Ear Protection for Diving : A Step-By-Step Guide
Picking the best earplugs for scuba diving
There's a reason you may be on this page—you want to shield your ears from water bacterial infections that can give you pain in your ears. Many divers got some ear pressure when they had gone to dive or spent too much time underwater.
This causes unpleasant discomfort and can cause nausea, swelling, pain, and a feeling of fullness in the ear. Other divers get serious complications where they have to avoid diving altogether, which can be frustrating. It's a pain that's going to haunt you for a long time as a swimmer or a diver if you're not used to wearing earplugs.
In A Hurry?
If require the Best Hearing Protection for this item, and do not want to read the entire article, below are my recommended ear protection.
Which are the best Earplugs for Diving?
For Diving, the best ear plugs are IST ProEar Dive Mask with Ear Covers.
However, this will depend on several things. If you use them a lot, for example, if it is your principal job, or perhaps just minor use. Also, if you want to use these ear plugs for other things, like listen to music.
There are earplug options available, for example: Convenient Fitting, Noise Reduction Rating (NRR), Long-Lasting, Flexibility, and if you want earplugs or headphones. As you can see, there is a lot in picking the best fit.
Not every diver experiences these problem
Not every diver experiences these problems, and they vary from person to person. For those who do, diving to them is more of a gamble, as they don't know if it will affect them. It's crucial to feel the pain during the descent that you abort the dive and go back to the shallows.
What Causes Ear Pain?
 - Any conditions can contribute to ear pain while diving, including water blockage, temperature changes, and water pressure. Occasionally, divers can develop pain in their ears due to elevated water pressure. Water-resistance improves with depth; thus, the more the diver comes down, the more excellent the water pressure is.
 - Divers experience discomfort as the pressure increases, and the outside surface of the ear is first affected by the rise in pressure. The inner surface has an ear pressure and then seeks to equalize the pressure by depending on the Eustachian tube to open it. If it does not open, the water's tension is forced into the ear, leading to discomfort and inflammation. The diver may determine whether to carry on the pain or return to the shallows. When a diver proceeds, they are in danger of rupturing their ears due to a great deal of weight. When the ear splits, the water floods into the middle ear, causing hearing loss, vomiting, dizziness.
 - An outer ear infection may also cause discomfort. It is primarily driven by excessive exposure to water or whether the water is stuck in the ear. This will promote the growth of bacteria that could later cause infection.
 - Cold temperatures can cause irregular bone development within the ear canal, which can lead to discomfort.
Divers use earplugs, gloves, ear dryers, and specific ear drops to alleviate discomfort or minimize the onset of pain while diving. The positive news is that you will see the characteristics you need to consider for the right diving earplugs out there.
There are three critical things that your mind can be concerned with: fabrics, health, and noise control. If one or more of these earplugs are missing, so we strongly recommend that you replace them.
If it comes to fabrics, you ought to make sure you're buying rubber, putty, plastic, or some mix of the three. If you don't have at least one of these materials in the earplugs you're looking to purchase, don't worry. Ninety-five percent of the diving earplugs made from other materials are lousy. They're not even going to endure you in five swimming adventures. If you want to get your hands on a secure and sturdy pair, the best choice is for rubber, putty, or acrylic materials. Besides, make sure you buy earplugs explicitly designed for swimming.
A typical attribute that most consumers see is that they opt-in for sleeping earplugs, sporting earplugs, or commercial work earplugs, and this is a critical error that you need to prevent. They do not make these kinds of pairs to repel water, and they will insulate all the noise near you. Search for earplugs that are specifically made for swimming to avoid any of these intolerable problems. Infection is another fundamental problem that you need to remember. Your ear canal might be allergic to some material. You need to avoid such materials at all costs, so you don't have to deal with earaches.
Next to our list of critical factors when buying high-quality diving, an earplug is a comfortable fit. Earplugs that don't feel snug to your ear won't do the job correctly. You might wear them a few times, but sooner rather than later, you're going to realize that this isn't the way you're going to have to replace them. Most of the quality materials are soft and effortlessly molded to your ear.
However, a rigid silicone or plastic material cannot form into the shape of your ear. You need to consider the size of your ear. Before you buy them, try the earplugs. Feel it. Switch from here. If problems have not occurred during the "test period," then you can rest your worries and choose the most comfortable earplugs. Don't buy tiny earplugs because they will not make an airtight fit, and the water is going to seep in, risking an infection. Even a superficial infection may lead to severe earaches.
Noises When You Are Diving
The following infographic shows a list of the various noises when you are out and about. Any noise over 70-80db over a long period of time may cause damage to your hearing. A noise of over 120dB may cause immediate harm to your ears
Noise Reduction
You will encounter earplugs on all sides of the spectrum—earplugs that do not impair sound output and earplugs that minimize noise. And here's the deal: if you pick a pair that will encourage you to take part in a discussion and hear with no problems, the airtight seal will be a challenge. This means more water is flowing in, and the risk of infection will hop enormously. This is how they usually make diving earplugs with roots. And the larger the stems, the more you hear the instructions. It would be better if you were to make your assessment here.
If you're always listening to the directions, it'd be easier to follow them. On the other side, you can choose earplugs that won't allow any water movement to get close to your earplugs. You won't hear it, though. If you don't have someone near you and want to be focused on diving, this will be a decent choice.
Causes of Pain
Ear pain caused by diving can happen for many different reasons. A few of the most common causes are ear infection, congestion, and barotrauma (pressure related changes). Here is an overview of these three causes and what you can do to help alleviate symptoms.
Some divers experience ear pain from an ear infection that developed before or during scuba diving. This pain can be debilitating for days or weeks after exposure to water. There are a couple of ways to remediate this issue. The first way is to use antibiotics on the infected area, which will hopefully fight off the illness and clear up any inflammation caused by it.
Antibiotic ear drops
A lot of divers use antibiotic ear drops (such as Otomicin). These ear drops can be used to fight off an infection, but should not be used for longer than instructed because they are toxic in high doses.
If your body does not respond to the drops by feeling better in a couple of days, you may have another cause for your pain.
Antibiotic pills
The other common method is taking antibiotics orally. In my experience, this method works well especially if the infection is caused by bacteria (which is most often the case).
Swallowing antibiotic pills can take a few weeks to work and they do have side effects such as nausea and vomiting.
Prescription pain killers
Some divers use prescription pain killers such as Vicodin or Tylenol with Codeine to help manage the pain. These pills can be obtained with a doctor's prescription, but I would urge caution if you choose to use them.
These pills are very addictive and can have a long list of side effects ranging from constipation to death. It is very easy to get hooked on these substances and the safest way to avoid dependence is to not start using them in the first place.
For those who decide that these pills are right for you, talk to your doctor about the proper ways of taking them.
Pain killers with local anesthetic
A more extreme option is to use vecuronium bromide, which is an anti-anxiety drug. The drug numbs the pain and will prevent you from feeling the pain. The good thing about this drug is that it can be found in nearly any local pharmacy.
I have never personally used this method, but it has been reported that it works very well. Be very careful of using too much of this medication.
A few extra after effects can include asymetrical pupils, severe drowsiness, and dizziness. If you start to feel any of these effects, stop taking the medication immediately and contact your


text:
3 entries found for quarry.
To select an entry, click on it.
Main Entry: 1quar·ry
Pronunciation: kwr-, kwärInflected Form(s): plural quarries
Etymology: Middle English querre "the part of a game animal given to the hounds," from early French cureie, quereie (same meaning), from cuir "skin, hide" (on which the animal parts were placed), from Latin corium (same meaning) 1: an animal hunted as game or prey 2: something sought or chased after Word History The quarry a hunter chases is not related to the quarry that supplies building stones. The word for a hunter's quarry can be traced back to a ceremony that was once part of every successful hunt. The hounds used for chasing the game were rewarded after the kill by being allowed to eat part of the dead animal, which was given to them on a piece of hide. The French word for this hounds' share was cureie or quereie, which was borrowed into Middle English as querre. The word later came to be used for the live game animal itself. Now a quarry is anything that is pursued.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Recent decades have seen substantial changes in fish assemblages in rivers of peninsular Florida. The most striking change has involved the addition of nonnative fishes, including taxa from Asia, Africa, and Central and South America. I review recent and historical records of fishes occurring in the Kissimmee River basin (7,800 km2), a low-gradient drainage with 47 extant native fishes (one possibly the result of an early transplant), at least 7 foreign fishes (most of which are widely established), and a stocked hybrid. Kissimmee assemblages include fewer marine fishes than the nearby Peace and Caloosahatchee rivers, and fewer introduced foreign fishes than south Florida canals. Fish assemblages of the Kissimmee and other subtropical Florida rivers are dynamic, due to new introductions, range expansions of nonnative fishes already present, and periodic declines in nonnative fish populations during occasional harsh winters. The addition, dispersal, and abundance of nonnative fishes in the basin is linked to many factors, including habitat disturbance, a subtropical climate, and the fact that the basin is centrally located in a region where drainage boundaries are blurred and introductions of foreign fishes commonplace. The first appearance of foreign fishes in the basin coincided with the complete channelization of the Kissimmee River in the 1970s. Although not a causal factor, artificial waterways connecting the upper lakes and channelization of the Kissimmee River have facilitated dispersal. With one possible exception, there have been no basin-wide losses of native fishes. When assessing change in peninsular Florida waters, extinction or extirpation of fishes appears to be a poor measure of impact. No endemic species are known from peninsular Florida (although some endemic subspecies have been noted). Most native freshwater fishes are themselves descended from recent invaders that reached the peninsula from the main continent. These invasions likely were associated with major fluctuations in sea level since the original mid-Oligocene emergence of the Florida Platform. As opportunistic invaders, most native freshwater fishes in peninsular Florida are resilient, widespread, and common. At this early stage, it is not possible to predict the long-term consequences caused by the introduction of foreign fishes. We know a few details about the unusual trophic roles and other aspects of the life histories of certain nonnatives. Still, the ecological outcome may take decades to unfold.
Additional Publication Details
Changes in the fish fauna of the Kissimmee River basin, peninsular Florida: Nonnative additions

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
An industrial bolt is a type of mechanical fastener with a threaded body
that is driven through two adjacent surfaces for the purpose of
adjoining them securely in high stress situations. Bolts, which are
extremely versatile, can be categorized as hex bolts, T-head bolts or
toggle bolts. These broad groupings are used to narrow down the specific
type of bolt needed as there are dozens of possibilities.
Anchor bolts, U bolts, J bolts, eye bolts, lag bolts and expansion bolts name just a few members in the vast family of industrial bolts. The many options are due not only to the efficiency of bolt use, but also the many different applications and industries in which they are employed. Military, aerospace, construction, masonry, locomotive, mining, civil engineering, automotive, petrochemical, nuclear and architectural industries utilize high grade bolts. Specific uses range from securing factory floor equipment to supports for bridge construction. While most bolts are made of steel alloys, it is important to consider the bolt material as well as that of the adjoined surfaces when selecting a bolt. Other considerations include bolt length, shank length, diameter, threads per inch, grade and corrosion resistance. As industrial bolts often encounter chemical, environmental and high pressure stresses, zinc and cadmium plating are often added to even the most durable base materials in order to prolong the working life and stability of a bolt.
Most industrial bolts are comprised of two to three components, the rod, threading, shaft and head. Nuts and flanges are not bolt components, but rather additional hardware frequently used in conjunction with them to help create a secure clamp. The rod of the bolt is the long cylindrical element that is threaded either fully or partially, with any unthreaded segment being referred to as the shaft or shoulder. On a stud bolt, for example, the shaft section is in the middle with threading on either end. Though stud bolts are not, some bolts may be tapered at the threaded end. The top of the bolt is referred to as the head. Bolt heads can be square, flat, rounded, oval or hexagonal as with hex bolts. In addition to shape, heads can be categorized by type. Binding, truss, holt, one-way, washer and undercut are common head designations. The head is also important as the markings on it show the grade or strength of the bolt. Six radial lines, for example, signifies grade 8 bolts, which is the minimum strength rating for most industrial bolts. No matter the grade, the manufacturing process used to create industrial bolts begins with a steel, bronze, titanium, aluminum, brass or other durable metal wire rod which is heated consistently for an extended period of time. At this point all rust particles are removed. If needed, the metal is coated for added protection. Cold forging is then used to shape the rod at room temperature. The metal is forced through dyes at a high pressure to be shaped into long perfectly round rods. Once cut down to the desired length, a second dye shapes the head of the bolt if one is required. Cold forging using high pressure rollers is then used to press in the thread pattern for a pre-determined segment of the bolt. The finished industrial bolt is then ready for use in a variety of applications
Industrial Bolts - Hercules Fasteners


Eclipse and Maven Integration (without m2e)
This page describes how to integrate an EAR project in Eclipse or Eclipse-based IDE without m2e support. Normally however, using m2e (and m2e-wtp) should be the preferred way to integrate Maven and Eclipse. But in some rare cases that might not be possible.
If you have used mvn eclipse:eclipse to generate the metadata for an EAR project, it will want the application.xml file in the src/main/application/META-INF directory.
If you edit application.xml using the WTP based Application Deployment Descriptor editor, it will use the name of the projects (Web, EJB etc) as the name of the modules. Here is an example:
Obviously this does not have the typical Maven based version naming convention applied to it. This allows us to run the application internally within Eclipse using the test environments. When Maven is used to create the ear using mvn package, it will create the versionized application.xml file, if told to. However, by default it will not pick up the generated (versionized) one, it will use the existing one in the src/main/application/META-INF directory.
The solution to resolve this conflict is to have Maven generate the application.xml and use the generated one as opposed to the existing one.
This can be achieved via these two directives:
The first line tells Maven to generate a new application.xml file, by default in the target directory. The second line tells Maven to use it.


Huffpost UK Politics uk
The Blog
Kit Marsters Headshot
Government's Use of Atos to Combat Benefit Fraud is Flawed, Costly and Counterproductive
Posted: Updated:
Benefit scroungers. They're everywhere, according to the tabloids. They laze about, watching Sky TV on their giant plasmas, whilst decent, hardworking taxpayers pay for their various addictions and holidays abroad.
But are they really everywhere? Despite the hype, the figures show the claimants in a different light. According to the government, who should know about these things, the Incapacity Benefit 'Fraud and Error' figure is 2.4%. Of this 2.4%, only 0.3% is down to fraud. This amounts to a loss of £20m. The rest is down to customer error (0.9% or £50m) and official error (1.2% or £70m). It would appear that not that many people are faking a sore back or depression after all.
However, we must weed out those fraudulent people who are wrecking our economy. That is why the Department for Work and Pensions pays Atos Healthcare 100 million pounds per year, and they'll be doing so through to 2014. On top of that, it is estimated that the large amount of appeals against assessment decisions costs the taxpayer in the region of 50 million pounds. With a success rate of appeals of 40%, rising to 70% in Scotland, it begs the question if Atos is worth it.
It makes sense to assess claimants. It makes sense to check how their condition is progressing, and if there is any way the DWP can help them back into work. This could take the form of useful and suitable training, an update of people's skills, confidence building, interview techniques, or career advice if a previous field of work is no longer suitable.
Such assessments and support should be tailored to the individual claimant. Someone with an illness or condition that could reasonably be expected to cause a short-term setback would probably require more frequent assessments than someone with a life threatening condition, or severe mental health problems that have a negative impact on the individual and those around them. It wouldn't make much sense to drag these people to assessment after assessment, because it is unlikely that there will be significant changes in a short period of time. Indeed, frequent assessments could cause undue stress and could actually have a negative impact on the claimant's wellbeing.
It is baffling, then, that those who have been placed in the ESA Support Group find themselves constantly harassed. These are the 7% of claimants who were found too sick or disabled to work and who are therefore excluded from the Work Programme. They are people with severe conditions, unlikely to benefit from frequent assessments. And yet, just weeks after they've received the result of one stressful assessment they can expect another lengthy form to arrive, to be filled in for another assessment. It never ends.
It is baffling, because it is completely counterproductive. It doesn't help the claimant, and it doesn't help the taxpayer or the government. For many people in receipt of ESA Support, it's a frightening process. The form is lengthy, time-consuming and difficult to fill out. It makes the claimant think about everything that's wrong with them and all the things they find hard to do, which is rather depressing. Then there is the wait, and the assessment itself, often accompanied by lengthy waiting times at the centre before a person is actually seen.
The assessor doesn't always have the knowledge to judge a person's specific condition, or how it affects their daily life. It is a terrifying prospect for any claimant to be assessed by someone who doesn't have the required insight, because their future quite literally rests in the assessor's hands.
If they're declared fit for work when they aren't, they can lose everything. How can a person with a severe condition meet the requirements for Jobseeker's Allowance? They'd have to sign on on a regular basis, they'd have to actively look for jobs they know they can't do, and on top of that, they'd have to reapply for Housing Benefit and Council Tax Benefit, so they could get into serious trouble with their landlord.
Imagine having to go through this process every three months. Picture the stress, and the fear, and the knowledge that you're not allowed any sense of security until the system changes. How would that affect a person who is already suffering with mental health problems? How would it benefit a person with a life threatening illness?
The DWP's website states that "People who are found too sick or disabled will continue to receive unconditional support and a higher rate of benefit." It would appear that the support on offer is conditional. In order to receive support, a person has to prove themselves again and again... and again.
It's not helping them. Those who might, given time and proper treatment, rejoin the workforce can actually find their progress hindered by these too frequent assessments. And if they're kept in a terrified, insecure state and it prolongs the healing process, it means that the government and the taxpayer will have to support them for longer than necessary.
If some common sense and empathy were applied, it would be of benefit to all. Yes, assess claimants, but not at this rate, and not in this manner. A yearly assessment for those on ESA Support, carried out by proper, knowledgeable health professionals, would make far more sense. It would still allow the DWP to learn what's what, and it would give the claimants some peace of mind. It would help them along the road to recovery or, for those sadly unable to recover, it would show them that there's still some humanity left in this world.


Transcript for NASA Connect - Better Health From Space To Earth
[Lindsay:] Hi, I am Lindsay
[inaudible] from the TV
show "Grounded for Life".
On this episode of NASA
Connect, you will be introduced
to the importance of good
nutrition and exercise.
You will observe researchers and
scientists using math, science
and technology to learn
what we can learn in space
about our bodies here on earth.
In your classroom you will
do cool hands on activity
to estimate serving
sizes of different foods
and estimate your
average daily energy needs
and using the instructional
technology activity you'll develop
an exercise program
for Norbert and Zot.
So stay tune as Jennifer
Pulley takes you
on another exciting
episode of NASA Connects,
better health from space to earth.
[ Music ]
[Jennifer:] Here we go five, last
four makes you breathing, three,
two more, two come on you can
do it last one -- there we go.
Alright guys.
So grab some water,
rehydrate, take five.
[Jennifer:] Hi I am Jennifer
Pulley and welcome to NASA Connect.
The show that connects you to
math, science, technology and NASA.
In addition to being your
host I am also a Certified
Aerobics Instructor.
[RJ:] Hey!
Jennifer that was a great
workout, but I never know I had
so many stomach muscles.
[Jennifer:] But we do.
[RJ:] I hope you will
help me in my training.
[Jennifer:] Oh!
What do you training for?
[RJ:] Want to try off
my cross country team
and try also in a couple of weeks.
[Jennifer:] RJ that is super.
How's your training going?
[RJ:] Well, I guess its okay,
but I really don't have too
much energy during the day.
[Jennifer:] Well, have you
researched what nutrients your
body needs?
Because then you have to estimate
and measure portions to make sure
that the nutrients are in
there and of course you have
to have an exercise program.
[RJ:] Measuring, estimating
my nutritional needs
and exercise program, not
really I think I mean okay.
Do I look overweight?
[Jennifer:] No, not at all; tell
me what do you eat for breakfast?
[RJ:] I had a soda and
a glazed honey bun.
It's better than nothing.
[Jennifer Poly:] RJ a soda
and a glazed honey bun
that is loaded with sugar?
[RJ:] Yeah!
The sugar provides me with energy.
[Jennifer Poly:] Yeah, but that
energy doesn't last throughout the
whole day and that's
why you get tired.
You need something more
substantial for breakfast.
You know what I think -- I
think that we need to reevaluate
and improve your nutrition
and exercise program and not
where we can get you
in tip-top shape
for the cross country tryouts.
[RJ:] Okay.
[Lindsay:] Guys on today's program,
we will stress the importance
of good nutrition and exercise.
Especially in the adolescent
years and that's mean you.
We will visit with NASA researchers
to tell us what we can learn
in space about our
bodies here on earth.
And I will offer you a challenge
at the end of the program,
but before we talk more about
nutrition and exercise and visit
with NASA researchers, we must
first understand the mathematical
concepts for today's program, about
your estimation and measurement.
During the course of the
program you will be asked
to answer several
inquiry based questions.
After the questions
appear on the screen,
your teacher will pause the
program to allow you time to answer
and discuss the questions.
This is your time to explore
and become critical thinkers.
Students working in
groups take a few minutes
to answer the following questions:
Number one: What does it mean
to measure an estimate?
Number two: Are both math
concepts related to each other?
Explain. Number three: Give some
examples of things that you measure
and estimate everyday.
Now comparing your answers
to all three questions
with other groups in your class.
It is now time to pause the tape.
You know guys the math concepts
sub-measurement and estimation
on a central part
of our daily lives.
Let's think about things that
you measure on a daily basis.
Well, you measure time with
watches, weight with scales
and temperature with thermometers.
You may think of such measurements
as exact, but the accuracy
of a measurement depends on
the precision of the tool.
In this sense, measurements can
be thought up as estimations.
Now let's think about things
you estimate on a daily basis.
Like the length of time it takes
to get ready in the morning,
or how long you need to
walk to the bus stop,
or how much cereal you
pour into the bowl?
Estimation, is the
powerful mathematical idea
that can be used both to solve
problems and to check to see
if our results are reasonable.
You know, in reality
things aren't always exact
and good estimations
skills are really important
for living successfully.
For example,
[Jennifer:] Norbert
here wants to see
if the galactic fitness nine
thousand treadmill will fit
in his spare bedroom.
The dimensions for the base
of the treadmill are one point
eight meters by point nine meters.
Norbert's calculator
indicates that the base area
of the treadmill is sixteen
point two square meters.
Now does the base area of
sixteen point two square meters
for a treadmill seem
reasonable to you?
Sixteen point two square
meters square meters is
about the size of
Norbert's bedroom.
That would mean the galactic
fitness nine thousand is a pretty
big treadmill; unless, you tear
down a wall good luck trying
to squeeze the treadmill
through the door opening.
Actually, Norbert forgot
to enter the decimal point
in one point eight
on his calculator.
But using mental math Norbert's
estimates suggested that the area
of the treadmill should
be about two meters
by one meter or two square meters.
The actual base area
of the treadmill is one point
sixty two square meters.
In this case, Norbert used the
estimation technique of rounding.
Developing methods to check the
reasonable massive results is vital
to anyone working with
numbers especially engineers,
scientists and researchers.
[Lindsay:] So now you have a
good idea about the concepts
of measurement and estimation.
You know, this will be a
good time to pause the tape
and review your answers
to the three questions
I asked you earlier.
I just want to make sure
you are on the right track.
So how do you apply these
math concepts of estimation
and measurements to
nutrition and exercise?
Well, to answer this question
we must first learn what good
nutrition is and the
benefits of regular exercise?
[Jennifer:] Good nutrition
is critical throughout life,
but is most important for kids.
While the body is growing
good nutrition helps
to insure optimal health every
cell, every organ and every system
in the body relies
on good nutrition.
How many times have you fallen
asleep in class after lunch?
What do you typically
eat for lunch?
French fries, greasy
pizza, donuts, regular soda
or even glazed honey buns.
If you establish good
nutritional habits
at a young age it will help
lead to continuing these habits
as adults and remember guys the
key to anything you eat is the eat
in moderation that means
you don't eat an entire bag
of chips while watching TV.
An exercise is an integral part
of effective weight
maintenance and weight loss.
Exercise helps to control your
weight by using excess calories
that otherwise would
be stored as fat.
Regulation of body weight
is dependent on the number
of calories you eat
and use each day.
Balancing the calories you
use through physical activity
with calories you eat will help
you achieve your desired weight.
[RJ:] Now I have started to
understand the importance
of nutrition and exercise.
In order to stay healthy
throughout my life,
I have to start maintaining
a good level
of nutrition and exercise, now.
[Jennifer:] RJ I am
so proud of you.
You are on the right track buddy.
And did you know that NASA has an
interest in nutrition and exercise?
That's right, astronauts living
on the international space station
undergo changes in their body
that can affect the way
they function in space
and when they return to earth.
Think about this question,
what can we learn in space
about our bodies here on earth?
Also how do we apply the
math concepts of measurement
and estimation to
nutrition and exercise?
[ Music ]
[Jennifer:] Good form RJ.
Okay, well I help RJ with his
exercise and nutrition program.
Let's go visit Dr. Scott
Smith, a nutritionist
at NASA Johnson Space
Centre in Houston, Texas.
Keep going RJ.
[Dr. Scott Smith]: Thanks Jennifer,
hi my name is Scott Smith I am
the lead for NASA's nutrition
of our chemistry laboratory.
Jennifer provided you with
some great back and information
on the importance
of good nutrition.
Based on the information
she provided,
can you come up with the
definition for


text:
expurgate: Meaning and Definition of
Pronunciation: (ek'spur-gāt"), [key]
— -gat•ed, -gat•ing.
- to amend by removing words, passages, etc., deemed offensive or objectionable: Most children read an expurgated version of Grimms' fairy tales.
- to purge or cleanse of moral offensiveness.
- expurgate (Thesaurus)
Here are the facts and trivia that people are buzzing about.


As Covid deepens inequality, questions rise on whether technology can narrow the gap
CountryMiddle east
The global pandemic has aggravated existing inequalities around the world, and triggered questions about whether technology can help level the playing field. As a leading hub for cutting edge technology and innovation, Asia faces the same debate: Can technology work for all? Developing economies are more vulnerable to the inequities of access that exist in technologies like artificial intelligence, according to Kay Firth-Butterfield, head of AI and machine learning, at the World Economic Forum (WEF). "That's partly because we don't have sufficient data, because it's simply not being created," she told during a special episode of CNBC's The Edge.
"We need data to train the models and we need that data to not be prejudiced," she said, adding that developers need to come from those same emerging economies. "There's also a problem that so many people don't have internet and don't have access to the tools of AI. So these developing economies are being prejudiced because they can't access AI, more...


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Proceedings Paper
Multimodality medical image database for temporal lobe epilepsy
Author(s): Mohammad-Reza Siadat; Hamid Soltanian-Zadeh; Farshad A. Fotouhi; Kost Elisevich
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Paper Abstract
This paper presents the development of a human brain multi-modality database for surgical candidacy determination in temporal lobe epilepsy. The focus of the paper is on content-based image management, navigation and retrieval. Several medical image-processing methods including our newly developed segmentation method are utilized for information extraction/correlation and indexing. The input data includes T1-, T2-Weighted and FLAIR MRI and ictal/interictal SPECT modalities with associated clinical data and EEG data analysis. The database can answer queries regarding issues such as the correlation between the attribute X of the entity Y and the outcome of a temporal lobe epilepsy surgery. The entity Y can be a brain anatomical structure such as the hippocampus. The attribute X can be either a functionality feature of the anatomical structure Y, calculated with SPECT modalities, such as signal average, or a volumetric/morphological feature of the entity Y such as volume or average curvature. The outcome of the surgery can be any surgery assessment such as non-verbal Wechsler memory quotient. A determination is made regarding surgical candidacy by analysis of both textual and image data. The current database system suggests a surgical determination for the cases with relatively small hippocampus and high signal intensity average on FLAIR images within the hippocampus. This indication matches the neurosurgeons expectations/observations. Moreover, as the database gets more populated with patient profiles and individual surgical outcomes, using data mining methods one may discover partially invisible correlations between the contents of different modalities of data and the outcome of the surgery.
Paper Details
Date Published: 19 May 2003
PDF: 12 pages
Show Author Affiliations
Mohammad-Reza Siadat, Wayne State Univ. (United States)
Henry Ford Health System (United States)
Univ. of Tehran (Iran)
Farshad A. Fotouhi, Wayne State Univ. (United States)
Kost Elisevich, Henry Ford Health System (United States)
Published in SPIE Proceedings Vol. 5033:
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(MENAFN Press) Plastic is a natural product derived from hydrocarbons and is as natural as petrol or diesel, argues the All India Plastic Manufacturers Association (AIPMA), the co-organiser of Plastivision Arabia scheduled to be held at Expo Centre Sharjah from May 14 " 17, 2012.
"It is the misuse and specifically the littering of plastic which is unwarranted and harmful to the environment," said Mr. Jayesh Rambhia, President of AIPMA.
The AIPMA was making a case for putting an end to littering habits and working towards educating the public that plastics have a lower carbon footprint compared to other materials.
For example, plastic bags generate 39 per cent less greenhouse gas emissions than uncomposted paper bags; plastic bags consume less than 6 per cent of the water needed to make paper bags; plastic grocery bags consume 71% less energy during production than paper bags; and using paper sacks generates almost five times more solid waste than plastic bags.
"More than 90 per cent of plastic bags or any plastic which is disposed of properly is recycled and will not harm the environment. Any plastic that does not recycle will find its ways to designated land-fills where it will eventually bio-degrade, only if disposed properly," he added.
Some argue that plastic helps the environment is several ways. After all, plastic has been used to make cars lighter. As a result, less oil is used to mobilize the cars and less CO2 is emitted. In addition, plastic containers provide safe ways for disposing of toxic waste products.
"In our society and communities, people litter the landscape with plastics. This not only creates an eyesore with plastic floating at beaches or flying in the desert, but also poses a serious risk to the environment," said Mr Saif Mohammed Al Midfa, Director-General of Expo Centre Sharjah, the co-organiser of Plastivision Arabia.
Mr Midfa cited a report in the 'Community Reports' section of Gulf News dated April 11, 2012, which had a photograph of a bird struggling to remove pieces of plastic entangled around its neck. "It is a heart-wrenching sight. Had the plastic been disposed of properly, it wouldn't have caused this hardship to this poor creature," Mr Midfa said.
"The municipalities are doing their best in trying to curb this menace and the absence of awareness among the public is the main reason for such practices. The recent announcement of Sharjah Municipality to intensify imposing littering fine will go a long way in reducing littering and promoting recycling of plastic," Mr Midfa said.
"There is no point in hating all plastic products, instead we should actually hate the abuse of plastics. We should hate the way how this incredibly versatile product is made the enemy of public health and environment," Mr Midfa said.
Among the most crucial improvements in technology over the past few hundred years has been the creation of plastic. Today, plastic is used in just about everything we use, and we pay it almost no notice at all.
"Plastic is quite indispensable and there is no complete alternative for it," said Eng. Mohamed Saleh Badri, Director General of the Emirates Authority for Standardization & Metrology (ESMA).
"We use plastic in almost everything in our daily life, in our cars, at the workplace, in hospitals. However, it is important to manage disposable plastics like shopping bags, packaging, cups and cutlery," he added.
"We have introduced a law to use Oxo bio-degradable plastic in shopping bags and garbage bags across the UAE since the beginning of 2012. Information on this, the proper usage of additives, and registration of additive suppliers will be available at our stand at the forthcoming Plastivision Arabia," he said.
ESMA will also create workshop on the specific requirements for registration of Oxo biodegradable plastic bags as part of Plastivision Arabia.
Plastivision Arabia is organised by Expo Centre Sharjah and the All India Plastic Manufacturers Association with the support of the Sharjah Chamber of Commerce and Industry.


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Perhaps the most recommendable thing, before approaching an explanation on the adequate form in which the generatriz fraction of a decimal number must be found, classified as a pure periodic unlimited Decimal, is to revise some definitions, that will allow to understand this procedure within its precise mathematical context.
In this sense, it may also be prudent to delimit this theoretical revision to four specific notions: Fractions, Decimal Numbers, Generatrix Fraction and Unlimited Pure Periodic Decimal Numbers, because the expressions and numbers directly involved in the operation are respectively, by means of which we try to establish what is the fraction equivalent to the decimal number, classified -because of the characteristics of its incomplete unitsas an unlimited pure periodical decimal. Here are each of these concepts:
In this way, we can begin by saying that Mathematics considers the fraction as a mathematical expression, with which to refer to fractional quantities, which in turn constitute rational numbers. Likewise, this discipline indicates that the fraction should always be noted as the division between two integers, an expression that as a consequence will be conformed by two parts, explained in the following way:
- Numerator: this denomination will correspond to the number that constitutes the superior part of the fraction. Its mission will be to indicate how many parts of the whole the fraction represents.
- Denominator: secondly, the denominator will be found, which is then understood as the number that constitutes the lower part of the fraction. Its task is to indicate in how many parts the whole is divided, of which the fraction represents some of these, by means of the numerator.
On the other hand, it will also be useful to throw lights on the concept of the decimal number, which will be explained by Mathematics as the numerical element, by means of which non-exact or fractional quantities can be expressed, which can refer to both rational and irrational numbers. Likewise, the mathematical discipline indicates that decimal numbers are always made up of two different parts -one integer and the other decimalwhich have been explained in the following way:
- Integer part: first, within the decimal number, an integer part can be distinguished, denominated by Mathematics as Units. It is made up of an integer, which may be positive, negative or even zero. As it is constituted by numbers belonging to the Decimal Numbering System, the elements of the Units will have a positional value, being possible to count in them, from right to left, the units, tens, hundreds, units of a thousand, tens of a thousand, etc.
- Decimal part: in the second instance, within the decimal numbers, the mathematical discipline also refers to a decimal part, known as Incomplete Units. This part will always be made up of a number less than the unit, and that in the Numerical Line can be located between zero and one.
Its elements also have a positional value, distinguishing then, from left to right, between tenths, hundredths, thousandths, ten thousandths, etc. It is this part of the decimal number that is taken into account when classifying or identifying which type of decimal is the number, or whether it refers to a rational or irrational number.
Likewise, Mathematics points out that a rational number can be expressed in two different ways: either as the division or quotient of two numbers, conformed as a fraction; or on the contrary as a decimal number, which has limited or unlimited incomplete units but has periods that are repeated in them. Consequently, then, the generative fraction will be the fractional expression, constituted by two integers that divide, and from where a specific decimal number is born, referring to a rational number.
In this sense, it is important to say that the incomplete units of a decimal number representing a rational number must always be either limited, or unlimited periodic, since otherwise, the decimal number refers to a rational number, that is, a decimal number that has unlimited incomplete units, which extend to infinity, without repeating any series. Irrational numbers don't have a generatizing fraction, since due to their characteristics it is impossible to represent them as a fraction.
Unlimited decimal number pure newspaper
Finally, it will also be important to point out that Mathematics has defined pure periodic unlimited decimal numbers as a decimal number, which refers to a rational number, which is characterized by counting in its incomplete units a number or series of numbers that repeat to infinity, and which are located immediately after the comma separating integers from incomplete units.
Generatrix fraction of a pure periodic unlimited decimal number
Once each of these concepts has been reviewed, it is probably much easier to approach an explanation of how to find the generatrix fraction from which a pure periodic unlimited decimal number has come out, which as a rational number at the end can be represented both as a decimal and as a fraction, since between these two fractions there is equivalence, since it basically refers to the same rational number or fractional quantity.
Steps to find the generatrix fraction of a pure periodic unlimited decimal number
In this order of ideas, the mathematical discipline has also pointed out that there is a method to follow, once the characteristics of the decimal number have been inspected, it has been verified that in effect it is an unlimited pure periodic decimal, and it is desired to find the generatrix fraction from which it comes, and that it will be conformed by the following steps:
1.- The decimal number will be taken and its comma will be suppressed.
2.- Only the decimal part will be taken, that is to say, the incomplete Units, and they will be annotated in the numerator of the generatrix fraction.
3.- This amount placed in the numerator will be subtracted from the integer part that originally had the unlimited periodic incomplete decimal number.
4.- In the space of the denominator it will then be necessary to place as many nines as numbers have the period that is repeated in the decimal number.
Example of how to determine the generatrix fraction of a pure newspaper unlimited decimal
However, it may be that the best way to complete an explanation about the adequate way in which the generatrix fraction of a pure unlimited periodic decimal number must be found is through a concrete example, which allows to see in practice how each one of the steps indicated by Mathematics are fulfilled. Next, the following exercise:
Find the generating fraction of the following unlimited pure periodic decimal number: 0.645664566456
October 31, 2019
- ← Generatrix fraction of an unlimited decimal number periodical mixed
- Generatrix fraction of a limited decimal →


text: Several studies have shown a positive relationship between local greenspace availability and residents' health, which may offer opportunities for health improvement. This study focuses on three mechanisms through which greenery might exert its positive effect on health: stress reduction, stimulating physical activity and facilitating social cohesion. Knowledge on mechanisms helps to identify which type of greenspace is most effective in generating health benefits. In eighty neighbourhoods in four Dutch cities data on quantity and quality of streetscape greenery were collected by observations. Data on self-reported health and proposed mediators were obtained for adults by mail questionnaires (N = 1641). Multilevel regression analyses, controlling for socio-demographic characteristics, revealed that both quantity and quality of streetscape greenery were related to perceived general health, acute health-related complaints, and mental health. Relationships were generally stronger for quality than for quantity. Stress and social cohesion were the strongest mediators. Total physical activity was not a mediator. Physical activity that could be undertaken in the public space (green activity) was, but less so than stress and social cohesion. With all three mediators included in the analysis, complete mediation could statistically be proven in five out of six cases. In these analyses the contribution of green activity was often not significant. The possibility that the effect of green activity is mediated by stress and social cohesion, rather than that it has a direct health effect, is discussed.


text: It's absolutely impossible for a person to involuntarily have his or her eyes and mouth closed at the same time. Keeping both closed requires a conscious effort. This is why everyone's mouth is open when they sleep and why you feel like yawning every time you blink your eyes. It's also why they train salespeople and politicians to keep their eyes closed when they speak. It makes it harder to stop them from talking.


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The standard sort of photosynthesis uses a so-called C-3 chemical pathway. But maybe from 8-7 million years ago there's an increasing proliferation of so-called C-4 plants. They use an alternative, more-efficient pathway to incorporate carbon from C02. C-4 plants evolved independently 45-60 times.
Tropical grasslands are mostly C-4. The profusion of grasses, herbivores, and carnivores on tropical savannahs will owe a lot to C-4 plants. This evolutionary transition is probably a sign that C02 levels are declining, and have reached a threshold where C-4 plants are favored.
Going back about 7 million years, C02 levels stood at maybe 1500 parts per million (ppm). (They were higher earlier in the Miocene.) Levels decline pretty steadily, leading to global cooling and eventual Ice Ages. But things never again reach the extremes of Snowball Earth 750 million years ago.
At the beginning of the Industrial Age C02 levels stood below 300 ppm. They went above 400 ppm last year.


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Home temperature is important to all. No one at any age enjoys an indoor environment that's chronically uncomfortable. However, controlling temperatures inside the house becomes even more relevant as years pass. That's why it's important to identify the most appropriate temperature for senior residents over the age of 65. Significant medical research has identified the effects of home temperatures on seniors, as well as the most preferable temperature range for that age group. Major conclusions from these studies include:
- Persons in the senior age range experience a measurable reduction in strength of major muscle groups when exposed to a cold environment. This can occur after just 45 minutes in a room that is cooler than appropriate for their age.
- The resultant loss of strength, agility, and balance due to exposure to low temperatures can make moving about more difficult and may increase the risk of falls that cause injury.
- A colder indoor environment may also exacerbate respiratory conditions and complicate recovery from even simple common colds.
- Some seniors may be less able to perceive that indoor temperatures are too chilly. Therefore, they are less likely to set the thermostat temperature higher and/or put on additional clothing to stay warmer.
Based on research, the following conclusions can be drawn about ideal indoor home temperature for seniors:
- In all cases, indoor temperatures where seniors reside should be kept above 65 degrees.
- The general range for senior safety and comfort extends from 65 degrees up to 78 degrees. Within that range, the ideal temperature for a specific individual is generally a matter of personal preference.
- In addition to keeping indoor temperatures in the recommended range, weatherizing the house, including air sealing the structure to prevent chilly drafts and ensuring that attic insulation meets current standards, also helps to maintain indoor safety and comfort for seniors.
For all your heating and cooling needs, contact the professionals at Jackson & Sons.


Pharmacy Industry Overview
 The retail pharmacy and pharmaceutical wholesale industries are highly competitive and dynamic and have experienced consolidation and an evolving competitive landscape in recent years. Prescription drugs play a significant role in healthcare, constituting a first line of treatment for many medical conditions. New and innovative drugs will improve quality of life and control healthcare costs.
The U.S. retail pharmacy industry relies significantly on private and governmental third-party payors. Many private organizations throughout the healthcare industry, including PBM companies and health insurance companies, have consolidated in recent years to create larger healthcare enterprises with greater bargaining power. Third-party payors, including the Medicare Part D plans and the state-sponsored Medicaid and related managed care Medicaid agencies in the United States, can change eligibility requirements or reduce certain reimbursement rates.
Changes in law or regulation can also impact reimbursement rates and terms. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act was enacted to help control federal healthcare spending, including for prescription drugs. These changes at the federal and state level are generally expected to reduce Medicaid reimbursements in the U.S. When third-party payors or governmental authorities take actions that restrict eligibility or reduce prices or reimbursement rates, sales and margins in the retail pharmacy industry could be reduced. In some cases, these possible adverse effects may be partially or entirely offset by controlling inventory costs and other expenses, dispensing higher margin generics, finding new revenue streams through pharmacy services or other offerings, dispensing a greater volume of prescriptions or any combination of these actions.
Generic prescription drugs have continued to help lower overall costs for customers and third-party payors. In the U.S. in general, generic versions of drugs generate lower sales dollars per prescription, but higher gross profit percentages, as compared with patent-protected brand name drugs. In general, in the U.S., specialty prescription business is also growing and generates higher sales dollars per prescription, but lower gross margin, as compared to generic prescription drugs.
Pharmacists are on the frontlines of the healthcare delivery system, and we believe rising healthcare costs and the limited supply of primary care physicians present opportunities for pharmacists and retail pharmacies to play an even greater role in driving positive outcomes for patients and payors through expanded service offerings such as immunizations and other preventive care, healthcare clinics, pharmacist-led medication therapy management and chronic condition management.
Pharmaceuticals represent a significant and growing total addressable healthcare market. The pharmaceutical market experienced significant growth in recent years as complex chronic conditions, care coordination, technology-enabled patient care, biotechnology research and outcomes-based healthcare have increased in focus.
In light of accelerating usage of mail order and delivery-based services, both before and after the global COVID-19pandemic, the market for personalized and convenient care access is increasing. We have provided same-day and next-day home delivery services over the past 13years of our operations. We are uniquely positioned in Florida to gain an increasing market share among a broad demography of patients due to our high-performance scores and value-added services. Additionally, we see value in the opportunity to create strategic partnerships, acquire synergistic operations and expand current operations to round out pharmacy capabilities which could include specialty medications, sterile compounding, and mail-order.
Investors' Presentation


text:
Nightjars are largely nocturnal family. They look like owls, with large heads and eyes and a cryptic plumage. The family name caprimulgidae was given to them after some superstitious belief that because of their wide mouths, the birds suckled goats.
In Kenya we have 13 different species of Nightjars, wide spread in different habitats across the country. The photo appearing above was taken at a rocky countryside of Lake Baringo. Most species are nocturnal or active at dusk, and are solitary and retiring. They concentrate their foraging bouts during twilight hours.
By day, they roots on exposed grounds or rocks, in leaf litter, or on branches. When roosting, they adopt a horizontal posture, in contrast to owls.
Nightjars have very large eyes, adopted to low light condition. They eye have a tapetum, a reflective membrane that increases the amount of light entering the eyeball. Its presence causes reflective "eye-shine" when the eye are illuminated by artificial light.


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Linearization of Models with Delays
This example shows how to linearize a Simulink model with delays in it.
Linearization of Models with Continuous Delays
You can linearize a Simulink model with continuous time delays blocks such as the Transport Delay, Variable Transport Delay, and Variable Time Delay using one of the following options:
 - Use a Pade approximations of the delays to get a rational linear system through linearizations.
 - Compute a linearization where the delay is exactly represented. Use this option when you need accurate simulation and frequency responses from a linearized model and when assessing the accuracy of Pade approximation.
By default, Simulink Control Design uses Pade approximations of the delay blocks in a Simulink model.
To open the engine speed model used in this example, type
model ='scdspeed';
The engine speed model contains a Variable Transport Delay block named dM/dt in the subsystem Induction to Power Stroke Delay. For convenience you can store the path to the block in a MATLAB variable by typing
DelayBlock ='scdspeed/Induction to Power Stroke Delay/dM//dt delay';
To compute a linearization using a first order approximation, use one of the following techniques to set the order of the Pade approximation to 1:
 - In the Variable Transport Delay block dialog box, enter 1 in the Pade Order (for linearization) field.
 - At the command line, enter the following command:
Next, specify the linearization I/O to throttle angle as the input and engine speed as the output by running:
io(1) = linio('scdspeed/throttle (degrees)',1,'input');
io(2) = linio('scdspeed/rad//s to rpm',1,'output');
Compute the linearization using the following linearize command:
sys_1st_order_approx = linearize(model,io);
You can compute a linearization using a second order approximation by setting the Pade order to 2:
sys_2nd_order_approx = linearize(model,io);
To compute a linear model with the exact delay representation, set the 'UseExactDelayModel' property in the linoptions object to on:
opt = linearizeOptions;
opt.UseExactDelayModel = 'on';
Linearize the model using the following linearize command:
sys_exact = linearize(model,io,opt);
Compare the Bode response of the Pade approximation model and the exact linearization model by running:
p = bodeoptions('cstprefs');
p.Grid = 'on';
p.PhaseMatching = 'on';
p.XLimMode = {'Manual'};
p.XLim = {[0.1 1000]};
f = figure;
h = legend('sys_1st_order_approx','sys_2nd_order_approx','sys_exact',...
In the case of a first order approximation, the phase begins to diverge around 50 rad/s and diverges around 100 rad/s.
Close the Simulink model.
Linearization of Models with Discrete Delays
When linearizing a model with discrete delay blocks, such as (Integer) Delay and Unit Delay blocks use the exact delay option to account for the delays without adding states to the model dynamics. Explicitly accounting for these delays improves your simulation performance for systems with many discrete delays because your fewer states in your model.
To open the Simulink model of a discrete system with a Delay block with 20 delay state used for this example, run the following.
model ='scdintegerdelay';
By default the linearization includes all of the states folded into the linear model. Set the linearization I/Os and linearize the model as follows:
io(1) = linio('scdintegerdelay/Step',1,'input');
io(2) = linio('scdintegerdelay/Discrete Filter',1,'output');
sys_default = linearize(model,io);
Integrate the resulting model to see that it has 21 states (1 - Discrete Filter, 20 - Integer Delay).
State-space model with 1 outputs, 1 inputs, and 21 states.
You can linearize this same model using the 'UseExactDelayModel' property as follows:
opt = linearizeOptions;
opt.UseExactDelayModel = 'on';
sys_exact = linearize(model,io,opt);
Interrogating the new resulting model shows that it has 1 state and the delays are accounted for internally in the linearized model.
State-space model with 1 outputs, 1 inputs, and 1 states.
Run a step response simulation of both linearized model to see that they are identical by running the following commands.
h = legend('sys_default','sys_exact',...
Close the Simulink model and clean up figures.
Working with Linearized Models with Delays
For more information on manipulating linearized models with delays, see the Control System Toolbox documentation along with the examples "Specifying Time Delays" and "Analyzing Control Systems with Delays".
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Qualifying for Unemployment: Can I Get Unemployment Benefits?
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Unemployment benefits are paid to covered workers who have been laid off or terminated from their jobs. They are paid out of federal and state taxes collected from employers who have at least one employee or who pay wages equal to or greater than $1,500 in a single quarter.
Workers may generally collect these benefits as long as they are actively looking for work; have earned enough money or worked long enough to become eligible; and were not terminated for cause.
Qualifying for Unemployment Benefits
Although the Federal Unemployment Tax Act effectively makes unemployment a partnership between the states and the federal government, ultimately unemployment is largely a state-run program. This means that the rules and requirements for qualifying for unemployment benefits vary by state.
To find a detailed listing of the specific requirements for a particular state, applicants can visit the website of the state agency responsible for administering the unemployment program. In many states, this agency is called the Department of Labor, although other names are used as well. For instance, in Texas, the Workforce Commission handles unemployment issues. An experienced employment law attorney may also be able to provide advice on specific eligibility.
While the rules can vary somewhat by state, there are many common requirements that exist. A general overview of qualification requirements can offer an indication of whether a person may qualify. Typically, the four main issues that determine eligibility relate to:
1. How Long the Employee Worked/How Much Money Earned
It is not possible to take a job, work just a day or two, and then collect unemployment benefits. Instead, there are minimum requirements in every state that must be fulfilled before one can qualify for benefits. In some states, this takes the form of a minimum amount of money earned before meeting eligibility. In some states, the amount of time worked is key. In most cases, both the time worked and the money earned are relevant.
When considering time worked, the relevant question is how many of the most recent months were dedicated to that employment. In most states, the months of the year are broken up into calendar quarters. There are four calendar quarters: January through March; April through June; July through September and October through December. When determining eligibility for unemployment benefits, states often specify a set number of calendar quarters that will be looked at to determine if work history qualifies a person for benefits. These calendar quarters are referred to as a "base period."
In Ohio, for instance, the base period is defined as the first four of the previous five completed calendar quarters prior to the time the claim is filed. For instance, if a person is starting the claims process on January 1, 2012, the base period would start on October 1, 2010.
In New York, there are two different base periods used. The first is the basic base period, which uses the same requirement as Ohio and looks at employment in the first four of the last five calendar quarters. However, an alternate base period can also be used if the person does not qualify. The alternative base period allows use of the last four completed calendar quarters prior to making a claim.
There are also income requirements for how much must have been earned per quarter. For instance, in New York, one requirement related to income is that the claimant must have earned at least $1600 in one of the calendar quarters during the base period. Other states also impose different income restrictions and requirements.
2. The Reason for Leaving the Position
The reason for leaving a job is also relevant in determining unemployment benefits. Many people wrongly believe they can never get benefits if they quit their job. This is not always the case. If the reason a person quit was because of a problem at work (i.e. quitting was attributable to the employer) or because of a medical or family situation that forced them to leave their job, it may be possible to get benefits despite voluntary departure.
When fired from a job, an employee may also be able to get unemployment benefits. Typically, however, they cannot get these benefits if they were fired for misconduct related to the job. Being fired for other reasons: merely not getting along with a boss, the job wasn't a good fit, or because the employee performed the job poorly, may likely not produce unemployment benefits. Typical examples of misconduct that disqualify a person from unemployment include failing a drug test, lying or falsifying records or information, violating company policy deliberately, or stealing.
3. Whether the Person Is Actively Seeking Work
In order to be eligible for unemployment, one must be willing and able to work and must be actively looking for a job. The rules of unemployment say those receiving benefits must be using what time they would have been putting into a full-time job, to find new work. So if someone goes on vacation for a week, technically they should not be receiving benefits for that time. It is important that claimants keep careful and detailed records of jobs they are applying for and contacts they make as it may be asked of them to produce evidence that they are looking for work in order to receive benefits.
In many states, claimants must register for work with a specific organization or agency. For instance, in the state of Texas, they have to register as a job seeker on WorkInTexas.com or with a local Workforce Solutions office within three days of filing a claim for benefits.
4. Whether They Are Currently Earning Income
If an individual is working part time or in a temporary position, unemployment benefits may be reduced depending on the number of days worked and on the amount of wages or income earned. In Oregon, for example, benefits will be reduced by earnings paid that exceed the greater of ten times the minimum wage or 1/3 of benefit amounts. If a claimant earns more in a week than their benefit amount, they receive no unemployment benefits for that week.
Getting Legal Help
If you have been denied a claim for benefits or had your claim for benefits stopped inappropriately, you may be able to appeal in order to prove your eligibility and get the benefits you need. An attorney who specializes in unemployment law can provide you with assistance in appealing or understanding your rights and obligations for receiving unemployment benefits.
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recognizing and manipulating shapes; problem solving
In this online version of the ancient game of tangrams, seven little shapes become a rabbit, a person, a spaceship, and more. Click and drag the shapes to build a figure. The game allows players to rotate the shapes, ask for hints, and use an outline of the figure for an easier challenge.
See more than 50 additional interactive online games in our Math Machine Archive.
Article by Cara Bafile
Copyright © 2007 Education World
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Silver Karshapana of Matsya Janapada
13 Oct 2020 Tue
The word Janapada is derived from a Sanskrit word 'Jana' and 'Pada'. Jana means 'people' or 'subject' and the word 'Pada' means 'foot'.
The janapada were the kingdoms of the Indian Vedic period reaches from the Late Bronze Age into the Iron Age. There were nearly around 16th Mahajanapadas, most of the states were annexed by more powerful neighbours, although some remained independent.
The Matsya Janapadas was one of the sixteen Mahajapadas. In Sanskrit, the word Matsya is known as 'Fish'. Today it is a modern part of central Rajasthan. The people of Matsya Janapada are also associated with Surasena (Uttar Pradesh) was also an ancient kingdom of India.
This silver karshapana that weighs around 11.41g was issued from Matsya Janapada.
Image Courtesy: Imperial Auction
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Antiochene riteArticle Free Pass
Antiochene rite, also called West Syrian rite, the system of liturgical practices and discipline observed by Syrian Monophysites (Jacobites), the Malabar Christians of Kerala, India (Jacobites), and three Eastern-rite communities of the Roman Catholic church: Catholic Syrians, Maronites, and Malankarese Christians of Kerala. The Antiochene rite is sometimes called the West Syrian rite to distinguish it from the Chaldean, or East Syrian, rite.
The Antiochene rite, which served as the earliest model for almost all Eastern rites, originated in the patriarchate of Antioch and later generated the Byzantine and Alexandrian rites. The Liturgy of St. James evolved from the Jerusalem–Antioch liturgy and is currently used in modified form by both Catholic and Jacobite Syrians and Maronites.
What made you want to look up "Antiochene rite"? Please share what surprised you most...


Montezuma Castle | Attraction Guides | History Hit
Montezuma Castle
Camp Verde, Arizona, United States
History Hit
24 Nov 2020
About Montezuma Castle
Montezuma Castle in Arizona, USA is a cliff dwelling built by the Sinagua Indians in around 1100AD and occupied until approximately 1425AD.
Occupying an area of around 4,000 square feet, Montezuma Castle is an eminently impressive five storey limestone and mud structure demonstrating the ingenuity of the Sinagua people.
Unfortunately, the public cannot actually enter Montezuma Castle and have not been able to do so since 1951. Those interested in its history and excavation can visit the onsite museum.
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Are DJs Artists in their Own Right?
Are DJs also artists? That is a tough issue. Sure, DJ's need some talent, but is that enough to make DJs an artist? DJ'ing can be considered as an art form. Composers, musicians, photographers, and painters are artists with great skills. They take advantage of their ability to feel other emotions and translate it into something. Either they create something new and fresh or they document a particular scenario and then make the outcome accessible to the public.
The same is true for DJs. DJs use their skills to create sets of mixes, which is like capturing something that is unique that could be released to the public. Since photography is considered an art form, then DJ'ing should be too.
The Role of DJs
At the very least, a DJ chooses and executes a wide array of music. The main purpose is to get people to dance. But can you say that it is an art? This can be done with a random iPod shuffle. That is a naïve point of view, naturally. A simple playlist on the iPod won't keep the people dancing. Some people might dance to fun music. But that's a dumb chance or pure luck. There's no singer on an iPod. DJ'ing is a few significant things. Firstly, there's the mixing phase. Second, there's the song choice.
1. Mixing
DJs mix songs to create music bundles where the listener is uncertain about the distinctions between songs. This keeps the energy on the dance floor in constant flow. When all elements interact, the music sounds very good. Mixing is considered a talent that can be learned by many people. It's important as it puts together music, but it is simply a general process, not in itself a creative process.
2. Music Collection
DJing's most basic aspect is music collection. A DJ chooses a selection of songs to make a mixing kit that suits well. If a DJ is doing his job properly, the set will not only be perfect, but it will take people to a symphonic musical journey. Using the major and minor keys, the kit will take people to highs or lows, lights or shadows. This does not happen spontaneously. It's done by observing the people's mood dancing floor carefully, while considering what songs blend well. DJ sets frequently build the energy up to high intensities before dropping gradually to the point where they started. Before falling back easily, a lot of DJ sets will start subtly and keep building up people, increasing excitement and energy. A DJ often ends his set with a crescendo.
3. Mix Set
A DJ mix set's important feature is the trip it's offering its listeners. A DJ could mix sets of songs on the radio or studio that brings listeners on a journey just as effective, though it's easier because most of the mixing sets are designed to respond to the listener.
So, if you have an event coming up, try hiring a DJ to perk up the celebration. Find the best wedding Sweet sixteen DJS in Yonkers and Westchester to grace up your event to make it more memorable than ever.
The Importance of Home Inspection
Buying a house comes in several stages. You must start using a good realtor's services to build your home and neighborhood preferences list. Evaluate your future plans and financial state to see which price range is important to you. Next, consider visiting forums, going to open houses to get real close to homeownership
As you see your options and get ready to buy, the next logical step will be to employ a home inspector's services. You might wonder why with your realtor, you spent a lot of time checking the properties to ensure that all is fine. Purchasing a house is most people's largest individual purchase. It's important that nothing is looked over. You can't make mistakes or you'll pay them dearly.
Home Inspection Basics
Apparently, there are people who have more experience in construction, structure, engineering, and equipment than others. Many of us can't see it all in-depth enough to guarantee confidence when it comes to the house's true state, even when we enter with a knowledgeable family member, colleague, or friend. A person with expertise and equipment is needed to do that job.
Home inspectors have technical information on the property's quality. It seems straightforward, but the initial step would be to seek a qualified inspector to check the house you want to buy. But property inspectors are very busy during the high season. Ensure that the house inspector has enough time to perform a meticulous job and meet the deadline. It's not time to skip some important details.
Why You Need a Home Inspector
If you don't meet with a home inspector to feedback, brief notes, and references then you're in for some trouble. Check out the home inspector's website to know more about their services. Find out if the contractor belongs to any professional associations, which encourages integrity by providing services, guidance, and strict ethical code. Check whether the inspector that is conducting the research is qualified.
Your home inspector should give you a checklist and a standard report format. You must expect a written report along with lots of pictures and comprehensive pages from them, too. The prosecutor should spend several hours testing the property indoors and outdoors. Know what the protocol is, what details are included in the report, and what else is included. In case you need more reports, be sure about the information they contain.
How Much Does it Cost?
Home inspection service rates and costs in Westchester New York can vary greatly. It all boils down to getting a quote from three different service providers. If you know for a fact that you can save money by hiring a cheaper home inspector without compromising on quality, then go for it. It shouldn't be too hard to find the right one if you're lead to the right track.
A home inspection service is an investment that every property buyer should make. It is what would ensure you that the property you bought will be sound and that you're getting your full money's worth out of it.
Do You Need a Per Diem Attorney?
When you need to go to trial, court appearances or per diem lawyers can be your initial line of support for the courts. Unexpected telephone calls to the courts can change everything. Going to the trial when you're busy with something else can be very challenging. There are many other cases that will benefit from the services of a per diem legal service.
You will need those kinds of lawyers to assist you and inform judges about the position of your case. Sometimes you have to testify before the court but you don't have time. Per diem lawyers handle these things for you.
What Does Per Diem Attorneys Do?
Per diem attorneys are lawyers who handle the simplest court processes. In reality, you could hire many lawyers or law firms that can support you with your legal problems. You also have ties to private attorneys, legal firms, and even to trial and media interpreters. But you might also need access to per diem lawyers.
You can employ per diem lawyers to appeal to the other side, in addition to being your representative in court. Most of the time, you have to speak with the opposing party before you do anything. The lawyers of the two sides must meet to determine whether or not to respond to such a motion.
Talking to the other party is important if it is necessary to arrange or make a schedule for the trial or jury. Many courts have adopted rules that allow parties to follow trial preparations. The judge will never excuse you for not attending these sessions. The judges, in fact, show little patience with the party who doesn't show up.
Per Diem Attorneys as Court Advocates
These attorneys may serve as attorneys for appearances representing and defending you in court. You can argue for yourself but you can't speak for yourself. If additional orders are needed, the prosecutor may immediately call your office at the trial.
If you don't have any evidence to bring to the court, it is advised that you employ these lawyers. They can help if you can't fly back to court only to provide lost documents. In hiring them, you'll save more time, resources, and money. You can spend your time working on your unfinished cases instead.
Additional Roles of Per Diem Attorney
You can also instruct these lawyers to seek some court orders for you. To seek court orders you need an attorney because it is the judge who makes legal decisions. The guidelines of the court's aim are to create substantive agreements between the parties. In the event that you have nothing else to do except to obey a judge's order, the job of the per diem attorneys is to relay that to the party he is working for.
Often, hiring a bigtime lawyer for small-time cases can be intimidating. If you happen to have a lost report or if you need to reschedule a hearing, per diem lawyers, can help. They can handle your court appearance for you. They can step in so you don't have to. Cesar and Connie are the Founders of the Premier Per Diem Lawyer Service in New York and New Jersey. You can consult with


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Without sensors, a robot is just a machine. Robots need sensors to deduce what is happening in their world and to be able to react to changing situations. This chapter introduces a variety of robotic sensors and explains their electrical use and practical application. The sensor applications presented here are not meant to be exhaustive, but merely to suggest some of the possibilities. Please do not be limited by the ideas contained in this chapter! Assembly instructions for the kit sensors are given in Section 2.6.
The basic function of an electronic sensor is to measure some feature of the world, such as light, sound, or pressure and convert that measurement into an electrical signal, usually a voltage or current. Typical sensors respond to stimuli by changing their resistance (photocells), changing their current flow (phototransistors), or changing their voltage output (the Sharp IR sensor). The electrical output of a given sensor can easily be converted into other electrical representations.
There are two basic types of sensors: analog and digital. The two are quite different in function, in application, and in how they are used with the RoboBoard. An analog sensor produces a continuously varying output value over its range of measurement. For example, a particular photocell might have a resistance of 1kin bright light and a resistance of 300k in complete darkness. Any value between these two is possible depending on the particular light level present. Digital sensors, on the other hand, have only two states, often called "on" and "off." Perhaps the simplest example of a digital sensor is the touch switch. A typical touch switch is an open circuit (infinite resistance) when it is not pressed, and a short circuit (zero resistance) when it is depressed.
Some sensors that produce a digital output are more complicated. These sensors produce pulse trains of transitions between the 0 volt state and the 5 volt state. With these types of sensors, the frequency characteristics or shape of this pulse train convey the sensor's measurement. An example of this type of sensor is the Sharp modulated infrared light detector. With this sensor, the actual element measuring light is an analog device, but signal-processing circuitry is integral to the sensor produces a digital output.
The RoboBoard contains input ports for both analog and digital sensors. While both types of ports are sensitive to voltage, each type interprets the input voltage differently and provides different data to the microprocessor. The analog ports measure the voltage and convert it to a number between 0 and 255, corresponding to input voltage levels between 0 and 5 Volts. The conversion scale is linear, so a voltage of 2.5 volts would generate an output value of 127 or 128. The digital ports, however, convert an input voltage to just two output values, Zero and One. If the voltage on a digital port is less than 2.5 Volts, the output will be 0, while if the input is greater than 2.5 Volts, the output will be 1. Thus, the conversion is very nonlinear.
The C library function analog(port-#) is used to return the value of a particular analog sensor port. For example, the IC statement
sets the value of the variable val equal to the output of port #27.
Many devices used as digital sensors are wired to be active low, meaning that they generate 0 Volts when they are active (or true). The digital inputs on the RoboBoard have a pull-up resistor that makes the voltage input equal to 5 Volts when nothing is connected. A closed or depressed touch switch connected to a digital port would change that voltage to 0 Volts by shorting the input to ground. The resulting outputs: open switch, and closed switch, are the logical opposite of what we usually want. That is, we would prefer the output of the digital port to have value 0 or False normally, and change to 1 or True only when the switch hit something (like a wall or another robot) and was depressed. The IC library function digital(port-#), used to read a True-or-False value associated with a particular sensor port, performs this logical inversion of the signal measured on a digital port. Hence, the depressed touch switch (measuring 0 Volts on the hardware) causes the digital() function to return a 1 (logic true) or logical True value.
For example, the C statement
returns a True value (the number 1) and calls the function do_it() if the value at port #2 was zero volts (indicating a depressed switch).
The standard plug configuration used to connect sensors to the RoboBoard is shown in Figure 9.1. Notice that the plug is asymmetric (made by removing one pin from a four-pin section of male header), and is therefore polarized. The plug can only be inserted in the RoboBoard port in one orientation, so once the plug is wired correctly, it cannot be inserted into a sensor port backwards. This makes the plug much easier to use correctly, but, of course, if you wire it incorrectly, you must re-wire it since you cannot turn the plug around.
Generally the sensor is connected to the plug with three wires. Two of the wires supply 5 Volt power from the RoboBoard, labeled "+5v" and "Gnd." The third wire, labeled "Signal" is the voltage output of the sensor. It is the job of the sensor to use the power and ground connections (if necessary) and return its "answer", as a voltage, on the Signal wire.
Figure 9.2 shows a diagram of circuitry associated with each sensor. This circuitry, residing on the RoboBoard, is replicated for each sensor input channel. The key thing to notice is the pull-up resistor wired from the sensor input signal lead to the 5 Volt power supply.
There are two reasons why this resistor is used. First, it provides a default value for the sensor input -- a value when no sensor is plugged in. Many ICs, such as those on the board that read and interpret the sensor voltage, do not perform well when their inputs are left unconnected. With this circuit, when nothing is plugged into the sensor port the pull-up resistor provides a 5 Volt bias voltage on the sensor input line. Thus, the default output value of an analog port is 255, while the default output value of a digital port is 0 or logic False. (Remember that the 5 Volt default input value would lead to a digital value of 1 except that this value is inverted by the digital() library function, as explained earlier.)
Second, the pull-up resistor is also used as part of the voltage divider circuit required for some of the analog sensors, as explained in Section 9.2.4. The resistors on the RoboBoard eliminate the need for an additional resistor on each of the sensors.
Most of the sensors used in the RoboBoard kit make use of the voltage divider circuit shown in Figure 9.3. In the voltage divider, the voltage measured at the common point of the two resistors,
In ELEC 201 applications, has a fixed or constant value (as shown in Figure 9.2), while is the variable resistance produced by the sensor. is the positive voltage supply, fixed at 5 volts. Thus the signal can be directly computed from, the resistive sensor. From looking at the equation, it is easy to see that if is large with respect to, the output voltage will be large, and if is small with respect to, the output voltage will be small. The minimum and maximum possible voltage values are 0 and 5 Volts, matching the RoboBoard input circuitry range.
The primary sensors in the ELEC 201 kit used to detect tactile contact are simple push-button or lever-actuated switches. Microswitch is the brand name of a variety of switch that is so widely used that the brand name has become the generic term for this type of switch, which now manufactured by many companies. A microswitch is housed in a rectangular body and has a very small button (the "switch nub") which is the external switching point. A lever arm on the switch reduces the force needed to actuate the switch (see Figure 9.4). Microswitches are an especially good type of switch to use for making touch sensors.
Often, the switch is simply mounted on a robot so that when the robot runs into something, the switch is depressed, and the microprocessor can detect that the robot has made contact with some object and take appropriate action. However, creative mechanical design of the bumper-switch mechanism is required so that contact with various objects (a wall, a robot, etc.) over a range of angles will be consistently detected. A very sensitive touch bumper can be made by connecting a mechanism as an extension of the microswitch's lever arm, as illustrated in Figure 9.5.
Touch sensors can also serve as limit switches to determine when some movable part of the robot has reached the desired position. For example, if a robot arm is driven by a motor, perhaps using a gear rack, touch switches could detect when the arm reached the limit of travel on the rack in each direction.
Figure 9.6 shows how a switch is wired to a sensor input port. When the switch is open (as it is shown in the diagram), the sensor input is connected to the 5 Volt supply by the pull-up resistor. When the switch is closed, the input is connected directly to ground, generating a 0 Volt signal (and causing current to flow through the resistor and switch).
Most push-button-style switches are "normally open," meaning that the switch contacts are in the open-circuit position when the switch has not been pressed. Microswitches often


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How-to: Add a DAC (digital to analog convertor) to your Pi
MCP4725 12-Bit DAC with Raspberry Pi
Add a DAC (digital to analog convertor) to your Raspberry Pi
We have a new tutorial - Already mastered Analog Inputs with the Pi, and looking for a new challenge? How about: How can I generate an analog output on the Pi?!
There are several ways you can accomplish this, but one of the easiest and most flexible is to use a dedicated IC called a Digital to Analog Convertor (or DAC). A DAC allows you to specify a numeric value (0..255 for an 8-bit DAC, 0..4095 for a 12-bit DAC, etc.), and the IC will output a voltage based on the supply voltage, and relative to that numeric value. For example, using a 12-bit DAC like the MCP4725 we'll be using here, setting the value to 2048 on a 3.3V system will results in ~1.65V output on the DAC.
This guide will show you everything you need to know to be able to generate precise analog outputs using your Pi and the MCP4725 12-Bit I2C DAC, from connecting everything up, to how to use our easy Python library.
_URL_ spberry-pi


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