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Effect of cariporide on ram sperm pH regulation and motility: possible role of NHE1
Sperm motility, a feature essential for in vivo fertilization, is influenced by intracellular pH (pHi) homeostasis. Several mechanisms are involved in pHi regulation, among which sodium–hydrogen exchangers (NHEs), a family of integral transmembrane proteins that catalyze the exchange of Na+ for H+ across lipid bilayers. A preliminary characterization of NHE activity and kinetic parameters, followed by analysis of the expression and localization of the protein in ram spermatozoa was performed. NHE activity showed an apparent K m for external Na+ of 17.61 mM. Immunoblotting revealed a molecular mass of 85 kDa. Immunolocalization pattern showed some species-specific aspects, such as positive labeling at the equatorial region of the sperm head. Cariporide, a selective NHE1 inhibitor, significantly reduced pHi recovery (85%). Similarly, exposure to cariporide significantly inhibited different motility parameters, including those related to sperm capacitation. In vitro fertilization (IVF) was not affected by cariporide, possibly due to the non-dramatic, although significant, drop in motility and velocity parameters or due to prolonged exposure during IVF, which may have caused progressive loss of its inhibitory effect. In conclusion, this is the first study documenting, in a large animal model (sheep) of well-known translational relevance, a direct functional role of NHE on sperm pHi and motility. The postulated specificity of cariporide toward isoform 1 of the Na+/H+ exchanger seems to suggest that NHE1 may contribute to the observed effects on sperm cell functionality.
Source: The journal of Reproductive Science


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Progressive Counting Within a Phase Model of Trauma-Informed Treatment
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Nonspecific Binding
Pub. Date:
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Clinicians are always looking for an intervention that may be more effective, more efficient, better tolerated by clients, or easier to master. Progressive counting is a significant advance in trauma treatment: a study comparing progressive counting to eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR, the prior leader in trauma treatment efficiency) found progressive counting to be as efficient as EMDR and as well tolerated by clients. Moreover, progressive counting is much simpler to learn and to do properly and is preferred over EMDR by most therapists trained in both. Now that progressive counting has been proven effective and efficient in controlled research, this book is here to show you how to do it.


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Tom Barrett has been sharing his class ideas and tips about using various tools in GoogleDocs presentations for quite a while and I have been collecting them in my bookmarks. He has now put all of them together in his blog. The presentations are in easy to use in their Google docs format and he invites others to share ideas. They are worth looking at/using and, if you have some tips that have not been mentioned, think about contributing.
The latest one I found was Ten Interesting Ways* to Use Audio in your Classroom. We have been doing some work with audio and I recently listened to a discussion on music in the novel, so I am interested in exploring this area some more.
The other presentations are listed below but don't be surprised if the numbers have changed.
- 10 Interesting Ways To Use a Wiki in the Classroom
- 13 Interesting Ways To Use a Visualizer in the Classroom
- 27 Interesting Ways To Use Twitter in the Classroom
- 40 Interesting Ways To Use Wordle in the Classroom
- 40 Interesting Ways To Use Your Pocket Video Camera in the Classroom
- 21 Interesting Ways To Use Google Docs in the Classroom
- 24 Interesting Ways To Use Google Earth in the Classroom
- 23 Interesting Ways To Use a Nintendo DS in the Classroom
- 34 Interesting Ways To Use Search Engines in the Classroom
- 42 Interesting Ways To Use Your Interactive Whiteboard in the Classroom
- 5 Interesting Ways to Use Prezi in the Classroom
- 17 Interesting Ways to Use Voicethread in the Classroom
Still in the early stages are:
- 4 interesting ways to use Wallwisher in the classroom
- 3 interesting ways to support writing in the classroom
- 5 interesting ways to use an iPod touch in the classroom
- 4 interesting ways to use Nintendo Wii in the classroom
- and so far Zero interesting ways to use Google Wave in the classroom
Filed under: audio, Education, Library2.0, tools, Web2.0 Tagged: | camcorder, digital video cameras, flip, Google earth, Google wave, GoogleDocs, IPod, IWB, Nintendo DS, Nintendo Wii, Pocket Camera, Prezi, Search engines, Searching, Tom Barrett, Twitter, voicethread, wiki, Wordle

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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- Exam wrappers. As David Thompson describes the process, "exam wrappers required students to reflect on their performance before and after seeing their graded tests." The first four questions, completed just prior to receiving their graded test, asked students to report the time they spent preparing for the test, their methods of preparation, and their predicted test grade. After reviewing their graded test, students completed the final three reflection questions, including a categorization of test mistakes and a list of changes to implement in preparation for the next test. Thompson then collected and made copies of the wrappers returned them to the students several days later, reminding them to consider what they planned to do differently or the same in preparation for the upcoming test. Thompson reports that each reflection exercise required only 8-10 minutes of class time. Clara Hardy and others also describes uses exam wrappers.
- Reading Reflections. As Karl Wirth writes, reading reflections, effectively outlined by David Bressoud (2008), are designed to address some of the challenges students face with college-level reading assignments. Students submit online reading reflections (e.g., using Moodle or Blackboard) after completing each reading assignment and before coming to class. In each reflection, students summarize the important concepts of the reading and describe what was interesting, surprising, or confusing to them. The reading reflections not only encourage students to read regularly before class, but they also promote content mastery and foster student development of monitoring, self-evaluation, and reflection skills. For the instructor, reading reflections facilitate "just-in-time" teaching and provide invaluable insights into student thinking and learning. According to Wirth, expert readers are skilled at using a wide range of strategies during all phases of reading (e.g., setting goals for learning, monitoring comprehension during reading, checking comprehension, and self-reflection), but most college instruction simply assumes the mastery of such metacognitive skills.
- Knowledge surveys. Many members of the group were influenced by Karl Wirth's work on "knowledge surveys" as a central strategy for helping students think about their thinking. Knowledge surveys involve simple self-reports from students about their knowledge of course concepts and content. In knowledge surveys, students are presented with different facets of course content and are asked to indicate whether they know the answer, know some of the answer, or don't know the answer. Faculty can use these reports to gauge how confident students feel in their understanding of course material at the beginning or end of a course, before exams or papers, or even as graduating seniors or alumni.
Kristin Bonnie's report relates how her students completed a short knowledge survey (6-12 questions) online (via Google forms) on the material covered in class that week. Rather than providing the answer to each question, students indicated their confidence in their ability to answer the question correctly (I know; I think I know; I don't know). Students received a small amount of credit for completing the knowledge survey. She used the information to review material that students seemed to struggle with. In addition, a subset of these questions appeared on their exam – the knowledge survey therefore served as a review sheet.Wirth notes that the surveys need not take much class time and can be administered via paper or the web. The surveys can be significant for clarifying course objectives, structure, and design. For students, knowledge surveys achieve several purposes: they help make clear course objectives and expectations, are useful as study guides, can serve as a formative assessment tool, and, perhaps most critically, aid in their development of self-assessment and metacognitive skills. For instructors, the surveys help them assess learning gains, instructional practices, and course design.


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How to register a marriage in Nigeria
Following is a guideline on how to register a marriage in the Federal Republic of Nigeria under Nigerian law. Please note that Nigerian authorities do not usually require an Australian citizen to provide a Certificate of No Impediment to Marriage (CNI) when registering a marriage.
- Marriage is registered at a local public registry, which requires a Letter of Marriage Intention and payment of a fee of Naira 2,000.
- A person under 18 years of age, who wishes to register a marriage, is required to present a letter of consent from his or her parents.
- The registry will display the Letter of Marriage Intention for 21 days on a public notice board.
- Provided that no objection to the intended marriage is made during the 21 day period, a couple may then register their marriage.
- Birth certificates or official documents showing the ages of the couple are required together with the results of HIV and genotype tests.
- A divorcee must produce a divorce certificate, while a widow or a widower is required to present the death certificate of the late spouse.
- A marriage registrar may witness the exchange of oaths by the couple.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Technicalities of Ghazal III – Digging Deeper
Click on the parts to read the previous articles in this series: Part I, Part II
Now that we know how to weigh the words according to their sounds, it's time to move on and see how we can fit these words in a meter.
Lets start off with the answers to the breakdowns of the words posted at the end of the last part (Thanks Mohib for participating and posting answers for those words):
Word (breakdown) -> weight
duniyaa (dun-yaa) -> 2-2 (did you get that right? did you break it down as du-ni-yaa? More on this later)
mausam (mau-sam) -> 2-2
fazaa (fa-zaa) -> 1-2
gardish (gar-dish) -> 2-2
khoobsoorat (khoo-b-soo-rat) -> 2-1-2-2
Note on weights:
All words do not have a fixed weight. The weight differs according to the way a word is pronounced and this is where the whole point about thinking of words in terms of sounds rather than syllables come in place. Remember in the previous part, I stressed on the fact that you should start thinking of words in terms of sounds and not syllables? I'll show you why this is important now by taking simple words as examples.
Take "aur" as our first word to see how sounds make the weight of the word change. Normally speaking, you would pronounce the word as "au-r", you will see that if you pronounce it slowly and properly, there are two distince sounds in the word "au" and "r". Hence the weight of "aur" would be 2-1 but as you will notice when you move further in the studies of meter, the word "aur" is often used in a place where the required weight of the word is only "2". Why? Well its because the word "aur" can also be pronounced differently. You see, there are two "talaffuz" (or pronounciations) for the word "aur" and they are:
 - - au-r
 - - or (or ur)
When pronounced in the latter way, the word takes the weight 2 only rather than 2-1. Hence depending on how you pronounce the word, you can fit the word in two different places with two different weight requirements. If you are confused at the moment, this will all become clear later on when we jump deeper in the world of Urdu meter but I'm sure that for now, it is clear as to why we should think of the weight of these words in terms of sounds and pronounciations rather than syllables as in English words.
Now that we know more about the weight of words, what's the next step? Lets' take a couplet and break it down to see what meter it is following. We will take a famous sh'er from Ghalib again:
dil-e-naadaaN tujhe huaa kyaa hai
aaKhir is dard ki davaa kyaa hai
Lets break this down slowly, one line at a time and see what meter this couplet is following. (Please note here that the process of finding what meter a ghazal is following is called "taqtee" in Urdu and it usually takes more than one sh'er, in fact a few ash'aar from a ghazal to come up with a consensus, why? because as explained in the case of "aur", some words have flexible weights).
Things to be noticed here dil-e-naadaaN can be broken down this way as well: di-le-naa-daaN. Notice that this breakdown is a better one (IMHO) because when you pronounce "dil-e-naadaaN", its easier to say "di-le" than "dil-e", the flow in pronounciation is much better in the former case so if we keep that in mind, there are actually two breakdowns that can take place for this particular misra of the couplet:
Note on the word "kyaa": the word kyaa can't be broken down in "k-yaa" because of the way it is pronounced. Being a hindi word, you will see that the sound coming from "ka" and "ya" together can not be broken down at all. Similarly, words like "pyaar" or "pyaas" follow the same rule where "pa" and "ya" sound in both of them can't be broken down seperately as it will result in an unnatural pronounciation of the word. You don't say "payaar" or "piyaar" but rather "pyaa-r" and similarly, you can't say "payaas" or "piyaas" but rather "pyaa-s". If you are pronouncing it "piyaas" then you will break the word down as 1-2-1 (pi-yaa-s) which is not an acceptable talaffuz of the word and hence you will be making a mistake. Hence pyaas = 2-1 and pyaar is 2-1 as well. Getting back to our misra in question, based on the two breakdowns, we have two arrangement of sounds for it:
The numbers in parantheses represent a sound that can be flexible depending on its pronounciation. What does that mean, depending on how you pronounce that sound, you can elongate it, make it long, or you can hasten it, making it short. So, right now, until we do the breakdown of the second line, we won't know what the meter is that this couplet is following, lets go on then:
Note on "aakhir-is" vs "aakhi-ris": A word ending in a consonant followed by a word starting in a vowel can virtually be pronounced together. Pronounce them in the way I'm breaking them down and you will see what I mean by that, you can say: "aakhir (pause) is" aur you can say "aakhi-ris" –> see? You have just pronounced these two words in different manner thus changing their weights. In the first case "aakhir-is" the weight would be 2-2-2, while in the second case "aa-khi-ris", the weight would be 2-1-2, so the break down in the first case is:
So far, this is what we have come up with in terms of meter analysis of the first couplet:
 - 1a) 2-1(2)-2-2-1-2(1)-1-2-2-1(2)
 - 1b) 1-1(2)-2-2-1-2(1)-1-2-2-1(2)
 - 2a) 2-1-2-2-1-1(2)-1-2-2-1(2)
 - 2b) 2-2-2-2-1-1(2)-1-2-2-1(2)
We can immediately eliminate 1b as being an option because in the second misra, the first sound is a long sound in both the breakdowns, "aa" is definitely a long sound, hence "dil-e-naadaaN" is most probably broken down as "dil-e-naa-daaN" and not di-le-naa-daaN. We can now have three possible metrical distributions:
Now we are still uncertain about the second sound in this couplet. It can be either 1 or 2 and as there is an uncertanity in the first misra as well, we can't eliminate any of the other possible metrical distributions. Why not have a look at another couplet from the same ghazal and see if we can't thin down the possibilities?
ham haiN mushtaaq aur vo bezaar
yaa ilaahii ye maajraa kyaa hai
Ah! I think we just managed to figure out what the second sound is for sure as in the second misra, the poet used "ilaahi" which breaks down (without a doubt) into 1-2-2
Hence, now we have: 2-1-2-2 as the first part of the meter. We just eliminated 2b as a possibility as well and now we have
 - 1a) 2-1-2-2-1-2(1)-1-2-2-1(2)
Note that we are still uncertain about two sounds in this metrical distribution, the sixth sound can be either short or long and the last sound can be either short or long. Did the second couplet breakdown help? It sure did. Notice that in the sixth sound, the word "aur" was used, according to 1a breakdown, It is either 2(1)-1 at that place and according to 2a breakdown, it is once again either 1(2)-1 at that place. So one thing is for certain, there is a 1 and as "aur" can be broken down as 2-1, it is safe to say that the sound is naturally 2-1 and hence


text: Legal Research and Writing is the students' foundational clinical course and focuses on practice-oriented legal analysis. During this yearlong course students develop the analytic skill set needed by practicing lawyers and desired by legal employers. Students are introduced to fundamentals of legal reasoning, the structure of objective and persuasive arguments, effective written analysis, legal research methods, statutory interpretation, compelling oral advocacy, fact investigation, client counseling, and negotiation. These analytic skills are taught using the clinical method, with the client's perspective firmly in mind and with the students learning by acting as lawyers. By learning how to function as practicing lawyers, students can succeed in their summer jobs, and in their careers when they graduate.


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Drug Interactions With Chlorthalidone
Chlorthalidone Interactions ExplainedThe following sections explain in detail the potentially negative interactions that can occur when chlorthalidone is combined with any of the drugs listed above.
Drinking alcohol while taking chlorthalidone can increase your risk of low blood pressure, especially when sitting or standing up suddenly. Talk with your healthcare provider about combining alcohol with chlorthalidone.
Taking chlorthalidone with a barbiturate can increase your risk of low blood pressure, especially when sitting or standing up suddenly. Talk with your healthcare provider before combining these medications.
Other Blood Pressure Medicines
When taking chlorthalidone with another high blood pressure medication, your blood pressure may decrease too much. In order to decrease the chances of this chlorthalidone interaction, your healthcare provider may monitor you more closely and/or change the dose of either medicine.
Taking chlorthalidone with corticosteroids may increase your risk of low potassium levels (hypokalemia). If you are taking these drugs together, your healthcare provider should check your potassium levels. He or she may also need to take steps to correct it, if needed.
Because chlorthalidone may increase blood sugar levels, your healthcare provider may need to increase your dose of insulin or oral diabetes medication to prevent interactions with chlorthalidone from occurring.
Chlorthalidone should be used with caution in people taking digoxin. The medication can cause low potassium levels (hypokalemia), which can be especially dangerous for people taking digoxin.


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Students learn photography principles at a distance
10:20 a.m., Aug. 6, 2012--Students taking a basic photography course at the University of Delaware this summer were able to complete their classwork and develop their skills from such far-flung locations as Utah, Canada and China.
Distance-learning courses which use online tools to deliver videotaped lectures and to bring students together with one another and their instructor in virtual classrooms are increasingly common at UD and other institutions. But, instructor Jon Cox says, they are rare in the Department of Art, where so many classes focus on studio work.
For the Record, May 24, 2013
"I used email, Skype and text messages to keep in touch with my students on a regular basis," says Cox, who describes his first experience teaching online as "amazing." In addition, he says, "One of the most exciting aspects of this course was that students were handing in images from all over the world."
The traditional version of ART 180, "Photographic Approaches," is normally limited to 30 students, who attend classroom lectures and then complete photography assignments that are later shared and critiqued in class. In the online version, which expanded to include 40 students, students watched Cox's recorded lectures online and took a short, ungraded quiz at the end of each to assess what they had learned. As with other distance-learning classes, students can go back and replay part or all of a lecture to better understand the material.
Assignments included photographing natural settings and portraits, imitating the styles of famous photographers and experimenting with colors and black-and-white images. Student work was posted on the website Cox created for the class, and all members of the class were required to post comments about the work.
"The interaction I had with the students and the participation in discussions was much richer than I had expected," Cox said. In a traditional classroom, he said, a few students often dominate discussions while some others stay silent, but in the online format, he could ensure that everyone commented.
The students, who kept blogs throughout the course, were asked to write about whether they had achieved their goals in taking the class. Many echoed Cox's view that the online format had been beneficial.
"This class really made me think about what creates a great photo … lighting, color or even just the situation," Rachel Harkleroad wrote. "I loved this class even though it was online or maybe because it was online!"
How the class developed
In fall 2011, Cox took part in the UD Online Faculty Fellows program and completed a training course with UD Online program coordinator and instructional designer Jann Sutton. The same semester, he took a graduate course in educational technology and developed the ART 180 online class as his final project, receiving guidance from Fred Hofstetter, professor of education.
Kathleen Pusecker, director of educational assessment, also helped in incorporating student feedback into the class, Cox says.
Article by Ann Manser
Photos courtesy of Jon Cox


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Amazing, Fun & Interesting Facts About Animals
The term animals can be used to inculcate a large amount of creatures. Not confined only to the green jungles but they co-exist with us. We are aware of the existence of some while the rest are just a mystery. They vary in size, variety, and most important of all in possession of unique qualities. Some disgust us, some are adorable, some are our friends but some make us pressurize our brains and surprise us with their uniqueness to such an extent that we feel awed. Here are some amazing & interesting facts about Animals
Interesting Facts About Animals
#1: Maintenance is Essential
As a beaver's teeth never attain maturity, they must constantly nibble on objects to keep them at a manageable length. If not looked after they would eventually make their way into their brain.
#2: Bad Attempt
Humpback whales create the loudest sound of any living creature. And you thought you scream while attempting to win that argument with the jerk, was the loudest that anyone could be. Didn't you?
#3: Communicating Feelings
Pigs connect constantly with one another; more than 20 vocalizations have been identified that pigs use in different situations, from wooing mates to passing on the message of their hungry stomachs.
#4: Advantages of a Long Nose
Elephants can smell water up to 3 miles away, and I thought water was odourless. They are also one of the three mammals that undergo menopause – the other two being humpback whales and human females.
#5: The Immortal Jellyfish
Well, kind of. It is still susceptible to predators but the Turritopsis nutricula jellyfish is extremely good at recreating cells, scientists are putting in their hard work with all the knowledge in their brains to apply it to humans as well and bring about an unparalleled transformation in the human world too.
#6: Humpback Whales 'Pop' Tunes
It turns out; mating tunes evolves and spreads over a large population of whales. As per many scientists it's like going viral underwater because never before such a wide population-wide cultural exchange has taken place in any other species other than humans, on such a broad scale.
#7: Penguin's Style of Making Love
One of the very interesting facts about animals is that they too fall in love like human beings. Gentoo penguins have got a unique style of proposing their lifemates, they propose their lover with a pebble. It is often seen in the breeding season of penguins.
#8: Being lazy
A bald eagle's nest was found that had been used for a time period as long as 34 years, weighing over two tons, and we are always busy blaming the pandas for being the laziest.
#9: Benefits of Keeping Patience
Species entitled as Cryptoses choloepi, Bradipodicola hahneli, Cryptoses rufipictus, Cryptoses waagei and Bradyphila garbei, unheard of by a majority of us are very convenient moths that take residence in the fur of a sloth as algae covers it due to their slowness. This can be referred to as one of the best advantages taken of someone's patience. These moths are referred to as "Slothmoths".
#10: Being African
A majority of 6 feet tall men and women have been giving a competition against the South African earthworms that is capable of growing as large as 22 feet long, with the average length being about 6 feet long.


10 Steps To An Effective Manufacturing Operations Management Strategy
10 Steps To An Effective Manufacturing Operations Management Strategy
Overcoming the challenges of making company-wide manufacturing operations more customer driven needs to start with a clear definition of what success looks like.
 - Having accurate, real-time production visibility improves product quality, order accuracy and customer satisfaction while driving down manufacturing costs at the plant level.
 - Keeping manufacturing operations across all locations focused on a common set of goals improves gross margins, reducing the total cost per unit while improving on-time order delivery and perfect order performance.
 - The era of Manufacturing Intelligence has arrived, fueled by data from Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES), with manufacturing operations management strategies accelerating adoption company-wide.
 - Improving product quality, reducing cycle times, automating manual workflows and streamlining plant floor operations are a few of the many benefits of adopting a company-wide manufacturing operations management strategy.
Defining the strategic goal of having all production centers contributing to a series of company-wide lean manufacturing, supply chain, quality, and production, service and customer satisfaction goals galvanize diverse production locations together.
Instead of having to rely on many different, disconnected systems to manage diverse production locations to a common set of goals, manufacturers are adopting company-wide Manufacturing Execution Management (MES) systems.
Planning and scheduling, quality management, inventory optimization, tooling management, preventative and predictive maintenance, and Manufacturing Intelligence are the core functional areas included in an MES today.
Meeting Customer Expectations Of Real-Time Responsiveness And Quality
Across all selling and service channels customers expect real-time responses to their questions in addition to product quality that is world class. How well a manufacturer meets or exceeds these expectations will have as big impact on their future growth opportunities. That's why having a scalable, secure manufacturing operations management strategy in place is key to future growth.
The core components of this strategy are available in an MES. They need to be orchestrated to excel in the context of a given manufacturer's unique challenges. While each manufacturer's operations strategies and challenges are different, many share the following:
 - Increasing company-wide production efficiency across all plant locations from the production team to the location level while reducing costs.
 - Making quality a core part of production operations with each plant making contributions to overarching quality goals instead of allowing it to be a siloed function.
 - Achieving real-time supply chain, order management and production performance visibility across all manufacturing operations.
 - Excelling at data collection to the machine, team and plant level including piloting Internet of Things (IoT) as a means to capture data in real-time.
 - Defining manufacturing operations analytics that encompasses all production centers and provides updates on Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) and Manufacturing Intelligence.
10 Steps To Defining An Effective Manufacturing Operations Management Strategy
Increasing customer trust, making on-time order shipments, earning a reputation for high-quality products, achieving traceability, and optimizing production scheduling are all achievable with manufacturing operations management strategies. The following ten steps serve as a guideline for getting started:
1. Select an underperforming product line as the basis for a pilot to define a manufacturing operations framework.
The worst-performing product lines often have multiple problems, from lack of customer awareness and sales to production scheduling, quality, traceability challenges or fulfillment problems. With an underperforming product it will also be easier to capture the factors contributing to its turnaround.
2. Define a common set of metrics and KPIs that can scale across all manufacturing operations and create a useful dashboard.
Resist the tendency to add in dozens of metrics and KPIs. Instead, concentrate only on the most relevant to streamlining manufacturing operations. Consider creating a roadmap of the most relevant metrics and KPIs that need to be added in the future once additional data collection systems and processes are in place.
3. Define how the MES will capture machine-level data including equipment utilization and key process parameters.
The goal of this step is to capture machine-level data that can be used for calculating Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) and the additional metrics and KPIs on the dashboard. Process-related parameters at the machine level also need to be captured and aggregated to the work center and plant level.
These metrics will be used over time to calculate machine or asset utilization value. This data will also be used for defining analytics that monitors machine performance against set limits.
4. For purposes of the pilot, enable older machines with PLCs and add-on sensors.
Using a PLC Controller and sensor on older machines is commonly done in the first series of steps in a pilot to provide 100% visibility across an entire plant floor. Gaining data from older machines could provide insights into how the product could potentially be redesigned for more efficient manufacturing too.
5. Define and test all the system integration links necessary to capture the metrics and KPIs needed for the dashboard.
Create and test the real-time integration links that will power the dashboard. Then make the dashboard live on a company Intranet site just to the cross-functional team members. It's a good idea also to think ahead on which future metrics and KPIs could be included, for example traceability, inbound inspection and measures of corrective action/preventative action (CAPA) during this integration test phase.
6. Gain senior management support by having a VP or C-level executive lead the cross-functional team responsible for fine-tuning the manufacturing operations strategy.
Making change management work starts with a senior executive being on the team to remove organizational and technical issues that block progress. Senior executives who evangelize manufacturing operations management strategies improve the odds of these initiatives' success by 75% or more based on Boston Consulting Group studies of IT change management.
7. Cross-functional team members need to provide data on how their specific areas are working to improve the pilot products' performance at every meeting.
Providing an overview of the pipeline along with incentives and any special promotions needs to be the focus of marketing and sales. Quality needs to cover any blocking issues or challenges, and manufacturing operations, the overall effectiveness of the strategy. Finance can provide insights into how any shifts in production strategy as a result of the data have improved gross margins. In short every team member needs to provide insights that can help determine how best to improve product performance.
8. Use pilot data to begin a company-wide Manufacturing Intelligence strategy.
The foundation of any solid manufacturing operations management strategy is real-time, accurate, reliable data. Once an MES is providing data at a constant rate, it's best to move beyond the basics and introduce Manufacturing Intelligence into the operations management strategy framework. Adding in predictive analytics ability that can interpret and provide recommendations on quality data is invaluable for improving operations.
9. Start planning for greater integration between ERP and MES to provide financial insights into manufacturing operations.
Translating what's happening on the shop floor into financial metrics will drive C-level executives' dashboards once the manufacturing operations management strategy gets going. Getting real-time integration enabled between accounting and MES will provide financial insights that can guide further strategies for improving manufacturing performance.
10. Conclude the pilot and define a timeline for the company-wide launch of a manufacturing operations strategy based on the insights gained.
With the MES providing the data for the dashboard and a member of the senior management team owning the manufacturing operations management strategy, there is a very good chance of success. With the pilot completed, scaling the operations management strategy to every plant will go more smoothly based on the lessons learned.
Real-time manufacturing data to increase visibility and shop floor control
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(2) Since the Pedal of the choir organ is quite limited, is it possible to write the score on 2 staves?
(1) Are complete and specific registration indications required, or
would general dynamic and timbre indications be acceptable?
Complete registrations indications are not required, since this will be the organist work. What you can do is indicate general dynamics, provided they are specific to Saint-Sulpice great organ.
(2) How should the separate parts to the singers be sent? Will each part have the organ part or only on stave for the respective soloist?
Other candidates have sent the entire score (organ + voices), and separate voices parts (without the organ part).
(1) Is it allowed to also send an audio recording of the piece I've composed?
You can send a recording of your piece, however, and since such recording is not requested under the competition rules, it will not be transmitted to the jury for evaluation of your piece.
(1+2) Is the 7 minute time limit a firm limit, or would a 9-10 minute
piece be acceptable?
The 7 min limit is not firm in the meaning that the jury will accept that the piece takes a little longer to be interpreted during the finale (church accoustic parameter, interpretation), for instance 8 min' would be OK.
But, for equality reasons this will not be fair towards other candidates to have a 9-10 min long piece.
(1) Although the score must be anonymous, can we still indicate a title?
Yes, it will be taken into account by the jury for its evaluation of the work.
(2) Does the definition "sacred text" include only texts of the Roman Catholic liturgy? Why did you reduce it to Latin and French?
As you have noticed, we have chosen a broad and open definition of texts that can be proposed, without specifying any particular religion. However, we have imposed a "sacred" text, because the final will take place in a church.
Regarding the language, we need to restrict to Latin and French because of the singers and the rehearsal time planned and budgeted by the Sequenza vocal ensemble.
As the organizer of the competition, AROSS does not have to position itself on the sanctity of a particular text. It will be up to the jury to appreciate this point, along with the musical interest of the play as a whole.
(2) Is it possible to quote another theme, for example a Gregorian melody, in the choir & organ piece?
(1) Is it possible to play glissandi on the keyboards of the great organ?
Sure. On the following link, you can hear a fine example in Rolande Falcinelli's Gloria from the Mystère de la Sainte-Messe at 10min53: _URL_
The glissando can't be played much faster than Yves Castagnet does, if you want all the notes to have time to sound properly.
(2) How does the "Cor anglais" on the choir organ "Récit" keyboard sound?
The Cor anglais sound like a kind of Oboe, with a more relatively "round" sound.
(2) Regarding the "Cor anglais" on the Récit keyboard of the choir organ, is this stop included on the "Appel Anches Récit", or does it act like a foundation? What about the "Grand orgue" keyboard?
On the choir organ, there is no "Appel Anches Récit", all the stops of the Récit are on the same "laye". There is only an "Appel Trompette Récit" pedal.
On the "Grand orgue" keyboard, there is a "laye des anches" with Octave 4, Flute harmonique 8, Quinte 2 2/3, Doublette 2, Plein jeu, Basson 16, Trompette 8, Clairon 4. And of course a pedal "Appel des jeux de combinaison GO".
(2) Could you describe the "Plein jeu" of the choir organ "Grand orgue" keyboard?
The "Plein jeu" has 3 ranks and result in 8′.
(1+2) Is it compulsory for the finalist composers to attend the public final?
NO. Our competition has no geographical limits. The competition Rules precise that "Partner Organists and candidates are invited to work together for the Final": this can be done remotly with emails, Skype, Whatsapp, etc. Also, the announcement of the results on the Final evening can be done remotely (Skype, Zoom…).
A question? Contact us: _EMAIL_
Return to the competition presentation page


1000kg/h Carbonization Furnace Plant Was Shipped to Congo
Congolese customers ordered a continuous carbonization furnace and charcoal grinder with an output of 800-1000kg/h from our charcoal machine factory for the production and sale of barbecue charcoal. The Congolese customer has inspected the charcoal processing project for nearly half a year and finally decided to purchase carbonization equipment to produce barbecue charcoal. He said that his local barbecue charcoal is in great demand, and he believes that his investment decision is correct, and he will surely create great benefits for himself.
How to make barbecue charcoal in Congo?
At present, the Congolese charcoal production still uses a more traditional method, that is, charcoal kilns are used to carbonize various types of wood and logs. Nowadays, with the continuous improvement of charcoal equipment, the production of charcoal can be carried out with a dedicated carbonization furnace. Considering the low production efficiency of traditional charcoal processing methods and high labor costs, the Congolese customer decided to try to import charcoal machines to produce charcoal.
Why choose the continuous carbonization furnace to Congo?
The Congolese customer understood the difference between different types of carbonization furnaces when consulting us because after consulting him for more information, we recommended continuous carbonization furnaces to him. Why do we recommend a continuous carbonization machine to him?
This is mainly determined by the customer's raw materials. The customer stated that the raw materials used to produce charcoal are mixed, but mainly agricultural waste such as rice husks, wood chips, and peanut husks. The main feature of the customer's raw materials is that they are small in size, so there is no need to use a grinder for processing.
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Testing for DNS leaks is pretty similar to the previous leak test, just look at the DNS servers instead of the IP address:
1. Open _URL_ while the VPN is disconnected and make a note of your DNS servers' IP addresses (found in the 'Your DNS Servers' section). Unless you have changed your device's DNS settings, the DNS servers shown will be those belonging to your ISP. You can see our DNS servers in the screenshot below.
DNS Results When Disconnected From the VPN
2. Connect to any server on the VPN server list. Then, refresh the leak test page on your browser.
3. Look at the DNS server results again. If any of your ISP's DNS servers appear, your VPN is leaking DNS requests.
Here are two examples of DNS leak tests we ran while connected to two different VPNs.
The first is ExpressVPN – only one DNS server appears and it belongs to the VPN company. The DNS servers listed above in the first test are not showing, therefore it's not leaking DNS requests.
DNS Results When Connected to ExpressVPN
The second is VPN99 – you can see both Google DNS and our ISP's DNS servers. VPN99 uses Google DNS rather than first-party servers, however the presence of our ISP's servers in the results shows that it's leaking our DNS requests.
DNS Results When Connected to VPN99


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Understanding the operating cost of a 100,000-level dust-free workshop
100,000-level dust-free workshop engineering acceptance: provide completion data and training, and deliver to customers after completion acceptance; after-sales service: assume warranty responsibility and provide technical consulting services after the warranty period;
100,000-level dust-free workshop workshop process engineering evaluation:
The preliminary assessment of the production process and clean room planning can effectively reduce the input and operating costs. Such as LED electronics manufacturing: screening → solid crystal → welding wire → sealant → packaging → shipment. It is very important to optimize the engineering design with the production process and dust-free workshop management system. It ensures that the cleanliness of cleanliness is controlled within the design goals, such as: thousand or 10,000 or 100,000 workshop requirements. National standards and GMP specifications, providing microelectronics, fiber optic cables, instruments, medical and health, food and beverage, aerospace, scientific research and teaching and other high-tech enterprises to provide ultra-clean plant and air purification system engineering class 100 to 100,000 design hot and cold Optimized combination of energy sources and 100,000-level dust-free workshops using a cooling host with heat recovery, air source heat pumps, and fuel / steam boilers can greatly reduce operating costs.
In addition to the above-mentioned technical measures, in order to control the indoor environment of a 100,000-level dust-free workshop in the production environment or other uses to the required level of air cleanliness, an important technical measure is to send a sufficient amount of processed cleaning The air is used to replace or dilute the air contaminated by pollutants generated during normal work in the room. The air purification treatment in the clean room is sent to the treated volume in different ways according to the different cleanliness requirements of the room. Clean the air, and at the same time remove the corresponding amount of dirty air that is polluted with pollutants generated indoors. By this dynamic balance, the indoor environment is maintained at the required level of air cleanliness.


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A 19m video on Salty Water from Scientific Eye:
States of Matter, a 3m video from The Fuse School:
KS3 Bitesize higher level – The Particle Model – a 13m video covering States of Matter, Change of State, Gas Pressure & Diffusion:
A 20m 24s video on Solids, Liquids, Gases from Scientific Eye:
Liquids that can act like solids – impossible. Or is it? Can you walk on water? (non-Newtonian fluid pool) and Brainiac Science Abuse – John Tickle walks on custard.
A 19m 18s video on Chemical Reactions from Scientific Eye:
KS3 Bitesize foundation level – Chemical Reactions – a video covering Word Equations, Oxidation & Combustion Reactions, Decomposition Reactions & Helpful & Unhelpful Reactions.
Science in Action – Acids & Alkalis – an 18m 45s video.
KS3 Bitesize foundation level – Metals, Acids & Alkalis – a video that covers Metals and then Acids & Alkalis (the bit we need).
Infographic from Compound Interest:


Soil Infusion
Soil Infusion is a complex high carbon product designed to build healthy soil and increasing the diversity of soil biology. These carbon compound wake up the soil as they provide readily available food for the beneficial soil biota. This interaction will result in better soil flocculation, increased root mass, disease suppression and more efficient water infiltration. Soil Infusion has a broad diversity with complex carbons, fish solubles, crab meal, worm castings, humates and polysaccharides. Our research observed a ten fold increase in native soil biology and 25% more available fertilizer nutrients in the root zone, apply soil drench or foliar.
Beneficial soil bacteria, microbes, amino acids, mycorrhizae, trichoderma and saprophytic fungi. Great way to build your soil food web.
*Application cost per acre $8.00 - $16.00
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Colorado Plateau forests: A unique and imperiled resource
The Colorado Plateau harbors a spectacular diversity of forestlands. From the region's mountains to its high plateaus, the spruce-fir, mixed conifer, ponderosa pine, and piñon-juniper forest types of northern Arizona provide a scenic backdrop and contain the headwaters for the Plateau's world-famous canyon country.
Each of the Plateau's forest types has its own intricate ecological dynamics that have supported unique species for thousands of years. However, like many Western forests, historical land use policies and practices disturbed natural fire regimes and wildlife habitat, altering the structure and function of these forests. Industrial logging, livestock overgrazing, fire suppression, killing of predators, and road construction have all compromised the forests' ecological integrity and scenic quality.
To help restore the historical functions of the Plateau's forests, and to preserve their biodiversity, the Trust has been working for over a decade on forest restoration efforts in Arizona. Our Arizona forest restoration efforts focus on the Kaibab Plateau and the Four Forest Restoration Initiative on the Mogollon Rim.


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Using Expert Knowledge for Test Linking
Linking and equating procedures are used to make the results of different test forms comparable. In the cases where no assumption of random equivalent groups can be made some form of linking design is used. In practice the amount of data available to link the two tests is often very limited due to logistic and security reasons, which affects the precision of linking procedures. This study proposes to enhance the quality of linking procedures based on sparse data by using Bayesian methods which combine the information in the linking data with background information captured in informative prior distributions. We propose two methods for the elicitation of prior knowledge about the difference in difficulty of two tests from subject-matter experts and explain how these results can be used in the specification of priors. To illustrate the proposed methods and evaluate the quality of linking with and without informative priors, an empirical example of linking primary school mathematics tests is presented. The results suggest that informative priors can increase the precision of linking without decreasing the accuracy.


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The international team of astronauts taking part in ESA's caving adventure have returned to Earth after spending six days underground. The voyage to the surface of our planet took them five hours from basecamp.
CAVES gives astronauts a taste of working as a safe and effective team during long spaceflights. In particular, they can hone their leadership and group skills while working in a typical multicultural team found on the International Space Station.
Course designer Loredana Bessone explains the similarities of caving and working in space: "The 'cavenauts' have to adapt to a completely new environment. Working and living underground is both physically and mentally demanding."
Space protocols were used in the course: "Cavewalking is similar to a spacewalk. You have to pay continuous attention to the correct use of tools and safety protocols, to the progression path and to obstacles, which correspond to No Touch Zones and Keep Out Zones on the Space Station."
CAVES is the first behavioural course to involve astronauts from all partners of the International Space Station. Astronauts from USA, Japan, Canada, Russia and Denmark participated this year.
Apart from exploring and surveying parts of the caves, the astronauts also conducted speleological research: cave meteorology, geology, biology and microbiology.
They set traps and collected specimens of underground life, which have now been forwarded to specialists for further analysis.
This year the astronauts explored further than the CAVES 2011 team and discovered what NASA astronaut Mike Fincke described as an underground "wonderland."
ESA astronaut Andreas Mogensen is very positive about the course: "CAVES is perhaps the most physically demanding astronaut training that I have taken part in, and perhaps also the most rewarding.
"To complete the training, our crew had to work together effectively and efficiently as a team, which we did.
"All in all, it was a fantastic and unique experience."
Explore further: Astronauts going underground


Seminár Ústavu informatiky
Does your common sense allow you to believe that robots can have common sense too?
MSc Keerthi Kumar Doreswamy
Ústav informatiky, PF UPJŠ
28. novembra 2018 (streda) o 12:45
SJ2S07 (3.16T), PF UPJŠ
Finding objects in human environments requires autonomous mobile robots to use common sense reasoning about potential object locations and to plan to perceive them accordingly. By using information about the 3D structure of the environment, knowledge about landmark objects and their spatial relationship to the sought object, search can be improved by directing the robot towards the most likely object locations. In this talk I will discuss the design, implementation and evaluation of an approach for searching for objects on the basis of Qualitative Spatial Relations (QSRs) such as left-of and in-front-of. On the basis of QSRs between landmarks and the sought object we generate metric poses of potential object locations using an extended version of the ternary point calculus and employ this information for view planning. I will discuss results showing that search methods based on QSRs are faster and more reliable than methods not considering them.


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The Online de Bono Thinking Skills Course
At last! A distributed on-line learning course designed by Edward de Bono. The course is divided into three parts or modules that teach the powerful thinking tools and creativity techniques developed by Dr. de Bono.
The aim of this course is to train people in thinking and to give them'self esteem' in their ability to think. This leads to self confidence. This type of thinking is important to the entrepreneur and the emphasis is on this approach.
"Thank you very much for this excellent course. To be honest I did not expect it to be as effective as it turned out to be. Very useful in all areas of life and work. I would certainly recommend this course to others.
I would definitely want to do some tutoring with material that is as good as this.
I've got a master's degree from the local business school majoring in information processing. It occurred to me that this course in Effective Thinking is probably much more beneficial for me than four years at the business school. The emphasis on perception nicely balances the analytical approach of academic university education. Perhaps success in business depends more on perception than processing?"
- Jukka (Finland)
THE EFFECTIVE THINKING COURSE
The course consists of three modules:
- Basic Thinking Tools
- Thinking Situations
- Creativity and Lateral Thinking
This module consists of sections on:
1. Are you a thinker? This section looks at your self image as a thinker and at thinking skills
2. P.M.I. Analysis of Plus, Minus and Interesting points. This is a powerful tool for considering new ideas
3. A.G.O. The examination of Aims, Goals and Objectives. A.G. O. is used to clarify thinking, for example, when considering new initiatives
4. CAF. CAF involves a structured process to the Consideration of All Factors. It is often used when considering situations prior to developing ideas. CAF helps ensure that no possibilities have been overlooked.
5. O.P.V. O.P.V. is an extension of CAF that gets you to consider Other People's Views. Almost any thinking activity involves other people, at least indirectly: choices, decisions, plans, and so forth. O. P. V. tries to get the thinker inside the heads of those involved.
6. FIP. FIP is a basic tool like the others. It provides a deliberate instruction to you (or to others) to focus directly on priorities (in general or at a particular moment). FIP stands for First Important Priorities.
7. A.P.C. A. P. C. is another of the convenience tools that we can use with ourselves or with others in order to direct our minds to carry out some task. A.P.C. involves looking for the Alternatives, Possibilities or Choices (whichever is appropriate) in that situation.
8. C. & S. " C" stands for Consequences, " S" stands for Sequel. Doing a " C&S" means focusing upon and spelling out the consequences that might arise from a decision, course of action or change of any sort.
This module consists of sections on:
1. PLAN AND ACTION: Getting things done, making something happen, implementation, carrying something out. Thinking is involved not only in arriving at a decision but also in carrying it out. Planning is usually an essential part of getting something done.
2. DECISION AND EVALUATION: Judging the value of an option. Is this worth doing? Making decisions and making choices. Why decision making can be so difficult. Decision-making as necessity and opportunity.
3. PROBLEM-SOLVING AND DESIGN: Finding solutions to problems, and designing solutions to problems. In a sense any design task is also a problem-solving task because there is something to be achieved and no obvious way of achieving it
4. COPING AND ORGANISING: Coping with confusion and mess. Creating order out of chaos. Organising different elements so that the whole works- a common enough real-life situation.
5. NEGOTIATION AND CONFLICT: Two party situations. Each side trying to get what it wants. This extends from win/win or mutual benefit negotiation to argument and conflict.
6. COMMUNICATION AND PERSUASION: The transfer of information. The transfer of perceptions. Getting other people to see what you want them to see. Clarity of communication. Opening up perceptions in persuasion.
7. EXPLORATION AND DISCUSSION: Making a map of the situation. Getting as much information as possible. Investigation, hypothesis and hypothesis testing. Explanation: what is going on? Discussion with the purpose of exploring a situation: different information and different views.
8. OPPORTUNITY AND INITIATIVE: "Greenfield" thinking. Much of our thinking is reactive: we are forced to think about something. In this Section we look at initiatives: we set out to think about something because we want to. Looking for opportunities.
This module consists of sections on:
1. THE NEED FOR LATERAL THINKING: Realising the need to improve the quality of our thinking. Application of thinking to different areas.
2. BASIC LEVEL CREATIVITY: The cure for arrogance and the deliberate search for alternatives: concepts and explorations. The mechanics of new routes.
3. JUDGEMENT AND MOVEMENT: The difference between perception and processing. Patterning systems, and the concept of idiom. humour, logic and lateral thinking.
4. ESCAPE: The first technique of lateral thinking.
5. STEPPING STONE: The second technique.
6. RANDOM JUXTAPOSITION: The third technique.
7. THE TREATMENT OF IDEAS: Constraints, shaping, using and harvesting.
8. FOCUS: How to define the creative thrust. The creation of idea sensitive areas for the generation of creative thinking.
EFFECTIVE THINKING: BACKGROUND
In this course you will use basic thinking tools and develop skills in their use by practising them on the sort of problems that you might encounter in real life. You will then be able to apply the tools to scenarios that you may face in your studies, at home or in the workplace.
This course is based on thirty years' experience in the teaching of thinking to thousands of youngsters and adults. These have included top scientists, engineers, designers and architects and also senior executives of many of the largest corporations in the world (Shell, IBM, Du Pont and Bank of America among others).
The course is on the CoRT Thinking Programme (CoRT stands for Cognitive Research Trust) which is the most widely used programme for the teaching of thinking worldwide it has been developed by Dr. Edward de Bono.
EFFECTIVE THINKING: FOR WHOM?
The course is primarily designed for adults for their own use, and possibly for younger people, such as families. The depth to which the course goes for basic thinking and creativity 'tools' makes it ideal for learning thinking skills and for providing a substantial foundation for the understanding and use of the rest of Dr de Bono's work.
EFFECTIVE THINKING - MAKING THE MOST OF IT
The course promotes a "systematic" approach to the development of thinking skills. In other words it walks you through a step by step process, starting with the introduction of thinking tools and then systematically considering thinking situations before going on to explore creativity and lateral thinking. The result is a highly effective programme that will improve your thinking abilities.
EFFECTIVE THINKING - WORKED EXERCISES
In each section there is a number of exercises. Some of the exercises are'self-assessed' and others are 'tutor-assessed'. In both cases the exercises need to be submitted. In both cases a sample answer will be sent to the participant and if the exercise happens to be the last exercise in a section then the next section will be sent together with the sample answer. This is only a sample answer and is by no means the only appropriate answer as in 'thinking situations' there are many alternatives even when using similar tools. It is a condition that all exercises are worked in a proper and significant manner. All exercises must be worked and in the right order otherwise sample answers etc may be withheld.
EFFECTIVE THINKING - OPERATIONAL
These modules are basic foundation modules and as such should be taken in sequence. A participant can take one or more modules. A personalised digital certificate will be given to each successful participant for each module. A physical certificate will be awarded to successful participants in all three modules. Once a participant completes all three modules they will become 'de Bono Certified Effective Thinkers'.
It is suggested that each module would take about 7-12 hours to complete.
EFFECTIVE THINKING - TUTORS
The Effective Thinking Course is administered by two Master Tutors that have been personally trained and certified by Dr. Edward de Bono. All other tutors have been trained in the thinking tools and creativity techniques of Dr. de Bono using his style and training methods developed over years being the foremost expert on the direct teaching of thinking as a skill.
VISIT EFFECTIVE THINKING WEBSITE


text:
The answer to yesterday's question is:
Today's question is:
Writing from left to right is "dextrograde". Writing from right to left is "sinistrograde". What is writing that alternates lines between dextrograde and sinistrograde, the word for which means "as the ox plows"?


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An assessment of social progress for homosexuals today
Start studying biology of human sexuality: chapter 2 it is much easier today for universities sexually active national college health assessment survey. Despite our social progress self-disclosure of sexual orientation in social work field education: vignette-based skills assessment in social work field. Use them just like other courses to track progress, access or developing a social relationship with the importance of ethics in counseling related study.
Social and emotional skills these surveys can be used as formative assessment tools to track the progress of measuring elementary school students' social. Oecd home educationskills for social progress - the power of social and emotional skills - en today's children will need a balanced set of cognitive. Check out our interactive infographic to see progress toward the lesbian gay bisexual and transgender health objectives and other healthy people topic areas lgbt individuals encompass all races and ethnicities, religions, and social classes sexual orientation and gender identity questions are not.
Ethical and social issues in testing 235 today also, tests are used to arship, depth of experience with assessment in counseling. Social progress index 2014 report into an integrated assessment of social progress for immigrants • tolerance for homosexuals • discrimination and.
A brief history of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender social movements throughout 150 years of homosexual social movements (roughly from the 1870s to today). It is a comprehensive assessment of a country's social progress social progress index 2015 tolerance for homosexuals. Harry hay, who six decades ago founded mattachine society, secret organization that became catalyst for american gay rights movement, dies at age 90 photo (m).
Psychosocial assessment----example---example---example presenting problem stan is a 32 year-old, homosexual, white the majority of stan's social circle is. Start studying _PHONE_ quiz learn they welcomed the ruling as a step forward for social progress d compromise on the issue of homosexuals in the. Hirschfeld, whose life was dedicated to social progress for homosexual and transgender people, formed the institut für sexualwissenschaft (institute for sexology) in 1919 the institute conducted an enormous amount of research, saw thousands of transgender and homosexual clients at consultations, and championed a broad range of sexual reforms including sex education, contraception and women's rights. Practitioners of positivism today the necessary basis for all social activity – with progress there's no objective criteria for the assessment of.
On estimates of social progress, for example – which measures aspects like access to education, food and affordable housing – poorer countries often outdo their wealthier counterparts "broadly, richer countries have higher social progress, so getting more economic growth is not a bad idea," says michael green, ceo of the social progress index. The brief intake/assessment is the initial meeting with the client during which the case other current health care and social service sign up today. Hulton, m e (2005) heteronormativity and the experiences of lesbian and bisexual women as social work students journal of social work education, 41(1), 67-84 national association of social workers (1999) code of ethics washington, dc: nasw press szymanski, d m (2005) heterosexism and sexism as correlates of psychological distress in lesbians.
Performance and social progress stands out as a suggestion that the focus of the assessment of persecution of homosexuals violent chastisement. It is helpful to have summary assessment of the patient's status or intern progress note s) today she feels worse guidelines for progress notes rev 6-06doc.
2 assignment 2: lasa 1: the application paper family socialization family in most cases is the most important agent of socialization, because it is the lifelong process where we learn about social expectations and how to behave around other people. External links official website progress in human geography is a bimonthly peer the theory that scientific progress drives social progress homosexuals are. Chapter 2: social acceptance bisexual and transgender people in this country today discrimination persists amid social progress.Get file


Tellurium Q Waveform™ hf Series Digital Black RCA Cable
New product
327,05 €
Available for immediate shipping.
Tellurium Q Waveform™ hf new Series Digital RCA Interconnect Black series, 1 meter lenght. ( different lenghts can always be requested contacting us).
The new "hf" design of Black Diamond Waveform is a great starting point compared to the original version and offers much more in terms of clarity to your system. Based on a similar performance profile even with a completely different construction structure than the award-winning waveform II, hf has now increased shielding and protection for the digital signal.
The Black Digital RCA boosts the speed of the edges of the digital signal giving you the fastest possible secure transmission of a digital signal allowing DACs to maintain an excellent lock at all times and reduce error from jitter and minimise dropout which gives the most accurate signal possible today.
Introduction to Tellurium Q Digital Cables
Just like all our cables the Digital RCA cables are hand built for performance in the UK. The idea that improving the digital signal path affects digital sound was frankly, laughable but is just now becoming more accepted as people hear the results. A digital signal is not just an immediate on or off, 1 or 0 as you would expect. Yes that is the way that the digital signal is read but to turn a signal on and off takes minute amounts of time and any inaccuracy in the signal path can affect this on / off information because it affects the rise time of the waveform and this is one factor that leads to errors.
We are so pleased with our research into this phenomenon that we have applied for a patent on the series called "Waveform". It that takes this to new levels in digital RCA/BNC. We recommend the use of BNC adaptors with this cable for BNC connection.
Hopefully this development underlines the wrong headed idea that a digital signal is either a 1 or 0 (on or off) which completely forgets how and why a digital signal works. It is not a magical switch that flips from one state to another instantaneously with no regard for the laws of physics, these "1s" and "0s" are electrical signals which are affected in many of the same ways that other signals can be affected.
The Tellurium Digital RCA has been designed differently from what you would expect. Many people think that a digital cable is just a digital cable but you may be surprised that this one really does make a difference in your system.
We are very proud of the performance of this versatile development.
 Audio products designed to combat phase distortion
Tellurium Q presentazione UK Designed Audio Cable - UK Manufactured Audio Cable
The first cables designed primarily to combat phase distortion.
Paul Rigby HiFi World August 2010
Hi Fi News (Feb 2010 edition)
What you don't get from us:
What you get from us:
The best performance for price that we can give you.
Tellurium Q at a glance
Tellurium Q® : The Range
Tellurium Q® : Our Focus
This is the definition of an electronic filter:
Source: National Semiconductor Corporation
Where Tellurium Q® Came From
How Tellurium Q® was born
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Tellurium Q Waveform™ hf Series Digital Black RCA Cable
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cavo digitale eccellente e ben al di sopra della media
Eccomi a recensire un altro gioiello della Tellurium ovvero un cavo che trasmette il segnale digitale in modo magistrale, senza blocchi e/o errori di temporizzazione. Il risultato è eccellente, in quanto il segnale trasmesso (del tutto privo di interferenze) si traduce in un suono analogico estremamente naturale e senza asprezze. Perfetto! Provate ad ascoltare qualche altro cavo digitale, anche di marche blasonate, e troverete sempre qualcosa che non va e di non equilibrato. Ascoltate Tellurium e troverete, invece, la perfezione. Sono costruttori di un altro livello, non v'è nulla da fare, per questo vincono una infinità di premi. Grazie sempre a Playstereo e al Sig. Ventura che ci rendono disponibili prodotto così meravigliosi.
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I've experienced that my hands, after doing some grinding job for about a month, were getting numb. 3. Thatâs why the designers have included an anti vibration handle. Learn more about possible causes of swollen hands here. Like when communting long distances on my bicycle for instance but never like I'm experiencing right now. Do not operate a chainsaw with one hand! Taking a saw to the desk and removing the offending knee obstruction cured the problem (after 18 months gradual improvement). A vascular disease is a disease that involves problems with arteries and veins. No more numb fingers after 15 minutes of operating the chainsaw, and thanks to the tool-less tensioning youâll be able to instantly adjust the chain tension with just your bare hands. Thereâs an easy chain tensioning mechanism on the side. My three fingers that got hit in the kickback start getting numb when the temp gets into the 40's, and start to turn yellow. It protects your hands from numbness, and they protect your hands in case of a fall, keeps your hands warms on long rides during cold nights. 1. When operating this chainsaw at high revs, you could still feel the vibration of course, but it didnât feel too bad that is was making my hands go numb. Your hands are exposed to potential dangers as you perform daily tasks, making your fingers susceptible to a variety of injuries. They hold up well to just about anything except ropes. During the day my little finger, would be the only finger not numb/sleeping, and I would wake during the night with cramps in my entire arm. It's a neurological injury and may be associated with pain, tingling, and numbness in the hands, a loss of sensitivity, and a decrease in grip â¦ Some causes of swollen hands include pregnancy, exercise, and fluid retention. Finger cuts are often minor and usually heal without complications. Learn More. Youâll be able to spend more time cutting if your saw is comfortable to use. Or it may be secondary, which means it is the result of an underlying illness (such as lupus, vasculitis, diabetes, scleroderma, artery or â¦ After six months of this, my hands went numb whenever I lifted anything or rode my motorcycle. There are 3 main nerves that run from your neck, go under your collarbone down and reach the end of your fingers â the ulnar nerve, the radial nerve, and the median nerve. I refered myself to a doc and he told me I had the carpal tunnel syndrome. Which is a nice quality of life improvement. Learn hands-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) It could help save a life. Numbness in Hands Due to Cold Temperatures. However, numbness in a cut finger signifies that a nerve has been damaged. Extended pressure on the ulnar nerve in your arm interferes with the function of the nerve and makes the hand numb. You will wake up with tingling arms or hands. Occupationally induced Raynaud's phenomenon gradually gets worse if workers remain exposed to the condition that causes the problem. These gloves will exceed your expectations in many areas. After all, if you ask around, hands numb while sleeping isnât a super common complaint of healthy people. After a while of operating a chainsaw, your hands and arms can start to feel numb through the vibrations. This is a serious situation that requires urgent medical â¦ Sleeping with a bent elbow compresses the ulnar nerve. 2. Good old Atlas 300 blue make a great chainsaw glove. Numb, prickly feeling or stinging pain, sometimes with redness, upon warming or relief of stress. Serious injury to the operator, helpers, bystanders, or any combination of these persons may result from one-handed operation. Vibration-induced white finger (VWF) is the most common condition among the operators of hand-held vibrating tools. The chainsaw handles are designed to absorb vibrations in order to deliver a refined user experience. The symptoms of VWF are aggravated when the hands are exposed to cold. But when you mix the low amount of vibration and the weight of this chainsaw being 10.3 lbs, it makes this a very pleasant â¦ Unlike other chain saws Iâve used, this one doesnât make my hands go numb. Having the right glove is vital. Intra-FIT has been supplying workplace hand wear for over 20 years with a standard that includes quality, professional design, trustworthiness, and respect. A good medical checkup would probably be a good place to start. Very painfull, and it completely ruined my sleep.. Ergonomically designed â As with most power tools in the industry, this petrol chainsaw was designed ergonomically so that users are much more comfortable during use. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke says that sustained pressure on a nerve causes â¦ I like that this chainsaw comes with its own case. These symptoms can be caused by nerve compression, dehydration, injury or even tight gloves. I guess it's time to to push a bit harder for the GF to let me get a bigger saw for the large logs. Use the rhythm of "Stayin' Alive" by the Bee Gees to keep you on the recommended 100 beats per minute, and don't be afraid to press hard. I only mention manual pumps for chain oiling here in case you run into an older saw and plan on buying it. Vibration white finger, or Raynaud's disease, is also called hand-arm vibration syndrome and is a repetitive stress injury caused by exposure of the hands to vibrating equipment. First, you need to realize that when any body part goes numb, it means that the nerve supply to that area has been cut off. Wash them when they get wonky. when i sleep both of my arms and hands go numb i wake and stand up until the pain and numbness go away.what is my problem it happens when i work longer hours with chainsaw and other hand tools.what is the cause of this. Sequence of colour changes in the skin may progress from white to blue to red. Arteries are pipes that bring oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the fingers. What is a chainsaw and whatâs it used for? It does an excellent job at keeping the chain saw free of ground debris, makes frequent transport easy, and convenient for off season storage. The symptoms are worse if you suffer from an ulnar nerve entrapment. Eventually, I could not carry a 10lb weight more than a few yards without dropping it. Serious injury to the operator, helpers, bystanders, or any combination of these persons may result from one-handed operation. As time goes on, your hands can get numb because of all the vibration that occurs when handling a chainsaw. Buy em by the dozen online. The automatic oiler makes it so I have one less thing to worry â¦ But vibration control is more than a safety issue. Vibration white finger (VWF), also known as hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) or dead finger, is a secondary form of Raynaud's syndrome, an industrial injury triggered by continuous use of vibrating hand-held machinery. Only downside is the saw seems to vibrate more - I finish a couple of tanks and my hands feel numb for a couple minutes, which didn't use to happen with the longer bar and "safety chain" that didn't let the saw run so fast. The larger the engine, the more powerful the chainsaw. Riding without a glove on a cold night can cause damage to your knuckles and hands and could cause Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in some cases. 10 Best Chainsaw Helmets 2020 - Top Rated Chainsaw safety Helmets best helmets for outdoor construction forestry Ear Defenders, Face Shield. Do not operate a chainsaw when you are fatigued. 2. If you are suffering from numb hands or other vibration related conditions, you need to consider the Intra â¦ Treatment depends on the underlying issue. Use safety footwear; snug-fitting clothing; â¦ The Petzl Pro Vertex has a strong mesh â¦ These muffs are very strong and can easily be used even when you have cold hands or numb hands. I'm 64 and have nerve damage in both hands from the vibration. If you want some protection from a chainsaw chain, buy one size larger than you normally do and wear them over your chainsaw gloves. Anyone else get this? Do not operate a chainsaw when you are fatigued. What Causes Hands or Arms to Fall Asleep. Vibration can cause changes in tendons, muscles, bones and joints, and can affect the nervous system. Doctors give trusted, helpful answers on causes, diagnosis, symptoms, treatment, and more: Dr. Fisher on both my hands are numb: Multiple potential causes. I know that there's a wrist support that can be used in normal life but I don't know if it can be â¦ Easy Start & Operation. It can cause your fingers (usually the ring and little finger) to become stuck in place. I've always suffered from hand numbness to a small degree. The basic action of CPR is simple: Push hard and fast on the center of the chest. It works with an engine, referred to as a power head; powering a metal chain, driven by a centrifugal clutch, with a chain moving around a groove in the guide bar at fast â¦ Use of the term vibration white finger has generally been superseded in professional usage by broader concept of â¦ Use safety footwear; snug-fitting clothing; â¦ Hence, the model that


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Mount Tape Event Class
The Mount Tape event class occurs when a tape mount request is received. Use this event class to monitor tape mount requests and their success or failure.
Data column name
Name of the client application that created the connection to an instance of SQL Server. This column is populated with the values passed by the application.
ID assigned by the host computer to the process where the client application is running. This data column is populated if the client provides the client process ID.
ID of the database specified by the USE database statement or the default database if no USE database statement has been issued for a specified instance. SQL Server displays the name of the database if the ServerName data column is captured in the trace and the server is available. Determine the value for a database by using the DB_ID function.
Name of the database in which the user statement is running.
Amount of time (in microseconds) taken by the event.
For Mount Request events, the time of the mount time-out if a time-out occurs; otherwise, the time of the event itself (in such cases, StartTime indicates the time of the corresponding mount request).
Type of event = 195.
The sequence of a specified event within the request.
Type of event subclass.
1 = Tape mount request
2 = Tape mount complete
3 = Tape mount canceled
ID of the workload group where the SQL Trace event fires.
Name of the computer on which the client is running. This data column is populated if the client provides the host name. To determine the host name, use the HOST_NAME function.
Indicates whether the event occurred on a system process or a user process. 1 = system, 0 = user.
Name of the login of the user (either SQL Server security login or the Microsoft Windows login credentials in the form of DOMAIN\username).
Windows domain to which the user belongs.
Windows user name.
Name of the instance of SQL Server being traced.
Login name of the user who originated the session. For example, if you connect to SQL Server using Login1 and execute a statement as Login2, SessionLoginName shows Login1 and LoginName shows Login2. This column displays both SQL Server and Windows logins.
ID of the Session on which the event occurred.
Time at which the event started, if available.
physical device name [ ( logical device name ) ]. The logical device name displays only if it is defined in the sys.backup_devices catalog view.


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Playing for the Planet
7) Help parents to engage with their children around gaming
Parents are crucial advocates in creating the next generation of aware digital consumers, helping children to seek out, and even create the good content and the change they want to see in the world. While every generation has its concerns about the type and time spent by the next generation on technology, the pervasiveness of screens, and the addictive nature of games, can be particularly daunting for parents. Yet many parents who monitor their children's television consumption closely, often do not monitor, discuss or engage with their children on video game content to the same degree. Parents can be encouraged to play video games with their children, both for 'fun' and to explore, discover, discuss, and seek out enriching content together. Interaction is crucial to establishing links between games and the change they can create, and help children see challenges and the world around them with new eyes, and empowered minds. Video games can help leave the planet on a better trajectory than the one its been on for generations, particularly if (outdoors and in) we play together with our children.
PLAYING FOR THE PLANET 24
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Pine trees may help create smog, acid rain
pine tree
Could pine trees be making things worse? Latest research suggests they contribute to smog
Rather than being a global warming solution, pine trees may be inducing smog and acid rain by releasing vast amounts of nitrogen oxide into the air, researchers have discovered.
Under some circumstances, needles from Scots pine trees can release nitrogen oxides directly into the atmosphere, according to a report in today's issue of the journal, Nature.
A team led by Professor Pertti Hari of the University of Helsinki in Finland, conducted experiments with new pine shoots from Pinus sylvestris, measuring the amount of nitrogen oxides they emitted when exposed to sunlight.
Nitrogen oxides (NOx), along with hydrocarbon gases and sunlight, are the three ingredients needed to make photochemical smog that clogs the skies of many urban centres, as well as acid rain.
The researchers were surprised to find NOx produced by the pine needles, and that levels rose when shoots were exposed to ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. While the amount produced was insignificant on a local scale, "our findings suggest that global NOx from boreal coniferous forests may be comparable to those produced by worldwide industrial and traffic sources," said the authors.
Other scientists were cautious. "I would like to see a more qualitative estimate of how significant that might be in comparison to all the other sources of nitrogen oxide in the atmosphere," said Associate Professor David Griffith of the atmospheric chemistry research group at Australia's University of Wollongong.
While the gases produced by pine trees could in theory deliver as much air pollution as worldwide industrial emissions, in reality most trees do not grow in air that has the very low background levels of nitrogen oxides needed for the trees to emit NOx in the first place.
"If there are already nitrogen oxides in the air, there will be a net uptake, they will be taken up by the trees," he told ABC Science Online.
The study did show for the first time that forests can produce two of the three critical ingredients for smog, and it had been previously established that trees produce hydrocarbons. "No-one has recognised before that they also produce the nitrogen oxides," said Griffith. "Once you put both those ingredients together you can form photochemical smog."
But the amount of nitrous oxides required for this to happen are in the order of tens of parts per billion, and the research has only found levels of one to three parts per billion, he said.
"What I can't judge is how significant this would be globally," he added. "It's going to be a local effect. Nitrogen oxides don't have a long lifetime in the atmosphere." By comparison, nitrous oxides have a very long lifetime, and can spread all over the world.
Australia does not have a lot of boreal or 'needle tree' - forests, because they tend to exist in high latitude areas. But the findings could be relevant on a local scale in Australian pine plantations, Griffith said.
Large scale planting of pine trees to act as 'carbon sinks' has been promoted by some, the theory being that fast-growing trees absorb and retain carbon dioxide from the air. Carbon dioxide is widely cited one of the major contributors to global warming.
Tags: environment, agricultural-crops, science-and-technology


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Devil's Courthouse, a Blue Ridge Parkway landmark south of Waynesville, is a towering example of this type of landscape, where its high elevations give the cool-weather ecosystem refuge. The pinnacle's tree-covered slope harbors species specific only to the upper thresholds of Appalachia, while the formation's rock cliffs is home to fragile life forms that hang on to existence, like the Appalachian Clubmoss an endangered plant in North Carolina, which clings to the rocky ledges of Devil's Courthouse.
The natural composition of the area is so fragile that National Park Service botanists monitor the populations of plants found in and around the cliff face in biological surveys conducted periodically and sometimes by rappelling carefully down the rocky wall.
Yet, the ecosystem is under a barrage of threats from global warming, air pollution and invaders such as fungi and insects which are taking their toll on tree species that anchor these high-elevation forests.
Ranger Gail Fox, a Blue Ridge Parkway ranger who led a guided hike to Devil's Courthouse last week, pointed out the unique situation in which the forest exists.
"This is a remnant forest," Fox said. "It is a forest that is really unique and special but also threatened in many ways."
The rapid pace of human-caused global warming, accelerated when compared with natural warming that occurred since the last Ice Age, is pressuring the cold-weather habitat out of existence. As the planet warms at an increasing rate, the elevation line where this unique ecosystem exists is pushed higher up the mountain. It currently is found at elevations over 5,600 feet. As that mark moves higher up the slopes, the micro-habitat could eventually be left with nowhere to go.
Also, some have theorized that the Hemlock woolly adelgid, an invasive insect which targets the hemlock trees may be aided by a warming climate. The insect attacks hemlocks causing them to be weakened or die. As trees topple they take with them the shade that creates the cool, moist understory habitat which hosts dozens of other species.
Fox said the Park Service doesn't have the resources to confront the invaders — the infestation can be treated but requires a labor-intensive process of injecting a solution into the root system of compromised trees – and the larger problem of greenhouse gasses is outside of the park's control.
Fox said if the soil is dried and warmed significantly, caused by holes in the vanishing canopy or a warming climate, the ground becomes inhospitable for the smaller plant species beneath.
Walking through the understory leading up to the summit at Devil's Courthouse, one can find a variety of those rare plants including the pink turtlehead flower, or Chelone Iyonii, named after the Greek nymph Chelone who was transformed into a turtle, and the Michaux's Saxifrage, a small, flowering plant named after a French botanist but found only on the rocky tops of the southern Appalachians in North Carolina, Tennessee, Georgia and parts of South Carolina.
These delicate plants are in school of several others, such as the spreading Avens and Galax, which live alongside it in shade of the spruce, hemlocks and firs.
Although the greater danger for these plants is the grander changes in the fragile habitat of the high-elevation forest, they also specifically face pressure from human scavengers who seek them out for commercial use.
The Avens are coveted for their bright yellow flowers, and the Galax is desirable as a base plant in floral arrangements because it remains green for considerable time after being pulled out of the soil. Fox said park enforcement officials are in a constant battle to combat the illegal harvesting of these flora.
Ironically, while the remnant forest at Devil's Courthouse faces a litany of environmental threats, many stemming from human activities, the place takes it name from a mythical creature who was sworn to protect the natural environment. The Cherokee legend tells of a slant-eyed, giant, Judaculla, whose purpose was to defend the natural resources and punish those who abused the ecosystem. Judaculla had the nickname "devil" and often operated at night so as not to be seen by others. As the legend goes, he would make those poaching animals or cutting down trees they weren't supposed to stand trial in a cave nestled in the cliff.
Peregrine Falcon: Devil's Courthouse most signature species
The high cliff and the long-distance views from Devil's Courthouse makes it the perfect habitat for predatory birds such as the Peregrine Falcon.
The Peregrine Falcon has been clocked at speeds of 200 miles per hour while in its hunting plunge, making it the fastest animal on the planet. Its also one of the most agile — able to punch its prey, usually a song bird, in midair with its balled talons, stunning it and then grabbing its soon-to-be meal before it hits the ground.
"It's quite impressive, and it can just be an explosion of feathers," said Ranger Gail Fox, a Blue Ridge Parkway ranger who led a guided hike to Devil's Courthouse last week.
The nests of the Peregrine Falcon, which are not actually nests at all but just a flat spot on the cliff, were one of the reasons rock climbing on Devil's Courthouse rock face was recently prohibited — if not for the safety of the falcon's offspring, but also for the safety of the climbers who might happen up the sharp talons of a defensive mother.
In the mid-1900s the adverse effects of DDT threatened the eggs of the falcons, but after the chemical was banned in the 1970s the population has rebounded to repopulate cliff sides in places like Devil's Courthouse.
The population crashed to fewer than 350 nesting pairs and had disappeared entirely from the eastern U.S. Their comeback was aided by captive breeding and reintroduction efforts by biologists. Peregrine falcons have recovered enough they are no longer on the list of endangered species.
Catch a Parkway hike
Blue Ridge Parkway rangers lead weekly guided hikes on the southern section of the Parkway. Check the Outdoors section of the calendar in the back of The Smoky Mountain News for the hike of the week.


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Common Lisp the Language, 2nd Edition
New functions operating on series can be defined just as easily as new functions operating on any other data type. However, expressions containing these new functions cannot be transformed into loops unless a complete analysis of the functions is available. Among other things, this implies that the definition of a new series function must appear before its first use.
The declaration specifier (optimizable-series-function integer) indicates that the function being defined is a series function that needs to be analyzed so that it can be optimized when it appears in series expressions. (A warning is issued if the function being defined neither takes a series as input nor produces a series as output.) Integer (default 1) specifies the number of values returned by the function being defined. (This cannot necessarily be determined by local analysis.) The only place optimizable-series-function is allowed to appear is in a declaration immediately inside a defun. As an example, the following shows how a simplified version of collect-sum could be defined.
(defun simple-collect-sum (numbers) (declare (optimizable-series-function 1)) (collect-fn 'number #'(lambda () 0) #'+ numbers))
The declaration specifier
(off-line-port port-spec1 port-spec2...) specifies that the
indicated inputs and outputs are off-line. This declaration
specifier is only allowed in a defun that contains the declaration
optimizable-series-function. Each port-spec must either be a symbol
that is one of the inputs of the function or an integer j indicating the
jth output (counting from zero). For example, (off-line-port x 1)
indicates that the input x and the second output are off-line.
Every port that is not mentioned in an off-line-port
declaration is assumed to be on-line. A warning is issued whenever a
port's actual on-line/off-line status does not agree with its declared
status. This makes it easier to keep track of which ports are off-line and
which are not. Note that off-line ports virtually never arise when
defining scanners or reducers.


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First Iranian Newspaper
By: Manouchehr Saadat Noury, 2005
The history of newspaper and book publication in Iran can be traced back to the mid 19th century when Mohammed Shah, the third Shah of Qajar dynasty was in power (_PHONE_). It is also documented that the flashing history of print in Iran started with Zaboor-e Davood in Jolfa district of Isfahan, a province in central Iran, during the mid 17th century and regular printing began with the Fath-Nameh and Jahadieh ressaleh (thesis) in Tabriz of Azerbaijan, a province in northwest Iran, during the early 19th century. However, there are some discrepancies and arguments between researchers and historians about the above facts. Also some scholars believe Fath-Nameh and Jahadieh are not two separate titles but two different editions of the same book, which is highly unlikely.
The reliable evidences indicate the first Iranian who founded publication facilities in Iran was an educated technocrat named Mirza Mohammad Saleh Shirazi. Some documents reveal that he was born in Kazeroon, a small city located to the west of Shiraz, which is the center of Fars province in south of Iran. The exact dates of his birth and death are unknown. It should be noted that by the early 19th century Iranian reformers had become keenly sensitive to what they perceived as the relative weakness of their society in comparison to the growing threats from Russia to the north and the British authorities in the south. In order to transform Iranian society, reformers in the Qajar government sent students to Europe in order to study the new scientific and technological developments that were seen as the secrets of European strength.
Among the first of these students to travel abroad was Mirza Saleh Shirazi, who was sent to Britain in 1815. Mirza Saleh's interest in the media and journalism during his stay in Britain as well as his recognition about the importance of the print industry compelled him to learn this science and technique. He was trained under a British publisher named Dunce and after proficiently learning the craft, brought back with himself upon his return to Tabriz in 1837 the necessary printing machinery, equipment and materials. Mirza Saleh moved his publishing house from Tabriz to Tehran in 1846 and printed the first lithographic newspaper of Iran. In fact, lithography was invented around 1796 in Germany by an otherwise unknown Bavarian playwright, Alois Senefelder, who accidentally discovered that he could duplicate his scripts by writing them in greasy crayon on slabs of limestone and then printing them with rolled-on ink. Because the local limestone retained so relentlessly any crayon marks applied to its surface, even after repeated inking and printing, lithographs (so called from the Latin for stone, litho, and mark, graph) could be printed in almost unlimited quantities. The first lithographic newspaper of Iran was only published for three years from 1846 onward.
The major specific of this publication was that it went to print under the autocratic order of Mohammad Shah Qajar and not for the fact that there was a public need for it. Secondly, the objective for its publication was to communicate the decisions taken at the royal court and neutralization of activities of Fathali Shah's children, who had then made claims to the throne of Mohammad Shah who was not Fathali Shah's son.
The unnamed publication of Mirza Saleh, which he later called Kaghaz-e-Akhbar (a literal translation of its English version, newspaper), had a little to do with the reform and development trend of the time. Possibly, no one knows how many issues of the newspaper were actually published. The first article of this paper was more in tune of giving advice to rebellious princes and the glorious services of Mohammad Shah as well as the tendency of the status quo and the royal court for the welfare of the peasants. Furthermore, the newspaper was entirely a state owned paper and people had nothing to do with its make up and reading.
Kaghaz-e-Akhbar was something of latecomer to the world of government journalism in the Middle East. In Egypt, the independent-minded Ottoman Governor Mohammad Ali had established the Vaghay al-Misriya or the Egyptian Chronicle in 1828. And in 1831, under the direction of the Ottoman Sultan, Memhed II, Taghvimi al-Vaghayeh or Calendar of Events had been already produced in the Ottoman capital, Istanbul. Many researchers also doubt and question the existence of Mirza Saleh's printing house at around that time (_PHONE_). They have claimed they were unable to locate any printed works that was published in that print house or any evidence that it continued its activity. But the existence of books that have remained from that era including a copy of Golestan, an anthology of prose and verses by poet Saadi, which has beautiful ornamented printing dispels all of those claims.
Regrettably, with a very few exceptions in some short periods, the PAPER JOURNALISM and book publication in Iran have still remained under the governmental control and censorship since Mirza Saleh published his first newspaper in 1846. However, today's technology of information highway allows for an underground press that goes well beyond hand-pressed revolutionary newspapers smuggled in from abroad, or audiocassettes circulating clandestinely in the bazaars and mosques of the major cities. The opposition movement has also made extensive use of the Internet and ONLINE JOURNALISM flourishes all over the country. And the new generations of Iranian journalists are producing newspapers and periodicals on the Internet that are asking brave questions, challenging the authority of the country, and working again and again to bring voices of dissent into the public sphere.