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The brimstone is common throughout the New Forest and the rest of Hampshire. It is widespread and common in England, less common in Wales and Ireland and mostly absent from Scotland.
Brimstones can be seen in almost any habitat as they wander widely in search of mates and food. They lay their eggs on alder buckthorn trees in the National Park, which prefer damper areas, and they are quite fussy about exactly which tree they choose. They prefer trees in sunny positions, sheltered from the wind.
Being a yellow, or butter-coloured, fly, it is often thought that this species gave rise to the name 'butterfly'. Unusually, brimstones spend the winter as an adult staying hidden in the shelter of ivy clumps and holly trees.
Brimstones can be seen just about anywhere in the National Park from April through to September, but they are most often seen in woodlands and areas with some trees. If you spend a sunny day in April, May or June in a New Forest woodland you will almost certainly see some brimstones.
ID Tip
ID Tip
Brimstone butterflies are the only yellow butterfly without any black on the wings and so are very easily identified. The female is less bright, more of a creamy colour, but can also be told from any similar species by the lack of black on the wings.
How you can help
How can you help
Alder buckthorn is never a very common tree and you can help brimstone butterflies by planting one in a sunny, sheltered spot in your garden.
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text:
Coral Reef Fish Make Their Way Home
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Media Relations Office
May 3, 2007
Coral reef fish hatchlings dispersed by ocean currents are able to make
their way back to their home reefs again to spawn, says a
groundbreaking study published today in the journal Science.
The study, whose findings are considered a major advance for fish
conservation biology, was conducted by an international team of
scientists from Australia, France, and the U.S. using a novel tagging
method to track two populations of fish, including the endearing
orange, black, and white reef-dwelling clownfish made famous in the
movie "Finding Nemo."
Led by Dr. Geoff Jones and Dr. Glenn Almany of the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies at James Cook University, the study took place on coral reefs in a marine protected area in Papua New Guinea. Scientists tested a new method to trace fish from birth to spawning and detect the percentage of fish hatched on one reef that return there to spawn. The techniques used in this study can reveal the extent to which fish populations on separate reefs are isolated breeding populations, or connected by fish movements (known as 'connectivity'). Such information is critical to effective management of reef fish populations.
Following two fish species, the clownfish (Amphiprion percula) and the vagabond butterflyfish (Chaetodon vagabundus), the scientists found that young of both species made it back to their home reef about 60 percent of the time⎯a surprising result for fish larvae that had dispersed from a small reef habitat into a large area. The researchers tagged fish at the reef surrounding a small island, Kimbe Island, within a recently-designated Marine Protected Area in Kimbe Bay, Papua New Guinea.
"If we understand how fish larvae disperse, it will enable better design of marine protected areas, and this will help in the rebuilding of threatened fish populations," said Almany, lead author on the Science article. Other members of the team were Michael Berumen of the University of Arkansas, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) biologist Simon Thorrold, and Serge Planes of the Universite de Perpignan.
The study's results highlight three notable achievements. This is the first time scientists have successfully used a new internal tagging method in the field, as well as in the lab. It is the first larval tagging study of a pelagic (open water-swimming) spawning fish. It is also the first comparison between two fish species with different reproductive strategies and dispersal patterns.
The tagging method the team employed was developed by Simon Thorrold at WHOI. The process involves injecting minute quantities of harmless stable barium isotopes into breeding female fish of both species. "The isotopes are passed to the offspring and incorporated into the ear bones - or otoliths - of the developing embryos," said Thorrold, "thereby labeling the hatchlings at birth with the isotopes as permanent traceable tags."
Two months after injecting females, the scientists returned and captured newly settled fish at the same reef to determine how many had returned to their home reef and how many had migrated from other nearby reefs. The percentage of fish whose otoliths were labeled with the rare barium isotope was identified at WHOI through a technique known as laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
The two species have different reproductive styles. Butterflyfish release eggs and sperm into the water, and the larvae drift and swim freely for more than a month before finding a home reef. In contrast, clownfish spawn eggs that are attached to the reef for a week before the larvae hatch and disperse in oceanic waters for 10-14 days. The larval clownfish must then find a reef, and a suitable anemone, that will be home for the remainder of its life. Currents inevitably carry both species away from the parental reef, because larval fish cannot swim well, but this study confirms that the majority of both species appear to find their way home after completing the oceanic larval phase.
Reef fish conservation programs utilizing marine protected areas are based on assumptions about how many fish migrate in from other areas and how many return to home areas to spawn. At a time of increasing pressures on coral reef ecosystems, this study provides an important piece for planning the optimum size of coral reef protected areas and breeding populations.
"Just as importantly," said Almany of their results, "40 percent of the juveniles came from other reefs that are at least ten kilometers (five miles) away, which indicates significant exchange between populations separated by open sea. This shows how marine protected areas can contribute to maintaining fish populations outside no-fishing zones."
The successful test of this method in the field offers scientists and managers a powerful new way to evaluate the effectiveness of management models and practices based on direct information. Thorrold is continuing this work, using the maternal labeling technique to evaluate the degree of connectivity in other fish populations, including endangered Nassau grouper in the Caribbean.
This work was funded in part by the National Science Foundation.
The Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution is a private, independent organization in Falmouth, Mass., dedicated to marine research, engineering, and higher education. Established in 1930 on a recommendation from the National Academy of Sciences, its primary mission is to understand the oceans and their interaction with the Earth as a whole, and to communicate a basic understanding of the ocean's role in the changing global environment.
Originally published: May 3, 2007

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


choline chloride data sheet
choline chloride
Chinese: 氯化胆碱French: chlorure de choline (n.m.)Russian: холина хлорид
Status: WHO INN
IUPAC PIN: 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethan-1-aminium chloride
IUPAC name: choline chloride
(2-hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride
CAS name: 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride (1:1)
CAS Reg. No.: 67-48-1
Formula: C5H14ClNO
Activity: plant growth regulators (unclassified plant growth regulators)
Notes: There is no ISO common name for this substance; the name "choline chloride" is approved by the World Health Organization, and is also approved in China (氯化胆碱).
Structure: Structural formula of choline chloride
Pronunciation: -lēn klor-ǐd Guide to British pronunciation
InChI: InChI=1S/C5H14NO.ClH/c1-6(2,3)4-5-7;/h7H,4-5H2,1-3H3;1H/q+1;/p-1
A data sheet from the Compendium of Pesticide Common Names


text:
Demand is the rate at which electricity is used. Energy use is the total amount of electricity consumed over a period of time. Demand is usually measured in kilowatts. Energy use is measured in kilowatt hours.
Demand meters are used for measuring electricity used in commercial and industrial buildings, as well as other installations billed under Grand Bahama Power's demand energy rates. They measure and record the amount of energy used, and the highest rate of demand over a specific period of time.
For more information on the Demand Charges, see Business Power Rates.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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We know that $$ \sum_{n \le x}\frac{1}{n\ln n} = \ln\ln x + c_1 + O(1/x) $$
where $c_1$ is a constant. Again Mertens' theorem says that the primes $p$ satisfy $$ \sum_{p \le x}\frac{1}{p} = \ln\ln x + M + O(1/\ln x). $$
Thus both these divergent series grow at the same rate. Mertens' theorem was proved without using the prime number theorem, some 25 years before PNT was proved. However from these two examples, we cannot conclude that
$$ \lim_{n \to \infty} \frac{p_n}{n\ln n} = 1 $$ otherwise Mertens' would have been the first to prove PNT. My question is - based on the above two series, what are the technical difficulties that prevent us from reaching the conclusion that $p_n/n\ln n = 1$. There may be counter examples with other series, so such conclusions may not be true in general. However I am not interested in the general case. Instead I am asking only in case of the sequence $1/n\ln n$ and $1/p_n$.
share|cite|improve this question
The error in Merten's theorem is $O(1/\log x)$, not $O(1/x)$. I suspect that $O(1/x)$ is not true. – David Speyer May 2 '12 at 12:59
Indeed, I suspect that standard techniques (Landau's theorem) prove that the error term in Mertens's theorem is $\Omega(x^{-1/2})$; perhaps Littlewood's technique might even give $\Omega_\pm(x^{-1/2}\log\log\log x)$. – Greg Martin May 2 '12 at 17:47
_USER_: See my response for a precise estimate. – GH from MO May 3 '12 at 2:38
_USER_, Thanks for the correction, I had mistyped. – Nilotpal Sinha May 3 '12 at 10:49
Incidentally, Mertens did give a proof of $\zeta(1+it)=0\implies \zeta(1+2it)=\infty$ based on his 3-4-1 inequality (this was after the proofs of Hadamard and de la Vallee Poussin). So in some sense he could prove PNT. :) – Gjergji Zaimi May 4 '12 at 7:08
4 Answers 4
up vote 62 down vote accepted
Here is a heuristic that I plan to make into a blog post some day. Suppose that there were only finitely many primes with first digit $9$. Is your estimate good enough to see that?
To be more precise, suppose that there were no primes between $9 \times 10^k$ and $10^{k+1}$ for all sufficiently large $k$. And suppose that the number of primes between $a$ and $b$, for $10^k \leq a < b \leq 9 \times 10^k$ is $\approx \frac{\log 10}{\log 9} \int_{a}^b dt/\log t$ (when $a$ is not too close to $b$). We'll see later where the fraction $\log 10/\log 9$ comes from.
The first thing to note is that this would violate the prime number theorem. In this scenario, we would have $\pi(9 \times 10^k) = \pi(10 \times 10^k)$ for $k$ large. But the prime number theorem says that $$\pi(10\times 10^k) - \pi(9 \times 10^k) \sim \frac{10 \times 10^k}{k \log 10 + \log {10}} - \frac{9 \times 10^k}{k \log 10 + \log {9}} \sim \frac{10^k}{k \log 10} \to \infty.$$ So proving the prime number theorem involves disproving this ridiculous scenario.
Now, let's see that the scenario is consistent with $\sum_{p \leq N} 1/p = \log \log N + M + O(1/\log N)$. The sum over the primes between $10^k$ and $10^{k+1}$ would be roughly $$\frac{\log 10}{\log 9} \int_{10^k}^{9 \times 10^k} \frac{dt}{t \log t} = \frac{\log 10}{\log 9} \left( \log \log (9 \times 10^k) - \log \log 10^k \right)$$ $$=\frac{\log 10}{\log 9} \left( \log( k \log 10+\log 9) - \log (k \log 10) \right) = \frac{\log 10}{\log 9} \left( \log \left( 1+\frac{\log 9}{k \log 10} \right) \right) $$ $$ = \frac{\log 10}{\log 9} \frac{\log 9}{k \log 10} + O(1/k^2)= \frac{1}{k} + O(1/k^2)$$
So $$\sum_{p \leq 10^{n+1}} \frac{1}{p} = \sum_{j=1}^n \left( \frac{1}{j} + O(1/j^2) \right)=$$ $$\log n + B + O(1/n) = \log \log 10^{n+1} + C + O(1/\log 10^{n+1}).$$ Very important exercise left for you: If you redo this computation for $\sum_{p \leq 9 \times 10^k} 1/p$, you get $\log \log (9 \times 10^k) + C + O(1/\log(9 \times 10^k))$ for the same constant $C$. The point is that $\log \log 10^{k+1} - \log \log (9 \times 10^k) = O(1/\log 10^k)$, so this estitmate is consistent with $\sum_{p \leq N} 1/p$ not growing at all between $9 \times 10^k$ and $10 \times 10^k$.
This trick is useful for refuting other simple approaches to the PNT. For example, the "primes hate to start with $9$ scenario" is also consistent with $\sum \log p/p^s = 1/(s-1) + O(1)$ as $s \to 1^{+}$, so that is also not enough to prove PNT.
share|cite|improve this answer
See also my response. – GH from MO May 3 '12 at 2:35
Indeed, one can view the known proofs of the prime number theorem as methodically isolating and then eliminating such "conspiracies" among the primes. In particular, by working either with the zeroes of the zeta function or with Selberg's explicit formula, one soon finds that the only conspiracy that can really cause trouble is if primes p hate having $p^{it}$ stray far from the negative axis, for some non-zero real $t$... but then $p^{2it}$ stays too close to the positive real axis, which one can show is in contradiction with the conditional convergence of $n^{2it}/n$. – Terry Tao May 4 '12 at 6:53
Or, one can use sieve theory to stop $p^{it}$ clustering near the negative axis too often (this is how the Erdos-Selberg elementary proof goes). – Terry Tao May 4 '12 at 6:54
To connect Terry's comment and my post, having no primes between $9 \times 10^k$ and $10 \times 10^k$ is the same as having $p^{2 \pi i/\log 10}$ avoid a certain wedge in $\mathbb{C}$. I just find it easier to think "how would such and such sum behave if no primes started with $9$" then "how would it behave if $\mathrm{arg}(p^{it})$ was never near $\pi$?" – David Speyer May 4 '12 at 17:13
Let me supplement David Speyer's nice response by elaborating on his original comment and Greg Martin's comment. Let us write $$ \sum_{p\leq x}\frac{1}{p}=\ln\ln x+M+R(x), $$ then we have, using Riemann-Stieltjes integrals, $$ F(x):=\sum_{x < p \leq 2x} \frac{\ln p}{p}=\int_x^{2x}\ln t\ d(\ln\ln t+M) + \int_x^{2x


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YouTube has an interesting comedy slam page where users can compare two videos and vote the one which appeals to them. YouTube slam, which is categorized into music, comedy, bizarre and cute, is sort of a never ending addictive game where you watch bizarre videos and vote the ones you find interesting, funny or humorous. You get nothing out of this, except a mention as a top voter on the slam leaderboards.
But have you ever wondered how Google measures which video is funnier, which one is bizarre and which one is cute? What are the signals Google counts when ranking videos in the YouTube slam page?
Unlike textual content, Google and other search engines can't "read" the content of a video or see through it. The only way a bot can have some clue about a video is its associated metadata, the title tags, description, anchor text, links from other domains, user comments and so forth. This mechanism is often, not so accurate and can be quirked for selfish reasons.
Coming to how YouTube ranks videos in slam pages, a Google researcher admitted that there is an algorithm which tries to measure the degree of laughter associated with a video. The algorithm is not entirely driven by view counts or mere votes because of the fact that human feelings are subjective in nature. What appears humorous to one age group might be a complete turn off for another.
The funny thing is that the algorithm tries to extract "textual laughter" from the comments section of a YouTube video. Words such as "hahaha", "hehehe", "jajaja", "kekeke" in user comments counts as a strong signal towards the humorous nature of a video. This algorithm also considers web acronyms such as LOL, ROFL or LMAO and emoticons e.g :D, ;-) xP.
Google trains classifiers to identify funny videos and finds the reason why this video is funny and to what category or genre this video may belong to. The ranking algorithm is strongly driven by human reaction and their emphasis on emotions e.g a looooooool is considered a stronger signal than a lol because of the elongation which reflects the viewer's emphasis. Here is what Google says:
We noticed that viewers emphasize their reaction to funny videos in several ways: e.g. capitalization (LOL), elongation (loooooool), repetition (lolololol), exclamation (lolllll!!!!!), and combinations thereof. If a user uses an "loooooool" vs an "loool", does it mean they were more amused? We designed features to quantify the degree of emphasis on words associated with amusement in viewer comments. We then trained a passive-aggressive ranking algorithm using human-annotated pairwise ground truth and a combination of text and audiovisual features. Similar to Music Slam, we used this ranker to populate candidates for human voting for our Comedy Slam.
Now they are judging candidates for YouTube slam by how many "lols" are written underneath a video? Like this video which got more than 3000 comments and 1,566,000 views but it's not funny!


text:
M. Moll and M. A. Erdmann, "Manipulation of Pose Distributions," in Algorithmic and Computational Robotics: New Directions, A. K. Peters, 2001, pp. 127–141.
For assembly tasks parts often have to be oriented before they can be put in an assembly. The results presented in this paper are a component of the automated design of parts orienting devices. The focus is on orienting parts with minimal sensing and manipulation. We present a new approach to parts orienting through the manipulation of pose distributions. Through dynamic simulation we can determine the pose distribution for an object being dropped from an arbitrary height on an arbitrary surface. By varying the drop height and the shape of the support surface we can find the initial conditions that will result in a pose distribution with minimal entropy. We are trying to uniquely orient a part with high probability just by varying the initial conditions. We will derive a condition on the pose and velocity of an object in contact with a sloped surface that will allow us to quickly determine the final resting configuration of the object. This condition can then be used to quickly compute the pose distribution. We also present simulation and experimental results that show how dynamic simulation can be used to find optimal shapes and drop heights for a given part.


text:
Kubegres is a Kubernetes operator allowing to deploy one or many clusters of PostgreSql instances with data replication and failover enabled out-of-the box. It brings simplicity when using PostgreSql considering how complex managing stateful-set's life-cycle and data replication could be with Kubernetes.
Kubegres is open source and available on GitHub.
- It can manage one or many clusters of Postgres instances. Each cluster of Postgres instances is created using a YAML of "kind: Kubegres". Each cluster is self-contained and is identified by its unique name and namespace.
- It creates a cluster of PostgreSql servers with Streaming Replication enabled: it creates a Primary PostgreSql pod and a number of Replica PostgreSql pods and replicates primary's database in real-time to Replica pods.
- It manages failover: if a Primary PostgreSql crashes, it automatically promotes a Replica PostgreSql as a Primary.
- It has a data backup option allowing to dump PostgreSql data regularly in a given volume.
- It provides a very simple YAML with properties specialised for PostgreSql.
- It is resilient, has over 85 automatized tests cases and has been running in production.
- It works with the PostgreSql containers created by the Docker Official Images team (version 12.4 or higher). Kubegres uses the standard PostgreSql libraries to manage replication and failover and it does not require a custom Docker image with a set of third party libraries.
- It is portable because compatible with any Docker images which derive from the PostgreSql containers.
Kubegres is fully integrated with Kubernetes' lifecycle as it runs as an operator written in Go. It is minimalist in terms of codebase compared to other open-source Postgres operators. It has the minimal and yet robust required features to manage a cluster of PostgreSql on Kubernetes. We aim keeping this project small and simple.
Among many reasons, there are 5 main ones why we recommend Kubegres:
- Standard: to manage replications, failover and backup, Kubegres is 100% relying on the PostgreSql standard libraries bundled in the PostgreSql containers. It does not ship with any custom or third party libraries to manage those features.
- Small learning curve: if you are already familiar with the standard PostgreSql libraries, you can understand and admin Kubegres easily.
- Secure: all other open source projects that we have evaluated do require their own custom Docker containers which ship with custom libraries. And in order to reduce the attack surface caused by additional dependencies, we have decided to only depend on the PostgreSql containers created and maintained by the Docker Official Images team.
- Portable: the approach above allows Kubegres to be compatible with any containers which derive from those PostgreSql containers.
- Pure Go: Kubegres was entirely written in Go and no additional languages were used (e.g. Python,...). And it uses the latest Kubebuilder version 3 which is maintained by the official Kubernetes API Machinery Special Interest Group (SIG).
Tell me more
It was developed with the framework Kubebuilder version 3, an SDK for building Kubernetes APIs using CRDs. Kubebuilder is maintained by the official Kubernetes API Machinery Special Interest Group (SIG).


Sunday, May 24, 2015
One-Word Labeling: Thoughts, Emotions, Sensations, and Urges
Goldy for
"One-Word Labeling" is a sample activity from the book The Practicing Happiness Workbook and is reprinted here with permission from New Harbinger Publications, Inc.
We all have constant streams of sensations, emotions, thoughts, and urges passing through our minds and bodies. If we're not aware of them, we may act on them in unhealthy ways. Mindful labeling can help. Labeling is simply the act of naming what you're observing.
 - A sensation is a physical feeling in the body, such as aching or tingling.
 - A thought is something that passes through the mind: a string of words, a mental image, or a memory.
 - An urge is an impulse or desire to do something, such as scratch your nose.
 - An emotion is a combination of sensations, thoughts, and urges. Emotions are complex, but they can be labeled with a single word, such as "anger," "happiness," or "sadness."
Let's use these labels in a meditation exercise. We'll try it for five minutes the first time.
 Settle into a posture that's relaxed yet alert. Close your eyes or gaze at a neutral spot. Allow your breath to flow at its own rhythm without trying to change it.
When you're ready, expand your attention to include whatever you notice within your mind and body. Label what you observe: "thought," "emotion," "sensation," or "urge." Say the word gently and silently to yourself. Don't try to force anything, just label whatever appears.
The purpose of mindfully labeling thoughts and feelings is to recognize that they're distinct from the person who's having them. You are not your thoughts and feelings; they come and go while you remain yourself.
Adapted from The Practicing Happiness Handbook, by Ruth Baer, PhD. © New Harbinger Publications, 2014. Reprinted with permission.
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Shubha Mudgal on her musical journey, being a first-generation artist and her success in Indi-pop
In an interview to Firstpost, Shubha Mudgal said that finding one's voice as a musician is about coming to terms with your strength and limitations | _TAG_
Suryasarathi Bhattacharya February 21, 2018 19:02:07 IST
In the vast expanse of Hindustani classical musicians and artists in India, only some have been able to bridge the ever-existing gap between the highbrow gentry and the popular mass. We may attribute this to the complicated nature of the art form, or the inherent exclusivity associated with the pursuit of classical art, in general.
This bridging of the gap between high culture and popular culture becomes even more significant when a woman is at the centre of it. Shubha Mudgal, with her distinct voice and magnetic personality, has been active in the Indian music space for over three decades now. Whether it is her rendition of different genres such as the khayal, thumri and dadra, or lighter forms of music, bhajans or even Indian pop, listeners, both old and young, have always enjoyed her music.
Shubha Mudgal on her musical journey being a firstgeneration artist and her success in Indipop
Shubha Mudgal. Facebook
She recently performed at the Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya (CSMVS), as part of the closing of the India and the World exhibition, a joint venture by the CSMVS, National Museum, New Delhi, and the British Museum, on 18 February. In the event, titled 'Baramasa — A Year in Song', Mudgal presented a special collection of compositions based on the theme of the seasons of the mind, body and spirit, as extracted from baramasa poems in Hindi literature. She was accompanied by Aneesh Pradhan (tabla), Dnyaneshwar Sonawane (harmonium), Dhaivat Mehta and Shweta Deshpande (tanpura).
Speaking to Firstpost, Mudgal revisited her childhood, growing up as a musician, and her opinions on the pursuit of music.
How were you introduced into the world of music? Was the environment at home inclined towards art?
My parents were teachers of English Literature at the University of Allahabad, but both shared a deep and abiding passion for music and the arts. They had studied music but never took it up professionally. However, due to their interest in the art form, they ensured that my sister Ragini and I were given abundant exposure to music and the arts, and were also provided with ample opportunities to learn from an early age.
You also underwent rigourous Kathak training during your childhood. What made you switch from dance to music?
I started learning Kathak when I was 4 years old and continued my lessons for over a decade. But later, my mother suggested that I train in thumri-singing as well, due to the association of thumri with dance. However, once I started training formally in vocal music, I felt I needed to concentrate on studying it as I had made a late start, and there was much to be learnt and imbibed. I gave up dancing thereafter and decided to concentrate on music with the support and encouragement of my parents.
Growing up, when you were pursuing music, who were your major influences?
I think for all students of music, their gurus exercise the greatest influence on them, and I am no different. When I sing, hopefully, listeners who knew my gurus and their music will be able to decipher stylistic resemblances, as well as recognise the musical inheritance passed on to me. I learnt from several great musicians like Pandit Ramashreya Jha 'Ramrang', Pandit Vinay Chandra Maudgalya, Pandit Vasant Thakar, Pandit Jitendra Abhisheki, Pandit Kumar Gandharva and Smt Naina Devi.
How moving from Allahabad to Delhi change the course of your musical career?
When I shifted from the sleepy university town of Allahabad to India's capital, I was able to witness many more performances of music and performing arts, because artists and troupes of national and international acclaim were regular visitors to Delhi. My exposure to the arts increased dramatically.
In Allahabad, I was the daughter of two very well-loved teachers in the University, and most music lovers treated me with more indulgence and kindness than I probably deserved then. In Delhi, I was just another young student of music among many talented people who wanted to make a full-time commitment to the art form, and I had to prove my mettle.
On the other hand, the sense of itminaan or unhurried leisure that is a part of the classical music system is absent when you become part of the life of a megalopolis like Delhi. For a small town girl like me, life in Delhi was a massive contrast.
Over the years, you have attained fame, popularity as well as a large degree of reverence from listeners. Do you still get the time for riyaaz, in the midst of your schedule? How important is it?
I have indeed been fortunate to have received love and I cherish it so deeply that I can never take it for granted. To this day, my life obsessively revolves around music, and my days are full of riyaaz, teaching, studying, writing, performing and of course, copious amounts of listening to different kinds of music.
Shubha Mudgal. Facebook
Do you think that with the advent of technology and the availability of various means at their disposal, the current generation tends to take things too easy?
I don't think it is fair to generalise. Yes, there are young people who seek shortcuts and want instant success, but I am also certain that there were such people in the previous generations, too. In equal numbers, there are very committed, serious students of music who dedicate themselves to a lifetime of studying, come what may.
Do you think that the acceptance and pursuit of Indian classical music by the new generation has increased over the years? In the musical ecosystem, which is largely reliant on familial lineages, how much scope do first-generation musicians have?
I am a first generation musician, with no professional musicians in the family before me. Similarly, my husband tabla player Aneesh Pradhan is also a first generation professional musician. My gurubhai and colleague, acclaimed harmonium artiste Sudhir Nayak, too, is also a first generation professional musician. There! I have given you three examples of people with no musical lineage to rely on.
Having said that, I must clarify that a life in the arts is an uncertain and unpredictable one with no guarantee of success. Despite that, people fall in love with the arts and choose to dedicate their lives to their fields of specialisation, despite the inevitable struggle and challenges. The struggle is bearable when family and friends provide support and encouragement. But it is greatly intensified when there is no emotional support at home. This is why I often feel that a commitment to music and the arts is best described in the words of the great poet Jigar Moradabadi: "Ik aag ka dariya hai aur doob ke jana hai."
You are known for your distinct vocal texture and style. How important is it to find one's own voice?
Finding one's voice in the context of music is not associated only with its physical attributes. It is also about finding and being comfortable with who you are, your aesthetics, your strengths as a musician and more importantly, your limitations.
Only my critics can tell you whether or not I have found my own voice. I know that the journey is ongoing, and has been delightful so far despite many challenges.
You are one of the very few Indian classical musicians who has tasted immense success in the Indi-pop genre as well. How did 'Ab Ke Sawan' happen?
I was first invited by composer-producer Jawahar Wattal to record a non-classical Indi-pop album titled Ali More Angana in 1996. Later in 1999, Shantanu Moitra invited me to work with him on another album which was finally titled Ab Ke Sawan. That's how my involvement with Indi-pop materialised. I continue to have an interest in popular music and am fortunate to have many young musicians and composers invite me for collaborations.
Why do you think films like Morning Raga, Raincoat, Saaz — with pure raga-based songs — have become so rare? Do you think that Bollywood has offered fewer chances to pure classical music in films, over the years?
I think film music in India has always been a hybrid form which has embraced a variety of musical forms and genres, including classical music. In the past, composers, arrangers and even sessions musicians in the music industry were highly skilled in classical music. Today, they are better versed with electronic music, pop, rock and other genres, and the demand for raga-based music is also rarely seen in the scripts for films. When a script demands raga-based music, it still surfaces. Otherwise, it's the usual fare that is churned out.
Tell us something about your concert Baramasa. How did you blend together the changing seasons into the composition?
The baramasa form exists in Indian literature, music and painting. Musically, there are special songs in the thumri style called baramasas that describe


\frac{3}{4} |z_i|^2 Im \frac{\sqrt{\pm D}}{b+2z_i^3} = \frac{3}{4} |z_i|^2 Im \frac{\sqrt{\pm D}}{2az_i -b} $$
Now we can sum over the roots and get $$ A = \frac{1}{4} Im \left(\sqrt{\pm D} \sum \frac{|z_i|^2}{2az_i -b} \right) $$ and we are letf with expressing the sum in the brackets as a function on $a$ and $b$.
My algebra gives $$ \sum \frac{|z_i|^2}{2az_i -b} = \frac{\pm \sum \frac{b}{|z_i|^2}}{b^3 + 4a^3b} $$ but I do not see any easy way to deal with the expression $\sum \frac{1}{z_i \bar z_i}$. Of course one can solve the cubic equation and work it out, but there should be an easier way.
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It seems to me that the question is fully Russian: Dima, Igor, Wadim and Kassabov. – Wadim Zudilin Nov 23 '11 at 11:47
Sorry, but I am not russian :) – kassabov Nov 23 '11 at 12:05
What is the prizinal polynomial? – Igor Rivin Nov 23 '11 at 14:00
igor: I've meant original – kassabov Nov 23 '11 at 14:16
_USER_: I was conjecturing that, but my ignorance is deep, so there might have been some associated polynomial I was not aware of :) – Igor Rivin Nov 23 '11 at 16:24
For $t$ real, the area determined by the roots of $x^3-x^2+tx-t=(x-1)(x^2+t)$ is either $\sqrt{t}$ or $0$ according as $t \gt 0$ or $t \lt 0.$ At first that made me think that there is no hope. But now I think that maybe the polar coordinates of the coefficients are better to look at. One can go back and forth after a fashion using $\arctan.$ Another thought is that given $x^3+ax^2+bx+c$ one should work with $a^6$,$b^3$ and $c^2$ to account for the effect of scaling.
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text:
1998 - Cholera in the Great Lakes Region
22 October 1998
Disease Outbreak Reported
Since May 1998, Rwanda has been been suffering from a cholera outbreak with a total of 2900 cases and 55 deaths, most of which were reported in September. All these cases have been in Cyangugu prefecture, but there is great concern about further spread to other areas of the country.
WHO is providing cholera kits to Kigali, Rwanda and with other international organizations is working closely with the Ministry of Health on prevention and control measures.
Cholera has also badly affected the eastern areas of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Although exact figures are not available, the situation in the Shabunda area of Sud-Kivu remains grave. The current deteriorating security situation in the area has affected control activities and the transport of supplies to treatment centres.
The Great Lakes Region was ravaged by a dramatic cholera epidemic in _PHONE_ during the massive displacement of refugees provoked by the civil war in Rwanda.


April brought her ducklings to visit the nursery, they made lots of noise.
 There were 2 brown ducklings and 2 yellow ones, some of the children wanted to hold them so we had a towel on our laps incase they decided to poo. Their feathers were really soft, they had webbed feet and small wings.
We had to be very calm around them so that we didn't frighten them.
The babies were very interested in the small fluffy ducks that made lots of noise.
Some of the little ones have soft ducks that they sleep with so it was interesting for them to see a real one.
The ducks will grow up and lay lots of eggs which could be new baby ducklings or eggs to eat.
To see ducklings hatching click here


Getting leptin levels "just right" may provide cardiovascular protection
AUGUSTA, Ga. – Like that famous bowl of porridge, when leptin levels are "just right" they help protect our cardiovascular health, scientists say.
This satiety hormone, made primarily by fat cells, is best known for telling our brains we are full. In obesity, leptin levels are high but the brain becomes resistant to its message and the cardiovascular system instead comes under attack.
Too little fat and leptin can create a similar cardiovascular risk.
"We need to restore the leptin balance and then we will see its cardiovascular protection," says Dr. Thiago Bruder do Nascimento, postdoctoral fellow in the Vascular Biology Center at the Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University.
"We think we already have good information that at the right level, leptin protects the cardiovascular system," says Dr. Eric Belin de Chantemele, MCG physiologist and Bruder do Nascimento's mentor.
If their studies continue to confirm this, it could point the way toward opening up leptin therapy to a wider range of patients.
Bruder do Nascimento recently received a $965,370 National Institutes of HealthK99 grant for postdocs that's enabling those studies.
They are using a model of extreme leptin deficiency resulting from an extreme fat shortage you can be born with or acquire, called lipodystrophy. While congenital lipodystrophy is rare, infectious conditions like measles or pneumonia, autoimmune diseases, injury, even repeated use of the same injection site for something like daily insulin, can result in acquired lipodystrophy. So can the older but effective antiretroviral therapies for human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV.
Despite the fact that leptin therapy has been prescribed for patients with lipodystrophy since 2014 and the amount given is low, the impact on their cardiovascular system remains unknown, Belin de Chantemele notes.
To create the acquired model, Bruder do Nascimento used a single drug, Ritonavir, long used as an HIV therapy booster, particularly for patients who might not take their medicines as prescribed. He's finding that after taking Ritonavir for just four weeks, mice develop lipodystrophy and severe vascular dysfunction.
Just one week of leptin therapy reduced the vascular inflammation and significantly improved function, Bruder do Nascimento says. Now they want to know whether it's a lasting benefit.
They also are learning more about how low leptin hurts the cardiovascular system by looking further at its effect on the single layer of endothelial cells that line our blood vessels.
The cacophony of problems endothelial cells develop just may start with oxidative stress, a byproduct of oxygen use that is damaging at high levels; resulting inflammation; and an impaired ability to help blood vessels relax.
They have evidence that reduced availability of leptin to endothelial cells means the cells help produce less nitric oxide that enables blood vessel relaxation. They've shown lipodystrophy also increases oxidative stress, including increased expression of the Nox1 enzyme, which produces the unhealthy byproduct, and reduced PPARy, a receptor involved in good things like reducing bad cholesterol and lipid levels whose loss is associated with higher blood pressure and vascular disease.
The higher oxidative stress produces inflammation, which attracts more immune cells and more inflammation.
Both the endothelial cells and the smooth muscle cells that form the outer wall of blood vessels have chemokine receptors, which are stimulated by the oxidative stress and which help attract those immune cells.
"If you have an inflamed blood vessel, you have activation of this receptor and this receptor sends the message that we have to have more immune cells here," Bruder do Nascimento says. The immune cells, in turn, secret substances called cytokines, which induce endothelial dysfunction and damage.
They have watched leptin therapy normalize the unhealthy scenario. When they removed what they consider a primary instigator by scavenging for reactive oxygen species with drugs like a Nox1 inhibitor, it also restored endothelial cell function and reduced inflammation.
The MCG scientists have evidence that in blood vessels, leptin somehow decreases chemokine receptors and the ligands that activate them and helps stop the flood of immune cells to the scene. It has the added benefit of decreasing glucose and lipid levels, both of which are cardiovascular risks when high. But in this scenario, decreasing glucose, for example, does not appear to directly result in cardiovascular protection, Bruder do Nascimento notes.
"The effect of leptin directly on the vessel seems to be preventative," he says.
Now they are learning more about how and really ifleptin controls immune cells moving into blood vessels. Interestingly leptin deficient mice are actually more susceptible to infection despite the onslaught of immune cells, Belin de Chantemele says. "It's turning up inflammation, macrophages and your T cells but in a bad way," he adds of leptin's duplicitous role.
A possible problem with leptin therapy could be that the mice, previously unaccustomed to higher leptin levels, actually end up losing weight because of increased signaling to their brain that they are full. Ironically, while obese individuals become insensitive to leptin's satiety signal those with less fat, and less leptin, are more sensitive to it, Belin de Chantemele notes.
An American Heart Association postdoctoral fellowship awarded to Bruder do Nascimento in 2017 enabled studies in an animal model of lipodystrophy that helped him dissect the reality that while leptin therapy was considered good for other major health problems associated with lipodystrophy, including liver failure, it remained unclear what the therapy did to patients' increased cardiovascular risk.
The Food and Drug Administration approved a leptin analogue for lipodystrophy in 2014, following evidence that it improved blood sugar levels and lipids and shrank enlarged livers.
The new grant also will help Bruder do Nascimento transition from a postdoc position to a faculty position.
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Category:Lonar crater lake
Lonar Lake, which was created by a meteor hitting the Earth, is a saltwater lake in Buldhana district, Maharashtra, India. The crater thereby formed is the only en:hypervelocity meteoritic impact crater on basalt rock. A lake that evolved in the resulting basaltic rock formation, is both saline and alkaline in nature. Geologists, ecologists, archaeologists, naturalists and astronomers have reported several studies on the various aspects of this crater lake ecosystem. The crater's age is estimated to be 52,000 ± 6,000 years (Pleistocene). It is the second largest impact crater in basaltic rock and is partially filled by a salt water lake. 19°58′36″N 76°30′30″E / 19.97667°N 76.50833°E / 19.97667; 76.50833
This category has only the following subcategory.
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text:
Russian Musical Union (RMU)
It was created to provide comprehensive support to professional musicians – members of the Union, including music veterans and aspiring authors and performers. The RMU promotes the development and implementation of cultural, charitable, and educational projects, the organization and holding of concerts, festivals, tours, creative competitions, thematic seminars. The Union pays great attention to the dissemination and popularization of the music of Russian authors and performers – both classical and modern, cooperates with major music publishers. The RMU interacts with state authorities, societies for the collective management of copyright and related rights, specialized foundations, and international organizations working in the field of culture and art, and takes initiatives to solve the pressing problems of musicians.
Today, the RMU unites more than 3,000 members, including both individuals and organizations. The Union represents our country in the international arena as the National Music Council of Russia. It was in this status that the RMU was admitted to the International Music Council (IMC) in 2017, an authoritative non – governmental organization established by UNESCO in 1949 and uniting more than 1,000 musical and public organizations from 150 countries. The RMU is also a member of the European Music Council (EMC).
Goals and directions of the Union:
- Assistance in the development and implementation of cultural, charitable, and educational projects
- Organization and holding of concerts, festivals, tours, creative competitions, art exhibitions, thematic seminars
- Conducting publishing activities in order to popularize the achievements of Russian musical art
- Conducting active public activities aimed at forming the public opinion that takes into account the interests of professional musicians
- Assistance in the development and practical implementation of projects in the field of the legal protection of the activities of professional artists
- Interaction with international organizations working in the field of culture and art
- Assistance to young performers in realizing their creative potential and professional development
- Providing comprehensive assistance to professional figures of the musical artists who are retired
- Assistance in the implementation of the program for the restoration of an object of the cultural heritage of federal significance


text:
She grew up during the Great Depression in the segregated American South, where the deck was stacked heavily against a bright black girl athlete. Title IX was so far in the future that Neil Armstrong's stroll on the moon was practically ancient history by the time legislation was passed to require women's sports funding was on parity with men's. (It's still got a ways to go.)
Heather Lang's picture book biography of Coachman, with luminous illustrations by Floyd Cooper, is accessible enough to appeal to new readers, and detailed enough to jump-start students looking for an excellent candidate for a National History Day project. As the first African-American woman to become an Olympic gold medalist, Coachman shook the hand of a king (George VI) and was celebrated with a parade 175 miles long.


text:
The Karyenda was the main traditional symbol of Burundi and its mwami (kings). It had semidivine status. The mwami was said to interpret the messages of the beatings of the Karyenda and interpret them into rules for the kingdom. When Burundi gained independence from Belgium in 1962, the Karyenda was the symbol for the national flag (now replaced once the republic was established). Traditionally the most important folk songs and dances were performed to extol the virtues of the kingship. Unfortunately, since the fall of the monarchy in 1966 (and particularly after a massacre of Hutus in 1972), such cultural expressions have waned. An big festival was the annual sorghum festival (umuganuro), which was a huge display of pomp, festivities, and dances for the royal court. The second most important drum was the rukinzo. It accompanied the mwami wherever he went.
As sacred objects, the drums were much more than simple musical instruments. They were used for rituals such as the umuganuro, or for special circumstances. Major events for the king were announced through the drums, such a royal coronation, funeral, and weddings. The beating of the drums also signalised certain rites, such as when the mwami rose in the morning or was going to sleep, or marking a special occassion at the court.
The drums were normally kept in drum sanctuaries. These were a tight network of mythical high places. They were a centre of political and religious power in precolonial Burundi. The sanctuaries were guarded mainly by Hutu families, and they alone, with the king's consent, were allowed to manufacture, play, and keep the drums and bring them to the court for an occasion. They were called Abatimbo, meaning in Kirundi drummers "who hit hard". A sacred drum was enthroned in each sanctuary, guarded by attendants, some ingendanyi drums (minor drums), and a set of drums that played for the main drums.
Some of the main sanctuaries for the drums were in:
- Gishora (hill), not far from Gitega,
- the Higiro hill, also not far from Gitega,
- Magamba hill and in
Drums had various names, such as "dispenser of peace" or "lady of the land".
The Drums, despite all upheavals, have remained instruments that are both revered and still popular. The old families who were wardens for the drums have tried to keep their ancient tradition alive. Some have managed to have an international outreach, such as in the recording by L. Ndoricimpa and C. Guillet, Les tambours du Burundi (The drums of Burundi), issued in 1983. For more information please look under Master Drummers of Burundi


Exercise 1: Quiz – The How and Why of Documenting Collections
 - Circle the right answer or write the answer in the space provided.
 - There is only one right answer.
 1. A well-documented collection encourages sound management and promotion of the objects.
 - False
 - True
 2. The only way to conserve the collections in the long run is to preserve their physical integrity.
 - False
 - True
 3. A collection's descriptive system or documentation system, is a logical, ordered and meticulous organization of the information on each of the elements making up the collections.
 - False
 - True
 4. An inventory is a systematic and meticulous survey of the descriptive and contextual information on each element of a collection.
 - False
 - True
 5. We can distinguish three main processes when documenting the collections:
 - a) counts, physical inventory, cataloguing
 - b) counts, cataloguing, digitization
 - c) cataloguing, physical inventory, digitization
 - d) cataloguing, counts, digitization
 6. The collections' physical inventory enables you:
 - a) to answer only basic questions about the nature and number of objects found in the collections;
 - b) to determine the nature and size of the collections in order to plan storage space more precisely;
 - c) to systematically organize detailed descriptive information on objects and to gain a scientific understanding of the collection.
 7. List the advantages and disadvantages of each documenting process.
 - Counts:
 - Physical inventory:
 - Cataloguing:
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text:
Setting departure / arrival points
- use search suggestions (streets, points of interest, public transit stops) - you can include the street number;
- use current location - also available as a search suggestion;
- right-click the map to set departe / arrival points;
- reverse departure / arrival points using the "reverse" button.
Journey time / date
You can set the hour (and the date) when you want to start the journey, or the desired arrival time (e.g. you can search for routes that arrive at the cinema before 18, so that you know when to leave home).
- set maximum walk distance (km);
- choose fast / direct journey (the fast journey takes you to your destination in the shortest time, while the direct journey is the most comfortable - least number of transfers);
- choose preferred transit operator (e.g. surface and / or underground transport).


text:
The Mississippi Chronic Illness Coalition was formed in 1996 to improve the long-term health of all Mississippians and help reduce the impact of chronic health conditions affecting the state.
The MCIC has a statewide membership of over 200 individuals representing 120 organizations. The focus of the coalition's activities is expanding from diabetes to cardiovascular disease and other major health concerns. MCIC is raising awareness of these issues with the Know Your Numbers campaign.
Chronic Illnesses in Mississippi
Mississippi suffers disproportionately from chronic illnesses, and has some of the highest rates of chronic diseases in the nation. Among others, we are addressing:
- Cardiovascular Disease
- Kidney Disease
Risk Factors for Chronic Disease
- Smoking: Smoking is the single most important modifiable risk factor for heart disease and stroke.
- High Blood Pressure (Hypertension): High blood pressure also puts Mississippians at risk for cardiovascular diseases.
- High Blood Cholesterol: High cholesterol, especially when combined with hypertension, greatly increases the chances for a heart attack or stroke.
- Lack of Regular Physical Activity: Mississippi adults and youth fall well below recommended levels of daily physical activity, and Mississippi children are more sedentary and engage in more screen time than the national average.
- Overweight/Obesity: Mississippi ranked number one — the highest in the nation — in obesity in 2012.
- Preventive Health: Mississippi suffers from strong disparities in health care and preventive health services which could reduce the impact of chronic illnesses, improve lives, and reduce lifetime health-related costs.
MCIC Chronicles is the MCIC's newsletter, published periodically each year.


text:
World War II
New Forest Remembers - Untold Stories of World War II
Few people realise the important role that the New Forest played in World War II. Its strategic location on the south coast meant that the New Forest was crucial in a range of operations and was home to a wide range of World War II installations. Whilst some of these are still visible today, many have been hidden by soil and vegetation or lost during land management activities.
It is estimated that the current archaeological records provide details of only a small proportion of the actual sites and artefacts that are present in the Forest. Similarly, at present there is a wealth of untapped information about the World War II activities in the memories of those who were living in the New Forest at the time, whether they be evacuees, local residents, or military personnel either from this country or from abroad. These people are now reaching their 80s and 90s and so it is critical to capture these memories during the next few years, to ensure that they can inform the understanding of future generations.
Current interpretation and general communication about World War II in the New Forest is also limited to a number of well-known sites, which further increases the bias in knowledge about our recent past. So despite a resurging interest in local history and information about World War II, the important role that the New Forest played during the period remains generally unknown by both visitors and residents alike.
The New Forest Remembers Project intends to address the lack of survey work, knowledge and understanding about the New Forest's role in World War II and aims to bring the war years alive for a wide range of people including residents, visitors, school children and community groups, offering a wide range of volunteering opportunities for those who might wish to be further involved.


This documentation is archived and is not being maintained.
ParallelEnumerable.Any Method (ParallelQuery)
Determines whether a parallel sequence contains any elements.
Namespace: System.Linq
Assembly: System.Core (in System.Core.dll)
public static bool Any(
 this ParallelQuery source
Type Parameters
The type of elements of source.
Type: System.Linq.ParallelQuery
The sequence to check for emptiness.
Return Value
Type: System.Boolean
true if the source sequence contains any elements; otherwise, false.
Usage Note
The query was canceled with the token passed in through WithCancellation.
source is a null reference (Nothing in Visual Basic).
One or more exceptions occurred during the evaluation of the query.
This overload of the Any method causes a fully-buffered merge to be performed before the result is returned. The merge behavior can impact performance or cause an out of memory exception in large enumerables. To avoid the merge behavior, use the overload of Any that takes a Func parameter, or else use an alternative method such as FirstOrDefault.
.NET Framework
Supported in: 4
.NET Framework Client Profile
Supported in: 4


text:
Classification, Disease and Evidence: New Essays in the Philosophy of Medicine
Edited by Philippe Huneman, Gérard Lambert, Marc Silberstein
Edition: 1st 2015
This anthology of essays presents a sample of studies from recent philosophy of medicine addressing issues which attempt to answer very general (interdependent) questions: (a) what is a disease and what is health? (b) How do we (causally) explain diseases? (c) And how do we distinguish diseases, i.e. define classes of diseases and recognize that an instance X of disease belongs to a given class B? (d) How do we assess and choose cure/ therapy?
The book is divided into three sections: classification, disease, and evidence. In general, attention is focused on statistics in medicine and epidemiology, issues in psychiatry, and connecting medicine with evolutionary biology and genetics. Many authors position the theories that they address within their historical contexts.
The nature of health and disease will be addressed in several essays that also touch upon very general questions about the definition of medicine and its status. Several chapters scrutinize classification because of its centrality within philosophical problems raised by medicine and its core position in the philosophical questioning of psychiatry. Specificities of medical explanation have recently come under a new light, particularly because of the rise of statistical methods, and several chapters investigate these methods in specific contexts such as epidemiology or meta-analysis of random testing. Taken together this collection addresses the question of how we gather, use and assess evidence for various medical theories.


text:
Native to Central America, Jicama is also known as the Mexican Turnip or Yam Bean. The edible part is a large tuber that develops just below the surface of the ground (Figure 3). The rest of the plant is mildly toxic.
Martin Price and Tim Motis
Porridges are made by boiling traditional starchy foods such as cornmeal, rice, oatmeal, potato, or ground sorghum in water. However, it can be difficult for infants to swallow. Enzymes in malted barley flour (germinated barley seeds that have been carefully dried and ground into a powder) can convert these boiled staple foods into a semi-liquid form that is easier to swallow for infants, for adults suffering from starvation, or for AIDS patients with throat infections. More important than liquefaction, the malting process in effect pre-digests much of the porridge, making sugars, amino acids, calories and mineral nutrients immediately available.
Jennifer Gerson, working in Liberia, wrote to us about seed storage.


text:
Radial engines are used in aircrafts having propeller connected to the shaft delivering power in order to produce thrust its basic mechanism is as follows
Steam engine Principle
Steam engine once used in locomotives was based on the reciprocating principle as shown below
Maltese Cross Mechanism
this type of mechanism is used in clocks to power the second hand movement.
Manual Transmission Mechanism
The mechanism also called as "stick shift" is used in cars to change gears mannually
Constant Velocity Joint
This mechanism is used in the front wheel drive cars
Torpedo-Boat destroyer System
This system is used to destroy fleet in naval military operations.
Also called as Wankel engine is a type of internal combustion engine has a unique design that converts pressure into rotating motion instead of reciprocating pistons


text:
The scribble/eval library provides utilities for evaluating code at document-build time and incorporating the results in the document, especially to show example uses of defined procedures and syntax.
Here is an example where the OP was:
trying to figure out a way to insert some text in between Scheme definitions: that is, have some definitions (_USER_ or equivalent), with their explanations (text mode), and then an interaction, like _USER_, except that it should be aware of the preceeding definitions.
Here is the solution:
_TAG_ scribble/manual @(require scribble/eval) @(define ex-eval (make-base-eval)) First, we define _USER_[x]: _USER_[ #:eval ex-eval (define x 1) ] Next, we use it: _USER_[ #:eval ex-eval x ] @(close-eval ex-eval)


text:
||The NPS completed an environmental assessment (EA) that provides an analysis of the environmental consequences of the alternatives considered for the rehabilitation of Arlington House, Outbuildings, and Grounds. The NPS has selected Alternative B for implementation and Finding of No Significant Impact has been signed.
At Arlington House, the Robert E. Lee Memorial, the National Park Service (NPS) will rehabilitate Arlington House (Mansion), Outbuildings (North and South Slave Quarters), and the historic Grounds (Kitchen Garden and Work Yard) in a manner that protects and maintains the cultural resources and values for which the Robert E. Lee Memorial was established. Furthermore, this will benefit the visiting public by providing a safe environment where NPS can interpret the history and significance of the site through a more accurate representation of circa 1861 historic conditions.
This action is needed because: previous reconstructions of the North and South Slave Quarters are now known to be inaccurate; there is no fire suppression system to safeguard historic buildings and the museum collections housed within those structures; the current mechanical system is not capable of maintaining a suitable climate to preserve the historic buildings and collections; the 1921 Comfort Station is a non-contributing structure in the historic Kitchen Garden; the 1861 Work Yard and Kitchen Garden were previously interpreted and recreated inappropriately; and the foundations of Arlington House have deteriorated due to drainage and humidity problems.


Guidelines for Consumer Testing - guidance from ESN members
In this series ESN members give their solutions to the most frequently asked questions from product developers and marketers.
Does the taste match the concept?
In an innovation process it is important to develop a product marketing concept that creates high initial purchases. However, Olaf Biedekarken of the German sensory and consumer research company isi warns, "to assure that the product purchase is repeated, the marketing concept should also be based on an optimised sensory product recipe that at the minimum meets and ideally exceeds the expectations of the target group."
The secret of successful products is based on a high correspondence between the marketing concept, which from the consumer point of view causes defined expectations, and the product itself, which needs to fulfil these expectations. Taking this interaction into account, a high repurchase rate and therefore a successful product launch will be achieved.
Biedekarken goes on to observe that, "In practice, marketing departments and R&D departments sometimes work in isolation from each other." He calls this approach „misleading, since even the best concept and the best design can result in a product 'flop' if both elements do not fit well together." If the sensory experience caused by the intrinsic product attributes and the expectations raised by the extrinsic product attributes are not successfully co-ordinated, product success is not very probable.
Biedekarken suggests that, „Instead of individually optimising the sensory product and the marketing concept, both tasks should be done in an integrated way". According to his experience this is the only way to optimally combine the product's sensory and informational-promotional aspects.
 - Which intrinsic attributes (e.g. appearance, flavour) and which extrinsic attributes (e.g. packaging, brand) are responsible for consumers' preferences or rejections of product innovations?
 - What is the impact of product expectation on the consumers' experience of a new product?
 - How can the perception and evaluation of product attributes be affected by appropriate marketing activities?"
Olaf Biedekarken states that, „In order to support the management decisions, we propose a 3-step test approach that will deliver sound information not only about the acceptance of design and concept alternatives individually, but also about the interactions of both aspects". (It is recommended but not absolutely necessary that all three steps be conducted with the same subjects):
Step 1: a product blind test
that evaluates
a) the acceptance of the intrinsic attributes
b) the impact of intrinsic attributes
Step 2: a concept test
that evaluates
a) the expectation and acceptance of extrinsic attributes
b) the impact of extrinsic attributes and evaluation of initial purchase
A concept test uses a computer-generated design to determine the different characteristics of the concept (packaging, claim, brand). These are combined into holistic product concepts. Potential buyers are confronted with these concepts in realistic purchase decision situations. Their purchase behaviour, i.e. the selection of one or the rejection of all alternatives indirectly reveals the preference structure with regard to single concept features.
Step 3: In a combined test the recipe and all the concept attributes are pulled together to achieve a viable product
A combined test measures
a) the acceptance of the entire product
b) the impact of intrinsic and extrinsic attributes
Finally, a comparison of the results from all three tests will show the impact of the expectation on the experience.
By a direct comparison of the acceptance scores of the 3 test steps, valuable conclusions concerning the product-concept fit can be drawn. Olaf Biedekarken gives three examples of possible findings:
Example 1:
Good results in all three tests (blind test, concept test, and combined test) indicate a very good product-concept fit, and a high level of initial purchase and repurchase. The concept is credible and the expectation is confirmed. In the combined test the consumers' assessment comes up to the expectations raised by the packaging.
Example 2:
Bad results in the blind test compared to good results in the concept test, and intermediate results in the combined test indicate a bad product-concept fit: in this case the concept is not credible and the expectation is not confirmed (sensory-induced disappointment). The sensory design is bad and cannot come up to the expectations evoked by a good concept.
Example 3:
Good results in the blind test compared to rather bad results in the concept test, and low intermediate results in the combined test: once again, this indicates a bad product-concept fit. However, this time the product is good, but the expectation, based on the poor marketing concept, is low (marketing-induced disappointment). With the good sensory design, one only needs to improve the packaging concept in order to achieve optimal results. Even if the revised concept raises much higher expectations, the consumers will not be disappointed.
Mr. Biedekarken concludes, „Through the simultaneous development of product quality and marketing concepts, it is possible to identify innovations with product/marketing concept and product core that are optimally coordinated. The main potential of integrating marketing concept and product tests can be seen in the early stages of the innovation process during which many possible alternatives for both the marketing concept and the sensory product recipe exist. This approach allows one to find the ideal combination without excluding the possibility of being able to follow up on promising directions."
For more information please contact:
Olaf Biedekarken
Institut für Sensorikforschung und Innovationsberatung GmbH
Neuhauser Str. 45
80331 München
Telefon: +49 89 41 42 43 89-0
Telefax: +49 89 41 42 43 89-9
Scharf, A.: Positionierung neuer bzw. modifizierter Nahrungsund Genussmittel durch integrierte Marktund Sensorikforschung; in: Marketing - ZFP 1/1995, S. 5-17.
Knoblich, H./Scharf, A./Schubert, B.: Geschmacksforschung – Marketing und Sensorik für Nahrungsund Genussmittel, Oldenbourg, München 1996, S. 211-243.
Scharf, A./Volkmer, H.-P.: Geschmackswahrnehmungen und Geschmackspräferenzen bei Nahrungsund Genussmitteln unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Produkterwartungen; in: Marketing ZFP 2/1997, S. 93-106.
Scharf, A.: Sensorische Produktforschung im Innovationsprozeß, Habilitationsschrift, Stuttgart 2000.
Scharf, A./Volkmer, H.-P.: The impact of olfactory product expectations on the olfactory product experience; in: Food Quality and Preference, Vol. 11, No. 6/2000, S.497-503.
Volkmer, H.-P.: Integrierte Konzeptund Produktüberprüfung bei Nahrungsund Genussmitteln, Göttingen 2005.
Volkmer, H.-P/ Scharf, A./Piper, D.: Integrierte Konzept und Produktentwicklung bei Nahrungsund Genussmitteln; Göttingen: ForschungsForum, Schriftenreihe Marketing, Heft 6.


text:
Individual differences |
Methods | Statistics | Clinical | Educational | Industrial | Professional items | World psychology |
Separation reactions are the thoughts, feelings and behaviors that follow when significant interpersonal relationships and intimate relationships are broken. Humans are social beings and their attachment with others entails the establishment of psychological bonds. When these are broken substantial adjustment may be required.
Seperation can produce a wide range of feelings:
- Emotional trauma
- Separation anxiety


OPERS retirement benefits are funded through member and employer contributions and the investment earnings on those contributions. You participate in OPERS by contributing a percentage of your salary each pay period into the retirement system. Your employer also pays a contribution to help fund your benefit.
State Agencies
Contributions for state agencies and their employees are given below.
Employee Employer Total
3.5% 16.5% 20%
Local Government Employers
Members who are employed by local government employers must contribute between 3.5% and 8.5% of their annual compensation. The local governments pay between 11.5% and 16.5% of the employee's compensation. The total local government employer and employee contribution must equal 20%. Each government entity designates as policy how much the employee and employer pays within the given ranges.
Employee Employer
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3.5% 8.5% 11.5% 16.5%
NOTE: If employer contributions are paid more than 30 days after the monthly due dates, they are subject to a late charge of 3% of the unpaid balance.
2.5% Step-Up Program
The 2.5% Step-Up Program allows members to increase their retirement benefits by paying an additional member contribution each pay period. Click here for more information about the Step-Up program.


2-strings and 3-strings:
LEDs IN PARALLEL LEDs CANNOT be placed in parallel - until you read this: LEDs "generate" or "possess" or "create" a voltage across them called the CHARACTERISTIC VOLTAGEDROP (when they are correctly placed in a circuit). This voltage is generated by the type of crystal and is different for each colour as well as the "quality" of the LED (such as high-bright, ultra high-bright etc). This characteristic cannot be altered BUT it does change a very small amount from one LED to another in the same batch. And it does increase slightly as the current increases. For instance, it will be different by as much as 0.2v for red LEDs and 0.4v for white LEDs from the same batch and will increase by as much as 0.5v when the current is increased from a minimum to maximum. You can test 100 white LEDs _USER_ and measure the CHARACTERISTIC VOLTAGE-DROP to see this range. If you get 2 LEDs with identical CHARACTERISTIC VOLTAGE-DROP, and place them in parallel, they will each take the same current. This means 30mA through the current-limiting resistor will be divided into 15mA for each LED. However if one LED has a higher CHARACTERISTIC VOLTAGE-DROP, it will take less current and the other LED will take considerably more. Thus you have no way to determine the "current-sharing" in a string of parallel LEDs. If you put 3 or more LEDs in parallel, one LED will start to take more current and will over-heat and you will get very-rapid LED failure. As one LED fails, the others will take more current and the rest of the LEDs will start to self-destruct. Thus LEDs in PARALLEL should be avoided. Diagram A below shows two green LEDs in parallel. This will work provided the Characteristic Voltage Drop across each LED is the same. In diagram B the Characteristic Voltage Drop is slightly different for the second LED and the first green LED will glow brighter. In diagram C the three LEDs have different Characteristic Voltage Drops and the red LED will glow very bright while the other two LEDs will not illuminate. All the current will pass through the red LED and it will be damaged. The reason why the red LED will glow very bright is this: It has the lowest Characteristic Voltage Drop and it will create a 1.7v for the three LEDs. The green and orange LEDs will not illuminate at this voltage and thus all the current from the dropper resistor will flow in the red LED and it will be destroyed.
1. Add up the voltages of all the LEDs in a stringe.g: 2.1v + 2.3v + 2.3v + 1.7v = 8.4v
THE RESISTOR The value of the current limiting resistor can be worked out by Ohms Law. Here are the 3 steps: 2. Subtract the LED voltages from the supply voltage. e.g: 12v - 8.4v = 3.6v 3. Divide the 3.6v (or your voltage) by the current through the string. for 25mA: 3.6/.025 =144 ohms for 20mA: 3.6/.02 = 180 ohms for 15mA: 3.6/.015 = 250 ohms for 10mA: 3.6/.01 = 360 ohms This is the value of the current-limiting resistor.
Here is a set of strings for a supply voltage of 3v to 12v and a single LED:
Here is a set of strings for a supply voltage of 5v to 12v and a white LED:
Here is a set of strings for a supply voltage of 5v to 12v and two LEDs: Here is a set of strings for a supply voltage of 5v to 12v and two LEDs:
LED series/parallel array wizard
The LED series/parallel array wizard below, is a calculator that will help you design large arrays of single-colour LEDs. This calculator has been designed by Rob Arnold and you will be taken to his site: _URL_ when you click: Design my array The wizard determines the current limiting resistor value for each string of the array and the power consumed. All you need to know are the specs of your LED and how many you'd like to use. The calculator only allows one LED colour to be used. For mixed colours, you will have to use the 3 steps explained above.
Source voltage diode forward voltage diode forward current (mA) number of LEDs in your array
View output as: ASCII schematic wiring diagram help with resistor colour codes
Design my array
Resistor Calculator
Use this JavaScript resistor calculator to work out the value of the current-limiting resistor:
LED forward voltage drop=3.6 LED current in milliamps=25
Power dissipated by LED(watts)=
Current-limiting resistance in Ohms= Closest 5% Resistor= Resistor wattage= Actual current= Power dissipated by resistor (watts)=
LED VOLTAGE AND CURRENT LED characteristics are very broad and you have absolutely no idea of any value until you test the LED. However here are some of the generally accepted characteristics:
SOLDERING LEDs LEDs are the most heat-sensitive device of all the components. When soldering surface-mount LEDs, you should hold the LED with tweezers and "tack" one end. Then wait for the LED to cool down and solder the other end very quickly. Then wait a few seconds and completely solder the first end. Check the glow of each LED with 3 cells in series and a 220R resistor. If you have overheated the LED, its output will be dim, or a slightly different colour, or it may not work at all. They are extremely sensitive to heat - mainly because the crystal is so close to the soldering iron.
HIGH-BRIGHT LEDs LEDs have become more efficient over the past 25 years. Originally a red LED emitted 17mcd _USER_. These LEDs now emit 1,000mcd to 20,000mcd _USER_. This means you can lower the current and still produce illumination. Some LEDs operate on a current as low as 1mA
LEDs as LIGHT DETECTORS LEDs can also be used to detect light. Green LEDs are the best, however all LEDs will detect light and produce a voltage equal to the CHARACTERISTIC VOLTAGE-DROP, providing they receive sufficient light. The current they produce is miniscule however high-bright and super-bright LEDs produce a higher output due to the fact that their crystal is more efficient at converting light into electricity. The Solar Tracker project uses this characteristic to track the sun's movement across the sky.
There are hundreds of circuits that use a LED or drive a LED or flash a LED and nearly all the circuits in this eBook are different. Some flash a LED on a 1.5v supply, some use very little current, some flash the LED very brightly and others use a flashing LED to create the flash-rate. You will learn something from every circuit. Some are interesting and some are amazing. Some consist of components called a "building Block" and they can be added to other circuits to create a larger, more complex, circuit. This is what this eBook is all about. It teaches you how to build and design circuits that are fun to see working, yet practical.
You will learn a loteven from these simple circuits.
Colin Mitchell TALKING ELECTRONICS. _EMAIL_
SI NOTATION All the schematics in this eBook have components that are labelled using the System International
(SI) notation system. The SI system is an easy way to show values without the need for a decimal point. Sometimes the decimal point is difficult to see and the SI system overcomes this problem and offers a clear advantage. Resistor values are in ohms (R), and the multipliers are: k for kilo, M for Mega. Capacitance is measured in farads (F) and the sub-multiples are u for micro, n for nano, and p for pico. Inductors are measured in Henrys (H) and the sub-multiples are mH for milliHenry and uH for microHenry. A 10 ohm resistor would be written as 10R and a 0.001u capacitor as 1n. The markings on components are written slightly differently to the way they are shown on a circuit diagram (such as 100p on a circuit and 101 on the capacitor or 10 on a capacitor and 10p on a diagram) and you will have to look on the internet under Basic Electronics to learn about these differences.
We have not provided lengthy explanations of how any of the circuits work. This has already been covered in TALKING ELECTRONICS Basic Electronics Course, and can be obtained on a CD for $10.0 (posted to anywhere in the world)
For photos of nearly every electronic component, see this website: _URL_
How good is your power of observation? Can you find the LED:
The safest way to power a project is with a battery. Each circuit requires a voltage from 3v to 12v. This can be supplied from a set of A cells in a holder or you can also use a 9v battery for some projects. If you want to power a circuit for a


text:
Munida subrugosa is the most abundant galatheid crab species in the Beagle Channel (55°S 68°W) off Tierra del Fuego, Argentina. Samples of crabs and the epibenthic community were taken on a monthly basis at two different depth strata (<40m and >70m), by means of epibenthic trawling from 1998 to 1999. Stomach contents from 1582 crabs were analysed, out of which only 2% had empty stomachs. The quantity of food in the stomach contents was clearly seasonal and similar at both depths. The organic matter varied throughout the year and between both depths, being significantly higher in summer/spring than in autumn/winter. Munida subrugosa shows two different and simultaneous feeding habits: (1) as a predator M. subrugosa feeds on crustaceans, algae, and polychaetes; and (2) as a deposit feeder M. subrugosa consumes particulate organic matter and organisms associated with the superficial layer of of the sediment. The composition of the diet of Munida subrugosa was similar for both years, and independent of depth, sex or season. Munida subrugosa selected crustaceans only in autumn and winter, whereas most food items were found according to their availability in the habitat.
Helmholtz Research Programs > MARCOPOLI (2004-2008) > POL4-Response of higher marine life to change


without necessarily being certain of them, while simultaneously avoiding partial belief. I must admit I'm still confused about exactly what that means. The most precise way that I can imagine expressing an uncertain belief is through probabilities. But for the reasons outlined above, probabilities still seem like only "partial beliefs" to me … and perhaps now you can see the circle of confusion in which I'm trapped.
 Here's another way to explain my point of view: there's a difference between "acting as if X were true" and "accepting X to be true". For example, suppose I estimate the probability that the miracles listed in the creeds occurred to be 0.01. I might still choose, along a Pascal's wager line of reasoning, to partake in all the Catholic sacraments and attend mass every week in order to guard against the remote chance that I might face eternal suffering. But this leads to a problem: Each time I would be called upon to say the creeds, I would feel a certain level of incredulity. This would seem to rob the creeds of their purpose. I originally interpreted your comment about partial beliefs to indicate that I would have to revise my assessment of the probability until it reached 1. This appears to have been incorrect. However, I still do not understand how acting as if an uncertain belief were true is the same as accepting that belief to be true.
 You went on to ask me: "Now, while I acknowledge that eventually, after I re-explained the matter, you realized what I meant, why make such a statement at all? Why attribute such an obviously stupid claim to me? You write that you were "fascinated" by such an idea. Why then even suggest it as a possible interpretation of what I wrote, if it's so apparently absurd?"
 I didn't mean to attribute a stupid claim to you. But, as I hope the last two paragraphs have indicated, the notion of accepting something as true without being certain of it, while simultaneously avoiding partial belief, is counterintuitive enough for me to label it "fascinating." It reminded me slightly of Leah's post about Chesterton's use of paradoxes: (_URL_ I am aware that the Chesterton quote she references is within an entirely separate context from the discussion we are having. But the point is that for some intelligent Catholic authors, the simultaneous acceptance of conflicting ideas is embraced. I thought that's the sort of statement you were making, and that's why I said it fascinated me. But I was wrong to jump to an assumption of paradox so quickly without hashing it out further with you first.
 On my response to you regarding the use of math and logic, you said,
 "The entire point of my digression about mathematics, logic, and metaphysics was to show that since non-empirical methods are used all of the time to address the nature of physical reality, and are even required by empiricism for it to be an effective means of gaining knowledge of physical reality, it is perfectly permissible to admit non-empirical evidence to determine the plausibility of the Christian miracles."
 It is true that we use non-empirical truths to understand physical reality, but a physical observation must enter the picture at some stage for those non-empricial approaches to have any bearing on physical reality. And perhaps at this point you might agree, and point out that the foundational Christian miracles were in fact observed. The follow-up is whether that observation is a necessary ingredient for Christina belief, or if the entirely non-empirical approaches are sufficient. For example, are the metaphysical and moral lines of argument complete enough such that that, if properly presented to someone many years before the birth of Christ, they would have no choice but to predict that his virgin birth and resurrection would occur eventually? I was trying to argue against a claim such as that, so that we could instead focus on the the existence or absence of physical evidence for the virgin birth and ressurection.
 Regarding my point about controversy in metaphysics: several times I pointed out that controversy does not preclude a correct answer. And I did move on from my point about controversy to engage in the substance of the metaphysical argument. But I raised the issue of controversy only to point out that metaphysics falls into a different category from math and logic in terms of how the human mind latches on to it, and there is a greater potential for error. And, this is a tangent, but there's an additional reason for why I find metaphysics less useful than math or logic. With math, it is quite clear to see how it can supplement empirical findings. A differential equation, for example, may yield a solution that predicts the flight of a cannon ball traveling in an infinite number of trajectories, and any one of those predictions can be tested at any time. Such a connection between observation and prediction does not seem to exist for metaphysics, although if I am mistaken on this point I would welcome a correction.
 - LeahLibresco
 I don't believe anything (creedal or otherwise) with P(event) = 1. But plenty of things I believe strongly, where I'd need plenty of evidence to shift my belief P(my boyfriend loves me) > P(he's playing a strange long con).
 Sometimes I believe one thing strongly which ratchets the probability of other things up sharply (thinking that scientists are sharp and keep each other honest means I think relativity is pretty likely to be right, even though I haven't put in the effort to examine the actual evidence).
 Thinking that objective morals (with a virtue ethics slant, and other various constraints and data) exist ratched up my P(Catholicism) to the point where I joined up. And that nudged my P(miracles of Catholicism) without picking up a post-grad degree in biblical archaeology.
 - KG
 Leah, it's wonderful to have you in the conversation again, and in line with Martel's observations I offer an acknowledgment that I have acted in a rude manner in past posts. I apologize for that.
 You have now clarified an important point for me: you take P(miracles in the creeds) < 1. That is useful information, and I will use it to avoid future mischaracterizations.
 This leads to two follow-up questions that you might or might not wish to address:
 1) In the context of probabilities less than 1, what does it mean for you to agree with the statement that certain teachings of the church are infallible?
 2) This is perhaps best expressed as Ray put it: "How exactly are you going from 'Catholicism has the correct moral theory' to 'Catholicism is true in toto.' ". And, it may be necessary be replace "true" here with "likely true." Through this question, I again seek your explanation for how moral reasoning reflects on the physical plausibility of the miracles listsed in the creeds.
 Note: I edited this a few times in the first few minutes of posting, but I've finished now
 - KG
 Martel, thank you again for your time and patience in your responses.
 I have reviewed the conversation, and you are right that some of my previous statements about Leah's use of probability with respect to the creeds were factually wrong. And they were wrong not because I lacked access to information, but because I willfully misread what she wrote. I will own up to that, and offer another apology to Leah. Along those lines, I have decided not to pose any more questions to her unless I am given a direct invitation by her to do so.
 I disagree with the other instances in which you accuse me of willful misreading of what you wrote. But I will accept that the blame lies with me for failing to express myself clearly enough.
 You have provided the relevant definitions you are using for "belief", "certainty", and "probability". This was a key missing ingredient for me and I am grateful for your exposition.
 I think my best course of action now is to pause, pursue your original recommendation to read the references you have suggested, and free you from the burden of dissecting long posts from me. Of course, if you have more to say to me, then I welcome it.
 - Cam
 One thing I'd like a post on, if requests are being taken, is why concerns about faulty hardware apparently don't extend to the effects of ritual and socialization of beliefs on rationality.
 It may be that accepting core tenets of Catholicism mean that we shift our priors on the benefits of rituals, but this wouldn't mean that the negative rationality effects no longer apply. We might calculate that the rationality costs are 'worth it', that they are outweighed by various benefits (like the warm fuzzies, or eternal salvation) but there's still going to be a negative net effect on rationality. We might argue that the rationality costs are unavoidable, that a Catholic is compelled (for whatever reason) to participate in the rituals, but again, that doesn't mean the costs don't apply.
 So why would someone who participates in ritual still claim to wear the rationality hat? (Notwithstanding any flat denial of the negative effects of socializing our beliefs).
 I think the best defenses would have to be 'we can correct for this' and 'rituals actually have a net positive effect on rationality as they open other avenues to truth'. But then I guess Yudkowsky's argument would apply: 'Ha


Computers & Engineering Software & Consulting
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GASWorkS uses a Newton-Nodal, iterative method of solution. It supports a number of flow equations including the AGATurbulent, Colebrook, IGT-Improved, Mueller High and Low-Pressure, Oliphant, Panhandle-A, Panhandle-B, Pole LowPressure, Spitzglass High and Low-Pressure, and Weymouth equations.
The solution routine allows the flowing temperature to be calculated based on environmental heat loss and gain. Gas properties at a specific location, including specific gravity, viscosity, ratio of specific heats, and heating value, can be calculated based on the gas composition. Mixed gas properties throughout the system can be calculated based on the flow distribution. Compressibility can be calculated using one of several methods, including the latest revision of AGA 8.


text:
More beans mean less cholesterol.
|Article Type:||Brief article|
Cholesterol (Causes of)
Beans (Risk factors)
Legumes (Risk factors)
Mimosaceae (Risk factors)
|Author:||Reeves, Philip G.|
|Publication:||Name: Agricultural Research Publisher: U.S. Government Printing Office Audience: Academic; General Format: Magazine/Journal Subject: Agricultural industry; Biotechnology industry; Business Copyright: COPYRIGHT 2008 U.S. Government Printing Office ISSN: 0002-161X|
|Issue:||Date: April, 2008 Source Volume: 56 Source Issue: 4|
|Topic:||Event Code: 310 Science & research|
|Product:||Product Code: _PHONE_ Pulses NAICS Code: 11113 Dry Pea and Bean Farming SIC Code: 0119 Cash grains, not elsewhere classified|
|Geographic:||Geographic Scope: United States Geographic Code: 1USA United States|
Just a half cup of cooked dry beans every day has been shown
sufficient to help volunteers lower their total cholesterol levels. The
recent study involved 80 volunteers aged 18 to 55. Half had at least two
symptoms that can lead to "metabolic syndrome," and half did
not. In addition to abdominal obesity, syndrome symptoms include high
triglyceride levels, low HDL "good" cholesterol, high blood
sugar, or high blood pressure.
The volunteers were randomly divided into two groups of 40. For 12 weeks, one of the two groups added a half-cup serving of cooked dry pinto beans to their regular daily diets, while the other half added chicken soup instead. At the end of the study, all the volunteers who ate the pinto beans saw a reduction in cholesterol levels, confirming earlier studies by other researchers. The mechanisms responsible for this reduction are not yet fully known. Philip G. Reeves, USDA-ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, North Dakota; phone _PHONE_, e-mail _EMAIL_. gov.
|Gale Copyright:||Copyright 2008 Gale, Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.|


text:
Literacy Theories for the Digital Age: Social, Critical, Multimodal, Spatial, Material and Sensory Lenses
Author: Kathy A. Mills
- Related Formats:
- Hardback, Ebook(PDF), Ebook(EPUB)
- 3rd Dec 2015
- Multilingual Matters
- Number of pages:
- 210mm x 148mm
Winner of the 2017 Edward Fry Book Award from the Literacy Research Association.
Literacy Theories for the Digital Age insightfully brings together six essential approaches to literacy research and educational practice. The book provides powerful and accessible theories for readers, including Socio-cultural, Critical, Multimodal, Socio-spatial, Socio-material and Sensory Literacies. The brand new Sensory Literacies approach is an original and visionary contribution to the field, coupled with a provocative foreword from leading sensory anthropologist David Howes. This dynamic collection explores a legacy of literacy research while showing the relationships between each paradigm, highlighting their complementarity and distinctions. This highly relevant compendium will inspire researchers and teachers to explore new frontiers of thought and practice in times of diversity and technological change.
Digital and social media, multimedia, multimodality, and massive social and cultural changes in our global world are transforming what literacy is and how we ought to study it. Kathy Mills' book is, by far and away, the best guide yet to this new world. It is the New 'New Literacy Studies'.
Literacy studies is moving on and Kathy Mills is helping us move forward, through new approaches, such as socio-spatial literacies, socio-material literacies, and sensory literacies. Many may be wary of all that technical language, but Mills signals her ability to make it comprehensible and leaves the reader with some control to, as the author says, take their own lines of flight. Enjoy the flight!
Kathy A. Mills' work is truly impressive. The wealth of references contained within the volume makes certainly for a useful reading. But that is not the main asset of the book. What comes through as the strong point of Mills' work is that she has attempted to depict as large, comprehensive and complex a picture as possible of the multiple meanings that "literacy" may have in such a diverse global context as that of our planet in the 21st century.
LINGUIST List 27.3431
As literacy practices mutate in the digital era, research must evolve, and yet curricula still appear
to lag behind. Mills addresses her book to graduate students of education, so that they may gain a
vital introduction to some of the key theories that shape literacy education in the digital turn.
Journal Of Multilingual And Multicultural Development, 2016
Kathy A. Mills is Associate Professor in the Faculty of Education at Queensland University of Technology, Australia. Kathy's research interests include literacy, digital media, education research paradigms, critical sociology, ethnography, classroom observation, discourse analysis, and multimodal analysis. She is Associate Editor of the Australian Educational Researcher and her previous works include The Multiliteracies Classroom (Multilingual Matters, 2011).
Rhizomatic Literacy Theories
Chapter 1: Globalisation, Mobile Lives and Schooling in the Digital Turn
Chapter 2: Socio-Cultural Literacies
Chapter 3: Critical Literacies
Chapter 4: Multimodal Literacies
Chapter 5: Socio-Spatial Literacies
Chapter 6: Socio-Material Literacies
Chapter 7: Sensory Literacies


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'Latin@' Offers A Gender-Neutral Choice; But How To Pronounce It?
In Spanish, most nouns default to masculine or feminine, as do the adjectives that describe them. So if you're referring to a group of people that includes a man, the word you'd use for that group would be masculine — even if that group is mostly made up of women.
(For a handy explainer on how words in languages become gendered, check out the "When Nouns Grow Genitals" episode of Slate's Lexicon Valley.)
To get around this, a growing number of activists, academics and bloggers have taken to employing the webby appellation "Latin@," which includes both the masculine "o" and the feminine "a," as a way to describe people with Latin American roots.
The University of Wisconsin in the official name for its Department of Latin@ and Chican@ Studies. Karma Chavez, a professor there, said that the push toward gender neutrality in Spanish has been going on for decades.
"As far as I know, this challenge to language occurred more or less to other feminist challenges to language in the United States," Chavez said. "The late author Gloria Anzaldúa talks about the first time she encountered the word nosotras" —- the Spanish word for "us" or "we" — "as she had no idea that that term could be written in the feminine."
OK, but how would you actually say it aloud?
"Well, this is where things get complicated," Chavez said. "Most people end up just saying Chicano and Chicana." Others, she says, prefer to make an "ow" sound, like "cow." But, she admits, there's no real consensus on this.
So, Two-Way readers: Have you seen this usage in your online travels? Do you use it? And how would you pronounce it?