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ISHOF Honorees
1965 Honor Swimmer
FOR THE RECORD: OLYMPIC GAMES: 1924 gold (4x100m freestyle relay), bronze (100m, 400m freestyle); WORLD and NATIONAL RECORDS: 29 (from 1921 to 1925 - in 1922 she set 7 world records in the course of one 500m swim); First woman to swim the English Channel, 1926 (beating all previous times by men).
Gertrude Ederle's two greatest days in swimming were at Brighton Beach in 1922 and in the English Channel in 1926, the first as an amateur, the second as a professional.
At Brighton Beach, Miss Ederle broke 7 world records at various distances in the course of a single 500 meter swim. In England, she became the first woman to swim the English Channel.
Trudy's great Channel swim was 51 years after Matthew Webb, the first man to swim the Channel, had achieved the impossible, and it completely captured the public imagination because such swimming immortals as Annette Kellerman had tried and failed, claiming the feat completely beyond the limits of a woman's strength and endurance. Gertrude Ederle not only swam the Channel but swam it faster than any man before her.
She held 29 U.S. national and world records from 1921 until she turned professional after the 1925 season. Her amateur national championships were won at distances from 50 yards to the half mile and her great professional Channel effort was 20 miles. Olympian Ederle was tough at any distance at the 1924 Paris Olympics.
Gertrude Ederle was the female counterpart of Johnny Weissmuller in that they were discussed in every household as the two greatest swimming figures of the 1920s, idols of the "Golden Age of Sport".


Water Bouncer vs Water Trampoline? Know the Difference Before Buying
There's a hot new trend among kids, and it's NOT a gadget, it's not powered by the Internet, and it doesn't even have a screen. What?!
It's called a water bouncer. So far, mostly passionate gymnasts and adventure-loving enthusiasts who live near a body of water know about it. But it's quickly catching on.
So, What Is a Water Bouncer?
A water bouncer is an inflatable platform that kids (and adults) use for fun and light exercise. It's first inflated and set up on land, and then moved onto the water.
The main parts of a water bouncer are an inflatable outer tube and a jump mat. Since it's so bouncy, it can be used for some light gymnastic exercises. Of course, kids often just use it to bounce for fun.
Starzcom's water bouncer comes with an electric pump which can inflate it in only four minutes. This makes the bouncer a cool party gadget for a day out on the lake. It's light, compact when deflated, quickly inflated, and easy to carry around.
It's a relatively new trend, so the summer of 2020 will hopefully be remembered NOT as a COVID-19 summer, but as the summer the water bouncers took off, covering lakes and bays, providing kids with hours of healthy fun.
How Is a Water Bouncer Different from a Water Trampoline?
Though people sometimes use these two terms interchangeably, there are some clear differences between water bouncers and trampolines.
The main technical difference is that water trampolines use springs to connect the jump mat with the outer tube, while bouncers use webbing. These springs are metal, and many trampolines also have a steel frame strapped to the tube, making the construction a little heavier, but also making trampolines a little bouncier than water bouncers.
Trampolines are also a bit more difficult to assemble, because of the frame and metal parts – it takes more time to set them up than bouncers. That's why their owners often anchor them for the whole summer. Otherwise, it would be a lot of hassle to go through the process multiple times during the season.
Water bouncers are lighter, without any metal parts which makes them ideal for younger children, and they are usually smaller than trampolines. Less costly as well.
Are Water Bouncers Safe?
As we mentioned, water bouncers don't have any metal springs or frames on the outer tube, so they are safer than trampolines. They are completely suitable for younger kids.
They are made of a sturdy PVC material, and can withstand all the jumping, stomping and savagery young kids can summon on their brightest vacation day.
Bouncers also have an anti-skid jump mat surface which decreases the chance of ugly falls and injuries.
It's important to understand that water bouncers are not the same thing as air tracks. If your kids are interested in practicing some riskier gymnast moves, flips, somersaults, etc., it's probably wiser to get an air track. It can be used both on land and water.
Water bouncers are safe as long as they are used properly – for recreational bouncing, light gymnastics, and lazy lounging in the sun.
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Set up a menu for callers and customize the call flow to fit your business needs best. Route calls based on set days and times, specify where they get routed, and what happens if the call goes unanswered.
From the Nextiva Voice admin dashboard, hover over Advanced Routing > Auto Attendants > Manage Auto Attendants. Select the Location > Pencil > Business Hours Menu or After Hours Menu. Select a Greeting. For more information on how to record a greeting, click here.
TIP: Select the Allow extension dialing during greeting checkbox to allows callers to dial the extension of the person they want to reach.
Create the business hours menu for the auto attendant > Save.
- Key: The numbered menu option that callers can press, such as press 0 for sales, 1 for support, 2 for billing, etc.
- Connection Data: The extension or external number calls should route to when callers press that numbered option. This does not apply to actions such as Disconnect Message or Repeat Menu.
- Connect To: Specify what happens when callers press that option. The most common option is Number/extension, which immediately forwards calls to an extension or external number. Options Include:
- Number/extension (prompt xfer): Send calls to a specified extension or external number and play a short message stating the call is being transferred.
- Number/extension: Sends calls to the specified extension or external number without playing any messages.
- Transfer to Operator: Sends calls to a specified extension or external number after playing a message that says, "please wait while your call is transferred to the operator." Callers who do not dial an extension or press a numbered option on the Auto Attendant will be transferred to the operator.
- Name Dialing: Send calls to an automated menu that prompts the caller to use their keypad to enter the name of the person they are calling.
- Extension Dialing: Send calls to an automated menu that allows callers to enter the extension of the person they are calling. This is not necessary if the Enable first-level extension dialing checkbox is selected.
- Voicemail Box: Send calls to the voicemail box of the Auto Attendant.
- Recorded Message: Play the selected message and send calls back to the main Auto Attendant menu.
- Repeat Menu: Replay the message.
- Disconnect Message: End the call.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
This is Part 1 of a multi-part entry into the process and pains of the creation of JPL's map of Isla Sorna. Eventually these entries will be merged into one article and made part of the Encyclopedia.
Jurassic Park Legacy's map of Isla Sorna (aka Site B) has been a many-years long endeavor. Numerous maps of Isla Sorna exist, both in-film props and real world publicity items. One would therefore think that it would be a simple thing to create a map corresponding to the films' events.
However, none of the maps work together, and topography varies from one map to another. It seems the production team for the films did not have any sort of concrete map or topography from which they were working from.
This leaves JPL's Map Team with a dilemma. Which of these many maps should be used as the de facto topography for our map? Should we rule out every other map or attempt to merge all the maps together? Should one map be considered more likely to be "accurate" than all the others?
After a lot of deliberation it was agreed that the map seen in The Lost World: Jurassic Park during Kelly's wandering of the trailers (below) was the most accurate for our purposes. The topography is clear, the map is given a central focus in the film (even if only for a few seconds), and within the film universe itself it appears to be a detailed map of the variety you would find pinned in a government building.
So our topography was established; now we had to determine the size of the island. This was done fairly easily. Costa Rica appears on this map as well, and sizing it appropriately allowed us to determine the size of Sorna. The result; approximately 21 x 20 miles.
The island was now complete. We created a large topographical map of the entire Las Cinco Muertes island chain and created a map scale from there (at our scale; 116 pixels per mile). Work on actual locations could now finally begin.
Continued in Part 2…

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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piece was allowed to stand at 50°C in this state for 4 hours. Then the weight change was determined. In all of the fractions, the weight change was smaller than 1%.
For reference, the test was similarly carried out by using Freon® 113. It was found that the weight change was smaller than 1%.
The thermal stability test was carried out with respect to each of the fractions obtained in the referential example. It was found that in each fraction, the decomposition-initiating temperature was in the range of from about 300°C to about 400°C, almost comparable to the level of Freon® 113.


High Medical Expenses for Cancer Survivors
Cancer survivors had higher annual medical expenses and greater productivity issues
(RxWiki News) Surviving cancer involves more than just physical health. A new study explored the financial burden often experienced by these survivors.
A new study from researchers at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) looked at the financial experiences of cancer survivors in the US from 2008 to 2011.
The study found that cancer survivors spent several thousand dollars more a year on medical expenses than those without a cancer history.
"Seek assistance if you have questions about your medical expenses or insurance options."
According to the authors of this study, led by Donatus U. Ekwueme, PhD, of CDC's Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, the number of cancer survivors in the US has grown, creating a large population with unique concerns, including the long-term monitoring of their health.
"These survivors also face economic challenges, including limitations in work and daily activities, obtaining health insurance coverage and accessing health care, and increasing medical care costs," explained Dr. Ekwueme and team.
To estimate the medical costs and costs from lost work time that these cancer survivors face each year, the researchers used data from the 2008–2011 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS). This data came from over 86,000 participants without a history of cancer and over 6,700 cancer survivors. More specific data was provided by another 1,202 cancer survivors.
Dr. Ekwueme and team found that during the period studied, male cancer survivors spent an average of $8,091 a year on medical expenses, compared with the $3,904 spent by men without a history of cancer. For female cancer survivors, average annual medical expenses were $8,412, versus the $5,119 spent by women who had never had cancer.
The researchers also examined costs associated with productivity loss, or money lost due to time spent away from work for health issues. For male cancer survivors, these costs amounted to an average of $3,719 a year, compared with $2,260 for men who had never had cancer. For women, the average productivity loss a year was $4,033 for cancer survivors, compared with $2,703 in women without a cancer history.
Additionally, 31.6 percent of all cancer survivors reported that they experienced issues performing daily activities beyond work, and 11.6 percent reported that they had trouble with mental tasks tied to daily activities.
"Among cancer survivors who were employed at any time since diagnosis, cancer and its treatment interfered with physical tasks (25 percent) and mental tasks (14 percent) required by the job, with nearly 25 percent of cancer survivors feeling less productive at work," reported Dr. Ekwueme and team.
It is important to note that the sample size of cancer survivors in this study was relatively small, and that the data were self-reported. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and explore the financial differences between different forms of cancer.
"The economic data presented in this report investigating the economic consequences of surviving cancer highlight the need to develop comprehensive intervention programs to improve the quality of the cancer survivorship experience and decrease the economic burden of cancer survivorship in the United States," Dr. Ekwueme and team concluded.
This study was published June 12 in CDC's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. No conflicts of interest were reported.
Review Date:
June 12, 2014


The Story of William Letchworth Hurst | Haigood & Campbell
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The Story of William Letchworth Hurst
This article talks about the William Letchworth Hurst story and how the town of Hurst came to be.
William Letchworth Hurst
In the course of his eighty-eight years he would survive the Battle of Gettysburg and Union prison camps, have a city named after him, and become the patriarch of a family of thirteen children and one hundred grandchildren.
But surely January 4, 1912 was among the happiest of all days in the long life of William Letchworth Hurst (_PHONE_), who moved to Tarrant County from Horse Shoe Bend, Tennessee by covered wagon in 1870, a trip of six weeks.
In 1881, when Hurst's son Nathan was seventeen, two strangers had paid the boy $10 to help them drive some horses north to Gainesville and sell them. Unbeknownst to the boy, the two men had stolen the horses. Soon the law was on the trail of the trio. When confronted, the two men fled, but Nathan, not knowing that the horses were stolen, stood his ground. He was arrested, convicted, and sentenced to twelve years in prison at Huntsville.
After three months in prison Nathan Hurst escaped—on a mule—and disappeared.
Soon after, a young man named "William Hammond" arrived in St. Joseph, Missouri and began to make a name for himself as a prosperous, honest businessman, family man, and civic leader. He served as deputy sheriff and constable. But his family did not know about his past.
Meanwhile, ever since Nathan Hurst had escaped, father William Hurst had worked to secure a pardon for his son. He collected the signatures of the jurors who had convicted Nathan. He applied for a pardon to three successive Texas governors. All refused. "Let the wrongdoer return to prison before he is pardoned" was their stance. (Photo from Tarrant County College NE.)
Hurst headline
Finally, in late 1911 William Hurst appealed to newly elected Governor Colquitt, stressing the innocence of the boy and the exemplary life of the man known as "William Hammond" of Missouri. Colquitt was moved. He granted the pardon on Christmas Day 1911.
William Hurst, by then seventy-eight years old, personally delivered the pardon to his son in Missouri on New Year's Day 1912. And on January 4 father brought son home—home to the family farm south of the town of Hurst, home to resume a life interrupted. (The "Hurst lake" in the clip is Hust Lake, named not for the Hurst family but rather for John A. Hust, the county's first tax assessor, who lived nearby.)
The Hurst homestead is labeled on this 1895 map near "Hurst" Lake and the water mill of R. A. Randol.
Hurst change name
"William Hammond" soon legally reclaimed his birth name. Nathan Hurst also revealed his past to his wife and children. Wife and children left Missouri and joined Nathan and his father at the Hurst family farm.
The reunion of father and son lasted only nine years. Nathan Hurst died in 1921. William Letchworth Hurst died in 1922. William Hurst is buried in Bedford Cemetery. His son is buried in Mount Olivet.
Postscript: Why is that city called "Hurst"? In 1903, as the Rock Island railroad was laying track to connect Fort Worth to Dallas, the railroad wanted to lay its track across land that William Letchworth Hurst owned near present-day Highway 10 (including land where Bell Helicopter is). Hurst granted a right-of-way. In return, when the railroad built a depot, the Rock Island named it "Hurst Station." A town grew up around the depot. The town, still known as "Hurst Station" into the 1930s, incorporated as "Hurst" in 1950.


Old & New Testament Greek
Entry for Strong's #846 - αὐτός
Word Origin:
from the particle au [perhaps akin to the base of (109) through the idea of a baffling wind] (backward)
Parts of Speech:
Word Definition [ Thayer's | Strong's ]
Thayer's Definition
 1. himself, herself, themselves, itself
 2. he, she, it
 3. the same
Liddell-Scott-Jones Definitions
(Cret. ἀϝτός GDI 4976, al.), αὐτή, αὐτό (also αὐτόν Leg.Gort. 3.4, al.), reflexive Pron., self:
I in oblique cases used for the personal Pron., him, her, it: with Art., ὁ αὐτός, ἡ αὐτή, τὸ αὐτό (also ταὐτόν), etc., the very one, the same. I self, myself, thyself, etc., acc. to the person of the Verb: freq. joined with ἐγώ, σύ, etc. (v. infr. 10),
1 one's true self, the soul, not the body, Od. 11.602; reversely, body, not soul, Il. 1.4; oneself, as opp. others who are less prominent, as king to subject, 6.18; Zeus to other gods, 8.4; bird to young, 2.317; man to wife and children, Od. 14.265; warrior to horses, Il. 2.466, or to weapons, 1.47; shepherd to herd, Od. 9.167, cf. Il. 1.51; Trojans to allies, 11.220; seamen to ships, 7.338: generally, whole to parts, ib. 474; so later ἡ σίδη καὶ αὐτὴ καὶ τὰ φύλλα Thphr. HP 4.10.7, cf. X. Ath. 1.19, Pl. Grg. 511e, etc.; αὐτή τε Μανδάνη καὶ τὸν υἱὸν ἔχουσα X. Cyr. 1.3.1; αὐ. τε καὶ τὰ ποιήματα βουλόμενος ἐπιδεῖξαι Pl. R. 398a: abs., the Master, as in the Pythag. phrase Αὐτὸς ἔφα, Lat. Ipse dixit; so τίς οὗτος.. ; — Αὐτός, i.e. Socrates, Ar. Nu. 218; ἀναβόησον Αὐτόν ib. 219; ἀνοιγέτω τις δώματ'· Αὐτὸς ἔρχεται the Master, Id. Fr. 268, cf. Pl. Prt. 314d, Thphr. Char. 2.4, Men. Sam. 41: αὐ. ἀϋτεῖ Theoc. 24.50: neut., αὐτὸ σημανεῖ the result will show, E. Ph. 623; αὐτὸ δηλώσει D. 19.157; αὐτὰ δηλοῖ Pl. Prt. 329b; αὐτὸ διδάξει ib. 324a; esp. αὐτὸ δείξει Cratin. 177, Pl. Hp.Ma. 288b, cf. Tht. 200e; in full, τάχ' αὐτὸ δείξει τοὔργον S. Fr. 388; τοὔργον τάχ' αὐτὸ δείξει Ar. Lys. 375; redupl., αὐτός θ' ὁ χρήσας αὐτὸς ἦν ὁ μαρτυρῶν A. Eu. 798; of things, the very, ὑπὸ λόφον αὐτόν, i.e. just, exactly under.., Il. 13.615; πρὸς αὐταῖς ταῖς θύραις close by the door, Lys. 12.12; αὐτὸ τὸ δέον the very thing needed, X. An. 4.7.7; αὐτὸ ὃ μάλιστα ἔδει ῥηθῆναι Pl. R. 362d; αὐτὸ τὸ περίορθρον the point of dawn, Th. 2.3; αὐτὰ τὰ ἐναντία the very opposite, X. Mem. 4.5.7; αὐτὰ τὰ χρήσιμα καὶ ἀναγκαῖα D.H. Th. 23; even, οὔ μοι μέλει ἄλγος οὔτ' αὐτῆς Ἑκάβης Il. 6.451; εἴ περ ἂν αὐταὶ Μοῦσαι ἀείδοιεν 2.597. In these senses αὐτός in Prose either precedes both the Art. and Subst., or follows both, e.g. αὐτὸς ὁ υἱός or ὁ υἱὸς αὐτός. The Art. is sts. omitted with proper names, or Nouns denoting individuals, αὐτὸς Μένων X. An. 2.1.5; αὐτὸς βασιλεύς ib. 1.7.11.
2. of oneself, of one's own accord, ἀλλά τις αὐ. ἴτω Il. 17.254; σπεύδοντα καὶ αὐτὸν ὀτρύνεις 8.293; καταπαύσομεν· οἱ δὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ παυέσθων Od. 2.168; ἥξει γὰρ αὐτά S. OT 341; also, in person, τῶν πραγμάτων ὑμῖν.. αὐτοῖς ἀντιληπτέον D. 1.2.
3. by oneself or itself, alone, αὐτός περ ἐών although alone, Il. 8.99; αὐτὸς ἐγείναο παῖδ', i.e. without a mother, 5.880, cf. Hes. Th. 924; ἀνακομισθῆναι αὐτὸν ἐς Φάληρον by himself, Hdt. 5.85; αὐτοὶ γάρ ἐσμεν we are by ourselves, i.e. among friends, Ar. Ach. 504, cf. Th. 472, Pl. Prm. 137b, Herod. 6.70, Plu. 2.755c, Luc. DDeor. 10.2; αὐτοῖς τοῖς ἀνδράσι.. ἢ καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις X. An. 2.3.7; ἄνευ τοῦ σίτου τὸ ὄψον αὐτὸ ἐσθίειν Id. Mem. 3.14.3; τὸν τρίβωνα ὃν αὐτὸν φορεῖ Thphr. Char. 22.13 (prob.); αὐτὰ γὰρ ἔστιν ταῦτα these and no others, Emp. 21.13, al.: strengthd., αὐτὸς κτήσατο οἶος himself alone, Od. 14.450; αὐτὸς μόνος, v. μόνος II; αὐτὸς καθ' αὑτόν, v. ἑαυτοῦ.
4. in Philosophy, by or in itself, of an abstract concept or idea, δίκαιον αὐτό Pl. Phd. 65d; αὐτὸ τὸ ἕν Id. Prm. 143a, al., cf. Arist. Metaph. 997b8: neut., αὐτό is freq. in this sense, attached to Nouns of all genders, οὐκ αὐτὸ δικαιοσύνην ἐπαινοῦντες ἀλλὰ τὰς ἀπ' αὐτῆς εὐδοκιμήσεις Pl. R. 363a; less freq. with Art., τί ποτ' ἐστὶν αὐτὸ ἡ ἀρετή Id. Prt. 360e; more fully, εἰ αὐτὸ τοῦτο πατέρα ἠρώτων, ἆρα ὁ πατήρ ἐστι πατήρ τινος, ἢ οὔ; Id. Smp. 199d; ἀδελφός, αὐτὸ τοῦτο ὅπερ ἔστιν the ideal, abstract brother, ibid.e: later, in compos., αὐτοαγαθόν, αὐτοάνθρωπος, etc. (q. v.), cf. Arist. Metaph. 1040b33; less freq. agreeing with the Subst., ἵνα αὐτὴ δικαιοσύνη πρὸ


text:
Measures to stop global warming risk being as harmful to tribal peoples as climate change itself, according to a new report from Survival.
The report, 'The most inconvenient truth of all: climate change and indigenous people', sets out four key 'mitigation measures' that threaten tribal people:
1. Biofuels: promoted as an alternative, 'green' source of energy to fossil fuels, much of the land allocated to grow them is the ancestral land of tribal people. If biofuels expansion continues as planned, millions of indigenous people worldwide stand to lose their land and livelihoods.
2. Hydro-electric power: A new boom in dam construction in the name of combating climate change is driving thousands of tribal people from their homes.
3. Forest conservation: Kenya's Ogiek hunter-gatherers are being forced from the forests they have lived in for hundreds of years to 'reverse the ravages' of global warming.
4. Carbon offsetting: Tribal peoples' forests now have a monetary value in the booming 'carbon credits' market. Indigenous people say this will lead to forced evictions and the 'theft of our land'.
The report calls for tribal people to be fully involved in decisions that affect them, and for their land ownership rights to be upheld.
Survival Director Stephen Corry said today, 'This report highlights 'the most inconvenient truth of all' – that the world's tribal people, who have done the least to cause climate change and are most affected by it, are now having their rights violated and land devastated in the name of attempts to stop it. Hiding behind the global push to prevent climate change, governments and companies are mounting a massive land grab. As usual, where money and vast profits are at stake, the world's indigenous people are being shamefully swept aside.'
More on Survival International website (.pdf, english)


text:
Engraving of the Oxford Physic Garden, England, 1675
Physic gardens were a common feature in the 1700s. They were used to grow plants for drug preparations and were arranged according to the properties of the plants they contained. For example, plants with spiky leaves were likely to be grouped together. The Oxford Physic Garden was founded in 1621 by Henry Danvers, the Earl of Danby. He donated £5,000 to set up the garden – the equivalent of £3.5 million today. It is the oldest garden of its kind in the United Kingdom. The garden is now known as the Oxford Botanic Gardens after a name change in 1840. This print is from Oxonia Illustrata by David Logg (1633/5-92), engraver to Oxford University.
Related Themes and Topics
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The preparation and medicinal dispensing of drugs.
A technique to obtain prints from an engraved surface. Engraving is the practice of cutting into a hard, usually flat surface.


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Description of the innovation
The Agrargesellschaft Emster Land mbH is situated in the East part of Germany. The farm is managed with a low-input strategy and a full pasture system.
In order to save costs for the construction and maintenance of a milking house, the 900 dairy cows are milked in the open air. Milking is done with a 24 space fish bone milking parlour. While milking, the cows are attracted and fed with concentrate.
During milking, the cows are fed with concentrated feed twice a day.
The concentrate is fed by a standard waste container which rolls in front of the cows and spreads out the concentrate. There are rails on which the container moves for-and backwards. The hole unit, including waste container and it's frame is pulled with strong ropes. To fill in concentrate, they use the front loader and the bucket. When it rains, the lid is closed to protect the concentrate from moisture.
The farmer adopted this innovation with the main objective to optimise and facilitate the feeding of concentrated feed. With the old technique, someone was busy the hole time while milking to distribute concentrated feed by hand.
Results obtained with the adoption of the innovation
With the help of this feeding concept, the feeding of concentrated feed could be simpli-fied and the intake of concentrate increased too. Prior to container feeding, the concen-trated feed had to be laboriously filled into the feed trough by hand for each passage. Due to the height of the feed trough, this was no easy job. While the waste bin auto-matically moves back and forth, other work can be done.
The cows enter the milking parlour more motivated because they are attracted by the concentrate. However, because of the numerous cows and the higher consumption of concentrated feed, the container must be refilled more often during milking time. This happens with the farm loader. However, the innovation with the waste bin is more time-saving than it was before.
Since the farm keeps its cows on the pasture all the time, the intake of concentrated feed in the milking parlour is an important factor to balance the ration of dairy cows. During the grazing months, there is no additional fodder for the cows than the fresh grass from the pasture. There is no further concentrate station available for further con-centrate feeding like it is common with conventional stable keeping. The intake of con-centrated feed cannot be controlled as strictly as would be possible with a concentrated feed station. Thus more concentrated feed can be fed in less time. A better milk yield can be expected, with higher consumption increasing concentrate costs. This example shows that optimization does not necessarily have to cost a lot of money.
- Low costs
- Less physical labour
- Higher intake of concentrate feed
- Semi-automatic feeding
- Balanced ration
- Higher milk yield
- Up-cycling aspect
- Needs to be filled up often
- Higher cost because of more concentrate feed use
- No strict intake control


text: Background: The current COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic is an emergency on a global scale, with huge swathes of the population required to remain indoors for prolonged periods to tackle the virus. In this new context, individuals' health-promoting routines are under greater strain, contributing to poorer mental and physical health. Additionally, individuals are required to keep up to date with latest health guidelines about the virus, which may be confusing in an age of social-media disinformation and shifting guidelines. To tackle these factors, we developed Elena+, a smartphone-based and conversational agent (CA) delivered pandemic lifestyle care intervention. Methods: Elena+ utilizes varied intervention components to deliver a psychoeducation-focused coaching program on the topics of: COVID-19 information, physical activity, mental health (anxiety, loneliness, mental resources), sleep and diet and nutrition. Over 43 subtopics, a CA guides individuals through content and tracks progress over time, such as changes in health outcome assessments per topic, alongside user-set behavioral intentions and user-reported actual behaviors. Ratings of the usage experience, social demographics and the user profile are also captured. Elena+ is available for public download on iOS and Android devices in English, European Spanish and Latin American Spanish with future languages and launch countries planned, and no limits on planned recruitment. Panel data methods will be used to track user progress over time in subsequent analyses. The Elena+ intervention is open-source under the Apache 2 license (MobileCoach software) and the Creative Commons 4.0 license CC BY-NC-SA (intervention logic and content), allowing future collaborations; such as cultural adaptions, integration of new sensor-related features or the development of new topics. Discussion: Digital health applications offer a low-cost and scalable route to meet challenges to public health. As Elena+ was developed by an international and interdisciplinary team in a short time frame to meet the COVID-19 pandemic, empirical data are required to discern how effective such solutions can be in meeting real world, emergent health crises. Additionally, clustering Elena+ users based on characteristics and usage behaviors could help public health practitioners understand how population-level digital health interventions can reach at-risk and sub-populations.


text:
Measuring the gain in income from migration is complicated by non-random selection of migrants from the general population, making it hard to obtain an appropriate comparison group of non-migrants.
This paper uses a migrant lottery to overcome this problem, providing an experimental measure of the income gains from migration. New Zealand allows a quota of Tongans to immigrate each year with a lottery used to choose amongst the excess number of applicants. A unique survey conducted by the authors in these two countries allows experimental estimates of the income gains from migration to be obtained by comparing the incomes of migrants to those who applied to migrate, but whose names were not drawn in the lottery, after allowing for the effect of noncompliance among some of those whose names were drawn.
We also conducted a survey of individuals who did not apply for the lottery. Comparing this non-applicant group to the migrants enables assessment of the degree to which non-experimental methods can provide an unbiased estimate of the income gains from migration.
We find evidence of migrants being positively selected in terms of both observed and unobserved skills. As a result, non-experimental methods are found to overstate the gains from migration, by 9 to 82 percent. A good instrumental variable works best, while difference-in-differences and bias-adjusted propensity-score matching also perform comparatively well.
McKenzie, David, John Gibson and Steven Stillman. 2010. "How Important is Selection? Experimental Vs Non-experimental Measures of the Income Gains from Migration. Journal of the European Economic Association (June) 8. no. 4: 913-45.


text:
- Publication date:
- New York : Alfred A. Knopf : Distributed by Random House, 2003.
- 509 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.
In Aagaesia, a fifteen-year-old boy of unknown lineage called Eragon finds a mysterious stone that weaves his life into an intricate tapestry of destiny, magic, and power, peopled with dragons, elves, and monsters.
Inheritance ; bk. 1
Paolini, Christopher. Inheritance bk. 1.


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Excel uses double quote character to identify text, you need to a different approach. This article shows you How to use double quotes in Excel formulas in two ways: with and without a function.
There are 2 ways to use double quotes in Excel formulas:
- Without a function
- With a function
Without a function
This is the generic and most commonly used approach to add double quote characters in a formula. Type double quote twice, like double-double quotes (""). Although using double quotes twice is our preferred approach, when these double-double quotes come together with double quotes that specify a text, things can get mess.
="The "&B3&" is a """&C3&""" type Pokémon"
It may be really hard to count double quotes in smaller screens. Here is an alternative way to distinguish string separators from the double quotes used for text.
With a function
The function is called CHAR which returns the character of a specific number. It can get a number from 1 to 255 as it argument and returns the character from your computer's character set that matches the number. The character sets are different for Windows and Mac systems. While Windows machines uses ANSI code system, Mac machines uses Mac OS Roman.
Thankfully, the double quote character shares same numeric code for both systems, 34. So you can use CHAR function with code 34 to insert a double quote.
="The "&B4&" is a "&CHAR(34)&C4&CHAR(34)&" type Pokémon"


Ask a Paleontologist: How Did Dinosaurs Reproduce?
On Exhibit posts
How did dinosaurs reproduce? The Central Asiatic Expeditions, led by the Museum's Roy Chapman Andrews and Walter Granger, discovered some of the earliest, well-preserved dinosaur eggs in Mongolia during the 1920s. The oval-shaped eggs, about 20 cm long, were thought to belong to the most commonly found dinosaur at the Flaming Cliffs, Protoceratops.
However, Museum expeditions in the 1990s discovered identical eggs, one of which contained the embryo of an Oviraptor-like dinosaur, which altered our view of which dinosaur laid these eggs.
Oviraptor fossil with eggs
Oviraptor fossil with eggs
© AMNH/D. Finnin
Also, skeletons of Oviraptor were discovered squatting on top of clusters of eggs, with their arms folded back against their body, just like many living birds brood on their nests.


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|Repeated trans-Arctic invasions in littoral bivalves: molecular zoogeography of the Macoma balthica complex|
Väinölä, R. (2003). Repeated trans-Arctic invasions in littoral bivalves: molecular zoogeography of the Macoma balthica complex. Mar. Biol. (Berl.) 143(5): 935-946
In: Marine Biology. Springer: Heidelberg; Berlin. ISSN 0025-3162, more
From a geographical survey of allozyme variation, a history of repeated trans-Arctic invasions since the Plio-Pleistocene is suggested for circumboreal bivalves of the Macoma balthica complex. A principal genetic subdivision, involving several nearly diagnostic loci and Nei's distance D=0.6, distinguishes the clams of the NE Pacific from those of the NE Atlantic. The Pacific taxon is however also present in Europe, in disjunct isolates in the Baltic Sea and White Sea basins. Nevertheless, these populations have marked Atlantic introgressive elements in their gene pools (ca. 30%). Two further population types are recognized, one in the St. Lawrence estuary, Quebec, the other in Varangerfjorden, NE Norway; the latter appears a mixture of Pacific and Atlantic components in almost equal proportions, in local genetic equilibrium (a hybrid swarm). Populations in temperate North America fall outside the circumboreal M. balthica complex discussed here ( D=1.0), and are referred to M. petalum. In a scenario of the history and evolution of the M. balthica complex and the similarly subdivided Mytilus edulis complex, the divergence between Pacific and Atlantic taxa started after an initial introduction of Pacific ancestors to the Atlantic basin, enabled by the Pliocene opening of the Bering Strait. During the Pleistocene and Holocene, the ocean basins were, for the most part, effectively isolated, but occasional re-invasions have taken place, causing secondary contacts of the diverged bivalve types on the Atlantic coasts. The recently re-invaded Pacific taxa in northern Europe now seem to thrive only in the extreme marginal environments. Exact dating of the re-invasions is not possible from current data. Apart from the divergence through isolation, hybridization and introgression have significantly molded the present affinities within the M. balthica complex. A formal taxonomic treatment of reticulate and hybridizing lineages is problematic; yet to recognize the evolutionary and systematic diversity within the M. balthica complex, a subspecies distinction between the NE Atlantic clams and those from the Pacific, Baltic and White Sea basins is suggested.


How does Texas Law Prohibit Sexual Harassment?
First, employers in Ellis County are often required to formulate company policies regarding sexual conduct, which must be posted and visible to employees. Matters covered by such policies should include contact information used by employees to report incidents, handling procedures for claims, and corrective measures (in the event that a claim turns out to be successful).
There are also agencies which are established by federal and Texas law for the specific purpose of handling sexual harassment cases. Such agencies have the authority to investigate work sites to determine if the complaints they receive in Ellis County are true. Additionally, these laws prohibit employers from firing an employee for alleging sexual harassment or taking any action in retaliation to a claim.
How can a Texas attorney help?
A claim for sexual harassment may be difficult to investigate and establish without the proper expertise in the relevant areas of law. It's not uncommon for federal investigators to be too overworked to handle individual claims. Thus, hiring an attorney in Ellis County can be the safest way to file your claim within the deadlines for sexual harassment claims that Texas has defined.


Blue Crab has many different tools for performing massively parallel calculations. Oftentimes, you may need to monitor an example calculation to ensure that it is correctly using all of the right CPU resources you have requested from SLURM, or to watch the memory usage over time. The best way to do this is with htop. In this short guide we will explain the right procedure.
Note that we have removed top and htop from the login nodes because these are shared resources and most users should not need to monitor these nodes.
Use interact
First, set up an interactive job with our interact command, which allows you to visit a compute node.
$ interact -p express -c 6 -t 60
Tasks: 1
Cores/task: 6
Total cores: 6
Walltime: 30:00
Queue: express
Command submitted: salloc -J interact -N 1-1 -n 1 -c 6 --time=30:00 -p express srun --pty bash
salloc: Granted job allocation 38634917
This command reserves hardware on our "express" partition which has a very low wait time (and a limit of 12 hours and 6 cores total).
Start a screen on the compute node
Once your job is granted, your prompt will change to reflect your new location (compute0123). Create a screen with this command: screen -S calculate. Once you are inside the screen, start a calculation. This can be a manually-compiled code, or software from our modules system. Be sure to book the correct amount of cores. You may need to set the environment variable OMP_NUM_THREADS to use all six cores that we reserved.
While your code is running, use hold the CTRL key and press A then D. This detaches you from the screen. Your code will continue to run in the background.
You can see if you are either "attached" or "detached" to the screen by running screen -ls. To reattach to the screen, you should run screen -r calculate. If you follow this guide you can learn more about this tool.
Monitor your job while it runs
The htop program has a number of features which allow you to inspect the memory and CPU usage. The best-performing workflows will show a constant, steady usage of 100% on all reserved cores. Note that red bars or a red D tag on your processes indicate a high level of kernel overhead or a disk wait state. If you are interested in learning more about htop, please see this guide.
Best practices
There are many ways to ensure that your code is using all of your requested resources efficiently, however the best method is to monitor your jobs for complete CPU usage and efficient memory usage. The guide above is a common method for checking your work before submitting a very large parallel calculation, and using interactscreen, and htop are easy ways to understand how this machine works.


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In precise detail, Ali Kazim captures the stillness of a deserted landscape or a sudden transformation as a storm tears through parched terrain. His paintings are based on the Punjab region of Pakistan – once home to a large part of the Indus Valley Civilisation and now scattered with ancient ruins. Kazim regularly visits these ruins, studying the mounds that form the contours of the landscape, and searching the sites of long-abandoned cities, which are partly exposed or still buried.
He draws on a repertoire of techniques and materials to access these emotive surroundings and conjure the mysteries of forgotten cities. The large landscape is informed by Siyah Qalam, a fleetingly popular form of Persian painting influenced by the ink painting traditions of East Asia, whereby multiple layers of ink were applied with a fine brush. Kazim also creates atmospheric compositions on polyester film rendered in pigment with cotton or soft brushes. Stencils and erasers are then used to detail bolts of lightning, and storm and dust clouds, elements that momentarily bring the landscapes to life.
Kazim is also interested in how pottery shards have transformed over centuries from practical objects to remnants of deserted and forgotten places, and the blackened ceramics bear organic lines or veins to resemble both rocks and organs.
Exhibited in 'The 9th Asia Pacific Triennial of Contemporary Art' (APT9) | 24 Nov 2018 – 28 Apr 2019


What Are The Waltz Steps?
How do you tell if a song is a waltz?
Rule Out If It's a Waltz If it's easy to count 1-2-3-4 it's not a Waltz.
However, if counting in four's feels off, try counting in three's: 1-2-3, 1-2-3.
Most songs are in 4/4-time, meaning there are four beats in each measure.
However, Waltzes are in 3/4-time, with only three beats in each measure..
What is modern waltz?
Modern Ballroom, sometimes just Ballroom, or Standard, is the term given to a set of five dances: Modern Waltz (often called Slow Waltz, or just Waltz), Quickstep, Slow Foxtrot, Tango, and Viennese Waltz.
Why was the waltz banned?
As the dance started gaining popularity, it was criticised on moral grounds due to its close-hold stance and fast turning movements. Religious leaders regarded it as vulgar and sinful. The dance was criticised to the point where people were threatened with death from waltzing.
Is the waltz a romantic dance?
Another popular dance that you may see couples do at weddings is the Waltz. This can be considered a "classic romantic dance" because of its slow and dreamy look.
One of the major causes for the popularity rise of ¾ time waltz was phenomenal music creations of Johann Strauss and Franz Lanner. Their waltz music echoed through the halls of Vienna, Austria and Germany, spreading all across Europe and destroying the sentiment that this dance was immoral and scandalous.
What is waltz dancing?
A dance in which two dancers move in triple time as they turn together in circles is called a waltz, and it's also the name of music that's written for that sort of dance. When you waltz, you face your dance partner with one hand on their waist or shoulder and the other clasping their hand. …
What makes the waltz unique?
Waltz Action Unique to the Waltz is the techniques of "rise and fall" and "body sway." Rise and fall refer to the elevating and lowering that a dancer feels as he or she moves onto the toes, then relaxes through the knee and ankle, ending on a flat foot.
What is the purpose of the waltz?
Waltz: to move or glide in a lively or conspicuous manner (to advance easily and successfully). Waltz: a dance born in the suburbs of Vienna and in the alpine region of Austria. As early as the seventeenth century, waltzes were played in the ballrooms of the Hapsburg court.
What is the easiest dance?
What is the hardest dance to learn?
What count is a waltz?
How To Count The Waltz: The Waltz has a 3/4 time signature which is different than many of the other social dances like Rumba or Foxtrot that have a 4/4 structure. This is the reason you count the Waltz "1,2,3" – "1,2,3". Each beat is even.
Is the waltz hard to learn?
Waltz is an elegant, nearly universal dance, perfect for weddings, or almost any social occasion. It's not as hard to learn as most people think.


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Consider the following problem:
Let ${\mathbb Q} \subset A\subset {\mathbb R}$, which of the following must be true?
A. If $A$ is open, then $A={\mathbb R}$
B. If $A$ is closed, then $A={\mathbb R}$
Since $\overline{\mathbb Q}={\mathbb R}$, one can immediately get that B is the answer.
Here are my questions:
Why A is not necessarily true? What can be a counterexample?
share|cite|improve this question
4 Answers 4
up vote 18 down vote accepted
A slightly more interesting example than Luboš's can be obtained by enumerating the rationals as $\mathbb{Q} = \{q_n\}_{n=1}^\infty$ and taking $A = \bigcup_{n=1}^{\infty} (q_{n} - \frac{\varepsilon}{2^{n+1}}, q_{n} + \frac{\varepsilon}{2^{n+1}})$. Then the Lebesgue measure of $A$ can be estimated by $\mu(A) \leq \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} 2 \cdot \frac{\varepsilon}{2^{n+1}} = \varepsilon$, so $A$ cannot be all of $\mathbb{R}$ even if it's clearly open.
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It's amazing that without knowing what the irrational numbers are left, one can get that $A$ cannot be ${\bf R}$ through Lebesgue measure. Nice! – Jack Jun 6 '11 at 15:50
_USER_: Of course, I used the deceptively innocent-looking fact that the Lebesgue measure of an interval is its length! The comments to Gowers's answer show that even some professional mathematicians are not aware of its non-triviality (or forgot about it)... – t.b. Jun 6 '11 at 16:09
This is a very nice classical example. +1, I liked it so much when I saw it the first time :) it's like saying you can "cover" a dense subset of an infinitely long line with a simple woodstick (of finite length), if you "cut it correctly" and "place the pieces at the right places". It shows how mathematics can rudely destroy intuition. =P – Patrick Da Silva Jul 29 '11 at 5:45
_USER_: Right. I find it even better when you write $A_{\varepsilon}$ for the set in this answer and take $N = [0,1] \cap \bigcap_{k=1}^{\infty} A_{1/k}$. Then you get a dense $G_{\delta}$ (hence a set of second Baire category) in $[0,1]$. This set is generic in the sense of Baire, but it has zero Lebesgue measure. In other words: the two notions of generic that are commonly used (one in the sense of Baire, the other in the sense of probability) are quite incompatible. – t.b. Jul 29 '11 at 7:58
_USER_: Oh, sorry. The set $N$ has measure zero, right? So if you pick a point randomly (wrt Lebesgue measure on $[0,1]$), it won't be in $N$ almost surely, so a "generic point will be outside $N$". On the other hand, this set is a countable intersection of open and dense sets, and according to the Baire category theorem, such sets are "large" or "generic" (in the sense of Baire). E.g.: a generic continuous function is nowhere differentiable. Now $N$ is "very small" in the Lebesgue sense, and "very large" in the Baire sense. That's it. – t.b. Jul 29 '11 at 22:29
A counterexample for the rule A is $$ {\mathbb R} \backslash F $$ where $F$ is any non-empty finite (or countable) set of irrational numbers. For example $$ {\mathbb R} \backslash \{\pi\} $$ Note that if I remove the point $\pi$, the set is still open on both sides from $\pi$. Because $\pi$ isn't rational, the set above still contains all rational numbers.
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You couldn't remove any countable set - for example, removing $\{\frac{\pi}{n} \mid n \in \mathbb{N}\}$ would leave you with a set that's not open. – MartianInvader Jun 6 '11 at 16:46
"(or countable)" could be replaced with "(or closed)" to make this correct and general. – Jonas Meyer Jun 6 '11 at 18:11
The question boils down to whether there are nonempty subsets of $\mathbb{R}\setminus \mathbb{Q}$ that are closed in $\mathbb{R}$. The easiest examples are finite sets, as Luboš Motl noted. An easy infinite example is $\sqrt{2}+\mathbb{Z}$. Theo Buehler showed that there are positive measure examples, which is much stronger and closely related to the question at this link.
Another direction to strengthen the result is to show that there are perfect examples, which is the subject of the question at this link.
share|cite|improve this answer
Nice wrap-up, Jonas, and prods to make connections with earlier questions/answers. A post such as this would be helpful for some answers that get a half-dozen (or more) answers which take a different angle, approach...and to help shed light on how strong (or generalizable/extendable) a statement one can make, "spring-boarding" off a single question, and connecting to other semi-related posts. – amWhy Jun 22 '11 at 5:35
"Why A is not necessarily true? What can be a counterexample?"
I'm surprised at the complexity of some answers given to this. Here's a counterexample: $$ (-\infty,\pi)\cup (\pi,\infty). $$ You can construct lots of others similar to that but more complicated if need be.
share|cite|improve this answer
How is $\mathbb{R} \smallsetminus \{\pi\}$ more complicated than your example? – t.b. Oct 8 '11 at 0:24
I.e. the complement of any discrete set of irrational numbers. – Michael Hardy Oct 8 '11 at 0:25
Sorry..... I hadn't thorougly read all of them. – Michael Hardy Oct 8 '11 at 0:26
_USER_: $\{\frac{\pi}{n}:n\in\mathbb N\}$ is a discrete set of irrationals, but its complement is not open. The set of irrational numbers in question has to be closed. – Jonas Meyer Dec 4 '11 at 6:38
Your Answer


Impact of ICD-10 and Other Coding Regulations on Worker Productivity
For Medical Coding and Billing, Proper Training is Paramount for Success
The healthcare industry is a highly regulated industry, with good reason, as millions of lives are impacted by the quality of health care provided to patients across the country. However, is it possible that the medical industry may be regulated too much? How do the increasing pressures of new rules, new processes, and increasingly stringent regulations impact the millions of healthcare professionals who make up the medical workforce?
Some studies seem to indicate that the healthcare industry may be over-regulated, or at least too regulated for many healthcare workers to keep up without undue levels of stress and errors. The constant growth and change in healthcare regulations continually add layers of bureaucracy, causing stress on healthcare employees, to the point that they may feel disengaged and disconnected from their employers, which makes them feel insufficiently supported with enough training and resources to do their jobs well. In fact, hospitals in the United States may at a crisis point, with more than 56 percent of the workforce feeling that way, according to a 2017 study by CultureIQ, entitled "Engagement & Retention in Healthcare Workers."
Coding Changes
One relatively recent, and significant change in healthcare regulations at issue is the new ICD-10 coding system, which replaced ICD-9 in October of 2015. The new coding system nearly quadrupled the volume of diagnostic codes from 14,000 to 68,000, while procedure codes jumped more than 2,000 percent, from 4,000 to 87,000 codes. This has resulted in a 69 percent increase in the amount of time taken to process patient medical bills (17 minutes on ICD-10, vs. 5 minutes per coding on ICD-9).
The specificity of ICD-10 codes has led to misunderstood terms in the workplace, causing mistakes, overwork, and limited time to complete billing procedures. This results ultimately in a decline in reimbursements, and an increase in overtime costs, financially choking physicians, all while reducing quality of patient care, according to David Womack, president and CEO of Practice Management Institute (PMI), which provides education and training to medical office staff at hospital systems, medical societies, and educational institutions nationwide.
Though ICD-10 implementation promised streamlined processes, sudden exponential increases of new data can have the opposite effect, Womack adds.
Based on his experience in the healthcare staff training field, Womack says reported employee disengagement is partially a result of this over-regulation, combined with lack of training. Per Womack, such a substantial increase of data without accompanied training could prove to be a catastrophic combination for the healthcare industry—a monumental risk for an industry already rife with coding errors.
Mistakes Are Costly to the Healthcare Industry
Mistakes do not only cost the industry, and employers, a great deal of money in lost reimbursements. Errors also cost valuable time, and quality—directly impacting patient health.
When employees are hit with too many things at once that they don't understand, they go into apathy and tune out – resulting in increased mistakes, errors, and a general lack of understanding.
Up to 80 percent of all medical bills contain mistakes, costing $68 billion in lost healthcare spending. Combined with an overload of new data, Womack says risk of errors increases tenfold.
Why is there such a high rate of billing mistakes? "The oversight exists on the payer side of claims," Womack explains. "Private and government payers alike scrutinize claims for accuracy. When problems are found, claims are denied, and money is lost."
What Is the Solution? How to Prepare, Engage Staff in Wake of New Regulations
The healthcare industry will likely become more heavily regulated in the future. Therefore, according to Womack, high-quality, ongoing staff training is paramount to maintaining a cohesive, engaged team and minimize preventable errors.
"An engaged workforce is a well-trained workforce," according to Womack. "Coding and reimbursement staff with proper training contribute to the solution in the form of clean, efficiently expedited [health insurance] claims."
Studies show that healthcare organizations with a highly engaged workforce perform more successfully on safety, quality, and patient experience measures, heavily influencing financial outcomes.
Womack adds that companies offering professional certification in medical coding, third-party billing, office management, and compliance, are helping set a higher standard in employment by providing up-to-date education and testing that assures each applicant's complete understanding. The result being that physicians can focus their attention solely to patient care, translating to a better experience for the patient, all while ensuring the practice continues to be successful.
Furthermore, Womack warns against hiring untrained medical coders and billers. "One of the biggest risks of employing untrained coders comes when healthcare auditors find problems resulting in the recovery of large sums of money for things like billing for services not rendered, unbundling, upcoding, etc. Ultimately, the physician bears responsibility for signing off on all claims, but the staff may share liability for incorrect billing practices, if they knowingly submit false claims."
Is proper billing and coding historically a challenge for medical practices? Yes, says Womack. "The complexity of the reimbursement process is a pain point for sure, Womack states. "Fighting for dollars [owed] to the practice can sometimes take precedence over the treatment of medical conditions in determining the sustainability of a medical practice. Coders who lack proper training add fuel to the fire," he adds.
Not only can a lack of training for medical coders and billers impact the back office of a medical practice, it may also impact the overall productivity of the entire practice. "Well-trained coders and billers can improve the overall profitability of the practice by finding missed revenue opportunities and submitting claims for every dollar that is rightfully do. Well-trained staff leads to better employee engagement, fewer errors and [greater] overall job satisfaction."
Source: _URL_


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Dye Lasers Information
Dye lasers use a dye solution as an active medium. Dye lasers are generally used in skin treatment. Dye lasers output is a short pulse of broad spectrum content with a high achievable gain. Compared to gases and most solid-state lasing media, a dye can actually be used for a much wider range of wavelength. The wide bandwidth makes them particularly suitable for tunable lasers and pulsed lasers. Moreover, the dye can be replaced by another type in order to generate different wavelengths with the same laser, although this usually requires replacing other optical components in the laser as well. Dye lasers have become an important part of laser surgery.
Dye lasers have a basic construction. Since organic dyes tend to degrade under the influence of light, the dye solution is normally circulated from a large reservoir. The dye solution can be flowing through a cuvette (a glass container), or be as a sheet-like stream in open air from a specially-shaped nozzle. Some of the dyes used in dye lasers are rhodamine 6G, fluorescein, coumarin, stilbene, umbelliferone, tetracene and malachite green. Adamantane is added to some dyes to prolong their life. With a dye jet, reflection losses from the glass surfaces and contamination of the walls of the cuvette are avoided. These advantages come at the cost of a more-complicated alignment. A pulsed dye laser (PDL) uses a beam of light at a specific wavelength and is used for conditions or spots on the skin which are made up of blood and blood vessels. A pulsed dye laser selectively destroys small blood vessels in the under layer (dermis) of the skin without damaging the surrounding tissue or outer layer of the skin (epidermis). Cycloheptatriene and cyclooctatetraene (COT) can be added as triplet quenchers for rhodamine G, increasing the laser output power. Output power of 1.4 kilowatt at 585 nm can be achieved using Rhodamine 6G based pulse dye laser with COT in methanol-water solution. Pulsed dye laser can be used for all ages and all skin types. Dye lasers are designed and manufactured to meet most industry needs.
Dye lasers are used in many applications. Examples include their use to treat scars on the body. Birthmarks such as spider veins on the face, changes of rosacea, port wine stains, small cherry angiomas on the body, and some other scars are best treated with pulse dye laser treatment. A pulse dye laser is used to treat vascular lesions like port wine stains, nevus flemmus, hemangiomas, keloids, and hypertrophic scars. A pulse dye laser is also used to treat pigmented nevi. A long pulsed dye laser is used to treat fine veins, telangiectasia, and blushing. Dye lasers should adhere to standards specified by the International Standards Organization (ISO), World Health Organization (WHO), and the Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE).


How to Handle Continuous Deployment Across Multiple Environments
[fa icon="user"] David Henry [fa icon="calendar"] Jan 30, 2019 8:30:00 AM
How to Handle Continuous Deployment Across Multiple Environments
Azure Builds & Azure Pipelines, part of the Azure DevOps Services suite, provide a Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment/Delivery framework that you can get started with right away. This article looks at different approaches for handling Continuous Deployment across multiple environments so that you ensure a successful journey towards Continuous Delivery.
Multi Env Deployment
Build Per Environment
Traditionally, when building.Net applications, multiple builds are used to distinguish environments. Manual deployments are then triggered once the code has been approved for a specific environment. For those using previous versions of TFS or similar, this may be a familiar release pattern. Parameters are set and used at build time to transform configuration files or code to enable environment specific connectivity.
 - Utilize existing infrastructure or deployment processes without changes to current code.
 - Enables migration of source to Azure Repos without affecting deployment process.
 - Risk of code being introduced due to timing of builds for different environments.
 - If environment specific branches are used, potential merge conflicts and resolutions could cause environment specific bugs.
 - Not utilizing automation for environment deployments and approvals.
 - Lack of built-in transparency and reporting on deployments.
One Build, Configuration Transformation
Once you have a build configured to publish an Artifact, you can move to deploying that same Artifact across multiple environments. To achieve this using Azure Pipelines, you need to pass configuration to the environment.
The Azure App Service task, among others in the Azure DevOps Marketplace, provides built-in functionality to perform configuration transformation.
add an artifactIn this example, the environment name is Development
By selecting 'XML transformation' option in the task, the task will look for any files ending in the 'config' file extension and match them to the name of the environment step. In this example, the environment name is Development, so web.development.config will be used for the transformation!
 - Single build artifact deployed across each environment ensuring same code used.
 - Utilize built-in, industry standard methods for setting.net configuration.
 - Configuration transformation must be supported by the task.
 - Sensitive, unencrypted information may be stored in transformation files providing unauthorized access.
Another option is to utilize 'XML variable substitution.' Sensitive information can be stored and secured within Azure Pipelines vs. in plain text transformation files.
ProdConnectionString variable defined
In this example, the web.config file for the Production environment will have a ProdConnectionString variable defined in either the applicationSettings, appSettings, or connectionStrings sections of the web.config. This variable will then be subsituted with the environment specific and secured value from Azure Pipelines.
Continuous Deployment
Once each environment is configured by Azure Pipelines, control how the code is promoted through each environment. Continuous Delivery is established by automating quality gates and building confidence in the code, so that it can flow from development to production. The Continuous Deployment starts with manual approvals and identifies how to establish and then automate the quality gates.
For Azure Pipelines, approvals can be set on each environment so the same build artifact can be used, and stakeholders can be provided the transparency they require on current pipelines status.
pre-deployment conditionsapprovals can be set on each environment
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The evolution of transport in malta
From the horse to the cart, trams and buses, the history of transport in Malta is an interesting and varied one
Sedan chair
Up to the the mid 1800s, the only means of human transport in Malta was the horse, cart or kaless; a cabin on a pair of large wheels. The 'priveleged' also used the sedan chair. Known as 'is-suggetta', the grand enclosed vehicle required two strong men, who were often harnessed, to carry it.
In 1856, the very first omnibus was brought to the island. It carried 16 passengers and made just three daily trips. The company began operating on the Lija-Valletta route in 1857 and also began operating a St. Julians-Valletta route, just a week later.
Malta railway
By 1883, however, the Malta Railway, a single railway line from Valletta to Mdina, began operating. The only railway line to ever exist in Malta, it was a single track line in meter-gauge and operated all the way up until 1931, when it was closed due to 'economic insufficiency.'
tram passing through paola
In 1905, a tram service was also inaugurated, which linked the Three Cities (Birgu, Senglea and Bormla), Birkirkara and Zebbug. With two floors, 20 passengers could be seated and the rest, the majority of which were farmers carrying fresh fruit and live chickens, would be standing. The upper floor could accommodate up to 18 seated passengers, however no standing passengers were allowed due to the overhead electric wires.
The service was terminated in 1929. Enter: buses; the primary method of public transport in Malta. A primitive service commenced in 1905 and led to the eventual downfall of the tram. A certain Mr Spiller was granted the permission to import buses from the UK, to run between St. Andrew and Valletta. Due to Malta being a naval base at the time, a mode of transport was crucial
valletta-st. julian's double decker
Initially, 6 buses were imported and later, another 20 seven-seater single decker buses, and 30 six-seater double decker buses began running between Valletta and St. Julians. Over time, even more were imported and in 1921, a Public Transport Co. was formed. Just 9 years later, there were 385 licensed route buses running.
After the 1971 General Elections, there was a reorganisation, for all route buses to amalgamate into one group, in order for all bus owners to receive the same income. Following protests and strikes, the final decision was made for 3 groups to be formed, each under the control of a committee. This led to more issues, as competition between bus drivers was rife, often resulting in 40-seater buses being loaded with more than 70 passengers!
Three years later, by 1977, all route buses began operating in one group. A centralised office called Assocjazzjoni Trasport Pubbliku (ATP) was formed, under the control of a committee elected by bus owners every two years.
traditional maltese bus
In 1995, the buses were painted yellow with an orange stripe. The ATP operated a total of 508 buses, all the way up until 2011. Then, a major restructure of the bus service occurred, which resulted in Arriva taking over. During the process, several of the old buses were either scrapped, kept by their owners for private use, converted into souvenir buses over time, or transferred to other companies such as Heritage Malta.
Arriva's service, however, only lasted till 2014, when the Malta Public Transport Services Limited began operating the public transport. By 2015, Autobuses Urbanos de Leon began operating. By mid-2015, the Tallinja card was launched, allowing travelers to pay as they go.
Which brings us to today. Nowadays, we have countless options to choose from, where transport is concerned. In addition to hopping on a bus, locals and foreigners alike can also opt for taxis, car-sharing, pay-as-you-go bicycles, e-bikes and scooters. You can hire a car, rent a motorbike, hop on a ferry or even catch a water taxi.
Depending on your budget and where exactly it is you'd like to travel to, the Islands are ready to meet and surpass your every expectation.


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Scope and Contents
The letter (autograph letter signed) is from Thomas Dick to a young reader of his books. It is dated 1 December 1848 and was written in Broughty Ferry (near Dundee). He writes that he he is'gratified to find that my writings have afforded you entertainment and instruction'. The letter congratulates him on pursuing his studies and mentions that he has just had two books published by the Religious Tract Society - The solar system and The atmosphere...
- Subject: Letters
- Subject: Science


Tuareg (Tamasheq, Tamajaq, Tamahaq)
Tuareg is a Berber language or a number of closely-related languages spoken in parts of Mali, Niger, Algeria, Libya and Burkina Faso by the Tuareg people, and by some Kinnin people in Chad. The total number of speakers is about 1.2 million.
Tuareg is traditionally written with the Tifinagh alphabet, which is now mainly used to write magical formulae, writing on palms when silence is required, and for letter-writing. The Arabic alphabet is also used in some areas, and has been since the Middle Ages, and different versions of the Latin alphabet are used in Mali and Niger.
Tuareg alphabets and pronunciation
Tamasheq alphabet
This is the official alphabet for Tamasheq in Mali. It was adopted in 1967 and modified in 1982.
Tamasheq alphabet as used in Mali
Tamajaq alphabet
This is the official alphabet for Tamajaq in Niger and it was adopted in 1999.
Tamajaq alphabet as used in Niger
Sample text in Tamasheq
Mdan ddunt tiwen llullin, ulan s lhəq. Ǧrawən tayətte d man full ed nmərtayən s taññət.
Tamasheq sample text in the Neo-Tifinagh alphabet
Sample text in Tamasheq in the Neo-Tifinagh alphabet
Source: _URL_
Tower of Babel in Tamasheq
Information about Tuareg languages and people
Berber languages
Ancient Berber, Guanche, Kabyle, Tamazight, Tuareg
Other languages written with the Latin alphabet
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This Crayola Glow Board is a really unique toy. Are you looking for simple instructions on how the glow board works? Here's a neat video from Crayola. As you can see it lets kids create artwork on the drawing surface of the glow board.
It comes with six neon markers with special ink that allow the drawing to glow in the dark. Kids just wipe the surface with a damp paper towel and rewrite over and over again on the surface. There are so many Crayola products that its actually quite confusing as to which product is which. This particular toy is the Crayola Color Explosion Glow Board!
Crayola Glow Board Has These Neat Features
- The board has two see through drawing surfaces.
- Once kids are finished their drawing the surface lights inside the glow board can be turned on. The ink will glow sort of like a neon light.
- The glow board light can flash between the two layers, creating animated art and a 3D effect.
- The markers provided are blue, red,green, pink and orange and have medium tips for more control over the pens.
- It's recommended for children over the age of six but some parents mention that their three year old is having fun playing with it.
- It takes three "triple A" batteries to work.
- It comes with the built in easel on the back so a child can stand it up to display their "work of art"!
- There are slots to store the markers.
- Keep kids entertained while traveling. When it gets dark out they can still see their glow board.
- It really stimulates kids' imagination.
- Wipe off screen and kids can draw over and over again.
- Very kid friendly website at Crayola.com. They have a neat little [tags]crayola-glow-board[/tags]program where kids can make their own two frame drawing. They can print them out and trace them on the Glow Board.
- One lady mentioned that all her kids age 3 and 11 year were having fun with this. So obviously it looks like it's good fun for a wide age range of kids.
- Drawing surface scratches very easily.
- It's sometimes hard for kids to see what they're drawing because the markers don't show up well unless the scene is lit up with the light.
- Some reports of markers being very dry, small in size and not lasting long.
The Crayola site mentions that it's really important to ONLY use a damp paper towel to wipe the board off. One lady mentioned that she ended up scratching her board by scrubbing a soft tissue to get the design off. Also baby wipes will leave a residue. So even when you are traveling with the board bring some damp paper towels in a zip lock bag to wipe it. Any alternative to that will scratch the board or not clean it well.
It might be a good idea to get some back up markers as well because a lot of parents say they don't last.The directions warn you that the markers dry out much faster than regular markers if you leave the caps off. They also recommend storing them in a Ziploc bag.
The Crayola Glow Board has some fans! The majority of parents say its super fun for their kids and a very unique toy. Overall most parents mentioned that they are satisfied with it and were willing to overlook the negative points. Not only is it fun, but it encourages artistic creativity. It offers a different dimension to their art and the glow effect is very cool. Hey guess what?? Now your kids can have creative fun with bath bubbles! Here's a Bath Blizzard review!


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1). Heating units placed work platform, countertops should be smooth, the material must be resistant to heat.
2). In the course of their work, the board and around the very hot, be careful to guard against burn, burn!
3). The heated object to safety, high temperatures may damage the heating elements.
4). Prohibiting the use of the heating plate in the vicinity of flammable and combustible material.
5). To move or touch the machine, remember to turn off the power to be heated plate is completely cooled to room temperature.
6). The machine is a high-temperature electric products, remember to cut off the power if not using the machine to avoid danger and accidents.
7). In order to extend the life of the heating element and the machine is prohibited in high temperature (200 °c above) continuous long-term use of the machine, under normal circumstances, the machine should not be more than eight hours of continuous work time.
1). Make sure the machine ground grounded.
2). Do not let the air flow blowing straight on the plate, otherwise it will affect the heating of the heater.


- Employment, job tips and articles.
Job Search Tips
Resume Tips
Interview Tips
Engineer Consultant Positions In UK Defence
In the UK defence sector, there are a multitude of engineering specialists who are needed to develop projects and products to help fulfil various missions. Chemical engineers are needed to develop solutions for water purification processes, the production of meals for the field, and other issues involving chemical reactions. Electrical engineers are needed to ensure that the wiring and control boards of every military vehicle and piece of machinery are working at peak efficiency. Civil engineers need to help military personnel and local leaders develop bridges, temporary settlements, and other structures needed for strategic and humanitarian needs. However, the number of engineering specialists in the UK defence sector is relatively low.
Many engineers choose to work in the private sector, where there are plenty of lucrative jobs available to the right candidates. The limited number of specialists is often out in the field, working in all parts of the world helping fulfil the mission of UK forces. As such, the military and the government rely heavily upon engineering consultants in order to help with domestic issues and consultation about policy. Graduates and young professionals in the United Kingdom who have engineering knowledge and want to be part of the UK defence sector should consider working as a consultant. Engineering firms, consultancies, and government agencies are always looking to cultivate solid young talent into experienced consultants. Engineering consultants often are tasked with more than just military projects, as there are peaks and valleys of consultancy needs.
However, engineering firms often rely heavily upon defence contracting to fulfil their annual quotas. As such, there is a steady stream of work for engineering consultants. Engineer consultant positions in UK defence provide a number of challenges not available in private organizations. After all, consultants often have to deal with expensive military equipment, massive public projects, and consultations about buildings that will hep keep soldiers and officers safe. The importance of the work is often compounded by the difficult environments in which their work needs to be done. The UK defence network covers allies in humid conditions, deserts, and mountainous environments.
These challenges are exhilarating for young professionals who want to use their skills for a greater purpose. There are a variety of ways to find engineer consultant opportunities in the United Kingdom. Graduates can research the leading firms in the engineering field, who will often provide consulting services to the government and military at some point.
As well, young engineering consultants can speak with a recruiter in order to fulfil their need for a great consulting job that involves the defence industry.
Wynnwith defence specialise in defence jobs, engineering jobs, and in particular aerospace engineer jobs and mechanical engineer jobs. The company are a leading provider of candidates to some of the most recognised aerospace and aviation companies worldwide.
Employment Tips
© Copyright 2021, After Placement Employment Tips. All rights reserved.


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-6 repetitions for men and 8-10 for women.
- Frontal squats – three sets of 4-6 and 8-10 repetitions for men and women, respectively.
- Bulgarian split-sit-ups – the number of sets and repetitions is similar to previous movements.
- Climbing toes in standing position – three sets of 8-10 repetitions.
- Raising the pelvis with an emphasis on the bench – three sets of 8-10 repetitions. Girls exercise is compulsory. And men at will.


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The Big Show
British Cinema Culture in the Great War (_PHONE_)
Subjects: Film History
The Big Show looks at the role played by cinema in British cultural life during World War One.
In writing the definitive account of film exhibition and reception in Britain in the years 1914 to 1918, Michael Hammond shows how the British film industry and British audiences responded to the traumatic effects of the Great War.
The author contends that the War's significant effect was to expedite the cultural acceptance of cinema into the fabric of British social life. As a result, by 1918, cinema had emerged as the predominant leisure form in British social life. Through a consideration of the films, the audience, the industry and the various regulating and censoring bodies, the book explores the impact of the war on the newly established cinema culture. It also studies the contribution of the new medium to the public's perception of the war.
List of Illustrations; Acknowledgements; Introduction; Chapter 1: Local Tracks: Exhibition Culture in Southampton; Chapter 2: The Crisis of Total War and New Audiences; Chapter 3: Anonymity and Recognition: The Roll of Honour Films; Chapter 4: Education or Entertainment? Public and Private Interpretations of Battle of the Somme; Chapter 5: Artful and Instructive: Respectability and The Birth of a Nation; Chapter 6: Civilization: A Super-film at the Palladium, 1917; Chapter 7: Chaplin: A Transatlantic Vernacular; Chapter 8: 1918: Anguished Voices and Comic Slackers; Conclusion; Notes; Bibliography; Filmography; Index
'…the diversity of materials focused in this book through the specifics of cinema exhibition in Southampton provides vivid access to the social, cultural and aesthetic currents that must cross in any historicized moment of viewing. It is therefore both essential reading for anyone concerned with pursuing the further development of cinema in Britain and a model for historical analysis.' (Screen, 48.1. Spring 2007) 'There are many reasons to call this book an exceptional endeavor. From the complex intertextual network Hammond draws, emerges a vivid panorama of British cinema culture in the war years. So far, no other study has shed such a bright light on the cinema culture from that era and film scholars as well as (media) historians will benefit from the fresh approach and vigorous insights of this book.' 'The book is written clearly and with relatively little recourse to jargon, and hits two areas of growing interest in film history: reception studies and British silent film history.' (Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, June 2007) 'The book is written clearly and with relatively little recourse to jargon, and hits two areas of growing interest in film history: reception studies and British silent film history.' (Early Popular Visual Culture, Vol. 6, No. 2, July 2008) '…Michael Hammond has written a wonderful book. The Big Show is carefully researched, well organized and both persuasively and imaginatively argued. It is an ambitious book and well worth the reading of anyone seeking to understand the way movies came to take pride of place among the leisure activities of Britons creating a 'cinema culture'.' (Nineteenth Century Theatre and Film, Volume 35, Number 1, Summer 2008)
Michael Hammond is a lecturer in Film in the Department of English at the University of Southampton. He has written extensively in the area of reception of early cinema in Britain, including a contribution to Young and Innocent? The Cinema in Britain, _PHONE_, edited by Andrew Higson (UEP, 2002).
New Titles List
Exeter Studies in Film History
- 'Film Europe' And 'Film America' - Cinema, Commerce and Cultural Exchange _PHONE_
- Alternative Empires - European Modernist Cinemas and Cultures of Imperialism
- Alternative Film Culture in Interwar Britain
- The Appreciation of Film - The Postwar Film Society Movement and Film Study
- The Big Show - British Cinema Culture in the Great War (_PHONE_)
- British Cinema and Middlebrow Culture in the Interwar Years
- Cecil Hepworth and the Rise of the British Film Industry _PHONE_
- Charles Urban - Pioneering the Non-Fiction Film in Britain and America, 1897 - 1925
- A Chorus Of Raspberries - British Film Comedy _PHONE_
- Going to the Movies - Hollywood and the Social Experience of Cinema
- The Great Art Of Light And Shadow - Archaeology of the Cinema
- Hollywood, Westerns And The 1930S - The Lost Trail
- Legitimate Cinema - Theatre Stars in Silent British Films, _PHONE_
- The Lost Jungle - The Hollywood Sound Serial of the 1930s and 1940s
- Marketing Modernity - Victorian Popular Shows and Early Cinema
- Multimedia Histories - From Magic Lanterns to Internet
- Parallel Tracks - The Railroad and Silent Cinema
- A Paul Rotha Reader
- Popular Filmgoing in 1930s Britain - A Choice of Pleasures
- Reading the Cinematograph - The Cinema in British Short Fiction, _PHONE_
- The World According To Hollywood,_PHONE_
- Young And Innocent? - The Cinema in Britain, _PHONE_


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Edmund Spenser (c. _PHONE_) is known for his moral allegory The Faerie Queene to Elizabeth I, of which six books survive (three published in 1590 and three in 1596).
Other books include The Shepheard's Calendar 1579, Astrophel 1586, the love sonnets Amoretti and the Epithalamion 1595.
Born in London and educated at Cambridge, in 1580 he became secretary to the Lord Deputy in Ireland, and at Kilcolman Castle completed the first three books of The Faerie Queene (Elizabeth I being the "Faerie Queene").
In 1598 Kilcolman Castle was burned down by rebels, and Spenser with his family narrowly escaped. He died in London, and was buried in Westminster Abbey.
Why is Edmund Spenser famous?
Edmund Spenser was a English poet, who has been called the "poet's poet" because of his rich imagery and command of versification.


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Last week, the UK Government announced that child care and nursery groups will soon be required to assess children from birth to age 5 years against a set of 69 early learning goals. This national curriculum for under-5s suggests that the Government is very concerned, perhaps overly so, about the learning abilities of children in the UK. But sadly, when it comes to the care of people with learning disabilities the situation is very different.
According to a report by the charity Mencap, released on March 12, people with a learning disability face institutional discrimination at every level of the UK's health service. Death by indifference
presents the stories of six people who Mencap believes have died unnecessarily because of widespread ignorance and indifference towards people with a learning disability, their families, and carers in the NHS. Mencap's concerns are supported by two reports published last year.
In July, 2006, an investigation by the Healthcare Commission
found widespread institutional abuse, including physical abuse, of people with learning disabilities at an NHS Trust in Cornwall. And in September, 2006, a report by the Disability Rights Commission
(DRC) showed that nationwide, the health needs of people with learning disabilities are not being met. According to the DRC report, people with learning disabilities were more likely than those without such disabilities to receive fewer screening tests and health investigations, live with potentially preventable health problems, and die young.
Underlying these inequalities and abuses is a disturbing lack of value for, and understanding of, the lives of people with learning disabilities. Complacent attitudes towards people with learning disabilities—for example believing that they just do die younger or thinking that they just will not look after their health—were repeatedly encountered by the DRC during their investigation. Eliminating this widespread ignorance in the UK's health service through education and training should be a priority for the Government, which last week issued its official reponse to the DRC
report's recommendations. Health professionals from undergraduates upwards must be taught to see beyond all kinds of disability.


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How do Z pinches contribute to a variety of scientific research projects?
Z provides the fastest, most accurate, and cheapest method to determine how materials will react under high pressures and temperatures, characteristics that can then be expressed in formulas called "equations of state." Equations of state tell researchers how materials will react if basic conditions like pressure and temperature are changed by specific amounts. Dovetailing theoretical simulations with laboratory work, Sandia researchers have been able to perform equation-of-state measurements more precisely than ever before. Exposing targets to the high power levels of Z also allows scientists to study extreme states of matter, such as plasmas, and it may produce unexpected reactions and generate responses of great interest to many areas of science.
Fusion research on Z, too, contributes to broader scientific insight. Because near-perfect symmetry is necessary to ignite fusion (so the imploding particles will be forced to collide by not having room to escape), a persistent challenge in fusion science has been to heat the target evenly, so it will implode symmetrically. The capsule and container holding the target have to work together to produce the desired outcome, and their configurations and interactions have been the focus of intense theory and experimentation.
Diamond, for example, has been the object of much study as a potential capsule material. In melting diamond to a puddle, Z scientists have been able to understand the material's various states – from solid to liquid, with a mixed state in-between. Thanks to Z, researchers now have a better understanding of the mixed state, which is not ideal to ignite a fusion reaction, and they can avoid it as they continue to experiment with diamond. In this and other ways, research on Z provides a roadmap for potential problems and opportunities on the path to fusion.
Beyond the fabrication of fusion pellets and the careful design of targets, achieving fusion requires work on many other interdependent elements including the machines, the mechanisms for delivering power onto a target, implementing detailed diagnostics for experiments, and creating computer codes to understand and then predict what the diagnostics revealed. Fusion is conducted in extremely complicated systems that involve complicated radiation dynamics as well as densities and temperatures not otherwise seen in nature. Trying to understand all the elements involved requires large computer codes, and tests conducted on the Z machine are very useful for testing and refining those codes. All of this work is crucial especially in conjunction with the National Ignition Campaign, which is the program to reach ignition of an inertial confinement fusion target at the National Ignition Facility.
How do Z pinches work?
The Z machine uses electricity to create radiation and heat, which are both applied to a variety of scientific purposes ranging from weapons research to the pursuit of fusion energy.
The process starts with wall-current electricity, which Z uses to charge up large capacitors (structures designed to store an electric charge). The electricity is supplied by a local utility company, and in every shot the machine consumes only about as much energy as it would take to light 100 homes for a few minutes. Metal cables arranged like the spokes of a wheel connect the capacitors to a central vacuum chamber, 10 feet in diameter and 20 feet high. The cables, some insulated by water and some by oil, are each as big around as a horse and 30 feet long.
When the accelerator fires, powerful electrical pulses strike a target at the center of the machine. Each shot from Z carries more than 1,000 times the electricity of a lightning bolt, and it finishes 20,000 times faster. The target is about the size of a spool of thread, and it consists of hundreds of tungsten wires, each thinner than a human hair, enclosed in a small metal container known as a hohlraum (German for hollow space). The hohlraum serves to maintain a uniform temperature.
The flow of energy through the tungsten wires dissolves them into a plasma and creates a strong magnetic field that forces the exploded particles inward. The speed at which the particles move is equivalent to traveling from Los Angeles to New York – about 3,000 miles – in slightly less than one second. The particles then collide with one another along the z axis (hence the name "Z pinch"), and the collisions produce intense radiation (in physics terms, 2 million joules of X-ray energy) that heats the walls of the hohlraum to approximately 1.8 million degrees Celsius.
As fast and powerful as the implosion is, the instruments that measure it must be even faster in order to record the details of the process. This is an added challenge for researchers who rely on the accuracy of these measurements to understand Z results and nuclear events in general. Accurate measurements also allow scientists to experiment with a variety of target arrangements to create conditions useful for many different purposes.


APIs) for mapping object references into an hierarchical naming structure (JNDI in this case).
 - Commands for displaying bindings and for binding and unbinding naming context objects and application objects into the namespace.
 6. IDL client applications can locate an object by asking the CORBA Name Service to look up the name in the JNDI tree of WebLogic Server. In the previous example, you run the client by entering the following command:
 Client.exe -ORBInitRef NameService=iioploc://localhost:7001/NameService


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At Colgate, we recognize that our people are our greatest asset. It is the efforts of talented and dedicated people that make our success possible, and we are committed to attracting, developing and retaining these people.
We strive to be your employer of choice by:
- Stimulating careers by providing training, education, and growth opportunities
- Creating an exciting and motivating work environment
- Ensuring that people feel recognized and rewarded
- Promoting fundamental values and ongoing communication that keeps people feeling connected
- Supporting activities and accomplishments that reflect our corporate values of Caring, Global Teamwork and Continuous Improvement
- Ensuring a feeling of belonging by recruiting and retaining people of all backgrounds in our global workforce
- Encouraging a healthy balance between work and personal responsibilities.
To foster an environment of trust, community and open communication, we have established a Managing with Respect philosophy. All Colgate people are responsible for practicing the five principles of Managing with Respect:
- Communicating Effectively
- Giving and Seeking Feedback
- Valuing Unique Contributions
- Promoting Teamwork
- Setting the Example