiced in some countries today, it is believed that upon looking into the eyes of the dead you are able to see your own death.


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TTI Study Finds Arsenic and Lead in Imported Glass Beads
The American Glass Bead Manufacturers' Association, which sponsored the study, is urging states and the U.S. government to limit heavy metal levels in glass beads used for highway markings.
A recent study sponsored by the American Glass Bead Manufacturers' Association says that a growing number of imported glass bead products for highway markings have high concentrations of heavy metals, including arsenic and lead.
The findings of the study, which was conducted by Texas A&M University's Texas Transportation Institute (TTI), were presented last month at the American Traffic Safety Services Association's 41st Annual Convention and Traffic Expo in Phoenix, Ariz.
The TTI study showed that imported glass beads had extremely high levels of arsenic and lead and were susceptible to rapid leaching with exposure to water. The high levels of heavy metal substances pose a hazard to highway worker safety and are an environmental threat, in terms of runoff into the soil, surface water, and drinking water, according to the association.
The trade group notes that glass beads manufactured by companies in emerging nations, particularly China, continue to use glass made from old glass-making techniques that require chemical modification, resulting in products containing high levels of arsenic and lead. U.S. producers use such materials as recycled flat glass to make glass beads, which do not contain high levels of arsenic and lead. These products are primarily used for highway safety markings, providing the light-reflective lane markings found on highways around the world.
"These findings are consistent with results from a recent New Jersey Institute of Technology/Rowan University study and also confirm what our membership has known to be true for some time," said Robert McClune, association president. "It's time for state and federal transportation officials and lawmakers to act and establish a federal standard for engineered glass beads in highway markings and prevent these hazardous substances from being applied to our roads and highways," he said.
Such a bill was introduced Feb. 15 by U.S. Rep. Bill Shuster. The Safe Highway Markings Act of 2011prescribes standards for glass beads used in pavement markings, limiting the arsenic or lead content to 200 parts per million. The bill, which has been sent to the House Subcommittee on Highways and Transit, also requires the Secretary of Transportation to withhold up to 5 percent of the apportionment of federal-aid highway funds for any state that fails to enforce requirements to ensure that glass beads used in pavement markings on or along federal-aid highway roads or highways do not contain more than 200 parts per million arsenic or lead.
Setting a heavy metals standard for glass beads has gained strong support from environmental groups like the Sierra Club, state and federal lawmakers, and unions like the International Union of Operating Engineers, according to the association. Nineteen states have adopted laws or regulations that require the use of non-toxic materials in the production of glass beads for highway markings. This same issue is gaining traction globally with the European Union, Australia, New Zealand, and several Canadian provinces. China has also set strict heavy metal standards for internal use but continues to export contaminated glass bead products to other nations, according to the association.
Based in Valley Forge, Pa., the association was established in 1991 and represents a majority of the glass bead manufacturing base in the United States. The trade group works toward the betterment of the industry and is involved in programs to expand and improve highway safety. For more information, call _PHONE_.
Source: American Glass Bead Manufacturers' Association


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Strict scrutiny is a form of judicial review that courts use to determine the constitutionality of certain laws. To pass strict scrutiny, the legislature must have passed the law to further a "compelling governmental interest," and must have narrowly tailored the law to achieve that interest. A famous quip asserts that strict scrutiny is "strict in name, but fatal in practice."
For a court to apply strict scrutiny, the legislature must either have significantly abridged a fundamental right with the law's enactment or have passed a law that involves a suspect classification. Suspect classifications have come to include race, national origin, religion, alienage, and poverty.
Compare to intermediate scrutiny and rational basis.
Definition from Nolo's Plain-English Law Dictionary
A legal standard to determine the constitutionality of a statute, used when the statute implicates a fundamental right or relates to a suspect classification under the equal protection clause (such as race). To determine if a statute passes the test, a court considers whether the government has a compelling interest in creating the law, whether the statute is "narrowly tailored" to meet the government's objectives, and whether there are less restrictive means of accomplishing the same thing. (See also: rational basis
Definition provided by Nolo's Plain-English Law Dictionary.
August 19, 2010, 5:25 pm


{4}{3}\pi r^3.
 5. ^ Surface gravity derived from the mass (m), the gravitational constant (G) and the radius (r): \frac{Gm}{r^2}.
 7. ^ a b The leading hemisphere is the hemisphere facing the direction of the orbital motion; the trailing hemisphere faces the reverse direction.
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 9. ^ In the case of icy satellites, palimpsests are defined as bright circular surface features, probably old impact craters; see Greeley et al. 2000.[13]
 10. ^ To embay means to shut in, or shelter, as in a bay.
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In 2015, the theme of the Sydney Teaching Colloquium was 'cultural competence is everyone's business'. The university community met on 4th November to explore the issues, challenges and success stories around embedding cultural competence in pedagogy and curriculum. Take a look at the short highlights video below.
Six undergraduate student ambassadors were involved in the Colloquium: Longen Lan (Advanced Science/Law), Rosie Menzies (Advanced Science), Suji Jeong (Commerce/Arts), Tracy Trieu (Commerce / Liberal Studies), and Ann Wen (Arts /Law). These students worked with Tai Peseta and Amani Bell in, what was then called the Institute for Teaching and Learning (now Educational Innovation). This student and staff partnership worked to:
- provide their knowledge, experience and understanding about the demands of being a student to the Colloquium planning processes
- develop resources that engage the wider student and university community
- participate in panels and group discussions at the Colloquium
- collect, analyse and present data at various stages of the Colloquium process
- participate in a research project about the Ambassador scheme
_TAG_ congratulation all fantastic day – my highlight student ambassadors they made an old man think afresh – simple and powerful – student presentation so clear honest and powerful cultural competence is essential in a quality uni experience & education – Professor Shane Houston (Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Indigenous Strategy and Services)
A highlight of the Colloquium was the students' 'walk the line' presentation, which can be seen here.
The students have shared their reflections about their experiences in a soon to be published article for the journal Teaching and Learning Together in Higher Education.
The success of this initiative led to a project in 2016 where six students worked in collaboration with five unit coordinators to improve student learning about cultural competence in five units of study, including geology and project management.
L to R: Tracy Trieu, Stephanie Barahona, Ann Wen, Dr. Tim Soutphommasane (Australia's Race Discrimination Commissioner), Suji Jeong, Rosie Menzies and Longen Lan
Main image: 'A living method' by Professor Juanita Sherwood was chosen as the image for the 2015 Sydney Teaching Colloquium because it reminds us that to be collaborative cultural learners, we need to reflect on the many influences that shape our journeys. Circles are used within Indigenous cultures to illustrate the holistic nature of ways of knowing and being. The spiral indicates that the system is not closed or static, highlighting the ongoing processes of learning and co-generating knowledge.