What Color is a Mirror?
by: Austin Duncan (Google+ & Website) and based on a video made by Michael Stevens of VSauce.
As an artist, I deal with color every day. From managing color balances in photography to making sure that photos and videos don't have a color shift occurring in them. Also, in design, by working with Pantone numbers to assure that the printers print my design the exact colors I've specified. (That's really just the beginning of working with colors.) In fact, Gunter Wyszeski estimated that the human eye can differentiate 10 million different colors. But, Michael Stevens (Stevens) asks,
What color is a mirror?
If you look up images or illustrations of a mirror you might answer silver, or gray because that's how they are often depicted, but the obvious answer would be that a mirror is really whatever color it faces. Stevens says,
If you look inside a mirror, it becomes 'you-colored.'
What Gives Objects Their Color?
Really, an object is actually whatever color in the light spectrum that it doesn't absorb. Sticky notes appear yellow, because when hit with light, it absorbs every color except yellow. The yellow light is reflected, and hits our eyes, therefore making a sticky note appear yellow.
A perfect mirror reflects every color so that we can see ourselves, or whatever else is within the frame of a mirror. So in a way, you may say that a mirror's color is actually white. However, a mirror doesn't show color in the same way that pigment does. So….
How do Mirrors Work?
Mirrors reflect an incoming ray of light in a singular, outgoing direction—specular reflection. This is the type of reflection that creates an image of the very thing that is in front of the mirror. Bad astronomy jokingly said that a mirror is more of a "smart white." But wait, didn't I say in the paragraph before this that these attributes apply to perfect mirrors? Stevens says:
We live in the real world where there are no perfect mirrors. Every mirror absorbs a little bit of light. Not enough that matters…but when you take a look at the spectrum of light reflected by a typical mirror, you will find that it best reflects light in the 510 nanometer range.
Okay….great. So what matters about the range in which a mirror reflects light? Well, this range is the exact color range that we typically perceive as green light. So if you want to get technical, a mirror is actually a bit green. If you've ever investigated a mirror tunnel, you might notice this for yourself. If you don't know what a mirror tunnel is, it's when two mirrors face each other and create a tunnel effect. You can see a great series of photos depicting this effect here. The mirrors reflect the same scene back and forth over and over, each absorbing a little more visual light, thus giving the repeated reflections a green tint. So, even though mirrors are actually a little green, let's talk about white.
In french, white is blanco. Spanish–blanc. And in english, the word containing these root words is—black. So how did a word meaning the opposite of white come from root words that mean "white"? Well, those words come from the same ancient-indo-european root word "bhleg," which meant: shine, burn, or flash. Some languages took this words definition to mean the brightness of an object, while others thought it meant what was left behind, or "the burned."
If you have blue eyes, your eyes aren't actually colored blue…in the sense that the molecules in your eye are absorbing all other wavelengths of visible light except for the blue. Surprisingly, your eyes are blue for the same reason that the sky is blue. Interference.
The light from the sun passes through our atmosphere encountering various molecules of air. The size of these molecules allow for light of longer wavelengths to pass through, while keeping the light of shorter wavelengths crash into the molecules (such as blue light) and scatter. This is also known as the Tyndall Effect. This is why we see blue when we look at the sky away from the sun. In outer space, these air molecules don't exist, thus making outer space look black. When light from the sun has to pass through a lot of light, more of these colors get absorbed allowing only the longest wavelengths to pass through—red. This is what gives the sunrise and sunset their color. Let's jump back to the eye for a minute.
Back to Eyes
The iris of your eye has a hazy layer where light can be scattered just like the sky. Through a similar but slightly different process (the Tyndall Effect vs. Rayleigh Effect) shorter wavelengths are scattered more, making your eyes look blue, unless you have melanin in your iris in which case your eyes could look green, hazel, or brown.
If you want, check out a survey done by XKCD. He has a pretty interesting post about how different genders call different colors.
So, enjoy colors a bit more today, and keep in mind some of the stuff you've learned here.
Thanks for reading,
Austin Duncan, Author
If you have any questions or need to contact the author, use the form below:
Wyszecki, Gunter. Color. Chicago: World Book Inc, 2006: 824.
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Take Action Against Career-threatening FDA Proposed Regulation
Posted: May 4, 2007
The Day Spa Association issued a release to its members urging them to take action against a new career-threatening regulation. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recently rewritten their regulations in an attempt to outlaw and eliminate alternative health care modalities. From massage to vitamins, minerals, and herbs, all alternative and complementary modalities will be labeled as practicing medicine without a license unless prescribed by a physician.
The subtle change of vocabulary from "alternative health care" to "alternative medicine" makes all of these industries subject to control by the FDA as medicine. Only medical doctors would be allowed to provide, prescribe and supervise the delivery of these services. Anybody else who provided any of these services would be practicing medicine without a license, and subject to incarceration and fines.
Click here to read the actual draft guidance.
What this means
1. By using the term "medicine" rather than "modality," for CAM practices, the FDA sets the stage so that anyone who is not a licensed physician is breaking the law by using these modalities since they are therefore "practicing medicine without a license."
2. By using the word "treatment," rather than "therapy," the FDA limits those who can perform these practices to licensed physicians.
3. By using the terms "medicine" and "treatment," instead of "modalities" and "therapy," all substances including vitamins, mineral herbs, co-factors, etc., automatically become untested drugs since they are being used to prevent, treat, mitigate, or cure disease states. Such use can only legally take place with FDA with FDA approved drugs.
What you can do
Write to the FDA directly.
Write individual letters, call your congressman's office, or send an e-mail.
Raise awareness among your colleagues and encourage them to take action, as well.


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SP&M's WEBINARS FOR EDUCATION
Sustainable Decisions in our Schools Considering the
Triple Bottom Line: Society, Environment, and Economy
FREE WEBINAR: Tuesday, February 5, 2013 | 2:00 PM EST
As K-12 education systems shift their curriculums towards the study of environmental stewardship, school leaders are integrating the way they operate based on what is taught in the classroom. One successful method of integrating sustainability into operations is by applying the Triple Bottom Line Concept. This expands the decision making process to consider society, environment, and economy.
Please join Waste Management's Byron Chafin, National Accounts Manager of Education, and Andrew Cassilly, Resource Conservation Manager from Harford County Public Schools, MD, as they share best practices around developing a sustainable school system, and offer insights into projects and programs that have been successfully implemented in schools throughout North America by leveraging the Triple Bottom Line.
Education Director, Northern Tier
Resource Conservation Manager
Harford County Public Schools
School Planning & Management

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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About This File
►Demonstrate understanding of basic vapor-compression refrigeration and heat pump systems.
►Develop and analyze thermodynamic models of vapor-compression systems and their modifications, including
►sketching schematic and accompanying T-s diagrams.
►evaluating property data at principal states of the systems.
►applying mass, energy, entropy, and exergy balances for the basic processes.
►determining refrigeration and heat pump system performance, coefficient of performance, and capacity.
►Explain the effects on vapor-compression system performance of varying key parameters.
►Demonstrate understanding of the operating principles of absorption and gas refrigeration systems, and perform thermodynamic analysis of gas systems.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Scientists at The University of Nottingham are developing microscopic organic medical imaging systems to support a new generation of breakthrough treatments for currently incurable diseases and chronic life-threatening illnesses.
The nano-transducers, made from fat found in the membrane of naturally occurring biological cells, could have a whole range of medical applications, including the potential to detect tumours earlier, monitoring electrical activity in the brain and tracking individual cells as they move around the human body.
The work is being led by Dr Melissa Mather, who said: "This research is very exciting as it paves the way for the development of tiny transducers that could be used in the human body without any risk of toxicity.
"There is a growing need for sophisticated new imaging systems capable of studying cells and tissues in the body to support the development of emerging treatments that use human cells to treat conditions such as Parkinson's disease and spinal injury, as well as chronic conditions such as diabetes or heart disease.
"The hope is that by introducing new healthy cells into the body they will help to restore the function of injured or diseased cells but to ensure these therapies have a positive effect, it is important that the location and behaviour of introduced cells are tracked once in the body. This is a challenging problem which current technologies are struggling to address."
To support the work, Dr Mather, based in the University's Institute of Biophysics, Imaging and Optical Sciences, has received a Career Acceleration Fellowship from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council that will provide funding of more than £730,000 over the next five years.
Transducers are devices, traditionally made from single crystals such as quartz or ceramics, which can convert energy, such as electrical to mechanical. They are used as a method of testing in a wide range of applications, from locating cracks in metal structures to diagnosing diseases in humans.
Scientists have recently discovered that a wider range of materials can be used to make transducers than previously thought if they are miniaturised down to the nanoscale. In fact, it has been shown that the natural electrical activity of the body can be harnessed in biological membranes and converted into mechanical energy.
Dr Mather's fellowship is centred on the design and manufacture of nano-sized transducers made from phospholipids, the main type of fat found in the membrane of biological cells. A key part of this will be forming the phospholipids into bubbles called liposomes to take advantage of their acoustic properties -- a crucial element for using transducers as a means for testing. The research will look at different ways of increasing the power of the acoustic signal produced by modifying the composition, shape and size of the liposome.
These transducers will be used to develop a biological micro imaging system that will be able to produce diagnostic images of the body. By tagging the lipsomes with specific biological molecules, the transducers will also be able to target certain cell types, enabling them to act as beacons to locate cells in the body.
The final part of the research will focus on testing the capabilities of the new imaging system on tissue phantoms that mimic the human body, particularly in detecting tumours, monitoring electrical activity in the brain and tracking cells used in therapies. The aim is to have a working prototype of the system by 2016.
Dr Mather added: "The success of this work could hail a new type of organic medical imaging technology that could easily be used in a clinical setting at the point of care. This would have a significant impact in healthcare and enable new therapies to become available for clinical use and contribute to the health and wealth of society."
Dr Mather is also a co-investigator at the EPSRC Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Regenerative Medicine, a partnership between the universities of Loughborough, Nottingham and Keele.


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Ask an Expert
Q: All my designs for my idea are on paper but I don't have the experience to build a prototype. Do I need one for presentation and testing, or can I patent just the specifications? – Paul
A: While in many respects, producing a prototype isn't compulsory, it's generally regarded as a key part of the commercialisation process. One significant advantage of a prototype is that it helps you demonstrate that your idea can really work.
There are a number of different levels of prototypes ranging from virtual prototyping comprising animated 3D CAD drawings, right through to production stage products. A well produced prototype will allow you to:
 - Conduct any necessary testing to ensure the product will work as claimed.
 - Identify and protect any subsequent improvements prior to patenting.
 - Estimate the cost to manufacture
 - Provide a visual representation of your idea when you're giving presentations to potential investors, licensees etc.
 - Research potential customers prior to entering the market.
Whether or not you choose to produce a prototype, may vary depending on the type of invention, available resources and your commercialisation strategy.
There are a number of services that can assist you in this area such as industrial designers, which you can find in the Yellow Pages. Additionally, many innovation centres also provide government subsidised technical assessments that provide a written report on your current designs and drawings.
In terms of patenting your idea, again you don't necessarily require a prototype, but you will need to convince the patent examiner that the device works as outlined and is useful. You could achieve this with comprehensive drawings and descriptions.
This question answered by:
Troy White,
Commercialisation Manager
Industry Development Centre (Hunter) Ltd (IDC).


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How To Prepare A Pressure Cooker To Bake Cake
khao's picture
Have you ever tasted a pressure cooker cake? It tastes as amazing as an oven baked cake; the only difference is that you have to prepare a pressure cooker to bake cake instead of an oven.
The pressure cooker creates pressure and heat from the steam is built in it. By cooking in pressure cooker one not only gets tasty food to eat but also saves on cooking time.
However, there are two ways to bake a cake in pressure cooker; sand way and the water way.
It is up to you, the method you want your cake to be baked as cake made by both these methods are soft and delicious.
The most important part in baking cake in a pressure cooker is to first prepare a pressure cooker to bake cake. So, here is what you need to do:
 - Take a pressure cooker, big enough to contain the baking pan.
 - Wash it firmly with soap solution. The cooker should be free of odor before a cake is baked or else it may spoil the cake's taste.
 - Wipe it with a clean towel.
 - Now, remove the whistle of the pressure cooker. We do not make use of the whistle while baking cake. The vent is let open so that the steam can disperse.
 - If you want to bake cake with sand method, put some sand on the cooker's base not more than an inch. This method is recommended if you do not have a baking stand to keep the baking pan. This helps the baking pan by not letting it touch the surface of pressure cooker.
 - If you have a baking stand for baking pan, follow the water method for baking. Pour water in the pressure cooker, at least one and half inch up from the bottom. Now keep the baking stand in the cooker.
 - Place the baking pan filled with the cake batter on the sand or the baking stand, depending on your method.
 - Put the lid of pressure cooker, without the whistle and let the pressure cooker hear for 45 minutes on low flame.
The cake will be ready; you can check it by putting a toothpick or a knife.
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The Harts of Quebec
The first Jewish settlers in the area now known as Quebec (but which was referred to as "Lower Canada" by the British) arrived with the British soldiers during the "French and Indian War" (_PHONE_). (Jews and other non-Catholics had not been permitted in New France.)
One of four Jewish officers in the British Army, Lieutenant Aaron Hart (born 1724, London, England) had been living in New York. After the war, however, Hart settled in the Canadian town of Trois-Rivières (Three Rivers). This scion of a mercantile family, it was not long before Hart achieved success as a businessman and a landholder. As the Jewish population in Lower Canada grew, Hart became active in the community and was a founding member of Montreal's Shearith Israel synagogue. Hart was equally blessed in his family life; after his death at age 76, he was survived by his wife, Catherine, four sons and four daughters.
Three of his sons were also fascinating historical figures:
Moses Hart was a successful businessman whose political aspirations continually ended in failure. Although his Jewishness may have kept him from office, his failure at politics may also have been the result of his personal life–his wife left him due to his infidelity, he was excessively fascinated by steam ships, and he published philosophical tracts on Judaism and Deism.
Ezekiel Hart, on the other hand, was very successful in politics. He was elected to the Parliament of Lower Canada in 1807, but, after taking the oath of office on a Hebrew Bible, was made to stand down. When he was elected a second (and third) time, and recited the traditional oath of office, the legislature still pushed him out of office.
Benjamin Hart suffered similar discrimination. The local militia commander felt that Christians could not serve with or under a Jew. During the War of 1812, however, Benjamin served first as a private and eventually rose to the rank of lieutenant-colonel, a position of which he was stripped when he signed the Annexation Manifesto calling for political union with the United States.
Copyright © 2011 National Jewish Outreach Program. All rights reserved.Email this post


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Skip to comments.Gamma-producing fusion branches and solid state matter
Posted on 09/05/2013 4:20:38 PM PDT by Kevmo
Gamma-producing fusion branches and solid state matter
Eric Walker Sun, 25 Aug 2013 12:49:47 -0700
I'm including a brief synthesis of some of the thoughts that have been discussed on this list concerning a possibly novel interaction between gamma-producing fusion branches and solid state matter. This synthesis elaborates on a thought experiment that at this time lacks the rigor of something that would be turned into in a paper. My hope is that it can nonetheless be further refined as one step towards a more rigorous presentation, should that come about at some point.
Although the discussion below focuses on PdD somewhat, hopefully it will be clear that it applies equally to NiH(D). I see more promise in NiH and simply feel a desire to try to pick up some longstanding questions that have been raised in connection with PdD, which for most investigators is a system that is more familiar and better understood. For the most part I have been focused on NiH.
Since late 2011 there has been a discussion about a new way that the gamma-producing fusion branches might interact with matter, first set out to my knowledge in a post by Ron Maimon to the physics site physics.stackexchange.com. During 2012 and into 2013 that thread has been picked up on Vortex-L and the idea extended and modified. The foundation for the speculations here is not yet rigorous, so they are only a thought experiment at this point. But, phenomenologically, they go a long way to explain persistent and quirky details of the cold fusion experiments that have been described in Ed Storms's book and review articles and by others, elsewhere. For this reason I think the thought experiment merits a restatement and consideration of some observations it might explain as well as some new predictions. I'll try to do each of these things in turn.
To recap, the original proposal was that in the context of a palladium lattice the gamma-producing dd fusion branch interacts electromagnetically with lattice site nuclei instead of producing a gamma photon. The result is that you would get a prompt 4He that, when born, pushes off of a nearby heavy palladium nucleus. The heart of the idea is that the energy is yielded in a (near-) instantaneous electromagnetic transfer with the palladium lattice site. The gamma, which takes a long time to be emitted, is competetively suppressed and the energy is translated into kinetic energy of the daughter 4He and the palladium lattice site. This happens because the electromagnetic interaction is very fast compared to gamma photon emission. The process is so fast in fact that it also competes favorably with the other dd branches, which involve the production of energetic charged particles and neutrons (a slower process). The discussion here has run with Ron's idea and modified and extended it. The extension is to all gamma-producing fusion branches, and not just d(d,ɣ)4He, and to electromagnetic interaction not only with lattice site nuclei but also with the ambient electronic structure of the metal lattice. The modification involves how the chain reaction proceeds. Whereas Ron proposes that energetic charged deuterons drive the reaction in a very specific way (see for the full discussion), the proposal here is that all electromagnetic interactions, whether directly with the electronic structure or indirectly through disruptions resulting from the motion of fast charged particles, proceed to modify the charge density in the metal lattice such that screening or possibly a mechanism similar to that of the Polywell reactor makes dd fusion and pd fusion orders of magnitude more likely.
The motivation for the approach of this thought experiment is twofold. The first reason this hypothetical mechanism is attractive is that it has a good phenomenological fit to the cold fusion experimental observations. A second reason is that to my knowledge it does not depart too far from conventional physics. While it is true that a few assumptions must be reexamined, our basic understanding of physical laws and interactions need not be set aside, in connection, for example, with the strong interaction, the weak interaction and Coulomb repulsion.
Now for the observations and predictions.
1. In PdD electrolytic experiments, 4He seems to be produced at or close to the surface of the cathode.
The main reason for this belief is that the 4He, which is thought to be the primary ash of PdD cold fusion, is found near the surface and less and less as towards the bulk of the palladium cathode. Because 4He is not mobile in palladium (except when there are fissures and cracks), it cannot migrate out of the cathode in the same way that deuterium can. This means that any 4He that is detected at or near the surface that is the result of a fusion process will have been produced at or near the surface. The requirement for surface or near-surface production of 4He in the PdD electrolytic system does not seem to be a hard and fast one, but there are several lines of evidence that point in that direction.
If the mechanism proposed here holds, the reason for this would be straightforward. Electrical current can be expected, through the mechanism of this thought experiment, to bring alter the charge density of the lattice site nuclei. The electron charge would then become more evenly distributed throughout the lattice and into the interstitial areas, rather than being concentrated around the lattice sites as it normally is. The cause for the change in charge density is not yet clear -- in this case it could be through interactions between migrating electrons with more tightly bound electrons. But because current flows primarily through the skin of a conductor and less and less towards the center, one would see less and less of the effect with increasing depth into the cathode.
2. In PdD electrolytic experiments, it can take a while for an effect to be seen. 3. In PdD electrolytic experiments, there seems to be a relationship between impurities and an effect. Excess heat may not be seen in a pure palladium cathode, for example, whereas it may be seen increasingly effectively in a cathode which has undergone prior electrolysis and has acquired impurities through the process of electrolysis.
It would seem that impurities play a role of some kind. One thought here is that in order for the charge density to be altered, the energy within the electronic structure must be allowed to increase. This process can be expected to be defeated if electrons are mobile throughout the cathode. If there are dielectric impurities that have the effect of isolating certain portions of the cathode into their own insulated islands, the average energy of the electronic structure within those islands can be expected to increase. In a fresh cathode, there may be few impurities and insulated islands of this type. After a long period of electrolysis, however, there may be more and more insulated islands that can retain energy in this way, facilitating the modification of the charge distribution and hence the shielding mentioned above.
4. In cold fusion experiments, one often sees strange transients in the current, in which the current increases for periods of time.
This detail was noted by Abd sometime back. One possible explanation here would be that the process being proposed has two branches -- one is the electrostatic dumping of the energy of a fusion directly into the electronic structure, and the other the creation of kinetic energy as the 4He daughter (in the case of PdD) pushes off of a lattice site. The former branch is relevant here, as it seems to be equivalent to a spark discharge into the electron cloud of around 24 MeV (or 5 MeV). If enough of these events occurred, one supposes there would be an increase in current at the macroscopic level and an apparent decrease in resistivity.
5. In cold fusion experiments, very little prompt radiation is seen.
This is an observation that Ed has steadfastly defended and that I have only reluctantly come around to after reading through some of the early papers. Now that there is a mechanism that makes sense to me that does not purely involve fast particles (such as the one proposed by Ron Maimon in ), I'm more open-minded to cold fusion products being born without kinetic energy. This backtracking on my part inverts the old saying that seeing is believing -- here we have something like, "having a believable explanation is seeing."
The lack of prompt radiation suggests that of the two different branches proposed -- one in which the decaying [dd]* or [pd]* intermediate state electrostatically dumps directly into the electronic structure, and the other in which the resulting 4He or 3He pushes off of a lattice site -- it would seem to be the first branch that is dominant. In that branch, one expects 4He and 3He to be born almost motionless, and the momentum of the reaction to be carried away primarily by the electronic structure. Here it may be the local region of the electron cloud as a whole that receives the momentum, or, alternatively, a single electron. In the former case there would be almost no Bremsstrahlung. In the latter case, which would result in a ~24 MeV or ~5 MeV electron, one would expect Bremsstrahlung.
6. Excess heat has been seen in zeolites impregnated with palladium.
Because the zeolite matrix is an electrical insulator, the energy of the electronic structure in the palladium particles embedded within it can be allowed to increase over time, altering thereby through some as-yet-discovered phenomenon the distribution of charge density. This is similar to the possible role played by impurities mentioned above in connection with (2) and (3).
7. In PdD electroly


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Leaky Moen Shower Faucet was published on February 26, 2018 at 10:12 pm. This post is uploaded at the Faucet category. Leaky Moen Shower Faucet is labelled with Leaky Moen Shower Faucet, Leaky, Moen, Shower, Faucet..
Leakyleak•y (lē′kē),USA pronunciation adj., leak•i•er, leak•i•est.
- allowing liquid, gas, etc., to enter or escape: a leaky boat; a leaky container.
- unreliable: a leaky memory; a leaky tongue.
Showershow•er1 (shou′ər),USA pronunciation n.
- a brief fall of rain or, sometimes, of hail or snow.
- Also called show′er bath′. a bath in which water is sprayed on the body, usually from an overhead perforated nozzle(showerhead).
- the apparatus for this or the room or stall enclosing it.
- a large supply or quantity: a shower of wealth.
- a party given for a bestowal of presents of a specific kind, esp. such a party for a prospective bride or prospective mother: a linen shower; a baby shower.
- a fall of many objects, as tears, sparks, or missiles.
- See air shower.
- showers, a room or area equipped with several showerheads or stalls for use by a number of people at the same time.
- send to the showers, [Baseball.]
- to replace (a pitcher) during a game, usually because he or she is ineffective: The coach sent him to the showers after he walked three batters in a row.
- to cause (a pitcher) to be replaced in a game, as by getting many hits off him or her;
knock out of the box: Two home runs and a line-drive double sent her to the showers.
- to bestow liberally or lavishly.
- to deluge (a person) with gifts, favors, etc.: She was showered with gifts on her birthday.
- to bathe (oneself ) in a shower bath.
- to rain in a shower.
- to take a shower bath.
Faucetfau•cet (fô′sit),USA pronunciation n.
- any device for controlling the flow of liquid from a pipe or the like by opening or closing an orifice;
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- What are the patterns, enablers, obstacles and outcomes of international movement for researchers?
- How do these patterns, enablers, obstacles and outcomes vary for researchers around the world?
RAND Europe conducted a survey of researchers worldwide on their experiences with visiting or relocating to other countries for research-related purposes. The survey covered 2,465 respondents from 109 countries. It was commissioned by the Wellcome Trust on behalf of the international Together Science Can campaign, and supports the campaign's work to celebrate and protect international collaboration in science.
Over three quarters of respondents had moved to live in another country for research training or work at some point during their career. More senior researchers tend to travel more frequently. Nearly all respondents stated that research benefits from researchers visiting or moving to other countries. They perceived that international movement had helped in forming collaborations and developing ideas, skills and expertise, but can also present challenges on a personal level. Reported barriers to international movement included access to funding, family responsibilities, lack of information about jobs abroad and visa-related obstacles. Respondents who were nationals of African and Asian countries generally encountered more obstacles to international movement than those from North America and Europe.
- Three quarters of survey respondents have moved to live in another country for research purposes.
- Career progression and international movement are correlated.
- Students or those training to be researchers are the least likely to visit other countries for research purposes.
- Europe is a particularly mobile and connected research community.
- Respondents raised concerns about the effects of political developments, including the UK's decision to leave the EU and changes in the US political climate.
- International travel and relocation are costly, and financial support is an important enabler of international movement.
- African and Asian researchers are more likely to receive support from a funder than from their institution.
- Visa requirements do not prevent most researchers from travelling, but visa applications can be prohibitively time consuming, complex and costly.
- Researchers from Asia and Africa are much more likely to have visa-related challenges, particularly for short-term visits.
- Family-related challenges are the most frequently cited obstacle to international relocation.
- African researchers and those who have not moved previously are more likely to cite lack of information about jobs abroad as an obstacle to movement.
- Many internationally mobile researchers have not faced travel obstacles; European researchers reported the fewest obstacles to travel, while African researchers reported the most.
- International movement can have negative outcomes for individuals.
- Nearly all researchers — whether they have experienced international movement or not — believe that international movement is important for research.
- Researchers of all nationalities stated that international movement boosts research outcomes by forging new collaborations and developing ideas, skills and expertise.
The research described in this report was prepared for the Together Science Can and Wellcome Trust and conducted by RAND Europe.
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text:
Wrapper functions to more user-friendly calling of certain math functions whose output data-type is different than the input data-type in certain domains of the input.
For example, for functions like log with branch cuts, the versions in this module provide the mathematically valid answers in the complex plane:
>>> import math >>> from numpy.lib import scimath >>> scimath.log(-math.exp(1)) == (1+1j*math.pi) True
Similarly, sqrt, other base logarithms, power and trig functions are correctly handled. See their respective docstrings for specific examples.


Foto: Joachim E. Röttgers
Statutes "just human e.V."
§ 1 Name, location
 1. The society is named „just human". It is located in Stuttgart, Germany.
 2. The society is officially registered as a non-profit making society and thus receives the addition „e.V".
 3. The working year is the calendar year.
§ 2 Purpose
 1. The purpose of the society is to help refugees, as well as to support actions to help alleviate reasons leading to their flight and it will support the development of democratic structures and administration.
 In detail, the society will focus on:
 - The assistance of refugees who had to flee their countries because of war, violence, political or personal persecution, exploitation or economic problems,
 - international ethos and tolerance in all areas of culture and human understanding,
 - cooperation in developmental work,
 - assistance for people, especially of women and girls as well as lesbians, gays, bisexuals, transgender, transsexuals and intersexuals, whose human rights are violated,
 - analysis and research towards understanding the reasons leading to flight and their abolishment and support for people who are affected by war, violence, political or personal persecution, exploitation or economic problems,
 - education and qualification into reasons for flight and assistance in building democratic structures and administration.
 2. The purpose of the statutes will be achieved by
 - helping individuals or developing projects to help save refugees in danger of death, as well as the application of basic human care and medical, psychosocial and legal support both in Germany and worldwide,
 - actions and projects to avoid reasons for flight, e.g., engagement in human rights and against climatic changes, weapon dealing, violence and economic exploitation, as well as in the development of democratic structures and administration,
 - political lobbying, awareness and information for the public,
 - the development of organisational structures in Germany and worldwide.
§ 3 Public benefits and benevolence
 1. The society pursues only benefits to the public and benevolence in the context of the section „Tax deductible purposes" in the general German tax code.
 2. The society is altruistic: it is not designed to generate profits.
 3. Society capital may only be used for the purposes described in the statutes. Society members will not receive financial gains from the society capital.
 4. No-one will profit in any way through donations or disproportionate gratuities that are not covered by the society statutes.
§ 4 Management Body of the Society
 1. The society is governed through the general assembly meetings and members of the board.
§ 5 Membership
 1. Any natural or judicial person or who is prepared to help realise the society goals can become a society member. The steering committee will decide who may become a member.
 2. Membership ends:
 - Through a written statement to the steering committee explaining the reasons for wishing to leave. Membership will officially finish at the end of the calendar year,
 - through expulsion of a member,
 - through death of a member (judicial persons through contract termination).
 3. Any member can be expelled if his/her behaviour grossly contradicts the interests of the society. The steering committee will decide over the expulsion.
 4. Anyone who has voluntarily left or been expelled from the society will have no claims on the society's assets.
 5. The amount for membership fees shall be decided by the members at the society's general assembly meetings. The society deals with donations from members and third party grants for the purposes listed under §2. Society members shall also be active in attracting new financial donors and supporters in order to achieve the purposes listed under §2.
§ 6 General Assembly Meetings
 1. The official members assembly meeting shall take place once per year. Additional meetings may be organised if it is in the interest of the society or when at least 20% of the members call for such an additional meeting by written application stating their reasons and purpose of the meeting.
 2. Every society member shall receive a written invitation to the general members assembly meeting from the board, either by post or email at least four weeks prior to the meeting, which shall include the planned agenda.
 3. The chairperson is the chair of the board, or in case of their absence, the second chair of the board of the society. In case neither can attend, a chairperson shall be named by the attending members through a majority vote. A secretary shall also be chosen by the attending members.
 4. Every Members Assembly Meeting listed above shall be competent in making decisions, regardless of the number present at the meeting, according to the specifications.
 5. Any decisions made at the general meeting shall be carried through a simple majority of the valid votes made. Abstentions will count as invalid votes. Any changes to the statutes of the society shall require a majority of 75% of the valid votes made. The board shall decide on the form of voting. However, this must be made using written voting forms, unless all of the attending members prefer to have an open vote.
 6. A written protocol shall be made concerning any decisions made, that shall be signed by the chairperson and the chosen secretary.
§ 7 Board
 1. The total size of the board shall consist of at least three and maximally five members. At least 50% of the steering committee shall be female.
 2. The official board representatives shall consist of the chair of the board and second chair of the board of the society. Each can represent the society individually according to German law (§ 26 BGB). At least one of these shall be female.
 3. The board shall be voted in at the general membership meeting for a period of at least two years. All members of the steering committee shall remain in office until a new election takes place.
 4. The board may select an executive manager to assist in running the society. The executive manager will be responsible for all aspects of the society not as a controller for the board and shall become a member of the committee with voting powers. The executive manager may represent the society with the same rights as the chair of the board or second chair of the board following written authorization according to German law (§ 26 BGB).
 5. The board shall make concrete decisions concerning the realization of those purposes listed under § 2 and shall report on such projects at the general membership assembly, listing successes or failures of projects. The society board and if named, the executive manager are entitled to introduce their own applications for support.
§ 8 Auditing Control
 1. The general meeting assembly shall select two members as account auditors for a period of two years each.
 2. The auditors shall control the accounts according to correct cash management by the the board and where present, the executive manager. The auditors shall report annually at the general membership assembly meeting.
§ 9 Closure, Access to the Society's funds
In case the society closes or through loss of tax-privileged purposes, the society funds will be passed on to the medica mondiale e.V. That society must immediately and exclusively utilize these funds only for non-profit making charitable purposes.


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Item # 500388
This new book takes a comprehensive look at science in the middle grades through data collection with the CBL 2. Physical science is explored through properties of matter, motion and force, and transfer of energy. Life Science activities investigate living systems, populations of ecosystems, and diversity and adaptations of organisms. Finally, students venture out into the Earth and Solar System through the study of Earth and Space Sciences.


Java Dynamic Management Kit 5.0 Tutorial
Defining Relation Types
We define a relation type in the relation service by associating a name for the relation type with a non-empty array of RoleInfo objects. These are the parameters to the service's createRelationType method that we call through the MBean server.
Example 15–3 Defining a Relation Type
try {
 String relTypeName = "myRelationType";
 Object[] params = new Object[2];
 params[0] = relTypeName;
 params[1] = roleInfoArray;
 String[] signature = new String[2];
 signature[0] = "java.lang.String";
 // get the string representing the "RoleInfo[]" object
 signature[1] = (roleInfoArray.getClass()).getName();
 server.invoke( relServObjName, "createRelationType",
 params, signature);
} catch (Exception e) {
 echo("\tCould not create the relation type " + relTypeName);
The relation type name given by the calling process must be unique among all relation type names already created in the relation service. Relations will refer to this name to define their type, and the service will verify that the roles of the relation match the role information in this type.
The relation service provides methods for managing the list of relation types it stores. The removeRelationType removes the type's definition from the relation service and also removes all relation instances of this type. This mechanism is further covered in Maintaining Consistency.
Other methods give the list of all currently defined relation types or the role information associated with a given type. Role information is always obtained through the name of the relation type where it is defined. Here we show the subroutine that our example uses to print out all role and type information.
Example 15–4 Retrieving Relation Types and Role Information
try {
 echo("\n-> Retrieve all relation types");
 Object[] params1 = new Object[0];
 String[] signature1 = new String[0];
 ArrayList relTypeNameList = (ArrayList)
 (server.invoke( relServObjName, "getAllRelationTypeNames",
 params1, signature1));
 for (Iterator relTypeNameIter = relTypeNameList.iterator();
 relTypeNameIter.hasNext(); ) {
 String currRelTypeName = (String)(relTypeNameIter.next());
 echo("\n-> Print role info for relation type " +
 Object[] params2 = new Object[1];
 params2[0] = currRelTypeName;
 String[] signature2 = new String[1];
 signature2[0] = "java.lang.String";
 ArrayList roleInfoList = (ArrayList)
 (server.invoke( relServObjName,"getRoleInfos",
 params2, signature2));
} catch (Exception e) {
 echo("\tCould not browse the relation types");


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Conditions of Use
Water Quality.
D.O is oxygen that dissolves into water. This years average is 8.3 which is good! You measure D.O with a probe, you put the sensor in the water & it gives the the amount of D.O.
Turbidity is Based on how clean or dirty the water is, high turbidity can kill fish and fish start to abandon habitat and plants will die. Chimacum creeks average of turbidity is in the 30's.
Ammonia can be found in many cleaning products.Ammonia is a colorless gas & strong smelling. The formula of Ammonia is NH3, means it consists of one atom of nitrogen and three atoms of hydrogen.
Nitrogen is In the air,and is a gas. It can cause a sickness called Methemogoblin. Plants can not use nitrates it's not good for them. N2 is 78% of air.
Flow rate is based on how fast or slow the water is going.Flow rate is measured by a probe with a propeler. Air flow rate is one other type of flow rate. Flow rates average is 1.3 cubic meters per second which is good.
temperature is very important to water, if its to cold or to warm fish can die. It takes longer for deeper water to heat up because there is more water. In the summer if the temperature doesnt get over 50 degrees ferenheit then the fish will be fine.
Ph is Positive Hydrogen, Which is H2O. Ph ranges from 0-14, 0-6 is Acidic, 7 is Basic (well, 7 is pure H2O, or water, and above 7 all the way to 14 is basic and alkaline because they mean the same thing. - From Mr. G), And 8-14 is Alkaline,Human blood is basic so about a 7.3 or 7.5.
Article posted March 5, 2012 at 10:35 AM •
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The Canvas widget is one of the versatile widgets in Tkinter which is used to create illustrations, draw shapes, arcs, images, and other complex layouts in an application. To create a Canvas widget, you'll need to create a constructor of canvas(root, **options).
You can use the factory functions to create text, images, arcs and define other shapes in the canvas. In some cases, if you want to create another canvas using the same canvas to keep the application workflow consistent, then you can create a button to call an event that creates another canvas.
To understand this, let us create a canvas and a button to open another canvas to update the primary canvas widget.
# Import required libraries from tkinter import * from tkinter import ttk # Create an instance of tkinter window win = Tk() win.geometry("700x350") # Create an instance of style class style=ttk.Style(win) def open_new_win(): top=Toplevel(win) canvas1=Canvas(canvas, height=180, width=100, bg="_TAG_") canvas1.pack() Label(canvas1, text="You can modify this text", font='Helvetica 18 bold').pack() # Create a canvas widget canvas=Canvas(win, height=400, width=300) canvas.pack() # Create a button widget button=ttk.Button(canvas, text="Open Window", command=open_new_win) button.pack(pady=30) win.mainloop()
Running the above code will display a window with a button to open another canvas window.
When you click the button, it will display a message on the primary canvas window.


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The sea by james reeves
In this poem, james reeves describes the sea in 3 different parts of the year in the 1st stanza the sea is compared by a metaphor ta a hungry dog this shows that in the cold winter days the sea. 1 the sea by james reeves the sea is a hungry dog, giant and grey he rolls on the beach all day with his clashing teeth and shaggy jaws hour upon hour he gnaws. 'the sea', a modern poem by james reeves is an interestingly original new way of how we can look at the sea even the way the verses are placed like waves to completely immerse the reader into the atmosphere, shows imagination. The poem "the sea," by james reeves, presents to the reader a whole new different and imaginative view of the sea you would expect that the sea and a dog are two completely unrelated things in this world, but whilst reading this intelligently thought out poem, you come to realise that they are in fact very alike and share many similarities.
Poetry homework help i have been given an essay question for a poem we are studying in class the poem is 'the sea' by james reeves question: explain how reeves uses imagery effectively throughout the poem the poem: the sea the sea is a hungry dog, giant and grey. The poem 'the sea' by jreeves compares the sea at its various moods, to a "dog, giant and grey" the thrashing waves are 'gnawing'at the stones on the beach,'licking' them it is rather uneasy during storms and it 'snuffs and sniffs" but on quiet days, the sea is so calm, as a. The sea by james reeves extract 'the sea is a hungry dog, giant and grey he rolls on the beach all day' this poem is excellent for developing personification and metaphor. The sea by james reeves is rich in imagery and in creative metaphorical relations made between the sea and the idea of a dog the poem is not, however, rich in theme in discussing the formal.
Immediately download the analysis of 'the sea' by james reeves summary, chapter-by-chapter analysis, book notes, essays, quotes, character descriptions, lesson plans, and more - everything you need for studying or teaching analysis of 'the sea' by james reeves. Poem 'the sea' by james reeves comprehension english assignment hi in english we have an assignment on a poem written by james reeves the sea please help me out the poem is here the sea is a hungry dog, giant and grey. The theme of the poem the sea by james reeves is the roughness of the sea and the almost never ending activity of the sea the sea is a hungry dog, giant and grey he rolls on the beach all day. 1) the two aspects being identified are the characteristics of the dog and the sea james reeves is personifying the sea as if it were a dog 2) james reeves is mentioning the vastness of the sea by calling it giant.
A copy of the poem with some questions for students to answer teacher copy with answers provided. James reeve's poem the sea remains as a piece of literature that could be appreciated and enjoyed by the reader visualizing the varied tones and behaviour form of the sea in its luster and its fierceness 3rd one. A look at the poem the sea by james reeves and how the imagery he uses to describe the sea can also be found in the new collection of poems by denny bradbury, de:versify. Start studying the sea by james reeves learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Using james reeves' poem 'the sea' students complete tasks and then attempt their own extended metaphor poem.
The sea by james reeves
"the sea" by james reeves essay sample jreeves has successfully used the dog metaphor to elicit the behaviors of the sea at many occasions the poet compares the different behaviors of the dog at different moods with the sea. The poem "the sea," by james reeves, presents to the reader a whole new different and imaginative view of the sea you would expect that the sea and a dog are two completely unrelated things in this world, but whilst reading this intelligently thought out poem, you come to realise that they are. The sea poem by james reeves - poem hunter the sea is a hungry dog, giant and grey he rolls on the beach all day with his clashing teeth and shaggy jaws shaggy = hairy.
The sea by james reeves class viii poem analysis summary in bengali - duration: 20:08 kutubuddin molla 6,184 views 20:08 sleep sounds stormy sea 60mins natural sound and video. Elements of poetry (partial list) by elsa pla wwwwritecookcom notice the sensory details in the following lines from "the sea" by james reeves: the giant. The seajames reeves mother nature is just like everyone, beautiful and attractive, with a lot of features and resources that help us live - short note on the sea - james reeves introduction.
The sea by james reeves jordyn wood 4-30-14 alliteration in the last stanza is the letter s the reason i say this is because of the words sandy shores and. Free essay: the sea by james reeves the main idea of the sea by james reeves is that the sea is similar to a dog in so many ways they both share similar. The poet compares sea to a dog in different moodsthe sea, by james reeves, basically talks about how the sea is similar to a dog in many occasions he says that sea is a hungry dog he eats what ever comes in. "the sea" by james reeves is a three stanza poem that includes the use of metaphor, imagery, onomatopoeia, and varied rhyming schemes in the first stanza, the poet uses a metaphor to say.


Australian Feral Starling Control & Removal.
Australian Feral Management will advise on the problems associated with starlings and the alternatives methods of control.
Australian feral management Starlings
An introduced bird with an upright stance and a rapid jerking walk. First released in the 1850's in Victoria, it is now widespread throughout eastern Australia. It's name comes from the spangled star-like appearance of it's fresh autumn moult.
Starlings are omnivorous. They feed mostly on the ground, feeding on insects, seeds and small fruits. They are a major pest on cultivated fruit crops.
Starlings are now so numerous they may be threatening some native bird species by competing for nesting places – tree holes etc.
Up to 3 broods of four or five young each a year can be raised by a single pair of birds. In late summer, starlings can congregate in huge flocks (20,000 plus) and cause massive damage to crops in a matter of days. Starlings are very tough and wiry and yet show caution when dealing with man.
By harassing the starlings when they land in a crop and causing them to fly away, circle around and then land again, only to be chased away again is causing them to use up valuable energy for no return. Usually after half an hour or so of this, they move on to another "easier" site.
Starlings love power lines as a perch site, similarly they like large old dead trees. They usually avoid more heavily treed areas, probably to keep away from goshawks and the like which can ambush them.
In the suburbs of large cities the main complaint is the lice that come when starlings start nesting in the roofs of homes.
If you have problems with Starlings call Australian Feral Management today on Phone: 1300 669 546


text:
Claudio Monteverdi (1567–1643):
A student of Marc'Antonio Ingegneri in Cremona, Claudio Monteverdi quickly established himself as one of the most significant composers of his time. In 1592 he was appointed suonatore di vivuola (viol and/or violin player) to Duke Vincenzo I of Mantua; his third book of madrigals, published in 1592, shows the strong influence of Giaches de Wert, the maestro di cappella in Mantua. Although the several journeys Monteverdi made with the duke in the 1590s seem to suggest that his importance at court was growing, Benedetto Pallavicino was offered de Wert's post upon its vacancy in 1596. Increasingly dissatisfied with the his situation in Mantua, Monteverdi left the court after the Duke's death, accepting the position of maestro di cappella of St. Mark's in Venice in 1613. Monteverdi wrote some of the most influential compositions of the early baroque, including the famous 1610 Vespro della Beate Vergine (Vespers of the Blessed Virgin) and nine books of secular madrigals published between 1587 and 1651. Monteverdi also composed the earliest operas still performed today, including Orfeo (1607) and L'incoronazione di Poppea.
In addition to writing some of the most important music of his day, Monteverdi unwittingly elucidated perhaps the most critical tenet of the baroque era during the so-called "Monteverdi-Artusi controversy." In 1600, Giovanni Maria Artusi published his L'Artusi, ovvero, Delle imperfezioni della moderna musica, which attacked the "crudities" and "license" of some of Monteverdi's then-unpublished madrigals (including the well known "Cruda Amarilli"). Monteverdi responded to Artusi in the preface to his Fifth Book of Madrigals (1605), dividing musical practice into prima prattica (first practice), in which rules of harmony and counterpoint took precedence over the text, and seconda prattica (second practice), in which the meaning of the words drove the harmony.
Girolamo Frescobaldi (1583–1643):
Born in Ferrara, Girolamo Frescobaldi was a student of the organist and madrigalist Luzzasco Luzzaschi; he was also likely influenced by the maverick composer Carlo Gesualdo, who was also in Ferrara at the time. Frescobaldi was a famous keyboardist, and served as the organist at the church of Santa Maria in Trastevere in Rome before assuming the same post at St Peter's in 1608, which he held until his death. During this time he also held several other influential positions, including that of organist at the Medici court in Florence from 1628 to 1634. Frescobaldi composed a small amount of vocal music, but it was his compositions for the keyboard—which included a number of toccatas, canzonas, ricercars and capriccios—that influenced composers well into the 18th century—particularly J. S. Bach, who owned his collection of organ works for performance during Mass entitled Fiori musicali (1635).
Arcangelo Corelli (1653–1713):
Born in Fusignano, Arcangelo Corelli studied composition and violin in nearby Bologna. After 1675 Corelli worked for some of the most important musical patrons in Rome, including Queen Christina of Sweden, for whom he directed concerts. He also formed a close bond not typical between patron and composer with Cardinal Pietro Ottoboni (later Pope Alexander VIII), at whose palace he lived for some time. Corelli enjoyed a stellar reputation both in Rome, where he was accepted in the highest aristocratic circles, and in much of Europe. His six published collections of concertos, sonatas and other works for violin were extremely popular, and made him the first composer to gain an international reputation solely on the basis of his instrumental music. Because his music uses many of the harmonic progressions that came to form the basis of modern tonality, his works are sometimes used as early examples of this newly emergent tonal system.
Along with his stature as a composer, Corelli was considered to be one of the preeminent violin virtuosos of his day. As one of his contemporaries rhapsodized after hearing him play, "I never met with any man that suffered his passions to hurry him away so much whilst he was playing on the violin as the famous Arcangelo Corelli, whose eyes will sometimes turn as red as fire; his countenance will be distorted, his eyeballs roll as in an agony, and he gives in so much to what he is doing that he doth not look like the same man." Corelli's style of playing influenced violin technique for centuries, and he instructed many of the leading violinist-composers of the 18th century, including the Italian Francesco Geminiani.
Antonio Vivaldi (1678–1741):
Born in Venice, Antonio Vivaldi was trained in music as a child, but was ordained as a priest in 1703. Although his vocation and striking red hair earned him the moniker "Il Prete Rosso" (the Red Priest), his picturesque nickname soon became the only vestige of his priestly duties. Within a year of his ordination, Vivaldi stated that he no longer wished to celebrate the mass because of "tightness of the chest," a condition some have attributed to angina pectoris, asthmatic bronchitis—or simply to the fact that music was the Red Priest's true calling.
Around 1704, Vivaldi began his association with the Ospedale della Pietà, an institution with which he was connected for most of his life. Although the Ospedale was usually called an orphanage, it was in reality a home for the illegitimate daughters of Venetian noblemen, and was well financed by its "anonymous" benefactors. In addition to room, board, and an excellent education in music, the Pietà offered a creative outlet for women at a time when professional opportunities for female musicians were uncertain. The students of the Pietà played many different instruments (as one eighteenth-century writer observed, "[They] play the violin, the recorder, the organ, the oboe, the cello, the bassoon; in fact, there is no instrument large enough to frighten them") and were considered to be among the most accomplished performers of their time. Because they were constantly in need of new music, the bulk of Vivaldi's output—including almost 500 concertos, 46 sinfonias, 73 sonatas, chamber music and a small number of sacred compositions – was likely intended for these talented performers.
Alessandro Scarlatti (1660–1725):
A student of Giacomo Carissimi in Rome, Alessandro Scarlatti became the maestro di cappella of the viceroy of Naples in 1684 perhaps by way of his sister, an opera singer and the mistress of an influential Neapolitan noble. Scarlatti wrote over 100 operas, and his works are thought to represent the change in approach to the genre—including the standardization of forms, embellishment of arias and minimization of recitatives—that took place at the end of the 17th century, ultimately leading to the subgenre opera seria. In addition to opera, Scarlatti composed more than 600 cantatas and a number of oratorios. His fame today rests primarily on his vocal music, but Scarlatti received frequent commissions for instrumental music during his career as well.
Domenico Scarlatti (1685–1757):
The sixth son of Alessandro Scarlatti, Domenico Scarlatti likely received the best musical education Naples had to offer. Around 1708, the elder Scarlatti took his son to Venice to study with Francesco Gasparini (1668–1727), who had been a pupil of Corelli. From Venice the younger Scarlatti journeyed to Rome—reportedly with Handel—where the two men performed before Cardinal Pietro Ottoboni. About 1720 Scarlatti moved to Lisbon, and some ten years later to Madrid. He is known today primarily for his keyboard sonatas, in which his frequent borrowings from Hispanic folk tunes and rhythms create a unique sound that is sometimes called "Iberian Baroque."
Giovanni Battista Pergolesi (1710–1736):
Born in Jesi in 1710, Pergolesi studied under Francesco Sartini. He moved to Naples in 1725, where he spent his brief career working in the Neapolitan courts. While in Naples, Pergolesi joined Alessandro Scarlatti in pioneering the changes underway in the genre of opera, particularly in the new opera buffa (comic opera). In 1733, he included within his opera Il prigioner superbo the two act buffa intermezzo La serva padrona (The Landlady Servant), which immediately became popular in its own right. Its premiere in Paris in 1752 sparked the so-called querelle des bouffons (quarrel of the comedians), a debate between devotees of serious French opera in the style of Lully and Rameau and fans of the new style of Italian comic opera. During the course of the two-year dispute


text:
On December 7, President Obama and Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper released the "Beyond the Border Action Plan." Following on a declaration issued by both nations' leaders in February, the action plan lays out a joint vision to enhance security and accelerate the flow of people and goods between the two nations.
Already, the United States and Canada cooperate extensively to share information and intelligence, enhance law enforcement cooperation, and thwart potential air and sea threats through the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD). However, by building on existing initiatives and working to foster perimeter-based security, the initiative seeks to enhance joint counterterrorism efforts and facilitate safe and efficient trade and travel.
Beyond the Border Action Plan
Connected by a 5,525-mile shared land border and over 115,000 flights per year, the U.S. and Canada generate more than $1 billion in trade per day between themselves. Ensuring that this engine runs as smoothly as possible is equally important as enhancing the two nations' joint security.
Marrying both these objectives, the action plan sets forth a long-term coordinated plan for facilitating shared security and the flow of trade and travel. Rather than centering on bilateral border security, the action plan seeks a perimeter approach to stop transnational threats before they reach North America. At the same time, this approach would help ease traffic congestion at the border and coordinate efforts at cross-border travel and trade. In doing so, the Action plan focuses on four main areas of cooperation:
Addressing threats early. The best way to safeguard Canada and the United States from transnational terrorists is to keep them out of North America in the first place. By working to address threats as early as possible, terrorists and other threats can be stopped long before they reach the shores of either nation. In order to achieve this goal, the plan calls for enhanced intelligence and information sharing, developing a joint threat assessment to analyze security gaps, streamlining the tracking of cargo and travelers, and coordinating efforts in countering violent extremism.
Trade facilitation, economic growth, and jobs. Last year, trade between the U.S. and Canada totaled approximately $525.3 billion, making Canada the United States' top trading partner. The action plan seeks to enhance the flow of legitimate trade and travel through increased investments in infrastructure and technology at many of the 120 points of entry along the U.S.–Canada border and expanding the trusted traveler and trade program.
Cross-border law enforcement. Building on a strong history of cross-border law enforcement through the maritime security Shiprider program, as well as the Border Enforcement Security Task Forces and the Integrated Border Enforcement Teams, the action plan seeks to further improve information sharing among law enforcement officers and enhance cooperation with regard to national security and transnational criminal investigations.
Critical infrastructure and cybersecurity. In addition to enhancing trade, security, and law enforcement cooperation, the action plan seeks to strengthen the resiliency of the United States and Canada's shared critical and cyber infrastructures and strengthen the ability of both nations to respond to and recover from disasters and emergencies on either side of the border.
Building on a Vital Partnership
Further fostering this vital partnership and working to ensure that North America remains free, safe, and prosperous is of the utmost importance. The policies laid out in the action plan represent a key first step, but more can be done. In order to build upon these efforts, the United States and Canada should seek to:
Coordinate visa policies. Both the U.S. and Canada offer visa-free travel to certain countries. In the U.S., the Visa Waiver Program (VWP) allows citizens from 36 member nations to visit the country for 90 days without obtaining visas. In order to ensure that visitors admitted under VWP do not pose a security risk, individuals are first vetted through the Electronic System for Travel Authorization. Canada has a similar program, also intended to enhance tourism and business while boosting national security. Canada and the U.S. should work to coordinate their visa policies and grant visa waiver status to citizens of the same countries. Coordinated visa policies would help to ensure that both nations apply the same standards for admission, enhancing internal security for both countries.
Expand NORAD to include Mexico. NORAD is an American and Canadian military command that provides aerospace and maritime warning for North America. Established in 1958 to confront the growing Soviet bomber threat, NORAD has repeatedly adapted to the evolving security environment. NORAD should now adapt further by expanding both its membership and its range of functions. The U.S. and Canada should invite Mexico to join NORAD, which would greatly enhance NORAD's aerial and maritime surveillance capabilities in North America and help to build a common strategic vision among North American countries that respects and strengthens the sovereignty of each nation while addressing common threats and concerns.
Enhance efforts to spur private investment in border infrastructure. The action plan calls for both nations to invest in improving shared border infrastructure and technology. Investments in bridges, roads, and infrastructure at the 120 points of entry along the border are key not only to ensuring enhanced security but also in facilitating the ease of cross-border trade and travel. Simply throwing government money at the problem, however, should not be the solution. Instead, both governments should seek to encourage private-sector investment along the border. One way to accomplish this goal is through the SAFETY Act, which provides liability protection to companies developing homeland security technologies. While SAFETY Act protections are currently available only to companies within the United States, encouraging similar protections within Canada would help to spur private-sector innovation in infrastructure along the border.
Shared Border, Shared Interests
With the economies, societies, and infrastructure of the U.S. and Canada so closely intertwined, a threat to one nation is a threat to the other. The right approach to joint U.S.–Canada security serves to emphasize the two nations' economic and diplomatic ties and ensure that North America remains free, safe, and prosperous.
Jessica Zuckerman is a Research Assistant in the Douglas and Sarah Allison Center for Foreign Policy Studies, a division of the Kathryn and Shelby Cullom Davis Institute for International Studies, at The Heritage Foundation.


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Native birds are protected by law so if you want to keep a native bird as a pet you'll need a biodiversity conservation licence granted under the Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016 from the Office of Environment and Heritage (National Parks and Wildlife Service).
Forty-one native birds bred in captivity can be kept as pets without a licence.
Protecting native birds
Taking native birds from the wild or release unwanted birds, even those species that don't require a licence to keep, is against the law (Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016).
Illegal killing and trapping has contributed to the decline of many native Australian bird species. Local extinctions can be caused by taking animals from the wild, or even your backyard. Dumped birds can spread disease and may starve or be killed by predators.
Licensing helps us:
- protect our unique bird species and their ecosystems
- keep animals safe
- abide by NSW laws.
Get the right licence
Native birds that can be kept as pets are each classed as Companion, B1 and/or B2 for the purposes of licensing. A different type of biodiversity conservation licence is needed for each class of bird. The right type licence for you will depend on how many birds you want to keep and which species of bird you want.


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Future of the Airline Industry 2035
The Future of the Airline Industry 2035 study commissioned by IATA's Industry Affairs Committee aims to help airlines and other key aviation stakeholders anticipate the key risks and opportunities that their businesses could face between now and 2035.
Carried out by the School of International Futures, the study looks at how external forces—from geopolitics to technological innovation and environmental concerns—could shape aviation's future.
Starting conversations today about the needs of tomorrow
A smarter regulation framework for aviation won't happen overnight and this study will help us to start conversations today about what we will need in 10 and 20 years' time.
The study is especially relevant to the following aviation stakeholders:
Airlines in planning for future technological, product and market development
Governments and regulators in their long-term infrastructure and regulatory planning
Airport operators in considering future capital expenditure
Civil aviation authorities (CAAs) and air navigation service providers (ANSPs) in contemplating future infrastructure design and development
Brave new world
The Future of the Airline Industry 2035 establishes 11 themes affecting air traffic demand: geopolitics, data, Africa and Asia-Pacific, government, security and borders, privacy and trust, business models, economy, values and communities, environment, and technology. These are explored in the context of four potential scenarios; new frontiers,
resource wars, and
platforms. The scenarios envisage different outcomes for the world.
The study purposely makes these scenarios extreme and accepts that the more likely future will combine elements of all four. However, the exercise of pushing boundaries allows us to consider a wider perspective.
The study allowed us to consider a variety of implications for the industry and to set out the industry-level recommendations.
Key drivers of change
- Environmental activism
- Infectious diseases and instability
- New modes of consumption
Middle class growth in China and the Asia-Pacific region
- Global aging
- Risk of terrorism
- IATA should establish an
industry-wide corporate responsibility programme, with a focus on transparency, safety and the environment that could help IATA to drive global standards and ensure the sector remains competitive in a world where there is increasing competition from other transport modalities.
- With the increasing risk of pandemics, a global approach to
managing infectious diseases becomes ever more important. While airlines need to be vigilant and prepared, IATA should also stress the increasingly important role that all stakeholders, particularly governments, need to play to ensure that responses are in line with WHO guidance and international health regulations.
- The industry should make every effort to
understand consumer attitudes in emerging markets, as well as how government and business in these countries view the role of the airline industry, in order to get ahead of potential future regulation.
- The industry should establish core principles on
facilitating the travel of older passengers and those with reduced mobility. An increasingly active aging population and changing attitudes to disability are likely to result in a greater need for the industry to support passengers with special requirements, for example on account of age, medical need or disability.
- The industry should monitor proposals to
extend or evolve the security cordon around airports to ensure that governments continue to be ultimately responsible for the safety of their citizens.
- The industry should work with appropriate organizations to drive the establishment of globally harmonized standards to address biohacking.


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As I wrote last week, the energy innovations of the future will need today's machines. A young startup called Gridtential Energy is another example of this trend, and over the past three years has been quietly developing a better lead acid battery using chip and hard-disk drive manufacturing processes.
Cheap, low-performance lead acid batteries are commonly used to start gas-powered cars — you know, that battery that sometimes goes dead when you leave your lights on. But higher performance, better quality lead acid batteries are also used in devices like forklifts, wheelchairs, and golfcarts. That's the first market that Gridtential wants to tackle, CEO Christiaan Beekhuis told me in an interview this week. Down the road the company wants to sell its batteries to power grid operators for applications like storage for a solar panel system.
Using a grant from the California Energy Commission, Gridtential was recently able to prove that several aspects of its lead acid battery are superior to the standard lead acid batteries currently on the market. The company's batteries have twice the energy density (amount of energy they can store per volume) and also can cost between 50 to 90 percent less when used in bulk over time in a battery bank.
After achieving this milestone Gridtential recently raised a seed financing round of a little over $1 million led by The Roda Group, an investor in Berkeley, Calif. that has also backed startups in energy like algae fuel maker Solazyme and Internet firms like Ask.com. The company plans to raise more money down the road as it gets closer to commercialization.
One of Gridtential's core innovations is that it's using manufacturing processes from the semiconductor and hard disk drive industry. Traditional lead acid batteries are made using lead plates with the active battery material pasted or printed onto the plate, which can make the layers thick and over time they can become detached from the plate. Gridtential is using the modern manufacturing techniques of the IT industry to create a thin layer of active material and have it bonded to the plate.
Beekhuis tells me that the manufacturing process makes the battery more robust (lasts longer), have a lot thinner active layer, and also makes for a lighter battery. The thin layer also means that the battery can charge and discharge with a higher efficiency, so it loses less energy to heat. In addition the Gridtential battery can be charged and discharged more than a regular battery, and can be charged and discharged to 80 percent of its capacity. In contrast basic lead acid batteries are more commonly charged and discharged closer to 40 to 50 percent of their capacity in order to make them last longer.
Beekhuis joined Gridtential in 2011 to help the team commercialize the technology. Previously he founded solar software company Fat Spaniel, which was sold to solar inverter maker Power-One.
Gridtential was founded by Peter Borden and Michele Klein back in 2010, and both entrepreneurs hail from Applied Materials. Borden developed solar manufacturing processes for Applied, and joined Applied after the chip manufacturing giant bought a processing company he founded. Klein developed energy storage technologies at Santa Clara University, and was a Senior Director at Applied Materials' venture arm. Gridtential has just a handful of employees currently.
The startup, which is based in San Jose, Calif., plans to use the recently raised seed round to build, install and test alpha units of its batteries in real world settings. Commercial deployments aren't expected until 2016.
Eventually when Gridtential wants to deploy its batteries commercially, the company can be fabless and can work with IT manufacturers on production. That means scaling up the technology can be a lot less expensive than building their own custom machines. For example, Gridtential has been working with Intevac, which is a major supplier of hard disk drive surfaces, on producing battery plates.
Other companies that are also using IT machines for production include thermoelectrics maker Alphabet Energy, and battery companies Imprint Energy and Seeo. In a year when funding for energy startups is very constrained, many of the new technologies that will emerge from the cleantech world will have to be built on standard low cost machines.
Still, building a battery startup from scratch is a very difficult thing to do. Another startup developing a better lead acid battery called Firefly Energy, which had raised funding from Khosla Ventures and the Quercus Trust, went bankrupt a couple years ago.


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Using electrodes from different manufacturers
If welding is to be performed according to a welding procedure specification, it is possible that changing the electrode manufacturer will invalidate approval of the procedure to the code/standard on which it was based. The manufacturer or 'trade name' of the electrode can be classed as an essential variable in a given weld procedure. The extent to which re-qualification is necessary will vary from code to code.
For example, in EN ISO 15614-1[1] and in the UK standard BS 4515:2004[2], approval is only restricted to the specific make of electrodeif impact testing is required as part of the procedure qualification. On the other hand, DNV OS-F101[3] states that on changing the brand of consumable, the welding procedure is to be considered invalid, and would need to be re-qualified (see table C-2).
In ASME IX[4] (QW-404.12, supplementary essential variable), the trade name is considered only if the electrode is not covered by an SFA specification or if the designation has a 'G' suffix within an SFA specification. In such cases and if impact testing is required, a change in the trade designation of the filler metal requires requalification.
If the code/standard permits use of another electrode brand, or if welding is not being carried out to a specific procedure, provided there have been no problems with their use, it is still advisable to stick with the consumables used in the code/standard or that which is normally used. This is because electrode classification does not take into account 'useability'. Different brands of electrode (of the same specification) often weld differently, and many welders are sensitive to differences in quality and operating characteristics of electrodes from various manufacturers. On occasion, differences have been identified in electrode performance for the same brand or source of electrode coating materials, which has resulted from a change in the plant where the electrodes are made. Whilst there may be no way of avoiding this, for the other reasons highlighted above the adage 'if it isn't broke, don't try to fix it' is sometimes the best advice regarding changing electrode brands.
 1. BS EN ISO 15614-1:2004+A2:2012 'Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials - Welding procedure test'.
 2. BS 4515-1:2009 'Specification for welding of steel pipelines on land and offshore'.
 3. Det Norske Veritas, Offshore Standard DNV-VOS-F101 'Submarine Pipeline Systems', October 2010.
 4. ASME B&PV, Section IX, 'Welding and Brazing Qualifications', 2011a edition.
For more information please email:


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➥ Tip! Refine or expand your search. Authors are sometimes listed as 'Smith, J. K.' instead of 'Smith, John' so it is useful to search for last names only. Note this is currently a simple phrase search.
GMM (Gaussian Mixture Modeling) tests the existence of bimodality in globular cluster color distributions. GMM uses three indicators to distinguish unimodal and bimodal distributions: the kurtosis of the distribution, the separation of the peaks, and the probability of obtaining the same χ2 from a unimodal distribution.


Damascus Gate Summary
Summary (Masterpieces of American Literature)
The title Damascus Gate refers to an ancient stone city gate, connecting Jewish and Muslim sectors of Jerusalem near sacred sites hotly contested by three faiths. That Jerusalem has incited religious and ethnic hatreds for centuries makes it the perfect setting for a millennium religious thriller in which ancient spiritual strictures, promises, and passions are reconfigured through explosive New Age sensibilities. While eruditely exploring the religious foundations of major religions, sects, and cults both modern and historical, Stone builds his story around a genuine 1980's plot to destroy the Mosque of Omar.
The novel also revisits in new ways the themes that have always driven Stone's art: religious mysticism, the drug culture and counterculturalists, competing apocalyptic visions (the products of senility, hallucinogenics, and wishful thinking), and ethnic and religious hatreds exposed and carried to bloody ends as individuals seeking meaning beyond their petty fiascoes steer, almost suicidially, toward shared disaster.
Stone's key characters are mainly displaced Americans with private visions of the Holy Land. Foremost is freelance journalist Christopher Lucas, whose Jewish father and Catholic mother have prompted both skepticism and faith and thus have indirectly led him to his latest book project, a study of the Jerusalem Syndrome—an Israeli psychiatrist's term for a form of religious mania afflicting Jewish and Christian visitors to the city, a messianic longing for epiphany often expressed through intolerant missions, for example, to destroy sites sacred to opposition faiths.
Like Lucas's fictional book, Damascus Gate studies religious moderates transformed into extreme fanatics in Jerusalem. Lucas's search for controversial materials and his interviews with assorted locals provide the justification for a convoluted journey that twists and turns throughout the city and is sidetracked to Tel Aviv, the Gaza Strip, the Jordan River, and Mount Hebron before returning through labyrinthine streets to the Temple Mount (at the Dome of the Rock) and a conspiracy to bomb the Muslim Al-aksa Mosque there as a step toward invoking the Second Coming and the conversion of the...
(The entire section is 913 words.)
Damascus Gate Summary (Masterpieces of American Fiction)
Damascus Gate, based on Robert Stone's own religious quest, is set in Jerusalem, perhaps the most religious of the world's cities. Extended research in the Yale University Divinity School library and seven prolonged visits to Jerusalem gave Stone the expertise in the Middle East that he needed to write the book. His participation in the early 1960's California drug culture acquainted him with addictive personalities, insights that served him well in developing such characters as Raziel Melcher and Adam DeKuff.
The fervor of various religious cults and the hotbed of diverse political sects in Israel in the early 1990's that Stone portrays may prove confusing for the average reader early in the book. Ostensibly, the novel is the saga of reporter Christopher Lucas, reared Catholic and Jewish but lately agnostic, who is in search not only of a news scoop in connection with his job but also of a personal faith with which he can live. He is collaborating on a book about the "Jerusalem Syndrome," a peculiarly modern psychological disorder incurred by outsiders of any religious persuasion who believe that they have been appointed by God to come to the Holy City to accomplish a divine purpose. Various cults, messiahs, and Marys thus populate Jerusalem, adding to the chaos and frenzy of the scene.
Chris Lucas is also searching for love. Although he thinks about a former lover from time to time and has an affair with a British journalist at the end of the book, he has long carried a torch for Nuala Rice, an Irish smuggler of drugs and weapons. Lucas and Nuala have several friendly encounters...
(The entire section is 665 words.)


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In this paper, Cooling systems with natural circulation loop of refrigerants are reviewed. The cooling system can largely reduce energy consumption of a cooling system for the telecommunication base site. The cooling system consists of two refrigeration units; vapor compression refrigeration unit and sub-cooling unit with a natural-circulation loop. The experiments and calculations were carried out to evaluate the cycle performance of natural circulation loop with HFCs and CO2. The experimental results showed that the cooling capacity of R410A is approximately 30% larger than that of R407C at the temperature difference of 20K and the cooling capacity of CO2 was approximately 4-13% larger than that of R410A under the two-phase condition. On the other hand, the cooling capacity of CO2 was approximately 11% smaller than that of R410A under the supercritical condition. The cooling capacity took a maximum value at an amount of refrigerant and lineally increased as the temperature difference increases and the slightly increased as the height difference. The air intake temperature profile in the inlet of the heat exchangers makes the reverse circulation under the supercritical state and the driving head difference for the reverse circulation depends on the density change to temperature under the supercritical state. Also, a new fan control method to convert the reverse circulation into the normal circulation was reviewed.
This paper proposes a snow storage system by using a renovated space for the purpose of efficient energy use and cost saving of the utilization of snow and it aims to clarify the effectiveness of this system. First, an outline of snow storage system by using a renovated space is presented, together with a description of a facility for a demonstration test. Second, as a result of long term measurements on snow storage characteristics, the percentage of the energy used for cooling at the end of the space cooling period was 59% of the initially stored snow. And as a result of heat balance analysis, though heat loss from the floor was relatively large due to locating of the underground space, we confirm that this system has possibility of high energy conservation. Finally, as a result of analysis through construction phase and operation phase on the cooling system, payback periods of primary energy were less than 10 years, and initial cost was 96% compared with a conventional system.
Diagnosis of compressor product's malfunctions based on the vibration wave pattern data of the compressor and the FFT analysis data is developed. The feature of the analysis technique is two points. One is "Evaluating the ratio of the FFT integral calculus value of low frequency area and the high frequency area of the vibration wave pattern for the feature of abnormalitys", and the other is "Separating and evaluating the wave pattern region at the time of the start and the steady part as correspondence to the phenomenon that an abnormal tendency appears in the non-steady early start region". The feature of each abnormality is extracted. A diagnosis algorithm that distinguished normality and abnormality is developed. Moreover, the cause is distinguished about abnormality. The verification examination of the scroll compressor is done in the production line. And the effectiveness of this diagnosis algorithm is validated for both the alternating-current motor type scroll compressor and the direct-current motor type scroll compressor.
Cryopreservation of fish eggs and embryos is a highly desired tool to promote aquaculture production and fisheries resource management, but it is still not technically feasible. The failure to develop successful cryopreservation protocols for fish embryos is largely attributed to poor cryoprotectant permeability. The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of CaCl2 to enhance cryoprotectant uptake by fish embryos. In this study, embryos (somites and tail elongation stages) of Japanese whiting Sillago japonica were exposed to 10 and 15% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in artificial sea water (ASW) or a solution of 0.125M CaCl2 in distilled water for 20 min at 24°C. The toxicity of all solutions was estimated from the hatching rates of the embryos and High Performance Liquid Chromatography was used to determine the amount of DMSO taken up during impregnation. The results showed that DMSO incorporation into the embryos was greatly (›50%) enhanced in the presence of CaCl2 compared to ASW. CaCl2 itself was not toxic to the embryos but, probably as a result of the enhanced DMSO uptake, caused decreases in survival of about 14-44% relative to ASW. Somites stage embryos were more tolerant than tail elongation ones to DMSO both as ASW and CaCl2 solutions. The use of CaCl2 as a vehicle for DMSO impregnation could be a promising aid for the successful cryopreservation of fish embryos.
Liquid-liquid direct contact heat transfer can be effectively utilized for the heat transfer between two immiscible liquids of small temperature difference. However, the water droplet in the oil is difficult to start freezing, because the droplet is easy to be supercooled. The charged water-droplet in oil with uniform electric field collides repeatedly with the electrode plate, because it reciprocates between the electrode plates. It is known that the collision is effective for freezing initiation of the supercooling water-droplet. The purpose of this study is to make clear the relation between the collision and the initiation of freezing. The behavior of the droplet is photographed by a high-speed video camera. For the convenience of photographing, transparent electrode plate is used as the lower electrode in the experiment. As a result, the contact behavior between the droplet and the electrode plate, change of contact area with time, position and timing of the freezing initiation, freezing progress in the droplet are clarified. The lower temperature of continuous-phase liquid and the higher electric field strength bring the position of freezing initiation close to the vicinity of three-phase boundary.
Partial dehydration by microwave-vacuum drying has been applied to tuna and strawberry in order to reduce cell-damages caused by the formation of large ice-crystals during freezing. The samples were subjected to microwave vacuum drying at pressure of 5 kPa and temperature less than 27°C to remove small amount of water prior to freezing. The tuna were cooled by using the freezing chamber at temperature -50°C or -150°C, while the strawberries were frozen at temperature -30°C or -80°C, respectively. The temperature transients in tuna showed that removing some water before freezing made the freezing time shorter. The observations of ice crystal clearly indicated that rapid cooling and pre-dehydration prior to freezing were effective in minimizing the size of ice crystal. It is also understood that the formation of large ice crystals has a close relation to the cell damages. After thawing, the observation of microstructure was done on the tuna and strawberry halves. The pre-dehydrated samples showed a better structure than the un-dehydrated one. It is concluded that the pre-dehydration by microwave-vacuum drying is one promising method for the cryo-preservation of foods.


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WSOP runs for seven weeks and for long hours each day. That is a lot of electricity consumption. Most of the electricity is still produced from fossil fuels, which cause extensive damage to the environment. In order to compensate for that damage Harrah's, the owners of the WSOP, have purchased carbon offsets from NativeEnergy.
NativeEnergy is associated with the production of environment friendly electricity from community owned renewable energy projects. The cost of electricity from such projects is higher than that produced from fossil fuels. Therefore the producers of this electricity are given certified carbon offsets, which they can sell to offset their higher costs. NativeEnergy buys these carbon offsets and sells them to organizations that are concerned about the environment.
Harrah's has not only has it bought carbon offsets itself, but also it is encouraging Main Event players to buy their own carbon offsets, to compensate for the adverse environmental impact of travel to and from Las Vegas and for the extended hotel stays while playing in WSOP.