text:
Published February 14, 2013
The hazards of breathing outdoor air in some Chinese cities have been well-documented. Now a UB study confirms that breathing indoor air also carries significant cancer risks, especially for Chinese women.
The UB study, published online this month in the journal Cancer Causes & Control, found that indoor air pollution that generates fine particulate matter is a key contributor to the high rates of lung cancer among Chinese women, despite the fact that few of them smoke.
The research found indoor particulate matter levels that are at least double the maximum level considered acceptable by World Health Organization guidelines. The study is the first to measure particulate matter (PM) levels inside the home and to link it with the incidence of lung cancer in Chinese women.
"Our results show that besides smoking, indoor air pollution contributes significantly to women's lung cancer risk in China," says Lina Mu, assistant professor of social and preventive medicine in the School of Public Health and Health Professions and lead author on the paper.
While around 60 percent of Chinese men smoke, Chinese women have extremely low smoking rates—approximately 4 percent. However, women's rates of lung cancer in China are among the highest in the world, approximately 21 cases per 100,000, while smoking accounts for less than 20 percent of lung cancer cases in Chinese women, says Mu.
"That's why we wanted to find out how much indoor air pollution contributes to lung cancer risk among Chinese women," says Mu. "It has been suspected but not measured."
The paper notes that since women tend to be home for longer periods of time and to cook more frequently, housing-related exposure is more of a factor among women than men.
The case-control study includes 429 Chinese women: 197 who had lung cancer and 232 who were controls. Of the 197 with lung cancer, 164 were nonsmokers, while there were 218 nonsmokers in the control group.
The study was conducted in Taiyuan City, one of the top-10 air-polluted cities in the world, according to Asian Development Bank's 2012 annual report. A large industrial city in northern China, Taiyuan is home to heavy industry, including steel, coal mining and processing and electronics plants.
The study found that among the nonsmokers, lung cancer was strongly associated with multiple sources of indoor air pollution, which included exposure to tobacco smoke at work, frequent cooking and the use of solid fuel, primarily coal, for cooking and heating.
A particle mass monitor was used to measure PM levels inside the homes—mostly apartments—of study participants.
"We found that the smallest type of particulate matter is the type associated with the higher risk of lung cancer among nonsmoking Chinese women," Mu says. "For every additional 10 micrograms per square meter of fine particular matter, there is an associated 45 percent increased risk of lung cancer."
The paper notes that increased lung cancer risk among women was strongly attributed to the fine particles produced by coal combustion for heating and cooking, and from passive smoking.
Mu says that kitchen ventilation systems, such as fans, are not common in China and that people are reluctant to open windows because they want to keep heat in and prevent outdoor pollution from coming inside.
She adds that hot oil, a staple in traditional Chinese stir-frying and deep-frying, produces carcinogens and is a key contributor.
"Women are at high risk because they are exposed to solid fuel emissions from heating and cooking, as well as from passive smoking," she says, adding that smoking is a key social ingredient in China. "Men tend to gather and smoke together, often in small, enclosed spaces, especially in offices."
Mu notes that while in large cities, some restaurants have begun to segregate smokers, people smoke freely in most public places in China.
She says that improvements will depend on significant changes, such as a switch to clean energy sources and the installation of better ventilation systems, as well as public education about the benefits of keeping windows open and curbing passive smoking.
UB co-authors with Mu are Yanli Li, graduate student; William Scheider, research assistant professor; and Mya Swanson, data manager; all in the UB Department of Social and Preventive Medicine. Other co-authors are Shen-chih Chang and Zuo-Feng Zhang of the Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles; Jia Su and Shunzhang Yu of Fudan University; Li Liu, Baozing Zhao and Jianping Shi of the Taiyuan City Center for Disease Control and Prevention; and Rrungui Niu of Shanxi Tumor Hospital.
The research was funded by the National Nature Science Foundation of China, the National Institutes of Health and the Alper Research Center for Environmental Genomics at UCLA.


text: Happiness equations for Malawi are estimated using a new household survey. It is apparent that absolute consumption level is strongly associated with satisfaction. Both objective and subjective relative consumption in the neighbourhood is positively associated with satisfaction. Male satisfaction is associated strongly with relative consumption but female satisfaction is not. Separated or widowed females are less happy than males indicating a vulnerability that acts as a disincentive to leave husbands during marital problems. Polygamous females in traditional religions are less satisfied than other females whilst there is some evidence that male Muslims in polygamous relationships are more satisfied. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
"It is important that we have a clear and up-to-date understanding of the chromium plume boundaries," Patty Kouyoumdjian, the executive officer of the Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board, wrote in a letter to Kirk Howard, PG&E's vice president of gas transmissions and distribution.
"This critical information will guide us as we clean up groundwater pollution from the PG&E compressor station and will ensure protection of public health in the community," she wrote.
Separately, the water board on Friday cited PG&E for providing bottled water to residents that exceeded chromium 6 levels set by the agency.
The board also cited PG&E for failing to provide evidence that the whole-household water system it has installed in two Hinkley homes met the same chromium standard.
The agency was seeking corrective actions only - fines were not part of the official notice of violation.
In the 1950s and 1960s, PG&E used the chemical chromium 6, also called hexavalent chromium, to prevent rust and algae buildup in its Hinkley cooling towers.
The chemical, widely used before its cancer-causing properties were known, was discharged into unlined ponds and from there entered the groundwater.
The order to
The plume is known to be at least 6 miles long and 2 miles wide.
The northern boundary of the plume has been expanding rapidly in recent years, although some water board scientists believe the plume has been much larger than believed for some time.
Hinkley resident Daron Banks said, "I think the order is on the right track... The intentions are good."
PG&E is reviewing the order, said spokesman Jeff Smith. "We always try to be responsive to the water board," Smith said.
The order sets the following deadlines:
Among the points PG&E will be reviewing is whether it can meet the deadline schedule.
In the past, well sampling on the northern edge of the plume has been significantly delayed because of concerns about desert tortoises and other endangered species, Smith said.
Late last year, the water board directed PG&E to submit a plan for the definition of and monitoring of manganese plumes created from the treatment of heavy concentrations of chromium 6 near its Hinkley compressor stations.
Manganese is a by-product from the injection of ethanol into the ground, which reduces chromium 6 to the relatively harmless chromium 3.
However, according to water agency documents, the manganese plume potentially threatens nearby domestic wells.
PG&E has a Feb. 15 deadline to produce its plan to study the manganese plume.
The water agency plans a public meeting at Hinkley's combined elementary and junior high school in March so the community can give feedback on its orders - and PG&E's responses - for the expanded plume monitoring and its order to define the manganese plume, said Lauri Kemper, assistant executive officer.
Water-borne manganese has been associated with mental impairment and reduced intelligence. The chemical may play a role in the development of some cases of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and other neurodegenerative diseases, according to health officials.
Reach Jim via email, call him at _PHONE_, or find him on Twitter _USER_.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


About Electromagnetic Stirrer Inquiy
Electromagnetic stirrers are designed and manufactured to achieve optimum metallurgical quality improvements based on each customer's specific plant and casting conditions. In order for KEMEIDA to submit a proposal for EMS that will best meet the requirements of a specific customer, it is important that the following questionnaire is filled out in as much detail as possible and returned to KEMEIDA together with the inquiry.
About Lifting Electromagnet Inquiy
To help you get the suitable magnet for your application, you are reqested to give following information:
1. What shape of material are to be handled?
For example: steel scraps, bloom, plate or bar.
2. What are the dimensions & temperature of steel plate or bloom?
3. What's the lifting capacity you expect?
4. What are the site conditions?
5. What is the lifting cacapcity of crane and hoist height?.
6. Do you need the control cubicle also?
About Separator Inquiy
1. What are the materials you want to handle?
2. What kind of steel and iron do you want to remove?
3. What's the handling capacity?
4. What kind of working site does the separator work?
5. What is width of the belt?
6. Do you want the electric controller?
About Electromagnetic Stirring
The use of electromagnetic stirring during metals solidification dates back to the 1930s,and a comprehensive review of the stirring activities up to the early 1980s was provided by Tzavaras and Brody. Like electromagnetic casting, electromagnetic stirring is produced by the Lorentz force generated by an a.c. inductor. Unlike electromagnetic casting where stirring occurs near the surface region, however, electromagnetic stirrers are designed to deliberately produce melt convection deep in the liquid pool near the solidification front. Thus, lower-frequency magnetic fields are used to allow the Lorentz force to penetrate deeply into the molten-metal pool.
Two types of electromagnetic stirrers are commonly used in practice: the linear stirrer and rotary stirrer. A linear stirrer operates basically the same way as an induction furnace. The design entails the placement of a stack of coils around the casting metal to generate a primary motion that recirculates along the casting direction. A rotary stirrer is basically an electric motor. It uses a rotating magnetic field to produce a swirling flow in the liquid pool. Figure 3 contrasts the linear and rotary stirring modes and the primary fluid motions in the liquids. The two modes may be applied either individually or in a combined fashion and stirring may be employed in various stages of solidification processes(i.e., in mold, below mold, and at the final stage of solidification).
Perhaps one of the major motivations for applying electromagnetic stirring during solidification processing comes from the understanding that a strong melt flow will generate strong shear stresses, and the shear stresses will shed away the newly formed dendrites near the solidification front.The newly formed dendrite debris is then transported into the bulk liquid pool of higher temperature by convection. Some of the dendrites are remelted and disappear while others survive and are transported back to the solidifying region. These surviving broken dendrites then form additional nucleation sites upon which further grain growth will occur, thereby resulting in grain refinement in the final casting products. This basic grain multiplication mechanism induced by strong electromagnetic stirring is depicted in Figure 4.
Aside from refining internal structures, electromagnetic stirring also has the advantages of homogenizing alloy elements, reducing porosity and segregation, and minimizing internal cracks. Table I summarizes the benefits of electromagnetic stirring when applied in the mold region (mold electromagnetic stirrer), below the mold or strand (strand electromagnetic stirrer), and in the final stage of solidification (final electromagnetic stirrer).
The Effects of Electromagnetic Stirring during the Continuous Casting of Metals
Mold Electromagnetic Stirrer
Strand Electromagnetic Stirrer
Final Electromagnetic Stirrer
Surface Slags
Subsurface Inclusions
Columnar Structure
Columnar Structure
Internal Cracks
Internal Cracks
Center-Line Segregation
Center-Line Segregation
Center-Line Segregation
Electromagnetic Lifting System Field Of The Invention
ELECTROMAGNETIC LIFTING SYSTEM FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention is an electromagnet structure, particularly adapted to move ferrous metal workpieces onto and off of a supporting surface.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION One method of manufacturing shaped ferrous metal workpieces from a large metal plate of ferrous metal utilizes a cutting table. A large ferrous metal plate is placed on a heat resistant cutting table and workpieces of various shapes are cut from the plate using laser beams, plasma beams, or flame cutting torches. The cutting process may be manual or automated. The result of the cutting operation is, typically, a large number of parts or workpieces of various sizes and shapes positioned within a skeleton like structure of the scrap remaining from the original plate. In order to make this cutting table process most efficient, it is desirable to provide a system for lifting the stock plate onto the table and positioning it, and then a system for very quickly picking up all of the workpieces, scrap, and the skeleton plate once the cutting is complete. It has been found to be very desirable to employ an electromagnetic system for not only initially positioning the stock plate on the cutting table, but also for picking up the workpieces which have been cut from the plate once the cutting has been completed. A number of problems, however, can result from the use of conventionally designed electromagnets for this cutting process. First of all, any electromagnetic system which is designed to cover a large surface area is typically formed of very thick core materials which are typically very heavy. In order to support the series of electromagnets typically required to cover large surface areas, and particularly when those electromagnets themselves are very heavy, often requires a very heavy structural framework for supporting the electromagnetics. Thus, the entire electromagnetic system and its supports are often very heavy and require a substantial amount of work to lift them, particularly if they are carrying the workpieces. This high weight for the electromagnetic system not only increases the energy requirements necessary to carry out the lifting function, but also increases the potential danger associated with heavy equipment suspended in the air.
Another problem with using conventional electromagnetic systems for the lifting system is that the conventional electromagnetics are typically constructed with circular coils which wrap around an oval track which is formed in the body of the core. In general, it is necessary to have numerous, closely-spaced coils, in order to assure that small workpieces will be effectively attracted to the magnet. At the ends of these tracks are inhomogeneous magnetic field structures which tend to form"weak spots"at each end of each series of electromagnetic coils. These"weak spots"are often ineffective at carrying out the lifting function, particularly for small pieces which are positioned at the outer edges of the cutting table. As a result, it is often necessary to build the magnet system far larger than what would otherwise be necessary and larger than the cutting table surface. The"weak spot"structure is shown in Figure 21 which is a bottom view of a conventional lifting system magnetic structure.
These and other difficulties experienced with the prior art devices have been obviated in a novel manner by the present invention.
It is, therefore, a principal object of the present invention to provide an electromagnet structure which is low in weight, and, more specifically, has a low weight-to-magnetic working area ratio, thereby producing a magnet which is efficient to use as a lifting magnet.
Another object of this invention is to provide an electromagnet structure that has a large magnetic working area which area has relatively uniform magnetic fields throughout and is free of magnetic"weak spots", so that the magnet is capable of attaching small ferromagnetic objects at any point in its working area.
It is a further object of the invention to provide an electromagnet structure which is capable of being manufactured of high quality and at a low cost, and which is capable of providing a long and useful life with a minimum of maintenance.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An electromagnet having a core with a plurality of elongated channels, a bottom opening to each channel, and a coil made up of a plurality of lengths of electrically conductive wire extending through each channel. The core has a top wall and a plurality of spaced parallel vertical walls which define the channels. The bottom end of each vertical side wall has horizontal flanges which form the poles of the magnet and also define the openings to the channels. Each pole has a different polarity from adjacent poles.
This invention may be viewed as electromagnet system, including an electromagnet structure which has a core and a coil, and a supply of electric current for energizing the coil and magnetically exciting the core.
This invention may also be viewed as electromagnetic lifting system including an electromagnet structure which has a core and a coil, a supply of electric current for energizing the coil and magnetically exciting the core, and a movement system adapted to provide controlled movement of the structure.
This invention can also be viewed as a cutting table lifting system, including a cutting table, a workpiece of ferrous material, an electromagnet structure which has a core and a coil, a supply of electric current for energizing the coil and magnetically exciting the core, said supply adapted to control the attraction of the structure to the workpiece, and a movement system adapted to provide controlled movement of the structure with respect to the table, said lifting system being adapted to place the workpiece on the table and to remove the workpiece from the table.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The character of the invention, however, may best be understood by reference to one of its structural forms


Progressive Broadening
From Eclipsepedia
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How it works
How long it takes
 - telling: 10 minutes
 - asking: 20 minutes
 - discussion: 30 minutes
A facilitator can have an idea of what stories each participant can tell and what ones would be most interesting. Some ordering decisions can be made on the fly with the help of the audience. A facilitator might ask, "do people think it would be better to explore A or B now considering that we have only 45 minutes until lunch?"
Planning an event
Plan an event by chooing an event duration, from a few hours to a few days, suitable for the subject of interest. Solicit participants by asking for position statements relevant to the subject. Use these statements, which could be as simple as a pragraph, to select participants and order conversations.
This format has been adapted from the conference style pioneered by the Los Altos Workshop on Software Testing.


text:
A fun outing in the center of San Jose is to go to the Gold Museum, now called the Central Bank Museum, below the Plaza de la Cultura.
It had been years since I had visited the museum, but it remains still one of the highlights of touring Costa Rica's capitol city. Located conveniently under the Plaza de la Cultura's east end, just behind the National Theatre and the Grand Hotel, the museum is a cool refuge of culture in a concrete jungle.
This year celebrates the 30th anniversary of the museum. In honor, one of Costa Rica's most noted wildlife species is featured in a phenomenal temporary exhibit called "Felines in the Archaeology of Costa Rica."
The country's six species of wild cats – jaguar, puma, ocelot, margay, jaguarundi and tigrillo — are represented in 50 objects of stone, gold and ceramic, showing off the crafts and cultural traditions of the area's native peoples from 300 B.C.E. to 1500 C.E. The exhibit is very interactive, featuring real-life photos of the different cats, a video on wildcat protection and preservation, and even native Boruca balsa wood "cat masks" to try on and have your picture taken! Thankfully, all of Costa Rica's wild cats are protected.
From the "Felines in Archaeology," you wind downward to the museum's main feature of Pre-Columbian gold artifacts. I found this area to be really well done with life-size replicas of Pre-Columbian village life and a very informative section explaining step-by-step how these ancient peoples made their astoundingly intricate and detailed gold art … beeswax models and clay molds are the key. This extraordinary collection contains 1,600 pieces of gold dating from 500 to 1,500 B.C.E. You'll learn not only how they made their art, but why and its symbolism relating to their daily life, culture and spiritual beliefs.
On the museum's upper floor, near the entrance, is a regular Numismatic (currency and mediums of exchange) Exhibit. See ancient coins from Greece, Rome and Asia Minor; learn what Costa Rica's first peoples used as currency, and then the evolution of the country's bills and coins from 1502 to the present.
Most interesting to me in this section is the temporary exhibit entitled "Plants and Animals in Costa Rican Numismatics." What do laurel leaves represent on money? Oak leaves? Myrtle? Costa Rica's silk cotton tree – also known as "Ceiba"? Learn all of this and more. For instance, what plants and animals are represented on the back of the 5,000 colon note, and why? See how Costa Rica's national symbols were depicted through time on bills and coins, such as coffee, date palms, sugar cane, the purple orchid (national flower), Guanacaste trees, and the animals jaguar, giant anteater and green turtles.
Be sure to finish off your visit with a stop by the gift shop. There is a great selection of art, photography and nature/wildlife books, plus jewelry and souvenir T-shirts and postcards. Best of all is the collection of indigenous crafts featuring loom-woven items and excellently crafted balsa wood masks from the Boruca village.
The Central Bank Museum is open daily from 9:00 am to 4:30 pm. Entrance is free for Costa Ricans and legal residents every Wednesday and the first Sunday of each month. Guided tours in Spanish, English and French can be reserved by calling (506) 2243-4208.
Now that you've had your fill of culture, what to do about filling your belly? Answer: The Patio at Hotel Balmoral, only 150m east of the Gold Museum and Plaza de la Cultura along the pedestrian Avenida Central. Excellent menu selections, especially the grilled Mahi-Mahi … and the desserts, oh my!
After you've sated your hunger and thirst, where to relax and rest? Hotel Ritzli is your answer. Just a few blocks away on Calle Central between Avenidas 8 and 10, this cheery European-style pension is just your ticket.


text:
Last time we explored hedonia – one of the pathways to happiness/well-being. Now to look at the second pathway, eudaimonia, in more detail.
Eudaimonia: has roots in the Ancient Greek words 'eu' meaning good and 'daimon' meaning power, fate, lesser deity or guiding spirit.
A brief review; eudaimonic well-being comes from actions which create a sense of meaning and purpose in us or when we feel we've had the opportunity to realise our potential. These acts/situations fit well with our personal values and allow us to apply our strengths. Often, they may include acts which contribute to the greater good.
Eudaimonic well-being goes beyond simply 'feeling good', it's stronger than a sense of satisfaction or pleasure. Research has shown that more lasting positive effects on our well-being are created by actions that promote feelings of eudaimonia.
Four common aspects of eudaimonia are outlined below – these provide us with a useful guide to help actively increase our eudaimonic well-being.
- Authenticity: identify your core values and actively use them in your life.
- Excellence: aim for excellence in your behaviour and beliefs.
- Meaning: think about the 'bigger picture', get involved in an area or a cause that goes beyond yourself.
- Growth: seek opportunities to learn and grow as an individual, set personal goals and be open to challenges.
We don't have to target all areas at once; instead making efforts in one or two areas is sufficient to bring an increased sense of eudaimonia. You might like to take some time to reflect on the areas of authenticity, excellence, meaning and growth outlined above and decide how they relate to you.
Being aware of your personal strengths will help you with all of the four areas above. Many people are reluctant to talk about their strengths or may not have thought about themselves in this way before – but we all have strengths. They are characteristics that capture what is best about us, they come naturally, and we enjoy using them.
Take time to note down what you're good at and ask other people for their views on your strengths. There are also various online strengths assessments such as Strengths Profile or the VIA Character Strengths that you may be interested in exploring.
When you've identified some of your personal strengths, why not set yourself a challenge? Think of different ways you can use three of your strengths in everyday life – try and make the actions of benefit to both yourself and others. Being aware of your strengths and actively using them can boost your well-being.
Imagine the situation described below; how does it actively develop the areas of authenticity, meaning and even excellence that were outlined earlier? Why would Matt's sense of well-being be increased if he applied his strengths to this situation?
- Strengths: Matt's identified the strengths of kindness and equality in himself.
- Situation: There's someone at his workplace that often gets spoken over in meetings and/or isn't given credit for their ideas. They're lacking the confidence to challenge the way they're being treated.
- Action: Matt actively shows he's listening to the person in meetings, giving them encouragement both verbally and through the use of positive body language. He openly credits them for their ideas to other colleagues.
both paths are of value
Over the last few posts we've looked at two pathways to well-being, hedonia and eudaimonia. Both are of importance and contribute differently to our well-being, so exploring both are encouraged. Neither offer a direct route to an end point/goal – instead they suggest behaviour and actions which can generate an enhanced sense of well-being.
If you're interested in developing your eudaimonic well-being a little further, why not make time to act on some of the points above?
Thanks for reading!


text:
Concept for a New Motor Control Platform (Modular System)
The Interroll Group, one of the world's leading specialists in intralogistics, offers a series of motor control modules for conveyor roller systems. These can be used to control a variety of EC motors and achieve a wide range of different bus topologies. They ensure an optimized flow of goods and, thanks to their simple cabling and configuration, can be assembled and put into operation in very little time. Helbling drew up a standardized concept for the new product family, from the very first ideas and technical principles up to and including the blueprint containing the design details. Helbling was commissioned with the task of standardizing the control modules and developing an innovative kit-based concept. At the same time, the control modules also needed to be able to accommodate future requirements. To achieve this, Helbling combined its methods expertise in the areas of complexity management and product innovation with its technological know-how in the fields of mechatronics, network engineering and device construction.
Key data and technical details
- Uniform architecture (housing layout, connections, shapes, assembly, sealing)
- Designed for several different bus topologies (daisy chain, master-slave, host)
- Innovative installation principle (bus for data / power supply, piercing system, silicone cables)
- Standardized, intuitive user interface
- New features and improved conformity with standards


text:
In The Matter of Cha Jung Hee, a September 14th POV presentation on PBS, is a powerful and beautifully poetic film that documents a distressing reality—the switching of one child's identity for another in a South Korean orphanage in the 1960s. This is an important story because Deann Boshay Liem is not the only child to whom this has happened. I have met several adult adoptees who have recounted similar experiences. Deann examines this reality in a very balanced manner, expressing her sadness and anger but still being able to demonstrate an understanding of the good intentions that were behind the choices the adults around her made. The film reminds us that adoption, although a wonderful gift that brings parents and children together, also involves loss… loss of a birth parent, loss of a culture, loss of a history and perhaps even loss of an identity for a child. For me, this film highlights the mistake we adults often make—that children are blank slates, that they have no memory, and that experiences when very young don't matter to them. They do remember because who you are in the world and what your history is does matter. These are particularly important things to consider for those of us involved in older child adoptions. For reminding us of this by recounting her story and journey to uncover her own history, I applaud Deann Borshay Liem.
Rita Taddonio, LCSW Director, Spence-Chapin's Adoption Resource Center (ARC)


Image Image Image
Build grit and determination in your clients with the Develop Supreme Mental Toughness Hypnosis Script
Help your clients build the skills and resources to persist towards their goals even in the face of adversity
One of the greatest factors affecting whether people succeed in reaching their goals is their mental toughness, or grit: the capacity and willingness to keep going, no matter how hard it gets or what obstacles may stand in the way.
The Develop Supreme Mental Toughness Hypnosis Script from The Script Collection was put together to help clients develop the skills to maintain their resolve and push forward even in the face of setbacks.
The pre-talk discusses how people with great talent often don't live up to their "potential," and likewise, people with average abilities can end up achieving incredible things. It references a study that showed why this is: it was not intelligence, fitness, or leadership skills that determined success at a brutal training program for army cadets, but grit.
The pre-talk concludes by outlining the three core elements of grit that the hypnosis session aims to develop: a robust self-concept, the ability to manage your state of mind, and a sense of connection to the purpose behind the goal.
The induction begins by drawing the client's attention to the sound of the words, rather than necessarily focusing on their meaning. They are encouraged to start to drift into a "different space" in their mind as suggestions are made as to how the mind can naturally learn, reconfigure, and effect change on a subconscious level without any conscious effort.
Embedded commands instruct the client to rest and relax as they are guided into a "sanctuary of peace and calm." They are asked to notice the sounds, colors, and textures that contribute to that ever-deepening sense of relaxation.
Now a countdown gives the client time to prepare to enter a state of peak performance. As the countdown begins, the analogy of a loosening knot encourages the client to release any remaining tension from the body, before the analogy of a still lake promotes total calm and clarity of the mind.
As the countdown reaches one, the client is instructed to enter a state of "complete clarity and focus." Again an analogy is used as an aid, this time a tiger watching its prey, with powerful attention and dynamic focus. The client is guided to notice how the body feels when they are immersed in this deep focus, and to observe where that energy is concentrated.
Slowly, step by step, the client is guided through the process of engaging in their sport. They are guided to use their breath to release any distractions before surging into action, feeling an immense, concentrated determination as they do. Now they are asked to feel that power and focus kick into even higher gear "just when things seemed not to be going your way," discovering ever deeper reserves of power, drive, and grit.
Having experienced this sense of profound grit and determination, the client is now encouraged to reflect on how this changes their sense of self. The script guides this reflection, helping them recognize that no matter how strong they are, they are always learning, and there is always more to strive for and achieve. Finally, the focus moves to the deep sense of purpose and meaning behind this continual push to become stronger, building the client's willpower.
Now that the client has accessed these deep reserves of mental toughness, the situation of a setback is broached. The client is asked to notice that the same strength and determination are still there, and acknowledge that the emotions of the setback will pass, giving way to even greater strength and resilience, and even more successes and wins.
The concluding passage pulls everything together, with plenty of embedded commands to help the client "honestly and fully integrate" what they have absorbed during the session. They are encouraged to internalize this new version of self as "who they are": tough, resilient, and focused, but still a work in progress, capable of infinite improvement. Finally, the client is given permission to simply relax, forming a parallel with the importance of rest and recovery.
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text:
Ebenezer Rockwood Hoar was born in Concord, Massachusetts, on February 21, 1816. He graduated from Harvard in 1835, studied law there and received his LL.B. degree in 1839. He was admitted to the bar in 1840. He was judge of the court of common pleas in Boston from 1849 to 1855, and associate justice of the State supreme court from 1859 to 1869. President Grant appointed Hoar Attorney General of the United States on March 5, 1869. He was a member of the Joint High Commission which framed the Treaty of Washington with Great Britain in 1873 through 1875. From December 1873 to March 1875, Hoar was a Representative in Congress. He died on January 31, 1895 in Concord.
William Morris Hunt was born in Brattleboro, Vermont. He attended Harvard, but left before graduating. He studied art at Dusseldorf in Germany and with Thomas Couture in Paris. Hunt returned to the United States and settled in Boston. He was known for his landscapes, portraits and cameo portraits. He is remembered, too, for his murals in the State capitol in Albany, New York. His portrait of Attorney General Hoar was painted in 1870.


text:
Writing business reports is inseparably connected with the target audience. A business report will be read by a big number of people, which determines the peculiarities of the process of writing business reports. Thus, writing business reports requires clear understanding of who and why will read your business report.
Kinds of the Audience
There are three kinds of the audience:
- Primary audience. It includes the decision makers who will act considering the decisions presented in the report.
- Secondary audience. Though this group of readers will not make the decision based on your report, they will be interested in reading the report, as it affects their interests.
- Immediate audience. These people will investigate and evaluate your report, and present it to the wide audience.
The process of writing business reports requires that the peculiarities of these types of the audience should be considered.
Writing Business Reports Considering the Audience
Either you plan to write one version of the report or a number of them, use the following questions in order to specify the details of your future business report writing for each version:
- What is the audience's interest in terms of the topic of the report?
- Why will the audience read your report? What does it expect from your report?
- What is the audience's expected attitude to the topic?
- What reaction is the audience expected to have towards the report?
- Does the audience need detailed or brief presentation?
- Does it require providing detailed background?
- Is it necessary to explain the terms used in the report?
- Should you use the simple language when writing your business report or the higher level of complexity is required?
Answer all the questions before writing your business report, choose the level of complexity, and define what you should highlight.
Do not forget that writing a business report is a means of communication between the author and the audience. In your report, you have to explain, demonstrate, and persuade, and considering the target audience when writing a business report increases your chances to succeed.


Happy Thanksgiving!!!
Here's wishing everyone a Happy Thanksgiving. Hope you are surrounded by friends and family (if not eat a giant slice of pie anyways).
Hungry Cat
Hungry Cat
credit malicher.com/
credit malicher.com/
Importance of science
There's a great article on the importance of Astronomy at the following IAU website – Why is Astronomy Important?
The fact is, that we live in a political climate where research funding (apart from defense spending) is questioned and looked at suspiciously. The canadian research agency recently announced that it will only fund relevant research i.e. apparently stuff with commercial value (read this great BAD Astronomy article on it).
Articles detailing the specific value of a science can seem to some as trite and missing the bigger picture but as scientists it would be good to read what direct benefits our field has had for the wider populace. If nothing else to answer questions related to why the public should fund basic science. A common question I get asked both here in the US and when I travel home to India is, 'You actually get paid to do this?'. As if studying astronomy and trying to answer some of our most fundamental questions is somehow an unworthy task :/.
Second post…
Theres two reasons why this page exists.


Animal Path
Revision as of 02:37, September 14, 2013 by Omnibender (Talk | contribs)
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Animal Path
 - Through one of Nagato's Paths.
 - Through Nagato.
Kanji 畜生道
Rōmaji Chikushōdō
Literal English Animal Path
Alternative names Animal Realm
Manga Volume #41, Chapter #374
Anime Naruto Shippūden Episode #130
Game Naruto Shippūden: Ultimate Ninja Heroes 3
Appears in Anime, Manga, Game
Classification Rinnegan Kekkei Genkai, Ninjutsu, Dōjutsu
Class Offensive, Defensive, Supplementary
Other jutsu
Parent jutsu
Derived jutsu
Summoning Rinnegan
Buddhists believe that animals inhabit in a different dimension sepparated of the humans not spatially but mentally, an unhappy plane of rebirth which revolves around fear, instinct, survival of the fittest, suffer by those animals that work for humans and above all suffer of ignorance and not having clarity to what is happening to them.
 1. Naruto chapter 551, page 6
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Can anyone point to an article or code samples anywhere on how to provide BOTH editing AND range selection in a TStringGrid?
Yes, I KNOW there are third-party grids that do this, but it's frustrating that the built-in grid lacks this basic capability.
It's pretty normal to expect to be able to both edit a cell in a grid, and also to select a range of cells such as for a Copy operation.
As delivered, TStringGrid doesn't do that. It's either/or. In fact, the docs tell us about the grid Options, "When goEditing is included in Options, goRangeSelect has no effect".
However, it looks like it may be possible to do editing and rangeselects in a TStringGrid anyway!!! Through careful use of the mousedown, mouseup, selectcell and exit events, you can get dang close by switching editing elements on and off at the right times. But I still don't have it perfect, and that only covers mouse use, not keyboard changes.
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1 Answer 1
I have not used the TStringGrid for this, so I can't provide a specific answer. But am I right in assuming you can manually (in code) start a cell being edited? That link implies it is possible even if the grid doesn't have goEditing included in its Options. (See below to work around this if this is not true.)
If so, I'd suggest the following approach:
Combined selection and edit behaviour
I find this is a good, Windows-standard-behaviour sort of approach:
 - Leave the grid in selection mode, so mouse and keyboard interaction selects cells
 - Trigger a cell being edited yourself, based on certain criteria (I think you are on the way to doing this from what you said in your last paragraph.) There are common ways to trigger editing, and the following criteria are what my programs follow when they do something similar with other controls:
 - Selection is normal. Ie, click to select, click and drag to multi-select, use the keyboard arrows and Shift or Control to select, etc.
 - A cell enters edit mode when either:
 1. A cell is selected and the user presses Enter or F2 (F2 is the standard "Rename" or "Edit" shortcut, which works in a number of programs)
 2. The user "slow-double-clicks" on a cell - ie, slow-double-clicks to select and edit, or clicks again, after a pause, on an already-selected cell. This mimics Explorer's behaviour, where if a file is selected and you later click on it, it enters the inline edit/rename mode. To implement this, record when a cell was last clicked (and selected.) If it is clicked again, and if the time is greater than GetDoubleClickTime then they have clicked twice, slowly, and enter edit mode. This allows you to distinguish between the first click to select, a double-click (to perform some kind of action), and a slow second click, to enter edit mode.
 I also tend to check the mouse position, so that if an object is slow-double-clicked and it wasn't first selected (ie, this both selects the object and then enters edit mode) I verify the mouse hasn't moved very much. I use GetSystemMetrics to find the double-click distance, and check that the slow double click was within this box. (Because it's not a true doubleclick, I actually check the distance times 2. My action code is:
 const int iMAX_MOVE_AMOUNT = ::GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYDOUBLECLK) * 2; (sorry, C++ not Delphi, but should be convertable easily enough!)
 but I'm actually not certain if this is completely and utterly 100% to Windows guidelines. In practice users find it works as they expect, though.)
That should let you change between selecting and editing at the appropriate times with both the keyboard and the mouse.
Miscellaneous thoughts
You may find some of this is cleaner and easier to implement by subclassing TStringGrid and creating a new component. That will allow you to implement this in normal code and override the inbuilt behaviour (rather than event handlers) while keeping it invisible to the form code. It will also give you lower-level access to the mouse events or Windows messages than are exposed simply through events such as OnMouseDown. Finally, if there are problems with showing the editor when goEditing is included in Options, this will allow you to change that behaviour. You could also add your own events if you want your code to respond to certain things happening, such as creating an OnBeginEdit event, say.
Creating your own components is normally regarded as an advanced Delphi topic, but it's actually remarkably easy once you know how! This site has a few good topics that will introduce you to the subject in general, and if you go this route and encounter problems, Stack Overflow is of course a good place to ask questions :) The Embarcadero Delphi » VCL » Writing Components newsgroup / forum is also an excellent resource, in fact possibly even better than SO for this specific topic.
Hope that helps!
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text:
Lord Haw-Haw was the nickname of several announcers on the English language propaganda radio programme Germany Calling, broadcast by Nazi German radio to audiences in Great Britain on the medium wave station Reichssender Hamburg and by shortwave to the United States. The programme started on 18 September, 1939 and continued until 30 April, 1945, when Hamburg was overrun by the British Army. The nickname generally refers to William Joyce, who was the German radio's most prominent English language speaker, but was also applied to other speakers.
Through such broadcasts, the Third Reich
attempted to discourage and demoralize British and American troops and the British population within radio listening range, to suppress the effectiveness of the Allied
war effort through propaganda, and to motivate the Allies to agree to peace terms leaving the Nazi regime intact and in power. Among many techniques used, the Nazi broadcasts prominently reported on the shooting down of Allied aircraft and the sinking of Allied ships, presenting discouraging reports of high losses and casualties among Allied forces. Although the broadcasts were widely known to be Nazi propaganda, they frequently offered the only details available from behind enemy lines concerning the fate of friends and relatives who did not return from bombing raids over Germany. As a result, Allied troops and civilians frequently listened to Lord Haw-Haw's broadcasts in spite of the sometimes infuriating content and frequent inaccuracies and exaggerations, in the hopes of learning clues about the fate of Allied troops and air crews.
Origin of the name
The term "Lord Haw-Haw" was originally the nickname of James Brudenell, 7th Earl of Cardigan
, a 19th century British general, and the man who led The Charge of the Light Brigade
at the Battle of Balaclava
. The pseudonymous
radio critic Jonah Barrington
of the Daily Express
was the first to use the epithet to describe a German broadcaster, in an attempt to reduce his possible impact: "He speaks English
of the haw-haw, dammit-get-out-of-my-way-variety". However, the history of the name is somewhat confused; it was actually applied to a number of different announcers. Even soon after Barrington coined the nickname, it was uncertain exactly which German broadcaster he was describing. Some people just used "Lord Haw-Haw" as a generic term to describe all English-language German broadcasters. Poor reception may have added to some people's difficulties distinguishing between broadcasters.
Announcers using the pseudonym
A number of announcers could have been Lord Haw-Haw:
- Wolf Mittler was a German national with a British education who spoke as the caricature of an upper-class Englishman. His persona was described by some listeners as similar to the fictional aristocrat Bertie Wooster. Most people who have examined the issue have concluded that it was probably Mittler whose voice Barrington described. Under Mittler, the program reached its greatest popularity in Britain and Ireland, with over six million listeners.
- Norman Baillie-Stewart was a former officer of the Seaforth Highlanders who was cashiered for selling secrets to Germany. He worked as a broadcaster for the Germans for a short time in 1939. He was jailed for five years by the British after the war. For a time he claimed that he was the original Lord Haw-Haw. He did have an upper-class accent, which supported his original claim; however, he later came around to the view that it was probably Mittler whose voice Barrington had heard.
- Eduard Dietze, a broadcaster of mixed German-British-Hungarian family background, is another possible, but less likely candidate for the original Lord Haw-Haw.
- William Joyce replaced Mittler in 1939. Joyce was American-born and raised in Ireland. Although a Catholic, as a teenager he informed on the IRA rebels to the British forces during the Anglo-Irish War. He was also formerly a senior member of the British Union of Fascists, and fled England when tipped off about his planned internment on August 26, 1939. He was the main German broadcaster in English for most of the war, and became a naturalised German citizen; he is usually regarded as "Lord Haw-Haw," even though he was probably not the person to whom the term originally referred. He had a peculiar hybrid accent that was not of the conventional upper class variety. His distinctive pronunciation of "Jairmany calling, Jairmany calling" which can be described as a "nasal drawl," may have been the result of a broken nose.
Later history and aftermath
After Joyce took over, Mittler was paired with the American-born announcer Mildred Gillars in the Axis Sally program and also broadcast to ANZAC forces in North Africa. Mittler survived the war and appeared on postwar German television. Baillie-Stewart was sentenced to five years' imprisonment. Joyce was captured by British forces in northern Germany just as the war ended, tried, and eventually hanged for treason on January 3, 1946. Joyce's defense team, appointed to him by the court, argued that, as an American citizen and naturalised German, Joyce could not have been convicted of treason against the British Crown. However, the prosecution successfully argued on the basis of a technicality that having lied about his nationality to obtain a British passport and to vote, Joyce owed allegiance to the King.
The decision to hang him was made perhaps because of the fear his alleged omniscience had inspired. As J.A. Cole has written, "The British public would not have been surprised if, in that Flensburg wood, Haw-Haw had carried in his pocket a secret weapon capable of annihilating an armoured brigade."
- Biggs, Stanley Champion. As Luck Would Have It in War and Peace (Victoria, Canada: Trafford Publishing, 2008)
- Cole, J.A. Lord Haw-Haw & William Joyce: The Full Story (New York, 1965)


text:
The Governor Brothers
The Governor family lived in the Gresford, Paterson and Vacy areas but were moved onto the reserve system along with other Aboriginal families in the early 1890s.
Tommy Governor and his sons, Joe and Jimmy worked on several stations along the Paterson River and Allynbrook, including that belonging to the Boydell family. The Governors worked as cattlemen and as horse-breakers.
In 1896, Jimmy enlisted as a tracker with the New South Wales mounted police. He was stationed at Cassilis Police station for a year before he left, apparently frustrated by the lack of advancement and dissatisfaction with his colleagues.
In December 1898, he married 16 year old Ethel Page at a time when marriage between an Aboriginal man and a white woman was seen as very controversial. The couple moved to Breelong in the Gilgandra region and Jimmy worked as a fencing contractor for John Mawbey.
Ethel worked as a house maid for the Mawbey family, however she was never paid for this work. Instead, they relied on rations from the Mawbeys. Dissatisfaction regarding rations, payments and slurs on their interracial marriage created tensions which came to a head on the night of 20 July, 1900.
Jimmy decided to face John Mawbey and try to settle his grievances, taking along his wife Ethel, his brother Joe and friend Jack Underwood. Negotiation with John Mawbey over rations was resolved peacefully, however Jimmy then decided to confront Mrs Mawbey and the family's teacher, Ellen Kerz over their treatment of Ethel. Jimmy's evidence given at his trial regarding that night stated that the women had insulted him, saying, 'You want shooting for marrying a white woman…With that I hit her with my hand in the jaw and knocked her down. Then I got annoyed and I did not know nothing after that.'
Mrs Mawbey was struck violently, dying three days later. While son Percy was also struck down, the teacher, Ellen, along with girls Grace and Hilda escaped out of a window. They were not fast enough and Jimmy caught up to them and fatally assaulted them with a weapon described as a nullah or boondi.
The Breelong massacre, as the event came to be known, was swift and violent, five people were killed and one seriously wounded.
A number of stories and ballads were composed about the event, which reflect some of the social attitudes held at the time about Aboriginal people.
The news of the murder of the Mawbey family spread quickly through the region and the hunt was on to capture the Governor brothers and Underwood. Ethel fled to Dubbo with her baby as parties of armed civilians gathered for the search. Underwood was captured quickly, however the Governor brothers remained on the run for three months. This became the largest manhunt in Australia's history, ranging across 3000 kilometres of northern New South Wales and involved around 2000 civilians and police in tracking the brothers.
Jimmy Governor set about taking revenge on his enemies and travelled along the Goulburn River in the area of Wollar to settle old scores, mainly with men he had worked for who he believed had treated him badly. Most of these people had been warned of Jimmy's intentions and had abandoned their houses.


text:
Sarah Jane Weaver, Sarah Jane Weaver
NEW YORK CITY — Violence against women isn't just physical, it can be structural, the executive director of LDS Charities said Wednesday during a United Nations side event featuring the humanitarian outreach of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints to women worldwide.
"If women don't have access to health care because the roads are too dangerous, if they are turned away from care because they are too poor or too disabled, if there is no equipment to save their newborn, if no one believes girls need wheelchairs — they are bullied by a societal structure that is so much bigger and meaner than they have power to fight," said Sharon Eubank, the first woman to lead LDS Charities.
The LDS Church hosted the event as part of the United Nations' Commission on the Status of Women. Featured speakers included Eubank; Ambassador Charles T. Ntwaagae, Botswana's permanent representative to the United Nations; and Dr. Dennis C. and Nancy C. Hughes, LDS humanitarian medical trainers. Anna Thompson-Quaye, deputy director of the GAVI Alliance, a Geneva-based agency that provides vaccines to children, was scheduled to participate but was delayed in Washington, D.C., by inclement weather.
Eubank expressed appreciation for those on the program, "who make the work of LDS Charities possible on both a national and grass roots level."
During the past quarter-century, the LDS Church has provided assistance to nearly 30 million people in 179 countries.
But Eubank began her remarks talking about a humanitarian effort that predates LDS Charities. She spoke of the Salt Lake Valley in 1870, when inexperienced midwifery and home births contributed to a high infant mortality rate. She said "a visionary woman named Eliza Snow" went to the territory governor with a plan, requesting that six women be sent to the Eastern United States and trained in medicine. They would return and train others.
One 28-year-old woman, Ellis Shipp, left Salt Lake City for medical school. She was expecting a baby herself, found a job guarding the cadaver lab at night and studied by candlelight.
"In 1879 she came back to Salt Lake City with a medical degree," Eubank said. "Over her lifetime she delivered 5,000 babies. And she trained 500 midwives to be certified and licensed. She was the beginning of the drop of the infant mortality rate in (Utah)."
That work completed more than 150 years ago — by women who were poor and had many barriers — became the underpinnings of the work by LDS Charities today, Eubank said.
She added that she hopes the discussion would be relevant "for all of you in this room, who are working on big important things that have a lot of barriers — and violence against women is one of these things."
Showing a picture of Shipp, Eubank said: "She does not look extraordinary. She looks like an ordinary woman of 1879. But she did extraordinary things for that time that are still going on now."
Eubank said LDS Charities' great strength — which may be unique in the world — is the organization's ability to combine big vision and strategic multilateral relationships with grass roots voluntarism to tackle intractable problems.
The work of LDS Charities — given in the form of emergency response after disasters and through major initiatives that provide, among other things, clean water, medical training, food production, vision care, immunizations and wheelchairs to those in need — "can not exist without local volunteers," she said.
During the program, Dennis and Nancy Hughes and Ambassador Ntwaagae focused on the practical application and impact of two of those initiatives.
Eubank said the work of Shipp has evolved into the modern-day work by LDS Charities on neonatal resuscitation training.
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Re: HEADERS, FOR whom - any ID?
From: Jon Barnett
Date: Mon, 6 Aug 2007 14:59:08 -0500
Message-ID:
To: _EMAIL_
On 8/6/07, Jason White wrote:
> >
> > I'd like to see a different tactic in this debate. Can someone explain
> > what the downside to including them is?
> that there should be no change in this respect, and leave the discussion
> there.
> If there is further discussion needed surrounding _USER_ and _USER_ in
> , this should be taken up in a separate thread.
The premise in the original post was that the same logic that applies
to table/_USER_ also applies to label/_USER_, so therefore, if there's
a consensus about label/_USER_, why doesn't that obviously apply to
table/_USER_? I can offer a couple reasons for this.
label/_USER_ has use cases that aren't covered by the alternate syntax -
putting inside . For example, there are obvious use
cases where the label is in one table cell, but the field is in
another, or the label is inside a and the field is inside a .
 In those cases, the only logical markup is to use _USER_.
But using _USER_ becomes cumbersome: 99 form fields leads to 99 unique
_USER_ attributes and 99 _USER_ attributes. It's cumbersome, but it's the
only option. Someone might propose an alternative that would simplify
this if they wanted, where _USER_ contained an XPath:
for="../following-sibling::dt/input" - that would prevent the need for
99 unique IDs on the page by instead using 99 identical _USER_
attributes. I'm not specifically proposing this, but that's an
example how syntax can be markup can be simplified for authors in a
way that keeps semantics.
On the other hand, I haven't yet seen a real-world use case where
_USER_ is needed in favor of _USER_ or simple implicit markup, and
the markup is more difficult for authors: each header needs a unique
ID and each cell needs to reference one or two of those IDs. If
there's a real-world use case where _USER_ just can't cut it, then it
shouldn't be an issue.
Debi Orton wrote:
> The most useful example I've found of using headers/id is for
> extremely dense tables of such size that reiteration of row and
> column headers is necessary to place the information in context.
Can you give an example of those where the semantics of _USER_ don't suffice?
Jon Barnett
Received on Monday, 6 August 2007 19:59:11 UTC


text:
Ciencia del suelo
versión On-line ISSN _PHONE_
Austrocedrus chilensis forests suffer a widespread mortality locally known as «mal del ciprés» (cypress disease) whose cause remains controversial. Previous studies suggested Phytophthora austrocedrae as the biotic cause; however, the origin of the mortality is still being studied since there are affected areas not connected with Phytophthora. The soil was proved to be an important factor affecting the disease. The purpose of this article was to study soil chemical properties related to A. chilensis disease. Four sampling sites with A. chilensis dense forests developed on different types of soils were selected in the 16 de Octubre Valley (Chubut province, Argentine). In each of them, pairs of plots that differed in disease symptoms were established. Each pair included a plot with an advanced degree of disease (diseased plot) and another that did not exhibit symptoms (asymptomatic plot). Eight plots were included in the control forests, where the disease was totally absent. In each plot, a soil sample from the A horizon was collected for chemical analyses. This study showed high soil chemical fertility in all the forest soils, with high contents of organic matter, nitrogen, exchangeable cations and high cation exchange capacity. Differences between diseased forests and control forests were found for the following properties: sum of bases, base saturation, calcium, pH NaF and phosphorus. These differences could be associated with the drainage conditions and may also be associated to the presence of Phytophthora.
Palabras clave : Cypress; Chemical properties; Phytophthora austrocedrae.


What are computer storage devices and computer memory unit also describe the various storage devices
Overview – Meaning and Definition of Computer Memory Unit, types of storage devices, meaning of primary storage/primary storage devices/ random access memory/ secondary storage devices/ floppy disc drive/ hard drive/ magnetic tape/ diskettes/ compact disc/ digital versatile disc and USB flesh drives
Computer Memory Unit:
What is Memory Unit of Computer?
A data storage device is a device for recording (storing) information (data). Recording can be done using virtually any form of energy, spanning from manual muscle power in handwriting, to acoustic vibrations in phonographic recording, to electromagnetic energy modulating magnetic tape and optical discs.A storage device is a hardware device capable of storing information. There are two types of storage devices used in computers; a primary storage device such as computer RAM and a secondary storage device such as a computer hard disk drive.
Hierarchy of Storage:
Types and Classification of Storage Devices:
Primary Storage :- (Meaning of Primary Storage) - Primary storage (or main memory or internal memory), often referred to simply as memory, is the only one directly accessible to the CPU. The CPU continuously reads instructions stored there and executes them as required. Any data actively operated on is also stored there in uniform manner.
Primary Storage Device :- Also known as internal memory and main memory, primary storage is a storage location that holds memory for short periods of times while the computer is on. For example, computer RAM and cache are both examples of a primary storage device. This type of storage is the fastest type of memory in your computer and is used to store data while it's being used. For example, when you open a program data is moved from the secondary storage into the primary storage.
Random Access Memory :- RAM, also known as main memory or system memory, is a term commonly used to describe the memory within a computer.Unlike ROM, RAM is a volatile memory and requires power; if power is lost, all data is also lost. Below is an example image of a 512MB DIMM memory stick.Over the evolution of computers there has been several different types of RAM used in computer. Some of the more common examples are: DIMM, RIMM, SIMM, SO-DIMM, and SOO-RIMM.
Secondary storage device:- Also known as external memory and auxiliary storage, secondary storage is a storage medium that holds information until it is deleted or overwritten regardless if the computer has power. For example, a floppy disk drive and hard disk drive are both good examples of secondary storage devices. As can be seen by the below picture there are three different types of storage on a computer, although primary storage is accessed much faster than secondary storage because of the price and size limitations secondary storage is used with today's computers to store all your programs and your personal data. Finally, although off-line storage could be considered secondary storage, we've separated these into their own category because these types of media can be easily removed from the computer and stored elsewhere. Some other examples of secondary storage technologies are: flash memory (e.g. USB flash drives or keys), floppy disks, magnetic tape, paper tape, punched cards, standalone RAM disks, and Iomega Zip drives.
Floppy Disk Drive :- A Floppy Disk Drive, or FDD for short, is a computer disk drive that enables a user to easily save data to removable diskettes. Although 8" disk drives made available in 1971 were the first real disk drives, the first widely used an floppy disk drives were the 5 1/4" floppy disk drives, which were later replaced with 3 1/2" floppy disk drives. However, today because of the limited capacity and eliability of floppy diskettes many computers no longer come equipped with floppy disk drives and are being replaced with CD-R and other writable disc drives and flash drives.
Above is an example of each of the floppy drives.
Hard drive :-The computer's main storage media device used to permanently store all data on the computer. Also referred to as a hard disk drive or abbreviated as HD or HDD, the hard drive was first introduced on September 13, 1956 and consists of one or more hard disk platters inside of air sealed casing. Most hard drives are permanently stored in an internal drive bay at the front of the computer and are connected with either ATA, SCSI, or a SATA cable and power cable. Below is an illustration of the inside of a hard disk drive.
Magnetic tape :- Magnetic tape is a medium for magnetic recording, made of a thin magnetizable coating on a long, narrow strip of plastic. It was developed in Germany, based on magnetic wire recording. Devices that record and play back audio and video using magnetic tape are tape recorders and video tape recorders. A device that stores computer data on magnetic tape is a tape drive. Magnetic tape revolutionized broadcast and recording. When all radio was live, it allowed programming to be prerecorded. At a time when gramophone records were recorded in one take, it allowed recordings in multiple parts, which mixed and edited with tolerable loss in quality. It is a key technology in early computer development, allowing unparalleled amounts of data to be mechanically created, stored for long periods, and to be rapidly accessed.
Diskettes :- You can use the diskette to store small amounts of information. According to Mediastoragedevices.com, a widely used diskette has a capacity of 1.44 Mb. It records data as magnetized spots on tracks on its surface. Diskettes are portable, allowing you to move data from one computer to another. You have to ensure that you do not store data on the diskette for long periods, because as the magnetic field weakens, you risk losing your stored data.
listened to an unlimited number of times without losing quality. Audio tapes can start to lose quality after listening to them as few as ten times. This is because the laser that reads the data on a CD doesn't put pressure on the disc, whereas the play heads on a tape deck slowly wear away the magnetic strip on the tape.
USB Flash Drives:- The convenience of storing and transferring data in a device that is portable and has a large capacity comes with the USB flash drive. You only have to connect it to the computer through the USB port and transfer data from the computer to the flash drive and vice versa. It comes in various sizes (usually in gigabytes) to suit your usage needs and you can carry it in your pocket or wallet or on your key chain. Apart from being fast in uploading data, it also gives you the option of modifying the stored data by either erasing or rewriting according to your requirements.
Short exam hand made lecture notes of computer ICT practical file basics and Computer storage devices lecture notes
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text:
Data set ID:
Woody encroachment threatens the loss of remaining grasslands. Clonal shrubs are of particular concern because of their ability to resprout after disturbance, spread vegetatively, and share resources among interconnected stems. These traits contribute to the encroachment of deep-rooted clonal shrubs in tallgrass prairie. In this study, we investigated how leaf physiological traits differ among interconnected stems within a dominant encroaching shrub in tallgrass prairie, Cornus drummondii.


From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Cheating happens when someone breaks rules or lies.
Exams[change | change source]
Cheating can be done in many ways. Some students cheat on a test by copying someone else's answers and writing secret notes. This is can get them kicked out of school.
Sport[change | change source]
People who break the rules of a game are cheating. For example, if someone holds the ball when playing soccer, they are cheating. Another form of cheating in sport is using performance-enhancing drugs; Ben Johnson and Lance Armstrong are examples of sportspeople who used drugs to cheat.
Relationships[change | change source]
When someone is in a relationship with another person and they kiss, date or have sex with someone else, they are cheating on the person they are in a relationship with - unless they are in an open relationship.
Laws[change | change source]
Local and national governments have laws. If someone breaks the law, they can be punished. If someone cheats in a way that is not illegal, they cannot be punished by law. Some common punishments include jail and fines.
Regulations[change | change source]
Organizations, such as schools, can have rules. Rules are not laws, but people can still be punished for breaking a rule.
In games[change | change source]
The first cheat in video games was thought to be the "Konami Code", a code Konami used to test a game that was too hard for them to do alone.[1] See cheat code for more on cheating in video games.
References[change | change source]
 1. The First Cheating Code? What is the First Cheat Code? Archived 10 July 2007 at WebCite


Farmers losing crops to weather changes
Produce could be more expensive
 UPDATED 7:37 AM MST Jan 18, 2013
The extreme back and forth weather is killing crops and now, farmers are saying produce could be more expensive at the grocery store.
Months ago, the nation was in a severe drought and lacking water. Now the metro area is experiencing a cold snap. The harsh weather was too much of a toll on agriculture and therefore a lot of that agriculture didn't make it.
Wesely James, the general manager at Skarsgard Farms, told Action 7 News they've seen about $5,000 in damage over the last few months. While two acres of their 15 acre farm is in greenhouses and under plastic, the farm has still lost lettuce, kale and chard. James said because it has been so cold in the morning, a lot of the plants have gotten frost. In the afternoon, the sun beats down on the greenhouses, and the plants get really warm. Typically, the sun is good for the plants, but not when they have frost on them.
In addition, the plants lack water at times. When temperatures reach below freezing, the farm's irrigation pipes freeze and it takes a while to thaw out meaning throughout the day, water can't run.
"It's always a tricky time of year," he said.
James said they will likely keep their prices similar to what they were last year. He stresses buying local for that reason. Yet, produce coming from other areas will likely be a bit more in price compared to 2012.
Right now, the farm is harvesting carrots, beets, radishes and they have lavender planted as well. James said these plants can withstand the cold temperatures and extreme weather because the edible parts are beneath the ground.
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Welcome to Temple Class
Our aim in Temple Class is to provide a broad and balanced curriculum that reflects the student's age and stage in their educational journey. The students in Temple class follow the Willow Pathway. Within the Willow pathway, the curriculum content is delivered to provide a rich and purposeful content which highlights the bigger picture for the learning and enables learners to practice and embed learned skills functionally. This approach to delivering the curriculum guarantees that personalized learning is manufactured in an all-inclusive structure. Optimum learning for pupils following the Willow pathway occurs when the learning opportunities are related to their own practical experiences. In Temple Class we provide not only relevant topic-based learning, but also practical and functional experiences that will allow pupils to generalize the knowledge and skills learned at St. Nicholas School. At this stage, we begin to focus on preparing our pupils for the future by equipping them with the tools required for a successful transition into adulthood. Our ultimate goal in Temple Class is to provide an engaging, highly motivating, and bespoke education for learners by creating meaningful and enticing learning opportunities that foster independence, confidence, and resilience which can be generalized to the world around them.
Temple class has had an incredible start to the 2023-2024 school year! In terms 1 and 2 our key topic is honesty. We will be reading The Crucible in English, and we will be continuing our phonics lessons in reading. We will also be learning about elements and compounds in our science sessions and learning about self-esteem in PSHE.
We will have P.E enrichment every Tuesday afternoon, so if students would like to bring a P.E kit to change into then they can. Additionally, we will have swimming Thursday afternoons in term 2 at Kingsmead, so please send your child with a swim kit.
The timetable as well as our key learning topics are posted in our Class Documents section. If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact me via email.
Home Learning Project
Class Trip Letter


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I recently hung out with some friends from Lima. What I noticed was that the way they spoke had some subtle and interesting differences from how some of my friends from the Sierra speak. What I found out was that there are some slang terms in Spanish that are unique to Limeños (people from the capital city/ province of Lima). Here are 3 new slang terms that I learned how to use. I look forward to trying them out next time I am in the big city of Lima.
The first term I started hearing with frequency was 'manyas'. It got tossed in at the end of majority of the sentences. What I found out was that manyas gets used to check for understanding. Or to verify that the person is listening or on the same page as the speaker. It's like saying "you get what I mean" in English. For example, Estaba tan molesto cuando obtuvieron mal mi pedido, ¿Manyas? Acababa de gastar todo ese dinero por nada " (I was so upset when they got my order wrong, you know what I mean? I had just spent all that money for nothing).
Another term I heard quite frequently was 'alucina'. Instead of getting used at the end of sentences, this slang would pop up towards the beginnings. It comes from the Spanish word alucinar, which literally means to hallucinate. Alucina is like saying "imagine" in English. For example, Alucina si ganamos la lotería! (Imagine if we won the lottery).
The third uniquely Limeño slang that I learned might be my favorite slang to date. It gets used in all different types of ways. It's very versatile and adds an interesting flavor or color to the way you speak. Culo in Spanish literally means ass. However, when used as a slang term, it references a lot of something. In English, its like saying "a shit ton". For example, Tenía que trabajar por un culo de tiempo (I had to work a shit ton). It might not be the cleanest way to speak, but its authentic!


01207 230 728 _EMAIL_
The bulk metal foil resistor was first developed by Dr Felix Zandman (who went on to found Vishay) in the early 1960's and is now a mainstream resistor technology. In this post, we compare the performance of bulk metal foil resistor technology with thick film.
Construction Comparison
The bulk metal foil manufacturing process involves attaching a bulk metal foil to a ceramic substrate using an adhesive. A photoetching process is then used to form the resistor pattern. The final step is to adjust the resistor value and tolerance using a laser.
Thick film resistors are manufactured by printing a paste containing a glassy frit carrier, metal oxides and a binder onto a substrate (usually Alumina). The paste is then fired at high temperature. During firing the carrier material burns off, the metal oxides combine to form the resistor film and the glassy frit binder melts to hold the resistor material in place.
Performance Overview
The key parameters to consider when choosing a resistor device are:
The resistor value.
Tolerance – both initial and end of life.
Stability over time.
Voltage co-efficient of resistance (VCR).
Temperature co-efficient of resistance (TCR).
Power handling capability.
ESD immunity.
Size, weight and footprint.
Although custom thick film resistor devices produced by specialist manufacturers can deliver long term stability and tolerances comparable to metal foil devices the stability over time, tolerance, TCR, ESD survivability and noise performance of the foil resistor devices is generally significantly better than standard thick film resistor products.
However, thick film technology offers a greater variety of resistance values, significantly improved power handling capability, improved size per unit resistance (smaller size), improved high frequency performance and significantly lower cost.
The limitations of bulk foil resistor in power applications coupled with their excellent stability, TCR and noise performance means they are better suited to precision applications. In contrast, the low cost and high resistance density of thick film make them more suited to a wide range of general applications, particularly higher power applications. Bulk metal foil resistors often compete more with thin film resistor devices than thick film.
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Learn more physics!
I have been unable to find this question answered and you guys have the most user friendly website I have found. My questions is:
What materials would prevent two magnets from attracting to each other when placed between them?
Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Magnetic fields don't penetrate type I superconductors, so a big sheet
of one of them would work. Of course it would have to be kept cold, and
if the fields are too big it just quits superconducting.
Highly magnetizable material (mu-metal) can also work, if it's
arranged in the right geometry. Mu-metal does the opposite of the
superconductor. It pulls magnetic field lines in, rather than expelling
them. A loop of mu-metal from one pole to the other of one of the
magnets would keep that magnet's field from extending out as much as it
normally would. Of course, a strip of mumetal from one magnet toward
the other magnet can actually increase the attraction.
(published on 10/22/2007)
Follow-up on this answer.


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can be configured with any view registration mechanism: _USER_ decorator, ZCML, or imperative add_view styles.
Most web applications need to accept form submissions from web browsers and various other clients. In Pyramid, form submission handling logic is always part of a view. For a general overview of how to handle form submission data using the WebOb API, see Request and Response Objects and "Query and POST variables" within the WebOb documentation. Pyramid defers to WebOb for its request and response implementations, and handling form submission data is a property of the request implementation. Understanding WebOb's request API is the key to understanding how to process form submission data.
There are some defaults that you need to be aware of when trying to handle form submission data in a Pyramid view. Having high-order (i.e., non-ASCII) characters in data contained within form submissions is exceedingly common, and the UTF-8 encoding is the most common encoding used on the web for character data. Since Unicode values are much saner than working with and storing bytestrings, Pyramid configures the WebOb request machinery to attempt to decode form submission values into Unicode from UTF-8 implicitly. This implicit decoding happens when view code obtains form field values via the request.params, request.GET, or request.POST APIs (see pyramid.request for details about these APIs).
Many people find the difference between Unicode and UTF-8 confusing. Unicode is a standard for representing text that supports most of the world's writing systems. However, there are many ways that Unicode data can be encoded into bytes for transit and storage. UTF-8 is a specific encoding for Unicode, that is backwards-compatible with ASCII. This makes UTF-8 very convenient for encoding data where a large subset of that data is ASCII characters, which is largely true on the web. UTF-8 is also the standard character encoding for URLs.
As an example, let's assume that the following form page is served up to a browser client, and its action points at some Pyramid view code:
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The myview view code in the Pyramid application must expect that the values returned by request.params will be of type unicode, as opposed to type str. The following will work to accept a form post from the above form:
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def myview(request): firstname = request.params['firstname'] lastname = request.params['lastname']
But the following myview view code may not work, as it tries to decode already-decoded (unicode) values obtained from request.params:
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def myview(request): # the.decode('utf-8') will break below if there are any high-order # characters in the firstname or lastname firstname = request.params['firstname'].decode('utf-8') lastname = request.params['lastname'].decode('utf-8')
For implicit decoding to work reliably, you should ensure that every form you render that posts to a Pyramid view explicitly defines a charset encoding of UTF-8. This can be done via a response that has a ;charset=UTF-8 in its Content-Type header; or, as in the form above, with a meta http-equiv tag that implies that the charset is UTF-8 within the HTML head of the page containing the form. This must be done explicitly because all known browser clients assume that they should encode form data in the same character set implied by Content-Type value of the response containing the form when subsequently submitting that form. There is no other generally accepted way to tell browser clients which charset to use to encode form data. If you do not specify an encoding explicitly, the browser client will choose to encode form data in its default character set before submitting it, which may not be UTF-8 as the server expects. If a request containing form data encoded in a non-UTF8 charset is handled by your view code, eventually the request code accessed within your view will throw an error when it can't decode some high-order character encoded in another character set within form data, e.g., when request.params['somename'] is accessed.
If you are using the Response class to generate a response, or if you use the render_template_* templating APIs, the UTF-8 charset is set automatically as the default via the Content-Type header. If you return a Content-Type header without an explicit charset, a request will add a ;charset=utf-8 trailer to the Content-Type header value for you, for response content types that are textual (e.g. text/html, application/xml, etc) as it is rendered. If you are using your own response object, you will need to ensure you do this yourself.
Only the values of request params obtained via request.params, request.GET or request.POST are decoded to Unicode objects implicitly in the Pyramid default configuration. The keys are still (byte) strings.


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Standardized definitions help code officials understand just exactly what tents and fabric structures are and how they differ from rigid structures.
For over a year now, the Building Code Committee of the Industrial Fabrics Association International (IFAI) has been discussing definitions for terms that affect the industry. The following standard definitions were created for common fabric structures and accessories. With the hope of standardizing definitions across the industry, the Building Code Committee believes this is the start of a simple way to help code officials to understand exactly what a fabric structure is. Also, these definitions allow designers and manufacturers to have one voice in describing their products to code officials, engineers and others who require this information. These definitions were last revised on September 13, 2004.
Air-Inflated Structure: A structure that uses air-pressurized membrane beams, arches or other elements to enclose space. Occupants of such a structure do not occupy the pressurized area used to support the structure.
Air-Supported Structure: A building wherein the shape of the structure is attained by air pressure. Occupants of the structure are within the elevated pressure area.
Awning: An architectural fabric projection that provides weather protection, identity or decoration and is wholly supported by the building to which it is attached.
Banner: A piece of fabric or other pliable material attached to a structure, staff or pole for the purpose of design, information or identification.
Cable Net Structure: Single-layered anticlastic surface made of two sets of closely spaced cables that are orthogonal (or nearly so) to one another. The net usually supports a fabric or other pliable material.
Cable-and-Strut (or Tensegrity) Structure: A planar or curvilinear structure composed of short discontinuous compression elements (struts) connected by tensile members (cables) to form a coherent configuration. Such structures are often referred to as "tensegrity" structures.
Canopy: An architectural fabric projection that provides weather protection, identity or decoration and is supported by the building to which it is attached and at the outer end by not less than one stanchion.
Flag: A piece of fabric or other pliable material of a distinctive color and design used as a symbol, standard or emblem attached at one side or two or more points.
Frame-Supported Fabric Structure: A structure that is comprised of a frame or frames that form a load-bearing structure without the aid of any fabric or other pliable material. However, the membrane may contribute toward the stability of the structure.
Free-Standing Canopy: A self-supporting frame structure covered with fabric or pliable material.
Geodesic Dome: Spherical, singleor double-layered shells made up of hexagons and pentagons.
Graphics: Visual representations used to identify, inform, direct or stimulate the viewer.
Grid Shell Structure: A curvilinear surface (synclastic or anticlastic) composed of linear elements configured to form squares, triangles and/or parallelograms. They may be singleor double-layered, and sometimes employ in-plane cables for stability and shear resistance.
Marquee: A lightweight frame structure or series of perimeter poles and/or masts covered with fabric or pliable material adjoined to one or more structures.
Retractable Awning: A moveable awning that rolls or folds against a building or other structure by which it is entirely supported.
Sidewalls: Sections of tensioned or non-tensioned fabric or other pliable materials attached to the tent at the eave for the purpose of enclosing or dividing the structure.
Temporary Structure: Any structure that will be used for a period of not more than 180 days within a 12-month period on a single premise.
Tensile (or Tension) Structure: A structure that is characterized by a tensioning of the fabric or pliable material system (typically with wire or cable) to provide the critical structural support to the structure.
Tensile Tent: A structure that shares some characteristics with the pole-supported tent but relies on the tensioning of the fabric or pliable material for its structural integrity and shape.
Tent: A structure, enclosure or shelter constructed of fabric or pliable material supported by any manner except air or the contents that it protects.


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Trays of wild rice growing in the AWS office
It's been quite a winter (and now, basically, spring!) for these wild rice seeds, which have come a long way from when we harvested them last fall. Looking at what we've done to store and propagate them, it's really interesting to compare it to the normal cycle of life for a wild rice plant in our watershed.
Let's start with the seed. The wild rice around our watershed usually are ready to harvest around September, all the way through October. Around that time, as the fall weather gets colder and turns to winter, the wild rice seeds that remain are either eaten by the birds or lie dormant in pockets of mud.
The AWS education and stewardship teams were fortunate to have sixteen students from Georgetown Day School over on February 28 for a morning of watershed education, hard work, and even a little bit of fun. These students spent most of their time planting rice sprouts in preparation for a wetland stewardship project in several weeks. So far they have been responsible for creating a healthy sand and soil mixture, filling several flats with this mixture, and then very delicately placing the germinated seeds just under the surface of the soil. All told, we now have 512 new rice "plugs" under grow lights here in our office. It is obvious that these students did an excellent job, as many of these rice plants have sprouted stems of a couple centimeters and a few even have tiny leaves already! This was our first Rice Rangers planting activity of the season and it has set a great precedent for our work to come. Thanks to the Georgetown Day School students for all their hard work!
AWS Rice Rangers ready to restore the wetlands!
The North Face has awarded a $2,500 grant to the Anacostia Watershed Society to help children explore the outdoors through our Rice Rangers program. AWS was selected from hundreds of applications because of our commitment to innovative hands-on watershed education. In the final grant cycle of 2011, The North Face awarded $125,000 Explore Fund grants to 51 projects helping more than 30,000 kids to connect to nature.
"We believe in the importance of bringing youth together from diverse backgrounds and providing them with opportunities to get outdoors," said Ann Krcik, director of Outdoor Exploration at The North Face. "We support organizations that work to create these opportunities for youth because we've seen firsthand how these programs can ignite a passion for the outdoors and teach them the importance of protecting the places we play for generations to come."
Stay informed of the latest watershed issues by subscribing to our free email updates & event announcements.


By Paul Lupo
St. Lukes Health CEO
I would like to tell you the story of Miss B in order to demonstrate the importance of healthcare providers working collaboratively.
Miss B is 85 and lives alone in an independent living village. She has a regular GP who helps manage her heart condition. One weekend, Miss B wasn't feeling well and was attended to by a different GP. The GP diagnosed her with a urine infection and told her to drink plenty of fluids.
Miss B did as she was instructed and became short of breath – the extra fluids she had consumed altered her fluid balance and impacted on her heart condition.
The 'new' GP did not know about Miss B's heart condition and treated her appropriately for a urine infection, however, Miss B wasn't well educated about her condition and didn't comprehend the impacts of drinking too much.
She could have ended up in hospital.
As proven by Miss B's story, patient-centric healthcare needs to be at the heart of what those in the health sector do and increased collaboration between all levels of the healthcare system is the best way to ensure this.
Too often it is reported that while our healthcare system is world-class, its fragmented nature can lead to a disconnect between service providers.
This lack of communication can affect even the most basic health issues like managing blood pressure or your medications. For an older person such as Miss B, who has multiple chronic conditions with several different providers managing different aspects of their care or condition, it is vital that collaboration between providers occurs.
A whole range of diagnostic tests and observations can be requested and reported, with at times little or no interaction between the providers administering each test.
Sounds like a perfect storm with less than optimal outcomes or worse.
Recently, St. LukesHealth attended a consumer-focused workshop with the Department of Health to talk about sub-acute care in Tasmania. The department heard very clearly from those in attendance that the voice of the patient or person is often drowned out in the system with a focus on what suits the services or providers. The department understood that there are healthcare access issues, including the non-existence of services in regions, the cost, location of service and knowledge of what is
The convenor asked the workshop if a navigator role would be useful and the overwhelming response was yes. Being able to speak to one person who could advise what services are available, where they are located, how to access them and the cost would provide much more transparency and more timely access to valuable services.
It is heartening to know that more and more providers are considering ways of making sure that the patient is at the centre of their care.
St.LukesHealth provides a holistic service to identified members with chronic disease to aid in averting preventable hospitalisations. The service involves comprehensive assessments and support, providing members and their carers with education and tools to better self-manage their conditions in association with their GP.
Medication errors account for many hospital admissions, so helping members understand their medications and the side effects and interactions with other over the counter medication is an important part of the service.
We are uniquely placed in Tasmania with one health service and one primary health network to take advantage of opportunities to improve services and access to those services for our population.
Working collaboratively with local, state and federal governments, consumers, providers and non-government organisations around chronic disease to improve transparency and
reducing siloed interventions can only result in positive outcomes.


Solar Hummingbird: Worse than the Real Thing
The Takaratomy Kotoridayori Humming Bird proves that solar power is not just for calculators and the hopeful/naive who believe it's not too late to stop global warming anymore. Solar technology has found a greater purpose in this world than determining the order of operations or allowing our children to "live" and "eat".
Solar power allows the Humming Bird to sing sporadically through the day, adding a general sense of peace and well-being to co-workers. Plus, the bird senses vibrations from those walking by, and serenades them into tranquility. For a mere $25, you can teach the world to sing, one cubical at a time.
In short, solar technology can torture your coworkers when you are not around.
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