text: The book presents a critical reading of Radhakamal Mukerjee's oeuvre. Yet in its attempt to situate Mukerjee in the history of the discipline, it explores a larger set of questions that go beyond the life and times of a pioneer. it explores the making of collective disciplinary memory and distinctive national sociological traditions. The book underlines the inherent plurality, contestation and dynamism of the sociological tradition in India. It also examines the centrality of the indignity question in the discourses and practices of the discipline. It documents the past scholarly efforts to question the historical privileging of Europe in the context of modern social sciences. Not only did Mukerjee challenge Europe's position of centrality in terms of modern knowledge systems, but also conceived of the alternative framework of understanding human action, meaning and purposes. Viewed thus, the book contributes towards contemporary endeavors to historicise the growth and development of Sociology in India.


text:
Bhubaneswar, 8/1: Cold wave continued in Odisha on Tuesday. Daringibadi remains the coldest place in Odisha. The temperature in Odisha is 7-degree Celcius. Meteorologists predicted that the temperature will rise by 3 to 4-degree Celcius. Titlagarh recorded a minimum temperature of 7.6 degrees Celsius.
Angul recorded a minimum temperature of 8 degrees Celsius, while it was 8.5 degrees Celsius in Phulbani, 9 degrees Celsius at Sonepur and 9.8 degrees Celsius in Keonjhargarh.
Cuttack recorded 11.2 degrees Celsius, whereas state capital Bhubaneswar recorded12 degrees Celsius.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Posts Tagged 'cruel and unusual punishment'
Criminal Blog Week Day 1–Sharia Criminal Law
Monday, April 11th, 2011
Being criminal defense attorneys in Bartow, we often represent clients who are originally from other countries or cultures. These clients not only have questions about their case, but also about our system of criminal justice. For example, when someone comes from a country where marijuana is legal, they do not understand why they are subjected to criminal punishment here for possession of the same drug.
Our firm recently gave a lecture on Sharia law and its impact on American jurisprudence. As part of that presentation, we talked about how Sharia criminal law is different from American criminal law. Perhaps these two systems are most different in their criminal punishment methods. Regarding criminal punishment, Sharia is noted for its draconian executions, including its use of stoning, lashing and flogging. Sharia scholars are quick to point out that these are not the only forms of punishment used by their courts, but are the ones most debated in the West as their methods are most contrary to our Eighth Amendment ban on cruel and unusual punishment.
Besides our methods of punishment, there are many differences between Sharia criminal court and American criminal court. Here are just a few such differences:
In Sharia court, trials are conducted by the judge; there is no jury system. There is no pre-trial discovery process, and no cross-examination of witnesses. Rules of evidence are also vastly different, with Sharia giving priority to oral testimony over written documents/evidence. On most charges, testimony must be established by two witnesses, preferably male witnesses. (One exception is rape, which must be established by four eyewitnesses.) A woman's testimony is worth only 1/4-1/2 to that of a male.
Forensic evidence is rejected in many cases in Sharia courts, including fingerprints, ballistics, DNA and blood samples.
These rules can make it extremely difficult for women victims in all cases, but especially rape charges.
At the cost of sacrificing due process, Sharia courts significantly increase speed and efficiency of dockets. But this is a price American criminal courts are unwilling to pay.


Reflection Perception: 12 More Mirrored Art Installations
Mirrors can disrupt our perception of our environment, especially when they're positioned to blur the lines between land and sky, up and down, reality and reflection. These 12 (more) mirrored art installations dazzle us with glinting light, confuse us with illusions and invite us to question the difference between what we are shown and what we believe to be true.
Mirrored Ziggurat by Shirin Abedinirad
mirror art ziggurat 4
mirror ziggurat
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Slivers of the sky seem to hover in mid-air if you approach this mirrored ziggurat from one of its corners, the steps reflecting the sky while the walls reflect the grass. "In this installation I have been inspired by the pyramidal structure of Ziggurat, a common form of temple in ancient Mesopotamia, attempting to connect earth and sky, so humans could be nearer to god," says artist Shirin Abedinirad. "The Mirrored Ziggurat acts as a staircase, which seeks to connect nature with human beings and to create union of ancient history and today's world. The installation offers a transformative view of the self."
Dazzling Wolf by Tomoko Konoike
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Tiny shards of mirrors reflect light all over the surrounding surfaces as they form a silvery fragmented coat for a six-legged wolf. Titled 'Donning Animal Skins and Braided Grass,' the sculpture by Tomoko Konoike draws inspiration from both tradition and pop culture in the form of manga and Shinto animism.
Landscapes Turned Upon Themselves
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Portions of a three-dimensional landscape are cut out and pasted on top of themselves in a large-scale mirror series called A Moment's Reflection by Cody William Smith. The effect is most striking at night, when one side of the sky is dramatically different from the other. "My intention is to draw new connections between familiar forms by interdicting specular reflections to environments where none would typically exist. The mirrors serve as a focal point within a given scene and also function as a window to provide an entirely unique perspective on the same location."
Maze of Mirrors at Hyde Park
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Visitors carefully navigate a maze full of mirrors in Sydney's Hyde Park, as it would be far too easy to just walk right into one of the reflective columns. Architecture firm Out of the Dark installed 81 mirrored posts with 423 reflective surfaces at the park as an interactive exhibit encouraging visitors to question what's real and what's an illusion.


Using Python scripting in Collabora Online
This document describes the Python scripting feature to manipulate documents being edited in Collabora Online.
Python scripting allows for document manipulation while being edited in Collabora Online. The use-case assumes a web page has a Collabora Online document instance open in an iframe and that the functionality that wants to access the Python scripting is on the parts of the web page outside that iframe.
The core LibreOffice has support for Python scripting already. Enhancements are made so that a Python script (or other code in the LibreOffice core) can return structured values to the JavaScript code in the browser, for instance lists, and not just simple strings or integers.
On the Online side, notifications from returning Python scripts are forwarded to the JavaScript code running in the browser.
Python script files
The Python script files containing functions to be called should be located in the LibreOffice installation, in the folder share/Scripts/python. (In the LibreOffice sources, they are in scripting/examples/python.) Currently, this folder contains,,,, and and files that are used by the demo web page framed.html
(see below), and a few others. Customer-specific Python files should be place d in the same location. After editing script files, the Collabora Online instance must be restarted.
These server-side scripts are read-only during run-time and cannot be modified via Online. Furthermore, the execution of Python scripting is limited to the Python script files in the aforementioned directory, which are prepared in advance. Arbitrary Python code execution is not possible, nor is the execution of dynamically code generated code. These are to guarantee strong security constraints.
Additional security is provided by not enabling the Python script provider by default. You need to explicitly install the collaboraofficebasis6.x-python-script-provider and collaboraofficebasis6.x-pyuno packages (replace x with the respective version number) to enable Python scripts.
In the Online sources there is a web page loleaflet/dist/framed.html and loleaflet/dist/framed.doc.html that are examples of web pages that run an unmodified Collabora Online instance inside an HTML iframe, and then from the HTML code outside the iframe calls Python scripts in the underlying LibreOffice instance to manipulate data in the document open in the Collabora Online instance. Various parameters can be passed to the Python scripts, and return values handled.
Both framed.html and framed.doc.html is just for demonstration purposes and very bare-bones visually.
Forms and JavaScript in framed.html and framed.doc.html
framed.html and framed.doc.html contain a set of small HTML forms and corresponding JavaScript functions that are invoked when a form is submitted. When a form is submitted, in this demonstration case, a corresponding JavaScript function is called. Of course in a real-life use case this could be constructed differently. The JavaScript function fetches the input fields and passes them to the JavaScript functionality of the Collabora Online running inside the iframe using the postMessage() standard JavaScript function.
The parameter to postMessage is a stringified JSON object. The interesting fields in that are: MessageId, which should be CallPythonScript, ScriptFile, which should be the file name of the Python source file containing the Python function to be called, Function which should be the name of the Python function to be called, and Values which should be a JSON object containing the (named) parameters to that Python function.
The JavaScript function receiveMessage() is set up to handle postMessage() events posted to the HTML page from the iframe, and handle especially those corresponding to return values from called Python functions. Those are distinguished by having a MessageId of CallPythonScript-Result.
Once receiveMessage() knows it is handling a return value from a Python script, it checks the commandName field which contains the LibreOffice URL of the called Python function. In the demonstration framed.html it is receiveMessage that then directly does what is necessary depending on the function called. In a more real-life use case, this could be done in some more generic and complex manner of course.
Sample Scripts
These scripts are provided as samples and as starting points for experimentation and further development. Users are encouraged to make copies of them and modify as necessary. Note that they may get overwritten when upgrading the Online packages, so making separate copies is highly recommended to avoid losing any changes.
The first form sets the colour of a cell in the (Calc) document open in the Collabora Online instance. The (zero-based) x and y coordinates of the cell, and the colour (in HTML format, like _TAG_ for a very light green) are input fields of the form. In this case the Python file is called, the function is called SetCellColor, and the parameters are the x and y coordinates and the colour.
The second form has no input fields and causes the function GetNamedRanges() in the Python file to be called. That function takes no parameter but returns a value that is a list of named ranges in the document. The receiveMessage() function inserts these into a textarea element.
The third form is used to add a named range to the document. The input fields are as expected, the name and the range. The called Python function is AddNamedRange, also in The JavaScript to call this is somewhat complicated because of different syntax used in the input fields and parameters passed to that Python function. One could as well put the parameter mangling into Python code, of course.
Finally, and simplest sample, is a form to delete a named range.
This script demonstrates inserting a custom text into a Writer document, replacing any selection (if exists), otherwise inserting at the cursor's position.


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As the world evolves with the changing force of globalization, significant disparities grow among people, social classes, communities and countries. In Mexico, unhealthy lifestyles and educational shortcomings are exacerbating physical, mental, and social problems in young adults. Issues such as sedentary lifestyles, social isolation, apathy, corruption, discrimination, and unhealthy eating habits result in a high incidence of obesity and/or diabetes. Linked to the latter are low self-esteem and depression, which in turn increase the likelihood of substance abuse and intra-family violence by young people.
Sports for Sharing exists to promote equality, break down social barriers, and connect people through common goals and objectives. We've designed a program that uses sports and games to teach Mexican children global awareness and the value of contributing towards positive change in their communities. The program relies on the United Nations Millennium Development Goals to guide children's social consciousness. Responsible citizenship is promoted through values that encourage community participation and collaborative problem solving.
In four years we have reached out to over 44,000 children from 19 Mexican states in a mixture of rural and urban areas, public and private schools, and shelters for Indigenous children.
Through educational games and reflection we are molding a generation of children that values teamwork, fair play, gender equity, tolerance, respect, and responsibility – ingredients for significant social impact in Mexico.
Research conducted prior to and following program implementation tells us that:
- 37% more participants now prefer to play with both girls and boys.
- 31% more participants now agree that actions can be made locally to help solve global problems.
- 17% more participants now prefer teamwork.
- 49% of participants externalize/share the lessons learned during the program.
Through five points of contact:
1) Sessions with teachers: Learn by playing
Sports for Sharing trains teachers and indigenous shelter managers on how to implement the program within their student body. In training, adults have the opportunity to experience the program just as the children later do and to complement their teaching tools and methods.
2) Sessions with children: Citizenship made fun
Sessions are facilitated in a wide range of urban and rural locations including schools, shelters and indigenous communities. A signature game within the program is Doctor Dodgeball. It is designed to help participants understand the concept of community health and disease prevention. Within the game there are two communities of people, each with one doctor. A ball, representing a disease, is thrown from one community to the other. When the ball hits players, they seek medicine from the doctor. The game imagines a scenario with a limited amount of medicine, and when the medicine runs out, "infected" participants must step out to an imaginary hospital. The teams or communities must create strategies to avoid catching the disease. Following the game, facilitators open a session for reflection, explaining that the game is a metaphor for life and that there are lessons to be learned: how to prevent diseases, how to act strategically as a community, and how to care for the ill, among other lessons.
3) Sessions with parents: Holistic approach
The program is specifically designed for children, but parents are encouraged to attend a session of their own. The aim is to open dialogue between parents and children about the lessons learned and to reinforce the values at home.
4) Visit from an Athlete Ambassador: Providing inspiration
Children participate in an inspirational session held by an athlete ambassador. During this time they have the opportunity to engage in the experiences shared by this role model. Ambassadors tell their story in dynamic presentations, answer children's questions, and overall promote and encourage positive values. This session is designed to show tangible achievement and inspire them to pursue their own interests. We look to invite a diverse range of athletes (including Paralympic athletes) to broaden children's horizons and expose them to new possibilities.
5) Exchange of Cultural Treasure Chests: A point of difference
As a grand finale, children create and exchange treasure chests with other communities. This is conducted through a specially designed exchange system coordinated by program facilitators. Children are encouraged to think about what makes them culturally unique, and as a group they define the design and contents of their treasure chest. As a rule, everything in it must be of the children's own creation. The idea is for participants from diverse backgrounds to interact long-distance through representative objects and for them to engage in a cross-cultural experience. For instance, children from rural backgrounds will exchange boxes with children from metropolitan locations, fostering inclusivity within a diverse country.
We are a group of young professionals committed to a program that generates positive social impact through local actions. We are idealists in thought, but realists in action. We are determined and responsible leaders in Mexico, and we never look away from our goals.
We have reached out to a noteworthy number of participants, but since there are 32 million children in Mexico, our work is cut out for us. Our goal for 2012 is to reach 280,000 more children. To accomplish this we depend on a mix of both financial and social support. We call out to you to help us with this and future goals.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Kronos, an exhibition featuring new painting and photography works by contemporary artists Sabatino Cersosimo and Rad Husak.
The show explores the expression of the human figure and the passing of time in painting and photography today.
The name 'Kronos' derives from classical antiquity, representing the personification of time.
Sabatino Cersosimo's art explores psychological and relational complexity, with humanity and time as the principal focus in his paintings. While painting on a steel surface, Cersosimo employs the effects of oxidation, obtained with water and other natural elements. Such oxidations act on the metal through their uncontrollable nature, while representing the notion of time passing - the pathos of things - evoking the atmosphere of the moment vividly, while condemning man to the physical and psychological decadence of his time on earth.
Rad Husak is a contemporary process-driven artist whose practice is firmly situated in the expanded field of photography and print. His latest series explores the body is various ways, always askance but with the human element unmistakably as the subject. His portrayal of the male nude is infused with near-sculptural elegance and classical composure. The artist captures the male nude as a reflection of an ideal of beauty found in sculptures and paintings from ancient Greece and Rome.
In this artistic dialogue, the figure, the body, is a locus of transgression. Each artist is creating inspiring figurative works that speak to the present and offer glimpses into the future, in the circle of Kronos, highlighting the impact and the importance of time in the process of creation.
Kronos is at the Dellasposa Gallery until March 15th 2019
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Characterization of distributed performance of polymer electrolyte fuel cells under low humidity conditions
Abstract (Summary)iii Low humidity operation is helpful to restrain flooding within polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs), as well as to reduce system overhead. However, low humidity operation also brings challenge on membrane hydration. In order to better understand the water transport in PEFCs under low humidity condition, as well as provide detailed experimental validation for development of advanced modeling of PEFCs, an experimental study combining simultaneous current, resistance and species distribution measurements was conducted, and a quasi-two-dimensional mass transport model was developed to analyze the effect of transport properties of fuel cell materials on water management for low humidity operation. Two segmented fuel cells with very different flow field configurations and thermal boundary conditions were designed and developed for this study. The actively control on the backing plate temperature of the improved design enables an isothermal boundary condition. Two new techniques for in-situ species measurement, a Micro Gas Chromatograph (Micro GC) and a Real Time Gas Analyzer (RTGA), have been applied with the ability to measure up to saturated levels in the flow stream. Typical PEFC steady-state and transient behaviors under low humidity operating conditions were investigated respect to various operation parameters, including inlet humidity, reactant stoichiometry, temperature, and pressure. The results show that, under reduced humidity conditions the anode water content has dominating effect on current density profile. The current distribution curves look qualitatively similar to water mole fraction in the anode curves, and the inverse of the high frequency resistance (HFR) profiles. Based on these experimental results, a characteristic profile of current density, species, and HFR distributions is proposed for low humidity operation. The change of thermal boundary does affect the distributed performance, although the essential distribution profiles are maintained, reaffirming the importance of thermal management on water management. The dynamic response of fuel cell performance to step change in voltage is heavily affected by humidification condition. For a dry cathode condition, the anode iv water content adjusts relatively slowly from high to low current, while for a dry cathode condition, the adjustment is relatively fast. For both cases, the current density adjustment time corresponds to the time of mass adjustment in the anode side, not the cathode side, indicating a non-linear water content profile in the electrolyte membrane. With low inlet humidities, the fuel cell performance is more limited by insufficient electrolyte hydration instead of depletion of oxygen. In general, the higher overall input relative humidity results in the higher bulk cell performance, despite very different local distributions. The humidifying effect from water production on the cathode catalyst layer is another critical factor for the performance PEFCs under low humidity condition. Higher cathode stoichiometry, elevated cell temperature, and lower exit pressure can all increase the amount of water required for humidification and reduce the humidifying effect of water production, resulting in lower cell performance. However, a high overall inlet relative humidity can negatively impact the cell performance under the combination of high temperature and low pressure due to the extremely low oxygen concentration. A mass transport model was developed to examine the transport properties of Gore SELECT® MEAs, as well as be a tool to look at ideal low humidity operation design. The mass transport model found that the water diffusion coefficient in Gore SELECT® reinforced membrane roughly equals the coefficient in Nafion® membrane. It was also detected that the mass transport resistance of porous gas diffusion media can create considerable water activity difference between the gas flow channel and the catalyst layer, which boosts the humidifying effect of generated water. The relatively high binary diffusion coefficient of H2O/H2 in the anode compared to the air cathode contributes to the dominating effect of local anode water profiles on local cell performance. These findings also provide direction to the development of MEA for low humidity operation.
School Location:USA - Pennsylvania
Source Type:Master's Thesis
Date of Publication:


genus of insects
Drosophila is a genus of small flies, belonging to the family Drosophilidae The family is often called called "fruit flies".
Drosophila sp.
Scientific classification
Fallén, 1823
Pupae (brown examples are older than the white ones)
Adult Drosophila melanogaster
There are many species in this genus, and the genus is split down into sub-genera. Some do prefer places where there is rotting fruit. The adults may feed on nectar, and may lay their eggs on or near decaying fruit. The details differ greatly from species to species.
There are many species, and their distribution in world-wide. In Britain alone more than 5000 species have been recorded.[1] The largest number of species is in the Hawaiian Islands.
One species of Drosophila in particular, D. melanogaster, was used in research in genetics research. It is a common model organism in developmental biology. The genus has more than 1,500 species,[2] and has varied appearance, behaviour, and breeding habitats. Other species which have been widely investigated include D. pseudoobscura (used by Dobzhansky in field research) and D. subobscura, used in the UK as a laboratory Drosophila.
Sturtevant at one time had 42 species of Drosophila in his lab for examination.[3]
Life cycleEdit
Drosophila species
Related generaEdit
Drosophila has a number of close relatives, and some may actually be within its genus.
 - Lordiphosa is a genus which is very similar to Drosophila.[4] Its origin seems to be in S.E. Asia, probably China or Sri Lanka.
 - Scaptomyza is a genus which has most probably evolved from Drosophila on the Hawaiian islands.[5] "The Hawaiian Drosophilidae are monophyletic".[6] There are a large number of species (at least 270 have been described). This suggests the species evolved on some of the earlier islands in the Hawaiian chain which are no longer above water.
Related pagesEdit
 1. Shorrocks B. 1972. Drosophila. London: Ginn, p79. ISBN 0-602-21665-6
 2. Bächli G. 1999–2006. TaxoDros Archived 2006-02-09 at the Wayback Machine: The database on taxonomy of Drosophilidae.
 3. Sturtevant A.H. 1939. On the subdivisions of the genus Drosophila. Genetics 25, 137.
 4. Hu Y.-g.; Toda M.J.; Watabe H-a. 1999. A revision of the Lordiphosa tenuicauda species-group, with descriptions of eight new species from China (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Entomological Science 2: 105–119. [1]
 5. Kaneshiro K.Y; Gillespie R.G. & Carson, H.L. 1995. Chromosomes & male genitalia of Hawaiian Drosophila, in Evolution on a hot spot archipelago (eds Wagner W.L. & Funk V.A.) Smithsonian, p57. ISBN 1-56098-463-5
 6. DeSalle R. 1995. Molecular approaches to biogeographic analysis of Hawaiian Drosophilidae. In Evolution on a hot spot archipelago (eds Wagner W.L. & Funk V.A.) Smithsonian, p72–89.


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Tab welding is a crucial process for the good operation of batteries. Oversights can diminish the performance and range of the battery, reduce its mechanical strength, lower its thermal efficiency, and even cause safety issues.
Different welding methods are used to make all the necessary tab-to-terminal connections (foil-to-tab, tab-to-busbar, etc.) These methods include ultrasonic bonding, laser welding, resistance welding, and micro TIG welding. Whether one method is better suited than another depends on the requirements, such as the combination of materials and the tab thickness.
What is a Battery Tab?
Battery tabs, or terminals, are the positive and negative connectors that carry the cells' electrical current. Each tab is connected to a module's busbar (or a collector plate) that redistributes the positive and negative current to new terminals. Several modules are connected in the same way to form the battery pack.
Inside the cell casing, tabs are connected to current collectors, or foils, that are made of highly conductive materials like aluminum and copper. They carry the positive and negative current from the electrodes.
Battery tabs have the same use for all types of cells but take different forms. Here is where they are located and what they look like for each type of EV battery cell.
|Prismatic cells||Pouch cells|
Figures courtesy of Battery University (cylindrical cells), Stefano Landini (prismatic cells), and Jaguemont et al. (pouch cells)
What Are the Tab Welding Methods?
In a battery pack, hundreds and sometimes thousands of welds are needed to make the connections from the cells to the terminals. Tabs and terminals are not only connected to busbars and collector plates, but also to current collectors inside the cells.
The quality of these connections is crucial to the quality of the battery, where even a 1% fail rate is a serious issue. Appropriate measures must be taken to guarantee that surfaces are clean before welding, such as preparing them with laser cleaning or working in a controlled environment.
Knowing when to use which welding method is not always easy. Let's go over each one.
Ultrasonic bonding, or ultrasonic welding, uses ultrasounds to create vibrations between the materials to be joined. The rapid friction between the materials generates enough heat to join them almost instantly.
This technology is used for foil-to-tab welds as well as to connect cells to busbars via wires, a method known as ultrasonic wire bonding.
Here's an example of foil-to-tab welds using an ultrasonic welder.
Laser welding is a high-speed process that uses a highly focused beam of light to join surfaces. The laser beam is directed and moved using ultrafast moving X-Y mirrors. This provides a lot of flexibility, making it possible to weld any joint geometry as well as custom weld patterns.
Pulsed fiber lasers are the lasers of choice for battery welding because they lead to smaller heat affected zones, lower porosity, and less spatter. They can weld thin or thick tabs, and process copper, aluminum, steel, and nickel as well as dissimilar materials.
Laser welding can be used to make tab-to-busbar connections as well as foil-to-tab welds. You can see an example of busbar connections below.
Resistance welding, also called spot welding, is a method that uses copper or tungsten electrodes charged with electrical current to perform the welding. As pressure is applied on the area to be welded, an electrical current is passed through the electrodes. This generates heat at the contact area and bonds the two metals together.
Resistance welding can be used for foil-to-tab and tab-to-busbar welds. It is a cost-effective welding process that is ideal for DIY battery enthusiasts, but it can be automated as well.
Here is an example of tab welds performed using a spot welder.
Micro TIG Welding
Micro TIG welding, also known as pulse arc welding, uses a small electrode filled with current to generate high-temperature plasma that melts metal in a small area. As hinted by its name, "micro" TIG welding is for small workpieces, and is thus perfect for small battery components.
This method works well with thick copper and can be used for tab-to-busbar welding. Here is an example of copper tabs being welded.
Laser Cleaning: The Perfect Method for Weld Preparation
It is no secret: producing quality joints is essential for the overall quality of the battery. It minimizes the energy loss and heat generation during charges and discharges, and it improves the durability and mechanical reliability of the battery.
In electric vehicles, lithium-ion batteries are the most expensive parts, and recalls must be avoided at all costs.
Manufacturers should make sure that surfaces are perfectly clean before welding. High power laser cleaning is ideal for this, as it removes coatings, electrolytes, and oxides with speed, consistency, and precision.
Here's what the process looks like.
If you have a tab welding application that could benefit from laser cleaning or laser welding, contact a Laserax expert today.


Kamus Online
suggested words
Hasil cari dari kata atau frase: zest (0.01122 detik)
Found 3 items, similar to zest.
English → Indonesian (quick) Definition: zest animo, semangat
English → English (WordNet) Definition: zest zest n 1: vigorous and enthusiastic enjoyment [syn: gusto, relish, zestfulness] 2: a tart spiciness [syn: nip, piquance, piquancy, tang, tanginess] zest v : add herbs or spices to [syn: spice, spice up]
English → English (gcide) Definition: Zest Zest \Zest\, n. [F. zeste, probably fr. L. schistos split, cleft, divided, Gr.?, from? to split, cleave. Cf. Schism.] [1913 Webster] 1. A piece of orange or lemon peel, or the aromatic oil which may be squeezed from such peel, used to give flavor to liquor, etc. [1913 Webster] 2. Hence, something that gives or enhances a pleasant taste, or the taste itself; an appetizer; also, keen enjoyment; relish; gusto. [1913 Webster] Almighty Vanity! to thee they owe Their zest of pleasure, and their balm of woe. --Young. [1913 Webster] Liberality of disposition and conduct gives the highest zest and relish to social intercourse. --Gogan. [1913 Webster] 3. The woody, thick skin inclosing the kernel of a walnut. [Obs.] [1913 Webster] Zest \Zest\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Zested; p. pr. & vb. n. Zesting.] [1913 Webster] 1. To cut into thin slips, as the peel of an orange, lemon, etc.; to squeeze, as peel, over the surface of anything. [1913 Webster] 2. To give a relish or flavor to; to heighten the taste or relish of; as, to zest wine. --Gibber. [1913 Webster]
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text: Unionists in Northern Ireland have traditionally been committed to citizenship, whereas nationalists have been concerned with culture. Citizenship has been defined in terms of the politics of universalism where each person has individual rights. Nationalists identify with a communal structure, arguing that equality can only be achieved when group differences receive political affirmation. This book traces the redefinition of aspects of Ulster-British culture, as prompted by the Anglo-Irish agreement of 1985. Since that time Irish communal culture has increasingly been endorsed by officialdom. From an interdisciplinary perspective, Mairead Nic Craith explores the establishment of the Community Relations Council and the development of a bi-cultural infrastructure in spheres such as language, media and museums, and queries whether these developments have dissipated rather than essentialized communities. As unionists develop an interest in cultural affairs and nationalists acquire the language of citizenship, the author proposes that a more equitable future may lie in the concept of cultural citizenship.


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WUBS (Web User Booking System) has been developed at Loughborough University Library to allow online booking of resources (rooms, PCs, etc) directly by end users. It has been in production use at Loughborough since October 2004.
Allows resources to be of arbitrary, admin defined types. For example you might have types of "Group Study Room", "Bookable PC", "Staff Loan Laptop", with multiple resources of each type
Individual resources can have different booking periods defined, with gaps allowed between booking slots (allowing, for example, one group to a room and then another group takes up residence outside of the booked slot)
Resources and/or types can have periods defined when they aren't available for bookings (eg during holidays or building refurbishments)
"Librarian" and admin staff can act as other users to allow them to book resources on behalf of students (handy if sitting at a help desk or on the end of a support line)
Different classes of user can have different limits to the number of resources they can book, with different rules for different types of resource as well
User information picked out of the Active Directory


text:
Creator: Daniel, Wilma Thomas
Description: The problem under consideration is to determine the changes in group responsibility in a second grade as a result of concerted effort. The concerted efforts made in this experiment were telling, reading, and dramatizing stories, poems, and songs of responsibility; discussing of stories, poems, songs, and filmstrips of responsibility; the assigning of definite classroom responsibility; and the assigning of definite study responsibility. This study attempts to answer the question, how much change, positive or negative, will occur in group responsibility as a result of the above-mentioned efforts?
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries


text:
A new study attempts to understand the neurobehavioral impact of young adults who binge drink on caffeinated drinks and alcohol — particularly to explore adolescent responses compared to adults.
Binge drinking (and co-consuming) alcohol and caffeinated energy drinks is common with young adults, and previous studies have already linked it with an increased prevalence of "behaving badly", a.k.a. hazardous behaviors.
Animal models can help us further understand the neurobehavioral impact of this type of binge co-drinking, but no work to date has explored the long-term effects of alcohol and caffeine co-drinking in adolescent animals.
For the study, recently published in Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, adolescent and adult male mice were provided with limited access to the following every day for two weeks, using the animal model of binge-like ethanol drinking, called Drinking in the Dark:
- Caffeine (0.03% w/v —percentage weight for volume—meaning 0.03% of caffeine was dissolved in a solvent and made up to a final solution volume of 100 ml. This amount is similar to what is found in common energy drinks (e.g. Red Bull)
- Alcohol (20% v/v—percentage volume for volume—meaning a 20% v/v ethanol solution in water; 20 ml of ethanol in 100 ml of solution)
- A combined caffeine/alcohol solution, or
Locomotor activity (movement from one location to another) of each mouse was looked at during Drinking in the Dark. Following that, the mice rested for 18 days so that adolescent mice reached adulthood.
Researchers discovered that co-consuming alcohol and caffeine considerably increased alcohol (ethanol) intake and blood ethanol concentrations in young adult mice and adult mice. Adolescent mice displayed strong locomotor stimulant response to this method of co-drinking.
Study results suggest that co-consuming caffeine with alcohol may increase binge alcohol drinking in young adults and that adolescents may be sensitive to the intoxicating effects of caffeinated alcohol drinking. This could be linked to an increased incidence of associated negative consequences.
Source for Today's Article:
Fritz B.M., et al., "Concomitant Caffeine Increases Binge Consumption of Ethanol in Adolescent and Adult Mice, But Produces Additive Motor Stimulation Only in Adolescent Animals," Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 2016 Jun;40(6):1351-60. doi: 10.1111/acer.13089. Epub 2016 May 7.


Strategies for Social Good?
Group of people seen from above gathered together in the shape of a "thumbs up" symbol standing on a white background
Most of us are motivated to contribute something positive to the greater good of the world around us.
This motivation does not stop when we enter into our respective workplaces. When we spend forty or more hours a week working as part of an organization, we want to feel that our combined efforts are part of something bigger. We want to belong to an organization that gives back, not just to each one of us as employees, but to the broader social community. In recognition of this motivation, many Canadian companies are building their organizational frameworks on managerial strategies that allow for a reach beyond the workplace, into the broader community, to contribute to a social good.
Three examples of Canadian companies that have built their strategic frameworks on the principles of 'good deeds' are outlined in a recent article published by Canadian Business.
Click here to read about the initiatives implemented by Oliberté, Nude Bee Honey and Canada Goose.
From a compensation strategy perspective, each of these Canadian companies seems to include an element of reinvesting their rewards back into their communities, the environment, and their workers. As noted in the article, each of these profitable organizations must have the buy-in of their staff if they want to be successful in bringing about environmental or social change.
As a result, these strategies come at a price for consumers at the point of purchase. In the same way that employees may be motivated by doing good, these companies are successful through the targeting of socially conscious consumers who may be willing and able to pay in order to be part of a broader good.
Discussion Questions:
 1. How does a prospective employer's commitment to social responsibility influence your career choices?
 2. What types of managerial strategies are evident in Oliberté, Nude Bee Honey and Canada Goose?
 3. How is employee citizenship behaviour rewarded in each of these companies?
 4. Would you pay more for a product if you knew that the profits would be used for social good?


text:
ELSA Reaction Wall at JRC
The European Laboratory for Structural Assessment (ELSA) was opened in 1992. It operates a reaction wall facility of unique dimensions and testing capabilities in Europe and worldwide. The ELSA team comprises 35 scientific and technical staff. It has developed and implemented the pseudodynamic (PsD) testing method and performed numerous large-scale reference tests. ELSA has become a world renowned reference for experimental research, fostering collaboration across EU laboratories, research centres and industry. ELSA operates a 16 m-tall, 21 m-long reaction wall, with two reaction platforms of total surface 760 m2 that allow testing real-scale specimens on both sides of the wall. The laboratory is equipped with 28 actuators with capacities between 0.2 and 3 MN and strokes between ±0.125 and 1.0 m. The actuators control system is designed in-house to perform tests with the continuous PsD method with substructuring, that permits testing elements of large structures, bidirectional testing of multi-storey buildings, and testing of strain-rate dependent devices.
ELSA has been supporting research related to the structural/seismic safety of structures, including: reference tests on reinforced concrete (RC) buildings with and without infill wall panels; reference and pioneering tests on fullscale bridges, including irregular configurations, isolation and asynchronous input motion using the PsD method with non-linear substructuring; tests on models of parts of monuments for the development of assessment methods and protection techniques; reference tests on concrete-steel composite structures; experimental tests on fibre-reinforced concrete composite structures; reference tests on models representative of existing vulnerable structures for the development of conventional or novel techniques and the calibration of European codes for assessment, strengthening and repair; development of the continuous PsD method, allowing more efficient seismic testing of large-scale specimens; development of base isolation and energy dissipation systems; experiments on active and semi-active control of windor traffic-induced vibrations. Further to the current areas of research, new ones that will be opened to users comprise: performance of elements of buildings using glass as structural material, performance of structures against multiple natural and man-made hazards, multi-functional materials/elements for energy-efficient new and existing (nearly zeroenergy) buildings, pre-normative research in support of the next generation of the Eurocodes, applications of automated construction, innovative sensors for smart infrastructures and cities.
Services currently offered by the infrastructure: The services offered by ELSA are of vital importance for European research in structural and earthquake engineering, enabling scientists to carry out high-quality research through: experimental facilities that are unique in Europe for testing full-scale large structures under seismic or other loads; the competence in computational mechanics to support the design, simulation and interpretation of experiments; the critical mass of its research team, that allows the set-up of co-ordinated research projects; the established collaboration with the main research institutions outside Europe (China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, USA, etc.) in earthquake engineering; a database containing the experimental data generated by the infrastructure and already used for calibration/adoption of European standards and mitigation of seismic risk for existing ordinary and heritage structures. Users will benefit from the knowledge generated by ELSA, as represented by the most relevant scientific achievements comprising large-scale seismic tests on bridges with asynchronous input motion, buildings under bidirectional seismic action, base-isolated structures, buildings with passive protection devices and components of the ITER Joint Undertaking infrastructure.
The experimental tests that are conducted at ELSA are of such scale and complexity, that no other infrastructure in Europe can match. The uniqueness of the services that ELSA offers makes it a first candidate for European users to apply for access. Since its opening, ELSA developed a tradition of collaboration with research and industrial partners from all over Europe. Users from new Member States have had increased access to ELSA during FP7. Around 100 international users benefit every year from the ELSA infrastructure. This proposal is expected to increase the number of users from other countries. This conclusion is drawn from the experience from the last FP project that offered transnational access to seismic testing facilities, namely the FP7 SERIES project, where ELSA provided a total of 36 access days to 30 users from 16 institutions of 9 European countries.


text:
by Paul Celan
Deathfugue Theme of Identity
Jewish and German identity are kept separate in "Deathfugue." The Jews are treated as an undifferentiated group and live inside a camp. The German guard is taken as an individual and lives in a house like an average person. The figure of Marguerite represents a particular Nazi racial ideal, in which blond-hair and blue eyes represent a kind of innocent virtue. The figure of Shulamith is contrasted against her as a beautiful woman whose "ashen" hair reminds us that the race she belongs to is going up in smoke. In creating this separation, Celan demonstrates how Nazi thinking managed to impress itself even on its victims. Even though the Jews are also citizens of European countries, they have been denied a national identity. They cannot be both German and Jewish, but only one or the other. Notice, too, how all the characters in the poem are described only in the most general terms, as if to show the dehumanizing effect of the camps.
Questions About Identity
- Why is the Nazi guard referred to only as a "man" who "lives in the house"? How is his identity presented to the reader?
- If "Death is a master from Deutschland," then who is Death? A real person? An abstract idea? Somewhere in the middle?
- Does the poem have a single speaker or several speakers? Does it make a difference to you as a reader?
- What do we know about the speaker or speakers of the poem? Are any details provided?
- How does the contrast between Marguerite and Shulamith frame our understanding of the German and Jewish cultures as presented by the poem?
Chew on This
The guard represents the idea of "the banality of evil," and he is deliberately presented as an ordinary and unexceptional person.
Shulamith is a symbol for the homelessness of the Jewish people, who have been expelled from their motherand father-lands in Europe.


text:
Under the proposed system the overall payment rate is determined by the measurement of a car's carbon dioxide emissions when new. The higher the emissions, the higher the tax paid. The scale of charges suggested ranges from £160 for the dirtiest engines to £80 for the cleanest.
The paper's author Dr David Taylor also suggests the duty levels on diesel be increased to equivalent levels for petrol because of its relatively high carbon content. The tax disc, Dr Taylor suggests, could become the mark of a 'dirty' car and be excluded from environmental zones established in urban areas. Under the new VED system carbon dioxide emissions would be measured in grams per kilometre.


Skip to Content
Temozolamide use while Breastfeeding
Medically reviewed by Last updated on April 14, 2021.
Temozolamide Levels and Effects while Breastfeeding
Summary of Use during Lactation
Most sources consider breastfeeding to be contraindicated during maternal antineoplastic drug therapy, especially alkylating agents such as temozolamide.[1] It might be possible to breastfeed safely during intermittent therapy with an appropriate period of breastfeeding abstinence. The manufacturer recommends withholding breastfeeding for 1 week after the last dose. Chemotherapy may adversely affect the normal microbiome and chemical makeup of breastmilk.
Drug Levels
Temozolamide is metabolized to the same active metabolite as dacarbazine.
Effects in Breastfed Infants
Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.
Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk
A woman diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma during the second trimester of pregnancy received 3 rounds of chemotherapy during the third trimester of pregnancy and resumed chemotherapy 4 weeks postpartum. Milk samples were collected 15 to 30 minutes before and after chemotherapy for 16 weeks after restarting. The regimen consisted of doxorubicin 40 mg, bleomycin 16 units, vinblastine 9.6 mg and dacarbazine 600 mg, all given over a 2-hour period every 2 weeks. The microbial population and metabolic profile of her milk were compared to those of 8 healthy women who were not receiving chemotherapy. The breastmilk microbial population in the patient was markedly different from that of the healthy women, with increases in Acinetobacter sp., Xanthomonadacae and Stenotrophomonas sp. and decreases in Bifidobacterium sp. and Eubacterium sp. Marked differences were also found among numerous chemical components in the breastmilk of the treated woman, most notably DHA and inositol were decreased.[2]
Pistilli B, Bellettini G, Giovannetti E, et al. Chemotherapy, targeted agents, antiemetics and growth-factors in human milk: How should we counsel cancer patients about breastfeeding? Cancer Treat Rev. 2013;39:207–11. [PubMed: 23199900]
Urbaniak C, McMillan A, Angelini M, et al. Effect of chemotherapy on the microbiota and metabolome of human milk, a case report. Microbiome. 2014;2:24. [PMC free article: PMC4109383] [PubMed: 25061513]
Substance Identification
Substance Name
CAS Registry Number
Drug Class
Breast Feeding
Antineoplastic Agents
Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating
Further information


Question 3: Is a collaboration contract a type of LC? What are the legal risks for Employers upon entering into a collaboration contract?
Is a collaboration contract a seasonal or specific job-based LC?
 1. Legal grounds for governing a collaboration contract
As a matter of law, a collaboration contract may be considered a type of service contract because of the existence of a relationship between the service provider and the service user. The concept of service contract is currently being governed by the two main sources of law, the Civil Code and the Commercial Law. The issue is in that which legislation, the Civil Code or the Commercial Law will be the governing source of law in this case? Considering the nature of a collaboration contract, it can be seen that this is an activity towards profits (by both the service user as enterprises and the service provider as individuals). Therefore, the governing source of law for the collaboration contract will be the Commercial Law pursuant to the principles of the governing scope of Articles 1.1 and 3.1 of the Commercial Law.
 1. May a collaboration contract be considered a type of LC?
Pursuant to the prevailing labour law, there are three types of LC which Employers may enter into with Employees: indefinite LC, definite LC and seasonal or specific job-based LC with a term of less than 12 months[1]. As a result, the collaboration contract is basically not a type of LC specified in the Labor Code. However, considering the content of an LC, the Labor Code defines an LC as follows: "An LC is an agreement between Employees and Employers on paid jobs, working conditions, rights and obligations of each party in the employment relationship"[2]. Specifically, an LC must contain some provisions related to Employees' rights, such as LC term (for seasonal LC, the maximum term is under 12 months), salary, salary payment time limit, salary allowances and other additions, salary raise regime, working time, rest breaks, overtime and etc.[3] Therefore, if a collaboration contract includes the same contents as an LC, the collaboration contract may be considered an LC, i.e. the labour relationship rather than the relationship of services supply established between the parties.
 - Legal risks for Employers upon entering into a collaboration contract instead of an LC
Firstly, for contracting entities, Article 2 of the Commercial Law states that commercial activities (including service provision) must be carried out by traders (namely, organisations and individuals that have registered for business registration), except for "individuals conducting commercial activities independently and regularly."[4] Individuals who conduct independent commercial activities on a regular basis and are not required to register for business are listed in detail in Decree 39/2007/NĐ-CP dated 16/03/2007, mainly performing retail services on a small scale such as shoe polishing, lottery ticket sale, lock repair, vehicle repair, wash and parking lot service, haircut, painting, photo taking and other services with or without any fixed location and these individuals will not be deemed as traders. Considering a relationship between individuals and enterprises (specifically the relationship of a collaboration contract), it is clear that enterprises do not hire individuals to regularly provide the said retail services, instead hire individuals who conduct activities related to some professional qualification and a certain level, and individuals who provide services (other than the said retail services) must register for business in accordance with the law to be eligible to carry out said services. Therefore, the fact that an enterprise signs a collaboration contract with an individual to perform services related to some professional qualification and a certain level may face a lot of potential risks because the service provider as individuals may not be legally recognised as "individuals falling out of the category of business registration in accordance with the Commercial Law" to be eligible to provide services to any trader as enterprises. On the other hand, as above analysed, a collaboration contract is not a type of LC that is regulated and governed by the Labor Code, but by nature the parties have established the labour relationship through collaboration contracts. As a result, there exist many risks for Employers. If a collaborator grasps the labour law and initiates a lawsuit with the court to protect his/her interests, enterprises may face a risk that the court will not recognise the legality of the relevant collaboration contract and enterprises will have to sign an LC with such collaborator to establish the labour relationship between the parties in accordance with the labour law. Then, in addition to having to sign LCs, enterprises might have to fulfil Employers' obligations to Employees for the period when they have worked for former enterprises under collaboration contracts (including benefits from compulsory insurance payments for Employees, overtime salary and etc.). Moreover, enterprises may be sanctioned with an administrative fine of up to VND 4,000,000 for failing to enter into the right type of LC with Employees[5]. From the said analyses, enterprises should consider signing seasonal LCs with their collaborators (i.e. they must comply with the labour law on seasonal contracts) instead of signing collaboration contracts in order to comply with the current labour law and limit any risk of such dispute. It should be noted that when signing a seasonal LC, enterprises will only be allowed to enter into seasonal LCs with a term of less than 12 months for non-recurring jobs (except for any case of temporary replacement of Employees on military service, maternity leave, due to their sickness, labour accident or other temporary absence. If the job is of a regular nature for 12 months or more, Employers must sign definite LCs with Employees as prescribed by the labour law.
[1] Article 22.1 Labor Code [2] Article 15 Labor Code [3] Article 23.1 Labor Code [4] Article 2 Commercial Law [5] Article 5 Decree 95/2013/NĐ-CP dated 22/08/2013 as amended and supplemented by Decree 88/2015/NĐ-CP dated 07/10/2015


Artibonite Department
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Coordinates: 19°27′0″N 72°41′0″W / 19.45°N 72.683333°W / 19.45; -72.683333
(Kréyòl): Latibonit
Country Haiti
Capital Gonaïves
 - elevation m (20 ft)
Area 4,895 km² (1,890 sq mi)
Population 1,299,398 (2003)
Density 265.5 /km² (688 /sq mi)
Subdivisions 5 Arrondissements
15 Communes
Timezone EST (UTC-5)
 - summer (DST) DST (UTC-4)
Area code +509
ISO 3166-2 HT-AR
Location of the Artibonite Department
Location of the Artibonite Department
Artibonite is one of the ten departments (French: départments, singular départment) of Haiti. It is named Artibonite because the Artibonite river flows across the department from east to west. Its capital is Gonaïves.
The independence of Haiti was proclaimed in the Place d'Armes of Gonaïves on 1 January 1804 by Jean Jacques Dessalines.
Geography[change | change source]
The Départment de l'Artibonite, with an area of 4,895 km²,[1] is the largest department of Haiti.
The main river of the department is the Artibonite. Other rivers are Ennery, de l'Estère, Montrouis, Quinte.
The mountain chains here run from west to east and the most important are the Chaine de Terre-Neuve and the Montagnes Noires (in English, "Black Mountains"). There is also part of the Chaine des Mattheux.
It is bordered to the northwest by the Nord-Ouest Department, to the north and northeast by the Nord Department, to the east by the Centre Department and to the south by the Ouest Department. The Gulf of Gonâve is to the west.
Population[change | change source]
The department had, in the 2003 census, a population of 1,299,398 persons: 625,690 men and 673,708 women, with 422,476 (32.51%) living in cities and towns.[2]
The main cities are Gonaïves (the capital) and Saint-Marc.
Administrative division[change | change source]
The department is divided into five arrondissements (like districts) and 15 communes (like municipalities). The "arrondissements" and their "communes" are:
 1. Dessalines
 1. Desdunes
 2. Dessalines
 3. Grande Saline
 4. Petite Rivière de l'Artibonite
 2. Gonaïves
 1. Ennery
 2. Estère
 3. Gonaïves
 3. Gros-Morne
 1. Anse Rouge
 2. Gros-Morne
 3. Terre-Neuve
 4. Marmelade
 1. Marmelade
 2. Saint Michel de l'Attalaye
 5. Saint-Marc
 1. La Chapelle
 2. Saint-Marc
 3. Verettes
Economy[change | change source]
Most of the rice of Haiti is grown in the Artibonite department, along the valley of the River Artibonite.
References[change | change source]
 2. "Le 4ième Recensement Géneral de la Population et de l'Habitat" (in French) (PDF). Institut Haïtien de Statistique et d'Informatique. Retrieved 24 October 2009.
Drapeau haïtien Departments of Haiti Drapeau haïtien


Monday, February 01, 2021
If Nothing Changes in Your Novel, You Have No Story
By Janice Hardy, _USER_
No matter how exciting a scene might be, if it doesn't change anything in the story, it's not doing your novel any good.
What if things don't change?
Then all you're really doing is describing a situation. "Here's a story about these people living their lives and doing what they do."
And this is why an exciting idea can fall flat when it's written.
Change is what turns a situation into a story worthy of a novel.
Would you rather read a story about a guy who shows up at a party and goes home later, or a story about a guy who shows up at a party and gets arrested? The second story sounds far more interesting, because something has changed.
It doesn't even have to be this dramatic to show change. Example two could be, "Or a story about a guy who shows up at a party and meets the love of his life." Or a long-lost brother. Or a guy who looks exactly like him. Anything works, as long as something changes in the guy's life when he goes to that party.
A lot of struggling novels only have the guy going to the party. Things happen around him, but his life doesn't change. He isn't offered any opportunity to be better, or learn, or solve a problem he's having. He doesn't have any deep, profound revelations about his life or his world.
He just goes to the party.
If you've ever gotten feedback from your beta readers or critique partners that said, "It doesn't feel like anything is happening," or "this section felt slow," or something similar, there's a decent chance it's because nothing has changed. Figure out what changed and how that affects the story moving forward, and you'll probably fix your problem.
(Here's more on A Common Reason Novels Fail)
Change exists in every aspect of a strong novel.
A scene is nothing more than a small example of change happening. A character starts with a goal, has to do or experience something related to that goal, and then things change. It could be a small change or a momentous discovery that alters everything the character ever knew about themselves and the world.
 - Lonely people find love
 - An unfulfilled life finds purpose
 - The downtrodden stand up
 - The bomb is disarmed and the city is safe
 - The evil overlord is thwarted and the land is free
 - The killer is caught and the victim is found
This is why change works in all genres and story types. It's universal, because stories are about change at the core.
(Here's more on Is Your Novel Exploring an Idea or Solving a Problem?)
Change is more than things that happened.
If all we do is talk about things that happened to a character, that's gossip, not a story. And depending on what's happening, it might not even be good gossip.
If a guy leaves his house and has five consecutive car chases, and ends up back at home by the end of it with nothing but an empty gas tank, then nothing has happened, even if those were five of the most exciting individual car chases ever written. Odds are by the third one, readers were skimming, because the chases didn't matter. They didn't change anything, they simply happened.
Which is super frustrating, because a common piece of writing advice is "make things happen to your characters." It's one of those annoying writing contradictions, because it doesn't give you all you need to know. "Have things happen that change the situation and/or character and move the plot and/or story" is more accurate.
(Here's more on The Best Advice on Plotting I've Ever Heard: Two Tips That Make Plotting Your Novel Way Easier)
Change is the point of the novel.
It might be external, such as saving the world, or internal, such as finding yourself, but the protagonist and/or the world they live in is different by the end of the novel than it was at the beginning.
Let's say we're writing about firemen (an exciting group of people). The entire book revolves around a crew sitting in the fire station waiting for the alarm to go off so they can go put out a fire or save people who need saving.
But the bell never rings.
Reader's Friend: "What happens in the novel?"
Reader's Friend: "Why?"
Reader: "No reason."
Reader's Friend: "Was there a point to it?"
Reader: "Nope."
Change makes things interesting. Change provides the conflict to drive the story. If the characters or the situation is exactly the same at the end as the beginning (be it a scene or a series), that's a big red flag there's a problem and the story isn't being served.
(Here's more on 3 Reasons That "Perfectly Good Scene" Is Boring Your Readers)
Pro-Tip: If you took out the scene, how would it affect the novel?
This is a handy way to test the changes in a scene. If something changed, and the events in the scene made a difference on the story, cutting it would change that story. If nothing is affected, odds are nothing changed.
Also remember, not every novel needs a full-on soul-searching character arc filled with angsty growth, or an adrenaline-pumping, action-packed subplot to make it work. Quieter changes can be just as effective, be they an emotional change or a physical one. Mix it up. Some changes might be small, while others will have huge impact.
Just think about the changes in your novel and what they mean to the story.
EXERCISE FOR YOU: Take five minutes and examine what changes in the first chapter of your novel. What's different at the end versus the beginning? Do this exercise for each chapter as well.
What changes in your novel?
*Originally published on Pub Crawl, May 20 2015. Last updated January 2021.
 - Create compelling characters readers will love
 - Choose the right point of view for your story
 - Find the best writing process for your writing style
 - Create a solid plot from the spark of your idea
 - Craft your one-sentence pitch
 - Create your summary hook blurb
 - Develop a solid working synopsis And so much more!
Available in paperback and ebook formats.
 1. Absolutely true.
 And " 'The king died and then the queen died' is a story. 'The king died and then the queen died of grief' is a plot." --E M Forster. Changes are the essential building blocks, and the step after them is to show how they're tied together by cause and effect.


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Salmon Youth Centre has been reaching out to young people in inner city London for over a hundred years. We inspire young people to reach their potential and contribute positively to the community in which they live.
We welcome around 500 young people every week. Our doors are open to all young people, from all backgrounds, between six and 25 years old.
We promote positive change in young people and support their transition to adulthood in three key ways:
- Improving young people's Health & Wellbeing
- Preparing young people for Education & Work
- Involving young people in positive Community Engagement
What we offer
We provide generic and specialised youth work to young people across 35 weekly sessions, including activities such as adventure, arts, dance, drama, music and sports. Our targeted provision also includes:
|Apprenticeship Scheme: offering young people the opportunity to study and work over nine to twelve months.||Harmonies of Hope: youth empowerment programme using music.|
|Mentoring: one-to-one support for young people, including our disability befriending schemes.||Mixables & Mixters: youth work with disabled young people.|
|Salmon Express: improving young peoples speaking and listening skills using our manual 'Let's Talk About…'.||Thrive: a holistic programme for vulnerable young women and girls.|
Every young person has potential
We work with a wide range of young people many of whom are disadvantaged such as:
- Young people in care or leaving care.
- Young ex-offenders leaving prison.
- Young carers looking after a parent.
- Young people facing abuse at home.
- Young people at risk of homelessness or offending.
- Disabled young people.
We build long-term relationships with young people through regular social interaction. We believe that every young person has potential and we work intensively to inspire young people to reach their potential and contribute positively to the community in which they live.
Christian youth work
As a Christian youth centre, we strive to provide opportunities to explore the Christian faith in all our work, but most specifically in our Salmon Sunday sessions and residentials to summer camps, such as Soul Survivor.
Staff members also share and explore their own faith through weekly Bible sessions called "Theological Reflections".


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Selective grazing of Temora longicornis in different stages of a Phaeocystis globosa bloom - a mesocosm study
Publication: Research - peer-review › Journal article – Annual report year: 2005
Selective grazing of a calanoid copepod Temora longicornis was measured during different stages of a Phaeocystis globosa bloom, in order to reveal (1) if T longicornis feeds on single cells and/or colonies of P. globosa in the presence of alternative food sources, (2) if copepod food selection changes during the initiation, maintenance, collapse and decay of a P. globosa bloom and (3) if P. globosa dominated food assemblage provides a good diet for copepod egg production. Our results show low but constant feeding on small colonies of P. globosa, irrespective of the type or concentration of alternative food sources. In contrast, feeding on single cells was never significant, and the total contribution of P globosa to carbon ingestion of T longicornis was minor. T longicornis fed most actively on the decaying colonies, whereas during the peak of the bloom copepods selected against P globosa. Mostly, T longicornis fed unselectively on different food particles: before the bloom, the major part of the diet consisted of diatoms, whereas during and after the bloom copepod diet was dominated by dinoflagellates and ciliates. Egg production was highest during the decay of the bloom, coinciding with highest proportional ingestion of heterotrophic organisms, but was not seriously reduced even during the peak of the bloom. We conclude that P globosa blooms should not threaten survival of copepod populations, but the population recruitment may depend on the type (and concentration) of the dominant heterotrophs present during the blooms. Due to relatively unselective grazing, the impact of T longicornis to the initiation of a Phaeocystis bloom is considered small, although grazing on decaying colonies may contribute to the faster termination of a bloom. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
|Citations||Web of Science® Times Cited: 10|


text:
6. The manufacturer of a particular all-season tire claims that the tires last for 22,000 miles. After purchasing the tires you discover that yours did not last the full 22,000 miles. Suppose that a sample of 100 tires made by that manufactures lasted on average 21,819 miles with a sample standard deviation of 1,295 miles. Is there sufficient evidence to refute the manufacturer's claim that the tires last 22,000 miles? Let α = 0.05. Assume that the population standard deviation is σ= 1300.
State the null hypothesis.
State the alternate hypothesis.
What is the appropriate rejection region?
Compute the test statistic.
What is the final conclusion? Explain.
(Question also in attachment below)


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What Happened at LiDAR for Drone 2017 – YellowScan User Conference
LiDAR for Drone 2017 – YellowScan International User Conference was held on the 29th and 30th of June, in the Château de Flaugergues, Montpellier. For this special event, YellowScan had put together a diverse and exciting agenda, proving the broad usage of YellowScan LiDAR equipment in applications such as archeology, forestry, powerlines, surveying, mining and civil engineering. The guests were hence served to industry case studies from all over the world (Japan, USA, Bolivia, Spain, France…), workshops, live demonstrations & data analysis on the field. LiDAR for drone 2017 was also about LiDAR technologies for UAVs with speakers from the following industries: 3D laser scanners, IMU, processing software and UAVs.
After a keynote speech by Omar Soubra, Director of Marketing at Trimble, in which he gave an overview of the technological and social trends that will impact the Geospatial industry in the short and long-term future, we started the two days program.
The Industry Case Studies presented:
- AIRD'ECO – Archeology (France):
Isabelle Heitz, Geologist, Geophysicist and founder of AIRD'ECO presented the results of a LiDAR mission on an archeological site of 10 ha, known since the 19th century but never explored before because of its thick vegetation cover. The results, finalized by a 3D printed model of the site proved to be a wealth of information for the archeologists (location of the entrance to the camp, fine geometry of the rampart, shape of the ditch, building site, discovery of terraces …)
- Hemav – Powerlines (Spain):
Loîc Pavard and Alicia Llorens from Hemav presented the support and additional value that the YellowScan LiDAR systems brought to their company's activities: supervision of tree cutting and pruning activities; auditing non-compliancy of an installation with specific industrial standard; Analysis of land-surface using High Density Georeferenced LiDAR prior to building new powerlines (High / medium voltage); corridor mapping: analysis and distance-checking on existing powerlines or crossing lines.
- Ace1 & Mirukuru – UAV LiDAR projects (Japan):
Shin Norimitsu from Ace 1 and Shinji Inaba from Mirukuru presented an overview of the LiDAR projects in Japan. The use of UAVs is strongly pushed by the Japanese government and Ace 1 has already completed over 40 UAV LiDAR missions with the YellowScan Surveyor in less than 1 year! Typical applications of UAV Lidar projects in Japan are: Terrain modelling for construction, Forestry Surveys and Emergency survey of a disaster site.
- Juniper Unmanned & Formation Environmental – Dust control monitoring – Salton Sea (USA):
Highly detailed and accurate DEMs are required for monitoring micro-topographic changes in mechanical dust control and mitigation treatments applied to the exposed playa areas surrounding the Salton Sea in California. Tim Roorda, director of operations at Juniper Unmanned presented the results of both LiDAR and photogrammetry missions in there. Final results showed that the LIDAR derived DEMs were substantially more accurate than the photogrammetrically derived DEMs and that average accuracies of +/- 2.5cm could be obtained when comparing the LiDAR derived DEMs with the survey-grade GPS data.
- L'Avion Jaune & CNRS – Mound field Landscapes (Bolivia)
Patterned landscapes featuring dense, regularly spaced earth mounds are widespread in seasonally flooded wetlands of tropical Africa and South America. In some cases, these earth-mound landscapes are of natural origin. In other cases, they are made by humans, and in yet other cases both humans and nature shape them. The various ecological and cultural processes at work should impart distinctive structural features. Characterizing the three-dimensional structure of these fascinating landscapes is thus key to understanding them. Drawing on their work in Bolivia, Cédric Krasnopolski from L'Avion Jaune and Doyle McKey from CNRS CEFE, presented examples of how drone-borne LIDAR and 3-D visualisation can contribute to this work.
- Chiba University – Tree Growth Detection (Japan)
Dr Akira Kato explained the importance of early tree growth detection in forest operation & planning, and how he utilized and compared several 3D data acquisition technologies using airborne Laser (ALS), terrestrial laser (TLS), UAV based Structure from Motion (UAV-SfM), and the Surveyor UAV LiDAR from YellowScan. His conclusion was that tree growth can be precisely detected by all laser technologies, but Yellowscan can detect more precise tree structure parameters vertically and horizontally than the other 3D data acquisition technologies because of higher point density that captures all tree structure.
- YellowScan – Quarry (France)
Pierre Chaponnière, Application Engineer at YellowScan presented a survey of a quarry that seeks to compare three types of techniques: terrestrial LiDAR, photogrammetry and dual LiDAR/Photogrammetry acquisition. The comparison looked at two aspects: operational constraints and processing workflow. It provides comparative results on coverage production, accuracy and some qualitative information.
The Technical conferences:
- Velodyne – Next generation of 3D LiDAR Sensors (USA):
Dieter Gabriel, Technical Marketing Manager EMEA at Velodyne exposed the advantages of the upcoming Ultra Puck sensor especially in the field of airborne mapping. As part of the presentation of the future Velodyne roadmap, he also gave an outlook on the upcoming solid-state technology.
- Applanix – Direct Georeferencing (USA):
Scanning from UAV's with YellowScan's systems require "Survey-grade" Solutions: reliability consistent results, low MTBF, compact, low weight, low power design, low noise sensors, flexible options to address different applications. Jesus Ruiz presented the DG solutions developed by Applanix to meet YellowScan needs: embedded board sets, export free inertial components, latest multi-frequency GNSS receiver technology for robust and accurate DGNSS positioning, highly accurate and efficient Post-processing software, fast and expert support.
- YellowScan – Point density under vegetation with YellowScan Mapper & Surveyor (France):
Tristan Allouis, CTO of YellowScan gave a detailed descriptive presentation about ground point density measurements under vegetation from different flying heights obtained from YellowScan LiDAR systems. Both LiDAR systems, the Mapper and the Surveyor were flown consecutively over the same area covered with Mediterranean pine forest at various flying heights stretching from about 30 to 100m AGL. The produced datasets were processed identically and key statistics extracted from it. Point density results were summarized for single flightlines per level flight within a forest parcel. Additional key LiDAR specifications were described such as echo number proportion for the ground class and swath lengths for each LiDAR sensor.
- TerraSolid – Groups in TerraScan (Finland):
Arttu Soininen presented the latest features developed by TerraSolid engineers for UAV LiDAR. New classification with groups for better automatic classification and faster manual classification of above ground features.
Concerning the demos:
- The first one was focused on urban zone surveys. We hence flew over the Château de Flaugergues with the Surveyor LiDAR system carried on the Six3 Drone from Escadrone. The guests could see the real time in flight data acquisition thanks to the LiveStation, then they saw the data processing and analysis on Trimble Realworks. The guests also had the opportunity to visit the castle where the owners still live and compare the data to the actual Château.
- The demo of the second day was held in the archeological field of Cambous. A European reference in prehistoric architecture, built about 4500 years ago. The site presents the state of excavations and the life-size reconstruction of a prehistoric dwelling.The flight was made with the Surveyor LiDAR system carried on the OnyxStar FOXC8 HD from Altigator. The attendees had the chance to visit the archeological site before the presentation of the data processing and analysis by Martin Isenburg on LAStools.
The workshop and the round table:
- The round table moderated by Tim Roorda from Juniper Unmanned was about the future of UAV LiDAR. The panelists, Omar Soubra (Trimble), Michel Assenbaum (L'Avion Jaune), Dr Akira Kato (Chiba University) and Wim Van Wegen (GIM Magazine) tried to answer the question "What are the needs for the UAV LiDAR 2025?"
- The workshop moderated by Bart Zondag from Geoinspect and Tristan Allouis from YellowScan was about Large LiDAR missions' optimization. The aim of this workshop was sharing experience and making out advice one could get from it. As a skeleton, Bart and Tristan both presented a case study that attracted their attention "Fly a river bed" and "Hilly Landscape".
The R&D projects announcements:
YellowScan will soon be launching two new LiDAR systems, the Mapper II, an updated version of the Mapper, and the Long Ranger, a YellowScan Integration of the Mini-Vux. More information on those new projects will soon be available.
On the evening of the 29th, Tamatta Jazz band led by the voice of our marketing/communication Manager) Nada Jdaini, gave us a concert while the attendees were tasting the home-made wine production of the Château de Flaugergues. at « Le


Why You Should Eat Duck Eggs
1. Duck eggs taste great! They are creamier and richer than chicken eggs
2. Duck eggs are larger, 50% larger than jumbo chicken eggs, and stay fresher longer due to harder shells
3. Duck eggs have larger yolks with higher levels of omega 3 fatty acids
4. Duck eggs contain more vitamin D and other essential vitamins, including thiamine, niacin, vitamin B12, and vitamins A and E, than chicken eggs
5. Duck egg whites have higher levels of protein, creating taller meringues and lighter, fluffier cakes, they are prized by pastry chefs!
6. People with chicken egg allergies can often eat duck eggs
© 2017 by Red Flower Organics.


text:
Dandelion Readers Units 1-10 Set 3 - Sit, Sam
Dandelion Readers follow the same phonic progression as the Dandelion Launchers.
The key difference between the two book series is the amount of text on a page. Dandelion Readers have more text than the Dandelion Launchers.
In Set 3 'Sit, Sam':
- Units 1-7 introduce the initial sounds of the alphabet and adjacent consonants.
- Units 8-10 introduce consonant blends.
There are 3 parallel sets, each with 10 books including a reading game in each book.
Set 2 and Set 3 Units 1-10 is supported by a spiral-bound book of photocopiable, multisensory activities linked to Set 2 'A Mat' and Set 3 'Sit, Sam' (120 pages).
*Price includes GST and excludes postage.
View our Phonics Books Progression Chart.


text:
Passive Grammar: We've Got It, Let's Use It!Michaela Borova and Bryan Murphy
bm_fld [at] uacg.acad.bg
University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy, Sofia, Bulgaria
Bryan Murphy became aware of passive grammar while working in Sofia and attempting to learn "survival Bulgarian". In one of his rare successes as a learner of Bulgarian, he sat down with his Bulgarian for foreigners textbook and discovered that a whole load of the language that had been opaque before was suddenly starting to make some kind of sense. This was true not only of words but also of grammar, and indeed of socio-linguistic features. While the concept of active and passive vocabulary is well-established, the parallel concept of passive grammar is less often considered. We believe that it is valid and has significant implications.
What precisely is passive grammar? It is grammatical awareness that the learner has but cannot - yet - put into productive use correctly and consistently. It does not necessarily matter whether this awareness is conscious or unconscious. Conscious awareness may take the form of explicit, learned information, for instance that Bulgarian has three genders: masculine, feminine and neuter. Unconscious awareness may take the form of unformulated expectations about the language you're learning, such as that it will distinguish between present and past. As your contact with the language increases, these expectations grow and develop, becoming more complex and more refined. We are well used to "protecting" our students against negative transfer from their mother tongue in the form of "false friends", etc. We are less accustomed to exploiting the vast potential for positive transfer in a conscious and systematic manner.
Why does this matter? Well, if we've got passive grammar, let's use it. In fact, as teachers, we already do so, though usually implicitly. Any spiral syllabus recognises it. The Total Physical Response turns it into a method. All multiple choice questions designed as grammar tests rely on it entirely. Attempts to develop reading and listening as skills draw up on it. Michaela has developed a type of exercise for use at the University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy in Sofia which makes use of it. She explains the role of auxiliary verbs in question formation, then asks her students to form questions using tenses they have not been presented with. She finds that, working in groups, they are usually able to form questions in the simple past from a knowledge of the simple present, to form questions using "would" from a knowledge of how to form questions using "can", etc. She finds that this kind of pre-communicative exercise ties in well with the learning styles prevalent among engineering students. In other words, they enjoy discovering that there is some logic in the mechanics of English. Moreover, it boosts their confidence in their capacity to handle the greater complexities that are to come.
If we make the concept of passive grammar explicit, we can follow up some of its interesting implications. It is possible that grammar may have to be passive before it becomes active, in which case it makes good sense to build up the foundations of passive grammar. But, and this is a big but, there is no guarantee that passive grammar will ever become active. Bulgarians, for instance, have an enormous reservoir of passive Russian grammar, due to the similarities between their two languages, but not that many of them have had occasion to acquire communicative competence in Russian. Passive grammar, then, may be a necessary step toward active use, but it by no means a sufficient one. We are talking about a potential tool, not a magic wand.
If you are still sceptical about the existence of passive grammar, let us see if we can tap into and develop your passive grammar of Bulgarian with the following exercises:
Underline the verb in the following sentences: Az iskam podarak. Te iskaha kolata. Nie iskahme tova. Toi iskashe vsichko. Vie iskahte mnogo. Vie vzehte kolata. Te nyamaha vreme. Iskaha li te kolata? 2) Which one word in each of the following utterances make them questions? A/ Te otvoriha li vratata? B/ Toi mozhe li da popravi pechkata? C/ Imame li vreme? 3) Re-write those questions as statements. Answers: 1) a. iskam; b. iskaha; c. iskahme; d. iskashe; e. iskahte; f. vzehte; g. nyamaha; h. iskaha? 2) li A/ Te otvoriha vratata. B/ Toi mozhe da popravi pechkata. C/ Imame vreme.
Full marks? If so, we are not that surprised.
We need to add another rider here: you cannot build a course out of this stuff. It would be far too boring. These exercises are a bit like warm-ups for the brain, most effective if used sparingly.
The implications we wish now to highlight concern non-native teachers, the nature of exercises, mistakes in exercises and slow learners.
This concept upgrades the value of non-native teachers at a stroke. If grammar explanations have a role to play, which they do in building up passive grammar, then for beginners and elementary learners they are best given in those learners' own language
Whilst we do not deny the benefits of "negotiating meaning" in a foreign language, anyone who has done any real life negotiating will be aware that failed negotiations often generate more frustration than benefits. Regarding the information about a language that needs to be conveyed, we need to take seriously the questions What? When? How much? and How? Teaching about language can again have a place in language teaching, but it is a tool, not an end in itself. Nevertheless, it probably deserves closer examination, as a tool, than it has had in recent times.
The concept of passive grammar suggests that it is not always necessary for grammar that is being presented to be immediately used actively for learning to take place. Yet most textbook exercises require this. Here is another exercise which, like the examples given above, does not.
a. Underline the words in the text below that refer to the past.
Yesterday, I crashed my car. Two days ago, someone killed my cat. Last Sunday, my spouse asked for a divorce. Never mind. A week ago, my lover and I robbed a bank. Tomorrow, we're leaving, and soon we'll be starting a new life in Australia.
Underline the past tense verbs in the text above.
Underline the irregular past tense verbs in the following text:
A man walked into a pub. He went up to the bar and asked the barman for a glass of water. The barman took out a gun and pointed it at him. "Thank you," said the man.
In terms of the basic psychology of memory, the above exercises require recognition not recall as a first step in the memory process. In standard TEFL terms, they require reception not production as a first step in the language learning process. The next exercise demonstrates more clearly that passive grammar also operates at the level of text grammar. It is a short, standard "jigsaw reading" exercise at intermediate or upper intermediate level.
Put the sentences into the right order:
- The New Jersey teen became a vegetarian 15 months ago.
- Undeterred, Jacklyn ate buns filled with pickled slices instead.
- Don't make the mistake of offering Jacklyn Stewart, 15, a pork chop.
- At first her dad treated it like simple rebelliousness.
- Or, for that matter, a hamburger.
- He gave a barbecue and made a point of having only ground round for the grill - not a soy patty in sight.
Answer: c, e, a, d, f, b.
It follows from the ideas of passive grammar, recognition and reception that the "meaning" of learners making mistakes might not be transparent. We are talking specifically about mistakes in exercises. It is clearly no bad thing if a learner gets a production exercise right. But this does not mean that the learner has mastered the grammar point. They may have guessed the answer, they may have worked it out without understanding the grammar point, or, having solved the problem, they may immediately forget the problem-solving mechanism. Conversely, getting an exercise wrong does not mean that nothing has been learnt: it is possible that passive grammar has been imbibed, and, what's more, passive grammar going beyond the overt teaching point. Learning and teaching, indeed, are by no means symmetrical, and this is what enables people to learn languages, for linguists have not yet provided a full and accurate grammar of any single language, so that learners necessarily learn more than teachers can systematically teach.
Which brings us back to Bryan, shuffling his teach-yourself-Bulgarian books: miffed at finding himself, despite all his experience of language learning and language teaching, a decidedly slow language learner this time around, but nevertheless aware, or at least confident, that with input, encouragement, motivation and, above all, time, he'd get there. Passive grammar means, above all, that we as teachers and learners can relax a bit about learning process: there's more going on than might appear on the surface. And if we can learn to exploit passive grammar effectively, we might be able to speed up that learning process.
The Internet TESL Journal, Vol. III, No. 8, August 1997