text: A nail and piece of slate roof, approx. 5.5 x 6.5 in., from Beauvoir, Jefferson Davis' postwar home in Biloxi, Mississippi. Beauvoir, built in 1848, was purchased by a wealthy planter Samuel Dorsey in 1873. Dorsey died two years later and his widow, sympathetic to the financial difficulties of former Confederate President Davis, invited him to live in a cottage on the grounds. Ms. Dorsey left the estate to Davis when she died in 1879, and he lived there until his death in 1889. Beauvoir was then transferred to the Mississippi chapter of the SCV to be used as a home for elderly Confederate veterans and as a memorial to Davis, and has since been designated a National Historic Landmark. It was severely damaged by hurricanes Camille in 1969 and Katrina in 2005, the latter destroying the newly built Jefferson Davis Presidential Library and nearly half if its collection.


What is Foolsaurus?
Sarbanes-Oxley Act
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (often called SOX for short) is a law that was passed in the wake of the Enron and Worldcom scandals. SOX requires public companies to have greater internal controls.
Expanded Definition
SOX is a set of highly controversial regulations imposed by the government to help ensure that the accounting scandals and subsequent failures of Enron and Worldcom aren't repeated. The basic goals of the act were three fold, to increase transparency in the accounting of public companies, to ensure independence in the auditing process of public companies, and to install harsher penalties for violators.
The major changes implemented in the act include-
 - The creation of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board or PCAOB. A new government entity with whom all public companies must register. PCAOB oversees all public accounting firms to ensure accurate compliance with SOX is uniform.
 - Increased responsibility and liability for corporate leadership (CEO, CFO) for accuracy and completeness of financial statements produced by the company. The CEO must now also sign the corporate tax form.
 - Requires stricter and prompter reporting of accounting changes such as off-balance sheet transactions
 - Mandatory disclosure of potential conflict of interest for securities analysts covering public companies. The act also gives the SEC increased power to punish analysts and other securities professionals (such as brokers) who break the law.
 - Increased the severity of specific penalties for and enumerated what constitutes white collar crime and corporate fraud. The act also gives the SEC greater latitude to freeze assets when corporate fraud is suspected. Whistle-blowers are also given greater protections under the act.
 - Authorized research into the nature of the previous fraud occurred.
The act is named after the two congressmen who sponsored it, Paul Sarbanes (D-MD) and Michael Oxley (R-OH).
Criticism and Praise
SOX is highly controversial and it's full effects are still debated.
Critics charge that SOX is far too restrictive, costing companies and consequently taxpayers billions of dollars as well reducing America's competitiveness for attracting and creating new companies. They also claim that SOX is so restrictive that many companies new choose to go private to avoid its scrutiny and that many new up and coming companies decide against going public due to SOX's prohibitive costs. Some critics also contend that SOX is particularly damaging to smaller and foreign companies due the disproportionate time requirements and cost to them.
Proponents argue that SOX provides greater transparency for investors and was necessary to restore confidence in the market after the numerous accounting scandals that occurred at the turn of the century such Enron, Worldcom, Adelphia and Tyco.
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text:
Why Zoning is preferable than Triangulation for Indoor RTLS
Performance and cost effectiveness of Zoning Real-time location in comparison with Triangulation methods for indoor applications
The purpose of this article is to show why for indoor RTLS, a zoning-based approach gives far more reliable results than the respective triangulation-based methods, while at the same time being more cost effective.
RFID localization can be done either by triangulation, i.e. using sophisticated algorithms to localize the RFID tag based on compared readings by three or more readers, or by zoning, i.e. allocating a reader to each zone (room), tuning its gain in order to detect only tags in said zone. This article will compare the cost effectiveness and performances of these two approaches in outdoor and indoor environments.
Since the early days of active RFID, manufacturers announced that they would be capable of accurately localizing objects with only three readers, using RF triangulation algorithms. More than ten years after these great promises, let's check what today's situation in real conditions is.
- Relative Signal Strength Intensity (RSSI)
Triangulation methods were initially based on using RF expansion equations and comparing the relative signal intensity received by three different readers from a single tag. The location (coordinates) of the readers is recorded at their initial installation. Solving these equations should theoretically lead to knowing the coordinates of the tag. This method is known as RSSI triangulation. The initial results rapidly showed that this method was not totally accurate outdoors, and clearly unreliable in indoor environments, especially with partitions. Several reasons were identified as the cause of these inaccuracies:
Outdoor environments with line of sight :
The accuracy of the results obtained outdoors with RSSI triangulation were typically +/- 10-15% of the distances between the readers. If the readers are 50 meters apart, the location accuracy will be +/- 7 meters or more.
The main reasons for these inaccuracies are:
The sensitivity of commercial readers varies from one reader to the other.
Reflections in the passage of the beams toward each one of readers (from the floor or other elements) are not identical and cannot be ignored.
Readers at certain distances can be affected by destructive interferences between the direct beam and a reflected beam from the floor or any other possible reflection.
The tag in not uniformly emitting to a range of 360˚.
Indoor environments with partitions
The triangulation-based application in indoor environments with partitions suffers from all the shortcomings mentioned above, in addition to the following problems:
The results of RSSI-based triangulation indoors in an environment with partitions are erratic and unstable. The received signal intensity depends on the type of walls, furniture, persons etc. encountered by the beam on its way between the tag and the reader. Often a path going through open doors, windows and so forth, arrives at the receiver with an intensity that is much higher than the direct path, despite the fact that the length of the pattern of said indirect beam was much greater that the direct line.
Although manufacturers of such systems are trying to average their results over several readings and calibrate the readers upon installation using special installation software, the results remain inaccurate and unstable. Opening a window or a person passing by can move the result by several meters, despite all these attempts to overcome problems that are inherent to this method.
- Wi-Fi based systems
Some companies use Wi-Fi tags and make triangulation calculations according the RSSI received by different access points. Despite being called Wi-Fi, these technologies are in fact a type of RSSI triangulation methods, using special network access points (reading and transmitting the measurement of the signal strength) instead of readers.
The main argument in favor of these systems is the supposed use of the existing Wi-Fi network. However, in real terms the number of additional network points and their respective costs that are necessary in order to reach the accuracy of +/- 3 meters in indoor environments with partition seriously challenge this sales arguments.
Furthermore numerous articles by experts are pointing out significant negative impacts of Wi-Fi based systems; see as one example: _URL_ or Why not Wi-Fi by David Hoglund.
These systems are very complex to deploy and maintain. See another example: _URL_
- Time Difference on Arrival (TDOA)
The second approach to localization by triangulation is to compare the time of arrival of the signals rather than their intensities. The underlying principle is simple: If the distance of a tag varies between the different readers, the closest reader will receive the signal before the second closest reader and so on. The difference in the time of receiving the signals divided by the speed of light should be an indication of the difference in distances between the tag and the three readers, thereby allowing us to calculate the tag's position.
In indoor applications the expected time differences will be in the order of magnitude of few nanoseconds (10-9 second). Consequently:
The readers must use expensive internal crystal clocks.
The LAN must be fully synchronized at the nanosecond level.
These requirements inevitably make the system expensive. Furthermore, in indoor applications more than three readers are necessary in order to get reasonably accurate results even on an area of only 20 x 20 meters, i.e. 10-12 rooms including passages.
In order to compensate for the difference between the electronics of one reader and another some companies use complex tuning procedures as part of the project implementation, while others use patented double-pass measurements that make the system even more expensive.
Some systems use Ultra-wideband (UWB) in order to improve the range of detection by using short pulses over a broader spectral range, generally using higher frequencies (3.1 to 10 Ghz).
All these technologies suffer from multi-pass beams that reduce their localization accuracy.
Outdoor environments with line of sight
TDOA based system are definitely more accurate than RSSI based systems. Their accuracy varies between 5-10% of the distance between the readers, depending on the respective systems and environments.
In practical terms, in an indoor environment with partitions (offices, hospital etc.), four synchronized readers are required to cover approximately 15 rooms. The location accuracy with these systems in indoor applications with partitions varies between +/- 2 to +/-3 meters.
Since the results of the triangulation are expressed in x,y coordinates, ignoring the partitions, a localization accuracy of +/- 2m or +/- 3 meters easily leads to localize a person or an object in the incorrect room.
Zoning methods can be used when the localization requirement is for a zone (room level accuracy). The zoning methods initially used a reader in each zone (room). The gain of each reader is tuned to receive only the signal from tags in said zone.
The results of this method when used in open space are not very accurate, as it is impossible to delimit the RF zones by virtual lines. Reflection and tag orientation can easily lead to locate the tag in the adjacent zone. These errors, however, can be reduced by comparing the respective RSSI levels, but cannot be completely eliminated.
The zoning method is mostly for passages (doors) or indoor environments like office spaces, hospitals and so forth. Tuning the reader for each room at the installation allows precise and stable room level accuracy. Even if a tag close to a wall could be detected by the reader covering the adjacent room, the intensity of the signal - after going through the wall - would be significantly lower than the intensity of the signal received by the reader in the same zone. The software application will therefore consider that the tag is in the correct area.
Dynamic filtering is also used to further increase the localization reliability. Such algorithms take into account the localization of the previous tag signals in the decision process in case of complex situations.
Practically speaking, readers including RSSI tag transmission combined with sophisticated software can warrant approximately 99% accuracy in tag localization, whether on a person or an asset.
- Zoning method first generation
The active tags used by such systems are normally uni-directional, i.e. they "talk" to the reader, but the reader cannot "call" the tag ("Tag talk first"). Such tags have the advantage of being rather inexpensive compared to other system tags.
The installation of a zoning system is simple and stable, which is also a cost-saving factor.
The big disadvantage of this type of system is that it requires one reader per room, which implies the cost of the reader plus the cost of a network point and an electricity point.
- Zoning method second generation
The active tags in this method are bi-directional, i.e. they can emit as well as receive. A single reader is installed and tuned to cover a large area (typically a circle radius of 15 to 20 meters passing through several walls).
A device (zone indicator) is installed in each individual room. This device periodically emits signals indicating to the tags the ID of the zone in which they are located. The zone indicators can be tuned to reach only the tags that are in the room.
Upon receiving the signal from the zone indicator, periodically, or in response to a call by the reader, the tags emit a signal that includes their own ID as well as the ID of the zone in which they are situated.
Zone indicators typically cost only 20-30% of the price of the reader. They are wireless and some of them are even battery operated, so that their installation is very easy and doesn't require any infrastructure.
In order to save the tag battery, some manufactures put the tag in sleep mode. The tag is woken up by the zone indicator.
Zone indicators are normally radio emitters. Some companies use IR emitters as zone indicators, in which case the tags must include an IR sensor.
While for commercial reasons some companies keep

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
I have a shared OneNote notebook. When someone visits the share link, they go to the first page of the first section. Is it possible to create a link to a different page in the notebook, so this is the first page that is displayed?
To generate a link to a page in OneNote Online:
- In the Navigation Pane, right-click the page tab in the Navigation Pane to which you want to generate a link.
- Select Copy Link to this Page.
- In the Copy Link dialog that appears, press CTRL-C or right-click the link and select Copy to place the link to the clipboard.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
There is evidence that organosulfur compounds can inhibit the induction and growth of cancer. Several organosulfur compounds are dietary constituents and Allium species are a rich source of such molecules. Some but not all epidemiological studies have suggested that consumption of garlic can decrease cancer incidence. There is substantial evidence that constituents of garlic including diallyl sulfides can inhibit the induction of cancer in experimental animals. Effects on both tumor initiation and promotion have been documented. Some effects may be mediated by modulation of carcinogen metabolism involving altered ratios of phase I and phase II drug metabolizing enzymes. Inhibitory actions on the growth of tumor cells have been documented and, for some tumor cells, differentiating effects of diallyl sulfides can occur. A definitive mechanism of action has not been established and evidence exists for effects at several sites in carcinogen metabolism and regulation of tumor growth. It is not always clear that laboratory studies can be extrapolated to reasonable levels of consumption by humans of garlic or other Allium species.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all)


Half-Life 2 Map Editing Optimization Guide
This chapter is all about visleafs, so sit back, relax and enjoy yourself :P
As written earlier, the hl2 map compile-programs divide the map into area's called visleafs to determine what area's of the map can be seen from where, and thus what brushes and entities need to be drawn when a player is at a certain place. The maths is simple: if a line can be drawn from the players view to a certain brush, the brush needs to be drawn. Using real-time calculations would be very heavy, as their would be 1000's of these brushes to test for visibility, and thus does the opposite of what we want (a fast map). Instead, Valve uses a system to pre-calculate visibility. The vvis-process, the second program that compiles the hl2 maps, does nothing more than trying to draw lines to see what parts of the map can be seen from where. You can imagine that because a player's view can be litterally everywhere, this would seem like a near-endless process. To get around that, we will divide the level into parts, and then check what part can see what other parts. If we then know in what part of our map the player currently is, we will be able to find out what parts of the map he certainly cannot see.
If this still sounds strange to you, here's a step-by-step explanation:
Our test level:
The example level
Step 1. Divide the level into area's
To divide the level into chunks, we simply ignore all entities and displacements, and start carving the playing space into convex area's:
Divided into visleafs
This step is done by vbsp, the first of the compile programs. The process is called "portalling", as the planes where two visleafs touch is called a 'portal'. The result is outputted to a portalfile ( [mapname].prt ), which is picked up by vvis, the second program of the compile process. In red marked are the visleafs, blue lines denote portals. As you may notice during compiling, portalling is very fast, usually no more than a few seconds for a huge level.
The reason why entities and displacements are skipped is that entities are considered to be dynamic ( able to move ) and we simply can't make dynamic visleafs if we want to be able to precalculate their visibility. Displacements would create thousands of visleafs on their own, which is why they are ignored aswell ( They were originally also meant to be able to move ).
Step 2. Making the visibility table
Vvis will now draw straight lines from each corner of each portal to all other portals in the map. If all lines between two portals cross brush-geometry, the portals are considered to be invisible to each other. If one of the lines can be drawn without crossing brushes, the portals can see each other. If that is the case, both visleafs ( one on each side of the portal ) are able to see the other pair of visleafs (one on each side of the other portal).
We take the portals:
The portals in our level
To see if visleaf 1 can see visleaf 2 we don't have to do anything, as both share a portal (they touch each other directly).
To see if visleaf 1 can see visleaf 3 we will try to connect one of visleaf 1's portals to one of visleaf 3's portals:
Trying to connect two portals
As you can see, this is possible, thus visleaf 1 can see visleaf 3.
To see if visleaf 1 can see visleaf 4 we do the same again:
Trying to connect two portals
As you can see this isn't possible, all four lines we can make between these portals goes through brush-geometry. Visleaf 1 cannot see visleaf 4.
In short, visleaf 1 can see visleaf 2 and 3, but not 4.
Visleaf 2 can see visleafs 1 and 3 (because they directly touch each other), but what about visleaf 4? We know the portal between 1 and 2 cannot see the portal between 3 and 4, but can the portal between 2 and 3 see the portal between 3 and 4? The answer?
Trying to connect two portals
Yes! Visleaf 2 can see all other visleafs in this level!
Our visibility table now looks like this:
Because visibility is reciprocal, we also know that 4 cannot see 1 etc.
The amount of calculations needed depends not on the amount of visleafs, but on the amount of portals. as you can see, three portals take 3 calculations. With each portal the amount of calculations is increased by the total amount of already existing portals. 1001 portals thus take 1000 calculations more than 1000 portals!
Step 3: using the visibility table
Now that we know what visleafs can see which ones, we can make out what to draw when a player is at a certain visleaf. This is done ingame, realtime. For instance, if the player is in visleaf 1, we don't have to draw visleaf 4:
What we accomplished
(green is drawn, red is hidden, hollow boxes are entities).
Note: Brushes only exist in the editor. Ingame, only the brush-sides that make up the brushes exist, but they don't belong to each other anymore. This is why in the above example brush-sides can be hidden while other brush-sides of the same brush are visible.
I hope you can imagine why reducing visleafs can increase compile times (as we need to connect less portals), but can also decrease the framerate of our level. Can you imagine what would happen if the brush north of visleaf 2 was an entity (pretending this wont cause a leak)? In that case the entire level would be drawn, even the parts that are red now, even though the player wouldn't be able to see through the wall... This is a serious waste of power you can use for extra frames per second, or more details in your level! Less visleafs mean a slower map because there is less to hide. Big visleafs are harder to hide than small ones, just as an elephant is easier to spot in the woods than an ant. You some how have to make a compromise: long compile times and a faster map, or shorter compile times and a more lagging map? This isnt very easy, especially since extra visleafs dont HAVE to increase map speed, so you may be compiling useless data, which will in turn make your map slower.
You have to determine when visleafs are uselessly small, and when they are uselessly big. This is not easy. In the next chapter i will tell you how to change the shapes of visleafs, and then a few hints on when and where to do so.
Some things you don't really need to know, but can be really usefull:
The red brush-sides aren't rendered because they aren't in the player's viewcone (=green, looking eastwards), yellow isn't drawn because that visleaf is considered to be hidden from the player, and blue isn't rendered because the player is looking at those brush-sides 'from behind' ( I'm sure you can imagine the 'front' of these faces being the side facing the west ).
Useless info:
For determining visibility, the vvis process actually uses a third portal (this portal being a portal that could occlude both checked portals, and is acually the portal between a leaf in the playing space and a leaf with CONTENTS_SOLID. What you have read untill now is just a simplification, it gets much more complicated. Because this is just interesting, but not necessairy to know, I will just give you a link to learn more about this concept:
As you can see this links to a site for Quake, which is the mother of BSP (Valve copied the BSP system from quake), and therefore partly of the hl2 engine. Like I already said you shouldn't worry about this technique, the simplified version I explained more than enables you in your optimization process.
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Articles » Fish Guides » Saltwater Fish » How To Catch: Ocean Whitefish Fishing Tips
How To Catch: Ocean Whitefish Fishing Tips
The ocean whitefish isn't typically a sought after fish in the sportfishing community. Most of the times they are just a nice fish to help fill your catch bag.
ocean whitefish fishing tips
The ocean whitefish is a great fish to catch and cook!
I like how they taste, so we'll cover how to catch them in this guide.
The California whitefish is a species of tilefish that call the Pacific Ocean its home. It is also the name of several species of Atlantic freshwater fish.
The fish can be found along the coast of California but they have also been found north and south from their typical habitat. The conservation status of this fish is 'least concern' which means that it is not overfished as such.
Ocean Whitefish Facts
Scientific Name:Caulolatilus princeps
Common Name(s): Ocean whitefish, blanquillo, pez blanco, California whitefish
CharacteristicsSmall-mouth with brown back and sides. Fins are yellowish or tinged with blue and green and the belly is light.
Depth Range10 to 91 meters
LocationsIt can be found in eastern Pacific waters and also near the shore of British Columbia and banks off the California coast.
Catch & Size LimitsCheck your local regulations
How to Catch Whitefish
Don't let their small size fool you. Whitefish are notoriously aggressive and competitive eaters to boot so expect a number of bites when you are out fishing.
Since they have small mouths, small or medium-sized hooks work best. Since the mouths are quite tough, use the heavy gauge wire variety that you can remove easily rather than lighter ones which can snag easily.
Whitefish are attracted by a wide variety of baits. You can use plastic grubs or a simple squid bait which they love. This also includes pinhead anchovies or you can just cut up larger anchovies to make chunks. You can also use shrimp and pelagic red crabs as bait.
When it comes to rigs, use the dropper if you are a beginner. This gives the fish the extra foot of line to work with so you won't feel it biting too early and end up setting the hook too fast.
You aren't done when you manage to reel one or catch one either. Once it's on deck, the whitefish puts up a vicious fight which makes handling it safely difficult. The gill plate cover has a serrated edge as well so if you aren't careful, you cut your finger. The best way to hold them is through the eye sockets if you plan to keep the fish.
Whitefish Fishing Tactics
 1. The best rod to catch whitefish is a 7 to 10-foot long medium action spinning rod and reel combination. These are limber and sensitive enough to secure the fish as it puts up a strong fight.
 2. When catching whitefish, keep bait about 8 to 10 feet from the bottom. Whitefish hunt suspended from water columns that are located over rocky terrains.
California Whitefish Fishing Tips
 - Fish for whitefish in deep waters at night and near rocky reefs and kelp beds in the morning.
 - Use a rod holder if you are fishing in deep water for whitefish. It can be a long wait.
Catching Ocean White Fish Throughout the Year
Even though the whitefish can be caught year-round, some seasons are better than others. The best season for catching ocean whitefish is at the end of winter and into spring.
During this time the water turns cool as the weather turns colder. Since the fish is cold-blooded, they swim closer to the shore and inland to keep warm.
How to Clean Mexican Whitefish
 1. Make an incision on both sides of the whitefish starting from the gills located near the pectoral fins where you feel the backbone. You can also remove the head from there to make filleting easier.
 2. Cut through the dorsal side of the fish touching the backbone and create an incision at the tail end.
 3. Keeping parallel to the backbone, male long strokes down the length of the fish with the knife to cut a fillet from the fish till you reach the belly and cut it off. Repeat the procedure on the other side to get the other fillet.
 4. Cut at the tail end of the fish right above the anal and anus fins.
Ocean Whitefish Recipe
 - Preheat the oven to about 450°F and place a heavy baking sheet in there to preheat as well.
 - Cut out 2 large rectangles of foil and place a fillet in each.
 - Combine cloves, minced garlic, 1 tsp dried rosemary, 1 teaspoon of white pepper, ¼ teaspoon salt to make a mixture.
 - Coat the fillets with the mixture evenly and place lemon slices on top.
 - Fold the edges of the foil to cover the fillets ad crimp at the edges.
 - Place the packets on the preheated baking sheet and pop it in the oven for 15 minutes or till the fish is cooked through.
 - Serve in packets
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What does ocean whitefish taste like?
A: Ocean whitefish that live in kelp beds have a bitter taste while others have a mild taste. The meat is flaky and the heads, fin, and skin can be used to make fish stock.
Q: Where can whitefish be found?
A: With a few exceptions, this fish is unique to California but they may swim far upstream and land near British Columbia. Whitefish have also been spotted around the Galapagos Islands but the cold temperature and salt content of the Pacific Ocean is their favorite habitat.
Q: Is whitefish difficult to catch?
A: Ocean whitefish are known for tugging and pulling against the line so you need to put in a lot of effort to keep it from escaping. Even when you reel it in, prepare to run around a bit as it bounces and jiggles violently on deck.
Q: How long do whitefish live for?
A: The ocean whitefish matures at 3 to 5 years and it can live for 13 years.
Q: What do whitefish eat?
A: Their diet consists of small invertebrates and fish such as crab, shrimp, squid, anchovies and even lantern fish.
The Anglers Behind This Article:
Jon Stenstrom
Sushmita Lo
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text:
the Kalmar Nyckel or arrived while New Sweden was still in existance. Anna Holstein, a nineteenth century genealogist, wrote that according to family tradition the first Holstein, Matts or Matthias, was a carpenter who was born in New Sweden in 1644 whose father had arrived on the Key of Calmar with Peter Minuit. There is some evidence for this being true. The one passenger on the first voyage of the Kalmar Nyckel (the only voyage with Peter Minuit aboard) who remained to settle in New Sweden was named Claes Jansen. He was a carpenter. The custom at the time was for children to derive their last name from their father's first name, so Claes Jansen's children would have been named Claesson. Indeed, Matts Holstein's original last name was Claesson, and if they were both carpenters, the shared occupation might suggest a family link. However, there are problems with this story. The reason the surname was changed from Claesson to Holstein was most likely because the family was from Holstein, which was then part of the Kingdom of Denmark. Claes Jansen, however, was from Niewkerck, in Holland. A contemporary genealogist, Peter Stebbins Craig, has found a church record indicating Matts Holstein's birthplace as Dittmarschen, in Holstein, in 1642. That pretty much settles things, except for two other church records that appear to provide potential contradictory evidence. I have seen reference to a record in the Old Swedes Church that indicates Matts was baptized there in 1642. The record referred to may be the 1683 Gloria Dei church census (it is not certain because several churches were known as the Old Swedes Church). Stebbins cites that record for determining that Matts Holstein was born in 1642, but he doesn't mention the baptism record. Not having seen the document, I can only guess that difference might be in accuracy of translation. The other record is from a 1693 Gloria Dei church census, where old Matts Holstein is listed, but not marked as a member who was born "in the homeland." If "in the homeland" meant back in Europe, that suggests he was born in New Sweden, but if "in the homeland" meant specifically Sweden, a person born in Holstein would not have been included. Craig also indicates that Matts Holstein came in 1663 to New Amstel, which means he came after the Dutch had incorporated New Sweden into New Amsterdam. New Amstel was the Dutch name for the place that started out as Fort Casimir, then became Fort Trinity [Trefaldigheets], but as New Amstel was then an expanded settlement. One year later, when the English took over, New Amstel became Newcastle [or New Castle]. Craig does not indicate his source for the date nor the name of the ship on which he might have been a passenger. There were two ships that arrived in New Amstel in 1663. The St. Jacob came in July with over a hundred passengers, only a handful of whom were listed by name. In December the Purmerender Kerck arrived with over 150 passengers, only four of whom were named.
It is through the wives of several generations of Matts Holsteins that we can trace at least five ancestors who came to New Sweden aboard the Kalmar Nyckel: Peter Gunnarsson Rambo, Peter Larsson Cock, Sven Gunnarsson, his wife [whose name is not known], and their daughter Gertrude Svensdotter, who was only a year old when she traveled to New Sweden. Three of Peter Larsson Cock's daughters married three of Peter Gunnarsson Rambo's sons, and oldest of these men's granddaughters, Britta Rambo, married Matts Holstein's son, who was also named Matts Holstein. Our connection to Gertrude Svensdotter and her parents is through her great granddaughter, Magdalen or Maudlin Hulings, who married Matthias Holstein, the third in that line with the same name. There most likely were additional ancestors of ours aboard the Kalmar Nyckel, but the records are too incomplete, especially in providing women's names, to provide clear evidence.
There is controversy about the first Matts Holstein's wives. In 1892, Anna Holstein named Britta Gostenburg as his wife. Craig's research, with some speculation, pointed instead to Lasse Cock's eldest sister, who was probably named Helena, as Matts' first wife, with whom he had four sons. After his first wife died, again according to Craig, Matts married his housekeeper Catharina Månsdotter, daughter of Måns Pålsson and Elisabeth Pålsdotter, both of Finnish ancestry. Catharina bore two sons and a daughter.
Tracing Elisabeth Pålsdotter's line back further, her parents Margareta Andersdotter and Pål Jönsson Mullica had come to New Sweden in 1654, a year before New Sweden came to an end. Pål seems to have been a good law-abiding citizen, but Margareta was a bit of a trouble-maker. It was she, not her husband, who made a legal complaint against a neighbor in a land dispute, and after she had became a widow twice, she was found guilty and fined 100 guilders (meant to be a devasting amount so as to discourage potential rebels) by the English government for being a conspirator in the Long Finn Rebellion.
Peter Gunnarsson Rambo was both typical and extraordinary among the New Sweden colonists. Since he was the longest living of the original settlers, he later became known as the Father of New Sweden. It is not known for sure whether or not he came to New Sweden voluntarily. He was indentured by the company to plant tobacco on the New Sweden Company's plantation just outside the fort. It is also not known whether his ethnicity was Swedish or Finnish. He was living in Gothenburg before he came to New Sweden, but many Finns were living there then, and his wife was from a Finnish region of Sweden, although he did not marry her until he had been in New Sweden for eight years (and three years after he had become a freeman). In 1644, upon his freedom, he had relocated to the eastern shore of the Schuylkill River in what is now West Philadelphia [If you are interested in seeing the old Rambo haunts, you will likely be disappointed, since the land is now occupied by a Sun Oil refinery]. He became a prosperous farmer, orchardist, and something of a land speculator. He made his mark rather than sign his name on some legal documents, but that does not necessarily mean he could not read and write. His mark on one document was simply the letters P R B, and in another a very stylized X:
The senior Rambo was honored and trusted enough that he served as a ruling judge of Upland Court even as the control of the colony changed from Swedish to Dutch to English. When Upland Court was finally ended when the colony of Pennsylvania was created, Rambo continued to serve as a judge. He didn't always get along with the authorities, however. In 1654, he was charged by Governor Printz for illegally selling grain to the Dutch, and in turn, he was one of the twenty-two freemen who signed the petition of complaint against Governor Printz. Peter Rambo's word was also valued by his Indian neighbors, and through his actions an armed conflict with the Indians was prevented. In 1668, Rambo met with members of the Mantas Indians after two members of the tribe had murdered three settlers. Rambo convinced those he met with to pledge to capture the two fugitives and return them to justice in the English courts. Only one was caught and returned, but the crisis was averted. As part of the settlement, Rambo informed the English authorities that the "Indyans in those parts have desired that there be an absolute prohibicon upon the whole River on selling Strong Liquors to the Indyans." After his long life and public service, Rambo was so revered by his church that after his death, when a new building, the Gloria Dei, was constructed, instead of moving Rambo's grave, they built the church around his remains.
Information about old Peter Rambo is found in an addenda of notes to a supplementary diary published as an appendix to Peter Kalm's Travels in North America. Kalm's travelogue of his adventures from 1748 to 1751 has been available in English since 1770, but his supplementary diary was first translated in 1937. In an entry on the early Swedish settlers, Kalm reports on a conversation with Peter Rambo, grandson of Peter Gunnarsson Rambo, on 30 January 1749. The grandson told him that the elder Peter Rambo told the English that his hands had been the very first to sow seeds in the settlement of New Sweden. He also spoke of apple seeds and other tree and garden seeds that old Peter brought with him in a box. The Rambo apple is now a rare variety, but it was once very popular, especially in the mid-Atlantic states. The first Rambo apple tree might have been grown from a seed in that box. The seeds may have come from Sweden, but it is also possible that he had picked up seeds while in port in Holland, since he resided there for most of a year waiting for repairs and the hiring of a new crew. If the


Competition Details
International Festival of Cultural Diversity Logo
by prop4g4nd4
This logo for the International Festival of Cultural Diversity features an abstract, geometric approach
of human faces, one successing another on a horizontal axis, shaping up a rectangular icon.
Each face has been designed to differ from its next one by dark and light filling on the respective areas,
having the eyes equally aligned to the overall icon.
Such even proportions, along to the contrasting fills of each facial shape, symbolize the all equal -
all different principle. This statement comes across even bolder on the colour version. It is a rough
reference on skin colours, representing different cultures and how they all come down to mutualism.
The extra fill on each face, shaped up by a conceivable horizontal axis, depicts how one culture is
affected from another, yet maintaining its indigenous characteristics.
The text part comes to complete the logo, centrally aligned either below or beside it.
This logo can hold up to a non-altered character in both French and English language versions, as text
occupies the exact same amount of space on both occasions, without significant differences.
A simple -yet meaningfulapproach like that can be applied on any size or format, dark or light
surfaces, mainly due to its vector lined structure and colour-use flexibility.


Conductivity Analyzers
 SC450G/ISC450G FLXA202/21 DC402
Area Classification General Purpose, Class I Div II General Purpose, Class I Div II, Class I Div I Class I Div II
Power Supply 4-Wire 110-256 VAC, Mains Power; 4-Wire 24 VDC 2-Wire Loop Powered 24VDC 4-Wire 110-256 VAC, Mains Power
Communication 4-20mA, HART 4-20mA, HART, FF and PA* 4-20mA, HART
Contacts and Relays 4 SPDT relay contacts with display indicators N/A 4 SPDT relay contacts with LED indicators
Measurement Type Contacting Conductivity, Resistivity, Percent Concentration (SC450G)
Inductive, Toroidal, Non-Contacting Conductivity, Percent Concentration (ISC450G)
Contacting Conductivity, Resistivity
Inductive Conductivity, Percent Concentration
Universal Conductivity/Resistivity
*FF and PF available in the Plastic FLXA21 for contacting conductivity and resistivity
Water Purification
Brine Manufacturing
Brine is often used within industrial processes such as food and beverage, refineries, textile dyeing house, and chemical plants as well as in municipalities or for commercial use as a final product applied to pavement roadways or commercial parking lots as an anti-icing or de-icing agent.
Conductivity measurement can be used as a reliable indicator of the real-time brine concentration. Utilizing online process analyzers removes the need for timely grab sample analysis. Yokogawa's inductive conductivity analyzers help you achieve increased efficiency and reduced operating costs while realizing reliable brine concentration measurements.
Boiler Blowdown
The frequency and duration required for boiler blowdown is significantly affected by water quality. Raw water used to feed the boilers contains varying levels of impurities that must be removed to protect the boiler and associated equipment. Pretreatment processes such as reverse osmosis, ion exchange, filtration, softening and demineralization may be used to reduce the level of impurities. Unfortunately, even the best pretreatment processes will not remove all impurities and will continuously carry some dissolved mineral impurities into the boiler.
Improving feedwater quality through make-up water, chemical treatment, and proper blowdown control can significantly reduce costs including:
 - Reduced operating costs
 - Reduced maintenance and repair costs
 - Cleaner and more efficient steam
 - Energy savings
 - Increase efficiency and reduce operating costs using Yokogawa's conductivity products.
Pharmaceutical Waters
Yokogawa's conductivity transmitters and converters possess USP (United States Pharmacopoeia) functions to simplify and automate USP requirements. The FLEXA two-wire conductivity transmitter has the USP23/24 Stage One table pre-programmed in its software. When enabled, the transmitter will send a FAIL signal when the water exceeds the USP limit and can display and transmit the uncompensated conductivity that USP mandates for compliance recording.
The SC450 and DC402 four-wire conductivity converters have additional USP features with the ability to display and transmit the uncompensated conductivity for USP compliance, as well as the NaCl temperature compensated measurement, valuable for process control.
The USP23/24 Stage One table is pre-programmed into these instruments, and a FAIL alarm will be given if the conductivity limits are exceeded. Alarms on these units can be dedicated as USP "warning" alarms with user-defined safety margins. These "warning" alarms will inform the operator that his/ or her water is trending towards the USP limit and will allow him/or her to take preemptive corrective action.
Ion Exchange is a method for the exchange of ions between two electrolytes or between an electrolyte solution and a complex molecule. In most cases, the term is used to denote the processes of purification, separation, and decontamination of aqueous and other ion-containing solutions with solid polymeric or mineralic ion exchangers.
The dual channel process liquid analyzer gives you the ability to measure the bed's inlets and outlets and calculate the ratio or % passage of the bed.
Heat Exchanger Leakage
Corrosion on the process side causes the heat exchanger tubing to mechanically fail, allowing the process fluid to leak into the condensate return line. This can cause serious damage to the boiler. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the condensate downstream of the heat exchanger and to dump it as soon as it shows signs of contamination.
An excellent indication of contamination can be obtained by measuring the conductivity of the condensate because pure condensate has a very low conductivity value (1 to 10 µS) while contaminates (typically salts, acids or alkalis) that are introduced when leakage occurs have a significantly higher conductivity value. Because of the sizeable differences in values, even the slightest leak will sharply increase the conductivity reading. Any marked increase in the conductivity of the condensate indicates that leakage is present and that the condensate should be sent to drain.
Measurement and control of heat exchanger leakage can help prevent costly maintenance, repair, and downtime. The simple, essentially maintenance-free measurement of condensate conductivity gives operators the necessary information (or provides automatic control) to prevent severe damage to the boiler should a breakthrough of the heat exchanger occur.
Measuring the Electric Conductivity with Clean-in-Place (CIP) System
In the Pharmaceutical, Chemical and Food & Beverage industries, after manufacturing products, the cleaning and sterilization of tanks and piping are done with various cleaning solutions, fresh or hot water and steam. Clean-in-Place (CIP) is a system designed for automatic cleaning and disinfecting.
Yokogawa's inductive conductivity liquid process analyzer takes measurements with good boundary surface precision over a wide range, earning it a reputation in the recovery of cleaning, which contributes significantly to reduce chemical and wastewater processing costs.
Percent Concentration
There are numerous industrial applications where measurements and/or control of a specific chemical strength of the process is critical for optimizing the production of the end product. These specific concentrations are obtained by mixing a full strength solution with water to achieve the desired percent concentration. Conductivity measurement is a reliable indicator of the concentration of most acid or base solutions.
In a semiconductor plant, a variety of chemicals are used in various manufacturing processes. The chemicals used for specific purposes are produced by diluting raw liquid with demineralized water using in diluting equipment, and the control of the concentration at this point is performed by conductivity measurement.
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What is "then" here?
I can hardly understand the "then" here.
"Then" means at a particular time in the past or in the future.
I wasn't treated fairly, but then (again) it's life.
If you think about it more or from a different perspective, it will make more sense. If you believe that the world we live in doesn't always seem to be fair, then you, who were treated badly, is a just another example of this belief.
Your Answer


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You may have heard about a computing concept known as motes. This concept is also called smart dust and wireless sensing networks. At one point, just about every issue of Popular Science, Discover and Wired today contains a blurb about some new application of the mote idea. For example, the military plans to use them to gather information on battlefields, and engineers plan to mix them into concrete and use them to internally monitor the health of buildings and bridges.
There are thousands of different ways that motes might be used, and as people get familiar with the concept they come up with even more. It is a completely new paradigm for distributed sensing and it is opening up a fascinating new way to look at computers.
In this article, you will have a chance to understand how motes work and see many of the possible applications of the technology. Then we will look at a MICA mote -- an existing technology that you can buy to experiment with this unique way of sensing the world.


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De toekomst van het middenveld (The future of the middle ground)
- O. van Munster, E.J.T. van den Berg and A. van der Veen
- The Hague: Delwel, 1996
- Publishing date:
- Nr of pages:
This publication is no longer available through Berenschot.
The social middle ground is not what it used to be. That's something that both friends and foes agree on. In the welfare state era, the building structure of organisations between government and market was an important factor in society. Now we are changing from a welfare state to a transaction state, the authority of the middle ground is crumbling. In this publication, the authors explore the reason for this decline.
This analysis is important for the authors' intention: an exploration of the future of the middle ground. Using a scenario analysis, the middle ground is viewed against the background of various social developments. At each step, they study how the government is affected by these developments and how it could respond.


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Beethoven Thesaurus - Content
Content of the Beethoven Thesaurus
In order to facilitate use by the largest audience possible, the Thesaurus terms were derived from Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) and subdivisions whenever possible. Additional headings more specific to Beethoven studies were created when necessary to lead users to subjects that they cannot search with LCSHs. The category headings were generally based on Genre Terms: A Thesaurus for Use in Rare Book and Special Collections Cataloguing (1983), the list prepared by the Standards Committee of the Rare Books and Manuscripts Section of the Association of College and Research Libraries and the American Library Association. As needed, these Category terms were supplemented with music and Beethoven-related terms.
The Beethoven Thesaurus currently consists of eight hierarchies, listed below. Following each term are scope notes, instructions on usage, and lists of associated terms.
- Categories [formerly titled "Book genres"]: Terms to describe the type or format of books or other literature being indexed (e.g. Academic dissertations; Iconographies; Bibliographies; etc.). These terms are used in Category searches and limits.
- Documents: Terms that identify or describe Beethoven's manuscripts, autograph scores not in Beethoven's hand, and other documents of his life and work, as well as terms associated with study of those documents (such as Sketches; Conversation books; Correction lists; Watermarks; etc.) This hierarchy excludes letters, which have been moved to a new hierarchy currently under development.
- Free-floaters: Terms used as subdivisions to Beethoven's name that describe Beethoven as a person, such as his physical appearance and character traits, relationships with other people, views on musical and non-musical subjects, his own performance and compositional practices, and daily activities and events of his life (e.g. Alcohol use; Conducting; Guardianship; Travels; Views on critics; etc.).
- Free-floaters supplemental: Terms used as subdivisions to names other than Beethoven, including individuals (e.g. Franz Liszt) and institutions (e.g. Beethoven-Haus) to identify specific activities, events, or ideas associated with the name.
- Geographical subjects: Terms that may be used alone to identify locations where Beethoven lived and worked (such as Heiligenstadt) or as geographic subdivisions to topical headings (such as Travels--Prague; Romanticism--Literature--Germany; etc.).
- Music terms:Terms that describe aspects of Beethoven's musical compositions (such as Heroic style; Metronome markings; Key relationships; etc.) or approaches to study of these works (e.g. Analysis; Harmonic rhythm; Key relationships; etc.).
- General topical subjects: Terms from fields external to the field of music, such as general history, medicine, psychology, sociology, philosophy, etc. (e.g. French Revolution; Economics--Vienna--1800, etc.).
- Works list: Terms that classify Beethoven's complete works by genre (such as Symphonies; Concertos; etc.) in an alphabetical listing of all works by Opus, WoO, Hess, or other thematic catalog numbers, with cross-references. These terms may be used in Major Subject or Subject searches and limits. The genre terms or opus numbers may also be used to search for editions of Beethoven's works in the "Beethoven Scores" index.


A Soft Processor Overlay with Tightly-coupled FPGA Accelerator
06/21/2016 ∙ by Ho-Cheung Ng, et al. ∙ 0
FPGA overlays are commonly implemented as coarse-grained reconfigurable architectures with a goal to improve designers' productivity through balancing flexibility and ease of configuration of the underlying fabric. To truly facilitate full application acceleration, it is often necessary to also include a highly efficient processor that integrates and collaborates with the accelerators while maintaining the benefits of being implemented within the same overlay framework. This paper presents an open-source soft processor that is designed to tightly-couple with FPGA accelerators as part of an overlay framework. RISC-V is chosen as the instruction set for its openness and portability, and the soft processor is designed as a 4-stage pipeline to balance resource consumption and performance when implemented on FPGAs. The processor is generically implemented so as to promote design portability and compatibility across different FPGA platforms. Experimental results show that integrated software-hardware applications using the proposed tightly-coupled architecture achieve comparable performance as hardware-only accelerators while the proposed architecture provides additional run-time flexibility. The processor has been synthesized to both low-end and high-performance FPGA families from different vendors, achieving the highest frequency of 268.67MHz and resource consumption comparable to existing RISC-V designs.
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This week in AI


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Kitty Murphy: Society of Biblical Literature Panelist and New Book Contract
At this year's annual meeting of the Society of Biblical Literature in Boston in November, Prof. Kitty Murphy offered responses to two books as part of panel discussions. The first book is an upcoming Fortress Press volume by a variety of authors on Wealth and Poverty in the Biblical World. The second is a recently published Fortress Press book, this one by Roland Boer and Christina Petterson, Time of Troubles: A New Economic Framework for Early Christianity, in which the authors use a particular school of Marxist thought to explore the rise of early Christianity in an economic context of increasing slavery and land concentration. Prof. Murphy has also just received a contract with Abingdon Press to write a book on the Synoptic Gospels that introduces the political and economic world of the early Roman Empire as the context within and against which the early Christians imagine Jesus' significance and shape their lives in community. The book is part of a new series at Abingdon called Core Biblical Studies.


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Patriarchal Leadership in the Home
"Lesson 14: Patriarchal Leadership in the Home," Young Women Manual 1, (2002),56
Each young woman will understand the patriarchal order in the home.
1. Bring a pencil for each class member.
2. Prepare a copy of the quiz on page 60 for each young woman. If you do not wish to use the quiz, assign the questions to class members. Give the young women the quotations that correspond to their questions and have them present a panel discussion.
3. Assign young women to present any stories, scriptures, or quotations you wish.
Note to the teacher
The young women in your class come from varied backgrounds and family situations. Some have fathers who are righteous patriarchs in their families. Others may have fathers who are not active in the Church or who are not members. Some may not have fathers in their homes. Be sensitive to each young woman's situation. Regardless of present family situations, the objective of this lesson is to teach what the patriarchal order is and how a patriarch can bless his family.
SUGGESTED LESSON DEVELOPMENT
The Patriarchal Order Is the Lord's Plan for Families
Give each young woman a pencil and a copy of the following quiz (see also page 60). Allow about five minutes for them to answer the questions. Explain that no one will see their answers. Point out that there may be more than one correct answer.
What Do You Know about the Patriarchal Order?
Choose the correct answer or answers to each of the following:
1. The patriarchal order is:
2. The most important organization in the Church is:
3. The presiding authority in your family is:
4. As presiding authority in the family, some of the father's responsibilities are to:
5. Some of the mother's responsibilities are to:
6. According to the Lord's plan, who is responsible for loving and teaching the children?
7. In the Lord's plan:
8. Although each father presides in his family, in order to preside as the patriarchal head of a family, he must:
9. The father has the role of patriarch because:
After the young women have completed the quiz, read the questions aloud. After reading each question, let the young women give their answers. Then read, or have someone else read, the corresponding quotation given below.
Each quotation contains a clue for the correct answer to the question it refers to. Italics have been added to show key words. After each quotation is read, identify the correct answer or answers to the question.
Quotations and discussion
"The Lord's government is patriarchal in nature. The family … is the center" (Bruce R. McConkie, Mormon Doctrine, 2nd ed. [Salt Lake City: Bookcraft, 1966], p. 559; italics added).
"The family is the most important organization in time or in eternity. Our purpose in life is to create for ourselves eternal family units" (Joseph Fielding Smith, in Conference Report, Apr. 1972, p. 13; or Ensign, July 1972, p. 27).
"In the home the presiding authority is always vested in the father, and in all home affairs and family matters there is no other authority paramount" (Joseph F. Smith, Gospel Doctrine [Salt Lake City: Deseret Book Co., 1975], p. 27; italics added).
"God established that fathers are to preside in the home. Fathers are to provide, love, teach, and direct" (Ezra Taft Benson, in Conference Report, Apr. 1984, p. 6; or Ensign, May 1984, p. 6; italics added).
" 'Fatherhood is leadership, the most important kind of leadership. It has always been so; it will always be so. Father, with the assistance and counsel and encouragement of your eternal companion, you preside in the home' " (Father, Consider Your Ways [pamphlet, 1973], pp. 4–5; as cited by Ezra Taft Benson, Ensign, Nov. 1987, p. 49).
Since this is such an important concept, you may wish to discuss the answer in greater detail. Point out that all three of the answers given in the quiz are correct. Ask the young women to add additional suggestions of things the father does as patriarchal head of the home. The statements of President Benson suggest some; perhaps you can draw from the young women other suggestions, such as setting a righteous example, sharing his testimony and convictions, and seeing that family members are taught correct principles.
"At the time of the creation, the responsibility of bearing and nurturing children was assigned the mother. The primary role of providing was assigned the father. There is nothing in all of scripture that alters this fundamental understanding; and indeed, modern scripture and modern prophets have reinforced this basic relationship between fathers and mothers" (The Church and the Proposed Equal Rights Amendment [booklet], pp. 11–12; italics added; insert in the March 1980 Ensign).
"Fortunately, [a father is] not required to preside and judge and act without counsel, without assistance. [He has] a wife—a companion, a counselor, a partner, a helpmeet, a friend" (Father, Consider Your Ways [pamphlet, n.d.], p. 3; italics added).
"Truly a tremendous responsibility falls upon a couple when they bring children into the world. Not only food, clothes, and shelter are required of them, but loving, kindly disciplining, teaching, and training" (Spencer W. Kimball, "Train Up a Child," Ensign, Apr. 1978, p. 5; italics added).
"In the Church there is full equality between man and woman. The gospel … was devised by the Lord for men and women alike. … The privileges and requirements of the gospel are fundamentally alike for men and women. The Lord loves His daughters as well as He loves His sons" (John A. Widtsoe, Evidences and Reconciliations [Salt Lake City: Bookcraft, 1960], p. 30; italics added).
"Although each father is the head of his family, in the strict sense of the word the Latter-day Saint family cannot be called patriarchal unless the husband holds the Melchizedek Priesthood and the wife was married to or sealed to the husband in the temple, and the children were born in the covenant or sealed to their parents" (A Light unto the World [Melchizedek Priesthood course of study, 1967–68], p. 55; italics added).
Since there may possibly be young women in your class whose fathers do not hold the Melchizedek Priesthood, you may wish to read and discuss the following statement.
"To the comment, 'My husband [or father] is not a member of the Church, nor does he respect it,' I with love and compassion answer: 'Dear Sister, whether he is a member or not, he is still the father and head of the family. … Support him in his positive actions. Show him that you believe in and trust his ability to direct the family. Encourage him with noble examples" (Richard G. Scott, "Father Is Head of the Family," Ensign, Feb. 1977, pp. 84–85).
"The patriarchal order is of divine origin and will continue throughout time and eternity. There is, then, a particular reason why men, women and children should understand this order and this authority in the households of the people of God. … It is not merely a question of who is perhaps the best qualified. Neither is it wholly a question of who is living the most worthy life. It is a question largely of law and order" (Joseph F. Smith, Gospel Doctrine, p. 287; italics added).
Point out that the word patriarch is related to the word father. But we use this word in a special way. The term patriarchal order refers to the line of people from Adam on down through all generations who are linked together by eternal temple ordinances. These people will maintain their family relationships forever. When a couple is married in the temple, the husband and wife become eligible to become part of this great eternal family. The man becomes not only the father, but the patriarch of his family. This means that he is responsible to help his family live in such a way that they can return to Heavenly Father together. And because he holds the Melchizedek Priesthood, he can bless his family and teach them in a way he could not otherwise do.
A Young Woman Can Support Her Father in His Role
Ask the young women to think of ways in which they can support their fathers. List the ideas on the chalkboard. Their suggestions might include some of the following:
Some of the young women may feel that it would be difficult to express their love and support to their fathers. You might wish to have a young woman tell the following story:
When Sister Lois Christensen was a girl, her Sunday School teacher asked each class member to tell her father that she loved him. Lois felt that this was an impossible assignment for her to fill. Her father was not active in the Church, and the communication gap between them was wide. Love was never expressed verbally in her family. She stayed after the other class members had left to tell her teacher she couldn't do it. In her own words, she says:
"But Sister Innes wasn't convinced. She looked at me and said, '


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The Degradation of Food and the Struggle for Healthy Eating (UBC Press, 2013)
The Industrial Diet chronicles the long-term transformation of food from essential nutrients into edible commodities that far too often
fail to nourish us. This book reveals
how a combination of technological changes, population growth, and political and economic factors helped constitute and transform mass diets from the nineteenth century
to the present day. In The Industrial Diet Anthony Winson details how the dominant economic logic of pushing product for profit has resulted in the systematic degradation of food and led to the saturation of our food environments with nutrient poor edible commodities.
This book argues that this degradation of our food can be boiled down to three basic processes: the simplification of food, the speed-up of food making, and the widespread adulteration of food, notably with sugar, salt and fat. Each of these related processes is given a detailed examination, as is the mass marketing and spatial colonization of a suite of problematic edible products that constitute the industrial diet. Particular attention is given to the globalization of the industrial diet in contemporary times, and the emerging health burden of this diet in the developed and developing world. Not surprisingly, there has been an ever-increasing resistance to this industrial diet, and this book seeks to give the reader some idea of its scope and promise by providing American and Canadian case studies of 'transformative' alternative food organizations that offer realistic and innovative strategies for a healthier future.


()
Print stack trace
Calculate the time spent
You can easily calculate how much time a function takes to run, using time() and timeEnd()
const doSomething = () => console.log('test')
const measureDoingSomething = () => {
 //do something, and measure the time it takes
Use console time
Generate a CPU profile
The DevTools allow you to analyze the CPU profile performance of any function.
You can start that manually, but the most accurate way to do so is to wrap what you want to monitor between the profile() and profileEnd() commands. They are similar to time() and timeEnd(), except they don't just measure time, but create a more detailed report.
const measureDoingSomething = () => {
 //do something, and measure its performance
Generate a CPU profile


Webinar Overview
Genetically engineered strains of mice can be a labor of love as researchers are dedicating valuable resources towards the creation and management of these specialized mice. As a result, it's important to protect them against potential disasters, such as genetic drift, rapid depopulations, contamination, fires, and so on.
This webinar will discuss key aspects to confidently put together reliable and scalable cryopreservation solutions, including the advantages and benefits of both embryo and sperm cryopreservation. You'll learn best practices to reduce the risk and secure your precious genetic lines while saving time and money, and supporting the 3Rs.
Webinar Presenter
Philip Damiani headshot
Philip Damiani, PhD
Director, GEMS and Rederivation Operations
Charles River


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Can any one tell how much energy can be stored in the a single battery (12v)?
If I want to store 10 kWh of energy then how to calculate the number of batteries required.
power -> energy
kW -> kWh
No, since batteries store energy, not power. Your question makes no sense since the units are wrong. It is like asking what percent interest your wallet holds.
Batteries store energy. Power is energy per time. This also means that energy can be expressed as power times time, like the kiloWatt-hours used to express the electric energy your house consumes during a billing period. Another common measure of energy is the Joule. A Watt (a unit of power) is one Joule per second. A kiloWatt-hour is therefore 3.6 MJ.
Batteries are usually rated in units of current times time. This does not directly tell you how much energy the battery can store, but can be a more useful value in deciding how long a circuit will run from a battery. For example, a car battery might be rated for 50 Ah. That means in theory it could source 50 A continously for 1 hour and then go dead. In practise it's never that simple, and there are various factors that effect battery capacity (the current*time rating), like temperature rate of discharge, previous history, etc.
10 kW from 12V -> 833Amps
10kWh from 12V batteries -> 833Ah capacity
Or seventeen 50Ah car batteries in parallel
Olin's answer is pretty good, but it's worth noting that batteries are rated in amp hours because many factors which affect the amount of voltage a battery can deliver in any particular situation have much less effect on the total amount of charge it will be able to deliver. A battery which would be 90% depleted after delivering 3600 Coulombs (1AH) at 12.0 volts under one set of circumstances would probably be 90% depleted after delivering 3600 Coulombs (1AH) at 10.2 volts, even though in the latter scenario it would have delivered 15% less usable energy.
It's also worth noting that trying to get charge from a battery quickly (i.e. trying to draw large amounts of current) will generally cause the output voltage to sag, reducing the amount of energy delivered per unit of charge consumed, and consequently reducing the total amount of energy one will be able to extract before the battery is depleted. Some batteries exhibit this behavior to a much larger extent than others. A simplified way of thinking about this is to think of a battery as being like a parking lot, with some combination of parking places and travel lanes. A parking lot in which every parking space had its own dedicated lane to the outside could be loaded and unloaded very quickly, but wouldn't be able to accommodate very many cars. A parking lot which crammed cars within a few inches of each other and had no dedicated travel lanes except right at the exit might hold ten times as many cars, but getting cars in and out would be very slow. Most parking lots are, of course, somewhere between those two extremes, but there is still considerable variation.
As people have noted, what is stored is, effectively, energy
Energy is a measure of how much work has been done or can be done.
A car may operate at 40 HP while driving under certain conditions.
If the same car operated for one hour at 40 HP then the energy used is 40 horsepower.hours. We do not usually hear HP.hours mentioned BUT we do hear of kiloatt hours or kWh when measuring electrical energy.
Batteries are often rated in Ampere.hours or Amp.hours or Ah.
The proper units of power (= instantaneous work rate) for a battery is Watts. The proper units of energy (= work done or doable) for a battery is Watt. seconds or Joules.
If we work for one second at a power of one Watt we do 1 Watt second of work or 1 Joule of work and use 1 Joule of energy.
For interest, we do about one Joule of work by lifting 0.1 kg a height of one metre against sea level gravity.
Now - all the above is true [E&OE] but liable to confuse. There is a vast amount about this on the internet. For now
Power = rate of doing work Watts or kiloWatts (1000 Watts = 1 kW.)
1000 Joules = 1 kiloJoule = 1 kJ.
In one hour at one Watt we use 1 W x 3600 s = 3600 Joule = 3.6 kJ
Battery energy = Volts_average x Amp hours capacity = Watt hour capacity.
Battery energy density:
Energy density can be measured in two ways.
Volumetric energy density tells use how many Watt hours can b fitted into 1 litre
How much battery capacity / mass / volume is needed to provide a certain number of Joule can be determined from data for the battery chemistry used.
Table below is somewhat out of date but gives some idea.
Carbon Zinc 9 60-120


The editor allows a user to choose components from a list of predefined and highly customizable HTML and AMP elements. The left side of the editor contains a list of all the element types that can be added in an email. Click on an element type to browse through a list of all available elements. Click on the element you want in your email to insert it to the workspace.
Once you have inserted the element you need, you can modify its properties such as content, colours, size, margin size in the right-side panel. Select the element to access the panel.
Adding actionable forms
Forms are part of the AMP element type. You can select forms from the left side panel of the editor. You can change the design, question components and their type from the right-side panel. You can also add multiple pages to these forms and customise the Success and failure outcome pages of the forms.
You can always 'Preview' your design using the button on the top-right. Once your design is finalised you are ready to send out the email campaign. If you plan to send the campaign later you can save the draft using the button on the top-right corner.
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Great Books
Mountains Beyond Mountains
Tracy Kidder
My Own Country
Dr. Abraham Verghese
The Demon in the Freezer
Richard Preston
"Based on the extensive interviews with smallpox experts, health workers, and members of the U.S. intelligence community, The Demon in the Freezer details the history and behavior of the virus and how it was eventually isolated and eradicated by the heroid individuals of the World Health Organization. Preston also explains why a battle still rages between those who want to destroy all know stocks of the virus and those who want to keep some samples alive until a cure is found..."
Infections and Inequalities
Dr. Paul Farmer
"Aiming to explain why infectious diseases such as AIDS and tuberculosis target the poor, Farmer fills his new work with harrowing public-health case studies of the pathogenic effects of poverty and other grim social conditions. Farmer provides a well-referenced analysis of everything from cell-mediated immunity to healthcare access issues. The studies outlined show that extreme poverty, filth, and malnutrition are associated with infectious disease and what attitudes and behaviors contribute to the lack of undertanding about disease..."


4. Providing Care
Providing The Best Care
Caring for someone who has a brain tumour can be challenging In addition to their physical changes, mental health issues like mood swings, personality changes and different way of thinking. As a result, carers often have a variety of responsibilities that can feel overwhelming.
Brain tumour symptoms include: include headaches, seizures, nausea, muscle weakness, vision problems, bowel / bladder problems, personality changes, confusion, impaired judgment, memory loss, depression, anxiety and anger.


_addvendorclass(Pool *pool, const char **vendorclass);
Add a new vendor equivalence class to the system. A vendor equivalence class defines if an installed package of one vendor can be replaced by a package coming from a different vendor. The vendorclass argument must be a NULL terminated array of strings. See the section about vendor policies for more information.
void pool_setvendorclasses(Pool *pool, const char **vendorclasses);
Set all allowed vendor equivalences. The vendorclasses argument must be an NULL terminated array consisting of all allowed classes concatenated. Each class itself must be NULL terminated, thus the last class ends with two NULL elements, one to finish the class and one to finish the list of classes.
void pool_set_custom_vendorcheck(Pool *pool, int (*vendorcheck)(Pool *, Solvable *, Solvable *));
Define a custom vendor check mechanism. You can use this if libsolv's internal vendor equivalence class mechanism does not match your needs.
void pool_setloadcallback(Pool *pool, int (*cb)(Pool *, Repodata *, void *), void *loadcbdata);
Define a callback function that gets called when repository metadata needs to be loaded on demand. See the section about on demand loading in the libsolv-repodata manual.
void pool_setnamespacecallback(Pool *pool, Id (*cb)(Pool *, void *, Id, Id), void *nscbdata);
Define a callback function to implement custom namespace support. See the section about namespace dependencies.
The Id of the empty string, it is always Id 1.
Represents a "<" relation.
Represents a "=" relation.
Represents a ">" relation. You can use combinations of REL_GT, REL_EQ, and REL_LT or-ed together to create any relation you like.
A boolean AND operation, the "name" and "evr" parts of the relation can be two sub-dependencies. Packages must match both parts of the dependency.
A boolean OR operation, the "name" and "evr" parts of the relation can be two sub-dependencies. Packages can match any part of the dependency.
Like REL_AND, but packages must match both dependencies simultaneously. See the section about boolean dependencies about more information.
A special namespace relation. See the section about namespace dependencies for more information.
An architecture filter dependency. The "name" part of the relation is a sub-dependency, the "evr" part is the Id of an architecture that the matching packages must have (note that this is an exact match ignoring architecture policies).
An internal file conflict dependency used to represent file conflicts. See the pool_add_fileconflicts_deps() function.
A conditional dependency, the "name" sub-dependency is only considered if the "evr" sub-dependency is fulfilled. See the section about boolean dependencies about more information.
A compat dependency used in Haiku to represent version ranges. The "name" part is the actual version, the "evr" part is the backwards compatibility version.
Id pool_str2id(Pool *pool, const char *str, int create);
Add a string to the pool of unified strings, returning the Id of the string. If create is zero, new strings will not be added to the pool, instead Id 0 is returned.
Id pool_strn2id(Pool *pool, const char *str, unsigned int len, int create);
Same as pool_str2id, but only len characters of the string are used. This can be used to add substrings to the pool.
Id pool_rel2id(Pool *pool, Id name, Id evr, int flags, int create);
Create a relational dependency from to other dependencies, name and evr, and a flag. See the REL_ constants for the supported flags. As with pool_str2id, create defines if new dependencies will get added or Id zero will be returned instead.
Id pool_id2langid(Pool *pool, Id id, const char *lang, int create);
Attach a language suffix to a string Id. This function can be used to create language keyname Ids from keynames, it is functional equivalent to converting the id argument to a string, adding a ":" character and the lang argument to the string and then converting the result back into an Id.
const char *pool_id2str(const Pool *pool, Id id);
Convert an Id back into a string. If the Id is a relational Id, the "name" part will be converted instead.
const char *pool_id2rel(const Pool *pool, Id id);
Return the relation string of a relational Id. Returns an empty string if the passed Id is not a relation.
const char *pool_id2evr(const Pool *pool, Id id);
Return the "evr" part of a relational Id as string. Returns an empty string if the passed Id is not a relation.
const char *pool_dep2str(Pool *pool, Id id);
Convert an Id back into a string. If the passed Id belongs to a relation, a string representing the relation is returned. Note that in that case the string is allocated on the pool's temporary space.
void pool_freeidhashes(Pool *pool);
Free the hashes used to unify strings and relations. You can use this function to save memory if you know that you will no longer create new strings and relations.
Solvable *pool_id2solvable(const Pool *pool, Id p);
Convert a solvable Id into a pointer to the solvable data. Note that the pointer may become invalid if new solvables are created or old solvables deleted, because the array storing all solvables may get reallocated.
const char *pool_solvid2str(Pool *pool, Id p);
Return a string representing the solvable with the Id p. The string will be some canonical representation of the solvable, usually a combination of the name, the version, and the architecture.
const char *pool_solvable2str(Pool *pool, Solvable *s);
Same as pool_solvid2str, but instead of the Id, a pointer to the solvable is passed.
Compare all parts of the version, treat missing parts as empty strings.
A special mode for rpm version string matching. If a version misses a release part, it matches all releases. In that case the special values "-2" and "2" are returned, depending on which of the two versions did not have a release part.
A generic match, missing parts always match.
Only compare the epoch and the version parts, ignore the release part.
int pool_evrcmp(const Pool *pool, Id evr1id, Id evr2id, int mode);
Compare two version Ids, return -1 if the first version is less than the second version, 0 if they are identical, and 1 if the first version is bigger than the second one.
int pool_evrcmp_str(const Pool *pool, const char *evr1, const char *evr2, int mode);
Same as pool_evrcmp(), but uses strings instead of Ids.
int pool_evrmatch(const Pool *pool, Id evrid, const char *epoch, const char *version, const char *release);
Match a version Id against an epoch, a version and a release string. Passing NULL means that the part should match everything.
int pool_match_dep(Pool *pool, Id d1, Id d2);
Returns "1" if the dependency d1 (the provider) is matched by the dependency d2, otherwise "0" is returned. For two dependencies to match, both the "name" parts must match and the version range described by the "evr" parts must overlap.
int pool_match_nevr(Pool *pool, Solvable *s, Id d);
Like pool_match_dep, but the provider is the "self-provides" dependency of the Solvable s, i.e. the dependency "s→name = s→evr".
void pool_createwhatprovides(Pool *pool);
Create an index that maps dependency Ids to sets of packages that provide the dependency.
void pool_freewhatprovides(Pool *pool);
Free the whatprovides index to save memory.
Id pool_whatprovides(Pool *pool, Id d);
Return an offset into the Pool's whatprovidesdata array. The solvables with the Ids stored starting at that offset provide the dependency d. The solvable list is zero terminated.
Id *pool_whatprovides_ptr(Pool *pool, Id d);
Instead of returning the offset, return the pointer to the Ids stored at that offset. Note that this pointer has a very limit validity time, as any call that adds new values to the whatprovidesdata area may reallocate the array.
Id pool_queuetowhatprovides(Pool *pool, Queue *q);
Add the contents of the Queue q to the end of the whatprovidesdata array, returning the offset into the array.
void pool_addfileprovides(Pool *pool);
Some package managers like rpm allow dependencies on files contained in other packages. To allow libsolv to deal with those dependencies in an efficient way, you need to call the addfileprovides method after creating and reading all repositories. This method will scan all dependency for file names and then scan all packages for matching files. If a filename has been matched, it will be added to the provides list of the corresponding package.
void pool_addfileprovides_queue(Pool *pool, Queue *idq, Queue *idqinst);
Same as pool_addfileprovides, but the added Ids are returned in two Queues, idq for all repositories except the one containing the "installed" packages, idqinst for the latter one. This information


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Why the government (and the DARPA in particular)is spending all these millions to improve the homomorphic encryption?which useful usage could it get?
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Which millions? Please provide which projects you are speaking about. One interesting project is this one here. Please, be more specific. – user1458 Apr 30 '12 at 0:09
2 Answers 2
Homomorphic encryption is important for more than one reason.
However, the situations where I'm aware of its direct value is for self-modifying code e.g. packers and further protection of self-integrity-checking code. In other words, it's useful for software protection and potentially DRM.
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In one sentence: data can be modified and calculated without being disclosed. Quoting from the Wikipedia page:... effectively allowing the construction of programs which may be run on encryptions of their inputs to produce an encryption of their output. Since such a program never decrypts its input, it can be run by an untrusted party without revealing its inputs and internal state.
Like with most research agencies, their possible benefits aren't fully described. The full benefits of GPS, for example, were probably not imagined at the time either.
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Wow. Really? Wow! The more I learn about cryptography, the more it just blows me away!! – Kromey May 19 '11 at 23:32
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text:
HTML5, the successor of Flash, has improved upon its predecessor's flaws – the lack of support for mobile devices, for example. However, moving your Flash-based learning ecosystem to HTML5-based e-learning involves a significant budget, and more importantly demands careful planning.
Before you go ahead with the migration, you need to be certain of the approach you have chosen. In this blog, I will offer you a handy checklist to help you when planning for a Flash to HTML5 migration.
1. List all the courses you want to convert/migrate
The first step – and the most important one – you must follow is, recognizing the various Flash-based courses that you want to convert to HTML5. This is especially vital if you are planning for a pilot approach where you want to convert a few courses and see how your learning audience is going to respond to it. It is ok to test the waters before you convert all the courses.
2. Ensure all the source files are in place
The next important step is to gather all the source files of the legacy courses. Source files are essentially the files a developer uses to create the e-learning, before exporting them for the final output (e-learning course). If your legacy courses were developed by an in-house development team or by a third-party content vendor, ensure that you compile all the related source files. These source files will contain all of your text, media, and resources. Having all these source files in place ensures that your migration process is smooth.
3. Identify the need: Technology update vs. complete redesign
There may be some courses in your repository of legacy courses which may do well with just a technology update, and there may be others that need a complete visual overhaul. Identify the need by evaluating the overall nature of upliftment and then chart a priority list. For your understanding, here's an example of how you can map your priorities:
- Courses that you have developed recently may require only a technology upliftment (Conversion to HTML5 with no instructional design involved)
- Compliance courses (if any) that will work just fine with a visual uplift
- Legacy courses may have to be restructured completely (including instructional design)
4. Evaluate converting long courses to shorter, bite-sized mobile learning
Today's learners expect training to be short, yet useful. They may not have the patience to sit through an hour-long course. It's crucial to understand that your learners are multi-device users (Smartphones, tablets), which means that you have to evaluate a completely different approach for them. Besides, Smartphones and tablets, in the past few years, have been shaping how learners access training resources.
From your repository of legacy courses, identify courses that are anywhere between 1 and 2 hours (more than 50 slides), and convert them into short, digestible courses, also called mobile learning. Mobile learning, as the name suggests, refers to accessing training resources on portable mobile devices, such as Smartphones, tablets, and laptops. The other advantage of mobile learning is that these courses can act as performance support tools (PSTs) for your multi-device learners, who would want to learn and improve their skills even when they are away from the training.
5. Select an authoring tool which supports responsive e-learning
If your mobile learning courses are to work seamlessly on all types of mobile devices, then you need a tool that supports responsive e-learning development. Responsive e-learning is developing online courses that can be accessed efficiently on multiple devices. The courses are "responsive" to the varying screen sizes of various digital devices and provide an optimal viewing experience.
One of the biggest advantages of moving from Flash-based to HTML5-based e-learning is mobile learning. Mobile learning has been growing in popularity among the learning and development community, and especially among the new-age learners who use multiple devices to access training. It is not only important to cater to your learners' needs, but also join and move along with the technology that is shaping the e-learning space – in your case, moving from Flash to HTML5.


1. The act of dissolving, sundering, or separating into component parts; separation. Dissolutions of ancient amities. (Shak)
2. Change from a solid to a fluid state; solution by heat or moisture; liquefaction; melting.
3. Change of form by chemical agency; decomposition; resolution. The dissolution of the compound. (South)
4. The dispersion of an assembly by terminating its sessions; the breaking up of a partnership. Dissolution is the civil death of Parliament. (Blackstone)
5. The extinction of life in the human body; separation of the soul from the body; death. We expected immediate dissolution. (Milton)
6. The state of being dissolved, or of undergoing liquefaction. A man of continual dissolution and thaw. (Shak)
7. The new product formed by dissolving a body; a solution.
8. Destruction of anything by the separation of its parts; ruin. To make a present dissolution of the world. (Hooker)
9. Corruption of morals; dissipation; dissoluteness.
Origin: oe. Dissolucioun dissoluteness, f. Dissolution, fr. L. Dissolutio, fr. Dissolvere. See dissolve.
Retrieved from "_URL_
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text:
Splash!: a prospective birth cohort study of the impact of environmental, social and family-level influences on child oral health and obesity related risk factors and outcomes
1 McCaughey Centre, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton Australia
2 Dental Health Services Victoria, Carlton, Australia
3 Oral Health Services, Barwon Health, Geelong Australia
4 Health Economics, Deakin University, Burwood Australia
5 School of Dental Science, LaTrobe University, Bendigo Australia
6 Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, The University of Melbourne, Carlton Australia
7 WHO Collaborating Centre for Obesity Prevention, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
BMC Public Health 2011, 11:505 doi:10.1186/_PHONE_-505Published: 27 June 2011
Dental caries (decay) is the most prevalent disease of childhood. It is often left untreated and can impact negatively on general health, and physical, developmental, social and learning outcomes. Similar to other health issues, the greatest burden of dental caries is seen in those of low socio-economic position. In addition, a number of diet-related risk factors for dental caries are shared risk factors for the development of childhood obesity. These include high and frequent consumption of refined carbohydrates (predominately sugars), and soft drinks and other sweetened beverages, and low intake of (fluoridated) water. The prevalence of childhood obesity is also at a concerning level in most countries and there is an opportunity to determine interventions for addressing both of these largely preventable conditions through sustainable and equitable solutions. This study aims to prospectively examine the impact of drink choices on child obesity risk and oral health status.
This is a two-stage study using a mixed methods research approach. The first stage involves qualitative interviews of a sub-sample of recruited parents to develop an understanding of the processes involved in drink choice, and inform the development of the Discrete Choice Experiment analysis and the measurement instruments to be used in the second stage. The second stage involves the establishment of a prospective birth cohort of 500 children from disadvantaged communities in rural and regional Victoria, Australia (with and without water fluoridation). This longitudinal design allows measurement of changes in the child's diet over time, exposure to fluoride sources including water, dental caries progression, and the risk of childhood obesity.
This research will provide a unique contribution to integrated health, education and social policy and program directions, by providing clearer policy relevant evidence on strategies to counter social and environmental factors which predispose infants and children to poor health, wellbeing and social outcomes; and evidence-based strategies to promote health and prevent disease through the adoption of healthier lifestyles and diet. Further, given the absence of evidence on the processes and effectiveness of contemporary policy implementation, such as community water fluoridation in rural and regional communities it's approach and findings will be extremely informative.


text:
Effect of attitudes toward women and other attitudinal variables on the formation of rape callousness and sexual misconduct among African, European, and Asian-American college students at a prestigious northeastern university: A longitudinal study
This study examined how college students' attitudes toward women were related to the formation of rape callousness for African, Asian and European-American men and women and how these attitudes related to men's self-reported sexual misconduct. The study also examined the effects of five additional variables: peer conformity, loyalty, cultural sophistication, kindness and just world beliefs, on the formation of rape callousness in men and women for each ethnic group as well as on men's sexual misconduct in each group. ^ This study was longitudinal in design. The entire entering class was surveyed in 1987. Five hundred and fifty-seven students responded to the study's initial questionnaire with useable sets of data. The same students were contacted four years later, during their senior year of study, to complete a second questionnaire; three hundred and three students responded with useable sets of data. The survey assessed general attitudes and values, as well as attitudes toward women and sexual attitudes and behaviors. ^ Hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that male dominance and negative attitudes toward feminism were significantly and positively related to rape callous acceptance for European and Asian-American students. Rape callousness and male dominance had a significant positive relationship with sexual aggression for Asian and European-American men. Such relationships were not found for African-American students. Surprisingly, results revealed a significant negative relationship between peer conformity and rape callousness for European and African-American students, whereas group loyalty showed a significant positive relationship with rape callousness for European-American students. Two-way MANOVA showed demographic differences in terms of gender-role and rape callous attitudes. Repeated measures MANOVA revealed that all men evidenced a decline in rape callous attitudes over the four years of college; whereas all women evidenced a decline in both rape callous and male dominant attitudes during the same time. Implications for research and practice are discussed. ^
Education, Bilingual and Multicultural|Black Studies|Psychology, Social|Women's Studies|Sociology, Criminology and Penology|Sociology, Ethnic and Racial Studies
Carol Joyce Pamm,
"Effect of attitudes toward women and other attitudinal variables on the formation of rape callousness and sexual misconduct among African, European, and Asian-American college students at a prestigious northeastern university: A longitudinal study"
(January 1, 2001).
Dissertations available from ProQuest.