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The Times They Are A-Changin': More Important Stuff on Expert Witnesses
Original Newsletter(s) this article was published in: Blaneys' Coffee House: August 2017
It is trite to say that the hallmark of the Canadian judicial system (and of most common-law jurisdictions) is fairness. In pursuit of preserving that hallmark, the law governing expert witnesses has evolved greatly over the past 20 years. Gone are the days of the 'hired gun' - the biased expert witness, whom a party could retain to do its bidding, and who would say whatever it took to win. Nowadays, expert witnesses must be independent, and advance evidence that is fair, objective and non-partisan, despite who is paying their bills.
In our last newsletter (April 2017: 'DIY': Experts Must Write Their Own Reports), I had talked about the obligation of expert witnesses to write their own reports, and to not have them ghost-written. This mandate contributes to ensuring fairness at trial, and to maintaining the integrity of the justice system.
This article focuses on the role and obligations of the trial judge to ensure that the expert witness does not jeopardize a fair trial.
The Trial
Recently, the Ontario Court of Appeal addressed the important role of the trial judge as gatekeeper, in the context of expert witnesses.
In Bruff-Murphy v. Gunawardena (2017 ONCA 502), the plaintiff had been injured in a motor vehicle accident. The defendant admitted liability, leaving the issue of damages to be resolved by a jury at trial.
The defendant called two expert medical witnesses, one of whom was a psychiatrist. Counsel for the plaintiff objected to the admission of the psychiatrist's testimony, on the basis that the psychiatrist had attacked the plaintiff's credibility, and was biased.
Notwithstanding the plaintiff's objections, the trial judge qualified the expert, and allowed the psychiatrist's evidence to be admitted. During trial, it became obvious that the psychiatrist had adopted the role of advocate, and lacked independence. The trial judge, however, did not raise any concerns with the jury.
Ultimately, the jury awarded the plaintiff the amount of CDN$23,500 for general damages, but rejected all other heads of damages including special damages, future care costs, and past and future income loss.
The Appeal
The plaintiff appealed the damages award, on the basis that the trial had not been fair because of the trial judge's failure to deal with the expert's impropriety.
The Court of Appeal affirmed the following threshold test to qualify a witness and allow his evidence to be admitted:
 1. The evidence must meet the threshold requirement of admissibility: relevance, necessity in assisting the trier of fact, absence of an exclusionary rule, and the need for a properly qualified expert. The essential question, at this preliminary stage, is whether the expert is able and willing to carry out his primary duty to the court.
 2. If the criteria under the first step are met, the trial judge must balance the potential risks and benefits. In other words, she must determine whether the evidence ought to be admitted because its probative value outweighs its prejudicial effect (the 'discretionary gatekeeping step').
It is only after the court has applied this two-pronged analysis that it can be properly determined whether it is probable that the witness' testimony would impair the fairness of the proceeding.
Ongoing Obligation of the Trial Judge
At the qualification stage, although the expert's report provides a roadmap of the anticipated testimony of the expert, and the specific limits to be placed on the scope of that testimony, the trial judge cannot predict, with certainty, the nature or content of the expert's actual testimony. In other words, although the issue of admissibility is determined when the evidence is proffered, and qualification is requested by a party (which is prior to the expert's report being admitted, and before the expert testifies), this does not mean that the expert will, in fact, remain fair, objective and impartial throughout the trial.
If, during the trial, it becomes apparent that the expert lacks independence and poses an acute risk to the fairness of the trial, a judge cannot act as if her job is done. She has an obligation to independently act, regardless of the initial qualification, and whether or not an opposing party makes an objection about the testimony.
Options for the Trial Judge if Prejudice is identified after the Qualification Stage
It was the Court of Appeal's view that, in the face of prejudice after the qualification stage, the trial judge could have:
 1. advised counsel that he was going to instruct the jury that the psychiatrist's evidence would be excluded, in whole or in part. In that event, counsel could have made submissions about the extent of the instruction; or
 2. invited submissions from counsel regarding the prospect of a mistrial.
It is important to note that the plaintiff's counsel did not ask the trial judge to instruct the jury regarding the problem with the psychiatrist's evidence (the general rule is that the failure to object to a civil jury charge is fatal to a request for a re-trial on appeal based on misdirection or non-direction. This rule, however, is subject to an exception: Where the misdirection or non-direction resulted in a substantial wrong or miscarriage of justice, it may warrant a new trial).
The Holding of the Court of Appeal
The court reasoned that if the trial judge had properly applied the two-pronged qualification test (he failed to apply the second prong of the test, altogether), he would have reached the conclusion that the potential risk of admitting the psychiatrist's evidence far outweighed the potential benefit: the psychiatrist lacked independence, was essentially an advocate for the defence, and was coming dangerously close to usurping the role of the jury in assessing the plaintiff's credibility.
The trial judge's inaction resulted in the evidence adversely affecting the fairness of the trial, and ultimately resulted in a miscarriage of justice. The court, therefore, granted the plaintiff's appeal, and ordered a new trial.
It is clear that, had the trial judge intervened and provided options in the face of the prejudice, the chances are that counsel would have rejected a mistrial (a Draconian step) and instead requested that the jury be properly instructed. In that regard, the court commented,
No doubt, another trial will be costly and time consuming, but it is
necessary because the defence proffered the evidence of a wholly
unsuitable expert witness.
So, despite the negative financial repercussions of a second trial, and the consequential adverse impact on the parties, the Court of Appeal chose integrity over efficiency.
What does it all Mean?
Now, there is some certainty about the conduct of the expert witness: the courts have spelled out the expectations of experts, lawyers and courts, in order that fairness will be maintained throughout the process.
A thought came to mind: What does a lawyer do in a highly complex, large-scale case, when she requires technical assistance in order to successfully examine or cross-examine an adverse party? How does she get input from her expert without crossing the line and leading him down the road to impartiality? In circumstances where the budget can tolerate it, it is often worthwhile for the lawyer to retain a second expert, on a short-term basis, who will assist her in successfully prosecuting or defending the case. For example, in a construction claim, the second expert could enhance success by directing the lawyer to ask the right questions of adverse parties, thus eliciting the best evidence. He would not have to maintain independence because he would not be called to testify at trial as an expert witness. If a second expert is not in the budget, then it is important for the lawyer to ensure that her expert witness remains impartial when providing her with technical information and assistance.
Nowadays, the court, the lawyer, and the expert witness each have an independent obligation to ensure that the witness remains impartial and independent, and does not morph into a 'hired gun' at some point during the process.


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The EU's usage of political conditionality for democratization: An assessment for candidates and enp's southern partners
YILDIZ, Uğur Burç
MetadataShow full item record
This article, by applying the ratings of Freedom House, analyzes the effectiveness of the European Union's usage of political conditionality for the democratization of the former and current candidate countries, and Southern partner countries in the European Neighborhood Policy. Political conditionality is the European Union's main strategy to democratize candidate countries. Due to the effectiveness of European Union's political conditionality all former candidates were labeled by Freedom House as liberal democracies before starting accession negotiations with the European Union. The European Union's usage of political conditionality with current candidates has led to democratization of many practices, such as the protection of human rights, minority rights and different cultures. This success is mainly the result of the European Union's membership incentive and, in case of non-compliance, the possibility of high domestic costs for candidates. The European Union has also used political conditionality to democratize its Southern partner countries through its European Neighborhood Policy. However, due to the lack of a membership incentive and domestic costs for these countries, political conditionality has not led to democratization, as clearly shown in Freedom House ratings for these countries since the introduction of the European Neighborhood Policy in 2004.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Awnaba has joined the Adaptavist family!
Awnaba has been acquired by Adaptavist.
Find out more about Adaptavist.
Version 2.2.0 of Project Configurator will help make migrations of both configurations and projects easier and safer by addressing some key challenges we've heard from users.
While planning or working on a migration, many users want to know the right way to handle configuration items that exist both at the source and target instances. Actually, there is not a single "right way" to do that. Sometimes the default behavior of Project Configurator (apply the configuration it had at the source) is correct, but in some other situations you would prefer to rename one of the objects so that they become different unrelated items.
Either way, the first step is detecting these coincidences between the configuration in both instances, that might eventually become a conflict during the migration if they are not intended to represent the same thing. In order to detect them, the JIRA admin running the import would review carefully the trace of a simulated import. This posed two problems. First of all, in migrations of medium or high complexity it can become a time consuming and error-prone task. Second, it would detect only those coincidences that imply changes to the existing configuration of the target object. Most often, this is what a conscious JIRA admin would be after, but in some cases even a coincidence without changes might be relevant. For example, if both instances have a status called "On hold" but meaning two completely different things, you would not want after the migration to have issues that are in the same status, but for two very different reasons.
Version 2.2.0 of Project Configurator addresses these concerns with two new features that will help make migrations of both configurations and projects seamless. The first feature is called "Import conflict detection". If you supply an import file (either XML "config-only" or a zip with complete projects) it will produce a report with all configuration objects in JIRA that will be treated as equivalent to objects represented in the new configuration. So this removes the need to review a simulated import trace to detect the coincidences. All of them are shown in a single report. Even better, the report will also show where those configuration objects are used at the target instance. This facilitates analyzing the impact of the potential conflict and also renaming the coincident object (if this is the chosen option).
The other feature is called the "Used by" report. It shows the dependencies between configuration objects in a JIRA instance, in other words, where they are being used. For example, for what projects has a custom field values in issues? Is a custom field used in any workflow? And a screen? Is this field configuration used for more than one field configuration scheme? The "used by" report provides a compact answer to all these and similar questions. It is also easily navigable, as the user can click on an object that uses another and see where the first one is being used, thus moving up in the chain of dependencies.
We expect this report to be very useful when a JIRA admin wants to reorganize configuration items, for example renaming some of them or making sure that a project does not rely on configuration objects shared with other projects. Or simply when an object is going to be changed and we want to know the impact of that change!


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Photos and VideosMore Photos and Videos
When it happens:
July 28 to Aug. 5
How it became a sport:
Sword fighting has been a method of combat and entertainment for centuries. Popular in medieval Spain, the sport spread as the Spanish explored and conquered new lands. The non-lethal version practiced at the Olympics came about in the 1800s in Italy and has been a staple of the Summer Olympics since 1896.
What it takes:
Superior footwork and fast thinking is key. The ability to out-think your opponent and to decide where to strike next before your opponent can strike is most pivotal. There are three different types of fencing, determined by the kind of weapon used: Epee, Foil and Sabre (see "Lingo" below).
How you win:
Two individuals compete in three 3-minute "bouts." Each time a fencer makes contact with his opponent, a wireless unit tallies the hits. At the end of the ninth round, the individual with the most hits wins and moves on to the next round. Blocking a target or stepping out of the field of play will result in docked points. A referee judges each "bout" with the assistance of a video referee.
Epee: the closest the sport has to an actual dueling sword, it's the heaviest weapon and in its class of competition, your opponent's entire body is a valid target.
Foil: A light sword, with strict "right-of-way" rules; can only strike opponent in torso.
Sabre: A derivation of the cavalry sword, competitors usually strike with the edges of the Sabre anywhere above the waist.
Bout: One 3-minute long competition
Parry: Defensive maneuver to block an aggressive movement by your opponent
Riposte: Scoring a hit after executing a parry
Piste: Field of play

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Information Workers in the Academy: The Case of Librarians and Archivists at The University of Western Ontario
Ephemera: Theory & Politics in Organization
For much of its history, the organizational culture for academic librarians and archivists at The University of Western Ontario was primarily a culture of the practitioner. While librarians and archivists supported teaching, research and service at Western, they did not directly engage in it. As a result of grassroots efforts undertaken by members of Western's academic community in the mid-2000s however, the potential contributions of information workers to the teaching, research and service mandate of University began to garner recognition. Born out of this collective awakening, a successful union drive and shortly thereafter an inaugural Collective Agreement for The University of Western Ontario Faculty Association; Librarians and Archivists (UWOFA-LA). The following contribution describes the shift in organizational culture that is currently underway for the academic community at The University of Western Ontario, and for its information workers in particular. The nature of academic librarians and archivists' digital labour is also examined here.


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Identification. An endometrial brush is a device designed to remove samples of the endometrium (the mucosal lining of the uterus) by brushing its surface. This device is used to study endometrial cytology (cells).
Classification. Class II. The special controls for this device are: (1) FDA's: (i) Use of International Standard ISO 10993 Biological Evaluation of Medical DevicesPart I: Evaluation and Testing, and (ii) 510(k) Sterility Review Guidance of 2/12/90 (K90-1), (2) Labeling: (i) Indication: Only to evaluate the endometrium, and (ii) Contraindications: Pregnancy, history of uterine perforation, or a recent cesarean section, and (3) Design and testing: (i) The sampling component is covered within the vagina, and (ii) For adherence of the bristles and brush head.


The Meaning of a Spider Sighting
Meaning of a Spider Sighting | California Psychics
Regeneration and Patience
When you think of a spider, do you think of darkness, unpredictability, entrapment, fangs, and venom? Or do you think of creativity, balance, regeneration, patience, and courage? The relationship you share with this creature of both light and dark, may determine how its presence plays out in your life.
If you combine the many different cultural beliefs of the spider, there is a suggested connection to its web and the creation of the world. Native Americans see the spider as perched in the center of its web with everything emanating from its centric position. This position also enables the spider to draw things back into itself, thereby becoming both the creator and the destroyer. When you see a spider's web it is a reminder that you are always weaving the outcome of your own future. It is reminding you to balance each strand that will soon become your past, because a web (future) is only as strong (balanced) as the previous weaves before it.
There is a creative energy inside of you, whether it's expressed in the creative arts, or in other ways, it exists. A spider sighting, particularly in a dream, may be a hint to engage those creative juices to weave something new and beautiful into your life. This could refer to your career, your relationships, or in your home life. Spiders are also quick to recognize when it is time to move locations because their web keeps getting knocked down by a gate or the wind. And if your own creative ideas are in a state of constant tear down, it may be time to move to the other side of the garden the next time you rebuild.
A spider's web is an intricate piece of construction, patiently built by the spider. When you see a spider's web, remember that you are in charge of your own life as a spider is the weaver of it's web. It's a reminder to be careful about the choices that you make. Spider webs also symbolize the ability to positively affect your life through your thoughts and actions.
It may take many nights before a spider will receive any benefit from building a web. If you have put a lot into a project, task, relationship, or a dream, a spider may be reminding you to look back over what you've built and see if there are some threads you've yet to connect. It could also be a reminder to pay closer attention to opportunities you are missing.
The spider has anywhere from two to eight eyes at its disposal, each offering a slightly different viewpoint on the world. A sighting could be a reminder to look at a particularly troublesome situation from a variety of vantage points, including the ones from the people around you.
Consider if the fear of where a decision could take you may be the true source of any darkness you're experiencing. If this is the case, keep in mind that young spiders cast a strand of silk for the wind to carry them to new areas – sometimes they fly only a few feet, other times they can cross entire oceans. The only way to control the distance is to never throw out the entire strand, but that is no different than choosing to remain within the shadow of your true potential.
Infinite Possibilities
Spiders have both eight legs and eight eyes, and the number eight is associated with the concept of infinity. Now, picture yourself in the center of a spider's web, with each strand as a path that you can take in your life. You are standing in the center of infinite possibilities, which can be both frightening and exhilarating. Place your faith (not your fear) within the spider to give you the courage to face the changes that must come as you begin your next journey down one of these paths, for a spider sighting is also a symbol of luck and a sign for change. So, when you see a spider, know that a change, or a time when you'll have to make a decision is coming.
The Spider in a Dream
A spider in a dream can mean several different things, and it's very important to analyze how you are feeling when dealing with the spider at the time. If you are frightened it could mean that you fear you're not living up to your highest potential. If you want to kill the spider in you dream, it means that you need to release some tension in your life.
Not all spider dreams are negative though. If you dream of a spider building a web, it means that you are likely to build something in your life that will lead to your happiness. Spiders are also considered lucky, so if you don't experience any feelings of fear or anxiety during the dream, it could be a good omen.
Don't Panic!
It's not uncommon to be frightened when a spider appears, but don't immediately swat it away. Take a moment to contemplate what the spider may be trying to tell you about your day or a situation you're grappling with. They may have fresh insight for you.
About California Psychics
2 thoughts on "The Meaning of a Spider Sighting
 1. Dawn
 Thank you for the insightful information that I receive. It is very helpful to me. I look for signs and meanings throughout my daily life. Xox
 2. trachelle gilchrist
 This literally gave me the chills because I just seen a spider and it was right next to me so when I seen this in my email I got emotional
Leave a Reply


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Let's go to the circus! Kids learn to love math when they understand how math can be used in their lives. Using word problems to connect math concepts to real experiences, this circus math printable worksheet will help connect addition to fun, real-life examples.
Word problems are important because they:
- Inspire higher-order thinking
- Connect math concepts to real-life
- Encourage creativity
When literacy and numeracy skills combine, kids will strengthen multiple skills, while understanding how math can come alive in their own world. Ignite their passion for word problems with this fun circus-themed worksheet!
Grades: More Worksheets


Use of Drumming in Trauma Support Therapy
Imagine sitting down in a quiet room with your therapist, and enjoy being around with the peaceful drumming sounds and relaxing vibes. The first thing which most likely to come across your mind, would be an inner sound that engages your attention and thoughts.
"Relax, embrace your inner peace." The calming guidance directs people to its gate of another world, and it would be a beautiful view inside the state of mind.
 If one could experience such things with another trusted person, drumming is definitely one of them. Drumming is an approach to trauma support therapy to create a healing environment for clients. It has been used to provide pleasant health care, both for physical and mental health, from the origin of various traditions.
The therapeutic effects of drumming work on healing people through using the rhythm, and it helps our body release emotional trauma, pain, and negativities.
Drumming is an activity that involves making rhythm with drums, with a therapist or other clients during a trauma support therapy. While drumming rhythm gets inside our mind and brain, it actually produces a harmony that is healthy to our body. It sounds really cool, isn't it?
Drumming has been relating to multiple benefits and healing effects in trauma support therapy.
Drumming helps our mind gets rid of negativities and unhealthy thoughts. Negative emotions, including anger, stress, anxiety, and tension, are reduced during the relaxation induced by drumming rhythm. It instead replenishes our mind with well-being, comfort, and positivities. Healing emotional traumas is no longer something to worry about, as ongoing positive emotions keep healing our soul.
That's why drumming could be used in trauma support therapy for a broad range of health care. Such as healing mental illness, stabilizing mood, recovering addicts, and healing emotional trauma.
Besides, drumming is also a perfect choice for treating physical health problems related to trauma support therapy. As our minds are getting into the natural state of rhythm, neurological and physiological systems are boosted in our bodies. So, it is excellent for helping to release chronic pain caused by traumas and improving the quality of life as well.
Drumming is a great alternative treatment that can be used in various trauma support therapies. You can make as little effort to easily start taking care of your mind by receiving the benefits of drumming, which continually heal your mind on a regular basis.
It helps our mind become stronger and healthier, so that all the negative emotions will be drumming out.
,,,


Adopt Genetically Modified crops to increase yields - Prof Nketsia-Tabiri
Accra, March 31, GNA - Professor Josephine Nketsia-Tabiri, Director of Biotechnology and Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute (BNARI), has called on farmers to embrace the application Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) to increase crop yields and help sustain socio-economic sustainability.
She said the adoption of biotechnology would not increase production but also fight insects to enable farmers to save money for other uses.
"Some critical challenges facing farmers including weeds, pests and diseases, spoilage due to over-ripening, inadequate irrigation and lack of mechanization can be addressed through effective application of biotechnology", she added.
Prof Nketsia-Tabiri made the call during the third monthly session meeting of Open Forum on Agricultural Biotechnology in Africa (OFAB) on theme "Biotechnology: The Ghanaian farmers' perception and perspective " at the weekend in Accra.
The meeting brought together about 100 farmers across the country to interact with scientists and policy makers to be educated on the importance of biotechnology and the bio safety law.
The initiative served as a platform for the farmers to share knowledge and experiences and explore new avenues in the biotechnology sector.
Prof Nketsia-Tabiri said biotechnology was like any technological application that used biological systems, living organisms to make or modify products adding that if it's properly harnessed it could augur well for the development of the agricultural sector of the country.
She encouraged farmers to patronize biotechnology since the law had been passed to enable Ghana to allow the application of biotechnology in food crop production.
Mr Joseph Kwansah, a vegetable farmer, called on government to often organize workshops for farmers to be educated on modern agricultural methods to improve skills for the development of the agricultural sector.
He urged extension officers to regularly visit rural farming communities to know their problems and provide solutions to them.


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Opportunities and Challenges in High Pressure Processing of Foods
By Rastogi, N K; Raghavarao, K S M S; Balasubramaniam, V M; Niranjan, K; Knorr, D
Consumers increasingly demand convenience foods of the highest quality in terms of natural flavor and taste, and which are free from additives and preservatives. This demand has triggered the need for the development of a number of nonthermal approaches to food processing, of which high-pressure technology has proven to be very valuable. A number of recent publications have demonstrated novel and diverse uses of this technology. Its novel features, which include destruction of microorganisms at room temperature or lower, have made the technology commercially attractive. Enzymes and even spore forming bacteria can be inactivated by the application of pressure-thermal combinations, This review aims to identify the opportunities and challenges associated with this technology. In addition to discussing the effects of high pressure on food components, this review covers the combined effects of high pressure processing with: gamma irradiation, alternating current, ultrasound, and carbon dioxide or anti-microbial treatment. Further, the applications of this technology in various sectors-fruits and vegetables, dairy, and meat processing-have been dealt with extensively. The integration of high-pressure with other matured processing operations such as blanching, dehydration, osmotic dehydration, rehydration, frying, freezing / thawing and solidliquid extraction has been shown to open up new processing options. The key challenges identified include: heat transfer problems and resulting non-uniformity in processing, obtaining reliable and reproducible data for process validation, lack of detailed knowledge about the interaction between high pressure, and a number of food constituents, packaging and statutory issues.
Keywords high pressure, food processing, non-thermal processing
Consumers demand high quality and convenient products with natural flavor and taste, and greatly appreciate the fresh appearance of minimally processed food. Besides, they look for safe and natural products without additives such as preservatives and humectants. In order to harmonize or blend all these demands without compromising the safety of the products, it is necessary to implement newer preservation technologies in the food industry. Although the fact that "high pressure kills microorganisms and preserves food" was discovered way back in 1899 and has been used with success in chemical, ceramic, carbon allotropy, steel/alloy, composite materials and plastic industries for decades, it was only in late 1980′s that its commercial benefits became available to the food processing industries. High pressure processing (HPP) is similar in concept to cold isostatic pressing of metals and ceramics, except that it demands much higher pressures, faster cycling, high capacity, and sanitation (Zimmerman and Bergman, 1993; Mertens and Deplace, 1993). Hite (1899) investigated the application of high pressure as a means of preserving milk, and later extended the study to preserve fruits and vegetables (Hite, Giddings, and Weakly, 1914). It then took almost eighty years for Japan to rediscover the application of high-pressure in food processing. The use of this technology has come about so quickly that it took only three years for two Japanese companies to launch products, which were processed using this technology. The ability of high pressure to inactivate microorganisms and spoilage catalyzing enzymes, whilst retaining other quality attributes, has encouraged Japanese and American food companies to introduce high pressure processed foods in the market (Mermelstein, 1997; Hendrickx, Ludikhuyze, Broeck, and Weemaes, 1998). The first high pressure processed foods were introduced to the Japanese market in 1990 by Meidi-ya, who have been marketing a line of jams, jellies, and sauces packaged and processed without application of heat (Thakur and Nelson, 1998). Other products include fruit preparations, fruit juices, rice cakes, and raw squid in Japan; fruit juices, especially apple and orange juice, in France and Portugal; and guacamole and oysters in the USA (Hugas, Garcia, and Monfort, 2002). In addition to food preservation, highpressure treatment can result in food products acquiring novel structure and texture, and hence can be used to develop new products (Hayashi, 1990) or increase the functionality of certain ingredients. Depending on the operating parameters and the scale of operation, the cost of highpressure treatment is typically around US$ 0.05-0.5 per liter or kilogram, the lower value being comparable to the cost of thermal processing (Thakur and Nelson, 1998; Balasubramaniam, 2003).
The non-availability of suitable equipment encumbered early applications of high pressure. However, recent progress in equipment design has ensured worldwide recognition of the potential for such a technology in food processing (Could, 1995; Galazka and Ledward, 1995; Balci and Wilbey, 1999). Today, high-pressure technology is acknowledged to have the promise of producing a very wide range of products, whilst simultaneously showing potential for creating a new generation of value added foods. In general, high-pressure technology can supplement conventional thermal processing for reducing microbial load, or substitute the use of chemical preservatives (Rastogi, Subramanian, and Raghavarao, 1994).
Over the past two decades, this technology has attracted considerable research attention, mainly relating to: i) the extension of keeping quality (Cheftel, 1995; Farkas and Hoover, 2001), ii) changing the physical and functional properties of food systems (Cheftel, 1992), and iii) exploiting the anomalous phase transitions of water under extreme pressures, e.g. lowering of freezing point with increasing pressures (Kalichevsky, Knorr, and Lillford, 1995; Knorr, Schlueter, and Heinz, 1998). The key advantages of this technology can be summarized as follows:
1. it enables food processing at ambient temperature or even lower temperatures;
2. it enables instant transmittance of pressure throughout the system, irrespective of size and geometry, thereby making size reduction optional, which can be a great advantage;
3. it causes microbial death whilst virtually eliminating heat damage and the use of chemical preservatives/additives, thereby leading to improvements in the overall quality of foods; and
4. it can be used to create ingredients with novel functional properties.
The effect of high pressure on microorganisms and proteins/ enzymes was observed to be similar to that of high temperature. As mentioned above, high pressure processing enables transmittance of pressure rapidly and uniformly throughout the food. Consequently, the problems of spatial variations in preservation treatments associated with heat, microwave, or radiation penetration are not evident in pressure-processed products. The application of high pressure increases the temperature of the liquid component of the food by approximately 3C per 100 MPa. If the food contains a significant amount of fat, such as butter or cream, the temperature rise is greater (8-9C/100 MPa) (Rasanayagam, Balasubramaniam, Ting, Sizer, Bush, and Anderson, 2003). Foods cool down to their original temperature on decompression if no heat is lost to (or gained from) the walls of the pressure vessel during the holding stage. The temperature distribution during the pressure-holding period can change depending on heat transfer across the walls of the pressure vessel, which must be held at the desired temperature for achieving truly isothermal conditions. In the case of some proteins, a gel is formed when the rate of compression is slow, whereas a precipitate is formed when the rate is fast. High pressure can cause structural changes in structurally fragile foods containing entrapped air such as strawberries or lettuce. Cell deformation and cell damage can result in softening and cell serum loss. Compression may also shift the pH depending on the imposed pressure. Heremans (1995) indicated a lowering of pH in apple juice by 0.2 units per 100 MPa increase in pressure. In combined thermal and pressure treatment processes, Meyer (2000) proposed that the heat of compression could be used effectively, since the temperature of the product can be raised from 70-90C to 105-120C by a compression to 700 MPa, and brought back to the initial temperature by decompression.
As a thermodynamic parameter, pressure has far-reaching effects on the conformation of macromolecules, the transition temperature of lipids and water, and a number of chemical reactions (Cheftel, 1992; Tauscher, 1995). Phenomena that are accompanied by a decrease in volume are enhanced by pressure, and vice-versa (principle of Le Chatelier). Thus, under pressure, reaction equilibriums are shifted towards the most compact state, and the reaction rate constant is increased or decreased, depending on whether the "activation volume" of the reaction (i.e. volume of the activation complex less volume of reactants) is negative or positive. It is likely that pressure a\lso inhibits the availability of the activation energy required for some reactions, by affecting some other energy releasing enzymatic reactions (Farr, 1990). The compression energy of 1 litre of water at 400 MPa is 19.2 kJ, as compared to 20.9 kJ for heating 1 litre of water from 20 to 25C. The low energy levels involved in pressure processing may explain why covalent bonds of food constituents are usually less affected than weak interactions. Pressure can influence most biochemical reactions, since they often involve change in volume


To: J3 J3/14-158 From: Reinhold Bader Subject: atomic subroutine semantics and example for Annex Date: 2014 May 26 References: N1999, N2007 Discussion: ~~~~~~~~~~~ Starting from my comments on section A.3.2.2 in N1999, this paper proposes a rewording of the text that defines the atomic subroutine semantics as well as addition of another example to A.3.2.2. The text in N2007/[34:4-7] does not appear in section 7.2; conversely, the changes made in 7.2 are not completely applied in section 8.8. Fixes for both these issues are included. EDITS to N2007: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ [17:12-15] Replace "The effect... any other." by "For any two executions of atomic subroutines in unordered segments by different images on the same atomic object, the effect is as if one of the executions is performed before the other in one segment on a single image, without access to the object in either execution interleaving with access to the object in the other. Which is executed first is indeterminate." [[Reword in terms of the simplest building block that provides full generality, based on a suggestion by John Reid. Assure that the implementation is obliged to make the effect of all atomic updates visible on all images, independent of the presence of image control statements. "processor-dependent" appears misleading since the ordering may change between subsequent program runs as well as appear to be different on different images.]] [17:16+] After "2010.", insert "If two variables on image P are updated by a sequence of atomic memory operations, and the changes to them are observed by atomic accesses from an unordered segment on image Q, the changes need not be observed on image Q in the same order as they are made on image P, even if the updates on image P are made in ordered segments." [[This is a reworded version of the text from [34:4-7] essentially suggested by Bill Long, including a replacement of "sequence or atomic" by "sequence of atomic" - presumably a typo. Also, I've moved the text to an earlier location since this seems topically appropriate; in fact it may be desirable to turn [17:16-19] "For invocation... atomic action." into a separate para.]] [17:19+] Add "NOTE 7.1- These properties support the use of atomic subroutines for designing customized synchronization mechanisms. The programmer needs to account for all possible orderings of sequences of atomic subroutine executions that may arise as a consequence of the above rules; the orderings may appear to be different on different images for the same program run." [[The above is intended to replace NOTE 13.1 of 10-007]] [34:1-7] Replace para by {In 13.1 Classes of intrinsic procedures, replace paragraph 3 by paragraph 1 [[maybe 1 and 2, see above]] of 7.2 Atomic subroutines, with these changes: Delete "of ISO/IEC 1539-1:2010"} {In 13.1 Classes of intrinsic procedures, replace the text of NOTE 13.1 with that of NOTE 7.1- in 7.2 Atomic subroutines.} [47:26+] "Example 4: Assuming the declarations INTEGER(ATOMIC_INT_KIND) :: x[*]= 0, z = 0 the statements CALL ATOMIC_ADD(x[1], 1)! (A) IF (THIS_IMAGE() == 2) THEN wait : DO CALL ATOMIC_REF(z, x[1])! (B) IF (z == NUM_IMAGES()) EXIT wait END DO : wait! (C) END IF will execute the "wait" loop on image 2 until all images have completed statement (A). The updates of x[1] are performed by each image in the same manner, but arbitrary order. Because the result from the complete set of updates will eventually become visible by execution of statement (B) for some loop iteration on image 2, the termination condition is guaranteed to be eventually fulfilled, provided that no image failure occurs, no image branches around the above code, and no other code is executed in an unordered segment that performs updates to x[1]. Furthermore, if two SYNC MEMORY statements are inserted in the above code before statement (A) and after statement (C), respectively, the segment started by the second SYNC MEMORY on image 2 is ordered after the segments on all images that end with the first SYNC MEMORY."


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Return to content in this issue
Comparison of intact allergen extracts and allergoids for subcutaneous immunotherapy - the effect of chemical modification differs both between species and between individual allergen molecules
Henmar H, Nedergaard Larsen J, Lund L, Hvalsøe Meno K, Ferreras M
ALK-Abelló A/S, Research Department, Hørsholm, Denmark
J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2023; Vol. 33(3)
Background: Allergen products for subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) contain intact allergen extracts or chemically modified allergoids. Chemical modification was introduced to reduce allergenicity while retaining immunogenicity and thereby enable safer and more efficient allergy immunotherapy.
Methods: Experimental allergoids were produced from intact allergen extract for birch, grass and house dust mite (HDM) to evaluate the effects of chemical modification. Preparations were compared with commercial allergoids and analysed by SDS-PAGE/immunoblotting, IgE-inhibition assays, and crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE). Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p) vaccines were also tested for protease activity and immunizing capacity in a mouse model.
Results: The composition of IgE-binding epitopes in allergoids differed from intact allergen vaccines. Birch and grass allergoids produced smears of protein aggregates on SDS-PAGE, whereas intact allergen preparations showed distinct protein bands as expected. Der p allergoid vaccines, however, showed a distinct protein band corresponding to major allergen Der p 1 in both SDS-PAGE and CIE analysis, and commercial Der p allergoid vaccines showed Der p 1-related cysteine protease activity.
Conclusion: Allergoids and intact allergen preparations differ with respect to the composition of IgE-binding epitopes, however, chemical cross-linking does not affect every allergen molecule to a similar degree. Der p 1, for example remains largely unmodified. Furthermore, the investigational HDM allergoid vaccines showed reduced and delayed immune responses when used for immunisation of mice.
Key words: Allergoid, Immunotherapy, Hourse dust mite, Allergenicity, Allergy vaccine


Tag Archives: FMLA
Six Tips for Safe and Fair Holiday Employment
This time of year, many people get holiday jobs to earn extra money. That means some people will get injured at work and run into other difficulties working holiday jobs. Here are six tips on how to deal with the workplace challenges arising from holiday jobs. These tips for safe and fair employment apply just as well to any second job, not just a holiday job.
 1. Just because you have a "holiday job" doesn't necessarily make you a seasonal employee: In some states, including my home state of Nebraska, employees can have their benefits reduced if they are a "seasonal employee." However, even if you have a holiday job, your job may not be seasonal. In Nebraska, "seasonal employment" is defined as a job that is dependent on weather or can only be done during certain times of the year. For example, if you hurt your back working at an electronics store at your holiday job, that employment is not seasonal because you can work at an electronics or really most any retail store at any time of the year.
 2. You can't be paid workers' compensation for how your holiday or second job affects your regular job: If you are off work at your regular job because of an injury at your second job or holiday job, you are only paid income-replacement benefits for the income you lost at your holiday job or second job. For example in Nebraska, if you were hurt at your holiday/second job that pays $120 per week and you are unable to do your regular job that pays $600 per week, your only income benefit would be two-thirds of your second/holiday job, which would be $80. Employees should be extra cautious in second jobs or holiday jobs for just that reason. Employees should also consider applying for private disability plans if they plan on having a second job in order to account for the possibility of losing income due to an injury at their second job. In short, employees should do a thorough cost-benefit analysis before taking a holiday job or second job.
 3. Your permanent disability benefits could be better than your temporary benefits: In full-time employment, permanent and temporary disability benefits are generally fairly close. But with part-time employment, permanent disability benefits may be much higher than temporary benefits. In my state of Nebraska, temporary benefits are paid based on a typical work week. For example, if you are a part-timer working 12 hours a week at $10 per hour, your temporary disability pay would be $80 a week. However, in Nebraska and some other states, permanent disability is based on no less than a 40-hour week. So if you are a part-timer getting paid $10 per hour, your permanent disability rate would be $266.67 per month. This is good for employees, because serious injuries will usually have permanent effects that can permanently affect an employee's ability to earn a living.
 If you are an injured part-time worker and your insurance company is trying to force you to take a settlement based on your part-time wage rate, you should consult with an attorney in your state.
 4. Your employer/insurer may be low-balling your wage rate: Say you get paid $8 an hour as a barista but you have an agreement to share tips, or you work in retail but you get store credit, or you teach exercise classes at a health club but you have an agreement that you get a free membership. In any of those scenarios, you could possibly use those benefits to increase your loss-of-income benefits.
 5. You are still protected by most fair-employment laws: Part-timers are still covered by most fair-employment laws. The most glaring exception is likely the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA), which provides 12 weeks of unpaid leave and job protection for employees with a serious health condition, to care for a close family member with a serious health condition, or take care of a close family member who is affected by a military deployment. FMLA requires 1,250 hours worked in the last calendar year and 1 year of employment. That 1,250 hours a year translates to roughly 24 hours a week. Many people working second jobs don't meet the eligibility standards for FMLA.
 6. Independent contractor, independent conschmacktor: Many holiday employees do fairly low-wage work that doesn't require any specialized training or education. If this describes your holiday job or second job, then you are an employee, despite the fact that your company may have classified you as an independent contractor. Since you are an employee, you should be covered by workers' compensation law. If you are misclassified as an independent contractor, you should look for other employment and consider reporting your unscrupulous employer to the United States Department of Labor or to your state's department of labor.
Prior results do not guarantee outcomes.
Attorney Advertising.


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TSCU (True Speed Calibration Unit)
TSCU eliminates speedometer error due to locomotive wheel wear. The TSCU installs between the locomotive axle speed pickup and the locomotive speed indicator. The TSCU uses The Global Positioning System (GPS) to generate a speed signal correction factor that automatically corrects the speed indicator signal thus providing an exact speed indication regardless of wheel wear. This new product is already in use by two class 1 railroads. Kit includes the TSCU unit, cables, mounting bracket and instructions for installation which takes between 1-2 hours. Wireless access to unit allows information retrieval including current and historical wheel measurement.


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More than designing the new square, Plecnik introduced some modifications in most elements in this area. For instance, he replaced the column holding the Virgin's statue cast in 1682, by a new one, moving a fountain to another place in the gardened area.
The southernmost point of the touristy old town is this square, redesigned by Plecnik in 1927. Some old buildings were left, as, for instance, Gruber palace, a Baroque construction from the end of the 18th century.
Another square named after famous slovenian, this time after the writer Fran Levstik, and again it was created by Joze Plecnik in first half of the last century. It was built on the remains of previous square which had been destroyed in fire in 18th century.
In the centre of Levstikov trg, which lies just south of Stari trg, is the Hercules Fountain. The actual statue you see today is a copy of the original 17th century statue which know resides in the Town Hall.
This square beside St James' Church was built on the site of the Jesuit college which burnt down. The column, topped with a statue by the Salzburg-based artist Wolf Weisskirchner, was erected in 1682 in thanksgiving for the fact that the Slovenian lands had been spared from the Turkish rule. The column was moved to its present position by architect Jože Pleènik, who redesigned the square in 1927.
St James Church was built by Jesuits between 1613 and 1615 on the site next to the former Jesuit monastery (Ljubljana's first college of theology, philosophy, medicine and music), which was previously occupied by an old Gothic church. The Jesuits' early Baroque hall church was thoroughly rebuilt around 1701. Its new altar and statues were sculpted between 1728 and 1732 by Francesco Robba, who lived in the vicinity of the church. After the earthquake of 1895, the church's two belfries had to be pulled down and a single new belfry (the highest in Ljubljana) was built in their place. The octangular Chapel of St. Francis Xavier, modelled on Venetian architecture and extravagantly decorated with ornate plasterwork, was added to the church between 1667 and 1670. The chapel boasts a famous altar built between 1709 and 1720, which is adorned with Paolo Groppelli's statues of archangels and Jacopo Contieri's statues of Europe and Africa.
St. James' Church is located at the southeastern part of Levstikov Square. It was built between 1613 and 1615 on the place of a former, gothic, church. At first, it had two belltowers, but after the earthquake of 1895, the church was partly destroyed. It was reconstructed with a single belltower only.
Inside of the church, you will find some interesting artworks, including an altar by Francesco Robba.
Next to the church, there is a small quare which was the site of a former jesuite college. There, you will find St. Mary's column with a statue of the virgin on top of it. The square was redesigned by Joze Plecnik in 1927.
Unlike some other "squares" in the old town, Levstikov Trg is a real square. Although it is located close to very lively streets like Stari Trg or Cankarjevo Nabrezje, it is not that frequented. Levstikov Trg is famous for a Hercules Fountain standing in the middle of it. It seems that the fountain was covered when I was in Ljubljana (April 2006) - perhaps due to reconstruction works, but perhaps also to prevent the fountain from damage of the hard winter weather. However, the fountain is just a replica. The original is now located in the city hall.
The centre of Levstikov Square is the Hercules Fountain, a copy of a 17th century statue standing in the town hall. On the Southeast side is the church of St.James which you can visit from 7am-12.30pm and 3pm-8pm.
Grand Hotel Union - Executive Ljubljana
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Question: Who Actually Found America?
Why do they call Native Americans Indians?
What is the oldest Native American tribe?
Why is America called America?
America is named after Amerigo Vespucci, the Italian explorer who set forth the then revolutionary concept that the lands that Christopher Columbus sailed to in 1492 were part of a separate continent. … He included on the map data gathered by Vespucci during his voyages of _PHONE_ to the New World.
Who accidentally discovered America?
explorer Christopher ColumbusThe explorer Christopher Columbus made four trips across the Atlantic Ocean from Spain: in 1492, 1493, 1498 and 1502. He was determined to find a direct water route west from Europe to Asia, but he never did. Instead, he stumbled upon the Americas.
Did the Chinese discover America first?
Last week came purported evidence that the Chinese admiral Zheng He sailed his great fleet of junks round the world a century before Columbus, Da Gama and Magellan. …
What year did China discover America?
1421His 2003 book, entitled "1421: The Year China Discovered America" (William Morrow/HarperCollins), laid out extensive but widely disputed evidence that Zheng He sailed to the east coast of today's United States in 1421 and may have left settlements in South America.
Where did Columbus land first?
On August 3, 1492, Columbus set sail from Spain to find an all-water route to Asia. On October 12, more than two months later, Columbus landed on an island in the Bahamas that he called San Salvador; the natives called it Guanahani.
Who actually discovered America first?
Leif Eriksson Day commemorates the Norse explorer believed to have led the first European expedition to North America. Nearly 500 years before the birth of Christopher Columbus, a band of European sailors left their homeland behind in search of a new world.
What nationality came to America first?
Colonial America (_PHONE_) European nations came to the Americas to increase their wealth and broaden their influence over world affairs. The Spanish were among the first Europeans to explore the New World and the first to settle in what is now the United States.
Who found China?
Much of traditional Chinese culture, literature and philosophy first developed during those troubled times. In 221 BC, Qin Shi Huang conquered the various warring states and created for himself the title of Huangdi or "emperor" of the Qin, marking the beginning of imperial China.
Where did Indians come from?
Indian population originated in 3 migration waves from Africa, Iran & Asia. The Indian population originated from three separate waves of migration from Africa, Iran and Central Asia over a period of 50,000 years, scientists have found using genetic evidence from people alive in the subcontinent today.
Where did Christopher Columbus actually land in 1492?
On October 12, 1492, Italian explorer Christopher Columbus made landfall in what is now the Bahamas. Columbus and his ships landed on an island that the native Lucayan people called Guanahani. Columbus renamed it San Salvador.
Where did Columbus think landed?
Who Found America Native American?
Christopher ColumbusIn 1492, Christopher Columbus landed in the Caribbean, unlocking what Europeans quickly came to call the 'New World'. Columbus 'found' a land with around two million inhabitants.
When did Indians come to America?
15,000 years agoThe ancestors of living Native Americans arrived in what is now the United States at least 15,000 years ago, possibly much earlier, from Asia via Beringia. A vast variety of peoples, societies and cultures subsequently developed.
What did Native Americans call America?
Turtle Island is a name for the Earth or for North America, used by some Native American and First Nations people and by some Indigenous rights activists.


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Inferring Multilateral Peering
The AS topology incompleteness problem is derived from difficulties in the discovery of p2p links, and is amplified by the increasing popularity of Internet eXchange Points (IXPs) to support peering interconnection. We describe, implement, and validate a method for discovering currently invisible IXP peering links by mining BGP communities used by IXP route servers to implement multilateral peering (MLP), including communities that signal the intent to restrict announcements to a subset of participants at a given IXP. Using route server data juxtaposed with a mapping of BGP community values, we can infer 206K p2p links from 13 large European IXPs, four times more p2p links than what is directly observable in public BGP data. The advantages of the proposed technique are threefold. First, it utilizes existing BGP data sources and does not require the deployment of additional vantage points nor the acquisition of private data. Second, it requires only a few active queries, facilitating repeatability of the measurements. Finally, it offers a new source of data regarding the dense establishment of MLP at IXPs.


Learning Relation Entailment with Structured and Textual Information
Zhengbao JiangJun ArakiDonghan Yu, Ruohong Zhang, Wei Xu, Yiming YangGraham Neubig.
Learning to predict relation entailment using both structured and textual information
Relations among words and entities are important for semantic understanding of text, but previous work has largely not considered relations between relations, or meta-relations. In this paper, we specifically examine relation entailment, where the existence of one relation can entail the existence of another relation. Relation entailment allows us to construct relation hierarchies, enabling applications in representation learning, question answering, relation extraction, and summarization. To this end, we formally define the new task of predicting relation entailment and construct a dataset by expanding the existing Wikidata relation hierarchy without expensive human intervention. We propose several methods that incorporate both structured and textual information to represent relations for this task. Experiments and analysis demonstrate that this task is challenging, and we provide insights into task characteristics that may form a basis for future work. The dataset and code have been released at _URL_
title={Learning Relation Entailment with Structured and Textual Information},
author={Zhengbao Jiang and Jun Araki and Donghan Yu and Ruohong Zhang and Wei Xu and Yiming Yang and Graham Neubig},
booktitle={Automated Knowledge Base Construction},


Lahey/GNU Fortran
MSBuild is Microsoft's XML-based build system. It is integrated with Visual Studio, but it can also be used on the command line. This section briefly describes how to use MSBuild to build Fortran projects from the command line. For a comprehensive description of MSBuild, see the MSDN documentation for msbuild.exe.
Building a Fortran Project
A Fortran project is built by passing MSBuild the project name. For example, the following command will build the Demo project when it is issued in the directory where the project file exists:
 msbuild demo.lfproj
Note: MSBuild will not create directories for you, they must already exist when running MSBuild from the command line.
Building Fortran Targets
Fortran targets can be built with the /target: option. For example, to clean the Demo project, use the following command:
 msbuild /target:Clean demo.lfproj
The default targets provided with every Fortran project are:
Setting Properties
Properties are set with the /property: option. For example, to build the Release version of the Demo project, use the following:
 msbuild /property:Configuration=Release demo.lfproj
Compiler options can be set as properties for the entire project, but not for individual files. Compile-time options can be sent to the compiler using the "CompileOptions" property. Link-time options can be sent to the compiler using the "LinkOptions" property. When multiple properties are specified, they are separated with semicolons. Each property should contain options just as they are sent to the compiler. If an option contains a space, the entire option string should be enclosed in quotes. Multiple options should be separated with a vertical bar. For example, to specify the compiler options -ap -chk, and the linker option -staticlib use the command:
 msbuild /property:compileoptions="-ap|-chk";linkoptions="-staticlink" demo.lfproj


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On May 19, 2011, Parks Canada celebrates its 100th anniversary, commemorating its founding in 1911 as the world's first national parks service. Preceding the creation of the National Park Service in the United States by more than five years, the federal government of Canada created a new unit within the Department of the Interior, known as the Dominion Parks Branch, to oversee and administer the country's forest reserves and a nascent assemblage of western national parks. Over the course of the next century this government agency would, as Canadian historian Claire Campbell writes, "convince Canadians that in their national parks resided the true wealth of a kingdom."
In recognition of this occasion, the Network in Canadian History and Environment sponsored the publication of a new edited collection called A Century of Parks Canada, _PHONE_ that explores episodes of Canada's national parks history from coast to coast to coast. This book is the first to be published in NiCHE's Canadian History and Environment series in partnership with the University of Calgary Press as an open access publication. Listeners can download a digital copy and order a print copy today from the book's website.
This book features the work of leading environmental history researchers who met to circulate papers covering a range of topics in Canadian national parks history, including wildlife management, archaeology, Aboriginal peoples and parks policy, population displacement, auto-tourism, and hunting.
On this episode of the podcast, we speak with the editor of A Century of Parks Canada, Claire Campbell, and two of the contributing authors, George Colpitts and Gwynn Langemann.
Please be sure to take a moment and review this podcast on our iTunes page.


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Jumping droplets key to energy efficient products
Microscopic water droplets jumping from one surface to another could hold the key to a wide array of more energy efficient products — from large solar panels to compact laptop computers, say scientists.
A team at Duke University has, in fact, developed a new way of producing thermal diodes, devices which regulate heat to preferentially flow in a certain direction, effectively creating a thermal conductor in the forward direction and an insulator in the reverse direction.
While thermal diodes can be made from solid materials, these solid-state diodes are not nearly as effective as "phase-change" thermal diodes that rely on vaporisation and condensation to transport heat, say the scientists.
These phase-change diodes can transfer over a hundred times more heat in the forward direction compared to the reverse, but with major limitations — they are dependent on gravity or restricted by a tubular configuration.
These limitations severely constrain the application of phase-change thermal diodes, for example, in mobile electronics which require orientation independence or solar panels which require a large surface area.
The Duke engineers believe they have figured out a way to solve these limitations to existing thermal diodes by exploiting self-propelled water droplets, which can jump from a superhydrophobic (highly water-repellent) surface to a superhydrophilic (highly absorbent) surface, but not the other way around.


)
 - Similarly, side 2 selects a random 1 <= f < (p-1)/2, computes the values Q_i = (F_i)^(2f) mod p, shuffles those values, and sends those values to side 1.
Phase 2:
 - Side 1 takes the values it gets from side 2 Q_i, computes R_i = (Q_i)^e mod p, shuffles those values into random order, and sends those values to side 2
 - Similarly, side 2 takes the values it gets from side 1 P_i, computes S_i = (P_i)^f mod p, shuffles those values into random order, and sends those values to side 1.
 - Both sides count how many values occur in common between R_i and S_i; that's how many common elements there were in the original sets.
share|improve this answer
A very clever attempt!, but unfortunately your scheme is not secure: it leaks partial information about the sets. For instance, if side 1's set is of the form {a,a^2}, then side 2 can learn this fact (by noticing that P_2 = (P_1)^2 mod p). Or if side 1's set is of the form {a,b,a*b}, then side 2 can detect this. I don't know if this is the only weakness, but in many applications it will probably be enough to reject the protocol. Fortunately, there exist solutions that don't have this weakness; see my answer. – D.W. Aug 18 '11 at 7:49
Your Answer


Nutritional Value:
1/2 cup provides 2g of protein, 50% of the recommended daily intake of folate 200mcg, 30% of the magnesium 120mcg, 250mg of the sodium, a high dose of iodine, some calcium, copper, iron, and potassium in 50 calories.
Kombu Seaweed
Seaweed is a tasty vegetable. Kombu is a type of kelp, a brown plant and one of the most common seaweeds used to flavor soup stock and salad dressings. They provide more calcium and magnesium than Laver seaweed and are lower in sodium than Wakame seaweed.
Kombu seaweed provides a high-dose of:
Iodine, needed by the thyroid gland to make the hormones that regulate body metabolism.
Kombu seaweed provides a good-dose of:
Kombu seaweed provides some:
Magnesium, a mineral that relaxes blood vessels improving blood flow and nutrient delivery while lowering blood pressure. A perfect mineral for a healthy cardiovascular system and effective energy metabolism. Stimulates bone growth and necessary for muscle function.
Kelp tablets can cause an outbreak of acne, cause thyroid disorders, and iron overload.


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University of Nebraska researchers, recognizing current interest in the growing and feeding of high-oil corn (HOC) to pigs, recently discussed early results from a feasibility study. However, they cautioned that the information should be treated as a progress report, as more results are forthcoming.
Larry Bitney, Duane Reese and Robert Caldwell wondered if there were economic benefits to growing and feeding high-oil corn to pigs in Nebraska.
The trio of researchers feel it is important that producers gain a better understanding of high-oil corn technology. And, they remind producers that the value of these enhanced grains may change as feed costs change and/or yield limitations are solved.
Understanding High-Oil Corn DuPont is the primary company involved in high-oil corn production, having licensed its high-oil corn genes to 80 seed companies. The DuPont TOPCross system is the most common method of producing commercial high-oil corn.
The same general production practices are recommended for normal corn and high-oil corn. There is a disagreement over the extent of separation needed between high-oil and normal corn to prevent cross-pollination. Estimates range from 200 ft. down to no separation requirement at all.
High-oil corn hybrids are likely to yield less than their normal counterparts. The yield loss is expected because of two factors: the physiological cost to the plant of making the oil, and the competition between the male and female parents in blended hybrids.
The researchers say, all other things being constant, a 2.5% yield reduction would be expected for every 1% increase in oil content of the corn.
Because the yield of high-oil corn compared to normal corn is uncertain, the Nebraska researchers thought it may be best to evaluate the impact of a range of yield reductions. The researchers say it appears high-oil corn will likely yield within a range of 85-100% of normal corn. That range was selected for evaluation and the results are presented in Table 1.
Because the production practices for high-oil corn and normal corn are identical (except for isolation requirements), other than the seed, the production costs per acre are the same. There is often a $30/bagtechnology fee for high-oil corn seed. This amounts to about $10/acre. If high-oil corn yields the same as normal corn, this $10/acre is the only added cost, which amounts to 6.8 cents/bu. with a 150 bu./acre yield (Table 1).
If high-oil corn yield is 90% of normal corn yield, the added production cost is 32.5 cents/bu. (this includes the 6.8 cents cost for the technology fee). The added production costs would increase slightly if seeding rate was increased by 2,000 seeds/acre. Thus, the yield of high-oil corn that producers expect is a key variable in their decision to adopt this technology.
Yield comparisons of high-oil corn to normal corn are difficult to make, due to the isolation needed for high-oil corn. A study conducted in Ohio found the average yield of high-oil varieties was 90% of the normal-corn hybrids. Two normal-corn hybrids in the Nebraska experiment had high-oil counterparts. Considering those two hybrids only, the high-oil versions averaged 92.3% of the yield of the normal-corn hybrids.
Researchers expect yields will be in the 90-93% range, given the current stage of the technology. This would result in added production costs of 25-32 cents/bu. for high-oil corn.
The storage requirements for high-oil corn are similar to those for normal corn, but it is important to store them separately if the added feeding benefit is to be realized. This separate storage may add to the cost or inconvenience.
High-oil corn processes and handles at least as well as normal corn, researchers add.
High-oil corn contains more protein, lysine, fat and metabolizable energy than normal corn (see Table 2). Because there seems to be significant genetic and environmental effects on the final nutrient content of high-oil corn, a range in composition is presented.
High-Oil Corn In Pig Diets There is a shortage of data comparing the performance of pigs fed high-oil corn (5.5-7.5% oil) to normal corn (3.5-4.2% oil). However, a large database exists regarding the effect of adding animal fat or vegetable oil to swine diets. Recent trials indicate when the total amount of fat in normal-corn-based diets is equalized to that in a high-oil-corn-based diet by fat supplementation, pig performance is similar. Using this analogy, researchers assume high-oil corn would elicit a similar response as if a similar amount of fat were added to a normal-corn-based diet.
Feed efficiency improves an average of 2% for each 1% increment of added fat to the diet. Diets containing high-oil corn contain between 1.5% and 3% added fat, depending on the oil content of the corn. Therefore, feed efficiency should improve from about 3% to 6% when high-oil corn is substituted for normal corn in the diet.
Generally when growing-finishing pigs are fed normal-corn-based diets containing 1.5-3% added vegetable oil or animal fat (an amount similar to that when high-oil corn replaces normal corn in the diet), daily gain remains constant. Daily gain may increase up to about 3% in some cases, especially during hot weather. Thus, until further data from high-oil corn feeding trials is available, the Nebraska researchers suggest that average daily gain will remain the same, but may improve up to 3% when high-oil corn replaces normal corn in growing-finishing pig diets.
Backfat thickness should not be altered when using high-oil corn in the diet, unless the additional fat levels exceed 5% of the diet and the amino acid-to-calorie ratio in the diet is not maintained at a constant level.
Growing pigs weighing from about 30-130 lb., and lactating sows would benefit the most from high-oil corn in the diet because they have the most difficulty consuming enough calories to maximize performance.
As little as 2.5% added fat (50 lb./ton) reduces dust in confinement buildings, and in feed mills, by about 25%. Reduced dust levels have improved health implications for both pigs and people.
Bitney, Reese and Caldwell credited high-oil corn for improving feed efficiency only as part of their analysis.
There are certain instances where a producer would expect a greater response in feed efficiency than others. For example, feed efficiency and daily gain are improved more by feeding fat to pigs during hot weather than during cold. Thus, if pigs are expected to be finished during the summer, it would be better to assume feed efficiency may improve by 7% (for 7.5% high-oil corn). But during the winter, diets with the same high-oil corn may only improve feed efficiency by 5%.
Twelve diets were formulated to calculate the economic value of high-oil corn as a replacement for normal corn in growing-finishing pig diets. All diets contained 44% crude protein soybean meal as the only source of supplemental protein. Four diets were formulated with normal corn to contain 1, 0.9, 0.8 and 0.7% lysine. Four diets were formulated with 5.5% fat high-oil corn and four others with 7.5% fat high-oil corn. The high-oil corn-based diets contained the same ratio of lysine to metabolizable energy as the normal-corn based diets. An overall feed conversion rate of 3 lb. feed/lb. of gain, and an average daily gain of 1.8 lb. was assumed. Levels of 2-4% improvement in feed efficiency for 5.5% corn oil content and 5-7% improvement in feed efficiency for 7.5% corn oil content were applied to the diets. The price of normal corn was $2.50/bu., 44% soybean meal was $250/ton, and other ingredients were at current market prices. The cost savings realized from improved feed conversion was attributed to high-oil corn. Results are shown in Table 3.
Because of the high-oil corn feed efficiency advantage, the price of the major ingredients (corn, soybean meal) impact the added value of the high-oil corn. Table 3 shows a range of added values for high-oil corn reflecting high and low corn and soybean meal prices.
For example, a 5% improvement in feed efficiency means the added value of high-oil corn is 25 cents/bu. (with $2.50/bu. corn, $250/ton soybean meal). But, the high-oil corn advantage drops to 20 cents/bu. if normal corn is $2/bu. and soybean meal is $200/ton.
The average oil content of high-oil corn varieties in a Kearney, NE, Area Agricultural Producers Alliance field tests was 6.2% (12% moisture basis). Thus, feed efficiency should improve by 4-5% when fed to growing-finishing pigs. Therefore, the added value of high-oil corn is 21-25 cents when corn is $2.50/bu. and soybean meal is $250/ton.
Assuming production costs for high-oil corn would be 25-32 cents/bu. higher, the researchers conclude growing and feeding high-oil corn to pigs does not appear to be economically feasible at the current state of the technology. The conclusion is based on increased feed


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Review written by Thomas Simon
'Lessons From 'Nothing' by Bruce Marsland is an extremely practical book from the stable of Cambridge Handbooks for Language Teachers. In this high tech day & age it is refreshing to come across a book that describes itself as a 'sourcebook of ELT exercises & activities which do not require extensive resources or facilities'. The book is designed with the 'limited-resource situation' in mind but all can apply to normal teaching situations. Don't you get tired of photocopying stuff & seeing students bogged down with copies that they'll never look at again?
It is comforting to go into a lesson with material but a material-less activity can be more interesting & exploit the classroom situation & the learners in it. With this learner-centred philosophy in mind 'Lessons From Nothing' provides a wide range of activities.
The book is divided into the following sections:
Activities using no resources
Activities using pens & paper only
Activities using blackboard, pens & paper
Activities using other resources
And each activity begins with the language to be practiced, the level & age, followed by the procedure, rationale & any variations on the procedure. All very clear & easy to follow.
There are quite a lot of straightforward traditional games & activities ranging from mime activities 'I Spy', '20 Questions' to 'Doodle' (guessing the doodle representation to practise modals). Drama plays a role throughout as an easy to set up imaginative way of providing speaking practice.
This is a very practical book that shows teachers just starting out, as well as a reminder for the more experienced teacher, that a little imagination can go a long way. 'Lessons From Nothing' is highly recommended for initial training courses.


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and body.
Today however, Jill no longer leads a stress-filled life. She has written a book entitled My Stroke of Insight to inspire others about the value of life and finding bliss no matter what. She has been on Oprah and also named one of Time Magazines most influential people of 2008. Learn more about Jill Bolte Taylor by reading her story and the impact of her life changing stroke. She could have used her stroke as a tragedy, something to wallow in or feel like a victim about. She could have felt sorry for herself for the rest of her life, but Jill did not do that. She seized the moment, she awakened to the lesson and today she lives a life based on bliss, creativity and present moment awareness, and tries to teach others how to have the same, without needing to go through what she went through.
Our health and happiness truly is in our hands and minds. How we choose to think and live, how we choose to nourish ourselves and interact with others all has a tremendous impact on our health, happiness and well-being. May you continue learning and expanding your consciousness to further empower yourself on this, and many topics like it and create the most desired results for your life.
Here are some resources for more information about Stroke Awareness:


PARAMETER can be applied to the parameters of a method.
 - TYPE can be applied to any element of a class.
 - _USER_: The annotated elements are going to be documented using the Javadoc tool. Per default annotations are not documented. This annotation can be applied to other annotation.
 - _USER_: By default annotations are not inherited by subclasses. This annotation marks an annotation to automatic inherit to all subclasses extending the annotated class. This annotation can be applied to class elements.
 - _USER_: Indicates that the annotated element should not be used. This annotation gets the compiler to generate a warning message. Can be applied to methods, classes and fields. An explanation about why this element is deprecated and alternative usages should be provided when using this annotation.
 - _USER_: Indicates the compiler not to produce warnings for an specific reason or reasons. For example if we do not want to get warnings because of unused private methods we can write something like:
_USER_( "unused")
private String myNotUsedMethod(){
Normally the compiler would produce a warning if this method is not used; using this annotation prevents that behavior. This annotation expects one or more parameters with the warnings categories to avoid.
 - _USER_: Indicates the compiler that the element is overriding an element of the super class. This annotation is not mandatory to use when overriding elements but it helps the compiler to generate errors when the overriding is not done correctly, for example if the sub class method parameters are different than the super class ones, or if the return type does not match.
 - _USER_: Asserts that the code of the method or constructor does not perform unsafe operations on its arguments. Future versions of the Java language will make the compiler to produce an error at compilation time in case of potential unsafe operations while using this annotation. For more information about this one one _URL_
8. Java 8 and annotations
Java 8 comes out with several advantages. Also the annotations framework is improved. In this chapter we are going to explain and provide examples of the 3 main topics introduced in the eighth Java update: the _USER_ annotation, the introduction of type annotation declarations and the functional interface annotation _USER_ (used in combination with Lambdas).
 - _USER_: indicates that an annotation annotated with this one can be applied more than once to the same element declaration.
Here is an example of usage. First of all we create a container for the annotation that is going to be repeated or that can be repeated:
 * Container for the {_USER_ CanBeRepeated} Annotation containing a list of values
_USER_( RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME )
_USER_( ElementType.TYPE_USE )
public _USER_ RepeatedValues
 CanBeRepeated[] value();
Afterwards, we create the annotation itself and we mark it with the Meta annotation _USER_:
_USER_( RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME )
_USER_( ElementType.TYPE_USE )
_USER_( RepeatedValues.class )
public _USER_ CanBeRepeated
 String value();
Finally we can see how to use it (repeatedly) in a given class:
_USER_( "the color is green" )
_USER_( "the color is red" )
_USER_( "the color is blue" )
public class RepeatableAnnotated
If we would try to do the same with a non repeatable annotation:
_USER_( RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME )
_USER_( ElementType.TYPE_USE )
public _USER_ CannotBeRepeated
 String value();
_USER_( "info" )
 * if we try repeat the annotation we will get an error: Duplicate annotation of non-repeatable type
 * _USER_. Only annotation types marked
 * _USER_ can be used multiple times at one target.
// _USER_( "more info" )
public class RepeatableAnnotatedWrong
We would get an error from the compiler like:
Duplicate annotation of non-repeatable type
 - Since Java 8 is also possible to use annotations within types. That is anywhere you can use a type, including the new operator, castings, implements and throws clauses. Type Annotations allow improved analysis of Java code and can ensure even stronger type checking. The following examples clarify this point:
_USER_( "unused" )
public static void main( String[] args )
 // type def
 String cannotBeEmpty = null;
 // type
 List<_USER_ String> myList = new ArrayList();
 // values
 String myString = new _USER_ String( "this is annotated in java 8" );
// in method params
public void methodAnnotated( _USER_ int parameter )
 System.out.println( "do nothing" );
All this was not possible until Java 8.
 - _USER_: this annotation indicates that the element annotated is going to be a functional interface. A functional interface is an interface that has just one abstract method (not a default one). The compiler will handle the annotated element as a functional interface and will produce an error if the element does not comply with the needed requirements. Here is an example of functional interface annotation:
// implementing its methods
_USER_( "unused" )
MyCustomInterface myFuncInterface = new MyCustomInterface()
 public int doSomething( int param )
 return param * 10;
// using lambdas
_USER_( "unused" )
 MyCustomInterface myFuncInterfaceLambdas = ( x ) -> ( x * 10 );
interface MyCustomInterface
 * more abstract methods will cause the interface not to be a valid functional interface and
 * the compiler will thrown an error:Invalid '_USER_' annotation;
 * FunctionalInterfaceAnnotation.MyCustomInterface is not a functional interface
 // boolean isFunctionalInterface();
 int doSomething( int param );
This annotation can be applied to classes, interfaces, enums and annotations and it is retained by the JVM and available in Run time. Here is its declaration:
public _USER_ FunctionalInterface
For more information about this annotation _URL_
9. Custom annotations
As we mentioned several times in this tutorial, it is possible to define and implement custom annotations. In this chapter we are going to show how to do this.
First of all, define the new annotation:
public _USER_ CustomAnnotationClass
This creates a new type of annotation called CustomAnnotationClass. The special word used for this purpose is _USER_, this indicates the definition of a custom annotation.
After this, you need to define a couple of mandatory attributes for this annotation, the retention policy and the target. There are other attributes that can be defined here, but these are the most common and important ones. These are declared in form of annotations of an annotation and were described in the chapter "Built in annotations" since they are annotations that came out of the box with Java.
So we define these properties for our new custom annotation:
_USER_( RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME )
_USER_( ElementType.TYPE )
public _USER_ CustomAnnotationClass implements CustomAnnotationMethod
With the retention policy RUNTIME we indicate to the compiler that this annotation should be retained by the JVM and can be analyzed in runtime using reflection. With the element type TYPE we are indicating that this annotation can be applied to any element of a class.
Afterwards we define a couple of properties for this annotation:
_USER_( RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME )
_USER_( ElementType.TYPE )
public _USER_ CustomAnnotationClass
 public String author() default "danibuiza";
 public String date();
Above we have just defined the property author, with the default value "danibuiza" and the property date, without default value. We should mention that all method declarations cannot have parameters and are not allowed to have a thrown clause. The return types are restricted to String, Class, enums, annotations and arrays of the types mentioned before.
Now we can use our fresh created custom annotation in the following way:
_USER_( date = "2014-05-05" )
public class AnnotatedClass
In a similar way we can create an annotation to be used in method declarations, using the target METHOD:
_USER_( RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME )
_USER_( ElementType.METHOD )
public _USER_ CustomAnnotationMethod
 public String author() default "danibuiza";
 public String date();
 public String description();
This one can be used in a method declaration like:
_USER_( date = "2014-06-05", description = "annotated method" )
public String annotatedMethod()
 return "nothing niente";
_USER_( author = "friend of mine", date = "2014-06-05", description = "annotated method" )
public String annotatedMethodFromAFriend()
 return "nothing niente";
There are many other properties that can be used with custom annotations, but target and retention policy are the most important ones.
10. Retrieving Annotations
The Java reflection API contains several methods that can be used to retrieve in runtime annotations from classes, methods and other elements.
The interface that contains all these methods is AnnotatedElement and the most important ones are:
 - getAnnotations(): Returns all annotations for the given element, also the ones that are not explicitly defined in the element definition.
 - isAnnotationPresent(annotation): Checks if the passed annotation in available or not in the current element.
 - getAnnotation(class): Retrieves an specific annotation passed as parameter. Returns null if this annotation is not present for the given element.
This class is implementing by java.lang.Class, java.lang.reflect.Method and java.lang.reflect.Field among others, so can be used basically with any kind of Java element.
Now we are going to see an example of how to


text:
The city we live in is called Baia Mare and it is an old town, which appeared in the medieval period, having a strong development during the 20th century, when the complex gold and silver deposits allowed the development of a heavy industry: the non-ferous metallurgy, machines construction, textiles industry or ceramics industry.
The city is located in the Baia Mare plateau, a submontaneous depression surrounded in the north by the crests of the Gutai Mountains, with vast volcanic plateaus and crests covered by broadleaf forests and coniferous forests, and surrounded in the south by the hill peaks of Codru and Prelucatwo crystalline items in the sedimentary mass of the Western Hills.
The hydrografic network is dense and owing a lot to the river Sasar, which crosses the city eastwards to westwards, on its way to the Lapus river. The main hydrografic arteries it collects are Firiza (a river that is hydroenergetically designed by creating the barrage lake Firiza), Usturoiului Valley, Red Valley, Borcutului Valley etc.
The microclimate is a sheltered one, with higher temperatures and rich precipitations, a climate that favorised the growth of the eatable chestnut around the city, a tree that became the symbol of the city and for the old mining community, each fall the inhabitants of Baia Mare gathering to celebrate „The Chestnuts' Feast".
In the present, the community from Baia Mare is going through a powerful change, looking for a new identity. This change of identity is the turning of a mining community into a green community, in which the ecological and the cultural tourism to be combined with the top technologies.


text:
years are mainly due to support from the University and the work of a group of faculty and staff who have dedicated themselves to the program's success and its students. A commitment to assessment and evaluation will continue to refine future iterations of an innovative PA program. The experience has clearly demonstrated that innovation and building on lessons learned over the last few decades can transform health professions education in the future.
1. Covey, S., 1989. The seven habits of highly effective people. New York: Simon and Schuster.
2. Mosher, D. K., Hook, J. N., Captari, L. E., Davis, D. E., DeBlaere, C., & Owen, J. (2017). Cultural humility: A therapeutic framework for engaging diverse clients. Practice Innovations, 2(4), 221–233. _URL_
3. Andersen, K et al. (1976) Introduction to Medical Science for Clinical Practice: A Self-Instruction/Tutorial Curriculum, Chicago, Illinois, Yearbook Medical Publishers


text:
Quid allows users to derive data driven insights from extensive, unstructured data sets. Not only do we collect and analyze the world's unstructured data, but we also present this data to customers in a way that instigates insight and inspiration, and ultimately adds value to their business. On the engineering side, we've been faced with the challenge of visualizing information organized into networks in a meaningful and efficient way. The networks consist of nodes, or vertices, and links between them, also called edges. The vertices stand for real-world entities, and edges represent a variety of relationships between them. This structured illumination helps us understand a given data set faster and more fully. While network generation takes place on Quid's infrastructure, the interactive visualization runs entirely in your web browser. This means displaying and manipulating thousands of vertices and edges in an environment not known for speed. Quid engineers are always looking for ways to up the amount of data on display, while keeping a responsive frame rate; optimizing the network visualization is one of the more satisfying improvements we have made recently. Read on to find out how we did that! Providing Structure to the Unstructured Some networks are easier to draw than others. Spiders, for example, weave nets that are both […]Read More
- How does Quid create reliable business intelligence?
- Our First Engineering Game Day
- Improving search with Word2Vec and Wikipedia
- Managing text data you haven't seen and can't control
- Using deep learning with small data
- It's NOT the Stork: Where Tests Come From
- Quid Hackathon II
- Here's a suggestion
- Optimizing The Rendering Engine
- Quid Hackathon
- Major League Data Visualization Event @ Quid!
- The Ups and Downs of a Chef Shop
- Reaching Equilibrium in Web Browser Network Visualizations


Some Key Benefits of a Rehab Center
Drug addiction is a serious issue, not only for the person having an addiction but also for the family and society. It leaves a great negative impact and badly affects the daily life activities of the person. But the good thing is the addiction can be overcome and patients can lead a normal life if they get proper rehabilitation treatment.
Never hesitate to consider rehabilitation treatment from professionals as it will be helpful to the patient in returning to normal life and treat the root cause of addiction. Here is an overview of the benefits and how a rehab center in Multan helps you to live an addiction-free and healthy life.
 1. Safe and Secure Environment
The patient suffering from addiction and trying to get rid of it is in a very crucial stage. Even though he is completely off the drugs now, a little temptation or sometimes strong cravings can drag him towards the drugs or alcohol in no time.
That's why a rehab center is necessary as there would be a safe and monitoring environment that helps patients to withdraw. Furthermore, withdrawal symptoms can be very strong and sometimes even life-threatening. So being under the supervision of professionals makes sure the symptoms can be managed with suitable medicine.
 1. Various Treatments and Therapies
Getting rid of addiction is not an easy job and causes a lot of physical, psychological, and emotional distress. The process is not an overnight process and multiple therapies and counseling sessions are required
Some of the therapies used in rehab centers for treating drug addiction are listed below.
 - Individual therapy
 - Group therapy
 - Cognitive therapy
 - Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
 - Motivational interviewing
 - Rational emotive behavioral therapy
Apart from these therapies, essential medicines are also used to control the cravings and withdrawal symptoms. The medication also helps to overcome the mental and psychological issues such as anxiety and depression triggered by the situation.
 1. Recognize the Root Cause of Addiction
Drug addiction can be a defense mechanism for some people to escape from the harsh realities or some use it to relieve the symptoms of other psychological issues such as depression. Past trauma can also be the root cause.
So the thing is the determination of the root cause when working on it helps the addict not only for the meantime but in the long term. Trained counselors dig the underlying cause or causes and then work on them. So it is recommended to consider a good rehab center in Multan if you or your loved one is suffering from addiction.
 1. Learning Atmosphere
Learning about your addiction, its effects, causes, treatment, and self-help techniques help you in the long run. Communicating about your feelings or recognizing them is a great skill that should be learned. The time spent in the rehab center would be beneficial for your lifetime and the chances of relapse will be minimal.
 1. Personalized Treatment
The skilled professional team takes all your history all develop a personalized treatment plan for you based on various factors such as the duration of addiction, family support, other psychological problems, the severity of the addiction, and many other factors.
 1. Developing New Habits
The life of a drug addict is completely messed up. Their personality has drastically affected and relationships are not going well. Proper counseling helps them to get back to normal life and learn new habits and life skills that help them to begin a new life with new habits and better relationships.
 1. Privacy
Addiction is a habit everyone is ashamed of and wants to keep it private that they are seeking treatment. The best rehab center in Multan makes sure to maintain the privacy of patients and keep it confidential. This makes it easy for the person to survive in society after the recovery process.
Read More: The Role of Interprofessional Team in Nursing Essay
 1. Aftercare
Aftercare means to prevent the relapse of addiction. For this purpose, many skills and coping mechanisms are taught to the patient to make sure he can deal with it well after the treatment is over.
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