Enterprise Storage Guide, Guides
How Does Data Deduplication Work?
Even as disk capacities continue to increase, data storage vendors are constantly seeking methods by which their customers can cram ever-expanding mountains of data into storage devices. After all, even with bigger disks, it just makes sense to explore opportunities to maximize the potential capacity of those disks.
To this end, storage vendors rely on two major technologies – compression and deduplication. These storage features are often clumped into a broader category called "data reduction" technologies, but the end result is the same: Customers are able to effectively store more data than the overall capacity of their storage systems would suggest. For example, if a customer has a 10 TB storage array and that customer is getting a five to 1 (5:1) benefit from various data reduction mechanisms, it would be theoretically possible to storage 50 TB worth of data on that array.
With that in mind, let's explore one of the most popular data reduction mechanisms: Deduplication.
Consider this scenario: Your organization is running a virtual desktop environment with hundreds of identical workstations all stored on an expensive storage array that was purchased specifically to support this initiative. So, you're running hundreds of copies of Windows 8, Office 2013, your ERP software, and any other tools that your users might require. Each individual workstation image consumes, say, 25 GB of disk space. With just 200 such workstations, these images alone would consume 5 TB of capacity.
With deduplication, you can store just one copy of these individual virtual machines and then allow the storage array to simply place pointers to the rest. Each time the deduplication engine comes across a piece of data that is already stored somewhere in the environment, rather than write that full copy of data all over again, the system instead saves a small pointer in the data copy's place, thus freeing up the blocks that would have otherwise been occupied. In the figure below, note that the graphic on the left shows what happens without deduplication. The graphic at the right shows deduplication in action. In this example, there are four copies of the blue block and two copies of the green block stored on this array. Deduplication enables just one block to be written for each block, thus freeing up those other four blocks.
Now, expand this example to a real world environment. Imagine the deduplication possibilities present in a VDI scenario. With hundreds of identical or close to identical desktop images, deduplication has the potential to significantly reduce the capacity needed to store all of those virtual machines.
Deduplication works by creating a data fingerprint for each object that is written to the storage array. As new data is written to the array, if there are matching fingerprints, additional data copies beyond the first are saved as tiny pointers. If a completely new data item is written – one that the array has not seen before – the full copy of the data is stored.
As you might expect, different vendors handle deduplication in different ways. In fact, there are two primary deduplication techniques that deserve discussion: Inline deduplication and post-process deduplication.
Inline deduplication
Inline deduplication takes place at the moment that data is written to the storage device. While the data is in transit, the deduplication engine fingerprints the data on the fly. As you might expect, this deduplication process does create some overhead. First, the system has to constantly fingerprint incoming data and then quickly identify whether or not that new fingerprint already matches something in the system. If it does, a pointer to the existing fingerprint is written. If it does not, the block is saved as-is. This process introduces the need to have processors that can keep up with what might be a tremendous workload. Further, there is the possibility that latency could be introduced into the storage I/O stream due to this process.
A few years ago, these might have been showstoppers since some storage controllers may not have been able to keep up with the workload need. Today, though, processors have moved far beyond what they were just a few years ago and these kinds of workloads don't have the same negative performance impact that they might have once had. In fact, inline deduplication is a cornerstone feature for most of the new storage devices released in the past few years and, while it may introduce some overhead, it's not that noticeable and provides far more benefits than costs.
Post-process deduplication
As mentioned, inline deduplication imposes the potential for some processing overhead and potential latency. The problem is that the deduplication engine has to run constantly, which means that the system needs to be adequately sized with constant deduplication in mind. Making matters worse, it can be difficult to predict exactly how much processing power will be needed to achieve the deduplication goal. As such, it's not always possible to perfectly plan overhead requirements.
This is where post-process deduplication comes into play. Whereas inline deduplication processes deduplication entries as the data flows through the storage controllers, post-process deduplication happens on a regular schedule – perhaps overnight. With post-process deduplication, all data is written in its full form – copies and all – and on that regular schedule, the system then goes through and fingerprints all new data and removes multiple copies, replacing them with pointers to the original copy of the data.
Post-process deduplication enables organizations to utilize this data reduction service without having to worry about the constant processing overhead involved with inline deduplication. This process enables organizations to schedule dedupe to take place during off hours.
The biggest downside to post-process deduplication is the fact that all data is stored fully hydrated – a technical term that means that the data has not been deduplicated – and, as such, requires all of the space that non-deduplicated data needs. It's only after the scheduled process that the data is shrunk. For those using post-process dedupe, bear in mind that, at least temporarily, you'll need to plan on having extra capacity.
Deduplication can have significant benefits when it comes to reducing overall storage costs, but it's important to understand the two major types of deduplication so that appropriate upfront planning can take place.


text: In order to obtain insight into the structure of cobalt phthalocyanine dimers, molecular mechanics calculations were performed on dimeric cobalt phthalocyanine species. Molecular mechanics calculations are first presented on monomeric cobalt(II) phthalocyanine. Using the Tripos force field for the organic part of the molecule and parameters derived from the literature and subsequently optimized to describe the CoII force field resulted in a geometry that is in very good agreement with experimental data from the literature. Optimization of the dimeric structure leads to a geometry in which both phthalocyanines are separated by 3.2 Å and one of the molecules is shifted 2.38 Å in both the X- and Y-directions with respect to the other. This geometry is in excellent agreement with literature data on ß-Co(pc) crystals and with other calculated and experimental data on similar systems. All calculations were performed with three possible charge distributions in the phthalocyanine molecule and it was shown that varying the charge distribution had no significant effect on the final dimeric structure. This method provides valuable insight into the most important energetic interactions leading to dimer formation.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Effects of microstructure on crack tip fields and fracture toughness in PC/ABS polymer blends
Numerical simulations are performed in order to gain a better understanding of the effects of various microstructural features and toughening mechanisms in amorphous PC/ABS polymer blends. Crack tip loading under global small-scale yielding conditions is considered with the blend microstructure explicitly resolved in the near-tip process zone. Constitutive models are employed which account for large visco-plastic deformations, the characteristic softeningrehardening behavior of glassy polymers, as well as the effect of plastic dilatancy in the ABS phase due to rubber particle cavitation. The influence of blend composition and morphology on the local stress distribution and the development of the plastic zone at a stationary crack tip are analyzed. Furthermore, crack propagation and the evolution of fracture toughness are studied using different cohesive surface models for failure in the different phases of the blend microstructure.


How to fix DHCP error 0x79
Are you facing "DHCP error 0x79"? This guide will help you.
DHCP stands for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. It is a network management protocol mainly used to automate the process of configuring devices on IP networks, thereby enabling them to use network services such as DNS, NTP, and any communication protocol based on UDP or TCP.
Here at Ibmi Media, we regularly help our Customers to fix DHCP related errors as part of our Server Support Services.
In this context, we shall look into the main causes of this error and how to fix it.
What triggers DHCP error 0x79?
This error can occurs due the following reasons;
i. When you have a predefined IP address on the computer and it has assigned the IP address to a different device.
ii. When the IP address is beyond the scope of the DHCP range.
When the error occurs, you will see an error message such as;
Your computer was not assigned an address from the network (by the DHCP server) for the Network Card with network address xxxxxxxx. The following error occurred: 0x79. Your computer will continue to try and obtain an address on its own from the network address (DHCP) server.
How to get rid of DHCP error 0x79?
To solve this issue, follow the steps below;
1. Start by checking the DHCP range on the router. Also verify that the computer is ready to obtain an address automatically.
2. Then try to disable the Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) on the network adapter. To do this follow the steps below;
i. Begin by right-clicking on the Network icon in the system Tray. Then click on "Network and Sharing Center".
ii. Now click on Change Adapter Settings.
iii. Next, right-click on Network Adapter and choose "Properties" where you should uncheck "Internet Protocol Version 6".
iv. Finally, Click "OK" to effect changes made.
3. Now try to unplug the LAN cable as well as the wireless connection.
To do this, follow the steps below;
i. Start by going to the properties of "Ethernet Adapter local area connection 2".
ii. Next, select the option "Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4)".
iii. Here click on the Properties button.
iv. Now, select the option "Use the following IP address:" and set the the following;
subnet mask=
default gateway = your router IP address such as 192.1xx.1.1
v. From the second option section, select "Use the following DNS server addresses:" where you should set "Prefer Alternate DNS server:" as your router's default IP address, for instance
vi. To end, click on "OK" and try to connect via the LAN and then the Wireless connection.
4. You can also attempt to disable Wireless Connect #2 (Microsoft Virtual WiFi Miniport Adaptor) network adapter. To get this, compare the MAC address listed in the error message with the output of the command "CMD>ipconfig /all".
5. Also, you can check the DHCP "lease" time of the router and ensure that it is set the value as high as you prefer it to be.
6. Make sure the DHCP Client service "services.mscLocate" is started and set the Startup Type to Automatic. If this service is already started, first try to stop it and then restart it.
7. Now navigate via "Start >> Programs >> Accessories" and then right-click on the command prompt. Then select "Run as Administrator" to open a command prompt.
Now in the command prompt, run the commands as stated below;
To restart WINSOCK entries to installation defaults with the command below;
netsh winsock reset catalog
Now, restart IPv4 TCP/IP stack to installation defaults with the command below;
netsh int ipv4 reset reset.log
Now reset "IPv6 TCP/IP" stack to installation defaults with the command below;
netsh int ipv6 reset reset.log
Now, reboot the computer.
Need support in solving DHCP errors? We are available to help you today.
This guide will help you to fix DHCP error 0x79 which shows that a predefined IP address on the computer and your device has assigned this IP address to some other device.
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Question: What Was The First Word Ever Made?
What is the oldest word in the world?
Mother, bark and spitMother, bark and spit are just three of 23 words that researchers believe date back 15,000 years, making them the oldest known words..
Why is bloody a bad word?
What is the oldest swear word in the English language?
Does bloody mean the F word?
Is Bloody a bad word in the UK?
Still, to Americans bloody remains the quintessential British swear word, and one of the only ones they have not adopted themselves (except when they're being pretentious or ironic). Both countries share a fascination with swear words' that reference the male anatomy.
What was the 1st word?
This earliest form of the language was Sumerian cuneiform, which consisted of "wedge-shaped" glyphs. We don't know which exact words came first in this language, but based on example charts showing the evolution of Sumerian cuneiform, it may have been symbols for god, earth, man or woman.
What was the first English word ever made?
Why do British say bloody?
Who created word?
Microsoft Word, word-processor software launched in 1983 by the Microsoft Corporation. Software developers Richard Brodie and Charles Simonyi joined the Microsoft team in 1981, and in 1983 they released Multi-Tool Word for computers that ran a version of the UNIX operating system (OS).
Is Frick a bad word?
Is the word "frick" considered a swear? My son used to say this word repeatedly. … So no, it is not "a swear." It is a similar-sounding word substituted for a vulgar term, when using the actual vulgar term would be inappropriate.


text:
When an image gets out of focus, a point source of light (a small shiny object) becomes a circle of light as shown in the following examples. If you are lucky enough to have a point source in your photo, you can measure the diameter and enter that figure for the "Blur Width".
This medicine bottle in the background of a photo has light reflecting off it. This is a point source which has become a circle when it became out of focus. The image on the right has zoomed into that point source, and shows that the diameter is about 18 (distance between black dots).
Note that we have placed the black dots approximately in the middle of the blurred edges (ie. between the blue dots). To zoom into the image, you need to use another program such as Photoshop or Paint Shop Pro.
You might need to be quite observant in looking for point sources. This image of some trees in the background of a photo has a point source. Can you see it?
Sometimes you can have a point source bonanza as shown here. Here we have two photo's, one taken "out of focus" and one taken shortly afterwards "in focus". They clearly show the "circle effect" for point sources.
Here is another difficult one. There are three point sources in this blurred picture of a car's license plate. Can you see them? The diameter of the point sources determine the Blur Width setting to use in Focus Magic (see Tutorials).


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The Age of Wonder, by Richard Holmes
Vital sparks in art and science
The phrase "Romantic Chemistry" did not always mean the sexual spark between two people. At the birth of English Romanticism, chemistry and other sciences, notably astronomy and the physics of electricity, were exciting components of the new mood. For so long assumed to be polar opposites, Romanticism and Science are justly reunited in Richard Holmes's new book.
The defining trait of Romanticism for Holmes is expansiveness. Joseph Banks and Mungo Park explore Africa and Polynesia, losing their Eurocentric blinkers, and in Park's case his life; William Herschel sees the universe as an evolving structure; Humphry Davy sees chemistry and electricity as vital forces, as opposed to the predictable billiard-ball mathematics of Newtonian atomism. Literary figures such as Coleridge, Wordsworth and Southey were at first thrilled by these revelations of natural forces and felt that they harmonised with their own yearnings for a poetry of power beyond the polite civilities of Alexander Pope.
Holmes's account of Herschel is a revelation. He emerges as the Darwin of cosmology, being the first to suggest that the stars and galaxies had a lifespan like organic creatures. The modern version of the universe begins with Herschel. And the story of how this self-taught German astronomer and his sister became great figures in Regency England is affecting.
If there is Romantic Chemistry, there must be a Romantic Chemist. That person was Sir Humphry Davy, one of the stars of the book, along with Herschel and the impresario of it all: the explorer, botanist, and all-round panjandrum of science, Sir Joseph Banks. The famous epigraph to the third edition of Wordsworth and Coleridge's Lyrical Ballads (1802) – "If the time should ever come when what is now called science, thus familiarised to men, shall be ready to put on, as it were, a form of flesh and blood" – reflected Davy's influence on the two poets. Coleridge was closest to Davy and was thrilled by his discovery of "the identity of electricity and chemical attraction". Coleridge sought the Grand Unified Theory of the poetic imagination "as a single unifying force within all creative acts".
In their early days, Coleridge and Davy were yin and yang: Davy the great scientist and amateur poet, Coleridge the poet who, under Davy's influence, wished to "attack chemistry, like a shark". It is hard to credit now, but thanks to Davy's charismatic lectures at the Royal Institution and his discovery of the power of electricity to liberate new chemical elements, chemistry was briefly fashionable in the early 19th century.
Did the fault line between science and romanticism run through the Davy/Coleridge friendship or was it more personal? Davy went from success to success and became a social lion; in contrast, Coleridge's life was fraught in the extreme. Davy invited him to lecture on poetry at the Royal Institution in 1808, but Coleridge could hardly perform through opium addiction and other ailments. Davy then said: "He has suffered greatly from excessive sensibility, the disease of genius. His mind is a wilderness, in which the cedar and the oak, which might aspire to the skies, are stunted in their growth by underwood, thorns, briars, and parasitical plants". The last letter we have from Coleridge to Davy (in 1809) finds him reaffirming, rather desperately, his love for the man, but tetchily dismissing the idea that great scientists are the equal of great artists.
Holmes sheds new light on one episode in the science/art wars: the picture frames. Davy was a great traveller in Europe. But a visit to Paris in 1813 led to him being mocked as a philistine for being able to see no more than "the splendid picture frames" in the presence of so many masterpieces. But Holmes points out that Britain and Napoleonic France were then at war; Davy was fiercely criticised at home for going and his attitude at the Louvre was one of: "don't give the French any encouragement".
Davy was a cultured man, one of the few whose company the older Byron could bear. Yet in Don Juan he did ironise Davy's great practical discovery, the miner safety lamp: "Sir Humphrey Davy's lantern, by which coals/ Are safely mined for in the mode he mentions,/ Timbuctoo travels, voyages to the Poles,/ Are ways to benefit men as true,/ Perhaps, as shooting them at Waterloo". But then Don Juan treats everything in this manner.
The parting-of-the-ways between science and poetry Holmes charts to a single evening: a drunken dinner party in December 1817 held by the painter Benjamin Haydon with Wordsworth, Keats and Charles Lamb. In their cups, the poets and artists began to abuse science, Keats declaring that Newton had "destroyed all the poetry of the rainbow, by reducing it to a prism". From this point, the elect souls of art were at one with the universe while the scientists "murder to dissect". The consequence of this failure of the imagination have been disastrous for our culture. I suspect the falling out was not bound to happen: there were some unfortunate contingencies.
Electricity, discovered in its storable, useable form by Galvani in twitching frogs' legs in 1799, was the wonder of the age, and in Davy's hands led to the discovery of new elements. But those frogs' legs also led to experiments with dead bodies and the morbid suggestion that galvanism could bring them back to life. Even Davy flirted with the idea that electricity itself was the pulse of life, but this was not science but fantasy. Mary Shelley's Frankenstein spawned a fictional Gothic cul-de-sac in which ever since science has tortured nature for base ends.
Romanticism is a subjectivism, so there can be nothing definitive about Holmes's choices of the key figures in Romantic Science. Early in the book, he strays into implying that sensation and celebrity and are in themselves Romantic. So we have Branson-esque ballooning stunts, a celebrity cult, and a note of prurience that seams through the book. But its heart – the linked stories of Banks, Herschel and Davy – is thrilling: a portrait of bold adventure among the stars, across the oceans, deep into matter, poetry and the human psyche. That call to arms in the epigraph to the Lyrical Ballads has still to be answered, but Holmes's book will do valuable service in the cause. And it admits Sir Humphry Davy to the Romantic pantheon alongside Byron, Shelley, Keats, Wordsworth and Coleridge: not just a Romantic chemist but a great Romantic tout court.
Peter Forbes's latest book is 'The Gecko's Foot' (Fourth Estate)
What is romanticism?
Born of a revolt against the cold reason of the Enlightenment and polite conventions of neo-Classical art, Romanticism swept through late 18th-century Europe as a cult of strong feeling, rule-breaking creativity, extreme states of mind, and sublime sensation in nature and culture. Britain bred archetypal Romantics such as Blake, Turner and Coleridge. The movement both admired and feared science, as a heroic voyage into the mysteries of nature and a soulless quest to analyse and control.
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CIVL1119 – Survey II: Land Surveys pdf
Credits: 3 (1/2/0)
Description: This course covers survey principles involved in civil engineering technology including topographic surveys, utilities, drainage and roadway alignment. This course emphasizes the use of Total Station and GPS for collecting data and CAD/Civil software for processing data.
Prerequisites: CIVL1102
Corequisites: (None)
 1. Utilize various coordinate mapping systems including State Plane, UTM, and other recognized standards.
 2. Create topographic map of an existing site.
 3. Complete subdivision plats.
 4. Analyze cross-sections.
 5. Compute earthwork volumes.
 6. Demonstrate usage of GPS equipment.
 7. Determine missing corner positions.
 8. Complete survey of existing and proposed roadways.
 9. Demonstrate data management skills.
MnTC goal areas: (N/A)
« back to course outlines


Discover Your Ancestors in Newspapers 1690-Today!
Last Name
19 June 2011
Were Kids Farmed Out?
Is it possible that some of your ancestor's children were sent to live with neighbors or strangers? That may explain why you cannot find them as children in a census. Your ancestors might not have been able to take care of all fifteen children, or an older relative without children of their own may have needed some extra help around the house or the farm.
 1. Seen this many times
 2. Micheal, Very true. My great-grandmother was widowed with teen-aged twin boys, a younger daughter and pregnant!
 Family story is the newborn baby was adopted 'out'. We went through census of the nearby households and found Thelma with a childless couple that were neighbors. They gave her their last name in all the census until she was 16 when she gave her birth name but still living with this same 'childless' family.
 3. Sad but true. My great-grandmother died when my grandmother was only a year old, leaving my grandfather with four very young children. Each child was sent to a different household and not one of the children stayed in those households for their whole childhood. They were were shuttled from house to house until they were old enough to 'take care of themselves' - for the girls that translated to marriage at 15. That's when I start picking up their trail.


text:
Background: Malaria causes a reduction in haemoglobin that is compounded by primaquine, particularly in patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. The aim of this study was to determine the relative contributions to red cell loss of malaria and primaquine in patients with uncomplicated Plasmodium vivax.
Methods: A systematic review identified P. vivax efficacy studies of chloroquine with or without primaquine published between January 2000 and March 2017. Individual patient data were pooled using standardised methodology, and the haematological response versus time was quantified using a multivariable linear mixed effects model with non-linear terms for time. Mean differences in haemoglobin between treatment groups at day of nadir and day 42 were estimated from this model.
Results: In total, 3421 patients from 29 studies were included: 1692 (49.5%) with normal G6PD status, 1701 (49.7%) with unknown status and 28 (0.8%) deficient or borderline individuals. Of 1975 patients treated with chloroquine alone, the mean haemoglobin fell from 12.22 g/dL [95% CI 11.93, 12.50] on day 0 to a nadir of 11.64 g/dL [11.36, 11.93] on day 2, before rising to 12.88 g/dL [12.60, 13.17] on day 42. In comparison to chloroquine alone, the mean haemoglobin in 1446 patients treated with chloroquine plus primaquine was - 0.13 g/dL [- 0.27, 0.01] lower at day of nadir (p = 0.072), but 0.49 g/dL [0.28, 0.69] higher by day 42 (p < 0.001). On day 42, patients with recurrent parasitaemia had a mean haemoglobin concentration - 0.72 g/dL [- 0.90, - 0.54] lower than patients without recurrence (p < 0.001). Seven days after starting primaquine, G6PD normal patients had a 0.3% (1/389) risk of clinically significant haemolysis (fall in haemoglobin > 25% to < 7 g/dL) and a 1% (4/389) risk of a fall in haemoglobin > 5 g/dL.
Conclusions: Primaquine has the potential to reduce malaria-related anaemia at day 42 and beyond by preventing recurrent parasitaemia. Its widespread implementation will require accurate diagnosis of G6PD deficiency to reduce the risk of drug-induced haemolysis in vulnerable individuals.
Trial Registration: This trial was registered with PROSPERO: CRD42016053312. The date of the first registration was 23 December 2016.


text:
There has been considerable thought process involved to actually make monitoring practices generate outcomes results and M&E practitioners have actually and largely started adopting this and contemporary approaches towards generating quick, efficient and well thought method of gathering evidence not just to verify or assess the progress made but to build evidence for outcomes – change that has emerged not induced towards the work done. Few years back this would sounded insane to practitioners and researchers -how can training data help to gauge to outcome progress and many such questions. Frankly, very less people who believes in it years back actually take a risk to practice. It sounded like a taxi driver agreeing for a side with wrong fuel in tank. Things are changing and change is rapid, technology is now becoming deciding factor and also demanding one. It is like asking an research organisation with 100000 interviews to conduct in two weeks and replace paper with tablets. If ones asks is it possible, I would agree first, yes. How challenging, easy if end users gets simple yet equipped enough to capture, track or monitor progress of outcome indicators which is lately delayed. We practitioners tend to collect too much of monitoring data, activity to activity, one of solution to integrated outcomes evaluation with monitoring would be pick right dimensions or variables who actually help to feed in to more to outcome progress than talk about numbers at output level. Take the case of a training course (series of training's planned for participants, ToTs, Master trainers) in such events we do collect pre and post training evaluation data and l come out with a individual values for all all participants and one cumulative score for each training, just by a small change in approach we could also collect progress of outcomes if data for dimensions of that particular outcome is in sync with monitoring data collection incident. There may be cases were all dimensions of outcomes won't exactly fit in to monitoring data collection process, in that case an addition of section with pre or post evaluation would help us gauge the progress sufficient to understand trends and patterns and measure pulse of key dimensions of outcome indicators if not all.
The methodology is simple, output and outcome dimensions need to defined clearly and then identify the ones who best fit for pre and post revelation test and others who match for joint data collection. Not just efforts are reduced, saving time and other resources this small change in approach of thinking have improved the data collection both for output and outcome indicators simultaneously and feeding in concretely for management decision making and make quick adjustments. Otherwise, doing it separately for outputs and outcome indicators would delay results thereby decisions for adjustments, resource demand, timeliness of management decisions and acceptance. For example, a fact sheet, handout or a white paper prepared based on routine monitoring data would likely have more acceptance by advocates of policy change for a simple reason that in each meetings they get to see new sets and patterns of data creating a much factor to think about policies and regulatory frameworks and if this is actually the first step towards a change or amendment in such policies.
While monitoring data has a power to create a founding step by persuading policy and decision makers having access to different data sets more often thereby creating a push factor. This together with periodic impact data (based on performance of key outcome indicators) would create a reinforcing effect not just on performance measurement and also about evidence building for outcomes and impact.


Ghoshanatantra, Ghoṣaṇatantra, Ghoshana-tantra: 1 definition
The Sanskrit term Ghoṣaṇatantra can be transliterated into English as Ghosanatantra or Ghoshanatantra, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).
In Hinduism
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
[«previous next»] — Ghoshanatantra in Shaktism glossary
Source: Shodhganga: Iconographical representations of Śiva (shaktism)
Ghoṣaṇatantra (घोषणतन्त्र) or simply Ghoṣaṇa refers to one of the thirty-one Dakṣiṇatantras, belonging to the Śāktāgama (or Śāktatantra) division of the Āgama tradition. The Śāktāgamas represent the wisdom imparted by Devī to Īśvara and convey the idea that the worship of Śakti is the means to attain liberation. According to the Pratiṣṭhālakṣaṇasamuccaya of Vairocana, the Śāktatantras are divided into to four parts, the Ghoṣaṇa-tantra belonging to the Dakṣiṇa class.
Shaktism book cover
context information
Discover the meaning of ghoshanatantra or ghosanatantra in the context of Shaktism from relevant books on Exotic India
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Is there a way one could bend an object, like a cylinder or a plane using OpenGL?
I'm an OpenGL beginner (I'm using OpenGL ES 2.0, if that matters, although I suspect, math matters most in this case, so it's somehow version independent), I understand the basics: translate, rotate, matrix transformations, etc. I was wondering if there is a technique which allows you to actually change the geometry of your objects (in this case by bending them)?
Any links, tutorials or other references are welcomed!
share|improve this question
3 Answers 3
up vote 9 down vote accepted
What you'd need to do to "bend" an object is to apply some appropriate combination of translation/rotation/scaling to only some subset of the vertices of the object in question -- probably weighting that transformation accordingly.
Doing this is a pleasant-looking fashion will necessitate using more vertices than may be otherwise strictly necessary to describe the original mesh. For example, a simple cylinder may only have vertices at either end, but if you want that cylinder to bend in the middle, you'll need vertices there as well.
If all you are interested in is very specific, one-off deformations of very simple shapes (like your aforementioned plane) you could probably just do this manually. For example, decide on the "bend axis" for your plane and compute appropriate transformations for each row of plane vertices to achieve the appropriate rotation about that bend axis depending on their distance from it, and then apply that to the geometry (possibly on the CPU as it would be the most straightforward, at least initially). But such a technique would not scale well and would be very tedious.
Since it can be so cumbersome to correctly figure out how to weight a transformation to each individual vertex in a set to achieve the desired deformation (especially for more practical and complicated objects), many games use a technique called skeletal animation. At a high level this involves associating a separate set of geometry (the "skeleton") with your mesh. That geometry represents the bones of your object, and you define (often in modeling tools) a mapping between vertices of the real model and the bones of the skeleton -- which bones are associated with each vertex, and how much that bone affects the deformation of that vertex. Then the skeleton is animated directly, and the animation is transferred to the real model via the relationship between the bones and their vertices.
Typically in this technique, the mapping between skeleton and real mesh is defined at asset production time. The animations can also be built then, or they can be built procedurally at runtime. The application of the animation transformations to the real mesh occurs at runtime. Generally no new vertices are generated at runtime, which means the range of good-looking deformations is implicitly fixed in the mesh when it is originally created.
In theory, one could also apply tessellation and subdivision to the mesh at runtime based on analysis of the transformations in the animation, and thus produce the appropriate vertices to create an animation that was not necessarily planned for. I'm not aware, offhand, of any papers on this subject.
See also:
share|improve this answer
For the actual math of warping, this can get very complicated, why don't you start here?.
I'll now talk about how you can apply this, assuming you've already got the math for how you will do your deformations down.
2 ways:
1) Every frame, visit every vertex in the cylinder model and offset it in some way.
2) Offset the vertices in the vertex shader as you are rendering. OpenGL ES 2.0 supports vertex shaders. So you're in luck, in a way.
Do you want to only warp the object as it appears on the screen, or do you want to warp the object so every object in the game knows that it has been deformed?
If you warp the object in the vertex shader, then that happens only immediately prior to display/rasterization, so this means none of the game objects will know about the deformation. This is fine if you're simply making a screen saver, or if the deformations are so small that they have no impact on the collidable shape of the object.
When you warp the geometry in the vertex shader __the original vertices of the model actually don't move__, (they only appear to move).
Deformation in vertex shader
non deformed
This is from chapter 6 of the cg tutorial, (program #14).
The shader code to produce this deformation is something like
// choose a displacement amount
float displacement = scaleFactor * 0.5 * sin(position.y * frequency * time) + 1 ;
// displace it in the direction of the normal
float4 displacementDirection = float4(normal.x, normal.y, normal.z, 0) ;
// move the vertex
float4 newPosition = position + displacement * displacementDirection ;
// transform (as normal)
oPosition = mul(modelViewProj, newPosition) ;
So you can see, this happens RIGHT BEFORE display (vertex shader happens on GPU) so CPU code has practically no way to access the transformed vertex position (there are ways to send data from the GPU to the CPU (primarily via textures) but we won't go there).
share|improve this answer
What you're trying to achieve is basically a subset of the topic of mesh deformation. But since you're a begginer, I'm afraid this type of information might be a bit too strange for now. I'll try to lay down the basic notions though.
In order to do this you'll need two things:
 1. Your mesh needs to have enough vertices for you to transform. For instance if it's a plane, you'll need to make sure it's actually created as a sort of grid, with many vertices for you to deform. Same thing with a cylinder. Might be possible to achieve this at runtime with tessellation but I don't know much about the subject.
 2. You need to use a vertex shader to deform the vertices. Basically the vertex shader takes care of calculating the final transformed position of each vertex, so you can take the chance to apply any deformations to them.
I'm not sure how helpful it will be, but take a look at this OpenGL resource, as it seems to be right the sort of thing you need:
Screenshot from that link:
enter image description here
Just saw Josh's reply and I agree, skeletal animation is also a very elegant way to encapsulate this problem, especially when your deformations start becoming more complex and harder to represent mathematically.
But remember, both points above still apply though - you can only deform vertices, so obviously they need to exist in the first place, which is why your mesh needs to have a decent amount of vertex density. And it's usually the vertex shader that drives skeletal animation and does vertex blending and such.
And by the way, you can do these on the CPU too, but nowadays it's usually a better option to do them on the GPU, which is why I put emphasis on the vertex shader, and you should look into it. It's not really all that much harder programwise than doing it on the CPU anyway.
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Your Answer


American in Spain
The Shadower - Realistic Drop Shadows in Javascript
December 4, 2006
This has been done before, but not in such a simple and elegant way, in my opinion. This implementation has four important features that separate it from the rest: no images, no messy nested divs in your html code, no CSS, and realistic fading shadows! It is based on the Prototype Javascript Framework, and requires version 1.5, which you can get here.
Some Examples
Other drop shadow libraries that eschew images, provide their shadow by adding an absolutely positioned div just behind the object. Like so...
Example 1
(Drag Me Around)
I think you'll agree that that looks pretty bad. But it's a lot better with a little opacity tweak...
Example 2
(Drag Me Around)
But it still just looks like a gray box under there, doesn't it? That's where the magic of The Shadower comes in. Rather than just one gray box, it uses several successively smaller boxes stacked on top of each other to create a realistic drop shadow that really fades into the background.
Example 3
(Drag Me Around)
Now, doesn't that look better? Drag it up next to the others if you aren't convinced.
So how do I use it?
There are five parameters to play with in getting your drop shadow just right.
distance [default: 8]
The distance away from the shadowed element to draw the shadow. This can also be thought of as the height "above the page" of the shadowed object
angle [default: 130]
The direction away from the shadowed element to draw the shadow. It is measured in degrees from the vertical. If you think of it like the numbers on a clock, 12 is at 0°, 3 is at 90°, 6 is at 180°, 9 is at 270°, etc. The default angle of 130 would be between 3 and 4 on the clock face.
opacity [default: 0.7]
The opacity of the shadow, measured between 0.0 and 1.0.
nestedShadows [default: 4]
This is the number of gradually darker shadows to draw under the shadowed element.
color [default: #000000]
This is the color of the shadow. The default black color is good enough for most uses, but you can change it if you want.
Go ahead! Play with it!
Test Example
(Drag Me Around)
Presets: Example 1Example 2Example 3
Ideally, you should set a CSS class on any elements that you want shadowed, and then call Shadower.shadowWithClass() on page load. Like so...
This div is shadowed
So what are you waiting for? Download it and start using it!
I have not yet tested this on all browsers. If you have any problems, please either leave a comment on this blog entry or email me at erikwordpressplugins -atgmail.


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What is the meaning of the name Guri?
The name Guri is primarily a female name of Indian origin that means Hindu Goddess Of Plenty.
People who like the name Guri also like:
Names that sound like Guri:
Stats for the Name Guri


More complex animations
The GK Image Show style allows you to combine the available animations.
To achieve this effect you have to use the following syntax in the title/text:
In the above example we have used the following settings
Slide 1
Color: #7484ff
Title: First slide
Text: [anim-slide_right scale]You can combine few animations into one effect
Slide 2
Color: #68b5ff
Title: Second slide
Text: [anim-rotate_x_center slide_vertical] Example with slide and rotation


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The two-parameter model assumes that the data has minimal guessing, but that items can vary in terms of location () and discrimination (). The one-parameter model assumes that there is minimal guessing and that items have equivalent discriminations, so that items are only described by a single parameter (). Additionally, there is theoretically a four-parameter model, with an upper asymptote. However, this is rarely used.
Perspectives on Rasch models: the data-model relationshipEdit
The Rasch model for dichotomous data is often regarded as a special case of the two parameter logistic (2PL) model, and therefore the 3PL model. Andrich (1989) referred to two prevailing views on the relationship between Lord's 3PL and Rasch's model. In one, the 3PL is a generalisation of the Rasch model because if the relevant parameters are specified as 0 and 1, the 3PL reduces to the Rasch model. In the other view, the 3PL is not a generalisation of the Rasch model because the 3PL cannot follow mathematically from Rasch's (1960,1961) specifications for the invariance of comparisons, which follows from the separability of the parameters.
Before identifying the widely known Rasch model for dichotomous data, Rasch (1960) employed the Poisson distribution as model for measurement. This model shares with the dichotomous model the property of separability of person and item parameters. If Rasch models are defined in terms of this distinguishing property, then the 2PL and 3PL are not generalisations of the Rasch model because they fail to preserve this property. Consistent with this, the 2PL and 3PL have no well-defined connection to Rasch's multiplicative Poisson model. Thus, whether the Rasch model is seen as a specifical case of IRT models is a matter of both the definition of what is a Rasch model, and the perceived purpose of using an item response model.
IRT models are generally used with the intention of describing a set of data as well as possible. Parameters are modified and accepted or rejected based on how well they fit the data. In contrast, when the Rasch model is employed, the objective is to obtain data which conform with the model in order to meet requirements of measurement (Andrich, 2004). Rasch (1960) showed the congruence of the separability of parameters with measurement in the physical sciences. Accordingly, proponents of Rasch measurement models assert that only data which conform with Rasch models satisfy the requirements of fundamental measurement (e.g. Wright, 1992). This entails the researcher deleting any data that they feel does not conform to the model they wish to use (Smith, 1990). Estimation of parameters is more straight forward in Rasch models due to the presence of sufficient statistics (e.g. Fischer & Molenaar, 1995).
From the perspective of modelling data, however, the Rasch model is a special case of the 2PL and hence it is often referred to as the one parameter model. The reason for the name two parameter logistic model is that the discrimination parameter is conceived as a second item parameter. This label implies that discrimination parameters are conceived as pertaining only to items, whereas Rasch (1977) emphasised the importance of the frame of reference for measurement as a whole. In the Rasch framework, therefore, discrimination cannot be regarded as something pertaining only to items. This is an additional distinction between the perspectives inherent in the use of the different models and the terminology employed by different authors.
One of the major contributions of item response theory is the extension of the concept of reliability. Traditionally, reliability refers to the precision of measurement (i.e., the degree to which measurement is free of error). And traditionally, it is measured using a single index defined in various ways, such as the ratio of true and observed score variance. This index is helpful in characterizing a test's average reliability, for example in order to compare two tests. But IRT makes it clear that precision is not uniform across the entire range of test scores. Scores at the edges of the test's range, for example, generally have more error associated with them than scores closer to the middle of the range.
Item response theory advances the concept of item and test information to replace reliability. Information is also a function of the model parameters. For example, according to Fisher information theory, the item information supplied in the case of the Rasch model for dichotomous response data is simply the probability of a correct response multiplied by the probability of an incorrect response, or,
The standard error of estimation (SE) is the reciprocal of the test information of at a given trait level, is the
Thus more information implies less error of measurement.
For other models, such as the two and three parameters models, the discrimination parameter plays an important role in the function. The item information function for the two parameter model is
In general, item information functions tend to look bell-shaped. Highly discriminating items have tall, narrow information functions; they contribute greatly but over a narrow range. Less discriminating items provide less information but over a wider range.
Plots of item information can be used to see how much information an item contributes and to what portion of the scale score range. Because of local independence, item information functions are additive. Thus, the test information function is simply the sum of the information functions of the items on the exam. Using this property with a large item bank, test information functions can be shaped to control measurement error very precisely.
Characterizing the accuracy of test scores is perhaps the central issue in psychometric theory and is a chief difference between IRT and CTT. IRT findings reveal that the CTT concept of reliability is a simplification. In the place of reliability, IRT offers the test information function which shows the degree of precision at different values of theta.
These results allow psychometricians to (potentially) carefully shape the level of reliability for different ranges of ability by including carefully chosen items. For example, in a certification situation in which a test can only be passed or failed, where there is only a single "cutscore," and where the actually passing score is unimportant, a very efficient test can be developed by selecting only items that have high information near the cutscore. These items generally correspond to items whose difficulty is about the same as that of the cutscore.
After the model is fit to data, each person has a theta estimate. This estimate is their score on the exam. This "IRT score" is computed and interpreted in a very different manner as compared to traditional scores like number or percent correct. However, for most tests, the (linear) correlation between the theta estimate and a traditional score is very high (often it is.95 or more). A graph of IRT scores against traditional scores shows an ogive shape implying that the IRT estimates separate individuals at the borders of the range more than in the middle.
It is worth noting the implications of IRT for test-takers. Tests are imprecise tools and the score achieved by an individual (the observed score) is always the true score occluded by some degree of error. This error may push the observed score higher or lower.
Also, nothing about these models refutes human development or improvement. A person may learn skills, knowledge or even so called "test-taking skills" which may translate to a higher true-score.
A comparison of classical and Item Response theoryEdit
Classical test theory (CTT) and IRT are largely concerned with the same problems but are different bodies of theory and therefore entail different methods. Although the two paradigms are generally consistent and complementary, there are a number of points of difference:
- IRT makes stronger assumptions than CTT and in many cases provides correspondingly stronger findings; primarily, characterizations of error. Of course, these results only hold when the assumptions of the IRT models are actually met.
- Although CTT results have allowed important practical results, the model-based nature of IRT affords many advantages over analogous CTT findings.
- CTT test scoring procedures have the advantage of being simple to compute (and to explain) whereas IRT scoring generally requires relatively complex estimation procedures (note that in the Rasch model the total score for a person is the sufficient statistic of the person parameter).
- IRT provides several improvements in scaling items and people. The specifics depend upon the IRT model, but most models scale the difficulty of items and the ability of people on the same metric. Thus the difficulty of an item and the ability of a person can be meaningfully compared.
- Another improvement provided by IRT is that the parameters of IRT models are generally not sampleor test-dependent whereas true-score is defined in CTT in the context of a specific test. Thus IRT provides significantly greater flexibility in situations where different samples or test forms are used. These IRT findings are foundational for computerized adaptive testing.
It is worth also mentioning some specific similarities between CTT and IRT which help to understand the correspondence between concepts. First, Lord (1980, p. 33) showed that under the assumption that is normally distributed, discrimination in the 2PL model is approximately a monotonic function of the point-biserial correlation. In particular:
where is the point biserial correlation of item i. Thus, if the assumption holds, where there is a higher discrimination there will generally be a higher point-biserial correlation.
Another similarity is that while IRT provides for a standard error of each estimate and an information function, it is also possible to obtain an index for a test as a whole which is directly analogous to Cronbach's alpha, called the separation index. To do so,


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These students in Shishmaref, Alaska live on frozen ground. But frozen ground matters to people all over the world, even if the ground is not frozen where they live. —Credit: Angela Alston
People may not think much about frozen ground, but they notice what can happen when the ground freezes. The frozen ground may spit out fence posts, or make roads very bumpy. In some places, entire towns are built on ground that stays frozen all year around. People there count on the ground under their houses to stay frozen hard. Animals and plants, too, have figured out how to take advantage of frozen ground.
We can't always see the ways that frozen ground matters. Even people who live where the ground never freezes depend on frozen ground. Frozen ground around the world is connected to Earth's climate. If all, or even just a lot of the frozen ground around the world thawed out, everyone would notice. In the Arctic, some ground that used to be called permanently frozen ground, or permafrost, has already thawed out. It is changing the way people in those areas live.
What is frozen ground?
Frozen ground occurs when the ground contains water, and the temperature of the ground goes down below 0° Celsius (32° Fahrenheit). It can make a big difference if the ground stays frozen all year, or if the ground freezes and thaws. More than half of all the land in the Northern Hemisphere freezes and thaws every year, and is called seasonally frozen ground. One-fourth of the land in the Northern Hemisphere has an underground layer that stays frozen all year long. Ground that stays frozen for at least two years in a row is called permafrost.
What is there to know about frozen ground?
All About Frozen Ground explores what is going on in and under the ground when it freezes and thaws. Find out how frozen ground works, and how it makes a difference all over the world:
- How will climate change affect frozen ground?
- Can plants and animals find water when the ground is frozen?
- Does frozen ground damage buildings?
- How do scientists study permafrost from space?
Tingjun Zhang, a permafrost scientist at the National Snow and Ice Data Center, studies frozen ground. He said, "The more we learn, the more we realize that frozen ground isn't just important when we build roads or houses. Frozen ground is important to people, wildlife, and climate all over the world."

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Assassin bugs can manipulate webs to dupe spiders.
Credit: Anne Wignall.
Spiders normally wield webs to ensnare insects and other victims. Now scientists find that assassin bugs turn the tables on these web-spinning arachnids by mimicking prey. Result: Spiders put their guard down, causing nearly instant death, researchers find.
Spiders rely on vibrations in their webs to detect their entrapped quarry. Assassin bugs (Stenolemus bituberus), which are called true bugs (as are water striders, bed bugs and stink bugs), gently pluck and stretch the silk of the webs with their front legs, apparently imitating small or exhausted victims caught within. This lures out the spiders, only for the predators to find themselves prey.
"The assassin bugs have specialized mouthparts, called a proboscis or rostrum, which can be thought of as a modified, sharp'straw,'" explained researcher Anne Wignall, a behavioral ecologist at Macquarie University in Sydney, Australia. "When a spider is within range of attack, the assassin bug will quickly seize the spider in its forelegs and simultaneously stab the spider with its mouthpart. It will hold the spider tightly in its forelegs until the spider dies, usually within 10 seconds of being stabbed."
"The assassin bugs, understandably, are very careful about how they move in the spiderwebs, and so are often very slow moving," Wignall recalled. "I've spent many hours with my nose within centimeters of a spiderweb while watching an assassin bug, which often causes passersby to ask questions or wonder about my sanity if it's in a busy public area."
To confirm whether the bugs were really impersonating entangled insects, Wignall and her colleagues used lasers to monitor the vibrations made by assassin bugs, courting male spiders, leaves falling on the webs and prey such as flies and aphids. They also recorded video of female spider responses to such trembling.
The vibrations made by the assassin bugs sounded very similar to those generated by the leg and body movements of prey, yet quite distinct from those produced by courting males, leaves or the wing beats of prey. Assassin bugs and prey also led to similar responses from female spiders, yet different from reactions elicited by male spiders and falling leaves.
The researchers noted that spiders are dangerous prey, and they occasionally saw assassin bugs get counterattacked, killed and eaten by the arachnids they were hunting. They suggest this might be one reason the bugs only mimic the leg and body movements of prey — spiders often rapidly advanced on prey that beat their wings quickly, and the assassin bugs might prefer to avoid such aggressive, quick attacks.
"I find it incredible to think that an insect, usually regarded as food for a spider, has gained such fine control over the behavior of another predator," Wignall told LiveScience.
The scientists detailed their findings online Oct. 27 in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences.
- Image Gallery: Creepy Spiders
- Extremophiles: World's Weirdest Life
- The World's Deadliest Animals


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Your Muscles: How Long Before Inactivity Takes Its Toll?
According to the latest scientific research, lying around on the couch for too long will make you physically weaker.
The Center for Healthy Aging and the Department of Biomedical Sciences at the University of Copenhagen found it only takes two weeks of immobility for people to lose about one third of their muscular strength, putting them on the same level as someone forty or fifty years older.
The study was done to monitor muscle loss in people who were injured or sick. They found during periods of inactivity, young people lose more muscle mass than older people. In addition, fit people lost more muscle mass than unfit people.
From the press release:
It takes three times the length of the period you were inactive to regain your former muscle mass. Simple cardio like cycling or walking isn't enough either. You'll have to include weight training.
Although complete immobility is not likely for most people, it shows the importance of a daily fitness routine to maintaining your muscle mass.


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text:
are normalized in this way they can be combined. Assign a weight to each of the metrics. Be sure the weights add up to 1. 'The weight is an indication of the relative importance of each of the metrics. For example, for a high-level freeway concept with the following weighted metrics:
Multiply each of the normalized metrics by its respective weight and add them together. The result is a unit-less measure of the goodness of each of the alternatives relative to the current system.
Life cycle costs can be included in this calculation. It is often more meaningful to separate it and plot overall effectiveness against cost. This allows one to take into account budget constraints, and to identify good low cost and high cost solutions, possibly with an evolutionary path between them.


text:
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- Five things you should know about the proposed marijuana rules
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News & Music Contributors
Blues Time Machine
Many rivers converged to make a New Orleans classic: 'Iko Iko'
It's one of the most iconic songs from New Orleans, and like the city, it's origin and meaning are a product of may different influences.
Its meaning is still being debated by scholars and linguists, but "Iko Iko" was first recorded in 1953 by James "Sugar Boy" Crawford, who wrote the pop song "Jock-A-Mo" based on 2 different Mardi Gras Indian chants. The Mardi Gras "Indians" are actually African-American groups who have been parading as Indian tribes at Mardi Gras since the mid-19th Century.
Over the years the custom has evolved into a competition based on costumes and dances. To learn more about the Mardi Gras Indians here's a Wikpedia article:
The precise origin and meaning of the lyrics has been the subject of much debate. Theories about the origins include Louisiana Creole French, Choctaw and Chickasaw, and West African. Here is one of many articles that attempt to parse the linguistics:
Whatever the exact source of the chants, "Iko Iko" tells the story of two competing tribes confronting each other at a parade. And though "Sugar Boy" Crawford recorded it in 1953, The Dixie Cups (2 sisters and a cousin) said they learned the song from their grandmother, making it much older. The Dixie Cups recorded it in 1965; apparently it was not planned, they were just messing around in the studio, not knowing that the tape was rolling. Here's a live clip of them singing "Iko Iko":
Mac Rebennack, better known as Dr. John, has been a mainstay of New Orleans music, going back to the 1950's, when he started work as a session player. His 1968 album Gris-Gris, and 1972's Gumbo (with "Iko Iko") introduced the pop music world to the intricately syncopated and funky sounds of New Orleans. This clip shows Dr. John at the piano explaining what influenced him:
Along with Dr. John, The Neville Brothers are among the best-known bands from New Orleans. Formed in the late 70's, the Nevilles epitomize the melting pot of influences that make up New Orleans music, from early R&B to soul, jazz and hard-core funk. Here's a great live clip of the Neville Brothers performing "Iko Iko" in a medley with "Brother John":
Here are the complete versions of "Iko Iko":
James "Sugar Boy" Crawford "Jock-A-Mo" 1953
The Dixie Cups "Iko Iko" 1965
Dr. John "Iko Iko" 1972
The Neville Brothers "Brother John/Iko Iko" 1981


Who Can Benefit from the SPOrt™?
If you have tweaked your fingers, or have pain in your fingers from climbing, the SPOrt (Semilunar Pulley Orthosis) may be just right for you! It is a brace for your finger tendons, designed to be worn when climbing to protect injured pulleys and facilitate the healing process.
The SPOrt was initially designed to allow for the non-operative treatment of complete A2 pulley ruptures - to optimize healing in as close to an anatomic condition as possible and protect the pulley as the climber returns to climbing. In this particular setting, usually under the guidance of a health care provider, the climber will follow the Management of an Acute Pulley Injury Protocol.
However, the SPOrt also works well for partial injuries of the A2 or the A4 pulley which we identify commonly in climbers with ultrasound or MRI. Interestingly after a finger injury climbing, which may be associated with a popping sound and tenderness at the base of the finger, or over the middle phalanx, the soreness abates in a few weeks, and the climber may feel like he or she is healing up. Without protection of the injured pulley however, returning to climbing or hard use of the hand can lead to further injury or simply healing of the pulley in a stretched-out position. (See ultrasound pictures of my pulley rupture for an example.) The SPOrt works really well for these partial injuries.
Finally, and importantly, many climbers have sore fingers after climbing. This can be related to the fact that they have sustained pulley injuries over the years, and treated them to the best of their ability, but the pulleys have healed up in a stretched-out condition. This allows increased strain on the remaining pulleys and can lead to tendonitis in the flexor tendons. Many climbers at all levels have benefited from wearing the SPOrt for a period of time, to allow the inflammation to resolve, and to return to training and climbing more quickly.
It bears repeating however, that while rest is a four-letter word to many hardcore training fiends, and most climbers to some degree, if your fingers are hurting while you are climbing, (from an acute pulley or tendon injury) you shouldn't be climbing. (That said, if you have a touch of arthritis but you aren't going to let that stop you from climbing, that is a different situation, so climb on!)
In summary, the SPOrt works well for:
 1. Flexor tendonitis (soreness at the base of the finger on the palm side)
 2. Complete A2 or A4 pulley injuries
 1. Acute
 2. Chronic
 3. Partial A2 or A4 pulley injuries
 1. Acute
 2. Chronic
 4. Returning to climbing after a pulley reconstruction surgery
"I can't recommend [the SPOrt] enough for any climber out there suffering through a pulley injury."
- Alex Aizenman
Read more testimonials.
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Homepage photo by Adam Pawlikiewicz


text:
90% of the extracted arsenic is stored in the frond (aboveground biomass)
Assume that ferns can remove 20 mg arsenic per kg soil in 20 weeks. At the end of 20 weeks, ferns are harvested and replanted until the desired soil arsenic concentration is reached. How many harvests would be required to phytoremediate a soil contaminated with 100 mg/kg arsenic?
How long would this take?
How many harvests would be required to phytoremediate a soil contaminated with 400 mg/kg arsenic?
How long would this take?
Is it realistic to assume that the ferns will always be able to remove 20 mg arsenic per kg soil in 20 weeks?
Why or why not?
What might be some limitations of using brake ferns to phytoremediate arsenic-contaminated soil?
Do research to find an arsenic-contaminated site that interests you. Using the information here and other data you find in your research, make a plan to use brake ferns to phytoremediate the site. What is the history of the site? How big is it? Where is it located? Is it contaminated with compounds other than arsenic? How many fern plants will be needed? How long will the phytoremediation take? What will be done with the land after the cleanup is complete?
Other phytoremediation applications:
- Salt-tolerant barley and/or sugar beets are commonly used for the extraction of sodium chloride (table salt) to reclaim fields that were previously flooded by sea water.
- Sunflowers were very effective at removing radioactive materials from the water near the site the 1986 nuclear-power-plant disaster at Chernobyl, Ukraine.
- Poplar trees are also useful in removing a wide range of pollutants from soil, from pesticides to heavy metals. Poplar trees are good candidates for phytoremediation.
Research one of these topics (or another topic of your choice) further online.
Web site resources
- Create A Graph, from the US Department of Education's National Center for Educational Statistics. This outstanding web interface allows students to create several different types of graphs. Highly recommended. Free!
- InspireData, commercially available graphing software
- web site for Dr. Lena Ma, the scientist who discovered the arsenic-accumulating properties of brake fern
- Soil contamination and bioremediation information
- Data used in this activity was obtained from the following publications. The articles can be downloaded from the following site: _URL_
- Cao, X., L.Q. Ma, and A. Shiralipour. 2003. Effects of compost and phosphate amendments on arsenic leachability in soils and arsenic uptake by Chinese Brake (Pteris Vittata L.) Environ. Pollution. 126:157-167.
- Ma, L.Q., K.M. Komar, C. Tu, W. Zhang,and Y Cai. 2001. A fern that hyperaccumulates arsenic. Nature. 409:579.
- Rathinasabapathi B, L.Q. Ma, and M. Srivastava. 2006. Arsenic hyperaccumulating ferns and their application to phytoremediation of arsenic contaminated sites. In: Floriculture, Ornamental and Plant Biotechnology: Advances and Topical Issues (1st Edition), Teixeira da Silva JA (ed), Global Science Books, London, UK, pp 305-311.
- Rathinasabapathi, B., M. Rangasamy, J. Froeba, R. H. Cherry, H. J. McAuslane, J.L. Capinera, M. Srivastava, & L.Q. Ma. 2007. Arsenic hyperaccumulation in the Chinese brake fern (Pteris vittata) deters grasshopper (Schistocerca americana) herbivory. New Phytologist. 175: 363–369.
- Tu, C., L.Q. Ma, and B. Bondada. 2002. Arsenic Accumulation in the Hyperaccumulator Chinese Brake Fern (Pteris vittata L.) and Its Utilization Potential for Phytoremediation. J. Environ. Qual. 31:_PHONE_.


Shrimp Tank GH General Hardness
Shrimp Tank GH General Hardness
General hardness abbreviated as GH is also known as water hardness. GH is simply the measure of the total salts contained in your aquarium water. Calcium and magnesium are the primary salts dissolved in hard water.
Water abundant in GH is referred to as hard water, while one low in GH is regarded as soft. Generally, water that has little or no calcium and magnesium is considered soft, whereas water that has plentiful of calcium and magnesium is considered hard.
Even though GH is an essential component of water chemistry, there is no need for panic among people using tap water that dont know their GH because in general tap water will be made to have a specific GH depending on source and municipal area. (Hardy species of shrimp can be kept in these conditions)
This is why its very important that you first know your GH levels if you seriously want to get into shrimp and give them the best conditions possible, Most of the time this water will be more than adequate for easy to keep species of shrimp like cherry shrimp and ghost shrimp.
So, what are the reasons for monitoring the GH in your shrimp tank :
Your water is either hard or soft.
Hard Water Tank
Anyone who has ever breed fish can attest that not all fish can flourish in a similar environment and conditions this is the same for shrimp. If, for instance, your water source is too soft or too hard, it will be unlikely for you to keep specific types of shrimp that thrive in the middle of this range. You've to keep your GH in check, and based on the findings; you can either raise or lower it accordingly.
It's indisputable that some shrimp flourish in hard water while others do well in soft water. If you intend to keep these shrimp, you have to find out what parameters that type of shrimp does best in and setup your shrimp tank accordingly.
Importance of Aquarium GH to Your Aquarium
Osmoregulation is one of the main reasons why you should keep track of your aquarium GH. Osmoregulation is a natural process that takes place in your shrimp without stimulation. It's similar to breathing.
In simple terms, osmoregulation is the process by which shrimp counters the salts and water within the body with those from the outside.
In case of a disparity between the two, it can stress your shrimp, and in some instances, it can result in the death of your shrimp. This is where some of you will be familiar with the term "white ring of death."
This disparity is the reason why saltwater fish won't flourish in freshwater and vice versa, its also the reason drip acclimation is so Important, never under any circumstances throw healthy looking shrimp directly into another tank, in exceptional conditions if half the shrimp are already dead in a bag then yes do what you can to save whats left to avoid killing all of them.
Electrolytes are minerals and salts that transmit electricity when dissolved in water. Some of these minerals include calcium and magnesium.
These minerals play a crucial role in the development of muscles and bones, digestion, gills development, and strengthening the shrimps immune system to fight off various infections.
Electrolytes are a necessity if your shrimp is to remain healthy, thus the need to ensure they are plenty in your aquarium water.
Note that water that lacks GH is free from electrolytes for your shrimp to consume. This can result in adverse health complications for shrimp such as failing to molt properly.
Soft Water Shrimp Tank
Besides shrimp, aquatic plants demand electrolytes to some extent to support their growth. For instance, plants depend on calcium to grow.
In case your water is too soft, then your GH may be insufficient to provide your shrimp and plants with the electrolytes they require to flourish and stay healthy.
From the above, there is no doubt that adequate GH is paramount in your shrimp tank depending on the species. GH levels keep on changing from time to time because plants and shrimp consume, this is why water changes and good food rich in calcium are important.
It is also possible to have extremely high GH levels in your shrimp tank if the water is subject to evaporation leaving behind calcium and magnesium minerals.
Never top up shrimp tanks with tap water as this will increase the general hardness every time you do so.
We will of course go more into shrimp species specific details when we do some species profiles.
I hope this helps you understand a little bit more about GH and how it affects shrimp tanks.
Happy Shrimp Keeping
Marks Shrimp Tanks
Categories: Shrimp Tank Chemistry
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text:
This thesis argues that Meyer's analytical and aesthetic thought are interdependent. Essential terms used in developing the theory of Emotion and Meaning in Music belong to the realm of private language. It is through the correlation of these terms with specific musical structures that the theory becomes accessible to verification. In his later analyses, put forward in The Rhythmic Structure of Music and Explaining Music, Meyer eliminates specific references to perceptual events. Instead he locates qualities produced by perception (for example 'motion' or 'incompleteness') in their intentional object, a musical structure. Aesthetic presuppositions remain in effect though descriptive language takes on the appearance of objectivity. Significant evidence of this is found in Meyer's rejection of organicism and reappraisal of melody.
An exposition of Meyer's theories of rhythmic grouping and linear structure is included in the thesis for the purpose of clarifying his analytical methodology and use of graphic symbols. His concept of linear structure is distinguished from that of Heinrich Schenker. A comparison of their analyses of two works clearly demonstrates the consequences of Meyer's aesthetic ideas, in that the 'intentional object' of his analyses is quite distinct from Schenker's organically-unified structure. A final chapter discusses the ramifications of Meyer's work for further discussions of the interrelationship between aesthetic ideas and analytical practices.


text:
In the world's fast-paced markets, innovation – in products, services, work processes, management, and more – is critical in driving competitive advantages and business success. Companies must be able to adapt to new opportunities and challenges, but building a culture and workforce that is agile enough to accommodate new strategies and approaches is not a given.
In this information-packed webinar, we discussed:
- Key findings from the latest research on learning's role in driving innovation
- The best learning approaches to develop a more agile workforce
- Practical examples of how learning functions are finding success in enhancing innovation and agility
This webinar is presented by Kevin Oakes, CEO of the Institute for Corporate Productivity (i4cp) and Becky Willis, Vice President of Enterprise Engagement at EdCast, also joins this discussion to provide specific details regarding the technology available to help boost corporate learning program


Currency of Malaysia: Malaysian ringgit, today's rate RM
The Malaysian Ringgit is the currency of Malaysia. The code of Malaysian ringgit is MYR. We use RM as symbol of Malaysian ringgit. The Malaysian Ringgit is divided in 100 sens. MYR is regulated by Central Bank of Malaysia.
Did you know:
More information: currency converter.
The ringgit of Malaysia
«Ringgit» means «lacy» and refers to the pieces of Spanish coins that circulated in the region during Spanish colonization. 1 ringgit is divided into 100 sen.
Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj ibni Almarhum Sultan Abdul Hamid Halim Shah, more commonly known as «Tunku», was the first prime minister, and up until now the most important one, from 1957 to 1970. This is why Malaysia honors him on the front of all banknotes of the country, where he is features in traditional dress.
On the back, Malaysia presents its economic and technological pride: oil rigs on the 50-ringgit note, the Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur on the 5-ringgit note, and even its train, its airline, and its commercial boats on the 10-ringgit note. Despite a very deeply-rooted ancestrally traditional culture, Malaysia doesn't have many ancient or ruined monuments like in Thailand or Indonesia, so they had to create them themselves.
Exchange rate of Malaysian ringgit, currency of Malaysia
1 Malaysian ringgits
10 Malaysian ringgits
5 Malaysian ringgits
50 Malaysian ringgits
100 Malaysian ringgits
Malaysian ringgits
Currency Of Malaysia
flag MYR


DEFINITION of 'Addendum'
An attachment to an a document such as an insurance policy that changes the original policy conditions, either to include or exclude coverage. The addendum becomes part of the legal contract.
In insurance, endorsement is an addendum attached to the original policy that alters or replaces the previous provisions.
In real estate purchase agreements, an addendum is a document containing any changes or modifications negotiated in the original lease. Usually, an addendum is attached to the signed lease, as a part of the lease, and describes financing terms and property inspection requirements.
For contracts, if the addendum alters a contract, which has already been signed by all parties, it is known as an amendment.
 1. Adhesion Contract
 2. Contract Month
 3. Breach Of Contract
 4. Contract Holder
 5. Insurance
 6. Conditionally Renewable Policy
 An insurance policy provision that allows the insurer to not...
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Next:, Previous: Multidimensional, Up: Arrays [Contents][Index]
8.6 Arrays of Arrays
gawk goes beyond standard awk's multidimensional array access and provides true arrays of arrays. Elements of a subarray are referred to by their own indices enclosed in square brackets, just like the elements of the main array. For example, the following creates a two-element subarray at index 1 of the main array a:
a[1][1] = 1
a[1][2] = 2
This simulates a true two-dimensional array. Each subarray element can contain another subarray as a value, which in turn can hold other arrays as well. In this way, you can create arrays of three or more dimensions. The indices can be any awk expressions, including scalars separated by commas (i.e., a regular awk simulated multidimensional subscript). So the following is valid in gawk:
a[1][3][1, "name"] = "barney"
Each subarray and the main array can be of different length. In fact, the elements of an array or its subarray do not all have to have the same type. This means that the main array and any of its subarrays can be nonrectangular, or jagged in structure. You can assign a scalar value to the index 4 of the main array a, even though a[1] is itself an array and not a scalar:
a[4] = "An element in a jagged array"
The terms dimension, row, and column are meaningless when applied to such an array, but we will use "dimension" henceforth to imply the maximum number of indices needed to refer to an existing element. The type of any element that has already been assigned cannot be changed by assigning a value of a different type. You have to first delete the current element, which effectively makes gawk forget about the element at that index:
delete a[4]
a[4][5][6][7] = "An element in a four-dimensional array"
This removes the scalar value from index 4 and then inserts a three-level nested subarray containing a scalar. You can also delete an entire subarray or subarray of subarrays:
delete a[4][5]
a[4][5] = "An element in subarray a[4]"
But recall that you can not delete the main array a and then use it as a scalar.
The built-in functions that take array arguments can also be used with subarrays. For example, the following code fragment uses length() (see String Functions) to determine the number of elements in the main array a and its subarrays:
print length(a), length(a[1]), length(a[1][3])
This results in the following output for our main array a:
2, 3, 1
The 'subscript in array' expression (see Reference to Elements) works similarly for both regular awk-style arrays and arrays of arrays. For example, the tests '1 in a', '3 in a[1]', and '(1, "name") in a[1][3]' all evaluate to one (true) for our array a.
The 'for (item in array)' statement (see Scanning an Array) can be nested to scan all the elements of an array of arrays if it is rectangular in structure. In order to print the contents (scalar values) of a two-dimensional array of arrays (i.e., in which each first-level element is itself an array, not necessarily of the same length), you could use the following code:
for (i in array)
 for (j in array[i])
 print array[i][j]
The isarray() function (see Type Functions) lets you test if an array element is itself an array:
for (i in array) {
 if (isarray(array[i]) {
 for (j in array[i]) {
 print array[i][j]
 print array[i]
If the structure of a jagged array of arrays is known in advance, you can often devise workarounds using control statements. For example, the following code prints the elements of our main array a:
for (i in a) {
 for (j in a[i]) {
 if (j == 3) {
 for (k in a[i][j])
 print a[i][j][k]
 } else
 print a[i][j]
See Walking Arrays, for a user-defined function that "walks" an arbitrarily dimensioned array of arrays.
Recall that a reference to an uninitialized array element yields a value of "", the null string. This has one important implication when you intend to use a subarray as an argument to a function, as illustrated by the following example:
$ gawk 'BEGIN { split("a b c d", b[1]); print b[1][1] }'
error→ gawk: cmd. line:1: fatal: split: second argument is not an array
The way to work around this is to first force b[1] to be an array by creating an arbitrary index:
$ gawk 'BEGIN { b[1][1] = ""; split("a b c d", b[1]); print b[1][1] }'
-| a


[b-greek] Re: Luke 5:7
From: Stephen C. Carlson (_EMAIL_)
Date: Tue Jun 19 2001 - 00:06:04 EDT
At 09:10 PM 6/17/01 -0700, Kenneth Litwak wrote:
> I have some questions on the first half of Luke
>1. When is it legitimate to take the definite article
>as a possessive? The first TOIS construciton is
>clealry missing AUTWN or the like, and I'm wondering
>if the article alone is considered to do that job?
In this case, the use of the possessive as in the
NRSV's "So they signaled their partners" is governed
by English's idiomatic considerations, not Greek's.
For exmaple, the AV puts the "their" in italics,
signaling that it was added to complete the sense of
the Greek but not literally present.
>2. TOU plus an infinitive is common, but what about
>the aorist participle between the two? I know the
>parti8ciple can be used as an imperative, but as part
>of a compound infinitive? Is it "to, afterhaving
>come, help" or "to come and help"?
It is a circumstantial participle, and its precise
nuance has to be gleaned from the context. As a
translation, "come and help" is nice and idiomatic.
>3. Why is this followed by a dative, not an
When SULLAMBANW means "to help out, aid," the
person being helped takes the dative and the
activity in which the help is given, if expressed,
takes the accusative. In Luke 5:7, the activity
is implied.
Stephen Carlson
Stephen C. Carlson _EMAIL_


text:
What We Want for Refugees: Four faces, four values
We want refugees to be treated fairly and honourably, in a process that is independent and affordable.
These are Canadian values and treating refugees in this way is good for Canada and good for refugees.
We believe in fair treatment for refugees:
- Equal rules for everyone everywhere
- Listening to people's stories
- Decisions in a reasonable time
We believe in independent decision-making for refugees:
- Decisions for refugees based on facts and law
- Each case decided on its own merits, not on politics
We believe in honouring our legal obligations towards refugees:
- Respecting the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
- Respecting Canada's international commitments, such as the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and the Convention on the Rights of the Child
We believe in refugee policies that avoid unnecessary costs for refugee families and the Canadian taxpayer:
- Reasonable costs to reach the right decision the first time
- Enabling refugee families to support each other and contribute to Canadian society


Dibrugarh History
The Birth of Dibrugarh Town
Urbanization in mordern India has been greatly influenced by the British Empire. Like many other great Indian cities and town, it was the Britishers that discovered Dibrugarh as another potential hub in the Upper Assam Region of the North-East india. Being located at the confluence of the mighty Brahmaputtra and Dihing River, Dibrugrah commands great importance for the British on various groundsmilitary, administrative, commercial and industrial. Initialy, Dibrugarh Town was founded as a center of strategic importance, and it quickly beacme the aministrative center. During World War-II the town was the principal military base and was used as a transit camp for the evacuees of Burma. In the year 1840, the town was made the district headquarters of Dibrugarh.
The Name
It is said that Dibrugarh owes its name from the compound of two words. The word 'Dibru' or 'Dibaru' and 'Garh'(fort). Dibru or Dibaru is a stream that used to flow to the south of present Dibrugarh Town. When the British set up their militay base in this area, they constructed a Fort on the bank of Dibaru. Hence the name Dibrugarh was coined.
Natural Resources
Apart from its importance as strategic center, Dibrugarh attracts the Britishers with its natural wealth greatly. Tea was discovered by the British as early as 1823, and Chuba 20miles to east of Dibrugarh town was the place where the British made their first experiement with Tea Cultivation. In 1882 Oil was discovered in Digboy and in 1876 Coal was found in Ledo and Margherita.
Today Oil and Tea are the major industries of the District. Duliajan 50 km from Dibrugarh Town is the headquarter of the Oil India Ltd. The Fertiliser Corporation of India and Assam Petro-Chemicals Ltd. At Namrup located at a distance of 80 km from Dibrugarh Town. Besides, The Assam Gas Co. at Duliajan, NEEPCO near Duliajan are some of the other major industries in Dibrugarh.
Zepti.netweb search engine


text:
The Audubon Nature Institute and San Diego Zoo Global were expected to announce Tuesday the development of a breeding program for rare and endangered species on 1,000 acres south of this city, bringing herds of antelope, okapi and Masai giraffe to graze on the banks of the Mississippi River, the New York Times reports.
The breeding site, which will be among the largest in the United States, represents the latest version of a wildlife conservation model based on the finding that certain species mate more successfully when allowed to roam in herds rather than when paired off in captivity, something to which many visitors to Bourbon Street could probably attest. It also brings two of America's most prominent zoological organizations together from opposite sides of the country.
Public access is likely to be somewhat limited, as the facility is intended primarily for breeding and research, and for this reason the species do not have to be, as one scientist put it, the most charismatic kind. But among the more than two dozen species expected in the program, which is slated to begin in 2014, are lions, flamingos, storks and several kinds of antelopes.
Read the story.


text:
The following questions have been asked in discussions with schools interested in using the OnwardsandUpwards system to fulfil their reporting and pupil tracking requirements.
- Where can I find your terms & conditions and data policies
- Our terms & conditions, data protection and data security policies can be downloaded from our Pricing page
- Is OnwardsandUpwards adaptable to all abilities of learners?
- Certainly. It is what OnwardsandUpwards was specifically designed to do with unlimited and flexible "I Can" statements for academic and non-academic progress, e.g. life skills.
- It covers early years through to adult life skills, progress towards independence, employability etc. You can add your own "I Can" statements to suit your own requirements or import them, with permission, from our ever growing embedded library of learning checklists provided by the OnwardsandUpwards Special Schools Community. Steps can be refined to measure infinitely small measurements of progress or larger depending on their ability and rate of progress.
- Can we use our own Learning Outcome Checklists (iCan/Can Do, Statements)?
- Yes. You can add them directly or import them from our growing library of checklists created by the community of OnwardsandUpwards schools.
- Does OnwardsandUpwards cater for setting flexible SMART targets?
- Yes. You can set SMART targets against learning outcome statements (iCans) in several ways.
- Targets can be set as percentage of level or stage (traditional method), as a percentage or number of mastered statements from a basket of statements or as progress towards specifically targeted statements.
- You can even set targets against a collection of highly personalised statements such as in an Education, Health and Care Plans (EHCPs). You can also mix and match these to give a truly holistic picture in a way that suits your school, curriculum and learners.
- Is OnwardsandUpwards Rochford Review ready?
- OnwardsandUpwards is infinitely flexible and our Special School Community tell us it is. They are intensely relaxed about it.
- "The Rochford Review very much supports the absolute importance of formative, holistic assessment for the lowest attaining pupils." It was like OnwardsandUpwards was designed and built with Rochford in mind, before the report was even published.
- Here is an excellent paper by Richard Aird OBE, Reflections on the Rochford Review Recommendations
- Is OnwardsandUpwards easy to use?
- Yes. Depending on the level of user the system displays exactly what the user needs to know or do. It is also highly visual. If you can use a web-browser, you can use OnwardsandUpwards.
- Does it provide detailed analysis?
- Yes. You have standard automated visual reporting at the click of a button to answer any questions you want answers to - when you need to know. Everything is held in one place. Cut and slice reports anyway you like.
- Does it provide cohort reporting, e.g. Looked After Children, Pupil Premium
- Yes. OnwardsandUpwards has a powerful and infinitely flexible cohort reporting functionality already built in so you can compare any group of learners to any other on-the-fly. Learner attributes would be imported from your school's administration (e.g. SIMS) system or if you don't have one, imported from spreadsheets or added directly.
- We really like the visual and colourful reports. Can we have others?
- Yes. We continually add new reports as they are requested by our OnwardsandUpwards Special Schools Community. We don't charge for this service because every new report adds benefit to all of our users. If you can describe the report you want, we can add it to the system for you. Dynamic reporting is being gradually introduced so you will be increasingly able to create your own variations.
- The ability to create customised forms will be available from Spring 2017.
- How is the OnwardsandUpwards system implemented?
- Your badged and initially unpopulated OnwardsandUpwards system can be deployed in less than 48 hours of your initial subscription payment. Implementation happens at your pace following our ten-step process. Full 'How do I?' help files, pdfs and videos are embedded in the system and real-live humans support your designated 'SuperUser(s)'. We make it go right for you so you'll be happy and want to tell others.
- Can parents have access to the information?
- Yes. You get unlimited user licences at no extra cost. You can restrict access e.g. to an individual.
- Can we attach evidence?
- Yes. You can attach videos (or other electronic media) against any pupil's learning outcome or for any subject. The entry is timestamped and the file can be viewed or retrieved.
- Can it be accessed out of school?
- Yes. OnwardsandUpwards is web-based so you can access it anywhere you have the Internet using your own individual username and password.
- Can it be used on an Apple Mac?
- Yes. We are committed to OnwardsandUpwards being compatible with all fixed and mobile devices such as tablets and will always be cross-browser compatible.
- Can we benchmark against other schools?
- This can achieved though data warehousing, uploading your learners progress anonymously. We suggest you start with a cluster and roll out from there. We already have examples of special schools moderating.
- Can we provide access for our teaching assistants?
- Yes. You have unlimited user licences and you can control access privileges per user.
Escendency Ltd., 21 Castle Hill, Lancaster, LA1 1YN
VAT Registration number: _PHONE_ 08
Company Registration number: 05053362


text:
Search for organizer data
You can search for organizer data on your BlackBerry® device that contains specific information.
- On the Home screen or in the Applications folder, click the Search icon.
- Perform any of the following actions:
- Select the check box beside one or more applications.
- Press the Menu key.
- Click Search.
After you finish: To stop a search, press the Escape key.
Note: If you type more than one word in the Text or Name field, only items that contain all the words appear.
Previous topic: Organizer data