Never so bad as they can't get worse
Ian Sansom surveys a batch of tales of human misery and abuse from Josiane Behmoiras, Mary Loudon, Rosalind B Penfold and Elaine Bass
Dora B: A Memoir of My Mother by Josiane Behmoiras 240pp, Bloomsbury, £12.99
Relative Strangers: A Life After Death by Mary Loudon 384pp, Canongate, £16.99
Dragonslippers: This Is What an Abusive Relationship Looks Like by Rosalind B Penfold 240pp, Harper Press, £9.99
A Secret Madness: The Story of a Marriage by Elaine Bass 288pp, Profile, £12.99
They call them misery memoirs - books by survivors of abuse, or by relatives of the troubled and the abused, books of sorrow and rage by the wronged and those who wish to right wrongs. Publishers publish them, more and more all the time, the endless tales of human misery, like court reports between hard covers, or paperback analysts' notebooks, overwhelming the distinctions between autobiography and self-help and non-fiction, and we read them and enjoy them and yet perhaps feel instinctively that they are somehow dubious, morally murky. Memoirs exist anyway in a grey zone of ethics and aesthetics, and we know that every act of writing is an act of injustice, so how then are the wounded to write about their torments and the torments of others? How to afford dignity to pain? How do we write out trauma?
Josiane Behmoiras' Dora B is a book about her mother's madness. Growing up in France in the early 1960s, Behmoiras describes a childhood of appalling squalor, scavenging for food, stealing everything they owned. "We sneaked into the courtyards of rich people, lifted the lids of rubbish bins and found our treasures: a bunch of wilted pink artificial flowers, a white embroidered tablecloth speckled with rust, a man's shirt marked with red lipstick, a satin purse coming undone at the seam."
Behmoiras' mother, Dora, is a Jew, and eventually the Jewish Agency pays for mother and child to go to a settlement in Israel, where they're given a primitive, asbestos-walled hut to live in and some basic provisions. But the Promised Land is a nightmare: their neighbours steal their food; fighting is Sabbath entertainment; and Dora descends deeper into mental illness. She believes she's being spied on, that there are hidden microphones everywhere, that people are setting out to cheat and persecute her. Behmoiras eventually escapes both from Israel and her mother, moving to Australia, but Dora's final illness draws her back.
The brilliance of the book - which is everywhere dense, rich and associative - is that Behmoiras leaves her mother entirely in the precincts of her madness; she does not try to explain it or to rationalise it; she does not attempt to defend her mother's behaviour or to condemn the behaviour of others. This, Behmoiras seems to suggest, simply is what is: the book is pure testimony.
Mary Loudon's Relative Stranger, on the other hand, takes a more strident and moral tone. It's an intelligent work of self-searching, self-reassurance and justification. Loudon tells the story of her elder sister, Catherine, who suffered from schizophrenia and who died, estranged from her family, aged 47. Catherine believed MI5 was after her; she was obsessed with Tibet and was a gifted pianist and artist. After Catherine's death Loudon devotes herself to finding out about her last years - the sisters had lost touch - and in so doing attempts to restore dignity to both Catherine and herself.
Loudon's method is to interview people who knew her sister, such as George and Joyce, who run the local shop where Catherine bought her groceries and who looked out for her and always gave her a sandwich. From such examples of ordinary, everyday virtue Loudon gains hope. "The world turns and surely, repeatedly, humanity disgraces itself. Yet there is hope. At least, there is if you believe that the good that is done can serve as a significant compensation for the bad. If so, perhaps an act of neglect elsewhere was negated by each sandwich George made for Catherine in Bristol."
Loudon's clear moral tone and determined purpose give her prose a swing and balance. "When someone is asleep and they cannot tell the difference between what is real and what is imaginary, they are dreaming. When someone is awake and they cannot tell the difference between what is real and what is imaginary, they are having a nightmare from which even sleep is no escape." Relative Stranger offers lessons and conclusions.
Rosalind B Penfold's graphic novel Dragonslippers: This Is What an Abusive Relationship Looks Like is a plea. Penfold is a pseudonym, and the book attempts to do exactly what its subtitle suggests, being a cartoon account of a woman lost, as she puts it, in "a quicksand of verbal, emotional, sexual and, ultimately, physical abuse". The book is an appeal to all those who have suffered to "identify warning signs of abuse". The drawings in the book - often crude and sketchy - become almost a pastiche of human misery and violence, in order to emphasise Penfold's universalising impulse and appeal. "This is the story of a worldwide phenomenon," she writes. Penfold eventually discovers a way out of the relationship through therapy.
There was no such thing as therapy for Elaine Bass. Bass is 84 years old, A Secret Madness is her first book, and hers is a story of England and the 1950s; a superb, tragic period piece. Bass's husband, Gerald, seems to have suffered from some kind of obsessive-compulsive disorder - though Bass never names the illness. "'I know you'll think I'm mad,' Gerald says", the book begins, but Bass doesn't want to believe it. "Gerald isn't mad, Gerald isn't mad, Gerald isn't mad." Obsessed with routines and dictionaries, Gerald eventually becomes violent and one day simply leaves. There is no reconciliation.
So what can we learn from these very different and harrowing accounts? There is an argument that such memoirs are inherently vulgar and bullying appeals for sympathy, or that they are barely disguised acts of vengeance. Yet they are also necessary reminders that humanity's capacity for good and for ill is no greater or lesser than ever. They mock our expectations of what life should be like and, as such, they are beyond criticism. Can you criticise pain?
·: Ian Sansom's The Case of the Missing Books is published by Fourth Estate
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An essential guide to all aspects of video technology for sound technicians wishing to broaden their knowledge. It explains in a highly readable and engaging way, the key technologies and issues, as well as the terms, acronyms and definitions. Although intended for the sound professional, this book will also appeal to anyone involved in working with video.
Everything is covered: from how television and video cameras work to digital video recording, electronic news gathering, nonlinear editing, video effects as well as telecine, widescreen technology and the home cinema. The book also takes a look at the impact of digital technology on production methods and examines the technology and rationale behind digital television, High Definition Television, and DVD. It concludes with the use of video in multimedia and the internet. Based on a series of popular articles in Audio Media magazine, this a vital introductory work for students and professionals wishing to broaden their knowledge of video. *Covers all aspects of video; from television production technologies to digital television, HDTV, widescreen, and DVD recording. *Easy to read and a fast way to broaden your knowledge
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Trade names: TheraCys®, TICE® BCG
Chemocare.com uses generic names in all descriptions of drugs. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin is the trade name for BCG. TheraCys and TICE BCG are other names for BCG. In some cases, health care professionals may use the trade name bacullus calmette-guerin or other names TheraCys or TICE BCG when referring to the generic drug name BCG.
Drug type: BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin) is a biologic response modifier.
(For more detail, see "How this drug works" section below).
What this drug is used for:
- Bladder cancer
- Immunization against tuberculosis
Note: If a drug has been approved for one use, physicians sometimes elect to use this same drug for other problems if they believe it might be helpful.
How this drug is given:
- BCG is given by intravesicular infusion. This means it is given directly into the bladder through a urinary catheter. The urinary catheter is inserted through the urethra (the tube which carries urine from the bladder to the outside the body). The BCG solution is injected into the catheter, which is then clamped. Clamping the catheter allows the medication to remain in the bladder. The patient is encouraged to roll from side to side and to lie on their backs to help the medication reach all areas of the bladder. After a predetermined time (usually about 2 hours) the catheter is unclamped and the fluid is drained. The catheter is then removed.
- BCG treatment is given as an outpatient procedure.
- The treatments are usually given on a weekly basis for 6 weeks followed by treatments once a month for 6 to 12 months. Your doctor will determine your exact treatment schedule and dose.
Important things to remember about the side effects of BCG:
- Most people do not experience all of the side effects listed.
- Side effects are often predictable in terms of their onset and duration.
- Side effects are almost always reversible and will go away after therapy is complete.
- There are many options to minimize or prevent side effects.
- There is no relationship between the presence or severity of side effects and the effectiveness of the medication.
The following side effects are common (occurring in greater than 30%) for patients having BCG treatments:
- Painful or difficult urination, urgency (see bladder problems)
- Urinary frequency (see bladder problems)
- Blood in the urine (hematuria) (see bladder problems)
- Flu-like symptoms; fever, chills, malaise, fatigue, generalized aches and pains.
These are less common side effects (occurring in 10-29%) for patients receiving BCG vaccine:
- Bladder irritation or infection
A rare, but potentially serious side effect of BCG is called systemic BCG reaction. This systemic reaction to BCG can occur following exposure to BCG within one week of either biopsy, TUR(trans-urethral resection) surgery, or traumatic bladder catheterization. Symptoms of a systemic BCG reaction include unexplained high fever lasting 24-48 hours or more, chills, confusion, dizziness or lightheadedness (symptoms of low blood pressure) or shortness of breath. A systemic BCG reaction can cause pneumonitis, hepatitis, prostatitis, epididimal-orchitis, respiratory distress and other symptoms of sepsis (systemic infection).
Not all side effects are listed above, some that are rare (occurring in less than 10% of patients) are not listed here. However, you should always inform your health care provider if you experience any unusual symptoms.
When to contact your doctor or health care provider:
Contact your healthcare provider immediately, day or
night, if you should experience any of the following symptoms:
- Shortness of breath
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
The following symptoms require medical attention, but are not an emergency. Contact your health care provider within 24 hours of noticing any of the following:
- Fever of 39.5(C (103(F) or higher within 24 hours.
- Fever of 38.5(C (101(F) or higher after 48 hours.
- Blood in the urine.
- Extreme fatigue (unable to perform self care activities).
- Fever, chills, malaise, flu-like symptoms, increased fatigue or an increase in urinary symptoms (such as burning or pain on urination) are not uncommon. However, if these increase in severity, or last more than 48 hours let your doctor know.
Always inform your health care provider if you experience any unusual symptoms.
- Before starting BCG treatments, make sure you tell your doctor about any other medications you are taking (including over-the-counter drugs, vitamins, or herbal remedies).
- BCG may be inadvisable in tuberculin positive individuals.
- Inform your health care professional if you are pregnant or may be pregnant prior to starting this treatment. Pregnancy category C (use in pregnancy only if benefit to mother outweighs risk to the fetus).
- To avoid transmission of BCG to others, for 6 hours after treatment patients should void (urinate) while seated to avoid splashing of urine. Urine voided during this time should be disinfected with 2 cups of household bleach into the toilet water and letting it stand for 15-20 minutes before flushing.
- Men having this treatment can pass on BCG during sex. To protect your partner from coming into contact with BCG, you should not have sex for 48 hours after each treatment. Use a condom if you have sex at other times during the treatment course and for six weeks after treatment has ended.
- For both men and women: Do not conceive a child (get pregnant) while taking BCG treatments. Barrier methods of contraception, such as condoms, are recommended. Discuss with your doctor when you may safely become pregnant after therapy.
- Do not breast-feed while taking this medication.
- Limit fluid intake for 6-10 hrs before treatment and for 2 hours following installation of BCG, afterward resume normal fluid intake.
- Avoid caffeine and alcohol on treatment days. This is due to the diuretic and irritant properties of these substances.
- Get plenty of rest.
- Maintain good nutrition.
- If you experience symptoms or side effects, be sure to discuss them with your health care team. They can prescribe medications and/or offer other suggestions that are effective in managing such problems.
Monitoring and testing:
You will be monitored regularly by your doctor while you are receiving treatment with BCG. Your doctor will order blood tests and other tests as needed to monitor side effects and check your response to therapy.
How this drug works:
BCG is thought to bring about an immune response in the bladder by triggering an inflammatory reaction in the bladder. This reaction brings disease-fighting white blood cells and cytokines (proteins produced by one cell that influence the behavior of other cells) to the bladder. The immune system cells then fight directly against the tumor cells. The cytokine response changes the environment in the bladder that may inhibit future tumor growth and progression.
Note: We strongly encourage you to talk with your health care professional about your specific medical condition and treatments. The information contained in this website is meant to be helpful and educational, but is not a substitute for medical advice.

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The theist pump is used to extract and examine the contents of the fish's throat before it reaches its stomach. This helps discover what trout are feeding on allowing you to accurately match the food source. This study of the trout's food source dramatically improves catch rates. The pump is made of a rubber bulb and a small diameter plastic tapered straw which is easy to operate.
TO USE: Cradle fish in hand in a horizontal position with gentle but steady pressure. Fill the pump with water, then empty bulb so only the straw contains water. With bulb collapsed slide the tube gently into the fish. Squirt a few drops of water into the fish's throat then release the pressure on the bulb. The contents of the fish's throat will be drawn into the straw. With smaller fish use less suction. Release fish, squeeze contents of the pump into palm or vial to examine.


What's Your Definition Of An Informatics Pharmacist?
For pharmacists who have transitioned into this area, most would agree that the industry has not yet settled on an accepted definition. Although ASHP has defined what they feel an Informatics Pharmacist is, there's not necessarily consistency in terms of how it's used to describe the positions that are being created within hospitals across the country.
Hospitals may use the ASHP definition to create a position description for a newly created role within their pharmacy, but inevitably the description will be based upon tasks that the department and organization need to be performed within the new position. It's at this point that the extra tasks that don't seem to fall neatly into any position are sometimes included in the position being created.
[eBook: How Pharmacy Informatics are Evolving to Improve Patient Care]
The bottom line is, there are no common definitions that separate the two. At this point within the industry, there's no standard that I've seen accepted broadly. Healthcare organizations are defining the skill and knowledge that need to be performed by someone in the pharmacy based on the technology and software that the pharmacy uses. The organization then decides if that person is better based in the pharmacy or the IT department.
In many organizations, this is influenced by which departments have the money for the position, or which department will have the ultimate responsibility for either implementing or supporting the technology once it's been installed. The two are really defined by the responsibilities that are assigned to the specific positions within the organization. What I then find is that if the position resides in the pharmacy, then you have an Informatics Pharmacist; if the position resides in the IT department, then you have an IT Pharmacist.
Below are responses to this question from our podcast series.
In your opinion, what's the difference between an IT Pharmacist and an Informatics Pharmacist?
Informatics Pharmacist
"In my mind, an informatics pharmacist specializes or is knowledgeable in the total medication process, from ordering to administration, and is responsible for effective process design, development, and implementation of the Electronic Medical Record and Clinical Decision Support. The informatics pharmacist should support pharmacists, physicians, nurses, and other clinicians as the resource for requests related to PharmNet, PowerChart, Discern rule changes and additions." — Tom Zogiab
"The informatics pharmacist, on the other hand, is more of a specialist who turns that pharmacy data into information. What I mean by that is, he/she will do an analysis of the pharmacy data, the clinical data, the cost data, and that type of functional data to improve clinical outcome, cost control and, ultimately, system optimization. One is more of a product specialist and the other takes that data and turns it into useful information." — Dave Wolfe
"When I hear the term Informatics Pharmacist, I think of a clinically trained pharmacist using that knowledge to improve information systems as they relate to the medication-use process." — Ron Burnett
"The informaticists do the same as the IT pharmacists but are more deeply involved in how systems are integrating with one another and how to use data between systems to help their fellow pharmacists up on the floors or in the main pharmacy to be able to do some different things." — Dave Stansbury
IT Pharmacist
"The IT Pharmacist is responsible for the technical aspects resulting from the information acquired from the informatics pharmacist and attempting to give the informatics pharmacist a working model of their request or vision of their electronic process." — Tom Zogiab
"I view an IT Pharmacist as a functional expert who understands the implementation, the maintenance, and the workflow of the pharmacy system, and how they function and interface in other systems." — Dave Wolfe
"When I hear the term IT Pharmacist, I think of a pharmacist working in the IT department as an analyst, who may or may not use a lot of their clinical background. " — Ron Burnett
"The IT pharmacist is more the IT person in the pharmacy who is doing the day-to-day maintenance, upgrading systems, and a bit of interface." — Dave Stansbury
"In the purest sense of the form, the informatics is about collecting, analyzing, pushing, and pulling data, and information technology is more about the hardware and the software, focusing more on how the operational things work inside of technology. If you look closely, those terms are really interchangeable inside a pharmacy. There's no really great definition or differentiation between the two, and that's indicative if you look at ASHP: the name of their section is the ASHP section for pharmacy informatics and technology. And if you look at job descriptions, they're all over the board. Honestly, those two terms currently are interchangeable. I think the job, in itself, is in its infancy and so, as it continues to grow, I don't know if those are eventually going to be separated back out or not. That's currently how I see the difference and similarities between those two terms. So if you're talking to somebody and you say informatics pharmacist or IT pharmacist, you're basically talking about the same person." — Jerry Fahrni
The impact of pharmacy informatics on patient care has been profound. Download our eBook to learn how this has improved patient care.
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29 April 1994
On 29 April 1994, the Director of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC), Prof. Francisco Sanchez and the Director General of ESA, Mr. Jean-Marie Luton, signed an agreement on the installation of an Optical Ground Station at the Teide. The main purpose of this ground station is to receive laseroptical signals from ESA's ARTEMIS satellite, to be launched in 1997.
Note to editors :
Laser-optical Communications in Space : a Telescope on the Canary Islands to Receive Laser Signals from ESA's ARTEMIS Satellite ESA is pushing ahead with very advanced technology to transmit data directly from one satellite to another. Optical communications are a well-established technology on the ground, but ESA is now developing space optical communications using lasers. The first ever demonstration of such a link will take place in 1997.
The setting-up of an Optical Ground Station at the IAC Teide Observatory on Tenerife, Canary Islands, to receive laser signals from ESA's ARTEMIS satellite is part of this effort. A one-metre telescope is the heart of this ground station. The Tenerife site chosen for the deployment of the telescope is at 2400 metres altitude. Observations are almost entirely undisturbed by stray light and the site is particularly well suited to simulate and test laser optical communications with a satellite in geostationary orbit.
The terms of agreement allow the IAC, in exchange for making the site and its infrastructure available to ESA, parttime use of the telescope for astrophysical research. Following comprehensive testing, the Optical Ground Station will be installed on Tenerife in the second half of 1995, awaiting the launch of ESA's telecommunications satellite ARTEMIS and comprehensive tests with its SILEX laser-optical payload.
ARTEMIS is an advanced satellite for testing and operating new telecommunications techniques and services. The SILEX optical terminal carried by ARTEMIS will enable it to exchange data with other satellites, by sending or receiving laser beams.
The first satellite to make use of ARTEMIS laser communications capabilities will be the French SPOT-4 Earth observation satellite to be launched in early 1997. The initial data rate of SILEX for the transmission of remote sensing data is 50 Mbit per sec.
Note New artist's impressions of ARTEMIS and SILEX are available on request from ESA Public Relations in Paris.


Definitions: One says that a map $\pi\colon\mathcal X\to X$ from an algebraic stack to an algebraic space is a good moduli space if $\pi$ is cohomologically affine and universal for maps to schemes. (A good (but not equivalent) way to think about a stack whose good moduli space is a single point is that for any two points, the closure of their orbits intersect.)
One says that a stack $\mathcal X$ is a quotient stack if it is the quotient of an algebraic space by a subgroup of GL_n (see for instance EHKV, which also gives a criterion for a stack to be a quotient stack in terms of vector bundles).
One says that a stack has the resolution property if every coherent sheaf is a quotient of some vector bundle; Totaro's paper The resolution property for schemes and stacks relates the property of being a quotient stack to the resolution property.
Question: Let $\mathcal X$ be a stack with a good moduli space $\mathcal X \to X$ such that X is a geometric point (i.e., X = Spec k, where k is a separably closed field). Suppose further that the stabilizers are affine linearly reductive groups. Is $\mathcal X$ a quotient stack?
(See this answer for the definition of stabilizer of a point of a stack that isn't a quotient stack.)
 1. The condition on stabilizers excludes things like BE with E an elliptic curve.
 2. The condition that k is separably closed excludes non-trivial gerbes.
 3. I'd be just as happy with an answer to "Does the resolution property hold for $\mathcal X$?".
 - 5
 $\begingroup$ This is an interesting question. Here is a specific instance: let $n$ be a positive integer, and let $\mathcal X_n$ be the stack over $\mathbb C$ of nodal proper curves of genus 0 with at most $n$ nodes. One shows that it satisfies the conditions above. It is a quotient stack for $n \leq 1$, but I don't know the answer for any $n \geq 2$. $\endgroup$ – Angelo Feb 28 '11 at 7:03
 - 2
 $\begingroup$ The stack $\mathcal{X}_n$ is not a global quotient stack for $n\geq 2$ (Kresch: Flattening stratification and the stack of partial stabilisations of prestable curves). But, as noted by David Zureick-Brown in arxiv:_PHONE_, $\mathcal{X}_n\to \mathrm{Spec}(\mathbb{C})$ is not a good moduli space so this does not answer the question. $\endgroup$ – David Rydh Feb 5 '13 at 19:10
This is answered in general by Theorem 13.1 in our paper The étale local structure of algebraic stacks (arXiv:1912.06162). Let $\mathcal{X}$ be a stack with a good moduli space $X$ such that
 1. $\mathcal{X}$ has affine stabilizers,
 2. $\mathcal{X}$ has separated diagonal, and
 3. $\mathcal{X}$ is of finite presentation over an algebraic space.
Then $\mathcal{X}$ has the resolution property étale-locally (and even Nisnevich-locally) on $X$. In particular, if $X$ is the spectrum of a field or a henselian local ring, then $\mathcal{X}$ has the resolution property.
Conditions 1 and 2 are necessary. Note that having the resolution property locally on $X$ implies that $\mathcal{X}$ has affine diagonal.
In general $\mathcal{X}$ does not have the resolution property Zariski-locally on $X$. There is an example in SGA 3, Exp X, §1.6 (cf. Remark 2.5 in our paper), of a 2-dimensional torus $G$ over the nodal cubic curve $C$ such that $G$ is not locally isotrivial. This means that $G$ cannot be embedded in $\mathrm{GL}_N$ for any $N$, not even Zariski-locally on $C$. It follows that $\mathcal{X}=BG$ does not have the resolution property Zariski-locally on its good moduli space $X=C$.
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Conjoint behavioral consultation (CBC) is an extension of traditional behavioral consultation in that parents and teachers, with the assistance of a consultant, are joined to identify and address child-related difficulties collaboratively. This article presents a background review of the conceptual and empirical grounds for CBC. A case study of the use of CBC with a young student manifesting an irrational fear of sleeping in his bedroom at home is presented. Specifically, procedures and outcomes of each stage of CBC are described. Considerations for interpreting and using case study results are also presented.


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by Barbara Walvoord
50: The number of total acres of Lathrop land, on both campuses, that have been cleared of invasives, or that are part way through a three-year project to clear invasives. This is a terrific achievement!
4: The number of grants we have received for this work.
Beyond 5,000: The number of invasive plants that volunteer residents have cleared from our land. Some of these plants were garlic mustard plants or shrub and tree seedlings we pulled quickly; some were humongous multiflora rose bushes that took an hour to cut down with our loppers and saws. Some were bittersweet vines as thick as your arm. In addition, our Polatin Ecological Services team has cleared more thousands of invasives from our fifty acres.
96%: The percentage of birds that need insects, not just seeds and nectar, to raise their young.
90%: The percentage of insects that eat only native plants. Plants develop structure and chemistry that deter insect eaters. But a native insect species has developed mouth parts and body chemistry to overcome the defenses of one, or a small number, of native plants Continue reading New Year by the Numbers


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Standard fuzzy systems suffer the "curse of dimensionality" which has become the bottleneck when applying fuzzy systems to solve complex and high dimensional application problems. This curse of dimensionality results in a larger number of fuzzy rules which reduces the transparency of fuzzy systems. Furthermore too many rules also reduce the generalization capability of fuzzy systems. Hierarchical fuzzy systems have emerged as an effective alternative to overcome this curse of dimensionality and have attracted much attention. However, research on learning methods for hierarchical fuzzy systems and applications is rare. In this paper, we propose a scheme to construct general hierarchical fuzzy systems based on the gradient-descent method. To show the advantages of the proposed method (in terms of accuracy, transparency, generalization capability and fewer rules), this method is applied to a function approximation problem and the result is compared with those obtained by standard (flat) fuzzy systems.


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Kara Spiller, PhD, an assistant professor in the School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, has received a prestigious NSF CAREER award.
Kara Spiller, PhD, an assistant professor in the School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems at Drexel University, has received a National Science Foundation's (NSF) Early Career (CAREER) award to develop a new technology that will better control the modification of biomaterials.
The NSF's CAREER program offers the foundation's most prestigious awards in support of early-career, non-tenured faculty who have the potential to serve as academic role models in research and education.
Spiller is studying ways to manipulate the body's immune system, heal injuries and fight against disease. One type of immune system cell, called macrophages, are the body's first natural defense against infections and other types of damage. The success of implanted biomaterials — say, a scaffold to seal a hole in an organ after a tumor is removed – hinges on the behavior of these immune system cells.
Macrophages are versatile cells, constantly shifting their roles in response to cues from their environment. For example, "pro-inflammatory" macrophages clear bacterial infections and tumors and "pro-healing" macrophages promote chronic wound healing. "Pro-angiogenic" macrophages promote the vascularization of implanted biomaterials. Therefore, there is a big need in the biomedical research community for a strategy to precisely control the actions of infiltrating macrophages, particularly in the context of complex biomaterials, such as a bioprosthetic heart valve.
"We want to create the perfect environment for the biomaterial to work with your immune system cells and integrate with surrounding tissue. So, we need very precise control over the bioactive cues to your cells," Spiller said. "Right now, there is no universal way to do that."
The NSF has awarded Spiller funding to solve this problem by determining how changing affinity binding interactions and the biomaterial microenvironment will control the release of cytokines – small proteins that talk to each other to control macrophages in sites of inflammation. Spiller plans to determine how biotin-avidin binding kinetics and biomaterial properties affect the speed and pathway of these proteins being released into the body and subsequently activating macrophages.
Spiller says these experiments could have a diverse range of potential applications.
"If you needed a fast-release and slow-release formulation in the same pill, for example, you could use this technology to release your drug at the different rates," Spiller said. "Or, with tissue engineering, let's say you wanted to grow and organ in a dish, you might need certain factors to be locally presented to your cells in the biomaterials at certain times."
The results of the project will pave the way for the design of biomaterials that can modulate the immune system for biomedical applications, while contributing a fundamental understanding of binding interactions in three dimensions.
Spiller's CAREER project also includes an educational component. As the daughter of a Philadelphia School District teacher, Spiller knows there are few opportunities for students to study engineering in their elementary math and science curriculums. Spiller plans to design a curriculum for teaching students engineering principles from kindergarten until third grade. Spiller and her undergraduate biomedical engineering students will visit classrooms three times per year to lead activities, like showing how packing peanuts dissolve in water and then can be molded into new structures, and using gelatin and food coloring to model diffusion.
The primary goal of the program will be to pilot educational activities that can be shared with other teachers. According to the 2014 National Science Board's Science and Engineering Indicators report, only 39 percent of elementary school teachers feel "very well" prepared to teach STEM principles to children, and only 30 percent feel well prepared to encourage female students to take an interest in science.
Secondary goals of the program are to improve mentorship skills of Drexel students and also to collect preliminary data on how well the program will improve students' STEM performance.
"There is almost nothing in the literature in terms of engineering resources for childhood education, and also there are not a lot of diverse role models for engineering students this young," Spiller said. "My hypothesis is that if you keep repeatedly introducing students to engineering principles throughout their early childhood years, then, as they get older, then they will be more interested in science and math than the kids who just got a one-time engineering activity."


Great Gatsby Theme Essay American Dream
More specifically the film through the life of Gatsbythe main character offers several lessons to the viewer about the reality of the American dream. The Great Gatsby portrays this shift as a symbol of the American Dreams corruption.
The Great Gatsby Gimmesomereads Com Book Worth Reading Greatful The Great Gatsby
Even though this character was born poor he rose to attain a higher social status and wealth.
Great gatsby theme essay american dream. Scott Fitzgerald is a fictional novel about a young mans life narrated by his closest friend Nick. As the narrator puts it Gatsbys parents were shiftless and unsuccessful farm people Fitzgerald 105. The Great Gatsby is a tragic love story on the surface but its most commonly understood as a pessimistic critique of the American Dream.
The American dream is one of the most important themes in The Great Gatsby. It is a common task to write essays on this topic and this guide will present some wonderful ideas students can use in their writing to achieve success. However the most significant one relates to the corruption of the American dream.
Rising from rags to riches of amassing a great fortune that will assure a life of luxuriant ease power and beauty in an ideal world untroubled by care and devoted to the enjoyment of everlasting pleasure and nothing to intervene between wish and fulfillment. In the novel The Great Gatsby the theme of the American Dream is clearly present and shown through the wealth the excessive lifestyle but more importantly the downfall of the American Dream. During the 1920s the perception of the American Dream was that an individual can achieve success in life regardless of family history or social status if they only work hard enough The Demise of the 1920s.
For him the American Dream means. Every single character was somewhat involved or motivated by the American Dream vision. In the Great Gatsby American Dream symbolized the freedom and opportunity to better yourself and your situation.
The creator uses American Dream Theme in Great Gatsby. Throughout American history the American dream has changed from being one which inspired and fed the hopes of people all over the country to the twenties mangled interpretation of it where everything revolved around money and status. The Great Gatsby American Dream Analysis.
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text:
|a screen or mat covered with a dark material for shielding a camera lens from excess light or glare.|
|the offspring of a zebra and a donkey.|
a wind that is strong enough to cause at least light damage to trees and buildings and may or may not be accompanied by precipitation. Wind speeds during a windstorm typically exceed 55 km (34 miles) per hour. Wind damage can be attributed to gusts (short bursts of high-speed winds) or longer periods of stronger sustained winds. Although tornadoes and tropical cyclones also produce wind damage, they are usually classified separately
Learn more about windstorm with a free trial on Britannica.com.


text:
Conference: Psychiatry beyond scientism
|July 6, 2014||Posted by News under Intelligent Design, Medicine, Mind, News, Psychology|
Full title: Psychiatry Beyond Scientism: Exploratory Models, Professional Practices, and Socio-cultural Contexts
January 22-24, 2015
VU University Amsterdam
This international three-day conference investigates the role and nature of knowledge in psychiatry, both as a scientific discipline and as a professional practice. It aims to create a platform for an in-depth philosophical discussion on different forms of theoretical knowledge (e.g., statistical, molecular, genetic, psychological, social) and their interrelatedness, what happens when these forms of knowledge are applied in psychiatric practice, and how they are translated to and received by the general public. The conference is part of a broader research project, titled 'Science beyond Scientism'. In general terms, scientism is the claim that only science can provide us with knowledge about ourselves and the world around us. In the context of psychiatry, this manifests itself most clearly in the tension between theoretical knowledge acquired in a scientific setting and practical knowledge applied to the concrete cases in the consultation room. The aim of the conference is to investigate this tension, and explore how scientific knowledge can be integrated with other sources of knowledge, such as practical understanding, expertise, experience, intuition and wisdom.
There is a call for papers and posters on:
1) Models of explanation in psychiatry
2) Psychiatry as normative practice
3) Psychiatry in the public context
Abstracts by November 1, 2014
Note: Much bad practice in psychiatry has stemmed from scientism; for example crackpot theoretical explanations of mental troubles and/or claims that high doses of medications can simply fix them. Not all theory is wrong, and medications frequently help, but medicine has always been as much an art as a science. Scientism tends to cause overreliance on theory.
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text: The synthesis and characterization of mullite composite nanocrystaline from high-silica kaolin sampled from Tianyang County of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region is presented in this paper. Rough kaolin is firstly grounded and processed to remove impurities, iron and carbon before burned to produce composite oxides with mullite as major components. The composite oxides are further synthesized into composite mullite nanocrystaline by using hydrothermal crystallization process under low temperature and normal pressure. Tests on the composite nanocrystalline by TEM, TG-TDA, and X-ray diffraction methods show that the nanocrystalline range in size from 40 to 100 nm and are well textured. They also show significantly enhanced thermal stability at temperature as high as 1000oC.


Fanny Corbould (nee Heath) _PHONE_
What did Fanny look like?
Born: 22 July 1814 and died 19 February 1850.
Daughter of: Charles Heath, the engraver (_PHONE_) and Elizabeth Petch (?-1861).
Sister of:
1. Emily Heath (_PHONE_).
2. Frederick Augustus Heath (_PHONE_) who married Mrs M Inwood.
3. Alfred Theodosius Heath (_PHONE_) who married Caroline Philpott.
4. Charlotte Palmer (nee Heath, _PHONE_) who married William Palmer.
5. Charles Heath (_PHONE_).
6. Isabel Heath (_PHONE_).
7. Henry Charles Heath (_PHONE_) who married Georgina Woodcock (_PHONE_).
Fanny married: 28 September 1839, Edward Henry Corbould (_PHONE_), son of the artist Henry Corbould and Mary Corbould (nee Pickles).
Fanny and Edward had issue:
1. Jemima Wyburd (nee Corbould, _PHONE_) who married the artist Francis John Wyburd (_PHONE_).
2. Isabel (1842-????).
3. Julia (1844-????).
My knowledge of Fanny comes from information supplied to me by Giles Wyburd.
If anyone out on the internet can supply me with a biography, I would be very pleased to hear from you. More information can be found on the Corbould family at .
Fanny's husband Edward Henry Corbould
If you have any more information please do contact me.
(Home) (Biographies) (Bookplates) (Contact)


text:
WWF: Water quality in Mendalam River, Heart of Borneo, now has significantly improved
PONTIANAK (18/10) - The four years analysis on water quality of Mendalam River, Kapuas Hulu, West Kalimantan since 2009 until 2012, done by WWF-Indonesia West Kalimantan Program in collaboration with ICRAF, LIPI and PDAM Tirta Dharma (state tap-water company), showed a significant decrease in water turbidity and sediment concentration in Mendalam River.
"This study showed a decrease in the average concentration of turbidity, from 13.2 NTU in July 2009 to 8.4 NTU (36.4%) in the measurement from June to July 2012. Trend of sediment concentration indicated a decrease approximately 41.6%, from 26.4 mg / liter (2009) to 15.4 mg / liter in 2012," said Iwan Ridwansyah, MSc, researcher from the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI).
"To address the quality problem of the river in West Kalimantan Province, WWF-Indonesia, CARE and IIED, supported by WWF Netherlands DGIS, started since 2006, have been working together through implementation of EPWS Program in Mendalam River, Kapuas Hulu," said M. Hermayani Putera, West Kalimantan Program Manager of WWF-Indonesia.
Emanuel Haraan Ryanto, Director of PDAM Tirta Dharma Kapuas Hulu said that the study conducted in Mendalam River since 2007-2009 has informed that around 4-15 tons / year of sediment resulted from the river. At least 37 landslide areas with more than 100 meters depth occurred on the banks of the river, as well as more than 76 other landslide locations that are less than 100 meters. Forest cover in the Mendalam currently remains only about 40%.
"The river supplies water for the PDAM Tirta Dharma in Putussibau. Turbidity of the water in this river is now reaching up to 16 NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Unit), far above the minimal score for drinking water standards according to the regulation of the Indonesia Ministry of Health, which is 5 NTU. If this trend maintains, it will have an impact on improving the quality of tap water treatment, eventually processed tap water distributed by PDAM will be safe for consumption and meet the minimum standards set by the Ministry of Health. We thank you for the efforts made by the WWF to improve the environment, particularly in Mendalam sub-watershed. This will be very useful for people who use tap water," added Emanuel.
During the implementation of EPWS program, restoration has been done in the area of landslides along the banks of the Mendalam River. Mapping of critical areas, planting 140,000 cultivated tree types such as cocoa, rubber (local and superior quality), and also other types of useful local plants such as belian, tengkawang and gaharu. Restoration covered 5 villages totalling approximately 212 hectares. In addition, the program also helps to improve the capacity of the community through several activities such as comparative study on rubber management to one state-owned plantation company in Indonesia (PTPN XIII) in Sintang, training for plantation (nursery to planting), training on measuring water discharge, water sampling, and measurement of the landslides volume. The program has also installed three units of automatic rain gauge and 2 units of automatic water level recorder. All activities of monitoring and assessment involved local communities in 5 villages on the banks of Mendalam River.
Zainal AM, the Head Village of Nanga Sambus, said that people in Mendalam sub-watershed area have hope that the PES program can be successfully realised, which will motivate them to continue to maintaining the river quality, particularly Mendalam River, and can improve revenue of communities who lives near the river. "Let's protect together. If the people who live in the upper stream protect the area, this will yield good impact to people downstream. They will appreciate the restoration effort done by upper stream people," he added.
"We welcome the cooperation of the parties in integrating the whole comprehensive aspects involving economic, environmental and social development in the development of the sub-watershed. Hopefully this can be an example for other regions, "said Drs. Suparman, Head of Kapuas Hulu Local Planning Agency.
"With the decrease in water turbidity and sediment concentration, it has indicated that there is a positive impact of the activities carried out by EPWS Program in Mendalam River. To enhance the broader impacts, we recommend this work to be extended in two other rivers, the Sibau River and Kapuas River," said Hermayani.
---- end ----
For more information, please contact:
Iwan Ridwansyah, MSc.
PDAM Tirta Dharma Kapuas Hulu
Slamet Sugianto, Amd
Notes for Editors:
Forest ecosystems provide a wide range of environmental services benefiting public. Services include the services of water, carbon, biodiversity and landscape beauty. Report of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005) stated 60% of the world's ecosystem services have been degraded more rapidly than the ability to fix it.
Particularly in Indonesia, with 62 watersheds covering an area of 18.5 million hectares, now are in critical condition. Conditions that cause a decrease in reserves of water resources, fluctuations in water discharge, as well as increasing the rate of sedimentation and erosion. The impact of these conditions will increase the cost of drinking water treatment and worsen the quality of water services and such a disadvantage for river transportation users.
About EPWS Program
In 2006, a partnership was established between the three international agencies to explore the business aspects of PWS (Payment for Watershed Services). The project is called "Equitable Payments for Watershed Services". Activities implemented through two phases.
Phase I: Building the Business Case (2006 - 2009)
Phase I goal is to prepare and build a real business case for buyers and sellers of PWS that are suitable for targeted project sites. This approach is essential to convince potential buyers and sellers that PWS mechanism that will be implemented is based on ecological and economical condition. At the end of Phase I, it is considered a successful business between buyers and sellers if agreement of cooperation in each location is signed. Activities in Phase I include baseline studies on: hydrology, institutions, livelihood and the business case (cost-benefit).
Phase II: Implementing Equitable Payments for Watershed Services (2010 - present)
Implementation phase will deal with relevant partners at the local, national and international, private sector, and government agencies. Expected result in Phase II is successful implementations of PWS mechanism in all targeted project locations, sustainable nature resource management, and improvement of community livelihoods. Activities in Phase II include restoration, Tembawang local tree enhancement and hydrology.
WWF is an independent global conservation organization, established in 1961 in Switzerland, with almost 5 million supporters and networks in more than 100 countries. WWF has been present in Indonesia since 1962 for one-horned rhinoceros project in Ujung Kulon, became a foundation in 1998 and present in more than 25 working areas in 17 provinces.
WWF-Indonesia's mission is to save biodiversity and reduce the ecology impacts from human activities through: promoting strong conservation ethics, knowledge and conservation efforts in Indonesian people; facilitating multi-stakeholders efforts in biodiversity protection and ecological process at the eco-regional scale; policy advocacy, law enforcement to support conservation; and encouraging conservation for human welfare through sustainable utilization of natural resources.
For further information, visit _URL_ or _URL_
Heart of Borneo (HoB)
The Heart of Borneo covers more than 22 million hectares (220,000 km2) of equatorial rainforest across the countries of Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia and Malaysia. One of Asia's last great rainforests, it includes some of the most biologically diverse habitats on earth, and is one of only two places on earth where elephants, orangutans, rhinoceros and clouded leopards share the same territory. In the past 15 years, more than 500 new flora or fauna species have been discovered, at a rate of more than three per month.
Borneo's cultural diversity is as distinct and varied as the island's animal and plant life. In Kalimantan (Indonesia) alone, 142 different languages are believed still to be in use today. Many people depend directly on the forest for edible and medicinal plants; fish; meat; construction materials and water. As the headwaters of the island's major rivers lie in Borneo's central highlands, protection is critical to ensuring reliable clean water supplies to a large number of human settlements, and the thriving industries that have developed in coastal urban centres.
Heart of Borneo Declaration
In February 2007, the governments of Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia and Malaysia signed the Heart of Borneo Declaration to protect an area of more than 220,000 square kilometres in the centre of the island and bordering all three countries. Together they emphasised the fact that these tropical rainforests have strategic, global, national and local functions, not only for citizens of these three countries but for the global human race. The declaration is supported under important regional and international agreements such as Association of East Asian Nations (ASEAN), Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines East Asia Growth


Murilo Miranda
In-Memory OLTP – Three key points to entertain your watchdog – Checkpoint Files
February 5, 2015 by
In sequence of the first article about the server memory importance, we will check another In-Memory OLTP key point: The Checkpoint files. Check what wrong can happen, and how to avoid this!
In continuation to the previous article about the three key points to monitor on In-Memory OLTP, where we talked about the server memory and its (obvious) importance, we will check now the second key point of In-Memory OLTP: The Checkpoint Files!
If you start reading this series of three articles from this article, I recommend you to check the previous one and the last one (when available). All the explored three key points are summarily important to the In-Memory OLTP health, and also for all the other instance components.
Case #2: Checkpoint Files
One of the new concepts that In-Memory OLTP brought to SQL Server, were the checkpoint files. In order to support those kind of files, we have a new Filegroup flavor, specific for memory optimized data.
This "new flavor" is based on FILESTREAM and it's basically a container of checkpoint files.
But what are checkpoint files?
The mission of the checkpoint files is store all the needed information to recreate the rows of data on memory-optimized tables. This way, in case of a crash or a voluntary server restart, SQL Server will be able to keep the data.
When you create a memory-optimized table, you have two choices: persistent tables and non-persistent tables. The checkpoint files are only applicable for the persisted ones.
We talk about checkpoint files, but in the reality the checkpoint files are a pair of two distinct files:
 - Data file
 - Delta file
Those files are paired by the same timestamp, recording the activity of a defined range of time.
The data file stores all the inserted rows. An UPDATE command is also writing to the data files, as an update is nothing more than a DELETE (hiding the row from the "table scope" followed by an INSERT.
The delta file has always data file as its pair and stores de ID of deleted rows. This way, "summing up" the data and delta file we will be able to achieve the latest table state.
As you can imagine, after some a memory-optimized table will be target of various INSERTS, UPDATES and DELETES, making the checkpoint files grow, and grow…As the data file is just writing the inserted data and not removing what was deleted, its size will only grow! The same happen with the delta file. All the deleted rows, generated by DELETES and UPDATES, are being tracked and the tendency is just grow, and grow…
Merge Process
At certain point, a data file will have most of its data invalidated by the delta file. In order to avoid an enormous number of checkpoint files in the disk as well as waste of space storing invalid data, SQL Server has process called "Merge".
What the Merge Process does? Basically it will select two contiguous (based on timestamp sequence) checkpoint files, remove all the invalid information from the data file, based on its paired delta file, and then it merges de valid data, generating a brand new checkpoint file, which will reflect the same time range covered by the original ones. The bellow image is showing a visual example of what is done.
What is the big problem here? The disk! Yes, even using memory optimized tables we are still hostage of the disk, when we are talking about persisted tables. There are two possible situations here that we need to keep the heads up:
 - Disk performance.
 - Free space.
Both are much known from any SQL Server DBA, and usually we are caring about that…But what really happens when there is no space for the checkpoint files growth?
I tested this, and was surprised with the final result. So, what I did was:
 1. Created a database with memory-optimized tables.
 2. Created a huge file in the same disk as the container of checkpoint files is set, using the following command:
 fsutil file createnew E:\Data\DummyFile.txt _PHONE_
 3. Started loading data into the memory-optimized table.
As a result of this test, I was expecting for some behavior comparable to the "full transaction log in a full disk", that we sometimes see around there… But not!
As expected, the transactions started to fail, and for my surprise, the entire database was in "recovery" state. The way I found to make it work again, was free up some disk space (I just deleted the dummy file) and took the database "offline" and right after to "online" state. This way everything started to work again.
The main point here is that even if you have a database mixing memory-optimized tables with traditional tables, no matter if you have space for you MDF, NDF and LDF files, the database is going to stop! So it's a very critical situation where we need to take care and never relax. Remember that with a low percentage of free disk space you risk that an "out-of-normal" insert, loading more data than usual, can cause your database to be unresponsive, of course, reflecting in the application unavailability and all the "snow ball" kind flow that comes on those situations.
In order to monitor this situation, I created a PowerShell script, which is going to watch the free space in the disk, as follows:
This job returns an error message if the minimum free space threshold is not being achieved.
The presented solution, is following the idea of the ones presented in the previous article. You can create a job, with the provided code, and add an operator, who is going to be alerted in case of a job failure. I suggest to run this job on every five minutes.
As said before, the disk monitoring is something that we are used to do. However, more than try to show how to monitor the free disk space, I wanted to show the effects of not have enough free space in the disk hosting the memory-optimized table's container.
I hope it was useful! See you in the next article, talking about the remaining key point: the BUCKET NUMBER.
Murilo Miranda
In-Memory OLTP
About Murilo Miranda
Murilo Miranda is a Luso-Brazilian blogger and speaker. SQL Server MVP, living in the UK. Nowadays he's Database Consultant at Pythian, company based in Ottawa - Canada. With experience working in Portugal, Holland, Germany and United Kingdom, he's always available to learn and share his knowledge, in order to contribute to SQL Server community, View all posts by Murilo Miranda


Sequences of the genes and polypeptide precursors for two bovine protease inhibitors.
Publication Type:
Journal Article
J Mol Biol, 1987, 194 (1), pp. 11 - 22
Issue Date:
Filename Description Size
Thumbnail2009002879OK.pdf2.8 MB
Adobe PDF
Full metadata record
The genes for bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor and a homologous protease inhibitor have been characterized using messenger RNA, clones of complementary DNA copies and genomic fragments. Both genes consist of three exons and two introns and are virtually identical in sequence, suggesting that recently they either arose by gene duplication or were subject to gene conversion. However, they differ markedly in their promoter regions and in a segment within the first intron. Perhaps as a consequence, the two genes can be expressed using different transcription start sites, and the two proteins are found in different bovine tissues. Each middle exon encodes primarily the mature protein, while the other two exons define aminoand carboxyl-terminal extensions of 33 or 35 and 7 amino acid residues, respectively. The amino-terminal extensions contain a signal peptide-like sequence, suggesting that the proteins are destined for cellular compartments. The remaining extensions at both ends may be involved in targetting of the proteins, and there are some similarities to other proteins destined for cellular compartments.
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:


Increasing Your Share Voice
One of the ways brands measure their social media presence and gauge their visibility online is Share of Voice. It's one of the most important metrics in social media marketing. It helps businesses understand how well they are performing in comparison with their competitors. If you want to know how you can use Share of Voice so that you never miss out on any important insights, we'll be sharing with you the social metrics you should be focusing on, ways to measure them and tell you how your business can use it effectively.
Measuring Share of Voice
If you do a quick search on Google on how brands can measure their Share of Voice, you will see a lot of articles telling you how to do it. Some will recommend tracking the brand mentions manually on all social media channels while some will even give you a formula on how you can calculate to measure the effectiveness of your campaigns. In reality, neither of these options are the best way to do it.
When it comes to measuring your social media metrics online, it should be something that you and your dedicated team can sustain for a long time. For instance, you can invest in social media management tools that can track mentions of your brand across multiple platforms. Doing that will be far more efficient in the long run. Not only it will help you see all your brand mentions in one place, but you can also compare your data with the data of your other competitors.
Using Share of Voice
Share of Voice, or SOV for short, can show how large or small the impact you're making in the social media scene. Here's how you make use of this metric:
 - You can evaluate brand awareness and brand recognition.
 - You can calculate Share of Voice for competitive research.
 - You can measure how effective your campaigns are and will be.
Growing Your Share of Voice
The goal of every social media marketer is to get brands noticed by the right people online. Having a strong social media presence is critical for increasing your Share of Voice. Here are few strategies that will help you to achieve just that:
1. Stay Active and Be Consistent
If your social media content is lackluster or inconsistent, it can sabotage the growth of your business. So, if you want to people to notice and keep talking about your brand online, you need to be active and consistent with your output. But how do you get the right people to hear you and how often should you post on social media channels to stay relevant?
We know that it's hard to find the right posting frequency because not all social media platforms are the same. To strike a balance, you must learn about your audience demographics (of your chosen platform, of course) to avoid getting blocked and unfollowed.
Let's say you plan to post Facebook once a week. It's likely that those updates will not get as much engagement or worse, will get overlooked by your followers. This happens if a social media marketer planning the scheduled posts does not have any idea about their audience and online behavior. There are millions of active users sharing and uploading content to Facebook. If you allow something like that to happen, your post will just drown in the sea of information. Make sure to do your research to maximize your social media efforts.
To give you some direction, here's an example of a good social sharing frequency:
Sharing Frequency
Source: WebGen
2. Produce Shareable Content
It's a challenge for many to continuously produce interesting, meaningful content for their audience. Social media marketers have to know the ideas that will work for their target market and what will not. They also have to ensure that the content they put out on their channels out is something that their audience would want to consume and share to other people.
To determine whether a content is good and share-worthy, here are five questions to ask before hitting that publish button according to Altitude Marketing:
 - Who is your content intended for? It's imperative to learn what your prospects are looking for so you can offer them solutions and tailor the content to their needs.
 - Does it offer a solution? Addressing the issues your prospects have not yet encountered will keep you ahead of the game. You need to provide your prospects solutions to possible problems they might have with your product or service.
 - Is it timely? Keeping your content timely and relevant will make people look to you as a trusted source. This puts your brand in a good position to become a leader in your industry. That's exactly how you increase your Share of Voice on social media.
 - Is it engaging? For a content to be engaging, it needs to be thought-provoking, human and relatable. No one wants to read a piece of article that looks like it was produced by an automated software.
 - Is it customer-focused? Content published should not only benefit you but also your customers. You can try producing an infographic, article or even a video that would help educate your audience online.
3. Delight Your Customers
When you deliver excellent customer service through social media, not only do you convert your clients to loyal customers, but you also make them happy enough to create satisfaction-driven content. They are usually in the form of online ratings and product reviews. It's essentially free marketing for your business. This is because smart buyers nowadays look up customer reviews online to hear what other people have to say before buying that product. In fact, 77% of them spend their time online doing just that.
You can also delight your customers by engaging with them in helpful ways. Tune in to their conversations on social media channels. A social media monitoring tool will allow you to check and track all brand mention across networks. From there, you will be able to see discussions and exchanges among your fans and followers, know what they say about your brand and make improvements if necessary.
How does this relate to Share of Voice?
It translates to positive conversations for your brand. When people are happy with your service, there's a good chance they'll be sharing their experience on their social media channels improving your likability as a brand and have a better Share of Voice online.
4. Respond to Feedback
Make sure that you let your customers know that you are listening to them by responding to their feedback. You can simply do this by acknowledging their concerns or praises online. Thank your fans for their kind words when they recommend you. Lend an ear when they voice out their negative opinions or criticisms about your brand. It's as simple as that.
If you don't know how to respond to negative feedback on your social media pages, you can learn from social media marketer Mandi Gould on how to react and deal with them properly.
How to Respond to Negative Reviews Example
Source: LinkedIn
You can keep track of all the conversations about your brand by building complex monitors using a social media management platform. This tracks the hashtags and phrases for your brand globally or your network specifically. You can do so many things, especially with the configuration options because it gives the users complete control of how searches will be conducted.
5. Build an Online Community
Last but not the least, focus on having your own community online. When strengthening your Share of Voice, it's important to join in existing conversations. However, if you really want to be regarded as a leader in your industry, you have to take the lead. and start the conversations. Find topics that are relevant to your audience. Find new updates and spark a discussion among your fans and followers. Look for something that will surely pique their interests otherwise they won't be compelled enough to join in the talk.
How to Build an Online Community
Source: IntNetworkPlus
If you want to know more how you can build your own online community, here are tips from experts you can follow to strengthen your Share of Voice.


Apep (Apophis)
The Trail of the Serpent
What is Draconian Magic?
(Excerpts from Apophis, by Michael Kelly)
Draconian magic is, by definition, magic fuelled by the symbolism and energies of dragons. Although today dragons tend to be relegated to fantasy novels (usually trilogies, of course) or fantasy cinema, their mythological roots are deep and dark.
But many of the dragons of popular fantasy are far removed from the Draconian spirit, becoming just another monster in a fictional menagerie. The journey of rediscovering the true essence of the dragon is an uncomfortable and terrifying experience for most contemporary people, cruelly displaying aspects of their own selves that they would rather not acknowledge. But self-knowledge and self-integration are the only true keys to magical wisdom and magical power.
Draconian lore and practice are rarely found in any of the published books on magic. One reason that so little of the Draconian current appears in modern magical books is that it is unashamedly and irrevocably Left-Hand Path in its aims and methodologies. That is to say it is a school which teaches the immortalisation and deification of the individual psyche, as opposed to the Right-Hand Path which seeks to submerge that psyche within a sense of universal oneness.
Dragons in western lore are creatures of terror and death. These fearful archetypes resonate with those from other cultural roots, such as Tiamat, the Serpent of Eden and especially the Egyptian Apep, the primal serpent of Chaos. Apep — or Apophis in Greek — is the Serpent of bewitchment and illusion, who sought to devour the sun. The Serpent is also the ancient Dragon.
Apep (Apophis)
(From New World Encyclopedia)
In Egyptian mythology, Apep (also spelled Apepi, and Aapep, or Apophis in Greek) was a serpent demon who represented the forces of chaos, death, and disorder. As such, he was the mortal enemy (and polar opposite) of order, personified as the goddess Ma'at, and light, as incarnated in the form of Ra. This adversarial construal of the demon is evidenced in various surviving texts from the Middle Kingdom period onwards (ca. 2000-1650 B.C.E.), including the Book of the Dead and the Book of Gates—both of which are concerned with the geography and mythology of the underworld.
Although Apep was depicted in a serpentine form, this should not be extrapolated as signifying a general demonization of snakes within Egyptian culture. As counter-examples, one should note that the creator god Atum was occasionally represented as a serpent in religious iconography, and that many apotropaic talismans were fashioned in the form of reptiles.
Apep in an Egyptian Context
As an Egyptian deity, Apep belonged to a religious, mythological and cosmological belief system that developed in the Nile river basin from earliest prehistory to around 525 B.C.E. Indeed, it was during this relatively late period in Egyptian cultural development, a time when they first felt their beliefs threatened by foreigners, that many of their myths, legends and religious beliefs were first recorded. The cults were generally fairly localized phenomena, with different deities having the place of honor in different communities. Yet, the Egyptian gods (unlike those in many other pantheons) were relatively ill-defined. As Frankfort notes, "If we compare two of [the Egyptian gods] … we find, not two personages, but two sets of functions and emblems. … The hymns and prayers addressed to these gods differ only in the epithets and attributes used. There is no hint that the hymns were addressed to individuals differing in character." One reason for this was the undeniable fact that the Egyptian gods were seen as utterly immanent—they represented (and were continuous with) particular, discrete elements of the natural world. Thus, those Egyptian gods who did develop characters and mythologies were generally quite portable, as they could retain their discrete forms without interfering with the various cults already in practice elsewhere. Furthermore, this flexibility was what permitted the development of multipartite cults (i.e. the cult of Amun-Re, which unified the domains of Amun and Re), as the spheres of influence of these various deities were often complimentary.
The Development of Apep
From earliest Egyptian prehistory, snakes (and other reptiles) were regarded with a mixture of awe, fear and respect. Their alien appearance, coupled with the dangers inherent in their venom-laced attacks and their ability to "return to life" following a period of hibernation, guaranteed reverence from the Egyptians (likely due to their naturalistic cosmology and theology (described above)). As a result of these generalized (and historically ancient) attitudes towards serpents, it is understandable that they would suggested themselves to the mythic imagination as suitable aggressors against the forces of order and light: "Apep, the serpent-devil of mist, darkness, storm, and night, … and his fiends, the 'children of rebellion,' were not the result of the imagination of the Egyptians in historic times, but their existence dates from the period when Egypt was overrun by mighty beasts, huge serpents, and noxious reptiles of all kinds."
More specifically, Apep (when characterized as a single, discrete antagonist to the gods) emerged during the twenty-first century B.C.E., as the Egyptian pantheon was coalescing into a henotheism ruled by a sun god. This deity, alternately identified as Ra, Atum-Ra, Amun-Ra, or Ra-Horekhty, was seen as the creator of the universe and the upholder of Ma'at (order). As a result, the demonic serpent, already associated with darkness and disorder, came to be seen as the greatest enemy of Ra. Given the cyclical understanding of time that dominated the Egyptian worldview (as described above), the contention between the solar deity and the serpent of darkness was understood to be enacted every day, from the disappearance of the sun at dusk to its triumphant return at dawn. This notion led to the development of an involved mythology of conflict between these forces, as will be explored below.
In a later creation account, the problem of theodicy is explicitly addressed by claiming that Apep (and the forces of chaos and confusion that he represents) are an inherent part of the created order. Specifically, he was thought to have sprung into existence from the spittle of Neith (the personification of the primordial waters), which meant that Apep was a part of the creation from the very beginning. As Zivie-Coche notes, "in this particular vision of the world, which I think has no parallel, evil was created in its symbolic form of Apopis. The faults worked in the cosmos by the presence of evil were not contrary to the creative will of the creator god, and this point of view was a way of mythically ratifying the reality of this world and its deficiencies."
Though Apep was generally understood to be the ultimate force of evil in the Egyptian theology, other deities occasionally came to occupy a similarly reviled place. One of the most notable was Set, former patron of the deserts and guardian of the Lower Kingdom, who was adopted as a chief deity by the Hyksos after their conquest of Egypt (ca. 1650 B.C.E.). Since these foreign overlords were hated by nationalistic groups, Set was gradually demonized, to the extent that he came to be characterized as an evil god. As a result, he eventually took on many of the characteristics of Apep. Despite this development, Set never entirely displaced Apep, likely because he was still identified as one of the most potent defenders of the Sun God on his nightly voyage.
Battles with Ra
An Egyptian deity (likely Ra in the guise of the "Great Tom Cat") slays the snake-like Apep.
The tales of the sun's nightly battles against the forces of darkness (represented by Apep) were extensively elaborated upon during the New Kingdom period (_PHONE_ B.C.E.). In this cosmological understanding, the serpent demon was thought to reside below the horizon, in the heart of the duat (underworld). In some versions, Apep waited for Ra (ensconced in the solar barque) in a western mountain called Bakhu, where the sun set, and in others Apep lurked just before dawn, in the Tenth region of the Night. The wide range of possible locations for this dreadful battle earned Apep the title World Encircler.
In these battles, Apep attempted to transfix the assembled gods using his hypnotic gaze, after which point he sought to devour them (whilst simultaneously choking the river on which they traveled). In his efforts, Apep was thought to be aided by a coterie of lesser demons, all of whom had to be slain or driven away by the defenders of the god. Fortunately for Ra, he also had the assistance of various powerful deities, including Set (a being renowned for his might), Mehen (a serpent god), Serket (a scorpion goddess), Maahes (a lion god), Bast (a cat goddess), and Shu (the primordial personification of air). These myths are best explored through the surviving textual corpus, accounts from which are quoted at length below.
The earliest part of the night, when the sun has first disappeared beyond the horizon, is described in the Book of Gates:


Provided by: slapd_2.4.25-1.1ubuntu4_i386 bug
 slapd.overlays - overlays for slapd, the stand-alone LDAP daemon
 The slapd(8) daemon can use a variety of different overlays to alter or
 extend the normal behavior of a database backend. Overlays may be
 compiled statically into slapd, or when module support is enabled, they
 may be dynamically loaded. Most of the overlays are only allowed to be
 configured on individual databases, but some may also be configured
 Configuration options for each overlay are documented separately in the
 corresponding slapo-(5) manual pages.
 Access Logging. This overlay can record accesses to a given
 backend database on another database.
 Audit Logging. This overlay records changes on a given backend
 database to an LDIF log file. By default it is not built.
 chain Chaining. This overlay allows automatic referral chasing when a
 referral would have been returned, either when configured by the
 server or when requested by the client.
 Constraint. This overlay enforces a regular expression
 constraint on all values of specified attributes. It is used to
 enforce a more rigorous syntax when the underlying attribute
 syntax is too general.
 dds Dynamic Directory Services. This overlay supports dynamic
 objects, which have a limited life after which they expire and
 are automatically deleted.
 Dynamic Group. This is a demo overlay which extends the Compare
 operation to detect members of a dynamic group. It has no
 effect on any other operations.
 Dynamic List. This overlay allows expansion of dynamic groups
 and more.
 pcache Proxycache. This overlay allows caching of LDAP search requests
 in a local database. It is most often used with the
 slapd-ldap(5) or slapd-meta(5) backends.
 Password Policy. This overlay provides a variety of password
 control mechanisms, e.g. password aging, password reuse and
 duplication control, mandatory password resets, etc.
 refint Referential Integrity. This overlay can be used with a backend
 database such as slapd-bdb(5) to maintain the cohesiveness of a
 schema which utilizes reference attributes.
 Return Code. This overlay is useful to test the behavior of
 clients when server-generated erroneous and/or unusual responses
 rwm Rewrite/remap. This overlay is experimental. It performs basic
 DN/data rewrite and objectClass/attributeType mapping.
 Syncrepl Provider. This overlay implements the provider-side
 support for syncrepl replication, including persistent search
 Translucent Proxy. This overlay can be used with a backend
 Content of entries retrieved from a remote LDAP server can be
 partially overridden by the database.
 unique Attribute Uniqueness. This overlay can be used with a backend
 database such as slapd-bdb(5) to enforce the uniqueness of some
 or all attributes within a subtree.
 Value Sorting. This overlay can be used to enforce a specific
 order for the values of an attribute when it is returned in a
 default slapd configuration file
 default slapd configuration directory
 ldap(3), slapo-accesslog(5), slapo-auditlog(5), slapo-chain(5),
 slapo-constraint(5), slapo-dds(5), slapo-dyngroup(5), slapo-dynlist(5),
 slapo-pcache(5), slapo-ppolicy(5), slapo-refint(5), slapo-retcode(5),
 slapo-rwm(5), slapo-syncprov(5), slapo-translucent(5), slapo-unique(5).
 slapo-valsort(5). slapd-config(5), slapd.conf(5), slapd.backends(5),
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 OpenLDAP Software is developed and maintained by The OpenLDAP Project
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 University of Michigan LDAP 3.3 Release.


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This week's theme: words about words.
lipogram (LIP-uh-gram) noun
A piece of writing that avoids one or more letters of the alphabet.
[From Greek lipo- (lacking) + gram (something written).]
Today's word in Visual Thesaurus.
In spite of what it sounds like, a lipogram is not a message with a kiss. Lipogram is a work written with a constraint.
Imagine you've just started your great epic novel and one of the keys on your keyboard is broken. It would be trivial to manage without a Q, X, or Z, but writing without a single E -- ah, that'd be some challenge. If it sounds undoable, consider that whole books have been written without an E, the most used letter in the English language. Without an E, one has to give up some of the most common pronouns such as he, she, we, me, and so on. What's more, even the article "the" is barred.
Coming back to books written without Es (I'm sure writing them is not something everyone can do with ease), Ernest Vincent Wright's 1939 novel Gadsby is written without the second vowel. One of the best known E-less works is Georges Perec's lipogrammatic French novel, La Disparition (The Disappearance). Its plot is full of wordplay, puzzles, and other word-fun. For example, a character is missing eggs, or is unable to remember his name because it needs E in the spelling.
Though it may be hard to believe considering the restriction under which it is written, the novel is said to be quite engrossing. Apparently, many reviewers were not even aware that a special constraint was used in writing it. After writing the novel, Perec faced a protest from the A, I, O, and U keys on his keyboard that they had to do all the work and E was leading an e'sy life. So Perec had no choice but to write a short work called Les Revenentes, where he put to work all those idle Es: the only vowel used was E.
If that doesn't sound incredible enough, here is more. La Disparition has been translated into English as "A Void" by Gilbert Adair. Of course, the translation also doesn't have any E in it. In case you have not already noticed, both the phrases "La Disparition" and "A Void" have only vowels A, I, and O in them, same as in the word "lipogram". And Void's protagonist is named Anton Vowl.
One can write numbers from zero, one, two,... onwards, and not use the A key on the keyboard until reaching thousand. As for the literary merit of that composition, I'm not very certain.
(also see univocalic)
-Anu Garg (garg AT wordsmith.org)
"Go on, r*ad my lipogram!"
Literature is the art of writing something that will be read twice; journalism what will be grasped at once. -Cyril Connolly, critic and editor (_PHONE_)
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Follow the Drinking Gourd by Jeanette Winter
From the bookflap: "Winter's story begins with a peg-leg sailor who aids slaves on their escape on the Underground Railroad. While working for plantation owners, Peg Leg Joe teaches the slaves a song about the drinking gourd (the Big Dipper). A couple, their son, and two others make their escape by following the song's directions. Rich paintings interpret the strong story in a clean, primitive style enhanced by bold colors. The rhythmic compositions have an energetic presence that's compelling. A fine rendering of history in picturebook format."
Author: Jeanette Winter
The author is also the illustrator.
Topics from the book:
Visit each topic page for downloads, lessons, etc. specific to that topic.
Quilt to Freedom
Students will gain understanding of a portion of African-American history. They will explore the concepts of slavery, respect, and giving time or talent to improve the lives of others. Grades K,1,2
Follow the Drinking Gourd Classroom Guide
Created as an on-site for the Northern Stars Planetarium (Grades 1-3)
Underground Railroad--People Get Ready...There's a Train a Comin'
Students will recognize that philanthropy is a vital part of the African American History through the roles individuals played in the Underground Railroad. Grades 3,4,5
Discovering the Underground Railroad
Junior Ranger Activity Book from the National Parks Service
Why are we featuring this book?
Follow the Drinking Gourd is a book featured in Five in a Row, a literature-based unit study curriculum. Many families use FIAR for all but the grammar/reading and math, and others use it in conjunction with other resources. Above is information about the author and illustrator, story summaries, and links to lesson plans and websites that are great go-alongs for Follow the Drinking Gourd. Please note that these resources are meant to complement, not replace, the Five in a Row units. The Five in a Row volumes are inexpensive and well worth the investment.


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In the special relativistic action for a massive point particle,
$$\int_{t_i}^{t_f}\mathcal {L}dt,$$
why is the Lagrangian
$$\mathcal {L}=-E_o\gamma^{-1}$$
a negative number?
share|improve this question
I'm just guessing this is the relativistic action for a free point particle, but some clarification of your question would help... – Michael Brown Jan 25 '13 at 9:59
Having you noticed that adding a constant the $\mathcal{L}$ doesn't affect the resulting optimal path? – dmckee Jan 25 '13 at 11:09
Because by convention, we want the action to be minimized in normal cases, not maximized. It's a convention: we could redefine $S\to -S$ which would then be maximized. For a massive pointlike particle, the proper time along the straight path is actually maximized, recall the twin paradox (the traveling twin ages less than the stationary one because of time dilation!), so one has to take $S$ to be a negative multiple of the proper time for the action to be minimized along the classical path. – Luboš Motl Jan 25 '13 at 11:25
Luboš agrees with me! :-) – John Rennie Jan 25 '13 at 11:40
I have even upvoted you, _USER_, after I noticed that you wrote the same thing and before me! ;-) – Luboš Motl Jan 25 '13 at 12:22
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2 Answers
The argument I have seen is that the action is the length of the geodesic i.e.
$$ \text{path length} = \int ds $$
but we know that the trajectory of a free relativistic particle is the one that maximises the path length. So by writing:
$$ S = -m\int ds $$
we get an action that is minimised for the correct path (the $m$ is there to make the dimensions correct).
share|improve this answer
And how about non relativistic $L=mv^2/2$? – Vladimir Kalitvianski Jan 25 '13 at 10:37
Generally what matters is that the action is stationary $\delta S=0$, as is most easily seen from the path integral. Whether the classical path corresponds to a maximum, minimum or saddle point of the action is practically immaterial. – Michael Brown Jan 25 '13 at 11:21
add comment
At the classical level (meaning $\hbar=0$), to derive the Euler-Lagrange equations (i.e. the special relativistic version of Newton's 2nd law) from the action $S$, an overall (possibly negative) multiplicative factor is irrelevant. In this case, the normalization is chosen so that the Lagrangian
$$ L~=~-\frac{E_0}{\gamma} ~\approx~ \frac{1}{2}m v^2 -E_0 \qquad\text{for}\qquad v\ll c$$
recovers the well-known expression for the kinetic energy (up to an additive constant) in the non-relativistic limit $v\ll c$. So a bit oversimplified, the negative sign is caused by the huge rest energy $E_0$. Note that additive constants in the Lagrangian do not affect the equations of motion.
share|improve this answer
Right, with choosing $L=E_o(1-\gamma^{-1})$ we obtain the same equations. – Vladimir Kalitvianski Jan 25 '13 at 10:54
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القاعدة ذات الصلة
Ethiopia's Criminal Code (2004) states:
Article 270.- War Crimes against the Civilian Population.
Whoever, in time of … occupation organizes, orders or engages in, against the civilian population and in violation of the rules of public international law and of international humanitarian conventions:
(h) the confiscation of estates, the destruction or appropriation of property, the imposition of unlawful or arbitrary taxes or levies, or of taxes or levies disproportionate to the requirements of strict military necessity;
Ethiopia, Criminal Code, 2004, Article 270(h).


Hartlepoolseaport and unitary authority, geographic and historic county of Durham, northeastern England, on the North Sea.
The old town, occupying a limestone peninsula that sheltered a fishing harbour on the North Sea coast, enjoyed the patronage of the medieval prince-bishops of Durham, who granted its charter of 1201. Modern development dates from the coming of the railway in 1835, when Hartlepool became a port for the Durham coalfield, exporting coal and importing pit props. In 1847 the West Hartlepool dock was added, and a new town was laid out alongside. It grew rapidly with iron and steel, shipbuilding, and marine engineering industries.
As those industries have declined, Hartlepool has come to depend increasingly upon its association with Teesside. The port is now concerned mainly with servicing North Sea petroleum fields, and the town has a chemical industry. A nuclear power station stands at Seaton Carew in the southeast, and light industries have been established northwest of the town. Area 36 sq mi (94 sq km). Pop. (_PHONE_ est.) 9190,900000.


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4). For both δ andρ, a comparison with 0 is necessary. However, an efficient alternative is to initialize a vector of sizenwith all zeros except the least significant byte (LSB) for δ and the most significant byte (MSB) forρ. Hence, the counting down of ρ is performed by shifting 1 bit to right and only the LSB is checked for the loop termination. On the other hand, a flag is needed to control the shift direction ofδ, where the flag and the value of the LSB are used to determine whether it is less than zero or not. The implementation of the algorithm follows the implementation proposed. The modular divider architecture is shown in Fig. 6. Three RSD adders are used along with three 3×1 multiplexers and one 4×1 multiplexer with some control logic.Advantages:
- Short Data path
- Low Power and Low Area


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The more business that is being doing via Internet, the more it's being done internationally. Being able to conduct business via email, text, and social networks means people are reaching out to people in other countries that might be speaking a different language.
While we used to use books and translators to help translate, these are no longer necessary, as mobile devices can serve as great translators whether doing business or traveling. The following is a selection of free iOS apps that will help you translate many different languages. Not all apps that were demoed worked; those have been omitted from this list.
1. Google Translate
If you're on your computer and in need of a quick translation, most likely you're looking it up on Google. Why not do the same with an app? Google Translate is as simple as it gets. Simply choose the language you are starting and ending with, and insert the word, phrase, or section of text that needs translating. The app allows you to save some of your favorite translations, which will come in handy if you're traveling. The translated phrases can also be spoken aloud by the app
The iTranslate app gives you just a little more, and if you also want even more and no ads, you can pay in app. $2.99 will get rid of all the ads, and $0.99 will allow you for voice recognition so that you can speak the words you want translated. Like Google Translate, it also allows you to save a list of favorite words and phrases. In addition it has a history of the words and phrases you have translated and allows you to easily email the resulting translations.
3. myLanguage Free Translator
Like iTranslate, the myLanguage Free Translator app has both a free version and paid version. For $4.99, you will gain the option of text-to-speech. Like the other apps you can choose to translate to and from many languages. Additionally, you can share the results by email or SMS, or to Facebook, Twitter, or LinkedIn.
4. SpeakText FREE
The SpeakText FREE app can seemingly do it all. Not only can it translate sections of text that you type or paste in, it can also translate documents and websites. SpeakText FREE will also read aloud documents and websites without translating them. With the websites and documents, it breaks it down into sections of text. If you choose to just have it speak the text, it will show you the text along with a button to have it spoken. There is also an option to have the text translated at this point. Or you can just have it translated from the beginning. It will still choose sections of text, but will show the translation and allow you to have it spoken if you wish. The benefit of this is that instead of getting a large block of translated text that you don't understand at all, it shows you the original and translated text next to each other in small sections to help you better understand what is being said.
Having one of these apps pre-loaded on your iPhone or iPad means you'll never be caught in a frenzied state trying to figure out what people are saying when they're speaking a different language, when you're viewing a website that is unexpectedly in a different language, or when receiving a document that is written in a language that is unfamiliar to you.