text:
Diet may hold secret to limiting E. coli
Beef recall prompts new research
By focusing on how nutrition of ruminants affects colonization and growth of E. coli O157:H7, University of Nebraska-Lincoln researchers hope to find a diet that limits the potentially deadly bacteria in feedlot cattle.
"The next step is to positively use nutrition because it's logical that what you feed an animal affects its microbiology," said Terry Klopfenstein, UNL animal scientist.
The Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources team expects the study to complement UNL's earlier, nationally recognized E. coli research. The team includes IANR Veterinary Scientists David Smith and Rod Moxley and Animal Scientists Galen Erickson and Klopfenstein.
UNL expanded its E. coli research program with support from Nebraska's Legislature afer the massive recall of E. coli-contaminated ground beef processed at Hudson Foods in Columbus in 1997.
Early research helped confirm that O157:H7 is common and widespread in feedlot cattle. Since E. coli is everywhere, eliminating it isn't realistic. Limiting it at key times, such as before slaughter, is the goal, Smith said.
By studying what goes on in cattle's digestive system, researchers will be able to study how what cattle are fed affects microorganisms in their gut. A goal is to soon add a rumen (gut) microbiologist to the team to study this.
Other UNL E. coli research tested several potential control methods for use in feedlots, including feeding a commercially available Lactobacillus acidophilus feed additive. UNL also worked closely with Canadian researchers on a vaccine. Feeding the Lactobacillus acidophilus feed additive reduced fecal shedding of E. coli by about 35 percent, while the vaccination reduced shedding by about 65 percent. The Canadian company Bioniche has obtained approval to market the vaccine in Canada. The vaccination still is awaiting approval for commercial use in the United States.
Moxley said learning more about the gut will complement this earlier research and offer one more added protection for reducing E. coli in feedlot cattle.
"It's like wearing your seat belt, not texting while driving and obeying the speed limit," Moxley said. "Studying the gut will be an added step in making food safer."
Knowing when and where E. coli is being shed in manure also is key, Smith said.
Klopfenstein said E. coli is found at the end of the large intestine, attached to the intestinal wall.
The team also continues to study how feeding ethanol byproducts affects fecal shedding of E. coli. Right now researchers cannot conclude that it increases or decreases fecal shedding.
"Distillers grains are 90% digested and absorbed by the time they get to the large intestine," Klopfenstein said.
So, it's not the digested grains, but the fractions that are left, the 10 percent that did not digest, that gets to the large intestine. Researchers are looking at how that would affect E. coli that are attached there.
"It could be those nutrients or it could be some sort of nutrient that is lacking in a competing organism," he said.
This Agricultural Research Division research is funded by competitive federal grants.


How to Propose a Law
Law books in a legal library
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A democracy such as the United States thrives on an involved citizenry, and government is most responsive to citizen needs when they weigh in on laws. A proposed law that has not yet passed is called a bill. Citizens can propose a bill to their local, state and federal representatives, and then get involved to help it become law. In order to pitch a law to your government representatives, you need to be informed about current law and ensure that it does not conflict with any other laws.
Know Your Governments
Determine whether your law will apply at the local, state or federal level. Local ordinances are typically the easiest to pass, while federal laws are the most complex and challenging. Laws that affect your life will likely be at the local or state level, so begin close to home when campaigning for a new law.
Draft Your Proposal
Write your proposed law. A bill is more likely to become a law when it is simple and proposes only a minor change or addition to current law, so keep it as uncomplicated as possible. Include an introduction or preface that provides a justification for the law. This justification should include relevant research. For example, if you are proposing a law to raise the percentage of income people must pay in child support, show why this would benefit families. Research showing that current child support amounts are insufficient to support children would help make your case.
Connect With Your Representative
Determine who your government representatives are. If you are proposing a law in a local municipality such as a city or county, you will have a city council or county commission representative. In large cities, this will go by district. If you're proposing a state law, contact the representative and senator who represent your jurisdiction in your state legislature. Contact U.S. congressional representatives for federal laws. Every state has two senators in the U.S. Congress, and each congressional jurisdiction has one state representative.
Pitch Your Idea
Pitch the bill to your representatives. Be friendly, succinct and respectful, even if the government official does not like your bill. The goal here is to find a sponsor for the bill. This is a person who will introduce it to the voting members of a council, commission or Congress. If your representative will not sponsor the bill, start contacting other representatives. While it's best to have your representative sponsor the bill, any elected official can introduce it.
 - Only government representatives can actually propose a bill, but concerned citizens can write to their representatives and work with them to get a bill submitted and ultimately passed.


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If l am unable to give answer of quiz then what l should do? Because don't have much information about ms word.
Quiz questions are meant to check how much you have learned from the previous lectures. So if you go through the previous lectures on "MS WORD" you will surely be able to answer the quiz.
Hope this might help you on your learning journey. Keep learning.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Insights: An Ancient Window
The Newsletter of the Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies
The much-delayed and long-awaited examination of Wadi Sayq, a likely site for Old World Bountiful, became a reality recently. In April, a team of researchers examined the port area of Khor Kharfot ("Fort Inlet" in English) through which the Wadi Sayq enters the Indian Ocean on the southern coast of Oman, at the extreme western end near the border with Yemen. Their findings indicate that Khor Kharfot may be the site of Lehi's Bountiful.
Through almost one decade of preparatory research, Warren Aston of Australia, with the assistance of his wife Michaela, has identified this site as a possible location of ancient Bountiful where Lehi's party camped and built the ship by which they sailed to the promised land. F.A.R.M.S. support accelerated this work in the later stages.
In 1992 F.A.R.M.S. (with generous support from donors) and Brigham Young University funded an expedition to evaluate the site. The expedition was postponed when permission from the Omani government to conduct archaeological excavations on the site was held up, apparently due to sensitive negotiations between Yemen and Oman concerning their nearby border. Eventually the F.A.R.M.S. board of directors decided that a site survey without excavation could yield significant information and authorized the team to proceed.
Since excavation was not to be part of the expedition's work, the original team leader, David Johnson of BYU, whose major interest was excavation, was replaced by Noel Reynolds, the president of F.A.R.M.S., who was in Jerusalem at that time. Other members of the team included photographer Warren Aston; archaeologist Paolo Costa; and geologist William Christiansen.
The team assembled in Salalah, Oman, beginning April 10, 1993, and spent most of the following week on the site. The team's findings were reported in part by Costa at a meeting of the Seminar for Arabian Studies in London on July 24. We expect that further information about Khor Kharfot will be published soon in an article by Warren Aston in the Ensign.
1. Khor Kharfot used to be a small harbor formed by a seasonal river flowing out of Wadi Sayq into the Indian Ocean. Though it is now blocked year round by a beach thrown up by the ocean, it may have been open to the sea as recently as the present century.
2. Though the port is now uninhabited, there are surface ruins of dozens of structures. Minimally three different types which appear to correspond to ruins found elsewhere suggest at least occasional occupation of the general area over as much as a five-thousand-year period.
3. Even in the dry season, Khor Kharfot provides a sharp contrast to the arid land and sparse vegetation that characterize all areas a mile or further from the coastline. In the fall, after the summer monsoons, it is covered with a luxuriant green canopy. It features a variety of trees (including dates and figs), shrubs, flowers, and other plants. It is not yet known how the present ecosystem and plant species might differ from those of three thousand years ago. A Greek source describes a kind of tree growing in nearby Bahrain in 300 B.C. that when used to build boats would resist the water for 200 years or more.
4. Geological and archaeological evidence suggest that, as might be expected from the known gradual desiccation of the Arabian Peninsula over the last five thousand years, the present supply of fresh surface and spring water in Khor Kharfot is much less than in times past.
5. Wadi Sayq is unique among Omani wadis in that it runs due west and provides access to a Yemen plateau. This plateau leads directly west into the area long identified with the Nahum tribe. The center of this ancient tribal area is less than one-half degree off due west from Khor Kharfot. (After burying Ishmael at Nahom, Lehi's party traveled nearly due east until they hit the sea.)
6. While remote and protected by rugged terrain and the ocean, Khor Kharfot is accessible in several ways. Though the wadi is protected from the view of passing vessels, due to the oblique angle at which it reaches the sea, it is a simple matter to land a boat there. While the coastline is quite rugged, it is possible to move up and down it on foot. This does, however, entail endless climbing up and down the mountainside to avoid impassable ravines. There is also an improved trail (possibly of ancient construction) which rises directly up the mountain from the springs, working its way between cliffs and rock outcroppings to the plateau above. These are all difficult trails which would be relatively simple to defend. The wadi itself provides an easy trail into the deep interior of the country, but is only readily accessible from the plateau at some distance from the coastline.
7. No obvious source of ore has been identified at or near the site. However, ancient Oman was a principal source of metals for the Mesopotamian empires. Copper mines first developed five thousand years ago are now being worked with modern machinery and methods. The basic geological features of the entire country are similar. The wadi area abounds in chert (flint), providing stones that will start a fire.
8. Ancient Oman was an international center for trade by sea. Ships were built there to equip a commercial fleet that linked India, Persia, Mesopotamia, Africa, Egypt, and eventually China. Long before 600 B.C. the Omani seafarers were the Indian Ocean's equivalent of the Mediterranean's Phoenicians. In ancient times, it was the obvious place to build and launch a ship for a journey eastward into the Indian Ocean.
9. Khor Kharfot features a vast beach area, providing plenty of space to pitch tents. During the monsoon storms, the stone and thatch structures in the area may have been used as dwellings. It has been estimated that Lehi's party may have needed three years or more to build and adequately provision a ship for the Pacific crossing.
10. Khor Kharfot features several crop areas enclosed by stone fences and serviced by an irrigation system. While the present walls and canals probably date from the Islamic era, a similar farming system might well have preceded them.
11. Some apparently older ruins of probably less than a dozen small buildings, surrounded by a wall, lie above and beyond the rest. A trail (possibly constructed) leads down to the beach and main Wadi area. On the other sides this site is protected by high cliffs that drop straight into the sea and the mountain that rises directly behind it. Although the entire area is mountainous, this mountain would be the obvious one to call "the mountain." This site provides at ready hand a perfect place for throwing an undesirable person to his death in the sea (see 1 Nephi 17:48).
Khor Kharfot and its environs have all the features mentioned in the Book of Mormon in connection with Old World Bountiful. It has no features that would conflict with the Book of Mormon account. A survey of alternative sites in the Arabian Peninsula has turned up no others that come close to fitting the criteria for Bountiful so well. On this analysis, Khor Kharfot emerges as the most probable site for Lehi's Bountiful.
The F.A.R.M.S. banquet, an annual event that brings together F.A.R.M.S. subscribers, volunteers, researchers, members of the board of directors, and many other friends of the Foundation, will be held this year on Friday, October 29. The featured speaker will be Elder Dallin H. Oaks. In addition, F.A.R.M.S. board members will reflect on the nearly 15 years of F.A.R.M.S. projects and activities and report on the status of current projects.
The dinner will begin at 7:00 p.m. in room 375 of the Wilkinson Center at BYU. Reservations are required and may be made using the order form or by calling the F.A.R.M.S. office. Free parking is available in the parking lot next to the BYU Law school, directly east of the Wilkinson Center.
The Foundation looks forward to this opportunity to meet or become better acquainted with many of the people that support and carry out the work of F.A.R.M.S. and to share ideas and perspectives about the future of the Foundation.
The character and claims of Joseph Smith are fundamental to the claims of the Church he founded. Knowing this, critics of the Prophet have contended for more than a century and a half that he and his family were the kind of people from whom nobody would want to buy a used car, much less receive a plan of salvation.
The original anti-Mormon book, Eber D. Howe's 1834 Mormonism Unvailed (sic), featured affidavits gathered from former Smith neighbors by the excommunicated and bitter Phi-lastus Hurlbut describing the Prophet's family as, among many other derogatory things, "lazy" and "indolent." Joseph Capron, for example, declared that the Smiths' "great object appeared to be, to live without work." "It was a mystery to their neighbors," said David Stafford, "how theygot their living."1
Over the past several decades, Mormon scholars have subjected these affidavits and other such alleged "reminiscences" to sharp criticism.2 Nevertheless, these early documents have remained an anti-Mormon treasure trove to which generations

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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When creating Dubstep music, one of the most important instruments is the bass. A lot of Dubstep songs have a wobble bass. This is basically a bass with a filter being modulated in a rhythmic sync with the tempo. Most often you will hear triplets and 8th notes being modulated by an LFO on the filter. In this tutorial, we will cover how to create a bass sound and add the 'Wobble' effect in the Subtractor device within Reason.
First create a new project in Reason then add the following devices from the tool window:
- 1. MClass Mastering Suite Combinator
- 2. Mixer 14:2
- 3. Subtractor Analog Synthesizer
You can hide the Mastering Suite and Mixer, as we won't need them, by clicking the arrow in the top left of each device. Now we need to initialize the patch. (This clears out the default sound) Right click anywhere on the Subtractor and choose: Initialize Patch.
Now we can start to create our bass sound. First, choose waveform 8 on oscillator 1 and put the pitch up 10 cents. This will create a phase or beat when we turn the second oscillator on because of the difference in frequency. Next, turn on oscillator 2 and change the waveform to a sine wave, drop the octave to 3 and finally turn the FM up to 8.
It should sound like this:
The next step is to add the 'wobble' effect. We can now turn on our LFO 1 sync button and change our tempo in reason to 70 bpm. This will allow our wobble to sync to a rhythmic value (1/8th notes, 16th notes, etc.) rather than a hertz value. Then turn up the amount of the LFO 1 and change the destination to filter frequency. You can experiment with the different types of waveforms, but I usually just stick with the sine wave.
Now we should hear a wobble sound, but we need to tweak the filter in order to make it shorter and more 'whomping'. Put the filter frequency at 47 and the resonance at 24. We can leave it on LP 12, LP 24 is a more drastic filter change, 24db per octave and we don't need that much. Finally put the FM on the velocity section up to 12.
Now it should sound nice and dirty, like Datsik.
Now we are going to use the sequencer to input some midi notes for our variation to express how the wobble effect is used. Start by selecting the pencil tool or just hit 'W' and draw in these notes: C2, F#1, C2, A#1, F#1. Dubstep usually incorporates either half steps, thirds, and tri-tones in this case or (#4). Lydian-type sound.
The next step would be to add some automation on the rate of the LFO. You can draw in the automation but its much faster to just record it. Start by going back the subtractor and right clicking on the rate knob, under LFO 1. Choose 'Edit Remote Override Mapping'. Now check the box that says 'Learn From Control Surface Input'. Then move the knob you want to control it with and click 'OK. (In my case, I'm using the modulation wheel on my keystation.)
Now you are ready to record your live automation. Right click on the 'rate' knob again in the subtractor and choose 'Edit Automation', or just option or alt click on the knob. Now a green box should appear around it, this means you know have an automation lane for that knob. Lastly, hit record and modulate it any way you like. The movements will be recorded and you can play back what you've done.


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Tower Defense
aka: Tower Defence
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Tower defense games are a sub-genre of strategy games where you defend a building from monsters and/or other enemies using other buildings, sometimes with a unit or two to back you up. Similar to Multi-Mook Melee, Tower Defense games have you facing wave upon wave of "creeps"note until a given number reach their goal, or you survive the final wave.
Creeps will move along the path that is either:
 - Static: Creeps move along the same paths.
 - Dynamic: The placement of towers will determine the paths which creeps move along. Dynamic paths usually create a strategy called "mazing", allowing the player to make long, winding paths that force the enemy to take the longest possible route to their destination, all the while being blasted by the towers herding them.
A typical Tower Defense game will have:
 - Creeps that behave differently. Some are Fragile Speedsters or Mighty Glaciers, some are Asteroids Monsters, others can fly over towers and bypass most of your defenses, etc.
 - "Boss" creeps on certain waves.
 - A strategy that requires a balance of producing more towers and upgrading existing ones. More important in dynamic path type ones.
 - Balance between different towers. Ideally, none of the tower types should be completely useless.
 - Commonly, a "survival" mode in which each level retains the towers you built in the previous level and/or the enemies get tougher as the game progresses instead of simply increasing in number.
 - Hold the Line as its core element.
As of lately, a trend in this genre has started to develop where the games will feature the ability for the player to be the attacking force pitted against the towers. This sub-genre within the Tower Defense genre has been called "Reverse Tower Defense", "Tower Attack", and "Tower Offense". Some games in the genre get to the point of devoting themselves entirely to this, eschewing the defense element altogether. It is also the basis of the Multiplayer Online Battle Arena, with Defense of the Ancients being basically born as a 5 vs 5 reverse tower defense using Warcraft 3's hero mechanics.
Another form of Tower Defense features a single tower or gate on one side of the screen, which is then beset by the Creeps marching forth to destroy it. The player is usually given one or more weapons directly controlled by them, while upgrades may add automatic defenses and defenders.
The third form of defense game is the "Tug-of-War"/Beam-O-War style. In which there are two towers or bases at each end of one or more paths, and the player(s) and AI send different units down the path to attack the enemy base(s). Opposing units that meet will fight each other, and the object is to push the enemy force back to their own side and destroy their base(s).
Examples of Tower Defense as a Full Game:
 - Castle Panic: A board game tower defense game. Can be played solo or co-op.
Examples of Tower Defense as a Mini-Game:
 - Some user-created maps for other Real-Time Strategy games follow this style.
 - Age of Empires II: Age Of Kings (and the expansion pack Conquerors) had a "Wonder Race" game type, in which you are required to build a wonder and defend it for 200 years before your opponent(s).
 - "Red's Mighty Feathers" from Angry Birds adapts the Angry Birds formula for the Tower Defense genre. The pigs are advancing upon the egg using their vehicles, and the Red Bird must protect the egg by popping the pigs with his new homing power.
 - Animal Jam has "Pest Control", in which the player uses biological pest controlnote to prevent the pestsnote from reaching the end of the static path.
 - Assassin's Creed: Revelations had Den Defenses, where Templar soldiers assault one of dens controlled by the Assassins. Ezio is responsible for organizing the defense by placing barricades in the streets and various types of Assassins on the rooftops firing down upon them.
 - Blizzard Entertainment:
 - The Trope Maker was the various user-made defense maps in StarCraft - "Sunken D," "Turret D," "Stacked Photon D," etc. The Starcraft editor did not allow you to create new units or buildings, so they usually made much more use of mobile units than most current Tower Defenses. See, for example, this video of "Weed D," which is recognizably a fixed-path Tower Defense game except that the "towers" being "built" are Mutalisks.
 - The Trope Codifier was Tower Defense maps for Warcraft III. The editor was much more sophisticated than Starcraft's, allowing for greater variety in attack buildings. Multiple subgenres appeared and proliferated, such as the "Wintermaul" clones. By the time the Frozen Throne expansion came out, Blizzard included an official Tower Defense map as an Alliance campaign bonus level.
 - Civilization IV came with a "Civ Defense" mod, in which one starts with a certain number of cities, spends money (rather than the usual "hammers") to add to their fortifications and defenses, and then horde after horde of barbarians come at you.
 - Club Penguin had "System Defender", in which the player has to set up cannons to stop the Mecha-Mook from destroying the EPF Mainframe computer. Interestingly, while threats could be simulated by all players, there would be live threats that could be handled by members only.
 - The action-RPG CrossCode had 2 connected sidequests (+ a challenge quest for each) in the city of Basin Keep that were basically a tower defense minigame on top of the normal combat. The heroine Lea has to defend a point against waves of enemies with the help of turrets, which can be activated in neutral and elemental modes. Additionally, all the enemies have strong shields that only the turrets in the (otherwise weaker) neutral mode can break.
 - "Englos Defense", a bonus level in DROD: The Second Sky.
 - Final Fantasy VI and Final Fantasy VII are probably the Ur Examples:
 - Final Fantasy VI has an event similar to this halfway through the first part of the game; there's a difference in that you battle the mooks using the standard battle system, but otherwise the execution is the same.
 - The Fort Condor mini-game in Final Fantasy VII is essentially a tower defense game.
 - Version 1.3 of Genshin Impact has the "Theater Mechanicus" event, in which you can plant different kinds of "towers" to defeat waves of incoming enemies. The enemies won't attack you or the towers, but will keep walking towards the "exit" which you have to defend. You can attack the enemies, but they'll take no damage from your attacks, nor will your energy get charged; however, you can still exploit elemental effects and reactions to support your towers. This can also be played with another player. Completing a level unlocks materials you can use to upgrade the towers, as well as higher difficulties.
 - The Iron Grip series is part Tower Defense and part FPS.
 - A variation of this appears in Legion's Loyalty Mission in Mass Effect 2, where Mooks must march towards you in a fixed path while you have Legion hack a few turrets around the area to shoot at them. Alternatively, you can just cap them yourself.
 - Monster Hunter: Rise has Rampage quests where you take up arms in a stronghold where you can set up armaments like ballistas, cannons, and bombs; some of these installations are controlled by NPCs, while others are controlled by the player(s). Your goal is to fend off an onslaught of monsters who are trying to destroy a heavily fortified gate on the far end of the map. As you fulfill side objectives and defeat monsters, more types of "towers" become available.
 - Path of Exile's Blight expansion introduced missions where players had to defend a purifying device from monsters advancing over multiple lanes. While particularly powerful characters can clear them without assistance, usually you'd have to construct towers to damage, debuff and/or stall enemies. Blighted maps take it further, turning an entire location into a huge defense mission with over a dozen lanes and several unique bosses.
 - Phantasy Star Online 2 has two variants of this.
 - The first is Mining Base, Emergency Quests where players are tasked with protecting towers against increasingly powerful and aggressive waves of Darkers while collecting crystals to unlock new weapons and defensive measures.
 - The second is Buster Quests, introduced in Episode 5. The first half of these quests entail protecting towers from an onslaught of enemies, albeit with a wider array of weapons and defensive measures available from the start. The players are also tasked with raiding an enemy castle and destroying the boss therein.
 - Progressbar 95 has the Progress Defender minigame, in which the bar can only be moved on the x-axis and you have to protect it from red segments and Clippy that approach it. You need to place one of three buildings on three lanes with five spots each. They are Firewalls which stop Red Segments but are damaged by Clippy, Antiviruses that shoot at Clippy but have to be updated once in a while, and Generators that make 5% progress every couple of seconds. Each building costs 5% progress and you must reach 100% to win. It is intended to be slightly harder than the main game, so you get 1.25x for completing levels in


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After a decade of legal battles, a ski resort in Northern Arizona recently became the first in the world to make artificial snow totally out of sewage effluent. On Dec. 24, Arizona Snowbowl fired up its snow guns for the first time, and to everyone's surprise, the snow that blasted onto the mountain was yellow.
The discolored snow has sharpened an already fraught conflict.
Snowbowl's manager, J. R. Murray, said the problem was caused by rusty residue in the new snow-making equipment that carries the wastewater from neighboring Flagstaff, where it is piped directly from the town's sewage treatment plant.
But Taylor McKinnon of the Center for Biological Diversity, a conservation group, says something seems fishy. "I question whether that explanation is based on tests of the water or conjecture," he said. "Something's awry, and the onus is on the Forest Service and ADEQ to protect the public and determine the cause." (ADEQ is the acronym for the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality.)
As I have reported, environmentalists and Native American groups have long opposed the ski area's snow-making plan, arguing that the wastewater snow poses risks to public health and the ecology of a mountain considered sacred by 13 American Indian tribes.
Mike Fulton, water quality division director of the state Department of Environmental Quality, said the agency was "looking hard" into several complaints it had received claiming that the presence of the manufactured snow on the slopes violated state laws on the use of reclaimed water, which prohibit ingesting it. Critics argue, among other things, that wastewater snow is being tracked into eating areas and that children are playing in it and touching their faces with it.
The water used for making snow at the ski area is not drinking water. Studies have found that it contains hormones, pharmaceuticals, antibiotics and other chemicals. There is much debate about whether these chemicals are harmful in small amounts.
Regardless, the discolored snow has meant Snowbowl has to contend with a heightened ick factor. Kaelan Monroe, 11, said he went skiing on New Year's Day and that the conditions were "kind of disgusting."
"The snow is crusty and icy and doesn't look very clean," he said. But that won't keep him from Snowbowl, where he has skied since age 3, he said. "I'm not too worried about face-planting in the snow and getting sick," said Kaelan, who describes himself as a proficient skier.
Arizona Snowbowl operates on public land under a special-use permit issued by the Forest Service. In 2005, the agency approved the ski area's upgrade plans, including artificial snow-making, after conducting a long environmental impact study.
That study "did not predict that the snow would be yellow," Mr. McKinnon said.
He said the yellow snow and "a growing list of unforeseen impacts," including new scientific research that indicates harmful chemicals in the wastewater, have rendered the 2005 study obsolete. "Snowbowl would be smart to update the study before they're forced to do so in court," Mr. McKinnon said.
Mr. Murray counters that the excitement over the yellow snow is "a lot to do about a small issue."
"No one here even cares except for those that oppose us," he said.
However, a worker hired just before Christmas for making snow said that his impression had been that the management was concerned about the image problem posed by the yellow snow. The worker, Grayson Lookner, said part of his job had been to drain the snow guns when they were not in use and he was told to drag them into the woods so the ski trails would not turn yellow.
He said he worked there only eight days and then resigned because the work was quite hard and he felt a growing unease. "I didn't feel right about blowing" the effluent "all over a sacred mountain," he said. Snowbowl confirmed that Mr. Lookner was employed by the resort from Dec. 20 to 28.
With climate change and prolonged drought in arid places like the Southwest, the use of reclaimed water is gaining importance as a conservation tool. Snowbowl officials portray the resort as on the cutting-edge of creative water recycling. Opponents argue that economic interests are driving a federal wastewater policy that puts commerce ahead of ecology.
Snowbowl officials have said that, because of reduced snowfall, the resort needs to make snow to stay in business. And so far snow-making has been a boon for the resort, it says. "The skiing is great! The pipes are now cleansed," Mr. Murray said in an e-mail.
State environmental officials say they have sent an inspector to Snowbowl and expect to complete an investigation next week. And Mr. Fulton said the agency had already worked with Snowbowl to construct barriers around the ski lifts to prevent overspray from entering the adjacent forest, where endangered plants grow in the fragile alpine tundra.
Potential harm to that that habitat was the focus of a lawsuit that was recently settled out of court.
To date, the discolored snow has not been tested.


text:
Accession Number : AD0849048
Title : Friction Between Glass Fiber and Resin in Glass Reinforced Plastics,
Corporate Author : FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY DIV WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
Personal Author(s) : Pohl, G.
Report Date : 31 OCT 1968
Pagination or Media Count : 13
Abstract : The glass fiber vs plastic friction phenomena and their consequences were measured on laminates of Buna G polyester and a hydrocarbon-based resin reinforced by a commercial twill-weave glass fiber fabric by determining the decay of a torsional vibration in a specimen. The results showed that considerable friction develops if the glass fiber is not securely bonded to the plastic. The consequences of unduly high friction include a decrease in torsion modulus, an increase in mechanical loss, and development of non-uniform stress distributions ultimately capable of causing cracks. If water penetrates the laminate (for example, after boiling in water), the fiber to plastic bond sometimes deteriorates, resulting in increased friction. The effect of water may be reduced by using highly water-absorbent resin (polyester absorbed much more water than did the hydrocarbon-based resin). The bonding agents evaluated were ethyltrichlorosilane, gamma-methacryl-hydroxypropyl-trimethoxysilane, a chromium chloridemethacrylate complex, and 'Finish 112'.
Descriptors : (*REINFORCED PLASTICS, FRICTION), GLASS TEXTILES, POLYESTER PLASTICS, LAMINATED PLASTICS, ADHESIVES, SILANES, ACRYLIC RESINS, BONDING, EAST GERMANY.
Subject Categories : Laminates and Composite Materials
Distribution Statement : APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE


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- vulgar •
Pronunciation: vêl-gêr • Hear it!
Part of Speech: Adjective
Meaning: 1. Of the unwashed masses, plebian, related to common people, the riff-raff, the hoi-polloi. 2. Common, base, ordinary. 3. Bawdy, foul, immodest, immoral, impure, indecent, indelicate, lascivious, lecherous, lewd, licentious, lubricous, lurid, obscene, offensive, profane, profligate, prurient, ribald, salacious, shameful, shameless, vile, wanton.
Notes: All the words we have for the third sense of today's Good Word makes us wonder why we had to corrupt a perfectly good word to create another. But so it goes. Over the centuries this word's good meaning has slowly tumbled one to a pejorative one. The noun for this word is vulgarity and a vulgar word is a vulgarism.
In Play: I hear today's bad Good Word used most often as a synonym of profane: "I was shocked to hear Ben de Hellenbaque use vulgar language around such proper ladies." However, the sense of commonplace remains: "Maud Lynn Dresser is a woman of vulgar tastes, especially in clothes."
Word History: Today's word comes from Latin vulgaris "related to common people", from vulgus "people, the masses, a crowd". Latin inherited it from the Proto-Indo-European root *welg- "to crowd, throng". which turned up in Sanskrit as vargah "division, group". It kept its original meaning in the Germanic languages: German Volk "people", as in Volkswagen "car of the people", and English folk. (Today's rather tawdry Good Word was suggested by Ella Minnow Pea of Smoketown, Pennsylvania.)


Phoui Sananikone
Last updated
Phoui Sananikone
ຜຸຍ ຊະນະນິກອນ
5th Prime Minister of Laos
In office
24 February 1950 15 October 1951
Monarch Sisavang Vong
Preceded byPrince Boun Oum
Succeeded byCrown Prince Sisavang Vatthana
In office
17 August 1958 31 December 1959
Preceded byPrince Souvanna Phouma
Succeeded by Sounthone Pathammavong
Personal details
Born6 September 1903 [1]
Viang Chan, Laos
Died4 December 1983 (1983-12-05) (aged 80)
Paris, France
Political party Independent Party
Profession Prime Minister
Phoui Sananikone (6 September 1903 in Laos – 4 December 1983 in Paris) was Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Laos on two occasions in 1950 to 1951 and again from 1958 to 1959, and also served as Foreign Minister and President of National Assembly on multiple occasions. [1]
Early life
Born in 1903, he was part of the Sananikones, a powerful Laotian aristocratic family. He was elected President of National Assembly from 1947 to 1950. [1]
Souvanna Phouma lost a vote of confidence in the National Assembly and was forced to resign. Phoui succeeded Souvanna Phouma, and formed a new cabinet with the support of Committee for the Defence of the National Interests (CDNI) members. The Pathet Lao were no longer represented in the new pro-American government. After taking up office, Sananikone and his ministers shifted Lao policy to the right, dissolved the National Assembly, and denounced the 1954 Geneva truce. Attempts were also made to disperse and neutralize Pathet Lao soldiers who had been integrated into the Royal Lao Army (RLA) a few months earlier. He resigned under right-wing military pressure and handed all power to General Phoumi Nosavan, the head of the RLA.
He was re-elected President of National Assembly from 1963 to 1965, and from 1968 to 1974. [1] In May 1975 he left for France after the communist takeover. In September that year was sentenced to death in his absence. He died in Paris, aged 80. [2]
Related Research Articles
Prince Souphanouvong was, along with his half-brother Prince Souvanna Phouma and Prince Boun Oum of Champasak, one of the "Three Princes" who represented respectively the communist (pro-Vietnam), neutralist and royalist political factions in Laos. He was the figurehead President of Laos from December 1975 to August 1991.
Kingdom of Laos
The Kingdom of Laos was a constitutional monarchy that served Laos beginning with its independence on 9 November 1953. The monarchy survived until December 1975, when its last king, Savang Vatthana, surrendered the throne to the Pathet Lao, who abolished the monarchy in favor of a Marxist–Leninist state called the Lao People's Democratic Republic, which has controlled Laos ever since.
Phetsarath Ratanavongsa
Prince Phetsarath Ratanavongsa (Somdej Chao Maha Uparaja Petsaraj Ratanavongsa was the 1st Prime Minister of Luang Phrabang in French Laos from 21 August 1941 to 10 October 1945, and Head of State of Laos between 12 October 1945 and 4 April 1946.
Souvanna Phouma
Prince Souvanna Phouma was the leader of the neutralist faction and Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Laos several times.
Sisavang Vatthana King of Laos
Sisavang Vatthana or sometimes Savang Vatthana was the last king of the Kingdom of Laos and the 6th Prime Minister of Laos serving from 15 October to 21 November 1951. He ruled from 1959 after his father's death until his forced abdication in 1975. His rule ended with the takeover by the Pathet Lao in 1975, after which he and his family were sent to a re-education camp by the new government.
Pathet Lao
The Pathet Lao was a communist political movement and organization in Laos, formed in the mid-20th century. The group was ultimately successful in assuming political power in 1975, after the Laotian Civil War. The Pathet Lao were always closely associated with Vietnamese communists. During the civil war, it was effectively organized, equipped and even led by the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN). They fought against the anti-communist forces in the Vietnam War. Eventually, the term became the generic name for Laotian communists.
The Three Princes was a name given to Princes Boun Oum, Souvanna Phouma and Souphanouvong who represented respectively the royalist, neutralist and leftist factions in the Kingdom of Laos in the post-WWII period. The trio were named by King Sisavang Vatthana to form a coalition government following the independence of Laos.
Major-General Kouprasith Abhay was a prominent military leader of the Kingdom of Laos during the Laotian Civil War. Scion of a socially prominent family, his military career was considerably aided by their influence. In early 1960, he was appointed to command of Military Region 5, which included Laos' capital city, Vientiane. Removed from that command on 14 December for duplicitous participation in the Battle of Vientiane, he was reappointed in October 1962. He would hold the post until 1 July 1971, thus controlling the troops in and around the capital. Over the years, he would be involved in one way or another in the coups of 1960, 1964, 1965, 1966, and 1973. His service was marked by a deadly feud with another Laotian general, Thao Ma; the feud was largely responsible for the latter two coup attempts against the government.
Laotian Civil War
The Laotian Civil War (1959–1975) was a civil war in Laos fought between the Communist Pathet Lao and the Royal Lao Government from 23 May 1959 to 2 December 1975. It is associated with the Cambodian Civil War and the Vietnam War, with both sides receiving heavy external support in a proxy war between the global Cold War superpowers. It is called the Secret War among the CIA Special Activities Center and Hmong veterans of the conflict.
Soth Phetrasy (1915–2004) was a leading official of the Pathet Lao, the communist guerrilla movement of Laos associated with the Lao People's Party, during the 1960s and 1970s.
Prince Somsanith Vongkotrattana ( was the Prime Minister of Laos in 1960.
1958 Laotian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Laos on 4 May 1958, in order to elect an additional 21 seats to the enlarged National Assembly, the lower chamber of Parliament. The Lao Patriotic Front won the most seats, although the ruling National Progressive Party remained the largest party in the Assembly, holding 26 of the 60 seats. Voter turnout was 82.1%.
North Vietnam supported the Pathet Lao to fight against the Kingdom of Laos between 1958–1959. Control over Laos allowed for the eventual construction of the Ho Chi Minh Trail that would serve as the main supply route (MSR) for enhanced NLF and NVA activities in the Republic of Vietnam. As such, the support for Pathet Lao to fight against Kingdom of Laos by North Vietnam would prove decisive in the eventual communist victory over South Vietnam in 1975 as the South Vietnamese and American forces could have prevented any NVA and NLF deployment and resupply if these only happened over the 17th Parallel, also known as the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ), a narrow strip of land between North and South Vietnam that was closely guarded by both sides. It also helped the Pathet Lao win the Kingdom of Laos, although the Kingdom of Laos had American support.
The Committee for the Defence of National Interests was an anti-communist right-wing political party founded in the Kingdom of Laos on 17 June 1958. Dismayed by the election of Lao communists to the National Assembly in the May 1958 elections, younger politicians and military officers founded CDNI as an alternative to older Lao politicians and senior officers then in power. The CDNI pronounced itself as a force for anti-corruption efforts in the Royal Lao Government. It was backed by the United States embassy; American support was manifested in political advice and civic actions such as Operation Booster Shot. In the 24 April 1960 elections, which were obviously rigged, the CDNI won 32 of 59 seats. The Pathet Lao leadership had been detained during the election; on 23 May 1960, they escaped to join their insurrection in the mountains. This ended the governing coalition, and fighting began in the Laotian Civil War.
National Progressive Party was a political party


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SPARK Units are inquiry based learning experiences that place science and social studies content knowledge side by side with social justice topics. Students are encouraged to develop questions, theories, and strategies as they engage in interactive learning experiences. These units provide a framework for integrated learning, encompassing multiple subject areas and encouraging students to make connections in order to apply their knowledge.
At Giddens School, we set out to intentionally weave social justice topics into our science and social studies instruction. We endeavor to promote the Giddens School mission, assuring that students are thinking critically while gaining relevant knowledge and skills in a social justice context. For each SPARK unit, we consider developmentally appropriate content in social justice, equity, and advocacy while relying on established standards for grade-band appropriate content. We look for units that complement standards from the National Association for the Education of Young Children, the Common Core State Standards, the Next Generation Science Standards as well as the C3 Social Studies Framework. SPARK Units are thoughtfully designed to both increase academic knowledge that meets these high standards and increase student engagement with the complex world around them.
The development of student engagement through exploration, questioning, and theorizing is also an essential element of SPARK Units. Students are prompted with complex ideas, phenomenon, or problems that form the context for their learning. For example, rather than a social studies unit on "Government and the Election," our fifth graders are engaged in a "Elections and Voting Rights" SPARK Unit during which they experience the trials and tribulations of setting up a community based in democratic principles. Students actively engage with the tensions that arise in this process, developing empathy for the complexity of running a country and a critical eye toward how to improve communal decision making in their world.
SPARK Units also engage community connections and seek to build bridges with the world beyond Giddens. Students venture on field trips and experiences designed to establish read world understanding of complex topics. Often, guest speakers and presenters come to the school or join us via Zoom to help our students think more deeply about the topics or to be interviewed as experts in their field. These opportunities help students gain awareness of the vast resources available to them as they pursue lifelong learning!


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COVID-19 Response: For Nonprofits
An update to our nonprofit partners on our response to COVID-19:
Updated January 19, 2021
The Hartford Foundation's COVID-19 Response Fund has made more than 230 grants, distributing more than $9.6 million, since the start of the pandemic. The fund initially focused on basic human needs as a result of health and economic impacts of the pandemic, and then transitioned to supporting a wide variety of nonprofits to provide services safely, including personal protective equipment (PPE), cleaning costs, technology and minor building enhancements.
Throughout 2021, the COVID-19 Response Fund will make investments on a rolling basis. Examples of potential grant areas include:
- Vaccine education, outreach and distribution to reach residents who may be hesitant to get vaccinated.
- Systemic approaches to help students catch up on lost learning with a focus on reducing inequities.
Our grantmaking through the COVID-19 Response Fund will be focused on collaborative and systemic efforts. Check this page periodically for updates as the work progresses. We welcome your feedback and ideas at any point; we know it is paramount to remain flexible and responsive to the changing needs of the community.
In considering grants, the Foundation will take into account the following criteria:
- Priority level of the disparity addressed and target population expected to benefit.
- Strength of collaboration and coordination with existing nonprofit, state and local pandemic responses.
- Ability of the proposed strategy to leverage other resources.
- Cultural competency and agency governance diversity (board and staff leadership) that is representative of beneficiaries of the proposed efforts.
- Level of impact on residents of the Greater Hartford region.
The Foundation is proactively working with public entities, nonprofits and other stakeholders to make targeted investments addressing the disparities created or exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. This work is also taking place within our outcome areas.
Thank you for all of the incredible work your organization has contributed to this year.


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Dog Safety Tips during Christmas Season
Christmas is the great time that everyone looks forward to – festive decorations, delicious food and lots of fun. However, your Christmas decorations and treats can be very appealing to your pet dog which is extremely harmful. Just remember the following safety tips that keep your dog safe this festive season. Therefore, your entire family along with your pet dog can enjoy the festive Christmas season.
Pets and Candles: Safety First
If you want to decorate your home all with lighting candles then please keep it in mind that always lit the candles out of reach of your pets. Make your festive celebrations comfort and joyful without any harm even to your pets.
Dogs and Holiday Treats:
Just be careful with holiday treats that cause harm to your pet. Keep holiday candies and treats out of dog's reach. Wrapped gifts that contain food items which are kept under your decorated tree should be kept out of reach of your dog. Having excess amounts of food can cause your dog to fall sick. Foods like raisins, chocolates, alcohol and onions are fatal to dogs.
Poinsettias and Amaryllis:
Amaryllis and poinsettias are very popular during Christmas season, but red glow emitted by them causes severeharm to dogs because they find these two plants irresistible. Therefore, it's important to keep these plants out of reach of dogs as they are poisonous which cause stomach or mouth irritation. Mistletoecan also be dangerous; particularly the berriesare even more toxic than poinsettias.
Edible tree decorations:
No matter whether they are popcorn strings, ornaments, or cranberry, theyare just like time bombs waiting to be happening. These goodies can be too enticing that even your dog will surely get tug at them.Dogs can cut their mouths when they are trying to chew on any breakable ornaments and may have seriously upset stomachs from eating those.
Cords are dangerous:
Power lights are associated with many cords lying around them and other things. Dogs feel to chew unprotected cords. Just make protect all your cords in decorations so that dogs cannot chew. But try to use caution while covering cords as they can cause the risk of fire.
Other common safety measures for dogs during festive season:
- Tinseladdsup an awesome sparkling touch to tree decoration, but hang them up out of your dog'sreach. Ingesting the tinsel could block their intestines.
- Ornaments have to be kept out of your dog's reach as there can be a risk of choking and intestinal blockage. Shards remain from broken ornaments can injure mouths, paws or other parts of your dog's body.
- Place Christmas tree secured. This could be a good idea for many reasons. Make sure the decorated tree with lights is secured in a tree stand or bucket.


Kitchener Memorial, Marwick Head
Kitchener Memorial, Marwick Head
In 1916 the HMS Hampshire sank off Marwick Head in mysterious circumstances. Among those who lost their lives was Lord Kitchener, minister of war at that time. A memorial was erected atop the cliffs in honour of Kitchener and the others who lost their lives aboard the Hampshire.
Lord Kitchener
Field Marshall Lord Kitchener is probably best known today for the famous WWI recruiting poster featuring his face and the slogan, 'Your Country Needs You'. His military career, however, extended far beyond posters and slogans.
Kitchener served in the ill-fated attempt to rescue General Gordon from Khartoum, and later fought and defeated the Sudanese forces under Abdullah al-Taashi. When the Second Boer War broke out in 1899 Kitchener devastated the Boer farms and herded women and children into huge compounds known as concentration camps.
Not only was he made a full General after the conflict, but the idea of concentration camps was born, with horrible consequences during WWII. Then in 1916 Kitchener was responsible for savagely putting down the Easter Rebellion in Ireland.
It is safe to say that although Kitchener was a national hero in England, he was hated in other countries. The conspiracy theories surrounding his death are more plausible given how controversial his military career had been.
The Wreck of the HMS Hampshire
Kitchener was said to be on a secret mission to Russia, an attempt to convince the Tsar to stay in the conflict. With him in the hold of the Hampshire was a quantity of gold bullion, to be used to bribe the Tsar if conventional arguments failed.
The Hampshire set off from Scapa Flow on Monday, 5 June 1916, with a crew of 643 men, plus Kitchener and his staff. The weather was foul, with a Force 9 gale and high seas. Under normal circumstances, there is no way the ship would have sailed, but Kitchener's mission was thought to be so urgent that the Hampshire went ahead despite the storms.
What happened next is a mixture of fact and conjecture. The ship may have tried to turn back. We do know that a telegraph message was sent from Birsay Post Office to Kirkwall saying that the vessel seemed to be in distress. A second message sent shortly after said the vessel was down.
Now things get complicated; the local RNLI at Stromness asked the Naval HQ at Stromness if they should launch a lifeboat. To their surprise, the military strongly rejected the offer of assistance. Local people hurried to the cliffs at Marwick to offer what help they could, only to find armed soldiers on the clifftops, preventing any access to the sinking ship.
It took four hours after the vessel sunk for the first lifeboat to reach the shore. Some men died on the rocky shore, others never made it that far. Only 12 men survived, out of a total of 667 on board. Lord Kitchener was not among the survivors.
The official government version of events is that the Hampshire struck a mine laid by a German U-boat. A total of 22 mines were laid in late May and were not detected because regular mine-sweeping operations were delayed because of bad weather. So the wreck was simply a case of bad luck, a German mine, and bad weather.
Conspiracy Theories
The peculiar behaviour of the military authorities and the fact that Kitchener's body was never found gave rise to numerous theories to explain events. One theory was that Kitchener had never been on board at all. Another suggested that the IRA had assassinated him in reprisal for his handling of the Easter Rising.
The most persistent rumour was that a Boer named Fritz Joubert Duquesne joined Kitchener's party, disguised as a Russian duke. He signalled a German U-boat, then made his escape in a life raft. This same Duquesne later ran a successful undercover spy ring in the USA at the outbreak of WWII.
And what of the gold? It was never recovered, and its fate is unknown.
Kitchener's death had the same social impact as JFK's assassination. He was so popular in Britain that people were shocked by his death. Yet the government did not erect a memorial to his memory; the people of Orkney did. The Kitchener Memorial was erected in 1926 after funds were raised by public subscription.
The plaque at the base of the memorial reads:
This tower was raised by the people of Orkney in memory of Field Marshall Earl Kitchener of Khartoum on that corner of his country which he had served so faithfully nearest to the place where he died on duty. He and his staff perished along with the officers and nearly all the men of HMS Hampshire on 5th June, 1916.
There is no access to the memorial interior, but the walks along the cliffs are spectacular and the memorial acts as a prominent local landmark for the RSPB Marwick Head nature reserve, home to razorbills, kittiwakes, guillemots and an occasional puffin.
Just a short distance to the north is the Earl's Palace at Birsay, and the ancient monastery on the Brough of Birsay.
Getting There
There is a small parking area at Cumloquoy, on a minor road off the B9056 south of Birsay. A trail leads up to the clifftop, and you can easily see the memorial from a distance. It is no more than 500 metres from the parking area to the memorial. From there, a clifftop trail leads in both directions so you can explore the surrounding RSPB reserve and enjoy the spectacular views.


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The Michigan Road
Ripley County, named for War of 1812 General Eleazer Wheelock Ripley, was formed in 1818.
Most of the Michigan Road in Ripley County was never added to the modern state highway system. US 421 leaves the Michigan Road shortly after entering Ripley County and doesn't rejoin it until shortly before leaving the county. Just before the road leaves Jefferson County, it curves to the east a bit; just after it enters Ripley County, to stay on the Michigan Road you have to follow a side road, as this map shows. I highlighted the Michigan Road as a green line on the map.
This excerpt from an 1870 atlas suggests that a fork once existed where the road now curves east, and the Michigan Road ran straight north and briefly through what is now the Jefferson Proving Ground. The map shows the east fork, now US 421, running through Rexville and the west fork, the Michigan Road, running more northerly. The only hitch is that the fork actually would have been just south of the county line in Jefferson County. But if this is a simple matter of mapmaker error in locating the fork, then that at some point about two miles of the original route were abandoned for the current configuration. If you view an aerial map of this area at maximum zoom, you can see spots of what might have been the road along the line where the road would have been.
US 421 continues straight towards Versailles and Osgood. During the early 20th century, somehow the US 421 route became the modern Michigan Road, and was even signed as such. The real Michigan Road gets very little notice today as it provides an intimate view to a great deal of farmland and passes through a very small town.
To see the Michigan Road auto trail through Versailles and Osgood, follow this side trip.
Here's where the Michigan Road turns off US 421.
Turning onto the "old" Michigan Road, you immediately feel like you've stepped out into the country. Except for the road having been widened to two lanes and paved, this landscape has probably changed little in 100 years.
Shortly after turning onto this segment, but before the Michigan Road turns north, a stone one-lane bridge appears, as this video shows.
I found nothing on the bridge that tells when it was built, but I guess late 1800s.
The bridge looks good for its age, although the bridge footers show obvious modern repair work. Under the bridge, it's obvious a sealant was applied at some point, but it did not seem to help much.
The bridge's deck appeared solid. I wonder whether the deck was originally stone.
Here's the view from the bridge. Notice JPG's perimeter road just inside its fence. This photo is a bit misleading that it makes the road look as wide as the bridge. In reality, two cars can pass on the road, but would more than rub elbows on the bridge.
About five miles north of the bridge, the JPG fence pulls away and disappears, and then the road enters little New Marion, as this map shows.
This old house stands on the southwest corner of 4th and Main.
On the northeast corner of 3rd and Main stands the St. Magdalene Catholic Church. Its original building stood a few miles away inside what is now the Jefferson Proving Ground. When the Army took over in 1941, the church's cemetery moved to the Michigan Road north of Madison, while the congregation rebuilt here.
This interview with a woman who lived in New Marion during World War II tells of when the church was moved:
There was a big catholic church, it was St. Magdalene and they moved that, all the cemetery, all the plots, dug them all up, the stone and everything, and the people had no say so, they were just told we'll give you so much money for your land and you get out, and you had a certain amount of time to do it, and so neighbors, who had knew each other for years and generations were scattered everywhere.
She also talked about what it was like living next to JPG during the war:
When we were in high school, and when we, after the war started, and they used this area, this Jefferson Proving Ground to test ammunition. They dropped bombs from airplanes, so it was a very noisy time. It was uh, we could sit on our back step at home and it was like fireworks all the time, and you could see them dropping the bombs, and flares would go up, and the noise was so bad that it would break windows in our house and in the town where we lived, and it would knock flowers out of windows, and you could hear the bombs go off, so you were always aware that there was a war going on...
Just north of 1st St. stands the New Marion Baptist Church. Its building has two dates on it, 1835 and 1868.
Just north of town lies the New Marion Cemetery, which some sources say is associated with the Baptist Church.
After driving so many miles in the country, it's a bit of a surprise to come upon US 50, one of the original U.S. highways running over 3,000 miles from Maryland to California. A Michigan Road historical marker stands on the southeast corner of the intersection. It needs to be restored.
Just past US 50 the Michigan Road crosses the Ohio and Mississippi railroad track, where the town of Dabney once stood.
A bit north of the tracks is the Dabney Baptist Church, the only reminder of the old town. The church started in nearby Otter Village in 1852, but moved here in 1854 to be near the railroad. This building was completed in 1885.
Here's a southbound shot of the road just north of Dabney.
As the road nears Napoleon, somebody spray-painted "St. Maurice 2008 CYO Champs" on the roof of this curious building, which stands on the southeast corner of 700N.
This stone culvert (or is it a very small bridge?) is just beyond 700N.
I wonder if this side used to be as tall as the other, but the stones above roadway level were removed at some point.
Even this far out in the country, the signs faithfully remember the road's heritage.
Here's a southbound shot of the road over the stone culvert.
When the Michigan Road reaches the south end of Napoleon, it makes a hard right and quickly ends at US 421. The map labels the road as 850N, but it is signed Michigan Road. Notice that if you follow the Michigan Road's path straight north, it meets US 421 somewhere north of Jackson St. My guess is that it used to do just that, but was abandoned after the road that is now US 421 was built.
This excerpt from an 1856 Indiana atlas in the David Rumsey collection, supports my theory. I've highlighted the Michigan Road in blue and the road from Versailles and Osgood that became US 421 in red.
North of the turn, the road becomes a gravel path briefly, as this southbound photo shows.
It provides access to the Lutheran Cemetery. Past the cemetery's north edge, the gravel becomes two-track briefly and then the road disappears. I would like someday to explore along this corridor for clues.
Here's where the road ends at US 421.
Napoleon was platted in 1820 with an east-west main street that is State Road 229 today. The Michigan Road is Madison St.
Check out the burglar alarm above the door of the 1904 Napoleon State Bank building on the northwest corner of Main and Madison.
The current Napoleon State Bank stands on the southeast corner. This bank has four branches in nearby towns and has managed to stay independent, which is no mean feat today.
I ducked down Main Street for a minute, where I found the 1838 Central House, a former stop for people driving hogs from Indianapolis to Cincinnati along an early stagecoach route. It is used today for the occasional play or musical.
Back on the Michigan Road, this building houses the Bonaparte's Retreat restaurant.
On the southwest corner of Wilson St. stands this flour mill, about which I have so far been able to find out nothing.
What's really interesting about this building is seeing the two new signs painted on it with all the old ones long fading.
The only White Lily flour I have been able to find information about is pretty much a Southern institution, well known for making the most tender biscuits. But that White Lily flour was, until 2006, made exclusively in Knoxville, Tennessee.
On the northwest corner of Wilson St. is this very large old house.
The old house stands at the east end of Berry's Trace, later known as Brownstown Road. It ran west to at least the east fork of the White River, where it joined a "three-notch" road that ran from Indianapolis to the falls of the Ohio River. I haven't been able to figure out Berry's Trace's route for certain.
Heading north out of Napoleon, this little creek comes out from behind a gas station and runs alongside the Michigan Road.
Directly across the street, drivers are reassured they're still on US 421 as they leave town.
From Napoleon, it's a short distance to the Decatur County line. Just before you get there, if you don't keep your eyes peeled you'll miss this old house on the right. It appears to be abandoned.
Here's a closer look at the house.
Created 18 June 2008. Updated 13 March 2009, 2 January 2012.


The Gold IRA Rollover Versus Transfer is a choice that many investors make but do not fully understand. Gold IRAs allow for different types of investments, and transfers can be done without any reporting requirements. In this blog post, we will present the difference between Gold IRA Rollovers and Transfers in more detail to help you select which one best suits your needs.
Transfers vs. Rollovers: What's the difference?
It is not hard to make a case for switching over to a form of self-directed IRA known as a Gold IRA, which will allow you to include gold and other precious metals within the account.
Anyone concerned about the uncertainty in today's financial systems or occurring uncertainties in world economies is smart to consider acting on their fears.
If you're looking for a retirement plan with choices outside of the norm, then look no further than your Self-Directed IRA. With this account type, investors have access to options like real estate investments and precious metals and more traditional assets such as stocks and bonds.
An IRA transfer is a way to move funds or retirement assets from one account to another. It is possible to move your account between financial institutions without ever having the money show up in any way. Furthermore, this transaction is not reported by the IRS, and you can do it as many times as you want with no limitation on the time frame or the number of transfers allowed.
Your account cannot transfer into an ineligible retirement account type when it comes to IRA transfersfor example. Traditional IRAs cannot be put into a Roth IRA without performing a 'Roth Conversion.'
There are two different things that the IRS calls a rollover.
 - Direct Rollover
 In a direct rollover, funds from qualified retirement plans or employer-sponsored plans that are not an IRA are moved into a Traditional IRA. This means that the funds are sent directly from one provider to another, so you don't see the money before it hits your new account.
 You can move your money from one retirement account to another. It's a lot like a transfer, but it has different paperwork reported to the IRS. You don't need to pay taxes on your funds because you're rolling them back into a retirement account.
 - Indirect Rollover
 An indirect rollover happens when you take money out of one account and put it back into another account, but you do it yourself. For example, if you get a check from your retirement fund and deposit it into your own personal bank account.
 You can then write a check from that account and send it to your new IRA provider for deposit into your account. This is an indirect rollover that must be deposited within 60 days back into a retirement account in order to avoid any taxes being levied by the IRS.
 Indirect rollovers are an opportunity to change investments. If you want to make more than one indirect rollover in a 12-month period, the IRS will not schedule or process them; however, they will still occur if more than one is made in this space of time.
The Mechanics of a Gold IRA Rollover
The simplest way to understand a gold IRA rollover is like an automatic transfer from one retirement plan administrator to the next. Simply fund your new self-directed account by rolling over or transferring money out of your current account into this new one, and you're all set.
Your existing IRA account administrator will simply initiate an electronic transfer of your current funds and/or assets to the new plan's administrator. The present laws in the United States allow you to transfer money from old IRAs and other qualified retirement plans. You are only able to take advantage of this rollover once a year.
Proceeding in this way is easy and clear. You simply select out the company you trust with which you want to work and then begin filling in their paperwork. You submit the form either by email, fax, courier, or U.S. mail to the new IRA administrator firm.
They will then take the proverbial ball to open your new account and obtain the funds from the old IRA account straight with the other custodian administrator. This usually only needs around two weeks or even less for the funds to be effectively moved over from your present administrator to your new custodian.
After the funds are proved to be received and credited by your new IRA account plan administrator, you are ready to discuss with them. You direct them to which precious metals and coins you wish them to buy from the available precious metals complex of gold, silver, palladium, and platinum.
The Particulars of a Gold IRA Transfer
The other way to move your money from the old account to the new account is by directly transferring it yourself.
This is called a 60-Day rollover by the Internal Revenue Service and is described on their official website. It starts by receiving the distribution of money directly in the form of a check that has been paid out. You will need to deposit the money into a new account in 60 days or less. The countdown starts from the moment you actually receive the distribution.
In certain specific cases, the 60-day rollover limitation might be waived if you missed your critical deadline due to a situation outside of your control.
There are three ways to get an exception for this rule:
 - You could simply apply solely for an automatic waiver.
 - You can get a private letter ruling that grants you a waiver, but the application process is $10,000.
 - You might self-certify that you fulfill all the requirements for a waiver and then be audited by tax officials to verify eligibility.
You might qualify for an automatic waiver if all of these things happen to you:
 - The money for your new IRA does not get deposited into your account at the bank. The problem is that there is an error at the bank.
 - You did, in fact, make sure that the financial institution received the funds on time. You also made sure to properly follow all of their requirements for correctly depositing said funds into your account, which should have been observed before the 60-day rollover limit expired.
 - The document would have been completed on time and correctly if the bank had sent the funds to the appropriate account as instructed.
 - The funds will be deposited into your IRA account in less than a year from the start of the 60 day period.
Keep an eye on your deadline if you want to avoid financial penalties. If the transfer is not complete in time or there's a waiver, then funds will become fully taxable and subject to taxes plus a 10% penalty for early withdrawal (unless they were taken out of Roth IRA).
Warning About the Potential Tax Implications of a Transfer
The act of transferring funds from an old IRA to a new account is not as simple as rolling the money over. When you are receiving a distribution either directly or indirectly, there are some potential tax implications that should be examined before making your final decision on what option would work best for you in terms of estimated taxes and penalties due.
This means that if these funds are not meant to be taxed and penalized as they would not be when you finalized the 60-day rollover procedure on time, then you will have to make use of other funds in order to settle the full distribution transfer yourself.
Naturally, the variation that you overlooked would later conform to you on your annual tax return. You can either get a tax refund or credit against the taxes you owe.
The best way to avoid these complications is not to worry about them at all. As long as you have your new IRA account administrator take care of the old one for you, there's nothing to it. That will save money and headaches in no time flat.
Is an IRA Transfer Right For Me?
If you're considering an IRA transfer, your initial consideration should be whether or not it is right for you. One of the major benefits of a transfer is that they are easy and low-hassle because there aren't any limits on how many transfers can take place in a year's time from one account custodian.
However, this convenience does come with some downsides. Namely, suppose someone wants to move their money back quickly after transferring without Warning beforehand. In that case, they will likely have difficulty finding out when deadlines are approaching due to being dependent upon the old custodian's schedule.
If you want better control over your retirement savings but would like them transferred easily between accounts at different institutions (such as banks), then maybe an IRA Transfer may work for you.
Or Should I Roll with an IRA Rollover?
An IRA rollover is a process in which you move your funds from your retirement account to another financial institution. If you need the money fast, this option might be better for you since it's typically faster than an IRA transfer. They also grant you the right to hold the money for 60 days before rolling it back into a retirement account.
The disadvantage is that you are limited to one indirect rollover from an IRA each year. If you close the process within 60 days, it is possible that your funds may be distributed if something goes wrong with your plan.
Some people might want to move some of their retirement money from a traditional account to a Gold IRA because it is safer.
Consequently, before deciding on rolling back into another retirement account, it's important that you do all of your research and understand what kind of options are available specific to your situation. So that there are no surprises later down the line when something doesn't go as planned.
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I've long been fascinated with underworld mythology, so I was excited for Underworld: Shamanism, Myth, Magic to arrive. It draws on stories and themes from a wide variety of cultures, including Greek, Norse, Celtic, Mayan, Egyptian, Native American, Hindu, Buddhist, Jewish, and Christian mythology. Focusing on both broad themes of what the underworld is and how it functions, as well as practical advice for navigating it, author Chris Allaun writes,
The Underworld is a place of magick and power. Most of us, when we are learning magick and spiritual wisdom seek the four elements, the world around us, and the stars above. All of these things do, indeed, hold power, but what of the world below? There is a vast world beneath us that many fear. Shamans, witches, and magicians know that the Underworld has many secrets. The Underworld, to many, is dark and a place of monsters and the sinful dead. It can certainly be that, but there is much more to be revealed.1
Overall I recommend it, because there is a lot of very helpful and insightful information in it. But bear in mind, this book is written for someone who already has a basic understanding of how magick works, and a passing familiarity with the myths being referenced. I don't think it's completely inaccessible to a beginner, and they may want to have their preferred 101 book on hand while reading this.
Underworld: Shamanism, Myth, Magic is divided into five parts, each discussing a certain aspect or denizen of the underworld. The first is an overview, explaining the idea of the underworld, the function it serves in different cultures, and the importance of narrative, metaphor, and the subconscious mind in understanding it. Allaun discusses the kind of knowledge that can be found in the underworld, as well as the reasons it is often feared and repressed. At the end of this section he provides several exercises for astral projection and for finding a guide in the underworld. These are excellent; approachable enough for a beginner but still useful for someone more experienced. (In fact, all of the exercises and rituals Allaun provides are very useful and they're one of the main reasons I recommend this book!)
The next section explores the practical aspects of navigating the underworld and what someone might find there. There's an interesting portion describing various natural landmarks, such as rivers, mountains, and caves, that can appear in the underworld, and what they represent in various mythologies. Allaun offers a brief tour of Hades, Helheim, the Otherworld, and other underworlds he's travelled in. They're interesting accounts, and worth reading, but much of them is drawn from his own personal experiences — and thus, are filtered through his beliefs and worldview. Consequently, they often seem very similar in a way that stories coming from vastly different cultures realistically wouldn't be.
That brings me to my main frustration with this book: how difficult it is to trace where all its ideas come from. It's clear that a lot of research went into it; it includes an extensive bibliography, but few of these sources are cited in the text, and Allaun often mixes his research and his personal experiences without making it clear which is which. As Allaun says, the underworld varies greatly depending on the person travelling it and why they are there. It could be very difficult for someone new to the subject to glean what they might encounter and what is unique to Allaun's underworld. What you get out of the first half of this book will depend very much on how well Allaun's experiences resonate with you.
The third section covers what Allaun calls Hell Worlds: underworlds with an emphasis on trials, punishment, and judgement, specifically the Mayan Xibalba, the Egyptian afterlife journey described in the Book of the Dead, and the Christian Hell. Much of this section is spent discussing rites of passage and spiritual ordeals, contrasting ideas like damnation and eternal punishment with transformation or improving oneself by confronting your own fears and weaknesses. There is some advice and exercises for people seeking that kind of experience, as well as for those who are formerly Christian and are still afraid of going to Hell. He also spends a lot of time discussing the Qliphoth as the shadow of the Tree of Life, and how to work with this idea in the context of other underworld work. I'm no expert in Jewish mysticism,2 but I found this section very interesting and I think it could be useful to those who work with the kabbalah.
The fourth section contains a straightforward — and very fun to read! — bestiary of beings that dwell in the underworld in various mythologies, including dwarves, faeries, demons, and vampires. It includes a very helpful guide on banishing negative parasitic entities that might follow you back from the underworld, as well as some interesting thoughts on guardian spirits and imprisoned gods.
The final section of the book is absolutely fantastic. In it, Allaun describes the restless dead and their interactions with the living: how and why they stay behind, and how they can be laid to rest. Allaun has a great deal of experience helping spirits move on. His case studies are illuminating, providing many examples of reasons someone might have trouble crossing over and ways to help them do so. He approaches difficult issues such as grief, mental illness, and suicide in a compassionate and non-judgemental manner. Also in this section, he discusses the funeral practices of various cultures and how to communicate with the dead for knowledge or magical purposes.3
Underworld: Shamanism, Myth, Magic could be very useful to anyone interested in exploring the underworld or working with its inhabitants. The information is solid, despite some issues in how its presented, and Allaun's experiences add a unique insight into the topic. Overall a good read for anyone interested in the underworld!


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Flowering purslane (Portulaca grandiflora), also called sun plant and moss rose, forms a dense mat of pretty rose-like flowers all summer. It is easy to grow, even if your soil is sandy and your summer temperatures bake other plants. Sporting one-inch flowers in a rainbow of colors, from scarlet to purple, yellow or pink, flowering purslane is native to Brazil and can grow to 6 inches tall, with the flowers appearing atop its trailing stems, which can spread over 1 foot from the plant's base. Seeds are available at some nurseries and in seed catalogs.
Place the starter plants directly in the garden area or scatter the seeds thinly, barely covering them with soil, in the spring. It is not necessary to amend the soil before planting because this plant is very hardy. In a warmer climate zones, such as USDA zones 10 and 11, purslane can be planed in April, May, October or November.
Water the area after you plant the seeds or starter plants, and keep it moist until the plants begin to spread. After they are established, water them once or twice each week, especially during very hot weather. Always water your plants until the soil is moist but not saturated.
Thin the seedlings to 3 inches apart, and if the flowering purslane begins to spread farther than you want, trim them or eliminate entire plants.
Feed your purslane any fertilizer that has an N-P-K ratio of 10-10-10 or balanced plant food once every month or six weeks. Mix it according to instructions on the manufacturer's label, but cut the perscribed amount of fertilizer in half.


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Creek Farm, a dairy near Hook comprising 120 cattle, needed to improve the energy use and efficiency of the dairy. The aim was to both reduce costs to the business as well as develop the environmental sustainability of the farm. They applied for a grant of 50% towards eligible costs to purchase a larger refrigeration system with heat recovery to improve efficiency.
Catherine Mitchell, a partner in the business, explained why this is so important, "Milk refrigeration is fundamental to the dairy business and efficiencies had to be made in order to maintain a viable dairy business, particularly as the current system was inefficient on energy saving and costly to the business".
Not only would the new refrigeration system reduce energy costs, it would also create energy via the heat recovery unit which could then be utilized on the farm, for example heating water to wash the dairy, further reducing costs. The project would also reduce haulage costs and emissions due to the larger refrigeration unit, meaning less need for such frequent collection of milk. This would also have a positive social impact, meaning there would be fewer large haulage vehicles on the rural roads and therefore also a reduction in food miles, making the end milk product more sustainable.


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Definition of Anterior tongue
Anterior tongue: The front two-thirds of the tongue. In contrast to the base of the tongue, which is the back third. The distinction between the anterior and base of the tongue reflects the fact that they are of different embryological origin. The distinction also matters as regards cancer. See: Tongue cancer.
Last Editorial Review: 10/9/2012
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On Linux I have some generated C++ code from a static library that defines a global variable. A single instance of this global variable is shared between two shared libraries that refer to its symbol.
When the process shuts down and the static termination phase is run, I see that the destructor on this shared instance is run twice! Presumably once per library as each unloads.
This question is closely related to another I saw recently here: related question. This sounds like the same behavior, but there is no discussion about why it is happening.
Does anybody know the theoretical explanation behind this behavior?


you to work, play games, or watch movies clearly and comfortably on a computer. Therefore, choosing a monitor should not be arbitrary or merely cheap. There are not a few important aspects that need to be ignored before deciding to purchase a monitor.
We will submit tips on how to choose a quality computer:
1. Determine the size of the monitor
The choice of monitor size depends on the usage requirements and the user's budget. For example, a 24-inch screen (moderate) is felt to be sufficient to support work productivity and entertainment activities. But if space allows, the screen size of 27 inches and above is no problem.
Currently, not a few 27-inch monitors appear with a resolution of Wide Quad High Definition (WQHD) resolution of 2560 x 1440 pixels. A higher pixel count can deliver a much sharper image than Full HD. Even so, it must be balanced with a powerful graphics card to be able to play the latest games with higher resolution.
2. Choose screen resolution
Another critical factor that should be considered is the screen resolution. Especially in this day and age, many monitors already have Full HD resolution (1920 x 1080 pixels). The sharpest image display with clearly visible text size makes a monitor with Full HD resolution a basic requirement for monitors at this time.
3. Select panel technology
There are many types of display technology, where each has advantages and disadvantages. In general, the mainstream panels used are Twisted Nematic (TN) and In-Plane Switching (IPS). TN is a very affordable and popular panel among gamers because it offers pixel response and fast refresh rates. Unfortunately, this panel is prone to shifting colors when viewed from all sides. While IPS can provide the best color quality with a wide viewing angle, although it cannot match the TN panel pixel response.
So, if you will often use a monitor for entertainment work or workers, then the IPS panel is the right choice. The IPS panel offers better complete visual quality. This means that color reproduction is more vibrant and accurate, and the perspective is better.
4. Check response time
This point is that not all people need it. Generally, a monitor with a fast response time requires no less professional gamers. Gamers demand a response time of under 8 ms to ensure that fast-moving videos or animations can be free of ghosting effects when used for heavy gaming.
However, it's not just on heavy gaming, it is also crucial when you playing sports betting or online casino in _URL_, you don't want to have monitor with delay response time, because time is crucial when you betting your money.
5. Check color accuracy
Professional users often have special needs which create they must consider many aspects before choosing a monitor. Call it a profession like a photographer, web designer, special effect artist, to pro-gamers, who need accurate color control to support the whole work. If a spacer is included in it, the priority for choosing the right monitor is image quality with sRGB.
6. Refresh rate speed
A different factor that also evaluates choices is the refresh rate. Most monitors today are equipped with a refresh rate of 60 Hz, which means you can only watch 60 frames per second while gaming. This is enough for office workers, lecturers, or business people who merely use monitors for everyday computing.
But if SpAcer is a gamer, animator, or YouTuber, then choose a monitor with at least a refresh rate of 144 Hz to provide empirical play or smoother work. Some high-end gaming monitors are even designed with technology known as variable refresh rates. This feature is included in the monitor so that it can be refreshed at the same frame rate by the system. For example, if the game is rendered at 50 frames per second, the monitor will refresh at 50 frames per second.
There are at least two manufacturers available at this time, namely NVIDIA G-Sync and AMD Freesync. So, if you will often use a monitor for heavy work, look for monitors that are supported among these types of cards.
7. Pay attention to other features
To increase work productivity or work together with friends, choose a monitor with an ergonomic stand so that the tilt, height, and angle can be easily adjusted. In addition to giving up a sense of comfort when using a monitor, the design also helps minimize fatigue on your neck and eyes when looking at the monitor.
Finally, a different thing to note is to choose a monitor that is equipped with an anti-glare coating that will help you when in the brightest room or sitting behind a window. You also try to choose a monitor that has a built-in speaker that can provide sharp and powerful sound. This way, you don't need an external speaker, and at the same time, can guard the aesthetics of the room without the number of messy cables near the monitor.
That's many tips from Acer in choosing the ideal monitor. If you want something far more unique and efficient, you can choose PC All in One (AIO) because it takes up less space and is free from complicated cable connections. Acer recommends the Aspire S24 and Aspire U27, which have a balanced blend of performance and design.
The Aspire S24 features a stylish look thanks to the 2.7 mm super-thin screen bezel. Comes with 24-inch screen size, this thinnest Acer AIO PC offers strong performance for work productivity to multimedia. In it, the Aspire S24 uses an 8th generation Intel Core processor and Intel Optane Memory to help the PC performance faster. It can even simplify cell phone battery charges with Qi Wireless Charging technology.
While the Aspire U27 is most suitable for multimedia entertainment work. AIO PC has a bigger screen, which is 27 inches Full HD and has been equipped with Acer ExaColor technology for accurate color. Clear sound when watching a movie or watching music comes thanks to two speakers with a specially designed internal subwoofer.
Interestingly, the Aspire U27 is equipped with a LiquidLoop fanless cooling system that can reduce the problem of excessive heat. The system can also create a PC that operates more quietly and is energy efficient. Even so, that performance is more responsive and fast, and this AIO PC already has an upgrade to Intel Optane Memory.
No longer hesitant or confused, buying a computer monitor, spAcer. May be useful!
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Which is The Best of N-TFT LCD, IPS or AMOLED to Play Sbobet Games in Smartphone
The present era of this artificial smartphone is very little different, with so many variations of specifications for the unique of all users.
Surely you have heard of TN-TFT, IPS, and OLED in screen groups.
Your friend might have heard "Super AMOLED is better compared because of…., but is that so? What is the difference between each type and can it be better?
Well, you can better understand when buying a smartphone to be able to use the use of each screen better, as follows a very easy brief explanation of TN-TFT, IPS, and OLED which are not uncommon.
LCD or Liquid Crystal Display is a screen panel that uses liquid crystals as the main display material. Therefore, the TN-TFT screen requires a backlight or backlight projected onto the liquid crystal layer to be able to display color until it becomes an image.
TN-TFT LCD itself used Thin Film Transistor technology and became popular in the television and monitor markets thanks to higher prices and compatible with previous comparable screen designs. So it is not surprising not a few in the era of the emergence of smartphones that used the most TFT-TN until now.
There are advantages of TN-TFT compared to other types of screens, namely a higher level of freedom, the sharpness of color, easy to witness in the sun, and more extended durability compared to OLED screens. Even so, TFT-TN is not without weaknesses that require technology must compete with OLED.
Some of the disadvantages of TN-TFT include high power consumption, contrast that is not good enough to not be able to display black, approved colors when viewed from a wide-angle, and low response times that can be done ghosting or shading to the point not suitable for use as VR equipment. As Virtual Reality technology rapidly growing, it's not just developed for the regular company, many companies who provide online sportsbook also start to develop casino games in VR mode.
Also, the TN-TFT is in contrast to PLS-TFT, which is now being used on the latest Samsung smartphones. The PLS-TFT uses Samsung's exclusive Plane Line Switching technology to compete with IPS technology so that in terms of image quality, it is far better compared to TFT-TN and equals IPS.
IPS or In-Plane Switching is still classified as an LCD type; only the technology used is the opposite of TFT-TN. IPS LCD technology allows liquid crystals to be arranged to increase viewing angles and change the colors compared to TFT-TN.
IPS is very suitable for tablet equipment, and it is not better for smartphones to switch to using this one panel higher for the upper-middle level. IPS provides the best equilibrium of existing smartphone panel technology.
More efficient use of power, a viewing angle of up to 178 degrees, until accurate color reproduction, is the main charm of IPS besides the advantages of TN-TFT which is already included. However, IPS also still has a weakness similar to TFT-TN, which is relatively low response time.
IPS is not often the primary choice for users who are most concerned with color resolution, editing, or editing because the colors shown are always consistent.
OLED or Organic Light-Emitting Diode is a display technology that can produce light and compared LCD that requires a backlight. The use of OLED technology allows the screen to be thin, wide