text:
. We compared data on rural Russian and indigenous people and found ethnic differences in the 25(OH)D concentrations; however, the vitamin D status of various indigenous groups of the Russian North is poorly studied. We could not find publications that analyze the 25(OH)D concentrations along with the direct assessment of food consumption. The available data do not contradict the opinion that the traditional food products are beneficial. However, there are no studies to support this opinion. There are little data on the effect of foods from marine mammal catch, marine and freshwater fishery, and venison on the vitamin D status of the indigenous people of the Russian North.
The purpose of the research was to study effect of longterm isolation on night sleep. The data were collected during international ground simulation of an interplanetary manned flight – "Mars500". The polysomno graphic recordings of six healthy men were performed before, four times during and after 520days confine ment. During the isolation sleep efficiency and deltalatency decreased, while sleep latency increased. Post hoc analysis demonstrate significant differences between background and the last (1.5 months before the end of the experiment) measure during isolation. Frequency of nights with low sleep efficiency rose on the eve of the important for the crew events (simulation of Mars landing and the end of the confinement). Two weeks after the landing simulation, amount of the nights with a low sleep efficiency significantly decreased. There fore, anticipation of significant event under condition of longterm isolation might result in sleep worsening in previously healthy men, predominantly difficulties getting to sleep.
The perception of spatial and successive contexts of auditory information develops during human ontogeny. We compared event-related potentials (ERPs) recorded in 5- to 6-year-old children (N = 15) and adults (N = 15) in response to a digital series with omitted digits to explore age differences in the perception of successive auditory information. In addition, ERPs in response to the sound of falling drops delivered binaurally were obtained to examine the spatial context of auditory information. The ERPs obtained from the omitted digits significantly differed in the amplitude and latency of the N200 and P300 components between adults and children, which supports the hypothesis that the perception of a successive auditory structure is less automated in children compared with adults. Although no significant differences were found in adults, the sound of falling drops presented to the left ears of children elicited ERPs with earlier latencies and higher amplitudes of P300 and N400 components in the right temporal area. Stimulation of the right ear caused increasing amplitude of the N100 component in children. Thus, the observed differences in auditory ERPs of children and adults reflect developmental changes in the perception of spatial and successive auditory information.
The role of cortisol (Crt), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEAsulfate (DHEAS) in stress responses were shown. The fluctuations in concentration of Crt, DHEA and DHEAS depending on age, sex and time of the day in norm and under acute and chronic stress were quoted. The main techniques of assessment of serum, urine and saliva Crt concentrations were discussed. A special attention had been paid to the use of Crt concentration in anthropological and psychological research. Bibliography comprises 181 works.


text:
From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository
Brueghel, Bruegel or Breughel [ˈbɾøːɣəl] was a family of Flemish painters:
- Abraham Brueghel (_PHONE_)
- Ambrosius Brueghel (_PHONE_)
- Jan Brueghel the Elder (1568–1625), in German also known as Samtbrueghel oder Blumenbrueghel
- Jan Breughel the Younger (1601–1678)
- Pieter Brueghel the Elder (1525/1530–1569), in German also known as Bauernbrueghel
- Pieter Brueghel the Younger (1564–1638), in German also known as Höllenbrueghel
|This is a disambiguation page – a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. If an internal link referred you here, you might want to go back and fix it to point directly to the intended page.
See also: Special:PrefixIndex/Brueghel and All pages with titles containing "Brueghel"

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


explained.
 The text does not have even a hint that they were merely throwing out some off-the-cuff suggestion of something they thought might somehow work. We do not read that they said something like this: "Sire, an evil spirit is afflicting thee. Perhaps, thou shouldest try sending for a skillful harp player. Who knows, maybe listening to harp music might help. It's worth giving a shot, your Majesty. Thou hast nothing to lose by trying it."
 No, Saul's servants were confident that he would be relieved of his affliction by hearing instrumental harp music played by a skillful musician. They were confident because they knew that others had previously experienced hearing such harp music and being relieved by it from such demonically caused affliction.
 3. You have wrongly understood this passage as recording a one-time exceptional event: (Martin- "three instances in chapters 16, 18, 19" [meaning that chapter 16 records a single instance]; Kelsey – "it was just a unique event caused by God"). You may have gotten this incorrect understanding from reading the KJV in a sense that it was not intended to be taken: "And it came to pass, when the evil spirit from God was upon Saul, that David took an harp, and played with his hand: so Saul was refreshed, and was well, and the evil spirit departed from him."
 a) A careful examination of the Hebrew text of 1 Sam. 16:23 shows that this verse is not recording a unique event that happened only once. The Hebrew text has a beyth preposition with an infinitive construct (Bi|h•yôt) preceded by a waw perfect verb and followed by three more waw perfect forms, which signify that the actions were repeated each time that the evil spirit came upon Saul.
 b) Many major modern translations reflect correctly the Hebrew grammar and syntax in this verse by rendering the beyth preposition rightly as "whenever": "So it came about whenever the evil spirit from God came to Saul" (NAU); "So whenever the spirit from God would come upon Saul (NET); "Whenever the spirit from God came upon Saul" (NIV); "And so it was, whenever the spirit from God was upon Saul (NKJ); see also the ESV and CSB.
 Each of these modern versions correctly translates the verse as communicating that whenever the evil spirit would come on Saul, David would take the harp... and the evil spirit would depart.
 c) The Septuagint, an early Greek translation of the Hebrew text, confirms the proper understanding that the verse records multiple occasions when David's playing delivered Saul from demonic affliction. It has a contemporaneous time present infinitive (en tō einai) followed by four imperfect indicative verbs (elambanen, epsallen, anepsuchen, aphistato), which signifies ongoing action either on a continuous basis or on a repetitive basis. Because we know thus that the spirit was repeatedly departing from him (its continuously departing would make no sense), we know that all the verbs are signifying repetitive action on multiple occasions.
 d) This interpretation and translation is explicitly and conclusively confirmed by 1 Samuel 18:10, which shows that David had played to relieve Saul on numerous other times prior to the instance recorded in that verse: 1Sa 18:10 And it came to pass on the morrow, that the evil spirit from God came upon Saul, and he prophesied in the midst of the house: and David played with his hand, as at other times: and there was a javelin in Saul's hand.
 The Hebrew text confirms that David was ministering to Saul on an ongoing basis with his harp to relieve him of that affliction (keyom beyom). Many modern translations pick this up: NAU 1Sa 18:10 while David was playing the harp with his hand, as usual; NIV 1Sa 18:10 while David was playing the harp, as he usually did; NKJ 1Sa 18:10 So David played music with his hand, as at other times; ESV 1Sa 18:10 while David was playing the lyre, as he did day by day. CSB 1Sa 18:10 David was playing the harp as usual.
 The Reina Valera, a Spanish translation that predates the KJV, also confirms this reading: R60 1Sa 18:10 David tocaba con su mano como los otros días; and this modern Spanish translation of the Hebrew text does the same: LBA 1Sa 18:10 mientras David tocaba el arpa con su mano como de costumbre.
 Based on the Hebrew and Greek texts of both 1 Sam. 16:23 and 18:10, it is clear that 1 Sam. 16:23 is not recording a one-time unique deliverance of Saul by David's playing his harp on that first occasion. You have wrongly assessed what took place on this occasion as a special working of God only minimally related to the music in the sense of the music being an incidental feature of the sovereign one-time working of God to deliver Saul from his affliction caused by an evil spirit.
 The Holy Spirit has framed this account in such a way that the explicit emphasis is on David's playing the harp as the means by which Saul was delivered repeatedly from his affliction. Scripture thus shows that David played the harp to relieve Saul on many occasions, and the evil spirit departed on each occasion as a result of God's use of David's Spirit-empowered music.
 4. The latter accounts that supposedly show the ineffectuality of the music to deliver Saul do not show that it never was the music in the first place. Just as the preaching of the Word does not profit all its hearers but only profits those who have ears to hear, so Saul's radically changed disposition toward David prevented him from receiving the benefit of the music, as he had enjoyed before.
 I have personally experienced on more than occasion when someone has ministered musically so that their music blessed many other people, but it did not bless me because there was an unresolved issue between the person(s) ministering the music and me. The same has also been true regarding the preaching and teaching of the Word of God. In both settings, it was not that the music or the ministry of the Word lacked effectuality on those occasions—the differing outcome was due to the problem that I had with those who were ministering to me.
 5. The text provides no evidence that God removed Saul's opportunity to repent, as Martin asserts. Rather, Saul hardened himself against David and God and thereby forfeited the spiritual benefit that he would have received (had he had a right mindset toward David and God) from the music produced by a Spirit-empowered man of God.
 In conclusion, 1 Samuel 16:14-23 certainly stresses that it was God's use of David's skillful playing of the harp on multiple occasions to deliver him from horrible affliction caused by an evil spirit. David's instrumental music was thus a powerful force for spiritual good—it was not neutral.
 116. Rick says:
 Martin, I'm finally getting back with you! I'm not so much going to try and make this a cohesive post with an overall thought pattern, rather I'm just going to put some comments down concerning some of your points. I'll just go straight through it in order and comment.
 In your introduction, you state how semiotics is an emerging discipline. I believe Rajesh said something similar in another post as well. I have to wonder why this is a new discipline. Admittedly, I know very little about it. The question that came up upon reading your comment and thinking back to Rajesh's is, if music has been around since Adam why are we just now figuring out that there are elements in music that are sinful. If music can be sinful apart from lyrics, are we to believe that music just started being moral/immoral in the last 50 years? There was discussion about the song of a harlot and of fools and of drunkards. You would think this wouldn't be a new discipline if music has been around forever. Do we see anyone in history looking at semiotics (even if they didn't call it that) and detailing out elements of music that are inherently sinful? If we don't see that in the years before the advent of rock and roll then I have to wonder why.
 You state how semiotics is not an exact science since people cannot agree 100% on associating specific musical compositions with certain emotions. First thing that pops out here is the word "emotions." This is what most of us are saying that music deals with ….the emotions. In other words, it can express happiness, sadness, anger, etc. If you want to call that communication, that is fine but it has to do with the emotions and not any specific communication as in talking. Secondly, I agree that you will never get people to agree 100% on what emotion music is expressing. What is anger to one person is not to another. One may see sensual elements when another doesn't. This isn't due to any deficiency in one person over another or any lack of training but is affected by the person's environment and culture. If they can't nail down a specific communication (even in emotions, much less explicit communications) in music then how can we say there are specific elements that are sinful?
 You later stated, "The other problem with discussing HHH is that people identify with their music preferences


Calendar Calculator App
The Biorhythm
Biorhythm Theory deals with the premise that our everyday lives and futures are impacted in big component by the rhythmic cycles that represent our physical, emotional, and intellectual wellness and direction. According to biorhythm theory a physical cycle is 23 days long, a psychological one is 28 days long, and an intellectual one is 33 days long.
This concept was initially created by Wilhelm Fliess in the late 19th century. In the United States in the 1970s it grew in popularity. Today, biorhythm theory is once again undergoing a renaissance as increasingly more followers are observing its personal benefits and also discovering success in their lives.
What Is A Biorhythm
The reason why human beings assume, feel and act is due to the fact that we are made of life pressure power that becomes part of our bodies prior to we are birthed. This vital force energy occupies paths in our bodies as well as discovers hubs or centres referred to as chakras.
There are hundreds of chairs in the body, not just the 7 commonly highlighted in books and in website. Each of these chakras has its own frequency that communicates with deep space and also the earth.
The energy strength of the chakras differs depending upon the motion of the planets and different exterior stimulations. The variant in the chakra energy is referred to as your biorhythm.
Biorhythm Calculator
, if you go with your life not aware of your biorhythms the chances are you will not totally recognize your moods or why points happen the means they do.. It's likely your mind will create a psychological story for the feeling or event that exists outside of truth impact. A biorhythm calculator can help.
An excellent biorhythm calculator will take a note of your birthday and today's date. It will certainly after that develop a map of your energy centers utilizing data associating to your physical, emotional, and mental characteristics. Your biorhythm contour will certainly reveal you today condition of your life pressure energy, permitting your to make far better options.
Biorhythm Compatibility
When it pertains to like you've heard all the sayings. You've read about heart friends, concerning individuals that were 'indicated' to be together, after that you've likewise found out about people who are just inappropriate. What does it really imply? The solution hinges on your vital force energy and also your biorhythms.
Working with one more person can be differed. Since you aren't suitable today does not indicate you won't be more suitable following week, simply. This leaves a lot to opportunity, specifically if you take place a date. Your date could be excellent to bit your biorhythms out of placement. Why not give it time and make use of a calculator.
Biorhythm Chart
Calendar Calculator App
Biorhythms are a complicated issue that requires a high degree of ability and also understanding to get. That's why you require a biorhythm calculator and also a biorhythm graph. These tools are specifically created to draw up your present biorhythm frequencies to provide you the information you require to make even more effective life selections.
When you consult your biorhythm chart you will certainly see 3 lines, one is for the physical energy, one is for the psychological power, and also one is for your intellectual energy. When the lines pass the zero point or criss-cross you ought to pay attention, these lines go up and down in waves– it's a sin wave–.
How To Read A Biorhythm Chart
, if you want your biorhythm calculator and chart to function in your support you need to understand just how to utilize them.. There's no point in buying an item you can not check out, that's why we give you all the details needed to understand the significance of your biorhythm data.
The initial point to do is discover a reliable biorhythm calculator and input your information. This is normally a set of dates. After the calculator has actually offered you your data it's time to read the chart and also translate the outcomes. The chart uses a line chart layout with coloured lines to indicate each regularity. Review where these lines converge.
What Is My Biorhythm
As we have described over your biorhythm is the regularity of your vital force power located around the point of energy in your body. These points of energy are typically called chakras. These chakras are effective and dominant pressures in your life. They are not only in charge of your health however also for your quality of life and also future course.
You can review the biorhythmic data that emerges from these energy centers utilizing one of our biorhythmic calculators as well as charts. The information you acquire from these assessments can assist you make life choices that are more harmonic with truth nature of reality and the means things truly are.
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Functional analysis
Functional Analysis is a branch of mathematics that originates from both the classical analysis and initial development of the quantum mechanics formalism. Its development started less than 100 years ago. Nowadays functional analytic methods become useful tools in various branches of mathematics and physics, e.g. ordinary and partial differential equations, integral equations, approximation theory, inverse problems, quantum and statistical mechanics
Course period1/09/13 → …
Course levelAdvanced
Course formatCourse


text:
As an example question we are asked to create a variant of merge sort where it splits array in to
c>2 arrays of roughly equal size (when
c = 2 it will use regular merge)
This is the solution:
cmerge(a1, a2,.... ac) if c = 2 return Merge(a1, a2) else b1 = cmerge(a1, a2,...a(c/2), floor(c/2)) b2 = cmerge(a(roof(c/2)),... ac, roof(c/2)) return merge(b1,b2)
I understand where they got this solution but when it asks for the reccurrnce relationi get a bit confused. in the question they state c sorted arrays can be merged in
O(n log c)
which makes the first case clear
T(n) = c(T(n/c)) + nlogc if n>= c T(n) = theta(n^2) for n

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Yahadut is a three year, middle school program developed by Mrs. Betty Weiser for girls, emphasizing how meaningful a Jewish woman's life is. The ideas and concepts motivate and inspire, yet often are overlooked in the standard Jewish education program. The courses, based on in-depth analysis of original sources, connect her students to authentic Torah thinking.


text:
roots.
Results and discussion
μCT data was acquired at The University of Nottingham using a Phoenix Nanotom X-ray CT scanner. Scanning resolution was 23.91 μm, X-ray voltage 110 kV and current 180 μA. 1200 projections were used in each case.
Measured root volume and surface area using the original RooTrak and its extension
Besides the geometrical properties (volume and surface area) of the root system, we also wanted to assess structural differences in the descriptions produced the two different versions of RooTrak. To express and quantify the difference, we measured the maximum width as well as the volume of the convex hull enclosing the root system. The results are shown in Table 1. The maximum width was obtained by projecting all voxels to a single x-y plane and then calculating the minimum enclosing circle using Welzl's algorithm. For Tomato 1 (Figure3a,b), the maximum width remained the same, since the additional root segments were mostly located near or around the primary root. For Tomato 2 (Figure3c,d), on the other hand, there was a slight increase in the maximum width. A bigger difference between the two versions can be seen in the volume enclosed by the convex hull. The convex hull was computed using the QuickHull algorithm in which volume is estimated using Monte Carlo Integration. The reason for observing a bigger difference is that the maximum width is a one-dimensional measurement, while the convex hull, in contrast, is a function of all three dimensions. For the samples, Tomato 1 (Figure3a,b) and Tomato 2 (Figure3c,d) there was an increase of 48.41% and 10.08% respectively in volume.
The time needed by the original version of RooTrak to process a CT stack depends on image size, number of images, and amount of root material (see for more details). Through the additional "backward-looking" step introduced here, the time required to process an image stack is doubled at best. This is because every image has to be visited at least twice; during the normal forward traversal and while looking backward (the additional step). The effort of looking for markers, however, has its advantages. Once located the extraction can be continued from each marker and stop when no objects are left to be tracked, RooTrak is not required to go through the entire image stack again in its search for opposite directed roots.
Note also that the extended RooTrak's two stage (mark, then track) structure allows it to report the proportion of the root system which grows upward. It can also identify points at which direction of growth changes. This may be of value in itself, allowing new traits such as average length of upward/downward growing sections, angles between them etc. to be recovered. Alternatively, these changes in direction might indicate significant changes in soil properties, to which the root is responding. X-ray CT provides simultaneous imaging of both root and soil: detected changes in root direction could be used to target analysis of related soil features. Though changes in growth direction could be identified following extraction of a full geometric description of the root system architecture from RooTrak's segmentation, the ability to recover them directly during segmentation avoids significant amounts of processing.
Though the proportion of plagiotropic branches varies widely, most root systems are likely to contain some plagiotropic roots (Nakamoto,). Understanding of the factors affecting angle of growth is incomplete, but there is evidence that both internal (hormonal) and external conditions (pH, temperature, oxygen and nutrient concentration) have a role to play. Additional plagiotropic growth may result from disease, in particular the hairy root disease caused by Agrobacterium rhizogenes.
The original RooTrak allows 3D descriptions of gravitropic roots growing in soil to be recovered from X-ray CT data. RooTrak adopts a visual tracking framework that is less sensitive to the natural ambiguity of X-ray attenuation data than previous approaches, and so allows a more flexible and adaptive search for roots. While previous threshold-based techniques are more rigid, and hence may not be robust in highly heterogeneous soil environments, they are usually easier to apply in higher dimensions, and capable of dealing with plagiotropism. In contrast, the greater adaptability of RooTrak's tracking approach comes at the cost of a fixed search direction and so requires an explicit mechanism for the extraction of plagiotropic roots. The extension of RooTrak to deal with plagiotropic roots allows the tracking methodology to be applied to the full range of root architectures and will, we believe, allow higher quality root descriptions to be obtained than was previously possible. RooTrak's tracking framework has been extended to allow both gravitropic and plagiotropic branches to be segmented and described, allowing RooTrak to produce more complete root descriptions, and so more accurate whole root system traits. Plagiotropic branches are distinguished from downward growing, gravitropic roots during the segmentation process, providing opportunities to compute new comparative (gravitropic vs plagiotropic) measures without potentially expensive, higher-level recognition of plagiotropic growth.
Comparison of the original and extended versions of RooTrak shows that for certain root system traits, results can easily be underestimated, even if only a small fraction of the root system is missing. It is important to recover as much root material as possible when estimating root system characteristics. This is especially the case for plant species having a large number of plagiotropic roots, for which the error is not negligible.
Availability and requirements
RooTrak is open source and available from SourceForge via _URL_. The tool is written in C++ and includes Visual Studio 2008 project files to compile for Windows. The Qt 4.8 framework is required for the compilation of the source code. RooTrak incorporates a volume rendering tool which displays the root system using GLSL, and so requires a GLSL compliant graphics card.
This work was supported by the University of Nottingham Inter-disciplinary Doctoral Training Centre in Integrative Biology (PhD studentship to S.M.) and Biotechnology and Biological Science Research Council and Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council Centre for Integrative Systems Biology program funding to the Centre for Plant Integrative Biology.
- de Dorlodot S, Forster B, Pagès L, Price A, Tuberosa R, Draye X: Root system architecture: opportunities and constraints for genetic improvement of crops. Trends Plant Sci. 2007, 12: 474-481. 10.1016/j.tplants.2007.08.012.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Postma JA, Lynch JP: Root cortical aerenchyma enhances the growth of maize on soils with suboptimal availability of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Plant Physiol. 2011, 156: _PHONE_. 10.1104/pp.111.175489.PubMed CentralView ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
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- Zobel RW, Del Tredici P, Torrey JG: Method for growing plants aeroponically. Plant Physiol. 1976, 57: 344-346. 10.1104/pp.57.3.344.PubMed CentralView ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
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- Taylor HM, Upchurch DR, McMicheal BL: Applications and


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Controlling Sound against your opponents
Did you know that controlling the noise you make can give you the upper hand over your opponents? Valorant is a very noisy game, for better of for worse, and it's up to you to take advantage of this feature.
In addition to their motor functions and mechanical qualities, a player's efficiency and talent also depend on their ability to accumulate information. Tactical Shooters like Valorant realy heavily on unknown factors (position of opponents, weaponry, location of the Spike), from which flow decisions and therefore strategies.
You could think that sight is the main vector of information in a game. However, the sound is very often much more important. You will hear your opponents much more often than you will see them. It's therefore mandatory to learn how to control your sound environment to progress in Valorant.
What is meant by noise in Valorant?
In Valorant, all actions performed by a player make noise. And each noise is characteristic of an action. The noise you make when walking on an iron floor is different from the noise you make on a wooden floor. The sound you make when you walk is different from the sound you make when you jump. And the sound you make when you jump on an iron box is different from the sound you make when you jump on a wooden box. As you can see, there are many subtleties in sound that can be identified by a keen ear.
Not only your movements make noise, but also the use of your skills, the plant or the attempt to defuse the Spike, reloading your weapon and, of course, firing with your weapons.
I'm making noise, so what?
In Valorant, sound is spatialised. This means that depending on your position relative to the point of origin of the sound, you will hear it differently. It can be more or less loud as more or less muffled. As a result, if you make noise, an attentive player with good sound equipment will be able to pinpoint your exact location.
This is why taking information on enemy positions is more by ear than by eye. The sounds pass through walls, floors and cover each other according to their power and their distance.
In the same way that it is important to spot the sounds made by opponents, it's just as important to reduce as much as possible the noises you make yourself. It's impossible to win a Valorant game without making any noise, but teams that know how to reduce their noise emissions as much as possible will be more discreet and therefore more efficient.
Which sounds can help my opponents?
Pretty much anyone you can hear yourself, but there are exceptions. We're going to see them one by one, but first of all, let's talk about the range of the sounds. As you move around in Valorant, you can see a fairly large circle around your character on your minimap.
This circle corresponds to the area in which your footsteps can be heard by your opponents. Any player in the circle can hear you walking. You should always pay attention to this circle when playing Valorant. This area will gradually become instinctive through training.
For the rest of our explanations, we'll use this circle as a reference. This is then the average range of the sounds, but all the actions you make in the game won't have exactly the same volume, and therefore the same range. Some sounds can spread much further (such as gunshots), others have a lower range.
We'll therefore admit 4 sound levels.
|Inaudible sound||Muffled sound||Normal sound||Very loud sound|
If we take the mini-map aforementioned, here is roughly what each sound level corresponds to.
Before listing most of the important sounds, note that some are tricky. It's not because you or your allies can hear them that your opponents can hear them too. Here is the list of the sounds that your opponents can hear:
|Jumps and Falls|
|Jump (crouching)||Fall (low height)|
|Fall (medium height)|
|Fall (high height)|
|Fall (on an ally)|
|Hanging on/off a rope (running)|
|Hanging on/off a rope (walking)|
|Go up/down a rope (running)|
|Go up/down a rope (walking)|
|Throwing a weapon|
|Picking up a weapon|
|Equipping an ability|
|Using an ability|
|Using an ultimate|
|Picking up an orb (start)|
|Picking up an orb (completion)|
|Planting the Spike (start)|
|Planting the Spike (completion)|
|Defusing the Spike (start)|
|Defusing the Spike (completion)|
|Using a teleport on Bind|
|Crossing a smoke/screen|
|Crossing a Cypher trap|
|Getting spotted by Cypher/Sova|
|Crossing Sage's Slow Orb (running)|
|Crossing Sage's Slow Orb (walking)|
|Teleport with Omen (start)|
|Teleport with Omen (completion)|
|All noises during the buy phase|
By knowing the volume of the different Valorant sounds, you can establish small strategies. It hey will not serve you in every game, they will nevertheless allow you to potentially take advantage over your opponents.
Just as you should always be aware of the noise you're making, you should also be aware of the importance of these noises. A footstep will give less information to your opponent than using a rope, for example. Indeed, you can virtually walk anywhere on a map, but if you're heard using a rope, the opponent can know exactly where you are.
This is where strategy begins! Even if it sounds counter intuitive, sometimes it's better to make a big common noise than a rare little noise. A shared noise says less about your intentions or your position.
A typical example is Sage resurrection sound. Sage res makes you vulnerable for a little while, and your opponents may take advantage of it to rush you and eliminate your ally while they're still in their crystal. On the other hand, by shooting with your weapon when reviving an ally, the sound of the shot will cover the noise of the res. Your opponents may know where you are, but they'll not know that you are brinig a teammate back to battle.
This logic applies to many cases. In the event of a fall: there are few places you can fall from (usually windows), allowing your enemies to spot you. By firing with your weapon when you land, you will of course make more noise than when you fall, but the sound of the fall will be covered. Imagine that your enemies are hidden and defending a bomb site, using this technique allows you to enter this site by jumping from a window without your opponents knowing which access you used.
Overall, strategies that take advantage of sound are much more effective as a team than solo. Throw Raze Paint Shells or teleport with Omen while your allies go bang around enemies, and you can surprise them.
In short, the noises you make can betray you as well as serve you. Learn how to control them, coordonate with your teammates and you'll have another big advantage in your Valorant games.


text:
Table of Contents
This chapter explains some concepts of the KCachegrind, and introduces terms used in the interface.
Cost counts of event types (like L2 Misses) are attributed to cost entities, which are items with relationship to source code or data structures of a given program. Cost entities not only can be simple code or data positions, but also position tuples. For example, a call has a source and a target, or a data address can have a data type and a code position where its allocation happened.
The cost entities known to KCachegrind are given in the following. Simple Positions:
An assembler instruction at a specified address.
- Source Line of a Function
All instructions that the compiler (via debug information) maps to a given source line specified by source file name and line number, and which are executed in the context of some function. The latter is needed because a source line inside of an inlined function can appear in the context of multiple functions. Instructions without any mapping to an actual source line are mapped to line number 0 in file
All source lines of a given function make up the function itself. A function is specified by its name and its location in some binary object if available. The latter is needed because binary objects of a single program each can hold functions with the same name (these can be accessed e.g. with
dlsym; the runtime linker resolves functions in a given search order of binary objects used). If a profiling tool cannot detect the symbol name of a function, e.g. because debug information is not available, either the address of the first executed instruction typically is used, or
- Binary Object
All functions whose code is inside the range of a given binary object, either the main executable or a shared library.
- Source File
All functions whose first instruction is mapped to a line of the given source file.
Symbol names of functions typically are hierarchically ordered in name spaces, e.g. C++ namespaces, or classes of object-oriented languages; thus, a class can hold functions of the class or embedded classes itself.
- Profile Part
Some time section of a profile run, with a given thread ID, process ID, and command line executed.
As can be seen from the list, a set of cost entities often defines another cost entity; thus, there is a inclusion hierarchy of cost entities.
Call from instruction address to target function.
Call from source line to target function.
Call from source function to target function.
(Un)conditional jump from source to target instruction.
(Un)conditional jump from source to target line.
Jumps between functions are not allowed, as this makes no sense in a call graph; thus, constructs like exception handling and long jumps in C have to be translated to popping the call stack as needed.
Arbitrary event types can be specified in the profile data by giving them a name. Their cost related to a cost entity is a 64-bit integer.
Event types whose costs are specified in a profile data file are called real events. Additionally, one can specify formulas for event types calculated from real events, which are called inherited events.


text:
A growing body of evidence shows that clinical skills acquired via simulation transfer directly to improved patient care and better outcomes. When paired with deliberate practice, simulation-based education is found to be superior to traditional clinical education for a wide range of skills acquisition.2
One such study indicates that simulation promotes engagement in several ways:
Students were absorbed in the task at hand.
Students demonstrated interest as evidenced by enjoyment, active discussion, and humor.
Simulations were relevant, in terms of situational clinical practice, exam preparation, and obtaining feedback on clinical decisions.3


text:
|Rountree Branch Watershed Study|
Location of Rountree
**Please open in Internet Explorer for best graphics.
This site was created by two University of Wisconsin-Platteville (UWP)
students as a central location for data collected by all different parties
working with the Rountree Branch. These parties include UWP Civil
and Environmental Engineering Department, UWP Chemistry Department, the
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (DNR), Friends of the Rountree
Branch (FORB), Trout Unlimited, Southwest Badger RC & D, and the City
of Platteville. The
Reclamation and Biology Departments at UWP are also becoming more
Some areas of the watershed are woodlots and prairies, however most of the land has now been converted to agricultural land and commercial property. Some land within the watershed is enrolled in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) sponsored by the DNR. The CRP gives farmers money to not farm a particular plot of land for 10-15 years and instead allow grass and trees to grow. This program increases wildlife habitat along with decreasing erosion off the land into rivers and streams.
We hope this site will serve as a valuable resource to engineers and
environmentalists, as well as concerned citizens of the area. For
more information refer to the Grant-Platte
River State of the Basin Report. In this report you can find
more detailed history, research, and current activities in the watershed
and surrounding areas.
If you have questions or concerns regarding this web site contact Dr. Max Anderson at _EMAIL_.


Associazione Copernicani is an Italian independent and nonprofit organization, aimed to contribute to promoting the culture of innovation as a key change for the country system.
Blending the voluntaristic contribution of over 220 women and men with different cultural backgrounds and expertise, the Copernicani engage policymakers and stimulate public decision process in re-shaping Italy's social, cultural, political and economical framework through digital and social innovation.
To put ideas into action and to establish itself as an influential reference in the digital innovation field, Copernicani acts in 3 directions:
 - Elaborate position papers and policy proposals
 - Develop open-source software: among the achievements "Made in Copernico" there is:
 1. Giudizio Maggioritario: a computer-aided election process
 2. a perceptive visual representation of complex data
 - Information and lifelong formation
Technology offers challenges which, if not faced, become problems.
Our slogan is "in love with the future". Let's shape the vision of the future.


UK Assignment Help
 Computer network consists of communications media, devices and software needed to connect two or more computer systems or devices. The computers and devices on the networks are also called network nodes. After they are connected, the nodes can share data, information, and processing jobs. Increasingly, businesses are linking computers in networks to streamline work processes and allow employees to collaborate on projects. If a company uses networks effectively, it can grow into an agile, powerful, and creative organisation, giving it a long-term competitive advantage. Organisations can use networks to share hardware, programs, and databases. Networks can transmit and receive information to improve organisational effectiveness and efficiency. They enable geographically separated workgroups to share documents and opinions, which fosters teamwork, innovative ideas, and new business strategies (Stair and Reynolds,2014, p.228).
According to (Clements 2006), the most general topology is the unconstrained network. The individual nodes are connected in an arbitrary fashion. Its advantage is that additional links can be provided to reduce bottlenecks where heavy traffic passes between a group of nodes. Further nodes and links can readily be added without disturbing the hardware of the existing system. The star networks route all messages from to destination via one central node and eliminates the need for nodes to make routing decisions. The star has a simple topology and has advantages when the networks physical topology matches its logical topology. The bus and the ring both minimise the complexity by both removing a special purpose central node and the need for individual nodes to make to make routing decisions.
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Conceptual Model in Chen notation
oracle database assignment
· The only assumption made for this assignment are that all the alumni would be considered as members weather they enroll their names or not. It is up to them to continue for their memberships for the university.
· The Year filed contains date data type in the faculties table hence, the year can be fetched easily from the date of retiring.
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In the Interim Design Center parking lot of California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, students are constructing a 30 foot experimental structure that could house astronauts in space. Funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the year-long research and experimentation project challenges students to design a vertical habitat capable of housing four astronauts in space for a period of 60 days. Not only is this an extreme case of micro-living, but to design a living quarters with no orientation, where walls, floors and ceilings are non-existent, is unworldly.
More after the break…
This experience has inspired some Cal Poly Pomona students to think beyond the traditional architecture career path and pursue internships with NASA, working at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a federally funded research and development center that specializes in the construction and operation of robotic planetary spacecraft.
"It opens up my perspective to what you can do with a design degree like this," said fourth-year architecture student, Garrett Sanne to The Poly Post. "That it doesn't necessarily have to be architecture, you could be designing space habitats. You don't really look outside the box until you open yourself up to something like this."
The video above is an extensive tour of the orbital laboratory by Commander of the International Space Station, Sunita Williams of NASA.
via The Poly Post


text:
Friday, June 17, 2011
Pope Clement XI (_PHONE_) ordered Francesco Bianchini (_PHONE_) to build a Meridian Line. Bianchini was the Secretary of the Commission for the Calendar. He chose the Basilica of Santa Maria degli Angeli because of the stability of its roman walls and foundations and its suitable dimension. The Line built by Giandomenico Cassini (_PHONE_) in 1655 in San Petronio, Bologna, was the model for Bianchini, who improved it by allowing the observation of stellar transits.
Pope Clement XI inaugurated the Great Sundial on October 6, 1702, the annual Feast of St. Bruno, founder of the Carthusian Order, whose statue is in the entrance of the Church. Carthusian monks ruled this Basilica for three centuries until 1884.
"ASTRONOMY IN THE CHURCH: THE CLEMENTINE SUNDIAL IN SANTA MARIA DEGLI ANGELI, ROME" by Costantino Sigismondi


text:
Friday, 29. May 2020, 16:00, via Zoom.
This seminar is complementary to the compact course Program Extraction.
Monika Seisenberger (Swansea University)
Logic in Railway Verification
Abstract: Mathematical methods always played an important role in the verification of Railway control systems. In this talk we present two different approaches, the first for discrete systems, the second for hybrid systems. Both were used in our collaboration with Industry. We start with traditional solid state Railway interlockings, often specified using a graphical language called Ladder Logic. We give a semantics for this language and show how to get from aladder logic specification to a satisfiability problem. This process has been automated, and several existing Interlocking case studies, provided by our Industrial partner Siemens Rail Automation, have been verified using automated theorem proving tools. We further applied our own SAT solver, which we extracted from a formal constructive proof of the completeness of the Davis-Putnam-Logemann-Loveland (DPLL) proof system. The extracted SAT solver is a verified algorithm, which either yields a model or a DPLL refutation of a given clause set. In the second part, we present our modelling of the European Rail Traffic Management System ERTMS, a state-of-the-art train control system, which aims at improving the performance/capacity of rail traffic systems, without compromising their safety. It generalizes from traditional interlockings to a system that includes on-board equipment and communication between trains and interlockings via radio block processors. Whilst the correctness of discrete interlocking systems is well-researched, it is challenging to verify ERTMS based systems for safety properties such as collision freedom due to the involvement of continuous data. The modelling and verification is done in Real-Time Maude, a tool that allows for both simulation and verification of real-time and hybrid systems.
 U. Berger, A. Lawrence, F. Nordvall Forsberg, M. Seisenberger, Extracting Verified Decision Procedures: DPLL and Resolution, Logical Methods in Computer Science, 2015.
 U. Berger, P. James, A. Lawrence, M. Roggenbach, M. Seisenberger, Verification of the European Rail Traffic Management System in Real-Time Maude, Science of Computer Programming, JSP 2018.


Are you ready?
1 questions to solve.
 1. This quiz goes to full-screen once you press the Start button, or any Next button after exiting the quiz window.
Which of the following choices best describes the sessionStorage object?
sessionStorage is a property of the global window object. This goes with choice (A).
What will the following code log?
var o = { x: 10 };
localStorage.o = o;
console.log(typeof localStorage.o);
localStorage (and sessionStorage) converts each value into a string before storing it. In this case the object o is first converted into a string and then assigned to localStorage.o (in line 2). Thus, typeof localStorage.o will return "string", which goes with choice (A).
What will the following code log?
localStorage.num = 10;
localStorage.num += 5;
The first line stores the string "10" inside localStorage.num, which is then concatenated with the number 5 ("10" + 5) in line 2; resulting in "105". This goes with choice (C). To understand how strings concatenate with numbers, please refer to JavaScript Strings Basic Concepts.
localStorage stores data without any expiration time. True or false?
localStorage stores data permanently i.e it has no expiration time. This goes with choice (A). For more info please refer to Local Storage.
Assume that both the following HTML pages are opened in separate tabs, both having access to the same localStorage.
 localStorage.x = 10;
 window.onstorage = function(e) {
Will a localStorage change in page1.html cause a storage event to fire in page2.html?
localStorage fires a storage event in a window each time it's changed from another window. For a live example of this please refer to Local Storage.
Which of the following is the preferred way of removing a key x from localStorage?
Using methods defined by the Storage API are always preferred over the native object property-access syntax while working with localStorage or sessionStorage. This goes with choice (C).
Supposing that no key x exists on localStorage, what will localStorage.getItem("x") return?
If a non-existent key is passed to the method getItem(), it returns null. This goes with choice (B).
What does localStorage.clear() do?
clear() removes all data from a given storage object. For more info please refer to Local Storage.


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text:
Purdue University Study Finds Westinghouse AP1000 Shield Building Is Well Designed to Withstand Stro
June 2, 2011
PITTSBURGH, June 2, 2011 /PRNewswire via COMTEX/ - Purdue University researchers have completed large-scale tests to verify the structural integrity of the shield building that contains the main components of the Westinghouse AP1000 nuclear power plant. The researchers determined that the structure is flexible and strong enough to withstand earthquake forces more powerful than federal design requirements, and that the structure provides a significant reserve margin to ensure radiation is contained.
The study was conducted at Purdue University's Bowen Laboratory, which is internationally recognized for structural testing of large-scale components. This large-scale testing program was led by Dr. Amit H. Varma, Associate Professor of Civil Engineering at Purdue University. Dr. Varma is a University Faculty Scholar, Director of the Center for Structural Engineering and Emerging Technologies for Nuclear Power Plants, and internationally recognized for his role in current efforts to develop an American Institute of Steel Construction specification for the design of steel-concrete composite structures for safety related nuclear facilities.
The AP1000 shield building design employs an inner steel-wall containment vessel and an outer radiation shield made using a technology called steel-concrete-composite construction. Instead of using more conventional reinforced concrete, which is concrete filled with steel bars, the steel-concrete approach uses a sandwich of steel faceplates filled with concrete.
"We conducted a large-scale testing program that included more than twenty full-scale tests on the fundamental out-of-plane behavior, in-plane behavior, anchorage performance, and composite behavior of the steel-concrete composite design used for the shield building," said Dr. Varma. "Some of our test specimens were 40 feet long and 3 feet by 3 feet in cross-sections, requiring the use of our two 30-ton capacity cranes to lift and place in the test setup. The specimens were tested using multiple hydraulic rams capable of exerting 1 million pounds of force each. We had carefully designed and deployed sensors to measure the fundamental behavior and load carrying capacity of the specimens."
Besides the experimental program, researchers at Purdue University also developed and benchmarked extremely complex state-of-the-art computer models to simulate the measured behavior of the tested specimens. The experimental and computational research complemented each other, and enhanced the robustness and fidelity of the whole effort.
Michael Corletti, Director of New Plant Engineering at Westinghouse said, "The benchmarked models were used to investigate and evaluate the behavior of the steel-composite shield building design subjected to different extreme design and beyond design-basis loading scenarios including aircraft impact, earthquakes, tornado, missile impact, etc."
Dr. Varma added, "Most importantly, the benchmarked computational models were used to demonstrate the performance, overall ductility, and the seismic design philosophy used for the AP1000 shield building design when subjected to safe-shutdown and then beyond design-basis earthquakes."
The large-scale experimental and computational benchmarking research at Purdue was funded by Westinghouse, and the findings will be submitted to the U.S. NRC.
Purdue University Bowen Laboratory
Purdue University's Bowen Laboratory is an international authority in civil engineering and the research and testing of civil structures. The National Science Foundation announced in 2010 that Purdue will lead a new center, funded with a $105 million NSF grant, called the George E. Brown Jr. Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation, or NEES.
Westinghouse Electric Company LLC
With 15,000 employees worldwide, Westinghouse Electric Company LLC, a group company of Toshiba Corporation (tky:6502), is the world's pioneering nuclear energy company and is a leading supplier of nuclear plant products and technologies to utilities throughout the world. Westinghouse employs more than 9,000 employees in the U.S., with over 4,000 currently involved in nuclear manufacturing activities through six states. In 1957, Westinghouse supplied the world's first PWR in the Western Pennsylvania town of Shippingport. Today, Westinghouse technology is the basis for approximately one-half of the world's operating nuclear plants, including 60 percent of those in the United States and 40 percent worldwide.
SOURCE Westinghouse Electric Company LLC
Copyright (C) 2011 PR Newswire. All rights reserved
June 17, 2013
The Bindley Bioscience Center (BBC) is hosting life science industry leaders to engage in an open conversation and identify priority areas that will meet their needs in the coming decadeRead Full Story
June 17, 2013
The Bindley Bioscience Center (BBC) is hosting life science industry leaders to engage in an open conversation and identify priority areas that will meet their needs in the coming decade.Read Full Story
June 13, 2013
WEST LAFAYETTE, Ind. - The Purdue Energy Center in Discovery Park is gearing up for the second Energy Academy at Purdue, working in collaboration with utility giant Duke Energy Corp. to prepare the next generation of sustainable energy leaders.Read Full Story


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From Ohio History Central
Rock House is part of the Hocking Hills State Park near Logan, Ohio. The cave is one of Ohio's most popular natural history attractions.
Rock House is the only true cave in Hocking Hills State Park. Water slowly eroded away Blackhand Sandstone, creating the cave. Sandstone is a very porous substance and much more susceptible to erosion than many other types of rocks. Rock House is approximately twenty-five feet high, two hundred feet long, and twenty to thirty feet wide. Seven "windows," openings that allow sunlight into the cave, exist. Several sandstone columns also support Rock House's roof.
Rock House received its name for two reasons. First, the cave does resemble a house, with its roof, the supporting stone pillars, and its "windows." Secondly, various groups have used the cave as shelter for thousands of years. Archaeological evidence has shown that Indians inhabited the cave. The natives constructed small ovens in the rock walls to cook meals. They also created troughs in the cave's floor, which collected water, providing inhabitants with a water supply. During the nineteenth century, robbers and bandits supposedly hid in the Rock House. Because of this, many local residents referred to Rock House as "Robbers' Roost."
In 1924, the State of Ohio purchased 146 acres of land in the Hocking Hills. This purchase formally established Hocking Hills State Park. The State of Ohio eventually purchased additional land, including Rock House. First owned and operated by the Ohio Department of Forestry, in 1949, the Ohio Department of Natural Resources and the Ohio Division of Parks assumed control of Hocking Hills State Park. Rock House was a popular tourist attraction for nearly century before the State of Ohio established Hocking Hills State Park. In 1835, Logan, Ohio businessman F.F. Rempel built a sixteen-room hotel a short distance away from Rock House. The hotel included a ballroom, stables, and even a post office.


A frequently asked question we receive on a daily basis is, "With LED Christmas lights if one bulb goes out will the whole set go out?"
The answer to this question is not as simple as it might seem. It all depends on what kind of outage we're talking about. Since the one piece LED bulb and socket design is our most popular style of LED, we'll focus on that type of set for this blog posting.
When looking at an LED outage, there are two types of bulb related outages:
1) Bulb still intact, but fails to light up.
2) Bulb lens cracked or significantly damaged.
Let's take a closer look at each one of these.
Bulb still intact, but fails to light up
LED bulbs do last a long time, but from time to time one does fail to light up. As long as the bulb lens has not been cracked or broken, then the light set will continue to illuminate with the exception of any individual bulbs that are not working.
Bulb lens cracked or significantly damaged
When it comes to lens damage, the general rule is if the lens is cracked all the way through to the core of the LED, then either the entire set or on longer stringers, half the set will go completely out. However, fortunately, most LED lenses are very rigid and don't easily crack or break.
It is important to note that some sets are more prone to outages due to broken bulbs. M5 light sets have small diameter bulbs that break relatively easily and for this reason, M5s tend to have more problems due to outages caused by broken bulbs than other light sets.
5 mm Wide Angle Conicals have very rigid bulbs because of the low profile of the lens. C7 and C9 stringer sets also tend to be resistant to outages caused by bulb breakage. These larger lens sets have an outside lens and then inside this outer shell, they have a 5 mm conical lens. So these light sets have even more protection to prevent the actual LED from getting damaged.
So the bottom line is that if one bulb goes out, but it's still intact, then yes, the light set will stay lit. But if the LED lens is significantly cracked or damaged, then anywhere from half to the full set will go out.


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University of Wisconsin Madison College of Engineering
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Alum, retired professor release e-book
Civil and Environmental Engineering Professor Emeritus Paul Mac Berthouex and UW-Madison sanitary engineering PhD graduate Linfield C. Brown recently released a new free e-book, Pollution Prevention and Control. The first of a planned five-book series, this book intends to help engineers and environmental science students understand the basics of controlling pollution. The e-book is available for a free download here.
Scott Gordon


text:
Explore health content from A to Z.
I need information about...
Molybdenum is an essential element and a co-factor for several enzymes. It is stored primarily in the liver, kidneys, spleen, lungs, brain, and muscles.
Molybdenum is a constituent of several enzyme systems. These enzymes are responsible for the breakdown of xanthine, hypoxanthine, and sulfite, and the detoxification of many harmful compounds.
The ability of tissues to store molybdenum varies with intake levels and is affected by the amount of copper and sulfate in the diet.
Please note that this section reports on claims that have NOT yet been substantiated through scientific studies.
Molybdenum has been purported to help treat arthritis.
Ongoing studies are investigating the use of molybdenum to treat certain cancers.
As indicated below, molybdenum is measured in micrograms. The SADI is the Safe and Adequate Dietary Intake. These values are given when a Daily Reference Intake (DRI) has not been established.
Infants (0 to 6 months)
Infants (6 months to 1 year)
Children (1 to 3 years)
Children (4 to 6 years)
Children (7 to 10 years)
Adolescents and adults (11+ years)
Foods containing molybdenum include legumes, cereal products, and leafy vegetables.
Molybdenum levels in plants are highly variable and dependent upon the molybdenum content of the soil in which they were grown.
Molybdenum deficiency is extremely rare and occurs due to a serious, underlying condition.
Problems associated with excessive molybdenum are poorly documented. Too much molybdenum can result in a gout-like syndrome, with increased blood levels of molybdenum, uric acid, and xanthine oxidase.
Do not take molybdenum supplements if you have biliary obstruction (gallstones) or kidney problems.
Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding should consult a physician before taking any mineral supplements.
Molybdenum supplements can result in a copper deficiency because molybdenum drives copper from tissue stores.
Click here for a list of reputable websites with general information on nutrition.
Copyright © 2013 Baylor Health Care System All Rights Reserved. | 3500 Gaston Avenue, Dallas, TX 75246-2017 | 1.800.4BAYLOR
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text:
In the absence of early antibiotic treatment, respiratory anthrax is fatal. The 2001 bioterrorism attacks in the US killed four people, out of 22 infected (10 of them with respiratory anthrax), despite massive antibiotic administration, probably because therapy did not begin until the disease had reached the fulminant stage. But a multi-agent prophylaxis initiated within 24 hours post-infection prevented development of fatal anthrax respiratory disease, and treatment combining antibiotics with immunization with a protective antigen-based vaccine conferred long-term protective immunity against reestablishment of the disease, according to a study in the April 2011 issue of the journal Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. This study is the first to characterize the severity of respiratory anthrax that can be cured.
The researchers, all from the Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, tested both the efficiency of different therapeutic approaches in preventing fatal disease from developing in infected animals, and their ability to cure animals in which the disease had developed into a systemic, septic phase. Rescue remains possible with appropriate agents even if initiated two days after infection.
Treatment initiated 24 hours after infection with any of four antibiotics protected the animals during treatment, but many of the animals died of anthrax after treatment was stopped, the antibiotics conferring degrees of protection ranging from 10-90 percent. Combining antibiotic treatment with a protective antigen vaccine left all animals fully protected even after the end of treatment.
Animals whose treatment was delayed beyond 24 hours post-infection developed varying degrees of bacteremia and toxemia. Treatment with doxycycline cured both sick guinea pigs and rabbits exhibiting low to moderate bacteremia; adding protective antigen vaccine to the mix boosted the level of bacteremia that was curable 10-fold in the guinea pigs and 20-fold in the rabbits. But ciprofloxacin plus a monoclonal anti-protective antigen antibody was still more effective.
In all cases, the surviving animals developed immunity against anthrax via subcutaneous challenge.
"Our results suggest that doxycycline and ciprofloxacin are efficient antibiotics to treat anthrax, not only as post-exposure prophylaxis, but also during the systemic phase of the disease," the researchers write. "Treatment with both antibiotics can cure guinea pigs and rabbits in an advanced stage of systemic anthrax"
(S. Weiss, D. Kobiler, H. Levy, A. Pass, Y. Ophir, N. Rothschild, A. Tal, J. Schlomovitz, and Z. Altboum, 2011. Antibiotics cure anthrax in animal models. Antim. Agents Chemother. 55:_PHONE_.)


Ask Your Question
Remove the black line surrounding text in opencv
asked 2019-06-06 09:08:05 -0500
I am trying to remove the black lines surrounding the text if present any. My purpose is to just have enough portion of the image to extract each character in it. The additional black lines are noise when i am trying to extract characters.
I have tried using floodfill in opencv but the image contains some white pixels before the black line starts in the upper left corner. So it hasn't been fruitful. I tried cropping by means of finding contours but even that does not work. This is the original image
Original Image
import cv2
import numpy as np
img = cv2.imread('./Cropped/22.jpg')
gray = cv2.cvtColor(img,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
_,thresh = cv2.threshold(gray,1,255,cv2.THRESH_BINARY)
contours,hierarchy = cv2.findContours(thresh,cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL,cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)
cnt = contours[0]
crop = img[y:y+h,x:x+w]
cv2.imshow('Cropped Image',crop)
and using floodfill
gray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
 # threshold the gray image to binarize, and negate it
 gray = cv2.bitwise_not(gray)
 bw = cv2.adaptiveThreshold(gray, 255, cv2.ADAPTIVE_THRESH_MEAN_C, \
 cv2.THRESH_BINARY, 15, -2)
 # find external contours of all shapes
 contours,h = cv2.findContours(bw, cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_NONE)
 # create a mask for floodfill function, see documentation
 h,w,_ = img.shape
 mask = np.zeros((h+2,w+2), np.uint8)
 # determine which contour belongs to a square or rectangle
 for cnt in contours:
 poly = cv2.approxPolyDP(cnt, 0.02*cv2.arcLength(cnt,True),True)
 if len(poly) == 4:
 # if the contour has 4 vertices then floodfill that contour with black color
 cnt = np.vstack(cnt).squeeze()
 _,binary,_,_ = cv2.floodFill(bw, mask, tuple(cnt[0]), 0)
 # convert image back to original color
 binary = cv2.bitwise_not(binary)
 cv2.imshow('Image', binary)
results in the two cases are as follows
Using Find Contours method
But there appears to be no change. And this using floodfill
Using floodfill. which does not remove any borders.
If any can please help out,it will be really great.
edit retag flag offensive close merge delete
1 answer
Sort by » oldest newest most voted
answered 2019-06-07 15:07:57 -0500
OpenCV's contours will work if you filter the contours by aspect ratio. In the image below the 2nd from the left is thresholded at about 150 using binaryInverse type thresholding. There is a function called boundingRect that will give the upright rect of a contour. Define the contour aspect ratio as rect.width / rect.height and only keep contours with AR < 1 since numbers are tall. This gives the 3rd image from the left. The last is just inverted.
image description
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Asked: 2019-06-06 09:08:05 -0500
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Project Euler Problem 5 in F#
Yet another episode in my attempts to solve Project Euler problems.
Enter problem number 5:
I'll first show you my solution and then explain the bits:
// greatest common divisor (Euclid Algorithm)
let rec gcd (a:int64, b:int64) =
 match b with
 | x when x = 0L -> a
 | _ -> gcd (b, a % b)
// least common divisor
let rec lcm (a:int64, b:int64) =
 (a * b) / gcd (a,b)
// least common divisor for a list of numbers
let rec lcmlist (list: int64 list) =
 match list with
 | [] -> 1L
 | [a] -> a
 | [a;b] -> lcm(a,b)
 | h::t -> lcm(h, lcmlist t)
// utility to generate a list of all integers
// up to a certain number
let generateListTo top =
 let l = [for i in 1L.. int64 top -> i]
let resolveProblem5 =
 generateListTo 20 |> lcmlist
The first thing to realize when reading this problem is that what is really being asked is
the least common multiple (lcm from now on) of a list of numbers (in particular, the numbers from 1 to 20 included).
There's a straightforward way to compute the lcm, by using the greatest common divisor (gcd), as follows:
Least Common Multiple
As for the gcd itself, it can be easily implemented using the Euclid Algorithm.
The last piece of the puzzle comes when you realize how calculating the lcd of a set of numbers can be reduced to calculating lcds pair-wise in the following fashion:
Lcm on a list of numbers
For example, given the numbers 3, 4, 14, and 18, their lcm would be computed in the following way:
Least Common Multiple=
As you can see, the algorithm lends itself beautifully to recursion and such is the solution that I have provided.
See all Project Euler problems solutions.
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 - Javaman59
 Thanks for the gcd & lcm algorithm. Nice work, and explanation – this is a very good solution. It is many times faster than the brute force approach I tried.
 Just a minor F# point. "[for i in 1L.. int64 top -> i]" is the same as "[]". In fact, the last two functions can be compressed to just "[1L..20L] |> lcmlist"
 - stefanoricciardi
 Yes, you have a good point there. I am trying to get familiar with F# own idioms more and more, even though my C# background creeps in from time to time :)
 - Y4b3rtys
 can you help explain the program flow
 - Anonymous
 Reading from the listing bottom-up should reveal the flow. If you have difficulties in any part let me know.


text:
strchr - string scanning operation
char *strchr(const char *s, int c);
[CX] The functionality described on this reference page is aligned with the ISO C standard. Any conflict between the requirements described here and the ISO C standard is unintentional. This volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 defers to the ISO C standard.
The strchr() function shall locate the first occurrence of c (converted to a char) in the string pointed to by s. The terminating null byte is considered to be part of the string.
Upon completion, strchr() shall return a pointer to the byte, or a null pointer if the byte was not found.
No errors are defined.
strrchr(), the Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001,
First released in Issue 1. Derived from Issue 1 of the SVID.
Extensions beyond the ISO C standard are marked.


text:
Published: Wednesday, November 10, 2010 – 16:35 in Psychology & Sociology
Underage and heavy drinking on college campuses continue to be issues for college administrators. While some campuses, such as the University of Missouri, have made strides in efforts to reduce heavy drinking on campus, administrators are continually trying to educate students about the risks of excessive drinking. Now, two MU psychologists have found that students who viewed images of beer cans packaged and displayed in university colors believed that drinking beer was less dangerous than those students who saw images of regular beer cans. "In this research, we wanted to determine if certain marketing strategies had an effect on whether individuals felt that a certain behavior – in this case, drinking beer – was more or less dangerous," said Chris Loersch, a post-doctoral fellow in the Department of Psychological Sciences in the MU College of Arts and Science. "We found that when people identify themselves with a certain group, such as a college or university, and if that group 'endorses' a product, people assume the product is safe."
According to Loersch, previous studies had investigated how belonging to social groups can affect the behaviors or perceptions of individuals. Loersch said that groups can be close-knit, such as family relationships, or they can be broader, such as individuals who all attend the same university. In either case, people tend to feel a sense of trust and safety within their own groups, or what psychologists call "ingroups."
In the study, Loersch and Bruce Bartholow, associate professor of psychological sciences at MU, found that undergraduate participants who were briefly exposed to beer packaged in MU colors perceived beer drinking as safer than did participants who had seen images of standard beer cans. These feelings of safety existed even when participants were subliminally exposed to the word "beer," providing evidence that the fan cans affect people's unconscious responses toward beer. Loersch said that this research did not investigate whether this change affected actual drinking behavior.
"Previous research has consistently demonstrated that people view members of their social groups as trustworthy and safe," Loersch said. "Our research indicates that this sense of interpersonal safety for ingroup members appears to extend to a product that, via its packaging, conveys cues for group affiliation. These results are important given that alcohol consumption is associated with unsafe behavior, often leading to increases in risk-taking, aggressiveness and likelihood of serious injury."
In the research, Loersch and Bartholow conducted three experiments. University of Missouri students were randomly assigned to view either a standard beer can or a fan can with MU colors along with other beverages. Participants in the first experiment rated beer consumption as less dangerous after having seen the fan can compared to the regular beer can. In the second experiment, participants who first saw the fan can were faster to recognize words indicating safety, and slower to recognize words indicating danger, than were participants who first saw a regular beer can. In the third experiment, participants who saw a fan can rated the local social scene as less dangerous compared to participants who saw a regular beer can or a bottle of water presented in university colors.
"Evidence-based prevention strategies focus on helping students accurately assess the risks associated with drinking," said Susan O'Neill, a psychologist with the MU Student Health Center. "Marketing campaigns that alter drinkers' perceptions of alcohol's potential risks — particularly at an automatic or unconscious level — have no place in college communities. Challenging the aggressive promotion of drinking, whether by campus social groups or national corporations, is important to create a campus culture that encourages responsible drinking."
Source: University of Missouri-Columbia


text: The new frontier in the quest for the highest contrast levels in the focal plane of a coronagraph is now the correction of the large diffraction artifacts introduced at the science camera by apertures of increasing complexity. Indeed, the future generation of spaceand ground-based coronagraphic instruments will be mounted on on-axis and/or segmented telescopes; the design of coronagraphic instruments for such observatories is currently a domain undergoing rapid progress. One approach consists of using two sequential deformable mirrors (DMs) to correct for aberrations introduced by secondary mirror structures and segmentation of the primary mirror. The coronagraph for the WFIRST-AFTA mission will be the first of such instruments in space with a two-DM wavefront control system. Regardless of the control algorithm for these multiple DMs, they will have to rely on quick and accurate simulation of the propagation effects introduced by the out-of-pupil surface. In the first part of this paper, we present the analytical description of the different approximations to simulate these propagation effects. In Appendix A, we prove analytically that in the special case of surfaces inducing a converging beam, the Fresnel method yields high fidelity for simulations of these effects. We provide numerical simulations showing this effect. In the second part, we use these tools in the framework of the active compensation of aperture discontinuities (ACAD) technique applied to pupil geometries similar to WFIRST-AFTA. We present these simulations in the context of the optical layout of the high-contrast imager for complex aperture telescopes, which will test ACAD on a optical bench. The results of this analysis show that using the ACAD method, an apodized pupil Lyot coronagraph, and the performance of our current DMs, we are able to obtain, in numerical simulations, a dark hole with a WFIRST-AFTA-like. Our numerical simulation shows that we can obtain contrast better than in monochromatic light and better than with 10% bandwidth between 5 and 14.


text:
This argument is solid and weighty, but it is neither reasonable nor convincing. Not all the stones in Boston...shall shut my mouth. — Rev. John Murray, father of American Universalism, on the occasion of a rock thrown at him while he preached
Unitarian Universalism has a long and honorable history. The founders of our faith were often called heretics. However, the Greek word "heretic" actually means "to choose," which is exactly what our forbearers did when they chose to reject the Trinity and eternal damnation and follow their own beliefs. We have no creed, yet Unitarian Universalism has a common history that binds its members together and a faith heritage that exemplifies our fourth Principle: affirmation of each person's free search for truth and meaning.
The theme of this session is "Our religion has a long history surrounded in love." Participants learn about the richness of our liberal religious heritage and discover that the basic beliefs of our religion were established hundreds of years ago. The story and activities in this session discuss historical figures and events that were important to the development of our religion today.
This session will:
- Introduce the Unitarian Universalist idea that each person is free to search for what is true and right in life (fourth Principle)
- Celebrate our heritage of Unitarian Universalist thought
- Develop participants' knowledge and appreciation of our liberal religious heritage.
- Discover UU history through a visual representation
- Connect names and faces to some Unitarian and Universalist historical figures
- Learn how our religion spread in early American history
- Produce art that celebrates our centuries-old history.


Online Accessibility Training
ABS's Guidelines for Verbal Description
Elisabeth Salzhauer Axel, Virginia Hooper, Teresa Kardoulias, Sarah Stephenson Keyes, and Francesca Rosenberg
Verbal description is a way of using words to represent the visual world. This kind of description enables persons who are blind or visually impaired to form a mental image of what they cannot see. Verbal description has been used to make visual information accessible in film, television, and, more recently, in museums. In museums, verbal description may be used before, after, or during a standard gallery tour. Having a lecturer who can respond to particular questions and engage museum visitors in thought-provoking conversation is one way of providing descriptions of works of art. Additionally, descriptions may be provided in the form of an audioguide, enabling museums to develop an archive of narratives for specific works of art. In the best scenario, these two resources are used in a complementary manner.
The following guidelines comprise a basic methodology that museum educators and art teachers can use to create successful verbal descriptions of painting, sculpture, and architecture, as well as works in other media. Accompanying this section are passages excerpted from Art History Through Touch and Sound: A Multisensory Guide for the Blind and Visually Impaired, a twenty-one-volume audio-book series developed by Art Beyond Sight, Inc. These excerpted passages suggest a few of the ways an educator can create successful verbal descriptions of visual art.
1. Standard Information
Verbal description starts with the standard information found on a museum's object label: artist, nationality, title, date, mediums, dimensions, and the custodian or location of the work. While not necessarily descriptive, this basic information provides blind and visually impaired individuals with the same information available to sighted viewers. Additionally, object-label information places the work in an historical context and establishes a foundation for much of the information that follows. The example below is a straightforward way of imparting the information.
 - This sculpture is from ancient Egypt, and the artist is unknown. The work has been given the title Scribe Statue of General Horemhab. The sculpture was made during Dynasty 18, around 1333 to 1323 B.C.E. The medium is granite. The work measures 46 inches high, or 117 centimeters. The sculpture is in the collection of The Metropolitan Museum of Art, in New York.
 -Art Beyond Sight (ABS) and Marsha Hill, The Art of Ancient Egypt
If the size of a work is important, draw the viewer's attention to this feature and provide a familiar analogy. Relative size is particularly useful because everyone can identify with the size of a familiar object. For instance, Jackson Pollock's painting One, which measures 8 ft. 10 in. x 17 ft. 5 in., can be compared to the size of six single mattresses placed side by side.
2. General Overview: Subject, Form, and Color
The basic object-label information is followed by a general overview of the subject matter and composition of the work. Generally, a coherent description should provide visual information in a sequence, allowing a blind person to assemble, piece by piece, an image of a highly complex work of art. First describe the explicit subject, that is, what is represented in the work. For example, "This painting features a recycled Savarin coffee can filled with about eighteen paintbrushes." Next describe the composition and give an overall impression of the work. Include in this description the color tones and the mood or atmosphere. Many people who have lost their sight have a visual memory of colors. In the passage below, a general description of Masaccio's fresco The Expulsion from Eden (c. 1425) introduces the basic scene.
 - We see two nudes, a man and a woman, in obvious emotional distress, walking from the center of the painting to the right across a bleak brown landscape free of any vegetation. Above them, we see an angel wearing bright-red robes, carrying a sword, hurrying them on their way. They are leaving Paradise, as the title suggests. Within the barely suggested gate on the left, we see rays of light, which represent the presence of the Lord. These light rays resemble straight lines that are pulled together at one end, as they would be in a broom. The man and the woman are being banished from Paradise. The warm peach flesh tones of their bodies contrast with the blue sky.
 -ABS and Fredericka Foster Shapiro, Fifteenth-Century Italian Art
3. Orient the Viewer with Directions
Specific and concrete information is required to indicate the location of objects or figures in a work of art. A useful directional method is to refer to the positions of the numbers on a clock. Most blind people are familiar with this method of providing direction. For example, in referring to a person's face, you would describe the mouth as being at six o'clock. Also, when describing a figure depicted in a work of art, remember that the image is the equivalent of a mirror image. Right and left can be very ambiguous terms unless they are qualified. Accordingly, you should describe the figure according to its right or left, and always qualify this description. Refer to the viewer's orientation to right and left, as well. For example, "The woman's right hand, which is on your left, holds a small goblet."
4. Describe the Importance of the Technique or Medium
Sometimes, there is an important relationship between the implicit content and the technique or medium employed to make the work. Detailed information on these topics enables a blind viewer to understand the ways in which meaning, style, or both are generated from the materials. Technique and medium are functions of each other, and, typically, discussion of one must include the other. Because this kind of information can be very technical, you may want to ask blind viewers how interested they are in this subject. The first passage below describes the impact of the oil-painting technique on the art of the northern Renaissance. The second passage, in a discussion of King Khafra and Horus (2550 B.C.E.), conveys relevant information on the stone.
 - In the fifteenth century, artists such as Robert Campin and Jan van Eyck realized the advantages of the oil-painting medium. With oil paint, colored pigment is suspended in a viscous oil medium that is slow to dry. Because the oil paint is slow to dry, it is easily manipulated by the brush on a wood panel or canvas surface. This flexibility enables the artist to blend colors easily. And by the subtle blending of colors, the painter is able to model forms, and suggest light and shadow. The illusion of light and shadow makes the forms appear more three-dimensional. As a result of this technique, fifteenth-century artists rendered the natural volumes of a cheek or an arm in a more convincing manner than their predecessors.
 -ABS and Toby Falk, The Renaissance Outside of Italy
 - In this statue, the pharaoh is seated on a throne. The statue is carved in an extremely hard, dense stone called gneiss. The Egyptians sought out this stone in quarries along the desert valleys, where they also collected many other unusual and beautiful stones. To the touch, the stone feels extremely smooth and cool. It is blackish-gray, with streaks and strands of white. And so the surface does not really look like flesh. After it is carved, the surface is given a polish so that it reflects a soft light. The soft gleam and the unusual coloration give this statue a restrained, but palpable, sense of light.
 -ABS and Marsha Hill, The Art of Ancient Egypt
5. Focus on the Style
When we talk about the style of a work of art, we are referring to the features that identify a work as being by a particular artist or school, or of a movement, period, or geographical region. Style is the cumulative result of many characteristics, including brushwork, use of tone and color, choice of different motifs, and the treatment of the subject. After the basic information about subject, composition, and mediums have been conveyed, the verbal description can focus on how these many elements contribute to the whole. In a tour that includes several works of art, comparisons are an effective way of making stylistic features tangible. In the following passage, the style of a Roman sculpture, Augustus of Primaporta (c. 20 B.C.E.), is compared to that of an earlier Greek work, Polykleitos' Spear Bearer (c. 450-440 B.C.E.).
 - The head of Augustus combines an idealizing tendency in the style of Greek prototypes with realistic features of the emperor. The arrangement of Augustus' hair reflects the influence of Polykleitos' Spear Bearer. For, like the hair of the Spear Bearer, Augustus' hair is short and curly. The curls on both statues do not stand up from the head. They lie flat like a close-fitting cap. Augustus' hair differs from that of the Spear Bearer in that the hair is slightly longer, and it is combed both forward and backward, rather than simply being combed forward. The overall effect of the arrangement of Augustus' hair is orderly but at the same time dynamic. The orderliness of the hair seems to indicate that it has been intentionally idealized in the Primaporta portrait and in other portraits of Augustus, which all exhibit the same hair treatment.
 -ABS and Frances Van Keuren, Etruscan and Roman Art
6. Use Specific Words
Clear and precise language is crucial to any good description. In describing visual art to a blind audience, you must be careful to avoid ambiguous and figurative language. The


Taking pride in your work is paramount
The pride people take in their work transcends to their homes, their education, families and communities — Leonard Boswell
It's a simple statement, but it says a lot. We spend so much of our lives at work so it's important to consider what gets us out of bed every morning, eager to give 100%.
I have spoken for years about how happy people mean happy customers and, ultimately, a healthy bottom line. But now as I consider what we are up to at the Big Red Group it goes beyond this. As founders we are driven by passion and purpose (we see this each week on Shark Tank), but how we build teams, and lead all our stakeholders, is critically important to our overall 'experience' of success.
Some claim it's recognition that does the trick (and it does have a significant impact). Others claim a pay packet in enough to motivate their people (great employers know better). Some studies have even claimed having a "work bestie" is the key to people being engaged, motivated and generally better at their jobs from nine to five each day.
But a piece of research conducted by Facebook last year really nails it in my opinion. The internal study of Facebook employees showed the number one factor contributing to overall employee engagement was in fact pride in the company. What the company stood for, what it was trying to achieve and its genuine approach to people, customers and the community.
"When people feel proud to work here they are more satisfied, more committed, more successful, and more likely to recommend us as a great place to work."
Pride plays a big role in our lives. Students take pride when they ace a test or graduate from school. Sports fans take pride when their teams win — soccer and basketball fans show testosterone spikes after a victory, and college students are more likely to wear school shirts after a football victory. Parents take pride when their kids make the honour roll or win the spelling bee …sometimes too much pride.
But when it comes to employee engagement, we've overlooked the importance of pride. When we talk about engaged employees, we usually focus on how people feel about their relationships and their work. Gallup famously found people were more engaged when they had strong relationships — especially a best friend at work — and evidence suggests people are more engaged when they're working on tasks they enjoy.
Although these factors matter in our data, we were surprised to learn that pride has an even stronger impact. People have a relationship with their company too, and that relationship plays a major role in engagement.
The study found that there were three major factors that contributed to a sense of pride in the company.
Optimism: How much do people believe in the company's future?
Mission: How much do people care about the company's vision and goals?
Social good: How confident are people that the company is making the world a better place?
Recognition as a tool allows people to amplify this pride.
On reading this I reflected about the Big Red Group and what we stand for. What is it that we do that can create a sense of optimism? What is our mission? What are we doing to better not only ourselves, but the community as a whole? And is it that my co-founder David Anderson and I just talk about it — or do our leaders, colleagues and other stakeholders share that same understanding?
To create a culture of accomplishment and pride is first of all to make sure that people know what and why they are doing what they do each day. So how do we create a sense of common pride?
Shared company values is a good place to start. We use a framework called the V2MOM, designed by Salesforce, which outlines our business (and individual) Vision, Values, Methods, Obstacles and Measures; it has taken the old 'KPI' to a whole new level. We use the framework to design our plan and to ensure everyone in the business has a program and knows what they are accountable for.
And then there is the other side of the coin: how do people feel proud if they're not actually aligned to the business at a particular point in time? If they don't share the company values, or don't feel the company is living by its values?
I look again to Facebook and its current campaign about getting back to its roots and using the platform as a way for people to connect. It really is a crafty redirection from privacy breaches, fake news and their founder sitting in front of congress yet again, not saying a whole lot, but apologising yet again.
When are apologises just not good enough anymore? Actions speak louder than words, or a shiny new TV commercial. Look at Twitter: it's deleting six million accounts in an attempt to "improve the health of conversation on the platform", and before the onslaught of 'fake news' totally ruins the experience for everyone (and people's reputations simultaneously). I would argue anything less is like putting lipstick on a pig — and I wonder how much pride Facebook employees are feeling at this moment in time.
Surely it's better to simply own the issues and set about resolving them. Pretending, and not being authentic in your mistakes, is more damaging than owning it and admitting you got it wrong — we've all been there, myself included.
So I'm adding one more element to the list of predictors of pride in the workplace. And that is authenticity. As leaders, if we do what we say we're going to do, and own and stand by our mistakes as we try to fix them, we're not only showing we're human, we're living a powerful example for those around us. And I can't think of a better thing to be proud of.
This article first appeared on Smartcompany.
Also published on Medium.
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