Georgian era
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Georgian era
1714 – 1837 (1837)
The Georgian architecture of The Circus, Bath, built between 1754 and 1768
Preceded by Stuart period
Including Regency Period
Followed by Victorian era
The Georgian era of British history is a period which takes its name from, and is normally defined as spanning the reigns of the first four Hanoverian kings of Great Britain who were all named George: George I, George II, George III and George IV. The era covers the period from 1714 to 1830, with the sub-period of the Regency defined by the Regency of George IV as Prince of Wales during the illness of his father George III. The definition of the Georgian era is often extended to include the short reign of William IV, which ended with his death in 1837. The last Hanoverian monarch of the UK was William's niece Queen Victoria, who is the namesake of the following historical era, the Victorian, which is usually defined as occurring from the start of her reign, when William died, and continuing until her death.
The term Georgian is typically used in the contexts of social history and architecture.
Georgian society and its preoccupations were well portrayed in the novels of writers such as Henry Fielding, Mary Shelley and Jane Austen, characterised by the architecture of Robert Adam, John Nash and James Wyatt and the emergence of the Gothic Revival style, which hearkened back to a supposed golden age of building design.
The flowering of the arts was most vividly shown in the emergence of the Romantic poets, principally through Samuel Taylor Coleridge, William Wordsworth, Percy Bysshe Shelley, William Blake, John Keats, Lord Byron and Robert Burns. Their work ushered in a new era of poetry, characterised by vivid and colourful language, evocative of elevating ideas and themes.
The paintings of Thomas Gainsborough, Sir Joshua Reynolds and the young J. M. W. Turner and John Constable illustrated the changing world of the Georgian period - as did the work of designers like Capability Brown, the landscape designer.
Religious and social change[edit]
It was a time of immense social change in Britain, with the beginnings of the Industrial Revolution which began the process of intensifying class divisions, and the emergence of rival political parties like the Whigs and Tories.
In rural areas the Agricultural Revolution saw huge changes to the movement of people and the decline of small communities, the growth of the cities and the beginnings of an integrated transportation system but, nevertheless, as rural towns and villages declined and work became scarce there was a huge increase in emigration to Canada, the North American colonies (which became the United States during the period) and other parts of the British Empire.
Social reform under politicians such as Robert Peel and campaigners like William Wilberforce, Thomas Clarkson and members of the Clapham Sect began to bring about radical change in areas such as the abolition of slavery, prison reform and social justice. An Evangelical revival was seen in the Church of England with men such as George Whitefield, John Wesley (later to found the Methodists), Charles Wesley, Griffith Jones, Howell Harris, Daniel Rowland, William Cowper, John Newton, Thomas Scott, and Charles Simeon. It also saw the rise of Non-conformists and various dissenting groups such as the Reformed Baptists with John Gill, Augustus Toplady, John Fawcett, and William Carey.
Philanthropists and writers such as Hannah More, Thomas Coram, Robert Raikes and Beilby Porteus, Bishop of London, began to address the social ills of the day, and saw the founding of hospitals, Sunday schools and orphanages.
Fine examples of distinctive Georgian architecture are Edinburgh's New Town, Georgian Dublin, Grainger Town in Newcastle Upon Tyne, and much of Bristol and Bath.
The Georgian era was moreover a time of British expansion throughout the world. There was continual warfare, including the Seven Years' War, known in America as the French and Indian War (1756–63), the American Revolutionary War (1775–83), the French Revolutionary Wars (1792–1802), the Irish Rebellion of 1798, and the Napoleonic Wars (1803–15). The British won all the wars except for the American Revolution, where the combined weight of the United States, France, Spain and the Netherlands overwhelmed Britain, which stood alone without allies.[1]
Mercantilism was the basic policy imposed by Britain on its colonies.[2] Mercantilism meant that the government and the merchants became partners with the goal of increasing political power and private wealth, to the exclusion of other empires. The government protected its merchants—and kept others out—by trade barriers, regulations, and subsidies to domestic industries in order to maximise exports from and minimise imports to the realm. The government had to fight smuggling, which became a favourite American technique in the 18th century to circumvent the restrictions on trading with the French, Spanish or Dutch. The goal of mercantilism was to run trade surpluses, so that gold and silver would pour into London. The government took its share through duties and taxes, with the remainder going to merchants in Britain. The government spent much of its revenue on a large and powerful Royal Navy, which not only protected the British colonies but threatened the colonies of the other empires, and sometimes seized them. The colonies were captive markets for British industry, and the goal was to enrich the mother country.[3]
The loss of some of the American Colonies in the American War of Independence was regarded as a national disaster and was seen by some foreign observers as heralding the end of Britain as a great power. In Europe, the wars with France dragged on for nearly a quarter of a century, _PHONE_. Victory over Napoleon at the Battle of Trafalgar (1805) and the Battle of Waterloo (1815) under Admiral Lord Nelson and the Duke of Wellington brought a sense of triumphalism and political reaction.[4]
The expansion of empire brought fame to statesmen and explorers such as Clive of India and Captain Cook, and sowed the seeds of the worldwide British Empire of the Victorian and Edwardian eras which were to follow.
Politics and social revolt[edit]
With the ending of the War with France, the United Kingdom entered a period of greater economic depression and political uncertainty, characterised by social discontent and unrest. The Radical political party published a leaflet called The Political Register, also known as "The Two Penny Trash" to its rivals. The so-called March of the Blanketeers saw 400 spinners and weavers march from Manchester to London in March 1817 to hand the Government a petition. The Luddites destroyed and damaged machinery in the industrial north-west of England. The Peterloo Massacre in 1819 began as a protest rally which saw 60,000 people gathering to protest about their living standards, but was quelled by military action and saw eleven people killed and 400 wounded. The Cato Street Conspiracy of 1820 sought to blow up the Cabinet and then move on to storm the Tower of London and overthrow the government. This too was thwarted, with the conspirators executed or transported to Australia.
Upon the death of his second cousin Queen Anne, George Louis, Elector of Hannover succeeds as the new King, George I, of Great Britain and Ireland, the former of which had itself been established in 1706. This is the beginning of the House of Hanover's reign over the British Crown.
The Whig Party wins the British Parliamentary Election for the House of Commons. This was the party that was in general opposition of the policies of the King.
George I dies and his son George, Prince of Wales ascends to the throne as George II
The final Jacobite rising is crushed at the Battle of Culloden.
George II dies, and his grandson George, Prince of Wales ascends to the throne as George III, since his father, Frederick, Prince of Wales, had died in March 1751.
Britain is victorious in the Seven Years War. The Treaty of Paris of 1763 grants Britain domain over vast new territories around the world.
The Stamp Act is passed by the Parliament of Great Britain, causing much unrest in the Thirteen Colonies in North America.
Australia and New Zealand are claimed as British colonies.
The War of Independence begins in the Thirteen Colonies, specifically in Massachusetts.
The Thirteen Colonies in North America declare their independence from the British Crown and British Parliament.
The British Army in America under Lord Cornwallis surrenders to George Washington after its defeat in Yorktown, Virginia in October 1781.
British formally recognises the independence of the original 13 American States when the Treaty of Paris of 1783 is signed by David Hartley, representing George III, and by the American treaty delegation.
Australia is settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January.
The Act of Union 1800 comes into effect on 1 January, uniting the Kingdoms of Great Britain and of Ireland into the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
George, Prince of Wales begins his nine-year period as the regent (he became known as George, Prince Regent) for George III, who has become delusional. This sub-period of the Georgian Era is defined as the regency period.
Napoleon I of France is defeated by the Seventh Coalition under The Duke of Wellington at the Battle of Waterloo, in what is now Wallonia, Belgium.
The Peterloo Massacre occurs


CPEC: Symbol of Regional Integration | Dr Muhammad Khan
The concept of globalisation can well be defined as global interconnectedness, which is achieved through regional connectivity. The regional connectivity in turn is achieved through the development of communication network between two or more states and even within the boundaries of a state. In summary, the essence of globalisation is interconnectedness, achieved through world-wide, "Widening,Read More


Best answer: What is a volunteer vine?
What are volunteer plants?
Volunteer plants are those that come up in the garden with no effort on your part. They germinate from seeds dropped by flowers in previous years or seeds can arrive stuck to the fur and skin of small animals.
What is the purpose of a vine?
Vines can be fragrant, colorful, fruiting, attract hummingbirds and butterflies. They can be ground covers and provide privacy and shade. They are truly multifunctional. Many people don't realize that there are two distinctive types of vines.
Why are plants called volunteers?
A plant is called a volunteer when it grows in an area it wasn't planted. These can either be desirable or undesirable plants.
What is a volunteer vegetable?
What are the characteristics of a vine?
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What is the difference between a vine and a tree?
Trees grow independently whereas vines find a host plant, frame, fence, wall and attach themselves with tendrils. I have seen many instances where vines can strangle the host tree by wrapping around the trunk. As the vine grows thicker is squeezes the trunk which eventually strangles in inner layer we call cambium.
Why is vine dead?
On October 27, 2016, Vine announced that Twitter would be discontinuing the Vine mobile app. … Vine executives and co founders were supposedly against monetization and did not take money from many brands, which is said to have led to Twitter's discontinuation of the service.
What is a volunteer corps?
AVS helps identify volunteer opportunities, promote volunteerism, and connect Soldiers, family members, civilians, retirees and community members to legitimate service organizations. …
What is a volunteer tomato?
A volunteer plant of any type is a plant that grows somewhere you did not intentionally plant or seed it. … When you see a tomato plant sprout somewhere you didn't plant it, you may be tempted to keep it and let it grow. There are some good reasons to do so, like harvesting more tomatoes later.
What are volunteer potatoes?
Latin names: Solanum tuberosum L. Volunteer Weeds. Potatoes are often seen growing as casuals on tips and waste ground but it is the volunteer potatoes found in arable fields that are the weed problem. These arise from seeds, tubers and tuber pieces that remain in the soil following an earlier potato crop.
What is Bulb to seed method?
But bulb to seed method is most commonly used method of seed production. a) Bulb to seed method of onion seed production: In this method, the seed is sown in raised bed at 4-5 cm spacing for raising the seedling. The seedlings of 12-15 cm length are transplanted and this height attained 7-8 weeks after the seed sowing.
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Are volunteer squash plants edible?
Yes, the squash growing in your compost pile are edible, but there's a very good chance they won't be tasty. They might have a tough texture, too.
How do you transplant a volunteer tomato?
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Time and Attendance Systems
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source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Traffic incidents are a major source of congestion. Traffic incident management (TIM) consists of "a planned and coordinated multi-disciplinary process to detect, respond to, and clear traffic incidents so that traffic flow may be restored as safely and quickly as possible. Effective TIM reduces the duration and impacts of traffic incidents and improves the safety of motorists, crash victims, and emergency responders." (FHWA Traffic Incident Management Website
) The National Traffic Incident Management Coalition (NTIMC) has adopted the National Unified Goal
(NUG) for TIM to "achieve enhanced responder safety; safe, quick traffic incident clearance; and more prompt, reliable, interoperable communications." About half of congestion is caused by temporary disruptions that take away part of the roadway from use, or "non-recurring" congestion. The three main causes of non-recurring congestion are: incidents ranging from a flat tire to an overturned hazardous material truck (25 percent of congestion), work zones (10 percent of congestion), and weather (15 percent of congestion). Non-recurring events dramatically reduce the available capacity and reliability of the entire transportation system. TIM has received increased attention in recent years as agencies, including transportation and emergency responders, have deployed more personnel and financial resources in this area to improve road user and worker/responder safety, improve mobility and reliability, reduce green-house emissions, and mitigate other environmental impacts. TIM related analytical procedures (for estimation of impacts, benefit/cost of program/strategies, resource allocation, etc.) have made rapid progress, and many agencies have developed their own methods/tools to support improved decisionmaking. Also, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), with the help of 11 focus states, has identified three incident specific performance measures for data collection and analysis, i.e., roadway clearance time, incident clearance time, and secondary incidents. However, there are inconsistencies in TIM related estimation methods, and guidance is needed on what should be considered reasonable for accurate TIM program assessment and operations performance measurement under data rich and poor scenarios. In the absence of such guidance, it is very difficult to accurately determine and/or compute economic benefits of these programs and TIM strategies and the use of this information in various evaluations and decision support systems. This is also important to have a better understanding of the scope of the problem and preparing a consistent message related to impacts and benefits that can also be used in training.
The objective of this research is to develop a guidance document for analyzing and quantifying the impacts of traffic incidents and the economic benefits of TIM strategies. The guidance shall be useful and applicable for TIM program mid-level managers/analysts in planning and operations for a broad spectrum of transportation and incident responding agencies with varying TIM program maturity levels and a variety of data collection capabilities.
The guidance document should include:
- Methodologies for quantifying impacts of traffic incidents and benefits of TIM strategies.
Note: This includes scenarios in both data rich and poor environments. The methodologies should address relevant cost factors.
- Demonstrative applications of the methodologies developed.
- Validation of commonly used and/or developed new TIM statistics for framing consistent messages.
- Incident (type and severity) related capacity reduction estimates for different roadway types.
The guidance should provide analysis methodologies addressing:
- Traffic incidents and congestion;
- Secondary incidents; and
- Capacity reductions due to incidents in a simple and consistent manner that is credible.
Further, the guidance should enable:
- Accurate assessment of an agency's TIM strategies and communication of results to decisionmakers.
- Quantification of impacts and benefits that can be used in developing operational performance measures.
- Consideration of quantitative factors such as: safety, mobility, reliability, emissions, business, and freight impacts.
- Understanding the relationships between elements, such as roadway type, primary and secondary incidents, level of congestion, capacity reductions due to incidents, etc.
- Analytical estimation of secondary incidents based on factors such as incident location, duration, severity, traffic flow, and congestion.
The Highway Capacity Manual 2010 (HCM 2010) includes capacity reduction estimates due to lane blockages on freeways. There is a need for this information to also be validated with new data considering various road and traffic conditions. Also, there is a need for determining reduction in capacity estimates for other types of roadways to improve accuracy and application of TIM related analytical procedures.
A key aspect of the research plan is providing opportunities for the project panel to review and oversee the work. The research plan should describe a suitable number of appropriate checkpoints and interim deliverables and include at least one interim report to be presented at a face-to-face meeting and an appropriate number of web-enabled teleconferences (including one within 1 month of the contract's execution date). The final report should include: (1) an executive summary, (2) documentation of the entire research project, (3) guidance document, and (4) recommendations for updating the HCM 2010 incident related roadway capacity tables as stand-alone appendices. The final deliverables should also include a Microsoft® PowerPoint presentation describing the background, objectives, research method, findings, and conclusions. The research team will be expected to present the results, at a minimum, at two meetings of AASHTO committees or other relevant national organizations to be determined by the NCHRP. This must be accounted for in the budget and a no-cost time extension may be approved if necessary.
STATUS: Proposals have been received in response to the RFP. The panel will meet in January 2013 to select a contractor to perform the work.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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PatientClick is fully compatible with picture archiving and communication system (PACS).
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Seed Treatment Options For Onion Products
»Seed treatments and enhancements can improve stand establishment, survival, and quality and appearance of onions.
»Seed enhancements include seed priming and seed coating procedures.
»Seed treatment insecticides and fungicides can protect yield potential from losses to onion pests and diseases.
Onion seed can be treated in several ways prior to planting to improve the quality and yield potential of the resulting crop. The term "seed treatment" typically refers to the application of insecticides and/or fungicides to the seed to help protect the seeds and young seedlings from insect pests and fungal pathogens. On the other hand, the term "seed enhancement" usually refers to other processes, such as seed coatings or pelleting, seed priming, or post-priming procedures that are intended to improve the handling and planting of seed, reduce the time to termination, or increase uniformity of seedling emergence. Seminis sells onion seeds for different markets and growers can purchase seed with seed enhancements or seed treatments or both. Non-treated onion seed is also available.
The first step in germination is the imbibition of water by the seed. This imbibition of water starts the physiological processes that allow the seed to break dormancy and germinate. One way to speed the process of germination after planting is by priming the seed before planting. Seed priming is defined as "pretreatment of seeds by various methods in order to improve seed germination rate, percentage germination, and improve uniformity of seedling emergence by controlling the water available in the seed."1
Typically seeds are soaked in a water solution to start the germination process, but then they are dried before they actually sprout. Once planted, primed seed emerge more quickly and more uniformly than non-primed seed. However, priming usually shortens the shelf-life of the seed, so seed should be planted within six to twelve months of priming.
During the priming process, proteins and sugars that protect seed from damage during dormancy are broken down, as they would no longer be needed if the seed were to continue to germinate. When seed are dried before sprouting, they no longer contain most of these protective proteins and sugars. Post-priming enhancement is a process initiated after priming but before re-drying. It is intended to promote the reforming of these proteins and sugars to help protect the seed after priming. Because onion seed are fairly small and irregularly shaped, they can be difficult to plant mechanically. The application of seed coatings can improve handling and planting by making the seed more uniform and spherical. Coatings can also help applied seed treatment products remain on the seed.
There are three basic types of seed coatings (Figure 1). Film-coats are very thin and do not change the shape, size, or weight of the seed, and they can help reduce water loss.2 Encrustments are somewhat thicker, making the seed more uniform in shape, more spherical, and slightly heavier.
Encrusted seed are easier to plant than non-coated seed when using a vacuum seeder. Pelleted seed have the thickest coatings, are more uniform in size and shape, and are heavier. Pelleted seed are easier to handle and plant in operations using beltor vacuum-seeders. Growers can choose to have a seed treatment applied, and Seminis offers a three coating types for onion with and without seed treatment.
Encrustments and pellets have the added advantage of being able to physically separate seed treatment products from the seed. It has been shown that some insecticides can be phytotoxic, and may result in lower viability and germination if applied directly to the seed. The added layer of material between the seed and product can reduce this problem.
Seed treatment products are applied to the seed to protect seeds and seedlings from insect pests and seed/soilborne pathogens. Seed treatment products are usually applied at very low rates directly to the seed, and they are very cost effective with minimal environmental impact.
Onions planted in the muck soils of the eastern United States and Canada tend to have more problems with soilborne diseases and insects than do onions planted in the more mineral soils of the western states because the conditions for survival and infection are more favorable in these eastern locations. As a result, different seed treatment products are typically used in different planting areas.
The cool wet conditions in the eastern U.S. and Canada promote the development of damping-off diseases caused by pathogens such as species of Pythium, Fusarium, and Rhizoctonia. These pathogens reside in the soil and attack seeds and seedlings, both before and after emergence. Seed rots can also result from fungi, such as Aspergillus, Botrytis, and Penicillium species, which are on or in the seed prior to planting, and these fungi colonize and rot the seed when moisture becomes available. Both seed rots and damping-off result in poor stand establishment and reductions in yield.
In the drier growing regions of the western U.S., damping-off and seedling blight caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia solani tend to be the biggest problems, although, the seed rot and other damping-off pathogens can cause disease under certain circumstances in these areas as well.3
Onion maggot and seedcorn maggot are both insects that feed on and damage onion plants. The insects overwinter as pupae in the soil. Adults emerge in the spring and lay eggs in the soil near onion plants. Larvae burrow into the basal plate of the plant and begin to feed on bulb tissue. Damaged seedlings wilt and can eventually die. Two more generations of the onion maggot insect develop during the season. Seed treatments can protect seedlings from feeding by the first generation larvae, and this can reduce the number of subsequent generations that develop in the field.5
In eastern areas of the U.S., where disease and insect pressures are high, treatment with FarMore® FI500 can be useful. FarMore® FI500 contains the same mix of fungicides found in FarMore® 300 plus the insecticides Regard® and Cruiser®. These insecticides are especially helpful in areas where the insects have developed resistance to previously used insecticides. Cruiser®, in particular, is useful because it can systemically control additional pests, such as aphids, onion thrips, and wireworms. Please note that this seed treatment combination is currently only available in the U.S. and cannot be sold to growers and customers in Canada.
1 National Agricultural Thesaurus and Glossary. _URL_
2 Taylor, A. G., Hoepting, C. A., Nault, B. A., Lorbeer, J. W., and. McDonald, M. R. 2008. Onion seed treatment and coating technologies. Acta Hortic. 782, 129-134.
3 du Toit. L., Holms, B., Twomey, M., Gatch E. 2008. Evaluation of seed treatments for soilborne damping-off pathogens and seedborne fungi of onion. PDMR 3:ST021.
4 Delahaut, K. and Stenenson, W. 2004. Onion disorder: Smut. A3796. University of Wisconsin Cooperative Extension.
5 Smith, E. and Nault, B. 2014.Onion maggot Delia antique. Cornell University, NYS IPM Fact sheets for vegetables.
For additional agronomic information, please contact your local seed representative. Developed in partnership with Technology, Development & Agronomy by Monsanto.
Individual results may vary, and performance may vary from location to location and from year to year. The information provided in this communication may not be an indicator of results you may obtain as local growing, soil and weather conditions may vary. Growers should evaluate data from multiple locations and years whenever possible. ALWAYS READ AND FOLLOW PESTICIDE LABEL DIRECTIONS. The recommendations in this article are based upon information obtained from the cited sources and should be used as a quick reference for information about growing onions. The content of this article should not be substituted for the professional opinion of a producer, grower, agronomist, pathologist and similar professional dealing with this specific crop.
SEMINIS DOES NOT WARRANT THE ACCURACY OF ANY INFORMATION OR TECHNICAL ADVICE PROVIDED HEREIN AND DISCLAIMS ALL LIABILITY FOR ANY CLAIM INVOLVING SUCH INFORMATION OR ADVICE. 160329062906 042116DME


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Future water availability for global food production: it is of particular concern what can be foreseen for the already water meeting current and future water. Untreated ballast water discharge from ships can spread treating ships' ballast water: filtration treating ships' ballast water: filtration preferable to. Governments should increase resilience to cope with droughts and flooding due to climate change or else face water crises in the future, says world water council's. Drought response plan, now retitled to water shortage snow and windstorms that result in power failures can result in water shortage foreseen at the advisory.Download


Top 10 biggest Historical Mysteries
Our history has enormous stories including some we haven't yet found. These biggest historical mysteries bewildering researchers for many years but still, these have remained uncertain. Perhaps the new generation may find out them. We have a list of some mysteries in them that haven't solved yet. Maybe you know some of them. Have a look at the 10 biggest historical mysteries.
10: Mystery of Bermuda triangle
The Bermuda triangle is also notorious for the "Devil's Triangle". It situates in the western part region of the North Atlantic Ocean. Here numerous ships and aircraft have disappeared mysteriously. Nobody knows about this mystery that what happened with them. In one article by Miami Herald in 1950, published the disappearance about it. Many trustworthy sources denied this idea of mystery. Even the surrounding areas of the Bermuda triangle are extremely traveled lanes in the world. Many ships cross through it for the ports of America, Europe, and the Caribbean island. Almost regularly the cruise ships and crafts sail through it and aircrafts flyover from it. According to many people, it is still a mysterious land and counts in the biggest historical mysteries in the world.
09: Mysteries about Pyramids in Egypt
The mysteries about pyramids in Egypt also includes in biggest historical mysteries in the world. Pyramids are one of the familiar symbols of the historical Egyptian Pharaohs. Even these multifarious tombs built only the divergent portions of their civilization. It built around the 1st dynasty with a unique shape. One of the durable mysteries of the pyramids axis is how they were built and what was the purpose of making this type of tomb. Maybe some secrets behind it included still one of the mysteries.
08: Mystery of Green Children
During the 12th century, the village of Woolpit in Suffolk, England had reportedly two children with unusual skin color. They conversed in a strange language and ate just raw beans. Ultimately they learned to eat other foodstuffs and gradually lost their green color. But the boy couldn't survive in that environment became sick and died soon. After that girl adjusted in her new life and learned the English language. She told that they came from Saint Martin's land, a subterranean planet. Still, it counted in the biggest historical mysteries that haven't solved.
07: A mysterious Manuscript
The Voynich manuscript, recognized as an old book for almost 500 years. It wrote in a mysterious language that still no open can understand. In 1912, this book got the name after Wilfrid Voynich who bought this book in Italy. Many people tried to understand this book but no was succeeded yet. It counted in one of the biggest historical mysteries. Now a recent theory told that it could be a women's health medical book but quickly it was debunked.
06: Phaistos Disc
Likewise the Voynich manuscript, the Phaistos Disc is also an additional mystery in the biggest historical mysteries that nobody can interpret. It is a clay disc made of some time during the Bronze Age that revealed in 1908. It enclosed with puzzling mysterious symbols. Some proposed that it might have been a type of board game or desired to the supernatural being of fertility. Hence, it is still unsolved.
Read More: Top 10 Historic Prisons in The World
05: The lost colony of Roanoke
Roanoke Island placed on the coast of North Carolina. It recognized by the English settlers in 1587. John White departed it for most supplies in England. He left his wife and children here. Because of the impending war with Spain, he couldn't come back early. When he returned here in 1590, he saw the whole colony had vacant. No one was there. The fortune of the first colonist of Roanoke Island is still a mystery. It is one of the American's biggest historical mysteries in the earth.
04: Mysterious Antikythera mechanism
The Antikythera mechanism was a historical analog computer in the world. It believed to make by ancient Greek scientists around 100-150 B.C. This included one of the biggest historical mysteries in the world. It used to predict astronomical positions and even though tell about eclipses. It remained a mystery because mechanical clocks made in the 14th century, Europe.
03: Mysterious Dancing Plague
In the 15th century, a mysterious plague hit the Strasbourg. It recognized as "dancing plague" A woman whose name was Frau Troffea turned into a slender street and suddenly start dancing. Unintentionally the dancing fever gripped her for many days. After that, it began to suffer others. Because of this around 400 people became infected with the so-called mysterious dancing plague. Even some of them died due to heart attacks and fatigue by this plague. In its climax, probably this plague killed almost 15 people daily. The doctors thought that it was due to hot blood that urged them to dance. However, the mystery is still unsolved that what the reason was for. It consisted of historical biggest mysteries.
2: Mystery of Taboot-e-Sakina
Firstly the Taboot-e-Sakina blessed to Hazrat Adam (A.S) then afterward others prophets according to inheritance. Taboot held some important things like Lauh-e-Quran, Hazrat Musa's Aasa, the original version of Tauraat and some special utensils, etc. It believed that Taboot bestowed to Hazrat Dawood (A.S). He decided to make it for the temple but it didn't complete in his life. After that it completed in Hazrat Suleman (A.S)'s life, that's why it named the Haikal-e-Suleimani. The Taboot remained saved until the attackers of Babul. After attack Taboot-e-sakina misplaced and still didn't find. Some believed that many be Babylon attackers who took it with them. It is one of the biggest historical mysteries in the world.
01: Mysterious Mohenjo-Daro
Mohenjo-Daro was mysterious land of Pakistan that emerged around 4500 years ago. It was advance, prosperous and fully furnished with the latest technology. Its water supply system, disposal system was unique in ancient time. It is the biggest historical mysteries in the world that how they knew the latest technologies and what happened with it that it destructed. It is still a puzzle for many of us.


text:
The field of ecology and evolution represents an area of interdisciplinary research that is focused on understanding the biodiversity of Earth, how evolution generates biodiversity, how a diversity of species interact with each other and the environment, and the impact of humans. Understanding ecology and evolution is critical because many of the world's most pressing issues are environmental issues. Global warming, acid rain, water resources, chemical pollution, invasive species, emerging diseases, and declining biodiversity are just a few of the environmental issues that students from our program will be trained to address.
Our research focuses on many of these most pressing issues including the effects of contaminants and invasive species on aquatic communities, the ecology of microbial communities, disease ecology, the evolution of phenotypic plasticity, and climate change. Additional resources include research and educational opportunities at the Darrin Fresh Water Institute (DFWI) located on Lake George in the Adirondacks. The DFWI conducts a diverse array of programs in freshwater biology and environmental sciences and is actively involved in the Jefferson Project.
The Jefferson Project at Lake George was established in 2013 as a strategic partnership between Rensselaer, IBM, and the FUND for Lake George with the overarching goal to understand and manage complex factors that threaten one of the world's most pristine natural ecosystems. Rensselaer students and faculty are directly involved in the Jefferson Project using an unprecedented array of new tools which will fuse monitoring, modeling, simulation, experimentation and forecasting to inform and compel decisionmaking for lasting protection of Lake George. This powerful model will deliver ecological benefits that will be felt throughout the U.S. and globally.


text:
In order for a student to enroll in online courses through Schuylkill County Online Learning, school districts must:
- Sign a memorandum of understanding (MOU)
- Establish a central office liaison for decision making
- Establish a building-level liaison for student-related decisions
- Determine district online education implementation policies and procedures (e.g., report cards, truancy, graduation projects)
Once an MOU is in place, the student enrollment process is as follows:
- Building-level liaison from school district submits an Online Enrollment Data Form to Schuylkill County Online Learning.
- SIU contacts student/family to complete the enrollment process.
- SIU schedules a student orientation to help students navigate through online courses, review policies and student responsibilities, and provide any necessary equipment.
SCHOOL DISTRICT INQUIRIES
For more information about the possibility of providing the Schuylkill County Online Learning program to students in your district, school personnel should contact Diane Best or Vince Hoover at _EMAIL_ or _PHONE_.


text: The europe gas turbine market size is anticipated to expand at a CAGR of 2.8% during the forecast period, 2021 – 2028. The growth of the market is attributed to impact of the shale gas revolution. A gas turbine is also called a combustion turbine. It is a type of continuous and internal combustion engine. The main elements of gas turbine engine are upstream rotating gas compressor, combustor, downstream turbine, and turbine electric generator.


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I've been working on this for a while. This code:
Log.i(TAG, "stroke style: " + paint.getStyle());
Log.i(TAG, "stroke cap: " + paint.getStrokeCap());
canvas.drawPoint(p.x, p.y, paint);
prints 'STROKE' and 'ROUND' to the logs, but draws a black SQUARE to the map! Anyone know what I need to be doing differently to produce a dot instead of a square!?
EDIT I'm going to give the below suggestion(s) of using drawCircle a shot, but I was just confused I guess because everything I've read indicates you should be able to indicate you want a circle that way. One example being this google book entry
share|improve this question
I think cap options are for Paths and not for Shapes. – S.D. Feb 25 '13 at 18:46
3 Answers 3
up vote 0 down vote accepted
you can try drawCircle() with p.x and p.y as center (first and second argument) and use 1 or 2 as radius depend on how big you want the dot to be and use the paint with stroke style FILL..
share|improve this answer
Try to use drawCircle instead
circlePaint.setColor(0xFFFF0000); //opaque red
float radius = 10f; //10 pixels
canvas.drawCircle(p.x, p,y, radius, circlePaint);
share|improve this answer
It draws correctly if you draw to a canvas backed by a bitmap. It doesn't seem to draw correctly if you draw directly to the screen (i.e. a canvas passed to a View's onDraw() method). Another way of getting around the problem is, therefore, to first render to a bitmap and then draw that to the screen.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


text:
Sick of Guessing What Weekday Will Be Christmas? New Calendar Has You Covered
If you're tired of starting every year wondering what day of the week your birthday will fall on or the exact date of Labor Day, two professors at Johns Hopkins University have your back. They've proposed a new calendar that would eradicate any such mystery.
After years of research and planning, astrophysicist Richard Conn Henry and applied economist Steve Hanke devised a calendar they say would make it easy to plan annual activities like holidays and academic schedules.
"Think about how much time and effort are expended each year in redesigning the calendar of every single organization in the world, and it becomes obvious that our calendar would make life much simpler and would have noteworthy benefits," said Henry.
So how would it work? Every third month on the new calendar would have 31 days and the others would have just 30, adding up to a total of 364 days, while leap years would be dropped in favor of an extra week at the end of December every five or six years.
The pair say their calendar is better than previous alternative calendars because it keeps each week at seven days, respecting the beliefs of those opposed to violating "the Fourth Commandment about keeping the Sabbath Day."
Henry and Hanke also want to eliminate time zones, instead adopting a universal time around the world to streamline international business.
Hanke knows convincing people to adopt all the changes would be difficult, but adds, "Our job is to get the science right and get the idea ventilated, and make the argument and do the advocacy if it's necessary, and let the chips fall where they may."


Israeli Eugenics: Forced Birth Control for Ethiopian Jewish Immigrants
Compulsory birth control is not the same as forced sterilization, though I would argue that they exist within the same spectrum. While the former is (usually) reversible and (usually) doesn't threaten a woman's health, mandated birth control and sterilization are both eugenic techniques. Adding to that concern for the Ethiopian immigrants is the unquestionably unethical practice of injecting them without their knowledge or consent.
There is a long history in this country (and in many others, including Nazi Germany) of controlling "undesirable populations," usually beginning with citizens with physical or cognitive disabilities. That policy extended to racial and ethnic groups deemed "undesirable" as well, demonstrating the slippery rhetorical slope by which being the "wrong" skin color becomes conflated with deviance and disability. The U.S.'s sterilization efforts against Puerto Rican women, American Indian women, and African American women likewise attempt(ed) to manage people groups in order to stabilize power in the hands of those who already wielded it.
Population control is more often about percentages than an overall figure; it's about keeping the balance in a way that maintains hegemony by (re)producing those citizens most likely to sustain the status quo. No doubt Ethiopian Jews would threaten the particular Jewishness of the Israeli state because cultural contact zones always ask for negotiation and assimilation between different groups. But the Jewishness that Netanyahu seeks to protect through underhanded injections is not a Jewishness worthy of protection; it is unethical, inhospitable, and shameful—not to mention possibly criminal—to take in refugees and subject them to medical treatments without their knowledge or consent.
I understand, insofar as a non-Jew can understand, the allure of Zion, the desire to protect a piece of land for a people group that seems eternally and irrevocably scattered. Yet to resort to eugenics, a weapon so often used against the Jews (themselves labeled "undesirable" throughout the world) does not protect Jewishness. Rather, it diminishes it and makes Netanyahu another oppressor.
About Erin Wyble Newcomb
 - Gary John
 Why shouldn't Jews be allowed to preserve their genetic identity in Israel?
 They have higher IQ's than the Ethiopians. You can't build a 1st world Israel with low IQ, 3rd world immigrants.
 Just so long as the Jews know the standard works both ways – Israel for Jews, Europe for Whites. No problem.
 - Jon m
 Gary with the ignorant opinions you shared it unfortunate that ur mom was not sterilized.
 - Solomon Goldman
 Shame on Israel.


2010 USAMO Problems
Day 1
Problem 1
Let $AXYZB$ be a convex pentagon inscribed in a semicircle of diameter $AB$. Denote by $P$, $Q$, $R$, $S$ the feet of the perpendiculars from $Y$ onto lines $AX$, $BX$, $AZ$, $BZ$, respectively. Prove that the acute angle formed by lines $PQ$ and $RS$ is half the size of $\angle XOZ$, where $O$ is the midpoint of segment $AB$.
Problem 2
There are $n$ students standing in a circle, one behind the other. The students have heights $h_1


text:
Posted Oct 14 2011
A grocery bag can withstand 300N of force before it rips apart. How many kilograms of apples can it safely hold?
If given the same acceleration, why is a heavy cleaver more effective for chopping vegetables than an equally sharp knife?
Calculate the acceleration of a 300,000kg jumbo jet just before takeoff when the thrust of its engine is 500N.


4 things (that actually helped me) you can do to make everyday better for yourself when you're feeling down:
1. Accept Your Current Situation
Stop blaiming yourself or other things and accept your current situation in life. Only if you accept it you can change it.
2. Trust Yourself
Spend time with yourself and your thoughts and do things that you enjoy to gain back your confidence. Even small things matter.
3. Don't let fear stop you
Fear stands for False Evidence that Appears Real. Face your fears and don't let them stop you. Do what you're afraif to do!
4. Be positive
If you have a positive attidude you can easily get confidence. Try to see the good in every situation every day and don't forget to be grateful.


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Organizational Communication
Establishing Norms in Large Organizations (Or: How to Win the Turf War)
Anne-Katrin Arnold's picture
Wharton Professor Galit Sarfaty just published a paper on changing norms in international institutions, using as an example the advance of the human rights agenda in the World Bank. The study describes the process of how new norms are adopted - or not - in large organizations and how different factions negotiate their positions. It's well worth a read and spells out the difficulties of reforming organizations and establishing new norms.


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Comment by ryan cameron on December 11, 2009 at 8:53am
We do have "souls" just like computers have software. The story is basically the idea that our "software" that is, the personality that exists as information, memories, and functions (incredibly complex sets of instructions) in our brains can be downloaded into a smaller, more complex network than our brains, say something functioning where subatomic particles function as the "neurons" and we effectively form a huge civilization that is entirely information based, and can adapt to any hardware. It could function using stars or even galaxies as "neurons" or quarks, subatomic particles as "neurons".
Once we figure that out, we're set to effectively join the continuum of the universe. Software controls effectively is...God.
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I came to haskell having some c background knowledge and wondering is there an analog to
_TAG_ print( a ) printf( "%s = %d\n", _TAG_, a )
int a = 5;
print( a );
that should print
a = 5
share|improve this question
3 Answers 3
up vote 20 down vote accepted
Here's the TH solution augustss mentioned:
{-# LANGUAGE TemplateHaskell #-}
module Pr where
import Language.Haskell.TH
import Language.Haskell.TH.Syntax
pr :: Name -> ExpQ
pr n = [| putStrLn ( $(lift (nameBase n ++ " = ")) ++ show $(varE n) ) |]
then in another module:
{-# LANGUAGE TemplateHaskell #-}
import Pr
a = "hello"
main = $(pr 'a)
share|improve this answer
You can use the same _TAG_ trick in Haskell if you turn on the CPP language extension. Or you can use Template Haskell to get the same effect.
But in pure Haskell it is impossible, because it violates the principle of alpha conversion, i.e., renaming bound variables (in a hygienic way) should not change the program semantics.
share|improve this answer
Couldn't achieve this behaviour with {-# LANGUAGE CPP #-}. Seems GHC C preprocessor just ignores #. – Matvey Aksenov Oct 29 '11 at 9:48
Matvey, I think it is just that Haskell's printf doesn't take a tuple, but, in the first instance, just the format specification. Then it takes further arguments successively according to its interpretation of the format in question. "%s = %d\n" leaves room for two arguments. So you'd write e.g. printf "%s = %d\n" "five" 5 rather than printf( "%s = %d\n", "five", 5). I paste something that works below; see what you can make of it. – applicative Dec 1 '11 at 7:06
By the way, a simple illustration of an extensive use of CPP to avoid boilerplate is here hackage.haskell.org/packages/archive/uu-parsinglib/2.7.3/doc/… Note the uncurrying in the message to the preprocessor: _TAG_ DEMO(p,i) demo "p" i p – applicative Dec 1 '11 at 7:11
import Text.Printf
_TAG_ print( a ) printf "%s = %d\n" (show a) a
main = do let a = (5 :: Int)
 print( a )
 $ ghci a.hs
 *Main> main
 5 = 5
share|improve this answer
Thanks, "a" instead of (show a) works as needed. – Matvey Aksenov Dec 1 '11 at 9:45
Your Answer


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Eating like a local in Guilin
2013-09-13 | China Food | Comments(0) | Views:(176)
A bite of China – A Taste of Chinese Noodles
2012-06-18 | China Food | Comments(1) | Views:(227)
Chinese Noodles has a history of 4,000 years according to an archeological discovery in Qinghai Province where a 50-centimeter-long noodle made of millet was unearthed. Eating Noodles is a part of birthday celebrations in China. Long noodles stand for longevity in Chinese culture. Noodles are regarded as the staple food in North China and usually served as breakfast in South China. The reason lies in the two agricultural patterns in China: wheat and millet are mainly produced in North China while rice is mainly produced in South China. Chinese Noodles are generally made from wheat flour, rice flour, tapioca starch or any kind of starch, with eggs, peanuts, meat, shrimps, vegetables and so forth as ingredients. The most common noodles are wheat flour noodles and rice noodles.


text:
Today, perhaps more than ever before, we recognize as educational leaders that the problems that challenge our efforts to support the academic achievement of all students is a global issue. To achieve this goal we have outlined a pedagogical approach that is grounded in a framework for collaboration.
Framework for Collaboration
The collaborative framework we propose will support the following learning objectives:
Collaborators involved in the WELL dialogue should be willing to make a commitment to the following:
Data collected on the WELL project can contribute important information about the improvement of leadership practice. Participants in this collaboration can help to transform leadership practice into a broader global framework. It also makes possible the enrichment of understanding of cross-national leadership issues, perspectives and solutions to problems. Each pair would engage in reflective practice and be asked to document:
Documentation of this pedagogical approach will provide an important tool in our continuing efforts to connect our students internationally. By engaging in reflective practice, this project cannot only benefit this first cohort of individual participants, but has the potential to provide formative assessment data that could benefit future participants.
Our focus at the School of Leadership and Education Sciences is to connect educational leaders in conversation around the world—here is an opportunity to begin the dialogue.
Please complete the reply form below.
Rose Linda Martinez, Ed.D.
Director, Educational Leadership Development Academy
University of San Diego
Please click Submit only once.


text:
Visualizing large trees with divide & conquer partition
- Publication Type:
- Conference Proceeding
- ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, 2013, pp. 79 - 87
- Issue Date:
- Recently Added
- In Progress
- Closed Access
This item is closed access and not available.
While prior works on enclosure approach, guarantees the space utilization of a single geometrical area, mostly rectangle, this paper proposes a flexible enclosure tree layout method for partitioning various polygonal shapes that break through the limitation of rectangular constraint. Similar to Treemap techniques, it uses enclosure to divide display space into smaller areas for its sub-hierarchies. The algorithm can partition a polygonal shape or even an arbitrary shape into smaller polygons, rotated rectangles or vertical-horizontal rectangles. The proposed method and implementation algorithms provide an effective interactive visualization tool for partitioning large hierarchical structures within a confined display area with different shapes for real-time applications. We demonstrated the effective of the new method with a case study, an automated evaluation and a usability study. © 2013 ACM.
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:


text:
The aim of this research is to document the Triliths in the Ja'alan Bani Bu Hassan area located in the Southern Sharqiyah Governorate in The Sultanate of Oman, which were discovered during the project of "Surveying the western part of the province of Ja'alan" conducted by Researcher in the region between 2010 and 2012. The Triliths were found almost a century ago, but they are still one of the most puzzling and challenging archaeological monuments for archeologists working in the southern Arabian Peninsula. Despite repeated documentation and description by a large number of archaeologists working along the region of Yemen down to the southern foothills of the Hajar Mountain in Oman, only little knowledge has been gained about them, which leaves us unaware of some aspects pertaining to the purpose for which and the time they were constructed, or who constructed them. All the explanations provided for these questions are still speculative, not supported by strong archaeological evidence. The research will examine these Triliths, tracking their excavation history, and attempting to provide explanations for their history, function, distribution, diffusion, forms, types and architectural characteristics.
|Translated title of the contribution
|Triliths in Ja'alan bani Bu Hasan Area, Eastern Region of the Sultanate of Oman
|Number of pages
|Published - 2018


text:
The Process of Culture Shift
The process of culture shift is non-linear in that it is ongoing, continuously evolving, and never ending. Yet there is a process—that may appear only as linear as our minds may grasp—in the form of a progression of one step to another, and then another, and so on. In truth, these steps are in a circle, as in the "sacred hoop" that so many indigenous peoples speak about—the circle of all life representing the interconnected nature of all things.
So we present this process with a linear graphic, and also as a circle graphic, so that we may understand our starting, middle, and end point—and also understand that the end point leads us back to begin again in an ever evolving cultural dynamic.


From: Stewart Martinsen (
Date: Wed Jun 09 1999 - 14:47:51 PDT
Thank you for your light discussion...
I have a question about the light emitted form the sun (peak) and
reflected from a full moon (peak). How much brighter is the sun at noon
day at the equator, on either the spring or fall equinox than that of
the reflected light of a full moon (when every it is most intense).
In lumens per square foot is it close to?:
 Sun = 10,000 lumens per sq/f.
 Full Moon =.03 lumens per sq/f.
And what percentage of solar radiation is reflected or absorbed by the
earths atmosphere?
I have searched high and low for these stats. Can you help?
Thank you


are available, particularly in brewpubs catering to the expatriate communities in Beijing and Shanghai.
The principal Chinese brands are Tsingtao, Harbin, and Snow. Other major brewers include Yanjing, San Miguel, Zhujiang, and Reeb.
Domestic production within China is dominated by a few large vinyards, including Changyu Pioneer Wine, China Great Wall Wine, and Dynasty Wine[17][18] Notable regions include Yantai, Beijing, Zhangjiakou in Hebei, Yibin in Sichuan, Tonghua in Jilin, Taiyuan in Shanxi, and Ningxia. Yantai alone holds over 140 wineries and produces 40% of the country's wine.[17]
Traditional Uyghur wine from Xinjiang is known as museles (Arabicالمثلث, lit. "the triangle"). Its production requires crushing the grapes by hand, then straining them through atlas silk and boiling the juice with an equal volume of water, as well as added sugar. This is cooked until the original volume of the juice is reached and then stored in clay urns along with various flavorings.
A controversial drink that is still nowadays sold in the black market of the country is Tiger Bone Wine: this tonic is created crushing and mixing the bones with rice wine, in a long process that lasts for at least 8 years. The drink has a high alcohol concentration, of about 58% and is used in both traditional Chinese Medicine and Martial Arts, and has been on the market for centuries.
Other fermented beverages include choujiu (made from sticky rice), lychee wine, gouqi jiu (made from wolfberries), Qingke jiu (made from Tibetan highland barley), and kumis (made from mare or yak milk). The peach-scented Luzhou Laojiao prides itself on continuous production since 1573 during the Ming dynasty. The ginger-flavored liqueur Canton is no longer produced in China but is instead imported for consumption in the United States from a distillery in France unrelated to its original production.
Chinese alcoholic beverages have a long history both as a part of diet and ceremonies (both secular and religious), as well as being a part of the productive activities of many households and commercial establishments.
Chinese alcoholic beverages were traditionally warmed before being consumed, a practice going back to the early dynastic period. The temperature to which the liquor may be warmed ranges between approximately 35 and 55 °C, well below the boiling point of ethanol. Warming the liquor allows its aromas to be better appreciated by the drinker without losing too much alcohol. The optimal temperature for warming depends on the type of beverage as well as the preference of the drinker.
Traditionally, also, the drinks are consumed together with food rather than on their own. Neither practice is binding in modern China.
In addition to being used to brew liquor, the seed mash described above can also be made to be eaten or drunk as a sweet dessert.
Traditional Chinese medicine frequently employed alcoholic drinks (associated with yin) and alcoholic drinks were likewise used as medicine. Alcohol including extracts of plants, herbs, animal parts, or minerals are not as common as they once were but may still be encountered. One example of such a medicinal alcoholic drink is realgar wine: consumed during the Dragon Boat Festival, realgar wine consisted of huangjiu mixed with realgar, an arsenic sulfide also used as an insecticide. It appears in the Chinese legend of the White Snake as the substance which forces the snake to reveal her true form. The drink was thought to prevent disease and misfortune (particularly snake bites and digestive worms) and to promote health; although modern Chinese authorities discourage the practice, it is still legally available for consumption.
See also[edit]
 2. ^ a b Baxter, William & al. "Baxter-Sagart Old Chinese reconstruction", p. 151 Archived September 27, 2013, at the Wayback Machine. 20 February 2011. Accessed 5 November 2013.
 3. ^ a b c Stephen G. Haw (10 September 2012). "Wine, women, and poison". Marco Polo in China. Routledge. pp. 147–148. ISBN 978-1-134-27542-7.
 4. ^ Huang (2000), pp. 149 ff.
 5. ^ Wu, 225.
 6. ^ For example, see Mengzi, "Li Lou" II:48 ("禹惡旨酒而好善言。")
 7. ^ Wu, 229.
 10. ^ Dikötter, Frank, Lars Laamann, and Zhou Xun (2004), Narcotic Culture: A History of Drugs in China, University Of Chicago Press, p. 29.
 11. ^ Lian Xianda. "The Old Drunkard Who Finds Joy in His Own Joy-Elitist Ideas in Ouyang Xiu's Informal Writings". Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews, Vol. 23, p. 20. 2001.
 12. ^ a b c [2].
 13. ^ a b "Uncorking China's Wine Market". Knowledge@Wharton.
 14. ^ "NW China to host major global wine contest - Xinhua |". Retrieved 2020-12-16.
 15. ^ Chalotra, Komal (2020-08-19). "How to Sell Wine in China - Overview and Strategies". FDI China. Retrieved 2020-12-16.
 16. ^ SOFTEDGE. "The Concours Mondial de Bruxelles reveals 2019 results". Concours Mondial de Bruxelles. Retrieved 2020-12-16.
 17. ^ a b [3] Archived February 15, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
 18. ^ "Who Can Change Chinese People's Consumption Patterns?". Wine Business Monthly. September 2003.
External links[edit]


orb into the corresponding weapon allowing for a higher level capacity. Additionaly, certain levels of weapon evolution have other benefits, such as the ability to deal extra damage to a certain class of enemies or inflict certain status effects.
The orbs were usually awarded to the player for completing the game's quests and dungeons, however due to the game being scaled down to fit on the Super Nintendo cartridge, some weapons' orbs were dropped by standard enemies in the final dungeon.
Each different weapon is listed as follows, in the order they are obtained, with the name for each level of upgrade. Many weapons also have other unique gameplay abilities, just as cutting obstacles or pulling characters across gaps.
The sword is the first weapon gained in the game, found near the river in the beginning of the game. It is a close range weapon, which can also be used to cut down certain obstacles in the world like bushes. The sword in it's ninth level, as the Mana Sword, is by far the most powerful weapon in the game. The Mana Sword can only be unlocked properly via the use of "Mana Magic" in the game's final battle. It can be unlocked earlier by using a glitch in the game to get an extra sword orb.
The boy pulling the rusty sword from a tree stump.
1. Rusty Sword
2. Broad Sword
3. Herald Sword
4. Claymore
5. Excalibur
6. Masamune
7. Gigas Sword
8. Dragon Buster
9. Mana Sword
The spear is given to the hero by Sage Luka of the Water Palace. The spear gives you a little bit more range then the sword., but more importantly, a second weapon to fill a similar role to the sword. Not counting the special ninth level of the sword, the Spear is the most powerful weapon in the game.
1. Spear
2. Heavy Spear
3. Sprite's Spear
4. Partisan
5. Halberd
6. Oceanid Spear
7. Gigas Lance
8. Dragoon Lance
9. Daedalus Lance
When the sprite child joins the heroes quest, he is equipped with the boomerang. When used correctly, the boomerang can strike multiple enemies almost anywhere on the screen.
1. Boomerang
2. Chakram
3. Lode Boomerang
4. Rising Sun
5. Red Cleaver
6. Cobra Shuttle
7. Frizbar
8. Shuriken
9. Ninja's Trump
Bow and Arrow
Given to the hero when the sprite child joins the team. A ranged weapon which can be fired across gaps and obstacles to hit switches and enemies.
1. Chobin's Bow
2. Short Bow
3. Long Bow
4. Great Bow
5. Bow of Hope
6. Elfin Bow
7. Wing Bow
8. Doom Bow
9. Garuda Buster
The Axe is bought for 100 gold from Watts the blacksmith. While the sword and spear can cut through bushes and grass, the axe allows you to smash through rocks and stalagmites. A close combat weapon.
1. Watt's Axe
2. Lode Axe
3. Stout Axe
4. Battle Axe
5. Golden Axe
6. Were-Buster
7. Great Axe
8. Gigas Axe
9. Doom Axe
When the girl joins the heroes quest, she is equipped with the gloves. The gloves are the ultimate close combat weapon. They can be used to throw enemies in combat as well.
1. Spike Knuckle
2. Power Glove
3. Moogle Claw
4. Chakra
5. Heavy Glove
6. Hyper-Fist
7. Griffin Claws
8. Dragon Claws
9. Aura Glove
The whip is given to the hero by Elieen (the witch) after the defeat of her pet, Spikey. The whip is long-ranged, and can be used to pull the characters across gorges and ravines by latching onto poles sticking out of the ground.
1. Whip
2. Black Whip
3. Backhand Whip
4. Chain Whip
5. Flail of Hope
6. Morning Star
7. Hammer Flail
8. Nimbus Chain
9. Gigas Flail
The Javelin is received from the water elemental Undine after defeating the biting lizards in her cave. The javelin is a thrown weapon with long range, and fills a similar role to the bow.
1. Pole Dart
2. Javelin
3. Light Trident
4. Lode Javelin
5. Fork of Hope
6. Imps Fork
7. Elf's Harpoon
8. Dragon Dart
9. Valkyrian
Secret of Mana has eleven items that can be used at almost any time. Some are unique items that are found or recieved and have unlimited uses. Others are consumable items that are store bought or found in treasure chests that are lost upon use. Secret of Mana differs from other RPGs in that only 4 of each consumable item can be carried at once, forcing players to be conservative and strategize with their use. Certain more expensive stores charge double for items.
This consumable item can be bought for 10G or found in treasure chests. Upon use, candy restores 100 hit points.
This consumable item can be bought for 30G or found in treasure chests. Upon use, chocolate restores 300 hit points.
Medical Herb
Medical Herb
This consumable item can be bought for 10G or found in treasure chests. Upon use, a medical herb cures any adverse status effects.
Cup of Wishes
Cup of Wishes
This consumable item can be bought for 150G or found in treasure chests. Upon use, a cup of wishes revives a fallen ally and restores some hit points.
Faerie Walnut
Faerie Walnut
This consumable item can be bought for 500G or found in treasure chests. Upon use, a faerie walnut restores 100 magic points.
Royal Jam
Royal Jam
This consumable item can be bought for 100G or found in treasure chests. Upon use, royal jam restores 999 hit points, making it the best healing item in the game.
This consumable item can be bought for 900G or found in treasure chests. Upon use, the player can hide in a barrel to avoid combat.
Flammie Drum
Flammie Drum
The Flammie Drum is given to the hero by King Truffle. The Flammie Drum has unlimited uses, and summons Flammie to pick you up.
Magic Rope
Magic Rope
The Magic Rope is found in a chest in Gaia's Navel. The Magic Rope has unlimted uses, and allows you to "escape" a dungeon, returning to it's first screen.
Midge Mallet
Midge Mallet
The Midge Mallet is given to the hero by the chief of the dwarf village. The Midge Mallet has unlimited uses, and inflicts or cures "shrunk" status on allies.
Moogle Belt
Moogle Belt
The Moogle Belt is received after the optional quest of restoring was to Kakkar village. The Moogle Belt has unlimited uses, and inflicts or cures "moogle" status on allies.
The Ring Menu
By pressing the menu button, the game will pause and a ring of icons will appear around the currently selected character. Pressing left and right on the d-pad will rotate the ring, while pressing up and down will switch between different menu rings, which cover the player's inventory, a character's spells, weapons, and game options. This unique radial menu system allows quick selection of items and a minimal interruption in the real time combat.
SNES Disc Drive
Until the project was canceled, Secret of Mana being developed to come out with the launch of the SNES CD add-on. When the add-on was canceled, the game lost approximately 40% of its original content and the graphics were reduced to accommodate a standard cartridge. Examples of unused game portions include staircases that lead to nowhere and doors that are unreachable. Additionally, some parts of the game can be buggy at times due to the alteration.
Full Channel Music
The SNES audio processor is only capable of producing eight sounds at once. Many songs in Secret of Mana using seven to eight channels. This highly unusual use of all audio channels allows the music to be richer, but requires the game to drop channels of music when producing sound effects. Depending on how the player perceives it, this could range from not noticeable to jarring and annoying.
English localization
The English translation for Secret of Mana was hampered for multiple reasons. First, in an effort not to miss the 1993 holiday season, the English translation was completed in only 30 days. This is compared to the many months usually afforded to English localization efforts.
Secondly, the English release of Secret of Mana uses a fixed-width font to display gameplay text. This choice of font greatly limits the available space to display text. Accoring to the translator of the game, Ted Woolsey, a large portion of the game's script was cut from the English release due to these space limitations and the lack of sequential text. Many conversations are cut down to their bare minimum.
A rom hack, FuSoYa's Niche's Secret of Mana Variable Width Font Edition, was released that brings variable width fonts to the game and uses the extra room to expand the dialogue. This expanded dialogue, however, is fan made, and does not come from the Japanese release, as sometimes is thought.
"Mode 7" graphics show the overworld of Secret of Mana
The graphics


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product is fully submersible and resists all moisture intrusion in water, mud and debris as deep as 12 feet. Operating off a single 9-volt battery that's guaranteed to provide power through a full season. It's also a breeze to program, with an easy to read and understand LCD display instead of cumbersome buttons and knobs. For isolated sites or power-restricted areas, and for the special needs of drip zones, the new Hunter Smart Valve Controller is your single-station solution.
9. CONCLUSION Smart sensors are becoming a considerable part of various fields such as industries, medical, defense. Silicon plays an important role in development of smart sensors. Still a lot of research is required to get benefits of smart sensors.
We recognize that Home Automation is the wave of future. "Smart Dishwasher controller" gives future vision of Automatic Smart control system. Smooth advantage of smart controller can be sensed by practical example of 'smart valve controller'.
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You are currently viewing Freewheel vs Cassette – How To Choose A Freewheel Or Cassette For Your Bike?
Are you deciding on a bike for your commute? Have you thought about what kind of drivetrain it has? Freewheel vs cassette is two different types of transmissions that many commuters think about when they are shopping. A freewheel has one gear and can be used on any terrain, while cassettes come in many different gears that are better suited for specific terrains. You need a product that will enhance riding performance and not cause any problems down the line. The freewheel vs cassette debate can be an intense one, so we have put together this side-by-side comparison to help you decide which option makes sense for your needs!
The difference between Freewheel and Cassette Bikes:-
What Are They?
Freewheel:-The Freewheel is a new type of bike hub that replaces the traditional cassette. It is designed to be more durable, lighter weight, and easier to maintain than a cassette. And because it doesn't have any gears or cogs, it's also quieter and smoother-running. It's also called a freehub because there's no need to pedal backward before changing gears like other bikes with derailleur systems. This means that riders can change gears without pedaling backward or even stopping at all!
If you're looking for an upgrade on your current bike – or want something different – then give the Freewheel a try.
Cassette:- The cassette is a type of bicycle hub gear that consists of two or three sprockets and an enclosed chain. It's been around for over 100 years and was initially designed to be more durable than the freewheel. But with advances in technology, we now know that this isn't always true.
Freewheel:-The Freewheel is a lightweight wheel made up of aluminium that's easy to install on any bike frame with quick-release axles. It also has an integrated hub gear system that makes it easier to pedal up hills or go faster when needed.
Cassette:- The cassette can be installed on any bike frame but doesn't have the same gearing options as the freewheel does. It's also heavier than a freewheel because it includes gears in its design, whereas the freewheel doesn't need them since it has an integrated hub gear system built-in.
Freewheel:-If you're looking for durability in your bike, then Freewheel will be your best bet! With its high-quality materials and construction methods, this type of hub offers superior performance over time.
Cassette:-The cassette requires more maintenance than the freewheel as it contains moving parts like cogs and chains; therefore, it tends to be less durable than Freewheel.
Freewheel:-Freewheels don't require any tools to change gear ratios but tend to be more expensive than cassettes.
Cassette:-Cassettes are cheaper than freewheels but can be challenging to maintain because they require tools to change gear ratios though some models come with an internal gear hub.
Freewheel:-Freewheels offer fewer gearing options, so they are best suited for riders who only need one set of low gears. They are more popular than cassettes because they allow riders to coast without pedaling while retaining control over steering and braking. They also have less friction than cassettes, making them easier on your bike's drivetrain components like chains, sprockets, derailleurs, and chainrings.
Cassette:-It has the ability to provide multiple gearing options without changing sprockets or chainset components; this makes them ideal for riders who need lots of low gears when climbing hills or tackling rough terrain like gravel roads or trails where there may not be many opportunities for coasting downhills on flat ground as well as those who want high gears for fast descents on smooth surfaces such as tarmac roads with few steep inclines.
Freewheel vs Cassette
Freewheel:-If you're looking for an easy-to-maintain bike with less upkeep, then we recommend going with the freewheel option! You won't have any trouble with your gears wearing out as long as you take care of them properly and make sure they get cleaned regularly.
Cassette:-There are many more options available with cassettes, including 7-, 9-, 10-speed versions. They require more maintenance because they use external cogs on the wheel hub, which can get dirty from dirt or water splashing up from the ground during riding.
Bottom Line
The cassette and freewheel are two different types of drivetrain systems that have been used on bicycles since the late 1800s. They both offer pros and cons, but which one is right for you? The aforementioned comparison will let you make an easy decision. If you ride your bike on rough terrain, then a cassette may be best because they have stronger teeth than freewheels; but if you live in an area where roads are smooth, then a freewheel might work better. They don't require any maintenance as cassettes do.
So if you're looking for something lightweight that's easy to maintain, go with a freewheel; if you want something heavier duty that offers more range of gearing options, then go with a cassette!
Frequently Asked Questions
Q1.How should I use Freewheel and Cassette?
If you want to ride at high speeds or use your bike as a commuter vehicle, then a cassette is better for you because it will give you more options with gearing choices. A freewheel would be best if all of your ridings are done at lower speeds or if you're using your bike primarily for recreational purposes like mountain biking or touring around town on weekends.
Q2. What kind of cassette do I need for my bike?
Cassettes come in different sizes and gear ranges. The size you need depends on the riding you plan to do, where you live, how steep your hills are, and what level of rider you are. For example, if you're a casual rider who rides primarily flat terrain with few or no big hills, then a 7-speed cassette will be perfect for your needs. If you ride in hilly areas or have an aggressive riding style (racing or mountain biking), then we recommend an 11-speed cassette


Dentist office near me
Dentist office near me
Can I just walk into a dentist?
Will Urgent Care pull a tooth?
How do I find a NHS dentist?
The service finder on the NHS website enables you to find local NHS services, including dentists. You will need to contact the dental practice directly and check whether they are currently accepting NHS patients.
Can I go to the dentist for free?
If one or more of the criteria listed below applies to you when your treatment starts, you'll be entitled to free NHS dental care. You're entitled if you are: aged under 18, or under 19 and in qualifying full-time education. an NHS hospital dental service outpatient – but you may have to pay for your dentures or
Will the ER pull a tooth?
How much does it cost to pull a tooth?
The cost for tooth extraction varies widely depending on whether the tooth is impacted. Simple extraction usually costs between $75 and $200 per tooth, and may be more depending on the type of anesthesia you need. The cost to remove impacted teeth is significantly higher and can land anywhere between $800 and $4,000.
You might be interested: Preceptorship program for international dentist
How can I fix my teeth with no money?
What kills a tooth nerve?
What happens when the nerve in a tooth dies? Eventually, the nerve is killed by the process of decay and irritation. Once the nerve is totally dead, it rots from within and develops into an infection (abscess). The abscess makes the gums around the tooth swell up, pus to form, and causes bad breath.
Is everyone entitled to an NHS dentist?
What do I do if I can't find an NHS dentist?
Problems finding an NHS dentist If after contacting several dental surgeries you still cannot find a dentist accepting NHS patients, call NHS England's Customer Contact Centre on 0300 _PHONE_.
You might be interested: Guardian insurance dentist
How long are you registered with a dentist?
Once registered, you stay on that dentist's patient list for 24 months. This registration period will be extended if you return for another examination or further treatment during that period.
What if I can't afford to go to the dentist?
Can I get free dental on universal credit?
How much is a filling at a private dentist?
Fillings are £62.10 because they're covered by NHS Band 2 fees. Similar to crowns, you'll get white fillings for front teeth, but only amalgam (metal) fillings for your back teeth.
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Police Unions in the US
To gain a comprehensive overview of police unions in the US, specifically to understand the history of police unions in the US and how they differ from other unions, the composition of police unions in the US, and what supporters and critics of police unions are saying in light of recent civil unrest and demands for police reform.
Early Findings
History of Police Unions in the US
 - The first move to form police unions started after World War I with the issuing of charters to the police in 30 cities by the American Federation of Labor. However, the move was condemned by police chiefs who countered by saying that unionism is a semi-military pursuit and incompatible with policing.
 - With the country's inflation rate at a high due to its participation in the World War and the salaries of the police unable to keep pace with the inflation, the policemen were unhappy with their police chiefs who had prevented them from joining the union. This culminated in the Boston Police Strike of 1919 when 80% of the city's police force went on strike to protest against their police commissioner.
 - The strike was ended due to the intervention of the Governor Calvin Coolidge who sent the entire Massachusetts militia to break the strike. By 1920, all unofficial police unions were made defunct.
 - The second campaign to form police unions occurred during World War II when rising inflation and lower salaries caused policemen to unionize. However, this too was crushed by the police chiefs and elected officials.
 - Even though the official police unions were disbanded, several benevolent and fraternal organizations survived that looked after the well-being of policemen unofficially. Getting support from these organizations, rank-and-file officers increased their lobbying to form police unions.
 - The increased lobbying, changed leadership within the police forces, and the Black Ghetto riots of the early-1960s forced the police chiefs and elected officials to look at the situation differently in order not to alienate the policemen. This resulted in a major victory for the policemen in New York City in 1964. Other major jurisdictions followed this closely.
 - The last major step towards unionization of the police came during the early 1970s when the fraternal and benevolent organizations were transformed into labor unions. The police unions finally gained the recognition of their police chiefs and other elected officials.
How Police Unions are Similar to or Different From Other Unions
 - While labor unions are formed for protecting the rights of workers, police unions have labor contracts that prevent law enforcement agencies from interrogating or firing officers after acts of misconduct. In this way, police unions are similar to labor unions.
 - However, unlike labor unions that penalize their members for egregious acts of misconduct, police unions seldom admit when their members have made a mistake and try to protect the guilty members at all cost. This has led to mass protest against police officers and police unions for defending their guilty members.
 - Due to the contractual laws of the police unions that prevent law enforcement agencies from interrogating or punishing police officers accused of acts of misconduct, police unions can reject citizen review boards for allegations of misconduct, allowing police officers to purge their disciplinary records. Thus, police union contracts create barriers to accountability.
 - Another article states that police unions are just as guilty as other public-sector unions, including the teachers' union, since these unions do not serve the public well that pays their bills.
Proposed next steps:


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The Benefits of Show and Tell in Early Childhood
It's time for your little ones to start bringing their favorite items to school for Show and Tell. Parents remember when they brought in interesting items for Show and Tell and of course, the world has changed but there are still some interesting items kids can bring in to share with the class. There are fossil formations in stones, geodes, crystals, their favorite toy, an experiment they can do, something they made, posters, etc. There are many great benefits of Show and Tell when kids are first starting school. Each teacher does things differently. Some make their students Star of the week and include a Show and Tell day and younger students also have a schedule on when it's their turn for Show and Tell. Some teachers might pick a certain day of the week for Show and Tell and assign so many students for their presentations. Whatever the case may be, make sure you as parents pay attention to when it's your child's turn for Show and Tell so they are prepared.
Learning about themselves
There are many benefits of Show and Tell for young children. They can teach the teacher and other students something about themselves and their likes and interests. They also are able to learn how to begin public speaking and shed some of the shyness they might be experiencing as a child being away from home and talking in front of people other than their families. This is a good start for kids because as they proceed in life and pass into each grade, there will be more and more time that will be allowed for them to give presentations and tell the class what they found with the topic they had as homework.
Boosting the child's confidence
Show and Tell also helps build a young child's confidence when they have the attention of the class as they are talking about what they chose as their item for Show and Tell. They will gain the respect of their peers and this will help them become a team player when it comes to different projects that they will work on throughout the year.
Learning to communicate
Show and tell also helps children to use eye contact when they are presenting their item to the other students. They learn how to look around the room and make sure all their new friends are listening to them when they are talking. This, in turn, teaches them that they have to offer the same respect and listen to other students when they present their item on their day of Show and Tell.
In addition, this also helps children learn how to project their voices so the whole class can hear what they are talking about. It's very critical that young children learn how to talk loud enough so their peers can hear what they are talking about. After all, the item they are presenting probably is going to be very interesting and will help the other students learn something they didn't know before.
Boost their critical thinking skills
Kids also learn about using their critical thinking skills because they have to remember and rehearse at home before they come to school to present their Show and Tell project. Critical thinking skills started to become popular in the late '90s, early part of the 21st century. The skill started becoming popular in online colleges and students who chose to go to school at night. This skill is now started as young as the first few years of school for students so they learn how to think before they speak and choose their words correctly in order for the rest of the class and their teacher to understand what they are portraying.
Your children are also going to look up to their parents for help with the selection of a topic about something that will catch the class's attention. For instance, if your child caught a caterpillar in late summer and it spun a cocoon, this would teach the class about the cycles of a caterpillar turning into either a butterfly or a moth. In spring, when the cocoon breaks open and the wings are drying, your child could always bring the moth or butterfly back to school and the kids would see how the cycle of the caterpillar transgressed into a really colorful and beautiful moth or butterfly. This is also a good time for parents to spend with their child and bond with them when the decision arises on what to bring for Show and Tell or Student of the Week when Show and Tell is usually included in the title.
It's always fun watching a young child grow and learn how to speak in front of their class when they are only little tots. They find great enjoyment when they have the chance to be the center of attention and this will bring parents great happiness as well. It's also a good experience for all to watch your child gain that confidence that they need to flourish in their young lives in order to become successful adults. If your family is from another culture or has a different ethnicity, encourage your children to share with the class what types of food they enjoy or what kind of holidays they celebrate that are a bit different from their peers. Teachers and students alike love to hear about other parts of the country and the world.
If you and your family just moved from another area of the country where there is an ocean or mountains, have your child bring in some cool shells or pictures of the beautiful mountains in the area that you moved from. There are an abundance of ideas and benefits from the opportunity of Show and Tell in the school systems. It offers the kids a reprieve from their studies and allows them time to get to know each other and also their teacher. These are the benefits of Show and Tell and this project has been going on for more than 60 years so children, parents, and grandparents have all had the opportunity to be able to bring in their favorite items for Show and Tell.