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When an entrepreneur makes a pitch in front of a venture capitalist or angel investor, there are some standard expectations of the presentation. However, the potential investor may also have some less obvious expectations with regard to the impression made and confidence conveyed by the entrepreneur. The physical content of the pitch deck slides is significantly important, but perhaps more important are the lasting impressions that the content conveys. In this blog post, we will describe five things an investor expects a pitcher to know.
- Know what is needed. First and foremost, the entrepreneur must demonstrate a clear understanding of how much money is needed and exactly how that money will be used. A vague request for a large sum is meaningless, and perhaps downright offensive, if the entrepreneur can't specifically account for how it will be used and identify the expected increase in revenue and profits as a result of the investment. Know exactly what is needed, how it will be used, and what will be the result of getting the money in terms of sales and profits.
- Know the market. The entrepreneur must also demonstrate an in-depth knowledge of the market. Know what customer needs your product or service satisfies. Know the customer buying behaviors of the market segment and have a clear understanding of why customers buy the product or service. Additionally, know and demonstrate clear understanding of the pricing strategy and how the competition can be beaten. A simple way to prepare to meet this expectation is to complete a SWOT analysis and demonstrate knowledge of that analysis through a discussion of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.
- Know the operations. A third expectation of investors is to verify that the entrepreneur is deeply knowledgeable about the operations of the business. For example, what are the vendors and why were those vendors chosen? The pitch deck content must demonstrate enough granular understanding of personnel, customer service, delivery of products and services, and payment requirements to assure the investors that the entrepreneur understands exactly how the business operates from top to bottom.
- Know the team. Next, the entrepreneur's presentation must show a keen vision of the "team." Who is on the team and why? What are the strengths of each member and how will they make the team a winner? Each individual in the business must contribute to overall success and the business owner has to know why that person is there and how they contribute. An investor is looking for expense "fat" and will want to make sure each person is needed and that the employee's salary expense is worth it.
- Know the exit strategy. Lastly, an investor expects the entrepreneur to have an exit strategy. How will debt be returned to any lenders? How will equity be resolved with investors when it is time for the entrepreneur to exit the business? Know your exit strategy from the beginning. This might be couched in optional strategies depending on circumstances but knowing those options and their impact ahead of time is much more reassuring to the investor than going in with a "blinkered" hope for a wildly successful outcome.
Development of this depth of understanding can be achieved through use of a Business Model Canvas, which we mentioned in a previous blog post. The Gale Business: Plan Builder software available at the Naperville Public Library offers an electronic version of the canvas and will also support preparing a business plan and pitch deck. Each of these resources help to focus an entrepreneur's ideas and knowledge.
These five "knows" are the extra factors that will assure success in a funding request. A pitch deck that demonstrates knowledge in these five areas will have much better odds of success than one that overlooks these investor expectations.
For more information about this and other topics, consider registering for the NaperLaunch Academy workshop series or scheduling a one-on-one appointment with a business librarian or NaperLaunch coach.


How Do You Prune Moringa Trees?
Add your answer...
1 Answer
The more you prune Moringa trees, the more they will grow. Unlike many trees, Moringas actually seem to love being cut back, and will reward your efforts with thousands of leaves and hundreds of buds and flowers. Left to themselves, they tend to get tall and spindly; putting leaves and flowers out only at the very tops, which defeats the purpose of growing Moringas. When pruning your Moringa trees, of any variety, some basic rules apply. One of the first ones, is not to let the tree grow any taller than a height you can easily trim back. We like ours to be maintained at between 5½ to 6 feet tall, once they are established. Pinch off the very top little show of leaves, about every other time they shoot up. Here is a photo of what part to pinch back. Sometimes, due to time restrictions, it is not always easy to pinch back every other new growth, so if they get away from you, and start to get spindly - just cut the entire top back about 2 inches. You will not hurt the Moringa tree, and... more
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The ArActivity also provides a method to display a marker without scanning it: showArSceneWithoutTracking(int markerId). Obviously you need the marker id to call this method; it can retrieved from BearCallback.onMarkerRecognized when user successfully scanned a marker.
The behavior is the same as when a marker is recognized from scan:
- the marker and its assets will be displayed in the augmented reality view
- the BearCallback.onMarkerRecognized callback will be called if no issue while retrieving marker from backend, else BearCallback.onError callback will be called with
isMarkerFromScanequals to false.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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'Sustainability · Strategy · Space – exploring influences on governing for urban sustainability in municipalities.'
Tues, Dec 6, 10.15-12-00
Baltic University Library, Geocentrum, Villavägen 16, Uppsala
Paul Fenton, Department of Management and Engineering, Linköping University
The pursuit of urban sustainability is considered central to sustainable development and is a key objective of the global Sustainable Development Goals (2015) and the New Urban Agenda (2016). This thesis aims to contribute to debates on urban sustainability by providing insights as to the role of actors participating in processes of governing for urban sustainability, with particular focus on the municipal organisation.
The thesis employs an interdisciplinary approach to illustrate divergent approaches to governing for urban sustainability, with reference to empirical studies of strategic planning processes in municipalities in selected North-western European countries – Sweden, Switzerland and The Netherlands.
These studies address themes including climate change, sustainable transport and multi-level governance. The thesis provides a broad overview of theoretical discussions related to governing, strategy and planning, the role of actors in governing for urban sustainability, and the particular importance of climate change as a challenge for urban sustainability.
A number of research gaps are identified and addressed in two research questions, focusing on the organisation and practice of processes of governing for urban sustainability, and the factors influencing actors participating in such processes. The thesis responds to these research questions with reference to five appended papers, which illustrate different dimensions of governing for urban sustainability.
The first paper concerns the organisation of processes to develop energy and climate strategies in Swedish municipalities, and the second paper highlights the experiences of actors participating in such processes. The third paper presents results from a survey illustrating the expectations of stakeholders active in governing transport in the city of Norrköping, Sweden.
In the fourth paper, the development and implementation of policies aiming for sustainable transport and urban sustainability in Basel, Switzerland, are discussed. In the final paper, cooperation through transnational municipal networks is explored with reference to the World Ports Climate Declaration, an initiative of the city of Rotterdam.
The thesis confirms the presence of five factors – capacity, mandate, resources, scope and will – that shape the "strategy space" of actors and play an important role in conditioning the form and content of processes of governing for urban sustainability. The thesis suggests that the ways in which a municipal organisation perceive and mobilise the five factors will strongly determine the extent of its sustainability strategy space.
In sum, municipal organisations and other actors participating in processes of governing for urban sustainability need to mobilise the five factors and expand their strategy space, in order to achieve vertical and horizontal alignment of strategic objectives and facilitate implementation that delivers transformative change.


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The trick to programming Puppet is to remember first that it is not a typical imperial style language, it is a programmatic case logic block style. A good example is that at the end of each command, you must call notify to the next block that you'd like to run.
All the magic of Puppet comes down to Types and Providers, developed in Ruby they are what really makes the plain case logic of Puppet come alive:
The resource types provide the model for what you can do; they define what parameters are present, handle input validation, and they determine what features a provider can (or should) provide.
The core of Puppet's cross-platform support is via Resource Providers, which are essentially back-ends that implement support for a specific implementation of a given resource type. For instance, there are more than 20 package providers, including providers for package formats like dpkg and rpm along with high-level package managers like apt and yum. A provider's main job is to wrap client-side tools, usually by just calling out to those tools with the right information.


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Carbon to replace milk as the new quota in farming
Carbon will become the new quota in Irish farming, according to Trinity College economist Professor Alan Matthews.
Matthews was addressing over 400 farming and food industry leaders at the Agricultural Science Association (ASA) conference in Kilkenny recently.
Professor Matthews said following the ending of the 31-year milk quota system, the Irish agri-food sector faces the new challenge of living in a carbon-constrained world where we must reduce and eventually halt net carbon emissions.
"The new government-sponsored agri-food strategy Food Wise 2025 foresees a significant expansion in agricultural output.
"While this would be very welcome for the economic activity, employment and export earnings it would generate, the climate change challenge has utterly changed the context for agricultural expansion," Matthews said.
Livestock systems are more carbon-intensive compared to tillage systems and because Irish farming is predominantly livestock based, we are a high carbon emitter per hectare or per euro of product produced.
This is notwithstanding the fact that our farmers are more carbon-efficient producers of livestock compared to their EU counterparts, he said.
"Therefore, the structure of Irish farming makes Ireland more vulnerable, especially after 2020 when emitting carbon into the atmosphere will have a direct financial cost to the taxpayer," he said.
Matthews highlighted the large differences in carbon efficiency between different farming and land use systems and between farmers operating similar systems and stressed the importance of intensive research and advice aimed at reducing carbon emissions per unit of output.
He proposed the introduction of targeted subsidies to encourage farmers to adopt practices which help to build up carbon stores in soils and biomass.
He also advocated the introduction of a carbon levy on emissions with the proceeds recycled back to the farming sector.
I am well aware that the last thing farmers want to hear about is another levy but it would be a powerful demonstration of our commitment to environmentally sustainable production.
"If this were introduced across the EU, it would increase the competitive advantage for Irish producers in the EU marketplace and would be a significant marketing advantage.
"The incentive system for carbon efficiency is woefully inadequate at present, starting at the highest levels in the UN and EU.
"Also, price signals are completely absent in the livestock sector even though that is the single largest source of emissions," he said,


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Nov. 20-26, 2017
Water is essential for life, but what if the only sources you have access to are contaminated? And while the Earth produces enough food to feed everyone, some corners of the planet remain hungry. One in nine people in the world are suffering from chronic malnutrition. Women, children, indigenous people, and other minorities are the most susceptible to hunger.
Here's how you can make an impact:
- $5 provides enough cooking gas to feed a family of four in Africa for two weeks.
- $85 provides one week of groceries for a four-person family in a metropolitan area.
- $185 can be used to develop a productive home garden for 10 Colombian families, providing year-round access to diverse, nutritious food.
Get involved! Does your family volunteer at a local soup kitchen or participate in a can drive? Share some tips for others who want to get involved in helping the undernourished in their community and around the world. And remember to _TAG_!
Here are examples of CFC charities providing clean water and easing hunger:


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The last naval battle between France and England for the possession of the North American continent occurred in 1760 in the Bay of Chaleur. The French flotilla was made up of three ships: the Machault, the Bienfaisant and the Marquis de Malauze, sent from France with supplies and backup for their troops stationed on the St. Lawrence.
The English were on alert to prevent the arrival of supplies to Quebec and upon learning of the presence of French ships in the Restigouche estuary, the English prepared an attack. The battle that ensued is the subject of a national museum, the Battle of the Restigouche National Historic Site in Pointe-à-la-Croix. This archaeological site provides an important window onto the culture of 18th-century North America.
The Battle of the Restigouche National Historic Site is located at the mouth of the Restigouche River, at the far end of Chaleur Bay. An interpretation centre built in front of the battle site exhibits the remains of an 18th-century French frigate recovered during underwater archeological excavations. The site is managed by Parks Canada.
After resting for more than 200 years at the bottom of the Restigouche estuary, the wreck of The Machault has finally revealed its secrets.
Thanks to underwater archaeological excavations conducted from 1969 to 1972, a large collection of artifacts was uncovered, which have added to knowledge of the battle and the type of trade occurring between France and the colony during this period. A set recreates the interior of this ship and a film relates the events of the naval confrontation.
The most popular interpretation activity is the demonstration of loading of one of the cannons recovered from the wreck of The Machault.
A scenic lookout offers a view out over the Restigouche River and the site of the battle as well as Campbellton, a city in New Brunswick. A number of picnic tables have also been made available to visitors who wish to enjoy the area a bit longer.
Early June to mid October: 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.
Reservations required during off season.
Commercial Group, per person: $2.95
School Groups, per student: $1.95
P.O. Box 359, Route132

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Health FAQs
A preexisting condition is often defined as a medical condition (i.e., an injury or illness) for which treatment was received or recommended during the 6 months prior to the insured's effective date of coverage under a health plan.
A preexisting conditions clause excludes coverage for preexisting conditions for possibly as long as 12 months after the effective date of coverage, but can be shorter. Pregnancy is not a pre-existing condition.
Although providing very broad coverage, most plans typically contain a number of exclusions. Common exclusions include medical expenditures arising from:
 - Cosmetic surgery unless required to correct a condition resulting from an injury or a birth defect
 - Occupational injuries and illnesses that are otherwise covered under a Workers' Compensation law
Other common exclusions relate to benefits provided by government agencies (e.g., VA hospitals) and expenses paid under other insurance programs, including Medicare and Personal Injury Protection Coverage under your Personal Automobile Policy.
Most plans available today do not require a referral to see a specialist, but you will still need to get pre-authorizations for some procedures.
Most of the plans we see today are either an EPO ( Exclusive Provider Organization) or HDHP (High Deductible Health Plan). There are others, but these are the most common.
EPOs have copays for office visits, most tests and prescriptions. Hospital stays, surgery and invasive tests are generally covered after a deductible or cost-sharing is applied.
HDHPs are usually coupled with a Health Savings Account (HSA) and have a deductible of at least $1,150 before the insurance portion kicks in. The deductible can be as high as $5,950 for an individual and $11,900 for a family. These deductibles are indexed annually.


Figure 1. Internal safety controls for a scroll compressor. (Figure Courtesy of Emerson Climate Technologies.)
Many modern day scroll compressors incorporate a variety of internal safety controls that can actuate the internal line break motor protection (Fig. 1). Some safety features that can be found in the air conditioning scroll less than seven tons include:
Temperature Operated Disc (TOD):A bimetallic disc that senses compressor discharge temperature and opens at 270°F.
Internal Pressure Relief (IPR):Opens at approximately 400 +/-50-psi differential between high and low side pressures for R-22, and 500 to 625 psi differential for R-410A.
Floating Seal:Separates the high side from the low side. Also prevents the compressor from drawing into a deep vacuum and damaging (shorting) the Fusite electrical terminal.
Internal Motor Protection:An inherent protector sensing both internal temperatures and amperages.
Another innovative scroll compressor protection device is used with compressors for better reliability, diagnostic accuracy, speed of service, and reduced callbacks when dealing with compressor systematic troubleshooting. The diagnostic controller installs in the electrical box of a commercial condensing unit, residential unit, or inside a rooftop unit. It is completely self-contained and has no external sensors (Fig. 2).
Figure 2. Diagnostic controller with no external sensors. (Figure Courtesy of Emerson Climate Technologies.)
In fact, it actually uses the compressor as a sensor because the compressor's electrical lines run through the device that acts as a current transformer. It monitors vital information from the scroll compressor that will help pinpoint the root cause of cooling system problems. These common problems include electrical problems, compressor defects, and other broad system faults.
Phase dropouts, miswiring, and short cycling can also be detected through this device. A flashing light emitting diode (LED) will quickly communicate the alert code and direct the service technician to the problem.
Publication date:12/01/2008


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Individual differences |
Methods | Statistics | Clinical | Educational | Industrial | Professional items | World psychology |
Arlie Russell Hochschild (born 15 January 1940) is a professor of sociology at the University of California, Berkeley, in the United States. She is the author of several books and numerous articles, including The Time Bind: When Work Becomes Home and Home Becomes Work (1997) and The Second Shift, which discuss the dual labor by women in both the general economy and within the household. According to her research, the first is rewarded less than the labor of men, while the second is completely unpaid. Arguably her most influential work to the field of sociology has been Emotion Work, Feeling Rules and Social Structure (1979) and subsequently The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling (1983).
|This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia (view authors).|


Resources for Educators
Teaching Tip
From the Teacher's Aide Newsletter
2017 February
Brainstorming Review
If you are the type to review just before a test, you probably stand at the front of the class and quiz your students verbally over the basic topic or topics to be covered before you hand it out. Next time, try using this brainstorming activity to help some of that quick review to stick in their brains a bit longer. (Plan for 10-15 minutes for this activity to be most effective.)
 1. Have students pull out a piece of blank paper.
 2. Ask them to write all the words or ideas they know about the selected topic. (If there are multiple topics covered on the test, this may need to be a multi-step process so they can brainstorm each topic separately.)
 3. Next, have them exchange their brainstorming paper with a partner to see if they missed anything. Each student adds any words or ideas to their paper that they may have missed.
 4. Allow the students to look over their brainstorming papers for an additional minute or two, then have them give you their papers before handing out the test.
Once they finally take the test, the students will have already activated their long-term memories of the concepts and vocabulary for the selected topics, and writing them down just minutes before helped to establish current physical memories. It may just give that student with test anxiety the extra boost needed to succeed on the test.


Commissar Moscow
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The re-animated Captain Metropolis, now Soviet Super Soldier
Commissar Moscow Is a member of the October Guard and the Soviet counterpart to Captain Metropolis.
Fictional Character BiographyEdit
The mysterious Soviet super genius known as Rasputin had perfected a machine that could re-animate the dead. The recently deceased Nikolai Ivanovic Lebonchenski, a brilliant general, was chosen as the first subject. the experiment was a success, but the scientists believed that a fit, able body would be better suited. For reasons unclear as of this writing, Captain Metropolis was chosen, and he was assassinated by KGB agents in the summer of 1965 in what appeared to be a car crash. After transplanting the brain into the new body, Commissar Moscow was placed in the October Guard as its leader. However, the transplant was unstable, and eventually Gardner's corpse broke apart, taking Lebonchenski with it. After his death, leadership of the October Guard was returned to Rasputin.
Powers and AbilitiesEdit
Commissar Moscow has no super powers. However, he is an Olympic-level athlete and possesses valuable knowledge of Cold-War era Russian firearms.
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Is Uber really decreasing ambulance usage?
Two economists conclude that Uber availability has reduced EMS ambulance transport by 7 percent in major U.S. cities
After calculating the availability of Uber and ambulance usage in major U.S. cities, two economists have concluded that the availability of ride-sharing services has decreased ambulance usage by at least seven percent. Their research is a helpful follow-up to anecdotal reports that patients are picking Uber and Lyft instead of ambulance transport.
Intuitively, it makes sense that given alternative and easily accessible options to reach the hospital, the market would choose those options. An Uber or Lyft ride is a couple of swipes away for millions of users. We are also in a cultural moment of celebrating the gig economy and how it's disrupting everything from vehicle ownership, to vacation lodging, to healthcare.
A medical director of mine was fond of reminding us, "Correlation does not equal causation." Have the researchers truly discovered causation; more Uber cars available leads to less ambulance trips per year? Or have they observed a correlation between two variables?
Are patients asking you if they should have called an Uber or Lyft ride instead of ambulance?
Are patients asking you if they should have called an Uber or Lyft ride instead of ambulance? (Photo/Pixabay)
The full paper, including the description of methods, is worth reading and it's embedded below. Are there other explanations for a decrease in ambulance usage? Several that come to mind for me include:
 - An improving economy. It's good for one's health, generally, to have a job, regular income and benefits.
 - The rate of uninsured Americans has decreased in the wake of the Affordable Care Act. A standard benefit of health insurance is better access to preventative care, vaccinations and immunizations, prescription fulfillment, treatment adherence and health condition screening.
 - Preventative care, through community paramedicine and other social services, often targets the highest ambulance utilizers. It seems a stretch, but plausible, that ambulance use might drop by several percentage points because of call reduction to the top 10, 25, 50 or 100 utilizers in a community.
I don't have data to back up my assertions. Rather, I am suggesting other variables that might have a causation or correlation impact on ambulance usage.
Pros of picking Uber over an ambulance
For consumers, there are many pros to picking an Uber or other types of self-transport over an ambulance. Those reasons include:
 - Knowing the arrival time for the ride-share car at the patient's side.
 - Pricing for the transport is known at the time of request, and depending on proximity, could be considerably less expensive.
 - Selecting their destination, even if it's not the nearest receiving facility.
The only time most people think about EMS and the nearest ambulance is the time between their 911 call and the arrival of the ambulance. Watching the Uber vehicle near its destination on a smartphone map has a longer lead time, with accompanying peace of mind that help is on the way, than listening for the wail of sirens or watching for the flashing of bright lights. Even if that help is just a ride to the hospital.
Cons of picking Uber over an ambulance
For the patient, the biggest con or risk is their condition deteriorating or becoming emergent during transport. It's reasonable for fire chiefs and paramedic chiefs to caution the public about picking an Uber instead of an ambulance when their life is at risk. If their time-critical illness becomes life threatening, it may go unrecognized and untreated by the layperson driver. Other cons of calling an Uber instead of an ambulance include:
 - Selecting an inappropriate facility for the illness or injury, followed by a subsequent trip in another Uber or an ambulance.
 - Delaying care for emergency conditions like myocardial infarction, asthma exacerbation, severe hemorrhage or anaphylaxis that could have been initiated on scene by medical first responders and continued during ambulance transport by EMTs or paramedics.
 - Transportation may not have been the treatment the patient needed. EMTs and paramedics have increasing options for on-scene treatment without transport or the ability to transport the patient to a non-hospital receiving facility.
Make Uber an option for 911 callers
The research doesn't explain if some of the Uber rides were at the direction or scheduling of a 911 operator or hospital-initiated program to transport patients for follow-up or ongoing care. If a nurse, working in a 911 center, is used to triage a low acuity patient into a ride-share vehicle instead of an ambulance, that's still an EMS transport. It's just in a vehicle with lower capital costs and overhead.
What do you tell patients, Uber vs. ambulance?
Patients commonly ask us for reassurance about their decision to call for an ambulance. Are patients asking you if they should have called an Uber or Lyft ride instead of ambulance? If yes, what are you telling them?
Did UberX Reduce Ambulance Volume?
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Join the discussion
Copyright © 2021 EMS1. All rights reserved.


JHOVE - JSTOR/Harvard Object Validation Environment
1 Introduction
Identification, validation, and characterization actions are frequently necessary during routine operation of digital repositories and for digital preservation activities. These actions are performed by modules. The output from JHOVE is controlled by output handlers. JHOVE uses an extensible plug-in architecture; it can be configured at the time of its invocation to include whatever specific format modules and output handlers that are desired. The initial release of JHOVE includes modules for arbitrary byte streams, ASCII and UTF-8 encoded text, GIF, JPEG2000, and JPEG, and TIFF images, AIFF and WAVE audio, PDF, HTML, and XML; and text and XML output handlers.
2 Use Cases
Potential use cases for JHOVE include:
 1. Identification
 1. "I have an object; what format is it?"
 2. Validation
 1. "I have an object that purports to of format F; is it?"
 2. "I have an object of format F; does it meet profile P of F?"
 3. "I have an object of format F and external metadata about F in schema S; are they consistent?"
 3. Characterization
 1. "I have an object of format F; what are its salient properties (given in schema S)?"
In terms of the OAIS Reference Model [ISO/IEC 14721], JHOVE can be integrated into repository workflows with respect to Submission Information Package (SIP) creation and ingest validation.
3 Architecture
JHOVE is designed as a layered architecture with an API (with well-defined, public interfaces) invoked by a thin application layer for a stand-alone, command line tool, applicable for batch and interactive operation. The API can be used on its own to create other compatible tools.
5 Implementation
JHOVE is implemented as a Java application, written to conform to J2SE 1.4, using the Sun SDK 1.4.1. JHOVE should be usable on any Unix, Windows, or OS X platform with an appropriate J2SE installation.
JHOVE can be invoked with two interfaces:
 1. A command-line interface
 2. A Swing-based GUI interface
6 Tutorial
A tutorial on how to use JHOVE is available.
7 Standard Modules
The following standard modules are available:
 1. AIFF-hul: Audio Interchange File Format
 2. ASCII-hul: ASCII-encoded text
 3. BYTESTREAM: Arbitrary bytestreams (always well-formed and valid)
 4. GIF-hul: Graphics Exchange Format (GIF)
 5. HTML-hul: Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
 6. JPEG-hul: Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) raster images
 7. JPEG2000-hul: JPEG 2000
 8. PDF-hul: Page Description Format (PDF)
 9. TIFF-hul: Tagged Image File Format (TIFF) raster images
 10. UTF8-hul: UTF-8 encoded text [Unicode]
 11. WAVE: Audio for Windows [WAVE, WAVEFORMAT]
 12. XML-hul: Extensible Markup Language (XML)
8 License
JHOVE is made available by JSTOR and the President and Fellows of Harvard College under the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL).
Note that previous versions of JHOVE were released under the GNU General Public License (GPL).
Development of JHOVE was funded in part by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation through a grant to JSTOR for the recently launched Electronic-Archiving Initiative.
The JHOVE logo is based on a manipulated three-color filter image of Jupiter and its moon Ganymede (P-20945C, Voyager 1-9, January 31, 1979) produced by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory from images taken by the Voyager 1 spacecraft on January 24, 1979. The original image and caption are made available from NASA by the National Space Science Data Center.
Copyright 2003-2009 by JSTOR and the President and Fellows of Harvard College. Used by permission.
Last updated 2009-02-25


2.93 FAQ-939 Is there a way to disable cell formulas in my project?
Last Update: 6/5/2018
Origin 2018 introduced the cell formula; spreadsheet-like cell-level calculations. Those who do not use cell formulas don't need to concern themselves with disabling the feature. However, those who do use cell formulas may find that it suits their workflow to temporarily disable cell formulas and that is the subject of this FAQ.
To disable cell formula:
 - You can directly enter worksheet cell formulas in the default mode and the calculated result will be shown immediately upon clicking outside the cell. However, if you prefer to see all cell formulas as you work, click Edit: Edit Mode. Origin will pause calculation until you reselect Edit: Edit Mode.
 - There is also a way to disable cell formulas using a LabTalk system variable. Like the previous method, this will not prevent you from entering cell formulas in the cell but when you use this method, the formula will be simply treated as text and no calculation will be done until the value of the system variable is reverted to its default value (_USER_=1).
_USER_=0 // disable cell formulas
_USER_=1 // default, allow cell formulas
For guidance on changing the value of a LabTalk system variable, see this FAQ.
When you suspect cell formula of causing Origin to crash:
In rare cases, we have seen cell formula-related program crashes and when you suspect that this might be the cause, try the following:
 1. Run Origin by launching the program directly from the Windows Start menu or by clicking on the Origin desktop shortcut or taskbar icon. Do not launch Origin by double-clicking on the project file.
 2. Choose Edit: Edit Mode to pause cell formula calculation.
 3. Open your project using File: Open or File: Recent Projects.
If you are able to open a project in this mode where previously you could not, there is a good chance that something in your cell formula calculations is causing the crash. While in Edit Mode, you can try deleting your cell formulas and/or try to save portions of the project that do not contain cell formulas, as new window or project files.
Keywords:cell formula, cell calculation, spreadsheet, Edit Mode


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In last week's post we started to take a look at what you can do to live with purpose without getting overwhelmed by tackling too much at once. Today I thought I'd share a list of various things you can do to live more purposely and make a difference. Browse through the list below and use it as inspiration for things you can do. Try what seems interesting or fun or use it as a starting point to come up with your own ideas. Most importantly come up with a couple of small things and commit to doing them this week. It's time to start living with purpose now.
At Home and At Work
Let's start with a couple of meaningful and purposeful things you can do around your house and office:
- Organize your desk.
- Learn a new language or skill.
- Pick up a new hobby.
- Reconnect with old friends.
- Write Thank You notes.
- Plan a romantic dinner.
- Plant a garden.
- Cook from scratch.
- Cook from scratch.
- Take a continued education class.
- Go back to college.
In Your Local Community
Another great place to look at when it comes to living with purpose is your local community. What activities can you participate in, and what can you do to help out. Here are a few ideas to get you thinking about this:
- Help out an elderly neighbor.
- Trade babysitting services with a friend.
- Attend and help out at a local church.
- Support local charities.
- Run a charity race.
- Help out at your child's school.
- Volunteer at a local animal shelter or soup kitchen.
- Donate to a local food pantry.
In The World
Last but not least, there's a lot you can do to make a difference in the world at large. Some of it will require travel and thus a bit more planning (not to mention money), but there's also quite a bit you can do from home, thanks to the internet and our global connections. Here are a couple of ideas for you:
- Join and support charitable organizations.
- Learn about different cultures and languages.
- Support mission trips from your local community.
- Go on a mission trip.
- Travel and explore different cultures.
- Provide financial support to your favorite causes.
- Become active on social media to raise awareness.
I hope these ideas have inspired you to come up with your very own short list of simple things you can start doing right now to live with more purpose. Find one or two of them and start implementing them right away. Then keep coming back to your list for inspiration and to add to it as we go through the rest of this 30 day challenge.
Stop wasting your time. Make today your Day 1.


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Adobe Flash animation, which starts with one large rectangle, which is divided
into four slightly smaller, which, in turn, are divided again, and so on.
The idea behind this animation is based on so-called quad trees used in computer graphics.
A virtual object consists of polygons: small flat surfaces. If the number of polygons is large enough, you will perceive the object as being a realistic representation of a real object.
To calculate whether a polygon casts a shadow, you need to calculate whether there is another polygon between the polygon and the virtual light source.
One way to do this is to check all polygons in the virtual space. Depending on the number of polygons, this will result in a huge number of calculations.
To reduce the amount of calculations the virtual space is devided into cubes. If a cube is empty, the subdivision ends, if a cube has virtual objects in it, the cube is devided again etc. etc..
Instead of calculating all polygons, first the enclosing cube is submitted to a calculation, if there's no intersection, there will not be intersection with one of the polygons inside that specific cube. This method allows to reduce the number of redundant calculations considerably.
In this case, the cubes are replaced by rectangles.
The rectangle is only divided if the colours inside the square differ from each other.
After some time, a pixel-art illustration will emerge.


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Teachers, save "Rosa Parks Timeline" to assign it to your class.
Melissa Morey
Student Instructions
Rosa Parks Timeline
1. Tap 2. Tap tool 3. Move each word box to the correct date, creating a timeline of events for Rosa Parks. 4. Tap and review your work 5. Tap and add to your journal
1st Grade, 3rd Grade, 2nd Grade, Reading, History
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LED floodlights is a kind of floodlighting fixture that offers even illumination across a wide area such as the yard, square, stadium, stage or other spacious locations. Once in a time, metal halide and high pressure sodium are commonly used in for floodlight sources. Light Emitting Diode are introduced into this area recently due to the rapid development of LED manufacturing and packaging. Compared to conventional lighting sources, LED has unprecedented advantages which accommodates the needs for energy-saving and less maintenance.
LED flood lights operate at far lower temperatures than regular lighting. This makes them safer than conventional lighting. This increases the safety of the lights as well as their efficiency. Flood lights can be used both indoors and outdoors. LED flood lights ensure safe working conditions for the manufacturers, maintenance workers and those who will be using the lights regularly.
Most traditional flood lights are HPS (high-pressure sodium) flood lights, using sodium in an excited state to create visible light. HPS lights are extremely bright and can cover a large area; however, they are gradually replaced by LED flood lights because they have their drawbacks. For example, HPS flood lights contain a number of mercury which is a danger to people's health. LED flood lights, on the other hand, contain no toxic elements, which is safer.
Outdoor sports arenas benefit particularly from floodlighting, as it is often necessary for sporting events to be carried out in the evenings or in low light conditions. Therefore, it is imperative that there is sufficient high quality artificial lighting to substitute natural daylight. Floodlights also allow the event to be successfully televised, as it is vital that lighting levels are high enough to meet broadcast quality levels.
Concerts and plays also benefit from floodlighting, as the beam of light can be directed where needed. This is particularly important at outdoor events.
Homes and offices benefit from floodlighting as a security measure as they can be an effective deterrent to burglars. Sometimes these lights can be sensor operated and only illuminate if a trespasser enters the area, alternatively, they can remain on, which is often the case in public car parks, to ensure that the area is highly lit at all times.
Here is a breakdown of the benefits of LED commercial fixtures:
- LED bulbs have a very long life.
- LED lighting is eco-friendly, as it uses less electricity.
- LED lights naturally emit an extremely bright light.
- LED light can be directed specifically, rather than just creating a pool of light.


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Education in Canada
The school system of Canada is very much like the one in the USA, but there are certain differences. Education in Canada is general and compulsory for children from 6 to 16 years old, and in some provinces — to 14. It is within the competence of the local authorities, and therefore it may differ from province to province. For example, Newfoundland has an 11-grade system. Some other provinces have 12-grade systems, and Ontario has even a 13-grade system. Grades 1—6 are usually elementary schools, and grades 7—12 are secondary schools. In some provinces there is a kindergarten year before the first grade. Elementary education is general and basic, but in the junior high school years the students can select some courses themselves. Most secondary schools provide programmes for all types of students. Some of them prepare students for continuing their studies at the university. Vocational schools are separate institutions for those who will not continue their education after secondary schools. There also exist some commercial high schools. Some provinces have private kindergartens and nursery schools for children of pre-elementary age. There also exist Roman Catholic schools and private schools in some provinces. In most provinces private schools receive some form of public support. Admission to the university in Canada is after high school with specific courses. Getting a degree in law, medicine, dentistry or engineering usually takes 3—4 years of studying. University tuition fees vary among different provinces. All provinces also have public non-university institutions. They are regional colleges, institutes of technology, institutes of applied arts, colleges of agricultural technology and others. Criteria for admission to these institutions are less strict.


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How to detect the quality of potentiometers?
1.The circuit graphic symbol of the dual coaxial potentiometer in the circuit is shown in figure 1. When the pointer multimeter is used to detect the quality of the double coaxial potentiometer, the suitable electrical barrier of the multimeter is selected according to the resistance value of the detected double potentiometer.
First, the detection method of resistance value.
The resistance values of two groups of potentiometers on the double potentiometer are measured by using the two pens of the pointer multimeter, that is, the resistance values between A and C and A 'and C' in figure 4. Under normal circumstances, the resistance values of the two should be basically the same.
Fig. 1 the circuit graphic symbol of the double coaxial potentiometer in the circuit.
Second, the detection method of synchronization performance.
The A and C and A and C ends of the detected double potentiometer are short connected by a short wire, and then the resistance value between the center head B and B'of the potentiometer is measured by using a multimeter two-meter pen. Under normal circumstances, no matter where the shaft of the double potentiometer turns, the resistance value between the two points B and B should be equal to the resistance value between A and C or between A and C, that is to say, The pointer to the multimeter should always remain unchanged at the scale of the A and C or A' and C resistance values.
If the pointer of the multimeter is found to deflect, it means that the synchronization performance of the detected double potentiometer is poor and cannot continue to be used.
2. A method of detecting an adjustable resistor.
Adjustable resistor is also called adjustable potentiometer and fine-tuning potentiometer. Because of its small size, its rotating Reed is easy to loosen. When testing, you can use a multimeter to measure the resistance on both ends of the foot. If there is no indication of resistance value, it indicates that the Reed is loose or the diaphragm has been burned out; If the Reed is loose, you can clamp it with a pointed mouth clamp, measure the resistance between the middle pin and any pin on both sides, and rotate the Reed at the same time to see if the pointer on the table changes with the rotation angle, and if there is no change, it is damaged.
For the fine-tuning potentiometer with poor contact, it can be cleaned with gasoline or alcohol first, and then the new parts can be replaced when the cleaning is invalid.
If you want to know more, our website has product specifications for potentiometers, you can go to ALLICDATA ELECTRONICS LIMITED to get more information


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April 20 is National Talibé Day. There has been a lot of press over the past few weeks about the talibé system here in Senegal, especially as a report by Human Rights Watch was released less than a week ago, condemning the conditions these boys are subjected to. The following is quoted from an article from the Human Rights Watch website:
The 114-page report, "'Off the Backs of the Children': Forced Begging and Other Abuses against Talibés in Senegal," documents the system of exploitation and abuse in which at least 50,000 boys known as talibés – the vast majority under age 12 and many as young as four – are forced to beg on Senegal's streets for long hours, seven days a week, by often brutally abusive teachers, known as marabouts. The report says that the boys often suffer extreme abuse, neglect, and exploitation by the teachers. It is based on interviews with 175 current and former talibés, as well as some 120 other people, including marabouts, families who sent their children to these schools, Islamic scholars, government officials, and humanitarian officials.
"Senegal should not stand by while tens of thousands of talibé children are subjected every day to beatings, gross neglect, and, in fact, conditions akin to slavery," said Georgette Gagnon, Africa director at Human Rights Watch. "The government should take the occasion of National Talibé Day, April 20, to commit to regulate all Quranic schools and hold abusive marabouts accountable."
In Senegal's predominantly Muslim society, where religious leaders wield immense social and political power, children have long been entrusted to marabouts who educate them in these residential Quranic schools, called daaras. Many marabouts, who serve as de facto guardians, conscientiously carry out the important tradition of providing young boys with a religious and moral education.
But research by Human Rights Watch shows that in many urban residential daaras today, other marabouts are using education as a cover for economic exploitation of the children in their charge. Many marabouts in urban daaras demand a daily quota from the children's begging and inflict severe physical and psychological abuse on those who fail to meet it. Human Rights Watch documented numerous cases of beatings, and several cases in which children had been chained, bound, and forced into stress positions as they were beaten.
In the more than 100 daaras from which Human Rights Watch interviewed current or former talibés, the marabout typically collects between US$20,000 and $60,000 a year from the boys' begging – a substantial sum in a country where most people live on less than $2 a day. Interviews suggest that some marabouts amass upward of $100,000 a year through exploiting children in their care.
For a more complete story, you can follow this link:
It comes as no surprise to us to read articles and reports like this, since we have found what they say to be true. And we encourage prayer on behalf of these boys, not just at our center, but all over the country.
On a more happy note, I'll leave you with several shots from a recent day at the center. The boys received "Operation Christmas Child" boxes – and I wish you could have experienced the incredible joy that we did that morning, watching them open their gifts. One boy was shaking and clutching his own arms to try and control himself, he told the founder of the center that he was "so happy he was going to cry."


Grandparents – How Important Are They?
I have always wished that my kids grandparents were close by, the fact that I have moved away from home, and don't see my parents very often. I sometimes wonder if I did my did a dis-service by moving away from my parents. How important are grandparents in our kids life?
Grandparents give children and society a sense of continuity, I thinks kids need to develop respect and empathy for all ages and stages of life. Not only do they develop respect for elderly individuals, they get to see how we care for our parents. This will provide a model for them on how to care for us as we age.
As parents and primary caregivers of our kids, we are always teaching, disciplining and coaching. Grandparents provides a reprieve for both us and our kids. The kids can be around the grandparents and be spoiled for a while, and we can relax and possibly rejuvenate our relationship knowing that the kids are with the grandparents, who hopefully share our values.
Grandparents benefit from being around the kids as well. I have seen that kids enhance their life; the grandparents' can participate in youthful activities, and not be stuck in activities for retired people only.
If you have parents who want to be involved in the grand children's lives, and can be close enough to participate, this relationship should be encouraged.
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 1. Great points. Unfortunately, the western society has created an environment that nurtures a total disconnect between the aging population and the younger folks. Some grandparents have minimal to nonexistent relationships with their grandchildren due to distance, restrictive environments, strained relationships with their children, and so on. These are viable barriers to a healthy grandparent-child-grandchild relationship. It is difficult for grandchildren to maintain close -knit connection with their grandparents if they are institutionalized in a nursing home, assisted living facility or other type senior care center. As the health care industry advances in their delivery of life sustaining services, more and more elderly populations remain in the work force and postpone their retirement while exercising their independence,which includes living in their own homes away from the grandchildren, therefore missing the opportunities to infuse these rich values. I have been privileged to have my parents live with me for several years before my father passed away. It can be challenging if they have health problems that render them totally dependent; but the bond they develop with the grandchildren and the valuable lessons they instill in them are priceless! Unfortunately, everyone does not have the opportunity to have this experience for reasons best known to them, understandably.
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B Corporation Certification
Why IVHQ is a certified B Corporation
Environmental and social impact has always been at the heart of what we do, so it made sense for International Volunteer HQ to undergo the rigorous assessment to become a Certified B Corporation.
B Corp is a symbol of sustainability, inclusivity and quality, showing that we have been externally audited and holding us to the highest social and environmental standards.
We're proud to say that since 2015, IVHQ is the first and only certified B Corp volunteer travel provider.
IVHQ is also the only volunteer travel company to be a member of the Volunteer Groups Alliance (VGA), which is aligned with the United Nations and its 2030 agenda for sustainable development.
 What is a B Corporation?
The B Corp movement is all about identifying and recognizing ethical organizations that work toward reduced inequality, lower levels of poverty, a healthier environment, stronger communities, and the creation of more high quality jobs with dignity and purpose.
How did IVHQ become a B Corp?
As a certified 'B Corp', International Volunteer HQ and Intern Abroad HQ have undergone a robust assessment on the company's impact on its workers, customers, community and environment.
But it doesn't end there. B Corp is a long-term commitment, and the process continues with a challenging annual recertification process.
Dan Radcliffe, Founder of IVHQ
Using business as a force for good
We believe that business should be contributing positively towards society. That's why we only offer ethical volunteer programs that are locally run. Locals determine the focus of the volunteering, because they understand the community need surrounding each project. This ensures volunteers are contributing to projects that genuinely benefit from their support.
Being seen as 'good' through marketing is easy, but actually doing good is where many companies fall short. The B Corp stamp ensures we are dedicated, accountable, responsible and 100% transparent with our customers, communities, employees and the environment.
How does IVHQ put B Corp values into practice?
Here are a few examples of how we use B Corp's best practice guidelines to ensure maximum benefit to volunteers, communities, employees and the environment.
For volunteers
For volunteers:
 - Empower volunteers to make a positive impact, learn new skills and explore their career path.
 - Ensure programs are affordable, flexible and accessible to people of all ages and from all backgrounds.
 - Provide hands-on support to every volunteer from start to finish and ask for feedback.
 - Regularly audit programs to ensure they are impactful, safe and well-run.
For local communities
For local communities:
 - Ensure programs target the local community's most pressing issues so volunteers help where they are genuinely needed.
 - Ensure all projects work sustainably towards long term goals, providing a consistent flow of volunteers until they are no longer needed.
 - Screen volunteers, manage expectations and cap numbers when a program reaches capacity.
 - Provide regular training to the local teams on best practice volunteer management.
For employees
For employees:
 - Promote diversity and inclusion in the workplace.
 - Prioritize operational savings and sustainable spend.
 - Ensure internal transparency within the business.
 - B Corp symbol attracts talent and new employees.
 - Collaborate, build relationships and learn from fellow B Corps.
For the environment
For the environment:
 - Offset carbon emissions for all staff flying to visit/audit programs.
 - Encourage volunteers to offset carbon emissions with a Carbon Footprint Calculator.
 - Run tree planting and environmental conservation programs.
 - Volunteers participate in environmental education projects in local schools to promote sustainable living.
We've got a big vision for the role that IVHQ will play in enabling people anywhere in the world and do something positive in the community, and this Certification is a symbol of our commitment to realizing that vision in a responsible and sustainable way. We hope other entrepreneurial businesses will be inspired to join the movement too.
The B-Corp declaration of interdependence:
We envision a global economy that uses business as a force for good. This economy is comprised of a new type of corporation - the B Corporation - Which is purpose-driven and creates benefit for all stakeholders, not just shareholders.
How to get started
Pick a destination + project and apply for free
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How Easy Is It To Lose Faith in College? Video – The Jacket
How do students treat their faith after they leave your student ministry and head to college?
This 2.5 minute video illustrates the point very well. Will the faith of your teens be set aside like an old jacket?
Here are some discussion questions I would recommend you use with your seniors. If we never get real with them, what can we expect? It is my prayer that these will break the ice and open the way for real dialogue about the near future and how they will handle their newfound freedom, busy schedules, temptations, and choices.
 - What is your first response after watching this? What feelings or thoughts did it stir up?
 - If the jacket represents this student's faith in Christ, how would you describe that faith? What tends to happen to faith that can be taken on or off like a jacket? Why do you think that is?
 - What happened to the students' friends as the video went on? How could isolation from supportive community be part of the problem for students who are tempted to toss faith aside?
 - One way people have described this kind of understanding of faith is that it's mostly about behaviors—things we do or don't do to act like a Christian. What would you say in response to that? How is that different from saying God's grace through Jesus Christ is at the core of faith? (Check out Ephesians 2:1-10 for Paul's response to this).
 - What do you think a college student—or high school student—can do to keep their faith from becoming like a jacket? What would you say to people like the guy in the video who feel like they've blown it in some way and tossed their faith aside?
5 thoughts on "How Easy Is It To Lose Faith in College? Video – The Jacket
 1. It is all about identity development. At some point in every person's life we have to come to the conclusion that "Christ-follower" is who we are and not just something we do. Because of the design of our culture and the college experience this identity development often takes place in our 20's. The concerning thing to me is that during those years we are less likely to have meaningful interaction with numerous mature adults who have well developed identities. This is especially true for Christians. There is a vacuum of interactions between students developing their identity as Christians and mature Christians who can help them along in this process. Mature Christians need to be intentionally present within the lives of students. Mature Christians need to be available and vulnerable to students as they wrestle with the tough questions about who they are going to be.
 2. I never had any faith to start with going into college, therefore had nothing to lose. The one error you make is the tacit assumption that Christian raised youth started out having faith and somehow lose it when they leave for college. For many (like myself) we never really had it to start with—we just went along for the ride without making waves because we were dependents living at home. Because we also know the risks of being treated like shit if if we "come out" as atheists in a Christian family and community. In may U.S. bible belts it's worse than coming out as gay.
 I personally would never tolerate some self appointed Christian guardian intruding on my life by being "intentionally present" while I'm in college. I'd toss you out on your ear.
 Also, there is nothing wrong with unattached people choosing to have sex. It's a normal biological human function—just be responsible and take proper precautions.
 - Joe:
 While I agree that many people (college age or otherwise) "leave" the faith because they were never really believers in the first place, I disagree that my "tacit assumption" about kids raised in the church is wrong. The stats are all over about church going teens dropping their faith in college and a percentage returning to the church later in life.
 Why do you seem so angry about setting up safe guards against that happening? And also this post is not so much about having a "christian guardian intruding" as it is about training teens to be on guard for themselves as they go off to a new environment where there they have to be accountable for themselves.
 You mentioned that you left the church because you never really accepted it in the first place. Would you say that there is no God? Do you think there is no absolute truth to which we are accountable too?
 (i'm not even going to address your comment about casual sex as that is so off topic for this post it will only distract us from a -hopefullyproductive conversation.)
 - If you're asking if I'm an atheist—the answer is yes. However that is not the same as proclaiming "god doesn't exist"—only that without compelling evidence there's no reason to believe one does. I'm not going to get into any futile discussions except to say that while I do believe in objective "truths" they are not decreed by divine authority or accepted as a matter of faith. I prefer the terms– "reality" and "facts" which for me comes by way of observable, testable, demonstrable evidence—always under the rue-brick of skepticism and critical thinking.
 Now everyone has the right to believe as they see fit, Christians and atheists alike. All I was trying to say was that I personally would not take kindly to anyone telling me what to think and believe though peer pressure or the "safeguards" you spoke of. But that is me. If, however a young person welcomes or permits what I perceive as unwanted intrusions during a time of introspection and personal reflection then so be it.
 My own experiences however did not reflect this. My departure from "the faith" showed me that it was their faith, not mine. To the Christian community I was seen as straying, lost, degenerate and was met with a litany of discordant emotions and confrontational tactics. This only solidified my atheist position which I finally came to realize I always held.
 I stuck to my guns and though social relationships were jeopardized I have never felt more liberated and free. For me the offer of certainty, the offer of complete security, the offer of an impermeable faith that can't give way is an offer of something not worth having. I want to live my life taking the risk all the time like I don't know anything like enough yet.
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With wi-fi movement sensors turning into customary, DIYers have it simpler than ever in relation to set up. If you know the way to make use of a screwdriver, you may set up a movement sensor. Appropriate set up offers you optimum protection for movement detection and helps keep away from false alarms.
For those who choose a security system that requires skilled set up, the installer will know the right way to arrange your sensors. Nonetheless, you might be answerable for establishing your sensors for those who go together with a DIY dwelling safety system.
Prior to installing movement sensors, make certain to learn the set up directions, since they'll seemingly embody placement suggestions. Some DIY methods additionally offer you digital prompts, video tutorials, or have you ever name a consultant to stroll you thru the setup course of.
Remember that movement sensors aren't error-proof, and there are cases wherein there could possibly be false alarms. False alarms are normally brought on by electrical failures, consumer error, poor software engineering, energy surges, lightning, and defective gear. Animals, bugs, and foliage may also set off them underneath the appropriate circumstances.


in the phloem sap reaches the sugar sink, it must be unloaded
What happens once the phloem sap reached the sugar sink?
unloaded by the sucroseH+ transport protein and ATPase to sink cells, now V is lower outside the phloem (in the sink cells) so there is bulk flow of water through osmosis out of the phloem to xylem and sink, once there is increased water in the xylem bulk flow will start there as well and the water will be moved back towards the sugar source via the xylem
How is C stored and then mobilized?
C is stored as polysaccharides in granules in the chlpst of leaves or in plastids of parenchyma cells of storage roots or stems.
enzymes are utilized to either polymerized glucose into starch when sugar is plentiful, or, other enzymes depolymerize starch into glucose and then glucose is loaded into the phloem for transport to whatever the glucose is required.
What happens when C changes in C storage?
whether an organ is a sugar sink or source can change as demand for C changes, the demand may vary from season to season and even day to night in some cases.
How is water of the xylem sap held together?
cohesion: which is simply identical compounds sticking together
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Barbed-Wire Imperialism: Britain's Empire of Camps _PHONE_
Free and open to the Public.
Concentration camps are normally associated with the "evil empires" of the twentieth century. Yet like so many modern phenomena, they were first erected under the auspices of the British Empire. Professor Forth will discuss his new book Barbed-Wire Imperialism: Britain's Empire of Camps, _PHONE_ (University of California Press, 2017), which places the infamous camps of the Anglo-Boer War (_PHONE_) within a larger imperial framework. Workhouses, prisons, and factories along with "criminal tribe" settlements, and above all, enclosures for the millions of Indians displaced by hunger and disease in the late 19th century, offered early prototypes for mass internment. While venues of great human suffering, British camps were artifacts of liberal empire than inspired and legitimized the practices of future regimes.


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Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science
faith, classroom climate, image of God
Looking for ways to make faith connections in your math classroom? The Zonnefelds present a framework, developed in collaboration with local teachers, that synthesizes faith connections, the TfT framework, and Common Core standards.
Zonnefeld, Valorie L. and Zonnefeld, Ryan G., "Faith Connections in the Math Classroom" (2016). Faculty Work Comprehensive List. 577.


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Participating in community service activities and helping others is not just good for the soul; it has a healing effect that helps alcoholics and other addicts become and stay sober, a researcher from Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine reports.
In a review article published in the Volume 29 issue of Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, Maria E. Pagano, PhD, associate professor of psychiatry at the School of Medicine, sheds light on the role of helping in addiction recovery, using the program of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) as a prime example.
Service Works Helps Alcoholics
She cites a growing body of research as supporting evidence. "The research indicates that getting active in service helps alcoholics and other addicts become sober and stay sober, and suggests this approach is applicable to all treatment-seeking individuals with a desire to not drink or use drugs," Dr. Pagano says. "Helping others in the program of AA has forged a therapy based on the kinship of common suffering and has vast potential."
In her research, Dr. Pagano highlights the helper therapy principle (HTP), a concept embodied by AA, as a means of diminishing egocentrism or selfishness, a root cause of addiction. The HTP is based on the theory that, when a person helps another individual with a similar condition, they help themselves. The principle is reflected in the stated purpose of AA, which is to help individuals "stay sober and help other alcoholics achieve sobriety."
Helping other alcoholics is viewed as the foundation for the alcoholic helper to stay on the path to recovery, Dr. Pagano says in her overview of the AA program. In addition to outlining the basis for AA-related helping, Dr. Pagano reviews the data to date that illustrates the health and mental health benefits derived from helping others.
Helping Others Helps You
She likewise examines several empirical studies she conducted previously which show how helping others in 12-step programs of recovery help the recovering individual to stay sober. The research includes a 2004 study by Dr. Pagano and her colleagues. Using data from Project MATCH, one of the largest clinical trials in alcohol research, the investigators determined that 40 percent of the alcoholics who helped other alcoholics during their recovery successfully avoided drinking in the 12 months following three months in chemical dependency treatment, whereas only 22 percent of those that did not help others stayed sober.
A subsequent study by Dr. Pagano and her colleagues in 2009, also involving data from Project MATCH, showed that 94 percent of alcoholics who helped other alcoholics, at any point during the 15-month study, continued to do so as part of their ongoing recovery, and experienced lower levels of depression.
Positive Effects of Helping Others
Similarly, a study of alcoholic patients with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), a condition in which a person is excessively preoccupied with a perceived physical defect, found that those who helped others were more likely to become sober and enjoy an improved self-image than non-helpers.
"These studies indicate that among alcoholics, AA-related helping and giving general help to others has positive effects on drinking outcomes and mental health variables," Dr. Pagano says in the journal. In fact, the benefits of doing good works and helping others also extend to individuals coping with chronic conditions like depression, AIDS, and chronic pain.
Benefits to Society
"When humans help others regardless of a shared condition, they appear to live longer and happier lives," she adds. The benefits of helping are significant because the costs of alcoholism and drug addiction to society are so great, Dr. Pagano says.
In light of recent health care reform, resources which can reduce these costs and suffering are crucial. However, the lack of consensus on what peer helping is in addiction recovery requires additional study to clarify what specific behaviors to encourage, to whom and what forms of service to recommend for individuals engaging in early and ongoing recovery.
Dr. Pagano is presently conducting a longitudinal study examining the role of service in adolescent addiction recovery. An area of new scientific discovery, she's applying the knowledge she's accrued with adults to adolescent populations with addition.


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Subject Matter Experts (SME's) do not always make the greatest facilitators, at least at first. Often they make the mistake of assuming the learners know what they are talking about, or they might have little confidence and knowhow when it comes to public speaking let alone facilitating! Today I attended a training course where I watched people who were not career facilitators, trainers or L&D folk give some pretty nifty presentations on the fly.
We were tasked to facilitate a short presentation on a random topic and were given with very limited time to prepare. I watched people with varying degrees of confidence present topic and connect with us as participants in different ways. Everyone has their own unique style of facilitating and great facilitators vary their style depending on the situation; however this activity allowed us to see what 'felt natural' to each person. I can summarise what I saw into the following:
- The energy champion – they work the room, use the space, hand gestures are plenty and they are animated in their delivery.
- The structured consultant – they are very logical, have a clear sequence and don't like to divert from the plan.
- The group therapist – great at reflecting back what participants are saying, reading between the lines and capturing the message.
- The presenter – delivers the content but finds it difficult to know how to engage the participants.
So obviously my observations aren't based on science, but it does raise the question about how we get our SME's ready to facilitate. I see this as a five step process.
- Understanding your style
- Understanding other styles
- Capitalising on your strengths
- Learning how to shake it up
- Mastering participant connection
The activity we did today was so valuable to my learning. I fall into the first category – it's my natural style to be animated when it comes to delivering training to a group. But today helped me to really evaluate other styles in a really short space of time. Even though I am across personality and behavioural styles, sessions like this give quick feedback and proactive reminder about style and the ability to flex in and out and think on your feet.
So next time you are preparing your SME for success have a think about the ways you can help them master their personal style, maintain authenticity and connect with the participants all at the same time.


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Inference Based on Many Conditional Moment Inequalities
CFDP Revision Date
In this paper, we construct conﬁdence sets for models deﬁned by many conditional moment inequalities/equalities. The conditional moment restrictions in the models can be ﬁnite, countably in ﬁnite, or uncountably in ﬁnite. To deal with the complication brought about by the vast number of moment restrictions, we exploit the manageability (Pollard (1990)) of the class of moment functions. We verify the manageability condition in ﬁve examples from the recent partial identiﬁcation literature. The proposed conﬁdence sets are shown to have correct asymptotic size in a uniform sense and to exclude parameter values outside the identiﬁed set with probability approaching one. Monte Carlo experiments for a conditional stochastic dominance example and a random-coeﬀicients binary-outcome example support the theoretical results.
Andrews, Donald W.K. and Shi, Xiaoxia, "Inference Based on Many Conditional Moment Inequalities" (2015). Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers. 2447.


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B1483. (GIUDITTA PASTA) ALESSANDRO SEVESO. Giuditta Pasta a Como. Como, 1928. 31pp. Illus. (Italian text) Softbound.
"Giuditta Angiola Maria Costanza Pasta (née Negri; 26 October, 1797 – 1 April, 1865), born in Saronno, Italy, was a soprano considered among the greatest of opera singers, to whom the 20th-century soprano Maria Callas was compared.
Pasta's first appearance in London in 1817 was a failure. Further studies with Scappa were followed by a successful début in Venice in 1819. She caused a sensation in Paris in 1821–22, where the immense range of her voice and her dramatic gifts were matched by poignancy of expression. She sang regularly in London, Paris, Milan and Naples between 1824 and 1837. She created Donizetti's ANNA BOLENA in Milan (Teatro Carcano) in 1830 and Amina in Bellini's LA SONNAMBULA and NORMA (both in Milan in 1831).
Pasta also taught singing in Italy. Among her notable pupils were contralto Emma Albertazzi and soprano Marianna Barbieri-Nini and the English soprano Adelaide Kemble who records this in her memoirs. She also records how when after her career was really over Pasta unwisely came to London for a charity concert. Kemble asked fellow-singer Pauline Viardot what she thought of her voice now and got the reply 'It is a ruin, but then so is Leonardo's Last Supper'."
- Zillah Dorset Akron


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Oral Health Topics
Drug Use
Talking With Your Patients
Asking patients about their drug and alcohol use is something that dentists often struggle with. Some feel uncomfortable about prying into what they perceive as a patient's 'personal business' when they may not see a direct connection to whatever dental treatment will be provided on a given day. Sometimes dentists don't want to ask about illegal drug use because they are unsure how to respond to an affirmative answer. And other times dentists don't ask because it doesn't occur to them that their patients would be using 'those' drugs.
The epidemic of methamphetamine (sometimes called speed, ice, etc.) abuse, with that drug's devastating damage to teeth and oral tissues, is rapidly making it urgent that dentists not only know what to look for and how to treat it, but how to talk about it—and how to direct patients to get help for their drug problem.
Who are these people who are using meth?
 - Adolescents and college kids, looking for that powerful high and a good time
 - High-achieving high school and college students wanting to cram more hours into the day
 - Women who love the way meth takes away their appetite
 - Moms looking for a way to "do it all" really fast
 - Long-haul truck drivers needing to stay awake
 - Professionals under pressure to do more and more (e.g., lawyers, CPAs in tax season, medical residents on night call)
 - Gay men looking to kick up the sexual thrill to a new high
 - The bored, lonely, angry, depressed--looking for a way to feel better
Patients expect their dentists to be savvy about causes of tooth damage. They expect their dentists to say something. And they think that, if their dentist doesn't say anything, that everything's all right.
One comfortable, 'backdoor' way to ask about drug use, and to educate yourself in the process, is to remark to every patient that you're becoming aware of meth use in your community. What have they heard? What's happening at the high school or on campus? What are they hearing at the gym? Do they have acquaintances who've started using? Have they tried it themselves?
If you're in an area where methamphetamine use is widespread, it doesn't hurt to admonish every patient to avoid its use.
In fact, there is research that supports the efficacy of brief interventions by professionals who are aware of a patient's risk. These interventions are sometimes as simple as admonitions not to start or continue to use a substance, or to decrease the amount and frequency of use. We know that patients have high opinions of recommendations that come from their dentists, and that this may be an opportunity to do a great deal of good.
Point out the first signs of damage to the teeth. Because of the rapid progression of meth addiction, you might not get another chance to do early prevention. Show the patient what's wrong, explain why you're concerned. Express concern and not judgment—the difference looks like this:
"You've got such a bright future ahead of you, I'd hate to see you jeopardize it with drug use." And
"What on earth is a bright kid like you doing putting junk like this into your body!"
One dentist has found she gets the best responses from patients when, after clinical and radiograph findings, asks "How did your teeth get to be this way?"
Remember, meth almost literally hijacks the brain. It happens fast, like slipping on the ice. (Maybe it's no accident that one of meth's street names is ice.) It's very addictive, and addiction is a disease of the brain—not a moral failing.
Find out what patient behaviors beside the drug use itself are contributing to tooth damage. Is it consumption of large quantities of sugar-sweetened beverages? Is it constant sucking on hard candies? What about failure to brush the teeth?
And, what is the patient willing to do? Could they stop using? Would they accept a referral to a treatment program? Would they commit to some harm-reduction strategies, like alternating sodas with ice water (hopefully fluoridated!), brushing their teeth twice a day, wearing a mouthguard?
How can you refer a patient to a treatment program? The same way you'd refer them to a specialist!
"I'm concerned you could be getting in over your head with your drug use. Here's the name of a person at a treatment center. I'd suggest you go talk with them and see if they can help you." It helps if you have a name, and if you know a little about what the patient could expect. For example, "Someone there should be able to see you in the next 24 hours. There's no charge for the first visit. They'll help you find a place you can afford, or that will accept your insurance."
How can you find out about the treatment resources in your community? One of the fastest and easiest ways to do this is to ask your local emergency room staff. They keep current information on local public and private treatment programs and professionals. Your state dental society well-being committee members will be familiar with such resources as well. Each state government should have a division for addiction services in the state, and that information is available on websites. In addition, information can be found at _URL_.
Additional Resources
For more information about methamphetamine or other drugs of abuse, see:


text:
In the late 1990s, we were hired by a client to lead a data quality initiative on a large project that involved migrating data from legacy systems to open architecture. In developing the program for our client, we immersed ourselves in a tremendous amount of literature from respected authors on principles of data quality. What we discovered is that a great deal of the data quality work we reviewed was focused on principles and theory but lacking in the area of implementation.
As a result, we struggled with exactly how to design and implement a practical data quality program for our client. What our client required was a straightforward methodology for implementing, practicing and promoting data quality. Our task was to develop a methodology that was repeatable with well-defined objectives and deliverables. The result was the data quality cycle 1.0.
Over the course of the last 10 years, we have since refined the DQC, which is now in its second release (DQC 2.0). In this article, we will describe the end-to-end data quality process that we have developed, which can be implemented in virtually any environment. Hopefully you will gain valuable insight into developing an intelligent, standardized data quality strategy that you can implement at your company with tremendous success.
Figure 1: The Data Quality Cycle
Figure 1 represents the basic DQC. In later sections, we will examine individual processes and decision points within the cycle. However, at its most granular level, the DQC 2.0 consists of four main phases: discovery, definition, remediation and prevention. As with any quality effort, quality improvement is a continuous effort. For this reason, phases within DQC 2.0 are iterative and represent a cycle rather than an endpoint.
The DQC begins with the discovery phase, which is illustrated in Figure 2.
Figure 2: Discovery Phase
The first step in the discovery phase is to identify a candidate data quality problem. If there are several pain points, this step may require prioritization. Not all data quality errors are equally important. The business should decide which problems have a direct impact on the strategic or tactical goals of the organization. If, for example, customer satisfaction is an important business driver, then quality customer data is an obvious prerequisite. In this case, customer data quality problems may be ranked high on the list as opposed to data quality problems with secondary business drivers.
The second step in this phase is to estimate the cost of the problem. The third step requires estimating the solution to the problem. Estimating the cost of a data quality problem and the remediation are extremely important steps; however, they are frequently neglected.
The reason it is imperative to estimate both the cost of the problem and the remediation is that there must be ample justification for every data quality initiative. While this is only an estimate, it will provide cost justification for proceeding to a thorough assessment and deploying a remediation strategy. This will help "sell" the data quality initiative to senior and executive management and engender the necessary support.
Once you have estimated the cost of both the problem and remediation, the next step is to establish the objectives of the data quality initiative. There must be clear and concise objectives that can be validated to ensure the strategy is effective.
Following the discovery phase is the definition phase. The process flow for this phase is illustrated in Figure 3.
Figure 3: Definition Phase
The definition phase is where the heavy lifting begins. The first step is to define the measurement criteria. Regardless of whether you are verifying product quality or data quality, measurement is essential. This step should answer the fundamental question: what are we going to measure? This will include measurements of data type conformance, syntax, completeness, precision, validity, accessibility, timeliness, etc.
With the measurement criteria firmly established, it is time to develop your assessment plan. This will not only include what will be measured, but also where and how the measurements will be applied. You may be required to assess the data in the many systems that contain the data to get an accurate picture of its quality. Depending on the system and business processes that impact the data, you can define how the metrics and measurements will be applied.
After the plan and measurement criteria are defined, it is time to assemble the team. This should include highly skilled workers that are well-versed in quality measurement techniques and methods. Team members will also include business knowledge experts familiar with both processes and data. The team must be given the charter to assess defects that is mandated by senior management in order to alleviate push-back from data producers and consumers who may feel as though their data is being scrutinized.
The next step is to measure the defects and to determine the true cost of the defects that are discovered. It may be that, once the analysis is complete, the actual costs differ significantly from the estimated costs arrived at in the discovery phase. What may have been considered a high cost (and therefore, probably high priority) data quality objective is not as costly as believed - or estimated low-cost data quality issues may turn out to be significant.
At this point, you will compare the actual versus the estimated costs. The result of this comparison and the ability to tie these costs back to your primary data quality objectives allow you to manage your data quality remediation efforts and maximize the limited amount of resources you have to get your biggest benefit.
It is important to once again answer the fundamental question, is the cost of the problem worth pursuing? If the costs are justified, then proceed to the remediation phase. However, if the costs are less then expected and not worth correcting, return to the previous phase in order to identify other data quality problems that are truly worth pursuing.
Figure 4 illustrates the foundational processes within the remediation phase:
Figure 4: Remediation Phase
In the remediation phase, the decision has already been made to correct the data quality problem. The costs of producing bad data have been evaluated and determined to be unsatisfactory. Two branches of activity occur in this phase: pure remediation (cleansing/scrubbing/cleaning) activities, and establishment of the groundwork for the upcoming prevention phase.
In the pure remediation portion of this phase, the first step is to determine the extent of the problem, which will inform the clean-up strategy that you develop. There is a caveat, however; not all problems can be corrected - or should be.
Depending on the nature of the data with quality issues, you may be prevented from changing any of it - even if the data is obviously incorrect. For example, much of the company's finance data cannot be altered once it is recorded in the ledger. Also be wary of correcting data that is downstream from the source - if you correct bad data in your data warehouse today, what is going to stop it from reappearing tomorrow? Make sure you follow the information flow from producer to final consumer, and correct the bad data everywhere it occurs, starting with the source.
On the prevention-preparation side of this stage, the work may be daunting. This is where having a workable plan is a must! First, identify the complete information lifecycle. It is important to identify both the producers of the information as well as the customers (downstream consumers of the data that is produced).
In order to correct a data production problem, you will need to obtain or create business process models and information models of the data that is being captured and processed. These models are independent of the actual systems processes and data models that define the mechanics of the system. Rather, these models are technology independent and serve to point out where processes are not functioning correctly or are inconsistent between departments, systems or divisions. Information models ensure that these same subdivisions have a consistent understanding of the data that is being collected and shared.
By doing this analysis, you can then determine who in your company is creating, updating and deleting data through the use of a create, read, update and delete (CRUD) matrix. The planned remediation of each major information component should be mapped against the business processes, departments and divisions that are accessing it in any way. As you work through this process, it should become clear if the inconsistency in data is being caused by duplication in function or the responsibility for critical business information is splintered between different parts of the organization.
Once the systematic and organizational root causes for the data quality problems have been identified, you can move on to preventing them from occurring, which is described in the next phase.
The fourth phase of the DQC is the prevention phase, which is illustrated in Figure 5.
Figure 5: Prevention Phase
The prevention phase is the thrust of the DQC. Although prevention is essential to ensuring quality data, it is often overlooked. Far too often, data quality efforts stop at remediation, which fails to fix the cause of the bad data and is therefore of limited value. The real value of the DQC comes when errors are prevented from occurring.
Preventative measures require strong data governance. If a data governance program does not exist, then one must be defined and implemented. Data governance requires support from executive management and clearly defined roles and responsibilities for the organization. By defining the roles, responsibilities and other governance and administrative structures that guide data creation, storage, usage and retention, a set of consistent, cohesive data policies can be created. These policies are core to your prevention strategy because they define the broad strategies that should be followed with data to accomplish the stated goals.
With a governance model in place, clearly defined roles and responsibilities, and policies, it is time to define the prevention strategy. Inputs into this task are the business and information models and root-cause assessment. Once a prevention strategy has been worked out that makes use of the policies, you must once again determine the cost of implementing the strategy in order to prevent data quality issues. Can the proposed measures be cost justified? What is the impact to the organization, and


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Mom's depressions alters baby's language learning skills
SRI treatment seems to accelerate a baby's attention to their own language, while unmedicated depression seems to delay that attention.
Tue, Oct 09 2012 at 9:40 AM
Photo: Getty Images
A mother's depression can extend the sensitive period in which babies learn their native tongue, while treatment with serotonin reuptake inhibitors (antidepressants) for moms or moms-to-be seems to accelerate the process, new research finds.
However, scientists aren't yet sure how either result influences babies' ultimate language development.
"The findings highlight the importance of environmental factors on infant development and put us in a better position to support not only optimal language development in children but also maternal well-being," study researcher Janet Werker, a psychologist at the University of British Columbia, said in a statement. Werker and her colleagues encouraged moms and moms-to-be with depression to seek treatment.
"It is really important that pregnant women discuss all treatment options with their physicians or midwives," study researcher Tim Oberlander, a professor of developmental pediatrics at the University of British Columbia, said in a statement.
Babies acquire language (and other life skills) in a series of sensitive periods. Infants are born able to discriminate sounds from any language, but already preferentially process the noises of their native tongue, the result of hearing it while in utero. By about 10 months, however, the ability to discern sounds not present in the child's native tongue begins to vanish. This sensitive period helps explain why people raised bilingual from an early age can sound like a native speaker in both languages, while people who learn a foreign language later will always struggle to lose their accents. [9 Incredibly Brainy Baby Abilities]
Certain medications can influence brain development and plasticity, the ability of the brain to adapt and rewire. According to Werker and her colleagues, between 15 percent and 20 percent of women experience depression during pregnancy, and as many as 13 percent of pregnant women are treated for depression with SRIs, or serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs), a mood-stabilizing medication.
To find out if depression or its treatment influence language development, the researchers tested babies on their ability to tell languages apart. They recruited 85 6-month-old babies, 21 of whom had moms with depression and 32 of whom had moms with depression who had been treated during pregnancy with SRIs.
At 6 months and 10 months, the babies heard recordings of the English syllable "da" and the Hindi syllable "da." To a native English speaker, these sounds are virtually indistinguishable, but they are subtly different: Hindi speakers make their "da" sound by touching the tongue to their top teeth, while English speakers make their "da" by touching the tongue to the roof of the mouth behind the teeth.
In a second experiment, the same babies watched silent videos of people speaking either English or French. Normally, babies can tell the languages apart by mouth movements only until about 8 months of age.
In both cases, researchers determined if babies could tell the difference between the languages by playing one and then switching to the other. They then measured if the babies looked longer at the new sound or not. If they did, the researchers knew they could tell the difference. If they didn't, it was because the new stimulus seemed the same as the old, and thus didn't attract the babies' attention. [Photos: How Babies Learn]
Depression and development
The results revealed that kids of healthy, non-medication-taking moms could generally tell the languages apart at 6 months of age, but lost the ability at 10 months of age, as expected. But babies of moms with depression responded differently. When moms had received SRI treatment, the babies displayed unusual maturity in their discrimination patterns: They failed to discriminate between different languages at 6 months old.
A second experiment that involved playing vowels and consonants for fetuses of 36 weeks gestation found that the early maturation began even then. In fetuses of moms taking SRIs, recognition of native consonants was advanced. (Researchers measured recognition by tracking each fetus's heart rate.)
Likewise, babies of depressed moms showed changes from the norm. These babies seemed to have a longer-than-usual sensitive period of language development. They could still differentiate between different languages at 10 months of age.
In other words, SRI treatment seems to accelerate a baby's attention to their own language, while unmedicated depression seems to delay that attention. Researchers don't yet know whether this effect has any real-world consequences for how babies learn to speak.
"These findings once again remind us that poor mental health during pregnancy is a major public health issue for mothers and their infants," Oberlander said. "Non-treatment is never an option. While some infants might be at risk, others may benefit from mother's treatment with an antidepressant during their pregnancy. At this stage we are just not sure why some but not all infants are affected in the same way."
Depression in pregnancy has also been linked to childhood asthma and aggression, highlighting the need for treatment.
The researchers plan further studies with other types of antidepressants. They report their results on Oct. 8 in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
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[geocentrism] Re: Moving Earth Deception
 9. If the firing was done on a trajectory that was at right angles to
the forward motion of the earth around the sun, then again considering the
absolute stationary property of our light beam, during the time of our 1
second journey, both the moon and earth travelling at 30km/sec. will have
moved forward 30km. from the firing line. (no pun) by the time it marks the
 [Robert Bennett] This is the key to understanding the import of the NASA
LLR results.
 It's impossible for Earth and Moon to exchange light beams using a single
reflector that always returns the echo in the same direction as
received...... if they are moving parallel to each other.
 If the Earth is motionless, it is not only possible, but actual, as shown
by NASA and stated in my original post and in GWW.
 It is possible to receive the echo with intelligent aiming from Earth
(leading the target) and from the Moon (aberration correction). But the
Moon reflector was not programmed.
 Well there you go.. If you had explainde it in simple terms we would have
known what you meant..
[Robert Bennett] I did explain it a year ago.... in GWW.
Other related posts: