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Lernstift Pen is a self-correcting pen, and it will vibrate each time you make a mistake, while warning you about errors. This pen can be perfect for teachers, especially if they don't have enough time to monitor all of their students. In order to inform you about your errors, this pen uses sophisticated technology that recognizes all writing movements. There are two modes available: 'Calligraphy Mode' and 'Orthography Mode', and the first mode is used to find flaws in form and legibility, while the 'Orthography Mode' is used to find grammatical and spelling errors.
Lernstift Pen will be useful for students, and although this device sounds impressive, so far, we have no information regarding the price or availability.


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The Dynamic Effects of Bundling as a Product Strategy
MetadataShow full item record
CitationDerdenger, Timothy, and Vineet Kumar. "The Dynamic Effects of Bundling as a Product Strategy." Marketing Science (forthcoming).
AbstractSeveral key questions in bundling have not been empirically examined: Is mixed bundling more effective than pure bundling or pure components? Does correlation in consumer valuations make bundling more or less effective? Does bundling serve as a complement or substitute to network effects? To address these questions, we develop a consumer-choice model from micro-foundations to capture the essentials of our setting, the handheld video game market. We provide a framework to understand the dynamic, long-term impacts of bundling on demand. The primary explanation for the profitability of bundling relies on homogenization of consumer valuations for the bundle, allowing the firm to extract more surplus. We find bundling can be effective through a novel and previously unexamined mechanism of dynamic consumer segmentation, which operates independent of the homogenization effect, and can in fact be stronger when the homogenization effect is weaker. We also find that bundles are treated as separate products (distinct from component products) by consumers. Sales of both hardware and software components decrease in the absence of bundling, and consumers who had previously purchased bundles might delay purchases, resulting in lower revenues. We also find that mixed bundling dominates pure bundling and pure components in terms of both hardware and software revenues. Investigating the link between bundling and indirect network effects, we find that they act as substitute strategies, with a lower relative effectiveness for bundling when network effects are stronger.
Citable link to this pagehttp://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:_PHONE_
- HBS Scholarly Articles

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Province distribution : Balearic Islands.
Distribution in the islands : Mallorca.
General distribution : Mediterranean
Flowering time : May. June. July. August. September. October.
Life-forms : Geophyte.
Habitat : Torrents.
IUCN Category : Poco preocupante
Characteristics : A climbing plant with large sagitate leaves, very showy white flowers that are funnelshaped when open. Can be distinguished from other species of the genus Ipomoea as the rest the bracteoles of the calyx are narrow instead instead of being wide and folioceous. Confusion may also arise with the subspecies sepium, which has slightly more sagittate leaves and in addition, the calyx bracteoles are not superimposed or only slightly, while for C. sepium subsp. silvatica they are neatly superimposed.
Observations : Generally lives in torrents and reedbeds, in the Balearic Islands the fructification has not been observed (to the contrary of the subspecies subsp. Sepium) and for that reason we believe that the species has been introduced.
Status : Alien species.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Definition of Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty
Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty: A type of operation designed to tighten up flabby tissues and enlarge the upper air passages. The operation involves reshaping the uvula (uvulo-), soft palate (-palato-) and throat (-pharyngo-).
The uvula is a small piece of soft tissue that can be seen dangling down from the soft palate over the back of the tongue. The uvula is described variously shaped like a U, a tear or a grape. (Its name comes from the Latin word for "grape," uva.) The uvula has its own little muscle, the musculus uvuae, to help it stiffen and change shape, so it helps fill in the space at the back of the throat. It helps keep food from going down the wrong way down the breathing passage when one swallows. Singers credit the uvula with letting them produce a vibrato, a wavy up-and-down sound.
The uvula is one of the soft-tissue structures commonly blamed for snoring and for sleep apnea (a break in breathing during sleep). Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty is a treatment for these conditions.Source: MedTerms™ Medical Dictionary
Last Editorial Review: 6/14/2012
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Image: Intestinal Bacteria
- D. Colgan
- © Australian Museum
There are many forms of bacteria, which gain their energy in a variety of ways.
Some bacteria are autotrophic, making their own food in a similar way to plants by splitting carbon dioxide using energy from the sun, or through the oxidation of elements such as nitrogen and sulphur.
Bacteria involved in the decomposition of animal bodies are heterotrophic, breaking down complex molecules into their constituent elements through respiration or fermentation (depending on whether they are aerobic or anaerobic bacteria). Bacteria are largely responsible for the recycling of carbon, nitrogen and sulphur into forms where they can be taken up by plants.
For example, heterotrophic bacteria like Bacillus decompose proteins, releasing ammonia, which is oxidised by other bacteria into nitrogen dioxide, and eventually into nitrate. Nitrate can be assimilated by plants as a source of nitrogen.


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The King's English is Kingsley Amis's authoritative and witty guide to the use and abuse of the English language. A scourge of illiteracy and a thorn in the side of pretension, Amis provides indispensable advice about the linguistic blunders and barbarities that lie in wait for us, from danglers, four-letter words to jargon and even Welsh rarebit. If you have ever wondered whether it's acceptable to start a sentence with 'and', to boldly split an infinitive, or to cross your sevens in the French style, Amis has the answer - or a trenchant opinion. By turns reflective, acerbic and provocative, The King's English is for anyone who cares about how the English language is used.With a new introduction by Kingsley Amis's son, the novelist Martin Amis.
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Economics > Theoretical Economics
Title: Functional Decision Theory in an Evolutionary Environment
Authors: Noah Topper
Abstract: Functional decision theory (FDT) is a fairly new mode of decision theory and a normative viewpoint on how an agent should maximize expected utility. The current standard in decision theory and computer science is causal decision theory (CDT), largely seen as superior to the main alternative evidential decision theory (EDT). These theories prescribe three distinct methods for maximizing utility. We explore how FDT differs from CDT and EDT, and what implications it has on the behavior of FDT agents and humans. It has been shown in previous research how FDT can outperform CDT and EDT. We additionally show FDT performing well on more classical game theory problems and argue for its extension to human problems to show that its potential for superiority is robust. We also make FDT more concrete by displaying it in an evolutionary environment, competing directly against other theories.
Subjects: Theoretical Economics (econ.TH); Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
Cite as: arXiv:2005.05154 [econ.TH]
 (or arXiv:2005.05154v2 [econ.TH] for this version)
Submission history
From: Noah Topper [view email]
[v1] Wed, 6 May 2020 19:38:54 GMT (2578kb)
[v2] Mon, 26 Apr 2021 16:59:57 GMT (2679kb)
Link back to: arXiv, form interface, contact.


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While Apple has designed your iPhone to remain within safe temperatures when charging wirelessly, excessive heat can slow down your iPhone's charging speed or, worse, degrade its battery life. If your iPhone gets too hot on a wireless or MagSafe charger, follow the steps listed in this guide to prevent it from overheating.
Why does a Wireless or MagSafe charger heat up my iPhone?
Wireless chargers are fundamentally inefficient due to their reliance on inductive charging, leading to heat generation while charging. With the push for faster wireless charging speeds, Apple introduced MagSafe in 2020. This novel wireless charging solution used magnets to align the charging coils of an iPhone and MagSafe charger for faster charging speeds.
However, faster speeds require higher currents, causing heat to build up. Apple's MagSafe charger for iPhone takes a whopping 27 watts from the wall to provide an iPhone with just 15 watts of charging power. That's 3 watts of power released as heat.
Wireless and MagSafe chargers lacking an active fan for cooling will slowly warm up over time and, in turn, heat up your iPhone. This is why the iPhone 12 and 13 Mini are limited to 12W charging through MagSafe, as their small form factor has a reduced surface area for dissipating heat into the atmosphere.
Signs that your iPhone is overheating while Charging Wirelessly
Apple defined the maximum safe temperature for an iPhone to be 45º C. When charging an iPhone with a wireless charger or MagSafe, a warning message will be displayed stating that your iPhone needs to cool down if it exceeds this temperature. Once the temperature warning message is displayed, you cannot use your iPhone until it cools down.
However, you don't need to wait for this message to know if your iPhone is overheating. Look out for the following signs to see if wireless charging is heating your iPhone too much:
- Charging on hold notification: If your iPhone stops charging, check for the Charging on Hold notification if it runs iOS 16 or later.
- Degraded performance: Your iPhone feels sluggish with slow animations, and apps take too long to load or crash.
- Reduced charging speed: Your iPhone takes too long to charge or starts losing charge, even on a MagSafe or fast wireless charger.
- The display dims or goes black.
- The mobile signal becomes weaker: When an iPhone gets hot, the cellular radio's power is turned down, resulting in a weaker cell signal.
- Wireless charger disconnects: If present, the charging indicator light on your wireless charger changes color, blinking, or turns off.
How to stop an iPhone from getting hot on a MagSafe or Wireless charger: 10 Steps to Try out
Time needed: 10 minutes
Now that you've identified why your iPhone is overheating on a wireless or MagSafe charger, you can try the following steps to fix it. The fixes laid out are pretty straightforward and can be completed in minutes. Let us know in the comments below if you still face any issues, and we'll gladly provide any assistance.
- Check to see if the MagSafe or wireless charger itself is overheating.
There are several reasons why your wireless or MagSafe charger itself can be a source of excessive heat. Faulty components and cables, misaligned charging coils, and foreign objects are some of the few factors that can cause your iPhone to get too hot. Those with a wireless charger can consider following the tips listed in this guide to prevent it from overheating. We have a separate article for MagSafe users with appropriate steps for fixing heating-related issues.
- Make sure you are on the latest version of iOS.
If you suddenly noticed issues with your iPhone getting hot on wireless or MagSafe charging, it could be an issue with the current iOS build. Apple is generally quite fast in releasing updates that fix problems with overheating, so make sure to update to the latest versions. Open or Developer Beta builds have a higher chance of charging issues due to their unfinished nature.
- Take off the case from your iPhone while charging.
Cases can add to the gap between the charging coils on your iPhone and the wireless charger. A large gap can decrease the charging speed of a wireless charger and lead to greater heat being generated on your iPhone. MagSafe users can use a MagSafe-compatible case but must remove it if the heating issue is unresolved. Remove any MagSafe accessories like the Apple Wallet too.
- Do not charge your iPhone overnight on a wireless or MagSafe charger.
Although it may be the most convenient option to place near your bedstand, charging your iPhone on a wireless or MagSafe-compatible charging pad is a bad idea if it tends to get hot. Leaving an iPhone unsupervised overnight can cause it to get into a cycle where it first charges, gets too hot, stops charging, lose charge, and finally start charging again. As discussed below, leaving it overnight in this state can severely damage your iPhone's battery.
- Check for damage on your iPhone.
A cracked back glass or bent frame can impair the ability of your iPhone to charge from a wireless charger. Remove any attached cases to check for damage or bending.
- Avoid using performance-intensive apps and games.
Running heavy applications in your iPhone on a wireless charger is not a good idea, as it can push the SoC inside, releasing excessive amounts of heat. Although MagSafe makes it possible to play games while charging wirelessly, it is not recommended, as overheating can leave you with a laggy and crash-prone gaming experience.
- Do not take long calls and download large files over the mobile network while charging wirelessly.
Performing tasks that use your iPhone's cellular radio can cause it to get warm while charging wirelessly, especially with the 5G antennas found in the latest iPhones. Charge your device beforehand or resort to wired charging if you want to go on a long call or download a large file over the mobile network.
- Charge your iPhone in a cooler environment.
Placing your wireless charger in warm environments is sufficient to heat up an iPhone charging on it. Some examples include the interior of a car in direct sunlight or your laptop's exhaust.
- Consider purchasing a new wireless or MagSafe charger
If none of the steps listed above don't resolve your iPhone's issue, consider replacing your wireless charger. If you have a spare lying around, make sure to test out your iPhone on it.
A common cause of overheating lies in the inability of the wireless charger to dispel heat effectively away from your iPhone. Investing in a wireless charger with an active cooling fan can help prevent heat from building up in your iPhone.
- Take it in for service.
If your iPhone still exhibits symptoms of overheating, then there could be an underlying issue that needs to be investigated. Take your iPhone to a nearby service center along with the wireless charger you use to get them checked out by a technician.
Will an iPhone Heating up on a Wireless Charger or MagSafe be damaged?
Maintaining an iPhone at elevated temperatures for an extended time can adversely affect components like the battery.
Exposure to excessive heat can degrade a battery in two ways: capacity fade and power fade. Capacity fade causes the battery to lose its charge capacity over time, causing your phone to run out of charge quickly. Power fade reduces the power supplied by your iPhone battery, causing it to crash or shut down intermittently.
You can check the battery health of your iPhone by going to Settings > Battery> Battery Health & Charging. The Maximum Capacity gives information on the capacity fade, while Peak Performance Capacity lets you know if excessive power fade exists.
If the Maximum capacity is below 80% or the Peak Performance Capacity section indicates that Performance Management is being applied, your battery may have been affected by getting too hot during wireless charging. We recommend replacing your iPhone's battery at this stage.
We hope this guide resolved any overheating issues while charging an iPhone on a wireless charger. If you found this guide helpful, feel free to share it. Let us know in the comments section below if you still face issues, and we will try our best to resolve them promptly.


Distance Murmansk Mainz. Directions, total distances, average speed, travel time, calculate cost and fuel consumption
Road distance Murmansk Mainz
The total distance represents the road distance in km or miles between Murmansk and Mainz. Initially this is displayed in km but you can always change it using the settings (by selecting the distance in miles or the distance in km):
Average speed
The average speed for the route Murmansk - Mainz is calculated by taking into account the speed limit on each road segment as well as their length.
Travel time
The time required for a car to travel the distance between Murmansk and Mainz, taking into account the speed allowed for each road segment.
Time of arrival
The time of arrival in Mainz is calculated considering that you are departing immediately from Murmansk It takes into account the total travel time.
Fuel price
Total consumption
It represents total fuel (in liters or gallons) needed to travel the road distance from Murmansk to Mainz.
Calculate a new route
Addresses containing a street number: - 10 Street Name, Murmansk
points of interest: - ATM Murmansk or Hotel Name, Mainz
postal codes: - 012345


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An aphelion is an event when a celestial body orbits around the sun at its farthest range. A perihelion is the opposite of aphelion when the celestial objects move around the Sun at its closest range. Any celestial object that orbits around the Sun will experience both Aphelion and perihelion at a certain period of time. Their difference may vary depending on the peculiarity if the object" orbit.
It's a false notion that earth revolves around the Sun. The earth has its own elliptical orbit that makes it eccentricity very low as.0167 compared to Mercury with.2056 eccentricity.
Aphelion occurs in the Northern hemisphere's summer and July. It moves around 30 minutes ever year accompanied a 21,000 year cycle. This means Earth's aphelion falls in the Southern Hemisphere's summer.
Earth's distance from the Sun during perihelion is approximately 91 million miles (147 million kilometers). At aphelion, Earth's distance is 95 million (152 million kilometers). This approximated distance will vary slightly as compared to many objects that orbits around the Sun.
Astronomers use the formulas of astronomical units (AU); Each AU represents the mean distance of the Sun from the Earth. Astronomers draw maps the paths that a mass of objects are tracked with their orbits around the Sun. These charts are found in the Atlases and Science textbooks, depicting the orbits each planet with their elliptical distance. The charts they made also depicted the future occurrences of aphelion and perihelion.


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Sports dentistry is one of the most recent and promising field in dentistry. It mainly includes the prevention and management of athletics-related orofacial injuries and associated oral diseases. The sports or team dentist assists athletes in the prevention, treatment, and diagnosis of oral injuries.
WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF MOUTHGUARDS?
The single most important value of a mouth guard is the concussion saving effect following the impact to the lower jaw.
- The mouth guards serve as shock absorbers to prevent damage to the brain!
- They protect against neck injuries
- They protect the teeth
WHERE SPORTS DENTISTRY SHOULD BE IMPLEMENTED?
- National teams


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Kent ISD coordinates Safety, Violence & Bully Prevention Education services for Kent, Ionia and Montcalm Counties.
Saftey Education is part of the Michigan Model for Health for students K-12. The materials and lesson plans were guided by the Centers for Disease Control and aligned with national and state standards. The curriculum is part of the Michigan recommended school curriculum for students K-12. Professional development, technical assistance and resources are available for participating schools.
Bully Prevention is a new state mandate requiring schools to provide instruction in the following: how to define and identify characteristics of a bully, how to avoid bullying situations, and proactive management of a bullying situation. The law provides a framework for educators to identify curriculum that meets the needs of the individual districts. The Michigan Model for Health offers lessons to meet the state mandate.
Reproductive Health Institute
The Reproductive Health Institute, sponsored by Kent ISD, promotes the development of positive relationships, prevention of sexual assault and violence.
Capturing Kids' Hearts
Capturing Kids' Hearts is a teaching and learning process designed to build relationships and high performing teams. The program promotes safe classrooms, schools and bully prevention. The strategies hold students and educators accountable for their attitudes and behaviors. For information on Capturing Kids Hearts, contact, Steve Dieleman, _EMAIL_
For more information visit _URL_
For more information on safety curriculum, reproductive health education and bully prevention, contact Dr. Cheryl Blair, _EMAIL_


All posts tagged: Ruby Wax
The Mindfulness Revolution
No doubt you've heard the word Mindfulness being thrown around a lot recently, it's the Number One wellbeing buzzword and everyone from Ruby Wax to Goldie Hawn is singing its praises. But what is Mindfulness and why is it so beneficial? In essence, Mindfulness is purposefully paying attention and being aware in the present moment. Intentionally observing (but not clinging onto) your thoughts and feelings without judgement. This can be experienced at any moment, in any situation, but is best practised in a quiet room without distractions. Meditation is a great way to begin learning the Art of Mindfulness, just 10 minutes every day (preferably at the same time each morning) can make a big difference. What does Mindfulness actually do? Mindfulness improves focus and levels of concentration. Two incredibly important skills in this information age when we're continually bombarded with enormous amounts of information and endless digital distractions. Mindfulness provides clarity of thought. In essence, once you slow down your mind and begin to understand the landscape of your thoughts and feelings in more …
Ruby Wax: Sane New World
I recently discovered a fantastic Ted Talk on Mental illness by comedy legend Ruby Wax. Notorious for her writing and comedy sketches, she recently gained a Masters from Oxford University in Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy and has become an avid mental health campaigner. This 8 minute talk covers Ruby's own experiences of mental health, being institutionalised, finding her tribe and discussing how ill equipped we are for life in the 21st Century. WATCH HER TED TALK HERE. Ruby is currently on a UK tour with her new show Ruby Wax: Sane New World – an extension of this TED talk. You can also catch her at the St. James Theatre in Victoria next March.


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With advances in information technology, information systems development is moving toward a high degree of customization, which has resulted in increasingly complex software projects. Capability maturity model integration (CMMI) is a commonly used software process improvement (SPI) method that is intended to provide a common framework to support the integration of specific capability maturity models into different areas of expertise. This framework provides systems and software engineering processes to support the guiding principles of the organization implementing the integration. CMMI adoption is an important investment for a software company to ensure service/product quality and to enhance competitiveness (Bower & Walker, 2007; Chrissis, Konrad, & Shrum, 2003). The CMMI framework aims to improve the processes and results of highly structured, large, and complex projects and represents an important organizational change activity (Niazi, Wilson, & Zowghi, 2005a); its adoption involves business strategy, leadership, business culture, and information technology (Geoghegan & Dulewicz, 2008; Oza, Hall, Rainer, & Grey, 2006). A software development process can become applicable to enterprises only in relation to organizational change. Exploring CMMI adoption is thus a complex topic that involves change management (Niazi et al., 2005a; Ramanujan & Kesh, 2004).
When exploring organizational change, it is important to grasp the before-and-after context and the time course of the proposed change (Pettigrew, 1985). Traditional organizational change investigations have primarily focused on analyzing a single perspective, such as a leader's behavior, the work design, or knowledge creation (Cowan-Sahadath, 2010; Rehman, 2011; Tarasovich & Lyons, 2011). Less attention has been paid to the views of organizational communities during the process of adopting the change (Goksoy, Ozsoy, & Vayvay, 2012; Tarasovich & Lyons, 2011). Studies have also ignored the interaction between the before-and-after context and the time course of the change (Buchanan et al., 2005; Pettigrew, 1985). To conduct a more systematic organizational change analysis and to clarify the complex relationship between events, there must be an analytical framework with which to explore the context of CMMI adoption. Although previous CMMI adoption process studies have explored critical success factors (CSFs) (Niazi, Wilson, & Zowghi, 2005b), discussed the software development process from the SPI perspective, or identified CMMI certification specifications (e.g., Coleman & O'Connor, 2007; Hsueh, Shen, Yang, & Yang, 2008), few studies have explored change from an organizational perspective, and even fewer have considered the relationship between the CMMI adoption time course and the activities of organizations and employees.
Activity theory is a theoretical framework that utilizes human activities as the basic unit of psychological analysis to study the interaction between human psychological development and social factors (Vygotsky, 1978). Engeström (1987) incorporated a general model as an expanded activity theory into a triangle model that incorporates the subject, object, and community components; tools, rules, and the division of labor were added to the triangle model as mediators that reflect the collective and collaborative nature of human activity. The activity triangle model has prompted the genesis of a research method that investigates the mediated relationship between subject, object, and the community, and reflects the collective and collaborative nature of human activities. Activity theory has also been employed as the theoretical background in discussing education, digital learning, job design, and organization learning fields (Aalst & Hill, 2006; Karasavvidis, 2009; Liaw, Hatala, & Huang, 2010) and is useful in analyzing the phenomenon of employee–organization interaction (Engeström, 1999, 2000). Grounded in activity theory and focusing on the activities of organizational members, this study explored organizational change during CMMI adoption while considering employee–organization interaction to understand the context and implementation of change. In revising activity theory, this study provided a "multi-faceted research orientation" and incorporated reorganizing artifacts; in other words, it sought to understand the cooperation of subject, object, and community within the time dynamic (Mwanza, 2001), which resulted in the modified activity theory (MAT) that is proposed in this study.
The subject of study was a representative software company ("A") in Taiwan. The investigation was performed after a two-phase CMMI adoption consisting of CMMI maturity level 2 (ML2) and maturity level 3 (ML3). Comparing the change events in the two phases was the analytical basis for the case study. The modified activity theory model that included the time course enabled the study of CMMI adoption in the time and space of the organization and society, which showed the connection of related factors in time and space and clarified the before-and-after relationship and related activities of the events. Thus, the purpose of this study is to perform a systematic framework analysis based on MAT, complemented by a dynamic time axis to explore the change activities during CMMI adoption in a software company, and to summarize the implications of the changes for practitioners and academics.
The remainder of this study is organized as follows: In the first section we review previous studies on CMMI and organizational change; the second section describes activity theory; the third section explains the research methodology; the fourth section describes the case study; the fifth reports the findings; and the sixth and final section presents a discussion and the implications of our study.


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"Which Starbucks Drink Are You?" "What Role Would You Play in a Disney Movie?" "Which 'Friends' Character Are You Least Like?" These are the deep existential questions posed on websites like BuzzFeedand PlayBuzz. My Facebook and Twitter feeds are continuously flooded by friends posting their quiz results, and the market researcher in me can't help compare them to the segmentationwork that we do at CMB every day.
So let's take a closer look at a few of the basic concepts segmentations share with Buzzfeed quizzes and learn why I'm not too worried about losing my job to BuzzFeed writers just yet:
- You answer a predetermined set of questions. In the Starbucks drink quiz, you might be asked to identify your favorite color or your ideal vacation spot, even though these questions have nothing to do with Starbucks. At CMB, we focus on the product or service category at hand, we make sure we include questions that measure real customer needs. That way, we know our final solution will have implications in driving customer behavior. It's much easier to see the relevance of a solution when the questions we ask have face validity.
- You are assigned to a group based on your answers. While I don't know exactly what happens on the back end of a BuzzFeed quiz, there must be some basic algorithm that determines whether you are a Double Chocolaty Chip Frappuccino or Very Berry Hibiscus Refresher. However, as far as I know, the rules behind this algorithm are entirely made up by the author of the quiz, probably based on hours hanging out at their local Starbucks. When we conduct a market segmentation study, we typically use a nationally representative sample, which allows our clients to see how large the segments are and what true opportunities exist in the market. We also ensure that we end up with a set of clearly distinct segments that are both statistically solid and useful so that our clients can feel confident implementing the results.
- Each group is associated with certain traits. When your quiz results pop up, they usually come with a brief explanation of what the results mean. If you are an Iced Caramel Macchiato, for example, you're successful, honest, and confident. But, if you are a Passion Iced Tea, you are charismatic and hilarious. As a standard part of our segmentation studies, CMB delivers an in-depth look at key measures for each segment, such as demographics, brand preference, and usage, to demonstrate what makes them unique, and how they can be reached. We tailor these profiles to meet the needs of the client, so that they can be used to solve real business problems. For example, the sales team could use these segmentation results to personalize each pitch to a particular type of prospect, the creative team could target advertisements to key customer groups, or finance managers could ensure that budgets are being directed towards those with whom they will be most effective.
I'll be the first person to admit that personality quizzes are a great way to waste some free time and maybe even learn something new about yourself. But what's really fun is taking the same basic principles and using them to help real businesses make better decisions. After all, a segmentation is only useful when it is used, and that is why we make our segmentation solutions dynamic, living things to be reapplied and refreshed as often as needed to keep them actionable.
Amy Maret is a Project Manager at CMB with a slight addiction to personality quizzes. In case you were curious, she is an Espresso Macchiato, would play a Princess in a Disney movie, and is least like Ross from Friends.
Download our latest report: The Power of Social Currency, and let us show you how Social Currency can enable brand transformation:
And check out our interactive dashboard for a sneak peek of Social Currency by industry:


Stress during pregnancy can make exposure to smoking and air pollution worse
Pregnancy involves a certain amount of stress, but if it gets too bad, hormones like cortisol and adrenaline can have lasting effect on mother and baby.
More evidence of the harmful effects of stress comes from a pregnancy study. California researchers found that stress increases the risk that exposure to toxic chemicals in pregnancy will lead to a low birth weight baby.
"It appears that stress may amplify the health effects of toxic chemical exposure, which means that for some people, toxic chemicals become more toxic," said senior author Tracey Woodruff, a professor of obstetrics, gynaecology and reproductive sciences at the University of California, San Francisco.
The strongest connection involved smoking. High-stress women who smoked were about twice as likely to have a low birth weight baby as low-stress smokers, the researchers said in a UC Berkeley news release. Babies who are small for their gestational age can have serious health problems. The effects of air pollution on pregnant women were also magnified by stress, the researchers said.
Woodruff and colleagues at UC Berkeley reviewed 17 human and 22 animal studies that investigated the links between chemicals, stress and foetal development.
Increased risk of asthma and eczema
The review found that several toxic chemicals commonly found in the environment had a much greater impact on pregnant women if they had high levels of stress. The researchers measured stress by factors such as socioeconomic levels and years of education.
The researchers did not examine how stress and chemicals might interact to increase the risk of having a low birth weight baby. Nor can the study actually prove stress was the causative factor. The study was published in the journal PLOS ONE.
A previous Health24 article referred to another study, suggesting that stress during pregnancy can be linked to an increased risk of asthma and eczema. The researchers found that the likelihood of having asthma or eczema as a teenager was higher among children of mothers who experienced stressful life events during the second half of their pregnancies.
Here are some practical tips on how to manage stress and anxiety during pregnancy:
 - Get enough sleep.
 - Try deep-breathing stretch exercises such as gentle yoga.
 - Incorporate low-impact cardiovascular exercise such as walking and swimming.
 - Eat a well-balanced, healthy diet to replenish your energy levels and overall well-being.
Read more:
Healthy lifestyle can lower the risk of gestational diabetes
Antidepressants during pregnancy have their benefits
Depression in pregnancy tied to preterm delivery
We live in a world where facts and fiction get blurred
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Speak Free: Freedom of expression
"If these feelings of disgust all over the world could be united into common action, something effective could be done."
Peter Benenson, Amnesty founder, 1961 Amnesty was founded 50 years ago to fight for the fundamental right to freedom of expression and to combat abuses of people who dare to speak out. We hope these resources enable you to inspire a new generation to make a difference.
Download resources | Read about the launch
Thank you to everyone who entered our competition to design a sticker to inspire a new generation to become human rights defenders.
5 mins, an assembly, one lesson? However long you've got we've got resources you can use
Order the pack | Feedback + win a camera
WANT TO DO MORE?
I'm a teacher
I'm a student
How can my school get involved in Amnesty's 50th year?
|Politics and literature join forces to launch Amnesty freedom of expression resource at Swansea school|
On 10 November the Welsh Children's Poet Laureate and an Assembly Minister attended the UK launch at Bishopston School. Press release | photos
Join TeachRights our network of 4000 teachers
Email _EMAIL_ or call +44 (0)20 7033 1596.


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This Robot's Offspring Will Clean Your Future Home
- 6:36 PM
Bossa Nova Robotics has developed a robot that the company says is "the first step towards the creation of a 21st century personal robotics platform for everyday consumers." It's called Project mObi, and instead of wheels or even bipedal legs, it uses a sphere for locomotion.
This "ballbot" approach is based on technology patented by Carnegie Mellon's Robotics Institute. The robot balances and moves around on a sphere at its base, which lets it navigate deftly through human environments and means it can have a slimmer profile. I think it gives the robot prototype a kind of Rosie from The Jetsons look. Or maybe a Dyson vacuum cleaner.
mObi stands 4 feet, 9 inches tall and is 19 inches at its widest point. Up top it uses a tablet as a head, and that blue circle on its body is its "Emotive Light Array," which looks like it could be used for signaling what state or mode it's in. It can run Windows or ROS, the open source Robot Operating System.
You won't be seeing mObi inside homes and businesses anytime soon, though. The robot will first be available to developers and researchers in 2013. In the meantime, if you want something robotic wheeling around your office you'll just have to settle for a telepresence device like the Beam.
via IEEE Spectrum


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Michigan Jewry During Depression and War
June 20 - September 23, 2012
The Great Depression and World War II had significant impact on every American during that era. American Jews had a unique experience. While many enjoyed success and popularity, they were also aware that anti-Semitism was an ever-present threat. The rise of Nazi Germany and the horrors of the Holocaust were further sources of stress.
Uneasy Years: Michigan Jewry During Depression and War explores the dilemmas and successes of Michigan Jews during the decades of the 1930s and 1940s. The exhibit's photographs explore how Jews, many of whom were recent immigrants or refugees, adjusted to American life, made it through the Great Depression, and participated in the American war effort.
A series of oral history interviews with members of the Kalamazoo Jewish community brings a local dimension to the exhibit. Artifacts reflecting local religious observances will also be on display.
This traveling exhibit was made possible with financial support from the Congregation Shaarey Zedek of East Lansing, Michigan State University Jewish Studies Program, Michigan State University Museum, the Michigan Humanities Council, the Ben Teitle Foundation, the Michigan Council for Arts and Cultural Affairs, and private donors.


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The effects of a goal-oriented syllabus on college-bound English as a second language (ESL) students
Kauffman, Donna Carey
MetadataShow full item record
The purpose of this study was to propose optimal syllabus component guidelines for college-preparatory English as a Second Language (ESL) courses. The procedural problem of this study was to analyze the effects of specificity of syllabus content on college-bound ESL student performance. The population of this study consisted of 25 students enrolled in a Low Intermediate writing class at a mid-sized university's English language institute. Thirteen students were randomly assigned to an experimental group and twelve students to a control group. The experimental group was four males and nine females with the average age of 22.8 years. Nationalities were Japanese (4), Korean (4), Bolivian (1), Moroccan (1), and Venezuelan (1). In the control group were two males and ten females with an average age of 21.81. Nationalities were Japanese (5), Korean (4), Ecuadorian (1), Jordanian (1), and Panamanian (1). Students in the experimental group were assigned a highly-specific CourseBuildingâ ¢ syllabus consisting of course goals, and performance objectives, student deliverables at the beginning of the Fall term. Students in the control group were given a non-specific Institute syllabus consisting of homework assignments and due dates. In addition to the independent variable of specificity of syllabus content, as illustrated by the CourseBuildingâ ¢ and Institute syllabi, three dependent variables were also examined. The first was student performance in ESL as measured by the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) and class grades. The second was student and instructor perception of necessity and importance of syllabus components as measured by scores on the researcherdeveloped Syllabus Analysis Scale (SAS) and by structured interviews of students and instructors. The third dependent variable was student satisfaction with the course, as measured by the SAS and interviews. The study revealed the following statistically significant outcomes at the p<.05 level: that students in the experimental group felt that the course met their needs better than did the students in the control group; and that students in the experimental group reported using their syllabus less often than did the students in the control group. From non-significant findings and interview and class observation results, it was concluded that students desire a high degree of syllabus-component specificity. Data from the SAS' scale revealed that a combination CourseBuildingâ ¢/Institute syllabus best suited the needs of the students.
- Doctoral Dissertations


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In 1900, The Prohibition Act, sometimes called the "Scott Act", and described as "An Act Prohibiting the Sale of Intoxicating Liquor", was passed by the Provincial Legislature.
This Act replaced all previous legislation dealing with liquor and totally prohibited the use or sale of any form of liquor for beverage purposes. It did provide however, for the sale at wholesale, by persons known as "Vendors" to physicians, chemists, druggists, and persons engaged in art or trade in which alcohol was used. The physicians, chemists and druggists could in turn sell the liquor so purchased to any person presenting a physician prescription prescribing liquor for medicinal use.
The enforcement of the Act was in the hands of a Chief Inspector and such other Inspectors as were required. It would appear that these Inspectors had very broad powers to arrest, search and prosecute. It is noted in the minutes of the Council that there was a fairly large turnover in Inspectors. In a number of cases the dismissal would be based on a complaint from the Temperance Alliance or a petition from a community. During this period also, there were a number of disputes between the Alliance and the Government as to the advisability of granting vendors licenses to certain persons or in certain places.
In 1901, a further source of supply was established by an amendment to the Act permitting persons to establish themselves as dealers in liquor and to transact business both within and without the Province. As a result of this amendment, several warehouses were established - to sell to the wholesale Vendors and to export to other points.
Although a number of amendments were made to the Act in ensuing years, it was not until 1918 that any major changes took place. In that year, the Act was completely re-written. It provided for the establishments of a six-member Board of Commissioners to be appointed for a three year term by the Lieutenant-Governor-in-Council to administer the Act. The Commission were given the power to license one wholesale Vendor and as many retail Vendors as were deemed necessary. These retail Vendors were to replace the physicians and druggists who, up to this time had filled the role.
The Vendors were to be paid on a commission basis varying from 10% to 50% with the percentage increasing with the volume. The retail Vendors could sell to any person presenting a prescription 24 oz of wine or spirits or 12 quarts of ale not oftener than once a day. However, this quantity could be doubled if the person lived more than ten miles from the Vendor.
In 1919, an amendment to the Act introduced what came to be known as "Scripts". These were, in effect, pre-printed prescriptions, to be supplied to the physicians by the Prohibited Commission. They were serially numbered and it is believed that the number issued to each physician was controlled as previously there had been no limit to the number of prescriptions a physician could write and abuses were creeping in to the system.
The 1919 Amendment also provided for the holding, in 1920, of a referendum on the whole question of Prohibition. However, the Government changed before the end of the year, and as the incoming Government had campaigned on a Prohibition plank, the referendum was never held.
In 1920, funds were made available to the Commission to be used by the wholesale Vendor for the purchase of liquor. Salaried retail Vendors were established at Charlottetown, Summerside, Montague and Alberton selling at prices set by the Commission.
A list of the six Commissioners in 1920, shows them all to be clergymen.
The Act was again revised in 1928. The six member Commission was abolished and in its place, a new Commission consisting of a Chairman and two members, all salaried, was established. This Commission, like the previous one, was appointed by the Lieutenant-Governor-in-Council. This continued until 1937, when in another revision, the entire operation was placed under the direct control of the Attorney-General.
It was in 1945 however, that an amendment was introduced that marked the beginning of the end of Prohibition. This amendment stated that provided a physician felt that the use of liquor over an extended period would benefit the health of a patient, he could prescribe 26 oz of spirits, or 104 oz of wine, or nine full quarts of ale, to be delivered weekly over a six month period. Upon receiving such a prescription, the patient could exchange it for a warrant which had coupons on it redeemable weekly for the quantity above. These were not accumulative and had to be redeemed on the due date.
This particular amendment was refused Royal Assent at the conclusion of the Session on May 5th, but with the appointment of a new Lieutenant Governor, received the necessary assent in October, and came into effect.
This system prevailed, until a new Act, known as the "Temperance Act" was introduced in the 1948 Session. This Act provided for the repeal of the Prohibition Act and the establishment of a Government Liquor Control System similar to the other Provinces, with the rather curious difference that the Commission to be established to administer the Act, would be known as the "Temperance Commission". Under the Act, residents would require a permit to purchase liquor and a special permit would be available to visitors. The quantity an individual could purchase at any one time remained unchanged. A number of the permits were introduced for other specific uses of liquor. Among these was a permit permitting liquor in messes, canteens, Legion branches and non-profit clubs. The quantity that could be purchased was specified on the permit as were the hours of consumption.
This new Act was subject to the approval of the electorate by means of a plebiscite, held on June 28th, 1948. The result was in favour of the new Act, and the sale of liquor for beverage purposes became legal on July 6th, 1948.
The Temperance Act received a number of amendments in the next thirteen years. Two were of major significance to the public. In 1952, an amendment permitted four weekly rations to be purchased at any one time in the month; and in 1960, all quantity restrictions were removed.
The word "Temperance" finally disappeared in 1961, when the Act became "The Liquor Control Act", and the Commission, "the Liquor Control Commission".
As the result of a case in 1963, the Courts found that the special permits issued to clubs and canteens permitted possession only by the organization and any such liquor could not be re-sold. However, action was withheld until an amendment to the Act was passim in the 1964 Session providing for the regular licensing of premises as practiced in other Provinces. The outstanding special permits were then resigned and applications received and licenses issued to those qualified under the new legislation.
The last major amendment was in 1967, when the Individual and Tourist Permits were abolished.


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Staff Reporter Windhoek-Despite the potential of the regions of Kavango to be the breadbasket of the country, they derive most of their income from other livelihood activities, says the Governor of the Bank of Namibia, Ipumbu Shiimi. Shiimi delivered a paper titled Attaining The Vision of a Breadbasket: The Untapped Potential of the Kavango Regions at the University of Namibia Rundu Campus last Monday. He says the income the regions derive from agriculture is only 13 percent and it thus is important that Namibia addresses the question why the Kavango regions have not been able to realise their potential in agriculture. He says the regions are strategically located in southern Africa, which presents several advantages in terms of trading, tourism and access to the Kavango River and its associated resources. The location provides access to large areas in northern Namibia, south-eastern Angola and access to Zambia, Zimbabwe and Botswana, says Shiimi. This is a combined market of millions of potential consumers. Thus, "it is not acceptable that the Kavango regions that sit on such an important resource of the Okavango Basin are the poorest regions in Namibia. There is a need to expand and exploit the economic value of the basin, not only from the tourism perspective, but agriculture as well." But such expansion and exploitation must be done in a sustainable manner to ensure the preservation of the quality and integrity of the Okavango Basin. As much, it is important in the quest for the maximisation of the value of the Okavango Basin, for the residents of the Kavango regions to be the primary beneficiaries. Shiimi says poor soils, variable climate and distance from the markets are among the main factors contributing to the current situation of agriculture not being a significant source of income to the residents of the two regions. "There is apparently also conflict or competition for land use between crop and livestock production on land close to the river. In addition, land tenure and lack of infrastructure in remote areas are also identified as challenges limiting realisation of the potential of the regions," adds Shiimi. Another important challenge needing addressing is access to finance for agricultural activities, especially in rural areas as limited access to finance particularly for small-scale farmers curbs the potential of agriculture in rural areas, says Shiimi. "Access to finance is not an end in itself, it must be targeted at improving productivity, the harvest, access to markets and increasing resilience to climate variability. "Financial service providers in the Kavango regions need to explore financing from small-scale farmers and develop a range of financial products for agricultural activities," says Shiimi. He adds that these challenges are not insurmountable as poor soils, for example, can be addressed with modern agricultural technologies. He says in fact irrigation should be a mitigating tool to climate variability, adding that currently Namibia does not fully utilise the allowable tapping from the shared resource of the Okavango Basin, which represent the potential of irrigation in the two regions. In terms of access to markets, Shiimi says the two regions are central to large areas for potential markets thus efforts to improve agricultural productivity must be done parallel with investment in infrastructure development. Investment in food storage facilities is also important and in terms of tenure system the situation needs addressing. For the regions to realise their agricultural potential, the youth also need to have a stake in agricultural projects and schemes integrating and targeting the youth. Green scheme initiatives must be so modelled to make residents of the two regions and the youth the primary beneficiaries.
2017-11-14 10:25:54 10 months ago


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The goal for the Senior Firewall Engineer is to ensure the integrity of high availability security infrastructure in order to provide maximum performance and stability for critical applications and services.
The Sr. Firewall Engineer is additionally responsible for providing guidance and mentorship to other Firewall and Networking members.
As the Senior Firewall Engineer your responsibilities will include:
- Supporting the firewalls and security devices within the data system
- Install, support and maintain firewall and other security hardware and software infrastructure according to industry best practices, including firewalls, intrusion detection and prevention devices, and VPN concentrators
- Diagnose advanced problems and solve issues, often under time constraints
- Subject matter expert for the firewall team and consult with other business units when necessary.
- Monitors network performance and implements performance tuning when necessary.
- Create and update documentation utilizing organizational standards to ensure retention and collaboration of knowledge
- Updates job knowledge by participating in educational opportunities; reading professional publications; maintaining personal networks; participating in professional organizations.
- Manage firewall/security systems by establishing and enforcing policies; defining and monitoring access.
- Reporting firewall operational status by gathering, prioritizing information; managing projects.
- Work closely with colleagues to meet team goals and improve processes and practices
This is a W2 only role.
Send updated resume to _EMAIL_.
A little about us:
Founded in 1948, Robert Half (NYSE: RHI) is the world's first and largest specialized staffing services firm.


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Which bring me to another question: Are there any airplane manufacturers making a three engine aircraft? If not - Why? Are there disadvantages that aren't appreciated in today's market?
Why did Airbus, for example, put 4 engines on their 340 instead of three? Matter of fact, why didn't they build a three engine aircraft and call IT
2 engines = A320; 3 engines = A330; 4 engines = A340. Then, you have a your variants within each family


Meridian Music offers piano tuning for home, churches, schools, institutions and businesses in the greater Indianapolis, Carmel and central Indiana area.
Tuning a piano involves taking a wrench (called a tuning hammer) and very precisely adjusting the tension on the 200-250 strings in the piano. Even though pianos only have 88 notes, most of those notes have 3 strings that must all be tuned exactly the same. Even the slightest movement of the tuning pin can change the pitch of the string quite a bit. Skilled piano tuners can easily hear up to 100 steps between two adjacent notes and learning exactly where to set the tension of the string is an art form that takes years to develop.
Dr. John Egan
Chair of Music Department
Saint Joseph College
Call Now Button


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How often are you flexing your brain?
Sound weird? Let me explain.
When you first complete a set of bicep curls, the 15lb. weight might feel heavy. However, if you're working out your upper body every day for several weeks, pretty soon, that 15 lb. weight will feel like a feather.
Your will power needs to be strengthened in the same way. The more reps you do, the stronger your "discipline muscle" gets.
What's a brain rep? Giving your brain a task and following through.
These reps prime the brain to take positive action in the future. By practicing being disciplined with little health habits, your brain will be able to more easily tackle really challenging obstacles.
Forge a Path
Imagine you have to walk through an overgrown field of grass. The first time you navigate from one side of the field to the next, it would be a challenge. You have to forge a path. As you hike to your destination, tall grass tickles your legs, rough underbrush scrapes your shins, and sticks and logs must be moved aside. These obstacles and distractions make the journey a bit tricky. However, after taking that same exact path 50 times, you would form a trail, making it easy to navigate from point A to point B.
This is how your neural (brain) pathways work. The more frequently you choose healthy habits, the easier it will be in the future to take that same action. Your brain will be on healthy habit autopilot.
Conversely, whenever you don't follow through, that inaction breaks down your will power, making it even more challenging to be successful next time. Stop regularly breaking promises to yourself. It's crippling you.
As you work towards building your "will power muscle", start by giving your brain some easy wins. This strategy will help train it without overloading it. Going back to that bicep curl analogy, it is prudent to start with a 15 lb. curl rather than grabbing that 35 lb. dumbbell on your first day in the gym. Build slowly and forge that path.
Here are some little ways to "flex" that will build your brain.
- Getting up after the first time your alarm blares
- Drinking a big glass of water before having coffee
- Avoiding the pastries in the break room
- Stretching while you watch your favorite show at night
- Making your bedroom a screen free zone
By training your brain and making short term sacrifices, you reap amazing long term rewards. When your "discipline muscle" is strong, it positively impacts not only your health but also your finances, career trajectory, relationships, etc.
Discipline doesn't tie you down. Rather it gives you freedom and flexibility down the road. Here are some examples of how daily discipline with your health habits leads to success:
- Better Focus, Creativity, & Productivity: Waking up early, gives you time to exercise. The neurological boost that you get from exercise enables you to focus better during the work day. This brain strengthening routine can have a huge impact on your career.
- Decreased Digestive Distress: Being disciplined to make a brown bag lunch the night before work provides you with several benefits. 1. Your morning is less hectic without lunch prep. 2. Extra time during your lunch hour enables you to eat slowly and therefore help reduce chronic digestive issues. 3. You can easily avoid unhealthy ingredients that clog up your pipes.
- Easier Weight Loss: Making the short term sacrifice of powering down devices at 8pm can increase your sleep quantity and quality, which is one of the easiest ways to drop unwanted weight and gain energy.
It's freeing to be able to easily focus on work, to avoid inconvenient digestive problems, and to bust through weight loss plateaus. Discipline is a powerful tool.
Born That Way
It would be foolish to look at a jacked guy and say, "Oh he was probably just born that way. My problem is I don't have good genes." Do his genetics provide a good foundation to get really muscular? Maybe but maybe not. I've trained hundreds of clients in the gym and those who put in the work each day, gain strength and speed much faster than those who workout only 1x a week or skip their workouts.
In the same way, to look at someone who is disciplined and conclude that they were just born that way is foolish. Do certain people have more of an inclination towards structure and a disciplined life? Yes, but that will only take a person so far.
People who appear to easily and consistently implement healthy habits have a buff brain. It's likely they've been flexing that "discipline muscle" for years. They have primed their brain to make healthy decisions. Making good choices still requires will power for these individuals, but it takes much less energy to do so. Remember they already forged that neural path and removed major obstacles.
- Win the Morning: Pick one healthy habit and use it to kick off the morning. This will help prime your brain for the rest of the day. Some ideas include drinking a big glass of water first thing, exercising, or keeping your phone off for that first hour.
- Plan Ahead: Figure out when your will power is the weakest and find a way to make it easier to be successful in those challenging moments. For example, if you typically grab for a sugary snack mid-afternoon, bring some fruit and nuts to work and eat that instead. If getting to bed on time is challenging, put a timer on your wifi and have it shut off around 9pm.
- Make it a Game: For the next few days, keep a tally of how many times you flex your "discipline muscle" throughout the day. You'll be looking for opportunities to get stronger.


You are here
A Trip to the Anti-Museum
Notably, Phelps takes in the planetarium, about which comparitively little has been written. He concludes that it "could have passed for a good planetarium show" if not for the creationism shoehorned in. Phelps observes, "Several unusual claims were made, but not explored in much detail. It was almost as if they put together a good show and added weird stuff to please AIG's leaders."
Phelps notes that despite the museum's slick packaging, the dinosaur models are not constructed with an eye for accuracy. In the display of Adam naming the animals, for example, Phelps observes that the "display also included a really poorly reconstructed Iguanadon eating a cycad tree model. The artist must have read that Iguanadon had pebbly skin texture and gave him giant platy pebbles unlike what skin impressions really reveal about this dinosaur. The cycad plant is so bad that it looks like a giant pineapple."
Read the entire review here.
NCSE's Statement of Concern about Impact of AIG's Creation 'Museum'"
NCSE's Previous Coverage of the AIG Museum


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Index > Manifesto
The Ventotene Manifesto by Altiero Spinelli and Ernesto Rossi.
For a Free and United Europe. A draft Manifesto.
The Ventotene Manifesto was written in mid-1941 by Spinelli and Rossi (an economics professor leader of the social-liberal movement Giustizia and Libertà) in confinement on the island of Ventotene.
After the reading of two articles written in 1918 by Luigi Einaudi (a liberal economist who had been Rossi's professor) predicting that the League of Nations would not prevent another European war and advocating a European federation, Spinelli and Rossi studied works by contemporary British federalist writers and wrote the Ventotene Manifesto in order to initiate a movement to campaign for a European Federation.
Spinelli drafted all Manifesto's sections save one which Rossi drafted on economic and social policy but each of them influenced what the other wrote. Spinelli in the second half of 1942 wrote the essay on 'The United States of Europe and the Various Political Tendencies' and in 1943 the one on 'Marxist Policy and Federalist Policy'.


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In this post I'll describe a computational method for splitting two sides of a cell biological structure. It's a simple method that relies on principal component analysis, otherwise known as PCA. Like all things mathematical there are some great resources on the web, if you want to understand this operation in more detail (for example, this great post by Lior Pachter). PCA can applied to many biological problems, you've probably seen it used to find patterns in large data sets, e.g. from proteomic studies. It can also be useful for analysing microscopy data. Since our analysis using this method is unlikely to make it into print any time soon, I thought I'd put it up on Quantixed.
During mitosis, a cell forms a mitotic spindle to share copied chromosomes equally to the two new cells. Our lab is working on how this process works and how it goes wrong in cancer. The chromosomes attach to the spindle via kinetochores and during prometaphase they are moved to the middle of the cell. Here, the chromosomes are organised into a disc-like structure called the metaphase plate. The disc is thin in the direction of the spindle axis, but much larger in width and height. To examine the spatial distribution of kinetochores on the plate we wanted a way to approximately separate kinetochores on one side if the plate from the other.
Kinetochores can be easily detected in 3D confocal images of mitotic cells by particle analysis. Kinetochores are easily stained and appear as bright spots that a computer can pick out (we use Imaris for this). The cartesian coordinates of each detected kinetochore were saved as csv and fed into IgorPro. A procedure could then be run which works in three steps. The code is shown at the bottom, it is wrapped in further code that deals with multiple datasets from many cells/experiments etc. The three steps are:
- Analysis on each subset
I'll describe each step and how it works.
1. Principal component analysis
This is used to find the 3rd eigenvector, which can be used to define a plane passing through the centre of the plate. This plane is used for division.
Now, because the metaphase plate is a disc it has three dimensions, the third of which – "thickness" – is the smallest. PCA will find the principal component, i.e. the direction in which there is most variance. Orthogonal to that is the second biggest variance and orthogonal to that direction is the smallest. These directions are called eigenvectors and their magnitude is the eigenvalue. As there are three dimensions to the data we can get all three eigenvectors out and the 3rd eigenvector corresponds to thickness of the metaphase plate. Metaphase plates in cells grown on coverslips are orientated similarly, but the cells themselves are at random orientations. PCA takes no notice of this and can simply reveal the direction of the smallest dimension of a 3D structure. The movie shows this in action for a simulated data set. The black spots are arranged in a disk shape about the origin. They are rotated about x by 45° (the blue spots). We then run PCA and show the eigenvectors as unit vectors (red lines). The 3rd eigenvector is normal to the plane of division, i.e. the 1st and 2nd eigenvectors lie on the plane of division.
Also, the centroid needs to be defined. This is simply the cartesian coordinates for the average of each dimension. It is sometimes referred to as the mean vector. In the example this was the origin, in reality this will depend on the position and the overall height of the cell.
A much longer method to get the eigenvectors is to define the variance-covariance matrix (sometimes called the dispersion matrix) for each dimension, for all kinetochores and then do an eigenvector decomposition on the matrix. PCA is one command, whereas the matrix calculation would be an extra loop followed by an additional command.
The distance of each kinetochore to the plane that we defined is calculated. If it is a positive value then the kinetochore lies on the same side as the normal vector (defined above). If it is negative then it is on the other side. The maths behind how to do this are in section 10.3.1 of Geometric Tools for Computer Graphics by Schneider & Eberly (starting on p. 374). Google it, there is a PDF version on the web. I'll save you some time, you just need one equation that defines a plane,
Where the unit normal vector is [a b c] and a point on the plane is [x y z]. We'll use the coordinates of the centroid as a point on the plane to find d. Now that we know this, we can use a similar equation to find the distance of any point to the plane,
Results for each kinetochore are used to sort each side of the plane into separate waves for further calculation. In the movie below, the red dots and blue dots show the positions of the kinetochores on either side of the division plane. It's a bit of an optical illusion, but the cube is turning in a right hand fashion.
3. Analysis on each subset
Now that the data have been sorted, separate calculations can be carried out on each. In the example, we were interested in how the kinetochores were organised spatially and so we looked at the distance to nearest neighbour. This is done by finding the Euclidean distance from each kinetochore to every other kinetochore and putting the lowest value for each kinetochore into a new wave. However, this calculation can be anything you want. If there are further waves that specify other properties of the kinetochores, e.g. brightness, then these can be similarly processed here.
The code in its present form (not very streamlined) was fast and could be run on every cell from a number of experiments, reading out positional data for 10,000 kinetochores in ~2 s. For QC it is possible to display the two separated coordinated sets to check that the division worked fine (see above). The power of this method is that it doesn't rely on imaging spindle poles or anything else to work out the orientation of the metaphase plate. It works well for metaphase cells, but cells with any misaligned chromosomes ruin the calculation. It is possible to remove these and still fit the plane, but for our analysis we focused on cells at metaphase with a defined plate.
What else can it be used for?
Other structures in the cell can be segregated in a similar way. For example, the Golgi apparatus has a trans and a cis side, which could be similarly divided (although using the 2nd eigenvector as normal to the plane, rather than the 3rd).
Acknowledgements: I'd like to thank A.G. at WaveMetrics Inc. for encouraging me to try PCA rather than my dispersion matrix approach.
The post title comes from "Division Day" a great single by Elliott Smith.


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assume that leaving the garbage where it is would be appropriate. After all, the fault wasn't on my end. More experienced husbands, however, claim that this would be a fatal mistake. We need a way to communicate the problem back to the wife. In the real world, this is easy, but in a COM+ scenario, it is not. After all, different clients can use the same Queued Component. One option would be to pass the name of an error handler component as well as a machine name along with all the other information. The husband component could then use that Queued Component to communicate the problem.
A simpler solution is the use of transactions. They allow a flexible exception handling methodology that can be adjusted by an administrator, and can allow components to run multiple times before the exception handling takes effect. We will look at that scenario in a moment. Yet another solution is passing a reference to another Queued Component. Although Queued Components normally cannot receive references to other COM objects (they would not necessarily be available when the component executes), passing queued objects for callback purposes is an exceptional case that is supported.
Here is a Visual FoxPro example for the use of a callback object:
|DEFINE CLASS Husband AS Session OLEPublic|
| PROCEDURE TakeOutGarbage(What as String,;|
| Callback as Object) AS VOID|
| Callback.Complain("No parameters specified.")|
|DEFINE CLASS WifeCallback AS Session OLEPublic|
| PROCEDURE Complain(Problem as String) AS VOID|
The husband class is a modified version of the first husband we used. I added a second parameter for the callback object and a check to make sure that the first parameter isn't empty. If it is, the callback object is invoked and the scenario ends. Otherwise, we proceed to writing the file to disk, just as we did before.
The second class is designed to be the callback class. It receives one parameter, which simply gets written to disk.
Here's the code that is used to run the example:
The Visual Basic example is very similar. We define two class modules. Here's the first one:
|Public Sub TakeOutGarbage(ByVal What As String, ByVal Callback As Object)|
| Callback.Complain ("No parameters specified.")|
This is a modified husband class that makes sure a parameter was passed. It also receives a second parameter, which is the callback object. Here's the code for that component:
|Public Sub Complain(ByVal Problem As String)|
You can run this example from a simple Visual Basic program such as this:
|Dim oHusband As VBQueuedHousehold.Husband|
|Dim oCallback AS VBQueuedHousehold.WifeCallback|
Note that the instantiation of the callback object really takes place twice. The first time is when the Queued Component is called to serve as a parameter, and the second time is when the Queued Component actually needs to call back. COM+ takes over all the details involved in this process.
No matter how you end up handling the callback scenario, the communication with the caller should be asynchronous to avoid losing the advantages of the queued architecture.
Like all other COM+ Components, Queued Components support transactions. In fact, transactions are very important in asynchronous scenarios, to avoid losing messages as well as to indicate problems.
When a Queued Component runs inside a transaction, it uses SetComplete() or SetAbort(), depending on whether or not the component was successful. When a Queued Component issues a SetAbort() to indicate an execution problem, the possible reasons are plentiful. Perhaps a database or another computer wasn't available. Perhaps some violation occurred. Either way, the message cannot just be dropped, but needs to be handled in some way. Very often, a simple retry may solve the problem. Perhaps a resource becomes available in time, or a conflict has been resolved.
Queued Components automatically put the message back into the queue for a later retry. However, unsuccessful components should not remain in the system forever. For this reason, there are several retry queues with the numbers (0 to 4) after the queue name. Every time execution fails, the message gets pushed down to the next queue.
Eventually, COM+ will give up and the message will be posted to the "deadqueue". From this queue, no additional retries will be issued. COM+ has tried to revive the message several times and now considers it dead. It is now up to the developer to pick up the corpse and handle the situation appropriately.
The easiest way to do this is by providing a queuing exception class. This class is specified in the properties of the COM+ component (not the Interface!) as shown in Figure 7. The exception class implements the same interface as the one called in a queued fashion. When a message is posted to the deadqueue, the exception class will be used for delivery rather than the real Queued Component. This provides the developer a simple and straightforward way to handle the problem. An alternative solution is to watch for messages in the deadqueue manually and handle errors appropriately, although an exception class is much easier.
Figure 7 - A queuing exception class can handle calls that could not be executed successfully even after repeated attempts.
The ability to create asynchronous scenarios so easily with Queued Components makes the complex task of creating scalable, distributed applications a much simpler process. It provides a straightforward way to perform slow tasks at a later point in time or perhaps on another computer. It also provides a simple way to call components on a machine that may not currently be available.
All of these features come with virtually no code modifications. However, the developer has to learn to "think asynchronously" to use this great functionality as efficiently as possible.


Confidentiality—training materials
 - Confidentiality—training materials
Confidentiality—training materials
These training materials contain template PowerPoint slides and associated notes for use by a trainer when outlining the law relating to the protection of confidential information. Topics covered include: the meaning of confidential information; the effect of breach of confidentiality; laws governing confidentiality; confidentiality agreements; definitions of confidential information; authorised recipients; purpose and duration of confidential information; remedies; handling breaches of confidentiality; arrangements with subcontractors.
The training materials are customisable.
Click the link below to download the PowerPoint presentation.
 1. Law:
 1. Meaning of confidential information
 2. Effect of breach of confidentiality
 3. Laws governing confidentiality
 2. Confidentiality agreements:
 1. Format
 2. Defining confidential information
 3. Parties and recipients
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text:
Once oil has entered the Gulf Stream, it may stay offshore in the Gulf Stream. There is some chance that it could move toward nearshore coastal waters and even reaching the coastlines of South Atlantic states. The amount of oil — if any — that reaches shore depends on several factors, including:
- the amount of oil in the Gulf Stream;
- prevailing winds;
- weather events such as storms or hurricanes;
- effects from additional eddies in the Gulf Stream; and
- influences from currents moving southward from the Mid-Atlantic Bight.
The risk of having oil come ashore would be greatest along the southern portion of Florida's east coast, due to the close proximity of the Florida coast to the Gulf Stream.
A second area in the South Atlantic that would be at higher risk for oil coming ashore is Cape Hatteras, North Carolina and the neighboring Outer Banks beaches, especially in the September through April time frame. Cape Hatteras is vulnerable because of both its proximity to the Gulf Stream and by onshore eddies and currents that may interact with the Gulf Stream near Hatteras.
Shorelines between south Florida and Cape Hatteras also could experience visible oil deposits, such as tar balls or oil pancakes, especially if coastal storms and/or wind patterns push the oil toward shore.
Movement of waters from the Gulf Stream to South Atlantic shorelines can vary greatly. If you frequent these shores, you might notice that some years there might be great amounts of Sargassum seaweed carried onto the beaches, or a flurry of Portuguese man-of-war sightings. But in other years, there might be few of these floating organisms washed ashore. Other floating debris – such as surface oil – would also be subjected to this variable ebb and flow of coastal currents.


Science in Utah high schools missing more than one link
Published June 13, 2013 7:41 am
Strong standards for state's youngsters weaken as students approach college.
As Utah begins a $10 million push to boost science, math, engineering and technology (STEM) education, a national education foundation found the state's science standards have critical gaps, especially in high school.
High school physics and chemistry standards are missing key topics, including Kepler's laws of planetary motion, modern physics such as lasers and nuclear power, organic chemistry and writing chemical equations, the analysis said.
But the standards include an "excellent" treatment of evolution and are strong for kindergarten through second grade, earning the state an overall "B" from the Thomas B. Fordham Institute. It ranked Utah 13th nationally.
The nonprofit analyzed science standards across the nation and compared them to Next Generation Science Standards, developed by 26 states and groups such as the National Research Council and the National Science Teachers Association.
The Fordham report, released Thursday, urges states not to adopt the new standards released in April, saying they're poorer than those in place in 20 states, including Utah. The report was written by a team of science and education professors from universities nationwide.
Debra Roberts, state school board chairwoman, has said the state does not plan to adopt the Next Generation standards, but would review them as Utah continues to revise its own.
Utah's science standards are about a decade old and officials are hashing out a timeline to develop new ones, said Sarah Young, science specialist at the state education office.
The office has picked seventh grade as an area that needs improvement — the standards were designed for half-year courses but most schools teach a full year, Young said.
The Fordham analysis may be considered in the revision process, Young said, but officials will examine whether its recommendations are "feasible in a classroom and if it prepares students to be collegeand career-ready."
Utah's science standards do a good job of preparing elementary school students, such as introducing geology and fossils in earth sciences early, the report said.
The state also earned praise for its handling of evolution, focusing on DNA, fossil records and comparing today's species to those that have died out.
But the analysis said critical content is missing from high school standards across topics. Earth science lessons, it said, neglect a critical element: the factors that shape climate.
Physics requirements don't incorporate relevant math lessons, the report said. They ask high school students to recall formulas, such as the relationships between speed, wavelength and frequency of waves. But they do not have the students put them to use by calculating those elements of a particular wave.
When Utah high school graduates get to Weber State University, nearly half need remedial help with math, said Barbara Trask, associate dean of the college of science. She sees the same discrepancy the report notes: Utah students often have a good understanding of content but struggle to use it to solve problems.
"They know what a cell is, what the parts of the cell are, what they do," said Trask, also a professor of zoology. But when asked to critically analyze data, she said, "They're not as well-prepared as they could be."
Students have "memorized a lot of things. It's just that the ability to be able to use what they've learned in a new situation" can be missing, she said.
Lawmakers this year set aside $10 million for a STEM education center and technology and training for teachers. The center will first focus on improving math instruction for middle school students and increasing college math readiness.
Lindsay Whitehurst contributed to this report. — States' science grades
A Thomas B. Fordham Institute analysis found science standards in 20 states, including Utah, are stronger than new Next Generation Science Standards. How they graded states:
A: District of Columbia and five states, including California and Massachusetts
B: 7 states, including Utah
C: 12 states
D: 16 states
F: 10 states, including Idaho
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The world's first climate change refugees to leave island due to rising sea levels
By RICHARD SHEARS
Last updated at 16:11 18 December 2007
Within a few weeks a boat filled with wide-eyed children and tearful adults will pull out from a Pacific lagoon to escape the slow death of their island home.
The group will become the world's first refugees from the effects of global warming, leaving behind a tiny speck of land that is being slowly swallowed by the rising ocean.
Ironically, the Carteret Islanders have made what is possibly the smallest carbon footprint on the planet, yet they are the first to suffer the devastating effects of a wider, polluted world they know nothing about.
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Rising tide: To escape the floods inhabitants of Carteret Atoll are preparing to leave
Such is the effect of rising seas that tidal surges have cut one of the small islands in the Carteret group - 1,000 miles north east of Australiain half, the salt water slicing through the low centre.
"We have struggled for more than 20 years to keep the sea back from our villages," says Mr Bernard Tunim from Piul, one of the islands in the group.
"We've built sea walls, planted mangrove trees along the shore, but the storm surges and high tides just come in and wash everything away.
"We've lost our simple houses, our vegetable gardens have been destroyed and our fresh water supplies in the ground have been contaminated.
"For drinking all we can rely on now is rainwater and coconut juice, but even the coconut trees are dying. You can walk along the beach and see just the bottoms of dead trees sticking up through the sand."
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Isolated paradise: Carteret, east of Papua New Guinea is 53 miles from the nearest shops
The Carteret Islands, part of Papua New Guinea, were discovered in 1767 by British naval captain Philip Carteret, a contemporary of Captain Cook, who sailed past them in his sloop Swallow, without even bothering to step ashore.
Pacific islands in those days were inhabited by fierce cannibals, although there is no history of man eating man in the Carterets, made up of the protruding rims of an undersea prehistoric volcano. Today a little more than 1,500 people live in the islands which, from space, look like the beads of a necklace lying on a turquoise background.
Approaching them by sea, the islands appear to be everyone's imagination of a lost paradise, an idyllic dot in Melanesia where there are no cars, no electricity, no tv, no phones? no contact at all with the outside world except a cargo ship from the "mainland", Bougainville, which brings supplies of rice and tinned foods.
But on landing on any of the islands the devastation brought about by global warming is obvious? and the exotic playground image is lost.
The roots and branches of trees destroyed by the encroaching salt water have become a breeding ground for malaria-carrying mosquitoes and unripened coconuts that have fallen from trees unable to hold them litter the swampy paths from the beach.
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Preparations: The islanders are chopping trees down to build flood defences
The fruit trees that carried mango, banana, breadfruit and paw-paw are all dead from the sea water that has killed their roots and the children survive on a diet of just coconuts and fish. The roots of their black hair turn yellow, signifying malnutrition.
Grass-roofed huts have been washed away by the tidal surges and families have been forced to move further inland to higher ground, away from the beaches where, in decades past, fishing nets were hung out to dry from waterside homes.
"No-one trusts the sea any more," says Mr Tunim. "If there is a tidal surge, it sweeps in and swallows things up. You don't want it to happen to a child, so we have all moved further back.
"We are sad that we are all going to have to leave. The first ones, we hope, will be going soon to Bougainvilleand in no time at all there will be no-one left here.
"All those big countries like Americaand Russiaand in Europeare making all the pollution and we are the ones who are suffering for it, yet we don't even have a bicycle on the islands.
"Where is the sense in all this?" Arranging the evacuation of the islanders to a world they have never known, even if it is in the still-relatively remote northern region of Bougainville island, 53 miles away, is a major worry for a former Carteret islander, Ursula Rakova, who now works for an aid charity
"If I had a miracle to perform, I wouldn't bring my people here," she said on Bougainville. "They will need to adapt. It is not going to be easy. But what choice do they have?
"It is not just us, though. It is going to happen to others right through the Pacific and in other parts of the world. The pollution has to stop.
"The big nations have to do something very, very urgently. We aren't imagining any of this."


Main Content
Test Sequence Basics
A test sequence consists of test steps arranged in a hierarchy. You can use a test sequence to define test inputs and to define how a test will progress in response to the simulation. A test step contains actions that execute at the beginning of the step. A test step can contain transitions that define when the step stops executing, and which test step executes next. Actions and transitions use MATLAB® as the action language. You create test sequences by using the Test Sequence block and the Test Sequence Editor. See Use Stateflow Chart for Test Harness Inputs and Scheduling.
Test Sequence Hierarchy
Test sequences defined in Test Sequence blocks can have parent steps and substeps. Substeps can activate only if the parent step is active. A group of steps in the same hierarchy level shares a common transition type. When you create a test step, the step becomes a transition option for other steps in the same group.
Test Sequence Scenarios
In a Test Sequence block, you can define multiple test sequences, which are called test sequence scenarios. By using scenarios, you can define distinct test sequences without having multiple Test Sequence blocks in your test harness. You can run test sequence scenarios in these ways:
 - Activate a single scenario from the Test Sequence Editor and run the model
 - Activate a single scenario using API commands and run the model
 - Control the active scenario with a workspace variable and run the model
 - Use a custom test script to loop through scenarios when running the model
 - Define iterations in the Test Manager to run more than one scenario in a single test case
For more information and examples of using test sequence scenarios, see Use Test Sequence Scenarios in the Test Sequence Editor and Test Manager and Programmatically Create and Run Test Sequence Scenarios.
Transition Types
Test sequences defined in Test Sequence blocks transition from one step to another in two ways:
 - Standard transition: You can define a sequence of actions that react to simulation conditions using a standard transition sequence. Standard transition sequences start with the first step and progress according to transition conditions and next steps. For a list of transitions, see Test Sequence and Assessment Syntax.
 This test sequence sets the value of Boolean outputs RedButtonIn and GreenButtonIn, with transitions happening after each step has been active for 1 sec.
 - When decomposition: When decomposition sequences are analogous to switch statements in programming. Your sequence can act based on specific conditions occurring in your model. In a When decomposition sequence, steps activate based on a condition that you define after the step name. Transitions are not used between steps.
 This When decomposition contains three verify statements. Each verify statement is active when the signal gear is equal to a different value. For more information, see Assess a Model by Using When Decomposition.
Create a Basic Test Sequence
In this example, you use a Test Sequence block to create a simple test sequence for a transmission shift logic controller.
 1. Open the model. At the command line, enter
 2. Right-click the shift_controller subsystem and select Test Harness > Create for 'shift_controller'.
 3. In the Create Test Harness dialog box, under Sources and Sinks:
 - Select Test Sequence from the source drop-down menu.
 - Select Add separate assessment block.
 - Select Open harness after creation.
 4. Click OK. The test harness for the shift_controller subsystem opens.
 5. Double-click the Test Sequence block. The Test Sequence Editor opens.
 6. Create the test sequence.
 1. Rename the first step Accelerate and add the step actions:
 speed = 10*ramp(et);
 throttle = 100;
 2. Right-click the Accelerate step and select Add step after. Rename this step Stop, and add the step actions:
 throttle = 0;
 speed = 0;
 3. Enter the transition condition for the Accelerate step. In this example, Accelerate transitions to Stop when the system is in fourth gear for 2 seconds. In the Transition column, enter:
 duration(gear == 4) >= Limit
 In the Next Step column, select Stop.
 4. Add a constant to define Limit. In the Symbols pane, hover over Constant and click the add data button. Enter Limit for the constant name.
 5. Hover over Limit and click the edit button. In the Constant value field, enter 2. Click OK.
Create Basic Test Assessments
 1. Continuing the example, in the test harness, double-click the Test Assessment block to open the editor. The editor displays a When decomposition sequence.
 2. Rename the first step Assessments.
 3. Add two steps to Assessments. Right-click the Assessments step and select Add sub-step. Do this a second time. There should be four steps under Assessments.
 4. Enter the names and actions for the four substeps.
 Check1st when gear == 1
 verify(speed < 45)
 Check2nd when gear == 2
 verify(speed < 75)
 Check3rd when gear == 3
 verify(speed < 105)
 The fourth step Else has no actions. Else handles simulation conditions outside of the preceding when conditions.
 5. Add a scope to the harness and connect the speed, throttle, and gear signals to the scope.
 6. Set the model simulation time to 15 seconds and simulate the test harness. View the signal data by opening the scope.
 7. View the results of the verify statements in the Simulation Data Inspector.
See Also
Related Topics


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I was reading somewhere about how men talk about money as sport, which is why they use terms like "Price / Earnings Ratio," which the article termed "jargon." The article went on to suggest that it was the use of such jargon that accounted for women's disinterest in discussions about money.
Maybe people (both men and women!) use terms like "Price/Earnings Ratio" because no other phrase captures the meaning. In fact, both "price" and "earnings" in that sentence have complex definitions that refer to other compound concepts.
In other words, a good reason to speak in "jargon" is because it offers shorter terms with more precise shades of meaning than "regular" language allows. The idea that experts have amassed a vocabulary for the sole purpose of excluding others speaks either to a feeling of insecurity on the part of those who have this idea, or a notion that there can be no more precise thoughts or meanings in that entire field of endeavor than they already understand. In other words, they must believe that there's no content to the field.
One couldn't talk about mood using only the words "happy" and "sad." We need a larger vocabulary to accomodate important concepts: "frustrated" means something different from "irritated," "amused" isn't the same as "schadenfreude," and so on. We don't consider this jargon because we assume normal people understand these shades of meaning. For someone less attuned to others' moods (eg, someone with Asperger's), these words could be construed as jargon.


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The first model of the Sinclair ZX Spectrum Personal Compute was introduced in 1982 by Sinclair Research Limited and priced at 279 DM in 1986. It is quite small without its own monitor. It can work alone, but surely you won't know what it is doing. It can be connected to a TV set and cassette recorder. As its name implies the ZX Spectrum produces a colour output video signal. It contains a CPU, 48K RAM, ROM (read only memory) and an ULA (uncommitted logic array) chip.
Its keyboard is quite similar to a standard typewriter's one but each key can perform more than one function. All information stored in its memory is lost when it is switched off. One way of keeping the information for later use is by recording it on a cassette tape which serves as a floppy disk. Presented by K. Lanyi Scott to the Computer Center of Humboldt University, Berlin
Mrs. Lanyi got this first computer of hers from her parents as a gift in 1986. Using it she started learning BASIC. In 1998 when she got her position at the Computer Center much better personal computer had been created and become popular. It was preserved quite well and carefully kept along with two computing course manuals, a useful "Tipps and Tricks " guide and instructions for programming.