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Aromatase inhibitor (AI)-associated arthralgia limits adherence to therapy in breast cancer. The pathophysiology may involve vitamin D status. We wished to establish the optimal concentration of 25(OH)D that prevents or minimizes arthralgia. We used a prospective cohort of 290 women starting AI in whom baseline vitamin D was measured. All received daily vitamin D(3) (800 IU) with calcium. Women with baseline 25(OH)D concentration <30 ng/ml also received 16,000 IU of D(3) orally every 2 weeks. The primary outcome was incident or worsening joint pain derived from baseline and 3-month visual analogic scale (VAS) for joint pain. Regression models were used to analyse the association between vitamin D concentrations at 3 months and pain adjusting for age, BMI, season when the sample was drawn, aromatase inhibitor (exemestane vs. letrozole/anastrozole), prior tamoxifen therapy, baseline NTX, and previous fracture. 90% of women had a 25(OH)D <30 ng/ml at baseline. After supplementation (daily 800 IU and additional 16,000 IU every 2 weeks), 50% of them still failed to reach adequate concentrations at 3 months. In the whole cohort, there was an increase in joint pain (mean 1.16 points SD 2.66; P < 0.001) and the increase was significantly (P = 0.02) attenuated in those that reached concentrations of 25(OH)D of ≥40 ng/ml, with a lower risk of incident arthralgia (OR 0.12 ** [0.03 to 0.40]). A target concentration of 40 ng/ml 25OHD may prevent development of AI arthralgia but higher loading doses are required to attain this level in women with deficiency at baseline.
Original publication
Journal article
Breast Cancer Res Treat
Publication Date
869 - 878
Aged, Aromatase Inhibitors, Arthralgia, Bone Density, Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Models, Statistical, Prospective Studies, Spine, Treatment Outcome, Vitamin D


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Going Live with a Grails-Powered Blog : Page 5
Packaging and Deploying the Blog Application
You now have a blog application that will allow you to create blog posts, receive comments from the readers, publish the details of the posts via RSS, and manage the posts through tagging. It is time to think about deploying it! For this, you need to install Tomcat and MySQL. You will have to package the application as a WAR and tell it which database to access.
The grails war script will package the application as a WAR. Go to the command line and run this script. It should create a war file called groovypublish-0.1.war. The version number comes from the application.properties file. To generate a WAR without the extension, simply specify the name you would like to call the file after the script command:
grails war groovypublish.war
Pick Your Grails Environments
Grails has a built in notion of environments. The default environments it understands are development, test, and production. A Grails application will always run within the context of a particular environment. The default when running grails run-app is the development environment. The default when running grails war is the production environment. It is possible to change these defaults by specifying the environment before the script to run. The following script:
grails prod run-app
Will run the application in production mode, while this script:
grails dev war
will run the application in development mode. You can also create your own environments and run Grails under them using the grails.env system property. This script:
grails –Dgrails.env=uat run-app
Would run the grails application in UAT mode.
So what do all these environments mean? The biggest affect they have is on the way the application connects to the database. Take a look at DataSource.groovy in the conf directory. If you haven't modified this already, it will look something like Listing 11.
The dataSource setup at the top of the DataSource.groovy file is the common data source configuration for all environments. You can see that the other "environmental" data sources specify only the dbCreate and url properties. The dbCreate property is the only one here that is specific to Grails rather than a JDBC data source. It offers three database modes:
 - create-drop: this drops and recreates the database when the application is started.
 - create: this creates the database if it does not exist, and deletes the existing data if a database does exist.
 - update: this creates the database if it does not exist and modifies the structure of it if it does exist.
The only option that does not delete all the data in the database is update. Make sure you use this when you deploy the application. Notice that the production environment comes in update mode by default.
In the example above, Grails was run in UAT mode by using the grails.env system property. If you wanted to set up a database for this environment, you could add the following to the DataSource.groovy file:
uat {
 dataSource {
 dbCreate = "update"
 url = "jdbc:hsqldb:mem:uatDb"
The Hibernate properties specified in this script can also be environmentally aware. If you wanted to enable SQL logging in development only, then you could add the following:
development {
 dataSource {
 url = "jdbc:hsqldb:mem:devDB"
 hibernate {
Using a Real Database
Install MySQL and create a database like so:
CREATE database groovypublish;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON groovypublish.* TO 'groovypublish'@'localhost'
This will give you a database called groovypublish with a user called groovypublish and a password of groovypublish. When configuring the Tomcat instance, you should set up the data source in JNDI. This allows the container to manage the database connection rather than having to specify these details in the application. Create a JNDI data source called groovyPublish/dataSource and configure the Grails application to use this data source when running in production mode by updating the DataSource.groovy script:
production {
 dataSource {
 dbCreate = "update"
 jndiName = "java:comp/env/groovyPublish/dataSource"
If you now repackage the application and drop the WAR into Tomcat, you should be able to access the application through Tomcat directly.
Controlling BootStrap
One last change needs to be made to the BootStrap script, which is to allow it to run only in development. Otherwise, it will run every time you try to start Tomcat. You can simply wrap the bootstrap code with this:
if(grails.util.GrailsUtil.environment == "development") {
Tapping the Power of Groovy and Grails
You have now created and deployed a blog application. You obviously can make further improvements to the application, but you can see just how powerful Grails is and how easy it is to build applications using Groovy and Grails. The code used for these articles has formed the basis of an open source project that I intend to continue. To see how it progresses, or to get involved, contact me or take a look at the site.
Jon Dickinson is the principal consultant at Accolade Consulting. He focuses on helping organizations improve the software they deliver through agile development techniques.
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HOSP 100 HOSP100 Week 5 Quiz with Answers (American Military University)
 - $14.99
 1. ARAMARK, and other companies, often provide other services in addition to food service.
 2. The statement which best describes the difference between a guest and a client is:
 3. In college and university food service
 4. Retirement housing communities
 5. The method of delivering food service that makes food available where full food service operators are not economically feasible is called:
 6. Define on-site food service.
 7. While consumerists have a say in health and nutrition, the bottom line is the consumer, and what the consumer wants is what the restaurant will serve.
 8. In general, the food service industry has responded to key consumer problems
 9. The best way to think of consumerism is as
 10. Solid waste has gained attention from restaurant operators principally because of
 11. Computerization in food service operations in the near future will
 12. The real issue in the future of restaurant equipment and automation is
 13. The three ideal solutions to deal with the waste stream are
 14. A limited service hotel
 15. The highest percentage (57%) of travelers are
 16. Hotel segmenting means that
 17. Which of the following best describes the impact of technology on lodging?
 18. What are the two kinds of business travelers?
 19. The major source of profit in hotels is, in most cases, from
 20. Yield management as used by hotels
 21. The occupancy rate is:
 22. The food and beverage area contributes more to the profitability of a hotel than any other department.
 23. The size and type of hotel determines, to a great extent, its organization. The following statement related to the size of hotel organizations is generally correct:
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text:
- In meteorology, the mixing of environmental air into a preexisting organized air current so that the environmental air becomes part of the current; the opposite of detrainment.
Entrainment of air into clouds, especially cumulus, is said to be inhomogeneous when the timescale for mixing of environmental air is very much greater than the timescale for drop evaporation. Under these conditions, which are often found when environmental air is first entrained into cumulus, regions of cloud and entrained air are intertwined, with evaporation occurring only on the edges of the interface between the cloudy and entrained environmental air.
Copyright 2022 American Meteorological Society (AMS). For permission to reuse any portion of this work, please contact _EMAIL_. Any use of material in this work that is determined to be "fair use" under Section 107 of the U.S. Copyright Act (17 U.S. Code § 107) or that satisfies the conditions specified in Section 108 of the U.S.Copyright Act (17 USC § 108) does not require AMS's permission. Republication, systematic reproduction, posting in electronic form, such as on a website or in a searchable database, or other uses of this material, except as exempted by the above statement, require written permission or a license from AMS. Additional details are provided in the AMS Copyright Policy statement.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Oswaal ICSE Question Banks Class 9 Physics (Reduced Syllabus) (For 2021 Exam) by Panel Of Experts
It is rightly said that "Change is the only constant." In the past few months, the world has changed drastically and adapting to these changes is vital for our progress. These are unprecedented times which have called for unprecedented measures. School is being conducted online and classrooms have shifted to computer screens.
To ensure that real learning doesn't stop even in this age of virtual classrooms; Oswaal Books has updated all its products for 2021 examinations. We have upgraded our books to supplement students' need for extensive practice and in-depth understanding of their subjects. Our Question Banks have been redesigned keeping in mind the new & reduced syllabus and new challenges that the students are facing today.
All chapters in Oswaal Question Banks are arranged 'TOPICWISE' where each topic is explained in detail and covers all typologies of Questions specified by CISCE for ICSE examinations. These books also include well-labeled and high-quality figures/diagrams for faster learning. Another unique character of this book is that it ensures in-depth study and not merely superficial learning of ICSE topics. The remarkable feature is the inclusion of Answering Tips and Examiner's Comments at the end of every question, which will empower the students to comprehend their mistakes and rectify them.
Audience of the Book :
This book Useful for Class-9 Students.
Key Feature :
Some of the key benefits of studying from Oswaal Solved Papers are :
1. Strictly based on the Reduced CISCE Curriculum issued for Academic Year 2020-2021
2. Previous Years' Board Questions for in depth study
3. Answering Tips and Commonly Made Errors
4. Answers strictly as per the ICSE Marking Scheme
5. All Typology of Questions included for exam-oriented study
6. Revision Notes for comprehensive study
7. Mind Maps' in each chapter for making learning simple.
Table of Content:
1. Measurements and Experimentation
2. Motion in one Dimension
3. Laws of Motion
5. Heat and Energy
8. Electricity and Magnetism


Wood Burning Or Multifuel?
Being clear about what each term means is therefore invaluable and will help you to come to a final purchasing decision more easily. Many of Alpine stoves for example the 250 cast iron stove, are made to be either log burning or multifuel burners, it is necessary to be clear on which would best for your individual heating needs.
What is a multifuel stove?
A multi-fuel wood burning stove is designed to burn a range of fuels:
 - Wooden logs
 - Smokeless fuel
This is possible by the central riddling grate and ash pan, or a raised grate that has bars which allows the stove to efficiently burn many types of materials. Unlike wood burning stoves, the fuel bed needs to be de-ashed to help create and manage for the best combustion and the best burning as well. The design of Alpines multifuel stoves includes an ash pan underneath the grate to both collect and enable the safe removal of the ashes that are created during burning times.
Innovations in Alpines stoves design have helped with this burning process and make a quicker, easier and cleaner air wash process. It is worth noting also the improvement that an air inlet makes to efficient combustion as it introduces air from underneath the grate.
What is a wood burning stove?
A wood burning stove runs far more effectively when the fuel is allowed to sit on a bed of ashes. For this reason you will note that a wood stove usually has a fixed grate with a flat base. This ensures that the ashes created when logs are burning are collected in the base of the firebox to allow fresh logs to be placed on top: this greatly assists the combustion process.


Beefy Boxes and Bandwidth Generously Provided by pair Networks Joe
The stupid question is the question not asked
by faq_monk (Initiate)
on Oct 08, 1999 at 00:25 UTC ( #657=perlfaq nodetype: print w/ replies, xml ) Need Help??
Current Perl documentation can be found at
Either you don't have more than one line in the string you're looking at (probably), or else you aren't using the correct modifier(s) on your pattern (possibly).
There are many ways to get multiline data into a string. If you want it to happen automatically while reading input, you'll want to set $/ (probably to '' for paragraphs or undef for the whole file) to allow you to read more than one line at a time.
Read the perlre manpage to help you decide which of /s and /m (or both) you might want to use: /s allows dot to include newline, and /m allows caret and dollar to match next to a newline, not just at the end of the string. You do need to make sure that you've actually got a multiline string in there.
For example, this program detects duplicate words, even when they span line breaks (but not paragraph ones). For this example, we don't need /s because we aren't using dot in a regular expression that we want to cross line boundaries. Neither do we need /m because we aren't wanting caret or dollar to match at any point inside the record next to newlines. But it's imperative that $/ be set to something other than the default, or else we won't actually ever have a multiline record read in.
 while ( <> ) {
 while ( /([w'-]+)(s+1)+/gi ) { # word starts alpha
 print "Duplicate $1 at paragraph $.
Here's code that finds sentences that begin with ''From '' (which would be mangled by many mailers):
 while ( <> ) {
 print "leading from in paragraph $.
Here's code that finds everything between START and END in a paragraph:
 while ( <> ) {
 while ( /START(.*?)END/sm ) { # /s makes. cross line boundaries
 print "$1
Log In?
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text:
Robert E. MacMaster was a prominent historian of Russian History and Literature. His major work, "Danilevsky: A Russian Totalitarian
Philosopher," is the only full-scale biography on the controversial, yet very significant Russian philosopher of the 19th
century. The collection contains research materials used by Dr. Robert E. MacMaster including extensive notes, research materials,
personal notes and personal letters.
Robert E. MacMaster (_PHONE_) was a prominent historian of Russian History and Literature at Massachusetts Institute of
Technology and served as Chair of the History section from _PHONE_. He was educated at Harvard Graduate School where he
studied the classics of Russian and Germanic literature. Professor MacMaster authored the definitive work on Nikolay Yakovlevich
Danilevsky entitled, "Danilevsky: A Russian Totalitarian Philosopher," (1967). This collection includes research notes on
Tolstoy,Fyodor Dostoevsky and Nikolay Yakovlevich Danilevsky among other Russian thinkers.
Scholarly use within parameters of copyright law.
Supervised use only.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Trauma of Omission– the lack of or absence of what was needed. Generally, trauma is thought of as an act of commission, but it exists in the form of profound absence. Many sex addicts have significant issues of childhood neglect or abandonment.
- Neglect– simply put, the person, frequently a child, does not have their needs attended to adequately. They may experience physical neglect, such as an absence of food or shelter, but more often takes the form of emotional/relational neglect. The child is given only a portion of the attention they need while being ignored at other times. Often times, a parent is unwilling or unable, to give the child the kind of support and nurturing they require. If we used the example of food in place of relational/emotional needs, these individuals would have been the equivalent of malnourished children.
- Abandonment– a significant individual or caregiver is suddenly unavailable, or, perhaps, has never been there. This can include the sudden absence of those we depend upon and are attached to. It may also be the unrealized desire to attach to a individual (perhaps a parent) that causes a significant emotional disruption. One type of abandonment would involve a person pulling away from or leaving another by choice. This is classic abandonment. It is the child whose mother goes away to live in substance abuse, or to be with another man and start a new family. However, abandonment is often more confusing than this. Imagine the parent who never leaves because they were never really there. The child grows-up with a parent who is there sometimes and at other moments abandons the youth. It is a kind of cruel, teasing dance, keeping the child in a state of hope they might get what they need "this time."
*Most sexual addicts excel in continually ensuring they will be abandoned or neglected as adults. They expertly, though, not consciously, seek out or create relationships in which abandonment and neglect will occur.
Trauma of Commission– Direct actions or events which significantly impact an individual's understanding of themselves and their environment. This would include physical, sexual, and emotional abuse.
- Anxiety And Trauma: PTSD
- Addictive Cycles 101: The Basics Part 1
- Trauma & Sexual Addiction: Why Does Trauma Matter?
- What do I do about my trauma?- Common Mistakes People Make
- Anxiety In Men: Common Warning Signs
- 10 Practical Ways To Deal With Anxiety
- Online Anxiety Therapy
- Category > Anxiety Counseling
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Teacher Notes
Gene Pool and Natural Selection
Super Value Laboratory Kit
Materials Included In Kit
Gene Pool and Natural Selection Worksheet
Pop beads, red, 900
Pop beads, white, 600
Styrofoam® cups, 15
Additional Materials Required
(for each lab group)
Safety Precautions
Do not use pop beads with small children as they can inhale or ingest them. Follow all other normal laboratory safety rules.
All materials may be stored for future use.
Teacher Tips
 - Enough materials are provided in this kit for 30 students working in pairs, or for 15 groups of students. All materials are reusable. The laboratory can be completed in one 50-minute class period. If some beads get lost, use what are available and adjust the results and calculations.
 - Basic genetic concepts are assumed in this activity and students should be familiar with them before attempting this lab. Meiosis, gamete formation, independent assortment, probabilities, phenotype and genotype are just a few of the assumed concepts.
 - The activity can be conducted even if the Hardy-Weinberg calculations are not completed. Students can understand the major trends without necessarily doing the calculations. The calculations, however, make the points more dramatically and realistically.
 - Data from both parts of the lab can be pooled into class data. The larger sample will achieve results much closer to the theoretical values. The activity can be expanded to make these comparisons.
 - Encourage students to do their drawings of the pop beads very systematically and at random. If they do so, they will get very interesting trends.
 - The assumptions of the Hardy-Weinberg Principle are not actually found in any real population. Thus, real populations are in continual change. Change in gene pools is the norm and over short periods of time selections for various traits will go completely undetected. Even though the Hardy-Weinberg Principle has its obvious shortcomings, it is an interesting tool for analyzing gene frequencies and possible trends in gene pools.
 - Interested students may want to continue the selection process for more generations and see what happens to the gene frequencies. They can graph the frequencies through the generations. They will likely find that the frequency of the alleles will level off after several generations.
Correlation to Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS)
Science & Engineering Practices
Analyzing and interpreting data
Developing and using models
Disciplinary Core Ideas
MS-LS1.B: Growth and Development of Organisms
MS-LS3.A: Inheritance of Traits
HS-LS3.B: Variation of Traits
Crosscutting Concepts
Scale, proportion, and quantity
Cause and effect
Performance Expectations
HS-LS3-3. Apply concepts of statistics and probability to explain the variation and distribution of expressed traits in a population.
Answers to Questions
 1. Calculate the theoretical frequency of each of the genotypes (RR, RW, WW) in the original population knowing the makeup of the gene pool. (Hint: R = 0.6 W = 0.4)
p = 0.6
q = 0.4
p2 = 0.36
2pq = 0.48
q2 = 0.16
 1. Use your random drawing data in the chart above to calculate the frequency of the alleles and genotypes in the next generation. Calculate p, q, p2, 2pq and q2.
p = 0.51
q = 0.49
p2 = 0.26
2pq = 0.50
q2 = 0.24
 1. How do the frequencies of the original and the first generation compare? Is there a major change in the frequencies in the gene pool?
The gene pools are not identical, but they are very similar.
 1. Use the data collected when selection against WW occurred to calculate the theoretical frequencies in the next generation. How does the calculated frequency of RR and RW compare to the actual?
p = 0.65
q = 0.35
p2 = 0.42
2pq = 0.46
q2 = 0.12
The frequency of RR and RW are very close to the predicted values.
 1. After one generation of selection, what has happened to the gene pool?
The frequency of W in the gene pool has decreased from 0.40 to 0.35 in this example and the frequency of red has gone up from 0.60 to 0.65.
 1. If the selection against WW continues, will all of the W genes be eliminated from the population? If so, why? If not, why not?
The W gene is not likely to be completely eliminated from the gene pool because of the heterozygous individuals carrying the recessive gene.
Student Pages
Gene Pool and Natural Selection
What is a gene pool? What factors affect or change a gene pool over time?
 - Gene pool
 - Gene pool shift
 - Allele frequency
 - Hardy-Weinberg Principle
Early in the 20th century the mathematician G. H. Hardy and the physician W. Weinberg recognized a mathematical relationship that represents the allele frequencies found in a population at equilibrium. The mathematical relationship became known as the Hardy-Weinberg Principle.
The Hardy-Weinberg Principle makes certain assumptions about conditions of the population being studied:
 1. The size of the population is assumed to be large enough that slight shifts in random events would not greatly alter frequencies.
 2. The population is assumed to be stable and with little severe natural selection pressure being applied.
 3. New mutations are not occurring within the population.
 4. Matings within the population are strictly random.
 5. Organisms with different alleles or allele frequencies do not migrate into the population.
 6. Organisms with allele frequencies different than the population as a whole do not migrate out of the population.
No real world population actually meets all of the Hardy-Weinberg criteria. The short term stability of many large populations, however, allows the population to be analyzed with the Hardy-Weinberg Principle and changes in gene frequencies within the gene pool can often be detected and theorized.
A population's gene pool for a given trait is simply the total collection of the alleles for a trait contained in all the individuals in the population that have the potential to mate and pass their alleles to the next generation. The Hardy-Weinberg Principle can be applied to traits that have simple dominant/recessive relationships.
Furthermore, the frequency of two alleles for a trait are represented by the letters p and q. The allele for the dominant trait is represented by p and the recessive allele by q. The frequency of p and q add up to 1 (p + q = 1). A cross between two individuals can be shown in a Punnett Square (see Figure 1).
The Hardy-Weinberg Principle's mathematical statement is shown in Equation 1.
p = frequency of allele p
q = frequency of allele q
p2 = frequency of homozygous dominant
2pq = frequency of heterozygote
q2 = frequency of homozygous recessive
The key to utilizing the mathematical statement on real populations depends on knowing the frequency of the homozygous recessive individuals in the population. This is because the phenotype is often clearly recognized and its frequency can be counted. Once q2 is known, then q can be determined by taking the square root of q2. Since p + q = 100% or 1, p can then be calculated once q has been determined. Once p and q are known p2, 2pq and q2 are all easily derived.
The following example illustrates the nature of Hardy-Weinberg calculations:
In a population of red and white individuals, it is found that 36% of the individuals are white (WW—homozygous recessive). What is the frequency of the white allele and red allele in the total population? What is the likely frequency of heterozygous individuals?
 q2 = 0.36
 ∴ q = √0.36 = 0.6
since p + q = 1
 p + 0.6 = 1
 p = 0.4
 ∴ p2 = 0.16
 2pq = 2(0.4)(0.6) = 0.48
In summary, for this population the frequencies of alleles and genotypes would be as follows:
 q = W = 0.6
 p = R = 0.4
 p2 = RR = 0.16 red homozygous
2pq = RW = 0.48 red heterozygous
 q2 = WW = 0.36 white homozygous
Pop beads, red, 60
Pop beads, white, 40
Styrofoam® cup
Safety Precautions
Do not use pop beads with small children as they might be swallowed or inhaled. Follow other standard laboratory rules.
 1. Count 60 red pop beads and place them in the Styrofoam® cup.
 2. Count 40 white pop beads and add them to the same Styrofoam cup.
 3. The 100 pop beads will be used to represent the gene pool of alleles for a population. The red beads (R) represent the trait red which is dominant to white (W). Cover the cup with your hand and shake it


text:
Sarms cycle guide, ostarine ncbi
Sarms cycle guide
When on a cycle of SARMs or steroids, your natural testosterone levels might dip, so a post cycle therapy is meant to bring them back to normal. What is Steroid Cycle Therapy, sarms cycle guide? In a normal testosterone cycle, testosterone levels will rise, and stay elevated for about 24-36 months, sarms cycle gym. Testosterone therapy is usually done at a time when your normal testosterone levels are normal. Usually a steroid cycle is done each week to bring your testosterone levels back to normal to match those levels in your past testosterone replacement (TR) cycles, sarms cycle for beginners. Once your testosterone levels reach baseline (levels where they were before TR-use), a second cycle is done as a post cycle therapy (PCPT). If you want to know more about testosterone therapy, check out this article as well. Steroid Cycle Therapy Procedure: While a cycle is doing the right thing, there are times it's not completely right. Steroid cycle therapy doesn't mean that you're on a cycle, sarms cycle pictures! Because it's a new hormone, if the hormone changes too quickly, you may want to lower your dose of the hormone because you may not be as responsive as you were initially due to too much hormone. The new hormones can then be used in your future TR cycles if it's desired, sarms cycle diet. There's no reason to use more hormone with testosterone therapy than you were on the previous cycle. Testosterone therapy will increase your body's estrogen concentration, so you may end up increasing your overall estrogen balance, sarms cycle for cutting. This can result in acne, and an increased risk of cancers such as prostate and breast (see more below), sarms cycle losing weight. There is an increased risk of acne on anabolic steroids as well; however, it is more likely to be experienced by those with a history of acne, sarms cycle before and after. One of the best ways to deal with this is to avoid anabolic steroid use completely. Steroid Cycle Therapy Symptoms With testosterone therapy, there's a chance that you may experience some of the following symptoms: Steroids can cause a burning sensation in your lower back, groin, and/or buttocks, guide cycle sarms. This is similar to the burning sensation from over-exercising, sarms cycle gym1. If you are using a testosterone enanthate, it is recommended that you continue to use it while using a lower dose. This can allow you to avoid side effects that your body may be getting from the higher dose you are currently using, sarms cycle gym2. Possible Increased Risk of Cancer on Anabolic Steroids
Sixty elderly men were put on various Ostarine dosages for 3 months, and it was found that simply taking 3mg of Ostarine per day led to an increase in muscle mass by 1.5 ± 0.1kg within four weeks The improvements were seen following the second and third dosages as well as after the fourth one which is coincidentally the dosage used in this study. This study found no adverse effects aside from increased muscle mass on this drug, sarms. It is possible that this drug may be able to help improve muscle mass on other drugs like Proline and Creatine since it improves in the same way as Creatine and the combination may also be useful due to these other synergistic effects Supplementation may be useful in aging as it could aid increase protein synthesis and attenuate the age-related decline in metabolic rate. It is possible that Ostarine, when taken in high doses, can aid in reducing muscle loss on all of these drugs, sarms cycle dosage. 3, sarms cycle for weight loss.3, sarms cycle for weight loss. Muscle Infusion Ostarine was tested on a rat model of muscle injury, where mice were injured using an intraperitoneal injection of an irritant (Pyrano-P-benzoic acid, 20mg/kg bodyweight) followed by an infusion of 0, ostarine google scholar.2% Ostarine (1g/kg bodyweight) over 2 hours, ostarine google scholar. No influence on muscle growth was seen, although the effects on mitochondrial size was observed at 0.5mL/kg and on cellularity at 0.1mL/kg. The main effect on muscular mass is due to its increase in mitochondrial production. This increased mitochondrial production appears to have increased as well which could explain the overall muscle mass increase seen to at least some degree, but further investigation is needed to try and quantify more 3.4. Muscle Hypertrophy The effects of Ostarine on muscle growth were evaluated over time in comparison to placebo in otherwise healthy adults aged 18–70 years, sarms cycle gym. Although there were some benefits, with the increase being greater with increasing doses of 0.5mL of Ostarine at a time, there was no difference in changes in muscle mass as assessed by BMR and the increase in muscle mass did not differ between treatments at 0.5mL and 4mL. In contrast, there were some positive observations with increases in muscle mass relative to placebo, with 0, ostarine ncbi.5mL of Ostarine being the best, but nothing significant was found with 0, ostarine ncbi.025mL, ostarine ncbi.
Researchers found that the prevalence and severity of sexual dysfunction was highest among men who had used steroids for 10 years or more or 40 weeks or more out of every year, and lowest among the rest. The prevalence of sexual dysfunction varied by gender, but only the men who had used steroids for 40 weeks or more out of every year had a significantly elevated rate of this adverse effect. It's unclear if the men reported sexual dysfunction had a correlation with having used steroids or if the use of steroids was at a higher prevalence among men who reported being less likely to have sex with women. Additionally, the researchers note that there is not enough data to address whether there is any link between having sex with men who have used steroids and having poorer sexual performance. That issue should be addressed with future studies, they write. "We did not find any relationship between lifetime use of anabolic steroids and a more severe pattern of sexual dysfunction, which might be hypothesized. More research is needed to determine how this association is mediated," Löllgren and collaborators concluded. A major benefit of such drugs, Löllgren points out, is that they generally are free of side effects and the benefits of testosterone in the body can last a lifetime as opposed to being reversible in a short period of time. That might be why the researchers found the prevalence was so high. "In men on testosterone and in women, these drugs have been shown to be safe. We think there is something interesting there, which we are studying for further research and then we want to see how the association between lifetime use of testosterone and a more severe pattern of sexual dysfunction is affected and whether there is a link between the steroid use itself and the outcome being treated," Eriksson said. The authors acknowledge that because studies of the long-term effects of steroids on sexual function have been limited, the relationship in this study was considered exploratory. The overall findings of the current study, however, were significant as they are consistent with prior studies which have shown that steroids can lead to problems in sexual performance, the authors wrote. The researchers also note that the study design used some risk factors for problems including smoking, body mass and alcohol abuse. As there was no control in the study for these factors, Löllgren is investigating further ways to increase participation in the testosterone study in Sweden using more weight-based measures to look at whether the prevalence of sexual dysfunction is related to factors such as body weight. Löllgren and collaborators conclude that the study authors' primary goal was to develop ways to better understand sex differences in the risks and benefits of using testosterone drugs, particularly in relation to erect Related Article:


Study: On-site clinics can help public employers curb healthcare costs
The Government Finance Officers Association, with a grant from Colonial Life, conducted the independent research to identify the most innovative and effective strategies local governments can employ to contain costs and offer quality employee healthcare benefits.
"One strategy to manage choice of providers while improving the quality of the health benefit for employees is on-site health centers, also known as on-site clinics. An on-site clinic is essentially a doctor's office that is provided by the public employer, on or near the employer's premises," the study stated. "Staffing varies with expected use of the clinic, from only nurse practitioners and physician assistants to a full medical staff. The services offered range from just immunizations and limited acute care to physicals, lab work, behavioral health services and even pharmacy services."
The case study research suggested that most governments favor relying on a third-party vendor to manage the clinic on their behalf, and that on-site clinics can provide services more cheaply than commercial providers. Furthermore, because an on-site clinic is more accessible than commercial providers, employees usually seek treatment for minor ailments before they become major conditions that are more costly to treat.
The research found that on-site clinics offer a substantial return on investment, with figures ranging from $1.60 to $4 saved for every dollar invested. For example, Cabarrus County, North Carolina, offers a full-service clinic to 1,300 employees and dependents, and realized a net cost savings of $624,000 over a four-year period, the study stated.
However, the study pointed out that, in order to be effective, a clinic must have about 800 to 1,000 potential patients. For a smaller employer, this means that sharing a clinic with other smaller employers might be an ideal solution. For example, in Texas, the City of Mesquite is on the border of what is required to run a cost-effective clinic (1,148 employees), so it partnered with the Mesquite School District (4,700 employees) to offer a full-service clinic.
Once a clinic is in place, employees need to have an incentive to use the clinic instead of a commercial provider. GFOA's case studies used a number of enticements to make the clinic less expensive and more convenient than other alternatives:
 - Waive or substantially reduce co-pays when visiting the clinic;
 - Provide convenient scheduling options, such as Web-based appointment setting. Employers also can negotiate wait time standards with the managers of the clinic to ensure visits are expeditious;
 - Develop advantageous time-off policies for using the clinic, such as not requiring the use of sick time to visit the clinic or allowing flexible work scheduling; and
 - Provide services that are focused but cover major employee needs. Clinics that provide only the most basic services will not see high utilization, and services that are too specialized will not enjoy economies of scale.
- 8:29 AM
rhammerle says
These findings are consistent with what Trans World Airlines found when we established onsite and rapid response specialty clinics for them in the 1980s and beyond. We have since advanced much further, utilizing telecommunication, technology and remote diagnostic and treatment options that were not available 30 years ago. Hopefully private and public employers won't rely simply on this study and end up creating onsite clinics that ignore the advances that have been made over the past three decades. Ron Hammerle, Chairman Health Resources, Ltd. Tampa, Florida
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text:
Francesca Tolaini, a Ph.D. candidate at the Scuola Normale Superiore in Pisa, Italy, conducted research for her dissertation on the book that contains recipes on glassmaking and glass coloring from late antiquity and the early Middle Ages.
Tolaini has transcribed and analyzed recipes in various manuscripts of the Mappae Clavicula, and her share of the Rakow Grant will permit her to inspect the versions in the Rakow Research Library of The Corning Museum of Glass and in Madrid.
"This manuscript is very important for the history of practical-technical recipe books and treatises on art," she notes. "It is not only the oldest and most widespread early medieval recipe book, but it is also one of the most complete compilations from antiquity. In fact, its origin is to be found in Greek recipe books translated into Latin in the fourth and fifth centuries B.C. It was widely known, and we find it [referred to] in later recipe books, from the Middle Ages and afterward, when the techniques described were no longer in use."
Despite the importance of the Mappae Clavicula, some of its main manuscripts have not been published or studied adequately. Tolaini says that a careful analysis of the information it contains will be extremely useful to students of the history of glassmaking and to scientists conducting chemical analyses of glasses.
Tolaini is a 1994 graduate of the Università degli Studi di Pisa, where she studied the history of decorative and industrial art.


Bumper Color Mismatch & Variation: 6 Causes
PPG helps answer body shop customers' concern as to why the factory original color doesn't always match the rest of the vehicle.
Collision repair shops occasionally run into the situation where a customer complains that the color of their bumper doesn't match the rest of the vehicle—or repair shop owners sometimes need to explain why blending may be required in order to create an invisible repair that'll match even better than the factory original.
Trying to conjure up a simple explanation that's simple and straightforward enough to satisfy a customer's concern isn't always an easy proposition. To effectively educate the customer…it's essential to convey a good grasp of the underlying causes of why OEM bumpers often don't match the rest of the vehicle. Basically, there are four common reasons for an OEM bumper mismatch.
 1. A color can vary depending on the substrate on which it is painted. For example, the evaporation rate for solvent varies over metal or plastic. A longer rate gives a flake pigment additional time to "float" and can darken the "face" of the color.
 2. The body was painted on a production line at the factory, while other parts, such as the bumper and trim, were painted with a different application method at another location.
 3. Slight adjustments can be made during application creating a lighter or darker color, or causing the metallics or mica elements to lay down differently.
 4. Light reflects differently on curved and flat surfaces causing the appearance of a color shift.
Not all bumper-to-body color mismatches can be blamed on the factory and the many variables involved in applying OEM finishes. There are occasions when the body and the bumper are painted at the same time, with the same paint, yet the colors turn out differently. The causes are related to some fundamental differences in the properties of the two substrates.
First, unless specially treated, plastics are good electrical insulators, so they can build up a static charge when wiped down during surface preparation. If the static is not discharged, it can migrate into the paint film. If the color contains a metallic, the charge can force the metallic flakes apart and change their alignment. The result is a shift in the color or darkening on the "face". The best way to tackle this problem is to make sure any static charge is removed with an anti-static wipe before applying the color.
The Second major cause lies in the thermal conductivity of the substrates. If you have sprayed solvent onto a metal panel on a warm day, you may have noticed how the panel cools down significantly as the solvent evaporates. The solvent is pulling the heat out of the panel as it evaporates and as a result, speeds up the drying process. This doesn't occur as much with plastic since it is a good insulator. As a result, the same paint may evaporate at a different rate on plastic than metal. This increase in the evaporation time gives metallic flakes longer to "float" in the film which can darken the "face" slightly. This can be compensated for using the techniques discussed in an earlier Repaint Reporter article entitled "Vanishing Act" (Vol. 65, No. 1).
To view past issues of the Repaint Reporter, please visit _URL_ and click on Refinish News.


Old School
*Since 2021*
Welcome to Old School CAFÉ
Literally: Old \' ōld, 'ōl\ 1. dating from the remote past, advanced in years or age AND School \'skül \ 1. an institution for the teaching of children.
The building at 196 N Main St was built around 1870 as an early primary school, School #1, for the Naples village children. It has served many purposes since that time, including library, office, retail, residence…Our intent was to restore the Old School vibe, celebrating its earliest history with original photos and classroom artifacts, both reproduced and authentic!
Merriam-Webster: Old School \'ol(d)-,skül\ 1. adhering to traditional policies or practices 2. evocative or characteristic of an earlier or original style, manner, or form
Urban Dictionary: Old-school 1. anything that refers to a previous generation; back in the day. 2. the way things used to be done; classic
Best Will Ferrel movie EVER! Just kidding…Old School today is a pop-culture phrase meaning something done in ways of the past, and thus given credibility, or highly regarded or respected. We make old school espresso, homespun baked goods, classic cocktails and cooked to order food that focuses on superior ingredients and traditional methods. What's an immersion circulator? Who cares – we don't use one!
café or ca•fe [ ka-fey, kuhor French ka-fey ]
noun, plural ca•fés [ka-feyz, kuhor, especially for 2, French ka-fey]
a small, unpretentious restaurant, often with exterior seating on a patio or extending onto the sidewalk.
Good food is the foundation of genuine happiness.
- Auguste Escoffier
Why Old School?
In the modern culinary world, the dining experience has evolved in many ways. Our goal is to return to a meal that is reminiscent, familiar and accessible. Food everyone understands, in an atmosphere where everyone feels welcome…
Join our email list
for updates on the café, events and specials


text:
Image via Wikipedia
A screen goes suddenly dark: a browser is empty; a connection is lost. The online world has been stolen from you, sent into the recesses of your hard-drive. You press a scattering of keys — certain one will at least offer access to the Internet once more. The signal remains broken, however, and you begin to despair. This wasn't meant to happen. A wireless router was instead to ensure constant communication between your computer and your thoughts.


text:
Why Vacuum Seal?
Vacuum Sealing is a great way to preserve your food up to 5 times longer compared to regular storage. This technique sucks the air out to keep food fresh, since air is one of the leading causes of food contamination and spoilage.
FreshWorld's Vacuum Sealer works best with our other food preservation products like the vacuum bags, rolls, canisters, and accessories so you can:
- Preserve food and extend shelf life up to 5 times longer
Compared to food stored in plastic bags or containers, enjoy your food for long when it is vacuum sealed. Meat will taste as rich and tender as it did when it was originally sealed. Pre-packed meals and leftovers can last for weeks instead of just days. For optimal results, track your food by putting the date when you vacuum seal.
- Save money and stop food waste
No more throwing away leftovers or watching expiration dates roll by. No more freezer burn or bland, oxidized meats. Save on what you previously would have had to throw to the bin.
- Prevent freezer burn and dehydration
Lock moisture in when you vacuum seal food, especially meat. When water sublimates inside your food, freezer burn happens. The ice crystals inside become into water vapor and get drawn up to the surface of your food, where they either freeze again and or escapes into the surrounding air. Freezer burn isn't dangerous, but it ruins the taste and texture of your food
- Save on storage space
Neatly pack items in our BPA-Free Vacuum Bags to save storage space in your fridge or pantry. No more bulky and cumbersome containers needed.
It's a convenient and economical way for households and businesses to preserve, protect, and store food.


Title fights, succession planning and capacity building
Wednesday, 1 June 2016
Craig Allen
Aboriginal Men carry the responsibility of sharing our culture, maintaining country and ensuring that we have created a solid, culturally safe and culturally secure platform from which our future generations can build.
Title Fight will create an opportunity for Aboriginal men to discuss two distinct and yet related topics. The session will begin by exploring the idea of a Title Fight. As men, we are grandfathers, fathers, sons, husbands, bread winners and protectors of our family. However what about the corporate world? The titles we fight for, and subsequently wear, range in power and stature, from assigned positions, such as board members or directors where we represent our communities through to less formal, however equally important, titles, such as leaders and caretakers of knowledge.
However what do these titles actually mean? Do they provide us with more power, privileges, control or leverage? Are we entitled to more respect? And if so why? And what happens in instances where the Titles we fight for become tokenistic in nature? Set us up to fail? Or just fail to fight what we would consider is the 'good fight'?
Succession Planning and Capacity Building will then enable the men to discuss exactly that. What are our visions for the future and how do we instill these visions in others? Are we succession planning and capacity building? Whom are we building capacity in?
And what was are the characteristics that we identify in those that we build? And are there others we should consider building capacity?
This interactive session encourages participants to explore dynamics surrounding these topics and workshop potential solutions in order to create beneficial changes for our communities.


History of Ion Mines
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Revision 2.. November 16, 2004 12:48 am by Thursday [Ion Mines entry]
Revision 1.. (edit) November 11, 2004 3:18 pm by Thursday
Difference (from prior major revision) (no other diffs)
Changed: 1c1,11
Thursday's got the dibs.
Ion Mines are an archaic defensive weapon, mostly phased out by the start of the Orbital Wars. About the size of an average housing unit, they are detonated when a passing ship comes too close, usually within 5000 kilometers. The ship broken up into the smallest molecular components by being bombarded with charged ionic particles, after which all the particles become highly attracted to each other, and the entire ship and it's contents are compacted into a metallic sphere about the size of an Anduvian minimelon. These spheres are high collectable and can been seen in private displays across the Consortiums.
The Terrans obtaining Ion Mines is the quintessential example of the internal problems the Union was experiencing during the outset of the Orbital Wars. The Manifesto of Qirel correctly pointed out that in order for the Union to properly react against the Encounter, Terra would have to be made a member of the Union. The speculations surrounding the possible effects of the Encounter fresh in their minds, the Union members quickly inducted Terra into the Union.
Once a member, the Terrans began exercising their right to "borrow" technology from other members. The problem was that the Terrans technically fell under Class G in the Union's civilization classification, and therefore such exchange of technology was in direct violation of the Anti-Hypergrowth Policy. This policy was meant to counteract the explosive results that occurred when a primitive civilization obtained advanced technology without learning the ethical and social lessons associated with it. This led to massive population growth and famine through the use of Allelodrene, and of course the Terran's early economic suicide by the use of Ion Mines.
After the Little Coup in which Terra (by means of unforeseen loopholes in Union policies) claimed the position of Senior Member in the Union, the international military staff of the fledgling galactic power made the decision to surround the nearby area of space with Ion Mines. Other factions, not wanting to take the risk of detonating the mines with their merchant ships, completely cut off trade with the Terrans. This led to drastic economic problems, although nothing nearly as serious as the [Xorm market crashes]?.
Not only did the other members distrust the Terrans because of their obnoxious seizure of power, diplomatic relations between Union members broke down, as diplomatic envoys were unable to make the journey to the new Union capital on Terra.
The destruction of the old Terran ways and the creation of the [New Unified Terrans]? is often compared to the detonation of an Ion Mine, the new metallic sphere shining with the hope of a brighter future for the Terrans. The prediction has thus far not been entirely incorrect.
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Alligator Plant
Kalanchoe daigremontiana (Mother of Thousands)
Kalanchoe daigremontiana (Mother of Thousands), also known as Bryophyllum daigremontianum, is a short-lived monocarpic succulent with…
Growing the Mother of Thousands Effectively
Mother of Thousands is a curious plant that forms tiny plantlets on the edges of its leaves. It is also known as alligator plant or devil's backbone. From Madagascar, the Mother of Thousands is a succulent that doesn't require frequent watering to grow.
Keep this plant in an area where it will receive plenty of bright sunlight, but too much time in the sun can cause sunburned leaves. With many plantlets, it's easy to grow multiple plants from the mother. Some even view it as a pest for how quickly the plant can spread by dropping plantlets.
How Much Garden Space Do You Need?
To find the ideal size of your vegetable garden, please check the box on plants you want to grow from the list above. We'll then calculate the required size automatically.
Disclaimer: The numbers in the table above may not be 100% accurate because vegetable consumption varies by family and the amount of yield for each plant is affected by many factors including soil quality, water, weather, pests/diseases problem, location, etc. Use the calculator only as a rough estimation and adjust the numbers according to your needs.
Now, if you want to have a more accurate estimation, here are the 8 considerations for deciding your vegetable garden size:
1. Small kitchen garden or a fully self-reliant garden?
What's the purpose of your garden?
Is it just a small kitchen garden to grow fresh food and reduce your shopping budget, or do you want to be fully self-reliant from your garden?
Our calculator assumes the average numbers. It won't be way off if you're slightly below or above the average, but if you're on the extreme sides, you will need to adjust the number accordingly.
If you haven't started your first garden yet, our best advice is to just use the result from the calculator, it's usually good enough. Then, increase or decrease the number of plants you grow in the next year depending on the result from your previous year.
2. How many people are you trying to feed?
Obviously, if you are a single person, you won't need the same size garden as a family of four. And if you are a family of four, you'll need a smaller garden than a family of six. Which is why we allow you to change the family size in our calculator.
But what might not be obvious is the number of people outside your immediate family that you might need to feed throughout the year.
In our first years of gardening, I didn't think this part through. I would only consider the people under my roof and failed to realize how frequently my mother-in-law had dinner with us throughout the week and didn't include her in my calculations. You can guess the rest of the story.
Right now, I support my parents as well as my immediate family. I've learned from my previous calculation failures to include them when planning my gardening space.
Other than feeding an extended family, if you entertain or participate in potlucks regularly, you should also take this into consideration when planning your garden. Similarly, if you want to sell some fresh produce for extra income.
3. Are you eating fresh or preserving your harvest?
If you are planning on eating fresh produce straight out of your garden, you won't need as large of a garden as someone who is planning on preserving the harvest.
Our calculator assumes that you will preserve your harvest and use it throughout the year. And by the way, you should consider preserving your harvest if you're not yet. You will need more produce, but this allows you to cut groceries budget throughout the year or even eliminate it completely.
Okay, but what if you're sure not going to preserve some food, and just want some fresh tomatoes for the sandwich every now and then? Well, in that case you don't need a calculator, just plant one tomato plant.
4. Will you be succession planting?
If you plan on using the same garden space to plant multiple vegetables, you may not need as much space if the growth times are different.
For example, if you want to grow peas and green beans in the same year, you could do this in the same garden bed. Peas can be planted in February (depending on your planting zone), and green beans are planted later and love the nitrogen peas add to the soil. Basically, it's a good idea to plant green beans after peas in the same space.
When the peas are finished, use the same space to plant green beans. This means you wouldn't need as large of a garden space because they are grown in succession instead of simultaneously.
If you are working with limited gardening space, consider succession planting to be able to grow more in the space you have.
5. Do you plan on having multiple garden beds?
We grow multiple gardens on our property per season. Instead of using one large garden plot, we break down our needs into multiple gardens.
This doesn't really have anything to do directly with the total size (or does it?), but it's something you need to take into consideration when planning your garden.
If you want to separate the bed for each plant, you should get the size needed for each plant on its own by check-marking only one plant from the table above and take a note of the garden size for that one plant. Then repeat the same step for different plants.
There are also other reasons to separate garden beds. For example, I have one garden bed for my family, one for my extended family, and one to sell produce.
You can also have one garden area for plants that are good companions, like the three sisters garden.
All in all, having multiple beds makes organization much easier if you're planning a large garden, and it's beneficial in general. But one downside is that you'll need bigger total area for your garden because of the space between beds.
At the very least, you need 2 feet of space between garden beds, and you'll likely need more than that just to make it easier for you to manage the plants especially if you have tools or basket with you.
6. How many times in the year will you be planting?
Technically, you can start three different gardens per year.
You might want to grow a spring garden filled with lettuce, spinach, cabbage, and peas. Then a summer garden filled with tomatoes, squash, cucumbers, and peppers. Finally, finish out the year by growing a fall garden with cabbage, squash, and root vegetables.
This is more tiring than having one garden per year or two, which most gardeners do. But if you do it right, you can save a lot of garden area, even if you plan on preserving the harvest.
To calculate the total garden size, you'll need to do three different calculations, each calculation for plants that you will grow on different planting season and use the largest number of all three. That's your garden size.
7. Which vegetable do you like the most?
This may seem obvious, but if you like a certain food, you'll be more likely to eat it more than the average person.
Our calculators use the average amount of vegetables that a person eat. So if you like to eat tomatoes, for example, you might want to plant more tomatoes.
However, one thing to remember is that different plant needs different total area to grow properly.
It could make more sense (financially, at least) to plant smaller plants with high yield even if they're not your favorite vegetables if you have a limited space and buy your favorite vegetable from the grocery store instead.
Write down all the vegetables you'd like to grow and compare their spacing needs and how well they do in your zone to narrow down what you will grow in your garden.
8. Different gardening methods require different garden size
You may have heard of many different gardening methods. From the traditional garden bed with rows of crops, raised beds, container gardening, keyhole garden, square-foot gardening, to the more advanced methods like hydroponics, aquaponics, or the space-efficient vertical gardening.
These methods have their own set of pros and cons, so go ahead and read the link above to compare each method and find which one is best for you.
As for the calculator in this page, it can be used for the traditional in-ground garden and raised beds, but you'll have to make adjustments for other gardening methods.
FAQ About Mother of Thousands
Although mother of thousands plants are easy to grow houseplants, there are a few questions you may still have about growing them.
Does mother of thousands flower?
Mother of millions is a type of flowering succulent. However, the plants rarely—probably, never—bloom indoors. When growing outdoors, your plant may bloom with clusters of small pinkish-red flowers. Always deadhead the flowers after blooming to encourage good growth.
Is mother of thousands plant poisonous?
Yes. All parts of Kalanchoe daigremontiana contain toxic substances called bufadienolides. The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) lists the devil's backbone on their list of poisonous plants that are toxic to dogs and cats. (1)
Is the mother of thousands invasive?
Mother of thousands is an extremely invasive and fast-growing plant. If you grow this succulent outdoors in your yard, regularly collect the plantlets to prevent them from rooting where they land.
Why are mother of thousands leaves curling?
Mother of thousands has broad leaves in the shape of a tear or diamond. The leaves have a natural arch, but they shouldn't curl. Curling Mexican hat plant leaves are


REVEALED: New simple test PREDICTS your risk of dementia
A GROUNDBREAKING discovery by scientists promises to help GPs predict a person's dementia risk.
Stock image of dementia patientGETTY
A new breakthrough test could accurately predict dementia risk
Scientists - from University College London - may have developed an accurate and simple formula enabling GPs to work out a patient's risk of developing dementia well before the condition takes hold.
The new research suggests that an easy formula using information from routine visits to the family doctor can pinpoint their chances of developing the degenerative condition.
The formula combines social and lifestyle factors, such as poverty and BMI (body mass index), with medical diagnoses and drug prescriptions to predict possible onset of the mental illness.
The findings may offer significant hope to many vulnerable individuals so they can take steps to help ward off a devastating condition for which there is currently no known cure.
Alzheimer's affects one in 20 over the age of 65. In the UK, some 850,000 are affected by dementia - costing the nation an estimated £26billion a year.
The mathematical algorithm - called Dementia Risk Score - "performed well" in forecasting the danger for 60 to 79 year olds, reports the journal BMC Medicine.
Stock image of doctorGETTY
The scientists predict it may help GPs predict the onset of dementia
In the study researchers used 930,395 patients' records to build a simple computer formula that predicted their risk of future dementia diagnoses within FIVE years. None had any previous signs of the disease.
It used risk factors including socio-demographic measures such as age, sex and social deprivation, health and lifestyle measurements like alcohol use, BMI and blood pressure, diagnoses such as diabetes and heart disease and use of prescription medication.
The researchers compared these factors with the newly recorded dementia cases during the follow up period.
The exciting discovery could help rule out patients at very low risk for conditions such as Alzheimer's disease in primary care.
Dr Kate Walters, of University College London, said: "It was a good discriminator, with a score of O.8 where 1 would be 100 percent accurate.
"This is better than any other test out there at the moment.
Stock image of dementia testingGETTY
Scientists are pleased with the potential accuracy of the formula
"Recent research has indicated people who eat healthily, such as following a mediterranean diet, and exercise are less likely to develop dementia, so knowing risk in advance could encourage people to change their lifestyle, which can also combat heart disease and stroke, for instance.
"There are also drugs showing promise in treatment of early dementia, so identifying people before they develop symptoms may be vital in the future.
"But we don't want to cause anxiety, and some people may not want to know their risk of dementia in later life.
"So there are things to consider, but if NHS England recommend the test there is no reason why it cannot be available soon.
"I would also point out the overall risk of people under the age of 80 developing dementia is still relatively small, even in the higher risk group."
The score could be especially useful for identifying people at a very low risk of dementia, but are anxious about developing the condition, as recorded by their GP.
Stock image of dementia suffererGETTY
It may bring hope to those who are anxious about developing the devastating condition
As the current model is based on UK patient data, the researchers suggest further tests to assess the performance of their risk score for populations outside of the UK.
Dr Walters added: "Before this score is widely used we would recommend that it is independently tested in further populations of people, and that the ethical implications of using it in practice are considered."
One in five people do not think it is possible to reduce their risk of dementia, despite growing evidence the condition is linked to lifestyle.
Research suggests one in three cases could be prevented by increased activity levels, a reduction in smoking and tackling health problems such as obesity and diabetes.
Just one hour's exercise a week may reduce the chance of Alzheimer's disease by almost HALF.
The symptoms of dementia may include memory loss and difficulties with thinking, problem-solving or language. It is caused when the brain is damaged by disease, such as Alzheimer's or a series of strokes.


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We connect people, resources, and community to create endless opportunity.
We help people create their own path, and give them the support they need along their journey. Our concept is simple: Nearly all of the resources a person needs to follow their dreams are already available in the form of non-profit organizations, who we refer to as resources. This includes resources who assist with all forms of human needs from food and shelter to professional groups, training, financial support, and mentoring. Project Maslow is providing the centralized hub for organizing and aligning these resources in a meaningful way, and gives it's users the opportunity to create their own life goal journey.
We think the reason disparities exist between groups is a concept that's completely overlooked: some people are raised and taught skills and an understanding of how to navigate life, and that knowledge gives them opportunities other kids will never have. Parents of successful children have been taught behaviors and expectations that helped them live more fulfilling adult lives. In the case of parents that have struggled to find their own paths, they may have known how to love their children, but they didn't know how to teach them the skills necessary to achieve a stable lifestyle and a successful career as an adult.
Without training, children repeat their parents mistakes generation after generation, and continue the same misconceptions and behaviors that keep them from achieving their dreams. Project Maslow believes this disparity can and must be corrected by giving all people the tools needed to follow their dreams and to lead more productive, fulfilling lives, full of meaning. No one should be left behind because they don't know a different life is possible.
We don't promise that journeys will be easy, but they will be fulfilling and provide people with a sense of ownership and accomplishment, which are the pillars of restoring dignity and self-respect. We surround our users with great people and put them on a path they can achieve. We point them in the best direction possible, giving them the same opportunity as everyone else. Project Maslow provides the path to opportunity by connecting people, resources, and communities to create endless opportunity.


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What is the frequency and duration of use that you recommend for vibration during therapy?
This will vary according to each person's sensory preferences. Some individuals may not be able to tolerate a lot of stimulation, while others may crave it. Either way, I always recommend introducing the Z-Vibe slowly (at least until they are comfortable with it). Use it without vibration first. Then turn it on, show it to the individual, and let him/her feel the vibration in the hands and on the arms, slowly working towards acceptance into the mouth.
Once you're in the mouth, the length of time will vary depending upon what your goals are. When working on tongue tip elevation, for example, I use the Z-Vibe with the Probe Tip or Mini Tip to touch alveolar ridge (just behind the upper front teeth). I apply gentle pressure, then lean back and wait for a response. If the tongue doesn't elevate, I'll repeat the exercise again (if the individual allows). I'll do that one more time and wait for elevation. Sometimes this simple tactile cue is all that's necessary to trigger elevation. If the tongue tip doesn't elevate, then I'll move on to another goal for the time being, then repeat the Probe/Mini Tip exercise. If there still isn't a response, I'll continue again with feeding or sound production and repeat the exercise above a little later. So, the duration that I'm using the Z-Vibe is quite short for this exercise.
The same would apply for stroking the sides of the tongue for lateralization, applying pressure on the back of the tongue to assist elevation, applying pressure mid-tongue for a tongue bowl, etc. With the Animal Tips I can be in the mouth longer, perhaps up to 30 seconds at a time having the child close their lips around the animal's face, explore the bumps and ridges with their tongue, bite the blocks on the back of the tip for jaw grading practice, and so forth. Then I'll remove from the mouth to work on babbling, sound production, or feeding.
As a general rule: provide stimulation, monitor the response, and adjust accordingly. If at any point the individual shows signs of refusal (grimacing, pushing the tool away, turning his head, etc.), discontinue oral motor therapy at that point before the individual rejections stimulation. You can use it again in the next session, starting just below the point of rejection and ending before it occurs. Work on individualized progress and remember that frequent exercises throughout the day are more important than the amount of exercises completed in any one session.
All my best,
Debra C. Lowsky, MS, CCC-SLP


that each transition x→x' is reversible: for every pair of states x, x', the probability of being in state x and transit to the state x' must be equal to the probability of being in state x' and transit to the state x, \pi(x)P(x\rightarrow x') = \pi(x')P(x'\rightarrow x).
 2. uniqueness of stationary distribution: the stationary distribution π(x) must be unique. This is guaranteed by ergodicity of the Markov process, which requires that every state must (1) be aperiodic—the system does not return to the same state at fixed intervals; and (2) be positive recurrent—the system will return to the state with nonzero probability.
Metropolis–Hastings algorithm resides in designing a Markov process (by constructing transition probabilities) which fulfils the two above conditions, such that its stationary distribution π(x) is chosen to be P(x). The derivation of the algorithm starts with the condition of detailed balance:
P(x)P(x\rightarrow x') = P(x')P(x'\rightarrow x)
which is re-written as
\frac{P(x\rightarrow x')}{P(x'\rightarrow x)} = \frac{P(x')}{P(x)}.
The approach is to separate the transition in two sub-steps; the proposal and the acceptance-rejection. The proposal distribution \displaystyle g(x\rightarrow x') is the conditional probability of proposing a state x' given x, and the acceptance distribution \displaystyle A(x\rightarrow x') the conditional probability to accept the proposed state x'. The transition probability can be written as the product of them:
Inserting this relation the previous equation, we have
The next step in the derivation is to choose an acceptance that fulfills detailed balance. One common choice is the Metropolis choice:
A(x\rightarrow x') = \min\left(1,\frac{P(x')}{P(x)}\frac{g(x'\rightarrow x)}{g(x\rightarrow x')}\right)
i.e., we always accept when the acceptance is bigger than 1, and we reject accordingly when the acceptance is smaller than 1. This constitutes the required quantity for implementing the algorithm.
The Metropolis–Hastings algorithm thus consists in the following:
 1. Initialisation: pick an initial state x at random;
 2. randomly pick a state x' according to \displaystyle g(x\rightarrow x');
 3. accept the state according to \displaystyle A(x\rightarrow x'). If not accepted, that means that x' = x, and so there is no need to update anything. Else, the system transits to x';
 4. go to 2 until T states were generated;
 5. save the state x, go to 2.
The saved states are in principle drawn from the distribution P(x), as step 4 ensures they are de-correlated. The value of T must be chosen according to different factors such as the proposal distribution and, formally, it has to be of the order of the autocorrelation time of the Markov process.[8]
It is important to notice that it is not clear, in a general problem, which distribution \displaystyle g(x\rightarrow x') one should use; it is a free parameter of the method which has to be adjusted to the particular problem in hands.
Step-by-step instructions[edit]
Suppose the most recent value sampled is x_t\,. To follow the Metropolis–Hastings algorithm, we next draw a new proposal state x'\, with probability density Q(x'\mid x_t)\,, and calculate a value
a = a_1 a_2\,
a_1 = \frac{P(x')}{P(x_t)} \,\!
is the probability (e.g., Bayesian posterior) ratio between the proposed sample x'\, and the previous sample x_t\,, and
a_2 = \frac{Q(x_t \mid x')}{Q(x'\mid x_t)}
is the ratio of the proposal density in two directions (from x_t\, to x'\, and vice versa). This is equal to 1 if the proposal density is symmetric. Then the new state \displaystyle x_{t+1} is chosen according to the following rules.
\mbox{If } a \geq 1: & \\
& x_{t+1} = x',
\mbox{else} & \\
& x_{t+1} = \left\{
 x' & \mbox{ with probability }a \\
 x_t & \mbox{ with probability }1-a.
The Markov chain is started from an arbitrary initial value \displaystyle x_0 and the algorithm is run for many iterations until this initial state is "forgotten". These samples, which are discarded, are known as burn-in. The remaining set of accepted values of x represent a sample from the distribution P(x).
The algorithm works best if the proposal density matches the shape of the target distribution \displaystyle P(x) from which direct sampling is difficult, that is Q(x'\mid x_t) \approx P(x') \,\!. If a Gaussian proposal density \displaystyle Q is used the variance parameter \displaystyle \sigma^2 has to be tuned during the burn-in period. This is usually done by calculating the acceptance rate, which is the fraction of proposed samples that is accepted in a window of the last \displaystyle N samples. The desired acceptance rate depends on the target distribution, however it has been shown theoretically that the ideal acceptance rate for a one-dimensional Gaussian distribution is approx 50%, decreasing to approx 23% for an \displaystyle N-dimensional Gaussian target distribution.[9]
If \displaystyle \sigma^2 is too small the chain will mix slowly (i.e., the acceptance rate will be high but successive samples will move around the space slowly and the chain will converge only slowly to \displaystyle P(x)). On the other hand, if \displaystyle \sigma^2 is too large the acceptance rate will be very low because the proposals are likely to land in regions of much lower probability density, so \displaystyle a_1 will be very small and again the chain will converge very slowly.
The result of three Markov chains running on the 3D Rosenbrock function using the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm. The algorithm samples from regions where the posterior probability is high and the chains begin to mix in these regions. The approximate position of the maximum has been illuminated. Note that the red points are the ones that remain after the burn-in process. The earlier ones have been discarded.
See also[edit]
 1. ^ Metropolis, N.; Rosenbluth, A.W.; Rosenbluth, M.N.; Teller, A.H.; Teller, E. (1953). "Equations of State Calculations by Fast Computing Machines". Journal of Chemical Physics 21 (6): 1087–1092. Bibcode:1953JChPh..21.1087M. doi:10.1063/_PHONE_.
 2. ^ Rosenthal, Jeffrey (March 2004). "W.K. Hastings, Statistician and Developer of the Metropolis-Hastings Algorithm". Retrieved 2009-06-02.
 3. ^ Hastings, W.K. (1970). "Monte Carlo Sampling Methods Using Markov Chains and Their Applications". Biometrika 57 (1): 97–109. doi:10.1093/biomet/57.1.97. JSTOR _PHONE_. Zbl 0219.65008.
 4. ^ Teller, Edward. Memoirs: A Twentieth-Century Journey in Science and Politics. Perseus Publishing, 2001, p. 328
 5. ^ Rosenbluth, Marshall. "Oral History Transcript". American Institute of Physics
 6. ^ J.E. Gubernatis (2005). "Marshall Rosenbluth and the Metropolis Algorithm". Physics of Plasmas 12 (5): 057303. Bibcode:2005PhPl...12e7303G. doi:10.1063/_PHONE_.
 7. ^ a b Robert, Christian; Casella, George (2004). Monte Carlo Statistical Methods. Springer. ISBN _PHONE_. edit
 8. ^ Newman, M. E. J.; Barkema, G. T. (1999). Monte Carlo Methods in Statistical Physics. USA: Oxford University Press. ISBN _PHONE_. edit
 9. ^ Roberts, G.O.; Gelman, A.; Gilks, W.R. (1997). "Weak convergence and optimal scaling of random walk Metropolis algorithms". Ann. Appl. Probab. 7 (1): 110–120. doi:10.1214/aoap/_PHONE_.
Further reading[edit]
External links[edit]


What's a Dialog Box?
I was talking to someone the other day who was having a problem with one of her computer programs and that a "dialog box stating the error" had helped fix it. I acted like I knew what she was talking about, but – what is a dialog box?
I had no idea what it was when I first heard the term, either. It turns out that we see them all of the time, only nobody uses the term for them very often.
A dialog box is one of those boxes that pop up when you have an error, when you need to begin or complete a task, when you are being directed to another site, when right-click has been disabled; all kinds of things. Three examples of dialog boxes are shown below.
1. I right-clicked on a website and this is the dialog box that popped up.
(In other words, no right-clicking!)
2. When you point to Start, left-click on Run, the Command dialog box pops up.
3. A dialog box will pop up when there is an error on your computer. In the example below, I have used the error dialog box that popped up when I typed in the word 'nothing' in the command box.
And that's what a dialog box is!


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Using learning materials that are adult-oriented and relevant to learner goals and needs is important for learner retention. Practitioners should use a wide variety of relevant resources that are geared to adults.
Unfortunately, it can often be hard to find adult-oriented learning materials for low level learners.
Some good resources do exist, however. It is just a matter of knowing where to find them. There are many ways to gather effective learning materials. Community Literacy of Ontario has listed just a few of these ways here.
- Program-based Learning Materials. Your literacy program probably has tried and true learning materials. Other programs have also developed some great material over the years, and most literacy programs are willing to share, so ask around!
- Adapt your own materials. Since all materials should be based on the needs and goals of adult learners, adapt learning materials suited directly to their individual needs. For example, complex documents can be rewritten using plain language. Also, it isn't necessary to tackle an entire document at once. You can work on individual sections. For example, you can use just the table of contents to learn how to locate important information. Or on an application form, you can just focus on the personal information section. Be creative!
- Talk to your regional literacy network. Ontario's regional literacy networks are a wonderful source of information and resources. Most have built up a library of various literacy resources and they are eager to help.
- Talk to other literacy practitioners. Effective learning materials can be shared at regional or provincial meetings and conferences or at Literacy Services Plan meetings. Or, simply call or email your colleagues. Working in a caring profession is useful – literacy practitioners are usually extremely helpful to their colleagues!
- Talk to your local library about what material they have for low level adult readers and suggest reading materials or places to order such resources. Libraries are naturally concerned with public access to books.
- The National Adult Literacy Database (_URL_) provides diverse online resources for learners and practitioners. NALD's resources are easy to find in their searchable online database and these resources are from across Canada and around the world.
- Visit the website of Laubach Literacy Ontario to order learning materials from the highly acclaimed "Voyager", "Challenger" and "Laubach Way to Reading" series. Please visit: _URL_ and click on "Bookstore."
- AlphaRoute is an online literacy learning environment developed by AlphaPlus Centre. AlphaRoute has four separate but virtually linked learning areas, one for each of the four streams of Literacy and Basic Skills delivery agencies in Ontario: Anglophone, Deaf, Native and Francophone. AlphaRoute features a variety of learning exercises for all levels. It allows learners to learn computer skills at the same time as they are enhancing their literacy skills. AlphaRoute is a self-directed learning environment but it can also provide feedback from mentors. Please visit: _URL_
- The Learning Edge is a project of the Wellington County Learning Centre. The Learning Edge is a highly rated online newspaper for adult learners packed with interactive learning activities. Check out: _URL_ The Learning Edge is also available via AlphaRoute.
- As well, computer-based learning on CDs can be valuable for some learners. Try out programs such as "Mavis Beacon Teaches Typing", "Money Matters," "Measuring Up", and the "Everyday Living" software (Math for Everyday Living, How to Write for Everyday Living, How to Read for Everyday Living, etc.). Again, search the Internet and talk to your fellow literacy practitioners to find out your options!
- The Golden Oak Reading Program is another great resource for adult learners. This award is sponsored by the Ontario Library Association and it provides new adult readers with the opportunity to read specially-chosen Canadian books geared to them. They can read the books by themselves, with their tutors, or as part of a reading group. Readers can also share their thoughts in an online discussion. The winning author is chosen based on the ratings given by the readers. The awards are presented in June of each year. For more information, please visit: _URL_
- Grass Roots Press provides a variety of adult literacy resources for practitioners and adult students: _URL_.
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Yajisan-Kazusan is played on a rectangular grid, the structure of which directly resembles that of Yajilin: Some cells contain numbers with an arrow indicating an orthogonal direction.
Ostensibly, the number indicates the number of shaded cells which appear in the line of the orthogonal direction indicated by the arrow. Shaded cells may not touch orthogonally, and all unshaded cells must form a single, continuous group. However, unlike many of Nikoli's other puzzles, not all of the clue numbers are correct. Some contain values which are obviously impossible, while others simply contradict known values. In Yajisan-Kazusan, part of the solution is determining which clues are incorrect; any cells containing such clues must be shaded. The clue in a shaded square need not conversely be incorrect. Once a clue cell has been shaded, the clue plays no further part in solving the puzzle.
Because there are false clues within the grid, it can be difficult finding a good starting place. Obviously impossible values can work well: Since shaded cells cannot touch orthogonally, only about half of the cells in a row or column may be shaded.


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Maine Coons Large Cat Breeds Domestic
They are famous for their size. They are an old breed that over the years has become among one of the most popular cats on the planet and for good reason.
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The maine coon is an enormous cat compared with other domestic cats.
Maine coons large cat breeds domestic. Maine coon is a popular breed of cats in the united states and is among the largest cats to be domesticated in the world. Nicknamed the gentle giant of the cat world they re known for having a gentle disposition and being very vocal. One of the most popular cat breeds and for good reason the maine coon truly is a gentle giant with a devoted affectionate nature and unquestionably pettable coat.
In comparison the maine coon is normally twice the size of the average domestic cat. Largest domesticated cat breedthis highlight on cat breeds is the maine coon. This breed is one of the top most popular cat breeds in the world.
The maine coon cat. The height of adults can vary between 10 and 16 in 25 and 41 cm and they can reach a length of up to 38 in 97 cm including the tail which can reach a. Considered as one of the oldest natural breeds in north america maine coons belong to its namesake state of maine us.
The maine coon is a large cat that originates from north eastern america. A male usually weighs in between 13 18 pounds or sometimes substantially more and a female is usually between 9 12 pounds. Obviously we have to include the maine coon cat.
Maine coon world s largest cat breed. Known for being good with kids and dogs these large breed cats love nature and are playful loving and patient with their humans. Maine coons are the largest breed of domestic cats and instantly recognizable due to their distinctive appearance and playful nature.
Looking for large domestic cat breeds. It has a distinctive physical appearance and valuable hunting skills. The breed was popular in cat shows in the late 19th continue reading maine coon.
On average males weigh from 13 to 18 lb 5 9 to 8 2 kg with females weighing from 8 to 12 lb 3 6 to 5 4 kg. They are lovable friendly and loyal. The maine coon was considered the largest breed of domestic cat until the introduction of the savannah cat in the mid 1980s.
These easy going cats are called the dogs of the cat world and are people oriented loyal and get along well with other pets especially cat. They have lovely semi long coats which paired to their charming looks and affectionate loyal natures means they are ideal companions and family pets. These big cats can end up maturing to weigh up to 15 pounds although their long coats can make them look bigger.
This makes the cat a wonderful family pet. It is the largest of the domestic cat breeds. The maine coon has lately become one of the most popular cat breeds.
While it s safe to say every kind of cat is unique in their own way maine coons have several special ways they stand out with their majestic manes bushy tails and large stature.
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The main ingredient in Aquaphor Healing Ointment is petrolatum, an active protecting ingredient. Petrolatum sits on the skin as a semi-occlusive barrier that lets it protect itself while allowing moisture and oxygen in. Inactive ingredients found in Aquaphor Healing Ointment are mineral oil, ceresin, lanolin alcohol, panthenol, glycerin and bisabolol.Continue Reading
Aquaphor Healing Ointment is best known for keeping wounds and scars moist so they can heal, using petrolatum to form an ointment. The lanolin alcohol in Aquaphor (also known as wool wax) has cholesterol and fatty acids that help make the skin smoother. Glycerin is a natural moisturizing factor that helps to keep the wound moisturized. Panthenol, also known as pro vitamin B5, helps to condition the wound and has humectant properties. Bisabolol is derived from the chamomile plant, and it acts as an anti-inflammatory and anti-pruritic.
Aquaphor contains no perfumes, scents, preservatives or dyes. Aquaphor Healing Ointment can be used to treat new or old wounds effectively over time and with daily use. The proper way to apply Aquaphor is by cleaning the wound, applying Aquaphor Healing Ointment and then immediately applying a bandage to the wound. Aquaphor Healing Ointment is sold over the counter at major retail stores.Learn more about Skin Care


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It is one such predator that uses the subterranean reservoirs of the Central Desert as hunting grounds. It is about three feet (a meter) long and swims by means of paddles, one pair to each segment, beating in a wavelike action almost like an aquatic millipede. The slickribbon's mouth parts are mounted on an extendible trunk, which it can shoot out in a fraction of a second. Gloomworms that come too close to the surface of the water are its staple food source.
Garden worms are also hunted by the slickribbon when they retire to the caverns at night. They are more nutritious than gloomworms but more difficult to catch, dodging the hunters with their agile swimming action. The garden worm can also defend itself against a slickribbon by releasing a disgusting cloud of liquid in the path of the predator.