text:
White space is to be regarded as an active element, not a passive background.
Form exists within space. Without whitespace there is no form as one provides the contrast in which to see the other. Learning to see and use the space in your designs is one of the most important things you can do as a designer. Space can be active and space can be passive and while both have pros and cons we generally want the space in our designs to be active.
What are Passive and Active Space?
Space is created in between and around positive elements. It can exist between shapes, images, lines, and dots. It can exist in between lines of text in a paragraph or a bulleted list. Space also exists in the area between any element and the edge of the page or browser window.
Whenever there is no positive element there is whitespace.
Space can be a by-product of a layout. It can be there as what's leftover after you've placed your positive elements. Or it can be consciously planned, co-exiting with non-space, and becoming part of the design.
Leftover space is passive. Planned space is active.
Spaces between the forms, or the negative shapes, play just as great a role as the positives and they enable you to check the accuracy of your drawing. The positives make the negatives and negatives make the positives.
Passive space isn't integral to our perception of design elements as it doesn't affect the positive form. Passive space isn't enhancing your design elements. It isn't necessarily detracting from them either. It's simply there and usually it hasn't been consciously planned.
Being passive in your use of space forces space to the perimeter. Think of any fixed and centered website. Assuming you're viewing the site in a browser open wider than the fixed width you see space that's been forced to the edges.
I'm sure you've built a similar site and know you didn't consciously think of the space other than perhaps to make it equal on each side. Your thoughts were on centering everything other than that passive space.
Passive space is usually symmetrical. Because of its symmetry it's predictable and suggests order, balance, peacefulness, and stability. Each of the previous qualities may be exactly what you want at times. However due to it's predictable orderly nature it tends not to be noticed and becomes background only.
Order, balance, peacefulness and stability are all appropriate at times. Because of the title of this post and because more of the content in it is about active space you may be led to believe that active space is good and passive space is bad. That isn't so.
Passive space isn't bad by default. It's often exactly what you want. Passive space is bad when it exists as a by-product. When it's used to help communicate something like order it's good.
Active space by contrast is integral to our perception of design elements as the space influences the form. It enhances your design elements by affecting their shape and position on the page. Active space is space that has been consciously planned. It is not simply there. It has an active role in the design.
A master of using active space was MC Escher. Look at any work by Escher and try to imagine it without the space. Classic examples like Sky and Water where birds turn to fish or Day and Night seen below with dark and light birds flying in each direction, appear to have their positive elements emerge from the space between other elements. Space is very much an active and integral part of each work.
Active space is carefully considered emptiness. Unlike passive space it's asymmetrical. It's dynamic and suggests motion and activity. It's inherently more interesting than passive space.
Shape your space.
Why active space is important
Visual design is the arrangement of shapes. Shapes that are both positive (form) and negative (space). Learning to activate space leads to the creation of shapes of space that are equally interesting and important to the shapes of form on the page.
Seeing emptiness not as emptiness, but as a shape to be arranged leads to better designs. Seeing space as shape leads to space becoming part of your visual grammar instead of merely background. It becomes something you can use to communicate.
If you decide to use passive space do so because you recognize the shape of the space and what it communicates.
Active space enlivens the page and helps guide readers into the design. It creates flow through your design by connecting and separating positive elements. It communicates things like energy and growth and in general will communicate more than passive space through it's greater variety of shape.
If you arrange whitespace well the positive forms on the page will inevitably look good, but if you only arrange the positive forms the resulting whitespace will be ineffective. Active space is often the primary attribute of pages that are perceived as well-designed. They seem to have an inborn quality lacking in designs where passive space dominates.
How To Create More Active Space in Your Designs
You can activate space in a variety of ways. The most important being to consider the space and think about the shapes you're creating when you place positive elements within and around it.
You need to think about space in order to activate it. You need to see not just the shape of the positive forms on the page, but the shape of the resulting space. The more conscious you are of space in your design the more active it will become.
One obvious way is to use asymmetrical balance in your composition, which by default activates the space within. Asymmetrical balance is not the only way to activate space though. Another simple way to activate space is to shift a positive element such as an image so it moves into the empty space around it or partially off the page.
Space is activated through its size and relative position to positive elements. As a figure gets larger in a given space it activates that space by achieving a balance with it. Each becomes a size of relative importance to the other.
By continuing to enlarge the figure so it moves outside the space and even off the page you can abstract the figure, which forces the eye to consider the negative space, thus making the space more active.
Consider the bird shape in the image above and the same shape enlarged in the two images below. Notice how the space is passive above and becomes more active in each of the images below.
You can control space through:
- The number of positive elements within the space
- The relative size of elements within space
- The intricacy of the pattern of form and space
The principle of closure can be used to activate space by integrating space into a positive form leaving the form incomplete. This requires the viewer to interact with the design and complete the form.
If you don't use enough space though, your viewer won't need to participate as the form will essentially remain closed. If you use too much space on the other hand you might hinder the closure and prevent your viewer from completing the picture.
Space is the breath of art.
—Frank Lloyd Wright
Fixed, Elastic, and Fluid Designs
I mentioned above that fixed and centered websites force space to the edges and create passive space. It's really the centered part creating that passive space. Shift the site to the left or right and asymmetry is generated.
In general fixed or elastic designs allow for more control over whitespace in your design. One of the downsides to fluid designs is this loss of control over space.
As your design is allowed to resize itself to match the window size of the browser, active space changes shape to communicate different things than intended. It's no longer considered and thought about. You no longer control it's shape and relative position. It becomes a by product of the size of the browser and moves toward passivity.
An observation I've made over the years is that those who prefer to create fluid designs tend to come more from a development background. They rightly take pleasure in the ability of their code to adapt to different conditions.
Those who prefer a fixed or elastic design tend to come from more of a design background rightly preferring the control over space and form.
The above is a general observation to be sure and one that only occurred to me while writing this, but an interesting observation to me at least.
Early on when first learning html and css I was excited by the concept of fluid designs. Years later as I shift more toward the design side of things I much prefer a fixed or elastic design. I can't remember the last time I even considered making a design fully fluid or saw a fully fluid website who's design spoke to me.
Space is an essential part of any design. It is only through contrast with whitespace (PDF) that we see form and it's space that leads us from one element to the next.
Learning to see the shape of space so you can control and activate it, is one of the best things you can do to grow as a designer. When you get the empty space right the positive forms inevitably work well together The reverse is seldom, if ever, true.
Between passive and active space it is almost always the active space that is preferred. The order and balance of passive space has its place, but the dynamic motion and action of active space offers the greater range of communication and is inherently more interesting.
Active space can be created in a variety of ways, the most important being to take the time to think about it and consider its impact on your design. When you fail to think about space it becomes passive in a way you don't want. It doesn't interact with your design and adds nothing to it.
When you take the time to consider space and understand how its shape impacts your design you have a new design element at you disposal.
Interestingly, according to modern astronomers, space is finite. This is a very comforting thought – particularly for people who cannot remember where they left things.


text:
Jan. 31-Mar. 7
UH Room 150
Discover what it's like to be a paleontologist. Meet the faculty and students of Berkeley's Museum of Paleontology and learn about new techniques and data analysis that reveal the ancient past, including our own Bay Area history. Study the effects of climate change on ecosystems, the forces that caused mass extinctions of plants and animals, primate evolution in the Olduvai Gorge, and the new science of genomics. Our last class will meet in the paleontology museum to examine one of the world's largest university collections.
Marty Pollard was an engineer and instrumentation group leader at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the DOE Joint Genome Institute, where he provided support for the Human Genome Project and subsequent genomic sequencing.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
UK Feminista gives evidence to parliamentary inquiry on sexual harassment in schools
On 7 June 2016, UK Feminista joined anti-violence organisations to give evidence to Parliament's Women and Equalities Committee on the need to tackle sexual harassment in schools.
59% of girls have experienced sexual harassment at school or college, and one in three girls say they have experienced 'groping' or unwanted sexual touching at school.
The Women and Equalities Committee is conducting a vital inquiry to assess how sexual harassment in schools can be stopped.
Watch the Women and Equalities Committee evidence session:
- Read UK Feminista's written submission to the inquiry
- Media coverage of the evidence session:
- BBC News: Harassment: Girls 'wear shorts under school skirts'
- BBC Radio 4: Woman's Hour
- Metro: ˜Schoolgirls are wearing shorts under skirts to prevent sexual harassment
- The Guardian: ˜Teach children about sexism to stop 'ticking timebomb' of sexual bullying in schools
- The Huffington Post UK: Sexism In School: Girls "Wear Shorts Under Skirts" To Avoid Sexual Harassment, Inquiry Finds
- RT International: Girls don shorts under school uniform skirts to avoid sexual harassment, MPs told
- Schools Week: Ministers to meet with Ofsted over omission of sexism from inspection handbook
For more information about the Women and Equalities Committee inquiry into sexual harassment and sexual violence in schools visit the Parliament website.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I have a question regarding the definition of the covariant derivative of tensor fields, as given by John Lee in the book Riemannian Manifolds: An Introduction to Curvature
On page 53 he states the following lemma:
Let $\triangledown$ be a linear connection on $M$. There is a unique connection in each tensor bundle $T^k_l(M)$, also denoted $\triangledown$, such that the following conditions are satisfied:
(a) On TM, $\triangledown$ agrees with the given connection
(b) on $T^0M$, $\triangledown$ is given by ordinary differentiation on functions: $$ \triangledown_X f = Xf $$
This connection satisfies the following additional property:
For any $F \in \mathcal{T}^k_l(M)$, vector fields $Y_i$ and 1-forms $\omega^j$,
$$ \begin{eqnarray} &(\triangledown_X F) (\omega^1, \dots \omega^l,Y_1, \dots Y_k) = X( F (\omega^1, \dots \omega^l,Y_1, \dots Y_k)) \\ &- \sum_{i = 1}^l F (\omega^1, \dots, \triangledown_X \omega^i, \dots \omega^l,Y_1, \dots Y_k) \\ &- \sum_{i = 1}^k F (\omega^1, \dots, \omega^l,Y_1, \dots, \triangledown_X Y_i, \dots Y_k) \end{eqnarray} $$
Now, if I apply this property, say, to the Euclidean metric and the Euclidean connection, I obtain the following.
Let $Y = Y^i \partial_i$ and $Z = Z^i \partial_i$ be vector fields in local coordinates. Let the Euclidean Connection $\overline{\triangledown}$ be given by $$ \overline{\triangledown}_X Y = (X Y^i) \partial_i $$ Let $g$ denote the Euclidean metric, so that $$ g(Y,Z) = \sum_i Y^iZ^i $$ Then, the above property gives $$ \overline{\triangledown}_X g(Y,Z) = X(\sum_i Y^iZ^i) - \sum_i (XY^i)Z^i - \sum_i Y^i(XZ^i) = 0 $$
.. this does look strange - what am I doing wrong?
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1 Answer 1
up vote 3 down vote accepted
Your computation is correct. The fact that the euclidean connection and metric satisfy $\overline{\nabla}_Xg = 0$ for all $X$ can be phrased as saying that the euclidean connection is compatible with the euclidean metric.
See Page 67 of your book for further details (especially Lemma 5.2).
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What tool does a farmer use? Kids put their reasoning skills to the test as they match each worker with his tool. Kids love imagining about what they'll be when they grow up, and this exercise helps get them thinking about just that.
Check out Tools of the Trade #2 to learn about other jobs and their tools.


text:
6 p.m. - 8:45 p.m.
Thinking in Writing
Posted by: Continuing Education
Learn to use writing as a tool for deep thinking. Everyone
thinks, but many thoughts dwell below the surface of
expression, yet these thoughts determine how we experience
ourselves. Writing can be a pleasurable, creative way to come
face-to-face with these inner thoughts that influence our lives
profoundly. As they come into focus, our perspective on them
shifts—from distant and obscure to up close and clear. This
shift in perspective produces a sense of greater growing space.
We find more room within ourselves for creativity and play.
Course #: 5071
When: Thursdays, November 1 - December 13, 2012
(No class on November 22)
Time: 6:00-8:45 p.m.
-Location for all of Anne Bright's courses:
Center for Contemplative Writing, 1401Williams Street,
Suite #210, Chattanooga, TN
-Required text for all courses: Writing the Mind Alive: The
Proprioceptive Method for Finding Your Authentic Voice,
Metcalf and Simon, (Ballantine, 2002).
-Ms. Bright has taught Proprioceptive Writing for over
fifteen years and still works closely with Drs. Metcalf and
Simon, the originators of the process.


text:
LAWRENCE — Cells use protein-signaling networks to process information from their surroundings and respond to constantly changing environments. This includes information about the presence or absence of vital nutrients as well as the presence of other cells. Signaling networks control the decisions that cells make in response to these conditions.
In a paper just published in the influential Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers from the University of Kansas shed light on protein-signaling networks used by bacterial cells and why they are so different from the more complex networks found in eukaryotes, such as human beings.
"Our research focuses on elucidating the general principles that underlie how signaling networks work in a variety of organisms," said Eric Deeds, assistant professor at KU's Center for Bioinformatics and Department of Molecular Biosciences. "We're helping people understand why they observe the types of networks that they do in different cells."
According to Deeds, a better understanding of information processing inside human cells will lead to more rational approaches to targeting complex diseases like cancer.
"In bacterial systems, our work could help lead to the development of novel antibiotic strategies as well as the engineering of new information processing capabilities in bacterial cells," he said.
Human cells possess very complex networks with many interconnected pathways. Bacteria, on the other hand, utilize very simple networks in which most pathways are completely isolated from one another.
"It's like the contrast between a telephone wire and a complicated computer chip," said Deeds. "A telephone wire connects one person to another directly and simply transmits the signals from one end to the other. This is like the bacterial signaling pathways, which have a simple topology directly connecting inputs to outputs. In contrast, a computer chip is highly interconnected, with many downstream elements responding to any given input. This kind of integrated architecture allows a computer to perform complex signal-processing tasks. The architecture of human signaling networks is similar to that of a computer chip, with a much more complicated topology and a much richer possible set of input-output relationships."
The paper in PNAS authored by Deeds and KU graduate research assistant Michael Rowland shows that this global difference in network structure ultimately derives from the properties of the atomic "building blocks" from which the networks themselves are constructed.
"In particular, the enzymes used in bacterial-signaling networks are often bifunctional, in that they catalyze both the modification and de-modification of their protein substrates," Deeds said.
The research showed that these bifunctional enzymes become progressively less efficient as they work on larger numbers of substrates. This prevents them from evolving the extensive levels of "crosstalk" that characterize eukaryotic networks. In contrast, the enzymes employed by human cells are "monofunctional," leading to "remarkably different" global architectures.
"Monofunctional enzymes basically represent a 'division of labor,'" Deeds said. "There is one protein that performs the phosphorylation step — called the kinase — and another that performs the dephosphorylation step, called the phosphatase. Our work has shown that dividing things up like this allows human networks to achieve high levels of crosstalk, producing the complex integrated architectures that perform decision-making tasks for our cells. Bacterial networks, which use a single enzyme to perform both those tasks, simply can't exhibit high levels of crosstalk."
Moving ahead, Deeds' work aims to achieve a firmer understanding of the crosstalk that characterizes complex protein signaling in humans.
"Although it's clear that human networks can and do have massive amounts of crosstalk, we currently don't understand exactly what these systems are doing," said Deeds. "Fully answering that question is a major area of research both for my lab and for a large number of other labs around the world."


text:
On Shakespeare, 1630 by John Milton
"On Shakespeare" is a poem written by John Milton. This poem, also known as Song On Shakespeare, was written in 1630. There is also a revised version of the poem written two years later which is entirely different. The 1632 version was written more as an epitaph and sometimes called "On the University Carrier who".
This poem is a sixteen line single stanza. It is written in the rhyme scheme AABBCDDEEFFGGHH. It is also written in iambic pentameter. Thus, this can be said to be written in heroic couplets. This is indeed a salute to Shakespeare by writing in iambic pentameter. However, I think, Milton should have went ahead and made it an Elizabethan sonnet instead.
On Shakespeare What needs my Shakespeare for his honoured bones The labour of an age in pilèd stones? Or that his hallowed relics should be hid Under a star-ypointing pyramid? Dear son of memory, great heir of fame, What need'st thou such weak witness of thy name? Thou in our wonder and astonishment Has built thyself a livelong monument. For whilst, to the shame of slow-endeavouring art, Thy easy numbers flow, and that each heart Hath from the leaves of thy unvalued book Those Delphic lines with deep impression took, Then thou, our fancy of itself bereaving, Dost make us marble with too much conceiving, And so sepúlchred in such pomp dost lie That kings for such a tomb would wish to die.
Next: On Time
Find out more information about this poem and read others like it.


text:
Working paper // IFAU - Institute for Labour Market Policy Evaluation 2010:9
We examine the influence that co-workers' have on each other's fertility decisions. Using linked employer employee panel data for Sweden we show that female individual fertility increases if a co-worker recently had a child. The timing of births among co-workers of the same sex, educational level and co workers who are close in age is even more influential. Consistent with models of social learning we find that the peer effect for first time mothers is similar irrespective of the birth order of the co-worker's child, while for higher order births within-parity peer effects are strong but cross-parity peer effects are entirely absent. A causal interpretation of our estimates is strengthened by several falsification tests showing that neither unobserved common shocks at the workplace level, nor sorting of workers between workplaces are likely to explain the observed peer effect. We also provide evidence suggesting that peers not only affect timing of births but potentially also completed fertility, and that fertility peer influences spills over across multiple networks. Our results forward the understandings of how individual fertility timing decisions are made and suggest that social interactions could be an important factor behind the strong inter-temporal fluctuations in total fertility rates observed in many countries.


The use of linear programming in the optimal design of flotation circuits incorporating regrind mills
Reuter M.A. ; Van Deventer J.S.J. (1990)
Two linear models, the second being a subset of the first, are proposed for the simulation of flotation plants by use of linear programming. The first linear model produces the circuit structure, as well as the optimal flow rates of the valuable element between any number of flotation banks incorporating any number of recycle mills. An optimal grade for the valuable element in the concentrate is given by the second model. Operating conditions in the flotation banks and recycle mills are included as bounds in these models, permitting their possible application in expert systems. The simulated circuit structure, concentrate grade and recoveries closely resemble those of similar industrial flotation plants. The only data required by the simulation models are the feed rates of the species of an element, and their separation factors which are estimated from a multiparameter flotation model. © 1990.
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text:
Book Name: Fundamentals of Cost Accounting 4th Edition
Author: William Lanen, Shannon Anderson, Michael Maher
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
Pages: 784 pages
File size: 17 MB
File format: PDF
Fundamentals of Cost Accounting 4th Edition Pdf Book Description:
Basics of Cost Accounting gives a direct, thoughtful, and effective means to find out cost accounting, incorporated with new technologies learning tools. Basics is brief (roughly 700 pages) which makes it simple to cover in 1 semester. The authors have retained the text succinct by focusing on the essential concepts students will need to master. The Conclusion opening vignettes and Business Program boxes reveal realistic applications of those concepts throughout. To get a student, choosing a cost accounting class can be similar to finding yourself in tall grass: surrounded by dumb notions and far in the road to mastery. Basics of Cost Accounting gives pupils a very clear perspective by lifting them over the overgrowth.
By focusing on the basic concepts that pupils will need and using a conversational writing style that keeps them engaged during the program, Basics focuses students on understanding instead of memorization and supplies a context for their own learning. The content is presented from a preparer and an individual standpoint, allowing teachers to supply both accounting majors and nonmajors having a powerful and appropriate comprehension of cost accounting issues. In this fourth edition, the text proceeds to supply the following core characteristics: Basics of Cost Accounting is still praised among the very readable texts available on the industry. Lanen, Anderson, and Maher use a conversational writing style that students may understand, which makes concepts and subjects more accessible. Through the text, illustrations and exhibits provide visuals to assist students in understanding how complicated topics fi t together in a reasonable manner. Though other texts often tack on subjects and fi t concepts into chapters in seemingly random ways, Basics of Cost Accounting gifts fundamental subjects in a coherent arrangement, helping pupils to observe that the integration of the concepts efficiently.
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[Zbrafish] IACUC approval for commercial vendors
Bill Trevarrow via zbrafish%40net.bio.net (by trevarro from uoneuro.uoregon.edu)
Mon Jun 23 16:00:20 EST 2008
Greetings DMA,
There are many facets to your recent post. Here
are some considerations that occurred to me:
With respect to a pet store source of fish:
- There are several considerations; availability
and expense, fish genetics and fish pathogens.
- Some pet store fish are extremely robust and fecund.
- Pet stores in general do not always get their
fish from the same source. The store may get them
from different wholesalers and each wholesaler
may get them from different producers. Petco,
however, being a large corporation, is probably
getting their ZF from a single source with a long
term contract.
- The quality and genetics will vary as the sources change.
- Large non-laboratory fish sources are probably
more likely to harbor diseases.
- Passing fish through pet stores in general
(including large corporate fish stores) often
exposes them to the diseases of fish that have
passed through the fish store in the past.
- These fish may also be easier to get through
the larval stages and therefore useful in
initially developing nursery care.
With respect to how your facility is operating:
- It sounds like you have a very small set-up and
are not breeding your next generation of fish.
You just want to purchase them. This reduces the
importance of maintaining a completely disease
free facility. The losses you might have in your
worst case scenario (all fish dead, pathogens in
all tanks) can be relatively easily fixed (bleach
everything, re-establish proper functioning of
your filtration, and buy new fish).
This won't work in a large facility maintaining
many different lines, some of which may be
genetically unique. Even if the establish lines
are available, getting them and quarantining them
into the facility is a big hassle.
- However, this does not remove your
responsibility of taking good care of your fish,
trying to get healthy ones, and avoiding sick
With respect to the IACUC:
- Try using common sense with the IACUC. What has
the history been of the fish you got from that
source? How many other approved fish sources are
out there? What are the requirements for approval
and how realistically relevant are they to your
zebrafish colony? Records such as longevity of
the different groups of fish may be useful in
these discussions.
With respect to the intended use of the fish:
- If you are not using them for genetics then pet
store fish maybe fine, however, if your are doing
molecular biology them you are doing genetics and
it could matter. Also other factors (such as
disease) may effect experimental results.
>Hi all, especially those of you with insight into veterinarians.
>I have an approved protocol to work with fish embryos; my
>"colony" (school?) of fish consists of two ten gallon tanks with
>filters etc, about 20 fish, and it is in my lab, not the animal
>quarters. In that protocol I listed ZIRC as the source of the
>adults. I have found, however, that my local Petco sells perfectly
>healthy fish for about $1 each, and shopping there has the advantage
>that I can pick out big fat females and good looking males, and I
>don't have to buy in pairs.
>Here's the but - Petco is not an "approved vendor" and the vet on my
>IACUC committee (on which, by the way, I serve as the fish & amphibian
>expert) has put a hold on my purchasing of new fish until I can get
>some kind of health certificate.
>Has anyone figured out a workaround for this problem? I'm trying to
>get in contact with the store manager, but it's a Petco for pete's
>sake - what is the likelihood that they will have the kind of
>documentation needed for an IACUC committee composed almost entirely
>of mouse people?
>Does anyone else just use pet store wildtypes? Am I making a huge
>mistake by doing that? (I don't do any genetics, so I don't need
>Any wisdom or practical advice will be very welcome.
>Zbrafish mailing list
>Zbrafish from net.bio.net
.,..·'¯'·.. ><)))º>
Bill Trevarrow
Thoren Aquatics
944 Almaden Street
Eugene, OR 97402
Cell: _PHONE_
e-mail: trevarro from uoneuro.uoregon.edu
More information about the Zbrafish mailing list


text:
Jordan Table of Contents
Figure 5. Population of the East Bank by Age and Sex, 1987
Source: Based on information from Jordan, Department of Statistics, Statistical Yearbook, 1987, Amman, 1988, 18.
Figure 6. United Nations Relief and Works Agency Camps in Jordan, 1989
Source: Based on information from United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East, Jordan.
Official Jordanian statistics gave a 1987 population figure of 2,896,800 for the East Bank. A 1982 population of 2,399,300 thus indicated an annual growth rate of between 3.6 and 4 percent. United Nations statistics projected a peak in the annual growth rate at 4.11 percent in the period from 1990 to 1995, followed by a steady decline to 2.88 percent in 2020.
Rapid development in the provision of health care services during the 1970s and 1980s led to a decline in the crude death rate from 17 per 1,000 population in 1965 to 7 per 1,000 population by 1986 (see Health and Welfare, this ch.). During the same period, the infant mortality rate, a major indicator of a country's development and health status, dropped from 115 to 46 per 1,000 live births. In 1986 life expectancy at birth was sixty-five years (sixty-three for males and sixty-seven for females). The lowered death rate, a high birth rate, and lowered infant mortality rate combined to generate a major demographic problem in the late 1980s. At the end of the decade, more than half Jordan's population was below fifteen years of age (see fig. 5). This situation strained the country's already limited resources, and employment for the burgeoning group of young people became increasingly difficult to provide.
Accurate demographic figures were difficult to compile because of the substantial number of Jordanians residing and working abroad and the continuous flow of West bank Palestinians with Jordanian passports back and forth between the East and West banks. According to the United Nations Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) for Palestine Refugees in the Near East, about 224,000 people were admitted to UNRWA refugee camps in the East Bank immediately after the June 1967 War. In 1986 UNRWA cited 826,128 registered refugees living on the East Bank, of whom about 205,000 were living in refugee camps.
The exact number of Palestinians living on the East Bank was unknown. Estimates usually ranged from 60 to 70 percent of the total population. Official government statistics did not distinguish between East Bank and West Bank Jordanians (see Palestinians, this ch.).
The government did not have an officially articulated population policy or birth control program. Rather, in 1979 it adopted a "child spacing program" that was designed to improve the health of mother and child, and not specifically to lower the fertility rate. This noninterventionist approach considered family planning to be one component of an integrated maternal-child health and primary health care program. Government clinics and private medical services delivered family planning services upon request and contraceptives were widely available at low cost. In 1987 there were 116 maternal-child health care centers--up from 93 in 1983-- providing prenatal and postnatal care and a wide range of birth control information.
Jordan's high population growth can be attributed primarily to high fertility rates. In 1986 the World Bank (see Glossary) calculated this rate as 6.0 births for each woman over the span of her reproductive years, one of the highest fertility rates in the region. This rate was projected to decline to 4.2 births by the year 2000. The fertility rate varied, however, between women residing in rural and urban areas and according to educational attainment. Educated women tended to marry at a slightly older age than uneducated women, and this delay contributed to a lower fertility rate. Urban women achieved lower fertility rates through modern methods of contraception, particularly the pill. Fertility rates were lowest in Amman, higher in smaller urban areas such as Irbid and Az Zarqa, and highest in rural areas. In rural areas modern contraceptive usage was lower, although breast-feeding, which serves to delay the return of fertility, was extended for a longer period than in the cities. World Bank data indicated that 27 percent of married women of child-bearing age were using contraception in the 1980s.
A woman was expected to have to bear five children, including at least two sons, in fairly rapid succession. Women gained status and security in their marital household by bearing children. According to a study conducted in the early 1980s by Jordanian anthropologists Seteney Shami and Lucine Taminian in a poor, squatter area in Amman, reproductive behavior was subject to several factors. If a woman had given birth to two or more sons, she might begin to space her pregnancies or stop bearing children for a while. Household structure--nuclear, extended, or multiple family--also appeared to be a crucial factor in determining fertility. The presence of other women in a household encouraged women to bear more children to improve their relative position in the household.
The overall population density for the East Bank in 1987 was established at about thirty persons per square kilometer. There was wide regional variation and the rate of urbanization was high. East of Al Mafraq, in an area encompassing almost two-thirds of the country, no towns had a population of more than 10,000. The bulk of Jordan's population was centered in the governorate of Amman and the smaller urban areas of Irbid, As Salt, and Az Zarqa. The 1987 population totals of the eight governorates ranged from 1,203,000 in Amman to 101,000 in the Maan Governorate. According to World Bank figures, about 70 percent of the population lived in urban areas. The nation's capital, Amman, accounted for more than onethird of the total population. Rapid urbanization appeared to be the result of a high fertility rate and rural-urban migration. If urbanization continued at the high annual rate of 4 to 5 percent, it was estimated that by the year 2000, nearly three-fourths of the population could be living in Amman, Az Zarqa, Irbid, As Salt, and Ar Ramtha.
The remainder of the population resided in villages scattered in an uneven pattern throughout Jordan. The nomadic and seminomadic population was very small, at most 2 to 3 percent of the population. The clearest concentrations of villages were in the fertile northwest corner and the Jordan Valley. Village size varied markedly from region to region. At one time, size related to the productive capacity of the surrounding farmland. Larger villages were located in the more fertile, generally irrigated regions where family members could reach their fields with relative ease. While village populations continued to grow, rural-urban migration drained off a steady stream of young men and sometimes whole families. Villages provided little employment for their residents, and agriculture as a way of life had declined precipitously since the 1950s.
Camps of nomadic and seminomadic beduins still existed in the late 1980s. Nomadic tribes were found mainly in the desert area east of a line from Al Mafraq to Maan. The area, about 400 kilometers long and 250 kilometers wide, is known as the badiya (pl., bawaadi, meaning desert or semidesert). Seminomadic beduins were located in the Al Ghawr and near Irbid. These seminomads descended to the Jordan Valley in the winter because of its warm climate and grazing ground for their herds. Traditionally, many of these seminomads also farmed plots of land in the valley. In the summer, they moved their herds up into the hills to avoid the intense heat.
The native inhabitants of the Jordan Valley are known as Al Ghawarna, or people of Al Ghawr. Prior to the June 1967 War, the valley was home to about 60,000 people engaged in agriculture and pastoralism. In 1971 the population had declined to 5,000 as a result of the June 1967 War and the 1970-71 conflict between the Palestinian guerrillas and the Jordanian armed forces (see The Guerrilla Crisis, ch. 1). By 1979, however, the population had reached 85,000 as a result of government development efforts designed to attract people to settle in this area.
Refugee camps emerged in the wake of the Arab-Israeli War of 1948. The original refugee settlements were tent camps, but in most places tents were replaced by rows of galvanized steel, aluminum, and asbestos shelters. There were initially five refugee camps-- Irbid, Az Zarqa, Amman New (Al Wahdat), Al Karamah (later dismantled), and Jabal al Hussein-- but six additional emergency camps were established for refugees from the June 1967 War--Al Hisn, Suf, Jarash, Baqah, Talbiyah, and Marka. Most of the camps were located near major cities in the northwest (see fig. 6).
Data as of December 1989
Jordan Table of Contents


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The Cary Institute has been monitoring weather conditions at our state-of-the-art environmental monitoring station since 1988. The long-term data from this station can be used to tell us about our changing climate and allows us to collect continuous measurements during extreme weather events like Hurricane Sandy.
Meteorological conditions were measured at our weather station as the storm passed over Millbrook on October 29, 2012.
1am-6pm: Barometric pressure falls steadily. Wind from N and NE. Wind speed picks up.
6pm-7pm: Eye of the storm closest to Millbrook, NY. Barometric pressure at lowest point (28.4); Wind direction shifts from NE to SE (90°-135°). Wind speed drops.
7pm-11pm: Back side of storm. Barometric pressure increases. Wind direction remains from the SE. Wind speed increases with a maximum of 52mph at 8:27pm.


Prior to 1965, the Westerplas ('west pond') was a salt marsh, but it was cut off from the sea by building a line of artificial dunes. As it is the only location with a large amount of fresh water, the Westerplas attracts many birds, such as ducks, herons and reed birds. The pond is also important for people, since it provides most of the drinking water.


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"Are you Okay?"
~ OK
Okay as a sideways person.
Hand Gesture Signifying that everything is okay {positive} moja (Is) Thumb points upwards, rest of hand in fist shape.
Rosco Peterson's water bottle from that famous baseball game
Rosco Peterson's teddy bear
The Obvious Meaning
Obviously, OK is a sideways person. At first it was said to be female, but that was before the species realized they have brains and can do things other than getting pregnant (like, for example giving birth, which did not always require sitting horizontally), so they started a riot. Quick enough, OK became a male. Then Michael Jackson came to be, moments in which everyone was confused and decided to blame its origins on Greek mythology.
Your mom still thinks it's cake on a weird looking table. Nigga Please.
Greek Language Origins
"O.K." is the abbreviation (spelled correctly) of the Greek expression, Ola Kala (Ολα Καλά, ΟΚ) It is a standard expression in Greece that simply means: "My anus is red". An alternative etymology suggests that Okay is pig latin for K.O. (Knock-out).
Originally teachers used this as a mark on kids school papers in red ink as a taunt, saying that the paper was horrible. The meaning was lost when the children came up with a brilliant idea to stop this abuse; they being saying OK(as we know it)with and around their parents so that their parents became familiar with this expression as a positive meaning, and when they brought home their school papers, the parents thought that "OK" was good. Some teachers still use it to mark good school papers today. The brilliant children completly switched the meaning so that now it actually DOES mean the paper is good!
ok was originally written by a dislexic as K.O. after beating an enemy over the ass so many times his anus went red and he lossed con... the ability to stand up.
The word was introduced to the Western World during the Christmas period of 1689, when the majority of Christmas trees were oak saplings. A travelling pine tree salesman approached a Canadian passerby, and offered to sell him a tree, in a pitch similar to the following excerpt.
Salesman: "Would you like to buy a tree, sir?" Canadian: "Oak, eh."
The Canadian was given a pine tree to use that Christmas, as were many other Canadian families. Thousands of oak loving children cried that Christmas.
In the Medical Field
The abbreviation "OK" was informally used to communicate some type of anus rash (light to severe) was present, mainly used between and among doctors. Also, for a doctor, hearing the Ola Kala was a quick way to take stock of a situation. Doctors had to mentally prepare themselves before entering a room with a patient that had "OK". It was common for a patient with "OK" to sit for great lengths of time waiting to be treated, as every doctor tried as hard as possible to avoid having to be the one to treat those patients.
Uses in the United States
"OK," sometimes spelled as "okay," is the most recognized word in the United States of America today, and rightly so. It was first used in the United States in the mid 1960's when the coach of the Birmingham Firehoses, a professional baseball team, told a player named Rosco Peterson, "Go get them Niggers!" to which Rosco replied, "OK". To this day the word has been widely used in the United States. It is often heard in gay bars (this usually is accompanied by a flick of the wrist) and even known to be the first words spoken when a prostitute asks a virgin if he wants to conduct business.
Today, the word is also used in the U.S. when a question is asked to a person that does not speak the language in which the question was asked;
For example:
Englishman - "What type of tea would you like?"...Spaniard - "OK".
Asian - "Small or Large Boba?"...American - "OK".
African American - "You strapped?"...Canadian - "OK".
But some say that O.K. would be the abbreviation of Donkey Kong's long lost brother, Onkey Kong.
Common questions in which "OK" is used as a response
Alight, I get it. You win.
Often, when a individual is lost in the moment of a ridiculous and also lude thought, s/he will respond paradoxically to any question with the same initial reply (OK). This is a physiological response orchastrated by a severely imbalanced brain chemistry as a result of massive head trauma sustained during the fifth grade, as well as a strong sense of shame from the act of masterbation. A similar condition with the exact same symptoms as described above is caused by a cell phone somehow being accidentally glued or hammered into the side of the face. The only known cure for this unfortunate condition is a swift kick, punch, slap, or similar impulsive event, to the opposite side of the head. Also, a pail of hot or cold water can be applied to the area. If you've done it right, the battery will short circuit, inducing a sizeable shock to the brain. This kills enough brain cells in precisely the correct region to render the patient brain dead, incapable of any linguistic vocalizations in the first place.
The following are common situations in which a sufferer will exhibit the response "OK":
 - "Paper or plastic, sir?"
 - "And what kind of drink with that?"
 - "I'm gonna bash you, gay!"
 - "Can I have the rest of your french fries?"
 - "I'm an American, so I smell like a poof."
 - "According to my calculations, if you 67/8x93+rfha+67 Should make all of us want to make a lot of maths!"
 - "What the hell are you doing on me?!?! GET THE HELL OFF!"
 - "Stop raping me!"
 - "No."
 - "Yes."
 - "This isn't making much sense."
 - "Eat something,"
 - "Hello, I am a gay. You fancy a bum?"
 - "I'm considering whether you need a good punch in the weiner."
Personal tools


text:
Assay of Aliphatic Phthalates in Polymer Products by Sensitive Polarographic Method: Health and Environmental Issue
A faster, simpler and sensitive method was developed for determination of aliphatic phthalates using differential pulse polarography (DPP) as standard technique. The choice and concentration of base electrolyte, solvent, initial potential, effect of water addition and interference by other phthalates were the main parameters to optimize for enhancement of peak current and to obtain well-defined polarogram with lower background current using 1.3 x 10-4 M di-butyl phthalate (DBP) solution. Best results were obtained in the presence of tetra methyl ammonium bromide (TMAB) as electrolyte in methanol solvent with initial potential, -1.4 V. A linear calibration plot was observed in the range of 3 x 10-7 – 1.6 x 10-4 M DBP solution as aliphatic phthalates with lower detection limit of 5.9 x 10-8 M and linear regression coefficient of 0.9987. The developed polarographic method was successfully applied for analysis of aliphtaic phthalates in various samples of locally available polymer products such as baby toys, nipples, teethers, infusion blood bags and shopping bags. The results of the current method were compared with those obtained by a reported method and good agreement was found between them
Submission of a manuscript to the Journal will be taken to imply that:
- The work is original and has not been previously published (except in the form of an abstract or a part of a published lecture, review or thesis).
- It is not being considered for publication elsewhere, and
- If accepted for publication, it will NOT be published commercially elsewhere in the same form, in any language, without the consent of Editor or Publisher.


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More or Less?
Are these estimates of physical quantities accurate?
Biology Measurement Challenge
Consider these objects, images for which are given below:
 1. Mitochondria
 2. Arabis voch pollen
 3. Ring stage of Plasmodium falciparum
 4. Tuberculosis bacterium
 5. Human red blood cell
 6. Human nerve cell
 7. The eye of a needle
 8. Cat hair
 9. Snowflake crystal
How many do you recognise? Can you put them in order of length? Cross-sectional area? Volume? Once in order, how many of the smaller objects would fit into the larger objects?
Discussion point: What measurement difficulties does this task raise?
You can see the images, some of which contain scale information, below
Mitochondria, mammalian lung - TEM (2)
Arabis voch pollen
Arabis voch1-1
Ring stage of Plasmodium falciparum
Plasmodium falciparum in Red Blood Cells
Tuberculosis bacterium
Mycobacterium tuberculosis 8438 lores
Human red blood cell
SEM blood cells
Human nerve cell
Myelinated neuron
The eye of a needle
Eye of a Needle
Cat hair
ESEM BSE cat hair No1194 10kV 1000x 680Pa
Snowflake Crystal
Snow crystals
The URLS of these beautiful images are as follows:
 - Mitochondria -,_mammalian_lung_-_TEM_%282%29.jpg
 - Arabis voch Pollen -
 - Plasmodium falciparum -
 - Bacterium (tuberculosis) -
 - Human red blood -
 - Nerve cell -
 - Eye of a needle -
 - Cat hair -
 - Snow crystals - png:


Integrations guideline
Additional resources
How to create an escalation policy?
Select escalations from sidebar
Head over the escalations section on the dashboard and click on new escalation
An example escalation policy
 1. Make sure to give a good identifiable name based on the team members in it.
 2. Add multiple escalation levels
 3. Add a time to wait before automatically escalating if incident is open (not acknowledged or resolved)
 4. Save
Avoid adding any time interval for the last step where escalation ends.
Simultaneous alerts
If you would like to receive simultaneous alerts for either you, your team or Slack, Teams, etc then we highly recommend adding multiple alerts in one escalation step vs creating another step with 0 minutes as interval.
Avoid 0 minutes interval


There have been numerous videos that show a missile hitting WTC 2. The UFO or whatever it is is also seen in many of them.
UPDATE: Flight 175, according to pilotsfor911 truth, was a Boeing 767-222. The length was 159 ft. 2″. The object in this video was much shorter as can be seen by comparing it to the building face, approx. 208 ft.
Types of precision-guided ammunition 1 Radio-controlled weapons 2 Infrared-guided weapons 3 Laser-guided weapons 4 Radar, infrared, IR imaging and electro-optical guided weapons 5 Millimeter-wave radar 6 Satellite-guided weapons 7 Advanced guidance concepts 8 Cannon Launched Guided Projectiles 9 Guided small arms


text:
This book covers the fundamental properties and the description of single photons and light beams, experimentally and theoretically. It explains the essentials of linear interactions and most nonlinear interactions between light and matter in both the transparent and absorbing cases. It also provides a basic understanding of modern quantum optics and lasers, as well as the principles of nonlinear optical spectroscopy. It is self-consistent and enriched by a large number of calculated illustrations, examples, and descriptive tables. Graduate students in physics and electrical engineering, as well as other sciences, will find this book a thorough introduction to the field, while for lecturers and scientists it is a rich source of useful information and a ready-to-hand reference. The new edition has been thoroughly expanded and revised in all sections.
Visit Website |


VetMed Solutions Canada
Frequently Asked Questions – For After Surgery Wear E-Collar Alternative
If you have a question that is not here about After Surgery Wear or about our other products, please contact us.
Product Questions
Q: How do male animals go on walks?
A: To prevent access to the wound, After Surgery Wear does not have an opening for male animals to urinate. Before letting your pet out, the product must be partially removed from the back legs by following the instructions below:
STEP 1: Untie the last two pairs of strings and take the product off from the back legs.
STEP 2: Tightly roll and compress the fabric forward while tucking in one pair of strings and leaving one pair out
STEP 3: Retie the pair of strings left outside around the body and ensure the area is clear to allow the animal to urinate
STEP 4: Dress the animal back after returning from the walk and visually verify that the fabric is clean
Q: How do female animals go on walks?
A: After Surgery Wear has a cut in the back to allow most female animals to urinate/excrete without removing the product. It is recommended to perform a visual check upon applying the product to ensure your pet can safely urinate with the product on.
Q: Do all cats and dogs tolerate After Surgery Wear?
A: Yes, usually cats and dogs tolerate the dressings. After Surgery Wear is specifically designed for animals in order to optimize comfort and effectiveness although it is easier for cats to adjust to the dressing while still under anesthesia.
Q: What's the difference between the durable and robust fabrics?
A: Our two fabric types ensure comfort and safety is optimized for animals. Durable fabrics come in a mix of colours and are stretchable while robust fabrics are only available in teal green and are non-stretchable. The non-stretchable feature provides extra strength against wear and tear of the dressing.
Q: Are the post-operative dressings reusable? How do I wash them?
A: Yes, After Surgery Wear is reusable after sterilizing or machine washing in high temperatures (95 degrees max). Before washing the product, it is recommended to tie a knot at the end of each string to reduce the possibility of fraying. To minimize the possibility of shrinkage, hang to dry.
Q: Do all units come with a hygienic pad? What can I use it for?
A: Sizes XXS, XS, S, M, ML, and L come with an adhesive hygienic pad which may be used for additional protection and to absorb discharge. The absorbed discharge may also be used by clinicians for diagnostic purposes. Please contact us if you require additional hygienic pads. Alternatively, a regular feminine pad may be used available at a local drug store.
Q: How can I choose the right size for patients?
A: After Surgery Wear is available in nine sizes to ensure a proper fit for nearly all cats and dogs. To determine the correct size, measure the distance between the center of the upper front leg to the center of the upper back leg. If the sizing falls in between, it is recommended to select a larger size. The cotton strings may be adjusted in length which ensures a custom and secure fit for every animal
Q: Should I trim the strings?
A: To accommodate to all sizes of animals and ensure the product is universal, the strings come a little longer than needed for most animals. If the strings appear too long after tying them on the animal, then yes it is recommended to shorten their length by trimming the end. For multiple use do not trim the ends but tuck the excess under the dressing. It is recommended to tie a single knot at the end of each one. The knot will also prevent the strings from fraying during the wash after they are trimmed.
Q: How should I tie the strings?
A: Always start with the middle string. In the event that the product is slightly looser on the animal, or the last strings are over the animal's tail, the last pair of strings should be crisscrossed with the second last pair of strings to ensure a secure fit (Tie the left side of the last string with the right side of the second last string and vice-versa).
How can I place an order?
A: Online: through our order form
A: By Phone: We accept Visa, MasterCard, and usually ship the same day. Call us at _PHONE_ at any time of the day and week to place an order.
A: By Email: We check emails constantly and will respond to your requests immediately. Simply email us at: and we will call you back to confirm your order.
How to Stay Connected
A: For frequent updates on After Surgery Wear, connect with us on social media _USER_
You may also contact us with specific questions by email, or by calling _PHONE_.


Soapbox Art & Science Oxford is being sponsored by P2i: We catch up with CTO Dr Stephen Coulson about supporting science outreach
Soapbox Art & Science Oxford is generously supported by P2i. Dr Stephen Coulson is the CTO and founder of P2i, the global leader in liquid repellent nanotechnology, delivering hydrophobic nano-coating solutions that provide the highest levels of liquid repellency. Headquartered in England, P2i operate in 19 countries across 5 continents with 148 employees globally. P2i support the Global electronics industry by integrating nano coatings into existing manufacturing lines and have to date processed over 200 million electronic devices in mass produciton. We caught up with Stephen about his involvement with Soapbox Art & Science.
SS: Stephen, what is your background and how did you come to found P2i?
I'm a chemist by training and after completing a PhD at Durham University, I took up a position with my sponsor, Dstl, to complete the application for military use. As it is a very visual technology, with water beading up and rolling off any surface, it was easy to engage Venture Capital interest and we finally spun out P2i at the end of January 2004.
SS: What attracted you to Soapbox Science?
I like the informal and interactive approach that is being taken that makes it highly accessible for all.
SS: Why is it important for researchers and companies to make their work accessible to the public?
There is so much going on in the world where certain areas are often carried out behind closed doors and don't have a loud enough voice. Soapbox Science will help increase awareness of what can be achieved by better understanding the world we live in.
SS: P2i has expanded globally, as has Soapbox Science! If you could bring Soapbox Science to one city or region where you work, where would it be and why?
Although not a specific location, I think initially it needs to take place in regions where they have the infrastructure in place to convert the interest generated by Soapbox Science into increased intake of women into STEM subjects. From this platform there will be an argument for more infrastructure to be created in regions of lower employment with the correct demographic to drive further intake and future employment.
SS: The Oxford event will see art mix together with science, does P2i work in any cross-disciplinary ways and could you describe the value in reaching out to other sectors?
Cross-fertilization of ideas is the main source of innovation so is a necessity that we have followed from day one.
SS: And finally, if you were stood on a Soapbox telling people about your work, what is the one thing you would hope they would take away with them?
Science can make the impossible come true to better people's lives, and anyone can do it.
This entry was posted in Event promotion, Science communication tips. Bookmark the permalink.


text:
The TouchYou is a pair of sensitive and stimulation interfaces that is able of measur-ing the touch and of remotely providing a multi-sensorial stimulation, simulating the touching of the skin. The system consists in the sensitive interface, which is a weara-ble and flexible touchpad like sensor for detecting the position of the touch and its pressure against the skin, and its pair, the stimulation interface. The stimulation is provided by a matrix of electrodes connected to an electrical stimulator (e-stim), vibration motors and flexible heaters for simulating the temperature of the skin.
The interface was developed with the aim of applying haptic sensing and stimulation technologies for reducing the problem of the lack of physical interaction between couples living apart. We developed a pair of sensing and stimulation interfaces that are portable, wearable and can communicate wirelessly with computers and smartphones for enabling the transmission of the touch over the internet.
The TouchYou is a pair of touch sensitive and stimulation interfaces for detecting the touch and simulating it in a long distance. The primary use is for transmitting the touch for couples in a long distance relationship, but the touch interface can be used as a smart skin for sex robots and sex toys, besides the possibility of the couple using their own bodies for stimulating their partner remotely during the virtual sex. The TouchYou presents as a good option to overcome the problem of lack of physical contact for couples and relatives that are living apart, and its technology is promising in the field of human-computer interaction.
One of the outputs of this project was developing a low cost method for building a flexible and wareable capactive touch interface, which can be done at home.
This is an ongoing project. The touch sensor is already developed, and it is able of measuring the position of the touch and the force applied. Its interface also can transmit the touch data to a computer by bluetooth. The next step is to improve and test the touch stimulator interface.
The touch stimulation interface was designed for providing the feeling of being touched remotely. This interface is wearable and its output, or stimulation response, depends on the touch detected by the sensitive interface. The design of the touch stimulation interface considered meeting the requirement that it should create a sensation of a moving touch through the skin, not only by mechanical stimulation, but also by other stimuli. Besides the vibrations, the interface is able of stimulating thermally and electrically the skin and muscles.
For covering a relatively large surface of the skin while the interface was being worn, we decided to place the electrodes in a matrix pattern, where each element of the matrix is a pair of electrodes. We used two types of electrodes: 15 spike dry electrodes and 9 wet electrodes, combined in a total of 12 pairs. The using of spike dry electrodes was preferable in this design, because those electrodes don't need the use of conductive gel and have a better performance when in contact with hairy skin, but the total required number wasn't available at the moment of building the prototype. The electrodes of the lines and columns (3x4) were connected to each other respectively, and a 3D printed cap was fitted over the head of each electrode and wire, keeping the connection safe and fixing the set in the elastic fabric.
For creating the sensation of a moving touch, we change the pair of conducting electrodes by changing what line and column are active, and the electrical stimulation will occur in the closest pair of electrodes. In addition to the electrical stimulation, we included 6-coin vibration motors, as shown in the figure below, between the electrode pairs. The motors were used for creating an additional sensation of touch, for example simulating the moment that the finger touches the skin or when the finger slides from one point to another.
The third touch stimulation method is by thermally stimulating, simulating the temperature of the human body. For creating this effect, we used 3 flexible heaters, or polyamide heating film plate. Each heater had 30x40 mm dimension, could be supplied with 5 V and provide 1 W of power, which was enough for keeping their temperature at about 37°C. The heaters were glued to a smaller elastic fabric (A) and then, fixed over the initial set of electrodes and motors by using velcro (B). We also installed temperature sensors for each heater, so we could control the temperature for no overheating the system and the skin in contact with the interface.
The touch stimulation interface can be worn in any part of the body, and in the figure below we show the interface being worn in the arm.
After programming the arduino of the touch sensor and making it transmitting the touch information to the computer, I designed a Python script for plotting the touch (file available)
In this stage, I plotted the touch as a image that updates in realtime as changes in the touch are detected. The force applied during the touch is represented by a reddening of the pixel representing the place where was touched.
In the next stages, we will use the information of the touch to control the stimulation interface and to control other stuff.
The hardware for measuring the touch sensor and for communicating with the computer and the stimulation interface of the TouchYou needed to meet some requirements, for example being portable and having wireless communication. For reading the touch sensor, I used a breakout board with the MPR121 capacitive touch sensor controller. This module features twelve electrodes detection, configurable I2C address, a filtering system with debounce, and proximity detection and auto-calibration. The interface with the touch controller was made by using an Arduino Pro Mini board, with was connected with a HM10 Bluetooth module for the wireless communication. We also included a 3.7V Lipo Battery and a USB Lipo charger module, for hardware portability. A button for selecting the function mode, a LED and a vibration motor were also included for visual and tactile response for the hardware functioning.
In addition of measuring the position where the touch occurred, we also measure the pressure (or the force) of the touch. For the pressure sensing function, we chosen to use two force-sensitive resistors (FSR) attached to the surface underneath the touch sensor.
In this build log, I would like to show how I built the touch sensor using the thermal transfer method.
The method for creating the flexible touch sensor was similar to the one for PCB, but instead of using a copper board, we used a copper foil tape and a polyamide tape as a substrate. I have chosen the polyamide tape because of its relatively low cost and its insulating and high temperature stability characteristics. I printed the pattern for the lines and columns separately in the heat toner transfer paper, (A) and then we fixed each pattern over the copper foil tape (B).
The copper foil tape with the printed paper was then placed on the surface of a heat press printer machine (A), which could be substituted by a clothes iron. The advantage of using the machine is to control the pressure applied to the hot surface, the temperature and the time of the process. In our method, we used 180°C and 70 seconds, which was enough for transferring the pattern from the paper to the cop-per tape. As the width of our polyamide and copper tape width were smaller than the sensor dimensions, we needed to join the strips for creating the substrate and the full sensor pattern (B and C). The copper tape was then glued on the polyamide tape.
The last step of making the flexible touch sensor was to etch the copper in a similar way that is done for the PCBs. We dipped the copper and the substrate in a solution of ferric chloride, responsible for corroding and removing unwanted copper, leaving only the pattern of lines and columns of electrodes and its contacts. The two layers (lines and columns) were then cleaned, dried and glued one on the top of the other, creating the matrix pattern (A). The sensor was flexible enough so it could be placed around the wrist, meeting the initial requirement of designing a wearable touch interface ( B).


text:
Risks of their coal terminal
reports on opposition to Washington's planned Gateway Pacific Terminal--which activists say will harm both the environment and local residents' health.
MORE THAN 100 opponents of a proposed coal terminal to be located just north of Bellingham, Wash., at Cherry Point rallied at the federal courthouse on August 31.
The rally is part of an ongoing campaign that has enlisted workers, students, the unemployed and environmentalists in opposition to the Gateway Pacific Terminal (GPT). The campaign has won support across the region. People attended from Seattle, Everett and other parts of Western Washington. There was also a contingent from Occupy Spokane, more than 300 miles away.
After rallying at the courthouse, the demonstration marched to City Hall for another rally, after which many protestors briefly blocked the nearby train tracks while being photographed by railroad police. Over a dozen port opponents were arrested for a previous action blocking the tracks, but there were no arrests at this rally.
People around the region are concerned because of the potential impact that GPT would have on their health and the environment. Coal is the world's largest source of greenhouse gas emissions. The transport of coal will be a health hazard, releasing tons of coal dust across an area stretching from Montana to the Washington coast. If the terminal is built, 54 million metric tons of coal are expected to be exported yearly.
Proponents of the terminal are spending thousands on TV ads touting its environmental safeguards. They claim that the coal dust will be controlled by wetting it. Yet studies show that 80 percent of coal dust from trains drops out of the bottom of cars, and there is little if any way to limit this. The terminal developer, Carrix/SSA Marine, was caught in the summer of 2011--before environmental impact statements were completed--destroying wetlands to begin construction before getting required permits.
According to the environmental fact sheet "Facts about the proposed coal export from Cherry Point," the potential impact of the GPT include:
Threats to our health, clean air and water: Coal dust escaping from open coal trains and storage piles, and diesel exhaust from coal trains and cargo ships, would threaten human health, Whatcom County's clean air, and water quality in Puget Sound.
The wide-ranging health dangers of coal dust include exposure to toxic heavy metals such as lead, selenium and mercury. Coal dust leads to increased asthma, wheezing and coughing in children. Toxic pollution from diesel exhaust is linked to stunted lung development, increased probability of heart attacks, lung cancer, worsening asthma and infant mortality.
A comprehensive 2001 study of coal dust emissions in Canada found that the Westshore Terminal near Tsawassen, B.C., emits roughly 715 metric tons of coal dust a year. The report states that "coal terminals by their nature are active sources of fugitive dust." According to the rail operator, BNSF, every coal car can lose as much as 500 pounds of coal dust en route...
Exporting coal means more global warming pollution: Current plans call for as much as 50 million tons of coal to be shipped through Whatcom County annually to be burned in Asian coal plants. Burning that much more coal every year would produce more global warming pollution than all the cars in Oregon and Washington combined in one year.
Other potential effects of the GPT include disrupting an aquatic reserve at Cherry Point, snarling traffic at train crossings throughout the area, creating noise pollution from trains, and increased public expenditure on overpasses, bridges and other infrastructure needed just for this project. The public would be heavily subsidizing several profitable corporations by paying for this otherwise unneeded infrastructure.
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THE COAL terminal is being pushed by both corporations and politicians. Besides Carrix/SSA Marine, Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railways (BNSF) would carry the coal. Peabody Energy is the world's largest private coal company and would make millions off of the Bellingham terminal.
Billionaire investor Warren Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway just bought BNSF. Goldman Sachs is partnering with Carrix on the project (apparently destroying the economy was not enough--now it wants to wreck the environment as well).
The terminal project is also heavily supported by politicians. Rob Murray, husband of Democratic Sen. Patty Murray, is employed by Carrix/SSA Marine. Other politicians endorsing the project include Democratic U.S. Rep. Rick Larsen and Democratic Washington Gov. Christine Gregoire, along with Republicans and local officials.
Unfortunately, labor is divided on the issue. A number of unions and labor groups, including the Maritime Trades Department of the AFL-CIO, the Washington State Labor Council, the International Longshore and Warehouse Union–Puget Sound District Council, among others, have endorsed the GPT, according to the project's website.
Their rationale is the 200 permanent union jobs the project is expected to create. Proponents claim that the construction of the terminal will create 2,000 temporary jobs as well. However, a study by an independent nonprofit agency, Community Wise Bellingham, claims that the negative impact on businesses in Bellingham, in the shortand long-term, would destroy as many jobs as the terminal creates.
It's understandable why labor would support any project that seems to offer jobs in the current economic climate. But unions can't ignore the warnings that this project represents a real threat to the health of our community and the environment--including their members. These things can't be sacrificed for corporate profits in return for the promise of jobs.
It's important for unions to work with the community--and vice versa--as part of a movement to demand not only environmental protections, but the creation of permanent "green jobs."
The organizing will continue after this rally. Activists intend to continuing rallying, educating the public and doing everything they can to stop the terminal--including joining forces with other grassroots groups near the rail lines that are scheduled to bring the coal to the port.
From the movement against hydraulic fracking to the opposition to the Keystone XL oil pipeline, opposition is mounting against those who wish to destroy our environment for the sake of profits.


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WELCOME TO THE HSCL PARENT'S PAGE!
Welcome back! Keep an eye on this page as well as the Homepage for details on upcoming events,coffee mornings, classes, workshops etc.These will more than likely take place in Term two or Term three due to Covid restrictions. Unfortunately, the Parent's Room is closed until further notice so there will be no access to the Parent's Library or the Stories For Bedtime. I will keep you updated in this.
Some useful links for any Back To School anxiety:
_URL_ supporting wellbeing at school communities
NEPs (National Educational Psychology Service) also has a welbeing webinar and a wellbeing toolkit on their website.
Tips for Parent's on getting your child settled back to school:
- Establish and maintain a good morning routine
- Get up early enough to avoid rushing
- Make sure they go to bed on time and get enough sleep (according to The Sleep Council, 3-6yr olds need 10-12 hours of sleep per day,older children need 10-11 hours)
- Include a healthy, filling breakfast as part of the morning routine
- Walk to school if possible. This will help with their concentration levels in school
- Have a treat on Fridays to mark the end of the week (movie night,games night etc)
- Listen to any worries they may have, acknowledge their worries and stay calm
- Try not to pass your own stresses and anxieties on to your kids(this may be difficult at times)
- Remember: Things will get easier once they are settled into their school and homework routine.
Please click on and download links below for more Parenting tips on Back To School.
Click on the link below for tips on encouraging good attendance at school:
Please click on the link below for useful tips on teaching independence to your Junior or Senior Infant.
Parents' delicious recipes to try:
Healthy Garlic Chicken Kiev, by Gill Hyland
Pan fry flattened chicken with olive oil or knob of butter.
Blitz a cauliflower in a blender until you get a couscous like consistency
Melt coconut oil on a high heat in a pan.Stir fry the cauliflower for about 4 minutes.
For the Kiev sauce topping: mix together a generous knob of softened butter,three crushed cloves of garlic and half a bunch of chopped parsley.
Spoon this into the pan with the chicken,baste and turn until the chicken is SMOTHERED in garlicky lovliness.
serve up the rice, top with the chicken and spoon over the butter. Finish with chopped walnuts and the rest of the chopped parsley.
If you have any delicious and healthy recipes that you would like to contribute to our hscl page, please email Elizabeth at _EMAIL_.
Gill's Flapjacks (Click and Download link below)
Delicious recipes from our Recipe Club (Click on link below and Download)
Tips for Parents of Junior Infant children:
- Children need plenty of rest after the excitement of school. Make sure they go to bed early.
- Show a continued interest in whats happening in his/her daily adventures.Listen to all the stories but don't pester your child with questions.
- Try not to compare your child with other children especially while he/she is listening.
- Be careful not to criticise the Teacher in the child's presence as it might demotivate the child.
- When it comes to homework-plenty of patience and praise is needed!
- Children may forget to give you important messages, so please check their school bag daily.
- _URL_ is a good website, as is helpmykidlearn.ie
- Walk or cycle to/ from school if at all possible. The fresh air and exercise will help your child concentrate better in the mornings and it will re-energise your child after a long day in school.
- Remember to label everything clearly from pencil cases to jumpers and coats, as they can and will go missing!
- Please see link below on tips for teaching your child independence
Finally, enjoy your child's first year in Harold's Cross National School!
SOME HEALTHY LUNCH BOX IDEAS:
- Day one:Small break-yogurt, plum. Big break-tuna wrap with mix pepper and sweetcorn.
- Day two: Small break-pear,milk. Big break-pasta salad with chicken-chick peas.
- Day three: Small break -mixed veg sticks and hummus. Big break-pitta pocket with cheese, lettuce and relish. fruit salad.
- The key is to introduce variety and keep lunches interesting.Involve your child in preparing the lunch(this might save you time in the long run). Drinks should be milk or water and encourage your child to drink plenty of fluids throughout the day.
Please note that we have a no egg and nut policy in school due to allergies.
I have some leaflets and a small number of recipe books in the parent's room for more healthy food ideas. If you would like to donate some healthy recipe books to the parents library, we would be delighted! (When the Parent's Room is reopened)
LETS REDUCE OUR SCREEN TIME:
- COUNT how many hours your child is spending on the screen (including television)
- REDUCE the amount of time your child spends on screens gradually
- MONITOR the content
- Encourage PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES/HOBBIES to replace amount of time spent on screens
- Take out the BOARD GAMES for rainy days
- Join the LIBRARY
- Encourage screen free PLAY DATE
- click on the link below for tips on how to teach your child independance
Role of the Home School Liaison Teacher:
The aim of the Home School Community Liaison (HSCL) is to promote partnership between home, school and the community and to ensure that every family participates fully in the school scheme. Harold's Cross NS recognises the role of parents as the primary educators of their children, the influence of the home environment and seeks to promote a partnership between school and parents and the local community.
- The HSCL teacher is available to discuss on a personal level, matters of concern with parents.
- Listen,encourage, support and offer suggestions on how parents can support their children.
- Offer free courses for parents.
- Offer one to one support to parents on how to get the best from their child's learning.


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Introduction to Graphic Design for Teens (Summer 2013)
Summer Teens Ages 15-18
You may love band t-shirts, posters, magazines, and other graphic materials, but don't quite understand how they are made. This class is the perfect introduction for teens interested in learning more about graphic design.
Students will explore image-making, basic typography, and the integration of the two through a series of fun and fast-paced assignments and exercises. All projects will address form, composition, hierarchy, and creativity. Students will develop a design process and a more critical visual vocabulary through experimentation, exploration, and group critiques. Teens enrolled in this class should expect to work in the MCAD computer labs and at home. / Facilities fee of $40 in addition to class tuition.
Prerequisite: Basic familiarity with the Mac OS X operating system. Experience with the Adobe Creative Suite is helpful, but not required.
What to bring: Sketchbook; pen or pencil; drawing materials; USB drive; three examples of graphic design that you like (such as books, magazines, posters, t-shirts, food labels, etc.) or links to work or websites on the internet; some ideas for a self-directed project.
Students in this class must be at least 15 years of age, and no older than 18 years of age, the date of the first class meeting. View our complete policies here.


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A Mixed-method Taxonomy of Child Poverty: A Case Study from Rural Ethiopia
- Date: 04 Apr 2012
- Series: Working Paper 76
- Author: Keetie Roelen and Laura Camfield
- Download the file ( English, 339 KB, PDF document )
Summary: There are long-standing debates about how to measure poverty and well-being and how to classify household and individuals in terms of poverty status. This paper informs those debates. It presents a taxonomy of poverty and vulnerability that has been developed from a mixed methods study of rural children and households in Ethiopia. Qualitative information is used to inform and development of quantitative indicators that will assess poverty and vulnerability.
The taxonomy was developed using a 'generic construction process' that includes five steps: identification of the purposes of the study, formulation of a conceptual framework, selection and formulation of both the domains and then the indicators, and finally, construction of outcome measures. The data used in this construction process were gathered from children and adults across eight rural sites in Ethiopia. Children discussed their attitudes and views about what it meant to be poor. Additionally, adult responses were gathered about certain households. They were asked to classify specified households at present, and to recall how the same households were classified 25 years ago. This, along with household histories, provided a descriptive picture of change over time. Indicators that emerged included things like owning draught animals, which was a clear sign that a household was moving out of poverty. In contrast, owning no land or livestock indicated severe poverty.
These indicators, identified through qualitative measures, form the basis for quantitative measures of poverty that are relevant to rural Ethiopian contexts. By constructing a taxonomy in this way, this study makes a significant contribution to the debates about how to measure poverty and classify individuals or households.


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A correctly dimensioned electrical system contributes to comfortable and problem-free boat ownership. Therefore, batteries must be charged to the correct capacity, i.e. to supply the correct number of ampere hours (Ah). In turn, this requires an alternator that supplies a sufficient charge to the batteries. Insufficiently dimensioned, oxidized or badly connected cables, incorrect main switch, etc., lead to current leakage and insufficient charging. In other words, there is every reason to examine the electrical systems and, if necessary, improve it to attain the benefits of maximum battery capacity.
Today's boats are equipped with more and more electrically powered accessories for both comfort and safety. Lighting, radio transmitters, TV, stereo equipment, fans, heating, etc., drain battery power. As the charging of batteries takes a relatively long time, an extra charge alternator and an extra battery are good investments.
The Volvo Penta alternators range from 60A/12V to 140A/24V. They are adapted to the capacity of each engine to ensure efficient charging regardless of engine speed.


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- The perfect present for the tween-aged child that is hard to shop for!
- Learn how to grow friendly molds and bacteria in petri dishes
- Discover what creatures live on YOU!
- Learn the scientific reason of what causes passing gas and stinky feet
- This unusual kit makes science FUN!
What's grosser than gross' Disgusting Science is the grossest, gooiest, most revolting science kit out there. Grow your own friendly germs and fuzzy molds. Mix up a batch of coagulating fake blood. Even make a stinky intestine model.
Learn the science behind sticky and icky bodily functions while doing some truly nasty experiments. Your little scientist will love this disgusting twist on regular science kits. All experiments are safe and kid-friendly.Revolting, Disgusting, Studying, Science, Explorer's
- Scientific Explorer's Mind Blowing Science Kit for Young Scientists
- Scientific Explorer's The Magic Science Wizard's Kit
- Are Killer Viruses Things of Beauty?
- Oregon Scientific Star Wars The Clone Wars Laptop
- Things To Consider While Purchasing Chromashift Educational Toys For Toddlers


Goleta Slough flooding poses problems
Mosquitoes, birds and endangered trout raise issues
POSTED: 03:57 PM PDT May 16, 2013 UPDATED: 09:08 PM PDT May 16, 2013
GOLETA, Calif. -
The Goleta Slough is an area where fresh water and ocean water meet, but a sand berm is blocking the natural flow.
The water is flooding the area between the Santa Barbara Airport and Goleta Beach.
A pipeline was put in to siphon the water off, but it isn't working fast enough.
Mosquito management experts say they caught 25,000 mosquitoes in traps during one night, usually they only catch 200.
And the mosquitoes are the kind that can carry the West Nile virus.
The area is also attracting large birds though could cause airplane bird strikes.
Airport planners wanted to bulldoze the sand and silt that has built up since March, but that could threaten endangered steelhead trout.
Airport planners instend to ask the California Coastal Commission and the Army Corps of Engineers for permission.
The flooding has also stalled work on a fish ladder in the San Jose Creek.


Zonal Plan
Dwarka Phase 2 (Zone– L {West Delhi-III})
The basic objectives of Zonal Plan for Planning Dwarka Phase 2 ( Zone 'L' ) under MPD 2021 are:
 1. Improved accessibility/ connectivity with both the Urban Extension and the Rural Areas.
 2. Upgrade Infrastructure
 3. Preserve natural resources and eco system
The zone covers an area of 22,979 ha. is surrounded by the following:
 1. NH-10 / Rohtak Road and Railway line, in the North
 2. Dwarka Phase 2 ( Zone 'L' ) mainly comprising of Dwarka Sub–City, in the East and
 3. The National Capital Territory of Delhi boundary on it's southern and western sides.
Approximately 46 villages fall in this zone (Refer Annexure I). Najafgarh is one of the major urban agglomerations. Other settlements like Tikri Kalan, Dhansa, Jharoda Kalan, Jasfarpur Kalan etc are major rural settlements.
 1. Population as per Census –1981 = 88,342
 2. Population as per Census –1991 = 1,57,561
 3. Projected popularization by the year 2001 (as per trend 1981 – 91)
Dwarka Phase 2 ( L-Zone ) Features
 1. Covers a large land bank adjoining to Dwarka Subcity in West Delhi. It is also one of the priority areas for residential development.
 2. The Area all together is connected to Dwarka, International Airport, Residential and Industrial Area of Gurgaon, Manesar and Dwarka Expressway and two proposed highway corridors passing through the zone.
 3. Planned diplomatic enclave in Dwarka attracting VVIP security and excellent ambiance.
 4. Close proximity to the forthcoming 186 acres 18 hole golf course (upcoming).
 5. The Najafgarh Jheel demarcates Delhi from Gurugram on this part.
 6. The area falling between the four landmarks, namely, the stretch of Jheel on one side, Dwarka on another, NH-10 (Rohtak Highway) on another, and Jhajjar (Haryana) on another.
 7. The villages on the periphery of Delhi would be retained as green belts, acting as the lungs of Delhi.
 8. The upswing in residential zone land prices in Dwarka Phase 2 ( Zone-L ) are likely to be higher in comparison to other zones
 9. The planned second diplomatic enclave in Dwarka attracting VVIP security and its excellent ambiance.
 10. The proposed AIIMS II.
 11. The forthcoming Kundli-Manesar-Palwal Expressway, among others.
 12. The area is also in close proximity to South Delhi.
 13. This is about 5 to 10% of the total area available in Delhi for urbanization.
 14. New farm houses shall be only allowed in the green belt zone.
 15. The Dwarka Phase 2 ( L zone ) consists of 21 peripheral villages abutting Haryana.
 16. The city is yet to spend/develop the infrastructure in these zones. 900 acres in Dwarka Phase 2 ( Zone L) have been earmarked for a water reservoir by the Delhi government.
 17. The Delhi government thinking is to have this zone act as the lungs of Delhi.
 18. Farm houses in South Delhi are expensively priced between pays 15 to 20 crores per acre.
 19. Investors in Delhi are excited that they have an opportunity to invest in a farmhouse at reasonable prices that exist in L and R zones.
 20. Greenbelt near Gurugram sectors have already seen 100% appreciation. Still, even today it is a good investment option as with passage of time, prices will continue to march northwards.


Writing Device Drivers
Third-Party DMA
In general, the driver should perform these steps for third-party DMA.
 1. Allocate a DMA channel.
 3. Lock the DMA object in memory (see physio(9F)).
 Note -
 This step is not necessary in block drivers for buffers coming from the file system, as the file system has already locked the data in memory.
 4. Allocate DMA resources for the object.
 5. Program the system DMA engine to perform the transfer with ddi_dmae_prog(9F).
 6. Perform any required object synchronizations.
 7. Stop the DMA engine with ddi_dmae_stop(9F).
 8. Release the DMA resources.
 9. Deallocate the DMA channel.
 10. Free the DMA handle.
Certain hardware platforms may restrict DMA capabilities in a bus-specific way. Drivers should use ddi_slaveonly(9F) to determine if the device is in a slot in which DMA is possible. For an example, see "attach()".


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HOME | LAWS | ORGANIZATIONS | CASES | LEGISLATION | HEADLINES
Renovations in the New Cumberland, Pennsylvania, public library caused a stir in the local home school community because of a new mural that some home schoolers found offensive.
According to WHTM News, Dawn Gribb, the artist who painted the mural, was trying to "do something to get the kids to go down to the children's room." She painted children running around in a park, each child having the name of a local school on his or her T-shirt. The one student in the painting, who had "home schooled" on his shirt, was a young boy sitting on a bench with a "Wet Paint" sign on it. Gribb says that she was trying to portray a young toddler who couldn't yet read.
Local home schoolers, however, were offended, believing that the mural implied that home schooled children cannot read well. Many called the library or local media to complain.
After the controversy erupted, the New Cumberland Public Library asked Gribb to paint over the offending shirt. The Library Board President, Elizabeth Stone, told WHTM that home schoolers are a big part of the library, and that New Cumberland Library actually arranges special programs just for them.
Home schoolers working together with state organizations and Home School Legal Defense Association have fought legal and cultural discrimination for years. If your family experiences legal difficulties because of your home schooling, please feel free to contact us for assistance.


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Full-Text Articles in Engineering Science and Materials
Numerical Simulation Of Multi-Phase Core-Shell Molten Metal Drop Oscillations, Kaushal Sumaria
The surface tension of liquid metals is an important and scientifically interesting parameter which affects many metallurgical processes such as casting, welding and melt spinning. Conventional methods for measuring surface tension are difficult to use for molten metals above temperatures of 1000 K. Containerless methods are can be used to measure the surface tension of molten metals above 1000 K. Oscillating drop method is one such method where a levitated droplet is allowed to undergo damped oscillations. Using the Rayleigh's theory for the oscillation of force-free inviscid spherical droplets, surface tension and viscosity of the sample can be calculated...