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Northern Wisconsin high schoolers learn with stem cells, UW researchers
Eighteen top science students from northern Wisconsin high schools have earned the opportunity to hone their laboratory skills and work alongside leading researchers from the University of Wisconsin–Madison at a summer science camp focused on stem cells.
Hosted by the Morgridge Institute for Research, a nonprofit biomedical research institute affiliated with UW–Madison, the four-day summer science camp starts today and will cover a number of hands-on activities. Students will participate in neural and cardiac differentiation labs, attend lectures from top UW–Madison researchers and enjoy some time for fun and relaxation at campus attractions including Union South and the Kohl Center.
Students will work with both human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells. Human embryonic stem cells are blank-slate, or pluripotent, cells that have the capacity to differentiate into any of the more than 220 cell types in the human body. Induced pluripotent stem cells derived from reprogrammed skin cells show some differences from human embryonic stem cells and also are the focus of much promising research for human health and pharmaceutical development.
Human embryonic stem cells were first isolated on the UW–Madison campus by James Thomson, who also was among the first to create induced pluripotent stem cells. Today, Wisconsin researchers are considered leaders in developing an understanding of these cells as they search for treatments and cures for diseases such as diabetes, Parkinson's and heart disease. Wisconsin scientists also are pioneering the use of stem cells to help develop better and safer medicines.
Students will use stem cell lines that were established approximately 10 years ago. These cells continue to play a vital role in international research because of their flexibility and well-documented performance characteristics.
The students participating in the camp, held July 16-19, attend schools and educational centers including Cornell High School; Forward Service Corp.; Oconto Falls High School; Oneida Nation High School; and Rhinelander High School. The students earned the honor of attending through their classroom performance and dedication during months of preparatory study.
Students participating in the stem cell camp are:
- Cornell High School: Travis Anderson; Hannah Ash; Peter Duerst; Ryan Williams; Robert Duerst (teacher);
- Forward Service Corp.: Tyler Fenner; Joshua Jezeski; Samantha Nighorn; Bobbi Jo Schauer; Sarah Jo Dahlstrom (chaperone);
- Oconto Falls High School: Olivia Carlton; Justice Graf; Colin Sigmund; JoAnn Miller (teacher);
- Oneida Nation High School: Delylla Fredenberg; Rachel Ninham; Eveyonna Ortega; Becky Nutt (teacher); and
- Rhinelander High School: Matt Anderson; Ben Eversman; Sam O'Melia; Tyler Thorsen; Kay Coates (teacher).
The stem cell science camp was designed to provide an enrichment experience in an advanced scientific field while introducing promising students to the variety of academic opportunities on the UW–Madison campus.
"Through the camp, we are able to provide students with an in-depth opportunity to broaden their horizons in science, technology and medicine while highlighting the tremendous career opportunities in these rapidly growing fields," says Rupa Shevde, a senior scientist and director of outreach experiences for the Morgridge Institute for Research. "The students benefit from learning about the cutting-edge research that is going on while at the same time gaining hands-on experience with stem cells and other critically important research tools. Introducing the students to stem cells allows us to teach a variety of concepts including the genetic aspects of human diseases and important ethical considerations for researchers."
This summer's stem cell science camp also will feature lectures and presentations from a number of UW–Madison stem cell researchers, including:
- Anita Bhattacharyya, senior scientist, Waisman Center;
- Wendy C. Crone, professor of engineering physics, biomedical engineering and materials science and engineering, and associate dean for graduate education, Graduate School;
- Kevin Eliceiri, director, Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation;
- Tim Kamp, associate professor of medicine and physiology;
- William Murphy, associate professor of biomedical engineering and orthopedics and rehabilitation, associate director of the Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Center; and
- Sean Palecek, associate professor of chemical and biological engineering and biomedical engineering.


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Melville Weston Fuller
Fuller, Melville Weston, 1833–1910, American jurist, 8th chief justice of the United States (1888–1910), b. Augusta, Maine. He studied at Harvard law school, and after 1856 he became a prominent lawyer in Chicago and acquired a national reputation in Democratic politics. Fuller was appointed chief justice by President Cleveland. In his opinions he leaned toward strict construction of the Constitution. He also served as a commissioner to help settle the Venezuela Boundary Dispute and was a member (1900–1910) of the Permanent Court of Arbitration (The Hague Tribunal).
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


You are here: Health Mental Health
Mental Health
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"The world of dementia is colour blind; the world of black and minority organisations is dementia blind" as quoted by Professor Mary Marshall in our CNEOPSA (Care Needs of Ethnic Older People with Alzheimer's) European study (1998).
PRIAE is credited for pioneering the agenda and driving the development of mental health care strategies for BME elders. Mental health services to black and minority ethnic elders had received little attention until PRIAE published its work on dementia and ethnicity entitled "Dementia matters Ethnic concerns" which was translated into a film which was seen as first of its kind in the UK and across Europe. The CNEOPSA study received the Glaxo award of commendation and the then Health Minister, Rt Hon Paul Boateng called it 'impressive and authoritiative'.
Previously mental health research and literature in BME communities was limited and did not fully scope the barriers, difficulties and systematic failures that existed for those that suffered from mental health illnesses. The CNEOPSA study, PRIAE developed in 1997 concentrated on increasing awareness and taking action to develop culturally appropriate knowledge and practice in dementia care for the benefit of BME elders became PRIAE's leading project in mental health in 1998.
Barriers facing BME elders
The prevalence of depression and dementia the two most common disorders in old age are often undiagnosed in BME communities. They experience not only the health disadvantages that come with it but severe barriers in acquiring help, support, treatment and understanding. Poor access to mental health services is related to a variety of factors including factors associated with potential patients and their family due to the cultural stigma attached to mental health illnesses as well as care and mental health professionals, policymakers, BME organisations and mainstream providers that directly influence the patient experience and outcome. For PRIAE's definitive guide that helps both elders and their families, and professionals working in the mental health field please see our publication "Managing Better Mental Health Care for Black and Minority Ethnic elders (2010)" - a five part resource guide and film.
Dementia is also difficult to diagnose in BME elders which may derive from insufficient knowledge within families, communities, and individuals themselves in fear of exclusion and non acceptance. Another factor is that most cognitive tests are developed and standardized in one ethnic group which may not be appropriate for another ethnic group because they are influenced by culture, education, language, sensory impairments, anxiety and unfamiliarity with test situations. Translation services are therefore key in helping screen and diagnose BME patients as needs and expectations are different for all patients.
The implication of PRIAE's work in dementia is that while we have lifted the area and exposed the realities faced by BME elders in mental health which is included in the National Services Framework for Older People, appropriate instruments prevalence rates, clinical and non clinical understanding of how dementia (mental health generally) is expressed in behavior, is yet to be fully developed.


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Myanmar or Burma: Can the West Help?
Terrorism and Human Rights
Foreign Policy and Human Rights
International Development and Foreign Policy
Reparations and Prosthetics
Does God Believe in Human Rights?
How to Complain to the UN Human Rights Treaty System
For the Sake of Humanity
The Changing Face of Religion and Human Rights
Current Issues in Human Rights and International Law
Reparations for Victims of Genocide, War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity
Racism and Human Rights
Words into Action
Maternal Mortality, Human Rights and Accountability
Human rights treaties are at the core of the international system for the promotion and protection of human rights. The aim of this book is to empower individuals with the knowledge of how to use the UN Human Rights Treaty System to complain to an impartial international body about violations of their rights by states. Although this right is limited to claims against states that voluntarily permit complaints to be made against them, the UN human rights treaty system now applies to one-quarter of the world's population.
It is of vital importance for individuals to understand the procedures of putting the mechanics of the human rights treaty system into practice if the potential of the system is to be realized. Dissemination by human rights advocacy groups and by the UN itself of clearly defined actions and steps that can be taken by individuals to initiate a complaint is a challenging task. This book provides a clear explanation of the complexities of the UN human rights treaty system and the methodology to employ its procedures to successfully navigate a claim through its proper course.
Key beneficiaries of the information presented in this book are the individual victims of human rights abuses for whose protection the UN human rights treaty system was created. Human rights organizations, advocacy groups, government agencies, and all practitioners working to confront the widespread incidents of human rights violations around the world will find this volume a useful ally in providing the practical knowledge and tools needed in their common struggle.
Edited by Anne F Bayefsky
Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff, 2002
ISBN: 978 15 _PHONE_ 4

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Support Local Art
art Buy local culture Support local tourism
From: Backpackers South Africa
Why it's important to support local art
Supporting local talent is a great opportunity for cultures to connect, and for communities to grow together. There are so many reasons why you should support local work, and apart from it driving tourism and rewarding innovative minds for their beautiful talents, art has the ability to share common values and beliefs between different groups of people. This type of communication is important for society.
No matter the place or origin of the piece, what matters is skills used to showcase that beautiful social structure.
 It fuels the economy
In such tight economic conditions, artists struggle to sell their work and individuals struggle to support them because of the cost. With local art, it's affordable and it's easier to support because you're supporting content that resonates with you.
The art is original and different
The beauty of local art is that there are so many African art styles to choose from. Be it landscapes, portraits or wildlife, local artists always offer something original and unique. Most pieces are designed without the latest technologies to assist or speed up the process, therefore these handmade pieces are one-of-a-kind. When you buy something that is carefully crafted and different, it brings a sense of exclusivity into your purchase.
It's affordable for society
When you support and buy from local artists, most of them aren't well-known for their work, which is why it tends to be affordable in the beginning. That piece of art then becomes a long-term investment, because as the artist becomes more recognisable, the piece of art will rise in value.
 It creates a sense of culture
Art is a common denominator in almost every country's history. Creativity is a beautiful experience that brings people and communities together, regardless of race, gender, age or religion. Take African art for example, artists always express their feelings towards a specific topic which resonates with many people. That feeling then brings cultures together to celebrate our heritage.
It drives tourism
As mentioned, art is a universal language that people appreciate and respect. Over the years, people have lost hope in African creativity, but slowly it's becoming a refreshed tourist attraction for many travelling to S.A
It inspires young minds
Younger generations are delving into creative careers where they've started using their talents to earn money. In order to keep the trend going, our existing communities need to support local art to show children just how important and special it is.
Final words
Beyond the creative benefits that art has on society, art has a measurable impact on our economy, health and well-being, society and education. It allows people the opportunity to communicate across barriers of language and culture, where words cannot be used to express the same thoughts.
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|Applying the Method to
the Master Models 2002 and 2010 "High Security" Combination
These "high security" padlocks open as follows: the user dials the combination in the same way as for other Master single dial padlocks, but, after dialing the last number, the user turns the knob left until it stops, then pulls on the shackle to open the lock.
These locks do not have "sticking places" to help locate the last number. Locating the last number narrows down the number of combinations to try. However, even though we must try more combinations, we find these locks easier to open than the "standard security" Master combination locks, because the shackle does not have to be pulled each time to determine if the correct combination has been dialed.
We bought and tested two locks and the combinations followed the pattern found on other Master locks.* The pattern is as follows: If we know the last number, the possible first numbers are the last number and the numbers spaced four apart on the lock dial, starting at the last number. The possible second numbers are half way between, on the lock dial, the possible first numbers. (Furthermore, for each first number tried, only 8 of the 10 possible second numbers may be used with that first number.)
On the locks where we could locate the last number, we narrowed the possible first numbers down to 10 out of the 40 numbers on the lock dial. On these "high security" locks, we could do the same thing by locating the last number, but we can't locate the last number. So, we start out with 40 possible first numbers, the 40 numbers on the dial. However, the lock allows for sloppy dialing. If we try the 20 even first numbers, the lock will probably open, even if we are off by 1 on both the first and second number. Both of our locks opened using even numbers, although the manufacturer's combinations only had odd numbers. So, our method starts out by trying the even numbers as first numbers. If we haven't opened the lock after trying all the even numbers, we will go back and try the odd numbers as first numbers. So, here is the method:
Let's start by trying 0 as our first number. Two turns right, and continue, stopping precisely on 0. Now, one turn left, and continue 2 marks past our first number, so we stop precisely at 2.
A) Now, right almost a full turn to 4 marks before reaching the number we just dialed from the left. (On the first pass, that number was 2, so we stop at 6.)
B) Left exactly a full turn, stopping at the number we just finished dialing from the right.
Repeat A and B until you reach 6 marks before your first number when turning the dial left in step B. (When trying 0 as your first number, stop when you return to 34 turning left in step B.)
While turning left in step B, if the dial refuses to turn any further, then the lock is ready to open! Don't pull the shackle just yet. Make a note of your first number, and the number last dialed in step A is your second number (not the number dialed in step B.) Let the dial dial come back to the right. Move the dial back and forth by lightly turning the dial to the spots where the dial becomes harder to turn. The last number is in the range of movement. Make a note of the number. Now, turn left until the dial stops, then pull the shackle to verify that the lock opens.
If the lock opens and your last number was even, you now have the correct combination. If your last number was odd, both your first and second numbers are off by one, and your lock opened because it allows for sloppy dialing. Your lock should open more reliably with the correct combination, found as follows. Starting your last number, turn the dial 4 marks at a time until you are one mark away from the first number you tried. You are now at the correct first number. Now, move the dial 2 marks in either direction, then move the dial 4 marks at a time until you are 1 mark away from the second number you dialed. You are now at your second number.
Most likely, your lock hasn't opened so far. Try 2 as your first number, as follows. Two turns right, then stop at 2, then one turn left and continue 2 marks further to 4. Then, steps A) and B). (The first stop in step A is at 8.)
Continue with the other even numbers until you have tried the last one, 38. If the lock hasn't opened, go back and try the odd numbers the same way.
There are 20 even numbers on the dial. We took between 90 and 120 seconds to try each first number, so it would take us 30-40 minutes to try all of them, but we are sure that we could improve our speed. Since a champion Rubik's cube solver could solve the cube 10 times faster than we could, we expect that the best padlock solver could open the lock in four minutes or less. A machine like the Locracker should be even faster and simpler, since the 2 solenoids are not used, just the stepper motor and lock holder on the left in the picture. (However, if the dial is turned too fast when turning left, it may not catch and stop.)
Return to previous page.
Simplified dialing procedure for use when the combination is known, and description of a design change which would effectively thwart this method.
* We realize that two locks is too small for a valid statistical sample. However, we find that Master has used this pattern on so many of its locks that we are inclined to believe that these models follow the same pattern, even though we have only checked two locks.


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This morning I performed a couple simple maintenance tasks for our off-the-grid solar system:
- Washing the solar panels
- This is actually optional maintenance, as you don't have to wash your panels. However, keeping solar panels clean and free of dust etc. can appreciably boost your power output.
- After washing the panels (it has been pretty dry and dusty lately) I had about 10% more electricity being generated. Woot!
- Adding distilled water to the batteries
- Flooded lead acid* batteries periodically require distilled water to be added
- *Lead and acid, sounds pretty terrible right and not very 'green'? While you definitely want to wear protection when dealing with anything involving acid, the good thing about the lead portion of the batteries is that the lead very recyclable and there are good programs in place to recycle lead-acid batteries:
Lead–acid battery recycling is one of the most successful recycling programs in the world. In the United States 97% of all battery lead was recycled between 1997 and 2001.
If the batteries weren't recyclable I wouldn't be using these types of batteries!
- Also, the lifespan of the batteries is in the decades (if they are gently used) so that is pretty nice too
Minimal maintenance, great results
There are surprisingly few maintenance tasks required for an off-the-grid solar system. The two tasks I mentioned just take a few minutes and generally only need to be done on a monthly or quarterly basis (depending on your batteries and how dirty your panels get).
Thankfully, in addition to being easy to maintain, solar energy has been meeting all of our electrical needs for many years and has been astoundingly trouble free.


Did Vikings Have to Die with Sword in Hand to Reach Valhalla?
There may not have been a more fearsome sight for coastal areas in Northern Europe during the Middle Ages than Viking longships silently approaching the shore, laden with the most ferocious warriors of their time. The Vikings arguably achieved greater military accomplishments with less manpower than any society in history, and much of this can be attributed to their strong beliefs concerning the afterlife.
Vikings did not have to die with a sword in hand to reach Valhalla. But only warriors killed in battle would be selected by Odin and his Valkyries to join them in the great halls of Valhalla, where they would spend the afterlife training by day and feasting by night until the arrival of Ragnarok.
Valhalla to the Vikings was more than just a destination in the afterlife, and unlike the Christian concept of heaven, it was not eternal bliss.
\However, it was what all Viking warriors lived and fought for, and it was this deep aspiration to earn entry into Valhalla that fueled the unrivaled courage they displayed on the fields of battle. Even though distinction beyond measure awaited them, so too did the apocalypse.
A lot of people are interested in the role of Viking women in their society. See Did female Vikings go to Valhalla? to learn more.
Valhalla was the Vikings' Ultimate Goal
Viking sword
Viking sword, dated c. 750–850, found in the river Meuse near Den Bosch, the Netherlands
The mere act of dying while clutching a sword was not a guaranteed ticket into Valhalla. If such were the case, then common farmers and even slaves could find themselves walking among great Viking kings and warriors in the afterlife.
The true measure by which Vikings were selected to enter Valhalla was not simply dying in battle but doing so with distinction and uncommon bravery (even by Viking standards).
Simply put, to reach Valhalla, Vikings had to die a true warrior's death and not simply for ideological reasons or to uphold the Norse code of honor.
There was a practical reason for limiting entry into Valhalla to those who had proven themselves in combat. It had everything to do with Ragnarok, the Norse version of the apocalypse, the cataclysmic end of days. [1]
People love Viking history and many people want to own some of it. See Can you buy genuine Viking artifacts today? to learn more.
Only the Bravest Viking Warriors Entered Valhalla
Viking sword found at Mercia
Viking sword found in Mercia
The Viking people believed the gods of the Norse pantheon predetermined their fates. In fact, not only did Odin and his Valkyries oversee the fallen warriors who reached Valhalla, according to many sources, they actually selected who would live and die on the fields of battle, thereby steering those they deemed most worthy of joining their ranks in the afterlife.
In the eyes of Viking warriors, Valhalla was the ultimate reward for fighting with distinction and dying with honor.
However, for the all-father Odin, leader of the Norse gods, the recruitment of Scandinavia's finest fighters and most respected leaders to join his ranks of Einherjar in Valhalla was driven by the need to amass a fighting force worthy enough to face Fenrir and his evil cohorts.
According to Norse mythology, the ultimate battle between good and evil would result in a complete re-birth of the universe. Sadly, even the events of Ragnarok had been foretold with Odin and most gods (including his son Thor), the mighty Einherjar, and virtually all living things the cosmos, fated to meet complete annihilation. [2]
The Vikings were known as fighters. See Why did the Vikings attack monasteries? to learn more.
Valhalla was a True Warrior's Paradise
Viking women shields swords
Modern depiction of female Vikings
Despite the knowledge that their time in the afterlife would come to an end and that they would fall once more in battle during Ragnarok, Viking warriors were resolute in their yearning to reach Valhalla.
Aside from the honor of being in the company of Odin and the Valkyries, the Einherjar experienced a true warrior's paradise:
 - They trained by day, fighting amongst each other, and any wounds they suffered would be healed
 - At night, they feasted on the meat of a magical beast whose flesh would be restored by the next day to provide another day's meal
 - The mead they drank came from the udder of the goat Heidrun and was limitless in supply [3]
Most Vikings Warriors did not Even Own a Sword
Any edict from the Norse gods that only those Vikings who died with sword in hand could reach Valhalla would fly in the face of the warrior spirit instilled in these Norse people from birth fail to recognize the makeup of the men and warriors that comprised Viking fighting forces.
It would also disregard the harsh realities of life in general during the Middle Ages.
Because the metals used to produce swords (primarily iron in the case of the Vikings) were difficult to source and the process so laborious and specialized in crafting them, swords were extremely expensive to acquire, and only prominent and wealthy Vikings owned them.
Put another way, the overwhelming majority of Viking warriors could not afford a sword, let alone die on the field of battle with one in hand. The most common weapons used by the Vikings in battle were those that were cheap to produce and affordable to all who needed them.
This was likely the most widely used weapon as only the tip needed to be forged from metal, while the staff (which varied in length from 3 to 10 feet long) was made from wood. Spears were adaptable to fighting from a distance, in which case they would be hurled toward enemy soldiers, or in hand-to-hand combat where they would be thrust toward a target.
In a pinch, the same axe that was used to chop wood and perform menial tasks around the farm could be used as a weapon by lower-class Viking infantry.
Even specially crafted battle axes, which featured long handles and larger heads, were far less expensive to produce than swords but were capable of inflicting just as much damage (if not more).
Bows and Arrows
Born from hunting equipment, bows and arrows played a vital role in Viking military strategies as volleys of arrows could be launched toward enemy frontlines from great distances (over 600 feet), inflicting great damage to them. Viking warriors would then advance to engage in hand-to-hand combat after these initial Medieval airstrikes.
Although primarily a defensive implement, shields could also be used as weapons in difficult situations.
Measuring three feet in diameter and constructed nearly entirely from wood, shields could be used to knock enemy soldiers off-balance, and they could even be used to strike at them along their edges. Best of all, from the perspective of the common warrior, they could be built from readily available resources. [4]
Viking Warriors were Buried with their Weapons
Although scholars and the historical records have largely dispelled the notion that Vikings had to die with sword in hand in order to enter Valhalla, archeological evidence has established that weapons and other personal effects belonging to the deceased played significant roles in:
 - The ways that the Vikings buried their dead
 - How the deceased were honored, and their community status recognized
 - Preparing the dead for their time in the afterlife
The Viking practice of burying their dearly departed with personal items demonstrates their deeply held belief in the afterlife.
These so-called grave goods were considered to be absolutely essential to performing a proper burial as they would ensure that the deceased would carry on after death as they did during life. For the wealthy, this meant luxury goods, and for warriors, this meant their weapons.
In the case of warriors killed in battle (and presumably chosen to enter Valhalla), they were buried with their full armament of weapons.
They considered this logical, as they would surely need them to properly train with the other Einherjar in preparation for the arrival of Ragnarok and the waging of the greatest battle of them all.
(Interestingly, many weapons found by archaeologists at gravesites have been determined to be deliberately broken as the Vikings believed that a warrior's soul rested within the blade, and breaking it would release it to its final resting place.
This practice was also intended to discourage would-be grave robbers from disturbing burial sites.) [5] [6]
Final Thoughts
Viking warriors aspired to die in battle so that they might reach Valhalla and fight alongside each other in the battle to end all battles.
[1] historicmysteries.com
[2] pantheon.org
[3] norse-mythology.org
[4] historyhit.com
[5] lifeinnorway.net
[6] history.com
Recent Posts


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Living Economics: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow
The passion of the teacher is often the inspiration for a student. This lively book illuminates how economics affects all walks of life, whether in the marketplace, voting booth, church, family, or any human activity. Boettke believes that economics is not merely a game to be played by clever professionals, but a discipline that touches on the most pressing practical issues at any historical juncture. The wealth and poverty of nations are at stake; the length and quality of life turns on the economic conditions individuals find themselves living with.
So teaching and learning economics are high stakes ventures. Along the way he introduces us to major thinkers: from Smith, Say, and Bastiat of the Classical School, to Neoclassical and Austrian scholars (Menger, Mises, Hayek, Kirzner, and Rothbard) on to New Institutional economists (Alchian, Coase, Demsetz, North, Ostrom and Williamson) and Public Choice theorists (Buchanan, Tullock, and others). This engaging and reasoned book is a must-read for economists, students, and everyone else who wishes to better understand economics.
Find the book at the Independent Institute.
Read a detailed summary of the book at the Independent Institute.
Read the review by Jeffrey Tucker at Laissez Faire Books.
Read an article by the Cobden Centre on Prof. Boettke and Living Economics at cobdencentre.org.


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I noticed an article on Stroller Derby the other day where the authors started a debate around staples vs stitches for a c-section incision. The article references a study done at the University of Insubria in Italy that found, cosmetically, the two methods produce equal results. It then refers to an earlier study that found staples increase the chances of complications post-surgery.
When I had my c-section, I had internal stitches and external staples for a few days. These were then replaced with those butterfly sticky things, which stayed put for more than a month before coming off in the shower. My scar is in pretty good shape these days in the sense that it's pale pink and only gently raised.
What sort of closure method did other moms encounter? I don't recall being given a choice or discussion about it, but then my surgery was an emergency one and not a planned or scheduled operation. Did other moms have a similar experience? How are your scars holding up these days?


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Contemplative psychotherapy for individuals, couples, and groups in New York City.
According to the Asian News Network, China's oldest temple aims to position itself as a major Buddhist hub. Built in 68 CE, the White Horse (Baima) Temple, in Luoyang, in China's Henan province, has a colorful history. The ANN reports:
According to legend, the Eastern Han Emperor Yongping (reign: AD 57-75) dreamed of a golden figure with a halo, which his advisers assumed was the Buddha, in India. Emissaries were sent abroad to learn more about Buddhism and they returned years later with two Indian monks on white horses, bearing sutras and statues....
In light of its history, Baima aims to become a leading center of Buddhism in Asia and has an Indian Buddhist shrine made entirely of Indian materials, a gift from the Indian government that was completed last year. Nearby, a Thai Buddhist shrine, built in 1992, is being expanded.
The temple has been rebuilt, and little remains of the original. Also, the original temple lacked air-conditioning, but that has been remedied.
You can read the ANN report here.
Image © China Daily


Discussions elsewhere suggest that this happens and that smaller moons would tend to low inclination with respect to the planet's equator faster than larger ones.
For example, Mars' small moons are inclined only by 1° or so while Earth's moon's inclination varies between 23-5° and 23+5° with an 18.6 year period.
But this is not a good example because the origin and history of these moons is very different.
Question: So if we had two Earths around two Suns at 1 AU each, and each had a rocky moon like our own inclined at say 10° with respect to the Earth's oblate equator at the same distances except that one moon was big and one was small:
 1. Would they migrate to low inclination over time?
 2. If so, does the time it takes depend on the Moon's size?
 3. If so, which would tend to migrate to low inclination faster?
Your Answer
Browse other questions tagged or ask your own question.


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Philosophy: A Discovery In ComicsA fun introduction in comics to deep thinking and the history of Philosophy! What is Thinking? And how does our thinking set us apart from other animals?
Now that we're thinking, what is Reality? Is there an objective reality or are there numerous subjective realities? And do we move in it with a free will or is everything predestined?
Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Erasmus, Descartes, Spinoza, Nietzsche: just a few philosophers who have pondered these questions.
Comic artist Margreet de Heer and her husband Yiri travel through the history of Western Philosophy and draw a colorful picture of all these questions


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Posts Tagged 'Virtual Tour'
Two extraordinary repositories; two extraordinary new web visualization tools…
From The Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History, the 3D Collection:
Date of Discovery: 1961
Discovered by: Hisashi Suzuki
Age: About 41,000 years old
Fossil Name: Amud
Location of Discovery: Wadi Amud, Israel
The purpose of this collection [of 3D fossils and artifacts] is to allow you to view your favorite objects from our David H. Koch Hall of Human Origins and to help you share your museum experience with your friends and family. Before our exhibit opened, the objects on display were either CT or laser scanned. The scanning process enabled Human Origins Progam staff to generate 3D models of each object that you can view, rotate, and interact with online. It may take a minute or two to load depending on your computer, but after it is loaded you will be able to move the 3D object around by holding down the left-click button and moving your mouse.
And from the Vatican, the Virtual Reality Tour of the Sistine Chapel:
A virtual tour of Michelangelo's masterwork — move around the space and inspect from any angle, using your mouse– designed by the Augustinian computer scientists at Villanova University.
As we marvel at time, at space, and at the technology that aims to tame them, we might recall that it was on this date in 1979 that operators failed to notice that a relief valve was stuck open in the primary coolant system of Three Mile Island's Unit 2 nuclear reactor following an unexpected shutdown. Consequently, enough coolant drained out of the system to allow the core to overheat and partially melt down– the worst commercial nuclear accident in American history.
182 years earlier, on this date in 1797, Nathaniel Briggs (of New Hampshire) patented the first "washing machine," known as the Box Mangler– a heavy frame containing a large box filled with rocks, resting on a series of long wooden rollers. Washing was laid flat on a sheet and wound round one of the rollers, then two people pulled on levers to move the heavy box back and forth over the rollers. While it was expensive, heavy, difficult to operate, and even then, jammed often, its failures never led to the evacuation of major population centers.


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The kids in Occidental may be among the luckiest in Sonoma County, and perhaps in all California, when the Salmon Creek Falls Environmental Center gets certified. The town just cut the ribbon on this wavy-roofed beauty, positioned to become the county's first LEED-platinum-certified building and California's first LEED-platinum-certified structure on a K–8 campus. Why are these kids so fortunate? Lots of reasons, not the least of which is getting to spend part of the school day in a toxin-free environment.
The new campus building does not include classrooms, but the cafeteria, auditorium and meeting spaces of the center are free of VOCs (volatile organic compounds). According to the U.S. Green Building Council, conventionally built school buildings—and the carpets, paints and furnishings that go with them—emit neurotoxins absorbed by body and brain. Often these structures are inadequately ventilated with little natural lighting, and waste so much energy that heating and cooling costs eat up the equivalent of one or more teacher's salaries each year.
So the Green Building Council has been pushing the LEED program for years, claiming it makes public the ingredients of a building the way mandatory labeling reveals the ingredients of food products. These allied industry members ask, in presentations that promote green schools, "Every day you can go into the store and buy an 89 cent box of [animal] crackers and know exactly what you're getting. So shouldn't you be able to walk into an $8 million building and know that same thing?"
At a cost of $3.6 million plus lots of donated materials, the community in Occidental knows precisely what their new, curvy building contains and what it does not contain. "It doesn't typically cost that much to create a green building," says project facilitator Victoria Johnston, the force behind the project. "But we designed a curvy building, and curves cost more."
On the undulating roof, a section of plants will filter pollutants and save cooling costs; on some of the walls, recycled cork will provide an aesthetic tip of the hat to the wine industry, keep material out of the landfill, help absorb sound and also insulate. One wall is finished with recycled glass, another with recycled surgical gowns. There's a glass floor in the foyer, radiant-heat concrete floors finished in tung oil and orange citrus solvent, and an Arthurian round table made from a tree that fell on the 50-acre school property during the early stages of the project. The old growth redwood, already familiar to the schoolchildren, was milled and dried on the property, furnishing not only the seven-foot-diameter tabletop but also interior wainscoting.
"My intention was to build something with yummy architecture," said Johnston, who did not want Occidental's new building to be "ugly" like other green buildings she has seen. Her concept of yummy was devised by a 16-member design team that included a few children, and realized with hundreds of thousands of dollars' worth of donated materials from companies pioneering green products. The undulating roof wears a seamless wetsuit—a spongy material called Neptune coating that is gunned on from a 50-gallon drum. The building was designed as a straw bale structure, but permits were refused, so they were forced to use forest-certified lumber. After thousands of hours of LEED documentation paperwork and six years of effort, the building is done and is 100 percent solar-powered with state-of-the-art "smart" lighting system, waterless urinals and low-flow toilets.
And let's not forget Johnston's secret ingredient. "The energy in the building is stunning. All that love that went into the process—you can feel it," says Johnston. "That's exactly what I wanted, a building where you walk in and it takes your breath away and inspires you to incorporate green building practices in your own life."
The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 invests in green building and energy efficiency—including about $9 billion governors can use to bring schools into the new green world. When it's time to improve California's schools, designers can head to Occidental and visit the new Salmon Creek Falls Environmental Center for inspiration. Hopefully, they too will feel the love.


The Turbine framework provides a model of classes that helps you represent the structure and behavior of a web-application, the execution of such elements is "controlled" by a MVC controller, which is the Turbine servlet. In order to start working with Turbine it is a good idea to have a conceptual model of the elements available in the Turbine framework. The functional specification provides a good description of the available elements in Turbine.
If you have read the abovementioned document, here is more information about how to use Screens and Actions:
Screens: As mentioned in the functional specification the Screen module is essentially considered the "body" of the webpage. Typically, the screen is used to put in the Context the information required by the template to be shown. This will occur in the doBuildTemplate(RunData, Context) which you must implement in your Screen, here is an example:
package homepage.modules.screens;
import org.apache.turbine.modules.screens.VelocityScreen;
import org.apache.turbine.util.RunData;
import org.apache.velocity.context.Context;
public class MyHomePage extends VelocityScreen {
 protected void doBuildTemplate(RunData data, Context context)
 throws Exception {
 context.put("title", "My Home Page");
{{{ //my list of favorite musicians will appear as a select in the webpage
{{{ musicians.add("Jimi Hendrix");
 //the velocity template will render the list as a select
If you have configured the TurbineResources to find this class according to its package declaration, then everytime you call a template named MyHomePage (e.g.: MyHomePage.vm) this Screen will be executed automatically. If you do not wish your template to be atached to a Screen, then you have to define a Default and inform this to the TurbineResources
Actions: Actions represent the execution of a specific task, typically, it's name is a verb such as "Login", "Search", et cetera. So as you can imagine, this allows you to separate the code that has to do with the functionality of your webapp from the code that configures how it looks. The following is an example of an Action:
// Turbine Stuff
import org.apache.turbine.util.RunData;
import org.apache.velocity.context.Context;
import org.apache.turbine.modules.actions.VelocityAction;
public class SendEmail extends VelocityAction {
{{{ public void doPerform( RunData data, Context context ) throws Exception {
 //here goes the code that sends an email...
As always, you have to set in the TurbineResources file the location of the modules. If you haven't done this properly, Turbine won't find the Action and it will throw an exception. Otherwise, you may call it with an URL like this one: http://yourserver/yourapp/action/SendEmail
JakartaTurbine2ScreensAndActions (last edited 2009-09-20 23:50:19 by localhost)


text:
Water Reclamation Facilities
Water Reclamation Facilities are most prevalent in arid areas. Water reuse receives high priority in the southwest due to the overall scarcity of water.
The quality standards for water reuse in Arizona are strict. The standard for reuse, Class A+, requires turbidity of less than 2 NTU and the absence of fecal coliform bacteria. In order to maintain such high quality effluent on a consistent basis, it is necessary to utilize a high level of treatment prior to water reuse. Processes such as membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology are finding greater use due to their ability to provide a high quality effluent on a consistent basis.


Real Inclusion is more than just words and numbers.
Inclusion, diversity and transformation are buzzwords in South Africa at the moment. Does this mean that everyone is on the same page with what Inclusion means? Does inclusion just mean ticking off a checklist of marginalized identities? How can we move beyond tokenism and create real change and inclusion in gaming? and why is this so important?


text:
Definition of recompense :
1. An equivalent returned for anything done, suffered, or given; compensation; requital; suitable return.
2. To give in return; to pay back; to pay, as something earned or deserved.
3. To give recompense; to make amends or requital.
4. To render an equivalent to, for service, loss, etc.; to requite; to remunerate; to compensate.
5. To return an equivalent for; to give compensation for; to atone for; to pay for.
pay off, gratuity, premium, allowance, recoupment, honorarium, contribution, furbish up, mend, fix, pay, fee, reparation, resort, consideration, stipend, spend, indemnify, bushel, reward, finance, renovate, even off, invest in, down payment, reprisal, doctor, remediate, settlement, quittance, wages, damages, counterbalance, overcompensate, make up, remuneration, advance, repair, requital, satisfaction, fund, restore, payback, recreate, touch on, animate, indemnification, indemnity, reanimate, repay, quicken, disburse, revive, deposit, requite, restitution, vivify, salary, payment, even out, compensation, bear the cost/expense etc., amend, hire, earnings, repayment, remittance, pay out, revivify, put up, right, cover, even up
atone (part of speech: verb)
recompense (part of speech: verb)


text:
'Wet,' thanks God...
The other side is the answer…'
'Wet' Mexican song of 'La Maldita vecindad'
'The other side is the answer' is a recurring phrase among Latinos who take on the adventure going to the United States. In fact, today being a migrant traveling to the United States has become a virtual university for many, who every year following the footsteps of their parents, grandparents, great grandparents, uncles, etc.
However, not as something that has become a practice in nineteenth-century, migrants have put aside their beliefs and put all their trust in saints. In the case of Mexico, each zone or village has its patron saint, who is the guardian angel who will accompany the migrants on their journey. Among the most important are:
Santo Toribio: Probably the most popular saint among migrants. His history begins with his murder. Santo Toribio was a priest and he was allegedly attacked by the federal army in the Cristero War. Migrants pray to him because he was on the opposite side of the border so it is believed that he really understands. So great is the worship that is offered, which today exists as a kind of branch of his sanctuary in the United States.
St. Peter the Apostle: The tradition of St. Peter the Apostle goes back many years ago. Those who pray are basically from Michoacan in Mexico. They pay their favors dangling dollars, or as the migrants call it 'biilletes green'. Every February the money is retired and is engaged in the saint's feast. Note that the celebration takes place in that month because it is when men start their community to the border crossing.
St. Juan Soldier: Juan Soldier is the name that is known to the Mexican military, whose name was Juan Castillo Morales. Juan Soldado was executed in Tijuana, Baja California, on February 17, 1938. He was allegedly accused of raping and murdering a girl Olga Camacho Martinez. He is revered in northwestern Mexico and southwestern United States as a saint. Those who believe in his miracles are said to have been falsely accused and that through his spiritual intercession can get help on health issues, family or facilitate border crossing for undocumented immigrants. That is why what is considered the patron saint of undocumented Mexicans.
San Miguel Archangel: Known as the angel who defeated Lucifer Guerrero with his machetito, (little sword) his followers believe he also goes to work with all migrants, as anyone who knows his devotion he has achieved a large following among Mexicans and Latinos.
Each nation has its own saint, and each immigrant has a story of who helped him or her to make it safely to the other side. Do you have a story? Who would you pray to if you were going to cross to the other side?


The Cyber World right now is shaken by the latest email exploit which lets the hackers alter the writings of the e-mail, after being placed in the inbox.
This exploit named Ropemaker, innovated by security company Mimecast, allows the malicious parties to completely change the contents displayed in an e-mail, for example, editing texts or swapping a harmless URL with a link to malware.
This entire idea of the exploit is based on the fact that the attacker first sends an HTML email to the victim, but in the guise of CSS code, which is normally used to conduct the presentation style of a web pageto leverage a remote file hosted on the attacker's server.
As per certain examples are given by Mimecast, a distant CSS code is first used to switch to an URL address in an email message, after which a matrix of ASCII text can be selectively controlled by change of what is displayed. This latter part would obviously allow an attacker to edit the text of an email, adding or removing sentences and external links.
Regarding Ropemaker, the senior director of security technology at Cylance, Brian Robison, regarded that this is not only the first exploit to make malicious use of CSS on web pages. He further added that "Phishing emails have been taking advantage of this for some time, including linking to the original source to make it look more legit. Example: You get an email from your bank; the email pulls the headers and logos directly from the bank's website; then the button is actually linked to a different site entirely".
However, Mimecast has confessed that it hasn't yet seen Ropemaker in the wild and the further tests on browser-based versions of Gmail, Outlook and iCloud have already given the proof that these platforms are not susceptible to the exploit. Mimecast, however, claims that desktop and mobile versions of the Microsoft Outlook app, desktop and mobile versions of Apple Mail, and Mozilla Thunderbird, are all susceptible.
Again, many email clients look for header tags for emails in HTML formats, including tags that call for remote CSS files. With a further push, individuals or company admins could block remote CSS resources from loading. In response to a draft of this report, Apple notes that users can hide remote content in emails by navigating Mail, Preferences, Viewing, then without checking the "Load remote content in messages".
Lastly, security expert, Graham Cluley regarded that it is good to be beware of unsolicited emails from unknown contacts. He added that "[The exploit] is certainly inventive, but perhaps not quite as creative as the hard work Mimecast put in constructing the Ropemaker acronym".


text:
|Home / Headlines / Why a Water Crisis Exists in Gaza|
Why a Water Crisis Exists in Gaza
"With current, desperate conditions and the violence that has caused severe damage to Palestinian infrastructure why should Palestinians have to pay for a natural resource that should already be available to them?"
Gaza has a water crisis. Most people in the international community do not know the details as to why it exists and the root causes of the resource deficiency.
For the more than 1.4 million Palestinians who live in Gaza water shortages and water deterioration affects their health. Moreover, the water crisis creates agricultural, economic, social, and political instabilities that have regional ramifications. Most of the existing problems are a direct and indirect result of Israeli policy.
If the resource inequalities are not rectified soon, the Middle East will be facing an irreversible human and environmental disaster.
Water Resources, Consumption and Distribution – Facts and Figures
Gaza has a sub-Aquifer, which is a part of the Coastal Aquifer (that lies along "…the Mediterranean coastline of Israel and the Gaza Strip.)" One estimate shows the people of Gaza over abstract (over-pump) between 120 – 140 million cubic meters (MCM) of water from the coastal aquifer per year, but the sustainable yield of the Gaza sub-aquifer is between 50 – 60 MCM/yr. One way to interpret sustainable yield is that it is the amount of water that can be extracted from the aquifer annually, while still maintaining ground water levels and chemical composition (quality). Scientists such as hydrographers, hydrogeologists, hydrologists, and ecologists perform volumetric and qualitative measurements of water resources to not only make scientific determinations but future projections.
Another estimate states that the water exploitation (over-pumping) is around 155 MCM/yr, but the natural (such as rainwater) and anthropogenic (agricultural return flow and waste water) replenishments total 87 MCM/yr. All of these scientific figures reveal that Gaza has a current water deficit of approximately 68 – 90 MCM/yr.
In addition, population density determines how much water is needed within a geopolitical area, even if the hydrogeological and topographical landscape does not have the natural resource capacity to satisfy the number of people living there. "The Gaza Strip is also one of the most densely populated areas in the world…" and there are approximately 3,500 people per square km.
With a growing population expected to exceed 2.3 million by mid-2010 there will be over 5,800 people per square km. As a result of population increases the water deficit will be more exacerbated if more water and resource infrastructure are not in effect within the next year.
"The present situation concerning water availability and quality in Gaza is little short of catastrophic," Dr. Shaddad Attili explains. Attili is the Palestinian Authority's policy advisor for water and environment. "As a result of such concerns the water situation in Gaza has been recognized for some years as a critically important issue, but the situation continues to worsen inexorably over time."
Although the World Health Organization (WHO) calls for minimal water consumption of 100 liters per capita per day (l/c/d) for a quality level of health ; Attili shared that Palestinians average 50 -70 liters (l/c/d). Moreover, Israeli capita usage averages 400 l/d and Israel settlers in the Palestinian Occupied Territories average 800 l/c/d. Thus, Israelis average almost five times more water consumption than Palestinians.
For the 3.7 million Palestinians living in Gaza and the West Bank they consume approximately 260-290 MCM/yr; and this figure includes domestic, agricultural and industrial consumption. However, 6.4 million Israelis have a total water consumption of 2,129 MCM/yr.
"A large groundwater aquifer basin underlies the West Bank and supplies high quality water to both Israelis and Palestinians. It is composed of three sub aquifers: the Western, the Eastern and the North-eastern Aquifer Basins." Since Israel controls the water, they allow Palestinians in the West Bank 114 MCM/yr only – they have to purchase another 30-40 MCM/yr for the West Bankers and 4 MCM/yr for Gazans from Mekorot, the Israeli water company.
The Palestinian Hydrology Group established the Water and Sanitation Hygiene Monitoring Project where people conducted field surveys from over 640 Palestinian communities. Their reports reveal that Mekorot "…has seriously reduced the quantities. In many cases Mekorot has completely stopped the provision of water to them altogether. Many of the surveyed Palestinian communities that still get some water from Mekorot receive insufficient quantity, and have expressed their fear that Mekorot will completely stop providing water to them."
When these communities cannot rely on Mekorot water service, they depend on other options, such as rainfall in community water cisterns - if they are available and accessible.
In Gaza, Palestinians consume roughly 150 MCM/yr of which around 85 MCM is due to over abstraction of the Gaza Aquifer. How are Palestinians over-pumping the aquifer? Attili reports there are over 4,200 wells within Gaza. Although most of the wells are used for agricultural purposes, there are 2,400 illegal wells. Moreover, illegal welling drains the already stressed aquifer.
How is the exploitation of the water table affecting the Coastal Aquifer? It is increasing the rate at which saline ground water naturally flows from the eastern part of the Coastal Aquifer toward Gaza, which is salinizing the freshwater in the western part of the aquifer at an accelerated pace. Moreover the study concluded: "If pumping continues at these unsustainable rates, it will destroy the aquifer's capacity to resist sea water intrusion from the west and saline ground water from the east, thereby making it totally unsuitable for human consumption or for irrigated agriculture with the next few decades."
The exploitation of the aquifer has damaged the water's quality already. Attili reports 70 per cent of the aquifer's water is brackish water: saline water due to over-abstraction.
Unfortunately, as there is no alternative, Palestinians are drinking this water and they are experiencing health problems.
Water Chemical Composition and How it Impacts Human Health
WHO established international standards for salt levels of chemical compounds in water, such as nitrate and chloride. For safe and healthy human consumption of drinking water these salt compounds cannot exceed the WHO guidelines. For nitrate, the WHO standard is 50 mg/l and for chloride it is 250 mg/l. The Gaza aquifer has nitrate levels over 100 mg/l and chloride levels averaging 1000 mg/l. How are these unsafe levels affecting the health of Palestinians?
The following are some of the findings by an author who compiled health problems from numerous publications. The health problems are: 50 per cent of Gaza's children have a parasitic infection; children and adults suffer from diarrhea; high chloride levels causes kidney disease; consumption of saline water leads to salt levels in humans that causes kidney dysfunction, heart failure, neurological symptoms, lethargy, and high blood pressure; excessive levels of fluoride are toxic, causing gastritis, ulcers, kidney failure, bone fluorisis (bone fractures and crippling), and teeth fluorsis (black lines around gums and tooth decay); and high nitrate levels causes "blue baby" syndrome, also know as methaemoglobinaemia and gastric cancer.
Since people do not have other water alternatives they consume the brackish water for daily survival. Palestinians have no other options currently and the current numerical figures show the demand for water exceeds the water supply. As long as the Middle East and the international community does not address the root causes of the water crisis and the impact it is having on the health of 1.4 M people; then the Israelis and Palestinians, as well as the people living in neighboring Arab states who share co-riparian rights to natural water resources in the region will continue experiencing escalating geopolitical instability.
When the shared aquifers can no longer meet the future needs of the Israelis and Palestinians using it, then regional civil war is inevitable.
Before exploring the expert's solutions that could prevent future civil war a brief examination into the effects of military occupation on Palestinians' access to water will help readers understand the obstacles Palestinians face for this vital, life need.
How Occupation Affects Palestinians Access to Water
Palestinians access water from wells, but they also have water springs, tankers, roof tanks, cisterns, and reservoirs. Unfortunately, over 70 per cent of the people in Gaza live in poverty, so most people cannot afford to replace damaged tankers, let alone have money to pay water bills. In fact, "numerous families suffer from a lack of funds to pay for wastewater evacuation tankers. The resulting pollution is having a direct negative effect on the state of sanitation and hygiene."
How much waste water is in the aquifer? More than 30 MCM returns to the aquifer without any prior treatment, therefore polluting it. When open waste water and water containing fertilizer for irrigating crops and pesticides has not been subjected to purification it drains into the ground water. Hence, it contaminates the existing water supply.
As a sidebar to the health ailments discussed in the previous section, human consumption of water with "…pesticides can lead to paralysis, heart failure, and gradual damage to the nervous system." These problems illustrate the importance of ground, roof and wastewater tankers to people living with an archaic water network in the Mediterranean region.
Moreover, what compounds Palestinian health problems is the violence they are subjected to by Israeli forces and Israeli settlers. For example in December 2004, The Khan Younis and Raf


도시기본계획의 환경부문 계획 수립 실태 분석 및 개선방안
도시기본계획의 환경부문 계획 수립 실태 분석 및 개선방안
Issue Date
Series/Report No.
기초연구 : 2008-01
iv, 98 p.
Abstract A Study on the Improvement and Analysis of Environment-related Sections of the Urban Plan In this study, we made some suggestions to strengthen environment-related sections of the urban plan. To achieve this objective, we deduced assessment factors from the environment-related sections of the guidelines for urban planning the chief opinions collected during the review process of both the Korea Environment Institute and the Ministry of Environment and the assessment criteria of previous research. In addition, we conducted case studies on existing urban plans. On the basis of analyses for the deduced assessment factors, we concluded that some improvements need to be achieved in the following five sections: In the section regarding the characteristics and current status of the corresponding area, it is necessary to describe, in detail, ecological conditions (e.g., vegetation and animals) and to take into account the area's unique characteristics. Furthermore, in the section on high-level or related plans, environment-related policies within those plans need to be included. In the section on the establishment of the planning objective and indicators, the objective and action plans should take into account the area's own characteristics. Action plans should consider the integrity and coherence ofeach sectional plan. Various environmental indicators should be developed to achieve quality (not quantitatively) evaluations and to meet urban and environmental objectives. In the section pertaining to urban spatial structure, it is necessary to propose alternatives to the conservation axis as well as the development axis. Also, environmentally-friendly urban spatial structures should be planned after analyzing, in detail, the merits, and demerits of each alternative. In the section on land use planning, it is necessary to designate conservation areas; taking into account natural resources. Furthermore, areas thatconserve or reserve development in development-possible areas need to be designated as conservation areas. In the section regarding environmental conservation and management, it is necessary to systematically plan thenatural and ecological environment. In addition, environmental conservation and management plansshould be coherent with other plans related to landscape, parks, and greenspace.
Table Of Contents
차 례
제1장 서론
1. 연구의 배경 및 목적
2. 연구의 내용 및 방법
제2장 일반적 고찰
1. 도시기본계획의 개요
2. 도시기본계획수립지침
제3장 실태분석을 위한 평가요소 설정
1. 도시기본계획의 평가기준
2. 도시기본계획의 환경관련 수립내용 분석
3. 평가요소의 도출
제4장 도시기본계획의 작성실태 및 개선방안
1. 평가대상 및 방법
2. 작성현황 및 개선방안
3. 종합분석
제5장 결론
참고 문헌
Appears in Collections:
Reports(보고서) Working Paper(기초연구)
Files in This Item:
RIS (EndNote)
XLS (Excel)


text:
> But giving an example using functions instead of values is a little off topic since functions aren't mentioned in the Operator Precedence rules.
If you wrote
f + g * h;
it wouldn't change anything, because evaluating a variable still involves say moving from a memory location to a register.
> I guess that's why they just threw their hands up and said "ah screw it, lets just make it undefined".
It's all to easy to argue that it might be possible to make something simple like ++x / x++ defined, but remember the spec assumes arbitrary complex expressions. If you had like 10 side effects on 6 different variables, you'd be in a much tougher spot.
Then compiler writers would have a hell of a job writing and testing the code, and programmers would have a hard time understanding all the rules.
As it stands, it's a very simple rule which is very unambiguous.


up and down regulation of parasites
Meißner Markus meissner.markus at t-online.de
Wed Apr 26 13:28:44 EST 2000
Helmut Gieseke schrieb:
> Can anyone give information on up-regulation of Parasite (by the host) that
> ensures survival? It is written that Toxoplasma down-regulates and forms
> tissue cysts when the Host produces an immune response. If the parasite did
> not do this, it could kill the host quickly (down-regulation increases
> Toxoplasma's opportunity to infect another host). Is there an example of
> the opposite = the parasite up-regulates (caused by the host's immune
> response or some other reaction by the host) and its survival/reinfection
> successes are increased. Many thanks.
> H. Gieseke
> ______________________________________________________
> ---
You're right that Toxoplasma gondii builds tissue cysts, but this is not
a real down-regulation. The parasite rather differentiates into slow
growing Bradyzoites (the fast growing life stage is called Tachyzoite).
In this stage the parasites protein expression pattern is changed, that
means some genes are downregulated and other certain genes are
True is that this is a strategy to escape the hosts immune response but
without this differentiation the parasite would not kill an
immunocompetent host but would be completely removed from the host.
Only in immunodeficient hosts the parasite is capable of killing the
host. This is the case in HIV-patients where the tissue cysts in the
brain start to differentiate into the fast growing Tachyzoites. Sincfe
the immunesystem of this patients is not able to remove them anymore the
parasite will kill the host.
Well, I hope I was able to answer Your questions......
Sincerly Yours,
More information about the Parasite mailing list


Until recently I was under the assumption that I was getting the best milk for my family by getting organic milk from the grocery store. One fine day we visited a local dairy to see how dairy products are made and how it gets from farm to our fridge.
If you moved from another country you would understand what I am saying. Ever wondered why milk back home made all that cream when heated? Why does shelf life of milk be couple of days back home and is months here in United States?
non homogenized milk
This is how non-homogenized natural milk looks like! Do you see this in your milk?
What exactly is Homogenization?
A process called Homogenization was introduced in US in 1932. It breaks apart fat molecules under high pressure, leaving the fat suspended and evenly dispersed throughout the milk.
fat molecules in natural state
Any guesses why this process became the industry standard? Yes, to market milk to longer distances and increase the shelf life.
Why you should not be consuming Homogenized milk?
Homogenized milk contributes to heart disease, diabetes and other chronic disorders, as well as allergies, largely by boosting the absorbability of an enzyme in milk called Xanthine Oxidase XO. The higher blood levels of XO has contributed to disease promoting inflammatory processes in our body.
If you want to understand and learn more about it physiologically, check this link:
Where can you find Non-homogenized milk? What should you be looking for on your milk?
Most of the milk in United States is homogenized, so you will have to read the label closely
Non-homogenized organic milkwhich says Non-homogenized like this one. We are so accustomed to homogenized milk that we have forgotten that it is not in its Natural state. Look at the label. Natural state of milk is like oil in water emulsion. If left to sit over time, you will find its fat portion rising to the top of its water portion and forming a cream layer. Non-homogenized milk does not carry bacteria, as it is still pasteurized. Non-homogenized milk doesn't carry extra fat either. It just doesn't mess with the fat.
Whether these studies are true or not, I just feel more comfortable ingesting fat in a more natural state, the way it first existed.


text:
Conducting quantitative and qualitative research can be a unique process when targeting healthcare audiences, such as physicians, payers, key opinion leaders and patients. Best practices and techniques we use for consumer research can also be applicable to these audiences.
Stefan Cave, Client Operations Manager and Healthcare Subject Matter Expert with Kantar's Profiles division, breaks down what healthcare researchers should take from modern survey best practices, the importance healthcare double opt-in panels have on qualitative research and how the healthcare industry can take advantage of integrated data solutions.
Is there a difference to approaching survey design when engaging a healthcare audience versus a consumer audience?
In short, no. Too often, design concessions are made when targeting a professional audience based on the solemnity of the survey topic. However, Healthcare Professionals are regular people, just like us. They spend a lot of time on their smart phones, just like us. They're pushed for time, just like us. We should design surveys in the same way we approach consumer work, focusing on: narrative, engagement and device agnosticism.
How can technology play a role in engaging healthcare audiences?
The proliferation of technology has never been more exciting in research. It can be used to drive engagement, glean enriched responses and produce top quality data. It may not come as a surprise that this applies to a healthcare audience too! When designing research, we can use video open-ends to replace a tradition written open-end. These tools often come with software for further analysis. We can also use emotional coding technology to capture legitimate emotional responses to video stimulus. These solutions can better help answer the research objective.
With data privacy being a primary concern for researchers today, permission-based data sources have never been more important. How does Kantar ensure we're providing high-quality, validated healthcare respondents and data sources?
Our Healthcare Panel Team work tirelessly to ensure we provide high quality data. From registration to retirement, our respondents are subject to a rigorous verification process. Our respondents double opt-in and we verify their details: name, work place address and medical license number/certificate before a single research participation email is sent. Throughout our respondent's journey we regularly update their personal and contact information to ensure we are interacting with the right person at the right time.
There are benefits when using a supplier with a verified double opt-in panel of Physicians, Payers, Patients & KOLs to conduct qualitative research. Why is that?
It's simple. Through the double opt-in verification process, you can be confident that the professionals are:
From KOLs to GPs, when you engage with professionals who are also double opt-in panelists, you are reaching out to those who genuinely want to shape their industry for the better.
What was the most common mistake you saw in 2018 regarding the execution of qualitative research among healthcare professionals, and what can researchers do to avoid it?
A common mistake we see is conducting interviews in non-native languages and dialects. Although it may save on costs when you don't, it's important to ask whether anything is lost in translation. Are the questions being understood correctly? Is the respondent able to convey what they truly mean in their non-native tongue? Are we limiting who we approach by only targeting multi-linguals?
Ensure you're using highly skilled translators and moderators that will ask the right questions, in the right language, to deliver more insightful and valuable data.
We know that connecting survey data with other insights sources helps capture a holistic view of a target audience. How do you see integrating data sources being most useful for healthcare research?
Just as with consumer research, third-party data sources are available under the healthcare umbrella (i.e. patient records, etc.) that can be applied to patients profiles. When we think of building robust healthcare profiles efficiently while maximizing ROI, we think of three key benefits:
- The complete diagnosis: understanding the individual and all the factors that drive their decisions, gaining commercial advantage and a holistic view of target groups
- Getting to the heart of the matter: appending additional data sources to survey data allows you to only ask what you need to ask, but save time and money while enhancing profiles
- A targeted approach: identification of bespoke audiences for effective media targeting


For any set $X$ and positive integer $k$ denote by $[X]^k$ the set of subsets $S\subseteq X$ such that $|S|=k$.
Let $H=(V,E)$ be a hypergraph such that for every $e\in E$ we have $|e|\geq 2$. A map $c:V\to \kappa$, where $\kappa$ is a cardinal, is said to be a (hypergraph) coloring if for all $e\in E$ the restriction $c|_e$ is not constant. By $\chi(H)$ we denote the smallest cardinal $\kappa$ such that there is a coloring $c:V\to \kappa$.
Given any positive integer $n$, we consider it as a finite cardinal $n = \{0,\ldots,n-1\}$. It is easy to see that if $a, b$ are positive integers with $a < b \leq 2a$ then $\chi\big((2a, [2a]^b)\big) = 2$: color the even members of $2a$ with $0$, and the odd members with $1$.
Given a fixed positive integer $k>2$, is there always $n>2k-2$ such that $\chi\big((n, [n]^k)\big) = n$?
 - 2
 $\begingroup$ $\chi((n,[n]^k))=\lceil n/(k-1)\rceil$ $\endgroup$ – Fedor Petrov Jan 31 '19 at 15:46
Notice that a map $c : n \to \kappa$ is a coloring of $(n,[n]^k)$ iff no element of $\kappa$ has $k$ distinct preimages. Hence by the pigeonhole principle $\chi((n,[n]^k)) = \lceil\frac{n}{k-1}\rceil$.
Now for any $k \geq 3$ and $n > 2k-2$ we have $n > 2$, so $\frac{n}{n-1} < 2 \leq k-1$, implying $\frac{n}{k-1} < n-1$.
Thus $\chi((n,[n]^k)) = \lceil\frac{n}{k-1}\rceil < n$.
Your Answer


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'dd': Convert and copy a file ============================= 'dd' copies a file (from standard input to standard output, by default) with a changeable I/O block size, while optionally performing conversions on it. Synopsis: dd [OPTION]... The program accepts the following options. Also see Note: Common options. The numeric-valued options below (BYTES and BLOCKS) can be followed by a multiplier: 'b'=512, 'c'=1, 'w'=2, 'xM'=M, or any of the standard block size suffixes like 'k'=1024 (Note: Block size). Use different 'dd' invocations to use different block sizes for skipping and I/O. For example, the following shell commands copy data in 512 kB blocks between a disk and a tape, but do not save or restore a 4 kB label at the start of the disk: disk=/dev/rdsk/c0t1d0s2 tape=/dev/rmt/0 # Copy all but the label from disk to tape. (dd bs=4k skip=1 count=0 && dd bs=512k) <$disk >$tape # Copy from tape back to disk, but leave the disk label alone. (dd bs=4k seek=1 count=0 && dd bs=512k) <$tape >$disk 'if=FILE' Read from FILE instead of standard input. 'of=FILE' Write to FILE instead of standard output. Unless 'conv=notrunc' is given, 'dd' truncates FILE to zero bytes (or the size specified with 'seek='). 'ibs=BYTES' Read BYTES bytes at a time. 'obs=BYTES' Write BYTES bytes at a time. 'bs=BYTES' Both read and write BYTES bytes at a time. This overrides 'ibs' and 'obs'. 'cbs=BYTES' Convert BYTES bytes at a time. 'skip=BLOCKS' Skip BLOCKS 'ibs'-byte blocks in the input file before copying. 'seek=BLOCKS' Skip BLOCKS 'obs'-byte blocks in the output file before copying. 'count=BLOCKS' Copy BLOCKS 'ibs'-byte blocks from the input file, instead of everything until the end of the file. 'conv=CONVERSION[,CONVERSION]...' Convert the file as specified by the CONVERSION argument(s). (No spaces around any comma(s).) Conversions: 'ascii' Convert EBCDIC to ASCII. 'ebcdic' Convert ASCII to EBCDIC. 'ibm' Convert ASCII to alternate EBCDIC. 'block' For each line in the input, output 'cbs' bytes, replacing the input newline with a space and padding with spaces as necessary. 'unblock' Replace trailing spaces in each 'cbs'-sized input block with a newline. 'lcase' Change uppercase letters to lowercase. 'ucase' Change lowercase letters to uppercase. 'swab' Swap every pair of input bytes. GNU 'dd', unlike others, works when an odd number of bytes are read--the last byte is simply copied (since there is nothing to swap it with). 'noerror' Continue after read errors. 'notrunc' Do not truncate the output file. 'sync' Pad every input block to size of 'ibs' with trailing zero bytes. When use with 'block' or 'unblock', pad with spaces instead of zero bytes.
automatically generated by info2www version 22.214.171.124


Hawke's Bay earthquake
On 3 February 1931, New Zealand's deadliest earthquake devastated the cities of Napier and Hastings, Hawke's Bay. At least 256 people died in the magnitude 7.8 earthquake: 161 in Napier, 93 in Hastings, and two in Wairoa. Many thousands more required medical treatment.
What happened?
At 10.47am on 3 February 1931, a violent shock, followed closely by a second, rocked Hawke's Bay for almost three minutes. A tanker at sea felt a violent vibration, and the seamen on board looked to the shore to see Napier covered by a cloud of rising dust.
Hastings Street after the Napier earthquake [Feb. 1931], CCL PhotoCD 4, IMG0039
The HMS Veronica had just tied up in Napier's inner harbour when the earthquake hit. Captain Morgan at first thought there had been an explosion on board, but then saw the wharf twisting, and beyond it houses and other buildings crumpling to the ground. Dust rose in clouds from the shattered buildings, making it difficult for people to breathe, and huge splits in the roads appeared.
Panic-stricken, people ran down to the beaches where they hoped to be safe. As the water in the bay receded with the rising of the land, many thought that a tsunami was on the way, but this was not the case.
Injuries and fatalities
The first victims of the earthquake were people who ran out to the street and were struck by falling masonry, as the stone decorations on many of the buildings crashed to the ground. Many were killed instantly when buildings collapsed on them, but others were buried in the rubble. Most of the deaths were in the city centres.
Attempts to rescue the trapped and injured began almost at once. The local people were helped by sailors from the HMS Veronica. Some would-be rescuers were killed when buildings collapsed further, or more earthquake tremors struck.
Fire and rescue
Hastings Street after the Napier earthquake [Feb. 1931] CCL PhotoCD 4, IMG0040
At the central fire station in Napier the engines were covered in debris from the destroyed brigade building, and were unable to be used when fires broke out in the city centre soon after the earthquake. In Napier the gas supply had been shut off three minutes after the first tremor, and the risk of fire from electrical faults was avoided by fuses on the street power poles which blew out. Fires were started in three chemist shops where a gas jet was kept burning to melt the wax used to seal prescriptions. The shops also had a lot of flammable materials, such as different types of oil.
Water for fighting fires ran out as pipes cracked and broke underground, and fighting the fires became impossible. Rescuers fought to bring out the trapped and injured victims from the rubble before the fires reached them, but many people died in the fires. Because human lives were the first priority, many valuable records and goods were lost in the blaze. The weather had been fine, after many hot dry days. A wind blew up not long after the earthquake, and spread the fires further. The fires burned in Napier for 36 hours before finally dying out.
Lives lost and buildings destroyed
The nurses' home in Napier, built only a year before, collapsed, killing twelve of the nurses. A rest home was destroyed and 14 elderly men who lived there were killed. The Napier Boy's High School assembly hall was severely damaged, but fortunately all of the boys had left the building. However, at Napier Technical College ten boys and two teachers died when a room collapsed on them.
Hastings Street after the Napier earthquake [Feb. 1931] CCL PhotoCD 4, IMG0041
Emerson Street after the Napier earthquake [Feb. 1931], CCL PhotoCD 4, IMG0041
The courtroom became the morgue where bodies were laid out to be identified by relatives. Emergency hospitals were set up, but the doctors and nurses were limited in what they could do to help the injured because of a lack of medical supplies.
Back-up medical teams were sent from Auckland on board Navy ships, and from Wellington by train. The main roads in both Napier and Hastings were blocked by mountains of rubble, while landslides caused more damage in the hilly parts of both areas. In Napier, houses built on the hill-side suffered a lot of damage, especially those that had two storeys. Most of the brick and stone buildings of Napier were destroyed and many wooden buildings wrecked.
Hastings Street after the Napier earthquake [Feb. 1931] CCL PhotoCD 4, IMG0038
In Hastings, 20 kilometres away, brick buildings and chimneys also collapsed. The water supplies in both cities were no longer working. The tram tracks in Napier were twisted out of place. As power was lost, trams came to a halt all over Napier. When the city was rebuilt, the tram lines were not restored.
One 90-year-old man was buried in the earthquake rubble, but was finally dug out alive, three days later. In Hastings almost 200 buildings were destroyed. The most deaths were in a department store, but there were also many who died in the public library. Hastings also suffered from fires and the firefighters had problems with their water supply, but the spread of the fire was not as great as in Napier.
How many died?
256 people died (161 in Napier, 93 in Hastings, two in Wairoa).
Other events and outcomes
Cover of Quake: Hawke's Bay 1931The earthquake was felt in most of New Zealand, apart from the Auckland peninsula and Otago. The hands of the clock on the band rotunda in Napier stopped at the time the earthquake struck, 10:47 am.
Telephone and telegraph lines were down in Hawke's Bay, so information about the earthquake and requests for help had to be sent by wireless operators on the HMS Veronica and other ships. The sailors from the HMS Veronica and other ships in the area collected supplies of food and other goods from the evacuated buildings in Napier and took them to the emergency camp and hospital set up at Greenmeadows. This camp stayed in operation for six weeks after the earthquake.
The day after the earthquake, Napier was officially evacuated. With water and sewage pipes out of action, the risk of disease was high. Over 5000 people left the city, including many of the injured that could be moved. Half-destroyed buildings were completely demolished in the interests of safety. Explosives were used to make a hole in the cemetery big enough for 54 coffins in the first burial service.
About the the earthquake
The earthquake had a magnitude of 7.8 on the Richter scale. There was no seismograph in Hawke's Bay, but the waves of the earthquake were measured at Wellington and other places around New Zealand. The main fault was buried under the earth's surface, and did not break it. Instead it heaved up the land and set off two smaller faults which broke on the surface.
The sea floor just off Hawke's Bay was lifted more than 2.7 metres, and the Ahuriri Lagoon and tidal flats were drained. The present Napier airport stands on land which was once part of the lagoon.
The impact of the earthquake was greater than the Murchison earthquake a year earlier, because it struck in an area where there was a higher population. The structures in the area were not earthquake-resistant, which meant that the high number of deaths was the result of collapsing buildings and falling debris. The Hawke's Bay earthquake was the worst natural disaster recorded in New Zealand.
Rebuilding after the quake
When Napier was rebuilt, the streets were widened and the services improved, including the installation of New Zealand's first underground power system. The architectural fashion of the time was known as Art Deco, and central Napier is almost entirely built in this style.
More information and sources
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Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
|Title:||Long-term statistics related to evaporation duct propagation of 2 GHz radio waves in the English Channel|
Warrington, E. Michael
Siddle, David R.
|Publisher:||American Geophysical Union|
|Citation:||Radio Science, 2010, 45 (6), RS6010|
|Abstract:||This paper presents long‐term statistics additional to those previously published pertaining to evaporation duct propagation of UHF radio waves in the British Channel Islands, with particular focus on a completely over‐sea 50 km transhorizon path. The importance of the evaporation duct as an anomalous propagation mechanism in marine and coastal regions is highlighted. In particular, the influence of various atmospheric parameters on the performance of a popular operational evaporation duct model is examined. The strengths and weaknesses of this model are evaluated under specific atmospheric conditions. The relationship between the continually varying evaporation duct height and transmitter‐receiver antenna geometries is analyzed, and a range of statistics related to the implications of this relationship on the received signal strength is presented. The various issues under investigation are of direct relevance in the planning of long‐range, over‐sea radio systems operating in the UHF band, and have implications for the radio regulatory work carried out by organizations such as the International Telecommunication Union.|
|Rights:||Copyright © 2010, American Geophysical Union. Deposited with reference to the publisher's archiving policy available on the SHERPA/RoMEO website.|
|Appears in Collections:||Published Articles, Dept. of Engineering|
Files in This Item:
|Published article 2009RS004339.pdf||1.55 MB||Adobe PDF||View/Open|
Items in LRA are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.


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While putting together the Colosseum, reader JdV noticed that the black Technic pins joining together parts of the base were not the same as the Black Technic friction pins that he had come to know and love over the past 30 or so years. He then asked me what I knew about it?
Nothing. so I took a closer look at the element, and saw that it had some definite differences in design.
But is it significantly different? Is it functionally different? And can we fathom why it has been introduced? I dove headfirst into the Brickset database, pulled out my trusty Macro Lens and Digital Micrometer, and set about my investigations…
I went back to where the initial query began building the Colosseum:Continue reading


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Leveraging the Performance Testing Methodology, SOASTA provides consulting services both directly and through our partners. Consulting services are integrated into CloudTest On-Demand engagements or are available on an ad hoc basis and range from test creation and execution to project management, strategy and implementation planning.
SOASTA's Performance Test Strategy Workshop is typically a multi-day session with a Senior Performance Engineer designed to identify and document the requirements and goals that will drive a test plan and:
* Align business requirements with processes
* Integrate performance testing into ADL
* Establish success criteria
* Define a monitoring strategy matching KPIs
* Align teams to deliver to performance goals
The Performance Test Strategy Workshop often leads into an Implementation Planning engagement to document the people and processes necessary to deliver on the strategy. The Implementation planning session:
* Clarifies roles and responsibilities
* Establishes communication mechanisms
* Defines the execution model
* Creates a framework for building test plans
* Focuses on taking action on results
Once a strategy and implementation plan are in place, SOASTA can assist or manage the execution of the tests. Desired test types are identified in the plan, which, when taken together, make for a well-rounded view of application performance and reliability. The most successful online application companies are executing on well-defined performance and readiness plans that include a mix of tests, such as:
Baseline: the most common type of performance test. Its purpose is to achieve a certain level of peak load on a pre-defined ramp-up and sustain it while meeting a set of success criteria such as acceptable response times with no errors.
Spike: simulates steeper ramps of load, and is critical to ensuring that an application can withstand unplanned surges in traffic, such as users flooding into a site after a commercial or email campaign. A spike test might ramp to the baseline peak load in half of the time, or a spike may be initiated in the middle of steady state of load.
Endurance: help ensure that there are no memory leaks or stability problems over time. These types of tests typically ramp up to baseline load levels, and then run for anywhere from 2 to 72 hours to assess stability over time.
Failure: ramps up to peak load while the team simulates the failure of critical components such as the web, application, and database tiers. A typical failure scenario would be to ramp up to a certain load level, and while at steady state the team would pull a network cable out of a database server to simulate one node failing over to the other. This would ensure that failover took place, and would measure the customer experience during the event.
Stress: finds the breaking point for each individual tier of the application or for isolated pieces of functionality. A stress test may focus on hitting only the home page until the breaking point is observed, or it may focus on having concurrent users logging in as often as possible to discover the tipping point of the login code.
Diagnostic: designed to troubleshoot a specific issue or code change. These tests typically use a specially designed scenario outside of the normal library of test scripts to hit an area of the application under load and to reproduce an issue or verify issue resolution.


Configuring connectivity for your Ubuntu Core appliance
Ubuntu Core is especially designed for appliances: you can very easily create a customized image by defining your own model assertion and including the specific snaps you need for your target application. At the same time, the system is security-first and you can finish configuration on it only by connecting via a system console. However, this can be inconvenient some times, as accessing the console is not immediate in many devices: sometimes you need special connectors/cables or even doing some soldering. If that is the case, you would be better off by having an easier way of performing the configuration.
Canonical has had a solution for this for a while, the wifi-connect snap. This snap helps you to configure connectivity for the device by creating a wifi Access Point to where you can connect from a mobile phone and then select the wifi network where the device should connect to. This is very useful in a scenario where a technician installs a device, and then configures basic connectivity so the device can reach the Ubuntu store and receive updates.
The wifi-connect snap is not published in the store: instead, the sources are public so anybody can take them as reference and adapt to their needs.
How does it work?
Wifi-connect allows you to configure wifi connectivity in an ingenuous way: it creates an Access Point to which you can connect from a mobile phone. When you do so, the phone will present you a captive portal that, after asking for a password, will show you a list of surrounding wifi SSIDs (wifi network identifiers). You can select and introduce the password for any of those SSIDs, and after that the AP you connected to shuts down and the device tries to connect to the selected SSID. If it fails in the attempt, it will create the AP again so you can still access the portal and re-try.
Wifi-connect has two modes: in the management mode, it lets you configure the wifi network the device connects to, as described in the previous paragraph. Once a successful connection happens, you enter operational mode. This mode exposes a portal that allows you to disconnect from any wifi the device is connected to. If you do this, you go back to management mode. Of course, to access the operational portal you need access to the network the device has connected to.
Selecting wifi from captive portal
How to set it up?
You can build the snap from sources and then include it in your image. You also need to include the network-manager snap, which is needed to control the wifi interface (previously, wifi-connect also had the wifi-ap snap as a dependency, but after some recent changes that is not the case anymore). Note that you will need network-manager snap from the 1.10 track or from a more modern track. When testing, you can install NM with
snap install --channel=1.10 network-manager
There are some interface connections that you need to perform, either manually or by configuring them via gadget connections. The commands you need to run if doing this manually are
snap connect wifi-connect:firewall-control
snap connect wifi-connect:network-manager network-manager
You will also need to configure some of the wifi-connect settings. First, to set the exposed AP name and password:
snap set wifi-connect wifi.ssid=
snap set wifi-connect
To configure the portal password:
snap set wifi-connect portal.password=
To enable the operational portal (it is disabled by default):
snap set wifi-connect portal.operational=true
And to set the wifi interface to use:
snap set wifi-connect wifi.interface=
There are also options to set the subnet, country code, channel, and band for the AP. Another interesting option is "config-wifi-once", that disables the management portal once the device has connected successfully once to a wifi network:
snap set wifi-connect config-wifi-once=
You can configure these settings from your image gadget too (defaults section). Finally, the project contains a very extensive documentation that explains the snap in more detail. Hopefully now you have everything you need to get started with wifi-connect!