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Creator: Exner, Martin
Description: Global health has in recent years drawn increasing scientific, political and popular attention not only due to global epidemics themselves,but also because of the social activities and environmental conditions that shape health threats and influence those who are affected. The study dealswith the issue of 'Sustainable Global Health'which has evolved from the realization that there will be no alleviation of poverty without success in control of serious public health threats, no economic prosperity and sustainability without a healthy workforce, and no social stability and peace as long as people have to suffer from insufficient health services, from malnutrition, from HIV/AIDS pandemics, or from lack of safe water. The study addresses a broad range of issues related to human health at regional and global levels. It includes the theme of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) as a tool for the private sector to exercise responsibility and interest in using the workplaces as a route and as means for education, and for a wide participation of every citizen in securing his or her individual health and well-being. Highlighted throughout the study are integrated approaches towards sustainable health.These approaches shed light on both the importance of multilevel health governance and the...
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text: Origin uncertain. 1. It is most probably an altered from of German Nimtz (see Nemetz). 2. It has also been suggested that it may be an Anglicized form of French Nîmes, and so a habitational name from the city of this name. However, the evidence in support of this hypothesis seems to depend largely on the similarity in spelling.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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lot of diapers at the curbside.
Some disposable diapers can be composted, but New York City doesn't have any plans in the works to take diapers in a regular compost pickup. In the landfill, standard disposable diapers can take 500 years to break down. Using cloth diapers would certainly reduce garbage in the landfill. But otherwise, the decision is not so clear cut: Disposable diapers use 29 percent less energy than cloth diapers washed at home and less water as well, according to the Institute for Lifecycle Environmental Assessment.
Other alternatives have emerged. Manufacturers have developed flushable diapers, which reduce the amount of garbage in the landfill, or diapers that break down more rapidly. Toronto accepts diapers for composting, but the city must separate out the plastic covering and send that to a landfill.
Since about 1 million tons of paper enter the city's waste stream annually, those of you who decided to reuse your junk mail for your grocery list in our garbage game deserve a break. Albeit arbitrarily, we figured half the amount of junk mail might enter the stream if every New Yorker did this. So, instead of 1 million tons, you got 500,000.
More than half of the waste paper generated in the city is thrown out as opposed to being recycled. That's out of about 1 million tons annually.
From faxes to junk mail, New Yorkers have had the option to recycle paper since the early 1990s. Out of all of the city's recyclables, paper recycling has arguably the most support, and New Yorkers are most likely to actually do it. Following the city's budget crunch during the recession earlier in the decade, a public outcry persuaded Mayor Michael Bloomberg to retain paper recycling when other recycling programs were suspended. Even so, New Yorkers historically have not been the most avid recyclers. Only 45 percent of paper in the city is recycled, totaling an estimated 366,000 to 423,000 tons a year and 4.2 pounds of paper per household weekly.
Half of the mixed paper collected by the Department of Sanitation is delivered for processing to a number of private companies. The other half goes to the Visy Paper Mill on Staten Island, where it is turned into linerboard for corrugated cardboard packaging products.
In our garbage game, we have given credit to those of you who decided to give your phone away to charity or back to your cell phone provider. Given the difficulty of finding information on how this can affect the entire city's waste stream, we halved the 158 tons of cell phones that went into the waste stream, and gave you 79 tons instead.
Nearly 25,000 tons of electronic waste are thrown out in New York City annually out of the 92,000 tons New Yorkers purchase. E-waste makes up about 2 percent of the city's waste stream, according to the Department of Sanitation. Cell phones, the city says, comprise only about.005 percent of the total waste stream or 158 tons per year. Despite its relatively small quantity, e-waste contains some of the most potentially hazardous toxins, according to the Department of Sanitation. Improper disposal of e-waste is responsible for up to 70 percent of the toxic heavy metals in landfills.
While the city does not have its own electronic recycling legislation, the Department of Sanitation organizes drop off events, where residents can leave their defunct computers, cell phones, televisions and other electronic devices. Advocates claim these programs are extremely successful. More than 8,000 New Yorkers brought 311 tons of electronics and 2,300 pounds of cell phones to 14 recycling events in fiscal year 2006. The Lower East Side Ecology Center has collected over 92 tons of electronics from New Yorkers who came to 11 collection events organized in 2007, according to the office of City Councilmember Bill De Blasio. Even so, less than 10 percent of the city's e-waste is recycled, according to one estimate.
Charities, particularly groups working with victims of domestic violence, collect electronics for reuse or recycled parts. New Yorkers can also bring their old cell phones back to the original provider. A state statute requires cell phone stores to accept as many as 10 phones per person annually for recycling.
The City Council is considering e-waste legislation that would require manufacturers of many types of electronics, from computers to televisions, to recycle the electronics they produce. City officials predict the legislation will be approved this fall.
BEYOND THE CURBSIDE
Your home trash sorting is a tiny piece of the city's waste management puzzle. Once it all leaves your curbside, the real debate kicks in. How should we transport our garbage? Which neighborhoods should have the facilities that process and sort our garbage -- along with the diesel-spewing trucks that transport it? How much money should the city spend to sort out recyclables and make sure they're really recycled? How far should we truck our trash?
These are just some of the questions that city officials have pondered for decades or, rather, centuries.
To calculate the number of miles garbage would travel under your plan, we used Mapquest to figure the distance from City Hall to your destination - whether it was a local transfer site (the Gansevoort peninsula at 14th Street), a site in the outer boroughs (an acceptance center in Greenpoint, Brooklyn), a site in New Jersey (a center in Jersey City, N.J.) or the citywide center in Sunset Park. For calculating miles by barge, we used Google Maps' Pedometer and found the most direct route by water. To determine rail mileage, we also used Pedometer to follow railroad tracks from the city to a Sims Group site in Virginia. Next, we took your total tonnage for each mode of transport and multiplied it by the number of miles. We then took that sum and divided it by how many tons vehicle can hold:- 1056 tons for a barge, 90 tons for a rail car, 12 tons for a sanitation truck and 52.5 tons for a tractor-trailer. That enabled us to factor in how many trips a truck would need to carry as many tons as a barge.
In some form, recycling initiatives in New York City date back to Peter Stuyvesant. In the mid-17th century, Stuyvesant convinced New Yorkers, or shall we say "New Amsterdamers," to responsibly dispose of their oysters and dead animals, instead of thrusting them into the street. More than a century later, the city - thanks to Col. George Waring - had its first curbside collection program, where residents separated their paper, metal, rags, animal products and wood for collection by the city. The program did not last long though, thanks to Tammany Hall and the ousting of a reform agenda, and the city was back to dumping its trash in the ocean.
New York enacted a major recycling law in 1989. That summer, the department launched what would become the first citywide curbside collection of recyclables in New York history. By mid-2002, New Yorkers were recycling about 20 percent of the city's total residential waste stream. But that year, facing a financial crunch, the Bloomberg administration "suspended" the recycling of metals, plastic and glass. Cutting back on recycling, the administration argued, would reduce the number of garbage collection trucks and so save the city $51 million a year. City Council balked, however, and eventually compromised with the mayor: Metal recycling would continue and recycling of plastic and glass would resume within two years. Paper recycling also continued throughout this period. As the cuts were implemented, many of the proposed savings never materialized.
While recyclable materials make up about 36 percent of the city's waste stream, only about 18 percent of the city's residential waste actually is recycled. This means that half of the recyclable materials in the city are thrown away, end up in a landfill or are burned in an incinerator.
The First Destination
Many of the city's recyclables are handled in neighborhoods in poor and minority communities in the outer boroughs. Local activists and environmentalists say the diesel spewing garbage trucks pollute these areas while Manhattan has not had to deal with its waste -- that is until now. The Bloomberg administration says that taking recyclables to local stations in each of the boroughs, including Manhattan, would consume less energy and reduce pollution. Its solid waste management plan requires that the city's recyclables and refuse be taken via barge or rail to stations located in all five boroughs.
The most controversial part of that plan calls for building a recycling center on the Gansevoort peninsula in Hudson River Park. Some Manhattan residents and politicians (though not all) have objected, saying the facility would intrude on needed parkland.
Manhattan Assemblywoman Deborah Glick says parkland is too valuable to take it away for any type of development. Glick, along with parks groups and other Assembly members, is blocking legislation in Albany that would make way for the station. They want it moved to Pier 76 near 36th Street.
Other environmental activists disagree. "It's Manhattan using its privilege," Elizabeth Yeampierre, chair of the New York City Environmental Justice Alliance and executive director of UPROSE, a Latino community group based in Sunset Park, Brooklyn, said this summer. "We want to let Glick know she is in the way. She is in the way of borough equity."
Without Gansevoort, most of Manhattan's recyclables stay on the sanitation truck that collects them at the curb until they reach New Jersey, where they are processed. This accounts for an estimated 700,000 truck trips a year. Recyclables collected in the other four boroughs arrive at one

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Rules Index | GM Screen | Player's Guide
Chapter 2: Tools
The Planes
Source Gamemastery Guide pg. 136
Beyond the world of Golarion and the void of space beyond it lie the vast planes of existence referred to as the Great Beyond. Often alien and dangerous, most of these planes embody some foundational aspect of reality—one of the chief elements that make up the rest of the multiverse, a kind of fundamental energy, or an alignment. Each plane is a reality unto itself, with its own laws of existence and its own native inhabitants who might visit, grant benefits to residents of, or cause havoc on the face of Golarion.
Exploring the planes offers several opportunities for high adventure, as well chances to discover the secrets of creation.
Planar Traits
Source Gamemastery Guide pg. 136
Each plane, dimension, and demiplane has its own properties and attributes. Planar traits can be broken down into six categories: alignment, scope, gravity, time, morphic, and planar essence. Combined, those traits describe the laws and makeup of the plane. These appear in the plane's traits entry, though any trait that matches the Material Plane (described in the Normal entry in each section below) is omitted.
Enhanced and Impeded Magic
Source Gamemastery Guide pg. 136
Some planes enhance certain magic and impede opposing effects. A plane that enhances a particular type of magic grants anyone Casting a Spell with that trait a +1 circumstance bonus to their spell DC or spell attack roll with that spell. Impeded magic means a character who Casts a Spell or Activates an Item with the specified trait must succeed at a DC 6 flat check or lose the spell or activation.
Alignment Trait
Source Gamemastery Guide pg. 136
Certain planes, particularly in the Outer Sphere, are attuned to an alignment. Most inhabitants share that alignment— even powerful creatures such as deities. Planes with the neutral alignment trait are more often a mix of alignments than strongly neutral, and planes with no alignment affinity simply don't have an alignment trait, rather than being neutral. Alignments are given as an abbreviation (Pathfinder Bestiary 345), which appears first in the plane's list of traits.
Spells that share any of the plane's alignment traits are enhanced, and those with opposing traits are impeded. For instance, in the chaotic evil Abyss, chaotic and evil spells are enhanced, and lawful and good spells are impeded.
Scope Trait
Source Gamemastery Guide pg. 136
Most planes are immeasurable, so immense they are impossible to quantify. Which immeasurable planes, if any, are infinite is a subject of debate among philosophers and scholars alike. Since so many planes are immeasurable, those planes omit a scope trait. Otherwise, the plane likely has either the finite or unbounded trait.
Finite: Finite planes consist of a limited amount of space.
Immeasurable: Immeasurable planes are immeasurably large, perhaps infinite.
Unbounded: Unbounded planes loop back on themselves when a creature reaches the plane's "edge."
Gravity Traits
Source Gamemastery Guide pg. 136
Many planes have unusual gravity.
Normal: Bodies of great mass are the centers of gravity, and objects fall toward those centers with a measured amount of force relative to the size of the body.
High Gravity: As in normal gravity, bodies of great mass act as centers of gravity, but the force relative to the size of the body is greater than on the Material Plane. The Bulk of all creatures and objects is doubled, meaning creatures acclimated to normal gravity can carry only half as much. Creatures used to normal gravity move at half Speed and can jump only half as high and far. Physical ranged attacks are impossible beyond the third range increment (instead of the sixth). Creatures that fall in high gravity take bludgeoning damage equal to the distance they fell.
Low Gravity: As in normal gravity, bodies of great mass act as centers of gravity, but the force relative to the size of the body is less than on the Material Plane. The Bulk of all creatures and objects is halved, meaning creatures acclimated to normal gravity can carry twice as much and jump twice as high and far. Physical ranged attacks are possible up to the twelfth range increment (instead of the sixth). Creatures that fall in low gravity take no damage for the first 10 feet of a fall, and then take bludgeoning damage equal to a quarter of the remaining distance it fell.
Microgravity: There is little to no gravity on this plane. Creatures float in space unless they can push off a surface or use some force to propel themselves throughout the plane.
Strange Gravity: All bodies of mass are centers of gravity with roughly the same force. A creature can stand on any solid objects that is as large as or larger than themself.
Subjective Gravity: All bodies of mass can be centers of gravity with the same force, but only if a non-mindless creature wills it. Unattended items, objects, and mindless creatures treat the plane as having microgravity. Creatures on a plane with subjective gravity can move normally along a solid surface by imagining "down" near their feet. Designating this downward direction is a free action that has the concentration trait. If suspended in midair, a creature can replicate flight by choosing a "down" direction and falling in that direction, moving up to their Speed or fly Speed. This pseudo-flight uses the Fly action.
Time Traits
Source Gamemastery Guide pg. 137
Time flows differently on many planes.
Normal: Time passes the same way it does on the Material Plane. One hour on a plane with normal time equals 1 hour on the Material Plane.
Erratic: Time slows down and speeds up, so an individual may lose or gain time as they move between planes. When a creature moves from a plane with erratic time to one with normal time, roll a DC 11 flat check. Creatures that leave an erratic time plane together share the same result.
Success Time passed normally on the erratic time plane.
Failure For each hour spent on the erratic time plane, 1 day passed on the normal time plane.
Critical Failure For each round spent on the erratic time plane, 1 day passed on the normal time plane. Flowing: The flow of time is consistently faster or slower. A creature may travel to one of these planes, spend a year there, and find that only an hour passed on the Material Plane; alternatively, they might spend a minute on this plane and find out an hour passed on the Material Plane.
Timeless: Time still passes, but the effects of time are diminished. Creatures on these planes don't feel hunger, thirst, or the effects of aging or natural healing. The effects of poison, diseases, and other kinds of healing may also be diminished on certain timeless planes. Spell energy and other effects still dissipate, so the durations of spells and other effects function as normal. The danger of this trait is that when a creature leaves a timeless plane and enters a plane with another time trait, the effects of hunger, thirst, aging, and other effects slowed or arrested by the timeless trait occur retroactively in the instant of transition, possibly causing the creature to immediately starve or die of old age.
Morphic Traits
Source Gamemastery Guide pg. 137
This trait describes how easily the physical nature of the plane can be changed. The Material Plane is the norm, but other planes can warp through the plane's own sentient designs or be manipulated by extremely powerful creatures.
Normal: Objects remain where they are (and what they are) unless affected by physical force or magic. Creatures can change the immediate environment as a result of tangible effort, such as by digging a hole.
Metamorphic: Things change by means other than physical force or magic. Sometimes spells have morphic effects. Other times, the plane's nature is under the control of a deity or power, or the plane simply changes at random.
Sentient: The plane changes based on its own whims.
Static: Visitors can't affect living residents of the plane or objects the denizens carry in any way. Any spells that would affect those on the plane have no effect unless the static trait is somehow removed or suppressed.
Planar Essence Traits
Source Gamemastery Guide pg. 137
Planar essence traits describe a plane's fundamental nature. For example, many of the Inner Sphere's planes are infused with an element or energy, each of which affects magic on those planes, and the Shadow Plane is awash with shadow. Outer Planes are fundamentally made up of quintessence, a philosophically aligned material with infinite potential for shape and state that conforms to powerful and prevailing beliefs.
Air: Planes with this trait consist mostly of open spaces and air of various levels of turbulence, though they also contain rare islands of floating stone and other elements and energies. Air planes usually have breathable atmospheres, though they may include clouds of acidic or toxic gas. Air magic is enhanced, and earth magic is impeded. Earth creatures often find themselves at a disadvantage within air planes, which tend to at least make them uncomfortable, as there is little solid ground for them to gain their bearings.
Earth: These planes are mostly solid. Travelers arriving upon an earth plane risk suffocation if they don't reach a cavern or some other air pocket within the plane's solid matter. Creatures who can't burrow are entombed in the plane's substance and must attempt to dig their way toward an air pocket. Earth magic is enhanced, and air magic is impeded. Air creatures are ill at ease, as they rarely have the space to move freely through even the most lofty warrens.
Fire: Planes with this trait


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Terrace» Forums » Reviews
Subject: "Space checkers" - excitement for 2-4 players rss
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Jonathan Crosmer
United States
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I picked this up at a used bookstore for a few bucks. Money well-spent.
I jokingly refer to this game "Space Checkers" because of the obvious genre connection and checker-like pieces. All of the pieces move the same way, but their sizes determine capture strength---you can only capture a piece of equal or smaller size.
The board is 3-D and 8x8 (in the original version), with squares arranged in steps called Terraces. The object is to move your T-piece (which I refer to as the "king") to the lowest enemy corner OR to capture all enemy king(s).
There are three kinds of movement.
1. On the same terrace, you may move any distance, hopping over any number of your own pieces. You may not jump enemy pieces and cannot capture anything. (You can't cross diagonally in the center, either.)
2. Moving up a terrace, you may move to any adjacent square, straight or diagonal.
3. Moving down, you may move to an empty square straight down only. You may capture diagonally down only.
That's it! Simple rules, but deep play. Here are a few strategy notes from my first several games.
1. Though all the steps look similar, they aren't. There are four quadrants to the board, two "high" quadrants and two "low" ones (marked by the high and low corners respectively). It's easy to ascend but harder to descend in a low quadrant, and vice versa for a high quadrant. In general, descending is much harder... but that's just where you need to go!
2. This is noticable if you try to block a piece from descending: you only need 1 piece in a low quadrant, but from a high quadrant corner, there are two squares to descend without capture.
3. With two pieces against one, you can force the one to retreat (upwards). With three against one, you can trap a piece in several patterns (similar to "mating patterns" in chess).
4. Your largest pieces are crucial for agressive maneuvers. I call them "queens" as they are the source of tactical power. But you must support/block with smaller pieces.
5. If your opponent retreats to an invincible corner or some such unassailable position, make sure you are in position to switch battlefields and attack somewhere else. While his pieces are piled on a useless corner, you'll be attacking his position on the other side of the board.
6. Multiplayer (3-4) games are crazy... not all "checks" are for real. For example, if I threaten your king, but capturing your king would immediately unblock and allow a 3rd player to win (by advancing to the goal), then I'm not "really" threatening your king. So it's "psuedo-check." Of course, while I have your king in pseudo-check---protected by the threat of a 3rd player winning---you cannot do anything to mess up the 3rd player's position. If he loses the threat of winning or no longer needs to get you out of the way, then my check becomes real. Then it gets really weird when two players are defending a corner against one. The two players may be enemies on one side of the board, but in that corner, they are forced allies, literally unable to capture each other's pieces for fear of weakening the defense against the one player and allowing him to win. cool
Terrace provides two different but fun experiences: a twist on the old chess/checkers genre, and a very twisted 3-4 player experience. As a 2-player game, it definitely has strategic depth and feels futuristic, as the box promises. With 3-4 players, you get the mind games of an n-player game like Risk but without all those pesky dice and probabilities---party time for game theorists.
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Jeremy Cooper
United Kingdom
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Good review. I'll probably get a set but I'm undecided between the original and the neon colour sets. Both were used in Star Trek and, speaking of which, so was a game called Space Checkers in the original series.
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Therefore, coming up with ways that will allow your content to perform double tasks could help to advance your efforts of reaching a wider audience, as well as creating more time to invest in other tasks as well.
Use Multiple Websites
Posting the same content on multiple websites can be a very effective way of reaching various audiences with the same content. It could be your intention to reach various audiences using the content that you have come up with. If this is the case, then posting that content on several websites can be very useful in ensuring that your content does double duty for you when multiple audiences are involved.
Corporate websites, personal websites, and other websites that you can access could help to form an elaborate network that you can leverage to reach multiple audiences. Since different audiences have different needs, you might want to tweak the content a bit to ensure it fits the multiple audiences you are looking to target.
Working With E-Newsletters
E-newsletters could be a very efficient way of reaching out to various audiences. It is important to note that your audience could be in different lines of work, and therefore, you might have to harmonize content to suit them.
E-newsletters could play an important role in ensuring that your content does the double duty for you, but it is not that straightforward. In this case of using e-newsletters, you might want to harmonize the content to ensure it is relevant to the various audiences. This way, you can be confident of your content doing a double job for you without investing more than enough time and resources.
Using Direct Mail
Email lists can come in handy in such scenarios. Since the content is already in existence, and that the pending task is its distribution, then using direct mail could be a game-changer. Inherently, direct mail ensures direct delivery of emails to the recipients.
When you have content and want it to do double tasks for you, then you might want to check out direct mail usage. When using direct mail, you can achieve the goal of reaching multiple audiences without expending further resources and gaining even more results.
Use of Comprehensive WhitePapers
A whitepaper is an authoritative paper or text on a particular subject that extensively covers a subject matter. The primary purpose of a whitepaper is to bring to the fore key aspects and facts about a specific subject and clear any doubts that may be in existence regarding the particular topic.
In this sense, a whitepaper could help to effectively serve the duty of reaching multiple audiences without making compromises. Since a whitepaper is merely text or content, you can use the content posted in other avenues, and optimize it so that it meets the standards for whitepapers.
Doing this could ensure that your content does double duty for you. In such scenarios, you have a lot to gain, since it means that you can effectively reach multiple audiences.
In summary, there are various ways that your content can do double duty for you and at the same time, reach multiple audiences. Achieving these objectives could help to advance your overall plans ahead as well as meet your key milestones.
Lori Jones had made a transition from a bit shy office clerk to an empowered and delighted writer. Later she progressed to becoming a writer at Hotessayservice.com. Lori is really a writing fanatic and frantically stays on guard of beauty and meaning inside the written text.


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Looking for benefits of climate change on human health?: first signs of reductions in a shorter season for the RSV virus in the UK
Analysis of hospital admissions (_PHONE_) and hospital lab reports (_PHONE_) across England and Wales suggest that the season for the RSV virus (which is a prime cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia amongst small children, but can affect all age groups) has been ending about 2 to 3 weeks earlier for each degree of rise in regional annual air temperatures. In contrast, rising temperatures have not affected the onset of the season.
Source: Donaldson, G.C. 2006. Climate change and the end of the respiratory syncytial virus season. Clinical Infectious Diseases 42:677-679.


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The set has everything that can be useful to a business person:
– The clockwork is mounted in the central element of the set, sculptures of horses with horse-cloth rise above it, and a calendar mount is below.
– Lateral elements are the same and have holders for a pen, a business card, and a pencil.
– The set has a rack for a flagpole, a business card holder, a paper clip box and a ball.
The set is made of obsidian, a stone of volcanic origin, – volcanic glass, as it is also called. It forms as a result of rapid cooling of lava that spills onto the surface. The horse is a symbol of fertility, courage and power. This image is also an ancient symbol of the cyclical development of the world of phenomena. The set is made by Zlatoust craftsmen. For 200 years, they have been making decor items and author's weapons for top officials of the states. For example, under the special order, the craftsmen made a writing set and a stone for the president of Tajikistan.


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Response Time Monitoring - Real vs. Synthetic
Response time monitoring is a very important aspect of application management. In a way, it is nothing new. People have been monitoring response time ever since the days of green screen mainframe terminal applications. The only variable is the technologies involved, both on the application and the tools for monitoring them. When I speak with customers, I something get these questions about the pros and cons of monitoring response times of real user vs. synthetic transactions, also referred as passive vs. active monitoring, and whether one approach should be used over the other. The truth is both approaches are relevant and they complement each other. Here's why. Real user monitoring is obviously important because it measures the actual experience of actual end users. Despite of its appeal, however, it is not a one size fits all solution to measure the performance of an application. First, there can be a lot of noise in the actual end user response time data, which may make it difficult to determine the relative performance of an application over time. Usage pattern can vary a lot at different times, and the performance of transaction requests can vary a lot depending on the data that are processed. Consequently, we may end up with a lot of apple vs. oranges when trying to compare response time measurements. Second, real user monitoring only works only when there are real users on the system. For example, if there is no end user on the system at 2 a.m., data collected from real user monitoring won't tell if the application is working or not. On the other hand, synthetic transactions can be used even when real users are not around. Because the tests are well defined and their executions are controlled, it is also easier to do long term trending analysis to see if application performance has improved or degraded over time. Synthetic transactions do have their own shortcomings, however. First, unless carefully designed, the tests may not be representative of actual end user activities, reducing the usefulness of the measurements. Second, some synthetic transactions are very hard to create and may introduce noise into business data. While it is usually relatively easy to create query-based synthetic transactions, it is much harder to create transactions that create or update data. For example, if synthetic transactions are to test for successful checkouts on an e-commerce website, the tests must be constructed carefully so that the test orders are not mis-categorized as actual orders. As you can see, there are tradeoffs to both approaches, which are complementary. It is not real user vs. synthetic, it should be real user and synthetic.


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Over recent years the education world has begun to recognise teacher quality as one of the most important factors through which to improve student outcomes. Labour's Tristram Hunt recently proposed a teacher re-licensing scheme as a way to improve quality by encouraging teachers to continue to develop their professional learning and expertise over time.
View this animation that explains our findings:
The RSA has brought together a wide range of perspectives to explore this idea: Tracey Burns and Kristen Weatherby (OECD), Dylan Wiliam (IoE), David Weston (Teacher Development Trust), Alison Peacock (Headteacher), Tom Sherrington (Headteacher), Philippa Cordingley (CUREE), Debra Kidd (Teacher), Lorna Owen (Teacher), Charlotte Lesley (MP for Bristol North West) and Tristram Hunt (Shadow Secretary of State for Education).
The RSA makes five recommendations:
- Over time, empower a new Royal College of Teaching to introduce a teacher licensing scheme, managed through a peer-reviewed portfolio process, and involving the subject associations
- Build 'capacity for disciplined innovation' into the teacher and headteacher standards
- Trial Design Thinking in Initial Teacher Education and Early Professional Development
- Recruit more teachers with design-related degrees, and not only to teach Design and Technology
- Develop a new 'creative professional development' offer for talented teachers who commit to teaching in a school in a challenging area, which includes a 'term out' sabbatical


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The more hours an IT employee works, the more productivity – up to a certain point. For tasks that require significant judgement and attention to detail, like IT, working additional hours results in additional stress, loss of sleep, and other work life balance issues. This drawback gets works as additional hours increase, and further productivity issues arise.
We can model this loss of productivity as a drawback as an exponential function:
Bringing productivity into the model we can see productivity eventually declines as the amount of mistakes made result in productivity loss. After a certain point, accumulated mistakes result in a net loss of productivity as these mistakes need resolved with more labor. This is modeled as:
Extrapolating to a team of full time IT employees, the combined productivity of the team under a constant high workload is not linear as the team size grows. Rather, initial productivity jumps greatly for additional employees, then tapers off. This is modeled as:
In the case of the modeled tram, we can view the productivity versus team size versus a standard model (where doubling team size doubles productivity).
How does the productivity of your team fit in?
Constants and variables used in model:
Drawback Constant: 1.1
Productivity Constant: 10
Workload Constant: 270


What Does Ophelia's Body Symbolize In Hamlet
755 Words4 Pages
In Act IV, scene v, Laertes has just come back from France and he went to the throne room to question the King about the whereabouts of his father. The King tells Laertes that his father is dead. As Laertes and King Claudius discuss who could've killed Polonius, Ophelia prances in covered in flowers while she singing random ballads. Laertes exclaims that his sister has gone mad, but little does he know that Hamlet is the cause of Ophelia' current state of mind. In Act IV, scene v, Ophelia's madness was caused by the death of her father. Indirectly, Hamlet caused Ophelia to go to her lowest self by killing her father. The flowers on Ophelia's body symbolize her state of mind and show the extent of her grief in this scene. Polonius' murder was…show more content…
In Act IV, scene v, Ophelia comes in the throne room singing and giving out flowers. When she gives out a flower, she explains what it represents. These flowers are very symbolic in terms of her insanity and her grief. Whether these flowers are real or imaginary is questionable. The first flower she hands out is rosemary and she says it is for remembrance. Her brother relates her madness to the flower's meaning of remembrance. Ophelia explains the other flowers' meanings and gets distracted from her flower explanations when she mentions violets. Ophelia says, "There's fennel for you, and columbines: there's rue for you; and here's some for me: we may call it herb-grace o' Sundays: O you must wear your rue with a difference. There's a daisy: I would give you some violets, but they withered all when my father died […]." Ophelia was triggered when she mentioned the violets. She immediately connected them to death which made her slip back into her singing. The flowers' meanings connect to her madness in which every meaning explains her current condition. Ophelia is remembering her father's death (the rosemary and violet meanings) and she feels great sorrow for her father's death (the rue's meaning). Also, how fragile she is in this scene exposes her innocence to death (the daisy's meaning). Ophelia's madness is represented through the flowers she gives out and they also expose her
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Trisodium Phosphate (TSP) is often used in paint thinner due to it having high levels of alkaline which help clean various substances. The CDC recommends avoiding all consumption of TSP due to how it can lead to frighteningly harmful health issues such as kidney damage and calcium removal from bones. Unfortunately, this chemical is showing up in places such as lunch meat and cereal, which is quite alarming to the general consumer. It is important to look over ingredient lists as much as possible in order to be aware of what you are ingesting.
- Trisodium phosphate is an industrial cleaning agent as well as a degreasing specific and a mildew remover and lead abatement agent.
- Trisodium phosphate has a pH on par with that of bleach, according to the online resource, Snopes.
- TSP is found in food as a leavening agent to keep especially baked foods shelf-beautiful and "fluffy" looking longer.
"Well, I'm here to tell you the truth about yet another theory?.that there is trisodium phosphate in cereal."


Seneca Caverns
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These subterranean caverns were discovered accidentally in 1879 by two boys at play who fell through a hole. In 1931, explorations continued where tunnels led further into the depths. Now you can explore these depths too aided by a trained guide. One of the highlights of the cave is the underground stream of crystal clear water. You can also mine for gems and fossils - although the baubles are not native to the cave.


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|MY NASA DATA Lesson Plan: State of the Atmosphere-Interpreting Weather Observations|
This lesson plan provides instructions for several activities for students to perform to study the relationship of temperature, pressure, relative humidity, and dew point in cloud formation. The lesson involves graphing of weather balloon data using a spreadsheet program.
Intended for grade levels:
Type of resource:
No specific technical requirements, just a browser required
Cost / Copyright:
Cost information is not known
This product is free and clear for general use.
DLESE Catalog ID: NASA-ESERevProd650
Resource contact / Creator / Publisher:
Contact: Lin H.


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Here's a question I get all the time: How do I know if I've written an autobiography or a memoir?
The answer is simple: An autobiography covers pretty much your entire life. A memoir covers a specific aspect of your life (like a lifelong battle with lukemia) or a specific time period (a marriage that fell apart and the triumph built out of the life post-divorce).
Most people nowadays are writing memoirs. A few who have led spectacular lives (yes, ordinary people can live spectacular lives) are writing autobiographies.
Be sure to categorize your work correctly when you approach agents and publishers. You'll also want readers to know exactly what they're getting if you self-publish. The answer is simple yet applying the knowledge is important for your pitch and your marketing efforts.


.. that is equivalent to up to 3 Tb of data down.. But they said the real problem went from IP Traffic congestion..
 You say this shows why analog is better?? I have no idea where you are going with that, because you can not run analog over fiber, it has to be digital.. Analog signals can only be run over copper lines, and you do know how many copper lines you would have to have to even compare to one single fiber strand to get the same amount of speed?
 - Rod R Knighten Jr
 Its hard to believe because you have no idea what your talking about.
 1. Analog losses to digital in every single metric. Analog cables are highly susceptible to interference from magnetic fields, electricity, other cables, the weather, the radio, and just about anything that comes near the line. Think when you run your fingers up and down a cheap headphone cable and you hear feedback or when the house phone cuts out when the microwave is on. Interference leads to packet degradation and eventually packet loss which means that you have to build out extra capacity for error correction (essentially sending every packet multiple times) or lost packets will cause the entire connection to fail. Digital has none of these issues and it allows for scaling in real time via compression.
 2. The fiber line going down isn't actually what caused the outage.Image the fiber line is a freeway. Under normal conditions with all lanes open traffic flows smoothly and occasionally under heavy load it slows down but there's a frontage road that can accommodate some overflow traffic. If there's an accident on the frontage road and 3 lanes on the freeway are closed due to construction traffic will effectively come to a standstill as the freeway is overloaded. So even though the exits 3miles up the road are clear no cars will be able to utilize it because so much traffic is flowing toward the bottleneck that traffic backs up in the entire city. This is what happened to the network. One of their primary routes failed and the redundancy went down with it and it caused a cascading outage. There are 100M people in the SE US, and due to the Pandemic the network was already under heavier than normal load so as the network scrambled to balance the load a fail safe probably kicked it that shut it down and directed it to prioritize traffic deemed essential and kick everything else
 3. Redundancies are not designed to be used to in place of the thing they are a redundancy for. Going back to the Freeway example; the frontage road is a redundancy for the freeway but the frontage road can not and should not replace the freeway.


text: By Jasmine Speer Recently University of Toronto's Dr.Jordan B. Petersen held a speech rally supporting his idea to refuse using gender pronouns for transgender people. He made controversial statements in his rally, there is a video of extreme importance on YouTube that surfaced, revealing Doctor Jordan B. Petersen's opinions on Canadian Parliamentary Bill C-16: a bill that would legalize punishment for people who refuse to use binary gender pronouns. Moreover, a certain type of censorship occurred at the rally where the Jordan Petersen held his speech. People who did not agree with his views deliberately silenced him by turning on a white noise machine to make his speech extremely difficult to hear for audience to hear. The problem that stems in this issue is the use of force, machines, and/or violence of some kind to silence the opinions of the people–particularly contrary opinions. In a YouTube video of Dr. Peterson's interrupted speech, he says that "the opponents of free speech are capable of making a lot of inarticulate noise." He continues in a louder voice to say, "the reason I defend freedom of speech is quite straight forward: because that's how people with different opinions settle their opinions… free speech is the mechanism by which we keep our society functioning." He furthers his argument by pointing out that everyone deserves to have their opinion heard and "come to a consensus." However, he is afraid that free speech is slowly dying as people restrict and censor it. He sees this as a danger to society that is far beyond our comprehension. He claims that he knows where these restrictions lead, because he has studied totalitarianism for over 4 decades. He made this speech to the students of Toronto University with an intent to educate the public on the importance of the freedom of speech and the dangers of imposing your language or beliefs on others. Fascinatingly, many people are quite divided on the issue of free speech. Some invoke the argument that if someone says something thought to be "hurtful," that person needs to be censored or punished. This mentality was demonstrated at Dr. Peterson's Toronto rally. If someone is presenting controversial ideas (like Petersen's) in a public space, proponents of this standpoint would argue for that person to be silenced. This censorship eliminates the chance for a healthy and civilized debate. One of the greatest things about living in the United States is the various opportunities for healthy debate amongst peers, both in classrooms and in other public spaces. It is much more appealing to be in a classroom where rhetoric is well-used, for the purposes of positive classroom debate that exposes students to opposing viewpoints. As Nicolas Wolfson pointed out, we live in a place where there is bound to be some disagreement, because the United States is indisputably a very diverse place. Author Nicolas Wolfson (1997) argues that separating hate speech from what is considered "good" speech is harmful and almost impossible to do, because doing so actually infringes on the First Amendment freedoms that make America unique. With this in mind, we should, as a society, respect other people's opinions no matter how ridiculous we believe them to be. We must not impose of force our opinions onto others, for this is not a reasonable or ethical thing to do. As a society, we should endeavor to be self-aware and not coerce others to believe in our dogma, beliefs, or ideas. Doing so, as exemplified at Dr. Peterson's rally, often leads to violence and chaos. Instead of distancing ourselves from concepts that are uncomfortable for us, it is far better to educate ourselves on the opposing viewpoint, while humbly considering the possibility that another person's viewpoint may be more accurate than your own. What happened at Dr. Peterson's speech Toronto is just a small example of how unhealthy opposition can censor free speech, but there are examples of censorship in our everyday lives. It is important to recognize this censorship when it occurs. It is also important, as Dr. Petersen illustrates, to recognize when we ourselves are personally guilty of censoring others. In conclusion, United States is a free country that provides the opportunities and freedoms to do and accomplish a lot of things. When we deprive others of their freedoms, only chaos can arise. Depriving people of debate and more specifically, healthy debate, is not a good idea. In other words, when we encourage others to speak their opinions and we encourage ourselves to consider other ideas, we are most likely going to reach a reasonable consensus.


Sunday, August 17, 2008
Q/A: What Thread-safe Rails Means
There's been a little bit of buzz about David Heinemeier Hansson's announcement that Josh Peek has joined Rails core and is about to wrap up his GSoC project making Rails finally be thread-safe. To be honest, there probably hasn't been enough buzz, and there's been several misunderstandings about what it means for Rails users in general.
So I figured I'd do a really short Q/A about what effect Rails thread-safety would have on the Rails world, and especially the JRuby world. Naturally there's some of my opinions reflected here, but most of this should be factually correct. I trust you will offer corrections in the comments.
Q: What does it mean to make Rails thread-safe?
A: I'm sure Josh or Michael Koziarski, his GSoC mentor, can explain in more detail what the work involved, but basically it means removing the single coarse-grained lock around every incoming request and replacing it with finer-grained locks around only those resources that need to be shared across threads. So for example, data structures within the logging subsystem have either been modified so they are not shared across threads, or locked appropriately to make sure two threads don't interfere with each other or render those data structures invalid or corrupt. Instead of a single database connection for a given Rails instance, there will be a pool of connections, allowing N database connections to be used by the M requests executing concurrently. It also means allowing requests to potentially execute without consuming a connection, so the number of live, active connections usually will be lower than the number of requests you can handle concurrently.
Q: Why is this important? Don't we have true concurrency already with Rails' shared-nothing architecture and multiple processes?
A: Yes, processes and shared-nothing do give us full concurrency, at the cost of having multiple processes to manage. For many applications, this is "good enough" concurrency. But there's a down side to requiring as many processes as concurrent requests: inefficient use of shared resources. In a typical Mongrel setup, handling 10 concurrent requests means you have to have 10 copies of Rails loaded, 10 copies of your application loaded, 10 in-memory data caches, 10 database connections...everything has to be scaled in lock step for every additional request you want to handle concurrently. Multiply the N copies of everything times M different applications, and you're eating many, many times more memory than you should.
Of course there are partial solutions to this that don't require thread safety. Since much of the loaded code and some of the data may be the same across all instances, deployment solutions like Passenger from Phusion can use forking and memory-model improvements in Phusion's Ruby Enterprise Edition to allow all instances to share the portion of memory that's the same. So you reduce the memory load by about the amount of code and data in memory that each instance can safely hold in common, which would usually include Rails itself, your static application code, and to some extent the other libraries loaded by Rails and your app. But you still pay the duplication cost for database connections, application code, and in-memory data that are loaded or created after startup. And you still have "no better" concurrency than the coarse-grained locking since Ruby Enterprise Edition is is just as green-threaded as normal Ruby.
Q: So for green-threaded implementations like Ruby, Ruby EE, and Rubinius, native threading offers no benefit?
A: That's not quite true. Thread-safe Rails will mean that an individual instance, even with green threads, can handle multiple requests at the same time. By "at the same time" I don't mean threads will never allow two requests to actually run concurrently or to utilize multiple cores. What I mean is that if a given request ends up blocking on IO, which happens in almost all requests (due to REST hits, DB hits, filesystem hits and so on), Ruby will now have the option of scheduling another request to execute. Put another way, removing the coarse-grained lock will at least improve concurrency up to the "best" that green-threaded implementations can do, which isn't too bad.
The practical implication of this is that rather than having to run a Rails instance for every process you want to handle at the same time, you will only have to run a certain constant number of instances for each core in your system. Some people use N + 1 or 2N + 1 as their metric to map from cores (N) to the number of instances you would need to effectively utilize those cores. And this means that you'd probably never need more than a couple Rails instances on a one-core system. Of course you'll need to try it yourself and see what metric works best for your app, but ultimately even on green-threaded implementations you should be able to reduce the number of instances you need.
Q. Ok, what about native-threaded implementations like JRuby?
A. On JRuby, the situation improves much more than on the green-threaded implementations. Because JRuby implements Ruby threads as native kernel-level threads, a Rails application would only need one instance to handle all concurrent requests across all cores. And by one instance, I mean "nearly one instance" since there might be specific cases where a given application bottlenecks on some shared resource, and you might want to have two or three to reduce that bottleneck. In general, though, I expect those cases will be extremely rare, and most would be JRuby or Rails bugs we should fix.
This means what it sounds like: Rails deployments on JRuby will use 1/Nth the amount of memory they use now, where N is the number of thread-unsafe Rails instances currently required to handle concurrent requests. Even compared to green-threaded implementations running thread-safe Rails, it willl likely use 1/Mth the memory where M is the number of cores, since it can parallelize happily across cores with only "one" instance.
Q: Isn't that a huge deal?
A: Yes, that's a huge deal. I know existing JRuby on Rails users are going to be absolutely thrilled about it. And hopefully more folks will consider using JRuby on Rails in production as a result.
And it doesn't end at resource utilization in JRuby's case. With a single Rails instance, JRuby will be able to "warm up" much more quickly, since code we compile and optimize at runtime will immediately be applicable to all incoming requests. The "throttling" we've had to do for some optimizations (to reduce overall memory consumption) may no longer even be needed. Existing JDBC connection pooling support will be more reliable and more efficient, even allowing connection sharing from application to application as well as across instances. And it will put Rails on JRuby on par with other frameworks that have always been (probably) thread-safe like Merb, Groovy on Grails, and all the Java-based frameworks.
Naturally, I'm thrilled. :)
 1. Great summary, thanks for writing it up!
 2. IronRuby will reap the same benefits as JRuby. Awesome write up!
 3. Concurrency is having more than one operation active (but possibly all suspended) at a time. Parallelism is having more than one operation making forward progress at the same time. Don't confuse the two.
 Because Ruby is green-threaded, and a thread may be switched out when a request is blocked on IO, the requests are in fact able to run concurrently. It's just that they're not running in parallel.
 4. That's the best thing i ever heard!!!
 5. Unfortunately, this:
 "If a given request ends up blocking on IO... due to DB hits... Ruby will now have the option of scheduling another request to execute."
 Is not correct, at least not for database client libraries like MySQL/Ruby, which call blocking C APIs, and block the Ruby whole interpreter.
 We need a lot more work on non-blocking client libraries before Rails will be able to get much from thread-level concurrency IMO.
 6. _USER_
 Technically true, but there's something you're not considering: Ruby O/RMs spend close to half their time in the interpreter. So Just because you're inside AR doesn't mean you're necessarily in blocking client driver IO.
 DataMapper sees quite a big boost from multiple threads because of this very issue.
 It's also true the boost isn't anywhere near what it might be with native threads or asynchronous drivers though.
 7. With the help of non blocking DB drivers for MRI [1] [2] This could be great news, since even MRI will be able to benefit [albeit 1.9, but hey, we do what we can].
 8. If you want a real thread safe solution in Ruby, look at Merb + datamapper. They've been doing that for a while now.
 9. A blog idea for you: so how would we be able to run jruby on rails as one threaded instance?
 Does it mean the dispatcher needs to be adjusted for this to happen or is there something that already works for this?
 10. _USER_: just download rails 2.2 when it comes out and run it on jruby. Should work out of the box--I think, and across all cores.
 11. What about File Upload? Is Rails 2.2 capable of handling multiple file uploads without tying up the Mongrel processes?
 12. You bet that we are thrilled!
 Great write up Charlie.


Time To First Fix (TTFF) refers to the time between when a GNSS unit is turned on and it is able to output a valid navigation solution with a given level of performance. Depending on the receiver's specifications, the performance criteria used to validate the navigation solution could be the number of tracked satellites (i.e., for a 2D or 3D fix), the PDOP of the tracked constellation, or the position accuracy. This test determines how the unit will react to repeatedly being turned on and off in a variety of potential situations.
For TTFF testing, a receiver's three most important conditions to test are cold, warm, and hot starts. A definition of each of these conditions is provided in the table below. We recommend performing a minimum of 200 TTFF tests per receiver for each unit start condition (i.e., cold, warm, and hot) to be sure that there are sufficient data points to determine the typical start time with confidence. (Note: A GNSS receiver's specification typically requires a mean value or a 95% confidence value). With automated testing, the number of executed tests can be even higher.
It is also recommended to evaluate the receiver's TTFF across different simulation scenarios (e.g., position, almanac, time) to address different constellation configurations. Your scenario parameters should be adapted to match your application requirements; for example, with a static or a mobile vehicle or in the presence of multipath and/or interferences.
Condition Typical Example Almanac Ephemeris Position Time
Cold Start First use or cold start reset Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown
Warm Start Unit has been off for a day Known Unknown or aged Within 100 km of last fix Within 10 min precision
Hot Start Unit has been off for one or more hours Known Known Within 100 km of last fix Within 10 min precision
In a time when multiple satellite constellations are available—GPS has since been joined by the likes of GLONASS, Galileo, Beidou, and others—it is mandatory to evaluate TTFF for each constellation supported by your receiver. If you are able to activate each constellation separately on your receiver, it is recommended that you do so. If not, one option may be to enable one constellation at a time on the Orolia Skydel™ GNSS simulator; however, the algorithms of your receiver won't be Optimized to search "signal only" for this visible constellation.
To properly evaluate your receiver, it is necessary to start it with a large number of scenario points and to frequently change your simulated constellation configuration. To do so, the Skydel simulator is provided with a powerful API enabling you to automate the launch of successive Skydel scenarios and to send automatic off/on commands to the receiver being tested. With only minimal programming skills, it is easy to automate TTFF tests with the Skydel simulator, whereas other solutions may require the development of a test-specific bench or tools.
Test procedure
In this example, we will assess the performance of the u-blox™ EVK-M8N receiver across several TTFF scenarios. Thanks to the flexibility of the Orolia Skydel simulator, the receiver can easily be tested with different constellation modes and start conditions. For example, here we choose to validate the performance of both a single constellation (GPS C/A & Galileo E1 separately) and a mixed mode (both GPS and Galileo at the same time), in cold and hot starting conditions. The performance is also measured with interferences activated during the acquisition and tracking of the GNSS signal, using the interference capabilities of the Orolia Skydel software. For each performance point assessment (one constellation in one starting condition), the receiver is started 200 times across 5 different scenarios.
Skydel Version 17.1.7
Software-Defined Radio (SDR) Ettus USRP X300
Controller PC Nvidia GeForce GTX 1080
Intel Core I7-6700K
Windows 10 Pro
u-blox EVK-M8N S/W Version EXT CORE 3.01
H/W version 00080000
Test set-up
As illustrated below in Figure 1, a basic configuration of the Skydel simulator is used to perform this test. The GNSS receiver is connected to the controller PC using a USB cable; the connection is managed by the proprietary software interface of the u-blox receiver. With this configuration, the Skydel simulator and the u-blox receiver can easily be controlled from a single PC without the need to manage multiple Ethernet interfaces.
Once the system's set-up is complete, we begin by creating 5 different simulation scenarios using the Skydel GUI. Each scenario is set at a different location on the earth and uses a different start time. Doing so will ensure that you have a truly unique GNSS constellation in view for each scenario. Ionospheric and tropospheric propagation delays are defined following the Klobuchar and STANAG models. All other impairments (e.g., multipath, clock random noise, pseudorange ramps) are turned off. Eventually, the GNSS signal power is set to -50 dBm (equivalent to -110 dBm at the receiver's input) for both GPS and Galileo reference satellites on zenith. Power is automatically adjusted for all other satellites as a function of their elevation angles. The simulation duration time is infinite because the scenario's start and stop times will be controlled through the API.
Script overview
Once your simulator scenarios have been created, you can evaluate your receiver's TTFF performance. Instead of doing so manually, we can use the powerful Orolia Skydel API to achieve the same result, however with much less effort and much less time.
In this example, we use the Python API; however Skydel is also delivered with C++ and C# APIs. The following Python commands are provided as an example but should be adapted to your configuration, particularly the functions that control your receiver.
First we import remote functions from the Orolia Skydel library:
 import skydelsdx
 from skydelsdx.commands import Open
 from skydelsdx.commands import Stop
 from skydelsdx.commands import Start
 from skydelsdx.commands import SetInterferenceChirp
We create an instance of the Skydel remote simulator and connect to it:
 sim = skydelsdx.RemoteSimulator(True)
Then we loop on the previously created Skydel scenarios, here on 5 different scenarios:
 TTFFlist = []
 for scnNumber in range(1, totalScnNumber + 1):
In the loop, we open the first scenario on the Skydel simulator:"yourScenarioPath {0}.sdx".format(totalScnNumber), True))
In this example, we have activated a chirp interference centred on L1, with a 1 MHz bandwidth, 100 µs sweep time, and 24 dB of J/S power ratio for some of the tests. The interference could have been added directly to this scenario, but to maintain the flexibility of enabling or disabling it, we preferred to add interference using a remote command:, 0, 1.57542e+9, 24, 1e+6, 0.0001, True, "{8d18b359-1b21-44a6-b882-7b84e7dbadb4}"))
We can then start and stop our Skydel scenario with a function in between computing the desired amount of TTFF starts. For example, here we have used 40 starts for each scenario:
 - for the selected constellation
 - in a defined type (cold, warm or hot condition)
 TTFFlist = TTFFlist + TTFFStarts(runNumberForEachScn, GNSSconstellation, TTFFtype)
The TTFFstarts function connects to the u-blox receiver, sets the constellation mode, and restarts the receiver with a memory erasure. In the case of an abnormal starting time (i.e., if the GNSS signal is not found due to an interference power above specification), a timeout is defined for each start type, then the function waits 900 seconds in warm and hot start conditions to retrieve all of the data from the navigation message:
 def TTFFStarts(runNumberForEachScn, GNSSconstellation, TTFFtype):
 u-blox = connectReceiver()
 setReceiverMode(ublox, GNSSconstellation)
 if TTFFtype == TTFFtypes.cold:
 timeout = 90
 elif TTFFtype == TTFFtypes.warm:
 timeout = 90
 elif TTFFtype ==
 timeout = 15
 TTFFlist = TTFFlist + TTFFStarts(runNumberForEachScn, GNSSconstellation, TTFFtype)
We then iterate on the desired number of starts. Before restarting the receiver in the selected mode, we wait for a random time to avoid a common condition between each start. Then the function waits for a fix of the receiver and computes the TTFF. This function will depend on your definition of the TTFF (i.e., the number of satellites used in the position computation, PDOP condition, or other criteria in your specification) and on your receiver's capabilities. Here we use the u-blox receiver to automatically compute the time for the first 2-D fix.
 TTFFlist = []
 for nb in range(1, runNumberForEachScn + 1):
 if TTFFtype == TTFFtypes.cold:
 elif TTFFtype ==
 TTFF = waitForFix(ublox, timeout)
 TTFFlist = TTFFlist + [TTFF]
 return TTFFlist
TTFFlist contains


Some people fry their bacon, some roast it—and some cook it with a laser, supervillain-style. At least that's what Tokyo Mathematical Science professor Kentaro Fukuchi did when looking for an innovative new cooking technique.
For the Munchies series "Food Hacking," Fukuchi teamed up with tech innovator and film producer Hiroshi Takai to combine technology with culinary tradition. In this case, the tech was a laser cutter and the tradition was eating raw meat. Using the laser, they singled out just the strips of fat for frying while leaving the meaty parts cold. They were able to achieve this by using imaging software to create a "map" of each strip. This instructed the computer-guided laser on which sections to burn and which to avoid.
[h/t: Engadget]


text:
Decentralization'.
- There are additional probability considerations as discussed in part III.
- Technically a complex graph, not a tree structure, although the tree is an appropriate mental construct. We could have used more sophisticated graph theory calculations (perhaps the degree sum formula or a related formula) to arrive at a more precise number of nodes reached given D degrees and E edges, of but decided it was unnecessary because the maximum number of nodes is used, which is a generous assumption.


text:
So here's a dirty little secret. The muscle names provided in the slideshow anatomical primer are derived from the names used by medical doctors. These are the names that most people ar familiar with, especially if you have taken an anatomy & physiology course. Even if you hang out with weightlifters, you've probably heard them refer to their latissimus dorsi or trapezius muscles.
Because animal body plans are usually very different from ours, it isn't always easy to tell if our muscles are the ssame, or slightly different. And there are inportant differences. For example, there are two sets of pectoralis muscles in humans, the pectoralis major and the pectoralis minor. It may seem obvious that the pectoralis major is the larger of the two, and that's true, as long as you are looking at a higher primate. If you look at cat muscles, the pectoralis minor is larger than the p. major. Since there are important differences, and because muscle systems have been studied since before it was known that animals evolve from one another, early biologists simply came up with their own muscle nomenclature for different groups of animals, whenever it was convenient.
You might wonder that since we know better now, couldn't we just use one set of names for te muscles of all animals (or at least all vertebrates)? Sadly, there are still important differences in musculature between animal groups. Birds have evolved some muscles that mammals don't have, and vice versa. A biologist only wants to only want to use the same name for two different muscles if they are the same in an evolutionary sense; if they are homologous. When the section on evolutionary concepts is done, there will be a section on homology vs. analogy. In the mean time, link to the glossary for an introduction.
The take home message here is that there ar real problems figuring out if the muscles of two different animals are really the same muscles. For this reason, scientists generally would not publish a paper on dinosaurs that uses human anatomical terms. Instead, they usually use the nomenclature for either crocodiles or birds. There has been a trend lately to use the names of bird muscles, as defined by the Handbook of Avian Anatomy: Nomina Anatomic Avium.
It is easier for many people to leanr the human anatomy terms, and if it's easier for you, that's ok. Just remember that they aren't the official names for dinosaur muscles. For everyone who would like to learn them using avian muscle nomenclature, I've provided a link below. Feel free to compare the human and avian names of the muscles using the links below. I will be posting close-ups of more parts of the body, as well as a self-test, for those who really want to commit the terms to memory.


text:
DAT605 Web and Cloud Computing
Lead Faculty: Dr. Pradip Peter Dey
A survey of the technologies required for software development of current applications, such as internet and client/server with a focus on database applications and software systems that solve a particular real-world problem. Examine application design and external, conceptual and internal levels of databases. Design and develop front-end application using GUI/API, server-side and client-side programming, and mulit-threading for modern relational databases in the client/server environment.
- Compare front-end application development environments.
- Evaluate cloud computing concepts and role of foundation technologies.
- Develop complex front-end applications.
- Integrate high level program applications with back-end databases.
- Analyze and design complex front-end applications for cloud and client-server architectures.


text:
Patna Kalam is a wonderful style of Indian painting which is very popular even in the present times. It was the first school in the world of painting that specifically defined the lifestyle of the common people. This painting has been in existence for almost 200 years and is equally popular today.
Patna Kalam was created by Mughal artists in the 18th century and the main buyers of this artifact were the British who used to buy it from Patna as souvenirs. This painting is special even today and the process of her painting is called "Kaji Seahi".


text:
This page collects all that is known about the Language of the Eleint, soletaken dragons or draconeans and tries to provide translations and speculation based on the examples of the language given in the books. There might be spoilers in the list below.
- Eleint Tiam purake setoram n'brael buras - said by Feather Witch during a tiles reading. Translated by Udinaas (+Wyval ) as "Children of the Mother Tiam lost in all that they surrendered" He adds: "more or less. The poetry suffers in translation".


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The Women on Boards Network mentorship is issued to members who have undergone the Global Women on Boards training in partnership with the LeadWomen of Malaysia. The programme is based on structured flexibility, with mentors and mentees having freedom in defining the relationship and programme activities.
The mentees are attached to a local and international mentor.
- To facilitate and increase the knowledge and skills of the mentee in Board leadership.
- To offer the mentees the opportunity of acquiring additional knowledge and skills by understanding the mentor's practical skills and experience.
- To provide motivation for the mentee to seek to improve their knowledge and skills
In the Mentorship mentees will benefit from:
- Insights into the board leadership culture.
- Experiential knowledge on how to achieve strategies for effective board operations and life balance.
- Support during the introduction process – including how to adapt to a new board field culturally, organizationally and professionally.
- Assistance in gaining new skills that will help them as they advance in their careers.


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Get news updates from WGBH
Fri February 22, 2013
The Century of Urbanization
In hundreds of years, when people read the history of the 21st century, they may well call it the century of urbanization. The century in which hundreds of millions of people — billions, ultimately — left their homes in rural areas and crowded into cities, looking for new and better lives.
But how will that migration affect the planet?
Karen Seto, Associate Professor of the Urban Environment at Yale's School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, argues that the impact may be profound.
WHERE WE LIVE
BOSTON PUBLIC RADIO


The definitive marijuana guide from Cannabis UK
CB1 cannabinoid receptor expression in brain regions associated with zebra finch song control
by Soderstrom K, Johnson F
Cannabinoids have been used for millennia through various preparations of Cannabis sativa. Despite this long history of use, the physiological significance of cannabinoid signaling in the vertebrate CNS is not well understood. High CB1 cannabinoid receptor densities in mammalian telencephalon and the results of behavioral studies suggest that cannabinoids play a role in cognitive function, learning, and memory. Since a network of discrete brain regions in zebra finch telencephalon controls song learning, we hypothesized that cannabinoid signaling may be relevant to songbird vocal development and behavior. Radioligand binding experiments using the cannabinoid agonist [3H]CP-55940 allowed identification of a dense population of high-affinity cannabinoid binding sites in zebra finch neuronal membranes. Northern blotting and RT-PCR experiments demonstrated expression of a predominant zebra finch CB1 mRNA of approximately 5.5 kb. Expression of this CB1 mRNA appears to change over the course of vocal development within the caudal telencephalon. As zebra finch caudal telencephalon contains the higher vocal center (HVC) and the robust nucleus of the archistriatum (RA), regions involved in song learning and production, we further investigated CB1 expression in these areas using in situ hybridization. In situ hybridization revealed that CB1 mRNA is expressed at high levels within both HVC and RA. Overall, these data demonstrate the presence of CB1 signaling systems within songbird telencephalon, notably within regions known to be involved in song learning and production. High-level CB1 expression in song regions suggests a potential role for cannabinoid signaling in zebra finch vocal development.
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Needs of Living Things Animation Kindergarten Prescoolers Kids
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Aaww! I am lucky. I am going to keep this butterfly for ever in my glass jar. Oh! Don't do that Jimmy. The butterfly won't be able to live in the glass jar for long. Why not? My stone collection is also in a glass jar. Stones are non-living things they are fine in the glass jar. But butterflies and other living things have needs like air, food, water, and a place to live. OK. I leave the butterfly but you'll have to tell me more about this. Deal. Here it flies away. Very good boy. OK. Now tell me what do you mean by the needs of living things? Hmm. Living things like plants and animals need some important things to be alive in life. I am a living thing too. Ain't I? Yes of course you are. And the basic needs that you have are same as other living things like a rose plant or an elephant. How is that possible? Let me explain. The first most important need we have is air. All living things need to breathe. What happens if there is no air? Why don't you try to hold your breathe and see. Oh I was not feeling well! See. You needed to breathe. Just as a rose plant, or an elephant. Hmmm.. What about fish? Are they living things too? Hmm.. Good question. Fish breathes the air which is dissolved in water. Oh! That's cool. So, all living things need air. I get that. What else? All living things need energy from food and water. That reminds me I am hungry. Thank you. You see food gives us energy. Different living things get energy in different ways. I know. Different animals eat different things. You are a smart boy. Do you know what a rabbit eats? Yes. Carrots. And a cow? Grass. Very good. How about Pandas? I read it somewhere. Pandas eat bamboos. Superb. What about birds? They eat seeds and worms. Ewww.. Hahaha.. Now tell me, what do plants eat? Plants? They eat... mmmm... I think... aaaa.... aaaa... OK. I don't know. Can you please tell me what do plants eat? Plants take nutrients and water from the soil and light from the sun to make their own food. Waow. That's so cool. Sure it is. Remember water is very important for life as well. Yes. I feel very thirsty. That is why I always keep a water bottle with me. Air, food, water. Is there anything else that living things need to survive? Indeed. There is one last thing. Close you eyes and imagine with me. OK. Imagine a tree. And some more trees. Imagine a river flowing by. And lots of bushes and shrubs. Now imagine a polar bear there. That's not right. How can a polar bear be here? Yes. You are right. A polar bear cannot live in a forest. It's not the right place to live for a polar bear. How can you make the picture right Jimmy? Well. How about putting an elephant or a gorilla or even a monkey there. Absolutely. Each living thing needs a place to live that is right for it. What kind of place does a polar bear need to live? I know. Some place really really cold. How about this? Not right. Mango trees don't grow in deserts. And how about this? That's OK. A cactus can live in dry and hot deserts. Cool. So tell me Jimmy, what is a living thing need to live? I know. A living thing needs air. And energy from food and water. And a place to live in. I think the butterfly is saying, "good job Jimmy." Hahahahaaa...
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Posted by: schoogle on Feb 11, 2016
Needs of Living Things Animation Kindergarten Prescoolers Kids
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Table of Contents :
Top Suggestions Characteristic Dialogue Worksheet :
Characteristic Dialogue Worksheet Often times we are drawn to a specific character in books and stories we read in class or at home help your child tap into this fictional attraction by sharing about their favorite character with a After writing an end to the story children will answer reading comprehension questions that will encourage them to think about character traits plot and dialogue this worksheet was designed for Gapped dialogue 2 give students the text of an episode but with one character s lines deleted we d love to publish them and any worksheets you d like to share on this page.
Characteristic Dialogue Worksheet Punctuation is used in direct speech to separate spoken words or dialogue from the rest of a story the words spoken by a character sit this story building grid worksheet from teachit Empathy is the ability to recognize understand and share the thoughts and feelings of another person animal or fictional character developing empathy is crucial for establishing relationships When crafting your resume and cover letter keep in mind that employers aren t just looking at your technical ability but also value soft skills character traits and qualities that may not be.
Characteristic Dialogue Worksheet Ruhi is displaying characteristics of a an 1 creative thinker 2 convergent thinker 3 rigid thinker 4 egocentric thinker 13 in a situation of less participation of students belonging Leaders can use this worksheet and accompanying questions closely aligned views among employees regarding which cultural characteristics are salient in the company when assessing a culture Nehama sent her responses in the next worksheet creating an ongoing dialogue soon mostly through word of mouth gives the reader insight into this character s state of mind despite her.
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Writing Dialogue Worksheets
Writing Dialogue Worksheets Related Ela Standard W 4 3 B Answer Keys Here When We Are Writing About A Conversation This Exchange Is Referred To As Dialogue The Conversation Can Between Just Two People Or A Whole Crowd Theater Roots Itself Entirely In Dialogue The Actual Speech In Written Form Is Encased In Quotation Marks These Marks Let The Reader Know That These Were Words Were SpokenDialogue Completion Exercises Worksheets Ket Pet Ielts
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Ccss Ela Literacy Rl 8 3 Analyze How Particular Lines Of Dialogue Or Incidents In A Story Or Drama Propel The Action Reveal Aspects Of A Character Or Provoke A Decision Ccss Ela Literacy Rl 9 10 3 Analyze How Complex Characters E G Those With Multiple Or Conflicting Motivations Develop Over The Course Of A Text Interact With Other Characters And Advance The Plot Or Develop The
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Characteristic Dialogue Worksheet. The worksheet is an assortment of 4 intriguing pursuits that will enhance your kid's knowledge and abilities. The worksheets are offered in developmentally appropriate versions for kids of different ages. Adding and subtracting integers worksheets in many ranges including a number of choices for parentheses use.
You can begin with the uppercase cursives and after that move forward with the lowercase cursives. Handwriting for kids will also be rather simple to develop in such a fashion. If you're an adult and wish to increase your handwriting, it can be accomplished. As a result, in the event that you really wish to enhance handwriting of your kid, hurry to explore the advantages of an intelligent learning tool now!
Consider how you wish to compose your private faith statement. Sometimes letters have to be adjusted to fit in a particular space. When a letter does not have any verticals like a capital A or V, the very first diagonal stroke is regarded as the stem. The connected and slanted letters will be quite simple to form once the many shapes re learnt well. Even something as easy as guessing the beginning letter of long words can assist your child improve his phonics abilities. Characteristic Dialogue Worksheet.
There isn't anything like a superb story, and nothing like being the person who started a renowned urban legend. Deciding upon the ideal approach route Cursive writing is basically joined-up handwriting. Practice reading by yourself as often as possible.
Research urban legends to obtain a concept of what's out there prior to making a new one. You are still not sure the radicals have the proper idea. Naturally, you won't use the majority of your ideas. If you've got an idea for a tool please inform us. That means you can begin right where you are no matter how little you might feel you've got to give. You are also quite suspicious of any revolutionary shift. In earlier times you've stated that the move of independence may be too early.
Each lesson in handwriting should start on a fresh new page, so the little one becomes enough room to practice. Every handwriting lesson should begin with the alphabets. Handwriting learning is just one of the most important learning needs of a kid. Learning how to read isn't just challenging, but fun too.
The use of grids The use of grids is vital in earning your child learn to Improve handwriting. Also, bear in mind that maybe your very first try at brainstorming may not bring anything relevant, but don't stop trying. Once you are able to work, you might be surprised how much you get done. Take into consideration how you feel about yourself. Getting able to modify the tracking helps fit more letters in a little space or spread out letters if they're too tight. Perhaps you must enlist the aid of another man to encourage or help you keep focused.
Characteristic Dialogue Worksheet. Try to remember, you always have to care for your child with amazing care, compassion and affection to be able to help him learn. You may also ask your kid's teacher for extra worksheets. Your son or daughter is not going to just learn a different sort of font but in addition learn how to write elegantly because cursive writing is quite beautiful to check out. As a result, if a kid is already suffering from ADHD his handwriting will definitely be affected. Accordingly, to be able to accomplish this, if children are taught to form different shapes in a suitable fashion, it is going to enable them to compose the letters in a really smooth and easy method. Although it can be cute every time a youngster says he runned on the playground, students want to understand how to use past tense so as to speak and write correctly. Let say, you would like to boost your son's or daughter's handwriting, it is but obvious that you want to give your son or daughter plenty of practice, as they say, practice makes perfect.
Without phonics skills, it's almost impossible, especially for kids, to learn how to read new words. Techniques to Handle Attention Issues It is extremely essential that should you discover your kid is inattentive to his learning especially when it has to do with reading and writing issues you must begin working on various ways and to improve it. Use a student's name in every sentence so there's a single sentence for each kid. Because he or she learns at his own rate, there is some variability in the age when a child is ready to learn to read. Teaching your kid to form the alphabets is quite a complicated practice.


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The patadyong is a pre-Spanish clothing item or loose skirt worn by Filipino women particularly in the lowland regions of the Visayas. In terms of function, it is similar to the "sarong" or "malong" used in Mindanao in southern Philippinesa nd Indonesia. But instead of the batik patterns, the patadyong has a checkered, colorful design or patterns.
Like the malong, the patadyong has a variety of uses. Primarily, women used it as a tucked-in skirt topped by a kimona (thin cotton blouse). Women in the countryside or rural areas wear or used the patadyong as a sort of kerchief, shawl or even to shade or cover themselves from prying eyes. In bygone days when washing or bathing in rivers were commonplace, women hold a piece or one end of the patadyong with their teeth or free hand, while soaping and cleaning their body with another hand. It may looked clumsy but it works by providing a bit of privacy.
Today wearing patadyong is often limited or seen in folkloric performances and dances, and is considered as more of a costume than everyday wear like it used to be.
Long live Philippine clothing traditions!


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Washington and Lee law professor Christopher Seaman recently presented his new work, entitled Collaboration and Patentability, at the 4th Annual Mid-Atlantic Patent Law Works-in-Progress (MAPWIP) program. The event was held at American University Washington College of Law on Friday, November 13, 2015.
From the abstract:
Collaboration is a hallmark of modern innovation. Patented inventions are now more likely to be the result of large-scale research projects in private industry or academia involving a multidisciplinary team of collaborators, rather than the lone tinkerer in a garage. The rise of collaborative invention is due to several developments, including increased specialization within scientific disciplines, the prohibitive costs of independent research, and the ability for far-flung researchers to collaborate via the Internet. Although patent law has evolved to facilitate collaborative invention in several important ways, it has lagged in recognizing the shift to team-based innovation in one important respect: the concept of the so-called "person having ordinary skill in the art" (PHOSITA). The PHOSITA plays an important role in determining several key requirements for patentability, including nonobviousness, enablement, and written description. The PHOSITA also is central to determining the scope of a patent's claims, which greatly influences both infringement and invalidity in patent litigation. This Article contends that the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and the federal courts should account for the rise of collaborative invention by judging patentability from the perspective of a collaborative team, rather than a lone PHOSITA. By doing so, patent law will utilize a more realistic framework for judging patentability, which may raise the bar for some requirements like nonobviousness, but lower them for others like enablement and written description.


Rossland History
Old RosslandFirst discovered by two prospectors from the nearby Dewdney Trail, the Le Roi mine was the claim that started the gold rush in Rossland in 1890. It was sold to Colonel Topping in lieu of a $12.50 recording fee. He then turned around and sold it to a Spokane company for $30,000. They began to develop the mine and the town was born. In 1898 the Le Roi mine was sold to the British American Corporation for just over three million dollars. Once the mine came into production, Le Roi stock jumped from fifty cents a share to $40 almost overnight. The population of Rossland exploded as gold fever attracted men from around the world and Rossland became one of the largest cities in Western Canada and a major business center in North America. Many of the Rossland mines such as the Center Star, Le Roi, War Eagle, Josie, etc. became world famous. These mines were worked over the next forty years, creating the town of Rossland. By 1897, the population had increased to 7,000, with 42 saloons, 4 banks and 17 law firms A smelter was built in the valley below, giving birth to the city of Trail. The mines and smelter were amalgamated in 1906 to form the company now known as Cominco. The booming town of Rossland attracted miners from many countries and prominent among them were Scandinavians from the United States and from their native lands. They brought with them their knowledge and love of skiing and soon organized the Rossland Ski Club, which held the first recorded competitions in Canada.
In 1922, the Great Northern saw fit to pull up the rails of the faithful Red Mountain Railway and, in 1927 and 1929, the second and third great fires laid waste the business section. Finally in 1929, the last man left "the hill" and after forty exciting years of operation with a combined output of almost 165 million dollars, the treasure vault on Red Mountain was closed.
A hundred years later, at the 1992 Winter Olympics, Rossland's name was heard again - this time for the gold being produced on its ski slopes. Home of some of the best alpine and cross-country skiing in British Columbia, Rossland has been producing ski champions since 1897, including Olympic champions Kerrin Lee-Gartner and Nancy Greene.
Today the Golden City looks to a new future in the white gold of her winter ski slopes and in a reawakening of her historic mines. What remains of the golden past are many heritage buildings and sites, testament to the historic importance of the community to the developmnet of the Kootenays and the Province. The Rossland museum has an extensive collection and arcives that are well worth a visit.


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Is the winner really the best? A critical analysis of common research practice in biomedical image analysis competitions
Jun 06, 2018
Lena Maier-Hein*, Matthias Eisenmann*, Annika Reinke, Sinan Onogur, Marko Stankovic, Patrick Scholz, Tal Arbel, Hrvoje Bogunovic, Andrew P. Bradley, Aaron Carass, Carolin Feldmann, Alejandro F. Frangi, Peter M. Full, Bram van Ginneken, Allan Hanbury, Katrin Honauer, Michal Kozubek, Bennett A. Landman, Keno März, Oskar Maier, Klaus Maier-Hein, Bjoern H. Menze, Henning Müller, Peter F. Neher, Wiro Niessen, Nasir Rajpoot, Gregory C. Sharp, Korsuk Sirinukunwattana, Stefanie Speidel, Christian Stock, Danail Stoyanov, Abdel Aziz Taha, Fons van der Sommen, Ching-Wei Wang, Marc-André Weber, Guoyan Zheng, Pierre Jannin*, Annette Kopp-Schneider*
International challenges have become the standard for validation of biomedical image analysis methods. Given their scientific impact, it is surprising that a critical analysis of common practices related to the organization of challenges has not yet been performed. In this paper, we present a comprehensive analysis of biomedical image analysis challenges conducted up to now. We demonstrate the importance of challenges and show that the lack of quality control has critical consequences. First, reproducibility and interpretation of the results is often hampered as only a fraction of relevant information is typically provided. Second, the rank of an algorithm is generally not robust to a number of variables such as the test data used for validation, the ranking scheme applied and the observers that make the reference annotations. To overcome these problems, we recommend best practice guidelines and define open research questions to be addressed in the future.
* 48 pages, under review in Nature Methods
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