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perhaps be the future point for Scheme nine, the "Uranian" Scheme, to physically come in at. However as the Venus Scheme is in its last Chain with any physical globes, there will be room in its orbit for planets from other Schemes to be created at in the future, say the tenth, which for lack of any other name we could call the "Venus II" Scheme.
Looking at all ten Schemes together, and assuming that of Schemes eight, nine, and ten, two are indeed in their second Chains while the other is in its first, we can come up with the following totals for the number of principle planets in our solar system: On the physical plane are 11 planets (two with physical life and the other nine with only etheric evolution). Discounting the Earth, and counting the Moon and the Sun, this gives us our 12 physical planets corresponding to each zodiac sign! On the astral plane are 16 planets (astral project and more than double the number of visible planets in the sky), or 27 also counting the 11 physical planets with their astral counterparts. On the mental plane are 35 planets (19 on the lower mental and 16 on the Causal) which again more the double the number of planets on all the lower planes (with 62 total counting the lower plane counterparts). On the bhuddic plane are 6 planets (68 total), and on the atmic are 2 planets. All together we have a grand total of 70 planets in our solar system.
As the Venus Scheme is the only one in its fifth Chain, entities in it are the most highly evolved in the solar system, and have helped out Earth in the past. The second most highly evolved Schemes are our own and the Neptune Scheme. Note that as globe D in the Neptune Scheme is fully physical, it should have physical life instead of etheric, meaning there should be extraterrestrial life on this planet that we can see and physically interact with! Although it wouldn't be remotely like ourself, I'll be one of the first to propose that there may be life on Pluto about at our level of evolution! The small planetoid Chiron with its eccentric orbit is probably not any globe of any Chain, although it could be a remnant from a previous Chain or even globe C or E of the Neptune Scheme.
The Vulcan Scheme, if it is indeed fully in its third Chain, should have a fully physical planet inside Mercury's orbit. As there doesn't seem to be any such readily visible object with physical gravity, it's possible that Vulcan's globe D is fully on the etheric sub-planes of the physical plane, unlike the Jupiter, Saturn, and Uranus Schemes. Or, as Vulcan's meaning is very similar to the Sun's, the physical Sun itself could be being used as Vulcan's globe D.
Astrologically, one can get a very rough idea of the type of evolution happening on any Scheme, through the influence we have associated with its various physical planets. Our own Terrene Scheme, involving our Earth, Mars, and Mercury forms a general theme which can be described as doing, experience, or will. Note as within the ubiquitous groups of seven, the third generally deals with activity, as in our third Root-Race, the fourth with emotion, as in our fourth Root-Race and fourth Round, and the fifth with intellect, as with our present Root-Race, the same can be applied to globes within our own Chain. Hence globe C, Mars, is focused upon activity, and our globe E, Mercury is focused upon intellect, which is very similar to the astrological meanings these planets have. Our own Earth, globe D, is perceived from other planets as an influence of emotion or willful feeling, which is similar the meaning we have assigned to our Moon, globe D of our previous Chain. Neptune, and the other planets in its Chain, which may include an undiscovered planet, Pluto, or even Chiron have a general theme of aspects of consciousness in its evolution, and in our astrological influences assigned to them.
An entire Scheme itself acts as one great being called a Planetary Logos. This level is the first that touches the Logoic plane and is able to act as a "Creator" and bring forth new life. All the Schemes put together form the greater being of a Solar Logos, which is the spirit of our solar system. Even solar systems form groups through which evolution proceeds in sequence. Looking at all the levels, right now most of us are in the sixth sub-race of the fifth Root-Race of the fourth globe of the fourth Round of the fourth Chain of the third Scheme of the second solar system.
Evolution proceeds in a grand Plan through all the kingdoms of nature. Each entity in our solar system began its evolution with its monad projecting a "body" of a single atom on the Causal or higher mental plane. Eventually it involves to become a lower mental atom, and after that an astral atom. Finally it enters the physical mineral kingdom and becomes the spirit of rocks. After this it evolves through the vegetable, animal, then human kingdoms, with seven kingdoms total. The length of time any one entity spends in any kingdom is about one Chain, meaning the whole period of ones evolution through all kingdoms is about the period of one planetary Scheme. Many of us who are human now were animals in our planet's third Chain, and individualized and became human in one of its later Rounds, with the advanced people we regard as spiritual masters having entered the human kingdom a Round or so before us. Going back, this means we were minerals in the first Chain of our Earth Scheme, and likely first entered evolution all together in the fifth Chain of some previous Scheme in an earlier solar system.
Note that saying that we were physical minerals in Earth's first Chain isn't entirely sufficient in our case as the lowest globe in any first or seventh Chain is on the mental plane, hence there is no physical or astral matter available for such entities to directly involve in. One can only say that the Great Ones coordinating such evolution "think about" their advancement on the higher planes so they progress in a similar manner. This means many of us got a "free ride" when in the astral and physical elemental kingdoms.
Actually it doesn't take us an entire Chain to proceed through one kingdom. That's the time period covered, but we only spend about what sums up to one Round's worth of time active in any one Chain, being in a state of spiritual sleep on the higher planes for the other periods. An advanced human doesn't need to spend time in the earlier Rounds of a new Chain. Many of us who were human in the latter Rounds of the Moon Chain have only just recently entered the Earth Chain, on this very globe, even within the last century in our own race, the earlier rounds not being evolved enough for useful evolutionary progress. Also, as the average evolutionary state in a race, globe, and so on becomes more advanced there are times when less evolved entities get removed, to eventually continue growing in the earlier parts of a future race, globe, etc. These "judgment days" of various degrees and orders form the basis of the Earth Changes and so on one hears about, with a major boundary point for our entire World-Period likely coming soon.
Our entire solar system forms one beautiful coherent whole. On the extreme high spiritual planes, the various globes of a Chain are actually connected together through a higher dimension, looking like the petals of a flower. On still higher levels, all the Schemes are connected together, with the entire solar system being one great lotus with planetary Logos as petals or organs in its body. All the above are in an eternal dance with numerous overlapping cycles. What corresponds to these great beings breathing, or their heart beats, and the spiritual energies as projected through the solar system, are what forms the basis of astrological influences. Looking at the movements of the various physical planets can give us at least a clue to these cycles and their meanings.
Groups of groups of solar systems eventually form the spirits of zodiac signs or the arms of a spiral galaxy. All these together form a Galactic Logos which is the spirit of a galaxy and has stars as cells in its body. Galaxies act as organs in the bodies of galactic clusters, which in turn form superclusters. Eventually we have a divine being acting as the entire physical plane, where all the planes together form, at least what we can conceive of, God.
"Who am I, What am I? As I am, I am not. But as we are, I AM. And to you my creation, My Perfect Love is your Perfect Freedom. And I will be with you forever and ever, until the End, and then forever more." - GOD


Tornado hits Kingsbury County South Dakota
 A tornado touched down in northeastern Kingsbury County South Dakota. The tornado was on the ground for at least 6 minutes. It hit a hog operation 4 miles north of Lake Preston, destroying a barn, two other outbuildings, and downing several trees. However, the farmhouse was undamaged by the tornado. No injuries were reported with the tornado as it moved along 204th St in Kingsbury County. However, numerous hogs were killed by the tornado. Below is a pictures of the thunderstorm which produce the tornado taken by Donna Budahl. Donna was located on Highway 81 nine miles north of Madison, South Dakota. While the picture does not show the tornado, one can see the cumulonimbus cloud with an overshooting top and anvil. The tornado would have been located on the left side of the picture (southwest side of the storm.
Below we also have an overview of the lowest elevation of the storm from reflectivity and the storm relative velocity. The storm relative velocity will show the rotation within the thunderstorm approximately 5000 feet above the ground. The storm began to develop around 5:49 pm. There was evidence of a thunderstorm developing northwest of De Smet. A weak circulation was associated with this updraft. There also is evidence of a dryline east of Madison, South Dakota. While the dryline was not evident farther north, it is hypothesized that the dryline was located just east of this developing cell.
At 6:14 pm, the storm had intensified and the circulation had begun to strengthen. The circulation remained much weaker than what is typically seen with tornadic thunderstorms. Typically, the rotation on radar associated with a tornadic thunderstorms is greater than 40 mph. However, in this case, the rotation was between 10 and 20 mph. However, the rotation was rather narrow - only 2 to 4 miles wide.
While the circulation was weaker than generally observed with tornadoes, the storm was in a location which was favorable for tornadoes. One parameter meteorologist examines is the low-level instability. To do this we examine a quantity called convective available potential energy (CAPE). Specifically, meteorologists examine the CAPE up to 3 km since if there is a lot of energy below 3 km then it is more likely a tornado will develop. The graphic below shows that the axis of the largest 3 km CAPE extended into eastern Kingsbury County.
Forecasters also examine the change in wind speed and direction in the lower atmosphere called shear. For tornadoes, it is usually necessary to have a lot of shear to increase the rotation within the thunderstorm. The image below shows that the shear below 1 km was 15 to 20 kts which is sufficient for tornado development.
In the next 5 minutes the storm continued to intensify and at 6:19 pm cdt, the radar showed a strong storm over northeast Kingsbury County with some rotation. This is when the tornado touched down north of Lake Preston.
At 6:23 pm, the tornado destroyed portions of a hog confinement 4 miles north of Lake Preston. Here is how it looked on radar.
The storm began to rapidly weaken after 6:23 pm. The next image is from 6:48 pm and notice that the circulation is no longer evident and the storm is no longer above 30 dBz on reflecitivity. Calls to weather spotters north of Arlington indicated that the rotation within the storm had disipated between 6:35 pm and 6:45 pm.


text:
By Steve Leblanc, Associated Press Writer
BOSTON Parents, don't put away those video games just yet -- today's gamer may be tomorrow's top surgeon. Researchers who gathered in Boston for the American Psychological Association convention detailed a series of studies suggesting video games can be powerful learning tools -- from increasing younger students' problem-solving potential to improving the suturing skills of laparoscopic surgeons.
One study even looked at whether playing "World of Warcraft," the world's biggest multiplayer online game, can improve scientific thinking.
The conclusion? Certain types of video games can have benefits beyond the virtual thrills of blowing up demons.
In one Fordham University study, 122 students in fifth, sixth and seventh grades were asked to think out loud for 20 minutes while playing a game they had never seen before. Researchers studied the children's statements to see if playing the game improved cognitive and perceptual skills.
While older children seemed more interested in just playing the game, younger children showed more interest in setting up a series of short-term goals needed to help them learn the game.
"The younger kids are focusing more on their planning and problem solving while they are actually playing the game, while adolescents are focusing less on their planning and strategizing and more on the here and now," said Fordham psychologist Fran Blumberg, who conducted the research last year and plans to submit it for publication. "They're thinking less strategically than the younger kids."
Studies by Iowa State University psychologist Douglas Gentile and Dr. James Rosser, head of minimally invasive surgery at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston, compared surgeons who play video games to those who don't.
The edge went to gamer surgeons, they found, even after taking into account differences in age, years of medical training and the number of laparoscopic surgeries performed. In laparoscopic procedures, surgeons use small incisions, thin surgical tools and video cameras to see inside the body.
One study of 33 laparoscopic surgeons found that those who played video games were 27 percent faster at advanced surgical procedures and made 37 percent fewer errors than those who didn't.
Advanced video game skills also were a good way to predict suturing abilities, according to their study, which was published in the Archives of Surgery in 2007.
Research Gentile and Rosser conducted for a second as yet unpublished study of 303 laparoscopic surgeons found those who played video games requiring spacial skills and hand dexterity performed better at those skills when tested later compared to surgeons who didn't play videos, Gentile said.
"The single best predictor of their skills is how much they had played video games in the past and how much they played now. Those were better predictors of surgical skills than years of training and number of surgeries performed," Gentile said. "So the first question you might ask your surgeon is how many of these (surgeries) have you done and the second question is 'Are you a gamer?'"
Some videos games even appear to sharpen scientific thinking skills.
Researchers at the University of Wisconsin at Madison looked at a random sample of 2,000 chat room posts about "World of Warcraft" to see what the players were discussing. The game is set in a fantasy world where players hunt, gather and battle to move their characters to higher levels. Players who work together succeed faster.
The research found the game encouraged scientific thinking, like using systems and models for understanding situations and using math and testing to investigate problems.
The vast majority of the discussion participants, 86 percent, shared knowledge to solve problems and more than half, 58 percent, used systematic and evaluative processes, researchers found.
The forums show that gamers are "creating an environment in which informal scientific reasoning practices are being learned," said Sean Duncan, a doctoral student who worked on the "World of Warcraft" report with lead author Constance Steinkuehler. The paper is set for publication in the Journal of Science Education and Technology.
The news wasn't all good.
Other studies confirmed earlier research that found students who played violent games tended to be more hostile, less forgiving and believed violence to be normal compared to those who played nonviolent games. And those who played more entertainment games did poorer in school and were are greater risk of obesity.
Copyright 2008 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
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source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Visual representation of the *emergency* colormap. Statistics of the *emergency* colormap.
The emergency colormap is a visual representation of the emergency warning lights on emergency vehicles in many countries. Unlike many other diverging colormaps, emergency is a cyclic colormap, covering the full lightness range and using the colors red and blue. Because emergency is a cyclic colormap that is CVD-friendly, it is the main colormap to use for plots with cyclic or periodic information.


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Local Density Diffusivity (LDD-) Model for Boron Out-Diffusion of In Situ Boron-Doped Si0.75Ge0.25 Epitaxial Films Post Advanced Rapid Thermal Anneals with Carbon Co-Implant
Boron in silicon has presented challenges for decades because of clustering and so-called transient enhanced diffusion [1-2]. An understanding of boron diffusion post rapid thermal annealing in general, and out of in situ doped epitaxially grown silicon-germanium films in particular, is essential to hetero junction engineering in microelectronic device technology today. In order to model boron diffusion, post-implantation, the local density diffusion (LDD) model has been applied in the past. Via mathematical convolution of the diffusion model slope and the initial boron concentration profile, these former results were transferred to this work. In this way, non-diffusing boron was predicted to exist in the center of the presented in situ boron-doped films. In addition, boron diffusion control by co-implanted carbon was demonstrated and the applied LDD model was completed and confirmed by adapting A. Einstein's proof for this purpose.
David J. Fisher
F. Wirbeleit "Local Density Diffusivity (LDD-) Model for Boron Out-Diffusion of In Situ Boron-Doped Si0.75Ge0.25 Epitaxial Films Post Advanced Rapid Thermal Anneals with Carbon Co-Implant", Defect and Diffusion Forum, Vol. 307, pp. 63-73, 2010

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Question: Can You Graft A Rose To A Tree?
Can you graft a rose to an apple tree?
Can roses grow under trees?
If you are trying to grow roses under a tree with large surface roots, it may be best to grow the roses in pots. Do not build up the soil around the tree and cover the roots in order to provide sufficient soil for a rose or any plant. … Sunlight is essential for roses to grow and to bloom.
Can Roses thrive in shade?
Roses are generally regarded as full-sun plants, and they usually aren't considered for shade gardens. … In general the roses that flower the most, like floribundas and shrub roses, will do better in the shade… Anything less than six hours of sun will sacrifice some blooms.
Can you graft onto a mature tree?
What trees are compatible for grafting?
Likely Grafted PlantsApple especially types for fruit.Ash.Beech.Birches, many weeping and some other varieties.Camellia.Cedar varieties, such as weeping blue atlas cedar.Cherries, the oriental ornamental flowering types (Prunus serrulata)Citrus.More items…•
Can you graft Apple to any tree?
Grafting onto existing trees Remember that you can graft onto any apple tree, including crab apples. So if you have a crab apple tree in your back yard, you can "top work" edible varieties onto it. You can graft onto any apple tree you buy at a nursery.
How long does a tree graft take to heal?
three to eight weeksDepending on the temperature, grafts heal in just three to eight weeks and begin to produce fruit within one to three years.
Do roses like coffee grounds?
Roses do like coffee grounds, but too much too close can give them a nasty nitrogen burn and can kill your roses. Never sprinkle coffee grounds right next to the plant.
Do roses like sun or shade?
Can I graft any tree?
Most fruit trees are compatible within their species, but many are also compatible within their genus. That means that Prunus species such as plums, nectarines and peaches can be grafted onto the same tree. … Another common "fruit salad tree" is created when many types of citrus are combined on a single rootstock.
What can I graft onto a cherry tree?
1 Answer. IIRC, anything from the "Prunus" family, which includes plums, apricots, peaches, nectarines, and almonds as well as cherries. My personal rootstock preference is for "Mazzard" but that may depend on your soil type.


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Wheat stubble could power a greener future
Biofuels made from the stubble left over from harvesting grains could replace around one fifth of the volume of petrol used in Australia, say researchers.
Dunlop says based on 2001 figures, the 10 main grain crops of Australia produce about 65 million tonnes of stubble.
He says much of this needs to be left in the ground to protect soil, retain soil carbon and reduce evaporation.
This would leave just under fifteen million tonnes of remaining stubble to be distributed in a way that is economically viable to collect.
"That would be equivalent to roughly 20% of the volume of the petrol that we use," says Dunlop.
The researchers analysed figures for wheat, barley, canola, lupins, oats, sorghum, triticale, field peas and chick peas in their study.
"[Stubble] is probably one of the more widely distributed feedstocks that is currently available," says Dunlop.
Dunlop says it's important to consider the energy used to grow, harvest and processed a proposed biofuel feedstock.
Using waste stubble could help minimise extra energy used because the energy has already been put in to growing the grain, says Dunlop, but energy will be required to process the stubble into biofuel.
"So the quoted 20% is not 20% more energy to burn, [there's] no free lunch," he says.
Dunlop says the amount of stubble available will vary between 4 and 40 million tonnes depending on how much is produced, how much needs to be retained for soil health, as well as a range of economic and technical factors.
No competition with food
Using waste stubble would avoid having to allocate precious food-producing land to produce biofuels, says Dunlop.
And using it would also avoid having to introduce exotic and potentially weedy species.
"It's a resource that is there so we don't need to undertake any land use change in order to produce it," he says.
Dunlop also says using stubble as a feedstock would not require massive additional infrastructure.
"The infrastructure required for harvesting, collecting and distributing it is all pretty similar to that used for grains," he says.
First generation feedstocks are based on starch, oil or sugar and these are more easily converted to biofuel, says Dunlop.
But Dunlop says stubble is known as a second generation feedstock because it is a woody material and is more complicated to process into biofuel.
He says the processing technology exists, but is currently expensive because it is not widely distributed.
The stubble can be broken down by a number of means including enzymes, heat and pressure, says Dunlop.
The researchers are also evaluating other possible biomass feedstocks such as forestry residues and mallee crops.


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(HIT) enabling health consumers to measure, store, and manage their health data (e.g., self-tracking devices), more people are logging and managing their own health data for the purpose of promoting general well-being. To develop and implement effective and efficient strategies for improving personal monitoring devices, a rigorous theoretical framework to explain the health consumer's attitude, intention, and behavior needs to be established. The aim of this study is to verify the HIT acceptance model (HITAM) in the context of the health consumer's attitude, behavioral intention, and behavior of utilizing self-trackers. Furthermore, the study aims to gain better understanding of self-tracking behavior in the context of logging daily activity level, sleep patterns, and dietary habits. Forty-four female college students were selected as voluntary study participants. They used self-trackers for activity, sleep, and diet monitoring for 90 or more consecutive days. The logged data were analyzed and fitted to the HITAM to verify whether the model was suitable for capturing the various behavioral and intention-related characteristics observed. The overall fitness indices for the HITAM using the field data yielded an acceptable fitness to the model, with all path coefficients being statistically significant. The model accounts for 66.8% of the variance in perceived usefulness, 43.9% of the variance in perceived ease of use, 83.1% of the variance in attitude, and 48.4% of the variance in behavioral intention. The compliance ranking of self-tracking behavior, in order of decreasing compliance, was activity, sleep, and diet. This ranking was consistent with that of ease of use of the personal monitoring device used in the study. The HITAM was verified for its ability to describe the health consumer's attitude, behavioral intention, and behavior. The analysis indicated that the ease of use of a particular
... the day, even if you have had enough sleep? You might have a sleep disorder. The most common kinds are Insomnia - a hard time falling or staying asleep Sleep apnea - breathing interruptions during sleep Restless legs syndrome -...
... For Consumers Consumer Information by Audience For Women Sleep Problems Share Tweet Linkedin Pin it More sharing... 101 KB) En Español Medicines to Help You Sleep Tips for Better Sleep Basic Facts about Sleep...
Makov, Shiri; Sharon, Omer; Ding, Nai; Ben-Shachar, Michal; Nir, Yuval; Zion Golumbic, Elana
The extent to which the sleeping brain processes sensory information remains unclear. This is particularly true for continuous and complex stimuli such as speech, in which information is organized into hierarchically embedded structures. Recently, novel metrics for assessing the neural representation of continuous speech have been developed using noninvasive brain recordings that have thus far only been tested during wakefulness. Here we investigated, for the first time, the sleeping brain's capacity to process continuous speech at different hierarchical levels using a newly developed Concurrent Hierarchical Tracking (CHT) approach that allows monitoring the neural representation and processing-depth of continuous speech online. Speech sequences were compiled with syllables, words, phrases, and sentences occurring at fixed time intervals such that different linguistic levels correspond to distinct frequencies. This enabled us to distinguish their neural signatures in brain activity. We compared the neural tracking of intelligible versus unintelligible (scrambled and foreign) speech across states of wakefulness and sleep using high-density EEG in humans. We found that neural tracking of stimulus acoustics was comparable across wakefulness and sleep and similar across all conditions regardless of speech intelligibility. In contrast, neural tracking of higher-order linguistic constructs (words, phrases, and sentences) was only observed for intelligible speech during wakefulness and could not be detected at all during nonrapid eye movement or rapid eye movement sleep. These results suggest that, whereas low-level auditory processing is relatively preserved during sleep, higher-level hierarchical linguistic parsing is severely disrupted, thereby revealing the capacity and limits of language processing during sleep. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Despite the persistence of some sensory processing during sleep, it is unclear whether high-level cognitive processes such as speech
Chaput, Jean-Philippe; Klingenberg, Lars; Sjödin, Anders
To discuss the benefits of having a good night's sleep for body weight stability. Experimental studies have shown that short-term partial sleep restriction decreases glucose tolerance, increases sympathetic tone, elevates cortisol concentrations, decreases the satiety hormone leptin, increases the appetite-stimulating hormone ghrelin, and increases hunger and appetite. Short sleep duration might increase the risk of becoming obese, because it does not allow the recovery of a hormonal profile facilitating appetite control. Lack of sleep could also lead to weight gain and obesity by increasing the time available for eating and by making the maintenance of a healthy lifestyle more difficult. Furthermore, the increased fatigue and tiredness associated with sleeping too little could lessen one's resolve to follow exercise regimens. Short sleep duration appears to be a novel and independent risk factor for obesity. With the growing prevalence of chronic sleep restriction, any causal association between reduced sleep and obesity would have substantial importance from a public health standpoint. Future research is needed to determine whether sleep extension in sleep-deprived obese individuals will influence appetite control and/or reduce the amount of body fat.
Madsen, P L; Holm, S; Vorstrup, S
Owing to the coupling between CBF and neuronal activity, regional CBF is a reflection of neural activity in different brain regions. In this study we measured regional CBF during polysomnographically well-defined rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep by the use of single photon emission computerized...... tomography and the new tracer 99mTc-dl-hexamethylpropyleneamine. Eleven healthy volunteers aged between 22 and 27 years were studied. CBF was measured on separate nights during REM sleep and during EEG-verified wakefulness. On awakening from REM sleep, all subjects reported visual dreams. During REM sleep...... dream experiences. On the other hand, the reduced involvement of the inferior frontal cortex observed during REM sleep might explain the poor temporal organization and bizarreness often experienced in dreams....
Grandel, Heiner; Brand, Michael
At birth or after hatching from the egg, vertebrate brains still contain neural stem cells which reside in specialized niches. In some cases, these stem cells are deployed for further postnatal development of parts of the brain until the final structure is reached. In other cases, postnatal neurogenesis continues as constitutive neurogenesis into adulthood leading to a net increase of the number of neurons with age. Yet, in other cases, stem cells fuel neuronal turnover. An example is protracted development of the cerebellar granular layer in mammals and birds, where neurogenesis continues for a few weeks postnatally until the granular layer has reached its definitive size and stem cells are used up. Cerebellar growth also provides an example of continued neurogenesis during adulthood in teleosts. Again, it is the granular layer that grows as neurogenesis continues and no definite adult cerebellar size is reached. Neuronal turnover is most clearly seen in the telencephalon of male canaries, where projection neurons are replaced in nucleus high vocal centre each year before the start of a new mating season--circuitry reconstruction to achieve changes of the song repertoire in these birds? In this review, we describe these and other examples of adult neurogenesis in different vertebrate taxa. We also compare the structure of the stem cell niches to find common themes in their organization despite different functions adult neurogenesis serves in different species. Finally, we report on regeneration of the zebrafish telencephalon after injury to highlight similarities and differences of constitutive neurogenesis and neuronal regeneration.
von Allmen, David Yoh; Wurmitzer, Karoline; Martin, Ernst; Klaver, Peter
Although the hippocampus had been traditionally thought to be exclusively involved in long-term memory, recent studies raised controversial explanations why hippocampal activity emerged during short-term memory tasks. For example, it has been argued that long-term memory processes might contribute to performance within a short-term memory paradigm when memory capacity has been exceeded. It is still unclear, though, whether neural activity in the hippocampus predicts visual short-term memory (VSTM) performance. To investigate this question, we measured BOLD activity in 21 healthy adults (age range 19-27 yr, nine males) while they performed a match-to-sample task requiring processing of object-location associations (delay period = 900 ms; set size conditions 1, 2, 4, and 6). Based on individual memory capacity (estimated by Cowan's K-formula), two performance groups were formed (high and low performers). Within whole brain analyses, we found a robust main effect of "set size" in the posterior parietal cortex (PPC). In line with a "set size × group" interaction in the hippocampus, a subsequent Finite Impulse Response (FIR) analysis revealed divergent hippocampal activation patterns between performance groups: Low performers (mean capacity = 3.63) elicited increased neural activity at set size two, followed by a drop in activity at set sizes four and six, whereas high performers (mean capacity = 5.19) showed an incremental activity increase with larger set size (maximal activation at set size six). Our data demonstrated that performance-related neural activity in the hippocampus emerged below capacity limit. In conclusion, we suggest that hippocampal activity reflected successful processing of object-location associations in VSTM. Neural activity in the PPC might have been involved in attentional updating. Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Aim: This thesis aimed to further determine how gastric content relates to subjective experiences regarding appetite, how this relation is affected by food properties and whether this is visible


text:
Nickel is recovered through extractive metallurgy. Most sulfide ores have traditionally been processed
using pyrometallurgical techniques to produce a matte for further refining. Recent advances in hydrometallurgy have resulted in recent nickel processing operations being developed using these processes. Most sulfide deposits have traditionally been processed by concentration through a froth flotation process followed by pyrometallurgical extraction.
Nickel is extracted from its ores by conventional roasting and reduction processes which yield a metal of greater than 75% purity. Final purification of nickel oxides is performed via the Mond process, which increases the nickel concentrate to greater than 99.99% purity. This process was patented by L. Mond and was used in South Wales in the 20th century. Nickel is reacted with carbon monoxide at around 50 °C to form volatile nickel carbonyl. Any impurities remain solid while the nickel carbonyl gas passes into a large chamber at high temperatures in which tens of thousands of nickel spheres, called pellets, are constantly stirred. The nickel carbonyl decomposes, depositing pure nickel onto the nickel spheres. Alternatively, the nickel carbonyl may be decomposed in a smaller chamber at 230 °C to create fine nickel powder. The resultant carbon monoxide is re-circulated through the process. The highly pure nickel produced by this process is known as carbonyl nickel. A second common form of refining involves the leaching of the metal matte followed by the electro-winning of the nickel from solution by plating it onto a cathode. In many stainless steel applications, 75% pure nickel can be used without further purification depending on the composition of the impurities.
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-world metaphors empower users by allowing them to transfer existing knowledge about how things should look and work. Metaphors are often used to make the unfamiliar familiar. Take the recycle bin on your desktop, which holds deleted files, as an example – it's not a real trash bin, but it's visually represented in a way that helps you understand the concept more easily.
Full and empty recycle bins on a computer
Good metaphors generate a strong connection to past experiences from the real world in users' minds. The recycle bin icon on Macs is similar to an actual bin, and it shows whether it has files in it.
When choosing a metaphor for UI, select the one that will enable users to grasp the finest details of the conceptual model. For example, when asking for credit card details for payment processing, you can reference a real-world physical card as an example.
A screenshot of a credit card on mobile
Image by Ramakrish
Engineer for errors
Errors are inadvertent in the user journey. Bad error handling paired with useless error messages can fill users with frustration and lead them to abandon your app. A well-crafted error message, on the other hand, can turn a moment of frustration into a moment of conversion. An effective error message is a combination of explicit error notification together with hints for solving the problem.
A screenshot of Mailchimps login screen
Good UI has precise, polite, and constructive error messages.
Even better than writing good error messages is having UI design that prevents a problem from occurring in the first place. Try to either eliminate error-prone conditions or check for them and present users with a confirmation dialog before they commit to the action. For example, Gmail prompts you when you forget to insert an attachment.
A screenshot of a Gmail error for forgetting to attach a file
The best designs have excellent error recovery while trying to prevent users from making those errors in the first place. Error prevention in Gmail shows a pop-up if users forget to insert an attachment after referencing one.
 Protect a user's work
Ensure that users never lose their work. Users should not lose their work as a result of an error on their side (i.e. accidentally refresh a web page with a form that has user input), a system error, problems with an internet connection, or any other reason other than those that are completely unavoidable, like an unexpected power loss.
3. Reduce cognitive load
Cognitive load is the amount of mental processing power required to use a product. It's better to avoid making users think/work too hard to use your product.
Chunking for sequences of information or actions
In 1956, psychologist George Miller introduced the world to the theory of chunking. In his works, Miller says the human working memory can handle seven-plus-or-minus two "chunks" of information while we're processing information.
This rule can be used when organizing and grouping items together. For example, if your UI forces users to enter telephone numbers without normal spacing it can result in a lot of incorrectly-captured phone numbers. People cannot typically scan clusters of ten or more digits to discover errors. That's exactly why phone numbers are broken up into smaller pieces.
Correct and incorrect formats of a phone number
It's easier to both scan and enter chunks of numbers instead of a whole number.
Reduce the number of actions required to complete a task
When designing a user interface, strive to reduce the total number of actions required from a user to achieve the goal. It's worth remembering the three-click rule, which suggests the user of a product should be able to find any information with no more than three mouse clicks.
Recognition over recall
One of the Jakob Nielsen's 10 usability heuristics advises promoting recognition over recall in UI design. Recognizing something is much easier than recalling it because recognition involves more cues in our brain (cues spread activation to related information in memory, and those cues help us remember information).
Designers can promote recognition in user interfaces by making information and functionality visible and easily accessible. Visual aids, such as tooltips and context-sensitive details, also help support users in recognizing information.
A screenshot of Google Hangouts toolbar
Image by Google Hangouts
Promote visual clarity
Good visual organization improves usability and legibility, allowing users to quickly find the information they are looking for and use the interface more efficiently.
When designing layouts:
 - Avoid presenting too much information at one time on the screen. Construct a grid system design to avoid visual clutter.
 - Remember the principle 'form follows function.' Make things look like they work.
 - Apply the general principles of content organization such as grouping similar items together, numbering items, and using headings and prompt text.
4. Make user interfaces consistent
Consistency is an essential property of good UI—consistent design is intuitive design. Consistency is one of the strongest contributors to usability and learnability. The main idea of consistency is the idea of transferable knowledge — let users transfer their knowledge and skills from one part of an app's UI to another, and from one app to another app.
Visual consistency (style)
Users should never question the integrity of a product. The same colors, fonts, and icons should be present throughout the product. Be sure to always reference your design system manager to ensure you don't change visual styles within your product for no apparent reason. For example, a Submit button on one page of your site should look the same on any other page.
A blue and green Submit button
Avoid using different styles for elements on different pages of the site. Users should not have to wonder whether a transformed button like this example means the same thing.
Functional consistency (behavior)
Consistency of behavior means the object should work in the same way throughout the interface. The behavior of interface controls, such as buttons and menu items, should not change within a product. Users don't want surprises or changes in familiar behavior — they become easily frustrated when things don't work. This can inhibit learning and stop users from feeling confident about consistency in the interface. Do not confuse your user — keep actions consistent by following "The principle of least surprise," to have the interface behave the way users expect it to.
Consistent with user expectations
People have certain expectations about the apps/websites they use. Designing your product in a way that contradicts a user's expectations is one of the worst things you can do to a user. It doesn't matter what logical argument you provide for how something should work or look. If users expect it to work/look a different way, you will face a hard time changing those expectations. If your approach offers no clear advantage, go with what your users expect.
 - Follow platform conventions. Your product should be consistent with standards dictated by platform guidelines. Guidelines ensure that your users can understand individual interface elements in your design.
 - Don't reinvent patterns. For most design problems, proper solutions already exist. These solutions are called patterns. Popular patterns become conventions and the majority of users are familiar with them. Not taking this solution into account and continuing to design your own solution can lead to challenges for users. In most cases, breaking design conventions results in a frustrating user experience — you'll face usability problems not necessarily because your solution will be wrong, but because users won't be familiar with it.
 - Don't try to reinvent terminology. Avoid using new terms when there are words available that users already know. Users spend most of their time in other apps and on other sites, so they have certain expectations about naming. Using different words might confuse them.
Two different shopping cart icon designs
Shopping cart is familiar terminology; shopping center is not and can confuse e-shoppers.
The goal for UI designers today is to produce user-friendly interfaces: interfaces that encourage exploration without fear of negative consequences. Without any doubt interfaces of the future will be more intuitive, enticing, predictable, and forgiving, but most principles of UI design listed in this article will surely be applicable to them, too.


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There are four fabrics weighing 480, 420, 350 and 260 grams, developed to protect workers against hazards like burns, chemical spills or liquid metal spills. They are especially designed to protect against flash and electric arc.
Our fabrics are made of pure cotton, which is treated from the polymer to give it flame-retardant properties which, depending on the fabric, is mixed with nylon and with antistatic yarn, or only with antistatic. As they are made with natural fibres, it makes the garments made comfortable to wear and soft to the touch, to make work easier. The antistatic carbon thread on the surface of the fabric makes it a safe fabric in places where there is risk of explosions. The antistatic fibres work by discharging static electricity that may accumulate on the body and the fabric, eliminating the risk of possible flames and explosions.
This composition makes the fabric durable and extremely resistant to tears and traction, making it ideal for workers in the automotive, metallurgy, gas and petrochemical industries. In addition to these properties, they will resist 50 to 100 industrial washes at 75ºC.
In addition, the cotton complies with OEKO-TEX 100 certification so as not to harm users. They also comply with the following certifications:
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You can find these products by clicking on the following link:


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Megasessions vs. Smaller Sessions – Which Is Better?
I've been reading a lot about megasessions on the internet. Some clinics are offering 5000 or more grafts in one sitting. I'd love to have my hair transplant finished in one shot, but I also read that this can be dangerous since many of the grafts will not survive. Do you think it's better to do a couple of smaller sessions or can these megasessions really be performed with today's technology?
Although there are no scientific studies to assess graft survival with "ultra" mega sessions consisting of 5000 or more grafts, a few clinics seem to have the capability to achieve these large sessions with apparently, good results. Without question, as the number of grafts per session increases, the need for strict, impeccable quality control within the clinic staff becomes essential and there are clear-cut reasons for this. The longer that the grafts are out of the body, the greater the potential for inadvertent dehydration of the grafts, which is known to be lethal to the follicles. Also, with longer out of body times, it is even more critical to maintain the solution in which the grafts are kept, at a cold temperature for proper preservation. There may be other, unknown factors which may come in to play, such as, increasing acidity over time or, other changes of the graft holding solution which may also affect survival. In this regard, there is a need to develop more sophisticated graft storage solutions for effective preservation of these follicles in longer procedures. With longer operative times there is also a greater potential for staff fatigue in the graft dissection and graftplacement phase of the procedure and therefore an increased risk of mechanical trauma to the follicles, which can also affect growth.
Aside from quality control and human factors, a study performed by Dr. Bobby Limmer in 1992 showed that, as the "out of body time" for the grafts increases (even if the grafts are kept hydrated in cold saline solution), the percent of grafts which survive decreases. His data showed that at two hours the survival was 95%, at four hours 90% and at six hours 88%.
Other things to consider when evaluating these large sessions include: 1) inquire as to the number of hairs that are going to be transplanted, not just the number of grafts. Hair grows naturally in the scalp in tiny groups which we call follicular units and contain 1, 2, 3 and rarely 4 hairs. The basis for follicular unit transplantation is to maintain these natural groupings and only separate them if one needs additional single hair grafts for a specific purpose, like hairline reconstruction. If a significant number of the follicular units are "split" so that each graft contains less hairs on average, you may be receiving a large number of grafts but, certainly, not a correspondingly large number of hairs. This "graft splitting" has been termed "subfollicular unit" grafting and clouds the issue as to what you are really getting. Not everyone is a candidate for "ultra" mega sessions since some individuals have tight donor areas which do not allow a wide – enough strip to be removed in one session to yield these large graft numbers. Another concern with the larger sessions pertains to the young patient, in whom the eventual baldness pattern is not established. It is recognized that someone who develops extensive male pattern baldness has approximately 5000 to 7000 follicular units that can be transplanted from the donor area in their lifetime. This, of course is a generalization and individual differences do exist. Nevertheless, using most of the available donor supply in one procedure leaves little reserves for future use, as the balding pattern continues over time.
Aside from these considerations there are a few reputable practitioners who report very good results with these very large sessions and it is crucial to carefully select a physician who takes your individual case into consideration before making a recommendation as to how many grafts are appropriate. Aside from asking questions pertaining to the issues which I have outlined above, it is extremely important to ask how many of these large sessions the surgeon has performed, try to meet other patients who have had a large procedures performed by the physician in question, and critically examine their "before" photographs to assess results.
Obviously the whole issue of surgeon selection becomes overwhelmingly critical when considering the sessions, since a significant portion of your lifetime donor supply is " on the line".
Find A Surgeon
The International Alliance of Hair Restoration Surgeons is a consumer organization that selectively screens skilled and ethical hair transplant surgeons. The IAHRS does not offer an open membership policy to doctors practicing hair transplatation, and is the only group that recognizes that all surgeons are not equal in their skill and technique. Its elite membership seeks to represent the best in the discipline, the true leaders in the field of surgical hair restoration.


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Lesser Long-nosed Bats:
Nectar-powered Bat Math!
Counting the Calories in Cactus
Contributed by Ginny Dalton, Bat Biologist
Merlin D. Tuttle,BCI
ever wonder: How much energy does it take to operate a bat? How many
flowers must a bat visit to stay alive?
Get ready to count the calories in a cactus flower! After reading this page,
you'll know everything necessary to answer these questions:
- How many
saguaro flowers does a bat have to visit to sustain it for one day?
- For how
many minutes does a bat have to forage to get the nectar it needs
- How many
saguaro plants do you think would be needed to feed a maternity colony
of 10,000 Leptos?
is the minimum number of hectares of land required to feed a bat
colony containing 10,000
Much Energy to Operate a Bat?
Let's look at how much energy is required by an adult Lepto. Here's an animal
with a big energy demand for its size! (Now, nobody has ever measured this
exactly for Leptos, but we can use information about other bats and extend
the results logically.) It takes roughly 20.2 kcal to maintain one of these
bats for a day. A Lepto uses about 100 times less energy in a day than a human
does, as you can see on the chart below. But it weighs 2,000 times less. Obviously
it takes more energy to operate an ounce of bat that an ounce of human! Why?
Well, for one thing, bats fly--and the energetic cost of flight is high.
*NOTE ABOUT CALORIES: There is confusion in the layman's literature
regarding calories. The calorie in everyday use is actually a kilocalorie (kcal,
also designated Calorie, with a capital "C"), 1000
times larger than a calorie with a lower case "c"). In
fact, the makers of labels on food boxes and cans in the grocery
store are careless in their representation of this energy unit. The
labels correctly use the upper case when stating total Calories of
the food within, but then many of them say "based on a 2,000
calorie diet." Note the lower case "c." If literally
interpreted, it is based on a 2 Cal (or kcal) diet, which doesn't
make any sense. You and I can't live on 2 Calories a day!! They actually
meant to write "Calorie;" instead they wrote "calorie."
Calories in Cactus Flowers
How much energy is available in the nectar of the flowers Leptos visit?
(Lepto is short for Leptonycteris curasoae, or lesser long-nosed bats.)
It has been calculated that the nectar in saguaro flowers is about 24% sugar.
This nectar if very sweet: For comparison, Classic Coke is 10% sugar! Each
flower holds about 1.0 ml (milliliter) nectar. A single bat only takes about
0.1 ml with each visit to a flower. A bat's stomach can hold about 4 ml of
fluid when full. Of those stomachs measured, 3 ml are sugar water and the remaining
1 ml was pollen.
There are about 4 calories (= 0.004 kcal) in a mg (milligram) of sugar. There
is 1.0 mg sugar in each microliter (.001 ml) of nectar. So how many calories
in 1.0 ml, the amount a flower holds? If a bat drains an entire flower, how
many visits would the bat have to make to the flower? And how many total calories
would it get from that single flower? (Don't forget to multiply your answer
in cal/ml by 0.24 since the nectar contains only 24% sugar.) I got 960 cal
(0.960 kcal) in a single flower that contains 1.0 ml nectar. So, since a bat
takes about 0.1 ml for each visit, a bat would have to visit about 10 flowers
to get those 960 cal.
Q. How many flowers total
does a bat have to visit to sustain it for one day (20,200 cal = 20.2
8 flowers per saguaro per night, how many saguaro plants would have
to be visited? _______
it takes about 30 seconds per visit to a flower (that includes transit
time to the flower) for one sip (0.1 ml) of nectar. That makes us wonder:
Q. For how
many minutes does a bat have to be flying to get the nectar
it needs each day (24 hours)? _____________
More Bat Math: Mama and Baby Bats
Each female gives birth to a single young each year.
Just think how much energy will be needed by the pregnant bats
after they give birth and start nursing! Not enough information
is available for calculating the exact requirements for pregnant
females, but a near-term fetus of a 22- gram female bat can weigh
as much as 8 grams. A pregnant bat carrying that heavy a load can
require about 40% more power for flight. Of all the calculations
conducted on females during the various reproductive stages, lactation
(when the young are nursing) is the most energetically demanding
on the female.
that, for the two months a female is pregnant, she requires an average
of 27 flowers per night, since pregnant females require more energy.
During pregnancy, how many flowers will one female require? ______
How many flowers will be required by 10,000 females? _______From studies
conducted around Tucson, Arizona, the average saguaro produces 295
flowers per plant per growing season. (A single plant blooms from 27
to 61 days and each plant can produce from 82 to 980 blossoms!)
Q. How many saguaro
plants do you think would be needed to feed a maternity colony
of 10,000 Leptos? _________
are 6 saguaro plants per hectare on average. Using the figure of 295
flowers per plant per nearly 2-month season, what is the minimum number
of hectares of land required to feed a bat colony containing 10,000
pregnant bats? _______________


text:
Wisconsin Legislative Reference Bureau
October 2004, Vol. IV, No. 4
[T]he river Mississippi and the navigable waters leading into the Mississippi and St. Lawrence, and the carrying places between the same, shall be common highways and forever free, as well to the inhabitants of the state as to the citizens of the United States, without any tax, impost or duty therefor.
The public trust doctrine is a body of common and statutory law that provides that the state holds title to navigable waters in trust for public purposes. The public trust doctrine has its roots in the English common law. Under English common law, the British Crown held title to the bed beneath tidal waters. This concept was incorporated into the Northwest Ordinance of 1787. The Northwest Ordinance states that "navigable waters leading into the Mississippi and St. Lawrence, and the carrying places between the same, shall be common highways and forever free…." When Wisconsin, which was a part of the Northwest Territories, became a state in 1848, this provision was included in article IX, section 1, of the Wisconsin Constitution.
The legislature, as the state's representative, must not only take action to prevent endangerment of the trust but it must also take affirmative steps to protect the trust. Many of the common law protections embodied by the public trust doctrine are now codified under chapter 30 of the Wisconsin Statutes.
The test used by courts to determine which waters are navigable and, thus, protected by the public trust doctrine has evolved over time. One of the earliest tests of navigability was the "saw log" test. Under that test, if a stream was capable of floating a "saw log" to market, the body of water was navigable. This test reflected Wisconsin's interest in protecting commercial navigation.
With the passage of time, other uses of this state's waters came to define navigability. As the public's interest in the recreational uses of the state's waters grew, the courts recognized those uses as integral to the determination of navigability. A waterway is now considered navigable if it is capable of floating any boat for recreational purposes. Furthermore, the waterway need not be continually navigable. It need be navigable only on a regularly recurring basis, such as during spring runoff periods. The trust also applies to artificial navigable waters that are "directly and inseparably connected with natural, navigable waters." Klingeisen v. DNR, 163 Wis. 2d 921, 929 (Ct. App. 1991).
The state has traditionally been the owner of lake beds up to the ordinary high-water mark. The ordinary high-water mark is the point on the bank or shore where the water, by its presence, wave action or flow, leaves a distinct mark on the bank or shore. Accordingly, the trust doctrine encompasses not only navigable waters, but also the beds underlying those waters with the exception of streambeds. As discussed below, riparian owners hold title to stream beds to the center of the stream.
As the test for navigability has evolved over time, so has the concept of what constitutes a public purpose. Initially, public rights were limited to navigation and fishing. In Diana Shooting Club v. Husting, 156 Wis. 261, 271 (1914), the Wisconsin Supreme Court expanded the concept of public rights in navigable waters by holding that navigable waters "should be free to all for commerce, for travel, for recreation, and also for hunting and fishing, which are now mainly certain forms of recreation." Public rights now include not only recreation, but also natural beauty, the prevention of pollution, the protection of water quality, and the protection of shorelands and wetlands.
While the state holds navigable waters in trust for all its citizens, the legislature may authorize limited encroachments upon the beds of such waters where the public interest will be served. State v. Public Service Comm., 275 Wis. 112, 117 (1957). By statute, the legislature has created a system of permitting procedures that ensure that projects affecting navigable waters do not violate the public trust doctrine as it has developed under common law. The legislature has delegated the authority for administering this trust to the Department of Natural Resources.
Many of the cases involving the public trust doctrine address the tension between public rights in navigable waters and the rights of riparian owners. Riparian owners are persons who own land that abuts a waterway. Under Wisconsin law, the state owns the beds of all navigable waters with the exception of navigable streams. Riparian owners own the beds underlying navigable streams up to the center of the stream. Riparian rights include the use of the shoreline, the reasonable use of the water, and the right to build piers for navigation. When conflicts arise between riparian rights and the public rights of nonriparians, riparian rights are secondary to the public interest. See John Quick, Comment, The Public Trust Doctrine in Wisconsin, 1 Wisconsin Environmental. Law Journal 105, 116 (1994). In order to ensure that both public rights and riparian rights are protected, the legislature has delegated to the Department of Natural Resources the authority to issue permits for the placement of various structures in navigable waters.
Notwithstanding the fact that the public trust doctrine protects the public's rights in navigable waters, it does not require public access to those waters. The Wisconsin Supreme Court, in the case of Doemel v. Jantz, 180 Wis. 225, 234 (1923), held that a riparian owner has the "exclusive privileges of the shore for purposes of access to his land and water." In order to ensure that the public has access to navigable waters, the state and many municipalities have acquired land that creates public access areas to these navigable waters.
The legislature has a limited ability to convey lake bed lands because those lands are part of the state's trust property. The legislature may make grants of lake beds but only if the lake bed land is used for public purposes. Further, the grant does not operate to transfer the legal title from the state. See Melissa Scanlan, Comment, The Evolution of the Public Trust Doctrine and the Degradation of Trust Resources: Courts, Trustees and Political Power in Wisconsin, 27 Ecology Law Quarterly 135, 149 (2004).
The legislature may delegate the administration of the public trust in navigable waters to local governments, but only under certain circumstances. The legislature may not delegate administration of the trust for purely local concerns if such delegation does not promote the statewide public interest in trust resources. The legislature may delegate power over navigable waters only if it retains oversight over the delegee, the delegation advances the paramount interests of the public, and the delegation establishes clear limits and definite standards.
By statute, the legislature has extended its public trust responsibilities to include the protection of shorelands and wetland areas adjacent to navigable waters. In the case of Just v. Marinette County, 56 Wis. 2d 7 (1972), in which the Wisconsin Supreme Court held that Marinette County's shoreland zoning ordinance was constitutional, the court recognized that "lands adjacent or near navigable waters exist in a special relationship to the state."
For all of the reasons discussed above, a legislative proposal affecting navigable waters must comport with the public trust doctrine. The first consideration that a legislator should make is whether a proposal will affect waters that are navigable. Generally, if a proposal would affect nonnavigable waters, the public trust doctrine is not likely to apply.
If a proposal does affect navigable waters, the legislator should consider the following issues:
Grants of trust property
The legislature may make grants of public trust property only if the property is used for public purposes. For example, the legislature may make a grant to a city to develop a lakeside park. Such a grant does not, however, transfer the legal title of the property from the state. Any grant of property for purely private purposes is void. The Wisconsin Supreme Court has developed a five-factor analysis to determine if a lake bed grant is consistent with the public trust doctrine. Under this analysis, the court considers all of the following: 1) whether public bodies will control the use of the area; 2) whether the area will be devoted to public purposes and open to the public; 3) whether the diminution of lake area will be very small when compared with the whole waterway; 4) whether any one of the public uses of the lake as a lake will be destroyed or greatly impaired; and 5) whether the impairment of the public's right to use the lake for recreation is negligible when compared with the greater convenience afforded to the public from the grant of the lake bed property. A proposal to make a lake bed grant is more likely to be upheld by a court if it satisfies all of these requirements.
If a legislator proposes to delegate authority over navigable waters to a local unit of government, the proposal must include clear limits and definite standards for the delegee to follow. For example, a proposal giving local governments authority to regulate boating practices should specify at a minimum that the regulations must be designed to promote public safety. Such a delegation of authority is more likely to be upheld if the delegation contains additional limits and standards.
Scope of proposal
The legislature has allowed certain deposits or structures to be placed in navigable waters provided that they do not materially obstruct navigation and are not detrimental to the public interest. The Wisconsin Supreme Court has held that it will look at the cumulative effect of those deposits or structures to determine if they materially obstruct navigation or are detrimental to the public interest. That is, even if the placement of a relatively small amount of fill by a riparian owner into a


text:
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]چکیده [English]
This paper provides a modelfor assessing the innovation and governmental corporation maturity in the industrial clusters. Implementing the methods of cluster development needsto assessthis process of maturity.For this reason, policymakers and planners need researches in this area to access to this higher process.This study was carried out by using thequalitative methods,a case study strategy, and performing semi-structured interviews with 16 experts of textile industry and clusters. Findings,takethe innovation and governmental corporation maturity of textile clusters in the Yazd Province into the account in a qualitative way and show that theseclusters is in the second stage of maturity (managed).


text:
phenol content of the samples was estimated by the Folin Ciocalteau assay. As shown in Table 1, the mean of the Folin values of red, rose, and white wines was 4.5, 0.9, and 0,6 mM Trolox equivalents, respectively. These results imply that the concentration of polyphenols in red wines was 5, and 7.5 times higher than that of rose and white wines, respectively. These data are in agreement with previous reports that have shown a higher phenol content in red wines than in rose and white wines.25-27
Total phenolic content, ORAC-pyrogallol red (ORAC-PGR), ORAC-fluorescein (ORAC-FL) values and ORAC-PGR/ORAC-Fl ratio of chilean wines.
a Values are expressed as mM Trolox equivalents.
b Evaluated as described in experimental section. Values (n=3) represent the concentration (mM) of a Trolox solution that produces the same effect that the tested wine.
ORAC-FL values of the tested wines were estimated from the area under the curve of kinetic profiles associated to the inhibition by wines of the consumption of FL induced by peroxyl radicals. Typical results are shown in Figure 1. As was expected, the kinetic profiles were characterized by the presence of neat induction times. As it is shown in Table 1, the mean of ORAC-FL values changed from 46 to 5.0 for red and white wines, respectively. These values appear to be close to 10 times higher than Folin values, a difference that could be explained by different stoichiometry of the reaction of polyphenols with Folin reagent and their reaction with AAPH derived peroxyl radicals. Interestingly, as obtained for the total phenol content, red wines showed ORAC-FL values 5.1 and 9.2 times higher than rose and white wines, respectively.
All tested wines inhibited the consumption of PGR mediated by peroxyl radicals. As shown in Figure 2 (where is presented a typical kinetic profile), the protective effect on PGR consumption given by wines was evidenced by kinetic profiles characterized by the absence of induction times. Table 1 shows the ORAC-PGR values of the wines. These data show that all ORAC-PGR values are lower than ORAC-FL. This result could be explained if it is considered that only a fraction of the phenols contained in wines was able to protect PGR. ORAC-PGR values of red wines were 5.2 and 7.9 higher than those of rose and white wines, respectively. These relations are very similar to those obtained from ORAC-FL data.
3.2 Use of the ORAC-PGR/ORAC-FL ratio to assess antioxidant quality of Chilean wines.
The data presented in Figures 1 and 2, and Table 1 show that, as expected, the use of different target molecules generated different kinetic profiles associated to the inhibition of their consumption by wines. From the area under the curve of the kinetic profiles, different ORAC values were obtained when FL and PGR were used as probes. Systematically ORAC-PGR values were close
to one half ORAC-FL values, leading to similar ORAC-PGR/ORAC-FL ratios. In fact, ORAC-PGR/ORAC-FL ratios (mean) for red, rose, and white wines of 0.5, 0.5, and 0.6, were estimated, respectively. These results would imply that all tested wines contain antioxidants of similar quality, and are in agreement to the antioxidant capacity of wines estimated by TRAP (Total Radical Antioxidant Potential) and TAR (Total Antioxidant Reactivity) methodologies.28,7 TRAP assay computes stoichiometric factors, while the TAR index is related to the reactivity of the antioxidants towards peroxyl radicals.28,7 In fact, the TAR/ TRAP ratio (proposed as a measured of the antioxidant quality) of red and white wines were 0.5 and 0.6, respectively.7 The similarity in TAR/TRAP and ORAC-PGR/ORAC-FL values support the proposal that both ratios evaluate the mean reactivity of the antioxidants present in the samples.
In comparison with others rich polyphenolic samples, the ORAC-PGR/ ORAC-FL ratio of wines was 3.8 and 18.3 times higher than the mean value of tea and herbal infusions, respectively (Table 2).20 In addition, ORAC-PGR/ ORAC-FL ratio of wines was similar to that of raspberry extracts, but was 2.0 times higher than that of blueberry fruits extract (Table 2).19 This could indicate that, in average, the reactivity of the phenols present in wines are more efficient than the present in others beverages that are also rich in antioxidants.
The data presented in this work, and their comparison with previous reports, clearly show that the ORAC-PGR/ORAC-FL ratio could be considered as a useful tool to estimate the antioxidant quality of a particular sample. The fact that similar ORAC-PGR/ORAC-FL ratios were obtained for all tested wines implies a similar antioxidant quality of these samples. As consequence, the differences in the antioxidant capacity of red, rose and white wines (estimated by ORAC-PGR or ORAC-FL) can be explained by their different antioxidant concentrations. For this reason, for a better knowledge of the antioxidant parameters of a sample it is important to consider both, the phenol content of the sample (measured by ORAC-FLor Folin indexes) and the average reactivity (measured by the ORAC-PGR/ORAC-FL ratio). Both indexes are relevant in the evaluation of the antioxidant capacity of wines.
This work was supported by FONDECYT (N°_PHONE_).
1.I. Tedesco, M. Russo, P. Russo, G. Iacomino, G.L. Russo, A. Carraturo, C. Faruolo, L. Moio, R. Palumbo, J. Nutr. Biochem. 11,114, (2000). [ Links ]
2.A. M. Cuevas, V. Guasch, O. Castillo, V. Irribarra, C. Mizon, A. San Martin, P. Strobel, D. Perez, A.M. Germain, F. Leighton, Lipids, 35,143, (2000). [ Links ]
3.J. Burns, P.T. Gardner, J. O'Neil, S. Crawford, I. Morecroft, D.B. McPhail, C. Lister, D. Matthews, M.R. MacLean, M.E. Lean, G.G. Duthie, A. Crozier, J. Agric. Food Chem, 48,220, (2000). [ Links ]
4.K. Hotzer, C. Henriquez, E. Pino, S. Miranda-Rottmann, A. Aspillaga, F. Leighton, E. Lissi, Free Radic Res 39,175, (2005). [ Links ]
5.E. Niki, Free Radic. Biol. Med, 49,503, (2010). [ Links ]
6.M.S. Fernandez-Pachón, D. Villano, A.M. Troncoso, M.C. García-Parrilla, Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr, 48,649, (2008). [ Links ]
7.D. Perez, F. Leighton, A. Aspée, C. Aliaga, E. Lissi, Biol. Res, 33,71, (2000) [ Links ]
8.V. Roginsky, E. Lissi, Food Chem, 92,235, (2005). [ Links ]
9.R.L. Prior, G. Cao, Free Radic. Biol. Med, 27,1173, (1999). [ Links ]
10.L.M. Magalhaes, M.A. Segundo, S. Reis, J.L.F.C. Lima. Anal. Chim. Acta, 613,1, (2008). [ Links ]
11.G. Cao, H.M. Alessio, R.G. Cutler, Free Radic. Biol. Med, 14,303, (1993). [ Links ]
12.B. Ou, M. Hampsch-Woodill, R.L. Prior, J. Agric. Food Chem, 49,4619, (2001). [ Links ]
13.A. Dávalos, C. Gómez-Cordovés, B. Bartolomé, J. Agric. Food Chem, 52,48, (2004). [ Links ]
14.E. Niki, Methods Enzymol, 186,100, (1990). [ Links ]
15.C. López-Alarcón, E. Lissi, Free Radic. Res, 40,979, (2006). [ Links ]
16.R.H. Bisby, R. Brooke, S. Navartman, Food Chem, 108,1002, (2008). [ Links ]
17.E. Alarcón, A.M. Campos, A.M. Edwards, E. Lissi, C. López-Alarcón, Food Chem, 107,1114, (2008). [ Links ]
18.C. López-Alarcón, E. Lissi, Free Radic.


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Mark Wilson June 10th, 2012
These rounded stones are labeled in our collections as gastroliths (literally "stomach stones") from Starr Springs near Hanksville, Wayne County, Utah. I'm featuring them this week in honor of our Utah Project team working right now in the baking Black Rock Desert near Fillmore, Utah.
From their reported location, these stones are likely out of the Summerville Formation (Middle-Upper Jurassic) and, in another plausible supposition, probably from some sort of dinosaur. Sometimes we just have to trust the labels on our specimens, at least for educational purposes!
My friend Tony Martin recently wrote an excellent blog post on gastroliths, so I won't repeat his insights here. The general wisdom is that these stones were consumed by herbivorous dinosaurs to aid in their digestion. They would have lodged them in the equivalent of a gizzard and used them to grind their food, much like modern birds. (And yes, dinosaurs were birds themselves.) Gastroliths usually have a resistant lithology to be useful as grinders. The gastroliths above are chert, one of the hardest rock types.
Identifying gastroliths correctly is a bit of a challenge if you don't find them inside a dinosaur skeleton. The most common indicators are that they are very smooth, are in a location where they were unlikely to have been transported inorganically, and are of a lithology unlike the surrounding rock ("exotics" as geologists like to call them). Still, even with all these criteria met, we must be a tad suspicious if we didn't find them associated with dinosaur bones. I would never, for example, buy a gastrolith in a rock shop. Without context, it could be just a stream-worn stone. I'm trusting the label on ours that we have the real deal!
Stokes, W.L. 1987. Dinosaur gastroliths revisited. Journal of Paleontology 61: _PHONE_.
Wings, O. 2007. A review of gastrolith function with implications for fossil vertebrates and a revised classification. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 52: 1-16.


On a VIC-20 or C-64, you could open a sequential file on a 1541, write exactly N bytes (say, 47 bytes) to it, then close it. Then you could open the same file for reading and start reading byte by byte (with GET#, for instance). After reading the 47th byte, you would get a special status (reserved variable ST = 64 in BASIC) to tell you the end of file had been reached.
But by my recollection (and this site), the 1541 directory entry only contained a number of blocks, and the only metadata in each block was a track/sector pointer to the next block of the file. I don't see a precise byte count anywhere. And, as far as I know, all byte values (00 through FF) were allowed as content in the file, so no code could be used as an end-of-file marker either. So how did DOS "know" that it had reached the end of file at byte 47? Was there a hardware-level marker in the last sector, or an extra byte in the inter-sector space that wasn't "visible" by applications?
Excerpted from Inside Commodore DOS, page 53
4.6 Sequential File Storage
The format of a sequential file is very straightforward. All the sectors, except the last one, look like this:
 Byte Purpose
 0 Track of the next block in this file
 1 Sector of the next block in this file
 2-255 254 bytes of data
The last block in a sequential file is special for two reasons:
 1. It is the last sector.
 2. It is usually only partially full.
To signal the DOS that this is the last block, the first byte is set to $00. The first byte is normally the track link. Since there is no track 0, the DOS knows that this is the last sector in the file. The second byte indicates the position of the last byte in the file. Any bytes beyond this position are garbage.


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S7 Technical Assistance
Eastern prairie fringed orchid (Platanthera leucophaea)
Determining whether eastern prairie fringed orchid (Platanthera leucophaea) may be present in a proposed project area in the following northeastern Illinois counties: Cook, DuPage, Kane, Lake, McHenry and Will.
|Photo by Mike Redmer
As part of Step 1 of the S7 process, you checked the Illinois species list and found that eastern prairie fringed orchid is present in the county where your proposed project is located. The next step is to determine whether eastern prairie fringed orchid "may be present" in the action area of your proposed project. Below is guidance to help you make that determination.
Habitat: The eastern prairie fringed orchid (orchid) occurs in a wide variety of habitats, from wet to mesic prairie or wetland communities, including, but not limited to sedge meadow, fen, marsh, or marsh edge. It can occupy a very wide moisture gradient of prairie and wetland vegetation. It requires full sun for optimal growth and flowering, which ideally would restrict it to grass and sedge dominated plant communities. However, in some plant communities where there are encroaching species such as cattail and/or dogwood, the orchid may be interspersed or within the edge zones of these communities and thus can sometimes occur in partially shaded areas. The substrate of the sites where this orchid occurs include glacial soils, lake plain deposits, muck, or peat which could range from more or less neutral to mildly calcareous (Bowles et al. 2005, USFWS 1999). In some cases, the species may also occur along ditches or roadways where this type of habitat is present.
Processes that maintain habitats in early or mid-successional phases may be important in providing the sunny, open conditions required by the orchid (USFWS 1999). Sedge meadow and marsh habitats that support this orchid are usually earlyor midsuccessional because of past grazing, drainage, or soil disturbance. Patch disturbances that expose the soil to this orchid's seeds, and reduce competition from established plants, may be needed for seedling establishment.
Hawkmoths are the pollinators of this orchid species. In Illinois the hawkmoth, Sphinx eremitus is a confirmed pollinator although there may be others. Eumorpha pandorus and Eumorpha achemon have been confirmed as pollinators in other states. Host plants for the caterpillars of Sphinx eremitus include various species of beebalm (Monarda spp.), mints (Mentha spp.), bugleweed (Lycopus spp.) and sage (Salvia spp.).
Follow the steps below to determine whether the eastern prairie fringed orchid may be present in the action area of your proposed project. This guidance is specific to Cook, Lake, McHenry, DuPage, Kane, and Will counties in northeastern Illinois.
1) Define the action area – all areas to be affected directly or indirectly by the Federal action and not just in the immediate area involved in the action. (For example: downstream areas, adjacent off-site wetlands, etc.)
2) Does the action area support any wet to mesic prairie or wetland
communities including, but not limited to sedge meadow, fen, or marsh edges?
If the answer is yes, go to number 3 (below). If the answer is no, conclude that "the eastern prairie fringed orchid is not present," document your finding for your records or provide this information to the federal action agency. No further consultation is required.
3) Conduct a floristic quality assessment for the proposed project site during the growing season or use a previous assessment that is not more than three years old and was conducted during the growing season.
4) If any wetland in the action area is determined to be high quality, (a Floristic Quality Index of 20 or greater and/or a Native Mean C of 3.5 or greater) proceed to number 5 (below) or contact the Chicago Field Office for further consultation.
Wetlands that are not high quality will not support eastern prairie fringed orchid. For those wetlands, conclude that "the eastern prairie fringed orchid is not present," document your finding for your records or provide this information to the federal action agency. No further consultation is required for those wetlands.
5) Compare the plant species list generated for each high quality wetland with our Associate Plant Species List for the Eastern Prairie Fringed Orchid. If four or more associates are listed, then proceed to number 6. If not, high quality wetlands that support three or less eastern prairie fringed orchid associate plant species are unlikely to support eastern prairie fringed orchids. Conclude that "the eastern prairie fringed orchid is not present" and document your finding for your records or provide this information to the federal action agency. No further consultation is necessary for those wetlands.
6) The eastern prairie fringed orchid may be present in your action area. You may either assume that the eastern prairie fringed orchid is present and proceed to Step 2 of the Section 7 Consultation Process or conduct a field search during the bloom date of the orchid; June 28 through July 11. Because northeastern Illinois orchid populations bloom sporadically rather than all plants blooming at the same time, searches should be conducted on a minimum of three non-consecutive days within this time period. Please notify the Chicago Field Office before conducting your survey.
7) If you assume that the eastern prairie fringed orchid may be present in the action area or a field search proves that the orchid is present, the next step in the S7 Consultation Process is to determine whether the proposed action may affect any eastern prairie fringed orchids. Go to Step 2 of the S7 Consultation Process to begin that determination.
Please contact the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Chicago Illinois Field Office if you for more information or if you have any questions.
Chicago Illinois Field Office
1250 South Grove, Suite 103
Barrington, Illinois 60010
Phone: 847/_PHONE_, ext. 20
1Swink, F. and G. Wilhelm. 1994. Plants of the Chicago Region, 4th ed. Indiana Academy of Science, Indianapolis. 921pp.
Step 1 of the Section 7 Process
Section 7 Technical Assistance


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#110636. Asked by enigma2009. (Nov 10 09 9:53 AM)
The simplest means of indicating verification or correctness is a single stroke, hence a tick or check mark.
Striking through is a simple pictoral means of negation such as the struck through cigarette in a No Smoking sign.
So X is basically a struck through check mark or tick indicating incorrectness.
Note that this convention is far from universal. In Japan, a tick means wrong and a circle means correct. For verification purposes in check boxes, crosses and ticks can often be used interchangeably. _URL_
Nov 10 09, 5:32 PM
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text:
This crossword clue is for the definition: Kvbrick opvs?.
it's A 13 letters crossword puzzle definition.
Next time, when searching for online help with your puzzle, try using the search term "Kvbrick opvs? crossword" or "Kvbrick opvs? crossword clue". The possible answerss for Kvbrick opvs? are listed below.
Did you find what you needed?
We hope you did!.
Possible Answers: MMI.
Last seen on: LA Times Crossword 13 Apr 2018, Friday
Random information on the term "MMI":
The user interface (UI), in the industrial design field of human–computer interaction, is the space where interactions between humans and machines occur. The goal of this interaction is to allow effective operation and control of the machine from the human end, whilst the machine simultaneously feeds back information that aids the operators' decision-making process. Examples of this broad concept of user interfaces include the interactive aspects of computer operating systems, hand tools, heavy machinery operator controls, and process controls. The design considerations applicable when creating user interfaces are related to or involve such disciplines as ergonomics and psychology.
Generally, the goal of user interface design is to produce a user interface which makes it easy (self-explanatory), efficient, and enjoyable (user-friendly) to operate a machine in the way which produces the desired result. This generally means that the operator needs to provide minimal input to achieve the desired output, and also that the machine minimizes undesired outputs to the human.


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The purpose of this study is to suggest diverse models of Korean economy that is based on the theory of general equilibrium and come up with further recommendations by evaluating policy results based on the theory.
An analysis of the economic effectiveness of tariff rate adjustments initiated in January 1989, demonstrates that it did not have significant impact. It showed 0.26% increase in nominal GDP, 0.49% decrease in price, and 0.24% increase in employment. Also, it resulted in a decrease in trade balance that amounted to 480 million dollars by increasing export up to 540 million dollars and import up to a billion dollars. In terms of industry, rather than import which focused on nonferrous metal products and chemicals, export industries' productivity had increased. Moreover, between 1989 and 1993, long-term reduction on tariff rate contributed to the economy similar to tariff adjustment in 1989.
In research related to the revaluation of the Korean won, analysis shows that appreciation rate was 10%, which allowed real GDP to decrease by 0.6%, export by 8% and increase import up to 3%. Followed by reevaluation, decrease in productivity shows differences amongst industries; if the elasticity of supply curve on export is bigger, it means that the portion of export is larger in total productivity, and eventually will be more effective. Also, if the wage is adjusted to be flexible and labor turnover between industries are allowed, reevaluation will only affect labor structure of industries, not the employment as a whole. But if there is no elasticity in nominal wages and labor turnover is not easy, reevaluation will have direct impact in employment.
Currency changes between Japanese Yen and US Dollars and its impact on Korea's economy can be experimented when the substitution effect occurs between Korean and Japanese exports. If there is no substitution effect, while Yen increases by one percent, Korea's nominal GDP increases by 0.1% and brings 0.012% of actual economic growth. Also, while employment rate increases by 0.027%, total export increases to 7 million dollars, trade balance improves by 150 million dollars due to decrease in total import. If there is a substitution effect and it becomes bigger, real GDP will increase. For instance, if the substitution effect is 0.5, real GDP will increase by 0.026% and if the effect is set as 1.0, GDP will increase to 0.036%. So, if the substitution effect is 1.0, appreciation of Yen by 1% has similar economic expansion effect as appreciation of Won by 1%.
The impact of price increases has different effects depending on the industry. Transportation, communication, nonmetallic mineral products, and chemical products showed effects from increasing price; transportation, chemical products, and rubber goods showed effects from decreased productivity; and petroleum product, construction, transportation and chemical industry showed effects from decreased employment. By looking into total variable perspective, an increase in petroleum decreases real GNP and increases consumer prices, and further aggravates the trade balance. It is recommended that a total solution, which reacts to the stagflation phenomenon in the future and smoothly distributes resources between industries is needed.


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In a book that is bound to ignite controversy, Ruth Leys investigates the history of the concept of trauma. She explores the emergence of multiple personality disorder, Freud's approaches to trauma, medical responses to shellshock and combat fatigue, Sándor Ferenczi's revisions of psychoanalysis, and the mutually reinforcing, often problematic work of certain contemporary neurobiological and postmodernist theorists. Leys argues that the concept of trauma has always been fundamentally unstable, oscillating uncontrollably between two competing models, each of which tends at its limit to collapse into the other.
A powerfully argued work of intellectual history, Trauma will rewrite the terms of future discussion of its subject.
Freud and Trauma
The Real Miss Beauchamp: An Early Case of Traumatic Dissociation
Traumatic Cures: Shell Shock, Janet, and the Question of Memory
Imitation Magic: Sándor Ferenczi and Abram Kardiner on Psychic Trauma
The Hysterical Lie: Ferenczi and the Problem of Simulation
Splinting the Mind: William Sargant and Catharsis in World War II
The Science of the Literal: The Neurobiology of Trauma
The Pathos of the Literal: Trauma and the Crisis of Representation


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Te Papa's collection of pressed, dried plant specimens includes samples of native and exotic species collected in New Zealand and other parts of the world. Many of the foreign specimens currently in the collection were brought into New Zealand in the late 1870s to be used as reference material and to assist with the identification of exotic species and to compare with the native species being discovered.
About 28000 specimens were purchased from the British Museum by the first director of Te Papa's predecessor, the Colonial Museum, Sir James Hector. This collection, known as the Thompson-Baker Herbarium, included samples of mosses, liverworts, marine algae, ferns and other plants. To date, only a small part of this large collection has been adequately curated and many of the specimens are still stored between the same paper sheets or newspaper pages they were placed in by their collectors or previous owners.
During the last three months Joyce Colussi-Mas has been working at Te Papa as a volunteer helping with the curation of the orchid specimens in the Thompson-Baker Herbarium. Joyce has carefully mounted over 500 specimens of European orchids on acid-free card, protected by a flimsy (thin paper sheet) and placed any loose labels, with information such as scientific name, place and date of collection, collector, into small cellophane envelopes and attached them to the card. Jonathan Frericks, MSc student at Victoria University of Wellington, also helped to mount some of these orchids.
The collection includes terrestrial orchids collected in countries such as France, Germany, Sweden, Austria, Switzerland, Italy and Russia. Some of the labels are written in Latin, German or French. Luckily, Joyce's first language is French and all those notes from orchids collected in France or Belgium are being translated into English.
Collection records of c.100 specimens have been examined so far and it seems most of these orchids were collected between the late 1770s and 1870s. Until now, one of the oldest orchid specimens we have found was collected on 16 July 1768. This orchid specimen is about 244 years old.
After studying the labels of each specimen we will know what species and how many different species of orchids are in the Thompson-Baker Herbarium, where and when these orchids were collected, and who the main collectors were. We already know that J. G. Baker, one of the owners of this collection, was a curator at the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew (UK) and contacting this institution will be our next step to find out more about the origin and stories behind these orchids.


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Right ventricular outflow tract view (fetal echocardiogram)
The right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) view (or three vessel view/3VV) is one of the standard views in a fetal echocardiogram.
In this view, the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk should be in continuity and the aorta posterior to the right ventricle.
This view can be achieved by adjusting the transducer beam while a good 4 chamber view is obtained, towards the right shoulder of the fetus.
In this view, the following observations can be made:
- the aorta and pulmonary trunk should be approximately the same size
- the pulmonary trunk should be anterior and to the left of the aorta


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Part of the series Rhymes for Rascals.
Rhymes for rascals is a three-book blackline master series of original poems written with humour, catchy rhythm and rhyme. Each anthology, with its comical punch lines, will appeal to students and teachers alike. Written especially with performance in mind, with guides supplied for each poem, each book provides new material for those involved in classroom recital activities, school assembly items, concerts and eisteddfods. Each poem is accompanied by a list of suggestions for further activities from each key learning area which can be used in the classroom. Two blackline masters relating to aspects of each poem are also included.
- 20 original poems in each book
- contemporary poetry themes, with a humorous flavour, relating to each age group
- each poem is accompanied by:
- a performance guide with hints for teachers;
- suggestions for further activities from each key learning area;
- two blackline masters relating to the poem; and
- answers where necessary.
- final four poem in each book written especially for group or choral work
- poems are easy to learn or recite by mainstream and special needs students
|Product Type||Teacher Resources,|
|Year Level||Year 3, Year 4,|
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text:
I have been set a probelm to do from my High school calculus class, I have gone through it and don't think I had any major probelms but I would love if someone on this forum could go through the question, so I can get a level of my understanding. Its 1 question with 7 parts (a-f):
The concentration of alcohol in a persons bloodstreams 't' hours after the person stopped drinking is given by c(t)= 0.8t / t^2+1. when C(t) is less than or equal to 0.08
A) interpret meaning of C(1/2)
B) find experssion for C'(t), which is the rate at which the concentrations of alcohol is changing.
C) write equation for the tangent line to C(t) when t=1
D) Interpret the meaning of the equation of the tangent line found in part C
E) Find the time it will take for the concentration level to get up to and then back below the legal.08 level.
F)theoretically, is there always a trace amount of alcohol in your bloodstream after some has been consumed? use limit theory to explain your answer.
desperately looking for help from anyone, & any help is much appreiciated!