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Hydraulic punching operation requirements
|The Hydraulic Press is currently the first fully automatic and intelligent servo electro-hydraulic compound press in the stamping equipment industry. Compared with traditional punching machines and injection molding machines, it is mechanically, controllable and functional. There are great breakthroughs. The hydraulic press adopts the self-developed double dead loop servo system control method, which is highly humanized, fully automated, intelligent and powerful.|
The main advantages of hydraulic punching are as follows:
- 1. Quick blanking: The traditional hydraulic press is characterized by high pressure and slow speed, so the work efficiency is not high. The servo electro-hydraulic press of the project technology has added the independent innovative servo structure design, the response speed is fast, the pressure can be quickly pressurized, the pressing speed can reach 400mm/sc or more, and the pressing effect is better than the ordinary mechanical punching machine. Used in the suppression of hardware or non-metal products, such as typical products such as aluminum extrusion, case, strap, glasses frames and parts, photo frames, tableware, signs, locks, auto parts and hardware parts.
- 2. Stretching function: making a large number of metal deformation into a product process called stretching, stretching products are widely used in life, stretching products are generally completed by hydraulic presses, and traditional mechanical punching machines do not have this function; The hydraulic press can perfectly stretch various materials to form products such as cutlery, kitchen utensils, motor metal shells, underlays and lighting parts. In addition, it can be directly added to the latest touch screen technology. The parameters are set by using no mechanical contact technology, which is convenient to use and high in humanization.
The design principle of the hydraulic press is to convert the circular motion into a linear motion. The main motor outputs the force, drives the flywheel, drives the gear, the crankshaft (or eccentric gear), the connecting rod, etc. through the clutch to achieve the linear motion of the slider, from the main motor to The movement of the connecting rod is a circular motion.
There is a need for a circular motion and a linear motion transfer point between the connecting rod and the slider. The design has roughly two mechanisms, one is a spherical type and the other is a pin type (cylindrical type), and the circular motion is performed via this mechanism. Converts to a linear motion of the slider.
The hydraulic press applies pressure to the material to plastically deform it to obtain the required shape and precision. Therefore, it is necessary to match a set of molds (dividing the upper mold and the lower mold), placing the material between them, and applying pressure to the machine to deform it. The reaction force caused by the force applied to the material during processing is absorbed by the punching machine body.
As a professional operator of hydraulic punching machine, on the basis of mastering the performance characteristics of hydraulic punching machine, it should have strong self-discipline and emergency response capability. The operation requirements are as follows:
- 1.There should be strong collaboration ability. When two or more people perform operational tasks together, coordination is very important.
- 2.During the operation of the hydraulic punching machine, attention should be paid to the prohibition of inserting objects such as hands or tools into the danger zone. Small pieces should be operated with special tools.
- 3.During the operation, if it is found that the press operation is suddenly abnormal or abnormal, the feed should be stopped immediately and the inspection should be carried out.
- 4. Before starting the hydraulic press, check the machine. If it is found that the rotating parts are loose, the operating device is out of order, or the mold is loose or missing, stop the repair immediately.
- 5.Every time a workpiece is punched during hydraulic press operation, the operator must leave the button or pedal to avoid damage.
- 6.After the work is completed, the mold should be dropped first, the hydraulic press power supply should be disconnected, and the cleaning work should be carried out before leaving the workshop.
Link to this article： What is the principle of hydraulic punching?
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Peaches Geldof has signed up to Aleister Crowley's sex cult OTO
The celebrity tweeted a picture of one of the cult's books, and has inked the initials on her body too. But what do we know about OTO?
Peaches Geldof: believes in a thing called Thelema.
Peaches Geldof: believes in a thing called Thelema. Photograph: Michael Bowles/Rex Features
Age: Founded in Germany in 1904. So 109.
Appearance: Daft tattoos on daft people.
What does OTO stand for? Ordo Templi Orientis.
Meaning? The Order of the Oriental Templars.
And what does the Order of the Oriental Templars stand for? The "wisdom and knowledge" of, among many others, the Gnostic Catholic Church; the Rite of Memphis; the Order of the Sat Bhai; the Hermetic Brotherhood of Light; and the Illuminati.
So why is it in the news? Why are stupid cults ever in the news?
Ah. Because of a famous stupid cultist? Bingo. In this case, Peaches Geldof.
Daughter of Bob? Yes, that Peaches Geldof, former dabbler in Scientology and present owner-operator of a heart-shaped "OTO" tattoo.
What has she done? Tweeted a picture from one of the cult's books to her 148,000 followers with the message: "#93 _TAG_ _TAG_.t.o for all my fellow Thelemites on instagram!"
And what exactly is a Thelemite? A believer in Thelema.
Which is? The religion created by occultist, practitioner of "sex magic", "wickedest man in the world" and former head of the Order of the Oriental Templars, Aleister Crowley, based on the central tenet: "Do what thou wilt."
Meaning? Meaning, in practice, rituals based around sexual exhaustion and, for the highest level members of the Order of the Oriental Templars, instruction in secret techniques for masturbation, heterosexual and homosexual sex. Crowley wrote the religion's founding text, The Book of the Law, in 1904, after an angel and messenger of the Egyptian gods named Aiwass appeared to him while he was on holiday in Cairo with his wife. Although obviously that didn't happen.
I think she may have been better off with the Scientologists. Now there's a sad state of affairs.
Do say: "Why does anyone follow this utter charlatan?"
Don't say: "Her tweets aren't even good."


Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift, 2016
For zeotropic mixtures, the temperature varies during phase change, which is opposed to the isothermal phase change of pure fluids. The use of such mixtures as working fluids in organic Rankine cycle power plants enables a minimization of the mean temperature difference of the heat exchangers, which is beneficial for cycle performance. On the other hand, larger heat transfer surface areas are typically required for evaporation and condensation when zeotropic mixtures are used as working fluids. In order to assess the feasibility of using zeotropic mixtures, it is, therefore, important to consider the additional costs of the heat exchangers. In this study, we aim at evaluating the economic feasibility of zeotropic mixtures compared to pure fluids. We carry out a multi-objective optimization of the net power output and the component costs for organic Rankine cycle power plants using low-temperature heat at 90 ◦C to produce electrical power at around 500 kW. The primary outcomes of the study are Pareto fronts, illustrating the power/cost relations for R32, R134a and R32/R134a (0.65/0.35mole). The results indicate that R32/R134a is the best of these fluids, with 3.4 % higher net power than R32 at the same total cost of 1200 k$.
Jesper Graa Andreasen
Martin Ryhl Kærn
L. Pierobon
Ulrik Larsen
Chalmers, Sjöfart och marin teknik, Maritim miljövetenskap
Fredrik Haglind
_PHONE_ (ISSN)
Vol. 9 322
Hållbar utveckling
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comparing 5 traces to a single "base" trace. The method of comparison was to modify the contents of each 0x10 byte block in the header in the range of wrapped_thing and signature in turn, then mux the resulting trace with the base trace. This allows easy experimentation with baudline. As shown, baudline is actually performing subtraction between "channels" to produce the useful output.
This immediately gives good information about what a block looks like in the spectrogram, the time taken to process it, the fact that modifications to a single block don't have much influence on successive blocks, and most importantly, that we can feed arbitrary input into some decryption step. This implies the signature check of the header is done after decryption of wrapped_thing.
Digging into the crypto
While the above seems to bode well, there's actually a snag. It appears the bootrom uses wrapped_thing as input to a block cipher and then signature checks the header. So it seems possible to recover the key used with wrapped_thing, however it's not clear if this will give us all information needed to decrypt the ipl body. Additionally, the header is signature checked, so we can't use an improper key to decrypt an otherwise valid body, then have EMC jump into garbage and hope for the best.
In any case, I decided to try for recovery of the key used with wrapped_thing and hope I'd be able to figure out how to turn that into decryption of the body.
Baby's first DPA
Before attempting key recovery, one must first locate the exact locations in power traces which can be used to identify the cipher and extract information about the key. Starting from not much info (just know it's a 0x10 byte block cipher), we can guess it's probably AES and try to see if it makes sense. The method to do this is essentially the same as Differential Power Analysis: identify the probable location of the first sbox lookup, take a bunch of traces with varying input, then apply sum of absolute differences to determine if the acquired traces "look like" AES.
Fortunately, this process yielded very straightforward results:
(Sorry, you'll probably need to open the images at full resolution to inspect them) ^ High level view of a complete block being passed through the cipher. If you squint you may be able to discern 10 rounds. The top is a singular raw trace, while the bottom group plots the sum of differences between all traces. ^ Closer view of the sum of differences.
The above already makes it very likely to be AES. However, there is an additional check which may be done, which allows determining if the operation is encryption or decryption: ^ The same sum of differences, but making it obvious when, exactly, each bit position (of the input data) is used by the cipher. This can be easily correlated to most AES software implementations. For example, mbedtls:
_TAG_ AES_RROUND(X0,X1,X2,X3,Y0,Y1,Y2,Y3) \
{ \
 X0 = *RK++ ^ AES_RT0( ( Y0 ) & 0xFF ) ^ \
 AES_RT1( ( Y3 >> 8 ) & 0xFF ) ^ \
 AES_RT2( ( Y2 >> 16 ) & 0xFF ) ^ \
 AES_RT3( ( Y1 >> 24 ) & 0xFF ); \
//...
// in mbedtls_internal_aes_decrypt(...)
GET_UINT32_LE( X0, input, 0 ); X0 ^= *RK++;
GET_UINT32_LE( X1, input, 4 ); X1 ^= *RK++;
GET_UINT32_LE( X2, input, 8 ); X2 ^= *RK++;
GET_UINT32_LE( X3, input, 12 ); X3 ^= *RK++;
for (i = (ctx->nr >> 1) - 1; i > 0; i--) {
 AES_RROUND(Y0, Y1, Y2, Y3, X0, X1, X2, X3);
With some squinting, it can be seen that the byte accesses generated by this first sbox lookup for decryption (and not encryption) matches the above plot.
Recovering the key encryption key
With the cipher used to process wrapped_thing more or less determined, we can switch to Correlation Power Analysis and attempt key recovery using only the section of traces which concern the first sbox lookup.
Much time passes. Much confusion about how to filter traces ensues.
Eventually, after tweaking the CPA method a bit and applying some filtering to ignore noise, the key recovery was successful! The correlation needed to be changed to use AES T-tables (the logic for which is actually described in the original AES proposal) instead of the standard inverted sbox approach.
The hypothesized key was determined to be correct by running it though possible key derivation schemes which the bootrom would use, and then attempting to decrypt the first few blocks of the ipl body with the result. The winning combination was:
# process blocks previously named wrapped_thing and signature
# emc_header_key is the value recovered with CPA
def emc_decrypt_header(hdr):
 return hdr[:0x30] + aes128_cbc_iv_zero_decrypt(emc_header_key, hdr[0x30:0x80])
hdr = emc_decrypt_header(
body_aes_key = hdr[0x30:0x40]
body_len = struct.unpack('


Aims & Objectives
"Thriving through great people and superior technology"
Our Campaign Goals are:
 1. Increase the quality and number of scholarship applications
 2. Make the naval sector the highest rated preference for inward career transfers
 3. Create UKNEST Best Practice Knowledge Transfer Guidelines
 4. Create and operate a Naval Enterprise Manpower Model
 5. Increase UKNEST Membership
 1. Increase the recorded naval(ised) R&D budget
 2. Increase R&D value to the naval enterprise
 1. Create a UKNEST Brand and associated guidelines
 2. Create and operate a measurable UKNEST Communication Plan
 3. Regularly publish Thought-Leadership Articles
 4. Support other pan-naval sector initiatives (such as StartPoint)


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With Master Instructor Tim Brenton, Rock and Water Central
This professional development training offers educators and professionals a new way to interact with young people, adolescents, and adults. Through applied physical exercises you will develop an understanding of your own capabilities and methods to involve, instruct and inform others.
This workshop begins with simple body awareness exercises, boundary and communication exercises and some basic self-defence.
The workshop aims to develop self-confidence, the ability for self-reflection and respect for oneself and others.
- Powerful anti-bullying strategies
- Develops self-confidence and self-awareness
- Boundary awareness
- Communication skills and interpretation of body language cues
3 Day Workshop – $820.00 (inc GST) price includes Catering, New – hardcover Manual and Basic Exercises DVD
– ADD the Implementation Pack to your registration
$280 (inc gst) Price Includes:
- flashdrive of resources and certification for each participant.
- A2 posters (set of 18 )
- 2 certificate packs including 2 new designs
- 4 mini posters
- theory booklet
- personalised storage envelope

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Capitalism is fundamentally flawed.
Capitalism is flawed in the inverse way that communism is: that corrupt individuals will find power v. that individuals in power will be corrupted. Human nature makes any form of economics flawed to a degree.
A government without limits to its power will eventually limit the liberty of its citizens.
The purpose of a government is in some way to limit its citizens' liberties, for instance the liberty to murder or steal.
Quantum computing is fundamentally different from Binary computing, being based on the essential nature of the universe, with grand philosophical implications, one of which being that we live in a simulation.
The implications of quantum computing have nothing to do with its nature, which is fundamentally similar to binary computing.
Centrism should be the only logical political viewpoint of rational human beings
Abstainment from a political party does not exclude one from non-centrist political views.


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July 31, 1998 Writer: Cathy Keen, _EMAIL_
Sources: Barbara Probert, Edward Delgado-Romero, _PHONE_
GAINESVILLE, Fla. --- To the fear of math, flying and other stressful problems of modern high-tech life add 'computerphobia,' say University of Florida psychologists.
Just as a single bad experience can discourage people from balancing a checkbook, calculating a tip or doing other simple math tasks, it also can lead to computer anxiety, said Barbara Probert, a UF psychologist who has researched the fear of math and led confidence workshops on the subject for more than a decade.
"Even well-meaning kidding can do harm," said Edward Delgado-Romero, who, like Probert, is a professor at UF's counseling center and sees computer-anxious students. "If you have a bad experience on the computer and people start teasing, you could become known as the one who doesn't know computers and it becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy."
Some of the techniques for dealing with math anxiety also work for computer anxiety, said Probert, who has found it may only take only one bad experience with a teacher or a struggle with a poorly written textbook to give children the lifelong impression they cannot do well in math.
"One of the most important steps is for people to re-examine their beliefs about themselves and become aware of any negative self-talk," Probert said. "The second step is to be as encouraging to themselves as they would be to a friend. They wouldn't say to a friend, 'You're too stupid to learn.'"
Thinking and saying things such as 'I am not mechanically inclined' or 'I keep making mistakes,' reinforces fears and makes success more difficult, Probert said. Even the smartest people lose files on their computers, forget how to perform simple functions and have bad days, she said.
Just as it helps people who lack confidence about math to visualize themselves as being good with numbers, people anxious about computers can overcome their fears by picturing themselves as masters of software and hardware, Probert said.
Thinking of something you excel at and remembering all the practice and effort it took to become that way also is valuable, Delgado-Romero said. "If you're good at rollerblading, for example, you know that very few people are good at it the first day they try it," he said. "They usually fall down. Learning how to use the computer is no different than mastering any other skill."
Simplify the process by realizing that while it may be natural to want to understand how computers work, it's not necessary, Probert said. "Just as you don't have to know how your car works in order to drive it, you don't need to know how to program a computer in order to use it," she said.
In many ways, 'computerphobia' is a generational issue. Many of today's children grow up in homes and classrooms with computers, so they feel more comfortable with the technology than adults do, Probert said. Adults may find learning a new skill so daunting because they are accustomed to being competent in a wide variety of areas, she said.
Students sometimes adjust more quickly than their professors, Probert said. "The thing that amazes me is now we're as apt to get a student who is addicted to using computers and not interacting with real people enough as we are someone who is anxious about using computers," she said.
Some students may spend hours on the Internet or in chat rooms, which, if they happen to be in a relationship, often alienates their partner, Delgado-Romero said. "We've even seen cases of some people who are engaged over the Internet and the first time they met was after they were engaged," he said.
Still, Delgado-Romero said, computers have been a boon to many, such as international students. While living far away from home, these students can ease their homesickness with e-mail, which is much quicker than letters or phone calls and costs little or nothing, he said.
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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by University Of Florida.
Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Salem witch trials essay examples 194 total results a literary analysis of a major theme in the crucible by arthur miller 1,268 words 3 pages. The witch hunts were an example of medieval cruelty and others held comparatively few trials brian a ten common errors and myths about the witch hunts. Web resources salem witchcraft trials includes primary sources--documents and images--relating to the trials of 1692 and an informative introductory essay that recounts events in salem at. History other essays: roman catholicism how witchcraft became gendered and the misogyny that ensued way for witch trials and even set out. What is sexism feminist theorists defined sexism and fought against it feminist philosophy: two definitions and some examples what is radical feminism. Essays on the salem witch trials - get started with essay writing and conclusion amor propio essay sample from american history of misogyny in his. The salem witchcraft trials in massachusetts during 1692 resulted in nineteen innocent men and women being hanged, one man pressed to death, and in the deaths.
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Deaf Studies Courses
The RIT Deaf Cultural Studies program employs a cultural studies framework in which to examine the Deaf experience and social/cultural constructs. As such, the program does not view deafness as a pathology or disability. In addition to studying Deaf culture, students develop critical consciousness of power-relationships and social justice, as well as an understanding of individual and social identity with specific reference to the Deaf experience. Focusing on the Deaf experience, students study how meaning is created and shared via the power of cultural institutions and values and how institutions and values impact the formation of identities, social roles, and expectations. For more information concerning courses and other related resources, visit the Deaf Studies website.


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Making sense of the noise
Sometimes peace is not the absence of noise, but rather the "ordering" of the chaos within the noise so we begin to hear clearly and find the answers we seek. John F. Kennedy may have said the following about the absence of war, but it bears truth we all need to consider: "Peace is a daily, a weekly, a monthly process, gradually changing opinions, slowly eroding old barriers, quietly building new structures." He might have been talking about how nations and peoples stop fighting against each other, taking up the stand of peaceful resolution to their issues, but it is this idea of peace being a process of gradual change, the removal of barriers, and the erecting of new structures in their place which really tells us a great deal about true peace. It isn't the absence of movement or thought - it is the "putting into right order" the actions one takes or the way one begins to consider a matter before them.
Peace often comes when we begin to look beyond ourselves. In the chaos of our actions and thoughts, we find it hard to find order. We don't realize the very thing we might need to actually "know peace" is to look beyond what we have been trying to keep "in order" within our lives all under our own power or ability. Order is often the result of a process - no change occurs until the process is fulfilled. Many of us have garages. Ever notice how they can go from being orderly to cluttered and scattered with all manner of "stuff" in kind of short order? In the most literal sense, the garage became a "dumping ground" for stuff we didn't know where else to place, along with all the stuff which actually has a place in the garage. The shop vac has a place and a purpose in the garage. The wrenches on your workbench had a place and a purpose in the garage. Yet, when these are out of place, "disorder" is what we are looking at when we gaze upon the clutter in the garage. Add to the clutter things like the last two weeks of newspapers which have not made it past the back door, or the quickly shed ten pairs of shoes which have collected on the stoop and you have increased the disorder!
The "clutter" or "disorder" of our lives is often something which took a "process" to accomplish - why would we think it wouldn't take a "process" to get us back to a place of order? In some sense, we kind of lift a prayer to God, expecting him to wave some wand of "peacefulness" over our lives and all these things which took time to actually get so "out of order" in our lives to somehow just fall into place. Disorder isn't the absence of order - it is the "putting in right order" the things which should remain, getting rid of the stuff which should have no place there, and then using what has been place in right order in the way it was intended to be used. In the sense of the garage, I need to take the shoes to the closets and the papers to the dumpster! The wrenches on the bench need to be hung on the pegboard, the "pieces" of life which collected there need to be put onto their shelves or in their drawers, and the shop vac needs to clean up the debris left behind when all this is said and done! In the terms of my life, I may need to be as intentional about the "right ordering" of the stuff I have allowed to build into utter chaos in order to be able to find that stuff useful in my life once again!
As I often teach, all action begins with thought - we just don't "do" stuff without some kind of thought. It might not be the thought we just considered, but trust me on this one, we considered it at some point down the road and even now, those thoughts have the potential to put into action some kind of response on our behalf. This is why it is so important to find peace in our thought life - getting the stuff out of there which doesn't have a place, setting in right order the stuff which does actually serve a good purpose, and then using the stuff we call thought in the way it is intended! It is a process of gradual changing of the way we think, erecting new patterns of thought, until one day we see the evidence of the strong structure of ordered and peaceful thought! Yes, God can settle our minds in an instant, but if all the clutter of chaotic thought remains in the recesses, we will be tripping over discarded shoes and unread newspapers for a long, long time!
For right actions to emerge, we begin with thought. What we "consider" matters. That which is considered is acknowledged as useful - it serves a purpose, so we give it "credence" in our lives. Sometimes we give stuff credence which really has no purpose - we have acknowledged it as important, but in reality it is something quite unnecessary or even harmful to us. We need to do more than just take a casual approach to what we acknowledge as truth - we need to test it and allow it to show the true value in it before we just acknowledge it and make it "truth" we adopt in our lives. To consider also means we spend time examining the object or issue before us - we don't just gloss over it, but really examine every "nook and cranny" of the matter. As a nurse, I can do a quick, down-and-dirty assessment of my patient. It might allow me to begin to give life-sustaining actions which are important at the very moment (such as when I see you have difficulty breathing and administer oxygen). Not every immediate action should become the "pattern" by which we act each and every time. Sometimes we just need to do a more thorough examination of what is in front of us (or in the forefront of our minds) and find out what "really" is at the heart of the issue at hand. Oxygen may cause you to "pink up" a little, breathing a little easier, but if I never realize you have pneumonia because I don't listen to your lungs, I could just be masking the real issue! Remember, peace is not the absence of noise, it is the right-ordering of the chaos so you make sense of the noise! Just sayin!
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The Kongolese Saint Anthony: Dona Beatriz Kimpa Vita and the Antonian Movement, 1684–1706
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This book tells the story of the Christian religious movement led by Dona Beatriz Kimpa Vita in the Kingdom of Kongo from 1704 until her death, by burning at the stake, in 1706. Beatriz, a young woman, claimed to be possessed by St Anthony, argued that Jesus was a Kongolese, and criticized Italian Capuchin missionaries in her country for not supporting black saints. The movement was largely a peace movement, with a following among the common people, attempting to stop the devastating cycle of civil wars between contenders for the Kongolese throne. Thornton supplies background information on the Kingdom, the development of Catholicism in Kongo since 1491, the nature and role of local warfare in the Atlantic slave trade, and contemporary everyday life, as well as sketching the lives of some local personalities.
Table of Contents
1. A land in turmoil
2. The rival kings
3. Priests and witches in catholic Kongo
4. The crisis in faith and force
5. Saint Anthony arrives
6. The saint and the kings
7. Saint Anthony in sin and glory
8. Facing the fire
9. The war for peace


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I guess I was too much into NIME-organization back in March, to notice the launch of the The Million Song Dataset. It contains no audio, but 300 GB worth of metadata about 1 million popular music songs. This sounds like hours of great fun for music researchers around the world, and will probably also be a great resource for music students working on MIR-applications. I would also expect that it is possible to use this for a number of creative applications.
Here is a quote from the press release:
For far too long, researchers and engineers working on Music Information Retrieval (MIR) have been forced to pay a hefty ante before being able to conduct their research: namely, they've had to build a set of data on which test their theories and hone their algorithms.
It may have started as a flippant suggestion for how to solve that problem, but The Million Song Dataset is now real, and anyone can download it. A collaboration between The Echo Nest and Columbia University's LabROSA department (Laboratory for the Recognition and Organization of Speech and Audio), The Million Song Dataset has four main objectives:
- To encourage research on algorithms that scale to commercial sizes
- To provide a reference dataset for evaluating research
- As a shortcut alternative to creating a large dataset with The Echo Nest's API
- To help new researchers get started in the MIR field.
What could you say but thanks!


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INTRODUCTION: The stratum corneum is the biggest obstacle in cosmetics with respect to skin moisturisation. Many approaches have been taken to overcome the barrier, one of which is incorporating natural cosmeceuticals into cosmetic products to enhance moisturisation effects. Here, a commercial facemask formulation was electrospun to develop dry facemasks capable of hosting cosmeceuticals within the pores of incorporated mesoporous silica. METHODS: Ethanolic solutions containing 40% w/w of the marketed facemask (7th Heaven Dead Sea peel-off facemask) and mesoporous silica were prepared and electrically processed at 30 μL min-1 at an applied voltage of 12 ± 2 kV. In vitro characterisation and release studies using fluorescein dye as a model probe were carried out. RESULTS: SEM images confirmed the fibrous nature of the resulting matrix; showing an average fiber diameter of 298.32 nm. The electrospun mask was found to be advantageous due to this fibrous nature providing high active loading capacity whilst demonstrating 100% probe release within 60 min. Contact Angle hysteresis, thermal analysis and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) presented evidence of compatibility and stability of and within the formulation. CONCLUSION: Adapting the formulation of a commercial polymeric facemask into an electrospun facemask has shown the versatility of the electrospinning process; now successfully crossing over into the cosmetic industry.
- face mask


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James Joule, English physicist, 1882.
© Science Museum / Science & Society Picture Library
Engraving. James Joule (_PHONE_) is best known for his experimental establishment of the mechanical theory of heat. In 1847 Joule met the Scottish physicist William Thomson, Baron Kelvin of Largs (_PHONE_), who recognised the importance of Joule's work and went on to collaborate with him on a series of papers. In 1848 Joule became a fellow of the Royal Society. From 1852 Joule and Thomson worked together to try and verify predications made previously by Thomson in relation to thermodynamics. This led to the so-called Joule-Thomson effect, based on a slight deviation from the work on gases by H V Regnault. Following his wife's death in 1854, and then his own declining health from 1872, Joule undertook little work at the end of his life.


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The Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR), New Delhi is inviting applications from foreign students for grant of ICCR Scholarships to pursue higher studies at the Undergraduate, Post Graduate, and Ph.D. level in Indian Educational Institutes/Universities for the Academic Year 2021-2022.
- Applicants should be between 18-30years at the time of admission.
- Applicants can apply to 5 universities /institutions in order of preference.
- Applicants should visit the university/institute's website for detailed guides before applying.
- The marks sheets of levels 10 and 10+2 of school and other relevant documents required by the university must be uploaded along with transcripts in English.
- A 500-word essay in English needs to be submitted to ascertain English proficiency. Students can also submit their TOFEL/IELTS/ Standardized Test scores, if available.
- Universities/Institutions may also conduct an online interview for applicants.
- Shortlisted students would appear for personal interview and verification at the Indian High Commission.
- Health Certificate is important.


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Fenugreek diabetes can control both glucose & cholesterol levels in blood, additionally nourishes digestive system, liver and promotes respiratory health.
What is Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum)?
Trigonella foenum-graecum is a plant of the family Fabaceae; leaves are useful as herb and their yellow colored seeds as a spice. Fenugreek is cultivated in Nepal, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, China, Egypt, France, Spain, Turkey, and Morocco.
Fenugreek has been in use for centuries for various female conditions, brain and nervous system problems, skin, liver and metabolic disorders. It is also beneficial for respiratory and gastrointestinal problems.
How does fenugreek lower your sugar level?
Fennugreek slows down the absorption of glucose, and other simple carbohydrates. It is due to its mucilaginous fiber content and high viscosity formation in the gut. Additionally, fenugreek shows improvement in HDL-cholesterol levels (31% increase).
How does fenugreek lower your risk for heart diseases and strokes?
Fenugreek possesses antioxidant property in the presence of glutathione and beta-carotene in their seeds. This prevents the oxidation of LDL cholesterol, thus stops inflammation of arteries, and no plaque formation. Therefore, fenugreek reduces the risk of atherosclerosis and heart diseases.
Medicinal benefits of Fenugreek
Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) has traditionally in use for the treatment of diabetes.
- Fenugreek traditionally used to promote digestion, improve appetite and to support respiratory health. The high-fiber seeds also provide support for healthy bowel function, and its lecithin content promotes fat metabolism. Provide relief from digestion-related conditions such as pain, cramps, intestinal gas, stomach bloating, diarrhea, and restore digestion.
- Relief chronic cough, sore throat, treats skin irritations, anemia, bad breath, respiratory infections, and mouth ulcers.
- Fenugreek helps menopausal symptoms, induces childbirth, increases milk supply in lactating women, fenugreek tea made of fenugreek leaves can relieve arthritis pain.
- Traditional Chinese Medicine (names as Hu Lu Ba) use fenugreek seeds, they consider fenugreek could warm and tonify kidneys. Swallowing 2 to 3 grams of fenugreek seeds early in the morning in an empty stomach, before brushing the teeth and having morning tea or coffee can help heal joint pains without any side effects.
Fenugreek recommended daily dosage
Fenugreek to help reduces high blood sugar levels, your daily dosage may be between10 to 30 g defatted seed powder each day. If you are taking fenugreek as a tincture, take three to four mL dose, three times each day.
Fenugreek available in different forms
Fenugreek is commercially available in different forms as raw fenugreek seeds, defatted fenugreek seed powder, tablets, capsules, and tincture.
How do you take Fenugreek?
Take one-teaspoon fenugreek seed and add it into one cup of water, boil and steep it for 5 to 10 minutes. Remove from heat and drink with or without sweetener (Stevia). You can take fenugreek tea as a hot or cold drink.
Bioactive constituents of Fenugreek
Fenugreek seeds contain alkaloid trigonelline and protein high in lysine and L-tryptophan. Fenugreek has steroidal saponins; diosgenin, yamogenin, tigogenin, and neotigogenin. Mucilaginous fiber has beneficial effects on lowering blood-sugar-levels.
Scientific evidence for Fenugreek as sugar natural herb
Effects of fenugreek seeds on blood glucose and serum lipids in type I diabetes by Sharma RD, Raghuram TC, Rao NS published in Eur J Clin Nutr. 1990 Apr;44(4):301-6. The study shows fenugreek diet significantly reduced fasting blood sugar and improved the glucose tolerance test. There was a 54 per cent reduction in 24-h urinary glucose excretion. It significantly reduces in serum total cholesterol, LDL and VLDL cholesterol and triglycerides. These results indicate the usefulness of fenugreek seeds in the management of diabetes.
Effect of Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) seeds on glycaemic control and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a double-blind placebo controlled study by Gupta A, Gupta R, Lal B published in J Assoc Physicians India. 2001 Nov; 49:1057-61. The study shows adjunct use of fenugreek seeds improves glycemic control and decreases insulin resistance in mild type-2 diabetic patients. There is also a favourable effect on hypertriglyceridemia.
Possible side effects & medicine interaction of Fenugreek
While Fenugreek is generally considering being safe when used moderately, there have been reports of a few minor side effects. Nausea is one common side effect, while other people have reported gastrointestinal discomfort (diarrhea and/or gas). It is not recommendable to use fenugreek during pregnancy, since it has the potential to induce labor.


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Harpago chiragra is the second largest of the Strombidae in the Marshalls, second only to Lambis truncata. It is common on both lagoon and seaward reefs, including the large flat-topped lagoon pinnacles. They are typically on sand or rubble, or sometimes on hard substrate. Adults are nearly always seen paired, with a large female accompanied by one, or rarely, a couple of smaller males. Like the large Lambis truncata, this species is protected (at least where divers from Kwajalein are concerned), although the initial protection recommendations from Fish & Wildlife and the Kwajalein Army regulations on the issue both misidentified it as Lambis scorpius, a very different and much smaller species. More comments about this under L. truncata. The individual in the first two photos below had unusually long and recurved "fingers."
The eyeballs peek out over the opeculum in this aperture view.
Juveniles have thin outer lips on the shell and lack the fingers.
Here the green proboscis bearing the mouth can be seen between the two eye stalks in this juvenile specimen.
As the fingers develop, they remain hollow for a while until they eventually fill in.
The specimen below was putting down an egg mass, seen as the whitish sandy area just to the right of the shell. Like some of the other Strombidae species, H. chiragra mixes up its eggs in a sand and mucus slurry the holds together while the eggs develop. What surprised me is that this female is still rather young, with fingers that have not completely filled out.
Here's another young one getting ready to flip.
Created 1 October 2009
Updated 22 November 2011
Return to strombid list
Kwajalein Underwater home


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Photo Date: 1983
Photo Number: 084 081 001
The Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plant is located in south central Ohio, approximately 32 kilometers (20 miles) north of Portsmouth, Ohio, and 112 kilometers (70 miles) south of Columbus, Ohio. The site is situated on a 1,483-hectare (3,708-acre) federal reservation
approximately 6.5 kilometers (4 miles) south of the Village of Piketon. Construction of the Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plant began in late 1952 to expand the Federal Government's gaseous diffusion program already in place at Oak Ridge, Tennessee and Paducah, Kentucky. The facility was built to increase the production of enriched uranium at rates substantially above the other two facilities because highly-enriched uranium was required for use in nuclear submarine reactors, and low-enriched uranium was needed for commercial nuclear power plants. The first process cell went online in September 1954. A gas centrifuge uranium enrichment program was initiated in the early 1980s at Portsmouth. However, full operation was never implemented for the centrifuge process. Since 1991, the plant has produced only low-enriched uranium for use as fuel in commercial nuclear power plants.
Created by John Pike
Maintained by Webmaster
Updated Tuesday, December 30, 1997 10:19:25 AM


May 28, 2021
Community-Driven Water Purificiation to Combat Scarcity & Infrastructure Deficits
How community-driven water purification is overcoming scarcity & infrastructure deficits
Dupont Water, water treatment
In many places in both developed and developing economies, the supply of freshwater is under tremendous strain as the population grows. This is especially true in urban areas where the demand for resources is concentrated into a confined space. Despite progress, the United Nations (UN) estimates that 2.2 billion people still lack safely managed drinking water and 3 billion people lack basic handwashing facilities at home, depriving them of a vital way of combatting viruses, like the coronavirus. Water is scarce.
Digging deeper for water or relying on the river is not always an easy option, at least not without effective treatment, due to inherent high levels of fluorides and salts and increasing levels of nitrate and phosphorous pollutants from agricultural runoff. Building new centralized infrastructure or expanding capacities, if at all, is often only a long-term option.
Community-Driven Water Purification
To overcome this, many regions are installing water purification systems that have one key element: they are owned and run by the local community. One example is in Temba, north of Pretoria in the Republic of South Africa. Here, a new solar-powered borehole pumps raw water to a multi-stage purification system on the site of the Reneilwe Primary School. The ultrafiltration (UF) membrane and ultraviolet (UV) light system can supply up to 2,000 liters of healthy drinking water per hour, serving the local community and neighboring Itereleng Primary School by means of an on-site water kiosk.
DuPont paid for the borehole and solar plant, and donated the water treatment technology. Five "water champions" from the community have been trained in the operation and maintenance of the technology, which is highly automated but still requires a basic level of technical supervision.
The project was inaugurated on the 2021 World Water Day, March 22. Developed in partnership between the South African N.G.O. Kusini Water, the U.S. embassy and DuPont, it provides a lifeline for the health and well-being of the community. In South Africa, one out of three schools do not have access to safe water and clean sanitation, putting schoolchildren at risk of serious sickness from waterborne diseases and keeping pupils, especially girls, away from school.
The community of Temba is now one of more than 30 sites in the country that Kusini have helped in their mission to provide 5 million people with 5 million liters of safe water in five years. Putting the system in the hands of citizens not only ensure the system's sustainability but also enables long-term impact on how people value and treat water. The topic and the technology has featured prominently in school lessons and the water kiosk is a focal point for the community.
Comparable community projects were completed in the last two years across the African continent. In drought-stricken Serdo, northeast of Addis Ababa, for example, abject disappointment followed the discovery of unsafe levels of fluoride and salt in the groundwater coming from their new borehole (one of dozens that had to subsequently be capped in the Great Rift Valley). Hope returned with the installation of 16 DuPont reverse osmosis (RO) elements. 5,000 liters of water per hour are now being purified, unleashing health and economic prosperity for 2,000 citizens. Kenyans suffer from a similar problem, with an estimated 20 million nationals afflicted with teeth and bone fluorosis.
The Little Sisters of St. Francis, who run the Kasarani hospital northeast of Nairobi, took on the problem for 6,000 people in their community not least at the hospital, and oversaw the installation of a combined UF and nanofiltration purification system that reduces fluoride to a safe 1.5 ppm. The Sisters pass on the benefits of this pure water to the local community, as well, selling it at a price of $0.4 for 20 liters compared to $20 citizens were typically paying in the supermarket for the same amount.
water, kiosk
What is a Circular Economy Approach?
This circular economy approach is not only limited to Africa. Desalitech Closed-Circuit Reverse Osmosis (CCRO) technology recovers up to 95% of water from unconventional sources, making reuse on-site a viable alternative to a lineal supply and discharge of water. So, for example, in downtown San Francisco a CCRO solution is at the heart of solving one headache for the subway metro station while supplying water to the neighborhood power plant.
Clearway Energy (previously NRG), who runs the steam generation plant, was once one of San Francisco's biggest freshwater consumers, pumping it in from the surrounding water-scarce region. The CCRO enabled them to utilize the polluted leaching runoff water, also taking the burden of disposal off the transportation company (SFPUC). The challenges were many — the need for high recovery given the limited and costly brine disposal alternatives; the need to purify source water that would constantly alternate between the runoff stream, municipal supply, groundwater and rainwater; and the need for total reliability and fully autonomous operation given the criticality of the steam generation and the lack of water expertise at the plant.
The project cost $3.75 million, including runoff water filtration, pumping, piping, a new well and the UF-RO system. The result is an annual savings of $1.8 million and 50 million gallons of potable water and a new "sustainable steam" product for the plant.
As even the most advanced water treatment technology becomes increasingly automated and reliable, the opportunities for communities to install and run their own systems are gaining momentum, helping connect more people and possibilities to flow.
About the author
Alexander Lane is commercial director for DuPont Water Solutions. Lane can be reached through Milena Yordanova at [email protected].


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Where is Home? New Brunswick Communities Past and Present
Community name search
Located on Brothers Cove, 5.39 km NW of Saint John
: St. John County
: named for Thomas Millidge (_PHONE_), merchant, magistrate and Member of the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick, and Thomas Edward Millidge (_PHONE_) who was a shipbuilder for 33 years: PO _PHONE_: in 1866 Millidgeville was a farming, lumbering and shipbuilding community with about 40 families: in 1871 it had a population of 300: in 1898 Millidgeville had 1 post office, 4 stores, 1 hotel, 1 church, 1 hall, 1 sawmill and a population of 350: Millidgeville is now within the city of Saint John.
County location in province
County map showing parishes
New Brunswick cadastral maps show the basic features of the province along with the boundaries, lot number, and grantee's name for land granted by the province. These maps are cumulative, showing all grants regardless of date.
the full size version.


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Archaeologists might have finally found the cave of the Lone Woman of San Nicolas Island, whose solitary 18-year stay on a tiny island off the
California coast inspired the children's classic "Island of the Blue Dolphins."
"The cave had been completely buried under several meters of
sand. It is quite large and would
have made a very comfortable home, especially in inclement weather," Navy archaeologist Steven Schwartz said at the California Islands Symposium last week in Ventura.
One of the most famous people associated with the Channel Islands, the Lone Woman belonged to the Nicoleno, a Native American tribe who lived on the remote wind-blasted island of San Nicolas off the Southern California coast.
The tribe was decimated in 1814 by sea otter hunters from Alaska. By 1835, less than a dozen Nicolenos lived on the island. At that time, the Santa Barbara Mission arranged a rescue operation which brought to the mainland all Nicoleños but the Lone Woman.
The most likely explanation for the abandonment is that a panicked crew, caught by a storm, turned the rescue schooner, named Peor es Nada ("Better Than nothing"), toward the mainland without much head counting.
The woman lived alone on the island until a fisherman and sea otter hunter found her in 1853 and brought her to the Santa Barbara Mission.
"She was found in a brush enclosure on the west end of the island,
but she is believed to have lived in a cave during most of her 18 years of isolation," Schwartz, who has been investigating the island for more than 20 years, said.
Since there is no known habitation cave on the tiny island — which is now a Navy base — the archaeologist concluded that the cavern must have collapsed and been buried.
The search took a new twist recently, when Schwartz obtained a unique document: a government survey map of the island dated from 1879 which pointed to an "Indian Cave" on the southwest coast.
Preliminary excavation revealed a cave which is at least 75 feet long and 10 feet high.
According to Schwartz, ground-penetrating radar might show a layer of relics from the Lone Woman's era — "perhaps even the markings she was said to have made on the walls," he told the Los Angeles Times.
Further evidence for some sort of Robinson
Crusoe struggling existence emerged two years ago from a steep cliff on the north coast of the island in the form of two redwood boxes.
They contained more than 200 objects, including shells, bone tools, harpoon points, bone fishhooks and even a smoking pipe.
It may never be known just who left the boxes, but "it's at least a reasonable hypothesis" that it was the Lone Woman, University of Oregon archaeologist Jon M. Erlandson told the Los Angeles Times.
Although the Lone Woman managed to live alone for 18 years on the wild, tiny island, she did not last long when she came back to "civilization" at a possible age of 50.
She died from dysentery only seven weeks after she arrived to the Santa Barbara Mission, unable to communicate, but totally fascinated by the new life she was discovering.
Indeed, her great fondness for food such as green corn, vegetables and fresh fruit, was probably the cause for her fatal illness.
On her deathbed, the Lone Woman was baptised and christened Juana Maria.
All her personal possession, including the bone tools which had been brought back from San Nicolas Island, became part of the collections of the California Academy of Sciences, but were destroyed in the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and fire.
Photo: A photo of the Lone Woman of San Nicolas Island. Credit: Wikimedia Commons.


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Saturday, August 11, 2012
National Institute of Health (NIH): Prevention and Treatment of Swimmer's Shoulder
Photos and exercises included...
From the NIH:
Swimmer's shoulder is a musculoskeletal condition that results in symptoms in the area of the anterior lateral aspect of the shoulder, sometimes confined to the subacromial region. The onset of symptoms may be associated with impaired posture, glenohumeral joint mobility, neuromuscular control, or muscle performance. Additionally, training errors such as overuse, misuse, or abuse may also contribute to this condition. In extreme cases, patients with swimmer's shoulder may have soft tissue pathology of the rotator cuff, long head of the biceps, or glenoid labrum. Physical therapists involved in the treatment of competitive swimmers should focus on prevention and early treatment, addressing the impairments associated with this condition, and analyzing training methods and stroke mechanics. The purpose of this clinical commentary is to provide an overview of the biomechanics of swimming, the etiology of the clinical entity referred to as swimmer's shoulder, and strategies for injury prevention and treatment.


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Gone are the days of traveling light!
Remember all the stuff you carried around when your child was an infant? Double or triple that load. Now you're approaching the amount of toys, snacks, clothes, and gear you'll need to keep your toddler comfortable and entertained.
Here's a checklist of things you'll need on the road, plus tips for easy, efficient packing.
- Diaper bag
- Diapers – Bring extras Beybiko Diapers 30 pcs per pack in case of emergencies or delays.
- Changing pads – You can buy disposable changing pads at supermarkets or reusable ones at baby stores.
- Blankets – Bring a few for comfort, shade, and warmth.
- Plastic bags – Carry a few medium-size bags for storing soiled diapers, clothes, and shoes.
- Disinfecting hand gel
- Small bottles of toiletries, such as your child's shampoo
- Toddler toothbrush and toothpaste
- Toys and books – Your child's favorites, plus some new ones to give as surprises along the way. Bring sturdy toys without parts that are easy to lose.
- Your child's lovey – Comfort objects like favorite blankie and teddy bear.
- Clothes, socks, and shoes -Packing one or two outfits per day is a good guideline. Denim and dark colors are good for hiding dirt and stains. Prepare for weather changes by packing clothes that can be layered. Don't forget the jammies!
- Bathing suit – You never know when it will come in handy. (Remember to pack a swim diaper too.) Outerwear If there's a chance you might need them, don't forget warm coats, hats, mittens, and boots
- Washable bibs
- Sun hat and sunscreen
- Sippy cups, canteens, or water bottles – Encourage your toddler to drink plenty of liquid to prevent dehydration, especially when flying. (It's a good idea to have extra water on hand for everybody).
- Lightweight plastic feeding set with utensils
- Portable highchair
- Snack food Don't forget high-energy snacks for yourself too!
- First-aid kit Be sure it includes pain reliever and supplies for treating minor injuries
- Laundry soap
- Socket protectors (or painter's tape) – Use these to childproof rooms at your destination.
- Portable crib or play yard – You'll need to bring along one of these unless your toddler sleeps with you, or you've arranged for a crib at your destination.
- Car seat
- Collapsible stroller – Can usually be gate-checked if you're flying
- Start preparing to pack a few days before you travel. Keep a running list of things to bring, or set out items on a table or dresser as you think of them.
- Pack an extra outfit for yourself in your carry-on bag – just in case.
- Prevent leaks by packing medicines and toiletries in resealable plastic bags.
- Don't forget chargers and cords for your phone and other devices.


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Open or Save PDF
files in Netscape
When a file in.PDF format ( the adobe acrobat format), is attached, it does not display
when the Netscape browser is used. (It will display using Internet Explorer). So, to
access a file in.PDF format when using Netscape do the following:
1. With the cursor over the file, right click on the mouse.
2. The menu shown here will appear. Select "Save Link As".
3. When "Save Link As" is selected, the "Save As" dialog box will
4. Select the path where the file should be saved (H: drive, C: drive, etc.) and click on
the "Save" button at the bottom right hand side of the box.
5. Using Windows Explorer or the "My Computer" function in windows, select
(double click) the file that was downloaded and it will launch in Adobe Acrobat.
TO AVOID THIS TROUBLE, USE Microsoft Internet Explorer to read PDF files.


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|Scheffrahn, R - UNIV OF FLORIDA|
|Su, N - UNIV OF FLORIDA|
Submitted to: Sociobiology
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: March 1, 1997
Publication Date: N/A
Interpretive Summary: Heat treatments for the control of drywood termite infestations were investigated. The two major drywood termite pests of Florida were tested for their heat tolerance. Additional studies were conducted to determine the influence of relative humidity, the rate of temperature increase, and the temperature at which the termites were raised on termite heat tolerance. We found that effective eastern drywood termite control could be achieved when exposed to temperatures of 48 or 50 C for 10 or 4 minutes, respectively. Neither humidity nor the temperature at which the termites were raised had an effect of heat tolerance. However, the termites were more sensitive to slower than more rapid heating rates. Although the current heat treatment recommendations may be excessive they should be effective at controlling infestations by these species. Expenses could be reduced by decreasing the temperate or exposure time of the treatment.
Technical Abstract: Heat tolerance studies were conducted against CryHeaptotermes brevis and Incisitermes snyderi pseudergates to determine temperature and heating time requirements at target sites for controlling structural infestations. Complete mortality of C. brevis was obtained following exposure times of 4 and 10 min at 50 and 48 C, respectively, while I. snyderi required a minimum 15 min exposure at 50 C. Relative humilities (RH, ca 10, 50, and 90%) did not significantly influence the heat tolerance of C. brevis. Mortality was similar in termites exposed to these RH levels within exposure times (25, 35, and 45 min) when termites were heated to 45 C indicating that the amount of water vapor in the air had no effect on heat tolerance of this species. The rate at which the temperature was increased significantly affected C. brevis mortality only at 50 C with a 1 min hold time. Pseudergates treated with the slowest temperature increase (0.5 C/min) had the highest mortality compared with the more rapid increases (1.0 and 3.0 C/min). Gradual acclimation of C. brevis pseudergates at 35 C for 10 d had no significant effect on heat tolerance. The recommended commercial exposure of 54.4 C internal wood temperature for 60 min will achieve control of economically important drywood termites in Florida and could be substantially reduced if temperature of all target sites can be monitored


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July 28, 2009 Prairie lakes that expand greatly in area during wet cycles are more likely to have elevated mercury levels soon after, South Dakota State University research suggests.
That's one finding in a study by recent Ph.D. graduate Trevor Selch and his adviser, adjunct associate professor Steve Chipps of SDSU's Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences Department. Chipps is also assistant unit leader for fisheries with the South Dakota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, a part of the U.S. Geological Survey.
Selch is now a fisheries pollution control biologist for Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks.
Chipps said the study helped answer why South Dakota first began to see high mercury levels in fish from some lakes in the years after about 2000 — first in Bitter Lake, then in other lakes that include Highway 81 lakes, Lake Isabel, Lake Hurley, North Island Lake, Pudwell Dam, Roosevelt Lake, and Twin Lakes.
"By the time we got started with the research in 2004, we had about six lakes that had mercury advisories on them," Chipps said. "The question was, why do these particular lakes have high mercury concentration? Prior to that in South Dakota we really hadn't had any mercury advisories to speak of."
Though the health benefits of eating fish are well documented, human exposure to methylmercury from contaminated fish can pose a variety of health risks, with the severity depending on the amount of mercury consumed. The fetus and young children are considered much more sensitive than adults. Frequent exposure during childhood can damage the central nervous system and affect neurological function (with possible effects on learning, muscle development, motor function, and attention). In adults, high levels of mercury can harm the kidneys and brain and have also been linked to increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
Chipps said that research from other Midwestern lakes doesn't explain high fish mercury concentrations in South Dakota's lakes. The scientific literature suggested that lakes with low pH and low in productivity tend to have higher mercury levels. But in South Dakota, many lakes tend to have elevated pH levels, and those with high mercury levels are generally productive water bodies.
Chipps said Selch studied Landsat satellite imagery for the years since the 1980s to pin down the connection to surface area.
"He was able to look at the satellite images and then digitize the lakes before they flooded and then after they flooded," Chipps said. "And what we found was that lakes that expanded dramatically tended to have higher mercury concentrations than those that didn't expand as much."
The finding makes sense because there is mercury in the atmosphere from sources such as coal-fired power plants, and some of that mercury is continually deposited on the earth's surface. When lakes expand their surface area, more of that mercury ends up in the water and in the food web.
"It's tied pretty strongly to the atmospheric deposition, which is to a large extent human-induced. But what's incorporating it into our lakes is the natural cycle of wet and dry periods," Chipps said.
Mercury's effects on reproductive success in fish
Some South Dakota lakes with elevated mercury concentrations don't show very good natural reproduction in walleyes and perch, Chipps noted — a fact that could be related to a range of factors, including lack of suitable spawning habitat. But the SDSU study included lab experiments to assess mercury as a factor in reproductive success.
"We created five different mercury concentrations in the water. Then we had some eggs and some milt, or sperm from the males, that we used to fertilize the eggs at different mercury concentrations," Chipps said. "What Trevor found there was that the higher the mercury concentration in the water, the fewer eggs that were actually fertilized."
The control — with no mercury in the water — showed fertilization success of about 70 percent. But there was a steep decline in fertilization success as mercury concentrations increased.
"Our highest concentration was about 1 milligram of mercury per liter, which is pretty high for methylmercury concentration in the water. It's higher than what we would see in the natural environment. We just wanted to be sure we were covering the extremes. And there our fertilization success was only about 10 percent," Chipps said.
Though the experiment doesn't address other factors in reproductive success in fisheries, Chipps said, it clearly shows that high concentrations of mercury in water have a negative effect.
Mercury levels vary by season
The SDSU researchers also looked at how mercury concentration varies seasonally in fish.
"What we found pretty consistently is that mercury concentrations in walleyes were significantly higher in the spring, and then they tend to decline into summer and into the fall. The reasons for that, we think, is that over the winter the fish aren't growing very much because the temperatures are cold. They still eat so they're accumulating mercury, but they're not growing very much. So by early spring those fish tend to have elevated mercury concentrations."
Over the summer, as water warms up and fish eat more and grow more, a factor called "growth dilution" kicks in. The fish's total mercury burden doesn't decrease, but the concentration is diluted as the fish gets bigger.
Chipps said the new information could help game officials in South Dakota and perhaps other states adjust mercury advisories.
"Right now we have fish consumption advisories that describe how many fish to eat from the lakes that have advisories on them, and that's separated into a sensitive population, which would be pregnant or nursing women and children, and then the rest of us," Chipps said. "We think we can improve upon that by providing more information about the seasonality of mercury levels in fish so that anglers can make better decisions about when and how many fish to consume."
The South Dakota Department of Game, Fish, & Parks supported the research through Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration funds. Additional support came from the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station at SDSU.
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Courtesy of the John D. & Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation
Over the past four decades, Benoit Rolland has made more than 1,400 bows for violins, violas and cellos.
Over the past four decades, Benoit Rolland has made more than 1,400 bows for violins, violas and cellos. Courtesy of the John D. & Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation
Among the 23 recipients of the MacArthur "genius" grants this past week: an economist, a mathematician, a photographer, a neuroscientist, and a Boston-based stringed instrument bow maker.
Benoit Rolland acknowledges that the violin reigns supreme as the star of the strings, capable of fetching millions of dollars at auction. But what about the bow? "A violin with no bow is not a violin, that's clear," says Rolland.
"A lot of people, even some instrumentalists, in our younger years we believe that the violin is of paramount importance and the bow is just a tool," says Elita Kang, assistant concert master of the Boston Symphony Orchestra. "But the bow is just as important as the violin because that is our breath. That's how we draw the sound out of the instrument, so without a fine bow that's responsive and flexible and finely made, we can't express ourselves fully."
Kang says a significant number of BSO musicians use bows made by Rolland. So have some of the most famous string players of all time: Yehudi Menuhin, Stephane Grapelli, Mstislav Rostropovich. Over the past four decades, Rolland has made more than 1,400 bows for violins, violas and cellos.
"I could say the bow is extremely important for a musician because it has to convey the personality, the musicality, the feelings, the emotions of the musician through it, and it's something that has to behave like a muscle," says Rolland.
That understanding is only part of why Rolland won a MacArthur genius grant. He's revered for his knowledge of traditional bow-making skills but also for his innovations. He pioneered the first concert-grade graphite bow. And his most recent invention is an updated "frog" — the piece on the bow's end used to adjust tension.
"It's much more stable," Rolland says, "so it's easier to play, more responsive, the sound is fuller — most of the time, not all of the time. So it's an improvement I think is interesting. And this frog is adjustable on any existing stick."
Rolland's journey as a bow maker began in Paris, where his grandmother was a famous concert pianist. Rolland had perfect pitch, and when he was 9 he fell in love with the violin. He graduated from the conservatories of Paris and Versailles, and was on track to become a professional musician — but then he saw a spectacular bow.
"This bow was so beautiful, fitted with gold, 18 karats, and magnificent mother of pearl and magnificent wood. It was like a jewel," says Rolland. "So at this very moment, I understood this was what I want to do."
He went on to study the traditional French method of bow making and has been doing this ever since. Rolland says the most important variables are the musicians themselves. He interviews them, watches them perform and listens closely to their music.
Miriam Fried has three of his bows and is one of the many musicians who wrote letters to the MacArthur Foundation endorsing Rolland's nomination. She's a violinist and teacher at the New England Conservatory.
"What I'm really excited about is the fact that Benoît Rolland just was one of the recipients of the MacArthur grant, which I think is fabulous," says Fried.
His years of bow making have stiffened his fingers, so it's difficult for him to play nowadays. But Rolland says he still gets pleasure watching and listening to other musicians using his bows. "Because I see this person playing so intimate things — the music — with something I brought in his hands, so it's marvelous," says Rolland.
And he says the MacArthur stipend of $500,000 will enable him not only to improve his centuries-old art, but also to pursue even more innovations.
Note: NPR is among the organizations that the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation supports.


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Light sensitivity, also known as photophobia, is a condition in which bright light - either natural sunlight or artificial light - can cause significant discomfort, pain and intolerance. People that experience light sensitivity will find themselves needing to close their eyes or squint when exposed to light and often experience headaches and nausea as well. In mild cases, the discomfort accompanies exposure to bright lights or harsh sunlight, but in severe cases even a small amount of light can cause pain and discomfort.
Photophobia is more common in individuals with light eyes. This is because the greater amounts of pigment in darker eyes help to protect the eye from the harsh rays of light. The darker pigment of the iris and choroid absorbs the light, rather than reflecting the light and causing internal reflection or glare experienced by those with lighter eyes. People with albinism, which is a total lack of eye pigment, also experience significant light sensitivity for this reason.
Acute photophobia is usually a symptom that accompanies a condition such as an eye infection or irritation (such as conjunctivitis or dry eyes), a virus, or a migraine (light sensitivity is one of the most common symptoms of migraines). It could also be caused by something more serious such as an eye condition like a corneal abrasion, a detached retina, uveitis or iritis or a systemic disease like meningitis or encephalitis. Light sensitivity is also a side effect of refractive surgery (such as LASIK) and some medications (such as tetracycline and doxycycline).
How to Deal with Photophobia
The most effective way to reduce the discomfort caused by photophobia is to stay out of sunlight and dim indoor lights as much as possible while you are experiencing symptoms. Wearing dark sunglasses and keeping your eyes closed may also provide some relief.
In the summer it is more common for UV to trigger corneal inflammation (keratitis) and cause photosensitivity as well. Wind and eye dryness can also set off photosensitivity, which are more good reasons to wear sunglasses.
If the sensitivity is new and the cause is unknown, you should seek medical attention immediately, especially if you experience any of the following symptoms:
- Blurry vision
- Burning or pain in the eye
- Fever and chills
- Confusion and irritability
- Severe headache
- Stiff neck
- Nausea and vomiting
- Foreign body sensation
In cases where the photophobia is a symptom of an underlying issue, treating the issue will likely cause relief in your sensitivity. This will vary depending on the ailment but could include pain medications, eye drops or antibiotics, or anti-inflammatory medications. If the sensitivity is mild due to your genetic predisposition or a result of surgery, make sure you take your sunglasses every time you leave the house. People who wear prescription eyeglasses may consider photochromic lenses which automatically darken when exposed to light.
If you are uncomfortable, speak to your eye doctor about the best options for your condition.


How Do Bats Reproduce?
Reproduction begins with copulation between a male and female bat. The female will store the sperm of the male inside her reproductive tract and release it to the egg when she feels that conditions are right. This give the baby bat the greatest chance of living after it is born.
3 Additional Answers Answer for: how do bats reproduce
Most bats have a breeding season, when conditions are favorable. Female bats can control pregnancy by storing sperm in order to delay fertilization or by delaying implantation in the uterus.
Bats mate before hibernating for the winter. The male bat impregnates the female who carries the sperm through hibernation. Once the hibernating period is over, the sperm fertilizes the egg.
Bats reproduce sexualy, the male bat deposits sperm into the female bat and she stores it in her uterous until after she hibernates and then when the female bat hibernates the sperm gets used. Gestation time for a bat is two months and they have a live baby not an egg.
Q&A Related to "How Do Bats Reproduce?"
Bats reproduces sexually. The male places sperm inside the females body which fertilizes the egg. Once fertilized the female carries the egg until birth. Not a whole lot more is known
They just do.
Before hibernation, the male bat will deposit his sperm into the female's body. The female
They reproduce sexually. Female bats would have contact with a male bat before hibernation and the sperm will be stored in her uterus. After hibernation, the female bat will become
Explore this Topic
Bats reproduce in litters. They can have one to three litters in a season, dependent on the species and the conditions. Bats are mammals and they give birth. The...
Baby bats are called pups. Bats are generally mammals and therefore reproduce by giving birth. Baby bats also suckle their mothers just like any other mammal....


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adenine in chemistry, a crystalline base that is a constituent of nucleic acid in organs such as the pancreas and spleen.
analysis careful scrutiny of constituent parts in order to thoroughly understand the whole. [2/4 definitions]
component a part or element of a whole; constituent. [1/2 definitions]
configuration the relation or arrangement of the constituent parts of something. [1/6 definitions]
configure to set or arrange the constituent elements of (something) in a particular way so as to have a working combination. [1/2 definitions]
consistency agreement or compatibility between or among constituent elements. [1/3 definitions]
constituent a component; constituent part. [1/4 definitions]
constitutive essential; constituent. [1/2 definitions]
guanine in biochemistry, a purine constituent of nucleic acids.
martensite a hard brittle solid solution of iron and a small portion of carbon which is the main constituent of various carbon steels and is produced by chilling heated steel.
orthoclase a monoclinic feldspar that is a common constituent in igneous rock such as granite.
phenylalanine an essential amino acid that is a constituent of many proteins.
resolution the process of separating into constituent parts, as light into the colors of the spectrum. [1/8 definitions]
resolve to break down into constituent parts; separate. [2/8 definitions]
resolvent capable of causing a breaking down into constituent parts; solvent. [1/2 definitions]
salt the white or colorless solid compound known chemically as sodium chloride and used chiefly for preserving and seasoning foods; a constituent of seawater. [1/10 definitions]
Serbia a former kingdom, now a constituent republic in eastern Yugoslavia.
Soviet Union formerly, a country, comprising fifteen constituent republics, in eastern Europe and northern Asia; Union of Soviet Socialist Republics; Russia.
subatom a constituent of an atom; atomic particle.


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Noun: Sir Francis Bacon
 1. English statesman and philosopher; precursor of British empiricism; advocated inductive reasoning (_PHONE_)
 - Bacon, Francis Bacon, Baron Verulam, 1st Baron Verulam, Viscount St. Albans
Type of: national leader, philosopher, solon, statesman
Encyclopedia: Sir Francis Bacon


Difference between Deer Tick and Wood Tick
By: | Updated: Feb-7, 2018
The terms deer tick and wood tick commonly describe various subgroups of ticks. These terms are often used interchangeably, particularly depending on the location. If these terms are often interchanged, how does one tell them apart?
Summary Table
Deer TickWood Tick
Refers to the Ixodes genusRefers to the Dermacentor genus
Carries Lyme diseaseCan cause Rocky Mountain fever
adult female deer tick
An adult female deer tick
The term deer tick is used to refer to several species of parasitic, disease-carrying ticks of the Ixodes genus under the Ixodidae family. In the western coast of North America, it refers to the Western blacklegged tick, or Ixodes pacificus. Many fear this species of deer tick as the principal carrier of Lyme disease, a bacterial disease that can later develop into disorders in the heart and nervous system. Most people in the West coast call it the blacklegged tick.
In the northern and eastern regions of the Midwest, it refers to Ixodes scapularis, a hard-bodied tick also known as the bear tick in some areas in the U.S. It can cause several diseases among humans and animals such as anaplasmosis, babesiosis, etc. It usually clings on white-tailed deer hence the name deer tick. In Europe, the term refers to Ixodes ricinus, also known as the castor bean tick. It is a carrier of tick-borne encephalitis and Lyme disease.
A deer tick that had just finished feeding will be engorged, and its abdomen turns a light, grayish blue. An engorged deer tick looks very different when it has not fed, making it easy to think it is a different tick species.
A deer tick usually has a life span of 2 years and goes through three life stages – larva, nymph and adult. The deer tick requires a blood meal before it can move to the next stage of its life cycle.
Rocky Mountain wood tick
A disease-carrying Rocky Mountain wood tick
The word wood tick is also a common term for the genus Dermacentor, also called the American Levi tick. It is a member of the Ixodidae family, also known as hard ticks in some places. This subfamily of hard ticks is everywhere, having native species on all continents with the exception of Australia. As of 2010, about 34 known species make up the Dermacentor genus. One common species under this genus is the American dog tick. Mammals such as horses, deer, cattle and even porcupines are host to this tick species.
While wood ticks do not carry Lyme disease, they do carry other diseases and can cause tick paralysis. Experts believe the American dog tick is the carrier of the Rocky Mountain fever on the Eastern coast of the U.S. The Rocky Mountain wood tick can also spread tularemia, commonly called tick fever.
Deer Tick vs Wood Tick
So what's the difference between a deer tick and wood tick? While deer ticks and wood ticks are sweeping terms for ticks under the Ixodidae family, they belong to two separate subgroups. The word deer tick refers to several tick species of the genus Ixodes that includes Ixodes pacificus (i.e., Western blacklegged tick) from the western coast of North America. Ixodes scapularis (i.e., bear tick) is from northern and eastern regions of the Midwest U.S. In Europe, it is Ixodes ricinus, also known as the castor bean tick. Wood ticks of the Dermacentor genus are found in all continents except Australia. It currently has 34 known species.
Most members of the deer tick subgroup are common carriers of Lyme disease, whereas, members of the wood tick subgroup are carriers of various pathogens that cause many diseases such as the Rocky Mountain fever and tick paralysis.
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TP 2 Verb-Noun Collocations
Upper Intermediate level
To provide students with practice on verb-noun collocations within the context of their role models or important persons both past and present.
To provide practice in speaking fluency using verb-noun collocations in the context of role models and important people
Procedure (26-36 minutes)
Teacher introduces themselves. Teacher uses Google Slides document to begin Lead-in questions.(2 questions) Teacher shares link to Dialog and Question Worksheet. Learners give 3 minutes to complete. Upon completion learners are assigned a partner and instructed to share answers. Teacher requests answers from one learner of each pair. OCFB is given.
Teacher returns to Google Slides document. Teacher guides students on basic verb-noun structure and uses 2 examples to clarify meaning, form and pronunciation. Teacher give light drills to all students using examples.
Teacher gives link of Google Forms Multiple Choice Questions to learners via Zoom chat. Learners advised to read carefully and complete by filling in the blanks with the correct verb in the correct tense. Learners have 5 mins to complete this task. Learners advised to not submit answers. Learners are to check their answers with their partners from previous task via Zoom Chat. Answer check is given 2 mins to complete. Upon completion learners are to submit and OCFB is done.
Learners instructed to talk with their group members about their role models or great persons in the music industry, favorite artists etc. Learners instructed to attempt to use the proper verb-noun collocations in their discussions. Learners placed in Breakout Room groups of 2 or 3 dependent on class size. Task to be completed in 5 mins. Monitor learners for any errors in verb-noun collocations and perform instant feedback where necessary.


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Zemana Uninstall Tool
Malwarebytes Anti-Malware stopped updating its obsolete database a few weeks ago by sometimes stating that it could not access the database server and that sometimes an update was not available. Unfortunately, some versions of Zemana AntiMalware seem to have bugs that prevent users from easily uninstalling this utility. The Antilogger.sys file is suspected to be causing the removal problem. Nevertheless, rest assured that we will propose several solutions to this problem.
Solution 1: Remove the software using the unins000.exe file.
- Enter the file explorer. Click the Folder icon on the taskbar or search for it by typing "Folder Options" after clicking Start.
- Open the local disk where you installed the Zemana AntiMalware program. Then open Program Files (x86)> Zemana AntiMalware.
- In the created folder, double-click the Unins000.exe file. After activation, the deletion process should begin.
- When the procedure is complete, enter the registry editor. Click the Start button, then type regedit and press Enter.
- Find these folders:
- HKEY_CURRENT_USER \ Software \ Zemana \
- HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE \ SOFTWARE \ Zemana
Delete them to completely eliminate Zemana Antimalware. Restart your computer for the changes to take effect.
Solution 2: Uninstall Zemana Antimalware through programs and features
- Click Start. Tap Apps / Programs and Features.
- Find the Zemana AntiMalware app and choose Uninstall.
- Repeat the same steps by entering Registry Editor and removing HKEY_CURRENT_USER \ Software \ Zemana \ and HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE \ SOFTWARE \ Zemana \
- Restart the computer.
Solution 3: Use an uninstaller
You can install Perfect Uninstaller to manage the application. The old program will eliminate Zemana AntiMalware in minutes. He will also check his secondary files. It is important to remove them all before the uninstallation process succeeds.
Solution 4. Remove the Antilogger.sys file
- Click the Start button. Type Device Manager.
- Choose View Sections. Check mark Show hidden devices function.
- Locate the antilogger.sys file in the Plug-in and Drivers section.


Patrys' anti-cancer agent kills more cancer cells when combined with FDA approved olaparid
Patrys ASX PAB cancer cells FDA approved olaparib
Therapeutic drug company Patrys (ASX: PAB) has reported its PAT-DX1 cancer agent acts "synergistically" with olaparib to kill more cancer cells than single doses of each drug, alone.
The Yale University pre-clinical experiment compared the two drugs and found both killed a variety of cancer cells on their own and when used together, their combined reaction was "synergistic" which Patrys claims supports its understanding the drugs act through different but complementary pathways.
During the study, both drugs were used on brain and colon cancer cells and proved toxic and when used together, the combined drugs increased the death of cancer cells compared to using them singly.
Additionally, cells with intact DNA were not killed by the drugs either combined or in solo doses.
According to Patrys, this indicates the combined drugs will kill DNA repair-deficient cancers while sparing normal cells.
Olaparib has FDA and EMA approval as a targeted therapy for cancer several cancers with cancers that contain "defects in homologous recombination" due to mutations.
The treatment is sold under Lynparza and interferes with DNA repair in some ovarian, breast and prostate cancers.
Meanwhile, Patrys' PAT-DX1 is an antibody that interrupts cells' DNR damage repair pathways.
During pre-clinical trials, PAT-DX1 destroyed multiple cancer cells including glioblastoma, colon and triple negative breast cancer.
Patrys chief executive officer and managing director said the company will expand on the study with animals and "with PAT-DX1 conjugated nanoparticles dosed with olaparid".
PAT-DX1 is the company's human version of its existing Deoxymab 3E10 drug, which is an autoantibody which works differently to normal antibodies.
The Deoxymab drug can penetrate a cell's nuclei and bind directly to the DNA then inhibit DNA repair and damage the cell. While normal cells can repair, mutated or DNA deficient cells (such in a variety of cancer cells) can be killed.
With its effectiveness in pre-clinical trials, Patrys said it believes its PAT-DX1 could potentially kill a range of cancers including gliomas, melanomas, prostate, breast, pancreatic and ovarian.
Patrys' shares soared more than 50% on the news to sit at A$0.023 in mid afternoon trade.
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A common image, when you think of Chinese communism, is those 60's retro posters with men and women looking strong under different Communist slogans. You know, things like "Study Mao everyday," or "Build aÂ harmoniousÂ society." Often they would depict women wearing the same clothes as men, their hair tied back and a serious look on their face. Posters like this:
In modern day China they still love their slogans, but the mascots have changed a bit. Here are a few modern propaganda posters I saw recently in Hangzhou. Can you tell the difference between the new and the old?
So feminists, what do you think? One step forward, or two steps back?


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Catholicos is a title used by the ruling bishops or primates of several churches in the Middle East. With the exception of the Georgian Orthodox Church none of these churches accept the Christology promulgated by the Council of Chalcedon.
The word itself comes from the Greek καθολικός (plural καθολικοί), meaning 'concerning the whole,' 'universal,' or 'general.' The title seems to have originated among the churches on the eastern edge of the Roman Empire and within the Sassanian Empire around the third and fourth centuries. The Church of Antioch had jurisdiction over this region. By the end of the fifth century almost all the local bishops used the title catholicos. Thus, the word catholicos at the time was not synonymous with patriarch.
During the Christological disputes many of the catholicates in the Middle East rejected certain of the later Ecumenical Councils. The Catholicate of Seleucia-Ctesiphon of the Church of the East, nominally subject to Antioch, accepted the first two ecumenical councils, but rejected the Council of Ephesus. The Catholicates of the Armenian Orthodox Church and the Arranian Orthodox Church accepted Ephesus and were initially ambivalent about Chalcedon, but eventually rejected its Christology as being too influenced by Nestorianism.
Following the schism of the Church of the East after the Council of Ephesus the catholicate died out in the Church of Antioch, only to be revived later by the Syriac Orthodox Church, first in its original seat in Mesopotamia and later in southern India.
- Syriac Orthodox Church
- Armenian Orthodox Church
- Assyrian Church of the East
- Armenian Orthodox Church of Cilicia
- Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church
- Malankara Syriac Orthodox Church
| This article forms part of the series


See also various.pm files. General: * Copy on write (helps for $x = -$x; cases etc) (seems to make it slower :/ * run config() and die_on_nan() tests under Math::BigFloat: * finish upgrading and downgrading *! bround()/bfround(): some bugs may lurk in there * accuracy() & precision() maybe not finished (bnorm() in every op, testcases) * do not reduce numbers in new(), rather do it in anything that outputs it like bsstr(), bstr(), mantissa(), exponent() and parts(). Reducing the number after each op is slow with a binary core math lib like BitVect. * add bfract() that returns just the fractional part? * tests for frsft() and flsft() with $n!= 2 * blog() is still quite slow for non-integer results. See if we can reuse the integer calculation somehow * finish broot() by using different algorithm * hexadecimal integers work, but what about '0xABC.DEF'? Really needed? Math::BigInt: * finish 'upgrade' * remove rounding overhead when no rounding is done, e.g. no $object has A nor P and neither of bround(), bround(), accuracy() or precision() was called * bround() is only used by MBF for -$scale = -$len, anyway. POD is wrong for this, too * overload of cos()/sin()/exp()/atan2() is too DWIM (should return BigInt or BigFloat, not scalar) - also document it * +5 % 0 or -5 % 0 == NaN (should it be something else?) * certain shortcuts returning bzero(), bone() etc may not set the requested rounding parameters, so that $x->foo($y,$a,$p,$r) may return $x without a set $a or $p, thus failing later on: use Test; BEGIN { plan tests => 1; } use Math::BigInt; $x = Math::BigInt->bone(); $x->bsqrt(3,0,'odd'); # $x = 0, but _a is not 3! ok ($x + '12345','12300'); # fails (12346 instead of 12300) The shortcuts in code that return $x->bzero() or similar things need to do $x->bzero($a,$p); and this needs tests. Update: Should now work for most things. Check for completeness. Given the fact that we are be able to plug-in a much faster core-lib, the following are pretty much ultra-low-priority: Math::BigInt::Calc: * look at div() for more speed (I have the hunch that the general _div() routine does way too much work for normal div (e.g. when we don't need the reminder). A simplified version could take care of this. * alternative mul() method using shifts * implement in Calc (and GMP etc) to calculate band(), bior(), bxor() for negative inputs (_signed_or() etc) * _root() doesn't scale too well Please send me test-reports, your experiences with this and your ideas - I love to hear about my work! Tels


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Econometric black art
Recently, Kasia has jointed our team to strengthen econometric part of GRAPE and right away presented her latest paper (joint work with Grant Hillier). Paper presents new approaches to testing for exogeneity in non-parametric models with discrete regressors and instruments. The interest of authors is in learning about an unknown structural (conditional mean) function. An interesting feature of these models is that under endogeneity the identifying power of a discrete instrument depends on the number of support points of the instruments relative to that of the regressors, a result driven by the discreteness of the variables. Observing that the simple nonparametric additive error model can be interpreted as a linear regression, we present two test-statistics. For the point identifying model, the test is an adapted version of the standard Wu-Hausman approach. This extends the work of Blundell and Horowitz (2007) to the case of discrete regressors and instruments. For the set identifying model, the Wu-Hausman approach is not available. In this case the test-statistic is derived from a constrained minimization problem. The asymptotic distributions of the test-statistics are derived under the null and fixed and local alternatives. The tests are shown to be consistent, and a simulation study reveals that the proposed tests have satisfactory finite-sample properties.


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Why is the Companies Act 2006 and Articles of Association so important?
For protection policies onlyWed Nov 22 10:52:00 GMT 2017
A company's Articles of Association form the basis of the company's constitution. They're commonly referred to as the internal rule book of the company. The articles are chosen by its members and are legally binding on the company and its members. A company's articles are subject to the Companies Act 2006 (PDF - 3.6mb)(Opens new window) and can't contain rules that would cause the company or its directors to operate outside the law.
A company can choose to adopt:
- model articles in full;
- model articles with additional or amended provisions, or
- bespoke articles.
When a shareholder dies, their shares will form part of their estate and ultimately pass to their heirs under the terms of their will, or the laws of intestacy where they haven't made one. A company's articles are also likely to contain rules about the transferring of shares.