Follow-up: The Stork and The Frog
Here are some bonus problems:
 1. rmjarvis said,
 May 6, 2007 at 12:25 pm
 This problem is basically the same as the proof that the rational numbers are countable. In the same kind of way, we can prove that the set of all possible frog hops are countable.
 Define the frogs motion as x(n) = a + b*n, where a is the starting position, b is the hop size and n is the number of hops taken.
 So any given frog motion is characterized by the pair (a,b). Furthermore, we can sort these pairs by the following criteria:
 First by the sum (|a| + |b|).
 Then, within the pairs with the same (|a|+|b|), by a.
 Finally, within those with the same (|a|+|b|) and the same a, by b.
 So the first several frog motions are:
 (-1,0) (0,-1) (0,1) (1,0)
 (-2,0) (-1,-1) (-1,1) (0,-2) (0,2) (1,-1) (1,1) (2,0)
 (-3,0) (-2,-1) (-2,1) (-1,-2) (-1,2) (0,-3) (0,3) (1,-2) (1,2) (2,-1) (2,1) (3,0)
 The strategy is then simple. In the first second, when n=0, the stork tries out the first frog motion (0,0). At n=0, this motion is at x=0, so the stork tries that spot. If it doesnâ€™t get the frog, then in the second second it tries the next pair (-1,0), which at n=1 is at x=-1. Then (0,-1),n=2 is x=-2. Then (0,1),n=3 is x=3. Then (1,0),n=4 is x=1. Then (-2,0),n=4 is x=-2. And so on.
 Since all possible frog motions are enumerated in this list, eventually the stork will try the one that actually corresponds to the frogs motion.
 Note that the proof that rational numbers are enumerable follows the same strategy where a,b are the numerator and denominator instead. And in that case, you can skip the b=0 possibility. I wasnâ€™t sure whether the statement of the problem implied that b=0 was allowed or not for this problem, but if not then you just remove those pairs from the above list and the proof still holds.
 2. Shawn said,
 November 19, 2011 at 9:11 pm
 What about the possibilities where b = ±1/2, ±sqrt2/2, ±sqrt3/2, ±sqrt5/2, ±sqrt6/2… ±sqrt(n)/2, ±cube root(2)/2, ±cube root(3)/2 … ±nth root(n)/2, ±nth root(n)/3, ±nth root(n)/4… ±nth root(n)/n… n^[n/n] … n^[-n/n] … pi, 2pi, 3pi, 4pi … npi, pi^2, pi^3, pi^4, pi^5 … pi^n. (I'm guessing that we're going to assume that the frog hops completely horizontally, so we can ignore complex numbers of the form a + bi where b? 0) For the stork to guarantee that he can catch the frog, we would have to assume that he can make an infinite number of attempts in his lifetime.
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Camp Misty Mount:
A Place for Regrowth--
By looking at Camp Misty Mount: A Place for Regrowth, students can more easily appreciate a successful WPA project that continues to meet the recreational needs of individuals and organized groups and has helped the forest to regrow.
National Park Service
- Catoctin Mountain Park is a unit of the National Park System. The park's Web site details the history of the park and visitation information. Included on the site are features on the Works Progress Administration and the Civilian Conservation Corps, such retreats as Camp David and Camp Misty Mount, and the role of the charcoal/iron industries in the Catoctin Mountain Park.
- The National Park Service's Park Geology Web site offers a brief history of the Catoctin Mountains including information on the different inhabitants who affected the land.
- The National Park Service's History Web page provides an on-line book titled, The Civilian Conservation Corps and the National Park Service, _PHONE_: An Administrative History. Included in the book is a history of the CCC and an examinination of the role of the National Park Service.
Maryland Department of Housing and Community Development (DHCD)
For a better understanding of Maryland's preservation efforts visit the DHCD's Division of Historical and Cultural Programs. This division is charged with identifying, studying, evaluating, preserving, protecting, and interpreting Maryland's significant prehistoric and historic sites, districts, structures, cultural landscapes, heritage areas, and cultural objects and artifacts, as well as less tangible human and community traditions.
The New Deal:
Library of Congress
Search the American Memory Historical Collection of the Library of Congress for further documentation on the New Deal and the Works Progress Administration (WPA). Included on the site are photographs from the Great Depression, manuscripts from the Federal Writers' Project, numerous documents and photographs of WPA workers and their projects, and much more.
National Archives and Records Administration (NARA)
The New Deal Network
The New Deal Network is an educational Web site sponsored by the Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute and the Institute for Learning Technologies. The New Deal Network offers over 4000 images and 500 articles, speeches, and letters relating to the New Deal. Also included on the site is a comprehensive on-line resource page on the Great Depression and New Deal that offers links specifically applicable to K-12.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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There is a well known correspondence between line bundles over curves and divisors. For each line bundle, consider a rational section, take poles and zeros and we have a corresponding divisor (up to linear equivalence ). But what if there is no such section? For example, consider a line bundle over $\mathbb{P}^1$ with transition function $e^{1/z}$ with $z \neq 0,\infty$. What is the degree of this line bundle?
share|improve this question
The transition function is holomorphic at $\infty$ so the line bundle is trivial. – Torsten Ekedahl Jul 20 '11 at 6:33
Dear Torsten, your argument is a little incomplete. After all, the non-trivial bundle $\mathcal O(k)$ for $k>0$ has as transition function $1/z^k$, which is holomorphic at $\infty$. The crucial point is that indeed $e^{1/z}$ is holomorphic but also that it has neither zeros nor poles on $\mathbb P^1\setminus 0$. – Georges Elencwajg Jul 20 '11 at 8:59
Dear Georges, yes I forgot to say that it and its inverse are holomorphic at $\infty$. – Torsten Ekedahl Jul 20 '11 at 14:15
2 Answers 2
Here is the way you get a non-vanishing holomorphic section which will trivialize your line bundle.
Denote $U_1=\{[x:y]; x\neq 0 \}$ and $U_2=\{[x:y]; y\neq 0\}$, this is a covering of $\mathbb P^1$. The transition function of the bundle is $g_{12}([x:y])=e^{y/x}$ (you could also take $e^{x/y}$, this wouldn't change the argument), defined on $U_1 \cap U_2$.
Then you may defined the following holomorphic functions: on $U_1$, you put $s_1([x:y]):=e^{y/x}$ and on $U_2$, $s_2([x:y]):=1$. Thus $s_1$ and $s_2$ are non-vanishing holomorphic functions, and on $U_1 \cap U_2$, you have $s_1=g_{12}s_2$ so that they form a section of our line bundle.
EDIT: In particular the degree of the line bundle is 0!
Moreover, on a Riemann surface (or more generally on any smooth projective complex variety), any line bundle admits a meromorphic section, so that the correspondence your are talking about still holds.
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As several people have pointed out, your example has degree $0$. Another way to see this is to observe that given a section, the number of zeros minus poles in both hemispheres is a difference of two winding numbers. This would work out to $(1/2\pi i)\int_\gamma d\log g_{12}$, where $\gamma$ is the equator and $g_{12}$ is the transition function (as in Henri's answer). In fancier terms, this is the first Chern number. In your example, this works out to $0$ (again). For $\mathbb{P}^1$, the degree is the sole invariant.
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text:
Hello friends, today I offer this beautiful bougainvillea and spectacular shadow on the white wall of a villa resort on the beautiful beach of La Barrosa, Cadiz in the town of Chiclana de la Frontera, hope you like it.
In the Ws I offer a broader picture.
The genus Bougainvillea known bougainvillea common (by Pan-Hispanic Dictionary of doubt, the most widely used in America), bougainvillea (Spain), bougainvillea (Chile) or camelina (Mexico), Napoleon (Honduras), bougainvillea (Colombia, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Costa Rica and Panama), Trinity (Colombia, Cuba, Panama, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic and Venezuela), Santa Rita (Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay) or papelillo (northern Peru) is a genus of plants native to South America. Its name comes from Louis Antoine de Bougainville, a French soldier who discovered the plant in Brazil in 1768.
This plant is able to withstand all climates, especially hot and dry. Produce any palette in their "flowers", which actually are not, but modified leaves. The true flower is white and tiny, surrounded by these modified leaves called "bracts". The trunk and branches have thorns. In tropical areas of South America, blooms all year, and most of the year in countries with stations. The species of yellow flowers, white, and pink are more delicate, and prefer places protected from wind and coastal climates where winter is mild. The pink and red colors to better acclimate, provided that they are located in the sun, protected from the wind and cold.
La Barrosa, Spanish beach located in Chiclana de la Frontera on the Costa de la Luz. It has 8 kilometers long, from the cliff that separates the beach of Sancti Petri, to the Loma del Puerco. On March 5, 1811 took place on this beach one of the most important chapters in the Spanish War of Independence, for here took place the Battle of Barrosa Chiclana or in which the Anglo-Spanish troops defeated France's Napoleon. From this period are preserved Bermeja Tower (located on the cliff that separates this beach of Sancti Petri) and Pork Tower, located in the Hill of the same name, although the latter tower was from the sixteenth century. Also on the island of Sancti Petri are preserved defensive walls. Due to its length, three different parties popularly known as "First, Second and Third Runway": The First Hint of Barrosa is characterized by a long promenade (with shops, restaurants, entertainment venues, gardens...) and until 2009 was a large stone that was unmistakable and was swept by a storm. Two features of residential areas, and a third runway is the one that corresponds to the beach area of Novo Sancti Petri, which is most of the hotels on the coast of Chiclana. About 20 hotels of 4 or 5 stars, which account for more than 12,000 hotel rooms, make this development the focal point of tourism in the province of Cadiz and the Costa de la Luz. Also, this complex has shopping and sports. Stresses the golf course Novo Sancti Petri, designed by Severiano Ballesteros, which opened in December 1990 by Don Juan de Borbon. Newer is the Loma de Sancti Petri urbanization, which is a continuation of the previous one and that could be included as a fourth track. The coastal area for both developments still retains the dunes and native vegetation. This tourist spot and friendly environment is very characteristic landscapes of the beach and the sunset behind the Castle of Sancti Petri, or horse rides along the shore at sunset. Its promenade becomes especially during the afternoons and evenings - in which the rigors of the sun give way to softness of sunsets without end, in a bustling and multicultural bazaar where collect souvenirs or enjoy a drink or ice cream in establishments flanking it and a perfect place for a dinner with sea views in any of the bars to be found on their journey. Large parking areas and access granted about their enjoyment by all sorts of people, regardless of their means of mobility, cause that these beaches are available to all who aspire to visit without any limitations. His bars, which correspond closely to the requirements of the law of Costas, they become the perfect venue for any recipe tasting Chiclana, activity strengthened since the gastronomic side to enjoy the stay on the beach bathers own and outsiders.
Exposure Time: 10/6400 sec
ISO Speed Ratings: 100
Focal Length: 11.5 mm
Date Taken: 2012-09-21 16:07
Metering Mode: Pattern
Flash: Flash did not fire, compulsory flash mode
File Size: 294 kb
Critiques | Translate
Ninello52 (7065) 2012-10-27 10:44
Composición muy elegante! Niza el efecto gráfico de la sombra en la pared blanca, ¡enhorabuena!
jacquest (14486) 2012-10-27 10:51
This is a very nice composition with this flowered branch and lt's shadow on the wall. Excellent control of the light and framing. Quite a beautiful image.
bartekp (4200) 2012-10-27 10:58
Very good POV and composition. Light and colors are very good as well. But i like especially shadow.
Have a nice evening
carlo62 (13544) 2012-10-27 11:11
bella ed elegante, lo sfondo mette in risalto i colori e l'ombra crea un bel disegno, due diagonali che attraversano l'immagine e che colpiscono l'attenzione.
Rafer (14305) 2012-10-27 11:28
Preciosa foto Angel... muy delicada...perfecta!!!! Saludos
siudzi (24689) 2012-10-27 11:35
Charming and so nice post taken with simple but very attractive composition. Perfectly executed lights and shadows. Very well done! Thanks for sharing.
claudeD (24601) 2012-10-27 11:40
Wonderful picture with an excellent light managment and good framing. I like your fotojob here very much.TFS.
With regards from Luxembourg
emilbo (20928) 2012-10-27 11:58
Excellente prise de vue et beau jeu d'ombre et lumière. Bonne composition en diagonale et beau format carré. Une photo agréable à regarder. J'espère qu'elle va demeurer sur TE car moi on me les enlève toutes. J'en ai une semblable et je crois que je vais la publier, juste pour voir. Beau travail.
Cordiales salutations et bon dimanche,
korbee (6305) 2012-10-27 12:40
I think without the frame it would be ven better angel,this is like a kind of wishing card,very keen composition.
francio64 (38188) 2012-10-27 13:13
semplice, ma piacevole immagine che nella sua composizione si completa con l'ombra sul muro.
macondo (17997) 2012-10-27 18:06
A very simple but really quite beautiful photo. I love the large space between the branch and its shadow, and the angle of the subject too. Well composed to include the top of the wall as a counterfoil with its own shadow. I think the frame is just a little too complicated, with too many colours and layers.
bayno (16423) 2012-10-27 22:23
a composition simple but delicious, very nice game of shadows projected on the wall by the flowering branch, great colors and light, good sharp...
have a good sunday...
SWEETFREEDOM (18607) 2012-10-28 0:59
very nice flower, good shade.
contrast of colors and light are very good.
jemaflor (69731) 2012-10-28 1:22
très bien vues ces ombres, la disposition en diagonale est idéale, jolie contraste de teinte, bravo!
ikeharel (38090) 2012-10-28 5:31
You'v got a good approach, as you managed to take a simple branch with ed flower and compose into a nice photo, with the shade giving the most effect to the whole.
eldancer1 (17330) 2012-10-28 6:56
Simple but effective composition. Love those flowers. Good lighting and dof with nice details. Well done, tfs.
jlbrthnn (79787) 2012-10-28 7:13
La idea es creativa. La imagen se logra notablemente. Me encanta este tono delicado. Luz, el color y la calidad son excelentes. Bravo.
mesutilgim (68620) 2012-10-28 12:00
Hello dear Angel,
Amazing captuere of this bougainvillea branch with it's own shadow on the white wall.
Nice framing and many interesting notes.
T


z-transform helpwill rate LIFESAVER
0 pts ended
A causal system isrepresented by the following difference equation:
a) Find the systemfunction H(z) and give the corresponding region of convergence.
b) Find the unit sample response of the system in analyticalform.
c) Find the frequency response and determine itsmagnitude and phase
Answers (0)


Could Augmented Reality Help Fight Parkinson's-related "Freezing"?
A team of students at Rice University developed an app that uses visual cues to mitigate that vexing symptom.
Image courtesy Rice University. Image has been cropped for size.
Studies have found that many people with Parkinson's disease try to shroud their symptoms out of social fear. That obviously isn't a good thing: Everyone deserves to make it through their day, or at least down the street, without fearing how their motions may look to others.
A team of Rice University engineering students have designed a system that might help those with the disease get through one of its most vexing symptoms in a way that's pretty discreet in today's society: By staring at a smartphone screen.
The phenomenon known as "freezing" occurs for many Parkinson's patients. It's when their limbs temporarily won't do what their brain is telling them to, causing them to "freeze" during activities like walking. Sometimes, a simple visual cue can help spur their motion.
That's where augmented reality (AR) comes in. The students developed a smartphone app that allows a user to place one of those cues, like a circle or block (see image above), to target where on the ground their next step should land. According to a brief from Rice, the cue is often enough to spur patients back into their gait.
"This is for patients who, in their day-to-day lives, experience freezing episodes," one team member, Gaby Perez, said. The app can also use tactile and audio cues, which Perez said other devices meant to assist with the problem typically don't incorporate.
A smartphone app is also cheaper and more innocuous than those other solutions, like laser-guiding canes. One of Perez's teammates, Dan Burke, said that the project "has the potential to work more effectively and at a fraction of the cost." The app—which is more proof-of-concept than eventual product—was designed for iPhones, but the team said it should be adaptable to Android devices as well.
To help assist patients who may suffer from Parkinson's-related tremors, the team helped design a lanyard phone holder that can make the device easier to hold. There's been a lot of recent research on this front, too: A team in Finland just released a study about an optimizer they'd developed that uses artificial intelligence to create smartphone interfaces for people with various symptoms (including tremors) that can make touchscreens difficult to use. Another new study from Johns Hopkins University detailed an mHealth app developed to track Parkinson's disease progression based on
The team at Rice—which calls itself Stairway to Stability—said that many of the patients they worked with are experiencing milder Parkinson's symptoms, but that the freezing problem already affected all of them in some way.
"They've each talked about the mental gymnastics they go through to be able to move their feet again. They're very interested in anything that can reduce that burden," team member Keshev Rao said. His colleague, Kristen Smith, added that a discreet solution was one of their main goals.
Related Coverage:
Want Better Treatments for Parkinson's Disease? Smartphones Can Help
Computer Models Used to Predict Progression of Parkinson's Disease in Patients
AI Can Tailor Touchscreens for Those With Disabilities


text:
The Study of Personnel Needs in Special Education (SPeNSE) was designed to address concerns about nationwide shortages in the number of personnel serving students with disabilities and the need for improvement in the qualifications of those employed. Part of a national assessment of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act mandated by Congress, SPeNSE examined (1) the extent to which personnel are adequately prepared to serve students with disabilities, (2) variation in personnel preparation, and (3) factors that explain that variation.SPeNSE included personnel from a nationally representative sample of districts, intermediate education agencies, and state schools for students with vision and hearing impairments. Over 8000 local administrators, preschool teachers, general and special education teachers, speech-language pathologists, and paraprofessionals participated in telephone interviews during the _PHONE_ school year.SPeNSE provides information on the quality of the workforce nationally, within each geographic region, and within and across personnel categories. In addition, researchers are using this information to explain the quality of the workforce based on state and local policies, preservice education, continuing professional development, and working conditions.
Be sure to check back as we add more resources.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
In This Section
APIFED (Appui à l'autopromotion et l'insertion des femmes, des jeunes et des désœuvrés)
APIFED are located in Djoum, Cameroon and works with local and indigenous communities mostly in the region of Djoum. RFUK's partnership with APIFED began in 2014 and together we are working on the following issues:
- Participatory Mapping
- Land and Resource Rights of Forest Peoples
- Processes related to and planning (zoning land reform)
APIFED aims to contribute to improving the socio-economic position of vulnerable groups.


text:
Overall Goal & Objectives of the WGWAP
The overall goal of the WGWAP is the conservation and recovery of the Western Gray Whale population.
Its specific objectives are:
- To provide independent scientific and technical advice to decision makers in industry, government and civil society with respect to the potential effects of human activities, particularly oil and gas development activities, on the Western Gray Whale population
- Co-ordinate research to: achieve synergies between various field programmes; minimise disturbance to Western Gray Whales (e.g. by avoiding overlap and redundancy of field research programmes); identify and mitigate potential risks associated with scientific research activities; and maximise the contributions of research to understanding the status and conservation needs of the Western Gray Whale population.
The WGWAP has been established to provide an independent review process and advice regarding the management of risks to the Western Gray Whales. Its main roles and responsibilities are:
- To focus on the conservation of western gray whales and related biodiversity
- To assess the status of the western gray whale population
- To provide advice and recommendations regarding research for the conservation of the whales
- To independently review Sakhalin Energy's plans and assessments, and the effectiveness of the mitigation measures implemented
- To provide independent scientific and technical advice to decision makers, governments and civil society concerning whales and related biodiversity conservation
- To coordinate research efforts on western gray whales and their habitat
- To increase global knowledge and understanding of western gray whale population and their habitat
The IUCN convened meetings between the WGWAP, Sakhalin Energy and other stakeholders provide an important mechanism of cooperation and collaboration between various stakeholders. Moreover, it provides a useful model of how business, scientists and the conservation community can work collectively to address environmental threats.
Who are the WGWAP?
The Panel includes 11 prominent international scientists from a broad range of scientific disciplines. Panel members come from Canada, Russia, the United Kingdom, Germany and the United States (see Panel Member Bios)
The Panel is under the Chairmanship of Dr Randall R. Reeves, Chairman of the IUCN Species Survival Commission's Specialist Group on Cetaceans.


text:
The Mayans were a powerful tribe of people that thrived in Mesoamerica from 2000 BC until 900 AD. This incredible group of people had a calendar, method of writing and built large cities with the most modern infrastructure of the time. The Mayans are well-known for their towering pyramids and temples, and you can easily create a model of a Mayan pyramid as a project for school when your class is studying this time period.
- Skill level:
- Moderately Easy
Other People Are Reading
Things you need
- Plywood board
- Sugar cubes
Look at pictures of Mayan pyramids to decide which structure you want to showcase. Chichen Itza is a famous Mayan pyramid, and it is a more simple design than some of the other structures.
Cut a piece of plywood to fit your model, making sure that it is small enough to fit through standard doorways without tilting it. Children should ask an adult to cut the board for them. Sand the edges to prevent any splinters, and paint the surface to make it look like the ground.
Use sugar cubes to build the pyramid. Make a large square by gluing the cubes to the board, and then fill it it with three or four rows of sugar cubes behind the outer perimeter of the square. Begin to build layers, moving each subsequent square outline in by the width of half of a sugar cube to slowly create the pyramid shape. Repeat the layers until your pyramid is complete.
Add additional cubes to build details and other features on the structure. Attach toothpicks with glue to highlight stairways or other linear details.
Allow the entire structure to dry, and then you can add colour by lightly painting the cubes with paint. Do not saturate the cubes with paint, or they can melt.
Tips and warnings
- You can add realistic detail to the base of your project by using paint that has a special sand effect. If you do not have the faux finishing paint, you can just mix a small amount of sand into regular paint, and apply it as evenly as possible.
- Add fake foliage or small models of people to give your model more details.
- Be careful when transporting your project since it will be heavy and fragile. If you can, have an adult help you carry it to school in the bed of a pickup or the cargo space of an SUV.
- 20 of the funniest online reviews ever
- 14 Biggest lies people tell in online dating sites
- Hilarious things Google thinks you're trying to search for


). For example, here is what an array might look like:
$APPTS{'02'} = "See Professor";
$APPTS{'03'} = "ABC Enterprises\0Luncheon Meeting";
This example shows one appointment on the 2nd of this month, and two appointments (separated by a \0 character) on the 3rd.
In several nested loops--one for the rows, one for the days in each row, and one for the appointments on each day--we draw the date for each box and list the appointment keywords in the appropriate boxes.
 for ($outer=0; $outer <= $DATA{'no_rows'}; $outer++) {
 $temp_y = $DATA{'start_calendar'} + $outer +
 ($outer * $DATA{'box_height'}) +
This outermost loop iterates through the rows, based on $DATA{'no_rows'}. The $temp_y variable contains the y coordinate where the date should be drawn for a particular row.
 while (($inner < 7) && ($counter <= $DATA{'last_day'})) {
 $temp_x = $DATA{'x_offset'} +
 ($inner * $DATA{'box_length'}) +
 $inner + $DATA{'date_x_offset'};
 $image->string (gdLargeFont, $temp_x, $temp_y,
 sprintf ("%2d", $counter),
This inner loop draws the dates across a row. A while loop was used instead of a for loop because the number of dates across a row may not be seven (in cases when the month does not start on Sunday or does not end on Saturday). The variable $counter keeps track of the actual date that is being output.
 if ($APPTS{$counter}) {
 _USER_ = split (/\0/, $APPTS{$counter});
 last if ($loop >= $DATA{'no_appts'});
If appointments exist for the date, a for loop is used to iterate through the list. The number of appointments that can fit in a box is governed by $DATA{'no_appts'}; others are ignored. But the user can click on the individual date to see all of them.
 $image->string (gdSmallFont,
 $DATA{'x_offset'} +
 ($inner * $DATA{'box_length'} +
 $inner +
 $temp_y +
 ($loop * $DATA{'small_font_height'}) +
 pack ("A$DATA{'no_chars'}",
The keywords for an appointment are displayed in the box. The pack operator truncates the string to fit in the box.
 $inner = 0;
 $| = 1;
 print "Pragma: no-cache", "\n\n";
 print $image->gif;
Finally, the program turns output buffering off and sends the image to the client for display.
The following subroutine returns an associative array containing the keywords for all the appointments for the selected month.
sub appointments_for_graphic
 local (*DATES) = _USER_;
 local ($matches, _USER_, $loop, $day, $keywords);
select Day, Keywords from $database where
 (Month = $current_month) and
 (Year = $current_year)
RESULTS now contains the number of elements indicated by $matches. Each element contains the date for an appointment followed by the keyword list for that appointment, as requested by our select statement. We need to put all the appointments for a given day into one element of our associative array DATES, which we will return to the caller.
 ($day, $keywords) = split (/\0/, $RESULTS[$loop], 2);
 if ($DATES{$day}) {
 $DATES{$day} = join ("\0", $DATES{$day}, $keywords);
 } else {
 $DATES{$day} = $keywords;
When a day in DATES already lists an appointment, we concatenate the next appointment to it with the null string (\0) as separator. When we find an empty day, we do not need to add the null string.
 return ($matches);
Finally, a count of the total number of appointments for the month are returned.
The last major subroutine we will discuss parses the form data. It is very similar to the parse_form_data subroutines used up to this point.
sub parse_query_and_form_data
 local (*FORM_DATA) = _USER_;
 local ($request_method, $query_string, $path_info,
 $request_method = $ENV{'REQUEST_METHOD'};
 $path_info = $ENV{'PATH_INFO'};
 if ($request_method eq "GET") {
 $query_string = $ENV{'QUERY_STRING'};
 } elsif ($request_method eq "POST") {
 read (STDIN, $query_string, $ENV{'CONTENT_LENGTH'});
 if ($ENV{'QUERY_STRING'}) {
 $query_string = join ("&", $query_string, $ENV{'QUERY_STRING'});
If the request method is POST, the information from the input stream and the data in QUERY_STRING are appended to $query_string. We have to do this because our program accepts information in an unusually complex way; some user queries pass both query strings and input streams.
 } else {
 &return_error ("500", "Server Error",
 "Server uses unsupported method");
 if ($query_string =~ /^\d+,\d+$/) {
 $FORM_DATA{'clicked_point'} = $query_string;
 if ($path_info =~ m|^/(\d+/\d+)$|) {
 $FORM_DATA{'month'} = $1;
If the user clicks on the imagemap, the client sends a query string in the form of two integers ("x,y") to the CGI program. Here, we store the string right into $FORM_DATA{'clicked_point'}, where the get_imagemap_date routine can retrieve it. Previously, we set up our hypertext link so that the month name gets passed as extra path information (see the output_HTML subroutine), and here we store it in $FORM_DATA{'month'}. This value is checked for validity at the top of the program, just to make sure that there are no shell metacharacters.
 } else {
 if ($query_string =~ /draw_imagemap/) {
 $FORM_DATA{'draw_imagemap'} = 1;
The $FORM_DATA{'draw_imagemap'} variable is set if the query contains the string "draw_imagemap". The rest of the code below is common, and we have seen it many times.
 _USER_ = split (/&/, $query_string);
 foreach $key_value (_USER_) {
 $value =~ tr/+/ /;
 } else {
 $FORM_DATA{$key} = $value;
The following subroutine returns the number of days in the specified month. It takes leap years into effect.
sub get_last_day
 local ($month, $year) = _USER_;
 local ($last, _USER_);
 if ($month == 2) {
 if (!($year % 4) && ( ($year % 100) ||!($year % 400) ) ) {
 $last = 29;
 } else {
 $last = 28;
 } else {
 $last = $no_of_days[$month - 1];
 return ($last);
The get_first_day subroutine (algorithm by Malcolm Beattie <>) returns the day number for the first day of the specified month. For example, if Friday is the first day of the month, this subroutine will return 5. (The value is zero-based, starting with Sunday).
sub get_first_day
 local ($month, $year) = _USER_;
 local ($day, $first, _USER_);
 $day = 1;
 _USER_ = (0, 3, 2, 5, 0, 3, 5, 1, 4, 6, 2, 4);
 if ($month < 3) {
 $first = ($year + int ($year / 4) - int ($year / 100) +
 int ($year/400) + $day_constants [$month - 1] + $day) % 7;
 return ($first);
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29 July 2009
Survival at extreme temperatures: what is it good for?
JOHAN MERTENS, LYNDA BELADJAL, ANGELICA ALCANTARA, LIESJE FOUGNIES, DOMINIQUE VAN DER STRAETEN and JAMES S. CLEGG (2008). Survival of dried eukaryotes (anhydrobiotes) after exposure to very high temperatures Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 93, 15-22 pdf
Ever since Antonie van Leeuwenhoek demonstrated the appearance of animalcules* in cultures made with previously dry dust more than 300 years ago, biologists have been getting kicks out of pushing the limits of the survivability of dried animals and plant seeds. This is one of those studies the object of which seems to have been to demonstrate how high a temperature certain organisms can survive—regardless of whether or not the results had any biological significance.
Mertens et al. showed that the seeds or spores of various plants (Cardamine, Taraxacum, Adiantum, etc.), the cysts of the crustaceans Branchipus schaefferi (fairy shrimp) and Artemia franciscana (brine shrimp) as well as adult bdelloid rotifers and tardigrades survived exposures to temperatures as high as 130 °C for as long as 10 min.
The trick was to desiccate the seeds, spores and the animals first (for 3 days over silica gel) before heating them slowly at a rate of 4 °C per minute. However, the bdelloid Philodina did survive exposure to 120 °C even when it was heated rapidly (100 °C/min).
This is all very interesting, but what exactly do these results mean considering that these organisms are unlikely to experience such high temperatures in their habitats except perhaps during wild fires? The authors try hard to come up with a speculative scheme to explain how the ability to tolerate high temperatures could have arisen during the Devonian or earlier when the earth was supposedly a warmer place—but not that warm. But this doesn't explain how adaptations to survive temperature extremes unlikely to be encountered in the organisms' present or Devonian habitats arose to begin with.
Such extreme over-adaptations are likely to be the unintended byproducts of moderate over-adaptations to environmental stresses likely to be encountered occasionally. If desiccated rotifers and tardigrades or the seeds and spores of various plants are routinely exposed to temperatures around 40 °C, then those individuals that have evolved to incorporate a safety factor into their adaptation that makes them survive slightly higher temperatures, say 50 °C, will fare better in the long run when and if the habitat temperature happens to rise that high. It is likely that the mechanism that confers protection at 50 °C also protects at much higher temperatures that the animals will never experience as long as the cost of maintaining such a mechanism for occasional use is not too expensive.
*Leeuwenhoek's animalcules were probably bdelloid rotifers, see Tunnacliffe, A. and J. Lapinski. 2003. Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences 358:_PHONE_.
1 comment:
Harlan Ratcliff said...
Maybe it is just a result of the dessication. The only thing magic about 100 degrees C is that is the temperature that boils water. Without water, the high temperature must directly destroy the remaining chemicals in order to damage the organism.


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WELL Hosts Manual PART IX: LINKING TOPICS BETWEEN CONFERENCES
It is possible to "link" a topic from one conference to another. When this is done, the linked topic will appear in both conferences with exactly the same title and text, but with a different topic number in each conference. Users in either conference can respond to the topic, and all new responses will appear in the linked topic in both conferences. Topics can even be linked between several conferences. (As a Featured conference host, you can only link topics *into* your own conference. You cannot link topics from your conference out to conferences not hosted by you. Independent conferences do not support linking, though a Featured conference host may link an Independent topic into his or her conference with permission.)
9.1 Advantages & Disadvantages
Linking a topic presents a unique set of advantages and disadvantages to ordinary topics. The obvious advantage is that a topic which is germane to two or more conferences can appear in both or all. For example, some topics might well belong in both the Science Conference and our imaginary Mesozoic Life Conference. But some users may only frequent one of these conferences. Linking a topic between them makes the topic available to all users who visit either conference. A user who visits both conferences will see the linked topic in each conference until he/she "forgets" the topic in one or the other.
The disadvantages to linking topics are less obvious, but very important. First and foremost is the issue of a topic's compatibility between two conferences. Different conferences have different rules, expectations and userships. It's entirely possible (and, indeed, it has happened) that a topic whose subject matter appears to apply to two conferences is a poor choice for linking because the people in one conference expect the subject to be discussed in one context, and the people in the other conference expect it to be discussed in another context. Such links can lead, inadvertently, to misunderstandings between both the participants and hosts of the different conferences.
For example, the Mesozoic Life conference is full of serious discussion, scientific fact, and proven biological premise. The TV conference is a much more social atmosphere with discussions geared towards popular culture, the production aspects of broadcasting and general banter. Someone starts a topic in Mesozoic Life on National Geographic specials that the hosts then link into the tv conference. Suddenly you have a topic full of clashing dialogue between scientific fact and discussion of content, and lighthearted banter and a discussion of Barney. Though the subject applies to both conferences, the tone of each conference is significantly different and therefore makes for poor discussion on both sides.
For example, the Mesozoic Life conference is full of serious discussion, scientific fact, and proven So, careful forethought is advised for all hosts concerned before topics are linked between conferences.
9.2 Murphy's Linking Laws
Because of the potential for incompatibility between the approach of two different conferences to the same topic of discussion, it is imperative that the hosts and cohosts of the respective conferences communicate with each other and come to an agreement regarding their linking policies prior to making any links. The following rules of thumb by Dan Murphy are recommended as standard procedure for hosts wishing to link topics:
* When you link a topic from another conference, you must first obtain the permission of a host there. Cohosts in multi-host conferences should work out among themselves the protocol for how this decision is made, etc.
Hosts may waive this rule for any hosts/conferences they wish. If, for example, the hosts of the lawn conference want to give blanket permission to the hosts of the chair conference to link topics there, they may do so, allowing the hosts of chair to skip rule #1 if they see a topic they want to link. This permission may be withdrawn at any time, but until then, the hosts of lawn pretty much have to live with the results.
* If you kill a linked topic, you should leave a message in your conference administrivia or business topic to let users know this was done, as they may have forgotten the topic in another conference but wish to continue reading it there.
9.3 Technical Side-Effects of Linking
Once a topic is linked between two conferences, the ability to scribble responses in the topic is changed. Thereafter, only the original author of the post, and The WELL confteam staff can perform this action. Neither of the hosts will be able to scribble responses (other than their own). If it becomes necessary for the hosts to do so, they must contact The WELL conferencing team, who can do it for them. The hosts of both conferences should agree on the need to scribble in a linked topic before contacting the staff with such a request.
Linked topics are also immune to the host's use of the "retire" command.
The hosts in both conferences do retain, however, their abilities to kill the topic within their own conference. When a linked topic is killed in any conference, it lives on in the other conferences to which it was linked. (This little feature is a handy way for hosts to transfer topics from one conference to another: link it into the new conference then kill it in the old conference. This is also how the attic conference can store killed topics — they are linked there before killing in their place of origin.)
9.4 The Linkfrom Command (Featured Conferences Only)
Now that you know the ins and outs of linking, the actual command may be of interest. Let's say you are the host of the Mesozoic Life conference, and you want to link topic 234 of the Science conference into Mesozoic Life. You've determined who the hosts of the science conference are either by going there and typing display host, or by typing hosted science at any OK prompt, and emailed them to confirm that the link is fine. It's ok to link with permission from one host unless that host says to wait for a reply from their cohost(s) It's wise to inform all hosts of a cohosted conference since hosts may have divided up their duties or have different schedules for logging in. Here's the command (given from the OK prompt in the Mesozoic Life conference):
Both topics will then be marked as in their headers and browse lists, and you will be told the new topic numbers of the linked topic in your conference. PicoSpan will now make an automatic post logging the numbers of the topic and noting that you made the link.
That's all there is to it. Now your guests know something about how the conversation has been expanded. To see where any topic is linked, you can type linked followed by the conference name and topic number to see where a particular topic is linked. For example:
- type: linked science 234
9.5 Listing Linked Topics
This command will produce a list of conferences and topic numbers (without their corresponding titles) for each topic in that conference that is linked. For example, for the words conference, the output of linked words might look like this:
- science.404 words.1041
- archives.208 health.444 medroll.260 words.413
- cbooks.104 media.892 oldsoft.187 software.139 words.1008
- flying.142 words.794
- eff.546 words.902
- … etc.


text:
School Transformation Through Arts Integration
Wiley H. Bates Middle School, Annapolis, MD
For this installment of Schools That Work, we chose Wiley H. Bates Middle School, a public school in Annapolis, Maryland. The school became fully arts integrated in 2009, and since then they have seen significant improvements in both academics and behavior. We visited them to learn more about how they use arts integration and why it's been so effective for them.
What do Mars and modern dance have to do with each other? How do you connect fractions with Andy Warhol? At Wiley H. Bates Middle School, in Annapolis, Maryland, the answer is arts integration. Every teacher there is committed to weaving the arts and standard curricula together to create a richer and more lasting learning experience for their students.
Arts integration goes beyond including art projects in class; it is a teaching strategy that seamlessly merges arts standards with core curricula to build connections and provide engaging context. For example, in a science classroom you might see students choreographing a dance using locomotor and nonlocomotor movements to demonstrate their understanding of rotation versus revolution of the planets (PDF). In a math class, you might see students learning fractions by examining composition in Warhol's Campbell's soup paintings. (Read more…)
Edutopia's Schools That Work series profiles K-12 schools, districts, and programs that are dramatically improving the way students learn. Focusing on evidenced-based successes, we create how-to videos and actionable tip lists to help you transform your schools. We get close to the teachers, students, principals, and other administrators who have changed the future of their schools, and show you how they did it.
These educators also share their resources -- rubrics, lesson plans, assessments, and training tools that will help you build your own successes.
And one more thing: We connect you with teachers and administrators from around the country who are collaborating to make similar improvements in education.
Check out Schools That Work. Join the movement for change.


Seminario del Prof. Jérôme Dokic
«Narration, the self, and aestehtic immersion», Seminario que Jérôme Dokic (Institut Jean Nicod,EHESS-PSL) impartirá en la sede del Doctorado en Filosofía de la Universidad Nacional de San Martín (Edificio Volta, Av. Pres. Roque Sáenz Peña 832/844, Piso4) del lunes 27 al jueves 30 de noviembre de noviembre.
La actividad cuenta con el auspicio del Programa de Estudios en Filosofía del Arte del Centro de Investigaciones Filosóficas (UA CONICET).…/narration-the-self-a…/
Doctoral seminar
Narration, the self, and aesthetic immersion
Jérôme Dokic
(Institut Jean-Nicod, EHESS-PSL)
1) What is affective imagination?
The relationship between imagination and emotion is complex. Drawing from Peter Goldie's account of imaginings as "mental narratives", I suggest that affective imagination involves three distinct levels of epistemic and emotional perspectives, corresponding to the author (the imagining subject), the imagined character (if there is one) and what I call the "virtual narrator", who paints the imaginary world in a specific emotional light. I show how the present account of affective imagination can be used to shed light on the vexed notion of affective memory, which points to an emotional way of representing one's own past.
2) The sublime and the self
The sublime emerges in the history of philosophy as the object of an aesthetic experience contrasted with the aesthetic experience of the beautiful. In the light of recent psychological and neuroscientific studies, I suggest that the sublime gives rise to an aesthetic experience that, contrary to the experience of the beautiful, involves a diminished sense of the self. More precisely, sublimity experiences are immersive and blur the distinction between the self and the world. This claim has implications for a central question about the sublime, namely whether it is restricted to natural scenes or extends to artworks. I claim that in favourable conditions, art can elicit sublimity experiences.
3) Imaginative immersion I: pictures
What does it take to be imaginatively immersed in (static or dynamic) pictures? What is the relationship between imaginative immersion in pictures and Richard Wollheim's notion of seeing-in? I draw on previous work about so-called "noetic feelings" and sketch an account of imaginative immersion in terms of a belief-independent feeling of reality or presence. I contrast this account with various enactivist attempts to explain our special relationship with pictures by means of the notion of sensorimotor contingencies.
4) Imaginative immersion II: virtual reality and other devices
In this lecture, I take on the notion of imaginative immersion developed in the previous lectures and apply it to immersive devices used for either therapeutic or artistic purposes. I start with an account of sensory substitution devices based on the dualism between sensory content and the feeling of presence. I then turn to other immersive devices used by artists to provoke a specific type of experience. A taxonomy of immersive devices will eventually be offered.
Brady, Emily, The Sublime in Modern Philosophy: Aesthetics, Ethics, and Nature, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.
Currie, Gregory, Narrative and Narrators, Oxford: OUP, 2010.
Dokic J. (2016), "¿La experiencia estética como un sentimiento metacognitivo? Una visión de aspecto dual", Boletín de Estética, 35 (2016): 35-65.
Goldie, Peter, The Mess Inside: Narrative, Emotion, and the Mind, Oxford: OUP, 2012
Saint Girons, Baldine, Le Sublime de l'antiquité à nos jours, Paris: Éditions Desjonquères, 2005.
Schaeffer, Jean-Marie, Pourquoi la fiction ?, París, Seuil, 1999.
Van Gerwen, Rob (ed.), Richard Wollheim on the Art of Painting: Art as Representation and Expression, Cambridge University Press, 2001
Wollheim, Richard, "What makes representational painting truly visual?", Supplement to the Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 77:1 (2003): 131-147.
_____, Painting as an Art, London: Thames and Hudson, 1987.
_____, Art and its Objects, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2nd edn, 1980
_____, "Pictorial style: two views", in Berel Lang (ed.), The Concept of Style, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1979.
_____, On Art and the Mind, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1973
Monday 27 to Thursday 30 November, 2017
16-20 hs
Edificio Volta
Av. Pres. Roque Sáenz Peña 832/844
Seminar organized under the auspices of the Centro de Investigaciones Filosóficas (UA CONICET)
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text:
In China, the art of face reading has always been considered an indispensable tool to understanding the human psyche and the fates. Chinese Philosopher Gui Gu Tzu is widely acknowledged as the father of face reading and his book Xiang Bian Wei Mang is still in print today!
The Chinese art of face reading is complex technique that categorizes individual facial features according to color, shape, disfigurements and birthmarks on specific areas of the face. One of the methods used in face reading to determine times of your life where you will face obstacles and difficulties involves the demarcation of the plane of the face into different age periods.
In general, your ears and the top part of your face represent the early part of your life when you are in your pre-teens, teens and early twenties. As you live through your life, you progress down your face towards your eyebrows, nose, cheeks, lips and finally, your chin. The diagram here shows in more detail where your current age falls within your face.
Using the diagram here, determine which part of your face you are currently at. If your age is on the left side of your face, it is work and career matters that take up your time. If you are at the center part of your face, you are at a crossroad in your life.
Marks, discolorations, spots, creases and indentations indicate problems. And where they are found on your face gives you an idea at what age you will be facing such problems. Problem can be in the form of illness, bad relationships, money troubles and so forth. The bigger and the darker the mark on you face, the more serious the problem you will face.
If you have a birthmark on one of your ears, for examples, this indicates a difficult time during your childhood years. Marks on your nose indicate a tough time in your twenties. Discoloration at the end your nose point to troubles in your forties.
Generally, when your forehead is flawed, it means you will have a difficult relationship with your parents. (Or it could indicate you were a bit of a rebel when you were a troublesome teen!) When your forehead is small or bony, it indicates your parents were not well heeled and could not afford expensive schooling fees. If you have a broad forehead, it indicates easy and pampered growing up years. Markings, spots, scars and indentations in your face can change overtime, which denotes that your life fate is not fixed, but can change through the years. This could be the result of the trinity of luck working together, where good mankind and earth luck influences your heaven luck.
If you find you are at a difficult age period in your life, one way to deal with it is to grit your teeth and be even more determined to improve the other two third of your luck to compensate or the unlucky fates. Or get yourself a bottle of moisturizing cream and book yourself in for a facial to iron out the trouble spots on your features.


Charlie Brown: Authenticity and Honesty
Charlie Brown was born in 1950, at a time of cautious optimism about America's global role after World War II, and about the average guy's day-to-day prospects back in the states.
Charlie is often a self-doubting brooder who can't seem to get the little red-haired girl or kick the football. But his secret weapon is his unapologetic authenticity and honesty.
Correction May 15, 2008
In the broadcast version of this story, we state, "The Apollo 10 astronauts even named their command module 'Charlie Brown,' and the lunar rover 'Snoopy.' It may be telling that Charlie got to orbit the moon, but Snoopy landed there, while Charlie just circled in darkness." The modules were named "Charlie Brown" and "Snoopy," but neither landed on the moon. It's also incorrect to describe Snoopy as a "lunar rover." The correct term is "lunar module."
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text:
Each year thousands of Canadian students make the life-altering decision to drop out of high school, thereby not realizing the unlimited potential that exists inside. In most cases, this seemingly simple and personal decision puts our youth on a downward spiral that affects us all. Not allowing their full potential to be unleashed leads to lower wages, higher unemployment, a diminished tax base, higher rates of poverty, and greater dependency on social assistance.
There is an imbalance. Dropout rates in low-income communities are as high as 60-70 per cent, compared to the national average of 20-30 per cent.
Pathways to Education Canada is a charitable organization that helps youth in low-income communities graduate from high school and successfully transition into post-secondary education or training. Pathways removes systemic barriers to education by providing leadership, expertise and a community-based program proven to lower dropout rates. Founded in 2001, Pathways operates in eleven communities across Canada, with programs in Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Manitoba.
There is a strong need for this issue to be communicated across the country in order to raise awareness as well as donations from governments, corporations and individuals in order to grow the program and, in turn, make Canada a Graduation Nation.
The Pathways to Education program aims to reduce the high school dropout rate in low-income communities, help youth graduate and successfully transition into post-secondary education or training. We were tasked with raising the awareness of the program in order to drive participation, volunteers, partners and sponsors.
In order to help achieve the goals of Pathways to Education Canada, various communication tactics have been put into place. Primarily, we are continually pitching stories about Pathways 12 months of the year to both traditional and online media to ensure the multiple facets of the organization are engaged.
Citizen Optimum's key story telling happens around the success stories – the graduates, the new communities and the generous support received by federal and provincial governments and numerous corporate supporters.
By finding new and exciting ways to celebrate the organizations success, we have been able to raise its profile, garner a connection between Pathways and its supporters and well as the caring communities that participate.
Since the Pathways program started in Regent Park in 2001, the dropout rate has decreased by more than 70 per cent, with nearly 600 Pathways graduates now continuing on to post secondary studies or entering the workforce. Even more exciting are the thousands of students in the program today and on track to become yet another Pathways success story. As the profile continues to grow, Citizen Optimum's ongoing story telling program continues to deliver and exceed numbers in both the traditional media and online news and social channels..


Primates in Urban Settings
Publication Type:
Book Chapters
The International Encyclopedia of Primatology, Wiley and Sons Inc, p.1-8 (2017)
human–nonhuman primate relationships; population management; primate conservation; primate ecology
Nonhuman primates have coexisted with humans in urban habitats since historical times. While primate responses to human disturbances are variable and species-specific, certain populations have adapted ecologically, behaviorally, or physiologically and appear to thrive in urban landscapes, depending on the availability, quality, and quantity of resources available. The ecological changes that urban primates face have also led to various behavioral innovations, especially in habitat selection and dietary preferences, which enable these populations to survive and persist in urban environments. Certain biological consequences of urbanization, however, include biological stress, cross-species disease transmission, polyspecific associations and hybridization, and low population genetic variability. While urban human–nonhuman primate relationships are influenced by human cultural and individual attitudes, competition and conflict over resources is currently of great concern. Reactive and preventive management practices need to be introduced in order to reduce human–nonhuman primate conflict and ensure the conservation of the last remaining primate populations in urban spaces


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Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians
Established in 1980, this bipartisan federal commission was directed by Congress to review the facts and circumstances surrounding Executive Order 9066 and its impact on American citizens and permanent resident aliens as well as Alaskan natives in the Pribilof and Aleutian Islands. To arrive at its findings, the nine-member federally appointed body held hearings in major U.S. cities and heard testimonies from more than 750 witnesses. Its conclusions were submitted in 1983 as Personal Justice Denied, a unanimous report that formed the basis for the Civil Liberties Act of 1988 granting wartime survivors a public apology, individual reparations of $20,000, and a public education fund.
The notion of a federal commission to study the wartime exclusion began in the 1970s as a divisive issue in the Japanese American community. The Japanese American Citizens League led by activist Edison Uno began a call for reparations with a resolution introduced at its 1970 Chicago convention. As support for redress grew and the number of Japanese American legislators increased, the issue of whether to call for direct monetary payments or to establish a commission to explore the issue became the focus of national debate. Senator Daniel Inouye first proposed the idea of a commission at a meeting with JACL leaders and three fellow Japanese American members of Congress in January 1979. Members of the Seattle JACL chapter were strongly opposed, but the majority on the JACL's National Committee for Redress realized the commission's value as an educational and political tool. By August 1979, House and Senate bills were introduced by a bipartisan group of senators, led by Senators Inouye and Spark Matsunaga. In the meantime, a bill introduced by Congressman Mike Lowry calling for direct reparations payments and backed by those who opposed the commission course made its way through Congress but was quickly defeated. By mid 1980, the Senate and House overwhelmingly passed bills calling for the formation of the commission (with an amended Senate provision to investigate the Aleut Native Americans confined in southeastern Alaska at the urging of Republican Senator Ted Stevens of Alaska). The bill was signed into law by President Jimmy Carter in 1980.
The commission was charged with investigating the facts and circumstances surrounding Executive Order 9066 on American citizens and permanent resident aliens, to review the directives of U.S. military forces pertaining to the detention to include Aleut civilians and permanent resident aliens of the Aleutian and Pribilof Islands, and to recommend appropriate remedies.
Eleven hearings from July to December 1981 in ten cities, including Washington, D.C., Los Angeles, San Francisco, Seattle, Chicago, New York City and Cambridge, were held before a nine-member commission appointed by President Carter and members of the Senate and House. Chaired by Washington lawyer Joan Z. Bernstein, the commission included U.S. Commission on Civil Rights chair Dr. Arthur S. Flemming, former Supreme Court justice Arthur J. Goldberg, former Senators Edward W. Brooke and Hugh B. Mitchell, Reverend Robert F. Drinan, Father Ishmael Vincent Gromoff, and Judge William Marutani. California Congressman Daniel Lungren, who provided the sole opposition to monetary reparations, was vice-chair. Over the course of 20 days, more than 750 witnesses gave testimonies prepared with the help of the JACL and National Coalition for Redress and Reparations (NCRR), a grassroots organization founded as a result of the redress movement. Support was also given by the National Council for Japanese American Redress (NCJAR), an organization seeking redress through a class action suit. At the same time, commission staff led by Special Consul Angus Macbeth with the help of researcher Aiko Herzig-Yoshinaga conducted extensive primary research from the National Archives and other written material on the subject.
Specific Findings and Recommendations
In December 1982 the commission released a unanimous 467-page report titled Personal Justice Denied detailing the history and circumstances of the wartime treatment of people of Japanese ancestry and the people of the Aleutian Islands. It was found that the policy of exclusion, removal and detention was systematically conducted by the U.S. government despite the fact that no documented evidence of espionage or sabotage was shown, and there was no direct military necessity for detention. In fact, the broad historical causes were "race prejudice, war hysteria and a failure of political leadership." The commission report also cited enormous material and intangible losses that were incalculable, including lost education and job training, loss of family structure, and prolonged racial stigma.
The commission enumerated five recommendations directed toward wartime incarceration survivors: (1) that Congress pass a joint resolution offering a public apology; (2) that the President pardon those convicted of curfew violations and review other wartime convictions based on discrimination due to race or ethnicity; (3) that Congress direct agencies to review applications for restitution of positions, status or entitlements lost as a result of wartime events; (4) that Congress appropriate monies to establish a foundation to address the nation's need for redress, including a fund for educational and humanitarian purposes beyond individual reparations; and (5) that Congress establish a fund to provide redress of $20,000 to each of the remaining 60,000 surviving persons of Japanese ancestry incarcerated during the war.
As to the Aleuts evacuated from their homes as a result of the Japanese invasion of the two westernmost Aleutian Islands, the commission recommended that Congress establish a $5 million fund for direct payments of $5,000 to the surviving evacuated Aleuts.
The findings of the CWRIC not only led to the passage of the Civil Liberties Act of 1988, they provided the synergy behind the coram nobis cases of Fred Korematsu, Min Yasui, and Gordon Hirabayashi which resulted in their wartime convictions being overturned. Other efforts at redress were also buoyed by the commission's findings. Extensive media coverage and the publication of Personal Justice Denied provided invaluable educational lessons for the American public. Finally, it has been said that the impassioned testimonies of firsthand witnesses provided a much-needed "emotional catharsis" within the Japanese American community.
For More Information
Boehm, Randolph, ed. "Papers of the U.S. Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians, Part 1: Numerical File Archives." Frederick, MD: University Publications of America, Inc, 1984. _URL_ [Includes all of the documents used by the CWRIC in Personal Justice Denied.]
Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians. Personal Justice Denied: Report of the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians. Seattle: University of Washington Press and Washington D.C.: Civil Liberties Public Education Fund, 1997.
Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians. Personal Justice Denied: Report of the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians. National Parks Service. _URL_
Daniels, Roger, Sandra Taylor, and Harry Kitano, eds. Japanese Americans: From Relocation to Redress. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1988.
Hatamiya, Leslie T. Righting a Wrong: Japanese Americans and the Passage of the Civil Liberties Act of 1988. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1993.
Irons, Peter, ed. Justice Delayed: The Record of the Japanese Internment Cases. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1989.
Maki, Mitchell T., Harry H. L. Kitano, and S. Megan Berthold. Achieving the Impossible Dream: How Japanese Americans Obtained Redress. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1999.
National Archives and Records Administration. "Check the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians (CWRIC) for Public Hearings and Testimonies (Record Group 220)." _URL_ [Abstracts of witness testimonies and transcripts of public files.]
Tateishi, John. And Justice for All: An Oral History of the Japanese American Detention Camps. New York: Random House, 1984.
Yoshinaga-Herzig, Aiko and Marjorie Lee, eds. Speaking Out for Personal Justice: Site Summaries of Testimonies and Witnesses Registry from the U.S. Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians (CWRIC) Hearings 1981. Los Angeles: Civil Liberties Public Education Fund and UCLA Asian American Studies Center Press. 2011.
- ↑ Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians, Personal Justice Denied: Report of the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians (Seattle: University of Washington Press and Washington D.C.: Civil Liberties Public Education Fund, 1997), 455.
- ↑ Personal Justice Denied, 459.
- ↑ Peter Irons, ed., Justice Delayed: The Record of the Japanese Internment Cases (Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1989), 4.
- ↑ Leslie T. Hatamiya, Righting a Wrong: Japanese Americans and the Passage of the Civil Liberties Act of 1988 (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1993), 4.


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Embedding Change – Making It Stick And Creating A Culture
Embedding change – here are some ways to make sure the change in your organization is successful
- Give them the evidence Show people over and over that the change is real. Provide them with a steady stream of evidence to prove that the change has happened and is successful. Set out to deliver real results at regular intervals in your change process and then tell people about them – don't just wait for the big bang at the end. Get people involved and then get them to talk about their involvement. Make sure everyone hears the news.
- Financial reward When loyalty and the joy of the job are not enough to keep people, they may need some financial or other rewards. The promise of future reward may be enough to keep them engaged but make sure it isn't too far out to be enticing — usually reasonable reward needs to be within a twelve-month timeframe. This risk is that when the reward is gained, you may lose them. If you want them to stay, you may need to keep a rolling "golden handcuff " system
- Build change into formal systems and structures After a while, institutionalized things become so entrenched, people forget to resist and just do what is required, even if they do not agree with them. So you can make changes stick by building them into the formal fabric of the organization, for example, in standards and personal objectives.
- Give them a new challenge A challenge is a great motivator that can focus people on new and different things. Get people to keep up interest in a change by giving them new challenges related to the change. Make sure the challenges really stimulate them and keep them looking to the future.
- Reward people for doing the right things. A surprisingly common trap in change is to ask (or even demand) that people change, yet the reward system that is driving their behavior is not changed. Asking for teamwork then rewarding people as individuals is a very common example. So when you make a change, make sure that you align the reward system with the changes that you want to happen.
- Rites of passage Rituals are symbolic acts to which we attribute significant meaning. A celebration to mark a change is used in many cultures, ranging from rites of passage to manhood for aboriginal tribes to the wedding ceremonies of Christian and other religions. Such ritual passages are often remembered with great nostalgia, and even the remembrance of them becomes ritualized. When a change is completed, celebrate with a party or some other ritualized recognition of the passing of a key milestone. You can also start a change with a wake (which is a party that is held to celebrate the life of someone who has died) to symbolize letting go of the past. Create new rituals to help shift the culture to a new form. Use these, if possible, to replace the rituals that already exist.
- Socializing Build your change into the social fabric. A change that is socialized becomes normal and the 'way things are'. When something becomes a social norm, people will be far more unlikely to oppose it as to do so is to oppose the group and its leaders. Seal changes by building them into the social structures. Give social leaders prominent positions in the change. When they feel ownership for it, they will talk about it and sell it to others.
If you have other ideas for embedding change and making it successful, please share them here.
Wendy Smith is a career consultant, life coach and business coach with depth of experience in organisational development, management, coaching and personal development. That experience means she is equally at home helping clients find a new career direction, starting-up new businesses or dealing with life's more challenging personal issues. You can contact her at _EMAIL_
Wendy has written a little eBook on how to get on with your boss and a book on job search – you can find all her books on Amazon at this link


Christian F. Hempelmann, Victor Raskin, Katrina E. Triezenberg
Computational humor is a subdiscipline of computational linguistics with applications in human computer interfaces, edutainment, affective computing, intelligent agents, and other areas. Based on ontological semantics, we develop the resources and algorithms the computer needs to understand and produce humor, in principle and on a detailed example. Our ultimate output will not be that of a toy system that fills in templates, previously the only available approach, but rather true natural language generation, based on the computer approximation of the human understanding of the joke. This paper shows how ontological semantics provides for and computes the full computer understanding of humor, a sine qua non of humor generation.
Submitted: Feb 13, 2006


Wireless Charging Keeps Drones Hovering in the Sky
Article By : Maurizio Di Paolo Emilio
The demand for more efficient and flexible recharging solutions is constantly increasing, especially aiming at leading the next generation of robotic systems towards greater autonomy.
There are large companies with big plans to offer services based on drone fleets, and they are all eager to get beyond a significant operating challenge: the flight time of commercial drones is constrained by limited battery capacity. One way to address the issue is with more efficient and flexible recharging solutions. And that explains the keen interest in WiBotic, which designs and manufactures solutions for charging drone and robot batteries. The 4-year-old startup has secured $5.7 million in Series A funding.
Investors include Junson Capital, SV Tech Ventures, Rolling Bay Ventures, Aves Capital, The W Fund and WRF Capital, among others.
WiBotic offers wireless charging and power optimization solutions for the aerial, mobile, marine, and industrial robot market. Its Adaptive Matching technology offers a new method for inductive power transfer that the company says provides the power levels needed for drones and other flying devices.
Such optimization solutions provide detailed monitoring of battery charge parameters through software libraries. Combined with the strategic deployment of wireless charging hardware, these software features are designed to optimize the uptime of drones.
WiBotic wireless charging solutions also handle recharge scheduling; they are designed to clear the way for multiple robots to charge from the same transmitter at different times.
Wireless power transfer (WPT)
The use of electromagnetic fields as a source of electricity dates back to the late nineteenth century when Nikola Tesla first demonstrated the transmission of electricity without wires. The wireless methodology is well known, but the design of transmitters, their location, maximizing efficiency, and the need for a validated behavior of the entire system represent a complex challenge that requires specific skills and the use of advanced tools such as numerical simulation. The methods used by the most common WPT systems are inductive coupling or MRI, each of which has strengths and weaknesses.
The most common of the methods is the inductive one — as typically found in consumer devices. Unfortunately, they are only efficient when the antennas are extremely close together. Robots and drones cannot position themselves precisely enough to make sure that the inductive systems provide a reliable charge.
Magnetic resonance technology is the latest technology that offers much more flexibility in positioning. However, typical resonance systems have a special area where maximum efficiency can be exploited. If the robot stops briefly or is off-center, however, efficiency is reduced, and charging times increase.
WiBotic technology is based on the strengths of both inductive and resonant systems as it incorporates the best of both. "Our patented Adaptive Matching system constantly monitors relative antenna position and dynamically adjusts both hardware and firmware parameters to maintain maximum efficiency — delivering reliable charging, at high power levels, and across several centimeters of vertical, horizontal and angular offset," said Ben Waters, WiBotic's CEO.
Figure 1: Efficiency of various technology. Click the image to enlarge. (Source: Wibotic)
Figure 1: Efficiency of various technology. (Source: Wibotic)
Software algorithm
Knowing when to recharge the drone when the battery is low is an important feature to assess downtime. Different robots will have different types of battery chemistry, voltages, and current. WiBotic's energy optimization software is able to evaluate the robots coming in for a charge and determine the best way to charge them.
The Wibotic firmware allows robot operators to monitor and set the desired charging parameters. The onboard brain allows the drone to directly access the onboard charger to perform the same functions. The architecture of the structured wireless charging network allows robots to stay charged, minimizing downtime, and reducing the overall cost of robot fleets.
"A lot of our innovation for robotics comes on the output of the RF amplifier on the transmitter, and then on the receiver side, the input to the rectifier, that's where we are able to dynamically tune our systems impedance to make sure that we are maximizing our power transfer by keeping the source and load impedances on both sides of the air-core transformer matched. We're dynamically tuning and sensing things very quickly in real-time to accommodate movements or disruptions or changes as they happen in the system," said Waters.
Wibotic system architecture
The wireless charging station for drones is a square platform (3 feet by 3 feet for the standard pad) consisting of an "intelligent" induction plate that, during the landing of the drone, determines the type of batteries supplied to the aircraft, thus establishing the correct charging parameters.
All WiBotic wireless charging systems consist of four primary hardware components: transmitter unit, transmitter antenna coil, on-board charging unit, receive antenna coil.
Figure 2: block diagram of Wibotic architecture. Click the image to enlarge. (Source: Wibotic)
Figure 2: block diagram of Wibotic architecture. (Source: Wibotic)
The transmitting unit generates a high-frequency wireless power signal through the AC source. The signal travels through an SMA coaxial cable to the transmitting antenna coil, where it generates both electric and magnetic fields. The coil can be mounted in any orientation according to the drone's runway.
The transmitter unit recognizes any incoming robot equipped with an on-board charging unit and receiver antenna coil and is automatically activated to provide the right amount of energy. The collection coil feeds energy to the onboard charger circuit. The on-board charger converts the signal back to DC voltage and controls the battery charging functions to safely charge a wide range of batteries.
"The processor that we use is an ARM-based STM32 microcontroller. We use a complex state machine along with dynamic control algorithms running locally on the processor. Together, these determine how outputs should be changed in response to incoming signals. If you're sending several hundred watts of power and you change the wrong parameter, you might very easily disrupt the system instead of benefit the system. So being able to determine what to do to react to changing conditions in real-time is a big part of our system. And when you need to do things quickly and you don't have a huge amount of compute capability, it needs to be fairly well optimized in both software and hardware. Utilizing a GaN technology semiconductor in our RF amplifier was integral to optimizing how the hardware performs," said Alex Huttunen, lead software engineer for the company.
GaN technology offers the wireless autonomous charging that these conditions require by operating at a high switching frequency with maximum efficiency. In collaboration with GaN Systems Inc., WiBotic integrates GaN devices to provide the power levels and antenna range requirements that both drones and robots require. In addition, the Vicor 48V VI Chip PRM Regulator PRM powers the transmitter on board the WiBotic TR-110 wireless charging station, which wirelessly powers the robot/drone on-board receiver. The PRM accepts 48V from an AC-DC power supply and the output voltage is adaptively controlled and cut off from about 20 – 55V.
Figure 3: robot with wireless charging. Click the image to enlarge. (Source: Wibotic)
Figure 3: A robot with wireless charging. (Source: Wibotic)
"We're primarily focused on robotics, automation, and industrial devices. But, we're very excited about wireless charging growing in many industries; its adoption is increasing in mobile phones and expanding to many other industries as well, said Matt Carlson, WiBotic's VP of Business Development. He continued "we're developing more algorithms that would align with AI and machine learning-based on historical trends and applying them towards the future performance of an analysis, specifically around battery charging."
With the wireless drone recharging system, the entire recharging process can be monitored and controlled remotely using cloud-based software, APIs, and tools to ensure that drones reload as quickly as possible when needed or more slowly when flight planning is not massive.
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Reaching Others University at Buffalo - The State University of New York
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Study Finds that Curiosity Is Key to Personal Growth in Many Spheres, Including Intimate Relationships
Release Date: December 16, 2002
BUFFALO, N.Y. -- It might have killed the cat but a new study by psychologists at the University at Buffalo suggests that curiosity is very good for people.
Their study concludes that the degree to which people are curious actively influences their personal growth opportunities and the level of intimacy that develops when they meet someone new.
The study was conducted by Todd D. Kashdan and Paul Rose, both doctoral students in clinical and social psychology at UB, and Frank Fincham, SUNY Distinguished Professor in the UB Department of Psychology and a highly published author in the study of interpersonal functioning and relationships.
It was reported in August to the Positive Psychology Summer Institute in Wilmington, Delaware, and to the 2001 Annual Positive Psychology Summit, Washington, D.C. Two related manuscripts currently are under review for publication in professional journals.
It is the first study to examine how curiosity affects the genesis of intimacy, and tests a new theory about how curiosity influences the growth of personal and interpersonal resources. The study also is the first to employ two new personality inventories developed by the research team to measure the levels of individual's "trait" and "state" curiosity.
It found that highly curious individuals tend to experience more positive interpersonal outcomes than the less curious in different social contexts as a function of the way they process rewarding or "appetitive" stimuli during the relationship process.
"These results," said Kashdan, "may be important to studies of intrinsic motivation in the classroom and workplace, the role of curiosity in continuing education on personal growth, investigations into whether self-motivating activities mitigate risk factors for distress, and whether engaging curiosity in public communications will make messages more effective."
The research is related to the field of "positive psychology," Kashdan's specialty. Rather than focusing on pathological behavior such as the way conflicts arise, positive psychology attempts to understand how people cultivate positive subjective experiences, optimal functioning, personal strengths and positive institutions.
For the purposes of the study, curiosity was conceptualized as a positive emotional-motivational system associated with the recognition, pursuit and self-regulation of novel and challenging experiences.
"Both the state and trait of curiosity promotes exposure to novel and challenging opportunities," says Kashdan, "which, in turn, are precursors to learning and personal growth, the development of intimacy and perhaps greater satisfaction and success in the interpersonal domain.
"One of the hypotheses in this study," he says, "is that the subjects' individual differences in trait and state curiosity would predict whether and how interpersonal closeness develops between strangers."
Ninety volunteer subjects -- 45 males and 45 females, all UB students -- completed two Curiosity Exploration Inventories (CEIs) developed by the researchers.
The first inventory was completed before the experiment began, and measured each subject's a) general tendency to actively seek novel and challenging information and experiences, and b) propensity to enter a state of "flow" -- that is, to become deeply absorbed in activities. Kashdan says these measures indicate the extent to which each subject possessed the trait of curiosity.
The second inventory was completed by the subjects before and after they participated in the experiment. It measured each subject's immediate (and perhaps momentary) desire to seek new things and actively engage in the task at hand, an index of the subject's state of curiosity before and during the task.
(Those interested in taking the inventories themselves and/or reading the original research can find them at
Subjects were assigned randomly to a male-female couple. The 45 couples then were selected randomly to be introduced into one of two experimental situations: one designed to generate interpersonal closeness or intimacy between the partners, and one set up to mimic a casual, small-talk situation.
The couples in the intimacy-provoking situation spent 45 minutes taking turns asking and answering, in a predetermined order, a set of questions provided for them, each question more probing than the last. The conditions were designed to elicit more and more personal and emotional self-disclosures. Questions included:
__For what in your life do you feel most grateful?
The couples assigned to the "small talk" situation were also given a set of questions and took turns asking and answering them. "Small talk" questions included:
__When was the last time you walked for more than an hour? Describe where you went and what you saw.
__ What is the best TV show you've seen in the past month that your partner hasn't seen? Tell your partner about it.
__ Where did you go to high school? What was your high school like?
When the interactions ended, all subjects completed a series of self-reporting measures that assessed how close they felt to their partners.
Each subject also completed a series of measures that assessed the degree of attention he paid to his partner, the level of conversational involvement demonstrated and the degree to which each subject injected novel or playful subject matter into the conversations.
Says Kashdan, "We found an interaction between trait curiosity and the experimental condition. Low-curiosity subjects experienced greater closeness in the intimacy-producing situation than in the small-talk condition. High-curiosity individuals, however, experienced high levels of closeness in both social contexts."
The specific results were as follows:
__Subjects with high CEI scores directed more attention to their relational partners, capitalized on positive features of their personal interactions, self-generated interest and fun by being playful, were responsive to their partners' interests, contributed novel ideas and topics to the conversation.
__ In both experimental situations, subjects with high CEI scores reported feeling significantly closer to their partners, and their partners reported feeling significantly closer to them, than did subjects with low CEI scores and their respective interaction partners.
__On average, regardless of the experimental situation to which they were assigned, subjects with high CEI scores and their partners reported feelings of closeness equal to or above the midpoint (3.5) of a seven-point Likert attitude scale.
__Subjects with low curiosity scores scored well below the scale's midpoint in the small-talk condition. They had relatively higher scores under intimacy conditions, but those scores were still lower than those reported by high-curiosity subjects.
__Considering that their interaction was only 45-minutes long, the extent of closeness generated between high-curiosity individuals and their partners was surprising. They all reported feelings of closeness above the conceptual midpoint even when comparing their feelings to other relationships in their life.
__During the potentially boring small-talk encounters, those with high CEI scores, reported using "approach" behaviors like wit and questioning their partners to liven up conversations, transforming them into more interesting encounters.
"In our study," says Kashdan, "individuals with high levels of curiosity exhibited approach and pleasure-seeking behaviors irrespective of their social context. This increased the likelihood of positive interpersonal outcomes such as shared feelings of intimacy between strangers."
Kasdan says, "This means curiosity is an important construct that appears to have relevance not only to education and learning, but to the development of intimacy and, perhaps, greater satisfaction and success in the interpersonal domain."
He said studies of curiosity could add a new and important dimension to research into creativity, humor, aesthetic appreciation and interpersonal relationships conducted in the fields of clinical, educational and industrial psychology.
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Patricia Donovan
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Ramsey Muniz Uncategorized
A Grito for the Living Present by Ramsey Muniz
El Grito de Diez y Seis de Septiembre
Once again we celebrate the ultimate importance of this day in our history as a race. We are celebrating the truth of our ancestors who has made it possible for us to express to this world who we truly are and the reasons why freedom and justice continue to be a part of our lives.
It is written and told that Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, during the early morning of September 16, rang church bells and called on our indigenous ancestors of Dolores to rise from oppression, darkness, hunger, and injustice to proclaim to the world the independence of their nation. Sacred destinies from past writings constantly reveal that we as Mexicans, Hispanics, and Latinos would continue to rise until freedom and justice would become a part of our daily lives.
Within a period of months, Hidalgo's people had swelled to 100,000 strong – the largest army raised since the Aztecs (Mexicas), our ancient ancestors who made possible this uprising with hoes, machetes, clubs, outrage, faith, and a most spiritual desire for liberation that no one in the world would take again. In reality it is called the love of liberation.
It is historically written in ancient writings that we as a people and race would continue to rise and take back our God-given freedom and justice. On October 12, shortly after September 16, the battle was joined at Las Cruces, against the strong forces of the Spanish government. The entire world became aware that our people had risen from the ashes of injustice, slavery, oppression, and imprisonment, demanding the return of their land. Hidalgo, announcing for seven months the time to rise, was captured in Chihuaua. He was shot and decapitated by the Spanish government.
Here I remain confined in oppressive prisons maintaining the honor, valor, and courage to share that our history has just begun. Throughout the Southwest we seek political and spiritual power like never before. We witness the confinement and oppression of our sisters and brothers, concluding, as written in our ancient writings, that we would return to our promised land and share "El Grito de Dolores" from our hearts.
It is written that as we seek freedom and justice, the power of our spirituality will be present unlike before in the 21st century. This spiritual power is the rebirth of our search for God-given human rights and land.
Know who you are and what people before you died for. Always remember that our history is far from becoming a thing of the past. It is more alive, more contentious, and demanding than ever. A famous late Hispanic professor once stated, "A living present time cannot exist if the past is dead. Our history is the past, and very much alive in the present."
In exile,
Ramsey Muniz – Tezcatlipoca
By mopress
Writer, Editor, Educator, Lifelong Student
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Skuid and Apex
Apex is a strongly typed, object-oriented program language that enables end users to invoke business logic while taking advantage of Salesforce's multi-tenant, cloud-based technology. It's a Java-like language that allows you to streamline certain processes. Skuid highly recommends familiarizing yourself with Apex to discover how it can make managing your data easier.
Because of Apex's strengths, you should consider its use even before designing your Skuid pages. If you are planning for some action to occur each time a SalesForce object is updated—across pages—Apex is a suitable choice for more advanced needs. While Skuid allows you a degree of automation, particularly through the Action Framework, this automation should be used strictly to enhance user experience and not to automate data manipulation. Instead, incorporate that automated data manipulation as part of your Salesforce data model through Apex so you won't need to duplicate your Skuid efforts across multiple pages.
Once you have written some Apex, using it in tandem with Skuid is a powerful way to enhance your user experience. And depending on the needs of the org, there are several ways to utilize Apex within a Skuid implementation.
These processes assume basic knowledge of the following: