Scala Map class examples (adding, removing, updating, iterating)
Here's a quick look at how to use the Scala Map class, with a collection of Map class examples.
The immutable Map class is in scope by default, so you can create an immutable map without an import, like this:
val states = Map("AL" -> "Alabama", "AK" -> "Alaska")
To create a mutable Map, import it first:
var states = scala.collection.mutable.Map("AL" -> "Alabama")
Adding, removing, and updating mutable Map elements
The following examples show how to add, remove, and update elements in a mutable Scala Map:
// create an empty map
var states = scala.collection.mutable.Map[String, String]()
// create a map with initial elements
var states = scala.collection.mutable.Map("AL" -> "Alabama", "AK" -> "Alaska")
// add elements with +=
states += ("AZ" -> "Arizona")
states += ("CO" -> "Colorado", "KY" -> "Kentucky")
// remove elements with -=
states -= "KY"
states -= ("AZ", "CO")
// update elements by reassigning them
states("AK") = "Alaska, The Big State"
Iterating over Scala maps
Once you have a Map, you can iterate over it using several different techniques. I prefer using the for loop (or for-comprehension):
scala> val m1 = Map("fname" -> "Al", "lname" -> "Alexander")
scala> for ((k,v) <- m1) printf("key: %s, value: %s\n", k, v)
key: fname, value: Al
key: lname, value: Alexander
This page has some other Map and for-loop examples, which I've reproduced here:
// version 1 (tuples)
m1 foreach (x => println (x._1 + "-->" + x._2))
// version 2 (foreach and case)
m1 foreach {case (key, value) => println (key + "-->" + value)}
You can choose whatever format you prefer.
A few more ways to iterate over a Scala Map
To demonstrate a more "real world" example of looping over a Scala Map, while I was working through some programming examples in the book, Programming Collective Intelligence, I decided to code them up in Scala.
To begin with, I defined my Scala Map like this:
val p1Ratings = Map(
 "Lady in the Water"-> 3.0,
 "Snakes on a Plane"-> 4.0,
 "You, Me and Dupree"-> 3.5
In my case, when I'm iterating over the Map I'm really just interested in the Map keys, so the cleanest way to loop over every Map element is like this:
p1Ratings.keys.foreach( (movie) =>
 if (p2Ratings.contains(movie)) similarItems += (movie -> true)
While I chose that looping method in my code, I could also use the "tuples" approach, where movie is a Tuple, and I only use the first element of the Tuple, which happens to be my keys:
p1Ratings foreach ( (movie) =>
 if (p2Ratings.contains(movie._1)) similarItems += (movie._1 -> true)
In that approach, I ignore the second element of each Tuple, because I don't need it. (Which is why I don't like this approach for this instance.)
In a similar approach, I loop over the Map as shown next, creating a field named rating1 which I again don't use because I don't need it:
for ((movie1, rating1) <- p1Ratings) {
 if (p2Ratings.contains(movie1)) similarItems += (movie1 -> true)
These last two approaches will work better, and look a little more logical, if you need to access the key and value for each map element, but in my case, since I don't need to values, I'm using the first approach shown above.
Summary: Scala Map classes
In summary, I hope these Scala Map class examples have been helpful. As you can see, it's easy to create and use a Scala Map.


text:
In graph theory, Yen's algorithm computes single-source K-shortest loopless paths for a graph with non-negative edge cost. The algorithm was published by Jin Y. Yen in 1971 and employs any shortest path algorithm to find the best path, then proceeds to find K − 1 deviations of the best path.
Terminology and notation
|The size of the graph, i.e., the number of nodes in the network.|
|The node of the graph, where ranges from to. This means that is the source node of the graph and is the sink node of the graph.|
|The cost of the edge between and, assuming that and.|
|The shortest path from to, where ranges from to. Then, where is the 2nd node of the shortest path and is the 3rd node of the shortest path, and so on.|
|A deviation path from at node, where ranges from to. Note that the maximum value of is, which is the node just before the sink in the shortest path. This means that the deviation path cannot deviate from the shortest path at the sink. The paths and follow the same path until the node, then edge is different from any path in, where ranges from to.|
|The root path of that follows that until the node of.|
|The spur path of that starts at the node of and ends at the sink.|
The algorithm can be broken down into two parts, determining the first k-shortest path,, and then determining all other k-shortest paths. It is assumed that the container will hold the k-shortest path, whereas the container, will hold the potential k-shortest paths. To determine, the shortest path from the source to the sink, any efficient shortest path algorithm can be used.
To find the, where ranges from to, the algorithm assumes that all paths from to have previously been found. The iteration can be divided into two processes, finding all the deviations and choosing a minimum length path to become. Note that in this iteration, ranges from to.
The first process can be further subdivided into three operations, choosing the, finding, and then adding to the container. The root path,, is chosen by finding the subpath in that follows the first nodes of, where ranges from to. Then, if a path is found, the cost of edge of is set to infinity. Next, the spur path,, is found by computing the shortest path from the spur node, node, to the sink. The removal of previous used edges from to ensures that the spur path is different., the addition of the root path and the spur path, is added to. Next, the edges that were removed, i.e. had their cost set to infinity, are restored to their initial values.
The second process determines a suitable path for by finding the path in container with the lowest cost. This path is removed from container and inserted into container and the algorithm continues to the next iteration.
The algorithm assumes that the Dijkstra algorithm is used to find the shortest path between two nodes, but any shortest path algorithm can be used in its place.
function YenKSP(Graph, source, sink, K): // Determine the shortest path from the source to the sink. A = Dijkstra(Graph, source, sink); // Initialize the set to store the potential kth shortest path. B = ; for k from 1 to K: // The spur node ranges from the first node to the next to last node in the previous k-shortest path. for i from 0 to size(A[k − 1]) − 2: // Spur node is retrieved from the previous k-shortest path, k − 1. spurNode = A[k-1].node(i); // The sequence of nodes from the source to the spur node of the previous k-shortest path. rootPath = A[k-1].nodes(0, i); for each path p in A: if rootPath == p.nodes(0, i): // Remove the links that are part of the previous shortest paths which share the same root path. remove p.edge(i,i + 1) from Graph; for each node rootPathNode in rootPath except spurNode: remove rootPathNode from Graph; // Calculate the spur path from the spur node to the sink. // Consider also checking if any spurPath found spurPath = Dijkstra(Graph, spurNode, sink); // Entire path is made up of the root path and spur path. totalPath = rootPath + spurPath; // Add the potential k-shortest path to the heap. if (totalPath not in B): B.append(totalPath); // Add back the edges and nodes that were removed from the graph. restore edges to Graph; restore nodes in rootPath to Graph; if B is empty: // This handles the case of there being no spur paths, or no spur paths left. // This could happen if the spur paths have already been exhausted (added to A), // or there are no spur paths at all - such as when both the source and sink vertices // lie along a "dead end". break; // Sort the potential k-shortest paths by cost. B.sort(); // Add the lowest cost path becomes the k-shortest path. A[k] = B; // In fact we should rather use shift since we are removing the first element B.pop(); return A;
The example uses Yen's K-Shortest Path Algorithm to compute three paths from to. Dijkstra's algorithm is used to calculate the best path from to, which is with cost 5. This path is appended to container and becomes the first k-shortest path,.
Node of becomes the spur node with a root path of itself,. The edge,, is removed because it coincides with the root path and a path in container. Dijkstra's algorithm is used to compute the spur path, which is, with a cost of 8. is added to container as a potential k-shortest path.
Node of becomes the spur node with. The edge,, is removed because it coincides with the root path and a path in container. Dijkstra's algorithm is used to compute the spur path, which is, with a cost of 7. is added to container as a potential k-shortest path.
Node of becomes the spur node with a root path,. The edge,, is removed because it coincides with the root path and a path in container. Dijkstra's algorithm is used to compute the spur path, which is, with a cost of 8. is added to container as a potential k-shortest path.
Of the three paths in container B, is chosen to become because it has the lowest cost of 7. This process is continued to the 3rd k-shortest path. However, within this 3rd iteration, note that some spur paths do not exist. And the path that is chosen to become is.
To store the edges of the graph, the shortest path list, and the potential shortest path list, memory addresses are required. At worse case, the every node in the graph has an edge to every other node in the graph, thus addresses are needed. Only addresses are need for both list and because at most only paths will be stored, where it is possible for each path to have nodes.
The time complexity of Yen's algorithm is dependent on the shortest path algorithm used in the computation of the spur paths, so the Dijkstra algorithm is assumed. Dijkstra's algorithm has a worse case time complexity of, but using a Fibonacci heap it becomes, where is the number of edges in the graph. Since Yen's algorithm makes calls to the Dijkstra in computing the spur paths, where is the length of spur paths. In a condensed graph, the expected value of is, while the worst case is. The time complexity becomes.
Yen's algorithm can be improved by using a heap to store, the set of potential k-shortest paths. Using a heap instead of a list will improve the performance of the algorithm, but not the complexity. One method to slightly decrease complexity is to skip the nodes where there are non-existent spur paths. This case is produced when all the spur paths from a spur node have been used in the previous. Also, if container has paths of minimum length, in reference to those in container, then they can be extract and inserted into container since no shorter paths will be found.
Eugene Lawler proposed a modification to Yen's algorithm in which duplicates path are not calculated as opposed to the original algorithm where they are calculated and then discarded when they are found to be duplicates. These duplicates paths result from calculating spur paths of nodes in the root of. For instance, deviates from at some node. Any spur path, where, that is calculated will be a duplicate because they have already been calculated during the iteration. Therefore, only spur paths for nodes that were on the spur path of must be calculated, i.e. only where ranges from to. To perform this operation for, a record is needed to identify the node where branched from.
- Yen's improvement to the Bellman–Ford algorithm
- Yen, Jin Y. (1970). "An algorithm for finding shortest routes from all source nodes to a given destination in general networks". Quarterly of Applied Mathematics. 27 (4): 526–530. doi:10.1090/qam/253822. MR _PHONE_.
- Yen, Jin Y. (Jul 1971). "Finding the k Shortest Loopless Paths in a Network". Management Science. 17 (11): 712–716. doi:10.1287/mnsc.17.11.712. JSTOR _PHONE_.
- Fredman, Michael Lawrence; Tarjan, Robert E. (

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
A Kontakion (also kondakion, kondak, and kontak; plural kontakia, kondakia) is a type of thematic hymn in the Orthodox Church and other Eastern Christian churches. Originally, the kontakion was an extended homily in verse consisting of one or two proemia (preliminary stanzas) followed by several strophes, usually between 18 and 24. The kontakia were so long that the text was rolled up on a pole for use in the services -- the genesis of the name kontakion, which means "from the pole" in Greek. It is typical of the form that each of the proemia and strophes end with the same refrain. Acrostics are also a hallmark of this hymnographic form.
In current practice, the kontakion has been greatly abbreviated. Only the (first) proemium and first strophe are sung or read after the sixth ode of the canon at orthros. The proemium alone is sung at the Divine Liturgy, following the troparia, and most other services of the daily cycle. The kontakion is not sung at vespers.
According to tradition, Saint Roman the Melodist wrote the first kontakion, the Kontakion for the Birth of Our Lord, by divine inspiration. Legend aside, Roman established the kontakion in the form it retained for centuries, and he is the most famous composer of kontakia.
- Today the Virgin gives birth to the Transcendent One,
- And the earth offers a cave to the Unapproachable One!
- Angels with shepherds glorify Him!
- The wise men journey with a star!
- Since for our sake the Eternal God was born as a Little Child!
- —Kontakion for Christmas, Roman the Melodist
- Find kontakion on OrthodoxWiki - See the pages on saints or feast days for other Kontakion.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
FOM: organizing; Boolean rings; signature
pratt at cs.Stanford.EDU
Fri Mar 20 14:39:32 EST 1998
From: Till Mossakowski
>Lawvere theories and monads are indeed more complex than standard signatures.
Certainly anyone who's worked with standard signatures long enough finds
them not at all complex ("what else could you possibly use instead?").
But those who've worked with Lawvere theories for a comparable length of
time are likely to disagree with you, even if they've spent the same
amount of time with signatures.
Merely saying that something is a category seems automatically to make
it seem a more complex notion, regardless of whether it actually is
complex or not.
So let me fling categories out the window and describe Lawvere theories
in ordinary set theoretic language.
A Lawvere theory T consists of terms and equations, both defined on
an arbitrary graph G (strictly speaking a multigraph, one that permits
multiple edges between two vertices, in the manner of e.g. automata).
The terms of T are defined to be the paths in G. The equations take
the form of an arbitrary congruence on those paths with respect to path
That's *all* a Lawvere theory is. There is nothing else. The notion
is delightfully simple.
All this is just as for the ordinary signature-based approach, except
that (i) we have defined terms as paths in a graph instead of as
expressions. and (ii) in place of the usual definition of "signature" as
"family of arities" and the explanation of how terms are built up from
signatures, we instead simply rely on the reader's intuition about how
paths in a graph work. (They form a partial monoid under concatenation,
but it would never occur to a non-logician computer scientist to define
"path in a graph" that formally, the notion is too obvious.)
In an earlier message on Lawvere theories I gave three examples of this
nonalgebraic kind, namely simplicial sets, cubical sets and locomotives
An *algebraic* Lawvere theory is more complicated, as befits algebra.
It has the additional constraints that (i) the vertices of the graph
are the natural numbers, and (ii) for each vertex n there is a family
 of n edges from vertex n to vertex 1, called the
*projections* of n. The projections collectively have the properties
that (a) for any vertex m and family of n edges from
vertex m to vertex 1, there is at least one edge e from m to n such that
the path ep_i from m to 1 is congruent to q_i, and (b) all edges e from
m to n satisfying (a) are congruent.
In the same earlier message, I gave three examples of algebraic Lawvere
theories, namely empty signature, Boolean algebras, and commutative
rings with unit.
Speaking as someone comfortable with graph theory, I don't find the
concept of a congruence (with respect to path concatenation) on the paths
of a graph to be terribly complicated. However I am starting to form
the impression from this discussion that what is pretty simple to some
people is complicated to other people, and even "incredibly complicated"
Paradoxically this is correlated with their ability to draw important
distinctions that I can't. :)
More information about the FOM


60-year laser theory overturned
Quantum theorists have overturned a 60-year old theory about how lasers work that could fundamentally remove the Heisenberg Limit on coherence in these important and ubiquitous devices.
The coherence of a laser beam is essentially the number of photons that are emitted consecutively into the beam with the same phase. It determines how well a laser performs in various precision tasks, such as controlling all the components of a quantum computer.
Artist: Ludmila Odintsova
However, researchers from Griffith University and Macquarie University in Australia writing in the journal Nature Physics have now shown that new quantum technologies open the possibility of making this coherence vastly larger than was thought possible.
"The conventional wisdom dates back to a famous 1958 paper by American physicists Arthur Schawlow and Charles Townes," explains Howard Wiseman. "They showed theoretically that the coherence of the beam cannot be greater than the square of the number of photons stored in the laser. But they made assumptions about how energy is added to the laser and how it is released to form the beam," adds Wiseman. "The assumptions made sense at the time, and still apply to most lasers today, but they are not required by quantum mechanics."
The new work shows that the true limit imposed by quantum mechanics is that the coherence cannot be greater than the fourth power of the number of photons stored in the laser. The researchers have now demonstrated through numerical simulation how this might be achieved, which could lead us to a "super laser".
"Our work raises many interesting questions," said Wiseman, "such as whether it could allow more energy-efficient lasers. That would also be a great benefit, so we hope to able to investigate that in the future."


text:
The U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) has launched a new Vehicle Cost Calculator and accompanying widget.
These online tools are now available on DOE's Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicles Data Center (AFDC), currently celebrating its 20th anniversary.
The AFDC helps consumers, fleet managers, and local governments find and compare energy-saving vehicles that can reduce their petroleum consumption. By providing a variety of tools, databases, and informational resources on vehicles powered by alternatives to gasoline and diesel, the AFDC helps users buy the efficient vehicles that are right for them.
The latest addition to the Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicles Data Center (AFDC) is the Vehicle Cost Calculator, an easy-to-use tool that allows users to compare emissions and lifetime operating costs of specific vehicle models, including conventional cars and trucks, as well as vehicles running on alternative fuels such as electricity, ethanol, natural gas, or biodiesel.
With the new calculator, which was developed by DOE's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), car shoppers, small business owners, and fleet managers can make side-by-side comparisons between thousands of conventional, electric drive, and alternative fuel vehicles from model year 1996 and newer.
The calculator also lets users enter information such as driving habits, local ZIP code, price of fuel, and potential tax credits to personalize their results. The tool then presents a comparison of the selected models, displaying the total lifetime ownership costs of the vehicles and the breakdown of the lifetime operating costs between fuel and maintenance costs.
It also calculates the operational cost per mile and greenhouse gas emissions over time for the vehicles.
By helping potential buyers evaluate the long-term costs and benefits of various fuels and vehicle options now on the market, they can choose the vehicles and technologies that best suit their needs.
The calculator's widget version gives other organizations outside DOE an easy way to add a simplified alternative fuel and emissions calculator to their own website, and it links to the full calculator for users interested in a more detailed analysis.
In addition to the cost calculator, the AFDC features more than 20 other online tools. The Alternative Fueling Station Locator and its mobile version allow users to search for fuel stations and charge points in a specific region or along a set route.
Light and heavy duty vehicle searches provide information about currently available alternative fuel and advanced technology vehicles, from sedans to school buses.
The laws and incentives search provides information on state and federal laws, including tax credits, and allows users to sort by technology, location, type of user, or type of policy.
Alternative Fuel Vehicles Offer Fleet Operators Lower Total Cost of Ownership, According to Pike Research Analysis
Also hedges against future fuel price shocks.
Attendees receive tools to improve business and the region's air quality


text:
Welcome to our blog! Today we will delve into the fascinating world of African fashion and explore the symbols and meanings of African designs. Whether you are passionate about fashion or simply curious to discover new cultures, this post is for you. African fashion is much more than just an aesthetic choice, it is full of history, tradition and deep symbols. We will therefore explore the hidden meanings behind these vibrant and colorful patterns, and discover how they contribute to the expression of African cultural identity. So, prepare to be inspired and amazed by the richness of African fashion and its unique designs!
The best sellers of African fashion
What is African fashion?
African fashion is a unique and diverse style that reflects the richness and diversity of African cultures. It stands out for its vibrant patterns, vibrant colors and traditional fabrics. African fashion is much more than just a set of clothes; it is a means of cultural expression, self-affirmation and celebration of African identity.
The history of African fashion
African fashion has a long history dating back thousands of years. The earliest examples of African fashion date back to ancient Egypt, where locals wore elaborate and decorated clothing. Over time, African fashion has been influenced by trade with other cultures, migratory movements and political developments.
The evolution of African fashion
Over the past few decades, African fashion has undergone a remarkable renaissance. African designers have begun to tap into their cultural roots to create modern clothing that embodies the essence of African fashion. Traditional patterns, such as wax prints, kente and bogolans, are used in creative and innovative ways to create unique and contemporary pieces.
The importance of African fashion
African fashion plays an essential role in African culture. Here are some of the reasons why it is so important:
- Assertion of identity : African fashion allows Africans to celebrate their cultural heritage and connect to their roots. Traditional clothing is worn with pride to assert one's African identity.
- Job creation : The African fashion industry contributes to job creation and economic development in Africa. Many African artisans and tailors are involved in the production of African clothing, which stimulates the local economy.
- Promotion of fair trade : African fashion highlights fair and sustainable business practices. Many African fashion brands work closely with local artisans and cooperatives, ensuring fair working conditions and fair pay.
- Innovation and creativity : African fashion is fertile ground for innovation and creativity. African designers are pushing the boundaries of fashion by combining traditional techniques with modern elements, resulting in unique and avant-garde designs.
The symbols and meanings of African motifs
African designs are renowned around the world for their beauty and complexity. These patterns are often used in crafts, fashion and decoration, and they are rich in symbolism and deep meanings. In this section, we will explore the different types of African designs and what they represent in African culture.
Geometric patterns are one of the most commonly used types of designs in African art. They are characterized by geometric shapes such as straight lines, circles and triangles. These patterns can be simple or complex, and they are often used to represent abstract concepts such as harmony, balance, and interconnectedness.
Symbols and meanings of African geometric patterns include:
- Straight lines: represent stability and direction.
- Circles: symbolize eternity and unity.
- The triangles: represent the trinity and creation.
Animal motifs are very popular in African art. They often depict wild animals such as lion, elephant, leopard and crocodile. These designs are used to symbolize strength, courage, wisdom and the importance of family bonds.
Symbols and meanings of African animal designs include:
- The lion: represents courage and strength.
- The elephant: symbolizes wisdom, longevity and memory.
- The leopard: represents cunning and agility.
- The crocodile: symbolizes protection and fertility.
Tribal designs are specific to each African tribe and often represent their history, customs and beliefs. Each tribal pattern is unique and has specific meaning to the tribe that created it.
The symbols and meanings of African tribal designs vary from tribe to tribe, but some common designs include:
- Concentric circles: symbolize unity and community.
- Zigzags: represent journey and growth.
- The chevrons: symbolize protection and security.
The influence of African fashion around the world
African fashion is increasingly present on the international scene, and its influence continues to grow. African designers have been able to impose their unique and authentic style, and their work has revealed the richness and diversity of African culture throughout the world. In this section, we will explore this growing influence of African fashion in detail.
African designers who have succeeded in breaking through on the international scene
Several African designers have managed to make a name for themselves on a global scale, and have helped to popularize African fashion. Here are some of the most iconic designers:
- Duro Olowu : This Nigerian-British designer has gained international fame for his bold and colorful designs, inspired by African art and traditional fabrics.
- Laduma Ngxokolo : Originally from South Africa, Laduma Ngxokolo is known for his knitted creations, which highlight the traditional patterns and colors of Xhosa culture.
- Lisa Folawiyo : This Nigerian designer is famous for her creations mixing traditional African fabrics, such as wax, with modern and contemporary cuts.
The impact of African fashion in the fashion industry
The influence of African fashion is not only limited to African designers who succeed in breaking through on the international scene. Indeed, African fashion has also inspired many world-renowned designers and brands. Here are some of the major impacts of African fashion in the fashion industry:
- The popularization of wax : Wax, a colorful and printed fabric, has become a true symbol of African fashion. Many international designers and brands have integrated wax into their collections, helping to popularize this unique fabric.
- Promoting artisanal know-how : African fashion highlights traditional artisanal skills, such as hand dyeing, embroidery or weaving. This promotion of artisanal techniques has made it possible to preserve these ancestral know-how and give them new visibility.
- The diversity of patterns and colors : African fashion is characterized by its richness in patterns and colors. This diversity has become a source of inspiration for many designers, who now integrate African motifs into their collections.
How to Incorporate African Patterns into Your Wardrobe
African designs have become increasingly popular in the fashion world in recent years. These vibrant, colorful designs are not only beautiful, but they also represent rich history and culture. If you're interested in incorporating these designs into your wardrobe, here are some tips to help you do so in a way that's stylish and respectful of African culture.
Choose designs that speak to you
When deciding to incorporate African designs into your wardrobe, it's important to choose ones that speak to you and reflect your personal style. There is a wide variety of African designs, ranging from traditional designs to modern and contemporary designs. Take the time to discover the different designs and choose the ones that you like the most. This will make you feel comfortable and confident when wearing these clothes.
Opt for versatile pieces
To incorporate African patterns into your wardrobe in a practical way, opt for versatile pieces. For example, an African skirt can be worn with a basic white t-shirt for a casual look, or paired with a stylish blouse for a special occasion. Look for clothes that can be easily integrated into your existing wardrobe and can be worn in different ways.
Mix Patterns with Neutral Pieces
When wearing African designs, you can mix them with neutral pieces to create visual balance. For example, you can wear an African print shirt with black pants or a plain skirt to draw attention to the statement piece. Using neutral pieces will also highlight African designs and create a more sophisticated look.
Accessorize with African pieces
If you are not ready to wear clothes with African designs, you can always incorporate these designs into your wardrobe by opting for African accessories. Jewelry, handbags and scarves are great ways to add an African touch to your outfit. Look for handmade accessories by African artisans to support local communities and to have unique and authentic pieces.
Be respectful of African culture
When incorporating African designs into your wardrobe, it is important to be respectful of African culture. Avoid wearing sacred or religious designs if you don't understand their meaning, and be sure to support brands and designers who collaborate with African artisans ethically. By showing respect and cultural sensitivity, you will be able to fully enjoy the aesthetic of African designs.
Benefits of incorporating African designs into your wardrobe
Incorporating African designs into your wardrobe can have many benefits, including:
- Add a touch of color and vibrancy to your wardrobe
- Show your appreciation for African culture
- Support African artisans and small local businesses
- Create unique and original outfits
- Stand out from standardized and commercialized fashion
By following these tips, you will be able to incorporate African patterns into your wardrobe in an elegant way that respects African culture. Whether through clothing or accessories, let African designs add a touch of color and culture to your personal style.
African motifs: a rich and deeply symbolic cultural heritage
In conclusion, we explored the symbols and meanings of African designs, discovering their cultural and historical significance. These designs offer deep insight into spirituality, identity and connection with nature in different African cultures.
It is essential to recognize and respect the authentic meaning of these designs and to use them appropriately and respectfully. African fashion offers a unique opportunity to incorporate these designs into our clothing, allowing us to share and celebrate the richness of African culture.
It is recommended to explore the creations of African designers, purchase clothing made in Africa and support businesses that value and preserve these traditional designs. By integrating these patterns into your wardrobe, you contribute to the dissemination of cultural diversity and the recognition of African heritage.
In short, African patterns are much more than just aesthetic patterns. They are a means of communication, expression and celebration of African culture. So, don't hesitate to


text:
Most importantly, "There is no Frigate like a Book" is a celebration of the power of reading. Reading is great! Reading is fun! Reading is the best way to escape your dull, humdrum life, and go out and "see" the world! In fact, the poem even slyly suggests that reading might be better than actual travel – after all, it immediately announces that "There is no Frigate like a Book" (line 1), suggesting that a book even tops a real ship. This poem ecstatically shows us just how amazing books are, and reminds us that we shouldn't take reading for granted, even though it's just a simple, everyday activity. After all, whether you're just seeking a little escapist vacay, or longing to transport your soul to a distant, mystical realm, books are the only way to get there.
In "There is no Frigate like a Book," Dickinson mainly addresses literature from the perspective of readers, and does not address the role of writers. In doing so, she suggests that it is ultimately the reader who makes a book what it is.
In some ways, Dickinson is making fun of the act of reading.


Install An Electric Water Heater
Faulty, worn out or simply too old, changing your water heater can improve comfort and reduce your energy costs. Provided you get help because of the heavyweight of the water heater, you can easily replace it yourself.
Expanded, Equipment and Accessories for a Water Heater
Before installing your water heater, find out how the water flows through the device and its various equipment:
And here is the positioning of the main equipment and accessories of the water heater
 1. The pressure relief valve
 2. The security group
 3. The siphon and its drain pipe
 4. The expansion tank
 5. The dielectric insulating fitting
 6. The temperature limiter or thermostatic mixer
The pressure relief valve
If the pressure of the "cold water" network exceeds 3 bars (300 kPa), the pressure limiter will prevent damage to your water heater by reducing this excess pressure.
The security group
The safety group is compulsory equipment for all-electric storage water heaters. It protects the water heater from overpressure caused by the expansion of water during its rise in temperature (pressure and volume of water). Its lifespan is around 5 years.
Remember to activate the safety group every month, letting a little water run out to check that it is working properly.
 - Stainless steel safety group or standard safety group (brass)
The standard brass safety group is inexpensive and easy to use. On the other hand, it is sensitive to corrosion. You should, therefore, avoid choosing it if your water is very hard or very hard.
The stainless steel safety group is recommended if your water is very hard or very aggressive, there is no risk of corrosion. Its cleaning must be entrusted to a professional.
 - Angled safety group or straight safety group
The angled safety group is suitable for water heaters whose connections are located on the side.
The right safety group is suitable for vertical water heaters and certain horizontal models.
Change a security group
The siphon and its drain pipe
The security group is equipped with a siphon and a drain. At the end of the regulation of the water pressure at the level of the safety group, they make it possible to recover and evacuate the surplus water that the pipes cannot contain. The siphon and the drain pipe are also essential for the occasional emptying of the water heater.
The expansion tank
The sanitary expansion tank is not compulsory equipment but it is strongly advised if you want to reduce the wear of the safety group as well as to save water and energy. It effectively minimizes the volume of water lost via the safety group by absorbing the pressure increase created during the heating cycle. The water is thus collected in the expansion tank and then reinjected into the circuit instead of flowing through the siphon and the discharge pipe.
The right info
The capacity of the expansion tank depends on that of your water heater.
 - For a 100 to 150 liter tank, count an 8-liter expansion tank.
 - For a 150 to 200 liter tank, count an 11-liter expansion tank.
 - For a 200 to 300 liter tank, count a 25-liter expansion tank.
The dielectric insulating fitting
To avoid corrosion by an electrolysis phenomenon due to contact between different metals, it is desirable to install a dielectric insulating connection between the tubing of the tank and the safety group, as well as at the hot water outlet of the tank.
The temperature limiter or thermostatic mixer
 1. It is a safety device that prevents the risk of burns by limiting the temperature of the domestic hot water to 50 ° C at the draw-off points. It is mandatory for new, heavy renovations or to supply a hot water network with PER. This accessory adds cold water to the hot water leaving the cumulus to limit the temperature of the water leaving the taps to 50 ° C.
The tripod
 1. The use of a tripod ensures the stability of your water heater, in addition to the wall mounting. It is essential if you plan to fix your water heater on a plasterboard partition. It is highly recommended for 300-liter tanks.
The day-night contactor for electrical storage systems
 1. The day/night switch allows you to save money by triggering your water heater during off-peak hours. However, it requires a compatible electrical subscription. Note that the contactor can also be connected to an old installation.
Are you looking best water heater installer? Fort collins water heater pros is the best water heater installer in Fort collins
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The 8 things we do to invite burglars to steal our stuff?
Nobody wants to get robbed, but most people don't realize all the ways they're making their houses ATTRACTIVE to burglars. HouseLogic.com has a list of eight things people do that make it easier for burglars to rob you:
1. Leaving a ladder in the yard. Burglars can easily get around a lot of home security systems by getting into a second-story window that isn't wired in. So don't leave a ladder sitting outside in your yard, where anyone can get to it.
2. Leaving new appliance and electronics packaging out on the curb. When you get a new TV and leave the box outside next to your garbage, EVERYONE knows you just got a new TV. The week after Christmas, burglars basically get to pick what they want to steal. The houses with boxes on the curb and no cars outside are just ASKING to be cleaned out.
3. Having flimsy wood-panel doors on back or side entrances. Burglars often get in by just kicking a hole in a back or side door. So every door should be steel-wrapped and deadbolted... or at least it should be solid wood that can't be kicked in.
4. Hanging a mirror in your entryway. Think about it: A mirror FACING your front door allows people to look in through a window, and see whether your alarm is set. If you need to have a mirror by the door, hang it where it can't be seen from outside.
5. Leaving the grass uncut. Never go on a long vacation without getting someone you trust to maintain your yard, and pick up mail and newspapers. Also, don't leave the garage door opener in your second car, if it's going to stay in the driveway or on the street. If your garage is attached, a burglar can break your car window and use the opener to walk right into your house.
6. Using a fire safe. Don't put your valuables into a lockbox or fire safe and leave it sitting in the closet. That's like putting everything the burglars want into a convenient carry case for them. Use a wall safe, or get a safe deposit box at the bank.
7. Updating your Facebook status. Think about all the "friends of friends" nearby who'll know exactly where you are when you post something online. And don't upload your vacation photos until you get BACK FROM VACATION. If you're using Foursquare or any other GPS-based apps that let you "check in" at a certain location, keep track of your security settings and only allow trusted friends to see your posts.
8. Selling things on Craigslist. When you're selling something locally, the worst thing you can do is invite complete strangers INTO YOUR HOUSE to look at it. If they like it, they can just pick it up and run with it... or worse, steal it at gunpoint. If you don't know the buyers, arrange to meet them in a public place.


ic or a hyperbolic problem, depending on the geometry of the mapping $g$.
Example: Before considering the general case, it's worth pausing to consider a simple example to illustrate where the analysis will take us: Let $\Sigma$ be the $xy$-plane and consider the two maps $f_\pm:\Sigma\to\mathbb{R}^3$ defined by $$ f_\pm = \bigl(x,y,\tfrac12(x^2\pm y^2)\bigr). $$ These have $g_\pm = \rho(f_\pm) = (1,0,x){\wedge}(0,1,\pm y)\ dx{\wedge}dy$. We want to find the immersions $f:\Sigma\to\mathbb{R}^3$ that satisfy $\rho(f)=g_\pm$. Well, such an $f$ will have to satisfy $$ df = (1,0,x)\ \xi + (0,1,\pm y)\ \eta = (\xi,\eta,\ x\xi{\pm}y\eta\ ) $$ for some $1$-forms $\xi$ and $\eta$ that satisfy $\xi\wedge\eta=dx\wedge dy$ and are such that $d(df)=0$. Now, this latter equation implies $d\xi=d\eta=d(x\xi{\pm}y\eta)=0$, and so, assuming that a local solution is defined on a simply-connected open set $U\subset\Sigma$, one can then write $\xi = dp$ and $\eta = \pm dq$ for some functions $p$ and $q$ on $U$. The remaining equations on $p$ and $q$ then become $0=d(x\xi{\pm}y\eta)=dx\wedge dp + dy\wedge dq$ and $dp\wedge dq = \pm dx\wedge dy$. This is two PDE on $p$ and $q$ that can be written as a single Monge-Ampère equation by setting $p = u_x$ and $q = u_y$ (which works because $d(p\ dx + q\ dy) = 0$) and then the remaining equation becomes $u_{xx}u_{yy}-u_{xy}^2 = \pm 1$, the classic Monge-Ampère equation. This is, of course, elliptic for $g_+$ and hyperbolic for $g_-$. (We will see how this is reflected in the general analysis below.) The general solution to $\rho(f)=g_\pm$ is then $$ f = (u_x,\ \pm u_y,\ xu_x+yu_y-u ) $$ where $u$ satisfies $u_{xx}u_{yy}-u_{xy}^2 = \pm 1$.
Now, I'm going to do the general analysis in terms of the moving frame and exterior differential systems, simply because that's the way I understand it and am most comfortable computing. Of course, one can avoid this, but I'm too lazy (and short on time) to do that now.
So fix a nondegenerate $g\in \Omega^2\bigl(\Sigma,\Lambda^2(V)\bigr)$. I'm going to define a bundle $P_g\to\Sigma$ whose elements will consist of the quadruples $(x;e_1,e_2,e_3)\in\Sigma\times V\times V\times V$ such that the $e_i$ are a basis of $V$ and, moreover, $e_1\wedge g(x) = e_2\wedge g(x) = 0$. On $P_g$, there exists a nonvanishing $2$-form $\Phi$ such that $g = e_1{\wedge}e_2\ \Phi$. This $\Phi$ is semi-basic for the projection to $\Sigma$ and hence is a multiple of any nonvanishing $2$-form on $\Sigma$ pulled up to $P_g$. Note that $P_g$ is a right $G_1$-bundle over $\Sigma$, where $G_1\subset\mathrm{GL}(3,\mathbb{R})$ is the subgroup that consists of matrices $A\in \mathrm{GL}(3,\mathbb{R})$ that are $(2,1)$-block upper triangular, i.e., $A^3_1=A^3_2=0$.
Now, one has the usual structure equations $de_a = e_b\ \eta^b_a$, which satisfy $d\eta^a_b = - \eta^a_c\wedge\eta^c_b$. (The summation convention always in force. I'll use the index ranges $1\le a,b,c \le 3$ and $1\le i,j,k \le 2$.) Since $g$ is a vector-valued $2$-form on a surface, one has $dg=0$, and expanding this using the structure equations yields $$ 0 = dg = e_1{\wedge}e_2\ \bigl(d\Phi + (\eta^1_1+\eta^2_2)\wedge\Phi\bigr) + e_3{\wedge}e_2\ \eta^3_1\wedge\Phi + e_1{\wedge}e_3\ \eta^3_2\wedge\Phi, $$ so $\eta^3_1\wedge\Phi=\eta^3_2\wedge\Phi=0$. Now, the hypothesis that $[g]:\Sigma\to\mathbb{RP}^2$ be an immersion is equivalent to $\eta^3_1{\wedge}\eta^3_2$ being nonvanishing, Consequently, $\Phi = \lambda\ \eta^3_1{\wedge}\eta^3_2$ for some nonvanishing function $\lambda$ on $P_g$. One easily computes that, for $A\in G_1$, $$ R_A^*\lambda = \left(\frac{A^3_3}{A^1_1A^2_2-A^2_1A^1_2}\right)^2\lambda, $$ so the sign of lambda is constant on the fibers of $P_g$ and the equation $\lambda=\pm1$ defines a subset $P_g'\subset P_g$ that will be a right $G_2$-bundle over $\Sigma$, where $G_2\subset G_1$ is the subgroup consisting of those $A\in G_1$ that satisfy $A^3_3 = \pm(A^1_1A^2_2-A^2_1A^1_2)$.
I'll say that $g$ is of elliptic (resp. hyperbolic) type if $\lambda = +1$ (resp. $\lambda=-1$) on $P_g'$. (The reasons for these designations will become apparent below.)
Since $\Phi = \pm \eta^3_1{\wedge}\eta^3_2$ on $P_g'$, the structure equations plus the identity $0=d\Phi + (\eta^1_1+\eta^2_2)\wedge\Phi$ now show that $(\eta^3_3-\eta^1_1-\eta^2_2)\wedge\eta^3_1{\wedge}\eta^3_2=0$, so $\eta^3_3=\eta^1_1+\eta^2_2+b^1\eta^3_1+b^2\eta^3_2$ for some functions $b^1$ and $b^2$ on $P_g'$. The structure equations now show that the equations $b^1=b^2=0$ define a $G_3$-subbundle $P_g''\subset P_g'$, where $G_3\subset G_2$ is the subgroup consisting of those $A\in G_2$ with $A^1_3=A^2_3=0$. (This is the last reduction I will need to do to complete the calculation.)
Our goal now is to find $1$-forms $\eta^1$ and $\eta^2$ on $P_g''$ satisfying the equations $$ d(e_1\ \eta^1 + e_2\ \eta^2) = 0\qquad\text{and}\qquad e_1{\wedge}e_2\ \eta^1{\wedge}\eta^2 = g = \pm e_1{\wedge}e_2\ \eta^3_1{\wedge}\eta^3_2\. $$
If we can do this, then, at least locally, $e_1\ \eta^1 + e_2\ \eta^2 = df$ for some $V$-valued function $f:\Sigma\to V$ such that $\rho(f) = g$, and this will solve our problem.
Of course, the second equation is just $\eta^1\wedge\eta^2 = \pm\ \eta^3_1{\wedge}\eta^3_2$, while using the structure equations to expand the first equation yields $$ 0 = e_1 (d\eta^1 + \


to 1
# if B was a true probability function
ShouldBe1 := add(op~(2, PointwiseB)):
# Normalize B:
PointwiseB := [ seq([x, B(rhs~(NE)[]) / ShouldBe1], x in [$0..Xmax]) ]:
evalf(add(op~(2, PointwiseB)));
# Draw the approximate cumulative function
c := CumulativeSum(op~(2, PointwiseB));
ApproximateCDF := zip((u, v) -> [u[1], v], PointwiseB, convert(c, list)):
plot(ApproximateCDF); # not an exact representation... should be a stepwise function
c := Vector(4, {(1) = ' 1.. 101 '*Array, (2) = 'Data Type: '*float[8], (3) = 'Storage: '*rectangular, (4) = 'Order: '*Fortran_order})
# Sample ApproximateCDF:
# 1/ draw u from a Uniform(0, 1)
# 2/ find the
U := RandomVariable(Uniform(0, 1)):
ListTools:-BinaryPlace(op~(2, ApproximateCDF), Sample(U, 1)[1]);
SampleB := map(u -> ListTools:-BinaryPlace(op~(2, ApproximateCDF), u), Sample(U, 1000));
SampleB := Vector(4, {(1) = ' 1.. 1000 '*Vector[row], (2) = 'Data Type: '*anything, (3) = 'Storage: '*rectangular, (4) = 'Order: '*Fortran_order})
[0 = 550, 1 = 177, 2 = 92, 3 = 42, 4 = 24, 5 = 16, 6 = 13, 7 = 10, 9 = 5, 8 = 9, 11 = 7, 10 = 7, 13 = 3, 12 = 3, 15 = 3, 14 = 2, 19 = 1, 17 = 2, 22 = 4, 23 = 1, 20 = 1, 21 = 1, 27 = 1, 26 = 1, 31 = 3, 30 = 2, 36 = 1, 39 = 2, 33 = 3, 34 = 1, 44 = 2, 41 = 1, 40 = 2, 42 = 1, 63 = 1, 56 = 1, 73 = 1, 77 = 1, 67 = 1, 90 = 1, 94 = 1]
scale := MAX/B0;
window := [0..20, default]:
 Histogram(SampleB, frequencyscale=absolute, discrete, thickness=10),
 plot(scale*B(rhs~(NE)[]), x=0..1, color=red, thickness=3),
 plot(scale*B(rhs~(NE)[]), x=1..100, color=red, thickness=3),
plot(scale*B(rhs~(NE)[]), x=0..1, adaptive=true)
Sorry, you're right, I forgot the "1/3" in the coefficient of x^3.
Not applicable: see tomleslie's answer
You got a wrong result with Optimization:-NLPSolve (?)
Given fexact is monotone decreasing over [0, 2] and its values are between [0, 1], given fapp is monotone increasing on [0, 2] with fapp(2) > 6789*2, it is obvious that the the maximum M of abs(fapp-fexact) is reached for x=2.
Then M = subs(x=2, fapp-fexact) = - sin(2)/2 which is about 30543.54535 and not 2827.54535.
Using instead Optimization:-Maximize( abs(fapp-fexact), x=0..2) returns the good value.
More of this: your two calculations (L2 norm and L1 norm) give strangely the same result: could it be that Optimization:-Maximize( abs(fapp-fexact), x=0..2, maximize) does not do what you were expecting for?
I apreciate these non-gurus explanations.
Thanks Tom
Thanks acer for all these technical explanations.
For my understanding: I guess than you writting :-'+'(a, b) is a shortcut for Tolerances:-'+'(a, b) isn't it?
If so, is it not an unsafe way to proceed ifyou use two different packages containing different functions with the same name (I recently met this situation with packages simplex and geom which both contain functions named convexhull)?
_USER_ Love
I had noticed the '+' returned by the command line < with(Tolerances); > but I forgot that '+' does not operate on a list but on a sequence; thus I forgot to use op or [] before running '+'.
I like your ('+'_USER_) solution, easier to understand than using subsindets(Z, :-'+', '+');
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The Order: 1886 Launch Trailer
By |
The Order 1886
Ready at Dawn's upcoming action-adventure third-person shooter, The Order: 1886 hits the stores globally tomorrow and we've got the launch trailer.
"Rewrite the past in this unique vision of Victorian London where advanced weaponry is used to battle a powerful and ancient foe."
In the game's history, around the seventh or eighth centuries, a small number of humans took on bestial traits. The majority of humans feared these half-breeds and war broke out.
King Arthur and his like-minded knights take the fight to the half breeds, but Arthur soon realizes it's a losing battle. Through a mysterious turn of fate, The Knights discover Black Water, a mystical liquid that significantly extends their lifetimes and gives them remarkable healing abilities.
Despite this new advantage the half breeds continue to win battle after battle until the industrial Revolution turns the tide. Inventors are far ahead of their time, inventing technologies such as thermal imaging, Zeppelins, and wireless communications.
The Order: 1886 is set to launch on February 20, 2015, exclusively for the PlayStation 4.
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text:
ABSTRACT: We have investigated a diastereoselective self-replicating system based on a cycloaddition of a fulvene derivative and a maleimide using a two-pronged approach of combining NMR spectroscopy with computational modelling. Two diastereomers are formed with identical rates in the absence of replication. When replication is enabled, one diastereomer takes over the resources as a "selfish" autocatalyst, while exploiting the competitor as a weak "altruist", resulting in a diastereoselectivity of 16:1. We applied 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques supported by ab initio chemical shifts as well as ab initio molecular dynamics simulations to study the structure and dynamics of the underlying network. This powerful combination allowed us to decipher the energetic and structural rationale behind the observed behaviour, while static computational methods currently used in the field did not.
Chemistry 01/2011; 17(2):468-80. · 5.93 Impact Factor


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ALFREDO AZCARATE VARELA
THE BAJA POST/EDITOR
A container with radioactive isotope Iridium-192 was stolen from the facilities of Radiografía y Ultrasonido de Veracruz S.A. in Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, the serial number of the container is T0431 with an activity of 63.55 Curies, so the National System of Civil Protection issued an Alert for Chihuahua, Sonora and Baja California, three States on the border MEX-USA.
Captain Rene Rosado, Mexicali Civil Protection Director, said that the theft took place in Sonora, there was an immediate alert in the aforementioned Mexican states, it's mainly used in radiology and cancer treatment, and he said that the National System of Civil Protection issued the Alert notice.
Exposure to Iridium-192 can increase the risk for cancer because of its high-energy gamma radiation. External exposure can cause burns, acute radiation sickness, and even death. Internal exposure could occur only if a person were to swallow one of the Ir-192 seeds or pellets, which would obviously be lethal. (SOURCE: _URL_
A dirty bomb or radiological dispersal device, can be manufactured using Iridium-192, it is a speculative radiological weapon that combines radioactive material with conventional explosives, which purpose is to contaminate the area around the dispersal agent/conventional explosion with radioactive material, however, it is not to be confused with blast effects far in excess of what is achievable by the use of conventional explosives. (SOURCE: _URL_


text:
A few years ago, [Frédéric]'s brother in law wanted a guitar tuner for Christmas. Instead of going out and buying one, [Frédéric] broke out the soldering iron and built one from scratch.
[Frédéric]'s tuner is built around an ATMega168 uC on a Real Bare-Bones Board with an LM386 amplifier. The display is a standard 20×2 LCD character display, and the interface is torn from the pages of stomp box schematics with a very hefty foot switch.
Detecting the frequency of a note played into [Frédéric]'s tuner involves a fair bit of math. To measure the frequency, the Arduino samples the waveform coming from the input jack. This signal is delayed for a fraction of a second and the area underneath the real and delayed waveforms is measured. This delay slides across the original waveform until the area between the real and delayed samples are minimized. At that point, delayed wave form will be exactly one cycle behind the real signal, and the cycles per second can be calculated. It's called the YIN algorithm, and you can read more about it here.
Since [Frédéric] already knew the exact frequency being played into the tuner, he figured it would be trivial to add a small analog audio to MIDI converter. This feature (as shown in the video after the break) turns the sounds from a guitar into MIDI notes. It's monophonic and probably a little superfluous, but still very cool.


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NPR's Backseat Book Club is back! And we begin this round of reading adventures with a cherished classic: Black Beauty by Anna Sewell. Generations of children and adults have loved this book. With vivid detail and simple, yet lyrical prose, Black Beauty describes both the cruelty and kindness that an ebony-colored horse experiences through his lifetime — from the open pastures in the English countryside to the cobblestone grit of 19th-century England.
Sewell wanted the reader to see the world from a horse's point of view and so Black Beauty tells his own story in these pages. His wise observations and unvarnished candor reveal much about both human nature and animal suffering. Black Beauty was born at a time when horse power fueled almost everything: wars, agriculture, transportation, construction and factory work. Horses pulled barges. They hauled coal and granite. And they were also seen as a measure of wealth; the way one rode atop a stiffly controlled horse could convey style and stature. All of this meant horses were both exalted and often pushed past the point of exhaustion.
To better understand how Sewell's book became a children's classic and an animal rights manifesto we turned to Pulitzer Prize-winning novelist Jane Smiley, who has written several books about horses herself — her latest is called Pie in the Sky. Smiley also rides and grooms horses and has re-opened the pages of Black Beauty several times in her lifetime. The book, she says, offers different lessons in adulthood than when she first picked it up as a child. But Smiley says the central themes of courage, perseverance and the power of kindness are timeless.
"Black Beauty helped people see animals in a new way," Smiley says. "As soon as you say that an animal has a point of view, then it's very difficult to just go and be cruel to that animal.... [It showed] readers that the world is full of beings who should not be treated like objects."
Beasts Of Burden
Black Beauty, as his name suggests, was prized for his size and strength. But when misfortune comes, he is sold to a series of different owners. Some handlers are kind and show him love and respect. Others are careless or worse — callous. When Black Beauty is rode hard over dark roads by a drunken groom, he stumbles, looses a shoe and injures his legs. Though still beautiful, he is less valuable and ends up in London, pulling a carriage through teeming, dirty streets — a far cry from the green meadows of his youth.
Through his journeys, Black Beauty encounters several equine friends. There's Peggy, who's often whipped because her legs are short and her gait is slow. Ginger is temperamental, but for good reason: She was beaten as a colt. After being badly injured by a cart on the wrong side of the road, Rory dreams of retirement but is instead sent to haul coal.
"It's almost impossible for us to understand now that we have motorized vehicles all the things that horses did," Smiley says. "Anything that had to be moved — no matter how heavy it was — was moved by a horse. They just performed every function in society... and society couldn't function without them."
Many of the stories are hardscrabble. The humans who control the horses are often flawed. But the friendships among the horses glow with courage and dedication. And instead of just painting easy villains and heroes, Sewell takes care to explain the conditions that often lead to cruelty — from the vanity of the rich to the financial hardships for cab drivers to the role that alcohol played in unraveling the humans' lives.
An Animal Autobiography
Black Beauty was first published in 1877 and was written in the last years of Sewell's life. Sewell, a Quaker born in Yarmouth, England, followed in the footsteps of her mother, Mary Wright Sewell, who wrote several popular books for children. When it was first published, Black Beauty was not necessarily intended for children. Sewell hoped to send a message to adults who controlled how horses were cared for.
Due to illness, Sewell was unable to walk easily so she depended on horse-drawn carts to move about for most of her life.
"She loved to drive the family pony and she loved to talk to the pony as if the pony could understand her," Smiley says. It's likely that Sewell based Beauty's character on Bess, a spirited black horse owned by the Sewell family. "Everybody in the family was quite fond of her," Smiley says.
Sewell's decision to write the book as an "animal autobiography" was quite novel in Victorian England, and the little green book with the sad-looking horse on the cover was released to great fanfare. Promoters in the U.S. brought a pirated edition of the book to America hoping it would do for animal rights what Uncle Tom's Cabin had done for slavery. Within two years, 1 million copies of Black Beauty were in circulation in the U.S., and animal rights activists regularly passed copies of the book to horse drivers and stable hands.
Black Beauty is widely credited with helping to change the way horses were cared for. There is little doubt that the book helped hasten the abolishment of the "bearing rein" — a strap used to pull a horse's head in toward its chest to force the appearance of a noticeable arch of the neck. (This was a highly desired look in aristocratic society, but it created great pain and difficulty for the horses. The animals could not use their neck and chest muscles to pull weigh properly or to breathe correctly. The unnatural arch weakened the horses and usually led to respiratory problems.) Black Beauty also placed a harsh spotlight on the practice of "docking" or cutting short a horses tail, largely for the sake of appearances — a practice that is still widely debated.
One of the things we love best about Black Beauty is that it is a great book for generations to read together. Parents and even grandparents can revisit a book they loved as children to read along with our book club members. We'd love to hear your thoughts about Black Beauty. (Have you ever considered writing an animal or insect biography to explore the world from another point of view?)
We also want to hear your questions about our next book club pick. For November we will be reading a modern-day best-seller, The Red Pyramid by Rick Riordan, whose other books include the Percy Jackson & The Olympians series. Riordan, a former English and history teacher, uses all he learned in the classroom to educate young readers while entertaining them with rip-roaring adventure. In 2011, Riordan received the Children's Choice Book Award for Author of the Year. We can't wait to put your questions to this author to learn more about how he crafts such successful books.


text:
Turkish Philosophy and Water: Time and Ground
When we examine the spirit of the Turkish people conceptually, we encounter two interesting results. The first is the concept of person, and the second is the concept of heart. In all other languages, the concept of human appears as a soil / soil-based word as homo, humus, human, while the concept of water-based dynamic person is used only as a different concept in Turkish language; The person is related to the person (otter) who lives on the water's edge in the wetlands in the south of Siberia.
The texts that were put forward philosophically in Farabi were expressed by verses in Yunus Emre. Our human journey, which started with a quiche (otter) on the water edges of the south of Siberia, took its final form with Yunus Emre in Sivrihisar town of Asia Minor.
In Yunus Emre's 417 poems, Turkish, which defines human and the universe with all seven concepts, has now found its consistency and has gained the highest level of expression.
The fixed and dynamic personality differences, which are permitted by different etymological origins of humus (soil) and Kis (otter), are also the contrasts of uniform (uniform) and binflower (hercai) richness. This is the difference between the "unity" of the individual, the selfishness and the richness of the selfish.
Turks dominated 3 continents in terms of ground. They are in constant motion on the ground. While time flows like water, the Turks are constantly flowing on the ground. The expression of human in the West with the concept of earth-based human shows its constancy in space, its dependence on space, and the concept of water-based person in the Turkish tradition, shows the flow of time on the floors.
The fluidity of contact with water explains the Turks 'being a nomadic tribe, the Turkish states being an umbrella state, the Turks' adaptability, their ability to synthesize and transform themselves and other tribes.
The West represents settled societies and space, Turks represent nomadism and time. (Jalal Tahir)
Humus: Latin humus is an extract from the word "soil".
Homo, Homin: Terrestrial, Human
The word Adam (Human) is etymologically much older than the Arabic human and Latin terms homo, humanus. While the term humanist was first used by the Italian poet Lodovicio Ariosto (_PHONE_), this word was derived from the Latin humanus "human" word.
The Latin word is derived from the Latin word homo, homin- "'belonging to the land', human".
The two basic characteristics of human beings, namely the basing of life and death on the basis of water, have been effective in the formation of the mentality that enabled the Turks to spread in waves all over the ancient world. When water is used in order, it still exists.
When it goes out of order, it disappears. Similarly, Turks continued their existence when they became states, and when they were stateless, they dissolved like water. Source: Ayhan Bıçak. Turkish Thought 1: Origins. Dervish. Istanbul. 2013.
Göktürk-centered ancient Turks developed two basic ideas about human being, "being water-based" and "being created". Both of these appear to have been used in harmony. However, water origin may be more accepted among the public. It is clear that God is somehow involved in each stage of water origination.
When we look at the place of man in the concept of the universe, it is seen that he is given meaning with one of the four elements, water, the source of life.
Kish, which is the root of the person used to mean human in ancient Turkish, was used to mean sable and quiver.
The Siberian swamp otter Kisioğlu may have been instrumental in the emergence of the term. It seems possible to establish a connection between the person who points to the marsh sable and the person who means human.
Person and person must have been derived from the resemblance between the reed area near the water where the sable lives and the people living in a forest with abundant water. Thus, the living space has become the origin of the term human.
Considering the forests and rivers among the determining features of the settlement or the country in the Göktürks strengthens this connection. In addition, the fact that the origin myths are directly or indirectly related to water strengthens the idea that human beings are of water origin. Ayhan Bıçak. Turkish Thought 1: Origins. Dervish. Istanbul. 2013.ss.42


30 Input/output library [input.output]
30.5 Iostreams base classes [iostreams.base]
30.5.3 Class ios_base [ios.base] ios_base callbacks [ios.base.callback]
void register_callback(event_callback fn, int index);
Effects: Registers the pair (fn, index) such that during calls to imbue() ([ios.base.locales]), copyfmt(), or ~ios_base() ([ios.base.cons]), the function fn is called with argument index. Functions registered are called when an event occurs, in opposite order of registration. Functions registered while a callback function is active are not called until the next event.
Requires: The function fn shall not throw exceptions.
Remarks: Identical pairs are not merged. A function registered twice will be called twice.


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taken to mean that the tomato is moving relative to Hare. Assume, then, that P2* is given the following true interpretation: the tomato is moving relative to Tortoise. However, Hare does not have to perceive that the tomato is moving relative to Tortoise in order to perceive (correctly) the tomato's motion — perceiving it as not moving relative to himself will also suffice. Hence, Hare's and Tortoise's experiences can both be veridical, despite representing the tomato's motion differently, which is to say that Argument B* is invalid.
One might diagnose a similar mistake in Argument B, and thus endorse relativism about color. According to relativism the tomato is not red simpliciter: rather, it is red relative to Nonvert (not green relative to Nonvert), and green relative to Invert (not red relative to Invert). In other words, the tomato is simultaneously red-for-Nonvert and green-for-Invert. Since, on this view, the tomato looks red-for-Nonvert to Nonvert, and red-for-Invert to Invert, both their experiences are veridical, despite representing the tomato differently.
What is this property of being red-for-Nonvert? The usual answer is something along the lines of the account of appearance properties in Shoemaker 2002: something is red-for-Nonvert iff it is disposed to cause experiences with R in perceivers of Nonvert's kind. And this, of course, is essentially the "secondary quality" account of color that many find in Locke. Sometimes relativism is combined with representationalism (McGinn 1983, Tye 1994), but it arguably fits more naturally with phenomenism (McLaughlin 2003, Cohen 2004).
Shoemaker did not block Argument B in this straightforward fashion because he finds relativism implausible. As he puts it in a review of McGinn 1983:
Suppose…that overnight we all undergo intrasubjective 'spectrum inversion'…It cannot seriously be maintained that the result of the change would be that henceforth grass is red, port wine green, etc. And it is plausible that, once we were accustomed to the change, we would no longer say that grass looks red (for it would look the way we had become accustomed to having green things look). This point is even clearer if we imagine that we undergo intrasubjective inversion one at a time rather than all of us at once. (1986, 411)
Like the argument for appearance properties, the argument for relativism can be made by appeal to shifted spectra (see, in particular, Cohen 2004). Averill 1992 argues for a version of relativism using physically possible intrapersonal shifted spectra scenarios, involving a slight change in the eye, or in the atmosphere.
The "inverted spectrum" quotation from Locke in subsection 2.2 above continues:
I am nevertheless very apt to think, that the sensible Ideas, produced by any Object in different Men's Minds, are most commonly very near and undiscernibly alike. For which Opinion, I think, there might be many Reasons offered: but that being besides my present Business, I shall not trouble my Reader with them; but only mind him, that the contrary Supposition, if it could be proved, is of little use, either for the Improvement of our Knowledge, or Conveniency of Life; and so we need not trouble our selves to examine it. (1689/1975, II, xxxii, 15)
It is regrettable that Locke did not trouble his Reader, because it is not at all clear what reasons may be offered.
Let p be the claim that when others look at ripe tomatoes, their experiences have QR. Let S be a spectrum inversion scenario with the following simple feature: when others look at ripe tomatoes, their experiences have QG, not QR. (So p and S are incompatible.) Consider the following skeptical argument:
P1. One's evidence about others' behavior and use of color words does not favor p over S.
P2. One has no other evidence that favors p over S.
P3. If one's evidence does not favor p over S, one does not know p.
C. One does not know p.
Although philosophers have generally not been impressed by similar arguments for skepticism about the external world, there is little consensus on the status of arguments along the above lines. For example, Block writes: "I claim we simply do not know whether spectrum inversion obtains or not" (1990, 57). Argument C is less threatening than some other skeptical arguments because, even if sound, generalizations of it to skepticism about other kinds of mental states are implausible. For example, a parallel argument against one's knowledge of other's beliefs would have a dubious first premise.
P1 will be denied by an orthodox representationalist. Setting a controversial skepticism about testimony aside, presumably one can know on the basis of testimony that tomatoes look red to many people. (See Shoemaker 1982, 334.) So, since orthodox representationalism equates QR with the property of being an experience of something's looking red, one may know on the basis of testimony that when others look at tomatoes, their experiences have QR.
Some philosophers think that the fact that others are biologically similar to oneself is an important piece of evidence for their mental similarity (see, e.g., Hill 1991, Ch. 9), and P2 might be denied on these grounds (see, e.g., Papineau 2002, 132). For more discussion, see Block 2002.
Many philosophers think there is an "explanatory gap" (Levine 1983, 2001) between physical facts and facts about conscious experience. On this view, even if consciousness is a physical phenomenon, it cannot be given a physical explanation. Inverted spectrum scenarios often play a role in arguments for the gap:
Let's call the physical story for seeing red "R" and the physical story for seeing green "G…" When we consider the qualitative character of our visual experiences when looking at ripe McIntosh apples, as opposed to looking at ripe cucumbers, the difference is not explained by appeal to G and R. For R doesn't really explain why I have the one kind of qualitative experience — the kind I have when looking at McIntosh apples — and not the other. As evidence for this, note that it seems just as easy to imagine G as to imagine R underlying the qualitative experience that is in fact associated with R. The reverse, of course, also seems quite imaginable. (Levine 1983, 356-7)
The argument for the gap suggested by Levine 1983 can be set out as follows:
P1. If a physical theory T explains the fact that we have experiences with QR when looking at McIntosh apples, and experiences with QG when looking at cucumbers, then it is not imaginable that the explanans holds without the explanandum. That is, it is not imaginable that T holds and we do not have experiences with QR when looking at McIntosh apples (etc.).
P2. A red-green spectrum inversion scenario in which T holds is imaginable.
C. No physical theory explains the fact that we have experiences with QR when looking at McIntosh apples, and experiences with QG when looking at cucumbers.
Notice that Argument D does not have as a premise a spectrum inversion hypothesis — that a certain spectrum inversion scenario is possible. All the argument requires is that the spectrum inversion scenario is imaginable. Indeed, since Levine is a physicalist, he thinks that this scenario is not possible.
What is the intended interpretation of 'imagine' in P1 and P2? (In the literature 'conceive' is used interchangeably.) The usual answer (Levine 2001, Ch. 2) is this: p is imaginable iff not-p is not a priori. On this interpretation, P1 amounts to this: it is a priori that if the explanans holds, so does the explanandum; that is, that the explanans a priori entails the explanandum. This can be motivated by appeal to the "deductive-nomological" model of explanation (see Hempel 1965, and the entry on scientific explanation); this model is controversial, and in fact Levine rejects it, but he argues that there is a broader motivation:
From the brief survey of current theories of scientific explanation just presented, I think the following claim can be justified: in a good scientific explanation, the explanans either entails the explanandum, or it entails a probability distribution over a range of alternatives, among which the explanandum resides. (2001, 74)
One might resist Argument D by denying P2 (for some ammunition, see Hardin 1987; 1993, 134-42; for a reply see Levine 1991; see also Hardin 1991). A much more common response is to deny P1 (Block and Stalnaker 1999; for a reply see Chalmers and Jackson 2001).
One exegetical complication is that Levine himself now denies P1, while continuing to maintain the existence of the explanatory gap on the basis of an argument related to Argument D, although somewhat more complicated (2001, Ch. 3). And in any case, just like the inverted spectrum argument against behaviorism, functionalism and physicalism (see subsection 3.1 above), inverted spectrum scenarios are not playing an essential role in the case for the gap, and indeed Levine 2001 leans more heavily on "absent qualia" scenarios: "The conceivability of zombies…is the principal


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Calendar for December 2026 (United States)
Phases of the Moon: 1: 8: 17: 23: 30:
- Calendar Generator – Create a calendar for any year.
- Custom Calendar – Make advanced customized calendars
- Calendar for 2022
- Printable Calendar (PDF) – Calendars especially made for printing
- Duration Between Two Dates – Calculates number of days.
- Date Calculator – Add or subtract days, months, years
- Birthday Calculator – Find when you are 1 billion seconds old


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Why God Made Teachers? God understood our thirst for knowledge, and our need to be led by someone wiser; He needed a heart of compassion, of encouragement, and patience; Someone who would accept the challenge regardless of the opposition; Someone who could see potential and believe in the best in others... So He made Teachers.
Misbehavior…..? For some students, misbehaving is the only way of gaining attention. Most commonly, these students are the ones who speak out without permission, arrive late for class, or make strange noises which force class or teacher attention.
Children will quiet down when the teacher is quiet and waiting for their attention
Try to find at least one thing you can respect each student for - even if it's just showing up at school
It's not what you teach, but how you teach it that makes all the difference
Have a good balance of discipline and humour with the children
Never get into a power struggle with your students
How we can help? More than being a director, assertive teachers build positive, trusting relationships with their students and teach appropriate classroom behaviour (via direct instruction...describing, modelling, practicing, reviewing, encouraging and rewarding) to those who don't show it at present


Medical Negligence Solicitors in Derby - Medical Negligence Direct
Medical Negligence Solicitors in Derby
 If you have suffered an injury or illness due to medical negligence in Derby, then you need to talk to a medical negligence solicitor. We work with medical negligence solicitors in Derby with years of experience in the medical injury claim field. As such, they help people to obtain compensation for their injuries from medical accidents.
 We understand that suffering from an illness or injury can be daunting and life-changing. It is even more devastating when it is no fault of your own. If you have suffered injury through someone else's negligence, then we can help you receive the best possible compensation, as well as provide the support you need to rebuild your life. We have some of the best medical negligence solicitors in Derby with expert knowledge and extensive experience of obtaining positive results.
 What is Medical Negligence?
 No matter how high the standards of care and treatment in our health service, things can sometimes go wrong. Medical negligence is a situation whereby a person receives substandard treatment from medical professionals, either directly causing an injury or making an injury worse. Medical negligence can also happen if a patient has been misdiagnosed, received the wrong treatment, or suffered a mistake made in surgery.
 An action on medical negligence must be able to prove the following elements
 - The health institution owed you a duty of care as a patient.
 - The doctor or health institution acted negligently, breaching that duty of care.
 - Resultant injury to the patient as a result of the breach of duty.
 In practice, medical negligence may occur in any healthcare setting, whether it is due to negligent behaviour on the part of a surgeon, GP, dentist, nurse, clinician, or any other medical professional, environments in which medical malpractice may occur include; GP practice, NHS hospitals, private clinics, care homes, dental practice, and pharmacies. The consequences of these incidents can often have a significant impact on those affected.
 Medical Negligence Claims in Derby
 Pursuing a medical negligence claim in Derby can go a long way in ensuring you are fairly compensated for the negligent medical treatment you have received. In order for your claim to be successful, we need to prove that; the healthcare professional in question failed to adequately carry out their duties and you have suffered avoidable harm as a result of negligence.
 Medical negligence claims are usually subjected to a 3 years' time limit that starts from the moment you first knew you received medical negligent care. A different time limit applies to cases that involve children or individuals that lack the mental capacity to pursue compensation. Our team of medical negligence solicitors can advise you on the specific requirements that apply to your case.
 Suing for medical negligence can be a very daunting process and that is why we provide the best medical negligence experts in derby to ensure that your case runs as smoothly as possible. The first step is to get in touch with us, and one of our team of medical negligence solicitors can conduct a free no obligation consultation with you in Derby. They will talk with you about what happened and listen to your experience so that they see if making a claim is a good choice.
 This information that is shared is treated with privacy and would only be used only by our medical negligence solicitors dealing with your inquiry. Whether you have been hurt due to substandard care or cancer misdiagnosis, the Medical Negligence Direct is here to ensure that you are paid every penny of compensation you need to make the best recovery possible.
 Types of Medical Negligence Claims
 In Derby, our medical negligence solicitors can help whether you are claiming against the NHS or private practice. Furthermore, whether your treatment was elective or essential, you should never endure financial penalty alone simple because of someone else' mistake. We handle many different types of claims including;
 Birth Injury Compensation Claims
 Medical professionals have a duty of care in which they must take the maximum precautions and necessary action to ensure that a patient's welfare is a priority. If you or your child has been injured or harmed during childbirth due to mistakes or the negligence of a nurse, midwife, obstetrician, surgeon, consultant, or other healthcare providers, you could be entitled to make a birth injury compensation claim.
 Birth injury compensation claims usually have the benefit of funding through legal aid with parents having to pay nothing. Such claims are often high-value claims such as cerebral palsy claims, medical negligence stillbirth, or erb's palsy claims, but claims can be brought for any value. Usually they involve obtaining expert evidence from medical experts such as obstetricians, paediatricians, and neurologist and midwifes. The claim is brought by the child's litigation friend, who is usually one of the child's parents. Any settlement must be approved by a judge to ensure that the child receives the correct level of compensation.
 NHS Claims
 If a medical professional has provided substandard treatment and care to you, which has resulted in an injury or worsening of your medical condition, then, our medical negligence solicitors in Derby can help you make medical negligence compensation Claims against NHS. We can also make claims against private hospitals that have provided substandard care.
 The thought of suing the NHS can be frightening but with us, you have nothing to worry about. Claim against the NHS aims to try and put you back in the same position that you were in had the negligence not occurred. By claiming compensation for NHS clinical negligence, you may also highlight the lack of suitable medical care you received to reduce the risk of the same thing happening to someone else.
 NHS Complaints Procedures:
 If you injury occurred at an NHS hospital you have a right to request a thorough investigation of your complaint. You should also receive information about the outcome and any subsequent action the hospital may take. If your accident was a result of the unlawful treatment you can request a judicial review. It is not necessary to go through NHS formal system before you put forward a hospital injury claim. Nevertheless, it is beneficial if you do as their investigation will give a good understanding of whether your injury was due to negligence and you are therefore eligible to claim compensation.
 While making a compensation claim against the NHS complaint for negligence can help you answer and reassurance that no one needs to go through what you did, it can take several months to resolve. As there is a strict statutory limit of three years in which to submit a request for compensation that may be the time you don't want to waste. It is possible to file a complaint and begin a compensation claim simultaneously. Even if the outcome of the investigation into your complaint is that your care was negligent, the NHS complaint process cannot pay you compensation also, a successful compensation claim wills not necessarily lead to any changes in the hospital practice or discipline of the person responsible.
 Hospital Compensation Claims
 If you believe you have experienced medical negligence that could have been avoided, our panel of medical negligence solicitors in Derby could be of assistance. There is a variety of ways in which you could endure injury or harm in a hospital, and some of the causes could be as a result of the negligence of a medical professional. For example, if you have received an incorrect diagnosis or incorrect medicine for an injury or illness, it could worsen your prior condition.
 In the event this occurs, it is the prime example of neglect action, and you could be eligible for compensation. Depending on the injury or harm these wrongful actions have caused, our panel of medical negligence solicitors in Derby could assist you when claiming for compensation.
 GP Negligence Claims
 General practice claims result from medical negligence by a general practitioner (GP). Our medical negligence solicitors have successfully pursued cases against general practitioners for negligence. Many people are reluctant to sue for medical malpractice against GP through loyalty or concern over future treatment. But the impact of GP negligence and the need for care and financial assistance can be similar to hospital negligence.
 GP Negligence Claims include:
 - Failure to investigate symptoms
 - Failure to refer to a specialist
 - Failure to act on test results
 - Poor record-keeping
 - Inappropriate prescribing of drugs or failure to review medication.
 - Failure to attend a home visit.
 Surgeon Negligence Claims
 Surgical negligence happens when surgeons or other medical professionals make mistakes during your operation leaving you with further problems or injuries. Your surgery and care should meet certain standards, but sometimes mistakes are made.
 If you are wondering whether you can make an unnecessary surgery compensation claim, the simple answer is yes. In a situation where the surgeon or medical professional performed the wrong operation or operated on the wrong body part, you could be eligible to seek unnecessary surgery compensation.
 Cauda Equina Claims
 Cauda Equina syndrome is a serious condition that results in permanent paralysis if not treated promptly and correctly. It is a rare condition that occurs when nerves in the lower spine become compressed and start to swell. As it is a rare condition, it can be difficult to spot. Surgery is needed to treat the condition as soon as possible; otherwise, the consequences could be as severe as permanent paralysis.
 Cauda equina syndrome can be very devastating as it affects the quality of life. It may lead to series of problems like bowel and sexual dysfunction as well as permanent loss of bladder, and the resulting neurological pain that cause patients their relationships. If you have suffered a medical negligence delay in treatment or an inaccurate diagnosis for it, you may be entitled to make a compensation claim. Our cauda equine solicitors can help you secure the compensation you deserve.
 No Win No Fee Medical Negligence Solicitors in Derby
 Our medical negligence solicitors in Derby will advise, support and represent you to the best


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Top 10 Articles
Possible Certainty: Or, The Skeptics Are Being Impossible
Certainty is possible, but it is a possible kind of certainty: We must form our concept of certainty based on the real needs and abilities of real human minds.
In this recorded webinar, presented on April 30, 2012, Alexander R. Cohen shows what certainty is and how we can attain it. Drawing on the Objectivist theory of concepts, he discusses justification and standards of proof. He explains the differences between possibilities and non-possibilities, and between each of these and impossibilities.
Format: 54-minute slide show with audio. 24 minutes lecture plus 30 minutes recorded question-and-answer.


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May 6, 2005
NEW ORLEANS - Tulane University Health Sciences Center received a grant of nearly $1.5 million over five years from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases to study the genes of a parasite present in 10 - 30 percent of the world's population. The parasite, Toxoplasma gondii, causes toxoplasmosis, a serious illness for people with weakened immune systems.
In people who are immunocompromised, toxoplasmosis can produce severe infections of the brain that may lead to death. Toxoplasmosis is one of the most common opportunistic parasitic infections in AIDS patients. It also causes serious infections in organ and bone marrow transplant recipients.
Principal investigator Tyler Curiel and co-investigators Michael Brumlik and Shuang Wei recently cloned the first T. gondii gene from an important gene family.
"By identifying the genes in this family, we have identified targets for new, broadspectrum drugs to treat parasitic infections," says Curiel, chief of the section of hematology and medical oncology at Tulane. "Our studies also suggest that this family of genes may be suitable as targets for the development of novel malaria treatments, which we are currently investigating."
Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118 _PHONE_ _EMAIL_


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The workshop below was written by Kathryn Hurley at Google and is a brilliant guide to how to get started with Fusion tables.
Fusion Tables is a modern data management web application making it easy to host, manage, collaborate on, visualize, and publish data tables online. Follow the steps below to upload your own data to Fusion Tables and create a map!
Embed Map Visualization in web page
Google Maps API Fusion Tables Layer
- Download the zip file here: zip.
- Unzip. Zip file includes:
- population.csv – Population data for zip codes around the bay area
- embedded_map.html – Basic HTML page
- Go to Google Docs
- If you have not already created a Google account, create a Google account and then sign in
- Select Create -> Table (Beta)
- Click Choose File.
- Browse to find the population.csv file.
- Click Next >>.
- Click Next >> again.
- Update the Table name to Bay Area Population. Add any attribution data and/or change the description.
- Click Finish.
- The file will upload to Fusion Tables. Here's an example of what the table will look like in Fusion Tables:_URL_
Now that you have the Bay Area population data in Fusion Tables, we're going to merge with a table containing the zip code boundaries. Fusion Tables has special handling for KML (Keyhole Markup Language) that is used to represent geographical features such as points, lines and polygons / boundaries. The table containing zip code boundaries has two columns we are interested in: one for the zip code labeled "name" and one labeled "geometry" where each cell has KML for the corresponding boundary. We can use these boundaries to represent the locations when they are put on the map, otherwise they will only be points on the map.
- Make sure you have the Population table open in your browser.
- In the Population table, select Merge.
- Paste the following URL in the Text box under Merge with: _URL_
- Click the Get button.
- Select the columns you want to merge on. Make sure the radio button next to Zip is selected in the left column, and select the radio button next to name in the right column. These columns both have zip codes in the same format. Merge works by looking for exact string matches in the selected columns and then linking matching rows together.
- Enter a table name for your merged table in the text box next to Save as a new table named. Suggested name: Bay Area Population merged with KML.
- Click Merge tables.
- Select Visualize > Map. You may initially see "data loading" messages. Wait a minute and zoom in or refresh to see the correct images.
- Click on one of the polygons on the map to see what is displayed in the InfoWindow.
Now let's customize the content in the InfoWindow.
- Click on Configure info window.
- Deselect all checkboxes except for the 2 next to Zip and Population. Notice how the HTML in the right panel is updated as you do this.
- Select the Custom tab.
- Update the HTML to the following:
- Click Save.
- Click on one of the zip code boundaries. The InfoWindow content should be similar to the following:94403Population: 37919
Now add some styling to the map to create an interesting visualization of the data.
- Click Configure styles.
- Select Fill color under Polygons in the left column.
- Select the Gradient tab.
- Select the radio button next to Show a gradient.
- In the drop-down menu next to Column, select Population.
- In the text box next to Through, enter the number 90900.
- Select any colors you want in the drop-down menus or keep the default.
- Click Save when done.
- The map will be updated with the new style.
- Click the Share button in the top right corner.
- Select the radio button next to Unlisted or Public. The visibility will be updated immediately on selection.
- Close the window.
- Open the embedded_map.html file using a Text Editor (please ensure Rich Text Format is off). This file is in the zip file you downloaded at the beginning of this tutorial.
- Go to Map visualization page for the example create above (if you have closed the window, find the table in your docs list at docs.google.com, reopen it and click on Visualize -> Map)
- Click on "Get embeddable link". You should see the following (your table id will be different):
- Select the text in the box "". Copy the text.
- Go to the embedded_map.html text editor and paste the select text below the line "Bay Area Population with Embedded Map". The file should now look like:
- Save the file and open it in a browser. You should now see:
- First, find the Table ID for your table. You can do this by:
- Selecting File > About. The Table ID is the value next to Numeric ID:.
- Open the map.html file using a Text Editor (please ensure Rich Text Format is off). This file is in the zip file you downloaded at the beginning of this tutorial.
- Find the line that reads:var tableid = XXXXXX;
- Replace the XXXXXX with your Table ID.
- Review the code. The code creates a new Map and a FusionTablesLayer to display on the Map.
- Save your updates.
- Open the map.html file in a browser. You should see your Fusion Table data on the map.
- Now, update the query sent to the Fusion Table Layer to include a filter. To do so add the "where" clause below, just after line 40 as follows:
select: 'geometry',from: tableid,
where: 'Population > 40000′
- Shape Escape: _URL_ Escape allows you to upload shape files to Fusion Tables. Simply go to shpescape.com and select the zipped shape file you want to upload. Shape Escape creates a Fusion Table with the shape file data for you!
- FusionTablesLayer Builder: _URL_ a few steps beyond the built-in "Get embeddable code" feature, FusionTablesLayer Builder generates all the code necessary to include a Google Map with a Fusion Table Layer on your own website.


10 Harmful and Unacceptable behaviors of Selfish people
Selfish individuals are aware of their own selfishness.
But most of them simply do not perceive themselves as such. They are absolutely convinced that they are genuine and kind people who practice self-love and care for themselves in a natural and healthy way. They are, however, delusional.
Fortunately, in most instances, it is really easy to recognize the face behind the mask.
According to F. Diane Barth L.C.S.W. of Psychology Today, selfishness has two defining characteristics.
The first is having next to no regard for the feelings or needs of other people and the second is being excessively or exclusively concerned with oneself.
In fewer words, selfish people think that the whole world orbits around them.
Here are 10 behaviors selfish people commonly exhibit.
1. They don't care about the feelings of others
Selfish people do not care and neglect the emotions of others. They are not bothered by what happens in your life and how you feel at the moment. The only thing that truly matters to them is their own life.
2. They are expert manipulators
Selfish individuals never question themselves when they themselves are the problem. In their heads, they are never wrong. Their own opinion is the only thing that matters.
3. They love putting other people down
Selfish people are not merely satisfied with being on top. They thrive by putting others down. They enjoy making you feel less so they can feel more. Their ego is boosted when they criticize others. Diminishing others makes them feel important. That is one of the defining characteristics of selfish individuals.
4. They take advantage of others
They have secret plans and are always on the lookout to get something from you for their own benefit. They scheme against others and take advantage of their kindness and naivete.
5. They do not understand the meaning of sharing and giving
Egoists never do charity. They are not interested in caring for others or being there for them when they need it most. If they do something for you, be aware that they are doing it because they expect something in return.
6. They walk all over others just to get what they want
When it comes down to their own goals and dreams, they will trample over anyone who stands in their way. Selfish people do not care about the feelings of others.
7. They are extremely narcissistic and do not accept criticism
Their egos are way too enormous to understand that constructive criticism is meant to help them. Selfish people feel the need to be right 100% of the time. They cannot fathom their dirty moral values being questioned. It is extremely hard for them to understand that most of the time they are simply wrong.
8. They don't like to show vulnerability and emotions.
Selfish people are scared to be seen in moments of weakness. They fear that would bring about their defeat.
9. They are cocksure that they are entitled to everything.
Selfish individuals think they deserve all the goods in life without having to move their butts for it.
10. They don't heed advice or listen to opinions different from their own
They don't respect the ideas of others. If someone disagrees with their value system and way of thinking, they simply avoid them. Selfish people are absolutely convinced that their points of view are the only ones that truly matter.
Do you agree with these points? Let us know by joining the conversation in the comments and please share this article if you enjoyed the read.
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