text:
Solar Panels And Batteries
There are three types of wiring
configurations that are relatively easy to learn. Once
mastered, the job of wiring batteries or solar modules becomes
easy as pie. The three configurations are:
And a combination of the two known
simply as series/parallel wiring.
In any DC generating device such as a
battery or solar module, you will always have a negative (-)
terminal and a positive (+). Electrons or (current) flows from
the negative terminal through a load to the positive
For ease of explanation we shall refer
to a solar module or battery as a "Device"
To wire any device in series you must
connect the positive terminal of one device to the negative terminal of the next device.
Important: When you wire devices in series the
individual voltages of each device is additive. In other words
if each device in the above example had the potential of
producing 12 volts, then 12 + 12 + 12 + 12 = 48 volts. If
these devices were batteries then the total voltage of the
battery pack would be 48 volts. If they were solar modules
that produced 17 Volts each then the total voltage of the
solar array would be 68 volts.
The second important rule to remember about series circuits
is that the current or amperage in a series circuit stays the
same. So if these devices were batteries and each battery had
a rating of 12 Volts @ 220 Amp hours then the total value of
this series circuit would be 48 Volts @ 220 Amp hours. If they
were solar modules and each solar module had a rating of 17
volts and were rated at 5 amps each then the total circuit
value would be 68 volts @ 5 amps.
In the example above two 6 Volt 350 Amp hour batteries were
wired in series which yields 6 Volts + 6 Volts = 12 Volts @
350 Amp hours.
If the above devices were solar modules which were rated at
17 volts each @ 4.4 amps then this series circuit would yield
34 volts at 4.4 amps.
Remember the Voltage in a series circuit is additive and
the Current stays the same.
To wire any device in parallel you must
connect the positive terminal of the first device to the
positive terminal of the next device and negative terminal of
the first device to the negative terminal of the next device.
Important: When you wire devices in
parallel the resulting Voltage and Current is just the
opposite of a series circuit. Instead the Voltage in a
parallel circuit stays the same and the Current is additive.
If each device in the above example had the potential of
producing 350 Amp hours then 350 + 350 = 700 Amp hours,
the Voltage would stay the same.
If these devices were batteries then this
parallel circuit would yield total voltage of 12 volts @ 700
Amp hours. If these devices were solar modules that produced
17 Volts @ 4.4 amps each then the this parallel circuit would
yield 17 Volts @ 8.8 amps.
In the example above four 17 Volt @ 4.4 Amp
solar panels were wired in parallel which yields 4.4 Amps +
4.4 Amps + 4.4 Amps + 4.4 Amps = 16.6 amps total @ 17 volts
if the above devices were batteries which were
rated at 12 volts each @ 220 Amps hours then this parallel
circuit would yield 12 volts @ 880 Amp hours.
Remember the Voltage in a parallel circuit
stays the same and the Current is additive.
Hold on to your hats because here's where it
gets a little wild. Actually you've already learned all you
need to know to under stand series/parallel circuits.
A Series/parallel circuit is simply two or
more series circuits that are wired together in parallel.
In the above example two separate pairs of 6
Volt batteries have been wired in series and each of these
series pairs have been wired together in parallel.
You might be asking why in the world would
someone want to put them self through this? Well lets say
that you want to increase the Amp hour rating of a battery
pack so that you could run your appliances longer but you
needed to wire the pack in such a way as to keep the battery
pack at 12 volts, or you want to increase the charging
capacity of your solar array but you needed to wire the solar
modules in such a way as to keep the solar array at 34 volts, well, series/parallel is the only way to do
Remember in parallel circuits the current is additive so
thus you increase your run time or Amp hour capacity or in the
case of solar modules, you increase your charging current by wiring
the batteries or solar modules in parallel. Since we need 12 volts and have 6
volt batteries or in the case of solar modules we need 34
Volts and have 17 Volt modules on hand on hand, wiring the batteries
or solar modules in series allows
us to get the 12 Volts or 34 Volts that we need.
An easy way to visualize it would be to start
by wiring the batteries in individual sets that will give you
the voltage that you need. Lets say that you need 24 volts but
have six volt batteries on hand. First wire four of the
batteries in series to get 24 volts. (Remember wire in series
to increase the voltage) and continue to wire additional sets
of four batteries until the batteries are used up.
Next wire each series set of four batteries in
parallel to each other (Positive to positive to positive and
so on and then negative to negative to negative and so on)
until each series set is wired together in parallel. If each
series set of batteries equals 24 Volts at 350 Amp hours then
five series sets wired to each other in parallel would give
you a 24 Volt @ 1750 Amp hour battery pack.
Remember: In a series
circuit the current stays the same but the voltage is
additive. In a parallel circuit the voltage stays the same but
the current is additive.
If you need any assistance in wiring your
system together, remember we're just a phone call away. We can
provide you with diagrams or any sort of assistance that you
might need to complete your installation. Give a a call, we're
here to help _PHONE_


text:
A Community health center in the United States
is a Community health center
A health center or community health center is a clinic staffed by a group of general practitioners and nurses.Community health centers in the U.S...
(CHC) in the United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
Community Health Centers are unique in that at least 51 percent of all Governing Board Members must be patients at the CHC. Access to care is improved by decreasing the cost of care with a sliding fee scale based on income. Grant programs are typically available to provide the broadest opportunity for health care.
Integration of health care services is a major focus. Administrative and health care personnel sit down regularly to focus on location health care needs. Multiple services are provided that vary depending upon the site including primary care, dental care, counseling services, women's health, health promotion and education, podiatry, physiotherapy, case management, advocacy and intervention. The mission of Community Health Centers depends upon creating collaborative relationships with industry, government, hospitals and other health services.
Community Health Centers that receive federal funding through the Health Resources and Services Administration, HHS
, are also called "Federally Qualified Health Centers." Today, there are more than 1250 federally-supported community health centers with more than 8000 service delivery sites. They are community health centers, migrant health centers, health care for the homeless centers and public housing primary care centers that deliver quality primary and preventive health care to more than 20 million people in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and the Pacific Basin. Through the years, health centers have built an impressive track record delivering high quality prevention and primary care to millions of low-income residents in inner cities and isolated rural areas.
In 2002, President Bush launched the Health Centers Initiative
to significantly increase access to primary health care services in 1,200 communities through new or expanded health center sites. Between 2001 and 2006, the number of patients treated at health centers has increased by over 4.7 million, representing a nearly 50 percent increase in just five years. In 2006 the number of patients served topped the 15 million mark for the first time. By 2010, with the help of funding received through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA, or the "stimulus" law), health centers had expandede to serve more than 18 million people. and with new funding provided through the Affordable Care Act of 2010 (aka, health reform law), health ceners will grow to serve almost 40 million people by 2015 [National Association of Community Health Centers, _URL_].
Approximately two-thirds of health center patients are minorities, and 9 out of 10 have incomes below 200 percent of the federal poverty line. Four in 10 health center patients have no health insurance.
The health center program's annual federal funding has grown from $1.16 billion in fiscal year 2001 to $2.59 billion in fiscal year 2011 [House Appropriations Committee, _URL_
A large number of Community Health Centers also exist in Canada, although they are planned at the provincial level currently.
The concept of community health centers in the United States, according to historian John Duffy, can be traced to infant milk stations in New York City in 1901. In November, 1914, the first district health center in New York was established by the city at 206 Madison Avenue, serving 35,000 residents of Manhattan's lower east side. The staff consisted of one medical inspector and three nurses stationed permanently in the district who through a house card system developed a complete health record of each family. The system was expanded to Queens in 1915 with four district centers. Wartime and political pressures brought this development in New York City to an end, but privately-funded clinics through the New York Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor
The Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor was a charitable organization in New York City, established in 1843 and incorporated in 1848 with the aim of helping the deserving poor and providing for their moral uplift...
were started in 1916 (Bowling Green Neighborhood Association), 1917 (Columbus Hill Health Center), 1918 (Mulberry Street Health Center) and in 1921 the Judson Health Center
Judson Health Center, founded in 1921, was an early New York City Community Health Center inspired by the Rev. Alonzo Ray Petty of the baptist Judson Memorial Church located at 55 Washington Square South. Petty appealed to fellow baptist and physician Eleanor A...
founded by Eleanor A. Campbell in Greenwich Village, which became by 1924 the largest health center in the U.S.
Under the modern definition, the first community health center in the United States was the Columbia Point
Columbia Point, later referred to as Harbor Point, in the Dorchester neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts sits on a peninsula jutting out from the mainland of eastern Dorchester into the bay.-History:...
Health Center in Dorchester, Massachusetts
Dorchester is a dissolved municipality and current neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts, United States. It is named after the town of Dorchester in the English county of Dorset, from which Puritans emigrated and is today endearingly nicknamed "Dot" by its residents. Dorchester, including a large...
. It was opened in December 1965 and served mostly the massive Columbia Point public housing complex adjoining it. It was founded by two medical doctors, Jack Geiger who had been on the faculty of Harvard University
Harvard University is a private Ivy League university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States, established in 1636 by the Massachusetts legislature. Harvard is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States and the first corporation chartered in the country...
then later at Tufts University
Tufts University is a private research university located in Medford/Somerville, near Boston, Massachusetts. It is organized into ten schools, including two undergraduate programs and eight graduate divisions, on four campuses in Massachusetts and on the eastern border of France...
and Count Gibson from Tufts University. Geiger had previously studied the first community health centers and the principles of Community Oriented Primary Care with Sidney Kark and colleagues while serving as a medical student in rural Natal
KwaZulu-Natal is a province of South Africa. Prior to 1994, the territory now known as KwaZulu-Natal was made up of the province of Natal and the homeland of KwaZulu....
, South Africa
The Republic of South Africa is a country in southern Africa. Located at the southern tip of Africa, it is divided into nine provinces, with of coastline on the Atlantic and Indian oceans...
. The Columbia Point Health Center was funded by the federal government's Office of Economic Opportunity
The Office of Economic Opportunity was the agency responsible for administering most of the War on Poverty programs created as part of United States President Lyndon B. Johnson's Great Society legislative agenda.- History :...
(OEO) and was needed to serve the community living in the Columbia Point Public Housing Projects which was on the isolated peninsula far away from Boston City Hospital. It is still in operation and was rededicated on its twenty-fifth anniversary in 1990 as the Geiger-Gibson Community Health Center.
At about the same time, Geiger and Gibson also had set up a rural community health center, The Delta Health Center, which was located in Mound Bayou
Mound Bayou is a city in Bolivar County, Mississippi. The population was 2,102 at the 2000 census. It is notable for having been founded as an independent black community in 1887 by former slaves led by Isaiah Montgomery. By percentage, its 98.4 percent African-American majority population is one...
, Bolivar County, Mississippi
-Demographics:As of the census of 2000, there were 40,633 people, 13,776 households, and 9,725 families residing in the county. The population density was 46 people per square mile. There were 14,939 housing units at an average density of 17 per square mile...
serving Bolivar, Coahoma, Sunflower, and Washington counties, where poverty was widespread. It was also set up in conjunction with Tufts University and with a grant from the OEO. It was a rural model whereas the Columbia Point center was an urban setting.
Newer developments in Community Health Centers include integration of health professional education with CHC sites for training. Numerous liaisons have been developed across the nation. New models also exist. The National Association of Community Health Centers
encouraged the development of the physician assistant
, and osteopathic medical student
training with A.T. Still University at the Arizona campus. Those with experience working with CHCs are encouraged to pursue Hometown status
to improve probability of admission.
- Eula Hall
Eula Hall, is a prominent Appalachian activist and healthcare pioneer who founded the Mud Creek Clinic in Grethel in Floyd County, Kentucky.-Biography:...
, Founder of the Mud Creek Clinic
A clinic is a health care facility that is primarily devoted to the care of outpatients...
- Community Health
Community health, a field of public health, is a discipline that concerns itself with the study and betterment of the health characteristics of biological communities. While the term community can be broadly defined, community health tends to focus on geographic areas rather than people with shared...
- Federally Qualified Health Center
A Federally Qualified Health Center is a reimbursement designation in the United States, referring to several health programs funded

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Take the 2-minute tour ×
 1. What was the general breakdown of casualties per their cause during American Civil War?
 E.g. bullets vs. artillery vs. edged weapons vs. disease vs. natural death.
 2. Did that breakdown change in meaningful way between the beginning and the end of the war?
share|improve this question
2 Answers 2
You can get a breakdown of the major causes of death here.
Prior to the 20th century (possibly late 19th), the dominant cause of death in war was disease: the troops were in close quarters with unsanitary conditions and inadequate means of handling these. This number was followed by complications related to injuries actually suffered in battle — frequently one would get a small injury and it would get infected and kill the individual even though it would be trivial to heal the wound in better conditions.
Unfortunately, I cannot give you a specific breakdown of blade vs. bullet (and I suspect that it would be impossible to do so), but I will say that, based on the artillery technology of the time, it is fairly safe to say that discerning the difference between bullet and canon shot would be quite impossible. Even if you assume that there was a substantial interest in maintaining those records, there would not have been effort made to determine which injuries are post-mortem.
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Deaths due to edged weapons of any type were so small as to be effectively zero. – Oldcat Feb 14 at 23:08
_USER_ Do you count bayonets? Hand to hand combat was common through WWI. – cwallenpoole Feb 18 at 16:14
...and in the Civil War, when they when hand to hand they reversed the musket and hit the guy with the stock. Bayonet injuries were a tiny, tiny fraction of wounds. – Oldcat Feb 19 at 1:19
Fox' Regimental Losses a well known compendium of CW casualtles claims 0.4% of wounds were due to the bayonet. – Oldcat Feb 19 at 2:16
Bruce Catton's history and Shelby Foote's history should have the details. I cannot check as my copies are at home. From what I remember, it was pre-battle medical care and unsanitary conditions that killed the most soldiers. The first use of modern rifles with Napoleon tactics contributed to the hight number of dead on the battle field.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


text:
Contact Lens Prescription
BY MARY JAMESON, BHS, COA, NCLC, CPOT
What do the numbers on a contact lens prescription mean? How do they relate to a patient's eyes? How important are they? With all of the controversy surrounding the issue of releasing contact lens prescriptions, we should understand what every detail of the prescription means.
Measuring Base Curve
The back of a contact lens features a series of curves. These curves help the contact lens fit the contour of a cornea. The main back surface curve of a lens is the base curve. It represents the central radius of curvature of the back of the lens. The base curve corresponds to the keratometry reading, the measurement of a patient's corneal curvature.
We typically record keratometry measurements in diopters of power and typically measure the base curve reading in millimeters of radius. You can use a conversion chart to transition from diopters to millimeters of radius.
When you select a trial lens, you can choose a base curve that is on K (meaning it matches the corneal curvature reading), steeper than K (meaning the base curve is smaller than the corneal curvature reading) or flatter than K (meaning that the base curve is larger or longer than the corneal curvature reading). An "on K fit" is not always the ideal. You can compare this to shopping for shoes or clothing -- if you are a certain size in one brand, you may not be the same size in another. The same is true for contact lenses. Patients need to try contact lenses on to make sure the fit is the best possible.
The power of a lens represents the prescription that will neutralize the power of the patient's eye. This number is not always the same for a contact lens fitting as it is for a spectacle prescription. You must take the vertex distance (the distance from the surface of the cornea to the back of the spectacle lens) into consideration because the contact lens fits onto the cornea. You can use an effectivity chart to make the appropriate power adjustments. Also, the over-refraction during the lens fit will help finalize the patient's prescription.
When you fit gas permeable lenses, you must consider the relationship of the base curve to the cornea. When you fit a lens steeper or flatter than the keratometry reading, a lacrimal lens forms between the cornea and the back curvature of the lens. If you fit a lens steeper than the K reading, then you must add minus power to the prescription. Likewise, if you fit a lens flatter than the K reading, then you must add plus power to the prescription. Use the acronym SAMFAP (steeper add minus; flatter add plus) to help remember this calculation.
Contact lens diameter influences the fit of the lens. Diameter is less variable for soft lenses. If you reduce the diameter of the lens but the base curve remains the same, then the lens will show more movement. If you increase the diameter of the lens but the base curve remains the same, the lens will show minimal amounts of movement.
Contact lens prescriptions should be filled just like any other valid medical prescription. Make "No Substitutions" the norm for contact lens prescriptions. Any variance from the prescribed contact lenses can result in problems for your patients.
Ms. Jameson is laboratory supervisor for the Department of Clinical Sciences at the Pennsylvania College of Optometry and is a past chair of the AOA Paraoptometric
Contact Lens Spectrum, Issue: October 2003


Flexible ultra-wideband channelizer offers ultimate radio receiver
June 14, 2011 // By Jean-Pierre Joosting
RF Engines Limited (RFEL) is claiming to have taken a large step towards creating the ultimate radio receiver which is capable of detecting and processing signals across all of the radio spectrum, all of the time. The UK company is introducing an innovative and highly flexible, ultra-wideband, Channelizer IP core – the ChannelCore Flex.
RFEL anticipates that the ChannelCore Flex will find widespread application in areas including electronic surveillance, satellite communications and future base station architectures, where concurrent monitoring, detection and demodulation of a communication channels are required.
Channelization is a relatively straight forward signal-processing task. For example, a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) can efficiently process a wideband signal into over 1000 channels. However, this can only be done with limitations:
 - The channels all have equal bandwidths, which is inflexible and problematic when processing different types of transmissions concurrently.
 - The bandwidth of individual channels is inversely proportional to the number of channels supported.
 - The centre frequencies of the channels are uniformly spaced and are not independently controllable.
 - There is limited control of the frequency response of the individual channels, leading to compromised stop-band and pass-band performance.
 - It cannot be readily interfaced to existing hardware due to differing sampling rates and data formats.
More advanced signal processing techniques such as Weighted Over-Lap and Add (WOLA) pre-processing and hierarchical channelization using a Pipelined Frequency Transform (PFT) can overcome many of these limitations. RFEL has adopted the enhancements together with other proprietary techniques to create an ultra-wideband Channelizer that offers unrivalled performance and flexibility, enabling it to be tailored to bespoke applications while remaining hardware efficient.
ChannelCore Flex is capable of being configured to support many thousands of channels, spanning an input bandwidth exceeding 1 GHz. Importantly, these channels can have individual bandwidths that can vary by several orders of magnitude, be overlapped to accommodate broadband transmissions, and have centre frequencies and sample rates that can be independently tuneable to sub-Hertz resolution (≤1 Hz). The end result is a Channelizer architecture that can be configured to support concurrent monitoring of multiple channels, with bandwidths ranging from as large as hundreds of Megahertz, to as narrow as a few Hertz, delivering an overall aggregate channelized sample rate that can exceed 1 Gs/s.


text:
M1 Garand Historical Bayonet
Called "the greatest battle implement ever devised" by General Patton, the M1 Garand officially replaced the M1903 Springfield as the standard service rifle of the U.S. Armed Forces in 1936, becoming one of the most recognized pieces of military weaponry in history. The legendary M1 Garand was used exclusively by U.S. forces in World War II and the Korean War, and to a lesser extent in the Vietnam War.
- Blade: Thick, black-coated stainless steel with a deep blood groove.
- Handle: Textured to provide a sure grip when wielded by hand.
- Locks into the OD green scabbard and is released by engaging the locking mechanism.
- "U.S. 1943" historic etching.
- Measures 9 ¾" blade; 15" overall.
- (Half-tang blade).

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Taking advantage of the natural lines available in architecture and urban settings can enhance the visual and emotional impact of your photos. This is because, when used well, lines can draw attention to areas of interest and create a sense of continuity that's pleasing to the eye.
Likewise, using strong vertical and diagonal lines in combination with exaggerated foregrounds will let you go beyond visual focus and artistic continuity to achieve dramatic results that draw viewers into the scene and inspire thoughts of strength and stability.
These effects are the product of human physiology, optical illusion and our conscious and unconscious associations with the surroundings and landmarks that make some of the best subjects for this kind of photography: urban parks and monuments.
Human physiology dictates that our attention is drawn to places where lines converge. Therefore, if your photo includes strong vertical/diagonal lines that converge on the strong line of the horizon where your subject is, then you've naturally increased the visual interest and impact of that subject.
Likewise, exaggerated foreground areas also provide perspective and the illusion of being in the scene and looking or even moving toward the subject. In this case "ground" is the operative word in "foreground," because by emphasizing the foreground you have enabled your viewers to picture themselves standing on that spot and seeing it in the same way.
Finally, the trick to using lines well and achieving the greatest effect is to find settings that are not too busy with lines running in many different directions, but rather have strong, uninterrupted lines capable of drawing a viewer in. Some of the best surroundings and subjects for these kinds of photos are urban parks and monuments. In general, they will already be designed for visual and emotional impact and will have clean, strong lines available without the distracting clutter of most urban landscapes and architecture.
Below are some great examples of using strong lines and exagerrated foreground to achieve dramatic results.


text:
Kollár, Jan (yän kōˈlär) [key], 1793–1852, Slovak poet who wrote in Czech. A Protestant minister, he was an ardent proponent of Pan-Slavism. He promoted his ideas in a famous essay on Slavonic cultural unity (1836) and in his best-known poem, The Daughter of Slava (1821–24).
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
See more Encyclopedia articles on: Russian and Eastern European Literature: Biographies


Reorganizations and Consolidated Tax Returns
Suppose you are a CPA, and you have a corporate client that has been operating for several years. The company is considering expansion through reorganizations. The company currently has two (2) subsidiaries acquired through Type B reorganizations. The client has asked you for tax advice on the benefit of a Type A, C, or D reorganization over a Type B reorganization. Additional facts regarding the issues are reflected below.
 - The company currently files a consolidated income tax return with the two (2) subsidiaries acquired through a Type B reorganization.
 - ABC Corporation, a subsidiary targeted by the client for takeover, has substantial net operating losses.
 - XYZ Corporation and BB Corporation will be acquired as subsidiaries in the next six (6) months.
Use the Internet and Strayer Library to research the rules and income tax laws regarding Types A, B, C, and D reorganizations and consolidated tax returns. Be sure to use the six (6) step tax research process in Chapter 1 that was demonstrated in Appendix A of your textbook as a guide for your written response.
 1. Compare the long-term tax benefits and advantages of each type of reorganization and recommend the type of reorganization that will be most beneficial to the client.
 2. Suggest the type of reorganization the client should use for the ABC Corporation based on your research. Justify the response.
 3. Propose a taxable acquisition structure for the client's planned acquisitions over a nontaxable reorganization. Assess the value of a taxable transaction over a nontaxable reorganization for the client.
 4. Examine the value and limitations of including the ABC Corporation if acquired as a wholly owned subsidiary in the consolidated return and provide a recommendation to your client. Support the recommendation with applicable research.
 5. Create a scenario that will allow the client to reduce any disadvantages from filing a consolidated return as a member of a controlled group.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
 - Analyze and research tax issues regarding corporations, partnerships, S corporations, and consolidated tax returns.
 - Create an approach to tax research that results in credible and current resources.
The post Reorganizations and Consolidated Tax Returns appeared first on Nursing Experts Help.
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text:
Moral Reconation Therapy (MRT)
Moral Reconation Therapy is a systematic treatment strategy that seeks to decrease recidivism among juvenile and adult criminal and substance abuse offenders by increasing moral reasoning. Its cognitive-behavioral approach combines elements from a variety of psychological traditions to progressively address ego, social, moral, and positive behavioral growth. Traditionally, Moral Reconation Therapy takes the form of group and individual counseling using structured group exercises and prescribed homework assignments. The Moral Reconation Therapy workbook is structured around 16 objectively defined steps focusing on seven basic treatment issues: confrontation of beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors; assessment of current relationships; reinforcement of positive behavior and habits; positive identity formation; enhancement of self-concept; decrease in hedonism and development of frustration tolerance; and development of higher stages of moral reasoning. Under normal outpatient MRT, participants meet in groups once or twice weekly and can complete all steps of the MRT program in a minimum of 3 to 6 months. The group is open ended and will have members at several different steps in the group at any given time.


FN. Before a DFN can be created, a model domain must be specified. For this example, we specify a DFN domain extending 50 units in both the positive and negative directions (100 unit lengths) with the command model domain extent -50 50. If only two numbers are provided, it is assumed that the domain is the same size in the x, y ansd z directions.
The easiest way to create a DFN in 3DEC is by first generating a template. The DFN template is a set of statistical parameters used to generate stochastic discrete fracture networks. These parameters include size distribution, the position distribution, and the orientation distribution. By default, the DFN template uses the following properties: uniform fracture positions, uniform orientations (dip between 0^{circ} and 180^{circ}, dip direction between 0^{circ} and 360^{circ}) and sizes obeying a negative power-law distribution with an exponent of 4. If no size limits are given, the fracture sizes will range from 1.0 to infty.
For this example, we will assign a template name, a power-law distribution with an exponent of 3 restricting the fracture size (disk diameter) to values between 1 and 100. We will also set the position and orientation to have uniform distribution. This is completed using the following commands:
fracture template create 'dfn_template' size power-law 3 size-limits 2 20...
 position uniform orientation uniform
Using the previously created DFN template, a set of fractures can be generated in the previously specified domain. The generation continues until a defined stopping criterion is met. In this example, a density (P32 value) of 0.1 is used as a stopping criterion. See DFN Overview for more information of DFN densities. The resulting DFN is shown in Figure 6
Finally, fractures that are sub-parallel and close together are merged into single larger fractures. This will help prevent the formation of very thin blocks in 3DEC when the DFN is used to cut joints in the block model.
Figure 6: Generated DFN
Before creating a block model we must set the tolerance using the command 02. The tolerances affected include (1) the minimum distance between gridpoints, (2) minimum area (tolxtol) of sub-contacts, (3) tolerance to link gridpoints of joined blocks, and (4) tolerance to select vertices close to the common plane. The default atol setting is 0.0012 x the average model dimensions in x, y, and z. For this example, the default is too large and thus we require a smaller value.
A 10x10x10 block is then created. Generally, it is accepted that the DFN domain size should be larger than the rock body of interest. This is because fractures may exist with centroids outside of the rock body that extend into the rock body. These fracture fragments would be missed if the DFN domain size and rock body size were the same. We have accounted for this by creating a DFN domain with limits at pm 50 in the x-, y-, and z-directions.
We can now generate a set of discontinuities (joints) based on the previously created DFN using the following command: block cut dfn name'my_dfn'. The block is cut using the DFN with name = my_dfn. The resulting 3DEC model is shown in Figure 7.
Figure 7: Blocks after cutting
In 3DEC, joints must bisect a block. It is not possible to have a joint partially cut a block. Therefore the cutting of joints with the DFN works as follows:
 - Joints in the DFN are sorted from largest to smallest
 - For each joint, all blocks not touching the joint are hidden
 - Remaining blocks are cut with the joint
Following this procedure minimizes the number of unnecessary cuts; however, many of the joints in the 3DEC model are larger than the corresponding joints in the DFN since cuts must fully bisect blocks. This problem can be resolved by specifying different joint properties on difference sections of the joints.
Before specifying joint properties, we need to discretize the blocks into zones. This will also discretize the joint surfaces and allow different sections of each joint surface to be assigned different properties. Tetrahedral zones of a 1-unit edge length are generated using the command 0.
The joint material properties can now be assigned. The use of specific DFN commands allows for differentiating joint material inside and outside the DFN disk. This idea is illustrated below.
Each 3DEC joint is made up of subcontacts (after zoning). The subcontacts may be either inside or outside of the DFN disk as shown. Different materials properties can be assigned to the inside subcontacts using range dfn-3dec.
Joints can be easily plotted by adding the Joint Plane plot item to a plot. If you only wish to see the parts of the 3DEC joints that correspond to the actual DFN, you can right-click in the Joint Plane plot item in the Plot Item List, select Add Range Element …, and from the Visual list on the left, select DFN Distance. Uncheck the Not checkbox, check the checkbox for my_dfn, and then en ter a Distance slightly greater than 0 (e.g. 0.01). The plot of DFN joints shown look like Figure 9
Figure 9: Joints in the model after cutting
; -- Example to show how to cut joints in 3DEC using a DFN
model new
model random 10000
model domain extent -50 50
; -- Generate DFN --
 position uniform orientation uniform
fracture generate dfn'my_dfn' template 'dfn_template' mass-density 0.1
; merge sub-parallel fractures that are close together
fracture combine angle 5 distance 0.1 merge
model save 'dfn'
block tolerance 0.02
; create block
block create brick -10 10
; add joints corresponding to dfn with id 1
block cut dfn name'my_dfn'
; discretize blocks into tetrahedral zones with an edge length of 1.
block zone generate edgelength 1
; set joint material properties
block contact property friction 30 cohesion 1000
block contact property cohesion 0 range dfn-3dec'my_dfn'
model save 'blocks'
Creating Internal Boundary Shapes
When fitting the 3DEC model to the problem region, polyhedral boundaries must also be defined to coincide with boundary shapes of the physical problem. These may be internal boundaries representing excavations or holes, or external boundaries representing, for example, man-made structures such as earth dams, or natural features such as mountain slopes. If the physical problem has a complicated boundary, it is important to assess whether simplification will have any effect on the questions that need to be answered (i.e., whether a simpler geometry will be sufficient to reproduce the important mechanisms).
All physical boundaries to be represented in the model simulation (including regions that will be added, or excavations created at a later stage in the simulation) must be defined before the solution process begins. Shapes of structures that will be added later in a sequential analysis must be defined and then "removed" (via the BLOCK EXCAVATE command). Excavated blocks are added with the BLOCK FILL command. Note that only deformable blocks can be excavated and filled.
The cutting of boundary shapes is performed with the following commands:
Each command cuts the polyhedra into one or more segments that are fitted together in the desired shape. The block cut joint-set commands create planar joint segments, as discussed in Joints and Joint Sets. The block cut tunnel command cuts a shape into the blocks where the shape is defined by a front and back face. The block cut geometry command cuts the blocks according to an imported geometric surface.
Block Cut Tunnel Command
The block cut tunnel command creates a tunnel whose boundary is formed by planar segments that connect two faces (designated as face-1 and face-2). The shape of the tunnel face is prescribed by an arbitrary number of vertices with coordinates (x1,y1,z1), (x2,y2,z2), (x3,y3,z3), etc. The same number of vertices must exist on both faces; the faces may be positioned either inside or outside of the model.
The example below presents a simple example for the creation of a horseshoe-shaped tunnel. The command block delete is used to delete the tunnel region (defined as group 'exc'). The resulting tunnel is shown in Figure 10.
Tunnel created with the TUNNEL command
model new
block create tunnel radius=2 length=-10,10 radius-ratio=3.0...
 dip=0 dip-direction=0...
 block-radial=2 block-tangential=1 block-axial=3
block delete range pos-x -2,2 pos-y -10,10 pos-z -2,2
Figure 10: Tunnel created with TUNNEL command
Usually, the model will be brought to an equilibrium state before the tunnel is excavated. The user must be careful that the fictitious joints along the tunnel boundary do not influence model response during the initial equilibrium calculation. If the BLOCK CUT TUNNEL command is used, the blocks are automatically joined at the fictitious joints. If BLOCK CUT JOINT-SET commands are used to create fictitious joints, then it is recommended that the block join command be used to join the blocks separated by the fictitious joint. Use the block contact list to identify whether


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WHAT INSTRUMENTS DOES AN EVALUATION INCLUDE?
By Alan Solomon, Ph.D.
A psychological evaluation usually includes a set of instruments that have been in use for many years, developed in as scientific a way as psychology is capable of, and used with a very wide population of subjects to create as much credibility as possible. Typical instruments are:
The above instruments are supplemented by the initial interview to secure history from the parents, as well as clinical interview with the child/adolescent. Depending on the initial questions being raised by the parents, as well as data that are collected during the evaluation, additional instruments may be used. These instruments may provide more specific, specialized information in such areas as attention deficit concerns, perceptual processing/learning disabilities, detailed math skills, reading comprehension, writing skills, or sensory motor skills.
- Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - to evaluate a child's/adolescent's intellectual skills in both verbal and visual realms. An IQ is actually a composite of scores for various question-and-answer tasks and puzzle-like tasks, which measure an individual's skills in such areas as memory, expressive language, social knowledge, analytical thinking, integration of visual stimuli, concentration. The pattern of strengths and weaknesses is what's most important, not the overall scores.
- Wide Range Achievement Test - evaluates basic skills in word attack (phonics), spelling, and written math. In addition to scores, which can be given in terms of grade level or a number comparable to an IQ score, the specific process that a child employs, as well as his/her errors, are very helpful to understand where a child has strengths and weaknesses in academic efforts.
- Bender-Gestalt - evaluates visual organization skills, fine motor skills, and underlying neurological functioning. The individual is asked to copy some geometric designs.
- Thematic Apperception Test - provides material that gives insights into someone's internal world: how they view themselves, relationships, performance expectations, conflict resolution, future possibilities in life. This is an exercise in imaginative story telling, with encouragement/support from the psychologist who writes down stories dictated by the individual to a set of standardized pictures.
- Rorschach - classic inkblot test, in which an individual describes what an inkblot looks like, reminds a person of, or makes someone think of, dictated to the psychologist, who may encourage the individual to expand upon their initial responses. These ten cards also provide some insight into someone's inner world.
As much as possible, an individualized assessment, using particular instruments to provide information needed for each child/adolescent, is developed. This provides an in-depth, detailed understanding of each child with recommendations specifically developed to help each child.
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Mining Visionary
steve Hafey started at Trapper Mine hoping to earn more money than he did as an English teacher and coach. While at Trapper, he has worked to create safety training programs modeled all over the world
In 1929, 2,785 coal miners died in the United States. That number dramatically fell in 1999 only 35 fatalities were reported across the nation.
The mining industry has made significant strides in terms of worker safety, and Craig resident Steve Hafey has been a pioneer in establishing the programs that contribute to a less hazardous work environment for miners and mine support staff.
Hafey got his start in the industry for one reason money. As a school teacher in Stratton, Colo., Hafey was paid $10,000 a year to teach English, coach three sports and work as the school's activity director.
He spent his summers in Northwest Colorado to supplement his teaching salary, hoping the winters wouldn't be as lean and that his growing family wouldn't have to live so frugally.
It was 1974 and construction had just started on the second unit of the Hayden Station Power Plant. Hafey was offered a job starting at $20,000 a year which guaranteed him two years of work in Hayden. He took the job, but soon transferred to Trapper Mine south of Craig. Twenty-three years later, he still makes the winding drive to the mine every day.
When Hafey started work at Trapper Mine, the federal government was having a hard time swallowing the nearly 300 coal mining-related deaths that were the yearly average in the 1970s, and enacted laws requiring miners to undergo extensive annual safety training.
"There was no one experienced in mine safety training, so mines had to create trainers," Hafey said. "You couldn't go out and hire a mine safety trainer in those days. They just didn't exist."
Hafey was an experienced teacher, had worked in construction and had operated heavy equipment, making him a good fit, management thought, for the job of Trapper's safety trainer.
And, he didn't let anyone down.
Hafey helped design and conducted most of the programs used at Trapper to train miners to do their jobs safer. New employees at surface mines are required to have 24 hours of safety training before they can go to work. They also must have eight hours annually of refresher training. Underground miners are required to go through 40 hours of safety training.
Trapper Mine is a surface mine that is respected as a leader in coal industry by mine inspectors. The safety and production programs in place at Trapper are mimicked in mines worldwide and mine representatives from several states and foreign countries have traveled to Trapper Mine to learn how to implement better safety and production programs at their own facilities.
Hafey has since been promoted to the personnel manager at the mine and also has public relations responsibilities. He still trains miners, but on a broader range of topics.
In the 24 years he's been in the business, Hafey has seen employee training change dramatically. Training sessions now include lessons on equal employment opportunities, discrimination, sexual harassment, affirmative action, employee benefits and leadership to name a few. He now does most of the hiring for Trapper, oversees the labor agreement and coordinates union negotiations.
Hafey has seen many changes in the industry in the time he has been with Trapper Mine, with better technology being at the top of the list.
Instead of dictating correspondence to a secretary or writing it long hand for a secretary to type, fold and mail, he can now do all the work himself on a computer, eliminating the need for another position.
"I still have an assistant, but now she does many of the same things I do," Hafey said.
Technology has also made a difference in mining processes, making them more efficient and cost effective.
"We have the same equipment. The draglines are the same ones we used in 1978," Hafey said. "In those days, an operator ran a dragline by the seat of his pants. To some degree he still does, but now he has a computer sitting next to him telling him what's going on."
Bulldozers are equipped with computers that have global positioning systems, which tell the operator exactly where to dig. Now, instead of digging and resurveying an area to see where adjustments have to be made, an operator can dig out an entire area from start to finish to exact specifications.
Hafey is proud of the work he does, and hopes that when he leaves Trapper Mine it will be better than it was when he arrived. He's especially proud of Trapper, and the people at his mine, which he calls "some of the best miners in the world."
"Mines are much safer than they were 50 years ago," he said. "Now mines lead the industry in safety concerns, safety practices and safety innovation. We take care of our people, the land and the environment," he said.
Trapper Mine practices a "safety first, production later" philosophy that has earned it several mine safety awards in the past few years.
"We're still constantly in an improvement mode," Hafey said. "We will never be satisfied until it's perfect."
As he nears the age 60, Hafey is starting to think about retiring, but not slowing down. He coaches several sports, sits on the Moffat County Board of Education, officiates wrestling, baseball and football games across the Western Slope and plays competitive racquetball.
He participated in the World Senior Racquetball Championships and worked as the head referee for the recently completed Class 2A state championship football game.
And he isn't ready to slow down.
After retiring, he plans to continue to coach youth sports, continue to broadcast the state wrestling tournament, work on improving his golf game and spend more time with Fay, his wife of 39 years. He's very proud of her, his four children and five grandchildren.
Until he retires?
"I'm going to continue to promote clean coal as the most important and economical energy resource available that enables Americans to enjoy better and more prosperous lives," he said. "I think that's very important."
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A postdoctoral internship is an important stage in a researcher's career. Although these activities are limited due to the current situation worldwide, there are opportunities for virtual internships. Lithuanian Energy Institute accepted a researcher from the Riga Technical University (_URL_ for a virtual internship at the Center for Hydrogen Energy Technologies, who gained a lot of useful experience during the internship and expanded his knowledge in the field of surface analysis. The results obtained during the internship will be published in joint scientific articles.
It is gratifying that even in such a difficult time, we can provide young researchers the space to gain new experiences and broaden their horizons.


Doctor's Oral Promise to Retire in Future Not Enough To Sustain Healthcare Plaintiff's Fraud Claims
In Heartland Women's Healthcare, Ltd. v. Simonton-Smith, 2021 IL App (5th) 200135-U, the appeals court affirmed summary judgment for an obstetrician sued for fraud based on her alleged verbal promise to retire from her practice at the end of a three-year employment term.
The plaintiff claimed the defendant tricked it into buying her practice by promising to retire. The written agreement resulting from the parties' negotiations contained neither a non-compete term nor a recital that defendant intended to retire at the agreement's conclusion.
The trial court granted summary judgment for the defendant on plaintiff's fraud and negligent misrepresentation claims. Plaintiff appealed.
Affirming, the Fifth District found that the plaintiff failed to produce evidence to support its misrepresentation claims and specifically, to show defendant hatched a "scheme to defraud" the plaintiff.
In Illinois, to state a colorable fraudulent misrepresentation claim, a plaintiff must allege: (1) a false statement of material facts, (2) known or believed to be false by the person making it, (3) an intent to induce a plaintiff to act, (4) action by the plaintiff in justifiable reliance on the truth of the statement, and (5) damage to the plaintiff resulting from the reliance.
A negligent misrepresentation plaintiff must also establish these elements but instead of showing a knowingly false statement, must prove the defendant (i) was careless or negligent in ascertaining the truth of the statement and (ii) owed a duty to the plaintiff to impart accurate information.
In both a fraudulent and negligent misrepresentation claim, the statement must be of an existing or past fact and not merely a promise to do something in the future. The alleged fraud must also be complete at the time of the challenged statement as opposed to an intention to commit a future fraud.
The 'Scheme to Defraud' Exception
Where the false representation of future conduct is the scheme or device employed to accomplish the fraud, a court can restore the parties to the positions they occupied before the fraud was committed. And while courts make clear that something beyond a lone broken promise is usually required to trigger the scheme exception, that "plus-factor" is still elusive.
Some courts require a plaintiff to allege a sustained pattern of repeated false representations [see HPI Health Care Services, Inc. v. Mt. Vernon Hospital, Inc., 131 Ill.2d 145 (1989)] while others [Roda v. Berko (401 Ill.335 (1948), Vance Pearson, Inc. v. Alexander, 86 Ill.App.3d 1105 (1980)] have held that a single promise can trigger the scheme exception.
In cases that have recognized the exception in the single broken promise setting, the plaintiff must generally produce evidence of a defendant's contemporaneous intention not to follow through on the promise. The cases also make clear that whether a plaintiff is proceeding on a course of conduct scheme theory or one that involves only one promise, it must show the defendant's fraudulent intent existed at or before the time of the promise. [25]
Here, the plaintiff could not prove the defendant promised to retire while, at the same time, never intending to fulfill that promise at the outset. For support, the Court quoted both plaintiff's agent's and defendant's deposition testimony. Both testified that while the defendant's future retirement was discussed prior to inking the three-year pact, it was never reduced to writing. The plaintiff also could not pinpoint a definite promise by the defendant to retire when the employment contract lapsed.
As further proof that the defendant never unequivocally promised to retire, the plaintiff's agent testified he even asked the defendant not to retire and that defendant stay beyondthe employment contract's end date. In the end, Plaintiff's evidence did not go far enough to establish either an oral promise to retire at the agreement's conclusion or the defendant's intention not to fulfill that promise.
In finding for the doctor defendant, the Heartland Women's Healthcare Court was careful to respect the boundary between contract and tort law damages – a delineation that, in theory at least, prevents every broken promise from undergirding a fraud claim.
And while the content and outer reaches of the scheme to defraud exception [to the rule that a false promise is not actionable fraud] is still murky, it seems that something beyond a one-off broken promise is generally required. A plaintiff invoking the scheme exception has a better chance of surviving a pleadings motion or summary judgment where it can show a defendant's pattern of repeated broken promises.
Here, the plaintiff alleged only a single misstatement – defendant's supposed oral promise to retire at the conclusion of the employment contract. Without evidence of defendant's contemporaneous intent not to uphold her promise, there wasn't enough evidence of a scheme to defraud to survive summary judgment.
In hindsight, the Plaintiff should have negotiated and codified both a non-compete provision and defendant's imminent retirement as material terms of the contract.
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Shinbrot et. al. / PNAS
What those fishermen were feeling was the Great Hanshin earthquake, and what they were seeing was "earthquake lights." These balls and columns of light that seem to co-occur with seismic activity have been recorded in thousands of anecdotes. They've been recorded scientifically too, but they still defy explanation.
Scientists from Rutgers University may have stumbled upon an answer. They discovered that clumps of fine particles emit electrical voltages just before they crack. A better understanding of this unexpected electrostatic property may one day help to predict earthquakes, avalanches, mine shaft collapses, and bridge failures.
Considering these potential applications, the discovery comes from an unexpected place. Physicist Troy Shinbrot normally studies the ways in which pharmaceutical powders stick together during the manufacturing process. But one day, inspired by historical reports of earthquake lights, Shinbrot decided on a whim to conduct a small experiment with some equipment around the lab. He and his students added a few scoops of finely ground Tylenol into a slowly spinning cylinder, but didn't expect to observe anything interesting.
Like laundry in a washing machine, the powder stuck to the sides of the spinning cylinder and built up there. But after reaching a certain height, the powder would crack and tumble back down to the bottom. (Imagine trying to build a mountain out of flour or some other powdery substance. When the sides get too steep, it comes crumbling down.)
Inside the tumbler, the mini avalanches created voltages higher than 100 volts. That wasn't altogether surprising. Solids such as glass, rock, and ice also produce electrical signals when they break. What was surprising was that the voltage spike sometimes preceded the avalanche by as much as 5 seconds.
"It was shocking," Shinbrot says. "We don't have any explanation for this." He and his team repeated the experiments using different types of containers and powders, including bleached and unbleached flour, plaster, and mortar. But they kept coming up with the same results. "Somehow, pulling powders apart seems to produce a voltage. There has to be something happening on the microscopic level that produces these voltages."
Scott Waitukaitis, a doctoral candidate who studies electrification in granular systems at the University of Chicago, says he suspects that the spark is created when electrically charged particles are pulled apart. Waitukaitis was impressed by how reliably the signal precedes the avalanche. "If we can predict when an avalanche will occur, we may be able to get a little bit of warning before an event like an earthquake. I think that's really big." Although a 5 second heads-up is clearly not enough time to evacuate people from an earthquake zone, Waitukaitis says that with smart grid technologies, perhaps it would be enough warning to turn off sensitive technologies that might explode or cause fires during the quake.
And because ceramic turbines and concrete bridges are also composed of fine particles, a voltage spike might also precede cracking in these structures. Shinbrot says that years or decades from now, a better understanding of the particles' electrical interactions may one day enable technologies that predict breakages before they cause catastrophic damage.
For now, Shinbrot has many more questions: Is there a voltage precursor when using larger particles such as sand or sugar? What happens when the particle sizes are mixed, like they are in the Earth's crust? And does the phenomenon differ across larger scales?
"This is a new effect, and it's very strange," Shinbrot says. "So the big question is: What on earth is going on? Either we've made a mistake, or there's something fundamental and new going on."


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Pictory Review: AI Driven Video Generation Tool
In today's fast-paced digital landscape, creating engaging content is crucial for attracting and retaining an audience. Pictory is here to help. Pictory's features, pros, cons, pricing, and how it compares to its competitors will all be the focus of this Pictory review. So, let's get started!
A brief overview
Pictory is an AI-driven video summarization tool that allows users to transform long-form content into concise, easily digestible videos. Pictory allows creators to make the most out of their content and repurpose it for social media, as well as other platforms that allow short, engaging videos to gain more traction.
The key features
- AI-powered video summarization
- Captions and branding customizable
- Optimization of social media
- Video editing tools
- Analytics and insights
- Multi-platform compatibility
Who is Pictory For?
Pictory is for content creators, marketers and businesses. It can also be used by webinar hosts, educators, podcasters and podcast hosts. It is especially useful for those looking to save time and effort through AI-driven video summarization.
How does Pictory work?
Pictory users can upload their video content. This can be a recorded webinar, podcast, or any other long-form video.
Pictory's AI engine analyzes the uploaded video to generate a summary version with captions, highlights and other information. This saves time and effort that would otherwise be required to manually summarize.
Pictory offers a suite of tools that allows users to edit and customize the summary video once the AI has created it. You can adjust captions and add branding elements to the video, as well as optimize it for social media.
What Does Well
- User Experience: Pictory's interface is user-friendly and intuitive, making it easy for users to navigate and create engaging videos.
- Customizable Templates: Users can customize video elements like captions and branding to match their unique style.
- Audio Editing Pictory offers tools to adjust audio levels and add background music.
- Music Library: Users can access a library of royalty-free music tracks to enhance their videos.
- Video Footage Gallery: Pictory provides stock footage that can be used in your videos.
- Transcription: The platform automatically transcribes uploaded videos, making it easier to generate captions and summaries.
- Subtitles – Users can modify and customize AI-generated captions for accuracy and readability.
- Educational Material: Pictory provides a knowledge base and video tutorials for users to learn more about the platform and its features.
What Can Be Improved?
- Special Effects – Pictory could use more advanced special effects to improve video customization options.
- AI Technology – Although Pictory's AI-driven summarizations are generally accurate, there are still areas for improvement in terms of summaries and captions.
The Pros of Pictory
- Innovative AI-powered video summarization
- User-friendly interface
- Customizable video elements
- Optimization of social media
- Comprehensive editing tools
Cons of Pictory
- Limited special effects
- AI-generated captions may occasionally contain inaccuracies
Pictory offers a range of pricing plans to suit different needs and budgets, including a free plan with basic features and watermarked videos. You can upgrade to a paid plan for additional features and removal of the watermark.
Comparison to competitors
- Pictory and InVideo
Pictory's AI-driven summary makes it stand out from InVideo and Pictory, which both offer video editing and customization. Pictory excels at repurposing long-form content, while InVideo is focused on video creation using templates, stock assets and a drag-and drop editor.
- Pictory and Vidnami
Vidnami, now part of GoDaddy Studio, is a video creation tool that lets users create videos from scratch and convert text into videos. Pictory's strengths lie in its AI-powered summarization. This is not a primary feature. Pictory is better suited for users looking to repurpose long-form content into concise videos.
- Pictory vs Wisecut
Both Pictory (and Wisecut) use AI technology to summarise and edit videos. However, Pictory offers a more comprehensive feature set, including customizable templates, analytics, and multi-platform compatibility. Pictory is more versatile than Wisecut because it focuses on video summarization.
- Pictory and Lumen5
Lumen5 is a video creation platform that specializes in converting text-based content, such as blog posts, into engaging videos. While Pictory and Lumen5 both facilitate content repurposing, Pictory's AI-driven summarization of long-form video content makes it unique, offering a different value proposition.
- Pictory and FlexClip
FlexClip is an online video editor and maker with features like templates, stock assets, and text animations. Pictory's AI-powered video summarization distinguishes it from FlexClip and makes it a more specialized solution for repurposing long-form content.
- Convert Blog Posts Easily into Videos Pictory is focused on summarizing video content, not converting text-based content such as blog posts into videos. Alternatives to InVideo and Lumen5 are available for text-to-video conversion.
- Auto Caption Videos Pictory's AI technology automatically generates captions for summarised videos, allowing users the ability to modify and customize them as they please.
- Auto Summarize Lengthy Videos: Pictory's primary strength is its AI-driven summarization, which automatically condenses long-form videos into shorter, digestible versions.
- 3,000,000 Stock Video Clips: At the moment, Pictory doesn't advertise access to a certain number of stock videos clips. It focuses primarily on repurposing existing content, rather than providing a stock video library.
- AI Realistic Voiceover Artists: Pictory does not offer AI-generated voiceovers. Its primary focus is on video summarization and editing.
Does Pictory Provide a Money-Back Guarantee?
Pictory's website does not mention a money-back guarantee. However, they do offer a free plan for users to test the platform's basic features before committing to a paid subscription.
Customer support and resources
Pictory provides customer support through email and live chat, as well as an extensive knowledge base and video tutorials to help users make the most of the platform.
Privacy & security
Pictory is committed to user privacy and security. We have taken measures to ensure that user data is protected and comply with applicable regulations.
In summary, Pictory is an innovative video summarization tool that excels in transforming long-form content into engaging, digestible videos using AI technology. With a user-friendly interface, customizable templates, and a suite of editing tools, Pictory is an ideal solution for content creators, marketers, and businesses looking to repurpose their content for various platforms.
Pictory's AI-powered video summarization is a significant advantage over competitors such as InVideo, Vidnami and Wisecut. While other platforms may offer a wider range of templates or stock assets, Pictory stands out for its efficiency and time-saving capabilities.
Overall, Pictory is a valuable resource for those looking to maximize their content's potential through innovative AI-driven video summarization.
- Pictory is suitable for beginners?
Pictory's intuitive interface and extensive educational resources make it accessible to users of all levels.
- Does Pictory offer a free trial?
Pictory offers a free plan with basic features, allowing users to test the platform before upgrading to a paid subscription.
- Can I use Pictory for podcasts or webinars?
Yes, Pictory is an excellent tool for repurposing long-form content like podcasts and webinars into engaging, concise videos.
- How accurate is Pictory's AI-generated summarization?
Pictory's AI-driven summarization of Pictory's data is accurate in most cases, but there are occasional errors in summaries or captions. Users have the option to edit and customize the AI-generated content.
- How can I change the look and feel for my Pictory videos?
Yes, Pictory offers a range of customization options, including captions, branding elements, and templates to help users create videos that match their unique style.


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After repair or maintenance, hydrostatic testing Singapore is also applied to existing equipment and pipelines for inspection. Around the period during the plant the number of hydrostatic jobs increases. Because at that time, most devices are opened to check, inspection, cleanup, repair, replace some parts or do internal research.
The use of high pressure is the main source of risk associated with hydrostatic pressure testing. Hydrostatic testing does power stores. High pressure facilities are harmful and there is a risk of worker safety. You can include it in your risky identification.


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Growth management in Washington State provides a new context for regional transportation planning. A major part of this planning involves investigation of the latest information processing techniques and interjurisdictional coordination specifically with regard to transportation and land use linkages. Geographic information system (GIS) applications for transportation can assist transportation planners with data analysis concerned with these linkages. This project has identified information needs in the context of a regional transportation planning process, particularly the needs of Regional Transportation Planning Organizations (RTPOs). Urban and rural contexts are considered. Information processing tasks are elucidated and the software functions that address these tasks are presented. Data sources are identified for urban and rural traffic forecast modeling. Institutional and technical barriers inhibiting access to data for the regional transportation planning process are discussed.
Washington State Transportation Center (TRAC)
Access control (Communications), Data collection, Data processing, Geographic information systems, Governments, Land use, Mathematical analysis, Regional planning, Regional transportation, Rural areas, Software, Traffic forecasting, Transportation planning, Urban areas, Urban growth, Zoning.


Tag Archives: Shenpen Nangwa
Who Gets To Be Omniscient?
Who gets to be omniscient in Tibetan Buddhism? More to the point, who gets to be called omniscient or all-knowing (kun mkhyen), an epithet more readily associated with the Buddha himself?[1] This question surfaced while reading Achim Bayer's carefully researched, recently published monograph on Khenpo Shenpen Nangwa, alias Khenpo Shenga—The Life and Works of mKhan-po gZhan-dga' (1871–1927).
Bayer introduces a citation (p.108) that appears in Shenga's treatise The Mirror that Clearly Reveals the Knowable (Shes bya gsal ba'i me long) where it is credited to the 'later omniscient one' (kun mkhyen phyi ma). Bayer was unable to identify the passage and speculates as to the identity of this later omniscient one. Could it be Longchen Rabjam (1308–1364), he wonders, or possibly Gorampa Sonam Sengge (1429–1489). The fact that there are multiple contenders owes something to Khenpo Shenga's own intellectual development (as described in wonderful detail in Bayer's book), which began with a thorough Nyingma education and evolved over time so that in his Divine Music he expressed a newfound appreciation for, and confidence in, Sakya views.
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and if you Do have the subscription object, update your server database with the latest subscription object. The ready property of the service worker defines whether a service worker is ready to control the page or not.
It returns a promise which resolves to a serviceworker registration object. When the service worker becomes active, the get subscription function returns the subscription object or undefined. If it doesn't exist, we need to perform this check every time. The user accesses our app because it is possible for subscription objects to change during their lifetime. This is the process of subscribing to the push service register, the service worker from the main page main jeaious.
This request goes to the user agent. The user agent returns the service worker registration, object, use the service worker at registration, object to access the push manager API and from that requests are subscribed to the push service. This request is passed on to the push service. The push service returns. The subscription object, which includes the endpoint URL and the public key, save the subscription object data to your server and send push messages from your server to the endpoint URL encrypted with the public key.
Like I said now before sending notifications, we must subscribe to a push service. We call push manager subscribe on the service worker registration object to subscribe and the resulting push subscription object includes all the information. The application needs to send a push me such an endpoint and encryption key needed for sending data each subscription is unique to a service worker. The end point for the subscription is a unique capability.
Url knowledge of the endpoint is all that is necessary to send a message to your application. The endpoint URL therefore needs to be kept secret or other applications might be able to send push messages to your application. Here's an example of the subscription object. This is the object returned from the push service. When we call reg push manage, add subscribe. The subscription object has two parts.
The first part is an endpoint URL. The address on the push service to send messages to this includes an ID that enables the push service to send a message to the correct client and service worker. The second part of the subscription object is the keys property. The p25 6d H key is an elliptic curve, diffie-hellman ECD H public key for message. Encryption. The earth key is an authentication secret that your application server uses in authentication of its messages.
These keys are used by your application, server to encrypt and authenticate messages for the push subscription and, let's see how the process of sending a message is done. The server generates a message encrypted with the public key and then sends it to the endpoint URL in the subscription object. The URL contains the address of the push service along with subscription ID, which allows the push service to identify the client to receive the message.
The message is received in the push service which routed to the right, client and the process of sending a push message from the server works. Like this. A back-end service on your server sends a push message to the push service using the endpoint URL from the subscription object. The message must be encrypted with the public key from the subscription object. The push service uses subscription IDs encoded in the endpoint URL, to send the message to the right user agent.
The push event is picked up by the service worker. The service worker gets the data from the message and displays a notification in this example. We're using Google's web push library for nodejs to send a push message from a node.Js server. The TTL value in the options specifies the time in seconds that the push service should keep trying to deliver the message now. This is important to set correctly some messages.
Have a short life some may be valid for several hours or more. We then pass in the subscription object. Payload and options object to send notification. You need a way to ensure secure communication between the user and your server and between your server and the push service and between the push service and the user. In other words, the user needs to be sure that messages are from the domain. They claim to be from and have not been tampered with by the push service you need to make sure the user is who they claim to be valid, was created to solve this problem.
This vapid identification information can be used by the push service to attribute requests that are made by the same application server to a single entity. This can be used to reduce the secrecy for push subscription URLs by being able to restrict subscriptions to a specific application server. An application server is further able to include additional information. The operator of a push service can use to contact the operator of the application server in order to use vapid, we need to generate a public/private key pair and subscribe to the push service using the public key.
The public key must be first converted from URL base64 to a you in 8 array. This is then passed into the application. Server key parameter in the subscribed method. The web push library, provides a method generate vapid keys, which generates the keys. This should be used once in the command line when push generate vapid, keys, Jason and the keys stored somewhere safe. We can use the web push library to send a message with the required vapid details.
We add a vapid details, object in the options parameter. That includes the parameter required for the request signing now. Let's look at messages from the receiving end in the web. App on the client handling push, events happens in the surface worker, the service worker will be woken up to handle incoming push messages and a push event is fired. This allows your app to react to push messages, for example, by displaying a notification using service worker registration, show notification to display a push notification.
You listen for the push event in the service worker. You get the push message. Data from the push event object in this example, we simply convert the message: data to text The Wrap, show notification in a wait until to extend the lifetime of the push event. Until the show notification promise resolves, the push event will not be reported as successfully completed until the notification has displayed.
You can practice working with the notification and the push API by following the lab that accompanies this article, one small gotcha, don't use private or incognito mode for this lab for security reasons, push notifications are not supported in private or incognito mode. You
Online Marketing
Web Payments (Chrome Dev Summit 2016)
But if you think registration forms are difficult, we should talk about. Checkout forms a lot more form fields, a lot more questions, but I think that you're going to see a consistent theme emerging through, like our talks here today, which is this one of let the browser help you. There are certain advantages that we have as a browser, especially when it comes to reducing friction and making life easier for users, especially things around repetitive data steps, things that the users can store inside of the browser's, but we're trying to do our expose api's and give You tools to reduce, friction and make things easier for your users.
We saw it in Koreans, while management and we'll see a very similar theme with what we're doing in payments, but first a little user activity just before we go off for lunch, which are some questions. Okay, great so first question just curious: how many people here actually enjoy the process of buying something on the web using their mobile device? Okay, good yeah and some people, but by large? No and whether we should come talk.
I'd love to hear like what is that you'd like about buying things on the mobile web and what it is that you don't as much a second question, and I would be really impressed here how many people can remember all the details of their credit card. I'r talking full 60 digit number really CVC on expiration. Okay, it's more than I expected. I got to be honest, like okay, we're still like under 15 %, but okay cuz I've even payments out for like 18 months, and I think I have yet to remember a credit card number, that's great and then okay final question: how many people enjoy the process Of handing over all their sensitive credit card information to a random third party server I'll get one.
It's almost like. I'r asking these questions to lead up to a particular point, and – and there was a points and the reality is that most users finds payment difficult. They find it insecure and scary and frightening and they find the process of doing it on the mobile web, particularly bad, and so we had this number. We talked about it at i/o as well, and it hasn't really changed, which is that on average, we tend to see about 66 percent fewer conversions on mobile than on desktop and again we think there's an answer to that, which is all around again high.
Friction the difficulty and issues around trustworthiness and security, and so we'll talk about sort of how we're addressing those today and how we're trying to bring fast, simple and secure payments to the web platform. But this is a little I'm a p.M. It's a little bit too PME for me actually, and so I have a much better mission for us inside of the chrome team, which is we're trying to save the world from annoying check out forms.
So I'm trying to save the world from virtual keyboards and having to memorize and all of those terrible things. I actually started this joke of the better payments Bureau a couple of months ago, and now it's become like a thing so anyway, but actually Chrome has been fighting the good fight against annoying check out forms for many years. Actually, we start with autofill back in the day, you guys are probably familiar with autofill.
This is my one slide on it. It's


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Figure 6-64.-Grid system components.
Insulation and Vapor Barriers
Heat inflow or outflow has important
effects upon the occupants of a building.
The use of insulation improves comfort conditions and savings in fuel. The materials
commonly used for insulation may be classified
as blanket, batt, loose-fill, reflective, and
rigid. These materials are manufactured in
a variety of forms and types, and their
insulating values vary with the type of construction, kinds of construction materials used,
and thickness of insulation. Figure 6-66 shows
different types of insulation commonly used in
Vapor barriers should be used to keep
moisture from seeping through walls, floors, and
ceiling materials. Among the effective vaporbarrier materials are asphalt laminated papers,
aluminum foil, and plastic film. Most blanket and
batt insulations (fig. 6-66) have paper-backed
aluminum foil on one side to serve as a vapor
Figure 6-65.-Ceiling tile assembly: A. Nailing strip
location; B. Stapling.
Figure 6-66.-Types of insulation: A. Blanket; B. Batt;
C. Fill; D. Reflective (one type); E. Rigid.


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A wise and compassionate guide to raising children who have good character, not just good personalities or high "self-esteem"
The Blessing of a Skinned Knee: Using Jewish Teachings to Raise Self-Reliant Children. By Wendy Mogel. Penguin/Compass, 300 pp., $14, paperback.
By Janice Harayda
Are you a Jewish parent trying to solve the "December dilemma," which Wendy Mogel describes as "resisting the allure of Christmas without building Hanukkah up into a high-stature holiday it was never meant to be"? Are you a parent of another faith who wishes your children would express more gratitude for what they have and fewer complaints about what they don't have this month?
If so, you can walk into almost any bookstore and find good books about how to tone down the materialism of the season. Wendy Mogel deals instead with the broader issue that often lies behind the concerns about holiday excesses: How can you raise children who have their priorities straight? In The Blessing of a Skinned Knee, she gives wise and compassionate answers to the question: How can you help your children develop good character and not just good personalities or high "self-esteem"?
Mogel bases her responses on Jewish teachings and her work as a psychologist and leader of workships for parents, and her advice is so refreshing that her book has won deserved acclaim not just from Jewish leaders but from secular critics and publications such as the Episcopal Schools Review. Mogel rightly argues that many parents are so eager to avoid the mistakes of their own elders that they have given away the store: "In their eagerness to do right by their children, parents not only overindulge them materially, but also spoil them emotionally." They prize their children's feelings so highly that they fail to instill in them an adequate sense of gratitude and of their responsibilities to others, including their parents, teachers, and community.
How can parents undo the damage? Mogel offers a step-by-step guide in which she is unafraid to use words like "should." She is rarely less direct than she is in a comment in her section on the importance of manners: "When taking food and eating it in the presence of a parent, friend, or sibling, your child should always make an automatic habit of offering either to share or to get some for the other person. 'I'm getting myself a glass of orange juice. Would you like one too?' 'Would you like some of these chips?'" And if you think you couldn't get your children to do this, this book may change your mind.
For years Mogel has worked in the Los Angeles area and counseled some of the country's most demanding parents and privileged children. She knows the pressures that high-octane families face and takes a good-humored and down-to-earth approach to them. (Her advice on instilling respect includes a section called "Curing Sitcom Mouth.") Because her book has become so popular, you can also find it in most bookstores. If you're looking for a last-minute Hanukkah present for thoughtful parents, your search has ended.
Best line: "An especially troubling aspect of modern child-rearing is the way parents fetishize their children's achievements and feelings and neglect to help them develop a sense of duty toward others."
Worst line: The cover of The Blessing of a Skinned Knee shows a girl and boy wearing fully loaded backpacks that fall to their hips. These backpacks do not appear to meet the guidelines of the American Academy of Pediatrics: "The backpack should never weigh more than 10 to 20 percent of the student's body weight." _URL_ The AAP suggests a rolling backback for students with a heavy load, which these two are obviously have. The photo shouldn't necessarily be held against Mogel because authors may not have the final say in — or even be consulted about — what goes on the covers of their books.
Editor: Jane Rosenman
Recommended if … you're looking for an antidote to parenting guides with an "anything goes" attitude toward children's behavior.
Published: September 2001 _URL_
© 2006 Janice Harayda. All rights reserved.


Marked nouns: a hit at gender equality?
Jul 7, 2013
On this week's edition of "That's What They Say," host Rina Miller and Professor of English at the University of Michigan Anne Curzan discuss the irksome "ess" added to the end of nouns to indicate a female in words like authoress, actress and governess.
These "ess" words are ubiquitous in the English language. But do we really need them? And does the distinction in fact diminish the word's meaning? This practice in linguistics is called markedness.
Markedness is about an asymmetry in, for example, a pair of words where one is a more neutral term - the dominant term, and one is marked somehow - it's specialized," says Anne Curzan.
Examples include authoress versus the unmarked author, or actor versus actress. In these examples, there's arguably no difference between the marked and neutral term beside the "ess" added to indicate the noun is female. However, as Curzan explains, history has had a pejoration of the marked word due to sexism in the past.
"As a historian of the language I'm struck by these asymmetrical pairs…where the female term undergoes pejoration, or the acquisition of negative, lower status meanings. And it's impossible to disentangle that from a history of sexism."
According to Curzan, "early on, a governor and a governess both governed. But over time, a governess, she governed children, and then she became the teacher of children and no longer had the stature of a governor."
-Austin Davis, Michigan Radio Newsroom


text:
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: _URL_
- Postmodern ethics
- The University of Newcastle. Faculty of Education & Arts, School of Humanities and Social Science
- In Chapter 9 we saw how Jürgen Habermas's ethical theory epitomizes social work's modern ethical tradition, not least his distinction between values, ethics and morals. For Habermas, since all societies and cultures have values, they assume the character of objective facts that are distinguishable from ethics, the socially agreed-upon normative requirements of a particular group or society about what can rightfully be expected from people in that society or group. And ethics are distinguishable from morals, our beliefs about right and wrong. For Habermas morality is personal and Bauman, the major proponent of a postmodern ethics, agrees, but for different reasons.
- Ethics and Value Perspectives in Social Work p. 120-131
- Palgrave Macmillan
- Resource Type
- book chapter


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Britain astonished the Italians yesterday by claiming to have invented lasagne.
Researchers cited The Forme of Cury, thought to be the world's oldest recipe book, which was commissioned by Richard II in 1390. Among the dishes it describes is loseyns (pronounced lasan), made from flat pasta and cheese sauce.
The medieval cook is advised to: "Take good broth and do in an erthen pot. Take flour of paynedemayn and make erof past with water and make erof thynne foyles as paper with a roller; drye it harde and see it in broth."
Then must he: "Take chese ruayn grated and lay it in dishes with powder douce and lay eron loseyns isode as hoole as you myght and above powdour and chese; and so twyse or thryse & serue it forth."
No mention is made of meat or tomatoes, the latter for the good reason that English cooks started using them only 200 years later.
The researchers found the recipe in the book in the British Museum while preparing for a medieval banquet and festival at Berkeley Castle in Gloucestershire.
Maurice Bacon, a spokesman for the event, said: "Very few people know lasagne was created in England. I defy anyone to disprove it because it appeared in the first cookery book ever written.
"When potatoes arrived in this country the use of these pasta noodles died out."
The Italian embassy in London said: "Whatever this old dish was called, it was not lasagne as we make it."
Antonio Carluccio, the chef and restaurant owner, said: "This sounds a bit far fetched to be called lasagne. But I wouldn't mind making it."


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The theoretical maximum speed that a displacement hull can move efficiently through the water is determined by it's waterline length and displacement. It may be unable to reach this speed if the boat is underpowered or heavily loaded, though it may exceed this speed given enough power. Read more.
Classic hull speed formula:
Hull Speed = 1.34 x √LWLA more accurate formula devised by Dave Gerr in The Propeller Handbook replaces the Speed/Length ratio constant of 1.34 with a calculation based on the Displacement/Length ratio.
Max Speed/Length ratio = 8.26 ÷ Displacement/Length ratio.311
Hull Speed = Max Speed/Length ratio x √LWL
A measure of the power of the sails relative to the weight of the boat. The higher the number, the higher the performance, but the harder the boat will be to handle. This ratio is a "non-dimensional" value that facilitates comparisons between boats of different types and sizes. Read more.
SA/D = SA ÷ (D ÷ 64)2/3
A measure of the stability of a boat's hull that suggests how well a monohull will stand up to its sails. The ballast displacement ratio indicates how much of the weight of a boat is placed for maximum stability against capsizing and is an indicator of stiffness and resistance to capsize.
Ballast / Displacement * 100
A measure of the weight of the boat relative to it's length at the waterline. The higher a boat's D/L ratio, the more easily it will carry a load and the more comfortable its motion will be. The lower a boat's ratio is, the less power it takes to drive the boat to its nominal hull speed or beyond. Read more.
D/L = (D ÷ 2240) ÷ (0.01 x LWL)³
This ratio assess how quickly and abruptly a boat's hull reacts to waves in a significant seaway, these being the elements of a boat's motion most likely to cause seasickness. Read more.
Comfort ratio = D ÷ (.65 x (.7 LWL +.3 LOA) x Beam1.33)
This formula attempts to indicate whether a given boat might be too wide and light to readily right itself after being overturned in extreme conditions. Read more.
CSV = Beam ÷ ³√(D / 64)
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text:
Pre-/Post-Knowledge Assessment of an Earth Science Course for Elementary/Middle School Education Majors
From Evaluation Toolkit
This article discusses the benefits of experiencing the process of Earth Science through active learning strategies, and how a simple assessment instrument was developed and used to evaluate a specific course in Earth Science for educators. The course itself was broad in scope and designed specifically to fulfill science requirements for elementary and middle-level education majors. The assessment instrument consisted of statements to which students responded true-false or "I don't know." Based on preand post-course assessments of 108 education majors who took the class over a period of 5 semesters, the researchers reported an average increase in their content knowledge of 30 percent.
Intended for grade levels:
Type of resource:
Adobe Acrobat reader
Cost / Copyright:
We encourage the reuse and dissemination of the material on this site for educational, noncommercial purposes as long as attribution is retained.
DLESE Catalog ID: EVAL-TLKT-000-000-000-110
This resource is referenced by
Resource contact / Creator / Publisher:
National Association of Geoscience Teachers (NAGT)
Journal of Geoscience Education (JGE)
Author: David C. Gosselin
Nebraska Earth Science Education Network, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources
University of Nebraska-Lincolin


text:
Revolution Sun Shield (Single)
This innovative product helps protect your child's delicate eyes and skin from up to 65% of the sun's heat, glare and UVA/UVB rays. It also provides protection from wind and flying insects. The specially designed mesh provides protection while still being transparent enough to allow children to see out and parents to see in. Protectors offer complete front, side, and rear protection.Features:
- Wind-resistant, nylon mesh window shields your child from the sun, wind and flying insects.
- Specially designed mesh screen reduces exposure to the sun's harmful rays.
- Attachment is simple to secure over the stroller.


Question by Rajesh27 (20)
What do you feed to a baby rabbit?
Answer by cpxi (191)
A newborn baby rabbit should have its mother's milk. After weaning, it should have alfalfa and fresh produce such as kale.
Answer by cmunch (97)
Surprisingly enough, should be Kitten Milk or "Kitten Milk Replacer". You can get this at most every pet store or at veterinarian offices. Do not feed them any more than two times per day. Typically they should actually only be fed once per day, but the milk is just a replacement for the baby rabbit's mother's milk. So be careful.
Answer by tmstp6207 (43)
If the baby bunny is less than 4 weeks old, you can find kitten milk replacers at petstores or a vet. After 4 weeks old, they can be weaned.
Answer by cristiana (44)
give them milk powder MILUMIL 2, you prepare the recipe and give them a seringe (no needle of course) you take turns with his hands and put in his mouth the blunt plastic tip of the syringe and push the syringe plunger slightly and steadily Give them three times a day and gradually increase the ratio (milk to be warm)
You have 50 words left!


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Recently, in the April 30, 1999 issue of the journal Science, Drs. Culotta and O'Halloran reported that this second chaperone protein directly supplies a molecule of copper to SOD and showed how the chaperone is a necessary ingredient for the free radical-destroying protein's activity.
"No one thought SOD would need a chaperone," said Dr. Culotta. A long-standing paradox, she noted, was that although in a test tube SOD soaks up copper molecules like a sponge, "[SOD] can't find copper inside a living cell." She and her collaborators now recognize that this is because the potentially dangerous metal is so well hidden, bound up by several protective proteins.
"Only vanishingly small amounts of free metal are normally available in cells, and elevated levels may only be present in disease," said Dr. Peter Preusch, a biochemist at NIGMS. He described the new work as being "of profound significance."
According to Dr. O'Halloran, the recent findings render the copper chaperone a "suspect in the mystery of Lou Gehrig's disease--but suspects are just that. This may be a case of guilt by association."
In a continuing quest to reveal the secrets of how copper traffics throughout a
cell, recently Dr. O'Halloran teamed up with a Northwestern colleague, Dr. Amy
Rosenzweig, to unravel the structure, or three-dimensional shape, of the copper
chaperone protein. Dr. Rosenzweig is well-versed in determining the structures
of proteins, using a technique called X-ray crystallography. In this technique,
scientists bombard a tiny crystal of protein with high-energy X-rays, then piece
together the protein's shape by tracing the directions in which the energy is
scattered. According to Dr. Rosenzweig, knowing what a protein looks like can
say a lot about how it works.
Contact: Alison Davis
NIH/National Institute of General Medical Sciences


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「Adjectives and Adverbs」
Adjectives have polite forms. These include not only simple, polite expressions, but honorific and humble expressions as well.
To make a polite expression
The prefix o- or goadded to an adjective expresses politeness. Basically o- is used for Japanese-origin words and gofor Chinese-origin words. All i-adjectives are Japanese in origin, while most na-adjectives are Chinese in origin. Some Chinese-origin na-adjectives may take o- rather than go-.
Na-adjectives that use o-:
Hope this helps!
°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °こゆうきあいはら°˖ ✧◝(○ ヮ ○)◜✧˖ °