text:
Swansea International Health aims to provide opportunities for the staff and students in our Medical School and NHS Trust to contribute to improving health in resource-poor countries.
To achieve this aim, we have developed partnerships with colleagues working in West Africa:
The Ibadan-Swansea Partnership (ISP) provides support for health professionals in poorer countries in making their own computer-based learning materials. This builds capacity in adult learning and eLearning and generates open-access, copyright-free modules that focus on priority diseases.
The Swansea-Gambia Link is a broader partnership that aims to bring staff and students together to work for mutual benefit on health issues of common interest - including clinical care, health service delivery, teaching and research.
Themes that underlie our involvement in international health are:
- Building the capacity of health professionals to improve health outcomes
- Involving medical, nursing and other students in international health early in their careers


text:
Q: My 8-year-old daughter has epilepsy, and she loves to play video games. Should I be worried that she'll become photosensitive and the games will cause her to have a seizure?
— Ava, Washington
A: Only about 3 percent of people with epilepsy may experience seizures when exposed to the flashing lights associated with television screens, computer monitors, or videogames. However, so-called photosensitive epilepsy is more common in children and adolescents. There is no reason to believe that videogames cause photosensitive epilepsy, but certain games can induce seizures in a small number of people with epilepsy.
Being as your daughter fits within that profile, certain steps are advisable: She should sit well away from the screen, reduce the screen's brightness, and limit her video time per session to no more than an hour. She should take frequent breaks from the games, and while playing a game, she should look away from the screen every few minutes. She should not play videogames if she is tired, sleep deprived, or hungry — three known seizure-inducers that could combine with the videogame to make a seizure more likely. Finally, she should not continue playing if she experiences any unusual feelings or involuntary muscular movements.
Richard M. Restak, MD, is clinical professor of neurology at George Washington Hospital University School of Medicine and Health Sciences.
This section created and produced exclusively by the editorial staff of EverydayHealth.com. © 2011 EverydayHealth.com; all rights reserved.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text: Over the past thirty years, a new systemic conception of life has emerged at the forefront of science. New emphasis has been given to complexity, networks, and patterns of organisation, leading to a novel kind of'systemic' thinking. This volume integrates the ideas, models, and theories underlying the systems view of life into a single coherent framework. Taking a broad sweep through history and across scientific disciplines, the authors examine the appearance of key concepts such as autopoiesis, dissipative structures, social networks, and a systemic understanding of evolution. The implications of the systems view of life for health care, management, and our global ecological and economic crises are also discussed. Written primarily for undergraduates, it is also essential reading for graduate students and researchers interested in understanding the new systemic conception of life and its implications for a broad range of professions - from economics and politics to medicine, psychology and law.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
International Human Dimensions Programme on Global Environmental Change (IHDP)
The International Human Dimensions Programme on Global Environmental Change (IHDP) was founded by the International Council for Science (ICSU) and the International Social Science Council (ISSC) in 1996.
IHDP's mission is to generate scientific knowledge on coupled human-environment systems, achieve comprehensive understanding of global environmental change processes and their consequences for sustainable development, and make contributions to explore:
- the anthropogenic drivers of global environmental change,
- the impact of such change on human welfare, and
- societal responses to mitigate and adapt to global environmental change.


Were ziggurats peaked at the top?
Asked by: Mrs. Charlene Bartell
Score: 5/5 (15 votes)
The ziggurats began as a platforms (usually oval, rectangular or square). The ziggurat was a mastaba-like structure with a flat top.
View full answer
Also Know, What was at the top of ziggurats?
At the top of the ziggurat was a shrine to the god. The priests would perform sacrifices and other rituals here. They built them high because they wanted the shrine to be as close to the heavens as possible.
Beside the above, What was the highest point of a ziggurat?. The best-preserved ziggurat is at Ur (modern Tall al-Muqayyar, Iraq). The largest, at Choghā Zanbīl in Elam (now in southwestern Iran), is 335 feet (102 metres) square and 80 feet (24 metres) high and stands at less than half its estimated original height.
In this manner, Who lives on top of ziggurat?
How tall was the first ziggurat?
The ziggurat was built by King Ur-Nammu, who dedicated it in honour of Nanna/Sîn in approximately the 21st century BC (short chronology) during the Third Dynasty of Ur. The massive step pyramid measured 64 m (210 ft) in length, 45 m (148 ft) in width and over 30 m (98 ft) in height.
44 related questions found
What was the most likely reason that ziggurats were tall?
Ziggurats were built tall so that they would connect the heavens to the earth.
What is inside the nanna ziggurat?
The core of the ziggurat is made of mud brick covered with baked bricks laid with bitumen, a naturally occurring tar. Each of the baked bricks measured about 11.5 x 11.5 x 2.75 inches and weighed as much as 33 pounds.
Who was the leader of the gods in Babylon?
Marduk, in Mesopotamian religion, the chief god of the city of Babylon and the national god of Babylonia; as such, he was eventually called simply Bel, or Lord. Marduk. Originally, he seems to have been a god of thunderstorms.
Can you go inside a ziggurat?
This is one of the oldest temples in Iraq and one of few archaeological Sumerian sites that can be visited in the city of Thiqar. Getting here may be tricky as you need to buy the tickets in the museum inside the city and then come to the site.... Walking here is walk in to glorious history of Sumer.
What is the difference between a ziggurat and a pyramid?
Ziggurats were built in Ancient Mesopotamia while pyramids were built in Ancient Egypt and Southern America. 3. Ziggurats have steps or terraces on its sides and multi-storied while pyramids just have one long stretch of staircase.... Ziggurats are chamber less while pyramids usually have internal chambers.
Where is Mesopotamia now?
What was the first form of writing called?
The cuneiform script, created in Mesopotamia, present-day Iraq, ca. 3200 BC, was first. It is also the only writing system which can be traced to its earliest prehistoric origin. This antecedent of the cuneiform script was a system of counting and recording goods with clay tokens.
Which came first ziggurat or pyramid?
Even though pyramids still stand to this day, the Sumerian ziggurats were probably constructed before the first Egyptian pyramid. The Sumerian civilization is prior to the Nile valley civilizations, which suggests that the first ziggurat was built before the first pyramid.
What is a good sentence for ziggurat?
Ziggurat sentence example
Access to the stages of the ziggurat, from the court beneath, was had by an inclined plane on the south-east side. In the west corner stood a temple, with a stagetower ( ziggurat ) adjoining.
Why do you think ziggurats were so large?
There was another reason why the Ziggurats were built as tall structures. They were looked upon as mountains that had been recreated by human hands. People believed that the gods actually lived in the mountains in the eastern part of Mesopotamia.
Who was allowed in ziggurats?
At the very top of the ziggurat was a shrine to the main god of the city-state. The shrine contained a statue of the god. The only people allowed to enter the shrine were priests and priestesses. Ziggurats were often used as storage and distribution centers for surplus crops.
Can you visit the ruins of Ur?
The country is facing very difficult times. The government has little budget to protect historical sites. When most sites have been damaged during the recent wars and are not protected now, UR is still kept in good conditions. You can climb to the top of the ziggurat and have a great view of the area.
What do ziggurats tell us about ancient Sumer?
An example of a simple ziggurat is the White Temple of Uruk, in ancient Sumer.... Its purpose is to get the temple closer to the heavens, and provide access from the ground to it via steps. The Mesopotamians believed that these pyramid temples connected heaven and earth.
What do ziggurats do in Civ 6?
It offers a 75% science boost to all cities with a Holy Site (you will have probably captured some off other civs in War-Cart conquests) at the cost of -25% culture in all cities.... Ziggurats are mostly useful for early science.
Who was the first known god?
Is Zeus a Marduk?
Like Zeus, Marduk is a sky god, and is of a younger generation of gods.... Similarly, since Hesiod's story tells the tale of Zeus' triumph, we can assume he intended the Theogony to serve not only as a creation myth but also a form of praise and honor to Zeus, the Greek king of the gods.
Is Marduk a demon?
Like many other ancient deities, Marduk was one of the earliest pagan god and the child of Enki and Damgalnuna. He would eventually battle the ancient monster Tiamat, becoming one of the many storm gods of the Chaoskampf, similar to Zeus, Thor, Hadad, Perun, Indra, Susanoo, and Tezcatlipoca.
Did Mesopotamians invent the wheel?
The wheel was invented in the 4th century BC in Lower Mesopotamia(modern-day Iraq), where the Sumerian people inserted rotating axles into solid discs of wood.... First, transport: the wheel began to be used on carts and battle chariots.
What is modern day ur called?
Ur, modern Tall al-Muqayyar or Tell el-Muqayyar, Iraq, important city of ancient southern Mesopotamia (Sumer), situated about 140 miles (225 km) southeast of the site of Babylon and about 10 miles (16 km) west of the present bed of the Euphrates River.
Are ziggurats still used today?
Though uncommon, the ziggurat is still used in architecture today.... Nowadays, ziggurats are chosen for aesthetic reasons. We can take, for instance, the well-known headquarters of the California DGS, an executive branch of California's government.


text:
Ottawa, ON, Feb 15, 2012 — One city's relationship with trees is explored in a new museum exhibit in Ottawa.
Six moments in the history of an urban forest is the brainchild of Carleton University history professor Joanna Dean and graduate student Will Knight.
Present-day Ottawa began as rough riverside lumber shanties in the early 1800s. It grew to become the nation's capital, with various trends in tree clearing and tree planting along the way. More recently, the area has faced damage from natural disaster and invasive pests, like the emerald ash borer, which threatens perhaps 30% of Ottawa's existing tree population.
Although the display considers urban forestry from an Ottawa perspective, the challenge of combining trees with cities is universal. Lucy Martin spoke with co-curators, Joanna Dean and Will Knight on opening day at the Bytown Museum, beside the treed slopes of Parliament Hill. Go to full article


By default, the Personalization module is configured to use a standard SQL repository to store profiles. To use a composite repository instead, you need to perform the following steps:
 1. Override the ProfileAdapterRepository component with an instance of atg.adapter.composite.MutableCompositeRepository. See Overriding the ProfileAdapterRepository Component for more information.
 Alternatively, you can create a new instance of the composite profile repository and then change /atg/userprofiling/ProfileTools and other components to point to it. This option requires more changes and it is useful only if you must keep both the standard SQL profile repository and a composite profile repository. See Creating a Separate Composite Profile Repository for more information.
 2. If necessary, change the defaultProfileType property in the ProfileTools component to point to the name of a composite view in the composite profile definition. Select the view that you want to use as the default item type if no other types are specified, for example in a query. You must perform this step if the composite repository does not contain a composite view with the same name as the current value of this property (the default value is user). Note that this change may be necessary regardless of the option you select in step 1.
 3. Change the names of any properties as required in the PropertyManager component. See Updating the PropertyManager for a Composite Repository for more information.
loading table of contents...


text:
The chromogenic substrate TOPS, the full name of N-ethyl-N- (3-sulfopropyl) -3-methylaniline sodium salt, is similar to TOOS, the difference in molecular structure is that the sulfopropyl group on the single atom connected to the benzene ring With a hydroxyl group, the stability is slightly stronger, and all have the characteristics of high water solubility and high detection sensitivity.
Like TOOS, TOPS can also be used for uric acid detection in kidney function kits. The chromogen used by uric acid detection kits of different companies is slightly different (the chromogenic substrate ESPMT used by some companies refers to TOPS). In addition, TOPS is also commonly used for liver function series free fatty acid detection and renal function series creatinine detection. The following is an example of the principle of uric acid detection.
During clinical testing, first collect venous blood from the test subject. The subject should be fasting for 12 hours. It is best not to drink alcohol in the morning and 12 hours. The blood collection tube should be disinfected. The blood sample is not hemolytic. The detection of uric acid is to first catalyze the complete oxidation of uric acid with oxygen and water to allantoin, carbon dioxide and hydrogen peroxide H2O2. H2O2 reacts with TOPS and 4-AAP under the catalysis of POD. TOPS is oxidized into a chromogenic product, and the absorbance is measured with a spectrophotometer. The intensity of the absorbance is proportional to the uric acid content, so that uric acid analysis is performed. This is a typical biochemical detection method using two-step enzymatic reaction to measure.
Desheng Technology has more than ten years of experience in R&D, production and sales in the field of diagnostic raw materials, especially in the development and improvement of new Trinder's reagents in the aniline sodium salt derivative series. It performs functional groups on the basis of traditional chromogenic substrates. Replacement of the increase and decrease, continue to make optimization and performance improvement for the needs of clinical testing!
Contact Person: Miss. Ankiwang


text:
Many immigrants came to US via Canada as fares were generally much cheaper that way.
In 1895 Canada and USA established a joint inspection system. Passengers arriving in Canada who intended to go on to United States were inspected by US Officials at the Canadian Port of Arrival, then enumerated on US immigration lists. Immigrants were also given inspection cards which they turned in to US Officials once they were on board trains going to United States. Two sets of records were created - passenger lists and compiled inspection cards.
These CANADIAN BORDER CROSSING records were microfilmed by INS. They cover _PHONE_ and are indexed. They do not include Canadians before 1906. After September 30, 1906 both Canadians and non-Canadians are included on these lists.
See more information on the St Albans (Canadian Border
Crossing) Lists (including film numbers)


text:
Ketone Formaldehyde Resin
SYNPOL Alkyd Resins form one of the most important group of resins used in the surface coating industry today. SYNPOL manufactures modified alkyd resins. The most common of which, are Acrylic modified alkyds, Silicone modified alkyds & Polyurethane modified alkyds.
- Acrylic Modified Alkyd Resins: These resins are an extension of Styrenated alkyds. They allow for greater formulation because of wide range of acrylic monomers available. These resins have very fast drying rate which helps them to be used in roller coating enamels, metal decoration, industrial fast drying finishes, giving excellent resistance to water, petrol and oil.
- Silicone Modified Alkyd Resins: These resins results in products with superior heat resistance and weathering properties. When silicone modified alkyds are used as sole binder, they are especially suitable for application to stable substrate such as metal and cement. They give high durability coatings that exhibit excellent gloss retention and chalk resistance. Because of heat resistance they have found use where high temperatures are experienced – such as chimneys and flues. Their excellent durability makes them ideal for exterior masonry paints.
- Polyurethane Modified Alkyd Resins: These resins are used as binder where fast drying, hardness and abrasion resistance are required. Polyurethane alkyds are use in wood finishes giving exceptional properties like very high gloss, high mar resistance, resistance to staining, mild acids, alkalies, detergents, water liquors fruit juices etc. Polyurethane alkyds show good drying characteristics. The drying, hardness and block resistance of conventional long oil alkyds can be enhanced by combining with a polyurethane alkyd.


text:
A leaf bud, as distinguished from a flower bud.
A bud spore; one of the small spores or buds in the reproduction of certain Protozoa, which separate one at a time from the parent cell.
n. (L. gemma, a swelling, bud, gem) a bud or outgrowth of a plant which develops into a new organism. A leaf bud rather than a flower bud.
small asexual reproductive structure in e.g. liverworts and mosses that detaches from the parent and develops into a new individual
a group of undifferentiated cells, which when dropped from the parent plant, can grow into a new moss
a small cellular body that separates from the mother-plant and starts a new one
(pl., gemmae) A bud by which some plants propagate.
a bud or bud-like organ capable of reproducing the plant. pl. gemmae.
A young bud from which plants vegetatively reproduce.
A gemma (plural gemmae) is a single cell, or a mass of cells, or a modified bud of tissue, that detaches from the parent and develops into a new individual. It is a means of asexual propagation in plants. These structures are commonly found in fungi, algae, liverworts and mosses, but also in some flowering plants such as pygmy sundews.


Export (0) Print
Expand All
Expand Minimize
18 out of 32 rated this helpful - Rate this topic
Creates a schema in the current database. The CREATE SCHEMA transaction can also create tables and views within the new schema, and set GRANT, DENY, or REVOKE permissions on those objects.
Topic link icon Transact-SQL Syntax Conventions
 ::=
 | AUTHORIZATION owner_name
 | schema_name AUTHORIZATION owner_name
 ::=
 table_definition | view_definition | grant_statement |
 revoke_statement | deny_statement
Is the name by which the schema is identified within the database.
Specifies the name of the database-level principal that will own the schema. This principal may own other schemas, and may not use the current schema as its default schema.
Specifies a CREATE TABLE statement that creates a table within the schema. The principal executing this statement must have CREATE TABLE permission on the current database.
Specifies a CREATE VIEW statement that creates a view within the schema. The principal executing this statement must have CREATE VIEW permission on the current database.
Specifies a GRANT statement that grants permissions on any securable except the new schema.
Specifies a REVOKE statement that revokes permissions on any securable except the new schema.
Specifies a DENY statement that denies permissions on any securable except the new schema.
Note Note
Statements that contain CREATE SCHEMA AUTHORIZATION but do not specify a name are permitted for backward compatibility only.
CREATE SCHEMA can create a schema, the tables and views it contains, and GRANT, REVOKE, or DENY permissions on any securable in a single statement. This statement must be executed as a separate batch. Objects created by the CREATE SCHEMA statement are created inside the schema that is being created.
CREATE SCHEMA transactions are atomic. If any error occurs during the execution of a CREATE SCHEMA statement, none of the specified securables are created and no permissions are granted.
Securables to be created by CREATE SCHEMA can be listed in any order, except for views that reference other views. In that case, the referenced view must be created before the view that references it.
Therefore, a GRANT statement can grant permission on an object before the object itself is created, or a CREATE VIEW statement can appear before the CREATE TABLE statements that create the tables referenced by the view. Also, CREATE TABLE statements can declare foreign keys to tables that are defined later in the CREATE SCHEMA statement.
Note Note
DENY and REVOKE are supported inside CREATE SCHEMA statements. DENY and REVOKE clauses will be executed in the order in which they appear in the CREATE SCHEMA statement.
The principal that executes CREATE SCHEMA can specify another database principal as the owner of the schema being created. This requires additional permissions, as described in the "Permissions" section later in this topic.
The new schema is owned by one of the following database-level principals: database user, database role, or application role. Objects created within a schema are owned by the owner of the schema, and have a NULL principal_id in sys.objects. Ownership of schema-contained objects can be transferred to any database-level principal, but the schema owner always retains CONTROL permission on objects within the schema.
Caution note Caution
When creating a database object, if you specify a valid domain principal (user or group) as the object owner, the domain principal will be added to the database as a schema. The new schema will be owned by that domain principal.
Deprecation Notice
CREATE SCHEMA statements that do not specify a schema name are currently supported for backward compatibility. Such statements do not actually create a schema inside the database, but they do create tables and views, and grant permissions. Principals do not need CREATE SCHEMA permission to execute this earlier form of CREATE SCHEMA, because no schema is being created. This functionality will be removed from a future release of SQL Server.
Requires CREATE SCHEMA permission on the database.
To create an object specified within the CREATE SCHEMA statement, the user must have the corresponding CREATE permission.
To specify another user as the owner of the schema being created, the caller must have IMPERSONATE permission on that user. If a database role is specified as the owner, the caller must have one of the following: membership in the role or ALTER permission on the role.
Note Note
For the backward-compatible syntax, no permissions to CREATE SCHEMA are checked because no schema is being created.
The following example creates schema Sprockets owned by Annik that contains table NineProngs. The statement grants SELECT to Mandar and denies SELECT to Prasanna. Note that Sprockets and NineProngs are created in a single statement.
USE AdventureWorks2012;
 CREATE TABLE NineProngs (source int, cost int, partnumber int)
 GRANT SELECT ON SCHEMA::Sprockets TO Mandar
 DENY SELECT ON SCHEMA::Sprockets TO Prasanna;
Did you find this helpful?
(1500 characters remaining)
Thank you for your feedback
Community Additions
© 2014 Microsoft. All rights reserved.


Scientists freeze water with heat
/ Source: LiveScience
Now researcher Igor Lubomirsky at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, Israel, and his colleagues have discovered another way to control the freezing point of water — via what are called quasi-amorphous pyroelectric thin films. These surfaces change their electrical charge depending on their temperature.
When pyroelectic surfaces are positively charged, water becomes easier to freeze, and when they have a negative charge, it becomes harder to freeze.
The researchers saw that supercooled water could freeze as it's being heated, as long as the temperature changes the surface charge as well. For instance, when supercooled water is on a negatively charged lithium tantalate surface, it will freeze solid immediately when the surface is heated to 17.6 degrees F (minus 8 degrees C) and its charge switches to positive.
Curiously, positively charged surfaces inspire supercooled water to freeze from the bottom up, while negatively charged surfaces cause it to freeze from the top down. This likely has to do with how water molecules orient themselves — the negatively charged oxygen atoms in water molecules naturally point toward positively charged surfaces, while the reverse is true with hydrogen atoms.
"The difference between the positive and negative charge was unexpected," Lubomirsky said.
The scientists detailed their findings in the Feb. 5 issue of the journal Science.


text:
A Message From Jane Tobal, President, Visionary Alternatives
Since our inception in 1998, we have grown and so has our vision. Every year, we receive calls from critically ill patients who are younger and younger. We are becoming increasingly aware that human illness is directly linked to the serious illness we are creating in the environment of our planet. Our original mission was simply to find and fund alternative treatments for the critically ill and to offer information about these options. It is imperative that we make it clear that Personal Health and Planetary Sustainability are intrinsically linked!.
We are expanding our mission for two reasons:
- To increase our funding for the critically ill, we need to reach and educate a larger public. Some potential donors are apprehensive because they don't understand the roots of illness or why alternative therapies work. Education will increase our funding and our ability to help those that are in dire straits.
- More and more seriously ill people contact us, thus the need for education about the root causes of illness are increasing, just as is the need for funding. We need to teach our children so they can become responsible for their own well-being and become better stewards of our earth. Only in this way can we stop the spiral of environmental degradation and human suffering. The undeniable link between personal health and planetary sustainability must be understood.
Join us. Become an active part of our campaign. Become a donor or educator – help save lives. Watch our video now. Decide what you can do today for our future. Thank You.


text:
When a bearing moves circumferentially between the bearing ring and the bearing seat it is said to 'creep'. Bearing creep can occur at the shaft or the housing and the result of excessive creep can include overheating and erosion of smooth bearing surfaces.
Bearings are made to exacting tolerances and they should always be fitted to a shaft and a housing taking these tolerances into consideration. When a bearing is not the right size for the application in which it is used it's inevitable that creep will occur. To stop bearing creep the shaft and the housing to which the bearing is fitted must be thus machined extremely accurately.
If the ring and the seat are to rotate without creep, the bearing should usually have an interference fit or a press fit. A circlip or other type of clamp is also a good idea as this can stop lateral movement.
Even if a bearing is fitted using a press fit, creep can occur if the applied load is not in a direct rotating nature. This will cause the bearing to be either pulled or pushed on the shaft which can cause wear and hence cause creep to occur.


How much is 31 acres?
Convert 31 acres. How big is 31 acres? What is 31 acres in other units? Convert acres, hectares, square cm, ft, in, km, meters, mi, and yards. To calculate, enter your desired inputs, then click calculate. Some units are rounded since conversions between metric and imperial can be messy.
More Conversion below


text:
Fort Nassau. 1 Built (1614) on Castle Island, in the Hudson River, S of Albany, N.Y. The fort served as a trading post for the Dutch until 1617, when it was destroyed by flood and replaced (1624) by Fort Orange, built on the site of Albany. 2 Built (1623) by the Dutch on the eastern bank of the Delaware River near Gloucester City, N.J. The Dutch soon abandoned the fort, but after Swedish colonization in that area, the Dutch reoccupied it. Fear of Swedish competition in the fur trade caused Dutch Gov. Peter Stuyvesant to take over (1655) the Swedish forts on the Delaware basin. After the Swedes evacuated Fort Elfsborg, the Dutch destroyed Fort Nassau.
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
More on Fort Nassau from Infoplease:
See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History


text:
Two scientists from WKU's China Environmental Health Project (CEHP) returned this week from rural southwest China where they trained government scientists in techniques for understanding and protecting karst water resources.
Sean Vanderhoff of Louisville, a recent graduate of WKU master's in geoscience program, joined Dr. Chris Groves, CEHP and Hoffman Institute director, traveling to the Institute of Karst Geology (IKG) in Guilin. There they gave lectures and participated in fieldwork describing specialized methods of underground water tracing to support both water resource protection and joint U.S./China efforts to measure aspects of the global carbon cycle.
The Institute of Karst Geology is China's premier karst research facility and operates under the auspices of the Ministry of Land and Resources. Much of its work is focused on understanding and finding solutions to water supply and quality problems in China's karst regions, which impact tens of millions of mostly rural people.
The China Environmental Health Project, a program of WKU's Hoffman Environmental Research Institute, works to develop partnerships in China and internationally to enhance China's academic capacity building in environmental health and resource protection. Through 30 WKU trips to China since 1995, and supported by numerous visits of Chinese scientists to WKU, the joint teams have set up laboratories, implemented training seminars and fieldwork for scientists and government officials, and published papers in scientific journals. Most of this work has been under the auspices of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
The pair gave several lectures and conducted fieldwork in the Maocun Groundwater Basin near Guilin, which is a sister research site with Lost River Cave in Bowling Green. Vanderhoff also visited Southwest University in Chongqing to evaluate conditions at a groundwater tracing laboratory there established by CEHP in 2007, and he also gave several more lectures to about 50 scientists and graduate students.
"This was the perfect opportunity for Sean to use the experience he developed as a graduate student at WKU to help our Chinese colleagues develop new skills in groundwater protection," Groves said. "The same technology is also providing direct benefits to China's serious efforts to quantify CO2 budgeting and how it is impacting climate change."
The trip and related efforts were supported by matching grants from the Chinese government and WKU's Office of Research through its Research and Creative Activity (RCAP) Program.
Dr. David Keeling, Geography and Geology Department Head, noted: "Dr. Groves' engagement with the Chinese on matters of global scientific importance is a wonderful example of WKU's international reach. Our mission in the department is to engage with communities across the planet to help address the most pressing resource issues of the 21st century. The CEHP is one of many exciting opportunities for faculty, students, and colleagues directed by the Hoffman Institute that are making a real difference in people's lives."
Contact: Chris Groves, _PHONE_.


Shellfish's Mysterious Pathways to Adulthood : Image
It's hard to tell the difference among early larval stages of various shellfish. But under polarized light, different species of larvae show different birefringence patterns, based on the crystal orientation of the calcium-containing minerals that make up their shells. Later-staged larvae begin to have body shapes that makes them easier to distinguish.


text:
Turn to Exotic Resources for Home Decor
Many of us strive to be different and stand out from current trends. You can make your home unique by using uncommon objects and ideas. In our post today read about how to use exotic resources in your home.
Since the 19th century, world-travelers have brought home a number of curious things from their travel destinations: Africa, Asia, the Pacific Islands, South America, etc. At home, they could showcase their collection or sell them like museum articles.
All of those pieces spoke of faraway lands and cultures. Today, you can have your own exotic pieces in your own home decor.
Exotic decor resources
These exotic pieces can offer home decor that stands out. In short, they're not your everyday decor because they come from cultures different than our own.
They draw us back to the romantic mindset of the 19th century where people dreamed of new, mysterious worlds after seeing such treasures with their own eyes.
So it's no wonder that the designs, colors, appearances and overall aesthetics of exotic products can make a deep impression. They're different and naturally draw attention.
— Exotic resources can open up a wide range of decor possibilities. —
African decor, furniture, and accessories alike share an African essence. What are some examples of the decor you can find from Africa?
- Masks, shields, and spears. These have a simple design with basic lines and a limited color palette. The color palette might use 2 or 3 colors.
- Zebra skin rugs. The rugs don't have to be real. Today, you can actually find many products that imitate animal skin.
- Clay jars and vases. Artisan products – these reflect the handcrafts and creativity in Africa.
- Pictures. These usually show desserts, jungles, animals, abstract figures, etc.
- Burnt colors should predominate the color palette. Beige, browns, ocher, pomegranate red, etc.
Indian decor provides amazing possibilities for interior designers. They can play with taking exotic inspiration and fitting it into Western or European interiors.
- For starters, intense colors should take center stage. Try reds, oranges, yellows, greens, blues, pinks, etc. And you don't have to balance them out. You can fit various color palettes into the same room.
- Rugs and tapestries. They're full of colors and patterns with simple, basic designs.
- Couches, pillows, and cushions. Try a solid color for your couch. In addition, your pillows or cushions could like great with embellishing details like tassels.
- Curtains. Make sure they're colorful, long and semi-translucent.
-Asian decor has fascinated western artists and interior designers throughout history. What can you find here?
- Furniture. Low pieces that might even touch the floor. Many are designed to make the most of the space. Make sure you accompany them with thin, solid-colored rugs.
- Lighting. -Gentle, circular-shaped light fixtures like Chinese lamps. While you can find them in a huge variety, try to keep a geometric standard. In addition, natural light is also very important in Asian decor but windows will often have a shade.
- The color of the furniture and walls should be subtle. Try to keep things simple.
- Feel free to hang up pictures, calligraphy or anything else that evokes Asian culture.


text:
By Paula Briggs and Rowan Briggs Smith
This resource shares a session with children aged 6 and 7, exploring the illustration's of Maurice Sendak from Where the Wild Things Are. In particular the session looks at the kinds of marks Maurice made to create a sense adventure, and prepares the ground for the exploration to come, which will evolve into colour, collage and sculpture.
You Will Need:
- Colour copies of close-up images of Maurice Sendak's Where the Wild Things Are.
- Three pens for each child: black handwriting pen (fine), black Sharpie (medium), black marker pen (bold)
- Sketchbooks or paper.
- Soft toys (children brought their favourite soft toy).
Time: 1 hr
- An exploration of mark making (in sketchbooks) and then applying this knowledge in a drawing.
- An understanding of how using different pens and holding them in different ways can affect the marks we make, and how we can use those marks to make interesting drawings.
- Beginning an understanding of how the artist (Maurice Sendak) used marks to build his images.
- This session is a spring board for the next session in the series.
To access all content, I would like to join as…
AccessArt is a UK Charity and we believe everyone has the right to be creative. AccessArt provides inspiration to help us all reach our creative potential.
Add to favorites


text:
Sir Vincent WigglesworthArticle Free Pass
Sir Vincent Wigglesworth, (born April 17, 1899, Kirkham, Lancashire, Eng.—died Feb. 11, 1994, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire), English entomologist, noted for his contribution to the study of insect physiology. His investigations of the living insect body and its tissues and organs revealed much about the dynamic complexity of individual insects and their interactions with the environment. His Insect Physiology (1934) is often considered the foundation for this branch of entomology.
After military service in France during World War I, Wigglesworth completed his education at the University of Cambridge and St. Thomas' Hospital in London. He lectured in medical entomology at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and later was reader in entomology first at the University of London, then at Cambridge. In 1943 he was appointed director of the Agricultural Research Council Unit of Insect Physiology in Cambridge. He was knighted in 1964.
Among Wigglesworth's most significant discoveries were those concerned with metamorphosis, particularly the control of form and growth. In insects such as the South American blood-sucking bug Rhodnius prolixis, Wigglesworth was able to determine that a crucial growth hormone was produced in the neurosecretory cells of its brain, the first experimental demonstration of the function of such cells. He then discovered another hormone that actually prevented the development of adult characteristics in R. prolixis until the insect had reached the appropriate larval stage. Wigglesworth found that this hormone, which he called the juvenile hormone, was produced in the region of the endocrine gland known as the corpus allatum. He found that he could radically distort the developmental phases of his insect subjects by a selective manipulation of their hormonal levels. Finally, Wigglesworth was thus able to formulate a coherent theory of insect metamorphosis involving the selective activation by hormones of the insect's genetic components, which in turn determine its morphology and developmental character. Besides making these discoveries, Wigglesworth isolated the properties of various insect enzymes and the mechanism for the hatching of insect eggs.
What made you want to look up "Sir Vincent Wigglesworth"? Please share what surprised you most...


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Why was "wani" (crocodile or alligator) chosen as a term for a gawker at a konyoku (mixed gender onsen)?
Was it because of the animal's ability to stare, the fact that it is a predator, or was it named after a similarly named onsen?
share|improve this question
Just for consideration, "buaya" is a Malay word that means crocodile that is used (at least in Singapore) as a term for a similar thing (sleazy men). – Flaw Feb 27 '12 at 11:02
_USER_: good point. in English, the term "lizard" or "reptile" can mean a sleazy man. – Andrew Grimm Feb 27 '12 at 11:07
It's interesting to note such cross-language similarities. – Flaw Feb 27 '12 at 11:09
Just a suggestion: You often need to be careful when romanizing ん. konyoku is こにょく. I assume that you mean kon'yoku. – Dono Feb 27 '12 at 11:50
_USER_ I also didn't know this usage. Either way, it's a slang. No problem not knowing it. – user458 Feb 28 '12 at 6:42
2 Answers 2
up vote 8 down vote accepted
I think that modern common sense would assume that men at kon'yoku who wait for women to come would be similar to the crocodile who quietly waits for their prey. However, while easily understandable, think that is folk etymology.
The term is used outside of hot springs as well. Also, you need to remember that crocodiles originally did not originally habitat Japan. The term wani originally referred to another creature, generally thought to be a type of shark.
Early citations for this usage may be found from the early 18th century. It seems that it is an analogy to these ferocious shark predators.
share|improve this answer
what's the difference between kon'yoku and konyoku? – Mansuro Mar 1 '12 at 18:40
They are pronounced differently. In the first, there are four mora or beats: ko-n-yo-ku. The medial -n- is the so-called uvular nasal ɴ and is also known as the moraic n. In the later, there are three mora or beats: ko-nyo-ku. The medial -n- is alveolar nasal n and followed by yo in the same mora. And of course they are spelled differently as well: こんよく vs. こにょく. Romanization distinguishes between these two as kon'yoku and konyoku. The'indicates that the previous n ends and that it should not be read along with the following sound. – Dono Mar 1 '12 at 22:18
Crocodiles are ambush predators; they hide mostly inside water and wait for prey to come within striking distance as a means of predation. By analogy to this, men who wait for women in mixed-bathing hot springs are called ワニ.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


text:
ESG & Solar
Solar is a straightforward ESG solution
Learn how Aspen Power can help you create the sustainable energy future while adhering to a deﬁned set of values that promote and sustain relationships based on high ethical standards and personal integrity.
Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) linked investments continue to surge in both size and influence.
Having quantifiable green goals is paramount for companies to develop ESG as a core competency and a source of differentiation. However, often ESG solutions are complicated, requiring extensive evaluation and dedicated resources.
Solar can be a timely and profitable solution that Aspen Power can help to implement.
Solar as an ESG solution is:
Solar is a straightforward ESG solution – it doesn't require behavior change.
Solar has immediate impact on the 'E' in ESG – once a system is energized, it begins decarbonizing.
Solar can drive cost reductions, earn tax credits and generate income.
Frequently Asked Questions
Aspen Power regularly addresses the evolving ESG requirements that our clients face. Questions we can help to answer include:
- Can't we just solve our decarbonization challenges by purchasing renewable energy credits (RECs)?
- Most ESG solutions seem complicated, expensive, and difficult to measure. How is solar any different?
- Is solar gaining traction as an ESG solution because of mandates (corporate or government), the perceived stability of rates, or due to the competitive price of renewable energy?
- What are the ESG metrics that customers and investors care about and how can they be tracked?
- Are ESG mandates really mandatory, or can we just do the minimum to "tick the box"?
- Do ESG solutions impact the bottom line? Are customers and investors willing to pay more for green energy solutions?
- What are my options if my commercial tenants are interested in ESG solutions?
- What role should ESG considerations take in corporate renewable energy procurement?


text:
Latest Blog Posts
What colors are best for emergency signage? A research team lead by Kinateder determined that when study "Participants were immersed in a virtual room with two doors (left and right), and an illuminated sign with different colored vertical bars above each door.... On each trial, a fire alarm sounded, and participants walked to the door that they thought was the exit.... Participants predominantly walked toward green signs, even though the exit signs in the local environment—including the building where the experiment took place—were red. However, in a post-experiment survey, most participants reported that exit signs should be red. The results demonstrated a dissociation between the way observers thought they would behave in emergency situations (red = exit) and the way they did behave in simulated emergencies (green = exit). These findings have implications for the design of evacuation systems."
Max Kinateder, William Warren, and Karen Schloss. 2018. "What Color Are Emergency Exit Signs? Egress Behavior Differs from Verbal Report." Applied Ergonomics, vol. 75, pp. 155-160, _URL_
The professional implications of dynamic office workstations (DOWs) were evaluated by Schellewald, Kleinert, and Ellegast. They conducted "a 12 week observational study, 36 employees were given free access to eight DOWs (cycling devices). Characteristics of use (i.e., frequency, duration, speed, variation of speed) were self-determined but registered objectively for every event of use.... employees rated their well-being immediately before (pre) and after (post) using a DOW....we found significant relationships between positive changes in the dimensions recovery, calm, and mood on the one hand and specific characteristics of use (i.e. duration, speed and variation of speed) on the other hand. Therefore it can be assumed, that there are possible dose-response relationships between characteristics of use of DOWs and positive changes of well-being. The implementation of DOWs might be a way to contribute to workers' psychological health."
V. Schellewald, J. Kleinert, and R. Ellegast. 2019. "Evaluating Relationships Between the Use of Dynamic Office Workstations (DOWs) and well-being." Wellbeing at Work in a Changing World: Challenges and Opportunities, Book of Abstracts, Paris, May 22-24, p. 135.
Cajochen and colleagues investigated the effects of using LEDs that mimic daylight on user experience. They "tested an LED lighting solution mimicking a daylight spectrum.... young males twice spent 49 hours in the laboratory under a conventional-LED and under a daylight-LED condition.... volunteers had better visual comfort, felt more alert and happier in the morning and evening under daylight LED than conventional LED, while the diurnal melatonin profile, psychomotor vigilance and working memory performance were not significantly different." Details on the light sources: "the spectral composition of the two LED types was different.... The blue peak in the conLED was more pronounced at 450 nm as compared to a smoother spectrum of the dayLED. The dayLED had a higher spectral irradiance below 440, between 460 and 520 and over 620 nm, so it was more closely matched to daylight."
C. Cajochen, M. Freyburger, T. Basishvili, C. Garbazza, F. Rudzik, C. Renz, K. Kobayashi, Y. Shirakawa, O. Stefani, and J. Weibel. "Effect of Daylight LED on Visual Comfort, Melatonin, Mood, Waking Performance and Sleep." Lighting Research and Technology, in press, _URL_
Huang and colleagues studied preferences for different lighting conditions. They investigated "the correlation between the perceived whiteness of lighting and the corresponding colour preference of observers.... meta-analysis results confirm our former statement that people prefer whiter illumination.... it was further demonstrated that for the scenarios with multiple correlated colour temperatures ranging from 2500 K to 5500 K people indeed preferred perceptually whiter light chromaticities, while for correlated colour temperatures higher than 5500 K it seemed that they appeared too cold to be preferred."
Z. Huang, Q. Liu, M. Luo, M. Pointer, B. Wu, and A. Liu. "The Whiteness of Lighting and Colour Preference, Part 2: A Meta-Analysis of Psychophysical Data." Lighting Research and Technology, in press, _URL_
How are crime and the amount of walking done in that area related? Foster and teammates found that "Interrelationships between neighborhood walkability, area disadvantage, and crime may contribute to the inconsistent associations between crime and walking.... Participants... from 200 neighborhoods spanning the most and least disadvantaged in Brisbane, Australia, completed a questionnaire and objective measures were generated for the individual-level 1,000-m neighborhood.... High perceived crime was associated with reduced odds of transport walking, whereas high objective crime was associated with increased odds of transport walking. Patterns did not differ by neighborhood disadvantage." Developing neighborhoods that encourage walking is often an important design goal.
Sarah Foster, Paula Hooper, Nicola Burton, Wendy Brown, Billie Giles-Corti, Jerome Rachele, and Gavin Turrell. "Safe Habitats: Does the Association Between Neighborhood Crime and Walking Differ By Neighborhood Disadvantage?" Environment and Behavior, in press, _URL_
Hubner and Fillinger investigated how the apparent balance and stability of elements in images influenced how much they were liked. They determined that "for the multiple-element stimuli, there was a positive relation between balance/stability and liking.... each element in a picture has a certain visual 'weight' depending on its features like size, shape, and color (Arnheim, 1954).... a heavy weight located on one side of the fulcrum can be balanced by a lighter weight positioned further away on the other side.... Pierce (1894) observed that balance is mainly applied for the horizontal arrangement of elements, whereas for vertical arrangements stability plays a greater role. For instance, pictures were preferred when they had more weight in their lower part rather than in their upper half..... pictures were rated as more balanced if the center of mass was closer to the geometric center of the picture." The authors point out that balance/stability are just two of the factors that can influence visual preference.
Ronald Hubner and Martin Fillinger. "Perceptual Balance, Stability, and Aesthetic Appreciation: Their Relations Depend on the Picture Type." i-Perception, in press, DOI: 10.1177/2041669519856040
Stork and colleagues investigated how music influenced mood and enjoyment of sprint interval training (SIT). They determined that "Motivational music enhanced affect [mood] and enjoyment of sprint interval training (SIT). Heart rate and peak power output were elevated during SIT in the music condition. Perceived exertion was similar across music, podcast, and no-audio SIT conditions.... While sprint interval training (SIT) is time-efficient and can elicit meaningful health benefits among adults who are insufficiently active, one major drawback is that people can find it to be unpleasant.... effects of researcher-selected motivational music during a low-volume SIT protocol performed by insufficiently active adults [were investigated].... The application of music during SIT has the potential to enhance feelings of pleasure, improve enjoyment, and elevate performance of SIT for adults who are insufficiently active, which may ultimately lead to better adherence to this type of exercise." Music played by researchers was described as fast-tempo and "upbeat." Study participants listened to the selected music, podcasts, or neither the music nor the podcasts.
Matthew Stork, Costas Karageorghis, Kathleen Ginnis. "Let's Go: Psychological, Psychophysical, and Physiological Effects of Music During Sprint Interval Exercise." Psychology of Sport and Exercise, in press, _URL_
Research conducted by Cohen and her colleagues indicates that smells influence our memory performance; which can support strategic scentscaping of environments. The investigators had participants complete "an olfactory Pavlovian category conditioning task in which trial-unique exemplars from one of two categories were partially reinforced with an aversive odor. Participants then returned 24 h later to complete a recognition memory test. We found better corrected recognition memory for the reinforced versus the unreinforced category of stimuli in both adults and adolescents. Further analysis revealed that enhanced recognition memory was driven specifically by better memory for the reinforced exemplars. Autonomic arousal during learning was also related to subsequent memory. These findings build on previous work in adolescent and adult humans and rodents showing comparable acquisition of aversive Pavlovian conditioned responses across age groups and demonstrate that memory for stimuli with an acquired aversive association is enhanced in both adults and adolescents." So, memories formed are stronger when an unpleasant smell is present when whatever is to be remembered is initially experienced. In the Cohen-lead study, participants reported smells that they thought were unpleasant before the data gathering began and unpleasant smells used included manure and rotting fish.
Alexandra Cohen, Nicholas Matese, Anastasia Filim


text:
Shunqi Zhang: Smart structures
Design, modeling and simulation of piezoelectric integrated smart structures
Shanghai, China: Shanghai University
Department of Precision Mechanical Engineering
Dr.-Ing Shunqi Zhang is Associate Professor at the School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, China. He obtained the doctoral degree from RWTH Aachen University, Germany; obtained the Master and bachelor's degrees from Northwestern Polytechnical University. His research focuses on modeling of multi-physics coupled structures, design of high-performance smart structures, active vibration control, computation of composite structures, system dynamic testing, and advanced mechatronic equipment.
Thin-walled structures with integrated smart materials e.g. piezoelectric, magnetostrictive, so-called smart structures, are increasingly applied in the fields of civil, automotive and aerospace engineering for vibration control, shape control, energy harvesting and health monitoring. This project focuses on the design, modeling and simulation of piezoelectric smart structures. First, a smart structure integrated with piezoelectric materials will be designed. Afterwards, the designed structure will be modeled and simulated in commercial the finite element software ABAQUS.


text:
Dr. John Hogness, the first president of the Institute of Medicine who shaped it into an unbiased critic of the U.S. healthcare system, died July 2 of heart and kidney failure at the University of Washington's Wallingford retirement center. He was 85.
The announcement was made by the university, where Dr. Hogness served as dean of the medical school, vice president of health sciences and, ultimately, as president.
The Institute of Medicine in Washington, D.C., was a creation of the National Academy of Sciences, which was chartered by Congress in 1863 to provide advice on all facets of science. In the 1960s, the academy concluded that the burgeoning growth of medical research and treatments required a dedicated organization, and the institute was formed in 1970. Dr. Hogness took office with a handful of prestigious physicians as members and a single staffer.
He "had no precedents to follow, and that suited him well," said institute president Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg. "What he did from the outset was set a high standard for excellence in our work and to translate into practice the values of independent judgment, balanced expertise and neutral convening power that guide the (institute) to this day."
Dr. Hogness pledged that the institute would operate "without an ax to grind in terms of a specific constituency."
He worked to keep the organization apolitical, resisting the pleas of lawmakers who wanted the institute to support various bills related to medical issues. He vowed that the institute would speak out on issues only when it could do so in an authoritative voice.
One early institute study, for example, involved the health effects of abortion, which was then as now a highly controversial issue. Dr. Hogness kept the committee members focused on the science, which could be well supported, and away from the ethics of the issue.
During Dr. Hogness' tenure, President Nixon declared a "war on cancer," and one byproduct of Nixon's campaign was the proposed establishment of the National Cancer Institute as a separate body from the National Institutes of Health. Hogness played a key role in keeping the NCI within the NIH, where he thought it would function more effectively.
Dr. Hogness also initiated a study of the actual costs of medical education, the first such study to be conducted.
He was a widely published commentator on the U.S. healthcare system and on challenges facing medical schools, health professional schools and teaching hospitals. Dr. Hogness was particularly interested in advancing the roles of nurses and physician assistants.
He left his institute post after three years to become president of the University of Washington during a period marked by a variety of problems and confrontations with students.
His proudest accomplishment as president, he later said, was the establishment of a regional medical program that encompassed five northwestern states -- Washington, Wyoming, Alaska, Montana and Idaho. Of those, only Washington had a medical school.
Young physicians in training at Washington spend time working throughout the region with the goal of eventually entering practice there. Other universities have since emulated the program.
John Rusten Hogness was born June 27, 1922, in Oakland, Calif. His father, Thorfin, was a physical chemist who helped develop the atomic bomb as part of the Manhattan Project, then taught at the University of Chicago, where John received his undergraduate and medical degrees.
After a stint in the Army and an internship at Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center in New York, he took a post as chief medical resident at King County Hospital, now Harborview Medical Center in Seattle, in part because his wife was from the region. He practiced endocrinology for seven years in the area, teaching part time at the university, before accepting a full-time post.
"People liked John and John liked people," Dr. Clement Finch, one of the original faculty members of the university's school of medicine, wrote in his history of the medical school.
His first wife, Katharine, died in 2004. He is survived by his second wife, Margaret; three daughters, Karen Hogness of Charlemont, Mass., Suze Rutherford and Jody Hazen of Snoqualmie, Wash.; two sons, Rusten of Santa Cruz, Calif., and David, a physician in the United Arab Emirates; and four stepchildren, Tyler, Peg, Terry and Tom. *


sponsored by Maple Ridge
Health & Fitness News Elsewhere [fresh daily from the Web]
FTC tosses guidance on tar, nicotine in cigarettes
Send a link to a friend
[November 28, 2008] WASHINGTON (AP) -- The cigarette industry for 42 years has made factual claims about tar and nicotine levels based on machine testing blessed by the Federal Trade Commission.
Now the FTC has dropped the test, known as the Cambridge Filter Method, like a hot rock.
HardwareThe commission has rescinded guidance it issued 42 years ago, saying the test method is flawed. It also said the resulting marketing touting tar and nicotine levels could cause consumers to believe that lighter cigarettes were safer.
As a result, future advertising that lists tar levels for cigarettes won't be able to use terms such as "by FTC method."
The commission rescinded the guidance by a 4-0 vote.
Under the current system, cigarettes with a tar rate above 15 milligrams per cigarette are commonly referred to by the industry as "full flavor." Cigarettes with a tar rating of less than 15 milligrams are referred to as "low" or "light." Cigarettes with a tar rate below 6 are described as "ultra low" or "ultra light."
The National Cancer Institute found that changes in cigarette design reduced the amount of tar and nicotine measured by smoking machines using the Cambridge Filter Method. However, there was no evidence those changes reduced disease for smokers. The machine doesn't take into account the way smokers adjust their behavior, such as taking more or deeper puffs to maintain nicotine levels.
"The most important aspect of this decision is that it says to consumers that tobacco industry claims relating to tar and nicotine are at best flawed and most likely misleading," said Matthew Myers, president of the Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids.
The commission said it originally believed in the 1960s that giving consumers uniform, standardized information about tar and nicotine yields of cigarettes would help them make informed decisions about cigarettes. At the time, most public health officials believed that reducing the amount of tar in a cigarette could reduce a smoker's risk of lung cancer. However, that premise is no longer valid.
Sen. Frank Lautenberg, D-N.J., introduced legislation this year that would prohibit companies from making claims based on data derived from the FTC's testing method, but the bill did not make it to the full Senate for a vote.
[to top of second column]
Nursing Homes
"Tobacco companies can no longer rely on the government to back up a flawed testing method that tricks smokers into thinking these cigarettes deliver less tar and nicotine," Lautenberg said.
One FTC commissioner, Pamela Jones Harbor, urged Congress to approve the regulation of tobacco by the Food and Drug Administration. The bill would authorize government scientists to track, analyze and regulate the components of cigarettes.
Tobacco companies have stated clearly over the years that there is no such thing as a safe cigarette. In a statement, Philip Morris USA, the nation's largest tobacco company, said it remains committed to working with the FTC and other federal authorities to identify and adopt testing that improves on the Cambridge method.
The FTC noted that all four major domestic cigarette makers told commissioners the 1966 guidance should be retained until a replacement test method was approved.
Philip Morris warned commissioners that elimination of the guidance could lead to a new "tar derby" in which cigarette makers would use different methods of measuring the yields in their cigarettes, thereby leading to greater consumer confusion.
On the Net:
Federal Trade Commission: _URL_
[Associated Press; By KEVIN FREKING]
Nursing Homes
< Recent articles
Back to top
Calendar | Letters to the Editor


text: Thorfinn.au sends along big physics news: magnetic monopoles have been detected at low temperatures in "Dirac strings" within a single crystal of Dysprosium Titanate. Two papers are being published today in the journal Science and two more on arXiv.org, as yet unpublished, provide further evidence. "Theoretical work had shown that monopoles probably exist, and they have been measured indirectly. But the Science papers are the first direct experiments to record the monopole's effects on the spin-ice material. The papers use neutrons to detect atoms in the crystal aligned into long daisy chains. These daisy chains tie each north and south monopole together. Known as 'Dirac strings,' the chains, as well as the existence of monopoles, were predicted in the 1930s by the British theoretical physicist Paul Dirac. Heat measurements in one paper also support the monopole argument. The two, as yet unpublished, papers on arXiv add to the evidence. The first provides additional observations, and the second uses a new technique to determine the magnetic charge of each monopole to be 4.6x10-13 joules per tesla metre. All together, the evidence for magnetic monopoles 'is now overwhelming,' says Steve Bramwell, a materials scientist at University College London and author on one of the Science papers and one of the arXiv papers."


text:
Managed in cooperation with the
Florida Forest Service
J. Hart for the Florida Forest Service
The Four Creeks State Forest and Wildlife Management Area (WMA) occupies 13,060 acres within the 13,147-acre Four Creeks State Forest, located just north of Jacksonville in southern Nassau County. Within the region, the forest provides valuable flood and water quality protection and provides healthy, diverse habitats for wildlife and nature-based recreational opportunities. The area is named for the four creeks associated with the property: Alligator, Thomas, Boggy and Plummer creeks, which join together to form the headwaters of the Nassau River. The Nassau River borders the southeastern portion of the property and flows into Nassau Sound and then into the Atlantic Ocean. Thomas Creek and its associated floodplain form the southern border of the WMA.
Much of the upland portions consist of pine flatwoods. Wetland habitats include swamps, cypress domes and tidal marsh. The floodplain swamps border the creeks and are dominated by cypress, tupelo and titi. The Florida Forest Service manages the area using a combination of timber harvesting, groundcover restoration, reforestation and controlled burns. The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission administers hunting related activities. Wildlife is abundant on the area and includes deer, turkey, wild hog, gopher tortoise, wading birds and numerous species of resident and migratory songbirds. Turtles and otters may occur along the creek.
Recreational opportunities on the area include hunting, wildlife viewing, hiking, horseback riding, bicycling, fishing and paddling. Currently, there are no designated trail systems, but twenty-four miles of unpaved roads are open for exploration. In rainy weather, some roads may become impassable for two-wheel drive vehicles. Camping is not permitted. Trail systems and public camping facilities may be developed by the Florida Forest Service within the next five years. Several natural boat landings on the creeks make it easy to launch canoes and kayaks. A public boat ramp is located on the Nassau River, at the end of Edwards Road, off of A1A. Between September and April, high-quality quota hunts take place on limited days. They include seasons for archery, muzzleloading gun, family hunt, general gun, small game, spring turkey and migratory bird. Fishing is permitted year-round. The WMA is open to the public from 1.5 hours before sunrise to 1.5 hours after sunset, year-round. Check the area regulations (link below) for more detailed information about hunting seasons.
For more information: Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, _PHONE_, _URL_ Florida Forest Service _PHONE_, _URL_ Forests.
Rules Regarding Dogs
- For purposes other than hunting, dogs are allowed, but must be kept under physical restraint at all times. Dogs are prohibited in areas posted as "Closed to Public Access" by FWC administrative action. No person shall allow any dog to pursue or molest any wildlife during any period in which the taking of wildlife by the use of dogs is prohibited.
- Hunting dogs may be taken onto the WMA after 8 a.m. the day before the opening of a season and shall be removed by 6 p.m. one day after the end of the season. Hunting with dogs is prohibited, except with bird dogs during the samll game season and waterfowl retrievers during any waterfowl season. Dogs are prohibited in areas posted as "Closed to Public Access" by FWC administrative action. No person shall allow any dog to pursue or molest any wildlife during any period in which the taking of wildlife by the use of dogs is prohibited. Dogs on leashes may be used for trailing wounded game.
Visit the Florida Forest Service web site for Four Creeks State Forest.
View FWC's Regulations Summary for Four Creeks State Forest and Wildlife Management Area for an area map, hunting seasons, permits, fees, and area regulations.


1. HOME
 2. Overview
 3. Policy and Structure
Policy and Structure
The new Research Center for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention has three units. The "Future Epidemiology Research Unit" aims to discover unknown viruses, the "Crisis Management Unit" aims to predict and prevent future outbreaks of infectious diseases, and the "Management Unit" manages these studies. The main objective is to train students who can put "Epidemiology and Prevention®" into practice and spread it throughout society. Small things can be done at any time. To accomplish big things, we need to exert efforts. Through our efforts, we will contribute to society through "Epidemiology and Prevention®".
Mission of this center
1. To become the world's number one in the annual number of papers on "novel viruses".
2. To predict future infectious diseases and commercialize countermeasures.
3. To build a network of animal infectious diseases in Japan and overseas and to be trusted and appreciated by both humans and animals.


text:
Adventure Sport Physiology
This price is valid for United States. Change location to view local pricing and availability.
This book provides students and professionals with a well-written, accessible introduction to the science underlying a variety of adventure sports. Written specifically for this increasingly popular field of study, the text has been divided into two parts: the first provides the foundations for adventure physiology, the second the specific physiological and environmental demands of a range of adventure sports including kayaking, canoeing, sailing, windsurfing, climbing, mountaineering and skiing.
Written by two adventure sports performers with extensive teaching and coaching experience, this book will prove invaluable to students taking courses in adventure and outdoor education and professional instructors involved in such activities. In addition, students of sport and exercise science and physical education will find this an excellent introduction to the physiological response to exercise.
Clearly explains the basic physiological principles and applies them to a variety of land and water-based sports.
In full colour throughout, the book includes numerous illustrations, together with key points and chapter summaries to reinforce learning.
Contains original pieces from elite and high-level athletes describing the physiological demands of their particular sport in a real-world context. These include London sports personality of the year Anna Hemmings, respected climbers Dave Macleod and Neil Gresham, and Olympic medallists Tim Brabants and Ben Ainslie.
Dedicated web site contains an original sample training programme and a set of adventure sport specific exercises.


Skip to main content
eCommons@Cornell >
Cornell University Graduate School >
Theses and Dissertations (OPEN) >
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
Authors: Ikeya, Chie
Keywords: gender, history, modernity, Burma, women, colonialism, nationalism, Southeast Asia, Buddhism, feminism, plural society
Issue Date: 6-Dec-2005
Abstract: This dissertation is the first social history of twentieth century colonial Burma to analyze the central role gender played in discourses of colonialism, modernity, and nationalism. It revises the dominant historiography on colonial Burma that reifies and overly emphasizes the significance of ethnicity and is principally concerned with the identification of the origins of the Burmese nationalist movement. This dissertation redresses in particular the occlusion of women and draws attention to the multiple connections between gender and both sides of the colonial struggle, colonial and anti-colonial. Through an interwoven analysis of English and Burmese sources ranging from census reports and confidential memos to missionary pamphlets, fashion advertising, and serialized fiction, my research investigates the emergence of colonial discourses concerning Burmese women and the explosion of censorious and misogynistic representations of "the modern girl" during a formative period that defined Burma's transition from a pre-modern polity to a modern nation-state. What interests motivated these discourses and representations? Why were there no parallel discourses concerning men or masculinity? I argue that modern colonial rule produced a set of conditions in which colonizing and colonized women and men in unequal relations of power co-authored essentially gendered discourses and binary representations of "East" and "West," "tradition" and "modernity," "Buddhist" and "secular," and "colony" and "nation." The socio-historical conditions I attend to include: the large influx of single male immigrants from England and British India; the establishment of secular government-funded educational institution; the formation of a new textual culture which was founded on popular print and visual media; and the centrality of "the status of women" to the colonial civilizing mission and the modernization projects of the indigenous elite. My study examines the complex and sometimes contradictory effects these conditions had on the status of women in colonial Burma and on the emergence of a popular discourse on "Burmese women" that became a privileged idiom for articulating, interpreting, and discussing new and old social inequities.
Description: Tamara Loos, Eric Tagaliacozzo, Anne Blackburn
Appears in Collections:Theses and Dissertations (OPEN)
Files in This Item:
File Description SizeFormat
CIdissertationpartone.pdfdissertation part one2.85 MBAdobe PDFView/Open
CIdissertationparttwo.pdfdissertation part two11.11 MBAdobe PDFView/Open
CIdissertationpartthree.pdfdissertation part three6.43 MBAdobe PDFView/Open
Refworks Export
© 2014 Cornell University Library Contact Us


text:
Pronunciation: (shad'ō), [key]
1. a dark figure or image cast on the ground or some surface by a body intercepting light.
2. shade or comparative darkness, as in an area.
3. shadows,darkness, esp. that coming after sunset.
4. shelter; protection: sanctuary in the shadow of the church.
5. a slight suggestion; trace: beyond the shadow of a doubt.
6. a specter or ghost: pursued by shadows.
7. a hint or faint, indistinct image or idea; intimation: shadows of things to come.
8. a mere semblance: the shadow of power.
9. a reflected image.
10. (in painting, drawing, graphics, etc.)
a. the representation of the absence of light on a form.
b. the dark part of a picture, esp. as representing the absence of illumination: Rembrandt's figures often emerge gradually from the shadows.
11. (in architectural shades and shadows) a dark figure or image cast by an object or part of an object upon a surface that would otherwise be illuminated by the theoretical light source. Cf. shade (def. 16).
12. a period or instance of gloom, unhappiness, mistrust, doubt, dissension, or the like, as in friendship or one's life: Their relationship was not without shadows.
13. a dominant or pervasive threat, influence, or atmosphere, esp. one causing gloom, fear, doubt, or the like: They lived under the shadow of war.
14. an inseparable companion: The dog was his shadow.
15. a person who follows another in order to keep watch upon that person, as a spy or detective.
1. to overspread with shadow; shade.
2. to cast a gloom over; cloud: The incident shadowed their meeting.
3. to screen or protect from light, heat, etc.; shade.
4. to follow (a person) about secretly, in order to keep watch over his movements.
5. to represent faintly, prophetically, etc. (often fol. by forth).
6. Archaic.to shelter or protect.
7. Archaic.to shade in painting, drawing, etc.
1. of or pertaining to a shadow cabinet.
2. without official authority: a shadow government.
Random House Unabridged Dictionary, Copyright © 1997, by Random House, Inc., on Infoplease.


Skip to main content
Are you a legal professional? Visit our professional site
Search for legal issues
For help near (city, ZIP code or county)
Please enter a legal issue and/or a location
Tips for Unmarried Parents Who Want to Raise Children Together
Not everyone who raises children wants to get married, even if they all live together happily under the same roof. But while living together as a married couple can be plenty complicated, especially if you have children, this is often magnified without the legal protections of marriage. But if you educate yourself and plan ahead, many of these complications can be avoided.
Below are some tips for unmarried parents who want to raise children together.
Ensure Both Unmarried Parents' Names Are on the Birth Certificate
One of the best tips for unmarried parents is to include both names on the birth certificate, thus ensuring that they're both the legal parents. This will give each parent legal rights and responsibilities such as custody rights, visitation rights, and child support.
Any child born to a married, opposite-sex couple is legally presumed to be the child of the husband. But when the parents are unmarried, there's no such presumption. Therefore, most states require unmarried fathers to sign an affidavit acknowledging their paternity. It's best that both parents sign and notarize a written statement acknowledging the unmarried father's paternity.
Your state's Bureau of Vital Statistics keeps records of all birth certificates. Check with your own state's bureau to make sure that your paternity affidavit is on file, which also is where you'll go to add a parent to your child's birth certificate.
Choose a Last Name of Your Liking
Most states allow any name to be placed on a child's birth certificate. This includes first, middle, and last names. The child doesn't have to take either of the parents' names, but can take one or the other -- or the two names can be hyphenated -- as the parents see fit.
Some parents even give one parent's last name as the child's middle name and the other parent's last name as the child's last name. If you need a little more time deciding, you can decide first and amend your child's birth certificate later through your state's Bureau of Vital Statistics.
Qualify Your Child for Eligible Government Benefits
As long as your name is included on the child's birth certificate, your biological and legal children are eligible for government benefits, like Social Security survivorship benefits, government pension, etc.
If your name isn't included on the birth certificate, your child might still be eligible for benefits, but they'll face the hassles of proving paternity. The key is proving paternity to the government agency, which is made simple through the birth certificate and/or paternity affidavit at the time of, or shortly after, your child's birth.
Unmarried Parents Adopting a Child
Most states allow unmarried parents to adopt children; however, this does not keep adoption agencies and social services from discriminating against unmarried couples. If you and your partner aren't married, you may have to do more work to prove to social services and government agencies that your home is stable enough to raise children.
When an unmarried couple adopts a child jointly, they're both the child's legal parents, with equal rights and responsibilities to the child. This is true even if the unmarried parents separate, in which case each parent has a right to ask the family court for custody, visitation, and child support from the other parent.
Adopting Your Partner's Child, When You're Not One of the Biological Parents
When someone who's not a biological parent adopts their partner's child, this is called a "second-parent adoption." These are most common in stepparent-stepchild scenarios. States also grant second-parent adoptions when a same-sex partner adopts their partner's child -- a common way for same-sex couples to raise families.
Second-parent adoptions, where the adopting parent is married to one of the biological parents, are commonly approved. The courts favor situations where the adopting couple is legally married and the child will continue living with the couple. Courts view such adoptions as improving the structure of the family, and thus, favor second-parent adoptions.
Second-parent adoptions by unmarried couples are less favored.
Unless parents have been deemed "unfit" by some legal process or have abandoned their child, they have a right to parent their own child. Because of this, second-parent adoptions cannot be granted unless one of the following applies:
 - Both of the child's legal parents consent
 - The noncustodial parent is deceased
 - The noncustodial parent has been deemed "unfit" by a court
 - The noncustodial parent has abandoned the child
Social services will determine whether a parent has abandoned the child or is unfit. If the noncustodial parent has paid support, maintained a relationship with the child, and in the case of the father, has signed a paternity affidavit, that parent must give consent before a second-parent adoption can be approved.
Once a second-parent adoption is successful, the adoptive parent has the same rights and duties as a biological parent. This means that if the couple ever separates, the adoptive parent has custody and visitation rights and a duty to support the child.
Claiming Children on Tax Forms
Only one parent can claim the children as dependents on their taxes if the parents are unmarried. Either unmarried parent is entitled to the exemption, so long as they support the child.
Typically, the best way to decide which parent should claim the child is to determine which parent has the higher income. The parent with the higher income will receive a bigger tax break. The parents can agree to split the tax return, even though only one parent is receiving it.
A Non-Parent Playing a Live-In Parental Role
Many times issues arise when a nonparent who is living with the child and acts as that child's parent regarding educational and medical decisions. The legality of this nonparent's authority to do this depends on several factors.
 - If the other legal parent is in the picture and shares joint legal custody, then he or she probably has priority to make medical decisions over the nonparent. This, of course, does not preclude the nonparent from being listed as the emergency contact person on important records, in case a legal parent is unavailable.
 - Since schools are legally liable for the safety and care of the children, they can only accept signatures and permission slips from the children's legal guardians. An unmarried partner of a legal parent probably does not qualify as a legal guardian.
 - Nonparents may be permitted to pick up children from school if a legal parent informs the school.
Contact your child's school and other authorities to find out what procedures are necessary to give nonparents their decision-making rights.
The Break-Up of Unmarried Parents: Parental Rights and Duties
If both parents are legal parents, biologically or through adoption, they each have an equal right to pursue custody. Neither parent can deprive the other of this right. Once one of the parents is granted custody, he or she cannot deprive the other of his or her visitation rights. If a parent fails to fulfill his or her parental duties, the court can terminate that parent's right to be considered a legal parent. The noncustodial parent must continue to be involved in the child's life through visitation and child support.
If an unmarried partner is not a legal parent of the child, they probably have no rights to even visit the child. However, unmarried partners can enter into a written agreement if they both want to a part of the child's life. This agreement should include visitation and support.
If an agreement can't be made and the nonparent wants to pursue rights in court, the outcome will be based on state law.
A best interest of the child standard is typically used, and thus, some states do grant visitation or custody to nonparents. However, many states, even though they may follow the best interest of the child standard, still favor the parents over nonparents. Check your own state's laws and consult an experienced family law attorney for answers and guidance to your situation.
Unmarried Parents Raising Children Together? Get Help With Your Legal Questions
If you still have questions or concerns after reading these tips for unmarried parents, you may need professional help. Whether planning for the future, or dealing with issues that have already arisen, getting professional legal help is a good first step in ensuring you have a voice in the important decisions impacting your child. Find a family law attorney near you today to learn more.
Next Steps
Help Me Find a Do-It-Yourself Solution
Find a Lawyer
More Options


California City fears being left high and dry
California City dwellers are worried their town may become a desert. No, this is not a joke.
It's called the Fremont Valley Preservation Project. When fully operational, it would combine a 1,008-megawatt photovoltaic solar power plant - the largest in Kern County - with water banking and well water extraction systems that would pull vital H2O from the Fremont Valley groundwater basin, located north of the Antelope Valley's own main groundwater basin.
Residents and city officials from California City are nervous that the groundwater pumped out of Antelope Valley wells could end up being piped elsewhere.
The community is asking the Kern County Planning Department to hold off on approving the Fremont Valley Preservation Project until their own outside expert hydrologist has time to analyze the proposal and its potential impact on the city's water supply.
The Fremont Valley project has the potential to lower the underground water level. That could lead to drilling deeper wells and installing larger pumps. That would, in turn, increase costs to the city and run the risk of endangering the future supply of water to residents.
According to reports, the underground basin's capacity and the amount replenished through rain and melting snow is estimated at 10,000 acre-feet per year. An acre-foot roughly translates to about 325,851 gallons of water. That's enough to equal the yearly usage for 10,000 typical Antelope Valley households when you do the math.
But did the report also take into consideration the fact that California has suffered under drought conditions for years? If there's not enough rainfall and snowmelt to replenish the basin, where are they supposed to make up the shortfall? And what happens when you take what water is left out of the ground and ship it somewhere else?
The planning committee was scheduled to review the plans on Jan. 23. Not wasting a moment, the California City council, in a special meeting on Monday, ratified a contract with a hydrologist to get their independent analysis. City Manager Tom Weil engaged Wildermuth Environmental, Inc. for the task.
"We need to have this in place for the commission to consider," Weil told Valley Press staff writer Allison Gatlin.
California City has brought the Mojave Air and Space Port and the Indian Wells Valley Water District in to share the costs of hiring the hydrologist, a $20,000 maximum contract, according to Weil.
The city is also hoping to enlist support from the Antelope Valley-East Kern Water Agency and the Mojave Public Utility District.
"As far as I'm concerned, this project will only last a couple years, because the water will be gone, Bee Coy, general manager of the Mojave Public Utility District and an opponent of the project, said.
The proposal actually covers four separate sites, with a total of 4,806 acres around Cantil, near where Highway 14 and Redrock-Randsburg Road meet.
A total of up to 114,000 acre-feet of native groundwater would be pumped out of the underwater basin annually - with a cap of one million acre-feet for the full extraction.
The kicker that's got so many residents and city officials feeling all wet: This extracted water would then be sold to users elsewhere in Kern County.
California City has around 23,000 home lots that are currently vacant but which have already been promised water service by city government. If measures aren't taken to ensure the underground basin isn't depleted by this project, those commitments could be threatened.
In other words, people won't move in to California City if they don't have water services. If they don't move in, the city can't thrive. You are left not with a desert oasis but a mirage.
A fourth generation Cantil resident summed up the general mood of the assembled citizens at a recent City Council meeting, calling the project "a good old-fashioned water grab," where a few get rich selling local groundwater while the rest of the community eats dirt.
And you thought this kind of intrigue was left to the pages of detective noir or big-screen Hollywood. Forget it, Jake, it's not Chinatown. It's California City.
Recent Columns >
Home Main Second Front Business Classified Sports Daily Showcase Valley Life


text:
How did the inflation targeting policy of Norges Bank impact the 2008 financial crisis?
MetadataShow full item record
- Master Thesis
The present thesis analyzes the impact of the Norwegian inflation targeting regime on the 2008 financial crisis. A series of macroeconomic indicators are used to evaluate the usefulness of inflation as a proxy for economic activity. I find that a combination of rapidly increasing prices in housing and stock markets, combined with increasing export prices and declining import prices have led to an exceptionally large gap between pressure in the economy and the inflation rate. Consequently, the central bank ought to have pursued a tighter monetary policy, to limit vulnerability to new shocks.


text:
Important species are increasingly becoming endangered on private lands largely left unregulated by federal and state laws. The gopher tortoise is one such species. The tortoise is a keystone species, meaning that upon its existence numerous other species exist. Despite its importance, tortoise populations have declined by 80% - partly due to development pressures, but primarily due to forest management practices which have reduced the longleaf pine ecosystem upon which it depends. This article focus on legal and policy issues associated with both development and forest management. Because private forest management practices are the primary cause of tortoise decline, the article concludes by suggesting management practices which can benefit both private landowners and the tortoise. Blake Hudson, J.D. candidate, Duke Law '07.
Blake Hudson, Promoting and Establishing the Recovery of Endangered Species on Private Lands: A Case Study of the Gopher Tortoise (Duke Law, Student Paper Series) (2007)


text:
Token is a set of data to manage "tasks flowing in business process (business flow)." It can be considered as a kind of a control number.
Overview of Token
Especially, in telecommunication network and security area, "token" means "transmission privilege, access privilege, ticket, and so on" and, in many cases, "token" implies reference number, control tag, and control number that are used to control something in any way. In order to manage enormous tasks in a company, BPM engines (workflow engines) implemented in many BPM suite and BPM software products attach data called token to control each task.
In addition, it means "lexical token or character," which is a unit to analyze program codes, in software programming area.
Split of Token
On the other hand, in case of XOR-Split, at which "only one route" must be chosen, the token is never split.
In the right diagram, the following possibilities can be considered as a timing at which "C1" starts.
- "C1" starts after joining the results of "A2" and "B1."
- "C1" starts after receiving one of the results of "A2" and "B1."
- "C1" starts upon receiving the result from each of "A2" and "B1" respectively. ("C1" is executed twice.)
However, according to the basic rule defined in BPMN1.1, the third option above is expected. (Some products adopt the first option.)
(*)In order to clearly show that "C1" waits until both of "A2" and "B1" are completed, Parallel Gateway must be placed. Furthermore, if the complex way to wait the results from the two activities needs to be specified, Complex Gateway is used.
Divergence of Token
However, on the other hand, if a token processed at "B1" goes back to "A1" and is split again after "A1" is completed, the number of tokens diverges. "Whether divergence of tokens is allowed or not" depends on the specification of each BPM engine (workflow engine).
In addition, a process diagram in which "split" and "join" are always coupled and process blocks are nested is said to be "structured" after "Structured Theorem / Structured Programming" in software engineering. A token never diverges in a structured process diagram. (Note that it does not necessarily mean "a token always diverges" in a process diagram that is not structured.)