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When you're orbiting several hundred kilometers above Earth, having access to clean water is pretty crucial. So it was probably some cause for concern earlier this week when Russia's water on the International Space Station (ISS) started turning yellow.
The ISS is split into two segments, the US and Russian side, with both having different water supplies. The Americans have water with few minerals that are treated with iodine salts, while the Russians have heavier water with more minerals and silver salts.
But earlier this week it was reported that some problems had occurred with Russia's hot water supply. They found it was turning yellow, with an unknown chemical substance (admixture) causing the change in coloration. So they had to use water from the US segment while the problem was investigated.
According to the Russian news website TASS, the cause was actually a delightful limescale crust inside a "samovar", a container that's used to heat and boil water.
"A household cause is behind the emergence of the yellow admixtures in the water," Vladimir Soloyov from the Energia Rocket and Space Corporation told the website.
"Routine limescale crust had formed in the water-heating unit, which had reached the end of its service life. There is nothing terrible in that as we are regularly confronted with such things on Earth. The problem is solved quite easily, we will just promptly replace this unit, which cosmonauts normally call 'samovar' with a reserve one."
The replacement of such a system was described as being "absolutely normal", with water from the US side being used in instances like this. The samovar was reportedly replaced yesterday, April 25, so presumably, the Russians will go back to drinking their own water.
They might not have enjoyed the switch too much though, as there's one other key difference between the water supplies on the ISS. Namely, the Americans recycle their urine, whereas the Russians don't. They actually also use the Russian's urine, although don't worry, it's not that gross.
"Before you cringe at the thought of drinking your leftover wash water and your leftover urine, keep in mind that the water that we end up with is purer than most of the water that you drink at home," former Canadian astronaut Chris Hadfield noted in 2013.
"That makes the International Space Station its own self-contained environment. That's a critical step towards living for long periods off of planet Earth."
So yes, Russia's water did turn yellow. But don't worry, it had nothing to do with urine – although ironically, they probably did end up drinking some as a result.


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New National Library of Medicine Enviro-Health Links Page: Developing and Using Medicines for Children
The National Library of Medicine (NLM) Division of Specialized Information Services (SIS) has released an Enviro-Health Links page on Developing and Using Medicines for Children. In regards to medications, it is important to remember that children are not small adults. Developing and Using Medicines for Children provides links to resources that can help researchers, medical professionals and parents provide effective medicines and administer them safely. The links include information about pediatric drug development, clinical trials, and existing laws and regulations.
NLM also offers other Enviro-Health Links on topics, including:

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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New Student-Poverty Measures Proposed for National Tests
Proposed indicators go broader, deeper
Aiming to get a clearer picture of how students' home and community resources affect their academic achievement, America's best-known K-12 education barometer, the National Assessment of Educational Progress, is building a comprehensive new way to gauge socioeconomic status.
The new measure, being developed by the National Assessment Governing Board and the National Center for Education Statistics, is intended to look beyond a traditional measure of family income to a child's family, community, and school supports for learning.
"This issue has just been on the burner for so, so long," said Maria V. Ferguson, the executive director of the Washington-based Center on Education Policy. "When NAGB starts talking about it, that does elevate it to a place where it could be part of a bigger policy debate," she said. "I wonder if the folks at NAGB are hoping this could be an opening salvo into a bigger conversation about how [different SES measures] might affect other programs."
The governing board commissioned eight researchers in education, economics, statistics, human development, and sociology that have been working on the new indicators since 2010. The panel released its initial proposal at a NAGB meeting here Nov. 29.
"We rapidly learned that socioeconomic status contains multiple dimensions and categories that don't neatly collapse back to 'low' versus 'high,' " said Charles D. Cowan, the chief executive officer of the San Antonio-based research group Analytic Focus and a member of the governing board's expert panel. "Over the last 10 to 15 years, there's been an explosion in the data available" on student characteristics, Mr. Cowan said. "Perhaps now is the time to think about alternative measures of SES simply because now we are able to think about it."
Beyond Free Lunch
The National Assessment Governing Board is considering a new method of identifying a student's socioeconomic status when disaggregating the results of the National Assessment of Educational Progress. NAEP researchers now rely primarily on a student's eligibility for the National School Lunch Program—which as of 2011 provided free or low-cost meals to more than 31 million students in poverty each day—as a proxy for socioeconomic status. This traditional indicator is bolstered by background questions on home possessions, such as washing machines, encyclopedias, and mobile phones.
Proposed New "Core" SES Indicators
- Family income and indicators of home possessions and that have been shown to be linked to educational access, such as Internet availability and number of books in the home
- Parents' educational attainment
- Parents' occupational status
Potential "Expanded" SES Indicators
- Family: For example, family structure, stability, and the presence
of extended family and other supportive adults
- Neighborhood: Including the concentration of poverty or linguistic isolation, the percentage of unemployed adults, and the availability of museums, parks, or safe walking routes
- School: The aggregate SES composition of students at the school the child attends, as distinct from the neighborhood SES level
Potential Additional Context Indicators
- Physical stressors: Local rates of illness or environmental problems
- Psychological stressors: Levels of crime in the school and community
- Psychological protectors: Student perception of parent involvement and expectations
SOURCE: National Assessment Governing Board
For decades, the universal proxy for students' socioeconomic status—for NAEP and nearly every federal education and child-health program—has been just such a high-low indicator: eligibility for subsidized meals under the National School Lunch Program.
Federal food aid does capture a huge swath of students in poverty: The school lunch program alone provides meals for more than 31 million children, at reduced cost to those living at or below 185 percent of the federal poverty line, and free to those who are at or below 130 percent of the poverty line or who are homeless, in foster care, or in certain other programs. In 2012 in the lower 48 states and the District of Columbia, children living in a family of four on $40,000 or less a year would be eligible for reduced price meals; the free-lunch cut-off for the same family would be $30,000.
From a research and policy perspective, however, experts say food-aid eligibility gives an incomplete picture of the resources of students in poverty, and no information about students who don't qualify. Moreover, those poverty counts notoriously underrepresent students as they get older and more self-conscious about applying for free or reduced-price lunch.
"There are many problems regarding the use of free and reduced-cost lunch," said Henry M. Levin, a research panelist and an economics and education professor at Teachers College, Columbia University, who is now on sabbatical at Peking University in Beijing.
"It does not distinguish in a sensitive way differences along the entire spectrum of SES," he noted in an email to Education Week. "Even for the poor or relatively poor, there are large differences" within the range of free-lunch eligibility.
The governing board has tried in the past to fill in the gaps using the background questionnaire students complete along with NAEP, according to William Ward, a senior research scientist for assessment at NCES, which administers NAEP. But some of those questions have become outdated or have not been found to be relevant to a child's real socioeconomic status.
"We used to ask, 'Do you have a washer-dryer?' but now everyone has a washer-dryer," Mr. Cowan said. "We used to ask, 'Do you have a cellphone?' Now, do any of your students not have a cellphone?"
More Than Income
The updated measure of socioeconomic status will look at broader resources and learning supports, Mr. Cowan said.
It will start with the "big three": the family's income, parents' level of educational attainment, and whether and where they are employed. This year's administration of NAEP has also tried out new background questions, including how long the child has lived in the United States, how many family members live with the child, and how many adults in the home have a job.
Because elementary students in particular may have difficulty identifying these, the governing board is considering supplementing the data with information from the U.S. Census Bureau's American Community Survey, an annual study of a representative sample of 3.5 million households nationwide that asks about family structure, employment and income, transportation, and other details.
The NAEP student survey would still include questions about home possessions that research has shown to be related to student achievement, such as access to the Internet and the number of books in the home, Mr. Ward said. But the board is considering supplementing the "core" SES measures with other indicators of resources in the child's neighborhood and school that could highlight differences between students living at the same income level in different areas.
For example, an 8th grader in New York's Spanish Harlem neighborhood could still have access to libraries and museums, while a peer in rural southern Utah may have no local library but live a bike ride away from national parks.
Indicators of school and neighborhood supports also may be pulled from administrative data and from the Census Bureau, such as the degree of concentration of poverty or linguistic isolation, the average educational degree earned, and the employment levels in the neighborhood.
The governing board panel plans to present its proposed socioeconomic indicators at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association in April before piloting their use in 2014 and reporting the results in 2015.
Vol. 32, Issue 14, Pages 6-7
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- The Berkeley Institute, HAMILTON, Bermuda
- Christ the King Preparatory School, NJ
- Assistant Superintendent for Teaching and Learning
- Roanoke City Public Schools, Roanoke, VA
- Chief Executive Officer
- Prince George's County Public Schools, Prince George's County, MD
- Regional Area Partner
- Focus EduVation, US


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set of permissions. Access to operations is controlled by granting access to a role. An organizational role can also represent a group of principals based on business job title or other business-related attributes. See also role.
- In identity management, a list of account owners that is used to determine which entitlements are provisioned to them.
- A body whose data is to be kept separate from that of other, similar bodies. WebSphere BI for FN uses OUs to control access to resources, and to ensure data segregation. Typically, OUs are used to represent different financial institutions, or different departments within a financial institution.
- An Active Directory container object used within domains. An organizational unit is a logical container into which users, groups, computers, and other organizational units are placed. It can contain objects only from its parent domain. An organizational unit is the smallest scope to which a Group Policy object can be linked, or over which administrative authority can be delegated.
- A unit within an organization, such as a company, that identifies a particular set of users. See also organization.
The highest level certifier in Domino, which certifies users and servers at the Organization (O) level, for example, CN=Samantha Daryn, O=Renovations. Entities certified below the organization level are trusted.
A non-personal name that refers to a structured body of one or more persons that exists to perform some common function. Organization names typically include some type of indicator or pattern or words that identify them as non-personal names.
- The position of a device relative to the user. Most mobile devices support two different orientations, landscape or portrait. See also accelerometer.
- The orientation of a stream refers to the type of data which may pass through the stream. A stream without orientation is one on which no stream I/O has been performed.
- In printing, the number of degrees an object is rotated relative to a reference; for example, the orientation of an overlay relative to the logical page origin, or the orientation of printing on a page relative to the page coordinates. Orientation usually applies to blocks of information, whereas character rotation applies to individual characters. See also character rotation.
- The point in a coordinate system where the axes intersect. Examples of origins are the addressable position in an Xm, Ym coordinate system where both coordinate values are zero and the character reference point in a character coordinate system.
- A position from which the placement and orientation of an element is specified.
- The starting point of a shipment route or contract lane.
- The location where a message was initially produced.
- The point at which circles, rectangles, and text can be placed when they are entered on a drawing. The number of the origin corresponds to its relative numeric location on the numeric keypad.
- The absolute storage address of the beginning of a program or block.
- An external logical unit (LU) or application program from which a message or other data originates. See also destination.
- The creator of a DR Trow. The origin can take one of three forms: ARSRSCHD (the DRT row is created by an ODF program), a string that is prefixed by UR (the DRT row is created by an ODF CICS transaction), or any other string (the DRT is created by a source that is external to the ODF system).
origin address field (OAF)
In SNA, a field in a format identification 0 (or format identification 1) transmission header that contains the network address of the originating location. In a format identification 2 heading, the field is called origin address field prime (OAF'). See also destination address field, format identification field, local session identification.
Original Equipment Manufacturer's Information (OEMI)
A reference to an older IBM standard for a computer peripheral interface, which defines the IBM S/360 and S/370 Channel to Control Unit interface. This interface uses ESA/390 logical protocols over a common bus that configures attached units in a multi-drop bus topology.
origin application schedule number (OASN)
An IMS recovery element in an external subsystem (for example, DB2). The OASN is equivalent to the unit-of-recovery ID in the CICS recovery token. It is coupled with the IMS ID to become the recovery token for LUWs in external subsystems.
The primary agent in a parallel group that receives data from other execution units (referred to as parallel tasks) that are executing portions of the query in parallel. See also parallel task.
A string of data representing the address of the originator of the message. The contents and format of the string are not defined by the mail server framework. The address type associated with the originator address is assumed to define the contents of the originator address field.
origin-destination assignor indicator (ODAI)
A bit in a FID2 transmission header that is used to divide the address space so that an address space manager (ASM) in one node may use all possible combinations of OAF', DAF' with the ODAI having one setting and the ASM in the adjacent node may use all possible combinations of OAF', DAF' with the ODAI having the complementary setting.
origin subarea field (OSAF)
In SNA, a field in a FID4 transmission header that contains a subarea address which, combined with the element address in the origin element field (OEF), gives the complete network address of the originating network addressable unit (NAU).
See originator/recipient name.
- A heading or the first line of a paragraph or column of text that stands alone at the bottom of a page. See also widow.
- A member of a hierarchy or auto-level hierarchy for which no explicit parent exists. Foster parents can be automatically provided for such orphans.
Data that is recorded between the last safe backup for a recovery system and the time when the application system experiences a disaster. This data is lost either when the application system becomes available for use or when the recovery system is used in place of the application system.
A contact that exists in the health notification contact list but is not defined in the contact list that is stored on the system that is specified by the CONTACT_HOST configuration parameter of the DB2 administration server. See also contact.
orphaned stub file
A file for which no migrated file can be found on the server that the client node is contacting for space management services. For example, a stub file can be orphaned when the client system-options file is modified to contact a server that is different than the one to which the file was migrated.
An orphan lock is an RLS lock that is held by VSAM RLS but unknown to any CICS region. An RLS lock becomes an orphan lock if it is acquired from VSAM by a CICS region that fails before it can log it. A VSAM interface enables CICS, during an emergency restart, to detect the existence of these locks and release them.
See object registration service.
A representation in which the lines of a projection are parallel. Orthographic projections lack perspective foreshortening and its accompanying sense of depth realism. Because they are simple to draw, orthographic projections are often used by draftsmen. See also perspective projection.
See operating system.
The IBM operating system that includes and integrates functions previously provided by many IBM software products (including the MVS operating system) for the IBM S/390 family of enterprise servers.
See Operating System/400.
See Open Systems Adapter.
See origin subarea field.
See overflow sequential access method.
See order-ship-bill system.
See operating system commanding.
See Open Software Foundation.
OSGi Service Platform
A specification that delivers an open, common architecture for service providers, developers, software vendors, gateway operators, and equipment vendors to develop, deploy, and manage services in a coordinated way.
See open systems interconnection.
See open systems interconnection architecture.
OSI directory standard
The standard, known as X.500, that defines a comprehensive directory service, including an information model, a namespace, a functional model, and an authentication framework. X.500 also defines the Directory Access Protocol (DAP) used by clients to access the directory. The Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) removes some of the burden of X.500 access from directory clients, making the directory available to a wider variety of machines and applications.
- The facility to control, coordinate, and monitor the resources that allow communications to take place in the OSI environment.
- The set of standards that are produced by ISO/IEC/CCITT for managing OSI.
See open systems interconnection network.
See open systems interconnection reference model.
See OAM Storage Management Component.
See output sequence number.
See Open Shortest Path First.
See Object Storage and Retrieval.
See operator station task.
See Open Source Vulnerability Database.
See Operating System/Virtual Storage.
See OSA-Express for zBX.
See overtime tier.
See one-time charge.
See cross-domain resource.
See Open Transaction Manager Access.
OTMA super member
A function of IMS Open Transaction Manager Access (OTMA) that manages asynchronous IMS output for a group of clients that support the OTMA hold queue, such as IMS Connect. The OTMA super member function allows any client that is a member of the group to retrieve the asynchronous output of the other client members of the group.
See one-time password.
See organizational unit.
- A failure of a system, or planned down time for maintenance or upgrade.
- A service condition that is below a defined threshold of acceptable performance.
A technique for reducing the amount of line traffic between a host processor and an attached subsystem. The reduction is achieved by sending only variable data across the network. This data is combined with constant data by a program within the subsystem. The formatted data can then be displayed.
- Pertaining to a shipment where the shipper manages

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Apple Snow. Light yet rich, this dessert was popular during Elizabethan times. Apple Snow is a mouthwatering concoction of apples, sugar, egg whites and cream.
Bread and Butter Pudding. A useful winter standby, using everyday ingredients – a great way of using up bread which is a few days old. Slices of buttered bread are layered in a dish, each layer sprinkled with currents or sultanas. The bread is covered with an egg, milk and sugar mix and baked in the oven.
Bread Pudding. A recipe meant for stale bread. The first stage of making is to soak the bread in water – this can be done overnight. Equal quantities of dried fruit, suet and sugar are added to the soaked bread, together with spices such as cloves and cinnamon. Milk and eggs are added and the mixture is baked. Bread pudding is cut into square portions when out of the oven. It can be eaten hot or cold, with cream, custard or ice cream.
Crumble. Fruit crumbles – seasonal fruits mixed with sugar and topped with a crumbly topping – send an inviting smell through a house whilst they are cooking. English classics include apple crumble, apple and blackberry crumble and rhubarb crumble. The crumble topping is made from flour, sugar and butter – part of the fun of making a crumble is rubbing in the butter by hand. Variations on the topping include mixing oats with the flour and adding cinnamon to the topping for apple crumble.
Eton Mess. A dessert traditionally offered to Etonians (those attending the exclusive Eton College) on 4 June. Mashed strawberries, crushed meringues and cream are mixed together to create Eton Mess; try serving this pudding in glasses, decorated with whole or halved strawberries.
Queen of Puddings. A pudding fit for a queen – Queen of Puddings is said to have been created in Buckingham Palace for Queen Victoria. The pudding's foundation is custard and breadcrumbs which are spread with a layer of jam and topped with meringue.
Rice Pudding. You may have come across A A Milne's poem Rice Pudding. What is the matter with Mary Jane? She's perfectly well, and she hasn't a pain, And it's lovely rice pudding for dinner again. Many connoisseurs of rice pudding (key ingredients milk, rice and sugar) particularly enjoy the skin that forms on top during baking. A variation on this dish is Macaroni Pudding – cooked macaroni is used in place of rice.
Summer Pudding. A light, refreshing pudding requiring minimal cooking which makes best use of whatever summer fruits are available. A pudding basin is lined with bread slices, which overlap and are trimmed as necessary to create even cover. Fruits for the pudding – these can be any combination of soft fruits such as blackcurrants, blackberries, gooseberries (in moderation), raspberries or redcurrants – are briefly cooked with sugar. Cooked fruit is placed in the bread casing, and the mixture is then topped with more bread. A saucer or weight is placed on top of the pudding whilst it is left for several hours or overnight in the fridge. The resulting pudding will have infused the fruit juices, changing the colour of the bread.


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Subject: Our report concerns a large inter-mammary cutaneous Abrikossoff tumor on a 41-year-old female patient, which has prompted us to review the literature.
Case: It was a low pre-sternal skin tumor; CT-Scanning showed a homogeneous mass 5 cm high, 4 cm wide and 4 cm deep. Total tumoral included the right pectoralis major muscle aponeurosis. The skin defect was closed using a V-Y local plasty. Histologic examination revealed no sign of malignity.
Discussion: Abrikossoff tumors (or granular cell tumors) are rare ubiquity tumors locating preferably in ENT and oral cavity mucosa. They develop between 20 and 60 and more often concern women. They are overwhelmingly single and benign but on occasion multifocal or malignant. Immunohistochemistry points to a schwannian origin. Treatment is exclusively surgical. Skin closure is by direct suture, skin grafting or local plasty. The use of flaps is not advised as it may delay local recidivation diagnosis. The literature reports one single other case of chest wall location.
Conclusion: Abrikossoff tumors require complete exeresis and mandatory histological examination into possible signs of malignity. The risk of recidivation warrants long-term surveillance.


Stockmar and Filana Wax Crayons
Sorry to send the wrong link the first time around.
6 Responses to Stockmar and Filana Crayon Comparison Video Link
 1. Sarah says:
 2. Amanda says:
 3. Prairie says:
 It seems this conversation has come and gone. A fresh insight into the Filana crayons comes from a Waldorf School in Utah who ordered these crayons for grades 1 – 4. Each grade has two or three classes. This is a LOT of crayons. Before the year was out they had cracked, broken, and lost corners. They were quite useless for the beautiful drawing we do using the sides of the crayons. I sent a message regarding this issue but never heard back.
 4. Prairie says:
 Sorry, I should add that has content details of their crayons posted on their sight. Not only do they tell you what is in the crayon but they explain why they have chosen to use each ingredient. It's extremely helpful considering that the quality of Stockmar crayons is peerless in terms of the rugged use and artistic expression needed in a Waldorf Classroom.
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Global In-Memory Computing Market Size and Growth Forecast 2026
Global In-Memory Computing Market
Mar 2019| VMF144A| Verified Market Research
Report Highlights
Global In-Memory Computing Market By Component, By Organization Size, By Vertical, By Geography And Forecast
According to Verified Market Research, the market for In-Memory Computing Market was valued at USD 8.99 Billion in 2018 and is projected to reach USD 31.06 Billion by 2026 over the forecast period at a CAGR of 16.68%.
In-Memory Computing (IMC) can be defined as the storage of data in the main RAM (Random Access Memory) of the server, in contrast to complicated relational databases that are operating on slow disk drives. In-Memory Computing facilitates users to analyze massive data volumes at quicker and overall reduce the latency of storage. In-Memory Computing affects several processes such as integration, enabling faster decision making, and cost reduction. Thereby allowing for leveraging big data possible. In-Memory Computing essentially refers to moving data which has traditionally been stored on hard discs into main memory. By storing the data in the main memory, the latency of processing is reduced dramatically.
It can be seen that the market for In-Memory Computing is growing with various verticals adopting its use. Specifically, verticals such as BFSI, retail, and healthcare contribute a large percentage of the overall In-Memory Computing market. The incorporation of in-memory computing in these verticals allows for the overall decrease in the dormancy of the individual sectors. In-memory computing helps business customers, including retailers, banks and utilities, to quickly detect patterns, analyze massive data volumes on the fly, and perform their operations quickly. The "In-Memory Computing Market" study report will provide a valuable insight with an emphasis on global market including some of the major players such as Altibase, SAP SE, IBM, Microsoft, Oracle, etc.
There are various factors that are benefitting the growth of the In-Memory Computing Market. These factors include the exponential growth of big data and the improved performance of the analysis. Another factor that is positively affecting the In-Memory Computing market is the reduction in the cost of RAM in the market. Restraining factors to the growth of the overall In-Memory Computing Market is the volatility of data and the concerns regarding the security of the data.
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Origin of the Name Hannegan
The ancient history of the name Hannegan
was found in the allfamilycrests.com archives.
Over the centuries Surnames developed a wide number of variants. Different spellings of the same name can be traced back to an original root. Additionally when a bearer of a name emigrated it was not uncommon that their original name would be incorrectly transcribed in the record books at their new location. Surnames were also often altered over the years based on how they sounded phonetically and depending on the prevailing political conditions it may have been advantageous to change a name from one language to another.
Variants of the name Hannegan
include O'Hannigan, Hanegan, Haneghan and Hanagan. This name in Irish is O'hAnnagain and the latter variants are the anglicized forms of this. This sept came from Counties Waterford and Tyrone.
A sept or clan is a collective term describing a group of persons whose immediate ancestors bore a common surname and inhabited the same territory. Irish septs and clans that are related often belong to even larger groups, sometimes called tribes.
An early recorded reference of the name occurred in 1556 when a John Hannigane, County Waterford, obtained his liberty. A generation later the name is recorded among Jurymen and Trade Guild officials in Dublin and Inishowen. The name is later recorded as a principal Irish name in the Barony of Decies, County Waterford in the Census of 1659. In modern times this name and its variants are chiefly found in Counties Dublin, Waterford and Tyrone.
The Hannegan coat of arms came into existence centuries ago. The process of creating coats of arms (also often called family crests) began in the eleventh century although a form of Proto-Heraldry may have existed in some countries prior to this. The new art of Heraldry made it possible for families and even individual family members to have their very own coat of arms, including all Hannegan descendants.


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Resolution Adopting Positions on Hateand Bias-Motivated Acts, LGBTQ Equality, and Commonsense Immigration Reform
Endorsed December 15, 2017
WHEREAS the National Filipino American Lawyers Association (NFALA) is a national association of Filipino‐American attorneys, judges, law professors, and law students dedicated to promoting the professional development, interests, and success of Filipino‐American legal professionals nationwide; and NFALA is the voice for the national Filipino‐American legal community and strives to fight for equal opportunity and the rights of underserved minority groups;
WHEREAS the National Asian Pacific American Bar Association (NAPABA) is the national association of Asian Pacific American attorneys, judges, law professors, and law students, representing the interests of over 50,000 attorneys and approximately 75 national, state and local Asian Pacific American bar associations; NAPABA members include solo practitioners, large firm lawyers, corporate counsel, legal service and non-profit attorneys, and lawyers serving at all levels of government; and NAPABA is committed to addressing civil rights issues confronting Asian Pacific American communities and people of color;
WHEREAS NAPABA has issued policy statements that also concern the Filipino American community;
THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED, THAT NFALA:
1. Adopts the policy statements described below and attached to this resolution, and that those statements constitute part of this resolution:
2. Authorizes its president, board, and staff to communicate the content of this resolution to its members, affiliate and associate organizations, other bar associations, members of Congress, the Administration, the press, and others.
3. Authorizes its president and president-elect to take steps to implement this resolution, as they deem necessary, in consultation with the advocacy committee.
3. Supports this resolution as a policy priority until it is withdrawn or modified by subsequent resolution.


Geo Technical Engineering and Foundation Engineering
Foundation Engineering
Aims of Foundation Engineering study
To be able to calculate the bearing capacity of shallow and deep foundations.
Super Structure:
Part of the structure which is above ground level
It is the lowest part of the structure which supports the structure by distributing its load on the soil and keeping it less than the bearing capacity of soil. Usually factor of safety in foundation is 2.5 – 3.0. Foundation can also be said to as the interface between the super structure and the soil.
Why do we use foundation?
If foundation is not provided the stress on the soil due to the building may exceed the bearing capacity of the soil and will fail. Thus, the foundation keeps the load on the soil in allowable range by distributing it on a vast calculated area.
Who is a foundation Engineer?
The one who has enough knowledge and experience to design the foundation. A foundation engineer must have:
 1. Enough knowledge of scientific principles2. It comes by taking specialized courses e.g. Geology, Soil Mechanics, Foundation Engineering, Structural Engineering etc.3. Experience and courage to take engineering judgments
Requirements of a foundation
The foundation must be stable and safe in the first place. Safety of a foundation is ensured:
 1. By keeping a factor of safety.
 2. By avoiding structural failure of foundation itself.
 3. By avoiding the excessive settlements (Total settlement + Differential settlement)
Depth requirement:
 - Depth should be such that foundation is below seasonal volumetric changes caused by freezing and thawing.
 - Depth of foundation should be up to a point where changes of moisture do not occur frequently and abundantly. Erosion should also be prevented and any loose soil should not be underneath foundation e.g. Peat
Spacing requirement:
When laying a foundation the surrounding (already existing foundations of adjacent buildings) should also be considered and the new foundation should be built at a distance from it so that the previous one is not affected by digging or excavation.
Economy and functionality:
The project of foundation designing must be economical and should fulfill all the requirements, necessities and standards.
Design Soil Parameters
 - Soil Tests
 - Scientific Procedures
 - Engineering Judgment
Steps in designing foundation
The type, quantity and amount of loads that the structure is subjected to. These loads are sorted out to the foundation engineer by a structural engineer working on the same project, by the client or he may have to estimate them himself.
Site visit and Soil Report:
The foundation engineer must visit the site and should observe the topographical and geological features of the area where foundation is to be built. Drainage system of the area and water table information should also be studied. By observing the buildings previously built in the area, the engineer can come to know about the log term effects of soil on the buildings.
Sampling and Testing:
Samples of soil should be collected from the area and should be tested for all the required properties and parameters that are required.
Design of foundation:
At the end, now, foundation is designed with consultance with the client, structural engineer of the same project, contractor and architect.
Types of foundations
 1. Shallow Foundations
 1. Spread footing foundation
 2. Strip foundation
 1. Combined footing
 1. Rectangular footing
 2. Trapezoidal footing
 3. Strap footing
 3. Matt footing
 2. Deep Foundations
Bearing capacity of shallow foundations
Ultimate bearing capacity:
It is the least pressure that would cause shear failure of soil underneath the footing. Denoted by qult
Allowable Bearing capcity:
It is the maximum pressure that would ensure factor of safety i.e 2.5 – 3 of soil and limiting settlement to tolerable amount Bearing capacity of shallow foundation can be found by
 1. Analytical method
 2. In correlation with field test
 3. In situ determination
 4. Presumptive value
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The Advanced tab grants you swift access to an array of advanced tools, among them the Memcached distributed memory caching system and the Varnish Cache web application accelerator, which will help you optimize your sites and apps without the need to log out of the web hosting Control Panel. Depending on the hosting package, these features are either added by default or are available in the form of easily gettable upgrades. InnoDB and NodeJS support is offered too.
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Memcached is a general-purpose distributed memory object caching system for boosting the loading speed of dynamic database-driven web sites. It is used to reduce the number of times an external data source (such as a database or API) is read by caching data and objects in RAM. The Memcached distributed memory caching system uses a client/server architecture. The Memcached memory caching system is employed by some of the most frequently visited websites on the Internet and is supported by famous CMSs like Joomla and WordPress.
Node.js is a platform for building highly scalable Internet applications. Written in JavaScript, Node.js uses an event-based, asynchronous I/O model that makes it lightweight and effective, great for high-performance content-rich applications. Node.js uses Google's V8 JavaScript engine, libUV, and several built-in libraries.
InnoDB is the default database engine for the MySQL open-source relational database management system. A storage engine is the principal software component that a DBMS uses to create, retrieve, update and delete data from a database. The latest version of InnoDB features significant improvements in efficacy, security and usability. InnoDB provides the standard ACID-compliant transaction attributes, along with referential integrity support. InnoDB is included as standard in most binary distributions from MySQL AB.
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text:
On this page: publication, publish, share, transfer, open science, open data,
FAIR data, reuse, reproducibility
Date of last review: 2023-03-09
In the context of Open Science, it is becoming more important to share data with other researchers, so that they can reproduce results and reuse the data to answer new research questions. This can be challenging when you work with personal data. Here, we list a few options for sharing personal data for reuse responsibly, and making datasets that contain personal data Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable (FAIR).
How you can make your dataset FAIR, from a privacy perspective, depends on which scenario applies to you:
- Your data are fully anonymised: you can publish them in a data repository.
- Your data cannot be fully anonymised, but you have a legal basis to share them for reuse: you can share them, but possibly with some restrictions.
- Your data cannot be fully anonymised, and you do not have a legal basis to share them: you cannot share them, but we discuss some alternatives.
If you are in doubt whether you can share personal data for reuse, please ask your privacy officer for help.


text:
Japanese beetle problem grows for Mo., Ill. farms
ST. LOUIS — The Japanese beetle has been striking Missouri and Illinois with full force, eating its way through rose bushes and tomato plants and now threatening major crops like corn and soybeans.
The St. Louis Post-Dispatch reports that the beetle has been an urban problem for years.
"There's quite a concern about the number and just how prevalent they've been," said Julia Pryor, a program coordinator with the University of Illinois Extension. "I'm seeing a lot of people coming into our offices with jars, literally full of these little critters."
Farmers in Missouri and Illinois say the bugs are now attacking corn and soybean fields — crops vital to both states.
The bugs eat the corn silks, preventing pollination and development of the corn kernel. To stop it, farmers in some areas are spending $20 per acre to have their fields sprayed with chemicals from airplanes.
The beetle arrived in the U.S. around 1916, plant scientists believe, probably in a shipment of ornamental irises to New Jersey. It made its way to Missouri and Illinois gardens over the past several years, mostly attacking ornamental plants.
But as it now gets into commodity crops, the risk of economic damage is much greater.
"They're moving in fast," said Braden Thomas, who farms in Tazewell County in central Illinois. "This is the first time they've really been a problem to have to actually worry about."
Wayne Bailey, a professor of plant sciences at the University of Missouri, said he has been getting calls from around the state about the beetles in corn and soybeans.
The St. Louis area has suffered the beetle for at least 10 years. Nursery owners are cautiously optimistic the worst is over.
For farmers, the worst is yet to come, Bailey said. He expects Japanese beetle numbers in rural Missouri to build for 5-7 years until predators and pathogens bring their population into balance.
The beetles eat anything, including some 400 crop species. However, they are especially drawn to plants that are sweet or fragrant. They have become a persistent problem for grape growers in Missouri.
"Their populations have really built up, and in the last couple years they've been worse," said Katie Kammler, of the University of Missouri Extension. "But people are just spraying now. They've gotten used to them."
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The value null represents the intentional absence of any object value. It is one of JavaScript's primitive values and is treated as falsy for boolean operations.
The value null is written with a literal: null. null is not an identifier for a property of the global object, like undefined can be. Instead, null expresses a lack of identification, indicating that a variable points to no object. In APIs, null is often retrieved in a place where an object can be expected but no object is relevant.
// foo does not exist. It is not defined and has never been initialized:
foo; //ReferenceError: foo is not defined
// foo is known to exist now but it has no type or value:
var foo = null;
foo; //null
Difference between null and undefined
When checking for null or undefined, beware of the differences between equality (==) and identity (===) operators, as the former performs type-conversion.
typeof null // "object" (not "null" for legacy reasons)
typeof undefined // "undefined"
null === undefined // false
null == undefined // true
null === null // true
null == null // true
!null // true
isNaN(1 + null) // false
isNaN(1 + undefined) // true
ECMAScript Language Specification (ECMAScript)
# sec-null-value
Browser compatibility
BCD tables only load in the browser
See also


text:
Objective: To determine the prevalence of infant exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) among infants attending child health clinics in regional NSW; the association between such exposure and household smoking behaviours; and the factors associated with smoking restrictions in households with infants. Methods: Parents completed a computer-based questionnaire and infant urine samples were collected. Information was obtained regarding the smoking behaviours of household members and samples were analysed for cotinine. Results: Twenty seven per cent of infants had detectable levels of cotinine. Infant ETS exposure was significantly associated with the smoking status of household members, absence of complete smoking bans in smoking households and having more than one smoker in the home. Smoking households were significantly less likely to have a complete smoking ban in place. Conclusions: This study suggests that a significant proportion of the population group most vulnerable to ETS were exposed. Implications: Future efforts to reduce children's exposure to ETS need to target cessation by smoking parents, and smoking bans in households of infants where parents are smokers if desired reductions in childhood ETS-related illness are to be realised.
Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health Vol. 34, Issue 3, p. 269-273


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Periodization is a big word. However it's a simple concept. When an athlete uses a periodized schedule, he/she simply breaks up the training cycle into "blocks" of training which focus on different intensities and durations. The last week of each of these blocks is usually a recovery week, where overall duration of training is cut to 50% to 75% of the prior week's usual volume. These blocks of training may be three or four weeks long depending on the athlete's age, experience, and ability to recover.
A great way to create such a periodized schedule is to count the weeks backwards from a key event an athlete is training for. For instance, an individual's most important race of the season may be 16 weeks in the future. So an ideal schedule would contain 5 x 3 week blocks of training, with 1 week of a taper (depending on your race distance) before the race. This would cover all 16 weeks. These blocks should first focus on base / aerobic training, then shift to greater intensity / race pace training closer to the event.
For the example above, the first three blocks (or 9 weeks) would be dedicated to aerobic training, focusing on getting muscles used to training and gaining cardiovascular fitness. This would then leave two blocks (6 weeks) to train at a faster-paced level which is close to a level the athlete is capable of racing at. Ideally, during the faster paced training, two to three of the weekly training bouts should be close to race pace, which will get the body used to dealing with faster paces as well and mentally acknowledging what it feels like at race pace. It is imperative to remember the 3rd week of each training block is a recovery week. This is necessary to allow for repair of the body as well as taking a mental break from vigorous training.
This season, don't slog through miles of training with no set plan and no goals for each workout. Create a periodized schedule by breaking the pre-race weeks into blocks of training. This way, each workout will have a specific purpose and the guesswork will be taken out of training. Complete the early blocks of training focused on developing the aerobic engine and the final blocks of training developing speed / intensity.


(A page from the Loglan web site.)
(From Lognet 94/3. Used with the permission of The Loglan Institute, Inc..)
Logic and Economy
by James Jennings
For some months now, I've been kicking around some ideas on the relationship between logical and economical language. Recently, something that Randall Holmes wrote in private correspondence brought it together for me.
Randall wrote:
Loglan is intended to be a logical language: this means that the ostensible argument of a predicate really is the argument of that predicate..... Unfortunately, the picture is confused because Loglan actually has some pseudo-arguments in it already: a sentence A, e B, e C preda actually has no argument A, e B, e C (there is no such object!), except grammatically, but is a logically opaque transform of A preda, ice B preda, ice C preda.
(One moment while I put on my heretic costume.) I have been thinking that logic is not fundamental to human thought (and that maybe Loglan has started off on the wrong foot) but is merely a not-always-consistent side effect of the two driving forces behind language evolution (or, in our case, language design).
 1. Content. (You want to impart information.)
 2. Compression. (You want to do it quickly.)
Note that these forces are opposed: more content means more words, more compression means fewer words.
One reason I find this compelling is because I have found that many of the standard data compression techniques have linguistic analogs. For example
In this view, logical operators are just a grammar-based pattern-matching compression scheme. As Randall put it, a logically opaque transform. Instead of
we have The thing that makes this logic rather than just a neat trick is the fact that the information content is the same. If you had several different patterns (logical operators) to use in your compression, you'd want to make sure that the meaning of all possible compressions remained the same. It's that consistency of meaning under transformation that makes logic interesting.
And yet natural language is not logical. I maintain that the reason it isn't logical is because pure logic doesn't give the highest compression ratios. The English word and is really a compression marker, and only sometimes can it be expanded in the logical way. Other times you need to take context into account, like in
where you know that the color-words red and blue are mutually exclusive; so you conclude that some areas of the ball's surface are red and others are blue.
When the mathematicians invented formal logic as a reasoning tool, they greatly restricted the ways one can use and and therefore the ways logical statements could be compressed. When Loglan adopted a version of the logical and, it gave up many options for compression. English sentences like:
are very compressed and very difficult to render into Loglan.
As I see it, there are three possible responses to the problem of highly-compressed English sentences.
 1. Fatalistic: Ambiguity is just lossy compression after all. ('Lossy' is computer jargon meaning 'loses information'.) So of course Loglan is more verbose than English.
 2. Practical: We should handle the special cases as they come up, tweaking the language and inventing new constructs (compression schemes) as necessary.
 3. Ambitious: We should embark on the Grand Compression Revision (GCR), cataloging all of the useful constructions and designing a comprehensive pattern-matching compression scheme that leaves the logic perfectly invariant.
Currently, (2) is the path we are taking and are likely to take in the future. I suspect that (3) is too ambitious, that we don't know enough about what makes a useful construction to pull it off. On the other hand, (3) raises some interesting possiblities.
Loglan anaphora started out as just the words da de di do and du. The fact that these were not marked by gender, number, or anything else made them very hard to use. We're pretty good at figuring out that he refers to the masculine noun because they share a masculine quality, but not so good at counting back the number of terms we've used. Nowadays, we can use letterals as free variables (pronouns) that share a quality (starting letter) with the terms (noun phrases) they refer to.
It seems likely that the GCR would, if we embarked on it, identify a large number of types of structures or patterns that can be compressed. If we had a set of free variables/anaphora that referred to those structures, then pronouns would be driven by content rather than by coincidental word-spelling.
--Hue Djeimz Djeninz
Copyright 1994 by The Loglan Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Send comments and corrections to:
djeimz AT megaseattle DOT com


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The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of adherence to antipsychotic prescription medication in a well-defined homeless cohort over a 15-year period. We hypothesized that adherence would be well below the recommended threshold for clinical effectiveness (80 %), and that it would be strongly associated with modifiable risk factors in the social environment in which homeless people live.Linked baseline data (including comprehensive population-level administrative prescription records) were examined in a subpopulation of participants from two pragmatic-randomized trials that investigated Housing First for homeless and mentally ill adults. Adherence to antipsychotic medication was operationalized using the medication possession ratio. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate effect sizes between socio-demographic, homelessness-related and illness factors, and medication possession ratio.Among the 290 participants who met inclusion criteria for the current analysis, adherence to antipsychotic prescription was significantly associated with: history of psychiatric hospitalization; receipt of primary medical services; long-acting injectable antipsychotic formulations; and duration of homelessness. Mean medication possession ratio in the pre-randomization period was 0.41. Socio-demographic characteristics previously correlated with antipsychotic non-adherence were not significantly related to medication possession ratio.This is the first study to quantify the very low level of adherence to antipsychotic medication among homeless people over an extended observation period of 15 years. Each of the four factors found to be significantly associated with adherence presents opportunities for intervention. Strategies to end homelessness for this population may represent the greatest opportunity to improve adherence to antipsychotic medication.
Original publication
Journal article
Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology
Publication Date
1623 - 1632
Humans, Antipsychotic Agents, Retrospective Studies, Mental Disorders, Adult, Middle Aged, Mentally Ill Persons, Homeless Persons, British Columbia, Female, Male, Medication Adherence


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Republic Act 10354 The Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012
Reproductive Health Bill 4244 The Responsible Parenthood, Reproductive Health, and Population and Development
What do you think is the reason why they decided to delete "population and development"?
Substitution House Bills 96, 101, 513, 1160, 1520, 3387 Passed by more than 100 legislators
Section 1. Title The Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012
Section 2. Declaration of Policy Universal basic human right (regardless of A, S, RC, CB) Gender equality, equity, and women's empowerment Universal access
What is Gender Equality? Absence of discrimination on the basis of a person's sex, sexual orientation and gender identity.
What is Gender Equity? Refers to fairness and justice in the distribution of benefits and responsibilities between women and men.
Section 3. Guiding Principles Freedom of choice (right to make free and informed choice---there is responsibility) Promotion of the rights and welfare of couples, adults, women, and adolescents (every person particularly couples, adult individuals, women, and adolescents) Guarantees effective reproductive health care including maternal and child health, safe delivery and birth of healthy children, and sound replacement rate….promote right to health, responsible parenthood, social justice and human development.
Section 3. Guiding Principles Provision of ethical and medically SLAA (non-abortifacient), E, and Quality reproductive health care services and supplies to promote people's right to health especially the poor and the marginalized. Promotion of all effective natural and modern methods of family planning that are medically safe and legal. (Registered and approved by the FDA)
Section 3. Guiding Principles • State shall promote programs that: • Enable couples to meet desired number of children and timing (birth spacing) with consideration to the health and resources of women • Achieve equitable allocation and utilization of resources • Ensure effective partnership various stakeholders
Section 3. Guiding Principles • State shall promote programs that: • Implement studies to analyze demographic trends • Promote scientific studies to determine efficacy and effectiveness of alternative medicines and methods for reproductive health care • Foster join implementation of reproductive health services by both the national and local government units.
Section 3. Guiding Principles • State shall promote programs that: • Promote active participation by non-government, women's, people's, civil society organizations and communities. • Ensures that all women needing care for post abortion complications shall be treated and counseled in a human, non-judgmental and compassionate manner in accordance with law and medical ethics. • Caveat: The state recognizes that abortion is illegal and punishable by law
Section 3. Guiding Principles • State shall promote programs that enhance: • Gender equality and women empowerment are central elements of reproductive health. • Respect individuals' preferences and choice of family planning methods. • Each family shall have the right to determine its ideal family size. However, the state shall provide necessary information related to RH. • There shall be no demographic targets and the mitigation, promotion and/or stabilization of the population growth is incidental to the advancement of RH.
Section 4. Definition of Terms Abortifacient-drug or device that induces abortion. Adolescence (adolescent)- period of physical and physiological changes of an individual (puberty to maturity) from 11 to 18 years old. (young people between the ages of 10 to 19 years old who are in transition from childhood to adulthood)
Section 4. Definition of Terms Family Planning-refers to a program which enables couples and individuals to decide freely and responsibly the number and spacing of their children and to have the information and means to do so, and to have access to a full range of SAEN modern natural and artificial methods of planning pregnancy.
Section 4. Definition of Terms • Reproductive Health • The state of complete physical, social, and mental wellbeing, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, in all matters relating to the reproductive health system, its processes and functions. • Implications: People are able to have a responsible, safe, consensual, and satisfying sex life, capability to reproduce and freedom to decide, if when and how often to so.
Section 4. Definition of Terms Reproductive Health Carerefers to the access to a full range of methods, facilities, services, and supplies that contribute to reproductive health and well-being by preventing and solving reproductive health-related problems.
Section 4. Definition of Terms • Elements of Reproductive Health Care • Family planning (services and information) • Maternal, infant, and child health and nutrition including breastfeeding (including prenatal and post natal care) • Prohibition of abortion and management of abortion complications • Adolescent and youth reproductive health • Prevention and management of RTI, HIV and AIDS, and other sexually transmitted diseases.
Section 4. Definition of Terms • Elements of Reproductive Health Care • Elimination of violence against women • Education and counseling on sexuality and RH • Treatment of breast and reproductive tract cancers • Male responsibility and participation in RH • Prevention and treatment of infertility and sexual dysfunction • Reproductive health education for adolescents • Mental health aspect of reproductive health care (coping)
Section 4. Definition of Terms RH Rights-refer to the rights of couples, individuals, and women to decide freely and responsibly on matters pertaining to their reproductive health (e.g., number of children, spacing, timing) free of discrimination, coercion, violence….
Section 4. Definition of Terms Reproductive health and sexuality education-refers to a lifelong learning process of providing and acquiring complete, accurate, and relevant ageand development-appropriate information and education on RH and sexuality through life skills education and other approaches.
Section 4. Definition of Terms Responsible Parenthoodrefers to the will and ability of a parent to respond to the needs and aspirations of the family and children.
Section 5. Hiring of skilled health professionals for maternal health care and skilled birth attendants. LGU shall hire adequate number of nurses, midwives, and other skilled health professionals for MHC. Midwives and nurses can administer life saving drugs such as oxytocin (quick birth) and magnesium sulfate (to avoid seizure and preeclampsia---high blood during pregnancy).
Sec 7. Access to Family Planning • All accredited facilities shall provide a full range of modern family planning methods. • Private health facilities may provide services for a pay but will also likewise provide free services to indigents. (except for those non-maternity specialty hospitals and those owned by religious group) • Minors will not be allowed to access modern methods of family planning without parental consent (except if the minor is a parent or has had a miscarriage)
Warning!!!! Be sure to consult your doctor when you use injectables, pills, patch, spermicidal, and other modern contraceptions. Not all can be effective and they can be harmful.
Sec 9 • Products and supplies for modern family planning methods shall be part of the National Drug Formulary. • Included in the purchase of essential medicines and supplies (FDA).
Sec 10. Procurement and Distribution of FP Supplies • DOH shall procure, distribute to LGUs and monitor the usage. • Distribution shall be based on: • Number of women in their reproductive age and couples who want to space or limited their children. • Contraceptive prevalence • Cost of family planning supplies
Sec 12. PhilHealth Benefits for Serious and Life-Threatening RH Conditions. All health conditions (STI, AIDS, HIV, RH related cancer) related to RH System shall be given the maximum benefits provided by PhilHealth programs including the provision of ARV (anti-retroviral medicines).
Sec. 14 Age and Development-Appropriate Reproductive Health Education Sex and RH education shall start from grade five to fourth year high school. Ageand developmentappropriate RH education to adolescents….
Contents Values formation Knowledge and skills in self protection against discrimination, sexual violence and abuse, and teen pregnancy. Physical, social and emotional changes in adolescents Children's and women's rights Fertility Awareness
Sec. 20 Ideal Family Size The State shall assist couples, parents and individuals to achieve their desired family size within the context of responsible parenthood for sustainable development and encourage them to have two children as ideal family size. Attaining the ideal family size is not mandatory or compulsory. No punitive action shall be imposed on parents having more than two children.
Summary • Positive Side • Promote sound reproductive health • Fight against HIV, STI, and AIDS • Empower women and children • Promote scientific studies to determine efficacy of alternative medicine.
NOTE • The instrument does not in anyway promote abortion. • The bill is not in anyway geared towards population control (but is something to ponder). • It does not promote sexual promiscuity among adolescents (due to existing mechanism which requires minor to present parental consent).
Intended or not? The country needs to Low infant mortality Low fertility Decrease maternal death -------------------Demographic Bonus/Dividend
When to end? The government must be cautious about the negative impacts of population control.
Video • Reporter's Notebook


Who Needs An LEI Number?
Question mark
Who needs an LEI number? LEI is needed by legal entities who take part in financial transactions and who wish to trade in financial markets, such as buying stocks, bonds or other securities. There are also many regulations (dependant on jurisdictions) that require to obtain an LEI.
Since the LEI scheme was created, many new regulations across the globe have been introduced. A situation that means many entities in a range of industries now need to apply for an LEI. The details of which you can find below
What is an LEI number?
An LEI or Legal Entity Identifier is a unique 20 digit alphanumeric code. Its purpose is to provide regulated identification for legal entities such as businesses and organisations, especially those in the financial industry.
The aim of this is to make holdings more transparent, and the data on them more connected and easy to access. Thereby minimising any financial risk involved in dealing with such entities across the globe. Read more about what is an LEI.
Financial institutions that always require an LEI number
Currently, legal entities that always require an LEI include financial institutions such as brokerages, banks, investment & insurance companies, and credit unions. LEI Register is dedicated to helping you through the LEI registration process.
However, individuals are not required to have an LEI to trade on the financial market. Therefore if you are not a company or corporation you will not, at this time, need an LEI.
Investment firms and their clients (EU)
Another type of organisation that requires an LEI specifically within the EU are investment firms and their clients. This is because of the MiFID II/MiFiR regulations that became a law in January 2018.
What this means is that EU authorities are required to refuse trades between investment firms and their clients, unless both sides have an LEI number. In fact, this situation is primarily know as – 'no LEI, no trade.' If your organisation falls under these MiFID II/MiFiR requirements, you can apply for an LEI through LEI Register.
Government agencies (USA)
There are other types of legal entities that will need an LEI too, including many US government financial agencies. This is primarily because the Office of Financial Research has made the LEI mandatory.
Such agencies include the Federal Reserve System (FED), the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC ), and the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC).
RTOs and ISOs
Additionally, since 2015 there are US government entities that exist outside of the finance sector that will require LEIs as well. In fact, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) mandates that all RTOs (Regional Transmission Organizations) and ISOs (Independent System Operators) have an LEI.
Those affected by the Financial Transparency Act
Finally, it is also prudent to mention that, while not currently the case, there will be additional entities that may be required to use LEIs in the near future.
The reason for this is the U.S. Regtech Law, the Financial Transparency Act. Something that, if passed, will require all the data gained by such agencies to be unrestricted. The idea being to make transactions between such entities, and the ability to regulate them, much more reliable.
LEIs are the perfect method of identification for such data. Therefore, any entity that is dealing with the regulatory agencies listed here, is likely to require an LEI soon.
LEI Register's goal is to help legal entities register their LEIs simply, securely and cost effectively. It is a simple 2 minute process made convenient by us.


Tree (descriptive set theory)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article is about mathematical trees described by prefixes of finite sequences. For trees described by partially ordered sets, see Tree (set theory).
In descriptive set theory, a tree on a set X is a collection of finite sequences of elements of X such that every prefix of a sequence in the collection also belongs to the collection.
The collection of all finite sequences of elements of a set X is denoted X^{<\omega}. With this notation, a tree is a nonempty subset T of X^{<\omega}, such that if \langle x_0,x_1,\ldots,x_{n-1}\rangle is a sequence of length n in T, and if 0\le m


text:
For Immediate Release
November 30, 2012
For More Information Contact:
Mayor's Press Office
Mayor Thomas M. Menino today announced that Partners HealthCare, and its founding hospitals Brigham and Women's and Massachusetts General Hospital, is committing $1 million to the Boston Public Health Commission for a collaborative effort among the two organizations and the Boston Public Schools to implement a social and emotional learning curriculum for 7,000 students in 23 Boston public elementary and K-8 schools.
"This program will give Boston's students another tool in their tool kits to help them to make good choices," Mayor Menino said. "This is a great example of how we can all come together and find ways to support our kids."
Coordinated by the Boston Public Health Commission's Division of Violence Prevention, the collaborative will strengthen students' skills so that they are empowered to promote positive behaviors and healthy relationships at school and in their community. By focusing on social and emotional learning, the organizations hope that educators can proactively address conflicts before they come to a head, instead of addressing the negative outcomes after the fact.
"Our goal is to help young people better understand their emotions and be able to talk about them and learn to manage them. This project will help young people develop skills for healthy, positive relationships," said Gary Gottlieb, MD, President and CEO of Partners HealthCare. "By working with the Mayor and Boston Public Schools on this initiative, we want to support our young people in the classroom and in the community."
The two-year grant will provide training and professional development for 750 teachers, teaching assistants and principals to implement the evidence-based Open Circle Curriculum. At the heart of the curriculum are 15 to 20 minute classroom meetings led by homeroom teachers twice per week. These interactive meetings include group discussions, role-playing, children's literature, and activities to teach important skills such as listening, sharing, cooperating, speaking up, calming down, expressing anger appropriately, recognizing dangerous and destructive behavior, and problem solving. These lessons are further reinforced throughout the school day as all staff members integrate the promotion, modeling, and labeling of positive social and emotional skills into their teaching practice, their relationships with students and their relationships with colleagues and parents.
"Every day we look for innovative ideas and strategies that we can use to support our students," said Boston Public Schools Superintendent Dr. Carol R. Johnson. "Social and emotional learning is critically important to our students so they can learn strategies that will help them manage their feelings and cultivate healthy relationships. We want each student to be their very best, and we look forward to working with our partners on this initiative to ensure that our students achieve all of their goals."
Recent research has shown that social and emotional learning does more than improve behavior. It can also help students make significant gains in academic achievement — on average, a gain of 11 percentile points in reading and math, according to a 2011 review of more than 200 studies published in the journal Child Development. Social and emotional learning also equips students with the skills that today's employers consider important for the workforce of the future – communication, collaboration, cooperation, goal setting, problem solving, and persistence in the face of challenges.
Open Circle, a program of the Wellesley Centers for Women at Wellesley College, is a comprehensive, whole-school approach to developing safe, caring and highly engaging classroom and school communities. Open Circle improves school climate and helps address a broad range of challenging behaviors in school, from disruption of classroom instruction to teasing, bullying, and fighting.
The extensive program training for teachers and administrators will ensure a consistent approach, vocabulary and expectations for student behavior school-wide. Parents and caregivers will also learn Open Circle approaches to use at home through workshops at the schools and at Boston Public Schools' Parent University. Additionally, schools will build capacity for sustained, continuous improvement in social and emotional learning through Open Circle peer coaches, parent group facilitators, and multi-departmental social and emotional learning leadership teams.
The NoVo Foundation has committed to fund through a $220,000 grant a broad research study examining process outcomes and program impact for this initiative.


Interacting with Emotional Clients: The Importance of Empathy in Private Investigation
By PInow Staff
PInow Facebook
Sometimes, the cases you take on as a private investigator are emotionally intense for those involved. It is likely that private investigators will often interact with distraught clients. While it is not one of the most glamorous parts of the job, how you interact with these distressed clients is an important part of your role as a private investigator. Below are a couple of reasons why treating your emotional clients with empathy is important and some tips to help you maintain compassion as you interact with your clients.
Why it's Important
The dictionary definition of empathy is "the ability to understand and share the feelings of another." While you may not have experienced what your client is going through, taking the time to understand their perspective is not only respectful as a human being but also an important part of running your business effectively. Clients are more likely to return in the future when they feel the investigator handled their case with the utmost care and integrity. They are also more likely to divulge sensitive information that helps the case if they feel you are trustworthy. Handling cases with empathy can also be good for you, as an investigator. You will be …read more
Source:: Private Invest


text:
By Andrea Mouw
February 02, 2017
Section 199 of the Internal Revenue Code was enacted in 2004 to provide a tax benefit to businesses engaged in domestic production activities. Section 199 provides qualifying taxpayers with a tax deduction equal to a specified percentage (generally 9 percent) of their income from domestic production activities. The definition of qualifying production activities for purposes of Section 199 is fairly wide, and the types of taxpayers taking advantage of the Section 199 deduction is much broader than traditional manufacturers. Taxpayers engaged in agriculture, software development, utilities, film production, construction and engineering businesses have all realized significant tax benefits from this provision.
Even though the Section 199 deduction has been in existence for more than a decade, several recent developments have caused taxpayers to reassess their Section 199 calculations. Taxpayers have prevailed in two recent court decisions that could expand the scope of activities qualifying as production activities for purposes of Section 199. Additionally, the IRS issued both proposed and temporary regulations in August 2015 that addressed a wide range of issues under Section 199. Some of the new provisions in the regulations will impact all taxpayers claiming the Section 199 deduction, while other provisions are focused on specific industries and activities. The industry-specific provisions in these regulations are most likely to impact taxpayers in the construction, oil and gas, and film industries.
Most Significant Change
The most significant change in the regulations impacts taxpayers engaged in "contract manufacturing arrangements." Contract manufacturing arrangements are quite common in some industries and arise where one party hires another party to produce something on their behalf. For example, Retailer A pays Manufacturer B to produce private label clothing that will be sold exclusively in Retailer A's stores. The issue in these situations is determining whether Retailer A or Manufacturer B is entitled to the Section 199 deduction for the produced clothing. The regulations propose to simplify the existing facts and circumstances analysis for identifying the taxpayer eligible for the deduction by always awarding the Section 199 deduction to the party physically performing the manufacturing activities. While this new standard would make the analysis much more straightforward and reduce controversy between taxpayers and the IRS, some taxpayers' Section 199 benefit may be significantly reduced or eliminated under the proposed rule.
Defining Non-Qualifying Production
The regulations also attempt to provide guidance in defining activities that are not qualifying production activities. While the definition of production activities is broad, certain activities are specifically excluded as non-production activities. Non-production activities include packaging, re-packaging, labelling and minor assembly. However, in recent court decisions, taxpayers have successfully argued that their activities constituted production rather than non-qualifying packaging or re-packaging activities. As a result of these taxpayer victories, other taxpayers whose activities are similar to packaging, repackaging and assembly may benefit by reviewing their activities to determine if any additional activities could be treated as production activities.
The IRS responded to the beneficial court decisions in the regulations. The IRS included an example mirroring the facts in one of the court decisions, but stating that the activities constituted non-qualifying packaging and re-packaging. The IRS also requested comments from taxpayers on quantitative and qualitative standards that could be used to define non-qualifying minor assembly activities. The regulations covering these provisions are still in proposed form and will not be effective until finalized. As a result, taxpayers still have an opportunity to provide comments and feedback to the IRS on these issues.
What Should You Do?
Many taxpayers set up their Section 199 calculation procedures when Section 199 was first enacted and may not have revisited those procedures for several years. The newly issued guidance provides an excellent opportunity for taxpayers to re-assess their Section 199 calculations to determine if any adjustments can be made to maximize their benefit. Additionally, taxpayers with activities potentially affected by the regulations should consider the possible impact of these provisions on their future Section 199 deductions.


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Narrow Results Clear All
Search results for "Students"
Journal Article > Review
Stroud L, Wong BM, Hollenberg E, Levinson W. Acad Med. 2013;88:884-892.
When an error has occurred, many physicians choose their words carefully—failing to explicitly describe the error, acknowledge responsibility, or express sympathy to patients. This in part occurs because training in error disclosure is not a standard component of medical school or residency curricula. This review found that when implemented, error disclosure training generally resulted in improved knowledge and self-reported comfort with the disclosure process. However, few studies assessed whether training led to real-world behavior change. A difficult case of error disclosure is discussed in an AHRQ WebM&M commentary.


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Write Score has developed reliable formative reading assessments that provide districts and schools with the necessary data to make instructional decisions to increase student reading performance.
- Assessments are fully aligned to the NGSSS grade level benchmarks and FCAT 2.0.
- Grades 3-12 assessments consist of a Fiction and Non-fiction testing format with 20 multiple-choice questions; 1st & 2nd grade assessments consist of a two selection format and 10 multiple-choice questions.
- Assessments measure the student's skill of benchmarks that are assessed under the four reporting categories of the FCAT 2.0.
- Reading Application
- Literary Analysis
- Informational Text/Research
- Detailed teacher's edition includes correct answers, explanations, and identification of benchmarks for each question.
- Unique, comprehensive data reports analyze student's reading skills at the student, teacher and administration levels.
- Paper/pencil reading assessments are administered in one class period.
- Data results complete within 5 days
- Our reports are designed to fulfill your state and district reporting requirements; data can be easily uploaded into your own school's database.
Comprehensive data that is aligned to the NGSSS and FCAT 2.0 is provided at the student, teacher, and administrator levels to assist in instructional decisions to increase reading performance.
Sample of data reports:
- Class Averages
- Principal Summary
- Teacher Data
- Targeted Action List
- Individual student
- Grade Demo
- Bottom 25%


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Nano-sized titania (anatase) and sodium and potassium titanate nanotubes were studied via in situ Raman spectroscopy at hydrostatic pressures up to 6 GPa. Analysis by scanning electron microscopy shows a uniform dispersion of sodium and potassium cations in the nanotubes. The effect of the pressure was observed by significant shifts in the Raman band structure of nano-sized anatase crystals and nanotube titanate. In nano-particulate anatase, the phonon frequencies (143, 395, 517, and 639 cm−1) increase linearly with pressure. In contrast, the upward frequency shifts in the sodium titanate nanotubes (NaTNT) and potassium-modified nanotubes (NaTNT+K) occur in a stepwise fashion. These stepwise changes occur in the nanotube samples between 2 and 4 GPa (ambient pressure phonon bands in NaTNT at 274, 444, 650, and 906 cm−1) and between 4.5 and 5.5 GPa, (phonons 273 cm−1 and 436 cm−1 in NaTNT+K at an ambient pressure). Post-pressure high-resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis shows evidence of nanotube distortions and a 5% contraction in the interlaminar spacing of both NaTNT and NaTNT+K.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Physics and Astronomy(all)


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Priority: - Eradicate
Identification and Reproduction
- Baby's breath is a common flower used in floral arrangements.
- It is a flowering plant that grows to a mound of braching stems.
- Stems are slightly swollen at nodes where leaves attach. Leaves are opposite and lance-shaped.
- Its name is derived from its cloud-like appearance when it is flowering. Flowers are white and sometimes light pink. They are made up of five petals and sit on short stalks.
- Reproduces by seed only.
- Single plants can produce more than 10,000 seeds per year.
- Stalks can break and roll like tumbleweed in the wind, further spreading infestations.
Habitat & Ecology
- Common on dry, sandy grasslands.
- They thrive in well-draining sandy or gravelly soils.
- Grows a deep tap root that can extend to depths of 4 m.
- It is drought tolerant.
- Often used in floral arrangements or as an ornamental plant. Seeds often continue to develop in arrangement and this often facilitates spread.
- Seed spreads allows it to disperse quickly across pastures, roadsides and grasslands.
- Reduces forage opportunities for livestock.
- Remove infestations before they set their seeds.
- Cut at the root crown, below the ground to prevent resprout.
- Hand-pulling is difficult as tap roots are deep.
- Ensure plant parts including plants received from floral arrangements are bagged and disposed of properly.
Do not plant this species, considering planting alternative non-invasive plants: download the ISCBC's Grow Me Instead brochure (pg. 7 and 8).
For more details check out the Invasive Species Compendium datasheet on Gypsophila paniculata (baby's breath).
Download the Alberta Invasive Species Council's factsheet on Baby's Breath here.
Header photo (Matt Lavin).


Four Scenarios to Guide Pathways to a Prosperous Future for the News Industry
The higher the degree of uncertainty, the greater the value of using scenarios.
One of the deepest uncertainties today is the future shape of the news industry, which certainly faces deep challenges from both producer and consumer perspectives.
However it is feasible that the news industry can find its way to both strength both financially and in terms of social contribution.
This publication is framed around how we can create a positive future for news. Generating some simple scenarios on different possible high-level outcomes for the industry can help industry participants to consider both what they believe is most likely, and what they believe is possible.
Two of the key uncertainties in the future of news are:
 - The quality of news; and
 - The prosperity of the news industry.
Mapping these two variables gives us four quadrants as shown below.
Exploring these high-level scenarios allows us to examine our beliefs on what is likely or possible in the future of news. I will lay out what I see as possible across these quadrants.
You may have different opinions; in fact the true value of these scenarios is in helping to consider what you see is likely or possible in the future of news.
Distributed news
High news quality | Low industry prosperity
It is certainly plausible that we move to a world in which individuals have access to high-quality news but news organizations do not prosper. This would almost certainly be significantly based on crowdsourcing and the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI).
Crowdsourcing is not just user-generated content. In a workshop on Crowdsourcing for Media I ran in New York I identified 12 applications of crowdsourcing to news, including investigation, data gathering, fact checking, copyediting, and metadata tagging. It is also important to note that crowdsourcing is not always unpaid, as many in the media seem to think. It is participation by many people, sometimes experts, to achieve superior or more efficient results.
Blockchain could prove to be an excellent platform for getting and rewarding participation. The startup Civil provides an intriguing example of how this may work, particularly in supporting talented individual journalists.
AI is of course already being used to support journalists in structured reporting such as on financial reports and sports results. While there is significant uncertainty how fast this will progress, it is highly feasible that experienced journalists supported by AI will be able to focus their capabilities on the domains where deep investigation and insights are needed.
There are a variety of other ways this scenario could come to pass, including technological and structural mechanisms that could see efficient news delivery.
Agenda-driven news
Low news quality | High industry prosperity
On the face of it this scenario is highly unlikely, potentially implausible. Surely if the news industry is prosperous it will have sufficient resources to generate high-quality news?
This is certainly likely. However, there is the possibility that news organizations become primarily driven by specific political or social agendas, thus leading to an impoverished news landscape. It appears this trend is already developing. This could be accentuated if audiences continue to be polarized by political stance, requiring news organizations to make choices on their coverage.
Another situation that could lead to this scenario is that the companies that are reaping the most rewards from the news landscape are failing to invest in quality news, even though that could support their profitability.
News implosion
Low quality news | Low industry prosperity
This is the great fear of the last decade and more, that the rapid erosion of financial resources at news organizations leads to decreasing news quality and in turn to reducing audiences and revenue in a particularly vicious cycle. It is easy to point to the demise of many news organizations and deteriorating quality at many others as headcounts and budgets have been sliced.
This is indeed a plausible scenario, which many people seem to be taking almost as a given. However, any solid futures methodology examines the responses to trends. Responses to this scenario developing include the concerted efforts by many to drive higher quality news through technological solutions, philanthropy, crowdfunding, and other approaches.
Increasing industry prosperity could come on the other side of a dark valley in which many existing structures for news creation are lost, allowing a fresh start for new and more contemporary business models unencumbered by legacy cost structures and audience positioning.
News-powered progress
High quality news | High industry prosperity
In this world a virtuous cycle of high-quality news feeds industry prosperity and the ability to improve the news landscape to one that is substantially better than we have ever had before. Hopefully, but not necessarily, this would help create a better-informed, more proactive society that shapes a more positive future for humanity in fraught times.
This would likely to be supported by new technologies, broader distribution, high audience engagement, and broad participation in news creation to support the work of news professionals.
However there are potentially many paths and scenarios, all quite different in their detail, that could lead to this quadrant being realized.
Starting with the belief that a positive future of news is possible
The intent of my work on creating the future of news is to explore the potential paths to a world of higher quality news and higher industry prosperity. This will undoubtedly be better than one in which the industry doesn't prosper, not least in supporting the highest possible quality of news.
The first step to creating a positive future of news is to believe it is possible. It cannot be done without that belief. That doesn't mean that it will be inevitable or even that it will be easy, simply that it is conceivable.
From that belief we can explore how we might get there, and as an industry and society take the actions most likely to create it.


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- Physical Activity Kit (PAK): Staying on the Active Path in Native Communities … a Lifespan Approach!
- The goal of the PAK is to promote ageand culture-appropriate physical activities across the lifespan in Native American communities to increase each person's time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. The kit has been successfully received in field testing in Tribal communities.
- Healthy Beverages Community Action Kit, 2006.
- This community action kit [Word – 4.5 MB] is designed to help take action to increase access to healthy beverages in Tribal communities. It includes assessment forms, fact sheets, sample letters to Tribal officials, Tribal resolutions, a presentation, and over 25 web resources.
- Recommended Community Strategies and Measurements to Prevent Obesity in the United States.
- The 24 recommended community strategies
[PDF – 375 KB] represent a first step that communities can use to assess local policies and environments that support healthy eating and active living.
- A companion manual, "Implementation and Measurement Guide"
[PDF – 5.6 MB], shows how local governments can use community strategies and measures of environmental and policy change.
- The Tribal School Zone Safety.
- A walkable environment naturally supports children as they play, exercise, and go to school. But, pedestrian death and injury rates on Tribal roads are very high. The Tribal School Zone Safety toolkit
from the Office of Federal Lands Highway (U.S. Department of Transportation) has videos and publications to educate children and adults on safe walking on sidewalks, along roads and streets, at bus stops, and through parking lots. "Safety Doesn't Happen by Accident," an 8-minute video, primarily targets AI/AN children 9 to 12 years old in classroom or community settings. "Pedestrian Safety: A New Tradition," a 9.5-minute video produced by Tribal leaders, is geared to Tribal and community elders, parents and guardians of school-age children, school board members, policy makers, and older teens.


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John L. Bresina, Lina Khatib, Conor McGann
This paper presents an empirical study of some non-exhaustive approaches to optimizing preferences within the context of constraint-based, mixed-initiative planning for mission operations. This work is motivated by the experience of deploying and operating the MAPGEN (Mixed-initiative Activity Plan GENerator) system for the Mars Exploration Rover Mission. Responsiveness to the user is one of the important requirements for MAPGEN; hence, the additional computation time needed to optimize preferences must be kept within reasonable bounds. This was the primary motivation for studying non-exhaustive optimization approaches. The specific goals of the empirical study are to assess the impact on solution quality of two greedy heuristics used in MAPGEN and to assess the improvement gained by applying a linear programming optimization technique to the final solution.
Subjects: 1.12 Scheduling; 1.11 Planning


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All meanings of the name of this post are intentional, as I really don't know the first thing about Chinese etymology. But in my ignorance, I just stumbled over something wonderful in the first line of Hexagram 4, Not Knowing.
Hexagram 4, line 1 speeds the young ignoramus on her way by removing her fetters and manacles. It reads,
'Sending out the ignoramus,
Fruitful to make good use of punishing people,
To make good use of loosening fetters and manacles.
Going on in that way is shameful.'
To 'send out' is fa, which has to do with shooting arrows from a bow. The ignoramus is truly being launched into the world. (It's also the personal name of King Wu, so perhaps his education starts here too.)
The characters for 'fetters' and 'manacles' both begin with 'wood'; presumably that's what they were made of. 'Fetters' are 'wood' and 'arriving', zhi – which shows an arrow that has reached its target. And 'manacles' are 'wood' and 'inform' – the same word as in the Judgement, where only the first consultation informs the young ignoramus.
These characters paint a picture: how the ignoramus flies into the world like an arrow, and how the restrictions that keep her secure also block the arrow from ever reaching its target, and prevent the oracle from speaking to her.


How to know if a file is a text file
Nobody nobody at
Sun Nov 15 19:50:55 CET 2009
On Sun, 15 Nov 2009 04:34:10 -0800, Chris Rebert wrote:
>>> I'm looking for a way to be able to load a generic file from the
>>> system and understand if he is plain text.
>>> The mimetype module has some nice methods, but for example it's not
>>> working for file without extension.
>>> Any suggestion?
>> You could use the "file" command. It's normally installed by default on
>> Unix systems, but you can get a Windows version from:
> FWIW, IIRC the heuristic 'file' uses to check whether a file is text
> or not is whether it contains any null bytes; if it does, it
> classifies it as binary (i.e. not text).
"file" provides more granularity than that, recognising many specific
formats, both text and binary.
First, it uses "magic number" checks, checking for known signature bytes
(e.g. "#!" or "JFIF") at the beginning of the file. If those checks fail
it checks for common text encodings. If those also fail, it reports "data".
Also, UTF-16-encoded text is recognised as text, even though it may
contain a high proportion of NUL bytes.
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Definition of agrochemical in English:
A chemical used in agriculture, such as a pesticide or a fertilizer.
- Even the ground water is unfit for drinking due to large-scale application of fertilizers, pesticides and agrochemicals in the tea gardens.
- These were further developed in the 1960s when agro-industrial complexes were set up to grow crops as well as producing fertilizers, pesticides, and other agrochemicals.
- However, adverse effects of high input agriculture have been recognized, as fertilizers and agrochemicals discharged from agriculture cause surface water pollution.
Definition of agrochemical in:
- British & World English dictionary
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
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