PIM Data Synchronization: Why is it so hard?
This article was originally published by LWN.net. Here is a slightly updated version with information about the sync UI and a longer section on data modeling and handling.
Recently, a SyncEvolution user described SyncML and some of its challenges in a LWN.net article. In this article, the author of that software adds more information for developers who want to synchronize data. Particular attention is given to Personal Information Management (PIM) data (such as contacts, events, tasks, notes) and how SyncEvolution and the underlying Synthesis SyncML Engine deal with the problems inherent in synchronizing that kind of data. It is worth pointing out that SyncML as protocol is data format agnostic and not limited to PIM. PIM is just the most common usage today - and particularly difficult. Synthesis just made their core technology available under the LGPL v2.1 and 3.0. SyncEvolution 0.9 beta 1 is the first open source program using this libsynthesis. Together, these two projects are the core building blocks for data synchronization in the Moblin project.
PIM Synchronization: Challenges
Whenever your author hears the song 1974 song "Rikki don't lose that number", he wonders whether the advice to "send it off in a letter to yourself" is still valid today, or whether we can trust our software to keep important phone numbers safe and sound. Why is synchronization software for PIM data still not 100% reliable?
Database replication is a well understood problem. But PIM data is special in many ways. First, there is no globally unique identifier (GUID) for items. When comparing two databases for the first time, there is often no additional meta information, beyond the data itself. Without a GUID in the item data, it is hard to determine whether two items from different databases refer to the same entity. In particular, because the content and/or representation of the same logical entity is often different in different databases (second problem).
For PIM data, the storage and exchange formats are typically vCard 2.1/3.0, vCalendar 1.0 and iCalendar 2.0. At first glance it seems that items in these formats have a GUID. But the UID property in a vCard is not mandatory, neither in version 2.1 nor 3.0 of the standard. Even if it is used by a particular software, it is not guaranteed to be globally unique and therefore cannot be relied upon when comparing two different databases. Same problem exists with vCalendar 1.0, which is still the most common format used by consumer devices for events and tasks. Only iCalendar 2.0 specifies a mandatory, global UID property because it is required for exchanging meeting invitations.
Without a GUID, one has to compare the content of items to identify matching items. But the PIM data formats allow many different, often more or less complete implementations and representations of the same information. One side of an implementation might support just the bare minimum of information for a contact (for example, name and phone number), while the other side may support everything defined in the standard (photo, arbitrary number of email addresses, and phone numbers), plus non-standard extensions (spouse, instant messaging handles). A simple byte comparison, without any understanding of the semantic of the data, is, therefore, not good enough.
After identifying matching items, there is a third problem: if the items differ in some properties, which item is more up-to-date? There are REV and LAST-MODIFIED properties, but again support for them is not guaranteed. Worse, both items might been created or updated independently, so that each has valid information the other does not have (new phone number added on my cell phone, address changed on my desktop, based on an email with that information).
Fourth, it is necessary to support these data formats to be interoperable with existing devices. One cannot simply choose a custom data format that avoids the previous three issues. Neither is it possible to make assumptions about the implementation of a peer and what it may or may not support.
Fifth, not knowing enough about a peer is particularly problematic when receiving an item back from a peer. If a property is missing, that was sent to the peer earlier, does that mean that the user has removed this piece of information or that the peer was unable to store it? In the former case, the property must also be removed locally. In the latter, it needs to be preserved while updating the other properties. Only allowing one-way synchronization avoids this problem, but is also considerably less useful.
The SyncML protocol (aka Open Mobile Alliance Data Synchronization, OMA-DS) itself is fairly simple, at least up to and including version 1.2.1, the latest version supported by Synthesis and most other implementations. SyncML defines a general message format with encodings, both as XML and as more compact WAP Binary XML (WBXML). Exchanging these messages over HTTP (as POST and reply) and Bluetooth is also standardized. A typical session requires three message exchanges. When sending many small data items (~2KB) with WBXML as encoding, the measured data overhead for the SyncML protocol was 8%, 2.5 times less than XML.
During a sync session, a client talks to a server. The protocol is intentionally not symmetric. A client is fairly simple to implement and usually only talks to one server. The server implements all of the advanced logic, like tracking the state of multiple clients, matching items, and merging data.
A client has to keep track of local changes (added/removed/updated) between sync sessions, using its own locally unique identifier (LUID) to refer to items. It has to be able to export, import, update, and delete items. The server has to maintain a mapping between GUIDs and the corresponding LUIDs that are used by each client.
At the start of a sync session, client and server authenticate each other and negotiate which databases they want to synchronize (identified by a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI)) and which data formats are acceptable (MIME types). In theory, this information could be used to configure clients automatically. In practice, it is often necessary to configure manually because the information is only sent for URIs that are listed explicitly, leading to a chicken-and-egg problem.
The information about supported data types can be detailed enough to describe which properties of the different PIM formats are supported by a client or server. The Synthesis engine generates this information for its peer automatically from the configuration (more on that below) and uses the information received from its peer to merge updates intelligently. Other servers check this information only to determine whether specific properties, like PHOTO, are supported and then they hard-code the rest of the data handling.
As part of getting client and server ready for a synchronization, both agree on the sync modes for active databases. The standard specifies one-way and two-way synchronization, both incrementally (the only changes sent are those made since the last synchronization) and complete (all currently existing items have to be sent). For the initial session or after a failure, this "slow" mode is used to get client and server in sync (again), that is,the client sends all of its items, then the server compares those items against its own data and sends back changes to the client. As explained above, this matching is problematic, therefore the standard also supports complete sync modes, where one side is told to wipe out all data before receiving items ("refresh from client" and "refresh from server").
A session concludes when both sides have sent their changes and some meta information (for example, new LUIDs assigned by the client). The standard defines a mechanism for suspending a session earlier than that and resuming it later. The same resume mechanism can also be used to recover from an unexpected loss of connection. This is an optional feature of the standard, supported by the Synthesis implementation but not all servers. Without this feature, a slow sync is necessary to keep client and server reliably in sync.
Synthesis SyncML Engine + SyncEvolution
Both the Synthesis SyncML Engine and SyncEvolution are implemented in C++. Synthesis paid particular attention to portability of their code to platforms with less capable compilers. Therefore, the choice of C++ features used is intentionally limited (no hard dependency on exception support, moderate use of templates, and the standard template library). SyncEvolution is less restricted and uses both exceptions for error reporting and the "resource acquisition is initialization" (RAII) design pattern to track resources, plus Boost templates (but no Boost libraries at this point).
SyncEvolution and Synthesis Component Overview
The diagram shows how the two projects interact and fit into the Moblin infrastructure. Solid boxes represent executables and dotted boxes represent libraries. The GUI communicates with the core engine via D-Bus. Long term this will allow the engine to run completely independently from a particular front-end. The command line tool currently still calls libsyncevolution directly and thus does not depend on D-Bus. When D-Bus is available, it should instead act like another front-end for the D-Bus server. The engine itself is compiled into a library with two stable, plain C APIs:
 - an API for a SyncML client user interface, like SyncEvolution
 - a database API for plug-ins, which connect the engine with local data
The BSD-licensed SDK provides a glue mechanism that can be linked statically to access these APIs in C++, without tying clients closely to the implementation. Bindings for Java are available from Synthesis under a commercial license. The official documentation for this is the Synthesis "SDK and Plug-in Interface" reference manual, which is included in the


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Cited 15 time in
Cited 15 time in
Preparation and characterization of nickel-cobalt alloy nanostructures array fabricated by electrodeposition
- Preparation and characterization of nickel-cobalt alloy nanostructures array fabricated by electrodeposition
- Wang, N[Wang, Ning]; Hang, T[Hang, Tao]; Shanmugam, S[Shanmugam, Sangaraju]; Li, M[Li, Ming]
- DGIST Authors
- Shanmugam, S[Shanmugam, Sangaraju]
- Issue Date
- CrystEngComm, 16(30), 6937-6943
- Article Type
- A series of Ni-Co alloy nanocones arrays were fabricated by means of electrodeposition method without using any template. The alloy nanocones crystallized in the face-centered cubic lattice structure and grew preferentially along <110> directions. The aspect ratio of the alloy cones was found to increase with increasing cobalt content. The chemical potential difference of the solid-liquid interface and the synergistic effect of twinning were proposed to explain this phenomenon. By adjusting the electrodeposition conditions, the morphology and size of the alloy nanocrystal can be modulated. The crystal modifier plays an important role in controlling the step distance and the morphology of the spiral growth layer. These Ni-Co alloy nanocones arrays are expected to have significant potential applications in the fields of catalysis and magnetic storage. This journal is © the Partner Organisations 2014.
- Royal Society of Chemistry
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- Energy Science and EngineeringAdvanced Energy Materials Laboratory1. Journal Articles
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Groundwater flow in the South Wales coalfield : historical data informing 3D modelling
Robins, Nicholas; Davies, Jeffrey; Dumpleton, Stephen. 2008 Groundwater flow in the South Wales coalfield : historical data informing 3D modelling. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, 41 (4). 477-486. 10.1144/_PHONE_/07-055Full text not available from this repository. (Request a copy)
The South Wales Coalfield is structurally and lithologically complex. Attempts to understand the regional groundwater flow system have been largely piecemeal, focusing on single collieries or groups of collieries. Inspection of both historical data, gathered during the active mine dewatering phase of the coalfield, and of contemporary post-mining groundwater rebound data, allows a picture of the whole groundwater flow system to be derived, along with the regional water balance. The assessment is aided by application of a 3D visualization model of the geological framework, which includes the piezometry during and after the mining phase and pumping and yield data. Other valuable historical information, which can no longer be replicated, are the analyses of samples of groundwater that entered working mines from specified horizons, rather than present-day analyses of acid mine drainage. It is found that there is little deep regional groundwater flow across the basin, for example towards the sea, and most groundwater flow is of river catchment scale draining to the main rivers that traverse the coalfield. This analysis of the coalfield and the 3D model provide a foundation for future investigation into issues such as dewatering of new opencast pits, in situ gasification or anthracite mining.
|Programmes:||BGS Programmes 2008 > Groundwater resources|
|Additional Keywords:||GroundwaterBGS, Groundwater, Hydrogeological data, Groundwater modelling, Groundwater resources, South Wales, Coalfield geology, Groundwater flow|
|NORA Subject Terms:||Earth Sciences
|Date made live:||08 Jan 2009 15:42|
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Dear Mr. Woodford and "The Student Council Members"
In Ho Chi Minh, there has been a food grab problem. Many poor people don't have enough to eat and they might starve to death! There are different ways to solve this and it depends on where it is. Some people are homeless and even penny less, and they are starving.
- Places like Phu My Hung, they should open a "Free-Food Give away daily." Make sure only the people who aren't poor do not get any. The food are only for poor. Someone can hire a cook and give fresh meal everyday and left over recepies and ingredient. If they want a deluxe meal, make sure they just PAY a penny or two is enough.
- For places like down town, they should have a food festival every month and poor people can take whatever they want, and make sure there are meals that can be kept for a few months so they can eat-fresh until the next festival. People like us can donate food to the festival to make a change.
- And we also can make a change in our school! We should have a "Penny-For-Food" foundation. Students can make posters, presentation and much more. Older students can go to the poor (Vietnamese) and interview them about their feelings of hunger. We can donate money to the poor, and maybe this can happen every 2 months.
Every one can help poor get there body strong and healthy, especially YOU!


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According to this article in Discover, less can be more when it comes to road signs. The "risk compensation effect" is a recognition that animals "tend to adjust their behavior to compensate for perceived risk."
A team of urban planners has concluded that traffic signs and signals actually make the roads more dangerous "because they lead us to believe we are safe."
"Conventional highway engineering operates on the dumb molecule theory of human behavior," says John Adams, emeritus professor of geography at University College London and a Shared Space advocate. "And the human molecule is responsive to what it sees about it."
Today five American cities are trying the approach, and seven major pilot projects are in the works across Europe. The town of Drachten in the Netherlands has only 2 of its 18 traffic lights left. Since the program began in 2004, accident rates at the town's main intersection have dropped to only one per year from a previous nine-year average of just over eight, congestion has fallen by 20 percent, and journey times have been reduced by 10 minutes. Stripping London's busy High Street Kensington shopping area of some of its signage, lights, and pedestrian barriers reduced traffic-related casualties by 43 percent. After the English town of Seend went bare, it witnessed a 5 percent fall in average speed, and accidents dropped by a third. Shared Space's success is about more than safety, Adams says. "I think that there is a dawning collective guilt about how we've allowed the car to wreck not just the physical environment but also the social environment.
This article notes that the "risk compensation effect" might explain why bicycle riders with helmets are more likely to get struck by cars.


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As I iterate through the rows of a mysql table, there are 2 values in each table (x,y) that I need to see what interval those two values fall between.
For example if x=-21.1 and y=52.4, x would be in the -30..-20 interval and y would be in the 50..60 interval.
So based on these intervals, I would have a hash or something containing that interval combination (-30..-20 and 50..60) and increment it by one. Then I would go through the rest of the rows in the mysql table and do the same so I have a count of all occurances of the interval combinations.
There will be 36X36 combinations (interval -180..180, divided in 10s). I think this is supposed to be done by using multidimensional hashes, but I'm not sure. Can anyone help me out?
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1 Answer 1
How about doing it in MySQL itself?
SELECT FLOOR(x/10)*10, FLOOR(y/10)*10, COUNT(*)
FROM yourTable
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Thank you so much! This works quite well and easily implementable in my Perl code :) – user1001715 Oct 18 '11 at 18:26
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Admiral William Hall decided to keep the information that the English broke the enciphered Zimmerman telegram a secret because he believed that the knowledge for decrypting the telegram would be an asset to the them in the near future. Those who were thoughtful of the future such as Admiral Hall would believe this choice to be ethical. This choice is very strategic and could be useful if the Germans continued to pass similarity sensitive and important information with the same encryption key. Having the ability to decipher these messages could save the lives of many civilians if the Germans eventually decided to attack. Through this lens it is reasonable to consider the decision as ethical because it is in the interest of the public and benefits their well being.
However, when considering the immediate importance of the content within the Zimmerman telegram, it makes sense that the choice to withhold the information seems unethical. The sensitive information about unrestricted U-boat warfare and threat of Mexican aggression posed immediate harm to many civilians in American and at sea. Hall's choice seems indifferent to the lives current at stake and prioritized the future of a nation more than the nation's current safety. It can be argued that the welfare of the nation's future is dependent on that nation's present welfare and that Admiral Hall should have responded with more urgency to the immediate threat to the people. His choice can be seen as ethical or unethical depending on what one prioritizes more.


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Definition of Fined
1. Verb. (past of fine) ¹
¹ Source: wiktionary.com
Definition of Fined
1. fine [v] - See also: fine
Click the following link to bring up a new window with an automated collection of images related to the term: Fined Images
Lexicographical Neighbors of Fined
Literary usage of Fined
Below you will find example usage of this term as found in modern and/or classical literature:
1. Records of the Court of Assistants of the Colony of the Massachusetts Bay by Massachusetts Court of Assistants, John Noble, John Francis Cronin (1904)
"66 John Sweete fined and imprisoned for shooting a dog.... 66 Robert Anderson fined and... 67 George Munnings fined for selling beer &c. without license...."
2. The Lives of the Chief Justices of England: From the Norman Conquest Till by John Campbell Campbell (1849)
"H^g^*"1 him is not preserved, and there is reason to think that he 7000 r °. ° is fined suffered unjustly from popular prejudice and royal pre-..."
3. The Life of Thomas Jefferson by Henry Stephens Randall (1871)
"... found Guilty of Sedition, fined and imprisoned—Holt, Publisher of New London Bee, Thomas Cooper, and James T. Callendar, fined and imprisoned—Baldwin..."
4. South Eastern Reporter by West Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals, West Publishing Company, South Carolina Supreme Court (1919)
"... under circumstances reasonably calculated to provoke a breach of the peace, he shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction fined in any..."
5. History of the Commonwealth and Protectorate, _PHONE_ by Samuel Rawson Gardiner (1903)
"... finedfined 2000/., and sent to the Tower for a month.2 On the following day Alderman Andrews, who did not share the scruples of Reynoldson,..."
6. The Upper Canada Law Journal and Local Courts Gazette by Canadian Bar Association (1855)
"After being duly summoned, if a Juror does not attend the inquest, he may—after being openly called three times—be fined such a sum, not exceeding 20s.,..."


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Description générale de l'oniyan
Researcher: Fatou Cisse Kane
Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Anne Storch
This language is spoken in the South of Senegal (Kedougou), it belongs to the Tenda group. I will also talk about spirit possession and secret language which is spoken during the initiation. In the period of initiation, the young boys are using this secret language and they are also dressing up as you can see on the following photos.
Photo: Fatou Cisse Kane
Photo: Fatou Cisse Kane


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Photonics Dictionary
Fabry-Perot interferometer
A multiple-beam interferometer, usually consisting of two flat plates, with high reflective ability. The plates are set parallel to one another by spacers so that lightwaves may bounce back and forth between them several times. The requirements for constructive interference of reflected lightwaves of a given wavelength can be fulfilled only at particular angles, relative to the normal to the plates. Therefore, Fabry-Perot interferometers can be used as spectrometers with high resolution. Used as a laser resonator, the Fabry-Perot reinforces only light of specific frequencies traveling perpendicular to the mirror surfaces, and its successive reflections and amplifications form the oscillating mode.
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- High-speed imaging of n-heptane ignition in a high-pressure shock tube PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE 2021; 38 (1): 911-918
- Measurement of time histories of stable intermediates during first stage ignition of n-heptane and its two isomers in a shock tube PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE 2021; 38 (1): 957-965
- Shock-induced ignition and pyrolysis of high-pressure methane and natural gas mixtures COMBUSTION AND FLAME 2020; 221: 364–70
- A physics-based approach to modeling real-fuel combustion chemistry - VI. Predictive kinetic models of gasoline fuels COMBUSTION AND FLAME 2020; 220: 475–87
- The pyrolysis of propane INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS 2020
The Thermal Decomposition of Ethane
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.fuel.2020.117409
Shock Tube Measurement of the CH3 + C2H6 CH4 + C2H5 Rate Constant.
The journal of physical chemistry. A
The rate constant for the CH3 + C2H6 CH4 + C2H5 reaction was studied behind reflected shock waves at temperatures between 1369 and 1626 K and pressures from 8.6 to 47.4 atm in mixtures of methane, ethane, and argon. Ethylene time histories were measured using laser absorption of radiation from a carbon dioxide gas laser near 10.532 mum. The resulting rate constant data can be represented by the Arrhenius equation k (T) = 3.90 * 1013 exp(-16670 cal/mol/RT) cm3 mol-1 s-1. We believe this is the first study to extend experimental data for this rate constant to temperatures above 1400 K. The overall 2sigma uncertainty of the current data is +18%/-21% resulting primarily from uncertainties associated with the influence of secondary reactions and the fitting of rapidly changing species time histories at the higher temperatures.
View details for DOI 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b07691
View details for PubMedID 31557027
- A shock tube study of n-heptane, iso-octane, n-dodecane and iso-octane/n-dodecane blends oxidation at elevated pressures and intermediate temperatures FUEL 2019; 243: 541–53
- Measurement of the reaction rate of H + O-2 + M -> HO2 + M, for M=Ar, N-2, CO2, at high temperature with a sensitive OH absorption diagnostic COMBUSTION AND FLAME 2019; 203: 265–78
Shock Tube Measurement of the C2H4 + H double left right arrow C2H3 + H-2 Rate Constant
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
2019; 123 (1): 15–20
The rate constant for the reaction C2H4+H⇒C2H3+H2 was studied behind reflected shock waves at temperatures between 1619 and 1948 K and pressures near 10 atm in a mixture of C2H4, CH4, H2, and argon. C2H4 time-histories were measured using laser absorption of a CO2 gas laser near 10.53 microns. Experimental mixtures were designed to optimize sensitivity to the title reaction with only weak sensitivity to secondary reactions. Two mechanisms, FFCM1 and ARAMCO v2, are used for data analysis. The well-selected operating conditions and Monte-Carlo Sampling data analysis procedure resulted in mechanism independent reaction rate constant measurements with 2σ uncertainty of +/-35 %. The current data disagree with a broadly used theoretical calculation (Knyazev et al. (1996)), but they are in good consensus with one of the review studies (Baulch et al. (2005)), k=3.9×1022T3.62exp(-5670/T) cm3molecule-1s-1. To the best of our knowledge, this work provides the first high temperature study of C2H4+H⇒C2H3+H2 reaction rate constant with well-defined uncertainty.
View details for PubMedID 30537818
- Shock tube study of the rate constants for H +O-2 + M -> HO2 +M (M = Ar, H2O, CO2, N-2) at elevated pressures PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE 2019; 37 (1): 145–52
- Demonstration of non-absorbing interference rejection using wavelength modulation spectroscopy in high-pressure shock tubes APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS 2019; 125 (1)
- Ignition delay times of methane and hydrogen highly diluted in carbon dioxide at high pressures up to 300 atm PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE 2019; 37 (4): 4555–62


Breaking Down the Double Stroke Roll
(This Article was published in the most recent issue of Percussive Notes (Vol 39 No 4), and is reprinted on the Rudimental Webpage by permission of John Wooton.)
Each year the marching percussion area hosts an individuals competition at the Percussive Arts International Convention. There are several categories in which to compete including snare drum, multi-tenor drums, mallet keyboards, multiple percussion, and timpani. There is high school competition and college competition in each of those categories. In the snare drum category the participants are required to break down a long double stroke roll and one other undisclosed rudiment, which is chosen by the judges at the beginning of the competition. The flam paradiddle is usually chosen in the college competition because it is the most difficult rudiment to control at various tempi. However, the flam paradiddle will not be discussed in this article, but perhaps in a later issue. The only limitation rule for the roll is that it has to be done within a minute.
Drum Corps International used to require that competitors in the snare drum and tenor drum categories play a roll break-down as well as a flam paradiddle break-down. The maximum time for the roll was two minutes and the minimum was one minute. The roll also had to accelerate in the same amount of time it decelerated. Judges would time the roll from the beginning to the peak and then from the end of the peak to when the roll ended. If the two times were not within five seconds of each other, the individual\rquote s score was effected. Three tenths of a point were deducted for every second beyond the allotted five seconds. Penalties were also given for going over two minutes or under one minute.
Although these rules are not used in the PAS competition, the judges are very aware of the differences between the two halves of the roll break-down. Several judges keep track with a stop watch to see who has a balanced roll (acceleration - deceleration) and who does not. PAS does not have a minimum required time on the roll, but I suggest that you use as much of the given minute as possible.
The roll break-down is an advanced technique. Beginners should not attempt or practice this technique until they have mastered the double stroke roll at various tempi. The beginner should practice at steady tempi beginning with a medium to slow double stroke. Once they understand the double stroke roll, they should practice their roll on a soft surface, such as a pillow or their leg. The individual is required to use wrist and fingers because the surfaces do not throw the stick back. This will build strength in the wrist and fingers and will eventually allow the individual to play a more even double stroke roll. Do not allow beginners to play on kevlar heads that are tightened very high. Drummers that practice on hard surfaces do not develop wrist and finger strength. What happens is that the player relies on the bounce from the tension of the head and no longer uses wrist and fingers to produce an even roll. As a result, the roll becomes uneven and gritty sounding. I should also mention that kevlar heads that are torqued very high will cause tendinitis in the hand and elbow.
There are a few common errors that people make when breaking down a roll. The first error comes at the transitional point when the player starts to bounce the diddle. The difference in the no rebound stroke (staccato stroke) and the rebound stroke (legato stroke) creates a different sound and is very noticeable. To prevent this, eliminate the transition. Play the roll at the slow tempi the same way you would play them at the fast tempi. This also applies to any rudiment you are playing. You can approach any instrument with this concept. I require the same of my mallet keyboard students. They have to play passages at slow tempi the same way they would play them at fast tempi.
Start the roll with both sticks up in raised position. Use a full turn of the wrist and a slight raise of the forearm. Sticks should be raised so that they are perpendicular with the drum head. After each stroke, let the stick bounce back to this position. This is also called the legato stroke, even though it is impossible to play legato on a marching snare drum.
Do not force the stick into the head. When starting the roll and ending the roll at slow tempi, the stick will stop in between each stroke at the top of the stroke. Do not force the stick to stop at the bottom of the stroke or near the drum head. As the tempo increases, the diddles begin to flow naturally with no stopping between strokes. You want to start out your roll with a high stick height because at the slower tempi you have more time between notes, so you need more space. As the tempo increases, lower your stick heights. Do the same in reverse when slowing down the roll.
Another common error competitors make is trying to play the roll too fast. Do not play the roll so fast that it changes the sound or evenness of the roll. At your peak, the roll should still be smooth and even. If you have to start pumping your arms and locking your wrist to get the roll out, then you are going too fast and your sound will change. I suggest finding the fastest tempo you can play a roll and then setting your peak at ten beats per minute slower than your maximum. This will assure you of having a nice even roll during your peak.
Quality and consistency of sound is most important when breaking down a roll.In the past several years of judging the PAS snare drum individuals competition, I have never penalized anyone for going overtime on their roll. They seem to be in a hurry to get it over with. However, I do recall several competitors finishing their roll within 20 seconds. Although there is no rule regarding a minimum time, it is better to go overtime then to use less than half of your allotted time. This usually happens because the second half of the roll, the slow down, happens too quickly. Control the roll and try to take up the entire minute. This will allow you to show how much control you have over the roll, slow or fast.
Make sure that you slow down the roll at the same rate you speed up. It would be safe to say that 9 out of 10 drummers I hear play a roll break-down slow down the roll faster then they speed it up. Time yourself and make sure that both sides are even. For a one minute roll I would suggest the following guide line:
Accelerate 23 seconds
 Peak 8 seconds
 Decelerate 23 seconds
 Total 54 seconds (6 seconds left over)
Start your roll with a single right hand stroke (RLLRRLLRRLLRRLL) and end with a single left hand stroke to make your roll perfectly symmetrical. Starting with one stroke gives the illusion that the second note of the diddle is the downbeat. Not only does this help you put more importance on the second note of the diddle, but the listener also hears the second note as the strong beat.
If you would like the timing of your roll to be as exact as possible, I suggest that you count each stroke. This may seem a bit analytical, but it works. To make sure that you are slowing down your roll at the same rate you speed it up, play the same amount of notes on either side. Below is the system I use for a one minute roll. Count Out:
11 quarter notes (speeding up)
10 counts of eighth notes
10 counts of sixteenth notes
10 counts of thirty-second notes
10 counts of thirty-second notes (peak)
10 counts of thirty-second notes (slowing down)
10 counts of sixteenth notes
10 counts of eighth notes
11 counts of quarter notes
Eleven is used because the first note of the roll is a single stroke. An odd number gets you back to the first note of the diddle being on the downbeat. There should not be a seam between transition from quarter notes to eighth notes, eighth notes to sixteenth notes and so on. The roll should gradually increase in tempo even though you will be counting in different groupings.
The difficult part is doing this at the same rate in the second half of the roll as you did in the first half. Use the transitions from the different groupings as a reference. Remember how fast your diddles are during transitions from quarter notes to eighths and so on. Try to play the roll at the same speed during those transitions, both speeding up and slowing down. You can change the counting to customize your own roll.
And finally, do not end your roll with a rim shot. The last note should be the same volume and same intensity as the rest of the roll. Besides, his is extremely annoying.
Good luck and when in doubt, roll.
 John Wooton
John Wooton is Director of Percussion Studies at the University of Southern Mississippi and
a member of the PAS Marching Committee.


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Strongly correlated ground states and exotic quasiparticle excitations in low-dimensional systems are central research topics in the solid-state research community. The present work develops a layered material and explores the physical properties. Single crystals of 3R-Na2MnTeO6 were synthesized via a flux method. Single-crystal x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy reveal a crystal structure with ABC-type stacking and an R-3 space group, which establishes this material as a stacking polytype to previously reported 2H-Na2MnTeO6. Magneticand heat-capacity measurements demonstrate dominant antiferromagnetic interactions, the absence of long-range magnetic order down to 0.5 K, and field-dependent short-range magnetic correlations. A structural transition at ∼23 K observed in dielectric measurements may be related to displacements of the Na positions. Our results demonstrate that 3R-Na2MnTeO6 displays low-dimensional magnetism, disordered structure and spins, and the system displays a rich structure variety.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Materials Science(all)
- Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)


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Samuel Magnus Hill (_PHONE_)
Samuel Magnus Hill came to Oregon in 1915 as minister of the Swedish Carlsborg congregation in Colton. A poet, pacifist, and retired schoolteacher, he served a large number of Swedish congregations in the state.
Hill was born Samuel Magnus Samuelsson in 1851 to poor, landless farm workers in the province of Östergötland, Sweden. When the family immigrated to the United States on the SS City of Limerick in 1868, they took the surname Hill.
In 1879, Hill graduated from Augustana College in Rock Island, Illinois, and took a job teaching at Gustavus Adolphus College in Saint Peter, Minnesota. In 1882, he served for a year as a Lutheran missionary among Scandinavian Mormons in Salt Lake City. He then accepted a position as a teacher and principal of Luther College in Wahoo, Nebraska, where he remained until 1915.
Hill was a man of letters who wrote regularly for the large Swedish American press. From the early 1880s to 1918, he served as one of the editors of Ungdomsvännen, an important Swedish language publication published in Chicago, Minneapolis, and Rock Island. He also holds the distinction of being the only person to publish a book of poems in Swedish in the state of Oregon. Uggletoner i vargatider (Laments in the Time of the Wolf), published in Portland in 1916, is primarily a volume of anti-war poems. As a pacifist Lutheran minister, Hill worked tirelessly against U.S. involvement in World War I.
Hill died in 1921 and is buried in the Lutheran Pioneer Cemetery in Colton.Written by:Lars Nordstrom
Dowie, James Iverne. Prairie Grass Dividing. Rock Island, Illinois: Augustana Historical Society, 1959.
Nordstrom, Lars, ed. and comp. Swedish Oregon. Portland: Swedish Roots in Oregon Press, 2008.


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Botanæco is experienced in the survey, assessment & management of forestry and native woodland creation or restoration sites. This includes making planting recommendations based upon the existing & potential vegetation and ecological history.
Botanæco routinely undertakes the following activity in relation to forestry sites:
In partnership with the expertise & facilities of Aberdeen University's Geography Department it is possible to produce an account of the ecological history ('palaeoecology') for your site. This has value for the following reasons:
The ecological history of an area is reconstructed through analysis of pollen grains preserved in wetland habitats. Coring the wetland, down to increasingly old sediments, allows a journey back in time by counting the number of pollen grains that record the fortunes of different species.
This service costs around the same as the habitat survey for a typical site. Radiocarbon dates can be included at cost price (c. £450 per sample), or a chronology can be estimated by other means.
Survey & assessment of woodland & forestry sites has regularly been undertaken for forestry companies and for other purposes within the planning system, such as wind farms. Management experience therefore includes consideration of development issues & related species management, such as for red squirrel or golden eagle, as well as consideration of the habitat itself. Botanæco's experience & quality of work in these areas has led to commissions by the Forestry Commission & Forestry Commission Scotland to assess the effects of riparian restoration on New Forest woodlands; and for field & class-based training in habitat survey & assessment, for example.


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What is the blackest black?
We tell ourselves it isn't there:
We say it is gray, because gray obscures
and night is gray with the graying black
but night is black, so we move on,
into dreams or out of dreams,
we chance upon a different color
and follow its rules, and say it is true
We look at the night, and we say it is red
the red of our eyes, the red over our bones
it is the shifting red, the red where the sun moves,
the red of replacement, the red of night-women,
the red that follows white, the sloughed-off red,
the silent but listening red.
And the night is red in these ways, and
when its gray is reddened, it is blackened
The night is greened with horizons, a
billiard-ball's green, a folded and whispering green
it speaks in bluish-green tones that are soft
Under the shadow of the green wall of the night,
the trees lay hold to infinite space,
their roots dripping thick water behind our eyes
and outside the shadow of the green wall
gold coins tumble on an azure field, fangled with white fire.


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How will the current economic troubles affect the Assemblies of God? According to common wisdom, economic downturns bring spiritual upturns. As the theory goes, when people discover they cannot be self-sufficient, they look for spiritual solutions to their problems.
But is this really the case? History reveals that the Assemblies of God grew significantly during the Great Depression of the 1930s, but its growth was a deviation from the norm. Most churches suffered great setbacks. What really happened during the Great Depression? What lessons can this history provide for the Assemblies of God of the twenty-first century?
The Great Depression of the 1930s devastated many segments of American Christianity. Historian Mark Noll noted that mainline Protestants not only faced economic uncertainties, but also theological uncertainties as liberal theology had begun to replace historic Christian beliefs. Many mainline congregations, schools, and ministries had to close or drastically cut back. Their institutions, funded by endowments that disappeared with the Wall Street crash, were running off the fumes of the past.
However, there was a noticeable exception to the decline of religious institutions in the 1930s: evangelical and Pentecostal churches made significant gains. According to Noll, these "sectarian" churches "knew better how to redeem the times."
In September 1929, the AG reported 1,612 churches with 91,981 members in the US. By 1944, this tally increased to 5,055 churches with 227,349 members. During that 15-year period, the number of AG churches tripled and membership almost tripled.
This growth didn't happen by accident. Our forefathers and foremothers during the Great Depression laid a foundation for the expansion of the Assemblies of God, often at a tremendous cost. Of today's seven largest AG colleges and universities, four were started during the Great Depression: North Central University (1930); Northwest University (1934); Southeastern University (1935); and Valley Forge Christian College (1939).
- Myer Pearlman was a prolific writer during the Great Depression.
It was during these hard times that AG scholarship blossomed. Myer Pearlman (_PHONE_), P. C. Nelson (_PHONE_), and E. S. Williams (_PHONE_) wrote many of their influential theological books in the midst of the Great Depression. Pearlman and Nelson literally worked themselves to death, their health breaking under the strain of constant writing, teaching, and preaching.
The AG's foreign missions enterprise was centralized and strengthened during the Depression. This change encouraged coordination of efforts and accountability. The AG published its first Missionary Manual in 1931 and in 1933 the AG began providing funding for a missions staff at Headquarters. While the Great Depression made finances tight, in 1933 the Foreign Missions Department trumpeted that it did not have to recall any missionaries because of shortage of funds. Indeed, from 1930 to 1939, AG world missions giving increased by 47 percent, the number of world missionaries increased by 25 percent, and the constituency outside the US increased by 132 percent. When other denominations were retreating, the AG was making significant advances in missions.
While Pentecostals decried the Social Gospel movement, which they viewed as caring for physical needs while neglecting spiritual needs, many churches strove to evangelize in both word and deed. One of the best-known churches engaged in social outreach during the Depression was Pentecostal — Angelus Temple, the Los Angeles congregation founded by Aimee Semple McPherson. The congregation operated numerous soup kitchens and free clinics in the 1930s. Countless smaller storefront rescue missions dotted the Pentecostal landscape of that era.
Large-scale population migrations forced by the economic upheaval of the 1930s resulted in the unplanned evangelization of new regions. Pentecostals who left the Midwest during the Dustbowl established numerous Assemblies of God, Pentecostal Holiness, and Pentecostal Church of God congregations in the western states. African-American Pentecostals from the rural South migrated to northern cities and started Church of God in Christ congregations in almost every major city. Hundreds of thousands of migrant workers in the U.S. returned to Mexico, including many new Pentecostal believers who, in effect, became indigenous missionaries to their homeland. In the providence of God, the painful social dislocation of the 1930s helped bring about the rapid spread of Pentecostalism. Like pollen scattered by a strong wind, Pentecostal refugees planted churches wherever they happened to land.
In raw economic terms, an economic downturn offers a great opportunity for churches to expand their base. Finances will be tight in the meantime, but once the economy turns around, the churches will be much better off than they had been previously, with a larger and more committed membership.
Despair or Desperation?
Some Pentecostals actually seemed to celebrate the challenges of the Depression. The monthly magazine of The Stone Church (an AG congregation in Chicago) published this editorial note: "Our chief difficulty is that we have been bitten by the luxury bug. Nations can stand almost any adversity better than that of the debilitating, enervating, calamity of prosperity. The Word of God declares that, 'In prosperity the destroyer shall come'" (Job 15:21). One can almost hear the writer saying, "Bring it on, financial struggles will only make us stronger."
- C. M. Ward and his wife, Dorothy, were married just after the stock market crashed in 1929.
C. M. Ward, the voice of the Revivaltime radio broadcast from 1953 to 1978, echoed this sentiment. He and his fiancée, Dorothy, set their wedding date for Christmas Day, 1929. Of course, one month before their wedding, the stock market crashed and the Great Depression began. Ward couldn't afford to buy a wedding ring, much less presents, for their first Christmas. He later learned that times of deprivation like this birthed one of two things: either despair or desperation. Despair caused people to simply give up, but desperation spurred people to work hard and be creative.
Need for Vision
Churches, however, are not guaranteed to grow during bad times. Indeed, AG evangelist Christine Kerr Peirce observed in 1935, "Instead of the depression driving people to God, there has developed an apathy and indifference which has not characterized previous periods of distress, when men have turned to God for help."
Peirce's lament for the church in 1935 could easily describe the condition of the American church in 2009: "Our modern methods are fast wearing out. That which a few years ago attracted the great crowds, attracts them no more. We have worn out every spectacular appeal we could make and while a few are reached here and there, yet the truth stares us plainly in the face that nowhere are we doing more than just scratching the surface, in comparison with the great number of unchurched and unsaved that should be reached."
Why was the church in such a state of spiritual stupor? According to Peirce, "The backslidden, apathetic, lethargic condition of the pew today is due largely to the fact that this work [evangelism] has been left in the hands of the pulpit." Instead, she averred, every Christian is called to be a witness.
How can the church remedy this problem? Peirce dismissed the idea that the church needs methods that are even "more spectacular." Instead, she propounded, "The need of the present moment is Men and Women of Vision!" Christians first "must see God Himself," and then must have a "vision of others." She elaborated, "A true vision of the lost world will prostrate us on our face with a burden of intercession."
According to Peirce, then, the visionary church must be worshipful and missional. While Peirce's critique was aimed at the American church in general, she recognized that Assemblies of God members could very easily lose their vision and replace their passion for God and for souls with a reliance on modern methods. However, visionary Assemblies of God leaders viewed the economic crisis as an opportunity, leading the Fellowship to engage in ardent prayer and great personal sacrifice to advance a cause that was much bigger than any one person.
Seize the Moment
The history of the Assemblies of God illustrates the Fellowship's compelling vision of world evangelization through voluntary cooperation to accomplish what individual Pentecostal believers or churches could not do alone. Hopefully, these testimonies will encourage readers to likewise see the current economic turmoil as an opportunity to reassess priorities, to love those who are hurting, and to lay a broader foundation for the future of the Assemblies of God. Even as we look back at the heroes of the faith who grabbed hold of big ideas and sacrificed greatly to bring them to fruition, I pray that we, the inheritors of this legacy, will seize this moment and invest in the future of our faith.
To learn more about the history of the Assemblies of God, visit the Flower Pentecostal Heritage Center's Web site.
Written by Flower Pentecostal Heritage Center Director Darrin J. Rodgers, this editorial was published in the 2009 Assemblies of God Heritage magazine.


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Acidity increases with increasing s character. propane is sp3 hybridized, propene is sp2 hybridized, propyne is sp hybridized.
Is propane most acidic?
The proton on ethanol is the most acidic proton. Spartan calculations indicate that this proton has the largest positive electrostatic potential suggesting that it is the most acidic proton. It is followed by cyclopropane and propane is the least acidic of the three.
Is propene a strong acid?
the right ans is propene,bcoz evey one kNkws that a weak acid has strong conjugatef base. so here we know propeme is weak acid as compared to propyne, bcoz acidity decreases with decreasing s cheracter.
Is propene acidic or basic?
Acetylene is more Acidic than propene, as propene have a CH3 group attached to sp-hybridized C atom so it provide +I effect & hence protonation is easy in acetylene than propene.
Is c2h4 more acidic than water?
Therefore, we can conclude that R-OH is a weaker acid that water. The correct order is: Ethyne> Ethene >Ethane. This can be explained with the Hydrogen donating tendency of hydrocarbon, carbon which is more electronegative will create high positive charge on hydrogen, hence that hydrocarbon will me most acidic.
Is phenol more acidic than water?
Hence, phenol is more acidic than water.
Is Ethanoic acid a vinegar?
Acetic acid, also known as ethanoic acid, is a clear colourless liquid which has a pungent, vinegar-like odour.
Which is more acidic Ethyne or propyne?
Ethyne is more acidic than propyne. in propyne methyl group is present which cause + I effect. due to the + I effect methyl group more electron density is present near triple bond hence the release of proton from propyne is difficult than from ethyne.
Which is more acidic propene or propyne?
The order of increasing acidity is, propane < propene < propyne < water.
Are propane and cyclopropane isomers?
Answer: No cyclopropane is not the isomer of propane(C3H8). Propane has no isomer. it is because in an isomer the number of carbon and hydrogen atoms are same.
Why is propene more reactive than propane?
There are ten single bonds in propane, eight between carbon and hydrogen atoms, and two between carbon atoms. In contrast, there are seven single bonds, six between carbon and hydrogen atoms and one between carbon atoms. … On the other hand, propene is more reactive due to the presence of weak pi bonds.
Is propylene heavier than propane?
The following figures compare the relative vapor density of fuel gases with that of air: Natural Gas 0.55 LIGHTER than Air Acetylene 0.91 Air 1.00 Propylene 1.42 MAPP* 1.48 HEAVIER than Air Propane 1.56 Butane 2.05 It is important to note that acetylene and natural gas being lighter than air will rise in air.


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Children Learning Together
From 10 faculty members, 40 students and three fields of study at the time of its founding, Secondary School has grown to more than 1,600 faculty, 35,000 students and over 350 degree programs in 130 academic departments and 80 interdisciplinary research units. One of the most important things we can do for students is not just teach them specific knowledge and skills, but help them match their interests to their career path.
School Research at a Glance
- 2,118 faculty members
- 21 Nobel laureates
- 4 Pulitzer Prize winners
The Research Enterprise
- 5,300 externally sponsored projects
- $1.33 billion total budget
- About 2,000 postdoctoral scholars
- 18 independent labs, centers and institutes
- 9.3 million physical volumes
- 4 million e-books and audiovisual materials
- 300,000 rare or special books and 59 million pages of unpublished materials
- In 2014–15, Stanford received more than $95 million from 695 licensed technologies.
- Breakthrough inventions licensed by Stanford span medicine, engineering and the sciences.
- School entrepreneurs have created an estimated 39,900 companies and 5.4 million jobs since the 1930s.


Q&A: Improving Performance With Dynamic Capacity Management
Mon, 11/14/2011 - 8:35am
Phil Wolf, SVP, Enterprise and OnDemand Product Sales, PDWare
Decreasing cost and improving efficiency are always front-of-mind concerns for manufacturers. Phil Wolf of Portfolio Decisionware (PDWare) spoke with Food Manufacturing about how project managers and resource planners can best manage resources to maximize productivity.
Q: What are the most common performance problems that lead to failed projects in manufacturing facilities?
A: PDWare believes the number one reason that projects fail is because they are staffed with people who are not really available to do the work they are assigned. These people get assigned to projects anyway because there is no working mechanism for alerting the organization that it is making poor staffing decisions.
Q: What are the typical causes of these performance issues?
A: These resource staffing problems are caused by a lack of visibility by decision-makers into three key areas:
 1. The true availability of people resources in each required skill area
 2. What projects and other work to which they are assigned
 3. What work they are truly able to accomplish given the up-to-date assumptions of schedule and priority
Q: How can these performance issues be prevented before they become a problem?
A: We have established that decision-makers need visibility into the problem at the time of decision-making. These decision-makers need to have a good understanding of available supply (people), put in place a forecasting process that provides credible assignment data for the next 6-9 months and establish an active reporting process that alerts decision-makers when people are over-utilized or projects are staffed with unavailable people. The combination of capacity management, demand management and oversight processes can move an organization in this direction with reasonable effort.
Q: What is Dynamic Capacity Management, and how does it work?
A: DCM is the concept of proactively managing resource supply (people) to maximize productivity across departments and across project portfolios. Through a series of lenses into the skills, profiles and utilization of active personnel, organizations can adjust their staff to better support the needs and cost models of the organization. When the right combination of people exists to support company objectives, the deployment or allocation of those people should approach 100 percent of capacity. This puts the organization into a theoretical "high performance state." Once in that high performance state, a company can optimize the profile, type and geography of its staff to reduce costs as well.
Q: What advice can you give manufacturers looking to increase their efficiency while decreasing cost?
A: To compete efficiently in today's market, companies should pay close attention to their staffing mix and utilization. Many organizations are not able to support all of their requirements and are at less than 100 percent utilization of their people. It is important to partner with a company with the processes and tools to help companies deploy DCM processes along with demand management and portfolio oversight processes. There is no excuse for operating without visibility or understanding of staffing issues. Small improvements in the employee mix and their utilization can pay huge dividends in performance and cost of operations.
Interview By Lindsey Coblentz, Associate Editor, Food Manufacturing
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There are a number of identification attributes associated with animal objects in PyPedal pedigrees. A description of those fields, as well as their default values, is provided in Table 6.1. This section describes the data structures provided for mapping between various animal IDs. Table 7.1 lists the four structures provided for ID mapping and lists the default values for pedigrees with integral (asd formats) and string (ASD formats) IDs. Renumbered PyPedal pedigree objects store animal objects in a list that is typically indexed by renumbered ID. When animal IDs are strings (see 3.5.1) they are hashed to an integer and the original ID is stored in a name field. In renumbered pedigrees the original ID is stored and replaced by a renumbered ID.
7.2 Animal Identification and Cross-References
Once your pedigree is renumbered it is quite easy to see how these maps can be used to convert between various IDs. The maps mean that you don't have to worry about renumbered IDs and can continue to think about your animals in terms of their original IDs, whether they be ID numbers or names. Consider the Newfoundland pedigree presented in Figure 9.4 - it is much more convenient to think about the dog named Kaptn Kvols von Widdersdorf, rather than the dog whose name was hashed to the ID 5523557808241831142 amd renumbered to 48. For example, suppose you wanted to determine his coefficient of inbreeding. It is simple to do using the maps:
example.namemap['Kaptn Kvols von Widdersdorf'] returns the original ID assigned to the name, while example.idmap[...] converts from the original ID to the renumbered ID. This sort of ID/name mapping is sued in a number of places in PyPedal, such as in the three generation pedigree routine in the pyp_reports module.
>>> example = pyp_newclasses.loadPedigree(optionsfile='newfoundland.ini')
>>> newf_f = pyp_nrm.inbreeding(example)
>>> print newf_f['fx'][example.idmap[example.namemap['Kaptn Kvols von Widdersdorf']]]
Note that if an animal has its original ID as its name, which is the default when integral IDs and no animal names are provided, the name is changed to the renumbered ID when the pedigree is renumbered.
See About this document... for information on suggesting changes.
Animal identification and cross-references.
SPMamp; asd format
& ASD format
& Key & Value & Key & Value & Key & Value


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Google Sheets Tutorial
How To Split First Name and Last Name In Google Sheets
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G'day guys, Chris Higgins from Electric Monk here. Hope you're doing well.
So today I've got a really fantastic Google Sheets tip to share with you, and I'm only slightly embarrassed to admit that I have only just discovered this feature in the last few months. Now this is one of those features where if you're aware of it and you use it often, you'll likely think that this is the dumbest tutorial in history. However, if you're not already aware of this feature, then this video will probably... maybe change your life.
So let's jump into Google Sheets and have a look at what's going on. You can see here I've got my sample list of contacts. These are all students at a particularly prestigious boarding school, and we've got a column for their name, their email address and their assigned school house.
The problem that we've got is that all of the students' names have been entered as full names in a single column rather than being split into separate columns. If you work with a lot of contact data, you will have received CSV files just like this yourself. And the issue is that platforms like HubSpot typically store names as two separate properties - first name and last name - and they won't actually allow you to upload any contact data if the names aren't formatted correctly. So, we need to find a way to split these names out into separate columns before we can upload this data into our CRM.
Now, the obvious answer is to go through them all line by line, cutting and pasting the surname values into a new column. And that's manageable if you've got a list like this that only contains 40 or so names, but if you're dealing with a file that includes hundreds or perhaps even thousands of names, that can be really time consuming.
So it turns out that there is a feature in Google Sheets that enables you to split data into multiple cells, and it makes it ridiculously quick to format a list of contacts just like this one. So the first thing we need to do is create a new empty column next to our full name column, which you can do by right clicking and selecting the Insert column option. It's worth eyeballing your list of names at this point to see if you've got any contacts with middle names or titles, because at the end of this process each name is going to be split into its own cell. So if you do have any contacts with three or four names, make sure you create a couple of extra columns to accommodate them. Once you've got your empty column in place, you need to highlight the column that contains the names that you want to split, then click Data, and then click Split text to columns.
You should then see this small tool bar that asks you what separator you'd like to use. Choose Space, and then that is literally it. Your names should now be split out into separate columns. The final thing you need to do is just ensure that your column headers are updated so that they'll be recognised when you import them into HubSpot.
I really hope you found this useful and please do feel free to let me know in the comments if there are any other MarTech tutorials that you'd like me to create. Cheers!


Teachers union sues state over lost day
The Washington Education Association sued the state yesterday over a lost day of work.
The lawsuit, filed in King County Superior Court, challenges the Legislature's decision in 2002 to cut a non-student learning-improvement day for teachers. The 76,000-member union figures that cost the average teacher about $250.
"That day had become part of the definition of basic education in the state of Washington," said Charles Hasse, the WEA's president.
The lawsuit argues that the decision violates both the Washington Constitution's mandate that the state provide for basic education and Initiative 732's requirement that teachers be given annual cost-of-living raises.
The union hasn't been shy about challenging lawmakers before, especially in recent years, as tight budgets have prompted the Legislature to rein in spending.
Last year, the state Supreme Court agreed with the WEA's contention that lawmakers had violated I-732 by not providing raises for all school employees, not just those whose base pay came from the state.
This year, lawmakers amended the initiative to render that ruling irrelevant and suspend the yearly raises, although some money was allocated to increase pay for the newest teachers. The WEA has threatened to sue over that move as well, arguing that who gets pay increases should be dictated by local contracts between teachers and school districts.


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The story of the statue from Rapa Nui (Easter Island), £5.00
Explore / Online Tours
Power and Taboo: sacred objects from the Pacific
Wooden human figure
The British Museum's unparalleled collection of art and artefacts from the eastern Pacific has continued to provide inspiration to both Polynesian and European artists and poets as well as researchers. This wooden figure was a favourite of English sculptor Henry Moore who was a frequent visitor to the Museum.
The figure was described in the account of Captain Cook's third voyage (1776-80) to the region, published after Cook's death. In 1779 members of the expedition visited Hale-o-Keawe, the royal mausoleum, at Honaunau, Hawaii. They saw a figure, now believed to be this one: '... a black figure of a man resting on his fingers and toes, with his head inclined backwards; the limbs well formed and exactly proportioned, the whole beautifully polished... and around it placed thirteen others of rude and distorted shapes...'.
Hale-o-Keawe was also visited by the crew of HMS Blonde, commanded by Captain Lord Byron. Andrew Bloxam, their naturalist, wrote that this figure was used by the kings to rest upon before making a sacrifice as part of worship. He describes the removal of artefacts in 1824, which were transported to England. This figure was among them.


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Kolam (Tamil: கோலம் ) is a form of sandpainting that is drawn using rice powder by female members of the family in front of their home. It is widely practised by Hindus in South India. A Kolam is a sort of painted prayer — a line drawing composed of curved loops, drawn around a grid pattern of dots.
Kolams are thought to bestow prosperity to homes. Every morning in southern India, millions of women draw kolams on the ground with white rice powder. Through the day, the drawings get walked on, rained out, or blown around in the wind; new ones are made the next day. Every morning before sunrise, the floor is cleaned with water, the universal purifier, and the muddy floor is swept well for an even surface. The kolams are generally drawn while the surface is still damp so that it is held better. Occasionally, cow-dung is also used to wax the floors. Cow dung has antiseptic properties and hence provides a literal threshold of protection for the home. It also provides contrast with the white powder.
Decoration was not the sole purpose of a Kolam. In olden days, kolams used to be drawn in coarse rice flour, so that the ants don't have to work so hard for a meal. The rice powder is said to invite birds and other small critters to eat it, thus inviting other beings into one's home and everyday life: a daily tribute to harmonious co-existence. It is a sign of invitation to welcome all into the home, not the least of whom is Goddess Lakshmi, the Goddess of prosperity. The patterns range between geometric and mathematical line drawings around a matrix of dots to free form art work and closed shapes. Folklore has evolved to mandate that the lines must be completed so as to symbolically prevent evil spirits from entering the inside of the shapes, and thus are they prevented from entering the inside of the home.
It used to be a matter of pride to be able to draw large complicated patterns without lifting the hand off the floor standing up in between. The month of Margazhi was eagerly awaited by young women, who would then showcase their skills by covering the entire width of the road with one big kolam.
The ritual kolam patterns created for occasions such as weddings can stretch all the way down streets. Patterns are often passed on generation to generation, from mother to daughter.
For special occasions limestone and red brick powder to contrast are also used. Though kolams are usually done with dry rice flour, for longevity, dilute rice paste or even paints are also used. Modern interpretations have accommodated chalk, and more recently vinyl stickers (that defeat the original purpose).
Kolam is not as flamboyant as its other Indian contemporary, Rangoli, which is extremely colourful.


In chapter 5 of Deep Learning book of Ian Goodfellow, some notations in the loss function as below make me really confused.
I tried to understand $x,y \sim p_{data}$ means a sample $(x, y)$ sampled from original dataset distribution (or $y$ is the ground truth label). The loss function in formula 5.101 seems to be correct for my understanding. Actually, the formula 5.101 is derived from 5.100 by adding the regularization.
Therefore, the notation $x,y \sim \hat{p}_{data}$ in formula 5.96 and 5.100 is really confusing to me whether the loss function is defined correctly (kinda typo error or not). If not so, could you help me to refactor the meaning of two notations, are they similar and correct?
enter image description here
enter image description here
enter image description here Many thanks for your help.
At page 130 of the same book, the author states that $\hat{p}_\text{data}$ is an empirical distribution defined by the training data. Similarly, at page 129, he states that $p_\text{data}$ is the true distribution that generates the set $\mathbb{X} = \{ \boldsymbol{x}^{(1)}, \dots, \boldsymbol{x}^{(m)} \}$.
What is the difference between $\hat{p}_\text{data}$ and $p_\text{data}$? You can think of $\hat{p}_\text{data}$ as a histogram that is calculated from the set $\mathbb{X}$ and $p_\text{data}$ as the true distribution from which the elements in $\mathbb{X}$ are drawn.
The subscript ${\boldsymbol{x}, y \sim \hat{p}_\text{data}}$ in the expectation $\mathbb{E}_{\boldsymbol{x}, y \sim \hat{p}_\text{data}}$ indicates that the expectation is taken with respect to the samples drawn from the empirical distribution $\hat{p}_\text{data}$. In other words, you will optimise the objective function $J$ using the training data. Have a look at this question for more info.
The subscript ${\boldsymbol{x}, y \sim p_\text{data}}$ in the expectation of formula $5.101$ is a typo. In fact, in this online version of the book, at page 151, the subscript of the expectation is ${\boldsymbol{x}, y \sim \hat{p}_\text{data}}$.
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ Thank you a lot. your answer go just straight to my confusion :D $\endgroup$ – David Ng May 25 '19 at 14:14
Your Answer


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An educational robotics kit developed at Carnegie Mellon University's Robotics Institute is fostering an interest in technology that goes a step beyond simply putting supplied parts together.
The Hummingbird kit consists of a customized control board, along with a variety of lights, sensors, and motors that can be connected to the controller without soldering. With a free, easy-to-learn drag-and-drop environment, students armed with paper, paint, cardboard, and a little imagination can program their creations without prior experience.
"We want students to become inventors of technology rather than users of technology," Illah Nourbakhsh, a robotics professor at Carnegie Mellon, said in a press release. His CREATE Lab developed the Hummingbird for a project called Arts & Bots. "Hummingbird feeds a student's natural curiosity about technology by enabling her to incorporate robotics into something she is making that is meaningful or useful."
This crafty little man, powered by the Hummingbird kit, plays a drum.
(Source: Carnegie Mellon University)
For example, students in West Virginia recently built a working replica of R2D2 from Star Wars. A class elsewhere created a cardboard dragon that turns its head and tries to bite anyone who gets too close. (You can watch a video of this dragon on the next page.)
"The Arts & Bots program is not a robot kit where you open a box and put all the provided pieces together by following a given set of instructions and all the finished robots look and function the same way," Zee Poerio, a teacher at St. Louise de Marillac Catholic School in Pittsburgh, said in the release. Her students used the kit to build a coin monster for the school's ancient coin exhibit. "The Hummingbird provides the students with the ability to make the robots unique not only in design, but in their function."


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Chandragupta: Path Of A Fallen Demigod
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Chandragupta: Path Of A Fallen Demigod
Chandragupta: Path Of A Fallen Demigod
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Item Code: NAD843
Author: Rajat Pillai
Publisher: Cedar Books and Pustak Mahal
Language: English
Edition: 2012
ISBN: 9788122312751
Pages: 303
Cover: Paperback
Other Details: 8.0 inch X 5.0 inch
weight of the book: 257 gms
About the Book
His life and events has been a subject of controversy creating debates among historians for years. Chandergupta Maurya came from humble beginnings plagued by poverty. However, this man's journey through life was going to be anything but ordinary. From being a farmer boy in a unknown village to being a palace attendant in the capital city of Patliputra. The narrative move on to the untold story of what happened after Chandergupta became the King
From the battlefields of Kalinga to the wars fought in the plains east of River IndusThe book trace the life of a man whose life took sharp ups and downturns till he ventured into the path of spirituality. Spanning 36 years and events in 6 countries of today, this book seeks to tell the story which exists in bits-n-pieces in annals of history.
About the Author
Rajat did his Mba from IMI (New Delhi) and Ecole-Superieure-de-Commerce (France). He is currently working as Chief Manager in the Technology division of one of India's largest financial institutions. Previously, he had worked on five amateur movie projects. Also, he was part of a theatre group, performed in stage shows and street plays for cancer awareness. His other interests include reading books on Indian history and martial arts.
It was a hot summer afternoon. Below the tree in the village square a village newsman dressed in an outrageous yellow coloured turban and gown was addressing a villager, Thirumalaya. Thirumalaya was a man of lean built and good facial features. His moustache made him look older than he was. He had to look like a mature father. The village newsman repeated his words to Thirumalaya, who still had an expression of disbelief on his face.
"It is confirmed news; your man is at Shravan Kund."
"I finally get to meet my childhood hero. The Samrat himself," replied Thirurnalaya slurring through his words in happiness.
"Yes! Samrat, the king of kings himself. I can see it in your eyes, the moisture of happiness. Every ten days I used to visit your village, you were the only one among my audience who had been the most curious and excited," commented the newsman. "I have actually given away a fortune in pouches of rice and coconut to all the newsmen in this village and all the villages I have stayed since childhood to extract some news about this man," stated Thirumalaya.
"Why are you so interested about the developments in the life of this one person?" asked the newsman.
"I can't tell you the reason for that. Probably I am into a kind of hero worshiping. Nonetheless, thanks for giving me uncensored and unadulterated news about him for close to a year now," Thirumalaya spoke with gratitude.
The local Villavar king down south had instructed the newsmen not to over-exaggerate the prosperity of the northern kingdoms to the subjects of these villages down south ruled by them. This was because there was already enough unrest and constant fight against poverty in the south. Such news from the more prosperous north will create more resentment against the Villavar king's authority. However, Thirumalaya had a workaround for this.
"You know it was not a favour, I got my benefits for giving you the true story. The extra coconuts and the odd clay flask of fresh coconut liquor," laughed the newsman, indicating the time for his reward. Thirumalaya handed over a pot of milk, mangoes and bananas to the village newsman. As he turned to leave, the newsman said the dreaded words, "I am sure you are aware of his intentions. If you do not start off immediately, there is a good chance he will not be alive when you reach there." Thirumalaya understood the gravity of those words.
"I think these are rumours, he will never do something like that," replied Thirumalaya.
"You never know. He is a complicated, unpredictable man from whatever I have heard. Sometimes he behaves like an eccentric," said the newsman.
"Believe me, he has reasons for everything he has done till now," Thirumalaya replied with a sigh.
On his way back to his hut Thirumalaya started thinking on what all needed to be planned for the trip. As he walked through the narrow mud road to his house which ran between rows of fences made of thorny sticks erected by his neighbours, he felt good. Thirumalaya felt the fresh breath of ecstasy similar to the smell of rains having fallen on dry lands.
"Shravan Kund" was in the holy kingdom of Satyaputra. He had spent his childhood in a small village in this kingdom and had migrated to Kairaliputra only a few years back.
'I wish I got quicker updates about him. It took so much effort from my side to get accurate information over these years but finally some good news, "thought he.
The news sometimes got delayed for long because of the geographical distance. It was a chain system. There was a network of these newsmen who would cover every kingdom and pass on the information to the next newsman in the chain. This is how common man was made aware of any likely invasion, epidemics and natural disasters in other kingdoms. So Thirumalaya harassed the newsmen to influence their chain to get specific updates on this particular man. Over the years he had been successful, and now the newsman in his new village further south also followed the practice and the different newsmen from other provinces also were careful not to miss out on any news on this Samrat. However, there was frequent miscommunication because sometimes the newsmen had limited knowledge of each other's language.
These awe-inspiring tales of the king fascinated this poor farmer. He had followed the Sam rat for a very long time - since he was the undisputed ruler of all the erstwhile Mahajanapadas, the ancient kingdoms of the sub-continent. Equally fascinating were the times when he bravely fought the foreigners with skin as white as ivory. Also, Thirumalaya was probably the only one in his village who was overjoyed when there were rumours that the Sam rat's army had reached Dakshinaparha near his kingdom and was going to invade Southern kingdoms. He was overjoyed with the prospect of being the subject of his favourite king and part of the Magadha Empire. However, the Samrat's army was not planning to invade the southern states and it was a mere movement of troops near the Dandaka forest.
Thirutnalaya reached his hut, a plastered mud structure with cracks and thatched roof. He hated his house. It was a lonely place. A house without a woman is a structure without soul. His son Manu a toddler, a motherless child was playing inside the house with a piece of dried cow dung on which he had put some flowers. Thirumalaya had got married at an early age of eighteen to a girl four years older than him. The lady in question was from a house in his lane. Her deceased first husband was transporting grains in a cart at night to a nearby village when he was attacked, looted and killed. Thirumalaya liked this girl before her marriage and now wanted to marry her out of empathy. The society would not approve of this, so they left their village one night and moved down south and settled in this village in the southern kingdom of Kairaliputra. Poor Manu lost his mother after she ate a dish carelessly made out of adulterated mushrooms at a friend's place. With the level of medical care available at the time, small ailments blew up to become fatal in no time. Thirumalaya started collecting the utensils, vegetables and other provisions theywould require during the travel. While picking up his clothes, Thirumalaya chanced to glance upon a knife having a copper handle hid behind the stack of clothes. He picked up the knife, looked at it and smiled. This was the knife he had kept aside as a twelve-year-old boy to kill the same man he was going to meet now. Thirumalaya picked up Manu, cleaning him with cloth dipped in a pitcher of water and making him wear new clothes. Little toddler was about to embark on a treacherous journey because his father wanted to meet his childhood hero. Manu couldn't stay away from his father for so many days. Also, nobody in his village was willing to take care of this child as they were too poor to feed him for fourteen days and Manu was a known troublemaker. 50 the child had to come along.
Thirumalaya then went to his friends who were well apprised of his plans.
"Friends the time has come for me to reward you for your selfless friendship. Pack up your articles and get ready for the beautiful and holy kingdom of Sat


=over =item grep BLOCK LIST X =item grep EXPR,LIST This is similar in spirit to, but not the same as, grep(1) and its relatives. In particular, it is not limited to using regular expressions. Evaluates the BLOCK or EXPR for each element of LIST (locally setting C<$_> to each element) and returns the list value consisting of those elements for which the expression evaluated to true. In scalar context, returns the number of times the expression was true. _USER_ = grep(!/^#/, _USER_); # weed out comments or equivalently, _USER_ = grep {!/^#/} _USER_; # weed out comments Note that C<$_> is an alias to the list value, so it can be used to modify the elements of the LIST. While this is useful and supported, it can cause bizarre results if the elements of LIST are not variables. Similarly, grep returns aliases into the original list, much as a for loop's index variable aliases the list elements. That is, modifying an element of a list returned by grep (for example, in a C, C or another C) actually modifies the element in the original list. This is usually something to be avoided when writing clear code. If C<$_> is lexical in the scope where the C appears (because it has been declared with C) then, in addition to being locally aliased to the list elements, C<$_> keeps being lexical inside the block; i.e., it can't be seen from the outside, avoiding any potential side-effects. See also L for a list composed of the results of the BLOCK or EXPR. =back


How To Make Music Beats At Home - The Requirements
Posted by Jam Addict Staff
This article will discuss how to make beats at home using free and open source software.
We should begin by asking ourselves, what is the role of music in our lives?
For many, music brings pleasure and emotional attachment. We use music to relax, to improve our concentration, and to make our lives more pleasurable.
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But there are also many situations where music is a problem. It may cause us stress, or make us homesick.
Here's one common scenario. You are on your way to work.
You want to listen to your favorite song. You turn on the radio but it's playing the local station.
You have no choice but to listen to it while you're in the car. This makes you sad, irritable, and anxious.
Another scenario might be you are in a hurry, and want to listen to your favorite song at work, but the boss has banned it.
To get the best of both worlds, we need a source of music that is not available through the radio, and that we can listen to while we're commuting. It might be music that you can access at any time, not just while you're commuting.
So what is it that we need to make music beats?
The answer is a drum machine, a piece of software that allows us to play pre-programmed drum sounds on the computer.
A drum machine is useful for two reasons. The first is that it allows us to select drum sounds from a range of instruments, such as drums, bass, a drum machine, a drum sample, a percussion instrument, or a sound effect.
The second is that a drum machine allows us to control the speed and volume of each of the drum sounds we play, which is essential to making a rhythmic beat.
A third and perhaps more important reason for using a drum machine is that it allows us to change the speed of each of the individual drum sounds we play.
For example, we can make the snare sound sound come down quicker when the rest of the track is a beat. Or we can make the kick sound come up sooner when the rest of the track is slower.
This is important, because some drum sounds are slower or faster than others.
We can't do this with any other instrument. For example, we cannot change the rhythm of a bassline by adjusting the pitch of a note on the bass guitar. If we want a bassline to have a faster tempo, we must make it sound like it is coming from a machine.
So it's crucial that the drum sounds we use are pre-programmed to play in this way.
Making beats
Making beats with a drum machine is easy to do. This will allow us to play along with a song, or make music without needing to learn the score.
We can start by downloading some drum samples from the Internet, and creating our own drum machine, where the sample sounds are our tracks.
Most drum samples are produced using the Flash format, which contains sound effects and pre-recorded instrument samples.
These can be downloaded from a number of websites. In the search box of any search engine, type'drum samples'and you'll find thousands of drum samples.
You will need to download a free program such as Amiga Music Maker, which allows you to download files from the Internet to your computer.
It's also worth downloading a basic drum machine program such as Max for the Mac, or Drum Workshop.
It's worth knowing that although samples are purchased from the Internet, they can come with either the original voice or drum sounds as well, if you need to adjust them, or create your own drum sounds.
Once you have downloaded your drum samples, you will need to set up your drum machine
Most drum machines have a system of touch pads and sliders to change the sounds you play, so it's simple to use.
You will need to download two versions of each of the drum samples you are using. One to use on the front of the drum machine, and the other on the back.
These both have to be in the same directory, so as not to confuse the drum machine when you open it.
At the bottom of your track editing window, there is a 'Save' button. Click this and a window will open with a list of all the sounds that are currently in your drum machine.
Choose one and save it.
To start playing the sample, drag it onto the front of your drum machine, either using the mouse or the drag and drop option (on Amiga Music Maker).
On most Amiga drum machines, you have the option of starting each of the drums from the beginning by pressing the start button, or by clicking the record button.
If you want to start the track after the sample you must press the record button and start the next sample from the top.
As soon as you press the play button on the drum machine, the sample will be played, and you can start playing along with it.
Be careful, though, that it doesn't jump to the front of the drum machine before you have decided which sample to use.
Otherwise, your sound will sound out of time.


text:
When subject to torsion this profile twists around a center axis defined by intersecting Y and X planes. As shown in Fig 2 the position and orientation of all the external surfaces of the rim shift considerably, while the neutral plane remains nearly unchanged (neutral).
Shown in fig 3, when a rim is formed (hooped) the x-axis (green) changes little as it remains substantially a plane bisecting the rim into left and right (drive side and non-drive side). The yellow plane (y-axis) transforms into a cylindrical form we call "section neutral plane."
As we form (hoop) the rim and the Y plane transforms into a cylindrical form, things become interesting. Now we can consider how loads applied from various directions deflect the rim. The geometry resisting this deflection is sectional properties and the radius of this section neutral plane. Local loads (individual spokes, drive side for instance) can easily place a significant torsional load as well as the expected radial load. With few exceptions, spoke loads create a mix of torsional axial and radial forces.
This is where it starts to get interesting, as we form the rim we transformed the Y plane into a cylindrical form. Now we consider various loads applied from various directions will deflect the rim, the geometry resisting this deflection is sectional properties and the radius of this section neutral plane. Local loads (individual spokes, drive side for instance) can easily place a significant torsional load as well as what would normally be the effect of an axial load theoretically hoped for. with the exception of paired spokes recently reintroduced by Rolf, the spoke loads will always transition to a mix of torsional axial and radial.
Aligning spokes to the intersection of these two planes is the most direct method of moving the rim with a spoke while truing a wheel. In Fig 5, a spoke hole is drilled with an 8° axial offset, aiming the spoke axis to the intersection of these two planes. This reduces torsional inputs seen while truing a wheel, assisting in repositioning the rim as near axial as possible considering you are putting an offset load on the profile.


text:
Webinar summary: Data, Resources and Women's Rights
On Thursday, 19 May 2016, the Resourcing Women's Rights team at AWID facilitated a webinar focused on the role data plays in influencing funding and resource availability for women's rights organizing.
Close to 80 women's rights and feminist activists participated in the discussion covering innovative data tools and methodologies, as well as notable trends that data has revealed about funding for women's rights. In addition to tools, our expert panelists also offered strategies to shape funding trends and to respond to challenges, particularly emphasizing the power of collective action. The conversation carried over to Twitter using the hashtag _TAG_.
The Data, Resources and Women's Rights webinar adds to our planned engagements on the way to the AWID Forum in September, building up activities and conversations that will continue at the Feminist Resource Mobilization (FRM) Hub at the Forum. Please keep an eye out for continued activities related to feminist resource mobilization between now and September!
Full audio of the webinar:
Presentations and Highlights from the webinar panelists:
Emily Esplen, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
Emily leads the OECD Development Co-operation Directorate's work on gender equality including managing GENDERNET, which has been publishing data for over 20 years on aid supporting women's rights. Bilateral and multilateral assistance is one of the traditional and largest sources of funding for women's rights organizations and gender-marked data has revealed funding patterns of OECD members. Emily shared preliminary on the latest data which will be finalized and published in the coming months:
- Gender-focused bilateral aid from OECD countries is at an all-time high and a steady and healthy 28% of gender-focused aid is channeled to to civil society organizations that work on gender equality.
- Despite these positive trends, aid specifically directed to women's rights organizations is incredibly tiny and decreasing. In 2011, only 1.2% of gender-focused aid was given to women's rights organizations, and that has decreased to 0.5% in 2014.
- Issues with localization: although a healthy 28% is being directed to civil society organizations, only 8% of those organizations are based in developing countries.
- Collective advocacy can influence bilateral funders such as by demanding better tracking systems and clear tracking of how much money is going to global Southern based organizations.
PeiYao Chen, Global Fund for Women (GFW)
PeiYao, Director of Learning, Evaluation and Impact at GFW went over data gleaned from over 3,000 organizations located all over the world. The preliminary analysis of this data revealed important information on funding trends for women's rights including:
- Grant sizes from donors are increasing as is restricted funding (funding given for a specific project or purpose - not flexible).
- However, women's rights organizations cannot meet all the donor criteria and these funds are thus inaccessible to them.
- Global Fund for Women provides flexible grants for transformative women's rights work. Each year, Global Fund for Women receives over 2,500 proposals but only has enough funding to support 20% of the proposals showing that there is a high demand and need for the type of funding Global Fund for Women provides.
Alexandra Pittman, Impact Mapper
Alexandra, creator of the Impact Mapper, explained how the Impact Mapper is a newly developed online tool that bridges the needs of donors and social justice organizations by tracking, aggregating and visualizing social change data and stories.
- The creation of Impact Mapper was driven by the aim of filling in key gaps in the women's rights space, and more broadly in the social justice space. These gaps include: the sheer amount of stories that hold rich qualitative data on social change that is unanalyzed; long-term transformative social change data is typically not in quantitative form and can be difficult to communicate to donors; and both organizations and donors need monitoring and evaluation tools to be strategic and learn what is working and not working.
- Impact Mapper aims to bridge the monitoring and communication functions in an organization so the organization can effectively track and communicate evidence-based trends to their community, to relevant stakeholders and to donors.
From AWID, Kamardip Singh and Nerea Craviotto covered two tools developed by the Resourcing Women's Rights team to influence and shape funding availability.
Kamardip, who focuses on building tools to support women's rights organizations and movements, walked through the recently launched WITM Toolkit, a how-to-guide on adapting AWID's research methodology on funding trends. The WITM Toolkit allows anyone to adapt the guide for specialized research which is an effective advocacy tool to direct higher quantity and quality funding towards women's rights. For example, the Toolkit was highlighted as a potential tool to reveal funding trends related to sexual and reproductive health and rights, but can also be adapted to as a research and advocacy tool for not only issues, but also populations (for example, disabled women) or geographies (for example, Central Asia).
Nerea, lead advocacy coordinator for the Resourcing Women's Right's team, explained the development and importance of the FundHer Scorecard. The FundHer Scorecard is a framework that aims at assessing the quality and quantity of funders' giving towards gender equality and women's rights. With the results of the FundHer Scorecard, funders can evaluate their funding strategies towards supporting gender equality and women's rights, including women's rights organizing. Also, based on _TAG_ Scorecard results feminist and women's rights organization can build a dialogue with the funding community that could lead to a shift in the funding policies and practices that better contribute to advance, respect, protect and fulfill women's rights and promote gender justice.
Follow the _TAG_ conversation on Twitter


certain that a choice is correct without writing some code to test out your hypothesis.
That is why so many players express deep skepticism when they see other players answer questions correctly in 20 seconds that they take over 100 seconds to sort through.
So, yes, by all means, write some code, test out the choices, and learn about the features of PL/SQL in a way that will stick in your brain (the reinforcement of typing out the code will help lots).
Cheers, Steven