text:
A straight or curved diagonal line.
Definition: The main diagonal portion of a letterform such as in N, M, or Y is the stroke. The stroke is secondary to the main stem(s). Some letterforms with two diagonals, such as A or V have a stem (the primary vertical or near-vertical stroke) and a stroke (the main diagonal).
Other letter parts such as bars, arms, stems, and bowls are collectively referred to as the strokes that make up a letterform.
In typography, a stroke can end in a number of ways. Examples include:
The Serif, including:
- The regular serif
- The bracketed serif
- The half-serif
The terminal, which is any stroke that does not end in a Serif
- The finial, a tapered or curved end
- The swash, an extended or decorative flourish that replaces a serif or terminal on a letter
- The lachrymal (or teardrop), as found in Caslon, Galliard, and Baskerville
- The ball, as found in Bodoni and Clarendon
- The beak, as found in Perpetua, Pontifex, and Ignatius
One of the lines of a letter of the alphabet.


text:
WebMD Medical News
Laura J. Martin, MD
Sept. 27, 2010 -- Learning a mind-body technique called "mindfulness meditation" seems to help people with multiple sclerosis cope with the depression, fatigue, and anxiety associated with the disease, a new study indicates.
Researchers in Switzerland signed up 150 people with mild to moderate multiple sclerosis and randomly assigned them to receive usual types of care for the disease or to take part in an eight-week mindfulness meditation training course.
Patients in the training program focused on mental exercises that were aimed at developing non-judgmental awareness of the present moment, or mindfulness. Classes of 2.5 hours were held weekly, along with an all-day retreat and 40 minutes daily of homework assignments.
The researchers say people who took the meditation training managed to reduce fatigue, depression, and anxiety and report improvements in overall life quality, compared to people who received usual medical care. And the positive effects of the training, the researchers report, lasted for at least six months.
"People with MS must often confront special challenges of life related to profession, financial security, recreational and social activities and personal relationships, not to mention the direct fears associated with current or future physical symptoms and disability," study author Paul Grossman, PhD, of the University of Basel in Switzerland, says in a news release. "Unfortunately, the treatments that help slow the disease process may have little direct effect on people's overall quality of life, fatigue, or depression. So any complementary treatments that can quickly and directly improve quality of life are very welcome."
Grossman mentions in the study that MS is an unpredictable disease, that some people can feel good for months and then have an attack that can reduce their ability to work or take care of their family.
"Mindfulness training can help those with MS better cope with these changes," Grossman says. "Increased mindfulness in daily life may also contribute to a more realistic sense of control, as well as a greater appreciation of positive experiences that continue to be part of life."
Only 5% of participants in the meditation class dropped out during the study, compared to 9% of participants in the usual care group. Those in the meditation group showed improvement in nearly every measure of fatigue, depression, and quality of life issues. Those who received standard medical care showed declines in such life quality measurements.
At the start of the study, about 65% of participants in the meditation group had serious levels of depression, fatigue, or anxiety, but meditation training reduced that by a third at the end of training, and the positive effects were still evident six months later, according to the study.
The authors say it's unclear whether mindfulness meditation helps because it increases the sense of control of patients or increases their tolerance, acceptance, and courage to deal with the effects of the disease.
The study is published in the Sept. 28 issue of Neurology. An accompanying editorial concludes that because there was no active control group of patients using a different type of intervention, it's unclear that the apparent good results were specifically due to training in the meditation techniques.
Grossman and some fellow researchers report having received fees from several foundations that are studying the disease as well as from pharmaceutical companies.
SOURCES:News release, American Academy of Neurology.Grossman, P. Neurology, Sept. 28, 2010; pp _PHONE_.Tavee, J. Neurology, Sept. 28, 2010; pp _PHONE_.
The Health News section does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. See additional information.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
It starts with a review of trends in the development of urban sanitation systems and then explores the interaction between menstrual management and sanitation systems, mainly relating to the issue of disposal of used menstrual blood absorption materials. Finally, it proposes a framework of interactions by positioning a range of issues of particular relevance for menstrual management into the different parts of the sanitation system.
In the framework (chapter 3), the most important menstrual management and sanitation system interactions from the perspective of the user occur at the toilet, where the facility conveniently serves (or not) the needs of the user, and to some extent conditions the behavior related to the disposal of used menstrual material. Further downstream, in the collection, conveyance and treatment parts of the system, the interactions relate mainly to the way menstrual waste has been disposed of and its potential to cause and contribute to blockages and the filling up of receptacles.
Generally, the appropriate disposal method for used menstrual pads and such material is with solid wastes that are collected separately from feces and urine. Where such arrangements are lacking or not used, menstrual waste may be inappropriately disposed of through sanitation facilities, which may lead to clogging or system failure. Understanding the interactions between menstrual management and sanitation is therefore important for improving sanitation functional access and ensuring benefits and sustainability of sanitation systems.
The review of interactions between sanitation systems and menstrual management (chapter 2) indicates that blockages are a real issue in the management of sewerage systems, and that menstrual products – particularly those composed of super-absorbent materials – contribute significantly to the problem. Relating to other systems, interactions are less clear, though non-degradable material may contribute to filling up of latrines and need to be manually removed for the use of excreta material in ecological sanitation systems.
It appears that information to the users is central for their behavior with regard to disposal of used menstrual materials. Still, in order to avoid absorption materials to be disposed of with feces, it is absolutely necessary to have bins or other receptacles available. Further, hand-washing facilities need to be situated within the toilet facility for menstruating women and girls to be able to handle menstrual hygiene. Still, menstrual management issues are rarely considered in the design of sanitation systems.
Looking towards future urban sanitation systems, one may assume that they need to save water, pollute less, and become more cost-effective. Looking at the general trends, however (chapter 1), we see an increased reliance on water-borne systems. In Latin America and China, these systems appear to be sewered, whereas in many parts of Asia an increasing proportion of the urban population relies on septic tanks. In Sub-Saharan Africa, however, traditional latrines mostly cater for the growing urban populations.
This review forms part of the Menstrual Management and Sanitation Systems research project financed by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


How to schedule sleep computers Win 10, 7
There are many great tips, useful for user computers and how to schedule sleep for your computer is also one of the tips would recommend to you. There are many ways to schedule your computer to sleep and if you are looking for one of them, the following guide will be for you. always wants readers to update more interesting and useful tips when using a computer. We always start from the simplest ones and with a computer sleep timer will be a tip that we can easily get used to as well as easily do it after just a few taps. Specifically how to schedule the computer sleep, let's do it with below.
Sleep timer computer
How to schedule computer sleep
Step 1: To be able to schedule the computer to sleep easily here uses a small software called Sleep Timer, download Sleep TimerGo to your computer here first.
Step 2: Sleep Timer tool allows us to sleep the computer and its usage is simple, download and open Sleep Timer directly without having to install. And when opened, this is the interface of Sleep Timer and we can get acquainted and use immediately.
how to sleep a computer 2
Step 3: First, let's pay attention to the three modes of Sleep Timer: Countdown, Inactivity and Time.
how to sleep a computer 3
Countdown: Time will count down when Sleep Timer is activated.
Inactivity: Time is not active until after the Sleep Timer is activated.
Time: Select a fixed time of the day after activating the Sleep Timer.
And by our side is the action taken after satisfying the Mode condition including Hybernate (almost like sleep), Restart and Shutdown.
Hybernate: Hibernation is similar to Sleep, if you do not have Sleep, choose Hybernate.
Restart: Computer restart mode.
Shutdown: Computer off mode.
how to sleep a computer 4
Step 4: To schedule the computer to sleep we need to select Mode Time and Action is Hybernate and click Start to start.
Note: If you want to stop the Sleep Timer, press STOP and turn it off, then press the X button, if you press the shutdown button your computer will shut down immediately.
how to sleep a computer 5
In addition to how to schedule computer sleep with the Sleep Timer, we can apply a fairly good way again or again available on the computer that is using the tools available in the computer by clicking Start, type Sleep Settings and access the link. display results.
how to sleep a computer 6
In the Power & sleep section, we only need to choose the time the computer sleeps after not using the computer for how long, this way is quite similar to the Inactivity mode of the Sleep Timer.
how to sleep a computer 7
The above are basic tips on computers that help users quickly schedule a computer sleep. Perhaps this is still not the most perfect way and will continue researching and sending readers the fastest.
If you're researching a sleep timer, what about the shutdown timer, do you know about this problem. If not, try to find out because the way to shutdown the computer is so much easier and often used.
You are tired of each time you turn off your computer to wait too long, right, so how to turn off the computer quickly with commands or software. This issue has researched and if interested readers can refer to the turn off the computer quickly here.
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text:
"The Leander cradle is a cradle that does not stand on the floor. I have created it so it can be suspended from the ceiling. Four straps are gathered into one point, either in a hook in the ceiling or in a stand made especially for the cradle.
I came up with the idea when my sister-in-law had twins and it was difficult to take care of both children simultaneously. I discovered that by suspending a cradle from one point, it was easy to rock the one child with just a nudge with the elbow and hold the other child at the same time.
Suspending the cradle meant that the cradle does not just swing in one direction and the movements become calm and free so they resemble the movements the child experienced in his or her mother's tummy. At the same time, the cradle is easy to set into motion. It is developed for the child's body awareness, to experience that he or she can make the cradle move.
The free way in which the cradle moves helps to stimulate the child's sense of orientation. The sense is in the inner ear and it is not only crucial to our balance. It tells us about the body's position in relation to the surroundings and about direction and speed so, for example, we know how we should place ourselves when we are to catch a ball. It also helps the brain to sort out the many impressions so we can concentrate better.
The sense of orientation also contributes to strengthening the body's muscles in relation to balance. If the sense is poorly developed, the child has difficulty sitting on a chair and it can be difficult to concentrate on learning."


text:
Ontario's Historical Plaques
Learn a little Ontario history as told through its plaques
These two plaques are at the same location.
Both can be seen on this page.
Photo by Alan L Brown - Posted April, 2004
Photo by contributor Wayne Adam - Posted February, 2012
Photo Source - Wikipedia
Coordinates: N 44 06.090 W 79 26.470
Erected 1825-32, its architecture symbolizes the religious beliefs of its builder, David Willson, born in New York State 1778. Disowned by the Society of Friends (Quakers), he established hereabouts the Children of Peace (Davidites) in 1812, a small sect which retained some Quaker mysticism while placing great emphasis on ceremony, music and practical education. Most Davidites were strong political reformers and several joined Mackenzie's force in the Rebellion of 1837. Following Willson's death 1866, the strength of the sect diminished and its last service was held here 1886.
Photo by Alan L Brown - Posted May, 2009
This elegant structure stands as testament to the faith and good works of the Children of Peace. In _PHONE_ master carpenters Ebenezer and John Doan constructed it to the plans of religious leader David Willson who was inspired by Biblical descriptions of Solomon's Temple and the New Jerusalem. The square plan symbolized the sect's egalitarian beliefs and cooperative principles. Once a month and on holidays the Temple was the scene of music-filled ceremonies. Its rescue from demolition in 1918 by the York Pioneer and Historical Society is an early example of historic conservation in Canada.
Here are the visitors' comments for this page.
Posted June 29, 2011
This building was used to film scenes in "Samuel Lount" (1985), a movie about the Rebel leader (see his plaque pages on this site and at torontoplaques.com). The film portrayed Lount as a member of the pacifist sect, but characterized his involvement in the Rebellion as unique. This plaque says support for fighting the British was common amongst members. -Wayne
Posted June 9, 2011
When I lived in Toronto years ago, I would visit this spot quite frequently. Absolutely unique architecture, and just a wonderful place for a visit!
Posted November 8, 2010
Amazing structure, thank Heaven it was saved from demolition! I used to visit it years ago. Nothing else like it!!
Here's where you can write a comment for this page.
Note: If you wish to ask me a question, please use the email link in the menu.
Note: Comments are moderated. Yours will appear on this page within 24 hours
(usually much sooner).
Note: As soon as the comment is posted, a link to it will appear on the home page in the section "Here are the 10 latest plaque pages with a new comment added by a visitor to this site."


Main page content begins here
The City owns approximately 9,000 titled properties (22,000 acres/8900 hectares). An important part of managing these land assets is understanding and addressing any potential risks associated with possible environmental contamination. In order to do this, the City has created a formal city-wide Contaminated Sites Management Program (CSMP). The CSMP includes 4 main components which address the following:
 - Site identification
 - Site management
 - Real estate related concerns
 - Third party liability
The City manages sites to ensure that potential risks to public health and the environment are mitigated to the satisfaction of Alberta Environment and Parks and Alberta Health. The City is in the early stages of implementing the CSMP, which is expected to take several years due to the large number of properties owned by the City. Work is proceeding based on a ranking of properties using characteristics such as site information, land use activities, public access and operational requirements.
What does contamination mean?
Contamination of land and water can occur for a variety of reasons and from a variety of sources. Activities such as the operation of a fuelling site, salt storage for roadway maintenance, fire suppression and waste disposal are all activities which could result in environmental contamination. Sites operated in the past, when environmental concerns were not well understood or recognized, are often at risk for contamination. Sites constructed now are usually engineered to manage potential contaminant sources to prevent pollution of the environment.
Not all contaminants pose a risk to human health. Each contaminant listed in the Tier 1 and Tier 2 Soil and Groundwater Remediation Guidelines published by Alberta Environment and Parks poses different risks to each receptor category in the guidelines. Receptors are the organisms that may be affected by the contaminants, for example freshwater aquatic organisms, agricultural plants, or people. Contaminants are evaluated for their harm to the receptor including effects such as human health, fish mortality and even soil structure. Not all contaminants are harmful to human health. Those that are harmful to human health do not always fall into the category of toxins, poisons or carcinogens.
Most contaminants are not considered 'hazardous.' Hazardous waste is defined through legislation and regulation in Alberta. There are specific requirements for the management of hazardous waste. Typically, environmental contamination is not found in concentrations that would be considered hazardous waste.
What is a contaminated site?
For the purposes of the CSMP, a contaminated site comprises one or more properties where substances exist in soil, groundwater, or surface water in a greater concentration than is allowed under the Environmental Protection and Enhancement Act (Alberta) Tier 1 and Tier 2 Soil and Groundwater Remediation Guidelines. Contamination can occur through operational use, such as at fuelling sites or maintenance yards, as well as through historical activities due to human occupation, such as filling of low areas, fires, coal mining or the unmanaged dumping of refuse.
Why manage contamination?
Unidentified and unmanaged contamination can affect the City in many ways including:
 - Impacts on the environment and public health and safety
 - Financial loss due to unanticipated liabilities
 - Legal liability due to non-compliance with legislation
 - Impacts to reputation as a responsible, sustainable and transparent municipality
 - Ability to successfully deliver facilities and infrastructure that support communities and contribute to Edmontonians' health and wellbeing
How is contamination managed?
Sites in the CSMP are managed to ensure there is no risk to public health or the environment using a number of approaches including:
 - Remediation - involves activities such as excavation and disposal of contaminated soils at an approved Class II (municipal type) landfill, treatments such as biodegradation or chemical oxidation and groundwater treatment.
 - Risk Assessment - involves the application of statistical calculations based on contaminant concentrations and distribution to determine the risk to specific receptors (people, plants and the environment) through a specific pathway (for example skin contact, consumption of water). Risk Assessment can be used to calculate site specific guideline values for the contaminants, following approved protocols published by Alberta Environment and Parks.
 - Risk Management - occurs after a Risk Assessment has been conducted and includes measures to mitigate the risks that are identified. These could include preventing site access through fencing, placing a barrier to the contaminated soils such as asphalt, concrete or a maintained turf layer, using administrative controls such as development permits and zoning restrictions to prevent unapproved excavation.
CSMP Site Locations
Notice: All information on the City of Edmonton website, including but not limited to the contaminated site information map and site location information (the "Information") is subject to our Conditions of Use.
Geo-Environmental Report Request Form
There is a fee of $75 per search. Report copies are subject to photocopying or digital copying fees.
For More Information
Geotechnical and Environmental Services
Engineering Services Section, Integrated Infrastructure Services
11004 190 Street NW
Edmonton, AB T5S 0G9
Title Geo-Environmental Information Coordinator


text:
Rapid Bus: A Low-Cost, High-Capacity Transit System for Major Urban Areas
16 Pages Posted: 10 Oct 2014
Date Written: July 30, 2014
Prompted by federal funding, more than 30 American cities have built or are building new rail transit lines. These expensive lines have debatable value as they put transit agencies in debt and impose high maintenance costs, yet they carry few riders more than the buses they replace and produce minimal, if any, environmental benefits.
As an alternative to rail transit, this paper proposes a "rapid bus" system that would offer fast, frequent, and comfortable transportation to most people in an urban area. This paper will estimate the annualized costs of such a system and compare it with the costs of a traditional system of rail supplemented by feeder buses. Based on these estimates, this paper finds that: While rail lines serve a limited number of corridors, for less money a rapid bus system can reach nearly everyone in an urban area. A rapid bus system can offer more frequent service at faster average speeds and fewer transfers between transit vehicles, all at a lower cost than rail. Rapid buses also offer more comfortable rides because two-thirds to three-fourths of bus riders can be seated, whereas more than half of rail riders must stand when the rail system is operating at capacity. Rapid bus systems are scalable, with low incremental costs, as downtown employment centers grow from 40,000 to 500,000 jobs. In contrast, rail systems require huge expenditures to start up and expand. While a four-line light-rail system can bring only about 36,000 people per hour into a downtown area, the rapid bus system described in this paper can bring as many as 140,000 people per hour into downtown. While rapid buses cannot cost-effectively replace the long-established subways and commuter trains serving New York City, they could save taxpayers' money by replacing aging rail transit systems in Boston, Chicago, Philadelphia, San Francisco, and Washington. Urban areas with 40,000-200,000 downtown jobs should expand their transit systems using rapid buses rather than light rail or other rail systems. Urban areas with fewer than 40,000 downtown jobs probably do not need any form of high-capacity rapid transit.
Keywords: rapid bus system, light rail alternative, feeder bus system
JEL Classification: L62, L9, L91, L92, O18, R41, R42
Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation


text:
The Stanford Mineral and Microchemical Analysis Facility is equipped with a state-of-the-art JEOL JXA-8230 "SuperProbe" electron microprobe. The electron microprobe measures the elemental compositions of solid samples by detecting the X-rays emitted on excitation by a focused electron beam, down to a spatial resolution of about 1 micron. All elements heavier than beryllium can be detected, at concentrations as low as 10's of ppm. Highly quantitative analyses are made using 5 wavelength dispersive X-ray spectrometers (WDS) with calibrations based on known standard materials. Compositional images (maps) can readily be obtained with backscattered electrons (sensitive primarily to mean atomic number), or with WDS or EDS X-ray data. The instrument is adjacent to the Stanford Nanocharacterization Laboratory (SNL), at the west end of the first floor of the McCullough Building.
The microprobe is equipped with an "xCLENT III" advanced hyperspectral cathodoluminescence (CL) system, which provides full color images, as well as point-by-point optical spectra, of the visible light emissions induced by the scanning electron beam. Such images are often very useful for rapid mapping of mineral or alloy distributions in complex samples, seeing patterns of zoning in distributions of trace elements in individual grains, or evaluating structural/lattice defects in various materials. CL data can be readily combined with X-ray and electron signals at each point to provide great flexibility in mapping composition and phase distribution.
The Stanford Electron Microprobe Laboratory has an experienced staff that have worked on a variety of applications ranging from geological and biologic materials to nano-particles and integrated circuits. The quality of every dataset produced in the laboratory is evaluated by lab staff prior to being sent to the user and/or PI (data quality is evaluated, no data interpretation). In addition, we also have experience interpreting and modeling data, evaluating and qualifying materials for applications, and performing root-cause failure analyses, and are happy to provide further assistance if needed.


text:
The Journal of Geology
The northeastern portion of the Idaho batholith (NIB) intruded Proterozoic rocks of the Belt-Purcell supergroup between SO and 90 Ma. Whole-rock Sm-Nd isotopic analyses of batholithic rocks yield depleted mantle model ages (T oM) between 1. 72 and 1.93 Ga and values of eNd between -17. 7 and - 21.2, similar to associated metamorphic rocks and within the range for Belt-Purcell sedimentary rocks. Premagmatic zircons from one sample of the NIB were analyzed individually using the SHRIMP ion microprobe and yielded a single age population at 1.74 Ga. This apparently single-aged source contrasts with the range of ages reported for zircons from sedimentary rocks of the Belt-Purcell supergroup and suggests that the batholith was not the product of melting Belt-Purcell sediments, nor was it significantly contaminated with these sediments. The source of the batholith, however, appears to be of appropriate age and composition to be a major contributor of sediment to the Belt basin. In addition, the near coincidence of TOM and the age derived from premagmatic zircons in one sample suggests the source of at least part of the batholith was extracted largely from 1.74 Ga depleted mantle, with little or no input from older rocks. If so, this crust may represent a possible continuation of crust of similar age and character exposed to the north in the Canadian cordillera and to the south in Nevada, Arizona, and southeastern California.
Mueller, Paul A.; Shuster, Robert Duncan; D'Arcy, K. A.; Heatherington, A. L.; Nutman, A. P.; and Williams, I. S., "Source of the northeastern Idaho batholith: isotopic evidence for a Paleoproterozoic terrane in the northwestern U.S." (1995). Geography and Geology Faculty Publications. 56.


Boost logo
Boost :
Subject: Re: [boost] [serialization] How are floating point values handled?
From: John Maddock (john_at_[hidden])
Date: 2013-08-07 13:38:13
> This actually raises a problem when using text archives with floating
> point data - if you want to be able to round trip the values, then how
> many digits precision should you set the stream to? Particularly if
> you're saving a complex structure containing different floating point
> types of differing precisions?
Let me rephrase this somewhat: if I'm the author of a complex data structure
that contains floating point data and I make it serializable, I have no way
to ensure serialization proceeds correctly: instead that burden falls on the
person creating the archive. For sure in small projects these will be the
same person, but clearly not when "library writing". And yes, I realize
that many compilers don't round trip floating point values even when you
print "enough" digits, but at least they get close. The current default
situation is to print just 5 digits, and that certainly doesn't get close!
But, rant over for now ;-)
Cheers, John.


Twobit Pass 1: standardization of syntax.
Pass 1 collects information needed for optimization while converting a Scheme definition or expression into the front end's intermediate form. It performs hygienic macro expansion, eliminates internal definitions, checks syntax, and gives a unique name to each local variable (alpha conversion). Pass 1 also creates for each local variable a table containing all references, assignments, and procedure calls to that variable. If the integrate-usual-procedures compiler switch is true, then Pass 1 performs some constant folding and normalizes the number of arguments passed to procedures such as + and make-vector.
As an example, Pass 1 converts
(define reverse-map
 (lambda (f l)
 (define (loop l x)
 (if (pair? l)
 (loop (cdr l)
 (cons (f (car l))
 (loop l '())))
into a forbiddingly large intermediate form that is equivalent to
((lambda ()
 (set! reverse-map
 (lambda (.f|1.l|1)
 ((lambda (.loop|2)
 (set!.loop|2
 (lambda (.l|3.x|3)
 (if (pair?.l|3)
 ((lambda (.x|6|9)
 (.check! (pair?.x|6|9) '1.x|6|9)
 (.cdr:pair.x|6|9)))
 (cons (.f|1 ((lambda (.x|15|18)
 (.check! (pair?.x|15|18) '0.x|15|18)
 (.car:pair.x|15|18)))
 (.loop|2.l|1 '())))
This would be a legal expression of IEEE Scheme, except the renamed identifers are illegal: They have been prefixed by a period and contain a vertical bar. These illegal characters prevent any conflict with the names of legal global variables, which are not renamed. When Twobit is used as a preprocessor, legal but obscure sequences of characters are used instead of the period and vertical bar.
The internal definition of loop has been converted into a LET that binds.loop|2 to a newly allocated location whose contents are undefined, and then stores the result of a lambda expression into that location. That is a literal rendering of the official semantics for an internal definition in Scheme, but most optimizing compilers do not expand internal definitions and LETRECs to such a low level.
Calls to certain of Scheme's standard library procedures, including car and cdr, have been expanded into calls to low-level procedures that are protected by explicit run-time checks.
The output of Pass 1 has several important properties:
Since there are no internal definitions in the output of Pass 1, Pass 2 has only seven kinds of expression to optimize.


Wednesday, March 9, 2011
Treadmill vs. Running Outdoors
I am often asked these questions with regards to running and treadmills:-
1) Is running on a treadmill equivalent to running outdoors?
2) If i can run on the treadmill for 20 minutes, will i be able to run for 20 minuted outdoors?
3) Which is more effective to burn calories, running on a treadmill or running outdoors.
So i thought, its best that i clarify this topic properly so everyone understands why running on a treadmill is different than running outdoors. At first glance, the 2 may seem similar, but actually, there are quite a few differences.
Here are the answers to the questions:
1) Very similar, but not 100% similar
2) Not necessarily. Running outdoors is more challenging than running on a treadmill
3) Running outdoors at 6km/h for 20 minutes burns more calories than running 6km/h for 20 minutes on a treadmill.
OK, let me explain in more detail so all the answers make sense. Though the treadmill allows us to mimic a very similar movement of running, it is actually quite different. Running on a treadmill is actually easier than running outdoors. Why is it easier to run on a treadmill compared to outdoors?
For several reasons such as:-
a) There is no wind resistance when running on a treadmill. Because your body is stationary, you don't experience any wind resistance, which makes it easier.
b) The terrain is always uniform on a treadmill, where else running outside is never uniform. Because of this, your body is constantly working to adjust and balance itself to ensure that you can keep running and not fall down. Even this takes up extra energy... a little, but if your body is doing this constantly for 20 minutes, the little bit adds up.
c) Treadmill helps to propel you forward. In a treadmill, moving forward is assisted by the belt of the treadmill. Because of this, there is almost no energy used to propel you forward. Only energy being used is to keep your feet moving. When running outside, you have to move your feet and propel yourself forward, which makes it that much more taxing. Running on a treadmill is equivalent to running on the spot. I have read that adjusting the treadmill to a 1% incline will make it just as challenging as running outdoors.
Because of the reasons above, running outdoors is more challenging and burns more calories that running on a treadmill. Now, with that being said, it doesn't mean that all treadmills should be junked away immediately. There are some pro's that a treadmill has:
1) its not weather sensitive. Rain or shine, you can have a run at any time you want.
2) If you are a beginner to running, the treadmill provides you a safe and comfortable environment for you to build up your endurance / skill.
If you are training to be an outdoor runner (eg. running a marathon), then as far as possible, your training should be more outdoors than on the treadmill. Treadmill is a great place to get in a workout when the weather is not favourable, but overall, you should spend more time running outdoors.
So there you have it. The verdict on treadmill vs running outdoors. I still do the treadmill once a week, and i usually play with the incline and speed to make it more challenging and less boring. If you are a more serious athlete or fitness buff, than running flat on a treadmill for 20 minutes might put you to sleep. So feel free to play with the adjustments available to keep your workout challenging and effective for your fitness level. As usual, look forward to hearing your comments.
derik c. said...
do yo have any tips how to choose a suitable treadmill? and recommendation? :)
Don Kalreone said...
Hi. I bought mine at. They deliver anywhere in Malaysia. Try the F85 model. its really good :)
Gwendolyn Ray said...
Are you thinking of buying a treadmills? If yes, then here you can get what you want: treadmill reviews.
shreenarayanyogpeeth said...
Sivanesan Subramaniam said...
This comment has been removed by the author.
Sivanesan Subramaniam said...
choosing treadmills?? try read out this : best treadmill
Laura Francis said...
DiGena john said...


text:
The rise of the Red Mafia in China: a case study of organised crime and corruption in Chongqing
- First Online:
- Cite this article as:
- Wang, P. Trends Organ Crim (2013) 16: 49. doi:10.1007/s12117-_PHONE_-8
- 1.2k Downloads
'Red Mafia' is the collective term for corrupt public officials in mainland China, mainly from the criminal justice system, who attempt to monopolise the protection business in the criminal underworld by abusing power. In contemporary mainland China, the Red Mafia has developed into an alternative system of governance that can control organised crime groups, enable them to flourish, and protect them where strong government and effective self-protection associations are absent. The author examines organised crime and corruption by analysing the Wen Qiang case, one of the most famous and widely publicised cases in Chongqing's latest crime crackdown campaign. Drawing on interview data and extensive published materials, this paper offers a tentative definition of 'Red Mafia', develops a typology of organised crime, describes the emergence of the Red Mafia in China, explores how gangsters developed relationships with public officials, suggests why organised crime groups chose the Red Mafia as their preferred protection and enforcement mechanism, examines patterns of services provided, and explores the differences between the Red Mafia and other Mafia groups.


text:
The 1st millennium in North American history provides a time line of events occurring within the present political boundaries of United States (including territories) from AD 1 through 1000 in the Gregorian calendar. Although this time line segment may include some European or other world events that profoundly influenced later American life, it focuses on developments within Native American (and Polynesian) communities. Because the indigenous peoples of these regions lacked a written language, we must glean events from the admittedly very incomplete archaeological record and place them in time through radiocarbon dating techniques.
Because of the inaccuracies inherent in radiocarbon dating and in interpreting other elements of the archaeological record, most dates in this time line represent approximations that may vary a century or more from source to source. The assumptions implicit in archaeological dating methods also may yield a general bias in the dating in this time line.


circe / circe-fs2
Streaming JSON parsing and decoding with fs2
Version Matrix
Build Coverage status Gitter Maven Central
This project provides support for using fs2 for streaming JSON parsing and decoding with circe, a Scala library for encoding and decoding JSON to Scala types.
Circe-fs2 provides different pipes to parse your streams of JSONs depending on whether your stream is:
 - a \n-separated stream of JSON values or value stream:
{ "repo": "circe-fs2", "stars": 14 }
{ "repo": "circe-config", "stars": 5 }
 - or a JSON array:
The appropriate pipe for the job also depends on your input stream value type (i.e. String, Byte or Segment[Byte]).
The following table sums up every pipe available as a function of the input stream value type as well as the JSON structure:
String Byte Segment[Byte]
Value stream stringStreamParser byteStreamParser byteStreamParserS
Array stringArrayParser byteArrayParser byteArrayParserS
As an example, let's say we have a stream of strings representing a JSON array, we'll pick the stringArrayParser pipe which converts a stream of String to a stream of Json, Circe's representation of JSONs:
import io.circe.fs2._
val stringStream: Stream[IO, String] =...
val parsedStream: Stream[IO, Json] = stringStream.through(stringArrayParser)
Circe-fs2 also comes with a decoder pipe which, given a Decoder[A], produces a Stream[F[_], Json] => Stream[F[_], A] pipe.
For example, using Circe's fully automatic derivation:
case class Foo(a: Int, b: String)
val parsedStream: Stream[IO, Json] =...
val decodedStream: Stream[IO, Foo] = parsedStream.through(decoder[IO, Foo])
Contributors and participation


17 May 2021
What Are My Chances Of Successful Migration?
If you are planning to make a big move, either on your own or with a family, you must look into whether or not you qualify before trying to apply for migration. It is important that you consider the following information, but you should understand that there is no guarantee of a positive outcome. You can be perfectly eligible, but you can still be denied for reasons such as there having been too many approved applications.
Fluent Language Skills
You have a good chance of qualifying if you already speak the language and can read and write fluently. For example, with Australia immigration from Dubai is relatively easy because most people in the UAE can speak English and will pass the language tests involved in the application process.
Recognized and Required Professional Skills
Most developed countries will have little to no need for your skills, to put it bluntly. However, there are many professions that these countries have vacancies for but a shortage of skilled prospective employees. Especially if you are seeking US immigration, for example, your skills and qualifications could be your ticket there. If you have work experience that you can demonstrate, you have a significant chance of acceptance.
If you have a reliable and credible sponsor who is willing to vouch for you, you might just have it made. If you have been invited by a well-known company, for example, looking to hire you for an important job, officials will be unlikely to reject your application. Make sure the right documentation and sponsorship letters are provided with the forms. You need to know what work permits or visas to apply for accordingly.
Clean Background
Ideally, you should have a clean bill of health and no criminal charges to speak of. Just about every country requires these boxes to be ticked, or applicants have significantly lower chances of getting in. They will consider these along with your work experience and qualifications, as well as your previous education records.
Family and Dependents
Some countries are more likely to accept you if you are applying with your immediate family, while others will not want to have several dependents or unskilled individuals entering their nation. You must make sure you check on all requirements and what the country's definitions of dependents and minors are. Depending on the circumstances, you may have a slimmer chance of approval, but there will still be a chance nevertheless.
If you have any or all of the above on your side, you can be sure you have a good chance of getting into the country you are trying to migrate to.


text:
SPARC Assembly/SPARC Instructions< SPARC Assembly
Here is a quick-rundown of the arithmetic instruction format, when writing your SPARC code:
- mnemonic %rsrcA, srcB, %rdest
The instruction mnemonic (commonly, but inaccurately, also referred to as the "opcode") specifies the type of operation to be performed. rsrcA is the first operand, while srcB is the second. rsrcA must be a register, and srcB can usually be a signed immediate (13 bit) constant or a second register. rdest is the destination register, and not all instructions have one (for example: cmp for compare).
Note that in SPARC assembly language, instructions always read from left to right. The left (and middle, if present) operands are source operands. If the operation writes a result anywhere (as almost all operations do), the result is written to the rightmost operand (destination register or destination memory location).
In SPARC assembly language, the following instructions are completely valid:
add %r3, %r4, %r5
add %r3, 16, %r5
- The first instruction adds register 3 and register 4, and places the result in register 5.
- The second instruction adds register 3, and the number 16, and places the result in register 5.
As you can see, SPARC assembly places a % sign before each register name, while numeric literals are written normally.
Warning: This syntax is backwards from Intel syntax (used in PPC chips, and some compilers).
It should also be noted that many SPARC instructions such as the logic and arithmetic instructions have a version of each instruction with "cc" appended to the end of the mnemonic. These instructions perform the same function as their non-"cc" counterpart, but also set condition codes (more on these later) that can be used to regulate branching within a program. For example, the "add" instruction mentioned above has a counterpart "addcc", which when performing an addition sets specific condition codes that later branch instructions check when deciding whether or not to branch to another part of the program.
Comments will not be read by the compiler, and are indicated with an exclamation point. Anything following the exclamation point on that line will be ignored. Comments help you understand what you are doing, and why you are doing it. The following is a bad example of commenting:
sub %l0, %l3, %g1! Subtract local register 3 from l0, and put the result in global 1.! add %g1, %l4, %g1! We should add in local 4, but I'm not doing that yet
We can easily tell what we are doing; the code says that. The comments have told us nothing.
However this is better:
sub %l0, %l3, %g1! Subtract our monthly expenses from our monthly income.! This will later be used in function _foo.! add %g1, %l4, %g1! Local 4 will hold "other" sources of income, but we're not there yet.
Now we know what we're doing (we're figuring spare change for the month), and why we're doing it (function foo will apparently use this). Also, note that the second line in both examples will not be executed as their instructions have been commented out (apparently to be implemented later).
Do note that many people comment almost every single line of code in assembly, due to the fact that it can sometimes be difficult to tell what's going on without useful things like variable names, complex structures, etc.
Labels are indicated by placing a "label_name:" at some point in your code. As labels are just areas that give the compiler addresses, they can be used for anything that's stored directly in the program: most popularly, these are used for function jumps (via branch or call statements), or ways to reference constant variables. If it is a function, and not a jump, ".global" must be placed before it. There is one special label/global, just like every language, and that is the "main" label, which is where the program starts.
.global main main: save %sp, -64, %sp mov 5, %l0 cmp %l0, 5 be,a end ta 1! Should NEVER happen end: mov 1, %g1 ta 0
In this program are a bunch of things that might not be understandable, but this is a full program. It starts at the main function (defined by ".global main, followed by the label). It then copies the value "5" into a local register, and then compares that register to the value of "5". If they are equal, it branches to the label end, where the program then exits.


text:
The Tasmania Fire Service's Community Education Unit delivers a number of programs to the community to enhance community safety. These programs are free-of-charge.
The School Fire Education Program delivers fire safety information to all Tasmanian primary school students, promoting awareness of fire safety and fire hazards, and steps to take if fire breaks out in the home.
The Juvenile Fire Lighter Intervention Program is for children who engage in unsafe fire lighting behaviour at home or in the bush. Program content is tailored to the age and maturity of the children attending.
Project Wake Up! provides opportunities for people with disabilities and aged people to get advice from firefighters about fire safety matters in their homes, and when necessary, to have free smoke alarms installed.


text:
Mga likas na yaman sa timog asya?
Filipino translated to English: Natural resources in South Asia
The natural resources of South Asia include iron ore, bauxite, copper ore and coal. Also present are natural resources like forests that can be used for timber, paper and firewood as well as water used for hydroelectric power and irrigation.
According to the United Nations, Southern Asia is defined as being comprised of Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. This definition may change depending on the source. For example, Rutgers University also recognizes Myanmar and Tibet as belonging to Southern Asia.


text:
Provided by: dbus_1.4.6-1ubuntu5_i386
dbus-daemon - Message bus daemon
dbus-daemon dbus-daemon [--version] [--session] [--system] [--configfile=FILE] [--print-address[=DESCRIPTOR]] [--print-pid[=DESCRIPTOR]]
dbus-daemon is the D-Bus message bus daemon. See
_URL_ for more information about
the big picture. D-Bus is first a library that provides one-to-one
communication between any two applications; dbus-daemon is an
application that uses this library to implement a message bus daemon.
Multiple programs connect to the message bus daemon and can exchange
messages with one another.
There are two standard message bus instances: the systemwide message
bus (installed on many systems as the "messagebus" init service) and
the per-user-login-session message bus (started each time a user logs
in). dbus-daemon is used for both of these instances, but with a
different configuration file.
The --session option is equivalent to "--configfile=/etc/dbus-1/session.conf" and the --system option is equivalent to
"--config-file=/etc/dbus-1/system.conf". By creating additional
configuration files and using the --config-file option, additional
special-purpose message bus daemons could be created.
The systemwide daemon is normally launched by an init script,
standardly called simply "messagebus".
The systemwide daemon is largely used for broadcasting system events,
such as changes to the printer queue, or adding/removing devices.
The per-session daemon is used for various interprocess communication
among desktop applications (however, it is not tied to X or the GUI in
SIGHUP will cause the D-Bus daemon to PARTIALLY reload its
configuration file and to flush its user/group information caches. Some
configuration changes would require kicking all apps off the bus; so
they will only take effect if you restart the daemon. Policy changes
should take effect with SIGHUP.
The following options are supported:
Use the given configuration file.
--fork Force the message bus to fork and become a daemon, even if the
configuration file does not specify that it should. In most
contexts the configuration file already gets this right, though.
--nofork Force the message bus not to fork and become a daemon,
even if the configuration file specifies that it should.
Print the address of the message bus to standard output, or to
the given file descriptor. This is used by programs that launch
the message bus.
Print the process ID of the message bus to standard output, or
to the given file descriptor. This is used by programs that
launch the message bus.
Use the standard configuration file for the per-login-session
Use the standard configuration file for the systemwide message
Print the version of the daemon.
Print the introspection information for all D-Bus internal
Set the address to listen on. This option overrides the address
configured in the configuration file.
Enable systemd-style service activation. Only useful in
conjunction with the systemd system and session manager on
Enable upstart-style service activation. Only useful in
conjunction with the Upstart init daemon on Linux.
A message bus daemon has a configuration file that specializes it for a
particular application. For example, one configuration file might set
up the message bus to be a systemwide message bus, while another might
set it up to be a per-user-login-session bus.
The configuration file also establishes resource limits, security
parameters, and so forth.
The configuration file is not part of any interoperability
specification and its backward compatibility is not guaranteed; this
document is documentation, not specification.
The standard systemwide and per-session message bus setups are
configured in the files "/etc/dbus-1/system.conf" and
"/etc/dbus-1/session.conf". These files normally a systemlocal.conf or session-local.conf; you can put local overrides in those
files to avoid modifying the primary configuration files.
The configuration file is an XML document. It must have the following
element "wins" (previous values are ignored). This element only
controls which message bus specific environment variables are set in
activated clients. Most of the policy that distinguishes a session bus
from the system bus is controlled from the other elements in the
If the well-known type of the message bus is "session", then the
DBUS_STARTER_BUS_TYPE environment variable will be set to "session" and
the DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS environment variable will be set to the
address of the session bus. Likewise, if the type of the message bus
is "system", then the DBUS_STARTER_BUS_TYPE environment variable will
be set to "system" and the DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS environment
variable will be set to the address of the system bus (which is
normally well known anyway).
Include a file filename.conf at this point. If the
filename is relative, it is located relative to the configuration file
doing the including.
 has an optional attribute "ignore_missing=(yes|no)" which
defaults to "no" if not provided. This attribute controls whether it's
a fatal error for the included file to be absent.
Include all files in foo.d at this point.
Files in the directory are included in undefined order. Only files
ending in ".conf" are included.
This is intended to allow extension of the system bus by particular
packages. For example, if CUPS wants to be able to send out
notification of printer queue changes, it could install a file to
/etc/dbus-1/system.d that allowed all apps to receive this message and
allowed the printer daemon user to send it.
The user account the daemon should run as, as either a username or a
UID. If the daemon cannot change to this UID on startup, it will exit.
If this element is not present, the daemon will not change or care
about its UID.
The last entry in the file "wins", the others are ignored.
The user is changed after the bus has completed initialization. So
sockets etc. will be created before changing user, but no data will be
read from clients before changing user. This means that sockets and PID
files can be created in a location that requires root privileges for
If present, the bus daemon becomes a real daemon (forks into the
background, etc.). This is generally used rather than the --fork
command line option.
If present, the bus daemon keeps its original umask when forking. This
may be useful to avoid affecting the behavior of child processes.
Add an address that the bus should listen on. The address is in the
standard D-Bus format that contains a transport name plus possible
If there are multiple elements, then the bus listens on
multiple addresses. The bus will pass its address to started services
or other interested parties with the last address given in
first. That is, apps will try to connect to the last address
tcp sockets can accept IPv4 addresses, IPv6 addresses or hostnames. If
a hostname resolves to multiple addresses, the server will bind to all
of them. The family=ipv4 or family=ipv6 options can be used to force it
to bind to a subset of addresses
A special case is using a port number of zero (or omitting the port),
which means to choose an available port selected by the operating
system. The port number chosen can be obtained with the --print-address
command line parameter and will be present in other cases where the
server reports its own address, such as when DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS
tcp addresses also allow a bind=hostname option, which will override
the host option specifying what address to bind to, without changing
the address reported by the bus. The bind option can also take a
special name '*' to cause the bus to listen on all local address
(INADDR_ANY). The specified host should be a valid name of the local
machine or weird stuff will happen.
Lists permitted authorization mechanisms. If this element doesn't
exist, then all known mechanisms are allowed. If there are multiple
 elements, all the listed mechanisms are allowed. The order in
which mechanisms are listed is not meaningful.
Adds a directory to scan for.service files. Directories are scanned
starting with the last to appear in the config file (the first.service
file found that provides a particular service will be used).
Service files tell the bus how to automatically start a program. They
are primarily used with the per-user-session bus, not the systemwide
 is equivalent to specifying a series of
 elements for each of the data directories in the "XDG
Base Directory Specification" with the subdirectory "dbus-1/services",
so for example "/usr/share/dbus-1/services" would be among the
The "XDG Base Directory Specification" can be found at
_URL_ if it hasn't moved,
otherwise try your favorite search engine.
The


text: This week we have been learning about the men who signed up to fight on the Frontline between _PHONE_. We met a few people along the way. Soldiers such as Henry, Jack and Arthur. Children looked at historical documents and conducted some research to build a picture about who these men were, where they lived and where they fought. The children then looked at a WW1 trench map and marked on the places that these soldiers fought. We all loved learning about these individuals and the children were extremely proud to hear about the brave men that took part in the war who were from Farlsey.


text:
A century ago, a British museum curator named John Alfred Carlton Deas organized sessions where blind children could handle objects in the Sunderland museum collection.
The event was so successful that he expanded the program to include blind adults.
The idea makes sense not just for blind people, but also for visual artists. If you know how a form feels, you can definitely draw it better.
An interesting drawing exercise is to confront a novel object blindfolded and then, without looking at it, figure out how to draw it. The experience gives you a whole new understanding of shading and contours.
These photographs come from the Public Domain Review.


Acc-557 review of accounting ethics – week 3. many organizations have
Many organizations have been in the news over the past few years due to accounting ethical breaches that have affected their customers, employees, or the general public. Search the Internet or the Strayer Library to locate a story in the news that depicts an accounting ethical breach. You may select from any type of organization about which you have information or a curiosity.
Connect with a professional writer in 5 simple steps
Please provide as many details about your writing struggle as possible
Academic level of your paper
Type of Paper
When is it due?
How many pages is this assigment?
Write a four to five (4-5) page paper in which you:
1.Given the corporate ethical breaches in recent times, assess whether or not you believe that the current business and regulatory environment is more conducive to ethical behavior. Provide support for your answer.
2.Based on your research, describe the organization, the accounting ethical breach and the impact to the organization related to ethical breach.
3.Determine how the organizational ethical issue was detected and how management failed to create an ethical environment.
4.Analyze the accounts impacted and / or accounting guidelines violated and the resulting impact to the business operation.
5.As a CFO, recommend which measures could have been taken to prevent this ethical breach and how each measure should be implemented in the future.


text:
This image shows only the swells directed at Mauvaise Greve that coincided with light winds or offshore conditions through a typical September. It is based on 1680 predictions, one every 3 hours. The direction of the spokes show where quality surf generating swell comes from. Five colours show increasing wave sizes. The smallest swells, less than 0.5m (1.5 feet), high are coloured blue. Green and yellow represent increasing swell sizes and red illustrates the largest swells, greater than >3m (>10ft). In each graph, the area of any colour is proportional to how often that size swell happens.
The diagram indicates that the prevailing swell direction, shown by the biggest spokes, was W (which was the same as the most common wind direction). The chart at the bottom shows the same thing but without direction information. For example, swells larger than 1.5 feet (0.5m) coincided with good wind conditions 23% of the time, equivalent to 7 days. Open sea swells exceeding >3m (>10ft) are unlikely to arise in a normal September but 10% of the time you can expect swell in the range 1.3-2m (4-6.5ft) 10%, equivalent to (3 days). Taking into account the proportion of these swells that coincided with forecast offshore winds we think that that clean surf can be found at Mauvaise Greve about 23% of the time and that surf is blown out by onshore wind 63% of the time. This is means that we expect 26 days with waves in a typical September, of which 7 days should be clean enough to surf.
IMPORTANT: Beta version feature! Swell heights are open water values from NWW3. There is no attempt to model near-shore effects. Coastal wave heights will generally be less, especially if the break does not have unobstructed exposure to the open ocean.


One of the more obscure instruments of the early middle ages that seemed to be fairly widespread at least in northern Europe was the medieval viol (also called the guitar fiddle, or the "octave fiddle" for its figure 8 shaped body). It does not appear to be directly related to the renaissance viol family (derived from the Spanish vihuela di arco), but instead is a form of early bowed tenor or bass fiddle, probably used strictly for accompaniment of some kind. Versions of it show up in manuscripts and sculpture starting the the 1100's until the middle 1300's, when it fades away.
So what is it? It is a bowed stringed instrument, fairly large, somewhere around 30-35 inches in length from the images, exclusively played gamba style (on the leg, like a cello). It seemed to most commonly have three strings, though a couple of the images show as many as five. In southern Europe there seemed to be far less distinction between it and the "normal" medieval fiddles, especially as that region more frequently played the fiddle gamba style (the Spanish rebab, Cretan/Greek lyras, Balkan gadulkas for example are all still played that way). The instrument was most likely carved from a single block of wood, as most early medieval instruments were, with an attached soundboard. The shape of the body was roughly figure eight shaped, with various waist bumps or points. From the sculptural evidence, it seems as though the instrument had both a flat soundboard (again, very typical of early medieval instruments) and a flat back (also consistent with a block carved instrument). Other elements were quite varied.
The difficulty in getting any real written evidence for its existance is that it didn't appear to have a separate name. There definitely seems to be a distinct iconographic type, but no separate word for it. We tend to run into this problem with the rebec as well, as all bowed instruments, especially in the medieval period, tended to be called some variant of fiddle (viol, viola, vielle, fiedel, etc.) indescriminately. As such we don't really have any confirmable textual evidence for the instrument (though there are lots of references to fiddles). This also includes tuning, which we'd have to make some sort of guess on based on the physical form of the instrument and the scant information we have on tuning of fiddles in general. There are no physically surviving examples.
That leaves the iconographic evidence, which I present below. I will try to point out what features seem to be relevant with each one, and then try to make some summary statements about what might be a "typical" instrument. First I will make my normal disclaimer regarding historical pictoral evidence. The artists and sculptures often worked without models, and in some cases (as is extremely evident in the beastiaries) without ever having seen the objects they are depicting. With musical instruments especially, you have to be careful in working out details from small marginal illustrations where the artist may be taking liberties for convenience or effect. For example, a harp drawn 1/4 inch high might only show six strings because that's the most the artist could physically fit into the picture. But that doesn't mean that specifically such harps only had six strings. Likewise, there are depictions of physically impossible constructions (pegs that couldn't turn or that are strangely placed; the number of strings and pegs not matching; etc.). So any consideration of iconographic evidence has to be taken with much trepidation and a good deal of salt. That said, a good deal can still be gleaned from such evidence, and, in any event, it is the only evidence we've got!
Below are the examples that I was able to find. The sources are noted with as much information as I could discover. Notes regarding shape and details follow. For images from which measurements could be taken, I then got some ratios. The Length to Width ratio represents (Total body lenth, from tailpeg to pegdisc)/(widest point of the instrument, usually the broadest point of the lower bout). The higher the number, the narrower the instrument. The body length to neck length ration is (Length of the soundbox portion of the instrument, from tailpeg to joint with neck)/(length of neck and pegbox, from end of the pegbox to the neck-body joint). High numbers indicate a very short neck, lower numbers a longer neck. The upper to lower bout ratio is the (width at widest point of the upper bout)/(width at widest point of the lower bout). Most of these are very close to one, as the bouts are actually usually quite close in size.
1. Mozarabic manuscript S. Beati de liebana explanatio in apokalypsis S. Johannis. Spanish c.920-30. Madrid, Biblioteca Nacional, Hh58, fol.127r.
This is the earliest depiction that I was able to find of anything like the instrument. As expected, it is from the Arabic region of Spain, where bowed instruments are first found in Europe (the Arabs having acquired bowing before the Christian Europeans did). Beyond the very stylized art style, it is difficult to know what to make of these unusual instruments. They are quite huge. If the scale is to be trusted, this would generate an instrument about 5 1/2 to 6 feet long, much like a modern upright bass. Depicted are a broad tailpiece, a tall flat bridge supporting three strings, and a fingerboard of some kind. The neck seems to be carved from a separate piece of wood from the body by the drawn joint. However, there is only one peg depicted, and the strings more or less change number upon hitting the neck (from 3 to 2), and disappear altogether upon reaching the nut. In some cases this might indicate that the strings run to the underside of the pegbox, but the rather odd cross with single central peg? don't seem to represent any real possible configuration. It is an odd outlyer instrument, and I wouldn't really call it a medieval viol. But it does show that a three-stringed bass bowed instrument did exist amongst the earliest of the bowed strings in Europe.
Ratio measures:
Overall length to width: 4.76
Body length to neck length: 1.50
Upper bout to lower bout (widths/diameters): N/A
2. St. Jerome's Commentaries on the Old Testament, c.1120. Trinity College, Cambridge. MS O.4.7 fo 112.
This is possibly the oldest image of the medieval viol as it more normally appears. Waisted figure eight shaped body, with a straight lined waist. The neck is distrinct from the body in line, but there is no line or break to indicate either two pieces or a fingerboard. No nut or bridge are depicted either, the former of which is almost a necessary part to the instrument (though not strictly necessary). I would make a guess that this is a unibody with neck construction from a single block. Three strings are evident, matching up with three pegs inserted into the top of a spade pegbox (though the pegs go off at unlikely angles). The tailpiece is quite large (seemingly normal for this type of instrument, as we shall see). The three lobes at the end of the tailpiece could be interpretted two ways. One would be a thick cord (depicted with two lines) running from the end of the tailpiece around a knob at the end of the instrument and back to the tailpiece. Another interpretation would be a decorative tailpiece with a three-lobed tail overhanging the end of the instrument. Given that the artist depicts the bow hairs with two lines as well, I would tend to favor the former interpretation (as a tailgut going around an endnut). There are two soundholes, shaped as simple slots, positioned directly at the waist of the instrument on either side of the strings. The rather long bow is held underhand (like a viol rather than like a cello bow). The whole instrument is about as long as the man's torso or arm, placing it at about 28-30 inches or so in total length, about the size of the treble or alto viol. Overall a good example to set up the type.
Ratio measures:
Overall length to width: 3.33
Body length to neck length: 1.62
Upper bout to lower bout (widths/diameters): 0.91
3. St. Albans Psalter, c 1120-30. Church of St. Godehard, Hildesheim St Godehard Bibliothek fol.56v, fol 37.
This image and the one below it both come from the same source, though stylistically I would say they come from two different artists. This version depicts a long narrow body, similar to some of the early plucked gittern/citole instruments. While there is a figure eight shape, there isn't a defined separate "waist" section, more a continuous curve. There is a small triangular tailpiece supporting three strings. Again there are a couple of ways to interpret the way the tailpiece is connected to the body here. It definitely is some portion of the tailpiece looped around an endnut or extending knob at the tail of the instrument. However there is no break in the outer line, so it would appear that the loop is potentially part of the wood of the tailpiece, suggesting a connection similar to the hook style of the later viol, though again it might simply


text:
2EQENV, C2EQSPEC and C2EQFIN, see the section "Updating the configuration files."
The UNIX directory where the collection process is to leave its data.
- Do not start the process until you finish updating your configuration.
- The first run fails with a CKR0945 message because the cutoff file does not yet exist. There is no harm in this failure; the file is created during this first job or started task. Just rerun.
Assigning a userid and preparing a directory to store the LEEF data
You must assign and prepare a UNIX directory where the LEEF data is stored for retrieval by QRadar. Like any UNIX directory, it must have both an owning user and an owning group. You probably want to use the home directory of the userid that runs the collection process (or a subdirectory of the home directory), and you probably want to use a dedicated file system.
zSecure provides three different jobs to create the required user and group, home directory, and file system:
1. Select the job that applies to your External Security Manager (RACF, ACF2, or Top Secret).
2. Adapt the job according to your conventions for users, groups, uids, gids, and data sets.
3. Depending on your choice for a batch job or a started task, uncomment the actions that create a SURROGAT or a STARTED profile, (for RACF, or the ACF2 or Top Secret equivalent). This step ensures that the process runs under the designated userid.
4. Specify the size of the file system, based on the amount of SMF data that is generated between two consecutive retrievals by the QRadar appliance. Allow for a margin to accommodate for SMF peaks or QRadar outages.
5. Run the job.
Make sure that the file system is mounted after subsequent IPLs. You might want to use the automount facility.
Updating the configuration files
If you want to use a new zSecure configuration data set (often called CKRPARM, although you can use any data set name), run job CKRZPOST. For information, see Chapter 6, "Deploying the software," in the IBM Security zSecure CARLa-Driven Components: Installation and Deployment Guide.
You can use an existing CKRPARM data set, but if it was created by an older level of zSecure, members C2EQENV, C2EQSPEC,and C2EQFIN might be missing. If so, copy these members from the SCKRCARL and SCKRSAMP libraries.
If you want further customization, also copy members C2EQ0ES, C2EQXES, and C2EQCES.
Then, customize the members:
1. Adapt member C2EQENV to specify your input: specify the UNLOAD and CKFREEZE data set that you refresh every day with the C2RJPREP job. See "Using a fresh CKFREEZE and UNLOAD each day" in the IBM Security zSecure CARLa-Driven Components: Installation and Deployment Guide.If you are using Top Secret, remove the UNLOAD allocation, because that does not apply to Top Secret.
2. Adapt member C2EQSPEC to specify your input and output:
a. Specify the same UNLOAD and CKFREEZE data set that you specified in member C2EQENV.
b. Specify the SMF that you selected as input, either as the name of a logstream, or by using the DSNPREF parameter. See "Making the SMF records available for QRadar" in the IBM Security zSecure CARLa-Driven Components: Installation and Deployment Guide.If you use the DSNPREF parameter, specify the DELETE parameter, so that the data sets that you created for this purpose during SMF offload are deleted after successful processing.
c. Specify the absolute path of the LEEF files. For log sources that do not occur in your system (for instance, for ACF2 when your system uses RACF, or the reverse), you can direct the output to /dev/null; this action avoids writing LEEF files that consist of only a zip header. For the other LEEF files, do not change the file name, and make sure that the directory part of the path matches the C2EQPATH parameter.
d. Specify the absolute path for the time-based cutoff file. This file is the one identified as TYPE=SMFHWIN and TYPE=SMFHWOUT. Make sure that you specify the same file in both cases.
Note: If you need to recover a lost SMF interval, blank out this file in order to prevent skipping the time period that you want to recover. After recovery is done, edit it back to the previous contents.
e. If desired, specify output options. The default options are in the zSecure-supplied sample member.
3. Adapt member C2EQFIN to specify the retention period (in hours) for the LEEF files.
4. Optionally, adapt members C2EQ0ES, C2EQXES, and C2EQCES as follows:
CARLa that is to be processed at the start of processing. You can use this member, for example, when IBM or vendor software writes badly formatted SMF records that cause errors. In this case, IBM Software Support can supply a set of CARLa statements to use until the problems with the OEM vendor are solved, or a more permanent solution is built.
You can also exploit this member to specify the right CCSID when translating, for example, double byte character set (DBCS) characters to UTF-8. For instance, for Japanese Latin extended Unicode, you can include the following CARLa statement:
CARLa EXCLUDEs for the SMF selection.
CARLa to customize the z/OS Log Source to also map installation-defined events. For example, you might have a product in place with its own SMF records.
Configuring QRadar to download the LEEF files
On the QRadar Console, specify the properties of the Log source. The following figure shows an example screen. See the Configuring DSMs Guide for QRadar for more information.
Configuring QRadar to show z/OS-specific event properties
QRadar shows a number of normalized event properties automatically. Additional fields can be added as custom properties in the QRadar user interface.
A list of appropriate fields that you will want to consider is listed in the document entitled QRadar Custom Event Properties for IBM z/OS in the IBM Security QRadar SIEM version 7.2.0 Product Documentation.
|Security||IBM Security zSecure Audit for ACF2||z/OS||1.13.0||All Editions|
|Security||IBM Security zSecure Audit for Top Secret||z/OS||1.13.0||All Editions|


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Title: The Minimum-Entropy Algorithm and Related Methods for Calibrating Asset-Pricing Models
We describe an algorithm for calibrating asset-pricing models based on minimizing the relative entropy between probabilities. The algorithm determines a probability measure on path-space which minimizes the Kullback information with respect to a given prior and satisfies a finite number of moment constraints which correspond to fitting prices. It admits, generically, a unique, stable, solution that depends smoothly on the input prices. We study the sensitivities of the model values of contingent claims to variations in the input prices. We find that hedge ratios can be interpreted as ''risk-neutral'' regression coefficients of the contingent claim's payoff on the set of payoffs of the input instruments. We also show that the minimum-entropy algorithm is a special case of a general class of algorithms for calibrating asset-pricing models based on stochastic control and convex optimization. As an illustration, we use minimum-entropy to construct a smooth curve of instantaneous forward rates from US LIBOR data and to study the corresponding sensitivities of fixed-income securities to variations in input prices.
1991 Mathematics Subject Classification:
Keywords and Phrases:
Full text: dvi.gz 30 k, dvi 73 k, ps.gz 93 k.
Home Page of DOCUMENTA MATHEMATICA


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Eisenhower was President. Elvis was King. It was 19 August 1959, and a new era in Kalamazoo's history was about to begin. The nation's first pedestrian shopping mall opened on the two blocks of South Burdick Street between Water and South Streets with much fanfare, a mere two and a half months after construction first began. The Jimmy Dorsey Orchestra was on hand to celebrate the event with 50,000 people who visited the mall on its first day, more than ten times the usual number.
So why would a city construct a pedestrian mall in the heart of its business district? Like the rest of the country, Kalamazoo faced urban decay. The growth of suburban shopping centers raised fears that downtown would lose its place as the business and cultural heart of the community. The city hoped that a mall would bring back business and counter the decline in real estate values.
The Gruen Plan
The Kalamazoo 1980 plan, also known as the Gruen Plan, was presented by the architectural firm Victor Gruen & Associates in March 1958. Its revolutionary design called for a loop street system that would encircle downtown; a series of pedestrian malls, new parking lots, and renovated stores and offices would lie in the center. Faced with maintaining the status quo or taking a bold step forward, the City Commission approved the design, although funding problems prevented the full plan from being implemented. Shared by the City of Kalamazoo and the property owners fronting the two-block mall, the cost of construction was only $60,000. A third block was added from South Street to Lovell Street in 1960, and a fourth between Water and Eleanor Streets in 1975. Through the leadership of Mayor Glenn Allen Jr., Elton Ham, Garret VanHaaften, Ray Dykema, Irving Gilmore, and others, the Kalamazoo Mall became a reality.
A Street Once More
Kalamazooans enjoyed the mall for nearly forty years, but ultimately it could not counter the continued effects of suburbanization. Critics complained of the lack of convenient parking, the exposure of shoppers to bad weather, public perceptions of crime, and less shopping diversity. In the mid-1990's the proposed introduction of an access street through two blocks of the mall became the most controversial component of Project Downtown's 10-point plan for Kalamazoo's revitalization. In a hotly contested election, voters approved the access street in May 1997. Construction on the 14-foot wide street began a year later in April 1998. The city officially reopened the street on 9 October 1998 with a weekend celebration highlighted by a visit from Governor John Engler, a big band concert reflecting the one in 1959, and a fireworks display. There was even a citywide raffle to select the lucky citizen who would drive the first car down the mall since 1959.
The unprecedented decision to construct a pedestrian mall in the heart of its business district placed Kalamazoo in the national spotlight in 1959. Today, critics argue that the heyday of the pedestrian mall has passed. Of the over two hundred pedestrian malls constructed in the 1970's and 1980's, only a few remain. People are still clearly divided over this issue. Yet despite the disagreement over the Kalamazoo Mall itself, the two sides ultimately want the same thing: a healthy and vibrant downtown.


these characteristics. It may or may not get activated.
 Examples are:
 - Sharingan was activated by Sasuke, while some Uchiha were not able to achieve it.
 2. Bloodline limits could also be obtained randomly by a senju or family branch, like the Uzumaki clan, or just a random genius like the 4th Hokage who wasn't part of senju or Uchiha or any bloodline limit clan at all.
 Examples are:
 - Kimimaro is the sole user of the bone bloodline limit, which is an original from Kaguya.
 - Sage Mode - considered a bloodline limit which requires a person who has massive amount of chakra to perfectly control his chakra without using any amount of chakra to obtain the sage levels. For example, Minato, Naruto, Hashirama,...
 3. Bloodline limits can also be achieved through implants/mastery/intense practice but has a low chance of getting it into perfect use.
 Examples are:
 - Kakashi's Mangekyu
 - Kabuto's Sage Mode
 - Yamato's Mokuton
Kekkei Tōta
An upgraded kekkei genkai or a 3-element bloodline limit user.
For examples:
 - Rinnegan - an upgraded state of Sharingan
 - Beast Bomb Rasenshuriken Jutsu - a densed Kyuubi, Sage, and Wind chakra
 - Mokuton no Jutsu
First of all they made it fair enough by make a new evolution of the byakugan which is TENSEIGAN that we saw in the seventh movie. They felt that the byakugan didn't get as much attention like the Sharingan.
I have two theories about this:
 1. We all know that byakugan is related to sharingan due to the anime.. BUT noticing that kaguya the mother of SGO6P had the byakugan! meaning that byakugan came first - rinnegan - then sharingan.. so byakugan is the ancestor of the other dojutsu. This infers that Kaguya had the power of the jubi plus her byakugan as a result, she awakened one rinne sharingan in her forehead.in other words maybe if a hyuga becomes the ten tails Jinchuuriki he\she will also awaken one of two : regular rinnegan or rinne sharingan.
 2. Second theory is about bloods. We know that on one side the uzumaki clan are relatives of the senju, on another side the uchiha clan is descended from the hyuga clan. so if a hyuga and an uzumaki/senju were to have offsprings, theyll perhaps have the power of the sage of the six paths! which means theyll awaken the rinnegan.. (for example himawari, lets see what future hides) hope u like it ;)
Seeing how Kaguya possesses both the rinne sharingan, which is the progenitor of the rinnegan, and the byakugan it is within the realm of possibilities that a byakugan user may awaken the rinnegan, but as a forehead third eye since they already have byakugan in both eyes and the original source of rinne and tensei chakra is Kaguya herself. But I would imagine that only select Hyuga or Moon Shinobi Otsutsuki clan members can do this depending on the purity of their blood that match either of Hamura's aspects (Hyuga or Moon Shinobi Otsutsuki) and/or whether or not Hamura's children have unique chakra like Indra and Asura that makeup the chakra of their parent and only them and their transmigrants can awaken the rinnegan/ rinne sharingan. This is an hypothetical conjecture since what you're asking has remained unanswered at the end of the Naruto series.
In an hypothetical scenario, it may be possible for an eligible Hyuga clan member to acquire Asura & Indra's chakra or chakra from Hagoromo himself and they may acquire a single forhead rinnegan. For the sake of logistics, lets say they acquire one purple rinnegan in their forehead. Why? Because there may be a component in Hamura's chakra that may mutate the rinnegan into the rinne sharingan and thus since we are talking about one third of said chakra they may acquire an incomplete rinne sharingan. For simplicity's sake let's say that an eligible Hyuga clan member can acquire a purple rinnegan and that an eligible Moon Shinobi Otsutsuki clan member can acquire a red rinnegan. When that missing 1/4th is acquired this may trigger the third eye to transform into its complete form, the rinne sharingan.
This hypothesis may connect with another hypothesis as to why Kaguya doesn't appear to have the tenseigan while Hamura has it. Perhaps by acquiring Hamura's chakra and the tenseigan and then acquiring the rinne aspect that the user previously lacked, said individual may awaken the third eye as the complete rinne sharingan, but as a consequence of its activation the tenseigan deactivates, because the tensei chakra now has a rinnegan to be processed by and thus in the absence of rinne chakra and the rinnegan the tensei chakra manifests as the tenseigan in the user's byakugan. This maybe the reason why Kaguya appears to lack the tenseigan while his son doesn't. I would also like to add that Kaguya's byakugan is considered a kekkei mora rather than a kekkei genkai and it may very well be for this reason. This is taking into account that Hagormo and Hamura each hold an aspect of Kaguya's chakra in their own and if both chakra were to merge, her chakra may likely mainfest in the individual. As already mentioned, Asura + Indra = Hagoromo as shown by Madara and unspecified Hyuga + unspecified Moon Shinobi Otsutsuki = Hamura as demonstrated by Toneri. So why wouldn't Hagoromo + Hamura = Kaguya? Let's also take into account that Hagoromo's rinnegan are purple and tomoeless while his mother's rinnegan is red and with (9) tomoe like the sharingan. The absence of the tensei component in Hagoromo may be the reason why there is a difference between his eyes and his mother's eye.
A possible counter arguement for this last paragraph would be that Kaguya can indeed activate the tenseigan and there is no relationship between the tenseigan and her rinne sharingan as explained above. She may have simply chosen not activate them during her fight with Naruto and Sasuke. It can be further argued that her tenseigan may be more advanced compared to her son's seeing as how her son's tenseigan seems to be able to evolve further by sealing other clan member's byakugan inside it. Being the source of all chakra her tenseigan could very well be more advance than her son's. However, this hypothesis is also debatable as there is no evidence that supports that she has the tenseigan.
Hope that this explaination makes sense and even if there is something that you may disagree with or that you don't like, because it's speculative in nature that at least this attempt of explaining an untestible unknown (until Kishi gets off his ass and tell us the answer) may get your imagination going so you may actually formulate your own explainations on this matter.
The byakugan was inherited from kaguya by her son hamura, while the constituent dojutsu that comprise the rinne-sharingan were inherited by hagoromo(sage of six paths), and as such, the byakugan cannot be transformed into the rinnegan, as its chakra constituents are totally separate. The byakugan can evolve he wever into the tenseigan, which exhibits similar abilities to the rinnegan, such as attractive and repulsive forces and truthseeker balls. In conclusion, the only way for a byakugan user to get the Rinnegan is by transplanting one and they must have massive chairs reserves and share even small relations to the senju, the uchiha or the uzimaki.
 - I'd have to disagree with that. In the anime, Hagaromo and Hamura, both have Byakugan at first. Then Hagaromo gets the Sharingan and later, the Rinnegan. – Ero Sɘnnin Dec 4 '16 at 3:26


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Definition: The PERT (Program Evaluation Review Technique) is a technique used in the planning and controlling of large scale projects. Simply, PERT is the statistical tool used to represent the set of activities (task), required to be performed for the completion of the project.
PERT is a planning and controlling tool for the management that provides the complete roadmap of activities involved in the completion of a project, along with the estimated time required for the completion of each task and the minimum time needed for the whole project to get completed.
PERT is used majorly for analyzing the project scheduling problems, wherein the time needed for the completion of each task and the whole project as a whole is uncertain. Thus, PERT lays emphasis on the uncertainty of completion time of the activities involved in the project. It is probabilistic in nature and hence is much used in the research and development projects.
A PERT Chart is created to represent a set of activities along with the estimated time (generally, in weeks) for its completion on a graph. It shows that for a completion of activities in the series the predecessor activities must be completed before beginning a new activity.
The activity is a task, and the event is the milestone. In the chart, the activity and task are represented by arcs and nodes as shown in the figure below:
In the graph, the milestones are numbered so that it is easily identifiable that the last node has a higher number than the beginning node. The activities are shown by the letters along with the expected time required for the completion of each activity. In this way, the management plots a graph and plan about the activities involved in a project and estimate the time needed for its completion.


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Biology | Summer Flowering Plants
B364 | 4134 | Gastony
Course Format: One 50-minute lecture and one 3-hour lab (MTWR). Labs on
Monday and Wednesday will usually involve fieldwork.
Prerequisites: One introductory biology course.
Course Description: Provides a broad, practical knowledge of the diversity
of summer flowering plants, with labs emphasizing training in plant
identification. Lectures discuss the morphological/taxonomic
characteristics of the approximately 40 most commonly encountered and/or
economically important families of flowering plants in this part of the
country, stressing features useful in recognizing these families. In labs
students analyze flower structures and apply resulting data to dichotomous
keys used to identify flowering plants to species. Specimens analyzed are
preserved as dried herbarium (museum) reference material to facilitate
species identification throughout the course and beyond. Course is
particularly practical for students of ecology and the environment wanting
to know what plant species occupy a given region, for school science
teachers engaged in interpreting and teaching the local flora, and for
those who are simply interested in learning the kinds of wild plant species
encountered in daily life for life-enriching or other purposes. Course
emphasizes wild flowering plants, but the techniques learned apply equally
to identifying cultivated plants. Further information on the Web at:
Required text: "Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and
Adjacent Canada", second edition, by Henry V. Gleason and Arthur Cronquist.
Weekly Assignments: Make a full set of properly identified and labeled
dried herbarium specimens. Learn the progressively cumulative
characteristics of the plant families discussed and illustrated in lectures.
Exams/Papers: Three major lecture exams spaced at thirds through the course
and covering lecture notes and assigned readings. Three major lab exams
that are keying (identification) exams, usually on the same days as the
lecture exams. A cumulative weekly recognition/identification quiz
covering the species encountered in the labs each week.


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|KEY WORD : architecture / storehouses|
|A form of storehouse which provided a fireproof place to keep valuables which were otherwise always at risk in highly combustible Japanese timber houses. It had a wooden structural frame externally covered by mud daub *tsuchikabe 土壁 about 20-30cm thick and usually finished with a smooth coat of white or black plaster *shikkui 漆喰. Internally the timber framework was exposed. Generally, in 17c urban centers, dozou had tiled roofs, but in districts where tile was difficult to obtain, the plasterwork covered the top of the structure to make it fireproof. It also had a second, independent outer structure roofed with thatch or shingles erected over it to protect the plaster from rain. Parts of walls exposed to rain were also tiled to protect plaster in certain districts. Openings were kept to a minimum, and thickly plastered swing doors and shutters with interlocking flanged reveals *kannonbiraki tobira 観音開扉, were used both for entrances and for the few small windows. Miniature roofs *kiriyokebisashi 霧除廂 were often provided to protect window and door surrounds from the elements. To prevent fire, the doors were closed and the joints sealed with mud that was kept in buckets nearby, rendering the dozou fireproof. Dozou became a symbol of wealth not merely because they were used to store valuables, but also because they were expensive and time consuming to construct. The low thermal conductivity of the thick walls kept the internal temperature of the dozou remarkably stable, also making it a suitable location for the manufacture of food products such as rice wine, sake 酒, and soya sauce, shouyu 醤油. It thus became an important form of proto-industrial architecture. The appearance of the word dozou in a donation letter of 1294 by the priest Shinsei 信聖, and on an illustration in the 14th roll of the early 14c "Kasuga Avatar Miracle Scroll" Kasuga Gongen genki-e 春日権現験記絵 confirm the existence of this building type by the end of the Kamakura period. Although dozou were used for storage purposes in the residences of the ruling classes, they are particularly associated with merchants, shounin 商人. Dozou appear within the plots of the larger merchant establishments in the early 17c screens *rakuchuu rakugai-zu byoubu 洛中洛外図屏風, but were still a relative rarity. They spread from major urban centers to provincial towns and farming villages during the Edo period and thereafter. Most dozou were 2 story, but 3 story dozou were a status symbol among wealthy merchants from the 17c and an example is preserved in the old quarter of Tondabayashi 富田林, near Osaka.|
(C)2001 Japanese Architecture and Art Net Users System. No reproduction or republication without written permission.


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You are hereHome ›
The Cave: Why is Change so Difficult?
Why is it difficult to change? We often operate in the world with the limited paradigms given to us by family, friends, media and even our government. As practitioners it becomes more important that we start to look beyond the surface and analyze our own behavior. Profiling is a form of stereotyping that may guide our decisions either giving or limiting resources to our clients. This workshop seeks to expose those thought patterns, create pathways to a greater understanding of ourselves and the systems in which we operate.
Topics: Racism, Hidden Bias, Paradigm Shifts, Authentic Learning
LUNCH WILL BE PROVIDED TO ALL ADLER STUDENTS WITH A STUDENT ID
- About Adler
- Programs of Study
- Student Services
- Adler in the Community
- Timeline for Commencement


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MAXINE HUNTE AND LEIGH-ANN WALDROPT BONAIR, UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST INDIES, TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO
Abstract: Crime represents a substantial development challenge in the Caribbean region. In Trinidad and Tobago, crime is a high priority issue that consumes public and government attention. Consequently, the government is confronted with increasing pressure to implement effective policy to respond to the escalating crime. This paper attempts to explore the changing nature and trends in crime in Trinidad and Tobago. It particularly focuses on the upsurge in violent (serious) crimes, with special emphasis on homicides and its 'juvenisation'. The paper also discusses the implications of these demographic changes and proposes appropriate crime reduction strategies.
Keywords: Crime, homicide, youth, crime reduction strategies, Trinidad and Tobago


text:
How Long Does the Sad Last?
How Long Does the Sad Last:
A Workbook for Grieving Children
We've helped thousands of grieving children. We are one of the most trusted names in helping kids and teens cope with grief:
Included in the workbook:
Children's Grief: An Open Letter to Adults
To Whom It May Concern:
Grief is always difficult. When you are a child, it becomes even more so. At times, the grief of children is overlooked because they may appear to be "moving on" or "doing fine". Unfortunately, children do grieve, although not always in ways that adults do. Children have been referred to as "silent mourners", in that their grief can go undetected. Unbeknownst to many adults, children often grieve alone. No
No longer does this have to be the case. At Kidlutions, we know that children's grief can be managed and woven into the fabric of their lives. We can help. Because it's important that kids get on with the business of being a kid, while honoring the loss they have experienced, "How Long Does the Sad Last: A workbook for Children", is something special:
~Designed by an award-winning child and adolescent therapist who is a past hospice social worker and administrator, and successful grant recipient for school-based grief programming.
~Well thought out and research-based questions to get to the heart of the matter with grieving children.
~A safe and nurturing way to open up difficult discussions with children.
~Suitable for children ages 4-12 (and even older).
~Costs less than the price of an insurance co-pay, or a couple of specialty coffees.
~Provides questions that can be used over and over again, across time, as children grow.
~Provides starting points for deeper discussions and thoughtful reflection
We hope you will give a grieving child the opportunity to move through their grief in a meaningful and healthy manner.
We Also Recommend


Why Diet When You Can Pump Junk Food Out of Your Stomach?
Losing weight is tough. You've got to eat healthier, start exercising, and just stop being such a lazy, horrible slob in general. That is unless you get a pump that literally sucks food out of your stomach and replaces it with water after the fact. Talk about enabling.
There are some catches though. It hasn't been approved by the FDA yet, and some of the users in the tests had problems with certain foods like "cauliflower, broccoli, Chinese food, stir fry, snow peas, pretzels, chips, and steak." Oh, also there's a tube going into your stomach that you use to pump unpuked vomit into the toilet. Participants in trial studies did manage to lose about half of their excess weight this way, around 45 pounds on average, so apparently it works.
Tech is great, and it can solve a lot of problems, but something about this just seems off. Sure, this isn't going to make you totally svelte and healthy if you're only eating McDonalds, but it still seems to miss the point of healthy eating. Also, it's gross, really gross. Admittedly the idea is to get users to move to a healthier diet, but surely there must be a way to do that without creating another bodily orifice, right? [Popular Science]