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FACT SHEET #3
PROCEDURE FOR THE SAFE HANDLING AND USE AND MANAGEMENT OF SODIUM AZIDE
Sodium Azide, NaN3, mol wt 65.02, CAS Number 26628-22-8, is a colorless, odorless, crystalline solid (salt-like) or solution. It is soluble in water or liquid ammonia, slightly soluble in alcohols, and insoluble in ether. It is highly toxic and presents a severe explosion risk when shocked or heated. When heated from 275 to 330°C in dry air, the solid crystals decompose with the evolution of nitrogen gas, leaving a residue of sodium oxide. Sodium hydroxide then forms in moist air. Synonyms and Trade Names are Azide, Azium, and Sodium salt of hydrazoic acid.
Sodium azide is a common preservative of samples and stock solutions in laboratories and a useful reagent in synthetic work. It is not explosive except when heated near its decomposition temperature (300°C) or reacted with metals; heating sodium azide should be avoided. Sodium azide (solid or concentrated solution) should never be flushed down the drain since this practice can cause serious incidents when the azide reacts with lead or copper in the drain lines and explodes. Sodium azide has high acute toxicity as well as high toxicity to bacteria in water treatment plants.
Note that metal shelves and other metal items used to handle sodium azide (i.e., spatulas) can also result in the formation of heavy metal azides and thus should be avoided. Solutions of sodium azide do not pose the danger of shock-sensitivity associated with the solid form; however, the hydrazoic acid generated when the sodium azide is dissolved is extremely toxic. Therefore, the solution is should prepared inside a laboratory chemical hood. If not dissolved, solid sodium azide should be stored in a secured cabinet because of the shock hazardous.
Sodium azide is on the Hazardous Substance List because it is cited by ACGIH, DOT, NIOSH, HHAG, DEP, and EPA (see Laboratory Chemical Hygiene Plan section 5 for glossary of terms). This substance also is on the Special Health Hazard Substance List because it is a mutagen. Mutagens may have a cancer risk. All contact with this substance should be reduced to the lowest possible level.
Sodium azide and hydrazoic acid (HN3, which is formed from NaN3 in water) are known to produce hypotension (low blood pressure) in laboratory animals and humans, and to form strong complexes with hemoglobin, and consequently block oxygen transport in the blood.
Acute inhalation of HN3 vapor by humans results in lowered blood pressure, bronchitis, eye, nose, throat, and lung irritation, headache, weakness, and collapse. A skin designation has been assigned to the OSHA PEL due to the ability of NaN3 to readily penetrate intact skin, and any dermal exposure can significantly contribute to the overall exposure to sodium azide.
Target organs are eyes, skin, lungs, central nervous system, cardiovascular system and kidneys. Use appropriate ventilation (laboratory chemical hood) and personal protective equipment (such as gloves) to minimize potential exposure.
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
NIOSH: The recommended airborne exposure limit is 0.11 ppm as hydrazoic acid or 0.3 mg/m3 as sodium azide, which should not be exceeded at any time.
ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure limit is 0.11 ppm as hydrazoic acid or 0.29 mg/m3 as sodium azide (0.1 ppm Ceiling, Skin), which should not be exceeded at any time.
The above exposure limits are for air levels only. When skin contact also occurs, you may be overexposed, even though air levels are less than the limits listed above.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
DEACTIVATION OF SODIUM AZIDE
- Prior to working with sodium azide you should be trained on its proper handling and storage. Use appropriate personal protective equipment such as safety glasses, goggles, gloves, and laboratory coat when handling sodium azide.
- On contact with water, sodium azide forms hydrazoic acid which is toxic.
- Sodium azide reacts with heavy metals (such as silver, gold, lead, copper, brass, or solder in plumbing systems); and metal salts to form an accumulation of the highly explosive compounds such as lead azide and copper azide.
- Sodium azide is not compatible with chromyl chloride, hydrazine; bromine; carbon disulfide; dimethyl sulfate; and dibromomalonitrile; strong acids (such as hydrochloric, sulfuric and nitric); and acid chlorides.
- A danger of explosion exists from friction, heat or shock.
- Store in tightly closed containers in a secured, cool, and well-ventilated area away from water.
Sodium azide is among the P-listed hazardous wastes regulated by the US Environmental Protection Agency. As a discarded commercial chemical product, off specification species, container residues or spill clean up material, it must be managed as a hazardous waste. Dilute solutions (5% or less) managed as part of your experiment protocol can be destroyed by reaction with nitrous acid, which is freshly prepared. Massachusetts regulations do not allow sodium azide to be deactivated (treated) outside your experiment and away from the point of generation.
2NaNO2 + H2SO4 ® 2HNO2 + Na2SO4
2NaN3 + 2HNO2 ® 3N2 + 2NO + 2NaOH
The operation must be carried out in a chemical hood due to the formation of nitric oxide. An aqueous solution containing no more than 5% sodium azide is put into a three-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, a dropping funnel, and an outlet with plastic tubing to carry nitrogen oxides to the laboratory chemical hood flue. A 20% aqueous solution of sodium nitrite containing 1.5 g (about 40% excess) of sodium nitrite per gram of sodium azide is added with stirring. A 20% aqueous solution of sulfuric acid is then added gradually until the reaction mixture is acidic to pH paper.
This order of addition is essential. If the acid is added before the nitrite, poisonous volatile HN3 will be evolved.) When the evolution of nitrogen oxides is over, the acidic solution is tested with starch-iodide paper; if it turns blue, it means that excess nitrite is present and decomposition is complete. The reaction mixture can safely be washed down the drain. Note that the solution must be neutralized with dilute NaOH solution to pH 6-9 prior to discharge.
All personnel involved in deactivating sodium azide shall conduct inspections, maintenance or other activities to ensure that the process does not result in spills, leaks, or emissions into the environment prior to deactivation of the material.
Sink disposal of solutions of azide compounds that have not been deactivated should be avoided whenever possible. If some does get down the drain it is important copious amounts of water are flushed down to avoid accumulation of explosive deposits. Avoid contact with acids.
DETECTION AND DISPOSAL OF SODIUM AZIDE
The following colorimetric testing can be used to detect NaN3 in your used solution: A drop of the solution is placed in the depression of a spot plate and treated with 1 or 2 drops of dilute hydrochloric acid. A drop of ferric chloride solution is added and the spot plate gently heated. A red color indicates hydrazoic acid and thus the presence of sodium azide in the solution.
If your eye or skin is exposed to NaN3 or HN3, use the emergency eye wash to immediately flush with large amounts of water for 15 minutes and then seek medical attention. If you swallow or inhale NaN3, seek medical attention immediately. A medical emergency is needed with severe shortness of breath.
If you have questions about managing and / or disposing of sodium azide solutions, please contact Environmental Health and Safety at x2769.


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Turning on your computer isn't always easy. Some manufacturers hide the 'on' button – for instance, on top of the case or flat on the front where you can't see it. When you get your computer, don't be embarrassed to ask: 'Where's the "on" button?'
Follow these step-by-step instructions to help you turn on your computer
Step 1: Find the 'on' button. It probably looks like this (but might be square or oblong!):
Step 2: Push the button.
On some computers, the button lights up when the computer is on. On laptops, there's often a light on the front that comes on. You may have to keep pushing for a couple of seconds to make this happen, but don't worry – you'll soon get to know how your computer works.
If nothing happens, there are a few things you can check easily:
- If you're using a laptop, the battery might be flat. So plug in the charger, plug the charger into the mains and let the laptop recharge. You can continue to use it while it's doing this.
- If you have a PC, make sure that the plug or any of the other wires haven't become disconnected.
- Ensure that the monitor is turned on. Most PC monitors have an 'on/off' button on the bottom corner of the screen (see below). The button often lights up green when the monitor is on.
Step 3: Now you need to log in.
If you're the only user of your computer, once it's turned on it may go straight to the desktop:
If you're using a public computer – for example, in a library – you'll be given instructions (and help if you ask for it) on how to log in.
If you're sharing your computer with other people, each one will usually have their own account. When you turn on the computer, the screen will look something like this:
When you click the icon above your name, you'll be asked for a password. The main user or administrator should set this up for you before you begin. Type in your password and click the arrow.
Top tip: surge protectors
If you have a PC, it's a good idea to buy a 'surge protector'. This prevents your computer being damaged if there's a sudden problem with your electricity supply. You can buy surge protectors that let you plug all your separate pieces of equipment into them, in addition to your computer. Then when you turn your computer on or off, this automatically turns them on or off, too.
Stephen Baird-Parker is a qualified ICT teacher.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Roman bronze stylus filigree I
(Unit Price: 18,90 ¤ per pcs.)
Roman bronze stylus
The stylus 'Stilus' is a massive, cool writing tool from polished bronze. This is an antique writing utensil for writing on wax tablets, crafted in very noble fashion, made by applying the lost wax technique. The pointed end serves for writing letters or numbers. The flattened end is an eraser tool to smooth out the carved writing.
This bronze stylus is made very complex, using the traditional technology of the 'lost mould'. An individual wax model is here provided for each stylus, embedded in a mould of gypsum. The mould is heated, so that during casting the now liquid wax can run out. The metal is heated and cast into the hollow cavity of the gypsum mould. Then the mould is smashed and the unfinished casting is cleaned. Finally, the moulding blank is ground and polished glossy!
The stylus was used as a writing tool till the 1960s to inscribe slate and wax tablets. The shape of the stylus was most of the time round or angular, it was made of iron, bronze, bone or sometimes of silver. The point of the stylus pressed into the wax to write. The other end, shaped like a scoop, helped to correct errors. By smoothing out the wax surface, the tablets could be reused for writing. Some Roman styluses look like busts of the goddess, Minerva, because in the Roman age she was considered the guardian goddess of teachers and writers.
What an unusual 'notepad' and a noble writing tool!
- stylus length 4 inch (10cm)

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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On June 23rd, Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. publicly launched on its website a library of dynamic chip inductor models.
In recent years, the use of circuit simulation has become widespread in the design of electronic devices. Manufacturers of electronic components support this trend by providing simulation models of their products. Most of these product models are what are called "static" models. They cannot reproduce dynamic phenomena such as changes in component characteristics due to fluctuations in the current value flowing through the component. Specifically, there is a significant divergence between the simulated values and the actual values when designing circuits where inductance DC superposition characteristics are a factor. Because of this, dynamic models that are capable of reducing the divergence between simulated and actual values are strongly preferred.
This library contains dynamic models that take into account the phenomenon wherein the inductance changes with the current flowing through a chip inductor. These models enable simulations that appropriately reflect the characteristics of circuits in which the current changes over time.
[Series product numbers included in the library]
- LQM series, 83 product numbers
[Download URL of supported simulator]
(Both inductor and MLCC products are included in a single library.)
This refers to a set of data reflecting the characteristics of the components necessary for circuit simulation. The characteristics of each product number differ, so Murata prepares a separate component model for each product number.
DC superimposition characteristics of inductors
When a large current flows through an inductor with a core made of a strongly magnetic material (such as ferrite), the permeability of the strongly magnetic material drops as it approaches magnetic saturation. Due to this phenomenon, inductors using cores made of strongly magnetic materials such as ferrite are subject to variations in inductance when the size of the current flow changes. This is referred to as the DC superimposition characteristics of the inductor.
Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. is a worldwide leader in the design, manufacture and sale of ceramic-based passive electronic components & solutions, communication modules and power supply modules. Murata is committed to the development of advanced electronic materials and leading edge, multi-functional, high-density modules. The company has employees and manufacturing facilities throughout the world. For more information, visit Murata's website at _URL_


This is an excerpt from an upcoming article on In it I cover the 3 main physical differences between road riding and mountain biking and why these difference mean we need a very different approach to training…
Here are three things that must be considered with a mountain bike training program:
1) Slower RPMs require more muscular strength:
One of the foundations of the famous Carmichael Training System is that higher RPMs require less muscular strength and more aerobic capacity to keep going. That is why 90-110 RPMs is goal for a lot of road riders – spinning that fast produces the most power in the most energy efficient manner possible. What this means for the mountain biker, however, is completely different.
While you can keep a good, consistent spin on the road it is impossible to do on the trail. Rocks, roots and loose dirt all conspire to steal your momentum and traction and you can not just "spin" your way through them. You have to stop pedaling in certain areas, slow down in other and accelerate in yet others.
This means that, on average, a mountain biker uses a lower RPM than a road cyclist would over the same distance. The lower RPMs require more muscular strength to produce and more anaerobic strength endurance to maintain. For this reason strength training and intervals will have a more direct impact on a mountain biker's performance than a road cyclist.
2) Standing pedaling requires more core strength:
One of the reasons that mountain bikers use a slower RPM is because they are forced to stand a lot more than a road cyclist. Standing up to navigate a technical trail section or to sprint up a short, loose climb are common occurrences for the mountain biker. Because they spend more time standing, they need to gain more core strength and hip drive to be efficient in that position.
When you are sitting down the seat and seatpost help support your weight and provide a point of stability for you to drive against. When you stand up you lose those things and your core is asked to make up for it. Most riders lack the core strength to hold themselves up and provide a platform for the legs which is why they always feel "slow" on the trail when they have to stand up and lay down the horsepower.
The other thing to consider is that standing pedaling is more hip dominant than seated pedaling is. In the standing position your hips are driving straight down, making this movement more of a sprint than a jog. Because it is powered differently than seated pedaling you have to emphasize that in the mountain bikers training program.
3) Hip mobility and control is the key to technical skills:
The thing that really separates mountain biking from road riding is the technical skill required on the trail. Many a super fit roadie has been smoked on the trail by a less fit but more skilled mountain biker. More than just helping you go fast, good technical skills also keep it rubber side down, a.k.a. keep you from crashing.
The fluidity, balance and control needed to flow through technical single track require a lot of hip mobility and control. This all starts with the "attack position" where the rider is standing up with their hips back and chest down. This is the base position and from here they are balanced and neutral on the bike, setting them up for everything else.
However, most riders are locked up in the hips and lack the foundational core strength and hip mobility to get into that position. This means that instead of sliding their hips back and getting their chest down, they drop their hips down and keep their chest upright. They are essentially off balance and spend most of their time riding defensively instead of being able to let it flow.
-James WilsonLeave a Reply


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ALEKS Math Placement Test
What is ALEKS Math Assessment?
ALEKS is a powerful artificial intelligence (AI)-based assessment software product the zeros in on the student's mathematical strengths and weaknesses, reports its findings, and then if necessary provides a learning module to improve the student's knowledge and skill. ALEKS will ask between 25 and 35 questions, none of which are multiple choice. Before beginning the assessment, students will complete an online tutorial so they know how to enter answers in ALEKS. The tutorial and placement may take up to 90 minutes to complete.
If students take the test remotely, they are expected to take the ALEKS placement assessment without assistance from another person or resource. Results from ALEKS will lead to placement in a mathematics course. If students complete the assessment using assistance, there is a strong chance that they will perform poorly in their mathematics course and have to pay tuition fees to retake it.


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Support networks are a crucial part of resilience, and may even perhaps be the most important factor. It's not hard to find evidence of the health impacts of isolation or the protective effects of having supportive community. Those with strong support networks are less likely to develop PTSD and among those who still do, good support is likely to significantly reduce symptom severity.
In order to have a healthy support network, you need to be able to recognize what healthy relationships look like. If you can't recognize when a relationship is becoming unhealthy, you can't take steps to keep yourself safe.
Discernment is the skill of perceiving, understanding, and exercising good judgment. A person with "discerning tastes" is someone who has strong preferences about aesthetic quality, like a gourmand. The psychological use of the term is much broader—it is more related to perception and decision-making in general.


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Apache HBase Write Path
Apache HBase is the Hadoop database, and is based on the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS). HBase makes it possible to randomly access and update data stored in HDFS, but files in HDFS can only be appended to and are immutable after they are created. So you may ask, how does HBase provide low-latency reads and writes? In this blog post, we explain this by describing the write path of HBase — how data is updated in HBase.
The write path is how an HBase completes put or delete operations. This path begins at a client, moves to a region server, and ends when data eventually is written to an HBase data file called an HFile. Included in the design of the write path are features that HBase uses to prevent data loss in the event of a region server failure. Therefore understanding the write path can provide insight into HBase's native data loss prevention mechanism.
Each HBase table is hosted and managed by sets of servers which fall into three categories:
- One active master server
- One or more backup master servers
- Many region servers
Region servers contribute to handling the HBase tables. Because HBase tables can be large, they are broken up into partitions called regions. Each region server handles one or more of these regions. Note that because region servers are the only servers that serve HBase table data, a master server crash cannot cause data loss.
HBase data is organized similarly to a sorted map, with the sorted key space partitioned into different shards or regions. An HBase client updates a table by invoking put or delete commands. When a client requests a change, that request is routed to a region server right away by default. However, programmatically, a client can cache the changes in the client side, and flush these changes to region servers in a batch, by turning the autoflush off. If autoflush is turned off, the changes are cached until flush-commits is invoked, or the buffer is full depending on the buffer size set programmatically or configured with parameter "hbase.client.write.buffer".
Since the row key is sorted, it is easy to determine which region server manages which key. A change request is for a specific row. Each row key belongs to a specific region which is served by a region server. So based on the put or delete's key, an HBase client can locate a proper region server. At first, it locates the address of the region server hosting the -ROOTregion from the ZooKeeper quorum. From the root region server, the client finds out the location of the region server hosting the -METAregion. From the meta region server, then we finally locate the actual region server which serves the requested region. This is a three-step process, so the region location is cached to avoid this expensive series of operations. If the cached location is invalid (for example, we get some unknown region exception), it's time to re-locate the region and update the cache.
After the request is received by the right region server, the change cannot be written to a HFile immediately because the data in a HFile must be sorted by the row key. This allows searching for random rows efficiently when reading the data. Data cannot be randomly inserted into the HFile. Instead, the change must be written to a new file. If each update were written to a file, many small files would be created. Such a solution would not be scalable nor efficient to merge or read at a later time. Therefore, changes are not immediately written to a new HFile.
Instead, each change is stored in a place in memory called the memstore, which cheaply and efficiently supports random writes. Data in the memstore is sorted in the same manner as data in a HFile. When the memstore accumulates enough data, the entire sorted set is written to a new HFile in HDFS. Completing one large write task is efficient and takes advantage to HDFS' strengths.
Although writing data to the memstore is efficient, it also introduces an element of risk: Information stored in memstore is stored in volatile memory, so if the system fails, all memstore information is lost. To help mitigate this risk, HBase saves updates in a write-ahead-log (WAL) before writing the information to memstore. In this way, if a region server fails, information that was stored in that server's memstore can be recovered from its WAL.
Note: By default, WAL is enabled, but the process of writing the WAL file to disk does consume some resources. WAL may be disabled, but this should only be done if the risk of data loss is not a concern. If you choose to disable WAL, consider implementing your own disaster recovery solution or be prepared for the possibility of data loss.
The data in a WAL file is organized differently from HFile. WAL files contain a list of edits, with one edit representing a single put or delete. The edit includes information about the change and the region to which the change applies. Edits are written chronologically, so, for persistence, additions are appended to the end of the WAL file that is stored on disk. Because WAL files are ordered chronologically, there is never a need to write to a random place within the file.
As WALs grow, they are eventually closed and a new, active WAL file is created to accept additional edits. This is called "rolling" the WAL file. Once a WAL file is rolled, no additional changes are made to the old file.
By default, WAL file is rolled when its size is about 95% of the HDFS block size. You can configure the multiplier using parameter: "hbase.regionserver.logroll.multiplier", and the block size using parameter: "hbase.regionserver.hlog.blocksize". WAL file is also rolled periodically based on configured interval "hbase.regionserver.logroll.period", an hour by default, even the WAL file size is smaller than the configured limit.
Constraining WAL file size facilitates efficient file replay if a recovery is required. This is especially important during replay of a region's WAL file because while a file is being replayed, the corresponding region is not available. The intent is to eventually write all changes from each WAL file to disk and persist that content in an HFile. After this is done, the WAL file can be archived and it is eventually deleted by the LogCleaner daemon thread. Note that WAL files serve as a protective measure. WAL files need only be replayed to recover updates that would otherwise be lost after a region server crash.
A region server serves many regions, but does not have a WAL file for each region. Instead, one active WAL file is shared among all regions served by the region server. Because WAL files are rolled periodically, one region server may have many WAL files. Note that there is only one active WAL per region server at a given time.
Assuming the default HBase root of "/hbase", all the WAL files for a region server instance are stored under the same root folder, which is as follows:
WAL log files are named as follows:
/hbase/.logs/, ,/%2C %2C.
Each edit in the WAL file has a unique sequence id. This id increases to preserve the order of edits. Whenever a log file is rolled, the next sequence id and the old file name are put in an in-memory map. This information is used to track the maximum sequence id of each WAL file so that we can easily figure out if a file can be archived at a later time when some memstore is flushed to disk.
Edits and their sequence ids are unique within a region. Any time an edit is added to the WAL log, the edit's sequence id is also recorded as the last sequence id written. When the memstore is flushed to disk, the last sequence id written for this region is cleared. If the last sequence id written to disk is the same as the maximum sequence id of a WAL file, it can be concluded that all edits in a WAL file for this region have been written to disk. If all edits for all regions in a WAL file have been written to disk, it is clear that no splitting or replaying will be required, and the WAL file can be archived.
WAL file rolling and memstore flush are two separate actions, and don't have to happen together. However, we don't want to keep too many WAL files per region server so as to avoid time-consuming recovery in case a region server failure. Therefore, when a WAL file is rolled, HBase checks if there are too many WAL files, and decide what regions should be flushed so that some WAL files can be archived.
In this post, we explain the HBase write path, which is how data in HBase is created and/or updated. Some important parts of it are:
- How a client locates a region server,
- Memstore which supports fast random writes,
- WAL files as the way to avoid data loss in case region server failures.
We will talk about HFile formats, WAL file splitting and so on in subsequent posts.


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Immersify is a virtual reality platform consisting of hardware and software whose primary goal is to provide a level of immersion for a user that current platforms do not provide. This is accomplished through the use of accelerometers, an HMD, and an API to allow for simple interfacing.
Some applications of Immersify include the following:
- Compatability with any game that uses a keyboard and mouse for input
- Simulations based on user movement
- Virtual reality games
Further details can be found here.
Watch the Immersify video below to see Immersify in action!


_USER_{jbp:/content/journals/10.1075/ijcl.6.1.02tri, author = "Romero-Trillo, Jesús and García, Ana Llinares", title = "Communicative Constraints in EFL Pre-School Settings: A Corpus-Driven Approach", journal= "International Journal of Corpus Linguistics", year = "2001", volume = "6", number = "1", pages = "27-46", doi = "_URL_ url = "_URL_ publisher = "John Benjamins", issn = "_PHONE_", type = "Journal Article", keywords = "classroom discourse", keywords = "learner corpora", keywords = "second language development", abstract = "The present article investigates the use of interrogatives made by teachers and the responses given by learners in two different (bilingual and non-bilingual) English language classroom contexts in two Spanish nursery schools.The analysis shows the relevance of the type of functions made by the teachers through interrogatives, rather than the quantity of input in the target language. The study classifies the functions of interrogatives in the pre-school context and makes a statistical corpus-driven analysis of the questions and responses in the two schools. Finally, the article makes some suggestions, based on the data, about the kind of questions than can lead to a more natural L2 development in the classroom context.", }


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Tree Removal Regulations Waverley Council
You may be required to apply for a tree permit, or in some cases submit a development application. This will be necessary if your tree is:
- Five meters or more high with a trunk width of at least 300mm at ground level
- A canopy spread of at least five meters and trunk width of at least 300mm near the ground
- Found on the Significant Tree Register of the Waverley Council
- Is listed as a Heritage Item or forms part of such an item
Submitting the Correct Application
Knowing which form to submit is important and will save you time. For most trees in Waverley, an application is required for a tree permit.
If your tree is located in an area of Heritage Conservation, listed as significant on the Tree Register or considered as a heritage item, you'll need to complete a development application when requesting major pruning works. The same is true for removal that will impact the heritage status of the tree, heritage conservation area or heritage item itself.
Even if your tree falls into the development application category, you can still submit a tree permit application. A tree management officer from the Council will assess your request and determine if a development application is needed.
How Trees Are Inspected and Assessed
Tree inspections are performed by a highly qualified Council arborist who will provide a Visual Tree Assessment (VTA) to determine the tree's health, structure and current condition. Other criteria include:
- How pruning will affect the health of the tree
- The tree's amenity, cultural and environmental value
- Whether it is located within three meters from a residence, main building or significant structure
- Whether the form or shape of the tree is good or poor
- Whether the tree has caused damage to a building, ancillary structure, water main or sewer, and whether alternatives to remedy the damage have been explored
- Whether other vegetation has been planted nearby and if appropriate species can be planted to replace the tree
After the initial inspection and assessment are carried out, the information they reveal will be submitted as part of the tree permit application. All photographed or documented history pertaining to the tree should be submitted and will help provide a clearer, more concise assessment.


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The Art Of Conversation:
Introduction To Conversation
Principles Of Conversation
If You Can Talk Well
Culture By Conversation
Rules For Conversation
Reflections On Conversation
Happiness Through Conversation
Conversation And Courtesy
( Originally Published 1913 )
Several epochs in modern history have been productive of brilliant conversationalists. In Shakespeare's time, for example, we know that congenial spirits found greatest pleasure in conversing and it may be taken for granted that a keen wit and ready response characterized the sparkling flow of language.
Dr. Johnson and his coterie of friends passed many delightful hours in interchange of ideas at the coffee houses; if it be said that it happened frequently that Johnson talked and the rest listened, it must be remembered that good conversation presupposes sympathetic listeners as well as clever talkers. Johnson's expression for having spent a pleasant evening invariably was: "We had a good talk." To a friend who would lead him away to inviting country scenes, this lover of men had an answer ready: "When you have seen one lane, you've seen all lanes. I like men. Come, let us walk down Piccadilly." This profound interest in humanity doubtless accounts for the delight he found in mingling with them and extracting their differences and similarities of thought.
During the empire in France, the salons were filled with men and women who talked well. Madame de Stael, although never looked upon favorably by Napoleon, was always the center of brilliant conversation.
It is frequently said that this art is passing away. One who scans the prevalent articles written to advise debutantes upon entrance into society would think it might. Their bur den is: "Talk, talk, talk-no matter whether you say anything or not." The cynic might well observe that one generation of adherence to such counsel would bring to all conversational efforts a well deserved end. But not so; the old maxim about not being able to mislead all the people all of the time prevails; there are those remaining who have matters to talk about and who can talk of them acceptably on any occasion. However, it must be admitted that the profusion of light literature and circulating journals have removed the necessity of finding easiest diversion in discussions and in chat.
Selfishness lies at the bottom of present day disinclination to enter often into converse with others; intent upon personal concerns, each has less desire to make himself agreeable than was the case before life became so strenuous and competitive. Unless men can talk with some hope of gain, for the promotion of business interests or personal advantage, they evince less eagerness to carry on prolonged conversations than did the men of Johnson's generation.
The present ebb in the conversational tide has drawn out much timely criticism which has its attraction for the opening years of the new century.


Blaneys on COVID-19
Stay Informed
March 31, 2020 DOWNLOAD PDF
Wills and Powers of Attorney in a Social Distancing Environment
Concern over COVID-19 and its potential impact has given many people concern over whether they "have their affairs in order." Lawyers and financial advisors are getting inquiries about how to deal with wills and powers of attorney, often from those who are the most vulnerable or their loved ones. In an era of imposed social distancing, and total shut down of access by visitors to hospitals and care facilities, there are many challenges if it is considered urgent that a new will or power of attorney is to be signed.
Ontario law has strict rules regarding the proper signing of Wills and powers of attorney. Both types of documents must be signed in the physical presence of two witnesses with all persons seeing each other sign. Also, there are restrictions on who can witness Wills and powers of attorney.
You need to be at least 18 to make a Will and have the required legal capacity. No one can provide Will instructions on your behalf. Wills cannot be witnessed by the following persons: any beneficiary or spouse/partner of a beneficiary; any person who is under the age of 18. The estate trustee can be a witness, but it is not recommended.
You need to be at least 18 to make a power of attorney for property and 16 to make a power of attorney for care, and have the required legal capacity in both cases. No one can provide instructions on your behalf.
Powers of attorney cannot be witnessed by the following persons: the grantor; children of the grantor or persons the grantor has treated as his/her child; persons appointed as attorney or their spouse/partner; persons whose property is under guardianship or who have a guardian of the person; any person who is under 18 years of age.
In all of these scenarios, physical presence is required and video conferencing, remote document signing and other methods available for distance execution of contracts are not available. To create a valid will or power of attorney, even in times of social distancing, physical presence is needed.
There are ways to achieve a validly executed will or power of attorney, with witnesses present but separated by glass windows or doors, extra measures used to sanitize pens and desks and telephone and/or video phone connections to make sure that the necessary steps are followed, but these need to be considered in each individual case. The take away needs to be "use caution" and "get professional advice."
Note: The information provided is based on Ontario law, and the laws of Canada applicable therein. However, it does not constitute legal advice or create a solicitor-client relationship. Readers are encouraged to consult a member of Blaneys' Wills and Estates practice group for advice specific to their circumstances. We are available by telephone and electronically during the COVID-19 crisis.


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This is an old revision of KingsburyHighSchool from 2007-10-12 11:41:13.
The Kingsbury High School Archaeology Project
In February 2004 two members of staff from Kingsbury High School, London Borough of Brent, contacted UCLâ€™s Institute of Archaeology (IoA) in order to propose a joint archaeology project. Michael Long and Stephen Ramsay, respectively assistant head teacher and history teacher at Kingsbury High School (KHS) had already identified their site in the back garden of a school-owned caretakerâ€™s house. They asked, â€œwould it be at all possible for students from your department to lead this project and to teach our 6th formers some of the basics of archaeology?â€
The resulting project â€" the Kingsbury High School Archaeology Project (KHSAP) â€" has now run for three seasons in 2004, 2005 and 2006. The project is directed by Andy Agate from the IoA and is jointly funded by UCL and KHS. The aim is to put the pupils in the trench and allow them to be at the point of discovery. It has expanded from its 6th form remit to include pupils from all years. For three weeks each July pupils have had the opportunity to take part in the excavation of the back garden of a Tudor cottage (the building was demolished c. 1950). Supervised by students from the IoA the pupils have taken part in a full range of archaeological activities; excavating, planning and surveying. The finds from the site cover a wide range of artefacts including pottery (covering the period 1100 to yesterday) as well as clay pipes, pet burials and brick drains.
In addition to introducing the otherwise â€˜invisibleâ€™ subject of archaeology into the school the project aims to be an applied example of how different curriculum subjects dovetail into one another. This aspect is especially important to the school where the project is able to promote cross-curricular links, amplifying its use as an educational resource. Within archaeology the project is relevant not only for introducing pupils to the discipline but also within the current topic of diversity â€" that is the inclusion of Black and minority ethnic communities. However, at its core it is more than a worthy educational project â€" itâ€™s a bunch of kids learning about a past which is directly relevant to them in a way which is great fun!
For more information, please visit _URL_
Listen to the radio interview [[_URL_
The Significance of St Andrews Old Church∞
| CBA, St Mary's House, 66 Bootham, York YO30 7BZ.
tel: +(44) (0)1904 671417 | fax: +(44) (0)1904 671384 | email:


- Rajan Doering
Recent shift in Hungary COVID demographics
It has been reported that the age demographic most likely to be affected by the virus is trending upwards over the past two weeks. People ages 40-49 now represent almost 20% of the infected population, which is slightly greater than people aged 20-29. Similar increases have been seen for those 65 years of age and older. The current average age of infected individuals is 44.4 years. Children only make up 4.6% of the infected population. There will be extensive cleaning in the schools during the upcoming break, and the army will be assisting in cleaning places that have had an especially high number of infections.
Link: _URL_


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It is not a good idea to produce peanuts on the same land for three to five years in a row in the Florida Panhandle. This practice can create a serious long term problem because pest pressure will build up and reduce peanut yields.
All crops, but especially legumes, benefit from rotation. This is a problem that cannot be solved by adding more pesticides. It is also a problem for long term management because once pests build up they do not go away for a long time.
One example is peanut white mold (Sclerotium rolfsii) which has a survival structure (sclerotia) that can live for several years in the soil.
At NFREC-Quincy we have intentionally planted continuous peanuts for four years to establish high levels of disease for fungicide research trials. These trials are on the same soil (Dothan sandy loam) as our crop rotation studies, where we grow peanuts every four years after a year of cotton and two years of Bahia grass (our "sod based rotation"). This is compared in the same field to a conventional rotation of two years of cotton and one year of peanuts produced, under conservation tillage, with and without irrigation.
Over the years, the benefits of rotation and pesticides are obvious in the trials. In 2014, the continuous (four years) of irrigated peanuts without fungicides yielded 1,600 lbs. per acre. With a standard fungicide program it was 3,800 lbs. per acre. When a nematicide (Velum from Bayer CropScience) was added to the fungicide program yield increased to 4,900 lbs. per acre. However, in the nearby rotation plots, which all received a conventional fungicide program, the irrigated plots had a yield of 8,000 lbs. per acre. The non-irrigated sod based rotation had a yield of 7,000 lb. per acre, the same as irrigated peanuts in the conventional cotton-cotton-peanut rotation. In the non-irrigated conventional rotation, yield was 6,500 lbs. per acre.
The take home lesson is that crop rotations work, sod rotations work better and continuous peanuts can set you up for declining yields. For example the white mold pathogen previously mentioned not only survives in the soil for several years, it has a very large host range of over 500 species. Once soil becomes contaminated with pathogens, many of them can be very hard to manage on future crops. The increase in costs of pesticides, reduction in yields and reduction of soil health all make continuous peanut production more challenging in the long run, regardless of the perceived short-term benefits. In a year such as 2015, when crop market forecasts are down, high yields from good crop rotation, as noted above, may be the only way to return a profit.


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Have you already been in a situation in which you, while working on a document, didn't know exactly how to organize a certain sentence, or, that you doubted the order of some words in a certain expression? Even if the sentence or expression is syntactically and grammatically correct, it might make no sense in the language you're using. You might just have put some words in an order that your spelling and grammar control doesn't complain about but that nobody will ever use in that way.
WCheck is a tool that helps you where your spelling and grammar control fails. As far as I can see, the tool can be used for any language.
How does it work
In case you doubt a certain expression, you offer WCheck the two expressions you think make the most sense, after which WCheck will give you an indication about which expression has the highest probability to be correct. This probability is based upon the number of hits WCheck finds on the World Wide Web.
For instance, in the previous picture you see two expressions: the hand that gives and the hand which gives. WCheck found out that the first expression has 29.200 hits on the WWW while the second only has 141 hits. An important difference that might make you decide that the first expression is probably correct. If you're still not convinced you can click the blue underlined number after which WCheck will start you're default browser and show you the results of its search on the WWW.
Of course, the more data WCheck can search, the better the prediction will be. This means, for instance, that in case you have WCheck searching for English expressions, the results will be more reliable than in case you enter a Swahili expression. The reason is simple: on the Web there is much more information available in English than it is the case for the Swahili language.
However, never forget that this is not the golden bullet tool. All statements about correctness depend on accidental numbers and are therefore not necessarily true.
WCheck can choose between two methods to find the number of hits: via the Google API or via a simple Google search request. In case you push the Control key the text of the Reset button will change to 'Setting'. When you then click the button the Preferences dialog pops up.
As you can see in the picture above, the Search string resembles the URL that is generated when you execute a Google search in your browser. The Search string contains a place holder that is filled with the phrase or word you want to check. If you want to, e.g. in case you're using another search engine, you can enter a new search string. Beware not to forget adding the place holder.
The Proxy field is currently disabled. Maybe something for a next release.
In case you want to use the Google API you first have to obtain a license key from the Google site (see this link). Also, notice that the number of hits the Google API and the Google Search string return for a certain search argument, differ. Although it's not quite clear to me why this is, I don't care since for a particular search argument not the absolute number of hits is important but the difference between the hits.
At the bottom of the dialog you can optionally check the 'Always on top' checkbox. This will make the tool float on top of all other windows.
Using the code
This is not a rocket science application. I will therefore not discuss the whole application but merely highlight some interesting aspects that learned me something new. These new things are:
- How to make Preferences persistent
- Parsing the result returned by a Google search
- Determine a window's position on the desktop
- Using a Web Service (Google)
How to make Preferences persistent
In the past, I already used several methods to make user preferences persistent. INI files, Registry entries and MS Application Building blocks were the most popular. About a year ago I ran into this CodeProject article from Chad Z. Hower titled 'Application settings the.Net way. INI, Registry, or XML". It describes how you can use XML to save your settings. It's really easy! Just add a new
DataSet to your application, update the
DataSet with the preference fields you need and compile. Don't forget to specify
MSDataSetGenerator as the transformation tool for your
DataSet definition. Visual Studio will use this tool to make a set of classes out of the
DataSet that you can use to manage your preferences.
In the WCheck application, I use three classes:
frmPreferences class is a simple
Form class defining the Preference Dialog. The
PreferenceData class represents the preference data as seen by the application and contains methods such as
Config is the class generated based upon the Config.xsd
DataSet. In fact, the
Config class represents the Preference Data on disk.
Parsing the result returned by a Google search
Looking at the result returned by a Google Search you see the number of hits somewhere at the top of the page. Inside the source of this HTML page the number of hits can be found by searching for the '&swrnum' phrase: the number is located right of it. Therefore, to get the number into my WCheck window, the HTML code is parsed using Regular Expressions. Here is how it goes:
ulong numberOfHits = 0;
string returnedValue = readStream.ReadToEnd();
Regex r = new Regex("&swrnum");
Match m = r.Match(returnedValue);
int i = m.Index + 1;
while(returnedValue[i++]!= '=');
int start = i;
while(returnedValue[i++]!= '>');
string numberStr = returnedValue.Substring(start,i-start-1);
numberOfHits = Convert.ToUInt64(numberStr);
Determine a window's position on the desktop
I wanted the application to remember its last position on the screen. The
getFormRect method is implemented in such a way that the WCheck Form will always be completely visible on the primary screen. Whenever a part of the main form falls outside the working area, the default location is used.
private Rectangle getFormRect ()
Rectangle newFormRect = this.DesktopBounds;
newFormRect.X = m_Preferences.MainFrameX;
newFormRect.Y = m_Preferences.MainFrameY;
System.Drawing.Rectangle workingRectangle =
if( ((newFormRect.X < 0) || (newFormRect.Y < 0)) ||
(((newFormRect.X + newFormRect.Width) > workingRectangle.Width) ||
((newFormRect.Y + newFormRect.Height) > workingRectangle.Height)
newFormRect.X = 1;
newFormRect.Y = workingRectangle.Height - newFormRect.Height - 1;
Using a Web Service
To use the Google Web Service you have to add a Web Reference to your project. The URL of the Web Service is available here. Once the reference is in the project you can take a deeper look using the Object Browser.
Take a look at this site to find out that the Google API still carries at least one problem.
Sometimes the WCheck
returns an error upon hitting the Check button. The problem disappears once I start Explorer. I don't know why this happens, but frankly I didn't pay that much attention to it yet.
Points of Interest
The things I found interesting while doing this little application are:
- Using the Google API
- Learning some.Net details
You know the Babylon
tool? It's one of my very favorite tools on PC. What I would like to see is the tool being extended with the WCheck
feature. Hey guys this is a tip. ;-)
- 28 October 2006 - Version 184.108.40.206, initial release.


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"The collection of 3,421 items was donated in 1969 by New York rare book dealer Hans P. Kraus. It consists primarily of texts of Italian opera, but also includes Italian cantatas, serenatas, oratorios, dialogues and Passions. Dating from the seventeenth through the twentieth century, the collection documents musical performances by Italian, French, German and Austrian composers given mostly in Italian cities, but also in Vienna and elsewhere.
The earliest item in the collection is the libretto by Ottavio Rinuccini for "La Dafne," performed in 1598, published in Florence in 1600, and generally considered to be the first opera. Also included is the first edition of Rinuccini's "L'Euridice," produced in Florence in 1600 for the marriage of Henry IV of France and Maria de' Medici, and the earliest opera for which the music survives.
Noted librettists represented in the collection in addition to Rinuccini are Apostolo Zeno, Pietro Metastasio, and Arrigo Boito. Composers include Giuseppe Verdi, Domenico Cimarosa, Giovanni Paisiello, Gaetano Donizetti, and Gioacchino Rossini."
Visit website for more information. (ed.)
Tags: opera, libretti, libretto
Added on: Jan 18, 2010 | Hits: 367


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Once again on the shock impact topic. In her new nice manuscript in Scientific Reports Mara Murri presents some of the recent considerations about structural disorder in the form of complex combinations of cubic and hexagonal stacking motifs commonly occurring on impact diamonds which structural characterization remains an extremely challenging task.
In this study impact diamonds from the Popigai crater have been characterized with a range of techniques. With MCDIFFaX on the X-ray diffraction data, we found hexagonality indices up to 40%. Furthermore, electron microscopy revealed nanoscale twinning within the cubic diamond structure. These results lead us to propose a systematic protocol for assigning specifc hexagonality attributes to the mineral under investigation


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The Cypress Tree
Jones Jonathan
An old man sat beneath a cypress tree
His back against its lifeless, brittle wood.
He sighed among the wheat; his tree was frail.
Its flaccid branches hung, like feeble arms.
There was a time, the old man closed his eyes,
My cypress tree stood tall; his roots grew deep.
His trunk was hard and strong when I was young;
His branches reached up, pierced the restive moon.
In summer finches sheltered in his limbs
And meadowlarks amidst his verdant leaves.
The roiling clouds all fled by cypress tree
The wheat shafts, awestruck, bowed their golden heads.
It's been a long, long time, the old man sighed,
Since any bird has known my cypress tree.
He looked up through the vacant, withered limbs,
And slowly, sadly stood and walked away.


Work calendar
The fields "Time in status", "Timer" and "Stopwatch", as well as JQL functions are able to count the time according to working calendars. Calendars take into account working hours and user time zone. That allows you to coordinate the time between users from different regions.
For example, the timers and stopwatches will display the dates of the continuation of work, taking into account the user's working calendar and timezone.
 1. Open application "Stopwatch field":
 - Open from "Manage your app":
 - Or from "Apps" menu::
 2. Open "Calendars" and click "Create":
 3. Enter the data in the calendar settings fields.
 1. You can specify an arbitrary time. Set in time field "21:35" (example). Click on time field and start typing "time" as "7:00" or "19:30".
 2. then click "Create"
 4. Time zones - Calendar time calculations occur in the specified time zone. However, displays take into account the user's time zone.
 5. If the data are not correct, an error will appear when saving.
 6. Adding Breaks. To add breaks during working hours, do the following.
 1. Create a break at "Add break time intervals". Set start and end times and click "Add".
 2. When there are breaks in the calendar for selection, then the working day has a field for selecting breaks.
 3. Then you can set default calendar breaks. The default break time can be selected in the working day.
 4. Set up work breaks for work days. Choose a default break or set one or more time intervals. Intervals must not overlap.
 7. Start date time - All calculations will be carried out from this date. The time before this date is considered non-working. For example: project start date.
Feature Difference (Server/Data Center and Cloud)
Timer - How to create field?
JiBrok message field Message field
JiBrok time in status Time in status | SLA | Timer | Stopwatch
Work calendars
Time in status
Timers and Stopwatches
Additional functions
Issue panels
Field Helpers
Other fields
Reference information
JiBrok time in status Time in status (Cloud)
Work calendars
Time in status fields
Issue panels
Service tools
Reference information
JiBrok Calculated fields Calculated fields (JBCF)
JiBrok Calculated fields Calculated fields (JBCF) for Cloud
JBCF fields
Service tools
JiBrok Timer Timer for Cloud
Work calendars
Timer fields
Service tools
JiBrok Stopwatch Stopwatch for Cloud
Work calendars
Stopwatch fields
Service tools


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|Uploaded:||May 1, 2008|
|Updated:||March 29, 2010|
This is a tutorial on a plant that is in bloom beginning this mouth. I figured it would be a good idea to start off this new mouth with a plant from the desert that actually blooms flowers even in the hot desert sun. So having said that, today you will learn "how to draw a Cactus". This cactus happens to be the state flower of Arizona. In 1901 the saguaro's blossom was adopted as the official territorial flower, and in 1931, it was confirmed as the state flower. It has a thick, tall flute looking steam that is about 18 to 24 inches in diameter and can reach lengths of up to 40 feet high. Not only does this desert cactus get big, it ages well too. The Saguaro can age up to 200 years old before it dies out and becomes a shriveled up plant. This type of cactus resembles a long oversized pitch fork. The skin on the cactus is smooth and waxy which is odd because you would think that all cactuses have rough prickly surfaces but obviously that is totally not the case here. The trunk and stems are bold and sturdy, and they have sharp pointy spurs all over. Now, I said in the beginning of this description of the Saguaro cactus that the plant starts blooming from May-June. The flowers are thick, milky white clusters with yellow centers. The flower although it comes from a cactus, is characterized by having a waxy feel, but it is extremely fragrant in sent. Toward the middle of the spring months, the Saguaro will pollinate and later in the summer the flowers turn into reddish looking fruits that local Arizona birds feast upon. What most people do not know is that this particular cactus happens to be the largest cactus in the USA now that is impressive. This tutorial on the Arizona state flower will teach you "how to draw a cactus", step by step. Since this is an easy tutorial, you will have no problems understanding the easy to follow instructions. For those of you from Arizona, this one is for you.


Call for a Free Consultation _PHONE_
What is Redemption in Ch 7?
When an individual person files a Chapter 7 bankruptcy case, they may have an opportunity to pay an auto lender, or a lender who took household goods as collateral, less than what is owed under the loan agreement.
Redemption is allowed under Title 11 U.S. Code, Section 722, which states:
In order to "redeem" your loan, you must file an application, or "motion" with the U.S. Bankruptcy Court where your case is pending. The motion must be filed prior to the case being closed by the Court, before the Discharge Order is entered. Redemption is feasible if the fair market value of the property securing the loan is worth significantly less than what is owed under the loan agreement. An example would be a situation where the Debtor is locked into a high interest secured auto loan for $20,000.00, where the vehicle that secures the loan is only worth $10,000.00 at the time of filing of the bankruptcy. This is a common occurrence in bankruptcy matters, because people usually delay filing a bankruptcy for months, and sometimes years while their credit score stays in the 400-500 point range. Older car loans are sometimes rolled into a new high interest car loan by the debtor long before filing a bankruptcy case, because that is all the debtor can afford, while requiring transportation for work or family obligations.
Redemption is most commonly applied in the above-described auto loan scenario. There are specialized lenders such as who can provide funds for a new "redemption" loan for the lower principal amount, as determined by the Bankruptcy Court. See: 722 website at: Redemption Loan Funding
If you have questions about redeeming a loan inside of a bankruptcy case, Call me. I'll BE there for you. -Kevin Ryan, Bankruptcy Attorney


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I wanted to describe that 「えっと」 was similar to "Ummm" in English when someone is trying to think about what they are going to say, but I wasn't even sure if that was correct. Is that just a generalization? What does 「えっと」actually come from? Can it be considered to be a word or phrase?
えっと is just a sound. Yes, it is like "umm" in English and it is used when you're thinking of what to say, hesitating, or otherwise trying to fill the silence with something before you speak. As Dono mentioned, you can find えっと's general form in the dictionary, so it can be considered a word.
There is some discussion of this on the internet here, but this discussion also boils down to it just being a sound.
えっと as just a sound is a satisfactory answer to me in terms of etymology. I'm not sure if the と in it is related at all to the quotation particle と, but I have to wonder if anyone is sure.
Basically your description of えっと as "umm" is fine, and the dictionaries define it as something that you say to think before saying something else.
えっと is related to 言えないと, which is no longer said. Over time,it's just become something we say to fill the silence when thinking, like "anno". In the Edo Times you would hear people say 言えないと, which would have sounded like, "yunaito" back then. Think of how 行かないと means "I have to go."


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In the ever changing global business environment, only organizations that move with the tide can survive. Corporate restructuring is a recurring trend. Organizations must retain knowledge which is a critical component of their intangible assets. Knowledge-based organizations are able to generate value from their intellectual assets.
This training workshop is designed to equip participants with requisite skills and capabilities to create a knowledge-based organization with a view to facilitating the realization of the corporate goals.
At the end of the workshop, participants will be able to:
- Define the concept of knowledge management
- Analyse and disseminate information to effect changes
- Promote technology transfer
- Develop strategies and policies to manage the organization's intellectual assets effectively.
- Knowledge management: an overview
- Building a knowledge based organization
- Knowledge harvesting
- Learning and development
- Knowledge management strategies
- Information management and security
- Creating and managing a database
- Building employee engagement
- Managing the knowledge worker
- Managing change and innovation
- Effective communication in knowledge management
- Intellectual capital and interpersonal Relation
Methodology: Lectures, discussions, syndicate work, case studies and exercises. Audio-visual aids will be used to reinforce these learning methods.
Management consultants, project / human resource managers, trainers and professionals in the public and private sector organizations.
Mode of Assessment for Certification: 100 per cent attendance/active participation.
Contact Person: Mrs. Rita Nwalupue


text:
Professor of Materials Science and Engineering
Professor of Optical Sciences
Professor of Agriculture and Life Sciences
Specific Research Interests:
- Green chemistry approach to synthesize nanoparticles for waste-water treatment and carbon dioxide absorption.
- Synthesis methods that use nontoxic and inexpensive materials, such as egg white, aloe vera and lemon grass extract in producing zinc peroxide, magnetic nanoparticles of ferrites and various ceramics.
- Alternative production methods that are more environmentally friendly than the conventional ones.
- Nanoparticles that eliminate toxic chromium ion in waste-water and carbon dioxide absorption to reduce global warming.
- Ph.D., Arizona State University, 1990
- M.S., King Mongkut's University of Technology (Thailand), 1983
- B.S., Mahidol University (Thailand), 1980


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Experimental evolution of insect immune memory versus pathogen resistance.
|Title||Experimental evolution of insect immune memory versus pathogen resistance.|
|Publication Type||Journal Article|
|Year of Publication||2017|
|Authors||Khan I, Prakash A, Agashe D|
|Journal||Proc Biol Sci|
|Date Published||2017 Dec 20|
Under strong pathogen pressure, insects often evolve resistance to infection. Many insects are also protected via immune memory (immune priming), whereby sublethal exposure to a pathogen enhances survival after secondary infection. Theory predicts that immune memory should evolve when the pathogen is highly virulent, or when pathogen exposure is relatively rare. However, there are no empirical tests of these hypotheses, and the adaptive benefits of immune memory relative to direct resistance against a pathogen are poorly understood. To determine the selective pressures and ecological conditions that shape immune evolution, we imposed strong pathogen selection on flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) populations, infecting them with Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) for 11 generations. Populations injected first with heat-killed and then live Bt evolved high basal resistance against multiple Bt strains. By contrast, populations injected only with a high dose of live Bt evolved a less effective but strain-specific priming response. Control populations injected with heat-killed Bt did not evolve priming; and in the ancestor, priming was effective only against a low Bt dose. Intriguingly, one replicate population first evolved priming and subsequently evolved basal resistance, suggesting the potential for dynamic evolution of different immune strategies. Our work is the first report showing that pathogens can select for rapid modulation of insect priming ability, allowing hosts to evolve divergent immune strategies (generalized resistance versus specific immune memory) with potentially distinct mechanisms.
|Alternate Journal||Proc. Biol. Sci.|


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Microsoft Clippy (aka "Office Assistant" or "Clipit") is a feature remembered by many users of Microsoft Word. It assisted users by way of an interactive animated character, which interfaced with Office's online Help. Although the concept of "embedded" or "persistent" Help was good, its application in the real-life working environment was not well received.
With more and more people reading information via tablets and mobile phones, and with the new technologies they contain, perhaps it's time to revisit the concept of Clippy. Perhaps it can be done right this time?
There are two technologies that tablets and mobile phones contain which are worth considering. One is haptic feedback, the other is ambient technology.
- Haptic feedback is technology that interfaces with the user through the sense of touch – typically through your device vibrating.
- Ambient technology refers to electronic environments that are sensitive and responsive to the presence of people.
An example from the e-learning environment is Evernote Peek, which makes use of the iPad's Smart Cover to present information.
Perhaps instead of an animated character clamouring for our attention, a more subtle notification by a vibration or a glowing button might be a better way to tell users help is available that can guide them through their task.
We're not aware of any User Assistance that is using haptic or ambient technologies today, so do let us know if you've seen any examples out there.


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Opportunities - Add an Opportunity
Step-by-Step: Two Ways to Add an Opportunity
1st Way: Go to the People Dashboard and find the Organization that this Opportunity is about.
Then Add Opportunity.
2nd Way: Go to the Opportunities Dashboard and Add New.
Enter the Organization Name in the box.
Enter the desired Details.
1. A short title.
2. A more detailed description.
3. This is automatically filled in based on your earlier designation.
4. Select the status from the list given.
5. Select the Sales Person assigned to this.
Enter additional information:
1. Dollar amount
2. Proposal due date
3. Attachments (if desired).
Then scroll up and hit Create.


text:
- About this Journal ·
- Abstracting and Indexing ·
- Aims and Scope ·
- Article Processing Charges ·
- Articles in Press ·
- Author Guidelines ·
- Bibliographic Information ·
- Citations to this Journal ·
- Contact Information ·
- Editorial Board ·
- Editorial Workflow ·
- Free eTOC Alerts ·
- Publication Ethics ·
- Reviewers Acknowledgment ·
- Submit a Manuscript ·
- Subscription Information ·
- Table of Contents
Journal of Mathematics
Volume 2013 (2013), Article ID 930290, 4 pages
Sufficient Conditions and Applications for Carathéodory Functions
School of Mathematics and Statistics, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, China
Received 27 November 2012; Accepted 19 December 2012
Academic Editor: Jen-Chih Yao
Copyright © 2013 Neng Xu. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Let be the class of functions of the form which are analytic in. By using the method of differential subordinations, we give some sufficient conditions for Carathéodory function, that is, if satisfies and where,,,,, then. Some useful consequences of this result are also given.
Let be the class of functions of the following form: which are analytic in. We denote by the subclass of consisting of univalent functions and by and the usual subclasses of whose members are starlike (with respect to the origin) and close-to-convex, respectively. Finally, we denote by the family of functions which satisfy the condition. It is well known that.
Let be the class of functions of the following form: which are analytic in. If satisfies, then we say that is the Carathéodory function. For Carathéodory functions, Nunokawa et al. have shown some sufficient conditions applying the differential inequalities. In the present paper, using the method of differential subordinations, we derive certain conditions under which we have, where. Our results generalize or improve some results due to [1–4].
To prove our results, we need the following lemma due to Miller and Mocanu.
Lemma 1. Let be analytic and univalent in U and let and be analytic in a domain D containing, with when. Set
and suppose that (i)is starlike univalent in, and(ii).
If is analytic in, with, and then and is the best dominant of (4).
2. Main Results
Theorem 2. Let,,, and. If satisfies and where then and is the best dominant of (5).
Proof. Let,,, and choose Then is analytic and univalent in,,, and satisfy the conditions of the lemma. The function is univalent and starlike in because Further, we have Since, from (11) it is easy to know that Hence the function is close-to-convex and univalent in. Now it follows from (5)–(12) that Therefore, by virtue of the lemma, we conclude that and is the best dominant of (5). The proof of the theorem is complete.
Making use of the theorem, we can obtain a number of interesting results.
Corollary 3. Let,. If satisfies then.
Proof. Let,,,,,, and in the theorem, then we have satisfy the conditions of the lemma. Note that Hence, similar to the proof of the theorem, we conclude that, that is,.
Corollary 5. Let,, satisfies, and then.
Remark 6. Note that the function
maps onto the -plane slit along the half-lines, and,. Hence Corollary 5 coincides with the result obtained by Nunokawa et al. [1, Theorem 2] using another method.
Letting,, in Corollary 5, we have the following.
Corollary 7. If,, and where is real and, then.
Corollary 9. Let with. If for some, then and
Remark 10. Frassin and Darus have shown that if and
for some, then.
For, the function is analytic and convex univalent in. Since the disk is properly contained in. Therefore, in view of (21), we see that Corollary 9 is better than the result given in.
Letting,,,,,, and in the theorem, we have the following.
Corollary 11. If,,, and
For the univalent function, we now find the image of the unit disk.
Let, where and are real. We have Elimination of yields Therefore, we conclude that
This work was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. _PHONE_). The author would like to thank the referees for their careful reading and for making some valuable comments which have essentially improved the presentation of this paper.
- M. Nunokawa, S. Owa, N. Takahashi, and H. Saitoh, "Sufficient conditions for Carathéodory functions," Indian Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, vol. 33, no. 9, pp. 1385–1390, 2002.
- B. A. Frasin and M. Darus, "On certain analytic univalent functions," International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 305–310, 2001.
- Z. Lewandowski, S. Miller, and E. Złotkiewicz, "Generating functions for some classes of univalent functions," Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society, vol. 56, pp. 111–117, 1976.
- M. Nunokawa and S. Hoshino, "One criterion for multivalent functions," Proceedings of the Japan Academy A, vol. 67, no. 2, pp. 35–37, 1991.
- S. S. Miller and P. T. Mocanu, "On some classes of first-order differential subordinations," The Michigan Mathematical Journal, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 185–195, 1985.
- S. Ozaki and M. Nunokawa, "The Schwarzian derivative and univalent functions," Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society, vol. 33, pp. 392–394, 1972.


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Tannins, Wine, and Migraine Headaches
What are tannins?
Tannins - plant polyphenols - are an integral part of creating a red wine. The red color and the sharp taste both come from the skins of the grape, which are left on during part of fermentation to seep into the wine itself. That color and taste is the result of tannins. Tannins are not only found in wine - they are found in many foods, such as cheeses and nuts, and even drinks such as tea. Wood aging also adds some tannin to red wines.
Tannins are used by a plant to prevent creatures from eating it. The bitter taste, as well as other effects it causes on the digestion system of the creature, tend to cause the plant to be safe from being eaten.
For humans, tannins are often found to be pleasureable. People who drink tea enjoy its bitter taste, and also the 'buzz' it can give to some. However, as always, various bodies react differently to chemicals. For some people, the tannins found in nature can cause too strong of a 'buzz', leading to mild or severe headaches.
If you think you might be sensitive to tannins, try drinking a strong tea. If you feel your tongue getting "leathery", that is the tannins at work, tanning your tongue. If this gives you a headache or other problem, talk with a doctor.
Cabernet Sauvignon Grapes What are tannins useful for?
Tannins are touted as excellent antioxidants. The tea industry is promoting this aspect of tea, as are all other industries whose foods involve tannin.
Polyphenols in general are found to lower total cholesterol, and also improve the ratio of LDL to HDL cholesterol. They lower blood pressure, lessen risks of cancer, stimulate the immune system, and have anti-bacterial properties.
How might tannins cause headaches?
Tannins tend to bind starches while being digested. These starches are needed by the body to produce serotonin. In some people, who are extremely sensitive to their serotonin levels, it appears the lack of serotonin can lead to a migraine. It sort of "starves" the body for this type of raw material, much as not eating for many hours might lead this person to have the same migraine.
Tannin sensitivity is also now thought to be cumulative - a person who begins life with no tannin sensitivities may yet develop one as he or she ages. People who are sensitive to tannins need to moderate their intake of tannins in all forms, and also be sure to eat a reasonable amount of food while ingesting tannins, so the binding affects of tannins do not cause undue stress.
So in general, tannins are very good for you, as long as you aren't allergic to them. Take the time to determine if you are allergic to them. If you get headaches from wine, it could be the tannins - or it could be something else. If you eliminate tannins as being the culprit, look through the other items below to determine what it could be.
Cogeners and wine - Cheap Wine Headaches
European Wines Cause Fewer Headaches?
Histamines and wine
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Wine Glossary Main Listing
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1 0], 'projective');
 xyScreen = tformfwd([x, y], tform);
 xScreen = xyScreen(1);
 yScreen = xyScreen(2);
 % Ensure the new coordinates remain within the unit square.
 xScreen = min([xScreen 1]);
 xScreen = max([xScreen 0]);
 yScreen = min([yScreen 1]);
 yScreen = max([yScreen 0]);
 % Store the new MATLAB axis coordinates.
 laser.x = [laser.x(:); xScreen];
 laser.y = [laser.y(:); yScreen];
% Plot the tracked laser positions.
set(laserFig, 'Position', smallFigPos);
plot(laser.x, laser.y, 'r*');
% Close the laser figure.
% Stop the acquisition, remove the object from memory,
% and clear the variable.
clear vid
% Remove the directory containing the utility functions from the MATLAB path.
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text:
.
The criterion, 'our unique ability to sustainably address it', is valuable as it essentially contains three conditions:
- We have the capacity to do it (knowledge and experience)
- We have the resources to do it (financial sustainability)
- We are uniquely placed to do it (no one else is addressing the issue adequately).
Almost always, options will not meet all three of these conditions and can thus be moved on the ranking accordingly. Having criteria with more than one condition can be helpful in deciding how far along the axis an option sits. Alternatively, having too many conditions may confuse the process.
Furthermore, using criteria with many conditions also lends itself to having a number of linked matrices. For example, for a better idea of how an option may rank against the criterion of 'our unique ability to sustainably address it', you can firstly break that criterion up into several parts. As shown in Figure 7, a matrix using the parameters of 'sustainability' and 'knowledge' can be used to rank options against two of the three conditions.
4. Identify all options
The matrix works best when all options have already been identified; it is not a tool for identifying the options. Having all options under consideration results in:
- More confidence in the process: you are not left contemplating if an unidentified option may be better than your top priorities.
- Increased ability to rank options: with more options comes more opportunity to rank them against each other, essentially adding an extra dimension to the framework. For example, you may have ranked 'unemployment' as a big issue. Then, when deciding where to put 'housing affordability', you can compare it to the placement of unemployment and might base this on how many people are affected by these issues.
- Not needing to revisit the matrix.
If other options do subsequently emerge, they can be positioned in the existing matrix. Some CEOs have used a 'permanent' copy of an initiative or program prioritisation matrix to evaluate new ideas as they emerge.
5. If possible, build an evidence base
To make things easier in the next step (rank the options) try and build an evidence base. This is not possible in some situations, but even having a general idea of what is behind each option can be of great help. For example, the sporting organisation had the advantage of national statistics (such as economic cost) behind its options making it much easier to determine the size of the issue.
6. Rank the options
Once you know all the options and where possible have the related evidence, you can begin to rank them. Ranking can be the most difficult step, particularly if you do lack evidence. A few things can help this step go smoothly:
- Record your justification for the position of each option. This ensures that when someone not involved in the process (or even you later) looks at the prioritisation matrix, the reasoning behind where each option is ranked is clear.
- Acknowledge the subjectivity. Often ranking relies on a certain level of subjectivity being accepted. This can make people uncomfortable especially those used to basing decisions on facts. It helps to acknowledge the subjectivity and the possible discomfort.
- Acknowledge the flexibility of options. Options may need to be rearranged in response to how you rank a new option, as you are assessing each option against the others, as well as the criteria.
You can also rank options against each axis separately before plotting them. This is helpful when there are a lot of vested interests, or when different people have expertise on each axis.
Advantages and disadvantages of this tool
Advantages of a prioritisation matrix include:
- Nothing is out; things are just lower priority. All options are (at least) acknowledged as possible, which can help to avoid conflict about options being excluded.
- The visual presentation makes it easy to consider everything simultaneously. When there is a multitude of options to pick from deciding what to do can be overwhelming. Having all the options visually represented is easier to comprehend and digest.
- Quick and easy, and can be used when there are limited facts. As mentioned, the matrix can be helpful when there is a paucity of available data.
Disadvantages can be:
- Doesn't exclude anything. As nothing is out, this can result in over complication with too many options cluttering the matrix.
- Subjective: Although also an advantage when there are limited facts, the inherent level of subjectivity can lead to doubts about the conclusion.
- Still difficult to manage more than a few dimensions. Having criteria with multiple conditions, such as 'our unique ability to sustainably address it' can help to deal with complex scenarios. Another way to manage an extra dimension can be to use different sized bubbles where appropriate. See Figure 8.
A prioritisation matrix can be an exceptional tool for making difficult decisions. By following the simple process outlined above, social purpose organisations will be able to address, and rank, complex options.
If you stick to the steps and trust the process you will find yourself combining the science of evidence and the art of subjectively ranking options into one process; creating a new way of looking at situations.


text:
The Bittenut Hickory, Carya cordiformis, is also known as the Yellow-bud Hickory tree. The yellow bud makes it difficult to mistake for another species and combined with the alternate compound leaves and relatively large nuts, it is very distinctive This deciduous tree is found on moist, fertile soils in the east and central U.S. and is intolerant of shade. The fall color is often green to chartruese, but sometimes is a brilliant golden-yellow in excellent seasons.
Scientific Name or Common Names: Carya cordiformis
To read expert reviews, buy, or read details about
Bitternut Hickory – Carya cordiformis


text:
By Cameron Chai
Keithley Instruments has recently brought out an e-handbook titled, 'Ensuring the Accuracy of Nanoscale Electrical Measurements', free copy, of which can be downloaded on request from the company at _URL_
The handbook has been categorized into different sections, including Nanotech Testing Challenges, Electrical Measurement Considerations, Electrical Noise, Source-Measure Instruments, Pulsing Technologies, and Avoiding Self-Heating Problems.
Also included are descriptions on graphene, a single-atom-thick crystal of carbon, which is used in semiconductor manufacture instead of silicon. A chapter on low-level measurement terminology has been included, besides a guide to choosing instruments that are ideal for nanotechnology applications. Links to webinars, white papers, and notes application related to each area have also been inserted.
Keithley instrumentation is developing superior nanotechnology applications. Ample experience in designing highly-responsive measurement tools allow Keithley to offer university, corporate, and government labs across the globe with solutions for exploring new materials and systems. It collaborates with the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Nanotechnology Centers of Excellence, customers, and nanotechnology measurement equipment providers and distributors in an endeavor to develop comprehensive nano-test platforms. The handbook also includes inputs from these partners.


– investor relationship.
The challenge for the firm is to be inviting to as many contributions/investments, as possible, from as many people as possible. Another difference from the industrial model is the growing need to cross organizational and geographic borders when trying to optimally match tasks and skilled contributions. The basic logic of creative work is thus Internet-based global crowdsourcing.
The firm of the future may be 10.000.000 people working together for ten minutes.
Crowdsourcing is not about the company consuming the information outsiders produce. By communicating and creating more relationships, the networked business increases its intellectual capital as the nodes of the network do the same. The network acts as an amplifier of knowledge. The challenge for the knowledge worker is to take responsibility for the value and growth of her human capital and to plan her investment portfolio carefully. Work should always equal learning. As work requires interaction between people who need each other according to the context and the task, taking responsibility for human capital also requires taking responsibility for the value and growth of the human network.
The death of the sales funnel
Digital marketing is really about reversing the sales funnel
Interactive value creation


text:
Handicraft, more precisely expressed as artisanic handicraft, sometimes also called artisanry, is a type of work where useful and decorative devices are made completely by hand or by using only simple tools. It is a traditional main sector of craft. Usually the term is applied to traditional means of making goods. The individual artisanship of the items is a paramount criterion, such items often have cultural and/or religious significance. Items made by mass production or machines are not handicraft goods.
Or contact the seller
in section "Products of national art crafts"
View also products categories "Popular craftwork and handicraft items"


Ice Shelves Teacher Resources
Find Ice Shelves lesson plans and worksheets
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Lesson Planet
Introducing Antarctica 1 - Ice Streams, Ice Shelves, and Icebergs of Antarctica
For Teachers 5th - 10th
Students examine the geographical features of Antarctica and the way the ice formations move. In this Antarctica and ice flow lesson, students use an atlas to assist them in labeling the major geographic features of the continent. They...
Lesson Planet
Where in the World Is Our Teacher?
For Teachers 6th - 8th Standards
Kirk Beckendorf, a middle school teacher, joined researchers at the McMurdo Station in Antarctica to help maintain automatic weather stations. The lesson encourages pupils to track his travels around the region. They connect with the...
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Ice, Ice, Baby
For Teachers 6th - 12th
Students explore the causes and effects of the melting ice formations in Antarctica; they then research different aspects of the topic in order to create a news special.
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Global Meltdown
For Students 6th - 10th
For this environmental science lesson, students study data and animation on global temperature increase to complete 8 short answer questions that follow.
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Glaciers As Indicators of Global Climate Change
For Teachers 11th - 12th
Learners research about glacial ice melting on the four major spheres of the Earth. In this earth science lesson, students explain how this process relates to global warming. They create a presentation and share their findings with the...
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Making an Antarctic Water Flow Model
For Teachers 8th - 11th
Students explore world geography by creating a science model. In this water properties lesson, students identify the geography surrounding Antarctica and discuss how water flows in an out of the continent. Students complete a water...
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Displaying Sea Ice
For Teachers 5th - 8th
Students display their knowledge of sea ice. In this earth science activity, students create displays reflecting their understanding of sea ice.Students research the development of sea ice on a variety of bodies of water, and use proper...
Lesson Planet
For Teachers 5th - 9th
Students explore why Antarctica is so important to the planet. They investigate the physical characteristics. Students create their own unique treaty of governance for Antarctica and discuss how laws are enforced in Antarctica.
Lesson Planet
Glaciers Leave Their Imprint
For Teachers 5th - 8th
Young scholars study various types of glaciers and the landforms they create. Working in pairs, they research a type of glacial landform and construct a calendar page illustrating and describing it. The pages be compiled to create a...
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text:
The early years
The origins of Coats can be traced to the families that created the weaving and textile industries of Paisley, Scotland during the late 18th century.
- Henry Milward established needle manufacture at Redditch, UK and hand sewing begins to flourish
- James and Patrick Clark move to the thriving town of Paisley, Scotland as young boys to begin work in the weaving trade
- The Clarks will eventually set up a business in Cotton Street making thread for use in 'heddles', which were an integral part of weaving looms at the time
- James Coats born in 1774 to a family of Paisley weavers. The early part of his life was spent serving in the British Army before returning to Paisley to marry and set himself up in business in the early 1800s
- Sir Richard Arkwright built Masson Mills in Derbyshire, England


text:
SIMUL8 Tip – Copy All Results to Excel
There may be times where you want to take all of your results from your simulation and analyze them using a different program such as Excel. In SIMUL8 it is really easy to copy all your results to Excel, to give you added flexibility for results analysis, or perhaps if you want to share your results with non-SIMUL8 users.
Here's how to do it:
1. After running the simulation open the Results Manager in the 'Home' menu.
2. Click on the tab for 'All Object Results'.
This tab shows all of the results that have been collected for each object in the simulation
3. Click on the tab for 'KPIs'.
4. Click on the button with the plus symbol – this is an alternative way of adding results to the KPIs list and will allow you to select all of the results of selected objects.
5. Highlight all of the objects listed by using the 'Shift' key.
6. Click on the 'Add all results' button to add all of the results of the selected objects to the listed KPIs.
7. Click on this button once to copy all of the results to the clipboard
8. Paste into Excel.
It's really that simple, and this provides you with the added flexibility of being able to view, analyze and work with your results outwith SIMUL8.


text:
Whether you are decorating for an "under the sea" party or creating a goldfish-inspired bedroom for your child; creating lively goldfish paper lanterns is an easy and colorful way to spice up any room.
Method 1 of 2: Gather Your Supplies
1Purchase large, colorful paper lanterns. Many craft stores carry them, but also home stores stock large Japanese paper lanterns. Although almost always offered in white, look for lanterns in nautical/colorful hues such as blues, oranges and yellows.Ad
2Pick up matching colored cardstock and white and black felt. You will also need a hot glue gun to affix the cardstock and felt to the lantern. The white and black felt will be used to create the fish's bit round eyes and the cardstock will be cut out and attached as the tail.
3Pick up clear fishing wire if your paper lantern does not come equipped with a kit for hanging. Consider how you will hang the lanterns too and plan accordingly (for example, if you need a hook or nails to mount it to the ceiling).Ad
Method 2 of 2: Create Your Hanging Goldfish
1Measure the paper lantern to determine the fishtail size. You will want the tail to be in proportion to the size of the lantern.
2Create the goldfish tale by tracing a "wavy" heart shape on the cardstock to match the size of the lantern.
- Use the measurements to determine the overall tail size. You want the tail to be slightly smaller than the lantern and large enough that it shows but can stand on its own.
- Lightly sketch the shape with a pencil until you achieve the desired design. You may want to use the initial tail shape as a template so subsequent tails match.
- Cut out the shape and leave approximately 1" to 2" around the base. You will be attaching the tail to the lantern at the tail base so you will need extra room.
3Attach the tail to the lantern. You will want the tail to appear as though it was created with the lantern.
- Fold the extra paper along the base approximately 1/2". You will attach the tail to the lantern by gluing the fold to the lantern.
- Place several drops of hot glue along the fold and press firmly against the lantern. Hold in place for two to five minutes or until you are confident it has adhered.
4Create the fish's eyes. You will be making one large circle using the white felt and then creating a smaller half-moon circle with the black.
- Cut out a large circle to represent the white's of the fish's eyes. You can go a little larger for a "cartoon" goldfish effect.
- Cut out a half-moon circle (or half circle) to fit along the bottom of the white circle. The black represents the fish's actual eye.
- Glue the white circle 2/3 toward the top of the lantern using hot glue. Hold in place until it adheres.
- Glue the black circle on top of the white, along the bottom of the circle. Use several drops of glue in order to ensure the eye stays in place.
5Tie the fishing wire around the wire structure around the top and hang. This step depends on how you plan to hang the lantern and where. You can either tie the other end of the fishing wire to a lamp or hanging light in the room or you can make it more permanent and use a picture hanging kit to hang it.
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- Create a goldfish family and purchase paper lanterns in a variety of sizes.


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Choosing good paint brushes for your art is an important step in gathering your art materials. Here are some guidelines to consider when making your purchases.
 1. 1
 Familiarize yourself with the brushes. Typically, an artist will have many different types of brushes for different techniques and painting methods:
 2. 2
 Familiarize yourself with different hair-types. There are different materials used for brushes:
 - Bristle - usually the cheapest - made from pig hairs. This is a standard brush that you would find often in artists' collections.
 - Synthetic - these can be cheap or expensive and they have a different feel than natural hair brushes.
 - Sable - usually the most expensive - made from various other fine-haired animals, such as sables, weasels, and other rodents.
 3. 3
 Choose a brush that feels good and is well-built:
 4. 4
 Look for sales at art supply stores. If you are a student, be sure to go to stores that honor student discounts. Paying full price for art supplies is rarely wise, as artists are not known for being wealthy.
 5. 5
 Collect together one of each of these brushes and additional sizes of the main workhorse brushes - the flat and the filbert. You may also want a very wide flat brush (like a 2" wide house painting brush) for covering very large areas initially.
 6. 6
 Learn about the different ways each brush can be held and the different ways of making strokes. This knowledge will also come with experimentation, which is clearly the best way to learn. What you are trying to accomplish will generally decide which brush is best for which job.
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This video covers the different types of brushes and uses.
 - Brushes can get quite expensive, so take care of them: don't leave them sitting in water, don't get paint up into the ferrule (the metal part), and wash and dry your brushes thoroughly right after use.
 - Go with what works for you. If a cheaper brush does a better job and feels right, use that instead. You don't always have to have the most expensive items.
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