Some eigennotes
\subsubsection{Eigenvector magnitudes} If $MC = dC$ then clearly $M\alpha C = d \alpha C$ and so any scalar factor times an eigenvector is also an eigenvector of the same eigenvalue. This choice may be made independently for each of the columns, but once we have chosen the column factors, the row factors are determined by the relationship $RC=I$. This is the simplest example of the linear combination in an eigenspace. The usual convention is to normalise so that $ delta_{jk}C^jC^k=1$, but this is only a convention. In subdivision there is one important situation where a better convention exists. \subsection{Eigencomponents of block matrices} Suppose that $M$ has an interesting pattern of zero values above its diagonal. In particular that it can be viewed as a lower-triangular block matrix. It is then the case that the equation $$|M-\lambda I|=0$$ can itself be factored into the product of simpler similar expressions, one for each block. The eigenvalues can be associated with the blocks, depending on which factors they are roots of. Any block of size 1 gives one of the eigenvalues immediately as the value of the one element which the clock contains. An eigenvalue from the first block will have a row eigenvector which has only a few non-zeroes (at most as many as the size of the block), and a large number of training zeroes. An eigenvalue from the last block wil have a column eigenvector which has a large number of leading zeroes, and only a few non-zeroes. The eigenvectors echo the block zero structure of the row and column in which the block appears, so that a block which has $m$ zeroes above it and $n zeroes to its right wil have eigenvectors which share those properties. Suppose that two different blocks have a common eigenvalue. That eigenvalue will have an eigenvector from each of the blocks, and these two eigenvectors will span an eigenspace. Almost all of the eigenvectors in the space will have fewer zeroes than either of the two that we got from the blocks, and so there is something special about the original pair. We use the partitioning into blocks to break the symmetry of the eigenspace and pick out a particular choice of eigenvectors which may well have useful properties as a basis for the space. \section{Partitioning} Given a matrix $M$, we can premultiply it by some non-singular matrix $F$ and postmultiply the product by $F^{-1}$ to get a new matrix $N$. $$\eqalign{ N &= FMF^{-1}\cr &= FCDRF^{-1}\cr &= [FC]D[C^{-1}F^{-1}]\cr &= C' D C'^{-1}\cr }$$ $N$ has the same eigenvalues as $M$ and its eigenvectors are simply related to those of $M$. Particular $F$s which turn out to be useful are:- \pop {\bf permutation}, which can migrate zeroes to the top right corner of $N$. In some cases this can enable a block partitioning. \pop {\bf odd-even}, which replaces two rows by their sum and difference. $F$ is a block diagonal matrix where the blocks on the diagonal are either single unit values, or else little $2\times2$ blocks of the form $$\left[\matrix{1&1\cr-1&1}\right]$$ This is used to exploit mirror symmetries. \pop {\bf Fourier}, in which the entries are complex exponentials. This is used to exploit rotational symmetries. \pop combinations of the three above. In all these cases we are using a well-chosen $F$ to partition the original matrix $M$ into blocks which can have their eigencomponents determined more easily. This is not just a case of trying to make the calculations easier, although that is a valued side-effect. The main purpose is that we can identify particular properties of the eigenvectors based either on their symmetries or on their leading/trailing zeroes, and thus acquire insight into the structure of the system that we are analysing. The bulk of the remainder of this chapter deals with examples of the way that partitioning is applied to some real subdivision schemes.


Lower School
Since 2016, Lower School students have had the opportunity to produce videos in their very own broadcast studio complete with anchor desk and green screen.
Fourth-grade students produce a weekly news show. Other grade levels use the studio for special projects. Students learn technical skills, leadership skills, public speaking, writing, and collaboration while using this unique space.
Summer Enrichment and Afterschool Tiger Times
Additionally, Lower School students may sign up for broadcast programs geared specifically to their age during after-school programs or in the summer.


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What is the Difference Between C and Embedded C?
Difference Between C and Embedded C:
In our previous posts, we had seen the introduction about Embedded C... Now let us see the difference between C and Embedded C...
The following table gives us the summary of the difference between C and Embedded C.
|C Language||Embedded C|
|A type of high level language.||Nothing but an extension of C.|
|Has a free-format of program coding.||The source code format depends upon the type of microprocessor/ microcontroller that is used.|
|Optimization is normal.||High level of optimization.|
|An Operating system is essential to function.||Can work with or without an Operating system.|
|Used for desktop applications.||Used for microcontroller/ microprocessor applications.|
|Does not bother about memory resources.
i.e., use entire memory available in CPU.
|Uses limited resources.
Hence consider memory allocation of the embedded processor.
|C programs run in console.
Hence see the output through desktop
|They run in realtime constraints.
Hence output is not available in OS
|Directly or indirectly support other various programming languages during application.||Supports only required processor of the application.|
|Input can be given to the program while it is running.||Only the pre-defined input can be given to the running program.|
|C compilers are OS dependent.
i.e, run the ram directly from OS terminal.
|Requires compilers of Embedded C.
These compilers in turn enable access to all resources of the embedded system. Hence OS independent.
|Some of the examples of Applications: logical programs, system software programs.||Some of the examples of real-time Applications: DVD, TV,Digital camera.|
By the way, these are simple and normal differences that exist between C and Embedded C for an open eye.
But in real there is no such logical differences between C and Embedded C. As I said earlier in the previous post, The Embedded C is just an extension of C.
Somehow we can say that the only difference between C and C on embedded systems is just their Input and Output is too on the way the input is given and output is seen.
Say for example, consider the following:
Input: Printf <<< read_pin_no (the pin number where input is given)
Output: scanf <<< read_pin_no (the pin number from where output is taken)
Hence there is no differences between C and Embedded C except these type of some small disturbances...
Thanks for reading....

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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What is a focused crawler? The definition from Wikipedia says:
A focused crawler or topical crawler is a web crawler that attempts to download only web pages that are relevant to a pre-defined topic or set of topics. Topical crawling generally assumes that only the topic is given, while focused crawling also assumes that some labeled examples of relevant and not relevant pages are available.
The advantages to a focused crawler are that you spend less time, money & effort processing web pages that are unlikely to be of value. Subsequently it takes less time for the crawler to find areas in the web which are "target rich", in that they have a higher density of desirable, high value pages.
Scale Unlimited Focused Crawling
The best way to explain how Scale Unlimited handles focused crawling is with a diagram…
It helps to start off with some terminology, before diving into the actual steps of the workflow.
- URL State database This database (often called a "CrawlDB") maintains one entry for each unique URL, along with status (e.g. "have we fetched this page yet?"), the page score of fetched pages, and the link score. The actual approach used for this database varies, depending on the scale of the crawl, the availability of a scalable column-based DB or key/value store, etc.
- Page score Every fetched page is processed by a page scorer. This calculates a numeric value for the page, where higher values correspond to pages that are of greater interest, given the focus of the crawl. A page scorer can be anything from a simple target term frequency calculation to a complex NLP (natural language processing) analyzer.
- Link score Every URL has a score that represents the sum of page scores from all pages which contain an outbound link that matches the URL. Page scores are divided up across all outbound links, thus the increase in a URL's link score from a page with many outbound links will be minimized.
- Fetched Pages database This is where all fetched pages are stored, using the URL as the key. Typically this isn't a real database, but rather an optimized, compressed read-only representation.
With terminology out of the way, we can discuss the steps in a focused crawl workflow.
- The first step is to load the URL State database with an initial set of URLs. These can be a broad set of top-level domains such as the 1.7 million web sites with the highest US-based traffic, or the results from selective searches against another index, or manually selected URLs that point to specific, high quality pages.
- Once the URL State database has been loaded with some initial URLs, the first loop in the focused crawl can begin. The first step in each loop is to extract all of the unprocessed URLs, and sort them by their link score.
- Next comes one of the two critical steps in the workflow. A decision is made about how many of the top-scoring URLs to process in this loop. The fewer the number, the "tighter" the focus of the crawl. There are many options for deciding how many URLs to accept – for example, based on a fixed minimum score, a fixed percentage of all URLs, or a maximum count. More sophisticated approaches include picking a cutoff score that represents the transition point (elbow) in a power curve.
- Once the set of accepted URLs has been created, the standard fetch process begins. This includes all of the usual steps required for polite & efficient fetching, such as robots.txt processing. Pages that are successfully fetched can then be parsed.
- Typically fetched pages are also saved into the Fetched Pages database.
- Now comes the second of the two critical steps. The parsed page content is given to the page scorer, which returns a value representing how closely the page matches the focus of the crawl. Typically this is a value from 0.0 to 1.0, with higher scores being better.
- Once the page has been scored, each outlink found in the parse is extracted.
- The score for the page is divided among all of the outlinks.
- Finally, the URL State database is updated with the results of fetch attempts (succeeded, failed), all newly discovered URLs are added, and any existing URLs get their link score increased by all matching outlinks that were extracted during this loop.
At this point the focused crawl can terminate, if sufficient pages of high enough quality (score) have been found, or the next loop can begin.
In this manner the crawl proceeds in a depth-first manner, focusing on areas of the web graph where the most high scoring pages are found.


the difference between words: find out and know
Earlier, one of my students asked me what the difference is between "find out" and "know", so I think that would be a good topic for today's blog entry.
In English, we often have a separate word or expression to talk about the beginning of a situation. For example, first we PUT ON our clothes and then we WEAR them; first we GET a cold and then we HAVE the cold.
Another example of this is "find out" and "know". First, we FIND OUT some information, and then we KNOW it. So when we talk about the first moment that we learn some information, we must use "find out", but we can't use "know" until afterwards. For example:
I found out about the terrorist attack when I watched the news report on TV. I was so shocked!
I knew about the terrorist attack before I watched the news because my friend had told me about it before.
Did you know that ABC Department Store is having a sale this weekend? I just found out today.
A: Did you know that Rachel is going to have a baby?
B: Yes, I know.
A: When did you find out?
B: I found out yesterday when Rachel's husband told me.
As you can see from the examples, when we use "find out" we usually will say when we received the information. If we don't say when we received it, the sentence will sound a little strange.
 1. praiffs Said:
 couldn't get u.. first we PUT ON our clothes and than WEAR them..and first we GET cold than we HAVE cold.. Please. Explain it.. Thanks
 - I wrote another blog about "put on", "wear" and "take off" on October 25, 2010. If you check that, it should help you understand the difference better.
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Is There a Link Between Blood Pressure Medication and Cancer -- Particularly Kidney Cancer?
Dec. 3, 1999 (New York) -- Do blood-pressure-lowering drugs (antihypertensive agents) cause cancer? Could they possibly prevent it? These issues were addressed here at a special session on cancer risks at the 14th Scientific Meeting of the American Society of Hypertension (ASH). Although one study found ACE inhibitors to be protective, another sparked controversy by linking diuretics to renal cell carcinoma (a form of kidney cancer).
Treatment with an ACE inhibitor not only can lower blood pressure and protect kidneys but also can significantly reduce one's risk of dying from cancer -- especially a woman's risk of death from breast or gynecologic cancers, according to John L. Reid, professor of medicine at the University of Glasgow in Scotland. Reid is the lead researcher for a study of 5,297 patients taking antihypertensive medications who were followed-up for 16 years.
Reid tells WebMD that recent studies suggest that some antihypertensive treatments are cancer-causing, but he disagrees with these findings. "The only cancer in which we have seen a slight increase in incidence [in patients taking antihypertensives] is renal cancer, and let me say that this is a very, very rare cancer," he says.
In the study, 1,559 patients with high blood pressure were treated with an ACE inhibitor, while the other patients were treated with a variety of other antihypertensive agents. Among the patients treated with ACE inhibitors, there were 60 cancers; there were 267 cancers among the patients taking other agents.
According to Reid, among the patients taking ACE inhibitors, the risk of death from cancer was a third less than the risk for patients never treated with an ACE inhibitor. Women taking ACE inhibitors had only half the risk of cancer-related death -- and only one-third the risk of dying from a sex-specific cancer such as breast or ovarian disease.
Reid says that there are several theories about why ACE inhibitors are protective against cancer, but "I think the most likely explanation is that angiotensin II [the body substance that ACE inhibitors block] is known to stimulate cells to divide -- so blocking that action is protective," he says. "Additionally, it blocks [blood vessel growth], thus reducing blood supply."
In contrast to Reid, Franz H. Messerli, MD, presented his analysis of multiple past research studies that suggests long-term diuretic use increases the risk of renal cell carcinoma, especially in middle-aged women. Messerli is medical director of the division of research at the Alton Ochsner Clinic in New Orleans.
Reid says, however, "In our much larger [study] database, we found no increased risk for treatment with diuretics."
Most of the audience of physicians attending the session criticized Messerli's finding, but Reid said that he agreed with Messerli's position that middle-aged women should not be routinely given diuretics. "I come to this conclusion for a different reason," Reid says. "I think these women have a low risk of a cardiovascular event, and I think that this population tends to be overtreated."
John H. Laragh -- master professor of medicine at New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center -- tells WebMD, "I think that it is worth looking at these issues of antihypertensives and cancer, but further studies are needed, because the evidence is so preliminary and so weak that I wouldn't make any recommendations."
But -- illustrating the variety of medical opinion on these issues -- Laragh, who is a past president of the American Society of Hypertension and is director of the cardiovascular center at New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, says that he doesn't use long-term diuretic therapy because he thinks it puts patients at risk for salt depletion.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Numbers 1-10 English, Spanish and symbols flashcards, Classroom poster and Student Worksheet
Last updated 20 May 2009, created 20 May 2009, viewed 7,518
The publisher files include a range of English, Spanish and symbol flashcards (1-10) which are printable for students to play with by way of matching the Spanish with the English or vice versa or dominoes for example. The Spanish ground rules poster is a great resource for the Spanish classroom usin More…g 5 simple and visual rules for students to agree on with the teacher and'sealing the deal' with their photo(optional), signature and date. The "Todo de Mi" worksheet is filled with personal information for the the student to complete ranging from family information to favourite things.


text:
Posted by Bruce Kahl on December 10, 1999
In Reply to: Re: "Push the envelope" posted by Arthur Smith on December 10, 1999
: : I will accept the premise that "push the envelope"
: : originated with airline pilots, but I would like to
: : know in exactly what context: the actual practical
: : mechanics of flying as in the use of the controls
: : relative to a certain aspect of aircraft performance,
: : the theory of flight as in aerodynamics or the
: : efficiency with which the aircraft performs relative
: : to outside forces, or some other practical
: : explanation?
This expression comes out of the US Air Force test pilot program
of the late 1940's.
The envelope refers to a plane's performance capabilities. The limits of the planes ability to fly at speeds and altitudes and under certain stresses define what is known as its performance envelope. It's an "envelope" in the sense that it contains the ranges of the plane's abilities.
"Pushing the envelope" is a good example of how jargon -- the specialized or technical vocabulary of a group or profession -- gradually enters general usage. "Pushing the envelope" comes from the jargon of test pilots, and has actually been around since the end of the Second World War. The "envelope" involved is a sort of visual metaphor for the technical limits of a high-performance aircraft. A graph of such an aircraft's performance would appear as a rising slope as the craft approaches its limits of speed and stress, then fall off rapidly (putting it mildly) when the plane exceeds its capacity and the pilot loses control. Safety, relatively speaking, lies within these limits, or "inside the envelope." A pilot who "pushes the envelope" and tries to exceed the known capabilities of the aircraft risks what engineers delicately term "catastrophic system failure," otherwise known as a crash.
Because "pushing the envelope" had such a esoteric origin, it took a best-selling book -- Tom Wolfe's "The Right Stuff" in 1979 -- and later the popular movie "Top Gun" to introduce it to the general public. Since then it has begun to crop up in increasingly non-technical contexts, to the point where it is now a currently trendy metaphor for simply "pushing it," or testing the limits of what is permissible in a given situation.


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EMBO Practical Course — Methods for analysis of circular RNAs: No tautology
Circular RNAs (CircRNAs) are a rediscovered class of RNA species that originate from back-splicing events, which have been reported across all domains of life. Many circular RNAs are stable, abundant and conserved between species. They exhibit context-dependent expression patterns, which are often linked to disease states. Validated circular RNA functions are numerous and range from regulation of transcription and splicing to RNA/protein sponging and scaffolding. However, CircRNAs are by and large the most underexplored class of all non-coding RNAs. This course will meet the specific need to explore complexity, distribution, function and mechanisms of circRNA action experimentally and computationally.
The presented methods and approaches are widely applicable to all organisms beyond standard models. The practical part will include detection and quantification of circRNAs by lowand high-throughput methods, troubleshooting, data analysis and integration as well as computational assessment of circRNA candidates and function prediction.


text:
Forcing yourself to look at the big picture, or pretending that you are a fly on the wall observing a scene as it unfolds, can be an effective anger management strategy.
Experts say that changing the focus from being a participant in a stressful situation, to being an observer from a distanced perspective can help an individual come to a true understanding of their feelings.
Researchers call this strategy "self-distancing."
In a new study, college students who believed a lab partner was berating them for not following directions responded less aggressively and showed less anger when they were told to take analyze their feelings from a self-distanced perspective.
"The secret is to not get immersed in your own anger and, instead, have a more detached view," said Dominik Mischkowski, lead author of the research performed at Ohio State University.
"You have to see yourself in this stressful situation as a fly on the wall would see it."
While other studies have examined the value of self-distancing for calming angry feelings, this is the first to show that it can work in the heat of the moment, when people are most likely to act aggressively, Mischkowski said.
The worst thing to do in an anger-inducing situation is what people normally do: try to focus on their hurt and angry feelings to understand them, said Brad Bushman, Ph.D., a co-author of the study.
"If you focus too much on how you're feeling, it usually backfires," Bushman said.
"It keeps the aggressive thoughts and feelings active in your mind, which makes it more likely that you'll act aggressively."
Study findings are found online in the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology and will be published in a future print edition.
To prove the concept, researchers performed to related studies. The first involved 94 college students who were told they were participating in a study about the effects of music on problem solving, creativity and emotions.
The students listened to an intense piece of classical music while attempting to solve 14 difficult anagrams (rearranging a group of letters to form a word such as "pandemonium"). They had only seven seconds to solve each anagram, record their answer and communicate it to the experimenter over an intercom.
But the plan of the study was to provoke the students into anger, which the experimenters did using a technique which has been used many times in similar studies.
The experimenter interrupted the study participants several times to ask them to speak louder into the intercom, finally saying "Look, this is the third time I have to say this! Can't you follow directions? Speak louder!"
After this part of the experiment, the participants were told they would be participating in a task examining the effects of music on creativity and feelings.
The students were told to go back to the anagram task and "see the scene in your mind's eye." They were put into three groups, each of which were asked to view the scene in different ways.
Some students were told to adopt a self-immersed perspective ("see the situation unfold through your eyes as if it were happening to you all over again") and then analyze their feelings surrounding the event.
Others were told to use the self-distancing perspective ("move away from the situation to a point where you can now watch the event unfold from a distance and watch the situation unfold as if it were happening to the distant you all over again") and then analyze their feelings.
The third control group was not told how to view the scene or analyze their feelings.
Each group was told to replay the scene in their minds for 45 seconds. Then the researchers tested the participants for aggressive thoughts and angry feelings.
Results showed that students who used the self-distancing perspective had fewer aggressive thoughts and felt less angry than both those who used the self-immersed approach and those in the control group.
"The self-distancing approach helped people regulate their angry feelings and also reduced their aggressive thoughts," Mischkowski said.
In a second study, the researchers went further and showed that self-distancing can actually make people less aggressive when they've been provoked.
In this study, 95 college students were told they were going to do an anagram task, similar to the one in the previous experiment. But in this case, they were told they were going to be working with an unseen student partner, rather than one of researchers (in reality, it actually was one of the researchers).
In this case, the supposed partner was the one who delivered the scathing comments about following directions.
As in the first study, the participants were then randomly assigned to analyze their feelings surrounding the task from a self-immersed or a self-distanced perspective.
Participants assigned to a third control group did not receive any instructions regarding how to view the scene or focus on their feelings.
Next, the participants were told they would be competing against the same partner who had provoked them earlier in a reaction-time task. The winner of the task would get the opportunity to blast the loser with noise through headphones – and the winner chose the intensity and length of the noise blast.
Investigators discovered participants who used the self-distancing perspective to think about their partners' provocations showed lower levels of aggression than those in the other two groups. That is, their noise blasts against their partner tended to be shorter and less intense.
"These participants were tested very shortly after they had been provoked by their partner," Mischkowski said.
"The fact that those who used self-distancing showed lower levels of aggression shows that this technique can work in the heat of the moment, when the anger is still fresh."
Of interest is the discovery that those who used the self-distancing approach showed less aggression than those in the control group, who were not told how to view the anger-inducing incident with their partner.
This suggests people may naturally use a self-immersing perspective when confronted with a provocation – a perspective that is not likely to reduce anger.
Thus, the tendency to immerse oneself in a problem (anger) to work through the situation, may backfire and make an individual more aggressive.
A better technique to use when angry is distraction – thinking of something calming to take the mind off the anger. However, even this technique is only a short-term strategy.
Mischkowski believes the research clearly shows that self-distancing is the best method to mitigate anger.
"But self-distancing really works, even right after a provocation – it is a powerful intervention tool that anyone can use when they're angry."
Source: Ohio State University


text:
Three Phase Servo Voltage Stabilizer For CNC Machine is consist of voltage regulation coil, power compensation coil, control circuit and sevo motor. When input voltage fluctuation happens, the control circuit will send signal to the sevo motor, and the sevo motor will be running and drive the carbon brush to move on the voltage regulation coil, in this way, it can adjust the ratio of winding, consequently, it makes the output voltage in a stable level and protects the CNC machine.
|Input Voltage||Three phase voltage ±20%~±45%|
|Output Voltage||Three phase voltage|
|Accuracy of Output Voltage||1%-5% (it can be customized)|
|Waveform Distortion||No waveform distortion|
|Protection||Protection against overload, over voltage, over current, phase failure and phase sequence protection|
|Electric Strength||Testing under 2,000V 50/60Hz voltage for 1 min without breakdown or flash over.|
|Overload Capability||Working normally for 1 minute under 2 times of rated current.|


Retained Life Estate (RLE)
Generally speaking, life estate agreements are advantageous for individuals who desire to spend their final years in their current residence.
When potential benefactors who fit that bill want to make a gift of real property to your organization, a retained life estate (RLE) may be an ideal planning vehicle. They get to make a large gift to your nonprofit now, and enjoy a current and potentially substantial charitable income tax deduction yet continue to live in the property.
The core characteristics of an RLE are:
 - An irrevocable transfer of a personal residence or farm by a person (or persons) to a charitable organization.
 - The donor gets a current income tax deduction based on a calculation beginning with the value of the property.
 - The donor retains the beneficial use of the property for his or her lifetime (or for a shorter term specified in the instrument of transfer).
Indeed, the tax advantages of the life estate agreement can be doubly attractive to donors: not only do they get to utilize an income tax deduction for the Net Present Value of the property, but in the long-term the RLE removes the property asset from their estate.
In the planning stages of an RLE, the donor is responsible for securing appraisal for gifting purposes.
After an RLE is made, the donor remains responsible for all the things they were responsible for prior to gifting the property: maintenance and upkeep, taxes, insurance, and the like. Someone from your organization should physically visit the property at least annually.
The following pages take a closer look at the specifics and functions of the RLE, according to these topics:
 1. Who, When, Why
 2. How It Works
 3. Assets That Fund It
 4. Tax Issues
 5. How to Accept
There is considerable flexibility in a RLE gift and for that reason or if you have a specific question about one aspect of the RLE process, please go directly to the relevant pages. To get a more comprehensive sense of what how an RLE works, we recommend starting at the top, with Who, When, Why.


text:
Photo: elaine faith (Flickr)
If your hair drier shrunk your head to the size of a grapefruit, you'd be astounded. If your wool pants shrank in the drier, you'd be angry but not amazed. How can clothing disobey the laws of common sense, and shrink in the laundry?
What Happens In The Laundry?
To understand why this happens, we need to take a closer look at the microscopic structure of natural fibers like wool.
Each thready strand you can see is composed of millions of long, tangled molecules called "polymer chains."
Microscopically, these start out coiled like miniature, tangled springs, something like a mass of tangled telephone cords. These curly molecules are stretched and straightened as the wool is carded and spun.
In your pants, the straightened polymer chains have a natural tendency to spring back to their original, tightly-coiled state. Fortunately for clothing manufacturers, it's not exactly easy for the natural fibers to do this.
In order to curl back up, they need a certain amount of energy. It's hard to picture this, because we're used to springs bouncing back to their original shape as soon as we take the tension off them.
These microscopic springs don't work that way though–they stay stretched out until they get a boost of energy to help them scrunch back up.
Hot Drier Or Hot Water
Running your pants through a hot drier, or washing them with hot water, can give them the energy they need to spring back. When this microscopic scrunching up happens all over the fabric, your pants shrink.


Attack of the USB Killers: Coming to Your Clients' Classrooms
What are USB Killers, and what does their existence say about the security behind your classroom/higher ed tech installations?
This article was originally published on Commerical Integrator on May 6, 2019
Last month, a former student of the College of St. Rose in New York pled guilty to destroying "66 computers as well as numerous monitors and digital podiums containing USB data ports owned by the College." The damage was done using a "USB Killer" device that discharged high voltage pulses into the host device, physically damaging the host's electrical system.
According to the court documents, the total losses due to the incident were 58,471 USD. A quick Google search shows that these "USB Killer" devices are readily available on websites like Ebay for around 40 USD.
Details of the "digital podiums" were not released, but any AV integrator who has done work in higher education institutions could probably guess they were lecterns or teaching stations outfitted with room computers, portable laptop connections, confidence monitors, control touch panels, media switchers, and/or playback devices.
The "numerous monitors" in the court documents could have been simple computer monitors, or larger wall-mounted flat panel displays often used for small-group collaboration.
Motive? Doesn't Matter
The motives of the attacker are unclear, and in the end, are essentially irrelevant. What is relevant is that the same thing could easily happen at another university, K-12 school, company, or house of worship.
Security experts have shown that USB drives and cables can be built to perform HID attacks, launch command shells, download malicious payloads, and/or modify the DNS settings to redirect traffic.
But more importantly, any USB memory device (a.k.a. USB stick or thumb-drive) could contain files that are infected with malware.
One penetration tester that I spoke to said he often drops off a handful of infected USB drives at hospitals and medical buildings.
The USB drives appear to be harmless freebies, and eventually an employee uses one, opens the file, and the test payload is delivered.
He said that the USB drive attack vector is not as effective as email phishing campaigns, but it is still part of his testing.
When I first shared the College of St. Rose story, many _TAG_ commented that little could be done:
"It's hard to protect against physical attacks. If you do block the USB port or somehow protect it from electrical discharge, the attacker could smash it with a hammer." – Leonard C. Suskin (_USER_)
"Without an option to disable the port completely for both data and power transfer, there is little anyone could do in this instance. With physical access, all bets are off…"Kevin (_USER_)
What Can Be Done About USB Killers
I agree that if someone is truly intent on causing damage, they will find a way, but I think there are still some things that can be done to minimize the impact and likelihood of a USB-based attack.
First, make sure that all members of your organization have signed a computer usage policy, and formally agree to not destroy computer hardware.
Next, consider remoting all computers in locked data closets, and always lock classroom podiums and AV credenzas to minimize access.
Use card-keys or biometric scanners to allow limited access to server rooms, and add IP cameras to these rooms so you can prove who actually did the deed. This is called attribution, and is often a challenge in cybersecurity.
USB attacks should also be outlined in your cyber-awareness training, so that everyone knows to not use random USB drives or charging cables they find.
Last but not least, you should have an incident response plan that anticipates USB attacks, and communicate that plan, so everyone knows what to do in case of a "USB Killer" attack. It may seem unlikely, but it's certainly possible, and it is best to be prepared for it.
Design Principles For Secure AV Systems
Identifying Cyber Attacks, Risks, Vulnerabilities in AV Installations
5 Steps to Better Cyber Risk Management
The Best Data Breach Incident Response Plans Require These Steps


1st Edition
The Lived Experiences of Muslims in Europe
Recognition, Power and Intersubjective Dilemmas
ISBN 9780367777098
Published April 1, 2021 by Routledge
218 Pages
USD $48.95
Prices & shipping based on shipping country
Book Description
This book unearths new knowledge and challenges existing paradigms in relation to the integration of minority communities. It comprehensively reflects upon the complexity of recognition experiences and integration challenges faced by Muslim individuals and groups in Europe. By focusing on universal recognition themes related to experiences within personal relationships, legal relations, religion and civil society, it makes an essential contribution to a deeper understanding of Muslim life in the West. It offers a reconsideration of everyday lives of Muslims in Europe by drawing on the paradigm of recognition. Exploring universal themes, it demonstrates the complexity of recognitive relations by examining how Muslim individuals perceive the ways they are recognised, or misrecognised, within various spheres of everyday interaction. It sheds light on the ways in which forms of recognition affect identity formation and social relations more generally, and the broader ramifications that arise from such forms of misrecognition. This book draws on Honneth's critical social theory of recognition to frame a range of grassroots interviews and focused discussion groups. Grounded in qualitative research and with an emancipatory intent, The Lived Experiences of Muslims in Europe challenges both the assumption that minority groups simply seek to have their particular culture and associated beliefs endorsed by a majority, and the security paradigm that narrowly views Muslims in Europe through the lens of political extremism.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction 2. Muslims in Europe: Divergent Perspectives 3. Recognition and Power 4. Societal Relations 5. Spiritual Relations 6. Intergenerational Relations 7. Resolving Recognitive-Power Dilemmas 8. Conclusion
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Des Delaney is Postdoctoral Researcher at Dublin City University (DCU), Ireland, where he completed his doctorate on the subject of recognition at the School of Law and Government. His research interests are the synthesis of philosophy and empirical sociology, particularly in relation to recognition, power, social struggle, and integration issues.


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(30 minutes or less)
If you start with one large piece of mirror, cut three 6 x 6 inch (15 x 15 cm) pieces from the plastic or glass. You can cut the plastic with a fine saw, such as a hacksaw, or score it with a utility knife and then snap it off. It is not hard to cut glass; get someone who knows how to do it to show you. (WARNING: For safety, after cutting a glass mirror, mount it on wood or cardboard and cover the edges with duct tape.)
Once you have the three mirrors you need, use the duct tape to tape two of the mirrors together along one edge. Put the tape on the back side of the mirror, making a hinge that opens and closes easily. Be sure the mirrors can move freely from 0 degrees to 180 degrees.
(15 minutes or more)
To make a kaleidoscope, set the hinged mirrors on the cardboard, and place an object such as a pencil or some coins between them. Open the mirrors to different angles. Notice that the smaller the angle, the greater the number of images you see. Remove the objects and see what happens when you draw different designs in the space between the two mirrors.
Close your right eye and look at a single mirror straight on. Notice that the left eye of the image is closed. Now close your right eye and look at two mirrors that form a 90-degree angle. Notice that the right eye of this image is closed.
Now make a corner reflector by opening the two taped mirrors to 90 degrees and resting them on the third mirror, so that the three mirrors form a half cube (see diagram). Close one eye and stare right at the corner where the three mirrors join. Move your head and notice that the pupil of your open eye always falls right at the corner. Open both eyes and look at the corner. One eye may appear to be closer to the corner than the other. This is your dominant eye.
When you put an object between the two hinged mirrors, light from the object bounces back and forth between the mirrors before it reaches your eyes. An image is formed each time the light bounces off a mirror. The number of images that you see in the mirrors depends on the angle that the mirrors form. As you make the angle between the mirrors smaller, the light bounces back and forth more times, and you see more images.
The illustration below shows how an image is formed in the corner of two mirrors at 90 degrees. Light rays bounce off each mirror at the same angle that they hit the mirror: Physicists say that the angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence. Mirrors at other angles behave similarly, but the ray diagrams may get more complex.
The inside corner of a corner reflector (where the three mirrors meet) sends light back parallel to its original path. If you pointed a thin beam of laser light right near the corner, the beam would bounce from mirror to mirror and then exit parallel to the entering beam. Light from the center of your eye bounces straight back to the center of your eye, so the image of your eye seems to be centered in the corner made by the mirrors.
In a corner reflector, multiple reflections reverse the image and invert it.
Corner reflectors are used to make safety reflectors for cars, bicycles, and signs. Corner reflectors have also been used to bounce laser beams back to the earth from the surface of the moon.
Throw a tennis ball into the corner of a room. It should return to you after bouncing off the three surfaces.
Tape five square mirrors together with the mirrored surfaces facing inward to form a box. Place a sixth mirror, turned at a 45-degree angle, over the open side so you can look into the box and also let some light in. This combines the Look into Infinity Snack with this Corner Reflector Snack. Try other configurations of mirrors in three dimensions and see what you can discover.
To do a quantitative experiment, mark the following angles on a piece of cardboard: 180 degrees, 90 degrees, 60 degrees, 45 degrees, 36 degrees, 30 degrees, and 20 degrees. These angles are chosen so that when they are divided into 360 degrees they produce an even integer. Mount the hinged mirrors at each of these angles and place an object betvveen them. Count the number of images you see. You should be able to verify the following rule: 360 divided by the angle between the mirrors gives the number of images, plus one. At 60 degrees, for example, 360/60 = 6, so you should see five images of the object.


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Equine-assisted psychotherapy: a mental health promotion/intervention modality for children who have experienced intra-family violence
Source: Health & Social Care in the Community, Volume 15, Number 3, May 2007, pp. 265-271(7)
Abstract:Equine-assisted psychotherapy (EAP) is a specialized form of psychotherapy using the horse as a therapeutic tool. This modality is designed to address self-esteem and personal confidence, communication and interpersonal effectiveness, trust, boundaries and limit-setting, and group cohesion. Substantial numbers of children witness family violence. There is evidence that violence between parents has adverse effects on the children in the family. These children are at greater risk of behavioural problems and mental health disorders, including anxiety, anger, depression and suicidal ideations, withdrawal, low self-esteem, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The purpose of the present pilot study was to test the efficacy of EAP in a cross-sectional group of children referred to a psychotherapist for various childhood behavioural and mental health issues over an 18-month period (June 2003-January 2005). Sixty-three children received a mean number of 19 EAP sessions. Scores on the Children's Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) Scale were determined preand post-treatment. The mean (± standard deviation, SD) pretreatment score was 54.1 (SD 3.2) and post treatment mean score was 61.7 ± 5.0 (t = 9.06, d.f. = 96, P < 0.001). All children showed improvement in GAF scores, and there was a statistically significant correlation between the percentage improvement in the GAF scores and the number of sessions given (r = 0.73, P = 0.001). Univariate analysis showed that the greatest improvement in the GAF scores occurred in the youngest of the subjects. Children in the group who had a history of physical abuse and neglect had a statistically significant greater percentage improvement in GAF scores after treatment than those who did not have a history of abuse and neglect. This study has demonstrated a quick response to EAP, especially in younger children, but it remains to be determined what kind of long-term effects this type of intervention may provide.
Document Type: Research article
Publication date: 2007-05-01


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Immunohistochemical (IHC) Expression of Carbonic Anhydrase IX (CA9) in Papillary (PRCC) and Chromophobe (CHRCC) Renal Cell Carcinoma Is Associated with Necrosis.
Rajen Goyal, Bing Zhu, Vamsi Parimi, Shreenath Bishu, Xiaoqi Lin, Ximing J Yang, Stephen M Rohan. Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
Background: The modern classification of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) recognizes numerous subtypes of which clear cell (CRCC), PRCC, and CHRCC are the most common. Many IHC markers useful in differentiating RCC subtypes have been described. CA9 protein expression is induced by hypoxia or in the case of CRCC abrogation of the VHL / HIF pathway. In a recent phase III clinical trial radiolabeled CA9 was used with imaging techniques to preoperatively identify CRCC with high specificity. In the pathology literature it has been suggested that CA9 expression is often seen in PRCC and other renal tumors. We evaluated CA9 IHC in different RCC subtypes focusing on tumors with necrosis.
Design: H&E sections of RCC were evaluated for necrosis. IHC for CA9 was performed on whole sections from 17 RCC with necrosis (10 PRCC, 7 CHRCC) and 17 RCC without necrosis (10 PRCC, 7 CHRCC). Ten CRCC were included as controls. Qualitative (intensity 0-3+) and quantitative (% of cells) CA9 labeling was evaluated. The distribution of staining within a tumor (peri-necrotic vs. viable areas) was recorded. Only membranous CA9 labeling was considered positive. Statistics were performed using the Student's t-test.
Results: CA9 staining was seen in a larger percentage of cells and was more intense in necrotic areas compared to non-necrotic areas in PRCC (necrotic mean cell % = 5%; non-necrotic mean cell % = 1% [p value = 0.03]; mean intensity in necrotic areas = 2.1; mean intensity in non-necrotic areas = 0; p value <.001). A difference was also seen between mean intensity CA9 staining in necrotic versus non-necrotic areas in CHRCC (1.17 vs 0; p value = 0.02). Necrotic areas of PRCC and CHRCC when compared to each other showed no significant differences in either percentage of cells staining or intensity of staining (p value = 0.17 and p value = 0.75 respectively). All of the CRCC evaluated exhibited >90% of cells staining with 3+ intensity.
Conclusions: PRCC and CHRCC can exhibit expression of CA9 albeit at a much lower level relative to CRCC. Non-clear cell carcinomas with areas of necrosis show greater and more intense CA9 staining compared to non-clear cell carcinomas without necrosis. Caution should be taken when interpreting CA9 IHC in difficult to classify RCC cases exhibiting necrosis, particularly in small biopsies. The relevance of CA9 expression in necrotic non-clear cell RCC renal tumors as it relates to new preoperative imaging modalities warrants further investigation.
Category: Genitourinary (including renal tumors)
Wednesday, March 2, 2011 9:30 AM
Poster Session V # 115, Wednesday Morning


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Model ID: 177
The level set method is well suited for problems with moving boundaries in which the geometry's topology changes with time. A bubble of oil that travels up through water and finally merges with oil at the top causes this kind of topology change. For problems where the topology is unchanged as a function of time, as in free surface movement in a tank (no splashing) and impeller stirring, it is also possible to use the ALE (arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian) method.
In this model, three different regions exist initially: the oil bubble, the oil at the top of the container, and the water surrounding the bubble. This example shows you how to use the Laminar Two Phase Flow interface.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
gmail.com Google, fb,... use RC4-SHA. How does one create RC4-SHA self signed cert?
Or even with aes128 key? I tried using using "genrsa -aes128", resulting cert was DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA
openssl genrsa -aes128 -out 1.key 1024
openssl req -new -key 1.key -out 1.csr
cp -f 1.key orig.1.key
openssl rsa -in orig.1.key -out 1.key
openssl x509 -req -in 1.csr -signkey 1.key -out 1.crt
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related to crypto.stackexchange.com/q/853/4489 – Refineo Dec 10 '12 at 22:48
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2 Answers
up vote 2 down vote accepted
The certificate has (almost) nothing to do with the encryption used in the SSL/TLS communication. The only purpose of the certificates used by the websites you mention is to authenticate the server.
RC4, AES-128, AES-256 are the encryption algorithms used by the SSL/TLS channel itself. In this context, SHA is the MAC algorithm name (used to ensure the integrity of the communication).
Both are encryption and MAC algorithms are set up with the cipher suites, which are configured on both client and server, and are (relatively) independent of the certificate. The only dependency is that some cipher suites require a certificate with an RSA key, others a certificate with a DSA key.
If you look at the cipher suite list in the TLS 1.1 specification, there are cipher suites for RC4-SHA, AES128-SHA and AES126-SHA with RSA keys. Any modern certificate with an RSA key should be able to supports these, provided that the SSL/TLS stack you want to use also supports them, and is configured to do so.
(You may also be interested in this question.)
In openssl genrsa -aes128, -aes128 is used to tell OpenSSL how to encrypt the private key it's generating (in the file itself).
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The cipher used depends on the client and server's SSL handshake; it is not dictated by the key pair itself. During this handshake, the client and server show what algorithms they support, and the server will typically choose the strongest available cipher.
The public/private keys can be used to accomplish three main goals; integrity, authentication, and confidentiality. However, it does not have to accomplish authentication as SSL/TLS can be implemented with total anonymity.
From page 34 of TLS 1.0 (RFC 2246):
The CipherSuite list, passed from the client to the server in the
client hello message, contains the combinations of cryptographic
algorithms supported by the client in order of the client's
preference (favorite choice first). Each CipherSuite defines a key
exchange algorithm, a bulk encryption algorithm (including secret key length) and a MAC algorithm. The server will select a cipher suite
or, if no acceptable choices are presented, return a handshake
failure alert and close the connection.
From page 91 of TLS 1.2 (RFC 5246):
TLS supports three authentication modes: authentication of both
parties, server authentication with an unauthenticated client, and
total anonymity.
Also, see here for a simpler description of the SSL/TLS handshaking process.
It is also important to note that this cipher is only used when performing the handshake and exchanging the symmetric key which, after it is agreed upon, is used exclusively for the rest of the session UNLESS the secret key is set to be renegotiated.
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Your Answer


text:
Twenty years ago today, on May 11, 2000, the first modern treaty in British Columbia came into effect.
The Nisga'a Final Agreement was negotiated outside of the B.C. treaty process by the Nisga'a Nation, British Columbia and Canada. It recognizes 2,000 square kilometres of Nisga'a lands and secures Nisga'a hunting and fishing rights in the Nass Wildlife Area and Nass Area.
It is also the first treaty in British Columbia to offer constitutional certainty of an Indigenous people's right to self-government.
"On this special milestone day, may we remember the generations of Nisga'a men and women who worked tirelessly over 113 years for the just and honourable settlement we achieved on May 11, 2000," said Eva Clayton, Nisga'a Lisims Government president in a media release.
The planned 20th anniversary gathering has been postponed to due to the COVID-19 pandemic. To recognize the occasion, the Nisga'a flag is flying in the Hall of Honour at the B.C. parliament buildings.
"Twenty years is a significant milestone. An entire generation of Nisga'a young people have grown up as members of a self-governing treaty nation," said B.C. Premier John Horgan in the release.
READ MORE: Nisga'a treaty stands up to court challenge
Efforts to negotiate a treaty began as early as 1887, when Nisga'a chiefs travelled to Victoria to demand the negotiation of a treaty and recognition of title and self-government. Canadian laws at the time prevented Indigenous people from raising money to advance land claims.
In 1968, the Nisga'a Tribal Council started legal action in the B.C. Supreme Court and negotiations between the Nisga'a and Canada began in 1976.
The government of British Columbia joined the discussions in 1990. The agreement was signed in Aug. 1998 and came into effect nearly two years later.
There are more than 7,600 members of Nisga'a Nation living mostly in the Nisga'a villages of Gingolx, Laxgalts'ap, Gitwinksihlkw and Gitlaxt'aamiks, while others reside in Terrace, Prince Rupert and the Lower Mainland.
"The 20th anniversary of the implementation of the Nisga'a Treaty is a major milestone in our shared history. Although a great deal has changed in the world around us, the Nisga'a vision for creating a better future for their people has not," said federal Minister of Crown-Indigenous Relations Carolyn Bennett, in the release.
"The treaty is a living and breathing example of reconciliation in action and what we can accomplish when we work together and recognize and respect Indigenous people's right to self-determination."


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boost::xpressive::set — Used to create character sets.
There are two ways to create character sets with the'set' identifier. The easiest is to create a comma-separated list of the characters in the set, as in (set= 'a','b','c'). This set will match 'a', 'b', or 'c'. The other way is to define the set as an argument to the set subscript operator. For instance, set[ 'a' | range('b','c') | digit ] will match an 'a', 'b', 'c' or a digit character.
To complement a set, apply the '~' operator. For instance, ~(set= 'a','b','c') will match any character that is not an 'a', 'b', or 'c'.
Sets can be composed of other, possibly complemented, sets. For instance, set[ ~digit | ~(set= 'a','b','c') ].


where all the income generally goes to support the work of the nonprofit. The IRS generally looks for a specific and direct relationship between the activity's income and the exempt purpose, and they may compare the size and extent of the business activity in proportion to the size and extent of the exempt purpose. For example, UBIT may be applied to the excess income from an activity that is conducted more frequently or more extensively that is reasonably needed to meet the exempt purpose.
Hypothetical: Your church has a bookstall on Sunday mornings for members and visitors, allowing them to purchase books from the church. The bookstall makes a profit, but it is directly tied to your exempt purpose because it contains books that your pastor recommends and it is targeted to members and visitors to help spread the gospel. The bookstall starts to do very well among the members, so the church expands the bookstall to an online store, marketing to the community at large, and begins carrying non-religious books that are popular outside the church membership. The excess income from the bookstall expansion would likely be UBIT.
In applying this rule, the IRS typically draws a very fine line, basedon all the facts and circumstances of a case. For example, in one case, the sales of certain children's items in a giftshop operated by an art museum were exempt fromUBIT because they were directly related to the museum's educational purpose. The exempt items were limited to kaleidoscopes, painting set, and items "designed to develop fine art skills and a child's awareness of his or her artistic ability." Income from other items in the same gift shop, however, were not exempt because they only developed a child's general knowledge and were not expressly educational in nature.
Based on various IRS rulings, it is safe to assume that UBIT could be assessed for the following types of income (though these examples are not exhaustive, nor can they be cited as binding precedent):
Pet boarding and grooming services for the general public by an exempt organization, operated to prevent cruelty to animals;
 - Weekly bingo games by a social welfare organization;
 - Sale of blood by a tax-exempt blood bank to commercial laboratories;
 - Sale of appliances to senior citizens by a tax-exempt senior citizens center;
 - Performance of language translation services by a tax-exempt trade association promoting international trade relations;
 - Operation of a commuting program by a tax-exempt labor union;
 - Distribution of business directories to new residents in a community;
 - Sale of work uniforms by a tax-exempt union;
 - Tours conducted by a nonprofit, unless they do not have a substantial recreational or social purpose but are strongly educationally oriented (i.e. reports, daily lectures, etc.).
On the other hand, it is safe to assume that UBIT may not be assessed for the following types of income (though, again, these examples are not exhaustive, nor can they be cited as binding precedent):
 - Operation ofdiningroomcafeteriaandsnackbarbyatax-exemptartmuseumforits staff andemployees;
 - Sponsorship of championship tournaments by a tax-exempt sport-promoting organization;
 - Operationofbeautyandbarbershopbyatax-exemptseniorcitizenscenter;
 - Saleofgreetingcardsandartreproductionsbytax-exemptmuseum;
 - Operationofalawyerreferralservicebyatax-exemptbarassociation;
 - Provisionofveterinarianservicesbyatax-exempthumanesociety;
 - Saleofcomputersoftware byatax-exemptorganizationformedtopublishand promulgatenewscientific technology;
 - Saleofpostersandotherpromotionalitemscarryingthetax-exemptorganization's programmessage;
 - Saleof lifeinsuranceonthelivesofdonorsbyatax-exemptcharitableorganization;
 - Saleof artreproductionsbyatax-exemptartmuseum.
Even if your entity conducts an activity that falls into the examples cited in either of these lists, contact an attorney knowledgeable in this area to confirm whether you are or are not liable to pay UBIT.
Another "fact and circumstance" that the IRS examines under this prong is whether the business activity of a tax-exempt entity fits into the exempt purposes of its parent entity. This analysis can be helpful for a church that runs a ministry through an affiliated school or daycare, a nonprofit soup kitchen or children's ministry, or an integrated auxiliary corporation.
WANT TO READ MORE? The full-length article provides 7-8 more pages dealing with various exemptions and practical applications of the rules governing UBIT to your organization. Learn how you can structure your organization's activities in a way that does not jeopardize its tax-exempt status but still allows for creativity in raising funds and marketing your purpose. If you would like further advice, please email the author or call the office at _PHONE_ to purchase the full article and discuss how we can help address your specific concerns.
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text: logging in or signing up non-aligned movement arshima Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: Embed: Flash iPad Copy Does not support media & animations WordPress Embed Customize Embed URL: Copy Thumbnail: Copy The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 2085 Category: Entertainment License: All Rights Reserved Like it (3) Dislike it (0) Added: August 18, 2010 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description A MOVEMENT STARTED BY SOME ASIAN AND AFRICAN COUNTRIES DURING COLD WAR AND THIS MOVEMENT HAS VERY LOW SIGNIFICANCE TODAY. Comments Posting comment... Premium member Presentation Transcript Slide 1: WELCOME Slide 2: The world after Second world war NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT Slide 3: Do you know? The first session of NAM was held at? The 2006 session of NAM was held at? Now please tell me what is NAM? Previous Knowledge : Previous Knowledge Who was the first Prime Minister of our country? What do you understand by the policy of Panchsheel? Name the two blocs which were formed after the second world war? Slide 5: PREPARED BY = M. ARSHAD KHAN, P.G.T. HISTORY J.N.V. HAMIRPUR OBJECTIVES : OBJECTIVES To make the students enable to understand the need for the establishment of Non-aligned movement. To make the students enable to understand the meaning of Non-aligned movement. To make the students enable to understand the chief characterstics and causes for the spread of Nonaligned movement. Slide 7: Formation of Nonalignment movement CAUSES CHARACTERSTICS A C H I E V E M E N T MEANING Causes for the Spread of the Non-Aligned Movement : Causes for the Spread of the Non-Aligned Movement Nationalism. Anti-Imperialist Sentiments. Racial Discrimination. Economic Needs. U.N.O. and Nonaligned Countries. Great leaders of Nonaligned Movement. Meaning of Non-Alignment : Meaning of Non-Alignment After the termination of world war second, two hostile power blocs came into existence in the world. One bloc was led by U.S.A. and the other bloc was led by the Soviet Union. Most of the countries of the world were the member of one bloc or the other. Cold war went on between these countries for many years. Many countries like India did not join any bloc but decided to follow their independent foreign policies. Thus they adopted the policy of NONALIGNMENT because they could not solve their international problems without maintaining friendly relations with both the blocs. Slide 10: Non-Aligned Nations, loose association of countries that, during the Cold War period, had no formal commitment to either of the two power blocs in the world, led by the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). The formation of the group formally known as the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) may be traced to the division of the world into Communist and capitalist blocs after World War II and to the subsequent demise of colonialism. The grouping was initiated at a conference in Belgrade in September 1961 by leaders of countries that had recently freed themselves from foreign domination and rejected renewed ties to any big power. INTRODUCTION AIMS OF NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT : AIMS OF NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT 1.Stabilisation of World peace. 2.Respect of human rights. 3.Peaceful Co-existence between nations. 4.Opposition of military alliance. 5.Preservation of Independence. 6.Condemnation of Racial Discrimination. 7.Disarmament. 8.Establishment of Economic Relations between Nations based on Equality. Slide 12: NAM's initial aims and objectives focused on political and security issues but economic agenda soon began to play an increasingly important role. Prominent among NAM's founding leaders were Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru of India and Presidents Sukarno of Indonesia, Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt, Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana, Sékou Touré of Guinea, and Josip Broz Tito of Yugoslavia. Characteristics of Policy of Non-Alignment : Characteristics of Policy of Non-Alignment Opposition to cold war. It opposes to Military or Political Alliances. Non involvement in Power Politics. It is a policy of action and not isolation. BANDUNG CONFERENCE : BANDUNG CONFERENCE Bandung Conference, conference of 29 Asian and African countries held at Bandung on the island of Java in 1955. The conference demonstrated the determination of these new nations to have an independent voice in international affairs, and was an important milestone in the movement of non-aligned nations. In order to underline the point, President Sukarno of Indonesia declared in his opening address to the Conference: "It is a new departure in the history of the world that leaders of Asian and African peoples can meet together in their own countries to discuss and deliberate on matters of common interest." Slide 15: The origins of the conference can be traced to a meeting of the prime ministers of Burma (now Myanmar), Ceylon (Sri Lanka), India, Indonesia, and Pakistan in Colombo in April 1954. As a result of the Colombo discussions, and a further meeting held at Bogor in Java late in 1954, the five countries agreed to sponsor a conference of Asian and African nations. The conference opened in Bandung on April 18, 1955. Beyond discussing general problems, and censuring colonialism by both Western powers and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, little tangible was achieved: no permanent organization was established and no further meetings were held. Indeed, Bandung's importance lay in its symbolism, rather than its material results. The Bandung Conference (1955) : The Bandung Conference (1955) Slide 20: The evolution of the non – aligned movement,N A M is one of the historic acts of our times.The newly independent countries of Asia and Africa,commonly known as the third world countries, liberated themselves from the yoke of imperialism,sought to strengthen their independence and assert their right to share their destinies. EMERGENCE OF THE NON - ALIGNED MOVEMENT Slide 21: Some writers have interpreted non-alignment as nonattachment,which is also not the accurate meaning of the term.Basically,the term was coined and used with the meaning:"non-aligned with the powerblock of the world."The movement thus means that the member nations would not be aligned to any super power or to any of their military alliance. Slide 22: The origins of the conference can be traced to a meeting of the prime ministers of Burma (now Myanmar), Ceylon (Sri Lanka), India, Indonesia, and Pakistan in Colombo in April 1954. As a result of the Colombo discussions, and a further meeting held at Bogor in Java late in 1954, the five countries agreed to sponsor a conference of Asian and African nations. The conference opened in Bandung on April 18, 1955. Beyond discussing general problems, and censuring colonialism by both Western powers and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, little tangible was achieved: no permanent organization was established and no further meetings were held. Indeed, Bandung's importance lay in its symbolism, rather than its material results.. Slide 23: 1. Coordination 2. Coordinating Bureau 3. Coordination of the Coordinating Bureau and role of the Chair 4. Working Groups, Contact Groups, Task Forces and Committees 5. Non-Aligned Security Council Caucus 6. Joint Coordinating Committee 7. Coordination of Non-Aligned countries in other UN centres The Troika 8. Group of past, present and future Chairs (Group of Ten) 9. Panel of Economists 10. Documentation 11. Decision making by consensus NAM Structure &Organisation Slide 24: First Conference - Belgrade, September 1-6, 1961 Second Conference - Cairo, October 5-10, 1964 Third Conference - Lusaka, September 8-10, 1970 Fourth Conference - Algiers, September 5-9, 1973 Fifth Conference - Colombo, August 16-19, 1976 Sixth Conference - Havana, September 3-9, 1979 Seventh Conference - New Delhi, march 7-12, 1983 Eighth Conference - Harare, September 1-6, 1986 Ninth Conference - Belgrade, September 4-7, 1989 Tenth Conference - Jakarta, September 1-7, 1992 XI Con. Cartagena de Indias, October 18-20, 1995 Twevelth conferenceDurban 2-3,September,1998 Thirteenth conference-Cartagena,8-9 April,2000 Fourteenth conference-Durban,17-19,August,2004 Slide 25: First Session of N.A.M. at Belgrade- 1961 BELGRADE CONFERENCE : BELGRADE CONFERENCE The very first session of Nonaligned countries was held at BELGRADE,the capital of Yogoslavia in which 25 countries participated. After this, its sessions were held at the different places LIKE > Slide 27: N.A.M. Session at Cairo (1964) N.A.M. Session in Lusaka-1970 : N.A.M. Session in Lusaka-197


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Publication details for Prof Peter Rowley-ConwyDobney, K.M., Ervynck, A., Albarella, U. & Rowley-Conwy, P. (2004). The chronology and frequency of a stress marker (linear enamel hypoplasia) in recent and archaeological populations of Sus scrofa in north-west Europe, and the effects of early domestication. Journal of Zoology 264(2): 197-208.
- Publication type: Journal papers: academic
- ISSN/ISBN: 0952-8369, _PHONE_
- DOI: 10.1017/S0952836904005679
- Keywords: wild boar; domestic pig; Sus scrofa; north-west Europe; prehistoric husbandry; dental defects
- View online: Online version
- Durham research online: DRO record
Author(s) from Durham
Linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH), a deficiency in enamel formation visible on mammal tooth crowns, can be used as a retrospective indicator of physiological stress and developmental health in humans and animals. In this first study, for north-western Europe, the condition has been recorded from prehistoric (mesolithic) and recent populations of wild boar, and from domestic pigs belonging to early farming (neolithic) communities. It was possible to show that LEH occurs in recent and ancient populations of wild boar from north-west Europe, and that the occurrence of the condition can be explained by the same events within the animal's life (birth, weaning, winter starvation) as has been previously suggested for archaeological domestic pig samples. The frequency of LEH is consistently low within all ancient and recent populations of wild boar studied, a remarkable observation given the pronounced differences in the living conditions of these two diachronically well-separated groups, mainly linked with the increasing human pressure on recent populations of wild animals. Early domestic samples generally show high LEH frequencies, although considerable variation exists between the samples. It is suggested that these high frequencies are, in general, the result of domestication, while the variation could be related to differences in early husbandry. The observation of LEH, therefore, provides a valuable tool for studying the history of animal domestication.
Published on behalf of The Zoological Society of London.


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This article explains how the tongue can be used in only two possible ways: it can be a weapon of destruction or it can be used to build others up.
The Bible issues a strong warning concerning the power of the tongue. The tongue has the power to do both evil or good. This article maps out the source of our words – why do we speak as we do? The author discusses right and wrong uses of the tongue, and highlights the blessings of using your tongue in a godly manner.


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The power of 'the' wins Ig Nobel
It is a small and often neglected word. But the word 'the' has just won Australia's Glenda Browne international recognition in the form of an Ig Nobel prize.
The Ig Nobels, parodies of the real Nobel Prizes, are awarded annually to applaud achievements that make people laugh, and then make them think.
Browne, a professional indexer who once worked in the field of biotechnology, is this year's winner in the literature category.
Her award honours a scholarly article addressing a tricky question. Where should names starting with 'the' appear in indexes?
While contemplating this issue, she looked through indexes filled with names like The American Journal of Psychiatry, and The Journal of Molecular Diagnostics on one hand, but British Journal of Pharmacology and Journal of Microscopy on the other.
Browne's work involves creating alphabetical lists of key terms that appear in books, so readers can find the material they want. So the 'the' question is crucial to indexers like her.
But throughout her 18-year career she grew increasingly aware that the humble 'the' was a problem.
"I don't know why I started thinking about it," she says from her home in the Blue Mountains west of Sydney.
"In indexing, we follow rules but sometimes the rules don't make sense and that bothered me."
The conundrum with 'the' is deciding how to index names or titles that include it, she explains. Should 'The Who' be indexed as 'Who, The', or 'The Who'?
The key question is finding a method that would make the index easiest to use, Browne says.
Her deceptively simple solution was published in 2001 in the journal The Indexer.
Index entries for names with 'the' in them should be indexed both with and without the 'the', so to speak, she says.
"I decided, look, people think in different ways, so let's put it in the index in two places."
It was a win-win solution, and a logical conclusion.
"Similar arguments apply to 'a' and 'an', but these are beyond the scope of this article," she notes in her paper.
Browne says the indexing skills she needs to resolve issues such as the 'the' dilemma are similar to those needed for scientific endeavour.
"I think they both have a mix of the analytical and the creative," she says.
"You need to focus very carefully, but you also need to be able to take a broad point of view."


Quick Answer: How Do You Fight A Cheque Bounce Case?
How many times a Cheque can be bounced?
Although the Reserve Bank of India states that such action can be taken only if cheques, valued Rs 1 crore or above, have bounced more than four times..
How long does it take to get the court Judgement on a Cheque bounce case in India?
around 2 to 5 yearsHow long does it take to get the court Judgement on a Cheque bounce case in India? If the case goes to court the judgement may take anywhere around 2 to 5 years to take effect. The legal recourse for cheque bounce cases is straightforward in Indian Law [under the negotiable instruments act].
Is bouncing check a criminal case?
While most bounced cheques occur simply because someone makes a mistake there could be legal ramifications. If you are accused of trying to defraud the person you have written a bad cheque to then you could be charged as a criminal.
Which Cheques are not accepted?
1) Insufficient funds: The cheque amount is more than the free balance available in the drawer's bank account. 2) Irregular signature: The signature of the drawer on the cheque does not match the specimen signature available with the bank.
How do you defend a 138 case?
The cheque issued in respect of future liabilities not in existence as on the date of cheque would not attract prosecution Under Section 138 of N.I. Act. So even if security cheque is bounced the prosecution can be initiated and only defence is that there was no legally enforceable debt.
Which courts have jurisdiction to entertain complaints under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act?
INTRODUCTION. The Supreme Court ("Court") has, in its recent decision in Dashrath Rupsingh Rathod v. State of Maharashtra & Anr.1, held that in cases of dishonour of cheque, only those courts within whose territorial limits the drawee bank is situated would have the jurisdiction to try the case.
What happens after a Cheque bounces?
If a cheque is Dishonored/Bounced: When a cheque is dishonored, the drawee bank immediately issues a 'Cheque Return Memo' to the payee mentioning the reason for non-payment such as insufficient funds, the incorrect date mentioned on the cheque, signature mismatch, mismatch of the amount and figures, etc.
How can Cheque bounce case be overcome?
One can file a suit for recovery of the cheque amount along with the cost & interest under order XXXVII of Code of Civil Procedure,1908,(which governs the suit in summary trial) and can also file a criminal complaint u/s 138 of Negotiable Instrument Act for punishing the signatory of the cheque for having committed an …
How do you get bail in a Cheque bounce case?
Bail in cheque bounce is a matter of right of the accused as it's a bailable offence. So you have to give an bail application through your advocate and have to give security as per the orders of the judicial magistrate.
What is the time limit for Cheque bounce case?
30 daysThe cheque should be returned due to insufficient funds. The notice should be given within 30 days of cheque bounce. The drawer has failed to make the payments within 15 days of Cheque bounce notice, legal action can be taken against him within 30 days.
Can you represent a bounced Cheque?
If you have the cheque and it does not state on the top "do not represent" you can take it back to your bank and ask them to "represent" it i.e. put it through the banking system again (pick the week of the month that you think money is most likely to be in the account).
How can I settle a Cheque bounce case in UAE?
In case the issuer of the bad cheque pays the fine, for cheques lower than or equal to Dh200,000, the complainant can go straight to a civil court to claim his dues.
How do you quash a Cheque in a bounce case?
If an accused wants the process under Sections 138 and 141 to be quashed by filing a petition under Section 482 CrPC, he must make out a case that making him stand the trial would be an abuse of process of court, Gunmala Sales (P) Ltd. v.
Will I go to jail if my check bounced?
If you don't clear things up quickly, you may face civil (you have to pay fines) or criminal (you face potential jail time) penalties. Criminal charges can go on your criminal record, might eventually result in jail time, and are likely to come with higher fines.
When Cheque amount is more than actual debt Offence US 138 of NI Act is not made out?
In fact, the amount covered by the cheque was larger than the amount of debt or liability. The whole amount of debt or liability was lesser than the amount represented by the cheque. So, if the cheque for such an amount was dishonoured, the same will not be an offence under Section 138 of the Act".
Who can send notice under 138?
This Notice is a Notice which shall be given by the unpaid Creditor (Payee) to the defaulting Debtor (Drawer) through an Advocate in case of dishonour of Cheque under section 138 of Negotiable Instrument Act.
How can I file a case for Cheque bounce?
Can you send the Cheque again to the bank if it has bounced once?
Answer: Yes, you can present the cheque again in the bank for payment, even if it was dishonoured on the first occasion. However, it goes without saying that the cheque can be presented again in the bank only during the period of its validity. Normally, the period of validity of the cheque is 3 months.


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While water is essential to life, it's one of the most destructive elements on the planet. Without the use of a water tank surface coating, the substrate in a municipal tank is vulnerable to factors such as corrosion, deterioration and nitrification. The destructive problems compromise the safety of the water within a tank and reduce the tank's service life. Maintenance that includes the proper application of surface coatings mitigates these risks and increases a tank's durability.
Water Tank Designs and Associated Risks
By design, municipal water tanks should never affect the safety of the water, as it's already susceptible to environmental influences like mineral accumulation, pH changes, bacteria and algae. Common tank types include:
- Fiberglass: Fiberglass water tanks are vulnerable to sunlight.
- Steel: Steel tanks are susceptible to corrosion.
- Concrete: Concrete deteriorates with time. Wet/dry cycles make the material susceptible to sulfate attacks and salts. Freeze/thaw cycles may cause the formation of cracks. Even high-quality concrete is at risk.
Water Tank Surface Coatings for Added Protection
Surface coatings protect the inside of municipal water tanks from deterioration and corrosion, as it forms a physical barrier between the water and the walls of the tank. Some protective epoxy coatings also give tanks an added layer of chemical resistance. The best type of coating to use depends on the design of the tank, the material from which it is made and the standards outlined by the American Water Works Association.
Fiberglass and polyethylene tanks, particularly those stored above ground, may require surface coatings on the exterior walls to protect them from the impact of UV rays. Without the protective coating, the tank's exterior will degrade. It's not uncommon for water tanks made of other materials to have an exterior surface coating that protects against the elements and prevents heat absorption.
The best time to apply surface coatings to a water tank is before its installation to protect it from:
- Abrasives (e.g., silt, sand and other debris in water)
- Freezing weather
- Tensile stresses
- Organic and inorganic deposits (e.g., calcium, biofilm, manganese and iron)
- Chemical attacks (e.g., low pH levels or acid in the water)
- Chlorine losses in the stored water
If a contractor didn't apply a water tank surface coating before a tank's installation, it is possible to apply it during maintenance.
The Importance of Surface Preparation before Applying a Water Tank Surface Coating
Protective coatings extend the life of water tanks and help protect the water they hold. The success of the coatings depends on the tank's surface preparation. It is not enough to merely power-wash or use washouts to prepare the surface because they don't fully remove organic and inorganic deposits. Leftover deposits reduce the coating's durability and cause it to bubble, crater or crack.
When applying surface coatings, it's also crucial to create the ideal environment for it to dry. Depending on the time of year and the tank's location, the temperatures and relative humidity levels may prolong a protective coat's drying time. Temporary climate control solutions lower humidity levels and promote optimal surface temperatures for the water tank surface coating to adhere to the substrate.
Polygon specializes in temporary climate control solutions that improve the performance of protective coatings during the preparation, application and curing stages. The solutions will help you stay on top of deadlines, reduce maintenance costs and prolong the amount of time between coating applications. Contact Polygon today to learn more about implementing its solutions with your municipal water tank maintenance projects.
[Photo by U.S. Department of Agriculture via CC License 2.0]


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Tropical Waves Characteristics
Interval/Period of 3-4 Days Between Waves
- Lasting from one week to several weeks
- Propagating at 10-15 KT
Wavelength of 2,000-2,500 Km
Extend Vertically Between SFC-5Km
A westward traveling tropical wave manifests quite well on the lower atmosphere. In the absence of satellite imagery, RAOBS, ship synoptic and surface observations are the best tools for finding these perturbations.
Knowledge of climatology across the region is key for tropical wave detection, as shifts on the prevailing wind flow will be the first clue of an approaching tropical wave.
Over the eastern Caribbean, the prevailing easterlies will take a more NE component as a tropical wave approaches. As the wave axis moves over the area the easterlies will return, but as it passes the winds will take an ESE component.
Over the southeastern Caribbean the tropical waves are harder to find, as their circulation tends to be masked by the ITCZ anchoring low over the Gulf of Panama. Over Panama-Costa Rica the flow during the wet season has a NE component, except when a tropical wave moves west across the region inducing an ESE rotation of the mean flow. Strong waves can then draw the ITCZ north across Panama/Costa Rica into the southern Caribbean.


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- Blockchain technology and the internet of things (IoT) likely to be used as soon as this year to monitor and manage climate change
The US blockchain lead at accounting firm KPMG, Arun Ghosh, believes that blockchain technology and IoT will be used to monitor and manage climate change in 2020.
Essentially, the amount of IoT devices collecting air pollution data is increasing, and this is giving more detailed data regarding carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere. Ghosh explains how this data can be fed into blockchain-based protocols that help manage climate change via ensuring a proper amount of carbon offset, where carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere in order to make industries carbon neutral.
Further, this IoT and blockchain technology can be used to monitor and manage any sort of pollution, including sewage outflows and storm drains. Basically, IoT devices monitor the pollution, the data is stored in a blockchain immutably and securely, and blockchain smart contracts activate mechanisms to counteract the pollution.
Apparently, the combination of blockchain and IoT technology and how it can help to manage climate change will be discussed at the World Economic Forum this month.
Image Courtesy: Pixabay


A Gene-Family Analysis of 61 Genetic Variants in the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Genes for Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes in American Indians
 1. Jinying Zhao1
 1. 1University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
 2. 2Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
 3. 3Center for American Indian Health Research, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
 4. 4MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, Maryland; the Georgetown-Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia
 5. 5Missouri Breaks Industries Research Inc, Timber Lake, South Dakota
 6. 6New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York
 7. 7Black Hills Center for American Indian Health, Rapid City, South Dakota
 1. Corresponding author: Jinying Zhao, jinying-zhao{at}ouhsc.edu.
Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Genetic variants in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) genes have been associated with smoking phenotypes and are likely to influence diabetes. Although each single variant may have only a minor effect, the joint contribution of multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to the occurrence of disease may be larger. In this study, we conducted a gene-family analysis to investigate the joint impact of 61 tag SNPs in 7 nAChRs genes on insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in 3,665 American Indians recruited by the Strong Heart Family Study. Results show that although multiple SNPs showed marginal individual association with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, only a few can pass adjustment for multiple testing. However, a gene-family analysis considering the joint impact of all 61 SNPs reveals significant association of the nAChR gene family with both insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (both P < 0.0001), suggesting that genetic variants in the nAChR genes jointly contribute to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes among American Indians. The effects of these genetic variants on insulin resistance and diabetes are independent of cigarette smoking per se.
 - Received October 6, 2011.
 - Accepted February 29, 2012.
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Adding the Data Flow Task Programmatically
Updated: 17 November 2008
Business Intelligence Development Studio includes a task called the Data Flow task, which is represented by the Microsoft.SqlServer.Dts.Pipeline.Wrapper namespace in the object model. The Data Flow task is a specialized, high-performance task, dedicated to transforming and moving data during package execution. Like other tasks, the Data Flow task is wrapped by the TaskHost object, and from the perspective of the run-time engine, this task is just another task in the package. However, the data flow contains additional objects called data flow components. These components are the components that make data move from a source to a destination, sometimes through a transformation. The components define both the direction of movement and how data is transformed. Configuring the Data Flow task involves adding components to the task, and then connecting them to establish the flow of data and achieve the intended transformation.
There are three types of components within a Data Flow task: Data Flow Sources, Data Flow Transformations, and Data Flow Destinations, shown in that order within the SSIS Designer toolbox. These types are also referred to more simply as sources, transformations, or destinations. As implied by the names, data flows from a source to a transformation, and then to a destination. This is a simplistic description of the data flow to illustrate the concept, but the Data Flow task is flexible and powerful enough to handle multiple sources, and to connect together many transformations that send output to multiple destinations.
The Data Flow task is added to a package the same way other tasks are added. After the task has been added, it is configured by adding components to the data flow task, and configuring and connecting components in the task.
The following code sample shows how to add a Data Flow task to a package. This example requires a reference to the assemblies Microsoft.SqlServer.PipelineHost, Microsoft.SqlServer.DTSPipelineWrap, and Microsoft.SqlServer.ManagedDTS.
using System;
using Microsoft.SqlServer.Dts.Runtime;
using Microsoft.SqlServer.Dts.Pipeline;
using Microsoft.SqlServer.Dts.Pipeline.Wrapper;
namespace Microsoft.SqlServer.Dts.Samples
 class Program
 static void Main(string[] args)
 Package p = new Package();
 Executable e = p.Executables.Add("DTS.Pipeline.1");
 TaskHost thMainPipe = e as TaskHost;
 MainPipe dataFlowTask = thMainPipe.InnerObject as MainPipe;
Change History
Release History
17 November 2008
Changed content:
 - Added the assembly, Microsoft.SqlServer.ManagedDTS, to the list of required assemblies for the code sample.
17 July 2006
Changed content:
 - Replaced code examples with longer samples.
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ProjectsEuropean Research Network on Philanthropy
Giving in Evidence
Fundraising from philanthropy in European Universities
Funder: European Commission
This study is the first to provide data gathered from universities across the European Union regarding the efforts made, and successes achieved, in fundraising from philanthropy for research. An additional output of the research is a new
database of contacts responsible for fundraising in almost 500 European universities. Results indicated that philanthropic fundraising is not, on the whole, taken seriously in Europeanuniversities. Only a very small number of institutions are raising significant sums of money from this source, and even fewer are accessing philanthropic funding to pay for research
and research-related activities. Whilst this may be disappointing for those hoping that private donors can represent an important source of funding for university-based research, it may also be interpreted in a more positive light as indicative of potentially significant untapped potential.
There are many different types of university, which affects their likelihood of realising philanthropic income as a result of investment in fundraising activities. The data demonstrates that success in fundraising is related to institutional privilege (what kind of a university it is, in terms of wealth, reputation and pre-existing relationships with different types of donors), as well as to the efforts made by universities (what the university does, in terms of fundraising activities), and environmental factors (where the university is located, in terms of the geo-political context). For this reason, we suggest that the concept of 'accumulative advantage' should be understood as an important factor, alongside 'efforts' and 'context' which have so far featured more prominently as key levers in the policymaking literature.


conflict was so much owed
by so many to so few
Battle of Britain London Monument Home
The Airmen's Stories - P/O V C Keough
Veron Charles 'Shorty' Keough was an American citizen from Brooklyn, New York and by 1939 had extensive flying and parachuting experience in the air shows that travelled across America.
He travelled to Europe intending to fight for Finland against Russia. Arriving after the Finnish war ended he then enlisted (with his close friends Eugene Tobin and Andrew Mamedoff) in the French Air Force but the chaotic conditions resulting from the German invasion resulted in them being shunted around France without ever being allocated a squadron or aircraft. Seeing that all was lost they managed to join the last ship from the port of St Jean-de-Luz and join the RAF in England.
Following Spitfire conversion training at 7 OTU Hawarden Keough was sent to No 609 Squadron on the 8th of August 1940 at Middle Wallop. He shared in the destruction of a Do17 on the 15th of September.
At 4' 10" Keough was the smallest pilot in the RAF and had to use two cushions in his Spitfire to see out of the cockpit.
On the 19th of September 1940 Keough (plus his two friends) were the first pilot arrivals at the newly-formed 71 'Eagle' Squadron at Kirton-in-Lindsey, Lincolnshire.
Shorty" was lost on 15th February 1941, aged 29, while on convoy protection off Flamborough Head - he may have been a victim of disorientation in cloud or oxygen failure during the chase of a Heinkel.
His body was not recovered and he is remembered on the Runnymede Memorial.
Keough (centre) with his fellow American volunteers Tobin (left) amd Mamedoff (right)
Battle of Britain Monument


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If you want to either show or see a recently released movie in Canada, it's fairly likely that you have to go to Cineplex.
Hey Matt, this is the first comment board I can find about weird monopoly suggestions that isn't locked. I hope you can find it and I hope one day thanks to your efforts, monopolies get broken up, wages rise, and I can afford to subscribe to you! Here's a really important one, maybe you've already heard of it.
Were you aware that there is a monopoly on lab mice? The Jax lab is the *only* place you can get lab rats from, to my knowledge. Every scientific experiment tested on mice in the past 30~40+ years came from here.
Full long story: _URL_
Jax-specific segment: _URL_
The problems with this arrangement are
a) the breeding pool is pretty inbred
b) every mouse is raised in pristine conditions where it never faces hunger, predators, disease, or even a shortage of mates
c) thanks to monopolistic practices, they raise these mice pristinely, and breed them the first day they are sexually mature, to produce more mice and boot them out for lab sales
d) most importantly, every animal's DNA has these tails, known as telomeres, which are spent when cells need to reproduce, especially when they have to reproduce faster than normal, such as during the healing of a wound. Because ALL of these mice have the breeding environment they do, NONE of them have had their telomeres stressed. So they've evolved these ridiculously long telomeres over thousands of generations of lab mice from this one nest.
This makes them incredibly resistant to damage. The two places this interferes with research most, are in myocarditis, and cancer. It explains why the cure for cancer is so hard to find, and it explains why so many medicines taken off the market from Vioxx to COVID vaccines get recalled due to high myocarditis rates in humans. It's because ALL our lab mice are particularly resistant to those effects, so they never show up in lab tests.
Please research and blow open the Jax monopoly.


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Jess Sashaw shares the development of our maths themed image banks and how we've brought to life some of the stories behind objects in our collection. She discusses how they help promote discussion, develop confidence and ownership and how they have help relate maths to everyday life.
Hands-on making activities are an essential part of our learning resources offer. Our activities use easy to find materials and give people the opportunity to get creative with science and maths at home and in the classroom. Jess Sashaw discusses our newly developed set of maths resources.
Our engagement reflection points help us make our experiences relevant to as wide an audience as possible. Jess Sashaw has been developing our maths engagement offer, and shares how the reflection points can help people feel more connected to maths.
Laura Bootland, Interpretation Developer at the National Railway Museum, and the Project Lead for the Brass, Steel and Fire exhibition, shares how the science capital research informed the development of the temporary exhibition.
In November, we hosted a Skills Fair for students aged 11-13 years at the Science Museum, London. Jess Sashaw, part of the team who developed and delivered the event, shares why we chose to base our fair on skills, rather than hosting a traditional careers fair.