We are shipping on time with COVID precautions in place.
Nothing says cleansing quite like washing everything off your body, and hydrotherapy goes the extra mile, leaving you invigorated and boosting your mood, circulation, and lymphatic system. I love this home practice, and it feels especially necessary in a time when access to bathhouses and other shared therapeutic spaces are limited.
1. Start by drybrushing your full body. Make sure to always direct your strokes towards the heart and spend extra time in areas where lymph nodes are concentrated. See here for a more detailed description of our preferred ritual. Dry brushing stimulates your lymph system, clears stagnant skin and break up, and wakes up your entire body.
2. Run a cold shower. If you need to ease your way in, start with your feet. Your feet have lots of nerve endings, and this will help stimulate your nervous system right away. When you're ready, bring your whole body under cold water. Cold water constricts your blood vessels, helping to increase blood flow.
3. Vigorously massage your whole body with your hands to create warmth and get your blood flowing! Focus on keeping your body and breath moving. Aim to stay under the water for at least two minutes. By the end, you should feel warm. For an extra exfoliation, lather up one of these sustainable sisal shower poofs with liquid soap and scrub up your body, again going towards the heart!
4. Towel off and apply your favorite Smoke body oil to damp skin.
Go into your day glowing with this ancient recipe for radiance!


Letter to Justin Trudeau on Behalf of Our Members
6 April 2020
Dear Prime Minster Trudeau:
We are writing to express our appreciation for your announcement that support for post-secondary students is forthcoming. Our union local—Public Service Alliance of Canada Local 40004—represents graduate students who work at the University of Saskatchewan as teaching assistants, research assistants, and student assistants. Our members have experienced considerable problems due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Graduate students cannot access offices, labs, archives, and field work necessary to complete their research. These problems are universal and affect graduate students in every department and university across Canada.
Graduate students are the future of Canada's scholarly excellence in all fields of endeavour and will support the continuation of Canada as a research-based economy and society. To that end, we want to highlight to you the supports that our members need and that we hope your government will include in its support for post-secondary students.
Canadian universities have faced financial constraints for many years, so the federal government should provide funding that universities can give directly to their students.
Federal funding should require that universities:
1. Grant all graduate students, regardless of what year they are in of their program of study, an automatic one (1) year extension.
2. Provide all graduate students one (1) year of guaranteed funding
3. Waive tuition and fee payments until students can fully access all university facilities including offices, labs, research materials, libraries, and other campus services
An automatic program extension will give graduate students the time they need to complete their thesis and dissertations. It will make up for time they have lost due to the necessary public health measures to slow the spread of COVID-19. A full additional year of guaranteed funding is necessary to provide the financial ability for students to focus on their academic work. As not all students are eligible or able to take on the debt of more student loans, guaranteed funding is the best solution.
COVID-19 is a universal crisis that creates universal problems for graduate students, therefore, a universal response is required. Your government can lead the way by ensuring support for graduate students that will allow them to complete their programs and begin contributing to Canada's knowledge economy.
With respect,
PSAC Local 40004


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Adult Sciarid flies are slender, approximately 2.5 mm in length, and have long legs and antennae. They are weak fliers but can run quite rapidly across the soil surface. Their wings are clear or smokey-colored with no pattern and few distinct veins. However, the females of several species are wingless. They have shiny black head capsules.
The life cycle involves four developmental stages: egg, four larvae, pupa and Adult.The females deposit eggs in the surface layer of the potting compost and these hatches within a few days under warm conditions.. Larvae are clear to creamy-white and can grow to about 1/4 inch long The larvae feed on fungal growth and decaying plant material but some species can also damage the roots of seedlings or tunnel into the base of soft cuttings. When fully fed, the larvae pupate in the soil.
Larvae, however, when present in large numbers, can damage roots and stunt plant growth, particularly in seedlings and young plants. Significant root damage and even plant death have been observed in interior plantscapes and in houseplants when high populations were associated with moist, organically-rich soil.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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In our last blog post The Equity Growth Value Paradigm Part I, we quashed the often cited "recession based" logic used to explain the oscillating growth / value performance disparity. This blog post focuses on creating a duration-based framework borrowed from fixed income to distinguish between equity growth and value and then graphically illustrates how extended periods of over performance between these styles can be explained using factors consistent with the duration-based framework.
The Fixed Income Framework
The distinguishing characteristics of equity style are:
- Growth Equity: Higher PE multiples, low or no dividend payment (earnings are plowed back into the company), with higher expected earnings growth, and lower book to market values
- Value Equity: Lower book-to-market values, higher dividends, with lower expected earnings growth, and higher book to market values
To begin to understand the driving factors for style performance disparity, consider equity valuation in a bond framework of duration. Duration is defined as the percentage change in bond price given a unit change in interest rates. Another way to think about duration, which is useful for our discussion, is the average weighted maturity of cash flows. Take note of the present value and maturity schedule below for a 2% coupon bond a zero coupon bond both maturing in 10 years, priced using the following 10 year yield curve.Year Yield 2% Coupon Payment PV Years⋅PV Zero Coupon Payment PV Years⋅PV 1 0.69% $2.00 $1.99 1.99 $0.00 $0.00 0.00 2 1.61% $2.00 $1.94 3.87 $0.00 $0.00 0.00 3 2.08% $2.00 $1.88 5.64 $0.00 $0.00 0.00 4 2.40% $2.00 $1.82 7.28 $0.00 $0.00 0.00 5 2.64% $2.00 $1.76 8.78 $0.00 $0.00 0.00 6 2.83% $2.00 $1.69 10.15 $0.00 $0.00 0.00 7 3.00% $2.00 $1.63 11.39 $0.00 $0.00 0.00 8 3.14% $2.00 $1.56 12.50 $0.00 $0.00 0.00 9 3.26% $2.00 $1.50 13.49 $0.00 $0.00 0.00 10 3.37% $102.00 $73.24 732.43 $100.00 $71.81 718.1
The total prices and durations of the bonds can be calculated using the Present Value column and the Year⋅PV column in the following formulas:
Using the values from the respective columns and the formulas provided, the price and duration are then:Bond Price Duration 2% Coupon Bond $89.00 9.07 Yrs. Zero Coupon Bond $71.81 10 Yrs.
Fixed Income Framework and Research
Therefore given a coupon paying bond and a zero coupon bond of the same maturity, the duration of the zero coupon bond is greater. Because all of the cash flows for a zero coupon bond occur at the final payment this intuitively reflects our second definition, where duration is the time weighted average maturity of cash flows.
Extending this analogy, one might guess that equities termed "growth equities" that pay out large fractions of their cash flows in the future (e.g. pay no dividends, plow back their earnings and have high earnings growth expectations) will also have higher duration — average weighted maturity of cash flows — than companies with large dividend payouts and lower earnings growth expectations (i.e. "value equities").
In fact, a brief survey of the literature shows considerable exploration of "Implied Equity Duration" since first proposed in 2004 by Dechow et al where equity duration and book to market ratios were found to be closely connected.1 Schröder and Esterer 2008 specifically find that "ceteris paribus, companies with a high cash-flow growth rate exhibit long equity duration [where a] relatively large fraction of cash flows occurs in the far future, such that the share price is very sensitive to changes in the discount rate."2
The financial literature corroborates our intuition comparing different equity styles to bond duration, implying that growth companies should have higher duration than value equities, and therefore greater sensitivity to discount factors. Furthermore, because equities represent long term investments whose expected cash flows extend far into the future, one could further conclude that longer term interest rates would have greater capacity to describe style over performance, where:
- (Declining / increasing) long term interest rates would explain (growth / value) over performance
- (Declining / increasing) term spreads — the difference between a long-dated rate and short-dated rate — would explain (growth / value) over performance
Illustration of Out Performance
To illustrate style performance disparity relative to yield curve levels and term spread, the period from April 1953 – December 2012 is broken up into decades. The "Ratio of Value to Growth" is a custom made index, starting with a value of 1,000 at the beginning of each decade period (performance information value and growth can be found on Kenneth French's website). A declining Value Growth Index indicates that growth is outperforming where an increasing index can be interpreted as value equity out performing. For ease of observation, the ratio of the index (i.e. value to growth) is chosen (i.e. value over growth instead of growth over value) so a declining Value Growth Index mirrors an interest rate and term spread decline.
Term spread is defined as the 10 year treasury yield less the 3 year treasury yield, and a dotted line is placed at the 0.0 for term spreads to clearly indicate inversions of the yield curve (i.e. term spreads fall below the dotted line). Long term interest rates are calculated using the 10 year treasury yield, and the shaded grey region represents a recession as defined by the OECD.In the first decade, (from April of 1953 to March of 1963) over performance between growth and value appears to be explained quite well using term spreads and long term interest rates, however the influence appears to oscillate with first interest rates, then term spread, then again interest rates, and finally term spread explaining the performance disparity. Over this decade, a multivariate regression of the Value Growth Index with independent variables of 10 year treasury yield and 10yr – 3yr term spread yields an adjusted R-Squared of 0.3854.During the first half of the decade from April 1963 to March 1973, there is a relationship between interest rates and equity style over performance, whereas term spreads seem to describe the relationship only after. A multivariate regression of the Value Growth Index with independent variables of 10 year treasury yields and 10yr – 3yr term spreads yields an adjusted R-Squared of 0.5303 during this decade.
The remainder of the illustrations are left to the reader to observe, however multivariate regression statistics are provided below each of the respective years.
April 1973 - March 1983 P Value 10 Year Treasury Yield 2.58e-20 10 Year - 3 Year Spread 7.35e-08
Regression Adjusted R-Squared: 0.511April 1983 - March 1993 P Value 10 Year Treasury Yield 0.04 10 Year - 3 Year Spread 3.0e-06
Regression Adjusted R-Squared: 0.157April 1993 - March 2003 P Value 10 Year Treasury Yield 4.91e-12 10 Year - 3 Year Spread 2.17e-09
Regression Adjusted R-Squared: 0.365April 2003 - December 2012 P Value 10 Year Treasury Yield 5.90e-20 10 Year - 3 Year Spread 4.67e-22
Regression Adjusted R-Squared: 0.8363
Summary TablePeriod Adjusted R-Squared 04-01-1953 to 03-01-1963 0.385 04-01-1963 to 03-01-1973 0.530 04-01-1973 to 03-01-1983 0.511 04-01-1983 to 03-01-1993 0.157 04-01-1993 to 03-01-2003 0.365 04-01-2003 to 12-01-2012 0.836 Entire Sample (_PHONE_) 0.389
The reader should note the style behavior during yield curve inversions — when investors demand higher rates for short term treasuries than long term treasuries. As term spreads decline and approach zero, long term investment decisions become secondary to preservation of capital. Because value equities have higher book to market values than growth stocks (book to market can be thought of as the hard asset value of the firm relative to its market value), zero or negative term spreads imply that investors have the greatest appetite for long term stores of value. Therefore, value equities frequently outperform growth during and prior to yield curve inversions.
The weakened (yet still significant)


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Stump the Ump – What's the Call?
1. In a Senior Baseball game, the runner on second attempts to steal third as the pitcher delivers the ball to the batter. The pitcher commits a balk that is called by the umpire. The catcher catches the ball, and then immediately throws to third to attempt to retire the runner but his throw sails over the third baseman's head into left field, allowing the runner to score. Once the action has stopped the umpire calls time and sends the runner who scored back to third base. Right or Wrong
2. In the fifth inning, with a runner on second base and no outs, John, the number seven batter, inadvertently bats in the number three spot where Dan should have batted and hits a double scoring the runner from second base. Carl, the number four batter steps into the batter's box and takes a pitch for a strike. The defensive manager then requests time out and informs the umpire that they are batting out of order. The umpire checks his line up and agrees. The umpire calls Carl out, puts the runner back on second and removes John from second base. Right or Wrong
3. There are runners on first and third and two out. The batter hits a ground ball into the hole at shortstop but the shortstop has no play on the batter or runner from first base. The runner on third base scores and then the runner from first base decides to showboat and does a head first slide into second base. The umpire calls the runner from first out on the head first slide. The umpire scores the run from third because he says it is a timing play. Right or Wrong
4. In a Little League baseball game, the bases are loaded with two outs. The runner on second leaves the base before the pitched ball reaches the batter and the umpire drops the signal flag. The batter hits the ball into the gap and all the runners score before the batter-runner is thrown out at third base for the third out of the inning.
How many runs are allowed to score?
5. The catcher in trying to catch a foul pop fly, has the ball go down between his chest protector and his uniform shirt. The catcher acquires possession of the ball before it can hit the ground and shows it to the umpire. The umpire calls the batter out. Right or Wrong
1. Right – When a balk is called, it is a delayed dead ball. When the pitch was delivered it is still a live ball until the pitch is caught or hit by the batter. As soon as the catcher caught the pitch the ball became dead at that point. So all action after the catcher caught the ball is nullified. The umpire will call time as soon as the catcher caught the ball and enforce the balk penalty.
Rule 8.05 Penalty.
2. Wrong – The team was batting out of order but once a pitch was thrown to Carl, John the improper batter then became the proper batter and all his actions were legalized, so no one can be called out and the run is allowed to score. The only problem now is that since John become the proper batter, after a pitch to Carl, the batter that now should be at bat is the number eight batter, Tony and he can replace Carl at any time without penalty before Carl completes the at bat.
Rule 6.07 (c).
3. Wrong - Since the runner from first was forced to advance due to the batter becoming a runner, the out at second base is a force play whether the defense tags the base or the runner, the runner is out on an appeal for not touching the base or on a head first slide. So no runs can score when the third out of inning is a result of a force play.
Rule 2.00 – Force Play; Rule 4.09 (a) Exception; Rule 7.08 (a) (4).
4. None, Zero – When one runner leaves early it jeopardizes all the runners, so normally after all action has ceased, the umpire will call time and return all the runners to as close to their original bases as possible. Since the batter-runner was thrown out at third base, leaving the bases empty, all the runners should have be returned to their time of pitch base. Since the out at third base was the third out of the inning, the teams will switch sides and no runs will be recorded.
Rule 7.13 (b) Exception; Rule 7.13 Note 2.
5. Wrong - As soon as the pop fly went down between the chest protector and the uniform shirt it became a trapped ball and was dead at that point and cannot be secured for an out. It is just a foul ball.
Rule 2.00 – Catch.
Provided by the Little League Operations Department

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Image: Shortbill Spearfish, Tetrapturus angustirostris
A Shortbill Spearfish caught on hook and line at a depth of 450 m, off Rottnest Island, Perth, 31 August 2011.
- Jamie Moir
- © Jamie Moir
- Common name:
- Shortbill Spearfish
- Scientific name:
- Tetrapturus angustirostris
The species occurs in offshore waters and is infrequently encountered close to the coast. It is recorded from the Indo-Pacific region and rarely from the Atlantic. In Australia it occurs in most marine offshore areas, but has not been recorded from Northern Territory waters or the Gulf of Carpentaria.
- Hoese, D.F., Bray, D.J., Paxton, J.R. & G.R. Allen. 2006. Fishes. In Beesley, P.L. & A. Wells. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Volume 35. ABRS & CSIRO Publishing: Australia. parts 1-3, pages 1-2178.
- Nakamura, I. 1985. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 5. Billfishes of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of marlins, sailfishes, spearfishes and swordfishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. No. 125 (5): i-iv, 1-65.
- Pepperell, J. 2010. Fishes of the Open Ocean. A natural history & illustrated guide. University of NSW Press. Pp. 266.


Katalin Karikó, the mother of the Covid-19 vaccine, affirms 'In summer we will probably be able to return to normal life'
Hungarian scientist Katalin Karikó, who made coronavirus vaccines possible, spent 40 years working and developing key breakthroughs for Moderna and BioNTech injections, gives hope that in summer'return to normal life'.
Katalin Karikó is a biochemist originally from Hungary, she did a rigorous investigation about the mRNA substance to fight diseases, which paved the way for the development of anticovid vaccines from Moderna and Pfizer / BioNTech laboratories, her findings may make it possible to face this pandemic.
The Hungarian researcher and biologist spoke in an interview for the newspaper El Pais, about her beginnings in the career of biology and how her path was to achieve the discoveries that today are being developed by large pharmaceutical companies for the preparation of doses against the coronavirus.
"I was a happy girl. My father was a butcher and I liked to watch him work, observe the viscera, the hearts of the animals, perhaps that's where my scientific vein came from, "says Karikó, who was born in 1955 in the city of Kisújszállás approximately 100 kilometers from the capital of Hungary, Budapest.
After studying biology in Hungary, he went to the United States to do his doctorate in 1985, but never returned. He points out that he was about to go to Spain with Luis Carrasco's group, who was interested in his work, as well as to France, but that communist Hungary "made things difficult."
The doses against the coronavirus developed by Pfizer / BioNTech and Moderna use messenger RNA to stimulate them to be the same cells of the individual that generate a response against an external agent that threatens to enter the body. This molecule is in charge of entering the cell nucleus and interpreting the body's requirements in order to adapt to them.
Despite being a technology that seems to have been successful against the coronavirus, Karikó received multiple rejections regarding his idea each time he sought funding to develop it. "Now everyone understands it, but before it was about changing DNA to correct diseases until they realized that mutations capable of causing death could be caused," said the biochemist to said medium.
The specialist explained that she was not used to care and support after long years of work, but ensures that this shows why science should be supported on many levels.
To know more: Moderna designed a vaccine against covid-19 in just two days thanks to mRNA technology
Lack of support for your idea in the 1990s
Karikó, the 65-year-old biochemist, spent most of the 1990s submitting requests for retribution in order to finance her research on'messenger ribonucleic acid', genetic molecules that tell cells which proteins to produce, essential for maintaining living and healthy bodies.
As such, the idea was a good one, but it was not 'fashionable'. What they wanted was to use a fragile and ephemeral molecule to cure diseases and prevent infections in an immutable way. RNA is a basic molecule for life, since it is the messenger in charge of entering the nucleus of our cells, reading genetic information, DNA and leaving with the formula for the production of all the proteins that are required to be able to perform all the activities.
What biochemistry wanted was to use the cells of the same patient in order to make the protein that would heal them by supplying a tiny RNA message. "Everyone understands it now, but not then," says the expert.
In the late 1980s, much of the scientific community focused on the use of DNA for the purpose of administering gene therapy. However, the Hungarian specialist considered mRNA promising, this because most diseases are not hereditary and do not require solutions that permanently alter our genetics.
It should be noted that it faced an important problem, since in animal experiments on synthetic mRNA it generated a massive inflammatory response, at the moment the immune system found an invader and rushed to fight it.
Together with scientist Drew Weissman, he was able to overcome this problem when they both discovered that one of the four building blocks of synthetic mRNA was failing, and they were able to overcome this problem by switching to a modified version.
They later published an article on the breakthrough in 2005. In 2015 they found a new way to deliver mRNA to mice, using a fatty layer called "lipid nanoparticles" that prevent the mRNA from degrading and help place it within the proper part of the cells. cells.
How did Karikó get into BioNTech?
In 2010, a group of American researchers founded a company that acquired the rights to the Karikó and Weissman patents. Named an acronym for'modified RNA': ModerRNA. Three years later, after 40 years working almost anonymously, Karikó was hired by BioNTech, a company in which she currently serves as vice president.
"I felt it was time to change and I thought I could take the position to make sure things were going in the right direction," says Karikó. Moderna and BioNTech vaccines, developed with Pfizer, have guaranteed efficacy of at least 94 percent.
To learn more: Pfizer announced that its vaccine is 95% effective, even in older adults
Katalin Karikó, la madre de la vacuna contra la Covid-19 afirma 'En verano podremos, probablemente, volver a la vida normal'
41 pequeños negocios que hay que apoyar en este fin e inicio de año
Copyright 2020 Entrepreneur.com Inc., All rights reserved
This article originally appeared on entrepreneur.com


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Using Cohort Analysis to Optimize Customer Experience
A bad experience with any of the activities in the value stream can result in a dissatisfied customer and a loss of revenue. The goal, then, is to create a journey that provides maximum value to customers while also being highly efficient and profitable for your business.
As you strive to improve the customer journey, how can you determine the effectiveness of your efforts? One method is through cohort analysis.
What is Cohort Analysis?
Cohort analysis compares the behavior of two or more groups of people. Each group shares an internal characteristic and is referred to as a "cohort."
Our last article looked at the experience patients have in a doctor's office. Taking that journey as an example here, we can create cohorts based on the week in which patients visited the doctor. Week one maps to cohort one, week two to cohort two, and so on. In this case, the week the patient visited the doctor would be the cohort's internal characteristic.
Grouping people into cohorts enables you to look at multiple areas of a business, such as the methods for acquiring, retaining, and generating revenue. It can also give you insights into which customers you should focus on, which channels of communication work best, and which areas need an investment of resources to improve the experience.
Our doctor's office journey has eight touch points, and we want to see if all of them are improving:
- Patient check-in at the front desk
- Waits to be called for further information
- Called to the front desk to validate personal and insurance information
- Waits to be called again to see the doctor
- Called to go to a room to see the doctor
- Waits for the doctor
- Speaks with the doctor
- Returns to front desk to make a follow up appointment or pay for services
How to Conduct Cohort Analysis
Start by defining your business question. To insure your research will deliver insights, it's important to spend time defining your business question. It should be based on the objectives of the business and the problems the research will attempt to solve.
In our example we want to know: "Do our improvements reduce the wait time for our patients?" We want to measure the effectiveness of the changes we've made and see if customer experience is improving. You may have to iterate and refine the question to ensure it aligns with business objectives.
Define a metric (or set of metrics) that offers insights into your business question. In the above example, time is the key metric that we use to answer our business question. We want to understand how much time a patient spends waiting at each touch point in the journey.
Define your cohorts. Our cohorts are based on the week during which the patients visit the doctor. In other situations you may define your cohorts differently. For example, if you were looking at an e-commerce site you might define your cohorts as customers who purchased within 24 hours of creating an account and customers who did not.
Perform the analysis. In a typical week the doctor sees 100 patients. Each cohort column shows the average amount of time the 100 patients spent at each touch point.
In our data set, prior to making any changes, the total waiting time was 131 minutes which we can take as our baseline to compare other weeks against. By comparing our different cohorts against this baseline, we see a decrease in overall non-value added time by about fifteen minutes a week. It also becomes apparent that the wait time in touch point number six does not decrease. This insight can lead us to perform further investigation into the drivers preventing the decrease.
To gain further insight you might also look at your data through internal and external lenses to understand what could be influencing the changes. For example:
- Your business. Take a look at anything internal that can impact the data. Are staffing levels appropriate? Any there issues with technology breaking down? Is the doctor overbooked?
- The outside world. Take a look at any external forces that could influence business. Do holidays impact the business? Does the economy have influence? Are there any recent events in the media that should be considered?
Conducting cohort analysis is another method for breaking down the customer journey to track improvements and gain insights into where the experience breaks down. It gives businesses the tools they need to discover opportunities for improving efficiency and becoming more profitable.
Image of waiting room courtesy Shutterstock


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The 1H NMR spectra of a series of high-spin ferric metmyoglobins (metMbs) have been analyzed to assess the validity of meso proton (meso-H) contact shift direction as a probe for H2O coordination and to develop a quantitative interpretative basis of the hyperfine shift pattern as a structural probe for the heme-iron ligation state. The quantitative analyses of the hyperfine shifts are based on a comparison of the structurally characterized six-coordinate sperm whale metMbH2O and the five-coordinate Aplysia metMb. The developed spectral probes are subsequently applied to elucidate the role of distal residues in modulating H2O coordination in a series of E7 and El 1 point mutants of sperm whale Mb. The elusive distal El 1 residue signals are assigned in the two reference proteins on the basis of their unique relaxation properties and from the spectral characteristics of El 1 sperm whale Mb point mutants. Quantitative analysis of the El 1 residue dipolar shifts demonstrates that the loss of coordinated H2O leads to a substantial increase in the zero-field splitting constant, D. The change from strongly low-field meso-H shifts in six-coordinate sperm whale metMbH2O to strongly upfield meso-H shifts in five-coordinate Aplysia metMb is accompanied by predicted changes in chemical shifts for heme methyl, F8 His CβH, and El 1 Val methyl protons. The most readily recognized change is the 5-ppm low-field bias of the mean methyl shift upon loss of water coordination. The consistency in the changes of all the NMR spectral parameters supports the use of the meso-H chemical shifts as probes for ligation state but suggests that all accompanying changes should be analyzed. Substitution of El 1 Val by lle, Phe, or Ala results in minimal perturbation with full retention of coordinated water. Substitution of E7 His by Val or Phe abolishes H2O coordination, while replacement by Gin or Gly leads to a fractional H2O coordination. The sensitivity of the hyperfine shifts of the heme methyl protons to solvent isotope composition supports the proposed changes in H2O ligation. The application of the heme mean methyl shifts as a probe for H2O coordination in a series of natural genetic variants differing in E7 residue confirms previous conclusions, except for elephant metMb (E7 Gin) which is concluded here to be primarily five-coordinate rather than six-coordinate. The occupation of the sixth position by water as a function of E7 residue is found to be very similar in sperm whale E7 point mutants and natural genetic variants, and it is concluded that H bonding by E7 residue is the strongest but not the only stabilizing influence on H2O coordination.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Colloid and Surface Chemistry


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System Jitter is to take account of the substrate bounce from everything switching.
What is it? The Ground movement and analog effects on VCC, which can vary from perhaps as little as 100 ps, to as much as 1000 ps, depending on many factors but primarily how thePCB was designed and the decoupling used.
You should route the inside clockout through a DDR DFF IOB pin (any will do), and then measure the jitter on this clock.This will be the total system jitter, including the input source jitter (PERIOD... INPUT_JITTER).
Timing constraints must then meet the period, less 1/2 the peak-to-peak value of the total system jitter. So, for example, at 3.3 ns period (300 MHz clock) with 500 ps -peak jitter, no delay can be greater than 2.8 ns; setting the period constraint AND the system jitter value performs this timing check automatically. If the slack is not there, that path is flagged with a timingerror in the verbose timing report (use the verbose to reveal all the warnings and problems).
If jitter is a problem, consider using the clock 180 or clock 270 output of a DCM (or PLL) to clock some of your logic. By using different phases of the clock, you can easily cut your system jitter in half, or more.Heavy use of fabric (like all DFF on the same BUFG) is usually the cause of jitter in the fabric.
I/Os switching tend to cause most of the system jitter due to the ground bounce in the IOB banks, which affects the overall ground of the entire chip. Selecting a different phase for some I/Os versus others is also a good way to cut down on the jitter.
Use the lowest I/O drive value that meets your requirements. If slow skew is an option, use the slow skew attribute for those I/Os that can run with a slower skew.
Overall signal integrity is the cause of jitter, so poor SI will lead to large jitter. Are all I/O signals matched to their loads? There should be no overshoot andno undershoot in a properly engineered design.Any deviation from this means more jitter.


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Water + Mandarin Experiment
- A bucket of water
- A mandarin
Method: fill a bucket with water and put mandarin in and see what happens.
My experience: So first we put the mandarin in the water and it was struggling to float(it still did though). Next we peeled the mandarin and put it in. It sank to the bottom like a rock. Then we put the peels in and they floated. Then my friends put the piece onto the peel and put it in the water it floated. I found out that for mandarins the skin is what keeps the buoyant.


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Featured CEO Mental Health News
Q&A: Phyllis Traficante of Restoring Resilience shares the importance of mental health awareness amidst the COVID-19 pandemic
3 min read
Restoring Resilience
Phyllis Traficante and Anna Skolarikis are the founders of Restoring Resilience, a partnership aiming to help organisations and individuals in the treatment and resolution of stress, overwhelm, and trauma. Both are trained psychotherapists and have been conducting workshops all around the country to help promote mental health awareness.
In this first of two-part series, we talked to Phyllis about the challenges of doing their work amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, and how taking care of one's mental health is just as important as combating the effects of the virus.
Third Sector:
You are known as a psychotherapist, gestalt therapist, and somatic experiencing practitioner. Could you give us a brief overview of the nature of your work? How do these concepts work in practicing self-care?
Phyllis Traficante:
At the core of my work is a perspective that considers the human condition as inextricably connected to their context. Behavior is viewed via the polyvagal theory, a nervous system perspective derived from the latest research in neuroscience. It posits that behavior is a person's best attempt to keep safe, to protect themselves and reduce pain.
From this premise emerges a practice that values inclusiveness, reciprocity, attunement, grounding, relational safety and genuine care. Support is provided to the whole system the individual or organization is in connection with, rather than in isolation. This is where the gestalt premise of "The whole is greater than the sum of its parts" comes alive. The entirety of the person or organizational context is the ground from which experience and behavior emerges. Therefore, we respond to the entirety of the system which supports connection, regulation, healing and growth.
Deepening individual or organizational self/ other awareness, from an interoceptive and regulating stance enabling relational safety, emotion regulation, healing and in turn growth. This fosters space and capacity for connection to self or organizational needs. Self-care is about recognizing when we have a need and noticing what we do to attend to it or not, and the impact of our responses. At the heart of individual or organizational self-care is awareness of, and capacity to adjust, our boundary setting patterns when required; capacity to engage resources and bring the systems into self-regulation.
TS: You've been in the industry for 30 years. What would you say are the biggest hurdles that you have encountered in your industry?
PT: I have been in the training sector for 30 years. The biggest hurdles have been my own. My own concern about the participant's capacity to retain and integrate information. What I have come to understand is that a participant's capacity to absorb data is a two-way, reciprocal thing. It takes the facilitator to be settled, grounded, connected to self, the content, and the participant. It is in this attunement that the opportunity for learning and growth occurs. My own grounding and settling before delivery enables self-regulation, supporting co-regulation within the training. It is within this co-regulated space that a sense of relational safety emerges, increasing and supporting the integration of the learning.
It was from this space that I developed and delivered support to parents, mental health care teams, and schools. I developed a lunchtime mindfulness program that due to the positive results has been recognized and published internationally.
I provided psychoeducation regarding the neuroscience of behavior and deactivating interventions to teachers within schools. This empowered teachers with the knowledge and skills to manage difficult student behavior, increasing self-awareness and capacity for self-regulation, hence student teacher co-regulation.
TS: Has the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic affected your work Restoring Resilience in any way? If so, how did you go about addressing it?
PT: COVID-19 has had a huge effect on my work. The angst brought on around the impact of the pandemic; the fear created by the virus and society's response to it; lockdowns, the shift to online work and the increased hours required by clients, supervisees, and organizations to provide wellbeing support has been taxing on my own system.
I have had to increase my own self-care and continue to track my own nervous system. Addressing when my body starts to feel stressed and ensure I regulate hours of work and type of work with social engagement and pleasurable activities. All of which supports self-regulation, internal health, and wellbeing.
TS: Where do you see Restoring Resilience and the rest of your work in the next five years?
PT: Restoring resilience will continue to be a vehicle for delivering training that touches the soul; that makes a difference in people's lives. Fostering connection, growth, and healing for those in need by offering a unique lens on how to read behaviour and specialized skills to respond.
Our aim is to continue to support organizations and families to connect within their systems by helping deepen understanding of self in relationship to other; how to strengthen relational safety and foster good health and wellbeing.
Continuing to psychoeducate parents and support quality connection within families, with the intention to protect youth mental health and foster wellbeing.
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Child Safety Harness
A Child Safety Harness is designed for toddlers, allowing them the freedom to be a child but with a lot less worry for you.
Safety harnesses (also known as toddler leashes) help parents better control over busy toddlers, while still allowing them to explore the world on their own terms but within safe boundaries.
- Fully adjustable, easy to put on your child and easy to use while on-the-go
- Combine comfort with style with a range of various fun colors and designs
- Perfect for twins and triplets too, and ideal for all outings!
- Manufactured with SABS-approved materials.
- Printed design may differ slightly from the pictures


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Combining the verbal and the visual to improve retention.
Dual-coding theory suggests that both visual and verbal information is used to represent information. Visual and verbal information are processed differently and along distinct channels in the human mind, creating separate representations for information processed in each channel. With this in mind, each year group have created a Dual Coding schema for each of their topics. The schema is made up of simple, meaningful images linked with words which organises the content that will be learnt throughout the topic. Please click on your child's year group below to see the Dual Coding schema for their topic. In the Foundation Stage, they also use dual coding symbols across their curriculum where they feel it is effective.


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Code of Student Conduct
For additional information, please contact:
Department of Student Relations
(239) 377-0540In accordance with the mandate required by Florida Law, all students attending Collier County Public Schools will be provided access to the Code of Student Conduct handbook, hereinafter referred to as the Code. The Code provides for recognition of the rights of the student, including the right to learn. It provides for the recognition of responsibilities of students in respect to the rights of others and in respect to the obligation of all the schools to provide the order necessary for meaningful and effective instruction and learning.All Collier County Schools shall follow the Code in development of their individual school handbooks. Students receive this information so they may fully understand their responsibilities and rights. Schools accomplish their educational purposes in a learning climate in which the rights and responsibilities of each individual are known and respected. Implicit in these rights is the responsibility of respecting the rights of others. The primary function of the public schools is to provide an equal educational opportunity for all students. Education cannot take place unless there is an atmosphere of good order and discipline described as the absence of distractions and disturbances, which interfere with the optimum functioning of the student, the class, and/or the school.As students progress through school, it is reasonable to assume that an increase in age and maturity carries with it a greater responsibility for one's actions. Differences in age and maturity determine in part the type of disciplinary action to be taken. The procedures outlined in the Code apply to all students in Collier County Public Schools.The Code is in force while the student is traveling to and from school, including, but not necessarily limited to, school-sponsored events, field trips, athletic functions, and other activities where appropriate administrators have jurisdiction over students. Additionally, the Principal has the authority to take administrative action when a student's misconduct away from school is having, or could have, a detrimental effect on the other students or on the orderly educational process. Students on Out-of-School Suspension or who are expelled, or who are placed at an alternative site in lieu thereof, may not enter or be within 1,000 feet of any unassigned school campus at any time.Good order and discipline are best thought of as being positive, not negative; of helping a student to adjust, rather than to punish; of turning unacceptable conduct into acceptable conduct. It is also the presence of a friendly yet businesslike atmosphere in which students and school personnel work cooperatively toward mutually recognized and accepted goals.Throughout the Code, the term "parents" includes legal guardians or other persons standing in loco parent is (such as a grandparent or stepparent with whom the child lives, or a person who is legally responsible for the welfare of the child).


KRT: The Impact of Kingship
KRT: The Impact of Kingship
Does the concept of kingship impact your practice, and if so, how?
Being Kemetic Orthodox, the topic of kingship is a particularly relevant one to me, in a few different ways.
For one, kingship is one of the five pillars of Kemetic Orthodoxy (the others are community, ancestors, the gods, and Ma'at). For two, I have met Egyptologist Tamara Siuda, who is the leader of Kemetic Orthodoxy; she is considered our Nisut, our king, though the ways in which members of Kemetic Orthodox interpret that varies. For myself, I see her as our spiritual leader, well-qualified for the job both academically and personally. (As I have no way of personally verifying or disproving any divine right to be king, it ceases to matter in practical ways to me; I am solely concerned with an individual's actions and attitude when in a position of authority.)
While the concept of kingship impacts my practice only slightly, the existence of the flesh-and-bones leader of Kemetic Orthodox impacts my practice quite a lot. She is a fount of information, support, and guidance, and she is as present as possible to lead or participate in online gatherings (some ritual, some guided discussions, some fellowship). Because my practice is tied to my community, and because she is the leader of that community, I can say with confidence that my experience and practice of Kemeticism would not be the same without her as our king.
However, a lesser-discussed but equally-prominent way in which kingship impacts my practice is its importance amongst the Netjeru. Some gods are kings and others are not; some serve the king, some protect the king, and others act autonomously. Regardless of value judgments (I don't consider the god-king to be any "better" than another deity), it still provides something of a map, helping me to understand and interrelate various Names. The procession of kingship and heritage is also a major plot point in many myths, most obviously those around Wesir (Osiris), Heru-sa-Aset (Horus the Younger), and Set. The role of kingship in various gods' identities can greatly impact the whole nature of the god in question: imagine Ra not being a king! It'd give His entire character a spin in a different direction.
In essence, it would be a challenge for me to completely extricate the concept of kingship from its manifestations among the ancient Egyptian gods and within my chosen community. While I don't consider myself to be terribly amenable to monarchies, when taken in mythological contexts it can be informative and instructive to the nature and roles of the Netjeru, and when taken in a community context it can be very useful to have a strong, respectful leader. I wouldn't put up with anyone, god or mortal, who sought to abuse that power or that title—but thankfully, I don't have to.
Note: I do not speak for all of my community nor for Tamara Siuda herself; this blog is solely discussing my personal interpretations and opinions. As always, your mileage will vary. :)
If you enjoyed this post, please check out other takes on kingship by my fellow Round Table bloggers!


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|Jmol-3D images||Image 1|
|Molar mass||380.91 g mol−1|
| (what is: /?)
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Dieldrin is a chlorinated hydrocarbon originally produced in 1948 by J. Hyman & Co, Denver, as an insecticide. Dieldrin is closely related to aldrin, which reacts further to form dieldrin. Aldrin is not toxic to insects; it is oxidized in the insect to form dieldrin which is the active compound. Both dieldrin and aldrin are named after the Diels-Alder reaction which is used to form aldrin from a mixture of norbornadiene and hexachlorocyclopentadiene.
Originally developed in the 1940s as an alternative to DDT, dieldrin proved to be a highly effective insecticide and was very widely used during the 1950s to early 1970s. Endrin is a stereoisomer of dieldrin.
However, it is an extremely persistent organic pollutant; it does not easily break down. Furthermore it tends to biomagnify as it is passed along the food chain. Long-term exposure has proven toxic to a very wide range of animals including humans, far greater than to the original insect targets. For this reason it is now banned in most of the world.
It has been linked to health problems such as Parkinson's, breast cancer, and immune, reproductive, and nervous system damage. It can also adversely affect testicular descent in the fetus if a pregnant woman is exposed to it.
Legislation and history
The chemicals dieldrin and aldrin were widely applied in agricultural areas throughout the world. Both are toxic and bioaccumulative. Aldrin does break down to dieldrin in living systems, but dieldrin is known to resist bacterial and chemical breakdown processes in the environment.
Aldrin was used to control soil pests (namely termites) on corn and potato crops. Dieldrin was an insecticide used on fruit, soil, and seed. It persists in the soil with a half-life of five years at temperate latitudes. Both aldrin and dieldrin may be volatilized from sediment and redistributed by air currents, contaminating areas far from their sources. They have been measured in Arctic wildlife, suggesting long range transport from southern agricultural regions.
Both aldrin and dieldrin have been banned in most developed countries, but aldrin is still used as a termiticide in Malaysia, Thailand, Venezuela and other parts of Africa. In Canada, their sale was restricted in the mid-1970s, with the last registered use of the compounds in Canada being withdrawn in 1984.Toxin Description
IPCS quotes the World Health Organization as stating dieldrin is prohibited for use in agriculture in, among others, Brazil, Ecuador, Finland, the German Democratic Republic, Singapore, Sweden, Yugoslavia, and the USSR. The European Community legislation prohibits the marketing of phytopharmaceutical products containing dieldrin. In Argentina, Canada, Chile, the Federal Republic of Germany, Hungary, and the USA, its use is prohibited, with some exceptions. The use of dieldrin is restricted in India, Mauritius, Togo, and the United Kingdom. Its use in industry is prohibited in Switzerland and its manufacture and use in Japan is under government control. In Finland, the only accepted use for dieldrin is as a termiticide in one glue mixture for exported plywood. India requires registration and licences for all importation, manufacture, sale, or storage.
Organochlorines and other chemicals were originally discovered in the 1930s for use as insecticides and pesticides. DDT became famous worldwide in 1939 after its use in overcoming a typhus infestation in Naples. The use of organochlorines increased during the 1950s and peaked in the 1970s. Their use in Australia was dramatically lowered between the mid 1970s and the early 1980s. The first restrictions on the use of dieldrin and related chemicals in Australia were introduced in 1961-2, with registration required for their use on produce animals, such as cattle and chickens. This coincided with increasing concerns worldwide about the long-term effects of persistent pesticides. The publication of Silent Spring (a widely read and highly influential popular account of the environmental and health effects of pesticides) by Rachel Carson in 1962 was a key driving force in raising this concern. The phase-out process was driven by government bans and deregistration, in turn promoted by changing public perceptions that food containing residues of these chemicals was less acceptable and possibly hazardous to health.
Throughout this time, continuous pressure was maintained by relevant committees, for example the Technical Committee on Agricultural Chemicals (TCAC), to reduce approved organochlorine use. By 1981, the use of dieldrin worldwide was limited to sugarcane and bananas, and these uses were deregistered by 1985. In 1987, a nationwide recall system was put into place, and in December of that year, the government prohibited all imports of these chemicals into Australia without express ministerial approval. In 1994, the National Registration Authority for Agricultural and Veterinary Chemicals published a use of organochlorines in termite control, recommending the phase-out of organochlorines used in termite control upon development of viable alternatives. The same year, the Agriculture and Resource Management Council of Australia and New Zealand decided to phase out remaining organochlorine uses by 30 June 1995, with the exception of the Northern Territory. In November 1997, the use of all organochlorines other than mirex was phased out in Australia. Remaining stocks of mirex are to be used only for contained baits for termites in plantations of young trees in the Northern Territory until stocks run out, which is expected in the near future.
The recognition of negative impacts on health has stimulated the implementation of multiple legislative policies in regards to the use and disposal of organochlorine pesticides. For example, the Environment Protection (Marine) Policy 1994 became operational in May 1995 in South Australia. It dictated the acceptable concentration of toxicants such as dieldrin in marine waters and the manner in which these levels must be tested and tried.
Momentum against organochlorine and similar molecules continued to grow internationally, leading, to negotiations which matured as the Stockholm Convention on the use of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). POPs are defined as hazardous and environmentally persistent substances which can be transported between countries by the earth's oceans and atmosphere.
All POPs (including dieldrin) bioaccumulate in the fatty tissues of humans and other animals. The Stockholm Convention banned 12 POPs, nicknamed "the dirty dozen". (These include: aldicarb, toxaphene, chlordane and heptachlor, chlordimeform, chlorobenzilate, DBCP, DDT, "drins" (aldrin, dieldrin and endrin), EDB, HCH and lindane, paraquat, parathion and methyl parathion, pentachlorophenol, and 2,4,5-T.) This took force on 17 May 2004. Australia ratified the Convention only three days later and became a party to it in August that year.
Well before this, Australia had been well advanced in meeting the measures agreed upon under the Convention. Production, import and use of aldrin, chlordane, DDT, dieldrin, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), heptachlor, endrin, and toxaphene are not permitted in Australia. Production and importation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are not permitted in Australia, with the phase-out of existing PCBs being managed under the National Strategy for the Management of Scheduled Waste. This strategy also addresses how Australia will manage HCB waste and organochlorine pesticides.
Legislation in Australia on the import, use and disposal of dieldrin and other organochlorines has been extensive and covers mainly environmental and potential health impacts on the population.
- Jubb, A. H. (1975). Basic Organic Chemistry, Part 5 Industrial products. London: Wiley. ISBN 0-471-85014-4.
- (Orris et al. 2000)
- S. Kegley, B. Hill, S. Orme, PAN Pesticide Database, Pesticide Action Network, North America (San Francisco, CA. 2007), _URL_
- Dieldrin linked to earlier onset of Parkinson's disease
- Dieldrin and Breast Cancer: a Literature Review, Australian National University / Doctors for the Environment Australia
- Mandocdoc, M. and David, C.P. 2008. Dieldrin Contamination of the Groundwater in a Former US Military Base (Clark Air Base, Philippines). CLEAN Air, Soil, Water Journal 36 (10–11), 870-874.
- International Programme on Chemical Safety


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help with a lesson plan
by, 03-18-2008 at 04:44 PM (2410 Views)
I'm currently planning a lesson to do with 4th-6th graders as part of a practicum in my Education program at university. I was hoping to select a poem that is very descritive to read to the kids as they draw what they see through the words. My initial idea was to use Coleridge's "Kubla Kahn," but I've since decided that this will probably be too difficult a poem for 4th-6th graders (based on experience I've had with 'em).
I'm looking for something that won't be too easy, preferably something with metaphors so that I may seque to brief instruction on those. I want to make the activity somewhat challenging, and one of my ideas is to mandate that I will only read the poem perhaps three times and they must come to agreement on when those three repetitions can be used.


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Designing Africa: Exploring Provenance and Materiality Image
Designing Africa: Exploring Provenance and Materiality
A group show exploring provenance and materiality in contemporary African design
Designing Africa: Exploring Provenance and Materiality interrogates two particular areas of design - visual communication and material exploration.
In the past, African Design had struggled to define itself as modern with the overarching Western view situating it as 'proto-design' showcasing traditional craft, commercial or primitive wares, but never showing protean, prototypical or pioneering characteristics in its nature. Over the past half century following liberation and independence movements, African creatives like Demas Woko, Oumou Sy, Ousmane Sembene amongst many others have sought to shape and redefine their respective fields of architecture and design, fashion and film through the critical and engaging works they produced. This transition from the defined to the definer is still in progress as a contemporary phenomenon in African art and design. As George Braque famously said "Art is meant to disturb, science reassures", this exhibition builds upon contemporary African design's ongoing quest for disturbing established notions of identity by asserting the defining and navigating capacities of African design.
Designing Africa showcases the work of visual artists Momodou Ceesay, Clari Green, Pwavidon Mathias and Brian Omolo with origin as the underpinning theme. How do we define where we come from? By communicating their origins, present, future and imagined states they redefine the identity of Africa through printmaking, graphic design and illustration.
In the scope of materiality, Ada Umeofia pushes the perception of form by extruding materials and the spaces surrounding them in thoughtful yet playful approaches to process, fabrication and space. Designing Africa explores the continuous redefinition of post-colonial Africa by African artists and designers and how this translates across society and our sense of identity.
Participating artists and designers:
Momodou Ceesay, Printmaker & Painter (The Gambia)
Clari Green, Graphic Designer (Nigeria)
Pwavidon Mathias, Mixed media artist (Nigeria)
Brian Omolo, Graphic artist (Kenya)
Ada Umeofia, Architect & Designer (Nigeria)
Exhibition Dates:
AAF Gallery
54 Rayomond Njoku Street, Ikoyi, Lagos
Tel: +234 _PHONE_
10:00 - 16:00


Make Your Songs Sound Like A Pro With These Easy Steps
When you start recording music on your laptop computer, one of the challenges you will encounter is noise. Noise is simply unwanted sound that seeps its way into your recording. When you record your audio music, you want to start with the clearest sound possible. Noise does the opposite - not only does it make your recording sound worse, but it tends to build on itself as you mix more sounds together.
Thankfully, there are a number of easy techniques for controlling noise during the recording process. Understanding the sources of audio noise will help you create the best sounding recording possible.
Controlling Environmental Noise While Recording
The first source of noise is simply being in a noisy environment. Having machines or appliances in the background, car noise outside your window, people talking in the background, can all contribute to noise. With instruments that you can plug in, like an electric guitar, this isn't a problem. However, if you are using a microphone for recording, you risk picking up some of these stray noises. Professional musicians use specially designed quiet rooms to isolate this kind of noise. There are also certain types of microphones you can use that emphasize sound nearby instead of sound far away. You can also try to find a quieter environment to record in.
Eliminating Cable Noise From Your Musical Instruments
A second source of noise comes from your cables. Essentially, the cables for your equipment act like a big antenna, absorbing and channeling energy from the environment into your audio system. And the longer the cable, the worse it is! There are a number of techniques for managing this.
 - Don't run cables close to each other. Leave at least a couple of inches between each different cable.
 - If cables do have to cross each other, run them at right angles to each other, making a cross shape. This reduces the amount of energy that will get transmitted to another.
 - If you have extra length in your cable, create a loop out of the excess. This channels the energy in your music into a shield from outside energy.
 - Get shielded recording cables. Underneath the plastic or vinyl outer shell, there is a foil lining that protects the signal running on the wire in the core of your cable.
 - Get cables with larger wires in the center. There is less resistance to energy in larger cables, so more of your signal gets from one end to the other.
Analog Versus Digital Recording Tools
Another approach to this is to you digital recording equipment instead of analog equipment right at the instrument. One of the benefits of digital recording is that the audio music signal is not affected by noise. When you record it with your laptop computer, it sounds identical to the music made by your instrument. If you can get recording equipment that turns the sound into digital signals right at your instrument, you will eliminate a major source of noise.
Quality of Computer Music Recording Equipment Matters!
The final source of noise comes from low quality audio electronics. With electronics, you tend to get what you pay for, although electronics quality has increased enormously over the last 20 years. Heat, interference, and bad connections can all contribute to noise in your music. My advice is to purchase good quality electronics with metal cases, and allow some space for air flow between each device.
Removing audio noise is a challenge for every recording artist. However, if you take steps to reduce noise before recording, you will be able to record clear, high quality music at home with your laptop computer, and it will sound professionally made!


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for conflating (merging) of data
This is a plugin for conflating (merging) objects in JOSM. For now it focuses on one-to-one matches between POIs, such as addresses and buildings, parks, schools, bus stops, etc. It leverages the Replace Geometry command from utilsplugin2 to replace or upgrade one OSM object to another.
- 1 Motivating use cases
- 2 Installation
- 3 Definitions
- 4 Usage
- 5 Implementation
- 6 Future work
- 7 Development
- 8 See also
- 9 External links
Motivating use cases
In 2009 feature data from GNIS was imported into OSM as nodes. Since that time some have been converted to areas, been moved, or even replaced. In this process the gnis:feature_id has sometimes been lost, and the conflation process could add back the correct ID. Also, GNIS has provided updates since 2009, which could be added to OSM with this tool. The conflation plugin could merge this data, with a strong weighting towards matching gnis_feature_id=* and name=*.
Replacing address nodes with building polygons
Consider replacing address nodes in OSM with high quality building data from a local authority. If the buildings have addresses associated with them, then matches would be heavily weighted towards matching addr:housenumber=* and addr:street=*. If there is no such addressing information, the data could still be conflated by setting a threshhold on the distance of perhaps 20 meters.
Updating Building Footprints
Buildings have been imported or traced by hand. An external data source has been released, and you would like to update the building in OSM to use the best building footprint from either source.
Optimal parking space assignment
This is for fun rather than for conflating data with OSM. Imagine you have a neighborhood where you've mapped all the parking spaces and the houses. You can "conflate" the two only using distance in the cost calculation to determine the optimal assignment of houses to parking spaces. If each house gets two parking spaces, you could duplicate (copy and paste) the house nodes/polygons, and you'd get two spaces matched to each house.
Follow these instructions to install the conflation plugin automatically. If you plan on doing matches over 500 objects, you should use the 64 bit java VM, so you don't run out of memory.
- Reference: the dataset which is presumed to have the best spatial accuracy and attribute (tag) comprehensiveness, typically a third-party dataset such as from a government entity
- Subject: the dataset which will have the geometry and/or attributes of the reference dataset merged into it, typically an up-to-date dataset downloaded from the OSM servers
The plugin requires that the Reference dataset be in a format that can be loaded by JOSM (an OSM file). Download the area that you would like edit first, then use the File | Open command to load in the external OSM file as a new layer. If you open the file external first, then download JOSM will download the data into the existing layer, which will make selections very difficult.
- If not already shown, enable the conflation dialog from the left panel.
- Click Configure, select some objects with better geometry and/or tags and click Freeze' in the Reference panel.
- Do the same for some other objects in the Subject panel.
- Click OK.
Doing the selection will require using the Edit | Search window. If you are conflating ways, you need to only select ways and not points. Conversely, if you are conflating points, you don't want to have any ways selected. Currently the plugin does not support relations, so they should never be selected. For example, "building=* type:way", will correctly select buildings. The type:way is needed to insure that no relations or points are selected. It is not possible to just select an area with the mouse.
In the conflation dialog, there are three tabs, Matches which lists matches found between the reference and subject layer, and Reference only and Subject only which lists unmatched objects from each dataset.
- Double-click on a match or unmatched object to zoom and center on and to select the object(s).
- Select one or more match and click Conflate to execute Replace Geometry. Select one or more objects from the Reference only list to copy them to the subject layer.
Note that you can also use the same selection for both target and source; the algorithm assigns a very high cost if both objects are the same, so a match should never occur with the same object as both target and source.
- Reuses existing search and selection functionality for creating reference and subject selections
- Uses Java Conflation Suite (JCS) and Java Topology Suite (JTS) for calculating scores between reference and subject objects, and generating the matches
- Use Replace Geometry from utilsplugin2 to conflate the objects
This is an incomplete and unordered list of tasks that I've thought of. If these or any others would be useful to you, please create a ticket for them.
- Allow for merging of just tags, and not geometry
- Add costs for "distance" between tags, e.g. by using Levenshtein distance (already implemented in JOSM core)
- Add thresholds and weights to individual costs (e.g. don't allow match if distance is greater than 100m)
- Allow clicking on arrow in conflation layer to select candidate match
- Allow declaring an invalid match, and using that information to regenerate the matches
- Add keyboard shortcuts to quickly go through matches, with keys for next, previous, merge, "mismatch", etc.
- Use color coding in arrows and table to indicate confidence of match
- Allow for custom cost and assignment methods
- Conflation/Nodes - initial design sketch


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A 10 m long pipe has an inside radius of 70 mm, an
outsideradius of 80 mm, and is made of stainless steel (k = 15
W/(m° C). Its inside surface isheld at 150° C, while
itsoutside surface is at 30°C. There is no heat generation, and
steady-state conditions hold.Compute the rate at which heat is
being transferred across the pipewall.


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In our previous post, we took a look at how Bethash uses an entirely new system to prove fairness, as compared to cryptocurrency casinos that use an older system, known as 'provably fair'.
In this article, we will explore the practicality of an absolutely fair casino and identify some of the flaws that exist in the provably fair system. These issues, in addition to some other limitations of the technology, are what prompted the BetHash team to begin using blockchain-based provable fairness.
Quick Recap on Fairness: 3 versus 21
If you remember correctly, our previous article explained the basics of how the provably fair system works. The provably fair system works because of 3 components: the server seed, client seed, and the nonce.
Now, for the sake of argument, if any two of these three components are compromised, then the security of the provably fair system breaks down. We will get into the specifics of how this might occur in the next section.
The way BetHash differs here is in fact of a simple numbers game. Instead of relying on three components as per typical provably fair casinos, BethHash relies on the 21 block producers of the EOS blockchain network.
As we have previously explained, the EOS network has a decentralized network of 21 block producers that secure the blockchain network against mutability. If you were to somehow trying to alter the results of BetHash, you would first have to first corrupt at least 11 of the 21 EOS block producers, which is a practically impossible task, since each block producer is voted into position by tens of thousands of EOS users.
Because of this, subvert even one of the EOS block producers is a nigh-impossible task, since every EOS block producer is a well-known, reputable force in the EOS community.
How is the Provably Fair System Corruptible?
The answer to this question lies more in human error and human nature rather than the technology itself. The implementation of the provably fair system differs from casino to casino, which can mean different casinos have loopholes not present in most others.
Then comes the concept of a Zero-day attack. Consider this; the first generation of online casinos used random number generators (RNGs) to ensure fairness until it was discovered that RNGs were not secured enough. This was primarily due to the faulty implementation of the number generation algorithm. A great example is this case, where one person was able to accurately figure out how the cards were being shuffled in an online poker game, despite them being arranged using random numbers.
A Zero-day attack can be defined as the exploitation of faulty code or faulty implementation of a perfectly fine code despite the implementor (in this case, a casino) knowing about this vulnerability. With this in mind, let's take a look at two examples of how a provably fair system could have hidden vulnerabilities:
Example 1: Nonce overflow
This vulnerability has to do with a faulty way of storing the nonce in an unsecured unsigned integer variable. This could, in turn, lead the nonce variable to overflow after a certain number of bets have been made and cause it to return 0, resulting in every future roll to become predictable.
For a detailed explanation of how a Nonce overflow flaw works, visit this article.
Example 2: Force-It Box
In this second example, one programmer was able to detect two vulnerabilities in the way the provably fair system was implemented by one bitcoin dice site. First, the programmer discovered that there was no way for the client-side seed to be entered in the roll, which meant the website could still manipulate the results.
But the second and the bigger vulnerability was caused by the fact that the starting seed was exposed, giving anyone with enough gusto the ability to brute force the encryption and predict all the rolls.
For a detailed overview of how the Force-It Box vulnerability works, visit this GitHub post.
As you can see, although implementing a provably fair system is certainly a step in the right direction towards fairness, faulty implementations can cause the system to break down. On the other hand, with BetHash you are putting your trust in 21 incorruptible factors (EOS block producers) making BetHash a pioneering endeavor towards the evolution of fairness in online games.
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Summary: This well-illustrated volume presents for the first time a fascinating and comprehensive view of the cultural evolution of the American landscape. Written by a team of leading scholars, the essays examine key historical forces in the settlement and human shaping of the land over the past 10,000 years, with an emphasis on the past three centuries. Through carefully chosen illustration, the book shows the reader how to "read" in today's landscape the record o...show moref this transformation. The major historical forces that shaped the American cultural landscape are viewed from the varied perspective of ethnic and cultural movements, environmental challenge and response, and urbanization. The contributors discuss a rich selection of themes including: the diverse influence of colonial powers on early settlement; the emergence of regional types of landscape; the impact of ideology on landscape; and the contributions of technological change to landscape development.
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THE name of the werewolf protagonist of Marie de France's poem Bisclavret has occasioned a good deal of scholarly comment.1 Recently, too, Sharon Kinoshita and Peggy McCracken2 offer a fascinating discussion of the protagonist of Bisclavret's essential nature: is the poem 'of a werewolf or of Werewolf' (that is, what is the significance of Marie's calling him le bisclavret?), and is his nature, at bottom, that of a wolf or a man?
The Breton etymology proposed by William Sayers, *bleiz claffet (*bleiz klañvet in today's orthography), is the best so far, and seems appropriate: bleiz is 'wolf', and claffet is a passive past participle ultimately formed from claff (klañv), 'ill; rabid', with overtones of the Welsh cognate claf, 'ill; leprous; scorbutic', and the Old Irish cognate clam, 'leprous, scurfy; of animals, mangy'.3 As written, *bleiz claffet would mean 'mad/diseased wolf'; Sayers's rendering 'wolf-sick, afflicted with lycanthropy' shows that he is reading the name as a compound, *bleizclaffet, which would be *bleizglañvet in today's orthography: 'wolf-sick (one)', that is, not a diseased wolf, but someone stricken with a wolf disease.4 (The mutation of c to g caused by forming the compound would not have been written in either Old or Middle Breton, nor, for phonological reasons, would we necessarily have expected a French form *bisglavret to result if this alternative is correct.) In a way this option makes better sense than 'diseased wolf': medieval werewolves are typically humans who become wolves, not wolves who become humans.5 However, we must also reckon with v. 64 of Marie's text, where the protagonist tells his wife where he goes when he leaves her: 'Dame, jeo devienc bisclavret', he says; 'Lady, I turn into a bisclavret.' He does not tell her that he is a werewolf, but that he becomes one—or rather, that bisclavret is a description of him in his animal state. For this, 'rabid wolf' might be perfectly appropriate. And conversely we must reckon with the queen's realization in v. 274: que la beste bisclavret/Bisclavret seit, 'that the beast was a werewolf/was Bisclavret'; if bisclavret is not supposed to be a proper name, it must mean 'one who is wolf-sick, afflicted with lycanthropy' rather than 'mad wolf' or 'diseased wolf', for the latter would hardly inspire interest and sympathy in the queen.
What has been overlooked in the literature on Bisclavret is that the name or designation bisclavret is similar to attested names in Old and Middle Breton. As Celticists have known for a long time, the early Bretons,6 like the early Irish, were fond of naming warriors after animals. Dogs and wolves were especially common.
While the Irish hero Cú Chulainn, 'the Hound of Culann', is so called because of his famous killing of the smith Culann's guard-dog, other dog or wolf names such as Cú Díbergae, 'Hound of Brigandage', or Fáelán, 'Little Wolf', are found with 'extraordinary frequency' among early Irish warband (fían) members, and may have been conferred upon initiation into the fían.7 The anonymous French lay of Melion, a development of Marie's Bisclavret, reflects this early Irish warband culture,8 in which young men raiding the countryside are said to be oc fáelad, '(were-)wolfing'.9
Similarly, repositories of Old Breton personal names such as the Cartulary of Redon give us examples like Tanki (modern Tangi/Tanguy), 'Fire-Hound', or Maenki (modern Menguy), 'Powerful-Hound' (or 'Stone-Hound'), among many other names involving animals.10 Old Breton Gurki, answering to Welsh Gurci/Gwrgi, means either 'Great Dog/Top Dog/Over-Dog', or else 'Man-Hound'.11Gurki is thus ambiguous in whether it might suggest a werewolf.
A key form from the Cartulary of Redon is Bleidbara, the name of a witness (testis) to a charter dated 875.12 The meaning may be 'Frenzy-Wolf' or 'Mad-Wolf', as Gary German has it,13 but the structure would have to be noun-plus-genitive: 'Wolf of Frenzy/Madness/Rage'; otherwise we would have a compound meaning 'Wolfish Frenzy/Madness/Rage', a plausible option too. Xavier Delamarre in fact prefers this, translating Bleidbara as 'Fureur-de-Loup' and citing a comparable Gaulish name, Cuno-barrus, 'Fureur-de- … chien'; Ranko Matasović translates Bleidbara 'furious as a wolf'.14 Importantly, although in modern times many soldiers and commanders have earned themselves the nickname 'Mad Dog', Bleidbara seems to be an Old Breton name like any other. Such a name might have been given to a child in mere hopes that he would grow up to be a frenzied warrior; and so many of the aggressive-sounding names in the Cartulary of Redon are followed by 'monachus' or 'presbyter' that even this may not have been the case.
One might take a cynical view of these facts, and suggest that Marie de France's tale of Bisclavret is in fact a gloss on an evocative name: a woman marries a man named Manwolf or Madwolf or Wolf-frenzy; she is then shocked to discover that in this case his name is not conventional but literal. Hence she gets the surplus of meaning which Marie famously urges us to elicit from the obscure writings of the ancients (vv. 9–16 of her Prologue to the Lais).
Names in -claffet (or a corresponding older spelling) are not found, however, giving this rather tempting suggestion less weight than it might otherwise have. Likewise, v. 64 makes us question whether Bisclavret can possibly be the protagonist's name, rather than (or as well as) the name for what he becomes; he is not named up to that point. Nevertheless, there is at least one name in -claff that is known to us: Guinglaff, King Arthur's prophetic interlocutor in the Middle-Breton An Dialog etre Arzur Roe d'an Bretounet ha Guynglaff, 'The Dialogue between Arthur, king of the Bretons, and Guynglaff'.15 The meaning of Guinglaff involves sickness: Hervé Le Bihan translates it as 'having a blessed disease of the eye',16 where -glaff (< claff) is 'having a disease', and guin- (gwennin modern spelling) is 'white; pure; blessed' ('of the eye' is conjectural; there is a tradition that the prophet was blind). As Le Bihan has now shown, An Dialog straddles the genre of political prophecy—well-attested in medieval Wales—and that of the orally-transmitted Breton ballad (gwerz), which Donatien Laurent has claimed to be the 'exact extension' of the tradition from which Marie derived her lays.17
These reflections on the etymology and meaning of bisclavret complicate rather than simplify our analysis of the character—which, as Kinoshita and McCracken have shown, was already complex and difficult enough. However, they do so productively. It is now conventional to note in passing that bisclavret is a Breton word or name;18 and as a Breton name, it is not merely appropriate to the character, but situated within a network of associations that includes one of the key texts pointing to the existence of medieval Breton oral literature. All linguistic considerations aside, the nature of these associations makes Hans Schwerteck's suggestion of *bleiz kammwraet, supposedly 'counterfeit wolf', seem less likely.


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Themis was Titan daughter of Uranus and Gaea. She was goddess of divine law and orderthe traditional rules of conduct first established by the gods. She was also a prophetic goddess who presided over the most ancient oracles including Delphi.In this role, she was the divine voice who first instructed mankind in the primal law of justice and morality, such as the precepts of piety, the rules of hospitality, good governance, conduct of assembly and pious offerings to the gods.
|Themis and Zeus|
Themis was married to Zeus, by whom she became the mother of the Horai, Eunomia, Dice, Eirene and the Moerae. Themis was often represented seated beside Zeus throne advising him on the precepts of divine law and rules of fate.


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The big male nose
Source - _URL_
Male noses grow disproportionately larger than female noses beginning at puberty, a University of Iowa study has found. The reason: males need to breathe in more oxygen to feed muscle mass than females. - College of Dentistry, University of Iowa
Human noses come in all shapes and sizes. But one feature seems to hold true: Men's noses are bigger than women's.
A new study from the University of Iowa concludes that men's noses are about 10 percent larger than female noses, on average, in populations of European descent. The size difference, the researchers believe, comes from the sexes' different builds and energy demands: Males in general have more lean muscle mass, which requires more oxygen for muscle tissue growth and maintenance. Larger noses mean more oxygen can be breathed in and transported in the blood to supply the muscle.
The researchers also note that males and females begin to show differences in nose size at around age 11, generally, when puberty starts. Physiologically speaking, males begin to grow more lean muscle mass from that time, while females grow more fat mass. Prior research has shown that, during puberty, approximately 95 percent of body weight gain in males comes from fat-free mass, compared to 85 percent in females.
"This relationship has been discussed in the literature, but this is the first study to examine how the size of the nose relates to body size in males and females in a longitudinal study," says Nathan Holton, assistant professor in the UI College of Dentistry and lead author of the paper, published in the American Journal of Physical Anthropology. "We have shown that as body size increases in males and females during growth, males exhibit a disproportionate increase in nasal size. This follows the same pattern as energetic variables such as oxygenate consumption, basal metabolic rate and daily energy requirements during growth."
It also explains why our noses are smaller than those of our ancestors, such as the Neanderthals. The reason, the researchers believe, is because our distant lineages had more muscle mass, and so needed larger noses to maintain that muscle. Modern humans have less lean muscle mass, meaning we can get away with smaller noses.
"So, in humans, the nose can become small, because our bodies have smaller oxygen requirements than we see in archaic humans," Holton says, noting also that the rib cages and lungs are smaller in modern humans, reinforcing the idea that we don't need as much oxygen to feed our frames as our ancestors. "This all tells us physiologically how modern humans have changed from their ancestors."
Holton and his team tracked nose size and growth of 38 individuals of European descent enrolled in the Iowa Facial Growth Study from three years of age until the mid-twenties, taking external and internal measurements at regular intervals for each individual. The researchers found that boys and girls have the same nose size, generally speaking, from birth until puberty percolated, around age 11. From that point onward, the size difference grew more pronounced, the measurements showed.
"Even if the body size is the same," Holton says, "males have larger noses, because more of the body is made up of that expensive tissue. And, it's at puberty that these differences really take off."
Holton says the findings should hold true for other populations, as differences in male and female physiology cut across cultures and races, although further studies would need to confirm that.
Prior research appears to support Holton's findings. In a 1999 study published in the European Journal of Nutrition, researchers documented that males' energy needs doubles that of females post-puberty, "indicating a disproportional increase in energy expenditure in males during this developmental period," Holton and his colleagues write.
Another interesting aspect of the research is what it all means for how we think of the nose. It's not just a centrally located adornment on our face; it's more a valuable extension of our lungs.
"So, in that sense, we can think of it as being independent of the skull, and more closely tied with non-cranial aspects of anatomy," Holton says.
Thomas Southard, professor and chair of orthodontics in the UI College of Dentistry, is a contributing author on the paper. Other authors are Todd Yokley, from Metropolitan State University in Denver, and Andrew Froehle, from Wright State University, in Dayton, Ohio. The Department of Orthodontics in the UI College of Dentistry funded the research.
Note: This story has been adapted from a news release issued by the University of Iowa


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Excitement is contagious. If people in the audience sense you care about something, they are more likely to care too. Here are three tactics for winning over your listeners:
- Use an animated voice. Vary the volume of your voice so your emotion comes through. Whisper at appropriate moments or rise to a crescendo to drive a point home.
- Match your facial expressions. The expression on your face reinforces your message. Listeners want to see — not just hear — your passion. Make eye contact and don't be afraid to smile or laugh, when appropriate and genuine.
- Make gestures. A fist can reinforce confidence and certitude. Waving a hand or pointing can help draw attention.


Google and Microsoft Want Every Company to Scrutinize You with AI
The tech giants are eager to rent out their AI breakthroughs to other companies.
by Tom Simonite August 1, 2016
Illustration by Oscar Bolton Green
Microsoft's competitors Google, IBM, and Amazon are making the same bet. Google announced in June that it had invented a new kind of chip to accelerate machine-learning software and make its cloud services more competitive. The company lags Amazon and Microsoft in the cloud market, and CEO Sundar Pichai has said machine-learning services provide a way for Google to differentiate itself. Amazon's cloud division, Amazon Web Services, launched its first machine-learning cloud services last year, and in June the group's head, Andy Jassy, pledged to expand them significantly in the coming months.
Amazon and its largest competitors stepped up their investments in machine-learning technology in recent years after breakthroughs in software that can be trained to do tasks such as interpret photos or speech (see "10 Breakthrough Technologies 2013: Deep Learning").
Some of the first consumer products to take advantage of those breakthroughs were Amazon's Alexa voice-operated home assistant and Google's new Photos service, which understands the content of images and has more than 200 million users. Adding machine learning to the cloud services that corporations already use to outsource tasks such as data storage and analysis is seen as another way to extract money from the technology and enhance the very lucrative market. IDC estimates that corporations spent almost $70 billion with cloud providers last year, and predicts that will double before the end of the decade.
Rob Craft, who leads product management for Google's cloud machine-learning offerings, says that most companies are in a position to benefit from machine learning right away because they have a lot of data on hand about their operations, business, and customers. "Our goal is to help them have more direct value from that data," he says.
The most straightforward of the new services offered by Google and others do things like describe the content of images, transcribe audio files such as phone calls, extract key terms from text, or translate text between languages. Although seen as lagging behind Google in machine-learning technology, Microsoft and IBM have so far rolled out the broadest range of such services, known as APIs.
Microsoft has an API that tries to decipher facial expressions, for example. IBM has one that assesses the personality of the author of text such as social media posts. Marketing company Influential uses it to help brands such as Corona and Red Bull identify the most useful social media users for promotional efforts. Different APIs can be combined. For example, a company could set up a system that spots its logo in social media images, notes the facial expression of any people in the photo, and extracts key terms from any accompanying text.
Many key software components needed to build the kind of machine-learning systems that Google and others hope will be so valuable are free (see "Facebook Joins Stampede of Tech Giants Giving Away AI Technology"). But Jimoh Ovbiagele, cofounder and chief technology officer at startup ROSS Intelligence, which provides software that speeds up legal research to major law firms, says that the time and expense of building and operating a top-notch machine-learning system means many companies are better off renting the technology.
"It makes sense to stand on the shoulders of giants," says Ovbiagele. ROSS's ability to understand legal questions is built on IBM's suite of language processing technology, some of which originated with the Watson computer that beat two Jeopardy! champions in 2011.
Chris Curran, chief technologist with PwC, says most large corporations are still far from ready to spend significantly on machine-learning services, though. He estimates about three quarters are in "watch and learn" mode, waiting to see what these new capabilities offer.
And while the new services from Microsoft and others make it easy for non-technology companies like Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center to use preprogrammed machine-learning systems, the technology is most valuable when customized for an organization's specific needs, says Curran. Google and Microsoft's image APIs are good at general assessments, such as whether a photo contains a cat or a skyscraper, for example. But a food manufacturer would get more value from a vision system able to spot specific defects in items on its production line.
All the cloud providers either already offer or have promised ways for customers to train algorithms on their own data, for their own problems. But creating customized artificial intelligence software can only be made so easy, says Curran. "You need to have the right people and expertise, and those are in short supply," he says.


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Ignacio Serrano-Pedraza, Paul Goddard, Andrew M. Derrington; Evidence for reciprocal antagonism between motion sensors tuned to coarse and fine features. Journal of Vision 2007;7(12):8. doi: 10.1167/7.12.8.
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© ARVO (_PHONE_); The Authors (2016-present)
Early visual processing analyses fine and coarse image features separately. Here we show that motion signals derived from fine and coarse analyses are combined in rather a surprising way: Coarse and fine motion sensors representing the same direction of motion inhibit one another and an imbalance can reverse the motion perceived. Observers judged the direction of motion of patches of filtered two-dimensional noise, centered on 1 and 3 cycles/deg. When both sets of noise were present and only the 3 cycles/deg noise moved, judgments were reversed at short durations. When both sets of noise moved, judgments were correct but sensitivity was impaired. Reversals and impairments occurred both with isotropic noise and with orientation-filtered noise. The reversals and impairments could be simulated in a model of motion sensing by adding a stage in which the outputs of motion sensors tuned to 1 and 3 cycles/deg and the same direction of motion were subtracted from one another. The subtraction model predicted and we confirmed in experiments with orientation-filtered noise that if the 1 cycle/deg noise flickered and the 3 cycles/deg noise moved, the 1 cycle/deg noise appeared to move in the opposite direction to the 3 cycles/deg noise even at long durations.
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