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Going to visit another country is always a great cultural experience, especially one with a culture as rich as Japan. The history, the cuisine, the fashion, whatever it is that you like, there is something to love for everyone in Japan. But to make a trip even more special there are a few very cultural experiences you can have in Japan that are really memorable. By seeing certain aspects of a culture you can learn more about the history and traditions of that place. Here are two things you can try in Japan for a real cultural experience.
Sumo is a traditional style of wrestling which originated in Japan. The basic idea is that one wrestler attempts to force the other outside of the circular ring they stand within. A wrestler can also win by forcing the other to touch the ground with anything by the soles of their feet. Sumo has been going for many centuries in Japan so it is a true aspect of Japanese culture and history. Ancient traditions have been preserved within sumo, such as using salt to purify the ring before a match. This tradition comes from Shinto practices of purification. Being a sumo wrestler is not an easy feat, many people train from a very young age. Sumo wrestlers often live in communal 'stables' where they follow a regimented training schedule of eating, sleeping and training. Wrestling played a part in the life of the Imperial court, where wrestlers would travel from all around to fight for the lords and emperor. As a form of entertainment, Sumo was founded as far back as the Edo period, with tournaments beginning in 1684. Sumo tournaments bring big crowds and are heavily followed in the Japanese media. Six Grand tournaments are held each year, three in Tokyo and three in Osaka. As there are no weight classes like in Western wrestling any wrestler can be matched. This means gaining weight is central to being successful. If you want to see a big sumo match it is really an engaging experience. The atmosphere is brilliant and the experience is truly one of a kind. You can purchase tickets through official vendors online or at convenience stores.
Noh is a very traditional form of theater that originated in the 14th century. Noh, and it's partner play kyogen, are listen as Intangible Cultural Heritage by UNESCO. The popularity of Noh plays is often said to be due to Zeami, who was eventually banished to Sado Island. However in his wake four bands of Noh performers were established. These groups or troupes were sponsored by shrines or temples and they still survive to this day. Noh was named as the official ceremonial art of the Shogun during the Tokugawa period. This caused Noh performances to become standardised where tradition was important. A Noh play involves song, dance and music. The performers wear intricate costumes from periods of the past. Plays can sound rather monotonous and the movements of the performers are slow. The orchestra sits behind the Noh stage and can be seen performing along with the actors. The stories portrayed in Noh plays are usually drawn from Japanese legends, history and literature. Originally Noh stages were built outdoors, so the stage always had a roof over the performers.
Noh is performed by men only. One of the most recognisable aspects of Noh are the masks worn by the performers. Masks are used to portray certain characters, such as demons, women or spirits. They can also be used to change the age of the character. Noh masks are often carved from a single piece, so a lot of skill is used in producing them. Watching a Noh performance is an incredibly cultural experience and can show a lot about Japan's history. If you want to witness a play there are big venues in Tokyo, Nagoya and Osaka.
By witnessing a sumo match or Noh play you can learn a lot more about Japan, its history and people. Don't be worried about the language barrier if you do not speak Japanese, you can still be entertained and enjoy your time.


How Trombone is Similar to Electric Guitar
When comparing the two instruments side by side, it's hard to see any similarities, but brass and wood have more in common than you think. They don't look the same, are made out of completely different materials, and aren't played in nearly the same way.
But look again. Mark Mullins, of New Orleans, Louisiana, electric trombonist and lead vocalist in brass-fronted rock band Bonerama (, plays anything from "Helter Skelter" by The Beatles to "When the Levee Breaks" by Led Zeppelin. While typically thought of as guitar songs, Mullins was drawn to the sound and worked hard on translating classic rock riffs to his trombone.
electric trombone
While transcribing guitar music on the trombone, Mullins was pleased to find that the differences in the two instruments are only skin deep–frets and strings have more in common with breath and slides than you might think.
Slide and Frets
A trombone slide has seven positions that are similar to the frets on a guitar. "Each position on a trombone is a half step, just like traveling down the fret board," Mullins says. "It's easiest to think of it like a fretless instrument."
Screaming Rock Sounds
Of course, the other similarity between a distorted rock guitar and a trombone is that throaty, dark sound, which can be made even dirtier with stomp boxes. Mullins runs his trombone signal through a wah-wah pedal, harmonizer, and distortion pedal, and then into a guitar amplifier for a real guitar god sound.
Lips and Strings
For every fret on a guitar, there are six different notes you can play just by changing strings. Similarly, you can get several different notes for each slide position by changing the air flow. "The strings are invisible on the trombone, because the strings are similar to the size of the air opening of your lips," Mullins explains. "Make a smaller hole, and jump to another string. It's really very similar."
Thriving on a Riff
The similarities mean that riff-based rock music is very accessible on a trombone, as well as special effects and techniques. "The ability to bend notes with the slide in a subtle way is like the way a guitar player would pull on a string," says Mullins. "All of these things together contribute to the ability for riff-based guitar music to translate seamlessly to the trombone."
This article is from our November-December 2010 issue. Click to order!
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very large population of users. Our proposed algorithm estimates influence directly from retweet cascades, without the need to reconstruct the retweet graph, and it scales quadratically with the number of users.
Bot presence and behavior on Twitter.
The 'BotOrNot' Twitter bot detection API uses a Random Forest supervised machine learning classifier to calculate the likelihood of a given Twitter user being a bot, based on more than 1,000 features extracted from meta-data, patterns of activity, and tweet content (grouped into six main classes: user-based; friends; network; temporal; content and language; and sentiment)
[\citeauthoryearDavis et al.2016, \citeauthoryearVarol et al.2017]
Previous work has studied the political partisanship of Twitter bots. \citeauthorKollanyi.2016.presidentialdebate (\citeyearKollanyi.2016.presidentialdebate) analyzed candidate-oriented hashtag use during the 1st U.S. Presidential Debate and found that highly automated accounts (self-identified bots and/or accounts that post at least 50 times a day) were disproportionately pro-Trump. \citeauthorFM7090 (\citeyearFM7090) also studied political partisanship by identifying five pro-Trump and four pro-Clinton hashtags and assigning users to a particular political faction. The results suggested that both humans and bots were more pro-Trump in terms of hashtag partisanship. However, the above findings are limited to a comparison between humans and bots of frequency counts of tweets authored and retweets received, and they provide no insight into the importance of users in retweet diffusions. We overcome this limitation by modeling the latent structure of retweet diffusions and computing user influence over all possible scenarios.
3 Estimating influence in retweet cascades
An information cascade of size is defined as a series of messages sent by user at time, i.e.. Here is the initial message, and with are subsequent reposts or relays of the initial message. In the context of Twitter, the initial message is an original tweet and the subsequent messages are retweets (which by definition, are also tweets) of that original tweet. A latent retweet diffusion graph has the set of tweets as its vertexes, and additional edges that represent that the tweet is a retweet of the tweet, and respects the temporal precedence. Web data interfaces such as the Twitter API provide cascades, but not the diffusion edges. Such missing data makes it impossible to directly measure a given user's contribution to the diffusion process.
3.1 Modeling latent diffusions
Diffusion scenarios. We focus on tree-structured diffusion graphs, i.e. each node has only one incoming link,. Denote the set of trees that are consistent with the temporal order in cascade as, we call each diffusion tree a diffusion scenario. Fig. a contains a cascade visualized as a star graph, denoting that subsequent tweets are cascading effects from the first tweet at. Fig. b shows four example diffusion scenarios that can lead to this cascade. The main challenge here is to estimate the influence of each user in the cascade, taking into account all possible diffusion trees.
Probability of retweeting. For each tweet, we model the probability of it being a direct descendant of each previous tweet in the same cascade as a weighted softmax function, defined as follows. In line with previous work [\citeauthoryearCrane and Sornette2008, \citeauthoryearMishra, Rizoiu, and Xie2016, \citeauthoryearZhao et al.2015, \citeauthoryearShen et al.2014, \citeauthoryearYu et al.2015], we model two factors: firstly, users retweet fresh content [\citeauthoryearWu and Huberman2007]. The probability of the edge decays exponentially with the time difference ; secondly, users prefer to retweet locally influential users, also known as preferential attachment [\citeauthoryearBarabási2005]. We measure the local influence of a user using her number of followers [\citeauthoryearKwak et al.2010, \citeauthoryearCha et al.2010, \citeauthoryearRizoiu et al.2017]. We quantify the probability of an edge as:
where controls the temporal decay of the probability and is the number of followers of user (the user of ).
3.2 Tweet influence
Tweet influence over one diffusion scenario. Let be a path in the diffusion scenario – i.e a sequence of nodes which starts with and ends with. is the probability of reaching from. We define the influence of in the scenario as the expected number of users reached from using a model of independent binomials to decide whether or not to take each hop in each path that starts with. Formally:
where is a function that takes the value 1 when the path from to exists in, and 0 otherwise.
Tweet influence over a retweet cascade. We define the influence of over all valid diffusion scenarios :
Under the assumption that retweeting events (i.e. edges) occur independently one from another, the probability of a diffusion scenario is:
It is intractable to directly evaluate Eq. (3) (together with Eq. (2) and (4)), particularly due to the factorial number of diffusion scenarios in (as shown in the online supplement [\citeauthoryearsup2018, annex A]). For example, there are diffusion scenarios for a cascade of 100 retweets. We develop, in the next section, an efficient algorithm to compute the influence of all tweets.
3.3 Tractable tweet influence computation
The key observation for a tractable computation of Eq. (3) is that tweets are added sequentially at time, to each diffusion scenario constructed at time. Adding to a diffusion scenario has two effects. First, new diffusion scenarios are generated, as can attach to any of the existing nodes. Second, contributes only once to the tweet influence of each tweet that is found on the branch it attaches to and it does not make any other contributions at times. This process is exemplified in Fig. c. Node is added to a given diffusion scenario, generating 4 new diffusion scenarios at time. The nodes colored in red see their influence increase as a result of adding. This allows to compute tweet influence incrementally, by updating at each time. We denote by the value of tweet influence of after adding node. Thus, we only keep track of how tweet influence increases as nodes attach and we do not need to construct all diffusion scenarios.
We define as the contribution of to the tweet influence of, over all possible diffusion scenarios. It can be shown that the influence of increases at time by :
Recursive computation of tweet influence. can be alternatively interpreted as the influence of tweet over. Consequently, we can compute the total influence of as the sum of the individual influences of over each of the other nodes in the diffusion. This can be recursively computed as:
Computational complexity for estimating influence. The scalable influence computation algorithm shown in Algorithm 1 uses two matrices: matrix, with and matrix. It computes each column of sequentially, using Eq. (6). Recursively computing each column in takes multiplications/additions, the total computations complexity is. In real cascades containing 1000 tweets, the above algorithm finishes in 34 seconds on a PC. For more details and examples, see the online supplement [\citeauthoryearsup2018, annex B]. Throughout the experiments in Sec. 5 and 6, we set the temporal decay hyper-parameter defined in Eq (1) to, tuned using linear search on a sample of 20 real retweet diffusions (details in the online supplement [\citeauthoryearsup2018, annex D]).
3.4 Computing influence of a user
Given – the set of tweets authored by user –, we define the user influence of as the mean tweet influence of tweets :
To account for the skewed distribution of user influence, we mostly use the normalization – percentiles with a value of 1 for the most influential user our dataset and 0 for the least influential – denoted.
4 Dataset and measures of political behavior
In this section, we first describe the _TAG_ dataset that we collected during the first U.S. presidential debate. Next, we introduce three measures for analyzing the political behavior of users who were active on Twitter during the debate. In Sec. 4.1, we introduce political polarization and political engagement. In Sec. 4.2 we introduce the botness score and we describe how we construct the reference bot and human populations.
The _TAG_ dataset
contains Twitter discussions that occurred during the first 2016 U.S presidential debate between Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump.
Using the Twitter Firehose API
4.1 Political polarization and engagement
Protocol. We extracted the 1000 most frequent hashtags in our dataset. Using a content analysis approach [\citeauthoryearKim and Kuljis2010], we coded each hashtag into two categories: Democrat and Republican. Hashtags that did not have a clear political polarity were not labeled and thus excluded from analysis. Our coding methodology is similar to previous work [\citeauthoryearKollanyi, Howard, and Woolley2016, \citeauthoryearBessi and Ferrara2016], with the difference that we extract candidate hashtags from the data instead of using a predefined set of partisan hashtags. Fig. 2 presents the wordclouds of the most frequent partisan hashtags, for Democrats (top) and Republicans (bottom). We chose hashtags indicating either strong support for a candidate (e.g., _TAG_ for Clinton and _TAG_ for Trump), or opposition and/or antagonism (e.g

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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- C. Ooi and B. B. Yellen, Field gradients can control the alignment of nanorods,
Langmuir, vol. 24 no. 16
pp. 8514 -- 8521.
(last updated on 2009/08/04)
This-work is motivated by the unexpected experimental observation that field gradients can control the alignment of nonmagnetic nanorods immersed inside magnetic fluids. In the presence of local field gradients, nanorods were observed to align perpendicular to the external field at low field strengths, but parallel to the external field at high field strengths. The switching behavior results from the competition between a preference to align with the external field (orientational potential energy) and preference to move into regions of minimum magnetic field (positional potential energy). A theoretical model is developed to explain this experimental behavior by investigating the statistics of nanorod alignment as a function of both the external uniform magnetic field strength and the local magnetic field variation above a periodic array of micromagnets. Computational phase diagrams are developed which indicate that the relative population of nanorods in parallel and perpendicular states can be adjusted through several control parameters. However, an energy barrier to rotation was discovered to influence the rate kinetics and restrict the utility of this assembly technique to nanorods which are slightly shorter than the micromagnet length. Experimental results concerning the orientation of nanorods inside magnetic fluid are also presented and shown to be in strong agreement with the theoretical work.


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Explore Missouri's Original Landscapes
Missouri's natural areas represent some of the best—and last—examples of the state's original natural landscape, each offering a shining example of Missouri's outstanding biological and geological features. Hiking through a natural area, you can observe rare plants and animals that would have been familiar sights to native Americans or explorers, such as Lewis and Clark. Natural areas are defined as natural communities or geologic features that represent the natural character, diversity and ecological processes of Missouri's native landscapes. Natural communities are groups of plants and animals and the landscapes, such as forests or prairies, that they inhabit—and that occur repeatedly throughout the state.
Use the information in this section to plan a visit to a natural area. Whether your interest is in nature study, birding, hiking, fishing, hunting or photography, you'll find a designated Missouri natural area to explore and enjoy your favorite low-impact outdoor recreational activity.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Children create identities in art
July 3, 2013 | 5:53 p.m. CDT
Nine-year-old Paris Henson's clay fox sits on top of the animals Ethan Rastorfer, 11, made Wednesday to answer the question "'If you were an animal, what would you be?" at the Columbia Art League "'Who Am I" summer day camp at the Calvary Episcopal Church. On the left Ethan created a blue wombat, the arched creature in the center is a unicorn with a robot dog named Buster sitting underneath, and a fire blob on the right.
RELATED STORIES: Budding artists learn techniques at camp


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Aim: Tenascin, a glycoprotein, is among the major constituents of extracellular matrix, which may function in organizing the stroma in normal and pathological conditions. staining around inflammatory cells, fibroblast and endothelial cells using anti-human tenascin. Result: Most of the OSMF cases showed retention of antigen at ECJ and in deeper CT. Its expression varied in different grades as well as around inflammatory cells, fibroblast and endothelial cells in same tissue section. Highly significant values of 0.001 and 0.003 were obtained for tenascin intensity and pattern, respectively, at ECJ in different OSMF grades. In addition, for the expression of tenascin pattern in deeper CT among different OSMF grades, a significant value of 0.018 was obtained. Conclusion: A differential expression of tenascin was observed with the progression of disease. The expression of tenascin as bright and continuous deposition at ECJ in early and moderate stages of OSMF signifies either proliferative business within the overlying epithelium or an epithelial-mesenchymal conversation. However, a poor immunoreactivity of tenascin at ECJ was observed in advanced stage of OSMF. and but also by epithelial cells. Despite considerable research into numerous aspects of this disease, the actual location of the initiation of fibrosis has eluded researchers and remains inconclusive. It is rather prudent to believe that in some cases of OSMF, the plane of initiation of fibrosis is not in the lamina propria but further down in the submucosa. This seems to be a possible reason for some of the early manifestations of disease such as dryness of the mucosa and functional impairment. While the factors that determine this histological alteration in cases of OSMF remain elusive and in early clinical stages, the histopathological features are not pathognomonic. Further studies on different components of ECM glycoproteins during the progression of OSMF may throw light on early diagnosis of the disease. Therefore, the present study was aimed to study the tenascin expression in early, moderate and advanced cases of OSMF, in individuals exclusively associated with the habit of chewing areca nut, to characterize its role in progression of the disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective cross-sectional immunohistochemical (IHC) study was carried out on 35 patients including 30 cases of OSMF and five cases of normal oral mucosa Flumazenil small molecule kinase inhibitor as control group. The samples for the study were collected from 35 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks, 10 each from histologically confirmed and graded early, moderate and advanced stage of OSMF according to the grading system given by Utsunomiya test was applied for each parameter to minimize the interobserver errors and with this measure of agreement value was nonsignificant. Thus, the observation made by observer 1 was then subjected for further statistical analysis. STATISTICS AND RESULTS All normal oral mucosa sections showed expression of tenascin at the ECJ as faint linear continuous brown staining [Physique 1]. Few cells in the basal cell layer also showed positive staining. In OSMF group, most of the cases showed retention of the antigen. Its expression varied from one case to another and also within the same tissue section. Open in a separate window Physique 1 Normal oral mucosal section showing linear deposition of tenascin along the cellar membrane (IHC stain, 400) Among early OSMF situations, 90% areas exhibited a shiny and constant deposition of tenascin at ECJ, such as a music group [Body 2 and Desk 1]. In these areas, tenascin proteins was transferred diffusely in deeper CT in 80% areas with 20% areas showing patchy regions of tenascin positive areas. Amazingly, tenascin deposition was noticed around endothelial cells, fibroblasts and inflammatory cells in most sections [Desk 2]. Open up in another window Body 2 Early dental submucous fibrosis section displaying shiny immunoreactivity of tenascin on the junction of epithelium and connective tissues with expansion into connective tissues (IHC stain, x200) Desk 1 Evaluation of strength and design of tenascin appearance at epithelium and connective tissues among different levels of dental submucous fibrosis Open up in another window Desk 2 Flumazenil small molecule kinase inhibitor Evaluation of design of tenascin appearance and existence of staining throughout the cells in connective tissues stroma among different levels of dental submucous fibrosis Open up in another screen In moderate Flumazenil small molecule kinase inhibitor OSMF situations, 80% areas exhibited a shiny and 70% areas showed constant deposition of tenascin at ECJ, such as a music group [Body 3 and Desk 1]. In these areas also, tenascin proteins Flumazenil small molecule kinase inhibitor was transferred diffusely in deeper CT in 80% areas with 20% areas showing patchy regions of tenascin positive areas. Nevertheless, the appearance of tenascin, around endothelial cells, fibroblasts and inflammatory cells was seen in less number of instances than in early OSMF areas S1PR4 [Desk 2]. Open up in another window Body 3 Moderate dental submucous fibrosis section displaying shiny immunoreactivity of tenascin on the junction.
L. were kept at night at +4C to be able to measure the composition ofC. scolymusleaves extracts. 2.2. Phytochemical Evaluation ofCynara scolymusLeaves Extracts The analytical testing for identification of different secondary metabolites inCynaraleaves extracts had Ecdysone novel inhibtior been conducted following methods referred to by Sofwora and Okwu [9, 10]. Ecdysone novel inhibtior 2.3. Proximate Evaluation of Dried Leaves ofC. scolymusC. scolymusleaves heated in 105C for one hour. Then, it had been devote desiccators for 30?min. From then on, the mass of every content material has been observed. These measures have resulted in dried out leaves and their mass offers been noticed once again to be able to estimate the percentage of humidity in these samples. Furthermore, the evaluation of sugar quantities was acquired by phenol-sulfuric acid reagent. 2.4. Quantification of Total Phenolics, Flavonoids, and Tannins Contents ofCynara scolymusLeaves Extracts Ecdysone novel inhibtior The quantification of total phenolics content material (TPC) of ALE was dependant on Fawole et al. method. 200?C. scolymusdried leaves was incinerated in a muffle furnace at 550C for 8 hours and the ashes acquired had been digested in nitric acid and dissolved in distilled drinking water for the mineral composition of artichoke leaves [19, 20]. Minerals components ofC. scolymusleaves had been potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), iron (I), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and chromium (Cr). These mineral contents were dependant on flame atomic absorption spectrometry (Hitachi Z-6100, Japan). 2.6. Evaluation In Vitro of Antioxidants Properties 2.6.1. Antioxidant Activity by DPPH MethodThe antioxidant activity of DPPH is founded on scavenging of DPPH. from antioxidants in the vegetal sample, which create a spectrophotometric reduction in absorbance at 515?nm. The DPPH assay (Sigma Chemical substance Co., St. Louis, MO) was evaluated as referred to by Fawole et al.. The blend was ready in check tubes by dilution of 50?uL of ALE in 735?mL of 100% methanol. 750?mL of 0.1?mM methanolic DPPH reagent was put into the combination of ALE-methanol. After that, the blend was incubated at space temperatures in a chamber without the light during 30?min. After incubation, the estimation of the scavenging capability was performed by calculating at 517?nm in spectrophotometer (T70 UV-Vis). The capability of inhibition percentage (PI) of DPPH radicals was calculated as identifies the absorbance of control (without plant extract) also to the absorbance of sample (with plant extract). BHT and VC were utilized as specifications at the same concentrations of Ecdysone novel inhibtior plant extract. 2.6.2. Information for the Treatment and Usage of Laboratory Animalsissued by the University of Sfax, Tunisia, and authorized by the Ethics Committee of Pet use,protocol quantity 94-1939CRP was a particular marker following a inflammatory procedure. It increases compared to its strength. The reactive proteins was measured by turbid metric method using an automatic analyzer COBAS INTEGRA 400 C-reactive. The CRP is expressed with mg/L. Plasma fibrinogen concentration was determined by Clauss Ecdysone novel inhibtior clotting method measured on a STA?analyzer. Principle test measures the conversion rate of fibrinogen into fibrin in diluted sample in presence of excess of thrombin and


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When did Thomas Cranmer write the Book of Common Prayer?
The First Prayer Book, enacted by the first Act of Uniformity of Edward VI in 1549, was prepared primarily by Thomas Cranmer, who became archbishop of Canterbury in 1533.
Did the Book of Common Prayer replace the Bible?
The Bible in the 2019 Book of Common Prayer
However, in the same spirit in which the 1662 revision of the BCP replaced the 1539 Bible translations with the 1611 translations for its lessons, the 2019 BCP "re-synced" its biblical texts to the English Standard Version (ESV).
What was the purpose of the Book of Common Prayer?
The Book of Common Prayer gathered the elements of the medieval year into a compact form that has largely survived. It reinforced the basic pattern, while simplifying some aspects of the annual round, using traditional prayers and readings to mark its contours.
What is the current version of the Book of Common Prayer?
The Book of Common Prayer 2019
"The Book of Common Prayer is the Bible arranged for worship. The 2019 edition takes what was good from the modern liturgical renewal movement and also recovers what had been lost from the tradition."
How many times has the Book of Common Prayer been revised?
The first Prayer Book was published in 1549. It was revised in 1552, 1559, 1604, and 1662. The 1662 Book of Common Prayer is still the official Prayer Book in the Church of England, and it has served as the model for subsequent BCPs throughout the worldwide Anglican Communion.


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Continuous Innovation in Turbo Technologies
A global engineering leader in turbocharger technology, Cummins recently presented six papers at IMechE in London. Continuous innovation demonstrates Cummins' dedication to improving the durability, efficiency and manufacturing of Holset turbochargers.
These most recent innovations are summarized below, with full papers linked for download.
- Development of an improve turbocharger dynamic seal - Market trends indicate that, in the near future, turbocharger operating conditions will be challenging for today's compressor side seal systems. The need for improved compressor end sealing is greater than ever. This market intelligence drove Cummins Turbo Technologies to develop a robust seal system that meets the future demands of our customers. There are many benefits to the slinger/ collector seals systems used today and cutting-edge analysis has helped us generate the next level of understanding required to unleash further performance. This report gives insight to the market requirements and the approach to developing a seal to meet this need.
- Optimisation of wastegate bypass flow reintroduction for increased turbine stage efficiency identifies several key design learnings which, when combined, generated a 6.5 percent increase in wastegate open turbine efficiency, saving the customer $300 on average per year. As a large proportion of modern turbochargers incorporate a wastegate system into their design, the research presents an opportunity to deliver significant efficiency and emissions benefits to OEMs and end users.
- The application of additive manufacturing to turbomachinery examines the advantages and challenges associated with Selective Laser Melting (SLM) in the context of manufacturing turbine wheels. The paper states that the technology could improve turbocharger efficiency by unlocking novel turbine wheel designs, improving prototyping through lead time reduction and allowing onsite manufacturing, provided that metallurgical challenges associated with processing nickel base superalloys are overcome.
- The development of a lead-free corrosion resistant bearing system for turbocharger applications. Due to its toxicity, the use of lead in bearings is being increasingly restricted by environmental legislation and OEMs. Through the comprehensive lab and turbocharger-based testing and analysis outlined in this paper, Cummins has evaluated the corrosion and tribological performance of a range of lead-free materials for turbocharger applications. Lead-free brass bearing materials provided the most superior overall performance, with a high level of correlation observed between lab-based and turbocharger-based testing.
- Steady and transient conjugate heat transfer of a turbocharger demonstrates the application of computational fluid dynamics to model a turbocharger under non-adiabatic conditions. This analysis approach therefore enables enhanced stage performance prediction to improve turbocharger-engine matching. In addition, prediction of component absolute temperatures becomes possible under a range of steady and transient scenarios which can be used to support further analysis techniques to ultimately improve life cycle predictions.
- Stability optimisation of turbocharger rotor-floating ring bearing system: a combination of linear and nonlinear approaches In an effort to develop an efficient method for the stability optimisation of rotor-floating ring bearing system, this paper demonstrates that the traditional linear stability analysis method can be used as a time-saving and qualitative analysis tool to locate the optimum design region in the defined parametric space. The combination of the described linear and nonlinear methods can significantly reduce the required time and experimental cost when developing turbocharger rotor-floating ring bearing systems.
- The tribological performance of coated and non-coated materials in high temperature environments utilises a robust material selection process to identify suitable coatings with the potential to deliver the required wide temperature range wear and friction performance, at a lower price point than high-performing uncoated materials. Although further turbocharger-based testing is required to validate the laboratory-based test results on application, this development has the potential to ensure high product durability at a reduced cost.


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(Ivanhoe Newswire) – What if you could predict your chances of having
a heart attack years ahead of time? New research shows the coronary artery
calcium score (CACS) may be useful in doing just that.
A Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine study found that
considering the CACS along with traditional risk factors for heart disease
is a better method of predicting future heart attacks than using traditional
In a group of volunteers, researchers tried to predict the risk of future
coronary heart disease by using their traditional risk factors, such as age,
gender, tobacco use, blood pressure and cholesterol level, and also by
evaluating traditional factors plus CACS. They then compared which method
did a better job of predicting who would experience a heart attack or
serious chest pain.
Researchers found that the CACS was a major factor in classifying people in
the most extreme categories.
"Ours is the first study to show that the CACS test, applied in a large
population, actually puts more people who experience events in the high-risk
category and more people who do not have events in the low-risk category,"
senior author Philip Greenland, M.D. was quoted as saying.
"So the test is effective. It sorts people properly,"
The downsides to getting the test are that it is not covered by most
insurance companies and exposes the patient to a high amount of radiation.
Source: Journal of the American Medical Association, April 28, 2010


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BIRMM's research can be divided into three broad research clusters.
1. The Multi-Level Governance of Migration, Equality and Diversity
BIRMM researchers in this cluster inquire into when, how and why multi-level governance of migration, equality and diversity takes place. They respond to questions like: How and why do policies diverge across policy levels, across countries, regions, cities and over time? How and why do different levels of authority coordinate migration, diversity and equality policies? Research programmes in political science, political theory and law also focus on the political representation and participation of ethnic minorities and intersectional groups; and on human rights dimensions in migration law. This research cluster offers a.o. unique research foci on the (external dimension of) EU migration governance (Ilke Adam, Florian Trauner, Philipp Stutz and Leonie Jegen), the multi-level governance of immigrant integration in federal and decentralized states (Ilke Adam and Laura Westerveen), the quality of representation in diverse societies (Karen Celis, Silvia Erzeel, Eline Severs) and intersectionality in politics and policies (Karen Celis, Gily Coene, Sophie Withaecx, Ilke Adam and Serena D'Agostino). The BIRMM research domain on the multi-level governance of migration, equality and diversity benefits from its central location in Brussels, thereby profiting from the close-by European institutions to regularly organize policy-research dialogues with EU policy-makers and civil society organisations.
Main VUB research centres and departments: IES, POLI, RHEA, FRC, BRIO, Crime and Society, Cosmopolis
2. The Sociology of Migration, Equality and Diversity
BIRMM researchers in this cluster study the 'Hows and Whys" of immigrants' and ethnic minority citizens' (un)equal participation in different societal spheres: education, labour-market, health, religion, communication, crime, politics and housing. While doing so, they focus on the study of mainstream institutions, the practices of every day discrimination, and features of the ethnic minority and majority populations. They particularly address the influence of the intersections of ethnicity/race with other discriminatory mechanisms like gender, age, religion, health status, handicap, class and sexuality. This research cluster offers a.o. unique research foci on migrant's health (a.o. Hadewijch Vandenheede and Wanda van Hemelrijck, in sociology; and the research group 'Research into Diversity in Health Care' at the Faculty of Medicine), methodological development in discrimination testing (a.o. Pieter-Paul Verhaeghe and Dounia Bourabain) and migrants and digital connectivity (Kevin Smets). Within this cluster, the VUB holds a Fatima Mernissi Chair in Gender and Islam (Iman Lechkar), not only promoting research on gender and Islam, but also building bridges between academia and civil society (opinion makers, civil society organisations, artists, activists and different types of stakeholders), thereby reaching a very large and diverse public in Brussels.
Main VUB research centres and departments: Interface Demography, TOR, IES, POLI, RHEA, Crime and Society, CEMESO, BRIO
3. Migration, Diversity and the City
BIRMM researchers in this cluster try to understand how formal and informal regulations developed to cope with these challenges influence patterns of integration and conflict, neighbourhood disintegration and urban renewal. This research cluster offers a.o. a unique research focus on the city governance of migration and diversity in current and present times (19th century, a.o. Bas van Heur, Anne Winter, Nick Schuermans, Pieter-Paul Verhaeghe, Patrick Deboosere). Within this research cluster, active academia-civil society/policy dialogues are set up through the Brussels Academy, an 'urban and citizens university on the city'. The Brussels Academy recurrently organizes the StadsSalonsUrbains lectures, joining a public or researchers, policy makers and civil society discussing a.o. the governance of diversity in cities.
Main VUB research centres and departments: Cosmopolis, RHEA, HOST, Crime and Society, Interface Demography, IES


# This is an example of a Tcl script used with mq to edit a large # (~380) collection of metadata records in batch mode. # Here's the problem: Metadata producers, including me, have # indicated the price of certain USGS products in fixed dollar # amounts (for example $32.00 per CD-ROM, with $3.50 handling fee). # But these prices are subject to change, and they change every # few years. There isn't a direct linkage that can be used to # obtain the current pricing information, and that depends also # on the volume of the order, whether international shipping is # needed, and so forth. Consequently it is better to provide a # WWW address for pricing information rather than a specific # dollar amount in the Fees element. # # Fees occurs singly within Standard_Order_Process, which can # repeat in Distribution_Information, which can repeat in Metadata. # # The value "none" is commonly used in Fees to indicate that a # data set is available without direct charge through the internet. # This value need not change. # # So technically, the problem is # Read the standard configuration file to get extension info # Find each metadata record # Read the record # For each Distribution_Information # For each Standard_Order_Process # Find Fees element # If there is one, and its value is not "none" # then replace the value with the internet address # of the USGS product pricing page. # If you successfully changed the value, remember that # this record was changed. # Go to the next Standard_Order_Process # Go to the next Distribution_Information # If any Fees values were changed, rewrite the metadata # record using the same disk file name. # Go to the next metadata record # # The implementation of this method is given below as Tcl code # that is provided as input to mq. # # Peter N. Schweitzer (U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA 20192) package require mq proc process_directory {long_name short_name} { recurse $long_name } proc process_file {long_name short_name} { global new_value if {[string compare [file extension $short_name].met] == 0} { if {[metadata m -parse $short_name]} { puts stdout "$short_name" set changed 0 set p [$m find_first Distribution_Information] while {$p} { set q [$m find_in $p Standard_Order_Process] while {$q} { set r [$m find_in $q Fees] if {$r} { set value [$m value_of $r] puts stdout " $value" if {[string compare $value none]!= 0} { set ok [$m value_set $r $new_value] if {$ok} { set changed 1 puts stdout "--OK: value at $r changed" } \ else { puts stdout "--ERROR: could not set value at $r" } } } set q [$m find_next $q] } set p [$m find_next $p] } if {$changed} {$m write -format text $short_name} $m forget } } } proc recurse {dir} { global root foreach long_name [lsort [glob [file join $dir *]]] { scan $long_name "$root/%s" short_name if {[file isdirectory $long_name]} { process_directory $long_name $short_name } \ else { process_file $long_name $short_name } } } config read standard.cfg set new_value "See _URL_ set root [pwd] set short_name. recurse $root # end of Tcl code


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Bird's nest fungi are fascinating! These tiny, moisture-loving fungi grow in wooded areas, including the woods along the Forest Trail at Prairie Ridge.
What is a bird's nest fungus? Bird's nest fungi are part of the fungus family Nidulariaceae. You can distinguish them from other fungi by their unique bird's nest-like shape, complete with eggs inside. They are decomposers that feed on rotting wood, so you typically find them in damp, wooded areas.
Where are bird's nest fungi found? Bird's nest fungi are very common and found in moist areas throughout the world. They are especially common in areas that have been enriched or landscaped with wood chips or wood mulch.
What are the "eggs" inside the nests? Bird's nest fungi have a fascinating method of reproduction! The "eggs" inside the nests contain fungal spores, which are effectively the seeds of the fungus. The bird's nest shape of the fungus creates a splash up so that when it rains, raindrops that fall into the cups at just the right angle fling the eggs far from the fungus. The spores are then released from the "egg" and new fungi eventually grow from the spores.
Bird's nest fungi are currently abundant in the Build a Home for a Gnome area along the Forest Trail at Prairie Ridge. Come out and take a look! To find them, get down close to the ground and look for the little cup shape of the fungus. At about 3/8 of an inch, they're quite small, but keep looking! You'll soon see a dense mat of them covering the ground and see the little "eggs" inside.
Find out more about the natural happenings at Prairie Ridge at our What Time is it in Nature Archive.


Why is Bali different to the rest of Indonesia?
Bali is different from the rest of Indonesia because of the religion that it follows. The majority of people in Indonesia are Muslim, but most people in Bali follow Balinese-Hinduism. Many religions set time aside in daily lives for religious rituals; Muslims, for example, pray five times a day.
How is Bali different to the rest of Indonesia?
Bali is small – about 100 miles wide and 70 miles north to south. And, unlike the rest of Indonesia, its 3.9 million residents are mostly Hindu, not Muslim. … From relaxing retreats to bustling streets to standing amid volcanoes and Buddhist temples, Bali, Java and Jakarta capture the essence of Indonesia.
Why is Bali so different?
Culturally Bali is mostly Balinese Hindu, which is quite a stark difference from the mostly Muslim Indonesia. The state of development and foreign influences is also very different in Bali compared to many other places.
Is Indonesia and Bali the same place?
Why is Bali unique?
FASCINATINGLY: What was Myanmar's name before 1988?
How dangerous is Bali?
Why is Bali so cheap?
Which God is Worshipped in Bali?
Bali's official religion is Hindu, but it's far too animistic to be considered in the same vein as Indian Hinduism. The Balinese worship the trinity of Brahma, Shiva and Vishnu, three aspects of the one (invisible) god, Sanghyang Widi, as well as the dewa (ancestral gods) and village founders.
What is the best month to go to Bali?
Is Bali a third world country?
Bali is not a country. It is an island that is part of Indonesia, and Indonesia is said to be a third world country (although it's slowly improving). That being said, there are huge regional differences in Indonesia. As a tourist magnet, the wealth level in Bali is quite a bit higher than in the rest of the country.
FASCINATINGLY: Your question: Is your salary in abroad is taxable here in the Philippines?
Keep Calm and Travel


FoPat – Tackling Food Waste
Student | Anushritha Yernool Sunil
Faculty | Rebecca Welz
School of Design, Graduate Industrial Design
FoPat is a temperature sensitive indicator for food freshness. It takes the form of a flat label or a tie around band on the fruit or vegetable. It helps you store your food at the right temperature, and reduces food waste by indicating when your food actually spoils, unlike the uncertain expiry date labels.
The label is a color indicator for the freshness of food. The label reacts with the gases produced by the fruits and vegetables to change color from fresh orange to past best red. It is a food freshness indicator. This color indicating film gradually disintegrates to reveal a bumpy layer below. The tactile sensation indicates the expiry of food. Therefore, this label is also suitable for the visually impaired users. The other half of the label contains information about the barcode and origin of the produce. It also contains a NFC sensor to enable smartphone readings.
The other half is a peel off label which can be further lifted to reveal an underside information section. The underside provides valuable education about the fruit or vegetable.
This label replaces the existing label that is seen on fruits and vegetables in the retail stores. It does not overpower the surface of the fruit or vegetable. This design is meant to improve the technology and develop an active label that can : – Tackle food waste by providing a better and a direct date label mechanism. – Change consumer behavior by providing a playful underside information fold out and further build our connection with food.


text:
DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION OF MICROCANTILEVERS
Mo Yang and Cengiz S. Ozkan
GRADUATE STUDENT, US
Keywords: MEMS, Microcantilevers, Biochemical Sensing, FEM Modeling
We discuss the mechanical design and optimization of piezoresistive microcantilevers for use in detecting changes in surface stress upon analyte-receptor binding. Conventional microcantilevers are used along with an optical detection system in many commercially available scaning probe systems, which require a rigorous alignment of the detecting laser beam to the cantilever beam. In a liquid cell environment, turbulence effects could result in additional deflections of the cantilever beam which could render the detection measurements useless. Piezoresistive cantilevers can be utilized to avoid these problems. The fractional change in resistance ( ) for a piezoresistive cantilever is described by the following expression,
where is the piezoresistive coefficient of Sillicon along the <110> axis, is the longitudinal stress, is the transverse stress, t is the thickness of the cantilever, is the Poisson's ratio, and is a factor that adjusts for the thickness of the piezoresistor. The ( ) ratio is proportional to the stress difference ( ), whose distribution depends on the geometric factors of the layers and the chemo-mechanical forces between the biomolecules and the capture or hybridization layers. The deflection signal can be increased by maximizing the stress difference. In addition, stress concentration regions such as trenches can be employed to increase this stress difference. The use of a double cantilever arrangement can further increase the large stress difference area. Modeling and simulations for piezoresistive cantilevers were conducted using the CFDRCTM.
NSTI Nanotech 2003 Conference Technical Program Abstract


text:
Devise a tour that gets a tourist from their hotel to all the city sights and back to their hotel.
This activity is an example of creating an algorithm that is a simple sequence of instructions to do in order. It shows that if we have written down a solution to the problem in the form of an algorithm then we are able to do tours in future just by following the steps, without having to work it out from scratch again. Also if we write down the algorithm we can check that it definitely works by following it step by step on paper.
This activity leads on to the Knight's Tour Activity – read that next.
- data representation
- computational thinking
- sequences of instructions
This session comes with linked activity sheets that you can download:
- Activity: Tour Guide [PDF]
- Booklet: Computational Thinking – The Knight's Tour [PDF]
- Video: (also about the Knight's Tour Activity)
This activity can be used alone but naturally combines with the Knight's Tour Activity.


or Connect
AVS › AVS Forum › Display Devices › Screens › Reflected Light
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Reflected Light
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Thread Starter
This may be an elementary question but if I'm getting about 10 foot lamberts of light from my projector and I'm using a 1.8 gain screen should I get approximately 18 foot lamberts of reflected light from the screen?
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Thread Starter
post #3 of 4
Yes, your math is correct. That is exactly how a screen's "gain" works. A Unity gain screen is 1.0, i.e. it returns exactly the same FtL back that strikes it.
How does a higher gain screen "do it"? By redirectly most of the light energy back within a smaller angle of reflectance, effectively concentrating the light output for that given viewing angle range.
- Tom C
post #4 of 4
The correct formula for calculating screen luminance (in foot-lamberts) is: (projectors light output (in ansi lumens) x screen gain) / screen sq ft.. You can work this formula back and forward to derive you desired screen luminance. Once you know the projectors light output, you can play with screen size and gain to reach the desired number. Somewhere between 10-16 foot-lamberts would match the light output at the theater (they measure 16 with the gate open and no film, it ends up being about 12foot lamberts during the film presentation). You may want a higher number if you have poor control of ambient light. To get higher screen luminance:
-higher gain screen (trade offs can be numerous)
-smaller screen
-brighter projector
Don O
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text: The UK National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) is charged with the duty of providing informed guidance on clinical practice (clinical effectiveness and cost effectiveness) to patients and health professionals. The Appraisal Committee through its process of review of evidence advises NICE on the clinical effectiveness and cost effectiveness of new and existing technologies and their appropriate use within the National Health Service in England and Wales. The appraisal process takes into account both published and unpublished evidence as well as input from professional and patient and carer groups when coming to its decisions. The appraisal of a new technology often has to bridge the gap between the evidence required for licensing purposes and that needed to provide pragmatic advice to practising clinicians. The appraisal of zanamivir (Relenza) is an excellent working example of this difficult and important process.


text:
of the natural world, including the wildlife, and flora and fauna, are in a state of permanent flux," said Shouerholts.
He sees programmes to set up so-called "peace parks" – national parks lying on the borders of estranged countries, overlapping their frontiers – as a means of "easing tension between the countries and starting a dialogue.
"I think the opening of such a programme concerning the Akhurian reservoir would certainly promote the establishment of friendly relations between the two countries."
This article was originally published on _URL_
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.


text:
Industrial Maintenance Paint
Definition - What does Industrial Maintenance Paint mean?
Industrial maintenance paint refers to a paint or coating that is used for the protection of industrial structures and components. These paints are primarily chosen considering their protective attributes rather than their aesthetic properties, though they can provide both.
High-performance epoxy coatings, acrylic primers, enamels and finishes can be used to produce industrial maintenance paint.
An industrial maintenance paint may also be referred to as a maintenance paint.
Corrosionpedia explains Industrial Maintenance Paint
Industrial maintenance paints are specially produced paints to protect industrial structures and components. These paints are commonly used to control the corrosion of steel structures of industrial plants; their roofs, platforms and underground pipelines. These coatings are also used as intumescent coatings for the fire resistance of industrial equipment and structures.
The environments of industries are not similar, so different types of coatings with different attributes are needed to meet the specific needs of each environment.
High-performance polymers, acrylic and primers are mainly used to produce industrial paints. Polyurethane, epoxy, moisture-cure urethane and fluoropolymer are commonly used polymers that also produce these paints. The coating produces a polymer film on the coating surface, which acts as a physical barrier between the steel substrate and the industrial corrosive environment. This polymer film protects the industrial structure and components.
As an industrial maintenance coating, high-performance epoxy coatings are ideal for structural steel, piping, tanks and equipment in chemicals, fertilizers, power plants, petroleum refineries, pulp and paper mills, and mining operations. They are also used as a filler for concrete blocks. Various waterborne acrylic coatings are also a good choice for industrial finishes.


Walking through Ezekiel 13: A Word for Today
Comments 2 Standard
 Ezekiel 13 addresses two people: the lying prophets of Israel and the lying daughters who prophesied out of their own heart. Ezekiel 13 is also a message for each one of us. Are the words we hear God's truth? God's absolute truth must be our foundation. We must make sure the teachings we have heard are truth so we don't build our lives on lies.
False Prophets and white washed walls
 The prophets were to protect the people by building a wall of defense around them. This wall would protect them from their enemies. Was this literal? Figurative? Or both? Whatever the answer, the message is clear – the prophets were not building a sturdy and safe wall of protection for the people. This left an open door for the enemy to come in and attack. Scripture uses the word 'white wash' or a slimy mortar as the filing agent the prophets used to fix the breaks in the wall. Instead of building their wall of protection with a true and fortified defense, they only covered up the cracks. They tried to make everything look right, saying their words were from God, but they were only covering up the truth. What was the truth? The breaks in the walls were still there even though they hid them. This white wash seems to symbolize the lies and false teachings of these prophets. Building our foundation on lies is like covering the breaks in the wall or building a house on sand. The scripture reminds me of the parable of the man who built his house on the rock and the man who built his house on the sand. One house crumbled down and one house stood firm. Their structures were the same, but the foundation beneath them caused them to either stand firm or crumble.
 Notice-when the defense or wall was weak (unstable with cracks), the enemy came in. In Genesis 4:6, the Lord warns Cain
 Sin is always crouching at our door to overtake us. What is the foundation you rely on? Are you relying on the whitewash of the walls or are you fully grounded and rooted in the Word of God as in Jeremiah 17:7-8 and unshakable? Have you allowed the desires of the world and worries to come in and steal God's Word from your heart?
 The false prophets prophesied of their own heart. The Hebrew meaning of the word heart is: feelings, reflection, inner man and thinking. In other words, the words were made up prophesies that did not come from God. This same thing is happening today. Ezekiel's words may be ancient but the message stands forever. Remember back in Jeremiah we were taught that if a prophet prophesies Peace! Good Tidings! Money! And the Whoo Hoo's – we are to consider it, but don't believe it until it happens. On the other hand, when we hear a warning we are to listen and take heed.
 The true work of the prophet in Ezekiel 13:
 1. To fortify the walls, fill in the breaks and make it a strong defense from enemies
 2. To protect and warn the people
 3. To keep the people safe
 The False prophets of Ezekiel 13
 1. They claim "The Lord saith" but the Lord did not speak to them
 2. They expected God to make their claims come true, hoping the Lord would cause it to happen
 3. Covered the truth with lies building the walls with whitewash, a slimy mortar that wouldn't hold. Foolishness
 4. They envisioned futility and devise lies
 5. Made people hope in their false predictions
 6. They were like foxes in the desertto devour and destroy. They were sly and seducing
 7. Seduced God's people with false promises and good tidingsPeace! When there was no peace. Prosperity! Peace! Money! (Coexist?!)
 8. They caused the people to wander far from God.
 The lies the people believed and listened to would soon be their downfall. Doesn't seem fair, does it? The sheep were punished because they followed the wrong shepherds. We are each individually responsible to consider and search out the truth. You are responsible to search the bible, to seek God and make sure the teachings you have been taught are true and reliable. Claiming ignorance before the throne won't work. He knows you. And know thisjust because you see miracles in the way you do things doesn't mean it is the hand of God. We are warned the antichrist will come with signs and miracles also, this is why knowing the truth of God's Word is so important. In Jeremiah, the people prayed and worshipped the Queen of Heaven. When they did, the people lived in peace and had all they had. Jeremiah warned them by the Word of God to stop but they refused. Their reply was – We have been worshipping the Queen of Heaven all these years and we have lived in health and prosperity and we won't change. The people continued to mix pagan rituals and brought them into the temple. I wonder if we have done the same. I know there might be traditions engrained in my life that are not of God, or maybe there are things I should be doing that I'm not. The days are no different now than the days of Ezekiel or Jeremiah. Imagine throwing away one of your family traditions, that's how the people in Ezekiel's day felt. They went to the temple, feeling all holy and righteous; they would bow down to the Sun god and perform pagan rituals at the gates of the temple. Am I talking about a certain religion? Noit's a warning to consider all our teachings, everything we hear, and ask for discernment. There are many tv preachers that have mixed up God's Word, just be careful. God promises us that if we Seek, we will Find. If we knock, He will open the door. If we Ask, He will answer. Seek, Ask, Knock – find the truth.
 Besides the false prophets, The Lord also spoke against false prophetesses who would prophesy from their own heart. They sewed magic charms to attach to their sleeves and made veils for their heads as they searched for lost spirits. I've read different views on this, so this is my take on it. Read it for yourself and ask God to give you discernment. I believe there are many lessons and many layers to scripture, so maybe there is another message for you written within the words.
 Of course, the first thing we think of is fortune tellers, sorcerers, witches and such. This may be true, but I think these woman were hidden and blended among the Holy people. They seemed like holy godly woman. They claimed to hear from the Lord. Scripture is clear that magic and sorcery is a sin, but these women mixed it up so you couldn't tell Holy from evil. It was mixed. Does the bible say we can't sew something on our sleeve? Uhhh no. Does the bible say we can't wear a veil? Uhhhh, I don't think so. ……and so the lying women deceived the people into using beads, charms, veils and other rituals that caused the people to wander far from God. You see, its key to ask yourself 'Does this honor God or does this take my focus off God?'
 We're safe here, right? Well, I don't know. Do we have magic charms? Crystals? Dream catchers? magic charms on your bracelet? necklace?Idols we hold on to for good luck? You didn't like that one did youoh no, I heard you making excuses for what you had. That's exactly what the people of Israel did. "What's the big deal Lord? It's just a pillow on my sleeve, and so what If I chase after dead souls" yea, dead souls/ spirits they chased after. They searched out for the lost soulsthe wording is different in different scriptures. If this is true, let's look at what they did. They were calling out for people who had died. God said:
 " Why don't you search out for the souls who are living!?!?!?!?! Why don't you save the lives of the souls that are coming to you!?!?!?!!?"
 How would you answer that?
 As the prophets above were referred to as foxes, so the people who came to the prophetesses were their prey to devour and destroy. The Lord said that the lying daughters who prophesied from their own heart had made the hearts of the righteous sad and strengthened the hand of the wicked. "They made the hearts of the righteous sad"
 When we believe and trust in false words our wall of protection is no protection at all. It looks like it, but it's not. Because they listened to false prophets, their protection was gone and now they were prey to their enemy. Believing in wrong teaching is dangerous and detrimental to your eternal life. You decide. Do you want to keep listening and believing everything that sounds so good or will you let God's word pierce your heart and change you. When I watched Billy Graham last week, his words were so powerful. The message of the cross and repent


Monday, September 14, 2009
Charters, Tuition Tax Credits, and Questionable Practices
Throw together charter schools, Arizona's notoriously corrupt tuition tax credit program, spin-off private nonprofits, and - viola! - we have ourselves yet another head-shaking story. It appears as though a few charters have taken lessons from Wall Street-type financial wizards; the Libertarian/Right-wing wackos at the Goldwater Institute, as you can read in the story, seem to have no problem with this extremely loose regulation. From the Arizona Republic:
Charter schools tapping into private dollars
A half-dozen Arizona public-charter-school operators have found a way to dip into a state tax credit program intended to help parents pay tuition at private schools.
An Arizona Republic investigation found that since 2001, the financing method has provided the charter schools nearly $600,000, most of it in the past three years.
The credit, which gives taxpayers a dollar-for-dollar tax break for donating to private schools, was created to enable public-school students to switch to a private school. That would foster more competition among all schools and save the state money, proponents said.But the unusual way that some charter schools are tapping the tax credit does not meet those goals.
The practice is an example of how the program has operated for a decade under a vaguely written, lightly enforced law that allows schools to use the donations in ways other than what lawmakers intended.
The Republic found that five of the charter schools, which are privately owned but state-funded, justified getting the tax-credit donations by spinning off the afternoon half of their full-day kindergarten into a private non-profit or just designated the afternoon half as a private service.
The schools used their state education funds to pay for morning kindergarten and other classes such as first through sixth grade, which are a part of their public school.
So a child attending full-day kindergarten spends the morning in public school and the afternoon in private school.
The five schools also received state funding for full-day kindergarten. That meant they were effectively double dipping.
The state, however, does allow both district and charter schools to opt to offer only a half day of kindergarten and use part of its funding for full-day kindergarten for other operations.
One other charter school uses the donations not for kindergarten but to fund after-school and summer programs, which are not specified in the tax-credit law as a qualified school.
Three of the schools set up a school-tuition organization, a type of non-profit that collects and distributes tax-credit donations for private-school tuition. The three tuition organizations directed nearly 60 percent to their own schools, state records show.
"Is it the intent of the law? No," attorney Clint Bolick of the Goldwater Institute, who helped establish Arizona's private-school tax-credit law, said of the half-day kindergarten spinoffs. "Is it permissible under the law? I think they could meet the criteria."
Several public-school officials contacted for the story said they had never heard of the innovative financing. Bolick said unless the law changes, a move he supports, any of Arizona's nearly 1,900 public schools could tap the tax-credit cash by incorporating part of their campus or operation as a private school.
Bolick is pushing the Legislature to rewrite the law to provide for better controls. Bolick wants lawmakers to close loopholes that compromise the law's original intent, including those that allow public charter schools to collect private tax-credit cash.
A Republic investigation into school-tuition organizations, published in August, also found that many parents swap private tax-credit donations: Two parents agree to earmark their gifts for each other's children, avoiding a ban against donating the money to your own child. Also, much of the tax-credit money aids affluent families, not the poor as originally intended.
State lawmakers have formed a task force to review the tax credit in the wake of reports of possible abuses.
"You learn from experience, and enterprising folks are certainly going to look for ways to find sources of revenue," Bolick said. "But the critical thing is, critical to the integrity of the program, is making changes when you discover problems."
Some school officials see a benefit in the broader application of the law.
Nicholas Sofka runs a 61-student K-6 charter school in Tucson, Highland Free School. He created a separate non-profit to run before-school care, after-school programs and summer school.
Sofka also created a school-tuition organization, Alternative Schools Scholarship Fund, which provides the money for the before-, afterand summer-school programs. From 2003 to 2008, Alternative Schools collected $78,241 in donations from parents, former students and school supporters, 80 percent of which went to his school for defraying parents' fees for the summer-school and other programs.
"You have to generate money to pay teachers, to pay for utilities, to pay for supplies," Sofka said in describing the challenges charter-school owners face.
"How can they stop me?" he asked. "We're doing everything lawful."
Publicly funded
Charter schools do not qualify for tuition-tax-credit funds for private schools because they are publicly funded schools. They receive an average $7,332 per student in state education funds.
Like district schools, charter schools also receive funding such as federal funds for special-needs and low-income students and special sales-tax money for public schools. The schools also can receive public-school tax-credit donations from parents - up to $400 a year per family - to help fund extracurricular activities. They also get technology and tutoring grants.
Despite the aid, charter-school owners say the extra tax-credit cash allows them to improve the quality of their programs and reduce the cost to parents. Some owners say operating their public schools and private programs side by side, and running their own school-tuition organizations, is legal and just good business.
Georganna Meyer, chief economist for the Arizona Department of Revenue, said the law does not prohibit charter schools from creating private kindergarten programs, even for half the day, to take advantage of private-school tax-credit donations.
The law does suggest a school must charge tuition in order for its students to receive tax-credit money from a tuition group. The reason is the law defines tuition organizations as non-profits that give scholarships or tuition grants to students.
"I struggle with this," Meyer said, "but when they tell me this is for kindergarten and they charge tuition, then I don't see any way I can say that doesn't work."
Tuition money
Most private schools charge tuition, and students wanting private tax-credit scholarships must submit applications to the school or a tuition organization.
But a few schools dispense the money in a way that suggests it is being used as direct funding for the program, not for individual scholarships.
Tammy Whiting runs a Mesa charter-school group that has two schools, each with a half day of privatized kindergarten. Whiting's schools don't charge tuition, so her Montessori Centre School Tuition Organization doesn't take applications for scholarships at the school. Instead, the money received is a direct revenue source that pays for operating the second half of the kindergarten day, Whiting said. Whiting's tuition organization keeps 10 percent of the donations, the legal maximum, to help pay for the school's office administrator.
Since 2000, her tuition organization has collected $330,029 from the schools' parents, and Whiting has used 68 percent, or $224,294, to pay for the charter schools' operation of the half-day kindergarten.
"If the ability to use this money in this capacity was questioned now, I would give this money to someone else to make sure they got educated," Whiting said.
Sofka, who runs Highland Free School, said money from his tuition organization reduces all students' tuition for his school's summer school and his beforeand after-school programs. Parents pay $160 a month for the afteror before-school program instead of the actual cost of $260, he said. Sofka said his "liberal" application process for the tuition money allows all of his parents to get the discounted tuition.
The tax-credit law does not specify afteror before-school or summer school students as eligible for tax-credit money. A qualified school is a "nongovernmental primary school orsecondary school" or "a preschool for handicapped students."
Putting a stop to it
At least three charter schools that have funded a half day of kindergarten with private tax-credit money say they have stopped or will stop.
One of the main reasons two of the schools cite is that the state began funding full-day kindergarten in 2006-07. The other school said it became too hard to keep the tax-credit money separate from other funds.
From 2000 to 2008, Valley-based Montessori Day Public Schools Chartered used private-school tax-credit money to help parents pay for the second half of kindergarten. The scholarship money came through Foundation for Montessori Scholarships, a school tuition organization. Richard Mayo, secretary and treasurer of the tuition organization, also is an administrator for Montessori Day Public Schools Chartered, which operates the kindergartens.
About 35 percent, or $129,990, of the money collected by the tuition organization went to help parents pay for afternoon kindergarten. Mayo said the foundation will no longer give tax-credit money to Montessori Day to help fund a full-day kindergarten program because of the increased state funding for full-day kindergarten. Instead, any available money will be sent to other private schools.
Hermosa Montessori Charter School in Tucson received $88,619 in tax-credit money for the second half of its kindergarten day but stopped when the state began paying for a full day, Superintendent Sheila Stolov


Remotely lock a child's tablet or phone using DinnerTime app
Meal times can often turn into a refuelling mission for the family while everyone focuses on their gadgets and not each other. The DinnerTime app was built to fix that issue and help families spend more time together by allowing parent's to lock their children's gadgets.
The DinnerTime app allows a parent to remotely lock and unlock up to two children's Android phones or tablets. Parents can set a dinner time so the devices will automatically lock up during the meal time.
The more advanced DinnerTime Plus app allows time limits to be set on devices, usage reporting, and even the ability to disallow certain apps.
Richard Sah, co-founder of DinnerTime, explains: "I've noticed that my children find technology to be addictive at times, playing games or watching videos on their tablets or phones, and are easily distracted by their devices at dinner time and bed time. This gave me the idea for DinnerTime, as I wanted to create something that could help my children focus on other activities, and we could enjoy quality time together."
The DinnerTime app includes a countdown clock so the children are aware of when the device will be available again. So a bit like "yard time" in prison then. Will it be easier than simply telling your child to put down the gadget and sit at the table? It's out right now so if you give it a try let us know.
READ: Apple offers refunds to parents who have been stung by kids' in-app purchases, here's how to apply


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A Brain System for Procedural Memory
Researchers have divided procedural memory into two general types. One type involves the acquisition of habits and skills, the capacity for a very broad variety of stereotyped and unconscious behavioral repertoires. The other type of procedural memory involves specific sensory-to-motor adaptations, that is, adjustments of reflexes, such as changing the force exerted to compensate for a new load, or acquisition of conditioned reflexes that involve novel motor responses to a new sensory contingency. This chapter analyzes the brain systems that support these two types of unconscious learning. It shows that procedural learning is mediated by a complex circuitry involving the motor cortical areas and two main subcortical loops, one through the striatum and another through the cerebellum.
Oxford Scholarship Online requires a subscription or purchase to access the full text of books within the service. Public users can however freely search the site and view the abstracts and keywords for each book and chapter.
If you think you should have access to this title, please contact your librarian.


Ask Alex: Snakes' mystery revealed
-A A +A
By Alexander Castillo
Editor's note: In an effort to answer questions that have nagged mankind for eons, Teen Pulse staffer, Alexander Castillo has volunteered to proffer up some answers.
After spending some time on the Google and the Yahoos while at the same time Binging this question to heck, I have discovered the answer. Would you like to know the answer? Of course you would. This is a question God barely knows the answer to.
He told the snakes to be, and they were. They had to figure out how drain their bodily fluids all on their own. Needless to say, these snakes were hesitant to divulge their methods of waste expulsion. This only makes sense though. No one likes to be questioned about their bathroom habits.
Also snakes can't talk. Though I hardly think anyone volunteered to be the one to grab a long slithering fanged poisonous creature and search for a relief orifice.
Someone did volunteer though. They got their masters in finding these tender regions on snakes. In reality Herpetologists study all parts of snakes and all reptiles.
I had my money on the profession being called "snakology" but apparently Wikipedia believes "Herpetology" is the correct term. Anesthesiology is the practice of anesthesia, psychology is the study of the human psyche, and herpetology is most certainly not the study of "herps". Don't ask me. One difficult question to answer is enough for today.
All reptiles and birds, including snakes, have a single opening call the vent or cloaca where all waste is excreted together. Can you imagine excreting both solid and liquid wastes from the same outlet?
I suppose that does happen on occasion but only after a very unfortunate visit to certain fast food restaurant in Española. However, snakes do not actually pee like humans.
That does seem somewhat obvious. Of course a snake can't stand up and close one eye to see if they can make it in the bowl with no depth perception. But in fact, snakes only excrete uric acid.
Excreting uric acid is more efficient than urinating because less water is wasted when excreting wastes. Both ugly and efficient, snakes are like the Prius of nature.
Send your questions to Alexander at _EMAIL_. Those that are chosen will be answered in this column.


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shock tube, shock interaction, high enthalpy gas, ceria, nitrogen-doped, surface reaction
Strong shock wave interactions with ceramic material ceria (CeO2) in presence of O2 and N2 gases were investigated using free piston driven shock tube (FPST). FPST is used to heat the test gas to very high temperature of about 6800–7700 K (estimated) at pressure of about 6.8–7.2 MPa for short duration (2–4 ms) behind the reflected shock wave. Ceria is subjected to super heating and cooling at the rate of about 106 K/s. Characterization of CeO2 sample was done before and after exposure to shock heated test gases (O2 and N2). The surface composition, crystal structure, electronic structure and surface morphology of CeO2 ceramic were examined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Results obtained from the experimental investigations show that CeO2 can withstand high pressure accompanied by thermal shock without changing its crystal structure. Reducible CeO2 releases lattice oxygen making it possible to shift between reduced and oxidized states upon the interaction with shock heated gas. Due to such reaction mechanism, CeO2 ceramic undergoes nitrogen doping with decrease in lattice parameter. Investigations reveal that CeO2 retains its crystal structure during strong shock interaction, even at elevated pressure.
Tsinghua University Press
Vishakantaiah JAYARAM, Asha GUPTA, K. P. J. REDDY. Investigation of strong shock wave interactions with CeO2 ceramic. Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2014, 3(4): 297-305.


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Demand Sensing imports fresh daily demand data, immediately senses demand signal changes compared to a detailed statistical demand pattern, and evaluates the statistical significance of the change. It analyzes partial period actual demand to perform automatic short-term forecast adjustments using probabilistic pattern recognition and predictive analytics. Pattern recognition automatically detects a pattern in replenishment orders to improve short-term forecast accuracy. Advanced statistical analytics identify and rapidly react to replenishment issues or sudden changes in customer demand.
ToolsGroup's Demand Sensing can analyze the demand signal from:
 - the next downstream step in your demand chain, such as at a Ship-To store or warehouse
 - POS data or EDI transactions, expanding the ability to sense the extended supply chain
 - more advanced sources of unstructured "big data" in Demand Signal Repositories (DSRs), such as macroeconomic trends, social media and customer web behaviour.
Companies can now manage the entire process from demand signal capture, both from structured and unstructured sources, to short-term and long-term forecasting, for increased sales revenue and decreased inventory costs.
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This page explains what first ionisation energy is, and then looks at the way it varies around the Periodic Table - across periods and down groups. It assumes that you know about simple atomic orbitals, and can write electronic structures for simple atoms. You will find a link at the bottom of the page to a similar description of successive ionisation energies (second, third and so on).
Important! If you aren't reasonable happy about atomic orbitals and electronic structures you should follow these links before you go any further.
Defining first ionisation energy
The first ionisation energy is the energy required to remove one mole of the most loosely held electrons from one mole of gaseous atoms to produce 1 mole of gaseous ions each with a charge of 1+.
This is more easily seen in symbol terms.
It is the energy needed to carry out this change per mole of X.
Worried about moles? Don't be! For now, just take it as a measure of a particular amount of a substance. It isn't worth worrying about at the moment.
Things to notice about the equation
The state symbols - (g) - are essential. When you are talking about ionisation energies, everything must be present in the gas state.
Ionisation energies are measured in kJ mol-1 (kilojoules per mole). They vary in size from 381 (which you would consider very low) up to 2370 (which is very high).
All elements have a first ionisation energy - even atoms which don't form positive ions in test tubes. The reason that helium (1st I.E. = 2370 kJ mol-1) doesn't normally form a positive ion is because of the huge amount of energy that would be needed to remove one of its electrons.
Patterns of first ionisation energies in the Periodic Table
The first 20 elements
First ionisation energy shows periodicity. That means that it varies in a repetitive way as you move through the Periodic Table. For example, look at the pattern from Li to Ne, and then compare it with the identical pattern from Na to Ar.
These variations in first ionisation energy can all be explained in terms of the structures of the atoms involved.
Factors affecting the size of ionisation energy
Ionisation energy is a measure of the energy needed to pull a particular electron away from the attraction of the nucleus. A high value of ionisation energy shows a high attraction between the electron and the nucleus.
The size of that attraction will be governed by:
The charge on the nucleus.
The more protons there are in the nucleus, the more positively charged the nucleus is, and the more strongly electrons are attracted to it.
The distance of the electron from the nucleus.
Attraction falls off very rapidly with distance. An electron close to the nucleus will be much more strongly attracted than one further away.
The number of electrons between the outer electrons and the nucleus.
Consider a sodium atom, with the electronic structure 2,8,1. (There's no reason why you can't use this notation if it's useful!)
If the outer electron looks in towards the nucleus, it doesn't see the nucleus sharply. Between it and the nucleus there are the two layers of electrons in the first and second levels. The 11 protons in the sodium's nucleus have their effect cut down by the 10 inner electrons. The outer electron therefore only feels a net pull of approximately 1+ from the centre. This lessening of the pull of the nucleus by inner electrons is known as screening or shielding.
Warning! Electrons don't, of course, "look in" towards the nucleus - and they don't "see" anything either! But there's no reason why you can't imagine it in these terms if it helps you to visualise what's happening. Just don't use these terms in an exam! You may get an examiner who is upset by this sort of loose language.
Whether the electron is on its own in an orbital or paired with another electron.
Two electrons in the same orbital experience a bit of repulsion from each other. This offsets the attraction of the nucleus, so that paired electrons are removed rather more easily than you might expect.
Explaining the pattern in the first few elements
Hydrogen has an electronic structure of 1s1. It is a very small atom, and the single electron is close to the nucleus and therefore strongly attracted. There are no electrons screening it from the nucleus and so the ionisation energy is high (1310 kJ mol-1).
Helium has a structure 1s2. The electron is being removed from the same orbital as in hydrogen's case. It is close to the nucleus and unscreened. The value of the ionisation energy (2370 kJ mol-1) is much higher than hydrogen, because the nucleus now has 2 protons attracting the electrons instead of 1.
Lithium is 1s22s1. Its outer electron is in the second energy level, much more distant from the nucleus. You might argue that that would be offset by the additional proton in the nucleus, but the electron doesn't feel the full pull of the nucleus - it is screened by the 1s2 electrons.
You can think of the electron as feeling a net 1+ pull from the centre (3 protons offset by the two 1s2 electrons).
If you compare lithium with hydrogen (instead of with helium), the hydrogen's electron also feels a 1+ pull from the nucleus, but the distance is much greater with lithium. Lithium's first ionisation energy drops to 519 kJ mol-1 whereas hydrogen's is 1310 kJ mol-1.
The patterns in periods 2 and 3
Talking through the next 17 atoms one at a time would take ages. We can do it much more neatly by explaining the main trends in these periods, and then accounting for the exceptions to these trends.
The first thing to realise is that the patterns in the two periods are identical - the difference being that the ionisation energies in period 3 are all lower than those in period 2.
Explaining the general trend across periods 2 and 3
The general trend is for ionisation energies to increase across a period.
In the whole of period 2, the outer electrons are in 2-level orbitals - 2s or 2p. These are all the same sort of distances from the nucleus, and are screened by the same 1s2 electrons.
The major difference is the increasing number of protons in the nucleus as you go from lithium to neon. That causes greater attraction between the nucleus and the electrons and so increases the ionisation energies. In fact the increasing nuclear charge also drags the outer electrons in closer to the nucleus. That increases ionisation energies still more as you go across the period.
Note: Factors affecting atomic radius are covered on a separate page.
In period 3, the trend is exactly the same. This time, all the electrons being removed are in the third level and are screened by the 1s22s22p6 electrons. They all have the same sort of environment, but there is an increasing nuclear charge.
Why the drop between groups 2 and 3 (Be-B and Mg-Al)?
The explanation lies with the structures of boron and aluminium. The outer electron is removed more easily from these atoms than the general trend in their period would suggest.
You might expect the boron value to be more than the beryllium value because of the extra proton. Offsetting that is the fact that boron's outer electron is in a 2p orbital rather than a 2s. 2p orbitals have a slightly higher energy than the 2s orbital, and the electron is, on average, to be found further from the nucleus. This has two effects.
The explanation for the drop between magnesium and aluminium is the same, except that everything is happening at the 3-level rather than the 2-level.
The 3p electron in aluminium is slightly more distant from the nucleus than the 3s, and partially screened by the 3s2 electrons as well as the inner electrons. Both of these factors offset the effect of the extra proton.
Warning! You might possibly come across a text book which describes the drop between group 2 and group 3 by saying that a full s2 orbital is in some way especially stable and that makes the electron more difficult to remove. In other words, that the fluctuation is because the group 2 value for ionisation energy is abnormally high. This is quite simply wrong! The reason for the fluctuation is because the group 3 value is lower than you might expect for the reasons we've looked at.
Why the drop between groups 5 and 6 (N-O and P-S)?
Once again, you might expect the ionisation energy of the group 6 element to be higher than that of group 5 because of the extra proton. What is offsetting it this time?
The screening is identical (from the 1s2 and, to some extent, from the 2s2 electrons), and the electron is being removed from an identical orbital.
The difference is that in the oxygen case the electron being removed is one of the 2px2 pair. The repulsion between the two electrons in the same orbital means that the electron is easier to remove than it would otherwise be.
The drop in ionisation energy at sulphur is accounted for in the same way.
Note: After oxygen or sulphur, the ionisation energies of the next two elements increase because of the additional protons. Everything else is the same - the type of orbital that the new electron is going into, the screening, and the fact


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In the presented study an analysis of the irrigation regime (IR) and the obtained yield from the economic point of view was done, i.e. whether the applied irrigation regime was economically reasonable or not. The most important indicators characterizing the economic efficiency in celery production are: production (kg), production costs (lv), rate of profitability (%), production cost (lv/kg) and profit (lv/ha). The experiment was carried out in several variants under disturbed irrigation regime during 2010-2012 in the region of Plovdiv. From the economic point of view it is recommended celery to be grown under irrigation conditions and the irrigation application to be 130% ofm (optimal irrigation rate). The obtained production cost for that variant was the lowest – 0.60(lv/kg). The reduction of the irrigation rates was not profitable because with the reduction not much money could be saved. The obtained yield was vastly reduced and hence the profit per hectare as well. The profit earned under non-irrigated conditions was even negative – an amount equal to 2/3 of the spent production costs.
Celery – a profitable crop under irrigation


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Raychem MWTM Medium Wall Heat Shrink Tubing with Adhesive Inner.
Insulating and sealing systems for power cables have to perform to a range of exacting requirements; to be uneffected by years of weathering and ultra-violet light, to stand up to continuous temperature changes, to keep out moisture and corrosive liquids for a generation, to be immune to oils and solvents and to combine lasting insulating properties with low weight, toughness, impact strength and flexibility.
To meet these demands, Raychem developed MWTM, a heat shrinkable medium-wall tubing now in widespread use in terminations, joints and cable repairs throughout the world.
- Seals and protects cable splices and terminations.
- High resitance to impact and abrasion.
- Optional thermoplastic adhesive liner for complete environmental protection and insulation.
- Continuous Operating Temperature: -40°C to 120°C.
- Shrink Temperature: 120°C.
- 3:1 shrink ratio.
- UV Resistant
- Voltage Class 1kV
- Halogen Free


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Biblical Numerology
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Biblical numerology is based on the idea that each individual is associated with a Biblical number. The characteristic features and different personality traits of an individual are influenced much by the Biblical number he/she is associated with. The association between individuals and Biblical numbers is based on the name numerology principles, according to which each alphabet in a name carries a particular numerological value.
To know the biblical number associated with you, you need to get a Biblical numerology reading. The Biblical numerology analysis not only discovers your Biblical number but also the Biblical keyword corresponding with your Biblical number. Since each Biblical number is associated with a Biblical keyword, every individual has at least one Biblical keyword associated with him/her. Biblical keyword, as found through Biblical numerology calculation, reflects the personality and tendencies of the native.
You must now have a comprehensive idea about what a Biblical numerology reading will offer you. You will know the Biblical number and the Biblical keyword associated with you on the basis of your name numerology. You will get to know your personality traits. You will also be given a number or verse numbers which relate to your life either directly or indirectly. Such verses help you find the significance of your life.
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Fall 12-6-2019
This paper reported a scientific approach adopting microwave-assisted synthesis as a synthetic route for preparing highly active palladium nanoparticles stabilized by polyvinylpyrrolidone (Pd/PVP) and supported on reduced Gra-phene oxide (rGO) as a highly active catalyst used for Suzuki, Heck, and Sonogashira cross coupling reactions with remarkable turnover number (6500) and turnover frequency of 78000 h-1. Pd/PVP nanoparticles supported on re-duced Graphene oxide nanosheets (Pd-PVP/rGO) showed an outstanding performance through high catalytic activ-ity towards cross coupling reactions. A simple, reproducible, and reliable method was used to prepare this efficient catalyst using microwave irradiation synthetic conditions. The synthesis approach requires simultaneous reduc-tion of palladium and in the presence of Gaphene oxide (GO) nanosheets using ethylene glycol as a solvent and al-so as a strong reducing agent. The highly active and recyclable catalyst has so many advantages including the use of mild reaction conditions, short reaction times in an environmentally benign solvent system. Moreover, the pre-pared catalyst could be recycled for up to five times with nearly the same high catalytic activity. Furthermore, the high catalytic activity and recyclability of the prepared catalyst are due to the strong catalyst-support interaction. The defect sites in the reduced Graphene oxide (rGO) act as nucleation centers that enable anchoring of both Pd/PVP nanoparticles and hence, minimize the possibility of agglomeration which leads to a severe decrease in the catalytic activity.