How to Move to the Microsoft Cloud – One Step at a Time (for SMBs)
We get it. Change is hard. Especially when you know that the change will permanently alter the way you conduct your business. Many small to medium-sized businesses have realized the benefits of moving to the cloud but have not yet made the change because they are either unfamiliar or intimidated by the process. In this article, I will explain why Microsoft 365 is the best cloud solution today, describe the four significant steps for a Microsoft 365 implementation, and provide a few suggestions to help you along the way.
Microsoft 365 is a cloud-based productivity solution that offers its subscribers access to all the classic Office apps like Word, Excel, and PowerPoint. It also provides access to Premium Office apps such as Planner, Forms, and Lists. But wait, that's not all! The list continues; it also includes powerful cloud service apps, including Microsoft Teams, Exchange email, and the OneDrive and SharePoint file management apps!
Wow. That's a lot!
We still aren't done yet. With Microsoft 365, your data is backed by Microsoft's leading security service, keeping you safe from malicious actors. Compared to its competitors, Microsoft 365 continues to be the most valuable, innovative, and secure productivity solution on the market, making your choice to use the platform a no-brainer.
Now comes the hard part…
Implementing a new cloud solution is rarely as simple as turning it on and training your users. For example, Microsoft 365 can completely alter the way you store, manage, and access your company files. Deciding to change these necessary procedures without gathering input from your colleagues, strategically planning together, and taking the time to test the new system, will likely lead to frustration and failure of adoption.
 Here are the THREE main steps for you to successfully migrate to the Microsoft 365 cloud.
 1. Develop a Plan
 Before you begin your Microsoft 365 implementation, it is crucial to develop a general plan or road map. After familiarizing yourself and your leadership members with the capabilities of Microsoft 365, gather for a meeting to discuss the specifics. Some good question to ask include,
 - Where are we going as an organization?
 - What are we hoping to accomplish with Microsoft 365?
 - What are the specific needs of each of our departments for communication, collaboration, and file management?
 - What is our timeline to complete the implementation?
 - How will we know if we have succeeded?
 Make sure that you get everyone's opinion. The more data you have while you plan, the more successful you will be.
 It is also a good idea to get an experienced Microsoft partner involved early on. They can help guide you into considering the many possibilities of Microsoft 365 and assist you in your environment's configuration.
 2. Test on a Pilot Group
 The next step is to deploy Microsoft 365 on a pilot group. Give your pilot group a few weeks to test out their use of the Microsoft 365 applications. Of course, you will want to have them check out the Microsoft Teams, SharePoint, OneDrive, and Outlook apps, but you may also find interest in some of the other Microsoft 365 applications, like Planner and Forms. Have your pilot group meet regularly to share their reviews and discuss their ideas for how Microsoft 365 can be used by your organization. Then, test those ideas out! Your goal is to develop the most optimal plan for how the rest of your organization will use the applications before you begin deploying them to everyone else.
 You will find that another benefit of testing your deployment is that it can help prepare you to train the rest of your employees to use the new applications. Your pilot group member's experiences with testing the applications will prepare them to become your organization's Microsoft 365 trainers and be able to offer insight as to how you should train your other users.
 3. Deploy to Everyone Else
 Finally, once your pilot group feels that they have developed an optimized plan for how your organization will use Microsoft 365, you are ready to begin deploying to the rest of your users.
 Be sure to notify your staff in advance that the change is coming. Sharing introductory videos, like Microsoft's "Welcome to Teams" video, and holding company training classes will help drive your staff's excitement and aid in the transition. You will find that some users will immediately embrace the change. In contrast, others will take some time to warm up to the new applications, so have some patience and be prepared to offer additional support to those you anticipate will have a more challenging time with the change.
 Here are a few other tips to help you along in your journey:
 - Work with a Microsoft Partner to make any modifications to your tenant. Seemingly small changes to the Admin Center can have significant ramifications, so it is best first to get an expert's advice.
 - Include your leadership team members in the pilot group. The leaders of an organization tend to be the biggest drivers of adoption. If they are not using the new tools or are openly frustrated by them, your front-line staff will be less likely to embrace the change themselves.
 - It's also a good idea to include a few trusted front-line workers in your pilot group. I'm talking about those A-level workers who have been around your company for a while. These staff members are the closest to the day-to-day activities and will be your best sources when reality checking your plans to use the new applications.
 Moving to the cloud doesn't have to be a scary thing. Breaking up your Microsoft 365 cloud migration into these three steps will help make the experience less daunting and more manageable for your team.
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Sitio de recursos de la economía social y solidaria
Exchanging visions on a plural, responsible and solidarity-based economy -RPSE
Organised and edited by Marcos Arruda, noviembre 2008
What is the purpose of this document ? (1) To summarise the writings and dialogue produced over the past three years among members of the workgroup on an Integral Vision of a Solidarity Socio-Economy (SSE) - or simply Solidarity Economy - and with other professionals and activists who took part in that dialogue ; (2) To summarise the debate on key issues in building an economy that, surpassing and supplanting the economy of capital, can go on to form a new system that is even more dynamic and innovative in developing the human person and human groups. (3) To contribute to systematising, exploring ever more thoroughly and disseminating the ideas, arguments and practices that show that another world and another humankind is possible.


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City of Alexandria, VA
History of the Alexandria's Human Rights Code
On March 25, 1975, Alexandria City Council passed one of the first human rights ordinances in Virginia.
The Code, which became effective April 21, 1975, prohibited discrimination in employment, housing, public accommodation, credit, health and social services, education and city contracts on the basis of race, color, sex, age, religion, national origin, ancestry, marital status, or physical handicap.
Throughout the years, a number of changes have expanded the reach of the Code. In 1988, the Code was amended to include sexual orientation as a protected class; in 1991, the Code was amended to include fair housing protection for families with children, and the protection for the "physically handicapped" was expanded to cover all disabilities. Last, amendments to the Code in 1996 prohibited discriminatory practices in commercial real estate.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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- britches (Appalachia, Southern US)
From Middle English breches pl (also brechen), a variant of Middle English breche, brech, brek ("breeches"), from Old English brēċ ("breeches"), from Proto-Germanic *brōkiz pl (nom.acc.), from Proto-Germanic *brōks ("trousers"); akin to Old Norse brók ("breeches"), Danish brog, Dutch broek, German Bruch f; compare Latin bracae ( > French braies) which is of Celtic origin. Compare brail.
- (plural of breech):
- (smallclothes; trousers):
- Rhymes: -ɪtʃɪz, -iːtʃɪz
- plural of
- A garment worn by men, covering the hips and thighs; smallclothes.
- (informal) Trousers; pantaloons.
- breeches buoy
- breeches pipe: a forked pipe forming two branches united at one end
- open-kneed breeches
- wear the breeches: see wear the pants, wear the trousers
- too big for one's britches

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Top 3 Standards for Lithium Battery Safety Testing
For small lithium batteries, there are three standards that our Battery Lab tests to most often:
- UN/DOT 38.3 5th Edition, Amendment 1 – Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods
- IEC 62133-2:2017 – Safety requirements for portable sealed secondary lithium cells, and for batteries made from them, for use in portable applications – Part 2: Lithium systems
- UL 2054 2nd Edition – Household and Commercial Batteries
Following is a quick overview of each one.
Want to ship a lithium battery almost anywhere in the world by air, vessel, rail, or truck? Unless you want to be extremely restricted in your options for transporting your batteries (ground transport as Class 9 Hazardous Goods), you will need to certify that your batteries have passed UN/DOT 38.3.
Found in many countries' shipment of dangerous goods regulations, this standard is relevant for the transportation safety of all lithium metal and lithium ion cells and batteries
UN/DOT 38.3 is a self-certify standard but because of potential liability issues, most companies choose to use a third party test lab like MET Labs.
UN 38.3 presents a combination of significant environmental, mechanical, and electrical stresses, in sequence (T1-T5):
- T1 – Altitude Simulation (Primary and Secondary Cells and Batteries)
- T2 – Thermal Test (Primary and Secondary Cells and Batteries)
- T3 – Vibration (Primary and Secondary Cells and Batteries)
- T4 – Shock (Primary and Secondary Cells and Batteries)
- T5 – External Short Circuit (Primary and Secondary Cells and Batteries)
- T6 – Impact (Primary and Secondary Cells)
- T7 – Overcharge (Secondary Batteries)
- T8 – Forced Discharge (Primary and Secondary Cells)
Some tests are easier to pass than others. The altitude test is the easiest. The vibration test, on the other hand, is intense and long-running: 3 hours in each of the three cardinal planes. And the T1-T5 sequence typically has a negative cumulative effect.
Mandated by many IEC end-device standards, IEC 62133 is the de facto standard for international compliance. UN 38.3 transportation testing (see previous section) is an integral requirement, but does not need to be repeated.
The standard includes four tests:
- 2.2 Molded Case Stress
- 3.2 External Short Circuit
- 3.3 Free Fall
- 3.6 Overcharging of Battery
Compared to the requirements of UN 38.3, these tests are relatively easy to pass.
Compliance with the requirements of UL 2054 is mandated by a number of U.S. end device standards. It is a challenging standard involving roughly double the number of tests found in the UN or IEC requirements:
- 7 electrical tests
- 4 mechanical tests
- 4 battery enclosure tests
- 1 fire exposure test
- 2 environmental tests
With the inclusion of single faults and worst-case operation, the electrical tests are the most challenging. The abusive overcharge test is the most difficult given the overvoltage conditions applied to the faulted pack. Abnormal charge, forced discharge, and two short circuit tests also involve significant risk of failure.
For lithium batteries, UL 2054 defers all component cell level testing to UL 1642. Warning: Not all labs will accept another NRTL's test results. For example, when testing a battery to UL 2054, MET Labs will accept another NRTL's cell level UL 1642 test data and apply it to the UL 2054 testing. This saves the client time and money. We recommend avoiding NRTLs that don't follow this client-friendly practice.
The future of UL 2054 is cloudy. UL has released the first edition of UL 62133, which is fully harmonized with IEC 62133, 2nd Edition. UL 2054 and UL 62133 essentially compete for the same test space although their requirements are quite different. The timing of UL 62133 adoption is still unfolding, but it is expected to have an impact on the future role of UL 2054 as an important U.S. compliance standard.
In addition to these three standards, MET is increasingly seeing a demand for testing to IEEE 1625 and 1725 for CTIA battery certification. MET is a CTIA Authorized Test Lab that offers full scope CTIA-accredited battery testing and certification services for these standards.
Not sure what standard applies to your batteries? Contact us for quick and easy answers.


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Professor John H. Lienhard
PI at MIT
Professor Greg Rutledge
PI at MIT
Professor Hassan A. Arafat
PI at Masdar Institute
This project is focused on the development of a membrane distillation (MD) desalination technology. MD is a method of thermal desalination whereby a hot, saline, feed stream is passed over a microporous hydrophobic membrane. The membrane is a thin polymer typically made of Teflon or polypropylene. The temperature difference between the two sides of the membrane leads to a vapor pressure difference that causes water to evaporate and pass through the pores. The water is held back by surface tension as the fluid forms a meniscus on the small pores. This pressure limits the pressure difference across the membranes and is primarily governed by the contact angle of the material and the pore size. MD systems can be run in a variety of configurations, which govern how fluid is collected from the permeate side. There is direct contact MD (DCMD), air gap MD (AGMD), sweeping gas MD (SGMD). SGMD is typically used for removing volatile vapors and is typically not used in desalination.
MD configurations (DCMD, AGMD, and VMD) have been analyzed from an energy efficiency standpoint and VMD was found to have fundamentally limited performance, due to the low condensing temperatures which limit how much heat can be recovered from the permeate vapor. AGMD and DCMD have the potential to produce low-cost water if properly optimized. Multi-stage, multi-pressure, cycles for VMD will be investigated for their energy efficiency to reduce the effect of low saturation temperature.
This research project has several key aspects of relevance to Masdar Institute's mission as well as Abu Dhabi, as it addresses sustainable energy (Solar and Wind) utilization and clean water supply. The project addresses a promising new technology for water desalination (membrane distillation). The research will also help in educating participating students to innovate in desalination system design and it will establish new capacity in the UAE.


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For people with cancer, meditation may offer myriad benefits when combined with standard care. Shown to reduce stress, relieve anxiety, aid in pain management, and boost mood, regular meditation may help cancer patients cope with their condition (as well as with the negative side effects of cancer treatments like chemotherapy and radiation).
Meditation for People with Cancer
Meditation typically involves concentrating on your breath, or on a repeated word or phrase (known as a "mantra"). Among the many different meditation styles is mindfulness meditation, which emphasizes focusing your attention on the present moment. Although meditation is often practiced on one's own, some cancer treatment centers offer meditation sessions guided by doctors or other mental-health professionals.
Meditation Benefits for People with Cancer
While research on meditation and cancer is somewhat limited, a number of studies suggest that meditation may be a valuable addition to cancer treatment. In a 2006 research review, for instance, investigators looked at nine studies on mindfulness meditation and cancer. Results revealed that practicing mindfulness meditation yielded "consistent benefits," including improvements in psychological functioning, stress levels, coping ability, and overall wellbeing.
More recent research shows that meditation may help protect against cognitive impairment, a common problem among people with cancer. Thought to result from a number of factors (such as reduced hormone levels, fatigue, and distress), cancer-related cognitive impairment is known to weaken quality of life among people dealing with cancer. In their analysis of several studies on meditation and cancer-related cognitive impairment, researchers found that meditation may help improve cognitive function (as well as ease stress, reduce fatigue, lessen pain, and improve mood and sleep quality) among cancer patients and survivors.
Should You Use Meditation in Treatment of Cancer?
Given the findings from available research, it's possible that practicing meditation could offer certain benefits to people coping with cancer. However, it's critical to note that meditation can't treat cancer itself, and that attempting to self-treat cancer with meditation (or any type of alternative therapy) may be extremely hazardous. If you're interested in meditation, talk to your doctor about how to safely incorporate a meditation practice into your cancer treatment program.
American Cancer Society. "Meditation".
Biegler KA, Chaoul MA, Cohen L. "Cancer, cognitive impairment, and meditation." Acta Oncol. 2009;48(1):18-26.
Ott MJ, Norris RL, Bauer-Wu SM. "Mindfulness meditation for oncology patients: a discussion and critical review." Integr Cancer Ther. 2006 Jun;5(2):98-108.
Tacón AM. "Meditation as a complementary therapy in cancer." Fam Community Health. 2003 Jan-Mar;26(1):64-73.


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MISSHA All-Around Safe Block Essence Sun Milk SPF50+ PA+++ 70ml
 Write a review
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 Moisturizing Sunscreen
 A hydrating, non-greasy, non-sticky sunscreen that provides complete protection from harmful UVA/UVB rays and soothes skin irritated by the sun. With a light moisturizing texture, All-around Safe Block Essence Sun Milk goes on smoothly and gives a dewy finish without a white cast. Ingredients including four kinds of flower extracts (apricot flower, lotus flower, chrysanthemum flower, and camellia flower) provide moisture and nourishment. Sun Milk also contains Thanaka extract which delivers a cooling effect. Recommended for normal, combination to dry skin types.
 Helpful info:
 UVA - Long wave ultraviolet A (UVA) rays penetrate deep into the dermis, the skin's thickest layer and causes premature skin aging, wrinkling and dark spots.
 UVB - Short wave ultraviolet B (UVB) rays burn the superficial layers of the skin and is the main cause of sunburn and skin cancer.
 PA - More + signs mean longer protection against UVA
 SPF - Higher numbers mean longer protection against UVB
 TO USE: Shake 3-5 times before use. Apply appropriate amount onto face as last step of basic skin care. Pat lightly until fully absorbed. Apply evenly onto neck, arms, and legs where sun exposure occurs. Reapply as needed for long-term sun exposure.


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Hamedani et al., who end up suggesting that it may be necessary to invoke independent behaviors in order to successfully motivate interdependence, start their article with a Quote:
"Each time I look at that flag, I'm reminded that our destiny is stitched together like those 50 stars and those 13 stripes... And if we hold fast to that truth, in this moment of trial, there is no challenge too great." "—U.S. president Barack Obama, State of the Union address, January 24, 2012 "They then outline the context for their study on factors that influence the kinds of interdependent behavior needed to face problems common to all people, such as the environmental crisis. They:
...compared European Americans, who have been exposed primarily to mainstream cultural contexts that promote and value independence, with East Asian Americans, who have been exposed both to these contexts and also to cultural contexts that promote and value interdependence. Asian Americans are considered bicultural because they are exposed not only to mainstream American contexts that foster independent behavior (e.g., in schools and workplaces), but also to East Asian contexts that foster interdependent behavior (e.g., in families and communities)...This European American/Asian American cultural contrast allowed us to examine whether independence necessarily functions as a barrier to interdependent awareness and action. Comparing two American groups who are similar in their exposure to independence but different in their exposure to interdependence enabled us to test the theory that interdependence may undermine motivation because of a lack of exposure to cultural contexts that promote and value it as a normatively "good" style of behavior.1 Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that invoking interdependent behavior, compared with invoking independent behavior, would undermine motivation for European Americans but not for bicultural Asian Americans.Here is their abstract:
Today's most pressing social challenges require people to recognize their shared fate and work together—to think and act interdependently. In the three studies reported here, we found that appeals for increased interdependence may undermine the very motivation they seek to inspire. We examined the hypothesis that invoking interdependent action undermines motivation for chronically independent European Americans but not for bicultural Asian Americans who are both chronically independent and chronically interdependent. Two studies demonstrated that priming interdependent rather than independent action undermined European Americans' motivation to perform challenging mental and physical tasks. A third study showed that framing an appeal for environmental sustainability in terms of interdependent rather than independent action led to decreased motivation and resource allocation among European Americans. Motivation was not undermined for Asian Americans, which reveals how behavior is divergently shaped, in the land of the free, by foundational sociocultural schemas of independence and interdependence. This research has the novel implication that it may be necessary to invoke independent behaviors in order to successfully motivate interdependence.


Astronautics 101
This tutorial will help you get started in simple Astronautics calculations using the Systems Tool Kit from AGI or Python. We will use the International Space Station as our orbiting body around the Earth.
The ISS is the largest man-made satellite ever made. It's been orbiting the earth since 1998 and estimates say it has cost about $100 billion so far. It can be seen with the naked eye from ground. Since the year 2000 it has been continuously occupied by different astronauts from different nations. To read more about it go to:
This tutorial will help you calculate some interesting orbital properties of the ISS like it's orbital speed and period. I'll give you some of the relevant variables and equations so you can easily compute everything. The main purpose of this tutorial is to get you started with powerful software tools that can help you solve real problems.
With a simple calculator go trough the given equations and get the relevant numbers. Just because I give you the numbers you should't trust them blindly. Then you will verify your hand made numbers using STK or Python.
Don't worry if you don't understand all the terms yet. Later you will learn more about these terms like the true anomaly and orbital energy (read this and this to get started right away). These steps were made so you can easily compute the orbital speed and period of the ISS.
Here is the data and the relevant equations (make sure you use the right units):
Earth Radius $R_e = 6371 km$
Earth gravitational parameter $\mu = 3.986×10^5 km^3/s^2$
Perigee = 418 km
Apogee = 426 km
$R_p = 418 + Re$
$R_a = 426 + Re$
1) Find the eccentricity of the orbit (e)
$e = \frac{R_a – R_p}{R_a + R_p} = 0.000588841454438$
it's very small!!! as expected, meaning the orbit is almost circular
2) Find the semi-major axis (a)
$2a = Ra + Rp => a = 6793.0 km$
3) Find the specific mechanical energy for the ISS orbit (espilon)
$\epsilon = – \frac{\mu}{2a} = -29.339025467392904 km^2/s^2$
4) Find the altitude (R) of the ISS when the true anomaly is 90deg (usually represented by the greek letter "nu")
$R = \frac{a(1-e^2)}{1+e \times cos(\nu)} = 6792.9976446341825 km$
don't forget to convert deg to radians when you use this equation.
5) Find the orbital speed (at nu = 90deg)
$V = \sqrt{2(\frac{\mu}{R} + \epsilon)} = 7.660163 km/s$
6) Find the orbiting period of the ISS
$P = 2\pi\sqrt{\frac{a^3}{\mu}} = 5571.90 sec = 92.87 min = 1.55 hr$
because the results are given in seconds I convert to minutes and hours to get a better feeling of it how long it really takes for the ISS to orbit the Earth once.
BTW, here's a really cool video of the Earth taken from the ISS at 7.6 km/s
Now follow these links to check if the above equations are correct:
Systems Tool Kit (STK) intro
go to
Python intro
go to


Named ways of preparing the body for the second wave COVID-19
the Russians told how to prepare your body for a possible second wave of coronavirus.
According to therapist Vladimir Beketov, the immune system in humans is the same in all seasons. In this regard, the expert in interview "KP" urged not to rely on the decrease of the infection in the summer.
the Doctor recommends during the period from late August until October to get vaccinated against influenza. Especially, he advises not to neglect vaccinations for people suffering from lung, heart diseases or diabetes. Also, the doctor believes that it is possible to be vaccinated and pneumococcal disease.
Beketov had been warned that to strengthen the immune system, taking Supplements, tinctures, impossible. Meanwhile, long sleep 8-9 hours, as noted by the candidate of medical Sciences, is able to exert a positive effect on the protective functions of the body.
the physician Also advises Russians to eat chicken, Turkey, fish, fruits, vegetables, greens, and bran, to reduce the consumption of meat, mostly sausage products.


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GENISTA (Cytisus canariensis) is employed as an hallucinogen in the magic practices of Yaqui medicine men in northern Mexico. Native to the Canary Islands, the plant was introduced into Mexico. Rarely does any nonindigenous plant find its way into the religious and magic customs of a people. Known also by the scientific name Genista canariensis, this species is the "genista" of florists.
Plants of the genus Cytisus are rich in cytisine, an alkaloid of the lupine group. The alkaloid has never been pharmacologically demonstrated to have hallucinogenic activity, but it is known to be toxic and to cause nausea, convulsions, and death through failure of respiration.
About 80 species of Cytisus, belonging to the bean family, Leguminosae, are known in the Atlantic islands, Europe, and the Mediterranean area. Some species are highly ornamental; some are poisonous.


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There's no better place to learn! The Biblical Language Center offers both beginning and intermediate immersion courses in biblical Hebrew and Koine Greek. Since 1996 BLC has offered innovative instruction using cutting-edge methods for language acquisition. The classroom is a fun and interactive environment, with instruction and activities all conducted in the language of study. Just as a child learns their first language, you will be internalizing biblical Hebrew or Greek the moment you step into the classroom. Come experience effective, lasting results.
BLC continually refines its techniques and materials to insure the most efficient achievement of the biblical languages anywhere in the world. To find out more about our immersion courses use the links below:


BOL Terms
Terms and Conditions Incorporated Herein as PART A III
For provinces other than Ontario, please see***
I. Application: The following provisions shall apply to the transportation of all goods by carrier whether or not licensed under the Motor Vehicle Transport Act, 1987 or under provincial statutes or U.S.A legislation.
II. Bill of Lading
1. A Bill of Lading shall be completed as provided herein for each shipment.
2. On each article covered by the Bill of Lading, there shall be plainly marked thereon by the consignor, the name of the consignee and the destination thereof. This requirement does not apply in cases where the shipment is from one consignor to one consignee and constitutes a truckload shipment.
3. The Bill of Lading shall be signed in full (not initialed), by the consignor and by the carrier as an acceptance of all terms and conditions contained therein.
4. At the option of the carrier a waybill may be prepared by the carrier and the waybill shall bear the same number or other positive means of identification as the original Bill of Lading. Under no circumstances shall the waybill replace the original Bill of Lading.
III. Uniform Conditions of Carriage
1. Liability of Carrier: The carrier of the goods herein described is liable for any loss of or damage to goods accepted by the carrier or the carrier's agent except as hereinafter provided.
3. Recovery from Connecting Carriers
(ii) If there is concealed damage and the goods were interlined between carriers so that it is not clear as to who had custody of the goods when they were damaged, the originating carrier or the delivering carrier, as the case may be, is entitled to recover from each of the interlined carriers an amount prorated on the basis of each carrier's revenue for carriage of the damaged goods.
4. Remedy by Consignor or Consignee: Nothing in Article 2 or 3 deprives a consignor or consignee of any rights the consignor or consignee may have against any carrier.
5. Exceptions from Liability: The carrier shall not be liable for loss, damage or delay to any of the goods described in the bill of lading caused by an act of God, the Queen's or public enemies, riots, strikes, a defect in the goods, an act or default of the consignor, owner or consignee, authority of law, quarantine or difference in weights of grain, seed or other commodities caused by natural shrinkage.
6. Delay: No carrier is bound to carry goods by any particular public truck or in time for any particular market or otherwise than with due dispatch, unless by agreement that is specifically endorsed on the bill of lading and signed by the parties.
7. Routing by Carrier: If the carrier forwards the goods by a conveyance that is not a public truck, the liability of the carrier is the same as though the entire carriage were by public truck.
8. Stoppage in Transit: If goods are stopped and held in transit at the request of the party entitled to so request, the goods are held at the risk of that party.
 (i) the value of the goods at the place and time of shipment, including the freight and other charges if paid, and
 (ii) $4.41 per kilogram computed on the total weight of the shipment.
11. Consignor's Risk
(ii) The burden of proving absence of negligence shall be on the carrier.
12. Notice of Claim
13. Articles of Extraordinary Value
(i) No carrier is bound to carry any documents, specie or articles of extraordinary value unless by a special agreement to do so.
14. Freight Charges
(i) If required by the carrier, the freight and all other lawful charges accruing on the goods shall be paid before delivery.
(iii) If a consignor does not indicate that a shipment is to move prepaid or does not indicate how the shipment is to move, it will automatically move on a collect basis.
15. Dangerous Goods: Every person, whether as principal or agent, shipping dangerous goods without previous full disclosure to the carrier as required by law, shall indemnify the carrier against all loss, damage or delay caused by the failure to disclose and such goods may be warehoused at the consignor's risk and expense.
16. Undelivered Goods
(ii) Pending receipt of disposal instructions,
17. Return of Goods: If a notice has been given by the carrier pursuant to paragraph (i) of Article 16, and no disposal instructions have been received within ten days from the date of such notice, the carrier may return to the consignor, at the consignor's expense, all undelivered shipments for which such notice has been given.
18. Alterations: Subject to Article 19, any limitation on the carrier's liability on the bill of lading and any alteration to the bill of lading shall be signed or initialed by the consignor and the originating carrier or their agents and unless signed and initialed shall be without effect.
19. Weights
20. C.O.D. Shipments
(i) A carrier shall not deliver a C.O.D. shipment unless payment is received in full.
(iv) A carrier shall keep all C.O.D. moneys in a trust fund or account separate from the other revenues and funds of the carrier's business.
(v) A carrier shall include the charges for collecting and remitting money paid by consignees as a separate item in the schedule of rates.
1. The carrier shall be entitled to retain and be paid all brokerages, commissions, allowances and other remunerations as is customary in the trade.
2. The carrier is authorized (but shall be under no obligation whatsoever) to open package(s) for inspection at all times.
3. In any claim based on damage to the goods the carrier shall be allowed to inspect the goods, the shipping container(s) and packing material. The carrier shall not be liable for damages if the right of inspection is not given.
4. The carrier shall be liable damages to cargo, for indirect or consequential damage, for loss of use, loss of profits, but not for punitive damages.
5. These Conditions shall be governed by the laws of the province of Canada where the goods originate where compulsorily applicable. In all other cases, including carriage from the U.S.A., by accepting the services provided under these Conditions, the Customer irrevocably attorns to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Province of Ontario and to the exclusive laws of Ontario. The parties enter into this agreement pursuant to 49 U.S.C.
§14101(b)(1) and expressly waive, to the extent permitted by law, all rights and remedies under Title 49 U.S.C., Subtitle IV, Part B to the extent that they conflict with this Agreement. ©FERNANDES HEARN LLP 2019
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Could you represent the stages of human consciousness with a diagram? In the late 19th century, New Zealand psychologist Benjamin Betts tried to apply mathematics to the problem of visualizing human consciousness. What he produced were striking, almost floral designs that he believed represented the shape of out consciousness for a given activity.
Maria Popova of Brain Pickings came across these images in the 1887 book Geometrical psychology, or, The science of representation, an abstract of the theories and diagrams of B. W. Betts, edited by Louisa Cook and available on Open Library. In his metaphysical explorations, Betts attempted to represent the successive stages of the evolution of human consciousness with symbolic mathematical forms; he was quite pleased to find that his mathematical representations frequently resulted in plant-like forms, taking this to mean that he was on the track to some universal representation of consciousness. Incidentally, he also believed that human consciousness was the only thing that we as humans could study directly since everything else must necessarily be perceived through human consciousness.
While Betts methods and illustrations seem ultimately abstract, there is something appealing about his diagrams. We can almost imagine how a student of metaphysics might make perfect sense out of one state of consciousness working like a petalled bowl and another like a deep and narrowing funnel.


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In the ordinary course of statutory interpretation researchers can usually rely on the plain meaning of the text in hand to identify the statute's intent. However, there are times when the text of a statute can be complicated and/or ambiguous. In that case, the legislative history of a statute can be relevant in determining the legislature's intent at enactment. The types of documents generated during the legislative process can include, inter alia, alternative bills, committee reports, committee hearings, committee prints, and debates. Locating those materials can be very time consuming – unless they have been previously compiled and published. A compiled legislative history, therefore, can save the researcher an enormous amount of time by pulling all the relevant materials together.
This research guide lists compiled legislative histories held by the Chastek Library in print form (check the Other Sources tab for microform and electronic compiled legislative histories).
Chastek Library, Gonzaga University School of Law | 721 N. Cincinnati St. Spokane, WA 99220-3528 | _PHONE_


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Gatön Ngawang Lekpa Series
Holding the oceanic treasury of the profound and secret aural lineage
Of the lords of speech, Mañjughoṣas of the Sakya tradition,
You are without equal in creating a feast of excellent explanation,
Glorious guru, at your feet I pray!
Texts by and about the Sakya lama Gatön Ngawang Lekpa (sga ston ngag dbang legs pa, 1867–1941) of Tharlam Monastery, one of the foremost Lamdré (lam 'bras) teachers of recent times:
This short light offering prayer (mar me'i smon lam) by Gatön Ngawang Lekpa, which is commonly recited in the Sakya tradition, encourages the practitioner to visualize a lamp that is as vast as the universe and that shines with the light of a billion suns, as the basis for infinite 'offering-clouds'.
Long Life Prayers
In these five verses, Ngawang Lekpa praises the body, speech, mind, qualities and activity of Ga Rabjampa, the great scholar and founder of Tharlam Monastery. The author incorporates the syllables of the master's name, Kunga Yeshe (meaning total joy and wisdom), into every verse.


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Visualizing 1 + 1/x
Date: 10/10/2003 at 21:25:38 From: Mary Subject: logic How can I show that the sum of a positive number and its reciprocal is at least two?
Date: 10/11/2003 at 06:06:27 From: Doctor Luis Subject: Re: logic Hi Mary, Adding a positive number x > 0 and its reciprocal 1/x gives you the function f(x) = x + 1/x If you're familiar with calculus, you can see that solving for the extrema points gives you f'(x) = 1 - 1/x^2 = 0 1 = 1/x^2 x^2 = 1 x = 1 (reject negative root since x > 0) Since f"(x) = 2/x^3 is positive for x>0, we know that f(x) is concave upward. This means that the critical point x=1 gives you a minimum. This minimum value is f(1) = 1 + 1/1 = 2. In the following diagram, I've graphed the two functions y = x + 1/x and y = 2. Even if you are not familiar with calculus maybe you can follow the following chain of reasoning: The square of any nonzero real number is positive. As an inspired guess, pick x-1 as the real number to be squared. Then, (x-1)^2 >= 0 (True for all x. Equality holds only for x=1.) x^2 - 2x + 1 >= 0 x^2 + 1 >= 2x Now, let x > 0, since we are only interested in positive numbers. This means that 1/x > 0 too. So, we can multiply by 1/x without reversing the sign of our inequality: (1/x)*(x^2 + 1) >= (1/x)*(2x) x + 1/x >= 2 This proves that the sum of x > 0 and its reciprocal 1/x adds up to at least 2. I hope this helped! Let us know if you have any more questions. - Doctor Luis, The Math Forum _URL_
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Just what causes the ups and downs in natural
Shared by: iyl22985
PRICE VOLATILITY IN THE NATURAL GAS MARKET – "WHAT ARE THE FACTORS?" February 28, 2003 Just what causes the ups and downs in natural gas prices? What are the factors anyway? Sometimes it's just one thing and at other times it's a mix. CGA provides this briefing to help you understand some of the reasons for natural gas pricing. Ottawa (February 28, 2003) – The commodity price of natural gas is determined in the marketplace and is not regulated. There is a single North American market for natural gas. The key factors that affect the price of natural gas include supply, demand and storage levels in North American gas markets. Typically, prices increase during the winter months when demand is greater and decrease during the summer months when demand is lower. Natural gas prices are also influenced by oil prices to the extent that there is competition between oil and gas, particularly in industrial markets and electric utility markets (fuel to produce electricity). While commodity prices are not regulated, the price negotiated between a local distribution company (LDC) and its suppliers must be authorized at the provincial level. Not only that but LDCs are not allowed to make any profit on the sale of the gas itself. What's going on today? The graph below illustrates how the recent volatility in natural gas prices and the price spike of 2000 translate to a monthly average commodity price. While there certainly is daily volatility in the market place – as we've seen in the last week of February – on average the price is for all intents and purposes seasonally cyclical. The colder than normal winter we have been experiencing in Canada and the U.S. has caused greater than normal natural gas usage. For instance so far this winter in central Canada, it's been 14% colder than a normal winter. Compare this to last winter where it was in fact 16% warmer than normal, and it's understandable why demand for natural gas is high. While long-term supplies of natural gas are abundant, supplies from conventional basins are declining. Natural gas delivery and storage systems have been running at full capacity to keep up with the increased demand this winter. This has resulted in very low natural gas storage levels in Canada as LDCs successfully manage the huge draw on their pipeline and storage systems. A decrease in drilling activity in 2002 has somewhat compounded the problem. Therefore, since pressure on demand has been greater than supply during this heating season, there's been a corresponding upward pressure on the price of the commodity. The American Gas Association (AGA) gave testimony at a Senate Energy Committee hearing on "Natural Gas Supply and Prices" this week (February 25) wherein they stated that the relationship between natural gas supply and prices is at a critical crossroads. Their contention is that in North America, we need to ensure strong supplies of natural gas in order to dampen some of the volatility of wholesale gas markets. CGA agrees with the AGA assessment and expands on this by pointing out that natural gas prices are tied to market forces like all commodities but that the North American market is so diversified that no-one stakeholder can dictate the price. Consumers and suppliers respond to market signals and when those signals indicate overwhelmingly that supplies are tight – for whatever reasons – then price spikes occur. Witness the signals sent by recent world events relating to the Middle East, Venezuela plus the recent oil transfer station explosion on the U.S. east coast that have caused increases in the price of oil. While oil pricing is a function of world markets and natural gas is more or less a function of the North American market, there's certainly a link between the two commodities as heating fuels and the corresponding differential price. Therefore, as oil prices increase, there is some upward economic or financial pressure on the price of natural gas. These circumstances have all combined to signal a squeeze on supplies and when that happens, fundamentals of supply and demand economics kick in and the price goes up. Going Forward Fortunately, we are nearing the end of the heating season, and it's expected that consumer demand will ease up correspondingly. However, what effect this will have on the commodity price of natural gas is difficult to predict, as there will still be pressure on natural gas delivery systems to refill depleted storage during the off-heating season. That's why it's so important for government to create the right regulatory climate allowing natural gas transmission and distribution companies to expand their infrastructure in a fair and equitable manner. This will go a long way to ensure that strong supplies of natural gas will indeed dampen the volatility we are seeing today. It's also important to know that CGA member companies successfully operate their transmission and distribution systems to manage the impacts of high demand on supply. They also actively participate in and promote programs that help customers manage their energy bills such as energy efficiency and customer education programs. Finally, it's important to know that clean, reliable and environmentally friendly natural gas – known as a hydrogen carrier – continues to be your most economical energy choice. Natural gas is the best alternative fuel source for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and is the bridge to renewables and sustainability. For more information or to find out how your local natural gas distribution company is working to serve you better, please contact _EMAIL_.


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- About Us
- Act Now
- Corporate Volunteer Opportunities
- The Bay vs. The Bag
- Take Action
- Learn and Explore
- Restoration Education Programs
- Teacher Resources
- Explore the Virtual Marsh
- Play Battle for the Bay
- Wetland Restoration
- Stopping Bay Fill
- Pollution Prevention
- About The Bay
Save The Bay Educates Thousands Of Bay Area Students, Seeks Hundreds Of Volunteers To Plant 30,000 Seedlings This Winter
Healthy Wetlands Protect Communities from Sea-level Rise and Provide Habitat for Wildlife
Oakland, CA - Mon Nov 28, 2011 -
Save The Bay – the largest regional organization working to protect and restore San Francisco Bay – is thrilled to announce new opportunities for students and community members to help restore San Francisco Bay for generations to come through its volunteer and education programs. Formed in 1961, this year Save The Bay celebrates a half century as the Bay's leading champion, while focusing on the next 50 years of protecting and restoring our great natural treasure.
This month, Save This Bay is kicking off its annual winter planting season with an ambitious goal to plant 30,000 native seedlings at several shoreline sites around the Bay. The organization seeks hundreds of volunteers of all ages to participate in this effort as planting during the wet winter season ensures that the young plants, such as California poppy, sticky monkey flower and lupines have the water they need to grow and thrive.
The non-profit, which has been leading environmental education field trips on the Bay for over a decade, also recently launched three new programs to further engage local students and teachers in critical hands-on shoreline wetland restoration.
"We are particularly excited about this planting season because we will be implementing newly designed techniques to restore more wetland habitat than ever before," said Save The Bay Habitat Restoration Director, Darcie Collins Ph.D. "Plus, our new and innovative youth programs will increase leadership, stewardship, and science investigation for local students and bolster our efforts to restore wetlands at the same time."
Wetlands Are Vital Habitat
Wetlands are home to many endangered species, such as the California clapper rail and salt marsh harvest mouse. They keep the Bay healthy by filtering runoff pollution to improve water quality. Additionally, they act as a sponge, providing flood control when water levels are high and create a protective buffer for communities threatened by rising sea levels associated with climate change. Tidal salt marshes also capture and store carbon from greenhouse gases in the air efficiently and effectively, helping to counter global warming.
As a result of development and fill, only ten percent of the Bay's original wetlands remain. Yet, scientists say the Bay needs 100,000 acres of healthy wetlands to maintain a sustainable eco-system. Save The Bay is working toward this goal by stopping inappropriate shoreline development and protecting, restoring and enhancing vital wetland habitat around the Bay.
Save The Bay Expands Restoration Education Programs
Save The Bay educates the next generation of environmental stewards through hands-on, science-based habitat restoration programs that engage students with field science and service-learning projects that also promote civic engagement, eco-literacy, youth empowerment and leadership. Save The Bay launched three new Restoration Education Programs in September and already over 500 students have been enrolled in the following programs:
- SEED (Students Engaging in Ecological Design): An ecological stewardship program engaging middle and high school students in the complete cycle of tidal marsh restoration in the San Francisco Bay, from seeds to ecosystems.
- DIRT (Digging Into Restoration Technology): A science-based program engaging middle and high school students in experimental design, soil science, data analysis and adaptive restoration of tidal marsh and upland habitat in the San Francisco Bay.
- BEST (Bay Environmental Stewardship Training): An environmental leadership program that trains upper level high school students to be educators and mentors for younger learners in the field of ecological restoration.
"Through Save The Bay's programs my students have developed an awareness of their connection to the Bay, as well as an understanding that they are not helpless, even as young people," said Myra Vallianos, an eighth grade teacher at E.C. Reems Academy of Technology and Arts in Oakland. "Additionally, many students who struggle at school shine in this "outdoor classroom" – they work well with peers and demonstrate true dedication to the restoration work."
How to Volunteer
Save The Bay is in particular need of volunteers for its Solstice Planting Days from December 13th – 18th. Corporations and community groups are also encouraged to sign up for private, weekday volunteer opportunities. Save The Bay encourages local groups to join VMware, the W Hotel San Francisco, Bayer, Polycom, and Animation Mentor, who have already scheduled private restoration programs for this winter.
Interested businesses can learn more at _URL_
Individuals interested in volunteering for a public weekend event can visit _URL_ All volunteer restoration programs are free, but an RSVP is required.
Save The Bay is seeking volunteers to help out at the following sites:
- Ravenswood Pond in Menlo Park is an integral piece of the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project – the largest wetlands restoration project on the West Coast. This unique Pond is managed for nesting habitat for endangered and sensitive species and provides unique bird-watching opportunities for residents. As the only organization restoring habitat at this site, Save The Bay makes it possible for volunteers to learn about the importance of salt pond restoration, as well as native plants and wildlife.
- Eden Landing Ecological Reserve in Hayward/Union City is a 6,000-acre complex of former salt ponds that is also part of the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project. Restoring the wetlands here will provide local recreational opportunities for residents and habitat for endangered shorebirds, waterfowl, and fish. Volunteers will continue to plant native seedlings and remove invasive weeds in upland transition zones to ensure the area is prepared to flourish on its own once all the planned breaches have been completed.
- The Faber-Laumeister Tract in East Palo Alto, part of the Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge, is one of the oldest wetland restoration projects in the San Francisco Bay. It provides food and shelter for thousands of native plants and animals every year, including the endangered California Clapper Rail and salt marsh harvest mouse, and is also some of the only shoreline open space available to East Palo Alto residents.
- The Palo Alto Baylands Nature Preserve and its marshes are located adjacent to a highly populated urban area, providing a natural space for residents to recreate, view wildlife, and learn about San Francisco Bay. Save The Bay recently completed a new greenhouse at this site that has significantly increased the organization's capacity to grow native seedlings for planting at this site and others.
- Another urban wetland – the Martin Luther King Jr. Shoreline – has some of the last remaining natural tidal marsh in the East Bay. Five major creeks flow into this 50-acre marsh, providing important sanctuary for a variety of animals, including burrowing owls and the endangered California clapper rail. Save The Bay continues to expand into new areas to connect the different habitats within the entire marsh area, creating a much larger refuge for wildlife. The MLK Jr. Shoreline also hosts a native plant nursery.
About Save The Bay
Save The Bay is the largest regional organization working to protect and restore San Francisco Bay. Formed in 1961, Save The Bay is celebrating 50 years as the Bay's leading champion, protecting our natural treasure from pollution and inappropriate shoreline development; restoring habitat; and securing strong policies to re-establish 100,000 acres of wetlands that are essential for a healthy Bay. We engage more than 25,000 supporters, advocates and volunteers to protect the Bay, and inspire the next generation of environmental leaders by educating thousands of students annually. Save The Bay is proud to have achieved this impressive milestone and remains dedicated to making the Bay cleaner and healthier for people and wildlife. _URL_
Save The Bay's Site Partners
Save The Bay's volunteer projects are made possible through partnerships with local, state, and federal resource agencies with the goal of engaging student and community volunteers in wetland restoration. Partners include:
- Eden Landing Ecological Reserve: California Department of Fish and Game _URL_
- Palo Alto Baylands Nature Preserve: City of Palo Alto _URL_
- Martin Luther King Jr. Shoreline: East Bay Regional Park District _URL_
- Ravenswood Pond: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service _URL_
Amy Ricard, Media Relations Manager


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This paper revisits the authors' notion of a differential category from a different perspective. A differential category is an additive symmetric monoidal category with a comonad (a "coalgebra modality") and a differential combinator. The morphisms of a differential category should be thought of as the linear maps; the differentiable or smooth maps would then be morphisms of the coKleisli category. The purpose of the present paper is to directly axiomatize differentiable maps and thus to move the emphasis from the linear notion to structures resembling the coKleisli category. The result is a setting with a more evident and intuitive relationship to the familiar notion of calculus on smooth maps. Indeed a primary example is the category whose objects are Euclidean spaces and whose morphisms are smooth maps.
A Cartesian differential category is a Cartesian left additive category which possesses a Cartesian differential operator. The differential operator itself must satisfy a number of equations, which guarantee, in particular, that the differential of any map is '"linear" in a suitable sense.
We present an analysis of the basic properties of Cartesian differential categories. We show that under modest and natural assumptions, the coKleisli category of a differential category is Cartesian differential. Finally we present a (sound and complete) term calculus for these categories which allows their structure to be analysed using essentially the same language one might use for traditional multi-variable calculus.
Keywords: monoidal categories, differential categories, Kleisli categories, differential operators
2000 MSC: 18D10,18C20,12H05,32W99
Theory and Applications of Categories,
Vol. 22, 2009,
No. 23, pp 622-672.


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History of The Submariner's Dolphins
On 13 June 1923, Captain E.J. King, Commander, Submarine Division Three (later Fleet Admiral and Commander in Chief, U.S. Fleet, during WW II), suggested to the Secretary of the Navy (Bureau of Navigation) that a distinguishing device for qualified submariners be adopted. He submitted a pen-and-ink sketch of his own showing a shield mounted on the beam ends of a submarine, with dolphins forward of, and abaft, the conning tower. The suggestion was strongly endorsed by Commander Submarine Division Atlantic. Over the next several months the Bureau of Navigation (now known as BuPers) solicited additional designs from several sources. Some combined a submarine with a shark motif. Others showed submarines and dolphins, and still others used a shield design. A Philadelphia firm, which had done work for the Navy in the field of Naval Academy class rings, was approached by the Bureau of Navigation with the request that it design a suitable badge. Two designs were submitted by the firm, and these were combined into a single design. This design was executed in bas-relief in clay. It was a bow view of a submarine, proceeding on the surface, with bow planes rigged for diving, flanked by dolphins in a horizontal position with their heads resting on the upper edge of the bow planes. Today a similar design is used: a dolphin fish flanking the bow and conning tower of a submarine. On 20 March 1924, the Chief of the Bureau of Navigation recommended to the Secretary of the Navy that the design be adopted. The recommendation was accepted by Theodore Roosevelt, Jr., Acting Secretary of the Navy. His acceptance is dated March 1924.
The submarine insignia was to be worn at all times by officers and men qualified in submarine duty attached to submarine units or organizations, ashore and afloat, and not to be worn when not attached. In 1941 the Uniform Regulations were modified to permit officers and men qualified who were eligible to wear the submarine insignia after they had been assigned to other duties in the naval service, unless such right had been revoked.
The officers' insignia was a bronze, gold plated metal pin, worn centered above the left breast pocket and above the ribbons and medals. Enlisted men wore the insignia, embroidered in silk, white silk for blue clothing and blue silk for white clothing. This was sewn on the outside of the right sleeve, midway between the wrist and elbow. The device was two and three-quarters inches long. In 1943, the Uniform Regulations were modified to provide that "Enlisted men, who are qualified and subsequently promoted to commissioned or warrant ranks, may wear enlisted submarine insignia on the left breast until they qualify as submarine officers, at which time this insignia would be replaced by the officers' submarine pin." In mid-1947, the embroidered device shifted from the sleeve of the enlisted men's jumper to above the left breast pocket. A change to the Uniform Regulations dated 21 September 1950 authorized the embroidered insignia for officers (in addition to the pin-on insignia) and a bronze, silver plated, pin-on insignia for enlisted men (in addition to the embroidered device).
Only a submariner realizes to what great extent an entire ship depends on him as an individual. To a landsman this is not understandable, and sometimes it is even difficult for us to comprehend, but it is so!
A submarine at sea is a different world in herself, and in consideration of the protracted and distant operations of submarines, the Navy must place responsibility and trust in the hands of those who take such ships to sea.
In each submarine there are men who, in the hour of emergency or peril at sea, can turn to each other. These men are ultimately responsible to themselves and each to the other for all aspects of operation of their submarine. They are the crew. They are the ship.
This is perhaps the most difficult and demanding assignment in the Navy. There is not an instant during his tour as a submariner that he can escape the grasp of responsibility. His privileges in view of his obligations are almost ludicrously small, nevertheless, it is the spur which has given the Navy its greatest mariners: the men of the Submarine Service.
It is a duty, which most richly deserves the proud and time-honored title of…"SUBMARINER"


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Maternal-fetal conflict during placental malaria: hypertension, trophoblast sVEGFR1 expression and maternal inflammation
Muehlenbachs, Atis, 1977-
MetadataShow full item record
The maternal-fetal relationship is hypothesized to be in genetic conflict over nutrient allocation. Fetal mechanisms that elevate maternal blood pressure increase blood flow to the placenta, nourishing the fetus. This relationship becomes pathological during hypertensive diseases in pregnancy, such as preeclampsia. During placental malaria, a third organism, Plasmodium falciparum, occupies the maternal side of the placenta, and maternal inflammation ensues which results in low birth weight. Both placental malaria and preeclampsia are more common during first pregnancies. This dissertation examines the maternal fetal relationship during placental malaria, specifically regarding maternal blood pressure. Chapter 1 is a review of the literature. Chapter 2 presents the epidemiology of placental malaria and hypertension based on data collected from the Mother Offspring Malaria Project in Muheza, Tanzania. Chapter 3 presents data that placental malaria involves vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its soluble inhibitor sVEGFR1, a preeclampsia biomarker. Chapter 4 characterizes the maternal inflammatory response in placental malaria, and finds correlation with sVEGFR1 expression.In summation these chapters present data that hypertension occurs in first time mothers with chronic placental malaria, and that genetic conflict occurs between mother and fetus during placental malaria, whereby maternal macrophages in the placenta express the proinflammatory mediator VEGF, and the fetal trophoblast expresses its soluble inhibitor sVEGFR1. Because placental inflammation causes poor fetal outcomes, fetal mechanisms that promote sVEGFR1 expression may be under selective pressure in malaria endemic areas, particularly during first pregnancies, and may have influenced the evolution of preeclampsia.


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Excavations at New Bunhill Fields, Southwark in 2008 uncovered evidence of a heavily used private burial ground. Documentary sources suggest that from c 1821–53 up to 33,000 burials may have taken place in the commercial Nonconformist burial ground. Excavation of 827 wooden coffin burials allowed comparisons of the use of the burial ground, coffin furniture and burial finds with other contemporary cemeteries. Of particular interest were the good level of preservation of floral remains in a child's coffin, ceramic plates in a woman's coffin and good examples of burial clothing. The 514 skeletons selected for full osteological analysis, demonstrated a broad spectrum of pathological conditions including evidence of metabolic, infectious, congenital and neoplastic diseases. Evidence of trauma suggested high rates of interpersonal violence and eight skeletons showed signs of post-mortem examination. One adult male displayed a particularly striking case of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (cancer) with massive destruction of the central facial area of the skull. Another condition rarely encountered in the archaeological record was a case of osteogenesis imperfecta identified in an 18 month old child. This evidence will help provide information about life and death in this area of 19th-century London.
Next up is the much anticipated bioarchaeological study of the medieval burials from Spitalfields Market.
Major excavations in _PHONE_ on the site of the Augustinian priory and hospital of St Mary Spital uncovered the remains of over 10,500 human skeletons. Unprecedented accuracy of dating and phasing of the cemetery was achieved using a targeted programme of stratigraphic and radiocarbon dating techniques, resulting in four chronological periods of burials. Osteological analysis of a sample of 5387 skeletons has provided a unique insight into the lives of medieval Londoners from the 12th to the early 16th centuries. Many of the skeletons showed evidence of disease and injury including some of the earliest cases of syphilis in Europe. The results of this major project are integrated into a biocultural framework, which includes the recurrent famines and epidemics of the time, effects of urban living on child health, the role and influence of the hospital and the reasons behind the mass burial of almost 4000 people.
For more information and to order any Museum of London Archaeology publications go to:


I'm currently working on this project and I have a basic structural analyzer that uses the finite element method. Essentially, I turn each block into a set of trusses, construct a stiffness matrix relating each truss's force to each other, and feed it into Matlab.
The next task is for me to speed it up, ideally by using some GPU acceleration. Since Matlab does not yet support spare matrix computations in the GPU, I'm looking into the other libraries available. One approach I'm considering taking is to use CULA Sparse's solvers to speed things up. But there are also a multitude of finite element software packages that may do a better job, and save me the performance overhead of constructing matrices and retrieving results.
What I'm wondering is, which of these finite element software packages is right for me? That's a hard question, so here are a few qualifiers, in order of importance:
 - It's part of a program, so a library is preferred over a complete modelling package.
 - Established and well-documented
 - GPU acceleration
 - Easy-to-use
 - It should quickly compute results for relatively small data sets (solve a 10,000 element system in about a second)
 - The price for a student should be under $300.
 - An interface in both Java and C.
Does anyone have a recommendation? Or would it be better to go forward with my CULA idea?
Edit: Jed Brown requested that I give the computation I'm making in more detail. I am not a civil engineer, but I spoke with one about the possibility of a making a structural analysis system that would look and feel good. I already have a prototype. Here's how it works.
 1. Within the setting of a game like Minecraft, a subroutine targets some contiguous region of blocks R to be tested. The program creates a truss mesh out of the region of blocks, and assigns a weight to each node in the mesh (based on how heavy the blocks would be). There are base nodes bordering the region.
 2. From this mesh, the program makes a wide stiffness matrix T and a weight vector w. From there, it needs to solve the equation Tf = w, where f, the unknown, is a vector indicating the forces exerted by each truss and base node. In other words, a row of T dictates how the truss and base forces add up to counteract the weights of the nodes.
 3. Currently, my program solves this by solving the equation TT'u=b using a conjugate gradient solver, then getting f = T'u.
 4. Once I have the forces on each of the trusses, I can determine which blocks break under the strain. Rather than using a detailed deformation model, I just have each block if one of its comprising trusses exerts a force beyond a threshold.
Because my structural analysis system is to be used in a game, and not a serious engineering context, speed is much more important than accuracy. A lot of the work in making this will consist of tweaking variables in order to give the game a good feel.
 - $\begingroup$ There are a great many finite element libraries out there, and any number of them are in fact open source and free. However, most of them are written in C++ (some have Python interfaces) and only a very small number have GPU acceleration. Can you rank how important each of your requirements are to you? $\endgroup$ – Wolfgang Bangerth Apr 7 '14 at 0:20
 - $\begingroup$ Edited my post. $\endgroup$ – Chris Conlon Apr 7 '14 at 1:03
 - 3
 $\begingroup$ Why is "GPU acceleration" on your list? If a CPU-only version can solve 1M elements in under a second, would it matter that it doesn't need a GPU to do that? Would you rather have a "GPU accelerated" package that solves your problems much slower than a CPU-only version? (This is not a contrived question; you usually need quite large problem sizes before a GPU has a chance of being faster than a similar class CPU.) What kind of problems do you intend to solve (poisson, elasticity, CFD)? What solvers (e.g., multigrid) would you like to use? Unstructured grids? Adaptivity? $\endgroup$ – Jed Brown Apr 7 '14 at 5:36
 - $\begingroup$ I'm pretty inexperienced with scientific computation, but I edited my post to give some details. I tried to give as good of an answer as I could. I think it's an elasticity problem... Why GPU? Because I am doing something akin to a real-time simulation, so it's always better if I can do larger/faster computations. I found that my problem can be expressed as a sparse linear algebra problem, which can be more quickly solved with a GPU. Do FEM problems benefit from a specialized solver? I doubt that I'll need to use multigrid or anything that breaks the problem down into smaller chunks. $\endgroup$ – Chris Conlon Apr 7 '14 at 20:09
There are plenty of finite element libraries out there that satisfy most of your criteria. In no particular order, I would mention deal.II (my own project), libMesh, and FEniCS. All three are large, are libraries, are well documented, are well established with large user bases. All three are actively maintained and are about as fast as you would a general purpose library to be. All will solve elasticity equations. All are free of charge.
The criteria you probably won't be able to meet using any of the established projects (the three above as well as the second tier ones) are:
 - In scientific computing, we have been using C++ for quite a long time. All three of the libraries above are written in C++ (though FEniCS has a Python interface) and this is generally true for many of the other libraries as well.
 - They do not directly use GPUs. Some of them have interfaces to solver libraries that can use GPUs to accelerate computations, but even in those cases, the evidence that doing this on GPUs is faster is not really conclusive. The evidence that it is incredibly more difficult and non-portable is very conclusive, though.
 - $\begingroup$ This is a very helpful answer. C++ is no problem. Now, what's the advantage of using this over a linear algebra library? I have already written code that constructs my matrices. $\endgroup$ – Chris Conlon Apr 8 '14 at 7:55
 - $\begingroup$ The advantage with finite element libraries is not that they make the first implementation of the very simplest problems easier. It is that the effort to go from the very simplest problems to very complex ones (nonlinear, large scale, higher order finite elements, adaptive meshes) is barely higher than doing the first implementation. So it boils down to where you want to go from here. $\endgroup$ – Wolfgang Bangerth Apr 9 '14 at 10:49
Since you want your program to be embedded in a game, something like a physics engine for structures, a good idea is to use an explicit FEM. Something similar to this simulations done with Verlet algorithm.
The explicit FEM can be really fast if you can have a structured mesh, because in that way all the stiffness matrices for the elements are the same (you can compute it once). You can, actually, compute it analytically and hard code it in the program. The reason for the speed is that you don't need to solve a system of equations. Using the Verlet integration --and lumped mass matrices-- you just have to compute
$$u^{(t+1)}_i = 2 u^{(t)}_i - u^{(t-1)}_i + \frac{F_i \Delta t^2}{M_{ii}} \enspace.$$
Your target size of 10,000 degrees of freedom should be easy to meet without embedding an entire FEM library (which may anyway be hard to do, as others have pointed out), and in much less than a second. Assuming that solving the system is your current bottleneck and not assembling it (check this first), I would recommend you to use any of the existing and free direct solvers for large sparse systems. Some pointers:
Also, if you use, say, the Eigen linear algebra library, it comes with some sparse direct solvers already built-in, so you wouldn't even need to link to an external library. These may be a bit slower than the specialized libraries linked to above, but easier and faster to get started with.
I'll suggest an FE library that is less well known than those previously mentioned. It is not as sophisticated as those but may satisfy your requirements. It is reasonably well documented and because it is simple, it is also easier to use, modify, and understand.
The library/code is FeaTure
You say you are more interested in speed than accuracy. However, as a long-time stress analyst, I can say that it is not straightforward to represent a solid continuum (like a concrete wall) as a collection of truss elements. So I think you are on the right track in looking for an FE library that includes continuum elasticity elements rather than trying to build your own from low-level linear algebra components.
Sparselizard (_URL_) is new but robust, rather general and can solve easily your elasticity problems with millions of unknown in 2D and hundreds of thousands in 3D on


R that would match a tuple of S if joined, i.e., \(R \ltimes S \Leftrightarrow R \bowtie _{{\varvec{X}}} \pi _{{\varvec{X}}} ( S )\).
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 8. 8.
 Predicate introduction can be applied not only if FDs are present, but also if correlations [85] or algebraic constraints [18] exist which are not considered in this work.
 9. 9.
 Not all systems assume uniformity for all values. For example, PostgreSQL assumes uniform value distributions only for all values inside each histogram bucket [120].
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 Note that is not sufficient for this optimization, because the comparator \(\prec \) imposes only a partial order. Therefore, \({\varvec{Y}}\) would still be needed to impose a clear order on tuples with the same \({\varvec{X}}\) values.
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 This optimization benefits from an engine supporting the simultaneous computation of MIN and MAX with a single scan.
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ginger tea or adding ginger powder to your food or beverages is another way to get ginger into your diet.
-Epsom salt: Add some to your bath and soak in it.
Why it works: It helps pull toxins from your body. Furthermore, it is anti-inflammatory and stress reducing due to the magnesium content, which can help reduce the pain and swelling of an inflamed gallbladder. For Epsom salt baths, typically 1 to 2 cups is adequate for a standard bath tub.
-Turmeric: fresh grated or dried
Why it works: It increase bile flow, helps with digestion, and aids in reducing inflammation in the gallbladder. When pregnant, it should only be taken in small amounts since it can cause uterine contractions that can start labor prematurely. As long as it is just added to season food, it is considered safe in pregnancy.
Sources: _URL_
-Iron: from iron-rich foods, supplementation, or both
Why it works: Iron actually plays a role in enzyme metabolism. If you aren't getting enough iron, this can cause hepatic enzymes to not be properly metabolized, which ups your chances of gallstones. Several studies have been done demonstrating this. My midwife recommended taking Floradix during pregnancy because it is not constipating and is more readily absorbed: Floradix Iron & Vitamin Formula Liquid 250ml
-Omega 3: through supplements and foods rich in Omega 3
Why it works: Omega 3 is a healthy fat that ACTUALLY encourages the gallbladder to function better, thereby reducing gallbladder pain and gallbladder attacks. I personally like this supplement best: BLOOM – BETTER THAN FISH OIL! Burp-Less Algae Vegan Omega 3 DHA EPA Supplement. Supports Heart, Brain, Joint, Prenatal & Immune System. No Carrageenan. Potent, Natural & Pure. 60 Liquid Capsules. However, you can get Omega 3's by eating foods rich in them, such as fatty fish like wild caught Alaskan salmon, avocados, and chia seeds.
Source: _URL_
-Foot reflexology: (middle of foot approximately)
My daughter's feet, NOT MINE. Let's face it, kids have cute feet, and adults…not so much.
Why it works: The theory behind reflexology is that certain organs and muscle groups correspond with specific areas on the foot due to nerve endings from organs and muscle groups in the foot. Those areas are massaged to facilitate relaxation, improved circulation, and support the function of the organ/muscle group. Thus far, few studies have been done on whether this truly is beneficial beyond relaxation. That being said, there is no harm in trying it. Look up images of foot reflexology charts and start massaging your foot where the gallbladder region is located.
Source: _URL_
Here is an exciting photo of me pushing my youngest in the stroller for exercise. I know, mom life is SO exciting. Hey, it IS exercise so that is what counts at the end of the day, right?
Why it works: Exercise aids in digestion and fat burning. When your gallbladder isn't working right, exercise TRULY becomes critical. It doesn't have to be an intense workout. A simple 20 to 30 minute walk around the neighborhood 3 to 5 times a week is sufficient. If you are able to, try going for a 15 to 20 minute walk shortly after a meal. It truly makes a difference!
-Vitamin D: SUNLIGHT!
Why it works: Vitamin D provides incredible immune support. Studies have even linked a deficiency of Vitamin D with an increased chance of gallstones. So, go sit in the sun for 15 to 20 minutes a few times a week with your belly exposed to the rays of the sun. Of course, you can take a supplement too (like if you live in an area that doesn't have many sunny days), but the sun is really the best source if your able to be in the sun for a bit. Plus, the sun is free, so bonus points for that! That being said, I recognize that there are those that can't be in the sun due to being fair-skinned or having certain skin conditions or skin cancer risk factors. If you're one of those people, or if you live in an area that is lacking in sunlight days, forget what I said about the sun being awesome and try this supplement instead that has a high amount of Vitamin D: Garden of Life mykind Organic Plant Calcium – Vegan Whole Food Supplement with D3 and K2, Gluten Free, 90 Tablets
Why it works: If you DO have a meal that has some fat, eating lots of fiber (specifically soluble fiber) helps counteract it. Increased fiber has been found to increase the amount of fat secreted in a bowel movement, so your body doesn't absorb it and upset your gallbladder. Hooray! Basically, this is a good weight loss tip too.
-Eat a healthy, whole foods, plant based diet
Why it works: This ties in with the fiber tip because if you are eating a whole foods plant based diet you are eating a high fiber diet. Not only that, it's naturally low fat. Plus, whole plant foods are rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that aid your body in healing itself and reducing pain and inflammation. Wonderful things to eat when your having gallbladder trouble are whole grains, beans, lentils, vegetables, and fruits. My doctor said turkey or chicken meat without the skin was fine to eat too. If you feel like your not getting enough protein, try supplementing with a vegan protein shake, like this (my personal favorite): Garden of Life Greens and Protein Powder – Organic Raw Protein and Greens with Probiotics/Enzymes, Vegan, Gluten-Free, Vanilla, 19.3oz (1lb 3 oz/548g) Powder
-Avoid dairy products and red meat
Why it works: Even if you find some "low-fat" versions of these products, avoid them as best as you can. These foods are all pro-inflammatory foods and are often culprits in causing gallstones to develop. You might find them delicious, but they are death to your gallbladder. Be strong and feast on something else!
-Avoid sugar and simple carbohydrates/processed food: Say 'no' to junk food!
Why it works: These foods increase inflammation and can cause gallstones to develop or grow. Plus, these foods just aren't healthy. I know, I'm repeating information from above. It's important to keep in mind though, just because something is fat-free or low-fat doesn't necessarily mean you should eat it. Be kind to your gallbladder! We only get one.
-Avoid soy products
Why it works: Soy has protease inhibitors that can prevent enzymes from digesting certain proteins. It has phytoestrogens which can mimic the estrogen in the body, causing hormonal imbalance, which has been linked to the development of gallstones. Soy can also prevent the absorption of various minerals and vitamins. Finally, soy consumption has been linked to an increase in gallstones. On the other hand, soy has many benefits, such as being a complete protein and being high in calcium and iron. Soy has even been linked to promoting a healthy heart and helping prevent breast cancer. However, if you're struggling with gallbladder issues, all the research I came across recommended cutting it out of your diet until your gallbladder issues are resolves.
Sources: _URL_
-Avoid caffeinated products
Why it works: Excess caffeine stresses out the gallbladder. I don't think a cup of green tea would hurt (my midwife and other health professionals I talked to said it was fine) but beyond that, use caution. If you notice pain in your gallbladder after having a caffeinated product or beverage it is probably best to just cut it out.
If there is no gall bladder blockage or risk of blockage AND if you're not pregnant, you can also do the following:
-Essential oils: Rosemary and Zendocrin (also contains rosemary) can help cleanse and reduce gallbladder inflammation. However, neither should be used in pregnancy because they can stimulate premature labor contractions.
-Milk thistle: It is used to detoxify the gallbladder. The safety for use in pregnancy is unknown. That being said, if a product has a major detoxifying effect it usually is not recommended during pregnancy.
_URL_ _URL_
-Dandelion root: Although good for the liver and gallbladder, with some claims that it can help pass gallbladder stones, consult with


Using custom elements
One of the key features of the Web Components standard is the ability to create custom elements that encapsulate your functionality on an HTML page, rather than having to make do with a long, nested batch of elements that together provide a custom page feature. This article introduces the use of the Custom Elements API.
Note: Custom elements are supported by default in Firefox, Chrome, and Edge (76). Opera and Safari so far support only autonomous custom elements.
High-level view
The controller of custom elements on a web document is the CustomElementRegistry object — this object allows you to register a custom element on the page, return information on what custom elements are registered, etc.
To register a custom element on the page, you use the CustomElementRegistry.define() method. This takes as its arguments:
 - A DOMString representing the name you are giving to the element. Note that custom element names require a dash to be used in them (kebab-case); they can't be single words.
 - A class object that defines the behavior of the element.
 - Optional An options object containing an extends property, which specifies the built-in element your element inherits from, if any (only relevant to customized built-in elements; see the definition below).
So for example, we can define a custom word-count element like this:
customElements.define('word-count', WordCount, { extends: 'p' });
The element is called word-count, its class object is WordCount, and it extends the element.
A custom element's class object is written using standard ES 2015 class syntax. For example, WordCount is structured like so:
class WordCount extends HTMLParagraphElement {
 constructor() {
 // Always call super first in constructor
 // Element functionality written in here
This is just a simple example, but there is more you can do here. It is possible to define specific lifecycle callbacks inside the class, which run at specific points in the element's lifecycle. For example, connectedCallback is invoked each time the custom element is appended into a document-connected element, while attributeChangedCallback is invoked when one of the custom element's attributes is added, removed, or changed.
You'll learn more about these in the Using the lifecycle callbacks section below.
There are two types of custom elements:
 - Autonomous custom elements are standalone — they don't inherit from standard HTML elements. You use these on a page by literally writing them out as an HTML element. For example , or document.createElement("popup-info").
 - Customized built-in elements inherit from basic HTML elements. To create one of these, you have to specify which element they extend (as implied in the examples above), and they are used by writing out the basic element but specifying the name of the custom element in the is attribute (or property). For example , or document.createElement("p", { is: "word-count" }).
Working through some simple examples
At this point, let's go through some more simple examples to show you how custom elements are created in more detail.
Autonomous custom elements
Let's have a look at an example of an autonomous custom element — (see a live example). This takes an image icon and a text string, and embeds the icon into the page. When the icon is focused, it displays the text in a pop up information box to provide further in-context information.
To begin with, the JavaScript file defines a class called PopUpInfo, which extends the generic HTMLElement class.
class PopUpInfo extends HTMLElement {
 constructor() {
 // Always call super first in constructor
 // write element functionality in here
The preceding code snippet contains the constructor() definition for the class, which always starts by calling super() so that the correct prototype chain is established.
Inside the constructor, we define all the functionality the element will have when an instance of it is instantiated. In this case we attach a shadow root to the custom element, use some DOM manipulation to create the element's internal shadow DOM structure — which is then attached to the shadow root — and finally attach some CSS to the shadow root to style it.
// Create a shadow root
this.attachShadow({mode: 'open'}); // sets and returns 'this.shadowRoot'
// Create (nested) span elements
const wrapper = document.createElement('span');
const icon = wrapper.appendChild(document.createElement('span'));
icon.setAttribute('tabindex', 0);
// Insert icon from defined attribute or default icon
const img = icon.appendChild(document.createElement('img'));
img.src = this.hasAttribute('img')? this.getAttribute('img') : 'img/default.png';
const info = wrapper.appendChild(document.createElement('span'));
// Take attribute content and put it inside the info span
info.textContent = this.getAttribute('data-text');
// Create some CSS to apply to the shadow dom
const style = document.createElement('style');
style.textContent = '.wrapper {' +
// CSS truncated for brevity
// attach the created elements to the shadow DOM
Finally, we register our custom element on the CustomElementRegistry using the define() method we mentioned earlier — in the parameters we specify the element name, and then the class name that defines its functionality:
customElements.define('popup-info', PopUpInfo);
It is now available to use on our page. Over in our HTML, we use it like so:
Note: You can see the full JavaScript source code here.
Internal vs. external styles
In the above example we apply style to the Shadow DOM using a


text:
Medicine LodgeArticle Free Pass
Medicine Lodge, city, seat (1876) of Barber county, southern Kansas, U.S. It lies 70 miles (113 km) west-southwest of Wichita, along the Medicine Lodge River. The site was regarded as sacred by the Kiowa Indians, who erected huts on the banks of the river, which is rich in magnesium sulfate, or Epsom salts; white settlers called these huts "medicine lodges." In 1867 representatives of the Five Tribes of the Plains—the Kiowa, Cheyenne, Comanche, Arapaho, and Kiowa Apache—met there with U.S. commissioners to negotiate a treaty that opened the area to white settlement and railroads and fixed the southern boundary of Kansas. The town was laid out in 1873 and was incorporated as a city in 1879.
The city is now a shipping point for wheat and cattle and is the site of a large gypsum plant based on the nearby Gypsum Hills, a scenic area of canyons, towering mesas, and buttes. Carry Nation (1846–1911), the hatchet-wielding temperance crusader, lived in Medicine Lodge, where in 1899 she attacked her first saloon with an umbrella; her home is preserved as a shrine and museum. A pageant reenacting the peace treaty, combined with an intertribal powwow, is held every three years. Barber State Fishing Lake is nearby. Pop. (2000) 2,193; (2010) 2,009.
What made you want to look up "Medicine Lodge"? Please share what surprised you most...


text:
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Is the licensee's address of record public information?
Yes, a licensee's address of record is public information pursuant to California Code of Regulations Title 16, Division 1, Article 1, Section 3, Notification of Change of Address, Section 5009 of the Business and Professions Code, and the California Public Records Act.
Does the Board provide information about a CPA's education?
No, a consumer is advised to request that information from the licensee.
Does the Board provide what firm the CPA is employed by to consumers?
No, the Board does not maintain that type of information on licensees. Employment situations change so frequently that the Board cannot maintain accurate information.
Exactly what license information is available on the Web License Lookup?
The information available through the Web License Lookup feature is the following public information:
- Licensee / Firm Name.
- Type of License.
- License Number.
- License Status.
- Experience Completed.
- Expiration Date.
- Issue Date.
- Address of Record.
Additionally, the following enforcement actions are available through the Web License Lookup feature:
- Names of licensees for which accusations have been filed and are pending possible enforcement action.
- Summaries of decisions since July 1, 1993, for licenses revoked, surrendered, or placed on long-term probation (beyond three years).
- Summaries for all other enforcement actions within the past seven years.
How do I file a complaint against a licensee?
The Board has developed a standard complaint form to assist complainants in providing the minimum information required before the investigative process can begin. You can fill out and submit the form in the interactive version, or fill out and print the complaint form in PDF format, or call the board office in Sacramento at _PHONE_ to obtain a complaint form.
How do I file a complaint against the Board?
The Citizen Complaint Act of 1997 requires that we provide a method for use by California citizens to comment and/or file complaints about the Board. Follow the link from our Comments/Complaints page to fill out and submit the form in the interactive version, or fill out and print the complaint form in PDF format.
How can I know if there are any complaints against my CPA?
Complaints against licensees are not public records. However, if a complaint results in a citation or discipline against a licensee, the citation or discipline is public record.


text:
A Process to Produce High-Purity Encapsulated Particulates in Large Quantities
Agency / Branch:
DOD / ARMY
This is a proposal to research new methods of coating small particles using a water-based electroplating process. These methods would build upon existing technology, in which small particulates are placed into a metallic-ion-containing electrolyte solution inside an electroplating device. The particulates are repeatedly stirred, allowing sedimentation to occur by gravity until a sedimentation layer of loosely contacted particles is formed on the cathode plate. An electric current is created from the electromotive potential that exists across the anode and cathode plates. The stirring, sedimentation and electroplating processes are performed in sequence. Electroplating is interrupted during the stirring and seminentation steps, and stirring immediately follows electroplating.
Small Business Information at Submission:
FEDERAL TECHNOLOGY GROUP, INC.
Enterprise Professional Center, 235 S. Enterprise Bozeman, MT 59718
Number of Employees: