text:
Assigned Tarot at Birth
Most folks know their astrological or zodiac sign, meaning their sun sign. Many might also know their moon and rising signs. Some people are aware of their life path number in numerology as well, but did you know you also have a Tarot birth card? You do! You have at least two, sometimes three, Tarot birth cards, and you can use your date of birth to find them.
Major Arcana Tarot cards, the ones we are focused on here, are numbered from 0 to 21, and for birth cards, usually only those numbered from 1 to 21 are used. But just to make things more interesting, some belief systems make the 0 card into 22, then reduce the 22 to 4 (2+2=4).
Some schools of numerology simply pick the day of birth as one birth number. Then they take the month, day, and year numbers of the date of birth, and add these numbers up together for an additional birth number. Some practitioners add these numbers up in different ways. It's all easy-peasy to figure out, but it can reveal worlds of knowledge about what is certainly one of the most fascinating topics on earth: Yourself, of course! (And anyone else you care about, naturally.) So, to learn about how to find your birth cards in Tarot, jump right into this pool of wonderful You!
Calculating Your Tarot Birth Cards
There are two ways to calculate your Tarot birth cards. To calculate one birth card, you add all of the numbers in your birthdate together (month, day, year.) For example, if your birthday is December 20, 1987, you will add 1 + 2 + 2 + 0 + 1 + 9 + 8 + 7 = 30. Any number higher than 21 should be reduced further by adding the two digits together (e.g. 3 + 0 = 3). So, for this example, the Birth Card is card number 3 – the Empress.
The second method assumes that you have two birth cards. To find them, add the numbers in your birth date – i.e. DD + MM + 19 + YY. (For those born in the year 2000 and beyond, use 20 instead of 19.) For example, if your birthday is February 20, 1954, you will add 2 + 20 + 19 + 54 = 77
Then add those 2 digits together. In this case, 7 + 7 = 14. This gives us the first Birth Card – Temperance (card number 14). Next, reduce this down to one number for the second Birth Card (e.g. 1 + 4 = 5) – the Hierophant.
If your birthday adds up to a three-digit number (e.g. 12 + 20 + 19 + 87 = 138), the first two digits will become one number (e.g. 13) and are added to the third digit (e.g. 13 + 8 = 21).
The first Birth Card would be the World. The second Birth Card is the Empress (2 + 1 = 3).
The Master Number Question
To dive a little deeper into this, if any of your numbers add up to 11, 22, or 33, these are master numbers and have an even more powerful influence in your life. Many say we are not to break master numbers down, as in 11: 1+1=2, but it can be helpful to read the reduced results to add even more insight into yourself. So, in this case, you would read 11 as both Justice (11) and the High Priestess (2). Since the Major Arcana only has the master numbers of 11 (Justice) and potentially 22 (the Fool) represented, think of 33 when reduced as being a more power-packed 6 and read the Lovers card for more enlightenment.
Questions to Ask About Your Birthdays
Now, in addition to the brief meanings described below, you get to do your own spiritual sleuthing by simply studying each card with the eye of a Soul Detective and asking yourself some questions, such as:
- What is your card telling you? If you but gaze upon it with a sincere heart and a listening inner ear, it will speak to you.
- What does it want to teach you?
- You might be drawn to the colors, the symbols, or the figures in a card. How do they resonate with you?
Learn Your Card Through Dreams
You might even try to read your card using a method from Edgar Cayce. He did this to absorb information inside books. (It worked. He'd wake up the next morning knowing what the book said, and he did this without reading any of it before he went to sleep.) Put the card under your pillow, then set your subconscious mind to work and ask for dreams to give you guidance from your birth card.
Meaning of Each Tarot Birth Card
Here is the promised list of essential meanings for each card and how they can work together for you. (If you hunger for more soul knowledge, be sure to check with one of our Numerology Psychics for deeper guidance.)
1/10 Magician/Wheel of Fortune
You are a natural manifester of good luck and fortune, and you can ride the ups and downs of life using the magical force of the Universe like a pro.
2/11 High Priestess/Justice
You have a balanced way of looking at life and you see the truth of things with your intuitive gift of clear, detached insight.
3/12 Empress/Hanged Man
You create from your soul, and you nurture who and what you love from a gentle, deeply spiritual place of peace.
You are a powerful conduit of life's energy, for you have the faith and trust to create needed change, upon which you build a new life with clear sight.
You are a healing Earth angel who brings balance, freedom, and light to structure, convention, and tradition through teaching, mentoring, and guidance.
6/15 Lovers/the Devil
You are the essence of love in all its forms, and you strive to always choose higher love over the basest passions, as Universal Love flows through you with every breath you take.
7/16 Chariot/the Tower
You are courageous in your determination to remove barriers and shake off obstacles as you gallop across the stars creating positive change.
You shine with the power of the sun, moon, and stars, and you are blessed with the strength of love in your being as you inspire others to feel greater hope and optimism.
9/18 Hermit/the Moon
Meditation is a natural state for you, for you are enchanted by the hidden mysteries of things, and intuitively sense that which cannot be physically seen.
1/10/19 Magician/Wheel of Fortune/the Sun
You are a fireball of love and light, filled with optimism that every turn of events will work together for your good, because you know you are a master of manifestation.
2/20 High Priestess/Judgement
You are awake, aware, perceptive, and very sensitive to the calling of Spirit as you rise up from the mundane and see all things from the perspective of the Mystic.
3/21 Empress/the World
You joyfully give birth to wondrous creations, inspiring others to fulfill their heart's desires and see them blossom as they unite with their deep inner power.
Looking for a deeper connection to Spirit? A tarot card reading is your answer. Tarot cards give you a direct connection to Spirit so you receive profound insights into your past, present, and future. Our tarot card psychics interpret Spirit's messages for you so you know what you're getting is the unadulterated truth.
Find a tarot card psychic or learn more about tarot card readings.
About California Psychics
California Psychics is the most trusted source of psychic readings. We have delivered over 6 million discreet and confidential psychic readings by phone since 1995. More than a prediction, we are your guide for life's journey. Serenity, happiness, and success are just a phone call away. With over 400 psychics online to choose from, you're sure to find the best psychics for you. Call one of our trusted and accurate psychics today! Confidential and secure, real psychics, accurate predictions, 100% guaranteed.


TY - JOUR T1 - Sexual dimorphism in the human corpus callosum JF - Science JO - Science SP - 1431 LP - 1432 DO - 10.1126/science._PHONE_ VL - 216 IS - 4553 AU - DeLacoste-Utamsing, C AU - Holloway, RL Y1 - 1982/06/25 UR - _URL_ N2 - Preliminary observations suggest a sex difference in the shape and surface area of the human corpus callosum. The sexual dimorphism is striking in the splenium, the caudal or posterior portion of the corpus callosum. The female splenium is both more bulbous and larger than the male counterpart. Since peristriate, parietal, and superior temporal fibers course through the splenium, this finding could be related to possible gender differences in the degree of lateralization for visuospatial functions. ER -


text:
This PhD dissertation investigates the effects of autocratic survival strategies; specifically, the different potential trade-offs that are associated with these strategies. The dissertation argues that at least three types of trade-offs can be associated with autocratic survival strategies. Firstly, a strategy can have different effects on a dictator's vulnerability to threats from actors inside the regime and threats from actors outside the regime, respectively. Accordingly, the same strategy may decrease a dictator's vulnerability to insider threats while increasing his vulnerability to outsider threats. Secondly, a strategy may have different effects on a dictator's vulnerability in the short and in the long term. Hence, while a strategy may help the dictator secure his hold on power in the long run, the same strategy may jeopardize his hold on power in the short run. Thirdly, a strategy may have different effects on a dictator's ability to stay in office and the level of discretionary power that he enjoys while in office. As a result, while a strategy may be effective at helping the dictator survive in office, it may do so at the cost of constraining his discretionary power and access to material benefits during his tenure. These arguments are supported by the four articles of the dissertation, which investigate the effects of different types of survival strategies through a series of time-series cross-sectional analyses of global samples of autocracies. The findings contribute to increasing and nuancing our understanding of the effects of autocratic survival strategies.
Ophavsretten tilhører Politica. Materialet må ikke bruges eller distribueres i kommercielt øjemed.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Miriam has four children, although she has given birth six times. Two infants unfortunately died within days of birth. However, her most recent birth was different in that Miriam and her female relatives had learned from the local female community health worker (CHW) about the importance of keeping the baby warm.
An old custom of washing a newborn soon after birth is being discounted with the knowledge that infants were becoming sick. Instead, a baby should be gently dried with a towel and placed next to the mother's skin. Washing should wait until later.
"Until I received training about the care of newborn babies, I followed our old customs. I did not realize how important it is to keep the baby warm after birth," said a CHW. "Embracing a newborn against the mother's warm skin is so simple, and the mothers like it, too."
With nearly nine out of 10 births in Afghanistan still occurring in the home, USAID is training local health workers in essential maternal and newborn care. They then teach pregnant mothers and their families the simple but important actions they can take to preserve the lives of newborns.
Although general health has improved since 2002, Afghanistan remains a country with some of the poorest health indicators worldwide. Afghanistan has one of the highest mortality rates of any nation: about one in five children die before the age of five. Approximately 80 percent of women in rural Afghanistan give birth outside a health facility without a skilled birth provider. Consequently, teaching basic newborn care along with other basic health skills to community care providers is a vital part of the Ministry of Public Health's national strategy.
Together, USAID and the Afghan Ministry of Health are helping save the lives of babies born in rural homes by ensuring that local health workers know the key newborn care skills to share with pregnant mothers and their families. Families can be more confident and better prepared for their babies' births.
Last updated: June 05, 2012

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
The Catalog Manager allows you to filter the data resources in a catalog and show only the selected resources to you.
To filter resources in a catalog:
- In the Catalog Manager, select Filter View on the toolbar. The Filter View dialog appears.
- Provide a filter condition in the Filter Expression text box. Use "*" to stand for any string, and use "?" to stand for any character. Also you can leave this text box blank.
- Select the Case Sensitive checkbox if you want Logi JReport to distinguish between uppercase and lowercase characters when filtering.
- In the Select the elements to include in the view box, check the resource types you want to remain in the catalog resource tree.
- If you want to select/deselect all the resource types under one certain data source, check/uncheck the checkbox of the data source node.
- If you want to select/deselect all the resource types in the box, select the Select All/Deselect All button.
- Select the OK button to filter the resources.
The filter result will be the union of the resources that match the filter condition and the selected resource types.


text:
History, the arch-enemy of the politically correct
The common denominator among many seems to be historical ignorance and its illegitimate stepchild, political correctness. The current and seemingly neverending flap over the Confederate battle flag is a great example.
Everywhere is the cry - racism, the flag represents slavery - when the Confederate Flag is mentioned. A better example of educational ignorance cannot be found.
Fact 1. The chief inspector of the U.S. Sanitary Commission, (Hospital Corps), Dr. Lewis Steiner, reported that he saw about 3,000 well-armed black Confederate soldiers in Stonewall Jackson's army in Frederick, Maryland, and that those soldiers were "manifestly an integral portion of the Southern Confederate Army." (Union Army Records)
Fact 2. The five "Civilized Tribes" of American Indians fought for the Confederacy with Stand Watie being promoted to general in May of 1864. No person of color ever attained the rank of general in the Union Army. (Source: Cherokee Nation Archives)
Fact 3. Because of the Spanish heritage of many areas of the Deep South, a number of Confederate regiments from the states such as South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Louisiana, Texas and Mississippi contained men with Spanish surnames. (Source: Ted Alexander, Historian, Antietam National Battle Field)
Fact 4. In 1862, General Ulysses S. Grant initiated one of the most blatant official episodes of anti-Semitism in 19th-century American history. In December of that year, Grant issued his infamous General Order No. 11, which expelled all Jews from Kentucky, Tennessee and Mississippi. (Source: American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise)
Fact 5. Senior Senator from Louisiana, Benjamin P. Judah, the first Senator of Jewish decent in America, married to a Creole lady, said this to his colleagues in Louisiana just prior to that state's secession from the Union: "An enslaved and servile race you can never make of us-never! Never!" (Source: Jewish Confederates, Robert N. Rosen)
History shows all the above occurred under the Stars and Stripes, yet, not one word from the folks in Dolores seeking to ban that flag.
History is the arch-enemy of the politically correct. Should anyone this ignorant of history be teaching our children?


text:
Paper to digital archiving of documents is arguably the most vital step in an organisations attempt in their transition towards paperless. As time goes on the volumes of paper, containing letters, contracts, records and so forth piles up and becomes increasingly difficult to manage in the following ways:
Difficult to search and retrieve old records
Version control becomes difficult
Storage costs increase
Business processes become inefficient
The Document Capture paper to digital solution works as follows:
Paper documents scanned and imported into the system
Documents converted into searchable and editable text
Documents are indexed
Documents exported to a digital library for long-term storage
Most organisations offer a quick and ready to use digital archiving solution. Document Capture's added value is through our ability to intelligently capture and extract data from the paper and a unique and interactive performance dashboard to make data actionable.
Access documents anytime, from any location.
Find the document you need, quickly and easily.
Streamlined document management. Files stored in appropriate digital library whereby their usage can be monitored and managed.
Re-use printed text. Original documents can be edited in Microsoft Word or Excel, saves times re-creating or re-typing documents.


text:
Over the past couple of weeks we have been researching some reports regarding encryption not handling attachments correctly. During the process, the error that kept printing on the back end processing was ""Content-Type: application/ms-tnef; name="winmail.dat" Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64"". If Outlook sends a message using the RTF format (which is not very common outside Outlook) for bold text and other text enhancements, it includes the formatting commands in the winmail.dat file. Receiving email clients that do not understand the code therein display it as a stale attachment. To make matters worse, Outlook may also pack other, regular file attachments in the winmail.dat file. That's the bad news, the good news is that fix is a piece of cake.
In Outlook 2010 you go through File, then Options and check the box below:
In Outlook 2007 you go through Tools, then Options:
1. Go to the Mail Format tab.
2. Under Compose in this message format:, make sure either HTML or Plain Text is selected.
3. Click Internet Format.
4. Make sure either Convert to Plain Text format or Convert to HTML format is selected under When sending Outlook Rich Text messages to Internet recipients, use this format:
5. Ok to submit.
VP Support Services, ExchangeDefender
_PHONE_


text:
It takes more than communication to form and maintain communion among persons. The bonds of communion are determined and developed by promises and their fulfillment, while the boundaries of various communities are marked by appropriate confidentiality. Promises and secrets are important instruments which love uses to form and articulate interpersonal communion in a multiplicity of communities.
A promise is a deliberate and free expression both of an intention to fulfill another's hope and of the acceptance of the added responsibility which follows from expressing an intention to do so.41 Promises can be unilateral, but many promises, such as those involved in most legal contracts, are bilateral or even multilateral.
Promises enable two or more persons to will together over some stretch of time; such union of wills is necessary for dependable cooperation, which, in turn, is necessary for effective community of every sort. Love requires Christians to build up community, and so it requires them to make and keep promises.
a) To make a binding promise, certain conditions must be met. Since a promise is a deliberate and free act, only those capable of such acts can make binding promises. For this reason, children who do not yet have the use of reason cannot make promises, while immature or unsophisticated people cannot make binding promises about matters beyond their competence. Coercion, including psychological pressure, invalidates any promise made due to it, because in limiting the options available for free choice coercion excludes the free self-giving required to form or build up community.
If someone makes a promise which would not have been made except for deception or fraud, those who deceived or defrauded have no right that the promise be kept. The duty to keep it is nullified by a requirement of fairness: people may not by wrongdoing acquire claims upon those they wrong.
Since a promise expresses the intention to fulfill another's hope, nobody can make a promise to which no hope corresponds. Sometimes the hope comes first: one party desires something, asks another for it, and receives a promise in response. For example, an employee asks his or her employers for a salary increase, and the employers say they will give it if certain conditions are met. Sometimes the offer of a promise arouses a hope that completes and validates the promise: one party proposes a promise of something to another, that proposal arouses a response of hope, and communicating that response (sometimes by a merely tacit consent) consummates the promise. For example, a mother tells her children she will take them to the zoo Sunday afternoon if they finish all their homework by then, and as a result the children count on her for the enjoyable excursion.
Since a promise also expresses a responsibility to fulfill its corresponding hope, a binding promise cannot be made while simultaneously implying there is no responsibility to keep it, for example, by saying it would be wrong to do so.
b) In making promises, one should be truthful. Since a promise is a communication, making promises plainly involves the same responsibility to be truthful that holds for every communication. But since a special responsibility is accepted in making a promise, there also is a special responsibility to be truthful, for deception in making promises involves a will which is inconsistent with the will to keep them.
c) In making promises, relevant conventions should be observed. Since a promise is a communicative expression, it often is impossible to make a promise without more or less carefully observing relevant conventions. Some may be informal, for example, languages provide various expressions suitable for making promises. Others are formal: legal systems establish conditions for making many promises, especially bilateral ones that constitute contracts.
When relevant conventions must be observed in order to make binding promises, they plainly should be observed, and deliberate failure to do so is deception in simulating a promise. But even when a binding promise can be made without observing relevant conventions, they should be observed unless there is a reason to set them aside; for this makes the promise more effective, by making it clearer that a promise is made and defining more precisely what may be hoped for and what must be done to fulfill that hope.
d) Promises sometimes lose their obligatory force. Many promises, especially bilateral ones, are made subject to expressed conditions; and, since a promise expresses an intention, its obligatory force is limited by such expressed conditions. Therefore, promises lose their obligatory force if the conditions are not met.
Since no one ever is obliged to do what is impossible or morally wrong, this happens if one discovers that a promise simply cannot be kept or can be kept only by doing something morally wrong. And, since a hope corresponds to a promise, it also happens if the person or persons who would benefit from the keeping of the promise both are competent judges of their own interests and make it clear that they do not care whether the promise is kept. Similarly, those who would benefit from the fulfillment of promises can freely choose to accept something else in place of what was promised or even entirely to concede their claim to it.
Very often, those who make promises would not do so if they then knew something of which they are ignorant—especially, but not only, if they foresaw changes in circumstances which make carrying out the promise more onerous than expected. Someone might argue that, since ignorance takes away freedom, promises that would not be made except for ignorance necessarily lack obligatory force. In making promises, however, people are aware that they may be ignorant of some facts and do not completely foresee the future; yet within some limits of error and ignorance, they express their intention nevertheless to do what they promise. In the nature of the case, the limits cannot be specified in advance; instead, when the problem arises they are determined by what is fair, all things considered. Thus, a promise does not lack obligatory force merely because it would not have been made except for ignorance, but it does lose obligatory force if unforeseen conditions render keeping the promise unfairly burdensome.
Sometimes those concerned, after being fully informed, agree in judging what are fair limits to unforeseen burdens, or at least agree to accept a mediator's judgment. In any case, a conscientious promiser begins with the presumption that fair limits have not been passed and the promise should be kept, and considers the obligation extinguished only when morally certain that it has been.
e) Breaking a promise sometimes but not always is a grave matter. Provided a promise retains its obligatory force, its breaking or neglect is inherently wrong. But how wrong? No general answer is possible, since many factors have a bearing on the extent to which people want and expect those who have made promises to be held to them; these factors include the character of the relationship between the parties as well as the magnitude of disappointment, loss, and/or harm which will result from breaking the promise. However, it is clear that breaking a promise sometimes is light matter. Indeed, since promises often lose their obligatory force, a culpable failure with little adverse impact seldom seems worth distinguishing from a reasonable judgment that the promise was not binding. Still, if significant loss or harm will result, failure to keep a promise surely is a grave matter.
Secret does not refer here to everything any individual or society wishes to hide, but only to something that someone or some group has some morally acceptable reason for hiding. Concealment to facilitate wrongdoing is not in question here.
a) Secrecy can be good insofar as community is rightly limited. Since communication builds up community, it is clear that sincerity, openness, and generosity in communicating generally are good. The goodness of secrecy, which presupposes outsiders—those to whom what is hidden is not communicated—is not so clear. However, secrecy obviously is important for intimate communion, such as that between spouses, by enabling the partners to reveal themselves more fully than they would or rightly could to others. And, in general, secrecy is important for building community, for it allows those voluntarily entering or participating in it to exercise freedom in revealing themselves, as they must do in order to give themselves to others. Moreover, all communities except that of the new covenant are rightly limited in various ways, and secrecy protects indi~viduals' and communities' identities, by restricting access to themselves and to what is their own.
In the fallen world, secrecy often is necessary for additional reasons. It facilitates the doing of good acts without mixed motives, which is why Jesus urges that prayer, fasting, and almsgiving be done in private (see Mt 6.1–6). Again, it is a necessary condition for communities to pursue or protect various goods: it protects plans, ideas, and strategies against those who might use them unfairly; it protects things such as deliberations or preparatory drafts that might be misunderstood or maliciously used; it protects property that might be unjustly taken. Hence, individuals sometimes rightly keep secret what they share in any particular community, and communities sometimes rightly keep secret what they share with one another.
b) The responsibility regarding secrets can have different bases. Since secret here refers to something an individual or group has a morally acceptable reason for keeping hidden, the first and general basis for the responsibility with respect to any secret is the good directly at stake and the requirement of fairness: one wants to keep one's own secrets and so should protect and respect others'.
A second basis for responsibility with respect to certain secrets is that valuable interpersonal relationships depend on trust that those secrets will be kept. On this basis, there is a special duty with regard to the secrets of sacramental confession (see 4.C.5.k), intimate communication between husband and wife or between friends, professional secrets, secrets children confide to parents, and so on.
These basic duties often are reinforced by a promise, whether unilateral or contractual, by a law or other social norm, or by both a promise and a social norm.
c) Secrecy often is qualified and cannot be presumed. The responsibility to keep a secret often is qualified, so that its basis is satisfied and


text:
Cloudy Day Sunny Day
February 3, 2012 7:35 AM Subscribe
What is the sunniest day of the year? and how is that determined?
Of course this varies by location. For me, right now, that's Portland Oregon, but next month these architects I work with might consider a building in a different location.
posted by Prince_of_Cups to science & nature (3 answers total)
I am asked, given TMY3 data (here's a list of the relevant data in the TMY3 set
), how to determine the sunniest days and most overcast days in the typical meteorological year data set.
Are "sunniest day" (or "least overcast day") and "most overcast day" defined in meteorology? or are they bogus data deployed by evening news weatherpeople to fill air time?
Is there an accepted means to determine the record day for least and most overcast, taking into account direct/diffuse normal/horizontal illuminance and hourly sky cover?
Bonus question: can anyone recommend a good textbook introduction to meteorology that provides an understanding of the definitions and statistics used in the field?


text:
Presentation on theme: "Mary Davis, DrPH, MSPH; NC Institute for Public Health Kristin Adams, Ph.D., CHES; Indiana State Department of Health."— Presentation transcript:
Mary Davis, DrPH, MSPH; NC Institute for Public Health Kristin Adams, Ph.D., CHES; Indiana State Department of Health
Performance Measurement Definitions Performance measurement is the "regular collection and reporting of data to track work produced and results achieved" Performance measure is "the specific quantitative representation of capacity, process, or outcome deemed relevant to the assessment of performance" Performance measurement is NOT punishment
Monitoring the results of performance review against PHAB Standards and Program Evaluation Monitoring Indicators and Outcomes
Dr. Mary Davis is a Senior Investigator at the NC Institute for Public Health and Adjunct Assistant Professor in the Department of Health Behavior, both part of the UNC, Gillings School of Global Public Health. Since Dr. Davis conducts public health systems and services research and program evaluations using participatory approaches; specialty areas are accreditation, quality improvement, and public health partnerships. Her experiences in these areas have been shaped by participating in the Multi-State Learning Collaborative, evaluation of the NC Local Health Department Accreditation program, and working with the NNPHI and CDC to evaluation the National Public Health Improvement Initiative. Dr. Davis earned her doctorate from the Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health and her masters in science in public health from the University of Alabama at Birmingham.
Dr. Kristin Adams is the Director of the Office of Public Health Performance Management at the Indiana State Department of Health (ISDH). She oversees agency performance management, quality improvement, and future public health accreditation efforts. She was the Principal Investigator in Indiana for the Multi-State Learning Collaborative grant. She is currently the Principal Investigator for the National Public Health Improvement Initiative cooperative agreement from CDC. Prior to joining ISDH, Dr. Adams worked for a national non-profit agency focusing on program evaluation and training for health programs targeted toward girls and young women. Dr. Adams has taught numerous health education courses and has presented at national and international conferences. Dr. Adams holds a BS and MA in School Health Education from Indiana State University, a Ph.D. in Health Education from Southern Illinois University Carbondale, and is a Certified Health Education Specialist.
Performance Measurement: Nuts and Bolts Basics Mary V. Davis, DrPH, MSPH Open Forum for Quality Improvement November 20, 2013
Outline What is a performance measure? Where are performance measures in a performance management system? What should be in place before establishing measures? What's a system of work? What are the characteristics of a useful process measure? How do you go about establishing useful process measures?
What is a Performance Measure? Performance Measurement is regular collection and reporting of data to track work produced and results achieved. Performance Measure is quantitative representation of –Capacity –Process –Outcome
Where are Performance Measures in a Performance Management System? YOU ARE HERE!
Standards and Measures: PHAB Example Standard 9.1: Use a performance management system to monitor achievement of organizational objectives. –Measure 9.1.2 A Implement a performance management system. –Use a process to determine and report on achievement of goals, objectives, and measures set by the performance management system.
Quality Improvement Projects and Process Improvement Opportunities Results and Customer, Stakeholder, Partner Feedback Vision Mission and Values Goals and Objectives Strategies Strategic Planning Performance Measures and Operational Indicators Operational/ Business Plans Performance Monitoring and Analysis Performance Monitoring and Analysis ImprovementOpportunities ImprovementOpportunities Washington State Department of Health Example: Results help to inform the planning process
Line of Sight Framework Restaurant inspections conducted and reports produced restaurants achieving acceptable sanitation grades can post grades Public uses restaurants with acceptable sanitation grades Reduction in food-borne illnesses and disease outbreaks Work Process Measure Process Outcome Short term Outcome Long term outcome
What is a System of Work? Factory: How? Widget: What? Customers: Who? Outcomes: Why?
Widgets Are Things Are Deliverables Can be Counted Are Specific
Common Public Health Agency Widgets Environmental Permits, Notices of Violations Rules and regulations Vaccinations Epidemiology Reports Infrastructure –Filled Vacancies –Contracts
What Widgets Do You Produce? Take a minute: write down 5 widgets you produce What examples do you have to share?
Measures: General Considerations Measures reveal our values Measures drive behavior Measures can inspire us Measures can help us learn
Useful Measures: Specifics Meaningful Focused on customer needs Accurate Valid Reliable Responsive Functional Credible Simple enough to be understood Available Abuse-Proof Cost effective to collect and report Comparable data over time
SMART Measures Specific Measurable Aggressive Results-Oriented Time-bound
Developing Measures Talk with customers and those involved in the process Identify which process measures –Are of value to customers and producers –Will drive behavior –Will inspire –Will promote learning Determine how process measures fit into other measurement processes in the agency (performance standards, strategic plan)
What to Include in a Measure Statement of the Measure Target (population, process) Numerator and denominator Target goal Who will collect the information
What to Include in a Measure Form or tool to collect information How often data will be collected Who will conduct data analysis How often will the data be reported
Data Description Form Performance measure: Target population: Numerator: Denominator: Which are you using—a target or benchmark? What is the target/benchmark? SMART objective: Source of data: Who will collect the information? How often will the data be analyzed? How often, by what mechanism and who reports these data and analysis? Baseline measurement data and date(s): Definitions, such as accuracy and validity, and other comments: MarMason Consulting
Resources "We Don't Make Widgets" Ken Miller Turning Point Resources: Guidebook for Performance Measurement Marni Mason tools and presentations Washington State Department of Health QI Plan
Thank You! Mary V. Davis, DrPH, MSPH _EMAIL_
Ask a series of questions: ◦ Who is your customer ◦ What do they care about ◦ What is the purpose of your funding/mission/vision of the program area ◦ Does this goal and objective tie to the strategic plan Does your program have a role in the key priorities of the agency ◦ Can you measure it Is it meaningful???
Several areas of resources to determine measures: ◦ State law/code ◦ Program requirements ◦ Healthy People 2020 ◦ Historical data of the program ◦ Benchmarks by national groups (i.e., March of Dimes)
Develop the key outcome measure ◦ Decrease Smoking Rates ◦ Decrease Obesity Rates ◦ Increase Immunization Rates ◦ Decrease the late payment fees Identify key activities to get you to making a change in the measure ◦ Increase number of people receiving coaching from quitline ◦ Increase the complete streets communities throughout the state ◦ Reminder recalls--% of those who become compliant due to the reminder notice ◦ Decrease invoice wait time; increase invoice processing time
Ensure your epidemiologists are involved Ensure the experts to the program are involved If you are doing a "data pull" ensure the IT/database manager is involved Involve Executive Leadership Do a "mass" education campaign


text: An unpolished (mill) finish, and a precision tolerance, and meets American Society for Testing and Materials International ASTM A313 specifications. It is corrosion resistance. The material may be slightly magnetic and can be cold worked for increased strength and rigidity. The spring temper is stiff and spring like, resisting bends and kinks until a large amount of force is applied. Wire will not stretch, so care must be taken to measure accurately. There are a couple of ways to join the ends of your wire. My favorite method is wrapping the ends with thread. Allow 2 inches overlap for this method. Using strong millinery thread, begin at one end of the overlapped wires and wrap tightly towards the other end of overlap. Add a dab of clear glue to each open end of wire at the overlaps. The most common stitches for securing wire to the edge of a brim are a buttonhole stitch for hand sewing and a wide zig-zag stitch when using a sewing machine. It is important to sew the wire to the edge, not on top or under the brim edge. The stitch width should be only the depth of the wire. If the stitch is too deep, the wire will slip away from the edge and can cause an uneven looking finish to the brim. See our FAQ section for more in depth instruction.


Farm Survey
Journal Getaways
Reader Comment:
by ohio bo
Join other discussions.
Loan default rates lower in rural communities
It's often said there are no secrets in a small town.
But if the "everyone knows everyone" aspect of small towns has its drawbacks, it may also have a clear upside: well-informed financial transactions.
According to new research by University of Kansas School of Business professor Bob DeYoung, small business loans originated by rural banks default much less frequently than loans originated by urban banks. More specifically, default rates are lowest for the most rural banks, in the most rural communities, and for banks that are located nearest to their customers. In other words, as "ruralness" increases, so does the success rate of bank loans.
DeYoung concludes that this is because rural banks have more access to so-called "soft information" and personal relationships with customers than do urban banks, and because rural communities have higher levels of social capital (i.e. trust, shared networks and cultural similarities) than urban communities. Together, soft information and social capital overcome the fact that there often isn't much hard data on small-business borrowers in rural communities.
"Everyone knows everyone in a small town," DeYoung says, "and that leads to well-informed lending agreements between rural banks and rural businesses. The more rural a bank and community, and the closer the bank is to the customer, the more likely the loan agreement will be successful. Why? Because personal relationships and local expertise matter, and those things can overcome the lack of hard information a lender might have about a small-business client."
As DeYoung explains, commercial banks have always relied on both hard and soft information in deciding whether to make a business loan. But in rural communities, hard data about borrower creditworthiness can be hard to come by. For example, small rural businesses are less likely to have audited financial statements, which reduces the amount of hard data about their creditworthiness. Additionally, the resale market for fixed investments and specialized assets is thin, which makes it difficult to know the value of seized collateral in the case of loan default.
But while hard information is lacking in rural communities, DeYoung says, soft information and social capital are not.
"The social and civic underpinnings of rural commerce are different from those in metro markets," he says. "Rural communities are closer-knit than urban communities, and these personal informational networks extend into the rural business community as well. This gives rural banks a costless endowment of soft information about local businesses and entrepreneurs. Rural banks clearly use this information well, as evidenced by the low default rates on their loans."
DeYoung uses data on 18,000 U.S. Small Business Administration loans originated between 1984 and 2001. These data provide a good test of the value of soft information and lending relationships because SBA borrowers tend to be smaller, younger and more credit-challenged than other small businesses, and because loans during this time period were originated largely before the advent of small business credit scoring and securitization.
DeYoung's findings are important because they help answer the question that has perplexed observers for years: How do rural banks continue to exist when decades-old trends in banking consolidation and urbanization suggest these banks should be disappearing?
"There are two major trends that you'd think would mean the death of rural banks," DeYoung says. "First, the banking industry continues to consolidate. Second, rural economies continue to become smaller and more volatile. And on top of this, nearly all rural banks operate below minimum efficient scale. So based on these factors, you'd think that rural banks would be closing their doors, right? But that's not the case. In fact, 59 percent of remaining banks are located in rural counties, places that account for only 21 percent of the U.S. population. Our findings help explain why."
More broadly, DeYoung's conclusions have implications for elected officials and policymakers aiming to channel credit to small businesses.
"For new and small businesses, access to credit is crucial to their survival," he says. "Of course, contracting with these businesses is risky for lenders, which means lenders must be expert in identifying the creditworthiness of these small businesses. Thus, a key question for researchers and policymakers is, 'Which lenders, and which lending practices, are best at lending to new businesses?' Our research suggests that rural community banks have a comparative advantage when it comes to lending to small businesses, and it's because of soft information and social capital."
Date: 12/03/2012
Web hpj.com
Archives Search
Inside Futures
Editorial Archives
Browse Archives


text:
Animal & Veterinary
FARAD – Resource for Residue Problem Avoidance
FDA Veterinarian Newsletter July/August 2003 Volume XVIII, No 4
The Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank (FARAD) is a computer-based decision support system originally designed to provide livestock producers, extension specialists, and veterinarians with practical information on how to avoid drug, pesticide and environmental contaminant residue problems. However, FARAD also offers emergency response assistance for accidental or deliberate chemical exposures to food animals. Since 1982 the FARAD has provided emergency hotline assistance to State and Federal agencies dealing with chemical contamination in food animals.
FARAD is a collaboration between USDA, FDA, and three Universities (North Carolina State University, University of Florida, and University of California, Davis). FARAD was authorized by Congress in 1998 (Public Law 105-185). Dr. Jim Riviere, Professor, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine says one of FARAD's functions is "to provide withdrawal time guidance in support of extra-label drug use under AMDUCA." Dr. Riviere adds, "They also provide such information to the FDA-supported Veterinary Antimicrobial Decision Support System (VADSS) program on Prudent Antimicrobial Use and internationally to the Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau, International (CABI), which is a global storehouse and disseminator of agricultural databases."
FARAD personnel at the University of California, Davis and the University of Florida comb through numerous sources of residue avoidance information and extract information that will be of greatest use. These data are reviewed by residue experts to ensure accuracy and consistency, and further analysis is done by FARAD personnel at North Carolina State University to explore novel ways in which the data may be used to prevent residue problems. FARAD maintains an up-to-date computerized compilation of:
- Current label information including withdrawal times on all drugs approved for use in food animals in the United States and on hundreds of products used in Canada, Europe and Australia.
- Official tolerances for drugs and pesticides in tissues, eggs and milk.
- Descriptions and sensitivities of rapid screening tests for detecting residues in tissues, eggs and milk.
- Data on the fate of chemicals in food animals.
FARAD maintains the largest database of animal pharmacokinetic data in the world. These data describe the time-course of chemical (drugs, pesticides, environmental contaminants and toxins) depletion in the tissues and products of animals. FARAD is also sanctioned to provide these estimates to the United States Pharmacopeia-Drug Information (USP-DI) Veterinary Medicine Advisory Committee. As a cooperative multi-state program, FARAD is available nationwide to offer advice about residue avoidance.
Where to Call FARAD
FARAD expert-mediated assistance is available from two Regional Access Centers that can be accessed by this single toll-free telephone number:
WESTERN REGIONAL ACCESS CENTER
EASTERN REGIONAL ACCESS CENTER
When to Call FARAD
Anyone who has a question about how to prevent residues in animal-derived foods is encouraged to call FARAD for assistance. Food animal veterinarians and Extension specialists are currently the major users of FARAD information. The FARAD Regional Access Centers operate during normal business hours. Most questions can be answered immediately; however, complex response may require a couple of days.
For more information, please visit FARAD's web site at _URL_.


text:
Why Does Copper Turn Green?
Copper turns green because of chemical reactions with the elements.
For the same reason that iron rusts.
Just as iron that is left unprotected in open air will corrode and form a flaky orange-red outer layer, copper that is exposed to the elements undergoes a series of chemical reactions that give the shiny metal a pale green outer layer called a patina.
The patina actually protects the copper below the surface from further corrosion, making it a good water-proofing material for roofs (which is why the roofs of so many old buildings are bright green).
In fact, the weathering and oxidation of the Statue of Liberty's copper skin has amounted to just.005 of an inch over the last century, according to the Copper Development Association.
MORE FROM LiveScience.com


SXSW Movie Review: The Upsetter
The Upsetter
Written and directed by Ethan Higbee and Adam Bhala Lough, The Upsetter promises, with more than a bit of hyperbole, to document Jamaican music pioneer Lee "Scratch" Perry's life and times (definitively at that). Perry, a songwriter, singer, and producer, helped to define reggae in the late 1960s and early 1970s, working with Bob Marley and the Wailers, and later dub, the predecessor to electronic music. In one, five-year period during the 1970s, Perry produced an average of 20 songs a week for artists in Jamaica and Britain. The later 70s' saw Perry collaborating with The Clash. One of their early hits, "Police and Thieves," was actually a cover of one of Perry's songs (first sung by Junior Marvin).
Perry's story, like musical artists before and since, devolved into depression, drug abuse, and commercial failure. His attempt to create a commune/recording studio, the Black Ark, on his property in Kingston, Jamaica ended when the studio burned down. A decade-long decline ended with Perry moving to Europe where he settled first in England and, later outside of Zurich, Switzerland. He married for the second time and fathered several children (he left his children by his first wife in Jamaica). During his most productive period, ganja (marijuana) fueled his creativity, but during his decade-long decline, ganja had the opposite effect, fueling his descent into mental illness, paranoia, and possibly, schizophrenia. It was Perry's decision to stop smoking ganja after 45 years (by his own count) that he returned to sanity, coherence, and productivity, including collaborating with The Beastie Boys on a track for their 1998 album, "Hello Nasty."
The Upsetter sounds fascinating, right? Alas, no. Or rather, only early on during The Upsetter's seemingly endless running time. Higbee and Lough are far less interested in discussing Perry's contributions to popular music via, for example, interviews with musicians, critics, or academics, all of whom could have provided some insight into Perry's musical contributions, than to airing Perry's incoherent monologues during his post-productivity period. The monologues become tedious all too quickly, but then go on and on (and on). Even worse, giving over so much of The Upsetter's running time to Perry's incoherent rants does him or the directors any favors. The monologues make Perry appear and sound mentally ill. Exposing audiences to Perry's lengthy monologues make the directors look both like they're exploiting Perry for their own (unclear) ends and stretching The Upsetter's running time to the "magic" 90-minute mark for feature-length documentaries.
Read More »


Grammars with Context Conditions and Their Applications
Buy Rights Online Buy Rights
Rights Contact Login For More Details
More About This Title Grammars with Context Conditions and Their Applications
The essential guide to grammars with context conditions
This advanced computer science book systematically and compactly summarizes the current knowledge about grammars with context conditions-an important area of formal language theory. According to the types of context conditions, this self-contained reference classifies them into grammars with context conditions placed on the domains of grammatical derivations, the use of grammatical productions, and the neighborhood of the rewritten symbols. The focus is on grammatical generative power, important properties, simplification, reduction, implementation, and applications, most of which are related to microbiology.
The text features:
* Up-to-date coverage of grammatical concepts based on context conditions
* Self-contained explanations without assumption of any previous knowledge
* Clear definitions and exact proofs preceded by intuitive explanations
* Numerous easy-to-implement grammatical transformations
* Realistic applications
* Relation to mathematics, linguistics, and biology
* Additional material and information about the book available on accompanying Web site (see preface for details)
Practitioners and advanced students in theoretical computer science and related areasincluding mathematics, linguistics, and molecular biology-will find Grammars with Context Conditions and Their Applications an essential reference for this cutting-edge area of formal language theory.
ALEXANDER MEDUNA, Associate Professor of Computer Science at the Brno University of Technology, received his PhD from Brno University in 1988. He has taught theoretical computer science at various European and American universities, including the University of Missouri, where he spent a decade teaching advanced topics of formal language theory. He is the author of Automata and Languages and over sixty papers related to the subject of this book.
MARTIN SVEC received his PhD from the Brno University of Technology in 2005, where Alexander Meduna was his PhD advisor. In cooperation with his advisor, he has published several papers on grammars with context conditions.
1. Introduction.
2. Preliminaries and Definitions.
2.1 Basic Definitions.
2.2 Grammars.
3. Conditions Placed on Derivation Domains.
3.1 Sequential Grammars over Word Monoids.
3.2 Parallel Grammars over Word Monoids.
4. Conditions Placed on the Use of Productions.
4.1 Sequential Conditional Grammars.
4.1.1 Context-Conditional Grammars.
4.1.2 Random-Context Grammars.
4.1.3 Generalized Forbidding Grammars.
4.1.4 Semi-conditional Grammars.
4.1.5 Simple Semi-conditional Grammars.
4.2 Parallel Conditional Grammars.
4.2.1 Context-Conditional ETOL Grammars.
4.2.2 Forbidding ETOL Grammars.
4.2.3 Simple Semi-conditional ETOL Grammars.
4.3 Global Context Conditional Grammars.
5. Conditions Placed on the Neighborhood of Rewritten Symbols.
5.1 Continuous Context.
5.1.1 Sequential Uniform Rewriting.
5.1.2 Parallel Uniform Rewriting.
5.2 Scattered Context.
5.2.1 Scattered Context Grammars and Their Reduction.
5.2.2 Semi-parallel Uniform Rewriting.
6. Grammatical Transformations and Derivation Simulations.
6.1 Derivation Simulation.
6.2 Grammatical Simulation.
6.3 Simulation of E(0,1)L Grammars.
7. Applications and Implementations.
7.1 Applications.
7.2 Implementation.
8. Concluding and Bibliographical Notes.
Denotations of Language Families.
Subject Index.


unipotent group scheme
An element rr of a ring with multiplicative unit is called unipotent element if r1r-1 is nilpotent.
Theorem and Definition
Let GG be an affine k-group. Then the following conditions are equivalent.
 1. The completion of the Cartier dual D^(G)\hat D(G) of GG is a connected formal group.
 2. Any multiplicative subgroup of GG is zero.
 3. For any subgroup HH of GG with H0H\neq 0 we have Gr k(H,α k)0Gr_k(H,\alpha_k)\neq 0.
 4. Any algebraic quotient of GG is an extension of subgroups of α k\alpha_k.
 5. (If p0)p\neq 0), ImV G n=e\cap Im V^n_G =e.
An affine group scheme satisfying these conditions is called unipotent group scheme.
Revised on June 13, 2012 00:23:26 by Stephan Alexander Spahn (


text:
Overvoltage is any voltage, whose peak value exceeds the appropriate peak value of the highest operating voltage in the LV power system. Overvoltage is usually an accidental phenomenon, which differs in time history and the place of its occurrence. Its parameters are defined by its cause (lightning stroke, switching in heavy-current network and so on) and also by electrical character of the circuit (wave resistance, ending impedance, discharge ability and so on). In the past few years the range of current and voltage courses for different uses has been standardized. These courses enable implementation of testing on equipment and constructive elements under the same conditions. In the following text the most important parameters of the most used standardized courses will be defined (according to EN 61 643-11, IEC 60-1 and CSN 34 5640).
|Peak value (amplitude) Umax,Imax||peak value is the maximal value of voltage or current
which is achieved by monitored impulse course
|Front of impulse||a part of voltage or current impulse before the peak
|Front time of current impulse T1||1,25multiple of the time interval between moments, when actual current value rise from 10% to 90% of the peak value|
|Front time of voltage impulse T1||1,67multiple of the time interval between moments, when actual voltage value rise from 30% to 90% of the peak value|
|Tail of impulse||a part of voltage or current impulse after the peak value|
|Time to half-value T2||the time interval between virtual beginning of impulse and the moment, when observed course reduces to 50% of its peak value|
Note: The virtual beginning is an intersection of time axis and bisector, which goes through points, where actual value of the front of impulse at first time reaches partly given lower value and partly given higher value …in detail see the following two figures.
Standardized testing current impulse
two basic types of testing current impulses are used during SPD tests:
- Testing impulse of lightning current Iimp(10/350) – it is used for simulation of lightning current (so-called test by lightning current)
- Testing current impulse Imax(8/20) – it is used for simulation of indirect effect of lightning and switching overvoltages. Arrester must discharge cca 17,5x higher charge during test by the testing impulse of lightning current Iimp(10/350), than during testing by the current impulse Imax(8/20) with the same amplitude. Also resulting in a different construction of the lightning current arresters tested by the lightning current impulse Iimp(10/350) and surge arresters tested by the current impulse Imax(8/20).
Course and parameters of lightning voltages and currents
In the chart shown below there are typical courses and parameters of lightning impulse voltages and currents, which occur in conductive parts of landscape, building constructions and metal lines in consequence of lightning stroke (taking in account influences caused by galvanic, inductive or capacitive coupling).The typical values of lightning impulse voltages and currents, which occur in conductive parts of landscape, building constructions and metal lines.
Testing current impulse in the waveform of 10/350μs is most often used for simulation of currents infiltrating into power lines and electric equipment in consequence of galvanic coupling. In case of inductive and capacitive coupling the voltage and current impulses are considerably shorter. The examination of interfering lightning effects in relation to inductive surges (currents) in consequence of inductive coupling is most often carried out by the testing current impulses in the waveform of 8/20μs. The examination of lightning effects in relation to interfering surges (currents) in consequence of capacitive coupling is similarly carried out by the testing voltage impulses in the waveform of 1,2/50μs.
Kinds of surge couplings
Disturbing energies (e.g. voltages, currents, fields) can infiltrate into the building by ways of different couplings whereas cabling and its layout represent an important part here.
During near and direct lightning strokes into the lightning conductors of buildings, the overvoltage shows in consequences of a galvanic coupling. The galvanic coupling is given by a different size of ground potentials along the building (earth electrodes, protective connection etc.)
There is always a capacitive coupling (parasitic capacity) between the source of interference and the receiver. The higher the front rate of rise of the disturbing voltage impulse (du/dt) is, the stronger its interference effect is.
There is always an inductive coupling (magnetic field) between the source of interference and the receiver. The higher the front rate of rise of the disturbing current impulse (di/dt) activating the magnetic field is, the higher the interference effect is.
Types of overvoltage
Direct Lightning Stroke
A lightning stroke is an electric discharge between an electrically charged cloud and earth surface (earth lightning), between two or more clouds and each other or between parts of one cloud (cloud lightning). Just a small percentage of strokes happens be tween the surface and the clouds. The lightning strokes originate in the „storm cells", which stretch average out up to few kilometers. Every storm cell is active for up to 30 minutes and generates from two to three lightning strokes per minute. The storm cell often reaches the height of over 10 kilometers, whereas the bottom visible part of the clouds is usually at the height of one to two kilometers. In the centre of the storm cell there exists a strong rising air flow, which causes separation of positive and negative charges. The positive charge is usually binded on the frazils at the top of the storm cell, while negative charge is usually binded on water drops at the bottom of the cell. Nearby the earth the cell is charged with positive charge which is usually caused by discharge especially from forest. Beyond the storm cells originating from the summer heat there are storm cells originating from the frontal cloudiness as a result of big air masses movement. The storm frequency depends on the season. In summer months (July–August) there are on average 5 times more storms than in winter months (December–February). The environmental heating up supports the storm creation. In autumn warm water near the seacoast gives the necessary energy for the storm creation. According to IEC 1312-1:1995 and IEC 62305 it is possible to describe lightning charges by five basic parameters.
|Total impoulse lightning charge Qf||max.300 C|
|THe first stroke charge Qs||max.100 C|
|The first stroke peak current Iimp||max.200 kA|
|Specific energy the first stroke current W/R||max.10 MJ/Ω|
|Rate of rise of the current di/dt||max.200 kA/μs|
General distribution of lightning current when an object is thunderstruck
Protection system of LV power system composited of lightning current arresters and surge arresters SPD must be able to discharge lightning currents or their substantial parts without their damage. It is generally recommended to come out from the ohmic resistance of the building earthing, pipeline, power distribution system and so on for the purposes of establishing current distribution going through SPD in case of direct lightning stroke into a building protected by the outside lightning system. The following figure shows a typical example of lightning current distribution in an object hit by direct lightning stroke.
Where an individual evaluation is not possible, it can be assumed that:
- 50% of the total lightning current Iimp=200kA (10/350)…. IS1= 100kA (10/350) enters the earth termination system of the LPS (lightning protection system) of the structure considered
- 50% of Iimp=200kA (10/350)…. IS2= 100kA (10/350) is distributed among the services entering the structure (external conductive parts, el.power, communication lines, etc.) The value of the current flowing in each service Ii is given by IS/n, where n is the number of the above mentioned services (see the above figure). For evaluating the current Iv in individual conductors in unscreened cables, the cable current Iiis divided by m, the number of conductors, i.e. Iv = Ii /m.
For shielded cables, the current will flow along the shield. Requirement on dimensioning of protective system SPD in the most usual connection of the building and LV power system (TNC – system 230/400V/50Hz) results from this reasoning: For maximum lightning current size Iimp = 200kA (10/350) it is enough to dimension the protective cascade of each phase conductor entering the object on cca 4% Iimp, that is on cca 8kA (10/350) in most cases.
Distribution of protected area into the lightning protection zones
The standard IEC 13 12-1 and IEC 62 305 defines the lightning protection zones LPZ from the respect of the direct even indirect lightning effect. These zones are characteristic thanks to fundamental breaks of the electromagnetic conditions in their limited zones.
|LPZ OA||Zone where items are subject to direct lightning strokes, and therefore may have to carry up to the full lightning current; the unattenuated electromagnetic field occurs here.|
|LPZ OB||Zone where items are not subject to direct lightning strokes, but the unattenuated electromagnetic field occurs|
|LPZ OC||Zone where items are not subject to direct lightning strokes and where currents on all conductive parts within this zone are further reduced compared with zones 0B. In this zone the electromagnetic field may also be attenuated depending


text:
The National AIDS Trust (NAT) is calling on the NHS to allow people with HIV to start treatment early in order to protect their sexual partners after two leading HIV clinical bodies – the British HIV Association (BHIVA) and the Expert Advisory Group on AIDS (EAGA) – authoritatively set out the scientific basis for HIV treatment as prevention.
In a statement on Tuesday, BHIVA and EAGA stated how treatment as prevention reduces HIV transmissions. By using HIV drugs to reduce the levels of the virus in their system people with HIV can become virtually non-infectious.
Deborah Jack, chief executive of NAT said: "A number of people with HIV want to start treatment early to lessen the chances of passing the virus on, meaning less worry for them but also fewer HIV transmissions, saving the NHS many hundreds of thousands of pounds.
"NAT approached BHIVA and EAGA to investigate the scientific basis for treatment as prevention. It's great to see this work come to fruition and to see these respected medical bodies endorse treatment as a way to tackle the rising numbers of people living with HIV in the UK.
Ms Jack added: "We now call on the NHS Commissioning Board to accept these respected agencies' recommendations and provide HIV treatment early to all those who wish to start it. This will provide important reassurance for many people living with HIV. It also highlights the need for society's understanding of HIV to change and keep up with medical developments."
Ms Jack concluded: "As a matter of urgency we need to reduce undiagnosed HIV and maximise the proportion of people with HIV who are tested, and accessing good quality treatment and care. At a time of such massive change within the NHS it is imperative that the newly created Public Health England ensures we don't lose ground on HIV testing but rather make further and significant progress in getting everyone with HIV diagnosed and into treatment and care."


text:
Science Fair Project Encyclopedia
Income inequality metrics
Income inequality metrics or income distribution metrics are techniques used by economists to measure the distribution of income among members of a society. In particular these techniques are used to measure the inequality, or equality of income within an economy. These techniques are typically categorized as either absolute measures or relative measures.
Absolute income criteria
Absolute measures define a minimum standard, then calculate the number (or percent) of individuals below this threshold. These methods are most useful when determining the amount of poverty in a society. Examples include:
- Poverty line - This is a measure of the level of income necessary to subsist in a society and varies from place to place and from time to time depending on the cost of living and peoples' expectations. It is usually defined by governments and calculated as that level of income at which a household will devote two-thirds (to three-quarters) of its income to basic necessities such as food, water, shelter, and clothing.
- Poverty index - This index was developed by Amartya Sen. It takes into account both the number of poor and the extent of their poverty. Sen defined the index as:
- I = (P/N)(B − A)/A
- P = number of people below the poverty line
- N = total number of people in society
- B = poverty line income
- A = average income of those people below the poverty line
Relative income criteria
Relative income measures compare the income of one individual (or group) with the income of another individual (or group). These measures are most useful when analyzing the scope and distribution of income inequality. Examples include:
- Percentile distributions - One percentile is compared to another. For example, it might be determined that the income of the top ten-percentile is only slightly more than the bottom forty-percentile. Or it might be determined that the top quartile earns 45% of the society's income while the bottom quartile has 10% of society's income. The interquartile range is a standard percentile range from 25% to 75%.
- Lorenz curve - This is a graphic device used to display the relative inequality in a distribution of income values. A society's total income is ordered according to income level and the cumulative total graphed. See Lorenz curve for details.
- Gini coefficient - This is a summary statistic used to quantify the extent of income inequality depicted in a particular Lorenz curve. See Gini coefficient for details.
- Standard deviation of income - This measures income dispersion by assessing the squared variance from the mean. This metric is seldom seen, its use limited to occasional reference in academic journals.
- Relative poverty line - This is a measure of the number or proportion of people or households whose level of income is less than some given fraction of typical incomes. This form of poverty measurement tends to concentrate concern on the bottom half of the income distribution and pay less attention to ineqalities in the top half. See poverty line for details.
Criticisms of income inequality metrics
- It is not clear how income should be defined. Should it include capital gains, imputed house rents from home ownership, and gifts? If these income sources are ignored (as they often are), how might this bias the analysis? How should non-paid work (such as parental childcare) be handled? Wealth or consumption may be more appropriate measures in some situations. Broader metrics of human well-being might be useful.
- Should the basic unit of measurement be households or individuals? The Gini value for households is always lower than for individuals because of income pooling and intra-family transfers. The metrics will be biased either upward or downward depending on which unit of measurement is used.
- These income inequality metrics ignore life cycle effects. An individual tends to start life with little or no income, gradually increase income till about age 50, after which incomes will decline, eventually becoming negative. This will have the effect of significantly overstating inequality. It has been estimated (by A.S. Blinder in The Decomposition of Inequality, MIT press) that 30% of measured income inequality is due to the inequality an individual experiences as they go through the stages of life.
- Absolute measures often give very different results than relative measures. For example, in measuring inequality changes due to the development of less developed countries, absolute measures typically show improvements as the general income level rises, but it is also common for relative measures to deteriorate as the new wealth becomes concentrated in the hands of the upper percentiles. The diverging results can be a problem if they are used inappropriately or interpreted incorrectly.
- Should real or nominal income distributions be used? What effect will inflation have on absolute measures? Do some groups (eg., pensioners) feel the effect of inflation more than others?
- How do we allocate the benefits of government spending? How does the existence of a social security safety net influence the definition of absolute measures of poverty. Do government programs support some income groups more than others?
- Income inequality metrics are seldom used to quantify and examine the causes of income inequality. The main causes are: life cycle effects (age), inherited characteristics (IQ, talent), willingness to take chances (risk aversion), the leisure/industriousness choice, inherited wealth, economic circumstances, education and training, discrimination, and market imperfections.
- This criticism helps to understand the problems caused by the improper use of inequality measures. However, it does not render inequality coefficients invalid. If inequality measures are computed in a well explained and consistent way, they provide a good tool for quantitative comparisons of inequalities at least within a research project.
- Economic inequality
- Absolute poverty (to be merged here)
- Relative poverty (to be merged here)
- United Nations Millennium Development Goals
The contents of this article is licensed from _URL_ under the GNU Free Documentation License. Click here to see the transparent copy and copyright details


text:
Duke's Charter, 1664
By this charter, King Charles II of England granted land that includes present-day New York, New Jersey, most of Maine, and parts of Connecticut and Pennsylvania to his brother James, Duke of York (later James II, King of England). The charter, or royal patent, was awarded on March 12, 1664, and sets up a proprietary colony. It gives James authority to send an armed force to compel the Dutch surrender of the New Netherland province to the English, and allows him to delegate the administration of matters of law, trade, rebellion, and defense in the colony.
New York State Archives [Series B1371, Charter of the proprietary colony from Charles II to the Duke of York, 1664]


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I have a database table holding 40 million records (table A).
Each record has a string a user can search for.
I also have a table with a list of character replacements (table B) i.e. i = Y, I = 1 etc.
I need to be able to take the string a user is searching for, iterate through each letter and create an array of every possible outcome (the users string, then each outcome with alternative letters used).
I need to check for alternatives on both lower and uppercase letters in the word
A search string can be no longer than 10 characters long.
I'm using PHP and a MySQL database.
Does anyone have any thoughts / articles / guidance on doing this in an efficient way?
share|improve this question
Step 1 would be get some good indexes on your database – Tom Squires Aug 17 '12 at 9:14
indexing etc is in place, were more concerned about the algorithm to find a all the possible outcomes of the string and its replacements – Samuel Cambridge Aug 17 '12 at 10:52
Could you please provide an example. – Emmad Kareem Aug 17 '12 at 12:03
ok, lets say the table A contained the strings YES,Y3S,Y55, NO, N0 and the user searched for "YES" in table B there is E = 3, S = 5, the code figure out all avaialable versions of the word yes, IE YES, Y3S, Y35 and find all 3 from table A doing a simple find would obviously only return YES, so i need to get an array of all possibles and do an IN() or something similar. This example does not show lowercase letters that also need to be handled. – Samuel Cambridge Aug 17 '12 at 13:12
add comment
2 Answers
It sounds like an RDBMS is not appropriate for this task.
As _USER_ Arnold says, you should use either Lucene or Endeca for this task.
share|improve this answer
add comment
Here is what I see possible based on my understanding:
One way is to create a column (preferably on table A) and have a database trigger (or write code in your language) such that whenever a row is inserted or update, a new column (shown below as "SearchColumn") would get populated with ONLY ONE STANDARD FORMAT of the string value. In the example blow I have arbitrary chosen upper case.
The seach column need to have a non-unique index.
When the user performs a search for say,'yes', you do:
SELECT FROM myTable WHERE SearchColumn="YES" (see the last paragraph regarding the index cases sensitivity).
myTable would include the following columns (amongst others of course):
OriginalColumn, SearchColumn
Y55, YSS
yes, YES
N0, NO
By doing this, you don't need to perform non-indexed row searching. This method, since it uses an index will be very fast. The overhead of processing the extra column should not be significant, unless you have simultaneous thousands of concurrent inserts/updates.
In MySQL (and some other database), you can control whether an index uses case sensitivity or not via the column collating properties definition.
share|improve this answer
Y55 would be YSS not YES. But I think that you would need to map Y55 to Y5S, YS5, YSS, and Y55 for the purposes of the search. – Sign Aug 17 '12 at 14:09
_USER_, thank you for your comment. I am not sure why we need to map those strings if the user input is 'YES'. Mapping would be required if user input is 'Y55' and the user is expecting 'YES' to be returned. Maybe the PO could clarify this for us. – Emmad Kareem Aug 17 '12 at 14:13
add comment
Your Answer


A cube ( each side of the cube has length 15 mm. ) of germaniumpasses a current of 25 mA when 9 mV is applied between two of itsparallel faces. Assuming that the charge carriers are electronsthat have a mobility of 0.39 m2 V-1s-1, calculate the density of the carriers.
Expert Answer
Get this answer with Chegg Study


Changing the weir boards for different flows requires someone with experience,
 Contracted weir
who will recognize when the depth over the weir is 0.2 feet or less and then use a contracted weir board. However, people are busy when irrigating, and even busier when flows drop. Weirs are often neglected during the time they need more frequent maintenance visits.
A good flume for passing debris and measuring low flows is the HS flume. These are accurate right down to zero flow. For the maximum flow, they require more
1.0-foot HS flume, for flows of 0.00 to 0.80 cfs
material than a rectangular Winflume, Montana, or Parshall flume. However, they are more accurate than other flumes at very low flows – testing by the University of Minnesota found an average accuracy to be +/- 3.2% for ideal approach conditions. They will pass debris down to zero flow – the flume shown here has an opening of 0.05 feet, or 5/8 inch at the flat bottom, and the opening increases with height.
 HS flume for flows up to 0.8 cfs
 HS flume at 0.025 cfs
Why aren't HS flumes common in California? I suspect that the early adoption of Parshall flumes here established the standard. I have seen a few hundred flumes, but I had never seen an operating HL (wide, high flow), H, or HS flume, prior to my installations.
Why go to the trouble of using an HS flume, if Parshall flumes are readily
 New Parshall Flume
available? A Parshall flume may be +/- 10% accurate down to perhaps 5% of its maximum flow. Below that, the accuracy decreases. An HS flume is +/- 10% accurate down to 1% to 2% of its maximum flow. If the flow regime is predominantly low with occasional high flows, it is important to measure those low flows with the best possible accuracy. Some places where low flow measurement is critical include field runoff where pollution is proportional to flow, small water rights, and dam leakage.
HS flumes are easier to construct than a Parshall, too. The HS flume bottom is flat, and it has 3 vertical planes. The photos of the Parshall flume here show
 Bottom of Parshall flume
that it has 3 horizontal planes, and 5 vertical planes. An HS flume takes less time to build, and can be put together fairly quickly in any farm or ranch shop. Parshalls are complex enough that they are purchased, including design and shipping costs.
Pump Efficiency Curve Instead Of Meter
Do you always have to have a purchased flow meter and data recorder for a pipeline? No you don't. If you pump your flow, you can probably use a certified pump efficiency curve and your online 15-minute or hourly power records.
Call a pump shop that will produce a certified pump efficiency curve for you. The curve itself will cost $300 to $700, and there may be up to $1,000 in setup work to install gage access ports or create acoustic meter mounting points. The resultant curve will have a certified accuracy, in the range of +/- 2-3%, plus an accuracy range for changing pumping levels or variable pump flow rates. The ratings will be +/- 10% or better, and so satisfy the Water Board regulations.
Graphics credit: West Virginia University
The person doing the work can provide you a spreadsheet so you can paste in your power records and get hourly flow rates. The certification will be good for at least a couple of years, and when it is redone for you, will cost in the $300 to $700 range.
These costs look pretty good compared to a meter that will cost $1,500 to $4,000, and has to be recalibrated and maintained every couple of years. Another big benefit is that the pump curve lets your pump shop know what to recommend for you to get the most efficiency, and spend less money for your power!
Will this method work for groundwater as well as surface water pumps? Yes it will. SGMA requirements include well metering for a whole bunch of pumps, so this can be of use to you no matter how you pump your water.
Who should you call? See _URL_
One real expert is Bill Power:
Power Services, Inc.
6301 Beardon Lane
Modesto, CA 95357
_PHONE_ (Voice)
_PHONE_ (Fax)
Contact – Bill Power
Specify Your Riparian Water Right In Your Deed
Riparian Rules By Chuck Rich.
What can destroy your riparian water right?
How can you protect your riparian water right?
No Record Of Water Right, Or Split? File Initial Statement
What do you do if your water right has never been recorded with the State Water Resources Control Board? Or, if your property was split from a larger farm or ranch, and you are handling your smaller water right on your own? After all, every water right has to be filed with the Water Board, except most of those that are uniquely listed in Superior Court Decrees. This is true regardless of whether the water right is riparian or appropriative (preor post-1914).
You'll need to file an Initial Statement. These are 4 pages unless cannabis is grown with the water right – that adds page 5. The forms are downloadable, fillable PDFs. If you have your information together and you are handy
 Water Board Initial Statement, Page 1 of 5
with Google Earth, you might have your form done in a few hours. As with any property description, the better it can be explained, the easier it is to defend your water right if someone has a complaint.
With the Water Board, it's better if you file before the Water Board comes looking for you. I have not seen folks get fines for filing even when water rights have been used for 50 years, or 100, or even since 1850 (or earlier). The Water Board folks are good to work with and they would much rather that people become compliant with the law, than write nasty letters and issue fines. That may not always be true as regulations get tougher, so get your filing done soon!
How is an Initial Statement different from filing a Water Right Application? An Initial Statement is filed if the water right is already in use. The Water Board is careful to point out that an Initial Statement is not the basis of, nor is it proof for a water right. It is just the way to report if diversion or storage has taken place for some time.
What if your storage or diversion began after 1914, since that is when the Water Board was created and when its authority began? Except for riparian rights, this is a gray area. I think the official answer from most folks at the Water Board is that appropriative water rights after 1914 are only established by a water right application, obtaining a Permit, and hopefully perfecting that Permit into a License.
In reality, there have been many Initial Statements filed for post-1914 water rights. It seems that these stand if there isn't already a complaint against the filer, and if the water right is not in an already over-appropriated stream where there are obviously more water rights than water. The presence of chinook salmon or steelhead trout might put a post-1914 Initial Statement in question, too.
The problem with filing a Water Right Application is that you have no idea what the outcome may be. It might be denied, or have restrictive conditions imposed, and you won't know until you have spent some thousands of dollars. Even if your water right is senior to some rights that were filed decades ago, the outcome is unknown. Also, the Water Board folks are extremely busy, and some applications are never completed.
So, many folks take the safe action to protect their water right and comply with the law: they file an Initial Statement. Better to do something not exactly right, or even wrong, than nothing at all.
No Trouble Catching Up SB 88 Late & Drought Over
I forgot to mention in my last post on SB 88 compliance, _URL_ that you're still okay if you comply with SB 88 now. The Water Board is not issuing Cease And Desist Orders (CDO) or fines for folks who catch up now, even though it's late. This is true whether you have yet to install a measurement device, a data logger/recorder, or catch up your Reports Of Licensee or Supplemental Statements. I have seen no adverse action for anyone I know, or clients of other consultants. There are a couple of exceptions here:
Hiding From The Water Board? Don't Worry, Get Compliant
Small Ditch In Meadow With No Measurement Device
Diversion Ditch Before Measurement Device Installed
Diversion Dam and Ditch Before Measurement Device Installed
Diversion Ditch Before Measurement Device Installed
Diversion Ditch Before Measurement Device Installed
New Watchman Flume In Medium Sized Ditch
New Parshall Flume
New 3-Foot


text:
According to Commercial Law, it is possible to consider a company as the professional exercise of an organised economic activity, with the intention of acting in a goods and services market. It includes all company sizes, from big companies to SMEs. The points distinguishing a constitutive form of company are (Derecho en la Red 2012):
- Economic activity that allows to distinguish the activity of the company from merely artistic or intellectual activities.
- Organised activity, directed to accomplish a rational project.
- Activity continued, professional, systematic and thought to last with an intention to provide a benefit that constitutes a way of life, distinguishing it from other economic activities not exercised professionally.


text:
Conflict is inevitable and the concequences are felt for generations. Essay
958 Words4 Pages
Conflict is inevitable and the concequences are felt for generations.
There is one struggle in life that everybody in the world has experienced, not just in today's society but throughout history that evokes emotion and always has lasting consequences, whether they are positive or negative. That struggle is known as conflict.
Conflict is shown in many diffrent forms including internal to external to large scale and racial. The conflict of racism extends for 100s of years from the Jew's in the Holocaust World War Two to our own cultural racism of the Aboriginals. Throughout history the concequences of racism has been deverstating but the effects are felt for generations.
One display of a struggle can be shown in the Holocaust, the attempted genocide of the Jewish people during WWII that resulted in the deaths of over six million European Jews. The effects of such an enormous loss of life can still be felt today by the surviving victims and the families that lost loved ones. In one study conducted by Bower in 1996, it was found that the children of Holocaust survivors have a higher risk of developing psychiatric symptoms such as depression, anxiety and post traumatic stress disorder by being exposed to their traumatised parents. This not only proves that conflict has devastating effects on those involved but also for the future generations as well. On a smaller but no less horrific scale, the Indigenous people of Australia were massacred because the European settlers were ignorant to their unique way of life. Combined with many other tragic events since the time of European settlement, right up to the time of stolen generation and fighting for their land rights, the Indigenous people have been longing for peace and justice. Unfortunately, a serve of justice isn't the only thing plaguing their lives. Even today, the native Australians have a life expectancy


text:
...with web-based podcatchers:
...with something else:
View RSS Feed
Get more info on other podcatchers:
Click for more "Microbes After Hours" videos
Puerto Rico is widely known as the "La Isla del Encanto," which translated means "The Island of Enchantment." And while its beaches, tropical rain forest, and biolumescent bays are wonders of nature, the island is not without its problems. From energy needs to economics, Puerto Rico shares many issues facing the rest of the world.
In this MicrobeWorld Video episode we talk with Nadathur S. Govind, Ph.D., Professor, Marine Sciences Department at the University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, and William Rosado, Marine Sciences Department at the University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, about the sustainable biofuel program they are launching in southwestern Puerto Rico.
According to Govind, the island's successful sugarcane industry died in the 1990's. In fact, local rum manufacturers now import their molasses from as far away as Malaysia. As a result, approximately 70 percent of the population in southwestern Puerto Rico is on welfare.
Govind believes he can rebuild the local economy by harnessing bacterial enzymes extracted from the guts of termites and shipworms (mollusks) found in the mangroves off the coast to break down the lignocellulose in sugarcane and hibiscus. The idea is that if he can bring agricultural production back to his community, he can use the crop waste to produce ethanol to supplement Puerto Rico's demand for fuel. And since the byproduct of ethanol is carbon dioxide, he also plans to use algae to capture the gas and produce biodiesel. The waste that he has left over can then be returned to the soil as fertilizer or given to livestock as feed, completing the cycle.
For more information about Govind's program please read the article, "Combining Agriculture with Microbial Genomics to Make Fuels," found in the American Society for Microbiology's Microbe magazine.
Alternate File Types


Certified Computer Fundamentals MS Office Professional Learning Resources Move an image
Learning Resources
Move an image
Examples of moving handles
Moving handles for different types of graphics:
Callout 1 An image "from file."
Callout 2 The drawing canvas with a drawing on it.
As with resizing, the same basic principle applies to moving most types of graphics: You select the image, and then drag it into position.
Unlike resizing, there are some minor variations, depending on the type of graphic:
 - For images on the drawing canvas, you can move both the drawing canvas and the image. Position the pointer over the image or over the border of the drawing canvas (if the drawing canvas isn't visible, click the image and it will appear). When the four-headed arrow Pointer image appears, you can drag the image or the drawing canvas.
 - For images not on the drawing canvas, the four-headed arrow does not appear. However, as soon as you begin to drag the image, a small box Pointer and move box appears next to the pointer and a special insertion point appears on the same line of text as the pointer to help guide your positioning. This is especially helpful if you're positioning an image near or inside text, as you'll see in the following section.
 - For diagrams (including organization charts), you need to select the diagram, and then position the pointer over the its border. When the four-headed arrow Pointer image appears, you can drag the diagram.