How to measure and take DOSE in a real crisis PART2
Original text from Blog of Koichi Oyama in Minamisoma City 16.06.2012 _URL_
Trick of "Air-dose"
Don't be taken in by the trick of Gamma ray measured at 1 meter above the ground.
"High does" "Low dose" - so what?
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology publishes the effects of gamma ray radiation to human health, which is measured at 1 meter above the ground, for each intensity of radiation (indicated in SV).
When we measures air dose with geiger counter, the factor that we pays the most attention to is the intensity.
ICRP, Japanese scientists, governments or doctors ignore the complexity of human bodies, and pretend as if we were all hollow plastic dolls.
Brain neurons, which are most important to human, do not regenerate, unlike the other organs or muscles.
Some people construe Sievert (SV) as a influence rate to human bodies for how many (radiation) needles stick in. But is it really true?
Meanwhile, Becquerel (Bq) indicates the number of radiation needle released per second. It can be taken at face value.
Radiation needles range from the ones intense enough to penetrate a body, Beta rays that remain at skin surface and Alpha rays that fall short (of?).
Though Beta rays usually don't penetrate a body, still some of them can go through flesh or metal boards, when it has a long flying distance.
Therefore, we can not make a simple translation between SV and Bq.
Tohoku Electricity has a funny article on their site. It compares radiation to coins, which seems to me that they just try to say that low-radiation isn't dangerous.
High radiation from a distance has high Bq reading and small SV reading.
Or with a shielding material, such as a lead plate, a high Bq substance gets small SV measure.
From my experiences, when a value is 0.1 million Bq/second, the surface does is about 1 micro-SV.
My bedroom in Minamisoma measures about 1 micro-SV, which sounds less terrifying than 0.1 million Bq.
Why does it sound so different?
1 micro-SV sounds OK, but 0.1 million Bq doesn't sound fine.
So let us think about the basic meaning of Sievert.
Sievert is a unit for rating the effect of radiation to human health.
We can evaluate a SV value by calculating Grey-Value, amount of energy received from radioactivity, (In this step, human bodies or organs are considered as non-organic materials), and then applying evaluation of type of radioactivity and of exposed region in a body, to the formula below:
 Effective Does (SV) = Grey x Radiation Weighting Factor x Tissue Weighting Factor
Grey Value = Amount of energy that material per unit mass receives from radioactivity
So energy damages human body? No kidding.
Now you can see that SV is a mere indication created for convenience sake.
For example, it is just like, when you get a cut, converting its danger to an amount of energy. See how strange it is.
Even when it's healed, a mark and pains remain.
If you repeat cutting same part 5 to 10 times, maybe you will get more serious damage such as a infection disease etc. Moreover, you may not recover any more at the end, though it depends on each individual. At least, I think so.
Basically, when we use SV, it is assumed that a human body can keep "reconstructing" itself even when a certain part of a body is cut repeatedly, in the case of low radiation does.
Also, lets' compare the following cases:
One radiation needle kills one cell : 1,000 needles stick in one cell at once, which causes a death : 1 needle per day for 1,000 days, which causes a cancer.
It is not about cell, but a life or death problem.
They use SV as a psychological trick to make the dose look lower. Thus dangers are not recognized.
In the age of long-term low radiation exposure, when damage to human health and cell destruction keep occurring, such numerical value (as SV) is merely physical but not useful in a medical sense.
Human are not hunk of flesh, and exposure to radiation result in disfunction of nervous system, which are not taken into consideration in the system of SV.
Another example. Please make your decision based on intuition.
A parked car was shot by a machine gun. No flat tire, and metal/mixed metal parts were intact, though the automobile was shot though.
Since it was a classy car of an old fashion, both fuel tank and radiator were well protected.
However, the engine doesn't start.
It's just like a human whose nerve is cut.
○Radiation Weighting Factor - A crude distinction as 1 for both Gamma and Beta ray, and 20 for Alpha ray.
○Tissue Weighting Factor - 0.12 for lung, stomach and bone marrow, 0.05 for throat, thyroid, liver and breast, 0.01 for skin surface and bone surface, 0.2 for genital and 0.05 for the rest of organs
Brain or heart muscle, which are so important, has equal TWF to throat, which is lower than stomach.
ICRP and the other nuclear promoters have created a layer of self-defense.
They use complex mathematics to make the damages look smaller. I guess that the scientists all know about it.
The tool we can rely on is our intuition.
{CONCLUSION} The formula, which regards living beings as non-organic materials, does ignore the nervous system and the brain functions that controls the entire body.
The less damage to brain cell and nerve cell, the better.
I say no to getting exposed over 1 mSV per year.
City Mayer, do not compare the dose of Minamisoma to the other places, and say it is lower or better.
There are many spots that release higher dose, so stop picking one low-radiaion spot to convince us that we can still live here.
We can measure only Cesium by 1 million Bq meter.
If we include all the other nuclides such as Alpha ray or Beta ray, the reading may be different.
Dose of radiation decrease inversely with the square of the distance.
Therefore, it is not accurate to evaluate a damage value to the legs, knees, genital, organ function, lung, heart, thyroid or brain, from the dose measured at 1 meter above the ground.
What if we walk directly on a million Bq/second gamma ray..?
There are some houses that have higher radiation dose at a roof than at a floor.
Moreover, If you live in a Japanese-style house, you sit directly on a floor, which is very different from an occidental-style house.
Those patches that children in Fukushima are wearing are not positioned at their brains or genitals.
Getting a value by covering their whole bodies with geiger counters that indicates Grey value? It takes too long to detect a danger.
Therefore, we need to know from where a radiation is released, in which way our body is being exposed to it, and that 50-year or 70-year effective dose is just a mathematic game which we can't refer to.
An average person of 60 kg has 7000 Bq of radioactive potassium in the body.
Human have 8 trillion of cells, and they keep regenerating, however, will we die when we shoot our own cerebral nerves with a machine gun, just like playing Russian roulette?
Regeneration and probability...
After all, the most important factors when you decide to evacuate yourselves are the time, distance and radioprotection.
It's better for you to leave Fukushima.
We all have the right to move to another place, but we are getting no compensation.
If there is any member of parliament reading this, I would like to ask him/her: "Do you want to reduce your life expectancy?"
Courtesy : Koichi Oyama
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December 30, 2007
Information Searches That Solve Problems
Chapter 6: Successful Encounters and Best Sources
Overall, Americans overwhelmingly report that they were successful at finding the information or assistance they needed to deal with a particular problem. Three in five, 60%, report they were very successful and 29% report they were somewhat successful.
Self-reporting on success varied according to income and degree of internet access. Higher income means higher reporting of success: Among those with household incomes over $40,000 a year, 93% reported they were very successful in their search, including 64% who were very successful. In the lower income group, 84% report being successful in their search, with 52% reporting very successful.
Similarly, greater internet access means higher reporting of success: Among those with high internet access, 93% say they were successful, including 63% who report being very successful in their search. In the low-access group 82% report success, including 54% who are very successful.
The inter-related factors of income, internet access and education are related to greater success in dealing with these personal problems. Contrary to what one might expect, success is not necessarily related to using more sources of help. While the data is far from definitive, it appears that greater efficiency at identifying and getting assistance from various sources is what leads those with higher incomes and greater internet access to greater success.
Contacting the government, going to a public library and using the internet are the three sources most related to being successful in addressing matters or problems. In each case, about two-thirds of people reported that they were successful in their efforts: 65% for contacting a government agency or office, 64% using the library and 63% using the internet.
Successful Problem-solving by Source
Regardless of the nature of the problem they were addressing or problem they were solving, respondents reported being similarly successful in finding information or solutions. Nearly two-thirds of those dealing with an education matter, 65%, say they were very successful, while 57% of those dealing with a health problem report success.
Successful Problem-solving by Type of Problem
Which sources of information provide the most help?
People gave higher marks to the internet than to any other source of information that was consulted. More than half of those who used the internet, 55%, say they obtained a lot of the information that needed online. And 35% say they found some of the information or help they needed.
Nearly half of respondents, 49%, said they found a lot of the information they needed from government offices and agencies, 28% say they found some of what they needed.
How Much Information by Source
Just over a third, 36%, of those who went to the libraries say they found a lot of what they were looking for. A total of 42% say they found some of what they sought.
There are few differences among demographic groups. For those who used the internet and those who went to public libraries, there are very few differences by age, income, education, and levels of internet access in terms of how much information they found.


text:
scourged?18 — This [refers to removal] by a razor whereas the other of [Rab refers to removal] by a scissors. But Rab also mentions a razor? — [He means closely] as though with a razor.
R. Hiyya b. Abba, citing R. Johanan said: One who removes [the hair of] the armpits or of the private parts is to be scourged. An objection was raised. [It has been taught:] Removal of hair is not [forbidden] by the Torah, but only by the Soferim?19 — What he too meant by scourging is [scourging inflicted] by the Rabbis.20
Original footnotes renumbered.
- For your question assumes that there is no difference between this case and others.
- It refers to priests but not to ordinary Israelites. A prohibition which applies to all equally must be considered of greater force and, therefore, if accompanied by a positive command, it cannot be overruled.
- But anyone can become a nazirite and so the nazirite prohibition is of greater force, and a rule which applies to priests cannot be taken as applying to nazirites.
- For the priest leper can be inferred from the nazirite leper.
- Our text repeats here the Baraitha about a priest leper quoted before: Why does Scripture mention 'his beard'? Because it says, neither shall they share off the corners of their beard, it might be thought that the same is true of a priest who is a leper, and so Scripture says 'his beard'. And how do we know that this must be done with a razor? It has been taught: This passage appears to have been omitted by all the commentators and so we omit it with the Bail.
- Lev. XXI, 5.
- Lev. XIX, 27 of an ordinary Israelite. Scissors do not mar.
- V. Glos.
- And the phrase, 'his beard' teaches us that the leper too must shave with a razor; cf. supra 40b.
- By inference from the verse, 'ye shall not round the corners of your head' as in the first Baraitha supra.
- From the nazirite as in the second Baraitha.
- I.e., seeing that the method of inference is the same in both cases, we should have inferred both.
- What need is there of 'his beard'? The priest-leper can be inferred from the naziriteleper.
- By applying to a sage. And since the prohibition is not a permanent one, it might be thought that only here can a positive command override a prohibition accompanied by a positive command but not in the case of a priest-Ieper.
- But only to priests, whereas anyone can become a nazirite. Hence if the fact that a priest-Ieper may shave were taught, it would not be possible to infer in the case of a nazirite-leper that the prohibition and positive command to let his hair grow are overruled by the positive command for a leper to shave.
- Lit., 'we cannot infer other cases from them'. I.e., that in all cases a positive command overrides a prohibition accompanied by a positive command.
- Viz.: That the case of the nazirite and the priest are special instances and cannot be generalised.
- For infringing the prohibition against a man appearing as a woman; v. infra.
- Lit. 'by the Scribes' (v. Sanh., Sonc. ed., p. 360, n. 7). Why then does R. Johanan say that the penalty is scourging.
- I.e. not the statutory 39 stripes, but a scourging prescribed at the discretion of the Rabbis for transgressing a non-Biblical law.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
- The act of taking a disc that is intended for another player. Most often this happens in a mob-op during a pass. As the disc travels across a jam to it's intended target another player steps in front and makes a play on the disc. Often the intended target player will not have time to react and will make the form of a catch, though the disc is no longer coming. Also, the person poaching will often cause a drop or break in flow because they had to move out of position to get the disc. Basic lane awareness can help reduce poaching. Note that if a player attempts a hoop but accidentally touches the disc, causing a drop, this is not considered poaching. Rather, a failed hoop or leg over is called Defense, or "nice D".
Example: Hey, you poached my lane. I had a gitis lined up.
- To accidentally bend a flying disc in half, creating the shape of a taco shell. This usually happens during a drop. The player attempts a leaping under the leg catch but misses. As the disc hits the ground the player's extended leg comes down on top of the disc and forcefully bends it in half. To taco a disc is especially disheartening because the disc will probably have a wobble from then on.
Example: Oh no, you just tacoed our competition disc!
Photo by Kristýna Landová
- A drop is anytime the disc unintentionally lands on the ground. That definition seems obvious but the drop has a deeper importance. Freestyle Frisbee is all about mastery of the flying disc. Players try to push themselves and the disc to the limits of what is physically possible, always looking for a new trick. There is a certain high that comes from seemingly defying gravity and doing the impossible through one's own will. A drop is a cruel reminder that the control we all seek might just be an illusion.
Example: That drop was caused by a sudden gust of gravity.
- A group of Freestyle Frisbee players playing together in a spontaneous manner. Players typically stand close together, usually in a circle or a line though there are no specific rules on this. Basically, they are playing an advanced game of catch, using the depth of their skill to string combinations of tricks together. Often times a single throw is passed between many players before it is caught. The term comes from Jazz where a group of musicians are playing music spontaneously. This is not the same as practice where players have an intended goal in mind. For example, a team may be preparing for a competition, going through choreography or repetitive routine rehearsal.
Ex. What time is the jam today?
- A term that describes the level of restriction for a given Frisbee trick. The disc must travel "through the window" for the trick to be completed. For example, an under the leg catch requires the disc to pass completely under the leg before it is caught. This is a relatively large window since; the leg does not restrict hand movement, hand movement does not restrict leg movement, there is ample space between the leg and the ground, and body timing is fairly simple. A flamingitosis, on the other hand, has a very small window since; body position restricts hand movement and timing must be precise for the disc to fall into the hand.
- Alternate term for a Hoop.
- A specific type of hooped pass where the hoop is created by assuming a bad attitude position.
Example: How did she get the disc through that tiny window?
Sam's third reglue attempt. It took 5 attempts before this nail stayed on.
Nail Hell (adjective)
Nail Hell describes the feeling when one's freestyle frisbee nails repeatedly pop off during the jam. There is disagreement in the community as to whether it takes two or three losses of the nail for one to officially be in Nail Hell. Either way, Nail Hell is especially miserable because the desire to jam is always strongest when others are jamming in plain view. Yet, if the nails will not stay on, one must sit down and reglue.
Example: I always end up in Nail Hell when the weather is cold like this.
See also: Boosh, Condo
Third World (adjective)
A description of the spin direction of a flying disc. Third World is the third spin, or end over end. Any spin that is not clock or counter may be considered third world.
Example: I am working on a Third World Scarecrow.
See also: Counter, Clock.
A description of the spin direction of a flying disc. Short for clockwise. When describing spin direction, it is customary to use a top down perspective of the disc. A disc that appears to be spinning clock from the top will appear to be spinning counter from the bottom, hence the top down perspective is used no matter the vantage point. When a disc is upside down, the top down perspective is still used. Thus when a disc is turned over, its spin direction reverses. For a disc that is tilted, use the side that is the most upward. For a disc that is perfectly perpendicular to the ground, use the top side of the disc.
Example: Throw me some clock.
See also: Counter, Third World.


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Who We Are
Fighting Back Against The Churn
We Help Transform Lives and Restore Community
Right now, 20 million people are stuck in The Churn in the United States—including millions of stressed parents and children without a stable place to grow.
Since we opened our doors in 1999, we have seen how homelessness and poverty trap people in a cycle of hardship, temporary relief, and dependency. This cycle is what we call The Churn—it's a costly and futile cycle that captures the most vulnerable and keeps them and their loved ones trapped.
Our goal is to teach people to fight The Churn, and help them overcome to live happy, independent lives.
Our Approach
Common methods for addressing poverty are usually temporary and one-size-fits-all. They do more harm than good by not providing people a solid foundation to defeat The Churn. People experiencing homelessness, poverty, chronic unemployment and dependency are all different. They need unique, tailored solutions so they can overcome their challenges and transform their life.
That's where Solutions for Change comes in. We offer real solutions to anyone seeking to Overcome. Our programs don't put Band-Aids over the symptoms of poverty. We get to the root causes of each individual's struggles and solve them.
Through Solutions Academy, Solutions Enterprise and Solutions in the Community, we educate, equip and inspire students to take their lives back, provide employment training and career pathways to sustain themselves and their families, and empower our community to support and celebrate the Overcomers.
Why We Fight to Solve
We fight to stop The Churn and restore community.
Many public assistance programs offer inadequate responses for family homelessness. Shelters, motel vouchers and even government subsidized housing provide a Band-Aid, but not a permanent solution–because they do not address or resolve the root causes of homelessness and poverty.
We create solutions for the future generations.
There are about a half a million children caught in The Churn here in the United States, and unless we commit to solving it, these children face a greater likelihood of falling into the pattern of generational poverty and homelessness in the future.
How Our Model Creates Permanent Solutions and Lifts Families Out of The Churn


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But Wait, There's More!
April 28, 2010
Like many other policy wonks, I like few things better than a powerful metaphor that describes the state of thinking on an important issue or question. One of the comments provided in response to Jessica Herrera-Flanagan's post last week presented just such an opportunity. Defining the mission of the Department of Homeland Security — and possibly by extension all of homeland security — in terms of gatekeeping and coordination gave me just such food for thought.
The power of a metaphor is sometimes not what it describes, but what it does not. That was the case for me in this instance.
Having spent most of my career working in or near local government, I have acquired a different, more instrumental view of the role of government as a provider and protector. As such, I usually see the range of options as representing a broad continuum of overlapping alternatives rather than a simple choice between competing conceptions of the good or right. These alternatives almost invariably involve subtle distinctions about the level or nature of the engagement between government and other stakeholders required to achieve a particular set of outcomes.
This framing helps me attend to both the means and the ends, because both matter to constituents and citizens. This is important, because it is often difficult to discern which will matter more in any given circumstance until a particular situation arises.
So what does this continuum look like for homeland security? I equate gatekeeping with command/control interventions where the output (keep undocumented an undesirable immigrants from entering the country) substitutes for the intended outcome (protect individual citizens, the society, its culture, and the economy from the adverse effects of illegal immigration). Coordination equates with little more than avoiding or minimizing conflicts rather than sharing the process of making meaning through the definition and resolution of those conflicts that inevitably arise in any complex, interdependent relationship.
Gatekeeping, as a command/control strategy, does a good job of avoiding the trap of focusing on inputs or input-output relationship while leaving unexplored the larger question of whether or not the output and outcome (secure borders and unfettered liberty) are related much less the same. Coordination all too often falls into the same trap, by assuming too much about the nature of the ends/means dichotomy and the relationships of these parts and the stakeholders to them. Perhaps this explains why our current approach to homeland security, especially as it relates to immigration control, is such a dismal failure?
What then are the alternatives? Before considering alternatives we need to distinguish between means and ends. When we focus on the means, especially when we assume the goals or outcomes are already well-understood and shared by all participants, we may find it both expedient and efficient to focus our energy through command strategies that require little inspiration (especially on the parts of others) and only one-way communication (from us to them).
When the ends are shared, but multiple paths lead to the same destination and there is some risk that participants left to choose their own way will select intersecting paths that create conflicts at key junctions, we may engage strategies that seek to avoid or minimize the potential for such conflicts. Again, these strategies require little inspiration on the part of others. On the others hand, decision-makers and leaders do need sufficient imagination to foresee potential conflicts, especially if you hope to communicate your understanding of the end-game in terms clear enough and compelling enough to gain the parties' consent to take actions that get everyone to their destination without getting in the each other's way.
When means are scarce or ends require you to mobilize the efforts of others (sound familiar), a cooperation strategy often makes sense. Such a strategy involves commitments, which require a more inspired view of what's at stake or what's to be gained by one or all participants. As the number of participants, the complexity of the processes involved, or the scope and scale of the products expected to result from the processes expand, so too does the need for communication among those involved.
Complex problems, especially those that defy straightforward solutions, usually require a more inspired approach, which often if not always, requires participants to share commitments to both the means and the ends. A true collaboration does not require anyone to sacrifice their identity, but it does require them to work together in ways that create shared objectives and meaning, both of which often take the form of sacrifices for the sake of success.
Each of these strategies builds on the other. Even in a large and complex collaboration, some elements of a shared program may depend upon simpler strategies that involve cooperation, coordination or even outright command approaches. What gives these tactics meaning is the shared commitment among participants to defining when, where, how and by whom these approaches are employed.
What does all of this have to do with homeland security? Well in the case of border control for just one issue, the nation remains deeply divided about the nature of the problem. With the possible exception of the people of First Nations, we share an immigrant past. Our economy today depends in no small way on the contributions of immigrants, many of whom arrived here legally and others who did not. Even those here without appropriate documentation or legal status often contribute not only their labor, but their wealth to support the state and its citizen even when they themselves can neither access nor enjoy many of these services such as health care, social security, workers' compensation insurance, and unemployment benefits.
The threats posed by illegal immigrants often arise not from their status or their habits, but the criminalization of their status by the host society. When we make it impossible for immigrants to participate freely much less fully in our society, we leave them little choice but to fend for themselves or find another way. All too often, they find the only way open to them is to associate with elements who have no regard for either their welfare or ours.
Applying a different lens to a homeland security issue like immigration and border control allows us to see the folly of our current approach. Gatekeepers can never fully secure our borders. Even if they could, some legal immigrants would find compelling reasons to remain in the country beyond the limits imposed by their visas. Criminalizing their status makes it more difficult to resolve the issues their continued presence presents to both us and them.
When people are forced to choose between liberty and security, as we have seen time and again since 9/11, they will almost always choose security. What then would happen if we choose to coordinate, cooperate, or even collaborate to resolve the issues related to immigration and border control?
Working with immigrant communities, immigrants' home countries, local employers, labor unions, and government officials at every level to provide legal paths to economic participation and citizenship serves everyone's interests. Such an approach does not involve an open door policy, but neither does it mean closing the gate after the horse bolts.
A collaboration would require careful consideration of the needs that inspire immigration and provide a safe haven for undocumented immigrants once they arrive. Such an understanding requires two-way, if not multi-way, communication that creates a clear understanding of the labor markets and conditions among all participants so they can craft safe, secure pathways for participation that not only meet everyone's needs. Doing so would help temper prospective immigrants' expectations while affording those who play by the rules appropriate opportunities to climb the ladder toward acquiring citizenship or permanent residence.
Such a process would not eliminate the need to set immigration standards, control borders, or deport those who violate the laws. We would still need to apply command/control and coordination strategies, but their place in striking a balance between security and liberty would be better defined and tied to an understanding of the economic incentives that inspire immigration. Moving toward creating such as system would require us to abandon an approach that does little more than make de facto criminals of those who come here to make a contribution that arguably provides mutual benefits to both them and us.
If we want more security when it comes to immigration and border control, we need to acknowledge and accept the inspirational power of liberty, in both an economic and cultural sense. If we take concrete steps to expand access to it among those willing to work with us to build the nation, we will not only expand prosperity but extend the legacy of diversity that immigration has granted us as well. Together these benefits will almost certainly promote more stable, just, and secure borders and border control arrangements in the process.
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Single, childless, female and ageing - the grim future facing some Australian women
ALONE AND VULNERABLE: Single older women without children face unique challenges. Image: Pixabay
Many single women without children are doing it tough in their senior years, according to new Australian research.
Whereas much past research has focused on the'motherhood penalty' faced by older woman who took time off from work to look after children, the new research by Council on the Ageing (COTA) NSW board member Associate Professor Myra Hamilton and colleagues has found that single women without children (SWWC) face particular challenges which can leave them vulnerable to poverty and isolation.
SWWC make up around nine per cent of the surveyed population aged 45 and older in the National HILDA (Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia) study which follows 17,000 people throughout their lives.
I did find though that because I was single and had part time work it was assumed (by many people, not just my brother) that I would be the main carer. Of course I wanted to - it was my mum, but my health and energy were not even considered. It was hard, but I wouldnt have had it any other way.
Research participant
Myra said the research challenged the misconception that SWWC generally have uninterrupted careers and a healthy superannuation balance, instead finding they often have interrupted career paths from various causes - redundancy, ill heath, and the expectation they were available to care for elderly or disabled family members.
Associate Professor Myra Hamilton.
Associate Professor Myra Hamilton.
Housing was a major issue for many older SWWC who cannot rely on a partner to help get and pay off a mortgage making it more of a struggle to enter and stay in the housing market; and single women were less able to absorb temporary financial shocks than a partnered person; so a redundancy, illness or caring responsibility can result in them losing their home and having to move to rental accommodation.
The historical gender factor plays an enormous impact. The facts that these women have often worked in the workforce in maybe casual jobs, part time works. Lower paid work where either no superannuation was required to be paid or a minimal amount of superannuation was required to be paid. So that absolutely impacts their financial security
Housing Specialist
Also while single women were more likely to bear the lion's share of caring for ageing parents, they were the least likely to have someone to provide informal care and support for them in later life, leaving them at risk of needing early entry to residential aged care.
Being single and aging is scary. I look around me and my siblings and friends who have children have a network around them as they get older. Who will be the young people in my life to lift me up and support me? Sure I'll have friends, but they'll all be old like me.
Research participant
The report's recommendations include:
 - Address the effect of family care on employment and income
 - Amend anti-discrimination legislation to clarify that discrimination against people without family responsibilities is also unlawful
 - Develop more affordable housing options for older women
 - Provide advocates in the aged care system to help older people without informal support
 - Make financial advice more accessible, affordable and catering to women's needs and communication styles.
Security in old age for older single women without children, presents findings from a collaborative project between the Universities of Sydney, New South Wales and Curtin and was funded by CPA Australia.
This story The single woman, no kids paradox first appeared on The Senior.


text:
Indian Luck and Other Superstitions still Play an Important Role in Everyone's Life
Science and technology has spread so deeply into the lives of many people of India. Even today superstitions play an important role in everyone's life. The country of India is famous for its culture, tradition, mythological stories and customs.
These customs or beliefs are mainly known as superstitions. There are many superstitions dominating the Indian sub-continent. Some of the evergreen Indian superstitions are discussed here.
Some superstitions bring good luck while a few others bring bad luck. That's assuming you believe in superstitions.
Some Indian Superstitions:
- Trimming of nails at night should be avoided as that will bring bad luck.
- Marriages can take place only after consulting a horoscope. If the virtues of the bride and the groom match, only then will the marriage takes place.
- A black cat crossing the path in front of you is considered inauspicious.
- The cawing of crows indicates the arrival of guests at the home.
- It is an anticipation of fear of death if a lizard falls on the head of someone.
- It is a sign of good luck when one meets someone with a basketful of goods and it is the reverse condition if one meets someone with an empty basket.
- An itching palm is a sign of money coming to you.
- Menstruating women are not allowed to enter the kitchen because the condition is treated as impure and thus pollutes whatever is made in the kitchen. It is considered an unclean practice.
- The sight of an owl is inauspicious.
- The howling of a dog at midnight is an anticipation of death approaching.
An elephant seen during a journey is auspicious as it represents Ganesha, the lord who ensures success and good luck and stops obstacles and hurdles that may be in your way. Similarly, the sight of a peacock on a journey is known to bring good luck.
A Few more Indian Superstitions:
- If someone is having hiccups, it means that someone is thinking about you deeply.
- Whereas an itching eye means that someone is backbiting about that person.
- Killing of a cat is a very bad omen as it might bring many years of bad luck. If someone has done this by chance, then a cat made of gold should be offered to the priest.
- A sparrow building a nest over a house brings good fortune to that house.
- Tuesday is considered unlucky for shaving and cutting hair.
- Whereas Thursdays are regarded unlucky for hair wash.
- A new bride should enter her new house by putting her right foot first.
- It is sacred to see a ride or a religious idol while going for a journey and in the same way, having a glimpse of a widow or a barren woman is not a sign of good luck.
Enhancing the bond between a brother and sister is also a sign of bringing good luck to the homes, according to an Indian superstition. This is why the festival of 'rakhsa bandhan 'and 'bhaiduj' are regarded very sacred.
- If someone sneezes before leaving the house or before starting a new task, it is known to be a bad omen.
- Before going for a good task, eating curd with jiggery is considered lucky.
- Many Indian people still believe that getting married on a New Moon day ensures a happy married life.
- Sleeping with the head towards the north is another superstition which is said to bring ill omen.
So these are some of the colorful customs that are followed by many Indians even today and thus they keep their old customs and rites alive and rekindled.
Copyright © IndiaAura.com


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By Adam Verwymeren, Networx
Homeowners might soon be able to scrub the air around their cities of harmful pollution, and the best part is, they don't even have to lift a muscle to help out. California-based Boral Roofing is marketing a new smog-eating roofing tile that they hope can help make pollution a thing of the past.
The science behind the tiles is simple: "The key ingredient is titanium dioxide," said Kayla Kratz, product manager for Boral Roofing. The titanium oxide is embedded in the surface of the tiles, which reacts with sunlight, causing harmful nitrogen oxide to be converted into harmless nitrates.
In fact, those nitrates aren't just harmless; they're actually beneficial fertilizers that get washed down onto your yard every time it rains, adding an extra benefit to homeowners who install the tiles.
For those worried about chemical reactions with smog happening on their roofs, don't sweat it, the company says. Titanium dioxide is a common substance that most people interact with daily -- it's in toothpaste, cosmetics and house paint.
So how effective are these roofing tiles? Each year an average size roof of 2,000 square feet can neutralize 10,800 miles worth of smog, Kratz said.
Many consumers these days go to great lengths to cut back on the pollution they create -- everything from installing more energy efficient light bulbs to curtailing unnecessary road trips. But Boral's smog-eating technology has the added advantage of addressing pollution that has already been created.
"This is a technology that can reduce some of the crimes that have already been done against the environment," Kratz said.
The tiles do cost about 25 percent more than regular tiles, which can add about $800 to the cost of an average-size roof. However, the company is hoping that states will soon start offering rebates or subsidies for the tiles, much as they do for solar panels or energy-saving appliances.
The company, which expects to officially launch the product in February, already has one home builder developer that is bullish on the future of smog-eating tiles. KB Homes, based in Southern California, is working with Boral to include the tiles in many of the new homes they build.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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|Two Eurasian Pies (Pica pica) outside The Prado, Madrid|
When I was researching my last amateur etymology piece (
The word pie in the English language was first used to refer to the bird, starting around the mid-13th century. It's believed that it was around a century later that pie, the delicious pastry which was originally filled with a variety of mixed or minced meats, took its name from the way Magpies are known for collecting random objects to decorate their nests. Our third usage of pie arose about two hundred years later and appears to have been used mainly in the old printing days; after a printing job, the printer's blocks would be all mixed up or pied before being sorted into their proper boxes. And when you go back to the Latin word for Magpie, Pica, you are easily brought back to the world of typesetting with pica as a modern typographic unit of measure, although this seems to be coincidental here.
So our beloved apple and pumpkin pies (fruit was introduced as a pie filling around the beginning of the 17th century), not to mention rhubarb and blueberry, may all have been named after a bird. I even read somewhere, thought it's a little far-fetched for me, that the blackbirds from the classic nursery rhyme Sing a Song of Sixpence, are an allusion to the humble magpie.
Sing a song of sixpence,
A pocket full of rye,
Four and twenty blackbirds
Baked in a pie.
When the pie was opened
The birds began to sing
Wasn't that a dainty dish
To set before the king?


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Iceberg Lake Typical Of All
( Originally Published Early 1900's )
In some respects Iceberg Lake is Glacier's supreme spectacle. There are few spots so wild. There may be no easily accessible spot in the world half so wild. Imagine a horseshoe of perpendicular rock wall, twenty-seven hundred to thirty-five hundred feet high, a glacier in its inmost curve, a lake of icebergs in its centre.
The back of the tower-peak of Mount Wilbur is the southern end of this horseshoe. This enclosure was not built up from below, as it looks, but bitten down within and without; it was left. On the edge of the lake in early July the sun sets at four o'clock.
Stupendous as Iceberg Lake is as a spectacle, its highest purpose is illustrative. It explains Glacier. Here by this lakeside, fronting the glacier's floating edge and staring up at the jagged top in front and on either side, one comprehends at last. The appalling story of the past seems real.


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Consultant in Paediatric Haematology, Oncology, Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplantation
Dr. Rela Institute & Medical Centre
Vimal has over 10 years of experience as a consultant in pediatric hematology. He specializes in Stem Cell transplantation and management of blood and cancer disorder and has undertaken international fellowships at the Imperial College London Healthcare Trust in the UK. Vimal is comfortable sharing his experiences with both autologous and allogenic stem cell transplantation practices in India.
Section 1: Current SCT Therapy
1.1. How would you describe the current SCT patient journey?
Let me talk to you about initially allogenic transplant. Once we decide that this patient needs a transplant, we look at the diagnosis and what the severity or the stage of the disease is. For example, if it is a malignancy, we are thinking of doing a transplant, the need to do a bone marrow examination. For example, leukemia or lymphoma, make sure the disease is in remission. So, we look at bone marrow, we look at the minimal residual disease and once we are sure that the MRD is negative, the minimal residual disease is negative. Then we are convinced to go ahead with transplant. Some patients do have a high disease load during a transplant, or when we decide on a transplant. In those cases, we decide on giving some form of chemotherapy to bring down the disease burden because the higher the disease burden at the time of transplantation, the higher the risk of the relapse or disease coming back; this is for malignancies.
Non-malignant conditions, there are conditions like hemoglobinopathies, thalassemia, sickle cell disease. These patients that are on blood transfusion. So, how is their iron overload? Are they adequately chelated with iron chelators? Because, the higher the iron overload, the higher the risk of complications. We generally do overall investigations in the form of blood investigations. Then, we look at the heart and the liver, to look at iron overload in the heart and we do MRI scans of liver and heart, liver biopsies to assess the iron overload. This is the work-up with regards to the patient and also to complete the work-up we do the vital investigations, HBsAg, HIV, hepatitis C, and echo to make sure the patient has adequate cardiac functions, GFR or glomerular filtration rate for checking the kidneys.
These are the workups towards the patient. Coming to the donor, before we decide on the transplant, obviously for allogenic, we look at the HLA typing. We do a high-resolution HLA typing and make sure whoever the donor is, either it could be a matched family donor. If there is no match in the family, we use donors from unrelated bone marrow registries, various international registries, like DKMS and DB, which is a US registry. DKMS is the largest registry, which is the German registry. We look at the HLA typing, make sure that there is a 10 by 10 match or full match. Once the donor is identified, the donor workup has done. For example, if it is a matched family donor, the donor is available with the patient. So, the entire workup is done in the hospital, along with the donor. If it is an unrelated donor, obviously the donor registries take care of all the work up.
These are the work-up towards the donor and the patient. Once we are done with these two steps, then we proceed with the transplant. The patient is given some form of conditioning chemotherapy, which includes a combination of chemotherapy. There are drugs to ablate the bone marrow or destroy the bone marrow and combination of immunosuppressive drugs, which help in preventing graft failure. It's usually a combination of these two medications, depending on the condition. For example, if you're deciding on transplants for leukemia, then we add radiation as well, total body radiation. Usually this phase of conditioning, which is a process by which we take out the bone marrow, or we ablate the bone marrow of the recipient. This takes place over a course of seven days. If a patient is admitted in a HEPA filtered positive pressure BMT unit, we usually put in a central line, central venous catheter. This helps in the administration of medications, as well as doing blood investigations, instead of repeatedly poking the patient for investigations. I mean, all the radiology workup and everything. We get the STEM cells from the unrelated registries.
These are the work-up towards the donor and the patient. Once we are done with these two steps, then we proceed with the transplant. The patient is given some form of conditioning chemotherapy, which includes a combination of chemotherapy. There are drugs to ablate the bone marrow or destroy the bone marrow and combination of immunosuppressive drugs, which help in preventing graft failure. It's usually a combination of these two medications, depending on the condition. For example, if you're deciding on transplants for leukemia, then we add radiation as well, total body radiation. Usually this phase of conditioning, which is a process by which we take out the bone marrow, or we ablate the bone marrow of the recipient. This takes place over a course of seven days. If a patient is admitted in a HEPA filtered positive pressure BMT unit, we usually put in a central line, central venous catheter. Which helps in administration of medications, as well as doing blood investigations, instead of repeatedly poking the patient for investigations.
This phase of conditioning lasts over a week. Over this one week of we do investigations on a daily basis. We look at the blood count. We look in the renal liver functions, make sure they're all right. What we expect is the blood count gradually goes down because of the chemotherapy or the radiation we are giving. The patient is admitted in a BMT unit. He is given strict dietary precautions like neutropenic food. What we mean by neutropenic food is double boiled food and we do not allow anything raw, raw vegetables, or raw fruits.
There is only one attender allowed for the patient. It's usually like if it is a child it's usually the mother. If it's an adult patient, someone from their own family and we provide 1:1 nursing. Every shift, there is just one nurse who takes care of a particular patient. Once the conditioning chemotherapy is done, which lasts over a period of five to seven days, then the next process is this process of STEM cell infusion. The donor, if it is a matched donor who is in the family, we harvest the STEM cells from the donor. We give five days of injection, the granulocyte colony stimulating factor.
Then, we harvest the STEM cells. Depending on the condition we might choose for peripheral blood STEM cells, which is collected by a procedure called apheresis or sometimes, it could be a bone marrow harvest. Bone marrow harvest is done in a theater under general anesthesia and STEM cells are harvested from the iliac crest or the pelvic bone of the donor. This has done on the same day as the day of infusion. We harvest STEM cells from the donor in the morning.
That is done in-house. Most of the centers in India, they have in-house a flow cytometry unit, hemato-pathology unit. They do quantification of the STEM cells, the CD3 T-lymphocytes. The quantification of those cells are done, and we generally get a report within a couple of hours. Depending on the quantitative titles of the STEM cells harvested, we calculate the amount of STEM cells that the patient needs to receive. We generally gave CD34 or STEM cell dose of around 5 to 6 million per kilogram. We do not generally go beyond 8 million per kilogram because of high risk of graft versus host disease. The STEM cells are infused to the patient over a period of one to two hours through the central venous catheter.
After that, it's a process of waiting and watching. Usually the donor cells take around two weeks to go and settle into the patient's body. All these two weeks, the patient is admitted in a bone marrow transplantation unit. He is given neutropenic care, measures to prevent infections. If at all there are any complications, most of the centers have an ICU unit on standby to cater to the needs.
1.2. What are the common complications with SCT?
The most common complication we generally see is infections, sepsis. In India, our biggest challenge for a successful transplant is, we have lots of multidrug resistant bugs, gram negative bacteria. That is the biggest challenge we face. Whenever the patient develops a fever, we do blood cultures, we do all this big work-up. We start the patients on appropriate antibiotics. Then, it's a period of waiting for 12 to 14 days, by which time the donor cells settle in. Most of these patients are on immunosuppression and we do monitor the levels of tacrolimus, or cyclosporin, whatever calcineurin inhibitor the patient is on. This is done every two to three days. The patient undergoes regular investigations like, routine blood counts, liver and renal functions, electrolyte levels. Most of these patients have diarrhea during this time. This is because of all the chemotherapy; the patient has a raw gut.
They have ulcers. They have a raw epithelium. So, these patients tend to have diarrhea. Some of these small children, we put in a nasogastric tube to take care of the nutrition. So, they are given a semi elemental milk diet through a continuous NG tube. Some patients we do put on TPN, total parental nutrition,


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The Fall of the Leaves, By Charles Hubert Millevoye
With what was taken from our woods
|From THE POEMS LOOKED AT: or, NOTES|
The Fall of the Leaves, By Charles Hubert Millevoye. 1967. There are many sad poems in the world, and only a few of these have affected people for a long time, and clearly, and deeply. When a poem is taken to themselves by many people, one can say that it is the obviousness and ordinariness of the emotion that have made for this effect. Immediately, the question is with us: if it is only obviousness and ordinariness of emotion that make a poem liked conspicuously and lengthily, why do not all the obvious and ordinary poems succeed with a superficial and undiscriminating public? There must then be something about an ordinary and obvious poem which achieves popularity with the populace that the obvious, ordinary poems not achieving this don't have. And we find that this differentiating thing in the popular field is form, structure, aesthetics, fashioning—the way these are essentially in more "distinguished" or "subtle" works. The mind of man, which means the mind of every man, is somewhat subject to aesthetic emotion.—And so, when La Chute des Feuilles of Charles Hubert Millevoye appeared in France in the early part of the nineteenth century, the public found something different and strong in this sad poem; and the public can find it again. The lines of Millevoye are dense with emotion, but dense with structure too. The slowness of the poem instigates tearfulness, but this slowness also is poetically accurate, powerful. A line like Tombe, tombe, feuille éphémère! is abrupt and lasting at once. This line has in it the possible likeness of a person to autumn going towards winter. This is ordinary, but is it true? Can the ordinary truth become aesthetically piercing? The Millevoye poem is an early instance of the general Romantic tendency to make nature and self one thing; to make the growing and fading external world like what we are. Millevoye here has a permanent music, though this music first was heard in Napoleonic days. The music is there, ready to reach selves and ears.
From Hail, American Development (Definition Press)
© 1968 by Eli Siegel


January 2006
Mean daily maximum: 6.3
Difference from average: +0.5
Mean daily minimum: 1.3
Difference from average: +0.9
Mean air temperature: 3.8
Difference from average: +0.8
Absolute maximum: 11.9 (11th)
Absolute minimum: -4.4 (30th)
Mean grass minimum: 0.1
Absolute grass minimum: -7.2 (30th)
Number of ground frosts: 15
Number of air frosts: 9
Mean soil temperature at 30cm depth: 4.3
Mean soil temperature at 100cm depth: 6.3
(all totals in millimetres; all averages 1961 – 1990)
Total for the month: 23.6
Difference from average: -35.4
Percentage of the average: 40%
Wettest day: 5.8 (19th)
Number of rain days (>0.25mm): 10
Number of wet days (=> 1mm): 6
3-month total rainfall to 31st January: 131.6
Difference from average: -46.7
6-month rainfall total to 31st January: 306.5
Difference from average: -46.9
12-month rainfall total to 31st January: 581.5
Difference from average: -67.5
(Averages for 09:00 hours GMT)
Relative Humidity: 88%
(all averages 1961 – 1990)
Total for the month: 48.5 hours
Difference from average: -5.3
Percentage of the average: 90%
Mean daily sunshine: 1.6 hours
Difference from average: -0.1
Sunniest day: 6.3 hours (31st)
Number of days with no recorded sunshine: 12
The mean wind speed: 12.2km/h [6.6kt]
Difference from average: -2.5km/hr
The highest gust: 85.2km/h [46kt] from 200° at 21:03 GMT on 10th
Comments on January 2006
Although there were some cold days, maximum temperature rose above zero every day. There were also some mild days too, with a monthly absolute maximum of 11.9°C on the 11th, although this was the lowest absolute maximum for January since 2001. Overall, all three temperature means were above average; mean air temperature was also the lowest since 2001.
The dry December continued throughout January, with only 40% of the expected monthly total. There were the fewest number of rain days since 1992, and it was the 25th driest January since 1852 (n=155). All three long-period totals are now below average again, although the long-term rainfall deficit in the North East is clearly much less serious than in the South East.
Despite grumbles in the media about the gloomy nature of January, sunshine totals were only just below average. However, the number of days (12) with no recorded sunshine was the largest total since 1996.
Professor Tim Burt
Department of Geography
Durham University


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Keywords:Paleomagnetism, Reunion, polarity transition
The Chikura group, covering the Upper Pliocene – Lower Pleistocene, is distributed in the Southernmost part of the Boso Peninsula, Chiba Prefecture, Japan. The group is thought to be a marine deposit filled on the landward slope basin of the paleo-Sagami trouhg. Okada et al. (2012) constructed a paleomagnetic and oxygen isotopic stratigraphies, covering between about 2.3 and 3.5 Ma (MIS G16 to 93), for the Mera and the Minamiasai Formations consisting of the Chikura Group. The tephra bed, seen in the top horizon of the section studied by Okada et al., (2012), can be correlated to a tephra bed found at the bottom horizon of our study section where the Hata Formation laying on and party interfingered with the Minamiasai Formation. This observation indicates that our study section is suitable for reconstruction of stratigraphic records, including the geomagnetic filed variation, for the period younger than 2.3 Ma. For rock-magnetic and paleomagneitc measurements, we collected several mini-cores using a portable engine drill at every 1 - 4 m stratigraphic interval, and collected a mini-core at every 10 cm interval around reversal boundaries associated with the Réunion Subchronozone.The demagnetization methods evaluated in this study are the alternating filed demagnetization (AFD) with 5 mT increments up to 80 mT, the thermal demagnetization (ThD) 50 °C increments up to 600 °C, a hybrid method consisting of ThD at 250 °C and the AFD sequence. Among those methods, only the Hybrid method provided data passing the reversal test. So, we selected the Hybrid method as to provide paleomagentic data from the study section. As the results, the declination of a mean magnetization direction from the whole section without the reversal boundaries is calculated as 11.1 ± 5.7° indicating a clockwise rotation. Kotake et al. (1995) reported that the average paleomagentic declination indicated a clockwise rotation in the Chikura group due to a tectonic rotation supposed to be caused by a collision of the Izu Massif to the Honshu Island at around 1 Ma. To deduce the virtual geomagnetic poles (VGPs), we corrected our declination data using the average value of -11.1 °.We detected the Réunion Subchronozone including a geomagnetic excursion at a horizon of 4.7 m thickness. The VGPs are through the Africa in the lower reversal boundary, and stay on the southern south America in the upper reversal boundary. In addition, the VGPs of the excursion found in the Réunion Subchronozone stay in the East Asia. We compared the VGPs of this study with the results from ODP site 981 (Channell et al.,2003). Although they show different paths, both VGPs seem to pass through the "preferred longitudinal bands" frequently observed during geomagnetic polarity transitions (e.g. Hoffman, 1992)ReferenceOkada et al., 2012, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 118, 97–108.Kotake et al., 1995, Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, 101, 515–531.Channell et al., 2003, Earth Planet. Sci. Letters, 215, 1-12.


posing bodies attract predators, putting all gerbils at risk. As a result, eating the dead is an effective defense mechanism that prevents predators from killing the entire colony, or knowing they exist.
While not all wild gerbils will carry out this instinctual behavior, it's essential to remove the dead gerbil as soon as you notice it to minimize the risk of this happening.
Can I Get Sick from Handling A Dead Gerbil?
There are some zoonotic health conditions that can spread from gerbils to humans. They're even more dangerous when you're dealing with a dead gerbil. That's because you're more likely to panic after seeing your pet dead, neglecting to wear gloves when handling it.
As a result, be careful of the following conditions:
will a gerbil eat a dead gerbil?
As described by Vet Microbiology, Mongolian gerbils are susceptible to Leptospira interrogans, a bacterial species containing over 200 pathogenic serovars. They're commonly referred to as Leptospirosis and can spread from gerbils to humans through contaminated urine.
Because gerbils urinate after death, humans are at risk of accidentally ingesting the bacteria after handling the dead gerbil. That's why you must use gloves to handle dead gerbils and wash your hands with antibacterial soap afterward.
Not all humans display symptoms, but those that do will have:
 - Headache
 - Fever
 - Chills
 - Muscle aches
 - Jaundice
 - Red eyes
 - Vomiting
 - Abdominal pain
 - Rash
 - Diarrhea
The disease is easily treatable with a course of antibiotics. Still, you must exercise caution to avoid being infected in the first place.
While salmonellosis is a rare disease in pet gerbils, it's caused by an infection with the Salmonella bacterium.
Much like Leptospira, it can infect humans through contaminated feces and urine. It remains in the gerbil's intestines, where it's shed every time they poop. Similarly, infected bedding harbors the disease.
Unfortunately, salmonellosis can kill gerbils. It's also highly contagious, so gerbil owners must clean the enclosure and all removable parts with a bacteria-killing spray.
Again, not all humans develop symptoms, but some will show the following signs within 8 to 72 hours after contamination:
 - Diarrhea
 - Abdominal cramps
 - Vomiting
 - Dehydration
While losing a beloved gerbil is hard under any circumstances, you must act quickly to prevent your other gerbils from getting sick. Similarly, don't wait too long before introducing your surviving gerbil to a new friend. Otherwise, it could get lonely, sad, and depressed.


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- Variable resistance: No matter how old you are you can use the rowing machine. easily adjustable resistance make it easy to switch up your workout intensity quickly.
- Increase muscle and joint activity: rowing is beneficial to patients with arthritis or osteoporosis. When the muscles move in a large amount it can improve the stiffness of the muscles and joints.
- Strengthen the quadriceps: The quadriceps are the main muscles when rowing(the largest muscle group on the front of the thigh).These muscles are mainly responsible for the movement of the knees but also have the function of bending the hips making your legs stronger. When your quadriceps become stronger your endurance will increase.
- Good for cardiopulmonary function: When using the rowing machine the heart and lungs are also in motion so it is good for the heart. Rowing can enhance the ability of the lungs to provide oxygen and you can improve your cardiopulmonary ability through short-term intermittent exercise.
- Can reduce fat: It can balance body fat and net weight. If you are obese rowing is a better exercise because it can burn a lot of fat.


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A Finite Difference Scheme for Double-Diffusive Unsteady Free Convection from a Curved Surface to a Saturated Porous Medium with a Non-Newtonian Fluid
KAUST DepartmentPhysical Sciences and Engineering (PSE) Division
Permanent link to this recordhttp://hdl.handle.net/10754/552553
MetadataShow full item record
AbstractIn this paper, a finite difference scheme is developed to solve the unsteady problem of combined heat and mass transfer from an isothermal curved surface to a porous medium saturated by a non-Newtonian fluid. The curved surface is kept at constant temperature and the power-law model is used to model the non-Newtonian fluid. The explicit finite difference method is used to solve simultaneously the equations of momentum, energy and concentration. The consistency of the explicit scheme is examined and the stability conditions are determined for each equation. Boundary layer and Boussinesq approximations have been incorporated. Numerical calculations are carried out for the various parameters entering into the problem. Velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are shown graphically. It is found that as time approaches infinity, the values of wall shear, heat transfer coefficient and concentration gradient at the wall, which are entered in tables, approach the steady state values.
CitationA Finite Difference Scheme for Double-Diffusive Unsteady Free Convection from a Curved Surface to a Saturated Porous Medium with a Non-Newtonian Fluid 2011, 4:948 Procedia Computer Science
JournalProcedia Computer Science
Conference/Event name11th International Conference on Computational Science, ICCS 2011


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Then we moved to Alwar fort know as bala fort also.
The Alwar Fort is nestled in a steep hill that is 300 meters above the city. The magnificent fort is a great landmark of the Alwar. The fort has a lot of historical significance. It was built before the Mughal period in the 16th century. Moreover, it is also believed that Babur once came to the fort in order to dodge his enemies. History associated to the fort also reveals that the fort was taken over by Rana Pratap Singh in 1775. However, there is no consensus among historians to draw a conclusion to this. It is also believed that Nikumbh Rajput built the palace in 928 A.D. Hence, the history of fort draws a lot of confusion and curiosity. This curiosity often acts as an appeal for the tourists.
The magnificent Alwar Fort stretches across 5 kilometers from North to South and is located at a height of 305 meters above the main city. Various architectural features like the 15 large and 51 small towers add a lot of beauty to the fort. There are also beautiful gates and each of the gates bear different names. The various names of the entry points of the fort are Chand Pol Kishan Pol, Laxman Pol, Jai Pol and Suraj Fort. Looking at the various architectural features of the fort, you will surely wonder about the architectural excellence of craftsmen of that era


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Any modern CMM just cannot do without a Fixture Plate. A basic fixture usually consists of a flat plat which has a wide variety of clamps and locators in order to hold and locate the part. The Fixture Plates are normally, much heavier than the plate jigs. This is done with an intention to increase their resistance against the additional cutting force.
Normally, a Fixture Plate is used either as a base for the work piece fixture or as a secondary base for an existing fixture.
The basic function of a Fixture Plate is to provide a staging area for building up part fixtures. A large sized plate facilitates the fixture of multiple parts. This helps in reducing the machine down time for loading and unloading. Generally, Fixture Plates which supports higher part densities and faster part change-outputs per cycle are preferred. This helps in saving a considerable amount of time and effort.


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Date Uploaded: November 6, 2011, 10:07 pm
Last Edited: August 7, 2012, 5:52 pm
Article TagsBasic Techniques, Patterns
Print this Article
Article © MAIL User: mithrilweaver
Pirsig's bridge is not a weave in itself. It links existing round, tube, cylindrical and pillar style weaves. If it were a weave in itself it would be called "Tri Cable" or the existing "Hex Cable" weave. It forms by having 2 in 1 or 2 in 2 chains connected with a center ring. The 2 in 1 or 2 in 2 chains form the outside geometrical shape of the tube. So, where "Roundmaille" has 3 rings at the end that form a triange, Pirsig's Bridge forms 3 - 2 in 1 chains and connects them with 1 or 2 center rings as shown here:
Pirsig's bridge really is a conceptual idea rather than an actual recipe or formula of exact ring combinations. As shown in the picture below, there are many possibilities for Pirsig's Bridge. This picture shows a stainless steel 6awg with 1" id ring being held captive by it.
Pirsig's Bridge can link different tube shaped weaves as shown here:
Pirsig's Bridge can make a great ending for clasping a tube, round, cylindrical, or pillar shaped pattern also. Using "Orbital" and "Orbit" weaves pictured below,
it is possible to use the orbiting ring as the center ring in Pirsig's Bridge.
The rings running inside the orbital ring then connect to the clasp or other pattern. This allows the ending to be balanced and symmetrical. The chain running inside the orbiting ring can be held without distorting the pattern.
If the pattern has a captive ring already embedded in the pattern it is possible to close off the pattern, skip a portion of Pirsig's Bridge, and run an orbiting pattern inside the captive ring as shown below: (The rings closing off this captive inverted round must have very small aspect ratio to hold the captive ring in place, otherwise the orbiting ring will fall out with its chain.)
The aspect ratio is very important in Pirsig's Bridge, but it is impossible to give a formula that will work in every case. The combining aspect ratios are different for every weave and sometimes it is possible to have 2 or more combinations of rings with different aspect ratios. It usually requires some trial and error to see what works best in each unique pattern.
Pirsig's Bridge works best in patterns that have orbiting rings because the bridge wants to be held spread open. If the bridge is not held spread open, the rings will gather on one side and distort the pattern.
A minimum of 3 rings (triangle) shaping the outside need to be used in Pirsig's Bridge. There is a balance that needs to be achieved when clasping using the bridge. 3 rings shaping the bridge work best in terms of the clasp because the chain running inside the orbiting center ring does not want to be crowded. 6 rings (hexagon) shaping the bridge works best for keeping the center ring balance on the pattern. It is difficult to find a 2 in 1 chain that will fit inside an orbiting center ring with 6 rings attached to it though.
*Thanks go out to everyone that contributes on this site and others. This "open" reference source has been invaluable to me and my artwork. I divulge what I have created with gratitude in this same spirit. Feel free to contact me with any questions.
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How to Treat a Forehead Injury With Eye Swelling.?
1. Contact a doctor and explain your condition. Provide details regarding when and how the incident occurred. Detail any side effects you have been experiencing as a result of your injury, and specifically mention any pain, nausea or vomiting. 2. Get
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text:
AeroShell Grease 33 is a synthetic universal airframe grease composed of a lithium complex thickened synthetic base oil with corrosion and oxidation inhibitors and load carrying additives. The useful operating temperature range is?73?C to +121?C.
- For many years aircraft operators have been seeking to rationalise the greases used on aircraft and to reduce the number of different greases in their inventories. Recently Boeing began research on a new, general purpose, corrosion inhibiting grease. The aim was for a non-clay based grease that would provide longer life for components and mechanisms and possess improved wear and corrosion resistance. This led to the introduction of the new Boeing Specification BMS 3-33B.
- Owing to the wide range of operating temperatures, loads and other environmental conditions required for various aircraft components, several different types of grease with different desirable properties are used during routine lubrication of aircraft components. Boeing, in developing their BMS 3-33B specification, took account of the properties of the different grease types used on aircraft and wrote a specification for a grease which would provide improved performance and which could be used in the widest possible range of grease applications.
- AeroShell Grease 33 is approved to BMS 3-33B and offers the improved performance properties required by this specification.
- AeroShell Grease 33 can be used for routine lubrication on Boeing aircraft where MIL-PRF-23827C or BMS 3-24 is specified. AeroShell Grease 33 can also be used in some applications on Boeing aircraft which require use of MIL-G21164. Other applications on Boeing aircraft which require use of MIL-G-21164 and other greases are being reviewed and in due course Boeing will issue details of the full range of applications. For the current status, refer to the latest issue of Boeing Service Letter "BMS 3-33B General Purpose Aircraft Grease".
- AeroShell Grease 33 can be used for routine lubrication in applications where MIL-PRF-23827C is specified on aircraft manufactured by McDonnell Douglas, Airbus, BAe Regional Aircraft, Canadair, Lockheed, Embraer, Fokker and Gulfstream (except for wheel bearings, applications above 121?C and sliding applications requiring molybdenum disulphide).
- Other aircraft manufacturers are evaluating AeroShell Grease 33 with the aim of approving it for use on their aircraft. Operators should regularly check with these manufacturers for the latest status.
- Use of AeroShell Grease 33 can provide operators with the following benefits:
- Reduced inventories;
- Reduced maintenance labour costs;
- Less chance of product mis-application.
For Detailed TDS Click Here


_USER_ {6117, title = {Three essays on socioeconomic status, social support, and the Health and Retirement Study}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2011}, month = {2011}, pages = {220}, school = {University of Pennsylvania}, type = {_PHONE_}, address = {United States -- Pennsylvania}, abstract = {The associations between both socioeconomic status and mortality and social support and mortality are widely recognized, though the mechanisms that underlie these associations are less well understood. The Health and Retirement Study allows for a rich exploration of these associations. In the first essay, I investigate mortality differentials by both education and household wealth, first for all causes combined and then over seven different causes of death. Both education and wealth are strongly associated with mortality. I find that the SES gradient is strongest for lung cancer and respiratory diseases, and the gradient is weakest for cancers other than lung and cerebrovascular diseases. In the second essay, I explore how mortality risk increases upon becoming widowed, and what factors increase or mitigate that change in risk. I find that becoming widowed is associated with a nearly 50\% increase in mortality risk, net of demographic controls. Some evidence indicates that this risk increase may be due to consequences of adjusting to a new living environment, although some is certainly due to selection into widowhood. Factors that mitigated widowhood mortality risk included education and wealth; children did not have an association with widowhood mortality risk. A spouse may be an irreplaceable source of support. In the third essay, I explore mortality differentials by religion. I find that substantial differences exist, with Mainline Protestants and Jews having the most favorable mortality. Differences were partially explained by socioeconomic status. While Catholics, evangelical Protestants, and black Protestants benefit from favorable attendance patterns, attendance (or lack of) at services explains much of the higher mortality of those with no religious preference. Health behaviors do not mediate the relationship between mortality and religion, except among evangelical Protestants.}, keywords = {Adult children, Demographics, Health Conditions and Status, Net Worth and Assets}, url = {_URL_ author = {Allison R Sullivan} }


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July 27, 2010 > History: Union City's steamship "The Union"
History: Union City's steamship "The Union"
By Myrla Raymundo
Union City and Alvarado came into existence on a portion of the Rancho Portrero de los Cerritos, in the northwestern portion of Washington Township in what is today Alameda County. Union City, the first of the two to be settled, is located on the banks of Alameda Creek near a point known as the Devil's Elbow. It was in 1851 that Union City first sprang into being, founded by J. M. Horner.
J. M. Horner was also the builder of the first warehouse on the bank of the creek. This creek poured its waters into an extensive slough, which stretched far out toward the bay where a very tortuous channel was formed. In 1846, the creek was navigable for light craft as far up as Bell Ranch Bridge. In fact, until 1878, small vessels used this channel from as far as the sugar refinery, but when the channel was filled, the course of the water changed entirely.
Horner developed a plan for cutting a canal across the marshes to connect with the bay, making a continuation of Crandall Slough. By this means the water flow would have been directed into the canal, and thus the flooded marshes would have been reclaimed, the creek relieved of surplus water, and Union City, together with Alvarado, would now have been in direct communication by water with San Francisco, as they were in earlier days. In addition, hundreds of acres of marshland could have been reclaimed. Unfortunately, Mr. Horner's canal scheme never went beyond the ideas in his head, and Devil's Elbow, where the water had been dammed and frequently overflowed, eventually filled and is now a bed of sandy sediment.
Union City and Alvarado are nearly surrounded by marsh, and in the old days each year brought an overflow from the creek, which caused a few days of flooding. Going out of doors without rubber boots was anything but agreeable. The little town had the advantage of good lands, extensive warehouses, and with the steamer called "The Union," Union City rapidly developed rich agricultural surroundings to the east.
It is known that Union City received its name from the first steamer which traveled between it and San Francisco. This vessel, "The Union," had a novel history, having been originally constructed in New Jersey and brought in sections aboard ship around Cape Horn by Charles Minturn. When this steamer first entered service between Union City and San Francisco, it was owned by Horner and was placed on the route to carry produce to market. It had limited accommodations for chance passengers.
Mr. Horner had, in 1851, purchased an extensive tract of land, which included the original town site of Union City. From his own and other agricultural interests, a large amount of freight was carried from Union City to San Francisco. One year, history states that the sale of produce from Horner's acreage alone brought forth a revenue of $270,000.
Prior to the entry of the steamer "The Union," freight transportation had been confined to sailing vessels, many of which ran between Union City and San Francisco at regular intervals. "The Union" was a historic craft and her first owner, Charles Minturn, was the originator of the ferry between Oakland and San Francisco. Her first master was Capt. Olney, who afterward commanded the "Senator." Following Capt. Olney came Capt. Marston, who later lived at Centerville, where some of his descendants grew to manhood and womanhood. Next, "The Union" was commanded by Capt. Trefry, who for years guided her destiny. He was later a resident of Centerville, and for many years filled the office of constable.
Horner's little steamship "The Union" is no longer in existence. However, it will go down in history as the link between Union City and San Francisco. It will also be remembered as the source of the name of Union City today. Or is it?
Many people think the name came from the merger of the Decoto and Alvarado districts when the city was founded. When incorporated in 1959, many knew nothing about the ship.
So where did the name Union City come from-the steamer's name or the union of two towns? What do you think?


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Farrokh Bulsara, better known as Freddie Mercury, was a British singer, song writer, and record producer. He was the lead vocalist of the popular rock band Queen. Mercury wrote multiple famous songs, including Bohemian Rhapsody, Don't Stop Me Now, Crazy Little Thing Called Love, We Are The Champions, Somebody to Love, and Killer Queen. Queen also did a song with British songwriter David Bowie called Under Pressure.
Mercury was born of Parsi descent, which is a community located mainly in India and Pakistan. At the age of 9, he received formal piano training. He grew up in India until his teens, when his family moved to Middlesex, England. He stated that some of his favorite British artists were The Who, The Beatles, Jimi Hendrix, David Bowie, and Led Zeppelin. In 1970 he formed Queen alongside Brian May and Roger Taylor.
In 1991, it was discovered that Mercury had contracted the HIV disease, which eventually led to AIDS, and his death.
In 1992 he posthumously won the Brit Award for Outstanding Contribution to British Music, and a tribute concert was held at Wembley Stadium in London. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2001, the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2004, and the whole band of Queen received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
Freddie Mercury was an inspiration to many people, and his songs are still incredibly popular today.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I am following a proof from a book, but it seems to have a typo or use some strange notation I have never seen, and I have already spent a lot of time trying to decipher this, but cannot find the solution.
It is basically showing one how to construct general real numbers from Dedekind's definition by expressing those as a finite or infinite n-ary function.
So, it is trying to prove that any real number $x = a_{0}\cdot a_{1}a_{2}a_{3}.... = a_{0}+\frac{a_{1}}{n} + \frac{a_{2}}{n^2} +...$ with $ 0\leq a_{k}\leq n-1 $ for $k=1,2,3,...$.
It starts by pointing out that $x$ being irrational, it can be defined as the Dedekind cut $x=D_{a}|D_{b}$. Then it considers the sets
$C_{k}=\left \{ \frac{m}{n^k} \right \}$, $m=...,-2,-1,0,1,2...$
such that $C_{0}\subset C_{1}\subset C_{2} \subset... \subset C_{k} \subset C_{k+1}$. In each of these there is a largest number $m_{k}$ such that $m_{k}/n^k$ belongs to $D_{a}$ while $m_{k}+1/n^k$ belongs to $D_{b}$ so that
$ \frac{m_{k}}{n^k}\leq x \leq \frac{m_{k}+1}{n^k} $
After this it says that since $C_{k} \subset C_{k+1}$, it follows that
$m_{k}|n \leq m_{k+1} \leq m_{k} n+(n+1)$
and in the author's words "that is, $m_{k+1}=m_{k}n+a_{k+1}$, where $0 \leq a_{k+1}\leq n -1$".
So it says that this completes the informal proof, since by choosing k=0,1,2,..., this leads to an algorithm generating n-ary fraction.
I get lost after the part that says "since $C_{k} \subset C_{k+1}$", as in the equation that follows this the author uses the cut symbol |, for $m_{k}$, and at the last inequality there is no mathematical operator between $m_{k}$ and n + (n+1) and I assume a product is not involved since there are no parenthesis. Same thing happens in the equation below between and $m_{k}$ and $n$, where in the book there is even a visible space between the two numbers.
Any hints on what happens from the point I got lost on will be extremely helpful.
The book I am reading is "Linear Algebra for Quantum Theory" by Per-Olov Lowdin.
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up vote 2 down vote accepted
The cut symbol is a typo. This is supposed to be $ m_k n \le m_{k+1} \le m_k n + n - 1$.
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Thanks. It all makes sense now. – Raphael R. Mar 25 '11 at 18:01
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Homologous bladder augmentation in dog with the bladder acellular matrix graft
Dr E.A. Tanagho, Department of Urology, U-575, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143 0738, USA.
Objective To determine the functional potential and antigenicity of the homologous bladder acellular matrix graft (BAMG) in a dog model.
Materials and methods Seven mongrel dogs underwent partial cystectomy (20–50%) and grafting with an equal-sized BAMG; two control animals underwent partial cystectomy (40%) only. The dogs were killed after 30 (one), 120 (one) and 210 days (five dogs). Blood samples were obtained before and at 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, 30, 90 and 210 days after surgery. The dogs underwent cystography, intravenous pyelography and ultrasonography before and after surgery, and on the day they were killed, with cystoscopy carried out just before death. The grafted tissue was assessed using routine and immunohistochemical techniques.
Results All the dogs survived surgery; a complete blood cell count, chemical panel and white blood cell count showed no significant difference between the experimental and control animals. Cystography, cystoscopy and ultrasonography revealed no pathological changes in the upper urinary tract. After 7 months, the mean bladder capacity in the augmented dogs was significantly higher (P = 0.035) than in the controls (264 vs 172 mL). Histological evaluation showed an invasion of all bladder wall components during the first month; at 7 months, the morphological examination showed essentially complete regeneration.
Conclusion In this dog model, the potential of the BAMG as a bladder augmentation graft was confirmed, having minimal antigenicity with maximal acceptance. The reconstructed bladder matched the morphological and functional properties of the normal bladder.


text:
A young girl who is known to have T1DM presented with drowsiness and deep breathing. Her sugar level=20. Her BP=120/80mmHg and her mucous membranes are dry. What would be the next appropriate step?
a. Serum urea
b. Blood culture
The key is E ABG. [Likely diagnosis is DKA where ABG is done to demonstrate acidosis].


text:
Here are some basic concepts you should know before going into the detail of the configuration.
LiteSpeed web server can host multiple web sites (virtual hosts) with one server instance.
Traditionally, virtual hosts are classified into two types: IP-based virtual hosts and name-based virtual hosts. IP-based virtual hosts are web sites that have their own unique IP addresses. Name-based virtual hosts are web sites that are distinguished by their domain name and thus may share an IP address with other sites. There is no clear distinction between these two categories in LiteSpeed Web Server. IP-based virtual hosts are considered just a special kind of name-based virtual host. Both of them can be easily configured, or even mixed together.
Unlike other web servers, LiteSpeed Web Server does not have a default web site. Every web site is configured as a virtual host even if only one web site is hosted.
In LiteSpeed Web Server, a listener is a server socket that listens on a specific IP address and TCP port. If you imagine the web server as a building, the listeners are the doors (each with its own IP address and port). Clients (browsers) have to go through a door (a listener) to submit their requests.
For each listener, an IP address and a port number need to be specified. IP address can be any valid local IP address, or you can set a wildcard IP (*) that refers to all available IP addresses on that machine. A port is an integer between 0 and 65535. The default port for HTTP is 80 and 443 for HTTPS. Other ports can be used, though, on UNIX machines, only the super user "root" has permission to use ports below 1024.
Only one listener is allowed for each IP and port combination. Thus, if a listener is configured to one port with the wildcard IP address, you cannot configure another listener to the same port, even if you specify a particular IP. For example, if there are multiple IP addresses on the web server machine, and HTTP traffic needs to be allowed on port 8080 for all IP addresses, this can be configured in two ways: set up one listener using the wildcard IP (*) and port 8080, or set up multiple listeners, one for each IP, all listening to port 8080. These two methods cannot be mixed on a single port.
There are two types of listeners in LiteSpeed Web Server: plain and secure (SSL). Each secure listener requires a paired SSL private key and SSL certificate. The private key can be generated with an SSL toolkit like OpenSSL. The SSL certificate can be self-signed or obtained from an SSL certificate issuer like VeriSign or Thawte. You can share the same private key and certificate pair among multiple listeners.
Listener to Virtual Host Mapping
LiteSpeed's Listener to Virtual Host Mapping provides extra flexibility, allowing you to:
- map one listener to one virtual host.
- map one listener to different virtual hosts for different domain names.
- map multiple listeners to the same virtual host.
- map multiple listeners to multiple virtual hosts depending on their domain names.
In Listener to Virtual Host Mapping, every listener has a virtual host lookup table with key-value pairs that specify a domain name (key) for a particular virtual host (value).
When a browser tries to retrieve a web page from a web server, it first uses a DNS lookup to find the IP address associated with that domain name. It then sends a request to establish a TCP connection with the web server on a specific IP and port. If there is a listener assigned to that IP and port, a connection is established. The browser then sends an HTTP request, which includes, in the header, the domain name of the web site being accessed. The web server checks the lookup table associated with that listener for the domain name in the request. If a match is found, the request is routed to the virtual host for processing.
In order to make a virtual host accessible through a specific listener, you must make sure that:
- DNS is configured properly to map the domain name of the web site to the IP used by that listener. How to configure DNS is beyond the scope of this document.
- A mapping to the virtual host for that domain name exists in the listener's lookup table.
A catchall virtual host can be specified for one listener with the wild card domain name "*". When the server cannot find a matching virtual host, the request will be routed to the catchall virtual host. If there is no such catchall virtual host configured, the web server will return error code 404.


text:
Tuntung Sungai in Malay
Reaching a carapace length of at least 60 cm and has only 4 claws on the forefeet. The size of the
female is somewhat larger than the male.
Size & Weight
Omnivorous feeders but vegetable food predominates. Molluscs, crustaceans and fish are also consumed.
Habitat & Range
Lives in the brackish water of estuaries and areas under tidal influence. Found only in South and Southeast
Asia. Rivers in Malaysia: Setiu, Dungun, Trengganu, Perak and Kedah.
Around November, an average of 24 eggs are laid each time, up 3 times per season.
Human consumption and habitat destruction are major threats. Extinction in next 10 years if no


text:
This exercise system originated in Sweden where trotting is a major sport.
It may well be the reason for the Swedes' supremacy in this field as their horses are exercised from six months to maturity by a natural and simple method that causes no ligament or joint stress to their horses.
The exercise yard consists of a series of corridors side by side. Each one is fairly narrow - 6 to 10 yards wide and 100/200 yards long. The corridors are separated by 2 strands of tape and closed at the ends with 3 strands.
One horse is put into each corridor for 2 to 3 hours. It is important that the horses should be beside each other. They will tend to run up and down the full length of the corridor out of curiosity, competitiveness to their neighbor, or just out for playfulness. As each horse is confined to it's own corridor it is unable to injure itself or either of it's neighbors. When the horses stop running and playing it is either because they have become used to their companions or because they have exercised enough. At the next session it is then necessary to vary each horse's routine by either switching corridors or putting a strange or more fiery horse beside it.
After few month with this form of natural exercising horses, foals and even older horses will have developed good, hard muscles, improved wind and stronger hearts. It is not necessary to lunge or ride them by the hour and this will develop a natural competitive spirit.
With tape corridors their training starts, quite naturally, at weaning. By the age of two a horse reared this way has the build of a mature athlete and is raring to begin formal training.
(from weanling onwards.)


text:
In the United Kingdom, the National Secular Society has found itself gaining a good deal of attention through its sale of Certificates of Debaptism. The certificates read,
"I ________ having been subjected to the Rite of Christian Baptism in infancy (before reaching an age of consent), hereby publicly revoke any implications of that Rite and renounce the Church that carried it out. In the name of human reason, I reject all its Creeds and all other such superstition in particular, the perfidious belief that any baby needs to be cleansed by Baptism of alleged ORIGINAL SIN, and the evil power of supposed demons. I wish to be excluded henceforth from enhanced claims of church membership numbers based on past baptismal statistics used, for example, for the purpose of securing legislative privilege."
It seems that churches in the UK are using baptismal statistics to prove their remaining cultural significance. However, many people were baptized as babies, but never made the choice themselves to be Christians. Their parents decided to have them listed as adherents of Christianity without their permission.
Why is debaptism important? If people don't believe in the supernatural power of dunking babies under water, why should they need to take place in any act of removing baptism from themselves?
It seems that churches are refusing to remove people from lists of baptized people, even when people request that their own names be removed. So, people who had baptism imposed on them during their childhood are seeking a way to create a compensatory public statement of their own, that they can no longer be claimed by Christian churches as part of the "flock".
Still, it seems that people have a quite easy way of entering the public record these days – by writing online and having their words archived by Google, Archive.org, and the other organizations that cache the Internet. Wouldn't it be more significant for people to write of their nonChristianity in their own words, with their own explanations of their personal histories and motivations, rather than just filling their name in and signing a certificate someone else wrote for them?
Sure, but then the National Secular Society wouldn't get to sell debaptism certificates for 3 pounds each.