PICO-8 has 64 KiB of addressable memory, used for graphics, map, sound, music, and direct access to hardware features such as persistent cartridge data and GPIO pins. Normally only the lower 32 KiB are accessible, while the upper 32 KiB are protected ROM, though it is possible to switch the upper 32 KiB to RAM. Programs can read from and write to this data using peek() and poke().
While many games can use the built-in functions for graphics and sound, memory access enables advanced techniques such as repurposing memory regions or generating graphics and sound data algorithmically. For features such as the GPIO pins, peek() and poke() are currently the only way to access the feature.
The first 16 kilobytes are copied from the cartridge into memory when the cartridge is loaded. When the cartridge changes a value in memory, it is only changed in memory and not in the cartridge itself.
The cstore() function can be used to write memory data to the cartridge file. The reload() function can also be used to load cartridge data back into memory, or load a region of memory from another cartridge file.
The Lua program stack (variables, etc.) is not stored in addressable memory and cannot be accessed directly by the program.
See also P8FileFormat, P8PNGFileFormat.
Memory map[edit | edit source]
This is the high-level memory map for addressable memory:
Start End Purpose
0x0 0x0fff Sprite sheet (0-127)
0x1000 0x1fff Sprite sheet (128-255) / Map (rows 32-63) (shared)
0x2000 0x2fff Map (rows 0-31)
0x3000 0x30ff Sprite flags
0x3100 0x31ff Music
0x3200 0x42ff Sound effects
0x4300 0x55ff General use (or work RAM)
0x5600 0x5dff General use / custom font (0.2.2+)
0x5e00 0x5eff Persistent cart data (64 numbers = 256 bytes)
0x5f00 0x5f3f Draw state
0x5f40 0x5f7f Hardware state
0x5f80 0x5fff GPIO pins (128 bytes)
0x6000 0x7fff Screen data (8k)
The in-memory data formats for each section are described below.
Sprite sheet[edit | edit source]
The sprite sheet is represented in memory as one large image, 128 x 128 pixels. Each sprite tile is an 8 x 8 region in this image. Each sprite tile gets an ID, counting from 0, left to right, top to bottom.
Each pixel can be one of 16 colors, and is represented by 4 bits. An 8-bit byte represents two pixels, horizontally adjacent, where the most significant (leftmost) 4 bits is the right pixel of the pair, and the least significant 4 bits is the left pixel. Pixels are stored from left to right, top to bottom.
Other than this swapping within the byte, pixels are arranged in memory going left to right, top to bottom, for the entire 128 x 128 pixel image (using 128 * 64 = 8,192 bytes).
The bottom half of the sprite sheet and the bottom half of the map region overlap in memory. Typically, a game uses this region for only one purpose or the other.
0x0000..0x0fff / 0..4095
The upper 64 rows of pixels (that is, upper 8 rows of sprites) in the sprite sheet. Each 64-byte row contains 128 pixels. Each byte contains two adjacent pixels, with the lo 4 bits being the left/even pixel and the hi 4 bits being the right/odd pixel.
0x1000..0x1fff / 4096..8191
The lower 64 rows of pixels (that is, lower 8 rows of sprites) in the sprite sheet. Same format as above. Overlaps lower half of Map (see below).
If sp is the sprite number, then the memory address at which a sprite's data starts is given by the expression:
addr = 512 * (sp \ 16) + 4 * (sp % 16)
Explanation: think of the sprite sheet as a grid of 16x16 sprites. Then the high 4 bits of the sprite number (sp \ 16) indicates the row number (0-15), and the low 4 bits of the sprite number (sp % 16) indicates the column number (0-15). Every row of this grid is made up of 16 sprites, so each row occupes 16 sprites * 32 bytes/sprite = 512 bytes. This explains the 512 * (sp \ 16) part. After that, we have to locate it within the row. The column is sp % 16, and we have to walk forward 4 bytes for each sprite (8 pixels), so we have to move forward sp % 16 bytes.
The entire sprite is NOT stored at that position though, because the sprite sheet is a single image, you will only find, at that address, the 4 bytes (8 pixels) that correspond to the top row of the sprite. If you want the next row, you have to increment addr by 64 (that jumps over an entire row of 128 pixels = 64 bytes). In graphics parlance, the stride (amount you add to get from one row to the next in the image) is 64 bytes.
Map[edit | edit source]
The map is 128 tiles wide by 64 tiles high. Each tile is one of the 256 tiles from the sprite sheet, one byte per tile (using 128 * 64 = 8,192 bytes). The value is the sprite ID.
The map is read from left to right, top to bottom order.
0x1000..0x1fff / 4096..8191
The lower 32 rows of the map. Each row contains 128 tiles. Each byte contains one tile index. Overlaps lower half of Sprite Sheet (see above).
0x2000..0x2fff / 8192..12287
The upper 32 rows of the map. Each row contains 128 tiles. Each byte contains one tile index.
Sprite flags[edit | edit source]
Each sprite tile has 8 flags, each of which can be on or off. One byte stores the flags for a sprite tile. Bytes are arranged by sprite ID, for a total of 256 bytes.
In the graphics editor, the flags are arranged left to right from LSB to MSB: red=1, orange=2, yellow=4, green=8, blue=16, purple=32, pink=64, peach=128.
0x3000..0x30ff / 12288..12543
Each byte represents the flags for the associated sprite.
Music[edit | edit source]
There are 64 music patterns. Each music pattern uses four bytes to assign a sound effect or silence to each of four channels. (4 * 64 = 256 bytes.)
If a sound effect is assigned to a channel, bit 6 is 0, and bits 5-0 are the sound ID (0 through 63). If the channel is silent, bit 6 is 1, and bits 5-0 are not used.
Bit 7 is used to describe the flags for the music pattern. Bit 7 of the first byte (channel 1) is "begin pattern loop." Bit 7 of the second byte (channel 2) is "end pattern loop." Bit 7 of the third byte (channel 3) is "stop at end of pattern." (Bit 7 of the fourth byte is unused.)
Sound effects[edit | edit source]
There are 64 sound effects. Each sound effect is 68 bytes, with two bytes for each of 32 notes and then one byte for the editor mode and filter switches, one byte for the speed, two bytes for the loop range (start, end). (64 * 68 = 4,352 bytes.)
The editor mode and filter switches are decoded as follows:
byte=_USER_ -- sfx 0 (0x3200+0*68+64)
The effect speed is a value between 0 and 255, representing the duration of each note in the effect, as a multiple of 183 ticks (with 22050 ticks in a second), aproximately 1/120 of a second. Using the full effect length of 32 notes, with a speed of 1, the full effect plays aproximately 1/4 second (0.26557823129 seconds, or 32 * 183 / 22050). With a speed of 4, the full effect plays in 1.062 seconds.
In an effect used for a music pattern, beats per minute can be calculated based on how many notes per "beat." For example, if an effect plays a "beat" every four notes in an effect, a speed of 15 is equivalent to 15/120 seconds per note, 15*4/120 seconds per four notes (one beat), (15*4)/(120*60) minutes per beat, or (120*60)/(15*4) = 120 beats per minute. (Note that we take 120 as an aproximation of


text:
Selections of Literary Chinese Prose
A collection of historic texts from well known writers
This page list a selection of historic literary Chinese texts. Follow the link under each entry title to a page that collects together similar texts. Each text includes notes about the source and vocabulary. You can click on each Chinese word for the English definition and other information about the word.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Plants are essential to everyone's lives.
'Plants capture energy from the sun and all life on land, directly or indirectly, depends on them. So, ultimately, plants fuel the diversity of life on earth'
Sir David Attenborough
Plantlife seeks to conserve wild plants and fungi using a range of approaches. We work to conserve key habitats and we have designated Important Plant Areas to draw attention to those parts of the country that sustain important collections of plants. We also devise and carry out projects aimed at recovering declining populations of key species and demonstrating how they can be effectively conserved in the future.
We also promote wild plants and fungi in culture, for instance through County Flowers and the Grow Wild campaign.
Discover more about our floral heritage and what we're doing to protect it by exploring the links below:


text:
DISC Working with School Districts to Embed Cultural Proficiency
"Education is the civil rights issue of our generation, the only sure path out of poverty and the only way to achieve a more equal and just society," said Secretary of Education Arne Duncan. President Obama stresses the importance of creating a more inclusive and diverse school system. These sentiments are echoed locally by a program for area educators.
The Developing Inclusive Schools Consortium (DISC) is a joint project of Developing Inclusive Schools Communities and Organizations (DISCO) and the Xavier Center for Excellence in Education (XCEED). DISC facilitates a five-day institute on creating and sustaining culturally proficient school districts. The current session is being attended by work teams (superintendents, other district administrators, principals, teachers, and parents) from Edgewood, Forest Hills, Lakota, Mt. Healthy, Newport, Northwest, Norwood, Princeton, Talawanda and West Carrolton school districts. Attendees are eligible for academic credit through Xavier University.
The last session of this year on April 16 at the Cintas Center, the district teams will continue to meet and learn from the DISCO team and from one another as they put their action plans into effect within their district. The focus in April will be on students who are economically disadvantaged.
The first days, held in August, featured nationally-recognized leaders, who provided an intensive introduction to cultural proficiency. October provided opportunities to share issues and best practices within and among districts. Attendees learned about the many messages and issues which concern students and educators today as related to issues of cultural diversity. A highlight of the day was the "Privilege Walk." (See photo) It underscored the many differing circumstances from which students come to school and provided examples of how personal and societal obstacles can be overcome if students from all backgrounds are viewed as persons with potential. At the January session, participants learned about elements of diversity (e.g., race, ability level) from the DISCO staff.
The ten participating districts contract with DISCO year-to-year, but understand that the process of developing and embedding cultural proficiency in day-to-day practice is a long term commitment. By joining DISC, participating school districts seek to close the academic achievement gap by helping their schools create an inclusive climate, responsive to the challenges of increasing diversity.
"The most productive way to face these diversity challenges is to come together as a consortium to pool costs, learn from each other, and jointly participate in high quality training," said Dr. Arthur Shriberg, co-director of DISC. "Membership in DISC provides opportunities to administrators, teachers and support staff to do just that."

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Argon is a chemical element designated by the symbol Ar. Argon has atomic number 18 and is the third element in group 18 of the periodic table (noble gases). Argon is present in the Earth's atmosphere at 0.94%. Argon's full outer electron shell makes it stable and resistant to molecular bonding with other elements. Its triple point temperature of 83.8058 K is a defining fixed point in the International Temperature Scale of 1990.
Previous Element: Chlorine
Next Element: Potassium
|Phase at Room Temp.||gas|
|Melting Point (K)||84|
|Boiling Point (K)||87.3|
|Heat of Fusion (kJ/mol)||1.2|
|Heat of Vaporization (kJ/mol)||6.5|
|Heat of Atomization (kJ/mol)||0|
|Thermal Conductivity (J/m sec K)||0.02|
|Electrical Conductivity (1/mohm cm)||0|
|Number of Isotopes||3|
|Electron Affinity (kJ/mol)||---|
|First Ionization Energy (kJ/mol)||1520.5|
|Second Ionization Energy (kJ/mol)||2665.8|
|Third Ionization Energy (kJ/mol)||3930.8|
|Atomic Volume (cm3/mol)||28.5|
|Ionic Radius2- (pm)||---|
|Ionic Radius1- (pm)||---|
|Atomic Radius (pm)||98|
|Ionic Radius1+ (pm)||---|
|Ionic Radius2+ (pm)||---|
|Ionic Radius3+ (pm)||---|
|Common Oxidation Numbers||---|
|Other Oxid. Numbers||---|
|In Earth's Crust (mg/kg)||3.5|
|In Earth's Ocean (mg/L)||4.5×10-1|
|In Human Body (%)||0%|
|Regulatory / Health|
|OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit||No limits|
|OSHA PEL Vacated 1989||No limits|
|NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limit||No limits|
Mineral Information Institute
Jefferson Accelerator Laboratory
Argon is colorless, odorless, tasteless and nontoxic in both its liquid and gaseous forms. Argon is inert under most conditions and forms no confirmed stable compounds at room temperature. Although argon is a noble gas, it has been found to have the capability of forming some compounds. For example, the creation of the molecule argon fluorohydride (HArF), a metastable compound of argon with fluorine and hydrogen, was reported by researchers at the University of Helsinki in 2000. Argon-containing ions and excited state complexes, such as ArH+ and ArF, respectively, are known to exist. Theoretical calculations have shown several argon compounds that should be stable but for which no synthesis routes are currently known.
Argon (Greek meaning "idle" or "lazy" in reference to its chemical inactivity) was suspected to be present in air by Henry Cavendish in 1785 but was not discovered until 1894 by Lord Rayleigh and Sir William Ramsay in Scotland in an experiment in which they removed all of the oxygen and nitrogen from a sample of air. They had determined that nitrogen produced from chemical compounds was one-half percent lighter than nitrogen from the atmosphere. The difference seemed insignificant, but it was important enough to attract their attention for many months. They concluded that there was another gas in the air mixed in with the nitrogen. Argon was also encountered in 1882 through independent research of H.F. Newall and W.N. Hartley. Each observed new lines in the color spectrum of air but were unable to identify the element responsible for the lines. Argon became the first member of the noble gases to be discovered. The symbol for argon is now Ar, but up until 1957 it was A.
Argon constitutes 0.934% by volume and 1.29% by mass of the Earth's atmosphere, and air is the primary raw material used by industry to produce purified argon products. Argon is isolated from air by fractionation, most commonly by cryogenic fractional distillation.The Martian atmosphere in contrast contains approximately 2% argon by volume. In 2005, the Huygens probe also discovered the presence of argon-40 on Titan, the largest moon of Saturn.
The main isotopes of argon found on Earth are 40Ar (99.6%), 36Ar (0.34%), and 38Ar (0.06%). Naturally occurring 40K with a half-life of 1.25×109 years, decays to stable 40Ar (11.2%) by electron capture and positron emission, and also to stable 40Ca (88.8%) via beta decay. These properties and ratios are used to determine the age of rocks. In the Earth's atmosphere, 39Ar is made by cosmic ray activity, primarily with 40Ar. In the subsurface environment, it is also produced through neutron capture by 39K or alpha emission by calcium. 37Ar is created from the decay of 40Ca as a result of subsurface nuclear explosions. It has a half-life of 35 days.
Argon's complete octet of electrons indicates full s and p subshells. This full outer energy level makes argon very stable and extremely resistant to bonding with other elements. Before 1962, argon and the other noble gases were considered to be chemically inert and unable to form compounds; however, compounds of the heavier noble gases have since been synthesized.
Argon is produced industrially by the partial distillation of liquid air, a process that separates liquid nitrogen, which boils at 77.4 K, from argon, which boils at 87.3 K and oxygen, which boils at 90.2 K.
There are several different reasons why argon is used in particular applications:
An inert gas is needed. In particular, argon is the cheapest alternative when diatomic nitrogen is not sufficiently inert.
- Low thermal conductivity is required.
- The electronic properties (ionization and/or the emission spectrum) are necessary.
Other noble gases would probably work as well in most of these applications, but argon is by far the cheapest. Argon is inexpensive since it is a byproduct of the production of liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen, both of which are used on a large industrial scale. The other noble gases (except helium) are produced this way as well, but argon is the most plentiful since it has the highest concentration in the atmosphere. The bulk of argon applications arise simply because it is inert and relatively cheap.
The numerous industrial uses of argon include:
- As a fill gas in incandescent lighting, because argon will not react with the filament of light bulbs even at high temperatures.
- As an inert gas shield in many forms of welding, including metal inert gas welding and tungsten inert gas welding. For metal inert gas welding argon is often mixed with CO2.
- Cylinders containing argon gas for use in extinguishing fire without damaging server equipment.
- As the gas of choice for the plasma used in ICP spectroscopy.
- As the gas of choice (in ionised form) for sputter coating of specimens for Scanning Electron Microscopy.
- As a protective atmosphere for growing silicon and germanium crystals, and in partial pressure heat treat furnaces.
- By museum conservators to protect old materials or documents, which are prone to gradual oxidation in the presence of air.
- To keep open bottles of wine from oxidizing, and in a number of dispensing units and keeper cap systems.
- To preserve leftover finishes like varnish, polyurethane, paint, and other chemicals during storage. Commercially available in an aerosol can for this purpose (US Patent _PHONE_).
- In winemaking to top off barrels, displacing oxygen and thus preventing the wine from turning to vinegar during the aging process.
- As an atmosphere in graphite electric furnaces, to keep graphite from oxidizing.
- An unusual application is as an asphyxiant in the poultry industry, either for mass culling following disease outbreaks, or as a means of slaughter more humane than the electric bath. Argon's relatively high density causes it to remain close to the ground during gassing. Its non-reactive nature makes it suitable in a food product, and since it replaces oxygen at a cellular level in the dead bird, argon also enhances shelf life.
- It is used for thermal insulation in energy efficient windows.
- Argon is also used in technical scuba diving to inflate a dry suit, because it is inert and has low thermal conductivity.
- Argon is also valuable for the specific way it ionizes and emits light. It is used in plasma globes and calorimetry in experimental particle physics. Blue argon lasers are used in surgery to weld arteries, destroy tumors, and to correct eye defects. In microelectronics, argon ions has applications for sputtering.
- Argon-39, with a half-life of 269 years, has been used for a number of applications, primarily ice core and ground water dating.
Medical uses of argon include:
- In the pharmaceutical industry to top off bottles of intravenous drug preparations (for example intravenous paracetamol), again displacing oxygen and therefore prolonging the drug's shelf-life.
- Cryosurgery procedures such as cryoablation use liquefied argon to destroy cancer cells. In surgery it is used in a procedure called "argon enhanced coagulation" which is a form of argon plasma beam electrosurgery. The procedure


text:
If you could have only one gardening book (perish the thought!), hands down it would be Hugh Johnson's classic Principles Of Gardening. In it, among many tantalizing subjects, are brief discussions of where our garden plants came from and who went out and got them. If you, too, felt hungry for more hard data on that aspect of the plant world, then The Global Migrations of Ornamental Plants is the book you have been waiting for.
Author of several books on the history of plants and gardens, Taylor has completed an exhaustive body of research in compiling this effort for the rest of us. Fully one-fourth of the book is given over to useful lists of what we have acquired from beyond our political borders; who introduced them and when; an eye-opening look at our most planted species; and statistics on which parts of the world contributed the most plants to our gardens (in descending order, China —no surprise!—Europe, North America, Africa, South America, Mexico, Australia, and New Zealand).
If you, too, are a geography and history geek, you will find this an extremely informative and useful reference to add to your library.
Ted Kipping, arborist
San Francisco, California


text:
Q: For a long time, my neighbor has used a trail across my backyard, even though I repeatedly told him he was trespassing. He recently told me that he would continue to use the trail and there was nothing I could do about it. Is he right, and what can I do to prevent his use of the trail?
A: There are many types of real property concepts that have continued since the middle ages, but a prescriptive easement is one of the more egregious types because it enables a person who is not an owner and who has repeatedly trespassed despite objections, to have the right to use the land together with the rightful owner. Once established, the prescriptive easement lasts forever, and must be disclosed as a cloud on the title to the property that can reduce the value of the property. Therefore, an owner must be vigilant when another person is repeatedly using the land. Read more Hostile Use of Land Can Create a Prescriptive Easement and Loss of Exclusive Use


Cross Exchange Rate Calculator
Enter the exchange rate or currency A to C and the exchange rate from B to C into the cross exchange rate calculator. The calculator will return the Cross Rate from A to B.
Cross Exchange Rate Formula
The following formula is used to calculate the cross exchange rate of 3 different currencies, A,B, and C.
A:B = A:C/B:C
 - Where A, B, and C are different currency rates.
When analyzing currency exchanges it's important to point out that the ratio of exchange rates is constantly changing from day to day. This formula can also be used to calculate cross exchange rates of things that are not currencies.
Cross Exchange Rate Definition
A cross exchange rate is the ratio of exchange rates between two or more currencies on the open market.
How to calculate cross exchange rate?
How to calculate a cross exchange rate
 1. Determine the ratio between currency A and C.
 Using your tool of choice, look up the exchange rate between currency A and C. This will be your A:C ratio
 2. Next, determine the ratio between currency B and C
 This will be your B:C ratio. You can use the same tool or database as used in step 1.
 3. Finally, calculate A:B
 Using the formula above and the ratios from steps 1 and 2, you can now calculate the A:B cross exchange rate.
What is a cross exchange rate?
A cross exchange rate is a term typically used in economics to describe the comparison of two currencies through the use of a third common currency. For example, if you know the rates between A and C and B and C, then you can estimate the rates between A and C assuming the same rules apply to exchanges.
How can i use a cross exchange rate?
Cross exchange rates can be used to calculate fair market values for exchanging of any goods or services, not just currencies. For example, if you want a chicken, and it costs 1 blanket, but you don't have a blanket, then you need to exchange something else, say a rock. If you know that rock is also worth one blanket, then you can exchange the rock for that chicken.
Cross Exchange Rate Calculator
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stamp duty
Everything you need to know about stamp duty
Wasike wants to purchase some property from his old cousin, Onyango. Their mothers are sisters, he says and that since Onyango is undergoing some financial constraints, it is important that if he is going to sell to relieve his constraints, then his property must stay within the family.
However, purchase of property comes in with other expenses: legal fees, stamp duty, and such other fees.
Wasike's biggest issue is that he does not want to pay stamp duty because he is really buying from his cousin, who is family. Yes, they are not close, but they are "really family", Wasike constantly says. In his opinion, it is unfair for the government to tax transactions between family members.
Taxes and death, Benjamin Franklin said, are the only certain things in this world. This shows you how difficult it is to evade a tax, or even to be exempted from paying a particular tax. It must indeed be under very special circumstances.
What is tax?
Tax is compulsory contribution to state revenue. Tax is levied/imposed by the government, and payment of tax is a civic duty.
What are the types of taxes?
There are two types of taxes: direct and indirect taxes. Direct taxes are those that a tax payer pays directly to the government, such as stamp duty. Indirect taxes are taxes which the tax payer remits to the government indirectly, such as value added tax.
All about stamp duty
Stamp duty is a tax levied on executed instruments. In simple terms, it is tax levied on documents. Stamp duty is usually paid in the country where one seeks to enforce the said document.
The law regarding stamp duty in Kenya is detailed in the Stamp Duty Act Cap 80, Laws of Kenya.
The documents for which stamp duty should be paid, the amount which should be paid, and who should pay the named amount, are mentioned under the schedule to the Act. For example, under the schedule, it is stated that stamp duty of 250 shillings on a bill of exchange payable on demand or at sight or on presentation or within three days after date or sight shall be paid by all persons executing the bill. Also, among many examples, stamp duty of 200 shillings on a document appointing a new trustee must be paid by the appointer.
The rate of stamp duty payable on the transfer of land is either 4% or 2% of the value of the property for properties in town/city/municipality or out of town/city/municipality, respectively. The government relies on the full disclosure of the parties to the transfer to disclose the value of the property, but the same is assessed and determined by the government valuer, before a definite amount of how much stamp duty to be paid is ascertained.
For example, when I purchase a house from Agrace, we shall both execute a transfer form and declare that I have paid and Agrace has received 100 million shillings for the house. To pay stamp duty, the amount is prescribed by the government valuer through a valuation process. He values the property subject to the current market value of the property in the area where it is located. If the market value of the property is 120 million, and the property is located in Upper Hill, Nairobi, stamp duty will be 4% of 120 million, which is 4,800,000shillings. The stamp duty would be lesser if the property is valued at 120 million and is located in Butere, Mumias (an out of town location). Stamp duty payable would be 2,400,000 shillings.
Exemption from stamp duty
There are instances where stamp duty may not be paid. This is however subject to the law, and to confirmation by the collector of stamp duty. Those instances are:
 1. Transfers between associated companies
any instrument for which it is shown to the satisfaction of the collector that the effect thereof is to convey or transfer a beneficial interest in property from one company with limited liability (the transferor) to another such company (the transferee); and that either one of such companies is a beneficial owner of not less than ninety per centum of the issued share capital of the other company; or not less than ninety per centum of the issued share capital of each of the companies is in the beneficial ownership of a third company with limited liability; and that the instrument was not executed in pursuance of or in connection with an arrangement where under the consideration for the conveyance or transfer was to be provided directly or indirectly by a person other than a company which at the time of the execution of the instrument was associated with either the transferor or the transferee; or the beneficial interest in the property was previously conveyed or transferred directly or indirectly by such a person.
 1. Transfers relating to real estate investment trust
This exemption only applies real estate investments trusts authorized under the Capital Markets Act (Cap 485 A. It must be shown to the collector that:
 1. the effect thereof is to convey or transfer a beneficial interest in property from one trustee to another trustee or to an additional trustee;
 2. The effect thereof is to convey or transfer a beneficial interest in property from a person or persons for the transfer of units in the real estate investment trust.
 3. Exemption of building societies' documents
No rules of a building society registered under the Building Societies Act (Cap. 489) nor any copy thereof nor any receipt, nor any entry in any book of receipt for money deposited in the funds of a building society, or for any money received by any member, or his executors, administrators, assigns or attorneys, from the funds of a building society, nor any transfer of any share, nor any bond or other security to be given to or on account of a building society, or by any officer thereof, nor any order on any officer for payment of money to any member, nor any appointment of any agent, nor any certificate or other instrument for the revocation of any such appointment, nor any other instrument or document whatever required or authorized to be given, issued, signed, made or produced in pursuance of the Building Societies Act (Cap. 489), or of the rules of a building society, shall be subject or liable to or charged with any stamp duty or duties whatsoever: Provided that this exemption shall not extend to a mortgage, nor to the release or discharge of a mortgage.
 1. A conveyance or transfer, or an agreement for a conveyance or transfer, operating as a voluntary disposition of property shall not be chargeable with any duty, if the conveyance or transfer is in favour of any body of persons incorporated by special Act and that body is by its Act precluded from dividing any profit amongst its members and the property conveyed is to be held for the purposes of an open space or for the purposes of its preservation for the benefit of Kenya; or anybody of persons established for charitable purposes only or the trustees of a trust so established
 1. Transfer between spouses
Other transactions exempted from stamp duty are:
 1. an instrument executed by or on behalf of or in favour of the Government in any case in which, but for this exemption, the Government would be liable to pay the duty;
 2. a bill of exchange, cheque or promissory note drawn or made in Uganda or in Tanzania and accepted and paid or presented for acceptance or payment, or endorsed, transferred or otherwise negotiated, in Kenya, if the bill of exchange, cheque or promissory note has previously been duly stamped in Uganda or Tanzania;
 3. a power, warrant or letter of attorney granted or to be granted by the Managing Director of the Kenya Posts and Telecommunications Corporation, and a power, warrant or letter of attorney given by any depositor in the post office savings bank established under the provisions of the Kenya Post Office Savings Bank Act (Cap. 493B) to any other person, authorizing him to make a deposit of a sum of money in the savings bank on behalf of the depositor or to sign any document or instrument required by the rules of the savings bank to be signed on making the deposit or to receive back any sum of money deposited in the savings bank, or the interest arising therefrom; a receipt or an entry in a book of receipts for money deposited in the savings bank, or for any money received by a depositor or his executors or administrators, assigns, attorneys or agents, from the funds thereof; and a draft or order, or an appointment of an agent, or any certificate or other instrument or document whatsoever, required or authorized to be given, issued, signed, made or produced in pursuance of that Act or of any rules made thereunder;
 4. a transfer of shares in the stock or funds of the Government, the Organization, the Authority, the Government of Uganda or the Government of Tanzania;
 5. a conveyance or transfer of any stock or marketable security in any company incorporated in Uganda or Tanzania, if the conveyance or transfer has been duly stamped in accordance with the law of the territory in which the company was incorporated;
 6. an instrument for the sale, transfer or other disposition, either absolutely or by way of mortgage or otherwise, of a ship or of any part, interest, share or property of or in a ship;
 7. a bond given by a public officer for the due execution of his duties;
 8. a will, codicil or other testamentary disposition; and
 9. Instruments for the sale or transfer of land for the construction or expansion of educational institutions: Provided that stamp duty shall become


tablespace.
Using the STORAGE Keyword
The STORAGE keyword can be used to specify the storage attributes of the temporary segment(s) allocated for a parallel direct path load. If the STORAGE keyword is not used, the storage attributes of the segment containing the object (table, partition) being loaded are used.
For example, the following STORAGE clause could be used:
The STORAGE keyword can only be used in the control file, and not on the command line. Use of the STORAGE keyword to specify anything other than
PCTINCREASE of 0, and INITIAL or NEXT values is strongly discouraged (and may be silently ignored in the future.)
Enabling Constraints After a Parallel Direct Path Load
General Performance Improvement Hints
This section gives a few guidelines which can help to improve the performance of a load. If you must use a certain feature to load your data, by all means do so. But if you have control over the format of the data to be loaded, here are a few hints which can be used to improve load performance:
 1. Make logical record processing efficient:
 - use one-to-one mapping of physical records to logical records (avoid continueif, concatenate)
 - make it easy for the software to figure out physical record boundaries. Use the file processing option string "FIX nnn" or "VAR". If you use the default (stream mode) on most platforms (e.g. UNIX, NT) the loader has to scan each physical record for the record terminator (newline character.)
 2. Make field setting efficient. Field setting is the process of mapping "fields" in the datafile to their corresponding columns in the table being loaded. The mapping function is controlled by the description of the fields in the control file. Field setting (along with data conversion) is the biggest consumer of CPU cycles for most loads.
 - avoid delimited fields; use positional fields. If you use delimited fields, the loader must scan the input data to find the delimiters. If you use positional fields, field setting becomes simple pointer arithmetic (very fast!)
 - Don't trim whitespace if you don't need to (use PRESERVE BLANKS.)
 3. Make conversions efficient. There are several conversions that the loader does for you, character set conversion and datatype conversions. Of course, the quickest conversion is no conversion.
 - Avoid character set conversions if you can. The loader supports four character sets: a) client character set (NLS_LANG of the client sqlldr process); b) datafile character set (usually the same as the client character set, but can be different); c) server character set; and d) server national character set. Performance is optimized if all character sets are the same. For direct path loads, it is best if the datafile character set and the server character set are the same. If the character sets are the same, character set conversion buffers are not allocated.
 - Use single byte character sets if you can.
 4. Use direct path loads.
 5. Use "sorted indexes" clause.
 6. Avoid unnecessary NULLIF and DEFAULTIF clauses. Each clause must be evaluated on each column which has a clause associated with it for EVERY row loaded.
 7. Use parallel direct path loads and parallel index create when you can.
Copyright © 1999 Oracle Corporation.
All Rights Reserved.


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In ancient Rome, virtus was originally the quality of "manliness," from vir, "man." It often means "valor," but as the quality that made a man fulfill his potential as a man, it came to mean something more closely akin to "character, personal integrity," and hence "virtue," which women could also possess. Virtus was personified as a deity, though not always of the same gender. In the Roman Republic, Virtus often received sacrifices in the company of Honos, Honor, and the pair were also cultivated as deities jointly at temples. Virtus continued to be regarded as a deity in the Imperial era, and was one of the qualities or virtues associated with the cult of the emperors.
Media in category "Virtus"


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I found this sentence really confusing:
The average bundle price paid was a little over $8.
So, the average is the subject. Paid is the verb. What about the bundle price?
Can we use this form instead?
The average paid bundle price was a little over $8.
share|improve this question
It would help if you could provide the entire sentence. – Barrie England Sep 23 '12 at 19:17
_USER_ sorry about that >_< Edited!! – Suhaib Sep 23 '12 at 19:19
I think the verb is was. You can remove the word paid without significantly affecting the meaning, and it's really only acting as another adjective modifying price, the same as bundle does. Unless you "promote" it somehow, by saying, for example, "The average bundle price advertised was 5, but in fact the average bundle price paid was a little over 8, because of non-advertised additional costs". – FumbleFingers Sep 23 '12 at 19:21
3 Answers 3
In "The average bundle price paid was a little over $8", price or bundle price is the subject and was is the verb. Average modifies bundle price or bundle price paid. In any case, "average bundle price paid" is a noun phrase forming the subject of the sentence.
share|improve this answer
Thanks for putting in the rest of the sentence - it makes analysis possible.
Leaving out the word 'paid' leaves us with the sentence
The average bundle price was a little over $8.
Here, it is obvious that the subject is 'The average bundle price'. There follows a copular structure; the verb involved is be ('was').
A 'bundle price' is a collocation possibly best regarded as a compound noun:
"...savings based on comparison of Bundle price with price of same services sold separately...." (Google)
and 'average' is an adjective in attributive position (actually a rather difficult type of adjective to classify - but that's not germane here).
Putting 'paid' back into the reduced sentence, it is seen to be relating to the noun group ('bundle price'); if we had 'paid by the people in the showroom' we would see it is an adjectival non-finite clause postmodifying the noun group. The shorter version 'paid' is syntactically the same.
share|improve this answer
"The average bundle price paid"
1) Price is the subject.
2) Bundle is a noun used as an adjective.
3) Average can be a noun or an adjective. In this sentence it is an adjective.
I see nothing wrong with that sentence.
I mean, there are two adjectives (average + bundle) giving qualities to one noun (price).
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


Dirt road
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 (Redirected from Fieldway)
Jump to: navigation, search
Cattle on a dirt road in Paraguay.
A dirt road is an unpaved road made from the native material of the land surface through which it passes, known to highway engineers as subgrade material. Dirt roads are suitable for vehicles; a narrower path for pedestrians, animals, and possibly small vehicles would be called a dirt track—the distinction is not well-defined. Unpaved roads with a harder surface made by the addition of material such as gravel and aggregate (stones), might be referred to as dirt roads in common usage but are distinguished as improved roads by highway engineers. (Improved unpaved roads include gravel roads, laterite roads, murram roads and macadamized roads.)
Compared to a gravel road, a dirt road is not usually graded regularly to produce an enhanced camber to encourage rainwater to drain off the road, and drainage ditches at the sides may be absent. They are unlikely to have embankments through low-lying areas. This leads to greater waterlogging and erosion, and after heavy rain the road may be impassable even to off-road vehicles. For this reason, in some countries, such as Australia and New Zealand, they are known as dry-weather roads.
Dirt road in Switzerland for agricultural use.
Dirt roads take on different characteristics according to the soils and geology where they pass, and may be sandy, stony, rocky or have a bare earth surface, which could be extremely muddy and slippery when wet, and baked hard when dry. They are likely to become impassable after rain. They are common in rural areas of many countries, often very narrow and infrequently used, and are also found in metropolitan areas of many developing countries, where they may also be used as major highways and have considerable width.
Terms similar to dirt road are dry-weather road, earth road, or the "Class Four Highway" designation used in the People's Republic of China. A track, dirt track, or earth track would normally be similar but less suitable for larger vehicles.
Driving on dirt roads[edit]
Detail of a dry, loamy road.
While most gravel roads are all-weather roads and can be used by ordinary cars, dirt roads may only be passable by trucks or four-wheel drive vehicles, especially in wet weather, or on rocky or very sandy sections. It is as easy to become bogged in sand as it is in mud; a high clearance under the vehicle may be required for rocky sections.
Driving on dirt roads requires great attention to variations in the surface and it is easier to lose control than on a gravel road. In addition to the hazards already mentioned, and potholes, ruts and ridges, problems associated with driving on gravel roads include:
 - sharper and larger stones cutting and puncturing tires, or being thrown up by the wheels and damaging the underside, especially puncturing the fuel tank if not shielded
 - stones skipping up hitting the car body, lights or windshields when two vehicles pass each other
 - dust thrown up from a passing vehicle reducing visibility
 - 'washboard' corrugations cause loss of control or damage to vehicle systems such as suspension and steering
 - Skidding (loss of traction) on mud after rain.
Dirt road in Brazil
A dirt road showing a heavy amount of washboarding damage
This is an 1880's photo of 653 W Wrightwood (now 655 W Wrightwood) in the Lincoln Park Neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois. Note the wooden sidewalk, dirt road and lack of buildings surrounding the edifice.
Laterite and murram roads[edit]
In Africa parts of Asia, and parts of America, laterite soils are used to build dirt roads. However laterite, called murram in East Africa, varies considerably to earth and sand. It ranges from a hard gravel to a softer earth embedded with small stones. Not all laterite and murram roads are therefore strictly gravel roads. Laterite and murram which contains a significant proportion of clay becomes very slippery when wet, and in the rainy season, it may be difficult even for four-wheel drive vehicles to avoid slipping off very cambered roads into the drainage ditches at the side of the road. As it dries out, such laterite can become very hard, like sun-dried bricks.
See also[edit]


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A Freedom Dialogue
Exchange Regarding Principles of Social Meta-Needs
Emanating from Reality
The following is a MoreLife Yahoo posted reply by Paul Wakfer in response to a question and comment in a previous posted message to that same group by Scott Miller (AKA game_investor) in September 2008.
Subject: Re: Principles Emanating from Reality [was: Re: Reading between the lines
Date: Tue, 30 Sep 2008 21:15:48 -0400
From: Paul Wakfer
Organization: MoreLife
On 09/30/2008 06:35 PM, game_investor wrote:
> --- In, Paul Wakfer wrote:
>>...[O]ne in which the principles of Social Meta-Needs (which are
>> *not* my theories, but rather emanate directly from reality if only
>> one looks penetratingly enough) are rationally understood and in
>> operation during human interactions.
> Paul, this statement stuck out for me.
I am pleased to see you reading with thought, not just skimming, and
even more pleased to have you ask a thoughtful question.
> What do you mean when you say
> "the principles of Social Meta-Needs" emanates from reality?
It means that, just like the laws of nature in any particular area
attempt to describe the behavior of a particular aspect of reality, so
the theory of Social Meta-Needs, and the principles (another word for
rules or laws) that derive from that theory, also attempts to describe
the behavior of a particular aspect of reality. The laws of physics
attempt to describe the behavior of space time and matter (the latter
in both particle and bulk form, but not the bulk form in any great
detail since that becomes the purview of many other separate
sciences). The theory of Social Meta-Needs attempts to describe the
interactions of human beings which will enable each at the same time
to optimally increase hir lifetime happiness. Thus the principles of
Social Meta-Needs are discovered by examining reality in the same
manner as the laws of physics are found by examining reality. It
appears to me that no one before me has examined the essence of what
it means to be a human living with other humans on this Earth
sufficiently carefully to have seen the complete and consistent
picture of just what principles of human interaction will optimize the
lifetime happiness of each all at the same time (or even that such a
set of principles can even exist at all).
> Is this because these principles are based on human psychology?
Yes and no. They are based on the essential characteristics of human
beings (characteristics that are inherent in being human and therefore
common to all humans). Much of this would reasonably be placed under
the heading of human psychology (and sociology too). However, current
human psychology is merely the study of the behavior of the humans
that have arisen within the current social environment. Human
psychology says almost nothing about what humans could be, should be
(in order to each optimally increase hir lifetime happiness) and,
therefore, ought to be.
> Your statement, IMO, also implies that there is no other set of
> principles that can exist, since reality has one truth (to the best
> of my knowledge).
Again that is essentially correct. Just as there is only one correct
physical law (although a recent Science News article described how
some physicists are beginning to doubt this in general), so there
would be only one correct set of principles that will enable all
humans together to each optimally increase hir lifetime happiness.
Thus, my approach is completely at odds with most social philosophers
who appear to think that the rules of social behavior are quite
arbitrary and dependent on which culture one is in - which is, of
course, nothing but a recipe for conflict - a sort of tower of Babel
with respect to rules of social behavior on top of the language and
religion problems already existent in the world.
So while I have discovered the ideas of Social Meta-Needs, just as a
physicist discovers a new physical law, and the theory of Social
Meta-Needs is mine in the same way that the theory of general
relativity is Einstein's, that theory is not mine in the sense of
being a social scheme for human interaction derived from my own
particular cultural heritage and my own personal narrow biased views
of how humans should behave - as is the case for most other social
My approach to the science of human interaction has been entirely
similar to that of any scientist who asks what principles, laws or
rules of behavior govern/describe the operation of a certain set of
objects of reality and their environmental interactions. So in the
same manner, I looked at the most primary and essential aspects of
human existent, human environment and potential human interactions.
The theory of Social Meta-Needs is the result of that examination.


FREE Christian Pastors and Christian Leadership Resources
Can Christians Be Angry?
 - Dr. Roger Barrier Preach It, Teach It
 - 2013 4 Apr
Can Christians Be Angry?
Dear Roger,
I really struggle with anger. It seems like I just can't keep it under control. I know it's not Christian to be angry, so what advice would you give me?
Dear BLE,
Who says that it's a sin for a Christian to get angry? Jesus got angry on numerous occasions (Matthew 23:13-26 and John 2:13-17 just to name a few). I figure that if it was OK for Jesus to get angry then it is OK for you and me!
Like you, many people do wonder: "Is it a sin to be angry?" Of course not. Anger is a necessary, built-in emotion. (Proverbs 27:4Proverbs 14:17 Ephesians 4:26-27 . The emotion of anger is not sin; but, anger has the potential to lead into sin. Anger does not become sin until we translate it into aggressive and hostile actions—or activities destructive to ourselves.
However, anger has its limits. Out of control anger can be a dastardly thing. One of my favorite proverbs is Proverbs 29:11 "A fool gives full vent to his anger, but a wise man keeps himself under control."
Why do people get angry? You know the answer to that. People get angry for all sorts of reasons. Some are angry because of the injustices done to themselves or to others. Some are angry for righteousness sake. Hurt someone and they will get angry (Proverbs 20:2). Anger is the natural response to being hurt. Some are stymied and kept from doing something they intend to do. Some have been embarrassed by others. Others feel cheated. The loss of a loved one can trigger intense anger. Occasionally a small squabble can become an angry encounter. The list goes on and on.
On somewhat of a deeper level, some get easily and overly angry because of imbalanced brain chemistry. Some have opened their lives to a demonic stronghold (Ephesians 4:26-27).
Uncannily, many people don't realize when they are angry. According to Dwight L. Carlson, M.D. the following are misconceptions about anger:
 1. If I don't look, feel, or seem angry, I don't have an anger problem.
 2. If I ignore my hurts and anger, they will go away and won't cause me any trouble later on.
 3. If I just let all my feelings and anger out—just get them out of my system—I'll solve my anger problems.
 4. It won't cost me too much emotionally to be a nice person who never gets angry at anybody.
 5. If I express my hurts and anger to the person with whom I'm angry, our relationship will suffer.
Very often, we tend to express our anger in two ways: we blow up and vent our anger (Proverbs 29:11), or we internalize it by "clamming up." The first century Greeks recognized these two polar opposites.
"Orge" describes a fire that quickly flashes up and dies down just as quickly. Like when an open flame is touched to a pile of extremely dry sticks and leaves. It burns furiously and just as quickly burns itself out. Some angry people explode and often hurt those around them--but they sure feel better.
On the other hand, the Greek word "thumos" describes a ripe peach still hanging on the tree that keeps getting riper and riper until it turns to mush and falls on the ground for some unsuspecting person to step in. "Thumos" people internalize anger and refuse to face it for what it is. Eventually, however, their anger will likely ooz out and sabotage relationships with the people around them--as well as their own emotional well being.
In his dynamic work, The Angry Book, Dr. Theodore Isaac Rubin, M.D., illustrates describes what "orge" and "thumos" might look like.
 1. Venting ("orge"): Auto Poison; Bullying; Explosive Behavior; Rage; Violence; Suicide; and Murder
 2. Repressing ("thumos"): Anxiety; Depression; Self-Sabotage; High Blood Pressure; Overeating; Under eating; Sleep Problems; Silent Treatment; Malicious Gossip; Overworking; Over sexing; Over exercising; Bad Dreams; Always Tired; Drugs; Alcohol; and Juice-Stewing
Now, let's come to the crux of the matter. What do I do when I feel myself becoming angry? (Proverbs 16:32)
1. Deescalate the emotions of the moment. Choose to calm yourself down. (Proverbs 30:33Proverbs 15:1 . Take time to read and apply Psalms 131 Counting to 100 is still a most effective way of quieting yourself down before doing something stupid.
2. Quickly decide whether the anger is worth it and back away if it is not. I was a happy third grader on the play ground when a big-fourth grader challenged me to a fight.
"I heard that you said that you can beat me in a fight. Do you want to try," he asked?" My first thought was, "I never said that." My second thought was that it wasn't worth the fight. I said, "O.K. you win. You are better than me." He screwed up his face and looked at me: "Well then, don't you forget it." Some situations just aren't worth it.
3. Ask the question, "where have I been hurt?" Most people get angry they've been hurt by someone, something or some situation. (Proverbs 19:11). What hurt is producing you anger? Heal the hurt and you will begin to heal the hurt (Matthew 5:4).
4. Follow Jesus' anger-healing model as revealed during His crucifixion experience (This model is adapted from "Jesus Healing Model by David Ferguson of Intimate Life Ministries.)
First, He mourned His hurt (Matthew 26:38) and received comfort (Matthew 5:4) from the angels.
"He took Peter and the two sons of Zebedee along with him, and he began to be sorrowful and troubled.Then he said to them, "My soul is overwhelmed with sorrow to the point of death. Stay here and keep watch with me" (Matthew 26:37-38).
Second, He understood the truth of what was happening: "Father, forgive them, for they do not know what they are doing" "(Luke 23:34).
Third, He forgave those who were crucifying Him: "Father, forgive them... " (Luke 23:34).
I hope this helps. We need to feel the emotion of anger to be healthy, as long as we express it in a godly way.
Publication date


text:
For several centuries Mennonites were not activists in the sense of directly pressuring for political and social change. Their main witness was against war and resulted in conscientious objection. Otherwise they tried to live a peaceful life and engaged in acts of Christian compassion toward victims of war and other disasters. Mennonites have often made a distinction between nonresistance and nonviolence. Peace Activists who use "nonviolent direct action" engage in political, economic, and social action even when it may involve coercion of an adversary. Mennonites have often hesitated to use coercive actions such as strikes and boycotts, whereas nonviolent activists permit themselves to use such tactics as long as they do not cause harm to people. In recent decades, organized nonviolent direct action has been proposed by some theorists as an alternative national defense strategy (e.g., Sharp, summarized in Friesen, 149-57).
In the period between World War I and World War II some Mennonites became involved in some of the larger peace movements. World War II did not produce a great deal of active opposition. Nevertheless, Civilian Public Service brought many American Mennonites into contact with pacifists who were inclined to activism. Some Mennonites became more involved in such issues as race relations, improving conditions in mental hospitals, and opposition to conscription.
The period after World War II gave rise to an increase in Mennonite peace activism, both in Europe and in North America. The particular issue was the concern about nuclear weapons. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, members of the Doopsgezinde Vredesgroep (Dutch Mennonite Peace Association) participated in marches against nuclear weapons. The Vredesgroep has had a continuing debate between those who would hold to the more traditional Mennonite position on nonresistance and those who would be more politically and publicly active on behalf of peace.
In the United States and Canada some were influenced by Catholic activists such as Daniel and Philip Berrigan. Others participated in demonstrations against nuclear weapons and even in civil disobedience by trespassing at nuclear weapons installations or production facilities. The emergence of the civil rights movement in the United States, particularly beginning with the Montgomery, Ala., bus boycott in 1956 and later activities such as the Freedom Ride, the sit-ins, the marches, drew attention to nonviolent direct action. Already in the early 1960s Mennonites were participating in such activities, The next major development was the anti-war movement during the Vietnam War. Many Mennonites, particularly Mennonite students, became involved in peace activism during that period.
An evidence of Mennonite growing awareness that making peace is more than just refusing to participate in war or to bind up wounds of the victims of war is found in the establishment of offices of the Mennonite Central Committee (MCC) in the national capitals of Washington and Ottawa. The constituent members of MCC have not come to full agreement on whether or not Mennonites should be involved in influencing legislation and government programs except when it directly affects the rights of Mennonites to practice their religious convictions. Issues on which they are ready to seek redress from the government include the right to refuse military service, to establish private Christian schools, and not to participate in the United States social security program.
MCC experiences have brought more active involvement and have raised awareness of injustices in places such as the Middle East, South Africa, the Philippines, and Central America. Mennonites have struggled with the issue of uses of power for justice in relation to their traditional views on nonresistance.
More recent issues have included the question of refusal to pay military taxes. This began in the United States but, after Vincent Harding raised the issue at the Mennonite World Conference in 1967, Dutch and Japanese Mennonites also have acted on the issue. In the 1970s and 1980s broader issues of sociopolitical activism include women's rights, refusal to register for future military conscription, and abortion.
An Annotated Bibliography of Mennonite Writings on War and Peace, _PHONE_, ed. Willard Swartley and Cornelius J. Dyck. Scottdale, PA: Herald Press, 1987.
God and Caesar. War Tax Resistance Newsletter, Commission on Home Ministries, Newton, KS.
Op zoek naar een vredesgemeente. Amsterdam: Algemene Doopsgezinde Societeit, 1980.
Shenk, Phil and Melissa Miller. The Path of Most Resistance. Scottdale, PA: Herald Press, 1982.
Harding, Vincent. "The Peace Witness and Modern Revolutionary Movements," in The Sitness of the Holy Spirit, ed. C. J. Dyck. Elkhart, IN: Mennonite World Conference, n.d.. [ca. 1967]: 337-44.
Verheus, Simon L. "Beleden vrede -- omstreden vrede," and Sjouke Voolstra, "De roerige Karen dertig," in Wederdoopers, menisten, doopsgezinden in Nederland _PHONE_, ed. by S. Groenveld, J. P. Jacobszoon and L. L. Verheus. Zutphen: De Walburg Pers, 1980.
"Vre deskerk of geen Kerk." Doopsgezind Jaarboekje (1979): 72-79.
Sharp, Gene. The Politics of Nonviolent Action. Boston: Porter Sargent, 1973.
Friesen, Duane K. Christian Peacemaking and International Conflict. Scottdale, PA: Herald Press, 1986.
Mennonite Central Committee (search for Ottawa and Washington offices on MCC's search page)
©_PHONE_ by the Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. All rights reserved.
MLA style: Keeney, William. "Peace Activism." Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. 1989. Web. 23 May 2013. _URL_
APA style: Keeney, William. (1989). Peace Activism. Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. Retrieved 23 May 2013, from _URL_


text:
Doll Distance Healing Spell
Because once upon a time Chinese women wouldn't undress before a doctor (even today a visit to a traditional Chinese physician rarely involves undressing), beautiful, anatomically correct naked dolls were carved from ivory. These dolls served as a communications device between doctor and patient; pain, illness, affliction, and methods of healing could be demonstrated on the doll w ith minimum embarrassment.
These dolls are still sometimes found in antique shops; reproductions are also available. Use this type of doll or craft or use a less realistic one to perform magical distance healing.
1. Hold the doll in your hands to charge it with your intentions and healing energy.
2. Murmur healing incantations and blessings over the doll.
3. Massage the doll with blended castor and olive oils, scented with essential oil of lavender.
4. Place the doll within a ring of burning healing candles.
5. Repeat as needed until the healing is complete.


text:
Lookup NU author(s): Professor Mark Whittingham
Full text for this publication is not currently held within this repository. Alternative links are provided below where available.
Animals should adapt their escape behaviour to both physical and social surroundings in order to maximize their probability of survival. Cover can be both obstructive, reducing the visibility of the surroundings and hindering escape, and protective, providing refuge. We investigated how the provision of cover (long grass) affected (1) the escape behaviour and (2) the alarm call behaviour of Common Starlings Sturnus vulgaris responding to a model hawk during a simulated attack. Starlings always retreated away from the predator and sometimes alarm-called. Their escape trajectory was close to the ground when escaping in long grass, which could be explained by either tall swards hindering take-off or such swards being used as protective cover. On short grass their escape trajectory was much steeper (> 45°). We also investigated the use of alarm calls in Starlings according to predictions arising from the costs and benefits to callers and receivers. Callers could benefit from using alarm calls through dilution or confusion if their use initiates flock departures, thus reducing their probability of being targeted. If there is no cost to the producer of alarm calls we predicted that detectors should call at all times to gain these benefits (i.e. irrespective of grass length), but if their use is costly we predicted that they would be used only when the benefits outstrip the costs. In this case we would predict that alarm calls would be given when other (visual) signals were impaired on long grass but not when they were effective on short grass. Starlings used alarm calls on long grass when visibility was reduced more frequently than on short grass, suggesting that calling has a cost to the producer. The contrasting escape strategies of Starlings in relation to a relatively small (10 cm) change in grass height demonstrates the potential importance of habitat structure in determining predation risk. © 2008 The Authors.
Author(s): Devereux CL, Fernandez-Juricic E, Krebs JR, Whittingham MJ
Publication type: Article
Publication status: Published
Print publication date: 01/08/2008
ISSN (print): 0019-1019
ISSN (electronic): 1474-919X
Publisher: British Ornithologists' Union
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text:
The blog Neuroskeptic discusses new research suggesting that how we perceive the emotional lives of others significantly affects how depressed or anxious we feel. From the post:
In the first experiment, the authors quizzed people how many days per month they felt "depressed, sad, blue, tearful" or had "excessive anxiety about a number of events or activities." They then asked them a series of questions designed to work out how they thought other people would answer than question. So they could work out where each individual thought they ranked within the general population, in terms of depression or anxiety symptoms.
Take a look. The top panel shows someone who felt depressed on 5 days a month, but believed this put him in the most depressed 70% of people. The second person felt depressed twice as often, but she thought she was below average.
They found that perceived rank was strongly correlated with whether people thought they "had depression" or "had anxiety" - much more strongly than actual frequency of symptoms. "Having depression" meant "being more depressed than other people".
Read the entire post at Neuroskeptic.


text:
An article by Prof. Jatin Nathwani and Colleagues
Published in the Journal of Energy Conversion and Management
The original article can be found here.
The global destructive effects of carbon dioxide emissions and the importance of energy storage for grid stability and peak shaving applications are in deep concern. In this regard, this paper investigates the recycling of carbon dioxide from gas-fired power plant emissions into synthetic natural gas based on a novel power-to-gas process with the aim of chemical energy storage and emission reduction. The hybrid power-to-gas process proposed in this paper integrates the power generated from the gas plant and renewable energies. To make a precise evaluation of system performance, the referenced system is analyzed from technical, economic, and environmental points of view. The process is optimized through the reaction operation conditions and the energy utilization of the process. The results demonstrate that the power-to-gas process achieves a reaction synthetic natural gas production yield of over 97% at the optimal operation conditions.
The obtained results indicate that the system designed can reduce production costs due to hybrid electricity and offers two unique attributes: energy storage capability and drastic reduction of carbon dioxide emissions.


Vietnam to restrict surging scrap imports
For decades, China was one of the largest importers of waste and scrap materials. However, in the last few years, it has restricted imports on various types of waste and scrap material to reduce pollution. This has led to shipments being diverted to countries such as Vietnam and Malaysia, causing congestion at major ports.
In 2017, the total volume of scrap imported in Vietnam including iron, steel, plastics, and paper was twice that of 2016. Plastic scrap import during the first five months of 2018 is almost double compared to the total volume of imports in 2017. The rapid growth in imports has led to congestion in all the major ports in Vietnam, with around 6 000 containers stuck in Cat Lai Port and Hai Phong Port.
Apart from port congestion and environmental concerns, the major reasons for restricting imports and increasing inspections include the growing use of false permits, mislabeling of imports, and illegal imports.
The Vietnam Steel Association (VSA) has requested the government to allow steel producers to import 1.9 million tons of scrap for their industry annually. In addition, they have also proposed to extend licences of existing importers if they meet the environmental standards.
The association has highlighted the fact that steel produced from steel and iron scrap is an environmentally friendly process and produces only a fifth of the emissions compared to iron ore. Furthermore, as the domestic supply of metal scrap only meets 40 per cent of the industry demand, imports are a major source for steel producers.


text:
connection without putting any strain on the CPU. The trouble is that an app written this way can't do much of anything else - it needs to be ready to shuffle bytes around at all times.
Assuming that your app is actually supposed to do something more than that, threading is the optimal solution, (and using non-blocking sockets will be faster than using blocking sockets). Unfortunately, threading support in Unixes varies both in API and quality. So the normal Unix solution is to fork a subprocess to deal with each connection. The overhead for this is significant (and don't do this on Windows - the overhead of process creation is enormous there). It also means that unless each subprocess is completely independent, you'll need to use another form of IPC, say a pipe, or shared memory and semaphores, to communicate between the parent and child processes.
Finally, remember that even though blocking sockets are somewhat slower than non-blocking, in many cases they are the "right" solution. After all, if your app is driven by the data it receives over a socket, there's not much sense in complicating the logic just so your app can wait on select instead of recv.


Environmental Design
Modificar el tamaño de letra:
"Bread is as important as the flower for the poor "
The quality of life in elderly person is closely related to their environment and affect. This environment includes adequate health care, closeness and security provided by family or friends and a means of stimulating an independent and integral development (Bernardin-Haldemann, 1993; Chaudhury, 2003, Hwang and Ziebarth, 2006).
Care environment and affective environment is basic in people with advanced dementia. "forever people" project provides a therapeutic proposal fitted to specific needs.


Safety Procedures
 1. Identification Cards: Students are expected to carry their University identification cards at all times. Lending or duplication of identification cards is prohibited.
 2. Evacuation Drills/Alarms:Everyone must participate when an alarm is sounded in any University building. A student who fails to immediately evacuate may be fined a minimum of $250, based on the judgment of the Preliminary Hearing Officer.
 Students are directed to:
 1. Close windows and doors of rooms;
 2. Do not use elevators;
 3. Walk to a clearing away from the building;
 4. Report to the person in charge of attendance; and,
 5. Wait for a signal to re-enter the building.
 3. Facility Use: Use the physical facilities on campus only for their intended purpose.
 4. Safety Equipment: It is prohibited to start a fire or create a fire hazard; make an explosive device; create a false emergency; tamper with, damage, disable or misuse fire safety equipment.
 5. Guest Responsibility: students are expected to inform their guests of all University policies and procedures and are responsible for guest behavior.


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My Cousin Yeast
Jennifer Gallagher holds up yeast.
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Jennifer Gallagher was at the Morgantown Municipal Airport to pick up her dad when she found the industrial chemical on the Internet that she wanted to order.
The chemical was 4-methylcyclohexane methanol, also known as MCHM. It was a coal-washing chemical that most people, including Gallagher — a geneticist at West Virginia University — hadn't heard of until about 10,000 gallons of it spilled into the Elk River in January 2014. Charleston's water supply was shut down and eventually 300,000 residents were urged not to use the water in any way if they could smell the telltale licorice odor that followed even trace amounts of the chemical.
When she contacted the company, they wanted to give her a tankard. She wanted five grams. They settled on a paint can full of MCHM. The next step was to bring the chemical to work and introduce it to her collection of yeast.
"I was like, look, I just want to know what it does," Gallagher said. "I mean, I have the tools. I have the interest. I had developed this model for assessing cellular effects of different chemicals."
What she found shows how much we still don't know about the chemicals we produce every day, how our bodies work and how chemicals and biology interact.
Yeast is a good candidate for chemical testing. It doesn't seem like the tiny, white and pasty microorganisms are anything like us. But if you count billion year-old common ancestors, yeast is a very distant cousin. We both mate and produce children and are made of the same basic building blocks from the same planet.
There's one particular similarity that is the reason Gallagher has a lab full of circles of yeast on Petri dishes: The way we process chemicals. Humans developed to have seven biochemical pathways. Yeast only has one. That makes it simpler to understand, and while it takes decades for human families to generate and grow, Gallagher's lab has one yeast pair that has created 1,000 offspring. Her graduate student Apoorva Ravishankar has created two yeast genomes that are either completely or mostly sequenced after becoming resistant to the pesticide Roundup.
Gallagher has also exposed yeast to 4-Nitroquinoline 1-oxide, a poison used to induce tumors in rats for research. She took yeast — which reproduces in an hour and a half — and introduced it to chemicals it had never met, seeing how it withered or adapted with resistance.
The standard for U.S. chemical testing is to see how much of a substance it will take to kill a rat. Gallagher says death is one clear outcome from testing. But that result doesn't show us how a chemical affects life immediately in other ways and in the long term.
When she exposed yeast to MCHM — in a study that has been funded by the National Institutes of Health — the yeast stopped growing. But when her grad student Michael Ayers removed the chemical, they started growing again like nothing happened.
Then it was time for her colleagues to move up the life ladder and test the chemical on African clawed frog tadpoles. At low doses, the tadpoles froze. Tapping their Petri dishes got no reaction. Like the yeast, when Gallagher and her students took the MCHM away, the tadpoles went back to life as normal. When they exposed the tadpoles to a higher dose — much higher than the concentration in the Elk River — they showed developmental defects, including a curved spine and skin cells that didn't move properly.
Gallagher has some ideas about why this is happening. It could be that the chemical inhibits the creatures' muscles. Or it could be that their nervous systems are affected.
The next step in the research is to move on to zebrafish, a species that is similarly affected by MCHM. Assistant professor Sadie Bergeron will give them MDMA. If they move under the power of the stimulant, their muscles aren't inhibited, and it's their nervous system that is putting on the brakes. The idea hasn't been tested yet but Gallagher believes it's probably their nervous systems that are being halted.
So how much does it matter that some tadpoles and zebrafish are paralyzed by this chemical?
Gallagher points out that as we develop resistances to chemicals in our microbiome, our biology is changing and will be passed down to our descendants.
"You put them in the environment," she said of chemicals, "they are going to affect organisms and they are going to change in response to them."
"And what I'm interested in is how do they respond to it and how do they change over time? And are there multiple ways to become resistant? Is it just one way and they're following that same path or do you have different paths to the same end?"
When she saw the MCHM spill in the news, she saw people complaining of lung irritation, she saw people who couldn't use their water and she saw a chemical interaction she didn't understand.
The episode was a reminder that it's the moments between the start and end of life that make us who we are. When we come into contact with chemicals, do we resist? And as we resist, how are we changed forever?


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For many of us, the words "medieval glass" are synonymous with the extraordinary %%stained glass%% windows that transform the interiors of so many European churches of the late Middle Ages. This exhibition catalog for Medieval Glass for Popes, Princes, and Peasants, has a different focus. It is a selective introduction to medieval glass vessels, made in the course of more than 1,000 years, that were intended for use and display: for eating and drinking, lighting, worship, science, and medicine.
The book examines the history of medieval glass vessels, explores how some of them were made. The book includes chapters on the chemistry and technological advances of medieval glass, as well as a catalog of the 124 objects in the exhibition, which came from the collection of The Corning Museum of Glass, as well as individuals and museums in the United States and Europe.


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3.2.8 Mathematical Constants
Euler's constant EulerGamma is given by the limit. It appears in many integrals, and asymptotic formulas. It is sometimes known as the Euler-Mascheroni constant, and denoted.
Catalan's constant Catalan is given by the sum. It often appears in asymptotic estimates of combinatorial functions.
Khinchin's constant Khinchin (sometimes called Khintchine's constant) is given by. It gives the geometric mean of the terms in the continued fraction representation for a typical real number.
Glaisher's constant Glaisher (sometimes called the Glaisher-Kinkelin constant) satisfies, where is the Riemann zeta function. It appears in various sums and integrals, particularly those involving gamma and zeta functions.
Mathematical constants can be evaluated to arbitrary precision.
In:= N[EulerGamma, 40]
Exact computations can also be done with them.
THIS IS DOCUMENTATION FOR AN OBSOLETE PRODUCT.
SEE THE DOCUMENTATION CENTER
FOR THE LATEST INFORMATION.


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AN ACT TO AMEND SECTION 555, TITLE 28, DELAWARE CODE, RELATING TO "BREAKAGE" AS TO HARNESS RACING.
Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Delaware:
Section 1. Amend subsection (a), Section 555, Title 28, Delaware Code, by adding the following sentence immediately after the first sentence thereof ending with the word "wagered and before the next sentence thereof:
If a minus pool is created, the association may break to the lowest multiple of 5.
Approved July 1, 1969.


Asylum Seekers and Refugees
In Australia today, some of the people most in need of a compassionate neighbour are people seeking asylum. Having fled their homeland in search of safety and refuge, they are often detained in centres worse than prisons, with no apparent way of being granted a secure a visa.
Others are permitted to live in the community but lack the resources for adequate food, education or housing. They are often left for years without their claim for asylum being processed.
Good Samaritan Sisters and oblates endeavour to support these women, men and children directly by visiting them, as caseworkers, sourcing resources and petitioning government departments on their behalf.
Valuable partnerships in this work include the Jesuit Refugee Service, the Refugee Council of Australia, and the Catholic Alliance for People Seeking Asylum.
Other Sisters assist various groups of refugees, especially in the early months and years of being in Australia. Many of these people need support as they recover from the trauma of their past and as they find their way in a new and foreign community.


text: ACE staff has contributed extensively to advanced power systems technology. The ACE staff has performed detailed technical analyses and evaluations of alternative energy conversion and mobile power systems. This work includes the Automobile Power Systems Evaluation Study that the California Institute of Technology performed for the Ford Motor Company, a systems definition of alternative mobile power and environmental control systems performed for the US Army, and a systems analysis of alternative fuel cell power systems for railroad locomotives performed for the South Coast Air Quality Management District. These analyses included emissions, performance, design, and cost evaluations of conventional Otto cycle engines, Diesel engines, Rankine cycle engines, Stirling cycle engines, Brayton cycle (gas turbine) engines, and fuel cells. A laboratory research Stirling engine built under NASA funding at the Jet propulsion Laboratory was conceived and the conceptual design defined by an ACE staff member.


Balanced circulants
Given interer $k \geq 1$ and $m \geq 1$, let us introduce a graph $G(k,m) = (V,E)$ with circular symmetry as follows: $V = {\bf Z}_n = \{0,1,...,n-1\}$, where $n = 4km$, and $(i,j) \in E$ iff
\begin{displaymath}i-j + 4mt = +1 \;\; or \, -1 \;\; (mod \; n)\end{displaymath}
for some integer $t$. E.g. if $k=5, m=2$ then $n = 40$ and $(i,j) \in E$ iff $i - j (mod \; 40) \in \{7,9; 15,17; 23,25; 31,33; 39,1\}.$
It is not difficult to check that $G(k,m)$ is balanced, i.e. it has no odd cycles, nor $(4i+2)$-holes. In fact, it may only contain holes of length 4 and $4m$. Moreover, every $(4i+2)$-cycle has at least two chords. Hence, $G(k,m) - e$ is still balanced for any edge $e$, in agreement with Conjecture 2 from the section "Balanced Graphs". Conjecture 1 of the same section also holds for $G(k,m)$. Indeed, if $k > 1$ then $S = \{0; 4mi+1, 4mi-1 \; \vert \; i = 1, \ldots,k\}$ is a star cutset: 0 is an isolated vertex in $\bar{G}[S]$, while $4mj$ is an isolated vertex in $G[V \setminus S]$ for every $j = 1, \ldots, k;$ and if $k=1$ then $G(k,m)$ is $4m$-cycle, that is a basic graph
CONJECTURE. Every non-empty balanced circulant is isomorphic to a $G(k,m)$.
Contributed by Diogo Andrade, Endre Boros, and Vladimir Gurvich
Back to the main index for Perfect Graphs.


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A full 15-Day free trial of this graphic software. No credit card required.
DXF is short for Drawing Interchange Format or Drawing Exchange Format. Commonly known as AutoCAD DXF format, is a CAD data file format. It was developed by Autodesk to enable data interoperability between AutoCAD and other programs. DXF file format was first introduced in 1982. The key purpose of this format was to produce the exact representation of AutoCAD native DWG files on other applications. For many years, the importing process of DXF files had been very difficult because of the unavailability of specifications of the format. Presently the format specifications are available as PDF but this format is rarely used in AutoCAD applications.
We designed CorelDRAW Graphics Suite to open a wide range of file format, including all of the following:


Fair housing: Test your knowledge
April 2018 marks the 50th anniversary of the Fair Housing Act, the last great legislation that came out of the civil rights era. Fair housing is more than just rules and legal jargon – it's essential to a free, open market that embraces equal opportunity and protects your business.
It's important for REALTORS® to know and follow the rules to ensure that everyone has access to the American dream of homeownership. So, how much do you know about the Fair Housing Act? Test your knowledge with these questions from REALTOR® Magazine.
a. Smoking
b. A live-in caregiver for a resident with a disability
c. Drinking alcohol
d. Both a and c
The answer is d) Both a and c.
a. A seller tells you he doesn't want to sell to African-Americans
b. A sales associate puts the phrase "adults only" in an MLS listing
c. Both a and b
d. None of the above
The answer is c) Both a and b.
Take the full quiz and get answers to see where you stand.
While much progress has been made in the last half century, the fair housing fight continues as advocates seek protections for the LGBTQ community and address continuing discrimination leading to economic disparities in our neighborhoods. Visit _URL_ for more information.


Think money can't buy happiness? Think again
It turns out, rich people are happier than poor people.
A new Brookings Institution paper finds that people who live in rich countries are more satisfied with their lives than those in poor countries, and rich people within individual countries are happier than their poor neighbors.
That old "money can't buy happiness" chestnut, formally called Easternlin's paradox by economists after an influential 1974 study that concluded rich nations are no happier than poor ones, is such an enduring myth because it holds a lot of appeal, said Justin Wolfers, one of the paper's authors, a nonresident fellow at Brookings and professor of economics and public policy at the University of Michigan.
"I think it's incredibly comforting to believe in it," he said. "You can believe that people who live in grinding poverty… are just as happy as you are."
Previously, some economists predicted that even if greater wealth meant greater happiness, it was only true up to a point. Once you reached a set point of satiation, extra money wouldn't matter.
"People are good at making the best of what they have. The way we deal with our emotions is quite adaptive," said Hal Hershfield, an assistant professor of marketing at New York University's Stern School of Business. Even the rich, he pointed out, "are going to have to deal with everyday pleasures and displeasures."
Last year, Skandia International's Wealth Sentiment Monitor surveyed 13 countries (not including the United States) and found that the average income people need to feel happy is around $161,000. Research published in 2010 based on surveys of 450,000 Americans said that well-being increased along with income up to $75,000, then day-to-day happiness leveled off, although feelings of success and well-being continued to rise.
But the Brookings researchers found no cutoff point. "There is literally no evidence of satiation in any data set anywhere," Wolfers said.
In a survey of more than 1,000 Americans conducted by Gallup and analyzed by Wolfers and his co-author Betsey Stevenson, only 1 percent who made more than $75,000 said they were "very dissatisfied" with their lives, and only 4 percent ranked their happiness in the lowest category.
The effect appeared even more pronounced further up the income spectrum. The handful of respondents who earned more than half a million dollars a year all ranked their happiness and satisfaction at the highest levels.
"We still found that the really privileged were happier than the merely privileged," Wolfers said.
Overall perceptions of satisfaction and happiness might not tell the whole story, though. "What also matters is how people actually *feel* on a day-to-day basis," Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at the University of British Columbia, said via email.
"If you make $250k rather than $90K, you're likely to rate your life as a whole more positively," she said. "But you're not likely to feel any more enjoyment or happiness on a typical day. You're no more likely to laugh or smile on a typical day."
That's because wealth really is a proxy for autonomy. Richer people have greater freedom to decide where they want to live, what jobs they hold and how they want to live their lives. People who live in wealthier countries also don't bear the stress and fear of threats like starvation or losing a child to a preventable illness.
"It's not that it's literally the greenbacks in your wallet that make you happy, but rather... being able to make choices about your life and making choices that give your life meaning," Wolfers said.
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Data Sharing using Web Services Working Group
Meg Staton (Hardwood Genetics, Chair); Jill Wegrzyn (TreeGenes); Emily Grau (TreeGenes); Andrew Farmer (NCGR); Marcela Karey Tello-Ruiz (Gramene); Justin Elser (Gramene); Sylva Donaldson, Cyril Pommier (URGI), Monica Poelchau (i5k), EthyCannon (PeanutBase), Peter Selby (BrAPI)
 - Identify the current methods of data exchange within and across AgBioData databases
 - Explore community opinions on data sharing needs and priorities
 - Identify a set of partners with interest and throughput to actually implement some concrete examples
 - Develop a set of recommended best practices for data exchange
 - Promote best practices for data exchange


5. Information and communication technology
 6. Automotive electronics
 7. Automotive engineering
 8. mechanical engineering
 9. Environmental technology and recycling (part-time)
 10. Traffic system technology
 11. Industrial engineering (also part-time)
 12. Business informatics (part-time)
At the University of Zittau / Görlitz Students can choose between five different courses if they have a Dipl.-Ing. (FH) aim to:
 1. Automation and mechatronics
 2. Electrical power systems
 3. Energy Technology
 4. mechanical engineering
 5. industrial engineering
If we have forgotten your university or course of study in our list, please contact us by email.
More articles:
Can you just leave out the addition (FH) in the title, Mr. Mell?
How academic titles affect starting salaries for engineers
The best universities for engineers and computer scientists in Germany - the big ranking comparison
A contribution by:
 - Nicole gap
 Nicole Lücke does science journalism for research centers and universities, reports on medical congresses and looks after customer magazines for energy providers. She is a shareholder of content qualities. Your topics: energy, technology, sustainability, medicine / medical technology.


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Nanny Lane is a nanny website to help you find a nanny in your area. Our nanny services include background checks, PLUS, and nanny share payroll.
The costs of a nanny share depends on your nanny share set up. How you share the cost a nanny can depend on the number of hours, children, and even who is hosting the nanny share. Additional expenses for nanny shares can include over-time, vacation time, and holiday bonuses.
Once you start connecting with prospective families, the next step is to interview. To make things a bit easier, here's a list of some questions to ask the other family in a nanny share:
When finding a family for a nanny share, you want to assess compatibility in terms of logistics, personalities, and parenting philosophies. It's also important to be mindful that nanny shares can work with the kids of different ages whether it's two infants or an older child with an infant, there are lots of different ways to set up a nanny share.
Before beginning the search for a nanny share, you should think through what responsibilities you expect your nanny to handle. With that information, you can create a profile so that nannies can reach out to you. You can do this with the other family or alone. The boundaries for nannies duties vary from family to family. However, in general, a nanny is responsible for making sure your kids' needs are met, including things like ensuring they have opportunities to play and be active. When tasks go beyond child care, for example, housekeeping or meal preparation, it's good practice to communicate these expectations with your nanny before hiring them. Along with the different duties that you ask for, experience and location can impact how much you should pay your nanny.
Once you start connecting with prospective nannies, the next step is a nanny interview. There are questions for hiring a nanny in a nanny share and testing different scenarios. To make things a bit easier, here's a list of some nanny interview questions to consider asking:
During the hiring process, it's essential to ask for references, and by asking their references questions you gain a better understanding of they will fit in your family. As you get closer to hiring a nanny, be sure to run a background check to ensure your kids are in good hands. When evaluating a prospective nanny, make sure you're setting the foundation for a good relationship with your nanny. You can do this by being clear about your expectations around nanny responsibilities and compensation, and of course, by being friendly and welcoming! And of course, as you learn how to hire a nanny, Nanny Lane's nanny services are here to help you along the way.


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I want to know methods which are fully parallelizable on CUDA architecture. I have implemented the Jacobi and Conjugate Gradient methods and now Im thinking about the Bi-Conjugate gradient method. I was using the cublas library to simplify some basic algebra operations. Someone said me that Gauss-Seidel is semi-parallelizable. I am new on CUDA, so I cannot understand some issues in the Cholesky descomposition or Gaussian-Elimination papers like:
I can't understand the new algorithms, so I am saying that I have to use the classic numerical algorithms(I am not able to "create" that kind of algorithms), something like.
The point is, does there exist any "theory" about parallelizing of those algorithms? Because it was easy for me the Jacobi parallelization and conjugate gradient methods, there was some saxpy and gemv operations inside the algorithms.
For example in the Cholesky's case the inner loop depends of the first, how we can solve this?
for k = 1 to n... for j = k + 1 to n
PS: I always developed the algorithms on C++ and from there I started to parallelizing process( it means the process of "discovering" how to parallelize )


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If you are thinking of bringing interactivity to the reports in Excel, you may have come across the need for having a simple drop-down list or a more complex cascading drop-down list (i.e., a drop-down list whose values are dependent on the value already selected in another drop-down).
Example Scenario: For example, say, you have a list of categories and sub-categories of some food items as below:
Challenge: From the above example, when a category is selected, say, "Fresh Fruits", corresponding list of fresh fruits (i.e., "Apples", "Oranges", "Mangoes" and "Bananas") should only be made available in the sub-categories drop-down list for further selection. Similarly, when "Vegetables" is selected in "Categories" drop-down, only corresponding list of vegetables (i.e., "Spinach", "Potatoes" and "Tomatoes") should be made available in "Sub-Categories" drop-down list. The same continues for the rest of the categories too, like below:
Cascading or Dependent Drop-Down Lists output using Data Validation
Solution: One way of solving this challenge is by using "Named Ranges", built-in function named "INDIRECT" and "Data Validation Tool" in Excel.
Step:1. Extract the list of unique categories and each of the lists of unique sub-categories into a sheet (preferably a separate sheet from the one that is expected to have the drop-downs).
Step: 2. Define names for each of the lists created in step:1: Name the list of categories as "Categories". Name the lists of sub-categories with their corresponding value from the list of categories. i.e., name range having the list of vegetables as "Vegetables", range having the list of "Fresh Fruits" as "FreshFruits" (note that the space between the words is removed as spaces are not allowed in the names of named ranges). Continue the same for the rest of the lists of sub-categories.
Step:3. Building the drop-down list for Categories: Select the cell in the desired sheet where you need the "Categories" drop-down. Then,
invoke "Data Validation" dialogue from "Data Tools" group in "Data" ribbon tab. In the "Settings" tab of the dialogue, select "List" under "Validation criteria" drop-down to refer to a list of values that are to be shown in the desired drop-down list; then type "=Categories" under "Source" to show the list of values in the range of cells that have been given the name "Categories" in step:1.
Step:4. Building the cascading drop-down list for each of the Sub-Categories: Select the cell offset by one or two cells below the categories drop-down in the same sheet where "Categories" drop-down list is built. Then, invoke "Data Validation" dialogue from "Data Tools" group in "Data" ribbon tab. in "Settings" tab of the dialogue, select "List" under "Validation criteria" drop-down to refer to a list of values that are to be shown in the drop-down list;
Now to show only the sub-categories that fall under a selected category, you just need mention the name of the range that has only the said sub-categories. i.e., you can just specify the value selected in the "Categories" list as is, as you have already ensured to name the ranges related to the sub-categories with the corresponding values from "Categories" drop-down in Step:2. This can be done by simply referencing the cell that receives the value when a category is selected.
However, such cell reference only returns textual value. In order let Excel treat such textual value to be a named range, you need to enclose it in "INDIRECT" function.
Also remember that we removed any embedded spaces in the Category values when they are used as names of the ranges containing the corresponding list of sub-categories. In this example, name for range containing the sub-categories belonging to "Fresh Fruits" category has been given after removing the embedded space as "FreshFruits". Similarly, "Dry Fruits" turned to become "DryFruits". This means, you need to remove any such spaces in the "Category" values before treating them as named ranges using "SUBSTITUTE" function.
So, if the cell that receives the selected "Category" in your sheet is "K15" then type "=INDIRECT(SUBSTITUTE($K$15, " ", ""))" under "Source" in "Settings" tab of the "Data Validation" dialogue invoked for "Sub-Categories" drop-down.
Now just click "Ok" in "Data Validation" dialogue and see the magic work..!!