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CMIT Student Charter
1. Overall Commitment to Quality
We promise to give accurate details of our services, who the services are for, and how we commit to quality and good practice for those services. The level and detail of the information we provide will be sufficient so that learners can clearly match their needs against the service that we offer. Information will be clearly stated, readily understood and easily accessible.
2. Pre-enrolment practices
At all times information given to potential students, either written or orally, will be truthful and accurate. The prospectus will provide the following details:
- The course name, Title of Award
- Name of Awarding Body, Level of Award
- The length of the course, The course objectives, The course content (syllabus)
- Access to course / Pre-requisites
- Arrangements for exemptions for major awards
- Assessment methods
- Opportunities for transfer and progression
3. Tutoring Standards
- Regular external and internal monitoring will be conducted on tutoring standards.
- Tutor comments will be provided to students following all assessments. Tutors will demonstrate a real conscientious desire to help students.
- All assessments will be appropriate to the subject matter and be of real assistance in helping students achieve their objectives.
- Students may make contact with Tutors through the online messaging system.
4. Administration Practices
- Within college hours, someone will be available in the college to handle online or phone enquiries of a counselling nature. If someone is not available, students will be called back within 1 working day.
- Communications about administrative and tutorial matters will be answered within 7 working days of receipt.
- Queries, where a longer time-scale is required for a complete answer, will be acknowledged within 3 working days, the delay explained, and an indication given of when a full answer can be expected.
- Entry requirements are specified for each programme. An appeals mechanism is in place for learners who are refused entry to a programme.
5. Enrolment Practices
- Students will be enrolled within 3 days of payment being made.
- All information given by students is confidential to the institution, its employees and tutors.
- If you cancel a course, within 14 days, we will re-credit your course fees, within 28 days of receiving your notice of cancellation. There is an administration fee of €60 (Ireland) / £50 (UK) which will not be refunded in the event of a cancellation. If you are paying by instalments 60 days notice must be given where you wish to cancel; instalment payments will be payable during this notice period.
- If a student falls ill during their assigned time to a particular programme, they must contact the college immediately and provide a letter from their doctor. We may allow students to defer for a stated period and if the course is no longer available at this stage, they will be allowed to transfer to an alternative or similar programme. Each request will be considered on an individual basis and is at the discretion of the college.
6. Learner Protection
- CMIT has put in place appropriate arrangements for the protection of learners on QQI programmes which have a duration of three months or longer, should CMIT unexpectedly cease to provide such a QQI programme. To comply with this, CMIT has either:- (1) arrangements in place with at least two other QQI registered organisations so that learners may transfer to complete their programme, or (2) a Bank Guarantee is in place so that learners may be refunded. Full details are on our website
- Tutor support is available by email to support hearing impaired learners.
- Electronic files are provided (where possible) to facilitate computer "screen readers" to support visually impaired learners. Samples will be sent in advance to ensure compatibility.
- Learners with dyslexia, who inform the college of this learning difficulty, may be allowed: (1) extra time to submit their course assessments, and (2) an individual, selected by the learner, to proof and correct errors but not amend the substance of the learner's work. No marks shall be deducted for spelling or grammar mistakes provided that the communication of the learner's ideas have not been impeded.
- CMIT will provide reasonable accommodation to meet the needs of a learner who has a disability. In the context of assessment, reasonable accommodation is the term for the adaptation of assessment as necessary to cater for the needs of learners whose personal situation means that the assessment would otherwise be unfair, for example, learners with a disability, and/or other learners covered by equality legislation. Contact us for more details.
- Complaints regarding any aspect of inequality should be made in writing to the Student Services Director.
8. Recognition of Prior Learning
- As some students already have degrees, diplomas or certificates in areas related to courses, it is possible to apply for exemption from modules of certain courses whose content has already been covered by existing qualifications. It is not possible to obtain exemptions based on work experience only. Contact the college for full details.
9. Assessment and Appeals
- Assessments must be made by submitted within specified deadlines. Failure to do so may result in the award not being awarded to the student.
- Students may be requested to re-submit their assessments if their work does not meet the required standard. This may impact on the learner's ability to complete the course within the specified time-frame. Where learners fail to meet the assessment criteria, following more than 2 re-submissions of their work, this may result in a 'Fail' grade.
- All students' work must be their own original work. The college has a strict policy in relation to plagiarism of submitted work, and if it is established, the penalties may include re-submission of work (where the maximum grade awarded is a pass) or exclusion from the programme. Please read your student guide for detailed information on this and how to avoid plagiarism. CMIT uses specialist software to determine plagiarism in students work.
- All student work for ILM and QQI programmes will be marked by an Internal Assessor, and then checked by an Internal Verifier and an External Authenticator. An appeals process is in place in relation to passing: (1) tutor-marked assignments, (2) final grades awarded, and (3) programmes. All Appeals must be submitted within 14 days of receipt of the result. Information on appeals may be requested by contacting the college.
- Certification of learners will take place on at least two occasions during each calendar year. Cut-off deadlines exist to meet a certification date.
10. Data Protection and Disclosures
- We comply fully with the GDPR including the right to access, right to rectify, right to delete, and right to object to direct marketing. See Terms and Conditions on our website for full details.
- The rights of individuals with regard to anonymity and the avoidance of discrimination will be upheld. For example, Whistle-blowers are protected by legislation which confirms that they are protected from harassment and unfair or damaging treatment regardless of whether the allegations are unfounded.
11. The Environment
We have a strong commitment to the environment and continue to increase our responsibility in this area including the following:
- All courses delivered digitally.
- 100% recycling of all paper, plastics, and electrical materials.
- 100% avoidance use of non–renewable energy sources.


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Aboriginal objects are physical evidence of the use of an area by Aboriginal people. They can also be referred to as 'Aboriginal sites','relics' or 'cultural material'.
Aboriginal objects include:
- physical objects, such as stone tools, Aboriginal-built fences and stockyards, scarred trees and the remains of fringe camps
- material deposited on the land, such as middens
- the ancestral remains of Aboriginal people.
Handicrafts made by Aboriginal people for sale are not 'Aboriginal objects' under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974 (NPW Act).
Known Aboriginal objects and sites are recorded on OEH's Aboriginal Heritage Information Management System (AHIMS). If you find an object, you should report it to us.
See how tools were made by grinding or flaking stone, and learn how to look for signs of Aboriginal toolmaking in the bush.
Aboriginal scarred trees
Thousands of surviving trees in NSW bear scars resulting from removal of bark or wood by Aboriginal people in the past for the manufacture of canoes, shields and other artefacts. These scarred trees are one of the most common yet least understood items of Aboriginal heritage.
Rock art is amongst the oldest surviving human art forms. There are a number of different styles of rock art used across NSW, both of paintings and drawings and rock engravings.
The primary piece of legislation which protects Aboriginal cultural heritage in NSW is the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974 (NPW Act). Under the NPW Act it is an offence to harm (destroy, deface, or damage) or desecrate an Aboriginal object or Aboriginal place, or in relation to an object, move the object from the land on which is has been situated.
Finding Aboriginal artefacts
Penalties exist for anyone who knowingly or blatantly takes or collects Aboriginal artefacts.
If you find an Aboriginal artefact, you must leave it where it is and report the artefact and its location to the Office of Environment & Heritage. Even if you believe the artefact is in danger of being damaged the best thing to do leave it alone and report it immediately.
If you do mistakenly take an artefact or find yourself in possession of one, please return it to your local Office of Environment & Heritage office.
Code of Practice for Archaeological Investigation of Aboriginal objects in NSW
Regulation of Aboriginal cultural heritage
Aboriginal Heritage Information Management System
Page last updated: 24 September 2012

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Submitted to: Biological Systems Simulation Group Proceedings
Publication Type: Abstract Only
Publication Acceptance Date: 3/14/2008
Publication Date: N/A
Citation: Interpretive Summary:
Technical Abstract: The ability to simulate the effects of nitrogen on leaf growth and canopy development is important for potato simulation models that can be used to manage nitrogen applications. Most models simulate the effects of nitrogen on canopy growth at the whole plant level, i.e., the plant is viewed as a "big leaf". Recently, more mechanistic, leaf level models of photosynthesis have been developed to better estimate carbon assimilation and evapotranspiration rates as a function of environmental and basic physiological variables. In order to scale the simulations to the whole plant level, information on the growth of individual leaves is necessary. The relationship between carbon assimilation and N uptake is further complicated by atmospheric CO2 concentrations and the effects on carbon assimilation rate, carbon partitioning and N content in the plant. The objective of this study was to quantify leaf expansion rates in potato as a function of nitrogen application rate and CO2 level. Data on leaf growth rates were obtained from an experiment with potato carried out in pots in outdoor daylit growth chambers. Six N levels (2 to 14 mM N) and two CO2 levels (ambient and twice ambient) were applied with irrigation. A day/night temperature regime of 23/18 oC was maintained. Length and width were measured two times a week on selected mainstem and apical leaves. A Gompertz type equation was used to smooth the leaf area data. Leaf growth rates were calculated from the change in area over time and relative leaf age (Fleisher and Timlin, 2006). An empirical function was determined from the data to calculate the effect of N level on maximum leaf expansion rate The conclusions from this study are 1) the rate of expansion of a leaf and its final area are functions of nitrogen availability but the growth duration is not, and 2) carbon limitations also affect leaf expansion rates, especially for higher order leaves in potato. A function for leaf expansion rate that accounts for leaf age effects on growth rate with temperature and nitrogen adjustments appears to be a promising method to simulate leaf expansion in potato.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Over deze norm
1.1 This practice describes a solvent rub technique for assessing the solvent resistance of an organic coating that chemically changes during the curing process. This technique can be used in the laboratory, in the field, or in the fabricating shop. Test Method is the preferred method for ethyl silicate zinc-rich primers.
1.2 This practice does not specify the solvent, number of double rubs, or expected test results.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Consult the supplier's Material Safety Data Sheet for specific hazard information relating to the solvent used.
|Nederlandse titel||Standard Practice for Assessing the Solvent Resistance of Organic Coatings Using Solvent Rubs|
|Engelse titel||Standard Practice for Assessing the Solvent Resistance of Organic Coatings Using Solvent Rubs|


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|Research Home | Geotechnical Home|
|This report is an archived publication and may contain dated technical, contact, and link information|
Piles are mainly used to support structures under lateral and vertical loads. Vertical load-bearing capacity of piles depends mainly on site conditions, soil properties, pile material properties, pile dimensions, and method of pile installation. Pile types can be divided into two categories, according to their method of installation.(3) The first category consists of driven piles, which displace and disturb the soil, and the second category consists of piles that are installed without soil displacement. Steel, precast concrete, wood, and fiber-reinforced polymer piles belong to the first category. In the second category, soil is removed by drilling, and concrete is cast in the borehole to form the pile.
Analytical methods(4) and several design codes(5,6,7) can be used to evaluate the axial pile capacity, end bearing, and shaft friction along the pile. Dynamic methods, based on pile driving measurements, can be used to predict the axial static capacity of driven piles and assess the drivability and durability of piles during installation.(8) However, before dynamic testing is conducted, several material properties and data must be determined; these include the pile length, cross-sectional area, specific weight, wave speed, and dynamic elastic modulus. The evaluation of the dynamic methods for predicting the load-set response and the ultimate static capacity of piles must be obtained by comparing the dynamic method analysis results and static load test (SLT) results. Considering the engineering use of fiber-reinforced composite piles, it is essential to perform the above-mentioned engineering testing procedure to evaluate the behavior of these piles under axial loads and to develop reliable design methods to assess the shortand long-term behavior of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite piles.
In 1998, a waterfront rehabilitation project known as the Hudson River Park began. One goal was the replacement of up to 100,000 bearing piles for lightweight structures. The corrosion of steel, deterioration of concrete, and vulnerability of timber piles to the marine environment led the developer to consider composite materials with high degradation resistance, such as FRPs, as a replacement for pilings made of timber, concrete, or steel.
Concurrently, in 1998, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), with a long-term interest in the application of polymers in infrastructure, initiated a research project on the use of FRP pilings,
The main purpose of this current research was to address the need for a feasibility assessment of FRP composite bearing piles for highway and related facilities substructures, replacing traditional materials such as timber, concrete, or steel, specifically in the construction of waterfront structures in hostile marine environments. The engineering application of FRP may present competitive alternatives to conventional pile materials, due to the accelerated degradation of these conventional materials in aggressive environments (figures 1 and 2). Further, chemical treatment of wood pilings has become more difficult, due to the toxic nature of typical chemical treatments. State departments of transportation (DOT) facing major rehabilitation projects also have become interested in assessing the feasibility of using FRP composite bearing piles for infrastructure applications. To assess the feasibility of using FRP composite piles as vertical load-bearing piles, laboratory tests and a full-scale experiment, including dynamic and static load tests on FRP piles were conducted.
Figure 1. Photo. Marine borers (Limnoria) attacking untreated timber piles that support many of New York's highways and harbor piers.(9)
Figure 2. Photo. Complete corrosion of steel H piles supporting a harbor pier
(recently installed retrofit channels are already corroding).(9)
Research on the engineering behavior of FRP piles has primarily been focused on these piles' performance under lateral loading as fender piles. In general, current research and applications of FRP piles have addressed:
The research conducted thus far has involved primarily laboratory tests on the mechanical behavior, flexural behavior, and buckling resistance of FRP pile materials.
Laboratory tests were performed on the Plastic Piling, Inc. (PPI), pile to determine the lateral flexural stiffness. The tested pile had a 38.7-centimeter (cm)- (15.25-inch-) diameter, and the steel reinforcement consisted of 16 25.4-millimeter (mm)- (1-inch-) diameter bars connected with a spiral. The free span between the two supports at both pile ends was 5.8 meters (m) (19 feet (ft)). During the testing, the load was applied cyclically at the middle of the free span. The test results show that loads exceeding 222 kilonewtons (kN) (50 kips) caused permanent deflections in the pile. At these loads, yielding of the steel bars was initiated, inducing slippage in the recycled plastic. The ultimate lateral load-bearing capacity was 311 kN (70 kips), at which point the pile underwent fully plastic behavior. Further, the pile's response was ductile up to this load, and the recycled plastic did not appear to crack during loading.
Two axial laboratory tests were performed to obtain the buckling loads of Lancaster Composite, Inc., piles.(10) The pile samples had diameters of 25.4 and 30.5 cm (10 and 12 inches) and lengths of 9 and 11 m (29.52 and 36.08 ft), respectively. Two loading cycles were applied to the 30.5-cm- (12-inch-) diameter pile sample to a maximum load of 2113 kN (475 kips) and 2228 kN (501 kips); the latter load caused the sample to experience failure. A third applied loading cycle caused this pile sample to buckle at 1841 kN (414 kips). The maximum applied load on the 25.4-cm- (10-inch-) diameter pile sample at which it experienced failure was 1392 kN (313 kips).
Reviewing the current state-of-practice within the framework of the current research with the manufacturers of the selected FRP piles illustrated the need for both laboratory and field axial loading tests to assess the engineering performance of these piles as axial load-bearing piles.
The current state-of-practice related to the engineering use of FRP piles(9,11) indicates that FRP composite piles primarily have been used experimentally for fender piles, waterfront barriers, and bearing piles for light structures.(12-13)
Figure 3 shows fender piles manufactured by Lancaster Composite, Inc., in the U.S. Naval Submarine Base, San Diego, CA. Pier 5000, located in Point Loma at the southern tip of the San Diego Bay, is one of four major piers that serve as home base for several attack submarines.(14)
Figure 3. Photo. Fender piles in the U.S. Naval Submarine Base, San Diego, CA.
Figure 4 shows fender piles manufactured by PPI in U.S. Navy Pier 10 in San Diego, CA. This pier berths U.S. Navy vessels.
Figure 4. Photo. Fendering system in the U.S. Navy Pier 10, San Diego, CA.
Figure 5 shows the Nashville Avenue Marine Terminal at Port of New Orleans, LA. This terminal contains 40.6-cm (16-inch) SEAPILE® piles and a 30.5- by 30.5-cm (12- by 12-inch) SEATIMBER® fendering system that was manufactured by Seaward International in 1996.
Figure 5. Photo. Fendering system, Nashville Avenue Marine Terminal, Port of New Orleans, LA.
Figure 6 shows a floating dock project that consists of piles manufactured by American Ecoboard. The piles are 30.5 cm (12 inches) in diameter and 13.7 m (45 ft) long.
Figure 6. Photo. Floating dock project.
The current practice illustrates the lack of mechanical laboratory test results that would help assess engineering behavior of the FRP composite materials under axial loading, as well as the lack of SLT results and comparisons with dynamic experimental test results. The engineering applications of the FRP composite piles as bearing piles raise the following research and development (R&D) needs.
The engineering use of FRP bearing piles requires assessing their field performance, as well as developing and evaluating reliable testing procedures and design methods to assess:
To address these R&D needs and assess the feasibility of using FRP composite piles as vertical load-bearing piles, a full-scale experiment including dynamic and static load tests on FRP piles was conducted at a site provided by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey (PANY&NJ) at their Port of Elizabeth facility in New Jersey. Figure 7 shows the Port of Elizabeth demonstration site. The full-scale experiment was conducted with the cooperation and support of the PANY&NJ engineering department and the New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT).
Figure 7. Photo. Port of Elizabeth demonstration site.
The scope of this demonstration project included:
To select the piles for this demonstration project, a team of experts prepared a request for qualification and disseminated the request to composite piling manufacturers; these manufacturers were invited to submit their qualifications and products for consideration. The items in the request for qualifications were: contact information, general description of piling system, material properties, drivability, durability, creep, quality assurance/quality control, experience, field records, and specimens. The selected FRP composite piles consisted of recycled plastic reinforced by fiberglass rebar (SEAPILE composite marine piles), recycled plastic reinforced by steel bars, recycled plastic with no reinforcement rebar, recycled plastic with randomly distributed fiberglass fibers (Trimax), and concrete-filled plastic shell manufactured, respectively, by Se


You've been preparing for your small claims case for a while now. You have all of your bills, receipts, and other papers in order, and you've arranged for your witnesses to be at the trial. It's getting close to the time for the judge of a Missouri small claims court (or "people's court") to make a decision, and you're ready.
Now, instead of relaxing a bit and waiting, why not take some time to get an idea of what happens after the small claims trial is over. What can you do if you win? What if you lose? Whether you're the plaintiff (the person who filed the suit) or the defendant (the person who's being sued), you should know about some of your options.
At the end of the case, after he's seen all the evidence and has listed to each side's arguments, the judge will make a decision in the case, that is, decide who won. The decision is called a judgment. The judge may make the decision:
 - Immediately at the end of the case, and either give each party a copy of the judgment or send it to them in the mail. In Missouri, it's rare for a judge to make a decision immediately
 - After taking some time to think about the case and all of the evidence. This is called taking the case "under consideration" or "under advisement." The court clerk will mail a copy of the decision to each party later. This is very common in Missouri
Technically, the case is over when the judge makes a decision and the decision is entered into the court records by the court clerk. However, while the case may be over, you may still have some work to do, depending on whether either party thinks the judge made a mistake or whether the winner gets paid.
Not Happy about the Judgment?
Win or lose, you may have some options if you don't like the way the case turned out:
This is when you ask a higher court to look at the case because you think the judge made a mistake when he decided the case. In Missouri, either the plaintiff or the defendant may appeal. So, if you're the plaintiff and you won, the defendant may appeal; if you think the judge should have awarded you more money, then you may appeal. The appeal will be decided by the regular circuit court, and it will be a whole new trial of the entire case. And, either party may request a jury trial.
You have to file an appeal within 10 days after the judge decided the case. You do this by filing an Application for Trial de Novo, which is a sworn statement detailing why a judge or jury needs to hear the case. You also have to pay a fee when you file it, and sometimes other costs as well. The circuit court clerk can give you the forms you need to file an appeal as well as explain the current fees.
An appeal can be a complex matter. It's a lot more formal than the small claims trial, more stringent court rules apply, and the court clerk can't give you any help completing forms. It's a good idea to talk to an attorney if you're thinking about appealing.
Relief from Judgment
The plaintiff or the defendant can file a motion for relief from judgment or "motion for relief," which essentially asks the court for a new trial. This is commonly used when the defendant wants the judge to void or "vacate" a default judgment - a judgment for the plaintiff that was entered because the defendant failed to show up for trial. Another common example is when a plaintiff's case was dismissed because he didn't show up for trial. In the motion he'll ask the judge to vacate the dismissal so that he can continue the case against defendant.
To be successful on this type of motion, you need to "show cause," that is, have a good reason that justifies a new trial. Some examples of good cause include:
 - Showing that you were unable to attend the first trial because of an emergency, such as illness
 - You've discovered new evidence that wasn't available when the first trial took place
 - You actually paid the plaintiff's claim or damages before the trial, or the plaintiff released you from liability on the claim
Plaintiff Collects
If you're the plaintiff and you win the case, and the judge orders the defendant to pay all or some of your claim, you need to begin collection efforts if the defendant doesn't pay you as ordered in the judgment. This may include having to appear at one or more hearings and possibly even taking some of the defendant's property and belongings. This can be a long and complicated process that may require the help of an attorney. This all applies, too, if you're the defendant and you won on a counterclaim.
Questions for Your Attorney
 - I sued my former landlord and the judge ordered him to return $800 of my $1,200 security deposit. I think I should have gotten all of it. Should I appeal?
 - I won my small claims case and the defendant said he was going to appeal. Can I challenge or fight his request for an appeal? I don't think he has a good reason for the appeal.
 - Can I file a counterclaim against the plaintiff when I appeal judgment that was entered against me in small claims court?
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Hurlingham, Buenos Aires
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
28 de Septiembre
Hurlingham is located in Greater Buenos Aires
Location in Greater Buenos Aires
Coordinates: 34°35′18″S 58°38′21″W / 34.58833°S 58.63917°W / -34.58833; -58.63917Coordinates: 34°35′18″S 58°38′21″W / 34.58833°S 58.63917°W / -34.58833; -58.63917
Country Argentina
Province Buenos Aires province flag.png Buenos Aires
Partido Hurlingham
 - Intendant Luis Acuña
Elevation 26 m (85 ft)
Population (2010 census [INDEC])
 - Total 60,000
CPA Base B 1686
Area code(s) +54 11
Hurlingham (28 de Septiembre[1]) is an Argentine city, capital of the Hurlingham Partido in the province of Buenos Aires.[2] It is located in the western part of Greater Buenos Aires.
Hurlingham has a long history that spans nearly 140 years. Since its founding, various ethnic groups have contributed to its history including those of British, German, Italian and Spanish descent. The city began with the foundation of the Hurlingham Club, a sports and social club created by the local Anglo-Argentine community, in 1888.
In December 1994, the municipality was formally created by Provincial Law Number 11,610. The town, located in the central-east region of Buenos Aires Province, is known for its green spaces, (golf research INTA, and the nearby Camino del Buen Ayre. In addition, the town is also known for being the youngest in Buenos Aires Province.
Hurlingham is located in the Greater Buenos Aires area. It is about 20 km from Argentina's capital city - Buenos Aires. It is bordered by the towns of Villa Tesei, William C. Morris, Buenos Aires and Ituzaingó Partido.
Origin of name[edit]
The Hurlingham Club was founded in 1888 by the English community in the area, following the original Hurlingham Club, founded in Fulham (United Kingdom). According to the history of the Hurlingham Club, the name was inherited from Hurlingham House, home of the club's founder, originally built by Dr. William Cadogan in 1760.
The town has three rugby clubs: Curupaity, Hurling Club and El Retiro. All are associated with the Unión de Rugby de Buenos Aires. The Hurlingham Club is a centre for British sports, including cricket, golf and lawn tennis (having some of the very few grass courts in Latin America). The club is also home to polo and is one of the foremost clubs in Argentina and the world.
The city is the birthplace of some of the main rock bands of the country, such as Sumo, Divididos, Las Pelotas and Gangrena.
Notes and references[edit]
External links[edit]


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Date Added: Feb 2012
This paper proposes to put forward an innovative algorithm for symmetric key block cipher named as "Triple Prime Symmetric Key Block Cipher with Variable Key-Spaces (TPSKBCVK)" that employs triple prime integers as private key-spaces of varying lengths to encrypt data files. Principles of modular arithmetic have been elegantly used in the proposed idea of the cipher. Depending on observations of the results of implementation of the proposed cipher on a set of real data files of several types, all results are registered and analyzed. The strength of the underlying design of the cipher and the liberty of using a long key-space expectedly makes it reasonably non-susceptible against possible cryptanalytic intrusions.


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Rose Marie Pinon was a 19-year-old, well-educated, middle class girl when she married the 35-year-old Louis in 1814. In September 1817 she joined her husband on the Uranie disguised as a man until they left port. She was the first woman to complete an account of the three-year circumnavigation in a 'series of intimate letters which took the form of a diary'. Rose recorded life aboard ship, observations of the people and places they visited, scientific work of the expedition, relationships between men and women, and the work of artist Jacques Arago. She had a keen eye for detail and created vivid descriptions of the strange and exotic places they visited.
Rose and her 'diary' survived the dangers of the voyage and the shipwreck in the Falkland Islands. Her life was tragically cut short when she died of cholera in 1834, aged 38 years, after nursing Louis through the same illness.
It was not until 1927 that an account of her journey appeared in a French publication of her letters, with the first English translation in 1962.


A dog-leg is a sharp change in the orientation of a well bore due to shifting azimuth and/or inclination. Such shifts in a well orientation can make it difficult to run pipe and logging tools through an affected interval. Borehole images drawn from dog-leg sections are often degraded due to hole enlargement, tool marking of the wall and the effects of any stick and pull that may arise from the problem of threading a tool string around what is essentially a corner. Inspection of a well orientation survey will usually detail dog-leg severity, allowing its tie-in to image log quality.
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Croatian and Khasi Alphabets
Add ⊕
1 Alphabets
1.1 Alphabets in
1.2 Alphabets
Tamil Alphabets
Rank: 12 (Overall)
Rank: 5 (Overall)
Irish Alphabets
1.3 Phonology
1.3.1 How Many Vowels
Thai Alphabets
Rank: 2 (Overall)
Rank: 3 (Overall)
Hebrew Alphabets
1.3.2 How Many Consonants
Hmong Alphabets
Rank: 15 (Overall)
Rank: 4 (Overall)
German Alphabets
1.4 Scripts
Bengali, Latin
1.5 Writing Direction
Left-To-Right, Horizontal
Not Available
1.6 Hard to Learn
1.6.1 Language Levels
Armenian Alphab..
Rank: 2 (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Bengali Alphabets
1.6.2 Time Taken to Learn
Chinese Alphabe..
44 weeks
Rank: 11 (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cebuano Alphabets
Croatian vs Khasi Alphabets
Wondering about the number of letters in Croatian and Khasi alphabets? When you compare Croatian vs Khasi alphabets you will understand the number of alphabets in both the languages. Because lesser the number of alphabets, faster the language to learn, find all the Easiest Languages to Learn. Croatian and Khasi Alphabets are collection of symbols or letters used for writing. Croatian alphabets contain 30 letters and Khasi Alphabets contain 23 letters. The writing direction of Croatian is Left-To-Right, Horizontal whereas the writing direction of Khasi is Not Available. Croatian and Khasi Alphabets are the basics of Croatian and Khasi languages. Check the detailed comparison of Croatian and Khasi.
Croatian and Khasi Scripts
Compare Croatian and Khasi alphabets and find out scripts used by Croatian and Khasi language. Croatian and Khasi scripts are the methodology and rules for writing. Scripts used by Croatian and Khasi languages are Latin and Bengali, Latin respectively. After learning alphabets in Croatian and Khasi you can also learn useful Croatian greetings vs Khasi greetings.
Croatian Vowels vs Khasi Vowels
If you are comparing Croatian and Khasi alphabets then you need to find out Croatian vowels vs Khasi vowels too. The number of vowels and consonants in Croatian are 5 and 25 and number of vowels and consonants in Khasi are 6 and 14. Language codes are unique and are two or three letter codes assigned to each language. Check out all the language codes of Croatian and Khasi language codes.
Is Croatian Harder than Khasi?
Is Croatian harder than Khasi? No language is hard or easy to learn as it depends on individual interest and efforts for learning that language. When you decide to learn any language, you need to find out time required to learn that language and levels in that language. As mentioned above, while comparing Croatian and Khasi Alphabets the number of alphabets in any language decides hardness in learning that language.
It's important to know Croatian and Khasi alphabets because for learning these languages, alphabets are the starting point. The levels in Croatian language are 3. And time taken to learn Croatian language is 44 weeks. While there are no levels in Khasi language And time taken to learn Khasi language is Not Available.
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Communicating Effectively in the New Global Office
In Words Matter: Communicating Effectively in the New Global Office, co-authored with Professor Sirkka Jarvenpaa of the McCombs School of Business, Keating explains in accessible language why communications in virtual meetings between transnational partners can routinely break down, even when all parties are fluent English speakers. One study of corporate managers found that one out of five projects fail primarily because of ineffective transnational communication, resulting in losses in the millions of dollars.
Many people assume that if everyone speaks English (a common language of international collaborations), information will be shared seamlessly and without misunderstanding. But is that really true? Keating and Jarvenpaa show, based on their research on virtual teams on four continents, how contrary to common assumptions, language is never neutral. It is heavily influenced by the culture we grew up in, and our word choices can often result in unintended meanings when we communicate with people who grew up in different surroundings. The end result of misunderstanding is lost time, lost money, and even discord among those involved.
- Read an Interview with Keating about Words Matter on the CaMP Anthropology blog, and in an article by Céline Lauer, Welt am Sonntag: Wie Sie das „Zoom-Fatigue-Syndrom" vermeiden (How to Avoid the "Zoom Fatigue Syndrome")
- Read about Words Matter on NY tech blog AlleyWatch
- Read about Words Matter in "Can We Talk?" in the University of Texas Austin Liberal Arts Spring 2017 Magazine Life and Letters


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Pompanos are marine fishes in the Trachinotus genus of the Carangidae family (better known as "jacks"). Pompano may also refer to various other, similarly shaped members of Carangidae, or the order Perciformes. Their appearance is deep-bodied and mackerel-like, typically silver and toothless with a forked tail and narrow base. Of the 20 described species, most are valued as food. Some species are considered prize delicacies and game fish. A similar species is known as the permit, T. falcatus: two United States Navy submarines are named after it.
The Florida pompano, T. carolinus, reaches about 45 cm (18 in) and 1.5 kg (3.3 lb), while the permit reaches about 90 cm (35 in) and more than 14 kg (31 lb).


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Major Section: INTRODUCTION-TO-THE-THEOREM-PROVER
In the following paragraphs we give some links to advanced topics, marked with ''''. If you are reading this topic as part of the tutorial on the theorem prover, do not follow these links upon your first reading. Just take note of the existence of the facilities and ideas mentioned.
Arithmetic: If your goal theorem involves even trivial arithmetic,
such as adding or subtracting
1, we recommend that you do
(include-book "arithmetic/top-with-meta" :dir :system)which loads into ACL2 all the rules in one of the books distributed with ACL2. (Books are certified files of definitions, lemmas, etc., usually prepared by other ACL2 users and explicitly shared with the community.) The book "top-with-meta" is the most elementary and most widely used arithmetic book. Others that come with the ACL2 distribution include "arithmetic-5/top" and various hardware and floating-point arithmetic books.
Rules Concluding with Arithmetic Inequalities: If you are tempted to create a rewrite rule with an arithmetic inequality as its conclusion or left-hand side, think again. Inequalities such as
(<= (len (delete e x)) (len x))make poor left-hand sides for rewrite rules. For example, the inequality above does not match the target
(<= (LEN (DELETE E X)) (+ 1 (LEN X)))even though it is sufficient to prove the target (given some simple arithmetic). We recommend that if you have a theorem that establishes an arithmetic inequality, you make it a linear rule. See linear.
Rearranging Formulas Before Making Rules: It is possible to rearrange
the propositional structure of a proved formula before processing it as a
rule. This allows you to state a theorem one way ''for publication'' and
rearrange it to be stored as a more effective rule.
See introduction-to-the-database (a tutorial topic you'll come to later) and
its discussion of the concept of
corollary. Also, see the discussion of
Rewriting with New Equivalence Relations: You may introduce new equivalence relations, like ''set-equal'' or ''is-a-permutation'' and cause the rewriter to replace equivalents by equivalents in suitable contexts, where you use congruence rules to inform ACL2 of where these more relaxed notions of equivalence may be used; see equivalence and see congruence.
Pragmatic Advice to Control Rules: You may attach various pragmas
to a rule that allow you rather fine heuristic control over whether and how the
rule is applied. For example, you may mark a hypothesis to be
forced (see force ) meaning that the rule is to be applied even if that
hypothesis is not relieved -- but if the proof is successful the system will
turn its attention to all forced subgoals. You may similarly mark a
hypothesis so as to cause a case split, allowing the relief of the
hypothesis on one branch and spawning another branch explicitly denying the
hypothesis; see case-split. You may add a bogus hypothesis that looks at
the intended application of the rule and decides whether to apply the rule
or not, performing an arbitrary computation on the syntactic context of the
application; see syntaxp. By providing a
:match-free modifier to the
:rewrite rule declaration in your rule-classes, you may tell ACL2 to try all
or only the first free variable value it guesses (see rule-classes
). You may provide a bogus hypothesis that computes from the
syntactic environment the values to guess for the free variables in a rule;
see bind-free. You may mark a term so that the rewriter does not
dive into it; see hide.
Programming Your Own Rewriter: If you cannot find a way to use rewrite rules to make the transformations you desire, you might investigate the use of metafunctions. A metafunction is just a little theorem prover of your own design. It takes as input a list structure representing a term and returns a list structure representing a term. If you can prove that the meaning of the input and output terms are equivalent, you can extend the ACL2 simplifier to call your metafunction. See meta.
The Order in which Targets are Rewritten:
The rewriter sweeps through terms ''inside-out'' otherwise known as
''left-most innermost first''. Thus, before trying to apply rewrite
(f a1... an
), rules are applied to the ai.
This has the good effect of normalizing the ai.
This fact might help you understand why sometimes your rules ''don't
seem to fire.'' For example, suppose you have a rule for rewriting
(len (rev x)) to
(len x) and suppose you wish to prove a theorem
(LEN (REV (CONS A B))). Suppose
rev is defined in terms of
append, as shown in programming-knowledge-taken-for-granted. Then
you might see a checkpoint in which the
(LEN (REV...)) above has been
(LEN (APPEND (REV B) (LIST A))) instead of to
(LEN (CONS A B)). Why wasn't your rule about
(len (rev x)) applied?
The reason is that
(REV (CONS A B)) rewrote to
(APPEND (REV B) (LIST A))
before rules were applied to
(LEN (REV...)). You need a rule about
(len (append x y)), as you will see from the checkpoint.
The Order in which Rules are Tried: The rewriter tries the most
recently proved rules first. For example, suppose
are functions defined so that the following two theorems are provable and
suppose you executed the following two events in the order shown:
(defthm rule1 (equal (f (g x)) (h 1 x))) (defthm rule2 (equal (f (g x)) (h 2 X)))Then if rewrite rules are applied to
(F (G A)), the result will be
(H 2 A), because the latter rule,
rule2, is applied first. It is generally best not to have conflicting rules or, at least, to understand how such conflicts are resolved. The system will warn you when you propose a rule that conflicts with an existing one.
If you were reading this topic as part of the tutorial introduction to the theorem prover, use your browser's Back Button now to return to introduction-to-rewrite-rules-part-2.


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I've written on this website about trees before, they permeate the arts throughout history. There were trees in early cave paintings, and they appear in art traditions around the world. And they aren't just background images, trees and plant are often characters in themselves. Trees have taken leading roles in myth and folklore. They inspire strength, resilience, wonder, and can even teach us about human relationships. (Above, illustration by Arthur Rackham who specialized in trees.)
Author Richard Powers has expanded the mythology of trees by incorporating them into his novel The Overstory, which has won praise from both readers and scientists. In the following interview, appropriately conducted beneath a towering oak, he explains how his book was inspired by nature.
In one particular quote, Powers says, "This book is about taking the non-human seriously. It's about realizing that we are not alone on this earth, and the rest of creation is not there simply to be a resource to us."
* * *
For the younger crowd, Julie-Anne Fountain's middle grade novel The Curse Of The Nightshade: The Kingdom Of Plants Book One, is a fantasy where plants take center stage. In a hidden world known as The Kingdom of Plants, young Laurel discovers she comes from a long line of seedmages, who can control plants using magic. As she searches for her kidnapped mother and battles deadly Nightshades (half-human half-plant), she learns to harness her powers and gain confidence.
The book is full of botanical references, and the Latin names of plants are used to cast spells. Seeds are a powerful source of magic, and can be made to grow into nearly any shape while keeping the properties of the original plant. The city in this fantasy world is also built from plants, with towering trees that form ascending layers that hold streets and buildings. It's a world that any plant-lover would want to step into.
Facts about trees and seeds are scattered throughout the book, without slowing down the story. This volume will inspire many a young reader to learn more about the natural world of plants around us.
* * *
I've neglected this blog a bit lately, to work on other projects, but I hope to still update it once in a while with interesting examples of nature in art. You can also check out my personal website to learn more about my own stories and art.


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The size and type of prey taken by adult rainbow bee-eaters in the south-west of Australia
*Subscription may be required
Bee-eaters are known to '… have an astonishingly narrow spectrum of [prey] preference, in effect, for most of them, only honeybees and social wasps' (Fry 1984). Their predilection for honeybees (Apis spp.) has, in fact, led to conflict with apiarists (Lamothe 1979). However, they also are known to be opportunistic, exploiting transient foods (Fry 1984). The Rainbow Bee-eater Merops ornatus is no exception to these generalisations: Lea & Grey (1935) found hymenopteran remains in all the gizzards of 11 adult Rainbow Beeeaters they examined; Serventy & Whittell (1976) reported that hymenopterans comprised 63% of the 2753 head capsules retrieved from a single nest chamber excavated near Perth; and Calver et al. (1987) found that 95% of prey recovered from nest chambers on Rottnest Island, Western Australia, were hymenopterans. However, Rainbow Bee-eaters also have been observed feeding opportunistically on butterflies (Draffan et al. 1983), while Fry (1984) reported personal communications stating that moths, large flies, dragonflies and damselflies (odonatans) are fed to nestlings and that odonatans are the principal food for the young in Victoria. Barker & Vestjens (1989) also listed a wide range of arthropods and a single amphibian identified in the oesophagus or gizzard of Rainbow Bee-eaters but did not indicate the relative proportions of prey taken. Less is known of the preferred size range of prey for bee-eaters. Estimations have been made of the size of prey fed to nestlings (e.g. Hegner 1982 (Merops bullockoides), Krebs & Avery 1984 (Merops apiaster)), and Calver et al. (1987) determined the size of prey fed to nestling Rainbow Bee-eaters from measurements of prey remains. Helbig (1982, cited in Fry 1984) claimed that bee-eaters select prey of particular sizes and types, but we have been unable to locate data on the size of prey taken by adult Rainbow Bee-eaters in Australia. This paper reports data on the size of prey recovered from pellets regurgitated by adult Rainbow Bee-eaters at two widely separated sites in the south of Western Australia.
|Publication Type:||Journal Article|
|Murdoch Affiliation:||School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology|
|Copyright:||(c) Birds Australia|
|Item Control Page|


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Carmel Mountain Preserve, a 400-acre mesa top, is truly one of San Diego County's remaining natural wonders.
When you hike its several miles of trails, you will be treated not only to ocean views, but to a landscape truly unlike any other. On its flat mesa top, there are huge patches of a hard gray moss, called ashy spike moss, that actually have an interesting purpose.
You'll also come upon puddles of water that settle in the mesa's depressions, which are actually vernal pools — an amazing environment that hosts species found nowhere else.
The Chaparral Lands Conservancy has called it "a special Noah's Ark of nature surrounded by suburban development."
Every type of vegetation found on Carmel Mountain is "unique and imperiled," it says. Its habitats — Southern maritime chaparral, coastal sage scrub, wet meadows and vernal pools — support more than two dozen rare species, some of which have been listed as federally endangered.
Southern maritime chaparral is a habitat that occurs only on weathered sandstone formations that lie within the coastal fog belt, and exists only in San Diego County from La Jolla to Carlsbad.
"Only about 15 percent of Southern maritime chaparral that historically occurred in San Diego and Orange counties remains, and most of this is located on Carmel Mountain, in Torrey Pines State Park and in Carlsbad and Encinitas," said Rick Halsey of the California Chaparral Institute.
Characteristic species of this habitat include chamise, white coast ceanothus — a wild lilac that can grow into huge specimens here — and mission manzanita. Endangered species — found only in San Diego and Orange counties — include white-flowering Del Mar manzanita and Orcutt's spineflower. Threatened species include the yellow-flowering big-leaved crown-beard and shrubby Encinitas baccharis.
The vernal pools, though, are even more precious. Rarely more than 6 inches deep, the pools fill with water only after rainfall and rarely remain filled longer than 45 days at a time. When dry, they simply appear to be lifeless bare spots in chaparral or coastal sage scrub. Half of the plant species growing in California's remaining vernal pools are found nowhere else on the planet.
"Because of their homely appearance, they provide an excellent example of how the importance of becoming familiar with native habitats and efforts to preserve them can violently collide with the desire to develop property by individuals unfamiliar with their value," Halsey said.
Indeed, the Carmel Mountain Preserve was dedicated in 1999 after being saved from development by a coalition spearheaded by the Carmel Mountain Conservancy.
Some 97 percent of San Diego's vernal pools, which once covered some 28,500 acres in the county, have been destroyed, and that naturally includes its rare species. Vernal pools, however, do also exist in northwest Baja.
Both plants and animals of vernal pools must be able to withstand weeks of winter rains and summer drought. Animals that live here include spadefoot toads and their favorite food, the San Diego fairy shrimp.
Living next to the vernal pools is the short-leaved dudleya, a tiny succulent that lives in only five places in the world, all in Del Mar and La Jolla, according to the Chaparral Lands Conservancy. When not in bloom, it looks like the marble-like iron pebbles that are also unique to North County coastal mesas, which helps it avoid being eaten by rabbits and rodents. When it blooms — more rainfall brings more blooms — tiny white and yellow flowers burst open. That ashy spike moss helps them thrive by preventing invasion of weeds and gophers, according to a placard on the trails.


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Benefits of XQuery
The principal benefits of XQuery are:
- Expressiveness - XQuery can query many different data structures and its recursive nature makes it ideal for querying tree and graph structures
- Brevity - XQuery statements are shorter than similar SQL or XSLT programs
- Flexibility - XQuery can query both hierarchical and tabular data
- Consistency - XQuery has a consistent syntax and can be used with other XML standards such as XML Schema datatypes
XQuery is frequently compared with two other languages, SQL and XSLT, but has a number of advantages over these.
Advantages over SQL
Unlike SQL, XQuery returns not just tables but arbitrary tree structures. This allows XQuery to directly create XHTML structures that can be used in web pages. XQuery is for XML-based object databases, and object databases are much more flexible and powerful than databases which store in purely tabular format.
Unlike XSLT, XQuery can be learned by anyone familiar with SQL. Many of the constructs are very similar such as:
- Ordering Results: Both XQuery and SQL add an
order byclause to the query.
- Selecting Distinct Values: Both XQuery and SQL have easy ways to select distinct values from a result set
- Restricting Rows: Both XQuery and SQL have a WHERE X=Y clause that can be added to an XQuery
Another big advantage is that XQuery is essentially the native query language of the World Wide Web. One can query actual web pages with XQuery, but not SQL. Even if one uses SQL-based databases to store HTML/XHTML pages or fragments of such pages, one will miss many of the advantages of XQuery's simple tag/attribute search (which is akin to searching for column names within column names).
Advantages over XSLT
Unlike XSLT, XQuery can be quickly learned by anyone familiar with SQL. XSLT has many patterns that are unfamiliar to many procedural software developers. Also, whereas XSLT is good for using as a static means to convert one type of document to another, for example RSS to HTML, XQuery is a much more dynamic querying tool, useful for pulling out sections of data from large documents and/or large number of documents.
The Debate about XQuery vs. XSLT for Document Transformation
There has been a debate of sorts about the merits of the two languages for transforming XML: XSLT and XQuery. A common misconception is that "XQuery is best for querying or selecting XML, and XSLT is best for transforming it." In reality, both methods are capable of transforming XML. Despite XSLT's longer history and larger install base, the "XQuery typeswitch" method of transforming XML provides numerous advantages.
Most people who need to transform XML hear that they need to learn a language called XSLT. XSLT, whose first version was published by the W3C in 1999, was a huge innovation for its time and, indeed, remains dominant. It was one of the very first languages dedicated to transforming XML documents, and it was the first domain-specific language (DSL) to use advanced theories from the world of functional programming to create very reliable, side-effect free transformations. Many XML developers still feel strong indebted to this groundbreaking language, since it helped them see a new model of software development: one focused around the transformation of models and empowering them to fuse both the requirements and documentation of a transformation routing into a single, modular program.
On the other hand, learning XSLT requires overcoming a very substantial learning curve. XSLT's difficulty is due, in part, to one of the key design decisions by its architects: to express the transformation rules using XML itself, rather than creating a brand new syntax and grammar for storing the transformation rules. XSLT's unique approach to transformation rules also contributes to the steepness of the learning curve. The learning curve can be overcome, but it is fair to say that this learning curve has created a opening for an alternative approach.
XQuery has filled this demand for an alternative among a growing community of users: they find XQuery has a lower learning curve, it meets their needs for transforming XML, and, together with XQuery's other advantages, it has become a compelling "all-in-one" language. Like XSLT, XQuery was created by the W3C to handle XML. But instead of expressing the language in XML syntax, the architects of XQuery chose a new syntax that would be more familiar to users of server-side scripting languages such as PHP, Perl, or Python. XQuery was designed to be similar to users of relational database query languages such as SQL, while still remaining true to functional programming practices. Despite its relative youth (XQuery 1.0 was only released in 2007 when XSLT had already reached its version 2.0), XQuery was born remarkably mature. XML servers like eXist-db and MarkLogic were already using XQuery as their language for querying XML and performing web server operations (obviating the need for learning PHP, Perl, or Python).
So, in the face of the XSLT community's contention that "XSLT is best for transforming documents and XQuery is best for querying databases", this community of users was surprised to find that XQuery has entirely replaced their need for XSLT. They have come to argue unabashedly that they prefer XQuery for this purpose.
How does XQuery accomplish the task of transforming XML? The primary technique in XQuery for transforming XML is a little-known expression added by the authors of XQuery, called "typeswitch." Although it is quite simple, typeswitch enables XQuery to perform nearly the full set of transformations that XSLT does. A typeswitch expression quickly looks at a node's type, and depending on the node's type, performs the operation you specify for that type of node. What this means is that each distinct element of a document can have its own rule, and these rules can be stored in modular XQuery functions. This humble addition to the XQuery language allows developers to transform documents with complex content and unpredictable order - something commonly believed to be best reserved for the domain of XSLT. Despite the differences in syntax and approach to transformation, a growing community has actually come to see the XQuery typeswitch expression as a valid, even superior, way to store their document transformation logic.
By structuring a set of XQuery functions around the typeswitch expression, you can achieve the same result as XSLT-style transforms while retaining the benefits of XQuery: ease of learning and integration with native XML databases. Even more important for those users of native XML databases, the availability of typeswitch means that they only need to learn a single language for their database queries, web server operations, and document transformations. These XQuery typeswitch routines have proved easy to build, test, and maintain - some believe easier than XSLT. XQuery typeswitch has given these users a high degree of agility, allowing them to master XQuery fully rather than splitting their time and attention between XQuery and XSLT.
That said, there is still a large body of legacy XSLT transforms that work well, and there are XSLT developers who see little benefit from transitioning to a typeswitch-style XQuery. Both are valid approaches to document transformation. A natural tension has arisen between the proponents of XQuery typeswitch and XSLT, each promoting what they are most comfortable with and believe to be superior. In practice you might be best served by trying both techniques and determining what style is right for you and your organization. Without presuming a background or interest in XSLT, this article and its companion article help you to understand the key patterns for using XQuery typeswitch for your XML transformation needs.


What's the stop?
We've chosen our next destination!
Booker is super excited about where we're headed. But we want to keep you guessing where it might be. So here are a few clues.
 1. It's often known as "The Pearl of the Indian Ocean".
 2. We're going to be eating locally grown cinnamon and coconuts.
 3. The place has eight UNESCO World Heritage Sites, over 24 wildlife reserves, and 350 waterfalls.
 4. Its culture is over 2,500 years old.
Why not tweet us/facebook if you think you've sussed it.
Leave a reply


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, the choice of content, and the teaching techniques employed. The choice of syllabus is something which should follow all these, not precede. Whether we choose a notional syllabus, a situational syllabus, an interactional syllabus, or a grammatical syllabus, depends upon the assumptions we have made about the goals, the learners, and the teachers: there is no single right solution.
This talk was a 'promotion' for the series English for Life published by Pergamon Press. Some of the points in it have been developed at greater length elsewhere namely in:
Cook, V. 1982. "Structure drills and the language learner", in: Canadian Modern Language Review, 38.
Cook, V. (to appear, 1983) "What should language courses be about?" in: English Language Teaching Journal.


Observational constraints indicate risk of drying in the Amazon basin
Hideo Shiogama, Seita Emori, Naota Hanasaki, Manabu Abe, Yuji Masutomi, Kiyoshi Takahashi, Toru Nozawa
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
43 Citations (Scopus)
Climate warming due to human activities will be accompanied by hydrological cycle changes. Economies, societies and ecosystems in South America are vulnerable to such water resource changes. Hence, water resource impact assessments for South America, and corresponding adaptation and mitigation policies, have attracted increased attention. However, substantial uncertainties remain in the current water resource assessments that are based on multiple coupled Atmosphere Ocean General Circulation models. This uncertainty varies from significant wetting to catastrophic drying. By applying a statistical method, we characterized the uncertainty and identified global-scale metrics for measuring the reliability of water resource assessments in South America. Here, we show that, although the ensemble mean assessment suggested wetting across most of South America, the observational constraints indicate a higher probability of drying in the Amazon basin. Thus, over-reliance on the consensus of models can lead to inappropriate decision making.
Original languageEnglish
Article number253
JournalNature communications
Issue number1
Publication statusPublished - 2011
Externally publishedYes
ASJC Scopus subject areas
 - Chemistry(all)
 - Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all)
 - Physics and Astronomy(all)
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aked up once. It will go to any length to vindicate its honor at such a time."
❖ ❖ ❖
Conor Cunneen is also author
What Mark Twain Learned Me 'bout Public Speakin'
"When I say I'll learn ('Teach' is not in the river vocabulary) a man the river, I mean it. And you can depend on it, I'll learn him or kill him." Life on the Mississippi – Mark Twain
Utilizing a unique and memorable MARK TWAIN acronym, author Conor Cunneen demonstrates what the Dean of American Humorists learned him bout public speakin!
MARK ——– BEFORE you go on stage
Message preparation
Audience research and knowledge
Relate to audience
Know your objective
Titter and humor wins the audience
Wait – The power of the Pause
Anecdotes connect
Involve, Inform, Inspire your audience
Narration and stagecraft.
BUY: What Mark Twain Learned Me 'bout Public Speakin'


's Due has as a minor character Kaarja Salombar the Corsair Queen. She's variously described as "… beautiful, with palm skin and warm almond shaped eyes of striking violet… there were some who said there was Eldar blood in her veins" and "… more than a hint of inhuman Eldar to her lithe frame, and a wild mane of azure hair flowing around her shoulders". She also bags at least a trio of Ultramarines and nearly slays Cato Sicarius before getting piked by the Ultramarines 2nd Company standard, which should make her a bit of a hero to the various Ward haters. It also makes clear she is no Eldar, as GW would never allow one of their big named Space Marines, to nearly get beaten by an Eldar, nor would they ever show an Eldar being such a successful fighter.
Eldar conception occurs over an extended period of time and requires additional genetic material from the partner or partners at preordained stages throughout gestation (there is no chance of a baby from a one night-stand).
It has long been stated by many a fa/tg/uy that the Tau are Japs in space while the Eldar are Space Chinese in that they had a more established civilization as old as the beginning of history itself, with a fucking complicated language and philosophy. Some history/culturefags strongly dispute this assertion as being simplistic and inaccurate, as the Chinese language is marked by relatively light grammar and high syllable-information density, as well as one unified set of logographic symbols (that mostly have one pronunciation). Japanese has low syllable-information density and has a sophisticated agglutinative grammar structure, like Korean, and also possesses two syllable-alphabets in addition to utilizing Chinese characters (often with multiple readings). To add to the language debate, Only War describes the Eldar tongue as 'tonal', something that is a prominent feature in the Chinese language, and is not present in Japanese. So if FFG are to be trusted, the Eldar speak a language more similar to Chinese than Japanese. Just don't ask why the Eldar religion is sorta Hindu (India) and the Tau religion is sorta Buddhist, the only difference between East and Southeast where you haven't been and where you'll never go.
Eldrad proposed the idea of allying with the Imperium of Man to finally defeat Chaos once and for all. Even if the other Eldar weren't exactly thrilled by the idea of becoming best buddies with the Imperium, they still reluctantly agreed that they are still the best of a bad bunch, what with the other options being either the Orks or Tau. Said races were either too "young" (translated as "too naive and inexperienced to truly face the forces of Chaos"), primarily in the latter case, or simply too uncooperative and uncouth to be allied with (meaning that manipulating them from the shadows would prove more fruitful). And so Yvraine traveled to Macragge in order to provide the Imperium with a leader that could pull the shit show together and actually make it a worthwhile alliance (read: hasn't experienced ten thousand years of being backstabbed and status quo by Eldar and so is unlikely to purge them at the drop of a hat), culminating in the resurrection of Roboute Guilliman. Thus the old "defenders of the status quo" proceeded to set the wheels of story advancement in motion, at the risk of further reducing themselves to nothing but a group of proxies for the Imperium. Extra lulz when you remember the Imperium is not inexperienced in manipulating or out-dicking the Eldar, so the spelves were close to being Imperial puppets anyway. gether, which finally allows the story to advance.
As the story continues to move forward could we see the return of a small Eldar Pantheon? With the confirmation that there will be at least four daemon Primarchs for Chaos and at least four returning Loyalists Primarchs it would make sense from a balance perspective to have four different Avatars to counter. Of course, this would not be a true counter; as powerful as they may be, Avatars are just not as powerful as a Primarch, and although they stand a chance of defeating one, it is still very unlikely. The Avatars at present represent a shattered god and a god that has yet to be fully awakened, so it is not unsurprising that they are not as powerful as they would be if the gods that they represented were fully whole and awake. However seeing as Avatars have the unlimited re-spawn cheat, defeating one means absolutely nothing as they can simple rematerialize after a given time and continue to fight, which is something a Primarch can't do… except for Vulkan. However, strategically it matters as in the time before it can be resummoned you can take an advantage of its absence. On the other hand, clap your hands if you believe combined with a Primarch's strength of will…ehhh, he might be able to put one down for good. Also, the Death Specters Chapter's final test to become Astartes is to die and will themselves back to life. A Primarch most definitely could do that if a mere Space Marine can.
The relationship between humanity and the Eldar is complicated to say the least, varying dependent on sector, the local culture (of both parties), the specific needs of each side at the time of contact, and (at least partially) undisclosed fluff concerning human-Eldar relationships during the Dark Age of Technology.
Due to the variability of these factors, the Eldar are one of the only races for whom there's no consistent pattern of relationship with the Imperium; they can be hated enemies and invaders, desperate allies against a greater foe, marauding pirates, begrudgingly necessary trading allies, and everything in-between. For every Imperial world sacrificed to save the lives of a handful of Eldar, for every grand scheme orchestrated to dick over the Mon-Keigh and put them in their place, another world is saved by their timely intervention or an Inquisitor made aware of the existence of a terrible threat by their warning. Where the Blood Ravens go to war with them at one time, at another the Grey Knights return the salvaged spirit stones of Malan'tai to Iyanden and lay the Craftworld to rest by way of a solar viking funeral.
During the Great Crusade the official policy of the Imperium, as mandated by the Emperor, was to kill Eldar, and individual attempts to contact them by Primarchs such as Fulgrim were protested by their men as breaches of Imperial policy. This could be seen as a (very warped and twisted) justified course of action during this time given the numerous human worlds ravished throughout and after the Age of Strife. Although there are no actual records of any Eldar being involved in these actions there was still Eldar radicals, who during the twilight centuries of their empire sort out conflicts among the primitives, as a form of entertainment; then there's also the proto-Dark Eldar who were already doing what they do so well, so there is a lot of room to play with; also potentially the first appearance's of something similar to the Corsairs, formed from those seeking out a more thrilling form of entertainment (ultimately these potential incidents are down to the actions of individuals, not the Eldar dominion itself). The Craftworlds themselves, although they would have no need to come into conflict with humanity over resources, as they are completely self sufficient, may have come into contact with the expanding human realms during their exodus; these interactions may have been humanity primary source on contact with the Eldar species. What ever actually happened during the Age of Strife, whenever they encountered each other during the Heresy and beyond the inevitable always happens, such as the time when the Salamanders, Iron Hands and Death Guard sought to rescue the enslaved human population of an Exodite World. It turns out that the Exodites had rescued and sheltered the human population from raids by their Dark kin. After realising their mistake did the Imperials seek out a possible peacefunope, instead they slaughtered the human population, seeing them as having been corrupted by their xenos companions and turned the world to ash. Lorgar also encountered a fledgling Craftwold during the Great crusade, he was invited aboard as a guest where they discussed, among many other things, the nature of the warp and it's dangers. Lorgar and his legion then thanked them by killing them all and reduced their home to rubble. Which is unsurprising given how "my thinking is bestest" Lorgar was/is. Then again, one must remember that the Humanity was recovering from a horrid period of downfall, where they found themselves assaulted by both aliens and humans alike. The realms of Humanity consumed themselves, and due to the horrors humanity experienced during this time humanity become something far less them what they had been. The result of such dickish behaviour, whether it be inflicted by others or entirely self inflicted, was the roots for mankind becoming outright genocidal towards everything nonhuman. We are not saying that it was right or wrong, just that it was natural, due to situation at time.
'You wish to be free of the influence of my kind, You see the armour as a gaoler holding you hostage to our whims. Know this – the fates of humanity and aeldari are bound together. Either both species will survive, or neither will. Your Emperor understands this. There are greater enemies than the primordial annihilator. In the times to come, you will see. The struggle is only beginning. The old war returns. Remember this conversation, and reconsider carefully, on the day realisation


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Victorian-Era Pressed Flowers Help Ecologists Study Climate Change
Here's an extremely cool tidbit of environmental news. Ecologists are studying collections of pressed plants from Victorian England to learn more about climate change. The early spider orchids from Southern England are in collections with notes showing the exact day in spring when they were picked, dating from 1848 to1958. Ecologists are comparing those with dates when the same flower blossomed in the wild from 1975 to 2006.
After cross-checking their research with local temperature records, they wrote the following in the Journal of Ecology: "Warmer years were associated with earlier flowering... In both cases flowering was advanced by about six days per 1 degree Celsius (1.8 Fahrenheit) rise in average spring temperature."
Read the details at Yahoo Green News. Just try not to cringe while reading some of the baseless "GLOBAL WARMING IS A HOAX!" comments on the bottom. ;-)


August Book Review: 'The Mercies' by Kiran Millwood Hargrave
Aug 11, 2020
"The Mercies," 2020, Paperback
Credit Little, Brown and Company
Great historical fiction combines engrossing entertainment with fresh details of places, times, and people different from our own. The best historical fiction does that and makes it relevant and meaningful today.
How do people in power use their office to control citizens? Kiran Millwood Hargrave's historical fiction of Norway four hundred years ago feels surprisingly timely.
In 1617, a freak storm killed virtually all the men on a tiny fishing island off the northern coast of Norway, leaving only very young boys and men too old to fish. At that time, King Christian fell under the witch-hunting mania then rampant in Europe, the UK and the American colonies. In her first adult novel, Hargrave explores the aftermath of that storm and the witch-hunt that ensued.
The Mercies is rich in the fine-grain detail of life in 1617 both in a remote island at the Arctic Circle and in the bustling Norwegian town of Bergen. Maren Bergensdatter was raised on Vardo and lost her father, her brother and her fiancé to the freak storm. Her daily struggle to survive was a challenge even before the island lost virtually all its men. At a time when women were forbidden to take the boats out, the tiny population was at risk of starvation.
Ursa Cornett was raised in Bergen by an aristocratic sea merchant. She comes of age just as the family finances are declining and is married off to an up and coming church leader on his way to Vardo to take control of the village and root out witchcraft on behalf of King Christian.
When Ursa's new husband begins his search for witchcraft among the Vardo women, the events grow darker and much more disturbing. He begins a list of anyone on the island who fails to attend church. He divides the tiny, struggling population by encouraging them to spy on each other, reporting to him any evidence of non-Christian worship, no matter how benign. The story is unblinking in recounting the cruelty imposed on the island's women. The special hell reserved for the ethnic Laplanders is particularly cruel. Those accused of witchcraft face judge, jury, and executioner in one man. The only opportunity to show innocence is by sinking when thrown in the Arctic Sea.
The Mercies, by Kiran Hargrave, is an engaging story from history that will resonate with today's headlines about the abuse of authority in the pursuit of control. The Mercies is available at your local libraries today.


Public pensions not ready to retire
Public pension systems like New York's are under fire from those who say defined benefit programs are unaffordable relics of the past. But Beth Almeida of The National Institute on Retirement Security writes that they're actually a good deal for everyone.
Categories: Pensions/Retirement
Jay Jochnowitz
2 Responses
 1. JG says:
 Good article that makes plenty of sense, and save some cents and dollars as well.
 2. Mao Tse Browne says:
 The best approach is for the State of NY to rid itself of as much of the public pension debt as possible. One way would be for the Legislature to pass a law that would allow each government unit to "buy out" both retirees and present workers, by offering them a cash settlement, in exchange for their pension. The individual could then reinvest that money in an IRA, etc..
 The value of each pension would be determined actuarially and then the individual would receive a percentage of the actuarial value (50 cents on the dollar, for example). The first phase would be voluntary, but over time, the offer would get less and less generous, until it was mandatory.


Illegal Mahogany Logging Endangers Uncontacted Tribe in Peru
Indigenous people and trees are in peril due to illegally-logged mahogany destined for the floors and high-end furniture of American homes. Loggers are operating in the supposedly protected lands of uncontacted tribes deep in the Peruvian Amazon. A new report details how illegal mahogany loggers are flouting international law and endangering the livelihood and health of tribes that have little resistance to any diseases that may be brought by outsiders. Mahogany is an endangered tree protected by international law; 80% of Peru's mahogany exports go to the United States.
The Upper Amazon Conservancy states that until the US government takes a strong stand and rejects questionably-sourced Peruvian mahogany, trees and the tribes are at risk of disappearing. Loggers forced contact with the Murunuhua tribe in 1996; over 50% of them died in the ensuing years, mostly from respiratory infections. This video shows a tribe member who survived first contact:
The NGO Survival International estimates that there are 15 uncontacted tribes left in isolated areas of the Peruvian rainforest.
In March 2010 at an international meeting of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES), Peru was given six months to enact legislation to address the illegal mahogany trade. Repeated attempts to stem the flow to protect both the species and the indigenous people have failed and abuses are rampant. In June, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton greeted Peruvian President Garcia, saying, "The United States and Peru are working together to protect the environment, to move toward more sources of renewable independent energy to fuel the economy here in Peru." Let us hope that we do not put a short-sighted quest for economic progress ahead of the protection of endangered trees and endangered tribes.
Take Action
Write your congressman, member of Parliament or other government representative, or the President of Peru, urging protection of uncontacted tribes and of their lands. A sample letter can be found here:
Photo: Recently-contacted Murunuhua tribe member, Peru.
 (c) Chris Fagan, Upper Amazon Conservancy via Survival International
Used with permission.
Love This? Never Miss Another Story.
John S.
Past Member 4 years ago
Have a copy of the letter that I will print and mail today, thanks.
Milian Maldonado
Milian Correa5 years ago
What a shame that those we trust to protect the people are the ones doing the most harm. Why can't those who respect and are trying to protect our planet be left in peace. The country is run by greed and stupidity.
Jewels S.
Jewels S.5 years ago
It is hard to stay hopeful while learning what greed is doing to our world. But education about this problem is the first step towards stopping it. I will spread the word to all I know.
Jonathan Y.
Jonathan Y.5 years ago
Just great, another place where people live peacefully, minding their own business, in balance with the planet, and a giant corporation comes in to destroy their lives.
Pauline Cousins
Pauline Cousins5 years ago
The majority are supposed to protect the minority, whats gone wrong. There are many endangered species and tribes out there, why should mans greed be allowed to put them at further risk.
Pat J.
Pat J.5 years ago
God it is frightening to think of what men do in the name of greed. The way we are going we wont have a planet left just a desert with no oxygen to breathe, We need the rainforest to survive. Why is there such ignorance in the world?????
Nellie K A.
Nellie K. Adaba5 years ago
That is not good. Modern people don't know how to take care of nature and the environment. Everyone must go back to their more early and primitive to be in tune and in harmony with nature, save the planet and the world...
Deb L.
debbie Lewis5 years ago
Endangered things are supposed to be protected.
Lois K.
Lois K.5 years ago
It is not only animals that are endangered, but humans, as well. Hundreds of tribes have become extinct, and many more are in danger of doing so, because of logging, mining, and ranching that result in their homeland being destroyed.
Rudolf Affolter
Past Member 5 years ago
All the wealth in the world and more will not be enough John.


Weekly Fun Facts: 5 things you should know about Sakura
March is here which means, it's time for the much awaited cherry blossom season a.k.a the Sakura season! You must have seen breathtaking pictures of this season before, so here are some additional things you should know about Sakura!
1. Sakura belongs to a big family!
Sakura has over 600 species in Japan. There are endemic and hybrid species. Sakura goes through constant transformation in petals, size, color or fruit. This transformation is the reason behind hybrid species.
"Sakura petals falling from the trees, creating a "flower petal carpet" that makes the entire garden look white"
2. Take good care of it or it will rot.
Sakura rots very easily. If there are cuts on bark or roots, this beauty starts to decay. Once the decaying starts, its spreads to the whole tree and it dies. Special attention is needed while covering the tree during Hanami. If you want to keep them, look for those freshly-fallen petals. Plucking from the tree itself is not recommended, as it might destroy the tree
Sakura youcojapan
"Sakura is very fragile. Its petals fall off the tree easily. All it takes is rain or gentle wind, and it will fall"
3. Grandpa Sakura tree is 2000 years old.
Jindai Zakura (神代桜) is the oldest Sakura tree which is 2000 years old. Its root circumference is 13.5m. It can be viewed from the Jissou Temple (実相寺) in Yamanashi Prefecture.
Sakura in march
"Some walkways are romantically lined with Sakura trees. Take a stroll and enjoy the beauty of impermanence"
4. Number of petals decide the flowers name.
Flowers are given name on the basis of how many petals it has. Flowers with 5 petals are called Hiteo. Flower which has petals ranging between 5-10 are called Hanyae. More than 10 petal flowers are known as Yae.
Facts about Sakura
"The Yaezakura is another species of Sakura that looks different from the famous 5-petal Someiyoshino species. Look out for the interesting colors. Some trees may house different-colored flowers on one branch just like this!"
5. Who wants to taste Sakura? Well you can eat it as well!!
Yes!! Sakura is edible once it goes through a process called Shiozuke. In Shiozuke, leaves are soaked in salt, resulting in Sakurazuke. It has a very distinctive and unique smell.
Eat Sakura
Source: blog.wagashi-net
"It is normal for Japan to have season-inspired products. You may find pink-colored Sakura-inspired Japanese sweets (Wagashi), Sakura-flavored Latte, Ice Cream, snacks and even Sakura-designed plates from the local 100-yen stores"


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Aug. 14, 2009 Edith Hessel and colleagues, at Dynavax Technologies Corporation, Berkeley, have identified the reason that humans and rodents respond differently to a molecule that is being developed to treat allergic diseases.
Molecules that trigger the protein TLR9 are being developed as a potential therapeutic for allergic diseases. While they have been shown to be safe and well-tolerated when inhaled by people, they cause severe lung inflammation and toxicity when inhaled by rodents.
In the study, the toxicity of one of the molecules under development was found to depend on TLR9 and the soluble immune molecule TNF-alpha in mice. Importantly, TLR9 is expressed on many immune cell types in the mouse (monocyte/macrophage cells, B cells, and pDCs) and only on B cells and pDCs in humans. The toxicity in mice was found to be independent of B cells and pDCs, meaning that other immune cells expressing TLR9 were responsible for TNF-alpha production.
As human TLR9-expressing cells did not produce TNF-alpha in response to stimulation by the molecules under development, the authors conclude that the differential pattern of TLR9 expression is important in determining the nontoxicity of molecules that target TLR9 in humans and that toxicity in rodents is a result of TNF-alpha production.
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Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.
- Hessel et al. CpG-containing immunostimulatory DNA sequences elicit TNF-alpha%u2013dependent toxicology in rodents but not in humans. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 2009;
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.


Natural will
from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The natural will is a legal term that encompasses the actually existing intentions, desires, valuations and action intentions of a person, even if the person is in a state of pathological disruption of mental activity that excludes free will determination, i.e. H. is usually incapable of doing business within the meaning of Section 104 No. 2 BGB.
The distinction between free and natural will is particularly important in the care law, since a carer may not be appointed against the free will of an adult ( § 1896 Paragraph 1a BGB), but against his natural will, if this is in his well-understood interest. The natural will is therefore not meaningless, but must be observed within the framework of the principle of proportionality, because the person being cared for may only encroach on the basic right to a self-determined life ( Article 2, Paragraph 1, Basic Law ) according to the standard of proportionality. The principle of proportionality is observed if an action against the natural will of the person being looked after is necessary in order to avert a considerable danger, and the act represents the mildest of the possible means and the action is not opposed by the presumed will of the person being looked after.
The natural will of the person being cared for is to be observed by the supervisor within the framework of Section 1901 (3) BGB. Also, against the natural will, a sterilization of the person concerned cannot be approved by the guardianship court ( Section 1905, Paragraph 1, No. 1 BGB), since in this special intervention the consent of the person concerned may not be withdrawn regardless of their mental or psychological state.
A deprivation of liberty can exist when an existing natural will is counteracted. On the other hand, in the case of a long-term unconscious person, it is not considered a deprivation of liberty if the room in which he or she lies is locked.
A fixation of a person against his natural will must be approved by a judge; the consent of a supervisor or authorized representative is not sufficient if the measure is of a longer duration ( generally longer than the following day within the meaning of Article 104 of the Basic Law, with recent high-level judgments fundamentally criticizing such long-lasting fixations) or this takes place regularly (e.g. always at night). In such cases, according to Section 1906 (4) BGB, the approval of the guardianship court is also required.


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The Economic Botany Collections at Kew house around 40 specimens of bark cloth, a versatile material made from beaten tree bark, once used widely in the Pacific Islands and Indonesia. Bark cloth comes primarily from trees of the Moraceae family, including Broussonetia papyrifera, Artocarpus altilis, and Ficus spp. It is made by beating strips of the fibrous inner bark of these trees into sheets, which are then finished into a variety of items.
The main use of bark cloth is for clothing. The Collections at Kew illustrate the amazing ability of this beaten tree bark to form soft and delicate items of apparel. Examples include shawls, loincloths, headdresses, skirts, dresses, shirts, and even a tight fitting jacket. Bark cloth has not just been worn, however, but has also been used as a wrapping for the deceased, a dowry, a room partition, and a mosquito screen. The cloth has played an important role in the societies of the South Pacific, being incorporated into folklore, religion, culture, and ritual. It has been popular in ritual gift exchange, in everyday trading and in healing ceremonies, and it has been used to symbolise status and wealth, with the level of decoration, the style of wearing, and the amount of cloth worn signifying rank. In Tahiti, for example, the upper class wore the 'ahutara' or shawl over their shoulders, while the lower classes wore one rectangle tucked around the body and under the arms so the shoulders were exposed to passing superiors. Meanwhile, in Fiji the length of a man's loincloth symbolised his rank. A chief's loincloth would drag on the ground, while a poor man's loincloth would drape over his belt as little as possible.
Each region in the Pacific developed its own unique methods of production, style of wearing and design. The Economic Botany Collections at Kew have examples from a wide geographical range, including Pitcairn, Hawaii, Tahiti, the Cook Islands, Samoa, Futuna, Tonga, Fiji, the Solomon Islands, Sulawesi, Halamahera, Seram, New Guinea, and Java. The samples cover the many diverse uses, designs and styles of bark cloth, and are the result of a number of private collectors and colonial expeditions in the 19th century, from HRH the Duke of Edinburgh to the mutineers of the HMS Bounty. Most of the examples at Kew date from the late 19th century. The production of bark cloth slowed considerably in the 20th century, eventually dying out in all but a few islands as missionaries from the west visited the Pacific, bringing with them western ideas and goods such as cotton textiles. In fact, it became a sign of a convert to wear cotton, rather than bark cloth.
With the manufacture of bark cloth in such decline, the Collections at Kew serve as an important reminder of this unique craft. The specimens kept here will provide present and future generations with a chance to see samples of the beautifully crafted cloth, and an opportunity to learn about the societies who once used bark cloth in nearly every aspect of their lives, from clothing their children and adorning their priests to healing their sick and wrapping their dead.


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Click on the "video playlist" icon, located in the upper left corner of the viewing area, to access and select the Long-term Acute Care Hospitals PEPPER sessions. Alternatively, click the "play" button in the middle of the video screen and use the "forward" button on the bottom left of the video screen to advance to the desired session. You may also click on the YouTube icon in the bottom right of the screen to open the YouTube viewing window.
Click on the links below to access the training series handouts.
LT PEPPER Demonstration – during this session, walk through a sample PEPPER (version Q4FY16) to review the Compare Targets, Target Area and Top DRGs reports
Chapter 1 – What is PEPPER? Introduction and History (PDF)
Chapter 2 – What type of data are summarized in PEPPER? (PDF)
Chapter 3 – What are the target areas in the LT PEPPER, why are they included and how were they identified? (PDF)
Chapter 4 – What is the difference between percent and percentile? What does the percentile mean? (PDF)
Chapter 5 – LT Top DRGs (PDF)
Chapter 6 – Comparison Groups in (PDF)
Chapter 7 – How to Use PEPPER (PDF)
Chapter 8 – National-level Data (PDF)
Chapter 9 – Obtaining PEPPER via PEPPER Resources Portal (PDF)
Chapter 10 – Resources and Assistance with using/obtaining PEPPER (PDF)


How far is texas from mexico
How many hours is Texas from Mexico?
Flying time from Texas to Mexico The total flight duration from Texas to Mexico is 1 hour, 44 minutes.
How far is Dallas Texas from the Mexican border?
Distance between Dallas and Mexico City is 1503 kilometers ( 934 miles ). Driving distance from Dallas to Mexico City is 1822 kilometers (1132 miles). Estimated Travel Time Between Dallas and Mexico City.
Average Speed Travel Time
60 mph (97 km/h) 18 hours 46 minutes
70 mph (112 km/h) 16 hours 15 minutes
How far is Mexico from Houston Texas?
752 miles
How far is Texas from Cancun?
1,099.05 mi
Which Texan city is closest to the Mexican border?
Is it safe to drive to Mexico from Texas?
Yes. It is safe. The roads in Mexico are excellent. Of course bad things could happen anywhere, and road rule vary.
How long is a flight from Mexico to Dallas?
Flight time from Mexico City to Dallas, TX is 2 hours 40 minutes. Non-stop flight time is around 2 hours 45 minutes. Quickest one-stop flight takes close to 5 hours. However, some airlines could take as long as 11 hours based on the stopover destination and waiting duration.
How far is Mexico from Texas by car?
Distance between Texas City and Mexico City is 1186 kilometers (737 miles). Driving distance from Texas City to Mexico City is 1658 kilometers (1030 miles).
How far is it between two locations?
You might be interested: What do things cost in mexico
How far is Mexico from Houston plane?
765 miles
How far is Dallas from Houston?
225 miles
How far away is Cancun by plane?
The shortest distance (air line) between Mexico-City and Cancun is 805.50 mi (1,296.32 km).
How far is Cancun from Dallas?
1008 miles
How longs the flight to Cancun?
around 10 hours Mexico


Edit Article
Two Methods:Writing Your AdSample Ad Language
The best way to advertise your yard sale is most surely the newspaper. But you don't want to write the wrong things and give people the wrong ideas! So what do you do... read this article and find out!
Writing Your Ad
 1. 1
 Find a paper to post your ad. Make sure it gets read often. The only bad thing is, is that the more viewers weekly the more an ad is. So choose wisely.
 2. 2
 Grab a pen and lots off paper, this is your rough draft. Make sure that you include time and date, the address of the sale and a few big ticket items.
 3. 3
 Once you have the rough draft done, read through it thoroughly. Correct any grammatical errors and incomplete sentences.
 4. 4
 In your neatest handwriting rewrite the ad on a clean sheet of paper.
 5. 5
 Give the ad to whomever owns the printer or newspaper for the company you choose is and wait for that flock of customers.
Sample Ad Language
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Categories: Garage and Yard Sales
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Cypress: The Wood Eternal
Cypress: The Wood Eternal
 - Cypress: The Wood Eternal
Published Date
 - published 1941
There is frequently a wide variation of color with one shade
usually predominating in a given locality. For instance, the prevailing
type found in the deep swamps of the St. Johns River is amber, referred
to as yellow cypress, while that growing on the fringe or shallow swamps
of the St. Johns is decidedly darker and possessed of stronger grain. The
typical amber wood of the Apalachicola and other alluvial river swamps
occasionally gradates to dark brown or chocolate and when cut often
presents dark stripes on a lighter background.
Trees that show the dark-red bands of the heavier summerwood,
especially in the lower Mississippi River delta, are known as red cypress.
Wood from the northern regions is referred to as white cypress. In
southern lumber camps, logs that float high are also called "white"
regardless of actual color. In lumber camps along the Atlantic coast,
heavy wood which sinks or floats very low is called "black" while in
Gulf region the term refers more to color than buoyancy. Dark cypress
frequently is no heavier than lighter shades of the wood.
When thoroughly seasoned, cypress wood weight on an average
of about 28 pounds a cubit foot. It is considerably heavier than
redwood, spruce, and most cedars. The specific gravity green cypress
generally varies from about 0.80, or 50 pounds, a cubit foot to 62.35, or
the same weight as water, although it is often much lighter than this.
When dried it is sometimes found as light as cork and is frequently used
for floats on fishing nets.


text:
There are two parts to Form: message mode and syntax.
Mode: Messages can be transmitted many different ways and include symbol systems (sign language, picture representations, icons, writing or speech) gestures, body language, and even behavior.
Syntax: Form includes grammar, word order, word endings, verb tenses, and more. It is the ability to put concepts together for different meaning for example:
The form can be transmitted with any symbol system (sign language, picture representations, icons, writing or speech). Another example of syntax is combining a word (dog) and then changing the meaning by adding another word (barking dog, big dog, friendly dog).This is an area often neglected when teaching AAC.