Polymorphic Associations Library
This module (isis-module-poly) provides a set of helpers to support the definition of polymorphic associations; that is: relationships from one persistent entity to another by means of a (Java) interface.
Note that an library has has been superceded by a design pattern that does not require any supporting classes. Rather than emit events on the event bus, the design pattern suggests defining an SPI interface to be implemented.
Modules that use the SPI pattern (as opposed to this module) include Alias subdomain and Classification subdomain.
Persistable polymorphic associations are important because they allow decoupling between classes using the dependency inversion principle; module dependencies can therefore by kept acyclic. This is key to long-term maintainability of the codebase (avoiding the big ball of mud anti-pattern).
While JDO/DataNucleus has several built-in strategies to support polymorphic associations, none allow both a persisted reference to be arbitrarily extensible as well as supporting foreign keys (for RDBMS-enforced referential integrity). The purpose of this module is therefore to provide helper classes that use a different approach, namely the "table of two halves" pattern.
Table of Two Halves Pattern
The "table of two halves" pattern models the relationship tuple itself as a class hierarchy. The supertype table holds a generic polymorphic reference to the target object (leveraging Apache Isis' Bookmark Service) while the subtype table holds a foreign key is held within the subtype.
It is quite possible to implement the "table of two halves" pattern without using the helpers provided by this module; indeed arguably there's more value in the demo application that accompanies this module (discussed below) than in the helpers themselves. Still, the helpers do provide useful structure to help implement the pattern.
Demo Application
This module has a comprehensive demo fixtures that demonstrates four different polymorphic associations:
 - 1-to-1 and n-to-1: a CommunicationChannel may be owned by a CommunicationChannelOwner.
 - 1-to-n: a Case may contain multiple 'CaseContent's
 - 1-to-1: a Case may have a primary CaseContent.
The CommunicationChannel and Case are regular entities, while CommunicationChannelOwner and CaseContent are (Java) interfaces.
The demo app also has two entities, FixedAsset and Party, that both implement each of these interfaces. Each FixedAsset may "own" a single CommunicationChannel, while a Party may "own" multiple CommunicationChannel's. Meanwhile both 'FixedAsset and Party can be added as the "contents" of multiple 'Case's, and either can be used as a 'Case's "primary content".
Communication Channel
The following UML diagram shows the "logical" polymorphic association between CommunicationChannel and its owning CommunicationChannelOwner:
comm channel uml
This is realized using the following entities:
comm channel link uml
Here the CommunicationChannelOwnerLink is a persistent entity that has subtypes for each of the implementations of the CommunicationChannelOwner interface, namely CommunicationChannelOwnerLinkForFixedAsset and CommunicationChannelOwnerLinkForParty. This inheritance hierarchy can be persisted using any of the [standard strategies](_URL_ supported by JDO/DataNucleus.
In the demo application the NEW_TABLE strategy is used, giving rise to these tables:
comm channel rdbms
Case Contents
The following UML diagram shows the (two) "logical" polymorphic assocations between Case and its 'CaseContent's:
case content uml
Note how Case actually has two polymorphic associations: a 1:n to its "contents", and a 1:1 to its "primary content".
This is realized using the following entities:
case content link uml
Here the CaseContentLink is a persistent entity that (as for communication channels) has subtypes for each of the implementations of the CaseContent interface. But because Case actually has two associations to CaseContent, there is also a further CasePrimaryContentLink persistent entity, again with subtypes.
In the demo application the NEW_TABLE strategy is used for both, giving rise to these tables for the "case content" association:
case content contents rdbms
and also to these for the "primary content" association:
case content primary rdbms
The module's functionality can be explored by running the quickstart with example usage using the org.incode.domainapp.example.app.modules.ExampleDomLibPolyAppManifest.
The home page when the app is run shows 3 parties, 3 fixed assets which between them have 9 communication channels. There are also 3 cases and the parties and fixed assets are variously contained within:
020 dashboard
If we navigate to the Party entity, we can see that it shows a collection of 'CommunicationChannel's that the party owns, and also a collection of the 'Case's within which the party is contained:
030 party
The FixedAsset entity is similar in that it also has a collection of Case's. However, in our demo app we have a business rule that the fixed asset can own only a single 'CommunicationChannel.
040 fixed asset
On the Party entity we can add (and remove) 'CommunicationChannel's:
050 party add comm channel
In this demo app, because communication channels are not shared by entities, this will actually create and persist the corresponding CommunicationChannel.
We can also add (or remove) from 'Case's:
060 party add to case
Here the rule is slightly different: the Case already exists and so the party is merely associated with an existing case.
From the Case entity's perspective, we can see its contents and also its primary content:
070 case
As might be expected, we have an action to set (or clear) the primary content:
080 case set primary contents
The key design idea is to leverage Isis' event bus service to determine which concrete subtype should be created and persisted to hold the association.
 - when the association needs to be created, an event is posted to the event bus
 - the subscriber updates the event with the details of the subtype to be persisted
 - if no subscriber updates the event, then the association cannot be created and an exception is thrown.
The helper classes provided by this module factor out some of the boilerplate relating to this design, however there is (necessarily) quite a lot of domain-specific code. What's important is understanding the design and how to replicate it.
The recipe for the pattern is:
Table 1. Recipe
# Step Example
Create an interface for the target of the association
 - CommunicationChannelOwner
 - CaseContent
Create a persistent entity corresponding to the association
 - CommunicationChannelOwnerLink
 for the CommunicationChannel/"owner" association
 - CaseContentLink
 for Case/"contents" association
 - CasePrimaryContentLink
 for Case/"primary content" association
Create an "instantiate event". We suggest using a nested static class of the link entity:
 - CommunicationChannelOwnerLink.InstantiateEvent
 - CaseContentLink.InstantiateEvent
 - CasePrimaryContentLink.InstantiateEvent
Create a corresponding repository service for that link persistent entity:
 - CommunicationChannelOwnerLinks
 - CaseContentLinks
 - CasePrimaryContentLinks
Create a subtype for each implementation of the target interface:
 - CommunicationChannelOwnerLinkForFixedAsset and CommunicationChannelOwnerLinkForParty
 - CaseContentLinkForFixedAsset and CaseContentLinkForParty
 - CasePrimaryContentLinkForFixedAsset and CasePrimaryContentLinkForParty
Create a subscriber to the event for each implementation of the target interface. We suggest using a nested static class of the subtype.
 - CommunicationChannelOwnerLinkForFixedAsset. InstantiateSubscriber and CommunicationChannelOwnerLinkForParty. InstantiateSubscriber
 - CaseContentLinkForFixedAsset. InstantiateSubscriber and CaseContentLinkForParty. InstantiateSubscriber
 - CasePrimaryContentLinkForFixedAsset. InstantiateSubscriber and CasePrimaryContentLinkForParty. InstantiateSubscriber
API and Usage
The module itself consist of the following classes:
 - PolymorphicAssociationLink - an abstract class from which to derive the *Link entity
 - PolymorphicAssociationLink.InstantiateEvent - a superclass for the "instantiate event"
 - PolymorphicAssociationLink.Factory - a utility class that broadcasts the event and persists the link using the requested subtype
Let's look at each in more detail, relating back to the "communication channel owner" association in the demo app.
A link is in essence a tuple between two entities. One of these links is direct "subject"; the other is the polymorphic reference. The PolymorphicAssociationLink class is intended to be used base class for all *Link entities (step 2 in the pattern recipe), and defines this structure:
public abstract class PolymorphicAssociationLink<
 S, P, L extends PolymorphicAssociationLink>
 implements Comparable {
 protected PolymorphicAssociationLink(final String titlePattern) {... }
 public abstract S getSubject();
 public abstract void setSubject(S subject);
 public abstract String getPolymorphicObjectType();
 public abstract void setPolymorphicObjectType(final String polymorphicObjectType);
 public abstract String getPolymorphicIdentifier();
 public abstract void setPolymorphicIdentifier(final String polymorphicIdentifier);
 public P getPolymorphicReference() {... }
 public void setPolymorphicReference(final P polymorphicReference) {... }
 public int compareTo(final PolymorphicAssociationLink other) {... }
The subclass is required to implement the subject, polymorphicObjectType and the polymorphicIdentifier properties; these should delegate to the "concrete" properties.
For example,


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The Temple in Salt Lake has several inverted pentagrams as decorations. (To see a few, just google "lds temple salt lake inverted pentagrams" and click on images. Or click here)
According to Wikipedia, the inverted pentagram symbol is used in Neo-Paganism, Satanism, and magick, as well as Freemasonry.
How exactly did it become a symbol of the LDS church? (It seems like an odd symbol to use, given how it's used by others.) What does it represent according to LDS teaching?
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Freemasonry does not use the inverted pentagram. However Eastern Star does. I think this would be a great question for this SE. However, this may be an interesting read for you. With that said, some symbols have been around longer than Christianity. Nowhere in the Bible does it say that a 5 pointed star (no matter its direction) is bad. This is a newer taboo – user1054 Sep 5 '12 at 20:19
Symbol interpretation is always a fun subject because the meaning is so subjective. For example, what is the true meaning of the swastika? There is single answer, due to how many cultures have used it separately, and how many times it has occurred simply as a pleasing geometric shape without actually needing any special meaning. – Marc Gravell Sep 5 '12 at 21:52
_USER_: Did you mean no single answer...? – Caleb Sep 6 '12 at 12:02
3 Answers 3
up vote 15 down vote accepted
The symbol has no specific meaning within LDS theology, and there are no teachings regarding it. According to an article found among the Wikipedia page's sources, the pentagram symbol actually has a long history in Christian and Jewish art and architecture, and only first began to be associated with Satanism and the occult in the 1850s. By this point, the design for the Salt Lake temple had already been drafted.
The star symbolism in the temple was included, along with carved depictions of other celestial bodies, as symbolic of heavenly glory, which is described in the Doctrine and Covenants, section 76, as being similar to the brightness of the sun, the moon and the stars.
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_USER_: Have a look at the linked article. It's got several examples, including a Jewish one going back all the way to BC times. – Mason Wheeler Sep 5 '12 at 19:52
+1 Matthew B. Brown's book Symbols in Stone talks about this too, and declares the inverted star to be symbolic of the Morning Star (Venus) and thus a symbol of Jesus Christ. (He declares Himself the "bright and morning star") – Dave DeLong Sep 5 '12 at 21:02
Accepted answere, but it seems odd that it is used so often without there being any specific meaning or teaching regarding it. – Narnian Sep 7 '12 at 14:18
_USER_: One possible explanation: They just wanted stars. There are two stars that are geometrically very easy to create: a five-pointed star, and a six-pointed star. And the six-pointed star already had a well-known meaning as a piece of religious symbolism at the time the temple was being built: it's the Star of David, associated as strongly with Judaism as the cross is with Christianity. The five-pointed star did not have any such meaning at that time, so it was quite convenient to use. It's worth noting that temples built later have not included the pentagram in their ornamentation. – Mason Wheeler Sep 7 '12 at 14:51
I'll second _USER_'s thoughts -- "they just wanted stars". Sounds creepy when you say "inverted pentagram". – Jake Toronto Jun 11 '14 at 23:07
The inverted star represents the second coming of Jesus Christ. This symbol is also on the Nauvoo Temple and this is what I was told when I asked around about it.
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How exactly does that represent the second coming of Jesus? It had long before been a symbol of Freemasonry. – Narnian Jun 11 '14 at 13:03
Joseph Smith was a freemason and many of the symbols on the temple are also used in freemasonry. As Mason noted, this doesn't give any meaning to the symbol (unless you have conspiracy theories regarding freemasonry,) but simply seems to be one possibility for the architectural influence.
Some have also suggested that there are also some influences between some of the garments used in the LDS temple and the robes of the Freemasons and also having members-only ceremonies, though these may be more coincidental.
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A wildlife biologist is someone who studies and/or manages wild animals and their habitats. Wildlife biology as an academic subject or profession is usually narrowly defined as applying to terrestrial vertebrates as the subject of study, however, a more general definition will often include the study and management of fish and other non-vertebrate wildlife. The similar term wildlife ecologist is often also used in reference to wildlife studies, and are often interchangeable in practice. Wildlife biologists may be distinguished from wildlife ecologists in their focus on the physiology, abundance, demographics, populations, and other management-oriented questions for a particular species (often but not always a "game" or sport-hunted species), whereas wildlife ecologists may use similar metrics, but may study communities of species and their interactions and relationships with biotic and abiotic factors in their environments for conservation purposes.
Notable wildlife biologists[edit]


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In this paper, we address the problem of adaptive detection in homogeneous Gaussian interference, with unknown covariance matrix, after reduction by invariance. Starting from a maximal invariant statistic, which contains all the information for the synthesis of an invariant detector, we devise the Rao test, generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT), and Durbin test. Moreover, we compare their decision statistics with those of the receivers designed according to the same criteria from the raw data (i.e., before reduction by invariance). We prove that the GLRT in the original data space is statistically equivalent to the GLRT designed after reduction by invariance (under a very mild assumption) and coincide with the conditional uniformly most powerful invariant (C-UMPI) test, obtained conditioning on an ancillary part of the maximal invariant statistic. As to the Rao and Durbin criteria, when they are applied after reduction by invariance, lead to detectors different from the counterparts devised in the raw data domain. At the analysis stage, the performance of the receivers devised in the invariant domain is analyzed in comparison with that of the counterparts synthesized from the original observations.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Theories of mucoadhesion
Mucoadhesion is said to occur when two surfaces, one of which is a mucous membrane, adhere to each other. Mucoadhesive materials are typically hydrophilic macromolecules containing numerous hydrogen bond forming groups, the carbomers, cellulose derivatives and chitosans being well-known examples. Mucoadhesion is said to occur in two steps, the initial contact (wetting) stage followed by the consolidation stage (the establishment of the adhesive interactions). The relative importance of each stage will depend on the individual application. For example, contact / adsorption is a key stage if the dosage form cannot be applied directly to the target mucosa, while consolidation is important if the formulation is exposed to significant dislodging stresses, such as those experienced in the oral cavity. The mucoadhesive will stay in place until dislodged, which can arise from either overhydration of a dosage form, epithelial cell or mucus turnover, the application of force that overcomes the adhesive properties of the formulation or a combination of these. Mucoadhesion can also include the retention of semisolids and liquids on a mucous membrane, and the adsorption of materials from solution, the mechanism of which differs from that of solids. Modified and new mucoadhesive materials with optimal adhesive properties have been developed that can further enhance the potential of this technology.
Original languageEnglish
Title of host publicationMucoadhesive materials and drug delivery systems
EditorsVitaliy Khutoryanskiy
Place of PublicationChichester
PublisherJohn Wiley & Sons Ltd
Number of pages16
ISBN (Print)9781119941439
Publication statusPublished - 15 May 2014
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Just in from our Cool Plant Research desk: A team of scientists at the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center are working on a way to harvest dandelions as a source for natural rubber.
The Russian dandelions, a cousin of the hated yellow flowers seen in lawns across America, look similar, but contain extra-bouncy insides that scientists can use as a supplement to traditional sources of rubber.
The Russian species — known scientifically as Taraxacum kok-saghyz, or TKS – have long, thick roots that have the right mix of rubber polymers, proteins and fatty acids in them that contain a natural latex. Break open a TKS root, roll the sticky, milky white cream that oozes out around in your palm, let it dry and it will bounce like a ball.
You can read more about the science and techniques of extracting raw materials from these plants here.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Songket Deli - Padi
Rp 1.450.000,00
Rice Pattern was first introduced by the 12th Sultan of Deli. The pattern is taken from the form of rice plants as a basic necessity that gives life to humans. As the Malay people say "Joining Rice, The Older The Subdued", which means that humans must imitate the appearance of rice plants, the older people are, the more humble themselves should be.
Materials: Poly-Rayon
Dimensions: 200 cm x 100 cm
Color: Almond-Dark


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What is this seminar about?
The speakers will analyse the European Court of Justice rulings in Laval (Case C-341/05), Viking Line ( Case C-438/05) and Volkswagen ( Case C-112/05).
Among the issues to be discussed are the impact of these cases on:
- The free movement of capital and the abolition of Member State protectionist barriers
- The horizontal direct effect of Articles 43 and 49 of the Treaty and the implications for action to frustrate a takeover bid
- Social Policy and the right of trade unions to take collective action


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Increase interactivity and usability by speech-enabling your apps and devices.
Cloud-Based Speech Generation
ReadSpeaker speechCloud API is an online text-to-speech API for making desktop/web/mobile applications and Internet-connected devices talk.
Easy to integrate, straightforward, and high-capacity, ReadSpeaker speechCloud API gives you access to high-quality voices in many different languages to read the text in your apps and devices.
With the increasing amount of Internet-connected devices, the need for audio interactivity is also on the rise.
To meet that demand, ReadSpeaker speechCloud API enables you to have your application/software send text and receive text-to-speech generated audio files to be played back on Internet-connected apps and devices.
ReadSpeaker speechCloud API can also easily be used in the very popular open source communication application platform Asterisk to add text-to-speech capabilities to PBX/IVR systems.
- Built-in customer-specific dictionary where customers can control how certain words are read
- Multiple audio file formats (A-law, u-law, PCM, WAV, Ogg, MP3)
- Choice of several languages and voices using state-of-the art speech synthesis
- Sample code in different programming languages: Java (Android), Objective C (iOS), PHP, ASP, Flash/ActionScript
- Statistics interface (via web and API)
- Easy-to-use web interface containing everything you need to get started
- AGI script which supports most versions on Asterisk on Linux
- Have more control over how the text is read with SSML (Speech Synthesis Markup Language) input support. When activated in your account, it is possible to insert pauses/breaks of certain length, insert phonetic transcriptions and do voice and language switching in the same text.
- Online payment system to easily purchase your API credits for our default voices
ReadSpeaker speechCloud API offers you an easy pay-as-you-go way to:
- Add more interactivity and usability to your software and devices.
- Meet your users where they are and how they prefer to interact with your products and services.
- Seamlessly and cost-effectively speech-enable all sorts of apps and devices without the need to use a resource-demanding text-to-speech engine.
Speech-Enable a Variety of Applications and Devices
Developers can now use ReadSpeaker speechCloud API to create all sorts of talking apps and devices that are populating the Internet of Things, such as:
- Household appliances
- Interactive billboards
- Connected cars
- Medical devices
- Interactive kiosks
- Talking clocks
- Translation apps
- Social network readers
- Navigation apps
- Audio guides
- Industrial appliances
- eBook readers
- Email readers
- SMS readers
- Pronunciation apps
- Talking notepad
- News reading apps
- Weather readers
- Talking stock prices
* You will be redirected to the ReadSpeaker Web Application Service Platform where you can sign up for a trial account to speech-enable your apps and devices. Contact us for our complete selection of languages and voices and/or for larger volume discounts.
Please note: this service is for streaming audio only; no static audio files may be produced, downloaded, or distributed. For audio file production licensing, please contact us.


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Discussion Papers, Interdisciplinary Research Project 373: Quantification and Simulation of Economic Processes 1999,42
Although stock splits seem to be a purely cosmetic event, there exists ample empirical evidence from the United States that stock splits are associated with abnormal returns on both the announcement and the execution day, and additionally with an increase in variance following the ex-day. This paper investigates the market reaction to stock splits using a set of German firms. Consistent with the U.S. findings, similar effects are observed for the sample of German stock splits. Institutional differences between Germany and the U.S. allow to disentangle the three main hypotheses on the announcement effect - signalling, liquidity, and neglected firm hypothesis - to gain further insights into their relative explanation power. This paper argues that legal restrictions strongly limit the ability of German companies to use a stock split for signaling. Consistently, abnormal returns around the announcement day are much lower in Germany than in the U.S. Although a significant increase in liquidity can be found after the split crosssectional tests do not lend any support to the hypothesis that price changes are positively related to liquidity changes. This is in contrast to the results of Muscarella/Vetsuypens (1996) and Amihud/Mendelson/Lauterbach (1997). The paper shows that the announcement effect to German stock splits is best explained by a neglected firm effect. On the methodological side the effect of thin trading on event study results is examined. Using tradeto-trade returns increases the significance of abnormal returns but the difference between alternative return measurement methods is relatively small in short event periods. Thus, the observed market reaction cannot be attributed to measurement problems caused by thin trading.


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This article describes all additional considerations that must be taken into account when deploying a K2B Audit application (i.e. an application that uses K2B Audit).
K2B Audit generates objects that should be kept away from public access. We call them "audit management objects". Audit management objects manage database triggers and may be used to understand your Data base structure, disable or enable triggers, etc. It is recommended to deploy them to a separate, non public, Web application.
Please take a look at the Deployment considerations for detailed information.
A K2B Audit application has three basic components:
- The application itself
- The audit analysis objects
- The audit management objects
There are no special considerations for deploying the application itself but to be sure it does not accidentally contain audit analysis or management objects that you do not want in it.
Audit analysis objects are used to process and query audit data. They do not change audit data but may be used to understand your application data base. They should be deployed to different web application. One having more restrictive access than the application itself. The list of main audit analysis objects follows:
Audit management objects are critical in terms of security. Having access to them may be used to understand your application data base and to start/stop auditing. They are usually not public. The list of main audit management objects follows:
- All files in K2B Audit SQL scripts directory
A K2B Audit application needs to populate K2B Audit tables with application metadata (data about the application been audited) and to define database triggers to work properly.
To populate K2B Audit tables, run K2BAudit.CreateAuditMetadataMain at the command line. Be sure the K2B Audit SQL scripts directory is accessible to this program.
There are two options to create database triggers.
The first one is to run K2BAudit.CreateAllTriggersMain at the command line. This is the easiest way but needs to be executed using a database user with sufficient privileges to perform the task. if access to such user is not available, use the second option.
The second option is to run the K2BAuditInitializationCommands.sql script using an appropriate SQL Query editor (usually part of the DBMS tool set). This is usually done by the Database Administrator.


text: OBJECTIVE To determine clinical relevance for quantitative and qualitative features of canine hepatic masses evaluated by use of triphasic CT and B-mode, color flow, power, and pulsed-wave Doppler ultrasonography and to compare diagnostic accuracy of these modalities for predicting mass type on the basis of histopathologic classification. ANIMALS 44 client-owned dogs. PROCEDURES Dogs with histopathologic confirmation (needle core, punch, or excisional biopsy) of a hepatic mass were enrolled. Triphasic CT and B-mode, color flow, power, and pulsed-wave Doppler ultrasonography of each hepatic mass were performed. Seventy quantitative and qualitative variables of each hepatic mass were recorded by 5 separate observers and statistically evaluated with discriminant and stepwise analyses. Significant variables were entered in equation-based predictions for the histopathologic diagnosis. RESULTS An equation that included the lowest delayed-phase absolute enhancement of the mass and the highest venous-phase mass conspicuity was used to correctly classify 43 of 46 (93.5%) hepatic masses as benign or malignant. An equation that included only the lowest delayed-phase absolute enhancement of the mass could be used to correctly classify 42 of 46 (91.3%) masses (with expectation of malignancy if this value was < 37 Hounsfield units). For ultrasonography, categorization of the masses with cavitations as malignant achieved a diagnostic accuracy of 80.4%. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Triphasic CT had a higher accuracy than ultrasonography for use in predicting hepatic lesion classification. The lowest delayed-phase absolute enhancement of the mass was a simple calculation that required 2 measurements and aided in the differentiation of benign versus malignant hepatic masses.


Highland Necropolis.jpg
Present day Highland Necropolis.
The Highland Necropolis is a city inhabited by the undead and demons, teeming with Dark Chi emanating from the Sealed Palace. The gateway to the city is closed off and closely guarded by the Snapjaw Tribe to prevent the darkness from spreading outside of the city.
Previously, the city was known as Highland Central, a central hub of the southern Eastern Continent and home to Prince Sogun and Princess Solaan. Thirty years prior, the Prince Sogun attempted to perform the Divine Mandate Ritual in order to become the next Stratus Emperor. However, the ritual was incorrectly performed, opening a gate to the Dark Realm. The Sacred Beasts of the Moonwater Plains arrived to fight the darkness while Stratus Director General Doyung attempts to rescue the citizens. The city quickly became a lost cause and the plan turned to keeping the Dark Chi contained to the city. All infected citizens and soldiers were swiftly killed and travel outside the city was closed off. By the time the Four Guardians arrived, all that could be done was to seal the darkness away into the Highland Palace. It would still periodically trickle Dark Chi into the city which the Snapjaw Tribe would perpetually have to fight off.
Current Timeline
Many lost and undead souls still wander the Necropolis along with creatures created by the Dark Chi. Anything within the city becomes corrupted from spiders and scorpions, to bats and Soul Wardens who enter the city to help. Even normal objects like swords, plates, and books turn into creatures called Dokkaebi.
The hero manages to quell a large part of the darkness by freeing General Doyung's soul.
Notable Places
The Highland Necropolis.png
The marked off area is the Highland Necropolis which is separate from the Orchard of Souls.
 - Snapjaw Camp
 - Bloodscale Post
 - Soul Ward
 - Orchard of Souls


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"Itinerary" menu
On the home screen, press "Menu" > "Navigation" > NAV > "Route" to access the following menus:
- "Edit route";
- "Stop guidance";
- "Traffic on route";
- "Avoidances";
- "Overview";
- "Route".
Precautions regarding navigation
Use of the navigation system does not in any way replace the responsibility or vigilance of the driver when driving the vehicle.
"Edit route"
Note: this menu is available when there is a route saved. If there is no route saved, you can create one by selecting the "New route" function.
Setting a start point
To set a start point on the route, press 1, "Set Start Point", then "Set new point".
Choose the location the same way as you choose a destination. The default start point is your current GPS position.
Once your starting position is set, you can simulate the route that you will take to the destination. Press the "Go" button. Once your route has been planned, press the "Simulate Route" option on the pop-up menu.
Adding a destination
To set a new destination, press 3 then enter this destination. You can select a point of interest (POI) as detailed previously.
Adding a waypoint
Press 4 between the start point and end point to insert waypoints along your route (e.g. if you wish to travel via a specific location in order to pick somebody up). Choose the location the same way as you choose a destination. Your system will calculate a new route that passes the waypoint(s) you chose before reaching your final destination.
Pop-up menu 2
The pop-up menu 2 grants access to the following functions:
- Select and delete: use this function to delete specific stages of the route, or the entire route;
- "Reorder": you can manually reorder your list of waypoints.
To confirm your route, press "Go" at the bottom of the screen. The system calculates the new route and the navigation guidance will begin.
"Cancel route"
Select this function to stop the current navigation.
"Traffic on route"
This function displays the traffic map during the route.
To avoid certain sections of the route (e.g. in the event of a traffic jam not flagged up by the system), select "Avoidances" from the "Itinerary" menu.
You can choose to avoid the following elements:
- "Specific sections": to avoid a certain type of road on the route. For example, you can skip a section of a motorway or a ferry;
- "Section of the navigation": to indicate a preferred distance over which the saved route should be avoided. The screen displays the distance, the avoided section of the route and the detour on the map. You can also see the change to distance and estimated duration of the route compared to the original route at the top of the screen;
- "Specific road": to avoid a road on your route. For example, you can skip a road where you expect heavy traffic, but the Traffic system has not warned you about it;
- "Restore original route": to cancel detours you set previously.
In all cases you are presented with a map screen, where you can see the avoided section, the detour and the estimated change in length and duration and the duration in relation to your initially calculated route.
To confirm your settings, press "Accept".
The route overview can be displayed by pressing "Overview" from the "Route" menu or after selecting a destination and calculating the route. The multimedia system displays information about your journey (distance, journey time, road types, traffic etc.).
When a route is in progress, use the 5 control for a more precise view of your destination.
Pop-up menu 5
Press 5 to access the following functions:
- "Route Alternatives";
- "Itinerary";
- "Route";
- "Add route to address book";
- Simulate Route.
For further information, please refer to the section on "Entering a destination".
"Route type"
This function enables you to change the current route calculation method and to recalculate. By choosing this type of route itinerary, you are also setting the default route calculation method for future route calculations.
To fund out about the various methods of calculating a route, please refer to the section on "Map".
Route preferences
The route preferences are restrictions which affect the route calculation. For further information, please refer to the "Map" section.
How to program a route in the "navigation" world?


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What are the internal and external conflicts that Hamlet faced? The 3 numbers in the parentheses represent what act, scene, and page the quote was in. For example (I,2,135) would mean that the quote would be located in Act 1, section 2, on page 135. I don't know if improvements are needed, but if you can improve it, then go for it.
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Many different responses of internal and external conflicts are reflected in much of literature. William Shakespeare wrote a play called Hamlet, in which the character of Hamlet deals with both external and internal conflict. Ha…
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Frances F. Dunwell. The Hudson: America's River. Columbia University Press, 2008. 320. $29.95 (paper), ISBN 978-0-231-13641-9.
Reviewed by Matthew Evenden
Published on H-Environment (April, 2009)
Commissioned by Charles-François Mathis
Celebrating America's River
Of all the units chosen for analysis by environmental historians, the river basin or watershed must be one of the most common. Some of the defining titles of the subdiscipline, from Donald Worster's Rivers of Empire (1985) to Richard White's Organic Machine (1995), focus principally on rivers and how people interact with them. These works have made important contributions to scholarship, pushing debates in new directions, and not only about rivers. If, to paraphrase Claude Levi-Strauss, rivers are good to think with, then this is because they touch on so many of the problems and concerns of environmental historians.
Environmental histories of rivers also command public attention in a way that thematic studies rarely do. Both Worster and White's books, for example, are read as widely outside the academy as within. This is partly because river histories offer audiences a subject that can, from the outset, be grasped. Rivers are understood as complex systems but also intimately known places.
Although environmental historians have contributed to public understandings of river issues, they write in a crowded field. Amongst proponents of landscape preservation, and environmental heritage, river history has an important place. Tim Palmer, one of the most effective popularizers of environmental history, writes almost exclusively about rivers. Both Canada and the United States sponsor federal heritage river programs to preserve and deepen the connections between people and their surroundings.
Although these efforts bear contemporary origins, the ideas behind them may be found in a range of books across the twentieth century. The Rivers of America series, published by Farrar & Rinehart, and edited by Constance Lindsay Skinner, helped to create the genre. Whereas Worster and White would later write about dammed and transformed rivers with the concerns of modern environmentalism hanging over them, the rivers at the center of Skinner's series were platforms for frontier tales of progress. Change, in these books, was inscribed with a sense of progress rather than loss. Where loss was noted, it was generally seen as inevitable.
Frances Dunwell's The Hudson: America's River bridges recent work in environmental history with this older tradition of river-writing. As the subtitle suggests, this is a book written with a broad and evocative brush and a message about the Hudson as a national symbol. The Hudson for Dunwell is a river that offers tales of progress, national self-realization, and environmental challenges faced and to some extent overcome. While many recent environmental histories of rivers read like laments, Dunwell's can be described as a celebration. The front cover captures well the upbeat mood to follow: an historic sloop tacks along the Hudson with an impressive home in the background on a slope cloaked with a sunny patch of grass. The earliest hints of fall touch the leaves of surrounding maples and the uplands retreat into the early signs of dusk. Nineteenth-century visitors would have called the view picturesque.
While academic environmental historians would hesitate strongly before describing any river as America's river, Dunwell's purpose is clear. She aims to situate the Hudson as a central artery of American national(ist) history, with a view to educating a wide readership in its significance for conservation. The book was sponsored in its early stages by Scenic Hudson, an organization that seeks to build links between local communities and their Hudson River. This democratic-conservationist impulse is further underlined in the foreword, written by Robert Kennedy, Jr., and by the notice that all royalties will be donated to river conservation. Dunwell's career spans several river organizations but she has come to historical writing on her own. The result then is an impassioned text, beautifully illustrated with photographs and art, with an episodic but usually entertaining approach to American history read through the prism of one river.
What can environmental historians learn from a book like this? The main contribution is not in terms of scholarship. Some of the points of emphasis and selection appear unusual or at least unjustified to this reader. How else to explain a whole chapter recounting the place of the Hudson in the American Revolution, while the period of British occupation and settlement in the preceding centuries is treated in a comparatively cursory manner? While I appreciated the attention to the Hudson Highlands in this book, I was surprised by the lack of focus on New York City. Where the book will hold greater value for environmental historians is as a body of contemporary evidence about environmentalism and the Hudson River. Dunwell's final chapter on the organization of Hudson River conservation since the early 1960s provides a lively and interesting perspective on changes in which the organization that sponsored her early research participated and showed leadership. Her attempts to explain the links between environmental debates on the Hudson and national debates over the Clean Water Act are useful.
The more important contribution of this book for environmental historians is as a model of how to engage a public audience. Scholars may not wish to follow Dunwell all the way down the path she cuts, but they can learn from some of her choices. The large print format provides possibilities for an increased display of visual evidence and maps than is normally the case in academic texts. Dunwell has put a great deal of time into researching visual sources and integrating them into this volume and the result is impressive. Academics might cringe at the appearance of a coffee-table book but most readers will not. Dunwell is also very successful in creating stories. Although one can quibble with her subject choices and arguments, Dunwell tries hard to reach out and captivate readers and she tells her stories well, taking opportunities to wrap broader processes around biographical narratives. Finally, Dunwell has laid the groundwork for a readership. The book emerges out of an engagement with conservation groups, displays quotations from important river advocates including Pete Seeger, and tries to offer something to Hudson River communities by ploughing royalties back into river conservation.
. See, for example, Tim Palmer, American by Rivers (Washington, DC: Island Press, 1996)
. Nicolaas Mink, "A Narrative for Nature's Nation: Constance Lindsay Skinner and the Making of Rivers of America," EnvironmentalHistory 11 (October 2006): 751-774.
If there is additional discussion of this review, you may access it through the list discussion logs at: _URL_
Matthew Evenden. Review of Dunwell, Frances F., The Hudson: America's River.
H-Environment, H-Net Reviews.
|This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 United States License.|


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Selecting goals of care
When you ask "what are we trying to accomplish?" you're talking about setting a goal. Goal setting is a crucial part of making appropriate treatment and care decisions, for yourself or someone else.
The goals of care you select should depend on the circumstances, and goals often change when the circumstances change. Based on the goals you select, different treatment choices will be appropriate.
Possible goals of care include
- curing the illness, or stopping or slowing down its progress
- maintaining or improving function
- prolonging life
- being clear-headed or in control
- allowing a natural death, and
- relieving pain and suffering.
Making appropriate decisions
To make appropriate care decisions for yourself or someone else you must do five things,
- ask questions and get answers,
- select and adjust the goals of care,
- develop and adjust care and treatment plans,
- select places for care, and
- follow through.
You also need to know: the current health situation, the treatment options (including their benefits, burdens and risks), and the likely outcomes.
Want to do the best job making care decisions? Be sure to focus on the goals of care.


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The Siberian Husky breed originated more than 3,000 years ago as a sled dog used by the Chukchi people of the eastern Siberian Peninsula in northeast Asia. The Chukchi selected medium-sized dogs with the endurance and desire to run for hours in the cold, hauling light loads over long distances. In the early 20th century, some Chukchi dogs were imported to Alaska for use in sled racing. Soon after the famous 1925 relay of sled dog teams that carried serum to fight a diphtheria epidemic, Chukchi dogs were recognized by the American Kennel Club as Siberian Huskies.
Although Siberian Huskies were used by the Chukchi as working dogs, they were also family dogs. The Chukchi brought them into their homes and encouraged their children to play with them. Today, Siberian Huskies are typically gentle with humans, including children, and are equally cordial with other dogs. If attacked by another dog, however, they will fight back aggressively. Siberians also have a strong predatory instinct, and may chase small animals such as squirrels, rabbits, birds, and the family cat. They also have a willful and independent streak, so patience is required when training them; however, they are trainable. They can learn obedience commands, but they may not consistently or immediately obey an owner's every order.
Siberian Huskies need a home with a yard and ample space to run and play. They also need substantial interaction with their human families or with other dogs. If owned by someone who lives in a small apartment or who is away from home most of the day, the Siberian can quickly become bored and may act out this boredom and loneliness in destructive ways. Adopting a second Siberian to keep the first company may be one way to avoid the mischief that can be a consequence of loneliness.
Siberian Huskies need plenty of exercise, but because they were bred for life in arctic conditions, they can easily become overheated. They fare better in cooler climates or when they are exercised primarily during the cool morning hours. Keeping the air conditioner on during warm days can also keep them comfortable and safe.
Siberian Huskies are notorious escape artists, and can squeeze through the smallest hole or climb the tallest fence in a quest for adventure. It's essential that owners vigilantly inspect fences and other structures for openings the Siberian could use to escape. When taken for walks or other activities outside the home, Siberian Huskies should always be on leash, to prevent them from running off to pursue a small animal or investigate an intriguing scent.
Interaction with Strangers
Siberians like people, and they will greet strangers as enthusiastically as they greet their human family members. Because of this, they don't make good guard dogs, and they likely will not bark or otherwise alert their owners if a stranger approaches them or the home. Siberians must be kept under control when meeting new people, to prevent them from jumping up on strangers and greeting them too eagerly. A Siberian Husky's greeting could be unwelcome in the eyes of people who are not comfortable around dogs.
References & Resources
This information is for informational purposes only and is not meant as a substitute for the professional advice of, or diagnosis or treatment by, your veterinarian. Always seek the advice of your veterinarian or other qualified professional with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Never disregard or delay seeking professional advice due to what you may have read on our website.


European Environment Agency's home page Environmental spatial data: what is happening where? When taken as a single variable, population density, transport infrastructure, soil types, land use and terrain characteristics, might tell only a part of the story. What links them together and allows us to get a better understanding of what is happening where? How does spatial data help improve Europe's environmental policies? We asked these questions to Stefan Jensen, who leads a group working on implementing the Shared Environmental Information System (SEIS) – with a focus on spatial reference data – at the European Environment Agency. What is a spatial data? What does it tell us?
Almost all environmental data we have today can be classified as spatial data. Spatial data tells us what is happening where. Urban sprawl data could tell us how different urban areas have developed over time, how many people live in the area concerned, where the infrastructure is located, etc. Or in the case of flooding, we could see not only the size of the area that is affected, but also what is in that area. Does the area include towns, agricultural land, forests, etc.? Is it a highly populated area? Where can you be exposed to pollution?
It contains geospatial references, such as point coordinates or larger areas, but it actually includes many additional attributes. In this respect, spatial data provides the glue and the context of environmental information, essential for understanding and assessing what is happening.
In the case of floods, landslides or erosion, it is very important to have accurate and detailed spatial data to be able to be able to act quickly on the ground.
Where does it come from? What does the EEA do with it?
The data comes from a wide range of sources. Some come from satellite imagery, some come from our member countries and are linked to specific legislation and monitoring programmes on the ground. Others are collected by citizens using e.g. mobile phone applications.
To gather spatial data, the European Environment Agency works very closely with European and global partners, including those in our European Environmental Information and Observation Network (Eionet), and the Joint Research Centre and Eurostat.
We use these data sets in various ways. First, we use them for our own assessments of Europe's environment in form of reports, indicators, maps, etc. They are an important element of our daily work. Second, we publish them as data sets for others to use. All the data we publish online is free of charge and can be used by anyone. Many research institutes around the world use these data sets for their assessments.
How relevant is spatial data to policy making?
The European Union has a large body of legislation related and referring to the environment. Most require and rely on collecting and reporting spatial data. In that sense, spatial data is essential for environmental legislation. However, the data work actually does not end when required by legislation. In many cases, it starts there.
For the data to be relevant and usable, it needs to be comparable based on agreed standards. In particular, the data on the socio-economics of Europe, which is directly linked to the pressures on and responses to environmental issues, needs to fit in a coherent framework. There are EU initiatives aimed at addressing spatial data standardisation, interoperability and availability issues. For example, the EU's Inspire Directive aims at building an infrastructure for the spatial data held by public bodies.
When collecting environmental data, European countries might be using different parameters. Some are due to differences in the way countries transposed EU legislation into their national laws.
The selection of the most relevant parameters needs to be done in accordance with a logical framework. As in the case of 'flooded area' and 'population density' it is needed to understand who might be exposed to environmental damages. This might involve developing thematic data models, which address very concrete questions such as how deep the data should go or how many parameters it should consist of. The connections need to be useful.
This line of work – interoperability and standardisation and enhanced scale – will also help us improve environmental planning and impact assessments. There is a huge difference between 'there is a flood happening somewhere in Denmark' and 'there is a flood happening affecting these parts of Copenhagen, where given population density and elevation levels, this many people might be affected.'
What will spatial data look like in the future?
Recent technological developments, especially in digital mapping, remote sensing and imagery, mobile phones and apps, were a game changer for spatial data. I think the technology will continue to develop. And as a result, the availability and the quality of spatial data will increase. Already now I can navigate across borders and access some environmental information from a very detailed, local level to an overarching global level.
Stefan Jensen
Stefan Jensen
Interview published in the issue no.2014/3 of the EEA newsletter, September 2014.
No publisher seis spatial data geospatial data inspire directive 2014/09/12 15:10:00 GMT+2 Article
What do the maps show?
About the European Environment Agency (EEA)
About the Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES)


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Mini how-to "mbed-os-example-blinky"
You can compile the project using mbed compiler online or locally on your PC.
MBED Compiler on-line
The following steps will show you how to compile the project via browser:
1. Go to the Sensor Node page.
2. Click on the + Add to your Mbed Compiler button.
3. From the mbed-os-example-blinky page click on the Import into the Compiler button.
4. From the following form import the project:
5. Once imported check if you selected the right platform, on the right of the screen you should have this:
If there is another platform please click on it and select the Avnet Silica ST Sensor
6. Now you are able to compile the project just clicking on compile button:
7. After the compilation you will download automatically the firmware
8. Copy the binary file mbed-os-example-blinky.bin into the mass-storage TilePlus of the SensorNode board.
The following steps will show you how to compile the project on your PC:
1. Clone this repository with the command:
The cloning process requires few minutes.
2. Enter in the directory and compile the project:
$ cd mbed-os-example-blinky
$ mbed compile -m SILICA_SENSOR_NODE -t GCC_ARM
3. Once compiled copy the binary file mbed-os-example-blinky.bin into the mass-storage TilePlus of the SensorNode board.
You will find the mbed-os-example-blinky.bin file at:
Please close with jumpers the following pins marked as yellow in order to power supply the board via micro-usb cable.
In the red rectangles, with this configuration is not important if you have connected the battery and if the switch is closed or open.


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- Global Pricing Strategies: Determining the appropriate pricing strategy for international markets,


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The prickly-pear cactus, or chumbera, grows profusely in and around Alcalá. It is used for hedges, being fast-growing, hardy and totally livestock-proof, and sprouts along the side of the roads like piles of disorganised green plates growing randomly out of each other. We have a big tangle of it on the hill behind our house, where it provides refuge and food for countless small birds. The fruits are known as higos chumbos, or more commonly, just chumbos. Higo means fig, as when they were first bought to Spain from the Americas - possibly by Columbus himself - people confused them with the Indian fig. They rapidly spread across southern Europe and North Africa and were later introduced to Australia and South Africa.
|CHUMBERAS BEHIND OUR HOUSE|
"Now when you pick a pawpaw, Or a prickly pear
And you prick a raw paw, next time beware
Don't pick the prickly pear by the paw
When you pick a pear, try to use the claw!"
Good advice there from Balou the Bear in the Jungle Book movie. They can attack in two ways; the long sharp smooth spikes, and small hairlike spines called glochids which can penetrate skin and cause sores round the mouth if the fruit is eaten without being cleaned properly. One way of getting rid of the glochids is to rotate the fruit in a flame.
|CHUMBO FLOWERS AND SPINES|
A possibly apocryphal story of which the chumbo is a key protagonist concerns a family who moved from Alcalá to Hawaii in 1911 to work in the sugar cane plantations. Although they were relatively well paid, the father, José Soto, eventually became homesick for his native town. They couldn't afford the passage, but one day he noticed that his daughter had dyed her lips red with chumbo juice. He started surreptitiously eating large quantities of them until his urine had turned bright red. After a few weeks with no change in his condition his employers feared that he was suffering from an incurable and possibly contagious illness, and agreed to release him from his contract and repatriate his family. Miraculously, as soon as he had the travel papers in his pocket, his urine returned to normal...


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How to Open a Jammed Freezer Drawer?
To open a jammed freezer drawer, start by wiggling the handle to check for any obstructions that may be causing it to stick.
If that doesn't work, unplug the freezer and wait for about an hour to allow it to thaw.
Be cautious to not damage the freezer while attempting to open the drawer.
If the door or drawer is still stuck after thawing, there may be a problem with the freezer itself and it's advisable to call a repairman.
Possible issues with the freezer door or drawer include a faulty gasket, hinges, latch, closure cams, or gears.
A faulty gasket can cause frost to build up, and it can be easily replaced by ordering a new one and installing it correctly.
It's essential to avoid overfilling the freezer to maintain proper air circulation and leave at least half of it full.
Check for old or spoiled food and dispose of it to create more space.
If unsure about the safety of the food, it's best to discard it.
Lastly, if the freezer door opens on its own, it may be due to a faulty gasket or latch, issues with hinges or closure cams, overfilling, or the freezer not being level.
Freezer drawers can be replaced, but they must be the same model and size.
- Wiggle the handle to check for obstructions causing the freezer drawer to stick
- If the handle wiggling doesn't work, unplug the freezer and let it thaw for about an hour
- Be careful not to damage the freezer while trying to open the drawer
- If the door or drawer is still stuck after thawing, call a repairman
- Possible issues with the freezer door or drawer include faulty gasket, hinges, latch, closure cams, or gears
- Faulty gaskets can be easily replaced by ordering and installing a new one correctly.
Did You Know?
1. The world's largest popsicle was made in 2005, weighing a whopping 17.5 tons! It was a strawberry-flavored delight measuring 21 feet in length, which is more than twice the size of an average freezer drawer!
2. Did you know that before the invention of freezers, people used to store food in iceboxes? These early refrigerators relied on large blocks of ice to keep food cool, and the ice would need to be replenished regularly.
3. The concept of freezing food for long-term storage dates back centuries. Some ancient civilizations, like the Chinese and the Romans, would use mountainside ice caves to store food during harsh winters. This frozen food would then be enjoyed throughout the year.
4. Have you ever wondered why ice cubes sometimes stick together in the freezer? This phenomenon is called "bridging" and occurs when the cubes melt slightly and then refreeze together. It's caused by the water molecules bonding together when they come into contact.
5. When a freezer drawer becomes jammed, one simple trick to open it is to use a hairdryer. By directing hot air onto the edges of the drawer, the heat can cause the metal or plastic to expand slightly, making it easier to slide open. However, make sure to be cautious and avoid overheating any surrounding materials!
Wiggling The Handle To Check For Obstructions
When you encounter a jammed freezer drawer or door, the first step is to try wiggling the handle gently. Sometimes, an obstruction such as a stray item or ice buildup may be blocking the door's movement. By applying slight pressure while moving the handle back and forth, you can check for any hindrances that might be causing the jam. If you feel any resistance, do not force the handle as it may lead to further damage. Instead, move on to the next troubleshooting step.
If the handle wiggles freely without any obstructions but the freezer door or drawer remains stuck, there may be a different underlying issue. In such cases, it is important to proceed with caution to avoid damaging the freezer.
Freezer Door Frozen Shut? Try Thawing It Out
One common reason behind a jammed freezer door is the formation of frost, which freezes the door shut. If the handle wiggling technique does not resolve the problem, it is likely due to ice accumulation. In this case, you can unplug the freezer and allow it to thaw for approximately an hour. This will give enough time for the ice to melt, restoring the door's functionality.
Bear in mind that opening the freezer door frequently or leaving it open for extended periods of time can lead to frost buildup. It is essential to maintain proper freezer habits to prevent such issues in the future. Regularly defrosting the freezer and keeping the door closed tightly will help avoid freezing problems.
Avoid Damaging The Freezer – Open With Care
While attempting to open a jammed freezer door or drawer, it is crucial to exercise caution and prevent any potential damage to the appliance. Forcing the door open or using excessive strength may result in broken hinges, damaged gaskets, or other mechanical problems. These situations can be expensive to repair and even render the freezer unusable.
If you are unable to open the door or drawer after trying the aforementioned methods, the best course of action is to contact a professional repair service. They possess the necessary expertise to handle such situations without causing further harm to the appliance.
- Exercise caution when opening a jammed freezer door or drawer.
- Using excessive force can lead to broken hinges, damaged gaskets, or other mechanical problems.
- Contact a professional repair service if unable to open the door or drawer after attempting these methods.
Calling A Repairman For A Stuck Door
If you have exhausted all the quick-fix options and the freezer door or drawer remains stubbornly jammed, it is time to reach out to a qualified repairman. Persistent door jams may indicate a more serious problem with the freezer itself. Attempting to fix the issue without proper knowledge and experience can lead to further damage or void any warranty that may be in place.
When contacting a repairman, be prepared to provide them with detailed information about the jammed freezer drawer or door. They will be able to diagnose the problem accurately and provide you with the necessary solutions. Remember that safety should always come first, and it is better to seek professional help than risk causing irreversible damage.
Possible Issues With Freezer Door Mechanisms
Several factors can contribute to a freezer door or drawer getting stuck. Common culprits include faulty gaskets, hinges, latches, closure cams, or gears. These components ensure smooth operation and airtight seals, which are essential for preserving the freshness and quality of your frozen goods.
A faulty gasket, for instance, can allow warm air to infiltrate the freezer, causing frost to accumulate over time. Luckily, replacing a gasket is relatively easy. By ordering a new one and installing it according to the manufacturer's instructions, you can restore the integrity of the freezer's seal and prevent future jams from occurring.
It is important to note that freezer drawers can also be replaced, but it is crucial to ensure that the new drawer matches the model and size of the existing one. Mismatched accessories may not fit properly, leading to functionality issues and potential damage to the freezer.
Easy Fix For A Faulty Gasket
A faulty gasket is a common cause of freezer door jams and compromised insulation. Replacing a faulty gasket is a simple fix that can be easily accomplished. Here are the steps to follow:
Order a new gasket that is specifically designed for your freezer model.
Unplug the freezer to avoid any electrical hazards.
Gently remove the damaged gasket by detaching it from the anchor points around the door. Take note of how the old gasket was installed for guidance during the installation of the new gasket.
Carefully align the new gasket along the door, ensuring that it fits snugly into place.
Reattach the new gasket to the anchor points using the appropriate fasteners or adhesive, following the manufacturer's instructions.
Perform a quick test by closing and opening the door. You should notice a notable improvement in the ease of use and the freezer's overall performance.
Encountering a jammed freezer door can be frustrating, but with the right troubleshooting steps, it can be resolved without causing further damage. By checking for obstructions and trying to thaw out the freezer door, if necessary, you can often alleviate the issue. However, if the door remains stuck or you suspect a more significant problem, it is best to contact a professional repairman.
Remember to maintain proper freezer habits, such as avoiding overfilling and regularly defrosting, to prevent future jams. With these tips and a little patience, you can keep your freezer accessible and functioning smoothly for years to come.
Check this out:
Frequently Asked Questions
How do you open a stuck freezer drawer?
To open a stuck freezer drawer, start by unplugging the refrigerator and allowing the freezer to defrost completely. This typically takes around 24-48 hours. Once defrosted, carefully open the freezer and ensure that any moisture is wiped dry, paying close attention to the rails that the drawer sits on. Afterward, it is important to let the freezer air dry for another 24 hours before plugging the refrigerator back in. This will help prevent any future sticking issues and ensure smooth operation of the drawer.
How do you open a jammed freezer door?
To open a jammed freezer door, try pressing your finger into the inside corner of the door seal to alleviate some of the suction created. This can help release the door and make it easier to open after closing. Additionally, if the door has just been closed and is difficult to open, it is advisable to wait for approximately one minute. This allows the pressure to equalize and makes it easier to open the door without excessive force.
Why is


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- Globalization (1) (remove)
- East African Muslims After 9/11 (2005)
- Much has been said about 9/11, but little research has been done on the impact the events had on Africa. This paper explores how Muslims in East Africa view the terrorist attacks of 9/11. Particular attention will be given to the case of Kenya. What were the effects and consequences of 9/11 for Muslim communities there? How do they perceive the "war on terrorism", how did the changing configuration of geopolitics in the aftermath of 9/11 affect their lives and attitudes? What are the future prospects of ChristianMuslim understanding in East Africa? The paper argues that the initial sentiment of sympathy with the victims has been replaced by the rise of anti-American attitudes among the East African Muslim population. Although this tendency will probably continue as long as policy makers think of anti-Americanism in terms of an "image problem", the impact of 9/11 on East Africa will in the long run not depend on global issues, but on the course of political and religious developments on the national and local levels.


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The separation of coal and gangue is an important process of the coal preparation technology. The conventional way of manual selection and separation of gangue from the raw coal can be replaced by computer vision technology. In the literature, research on image recognition and classification of coal and gangue is mainly based on the grayscale and texture features of the coal and gangue. However, there are few studies on characteristics of coal and gangue from the perspective of their outline differences. Therefore, the multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MFDFA) method is introduced in this paper to extract the geometric features of coal and gangue. Firstly, the outline curves of coal and gangue in polar coordinates are detected and achieved along the centroid, thereby the multifractal characteristics of the series are analyzed and compared. Subsequently, the modified local singular spectrum widths
of the outline curve series are extracted as the characteristic variables of the coal and gangue for pattern recognition. Finally, the extracted geometric features by MFDFA combined with the grayscale and texture features of the images are compared with other methods, indicating that the recognition rate of coal gangue images can be increased by introducing the geometric features.
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited


= \vert T_*m\vert = m\{\bom_{-1} \cap \bom_+\} = m\{\bom_{-1}\}$. Denote by $\Cal M_n$, $\Cal M_+$ and $\Cal M$ the classes of (SRB-like) probability measures supported on $\bom_n$, $\bom_+$ and $\Omega$, respectively. \proclaim {Theorem 11.1\ \ [Ch-M-T(1998)]} There is a unique (SRB-like) conditionally invariant measure $\mu_+ \in \Cal M_+$, i. e. the operator $T_+ : \Cal M_+ \to \Cal M_+$ has a unique fixed point $\mu_+$. \endproclaim \proclaim {Theorem 11.2\ \ [Ch-M-T(1998)]} For any measure $m_0\in \Cal M_0$, the sequence of measures $T_+^nm_0$ converges weakly, as $n \to \infty$, to the conditionally invariant measure $\mu_+$. Moreover, the sequence of measures $\lambda_+^{-n} (T_*^nm_0)$ converges weakly to $\rho(m_0)\mu_+$, where the functions $\rho(m_0)$ and $\rho^{-1}(m_0)$ are uniformly bounded on $\Cal M_0$. \endproclaim \proclaim {Theorem 11.3\ \ [Ch-M-T(1998)]} The sequence $T^{-n}\mu_+$ converges weakly, as $n \to \infty$, to a $T$-invariant probability measure $\hat \mu_+ \in \Cal M$. The measure $\hat \mu_+$ is ergodic and K-mixing. \endproclaim The aforementioned results have their natural duals by changing the signs, and then one obtains $\mu_-, \hat \mu_-, \lambda_-$. \proclaim {Theorem 11.4\ \ [Ch-M-T(1998)]} If for every periodic point $x \in \Omega$, $T^kx=x$ we have $\vert \det DT^kx\vert = 1$, then $\hat \mu_+ = \hat \mu_- = \hat \mu $ and $ \lambda_+ = \lambda_- =\lambda$. In particular, this happens if the given Anosov-diffeomorphism preserves a smooth invariant measure. \endproclaim (In [Ch-M-T(1998)] it is also conjectured that $\hat \mu_+$ is a Bernoulli-measure, and has a fast decay of correlations.) The following theorem not only answers Question 1, most interesting from the point of view of physical applications, but also proves the {\it escape rate formula} of K-G(1988). We call $\gamma_+:= - \log \lambda_+$ the {\it escape rate} of the system. Denote by $\lambda_+$ the positive Lyapunov exponent of the ergodic measure $\hat \mu_+$, and by $h(\hat \mu_+)$ its Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy. \proclaim {Theorem 11.5\ \ [Ch-M-T(1998)]} $$ \gamma_+ = \lambda_+ - h(\hat \mu_+) \tag 11.6 $$ \endproclaim An interesting feature of the escape rate formula (11.6) is that its right hand side is defined exclusively in terms of the measure $\hat \mu_+$ given on the repeller $\bom_+$, whereas $\gamma_+$ is the rate with which an initial measure given on whole $\bom$ gets pulled down to the repeller. It is an interesting task to generalize Theorems 11.1-5 for Anosov-systems with singularities and subsequently for billiards. \bigskip \noindent {\bf Remark 11.7.} For dynamical systems of large linear size $L$, which actually are appropriate models of transport phenomena, Gaspard and Nicolis, [G-N(1990)] derived a beautiful equation replacing the escape rate formula. For definiteness, let us think of a Lorentz-process (i. e. a dispersive, finite-horizon billiard with a periodic configuration of scatterers) in an elongated periodic container of integer length $L$; the boundary condition in the direction of the $y$-axis is periodic, whereas those in the direction of the $x$-axis at $x=0$ and $x=L$ are open, i. e. $B = (\{x=0\} \cup \{x=L\}) \times S^1$. This model determines a repeller $\bom_+(L)$ with SRB-like invariant measure $\hat \mu_+(L)$, for which we denote the positive Lyapunov-exponent by $\lambda_L$ and the K-S entropy by $h(\hat \mu_+(L))$. Then, by using the diffusion approximation for the Lorentz-process, Gaspard and Nicolis proved analytically that $$ \Cal D = \lim_{L\to \infty} (\frac{L}{\pi^2})\left( \lambda_L - h(\hat \mu_+(L)) \right) $$ where $\Cal D$ is the diffusion coefficient of the Lorentz process in the infinite slab (i. e. in the same model with $L=\infty$). Further related formulas and models are beyond the scope of the present survey. As references on this most alive direction of research we mention the papers of Gaspard and Dorfman, [G-D(1995)], of T\'el, Vollmer and Breymann, [T-V-B(1996)] and of Ruelle, [R(1999)]; for earlier related models of transport see the works of Lebowitz and Spohn, [L-S(1978)] and of Kr\'amli, Sim\'anyi and Sz\'asz, [K-S-Sz(1987)]. \bigskip \noindent {\bf Acknowledgment.} It is my pleasure to thank P\'eter B\'alint, Andr\'as Kr\'amli and N\'andor Sim\'anyi for their most careful reading of the manuscript and for their critical remarks. Moreover, I am the most grateful to Howie Weiss and Tam\'as T\'el for several basic references related to Sections 10 and 11, respectively. The research was also supported by the Hungarian-Portuguese joint grant No. P/97-10 through the cooperation of the Hungarian National Committee for Technological Development and the Instituto de Cooperacao Cientifica e Tecnol\'ogica Internacional. \bigskip \Refs \bigskip \ref\key \by \paper \jour \vol \pages \endref \widestnumber\key{B-P-L(1999)-II} \ref\key B(1934) \by A. S. Besicovitch \paper Sets of Fractional Dimension, IV. On Rational Approximations to Real Numbers \jour J. London Math. Soc. \vol 9 (1934) \pages 126-131 \endref \ref\key B-K-P(1998) \by L. Barreira, A Katok, Ya. Pesin \paper Non-Uniformly Hyperbolic Dynamical Systems \jour manuscript \vol \pages (1998) \endref \ref\key Ch(1998) \by N. I. Chernov \paper Statistical Properties of Piecewise Smooth Hyperbolic Systems in High Dimensions \jour \vol \pages \endref \ref\key Ch-H(1996) \by N. I. Chernov, C. Haskell \paper Nonuniformly Hyperbolic K-systems are Bernoulli \jour Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems \vol 16 \pages 19-44 (1996) \endref \ref\key Ch-M-T(1998) \by N. I. Chernov, R. Markarian, S. Troubetzkoy \paper Invariant Measures for Anosov Maps with Small Holes \jour Manuscript \vol \pages pp. 34 (1998) \endref \ref\key D(1997) \by D. Dolgopyat \paper Bounded Orbits of Anosov-Flows \jour Duke Math. J. \vol 87 (1997) \pages 87-114 \endref \ref\key E(1978) \by R. Engelking \paper Dimension Theory \jour North Holland \vol \pages (1978) \endref \ref\key F(1977) \by J. Franks \paper Invariant Sets of Hyperbolic Toral Automorphisms \jour Amer. J. of Math. \vol 99 (1977) \pages _PHONE_ \endref \ref\key G-D(1995) \by P. Gaspard, J. R. Dorfman \paper Chaotic Scattering Theory, Thermodynamic Formalism, and Transport Coefficients \jour Physical Review {\bf E} \vol 52 (1995) \pages 3525-3552 \endref \ref\key G-N(1990


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Surrounded by the wonderful wilderness of Gaya Mountain, is one of the most beautiful temple complexes in South Korea, the Haeinsa Temple. Indeed, the unique value of the Haeinsa Temple and its many treasures has now been recognized by UNESCO, who have designated it as a World Heritage Sight.
The most precious treasure of the sanctuary is located in a special section of the complex. The Tripitaka Koreana is the largest, oldest and most well preserved collection of Buddhist text in the whole of East Asia and for several centuries, its 80,000 wooden printing plates have been stored in the temple complex.
Traditional drum ceremonies play an important part in the daily life of Haeinsa's religious community and it is more than likely that the resonance of the drums will always fill the most famous Buddhist sanctuary in South Korea with their historic sounds.
Global Treasures - History's Most Protected Monuments - Heritage is our legacy from the past, what we live today, and what we pass on to future generations. Our cultural and natural heritage are both irreplaceable sources of life and inspiration. Places as unique and diverse as the wilds of East Africa's Serengeti, the Pyramids of Egypt, the Great Barrier Reef in Australia and the Baroque cathedrals of Latin America make up our world's heritage. Join us as we explore one of these protected monuments.


Saturday, November 13, 2010
Getting Good with Maya Fluids
Maya Fluid Testing from destruct007 on Vimeo.
Ok ok ok its been a while since I last posted. I have for you my "scientific method" of fluid testing. I use this a few times a week when in heavy development of a new effect. There are so many combinations of settings, it could be arguded billions of combinations, but lets say even a few million. There is no way and no one who can predict how a fluid will react given a set of attributes and influences. This is one of the key parts of fluids that make it hard to learn and harder to master. A master of fluids is someone who knows how to narrow in on the attributes that are effecting the fluid... well faster than someone who would just be good with fluids. I use this technique to help me understand different attributes. A lot of the time I fine my understanding challenged, and refined as I continue to learn what the hell is going on in there.


Quick Answer: How Much Is A Small Bale Of Hay?
How much does a 3x3x8 bale of hay weigh?
750 to 900 lbsThe 3x3x8 (sometimes a little shorter) work great.
They weight 750 to 900 lbs or so and flake off like small squares do.
Really like them because they handle easy and a smaller loader can pick them up and stack them, etc.
The 3x4x8 foot bales seem to weigh _PHONE_ lbs..
What is the going rate for baling hay?
HayingOperationMost Common 2016Baling – large round$12-15/bale$11-16/bale$10-13/bale$13/bale*39 more rows
How do I know if my hay is dry enough to bale?
Hay will not have completely cured in that time. He said many producers are using moisture probes to decide if hay is dry enough to bale, but probes measure the moisture only on the outside of the stem. Hay that measures 13 percent moisture can jump to 25 or 30 percent a few days after it's put up.
Can you bale hay at night?
How much does a round bale of hay cost 2020?
Large round bale straw averaged $58.00 per bale (a range of $40.00 – $85.00). In Nebraska, hay sold steady, demand is light in 2020. Some are having a hard time delivering hay because of muddy conditions. In Iowa, hay prices are lower compared to prices earlier in the fall.
How much does a rolled bale of hay weigh?
If you asked most people what the round bales they baled or bought weighed they would probably tell you a number between 1,000 and 1,200 pounds.
How many round bales of hay can you get from an acre?
How many square bales are in a 4×5 round bale?
For example, if the round bale weighs 1,000 pounds, then it equals 20 of your 50-pound small square bales. If the large round-bale weighs 1,200 pounds and the small square bales weigh 40 pounds, then one large round hay bale would be equal to 30 small square bales.
What size is a small bale of hay?
For farms and ranches feeding a small amount of livestock, small, squares bales are used because they can be easily carried by hand. The dimension of a small bale held together by three strings is approximately 16" high x 22" wide x 44" long (406.4 mm high x 558.8 mm wide x 1117.6 mm long) and usually weighs 100lbs.
How long after cutting hay can you bale it?
about three daysIt basically takes about three days of good weather to cure hay. This can be a challenge in late May or early June. A good strategy is to mow just before or right after a rain, because of the likelihood of good weather for the next few days.
How much is an acre of hay worth?
He says it costs about $297 per acre to seed and prepare hay ground. "You are going to get more than three years out of that, but if we use three years, that's about $100 per acre per year," Brown says. "If you are getting $125 per ton for quality hay, you are going to see a profit of $51 per ton, or $204 per acre.
How much is hay selling for?
Of course, this a supply/demand story right now for the hay market. Large round bales of hay are selling for $75 to $90 per ton higher than a year ago, McGill says. Specifically, alfalfa-grade hay bales are priced between $140 and $165 per ton, while grass, midquality hay bales are selling for $125 to $150 per ton.
How many times a year can you harvest hay?
Depending on the soil condition, hay type and when it is sowed and harvested, it may be possible to get two or even three cuttings of hay in one year. Once the hay is cut and dry, it is time for baling.
What are the different sizes of hay bales?
How Much Does a Bale of Hay Weigh?Small 2 string square bale 14"x18"x36" 40 to 60 lbs.Small 3 wire square bale 16"x22"x44" 100 to 120 lbs.Large square bale 3 ft. x 4 ft. x 8 ft. 1200 to 2,000 lbs.Round bale 48" wide x 60" dia. 600 to 1,200 lbs.
Is hay just long grass?
Hay is a grass or can be a form of grass. When referring to it as a form of grass, it is a cut grass that has been cut then dried for the purpose of becoming an animal feed or food. … Moreover, hay can also refer to a mixture of different species of grasses.
What size is a standard hay bale?
They come in different sizes ranging from 2-string (18 inches or 460mm), either by 14 or 16 inches (350mm to 400mm) high and 32 to 48 inches (0.8 to 1.2m) long, to 3-string that are 21 in wide, by 16 inches high, by 3 to 4 feet long. They are also called commercial bales.
How much does a small bale of hay weigh?
between 90 and 110 poundsDepending on the type of hay, our small bales typically average between 90 and 110 pounds. There is always variability and we cannot guarantee precise bale weights.
How much does a 4×6 bale of hay weigh?
TablesBale Size (ft)Est. Bale Weight 2 (lb)Bales Needed per Week for 25 Cows4x58006.64×61,1534.65×51,0005.35×61,4413.72 more rows
Is Hay a cash crop?
Over the last few years many hay acres have been planted to cash grain crops. … Combining fewer acres in hay production with decreased forage yields, the supply of hay is low. Consequently, hay prices are strong and in demand.
How many small bales of hay are in a ton?
A ton: 2000# pounds of hay to the ton. A retail three string bale weighs 100 # there are 20 bales in a ton. A "feed store ton" can be 16 bales. A semi holds 24 tons on a truck.


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This sort (matching game) has 3 parts and 4 levels
Level 1: The graphs and equations are only translations: horizontal, vertical, or both. This level includes graphs, equation, and descriptions of the translations. Students can match equations to graphs, graphs to descriptions of the shifts, or a combination of the 3
Level 2: The graphs and equations show translations and reflections across the x-axis. This level includes graphs, equation, and descriptions of the translations.
Level 3: The graphs and equations show translations, reflections across the x-axis and dilations (stretching and shrinking). This level includes only graphs and equations.
Level 4: Uses the same graphs as Set A2 but the equations must be rewritten before graphing.
This matching sort is designed to reduce chances of getting it right by guessing. The cards are very similar. For instance, 1 card shifts to the right 4, another to left 4, another up 4, and another down 4. Students must know which direction to shift based on the equation and not because it was the only one that moved 4 units. Also I have switched some values around to make sure student understand where the shift is up or to the right (right 2 up 3 or right 3 up 2). You will have a good idea if students understand the concept after they have completed the matching exercise.
Great for differentiated instruction. As a class you may be on reflections, but some students are still struggling with translations. So when the class is doing the level 2 sort, those students can be completing the level 1 sort. As far as everyone is concerned they are completing the same assignment, they donÃ¢ï¿½ï¿½t realize that they are working at different levels. Having students work at their own level increases their confidence.
- Review station for test
- Math Station for student that have completed their work
- Mid-Lesson Practice
- End of Lesson Check for understanding
- Alternative to homework