Laravel creating our first database table
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A while ago, I wrote an article on setting up a Laravel project but never got on to writing more Laravel stuff.
Today I'll be going through some important things, Databases! Laravel has a very cool way of creating/maintaining databases, which is in the form of migrations.
It basically means every time you need to make a change to a database, you'll need to write a new migration. Yes, even if you want to change something on an old table.
And that has many benefits. It tells laravel what the old field was, you can auto set new values, and much more.
Another great thing about migration is the option to roll back a migration. Using the rollback will revert the migration as you describe in the migration file.
Setting the environment file
Before we can work with the database, we have to create a connection first. These connections are maintained and defined in a so-called.env file.
Each Laravel project will come with an example called the.env.example.
Copy the example to your own version and change the variables to be correct.
For today we are just looking at the database section.
Creating our first Laravel migration
Enough talk. Let's see how this works. Open your favorite terminal and navigate to your project root folder.
php artisan make:migration create_books_table
Running this command will create a new migrations file, you can find under database/migrations/{time}_create_books_table.php.
You might see there are already the default migration files from Laravel in this folder.
Open up the newly created file.
You will see there are two sections here, an up and a down. As mentioned above, the up will be used to create or alter tables. The down will be used when the rollback is called and generally should revert what happened in the up.
Let's add some fields to our table.
Schema::create('books', function (Blueprint $table) {
This will create a table called books that has the following fields.
 - id: auto-increment field
 - title: string
 - year: number
 - created_at: datetime
 - updated_at: datetime
The id and timestamps are by default added by Laravel.
Now, we can run the following command to run our new migration:
./vendor/bin/sail artisan migrate
If you haven't used the new start, you can run:
php artisan migrate
This will create the table for us, and it should look something like this:
Laravel database table created
And there you go, our first database table in Laravel.
Thank you for reading, and let's connect!
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Robotics Case Studies
- This case study is filed under:
The Modular Power Connector (MPC) from Multi-Contact Combines up to 15 Single-pole Power Contacts
Stäubli Electrical Connectors, Inc. Posted 10/25/2012The great advantage is obvious: the modular design permits the construction of application-specific plug connectors with standard modules. Fixed mounting dimensions with variable assembly configuration simplify structural integration. That reduces costs for logistics, warehousing and service.
Applications can be found in regional rail, subways and streetcars, but also in locomotives and high-speed trains, for example in the electrical drive train. The traction transformer reduces the voltage generally used in rail systems of 15 or 25 kV to the operating voltage required by the traction engine, generally a voltage between 1500 and 2000 V. The MPC is used to transmit power to the secondary side of the transformer as well as for the power supply to the drive motor. Additional applications are the power connection between cars and the electrical contacting of components such as inverters and batteries. With rated values of 3600 V and up to 700 A, this plug connector is suitable for many other industrial high-current and high-voltage applications.
The individual modules of the MPC can be connected on the side and stacked vertically. For different contact diameters and cable cross-sections of 10 to 240 mm², there are different insulating bodies available that can all be combined with one another. Up to 15 modules can be combined, and it is even possible to combine plugs and sockets. Instead of using multiple single-pole connectors, only a single modular plug connectors can be connected.
An MPC coupling can consist of one fixed and one mobile part, or of two mobile parts. For the fixed part, either a straight plug connector is mounted using existing mounting holes, or a flush-mounted box is installed in a panel. The mobile plug connector permits adaptation to a wide variety of installation situations by selecting straight or angled modules. The result is a particularly compact plug connection between two rail cars by using fixed flush-mount boxes with a mobile angle connector. Combining straight plug connectors results in particularly flat couplings, for example for under-floor installation. Here, a metal cover protects the connector from mechanical damage such as impact by rocks.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Developing Functional Classification and Retention Schedules
Every good records management program is built on two crucial components: a functional classification system and a retention schedule. Both are critical if you want to get all the benefits of good records management.
Creating and implementing them is a challenge for many organisations though, because the process can be resource intensive. That's where DATAFILE comes in. Our consultants have extensive experience developing functional classification systems and retention schedules across all industries and verticals.
This is a system which allows you to properly organise your records based on what your business does. This helps with everything from managing risk and compliance to improving access and collaboration, as well as reducing unnecessary duplication of documents.
Creating the right system means taking a holistic view of your RM program with respect to your business activities and the records, both paper and electronic, that support them.
Here's a quick overview of DATAFILE's process for creating a functional classification system:
- Interview staff and review existing material to learn more about the organisation and the information it creates
- Identify and name unique business activities
- Group activities together based on functions
- Apply the resulting functional classification system to every piece of information that is created
Records Retention Schedules
The challenge when it comes to creating a retention schedule, whether you are using electronic records, paper records, or a hybrid of the two, lies in creating a schedule that covers all the regulatory and legal requirements, and then applying it to all your RM functions. This can be very time consuming, and requires deep records management knowledge, especially if you need to apply it to RM software or an electronic content management system.
Here's a quick overview of our approach to creating a retention schedule:
- Start with extensive research into the relevant legal requirements
- Evaluate legal citations and operational requirements
- Apply retention periods to activities identified in your functional classification system
- Map the resulting retention schedule to the classification system, which allows us to identify all your records
- Comprehensive programs are simultaneously developed outlining everything from:
- Duplication and dispersal requirements
- Storage and access restrictions
- Eventual destruction of records as outlined by a retention schedule


Can patient safety improvement still learn from the aviation industry?
How can we tackle healthcare staff burnout?
What is the link between staff burnout and patient care?
Burnout and wellbeing in mental healthcare staff: Our review
It was an article that started life as a conversation. We sat around a table in March 2016, discussing mental healthcare staff wellbeing. Someone pointed out the increase in burnout they had seen in mental… View Post


The Tugu Peringatan Negara or more commonly referred to as Tugu Negara, is a complex located in Kuala Lumpur, adjacent to the Perdana Botanical Gardens.
The complex that houses the Tugu Negara also houses the Kuala Lumpur Cenotaph, which was originally erected by the British colonial administration.
The Cenotaph was originally located elsewhere but later transferred to the complex when works on the Tugu Negara complex began.
The Tugu Negara was designed by an Austrian, Felix de Weldon, who also designed the USMC (United States Marine Corp) War Memorial located in Virginia, USA. Works on the Tugu Negara began in 1963 and it was finally opened to the public in 1966.
The conceptualization of the Tugu Negara complex is to honour the approximate 11,000 dead from World War I (_PHONE_), World War II (_PHONE_) and The Malayan Emergency (_PHONE_).
The Tugu Negara was damaged in August 1975, when explosives were used by subversive elements to try to destroy the Tugu Negara. However, only two of the sculptures were damaged and restored soon afterwards.


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WebMD Medical News
Louise Chang, MD
Nov. 15, 2007 -- Your name may help put you at the head of the class or
leave you in the strikeout column, a new study shows.
The researchers report that MBA students whose first or last names start
with the letters A or B tend to make better grades than those whose names start
with C or D.
What's more, Major League baseball players whose names begin with the letter
K strike out more often than those whose names don't start with K, the letter
used to record strikeouts.
So say Leif Nelson, PhD, and Joseph Simmons, PhD, in December's edition of
Nelson works at the Rady School of Management at the University of
California at San Diego. Simmons works at Yale University's School of
Together, they studied the effect that certain initials have on certain
measurements of success.
They also found that law school applicants whose names began with A or B
were more likely to get into top-ranked law schools than those with other
What gives with the name game?
Nelson and Simmons suggest that people have a subtle bias toward the letters
in their monogram.
"For example," they write, "Toby is more likely to buy a Toyota,
move to Toronto, and marry Tonya than is Jack, who is more likely to buy a
Jaguar, move to Jacksonville, and marry Jackie."
So they reason that Christine may not find a C grade quite so bad as
To test the theory, the researchers presented online word puzzles to 225
people. Before tackling the puzzles, the researchers mentioned prizes for
success or consolation prizes for failures.
The prizes were labeled with a letter, such as "Prize X."
When their first names matched the initial on the consolation prize, they
solved fewer puzzles.
Of course, the researchers aren't suggesting that anyone judge a person by
There's no reason Kevin couldn't be a baseball star. And the theory doesn't
cover the whole alphabet, so William and Zena aren't doomed to bad grades.
SOURCE: Nelson, L. Psychological Science, December 2007.
The Health News section does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. See additional information.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Contact Us Today _PHONE_
When Can a Child Decide Where to Live?
One of the most frequent searches on the Internet on family law issues is the question: "At what age can the child decide where he/she will live?" As the Oregon Divorce Blog recently stated, that's a trick question. The answer is that the child can decide at age 18. When the child legally becomes an adult, the court no longer has control over the child. Until then, only the judge ultimately decides.
There are, however, several ways to have some influence.
 - The child can talk to the parents about the decision. As much as I don't like involving children in these decisions, sometimes a child is mature and has a reasonable basis for a change in living arrangements. What's potentially damaging is for a parent to want a change of custody and then recruit the child to become an advocate. That should be avoided. Sometimes parents try to act like the request originated with the child, but it usually doesn't. Another bad situation is when a child works the parents against each other.
 - A Social Study can be done for the court. The social worker can interview the child and evaluate what the child has to say. The worker ultimately makes a recommendation from all the information gathered from a variety of sources.
 - An attorney can be appointed to represent the child in some cases, but the attorney isn't free. The parties have to come up with the funds to pay the attorney, in addition to paying their own attorney.
 - Sometimes, a court will appoint a psychologist to interview or work with a child. That gives the child an outlet, but it's not free either.
 - In Tarrant County divorce or custody cases, or for visitation issues, the court will often order Access Facilitation. That is a pretty effective process that has the two parents meet with a social worker from the court to discuss and try to resolve custody or visitation issues. There is no cost for that service.
 - The child may be permitted to visit with the judge in chambers and discuss the situation without the parents and attorneys being present, but the judge will always make the ultimate decision. Children are sometimes disappointed with the outcome of that process. Most judges are experienced enough to detect when a child has been programmed or when a child is trying to manipulate the situation. There is no slam dunk result when a child actually gets into a one-on-one with the judge. Nevertheless, the judge can gain some valuable insight into the family if s/he visits with a child in chambers.
The element in common with all those approaches: it's always the judge who decides, and never the child.
There are certain situations that arise where there is a serious conflict between parent and child, and sometimes a change of scenery is good for everyone. Parents should do their best to keep their children out of the middle, no matter what the case. Actually, the Collaborative Law process provides good, safe opportunities for parents or children to make changes. I will have a new post soon on that approach. In the meantime, feel free to visit my other blog, the Texas Collaborative Law Blog.
Contact Us Today!


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The FCPS-24FS(6/8) from Fire-Lite Alarms is a compact, cost-effective, (6-amp/8-amp) remote NAC Extender power supply and battery charger. It is designed to extend the power capabilities of existing Notification Appliance Circuits (NAC'S) and support ADA requirements by offering NAC synchronization and auxiliary power to support 24-volt system accessories. It may be connected to any 12 or 24-volt Fire Alarm Control Panel (FACP) or it can be used for standalone applications.
- (6-amp/8-amp) full load output, with 3 amps maximum/circuit, in NAC expander mode (UL 864).
- (4-amp/6-amp) continuous output in stand-alone mode (UL 1481).
- Built-in Strobe Synchronization with System Sensor, Wheelock, or Gentex appliances for ADA Compliance.
- Strobe signal "passes through" allowing syncing of large systems.
- Instantaneous switchover to standby battery (if equipped) when AC fails, maintaining power to all attached devices without intervention.
- LED lights for quick and easy diagnosis, troubleshooting, and status indication.
- Two outputs can be used for constant power devices such as door holders (power drops upon alarm).
- Contains two fully-isolated input/control circuits for added flexibility.
- Fully regulated and filtered power output - optimal for powering four-wire smoke detectors, annunciators, and other system peripherals requiring regulated/filtered power.
- Fully supervised power supply, battery, and NACs for added reliability.


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If it wasn't for my horse... January 25, 2013 8:51 AMSubscribe
Why did men stop wearing high heels?* A History of High-Heeled Shoes. In the early 1700s, France's King Louis XIV (The Sun King) would often wear intricate heels decorated with miniature battle scenes. Called "Louis heels," they were often as tall as five inches. The king decreed that only nobility could wear heels that were colored red (les talons rogue) and that no one's heels could be higher than his own.


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cal) required to raise 1 kg of water 1° C. Thus specific
heat capacity is expressed in kcal/kg/°C.
The specific heat
capacity of water is 1 kcal/kg/° C. This means that an
increase in enthalpy of 1 kcal will raise the temperature of 1 kg
of water by 1° C.
Specific heat capacity.
Specific heat, given by the symbol "C", is generally
The amount of heat required to raise the
temperature of one (1) kilogram of a substance by one (1) degree.
The heat required to raise one (1) gram of a material one
(1) degree. It can be thought of as the ability of a substance to
Water has a
very large specific heat capacity (4.19 kJ/kg°C) or, 1
cal/gram°C compared with many fluids. Water is therefore, a
good heat carrier.
heat may be measured in kJ/kgC,kcal/kg°C, cal/gram°C or
Btu/lb°F. For comparing units, check the unit converter for
more information. Specific heat capacities for different materials
can be found in the Material Properties section.
of Heat Required to Rise Temperature
The amount of heat
needed to heat a subject from one temperature level to an other
can be expressed a
= specific heat capacity (kcal/kg°C)
Q = amount of heat
M = mass (kg)
ΔT = rise in temperature of
the material in degrees Celsius (°C)
Heat transfer is the flow of enthalpy from matter
at a high temperature to matter at a lower temperature when
brought into contact.
This is the term
given to the total energy, due to both pressure and temperature,
of a fluid (such as water or steam) at any given time and
condition. More specifically it is the sum of the internal energy
and the work done by an applied pressure.
The basic unit of
measurement is the SI unit joule (J). Since one joule represents a
very small amount of energy, it is usual to use kilojoules (kJ)
In MKS units, the basic unit of measurement for
all types of energy is kcal/kg.
specific enthalpy is a measure of the total energy (enthalpy) of a
unit mass (1 kg), and the units are usually kJ/kg or
Heat of the Liquid (Enthalpy of Saturated
Water) – hf
Expressed in kcal's, this is the amount
of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water from 0°
C to the boiling point of a given pressure/temperature
correlation. Also referred to as Sensible Heat.
hf – heat of the fluid.
Latent Heat of
Evaporation (Enthalpy of Evaporation) – hfg
in kcal's, this is the amount of heat required to change 1 kg of
boiling water to 1 kg of steam. This same amount of heat is
released when a kg of steam is condensed back to a kg of water.
The quantity of latent heat will vary with the pressure and/or
temperature of a closed system.
Written as hfg –
heat incurred in change of state from fluid to gas, or
Total Heat of Steam (Enthalpy of Saturated Steam)
The sum of the Heat of the Liquid and Latent
Heat of Evaporation, also expressed in kcal's.
hg – Total enthalpy of saturated
Subscript f = Fluid or liquid state, for
example hf: liquid enthalpy
Subscript fg = Change of state
liquid to gas, for example hfg: enthalpy of evaporation
g = Total, for example hg: total enthalpy
The density ρ of a substance can
be defined as its mass (m) per unit volume (V). The specific
volume (vg) is the volume per unit mass and is therefore the
inverse of density. In fact, the term 'specific' is
generally used to denote a property of a unit mass of a substance.
m = Mass (kg)
V = Volume (m3)
= Specific volume (m3/kg)
The SI units of density (ρ)
are kg/m³, whilst conversely the units of specific volume
(Vg) are m³/kg.
Another term used as a measure of density is the
specific gravity. It is a ratio of the density of a substance (ρs)
and the density of pure water (ρw) at
standard temperature and pressure (STP). This reference condition
is usually defined as being at atmospheric pressure and 0°C.
Sometimes it is said to be at 20°C or 25°C and is referred
to as normal temperature and pressure (NTP).
density of water at these conditions is approximately 1 000 kg/m³.
Therefore substances with a density greater than this value will
have a specific gravity greater than 1, whereas substances with a
density less than this will have a specific gravity of less than
Since the specific gravity is a ratio of two densities,
it is a dimensionless variable and has no units. Therefore in this
case the term specific does not indicate it is a property of a
unit mass of a substance. The specific gravity is also sometimes
known as the relative density of a substance.
Temperature (boiling point). The temperature for a
corresponding Saturation Pressure at which a liquid boils into its
vapor phase. The liquid can be said to be saturated with thermal
(heat) energy. Any addition of thermal energy results in a phase
Boiling Point. A somewhat clearer (and
perhaps more useful) definition of boiling point is "the
temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the
pressure of the surroundings".
The pressure at which vaporization (boiling) starts to occur for a
corresponing Saturation temperature. For water at 100°C, the
saturation pressure is 1 atm and, for water at 1 atm, the
saturation temperature is 100°C.
The term'saturation'
defines a condition in which a mixture of vapor and liquid can
exist together at a given temperature and pressure.
and other units
– °C or °K
Pressure SI unit – Pascal
Pa = 1 N/m2,
too small a unit
Common unit = Bar
1 Bar =105
Atmospheric Pressure = 1 Bar abs at MSL
0 Bar abs
Bar Gauge + atm pressure = Bar abs
Volume = 1 / Density in m3/kg
Gravity = Density ratio to water
Energy SI unit = 1 Joule =
1 Nm = 4.186 cal
Common unit = kilocalorie
1 kcal = heat
reqd to raise 1 kg water by 1°C
1 kcal = 4186.8 Joules
= sp. heat capacity in kcal/kg °C
SI and other units
mWC = meters water column
1 Bar = 10
1 Bar = 14.23 PSI (Lbs/in2)
psi = 10.54 Kg/cm2g
psi = 3.5 Kg/cm2g
is the pressure exerted by a static head of water column. Remember
that 10 meters of head = 1 bar
pressure + Atmospheric pressure = Absolute pressure
most common pressure for utilization of steam is 3.5 kg/cm2g.
Density is about a thousandth of water.
- Boilers come
from an era when the industrial revolution was at its peak in
Britain. Therefore, the world standards for boilers are British.
ie, the MKS system.
- Specific gravity is dimensionless as
it is a ratio. Density of any lquid relative to water. It is used
mostly for fuel.
- The SI unit of 1 Joule is too small,
therefore the kilocalorie was developed.
base units. The
International System of Units (SI) is founded on seven base units:
Length, Mass, Time, Electrical current, Thermodynamic temperature,
Luminous temperature and Amount of substance. They are defined in
an absolute way without referring to any other units. We will be
working with the following four units only..
derived units. Derived units are algebraic combinations of the
seven base units with some of the combinations being assigned
special names and symbols.
properties of matter are measured at STP - Standard temperature
Temperature: freezing point of pure water, 0°C
Pressure: 760 mm Hg or one atmosphere
1. Heating Water
What is the energy needed to heat a mass
of 1.0 kg of water from 0°C to 100°C when the specific
heat of water is 1kcal/kg°C.
Q = M Cp ΔT
1 kg X 1 (kcal/kg°C) X (100 - 0)(°C)
= 100 kcal
If 200 kgs of a substance at 22 °C with a specific
heat of 0.88 kcal/kg°C is heated with 10,000 kcal of energy,
what is the new temperature of the substance?
Q = M Cp ΔT
= Q / M Cp
= 10,000 / 200 X 0.88 = 56.82
temperature is 22+56.82 = 78.82°C
Assume that water at 50° C water is fed to a boiler
at atm pressure. This begins to boil at 100° C. 1 kcal will be
required to raise each kg of water by 1° C. Therefore,


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Water Treatment Plant Tours
Take a tour of the Nunes Water Treatment Plant and learn about your community's drinking water system. During the tour, you will observe the treatment process and learn how raw water is treated to meet drinking water standards.
Tours are scheduled between 9:00am and 2:00pm on weekdays. The minimum age of tour participants is 7 years old. Chaperones are required for participants under the age of 18. To schedule a tour, call _PHONE_ and speak with James Derbin, Superintendent. All tour participants are required to sign a waiver of release and liability form. To view the waiver of release and liability form, please click here.
Grade-schoolers learn about drinking water in this fun, colorful booklet that tells the fascinating story of water: The Story of Drinking Water. A Teacher's Guide is available to accompany the student's booklet. These materials are available free of charge to schools in the District's service area.
- Water treatment in ancient Egypt
- Our water planet
- Water science-molecular structure, three forms of water, hydrologic cycle
- Water sources - surface water and groundwater
- How water utilities make water safe to drink
- Distribution to consumers
- Water pollution
- Water costs
- Water conservation
California Water Story (Grades 4 - 6)
These lessons integrate many subject areas (geography, history, science, math and art) and are designed to help students develop specific skills
These lessons can be directly correlated to the California State Department of Education curriculum standards.
California Water Facts
The 12-page, full-color brochure contains eye-catching charts and photos explaining California's surface and groundwater use and delivery system, the state, federal and local water projects, and environmental protection issues.
Alternative water sources such as water recycling, desalination and groundwater recharge are described.
A "Water Trivia" section includes figures on indoor and outdoor household water use, and how much water is used to produce certain foods such as tomatoes, oranges and pasta.
A section on water efficiency in the home and issues such as climate change and water quality are also included.


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Can 360 feedback replace performance appraisals there has been a growing sentiment for some time now that performance appraisals are rather useless rather, everyone is now going gungho about feedback feedback can be real time and ongoing that's what employees need as it actually helps. During a 360-degree review, a team member can expect to receive feedback from all angles supervisors, direct reports and peers will all chip in with their views on that person's skills, behavior, and impact on the rest of the team it's a completely different way to approach the traditional performance review,. The 360-degree approach to providing feedback is quite different from the traditional, top-down performance feedback that was once commonplace 360 assessments differ in several ways: well-rounded review traditional performance reviews involve the employee getting feedback directly from her/his manager while a. Design and use a survey to compare 360 feedback to traditional supervisoronly feedback 11 survey the subjects for their satisfaction with the multi-source feedback 12 revise the multi-source feedback system of a k-12 school district based on the feedback of the employees 13 develop a script/notebook that would. If you are not using 360 degree feedback you could be falling to traditional workplace dynamics as the different sectors harness all of these rapidly changing processes, slowly but surely the implementation of the 360-feedback tool is gaining traction related article: workforce happiness: how to keep your team. 360 degree feedback is a key tool in assisting employees to maximise their potential it provides feedback from a range of sources (such as managers, peers, direct reports, and customers or clients), offering many advantages over traditional single-source feedback 360 degree surveys are increasingly. Sogosurvey helps you collect accurate and helpful information through 360- degree feedback surveys enable employees and others to answer specific questions related to performance learn more. Traditional 360 degree surveys have shown a low level of agreement between self-ratings and "other's" ratings research suggests that self-ratings are typically higher than "other's" ratings by as much as one half a standard deviation this presents a challenging feedback situation where there is little.
Unlike, the traditional top-down appraisal where a supervisor appraises the performance of their subordinate, 360 degree feedback incorporates multiple perspectives by using feedback from a principle of 360 degree feedback: provides an understanding of how the employee is perceived from different perspectives. The purpose of the 360 degree feedback is to assist each individual to understand his strengths and weaknesses and to contribute insights into aspects of paperwork/computer data entry overload: in traditional 360 evaluations, multi-rater feedback upped the sheer number of people participating in the. Paradoxes of 360-degree feedback programs and offers suggestions for managing them significant another difference from traditional performance a survey of the members of the society of human resource managers found that 35 percent of the organizations used 360-degree feedback primarily for executives.
Use of 360-degree assessments (360s) in the military for evaluation purposes, as requested by what are 360-degree assessments, and how are they different from other assessments 7 findings from numerous studies on effects of biographical characteristics, personality traits, and other dispositional charac. Get a full 360-degree understanding of employee performance by collecting feedback from the whole team customize this it offers regular, actionable, career advice, as opposed to traditional performance reviews, which usually only happen once a year _USER_ helps you easily build beautiful forms & surveys.
If implemented properly there are very few disadvantages to 360-degree feedback however human error can be the difference between a successful and a failed 360-degree feedback system managers who aim to replace their traditional performance review systems face a tough choice there is an abundance of. Download citation | 360-degree feedback | this article examines the status of 360-degree feedback in organizations how to optimally use feedback from multiple constituencies as a competitive advantage is discussed differences between traditional performance appraisal and 360-degree feedbac. When you think of 360 reviews or feedback, think of the employee receiving the 360 degree performance review as standing in the center of a circle those all around them in the office setting are reviewing the employee's job performance it differs from a top-down traditional performance review where only.
Research institute for studies in education at isu provided the surveys used to compare teachers' experiences with the traditional single-source feedback performance evaluation to the feedback they received from the 360-degree feedback process 27 k-12 teachers from a large suburban school district in the hudson. Looks at the difference between success and failure with regard to 360‐degree feedback projects, stressing the need for a formalized structure to facilitate effective implementation many factors that are non‐issues with traditional surveys can be fatal to 360‐degree assessment, such as those factors shown in table i. To compare the means from the survey results of the traditional method to the survey results of the 360-degree feedback method and to determine if there is a significant difference between the means, or if the differences are due to sampling errors created by random sampling findings the purpose of this study was to gain. Develop questionnaire a questionnaire used for 360 degree feedback typically contains items that are rated on a 4 to 7 point scale these items may be developed to measure different dimensions of job performance (eg, communication, teamwork, leadership, initiative, judgment,) questionnaires also typically include.
Companies use 360 degree feedback as a development tool and performance appraisal tool what 360 feedback surveys do not measure includes performance objectives, meeting basic job requirements, and basic skills what the 360 degree feedback system does is help companies get a better understanding of their. Reality has caused an increasing number of organizations to begin using 360- degree feedback for appraisal rather than exclusively for development this carries with it some significant pros and cons multirater feedback can be used for both development and appraisal purposes there are, however, important differences. Executive summary in this groundbreaking white paper, we challenge the notion that the best way to get honest feedback is through an anonymous process many researchers argue that using an anonymous 360-degree process can produce the opposite of the intended resultsthe anonymity will make.
Is 360 degree feedback better than traditional evaluations studies show 360 degree feedback assessments can have a positive economic impact when used for leadership development a study by j folkman showed the relationship between turnover and leadership effectiveness he showed effective leaders have. 360-degree feedback is so named because it solicits feedback regarding an employee's behavior from a variety of points of view (subordinate, lateral, and supervisory) it therefore may be contrasted with downward feedback ( traditional feedback on work behavior and performance delivered to subordinates by supervisory. Research by 3d group (2013) shows that the use of 360 degree feedback is now used for developing employees at all levels, extending beyond traditional recipients such as senior management and leadership groups there is also growth in the use of comparisons to previous years scores these results.
Themselves, but fewer studies have investigated relationships between the ratings and other variables to determine the how 360 degree ratings fit in the context of other traditional job-related variables measuring characcontextual performance has been related to some individual differences in past research, including. The 360 degree survey is similar in that observations about an employee's actions, strengths and weaknesses are used to evaluate their overall performance, but the difference is they normally involve more than just two participants with a 360 degree survey it's not only the employee's direct manager who. Based on over 15 years of performance management research, these assessments combine the power of 360 evaluations with traditional performance appraisal to as decisionwise handles the survey design, setup, and administration, our client partners quickly find the process results in a higher degree of performance.


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The Bay yesterday was looking rather splendid:
It was an Easter holiday ramble of the beach with the youngest field assistant, but we found a couple of Gryphaea, extinct Jurassic oysters:
The right hand specimen has a small, almost complete Gryphaea on the left hand side, the rest is made up of smaller specimens. I've been reading a dissertation of the Jurassic geology of this area which talks about anoxic events; periods when the seabed became inundated with dexoygenated water, killing whatever creatures got in its way. When you see large numbers of fossils dead together, an influx of anoxic water or getting caught up in a mudslide might be the cause. Some Jurassic creatures found as fossils in Runswick beach thrived in low-oxygen conditions such as these Pseudomytilus dubius, bivalve molluscs. These ones are rather splendidly pyritized (coated in fool's gold) on the outside of a pyritic nodule.


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Background: Unprecedented, one-pot regioselective synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles through azidealdehyde (3+2) organo-click cycloaddition under metal and solvent-free conditions, is described.
Objective: Solvent and metal free synthesis of biologically and industrially important triazoles.
Methods: Efficient and high yielding synthesis of products avoiding the tedious high solvent workups and chromatographic
separations. The synthesis doesn't involve the routine acetylenes which are very costly but instead cheaper starting
materials like aldehydes and organic azides are used.
Results: Green protocol based on the catalysis through Ionic Liquids which simultaneously act as solvents. The products
are obtained in good to excellent yields in hassle free synthesis.
Conclusion: Efficient and green synthesis of structurally and biologically important triazoles.


Experience Metabolic Freedom with Vespa, the 6th Paradigm Shift of OFM
In my last vlog I revisited the 5 paradigm shifts within OFM to help you understand the enormity of the paradigm shift OFM represents. However, I intentionally left VESPA out because it is a paradigm shifting product which helps DRIVE those 5 paradigm shifts. And for those of you new to and considering fat adaptation, VESPA is an easy first step to get a taste of and experience the lifelong benefits of fat adaptation before taking the plunge into optimizing your fat metabolism.
To begin, VESPA represents a RADICAL paradigm shift away from the conventional fueling/nutrition paradigm. From a decades old paradigm of focusing on how to 'fuel' by trying to increase caloric intake during training and competition to one where the athlete focuses on tapping into the virtually limitless energy he/she has onboard; FAT!
This has shown to boost performance, health and immune system function while all but eliminating the dreaded bonk, GI issues and the cellular damage from oxidative stress from burning glucose.
The product paradigm shift of VESPA is that it is a natural Catalyst that works with your physiology to tap into YOUR limitless energy, instead of the dead-end method of trying to consume ever greater amounts of calories from highly processed gels, bars, shot blocks, fat bombs, energy drinks etc.
VESPA also has a tremendous paradigm shift in terms of science. Our approach and application harnesses the 'Science of Nature' instead of the Man-made lab! Consider this then consider the millions of years of Evolution that went into developing the ingredients in VESPA versus only decades for the products populating the conventional paradigm that is today's Sports Nutrition.
Now, let's look at how VESPA contributes to the 5 paradigm shifts of OFM I talked about in my last vlog.
Paradigm-shift #1: Fat is your fuel.
VESPA is a natural catalyst which enhances fat metabolism. Unpublished data suggest VESPA increases peak fat oxidation rates anywhere from 0.5 grams/minute to up to 1.0 grams/minute!
Paradigm-shift #2: Your own body is THE major source of energy.
As a catalyst rather than calories using VESPA increases metabolism of your own body fat, the energy source Nature intended you to burn for most of your aerobic energy. When you understand this paradigm-shift you will understand the value of VESPA.
Paradigm-shift #3: Damage-prevention over Recovery:
By significantly increasing fat oxidation VESPA reduces glucose metabolism thus oxidative stress and lactate load which PREVENTS the cellular damage done by burning a lot of sugar. This is a HUGE paradigm-shift in your overall health and longevity let alone you are able to bounce back from training and competition.
Paradigm-shift #4: Fat Adaptation, done properly, actually increases Carbohydrate Tolerance & Utilization
VESPA locks you into a state of performance level fat metabolism for sustainable performance allowing any carbohydrates you store or ingest to act like rocket fuel but in a much more sustainable way. You get a bigger bang from carbs using less and this allows the athlete to maintain hormonal balance and insulin sensitivity to tolerate significant levels of carbs during big blocks of training and for competition.
Paradigm-shift #5: Chronic Stress is as big an issue as concentrated forms of Carbohydrates:
One aspect of using VESPA that our Heros notice is the retention of mental focus, motor skills and overall cognitive function. Many athletes use VESPA in their professional lives when it counts: important meetings, presentations, depositions or trials, long duration surgeries and even crop dusting at night! This stability, by default means there is no drama along with the stress that goes with drama.
Every paradigm shift was initially met with skepticism, ridicule and dismissal by the 'Experts' who desperately needed to uphold the conventional paradigm. I know because since the turn of this century when I started my fat adapted journey and pioneered fat adaptation for health and performance I was one of those lone voices being met with skepticism, ridiculed and dismissed. But I knew fat adaptation had merit based upon my experience and a lot of reading on physiology, metabolism and evolutionary biology. More so, those few brave souls like Jon Olsen, Jenny Capel, Zach Bitter, Mike Morton and countless others were also experiencing these same paradigm-shifting results by winning and setting records at the highest level of competition.
VESPA allows you to take that first step effortlessly without a radical change in lifestyle or diet and set you on your fat adapted journey. Similarly, if you are coming from a Keto, Low Carb or Paleo camp, VESPA leverages your fat adaptation to give you the metabolic tolerance to include carbohydrates to achieve that performance edge.
Click here to try Vespa today and take your first step to Metabolic Freedom
Transform Your Metabolic Health in 28 Days or Less!


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Sulfur occurs principally in the body as a constituent of the cysteine and methionine. As a constituent of these amino acids it plays an important role in the structural conformation of almost all proteins and enzymes found in the body.
Sulfur is also important in the structure of antibodies, and the sulfide group of cysteine is important in the activity of various enzymes. The disulfide linkage, which is formed between two cysteine residues, tends to bind up adjacent parallel peptide chains, thereby adding to the structural rigidity of many proteins.
Sulfur is an important constituent of thiamine and biotin, and is found in insulin, keratin, and various glycoproteins. It is important in the molecule chondroitin sulfate in bone and cartilage.
Method of Action
Sulfur in the body exist primarily as a constituent of cysteine and methionine, although it also exists in smaller amounts in various inorganic sulfate compounds.
Sulfate, which contains sulfur, is an important constituent of the compound serotonin; serotonin acts as a vasoconstrictor and aids in blood coagulation.
Disulfide bridges, or sulfur to sulfur bonding of two cysteine residues, function to link together the various peptide constituents of all immunoglobulin molecules. Disulfide bridges also aid in the maintenance of structural rigidity in keratin protein. Keratin is composed of many peptide chains, which are linked together by hydrogen and disulfide bonds. Skin is made of a "softer" keratin which contains less disulfide bonds and, therefore, less structural rigidity. "Hard" keratin, as is found in hair and nails, has a greater amount of structural rigidity.
Disulfide bonds are essential in maintaining the three dimensional structures of proteins and enzymes. Enzymatic activity, in many enzymes, depends upon the protein structure. For example, pancreatic ribonuclease has four disulfide bonds within its protein structure and does not function efficiently in the absence or malformation of these bonds.
Sulfur is a constituent of the molecule coenzyme A (CoA), which is involved in a wide variety of metabolic reactions. CoA plays a role in glycolysis, metabolism of fatty acids, degradation of various amino acids, and the formation of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, as well as numerous other metabolic processes.
Properties & Uses
Sulfur-containing drugs have been used in a wide variety of clinical treatments. Among these are the sulfonylureas, which enhance glucose utilization in diabetic patients; sulfonamides, used in combatting infection; salicylazosulfapyradine, an anti-inflammatory agent; sulfisoxazole, an antibiotic; sulfinpyrazone, which helps treat chronic gout and recurrent heart attacks; and sulfasalazine, which is used in the treatment of ulcers.
Consequence of Deficiency
Cysteine renal calculi arise from a hereditary defect in renal tubular resorption of cysteine, which results in cystinuria (an abnormally high urinary excretion of cysteine) and production of cysteine crystal kidney stones.
It should be noted that adequate protein intake almost always assures adequate organic sulfur intake.
Ingestion of organically-complexed sulfur (e.g., in amino acids) in excess has not been shown to be toxic. High sulfate levels have been observed in infants fed exclusively on formulae with abnormally high cysteine and methionine contents.
Recommended Dietary Allowance
There has been no RDA established for sulfur. It is assumed an individual takes in sufficient amounts of sulfur when the protein intake is adequate.
For over thirty years, Recommended Daily Amounts has existed in the United Kingdom. It has been used to measure the adequacy of an individual's diet. However, in 1991 the Committee on Medical Aspects of Food Policy (COMA) gave forth a whole new set of figures upon the request of the Department of Health's Chief Medical Officer. Reference Nutrient Intake (RNI) is one of these sets collectively known as "Dietary Reference Values." RNI is an amount of a nutrient that is enough for almost every individuals, even someone who has high needs for the nutrient. This level of intake is, therefore, considerably higher than what most people would need. If individuals are consuming the RNI of a nutrient they are most unlikely to be deficient in that nutrient.
The major food sources are proteins containing methionine and cysteine. The body synthesizes cysteine from its precursor methionine.
Chaney, Margaret S. & Margaret L. Ross. Nutrition. 9th edition, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1971.
Czanarin, Doris, M. 1984. Minerals - Food, Nutrition and Diet Therapy. M.V. Krause and L.K. Mahan. W.B. Saunders Co, Phila.
Griffith, H.W. 1983. Complete Guide to Prescription and Non-Prescription. Fisher Publishing, Inc., Tucson.
Hunt, S.M., J.L. Groff & J.M. Holbrook. 1980. Nutrition: Principles and Clinical Practice John Wileyand Sons, N.Y. 506.
Merck Index, no. 4210.
Mitchell, G.A.G. & E.L. Patterson, Basic Anatomy. 2nd edition. Edinburgh: E and S Livingstone Ltd., 1967.
Orten, J.M. & Otto W. Neuhaus. 1982. Human Biochemistry. Mosby Co. St. Louis. 984.
Walji, Hasnain. 1992. The Vitamin Guide-Essential Nutrients for Healthy Living, Element Books, Dorset.U.K.
Walji, Hasnain. 1994. Vitamins, Minerals and Dietary Supplements - A definitive Guide to Healthy Eating. Hodder Headline Plc. London.
Williams, Sue Rodwell. Nutrition And Diet Therapy. 5th edition. St Louis: Times Mirror Mosby, 1985.
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text:
The Global Cholesterol Management Devices Market Is Expected To Grow At A CAGR Of 8.5% During The Forecast Period (2017-2023).
Cholesterol is a type of lipid molecule, which is biosynthesized by all animal cells as it is an essential structural component of the cells. Cholesterol management devices are used to determine a lipoprotein profile and to measure total cholesterol content, high-density lipoprotein (HOL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides, and other fatty substances found in the human body. The global cholesterol management devices market is driven by increasing obese and overweight population base. According to the World Health Organization (2014), worldwide, more than 1.9 billion adults over 18 years were overweight of which over 600 million were obese. Less physical activity due to the desk-bound nature of many forms of work, changing modes of transportation, government support for the research and development, and increasing urbanization have fueled the growth of the market. However, lack of awareness among the people may slow the growth of the market.
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The global cholesterol management devices market is segmented on the basis of types, application and end users. On the basis of types, the market is classified into monitors, wrist monitors, small portable instruments, meters, wireless systems, and others. On the basis of applications, the market is categorized into hypercholesterolemia, hypocholesterolemia, cholesterol testing, and others. On the basis of end users, the market is segmented into home based healthcare, hospitals, clinics, and others.
- Cholesterol Management Devices Manufacturer
- Cholesterol Management Devices Supplier
- Research and Development (R&D) Companies
- Independent Research Laboratories
- Market Research and Consulting Service Providers
- Medical Research Laboratories
- Academic Medical Institutes and Universities
Apply for Exclusive Discount @ _URL_
Detailed Table of Contents:
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.2 SCOPE OF STUDY
1.2.1 RESEARCH OBJECTIVE
1.2.2 ASSUMPTIONS & LIMITATIONS
1.3 MARKET STRUCTURE
2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
2.1 RESEARCH PROCESS
2.2 PRIMARY RESEARCH
2.3 SECONDARY RESEARCH
3 MARKET DYNAMICS
3.4 MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS
4 MARKET FACTOR ANALYSIS
4.1 PORTERS FIVE FORCES MODEL
4.2 BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS
4.3 BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS
4.4 THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS
4.5 THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES
4.6 INTENSITY OF RIVALRY
5 GLOBAL CHOLESTEROL MANAGEMENT DEVICES MARKET, BY TYPES
5.2 WRIST MONITORS
5.3 SMALL PORTABLE INSTRUMENTS
5.5 WIRELESS SYSTEMS
America continues to dominate the global cholesterol management devices market owing to the presence of a huge number of people suffering from obesity and overweight. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2014), 73.5 million adults in the US had diagnosed with high cholesterol level. Additionally, increasing awareness among the people regarding different monitoring procedures and well-developed technology have also contributed to the growth of the market. Europe is the second largest cholesterol management devices market, which is followed by Asia Pacific. Asia Pacific is the fastest growing region for the market due to the presence of a huge patient population and continuously developing economies. On the other hand, the Middle East & Africa has the least share in the global cholesterol management devices market.
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Key Players for Global Cholesterol Management Devices Market
Some of the key player in the market are Boston Scientific Corporation (US), Medtronic (US), St. Jude Medical, LLC. (Canada), Koninklijke Philips N.V. (US), Roche Diagnostics (US), Abbott (US), Alere (US), Sorin Group (Italy), BIOTRONIK SE & Co. KG (Germany), Bio-AMD (UK) and others.
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text:
Let's go to the bee, you sluggards, and learn his ways. Aristotle, who strolled through the great outdoors and taught about what he observed, spent several pages describing the bee. He said the drones were a rather worthless kind of bee, which could not sting and would not work. The drones almost never left the hive.
In sharp contrast to the drones were "the good working bees." These bees gathered the nectar, built the honeycomb, and defended the hive. Aristotle had a clear preference for these useful little fellows, describing them in four different places as "good working."
The word Aristotle used for "good working" was chrestos (kray STOSS). It came from a verb that meant "to be useful and productive." A chrestos house was orderly and well-kept; a chrestos meal was healthy and tasty. Chrestos people were decent, honest, and upright.
In Scripture, however, the word chrestos is usually just translated "kind." If we think of "kind" as no more than mild and pleasant, we have lost an important element of the word. In the Old Testament, for example, we notice that when God is called "kind" He is actively doing something for our benefit. He gives what is chrestos and the land yields its harvest (Ps. 85:12). In a chrestos way He teaches His ways (Ps. 119:69). Because God is chrestos He helps the poor (Ps. 67:10). David said he would praise God for what He has done, for God is chrestos (Ps. 52:9).
This brings us to a New Testament passage where chrestos is used. In Matthew 11:30 Jesus invites the weary to come to Him, because His yoke is chrestos and His burden is light. What is a chrestos yoke? It is a yoke that is kind to the shoulders, well-suited for the task. Like Aristotle's honey bee, it is "good working" and productive. The yoke may ride easy, but it's designed for work!


It is possible to limit your Learners so that they can only answer a question once.
This can be achieved by clicking 'Configure' and then choosing 'With this box unchecked, only the score from the first attempt is recorded'.
💡Please note: We do not offer the option to limit your learner for more attempts than one.
For example you can not limit your learner to answering the question 3 times.
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text:
Optimise your hospital locations
Does your hospital have several locations? Then there's a good chance that you can use location optimisation to save on costs and increase quality. Here are seven tips for achieving this.
1. Define location profiles
Having a clear profile for each location creates the right expectations externally and ensures efficient organisation internally. Differentiate on the basis of complexity and volume, or opt for specific profiling based on a number of specialisms or disease profiles/syndromes. Make real choices instead of compromises that lead to ambiguity or unclear profiles.
2. Deduplicate availability features
Often, availability features such as the emergency department or intensive care units are ripe for deduplication because they are moderately to poorly occupied over multiple locations. Concentration leads to better occupancy, which is both cheaper and safer! The same applies to evening and weekend closing.
3. Consider relocation or closure
Fewer square metres means fewer costs. Especially if major maintenance or renovation is on the cards, full closure, possibly followed by relocation to smaller premises, can be an attractive option. This enables healthcare to be set up in a patient-friendly and efficient manner. Another option is to put part of the property to different use.
4. Create broad support
The support of all interested parties is essential to successful location optimisation. Therefore, actively involve medical staff, patients, healthcare support staff and local parties in the process by having them participate in project teams. Listen carefully to wishes and objections. Form a steering group that also includes medical representation.
5. Recognise emotion, objectify impact
Location optimisation is sometimes viewed in a rather black and white way, particularly when relocation or partial/full closure is on the cards. Recognise negative emotions (fear), while at the same time objectifying the potential impact. Being transparent about the advantages and disadvantages of various scenarios can help, especially if you support this with figures.
6. Use scenarios to aid decision-making
Base decision-making on substantiated, calculated scenarios. By examining alternative solutions side by side, alongside the facts of the current situation, you will be able to arrive at broadly supported choices. This prevents any discord due to an inaccurate view of the actual situation, the organisational impact, and the associated financial picture.
7. Communicate early and frequently
Sometimes you have to state the obvious: communicate, communicate, communicate. Communicating about the process that is to be followed, even if there isn't much substantive to report yet, can help prevent unrest. Transparency ultimately always has a positive effect. Through transparency and personal contact, you can transform reluctant sceptics into constructive participants. This applies to healthcare professionals, health insurers and municipalities.
Would you like to find out what location optimisation could do for your hospital?
This blog post appeared in Skipr no. 6 – 2018.


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In 1934, the Woman's Relief Corps erected a monument for the eight states that did not have a monument at Andersonville, The War Department gave the WRC permission to erect the monument. The monument lists the following:
The monument was dedicated at ceremonies held on 1 February 1936. It is the most southerly in the first row of monuments located on the west side of the prison site.
Did You Know?
The site of Andersonville prison was owned by both the Grand Army of the Republic and the Woman's Relief Corp before being transferred to the federal government in 1910. The prison site was administered, along with Andersonville National Cemetery, by the Department of the Army until 1971.


When you are a part of multiple organizations, your user account is separate for each organization. This allows for more granular control of user accounts by the Organization Admins, such as requiring two-factor authentication. The organization's short name is used to specify the org you are logging into. Once logged in, if you have verified your email, you can change between all organizations you are a part of.
Organization short name
If you are a part of two or more organizations, when you log into Command you will need to specify the organization's short name to indicate which org you are logging into. This short name is a unique identifier for the org. When logging in, if you do not know the short name, you can select the Email me a list button to have them emailed to you, along with email verification links for each org.
Changing between organizations
You can see all of the organizations you are logged into by selecting the organization name on the left sidebar in Command, and move between organizations from that list.
Select any of the organizations listed to switch between them.
If the org you are switching to has higher authentication requirements, two-factor authentication or SSO, you will be required to log in to that account when changing to it.
Unable to see all your organizations
You may find that not all of the organizations you belong to show up in the list when selecting the org name in Command's left-hand menu. This will happen when your email is not verified in each of the organizations.
The easiest way to do this, especially when you are a part of many organizations, is to go to the login screen and select the Email me a list option as shown in the above Organization short name section. This will send an email with verification links for every org you are a part of.
The other option is to log in to each organization and select the Verify Email button, which will send you an email to verify your email for that particular organization. This will need to be done for each organization you are a part of, if you want to be able to switch between organizations without having to log in each time.
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text:
8. Predicates and Utilities
Now that we know how to create classes, access slots, and define
methods, it might be useful to verify that everything is doing ok. To
help with this a plethora of predicates have been created.
- Function: class-v class
- Return a vector with all the class's important parts in it. This vector
is not a copy. Changing this vector changes the class. The CLOS method
find-class will have the same effect.
- Function: find-class symbol &optional errorp
- CLOS function. In EIEIO it returns the vector definition of the class.
If there is no class,
nil is returned if errorp is
- Function: class-p class
- Return nonnil if class is a class type.
- Function: object-p obj
- Return nonnil if obj is an object.
- Function: slot-exists-p obj-or-class slot
- Return Nonnil if obj-or-class contains slot in its class.
- Function: slot-boundp object slot
nil if OBJECT's SLOT is bound.
Setting a slot's value makes it bound. Calling slot-makeunbound will
make a slot unbound.
OBJECT can be an instance or a class.
- Function: class-name class
- Return a string of the form # which should look
similar to other lisp objects like buffers and processes. Printing a
class results only in a symbol.
- Function: class-option class option
- Return the value in CLASS of a given OPTION.
(class-option eieio-default-superclass :documentation)
Will fetch the documentation string for
- Function: class-constructor class
- Return a symbol used as a constructor for class. This way you can
make an object of a passed in class without knowing what it is. This is
not a part of CLOS.
- Function: object-name obj
- Return a string of the form # for obj.
This should look like lisp symbols from other parts of emacs such as
buffers and processes, and is shorter and cleaner than printing the
object's vector. It is more useful to use
object-print to get
and object's print form, as this allows the object to add extra display
information into the symbol.
- Function: object-class obj
- Returns the class symbol from obj.
- Function: class-of obj
- CLOS symbol which does the same thing as
- Function: object-class-fast obj
- Same as
object-class except this is a macro, and no
type-checking is performed.
- Function: object-class-name obj
- Returns the symbol of obj's class.
- Function: class-parents class
- Returns the direct parents class of class. Returns
it is a superclass.
- Function: class-parents-fast class
- Just like
class-parent except it is a macro and no type checking
- Function: class-parent class
- Deprecated function which returns the first parent of class.
- Function: class-children class
- Return the list of classes inheriting from class.
- Function: class-children-fast class
- Just like
class-children, but with no checks.
- Function: same-class-p obj class
t if obj's class is the same as class.
- Function: same-class-fast-p obj class
- Same as
same-class-p except this is a macro and no type checking
- Function: object-of-class-p obj class
t if obj inherits anything from class. This
is different from
same-class-p because it checks for inheritance.
- Function: child-of-class-p child class
t if child is a subclass of class.
- Function: generic-p method-symbol
method-symbol is a generic function, as
opposed to a regular emacs list function.
It is also important to note, that for every created class, a two
predicates are created for it. Thus in our example, the function
data-object-p is created, and return
t if passed an object
of the appropriate type. Also, the function
is created which returns
t if the object passed to it is of a
type which inherits from
This document was generated
by XEmacs Webmaster on October, 2 2007


text:
A guide to avoiding nasty employment tribunal cases.
1. Talk To Your Staff
Keep lines of communication open. Resolve discipline issues informally where you can – don't let matters escalate. An informal chat can often stop an issue becoming an employment tribunal case.
2. Adopt Fair Company Rules And Procedures
Put your rules and procedures in writing in a staff handbook. Make sure your staff know what is expected of them at work and what will happen if they breach the rules. Prevention is better than cure. Clear rules for employees help to avoid most employment tribunal cases.
3. Consider Alternatives To Disciplinary Action
If you are frustrated by an underperforming employee, consider whether it could be addressed with a Performance Improvement Plan, rather than formal disciplinary or capability action. Taking a less confrontation option may well avoid an Employment Tribunal case.
4. Keep Written Records
Keep written records of every time that you discuss the troublesome 'issue' with your employee. This allows you to refer back with confidence to previous conversations. After formal meetings make sure the employee gets a copy of the meeting notes. Good communication goes a long way to avoiding an employment tribunal case.
5. Act Fairly When Using Formal Disciplinary Action
Establish the facts – conducting an investigation is critical. Inform the employee of the results of the investigation – if there is a disciplinary case to answer write to the employee and invite them to a formal hearing.
- to inform them that they have the right to be accompanied;
- to hold a disciplinary meeting;
- listen to the employee's evidence – don't do all the talking yourself.
…..and remember to demonstrate why your actions were justified
6. Take Appropriate Action
Once you have held the disciplinary meeting and considered all the evidence, inform the employee of your decision in writing. Remember to demonstrate why your actions were justified.
7. Provide The Employee With An Opportunity To Appeal
Following the disciplinary meeting you will write to the employee to inform them of your decision. The right to an appeal should be included in your letter. If the employee wishes to appeal against your decision it should be conducted by someone not involved with the initial investigation and disciplinary hearing. Follow the correct procedure and it will prevent an employment tribunal case.
Sometimes, no matter how hard you try, you still end up with the headache of defending an employment tribunal case. If that happens, we are here to help – contact us.


The Feasibility of Shortening the Pretreatment Time for Improvement of the Biogas Production Rate from Rice Straw with Three Chemical Agents
Jing Du, Yu-ting Qian, Yong-lan Xi, Hong-mei Jin, Xiang-ping Kong, Ning Zhu, Xi-wu Lv, Ying-peng Zhang, Xiao-me Ye
Solid-state chemical pretreatment at room temperature was adopted to evaluate the methane production potential of rice straw. Dried rice straw was homogenized with distilled water at a 1:3 ratio and pretreated for 6 h, 24 h, 72 h, 120 h, and 168 h. The effects of the pretreatment time with three chemicals (H2O2, Ca(OH)2, and NH3·H2O) on the methane yield were investigated. The results showed that the anaerobic digestion performance was improved for solid-state chemical pretreatment of room temperature-treated rice straw. The biogas yields from the treatments with H2O2 for 168 h, Ca(OH)2 for 72 h, and NH3·H2O for 120 h were 386.6 mL/g VS, 413.5 mL/g VS, and 390.5 mL/g VS, which were 35.8%, 45.2%, and 37.2% higher than that from the untreated rice straw, respectively. Therefore, it is feasible to shorten the pretreatment time of rice straw for these three chemical solutions.
Room temperature; Solid state; Chemical pretreatment; Straw; Methane production
Full Text:


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Desert Dust Alters Ecology of Colorado Alpine Meadows
News story originally written on June 29, 2009
Accelerated snowmelt--precipitated by desert dust blowing into the mountains--changes how alpine plants respond to seasonal climate cues that regulate their life cycles, according to results of a new study reported this week in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). These results indicate that global warming may have a greater influence on plants' annual growth cycles than previously thought.
Current mountain dust levels are five times greater than they were before the mid-19th century, due in large part to increased human activity in deserts.
"Human use of desert landscapes is linked to the life cycles of mountain plants, and changes the environmental cues that determine when alpine meadows will be in bloom, possibly increasing plants' sensitivity to global warming," said Jay Fein, program director in the National Science Foundation (NSF)'s Division of Atmospheric Sciences, which funded the research in part.
This year, 12 dust storms have painted the mountain snowpack red and advanced the retreat of snow cover, likely by more than a month across Colorado.
"Desert dust is synchronizing plant growth and flowering across the alpine zone," said Heidi Steltzer, a Colorado State University scientist who led the study. "Synchronized growth was unexpected, and may have adverse effects on plants, water quality and wildlife."
"It's striking how different the landscape looks as result of this desert-and-mountain interaction," said Chris Landry, director of the Center for Snow and Avalanche Studies (CSAS) in Silverton, Colo., who, along with Tom Painter, director of the Snow Optics Laboratory at the University of Utah, contributed to the study.
"Visitors to the mountains arriving in late June will see little remaining snow," said Landry, "even though snow cover was extensive and deep in April. The snow that remains will be barely distinguishable from the surrounding soils.
With climate change, warming and drying of the desert southwest are likely to result in even greater dust accumulation in the mountains.
In an alpine basin in the San Juan Mountains, the researchers simulated dust effects on snowmelt in experimental plots. They measured dust's acceleration of snowmelt on the life cycles of alpine plants.
The timing of snowmelt signals to mountain plants that it's time to start growing and flowering. When dust causes early snowmelt, plant growth does not necessarily begin soon after the snow is gone.
Instead, plants delay their life cycle until air temperatures have warmed consistently above freezing.
"Climate warming could therefore have a great effect on the timing of growth and flowering," said Steltzer.
Competition for water and nutrient resources among plants should increase, leading to the loss of less competitive species. Delayed plant growth could increase nutrient losses, decreasing water quality.
Similarity in flowering times and plant growth will result in abundant resources for wildlife for a short time rather than staggered resources over the whole summer, Steltzer believes.
"With increasing dust deposition from drying and warming in the deserts," she said, "the composition of alpine meadows could change as some species increase in abundance, while others are lost, possibly forever."
Text above is courtesy of the National Science Foundation


The Relevance of Knowing the Duration for Filling Your Heater with Water
You may be wondering if it is really important to know the time spent for filling your water heater until the water is hot ready for use. Yes, it is, and it means more than you think.
Every household may come up with different results because there are many determinants that can come into play. Consider, for example, the integrity of your pipes, the size for your storage tank, and the volume of water that flows into your tank per second. These are the factors that determine the time spent for filling your water heater. The time spent on heating the water may all depend on the type of water heater you have. Is it gas-powered, or is it electricity that makes it run?
It would take 10-15 while heating will take around 2-3 hours. It may come as trivial to you, but knowing the time spent for filling your water heater until the water is hot for use is indeed relevant for the following purposes.
Time Management
When you do not know the time when the water is hot ready, and you have an appointment, then you have to bath with water that is not yet on its ideal temperature, or you have to wait until it is hot and be late.
Knowing the length of time for filling your heater with water and how long do you have to wait until it's hot will help you manage your time efficiently. You will know when is the right time to wake up early in the morning and start filling the heater. While doing so, you can do other things while being aware of the time when to put off your water source.
You can do the same while you wait for the water to reach its ideal temperature. There will be no time lost in between.
Water Conservation
You will be conserving water if you know the exact time when your heater will be filled to the brim. This will prevent water from overflowing; otherwise, you have to spend time and energy mapping the floor to dry it from the wasted water.
Energy Conservation
Knowing the time when the water is hot ready will let you know when to put off the source of energy. This is a cost-cutting scheme to lower your power bills. By doing this, you are also making sure that you are not letting your device overwork.
Before undergoing the procedure of recording the time on how much time it will require to fill your heater and the water to get hot, be sure to drain all the water left and observe precautionary measures as usual.…


SAP Knowledge Base Article - Public
_PHONE_ - You Are Not Able to Change the Tax Amount in an Invoice
You are not able to change the Tax Amount in an Invoice.
SAP Business ByDesign
Reproducing the Issue
 1. Go to the Customer Invoicing work center.
 2. Select the Invoice Requests view.
 3. Select the respective Invoice Request and click on the Invoice button.
 4. In the New Invoice navigate to the Pricing tab.
 5. You can see that the Tax Amount cannot be changed.
It is not possible to maintain only a total tax amount for the entire customer invoice.
The total tax amount at the document level of the invoices is calculated aggregately i.e. by adding up individual item level tax amounts (calculated depending upon the tax rate, tax type, and tax rate type) and then rounding off that sum to relevant decimal places (as per that currency).
Tax rates are fixed to the selected tax codes which are then used to calculate the tax. The tax amount cannot be changed manually as it is calculated by the system.
 You can adjust tax codes that are determined in order to receive a different tax rate, depending on country specific requirements. However a manual change of the tax amount within the document is not possible.
This is the expected system behavior.
See Also
Blog: Rules of Tax Difference Distribution in SAP Business ByDesign
Tax Amount; Change; Manually, KBA, SRD-CRM-INV, Customer Invoicing, Problem
SAP Business ByDesign all versions


text:
Objective: To summarize the processes used to develop a curriculum and model of care for the emergency medical treatment of elder patients and to assess the efficacy of the teaching material in a pilot course. Methods: A survey of emergency medicine (EM) residency directors and geriatric fellowship directors was used to identify key topics for inclusion in the didactic material. An interdisciplinary consensus process was used to develop didactic as well as teaching material in geriatric EM. Pretests and posttests were administered to 46 participants in the initial course to assess knowledge gain. Subjective course evaluations were also done. Results: Test scores significantly increased from 54% correct on the pretest to 77% correct on the posttest (p < 0.001). Significant improvement in knowledge as judged by pretest and posttest results occurred in 6 of the 7 teaching modules. Subjective evaluations demonstrated good to excellent ratings for each module as well as the overall workshop. Conclusions: The process of developing a curriculum for geriatric EM is described. The initial training of instructors was effective in improving participants' knowledge of geriatric issues in EM. Participants considered the training to be effective. The effect of the training on the emergency care of elder persons remains to be determined.
|Original language||English (US)|
|Number of pages||4|
|Journal||Academic Emergency Medicine|
|State||Published - Mar 1997|
- emergency medicine
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Emergency Medicine


text:
No, Urbanization Does Not Inevitably Improve a Country's Economy
MORE FROM THE ATLANTIC WIRE:
The standard line of thought is that movement to cities correlates with more wealth, but while that works for developing countries in Asia, it doesn't apply to Africa, as these charts from the World Bank show. Part of the World Bank's World Development Report on jobs, the chart compares the percentage of population living in urban areas with GDP per capita using data from World Development Indicators.
Urbanization usually leads to higher GDP because of higher levels of productivity, the report says, which is illustrated in the graph to the left. All five of the East Asia and Pacific countries in the graph show a steady increase in GDP per capita as people move to cities. But that did not happen for Sub-Saharan Africa; the graph on the right shows a sporadic relationship between urbanization and GDP. Part of the reason may be because much of non-farm work in Africa is from microenterprises and household businesses that do not earn much.
"These businesses make a significant contribution to gross job creation and destruction," the report says, "although not necessarily to net job creation and productivity growth."
This post originally appeared on The Atlantic Wire.


The Christmas Table Next post: The Christmas table
What were your top dictionary lookups of the last three months? Previous Post: What were your top dictionary look-ups of the last three months?
Let them eat cake! Twelve facts about cake
Cake, in one form or another, has been around for centuries. From its humble beginnings as a flattened, hardened bread, the concept of 'cake' has changed significantly to become an essential part of British culinary identity.
Here at Oxford Dictionaries, we love a bit of etymology to go with our cake, and today we share some language facts about our favourite afternoon snack.
Twelve facts about cake:
1. In Roman times, eggs and butter were often added to basic bread to give a consistency that we would recognize as cake-like, and honey was used as a sweetener. The distinction between Roman concepts of cake and bread was therefore very blurred.
3. According to The Diner's Dictionary, the proverb 'you can't have your cake and eat it' first appears as early as the 16th century, however, the proverb 'a piece of cake' was not coined until the 20th century and is possibly related to the cakewalk competition.
4. The word 'cake' comes from Middle English kake, and is probably a borrowing from Old Norse (compare the modern Norwegian kake, as well as Icelandic and Swedish kaka). It is also related to the German word for cake, Kuchen. Interestingly, the French, Spanish, and Italian words for 'cake' do not share a common root; they are gâteau, pastel, and torta respectively. They are, however, related to the English words 'gateau', 'pastry', and 'tart'.
5. The meaning of 'cake' has changed over time, and the first cake (according to the original Oxford English Dictionary definition), was:
'A comparatively small flattened sort of bread, round, oval, or otherwise regularly shaped, and usually baked hard on both sides by being turned during the process.'
6. The Oxford Dictionary of Superstitions cites examples of cakes being made for superstitious reasons. A 'soul cake', in various parts of England, is made on All Souls' Day and kept for good luck, while a 'burial cake' was kept close to the head of a dead person, and one had to have a piece of the cake in one's mouth when looking at the body.
7. The French word for cake – gateau – entered the English language in the 19th century and was often used to refer to a savoury dish that included meat. The OED has citations for 'veal gateau' and 'fish gateau'.
8. The famous saying, 'let them eat cake', was attributed to Marie Antoinette upon learning that her people had no bread, but the saying was probably much older. In his Confessions, Rousseau refers to a similar remark being a well-known saying, and another version 'why don't they eat pastry?' is attributed to Marie Thérèse, who was born more than a century before Marie Antoinette.
9. The original cup-cakes were so called because they were cakes made from ingredients measured by the cupful, and a citation in the OED from 1887 reads, 'Mis'Steele made some cup-cake to-day... She put a cup of butter and two whole cups of sugar in it.'
10. In Scotland, and parts of Wales and northern England, cake took on the specific meaning of 'a thick, hard biscuit made from oatmeal'. From the 17th to 19th centuries, Scotland was humorously known as the 'Land of Cakes' and until comparatively recently, according to The Diner's DictionaryHogmanay was also known as 'Cake Day' from the custom of calling on people's houses at New Year and having cake.
11. The French language has borrowed the word 'cake' to refer to various sorts of rich fruit cake.
12. Birthdays used to be celebrated quite differently, as the first birthday cake was originally a cake given as an offering on a person's birthday. The first citation of 'birthday cake' in the OED, from 1785, reads 'His birth-day cakes crowd on him in such store, The house abounds.'


text:
- n. Plural form of shanty.
"Giant eyes stare from the roofs of tin shanties in Brazil."
"From there you are constantly being whipped forced to live in shanties and pick crops for no pay and no freedom."
"A third of residents live in shanties without sanitation and water."
"The university is gaining widespread recognition for the quality of that education, but thrifty education shoppers have known this since before the days of the GI bill, when veterans lived in shanties where Cassell Coliseum now stands."
"The hide and seek games, the desires to convert a blanket into a tent, the instinct for "shanties" -- which all boys universally manifest -- we are told that these forms of play are but the echo of remote ages when our ancestors sojourned in caves, lived in tents, or dwelt in the mountain fastness."
"The lumbering operations constituted the staple commerce, and the shanties were the winter homes of the greater number of the people."
"Victoria would be called shanties -- huts built of wood and canvas -- some of the larger of them being labelled "Saloon," "Eating-house,"
"One of the shanties was the future hotel of the place, at present, however, affording accommodation to neither man nor beast."
"Lorillard imported Italian and Slovak immigrants to build Tuxedo Park, and he rather thoughtlessly, but true to the period, named the shanties in which they lived "Fifth Avenue," "Broadway," and "Wall Street;" the workers mess hall was "Delmonico's.""
"There was bustle and movement everywhere, shrieking steam-whistles, quay porters with cases on their shoulders, lively "shanties" coming from the prams."
Looking for tweets for shanties.


text:
Of Roman Gods and Financial Reform
Janus and the Dodd-Frank Act: Looking back, looking forward
In Roman mythology, Janus is the god with two faces. One face looks backward, the other into the future, a duality that neatly serves our consideration of the range of views expressed about the Dodd-Frank Act (the Act) passed one year ago. The enormous and far-reaching act has been loved and loathed from the moment it was conceived to today. Its place in history is a matter of opinion; its impact a matter of intense debate.
In this paper we use the Janus principle – we look back over the last year and forward into the future from three very different perspectives:
- The banks and financial institutions, which are subject to the Act
- The regulators, who must implement it
- The consumers of financial services, who face big changes in the future
To put it mildly, it is a very complicated story with multiple and overlapping narratives. As we try to show in this paper, opinions vary across a wide range. We have tried to reflect that range by dividing the discussion into something like a Socratic debate – at each point, we hear from those voices representing different opinions as they set out their positions.
Read more in the PDF attachment.


text:
Modern medicine has an increasing demand for real-time detection of chronic disease biomarkers such as cancer, diabetes, and heart disease. In the United States alone, about 1,660,290 cancer cases are expected to be diagnosed in 2013. Early detection improves survival rates and helps reduce treatment costs. The estimated economic impact for the next 10 years due to diseases combine to an estimated $4.2 trillion in 2023. With better prevention, detection, and treatment of chronic diseases, the estimated avoided cost in 2023 would be $1.1 trillion. Current detection methods accrue high costs because of equipment and lab procedures necessary for readings. Few medical facilities in remote or underdeveloped areas are capable of running required equipment for these lifesaving tests. This limits the service to developed areas. Affordable alternatives lack sensitivity and are limited in range and real-time detection. The desire for an effective point-of-care system is ever growing. As disease diagnostics become readily available, the possibility of early disease detection will increase and eventually improve chances of remission and prevention.
Photonic Biosensor aims to design and test a point-of-care biosensor that meets the requirements set by previous research on a photonic biosensor at LeTourneau University: label-free, low cost, highly sensitive, highly selective, and easy to integrate with a sample handling system.
 American Cancer Society. Web. 1 Oct. 2013.
 An Unhealthy America: The Economic Burden of Chronic Disease Charting a New Course to Save Lives and Increase Productivity and Economic Growth. Tech. Milken Institute, 2007.


text:
Prof. Bob Behringer and his graduate student Abe Clark, along with Prof. Lou Kondic of NJIT, recently had a paper accepted in PRL titled "Particle scale dynamics in granular impact." The image at left is a typical image from one of their experiments, where the bright particles are experiencing force.
They are exploring the questions of: How does granular material respond to a high-speed impact by a foreign object, such as a meteor striking a planetary surface? How do the grains collectively push back against the intruder, bringing it to a stop?
They answer these questions with novel impact experiments on granular materials made from a photoelastic substance. This approach has the special property of allowing them to see how individual grains bear forces, and where the energy of the object goes. High-speed videos reveal rich acoustic activity: as the intruder moves, lightning bolts of force emerge, traveling along networks of grains. These intermittent acoustic pulses along granular 'chains' are responsible for decelerating the intruder and carrying away energy. This study is particularly novel because it captures the granular behavior in a way that has not been done previously. It offers a new perspective for a process of considerable importance in natural phenomena and in industry, which has frequently been studied in the past, but without access to what the grains are doing.


From what I understand almost all hash power on the network is used to secure the blockchain, but the processing power of the EVM remains constant even as the hash power of the network increases, and this is by design.
Why is this the case? Wouldn't it benefit everyone if the EVM could scale its power up as more powerful nodes enter the network?
To be clear I fully understand that the blockchain would grow a lot faster if these limits were not in place. Is that the only reason for those limits though?
Are there any plans for this to happen say, after Serenity and the introduction of Casper and PoS? It would seem to make sense to do that at that point since less processing power would be required to secure the blockchain, and nodes with lots of power could contribute that instead towards executing contracts. Is that a part of the plan?
The "processing power" of the EVM is unrelated to mining hashrate. Power is not an accurate phrase for the EVM, because what limits computation on the EVM is cost: gas used multiplied by gas price. The Ethereum protocol does not provide limits on what the gas price and block gas limit can trend to. Heavy computations are possible on the EVM, but they consume plenty of gas, and leads to inexorbitant costs.
Lower gas prices and block gas limits that trend higher, are what allow for more computation to be performed on the EVM. The trend for both is relatively flat, because every full node has to perform every computation currently. As an open platform, where the reliability of the network depends on the number of nodes, it is desirable where anyone can set up a node and participate. Too many computations on the EVM would translate to long delays before a node is synchronized with the blockchain, higher CPU costs, and likely higher storage costs -- these would all decrease the number of full nodes participating.
As scalability improvements (such as sharding) and solutions are implemented and refined, it will help the situation where more computation can be performed on the EVM in aggregate, without significant burdens on nodes and compromising security. Block gas limits and gas prices may trend to allow contracts to perform more computations at lower costs. Improving scalability is an integral part of not just a plan, but ongoing Serenity work, as is Proof-of-Stake with Casper.
EDIT: "Processing power" of EVM increases with the imminent release of Homestead:
Block gas limit increased from _PHONE_ to _PHONE_ (~50% increase)
Default gas price reduced from 50 shannon to 20 shannon (~60% reduction)
Your Answer


OW2 Programming Contest 2009
OW2 and Scilab are organizing a joint open source programming contest in 2009.
The Contest ceremony will be held in will be held in September 18-20, 2009, in Tianjiabing Building multifunctional conference centre of Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, city of forest, the capital of Guizhou province, located amid the inland southeastern area, China Excellent City of Tourism.
Competition Purposes
The competition is sponsored for Chinese students and technicians to improve the ability to study and manage OW2 middleware, and it can also provide an opportunity and a stage to express your own talent in computer programming. What's more, it is a competition that exhibits the demeanor of college students in science and technology and enhance the intercommunication and cooperation of own college student with one another. The competition advocates the time spirit of "freedom, share and creation". This competition campaign is conducted by the technicians from France and China, and the main target of the competition is to improve the communication and cooperation between two countries.
Rules of Contest
Academic staff and students of university and research institute, engineers of industrial and business organizations, and all other professionals.
Participants should select a topic among the list of topics provided for the OW2 contest (under construction). Once they have selected a topic, they should go to the Registration page? for registration instructions.
Technical requirements
 1. Participants can select a topic in the list provided on the OW2 Contest webpage.
 3. The software will be developed using the Trustie collaborative infrastructure. It should include appropriate documentation for installing and running the software, as well as examples and tests. The language for code comments and documentation should be English.
Award Selection
The Award Selection process includes three stages:
 1. Shortlist of entries by an Expert Team.
 2. Peer-evaluation on the Internet, and.
 3. Final selection by French and Chinese Scientists.
In the first stage, 16 works will be shortlisted from all the received submissions. Peer-evaluation on the Internet will be made by all contestants. Finally, the French and Chinese Scientist Team will decide on the awards to be given, taking into consideration the results of the first and second stages.
 1. First prize: a maximum of one students and one academic advisor will be invited to visit the OW2 team for one week
 2. Second prize: up to FIVE awards will be given. (Each Award: Internship t.b.c.).
 3. Third prize: up to TEN awards will be given. (Each Award: RMB 500).
Programme committee
Florent BENOIT France
Zhou BIN China
Jacques CAYUELA France
Pascal DECHAMBOUX France
Didier DONSEZ France
Pierre DUBOIS France
Fran�ois EXERTIER France
Pierre-Yves GIBELLO France
Andrea GIOIA Italy
Jun HAN China
Jeremi JOSLIN France
Michael KLEINHENZ Germany
Laurent LAUDINET France
Goulven LE JEUNE France
Alexandre LEFEBVRE France
Ge LI China
Zhi LI China
Adrien LOUIS France
Antonio MAJORI Italy
Rafael MARINS Brazil
Antoine MENSCH France
Philippe MERLE France
Christophe NEY France
Stephane RIBAS France
Guillaume SAUTHIER France
Stefano SCAMUZZO Italy
Lionel SEINTURIER France
Dianxi SHI China
Jingyu SONG China
Jean-Bernard STEFANI France
Cedric THOMAS France
Petr TUMA Czech Rep.
Miguel VALDEZ FAURA France
Julien VIET France
Jun WEI China
Gang YIN China
Junfeng ZHAOChina
MingHui ZHOUChina
Yan ZHU China
 - Deadline of registration : May. 1, 2009
 - Deadline of workshop submission : coming soon
 - Deadline of work submission : Aug. 25, 2009
Created by Alexandre Lefebvre on 2009/03/04 18:03