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The Unhappiest Country In The World
Moldovans are the unhappiest people in the world. That's according to data from the World Values Survey, whose researchers interviewed tens of thousands of people in over 60 countries during the last decade. Only 44% of people in Moldova said they were happy, the lowest proportion of all the countries surveyed. Is Moldova really such an unhappy place, and why?
These statistics from the World Values Survey are often quoted in a growing body of academic research into what causes happiness, and what implications there are for public policy. Often the answers to the "are you happy?" question are averaged with those to another, slightly different question – "are you satisfied with your life?" – to produce a broader measure called subjective well-being. Moldova comes out bottom on this count, too.
Source: World Values Surveys,
So what does cause happiness? Your instinctive response might be "money, of course" – and you'd be right, but only up to a point. A glance at the table shows that the unhappy countries are much poorer than the happy ones. But when you plot subjective well-being against a country's average income on a graph, you find there's a strong relationship up to a certain point – around $10,000 per year – but after that the relationship breaks down. Even more income doesn't make you even happier.
Of course, Moldova isn't anywhere near that point yet. But poverty can't be the whole story. There are countries even poorer than Moldova which are nonetheless much happier: Nigeria and Bangladesh, for example, have a lower average income than Moldova but their happiness rates are 81% and 85% respectively. Brazilians are only slightly better off than Moldovans, but 83% of them are happy. A whopping 93% of people in the Philippines consider themselves happy, despite income levels on a par with Moldova.
Nigeria, Brazil, Bangladesh and the Philippines are warm and sunny places, so might harsh Moldovan winters be at fault? That hardly seems plausible when you consider that the happiest place in the world is Iceland.
Could it be that language problems are to blame? Perhaps the word "happiness" translates differently in Bangladesh and the Philippines than it does in Moldova, leading people to apply different standards. This is a possibility, but the evidence is against it: French-speaking Swiss people are happier than French people, Italian speakers in Switzerland are happier than Italians, and Swiss who speak German are happier than Germans. This suggests that it's not something about what language they speak that makes Swiss people happy, but something about living in Switzerland.
Perhaps Moldovans were asked at a bad time. The data collected from different countries was not all gathered simultaneously, and that for Moldova came from a survey in 1995, arguably at the height of the difficulties caused by the transition from the Soviet era. But another, more comprehensive survey carried out in 2001 by a different organization suggests little has changed: Moldovans were slightly happier, 51% compared to 44%, but still came out bottom of the eight former Soviet states surveyed (Ukraine and Belarus were next most unhappy, at 53% and 60% respectively; Moldova seems to be the worst-hit victim of some kind of regional malaise).
It must be in political history where much of the answer lies, as all the other countries towards the bottom of the happiness list had also lived under communism. While it's easy to find examples of happy and poor countries, it's hard to find former communist states among them, Azerbaijan (78%) being the best candidate. The happiest states with a communist history, such as Poland (86%), the former East Germany (79%) and Hungary (78%), tend also to be the ones which have made the most economic progress.
Even then, they are less happy than other countries with similar income levels but without a communist past. As Ronald Inglehart and Hans-Dieter Klingemann, two of the leading academic researchers into the data on happiness, note: "Virtually all societies that experienced communist rule show relatively low levels of subjective well-being, even when compared with societies at a much lower economic level."
Were people happier under communism? That's a difficult question to answer because only one survey of happiness was conducted in the Soviet Union. But the data from this survey suggests so. The Tambov region of Russia, the only part surveyed in the Soviet era, recorded 64% happiness in 1981 and only 47% in 1995. (The answers to the "satisfaction" question are even starker, down from 76% to 25% in the same period.) The only other country surveyed while under a communist regime was Hungary, 78% happy in 1981, dipping to 68% as communism ended in 1990 and back up to 78% by 1998. ("Satisfaction", though, continued to decline: from 71% to 56% to 52%).
While inhabitants of both Hungary and Tambov were significantly unhappier in 1981 than those of other states with similar income levels, the ending of communism made them even less happy. It seems reasonable to think the same historical pattern of happiness will be true for Moldova.
So what is it about life after communism that causes such misery? The increase in poverty is an obvious reason: according to the United Nations Development Program, the incidence of poverty in Moldova increased from 2.1% to 40.6% between 1991 and 1993. But there are other reasons. Unemployment and lack of job security are strongly correlated with unhappiness, and both increased markedly with the end of communism.
Health is another strong contributor to happiness. (Although, interestingly, "self-reported" health – how healthy you think you are – is much more closely related to happiness than "objective" health, or how healthy a doctor thinks you are. Having a positive outlook on your health seems to be the biggest factor). The ending of communism took a toll on Moldovans' health. Again according to the UNDP, the general mortality rate increased from 9.7 persons per 1000 in 1990 to 12.2 in 1995, and the infant mortality rate from 19.0 in 1990 to 22.6 four years later. In 1994, 26,300 people were treated at Moldovan medical institutions, down from 69,500 in 1980, presumably because the escalating costs of medical treatment led to more illnesses going untreated rather than because there were fewer illnesses needing treatment.
As noted in a strategy paper issued by the British government, inequality also makes people unhappy – in Europe, at least; Americans say they don't mind it so much. Assuming Moldovans share the European cultural preference for more equal societies, the rapid increases in inequality that accompanied the transition from communism must have increased levels of unhappiness.
The same paper notes that the quality of a country's governance also affects happiness; in particular, there is evidence that the more democracy and political freedoms people enjoy, the happier they are. In theory, the increase in political freedom and democracy after communism should have made Moldovans happier, but in practice it is arguable that the overall quality of governance may not have improved or may even have deteriorated. Corruption of public officials is also strongly correlated with unhappiness. And there are exceptions to the freedom rule: China, although a highly authoritarian society, has relatively high levels of subjective well-being.
Finally, there is a strong relationship between how happy people are and how much control they feel they have over their lives. As Inglehart, Klingemann and Chris Welzel point out: " In each of 148 national representative surveys, conducted in diverse societies ranging from Uganda to China, Iran, Brazil, Sweden and Poland, there is a strong correlation between people's perception of how much choice they have in shaping their lives, and their level of life satisfaction." The lack of choice under communism may well explain why communist societies were more unhappy than others with similar incomes, but the uncertainties that accompanied the transition from communism may actually have led people to feel even less in control of their destinies.
At an individual level, there are other factors to be considered. Marriage has a big effect on an individual's happiness – equivalent to an increase of over $100,000 in annual income, according to one estimate. Religious people are slightly happier, as are those who exercise or play sport. But differences in marital status, income, job satisfaction, health and so on explain surprisingly little of the variations in people's levels of subjective well-being. A large amount of our propensity to be happy seems to be beyond our personal control, coded in our genetic inheritance.
A study of over 3,000 twins (Lykken and Tellegen, 1996) showed that identical twins report similar levels of happiness regardless of their life experiences, whereas non-identical twins – who shared a womb, but have different genes – do not. These studies suggest that around 45-50% of happiness is genetic. How happy your identical twin is, or even how happy your identical twin was ten years ago, is a much better predictor of your happiness than your income, education or social status. If you're prone to unhappiness – or happiness – you may simply have been born that way.
Genetic differences can't explain national differences, though: happiness levels within nations are known to have changed far more quickly than could possibly be explained by genes. It's implausible that there could be a disproportionate tendency to misery in the Moldovan


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reduction in the region. As a result, a Risk Reduction Network for the Caribbean Heritage was created.
- The International Training Course on Disaster Risk Management of Cultural Heritage (Ritsumeikan University, Japan, 2006, 2007 and 2008)
In the framework of an Agreement signed between UNESCO and the Ritsumeikan University of Kyoto (Japan), and the establishment therein of a UNESCO Chair on Risk Management of Cultural Heritage, a two-week training course is organised every year around the month of November, in cooperation with the World Heritage Centre and ICCROM, and ICOMOS. The course provides interdisciplinary training for heritage professionals involved in the conservation of World Heritage properties in undertaking integrated risk assessments, analysing the vulnerability of cultural heritage to various hazards, and develop disaster risk management plans for their sites.
- Integrating Traditional Knowledge Systems and Concern for Cultural and Natural Heritage into Risk Management Strategies (International Disaster Reduction Conference, Davos, Switzerland, 2006)
A special session organised in the International Disaster Reduction Conference by the World Heritage Centre and ICCROM. The purposes of the special session were to promote the integration of the traditional knowledge systems into risk management strategies and to integrate concerns for cultural heritage into broader national and regional risk management plans.
- Special Thematic Session on Risk Management for Cultural Heritage (UN World Conference on Disaster Reduction, Kobe, Japan, 2005)
Co-organised by the World Heritage Centre and the Agency of Cultural Affairs of Japan. It stressed the importance to integrate concern for cultural heritage and traditional knowledge into sustainable development goals and disaster reduction policies and mechanisms in order to effectively reduce the impact of disasters.
International Assistance under the World Heritage Fund
The Convention provides International Assistance to States Parties for the protection of the world cultural and natural heritage located on their territories and inscribed, or potentially suitable for inscription on the World Heritage List. International Assistance has been provided to States Parties in order to respond to disasters and to protect the World Heritage sites from disasters in two forms.
The policies for the use of the Emergency Assistance Funds are described in paragraph 241 of the Operational Guidelines. According to this paragraph, "This assistance may be requested to address ascertained or potential threats facing properties included on the List of World Heritage in Danger and the World Heritage List which have suffered severe damage or are in imminent danger of severe damage due to sudden, unexpected phenomena. Such phenomena may include land subsidence, extensive fires, explosions, flooding or man-made disasters including war. This assistance does not concern cases of damage or deterioration caused by gradual processes of decay, pollution or erosion...."
In light of this paragraph, it is therefore understood that Emergency Assistance should be provided only in cases when an imminent danger related to a natural or human-made disaster is threatening the overall Outstanding Universal Value of a World Heritage property, to prevent or mitigate its possible negative impact on the site. Emergency assistance could be provided also to assess whether or not such imminent danger is present, for example as a result of a major disaster. When, on the contrary, due to a disaster, a certain loss of heritage has already taken place, but there is no more imminent threat or risk that must be addressed as a matter of urgency, other forms of assistance would appear to be more appropriate (e.g. Conservation and Management Assistance - see below).
Further guidance on the use of Emergency Assistance can be found in Annex 9, "Evaluation Criteria of the Advisory Bodies for International Assistance Requests" of the Operational Guidelines.
- Post-Earthquake Assistance for the Field Investigation and Rehabilitation of the Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries (China)
After the earthquake in Sichuan, China in 2008 that severely damaged the ecological system of Panda Sanctuaries, the International Assistance was granted to a project to help the management agency effectively deal with the post-earthquake situation, including disaster evaluation of the sites, needs assessment and re-building of capacity of the site management authority. The project aimed to (1) carry out detailed assessment of damage to the site from the earthquake through a rapid assessment of the risks and needs, (2) make detailed plan for reconstruction of the earthquake affected, and (3) support restoring the management capacity of the site.
- Emergency assistance request for Galapagos Islands (Ecuador)
The emergency assistance request is to assist Ecuadorian authorities to mitigate the negative environmental impacts caused by the oil tanker accident that took place on 16th January 2001 near San Cristobal Island, in the archipelago of Galapagos. Project activities included, among others, (1) Efforts to collect the majority of the oil leaked into the sea, (2) reinforce the circle around the tanker in order to control the oil from spreading, (3) collection of the majority of the oil manually, using absorbing cloths and dispersants in the affected area, (4) monitoring of the sensible species affected by oil, for example sea-lions, marine birds, sea turtles and iguanas.
Contrary to Emergency Assistance, when a certain loss of heritage has already taken place due to a disaster but there is no more imminent threat or risk that must be addressed as a matter or urgency, other forms of assistance could be considered more appropriate, such as for Conservation and Management. The principles regulating the awarding of this type of assistance are outlined in paragraph 241 of the Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention.
- Annual Seminary Workshop on Cultural Heritage Risk Prevention for the Caribbean and Central America (Dominican Republic)
International Assistance was granted to the Dominican Republic in 2002 in order to help to hold a follow-up meeting of a workshop on Risk Prevention for the Caribbean and Central America, which was organised in 1998, following damages caused by Hurricane George. This seminary workshop aimed to (1) improve the capacity of site managers, (2) integrate risk prevention in the official national programs, (3) improve preparation techniques for natural and human caused disasters, and (4) elaborate guidelines for risk prevention in specific sites.
The Prince Claus Fund is a Dutch foundation aiming at increasing cultural awareness as well as promoting exchange between culture and development.
With this intention, the foundation initiated the Cultural Emergency Response (CER) program in 2003, which provides grants to conduct basic repairs and to prevent further damage on cultural heritage.
In time of emergency, it is crucial to respond to threats as rapidly as possible.
In addition to International Assistance, UNESCO World Heritage Centre together with Fauna & Flora International (FFI) and the United Nations Foundation have been operating the Rapid Response Facility (RRF) since 2006. It is a mechanism to rapidly provide grants (up to 30,000 USD) to respond to threats to biodiversity in natural World Heritage sites. Grants can be evaluated and provided within eight working days.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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A group of School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering researchers has received support for an international project to improve lightweight metals for use in the transportation industry.
Working with researchers in Qatar and through Texas A&M University, the researchers, including Hussein Zbib and David Field, professors in the WSU School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, have received support from that nation's national research foundation to better understand and improve the behavior of high strength steel and magnesium.
Leaders in Qatar have invested heavily in recent years in research and education. Led by Princess Sheikha Mozah, Qatar established an Education City to promote research and education, which includes several U.S. university branch campuses. Invited to submit a proposal by WSU alumnus Eyad Masad ('95 MS, '98 PhD Civil Engineering), Zbib has been working with Qatar-based, Texas A&M University researchers.
Their first project involved improving magnesium alloys for automotive applications. Magnesium is very lightweight, strong, and less dense than other metals, such as steel and aluminum. It is also the world's fourth most abundant element. Magnesium alloys are commonly used in the manufacturing of cell phones, laptops, cameras, and other electronic components. Increasing its use in automotive applications could reduce the weight of cars by as much 37 percent, dramatically increasingly their fuel efficiency, says Zbib.
While magnesium is used in some automotive parts, however, it has significant problems with corrosion. It is brittle and can crack easily.
The researchers, including Zbib, Field, and doctoral students Hesam Askari and John Young from WSU, and Ghassan Kridli, Georges Ayoub, and Ana Rodriguez from Texas A&M-Qatar, focused on expanding the use of magnesium for eventual use in auto body parts, such as the chassis. By manipulating the microstructure of the material, they worked to increase the ability of the material to be formed into complex shapes. In particular, the researchers looked at the material's characterization, processing, and forming.
"This work will have significant applications in the auto industry in the next decade," says Zbib.
In a separate project, Zbib received support to do research in advanced high strength steel. As a building material, steel's important properties include its strength and ductility, or how much it can stretch before it breaks. Unfortunately, the two properties work against each other, so that as a steel alloy gets stronger, its ductility decreases. Zbib's group is increasing both the strength and ductility of steel by manipulating the material's microstructure through thermo-mechanical processes.
Zbib is also using multiscale modeling to better understand the impacts of microstructure changes at the macro-scale, which could lead to better steel design.
Engineering increasingly requires understanding of materials from the nanoto macro-scale. Researchers have to be able to look at the atomic level of materials and know how materials behave in a full-scale dam or airplane. With the help of multiscale modeling to predict materials' behavior, researchers and manufacturers can design a material, rather than using a traditional trial and error approach.
"We are working to take our understanding of the mechanical properties at the atomic level to help us understand and design for the macro-scale," says Zbib.
In This Issue
Making Room for More
- Nuclear Security Fellowship
- Student Club Updates
- Scholarships Make a Difference
- In Memoriam: Clayton Crowe

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Quick Answer: Are Gametophytes Vascular?
What is an example of a gametophyte?
Examples of Gametophytes The fern you imagine when you think of Jurassic Park or a forest floor is a gametophyte.
The graceful, fringed leaves are haploid – meaning they have only one set of chromosomes and produce sex cells through mitosis, like all gametophyte plants..
How can you tell if a plant is vascular or nonvascular?
Vascular vs Nonvascular Plants The main difference between vascular and nonvascular plants is that a vascular plant has vascular vessels to carry water and food to all the different parts of the plant. The phloem is the vessel that transports food and the xylem is the vessel that transports water.
What are the 3 types of non vascular plant?
Nonvascular plants, also known as bryophytes, are small, simple plants without a vascular system. They are divided into three different types, including mosses, liverworts, and hornworts.
Are Sporophytes asexual?
Are spores Gametophytes?
Are bryophytes vascular?
Bryophytes are an informal grouping of three kinds of non-vascular plants: mosses (the largest group), liverworts, and hornworts. Bryophytes are distinct from other land plants (the "tracheophytes") because they do not contain xylem, the tissue used by vascular plants to transport water internally.
What is difference between Sporophyte and Gametophyte?
The plant's haploid phase is called gametophyte and the diploid phase is called the sporophyte….Difference Between Gametophyte and SporophyteSporophytesGametophytesResults in the formation of sporesResults in the production of gametes5 more rows•Sep 28, 2020
What are the two types of Gametophytes?
These spores develop into two distinct types of gametophytes; one type produces sperm and the other produces eggs. The male gametophyte develops reproductive organs called antheridia (produce sperm) and the female gametophyte develops archegonia (produce eggs).
Are spores dangerous?
The spores of a large number of important fungi are less than 5 microm aerodynamic diameter, and therefore are able to enter the lungs. … Diseases associated with inhalation of fungal spores include toxic pneumonitis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, tremors, chronic fatigue syndrome, kidney failure, and cancer.
What are spores in food?
Sporeforming bacteria that are present in foods are important because the formation of the spore by the bacterium allows it to be resistant to heat, freezing, chemicals, and other adverse environments that our food undergoes during processing and preparation.
How tall is the Sporophyte stage?
Their sporophytes are made up of leafy stems and they do not reach more than 30 centimeters in height.
Are Sporophytes vascular?
The life cycle of the fern. The sporophytes of all conifers are trees or shrubs. … Thus, in the higher (i.e., vascular) plants the sporophyte is the dominant phase in the life cycle, whereas in the more primitive nonvascular plants (bryophytes) the gametophyte remains dominant.
What made vascular plants grow taller than lower vascular plants?
Vascular plants evolved stems made of vascular tissues and lignin. Because of lignin, stems are stiff, so plants can grow high above the ground where they can get more light and air. Because of their vascular tissues, stems keep even tall plants supplied with water so they don't dry out in the air.
What are the 3 types of vascular plants?
The ferns, gymnosperms, and flowering plants are all vascular plants. Because they possess vascular tissues, these plants have true stems, leaves, and roots.
What is an example for Sporophyte?
The definition of a sporophyte is a mature phase in the life cycle of plants and some algae that produce spores. An example of sporophyte is a mature fern plant.
Do virus have spores?
Spores, however, though not obvious at first glance are produced by living organisms often as reproductive (Sexual or Asexual) materials. Organisms known for producing Spores include bacteria, fungi, protists and some plants. … So, to answer your question: No, Viruses do not produce spores.
Are ferns vascular?
Fern Reproduction. Ferns are seedless, vascular plants. … The first type of vascular tissue, xylem, is responsible for moving water and nutrients throughout the plant. As the xylem cells reach maturity they die, losing their cellular contents.
Do Gametophytes have vascular tissue?
Unlike the vascular sporophytes, the gametophytes have no vascular tissue at all. These gametophytes are therefore very small, and develop best in moist areas, where they can absorb water directly from their surroundings.
Are dandelions vascular?
Dandelions and lady ferns have vascular tissue for the transport of materials. They have leaves, (although differently shaped), stems and roots. The dandelion uses a tap root and the lady fern absorbs material via a fibrous root system. … The dandelion has an above ground stem.
Is Sunflower a vascular plant?
A Sunflower is also a vascular plant. It's stem carries nutrients and water throughout the plant. You can find Sunflowers commonly. Sunflowers can grow to be as tall as two African Elephants stacked.
Why are bryophytes non vascular?
In all bryophytes, the primary plants are the haploid gametophytes, with the only diploid portion being the attached sporophyte, consisting of a stalk and sporangium. Because these plants lack lignified water-conducting tissues, they can't become as tall as most vascular plants.


Beware the fury of a patient man
This page is about the saying "Beware the fury of a patient man".
Possible interpretation: The implication is that the anger of people who are normally slow to anger is, when it eventually comes, terrible.
Note: beware (verb) = be careful about; be cautious; be aware of the dangers | fury (noun) = violent anger | patient (adj.) = able to wait without getting angry | Compare: "Patience provoked turns to fury."
Origin: Quotation from Publilius Syrus, a Latin writer of maxims in the 1st century BC. In the 17th century, British poet and dramatist John Dryden used it in "Absalom and Achitophel", generally considered to be the greatest political poem in the English language:
Must I at length the Sword of Justice draw?
Oh curst Effects of necessary Law!
How ill my Fear they by my Mercy scan,
Beware the Fury of a Patient Man.
Quick Quiz:
The saying "Beware the fury of a patient man" warns us
a. not to be impatient
b. not to push impatient people too far
c. not to push patient people too far
Saying of the Day
This entry is in the following categories:
Contributor: Josef Essberger


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Understanding the potential implications of advances in science and technology (S&T) for the operation of the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) is a key task for the ConventionI. The lack of a commonly accepted method for assessing relevant risks presents significant challenges, however. In addition, a framework to assess the potential benefits arising from S&T could similarly inform the Convention. Qualitative frameworks have features that make them amenable to serving as tools to foster systematic discussions, reveal areas of agreement and disagreement, and provide a basis for continuing dialogue. The InterAcademy Partnership (IAP) and the US National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine collaborated on a pilot exercise to examine how two qualitative frameworks could facilitate structured discussions of advances in S&T using BWC-relevant case examples. In a pilot exercise on 1 August 2019, participants worked through these frameworks and discussed areas in which they could be adapted to help support the BWC.
Other Authoring Institutions


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et al., 2017). Here, we conducted an in-depth investigation on neural correlates of sticky sensations by employing a multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA) on the same dataset. In particular, we statistically compared multi-variate neural activities in response to the three groups of sticky stimuli: A supra-threshold group including a set of sticky stimuli that evoked vivid sticky perception; an infra-threshold group including another set of sticky stimuli that barely evoked sticky perception; and a sham group including acrylic stimuli with no physically sticky property. Searchlight MVPAs were performed to search for local activity patterns carrying neural information of stickiness perception. Similar to the uni-variate GLM results, significant multi-variate neural activity patterns were identified in postcentral gyrus, subcortical (basal ganglia and thalamus), and insula areas (insula and adjacent areas). Moreover, MVPAs revealed that activity patterns in posterior parietal cortex discriminated the perceptual intensities of stickiness, which was not present in the uni-variate analysis. Next, we applied a principal component analysis (PCA) to the voxel response patterns within identified clusters so as to find low-dimensional neural representations of stickiness intensities. Follow-up clustering analyses clearly showed separate neural grouping configurations between the Supraand Infra-threshold groups. Interestingly, this neural categorization was in line with the perceptual grouping pattern obtained from the psychophysical data. Our findings thus suggest that different stickiness intensities would elicit distinct neural activity patterns in the human brain and may provide a neural basis for the perception and categorization of tactile stickiness. PMID:28936171
Full Text Available Alexander Maier,1 Michele A Cox,1 Kacie Dougherty,1 Brandon Moore,1 David A Leopold2 1Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; 2Section on Cognitive Neurophysiology and Imaging, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA Abstract: The mammalian neocortex features distinct anatomical variation in its tangential and radial extents. This review consolidates previously published findings from our group in order to compare and contrast the spatial profile of neural activity coherence across these distinct cortical dimensions. We focus on studies of ongoing local field potential (LFP data obtained simultaneously from multiple sites in the primary visual cortex in two types of experiments in which electrode contacts were spaced either along the cortical surface or at different laminar positions. These studies demonstrate that across both dimensions the coherence of ongoing LFP fluctuations diminishes as a function of interelectrode distance, although the nature and spatial scale of this falloff is very different. Along the cortical surface, the overall LFP coherence declines gradually and continuously away from a given position. In contrast, across the cortical layers, LFP coherence is discontinuous and compartmentalized as a function of depth. Specifically, regions of high LFP coherence fall into discrete superficial and deep laminar zones, with an abrupt discontinuity between the granular and infragranular layers. This spatial pattern of ongoing LFP coherence is similar when animals are at rest and when they are engaged in a behavioral task. These results point to the existence of partially segregated laminar zones of cortical processing that extend tangentially within the laminar compartments and are thus oriented orthogonal to the cortical columns. We interpret these electrophysiological observations in light of the known anatomical organization of
Lin, Yingyi; Tremblay, Mark S; Katzmarzyk, Peter T; Fogelholm, Mikael; Hu, Gang; Lambert, Estelle V; Maher, Carol; Maia, Jose; Olds, Timothy; Sarmiento, Olga L; Standage, Martyn; Tudor-Locke, Catrine; Chaput, Jean-Philippe
The purpose of this multinational and cross-sectional study was to investigate whether nighttime sleep duration was associated with physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (SED) the following day, whether daytime PA/SED were associated with sleep duration the subsequent night, and whether the associations were modified by sex and study sites. Data from 5779 children aged 9-11years were analyzed. A waist-worn Actigraph GT3X+ accelerometer was used to assess children's 24-h movement behaviours for 7days, i.e. sleep duration, total SED, light-intensity physical activity (LPA), and moderateto vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA). Multilevel linear regression models were used to account for the repeated measures nested within participants (there were up to 7 sleep→PA/SED and PA/SED→sleep pairings per participant) and schools, and adjusted for covariates. To facilitate interpretation, all sleep and PA/SED variables were standardized. Results showed that the relationship between sleep and PA/SED is bi-directional in this international sample of children. Specifically, for each one standard deviation (SD) unit increase in sleep duration, SED the following day decreased by 0.04 SD units, while LPA and MVPA increased by 0.04 and 0.02 SD units, respectively. Sleep duration decreased by 0.02 SD units and increased by 0.04 SD units for each one SD unit increase in SED and MVPA, respectively. Sleep duration was not affected by changes in LPA. These associations differed across sex and study sites in both directions. However, since the observed effect sizes are subtle, public health initiatives should consider the clinical and practical relevance of these findings. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Full Text Available What is the function of sleep in humans? One claim is that sleep consolidates learning. Slow wave activity (SWA, i.e. slow oscillations of frequency < 4 Hz, has been observed in electroencephalograms (EEG during sleep; it increases with prior wakefulness and decreases with sleep. Studies have claimed that increase in SWA in specific regions of the sleeping brain is correlated with overnight improved performance, i.e. overnight consolidation, on a demanding motor learning task. We wondered if SWA change during sleep is attributable to overnight consolidation or to metabolic demand. Participants executed out-and-back movements to a target using a pen-like cursor with their dominant hand while the target and cursor position were displayed on a screen. They trained on three different conditions on separate nights, differing in the amount and degree of rotation between the actual hand movement direction and displayed cursor movement direction. In the no-rotation (NR condition, there was no rotation. In the single rotation (SR condition, the amount of rotation remained the same throughout, and performance improved both across pre-sleep training and after sleep, i.e. overnight consolidation occurred; in the random rotation (RR condition, the amount of rotation varied randomly from trial to trial, and no overnight consolidation occurred; SR and RR were cognitively demanding. The average EEG power density of SWA for the first 30 min. of non-rapid eye movement sleep after training was computed. Both SR and RR elicited increase in SWA in the parietal region; furthermore, the topographic distribution of SWA in each was remarkably similar. No correlation was found between the overnight performance improvement on SR and the SWA change in the parietal region on measures of learning. Our results argue that regulation of SWA in early sleep is associated with high levels of cognitive effort during prior wakefulness, and not just overnight consolidation.
Full Text Available Background: Pediatric overweight and obesity has become a major public health problem in China. The goal of this study is to understand overweight and obesity in preschool children in Changsha City in the context of their sleep and physical activity. These results offer feasible proposals to reduce levels of overweight and obesity among preschool children. Methods: A total of 112 preschoolers aged three to six years old were investigated using multiple stage stratified cluster sampling and simple random sampling. Questionnaires were used to collect general information about children and their families. Body mass index (BMI was used as an indicator of overweight and obesity. Ageand sex-specific cutoff values for Chinese children and adolescents were used to determine child weight status. Children's sedentary time was reported by caregivers, while physical activity and sleep were recorded using fitness bracelets (Misfit Shine 2. Results: The prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity were 15.2% and 9.8% respectively. Preschool-aged children travelled 11,111 ± 3357 and 10,350 ± 2973 steps per day on weekdays and weekends respectively. The number of daily steps was not statistically different between weekdays and weekends. The amount of time spent daily doing vigorous activity on weekdays and weekends was significantly different, with an average time of 20.5 ± 31.6 min and 10.3 ± 15.3 min respectively (p = 0.002. Furthermore, 10.7% and 50.9% of children used screens for more than two hours on weekdays and weekends respectively (p < 0.001. Children slept for significantly longer on weekends (8.3 ± 0.9 h than on weekdays (8.1 ± 0.7 h (p = 0.037. A significantly higher proportion of students also fell asleep before 10:00 p.m. on weekends (26.8% compared to weekdays (15.2% (p < 0.001. Parent's BMI values were positively correlated with child BMI, the monthly household income was negatively associated with child BMI. Male children were
Lee, Michael L; Katsuyama, Ângela M; Duge, Leanne S; Sriram, Chaitra; Krushelnytskyy, Mykh


UW Brand
With so many incredible stories to tell, it can be tough to know where to start. Here's a quick guide to help you craft content that will meet your communication objectives while staying under the umbrella of the UW brand.
 1. Choose your story: Identify a story from your college, unit or department that demonstrates at least one of the four brand pillars.
 2. Narrow your story's lens: Use the brand tenets as a guide for shaping your story. You can use a tenet as a headline or subhead, or just use it as a source of inspiration for how you communicate your story.
 3. Apply brand personality and tone of voice: Embody the UW personality and tone of voice through your word choice, syntax and style. Check that your language is personable, engaging and clear (see below for tips on how to achieve this), not stuffy or didactic.
Editorial tips
In addition to the personality traits and tone of voice as well as the writing on brand section, here are some general editorial guidelines to help you write content that showcases your story while remaining on brand.
 - Lead with personal stories and connections. We want to sound human, not institutional. And we want people — including prospective students, current students, alumni and the public — to identify with what we're saying. Sharing stories of the people behind the UW helps us do that. If you're talking about a specific program, for example, include who is participating and how people are benefitting rather than simply sharing facts about the program itself. Delve into who, not just what.
 - Address the impact. We tackle a lot of issues, big and small. And as a result, we impact a lot of lives. So, don't just talk about the challenges we're addressing; talk about how people are affected as a result. Again, connect on a personal level by incorporating issues of shared human concern.
 - Give examples. Whenever possible, be specific. Provide compelling, vivid details and adhere to that old writing adage: Show, don't tell.


Friday, November 28, 2008
Emotional Overdraft
Emotional Overdraft
Steven Covey, author of the Book "Seven Habits of Highly Effective People", used the analogy of a bank account to explain why some people feel emotionally depleted and react in very negative ways. Bank accounts have a certain amount of money. When you put money in that is called a deposit. When you take money out that is called a withdrawal. You withdraw too much money and you end up with very little money or none at all. In fact, sometimes you withdraw so much you take more than what you have. When this happens you have over drafted your bank account. Banks typically charge fees when this happen, so you end up owing more than what you took.
Covey says our emotions work similarly. Covey says that when you do something good to someone it is akin to a deposit, but when you do something wrong is akin to a withdrawal. If you do enough wrong things you can end with an emotional over-draft.
Rejecting a gift can be considered the wrong thing to do. This is a withdrawal to the giver's emotional bank account. Depending on the gift and what it means to the giver, you could end up with an emotional overdraft. As banks, you may end up with higher "fees", so you have to deposit a lot of the right things, to cover what you did wrong and the fees attached to it.
When we reject God's gift, we not only make a withdrawal, we also create an overdraft situation that can never be repaid. What is God's gift to us? In Ephesians 2:8 it refers to our salvation,
In Romans 6:23 it refers to the eternal life we receive in and through Christ,
In Romans 5:15 – 18 it refers to Christ and all that we are given in and through Him: grace, justification, righteousness, and eternal life,
In John 4:10 Jesus tells the woman at the Well in Samaria that it is Living water,
What is living water? The answer to that is in John 7: 38 -39
John 7: 38He that believeth on me, as the scripture hath said, out of his belly shall flow rivers of living water.
The apostle Peter is very direct in calling the Holy Spirit a gift,
Acts 10:45 And they of the circumcision which believed were astonished, as many as came with
Reject any of these and you reject them all. It is a packaged deal. You cannot choose one of them. Rejecting them grieves God. He gave them to you because He loves you. Rejecting the gift of God is so great an emotional withdrawal to Him it creates an overdraft situation in His emotional bank account. You are precious to Him and so is His gift to you. Will you appreciate His gift? Will you accept it? Will you take it?
Friday, November 21, 2008
Overshadowed By God
Overshadowed By God
A shadow is a region of darkness where light is blocked. It occupies all of the space behind an opaque object with light in front of it. What shape and size the shadow will have depends on the angle between the source of light, the object creating the shadow and the surface where the shadow is projected. Also, the wider the light source, the more blurred the shadow. The opposite is also true. Lastly, the brighter the light the darker is the shadow.
One of the most famous references of a shadow is found in Psalm 23:4.
Allegedly it is a literal place where many shepherd and sheep died. The place was probably considered cursed or forsaken of God. David was saying that walking in this place with God is safer than the top of the mountain alone. Not only was it safer, David felt safer also. This was so, because, even in the darkest times, God's presence was comforting to David. Not all that happens in darkness is bad; babies are conceived in a dark cavern of the female's body. In this cavern they develop until they are ready to leave.
The verb to Overshadow means, to cast a shadow over; darken or obscure. It may be that in your darkest moment the Spirit is overshadowing you. Someone said that when it seems to be the darkest for you, it is not that God has left you, but that He is the closest to you, blessing you. Because, His light can consume you in such proximity, He covers Himself from you; which is why it seems very dark to you. When the Lord overshadows you miracles happen. In the case of Mary, Christ was conceived. We read this in Luke 1:34-35,
You may not conceive a baby when God overshadows you. However, a new you in Jesus may be born (John 3:3; 2 Corinthians 5:17). If the darkness is from God, the clue is to stay still and to trust God to do His work. We tend to run from the darkness because fear kicks in. But, there is no fear in Faith. When in our darkest times of tribulation and trials we learn to trust and depend totally on God. God will miraculously carry us through the trial, and we glorify His name. We may not understand how He did what He did. But, that's just the point, it is not to understand and prove what God has done, it to trust and believe that it was God who did it, does it and will do it. And, we just stand in awe, with nothing more that a thankful and praiseful heart. We are not to understand God's purpose, but to trust it.
Just like it is not for us to understand the incarnation or the Cross, but to believe and trust that it did happen and it impacts our lives now and forever. After all, as Sister White says, "God's wonderful purpose of grace, the mystery of redeeming love, is the theme into which 'angels desire to look,' and it will be their study throughout endless ages. Both the redeemed and the unfallen beings will find in the cross of Christ their science and their song." The Desire of Ages, pp. 19, 20. Only those who trust God's purpose until the end will have the privilege to study it through out eternity.
Friday, November 14, 2008
The Meaning of the Cross
In the late 1990's Nina was asked to cat and house sit in a Chicago suburban home. Nina enjoyed her stay their. She said it was a lovely home. However, nothing is perfect; there was a disturbing fixture in their living room that she could not figure out. It was a bronze cross with an incomplete bronze figure of a man. Years later she found out that the bronze on the cross was to cover a wooden cross. The man was added by the artist who had covered the cross with bronze to make the cross into a sculpture. The man depicted on the cross was African American.
The cross was originally used by the KKK, a white supremacist group in the USA, as a way of intimidation. They had planted the cross in the grounds of a mostly African American university and burnt it. The KKK said that the burning cross represents Christ as light. The same symbol had different meanings. We will see that it is the same in the Bible.
The sanctuary, its furnishing and the sacrifices all point to Christ and how He would die for us.. The Cross was the instrument used to kill Christ. But, to all groups the cross does not mean the same thing. To the Romans it was an instrument of death and torture for common criminals, run away slaves or seditionists. To the Jews it was a tree, and the crucified hung from the tree; which meant they were accursed of God according to Deuteronomy 21:22-23,
23 his corpse shall not hang all night on the tree, but you shall surely bury him on the same day (for he who is hanged is accursed of God), so that you do not defile your land which the LORD your God gives you as an inheritance. "
So, to the Jews the crucified Jesus hung from a tree accursed of God. As is says in Acts5:30,
Acts 5: 30" The God of our fathers raised up Jesus, whom you had put to death by hanging Him on a cross"
Christ was accursed of God, but not for the reasons the Jews gave, but to fulfill Galatians 3: 13.
Galatians 3:13Christ redeemed us from the curse of the Law, having become a curse for us--for it is written, "CURSED IS EVERYONE WHO HANGS ON A TREE"—
This changes the meaning of the cross: from an instrument of torture and death to an instrument of atonement and redemption. What does the cross say in turn of God? God would rather die for us than to live with out us. This is how much God loves us. How much does He love us?
Let us read the answer in John 3:16
How far did God go? Romans 5: 6-8
Romans 5:7 For scarcely for a righteous man will one die: yet peradventure for a good man some would even dare to die.
Romans 5:8 But God commended his love toward us, in that, while we were yet sinners, Christ died for us.
To which group do you belong? 1 Corinthians 1:18 summarizes the two groups well. It says, For the preaching of the cross is to them that perish foolishness;


Table Of Contents
Last Modified: November 26, 2019
A constant is a fixed piece of data that exists only on the diagram. Use a constant instead of a control when you know that a certain piece of data should always be the same regardless of other parts of your code.
You can use the following types of constants in graphical programming:
 - Universal constant—Represents commonly used values that are always the same, such as pi (π), the speed of light, or the character that represents pressing the Enter key.
 - User-defined constant—Accepts user input. You define the values as you develop the code.
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Q&A |
José Gabriel Macías Montero and José Manuel Soria, scientists with entrepreneurial ambitions
The Collider aims to bridge the gap between science and corporations, encouraging tech-transfer initiatives like those of scientists José Gabriel Macías Montero, Co-Founder of Deep Detection, and José Manuel Soria, Co-founder of Exheus. We spoke to them about their experience as scientists at The Collider and how the programme helped them to launch their two successful businesses.
José Gabriel Macías Montero's company, Deep Detection, develops multispectral x-ray cameras for food and beverage inspection.
Can you explain how you got into biomedical research?
I started off designing microwave circuits for mobiles and satellites before taking an opportunity to work at the High Energy Physics Institute in Barcelona, developing a chip for PET brain scanners.
And how did that lead to the launch of Deep Detection?
Both projects were to do with high-energy particle detection. But, with Deep Detection, we use X-ray detection to discriminate between certain food or drink materials, allowing manufacturers to evaluate how much salt there is in ham – for example – or if there are any contaminants in a drink, or even how ripe fruit is. This allows us to access a lot more information about raw materials, which could revolutionise the food and drinks industry.
What made you choose to collaborate with The Collider?
We knew that our technology had huge potential and we wanted to do something with it. I hadn't heard about the programme before but when I was told about it, I knew it was the missing link and a great opportunity for us.
How has The Collider helped to bridge the gap between science and industry?
It's so difficult to turn science and research into something you can market. There's less of a gap with digital technologies, but for hardware and other systems, there's no road to follow or examples to learn from. Finding investment can be challenging, no matter how good your idea is. You might know for a fact that the market needs you, but how do you get there?
This is where a programme like The Collider comes in, which can offer access to commercial expertise, helping you to develop business operations and get your feet on the ground. They say, 'Your idea is great. Let's see how the market likes it too.'
How did The Collider help to turn your research's practical applications into reality?
The Collider helped us to connect with the market. From day one, they found the project very interesting and the feedback was very positive. In fact, in the first weeks, they contacted sixty different companies and half of those gave an immediate response.
The Collider also taught us to focus on end-users – those companies that might be able to use our inspection machines. We were able to learn about these end-users and how we could target them and bring our technology to market.
What opportunities did you gain from being part of The Collider?
The Collider provides a means to expand your network, allowing you to meet other people and see other projects. You work in a very close environment with other start-ups. This creates a fertile ecosystem for communication and idea generation.
Would you collaborate with The Collider again?
I would recommend it 100% when it comes to bringing science or technology to market. The business professionals at The Collider are very knowledgeable. They are able to say, 'this bit of your project is good but we need to work on this bit…'
José Manuel Soria's platform Exheus provides gene expression analysis and AI for better performance and health.
Can you tell us a bit about the work you do and how you got started?
We started off by investigating the genome of runners. We wanted to see if running a certain distance was healthy or not based on the expression of the genome just before and just after the race.
The research showed that this was a very powerful approach to evaluating health. Today, we are applying this understanding to the general population. It's a remarkable change in our health paradigm. Usually, we study diseases and ill people. With this approach, we study health and healthy people. Why are some people healthy? What are the biological conditions that keep us healthy?
Is there a gap between scientists and industry in your field and why?
There is definitely a gap, especially in the field of personalised medicine. Everyone's talking about it but not many people understand what it is. This is because scientists and business people don't speak the same language.
But The Collider is helping to bridge this gap. Teresa, Exheus Chief Executive Officer and Collider Co-Founder, is a great example. She's a scientist that has made the jump into business. That means we speak the same language.
How did The Collider help to turn your science into a reality?
The Collider helped us to make the transition to the market, giving us access to a network of professionals. We were able to meet other teams and learn how to build a successful company. This network is one of the programme's strongest advantages.
Why is Barcelona a good place to be based for these tech-transfer initiatives?
Barcelona is one of the most important hubs for health companies in Southern Europe. We have some of the most cutting-edge hospitals, health-related companies, and pharmaceutical enterprises. And, of course, good weather!
How was your work with The Collider received within the scientific community in Barcelona?
We had a very good reception from investors. People understand that we need to make personalised medicine a reality today. Last year, we even received an award for our innovative work.
Would you collaborate with The Collider again?
We participated twice with The Collider on two consecutive programmes and we were able to improve the relationship. The Collider did a great job on taking our feedback on board and, the second time we took part, they had changed and adapted the programme to better suit our needs.
It's a great programme for a scientist to get business training and learn to speak the language of business. The programme is bringing together the two distinct worlds of science and industry, and has proven capacity to keep improving, adapting, and changing.


text: The research paper aims to determine the relationship between organizational justice and constructive deviant behavior. Analytical and descriptive design has been adopted to determine the relationship between organizational justice and the various dimensions of deviant behaviours. The sample of the study consisted of 109 employees from the manufacturing firms. The results indicate that the attributes of organizational justice, that is, procedural, informational, and distributive justice significantly differ from the challenging constructive deviant behavior. One of the dimensions of constructive deviant behavior and interpersonal and informational justice significantly differ from the dimension of innovative and interpersonal constructive deviant behavior. The study also reveals that the experience of the employees with respect to their age, number of dependents, marital status, and designation had significant differences with both organizational justice and constructive deviant behavior, and it was also revealed that gender had significant differences with constructive deviant behavior.


text:
Erowid References Database
Fang X, Li W, Gao H, Ma Y, Dong X, & Zheng D.
"Skin hyperpigmentation: a rare presenting symptom of nitrous oxide abuse".
Clinical Toxicology. 2019 Sep 16.
Context: Recreational nitrogen oxide (N2O) abuse can cause nervous system damage. There was a sharp increase in the number of patients with neurological disorders associated with recreational N2O use in China, as recreational N2O use became popular in young people nationwide. Among cases with neurological disorders caused by N2O abuse, a few showed skin hyperpigmentation, which has rarely been reported. We explored the characteristics of hyperpigmentation in N2O abusers to draw the attention of clinicians to this rare cutaneous symptom related to N2O abuse.
METHODS: We retrospectively collected data of patients with neurological disorders related to recreational N2O abuse in Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University from January 2014 to June 2019. Detailed clinical data were gathered from patients who manifested skin pigmentation, including the history of N2O abuse and characteristics of neurological lesions and skin pigmentation.
RESULTS: In total, 66 patients (average age: 22.7 ± 4.5 years, 36 males) with neurological disorders due to N2O abuse were included; four of them (17–23 years old, 1 male) manifested skin hyperpigmenta-tion. The duration of N2O abuse of the four patients ranged from 2 to 24 months, and they all had peripheral neuropathy; the two patients also had subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord. One patient exhibited significant hyperpigmentation throughout the body (trunk, limbs, and face), with no abnormalities in cortisol and other biochemical tests. One patient presented with punctuate pigmentation throughout the trunk. Two patients presented with finger skin pigmentation, especially in the distal phalanxes. Pigmentation after N2O use remitted slowly with vitamin B12 supplementation.
CONCLUSIONS: Skin hyperpigmentation is a rare symptom in N2O abusers, which can distribute locally in hands or diffusely throughout the body. Therefore, attention should be paid to a history of N2O abuse and serum vitamin B12 level should be tested.
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text:
Choose a poetry book, storybook, and non-fiction book to read outside under a shady tree. Can the children identify the books?
R.L. 10 Reading Buddies
Divide children into pairs and let them each choose a favorite book. Go out on the playground, find a shady spot, and enjoy sharing their books with each other.
*Encourage them to ask each other questions about the books they read.
RF. 1.d Alphabet Walk
Write letters on a paved surface with chalk. Challenge the children to step on the letters as they name them. Can they think of something that starts with each sound?
RF. 3.c Word Hopscotch
Draw a hopscotch grid on a paved surface. Write high frequency words in each section. Children hop on the spaces as they read the words.
SL. 2.a Talking Stick
Choose a stick on the playground and then have the children sit in a circle under a tree. Explain that you will start a story. As you pass the stick around, the child holding the stick can add to the story. Only the person holding the stick is allowed to talk. You might want to start a story about the day a space ship landed on the playground or the day animals started to talk.
L.1.e Prepositions on the Move
Using playground equipment, call out various prepositions, such as on, off, over, under, by, between, to, from for the children to demonstrate.
L.5.b We Can Do Opposites
Gather children around playground equipment and tell them you will call out a word. Can they demonstrate the opposite? For example, if the teacher said down, the children would climb up. If the teacher said front, the children would move to the back. Other words could be over, behind, inside, and so forth.
L.5.d Verb Relays
Divide children into relay teams. The teacher names a verb and the children act out the meaning until everyone on their team has completed the movement. For example, you could have them walk, march, strut, prance, and so forth.


bag", arca "trunk", etc.;
 3. on de oder side, what in Portugaw can be cawwed sobretudo "overcoat", casaco "coat", bwusão "jersey", kispo "anorak", bwazer, etc., in Cape Verde is simpwy cawwed casaco;
 4. it's said máqwina de cawcuwar (and not cawcuwadora "cawcuwator"), máqwina de fotocópias (and not fotocopiadora "Xerox machine"), cartucho de tinta (and not tinteiro "ink cartridge");
 3. Because de cwoser neighboring countries of Cape Verde are francophones, in dipwomatic environment or in environments more in contact wif foreigners some neowogisms appear, strongwy rejected by schowars and purists in Cape Verde. For ex.: engajar (from French engager), atitude revanchista (from French revanche), adereço meaning "address" (is it from French adresse or from Engwish "address"?). However, de fact dat in Creowe is pronounced "tchanci" makes one bewieve dat de usage of de word chance (in Cape Verdean Portuguese) is an Angwicism (Engwish "chance"), and not a Gawwicism (French chance);
 4. In spite of some words being used wif exactwy de same meaning of European Portuguese, dey are awso used wif de meaning in Creowe. Ex.:
 1. mawcriado, rebew, unsubmissive, instead of rude;
 2. afronta, desperation, instead of outrage;
 3. pudera!, excwamation meaning "of course!"
 4. rocha, mountain, instead of rock
 5. inocente, naïf, instead of innocent;
 5. Some meanings in Portugaw are simpwy not known in Cape Verde. Ex.:
 1. abawar is onwy known wif de meaning of "to shake", and not wif de meaning of "to weave";
 2. iwhéu is onwy known wif de meaning of "iswet", and not wif de meaning of "iswand inhabitant";
 3. ténis is onwy used for de sport "tennis", de shoes "sneakers" are known as sapatiwhas (a meaning mostwy onwy empwoyed in de Lisbon region and de souf of Portugaw);
Cape Verde has participated on de works towards de ewaboration of de Acordo Ortográfico — wif a dewegation composed of de winguist Manuew Veiga[3] and by de writer Moacyr Rodrigues — and has ratified de document. In 1998 Cape Verde was de host of de II CPLP Summit, hewd in Praia, where de first "Protocowo Modificativo ao Acordo Ortográfico da Língua Portuguesa" was signed, which removed from de originaw text de originaw date of enforcement (1994). Cape Verde has ratified dis document, as weww as de "Segundo Protocowo Modificativo" (Apriw 2005), being de second country (after Braziw) to compwete de entire procedure for de enforcement of de Spewwing Agreement.
According to Prime Minister José Maria Neves, Cape Verde is in favor of a "speww approach" between de existing variants in Portugaw and Braziw and sees Portuguese as "an important toow for de devewopment of Cape Verde".[4] Despite of de Spewwing Agreement 1990 having become effective on October 1, 2015,[5] in de country de ruwes of Spewwing Agreement of 1945 continues to prevaiw.
 1. ^ Portuguese (Cape Verde Iswand) at Ednowogue (18f ed., 2015)
 2. ^
 3. ^ "Dr. Manuew Monteiro da Veiga – Página oficiaw do governo de Cabo Verde". Archived from de originaw on 2007-08-12.
 4. ^ "Cabo Verde: "Um instrumento de desenvowvimento"".
 5. ^ "Acordo Ortográfico entra em vigor em Cabo Verde e "será irreversívew"".[permanent dead wink]
See awso[edit]
Externaw winks[edit]


text: ||Isolated hand sign language recognition from video is a challenging research area in computer vision. Some of the most important challenges in this area include dealing with hand occlusion, fast hand movement, illumination changes, or background complexity. While most of the state-of-the-art results in the field have been achieved using deep learning-based models, the previous challenges are not completely solved. In this paper, we propose a hand pose aware model for isolated hand sign language recognition using deep learning approaches from two input modalities, RGB and depth videos. Four spatial feature types: pixel-level, flow, deep hand, and hand pose features, fused from both visual modalities, are input to LSTM for temporal sign recognition. While we use Optical Flow (OF) for flow information in RGB video inputs, Scene Flow (SF) is used for depth video inputs. By including hand pose features, we show a consistent performance improvement of the sign language recognition model. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that this discriminant spatiotemporal features, benefiting from the hand pose estimation features and multi-modal inputs, are fused for isolated hand sign language recognition. We perform a step-by-step analysis of the impact in terms of recognition performance of the hand pose features, different combinations of the spatial features, and different recurrent models, especially LSTM and GRU. Results on four public datasets confirm that the proposed model outperforms the current state-of-the-art models on Montalbano II, MSR Daily Activity 3D, and CAD-60 datasets with a relative accuracy improvement of 1.64%, 6.5%, and 7.6%. Furthermore, our model obtains a competitive results on isoGD dataset with only 0.22% margin lower than the current state-of-the-art model.


Cisco 100-490 Certification Exam Syllabus
100-490 Syllabus, CCT Routing and Switching Exam Questions PDF, Cisco 100-490 Dumps Free, CCT Routing and Switching PDF, 100-490 Dumps, 100-490 PDF, CCT Routing and Switching VCE, 100-490 Questions PDF, Cisco CCT Routing and Switching Questions PDF, Cisco 100-490 VCEA great way to start the Cisco Certified Technician Routing & Switching (RSTECH) preparation is to begin by properly appreciating the role that syllabus and study guide play in the Cisco 100-490 certification exam. This study guide is an instrument to get you on the same page with Cisco and understand the nature of the Cisco CCT Routing and Switching exam.
Our team of experts has composed this Cisco 100-490 exam preparation guide to provide the overview about Supporting Cisco Routing and Switching Network Devices exam, study material, sample questions, practice exam and ways to interpret the exam objectives to help you assess your readiness for the Cisco RSTECH exam by identifying prerequisite areas of knowledge. We recommend you to refer the simulation questions and practice test listed in this guide to determine what type of questions will be asked and the level of difficulty that could be tested in the Cisco CCT Routing and Switching certification exam.
Cisco 100-490 Exam Overview:
Exam Name
Supporting Cisco Routing and Switching Network Devices
Exam Number 100-490 RSTECH
Exam Price $125 USD
Duration 90 minutes
Number of Questions 55-65
Passing Score Variable (750-850 / 1000 Approx.)
Recommended Training Supporting Cisco Routing and Switching Network Devices (RSTECH) v3.0
Exam Registration PEARSON VUE
Sample Questions Cisco 100-490 Sample Questions
Practice Exam Cisco Certified Technician Routing & Switching Practice Test
Cisco 100-490 Exam Topics:
Section Weight Objectives
General Networking Knowledge 25% - Use the OSI and TCP/IP models and their associated protocols to explain how data flows in a network
- Describe the basic functionality and key differences of this hardware: LAN switch, router, and wireless access points
- Differentiate between these Layer 2 technologies: Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, Serial, and Optical
- Describe LAN cabling
- Describe the function of CSU/DSU
- Describe Telco termination point
- Describe an IPv4 and IPv6 address and subnet
- Describe the function of FTP, TFTP and PING
- Describe the function of Telnet and SSH
Cisco Equipment and Related Hardware 20% - Identify the Cisco equipment including the Cisco Nexus 9000 Series, Nexus 7000 Series, Nexus 3000 Series, MDS 9000 Series, Catalyst 9000 Series, Catalyst 6800 Series, Catalyst 6500 E-Series, Catalyst 3850, 3650, 2960, 1000 Series and Meraki switches and Cisco 8000 Series, Cisco ASR 9000 Series, Cisco ASR 1000 Series, NCS 5500 Series,NCS 5000 Series routers and Cisco 4000, 1100, 900, 800 Series Integrated Service routers.
- Identify Cisco products by logo marking and model number (including, but not limited to, locations on chassis, line card, module, or adapter)
- Identify Cisco Transceiver Modules
- Identify and locate the serial number of Cisco products (including, but not limited to, locations on chassis, line card, module, or adapter)
- Identify and describe commonly used components
- Describe hardware memory common terms and their use in Cisco routers and switches
- Identify the cabling on Cisco equipment
- Identify tools for hardware installation and replacement
- Identify the different loop-back plugs (RJ45 Ethernet, T1, 56K)
Cisco IOS Software Operation 29% - Describe the key role of Cisco IOS, IOS-XE, IOS-XR and NX-OS software
- Navigate between different operating modes
- Determine the current mode of a device
- Copy and paste a configuration file from/to a router or switch
- Use and interpret the basic Cisco IOS Software commands
- Describe the location and process to change the configuration register parameter
- Identify a configuration file from a Cisco device
- Describe the licensing process on different platforms
- Describe Bundle Mode/Install Mode IOS-XE
Service-Related Knowledge 26% - Locate and use a text editor such as, Notepad
- Locate and use the Windows command prompt
- Locate, configure, and use Terminal Emulation ( Tera Term, Putty)
- Configure networks settings for Ethernet port on laptop (IP address, subnet mask and default gateway) and establish a connection with Ethernet ports on Cisco equipment using correct cable
- Make a physical connection from laptop to Cisco console port
- Connect, configure, and verify operation status of a device interface
- Configure and use TFTP and FTP servers (TFTP d32/64, FIlezilla)
- Perform software upgrade or downgrade using TFTP, FTP, xmodem, tftpdnld, or USB Storage
- Manage configurations via the TCP/IP network
- Perform password recovery on a Cisco device
- Identify and correct common network problems at Layers 1 and 2
 - Serial or ether interface status
 - Ethernet layer 2 (full and half duplex, speed issues)
 - WAN serial loopback test (T1, 56K and Telco assisted loopback)
Cisco RSTECH Exam Description:
The Supporting Cisco Routing and Switching Network Devices v3.0 (RSTECH 100-490) is a 90-minute, 60-70 question exam associated with Cisco Certified Technician Routing and Switching certification. The course, Supporting Cisco Routing and Switching Network Devices v3.0, helps candidates prepare for this exam.
Rating: 5 / 5 (33 votes)


text:
Take a gander at this cube. It will probably look weird because your visual system can't decide how to perceive it. This persistent ambiguity is called visual rivalry, and in the case of the Necker Cube, it results from spatial conflict, or when two objects strike the same place in our retina.
Most scientists think visual rivalry requires spatial conflict, but the authors of a recent Psychological Science study have shown that this assumption is not necessarily true.
Using non-retinal reference frames, which are objects (e.g., mountains in the background) that make the world appear stable even when our eyes are moving, the study authors created a scenario in which visual rivalry could occur without spatial conflict. They showed participants different arrangements of four dots placed on three larger white discs (the reference frames) that switched back and forth. Depending on the scenario, the dots moved either with the discs or in opposition to the discs. After viewing this "motion quartet," participants were asked to indicate whether the dots had moved horizontally or vertically.
The researchers found that when there was no spatial conflict between the dots (i.e., the dots were not positioned to hit the same position on the retina), the moving discs made it difficult to determine how the dots were moving. With the identification of this new mechanism, the study authors believe that further progress can be made in determining the specific parts of the visual system that contribute to resolving visual conflicts.
Read "Visual Rivalry Without Spatial Conflict" online.
Leave a comment below and continue the conversation.


The Question:
What is the water temperature at the Mariana Trench—the deepest part of the Pacific Ocean?
The Answer:
When dealing with ocean temperatures it's important to recognize that water temperature generally decreases as you move into deeper water.
The relatively warm surface water of oceans like the Pacific Ocean extends to depths of between 500 and 1,000 feet. Below the surface waters, the temperature drops rapidly, forming a layer called the thermocline.
The thermocline varies in thickness from about 1,000 feet to 3,000 feet. Below this point water cools more slowly. At areas like the Mariana Trench (or the Marianas Trench; both spellings are commonly found) the water temperature ranges from 34-39 degrees F (1-4 degrees C).
—The Fact Monster


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Teacher makes maths-changing discovery – watch TVNZ Breakfast interview with author, Philip Lloyd – August 2010, click here
The Calculus Workbook NCEA Level 3 offers students the tools they need for success in Calculus.
In the first part there are exercises at Achieved, Merit and Excellence levels. The author walks the student through each new concept, provides several worked examples, and then a set of problems for students to solve. The fully worked answers follow immediately, encouraging students to carefully compare their work with the worked examples and worked answers, and improve their results.
With a "practice makes perfect" attitude, the Calculus Workbook NCEA Level 3 also contains six full-length Practice Exams, written for the 2010 assessment specifications, with full answers, as well as Unit Standards Practice.
For those students who have mastered their Level 3 work, there follows a scholarship training programme. Students can work their own way through this material with minimum supervision from the teacher.
1 Practice questions and answers
2 Practice questions and answers for Unit Standards
Unit Standard 5265: Differentiation
Unit Standard 20660: Differential equations
Unit Standard 20905: Integration
Unit Standard 5267: Complex numbers
Unit Standard 20661: Sketch graphs of conics and find equations of conics
3 Practice exams and answers
4 Scholarship training


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The Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) and the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) have issued a joint Flash Alert to U.S. based businesses doing business in China about a remote targeting campaign whereby the tax software that Chinese domestic banks require foreign companies to install is loaded with malware.
Trustwave researchers warned in June 2020 that they had discovered a backdoor in the required tax software used by the Chinese domestic banks dubbed GoldenSpy. The backdoor reportedly could not be removed and allowed remote installation of additional malware.
Not only did the required tax software install malware into U.S. companies' systems, but when Trustwave researchers detected the malware, several days later, the Trustwave researchers found that the GoldenSpy authors attempted to secretly load uninstaller software on the affected systems to remove the backdoor because they got caught!
The FBI and CISA is warning companies that security teams should be utilized to remove the malware as the attackers are attempting to evade industry standard network security rules.
"The FBI assesses that the cyber-actors' persistent attempts to silently remove the malware is not a sign of resignation. Rather, it is an effort to hide their capabilities. Organizations conducting business in China continue to be at risk from system vulnerabilities exploited by the tax software and similar supply chains."


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hours).
The connection at the aluminium/metal alloy interface with the electrode is achieved also by diffusion of the aluminum of the joining member into the alloy of the electrode. This preparation of the surface facilitates diffusion at the connection interface.
In the course of this stage of connection, the elements are placed in a surrounding atmosphere which avoids oxidation of the connection interfaces, particularly the electrode support interface (Fe-Ni). This atmosphere may be a nitrogen-hydrogen 90-10 reducing atmosphere or a primary vacuum.
The connection parameters such as temperature, time during which the joining member deforming force is maintained and atmosphere surrounding the connection surfaces affect the formation of the superficial diffusion layer of the aluminum at the connection interfaces (vitroceramic, iron-nickel or iron-nickel-cobalt).
Tests have shown that the connection temperature and the maintenance of the deforming force at this temperature influence the depth of the diffusion of the aluminum into the vitroceramic and the alloy (iron-nickel or iron-nickel-cobalt).
The obtainment of fluidtight connections which are reproducible at a level of fluidtighteness of ≦10-11 atm.cm3.s-1 for connection temperatures ranging up to 400°-450° C. is facilitated by the phenomenon of superficial diffusion at the connection interfaces which consolidates the adherence of the joining member.
Subsequently, the assembly of the elements thus sealed is subjected to a heat treatment for relieving the stresses produced in the connection plane by the differential expansion of the two sealed bodies 1 and 3, these having mean coefficients of expansion which are very different from each other since the vitroceramic remains practically without dimensional modification at 550° C.
A deformed annular joint is obtained whose width is 2 to 3 mm and whose thickness is 0.1 to 0.15 mm.
The described procedure may be different inasmuch as the phenomenon of diffusion observed increases the quality of adhesion of the joining member. Tests on connections obtained by thermo-compression without a thermal diffusion step with maintenance of the force of deformation of the joining member but with a thermal diffusion treatment carried out at the connection temperature under a vacuum of a few 1.333 10-4 Pa for several hours, show that it is possible to obtain connections between the vitroceramic and the iron-nickel or iron-nickel-cobalt alloy with an joining member. In this case, the depth of diffusion is greater (20 μm≃) in the metal electrode carrier 3 (iron-nickel-cobalt or iron-nickel) than in the vitroceramic of the body 1 (≃1 μm).
Under conventional conditions of the procedure mentioned before, the depth of diffusion in the vitroceramic (Zerodur) and in the iron-nickel or iron-nickel-cobalt alloy is a few microns (≃1 to 4 μm).
In FIG. 2, the invention is considered to be applied to the production of a seal between a support 10 of vitroceramic material provided with a capillary passage II and a metal anode pellet 12.
Here, the joining member 13 employed is a toric joint of aluminum.
The conditions of production of this seal are similar to those mentioned with reference to the joining member shown in FIG. 1.
Evolutions of the shape of the joining member 5 may be envisaged, whereby such member also may be a sheet.
Metals other than aluminum for producing the connection joint may also be employed.
These materials may be:
zinc and zinc alloys of the ZAMAK 5 type (i.e. containing aluminum, copper and magnesium)
lead-tin, lead-tin-silver alloys.


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Scope of the subject & their interaction with our life
Scope of the subject basically refers to the area where it can be applied and scope of different subjects varies from each other in this regard.
The area in which the subject is applicable is called range area of the subject. It also depends upon the nature of the subject. Like Mathematics has the widest range of its application. It can be applied in any field of life and give high output. So the range and scope of the subject depends upon its nature.
In general all the subjects have high interaction with our lives but few of them are more interactive and have high influence in our life. We can say that they have become part of our lives or parts of them are parts of our lives. For understanding interaction with these subjects, man is required to study the life and tali it with these subjects.
Scope of different subject is as under.
- Mathematics: The subject mathematics especially basic mathematics has become part of our life. In general when we talk with somebody, some 70 % of mathematics become part of that discussion. Like when we deal with shopkeeper so talk in dozens and numbers. We ask how much banana's dozen costs. The shopkeeper answers us in terms of money like its cost is Rs.50/- per dozen. Then if we want to buy half of a dozen the shopkeeper divides it on two and say you have to pay Rs.25/- for this. And it is the case in division of land. Whenever two persons want to divide the land by two they normally use algebra there. More over the subject of mathematics is a wide range subject and its areas of applications are PAEC, NDC, NSO & other different areas. In short we can say that it is applicable in each field of operation.
- Sociology: Sociology has a wide range of application in human societies. It has different role in different human societies. Man follows it rules and principles in their life in general. Different sociologists try to implement its principles and roles in different human society in which he know that these can be implemented. It studies culture, norms, values, expectation, and institution e.t.c. It defines and evaluates cultures of different nations living in different areas of the world and something new to it.
- Physics: Physics is a science subject like mathematics and have influence in our life. Due to the inventions of this subject much more things are introduced which have highly facilitated our lives. More than this in general the kilogram term is used very much in general in life. When some one go to purchase something, he asks the shopkeeper how much its kilogram costs and he answers.
- Medical: Medical is also one of the important subject which has a total interaction with our life. It also has a wide range of research to provide different solutions for different problems occurring in our lives. Whenever a person becomes ill he contacts a medical doctor or dispenser for diagnosis. When the doctor or dispenser diagnoses him then the pharmacists prescribe some medicines for his treatment. The pharmacists conduct continuos research to produce more good medicines for different diseases. The doctors also refer different methods to people to protect themselves from different diseases.
- Computer Science: Computer Science also has high interaction with our life. It has also facilitated the life of human upto a great extent. In primitive ages communication was really tough and costly but due to computer sciences (Information Technology) it has become very cheap and easy. A man in USA can contact easily with a person in Pakistan and will cost a few rupees because the area is high specialized and a very cheap technology has been introduced.
In short all the subjects have high interaction with our life and have a wide scope.


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- The beloved candy cane was originally intended only for children. Made in the form of a shepherd's crook, the canes were first introduced to the French court of King Louis XV in the early 18th century. They were used as something of a bribe to keep children quiet during lengthy Christmas church services. The candy sticks were made in alternating red and white colors to recall the red of Jesus' sacrificial blood and the white of both purity and the fallen snow.
- While the French were busy with candy canes, the Americans capitalized on the gift wrap market. Greeting card tycoon Joyce C. Hall of Hallmark is credited with introducing modern-day gift wrap. In December 1917, a Kansas City Hallmark store sold out of the traditional red and green tissue paper used for wrapping gifts. To satisfy holiday demand for wrapping papers, the store offered customers decorative, printed envelope-lining paper instead. The sheets sold quickly at 10 cents each. By Christmas 1918, Hallmark was charging 25 cents per sheet.
- The Christmas card remains a cherished piece of holiday cheer. Brits John Horsley and Sir Henry Cole introduced the first Christmas card in 1843 and coined the phrase, "Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year." A rare first Christmas card sold at a London auction for nearly $10,000 a few years ago.
Dr. Lori, an art and antiques appraiser with a Ph.D. in art history, hosts antiques appraisal events and antiques-themed vacation cruises. Contact her at _URL_ or _PHONE_.


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Girolamo Fracastoro (Italy)
The Stamp
The stamp was issued in Italy on the occasion of the International Medical Congress held in Verona from the 1 to 4 September 1955.
The Doctor
Girolamo Fracastoro (1476/8 - 1553) was an Italian doctor and poet.
He was born in Verona, but trained in Padua where he later became a Professor.
Urology Connections
In 1530, he wrote an epic poem called, "Syphilis sive morbus gallicus" ("Syphilis or The French Disease"), about a shepherd boy named Syphilus who insulted the Greek god Apollo and was punished with a horrible disease. The disease subsequently became known as syphilis.
The poem also suggests using mercury and "guaiaco" as a cure.
← Back to Stamp Collection


COMP361: Design and Analysis of Algorithms
Undergraduate course, School of Engineering and Computer Science, Victoria University of Wellington, 2019
Lecturer responsible for the second half of the course.
 1. Preparing lecture material and giving 6 weeks of lectures.
 2. Preparing assignments, including handouts, rubrics, and co-ordinating tutor marking.
 3. Writing and marking half of the final exam.


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Definition of anglesite
n. - A native sulphate of lead. It occurs in white or yellowish transparent, prismatic crystals. 2
The word "anglesite" uses 9 letters: A E E G I L N S T.
All words formed from anglesite by changing one letter
Browse words starting with anglesite by next letter


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Home > News > Report
Sonia speaks up for Gandhism
January 29, 2007 15:40 IST
Last Updated: January 29, 2007 16:18 IST
Quoting the Mahatma in the aftermath of Hiroshima, "...violence cannot be destroyed by counter-violence... Mankind has to get out of violence only through non-violence," Congress president Sonia Gandhi said, "Since then nuclear weapons have become even more of a terrifying reality. She was speaking at an international conference in New Delhi to commemorate the anniversary of the satyagraha movement.
In this context, she pointed that the world's nuclear weapon states had more than adequate atomic arsenal to destroy humanity many times over. "And it is not just clear weapons. We also confront the spectre of chemical and biological weapons."
"An eye for an eye only ends up making the whole world blind," she said, while highlighting that these words of the Mahatma had showed that he was decidedly against the idea that violence was the only answer to violence.
Sonia said the end of the cold war had not seen a pandemic of peace and pointed out that the 'growth of nationalism, in the guise of building pride, was stoking prejudice with horrifying consequences'. "We are today faced with the scourge of terrorism fuelled by religious, political, ethnic or sectarian conflict," the Congress president said.
Asserting that in many cases violence was the cry of the oppressed and the exploited, Sonia said, "It is a sad reality that in many instances violence has to be resorted to in order to be heard." She said violence provided no solution but instead would lead to untold suffering and atrocities.
In this context, Sonia said, "While the underlying causes of conflict have to be understood, it does humanity no good to rationalise, let alone romanticise, violence in any way."
Analysing the negative and positive impact of globalisation, Sonia said India had made spectacular gains over the past decades and was being rapidly transformed. But destitution, poverty, malnutrition and illiteracy were still widespread and inequality very visible. In this context, she said economic growth must be accelerated.
"To be equitable, economic growth has to be sustainable. To be sustainable, economic growth has, in turn, to be all-inclusive. All-inclusive is no longer the greatest good of the largest number. It is actually sarvodaya or the rise of all. This, Mahatma Gandhi saw as essential to satyagraha itself." Calling for urgent dialogue among cultures and peoples, Sonia said the reality today was a civilisation of clashes.
In this context, she cited that no dialogue could have an impact without tolerance.
Recalling the impact of the Mahatma's satyagraha and ahimsa around the world, Sonia said it would be a grave error to write off the Gandhian approach as irrelevant to our age.
There were individuals and groups who were trying to adapt and adopt satyagraha to deal with changing circumstances and situations.
"The challenge for us now is to find creative inspiration from Gandhian ways to evolve a satyagraha appropriate to our times," she added.
Sonia said the participation of delegations and individuals from 90 countries and 122 organisations around the world was clear proof that Gandhian ideals and philosophies were still relevant today.
Sonia said though much of what the Mahatma did had to be seen in the specific context of his times, the core of his philosophy reverberated even more strongly today.
Calling upon the youth to take the Gandhian torch forward as in the days of the freedom struggle, she said, "The task before us is how we, individually and collectively, launch an organised, disciplined mass movement for peace, non-violence and empowerment, which is the very essence of satyagraha."
Advocating a "new global compact, a new global covenant," the Congress president said, "The foundations of this new edifice can be found in what Mahatma Gandhi preached and practised, in what he lived and died for."
However, she cautioned that it was difficult to emulate the Mahatma though "he fascinates and enchants."
"It is easy to make him an icon. But it is infinitely more exacting to make him our beacon," she said, concluding her 30-minute-long speech at the function attended by former Zambian President Dr Kenneth Kaunda, former Polish President Lech Walesa, Nobel Laureate Mohammad Yunus, Social activist and grand daughter of Mahatma Gandhi Ela Gandhi, Senior Palestinian leader Nasser Al Kidwa, Defence Minister A K Antony and External Affairs Minister Pranab Kumar Mukherjee.


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Nursing Home Residents Bill of Rights
What is the Nursing Home Residents' Bill of Rights?
Florida Law provides that residents of nursing homes have specific legal rights that must be provided by the facility and its care takers. Violations of these rights can result in civil and criminal prosecution as nursing home abuse. It is important that you know your rights as a resident or as the family member of a resident in a nursing home.
In Florida Nursing Home Residents have the following legal rights:
- Civil and religious liberties.
- Private and uncensored communication.
- Visitation by any individual providing health, social, legal, or other services and the right to deny or withdraw consent at any time.
- Present grievances and recommend changes in policies and services free from restraint, interference, coercion, discrimination, or reprisal. Includes the right to have access to the ombudsmen and other advocacy groups.
- Organize and participate in resident groups.
- Participate in social, religious, and community activities that do not interfere with the rights of others.
- Examine results of recent facility inspections by federal and state agencies including the plan of correction if applicable.
- Manage his/her own financial affairs. A quarterly accounting will be furnished to resident or legal representative.
- Be fully informed, in writing and orally, of services available at the facility and of related charges for such services.
- Refuse medication and treatment and to know the consequences.
- Receive adequate and appropriate health care, protective and support services within established and recognized standards.
- Privacy in treatment and in caring for personal needs.
- Be informed of medical condition and proposed treatment and be allowed participation in planning.
- Be treated courteously, fairly, and with the fullest measure of dignity.
- Be free from mental and physical abuse, corporal punishment, extended involuntary seclusion, and from physical and chemical restraints except those ordered by resident's physician.
- Be transferred or discharged only for medical reasons, the welfare of other residents or nonpayment of a bill.
- Receive a thirty (30) day written notice of discharge or relocation, and challenge such notice.
- Choose physician and pharmacy.
- Retain and use personal clothing and possessions.
- Have copies of rules and regulations of the facility.
- Notification prior to room change.
- Information concerning bed-hold policy for hospitalization.
Also, federal law prevents nursing homes from discharging (removing) or transferring (moving to another facility) a resident except for the following reasons:
- The resident's welfare cannot be met at the facility.
- The resident's health has improved sufficiently so the resident no longer needs the services provided by the facility.
- The health or safety of individuals is endangered.
- The resident has failed, after reasonable and appropriate notice, to pay or have paid under Medicare or Medicaid for residence at the facility.
- The facility closes.
A nursing home must give residents 30 days written notice prior to discharge or transfer.
If you believe that you or a family member has been denied any of the rights outlined above then please contact one of the experienced trial attorneys at Burnett Law, P.A. today by simply filling out the free case evaluation form or by calling our office at _PHONE_ for a free, no commitment consultation.


Coating Alternatives for Aluminum & Plastic
aluminum-coatingInstead of going to your local hardware store for a can or two of spray paint, consider covering your aluminum or plastic in different more durable materials. While the materials may be a bit more expensive at first, it will prove to be money well spent in the long run as these coats will last a long time.
Aluminum & Plastic Coating Aletrnatives
 - Anodizing This first process applies only to Aluminum and is an electrochemical coating that forms a coating of aluminum oxide on the surface of the aluminum. Here are some general pros and cons
 1. Can only be used with Aluminum
 2. This is cheaper than most painting options
 3. This coating cannot peel because its integral to the metal
 4. The thicker the coating the longer the life of the coating
 5. Poor chemical resistance but still better than pure aluminum (ie acidic rain)
 6. You can paint or cover the anodizing with another form of paint or coating
 7. Environmentally friendly as it emits no VOC's and uses no heavy metals
 8. A few colors available
 9. Easy to scratch
 10. Able to be done at home with the right chemicals and materials
 11. No curing time needed
 12. You can't remove the coating
 - Powder Coating This process involves spraying powder onto the plastic or metal part and then melting and baking that powder onto the material coated. Here are some general pros and cons to powder coating
 1. Multiple colors available
 2. Most resistant to chemical and physical abuse
 3. It can chip and peel, although not easily
 4. More expensive than spray paint and anodizing
 5. The coating is thick
 6. Environmentally friendly
 7. Can be used with multiple materials
 8. Hard to do it yourself
 9. Short curing times
 10. More flexible coating meaning its more durable with moving parts
 11. Easy to clean off the powder and restart before you cure it
 - Paint Finally, the tried and true spray can. This involves spraying paint onto the metal or plastic and then waiting for the paint to dry or curing the paint in an oven. Here are some pros and cons
 1. Easiest to do at home
 2. Cheap for simple paint jobs although it can get really expensive with more complex jobs
 3. NOT environmentally friendly as paint sometimes includes heavy metals and the propellants are usually hydrocarbons and curing releases VOC's
 4. Long curing times
 5. Infinite colors available
 6. This has the weakest chemical and physical resistance
 7. Only thin coatings allowed otherwise paint will droop
 8. Coatings can easily peel and chip
 9. Easy to clean off and fix any mistakes
Anodizing is cheap and durable but can only be used on aluminum with limitedplatstic-coating-materials colors and no re-do's. Powder coating is expensive but offers the best durability with the most flexibility in terms of what it can be applied on and what colors can be used. Finally, painting is easiest to do, but has the weakest durability. Whichever coating you go for, you'll have an amazing look to admire and protect your materials for years.