text:
How to choose a staple gun without making any mistakes
When you need to quickly seal the stack of paper, we used to do this is familiar to every stationery stapler.And with construction and repair work it is convenient to use more powerful brother - Construction staplers, otherwise, Thacker.He and carpet to the floor quickly attach and wiring will greatly facilitate and furniture will win.Each of these works has its own specificity, requiring the use of a particular type of instrument.Next, we'll show you how to choose the staple gun, the most suitable for specific tasks.
- The convenient staple gun and what is the principle of its work
- Determine the type stapler
- What a staple gun to choose depending on the type of tasks
- More aboutimpact force
- few important details
- Video: How to choose a stapler
The staple gun is useful and what is the principle of its work
main staple item for construction work - the mechanism of impact type.It was he who takes the entire lo
Thacker To bring in "combat readiness" cocking lever or move the special on a long position.This action allows the firing pin to escape, and then pull the bracket out of the pack and score it in the right place.When staples run out, they need to recharge, a charge in a specialty store on the same principle as that of the common office stapler.But model building tackers are more diverse than their clerical family.In particular, there are those where the brackets not only score, but also bent due to the presence of the response - "anvil."
staple gun mechanical device type.
Largely due to this design and unique concept staple gun has become widely used.It is time to highlight the positive qualities Thacker for construction works:
- If without Thacker, the old working with a hammer, it will take time to work a few times more.
- Due device staple gun at work one hand free.It is very convenient - for example, working at height, and standing on a ladder, you can stick to it.
- Strongly press on Thacker is no need.Standing on the same ladder, you better keep your balance than when using simple hand tools.
- Even laboring a few hours, you are not very tired, connecting parts and materials - after minimal physical effort needed.
- Even if nailed detail springs, the stapler, as opposed to a hammer, easy to cope with it.
- in awkward places where barely crawls hand, it is possible to work Thacker.
- precise and clear transfer blow saves the surface from damage.For example, it is very important when working with glass.The tool does not vibrate, so any scratches or cleavage appears.
- Since consumable items can be quite diverse (staples, nails, screws) and the enhanced functionality of the stapler.The advantage is the fact that corrosion does not take these consumables.
- Since moving parts in the device quite a bit, and then the break is nothing special.Therefore Thacker is long, and work with them as service is very simple.
- All items with sharp edges securely hidden under the body, so do not cut yourself and your fingers are not otobesh.And even electric staplers and fuses provided.
Determine the type stapler
There are three main types of these instruments:
- Stapler mechanical;
- electric stapler;
- pneumatic stapler.
Mechanical Tackers - inexpensive classics
Perhaps it is this type of Thacker more liked handyman.There are only three parts: the lever, the spring and the housing in which they are enclosed.Clutching his muscles force the lever we spring charging mechanism.Then, cracking, this spring scores staples or nails.
Looking for a similar tool, choose a model with a collapsible body, held together by screws, not rivets.So you can, if necessary, clean the stapler or eliminate minor problems.See and casing material - it should be strong enough.If it is made of steel is good, it can still be an additional coating (nickel, chrome, powder coating).Even better, when the housing is made of light alloy modern.
Now a few words should be said about the impact mechanism.If it works for ordinary helical spring (also called torsion), the force will have to make more, so will return and rather big.But in the more expensive professional tools manufacturers put a plate (spring) spring.Since it is easier to work, and the impact is not felt almost.
output of mechanical models can do the following: these cheap staples that everyone can afford, well suited for small amounts of homework.But professionals (Upholsters, for example) it is better to buy a different type of device.For quick mechanical Thacker will not work, but the hand is pretty tired from the long-term effort.So professionals wondering how to choose furniture stapler, you have to look in the direction of the electrical or pneumatic devices.
Stapler electric type - fast, safe but expensive
Such models have a significant advantage - to work with them very easily.Smooth press of the button activates the hammer mechanism and no muscular force is applied do not need to.Perhaps even a child or frail woman can easily cope with such a device, even if it has more power.And it will go much faster than using a mechanical tool.And the materials will be able to punch harder, and connect them more reliably and firmly than in the previous case.
Only one thing - from the electric network models present the power cord, which is sometimes restricts the use of the stapler.For example, the heater is placed on the roof, and the length of the wires is not enough.
However, out of this situation there is a way - a tool that runs on batteries.But it will make a weighty Thacker, and hands while working with him will be tired.By the way, any electric model (such as battery and network) heavy mechanical analogue.
But the biggest drawback of electric staplers at - it is their high price.Therefore, if the device you will need only from time to time, think about whether to spend so much money on it.For every year that a stick, it will fit and a cheap mechanical model.And vice versa - if wielding this tool, you earn, then definitely get accustomed to devices equipped with an electric motor.
Stapler on pneumatics - more for stationary use
works similar tool to force air under pressure.It performs its task it just like lightning: time - and staples, even the longest, has firmly blocked.But it weighs less than an electrical analog.It would seem - what more could you want.However, there is a catch: have with a stapler and a compressor has to buy, heavy and dimensional.And the extra money will have to pay for it, and transfer it hard enough.So it is better to buy the option for permanent work.
Choice staple gun of this type is justified in terms of production.For example, a furniture factory, where the workers are equipped with permanent seats, no compressor nor the Tackers carry anywhere is not necessary.All operations are carried out in the same place, and pneumatic allows you to do everything quickly, and staples hammered hard.
What a staple gun to choose depending on the type of tasks
Great for home repair.He has a mechanical hammer mechanism, triggered by pressing the lever.Long working with him difficult - hand gets tired.Fasteners - nails or staples flat type.
need to be mounted on walls, furniture or baseboards electrical wires with a diameter of 4.5 to 7.5 millimeters.Voltage is allowed no more than 50 volts.While installing communications equipment and paving of local area networks, usually used in such a device.
Otherwise, stapler hammer is useful where the first place is the speed of work.For example, when the roofing is placed on the roof or insulated subfloor.There staples hammered at each stroke of the hammer punched material.Their consolidation is due to inertia.However, at such precision Thacker much lower than that of the previous two types.But for insulation or roofing is not so important, but speed - an important factor.
need to work with corrugated cardboard box.Staples fasten cardboard more reliable than tape, perfectly serving his replacement.This tool comes in two types: mechanical or pneumatic.
Does not work with the usual staples, and pins with metal.These are thin nails, the length of which depends on the type Thacker.For example, a mechanical device can score the pin is no longer than 1.5 centimeters, electric - up to 2.5 centimeters, air - up to 5 centimeters.
Stapler staples corner
This stapler has the shape of the letter «V», is used when you need to hold together the two parts at a certain angle.For example, it may be a frame for a photo or a baguette for a picture.
Read more about the power stroke
Often it is the defining characteristic of this when you need to determine what the best staple gun.Generally speaking, it is the small force of impact from mechanical models, followed by the electrical and the most powerful - those who work on the pneumatics.However, in addition, in each category are devices which operate more or less efficiently.We will try to solve this.
easiest way to calculate the force of impact on the greatest length of the bracket, which can clog the stapler.Typically, this feature is specified in its data sheet.They write, for example, as the length of the bracket 4 to 14 millimeters.We should be interested in the maximum value - that it determines the impact force Thacker.Suppose that we are in front of the two models in which the length of the first bracket ranges from 4 to 10 millimeters, and at the second - from 4 to 14 millimeters.Of course, better to take a second model


How to Moderate Between Two Arguing Friends
by Lauren Vork
It's always hard to watch two people you love have an argument. When two mutual friends are fighting, the threat of a rift between them is both personally painful and socially awkward. For this reason, it's easy to want to do something to help them sort things out and they may find that you are the perfect neutral party to help them do so. To avoid making matters worse, proceed with caution and know when to step back.
Stay out of it unless both parties want you to mediate. Let them know that you'd be willing to see if you can help them smooth things over, but if they don't seem receptive, let it go. Your involvement in this situation can only be helpful if both parties trust you and are interested in reconciling.
State firmly that you don't intend to take sides. Inform you friends that you will remove yourself from this situation if they push for you to take sides or agree with statements you feel are unfair about the other.
Accept that you may not be able to rectify the situation. Let go of any demands you might be placing on yourself to fix the rift, and resign yourself to only doing what you can to improve understanding and assist your friends' own process of reconciling.
Get in touch with how you feel about the situation. Consider excusing yourself from trying to help if you feel particularly angry at one or both parties or feel frustrated that you're in the middle of the situation. Try to process your emotions about the situation and come to a place of neutrality and compassion for both parties before getting involved.
Listen to each party. Avoid trying to push them to understand the other party at this stage, and avoid passing judgment on any actions. Empathize with each party's feelings about the situation.
Identify communication difficulties. Look for assumptions both parties have made about the other's intentions and motivations that you believe or know to be false. Encourage each party to question what they think about these things.
Speak to both parties a second time. Make statements about what you think the misunderstandings at play may be. Explain the other party's point of view and motivations in the most neutral and factual terms you can. Let both of your friends know that you would personally appreciate it if they made an effort to understand and to make up for your sake.
Let your friends speak to each other and reconcile in their own time. Accept that you've done what you can to help the situation improve, but that the choice to make up ultimately belongs to them, along with the process of how they do it.
About the Author
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Initial Geophysical Survey
Geophysical survey is a technique that allows us to gain an impression of what lies beneath the soil and, at once, learn about the layout of many buried buildings at Portus. The earliest phase of AHRC-funded research at the site comprised a survey of the whole core area of the port and its hinterland to the east: this work formed part of the Roman Towns in te Middle and Lower Tiber Valley. It began in 1998, was completed in 2004 and was subsequently published (Keay et al. 2005). It entailed a magnetometer study which systematically recorded localized magnetic anomalies relating to buried buildings to a depth of 1.2m. The survey covered 220 hectares and revealed new buildings, therein adding detail to known structures clustering around the Claudian and Trajanic basins. It also provided new information about the hinterland of the port lying between the hexagonal Trajanic basin and the Tiber, including evidence of the line of an aqueduct, road and canal, warehouses and a river port.
Results of the _PHONE_ geophysical survey
Interpretations of the _PHONE_ geophysical survey (Keay et al. 2005)


text:
HP Feeding Concept
Stress free weaning without ZnO and high revenues. Using a combination of high-quality premium protein and special fibres - HP 300 and HP FiberBoost
Have you made any changes to your diets after the ZnO ban or maybe lowered the CP levels in your diets? Then how is the performance of the animals after the CP reduction?
Many nutritionists reduce CP levels to cope with ZnO free diets. Other motives to use lower CP levels in nursery diets are to reduce feed costs and to control nitrogen excretion into the environment. However, reducing the crude protein content of nursery diets may be a costly decision as the risk exists that within the total amino acid (AA) absorption from a low CP diet some AA may fall under the required level for nursery pigs.
However, keeping protein levels brings the risk of too much fermentation in the hindgut and thus post weaning diarrhea (PWD). To avoid this from happening most measures are directed towards fixing the problem of pathogenic growth in the hindgut by means of antimicrobial or anti-inflammatory feed additives.
At Hamlet Protein we believe it is more effective to eliminate the cause of this pathogenic growth; the undigested protein going to the hindgut where it is fermented by various pathogens. Reducing the amount of excess protein reaching the hindgut using highly digestible protein, free of anti-nutritional factors (ANF's) in the form of HP 300 should be the first step.
Improving the gut environment using a specialty fiber that contains both insoluble and soluble fibers as well as prebiotics; HP FiberBoost, is the second to support piglets' resilience and gut health. Our HP FiberBoost is the only standardized fiber feed material that contains the combination of both fiber fractions and a high quantity of prebiotics especially formulated to improve gut health in swine.
Combining the unique properties of HP 300 with HP FiberBoost allows to keep high CP levels in nursery diets without losing performance.
By using HP 300, as many digestible amino acids as possible are supplied to the piglet within the chosen crude protein limit. Having the lowest ANF content ensures minimal loss of amino acids due to reduced digestibility or inflammatory processes. As a result, less excess protein goes to the hindgut whereby less fermentation by pathogens takes place which reduces scouring.
A fibre source combining prebiotic effects and benefits of insoluble fibres backs up gut health and helps the gut to withstand sanitary challenges. The value of the additional amino acids from the increased digestibility of HP 300 can be witnessed from an improved FCR and increased N retention.
HP FiberBoost is the 'insurance'
Functional fibers have multiple beneficial effects on gut health and increase the resilience of the animals to withstand challenges. Soy hulls is a great fiber source but contains ANF's and may contain mycotoxins.
HP FiberBoost is made from soy hulls that are carefully sourced to avoid mycotoxins. It is enzymatically processed to increase the prebiotics and combines benefits from both soluble and insoluble fiber.
Our enzymes hydrolyze specific linkages to make fibers easier accessible for microbiota in the hindgut. Prebiotic carbohydrates and nutrients that were encapsulated within the fiber matrix become available as substrate due to this process.
Lowering the CP level of the diet as a response to the ZnO ban comes at a cost in terms of reduced performance as FCR increases immediately when one of the AA's falls below the minimum requirement. Reducing CP levels from 19 to 17% reduce piglet growth performance significantly, leading to increased FCR. Recent data show that the increase in FCR is clearly marked (1.42 at 17% CP vs 1.34 at 19% CP (see table 1)). Of course, this increases feed costs and reduces the revenue per pig. Reducing CP levels 2% costed 2.70 euros per pig in revenue in this trial.
Adding functional fiber (HP FiberBoost) to high protein diets maintains growth performance and feed conversion rates, but also increases piglet vitality and uniformity (table 1). These benefits improved the margin over feed costs with 1.40 euros per pig for high CP + HP FiberBoost vs high CP without HP FiberBoost.
So, keeping high protein levels in nursery diets without ZnO is very well possible when a highly digestible protein source (HP 300) is used and HP FiberBoost is added to the diet.
Table 1 Performance at day 41 post-weaning of pigs fed diet with low (LPC, 17% CP) or high (HPC, 19% CP) crude protein content without or with 4% HP FiberBoost (LPF or HPF).
Application tips and tricks
Avoid reducing crude protein content of weaning diets below requirements.
- It increases the FCR
- It does not reduce feed costs
- It does not reduce nitrogen excretion per kg meat produced
Use HP Feeding Concept; combining high quality protein with prebiotic fibres
- The highly digestible protein avoids scouring
- The specialty fiber acts as an insurance to improve the resilience of the animals
As a result:
- Increased ADG
- Improved FCR
- Improved uniformity of piglets
- Reduced N excretion
- Improved economy

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Talking About Economic Troubles
Download MP3 (Right-click or option-click the link.)
I'm Susan Clark with the Special English program WORDS AND THEIR STORIES.
In the nineteen thirties, a song, "Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?," was very popular in the United States. It was the time of the big Depression. The song had meaning for many people who had lost their jobs.
A dime is a piece of money whose value is one-tenth of a dollar. Today, a dime does not buy much. But it was different in the nineteen thirties. A dime sometimes meant the difference between eating and starving.
The American economy today is much better. Yet, many workers are concerned about losing their jobs as companies re-organize.
Americans have special ways of talking about economic troubles. People in businesses may say they feel the pinch. Or they may say they are up against it. Or, if things are really bad, they may say they have to throw in the towel.
A pinch is painful pressure. To feel the pinch is to suffer painful pressure involving money.
The expression, feel the pinch, has been used since the sixteenth century. The famous English writer William Shakespeare wrote something very close to this in his great play "King Lear."
King Lear says he would accept necessity's sharp pinch. He means he would have to do without many of the things he always had.
Much later, the Times of London newspaper used the expression about bad economic times during the eighteen sixties. It said, "so much money having been spent... All classes felt the pinch."
Worse than feeling the pinch is being up against it. The saying means to be in a lot of trouble.
Word expert James Rogers says the word "it" in the saying can mean any and all difficulties. He says the saying became popular in the United States and Canada in the late nineteenth century. Writer George Ade used it in a book called "Artie." He wrote, "I saw I was up against it."
Sometimes a business that is up against it will have to throw in the towel. This means to accept defeat or surrender.
Throwing in the towel may mean that a company will have to declare bankruptcy. The company will have to take legal steps to let people know it has no money to pay its debts.
Word expert Charles Funk says an eighteen seventy-four publication called the Slang Dictionary explains throwing in the towel. It says the words probably come from the sport of boxing, or prizefighting. The book says the saying began because a competitor's face was cleaned with a cloth towel or other material. When a boxer's towel was thrown, it meant he was admitting defeat.
Most businesses do not throw in the towel. They just re-organize so they can compete better.
This WORDS AND THEIR STORIES was written by Jeri Watson. I'm Susan Clark.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Array destructuring – revisited
Jakub Rożek
Jakub Rożek
Senior Software Engineer (11Sigma crew at Stoplight)
This article was originally published on
Destructuring assignment is undoubtedly one of the most beloved features, added as a part of ES2015 specification. Not only it lets you type less, but it also makes your code look by far cleaner.
Its use is simply ubiquitous in every single ES2015+ project these days. We can distinguish two kinds of destructuring assignment patterns:
The former, I believe, is more popular. However, with the introduction of React Hooks, the latter will become more ubiquitous either. Due to the smaller popularity of array destructuring, some articles about React Hooks describe briefly how array destructuring works.
This article won't be any different, but instead of focusing on the general usage, I will try to shed some light on a lesser-known side of array pattern destructuring.
One of the common misconceptions about array destructuring I noticed is the statement that array destructuring works only for arrays. While it's certainly the most popular use case, it's not true at all. In fact, 'Array' phrase describes the left-hand side expression of the entire assignment expression – an array literal, and not the actual value, which doesn't even have to be an array but an iterable, as we will learn shortly.
The same applies to object pattern destructuring. They both are meant to describe the left-hand side expression of the assignment expression.
In fact, to assign array values, we can even use object pattern destructuring as follows:
const { 0: firstItem, 1: secondItem } = ['foo', 'bar'];
If we print out firstItem or secondItem, we can clearly observe, the first and the second item were assigned according to (or not?) our expectations. As you can see, object pattern destructuring works quite well with arrays as well.
One may ask what makes an array pattern destructuring different. Let's dive in and search for an answer in the specification.
We can clearly notice that unlike ObjectAssignmentPattern (so-called object destructuring), all ArrayAssignmentPattern (so-called array destructuring) accesses iterator (as described in getIterator) as a first step of the evaluation process and then performs iterates over a retrieved iterator.
Before we move one, we need to learn what an iterator and an iterable are and how they affect array destructuring.
To keep it simple:
 - iterable — an object implementing @@iterator method which returns an Iterator object.
 - iterator — an object implementing next method, which returns done property and optionally a value. May throw.
A more precise description can be read in the linked documentation. If you want to read about it in greater detail, MDN has you covered.
It's worth mentioning that a generator object is both an iterable and an iterator. As of ECMAScript 2018, we can also distinguish an async iterable, an async iterator, and an async generator object.
Alright, let's start actual coding. Here, we've got an object literal that implements the @@iterator method.
const fooBarObj = {
 *[Symbol.iterator]() {
 yield 'foo';
 yield 'bar';
Let's try to combine that with destructuring and see what we get.
const [foo, bar] = fooBarObj;
// foo equals 'foo'
// bar equals 'bar'
Pretty neat, huh?
One may observe that the foo and bar depend on the actual result of the iteration. This tells us something more, as we will find out shortly, yet before we start digging further, we have to answer quite an important question. Why does array pattern destructuring work for arrays, then? Is an array an iterable? Yes, it is. In order to verify the correctness of our words, we can yet again visit the spec or in case you don't want to do that for some reason, you can also check it out manually as follows:
As you can see, Array.prototype.values is returned, which, I think, makes it self-explanatory why array pattern assignment works for arrays in the way we use it on our daily basis. If we re-assigned that iterator, we would get way different results, i.e.
Array.prototype[Symbol.iterator] = Array.prototype.keys;
const [firstIndex, secondIndex] = ['a', 'b'];
// firstIndex equals 0, secondIndex equals 1
Are there any other native objects that are iterables? Well, a handful, in fact. String is one of the examples, but also keyed collections (Map, Set) and most likely some other objects I don't recall. There is also a vast amount of different methods for accepting iterables.
The interesting bit here is that we can also implement an iterable method. As always, an example says more than thousands of words.
const balticCountries = ['Estonia', 'Latvia', 'Lithuania'];
const scandinavianCountries = ['Norway', 'Sweden', 'Denmark'];
Boolean.prototype[Symbol.iterator] = function* () {
 yield* balticCountries;
 yield 'Finland';
 yield* scandinavianCountries;
const [,,, theyDrinkVodka] = false;
Guess what's printed out 😉
So summing up – array pattern destructuring works for iterables, and each item points to the respective result of iteration.
As a side fact, there are more cases that may invoke iterator protocol. These include yield*, for of loop or spread operators (in some cases, i.e. for argument list or in an array literal initializer).
Please bear in mind that the following examples are meant to show the language capabilities – you shouldn't be writing such code unless you want to annoy your colleagues and/or have an unmaintainable code.
Let's take the previous example and do the following:
for (const country of true) {
as you could expect, Baltic and Scandinavian countries were logged as well as Finland.
Let's try out the spread operator within an array initializer.
Same result. What about yield*?
function* listCountries() {
 yield* false;
const countriesIt = listCountries();
while (true) {
 const { value, done } =;
 if (done === true) break;
Alright, same story.
Moreover, there is also a couple of built-in functions that accept iterables, i.e. Promise.all, Promise.race, keyed collections constructors or Array.from.
Wrapping all our gathered knowledge together, let's code a more realistic example. Imagine we deal with a data structure different than the array, i.e. linked list or tree.
Our class or object instance could simply be an iterable, as shown in the example below.
class SinglyLinkedList {
 constructor(head) {
 this.head = head;
 add() {}
 remove() {}
 *[Symbol.iterator]() {
 let node = this.head;
 while (node!== null) {
 node =;
let tail = {
 data: { code: 'de', name: 'Germany' },
 next: null,
let node = {
 data: { code: 'pl', name: 'Poland' },
 next: tail,
let head = {
 data: { code: 'at', name: 'Austria' },
 next: node,
const linkedList = new SinglyLinkedList(head);
for (const data of linkedList) {
Array.from(linkedList); // converts our list to Array
Note on transpilers
In general, transpilers such as Babel tend to have 2 modes — loose (more sloppy, less spec-compliant) and a more strict one that follows the spec. In order to see how the outputs differ, we can go to the official REPL. Let's transpile the following example using React's useState hook.
const [a, b] = useState();
Non-loose mode
'use strict';
var _slicedToArray = (function () {
 function sliceIterator(arr, i) {
 var _arr = [];
 var _n = true;
 var _d = false;
 var _e = undefined;
 try {
 } catch (err) {
 _d = true;
 _e = err;
 } finally {
 try {
 if (!_n && _i['return']) _i['return']();
 } finally {
 if (_d) throw _e;
 return _arr;
 return function (arr, i) {
 if (Array.isArray(arr)) {
 return arr;
 } else if (Symbol.iterator in Object(arr)) {
 return sliceIterator(arr, i);
 } else {
 throw new TypeError('Invalid attempt to destructure non-iterable instance');
var _useState = useState(),
 _useState2 = _slicedToArray(_useState, 2),
 a = _useState2[0],
 b = _useState2[1];
Loose mode
'use strict';
var _useState = useState(),
 a = _useState[0],
 b = _useState[1];
As we can see, the first transpiled piece of code does follow the spec more closely and performs the iteration. The latter clearly does not. Is it a safe assumption to make? Well, it is unless you modify the iterator method on the native object.
Note on JS engines
A few great resources:
I really recommend reading these.
Photo by Florian Klauer on Unsplash.


TJ tjay.dreaming at gmail.com
Fri Oct 19 10:51:23 EDT 2007
Why is it illegal to store values of differing types, but which
instance the same class, into a list? e.g.
a = [ 1, 2.0 ] :: Num a => [a]
After all, sometimes all you need to know about a list is that all the
elements support a common set of operations. If I'm implementing a 3d
renderer for example, I'd like to have
class Renderable a where
 render :: a -> RasterImage
scene :: Renderable a => [a]
Instead of hardcoding a bunch of types as being Renderable, as in
data Renderable
 = Point Something
 | Line Something
 | Polygon Something
scene :: [Renderable]
Or maybe
data Point = Point Something
data Line = Line Something
data Polygon = Polygon Something
scene :: { points :: [Point], lines :: [Line], polygons :: [Polygons] }
constructor, won't I?
Thanks a bunch,
More information about the Haskell-Cafe mailing list


text:
Richard Barber, who is Harvey W. Smith Professor of Biological Oceanography at Duke's Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, will outline additional uses of el Nino forecasting at an 8:30 a.m. Feb. 20 symposium during the American Association for the Advancement of Science's 2005 annual meeting in Washington, D.C.
The additional uses he will discuss include managing fisheries, controlling outbreaks of tropical disease and protecting marine mammals and other ocean species.
That symposium will be held in the Palladian Room on the lobby level of the Omni Shoreham Hotel.
El Nino gets its name from periodic changes in ocean currents that disrupt anchovy fishing off Peru around Christmastime. This worldwide alteration of the normal monsoon cycle changes wind and ocean temperature patterns in ways that lead to flooding in parts of the Americas, droughts in Australia, Southeast Asia and parts of Africa, and a tempering of the North Atlantic hurricane season.
Barber was part of an early multidisciplinary research effort called Coastal Upwelling Ecosystems Analysis that in 1971 began using scientific modeling to analyze the biological and physical changes behind what is more properly called the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO).
However, it took more than a decade, after 1983, before advances in supercomputing power and satellite technology allowed ENSO forecasting to "become one of the greatest success stories in American science," Barber said in an interview.
"With a small number of sensors we can now forecast what is going to happen with an ENSO nine months in advance with a great degree of certainty," he said. "However, we may not have a good idea about how strong the ENSO is going to be until six months before.
"These forecasts are now used and watched by politicians and bankers and commodity traders and all kinds of other people," Barber added. But he contends that the predictive powers of ENSO forecasting are still not being harnessed in three important areas.
For one, these reliable early alerts could be used to better manage high yield fisheries that are subject to "boom and bust" cycles -- such as those for anchovies, sardines and mackerel, he said.
ENSO forecasting could also be used to better control outbreaks of tropical diseases such as mosquito-caused malaria, he added. "It is possible to give the World Health Organization a nine-month, if not a 12-month, forecast of where excess rains are going to be in the tropics so they can pre-deploy their resources."
Finally, scientists could use the latest technological tools to assess how ENSO-caused changes in the dynamics of the oceans are likely to relocate nutrient-rich feeding zones where over-exploited or threatened marine mammals, fish and turtles are most apt to congregate.
Regulators could then prejudge where existing fishing grounds should be closed, and whether fishermen could be productively directed to alternatives sites, Barber suggested. And naval ships planning sonar exercises could avoid maneuvering in range of vulnerable marine mammals.
Barber's talk will be delivered at a symposium entitled "Biological Perturbations in the Melting World's Oceans: Impacts of Climate Change." However he says the periodic alterations of weather patterns during ENSO events actually "fit in with climate variability, not with climate change."
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


text:
January 1, 2010
Happy New Year! And best wishes for a healthy and prosperous year for all my readers and their families.
On the first day of a new year it seems appropriate to write an exercise based on calendars. Unix provides a
cal command to print calendars. There are several forms:
cal— prints a calendar for the current month
calyear — prints a twelve-month calendar for the specified year; note that year 10 occurred during the time of Christ, so you must specify 2010 for the current year
calmonth year — prints a calendar for the specified month and year; the month is given as a number from 1 to 12
cal -3— prints a three-month calendar for the prior month, current month and next month
The current date is highlighted wherever it appears.
Pages: 1 2


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Professor John Michael McNamara FRS
Professor of Mathematics and Biology, School of Mathematics, University of Bristol
McNamara has developed fundamental approaches, methods and modelling tools for the functional analysis of behaviour. His work provides a consistent logic and mathematical rigour for the theoretical and conceptual basis of the field of behavioural ecology. The general framework he proposed and developed exposes the logic of how individual actions contribute to lifetime reproductive success, and provides a common currency for actions. The framework has provided a natural way of building more holistic and realistic models of behaviour, allowing it to depend on state and time, and has had a profound influence on the modelling of behaviour across the entire field.
New Fellows Seminar presentation: Modelling adaptive behaviour (MP3)


2nd Monitor Detected But Not Displaying – How to Resolve This Issue
Adding a second monitor to your PC set up can be an excellent way to multitask or enhance your appreciation of games and movies. But nothing is more disappointing than purchasing an excellent second monitor only for it to not work. Sometimes, you might find your 2nd monitor detected but not displaying. Even the best budget monitor on the market might eventually give you some trouble. If it's time to replace your monitor look at some reviews:
In this guide, we'll go over a few tips you should keep in mind to solve this problem and enjoy your second monitor to its fullest. Also, find out what to do exactly when your computer turns on by itselfBefore all, make sure to read how to connect a monitor to a laptop in our detailed guide.
Preliminary Steps
First things first. Before you start ripping out cables or going after more drastic measures, tackle these preliminary steps to make sure that you have your bases covered. If your monitor is detected but not displaying, it might be the result of a rather simple displaying issue instead of something more complex. Double-check all of these aspects before moving on to the rest of the guide.
using the 2nd monitor
1. Is This the First Use?
First off, consider whether this is the first time you've used the second monitor. If it is the first time, that automatically indicates that it's probably certain kinds of issues instead of others. For instance, a monitor that never works with your computer might have a hardware issue. On the other hand, a monitor that previously worked just fine but is now not displaying might have issues with drivers or other software.
If your monitor previously worked, chances are good that the hardware is all intact. That means you can focus on software workarounds or other solutions. But if this is the first time the monitor has ever been plugged into your computer, you'll probably need to go through every possible solution to cover all your bases. It might be a hardware issue or a software issue, or both.
One other thing to keep in mind is whether your computer has recently updated and the monitor worked previously. If that's the case, chances are very good that it's a software issue.
2. Restart Your Computer
This sounds like a cliché, but it's one of the most recommended technical difficulty pieces of advice for reason. Restart your computer gives your PC a chance to restart its functions from the ground up. As a computer boots up, it initializes certain foundational systems before moving on to things like monitor displays.
Sometimes, when you install a new monitor and its requisite software and drivers, your computer gets confused about what it should prioritize. Restarting the computer allows it to properly categorize the new monitor's functions. It can also work to help your PC detect the monitor in the first place. Sometimes, if you don't restart your computer after installing new software, the PC fails to recognize the new gadget you're trying to use.
3. Test With An Alternative Configuration
You should also tinker with the configuration of your monitor. This might mean plugging it into different ports if your PC has multiple ports for several monitors in the first place. You should also try plugging your primary monitor into the port you're trying to use for your second monitor. This will give you an idea of whether it's the port for the computer or if it's the monitor that's causing the problem.
Another good solution is to plug in this second monitor and unplug your primary monitor. If the second monitor works just fine when plugged in where the first monitor normally is, chances are good you have a problem with the secondary port. This, again, helps you to narrow down whether the issue is based on hardware or software.
4. Are the Drivers Updated?
Driver updates are a huge reason why certain technological accessories and gadgets don't work with certain PCs. You need to make sure that your PC's dedicated display drivers for its graphics card are fully updated before attempting to use a second monitor.
That's because monitors are often packaged with drivers that are designed for the latest software of your PC. If your PC hasn't been updated in some time, it might be that the monitor can't properly communicate with your computer because it's "out of date".
Possible drivers you might need to look for are AMD, NVIDIA GeForce, and even Intel Integrated Graphics. You can normally find links to various driver pages by checking out the control panel for your graphics card.
5. Checked for Viruses
You should also investigate whether a virus might be the cause of your display woes. All PCs should have antivirus and anti-malware software already installed. But if you don't, chances are good your last venture onto the Internet picked up a few bugs that might be hampering your system and its integration.
However, viruses aren't normally responsible for making monitors not work properly. This is just something to cover as a failsafe. You never really know, and it's a good thing to do a virus check whenever something doesn't work correctly with your computer as a general rule.
If you've walked through all of these preliminary steps, you can now move on to actual fixes.
2 monitors on the desk
7 Steps to Fix 2nd Monitor Detected But Not Displaying
Whether you have a Dell or the best FreeSync monitor around, there are two possible reasons your second monitor is not displaying: either it's a software issue or a hardware issue. A software issue means that there is some error in communication between the monitor and your computer.
This is usually centered around driver incompatibility, or it might be something to do with your operating system. Rarely, a virus might mess with your computer's software and code enough to make it impossible to join a second display to your system.
It might also be a hardware issue. A hardware issue is something physically wrong with either the monitor or your computer. This might be something with the monitor's actual construction or it might be something wrong with the monitor port on the back of your computer.
Step 1: Change the Dual Monitor's Display Settings
If your second monitor is detected but not displaying, sometimes it's just a setting messing things up. Look into your "Display Settings" by right-clicking on an empty area within your desktop. Find the detection button and Windows will automatically try to detect the monitor.
If that doesn't work, press Windows Key + X. This will lead you to a Device Manager. Here you can double-check that your graphics card is being detected by the Windows operating system. Look under the "Display Adapters" and "Monitors" tabs. You should also see if any errors have a yellow caution sign. This indicates an issue with that part of the system or graphics card that needs to be addressed. Although this is going to vary a lot per person, one of our readers (his comment below) said:
This helped him:
 1. Go to Display Settings (you can go there by doing a right clicking on an empty area within desktop)
 2. Select the Monitor (in my case, it was monitor 2)
 3. Try clicking Identify (It did not help me)
 4. Go to "Advanced Display Settings" at the bottom of the page
 5. Click on "Display adapter properties for display-2"
 6. Go to Monitor tab
 7. Select a different screen refresh rate (in my case, 60 Hertz worked even though my monitor supports 75 Hertz)
Again, what actually works for you may be different, but this is one example of one reader utilizing great problem solving skills!
Step 2: Check and Test the Hardware
As we said earlier, try using your secondary monitor as your primary monitor. If this doesn't work, then there's a good chance you have a hardware error within the monitor itself.
To test this, try replacing your secondary monitor with a third monitor. If the third monitor works fine, then the second monitor is likely faulty. You could also try connecting the secondary monitor to a separate PC, laptop or desktop. If it works with that PC, then you know that the monitor itself is working properly and it's something unique to your main PC that is causing the issue.
Beyond that, do some common sense checking and investigate the cables and outer appearance of the ports for both devices. Is there visible damage? If so, you might be able to get a replacement if you have a warranty for the monitor.
Step 3: Reinstall or Update Your Graphics Drivers
If hardware all checks out, you need to move on to software and driver updates. Your computer's graphics driver is responsible for integrating the computer software programs with your graphics hardware. These drivers should always be updated, but occasionally they miss their automatic updates.
Step 3A: Updating Graphics Driver with Manufacturer Control Panel
Go back to the Device Manager tab mentioned earlier. Then click on "Display Adapters". You can right-click on the graphics card and manually update the drivers. Do this for all the graphics cards you have. It's here that you can also reinstall or update graphics driver manually if they are already up to date.
You can alternatively check the dedicated website for your graphics card provider, whether it's Intel, AMD, or NVIDIA. They usually have new updates on their front page.
Finally, make sure your Windows operating system is also updated. Type "Check for Updates" in the Windows search bar at the bottom left corner of your screen. This will automatically search for and install any relevant updates.
Step 4: Perform System Restore
If your second monitor is not displaying but you use Windows 10, you can perform a system restore to bring your computer to a previous state. This is useful if Windows updates and


American Astronomical Society - Sustainability Sustainability Tag Definition: Relates to the Sustainability Committee, a green AAS and energy conservation. en Traveling Virtually: How to Work Effectively with Less Travel Maintaining professional connections, running experiments, and disseminating results are key parts of the scientific process. Therefore, astronomers have long required and enjoyed frequent travel for attending meetings, observing, and giving seminars/colloquia. However, in the current era of shrinking budgets we are forced to consider how grant funding is best used, and part of the solution may be to find alternatives to air travel. It is an opportunity to assess whether all the travel we do is required. Improving technology now allows us to do remotely much of the work that previously required a physical trip. Reduced travel has the added benefits of reducing astronomy's large per-capita carbon footprint and doing our part to conserve energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions that are responsible for global warming. This article reviews some of the alternatives to travel and seeks to provide recommendations on how to work remotely effectively. Meetings Budget pressure and technology improvements are now driving a trend for more virtual meetings. NSF grant review panels are now done virtually, saving significant money and travel time. Committee members have had positive experiences with these reviews. The Gemini International Time Allocation Committee (ITAC) used to hold a two-day physical meeting requiring international or long-distance travel by most members. This is now done in roughly half a day with a virtual meeting that uses custom online interactive software. Many other examples exist and are only becoming more common. With the proper tools and organization virtual meetings can be very effective. Different solutions for effective remote meetings are appropriate for different environments. Hardware solutions such as Polycom systems can create "virtual conference rooms" that are appropriate for times when groups of people can be assembled into a few locations. These tend to be used by institutions with conference rooms that can afford the dedicated hardware. Polycom conferences work well for face-to-face discussions and non-interactive presentations (e.g., slides). However, too many connections make the images of the participants small and hard to see. The screen resolution is usually too low to view computer screens for interactive work or demonstrations. Collaborative work probably requires specialized software (e.g., the Gemini ITAC software), or web services such as Google Drive, Microsoft Office 365, or equivalents. WebEx is another commercial product that allows sharing of presentations in a virtual conference setting that one may consider. We have learned that it is used extensively for NASA meetings and by observatories like NRAO. Software solutions such as Skype, Google+ Hangout, and GoToMeeting are effective on most computers and mobile devices and seem to be better for smaller groups and interactive demonstrations. They are generally cheaper than Polycoms, but reliability and smoothness of communication may depend on the service selected and the number of connections required. Since these solutions run on normal computers, they are good for very distributed groups and individuals. They tend to have higher screen resolutions than Polycoms, allowing for a more personal experience and effective screen sharing. One might consider using Polycoms in addition to a screen-sharing service as an alternative. While camera resolutions and bandwidth continue to improve, virtual meetings will not replace the experience of physically meeting and interacting with colleagues. Detecting subtle visual clues that are important for good communication requires good bandwidth and resolution. If you are going to be doing frequent remote meetings with the same people then it is very useful to start with a physical meeting. The better you know the person on the other end of the fiber, the easier it is to videoconference with them. While a lot of meetings can now be attended virtually, sometimes physical meetings are important and appropriate. The point is to be selective about the meetings you attend in person. If you are organizing or planning to attend a meeting there are a few things that can be done to minimize the amount of travel needed and the carbon footprint of the event. First, avoid meetings that require as much or more travel time than the duration of the meeting, e.g., flying from the US to Europe for a two-day workshop. These are good opportunities for virtual meetings. Second, consider organizing short but related meetings together so that the attendees don't have to travel as often. This is an obvious time and money saver that is becoming more and more common. The AAS offers various services to encourage combining meetings, including splinter sessions and "meetings in a meeting" during AAS meetings. Recently the TMT Science Forum was organized back-to-back with its Science Working Group meeting. These are just two of many examples. Meeting organizers should consider having the meetings in central locations near major airports that minimize the travel distance for all participants. Consider holding meetings that are accessible with a single direct flight rather than two flights (take-offs and landings are especially fuel intensive). Finally, consider webcasting and/or allowing virtual attendance at the meetings for participants who are not able to travel. These and other recommendations were discussed in the Sustainability Committee's splinter meeting at AAS 220 in Anchorage in 2012. More information can be found on the Sustainable AAS page. Observing New modes of observing now allow for the collection of data without the need to travel long distances to observing runs that can be easily weathered out. Queue or service observing is a popular mode in which observatory staff executes the observations in the conditions for which they were requested. This mode is also advantageous for observing objects with timing constraints such as eclipses, occultations, and supernovae and GRB follow-up. All space observatories and many major ground-based observatories — including Gemini, VLT, ALMA, and the VLA — offer or are exclusively queue scheduled. Next-generation facilities such as the ELTs are also considering, and should be encouraged to implement, queue scheduling. Some astronomers feel that with queue observing they lose the ability to provide feedback to the observatory about their data, or lose that vital "personal connection" with the observatory. All queue-scheduled observatories provide some means for feedback and the processes have been improving over time. Gemini sends email daily to notify PIs of new data, with a link to download the files. PIs can then evaluate the data and send feedback or request changes to their contact scientists. For more immediate interaction, a new "eavesdropping" mode allows a remote PI to "look over the shoulder" of a queue observer via a Skype connection when the PI's observations come up in the queue. Data can be obtained in near real-time for on-the-fly evaluation. This mode is especially useful for complicated target acquisitions and when the target brightness, and therefore the exposure time, is not well known. Other observatories such as Keck, LBT, Apache Point (APO), SOAR, and GBT provide remote observing where the observer controls the telescope from an office in their institution. ALMA is planning to move operations to Santiago, making it remotely operated for staff and saving them travel. VNC connections and/or special remote observing software are used to control the telescope and instruments and view data as if you were on-site. The observer is still subject to the vagaries of the weather and the Internet but avoids the time and expense of a long trip and can immediately evaluate the data and make adjustments. With video conferencing it is helpful to know the people first; with remote and queue observing it is helpful to know the observatory first. Some observatories, like SOAR, APO, and GBT, require observers to make a site visit for training before they can observe remotely. Visiting a telescope with queue scheduling can teach you a lot about how its systems and instruments work so that you can get the most out of your telescope time. Classical, or visitor, observing is one way to visit, but not the only way. Gemini encourages both queue and classical PIs to visit for a week or two to learn the system, meet the staff, reduce data, and give a science talk. This is especially good for students. The visitors, and the observatory, get more out of the visit and the PIs go home feeling better connected to the facility and often become more effective queue observers. Get Involved The trends toward virtual meetings and remote/queue observing are being driven by a combination of budgetary and operations/flexibility considerations. These are also important steps toward making our profession more sustainable in the future, as the need to reduce the human carbon footprint becomes increasingly clear. In this, all of us have


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Grand Canyon Tours for Students and Educational Groups
Outdoor adventures are tremendous educational opportunities for students. The Grand Canyon region is a perfect location for your school's student travel. In addition to the important character-building aspects of student travel, exposure to a constant stream of interactive lessons in the sciences, history, environmental awareness and the arts are woven through the entire canyon experience. Our guides are expert educators, offering hands on outdoor experiences to your students. It is common knowledge that interactive experiential based learning reaches students on all levels; which is why we achieve lasting success. When students recall their school years, it is your willingness to commit to experiences such as this, that they and their parents cherish.
It is important to remember that students, especially in the pre-teen/teenage group, will have their adult persona highly shaped and influenced by experiences such as this. Learning and experiencing the Grand Canyon, expands students thinking and teaches them that the world is a complex system, filled a wide variety places and people. The challenges of this quiet and primitive natural environment helps ground "less focused" students. Students may be learning but lets not forget... they will be having fun! Our experienced staff know how to guide them through all of this in a safe manner.
We will help you to customize your school's itinerary. Activities can include:
- Geology Tours of Grand Canyon and the surrounding region
- Student Hiking Experiences
- Student Backpacking
- Wilderness Camping, this is a favorite!
- Climbing Experiences to challenge and build confidence
- Real World Survival Skills
- Mountain Biking
- Trail Rides
- Nature appreciation through Art
- Native American Cultural Experiences
- Southwestern Cultural Astronomy
- River Rafting and Float Trips!
Our professional tour planners can you set up an itinerary that will complement the classroom experience, by incorporating elements of your curriculum into the tour. We will provide lesson planning and telephone support to assist your faculty in all areas pertinent to this trip.
The safety and security of participants is our top priority. Our highly experienced staff has unsurpassed knowledge of this region, and will keep your kids safe. Comfortable transportation and appropriate lodging have been specifically selected to be group-friendly, insuring maximum comfort and peace of mind.
Reasons to Travel with All-Star Grand Canyon Tours:
- Customized Educational Tour Plans
- 24-Hour Emergency Trained Staff
- Educator owned environmentally aware company
- Exceptionally skilled staff that is medically trained and fingerprint certified
- We have an excellent staff to student ratio
We look forward to working with you and your students!


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Probabilistic Nowcasting of Winter Weather for Airports
"The PNOWWA project will produce methods for the probabilistic short-term forecasting of winter weather and enable the assessment of the uncertainty in the ground part of 4D trajectories. 4D trajectory management is a necessary concept to meet future growth in air traffic; probabilistic forecasts will be used in ATM applications to support operational planning in surface management and ATM decision making, thereby increasing airport capacity, shortening delays and promoting safety.
PNOWWA will demonstrate very short-term (0-3h, "nowcast") probabilistic winter weather forecasts in 15min time resolution based on an extrapolation of movement of weather radar echoes and improve predictability of changes in snowfall intensity caused by underlying terrain (such as mountains and seas). Research demonstrations are conducted both offline and online at the Operative User Environment (OUE) site representing influence of the underlying terrain to forecast accuracy. An extensive user consultation will analyze needs to ensure products are suitable to be integrated in various applications on the ATM side. The adjustment to user needs will cover the most relevant parameters (visibility, intensity and snow depth) and operationally important thresholds of the selected parameters (e.g. heavy snowfall).
The PNOWWA project has linkages to completed work in ongoing EU SESAR1 program, where FMI developed Step 1 (Time Based Operations) winter weather solutions based on deterministic forecasts to local OUE. The initial concept of short-range snowfall forecasts improvement with usage of weather radar has been validated in that context, and the second phase solutions (Step 2: Trajectory-based Operations) will be developed in EU SESAR 2020 program. The proposed PNOWWA project will develop the methods for deducing probability forecasts of winter weather required by SESAR 2020. PNOWWA project will also deliver a roadmap towards implementation with connection points in future SESAR projects."


text:
This eLearning module has been designed to meet the needs of workers who come into contact with people who may use Novel Psychoactive Substances (sometimes known as Legal Highs).
By the end of this module, participants will be able to:
- Name the seven categories of substances which apply to NPS.
- Recall the legislation affecting NPS and where to access further information on the legal status of individual substances.
- Recall current and emerging trends with regards to NPS in Scotland.
- Give an overview of two key substances in use.
- Identify techniques to support users of NPS.
- Describe typical patterns of use, including poly-substance use.


text:
On Thursday, April 19, 2007, the Russell Sage Foundation celebrated the 100th anniversary of its founding by Mrs. Margaret Olivia Sage in 1907. To mark the occasion, the Foundation held a day-long symposium focused on some of the principal issues that have concerned the Foundation over its long history—and which continue to engage RSF as it moves into its second century. A distinguished roster of social scientists discussed the plight of low-wage workers, the stratification of American society, immigration and diversity in the United States, and the role of social science in addressing these issues. The day concluded with the Foundation's Centennial Dinner, at which Ira Katznelson of Columbia University delivered the keynote address: "Boundaries and Borderlands: Reflections on Organized Social Knowledge."
Keynote and Commentaries
"Today, faced by the robust vigor shown by illiberal nostrums, radically heightened inequality, and passionate unreason sometimes married to just causes, the Foundation's vocation has become more difficult and more significant."


Tuesday, October 26, 2010
Desaturate an image -- without JavaScript + client side + cross browser
so how to grayscale an arbitrary image at client side?
in Internet Explorer it's a one CSS liner:
_TAG_ { filter: gray }
In webkit and firefox there is currently -- in 2010 -- no way to desaturate an image solely with CSS.
So for a client side solution there is only 2 ways left: canvas and SVG. While the canvas solution is perfectly valid i feel the SVG solution to be more elegant, because with the SVG solution it's only html and css thus only markup language.
The solution
so how do i use SVG to desaturate my image?
basicaly it's only the following 3 snippets of code:

 0.3333 0.3333 0.3333 0 0
 0.3333 0.3333 0.3333 0 0
 0 0 0 1 0"/>

and following CSS code:
_TAG_ { filter:url(_TAG_) }
put the SVG filter element at any position in your html code, but be sure that it's displayed. so amongst others don't use "display: none". in order to hide the SVG element you can use height="0" and width="0" instead.
for firefox becarefull to use the right namespace for your SVG elements. hence be sure to use xhtml or to use the functions createElementNS and setAttributeNS.
If you go the xhtml way don't forget to:
-add following attributes to your html element:
-set the extension of your html file to.xhtml
Arbitrary SVG effect on arbitrary html element?
what about using an arbitrary SVG effect on an arbitrary html element?
in firefox you can simply style any html element with any svg effect using CSS, see _URL_
in webkit you could use the element but unfortunately not all SVG effects works on embeded objects, e.g. see _URL_
in internet explorer use the CSS filter property.
in webkit and firefox use a SVG filter element for the desaturation then use a SVG image element to load your image and finally apply the filter on the image with CSS.
for firefox and webkit you can see a live example on dooity.com -- look at the twitter and facebook icons in the footnote.
 1. very nice blog, man! continue to help us out with your nice articles, Birtoull!
 2. This is awesome, more posts like this one :)
 3. This comment has been removed by the author.
 4. Hey man. Great post!
 I put together a tutorial that explains how to do this using only CSS/HTML. It makes use of the opacity and transition style declarations. With this, two images can create a "transition illusion" between themselves using the :hover pseudo-selector.
 Check it out and let me know what you think. You can find the tutorial here.
 5. after practice, still not worked for blogger...hehehe
 but i can fixed...hohohoho
 ty ty ty


Take the 2-minute tour ×
In Ubuntu SDK QML tutorial a simple currency converter is build. The complete QML source code can be found here. When working through the example I found the following snippet somewhat confusing, particularly line 92 where the index field is assigned to caller.currencyIndex.
ListView {
 clip: true
 width: parent.width
 height: parent.height - header.height
 model: currencies
 delegate: Standard {
 objectName: "popoverCurrencySelector"
 text: currency
 onClicked: {
 caller.currencyIndex = index // where does index come from?
I couldn't find any clue in the documentation where index is defined. What it should contain is absolutely obvious, but where does it come from? If it is a property of the Standard list view item it is nowhere documented.
share|improve this question
1 Answer 1
up vote 3 down vote accepted
index is a property of the ListView delegate, not necessarily a ListItem. It represents the number of the currentItem. From the docs:
The index is exposed as an accessible index property. Properties of the model are also available depending upon the type of Data Model.
share|improve this answer
That was exactly the piece of documentation I was looking for! Would've never expected this to be a property of the delegate. – ubuntudroid Mar 3 at 8:32
Your Answer


Fig. 4. The Elkhorn Slough regional greenprint and mitigation portfolios, as identified through the MARXAN runs. The upper image is the regional conservation potfolio using representation targets set by the local environmental group, the Elkhorn Slough Foundation. The lower image is a portfolio of sites that could meet the mitigation needs for four Caltrans projects planned in the watershed. The darkest-blue parcels contain biological resources that are limited, and thus, are more difficult to substitute for other parcels. The lighter parcels may be just as highly suitable, but the resources they contain could be found on other parcels. In the lower map, any parcel with a color other than tan, can be thought of as a candidate for fulfilling mitigation obligations.


I know this sentence:
your message has been sent
the subject is no known.
I know this sentence:
you have been registered.
the subject is no known.
but what is this:
I have been really worried these past few days?
here the subject is known, how this is good grammer? why the author not say : "I was worried"? sorry my english is bad
 - worried is a verb, right? Apr 14 '13 at 9:39
 - 1
 "worried" in your example is an adjective, "to be" is the verb
 – fluffy
 Apr 14 '13 at 9:48
 - _USER_ this is the whole sentnce, so it doesn't have a verb??? Apr 14 '13 at 9:54
 - _USER_ but I know that after Have been, i have to put verb +ing If there is a subject, right? Apr 14 '13 at 9:54
 - 1
 Smolina, there are a lot, however the following list consents you to start: believe, doubt, feel, hate, imagine, know, like, love, prefer, realize, recognise, remember, see, suppose, think, understand, want, wish.
 – user114
 Apr 14 '13 at 11:09
The first two are examples of present perfect passive. The verbs are respectively "has been sent" and "have been registered". We do not know who did it, that is why we use the passive. Sent and registered are the past participles of the verbs send and register.
The third sentence is an example of present perfect active, where the verb is "have been" (worried is an adjective). You can put it in any tense you want, depending on the context, for example "I was worried about you but now I am fine." or "I have never been more worried in my life."
If you expand the second example further, you will see that worried can not be the verb in this sentence: "I have never been (quite) as worried about you as in these past few hours."
There's a problem over terminology here. Since ELL is about learning language, we should probably stick to the standard meaning of the word "subject" in matters of grammar. Highlighted subjects are...
Your message has been sent.
You have been registered.
The undefined but implicit referent is the agent (who/whatever sent the message, or registered you).
We assume there must be such an entity in those examples, because the meanings of the verbs involved require that there's an agent acting upon an object (technically speaking, acting on a patient).
If the agent is explicitly specified, it may well also be the grammatical "subject"...
John has sent your message.
John has registered you.
...but the agent might not be the subject even when present...
Your message has been sent by John.
You have been registered by John.
Turning to...
I have been really worried these past few days. (again, with the "grammatical subject" highlighted)
...the verb to worry doesn't normally imply an agent acting on an object/patient (there's only really you involved if you say I worry when I go to bed at night).
Semantically, there's not much to differentiate Present Tense I worry from the passive version I am worried. Essentially, the verb to worry is simply being used to create an "adjectival" worried from the past tense, but follow that link if you want the BBC's fine distinction (which I wouldn't bother too much about).
The "headline" difference between Present Perfect passive (not active, I don't think)...
1: I have been really worried these past few days.
...and Simple Past passive...
2: I was worried.
...arises from the fact that Present Perfect (as per the name) implies a stronger connection/continuity from the past to the present time (which may by extension emphasise the duration more). But this is also a "fine distinction". In practice, OP's #1 and #2 are mainly just stylistic choices.
(I can't resist putting this section in, but note that it's not relevant to all learners... :)
The verb to worry can have an agent and a patient, particularly when it has OED's sense 3a...
trans. To seize by the throat with the teeth and tear or lacerate; to kill or injure by biting and shaking. Said e.g. of dogs or wolves attacking sheep, or of hounds when they seize their quarry.
So if we can postulate a sheep who speaks English, she might say...
I was worried yesterday.
...then grammatically, she might mean either of...
That new untrained sheepdog worried me (it attacked me).
I was worried (e.g. - that the new dog might not be able to herd us back into the pen in time for tea).


text:
The Violate Man
The Violate Man is the first book-length study of representations of male/male rape in U.S. American culture. Although it might seem that this topic is underrepresented, male/male rape appears in the news with surprising frequency. A spectacular example of this are the photographs from Abu Ghraib documenting the humiliation, both violent and sexual, of male prisoners in Iraq. In the U.S., academic studies have demonstrated and newsmedia reports substantiate that male/male rape is a lived reality in society, a health crisis in U.S. American prisons, a rising epidemic in the military, and a significant component of the problem of sexual assault on college campuses. As the problem of rape in the real world continues, representations of male/male rape, especially jokes, have proliferated on television and at the movies. Think, for example, of Betty White's 2010 appearance on Saturday Night Live, which included a sequence joking about prison rape – "the wizard of ass" is White's memorable punchline.
The Violate Man argues that because official studies and education on the topic of male/male rape are so rare, it is this unofficial discourse – especially narrative representation in the movies and on television – that currently shapes our society's thinking about male/male rape. Rather than a topic that is avoided or silenced, discourse around male/male rape is actually common, and it is put to specific cultural uses, frequently coded and decoded, and freighted with a complicated but widely shared set of cultural meanings. This will be the first book to develop critical ways of examining these phenomena and the first to theorize the effects of these representations on a culture in which this violence itself is increasingly common.
The Violate Man focuses specifically on discourse about male/male rape as opposed to acts of rape in the real world. Each chapter addresses a different medium of entertainment, switching carefully between newsmedia, theatre, fiction, film, and serial television. Discrete treatment of each medium allows the book to treat a wide swath of U.S. American culture, while also addressing the formal concerns important to each medium.
Engaging with queer theory (primarily Eve Sedgwick and Leo Bersani), gender theory (primarily Judith Butler and Kaja Silverman), and theories of violence such as those of Freud, Rollo May, and Erich Fromm, The Violate Man argues that questions surrounding male/male sexual violence have much to teach us about the limits of our thinking about sex, gender, violence, equality, and difference. Our contemporary moment is rife with confusion about "toxic masculinity" and other intersections between violence and gender. This book addresses those questions by charting a history of U.S. American images of male/male rape from 1965 to the present day.
My title uses the uncommon adjective violate – a word describing an object that has been violated – because of its homophony with the word violet. In this way I am intending the title The Violate Man to do what narrative representations of the violated male body often silently work to do: create an equation between the violate and the violet, conflating homosexuality or femininity with the violated body.


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Describing and Understanding Racial Disparities
This project explores "Tapered Multivariate Matching," a new theory and conceptual framework for examining racial disparities and quality of care. The aims of the study are to apply the tapered multivariate matching framework to breast and colorectal cancer using the national Medicare-SEER database to identify specific aspects of patient care that lead to quality differences by race and to demonstrate how tapered multivariate matching results can be conveyed in a clear and understandable report to policy analysts and the public.
Recently Completed Projects
Provider Specialty and Outcomes in Ovarian Cancer
This project studied practice variations and outcomes across specialty type in ovarian cancer. The project used multivariate counter-matching, which allowed for adjustment by factors such as age, comorbidities, disease stage, chemotherapy and provider information when appropriate, utilizing the minimum number of matched pairs needed to detect important differences.
Race, Treatment and Endometrial Cancer Survival
Between 1992 and 1998, five-year survival for African-American women with endometrial cancer was 58.9 percent, compared to 85.8 percent for Caucasian women. Prior studies have identified several factors that contribute to this disparity, including later stage at diagnosis and higher tumor grade. However, significant differences in survival between African-American women persist even after adjusting for these factors. This project explored the contribution of differences in treatment to the higher mortality among African-American women.
An Economic Study of Adverse Events Across Conditions
The aim of this project was to develop a global model to estimate adverse events accounting for the distribution of cancer types. In particular, the relationship between adverse effects such as neutropenia and anemia, chemotherapy usage and cancer types was analyzed though a process of direct standardization. This work allowed for future comparisons across institutions on the management of adverse events given chemotherapy regimen and cancer types.


Flying Paws
antonyms of cave
Collect eggs, raise them to adulthood, and then breed them to create interesting lineages. v. break down, literally or metaphorically. Verb of cave in. Synonyms for cave in in Free Thesaurus. Endanger, expose, attack. 2. Full list of antonyms for Shield is here. Definition and synonyms of cave from the online English dictionary from Macmillan Education.. More than 47,200 antonyms available on What are the antonyms for the word Mammoth Cave National Park? Man-made Man-made fiber Man-made lake Man-of-the-earth Man-of-war Man-of-war … antonyms of persistent. Dragon Cave is an online adoptables game. You can find out all the thesauruses of the word cave. Shoal Cave uniquely features a high tide and low tide mechanic, where certain areas are only reachable during a specific time of day. Laziness, apathy, lethargy. Princeton's WordNet (0.00 / 0 votes) Rate these antonyms: cave (verb) a geological formation consisting of an underground enclosure with access from the surface of the ground or from the sea. Click on a word above to view its definition. What are synonyms for cave in? Word of the Day: smithereens. Meaning: cave keɪv. abyss: : an immeasurably deep gulf or great space gazed down into the gaping abyss the ocean's abysses (figurative) a widening abyss between the rich and the poor. I should have let the students try to come up with an antonym before I responded with non-communicative.... Not a true antonym, but you may be able to use farmer. Opposites For Related Words Like Mammoth Cave National Park. - Avoid repetitions in a text. n. 1. I had felt _____ after a good night's sleep, but the 10-mile run left me feeling ____. cave synonyms, cave pronunciation, cave translation, English dictionary definition of cave. Examples of synonyms A hollow or natural passage under or into the earth, especially one with an opening to the surface. Rare words are dimmed. yield, surrender, submit, succumb, back down, make concessions, capitulate, give in, give up, raise the white flag, show the white flag Use antonyms to spice up your choice of words and to vary sentence structures. Define cave. grotto: : cave. Organize by: [Syllables] Letters: Show rare words: [Yes] No: Show phrases: [Yes] No: See cave used in context: 100+ rhymes, … I asked the students to write responses after creating their cave paintings. There is no antonym (opposite) of the noun cave (a hollow or cavity, usually in rock or soil).The verb "to cave" (surrender, capitulate) could have an antonym defend, or contend. Antonyms are used to express the opposite of a word. See more. Antonyms for cave in include withstand, hold out against, hold out, resist, deny, endure, stand, defy, oppose and hold off. Opposite of having a strong commitment After the deep _____ of the cave, the sudden _____ of the screeching birds startled us. What are opposite words of Shield? What is the opposite of Man Cave? Antonyms MCQ Questions and answers with easy and logical explanations.English Aptitude MCQ provides all type of competitive english mcq questions on Antonyms which is important for exams like Banking exams,IBPS,SCC,CAT,XAT,MAT etc. — Use cave in a sentence. What are the thesauruses of the word cave? Antonyms for 'Man cave'. Typically, dweller would be preceded by a noun indicating the type of place where the dweller dwells (forest-dweller, cave-dweller, mountain-dweller, swamp-dweller, tree-dweller, city-dweller, stackexchange-dweller, etc). Write pairs of antonyms to complete the sentences. Cave definition, a hollow in the earth, especially one opening more or less horizontally into a hill, mountain, etc. Antonyms straighten admonish chew out Etymology troll (English) troll (Middle English (_PHONE_)) trollen (Middle English (_PHONE_)) 10. troll verb. What are opposite words of Cave in? New dragons are added regularly! Find more opposite words at! Antonym definition. Antonyms for cave in. What are synonyms for cave in? As you can see, not only synonyms and antonyms, but also hypernyms, hyponyms, meronyms, anagrams, holonyms, idioms phrases, homorhymes, homophones, prefixes and suffixes. 10 antonyms for Man Cave (opposite of Man Cave). Synonyms/Hypernyms (Ordered by Estimated Frequency) of noun cave_in 1 sense of cave in Sense 1 cave in, subsidence-- (the sudden collapse of something into a hollow beneath it) => collapse-- (a natural event caused by something suddenly falling down or caving in; "the roof is in danger of collapse"; "the collapse of the old star under its own gravity") Alternative for cave in. Antonym of cave in. An antonym is a word, adjective, verb or expression whose meaning is opposite to that of a word. n. the sudden collapse of something into a hollow beneath it. This is the British English definition of cave.View American English definition of cave.. Change your default dictionary to American English. Auch für Smartphones und Tablets als NativeApp optimiert! v. hollow out as if making a cave … cave (verb) a geological formation consisting of an underground enclosure with access from the surface of the ground or from the sea. Here's a list of opposite words and antonyms. Find all the antonyms of the word cave in presented in a simple and clear manner. n. a geological formation consisting of an underground enclosure with access from the surface of the ground or from the sea. (ˈtroʊl) Cause to move round and round. people do not own an antonyms dictionary nor do most word processor applications have an antonyms dictionary 27 Shield antonyms. Finde das Gegenteil von einem Wort. B. Here you can find the antonyms list for the word cave in to. is the web's best resource for English synonyms, antonyms, and definitions. Synonyms and antonyms are intended to: - Enrich a text, an email, a message. Also you can find some other opposite words using the online search on our website. English Dictionary antonyms of Persistent. Einfach, schnell, kostenlos! Gegenteil von cave, Das Gegenteil von cave, Gegenteile für cave, Antonym für cave, antonym of cave, opposite of cave, Gegenteil für cave, Antonym von cave - Das kostenlose Nachschlagewerk für Gegenteile/Antonyme. Words Related to cave. Please support me and help me. Examples of synonyms Best antonyms for'man cave' are 'family hearth', 'homely home' and 'hearth and home'. I am having little problems with these questions I'm struggling and I'm confused how will I solve it. Page-1 section-16 7 synonyms for cave in: subsidence, collapse, fall in, give way, founder, give, break. Antonyms of adj tenebrific 1 sense of tenebrific Sense 1 tenebrous, tenebrific, tenebrious-- (dark and gloomy; "a tenebrous cave") INDIRECT (VIA dark) -> light-- (characterized by or emitting light; "a room that is light when the shutters are open"; "the inside of the house was airy and light") Similarity of adj tenebrific Antonyms for CAVE keɪv This page is about all possible antonyms and opposite words for the term CAVE. I asked them to use three sets of antonyms to relate their experience of being a cave painter. Full list of antonyms for Cave in is here. cave, undermine (verb) hollow out as if making a cave or opening "The river was caving the banks" Synonyms: subvert, undermine, cave, spelunk, countermine, sabotage, weaken, counteract. 1. Commonly used words are shown in bold. Resist, reject, oppose. 7 synonyms for cave in: subsidence, collapse, fall in, give way, founder, give, break. 10 Types Of Nouns Used In The English Language, How Words For Tastes Became Words For Traits. More 100 Cave in antonyms. Full list of antonyms for Persistent is here. Use of synonyms and antonyms. chasm: : a deep cleft in the surface of a planet (such as the earth) : …
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The three major elements of the training program are:
- Direct research experience
- Directed study and data analysis
- A core seminar program.
The principal emphasis is on direct involvement in ongoing research. The core seminar program provides a modest structured, didactic experience. In addition, postdoctoral trainees are encouraged to take coursework in fields new to them to broaden their knowledge base in preparation for interdisciplinary research activities. There are also limited patient care and teaching opportunities. These various elements are described below.
Active mentorship is an important feature of the Center's fellowship program. The faculty is devoted to the academic success of the fellows and each fellow develops a relationship with one or two faculty advisors to supervise her or his research plans, publications, and career development. Our goal is to provide all fellows with an experience tailored to their career needs and including experience in research, manuscript preparation and publication, scientific presentations, grant-writing, and planning for future academic appointments.
The Center includes some $10 million annually in funded research projects providing ample opportunity for fellows to gain experience in research design, intervention design, and implementation, process evaluation, statistical methods and analytic software, metabolic and physiologic measurement, laboratory analysis, etc. Fellows typically select one or two ongoing research projects as the focal point of their research experience.
All fellows will engage in directed readings of major articles in the field of cardiovascular disease prevention. This reading provides a framework for understanding the current and future activities of the Center and for developing research and data analysis ideas. Postdoctoral fellows are expected to undertake a data analysis project in an area of interest utilizing data collected in various Center-sponsored research projects. This requires a literature review and consulting on data management and statistical methods with members of the faculty.
The core seminar program provides a structured review of basic materials in chronic disease prevention, provides a forum for discussion of research projects, and promotes continuing review of relevant literature. There is a regular, informal research and publication discussion group held semi-monthly, sponsored by the SPRC faculty. Other aspects of chronic disease prevention, including activities of scholars outside the Center, are provided by a weekly Research Seminar. This series is planned to include the broad range of activities within the Center, including clinical, behavioral, and community topics.
Health Improvement Program
The Stanford Health Improvement Program is a comprehensive wellness program for faculty, staff, and retirees. HIP includes projects that can accommodate part-time help from fellows, which is an excellent way to earn supplemental income. Past projects have included:
- Database management and data analysis
- Curriculum development
- Revision of existing health promotion materials
- Training programs, and teaching
HIP can also assist with the recruitment of individuals for pilot projects, focus groups, or scientific investigations
Master of Science Degree
Physician fellows may choose to pursue a Master of Science degree in Epidemiology during their fellowship if they have not had formal training in research methods. The SPRC training program grant provides partial tuition support for this degree. It is also possible, with approval, to pursue a Masters of Public Health degree at the University of California, Berkeley.


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and Nyrma Hernandez
Anna Long is with the School of Public Health, UCLA. Susan C. M. Scrimshaw is Associate Dean at the School of Public Health, UCLA.1 Nyrma Hernandez is the Deputy Executive Vice President of the Epilepsy Foundation of America in Landover, MD.
This paper describes one of the earliest adaptations of the RAP guidelines, their use for determining the cultural values that influence the perception of health and reactions to epilepsy among different ethnic groups in the United States. The study made evident the need for both services and education campaigns for persons with epilepsy to address the issues specific to ethnic and underserved groups. - Eds.
INCREASING NUMBERS OF anthropological studies of various ethnic groups in the United States show that cultural identification and values are retained for many generations and play a significant role in the individual's behaviour in relation to health and illness. Ethnic and cultural values are known to influence people in their perceptions of health, reactions to illness, levels of information about and trust in treatment sources, and attitudes toward health care and social service providers. Four studies report estimates of the incidence and prevalence of epilepsy among whites and non-whites in the United States. Each study reveals an increased rate among blacks compared with the white population, consistent across males and females [1-3]. Hauser found the prevalence of epilepsy in the United States to be 6 to 7 per 1,000 for whites, 9 to 10 per 1,000 for Hispanics, and 10 to 12 per 1,000 for blacks; with the risk of seizures during a lifetime at 10% for whites and 25% for blacks (no figures are available for Hispanics). Hauser observes however, that whether this difference is real or whether it is due to such factors as increased risk of head injury or poorer perinatal care in lower socio-economic status populations, it remains an unanswered question.
recognition of these concerns, the Epilepsy Foundation of
America's National Board of Directors called for a national
transcultural programme initiative, which culminated in the
launching of a national transcultural demonstration project in
1986 targeting American Black, Haitian, and Hispanic communities
in Dade County, Florida, an ethnically and culturally diverse
area of the country.
Implemented in collaboration with the Epilepsy Foundation of South Florida and the University of California at Los Angeles, the project had as its goal to develop a better understanding of epilepsy among ethnic and culturally diverse groups, to find more effective ways to reach these groups, and to make services and epilepsy education more accessible and relevant. The first phase of the project consisted of an ethnographic field study among American Black, Haitian, and Cuban communities in Dade County, Florida, designed to elicit answers to the following questions: (a) How do individuals and families in these groups recognize epilepsy and what do they consider to be its nature and treatment? (b) Who are the key figures who influence individual and family health care practices? (c) What are some of the special needs of individuals with epilepsy and their families in these communities? (d) What are some of the unique strengths and resources of these groups, and how can they be marshalled to address the needs of people with epilepsy?
An ethnographic survey tool Rapid Assessment Procedures (RAP) originally developed by Dr. Susan Scrimshaw of the School of Public Health, UCLA, and. Elena Hurtado, was adapted specifically for this project by Dr. Scrimshaw and Anna Long, a doctoral student at UCLA, resulting in the "Epilepsy Rapid Assessment Procedure (ERAP): Rapid Assessment Procedure for the Evaluation of Epilepsy Specific Beliefs, Attitudes and Behaviors".
Interviewers from the communities who were culturally congruent with the three target populations were selected for training about epilepsy and anthropological field survey techniques using a specially developed field guide and training manual.
A total of
81 individuals, comprising four types of households in the three
communities, were interviewed. Types of households included those
from the general population and the target families, the latter
consisting of households in which at least one individual had
either exhibited seizure symptoms or had been diagnosed as having
epilepsy. These target families comprised those with family
members with epilepsy in the general health care system, those
with family members with epilepsy currently not in the health
care system, and those with epilepsy using the Cuban clinical
health care system.
Seizure recognition is the first step in seeking treatment for epilepsy. We found seizure recognition to be a major problem, not only in the Cuban, Black and Haitian communities in general, but also in epilepsy target households in these communities. The data indicate that concepts and indicators used in determining health and illness, general perceptions of common illnesses in adults and children, and perceptions of epilepsy are important factors contributing to lack of recognition, particularly of non-convulsive seizure types.
Among Black, Cuban, and Haitian study participants, general perceptions of health and illness were clearly associated with seizure recognition. In all groups, health was defined as a state of emotional and physical wellbeing, with indicators such as good appearance, good mood and social behaviour, and normal functioning. On the other hand, informants used indicators such as inability to function normally, poor appearance, and the presence of symptoms to determine when an individual was ill. Tonic clonic seizures, by virtue of their obvious symptoms, were usually recognized as "epilepsy" and were generally considered chronic conditions to be dealt with by a physician.
Non-convulsive seizure types, such as complex partial and absence seizures, were usually not recognized as epilepsy. Often these conditions were considered temporary emotional upset or inattentiveness rather than seizures. Lower levels of recognition of these seizure types are due in part to the lack of dramatic symptomology and the ability of the individual with these seizures to function normally in the absence of seizures.
When examining informants' perceptions of common illnesses, informants in all three ethnic groups named less serious acute illnesses for children, and more serious, chronic conditions for adults. The perception that children's common illnesses are acute and less serious may contribute to lack of recognition of absence and complex partial seizures in children. Among Cuban informants, "nervous conditions" were named as adult common illnesses. The symptoms described by Cuban informants included many that were consistent with complex partial seizure symptoms, suggesting a high probability that complex partial seizures are often labelled as "nervous conditions" among some Cubans.
Complex partial seizures, because of low levels of recognition among all three groups, are an important case for discussion in this context. Complex partial seizures were least frequently recognized as epilepsy by all three ethnic groups. Absence seizures were also difficult to recognize by all families. Consequently, they were often defined and treated in culturally specific manners. Haitian general population informants only recognized tonic clonic seizure symptoms as a form of epilepsy. Complex partial seizure symptoms in this group were believed to be caused by emotional and mental disorders. Among Cubans, complex partial seizure symptoms were labelled "nervous conditions" or emotional problems. Among Black informants, these symptoms were labelled nervous breakdowns, emotional stress, and insanity.
The problem of seizure recognition in these communities requires extensive health education efforts campaigns. The design and approach taken in the implementation of health education in these communities will be the major factor in determining their success. First, health education materials focusing on recognition must present images of seizure symptoms that closely correspond to their actual appearance. Seizure recognition will increase by first drawing attention to these symptoms and then alerting individuals to the fact that these may be symptoms of epilepsy.
educational health campaign materials must utilize
culturally-specific labels for the various seizure disorders in
order to facilitate recognition. For example, "spells,"
"attacks," "mal cadie," "fits,"
"crises," "nervous conditions," and
"ataques" or "convulsiones" among Hispanics
are common labels in these communities for symptoms consistent
with various seizure types. In order to facilitate seizure
recognition, materials must utilize culturally-specific names for
seizure symptoms, thereby linking the culturally recognized
condition to "epilepsy." Finally, educational materials
must present images of the community members themselves. The need
to utilize locally-recognized figures in depicting information in
culturally appropriate manners cannot be over-emphasized. In the
Haitian community, for example, epilepsy is a severely
stigmatized condition. Health education materials with
"EPILEPSY" printed boldly across the top will most
likely be received poorly.
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Learn how to maximize your health potential by discovering your body through a better understanding of the major systems that constitute it. Discover the secrets of several medicinal plants that encourage a return of balance and physiological harmony. Integrate the simple and positive principles of healthy way of nutrition.
Rediscover the pleasure and benefits of getting your body moving. Multiply the opportunities to manifest yourself in your beauty, uniqueness and magnificence. Reaffirm your choice to live an intense, happy and meaningful life, using all your senses, strengths and potential. Find this innate wisdom that knows the way to health and happiness... You already hold the keys to it.
For over 35 years, Geneviève Sirois has been fascinated by holistic health. Her passion: recreating the state of balance necessary for happiness, promoting harmony in all dimensions of life. She uses medicinal plants, nutrition, ritualized work, visualization and meditation as tools of transformation. This book is the fruit of all her years of research, exploration, experimentation and reflection.


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Beattyville, the seat of Lee county, is on the forks of the Kentucky River. The site was originally known as Taylors Landing (the source of the name is not known). In 1850 it was renamed Beatty for Samuel Beatty, an early settler and landowner, and in 1872 was incorporated as Beattyville. The county seat was moved to Beattyville in 1872 from nearby Proctor. The population in 1990 was 1,131.
The Lee County Courthouse in Beattyville.