text:
Source: Africa Portal
Elizabeth Willmott Harrop
July 4, 2012
ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA – Africa has been dubbed the new frontier for inter-country adoption, and for good reason. As traditional sending countries in Eastern Europe and Asia have tightened the supply of available children in recent years, demand has dramatically shifted to Africa.
According to the African Child Policy Forum (ACPF), there are now 50 prospective adopters for every available African adoptee, and Ethiopia is only behind China in the total number of children it makes available for international adoptions. Between 2003 and 2011, more than 41,000 Africans were moved overseas – a three-fold increase over the previous eight years.
While these figures may seem small in the context of Africa's estimated 58 million orphans, the trends were enough for government policymakers, NGOs and scholars from 20 African countries to convene at a ACPF conference on inter-country adoption in Addis Ababa in May 2012.
African officials and others are right to pay attention. According to Save the Children, over 80 percent of children in African orphanages have a living parent, just not one whocannot afford to provide for his or her child.In Ethiopia, the government recently attempted to trace the families of 385 different children from 45 different institutions. The families of all but 15 of them were located.
Seen through this lens, the African orphan crisis is largely one of insufficient family support. Officials presenting at the ACPF conference noted that there is no word for adoption in some African languages, and the concept is often misunderstood. Adoption agencies have been accused of profiting from this misconception as parents are persuaded to transfer their children into what they perceive as temporary arrangements that will provide stability and education before the child eventually returns home.
Due to increasing demand in Africa, countries across the continent now have to be wary of abusive adoption practices that have affected past sending nations. In Romania, for example, over 30,000 children were adopted in the 1990s – earning agencies over $900 million (all figures USD) but also exposing adoptees to legitimate and exploitative adopters from around the world.
Serious abuses resulting from adoptions in Africa are also well documented and the First Lady of Uganda, Janet Museveni, told the ACPF conference that inter-country adoption had facilitated trafficking for prostitution, sex slavery, organ harvesting and forced labour.The conference also heard of adoption agencies in Ethiopia accused of soliciting children directly from families, coercing women to relinquish newborns and,according to the NGO Against Child Trafficking, "parents are stated dead… dates of birth are falsified, false information is provided to the Courts".
While Ethiopia has made progress in the past two years by placing 700,000 vulnerable children into alternative options such as community care placements and domestic adoption, Ethiopia's story is typical of the way family reunification has been sidelined while impoverished parents are coerced into giving up their children in what has been called a "orphan creation" industry.
The finances involved in inter-country adoption provide insight into the economics of the problem. According to the Bureau of Consular Affairs in the United States, the world's leading receiving country, adoption agencies charged prospective parents up to $64,000 for processing an inter-country adoption in 2011.Meanwhile, in Ethiopia, the cost of a month's rent for a poor working family in Addis Ababa is just 25 cents per month, according to a mother speaking at the ACPF conference. Likewise, the total monthly budget that would allow that mother and child to stay together as a family unit can be as little as $15 per month.
David Smolin of Samford University notes that "the ethics of inter-country adoption becomes problematic where poverty induces the family to give up their child. Under such circumstances, even the cost of transporting the child from sending to receiving nation, if spent instead to aid the family, could have kept the family intact."
Ironically, orphanage care is also often more expensive than providing direct assistance to family and community structures. A 2004 UNICEF report containing cost comparisons in Uganda shows thatorphanagecosts run14 times higher than those for community care. Orphanages are often established by international adoption agencies, however, which make them more cost-effective in the context of the vast profits which can be made from inter-country adoption.
Despite the presence of numerous inter-country adoption agencies in Africa, a central theme of international standards such as the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child is that foreign adoption should be used only as a measure of last resort. This principle of subsidiarity protects the child's right to cultural identity and means domestic, family-based solutions should take precedence over international ones.
Comprehensive and well-enforced national legislation across African sending countries is therefore vital to maintain family units and connect the provision of social protection to adoption law. With these policies in place, inter-country adoption should only be applied in exceptional cases, and the need should be determined by the sending country and the best interests of the child.
As it stands, African countries are failing their children in allowing inter-country adoption to take precedence over family strengthening, depriving many of the home life they deserve. Let's hope that policy makers heard that loud and clear in Addis Ababa.
Elizabeth Willmott Harrop is a freelance writer and consultant based in the UK. She has worked with numerous development agencies, including UNICEF, Amnesty International and Plan International.


text:
A tuberculin testing trial in cattle was carried out in the Republic of Ireland to compare the specificity for bovine tuberculosis of a human purified protein derivative (PPD) tuberculin (Weybridge) with that of a bovine PPD (Rotterdam), and to determine whether discrimination between specific and non-specific reactions to mammalian tuberculin is better with doses of tuberculins smaller than those traditonally used for testing cattle. Tests were carried out in 510 cattle, 395 of which were shown by post mortem examination to be tuberculous and 115 non-tuberculous. Three dilutions at five-fold intervals of both mammalian tuberculins were used together with two dose levels of avian tuberculin PPD (Weybridge), and all reactions were measured both by increase in skin fold thickness and by diameter of induration. In the environment of this trial, the bovine PPD was shown to be more specific for bovine tuberculosis than the human PPD, and particularly in differentiating from "skin tuberculosis". There was no indication of greater specificity at lower doses of tuberculin. Measurement of induration diameter proved a satisfactory alternative method of reading tuberculin reactions in cattle under field conditions.
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text: This chapter describes the application of solid-state NMR spectroscopy for investigating battery electrode materials at controlled state of charge. Magic-angle spinning NMR gives the highest possible chemical resolution, but only allows these often metastable electrode materials to be studied in an ex situ manner, i.e., outside the electrochemical cell, with a risk of oxidation and chemical relaxation. Complementary to the MAS NMR approach, we therefore explain the use of dedicated static NMR probes optimally designed for coupling to battery cyclers. This in situ approach allows electrode materials to be studied inside electrochemical cells during repeated charge and discharge cycles. As electrode materials are generally paramagnetic or conductive in, at least, certain charge states, one of the NMR challenges is to deal with the large line broadening and shifts. In conjunction with density functional theory computation described in this chapter, however, these paramagnetic and Knight shifts are, in fact, rich sources of detailed information about the underlying materials' structure.


text:
Of More Than Usual Interest: The Taxing Problem of Debt PrincipalUF Law Faculty Publications
AbstractLeverage is an essential but often troubling component of the U.S. market. The financial crisis highlighted the risks and complexity of a leverage web that includes flesh-and-blood people from all walks of life and paper people from all corners of the business and investment world. In the tax area, the potentially problematic incentive effects of interest deductibility have long engaged a wide array of tax commentators and policymakers. While interest deductibility rightly receives widespread scrutiny, a more comprehensive approach to leverage is needed. This Article focuses on the surprisingly complicated tax treatment of cash (and cash equivalent) borrowings. This Article highlights that the current tax treatment of debt principal used to finance business and investment deductions yields favorable tax timing mismatches for taxpayers and thereby theoretically amplifies any distortions caused by the deductibility of debt interest. The tax system's current approach to debt-financed tax benefits reflects reactive responses to particular forms of tax avoidance. The current system's reliance on a factor drawn from tax avoidance case law— likelihood of repayment—has led to an inherently flawed set of tax rules. For example, the at-risk rules identify nonrecourse debt as problematic and then impose timing limitations on tax benefits financed only with that debt type even though potential timing distortions are embedded in all cash borrowings. Thus, the at-risk rules treat nonrecourse debt as simultaneously bona fide and suspect, yet whether an agreement constitutes bona fide debt still must be determined using a facts-andcircumstances, case-by-case analysis. The resulting tax rules relating directly to debt principal are confusing and inconsistent. The rules also invite extensive tax planning, whether legitimate or avoidant. The main tax problems relating to debt principal—the timing distortion and the possibility of sham debt—should be addressed as distinct issues with priority given to the timing issue. Giving renewed attention to resolving the timing distortion would facilitate a comprehensive approach to debt and would also have the likely side benefit of making sham debt less attractive. This Article examines multiple proposals for directly limiting timing benefits. Solving timing distortions for even simple cash debt is quite difficult. Thus, this Article details a more accurate, more complex reform avenue but also suggests a simpler, rougher justice one as well. The more complex approach rations the use of borrowed basis while the simpler approach utilizes a deferral charge. In addition, this Article briefly reviews (and rejects) two other possibilities—treating all debt as lacking basis and treating cash equivalent debt as income on receipt. If it is not currently possible to implement broader reform proposals, incremental reform that distinguishes more carefully between the underlying timing distortion and tax avoidance behavior could bring greater coherence to the taxing problem of debt principal.
Citation InformationCharlene Luke, Of More Than Usual Interest: The Taxing Problem of Debt Principal, 39 Seattle U. L. Rev. 33 (2015), available at _URL_


Chatbot for Business
How Multilingual AI Chatbots can Scale Overseas Business Operations?
Team Konverse
How Multilingual AI Chatbots can Scale Overseas Business Operations?
We're living in the era of globalization. It's high time that we act like it.
If you're running a business in 2021, you must understand the importance of expanding your operations overseas.
In the case of overseas communication, nothing can beat the comfort of speaking in one's native language.
This is the reason why multilingual AI chatbots are becoming more and more popular.
A multilingual chatbot can take customer communication to a whole new level by interacting with the prospects in their very own languages.
In this article, we'll discuss why a multilingual AI chatbot matters. Let's get started!
So, what is a multilingual AI chatbot?
Let's discuss AI Chatbots first. A chatbot is an Artificial Intelligence (AI) solution that imitates a chat or conversation with the end-users. Enterprises include chatbots in their websites, apps, and other channels to make customer communication easier.
The primary reason behind including an AI chatbot in any business is:
 - to improve customer interaction and
 - to convert more leads.
But how do you expect to do that without making your prospects comfortable?
A successful entrepreneur always thinks from the customers' perspective and simplifies customer communication as much as possible.
As your business grows internationally, you cannot limit your customer base to your home country only. Real growth is when you interact with prospects of different cultural backgrounds.
Start with including a multilingual conversational AI platform in your business. That way, you'll have something for everyone. It won't matter what country or culture your prospects are from. They can always get the information they need from the AI chatbot.
With frequent updates in AI and Natural Language Processing (NLP) technologies, building a multilingual chatbot is no big deal anymore! These technologies can help you create an AI chatbot that communicates fluently in any language with utmost responsiveness.
If improving customer-support is your priority, investing in a multilingual AI chatbot should be on your to-do list.
5 Reasons why you must get a Multilingual AI Chatbot today!
1. Multilingual AI Chatbots can scale your global outreach
If you're planning to go overseas and you have an equipped AI chatbot that can communicate in 40+ languages, half of the battle is already won.
This means you can take customer communications to the next level with a chatbot that speaks the local languages of your prospects. Most businesses are going for a localization strategy these days.
By localization, we mean customizing your product/service offerings according to the demands of the local customers. Suppose, you're planning to start your overseas operations with Germany.
The first thing you'll need is a German language speaking customer service executive who can interact with your customers/prospects. With a multilingual chatbot, you can save this excess cost. In that case, the same AI chatbot speaks German, French, Spanish, Chinese, and whatever language you prefer.
So, it's high time that you train your AI chatbot to speak as many languages as possible. The more languages it speaks, the more chances you acquire to build a global customer base.
2. Convert more leads and establish a competitive edge
Did you know that 40% of global customers can avoid purchasing from a brand if the communication is not performed in their native language? So whether to generate or convert leads, you need strong control over your prospects' local dialect.
Also, with so much competition around, don't you want to stand out? If so, having a multilingual AI chatbot can easily be your deal-breaker. Here's why.
It is true that chatbots are becoming more and more popular each day. In fact, 57% of global companies have already adopted conversational AI.
But when it comes to adopting multilingual AI chatbots, the percentage is way lower. So, chances are that your strong competitors have still not adopted a multilingual chatbot.
Doesn't that improve your chances of standing out in the crowd? We believe it does. An AI chatbot that doesn't only offer 24/7 live support but responds to customers' queries in their native languages, is definitely going to steal the deal for you.
3. Save more time and cut down employee training costs
If you think an AI multilingual chatbot is for customers only, you're clearly missing out. In fact, a multilingual chatbot can save you the time and costs of training employees.
We're living in the era of globalization and outsourcing. MNEs are hiring employees and freelancers from all over the world. As an employer, you need to train these employees to make them accustomed to your organizational practices.
Since physical or face-to-face training is not an option here, why not use a multilingual AI chatbot? It can effectively reduce communication gaps and translate all instructions and knowledge areas to the non-English speaking employees.
This not only saves your time but helps you save a lot of money. You don't need to train employees individually or hire an interpreter who would translate things to employees.
Plus, how many languages do you think a single interpreter or translator can speak? 5 or a maximum of 10? With conversational AI, you can interact with your clients and employees in 40+ languages.
Isn't that cool?
4. Drive sales and appointments to your business
What is "sales" exactly? It is nothing but initiating natural conversations with potential buyers and gaining their trust. Before you convince your buyers to purchase anything from you, you need to build a relationship with them.
Frankly, building a relationship is difficult if you can't speak your target audiences' native language. With a multilingual AI chatbot, you can make your prospects comfortable and provide them greater power over decision-making.
If your AI chatbot speaks the language your prospects speak, you can create an instant feeling of importance in your prospects. The saying, "the first impression is the last impression" works here.
Also, not all your prospects and customers speak English. So by disabling the "multilingual" feature from your chatbot, you're ruling out a large part of your potential customers at the very first attempt.
Your prospects enter your website, they ask a question to your AI chatbot, it answers in English, the prospect tries to choose a different language but fails! What will he/she do next? The person will leave.
To drive more sales and appointments to your online store, always go for a multilingual AI chatbot.
5. Maintain consistency and improve customer retention rate
Humans have emotions, AI chatbots don't. Also, humans can make mistakes, a chatbot wouldn't. Isn't that the whole point of getting an AI chatbot in the first place?
This applies to multilingual AI chatbots too. A multilingual AI chatbot interacts with your customers, prospects, and employees of different cultural backgrounds without getting tired.
Multilingual chatbots can answer repetitive questions in any language without skipping any important information. It's going to stay active 24/7 to provide customers with the best possible experience.
With this consistency, you can convert leads, drive more sales and customers for a long period. Multilingual bots make your customers feel valued and that always works in your favor.
Go Global with Konverse's Multilingual AI Chatbots
Target a global customer base with Konverse's multilingual chatbots. Our AI chatbots support 40+ international languages and help you with lead generation, nurturing, and conversion.
Also, we offer you industry-specific AI chatbot solutions. Don't forget to check them out.
Additional Readings
Learn how to generate leads using WhatsApp for Business
Why your marketing strategy needs an AI chatbot right now
Find out why your eCommerce store needs an AI chatbot
Ready to multiply sales and conversions?
Try it free


How To Emphasize Things In Chinese
Aug 11, 2021 | Chinese Language
Many foreigners consider China as an ideal destination for them to develop their careers due to the rapid growth of China's economy. Those who have had the chance to live in China were certainly amazed by the rich food culture and the stunning natural scenery. Therefore, it'll be interesting to learn a couple of Chinese phrases that you can use when you're deeply impressed by what you see or what you hear. In fact, some of the following structures that you're about to learn can also come in handy when you would like to put an emphasis on something. So, let's have a look at how to emphasize things in Chinese.
太 (tài) + adj. + 了 (le)
The meaning of this structure is "too/so……". What's interesting about this structure is that it can be used to make a complaint or pay a compliment.
niú ròu tài là le
The beef is too spicy
It's easy to tell that the structure is used to make a complaint in this sentence.
nǐ de zhōng wén tài hǎo le
Your Chinese is so good
In this sentence, the structure is used to pay a compliment.
真 (zhēn) + adj. + 啊 (a)
The meaning of真 (zhēn) is "real", therefore, the whole structure means "really……". The word 啊 (a) at the end is often used to make an exclamative sentence, which means you can use this structure if someone or something impresses you.
zhè gè shāng chǎng zhēn dà a!
This shopping mall is really big!
shāng chǎng
shopping mall
Having fun learning how to emphasize things in Chinese? Let's keep going with some more structures.
就 (jiù) + verb
The character "就 (jiù)" can be translated as "right" or "just". One of the most common ways to use "就 (jiù)" is to combine it with a verb to emphasize a certain fact. Here are two dialogues that can help you better understand this structure:
A: 谁是Jason?
shéi shì Jason?
Who is Jason?
B: 我就是 Jason
wǒ jiù shì Jason.
That's me.
As you may have noticed, the literal translation of the answer is "I'm right Jason", which turns out to be an emphasis. Another example can be the following dialogue:
A: Mike 在哪里?
Mike zài nǎli?
Where is Mike?
B: 他就在这里
tā jiù zài zhèli
He is right here
是 (shì)………的 (de)
Similar to the previous structure, "是 (shì)………的 (de)" is often used by Chinese people when they want to lay stress on a certain part of a sentence. It's important for you to remember that what you want to emphasize goes right after "是 (shì)", and "的 (de)" is always at the end of a sentence.
wǒ shì zuò fēi jī lái shàng hǎi de
I came to Shanghai by plane
In this sentence, the part to be emphasized is the mode of transport, which is "坐飞机 (zuò fēi jī)", meaning "to take a plane".
zhè bēi kā fēi shì wǒ mǎi de
I bought this cup of coffee
As for this sentence, it emphasizes the fact that "This cup of coffee was not bought by anyone else but me".
不 (bù) / 没 (méi) + verb +object + 吗 (ma)?
This structure is usually used when you're surprised by a certain fact in order to emphasize that it's beyond your expectation.
nǐ bù xǐ huān kā fēi ma?
Don't you like coffee?
nǐ zuó tiān méi qù xué xiào ma?
Didn't you go to school yesterday?
We hope you enjoyed reading about how to emphasize things in Chinese. If you are interested in learning more about specific Mandarin Chinese, have a read about Mandarin Chinese loan words!
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Home >Bestiary >(Bestiary) By Type >Plants >
Short, thin, and green, this small humanoid wields a spear. Tendrils of fungus dangle from its arms, midsection, and legs.
CR 1/2
XP 200
N Small plant
AC 16, touch 13, flat-footed 14; (+2 Dex, +3 natural, +1 size)
hp 5 (1d8+1)
Fort +3, Ref +2, Will +0
Defensive Abilities plant traits, DR 5/slashing or bludgeoning; Immune electricity
Speed 30 ft.
Melee 2 claws +1 (1d4) or longspear +1 (1d6)
Str 11, Dex 14, Con 12, Int 8, Wis 11, Cha 11
Base Atk +0; CMB –1; CMD 11
Feats Skill Focus ( Perception)
Skills Perception +7, Stealth +10 (+18 in vegetation); Racial Modifiers +4 Stealth (+12 in vegetation)
Languages Undercommon, Vegepygmy (cannot speak)
Environment any underground
Organization solitary, gang (2–6), or tribe (7–30 plus 1 chieftain)
Treasure standard (longspear, other treasure)
Vegepygmys are created by a dangerous fungus known as russet mold—creatures slain by russet mold serve as incubators for the mold's spores, and a day later, the dead body bursts to release 1d6 fully grown vegepygmys. A vegepygmy has no real relation to the body from which it emerges, but the creature may yet retain a strange sort of reverence for its "birth corpse" and carry with it a grisly memento from the body, typically a few bones or teeth. Often, a vegepygmy uses such bones to craft a crude spear or some other weapon.
Vegepygmy tribes live in tightly knit communities and fiercely guard their patches of russet mold. Vegepygmies cannot speak—they communicate via a crude language of rhythmic taps, beats, and clicks. Hunting parties echo these exchanges through the caves they travel. Vegepygmies stand 2 to 4 feet tall and weigh between 15 to 45 pounds.
Approximately 1 in 20 vegepymies are chieftains. A vegepygmy chieftain is an advanced vegepygmy (often one with class levels) that carries an infestation of russet mold spores in its flesh. A vegepygmy chieftain infects any creature it hits with its natural weapons with russet mold spores (see russet mold).


Zollverein, ( German: "Customs Union") German customs union established in 1834 under Prussian leadership. It created a free-trade area throughout much of Germany and is often seen as an important step in German reunification.
The movement to create a free-trade zone in Germany received great impetus from economists such as Friedrich List, its most active advocate in early 19th-century Germany. In 1818 Prussia enacted a tariff law abolishing all internal customs dues and announced its willingness to establish free trade with neighbouring states. A decade later Prussia signed the first such pact with Hesse-Darmstadt. In 1828 a customs union was set up in southern Germany by Bavaria and Württemberg, joined in 1829 by the Palatinate; also in 1828 the central German states established a similar union, which included Saxony, the Thuringian states, electoral Hesse, and Nassau. In 1834 these were among the 18 states that joined in the Zollverein. Hanover and Oldenburg joined in 1854; the two Mecklenburgs, Schleswig-Holstein, Lauenburg, and Lübeck joined in 1867; and thereby all Germany outside Austria was included except Hamburg and Bremen, which adhered in 1888, 17 years after the establishment of the German Empire.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
When you spin an asymmetrically weighted, 2D disk-shaped top, the heavy part actually rises to the top. Why is this?
 1. _URL_
 2. _URL_
In the second video it shows that this is because of friction but trying this on a frictionless surface won't do much: The disk will go up and down and still the heavy part will be on the top.
share|improve this question
2 Answers 2
up vote 8 down vote accepted
I think the solution has more to do with the tennis racket effect (see: _URL_
Let me clarify the disk with hole in it has two stable axes of rotation and one unstable one. The unstable one is through the hole and the stable one is across (below in green) and normal to the disk.
Axes Def
I have confirmed that without friction (and from the videos in the link above) when the disk is spun on the unstable axis, it will perdiodically flip. This is what caused it to flip when the disk was falling without friction.
The additional nuiance here is the once it is on the "upsidedown" oriention and friction is present then the unstable axis becomes stable.
If the hole spans from the center to the edge of the disk, then the center of gravity is at $$ \vec{c} = (0,-\frac{R}{6},0)$$ where $R$ is the outside radius of the disk. The principal moments of inertia about the center of mass are $$ \begin{aligned} I_{XX} & = m \left( \frac{\ell^2}{12} + \frac{29 R^2}{144} \right) \approx 0.2 m R^2 \\ I_{YY} & = m \left( \frac{\ell^2}{12} + \frac{5 R^2}{16} \right) \approx 0.31 m R^2 \\ I_{ZZ} & = m \left( \frac{37 R^2}{72} \right) \approx 0.51 m R^2 \end{aligned} $$
where $\ell$ is the thickness of the disk. Since $I_{YY}-I_{XX} = \frac{8}{37} I_{ZZ}$ this means that the y direction is the medium inertia value, x the minimum and z the maximum. Hence the instability about the y axis according to the Tennis Racket Effect.
I am working to qualify the above statement and I am going to update this post with my findings.
share|improve this answer
may you please explain why the axis through the hole is unstable, I would say it should be the one on the x-axis because it is not symmetrical. – Mhmd Dec 31 '13 at 12:43
_USER_ Any rigid body has three principal moments of inertia of different values. Rotation about the smallest and largest direction is stable, whilst rotation about the medium value is unstable. This is the tennis racket effect. – ja72 Dec 31 '13 at 16:17
I have added a little more about the mass moments of inertia on the post. – ja72 Dec 31 '13 at 16:58
The tennis racket effect/theorem can be accurately understood by the Poinsot-Binet Energy Ellipsoid. More reference is in Goldstein – Torsten Hĕrculĕ Cärlemän Dec 31 '13 at 17:24
I) Here we will give a qualitative rather than quantitative analysis. Consider first the axially symmetric 3D tippe top, which means that there will be two principal axis with maximal moment of inertia. (If we wish, we can for simplicity model the top as a spherically symmetric ball, with a heavy point mass off the geometric center $O$.) Empirically, we observe to a first approximation that:
 1. The angular vector $\vec{\omega}$ is mostly vertical and completes a small precession for each revolution of the top. (Let's assume that $\vec{\omega}$ is upwards rather than downwards.)
 2. The rotation of the top is around a point $Q$ somewhere between the geometric center $O$ and the center of mass $C$.
 3. The point $P$ of contact completes a small circular orbit for each revolution of the top.
 4. The top is mostly rolling without sliding. In other words, to a first approximation, it is static friction rather than kinetic friction, and hence the mechanical energy is conserved.
The angular momentum vector $\vec{L}$ will mostly point upwards but tilted a bit to the same (opposite) side as $C$ iff $O$ is above (below) $C$. In other words, the angular momentum vector $\vec{L}$ completes a small precession for each revolution of the top. We will assume that this precession of $\vec{L}$ (and the corresponding net torque needed for this precession) remains very small during the entire inversion process.
Now the torques of gravity and the normal force work in unison to increase the precession of $\vec{L}$. The cancellation of this torque can only come from the friction force acting in the same direction (horizontally speaking) as where the center of mass $C$ is.$^1$
Naturally, due to an imperfect rolling motion, the friction force will then tend to slide the point of contact in the direction of the friction force, thereby raising the center of mass $C$. (Del Campo showed that sliding friction must play an essential role in the inversion process, cf. Ref. 1. Of course sliding friction is also responsible for that the top eventually comes to rest and looses its mechanical energy.)
II) The asymmetric 2D discs$^2$ works similarly, although now the rotation will mainly be around the unstable principal axis with intermediate moment of inertia, leading to the tennis racket/Dzhanibekov effect, as correctly pointed out by ja72 in his answer, see also e.g. this Phys.SE post and links therein. In situations without friction, the tennis racket/Dzhanibekov effect explains the last unresolved part of the solution video.
 1. Richard J. Cohen, The tippe top revisited, _URL_ (hat tip: Leonida)
$^1$ Note that the friction torque argument in this Basic Saucer Physics 101 video seems to lead to the opposite effect where the center of mass $C$ gets lowered (rather than raised).
$^2$ The geometric details of the asymmetric 2D discs is to a large extent irrelevant for the effect.
share|improve this answer
Correction to the answer (v1): Del Campo's argument only guarantee that friction is involved, not that it is necessarily sliding friction. – Qmechanic Apr 28 at 8:21
Also the word is in the last sentence of the answer should be are. – Qmechanic Apr 30 at 16:19
Your Answer


text:
Fire Telephone Panel Front 8 Zone AW-CFP2166-8C
The AW-CFP2166 series conventional fire alarm panel is designed based on EN54 part 2＆4 standard. And it is the central part of a conventional fire alarm system, designed for applications requiring smoke detectors, bell, manual pull stations, and sprinkler supervision. Each zone can be disabled by a button. The basic unit offers 1 to 8 zones of initiation, up to 16 zones for larger applications.
- It is a modularized design, the panel can expand from 1 zone to 32 zones easily.
- It has 2 level control mode by a lock
- It has 24VDC and 5VDC power supply output.
- It has FIRE and FAULT signal output.
- It has 2 general sounders output.
- Each zone has 1 circuit detector input.
- Each zone can be disabled by a button.
- It has a RESET button to reset the panel.
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- It has an EVACUATE button to start a manual fire alarm immediately.
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- It has an optional GSM module for fire alarm by SMS.
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LPCB Addressable Fire Alarm System Loop Isolator Module for Fire Alarm System AW-D314


text:
One of the main challenges to adequately conserve the African fish fauna is to improve our so far unsatisfactory taxonomic knowledge of important portions of the ichthyofauna. In the present study, we attempted to unravel the taxonomic diversity of some species of Enteromius Cope, 1867, a problematic African fish genus, recently collected in the north-eastern part of the Congo basin. We used an integrative approach, combining DNA barcodes and morphological analyses. For one of the species complexes found, the E. miolepis/eutaenia species complex, we evaluated taxonomic diversity over a larger geographic scale within the Congo drainage system. Although initial literature-based species identifications allowed us to assign all examined specimens to four tentative species, DNA barcodes indicated the presence of 23 distinct mitochondrial lineages. The majority of these lineages appeared endemic to particular rivers, and in most rivers multiple lineages occur in sympatry. Subsequent exploratory morphometric analyses indicated that almost all these lineages are morphologically distinguishable and that they may therefore represent undescribed species. As only a part of the Congo basin and a subset of the species diversity within Enteromius were examined, it appears that the species richness of Enteromius in the Congo basin is severely underestimated.
'Barbus', COI, integrative taxonomy, species richness.


Centrifugal Pumps
Centrifugal Pumps
Centrifugal water pumps are one of the most common types of pumps. They are used in industrial and home applications from moving sewage to and from treatment plants to pulling water from a well or river into a home or cottage. Here is an overview of how these types of water pumps work and the different types of jobs they handle.
How do centrifugal pumps work?
These units work through a process called kinetic energy when pumping water and other fluids through a piping system. Centrifugal water pumps have an impeller inside of them that are often made out of rubber. The motor turns the impeller inside the unit. This, in turn, causes friction to build up to create a suction vacuum strong enough to pull water into it from a source like a river. The impeller then forces the fluid out into the pipes connected to the outlet on the unit. The force of the water entering the pipes will determine the amount of pressure in them.
What types of centrifugal units are available?
There are a number of different pumps available:
 - Self-priming: In a regular unit, you typically have to prime it before fluid will flow properly through it. This means the casing of the water pump has to be filled with water before it is turned on. A regular water pump can also lose its prime and stop pumping if the casing gets too much air, gases, or vapors in it. The air, gases, and vapors need to be released before the water pump will work again. This is often done by physically opening a valve on the housing. A self-priming pump uses an air separation chamber to remove the gases and vapors bubbles from the liquid. This type of pump also has a priming chamber that holds fluids released into the priming chamber to re-prime the pump if it stops without having to do anything.
 - Vertical: Vertical water pumps are typically used in equipment like a parts washer or to pull water from a deep narrow well. These pumps don't need much room to operate and work in high-temperature and high-pressure applications.
 - Jet: These are commonly used at homes or cottages because they are easy to install and don't require a lot of overhead space. Jet pumps can be connected to a motor or engine needed to spin the impeller.
 - Froth: A froth water pump is typically used in the oil and gas, as well as pulp and paper industries. The impeller on these units is modified by drilling holes in it. This allows the air getting pulled into the system to escape through an expeller so it doesn't lose its prime.
How do I choose?
You first need to determine how much liquid flow and pressure is needed for your situation. You also need to determine the amount of space and shape of the space that the unit will be stationed in.


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It's not often that kids have the opportunity to apply what they're learning to help renovate their school. But students from Metro Montessori Middle School visited the Portland State campus this week with the intention of doing just that—by learning how to make a recently purchased school building as energy-efficient as possible.
"What can we do to improve our building now?" asked Eleanor Kemp, an eighth grader at Metro Montessori. For the past month, Kemp and her classmates have been studying green buildings and EcoDistricts, communities committed to achieving neighborhood-scale sustainability goals.
Students from Metro Montessori Middle School visited
PSU to learn about green buildings and energy.
Fletcher Beaudoin and Kate Williams from the PSU Institute for Sustainable Solutions took the students on a tour of PSU's green energy features, from Electric Avenue to the new energy-efficient light fixtures in historic Lincoln Hall. After the tour, the students calculated how much carbon emissions different kinds of light bulbs produce, and discussed how emissions affect each bulb's overall costs to consumers.
Students intend to use what they learned at PSU to advocate for energy-efficient retrofits in their school's new building.
"They're coming back with a skill that the facilities manager can use," said Metro Montesori teacher and PSU alumna Marcia Thomas.
Many of the same students from Metro Montessori visited PSU's campus last year for a tour of sustainable transportation infrastructure. The students have since opened up their own bike repair shop modeled on PSU's BikeHub and have talked with Mayor Charlie Hales about Portland's transportation planning.
Classes interested in learning about sustainability on PSU's campus can contact Fletcher Beaudoin at _EMAIL_.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Eosinophilic Granuloma Complex--Dogs
General Information: Rare disease in dogs that usually affects the mouth but can affect the skin.
Transmission or Cause: The cause is unknown however there is some evidence that the lesions could be due to an underlying hypersensitivity or may be a genetic disease.
Affected Animals: This is a rare disease in dogs. Dogs of any age, breed or sex can be affected however Siberian huskies and Cavalier King Charles spaniels, dogs under 3 years old and males seem to have a higher incidence of the disease.
Clinical Signs: The lesions are usually seen in the mouth but can also occur on the skin. Lesions in the mouth are seen on the palate or on the tongue. On the palate the lesions can be ulcerated and form slightly raised, red areas and on the tongue are mass-like and can have a greenish color. They less commonly occur on the skin, usually on the belly.
Diagnosis: The diagnosis is based on clinical signs, biopsy and sometimes culture.
Treatment: Most lesions will respond well to steroids such as prednisone and some may spontaneously regress.
Prognosis: The prognosis is good. Usually the lesions resolve after treatment however they may recur.
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The approach taken to evaluate performance for DOAC assays complies with specifications detailed in ISO 13528 Statistical Methods for use in proficiency testing by interlaboratory comparisons and is as follows:
The consensus median is taken as the central reference point or "target value".
A z score is calculated using the following formula:
[result – mean] / SD
The mean is a "robust" mean value, with outliers excluded; the SD is a "robust" SD determined after exclusion of outliers.
A result identical to the mean will give a Z score of 0. ISO13528 defines Z score above 3 or below -3 as an "action signal". A Z score above 2 and below 3 (or below -2 and above -3) is a "warning signal". It is suggested in this ISO guide that one action signal, or two successive warning signals require investigation.
Assessment is against overall medians, for each DOAC, when n =>10. If the DOAC assay is performed by 10 but <20 centres, performance is assessed but centres should note that z-scores can be unreliable with small numbers of samples (n<20) as in this case. If <10 centres return results for an assay, performance will not be assessed.


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LIFEPAC Language Arts covers the six major content strands of reading, speaking and listening, writing, spelling, grammar, and composition for grades K to 12th grade. This program also covers special topics like visual media, the history of the English language, the Bible as literature, and book reports, as well as study and research skills.
About LIFEPAC Curriculum:
LIFEPAC is a Christian homeschool curriculum for grades K-12. Designed by a team of accomplished educators with years of classroom experience, LIFEPAC is based on the principle of mastery learning. Students master content in each unit worktext before progressing to the next. Ten LIFEPAC worktexts provide one full year of learning content per grade level; individual worktexts can also be used as supplemental material. In addition, you can mix and match subjects or grade level worktexts to personalize your student's curriculum content. Individual worktexts take approximately 3 to 4 weeks to complete.
To learn more about this curriculum, click to see Lifepac Scope and Sequence.
Recommended Grade Level: 11th grade
Publisher: Alpha Omega Publications
13-Digit ISBN: 9781580957069
Item Code: LAN1115


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As of July 1, 2001, the Idaho Safe Haven Act protects abandoned infants. This law is intended to provide a safe alternative for parents who otherwise might abandon their babies.
A safe haven is authorized by law to accept a baby less than 30 days of age, directly from a parent, without identifying the parent. The parent is not required to provide any information to the safe haven, but may volunteer medical or other information. The parent remains anonymous and will not be prosecuted for child neglect or abandonment.
The law specifically identifies the following safe havens:
The safe haven will:


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Female entrepreneurs as managers: The role of social capital in facilitating a learning culture
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to use a social capital and learning organisation theoretical framework to clarify two issues: how female entrepreneurs manage interactions with employees and whether they learn about new business opportunities from workplace networks. The qualitative findings demonstrated that female entrepreneurs used a relational approach to manage their employees which social capital theory (SCT) predicts should have promoted a workplace environment-based on trust and reciprocity of ideas, information and resources. Design/methodology/approach - Data were obtained from semi-structured phone and person-to-person interviews. The qualitative questions sought to solicit information about how female entrepreneurs managed (particularly their staff) and whether they used workplace processes to be innovative and learn about new venture opportunities from within their firms. Findings - The paper provides support to previous research that argues female entrepreneurs traditionally use a relational approach to managing their businesses. However, in contrast to previous literature about SCT, this paper found that only about a quarter of the female entrepreneurs used a social capital approach to learn about potential venture opportunities from their staff. Hence, the findings suggest that these female entrepreneurs did not engage in active learning from employees. Research limitations/implications - This study's findings have a number of limitations. Firstly, the sampling process could have caused bias in the data collection and therefore the generalisability of the findings may be compromised. Moreover, the sample size is limited; hence further research is necessary across numerous countries to improve the generalisability of the exploratory study. Practical implications - The implication of these findings is that the majority of female entrepreneurs probably do not use workplace employee networks to provide new venture opportunities. Governments may need to consider strategies for supporting female entrepreneurs to capture new venture opportunities. Originality/value - Previous research suggests that small to medium-sized enterprises do not necessarily perceive networks outside of the firm as a source of new ideas and the findings from this study suggest than only a quarter of the female entrepreneurs attempted to learn from inside the firm.
Gender in Management: An International Journal
Business and Management not elsewhere classified


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DEBATE, Work Conditions:Time
DEBATE, Work Conditions: Effort
|Work Time Comparison Considerations:
section for worker claims and ZAP responses regarding estimates
of work time differences between blowers and rake and broom.
It cannot be assumed
that blowers are faster. Males often link the sound
of a loud motor to greater power, and according to one study, both
sexes found a noisy vacuum to be more efficient than a quieter one,
even though the less noisy machine was far superior. (01.6.2)
Blowers, with their loud sounds and vibrations, moving leaves and
debris rapidly, might only appear do some jobs faster than manual
ARB reports state that additional work time might be 5%-15% more,
if at all.
A Los Angeles Department of Water and Power and L.A. City Task Force
timed experiment in which an experienced professional gardener using
a gasoline leaf blower took two minutes to gather a patio of leaves
into a designated circle. Using rake and broom, an inexperienced
grandmother, who volunteered, took two minutes and 30 seconds.
Total gathering time for three tests each, showed the same 30 second,
or, a 20%, difference. (See
Raw footage taped for The Learning Channel production "Inventions
We Love to Hate" aired October 17, 2001, shows a 25% difference
in worktime for gathering the same amount of leaves from grass.
Had gardener and volunteer worked at the same speed, as previously
agreed, it is estimated the difference would have been 15%. Removal
of leaves was not included in this analysis. (See
We suggest that blower time is recorded first in tests of this
kind, so those using rakes and brooms can adjust their work speed
to that of the blower operator, for a more accurate comparison.
These examples may not represent all real world experiences,
but they do show that what differences may exist are closer than
has been claimed by blower supporters, especially since there are
several other reports of homeowners working with rakes and brooms
completing tasks as fast as do workers using blowers.
|The above-noted Department
of Water and Power comparison, and other estimates comparing blower
use with rakes and brooms, do not take into consideration additional
time and expenses. The costs of health problems fall on residents
of the neighborhood, as well as the blower users, themselves. Comparisons
- Cost of Purchase
- Cost of Maintenance
- Cost of Fuel, including that spilled in refueling
- Cost of Safety Equipment
- Cost of Replenishing the Soil with water, fertilizer, mulch
and other additives
- Cost of Health Problems caused by Emissions
- Cost of Health Problems caused by Fugitive Dust
- Cost of Hearing Loss.
- Cost of loss of work and income due to above noted health problems.
- Time for machine maintenance
- Time for Fuel Purchase
- Time for Refueling
- Time for gathering up and putting on safety gear
- Time for mounting and Starting the machine
Another comparison did not add picking up and removing leaves and
debris to the blower work time, but they did indicate that additional
work when speaking about rakes and brooms. Unless you add
this additional time to both methods being discussed, no accurate
comparison can be made.
In many spontaneous one-on-one discussions at their workplaces,
we have found no gardener who has actually made timed comparisons
between blower use and rake and broom on individual residential
properties. We have found several who first state that rakes
and brooms will double their work time, or more.
The following conversation was recorded immediately after it took
When asked how much more time it took to clean this one particular
property with a rake compared to a blower, the gardeners automatic
response was, It used to take me 10-15 minutes. Now
it takes me an hour. After my surprise at such a large
difference and stating that, on two different occasions I timed
my own gardener, then did the same work at the same speed a week
later, and found no difference, his facts changed. He now
said, Oh, well, it takes an hour for a big property, not for
this one. This one takes me 20 minutes now.
|What It Means to You, and
to Your Neighbor:
Economic concerns of
employers and other community residents were seldom brought up in
the press during the Los Angeles and California blower controversy,
except for quotes stating They wont pay more.
But, these concerns should be taken into consideration. Anyone
could incur health care costs and the loss of income for time taken
off work for health problems due to blower-induced air pollution.
And, all taxpayers incur the cost of the healthcare for those who
cannot afford it.
It is estimated that more than 12 million Americans use their homes
for earning income, either part time or full time. That is
one of every 11 workers. (00.1.2).
Where their concentration or ability to carry on business by phone
is disrupted by leafblowers, their incomes, or even their jobs,
may be jeopardized. Tension and lack of concentration due
to noise pollution and sleep deprivation, over which they have no
control, may interfere with work at home or lead to problems in
Residents in areas where blowers are used also bear related economic
impacts. They wash their cars and the exterior of their houses,
fences and walls more often. They buy air conditioners and
pay extra electricity for their use in order to keep windows closed
due to noise and dust drift. And/or, they must clean the interior
of their houses, furniture and drapes more often. Besides
the additional costs of these activities, additional time is required
on their part to do these chores.
All taxpayers pay the burden of law enforcement where there is no
voluntary compliance with a blower ban ordinance. Employers
who allow workers they hire directly or through landscape companies
to use blowers are responsible for taking the time of city operators
at the hot line, those who must do computer entries
or paperwork, and of enforcement officers. Employers have
a right and a responsibility to keep an eye on that work they pay
for, to get what they pay for, or to find other workers.
Homeowner employers may suffer fines for violations by their workers.
If you want blowers to stop and you cannot negotiate a modification
of salary or job description, hire workers who have a policy of
not using blowers. They wont defy the law when your
back is turned. The provision which allows a fine on their employers
when the ban is violated was requested by gardeners.
One homeowner was particularly angry at receiving a letter warning
that a violation had recently occurred on his property, because
he had purchased an electric blower a year earlier for the gardener
who violated the law by using a gas blower. Unfortunately and unfairly,
he was angry with the neighbor who reported the violation, rather
than with his gardener.
Many employers hire more than one business to help with yard and
property maintenance throughout the year. They may have one
worker or company for regular clean up (Mow, blow and go).
Another company is hired for periodic garden tune-ups
once or twice a year (light pruning of trees; removal and/or division
of plants, replanting, mulching, check irrigation and sprinklers,
weed, deadhead flowers and herbs). And yet another company
is hired for specialty maintenance, such as a
certified arborist or tree surgeon, or a company that trims trees.
A more realistic expectation of the level of cleanliness, on the
part of both employer and worker, could cut down work time.
Many homeowners who hire basic maintenance help dont care
whether every last leaf is removed before the worker leaves, since
more will be on the ground within minutes. They should so
inform their workers, whose sense of pride in a job well done, and
fear of being fired for not leaving the property perfectly clean,
may cause that worker to feel a need for blowers, especially if
that property is difficult to rake and sweep.
Employers might cut down work time by asking the worker what hinders
or slows down the work. For instance, patio chairs could be
stacked or put on the tabletop and covered, instead of placed on
the deck or ground around a table. Trees could be trimmed
just as major leaf-fall begins. Edging could be done less
often. In some cases, a slight change in landscape plantings
or design might make a difference.
An increase in pay may actually be warranted. Compare the
difference in work time between blowers and rake and broom on a
specific property, with the worker moving at the same pace.
Or, time the worker, then return the same debris to its original
location and sweep and rake it back up yourself. Even five
or ten minutes more time per week per customer can add up to a significant
loss of time or income for the worker. But for individual customers,
it could mean a monthly increase that is still reasonable, and nowhere
near the oft quoted double my rates.
|What it Means to Gardeners
|Los Angeles is the largest
market in the world for these blowers. It is obvious that manufacturers,
distributors, retailers and gardening associations under any auspices,
have an economic interest in holding on to their markets.
As more and more cities contemplate leaf blower bans


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The Queensland character is a literary and political devise. But did it really exist? I argue that putting aside groups of 'characters' that happen to live in Queensland, the Queensland character is an imagining of society where the history is very different. The key point is that the 'Queensland character' is not the 'character' of philosophical traditions, but has evolved, as elsewhere, into an excuse for character deficiencies.
I am exploring the subject in a new book with the working title of 'Horizon Worldviews in Queensland: Re-Imaging the Society Beyond the 'Queensland Character'. I am making the drafting process open as a series of post on one of my blogs, 'Was There Ever A Queensland Character?' This site houses selected extracts of the drafting, as follows:
Even among Queensland historians the opportunity to rigorously examine the thinking behind the commonly used phase 'Queensland character' has never before been taken up. It is not that Queensland historians have not alluded to the use of the phrase. The much more common usage among historians and other scholars is in reference to the material construct known as the 'the Queenslander'. The discussion of the allegedly uniquely-designed Queensland house spins around on the idea of 'character', and more precisely 'heritage character' and value. Social historians have frequently used the phrase in other ways. The idea of 'Queensland character' has two other major applications, in references to folklore and to literature more broadly, to the characterisation of Queensland regions in short stories, essays, poems, and novels. In this latter case, the literary function of the 'Queensland character' crept into the common Australian historiography. The history of Queensland was defined by a personable character.


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Modules, Rovers and Moon Rocks
What did it take to explore the lunar surface? The Apollo/Saturn V Center brings the global excitement of the Moon landings to life. Authentic artifacts and engaging exhibits showcase the innovation of NASA's Moon landing missions.
- Touch the Moon! Walk on our projected Moon surface and watch as your feet leave footprints behind you. Plus, touch an actual Moon rock – a sample brought back to Earth from Apollo 17.
- With interactive displays, explore the Moon and the six Apollo landing sites to learn more about each mission, the astronauts and interesting items they left behind.
- Learn how later Apollo missions used the lunar rover to navigate the foreign terrain.
- Included With Admission
- Only accessible via the Kennedy Space Center Bus Tour
- Allow 15 minutes including the Saturn V Rocket
- Return shuttle buses leave Apollo/Saturn V Center every 15 minutes and travel 20 minutes to the main visitor complex
- Wheelchair Accessible
PLAN YOUR MISSION
Make the most of your adventure with the best information to plan your visit.


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PEIRCE-HARALSON-RUMBLE FAMILY PAPERS
Abigail L. Dixon
CONTENTS OF INVENTORY
Named after her paternal grandmother Frances Temple Cordis (_PHONE_), Frances Temple Peirce was born in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1826. Her father, Constantius Peirce (1801-ca. 1839), was a descendant of a locally prominent Bostonian family. Her mother, Mary Steer (_PHONE_) was a resident of East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana, and was related by the marriage of her aunt, Katherine Lintot (_PHONE_), to the Minors, who owned plantations in both Louisiana and Mississippi. Frances Temple Peirce was one of six children born to the Peirces. Her siblings included Laura, Hamilton McRee (_PHONE_), Granville M. (b. 1827), Mary Steer (b. 1830), and Sarah Rowell (b. 1832).
Upon her mother's death, Frances Temple Peirce and her sisters were sent to live with Dr. Denny and his family. The Dennys were probably relatives of Frances' mother. They lived in Natchez, Mississippi, and it was here that Frances received her education.
In 1856, Frances Temple Peirce married Bertrand Haralson, Sr. (1823-ca. 1875) in East Baton Rouge Parish. Bertrand, son of Archibald Haralson (_PHONE_) and Therese Lodoiska Augustine Pont-Brieullet, was born to a well known political family in West Feliciana Parish. Following in his father's footsteps, Bertrand became a lawyer/politician and served as parish recorder (_PHONE_). While living in Baton Rouge, he worked as register for the State Land Office until at least 1859. Bertrand and Frances Haralson had five children: Archy (who died as a child), Frances (b. 1857), Zuleika (b. 1858), Bertrand, Jr. (_PHONE_), and Mary (b. 1864). Documents in the collection indicate that as of 1869, the family had relocated to West Feliciana Parish where Bertrand Haralson, Sr. later served as parish judge (_PHONE_). He died in 1875.
In 1888, Mary Haralson, Bertrand and Frances' youngest daughter, married Wilson Rumble (b. 1866) in Bayou Sara, Louisiana. Wilson Rumble was a grocer and cotton factor in business with Theodore Wensel. The couple settled in Natchez, Mississippi.
The next year, Bertrand Haralson, Jr. married Jennie Percy Wicher (b. 1864). Bertrand and Jennie lived in St. Francisville and had seven children: Wilson Rumble (b. 1888), Frances Bertrand (b. 1892), Mary Collins (b. 1894), Maud Mary (b. 1895), Percy Whicher (_PHONE_), Rosa Dashielle (_PHONE_), and Thomas Butler (1903). Although listed as a farmer in West Feliciana Parish in the 1900 census, Bertrand Haralson, Jr. also became a politician like his father. In 1892, he was appointed West Feliciana Parish assessor, and in 1901, he acted as the chairman of the Parish Democratic Executive Committee. He also served as an elected assessor (_PHONE_, _PHONE_). He held this title until his death in 1920 whereupon he was succeeded by his son Frances Bertrand Haralson.
Frances Temple Peirce Haralson lived in St. Francisville with her son, Bertrand Jr., and his family from 1888-ca. 1891. She then went to Natchez, Mississippi and stayed with her son-in-law and daughter, Wilson and Mary Rumble, until at least 1901.
Correspondence, legal papers, miscellaneous items, and genealogical materials covering the period _PHONE_ document the lives of members of the Peirce, Haralson, and Rumble families. The largest series of the collection consists of correspondence, primarily letters written to and from Frances Temple Peirce Haralson throughout her life, discussing news of family and friends in Natchez, Mississippi and West Feliciana Parish, Louisiana. Love letters between Wilson Rumble and Mary Haralson pertain to their pending marriage and expectations. Information is also included concerning Wilson's business, as well as social activities and economic conditions in Natchez. Legal papers relate chiefly to Bertrand Haralson, Sr. while a resident of Baton Rouge and West Feliciana Parish. The miscellaneous series includes items collected by or about members of the Peirce/Haralson families. Genealogical materials document the histories of the Blake, Cary, Curwen, Gardner, Lintot, Nolan, Pickering, and Wallop families. Also included in this series are printed items used to compile genealogical information.
See Related Online Exhibit: New From Old Natchez for images and more information on the Peirce, Haralson, and Rumble families.
I. Correspondence, _PHONE_, n.d. (box 1)
II. Legal papers, 1809, _PHONE_ (box 2, oversize folder 1)
III. Miscellaneous items, 1820, 1860, 1880, n.d. (box 2)
IV. Genealogical materials, ca. _PHONE_ (box 2)
I. Correspondence, _PHONE_, n.d. (45 items)
Correspondence of the Peirce, Haralson, and Rumble families relate to their lives in West Feliciana Parish, Louisiana and Natchez, Mississippi. A few early letters (_PHONE_) written by Samuel Steer, Frances Temple Peirce's uncle, are addressed to his maternal aunt, Katherine Lintot Minor of Concord Plantation near Natchez. They discuss family news and pending visits and voyages to relatives. Another early letter (1835) from Herndon Haralson to his son Jonathan, Archibald Haralson's brother, also gives news of the family, particularly concerning the lives of Jonathan's siblings. Also included are an undated letter and note, one of which is written in French, from Bertrand Haralson to his grandmother.
Early correspondence (_PHONE_) relating to Frances Temple Peirce Haralson consists mainly of letters from various family members including Constantius Peirce and Rebecca Minor. These letters document Frances' stay in Natchez following her mother's death and her engagement and marriage to Bertrand Haralson, Sr. Letters also offer gossipy accounts of social events and news of family members residing in Natchez, Mississippi. Topics discussed include family marriages, sickness, and domestic life.
Correspondence between Mary Haralson and Wilson Rumble, ranging in date from _PHONE_, primarily document their courtship, including a pre-marital quarrel. In addition to the couple's pending marriage and wedding gifts, letters also offer information concerning social life, their impressions of and interactions with African-Americans, and an 1888 fire in Natchez.
Later correspondence (_PHONE_) is comprised mostly of letters written by Frances Temple Peirce Haralson to her children. The topics discussed in the letters revolve predominantly around family news; particularly noteworthy is a letter of solace to Bertrand Jr. and Jennie Haralson concerning the death of their son, Percy, in 1895. In an undated letter to her daughter, Mary, Frances recounts a St. Francisville town fight that broke out between two local families and eventually resulted in bloodshed.
II. Legal papers, 1809, _PHONE_ (7 items)
Legal papers pertain mostly to Bertrand Haralson, Sr. and consist of certificates, letters, statements of sale, and official notices. Items relate to lands granted, sold, and confiscated. Other documents issued by the State of Louisiana document Bertrand Haralson Sr.'s professional certification and military appointment.
III. Miscellaneous items, 1820, 1860, 1880, n.d. (5 items)
Miscellaneous items consist mostly of printed materials pertaining to the Peirce family and include a death notice (1860), newspaper clipping, and biography (1880). Also included is a photograph of Frances Temple Peirce's paternal aunts (1820).
IV. Genealogical materials, ca. _PHONE_ (14 items)
Genealogical materials include typed notes and excerpts
copied from various sources such as genealogical dictionaries, family bibles, obituaries,
and marriage certificates. Materials document family lineage and include
narratives for the Blake, Cary, Curwen, Gardner, Lintot, Nolan, Pickering, and
Wallop families. Some, if not all, of
the items have been copied and annotated by Agnes Carpenter. Also included in
this series is a catalogue of genealogies from Goodspeed's Book Shop and a
booklet on The Massachusetts Society of the Colonial Dames of America, both of
which were probably used to compile gene


- en
A well-oiled operation
Automatic lubrication systems make jack-up vessels safer
It would be impossible to install offshore wind turbines without jack-up vessels. These are work and transport platforms on steel supports. In heavy seas, they simply extend their legs and let the waves pass underneath. It takes extremely heavy-duty hydraulic systems to lift these behemoths out of the water, but maintaining them manually is a dangerous task.
Ironically, when installing a wind turbine, wind makes things difficult. First you have to lay the foundations, then build the towers and finally fit the huge rotor blades. This would be almost impossible to achieve from a lurching ship. Wind farm contractors therefore deploy special ships known as jack-up vessels. They navigate to the construction site and dig their legs into the seabed when they are in position. Depending on the model, they have four to six supports, each over 80 meters in length. Once the feet are anchored, the ship is propelled out of the water by enormous cogs. A few days later, when its work is done, the ship is lowered again.
Material fatigue at sea could have catastrophic consequences.
Maintenance under extreme conditions
Maintaining the jack-up mechanism is an essential but complex process. After all, the legs are exposed to immense forces. If material fatigue occurs far out at sea, the consequences can be catastrophic. This is why it takes up to six people to lubricate the pinion on each leg when installing a jack-up system—sometimes in life-threatening conditions. "It is virtually impossible to apply the right amount of lubricant. Jacking systems are usually overor under-lubricated," says Markus Boose from SKF. In such conditions, metal meets metal, which can reduce the material's service life. This often occurs when the ships have to be raised and lowered every few hours, as is the case when installing offshore wind turbines.
A jack-up vessel installing a wind turbine
Reduced costs, prolonged service life
One solution to this problem is an automatic spray lubrication system that applies the right lubricant by using nozzles. This system always apply the correct amount of grease, at the precise angle to the teeth. Such automatic systems are easy to maintain and are already used in other industries, such as the cement industry, where they help keep the huge mills and kilns running by lubricating their open gear tooth flank. "Ship operators can reduce their lubricant costs and extend the service life of the lifting mechanism," says Boose. Even more importantly, they keep their crew safer.
The automatic lubrication system for jack-up rigs supplies a predefined amount of grease to the friction point. This helps to save costs, manpower, and maintenance resources on jack-up vessels.
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Walking the tightrope
Lubrication increases safety


Mock Trial Program
pexelsred-school-blur-factorycropThe Mock Trial Program is a comprehensive curricula that focuses on drug and alcohol prevention, bullying, violence prevention, and Internet Safety.
If you are interested in scheduling a Mock Trial Presentation at your school, please email us at:
The essential elements of the legal, and criminal justice systems are explained to the children. The program culminates by bringing the courtroom into the classrooms of elementary and middle school age children.
The program's focus is on decision-making, risk taking behavior, and explaining the legal and social consequences for one's actions. It involves members of the local law enforcement community in each city and town and encourages children to have more communication with their police department and professional educators. The staff of the District Attorney's Office works collaboratively with other members of law enforcement and with each schools professional educators.
The Mock Trial program is implemented in communities that wish to reinforce lessons that are also taught through Drug and Alcohol Resistance Education Programs and other anti-substance abuse courses. The program also places a strong emphasis on the legal consequences young people who make bad decisions will face. These programs are designed to be informative, educational, and fun.


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Molybdenum is a trace element found in a wide variety of foods. Foods that grow above ground - such as peas, leafy vegetables (including broccoli and spinach) and cauliflower - tend to be higher in molybdenum than meat and foods that grow below the ground, such as potatoes.
Foods particularly high in molybdenum include nuts, tinned vegetables, and cereals such as oats.
How much do I need?You should be able to get all the molybdenum you need from your daily diet.
What does it do?It helps make and activate some of the enzymes involved in repairing and making genetic material.
What happens if I take too much?Some evidence suggests taking molybdenum supplements might cause joint pain.
There isn't enough evidence to know what the effects might be of taking molybdenum supplements.
What is FSA advice?You should be able to get all the molybdenum you need by eating a varied and balanced diet.
The molybdenum we get from food isn't likely to be harmful.


Other Income on Form What Is It?
Definition of additional income, additional
 1. additional income in a sentence | Sentence examples by Cambridge Dictionary
 2. Если он останется здесь, на Земле, меня все время будет подмывать воспользоваться им и я потеряю покой.
 3. Пусть сон и не был необходим в Диаспаре, где жизнь не требовала никаких физических усилий, но здесь он был просто желанен.
 4. Income Definition
 5. Option 101 reviews
Updated May 14, What Is Income? Income is money or some equivalent value that an individual or business receives, usually in exchange for providing a good or service or through investing capital.
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Income is used to fund day-to-day expenditures. For individuals, income is most often received in the form of wages or salary. Business income can refer to a company's remaining revenues after paying all expenses and taxes. In this case, income is referred to as "earnings.
William Perez Updated November 29, Most forms of income have specific lines dedicated to them on the Form tax return.
Key Takeaways Income is money what an individual or business receives in exchange for providing labor, producing a good or service, or through investing capital. Individuals most often earn income through wages or salary.
The usual hypothesis, the law of demandis that the quantity demanded of x would increase at the lower price. The analysis can be generalized to more than two goods.
Businesses earn income from selling goods or services above their cost of production. Tax authorities treat income earned through various means differently.
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Lesser-known taxable income includes gambling income, bartering income, and jury duty pay. Discretionary income is the money that remains after paying all necessary expenses. For example, a family may use their discretionary income to make extra payments on their mortgage or save it for an unexpected expense.
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Disposable income is typically higher than discretionary income within the same household because expenses of necessary items are not removed from the disposable income. Both measures can be used to project the amount of consumer spending. However, either measure must also take into account the willingness of people to make purchases. Examples of Income For private individuals, ordinary income is usually only made up of the salaries and wages they earn from their employers pretax.
If he has no other income sources, this is the amount that would be taxed on his year-end tax return as gross income.
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For businesses, ordinary income is the pretax profit earned from selling its product or service. However, businesses are required to pay taxes quarterly.
Более того, значительная часть из тех, с кем ему случалось поговорить, смотрели на него с жалостью -- как на человека, ведущего беспросветно скучную и никчемную жизнь, хотя все они были достаточно вежливы, чтобы и вида не показать, что они думают именно. К Эристону и Итании -- опекунам Олвина -- Хилвар быстро потерял всякий интерес, увидев, что это добрые люди, но поразительные посредственности.
These include white papers, government data, original reporting, and interviews with industry experts. We definition of additional income reference original research from other reputable publishers where appropriate.
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You can learn more about the standards we follow in producing accurate, unbiased content in our editorial policy. Internal Revenue Service. Securities and Exchange Commission.
Passive Income: How I Make $7,200 A Month (5 Ways)


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Posted by Ebrahim-Khalil Hassen on June 3, 2011
Over 15 million potentially eligible voters did not cast their vote in the recent local government elections. This analysis compares the mid-year population estimates with the voters role.
A development worker in Cape Town pointed out that there was a significant gap between the potential number of voters, and those on the voter's role. It piqued my interest, and I asked a couple more community activists about this. They all confirmed the view that in their areas, the level of voter registration was low. Could this view from the ground be correct? The proposition is that they may exist – in the words of one of the community workers – "an excluded majority" not even on the voters roll. To explore this question, we have compared the voters roll with population estimates.
In sum, this exploration seeks to find out what proportion of the population are on the voter's roll. In undertaking this analysis, only official data has been utilised. These are:
- Indepedent Electoral Commission (IEC) reports on voter turnout by province were generated using the IEC's report generator;
- Statistics South Africa's Mid-Year Population Estimates (2010). The cut-off point in the data is at 20, which means that potential voters between 18 and 20 are not counted in these results. Including 18-20 year olds in the analysis would potentially increase the size of the so-called "silent majority".


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This webinar originally occurred on January 6, 2022
Duration: 1 hour
Since the development of early firearms in the mid-1200s, the best material for making critical parts for weapons has been iron-based metal. While iron and steel (an alloy metal that contains iron) are popular materials due to their strength and resilience, they are susceptible to chemical reactions when interacting with the environment. The most common chemical reaction of concern is corrosion or rust, which causes metal to deteriorate or dissolve. Corrosion and chemical reactions most often occur in wet and humid conditions. If firearms are not properly cared for or are left in these conditions, it could have adverse effects on the firearms' operability and could affect the firearms' individual characteristics.
While past research has been performed on the possibility of identifying characteristics on rusted firearms after they have been restored, there is little research on how long a firearm can be left to rust before an identification is no longer possible. Potential identification comparisons were performed on cartridge cases and projectiles after they were test fired through firearms that were left to rust for certain periods of time. This project evaluates the effects of rust on the common working surfaces of Glock and Smith & Wesson Sigma firearms that firearm examiners use to make an identification. The unpredictable data suggests that Glocks cannot be identified past three months of rusting while Sigmas can be identified at six months and possibly even longer.
Detailed Learning Objectives
- Attendees will learn the adverse effects of corrosion and rust on a firearm's operability and individual characteristics.
- Attendees will learn the length of time a firearm, both with conventional and polygonal rifling, can rust before individual characteristics are altered or changed enough to where an identification can no longer be made.
- Attendees will learn whether the amount of time a firearm has been rusting can be estimated based on the condition in which it was found.
- David Glatter | Forensic Firearms Examiner, Broward County Sheriff's Office Crime Lab, Fort Lauderdale, Florida
Funding for this Forensic Technology Center of Excellence webinar has been provided by the National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice.
The opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this webinar are those of the presenter(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of the U.S. Department of Justice.


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There are many different kinds of dolphin therapy. The simplest involve the child swimming with, touching or 'looking after' dolphins.
The more complex therapies, such as Dolphin-Assisted Therapy (DAT), are based on structured programmes which are supposedly designed to meet the needs of the individual child.
In DAT the child is encouraged to complete one or more pre-determined tasks, such as placing a ring on a peg or saying a word. If the child completes the task to a satisfactory standard, he or she is rewarded by being allowed to interact with a dolphin.
This interaction may include touching or kissing the dolphin, or getting into the water and taking a ride holding onto the dolphin's dorsal fin.
There is a limited amount of low quality, inconclusive research evidence on the use of dolphin therapy as a treatment for people with autism.
Dolphin therapy presents a number of ethical issues, and some physical threats, to both people and dolphins, which may be difficult to overcome. Of particular concern are the potential for aggressive behaviour by dolphins towards swimmers and the potential for disease transmission between humans and dolphins.
Alternatives to dolphin therapy are available, at a much lower financial cost and without the potential harm to the people and the dolphins involved.
Because of this we cannot recommend the use of dolphin therapy as a treatment for people with autism.Disclaimer
Last Updated : 05/04/2013 Back to Top


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Change detection, in the Remote Sensing discipline, is the analytical process that aims to detect changes -- over time and space -- of the land cover or/and land use.
PCA as a change detection technique
Among the most common and successful change detection practices, is the application of Principal Components Analysis (PCA) on bior multi-temporal multi-dimensional data (Lu et al., 2003).
What is PCA?
Principal Components Analysis (PCA) is a multi-dimensional linear transformation algorithm. It reconstructs a multivariate data set in a way that the first variables, called principal components (PCs), contain most of the original data variance. Thus, PCA provides the potential to describe or represent reliably a multi-dimensional data set by using fewer dimensions than the ones that compose the initial data set (Jolliffe, 2002).
How does it work?
PCA redirects the highest variances of the original data set, which mainly resemble unchanged landscape characteristics, in the first components. It is the user's responsibility to then extract changes by means of advanced digital image processing operations, i.e. image (segmentation and) classification.
PCA-based change detection using (G)FOSS
PCA is implemented in GRASS-GIS (i.pca module), R (princomp() and prcomp() functions), OrfeoToolbox, SAGA-GIS and probably more (Free &) Open Source Applications.
An example in-depth work, from which most of the above text has been extracted, demonstrates how to map burned areas -- which is essentially a change detection analysis -- based on PCA and GFOSS. Please, refer to this work for an extensive list of references upon the subject.
On the use of GRASS-GIS and R to perform PCA, there is a dedicated GRASS-wiki page titled Principal Components Analysis.
Jolliffe, I. T. (2002). Principal Component Analysis. Springer, 2nd edition. 28 illustrations.
Lu, D., Mausel, P., Brondizio, E., and Moran, E. (2003). Change detection techniques. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 25(12):2365.


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HESI Questions To Use For Practice
HESI practice questions are an ideal way to prepare for your upcoming HESI entrance exam. The HESI A2 Entrance Exam is used by many nursing schools and colleges as a factor in their admissions. Because of strong accreditation requirements for retention and pass rates, nursing schools are becoming increasingly more selective in the admissions. The best nursing schools will require superior HESI A2 test scores for admission into their programs.
The HESI A2 (Admissions Assessment) Exam has four general content exams, subject specific exams and two personality/learning style assessments. Virtually all schools that use the HESI, will require students to take the content exams in Math, Reading Comprehension, Grammar and Vocabulary. If your school has specific pre-requisites, then they may require you to take one or more of the subject area tests in Biology, Anatomy and Physiology, Chemistry and Physics. Some schools may also require you to take an assessment on learning styles and personality to help them determine your capacity as a student.
Sample HESI questions are a great way to familiarize yourself with the format and style of the test. Practice questions also allow you to see what areas you are strong on, and what areas you need to concentrate on. Some keys for the different exam sections are described below:
Math skills are critical for nurses. Every day, nurses are required to calculate IV drip rates, dosages, nutritional needs, intake and output, radiation limits and other items related to their patients. In order to make these calculations, nurses must be comfortablw with addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, proportions, conversions, ratios and decimals. For HESI related Math Practice, try our Sample HESI Math Questions.
Reading And Vocabulary
Nurses need to be able to communicate in written form to be effective. A patient's health care record is in written form, and includes information such as history, evaluation/assessment, diagnosis, treatment, care and outcome. To ace the reading and vocab sections of the HESI entrance exam, a student needs to be able to: identify a main theme (whether formally stated or implied), identify supporting details, understand the difference between opinion and fact, make logical inferences, and understand the meaning of health care related words in context. To brush up on your reading and vocab skills, try our HESI reading comprehension practice problems or our HESI vocabulary sample questions.
The use of proper grammar is one important mark of a professional nurse. If a nurse does not properly speak and write the English language with proper grammar, patients may assume that they are uneducated. The HESI entrance exam will assess a student's grammar by testing parts of speech, common grammatical errors and important terms and their uses in grammar. To prepare for your grammar test, try our HESI Practice Grammar Questions.
Many students have a lot of anxiety when it comes to preparing for the HESI. If you are anxious about this test, your best bet is to study with the right study guide and to practice with sample questions. Preparation for the HESI can absolutely raise your scores. If you are weak on math, focus on conversions, ratios and proportions. If vocabulary is not your strong point, make or buy flash cards that have nursing/healthcare related terms. If grammar is you weakness, brush up on grammar principles with online primers and study guides. Most importantly, however, is have a good attitude and confidence and you will do fine!


Question by Ed63 (10)
What is the electron configuration for an NA+ ion?
Answer by DogLady85 (171)
I'll have to be creative to make this an entire thirty whole words because the answer is a rather simple string of letters and numbers denoting the electron configuration: 1s2 2s2 2p6
Answer by Anonymous
teh answer is most definitly 1s2 2s2 2p6
Answer by shobby (42)
Atomic number of Sodium is 11. The electronic configuation of sodium is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1. In NA+ atomic number is 10, so the electronic configuration of NA+ is 1s2 2s2 2p6
You have 50 words left!


Tuesday, February 14, 2012
How to get changed properties for an entity in Entity Framework
Sometimes it can be useful to find exactly which entities that have been changed before saving to the database. The most basic for check for changes it to look at the EntityState property, but this does not indicate what properties that have been changed.
To get these changes we have to use the ObjectStateManager on ObjectContext. The ObjectStateManager handles the state of all entities, and can supplied a lot of other different state information about the entities.
First we always need to get the ObjectStateEntry for the entity, this a done by calling ObjectStateManager.GetObjectStateEntry.
TestEntities entities = new TestEntities();
// Query for entity and make some changes
// To get the object state entry
var stateEntry = entities.ObjectStateManager.GetObjectStateEntry(changedEntity);
To check which properties that have changed we just do
IEnumerable modifiedProperties = stateEntry.GetModifiedProperties();
We can also get all the original and current values for the entity using
CurrentValueRecord currentValues = stateEntry.CurrentValues;
DbDataRecord originalValues = stateEntry.OriginalValues;
These two objects can are accessed by column ordinal, which you may or may not know before, but luckily there is a method to get the ordinal from a column name. To get the current and/or original value for an entity, do the following
var currentValue = currentValues.GetValue(currentValues.GetOrdinal(propertyName));
var originalValue = originalValues.GetValue(originalValues.GetOrdinal(propertyName));
Not all properties are correctly marked as changed
When using this method to generate a custom audit trail, I discovered a weird behavior in Entity Framework. Everything but the primary key, are marked as modified even though it only was "changed" to the original value. And this does not work in an audit trail.
There are two ways to solve this either manual check if a property actually has been changed, or change to generate classes for the entities. The last solution are described in my previous post, Entity Framework should only mark really updated properties as modified
The other solution is to check if the current value equals the original value using the methods described above. An example could be
var stateEntry = objectStateManager.GetObjectStateEntry(entity);
var currentValues = stateEntry.CurrentValues;
var originalValues = stateEntry.OriginalValues;
var modifiedProperties = stateEntry.GetModifiedProperties();
foreach (string modifiedProperty in modifiedProperties)
 var currentValue = currentValues.GetValue(currentValues.GetOrdinal(modifiedProperty));
 var originalValue = originalValues.GetValue(originalValues.GetOrdinal(modifiedProperty));
 if (originalValue.Equals(currentValue))
 // Value not changed
 // Value changed
1 comment:
 1. Thanks, this made it very easy to implement and prevent the annoying save when nothing changed.
 We replaced line 9 with following since some DB values are Char and we trim before saving.
 if (originalValue.Equals(currentValue) || (originalValue.GetType() == typeof(string) && ((string)originalValue).Trim().Equals(((string)currentValue).Trim())))


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Sexual Orientation refers to an enduring pattern of emotional, romantic, and/or sexual attractions to men, women, or both. Research over many decades indicates that sexual orientation, for many individuals, falls along a range or continuum with opposite-sex attraction at one end of the spectrum and same-sex attraction at the other end. Social stigma may make it difficult for individuals who are exploring and/or questioning their sexual orientation to reach out for support. The Buffalo State College Counseling Center offers a safe, supportive environment for individuals to discuss and explore issues related to sexual orientation. In addition to individual counseling, the Counseling Center also offers a support group, Inside Out, for LGBT and questioning students.
About Our Services | About The Counseling Center | Buffalo State Cares: A Suicide Prevention Initiative | College Students and Mental Health | Meet The Counseling Staff | How To Make a Referral | Student Support | Violence on Campus: Education, Prevention, & Intervention | Concern About your Alcohol and Drug Use? | Coping with Trauma, Grief and Loss


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Until.NET 4.0 it was impossible to reliably create Windows Shell Extensions using.NET code. With improvements to the framework, it is now possible to use.NET to create these.Net shell extensions.
Shell Context Menus are COM servers that are registered in the system that allow the context menus of shell objects to be extended. This could be the context menu for a specific file type, such as *.txt files, file classes such as 'text files', drives, folders and more. The context menus can be used to provide advanced functionality that can be accessed quickly through Windows Explorer. For example you can create a Shell Extension that allows you to count the lines in any text file by right clicking on it and choosing 'Count Lines'.
You can find more about.Net shell extensions and code for creating custom context menus at _URL_