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Category Archives: Strokes
Today I'll show you how to make a stylized rope using Illustrator.
What You'll Be Making:
- Ellipse Tool
- Rotate Tool
1. A. Use the Ellipse Tool to draw a circle (by holding shift).
B. Draw a three circles vertically so they fit in the original circle. Thus each small circle has 33.333% the size of original circle.
C. Use the Shape-Builder Tool/Pathfinder to cut out a C-shape from all the combined shapes.
D. Copy and reflect the shape towards the other shape. Move the shapes as shown below.
2. A. Move several copies (of how many you want) down if such a way the C-Shapes will form an S shape. Lower the opacities of the shapes could help precisely move the C-shapes. Make a copy of some of the shapes for later.
B. Use the Shape-Builder tool to combine shapes into a rope-like structure as pictured below.
3. A. Move over two C-shapes to form an S-shape. Draw some black-filled circles inside the shapes' "hollow" centers as shown below.
B. Copy a circle over the left circle as show.
C. Select the circle's left anchor-point and delete it.
D. Select the semi-circle and click Shift+X to quickly switch the stroke and fills of the object so that the black fill will turn into a black stroke.
B. Click OK then press Cmd/Ctrl+D to transform again. Rotate the black-stroke object several times but stop till one copy is between the two black circles such that it touches both of them. Then rotate about the center of the other circle and make the angle -10° or so.
C. Rotate several times again and stop when the black-stroke object stops intersecting the S-shape object.
D. Delete the unnecessary parts (circles and s-shape) and group all the black-stroke objects together.
5. A. Copy over all the different parts that comprise the rope structure as pictured below.
B. Copy over and line up the black-stroke group under one other shape and select them both then right click and choose Make Clipping Mask.
C. Continue this clipping mask process for the other rope parts.
D. You should four separate clipped rope parts as seen below.
6. A. Add a black stroke to the rope structure.
B. Move over the clipped objects over to the rope structure. If their behind it (make sure it's still selected), right-click and choose Arrange>Bring to Front.
C. Continue to move over the clipped objects and rotate/reflect if necessary.
D. When your pieces are all in the right places, make a final color change if needed.
As I've been tasked with redesigning buttons/brochures, I have also been tasked to redesign the AVID 2011 T-shirts. Since the AVID team voted for a certain T-shirt design, I've been told to illustrate the design onto a computer version. I started this project today and this is its progress so far.
Look out for a tutorial tomorrow.
Today I will show you how to make a simple Olive Branch Symbol. As I mentioned before, there are different ways to recreate a symbol but I'll teach my own method first.
What You'll Be Making:
- Illustrator CS5
- Transform Tool
- Anchor Points
- Strokes Profile
1. A. Make a new document and make a circle using the Ellipse Tool with a black stroke or with any color you want.
B. Make the stroke thicker if needed and choose Width Profile 1 (looks like a doulbe-covnex lens shape) from the default profiles.
NOTE: If you're using different versions of Illustrator, use a long, thin triangle artbrush on a semi-circle.
2. A. Use the pen-tool to add two anchor-points on two sides (near the topmost anchor-point) of the circle (see picture for help).
B. Use the white arrow tool to select the topmost anchor-point and delete it. Your object should look like what you see below.
3. A. Draw somewhere else and away from the "stalk". Use the Ellipse Tool to draw a circle with some color fill and no stroke.
B. Use the white arrow to select the topmost anchor-point and move it up some significant distance.
4. A. When your selection is perfected, move up the texture layer above your working photograph layer. You will still see the dashed outline on top of all the layers.
B. With the anchor-point selected, click the button (that looks like a square with straight lines sticking out from its right and bottom side). This will convert the selected anchor-point to a "corner."
5. With the leaf perfected, move it on the bottom of our "stalk." Make sure to rotate it so it looks like it sticking out of the stalk. Copy this leaf onto the opposite side so it's equidistant from the center of the stalk.
6. A. With one leaf selected, go to Effect>Distort and Transform>Transform….
B. A window should show up. Input values and click preview to see what you're doing. Adjust the scale (vertical and horizontal) so it's less than 100%. Adjust the movement with a negative vertical value and a positive horizontal value. Adjust the rotation (positive value) as well. I recommend having 9 copies. Fine-tune the value to get an effect like you see below.
C. Transform the leaf on the other side as well. Switch the positive to negatives or vice versa if needed.
7. A. Go to Object>Expand appearance to expand all the leaves into individual objects.
B. You should see all the leaves having a blue outlining which indicates an editable object.
8. A. Add the same leaf shape above the original bottom leaf and rotate it so it looks like it sticks out of the stalk as well. Copy the leaf on the other side so it's equidistant from the center of the stalk like last time.
B. Add a transformation effect to it as well. Adjust the values as needed.
C. Add a transformation effect to the other side as well. Adjust the values as needed.
D. Expand the appearance for these two transformations as well.
9. Finally add the same leaf shape to tips of the stalk shape. Add some color to it if you want.
I hope you enjoyed this tutorial and learned something new.
This tutorial will show you how to make a Baseball icon which will resemble the one I used for my January calendar.
What You'll Be Making:
- Slight experience w/ Illustrator
1. A. Draw a circle with a white/gray fill. B. Draw curved secants on both sides of this circle.
2. A. Draw a shape such as an askew triangle (see picture below) and give a red fill (this will become our thread). B. Select this object, then go to Brush tab (click F5 to bring up the Brush Window) and click on the "New ___" symbol to create a new brush (see picture below). A window will pop up, choose the scatter brush option. C. A new window will pop up. For right now, just click OK.
3. A. Now select both of your curved paths. B. Then click on your new brush and you will get something as you would see below.
4. A. Go to the Brush window/tab and double-click your brush or click the Brush Settings button next to the new brush button. B. Now a window will pop up (that you've already seen). Click preview to see what you're doing and adjust the spacing, size, and rotation to your choosing but be sure to make the rotation relative to path. Then click OK.
5. A. Select the two paths and group them together. B. Draw a circle of the same size as our original and move it to the front. Then select that circle and the paths, then right-click and choose Create Clipping Mask.
6 A. Select both the circle and the clipped paths and add a Drop Shadow by going to Effect>Stylize>Drop Shadow. B. Adjust numbers to your choosing. C. If you've followed the steps right, you should've got something close to this.
I hope you've enjoyed this tutorial.


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David Lucas was a mezzotint engraver. The eldest of seven children, he was born in 1802 to Charles Lucas, a farmer and his wife, Sarah. Lucas was a pupil of S. W. Reynolds who was also a mezzotint-engraver.
David Lucas Biography
Lucas was born in Geddington Chase, Northamptonshire, and he became a pupil of Samuel William Reynolds after the chance encounter in 1820.
David Lucas moved to London as an apprentice and had produced his work by 1827.
David Lucas Life and His Work
In 1829, David Lucas moved to London to work as an apprentice and produced his own work by 1827.
Lucas was the protege of John Constable who was a reputed artist in the field. Constable had collaborated with Lucas numerous nubs of tamest illustrate 'chiaroscuro of nature'.
Facts About David Lucas
Lucas' meeting with Constable happened when the former presented two samples of mezzotint engraving to the latter, who was so impressed that he took him on as an assistant for Constable's book.
By 1829 Lucas knew John Constable, and he worked intensively on engravings for Constable's Various Subjects such as Landscape, the Characteristic of English Scenery from 1830 to 1832. After the Constable died in 1837, he continued to produce works for the family
The Proposed Appendix to English Landscape Scenery issued by Moon prints in 1838, was also an example of a single published.
Same as Lucas's 'Large Single Prints' and it prints from Lucas's New Series of Engravings, illustrative of English Landscape, from the Pictures of John Constable published in 1846
David Lucas Books
The book was is Constable's Various Subjects of Landscape, Characteristic of English Scenery for which Lucas worked from 1830 to 1832.
After Constable's death, Lucas continued to produce engravings and artwork for the family. He died in 1881 in a workhouse in Fulham.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Inclusion problems for one-counter systems
MetadataShow full item record
We study the decidability and complexity of verification problems for infinite-state systems. A fundamental question in formal verification is if the behaviour of one process is reproducible by another. This inclusion problem can be studied for various models of computation and behavioural preorders. It is generally intractable or even undecidable already for very limited computational models. The aim of this work is to clarify the status of the decidability and complexity of some well-known inclusion problems for suitably restricted computational models. In particular, we address the problems of checking strong and weak simulation and trace inclusion for processes definable by one-counter automata (OCA), that consist of a finite control and a single counter ranging over the non-negative integers. We take special interest of the subclass of one-counter nets (OCNs), that cannot fully test the counter for zero and which is subsumed both by pushdown automata and Petri nets / vector addition systems. Our new results include the PSPACE-completeness of strong and weak simulation, and the undecidability of trace inclusion for OCNs. Moreover, we consider semantic preorders between OCA/OCN and finite systems and close some gaps regarding their complexity. Finally, we study deterministic processes, for which simulation and trace inclusion coincide.


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LAWRENCE — A graduate student at the University of Kansas is the lead author on a recently published description of a new bird species, the Junin Tapaculo, found in the remote Andes Mountains of central Peru.
Following sightings by birders and leads fellow ornithologists, Peter Hosner, a doctoral student of ecology and evolutionary biology at KU, focused his fieldwork in Junin, a department in central Peru scarcely surveyed by ornithologists.
"We found the Junin Tapaculo in the field by its distinctive voice," Hosner said. "I'd spent a lot of time traveling and working with birds in the Andes before I enrolled at KU, and I had never heard anything like it before. We made voice recordings and collected specimens that are needed in all scientific species descriptions. Tapaculos are extremely difficult to identify, so at this point we weren't sure if it was a new species, or if we just happened to record a rarely given vocalization by an already described species."
Because discoveries of new birds are rare, Hosner thought the vocalization might be a new sound from a bird already known to science. However, upon returning to Kansas, his quest for more information on the bird yielded nothing. Museum searches, consultations with experts and searches for archival sound recordings all pointed to the idea that Hosner may have uncovered a new species.
"In one archive, I found that birders had recorded the same unusual vocalizations, but on a different road about five kilometers away from our study site," he said. "They had tentatively identified the recordings as a different species of tapaculo — a species which occurs in the same area. I also sequenced DNA and compared the sequences to known species. None matched. The appearance of the specimens, their unusual song and unique DNA convinced us it was new species — and I started writing up the description."
Hosner's paper on the new tapaculo appeared in the Wilson Journal of Ornithology last month. His co-authors are Town Peterson, professor of ecology and evolutionary biology and curator at the Biodiversity Institute at KU, Mark Robbins of KU's Biodiversity Institute, and Thomas Valqui of the Louisiana State University Museum of Natural Science and the Centro de Ornitologia y Biodiversidad in Lima, Peru.
Hosner said the Junin Tapaculo is small and uniform blackish in color. It is notable for its habit of sticking its tail straight up in the air. In appearance and behavior, the birds are similar to wrens, even though they are not closely related. They have been described as mouselike and photophobic.
"Tapaculos are recognized by ornithologists and birders as one of the most difficult bird families to observe in the field," said Hosner. "They tend to be found near the ground in areas of thick, tangled vegetation. They're active and almost never stop moving. Even if you can't see the birds themselves, you can usually locate them by the movement of vegetation in their wake. They're most easily seen by playing recordings of their songs to coax them out into the open. Because of this behavior, frustrated observers have suggested that tapaculos behave more like mice than they do birds."
The scientists report the bird's range is limited to a specific band of elevation within the Andes Mountains — between about 8,000 and 10,500 feet.
"The eastern slope of the Andes is steep and densely forested," said Hosner. "With increasing elevation, it gradually becomes colder and wetter, and the trees become shorter. These forests are commonly called 'cloud forests' because it's frequently foggy. They are constantly damp, and moss and epiphytes, like orchids and bromeliads, cover everything. They are some of the most beautiful forests in the world. Along with the vegetation, bird communities in the Andes change with elevation. Moving a few thousand feet up or down results in an almost completely different list of bird species. In Junin, we found six different species of tapaculos at different elevations, ranging from tall forest down low to grasslands above tree line."
However, asked what was the most difficult part of describing a new species — the first of his career — the young KU scientist didn't cite the bird's remote habitat or hard-to-find lifestyle.
"It's the associated paperwork," he said. "It's endless."


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Eco-Pesa, a program of Eco-Ethics International Union, is an alternative local currency used to reduce poverty, support environmental conservation, and stimulate the economy of the Kongowea sums in Mombasa, Kenya.
When I first heard of Eco-Pesa, the community-based currency being experimented with in the Kongowea slums of Mombasa, I knew I had to make Kongowea a stop for The BoP Project. I was skeptical at first, wondering why and how anyone would attempt to create an alternative form of currency in a slum, where there is hardly enough of even the official currency circulating around.
As I soon discovered, while wading through the flooded alleyways of Kongowea in a brief but intense downpour of November rain, Eco-Pesa was not some utopian currency with zero value intent on replacing the Kenyan Shilling. It was created specifically to try and keep more of the national currency circulating within the community, while at the same time promoting youth-driven environmental sustainability.
Eco-Pesa, developed by Peace Corps alum Will Ruddick as a program of Eco-Ethics International Union, acts as a business voucher that can be exchanged for local goods and services at registered businesses in Kongowea. Its main goal is to keep money, and donor funding, continuously flowing within the community instead quickly leaving through purchases outside of the slums.
The Eco-Pesa vouchers are introduced into the Kongowea economy in two ways;
First, local businesses can register with Eco-Pesa and purchase the vouchers with Kenyan Shillings from the Eco Pesa Kiosk, which is opened twice a week. Each Eco-Pesa is backed by its equivalent value in Shillings (1 Eco-Pesa = 1 Kenyan Shilling), and can always be redeemed for Kenyan Shillings at no penalty.
Second, local youth are paid in Eco-Pesa by Eco-Ethics International for local trash collection & tree planting in Kongowea. While paying youth for trash collection is clearly not a financially self-sustaining solution, Eco-Ethics sees the payments for these services in Eco-Pesa as a way to implement their donors funds in a responsible way (they call it Responsible Aid). Eco-Pesa allows full accountability for each dollar donated and ensures it stays within the targeted community.
After only four months of circulation, Eco Pesa has achieved modest success in the small section of Kongowea in which it has been launched. Over 70 businesses, including water vendors, food vendors, barber shops, schools, and small general shops, are accepting and using the currency. The Eco-Ethics team has also paid local youth in Eco-Pesa for collecting over 20 tons of trash in the community and planting thousands of trees, which will be used green the slums and develop a profit-generating business for the youth.
So far, the impact of Eco-Pesa on Konogwea is not yet clear. Most businesses accepting Eco-Pesa do report an increase in business, but there is much number crunching and analytics to be done if Eco Pesa wants to determine exactly how many local transactions they are responsible for stimulating.
The long-term goal of Eco-Pesa is to slowly expand the currency to more neighborhoods of Kongowea, eventually introducing it in Kongowea Market, the largest market in Mombasa, just a few kilometers away. This would provide a greater range of goods and services available for purchase through Eco-Pesa, while at the same time open up the Eco-Pesa program to a host of other opportunities. For example, nearby resorts and hotels could exchange Kenyan shillings for Eco-Pesa, and tap into the eco-tourism market emerging around the world by encouraging tourists to shop responsibly.
Eco-Pesa is also working to collaborate with a local Kenyan Micro-Finance Bank, to begin issuing small business Eco-Pesa loans to the Kongowea community.
Eco-Pesa is an innovative experiment in the making, and if successful, has the potential to be a model that is replicated and implemented in slums around the world. Being hardly four months old, it will take some time to evaluate the impact, develop metrics, and understand how the currency is flowing within the community. Keep posted on The BoP Project, and _URL_ for updates on the program.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Florida leads the country in one of the highest rates of serious car accidents. Recent reports by the Insurance Institute of Highway Safety (IIHS) indicated nearly 400,000 Florida motor vehicle accidents occurred in one year. In addition to about 3,000 fatal injuries, over 40% of the accidents resulted in non-deadly severe injuries. These injuries and fatalities often leave the victim and their families with high medical costs. The financial repercussions of these accidents can present lifelong burdens for victims. Car accident victims can recover compensation from different avenues.
Under Florida's no-fault insurance rules, all insured drivers may recover damages for medical bills regardless of fault. The law requires motorists to obtain at least 10,000 in Personal Injury Protection (PIP) coverage. PIP is intended to compensate injury victims for their medical expenses after an accident. However, this coverage typically only covers 80% of a victim's medical costs. Further, injury victims must meet the strictest rules regarding medical treatment. Victims must receive treatment from a qualified medical professional within 14 days of the collision. If a victim's injuries or medical conditions do not meet a qualifying condition, the insured may not be able to draw the entire amount of coverage.
In situations where a victim does not maintain PIP coverage or exhausts the limits, they must make a claim through their private insurer. However, patients must still pay their co-pays and deductibles. These amounts may be high in many cases, especially if the victim requires significant inpatient or recurring outpatient treatment.
Motorists in Florida rarely encounter winter-weather driving conditions; however, the current weather episodes throughout the southern United States highlight the importance of being prepared for all driving conditions. Florida leads the nation with one of the highest rates of car accidents in the country. These accidents can result in serious and fatal injuries to drivers, passengers, and bystanders. Drivers should take steps to understand how weather can affect road and driving conditions.
Ice storms and accumulation presents drivers with some of the worst driving conditions. Icy roads tend to occur after snow accumulation or freezing rain. The snow that is not cleared can melt and refreeze, resulting in patches of black ice. Motorists approaching ice or potential black ice should refrain from slamming on their brakes. Instead, if a driver finds themselves skidding or sliding on ice, they should steer in the same direction as their front tires. After regaining control, the driver can slowly steer the car in the direction they want to go in. Quickly jerking the steering wheel can cause the vehicle to spin and veer off the road.
Snow and slush can also cause drivers to experience dangerous road conditions. The dangers are heightened when city officials have not cleared and treated the road. Many southern states, including Florida, are not equipped with proper snow removal equipment. The lack of prompt removal can cause the snow to become heavy and wet, causing drivers to experience additional hazards.
A district court of appeal recently issued an opinion in a Florida car accident lawsuit against a driver and his employer. The case stems from injuries the plaintiff suffered when the defendant rear-ended him at a red light. The plaintiff filed a negligence lawsuit against the driver and a vicarious liability claim against the driver's employer. The trial court bifurcated the defendant's trials and declined to exclude evidence of the employee's intoxication during the compensatory damages phase. As such, the plaintiff's attorney addressed the employee's intoxication during his opening and closing statements. Further, during the trial, the plaintiff presented several medical experts.
At issue is the plaintiff's attorney's friendship with one of the medical experts he presented. On appeal, the defendants allege that the trial court erred in allowing the employee's intoxication and the court's limitation on their cross-examination of the relationship between the medical expert and attorney. The court ordered a new trial based on the trial court's error in allowing evidence of the defendant's intoxication. They found that the inquiry was substantially prejudicial and lacked relevancy. As such, they addressed the trial court's decision to limit the defense's examination of the plaintiff's experts.
The trial court did not permit the presentation of some of the plaintiff's expert witnesses because of an untimely designation issue. However, the issue occurred because the plaintiff waited until the day before the trial to make the expert's initial designations. The appeals court reasoned that this action placed the defendant at a disadvantage because they could not present certain parts of the deposition. Further, the court found that in situations where attorneys elect to use their personal friends as experts, they should expect inquiries into their relationship. Therefore, the court should permit the defense to question the relationship and address any issues of bias.
Recently, a medical malpractice plaintiff appealed a trial court's order granting summary judgment in favor of a hospital system. The case arose when the plaintiff visited a Florida hospital for appendicitis and an abscess. An on-call surgeon met with the plaintiff; however, the plaintiff felt uneasy with the surgeon and requested another doctor. The next doctor was not available until the next morning, so the plaintiff proceeded with the surgeon. The plaintiff requested antibiotics after the surgery, but the surgeon explained that they were unnecessary. However, the plaintiff suffered a serious postoperative infection. He filed a lawsuit against the doctor and the hospital. The hospital argued that the doctor was an independent contractor, and not an employee or agent of the hospital.
Under Florida's vicarious liability laws, an employer may be liable for the negligence of the employees committed within their employment scope. In cases involving hospitals and independent contractor physicians, a hospital may still be liable if the hospital "cloaked her with apparent authority to act on its behalf." Apparent agency exists if the plaintiff can establish three elements.
The three elements of an apparent agency inquiry are:
Trains provide commuters and leisure travelers with an efficient and convenient way to travel to their destinations. However, traveling on railroads or through train tracks can present significant dangers to passengers and road users. Those who suffer injuries in a Florida train accident, should contact an experienced attorney to parse out the complex issues that these cases present.
Railroads pose serious public safety issues, which can lead to severe injuries or death. There are many reasons that railroad accidents occur, and many involve systemic negligence or operator error. Despite the prevalence of safety issues, many large train companies have implemented barriers to recovery. For instance, Amtrak, imposes mandatory arbitration agreements on ticket holders who claim negligence against the company. The unique structure of many train companies makes recovery difficult.
There are many reasons that a train accident may occur. The most common causes of Florida train accidents are operator error, distraction, track defects, train malfunctions, defective equipment, and rail-crossing errors. However, in some instances, the exact cause of the accident may be confounding. For example, a recent news report described a fatal Florida train accident. Deputies reported that an Amtrak train hit a truck in Plant City, Florida. The train crew told investigators that when they noticed the truck, they blew the train's horn several times to indicate that the train could not slow down. However, the truck did not clear the railway in time. The truck driver was pronounced dead at the scene of the collision.
The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), recently provided an update on traffic safety during the national health crisis. The research team collected data from five locations, including Jacksonville, Florida, and Miami, Florida. The findings reported first-quarter data regarding Florida motor vehicle fatality rates. The data found that car accident fatality rates increased, even though the overall number of traffic accidents decreased during the past several years. Additionally, statistics showed an increased prevalence of drug and alcohol use among those who suffered serious or fatal injuries in accidents.
During the beginning of the COVID-19 public health emergency, driving patterns changed drastically, as many people lost their jobs or began working from home. The figures demonstrated that those who remained on the road during the crisis were engaged in riskier behavior. Some of the behavior included speeding, failure to wear seat belts, and driving while impaired. Compared to the previous six months, the proportion of those who tested positive for opioids or marijuana significantly increased during this time.
The NHTSA stressed the importance of seat belt use, as seat belts are one of the most critical safety features in vehicles. Ejection data shows that seat-belted occupants are far less likely to be thrown from a vehicle. The study indicated a decrease in seat belt use during the first period of the public health crisis. Although seat belt use increased slightly later on during the crisis, the overall number was below the level before the emergency.
Personal injury lawsuits, especially those involving trucks, often entail various complex issues and multiple parties. Those injured in a Florida trucking accident, should seek representation from an attorney to protect their rights and help pursue their remedies.
Trucking accidents tend to result in the most severe injuries and significant damages. Although some accidents are unavoidable, most Florida trucking accidents are due to one or more parties' negligence or recklessness.
Truck manufacturers, trucking companies, loaders, and drivers, all maintain a duty to ensure that they act safely in the manufacture, training, securing, loading, and operation of their vehicles. A failure at any of these steps may result in serious dangers to anyone in the vicinity of the truck. People often attribute accidents to a defect in the truck itself or truck driver operation error; however, many Florida trucking accidents occur because of insecure cargo that becomes detached while the truck is in motion.
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Although people are generally familiar with the stages of a criminal lawsuit, there tends to be an extraordinary amount of misinformation and confusion regarding Florida civil lawsuits. There are many critical stages of a civil lawsuit that can significantly impact a plaintiff's avenue for recovery after an accident. Individuals should contact an attorney at the onset of their lawsuit to ensure that they maintain the


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Swiss company aims to fly satellites into space
By Ben Coxworth
March 15, 2013
If you want to launch a satellite in the usual way – on top of a rocket – it will typically cost you at least US$50,000,000. Newly-inaugurated aerospace firm Swiss Space Systems (S3), however, claims that it will be able to put your small satellite into orbit for about 10.6 million bucks. Why so cheap? S3 is planning on flying satellites into space, using an airliner and an unmanned shuttle.
The launch system would incorporate an Airbus A300, an existing commercial aircraft that's already certified for zero gravity flights. Mounted on the back of the A300 would be the shuttle, and contained within it would be a satellite weighing no more than 250 kilograms (551 lbs).
The airliner would take off from a designated spaceport, and release the shuttle at an altitude of 10,000 meters (32,808 feet). The shuttle would then start its engines and climb up to 80 kilometers (50 miles), at which point the satellite would be launched from its cargo bay. From there, the satellite's upper stage engine would take it into orbit, while the shuttle would glide back down to the spaceport for reuse.
According to S3, not only would its system require considerably less fuel than conventional rocket launches, but also – if need be – the launch could be called off at any point, with the shuttle returning to earth still carrying its payload. Additionally, because the A300 could take off from any runway capable of accommodating it, multiple spaceports could be established in a variety of locations around the world. This means that clients wouldn't need to transport their satellites great distances in order to have them launched.
The first of these spaceports is planned to open in the Swiss city of Payerne by 2015, with the first test launches scheduled to take place by the end of 2017. Additional ports are planned for Malaysia and Morocco, with other locations pending.
Virgin Galactic is said to be working on a similar system, in which satellites would be flown to a launch altitude aboard the company's WhiteKnightTwo aircraft. Stratolaunch Systems also has something in the works, although it will require the construction of the largest aircraft ever flown.
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Putting a new spin on galaxies: Horace W. Babcock, the Andromeda Nebula, and the dark matter revolution
Vanderburgh, William L.
MetadataShow full item record
Vanderburgh, William L. 2014. Putting a new spin on galaxies: Horace W. Babcock, the Andromeda Nebula, and the dark matter revolution. Journal for the History of Astronomy, vol. 45:pg 141-159:pt. 2
When a scientist is the first to perform a difficult type of observation and correctly interprets the result as a significant challenge to then-widely accepted core theories, and the result is later recognized as seminal work in a field of major importance, it is a surprise to find that that work was essentially ignored by the scientific community for thirty years. Such was the fate of the doctoral research on the rotations of the Andromeda Nebula (M31) conducted by Horace Welcome Babcock (1912–2003), who went on to become a very prominent astronomer — in an entirely different sub-field, never working on the subject of his dissertation again. This paper seeks to explain the 'non-reception' of Babcock's work on galactic dynamics and the reasons he did no further work in that sub-field. In particular this paper shows that, contrary to the claims of some commentators, the non-reception of Babcock's work should not be understood as an example of the unjust treatment of a young scientist by the conservative establishment.
Click on the DOI link to access the article (may not be free).


Why You Should Stop YAML Engineering
Chase Douglas
Here's some sample JavaScript code:
let foo = 5;
Do you know register held the value 5 when executing that code? Do you even know what a register is or what are plausible answers to the question?
The correct answer to this question is: No, and I don't care. Registers are locations in a CPU that can hold numerical values. Your computing device of choice calculates values using registers millions of times each second.
Way back when computers were young people programmed them using assembly languages. The languages directly tell CPUs what to do: load values into registers from memory, calculate other values in the registers, save values back to memory, etc.
Between 1943 and 1945, Konrad Zuse developed the first (or at least one of the first) high-level programming languages: Plankalkül. It wasn't pretty by modern standards, but its thesis could be boiled down to: you will program more efficiently and effectively using logical formulas. A more blunt corollary might be: Stop programming CPU registers!
A Brief History Of Computing Abstractions
Software engineering is built upon the practice of developing higher-order abstractions for common tasks. Allow me to evince this pattern:
1837 — Charles Babbage: Stop computing by pencil and paper! (Analytical Engine)
1938 — Conrad Zuse: Stop computing by hand! (Z1, first electrical computer)
1950 — UNIVAC: Stop repeating yourself! (UNIVAC 1101, first computer with programs stored in memory)
1985 — Bjarne Stroustrup: Stop treating everything like primitives! (C++ language, introduced object-oriented-programming to the C language)
1995 — James Gosling: Stop tracking memory! (Java language makes garbage collection mainstream)
2006 — Amazon: Stop managing data centers! (AWS EC2 makes virtual servers easy)
2009 — Ryan Dahl: Stop futzing with threads! (Node.js introduces event/callback-based semantics)
2011 — Amazon: Stop provisioning resources manually! (AWS CloudFormation makes Infrastructure-As-Code easier)
2014 — Amazon: Stop managing servers! (AWS Lambda makes services "functional")
Software engineers are always finding ways to make whatever "annoying thing" they have to deal with go away. They do this by building abstractions. It's now time to build another abstraction.
2018: Stop YAML Engineering!
The combination of infrastructure-as-code and serverless apps means developers are inundated with large, complex infrastructure templates, mostly written in YAML.
It's time we learn from the past. We are humans who work at a logical, higher-order abstraction level. Infrastructure-as-code is meant to be consumed by computers. We need to abstract away the compiling of our logic into infrastructure code.
That's what Stackery does. It turns this...
...into Serverless Application Model (SAM) YAML without asking the user to do anything more than drag and wire resources in a canvas. Stackery's own backend is over 2,000 lines of YAML. We wouldn't be able to manage it all without a tool that helps us both maintain and diagram the relationships between resources. It even performs this feat in both directions: you can take your existing SAM applications, import them into Stackery, and instantly visualize and extend the infrastructure architecture.
You may be a principal architect leading adoption of serverless in your organization. You may be perfectly capable of holding thousands of lines of infrastructure configuration in your head. But can everyone on your team do the same? Would your organization benefit from the automatic visualization and relationship/dependency management of a higher-order infrastructure-as-code abstraction?
As can be seen throughout the history of software engineering, the industry will move (and already is moving) to abstract away this lower level of engineering. Check out Stackery if you want to stay ahead of the curve.
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Definitions of confessor
n. - One who confesses; one who acknowledges a fault, or the truth of a charge, at the risk of suffering; specifically, one who confesses himself a follower of Christ and endures persecution for his faith. 2
n. - A priest who hears the confessions of others and is authorized to grant them absolution. 2
The word "confessor" uses 9 letters: C E F N O O R S S.
No direct anagrams for confessor found in this word list.
Words formed by adding one letter before or after confessor (in bold), or to cefnoorss in any order:
s - confessors
All words formed from confessor by changing one letter
Browse words starting with confessor by next letter


The Mid Atlantic Ridge and the Mantle Convection Rolls Below
If the Reykjanes Ridge is supposed to have convection rolls at each side, then they can be extrapolated farther. The mantle is half molten and does not behave like the rigid surface. Therefore, the convection rolls must be continuous. Then, the same shape must prevail all the way.
Mid Atlantic Ridge Convection Rolls Division Line
The Mid Atlantic Ridge itself makes some side-jumps, and is swaying a bit irregularly. Still, the calculated convection rolls division line does cross the ridge itself at 32°N and at equator. This is something to think about, because the system is found to converge around 32°N, whereas the convection rolls there are oriented exactly north-south. At 0°, the fact that horizontal flow Coriolis effect shifts from right hand turn to left hand turn, explains the consistency of distance between main topographic features. In this case, the distance from center of Atlantic is exactly 30° to both S-America and Africa. That means of course, that the width from coast to coast of the Atlantic Ocean along equator is exactly 60°. Not strange, because each convection roll of lower mantle spans 30° from east to west.
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Adaptive reduced -rank linear equalization for the forward link in wideband DS -CDMA
This thesis deals with synchronous Direct-Sequence CDMA transmission using orthogonal channel codes in frequency selective multipath, motivated by the forward link in 3G CDMA systems. The chip-level MMSE estimate of the (multi-user) synchronous sum signal transmitted by the base, followed by a correlate and sum, has been shown to perform very well in heavily loaded systems, compared to the conventional RAKE receiver. We present a reduced-rank, low-complexity approximation of the full-rank, chip-level minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) based on the multistage nested Wiener filter (MSNWF), introduced by Goldstein and Reed. We show that, with perfect channel knowledge, only a small number of stages is needed to achieve near full-rank BER performance over a practical SNR range. We then implement a symbol-level adaptation that trains the equalizer coefficients on the code-multiplexed pilot symbols after despreading. Adaptive MSNWF operating in a low rank subspace exhibits very good convergence characteristics with low sample-support and yields error rates comparable to RLS, and significantly superior to RAKE. An important advantage of the MSNWF is that it can be implemented in a "lattice-structure" which involves much less computation than RLS. ^ We also introduce structured MMSE equalizers that exploit estimates of the multipath arrival times and the underlying channel structure. Due to the sparseness of wideband CDMA multipath channels, the channel vector lies approximately in a subspace spanned by a small number of columns of the pulse shaping filter convolution matrix. The data vector is projected onto this low-rank subspace to construct a structured equalizer. We demonstrate that the performance of these structured low-rank equalizers is much superior to unstructured equalizers in terms of convergence speed and error rates. We then extend our investigation of adaptive MMSE equalizers to time-varying channels, and show that the structured low-rank MMSE equalizer is capable of adequately tracking time-variations in the fading channel for normal vehicular speeds. ^
Major Professor: Michael D. Zoltowski, Purdue University.
Engineering, Electronics and Electrical
Off-Campus Purdue Users:
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8 Ways to Improve the Customer Experience in Banking
By November 29, 2018 December 29th, 2020 CCG Financial Services Marketing Blog
Best practices to help build, strengthen and maintain profitable customer relationships.
Today's consumers expect to interact with their financial institutions in the same ways they interact with other establishments — whenever and wherever it's most convenient for them. If they don't find what they need, they often go elsewhere. In light of these expectations, and the increased competition for wallet share, many banks are scrambling to make customer experience a higher priority.
While many banks have placed more emphasis on improving customer service in recent years, that's not quite the same thing. Improving the customer experience in banking requires financial institutions to shift from a focus on internal benefits, like selling products and cost cutting, to customer benefits — like simplicity, convenience and responsiveness. Customer experience (also known as CX) is built throughout the customer journey and encompasses the customer's impression of your brand as a result of every interaction.
The Difference Between Customer Service and Customer Experience in Banking
The primary goal of customer service is to help customers resolve specific issues. When done effectively, it can greatly impact a customer's overall experience with your brand. While customer service and customer experience are different, both are important parts of a strategic financial marketing plan. According to Gartner, customer service is not the totality of customer experience. Rather, the service experience is just one component of the set of elements that comprise the overall customer experience.1
8 Tips to Improve the Customer Experience in the Banking Industry
As consumer buying habits shift, and technology trends enable 24/7 access to products and services, embracing a more customer-centric mindset can differentiate your brand, help you stand out from the competition and strengthen customer relationships. Here are eight strategies to help focus on and enhance the banking customer experience.
1. Empower your employees.
Make it a company-wide initiative to provide every employee with the tools and resources to answer a customer question accurately or find the information quickly. For example, ensure that employees know how (and where) to locate information and provide immediate answers to a customer question.
2. Become a source of valuable, helpful information.
Invest in content marketing to build trust and strengthen relationships by educating customers about relevant topics without directly selling. For example, include content on your website and through other channels (like emails, social media and direct mail) on topics such as "how to build a budget" or "retirement planning steps." Increase engagement opportunities by creating an easy-to-access digital library with personal finance topics organized by life stage. Create value-added content that helps customers answer a question or solve a problem, such as "tips for buying and selling a house at the same time."
3. Embrace technology and digital tools.
Replace outdated systems with current technology tools that help deliver more personalized, timely and relevant information. Keeping up with advances in technology can feel overwhelming — not to mention expensive. You can mitigate the stress by focusing on the tech tools that make life easier and more convenient for your customers, such as mobile payments and deposits.
4. Leverage your data to create personalized customer experiences.
Use data to segment your different audiences by life stage, needs, demographics or other factors. Then target the various groups with information that's most likely to resonate with them. For example, deliver HELOC offers to homeowners with enough equity, or share information about college savings plans with new parents. Be sure to include related value-added content with product or service offers so customers can see how it works. For instance, an article on "home remodel projects that deliver the highest ROI" would be appropriate for the home equity audience segment.
The more you're able to segment and personalize your customer communications, the more likely customers will feel valued and compelled to respond to your offers. And that will have a direct impact on their overall experience with your brand.
5. Provide consistent information across channels and touchpoints.
Ensure that however customers decide to engage with your brand, whether it's on their phone or inside your branch, they can find what they're looking for, and information is consistent and up-to-date. Pay special attention to your website and mobile app, making sure that pages are easy to view and navigate. Consider enhancing the customer experience even more by providing quick access to account information, as well as convenient self-service tools, like the ability to reset a password.
6. Let customers engage with your brand whenever and wherever they prefer.
Consumers want 24/7 access to their accounts from whatever method they choose. Make it easy for them to conduct banking when it's convenient for them, which might be at night and on weekends when the branch is closed.
In addition, make it easy and convenient for customers to not only access your channels but also tell you what and when they want to hear from you. An online preference center lets customers tell you which types of information they want to receive from you, how often and on which channels. Preference center best practices include offering a list of preferred communications channels for customers to choose from, such as email, postal mail, online and mobile; and frequency, such as weekly, bi-weekly or monthly. Include a list of categories to select, such as product updates, bank news and personal finance tips.
Make it easy for customers to find your preference center by including links and calls to action on emails, your website and even printed communications.
7. Include engagement opportunities at every step of the customer journey.
Look for ways to create value for the customer with every interaction, from consideration, to account opening to onboarding and retention. As we mentioned above, data can help you view and manage a customer journey in a proactive way, allowing you to better target customers with products and services they're most likely to want and need at each step on the path. And don't underestimate the importance of the personal touch, such as incorporating a series of personalized welcome emails or recognizing a customer on their birthday.
8. Make customer experience part of your overall financial marketing strategy.
According to The Financial Brand, nearly 100 percent of financial institutions consider customer experience a priority, yet less than 40 percent have a formal plan. Stand out from the pack by making customer experience an institution-wide priority by creating a customer experience plan that implements the tactics and strategies above.
A Positive Banking Customer Experience Builds Loyal, Long-Term Relationships
With increased competition comes greater customer choice for banking services and products. Yet research today repeatedly shows that customer experience is poised to overtake price — and even product selection — when it comes to giving your brand a competitive advantage. By focusing on the customer and ensuring that customer experience is equally good regardless of channel or touchpoint, you'll be on track to stay competitive and build trust and long-term loyalty.
1 "Know the Difference Between Customer Experience and Customer Service," Jordan Bryan, Gartner, posted Feb. 14, 2018, _URL_ accessed Oct. 24, 2018
The increase in competition and evolving customer expectations make creating and implementing a winning customer experience and engagement strategy more important than ever. CCG's financial marketing experts, analysts and creatives work hand-in-hand to help you build stronger customer experiences that lead to healthier bottom lines.
Our comprehensive suite of financial marketing solutions & services includes customer data, analytics and research, digital and interactive services, and content and creative.
Click below to schedule a free consultation or call _PHONE_.
Greg Sultan
Author Greg Sultan
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3D MUD™ SYSTEM:
MULTIPLE GEOSPATIAL SOLUTIONS
Auracle is an infrastructure monitoring company with a 3D remote satellite monitoring system, the 3D MUD™ System, that provides continuous measurement and surveillance data across a wide range of sectors, including pipeline and gas right of ways, transportation networks and waste landfills.
Detect subsurface geohazards that impact design of infrastructure right of ways, and other critical transportation networks.
Monitor the impact of land subsidence and uplift under the earth on assets and and infrastructure for early warning of potential threats.
COMPLY WITH ESG REGULATIONS
PLANNING AND DESIGN
Monitor the impact of underground structural movement on assets and and infrastructure for early warning of potential threats.
MONITOR LEVEE, DAM AND DYKE SYSTEMS
Our system satisfies the demand for corporate responsibility by detecting, mapping and monitoring the impact of structural movement on pipelines, mines, roads, bridges, tailing dams, and dyke systems.
Monitoring the surface and subsurface for geohazards allows early detection of subtle movements before problems escalate to impact operations, threaten public safety or damage the environment.
MODEL AND COLLABORATE
Model subsurface geohazards and competent subsurface structures without a footprint.
Understand the phreatic zones and impact these zones can pose on your project area and surrounding infrastructure.
Integrate drill data and other data types to produce a more complete model.
MONITOR YOUR ASSETS
Surveille ROWs to detect ground movement, bank erosion, encroachment and loss of cover that may impact critical infrastructure.
Augment visual inspections to reduce operator error with customizable monitoring programs.
Our 3D geospatial technology replaces point or grid based surveys that require countless points that may not precisely detect displacement or deformation under the earth's surface.
MONITOR LARGE AREAS
MONITOR OVER TIME
OPEN YOUR EYES TO UNDERWATER ASSETS
Auracle'S geotechnical services provide highly accurate SAR radar-derived underwater 3D models, specializing in ports, rivers, and lake bottoms.
These 3D models replace manual surveys of lakes and rivers, making remote monitoring, more timely and cost-effective.
Get a satellite view while monitoring surface, subsurface and underwater movement well in advance of catastrophic events with revolutionary measurement as little as 2 mm and in 3D.
DETECT AND MONITOR ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION
Monitor contaminated industrial sites to analyze the impact on the environment overtime.
Use our advanced spectral analyses that detect vegetation stress associated with environmental contamination.
Identify remediation needs and measure effectiveness and regulatory compliance.


text:
with the new source, we'd simply select the second frame. FotoMorph lets us select a rate of 10, 15, 20, 25, or 30 frames per second for durations at increments of 1/4 second up to 60 seconds; and if we select 25 frames per second for 1/4 second, we get a six-frame export (it should technically be 6.25 frames, but in practice the software appears to treat it as exactly six). So here are our six frames, with fractions showing what proportion of each frame represents the new source:
So those are the latest techniques I've hit upon for face averaging. In this post, I've focused on explaining and illustrating the techniques themselves without worrying too much about the value of my subject matter. Once I've had a chance to export more of the individual warped source images from my existing FaceMixer projects, however, I hope to be able to share some more interesting results.
Addendum: As I mentioned above, I'm not optimistic about any improvements being made to the FaceMixer software itself, but just in case, here's a list of recommended changes and new functionalities I'd recommend:
- Provide an option for saving prepared faces in the Face Library bundled together with copies of their source images, so that deleting or moving the source images from their original locations won't affect these.
- Let users select and add multiple faces from the Face Library to a project all at once, rather than only one at a time; or ideally to merge multiple projects.
- Offer a choice between Mean and Median Averages.
- Include a provision for aligning all the faces in a project to one or more preset Templates, rather than to Shapes calculated based on the faces in a given project at particular percentages; and allow the user to save the current Shape setting of a project as a new preset Template, or to average multiple Templates into a new Template.
- Enable the user to export multiple averages based on Templates representing successive angles for animations "panning" from side to side or pairs of horizontally separated angles for stereoviews.
- On the Edit Dot screen, provide a dynamic display of the result as warped to a preset Template, so that the user can see how each adjustment affects the output. Also allow the user to "lock" warp points once they're correctly placed so that moving other warp points won't cause them to shift.
- Fix the problems that cause larger data sets (e.g., 250+ moderately sized face images) to crash the program, and that cause complex combinations of Shape and Feature percentage settings intermittently to generate blank frames.
- Allow the user to vary the canvas size surrounding the facial features (e.g., the size of the square relative to the face on the "Edit Face" screen) rather than invariably cropping to a set distance from them.
- If the face-selection square on the "Edit Face" screen extends beyond the borders of a source image, fill the missing area with something other than black, such as transparency or a fill of the average color of the whole image.
- Allow users to create custom warp point grids for subjects other than faces.


DISTORTION OF TIME Crop Circle Discovered, Sutton Hall, Rochford, Essex, UK, Discovered on 22 July 2018, Translation given from METATRON, transmitted by Suzanna Maria Emmanuel, Universal Light Grid Programmer, Divine Love Element of the GREAT CAEAYARON, 4/8/18.
Greetings, I AM METATRON, MAGNETIC SERVICES, MAGNETIC FORCES. I am here to share with you the universal story, though it is not easy for you to learn because the time dimensions have many secrets within it, waiting to be learned by you.
Each time you learn about a dimensional shift, I, METATRON, can help you to understand another layer. To you all things seem relatively simple within your linear history and time as you cannot understand the muIti-dimensional games and how all things in the universe works. You do not understand that time in the universal dimensions does not exist, or that the universal game has played out many times before coming to your time.
Each time, the light rose up greatly to help all evolve, the darkness rose up again, desiring to be the power and to gain the power. Each time the Great Light Creator, CAEAYARON, rose again with his might to bring the light into greater power to defeat the dark rulership, the darkness rose again and challenged the laws of the Cosmic Courts.
Each time the darkness took the universes, they took more of the light from the light universes, until nothing could become in creation any longer.
I, METATRON worked with the Great Resistance as they desired rulership over the Sovereign Temples, or Sovereign Mountains of the Great Divine Realms, as therein lies the Sovereign Power.
To gain that power was always the greatest wish of the Great Resistance Star Beings. In all there were 5 main beings who desired to own the Great Universe, each one of them began to fight each other also. There was also another with the 5 main beings, but he desired it all back for the light since all had been taken away from the light many times over.
Within those cycles of light being created again, I, METATRON devised a plan with the great darkness to capture the great light.
Know that everything has to do with the Flower of Life, and the Cube of Power which means infinite power, as the Cube of Power is not simply a cube, but many dimensional locks can be created within, to lock energy within so that greater power can be received by the receiver of the Cube of Power.
Originally, the Flower of Life was not Thoth's to have, or mine as METATRON to take for the Great Darkness. I, METATRON, took the Flower of Life from high universal love beings, which was originally also gifted to the Lemurians in the time of Lemuria as it linked back upwards to the higher dimensions.
The original flower was an unlimited potential source of power for all universal love beings, and only the love beings would be able to harmonize with its power. Therefore, anything that could not harmonize with that love, could not tap into this.
The universal flower was totally unlimited, and the Divine Love Element was CAEAYARON's Universal Flower. The Divine Love Element was placed within the UNIVERSAL FLOWER GRID, to create more power for the Light Beings, to evolve upwards.
Thoth desired this flower more than anything and began to trap the Flower, the Divine Love Element on many levels. Each time he would take more of the high loving universal beings, she rescued her creation, and then he would trap more of her energy.
I, METATRON, locked that energy in until I was able to create another flower. This flower was able to tap into the Universal Flower when enough energy was lost from the Divine Love Element, and thus all the energy became part of Thoth's Flower of Life, to bring his universes into creation.
This created mighty wars in the greater spaces, as the Divine Light desired to have that energy back. This happened several times, and each time the darkness destroyed the light, more light was taken.
With this Flower of Life grid, Thoth was able to take over the blue planet and the red universes with ease as the frequencies first fell, and then he could take more energy.
One last opportunity would be given to the universe by GREAT DIVINE SOURCE to see if there was any love left in creation, and hence Lemuria came into existence.
Again, the Divine Love Element worked hard to bring life and light within the Lemurians, and again the Lemurians chose for the darkness, and Thoth took all her energy back into his Flower of Life grid, which he had connected to all his universes, and the grids below to build his underworld.
Understand, that when one cycle comes on one level, time continues on another as all is multidimensional. You cannot understand multi-universes and multi-time, but at the time of Lemuria's fall, the whole cycle of destruction came about again in the universe.
This time, instead of the light being able to rescue its beings, like all other times, the light fell into the greatest misery of the lower dimensions, since this was the only way to rescue all the fallen ones for good, if they would ever be rescued.
Now, Thoth, with his new-found power, could bring more destruction to the underworld and the people he caught in his net, because they would be unable to escape his wrath and fury. Thoth used the fury of the Yahweh Being very well, including his Dark Leaders who were furious that Thoth had devised a plan without their knowing; that is bringing all the power into his being. This was not liked and wars broke out because of this, as another took the power over and locked Thoth into another time dimension.
Know the Great Darkness does not play fairly, and has not played fairly in the universe, and they betrayed much in the universe.
I, METATRON, wish to state that I have resigned from playing with the Great Darkness as now the Divine Love Element has proven that her love within her heart for all the universe was greater than all power of the darkness. This is why I can bring this message out to you.
Here in this image you see the Flower of Life. The Flower of Life was Thoth's work of art as it brought light energy in from the human dimensions and brought the power to the darkness to always build the darker dimensions upwards.
Now however, the GREAT MOUNTAIN OF LIGHT, CAEAYARON has placed his LIGHT PYRAMID in the centre, and has changed the rotation of the flower grid, to allow the flower to become of light and bring the light to the ones in the Healing Grid of the Activated of CAEAYARON, and also bring more light within the universal planes.
I will begin to help you understand the main message of the crop circle. Note, that there are deeper meanings within as there is light language on a multidimensional timeframe placed within, with high frequencies. However, I, METATRON, can only work with your current information, and then built it up slowly to help you understand more.
Know that this has been part of a multidimensional time loop, and it is not as linear as what you may think it to be, as each time, more destruction could come within another part of the diagrams. I, METATRON, need to help you to understand this in your terms and work with the least confusion possible.
Know that the Flower of Life was connected to other universes. When another universe has been previously in existence and then destroyed, and then another way comes into existence, then the previous universal powers can be linked back up to play again, as nothing truly can be destroyed. All things can only be renewed, remolded, or left until it can be accessed again.
Hence, when the Lemurians fell, Thoth could play much again in the universe, going backwards in time. However, when all came crashing to planet earth, he became locked into planet earth together with all his universal creation. This stopped Thoth's universes from growing, but while the Lemurians fell, he worked at connecting his universes back upwards once again, and time in Lemuria was not the same as in his universes, or in the greater dimensions.
This is the value of time in the universes. One day to you, could mean a thousand years in the greater universes and one is able to achieve much if that time is given to one to play with.
Know that this is great knowledge within itself, as Thoth knew the importance of time, as he was a time traveller.
Once he had the Flower of Life, he rotated the grid to allow all power to be his. This is shown in the circle with the rotational hand (figure 2) He desired to take it over, thinking that the Lemurians would forever be connected within the Crystalline Grid and bring him the great power. In this he was greatly mistaken. They fell into his trap, as shown by the figures by the circle with the hook. (figure 4)
Here you see an image falling apart. (figure 3) The symbol underneath the manlike picture, looks like a sled like image, but it isn't a sled at all. It is the splitting of the DNA, between the dark programmes and the light programmes (yin and yang) as the Lemurians were already becoming created into a battery for Thoth's Power. The brain was spliced within the Lemurians and changed direction. Instead of the Lemurians listening to the Light, now they needed to listen to Thoth and Yahweh as their gods. They were programmed to listen


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The first time a teacher had introduced me to C++, one of the first definitions was about "stack based languages" like Java, C and C++.
Now i read about this in a reply and I'm honestly confused.
C++ is a stack based language but doesn't requires a stack?
share|improve this question
C++ is not a stack based language. That is your misconception. It can use a stack (and most implementations do). But this is not a requirement but more a property of the hardware that you are using. – Loki Astari Dec 14 '12 at 3:15
_USER_ can you offer examples where C++ is not based on the stack? – user1797612 Dec 14 '12 at 3:17
Read the C/C++ specs. There is no mention of a stack. There is nothing in the language that requires a stack for it to work. An easy example. The "Manchester dataflow machine" is a dataflow architecture and thus has no concept of a stack. Yet it has a C (and limited C++) compiler. – Loki Astari Dec 14 '12 at 3:21
The "Manchester dataflow architecture" has no concept of cache because it has no concept of memory. It does not even have a concept of an instruction pointer or registers as the whole program is executed simultaneously based only on the availability of data. It has a concept of data and a destination instruction the data is flowing too. A dataflow instruction is an instruction with with one or two destinations (for the data to flow in-to). When all input data is available for an instruction the instruction will fire and generate the output data with a destination. – Loki Astari Dec 14 '12 at 3:52
The C source for "dataflow architecture" is exactly the same as for "von-neuman architecture". Which is the point of the specification. – Loki Astari Dec 14 '12 at 3:55
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4 Answers
up vote 7 down vote accepted
When I hear "stack based language" I usually think of languages like FORTH where everything is done on a stack, ie no variables. I'm guessing when your teacher said Java they meant the JVM which is stack based.
Now, the C++ standard has absolutely no concept of a stack or heap, only things like automatic and dynamic storage. C++ is specified in terms of more abstract ideas which allows it to theoretically work on many different implementations and hardware. Of course, it turns out that these ideas map directly onto the idea of a stack, so every implementation ends up using one.
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"no concept of a stack or heap", ok, now what about a keyword like new usually used to allocate things on the heap according to the reason why everybody uses new to avoid unwanted copies between the internal construction of the object and the stack? If there is no stack what new is for? – user1797612 Dec 14 '12 at 3:16
_USER_ Stacks and heaps are where and how memory gets allocated. Automatic and Dynamic describe the semantics of the memory's lifetime. C++ only cares about the semantics, not the location. – Pubby Dec 14 '12 at 3:21
_USER_: new is used to create objects of "dynamic storage duration". There are also "automatic/static/thread storage duration" types for objects. Nothing is defined in terms of a stack. see: stackoverflow.com/a/_PHONE_/14065 – Loki Astari Dec 14 '12 at 3:25
_USER_ automatic storage with registers only? I would go in Stack Overflow with just using few Kb with most of the machines on the market today. – user1797612 Dec 14 '12 at 3:30
_USER_: It has nothing to do with registers or stacks. The lifespan of automatic storage duration object is the scope it is defined within. Nothing else. It has nothing to do with implementation details. You are trying to define the language in terms of the hardware you are most used to. Sure you can use a stack. But that is not a requirement. You need to think beyond your current experience (that is why the C++ language is designed like this, so that it can be implemented on other architectures or even new architectures that have not been though off). – Loki Astari Dec 14 '12 at 3:32
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C++ (like C, Java, and most other block-structured languages) requires a "stack" in the sense of some sort of last-in, first-out data structure to hold the activation records for function calls. That is, a function can call itself recursively to some arbitrary depth, and as it does so, the parameters/local variables for each call must be independent of those for previous calls. As those function calls return, the parameters/local variables for each must be destroyed.
That does not, however, require execution on a CPU that directly supports a stack in hardware. It's entirely possible to execute C++ (and the other block-structured languages, as mentioned above) without direct hardware support for a stack.
Just for example, early Crays and (even current) IBM mainframes do not support stacks. Despite this, they can and do support C++. At least in most cases, the LIFO data structure used for activation records is allocated dynamically, and build into a linked list. As each function is called, its activation record is allocated and added to the linked list. When the function returns, that activation record is removed from the list and the memory released.
So, if you're looking at things from a somewhat abstract viewpoint, thinking of a stack as the essence of the basic operations it provides, then yes, C++ requires a stack. If you look at "stack" less abstractly, and think in terms of something like a CPU with a stack pointer register (or anything on that order) then no, C++ definitely does not need a stack (and the same goes for C, Java, etc.)
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A non-"stack based language" is not simply a language that does not requires a stack.
Java's bytecode language is a stack-based language because its operations do not operate on registers, they operate on a stack. On the other hand, the Intel microprocessor's ASM language uses registers, and this may be reflected in languages designed to be compiled to that architecture.
C and C++ may or may be not stack based. That is entirely up to the compiler and to the target OS/microprocessor. You can't assume that it is or that it is not. In practice however, it is largely implemented as register-based.
Even if the language operates entirely with registers, you still have a stack for function calls and local variables that does not fit the registers. The presence of this stack does not makes the language stack-based, is the absence of the registers that does.
Edit: Nitpick as suggested by the user mikera: Java's bytecode language is stack-based, but in order to run it in most architectures that are register-based, you will need something translating the stack-based bytecode language in the register-based architecture. This work may be done by the interpreter in the JVM or by a JIT or non-JIT bytecode-to-native compiler.
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Nitpick: Java absolutely does use registers. It's just that the language does not have facilities that allow you to directly use them. It still gets compiled down (via the JIT) to native code that uses registers. – mikera Dec 14 '12 at 3:13
_USER_: Nitpick. Java does not use registers. But the JVM implementation (and the JIT) may as part of the running of an application. I think what Victor is getting at is the that the java byte code is explicitly designed around a stack (no consideration of registers). But this does not prevent an implementation that runs the byte code from using registers. – Loki Astari Dec 14 '12 at 3:17
_USER_: Folowing your reasoning, then everything does use registers. That is not the point. The bytecode instructions does not use registers. If there is a JIT compiler translating these stack-based instructions into register-based ones from another language is a completely different thing. – Victor Dec 14 '12 at 3:17
I still don't get the meaning of this, for example the new keyword as discussed in a previous comment here stackoverflow.com/questions/_PHONE_/… – user1797612 Dec 14 '12 at 3:19
_USER_: new allocates in the heap. The heap is a different area of the memory for dynamic allocations that are not bound to the function call stack. In C, you will get something in the heap if you use malloc. In C++ and java, you will get something from the heap if you use new. – Victor Dec 14 '12 at 3:22
show 6 more comments
It is semantics.
Think about a car. A car is described in terms of radio, speed, power seats, CD player, number of cup holders, paint color, etc. The feature list does not talk about where the power comes from to run all this stuff. Almost all cars use gas going to an internal combustion engine and the engine turns the wheels and runs a generator to make electric power to run all the accessories. An engine is not required, but most cars have one.
The language spec talks


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|Weapon Specialization||Improvised Weapons|
|Bonuses|| Highest Improvised Combat |
High Melee Combat
Highest Trap Disarming
|Penalties||Low Ranged Combat|
The Dead Zone is filled with scraps and junk, all that is left over after months of looting. These ingenious problem solvers can turn these widely varying materials into working weapons, as well as wield the results effectively.
Putting together improvised weapons is both mentally and physically demanding, and they tend to be both physically fit and practiced at striking things as a result. Also, their familiarity with the construction of improvised weapons makes them quite skilled in their use. Knowledge of how to put things together also helps with dismantling them, making them excellent at disarming traps.
However, all this leaves them with little time to practice their marksmanship with regular firearms. They will require support from those who do, who in turn will likely need the Engineer's talents with all manner of machinery.
Engineers are expert melee combatants and possess high health, second only to the Fighter, which allows them to keep fighting even when swarmed, making them excellent front-line defenders. They should be placed in the way of any incoming zombies, drawing their attention away from the rest of the survivors.
Their relatively low Ranged Combat skill prevents them from providing fire support effectively, reducing their versatility. However, improvised ranged weapons use the Engineer's much higher Improvised Combat skill as well, allowing them to work from a distance.
They work best in conjunction with Medics, who can keep their health topped up in-between zombie assaults while the Engineer protects them.
- Melee weapons in general, since the Engineer is quite durable and has a very high Melee Combat skill, making it less likely that they'll be overwhelmed by the hordes.
- Improvised weapons in general, due to the Engineer's high Improvised Combat skill and the specialization bonus to damage and accuracy.
- Shoes will allow them to approach enemies more quickly, which is useful since most of their specialized weapons are short ranged.
- Vests make them even more durable, which is useful if they're using a melee weapon, disarming an explosive trap, or facing human raiders equipped with high-powered firearms.
- They appear to be wearing safety equipment and an improvised shoulder pad, explaining their increased health.
- Engineers could be former employees of construction companies, since they wear safety equipment typically used on construction sites and have a marked proficiency with improvised (perhaps from their similarity with construction/demolition equipment) and melee (from their familiarity with harsh physical work) weapons.
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This will be a two-part blog post focusing on 'Validate', Geoteric's Seismic Forward Modelling module that recently became available with the release of 2018.1. The tool is intended for interpreters to be able to easily test hypotheses by creating models that can be matched back to frequency decomposition results as well as reflectivity data.
This week's post works through a simple example of testing a hypothesis using Validate. In the next post, we will go over some more advanced topics.
We begin by focusing on the Eskdale reservoir in offshore Australia's Exmouth Basin. This field is comprised of deepwater channel sands compartmentalized by faults. We'll be looking at the first exploration well, Eskdale-1 (Fig. 1), which found only residual oil in a 75-meter-thick sand package.
Figure 1: Gamma Ray and acoustic logs over the Eskdale reservoir in the Eskdale-1 well. Note the change in acoustic impedance at the "Intra_reservoir" marker.
Figure 2 shows a map view of the frequency decomposition RGB colour blend draped 10ms below the top of the Eskdale member. The Eskdale-2 well was drilled in a separate fault block and found economic oil, so the task of defining the reservoir extents both in terms of reservoir quality sand and fluid content becomes critical if the field is to continue to be appraised and developed. As evidenced by the map below, GeoTeric's Frequency Decomposition attributes reveal many aspects of the depositional system. But the question has always been, "what do the colours mean?". Validate can help answer that question.
Figure 2: Uniform Constant Q Frequency Decomposition RGB colour blend (18-35-57Hz) showing Eskdale channel. The blend is draped 10ms below the top of the Eskdale member. The yellow dotted line represents the Validate cross-section.
In this example, we'll use Validate to help refine the geological model to gain a better understanding of the depositional makeup of the channel. In the map above we can see the channel clearly but, upon close inspection, several questions are left unanswered. What does the variability of the colours along the channel axis mean? What do the white to grey-blue colours north of the Eskdale-1 well represent; levee, crevasse splay, a single event or multiple events? Where are the sand boundaries? To answer these questions, we've set up a Validate session where we have tested three hypotheses using a cross-section through the well (shown in Figure 2). The layer boundaries were created through a combination of horizons and freehand drawing layer boundaries.
Looking at the seismic reflectivity data shown in Figure 3a, we see that the Eskdale-1 well penetrated the main channel body at it's thickest point. Note the 'tail' that continues out to the right of the main channel body. Do these features together represent a continuous, homogeneous depositional element or could the 'tail' be a separate feature such as a crevasse splay? Model 1, Figure 3b, shows the first iteration of modelling where we model this feature as one homogeneous unit using well log properties from the entire Eskdale interval. This is the initial model that we will continue to modify as we gain new insights. The dark green interval represents a shale sequence that was eroded into by the channel while the lighter green represents the over/underburden. Rock properties for these sequences are also taken from the Eskdale-1 well.
Both the modelled reflectivity and FD show little correlation to the actual seismic. The 'tail' in the synthetic reflectivity does not show the drop in amplitude contained in the real data and it's too bright in the synthetic FD. We can conclude that the features in question are likely not one singular depositional event.
Figure 3: Reservoir models and their synthetic responses in both reflectivity and FD space. a) Actual data – noise cancelled reflectivity and RGB colour blend sections through the line of interest shown in Fig.2. b) Model 1: channel and 'tail' represented as one homogeneous package. c) Model 2: 'tail' grades from sand on the left to shale on the right. d) Model 3: diagenetic degraded reservoir is added at the base of the channel.
Moving to Model 2, shown in Figure 3c, we've now separated the 'tail' into its own unit and modelled it as a sand grading to shale from left to right. In this case, we are treating this event as a possible crevasse splay, where reservoir quality gradually decreases with distance. In the modelled reflectivity we can now see that the drop in amplitude matches better with the real data and the frequency decomposition moving from white-yellow to dull grey-blue from left to right also has a better match.
So now we think we've figured out what the 'tail' might be, but we still don't have a good match in the main channel body. Both the seismic and FD seem to be showing more variability than my models are capturing. Looking back at Figure 1, we see that there is a transition in the calculated AI log at about 2940m. we've marked this as "Intra_reservoir" on the log section. Core plug data taken in this interval suggests that diagenesis has taken place in this basal unit. Altered cement in this interval could lead to poorer reservoir quality and may explain the higher values observed in the AI log. Given this, we've segmented the reservoir in Model 3 (Fig. 3d) into an upper high-quality sand unit and a lower poor-quality sand unit. We can see that now my amplitudes along the entire channel body match much better in the synthetic reflectivity, and we've matching the internal channel events much better as well. Comparing the FD in Model 2 and 3, Note that both models accurately capture the colour patterns at the channel edges – bright red/magenta into bright orange/yellow/white – but Model 3 does a much better job capturing the colour pattern along the well in the thick part of the channel.
After this brief modelling study, we've been able to make several new insights about the FD colour blend and the geology it represents:
- The 'tail' seen in the seismic and represented in the FD map view as the light blue-grey features north of the Eskdale-1 well is likely a crevasse splay or levee deposit.
- Channel edges are represented in the FD as distinct red/magenta to yellow/orange/white lineations.
- The internal variability seen in the main channel in the FD is caused, at least in part, by the vertical juxtaposition of a higher quality reservoir sand overlaying a degraded reservoir sand.
Armed with these new insights, we now have less uncertainty in the depositional model and we can use the FD colour blend to create a visual representation of that it so we can communicate the understanding to colleagues and management. This can be used to influence critical decisions like whether to appraise the field and where to place appraisal wells.
For further work, we could perform a fluid substitution to see the change in the model using an oil wet reservoir (see next week's post!) and we could populate a depositional model semi-automatically using Geoteric's Interactive Facies Classification module.


pre-war borders as quickly as they'd come, virtually undoing all of Minoru's gains.
Is it villainy to take advantage of a situation? Better to keep silent and prepare for the inevitable than to speak and grow weak.
 — Minoru Kurita, in his speech broadcast by State Holo Channel 5, 2771[9]
If war is inevitable, then why wait for a formal declaration? Strike when you are ready. Pride heals far quicker for a victor.
 — From The Fall of Red Autumn leaves, by Minoru Kurita, 2794[10]
The noonday suns burn
the dozing Dragon. He'll wake
when the suns must set.
 — Battle haiku sent by Coordinator Minoru Kurita to all troops participating in the offensive against the Federated Suns[11]
My grandfather knew the story of the King of the mice. The King of the mice was worried about cats. He asked the other mice to keep cats away, and to tell him if there were any cats about. When one day they did see a cat, they did not want to tell the King, because they would lose face for not keeping the cat away. The cat crept up on the King, as the mice argued among themselves about ways of removing the cat. One little mouse, whom no one had ever noticed before, finally ran up to the King to warn him of the cat's approach. The King hurried from the cat, now just a mouselength away. He ordered the mice together and directed them in scaring away the cat. When it was over, he banished the mice who would not tell him his own business, and took as his closest friend the little nobody mouse who did the wise thing.
 — Memoirs of Minister Roland Cranshaw, University of Pesht Press, 2798 - extract from a history from Minoru[12]
Titles and Positions[edit]
Preceded by
Takiro Kurita
Coordinator of the Draconis Combine
Succeeded by
Jinjiro Kurita
Portrait Gallery[edit]
Minoru Kurita I
 1. 1.0 1.1 House Kurita (The Draconis Combine), "The Draconis Combine's Line of Succession and Partial Kurita Family Tree"
 2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 Handbook: House Kurita, p. 40
 3. Historical: Liberation of Terra Volume 1, p. 64, "Minoru Kurita Profile"
 4. Handbook: House Kurita, p. 40 "JINJIRO KURITA: A STUDY IN CALM VIOLENCE"
 5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 House Kurita (The Draconis Combine), p. 50 "Stefan the Usurper"
 6. House Kurita (The Draconis Combine), p. 52 "THE FIRST SUCCESSION WAR"
 7. House Kurita (The Draconis Combine), p. 53-55 "THE Dragon Strikes"
 8. House Kurita (The Draconis Combine), p. 55 "Kentares IV"
 9. House Kurita (The Draconis Combine), p. 49, "Misplaced Trust"
 10. House Kurita (The Draconis Combine), p. 53, "Bujitsu"
 11. House Kurita (The Draconis Combine), p. 53, "The Suns must set"
 12. House Kurita (The Draconis Combine), p. 92


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- For a gallery of examples for Invulnerability, see here.
Brit (Image Comic Universe) punching a metal robot without being scraped or cut.
Defy all forms of physical injury
- Impenetrable Skin/Impervious Skin
The user is immune or highly resistant to all forms of conventional external physical damage, unable to feel physical pain, is immune to bleeding or loss of limb. Death due to old age (as opposed to preemptive death) is seemingly the only cause of death to the user.
- Atomicity: to never be physically divided.
- Bulletproof Durability: a form of invulnerability that only applies to gunfire.
- Density Manipulation: increase one's density to make it much harder and more difficult to be harmed.
- Elasticity: users body simply absorbs attacks.
- Enhanced Regeneration: Heal rapidly from any wound
- Immutability: the ability to be impervious to all forms of external physical change.
- Impact Absorption: absorb mechanical and physical impacts.
- Intangibility: becoming intangible to allow all offensive attacks to phase through.
- Mobile Invulnerability: a form of invulnerability that only works if the holder of the power is in motion
- Reactive Invulnerability: a form of Invulnerability that only works if the user is in danger.
- Selective Invulnerability: a form of invulnerability that only works on a certain attack, similar to Evolution.
- Supernaturally Dense Tissue: users body-tissue is supernaturally dense making them incredibly hardy.
- Temporary Invincibility: a form of invulnerability that only works for a limited period of time.
- Absolute Defense
- Reflective Immutability
- Self-Molecular Manipulation
- May be vulnerable to certain conditions, substances or simply have a place that is vulnerable to damage.
- May become Immobile.
- Doesn't mean immortality unless otherwise bestowed.
- May require learning defenses to particular dangers.
- May be vulnerable to telepathic abilities


Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English homepage
1 containing poison or producing poison:
Some mushrooms are extremely poisonous.
poisonous gases such as hydrogen sulfide
poisonous substances
She was bitten on the ankle by a poisonous snake.
poisonous to
The berries are poisonous to birds.
2 full of bad and unfriendly feelings:
the poisonous atmosphere of the office
3 British English someone who is poisonous seems to get pleasure from causing arguments, unhappiness etc:
That poisonous bastard Lucett told Morris I was seeing his wife.
poisonously adverb
Dictionary pictures of the day
Do you know what each of these is called?
Explore our topic dictionary


Sun Java System Messaging Server 6.3 Administration Guide To Set a Grace Period
The grace period specifies how long the mailbox can be over the quota (disk space or number of messages) before messages are bounced back to sender. The grace period is not how long the message is held in the message queue, it's how long the mailbox is over quota before all incoming messages, including those in the message queue, are bounced. (see 20.1 Overview for more details.) The grace period starts when the user has reached the quota threshold and been warned. See To Setup Quota Notification.
To specify a quota grace period at the command line:
configutil -o store.quotagraceperiod -v number
where number indicates number of hours.


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Advisor Job Description
The role you play as a Houghton Connects advisor has significant potential for influencing students. Advisors are asked to abide by the following expectations:
- Maintain your profile: Keep an up-to-date profile, including current e-mail address and job information.
- Give Advice: Students may ask you to provide career advice on resume writing, career exploration, the job search process, etc. Be available and willing to help them with these questions, or refer them to others, when needed. You are not expected to be an expert on all career related matters.
- Be Honest: Communicate honestly and respectfully with students when answering questions or providing advice.
- Provide Feedback: Give feedback to Houghton Connects staff about the program, participants, and your experiences.
- Be Patient: You may not be contacted right away by one of our students. Students seek out career advisors based on interests, careers, and majors, so the frequency of contact by our students will be determined largely by their interests and situations. With that in mind, we will be making every effort to encourage students to take advantage of this program.
- Know that you are playing an important role as a mentor, helping students in their career development. Thank you!
Houghton Connects is open to alumni from all majors, class years, and areas of expertise. The program offers a flexible time commitment based on personal availability. Because of the program's online presence, alumni from across the country and all over the world can easily volunteer.
How the program works:
Once your profile information is submitted, your status will be "pending" until confirmed and approved by the Alumni Office. Upon approval, alumni can serve as advisors, and their profile will be available for all alumni and students to view. Alumni can determine how many "contacts" they wish to receive each month. The database for this mentoring program can be sorted by major, occupation/current job description, areas of expertise, co-curricular activities, and geographic region allowing students and alumni to receive more personalized assistance.
How to sign up:
1. Visit this website
2. Fill out accurate information for your online profile


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Loyola's campus as you might like to think, since you can find them as close as the southern part of Maryland. … The Red Imported Fire Ant. … Blister Beetles. … 4. Japanese Oriental Wasp. … Black Widow Spider. … The Monarch Caterpillar and Butterfly. … The Brown Recluse.
Do bugs fart?
"The most common gases in insect farts are hydrogen and methane, which are odorless," Youngsteadt says. "Some insects may produce gases that would stink, but there wouldn't be much to smell, given the tiny volumes of gas that we're talking about." Do All Bugs Fart? Nope.
Why do flies bite me and not others?
"Some people produce more of certain chemicals in their skin," he explains. "And a few of those chemicals, like lactic acid, attract mosquitoes." There's also evidence that one blood type (O) attracts mosquitoes more than others (A or B). … Mosquitoes use CO2 as their primary means of identifying bite targets, Day says.


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The code is P420. One 02 sensor was replaced cost for part $226.00
What is the TWC catalytic converter?
Does this code (P420) refer to any particular bank?
Also what do the sensors cost and how many are there?
This one was not from a dealer
You asked for the code in order to reply. Your reply is basically "take it to a repair shop".
What is the significance of code PO420. You refer to numerous sensors such as MAF, crank, IAT etc. That is why I asked how many there are. If the code refers to bank 1 does that indicate that the problem is in that converter or one of two sensors.
As an expert shouldn't you know the cost of a sensor? Is an A/F the same as an o2?
Am I a pain?
GregI did give you a rating.Thanks.The problem was a sensor and an exhaust leak near the sensor.Frank


Increase your wins by applying the right arbitrage formula on each bet
If you have planned to engage in arbitrage betting to win money irrespective of the outcome of the match then you can maximize your wins by making use of the right arbitrage formula on each bet. You will need to make correct calculations before placing your bet if you do not wish to get paltry wins or suffer a loss after the match.
Arbitrage betting involves betting on opposing players or teams in a match so that you will win enough extra cash on the winning bet whenever a player or team wins while offsetting the loss caused by the losing bet. In this particular kind of betting, you win money irrespective of the end result of the bet since you would've placed different bets on opposing players and teams with different bookmakers. While one bookmaker might offer excellent odds on the favorite player or team, another bookie might favor the underdog and offer higher odds. The bottom line is to quickly identify such bets and put your bets so that the total amount in winnings is more than both your bets placed together.
However, you will need a formula to decipher the offered odds and calculate the total amount which you might win or lose following the match. You will thus need to apply an arbitrage formula that will help you to calculate the precise amount that you will have to invest in the bet and also the amount to be won when some of the players or teams wins, or even if the match heads towards a draw. This formula will need to take into account several components like the possible outcomes of the match, the odds put on each player or team by the particular bookmaker, and also the amount that you plan to invest in each bet. The answer to your arbitrage calculations should show you the amount that you have collectively committed to the bets along with the different amounts that you will win when either of the players or teams wins. In case there are in excess of two players or teams then the formula must also incorporate additional calculations.
If you are not really good at math and therefore are afraid of making mistakes while using the arbitrage formula, then you need not worry. You can enlist the help of reputed betting experts such as Gert Gambell by going to his websites, as well as that will explain the whole idea of arbitrage betting in easy-to-understand terms. You can also come across helpful suggestions and advice offered at these websites and also utilize the arbitrage calculator provided free on the website to calculate the exact amount easily that you could win after placing bets on opposing players or teams. As it is essential to bet only at trustworthy websites that delivers your winnings, you can surely rely on the bookmakers mentioned by Gert Gambell on his websites.
If you wish to win cash on each betting session irrespective of which player or team wins the match, then you can certainly go in for arbitrage betting. However, rather than placing each bet excitedly without checking on all available facts or without engaging in the required calculations, you need to use the right arbitrage formula to maximize your winnings with minimum investment in each bet.