text:
Role clarity on a project or a major bid is a critical element to success. Along with understanding the big picture and ensuring communication is flowing through the team, it ranks up there as a key priority you should look to establish as you form and develop a high performing team.
In terms of how you achieve role clarity, you will usually bring the key people in to a room for each area of the project or bid and work through the development of a role clarity matrix. The role clarity matrix is a visual representation of all the activities or tasks that are required to be delivered with the appropriate people assigned to support the delivery of these activities. From here, you then look to challenge the draft role clarity matrix around gaps, duplication and whether or not you have each person playing to their strengths. This step is often overlooked despite its importance in ensuring that people and sections of a project or bid are not working in silos or working in a vacuum unclear on how others can assist them in delivering on their role linked to the bigger picture outcomes we are looking to achieve.
The benefits of a role clarity matrix are significant, particularly in the early stages of a project or major bid. These include:
- The building of a self-managed and empowered team through documenting who is doing and responsible for what;
- Better allocation of resources playing to people's strengths;
- Faster team around decision making and authority due to minimised grey areas of role clarity across the team;
- Better accountability culture within the team through no grey areas in the delivery of responsibilities;
- Greater personal confidence for each individual knowing not only their roles and responsibilities but other team members;
- Greater communication across the team as people are encouraged to go to those responsible for activities rather than adopting an up and down check in approach through management; and
- A one team approach to delivery by working together collaboratively.
The benefits as you can see are significant. However, if you wish to take role clarity to the next level, you need to break down role activities between silos and teams where there are many people involved in delivering a responsibility, activity or where teamwork is required around collaboration and communicating what needs to occur. The last thing you want to do is set up a role clarity matrix where people are in conflict with each other to undertake a task. It is also challenging to address situations where no responsibility is taken for tasks or activities that require consultation or involvement from others to be successfully delivered. For this to be achieved, you need utilise tools like the RACI model which sets very clear expectations of the people involved in your bid or project from the start.
The RACI model allows you to break the role clarity matrix down to the sub-elements of each role around who is:
- Responsible – The person doing the work to deliver an outcome. They take responsibility for delivering the activity and is usually one individual;
- Accountable – The person who needs to ensure that the task is delivered even if they have delegated it. Again, one individual and usually at a senior level is often the manager who the person responsible reports to in the project or bid;
- Consulted – This is typically individuals who need to be involved in delivering the activity and usually have some technical, client or product knowledge that is important for the person responsible to work with to ensure the outcome reflects these inputs. They need to be worked with collaboratively and in a manner that reflects their important input; and
- Informed – This is usually individuals who need to be kept informed around the progress and delivery of an activity and has some buy-in or involvement that is important to reflect in the RACI.
Your RACI needs to be functional and effective. Some key tips you can use when developing the RACI include:
- Use the role clarity matrix tasks and activities as the base for the RACI to fast track its development;
- Explain the 'why' behind the need of a RACI model in addition to the role clarity matrix and the benefits it will provide to the bid or project team and the delivery of outcomes;
- Identify all the key individuals and their roles and list them horizontally up the top of the RACI ensuring you get thorough coverage across your bid or team;
- When working through the four elements of the RACI, you need to ensure only one person is accountable and only one person is responsible. This will ensure greater ownership and delivery of the outcome;
- Ensure you then send out the document to all people nominated in the RACI for feedback and consultation. This includes those broader than the responsible and accountable people as the person that need to be informed and consulted should have a large say in ensuring that you are consulting the right people for the right activities to be delivered.
Role clarity is an underrated area to focus on with your team upfront. Get this right, break it down through a RACI and watch your team achieve every manager's goal; being empowered and self-managed rather than deferring to every piece of direction and guidance they receive from management.
To get started, simply visit our website to find examples of the Role Clarity Matrix and RACI Model and start planning with your team.


text:
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source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Sarah has developed a new Hugelkultur initiative in the backyard. (I previously wrote about backyard Hugelkultur way back in June 2008.)
What, you ask, is Hugelkultur? Think of it as very slow composting.
Hugelkulture is the practice of composting large woody material to create a raised garden bed. It is a way of dealing with excess amounts of woody garden wastes, for example prunings, hedge clippings, brassica stems, or brashwood.
The name comes from German – hügelkultur translates as "hill culture".
The technique involves digging a circular trench about 1′ (30 cm) deep and 5′ (1.5 m) wide, in the centre of which is dug another hole 1′ (30 cm) deep hole. The material is piled in. Turf (grass) is then stacked face down on top, then layers of compost, well rotted leaves and manure, etc as available. The layers break down slowly and creating rich humus over four or five years. It is claimed that this is ideal for growing hungry crops such as zucchinis (courgettes) or strawberries.
As the years pass, the deep soil of the raised bed becomes incredibly rich and loaded with soil life. As the wood shrinks, it makes more tiny air pockets – so your hugelkultur becomes self tilling. The first few years, the composting process will slightly warm the soil giving a slightly longer growing season, in temperate and cold climates.
We dug out what looked like a large grave which soon filled with water. For a week or so the girls would say things like "can we go play in the grave?" to creepy effect. (In fact, the presence of this inexplicable gravesite in the backyard, slowly filling with water, created a very Rear Window effect.) Then, after it seemed to be starting to breed insects, not to mention becoming a likely death trap for skunks or other smaller mammals, Sarah filled it with sticks and branches and we all went out to jump on the branches and break them as much as possible and drive them down into the ground; and then we loaded the dirt back on top. Sarah claims it will somehow all be fertile compost in a year or two.
I swear to god we don't have a pesky former neighbor buried under all that…

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
"This equipment hung from the ceiling records magnetism and the gravity of the earth. Movement a compass shakes and shows a direction, and movement of balance inclines by a liquid falls like intravenous drip. Equipment 'magnetic field record' describes by applying these two movements.
The dropper containing Chinese ink, and the weight supporting the spindle. The Chinese ink falls, and the dropper becomes light and inclines, then it moves to a center gradually, the horizontally extended magnet is pulled to the magnetism of the earth, and repeats inversion motion."


Concurrent Programming Fundamentals — Sharing Objects (Part 2)
Before starting this blog, This is the continuation of my previous blog. if you have missed part 1 of this blog, Please refer to this link.
2. Publication and escape
Publishing an object means that the object can be utilized in outside the current scope.
For eg, save a reference to the object where it can be accessed by other code, or return the reference in a non-private method, or pass the reference to a method in another class.
In many cases, we want to assure that the object and its internal state are not published. In other scenarios, we need to publish an object, but if you want to ensure thread safety when publishing, you may need to synchronize.
Publishing internal states may affect and destroy encapsulation and make it difficult for programs to maintain invariant conditions. For example, if the object is released before the object is constructed, thread safety will be violated.
Escaped means that an object that should not be released is released.
The easiest approach to publish an object is to preserve the object's reference to a public static variable so that any class and thread can see the object.
When an object is published, other objects may be published indirectly (Publishing one object may indirectly publish others.).
If you add a Secret object to the already published collection knownSecrets, then the Secret object will also be published, because any code can traverse the collection and obtain a reference to the new Secret object.
public class UnsafeStates {
private String [] states = new String [] {"AK", "AL",...};
public String [] getStates () {return states;}
When an object is published, any objects referenced in the non-private domain of the object are also published. Generally speaking, if a published object can be called to other objects through non-private variable references and methods, then these objects will also be published.
Regardless of what other threads will do with the published reference, it doesn't really matter, because the risk of misusing the reference is always there. When an object escapes, you must assume that a class or thread may misuse the object. This is the most important reason for encapsulation: encapsulation makes it possible to analyze the correctness of the program and makes it harder to inadvertently violate design constraints.
The last mechanism to publish an object or its internal state is to publish an internal class instance.
public class ThisEscape {
public ThisEscape(EventSource source) {
new EventListener() {
public void onEvent(Event e) {
ThisEscape class elaborates an important unique case of escape — when the this references escapes during construction. When the inner EventListener instance is published, so is the enclosing ThisEscape instance.
But an object is in a predictable, consistent state only after its constructor returns, so publishing an object from within its constructor can publish an incompletely constructed object.
This is true even if the publication is the last statement in the constructor. If the this reference escapes during construction, the object is considered not properly constructed.
Do not allow the this reference to escape during construction.
3. Thread confinement
Most of the concurrency issues happen only when we want to share a mutable variable, or mutable state, within threads.
If a mutable state is shared between multiple or several threads, then all of them will be able to read and modify the value of state, so that, resulting in incorrect or unexpected behavior.
One way to avoid this issue is to simply not share the data between the threads. This approach is known as thread confinement, and is one of the simplest approaches of achieving thread safety in our application.
Java does not have any approach of enforcing thread confinement. Thread confinement is accomplish by designing your java application in a way that does not allow your state to be used by multiple threads, and is thus enforced by the implementation.
There are few types of thread confinement,
 - Ad-hoc thread confinement
 - Stack confinement
 - ThreadLocal
Ad-hoc Thread Confinement
Ad-hoc thread confinement elaborates a approach of thread confinement, where it is the total responsibility of the developer, or the team of developers working on that program, to assure that the use of the object is restricted to a single thread.
This approach is very very fragile, and should be avoided in most cases.
One special case that comes under Ad-hoc thread confinement applies to volatile variables. It is safe to perform read-modify-write operations on shared volatile variable as long as you assure that the volatile variable is only written from a single thread.
In this scenario, you are confining the modification to a single thread to prevent race conditions, and the visibility guarantees for volatile variables assure that other threads see the most up to date latest value.
Stack Confinement
Stack confinement is confining a variable, or an object, to the stack of the thread. This is much stronger than Ad-hoc thread confinement, since it is limiting the scope of the object even more, by defining the state of the variable in the stack itself.
For example, consider the following method:
private long numberOfPeopleNamedGowthamy(List people) { List localPeople = new ArrayList<>();
return localPeople
.filter(person ->
In the above method, we pass in a list of person, but do not directly use it. We instead create our own list, which is local to the currently executing thread, and add all the person in people to localPeople.
Since we are defining our list in the numberOfPeopleNamedGowthamy method only, this makes the variable localPeople stack confined, as it exists on stack of one thread, and thus cannot be accessed by any other thread.
This makes localPeople thread safe. The only thing we need to take care of here is that we should not allow localPeople to escape the scope of this method, to keep it stack confined.
It's better, if we document or comment when defining this variable, since generally it's only in the current developer's mind to not let it escape, and in future another developer may mess up.
ThreadLocal let you to associate a per-thread value with a value-holding object. It allows you to store different objects for different threads, and maintains which object corresponds to which thread.
It has set and get accessor methods which maintain a separate copy of the value for each thread that uses it.
The get() method always returns the most updated value passed to set() from the currently executing thread.
Let's look at an example
public class ThreadConfinementUsingThreadLocal {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ThreadLocal stringHolder = new ThreadLocal<>();
Runnable runnable1 = () -> {
stringHolder.set("Thread in runnable1");
try {
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
Runnable runnable2 = () -> {
stringHolder.set("Thread in runnable2");
try {
stringHolder.set("string in runnable2 changed");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
Runnable runnable3 = () -> {
stringHolder.set("Thread in runnable3");
try {
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
Thread thread1 = new Thread(runnable1);
Thread thread2 = new Thread(runnable2);
Thread thread3 = new Thread(runnable3);
In the above example, we have executed three threads, using the same ThreadLocal object stringHolder.
As you can see here, we have, first of all, set one string in every thread in the stringHolder object, making it contain three strings. Then after some pause, we have changed the value from just the second thread.
Below was the output of the java application –
string in runnable2 changed
Thread in runnable1
Thread in runnable3
As you can see in the above output, the String for thread 2 changed, but the strings for thread 1 and thread 3 were unaffected.
If we do not set any value before getting the value on a specific thread from ThreadLocal, then it returns null. After a thread is terminated, thread-specific objects in ThreadLocal become ready for garbage collection.
That is all about thread confinement. In the next blog lets discuss about Immutability.
I hope this blog was helpful for you and you got to learn something new.
Thanks and happy learning :)
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Conducting plate question
 1. why do the excess changes of a thin infinite conducting plates spread out evenly on the two faces? Is that just a way to minimize charge repulsion?
 2. jcsd
 3. russ_watters
 Staff: Mentor
 You got it.
 4. conductors are the same or different from conducting plates? why or why not? why are all charges only on one surface, or maybe i'm understanding it wrong.
 For spherical conductors why are all charges only at one surface
 Last edited: Oct 1, 2005
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text:
What is Forsythia Fruit?
- Basic Botanical Data of Forsythia Fruit.
- Forsythia Fruit Constituents and Phytochemicals.
- Properties and Effects of Forsythia Fruit.
- Forsythia Fruit Actions and Indications.
- Modern applications of Forsythia Fruit.
- Forsythia Fruit:Cautions and Contraindications.
- Forsythia Fruit:Part Used and Method for Pharmaceutical Preparations.
- Indications and Combinations of Forsythia Fruit.
- Research Update:Forsythia suspensa.
Applications and Properties:
Clear heat and detoxifier.
Scrofula and subcutaneous nodule treatment.
Exopathogenic wind-heat affection, or the epidemic febrile diseases at the early stage treatment.
Pathogenic heat invasion of ying division, high fever, delirium, deep red and dry tongue.
Boils, carbuncles and furuncles.
Properties:Antimicrobial effect, antiparasitic effect, antiemetic effect, for retina hemorrhage, for acute kidney infection, for pus forming in lungs, acute liver infection, and psoriasis.
Dosage: 6~15 g per day. 500mgs to 200mgs daily for dry extract powder.
Safety and Toxicity:
No toxic data available.
- 1.What is Forsythia Fruit?
♥The article and literature was edited by herbalist of MDidea Extracts Professional.It runs a range of online descriptions about the titled herb and related phytochemicals,including comprehensive information related,summarized updating discoveries from findings of herbalists and clinical scientists from this field.The electronic data information published at our official website _URL_ and _URL_,we tried best to update it to latest and exact as possible.
♣ last edit date:


text:
American-born Nancy Astor, the first woman ever to sit in the House of Commons, is elected to Parliament with a substantial majority. Lady Astor took the Unionist seat of her husband, Waldorf Astor, who was moving up to an inherited seat in the House of Lords.
Born in Danville, Virginia, in 1879, she was the daughter of a former Confederate officer who became a wealthy tobacco auctioneer. She married Robert Gould Shaw II, a Bostonian, in 1897, and they had one son before divorcing in 1903. Soon after, she visited England, where she met and fell in love with Waldorf Astor, the great-great-grandson of the American fur trader John Jacob Astor. In 1906, they married. Nancy Astor became an influential society hostess, presiding at the Astor country estate of Cliveden. The "Cliveden set," as the Astors' social clique became known, came to exercise considerable political influence in a number of fields, especially foreign affairs.
In 1910, Waldorf Astor was elected to the House of Commons as a conservative, and the Astors moved to his constituency of Plymouth. Nine years later, Waldorf's father died, and he succeeded to his viscountcy and seat in the House of Lords. Nancy Astor decided to campaign for his vacant seat in the House of Commons and ran a flamboyant campaign that attracted international attention. On November 28, 1919, she won a resounding victory in the election and subsequently became the first woman ever to sit in the House of Commons. (She was not, however, the first woman to be elected to the Commons; in 1918 the Irish nationalist Constance Markiewicz was elected as an MP for a Dublin constituency but refused to go to London as a protest against the British government.)
Although regarded as a conservative, Lady Astor took an individual approach to politics, saying, "If you want a party hack, don't elect me." Her impassioned speeches on women's and children's rights, her modest black attire, and her occasional irreverence won her a significant following. Repeatedly reelected by her constituency in Plymouth, she sat in the House of Commons until her retirement in 1945.


Cultural Programs
Taking care and giving back. The power of a generous heart.
Assistance League charitable programs rely on hands-on involvement by our volunteers and spring from their generous hearts and minds. Each innovative program is designed to meet specific needs of individual communities. Assistance League member volunteers have achieved true transformation in their communities and have helped make a better world possible.
Cultural programs provide a window on the world
Enrichment activities and experiences are essential to the development of well-rounded children. Art discovery lessons and youth exhibits, live theater, symphony performances, museum visits and scholarships for science camps are sponsored by various chapters to introduce fine arts to local school kids. Kids on the Block puppetry programs explore issues of disability, cultural differences, healthy eating and exercise, social problems and acceptance of self and others. As a gesture of kindness and camaraderie, Assistance League members befriend senior adults in assisted living facilities. They host parties and special activities and provide small gifts that bring cheer and encouragement to the older generation.
Cultural Program Stories


Create Account owner Effects Imagery
Social media has become part of everyday life. Almost everyone has an account on the social media. Various account name and fro, from which it is or completely different from the owner. Will this affect the formation of ourselves?
Have a facebook or twitter account? Definitely on of hands, if only after I added the sentence asked, "Who has hands". I've also heard of a friend that I do not know (well, what is the name of this friend?) Said, "Whats your twitter?" Keep your friends who asked replied, "nope got". Go direct tone, "The Age of this, nope have twitter?". If only people were bad to me, I said, "Twitter's Jack Dorsey hers" haha.
Yes, almost everyone got twitter or facebook account. Although many kinds of social media such as Instagram or youtube. But lately both the first social media first mentioned earlier so familiar in our introductory communication daily. Twitter or facebook is like a business card only.
Talking about the account name, twitter is the most varied kinds. If I observe, there are at least three types of account names.
The first is an open account. It is a term that I give for writing the name of the account owner is. If write is not like the original, the owner of the account made just shortened it.
Second is the account entity. Named entities account because this account is as well. The owner used it as a tool outside of himself. An example of the second type of account is the account of the institution, organization or company.
Third is the imaging account. The third type of account is that often we discussed, because it is unique. Examples of imaging account is … ah, nope comfortable if called names. Hey directly admit that life accounts imaging.. hehe.
Which will we talked about this time is the account of imagery. Account has the character of each. This we can see from the name and the content of his tweet. While on the other hand, I have also had a personality. Both marriage that gave birth to imaging.
Imagery is the way we conduct defense. In psychology called defense mechanism. Each of us use self-defense mechanism. One of its functions is that we use when we want to convey intent, but we want to be safe from the effects thereof.
Social media is a double-edged, one side can be a mask, on the other hand actually the safest place to be honest. Often we find an account that did not write the name of the owner, under a pseudonym. As such, he is freer to say a lot of things he wanted. Well, on the other hand, this will help the account had to be honest. Accounts have unique imagery, the paradox between the mask and appeared to put the truth.
What is the effect if we use imaging account? Are we going to be someone else? Are we going to split personality?
Indeed, there are two trends would happen, to be someone else or even strengthen its owner. Again paradoxically accounts imaging going on here.
How can we use other characters, but we continue to be ourselves? Very able, since creating an account with any of the content that we design, that means putting the self on the outside of us. It could be that we make it self is our true self, which has been constrained due to various reasons, such as norms or concerned with a person. Instead, we make the accounts we do not really.
Both models account such imagery (self real but masked or not yourself at all), we are making two personalities. Events that may be, we can get carried away on one of them, split into two, or stay safely live with both.
The first effect, people get carried away in one account. It can be seen from the life and death of the account. Quite often decreases on its own account activity. After a long time the account is dead, because it is not in accordance with the owner, or the owner could not adjust to his account.
The second effect is a split personality. This can happen when self and accounts as strong and occur alternately. Quite often it makes the account owner confused puts himself in two different situations. For example, he had a hard figure account, when she gently in everyday life. Well, what if suddenly the owner of the account together with friends virtual world. Clearly different between the person and his or her account.
If the split brings confusion, it actually still reasonable. Arguably still healthy for account owners. What if he was not confused, but often have a personality shift of control consciousness. Moreover, if a transfer occurs at any time and place.
The third effect, the account owner kept his personality, while his account has character own. Both are like two different people. If you interact with the person, the personality of the person who plays. But if we are to interact through social media, then the character who played his account. So the account and owner are two different creatures. The owner that controls consciousness.


text:
A cooling system
The manufacture of water-soluble sodium silicate (water glass) does not include a forming process after the melting phase. The glass must simply be cooled down in a controlled way. A special plate conveyor with a heat resistant surface has been developed for this. The glass flows onto the plates directly from the melter and cools as a result of air convection. It is then crushed to obtain the necessary grain size. Dissolved in water, sodium silicate is used in many products such as detergents, colours and adhesives.


text:
This briefing paper demonstrates how childcare is influenced by a range of household actors in Sierra Leone, and sets out what efforts to prevent malnutrition can do to engage with this reality.
Promoting good child nutrition must go beyond dissemination of infant and young child feeding practices to engage with key influences on mothers' behaviour.
'Exclusive' breastfeeding is rarely exclusive, with traditional remedies frequently given to infants.
Decision-making around food distribution, household finances and when to stop breastfeeding is deeply gendered, influencing the ability of women to act on knowledge about appropriate feeding practices.
These social conditions that sustain malnutrition are exacerbated during 'lean seasons', when there are greater labour demands, compromised sanitation, and limited coping mechanisms.


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Protein A and Protein G have binding sites for the Fc portion of mammalian IgG. The capacity of these proteins for IgG varies with the species. In general, IgGs have a higher affinity for Protein G than for Protein A, and Protein G can bind IgG from a wider variety of species. The affinity of various IgG subclasses, especially from mouse and human, for Protein A varies more than for Protein G. Protein A can, therefore, be used to prepare isotypically pure IgG from some species. Protein L has an affinity for kappa light chains from various species. It can be used to purify monoclonal or polyclonal IgG, IgA, and IgM as well as Fab, F(ab′)2
, and recombinant scFv fragments that contain kappa light chains. Note: Species such as bovine, goat, sheep, and horse whose Igs contain almost exclusively lambda chains will not bind well, if at all, to Protein L. This makes it suitable for isolating mouse monoclonal antibodies from cell culture supernatants without contamination by bovine IgG.
See also Protein A, G, and L Detection Reagents


Strong Coupling Between Quantum Systems over Longer Distance
Scientists have used a novel method to create, for the first time, strong coupling between quantum systems over a long distance. The method involves using a laser loop to connect the systems, which enables an almost lossless exchange of strong interaction and information between them.
A loop of laser light connects the oscillations of a nanomechanical membrane (back) and the spin of a cloud of atoms (front). Image Credit: The University of Basel, Department of Physics.
Physicists at the University of Basel and University of Hanover have described in the Science journal that the new method paves way for new prospects in quantum sensor technology and quantum networks.
At present, quantum technology is one of the most active fields of studies across the globe. It leverages the unique properties of quantum mechanical states of atoms, nanostructures, or light to create, for instance, innovative sensors for navigation and medicine, robust simulators for materials sciences, and networks for information processing.
To produce such quantum states, the prerequisite is usually a strong interaction between the systems involved, for example, between multiple atoms or nanostructures.
However, to date, adequately strong interactions were restricted to shorter distances. Two systems had to be essentially placed close to one other in the same vacuum chamber or at low temperatures on the same chip. Here, they interact through magnetostatic or electrostatic forces. But it is essential to couple them over larger distances for several applications like quantum networks or sensors of specific types.
Led by Professor Philipp Treutlein from the Department of Physics at the University of Basel and the Swiss Nanoscience Institute (SNI), a group of physicists has now successfully created, for the first time, strong coupling between two systems over a larger distance in an ambient temperature environment.
As part of the experiment, laser light was used by the researchers to couple the vibrations of a 100-nm thin membrane to the motion of the atomic spin over a 1-m distance. Thus, the spin of the atoms is set in motion by each vibration of the membrane and vice versa.
A Loop of Light Acts as a Mechanical Spring
The basis for the experiment is a concept developed by the research team in collaboration with the theoretical physicist Professor Klemens Hammerer from the University of Hanover. In the concept, a beam of laser light is sent forward and backward between the systems.
The light then behaves like a mechanical spring stretched between the atoms and the membrane, and transmits forces between the two.
Dr Thomas Karg, Department of Physics, University of Basel
Dr Karg performed the experiments as part of his doctoral thesis at the University of Basel.
The properties of the light in this laser loop can be manipulated such that no information related to the motion of the two systems is lost to the environment. This ensures that the quantum mechanical interaction stays unperturbed.
Now, for the first time, the physicists have successfully performed experimental implementation of this concept and used it in a series of experiments.
The coupling of quantum systems with light is very flexible and versatile. We can control the laser beam between the systems, which allows us to generate different types of interactions that are useful for quantum sensors, for example.
Philipp Treutlein, Professor, Department of Physics, University of Basel
A New Tool for Quantum Technologies
Besides coupling atoms with nanomechanical membranes, the new technique could also be used in various other systems; for instance, while coupling solid-state spin systems or superconducting quantum bits used in quantum computing studies.
It would be possible to use the new method for light-mediated coupling to interconnect such systems, thus developing quantum networks for information processing and simulations.
This is a new, highly useful tool for our quantum technology toolbox.
Philipp Treutlein, Professor, Department of Physics, University of Basel
The experiments performed by the physicists in Basel were financially supported by the European Research Council as part of the project MODULAR, and by the SNI PhD School.
Journal Reference:
Karg, T. M., et al. (2020) Light-mediated strong coupling between a mechanical oscillator and atomic spins 1 meter apart. Science.
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Did You Know | History
Divers Uncover Treasure In Ancient Ship Graveyard
Ephorate of Underwater Antiquities - B. Mentogiannis / G. Koutsouflakis
Archaeologists from Greece and the United States have joined forces for a very unique treasure hunt.
Like other projects, researchers are digging through rubble and dirt for artifacts, but their work begins at least 60 feet underwater.
The object of their years-long search are wrecked ships, which crashed by the dozens in the straits around the Fourni island chain.
And the reason for all the interest in these ships is the artifacts they still carry.
The Ships' Graveyard
Shipwreck artifacts
Almost 60 wrecked ships lie in the waters around Fourni.Ephorate of Underwater Antiquities / B. Mentogiannis
Since archaeologists began searching the Fourni islands for ships in 2015, they have uncovered 58 wrecks.
They say that two ancient trade routes once cross paths in waters surrounding the 13 small island, and the heavy traffic is one explanation for all the ruined ships.
Ships carried goods like wine and food around Fourni from as far away as the Black Sea, Spain, and Egypt, but an unlucky few ended their journey 130 feet below the waves.
Fourni islands
Dangerous conditions (and pirates) may have caused so many ships to crash.Karelj - Wikimedia
"It is not a coincidence that a large number of the wrecks have been found in those passages," George Koutsouflakis, one of the dive's leaders, told Reuters.
"If there is a sudden change in the wind's direction, and if the captain was from another area and was not familiar with the peculiarities of the local climate, he could easily end up losing control of the ship and falling upon the rocks."
Other researchers say the large volume of ships probably attracted pirates, who could be responsible for a few of the sunken ships.
Whatever the cause, shipwrecks were once so common around Fourni that two of the small islands are still named Anthropofas, meaning "man-eater."
Designer Lamps And Other Treasures
Amphorae jars
Amphorae, ceramic jars used to hold food and liquid, are the most common antiques of Fourni's ships.Ephorate of Underwater Antiquities / B. Mentogiannis
Of the five ships most recently discovered and explored by the archaeologists, the oldest date back to the fourth century B.C., while others are from the sixth century A.D.
Even "modern" ships from the 18th and 19th century were discovered under the waves.
While these ships are newly discovered, the divers say there is evidence their cargo has already been looted - or salvaged - long ago.
Of the more than 300 artifacts brought to the surface from these ships, a group of designer lamps might be the most fascinating.
ancient lamp
These ancient lamps are stamped with their designer's names.Ephorate of Underwater Antiquities / G. Koutsouflakis
The ceramics from Corinth are stamped on the bottom with the names of their designers, Octavius and Lucius.
Experts from Greece's Culture Ministry have reason to believe that the pair may have been slave workers, who eventually won their freedom and opened a workshop.
Mainly, archaeologists find ceramic jars called amphorae used to carry food and liquids inside the wrecked ships.
Archaeologists ancient Greece
Researchers hope a museum will collect the Fourni artifacts.Ephorate of Underwater Antiquities / G. Koutsouflakis
While old fish sauce may not sound so exciting to you, learning more about the trade routes that connected the ancient world is a big deal for these researchers.
"The excitement is difficult to describe," Dr. Pete Campbell said.
"I mean, it was just incredible. We knew that we had stumbled upon something that was going to change the history books."
There are hopes to build a new museum for the Fourni artifacts, so people from around the world will get to learn more about them.
[H/T: Reuters]
What do you think of these new discoveries?


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Date Added: Jan 2011
Numerous real-world applications produce networked data such as web data (hypertext documents connected via hyperlinks) and communication networks (people connected via communication links). A recent focus in machine learning research has been to extend traditional machine learning classification techniques to classify nodes in such data. In this paper, the authors attempt to provide a brief introduction to this area of research and how it has progressed during the past decade. They introduce four of the most widely used inference algorithms for classifying networked data and empirically compare them on both synthetic and real-world data.


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ok so martian man hunter was stranded on earth and thats the reason why he couldnt go back,but the dude can fly out of space so i dont get it???
if i coud rewrite the origins and the abilities origins of the martian manhhunter i would,this is mine,
THE ORIGINS OF MARTIAN MANHUNTER
jonz lived in a city on mars the greatest city in its continent,unlike their ancesters modern martian have evolved for thousands of years and developed mind reading,telekinesis and shape shifting.
They are highly advanced but choose to be in one with the nature of their planet,their city structure seemed like they were not made by intelligent beings(explaining why mars looks like a desert not a deserted civilization) in contrast their counter part the white martians almost destroyed their planet 10000 years ago but they were defeated by the green martians in a great war, the remaining white martians were locked up in cryogenic prison.Matians have traveled to earth(like the comics say who also inspired the pyramids)
Martians can live longer hundereds of years,they have their meta physical practices called _PHONE_, like meditation which sharpens their ability( like prayer but no religious).It is said that the most discipline and strongest of the martian can live longer,and older martian also developes superstrenght and flight after hundred of years of _PHONE_ practice,
jonz was young and starting his life,he married the love of his life and had a family,he was highly intelligent which allowed him to rise through the ranks faster than most to became one of the greatest detectives in all of the states on planet mars,he was also well versed in the martian technology of the time,he mastered _PHONE_ very early gaining some ability which only the elders had like flight,every thing in jonz life was going perfectly it seemed like he had everything.But unlike him his brother was the opposite underachiver and was always jealous of jonz,his brother was just as smart but was psycotic,since they were children jonz always protected his younger brother from the punishment of his any crimes until one day he mind raped a martian woman and was punised by being locked in a cryogenic prison,but he out smarted the guards andunlocked the prison accidently opening the prison of the powerfull and dangerous white martians.
Jonz brother hated his fellow green martians as much as the white martians did.He developed a biological weapon which weakened most of the green martians with a new disease so he would become better than all martians including his brother jonz.But still unknow to him and all other green martian,the white martian were preparing to wipe out the green martians.
When the white martian sensed the GM were weak they unleashed their vegeance and killed almost all of the GM,untill Jonz brother activate a weapon which wiped out almost all living thing on mars in an attempt to save himself.His brother how ever survived too and had to watch his family being burned alive in the chaos.
This trauma seeing his family being burned alive damaged him psycological forever whenever he sees fire he becomes paralysed,For years he wondered the planes of mars alone now a desert planet,he completely lost his mind and for hundred of years untill one day he saw something that reminded him of his family and who he was.He sat down and decided to get better after years of mental break down,he started to meditate and went to a state of _PHONE_.
400 years later still in his state of _PHONE_ an earth scientist accidently teleports him to earth(you all know what happens next),jonz now better saw chance to live again as an earthling started to wonder the planet and develope his ability for years
SO WHAT DO YOU GUYS THINK, i am a foreigner so excuse my english


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How To Find Out Which Proccess is Listening On A Port for Windows?
System or Network administrators looks ports and applications to solve problems. Getting port and application info in Linux can be done lsof command. But in Windows?
netstat is a very popular and useful tool used to get network and port-related information.
List Listening Port with netstat Command
We will use
netstat command like below in order to list which process, application or service listening which port on Windows.
- -a Display all connections and listening ports
- -b Display port and connection related executable/application
- -n Display port numbers as a number, not port name
- -o Display process/executable owner
C:\> netstat -a -b
What is that? it says we need Administrator privileges. Open command prompt with Administrator privileges
From the output following information is provided
- The protocol is the transport layer protocol like TCP or UDP
- Local Address is the current local system IP address.
0.0.0.0means every IP address current system have. Because the current system may have multiple interfaces and IP addresses.
- Foreign Address is the remote system address or Hostname which is connected or waiting
- State specifies the given port status like LISTENIN, CLOSED, CONNECTED etc.


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Morning Lemon Water for a Week
The View From the Great Island
Why I Start Every Day With Lemon Water ~ I'll separate the myths from the facts about drinking lemon water every morning.
- 56 ounces filtered water
- 3 large lemons
- Put the water in a large pitcher or refrigerator container, preferably glass.
- Squeeze the juice of 2 lemons into the water, making sure to avoid the seeds.
- Thinly slice the last lemon and add all the slices, without seeds, to the water. Cover and keep in the refrigerator.
View the recipe instructions at The View From the Great Island


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Hi there,
I am trying to teach a friend about higher-dimensions and I have explained them in the following two manners:
 1. A higher dimension, e.g. the 56th is the set of all 56-tuples.
 2. A fractional dimension, e.g. 3/4 means that when size doubles, volume increases at a factor of 2^3/4
To me, it is obvious that both of these hold in a dimension with an integral number of coordinates. However, does statement one hold in a fractional dimension?
share|improve this question
A quick comment, your first statement is about the size of a basis of a vector space with no reference to a metric or a measure. The second is a statement about the volume growth in a metric measure space which vitally depends on the choice of metric and of measure. If you want to explain to your friend about fractional dimensions, look up box counting dimension. – BSteinhurst Jun 3 '11 at 14:35
In item 2, the volume should increase by a factor of $2^{3/4}$, not 3/4. – Andreas Blass Jun 3 '11 at 15:39
1 Answer 1
up vote 2 down vote accepted
The notion of "dimension" occurs in various contexts and its meaning is not always the same. There are:
(1) Topological dimension. The topological dimension ${\rm dim}(X)$ of a space $X\ne\emptyset$ is an integer $\geq0$ or $\infty$. It is defined inductively or by means of coverings: An $X$ is, e.g., two-dimensional, if any open covering of $X$ can be "refined" to a covering that covers no point more than three times. This concept of "dimension" is not easy to handle and gives rise to strange theorems, e.g., that a space of dimension $n$ can be the union of $n+1$ spaces of dimension $0$.
(2) Dimension of vector spaces $V$. Any vector space $V$ (over an arbitrary field $K$) has a dimension ${\rm dim}(V)$ which is an integer $\geq 0$ or $\infty$. This is an algebraic concept. If ${\rm dim}(V)=n$ then one can choose $n$ vectors $e_1$, $\ldots$, $e_n\in V$ such that any vector $x\in V$ can be written as $x=\sum_{k=1}^n x_k \ e_k$ or $x=(x_1,\ldots, x_n)$ for short. People say that we have $n$ "degrees of freedom" in such a $V$.
When the ground-field $K$ is the field ${\mathbb R}$ of real numbers then the topological dimension of $V$ is equal to its algebraic dimension $n$; in particular, the real line ${\mathbb R}$ is also topologically one-dimensional. Furthermore there is a natural measure of volume for arbitrary subsets $A\subset V$, given that the volume of the unit cube should be $1$. When a set $A$ is stretched by a factor $\lambda>0$ then its volume increases by the factor $\lambda^n$. If in ${\mathbb R}^n$ the euclidean metric $|x|:=\sqrt{\sum_{k=1}^n x_k^2}$ is adopted then also sets $A$ in $d$-dimensional "planes" $\ U\subset {\mathbb R}^n$ get a natural $d$-dimensional volume, and this volume multiplies by $\lambda^d$ under a linear stretching of $A$ by $\lambda$. This implies that also curved $d$-dimensional "surfaces" in ${\mathbb R}^n$ have a natural $d$-dimensional length or area.
(3) "Fractal" dimension. Given euclidean $n$-space with its bodies, surfaces and curves all having an intuitive dimension $d\leq n$ and a $d$-dimensional "volume" scaling in the expected way one may ask whether there is a way of measuring arbitrary sets $A\subset{\mathbb R}^n$ that is able to scale with noninteger exponents $\alpha$, and whether there are sets $A\subset{\mathbb R}^n$ that for such a value $\alpha\notin{\mathbb N}$ would have an $\alpha$-dimensional volume which is neither zero nor infinity.
The so-called Hausdorff measure (invented in 1919) has the necessary flexibility; and indeed there are "crazy" sets $A$, called "fractals", that for precisely one noninteger value $\alpha$ have $\alpha$-dimensional volume $\ne 0, \infty$. This value $\alpha$ is then called the Hausdorff or fractal dimension of $A$. This "dimension" is nothing esoteric but a certain geometrical quantity associated to $A$, as the semi-axes $a$ and $b$ are associated to an ellipse. There is one deep theorem though: The Hausdorff dimension of a set is never larger than its topological dimension. In particular, all "fractals" in ${\mathbb R}^3$ have a Hausdorff dimension $\leq 3$.
There are mathematically defined fractal sets, e.g., the Cantor set or the snowflake curve, and there are such sets found in nature, e.g. "the coast line of Britain", or cumulus clouds in the atmosphere. Given such a "natural" set the essential problem is to find its fractal dimension $\alpha$ by computational means.
share|improve this answer
It is worth noting that Hausdorff dimension does not require a Euclidean ambient space, just a metric. So it can still be used in the case of an abstract metric space. Also the Hausdorff measure of a $\alpha$ Hausdorff dimensional space can actually be zero or infinity. The number $\alpha$ is where the transition from infinity to zero happens. – BSteinhurst Jun 3 '11 at 20:37
Your Answer


Children of Jarillo
They are our neighbors, our teachers, our politicians, and our grocers. They are the lonely howl in the middle of an autumn night or a contented purr from a friendly stray. They are shape-shifters. They are the Children of Jarilo.
The Children of Jarilo series is based upon a unique twist on the traditional werewolf myth. In my world, shape-shifters are not cursed humans who turn into mindless c3reatures during the full moon. They are not truly lycanthropes at all. Instead, my shifters believe they are the direct descendants of an ancient god of fertility, harvest, and the moon – the Proto-Slavic god, Jarilo.
He is a little known god with even less documentation, yet his festivals stretch across Russia, Belarus, and down to Serbia. Folklore names Jarilo as the missing tenth son of the supreme Slavic god of thunder, Perun, who was born on the last night of February. On the same night, however, Jarilo was stolen from his father and taken to the world of the dead. There, he was adopted and raised by Veles (Perun's enemy), the Slavic god of the underworld and cattle. The young Jarilo grew up guarding the cattle of his stepfather in the land across the sea, where migrating birds would fly every winter.
With the spring, Jarilo returned from the otherworld, bringing spring and fertility to the land. Upon his return, he met, fell in love with, and married, Morana, a goddess of death and nature, and also a daughter of Perun and Jarilo's twin-sister. Since his life is tied to the spring, he is killed by his wife/sister at the beginning of fall and his body is used to replenish the land. With her husband/brother gone, Morana falls into despair, turning into a withered old hag signifying the winter until Jarilo is reborn in the spring.
In short, a typical, seasonal birth-death-rebirth god. So what does he have to do with shifters?
Some folklore accounts associate Jarilo with the moon, citing him as a mischievous god whose temperament changes with the phases of the moon. But the key to my adaptation of this ancient god comes from the folk songs concerning him.
In the songs, Jarilo is always walking as he returns from the underworld, yet he is also described as coming on a horse. Several songs are studied and most of them emphasize the presence of the horse as well as how sore Jarilo's feet are from the walking. This makes one think he had a very short horse, extremely long legs, or perhaps – just maybe – he was the horse. Whether they conceived of their god as being horse-like, such as a centaur; a shapeshifter, such as Loki or Proteus; or simply a humanoid with a horse's head, the direct tie of this obscure, ancient god to shifters was enough for me to build my world's mythos around him. As a god, I thought it wasn't too much of a stretch that he would be able to take any form he wished, frollicking about with human maidens as gods are wont to do, and creating an entire race of shifters who keep his name alive.
The Children of Jarilo are shifters of every imaginable species – from predator to prey – who struggle to remain hidden in an increasingly invasive world. They attempt to avoid invasive medical procedures that could spot an anomaly in their DNA as well as the plethora of video cameras that litter businesses, street corners, and a growing percentage of the human population. They defend their homes and their loved ones against other non-humans: vampires, spellcasters, and even other shifters. They also face trouble from within as ferals, crazed shifters who lose their humanity to their inner animal and go mad, threaten their safety by shifting in public, attacking humans, or forcing the change on their unwilling victims.


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institute, the agenda has shifted from looking at precursor development of adult hypertension to identifying mechanisms causing pediatric hypertension, a disease that didn't exist when most hypertension textbooks were written, he says.
"Our ultimate goal, of course, is prevention," he says. "But when we can't do that, we want to give physicians ways to determine precisely the cause or causes of your hypertension and optimal ways to target your disease."
The MCG Department of Biostatistics, chaired by Dr. Varghese George, is designing the studies for the Program Project grant to ensure scientifically validity and managing data for all the program projects.
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António Guterres, Honorary PhD, calls for a solitary response to the refugee crisis
During the appointment ceremony at the Universidad Europea, attended by Felipe González, who gave the citation address
The Universidad Europea Academic Council granted an Honorary PhD to António Guterres for his contribution to helping refugees, in recognition of his support for stateless people, and for safeguarding the rights of those forced to leave their country due to war, revolution or political persecution. Guterres gave a speech that focused on the refugee crisis in Europe in a context in which "the sovereignty agenda is gaining ground on the human rights agenda".
"In this context of a Europe that is incapable of coming together to solve this problem, we are witness to the sad spectacle of crowds crossing the Balkans from border to border. That image of chaos is the result of Europe's inability to organize itself to solve the problem, and it has created a current of rejection in public opinion that favors populism", explained the recently appointed Honorary PhD. He also believes that Europe's actions have set a bad example to other countries that look to "richer" countries; precisely those who have proven to be the least solitary with this humanitarian problem.
The ceremony citation address was given by Felipe González, President of the Spanish Government from _PHONE_. During his speech, he highlighted his friendship with the new Secretary General of the United Nations, who he has known for 25 years, and whom he has attributed "moderation" as one of his main characteristics, but noting that this moderation comes from "the strength of his convictions, his personality, tenacity and determination". González also said that "there are few candidates to lead the UN and the best has been chosen".
Guterres' investiture was requested by the School of Social Sciences and Communication for his leadership as the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, a position he held until December 2015 (prior to his recent appointment as the new UN Secretary General for the period January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2021).
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Flex-Ed: Understanding hormone replacement therapy and your FSA
If you're just starting out with an FSA, or even if you've had one for a while, it can be challenging to understand all the healthcare services eligible to use with your account.
One way to keep this clear is to remember that the IRS only allows you to use your FSA for the costs of diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease, and the costs for treatments affecting any part or function of the body.
But that still leaves some room for discussion. For example, what about something like hormone replacement therapy (HRT)? Would that be covered under an FSA? In this week's Flex-Ed, let's take a look at the conditions under which HRT would be considered eligible.
When is HRT covered by an FSA?
One purpose of HRT is to help patients deal with several symptoms of menopause. Because menopause is a recognized medical diagnosis, any treatments doctors use to help women deal with its symptoms and complications are covered under an FSA.
Women that are menopausal have a higher risk of bone fractures, heart disease and stroke, so treating menopause is an important part of an overall health maintenance program.
There are many types of HRT treatments, depending on a patient's symptoms. For example, doctors can prescribe medication as well as gels, creams, and patches for patients that experience symptoms like hot flashes.
To be eligible for coverage under your FSA, your FSA administrator may require that your HRT treatment include a prescription and/or a Letter of Medical Necessity (LMN) to detail the diagnosis and overall need for the treatment.
Also for FSA coverage, medication you use to treat your menopause will require a prescription, even if that medication is available over the counter.
HRT expenses that aren't covered
The expenses for any non-prescription medication you take for menopause will likely not be eligible for reimbursement under your FSA.
It's also important to remember that HRT not specifically used to treat menopause or osteoporosis is likely not eligible for reimbursement with FSA funds.
For example, if you're a healthy woman that wants to use HRT to maintain a good level of estrogen, that wouldn't be a qualified expense, and wouldn't be eligible for coverage with your FSA.
In other words, HRT is a treatment that needs the supervision of a medical professional. At least if you want it to qualify for flex spending. This is likely because studies have associated HRT with an increased risk of conditions that include stroke, heart disease, blood clots and even breast cancer.
These risks vary and depend on the kind of treatment plan your doctor orders for your menopause, including the dosage of estrogen you receive, and the length of time you take the medication.
Of course, we're not doctors, and you should always speak with your FSA administrator if you're unsure about any expenses you may incur and whether or not they will qualify under your plan. But if your physician determines HRT can provide you with relief from menopause symptoms and increase your quality of life, using your FSA may be able to help give you some additional peace of mind.
Top FSA Eligible Products


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Sedimentation. McIntyre et al. (1989) and McIntyre and Naney (1990) provide
an example of using Cesium-137 isotope tracers to determine sedimentation rates
for different periods of land use from 1880 to recently. Historical sedimentation
may serve as a baseline for comparison to measured rates for trend detection.
Monitoring the loading rate is very useful measure for evaluating current
Pollutant Loading Rate
tions, trends in pollutant loading, or evaluating the effect of land treatment.
loading rate or the mass of pollutant exported per unit time (e.g.,
is a basic
measurement for eutrophication studies and pollutant budgets. Loading rates are
directly comparable to one another but they can be vary significantly from year
The three major tasks for determining pollutant loads are:
measuring water discharge (cubic feet per second);
2. measuring pollutant concentration (milligrams per liter); and
3. calculating pollutant loads (multiplying discharge times concentration over
The primary difference between level I and level load monitoring is the type of
sampling gear, time required, and overall cost. Level I load monitoring does not
require continuous stream gaging to measure discharge. Grab sampling is used to
obtain water samples to measure concentration for level I. Level II load monitoring requires continuous stream gaging to measure discharge and an automatic
sampler to take water quality samples.
Where there is a lower variability in discharge and where peak flows are not
extreme, as in the case of PS and irrigation return flows, level load monitoring
may be employed. For other cases with high variability in discharge, large errors
in the loading estimate should be expected.
Several methods may be used to determine Level stream discharge measurements. Sampling sites should have a stable stream bed and a natural downstream
control. A current meter may be used to measure stream velocity using either a
rotating propeller or cup wheel. Because stream velocity varies by depth in the
channel and the location, several measurements must be made to measure
instantaneous velocity and calculate the average velocity. Using a measurement
of the cross-sectional area, and multiplying times average velocity, the total
discharge can then be calculated.
A staff gage or tape measurements (distance from bridge to water level) used to
determine water level elevation may also serve to determine level I stream
discharge. To calculate discharge based on water level elevation, a stage discharge
relationship is developed from detailed measurements of the stream bed and
known discharges for several stream elevations. The resulting stage discharge
relationship or rating curve can be used to estimate discharge based on elevation
of the water surface at the time of sampling.
To sample pollutant concentrations a grab sampling technique may be used. The
concentration sample should be taken at the same location in the stream for each
and every sample. Sampling depth and sample handling protocols should be
developed. Overall a predetermined schedule should be developed for sampling
both discharge and concentration. Wedepohl et al. (1990) provide several methods
to calculate pollutant loads.


Cathode Tan - Games, Media and Geek Stuff
logo design by man bytes blog
Tuesday, May 15, 2007
Ambient Gaming
Interesting article from The Guardian Gamesblog:
Would you play a game that required no actual input from you, but responded directly to things you did every day? Where your in-game progress was mapped to your real-world movements, or your success against enemies was matched to how often you made a phone call?
This is the strange world of Ambient Gaming, a movement tied to Zero-Player Gaming. Titles like Progress Quest or the newly released Ambient Quest incorporate no actual interaction between the user and the game at the time of play, but play themselves out purely based upon the natural, ambient lifestuff that players engage in when away from the computer.
Progress Quest is a game where the player's only interaction with the computer is to start the role playing game going. Ambient Quest is slightly more "interactive"; the number of steps a player takes per day controls the number of spaces she or her moves in the game.
-- Ambiently gaming
I've been wondering for a while if there wasn't room for "mini-ARGs". Gamemasters (who could be players or AI or both) would serve as intermedaries between game data and participants. Actions would be recorded via email, text messages or web. A site would serve as a neutral space for common information. Essentially PBEM with a twist.
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We recently reviewed a bond/guarantee which started with the wording above and continued in the "archaic" form that was widely criticised in the Trafalgar House case in the mid-90s.
In that case, Lord Jauncey commented that he found:
"great difficulty in understanding the desire of commercial men to embody so simple an obligation in a document which is quite unnecessarily lengthy, which obfuscates its true purpose and which is likely to give rise to unnecessary arguments and litigation as to its meaning".
It is almost unbelievable that, nearly 15 years later, these forms continue to persist in the market.
The key problem with a security instrument provided in this form, as outlined by the House of Lords in 1995, is that its true purpose and meaning is unclear. It contains language indicative of an on-demand instrument (for example, payment on first written demand without proof of fault) but also includes the "saving" wording which is only relevant to guarantees (whereby the guarantor is not released from its obligations under the guarantee if the underlying contract is varied or if there is any indulgence, forbearance or forgiveness given by the beneficiary to its contractual counterparty).
Even where an on-demand security instrument is relatively clearly drafted, in our experience, it often contains a provision setting out a long list of matters which would not discharge a guarantor's obligations under a guarantee. This is often regarded as a belt and braces approach, just in case a court construes the document as a guarantee rather than an on-demand bond. However, as the recent case of IIG Capital Llc v Van Der Merwe & Anr made clear, this type of provision can, in practice, result in the "on-demand" instrument being construed as a secondary security instrument precisely because a provision of this type is not required in an on-demand instrument.
The problem is not helped by the fact that the terms "bond" and "guarantee" are often used interchangeably. It is not unusual for the terms bond, performance bond, on-demand bond and demand guarantee to be used to describe the same security instrument.
Terminology aside, ultimately what is important is that the parties to a contract understand precisely the nature of any security that is provided and any limitations on that security. This has never been more crucial than in the current economic climate, when more calls than ever are being made on bonds and guarantees.


Insect growth regulator
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An insect growth regulator (IGR) is a substance (chemical) that inhibits the life cycle of an insect. IGRs are typically used to control populations of harmful pests, such as cockroaches or fleas.[1]
Many IGRs are labeled "reduced risk" by the Environmental Protection Agency, meaning that they target juvenile harmful insect populations while causing less detrimental effects to beneficial insects. Unlike classic insecticides, IGRs do not affect an insect's nervous system and are thus more worker-friendly within closed environments.[2] IGRs are also more compatible with pest management systems that use biological controls. In addition, while insects can become resistant to insecticides, they are less likely to become resistant to IGRs.[3]
How IGRs work[edit]
As an insect grows, it undergoes a process called molting, where it grows a new exoskeleton under its old one and then sheds to allow the new one to swell to a new size and harden.[3] IGRs prevent an insect from reaching maturity by interfering with the molting process.[4] This in turn curbs infestations because immature insects cannot reproduce.[1] Because IGRs work by interfering with an insect's molting process, they take longer to kill than traditional insecticides. Death typically occurs within 3 to 10 days, depending on the product, the insect's life stage when the product is applied and how quickly the insect develops. Some IGRs cause insects to stop feeding long before they die.[4]
Hormonal IGRs[edit]
Hormonal IGRs typically work by mimicking or inhibiting the juvenile hormone (JH), one of the two major hormones involved in insect molting. IGRs can also inhibit the other hormone, ecdysone, large peaks of which trigger the insect to molt. If JH is present at the time of molting, the insect molts into a larger larval form; if absent, it molts into a pupa or adult.[4] IGRs that mimic JH can produce premature molting of young immature stages, disrupting larval development.[4] They can also act on eggs, causing sterility, disrupting behavior or disrupting diapause, the process that causes an insect to become dormant before winter.[3] IGRs that inhibit JH production can cause insects to prematurely molt into a nonfunctional adult.[3] IGRs that inhibit ecdysone can cause pupal mortality by interrupting the transformation of larval tissues into adult tissues during the pupal stage.[4]
Chitin synthesis inhibitors[edit]
Chitin synthesis inhibitors work by preventing the formation of chitin, a carbohydrate needed to form the insect's exoskeleton. With these inhibitors, an insect grows normally until it molts. The inhibitors prevent the new exoskeleton from forming properly, causing the insect to die. Death may be quick, or take up to several days depending on the insect. Chitin synthesis inhibitors can also kill eggs by disrupting normal embryonic development.[2][3] Chitin synthesis inhibitors affect insects for longer periods of time than hormonal IGRs. These are also quicker acting but can affect predaceous insects, arthropods and even fish.[2] Compounds include benzoylurea pesticides.
 1. ^ a b "Insect Growth Regulators". Retrieved 20 November 2010.
 2. ^ a b c Harris, Su and Waindle, Marianne. "Insect Growth Regulators (IGRs)" (PDF). Retrieved 20 November 2010.
 3. ^ a b c d e Krysan, James and Dunley, John. "Insect Growth Regulators". Retrieved 20 November 2010.
 4. ^ a b c d e "IGRs -- A Growing, But Misunderstood Group". GPN: Greenhouse Product News. Retrieved 20 November 2010.


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Writers Write is your one-stop resource for writers. We have put together 9 examples of sub-genres in crime fiction to help you with your writing.
All crime fiction is based on the fact that there is a mystery to be solved. Usually, a crime has been committed and a murderer, a spy, or a thief must be caught. The genre will always be popular and it has developed many sub-genres over the years.
Here are nine of the most popular sub-genres in crime fiction:
- In the cosy mystery genre, the detective is usually an amateur, the violence is never described in detail, and the setting is often a small town. The detective uses his or her powers of observation and deduction, as well as an excellent general knowledge to solve the crime. Example: Agatha Christie's 'Miss Marples'
- In the hard-boiled private investigator genre, the detective works in a large city, and the violence is explicit. The detective follows clues in the dark underbelly of the city. Example: Mickey Spillane's 'Mike Hammer'
- The legal thriller requires research into the rules and procedures of a legal world. Readers want to know what happens after a crime is committed and an arrest is made. You can use crises of legal conscience to make your characters more rounded. Examples: John Grisham and Richard North Patterson write in this genre
- Modern PIs are sometimes women, often former policemen, and wisecracking loners who usually carry a weapon. (They can also be bounty hunters.) They are usually hired by private individuals to solve mysteries or crimes, and to find people. Examples: Lawrence Block's 'Matt Scudder', Janet Evanovich's 'Stephanie Plum', and Sue Grafton's 'Kinsey Milhone'
- The police procedural is realistic and should be as accurate as the author can make it. The reader is taken to squad rooms, morgues, courts, and crime scenes. This genre is complicated and the detective is often under a lot of pressure. For example, he could be dealing with many cases, he generally has personal problems with relationships, and his superiors want the case solved. There are secondary characters, including suspects, police officers, lawyers, and criminals. Examples: Ian Rankin's 'Rebus', Michael Connelly's 'Harry Bosch', and James Patterson's 'Alex Cross'
- The medical thriller is a suspense novel that takes place in a hospital. The protagonists are usually doctors or nurses. The plot is based on situations unique to medicine and medical research. Examples: Robin Cooke, Michael Crichton and Tess Gerritsen write in this genre.
- The forensic thriller is a fairly new genre. The lead character is usually a woman who is a scientist or pathologist. Research is needed. Accuracy is essential. Most of the action takes place in crime scenes and morgues, and in the lead character's home. Examples: Jeffery Deaver's 'Lincoln Rhyme', Patricia Cornwell's 'Kay Scarpetta', and Kathy Reichs's 'Temperance Brennan'
- The general suspense thriller features a protagonist who is generally thrown into the action in the aftermath of a crime. This hero is often an ordinary person who is called on to solve a problem. Sometimes, this person must prove his or her innocence, often to the police and other characters in the novel. Examples: Lee Child's 'Jack Reacher'; Gillian Flynn and Dennis Lehane also write in this genre.
- The military thriller has a protagonist who is often a member of the military, MI5 or MI6, the CIA or the FBI, or a consultant to a military agency. Readers of this genre love the details and a lot of research is necessary. Often the criminals are crooked politicians or terrorists. The action often spans continents. Example: Tom Clancy's 'Jack Ryan'
© Amanda Patterson
If you enjoyed this post, read:
- The 17 Most Popular Genres In Fiction – And Why They Matter
- All About Writing Crime Fiction – Five Reasons to Write Crime
- 10 Deadly Poisons – A crime writer's resource
- Seven Important Crime-Writing Guidelines


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Cartesian mechanisms have long been the mainstay of pick-and-place operations. They are simple to design and easy to program. Using linear actuators to move in X, Y and Z enables engineers to map end-effector coordinates directly to actuator positions. The velocity and acceleration of each axis are easy to calculate, and single-feedback control loops can be used on each axis.
However, Cartesian mechanisms are not without limitations. For one, they require a lot of space. And since two or three actuators are stacked one atop the other, when one motor is moving, the other motors are dead weight. Add the weight of the power and control cables—not to mention the payload—and that's a lot of mass to move around.
"You can only make a ballscrew move so fast," says Kevin Hull, senior applications engineer at Yaskawa America Inc. "And Cartesian systems need support structures, like linear bearings, that can take up a lot of space. Today, engineers are trying to make things smaller, faster, less expensive and more efficient. Kinematics is a way to do that."
Engineers are increasingly using kinematic mechanisms to perform pick-and-place operations in assembly machines, case loaders and other equipment. A classic example of a kinematic mechanism is a delta-2 robot. The delta-2 is a parallel robot with two legs. Each leg consists of one actuated joint and two passive joints. Due to its mechanical design, this robot has only two degrees of freedom, which means that it can move only in the XZ plane.
With a kinematic mechanism, neither the motors nor the power and control cables move with the end-effector. As a result, the mechanism is lighter and quicker than a Cartesian system. And since less rotary motion is needed to create the linear motion of the end-effector, kinematic mechanisms are also more durable than Cartesian systems, says Hull.
Although kinematic mechanisms are more efficient than Cartesian systems, they are not easier to program. Because the position of the end-effector is not determined by straight-line motion, complex calculations are needed to move the tool from point A to point B.
"Most controllers are set up for a Cartesian system—you have inputs for X, Y and Z," explains Doug Meyer, senior project engineer at Yaskawa. "Kinematic mechanisms achieve motion through the theta 1 and theta 2 axes, yet they operate in a plane. So, you have to program the system in terms of angle 1 and angle 2."
In March, Yaskawa introduced new software that promises to simplify the process of programming kinematic mechanisms. The Kinematics Toolbox for Yaskawa's MotionWorks IEC controllers enables engineers to program kinematic mechanisms using standard Cartesian coordinates. The controller automatically handles the mathematical translations.
The toolbox includes two PLCopen control function blocks for programming delta-2 and four-bar kinematic mechanisms. The function blocks provide virtual Cartesian axes, "so engineers can create their normal application code; they just do it for virtual axes," says Meyer. "The function block automatically translates that virtual Cartesian motion into real motion in the kinematic space."
Ordinarily, a delta-style kinematic mechanism would require dedicated robot controller. With the Kinematics Toolbox, engineers can save that cost and control the mechanism with the same general purpose controller that's governing other axes of motion on the machine.
The Toolbox uses the IEC6113-3 programming environment, which enables engineers write code in any of five languages: ladder diagram, function block diagram, structured text, sequential function chart and instruction list. "That makes programming easier," says Meyer. "You can use ladder for I/O, function blocks for motion, and text for calculations and initialization."


Approval workflow of timesheet in a few steps:
 1. Submit
 2. Approve/Reject
 3. Lock/Unlock
The process of submitting the hours has been explained in details here.
After the hours have been submitted, depending on how the project has been set, logged hours can be automatically approved or must be approved by a project manager.
How does it know a user if the hours needs to be approved or not?
After the hours have been submit by the user, each status is identified through a color code as explained in the legend from timesheet.
Automatically approved or need review before approvalIn the imagine above the hours submitted on the projects" Axaxio" and "Main App" needs to be approved. The hours submitted on "Glass" project have been automatically approved.
Who can approve/reject the hours submitted on a project?
The persons who have the following access level: "Project Manager", "Project Director", "Accounting" and have been added into the "Project managers" table from the project's page. They will have full access to the project data (rates, allocations).
The person with access level "Administrator" is the only person who can approve or reject hours even if hasn't been added into "Project managers" table from a specific project.
How can be approved/rejected hours submitted on a project?
 1. Go to "Timesheet" from menu.
 2. Go to "Approve/Reject" tab
If you have hours submitted who needs to be reviewed, these will be shown here as you can see in the imagine below.
Approval workflow for timesheetsYou can use the filters from sidebar to approve hours only for a specific project or for a specific person.
Even more, you have the possibility to add comment for hours who have been submitted.
The hours are approved manually for a better accuracy for each project, phase or activity in part, separately for each week submitted and for each individual.
If you want to approve the hours, click on "Approve" button, otherwise click on "Reject" button.
Approval/Rejection NoteIf you "Approve" the hours, these will appear into timesheet in cells with green border.
If you "Reject" the hours, these will appear into timesheet in cell with red border.
The user can be notified as well automatically by email if the hours have been approved or rejected.
Timesheet submitted hours versus Hours logged on tasks
As reviewer, you will be able to compare for each user the hours who have been submitted through timesheet versus hours logged on tasks.
Hours can be modified after they have been approved?
No, the person who needs to modify the hours that are already approved, will have to go to his manager/accounting to "Open and resubmit" the hours again.
After the changes are done, the person will have to submit once again the hours, by clicking on "Submit week".
The hours submitted again will be sent to be reviewed once again.
Lock/Unlock hours
 1. Go to "Timesheet" from menu.
 2. Click on "Lock/Unlock" tab.
Meaning of lock and unlock hoursOnce you "Lock" the hours the hours can not be modified anymore by the users who submitted the hours. This extra layer of security is good for when you want to create a report for the client with the hours who will be invoiced and you want to avoid as an user to change the hours in the meantime after have been already approved.
You have to lock the hours for each week and individual for each week. It's your choice if you want to:
 - Lock only the hours who have been already approved, or
 - Lock all the hours (saved, allocated)
choose if you want to lock all the hours who have been submitted
Who has the right to lock and unlock the hours?
Only the persons who have the following access level: "Accounting" or "Administrator" can lock or unlock the hours.
How can be hours automatically locked?
The hours will be automatically locked only after the invoice has been issued directly from elapseit based on the timesheet logged.
How does a user know if the hours are locked or not?
The hours locked will appears into the timesheet having a lock icon inside the cell.
Locked hours in timesheet
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As you know, the cryptocurrency rate always changes. The same happens to the rate of collateral you pledged to get a loan. If collateral is insufficient or exceeds the necessary amount, you will get a notification. But you can actually increase your collateral on at any time.
Step 1.
Log in to your account and tap "My Account."
Tap "Wallet."
Choose "Deposit."
Currently, there are 3 cryptocurrencies accepted as collateral currencies ꟷ BTC, EMC and USDT. Choose any to your preference. The system will automatically generate a corresponding wallet address for collateral (upon your choice ꟷ BTC, EMC or USDT), copy it and transfer funds from your personal crypto wallet to the provided wallet address.
Step 2.
Actually, made borrowing simpler and accessible. Now you can deposit collateral while reviewing Loan Requests placed by qualified lenders. Simply tap "Deposit Collateral."
In the rest of the cases, you are able to deposit collateral while applying for a loan.
Pledging collateral does not take long and you will get your loan in due time.


GEOM 2 | Lesson 3 | Think
Recall the ramps we discussed in the previous lesson. What was the ratio we discussed yesterday in relation to the ramp? What is the ratio defined as in terms of the sides in the triangle? What was true about that ratio for all angles of the same measure?
Explore & Watch


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Our children have been collecting acorns from the treed area of our school yard (pretty soon the squirrels will start protesting!) and thus we decided to make these wooden acorn name place cards that also double as tree ornaments – perfect for Fall, Thanksgiving or the upcoming holiday season.
- Blank wooden ornaments (purchased from a craft store) OR smooth rocks (we showed both options)
- Brown acrylic paint
- Paint brush
- Sewing materials (*optional)
- Thick paper
- Glue (we suggest either fabric or wood glue)
- Sewing marker (*Optional: we suggest this for younger kids)
We always find these items helpful too:
- Craft tray
- Go for a nature walk with an adult, trying to look for acorns to inspire your design. This would be the perfect time to collect smooth rocks that you think have the shape of an acorn if you are going with that option.
- Many stores have their Christmas stock out so we added a twist on the ornament shape, converting it into an acorn. However, you can use your collected rocks just as easily for this activity!
- Don your smock and paint the top of your ornament. Allow to dry overnight. Or if you like, leave them in their natural state.
- Lay your ornament onto your felt and trace around it with a sewing marker. Our son wanted to do it free hand, cutting around the ornament itself.
- Then cut off the bottom portion of your felt copy of the ornament, forming the acorn cap with the top.
- If you would like, sew some details on.
- Snip a small hole in the top of the felt to pull through the hanging loop.
- Here is an example of the rock option acorns:
- Once you have attached your cap, glue it on, using either fabric or wood glue. (White, craft glue might work too.)
- On your cardstock, write out the names of the family and/or friends attending your dinner. If your child is younger make the letters of the names using small dots for them to trace over or if they are capable, write the names out on another piece of paper for them to copy. Cut them out and attach them with glue to your acorns. Allow to dry overnight and then add them to your holiday table- a perfect little gift for each guest to take home following your celebration!
- Creating meaningful reasons to write.
- Celebrating various holidays.
- We suggest that you wear a smock and use a craft tray to protect your clothing and surfaces.
- Use scissors and sewing materials with care and adult supervision.
Make it Your Own is a Canadian children's website. We hope to inspire educators and families with projects to do together, explorations of various mediums and techniques and to get out into nature to source supplies. We love re-imagining items and thinking of new ways to share children's artwork. We are often described as "an educational mom, a digital dad and their three mini-makers.