The Strong Connection Between Smoking And Gout
In this article, we are going to talk about the possible connection between smoking and gout. Can these two really be connected with each other? Give this article a read and you will know. Worry less, because you will be learning a lot of necessary facts from this article! So sit back, relax, and enjoy the read.
Smoking and Gout: Can it really cause gout?
Even though there have not been any studies done associating smoking and gout. There are various linking wherein smoking really increase the uric acid levels in the blood, misbalancing the pH levels by making the body even more acidic.
We know that the tobacco smoke may contain thousands and thousands of dangerous and deadly chemicals, which may cause various circulatory problems. This is by way of constricting the peripheral blood vessels. For each of the cigarette that you smoke, the arteries tend to constrict for around one hour with the upshot of 50% reduction in the blood flow.
Moreover, the carbon monoxide impedes with the normal distribution of oxygen. The poor blood flow and the decreased circulation of oxygen prevent the body from eliminating the uric acid efficiently. This leaves the excess in the system, establishing the crystals triggering inflammation and a possible gout attack. Furthermore, if you smoke marijuana, it will have the same impact as the cigarettes. This is since marijuana may acidify to the tissues and blood.
I am not saying that smoking may directly cause gout attacks, but this reduces the overall health though not having the bodywork. This optimally increases the risk of heart disease, gout, and diabetes.
Smoking and Gout: The connection between the two
The toxins and the chemicals of cigarettes may cause the acidity in the body in order to increase whereby the kidneys and the lungs that are the major toxin-eliminating organs in the body. Therefore, by weakening the lungs, it may hamper the ability of the body to eliminate the toxins through breathing out more effectively. Those who smoke don't engross nutrients that are at the same rate as those who do not smoke. They should eat more servings than the suggested daily allowance of either the vegetables or fruits that are high in vitamin C.
The link between smoking and gout may even go further. In fact, it may affect the cousins of the disease, the patients who suffer from rheumatoid arthritis. There is a study that states, there was a strong connection between rheumatoid arthritis and smoking. This may have occurred in men who were actually positive as a rheumatoid factor.
Furthermore, one study also suggests that the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis was twice for those who smoke. This is in comparison to those who don't smoke. The former smokers had a much lower risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis than the regular smokers. Moreover, people who never tried smoking had the lowest risk of them all.
Smoking and Smoking: Sleep Apnea
If you're smoking and suffer from sleep apnea at the same time, you're at much higher risk of developing gout attack. This is for the reason that the oxygen level in the blood reduces. This causes the cells to go through a destructive process. This may result in the body to release excess uric acid in the blood. All of those who suffer from gout must be tested for sleep apnea. This is to be able to avoid the development of a more serious condition like heart failure, heart attack, kidney diseases, and diabetes.
As a conclusion, those who suffer from gout who smoke and stopped have experiences lesser gout attacks. On the other hand, those who went back to smoking again experienced an increase in the gout symptoms as the immunity weakened. As soon as possible, stop smoking and stop gout!
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CELLMEN AFTER SHAVE CREAM/ LOTION
After Shave CreamCellmen Cellsplash
Cellmen CellSplash is the after-shave cream that has unique daily invigorating liquid texture exclusively formulated for men's skin hormones. Cellmen CellSplash is thoroughly alcohol and methanol free after-shave cream.
Energize and Soothe Male Skin with Cellsplash After Shave Cream
After daily or weekly cleaning –
Toning and rebalancing the skin's pH level after cleansing is an essential part of looking after your skin. This action:
- Completes the cleansing process.
- Rebalances the skin's hydrolipidic film.
- Optimizes the skin's absorption of Phyto and cellular extracts.
Shaving daily acts as a combative process to the skin. Cellmen CellSplash After Shave Lotion alters the already deficient hydrolipidic film and modifies its natural pH level. This after-shave cream causes dehydration, cutaneous irritation, and a lack of protection for the skin when exposed to a range of external aggressions. This problem is further intensified for men by the visibility of red spots and redness, mainly in the neck area, causing discomfort and is stunningly unattractive.
Agonizingly, many men still tent to use alcohol-based products or after shaving lotion. However, It is like putting 90º proof alcohol on a wound!
After shaving the skin needs effective skincare tailored explicitly to its masculine identity to help:
- Regenerate the hydrolipidic film after shaving.
- Immediately soothe.
- Regulate cutaneous homeostasis.
Cellmen Cellsplash After Shave Cream
Preserve cutaneous homeostasis
Maintain the balance of cutaneous functions despite external aggressions. Normal and correct skin functioning is maintained utilizing a homeostasis mechanism. Water and ion balance are two of the most critical factors for this homeostasis mechanism to work well.
- Water provides the medium for the metabolic processes to take place.
- Distribution of ions into the different skin layers determine the movements of fluids between the intracellular and the extracellular spaces, the maintenance of the membrane electrochemical potential, and the starting or inactivation of many cellular processes.
After Shave Cream for MenCellmen Cellsplash
Cellmen CellSplash resides in its double function as both a revitalizing, rebalancing cellular tonic and a calming after-shave lotion.
This after shaving cream contributes to the following factors:
- Clean, refreshed and toned skin.
- Soothed, rebalanced skin.
- A more radiant complexion.
Recommended to Men
- Exclusively reserved for men, from age 20.
- All skin types, even sensitive skin.
- For all men looking for a healthy, alcohol-free, after-shave treatment.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Is Bengal Cat the Same as a Savannah?
In recent times:
Bengal and Savannah cats have gained quite a lot of popularity for they have a lot in common and tend to share the same attributes.
So, is the Bengal cat the same as a Savannah cat? No, it's not. Both being a product of crossbreeding a wild and a domestic cat do have some similarities, but they are certainly not the same. To an untrained eye, these two species might look the same, but for someone who knows better, this is not the case.
Both of these breeds while having a lot in common tend to have many differences too.
Common similarities between the Bengal and Savannah cat
To understand the differences that they have, it is better that we begin by taking a look at some of the similarities that account for this common misconception we have around.
1. Love for water
Both these breeds have a deep fascination with water which is very obvious.
Not only would they cause you less trouble during a bath but they in fact, like playing in the water too, unlike most of the other breeds that we know of.
2. Scratching
As is a common practice amongst all the breeds, these two like to scratch things a lot too.
From sofas to carpets, you can expect to find them scratching just about anything that they can get their hands on.
Hence, the reason, why investing in a scratch post is most rewarding with them.
3. Playful nature
They both are attention seekers and are very affectionate to the ones they love.
Their playful and affectionate nature is the key reason why they make such great domestic cats.
4. Coat
Not only their habits:
But even their appearances seem to have a lot in common too.
Bengal and Savannah cats have coats that are:
 - Tabby
 - Spotted
 - Low-maintenance
5. Genes
This may be the prime reason that accounts for all the confusion that surrounds these two breeds.
Since they both are made by crossbreeding a wild and a domestic cat, one often believes them to be the same. But this isn't so.
Keeping in view the few commonalities mentioned above, would you still go as far ahead as to call them both to be the same?
We hope not.
As similar as they might seem to a layman, they both are poles apart.
What makes the Bengal and Savannah cats different?
From the ancestral lineage to the health issues they both face, there are many differences that you would come across if you bring these two breeds home.
To help your way to it, we will now be taking a quick look at some of the many variances that are found in Bengal and Savannah cats.
1. Breeding
The factor that makes them look similar is the one that makes them have distinguishing personalities and characteristics.
It is true that they both are made by breeding a domestic cat with a wile feline but the types of cats that are used are not the same.
For the Bengal, a domestic cat is made to breed with an ALC, also known as Asian Leopard Cat. A Savannah, on the other hand, is a product of a domestic Persian and an African Serval Cat (ASC).
2. Sizes
It is for the difference in their ancestral lineage, that the size of these two cats varies too.
The Savanah being a product of larger cats can reach the size of a golden retriever occasionally which is around 56inches when measured from the nose to their tail.
Since the ASC has African heritage, they are not only bigger in terms of size but can also weight a lot too. This means that you can find Savannah cats that weigh as much as 30 pounds at times.
When compared to the Savannahs, the Bengals are smaller in size.
The ALCs are smaller cats and this is why the Bengals to end up being medium sized.
A female may range between 7 and 10 pounds while for a male the number can go up to 17 pounds commonly.
The Bengal cats keep growing till they reach an age of two. During this time, they reach the size of a common domestic cat.
3. Temperaments
As discussed above, since the origins of these two breeds vary, the temperaments they both exhibits tend to differ too.
Savannah being from the wilder and more ferocious breed manifests the same behavior and have often been considered to a dog. This breed, for its similarity to canines, is good at leash training and tends to get along well with the other pets that you might have around.
Bengal cats, on the other hand, are active and equally loyal; too but require smaller mental stimuli to remain happy.
Both these breeds are active, highly talkative and very friendly in nature.
The Bengal cat can be seen jumping and playing around for hours at a stretch and would just as suddenly drop everything it was doing to come and receive the overdue affection from is the owner.
The Bengal cat craves attention more than anything and would be all too happy to snuggle and lie around in the lap.
Savannahs are a little different in this regard. While they too are known for being very loving and affectionate, they are not such great snugglers. They are good at solving puzzles and can jump as high as 12ft if given the space to explore the skills that have been passed down to them from their ancestors.
4. Appearance
These two cats might look similar to an outsider but a little closer look and you will see that even their appearances are not the same.
While they do share certain similarities, they both look very different from each other. From the size to the kind of coat they have, each one has its own unique personality.
So moving on, what are some of the many ways that make these two breeds differ from each other?
Let us find that out.
Coat: While the coat is short-haired and low-maintenance for both, the difference lies in the details. Bengal cats have marbled or spotted pattern whereas the Savannahs have a pattern that is similar to the ASC with black spots accentuated by a silver, golden or smoke background.
Body shape: Even the body shape and physique they have is very much different from each other. Bengals are medium-sized and muscular while Savannahs are tall and lean.
Ears: Savannah cats have pointed upright ears whereas the ears of Bengal cars are small and round.
Eyes: Bengal cats are known for their "Mascara" eyes. Savannah has boomerang shaped eyes that are gold, green or brown in color with a tear stain that goes from the corner down to the nose.
5. Health
These both breeds like others that we have in the feline family suffer from health issues of their own.
While most of the problems they face are relatively similar, there are some concerns that lie more with one breed than the other.
For example, Bengal cats are more prone to the retinal degeneration and PK deficiency disease than the Savannahs.
With all this said, it would be safe to say that Bengal cats are certainly not the same as Savannahs cats.
In fact, from our discussion above, these two are more different with respect to their physical attributes than the genetic similarity they share.
So, what kind of pets do they make, you may ask?
Well, it all depends on what you are looking for.
Both were exceptionally good domestic cats are great to have around and would prove to be a good addition to your family.
Depending on what size of cat you are looking for, what attributes and temperaments you would want in it and how much space you have at home, the choice may vary.
Related Questions
How much space do these two breeds need? Owing to their size and temperaments, Savannah cats need more space than Bengal.
This is also essential for the reason that they are more prone to getting into trouble than the other breed in the discussion here.
Are the males of Bengal and Savannahs sterile too? Partly, Yes.
The males that are a part of the earlier generations of these two breeds are sterile as is seen with all the hybrid animals.
This, however, is not much of a concern in regard to their health and characteristics and shouldn't bother you much as well, until and unless you plan on breeding the felines you have at home.
How can you ensure better health of the litter being produced? By working on a healthier and better gene pool.
When using kittens for breeding, take a look at the ancestral lineage and go for the ones which do not have any direct relatives with the health concerns you are trying to avoid here.
However, this is just a safety measure you can take and in no way guarantees that the cat you have wouldn't have any health problems.
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Boys want it but girls get it
(01.07.2009)A new survey among students at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) on sexual relationships and desires shows that traditional gender differences persist in terms of number of sexual partners -- even in liberated and freewheeling Norway.
The study, which will be published on the net-based research magazine called, shows that boys pretty much always want to have sex, but that girls hold back.
"I believe these results illustrate how gender and sex are less connected to culture and roles, but are more the result of biology and evolution", Leif Edward Ottesen Kennair, associate professor at NTNU's Department of Psychology said to the Trondheim newspaper Adressavisen, and as reported in the Oslo-based Aftenposten.
Kennair has conducted an anonymous survey of nearly 1,100 individuals among heterosexual NTNU students - half of whom were women and half men.
How many partners?
The questions included attitudes towards sex as well as wishes and fantasies. Whereas females (on average) can see themselves having about five new partners during the next five years, males envisioned having 14. Female students thought they might have six to seven sexual partners throughout their lifetimes while the males predicted they would have 25.
Kennair pointed out that both females and males limited the total number of partners they would have.
"The males don't express a desire to have unlimited partners. But the difference is interesting. The males systematically will have more variation, from both a short and long term perspective. In free Norway, however, females -- anonymously -- can have as many partners as they want. But they don't express that interest", he says.
Biology in the driver's seat
Kennair says these choices reflect biology, and the fact that males can impregnate a new female every day, in theory at least, while females cannot become pregnant more than once every two years. Females have to be careful because pregnancy is so biologically costly.
"Females can have as much sex as they want. It's their desire that controls the frequency. But males have less sex than they want", he said.


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MiniVac 601 was created as an educational kit for digital circuits. The creator of MiniVac 601 is Claude Shannon and the computer was sold by Scientific Development Corporation.
The benefits of electromechanical switches was primarily data storage. Six simple switches are used for binary data input, LEDs represent output, and the large round button is used to enter decimal number change. Although the MiniVac 601 was well received by hobbyists and educational institutions, but large corporations did not accept it.
However, after the manufacturer changed the colour of the casing from red and blue to black, improved the features of the switches, and re-named the model to MiniVac 6010, the price rose up to 479 USD. After these changes, hundreds of these models were sold to various companies in the 1960's.


Dungeons and Dragons Wiki
DnDWiki:Kerell Races
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There are many different races in Kerell, including the standard races: humans, elves, dwarves, gnomes, etc.
Halfling populationEdit
The population of Halflings have fallen dramatically since the ruthless ruler Tasyn murdered five million Halflings under his rule by beheadding and hanging and burning. The Halflings mainly fled to Kandlazza now, which is why there is a huge population of about five hundred thousand Halflings in Kandlazza. The Halflings are now welcomed back on Isdantia, that being their home town. There stands a Halfling population of about one million Halflings in Kerell.
Orc populationEdit
Many orcs were genocided by the Emperor of Kandlazza about fifteen years ago. Emperor Hawkins was a ruthless emperor, unlike his son, who rules today. Hawkins ordered an army of ten-thousand mounted Imperial Cavalry to charge into the forests. Backed up by the human tribes (at war with the orc tribes) the orcs were soon wiped out. Only a few orc tribes escaped, and are still at war with the humans.
Also, orc blood has been made "impure" as many newer-generation orcs married the humans, after truces were signed in the last few months. The half-orc children are persecuted by both human and orc, and often escape to deeper in the forests, where their self-sufficient skills help them survive, hunting food and living with nature.
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Can Beets Be Transplanted Into Garden
Can I plant beet seeds indoors and then transplant them into the garden in spring?
Certified GKH Gardening Expert
Yes, they can be started indoors and then put out later as long as the soil is at least 40 degrees F. They like to be cool. This article will explain how to grow beets: _URL_


Botanical Museum
Botanical Museum
This element belongs to the categories: Museums, University of Cagliari (Official Department)
Opened in 2008, it was created with the intent to combine the visits to the Botanical Gardens with in-depht monographs. The ancient art of wax carving comes back to life through model of mushrooms, flowers, carnivorous plants, insects and pollen.
The Botanical Museum was opened in November 2008. It was created with the intent to incorporate visits to the Botanical Gardens with monographic and thematic analisys. To prepare certain sections were made botanical models in three dimensions that, thanks to the passion of Dr. Cristina Delunas, manager of the structure, reproduce in a modern and renovated way, the ancient art of wax modeling. A combination of art and science, well known in the past centuries, which had as illustrious character C. Susini and L. Inkwells, best known for the anatomical waxes and that, after E.Tortori's death(1893), fell into disuse and was almost forgotten. In this small museum the ancient art rises again: mushrooms, flowers, carnivorous plants, pollen and insects take shape, completely created by hand over the flame of an alcohol lamp. Unique pieces, made in the belonging laboratory. The museum houses scientific instruments used in the Departement during past centuries, such as microscopes, precision balances and dryers. It preserves an important collection of herbal preparations in formalin which has about 200 pieces. Historically important for the place where the Garden and then the Museum rise, is a small collection of archaeological finds from the Roman period ( first and second century. D. C. ) found in the Garden itself. A showcase is dedicated to the history of herbal medicine.
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General Survivorship January 5, 2017
Whether you're a sister survivor, a caregiver, the loved one of a survivor, an advocate, or just in search of some truly inspirational reading, welcome!
As with everything else A2ndAct.org does, our blog's purpose is to support and celebrate women survivors as they give back to the greater good in their 2nd Acts. The voices here come from all over the world. Their stories will amaze you, and, we hope, inspire you to begin your own 2nd Act.
We've asked each writer the same six questions (listed below) and given them the option of sending it back as the spirit moves them: Q and A style, or narrative format.
1. What was the darkest moment in your cancer journey?
2. If you could go back and talk to your pre-cancer self, what would you say?
3. How has cancer changed you?
4. What motivated you to pursue your 2nd Act; how did you find the inspiration to do your 2nd Act?
5. What has been your brightest moment in your 2nd Act?
6. Where do you see yourself going from here?
7.What's your favorite quote and how does it fit into your 2nd Act?
Happy INSPIRED reading!


interaction between two systems of numeration. 2nd Meeting of the AFLANG, October 1998, Tokyo. Archived from the original on 2008-10-05. Retrieved 2011-05-29.
 36. ^ Mazaudon, Martine (2002). "Les principes de construction du nombre dans les langues tibéto-birmanes". In François, Jacques. La Pluralité (PDF). Leuven: Peeters. pp. 91–119. ISBN 90-_PHONE_-2
 37. ^ Cheetham, Brian (1978). [dead link] "Counting and Number in Huli". Papua New Guinea Journal of Education 14: 16–35.
 38. ^ Bowers, Nancy; Lepi, Pundia (1975). "Kaugel Valley systems of reckoning" (PDF). Journal of the Polynesian Society 84 (3): 309–324.
 39. ^ Owens, Kay (2001), "The Work of Glendon Lean on the Counting Systems of Papua New Guinea and Oceania", Mathematics Education Research Journal 13 (1): 47–71, doi:10.1007/BF03217098
External links[edit]


text:
ABOUT THIS BOOK
Ethics in the Gutter: Empathy and Historical Fiction in Comics explores an often-overlooked genre of graphic narratives: those that fictionalize historical realities. While autographics, particularly those that place the memoirist in the context of larger cultural conversations, have been the objects of sustained study, fictional graphic narratives that—as Linda Hutcheon has put it—both "enshrine and question" history are also an important area of study. By bringing narratology and psychological theory to bear on a range of graphic narratives, Kate Polak seeks to question how the form utilizes point of view and the gutter as ethical tools that shape the reader's empathetic reactions to the content.
This book's most important questions surround how we receive and interpret representations of history, considering the ways in which what we think we know about historical atrocities can be at odds with the convoluted circumstances surrounding violence. Beginning with a new look at Watchmen, and including examinations of such popular series as Scalped and Hellblazer as well as Bayou and Deogratias, the book questions how graphic narratives create an alternative route by which to understand large-scale violence. Ethics in the Gutter explores how graphic narrative representations of violence can teach readers about the possibilities and limitations of empathy and ethics.


_TAG_, Uncategorized
from blacklistednews.com: A West Virginia state official told legislators on Wednesday that he "can guarantee" some residents are breathing in a cancer-causing substance due to the chemical spill that occurred earlier in January.
In a recent meeting with a state legislative committee on water resources, Scott Simonton of the West Virginia Environmental Quality Board said that his tests have detected formaldehyde in water samples contaminated by the recent Elk River chemical spill.
"I can guarantee that citizens in this valley are, at least in some instances, breathing formaldehyde," Simonton said, according to the Associated Press. "They're taking a hot shower. This stuff is breaking down into formaldehyde in the shower or in the water system, and they're inhaling it."
As Simonton noted, the chemical mixture that leaked into the Kanawha Valley's water supply – a combination of seven substances used to wash coal that's called "Crude MCHM" – is partly composed of methanol. When this chemical breaks down, it turns into formaldehyde, a carcinogen linked to diseases such as respiratory cancer.
_TAG_: July 30, 2021


text:
This is an excerpt from Caffeine for Sports Performance by Louise Burke,Ben Desbrow & Lawrence Spriet.
Is Caffeine Really a Diuretic?
We all know that caffeine is a diuretic. A cup of coffee makes us dash to the restroom and for every cup we drink, we need to add another glass of water to our daily eight. That can't be good for athletes who are already losing buckets of sweat during exercise, right? Or for the plane flight home after the race? After all, the airline magazine on your flight home carries a warning along the lines of "drink tea and coffee in moderation since these are diuretics and will increase your dehydration," so it must be serious. Drinking caffeinated drinks before and during exercise on a hot day is particularly risky because your performance will go down the toilet. The threat to hydration or rehydration probably rates as one of the best known facts about caffeine.
Except that it's not true. Several experts have recently tried to debunk this old wives' tale about caffeine and dehydration. We like the work of Professor Lawrence Armstrong because it takes into account issues related to exercise. Here are some of his observations from 2002 and 2005.
- A diuretic is a substance that increases the production of urine. By definition, water or any drink consumed in large volumes is a diuretic. The effect of any fluid on body hydration is judged by the balance sheet of how much the body retains of any volume that is consumed.
- Caffeine is a weak diuretic. It may influence the volume of urine production and loss by acting on some of the hormones involved in urine production, and it may also influence the loss of electrolytes in urine. However, tolerance to the diuretic effects of caffeine is acquired in as little as 4 or 5 days of regular caffeine intake. Studies in the 1920s showed that for someone who hadn't consumed caffeine in more than 60 days, a dose as little as 0.5 g/kg (e.g., 35 mg for a 70 kg person) caused a noticeable increase in urine losses. However, regular caffeine intake created a tolerance to the diuretic effect such that a dose of 1.12 g/kg was needed before an effect on urine losses was detectable.
- A variety of studies have compared urine losses when subjects consumed caffeine with or as part of a beverage compared with water or a noncaffeinated control or placebo condition. Most were undertaken in sedentary conditions, and a couple were undertaken after exercise or during exercise. Caffeine doses ranged from low (~100 mg) to high (~700 mg) and urine losses were tracked for several hours (up to 24 hours). In some cases, the differences in urine losses between caffeine and no caffeine were judged to be similar; in others, the urine losses in the caffeine trial were significantly greater according to a statistical interpretation. Small to moderate intakes of caffeine (
- When healthy people were followed over 11 days in which their caffeine intake was first stabilized for 6 days and then manipulated for 5 days at zero, low (3 mg/kg), or moderate (6 mg/kg) levels, there was no significant effect on urine production or characteristics.
Armstrong concluded that the consumption of caffeine doesn't pose a threat to hydration levels via its alleged diuretic actions, particularly in small to moderate doses, and that any effects on urine losses are small and unimportant. A systematic review by Professor Ron Maughan, who we introduced in the preface of this book, came to a similar conclusion (Maughan and Griffin 2003). The summary to this publication stated that the available literature suggests that acute ingestion of caffeine in large doses (at least 250-300 mg)... results in a short-term stimulation of urine output in individuals who have been deprived of caffeine for a period of days or weeks. A profound tolerance to the diuretic and other effects of caffeine develops, however, and the actions are much diminished in individuals who regularly consume tea or coffee. Doses of caffeine equivalent to the amount normally found in standard servings of tea, coffee and carbonated soft drinks appear to have no diuretic action.... The most ecologically valid of the published studies offers no support for the suggestion that consumption of caffeine-containing beverages as part of a normal lifestyle leads to fluid loss in excess of the volume ingested or is associated with poor hydration status. Therefore, there would appear to be no clear basis for refraining from caffeine-containing drinks in situations where fluid balance might be compromised.
Before leaving the issue of caffeine and hydration, we should examine two specific variations on this theme. Urine losses contribute to fluid balance, of course, but the big picture is far more complicated than that. The minus side of fluid balance also includes sweat losses, and it has been proposed that caffeine intake might increase sweat rates either by directly affecting the sweat glands or by raising metabolic rate and body temperature. This might be of greatest importance to consider when an athlete is exercising in hot weather, and caffeine use might have an effect on heat regulation as well as hydration. Several studies have examined this issue, and in addition to measuring the individual components of fluid balance, they have looked at the bottom line of total fluid balance, body temperature regulation, and performance. The findings have been consistent: Caffeine intake before and during exercise has zero to minor effect on sweat losses, body temperature, and urine losses during exercise. However, there is no detriment to total hydration, temperature control, or performance compared with trials without caffeine. Therefore, decisions to use moderate doses of caffeine before and during exercise in hot conditions need not be overly concerned about heat and hydration.
The final issue that we need to address regarding caffeine and hydration is the plus side of the fluid balance sheet. A key consideration in real life is that a drink needs to be consumed before it contributes to body fluid levels. As much as thirst is important, people also drink according to habit, social behavior, fluid availability and personal preferences. Caffeine-containing drinks score highly in each of these areas. Beverages such as tea, coffee, cola drinks, and in some populations, energy drinks, contribute a significant volume of our daily voluntary intake of fluid. In some cases, there may be good reasons to suggest we should reduce our total or specific intake of these drinks. We now know that fluid balance isn't likely to be one of these reasons, although we know of people who swear that they have to get up in the night to go to the bathroom if they drink caffeine-containing drinks before bed. But, we also need to recognize the value of the fluid that they do contribute to our daily balance. If people were to suddenly give up their normal intake of caffeinated beverages, the net effect might be a reduction in fluid intake until they found other drinks that were similarly enjoyable, ubiquitous, and easy to ingrain into their habits and social routines. The Perfect Study sidebar illustrates a case in point.
Read more from Caffeine for Sports Performance by Louise Burke, Ben Desbrow, and Lawrence Spriet.


MS-Windows selection mode.
 Typing a printable character deletes the selection
 and starts Insert mode. See |Select-mode|.
 If the'showmode' option is on "-- SELECT --" is shown
 at the bottom of the window.
Insert mode In Insert mode the text you type is inserted into the
 buffer. See |Insert-mode|.
 If the'showmode' option is on "-- INSERT --" is shown
 at the bottom of the window.
Command-line mode In Command-line mode (also called Cmdline mode) you
Cmdline mode can enter one line of text at the bottom of the
 window. This is for the Ex commands, ":", the pattern
 search commands, "?" and "/", and the filter command,
 "!". |Cmdline-mode|
Ex mode Like Command-line mode, but after entering a command
 you remain in Ex mode. Very limited editing of the
 command line. |Ex-mode|
There are six ADDITIONAL modes. These are variants of the BASIC modes:
 *Operator-pending* *Operator-pending-mode*
Operator-pending mode This is like Normal mode, but after an operator
 command has started, and Vim is waiting for a {motion}
 to specify the text that the operator will work on.
Replace mode Replace mode is a special case of Insert mode. You
 can do the same things as in Insert mode, but for
 each character you enter, one character of the existing
 text is deleted. See |Replace-mode|.
 If the'showmode' option is on "-- REPLACE --" is
 shown at the bottom of the window.
Virtual Replace mode Virtual Replace mode is similar to Replace mode, but
 instead of file characters you are replacing screen
 real estate. See |Virtual-Replace-mode|.
 If the'showmode' option is on "-- VREPLACE --" is
 shown at the bottom of the window.
Insert Normal mode Entered when CTRL-O given in Insert mode. This is
 like Normal mode, but after executing one command Vim
 returns to Insert mode.
 If the'showmode' option is on "-- (insert) --" is
 shown at the bottom of the window.
Insert Visual mode Entered when starting a Visual selection from Insert
 mode, e.g., by using CTRL-O and then "v", "V" or
 CTRL-V. When the Visual selection ends, Vim returns
 to Insert mode.
 If the'showmode' option is on "-- (insert) VISUAL --"
 is shown at the bottom of the window.
Insert Select mode Entered when starting Select mode from Insert mode.
 E.g., by dragging the mouse or .
 When the Select mode ends, Vim returns to Insert mode.
 If the'showmode' option is on "-- (insert) SELECT --"
 is shown at the bottom of the window.
6. Switching from mode to mode *mode-switching*
If for any reason you do not know which mode you are in, you can always get
back to Normal mode by typing twice. This doesn't work for Ex mode
though, use ":visual".
You will know you are back in Normal mode when you see the screen flash or
hear the bell after you type . However, when pressing after using
CTRL-O in Insert mode you get a beep but you are still in Insert mode, type
 again.
 TO mode
 Normal Visual Select Insert Replace Cmd-line Ex
FROM mode
Normal v V ^V *4 *1 R gR : /?! Q
Visual *2 ^G c C -- : --
Select *5 ^O ^G *6 -- -- --
Insert -- -- -- --
Replace -- -- -- --
Command-line *3 -- -- :start -- --
Ex :vi -- -- -- -- --
-- not possible
*1 Go from Normal mode to Insert mode by giving the command "i", "I", "a",
 "A", "o", "O", "c", "C", "s" or S".
*2 Go from Visual mode to Normal mode by giving a non-movement command, which
 causes the command to be executed, or by hitting "v", "V" or "CTRL-V"
 (see |v_v|), which just stops Visual mode without side effects.
*3 Go from Command-line mode to Normal mode by:
 - Hitting or , which causes the entered command to be executed.
 - Deleting the complete line (e.g., with CTRL-U) and giving a final .
 - Hitting CTRL-C or , which quits the command-line without executing
 the command.
 In the last case may be the character defined with the 'wildchar'
 option, in which case it will start command-line completion. You can
 ignore that and type again. {Vi: when hitting the command-line
 is executed. This is unexpected for most people; therefore it was changed
 in Vim. But when the is part of a mapping, the command-line is
 executed. If you want the Vi behaviour also when typing , use ":cmap
 ^V ^V^M"}
*4 Go from Normal to Select mode by:
 - use the mouse to select text while'selectmode' contains "mouse"
 - use a non-printable command to move the cursor while keeping the Shift
 key pressed, and the'selectmode' option contains "key"
 - use "v", "V" or "CTRL-V" while'selectmode' contains "cmd"
 - use "gh", "gH" or "g CTRL-H" |g_CTRL-H|
*5 Go from Select mode to Normal mode by using a non-printable command to move
 the cursor, without keeping the Shift key pressed.
*6 Go from Select mode to Insert mode by typing a printable character. The
 selection is deleted and the character is inserted.
If the 'insertmode' option is on, editing a file will start in Insert mode.
Additionally the command CTRL-\ CTRL-N or can be used to go to
Normal mode from any other mode. This can be used to make sure Vim is in
Normal mode, without causing a beep like would. However, this does not
work in Ex mode. When used after a command that takes an argument, such as
|f| or |m|, the timeout set with 'ttimeoutlen' applies.
The command CTRL-\ CTRL-G or can be used to go to Insert mode when
'insertmode' is set. Otherwise it goes to Normal mode. This can be used to
make sure Vim is in the mode indicated by 'insertmode', without knowing in
what mode Vim currently is.
 *Q* *mode-Ex* *Ex-mode* *Ex* *EX* *E501*
Q Switch to "Ex" mode. This is a bit like typing ":"
 commands one after another, except:
 - You don't have to keep pressing ":".
 - The screen doesn't get updated after each command.
 - There is no normal command-line editing.
 - Mappings and abbreviations are not used.
 In fact, you are editing the lines with the "standard"
 line-input editing commands ( or to erase,
 CTRL-U to kill the whole line).
 Vim will enter this mode by default if it's invoked as
 "ex" on the command-line.
 Use the ":vi" command |:visual| to exit "Ex" mode.
 Note: In older versions of Vim "Q" formatted text,
 that is now done with |gq|. But if you use the
 |vimrc_example.vim| script "Q" works like "gq".
gQ Switch to "Ex" mode like with "Q", but really behave
 like typing ":" commands after another. All command
 line editing, completion etc. is available.
 {not in Vi}
7. The window contents *window-contents*
In Normal mode and Insert/Replace mode the screen window will show the current
contents of the buffer: What You See Is What You Get. There are two
- When the 'cpoptions' option contains '$', and the change is within one line,
 the text is not directly deleted, but a '$' is put at the last deleted
- When inserting text in one window, other windows on the same text are not
 updated until the insert is finished.
{Vi: The screen is not always updated on slow terminals}
Lines longer than the window width will wrap, unless the 'wrap' option is off
(see below).


Main Content
Automatic Verification of Generated HDL Code from Simulink
The automatic verification feature integrates verification as part of the workflow for HDL cosimulation using the HDL Workflow Advisor. During this workflow, Simulink® generates a test bench model for HDL cosimulation. This test bench model compares the generated HDL DUT outputs (coming through the HDL Cosimulation block) with the original Simulink block outputs. The automatic verification step automatically runs this test bench. This step returns pass/fail information depending if the outputs of the HDL DUT match the output of original Simulink block in the test bench.
 1. Open HDL Workflow Advisor for your model.
 2. Step 1.1, select Generic ASIC/FPGA.
 3. Run all steps under 2, Prepare Model For HDL Code Generation.
 4. At step 3.1.5, Set Testbench Options, select Cosimulation model. Then set Simulation tool to either Mentor Graphics ModelSim or Cadence Incisive for your HDL simulator.
 5. At Step 3.2, Generate RTL Code and Testbench, select Generate testbench. This selection causes Step 3.3 to appear.
 6. At step 3.3, click Run This Task. The HDL Workflow Advisor and HDL Verifier™ verify the generated HDL using cosimulation between the HDL Simulator and the Simulink test bench. Any relevant status messages are displayed in the status window in the HDL Workflow Advisor.


Political Numeracy: Mathematical Perspectives on Our Chaotic Constitution
"An engaging and unusual perspective on the no-man's land between mathematics and the law."—John Allen Paulos
From the impossibility of a perfectly democratic vote to a clarifying model for affirmative action debates, constitutional law professor and math enthusiast Michael Meyerson "provides an engaging and unusual perspective on the no-man's land between mathematics and the law" (John Allen Paulos). In thoroughly accessible and entertaining terms, Meyerson shows how the principle of probability influenced the...
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From the impossibility of a perfectly democratic vote to a clarifying model for affirmative action debates, constitutional law professor and math enthusiast Michael Meyerson "provides an engaging and unusual perspective on the no-man's land between mathematics and the law" (John Allen Paulos). In thoroughly accessible and entertaining terms, Meyerson shows how the principle of probability influenced the outcomes of the O. J. Simpson trials; makes a convincing case for the mathematical virtues of the electoral college; uses game theory to explain the federal government's shifting balance of power; relates the concept of infinity to the heated abortion debate; and uses topology and chaos theory to explain how our Constitution has successfully survived social and political change.
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Editorial Reviews
Laurence Tribe
An important book. I am impressed with the richness and subtlety of...[Meyerson's] insights.
John Allen Paulos
Rudy Ruckner
An unexpected source of pleasure for mathematicians,for scholars of the law,and for those interested in pleasant mental recreation.
Publishers Weekly
University of Baltimore law professor Meyerson shows how a wide range of mathematical subjects, from Euclid's ancient axiomatic method to recent developments in chaos theory, can throw light on the Constitution and how the Supreme Court interprets it. Though he sometimes delves into fairly sophisticated math game theory, transfinite arithmetic, G del's Incompleteness Theorem his sharp focus on essential insights should put all readers at ease. For example, he demonstrates how the comparison of infinite numbers illuminates different precious values the author's life may be of "infinite value" to him, for example, and yet his children's lives are more valuable. Calculations are rare and only involve simple arithmetic. By disavowing claims that a focus on math can replace other perspectives, Meyerson highlights the valuable insights his methods can provide. His use of proportional analysis as a way of evaluating affirmative action is fascinating not because he suggests an ultimate solution, but because the mathematical approach "infuses analysis with an awareness of the inevitable imperfections of one's own position." Such an awareness might encourage more reasoned debate. Some of Meyerson's topics voting systems, reapportionment have long been studied mathematically, but most get a novel treatment (for example, "our federalist system can be seen as a kind of fractal structure"). Particularly intriguing is the argument, based on chaos theory, which asserts that the nation is on a "very different constitutional path" than Madison and Hamilton would have ever imagined. Meyerson's insights vary in profundity, but all serve to stimulate awareness of a potentially rich new perspective. Illus. (Mar.) Copyright 2001 Cahners Business Information.
From The Critics
Arguing that a fuller understanding of mathematics will make for more sophisticated constitutional reasoning, Meyerson (law, U. of Baltimore, Maryland) begins a rapprochement between mathematics and law. He points out that such knowledge leads not to certainty, but to a greater respect for differing constitutional perspectives. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)
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Product Details
 - ISBN-13: 9780393323726
 - Publication date: 3/28/2003
 - Edition description: REPRINT
 - Pages: 256
Meet the Author
Michael Meyerson is professor of law and Piper & Marbury Faculty Fellow at the University of Baltimore School of Law. He lives in Columbia, Maryland.
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Read an Excerpt
Mathematical Perspectives on Our Chaotic Constitution
By Michael I. Meyerson
W. W. Norton & Company
Copyright © 2002 Michael I. Meyerson.
All rights reserved.
ISBN: _PHONE_
Chapter One
(Healthy and Ill)
It reminds me of an answer given some years ago in the School at Oxford, when the Examiner asked for an example of a syllogism. After much patient thought, the candidate handed in:
 "All men are dogs;
 All dogs are men;
 Therefore, All men are dogs."
This certainly has the form of a syllogism.... And it has the great merit... that, if you grant the premises, you cannot deny the conclusion. Nevertheless, I feel bound to add that it was not commended by the Examiner.
The preceding is a lesson on the uses of logic, given by the Reverend Charles Dodgson, who is better known by his pseudonym, Lewis Carroll. The ability to think logically is essential for anyone who wants to understand the Constitution. Teachings from the world of mathematics present both the power of logic and the dangers inherent in utilizing it to confront difficult constitutional issues.
 One of the foundations of the mathematical method is that knowledge leads to more knowledge. By the power of logical reasoning, simple truths can lead to countless conclusions of complexity and subtlety. In about 300 B.C., Euclid wrote the Elements, which has been called "the most influential textbook of all time." From a mere handful of axioms, Euclid was able to establish hundreds of theorems, encompassing all the important propositions of Greek mathematics. It is not so much the propositions, as the techniques of proof, which make his work of enduring importance.
 The critical first step, of course, is the selection of axioms. An axiom can be defined as "a statement used in the premises of arguments and assumed to be true without proof." We must take the correctness of axioms for granted because we have to start somewhere. Some proposition must be the initial one, the one from which the others flow.
 Similarly, we never are afforded the luxury of having all our terms defined. Definitions, after all, involve describing one term in reference to another. Unless we are willing to allow circular definitions, where two terms define one another, we must accept undefined terms. Euclid, for example, defined a point as "that which has no parts" but neglected to give a useful definition of parts.
 Once we have decided what to take for granted, we prove the rest from that. Since undefined terms and unproven assertions are not likely to fill us with confidence, the power of a system is sometimes determined by how few axioms and undefined terms it contains. Hence, Aristotle declared that, "other things being equal, that proof is better which proceeds from the fewer postulates."
 Choosing the right axioms is an art. Generally, the axioms should be simple and consistent with one another. They should be logically independent of one another, or else one would be more properly considered a theorem of the other. Finally, axioms "must be fruitful; like carefully selected seeds they must yield a valuable crop...."
 The "crop" consists of theorems, which are defined as statements that are "derived from premises rather than assumed." Some theorems may be so obvious they could have been axioms; others may well be surprising and counterintuitive. For one example of the power of this method, see on the next page Euclid's proof that there exists an infinite number of prime numbers.
 One of the most common forms of logical analysis involves the use of syllogisms, in which two statements (premises) are linked to form a conclusion. The classic (almost clichéd) syllogism is
1. All men are mortal.
2. Socrates is a man.
3. Therefore, Socrates is mortal.
 Similar syllogistic forms can draw conclusions from statements that are less absolute but are sometimes, although not necessarily always, true:
1. Some members of the faculty can't be fired.
2. All people who can't be fired can be independent thinkers.
3. Therefore, some members of the faculty can be independent thinkers.
 What is so powerful about this form of logical structure is that it leads to an unquestionable solution: If the premises are all true, then the conclusion must be true as well. Now, not any connection of statements will work. Obviously, if the logical argument is not well formulated, as in the story told by the Reverend Charles Dodgson at the beginning of this chapter, the result is laughable. But if the form is correct, the conclusion is inescapable.
 The correctness of the form can be tested by viewing the syllogism in abstract form. The abstract quality of this system permits the substitution of symbols for the words in each syllogism, which leads to their universal acceptability.
 For example, the syllogism about Socrates can be restated as
1. Every M is a P.
2. S is an M.
3. Therefore, S is a P.
 The independent-minded faculty syllogism would be restated as
1. Some M are P.
2. Every P is an S.


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Effective Geo-Targeting Strategies for Online Advertising
Justin K. Oct 21, 2019 Marketing
Geo-targeted Ads Demographic Chart
Most small business owners and marketers spend a lot of time optimizing online advertising campaign keywords. While choosing the right keywords ensures a visitor is searching for something you're selling, it's equally important to ensure that they are a viable customer for your business — meaning that they're in the right location.
Let's take a look at how geo-targeting ads can help improve conversion rates, as well as how to introduce localization to your website to help convert them after the initial click.
How to Geo-Target Ads
Many businesses only sell products in a specific location or set of locations. For example, a restaurant may only serve customers in a specific city or even only within a few city blocks. The same is true for car dealerships, credit unions and countless other small businesses throughout the United States and around the world.
Geo-targeting enables you to only show ads exclusively to customers in locations that you specify. That way, you're not wasting your ad spend on people outside of your target market. It's one of the easiest ways to improve conversion rates and return on investment when it comes to running an online ad campaign.
There are many different platforms that offer geo-targeting capabilities, including Google AdWords, Facebook Ads and Twitter Ads. These platforms may infer a visitor's location using their IP address or incorporate location-based data from mobile devices or user profiles.
Google AdWords Example
Google AdWords is one of the most popular online advertising platforms in the world with about 200 million clicks and billions of impressions per day. With its cutting-edge targeting capabilities, the platform enables businesses to catch users as they search for specific products — and even search within specific locations.
Google AdWords makes it easy to geo-target ads to specific locations:
 1. Select a Campaign.
 2. Click on the Settings tab.
 3. Scroll down to Locations and Languages.
 4. Click Edit under Locations.
 5. Type in the locations you'd like to target.
Google Geo-targeting Example - Source: Google
Each location includes the name, estimated reach and the ability to Add or Exclude the location from the campaign. If you click Nearby, Google will even generate a list of nearby regions that you may want to consider adding as well. These locations include both cities and places of interest, such as an airport or business.
Geo-Targeting Best Practices
There are several best practices to keep in mind when setting up geo-targeting for online advertising campaigns:
 - Target locations where your customers are located and consider adding strategic nearby locations. For example, you may want to target users in specific cities rather than looking at the state or country level for potential customers.
 - Double-check how the location is determined. For example, Google may include both physical locations and "locations of interest" (e.g. when a user is searching about a particular city) — and they mean very different things.
 - Consider running A/B tests with and without geo-targeting to see if it makes a difference, and if so, how much of a difference it makes.
 - Exclude locations that don't apply. For example, the large number of people at an airport wouldn't necessarily be customers at businesses in the area and may not be relevant to a local car repair company.
 - Use Google Trends to see where people are searching for certain terms that you may be targeting. For example, a sporting goods retailer may want to target ski boot ads in states with greater numbers of searches rather than all states.
 - Ensure that you're optimizing your website after-the-click to account for the visitor's location. For instance, you may want to show different promotions to different customers depending on their location.
Don't Forget Your Website
Online advertising helps bring potential customers to your website, but there's still a lot of work required to convert them into paying customers. One of the best ways to do that is by targeting content and offers based on a visitor's location in order to improve the user experience and conversion rates.
There are several ways that localization can help improve conversion rates:
 - Retail Locations - You may want to help visitors find the nearest retail location. For example, a coffee shop chain may have three locations within a city and may want to help customers find the location most convenient to them.
 - Offers / Promotions - You may want to show certain promotions to certain customers depending on their location. The classic example is a sporting goods store that may want to show home team merchandise depending on a visitor's location rather than a competitor's apparel.
 - Payment / Shipping Methods - You may want to show certain payment and shipping methods to certain visitors. For instance, a U.S. business may not want to offer free shipping to Canadian visitors. Some customers may also prefer different payment methods depending on their location.
 - Language - International ecommerce shops may want to change the selected language based on a visitor's location or their browser settings. After all, several studies have shown that visitors are more likely to purchase in their own language.
It's easy to incorporate these capabilities with platforms like GeoTargetly, which provides a simple JavaScript API to detect a visitor's location and change content based upon it. For example, you can auto-position a map or auto-fill form elements based on a user's location with just a few easy steps.
Testing Localization
There are many different ways to test geo-targeted ad campaigns and website localization.
The easiest way is to use a proxy server to browse a website as if you were in another location. While it's easy to get started, and WonderProxy offers proxy servers with easy-to-use browser plugins, this interactive process can quickly become time-consuming as your localization efforts and application grow over time.
A better approach is building localization tests into your existing automated test suites. That way, you don't have to manually re-do a quality assurance test with each iteration of your software — you can simply write a test and re-run it automatically with each deploy.
WonderProxy can help you build automated localization tests using tools like Selenium. With an intuitive API and SauceLabs integration, you can test your application across hundreds of different locations around the world with minimal effort to ensure everything is working properly, and the user experience is never compromised.
Saucelabs User Interface
The Bottom Line
Geo-targeting strategies can dramatically improve the conversion rates of online advertising campaigns and the user experience on websites after the click.
There are many platforms that make geo-targeting easy. Google AdWords and other ad platforms enable you to easily target customers based on their location; GeoTargetly and other apps can help you detect a location on your website; and, WonderProxy is the best way to test that it all works together.
Explore WonderProxy and see how easy it is to ensure that your geo-targeting campaigns are working properly!
Justin K.


to find the optimal configurations in high-dimensional continuous space.
 5. (5)
 We propose a prioritized experience replay in our \({\texttt {CDBTune}}^{+}\) to accelerate the convergence of our model and explore how to reduce the time-consuming restart time in order to provide users with a better experience in practical use.
 6. (6)
 Our experimental results demonstrate that \({\texttt {CDBTune}}^{+}\) could recommend knob settings that greatly improved performance, compared with the state-of-the-art tuning tools and DBA experts. Furthermore, we found that our system adapts well to a cloud environment (e.g., memory size, disk capacity, workloads and storage media type) changes. Our system is open-sourced and publicly available on GithubFootnote 2.
System overview
In this section, we present our end-to-end automatic cloud database tuning system \({\texttt {CDBTune}}^{+}\), which uses deep RL. We first introduce the general approach of \({\texttt {CDBTune}}^{+}\) (Sect. 2.1) and then present the architecture of CDBTune (Sect. 2.2).
\({\texttt {CDBTune}}^{+}\) working mechanism
\({\texttt {CDBTune}}^{+}\) first trains a model based on some initial training data. Then, given an online tuning request, CDBTune utilizes the model to recommend knob settings. CDBTune also updates the model by leveraging the tuning request as training data.
Offline training
We first briefly introduce the basic idea of the model training (and more details will be discussed in Sects. 3 and 4) and then present how to collect the training data.
Training data The training data is a set of training quadruples \(\langle q, a, s, r\rangle \), where q is a set of query workloads (i.e., SQL queries), a is a set of knobs as well as their values when processing q, s is the database state (which is a set of 63 metrics) when processing q and r is the performance when processing q (including throughput and latency). We use the SQL command "show status" to obtain the state s, which is a common command that a DBA uses to understand the state of database. The state metrics contain the statistical information of the CDB, which describe the current state of the database; We refer to them as internal metrics. There are 63 internal metrics in CDB, including 14 state values and 49 cumulative values. Example state metrics include buffer size, page size, etc., and cumulative values include data reads, lock timeouts, buffer pool in pages, buffer pool read/write requests, lock time, etc. All the collected metrics and knobs data will be stored in the memory pool (see Sect. 2.2.4). Note there is almost no cost to collect training data, because the collection interval is on the order of seconds.
Training model Because the DBMS configuration tuning problem that aims to find the optimal solution in continuous space is NP-hard [55], we use deep RL as the training model. RL adopts a trial-and-error strategy to train the model, which explores more optimal configurations that a DBA might never try, reducing the possibility of falling into a local optimum. Note that the RL model is trained offline once, and will subsequently be used to tune the database knobs for each tuning request from database users. The details of the model training will be introduced in Section 3.
Training data generation There are two ways to collect the training data. (1) Cold Start. Because of the lack of historical training data at the beginning of the offline training process, we utilize standard workload testing tools (such as SysbenchFootnote 3, TPC-MySQLFootnote 4 and other query generator) to generate a set of query workloads. Then for each query workload q, we execute it on the CDB and generate the initial quadruple. Next, we apply the trial-and-error strategy described previously to train on the quadruple and generate more training data. (2) Incremental Training. During the later practical use of \({\texttt {CDBTune}}^{+}\), for each user tuning request, our system continuously gains feedback information from the user request according to the configurations \({\texttt {CDBTune}}^{+}\) recommends. The gradual addition of real user behavior data to the training process allows CDBTune to further strengthen the model and improve the recommendation accuracy of the model.
Online tuning
If a user wants to tune her database, she just needs to submit a tuning request to \({\texttt {CDBTune}}^{+}\) (analogous to existing tuning tools like OtterTune and BestConfig). Once receiving an online tuning request from a user, CDBTune collects the query workload q from the user quickly in about 150 s, gets the current knob configuration a, and executes the query workload in the CDB to generate the current state s and performance r. Next it uses the model obtained by offline training to conduct online tuning. Eventually, the knobs corresponding to the best performance in online tuning will be recommended to the user. If the tuning process terminates, we also need to update the deep RL model and the memory pool. The reason why we update the memory pool is that the samples produced by RL are generally sequential (such as configuration tuning step by step), which does not conform to the independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) hypothesis between samples in deep learning. Specifically, one of the most common assumptions in many deep learning approaches is that the given data samples are realizations of i.i.d. random variables. In deep reinforcement learning, in general, successive states (actions and rewards) are highly correlated. An "experience replay" buffer (see Sect. 5.1) was used in DDPG architecture to avoid training the neural network which represents the Q function, with correlated (or non-independent) sample [16]. Based on this, we will randomly extract some batches of samples each time and update the model in order to eliminate the correlations between samples (which is also done during offline training). Note that CDBTune needs to fine-tune the pre-trained model in order to adapt to the real user workload. There are mainly two differences between online tuning and offline training. On the one hand, we no longer utilize the simulated data. Instead, we replay the user's current workload (see Sect. 2.2.1) to conduct stress testing on CDB in order to fine-tune (commonly used in ML, same with offline training just decrease the model learning rate) the model. On the other hand, the tuning terminates if the user obtains a satisfying performance with the improvements over the initial configuration or the number of tuning steps reaches the predefined maximum. In our experiments, we set the maximum number to 5.
Because restarting the DBMS is undesirable for users on the primary database instance in a cloud environment which will take more costs, we employ this tuning processing in the backup databases. In general, they have same the hardware as the primary databases and are therefore representative of them. We tailored the technical improvements (this will take extra costs to help our \({\texttt {CDBTune}}^{+}\) works which are beyond the scope of our main work here) based on the general cloud database backup technologies (e.g., via log shipping) to ensure that the secondary copy can accurately reflect the performance characteristics of the primary. Note that although the OtterTune does not state that it relies on a backup database or a primary one, we think it directly employs the primary database for tuning since they do not take into account the cost of restarting into consideration when choosing configurations but as future work [55]. Besides, \({\texttt {CDBTune}}^{+}\) also works well on the primary since our method is not limited to whether to use it on the backup or primary database, considering that working on the primary one causes unacceptable restarting to be impractical for users, we decide to deploy it on backup databases in our case. Of course, many low-cost cloud database services only have one database process and no secondaries or the general cloud database backup technology does not guarantee that the secondary copy accurately reflects the performance features of the primary one which makes it is an interesting and challenging question for future work.
System architecture
Figure 2 illustrates the architecture of \({\texttt {CDBTune}}^{+}\). The dotted box on the left represents the client, where users send their tuning requests to the server through the local interface. The other dotted box represents our tuning system in the cloud, in which the controller of the distributed cloud platform coordinates the client, the CDB and \({\texttt {CDBTune}}^{+}\). When the user initiates a tuning request or the DBA initiates a training request via the controller, the workload generator conducts stress testing on the CDB instances which remain to be tuned by simulating workloads or replaying the user's workloads. At the same time, the metrics collector collects and processes related metrics. The processed data will be stored in the memory pool and fed into the deep RL network respectively. Finally, the recommender outputs the knob configurations which will be deployed in the CDB.
Fig. 2
System architecture
Workload generator
Our workload generator mainly takes care of two tasks: generating the standard testing workload and replaying the current user's real workload. Due to a lack of samples (histor


text:
As design students, still learning our craft, we seldom get the opportunity to see our ideas taken through to implementation. As such, it can be difficult for us to fully understand the close relationship between engineering and design, and the need for engineers and designers to collaborate to produce achievable and successful products.
This article discusses the importance of integrating design and engineering, arguing that "When design is seen as a satellite that orbits engineering, it usually comes crashing back to earth." The article talks about the importance of designers understanding the technologies they are designing for and have a strong awareness of what is actually possible. This is something that even as students we can all make an effort to do in our work. Above all, the article emphasises that design should be a conversation between all parties involved, with designers seeking feedback early and consistently throughout the process. "Being a great designer requires you to be empathetic, not only to users or clients, but to your engineers as well. It's about involving them in the design process, and understanding the technology that enables your design. It'll make you a stronger designer, and result in a better product in the long term."


text:
The definition of a tune is a song, a melody, having correct musical pitch or being in the correct key.(noun)
Tune is defined as to adjust or adapt a condition, situation, instrument or voice.(verb)
See tune in Webster's New World College Dictionary
Origin: ME, var. of tone, tone
See tune in American Heritage Dictionary 4
Origin: Middle English
Origin:, variant of tone, tone; see tone.
Learn more about tune

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
A memorable and enriching stay can extend well beyond our hotels. That's why The Ritz-Carlton proudly offers Impact Experiences, providing inspiring opportunities for our guests to contribute to the local community. Impact Experiences are compelling social and environmental impact activities where there is one constant – each program makes a lasting and authentic difference.
Impact Experiences offers on-property activities that can be incorporated in the conference agenda during lunch breaks, receptions and coffee breaks, including:
- Partnering with the hotel's culinary team to prepare the ingredients for a regionally adapted dish for donation to a local hunger relief organization;
- Assembling school supplies and art materials in backpacks for donation to students whose academic success is threatened by poverty;
- Collaborating in teams to assemble emergency preparedness kits for shipping to a disaster relief facility or community organization;
- Designing and creating greetings and birthday cards for children in a local pediatric healthcare facility or children's organization.
- Impact Hour, a platform for leaders from The Ritz-Carlton Community Footprints partner organizations to showcase how they are successfully addressing social and environmental issues.
Additionally, Signature Impact Experiences invite our group guests to take part in an off-site volunteer activity, unique to the destination.


text:
Graduation from school is associated with the greatest social disruption. The end of formal education, the end of the structured schedule provided by school attendance, and the rising expectation for work and independent living place increasing stress on the young person at this time. Increasing levels of education predict better a chance of labor force participation and higher level of income (18). Thus, making post-secondary education a key goal for the young person with rheumatic disease is important to his or her future success in the marketplace. Yet people with physical disabilities and other health impairments have lower graduation rates than those without impairments. Scal et al. found that graduation rates in the United States declined based on severity of condition: among the general population of adults aged 18 to 30 years old, 82.6% graduated from high school, and, for those even with mild disabilities, the graduation rate fell to 79.5% (19). Awareness of laws that that outline important educational practices in secondary school can foster successful adult outcomes for students with special health care needs. In the United States, these include the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), the School to Work Opportunities Act, and the Workforce Investment Act.
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Reprisal in a Sentence 🔊
Definition of Reprisal
an act of retaliation
Examples of Reprisal in a sentence
Outraged at failing his French class, Matt keyed the teacher's car in reprisal. 🔊
Even in the most extreme circumstances, back and forth reprisal is generally not the best way to resolve conflict. 🔊
With rumors of reprisal coming from all his most reliable sources, the king ordered that every entrance to the castle be barricaded. 🔊
No one knows for certain, but it is widely believed that the drive-by shooting was in reprisal to some offense committed by a rival gang. 🔊
He felt secure enough in his information that he announced his opinion on the matter without fear of reprisal. 🔊
After taking such violent measures, the colonel began to regret his role in taking reprisal against the natives. 🔊
When Jeanette's parents were told about the bullying tactics she had used in reprisal for the gossip against her, she was grounded and had to miss the winter dance. 🔊
Now that the drug cartels have toned down their acts of reprisal against each other, more people are traveling to Mexico for pleasure. 🔊
Junior high school is a place where insecurity, peer pressure, hurt feelings, and acts of reprisal plague the lives of adolescents. 🔊
The newspapers carried the story about the soldiers' reprisal against the enemies who had attacked a village of women and children. 🔊
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There are few people in modern society that don't suffer from some degree of stress. Chronic stress can impact every aspect of our lives. Stress management and counselling can be a valuable ally in combating the difficulties and anxieties of our stress-filled lives. For over 3 decades, the psychologists at Roth Associates in Psychology in Halifax have been helping people deal with their stress. The client who suffers chronic headache, anxiety, insomnia or inability to relax is taught specific relaxation techniques designed to provide lasting relief and a greater enjoyment of life.
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Engineering with and for light absorption and scattering: A quarter century of experimental research at RTL
Characterization of particles requires detailed understanding of light interaction with homogeneous/inhomogeneous and regular/irregular shaped particles, or fractallike structures, within optically thin or thick media. Even after the development of such theoretical understanding, focused experiments need to be carried out to measure scattered light intensity profiles and change in the absorption due to particles present in a given medium. Eventually, the data from such experiments are to be processed thoroughly with the help of robust inverse analyses to determine the required properties. This trilogy of particle characterization research was one of the focus areas of the Radiation Transfer Laboratory at the University of Kentucky over the last quarter century. This paper focuses only on the experimental works conducted and highlights a wide number of research papers published at the RTL for characterization purposes.


NASA has found evidence of parallel universe
"NASA has found evidence of parallel universe" – is it really the truth?
Various media outlets and magazines are reporting about the potential evidence of the existence of a parallel universe found by the NASA scientists, where the time runs backward. But is it really so, have we really found out a parallel universe, or is it just internet falsifying the information and overlooking the facts.
The concept of existence of parallel universe seems quite interesting and is one of those things on which various science fictions are based. So there was no wonder when a news like this surfaced, it was supposed to get viral.
Now, this all started from a story published on April 8 on New Scientist, which details about the puzzling results from a science experiment conducted in Antarctica where Neutrinos were found coming from the Earth.
The story reads:
New Scientist
This is based on the original research paper from ANITA (ANtarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna), a balloon-based experiment in Antarctica.
ANITA (ANtarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna)
ANITA (ANtarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna)
ANITA is equipped with an array of radio antennas that are pointed at Earth and they detect radio waves emitted by high-energy neutrinos striking the atoms of ice. In 2016 ANITA reported anomalous readings of high energy neutrinos coming from Earth's surface, but no source. These neutrinos are supposed to come from the depths of cosmos not Earth.
So these findings really conflict with the current model of physics and physicists are really trying to understand this weird behavior.
So there have been theories putting this as an explanation of a parallel universe existing alongside ours, where everything is opposite. But we are still far away from concluding the fact that this is the case. There are still many other explanations that have been mentioned.
There are some chances this is how the neutrinos behave in contact with the ice and imperfect understanding of Antarctica ice.
Ibrahim Safa who was the lead author of the ANITA research paper tweeted this:
So probably we will have to wait a bit longer about the real explanation of this phenomenon and it is still not enough evidence enough to completely explain the parallel universe concept.
Hope you enjoyed reading this, let us know your thoughts in the comments section below. For more information follow us on Facebook and Instagram.


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a yoga & creative movement lesson
for parents & teachers of children from preschool-5th grade
Some Animals Migrate
"Migrate" means to move somewhere warmer for the winter season, and then come back when it's spring.
- Monarch Butterflies fly to Mexico and southern California to escape the cold winters of the north. For Butterfly Pose, sit on the floor with the bottoms of your feet touching, and knees bent. Hold on to your ankles or toes with your hands. Sit up tall and move your legs up and down like the flapping wings of a butterfly.
- Snow Geese are large, white birds with black-tipped wings that take the Central Flyway route from Canada to the Gulf of Mexico, passing over lots of rich farmland where they can stop and eat grain. For our Goose Pose (Low Lunge), let's stand on our knees and put one foot on the floor in front of you, leaning forward. Open your arms to the sides and flap them up and down, slowly and then faster and faster. Try putting your other foot forward, and flap your wings again. Can you take off into the sky from this shape? (If you have enough students and enough space, you can make a "V" shape and try to move together like a flock of geese.)
- Reindeer (Caribou) travel the farthest of all migrating animals, up to 5,000 miles, looking for forests where they can search under the snow for food. They are fast runners and can also swim across lakes and rivers to get where they are going. Stand up with your feet wide, like Warrior 1 Pose. Bend your front knee (toes forward) but keep the back leg straight (toes turn to side). Attach your thumbs to the sides of your head above your ears, fingers spread out like antlers. Lift your head and look up to the sky. Then lean forward, lowering head in front of knee to look for food under the snow. Then repeat with the other foot forward.
- Humans! Lots of people like to leave the cold weather and travel somewhere warm for part of the winter, or all of the winter. How do they get to a warm place far away? Let's try flying in Airplane Pose. Balance on one foot with your other leg lifted behind you like the tail of a jet. Tip forward and reach your arms out to the sides like sturdy airplane wings. Try changing legs.
"Adapt" means to change how you look or how you act. Let's talk about some animals who change when the winter comes!
- Squirrels gather and store extra food for the long winter, when they might not be able to find much to eat. Usually, they don't like when other squirrels come into their favorite hiding spots, but in the winter they share their homes, huddling together to keep warm. Stand up with your feet apart, as wide as your body. Bend your knees like you're about to sit in a chair--Chair Pose. Bring your elbows close to your sides, lifting cupped hands up in front of your chest like squirrel's hands. Wiggle your back side as though you have a tall bushy tail to wave.
If you have a group of students, try these Squirrel Games:
Pass the Acorn: Stand in a circle, everyone in Squirrel Pose. Pass an "acorn" (any small object about the size of an orange) from squirrel to squirrel, holding it only with the inside edges of your hands (no fingers). Make sure everyone keeps their knees bent until the acorn goes all the way around the circle.
Scatter and Huddle: Squirrels roam around the room in whatever ways the children imagine squirrels might--darting, shuffling, pausing to twitch their noses, until the teacher rings a bell or calls out "Huddle!" Move into the middle of the room to keep each other warm, until the bell rings again or the teacher calls out "Scatter!"
- Fish in some cold places spend their winters being very active and moving around a lot so their bodies don't freeze. Lay down on your belly and lift your legs and arms. Swish your feet like a tail and paddle your hands like fins, twisting your body from side to side. Move so you don't freeze!
- Snowshoe Rabbits are a rusty brown color... until it snows! Then their fur turns white so they match the snow and they can't be seen by animals who might try to eat them. Also, their feet are large and hairy so they don't sink down into the snowdrifts. For Rabbit Pose, sit on your shins and tip forward slowly till your head touches the mat in front of your knees. Reach your arms alongside your shins toward your ankles and start to lift your seat off your legs, keeping your head on the floor. Imagine you are hiding in the snow!
- Humans! People adapt to cold winter weather by wearing lots of warm clothes and eating hot food and drinking hot drinks. Hot Chocolate Breath: Take a seat and hold your hands around an imaginary mug. Breathe in and smell your cocoa. Do you like marshmallows in it? Or some whip cream and sprinkles? Breathe out slowly through your mouth, so your breath warms your hands. Repeat a few a few more times, breathing in through your nose and breathing out warm breath through your mouth. If you want to add a movement game for a larger group, this would be a great time to play a Bundle-Up Relay Race, with two piles of oversized sweaters, hats, scarves, mittens, etc, at one end of the room. In two lines, a student from each team runs to the clothes, puts them all on and runs back, where they tag the next person in line to return to the former pile with them. The first player takes all the items off and goes to the end of their line while the next player puts them on. Continue till one team's last player is dressed in the warm clothes.
Some Animals Hibernate
"Hibernate" means to take a long nap during winter.
- Grizzly Bears sleep from 5-7 months of the year. They eat a lot before they hibernate, and then they don't eat or go to the bathroom until winter is over. Let's Bear Walk, on hands and feet, around the room, getting slower and slower and more tired until finally, we curl up and sleep.
- Box Turtles get so quiet during hibernation that they don't even breathe! Their skin takes in oxygen while they rest. Turtle Pose: Sit with your legs in front of you and the bottoms of your feet touching, so your legs form a diamond shape. Slide your hands, palms down, under your ankles and round your back, letting your forehead rest on your feet (or above your feet). It's nice and dark and quiet in your turtle shell.
- Humans! Of course we don't sleep for months, but many people in cold places are less active in the winter, staying inside and maybe curling up with a blanket next to a fire. Let's stack our legs in Firelog Pose, sitting on the floor and crossing one shin on top of the other. Rub your hands together until they feel warm, and then give yourself a big warm hug. Make a fire with the other leg on top.
"Dormant" is a way of hibernating, when the animal's body goes "on pause" for the winter. Part of their body may even freeze, but they wake up again when it gets warmer.
- Frogs can go dormant in the mud at the bottom of a pond, or by burrowing into old leaves on the ground. Their body temperature drops and they get almost as cold as the earth around them. Frog Pose, squatting low with your sticky, webbed hands gripping the floor in front of you. Try a few hops and then stop moving and show a frozen frog shape!
- Snakes in some places burrow into little tunnels underground, where the temperature is cold but not freezing. They do not move or eat for months. Laying on your belly with legs and feet touching, reach your arms by your sides as though you don't have arms at all, in Snake Pose. Lift your head and shoulders away from the floor and look from one side to the other, hissing. Wiggle into an imaginary burrow and show what a dormant snake might look like.
- Insects, such as the Ladybird Beetle (Ladybug) find a sheltered spot to sleep in a dormant state till it warms up. We can do Flipped Bug Pose (a nicer way to say Dead Bug pose) by laying on our backs with our knees bent toward our armpits, bottoms of feet up to the ceiling. Now hold on to your feet with your hands and rock side to side a few times. Then find a paused shape, like a sleepy ladybug.
- Humans! Though we don't hibernate or go dormant like some animals do, deep rest is very important to our health. Let's practice the best yoga pose of all, Final Resting Pose, or Savasana, for a few minutes and let our muscles, bones, heart and brain be soft and calm. Make yourself comfortable on your mat and feel very heavy and quiet. Listen to your breath. (Teachers/Parents, you may want to dim the lights, turn on soft music or count slowly to ten so the children know how long they will be resting for. After sitting up and stretching and yawning, talk about how good it would feel to wake up after months of sleep. Where would you go? What would you eat?


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Aldo Piacenza immigrated to the United States as a teenager but never forgot his homeland in Italy. Piacenza settled in Highwood, IL, where he sold vegetables and gradually saved and invested for his retirement. He lost all his savings in the stock market crash of 1929 and barely made it through the Great Depression. As he aged, Piacenza increasingly turned to making art.
He immortalized his homeland with murals he painted on the exterior of his home and surrounded it with elaborate birdhouses he made of scrap wood and found objects, modeling them after the famous architecture of Italy. Some were readily identifiable as historic structures like the cathedrals of Milan or Pisa, while others included architectural components from several different structures.


After VBS camp at Mt. Olivet
Time Travelers: Unlock the mysteries of Ancient eEmpires
Where? Mt. Olivet UMC
When? 20150717
Who? 3-12
EverWonder what it would be like to travel back in time?
If so, hop onto EverWonder's time traveler machine and join us as we journey back through time to explore the ancient empires around the world. While tomb hunting in Egypt we'll build ancient pyramids. In Greece, we'll climb atop the Acropolis to learn more about Ancient Greece's passion for government, math and theater. We'll spar lions and other wild beasts within Coliseum walls while spending time with Spartacus, the Gladiator and other Ancient Romans and so much more. Activities will include art, making and listening to music, movement, creative writing, games, dancing and so much more. Join us!


_USER_{, title={Design and Implementation of Microcontroller Based Portable Drug Delivery System}, author={Mohammed Sabah Jarjees}, journal={Engineering and Technology Journal مجلة الهندسة والتكنولوجيا}, volume={29}, number={12}, pages={2580-2588}, year={2011}, abstract={Portable drug delivery system or portable syringe pump system is a small infusion pump used to gradually deliver drugs, at low doses and at a constant or controllable rate of drug to a patient who needs to take a drug dose regularly in specific periods all the day. The aim of this research is to design and perform a prototype of a portable drug delivery system controlled by micro controller. The micro controller will control the dose of liquid or medication which will be given to the patient and the time of repetition of the dose. The dose rate will be adjusted by controlling the operation of stepper motor which will drive the syringe pump through fine mechanism set.
} }


Question: Can A Person Have 2 Middle Names?
What happens if you have two middle names?
Having two middle names means you can give the child the name you agreed on but still have a piece of both families in there as well..
How do you monogram with two middle names?
If you have two middle names or if you're giving to someone with two middle names, it's typical to just use one middle name for the monogram. Four letters is often too large, and it's really awkward if you want to put your last name in the middle.
How do I fill out a form with two middle names?
When filling out paper work the two middle names go where you put the middle name. If just a middle initial is asked for, you put the first middle name's initial.
Can you have 4 names?
Yes, of course you can. You can have as many names as your parents choose. … If the two grandmother's names had not worked as a compound name, my daughter would have had four names.
How long can a name legally be?
Names with accents and/or non-English letters The Office of Vital Records in California requires that names contain only the 26 alphabetical characters of the English language, plus hyphens and apostrophes.
How do you write an initial with two middle names?
Multiple Middle Name Monogram If you have multiple middle names, start your monogram with your first name initial. Follow this with your middle name initials, and end with your last name initial. All of the initials should appear at the same size.
Can I use my maiden name as my middle name?
When you have your maiden name as a middle name, it's still easier than hyphenating your name. You won't struggle with an overly long name and you don't have to use your middle name on a regular basis—but you won't get penalized if you don't. … Plus, it means your last name won't be such a mouthful.
Is two middle names too much?
Two middle names is fine. But don't just use every name you love, or you'll be stuck if you ever have another girl. Both our dc have 2 middle names (2nd for each is my maiden name). Our surname is only one syllable but we'd have done the same had it been longer.
How many middle names is too many?
More than two middle names is too many middle names unless you are royalty. I think First Name Middle Name Middle Name Last Name is fine. I do think flow is overrated, but if it's important to you, then add another name. It's not too much.
How many middle name can you have?
There is no limit to how many names you have or the length of them. When it comes to legal documents other than your Birth Certificate or SS Card, ppl tend to only put one middle name, and initials for the rest.
Can you name your child curse words?
Why do royals have so many middle names?
Since the royals embrace the tradition, their multiple names not only honor other family members, but they also denote their upper class standing. As previously stated, the royal baby's name was revealed on April 27 after much speculation.
According to 6 CFR 37.3 (Title 6 – Homeland Security; Chapter I – Department Of Homeland Security, Office Of The Secretary; Part 37 -Real Id Driver's Licenses And Identification Cards; Subpart A – General), Full legal name means "an individual's first name, middle name(s), and last name or surname, without use of …
How hard is it to change your middle name?


text: The present work introduces an extended particulate filter model focusing on capabilities to cover catalytic and surface storage reactions and to serve as a virtual multi-functional reactor/separator. The model can be classified as a transient, non-isothermal 1D+1D two-channel model. The applied modeling framework offers the required modeling depth to investigate arbitrary catalytic reaction schemes and it follows the computational requirement of running in real-time. The trade-off between model complexity and computational speed is scalable. The model is validated with the help of an analytically solved reference and the model parametrization is demonstrated by simulating experimentally given temperatures of a heat-up measurement. The detailed 1D+1D model is demonstrated in a concept study comparing the impact of different spatial washcoat distributions. The generic model is further used to describe a diesel particulate filter coated with functionalities for selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxide emissions (SDPF). This dedicated model, as a part of a full diesel exhaust line, is combined with a passenger car vehicle and thermodynamic engine model. The whole system model is assessed in office PC simulation regarding result plausibility and computational performance during the New European Drive Cycle and a randomly assembled drive cycle. The real-time capability of the full model is demonstrated by running it on the NI VeriStand real-time simulation environment. The presented type of system model contributes to answer upcoming questions in the context of real driving emissions (RDE) by means of simulation.


History of Irrational Numbers
An Irrational number is any real number which is not rational. That means an irrational number cannot be represented as a simple fraction. It has no perfect value and can be expressed as a non recurring decimal. Let us know about its history in this section.
At the time of the Greeks (from about the fifth century), people use whole positive numbers and Fractions. People didn't use negative numbers or Irrational Numbers. The Greeks were the first people to determine the need for irrational number.
From the early history of irrational numbers this is tied up with Pythagoras' Theorem, which was known before the time of the Greeks and was not actually invented by Pythagoras. But the Greeks were the first one to realize the significance of it for the development of numbers.
Irrational numbers were first discovered by Hippasus a greek mathematician which suprised even pythagorus. He was drowned as he was protested by many for this. The famous proof is the Square root of 2 is irrational which means it cannot be written as a fraction and square root of 2 was the first number to be proved irrational.
It is also said that irrationality concept was suggested by Indian mathematician Manava in 7th century BC, but there is no proper evidence for that.
Math Topics


Severe ME
Around one in four people with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME), are house bound or bed bound. People with severe ME need help to care for themselves and complete minimal daily tasks (e.g. cleaning teeth). They can experience significant cognitive impairment and may depend on a wheelchair for mobility.
In very rare circumstances, complications from ME for people in severe subgroups has resulted in death. In Australia, Alison Hunter died in 1996, aged 19, from complications arising from ME, which included seizures, paralysis, gastrointestinal paresis and overwhelming infection.
The stories below focus on the challenges and experiences of people with severe ME.


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Today Oceana published a report showing that three trawl fisheries, calico scallops, rock shrimp and royal red shrimp, pose an increased threat to South Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico deep-sea habitat.
- Calico scallops are smaller and less expensive than bay scallops. Because calico scallops are harvested in vast quantities they are not shucked by hand but are steamed to open their shells. Calico scallop meat can be identified by its whitened edges which have been partially cooked by the steaming. Because of their size, taste, and quality they are generally cheaper.
- Rock and Red shrimp are far more perishable than other shrimp. Therefore, most are marketed in the raw frozen state as either whole or split tails. Rock shrimp are purchased according to size, however the largest size generally available is 21 to 25 per pound. They are also lower in price than other shrimp
So with respect to these avoid cheap shrimp and scallops. Your best bit is to avoid supermarkets and head to an experienced fish monger or seafood shop where you can ask question about exactly what you are getting. The minimum wage fish counter help at Stop and Shop doesn't know or care.


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Webinar: Supporting Independence and Resilience
Are you struggling with your child's lack of independence? Understand why this is a struggle for your child, how to build up your child's resilience and learn the tools to help your child become more independent.
Twenty-One Senses believes in empowering families. Adam, one of our coaches, has two decades of experience understanding how people learn. He will help you understand your child's struggles and provide strategies to better support a positive outcome.
Once you register, we will provide you the secure link for the meeting. If you have any questions, you can contact us at _PHONE_.