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May 1, 2009 Researchers at Harvard University have found that humans aren't the only ones who can groove to a beat — some other species can dance, too. The capability was previously believed to be specific to humans. The research team found that only species that can mimic sound seem to be able to keep a beat, implying an evolutionary link between the two capacities.
The study was led by Adena Schachner, a doctoral candidate in psychology at Harvard, and is published in the current issue of Current Biology. Schachner's co-authors are Marc Hauser, professor of psychology at Harvard; Irene Pepperberg, lecturer at Harvard and adjunct associate professor of psychology at Brandeis University; and Timothy Brady, a doctoral candidate at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Schachner and her colleagues closely studied Alex, a well-known African grey parrot who passed away shortly after the study, and Snowball, a sulphur-crested cockatoo whose humanlike dancing behavior has led to online fame.
"Our analyses showed that these birds' movements were more lined up with the musical beat than we'd expect by chance," says Schachner. "We found strong evidence that they were synchronizing with the beat, something that has not been seen before in other species."
The researchers noted that these two birds had something in common: an excellent ability to mimic sound.
"It had recently been theorized that vocal mimicry might be related to the ability to move to a beat," says Schachner. "The particular theory was that natural selection for vocal mimicry resulted in a brain mechanism that was also needed for moving to a beat. This theory made a really specific prediction: Only animals that can mimic sound should be able to keep a beat."
To test this prediction, Schachner needed data from a large variety of animals — so she turned to a novel source of data, the YouTube video database. Schachner systematically searched the database for videos of animals moving with the beat of the music, including vocal mimics such as parrots and vocal nonmimics such as dogs and cats.
Schachner analyzed the videos frame-by-frame, using the same analyses applied to the case-study birds. Criteria included the animal's speed compared with the speed of the music and alignment with individual beats. Potentially "fake" videos, where music was added to the video after the fact, or the animal was following visual cues, were omitted.
"The really important point is that many animals showed really strong evidence of synchronizing with the music, but they were all vocal mimics," says Schachner. "Most of them were parrots — we found 14 different species of parrot on YouTube that showed convincing evidence that they could keep a beat."
Because only animals capable of vocal mimicry — such as parrots — appear to be able to keep a beat, the study implies an evolutionary link between vocal mimicry and this crucial part of dance.
"Our data suggests that some of the brain mechanisms needed for human dance originally evolved to allow us to imitate sound," says Schachner.
It is important to note that vocal mimicry alone is not enough for a bird to keep a beat, although the researchers aren't yet certain why some parrots can dance and not others. It may be that all parrots have a latent capacity, but need certain experiences or social motivation, according to Schachner.
Schachner says that these birds do not seem to move in synchrony with sounds in the wild, and so the behavior could not have evolved as a result of direct natural selection. For this reason, in bird species this capacity must be an evolutionary byproduct of something else, says Schachner, seemingly vocal mimicry.
It may be, says Schachner, that the human ability to keep time with music has also evolved as a byproduct of vocal mimicry. She points out that the cognitive processes needed for both actions are related.
"In both vocal mimicry and entrainment," says Schachner, "you're taking in auditory input, and constantly monitoring not only your output but also the sound input. This allows you to fix your output in real time, to better resemble or line up with what you hear. For example, if you are tapping to a beat, you constantly monitor the sound and your taps, so that if you become misaligned with the beat, you immediately change your timing. If you are imitating a sound, you constantly monitor your memory of the sound you are trying to imitate, as well as the sound you are producing, so if you notice a difference, you can change your vocalization. So it seems plausible that vocal mimicry and keeping a beat might rely on some of the same mechanisms."
The research was funded by the McDonnell Foundation.
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Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.
- Aniruddh D. Patel, John R. Iversen, Micah R. Bregman, Irena Schulz. Experimental Evidence for Synchronization to a Musical Beat in a Nonhuman Animal. Current Biology, 2009; DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2009.03.038
- Adena Schachner, Timothy F. Brady, Irene M. Pepperberg, Marc D. Hauser. Spontaneous Motor Entrainment to Music in Multiple Vocal Mimicking Species. Current Biology, 2009; DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2009.03.061
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.


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Analysis: Texas Storm Showed "Resiliency," Importance of Residential Natural Gas
Residential natural gas helped keep many Texas families warm during February's unprecedented freeze. The demand for natural gas to heat homes and power electricity generation set new records in February, and a reliable supply was crucial to ensuring that the state had access to the energy it needed, according to new analysis from the American Gas Association.
EID has written previously about the important role natural gas played during the winter storm in Texas. During the days of prolonged freezing temperatures, Texas residents turned to natural gas fireplaces and appliances to stay warm, while generation companies brought in additional fuel to meet the rising demand for electricity.
The AGA report found that Texas residential and commercial natural gas use increased 238 percent, and gas flows to power generation increased 184 percent during the period. It included:
"Overall, Texas set a new record for natural gas consumption even with the severe challenges associated with the electric power outages. The cold drove a substantial increase in natural gas use for power generation, industrial consumption, and residential and commercial demand."
Natural gas storage was also crucial to ensuring that homes and electric power generators had access to the fuel they needed. According to Energy Information Administration data, withdrawals from underground storage the week of February 12-19, 2021 were the second-highest on record, and Texas and the surrounding region saw withdrawals increase a record 184 percent from the two weeks prior.
Through the use of underground storage, natural gas utilities were able to both buttress against potential outages when production slowed and to protect customers from the worst of energy price swings. These storage locations "allow for the withdrawal of natural gas from storage during peak demand periods to meet customer needs."
This is only one of the tools utilities used to ensure customer access to natural gas. Even during the worst of the storm, Texas' natural gas utilities were effective at safeguarding their customers' access to energy. The AGA report notes that this is the result of the industry having more than a century of experience planning and preparing for extreme and emergency weather conditions and the emphasis it places on resiliency:
"The resiliency of the natural gas transmission and distribution system was on display throughout the middle of February 2021. While large areas of the country struggled with the effects of the polar cold event, natural gas utility companies were able to use their investments in infrastructure, operations, and planning to keep customers supplied with a reliable energy source to heat their homes, even amid severe supply constraints."
This is supported by testimony from Texas Railroad Commission Chair Christi Craddick, who told the House Energy and Commerce Committee that 99.95 percent of Texans did not lose residential natural gas service during the storm.
In addition to investments to support resiliency, natural gas utilities also used contractual arrangements to ensure secure energy supplies and employed financial tools to shelter customers from the worst of the energy price swings.
Analyses of the storm's impacts continue to show the importance of maintaining a diverse grid that includes natural gas – a fact that needs to be considered in any policy decisions.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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The ORRCA unmanned surface vessel is a working prototype. This is the second prototype and it is completely capable of removing pollutants from the water. It's made of a prototyping material for ease of modification but in the future we plan to use carbon fiber for a sturdier and more advanced form. The carbon fiber form would allow the ORRCA craft to keep operating in multiple types of weather conditions.
The ORRCA project uses the Unmanned Surface vehicle (pictured). It's unique shape gives it maximum aerodynamic and fluid dynamic efficiency in addition to warding off any curious creatures. The water based life forms mistake the craft for a shark and steer clear, which is beneficial. We don't want to harm any wildlife in the process of cleaning. In the rear of the craft is a battery powered electric engine that can deliver a theoretical 2.5 horsepower. This engine allows ORRCA to handle heavy loads while being environmentally friendly and efficient. In the middle of the craft, is the control compartment. ORRCA is controlled by a very special controller called GeoForce. This controller is different from others because it is more precise and accurate and boasts frequency hopping technology. Frequency hopping technology or FHT reads the radio interference and switches its signal to avoid it automatically. The controller is an all in one solution containing only one module. It's an Ardupilot based controller making it easy to customize.
ORRCA uses a unique 2 stage filtration system to separate not only small plastics and sediment based pollutants but oil and chemicals from the water as well. Its special filter is called STREAM which stands for Strategically, Environmentally, Advanced Module. It filters using the specialized STREAM Filter Core which is made of a polycellulose-based material that not only repels water but absorbs oil at the same time. This new material, made by ESP oil absorbents, was taken by the project and redesigned into a filter system with specialized channels that maximize the surface area of filtration and absorption. Water passes through the specially designed channels but oil gets trapped and absorbed. Unfortunately the current system is not reusable but we are looking at a reusable filter system in the future.
But perhaps the best part of Project ORRCA is that it is inexpensive. The current system costs only $750 to manufacture as is completely capable of removing pollutants from the water. The most popular systems today are large filtration systems that can cost upwards of $10000 which isn't realistic for developing countries. Project ORRCA aims to bridge the gap between low cost and effective solutions.
The idea itself is quite simple, we take the ORRCA USV (pictured) and place it into the polluted water body. Next, we open the smartphone app which displays a map of the local area. We draw a rectangle around the polluted area and send this rectangle to ORRCA. The controller inside then plans the most effective route completely on its own, and then autonomously guides the ORRCA craft along it's chosen path. Along the way, ORRCA's passive filtration system removes any pollutants from the water. The craft then returns to shore and the pollutants are removed from the filter by the ground team.
Projects like Project ORRCA are attempting to solve the water pollution crisis using simple and inexpensive methods. In the future, the project hope to gain sponsors and partners to develop the idea further and to move the project towards implementation. We as humans are the only ones that can solve the water pollution crisis, it's our duty to the planet that breathes life into us every day. To learn more about our project and its goals visit our website or contact us at _EMAIL_.
For a Cleaner. Better World.
official project abstract: rlxamerica.wixsite.com/


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June 15, 2011
As you know, we have be covering the shifting earth changes and relevant positions of the sun and moon.
The Inuit in the Canadian Arctic might have more insight into the matter than the average person due to their unique perspective in which they can view the sun, stars, and moon from their position on top of the globe.
The Inuits have managed to document the fact that in December 2009 the sun barely cleared the horizon, and in the summers the sun is much higher in the sky causing extreme conditions and change to the earth.
The Elders of the Arctic have been documenting the changing positions of the shifting earth and stars.


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Everyone in the electrical industry, including the electrical apprentice, the journeyman, the master electrician, electrical contractor, electrical engineer, designer, the electrical inspector, et al., seem to use the phrase "neutral conductor." However, until the 2008 National Electrical Code (NEC), we did not actually have a definition of a neutral. In the process of determining the definition of a neutral for the 2008 NEC, the NEC Technical Committee Task Group on the Definition of "Neutral Conductor" realized two definitions were required to adequately define this seemingly elusive component of the electrical system.
The definition of a neutral conductor, as developed by the task group, was derived from the International Electrotechnical Commission definition of neutral conductor with some minor text changes to adapt to the NEC style. This definition read, "Neutral Conductor—The conductor connected to the neutral point of a system that is intended to carry current under normal conditions."
The definition establishes that any conductor connected to a neutral point of an electrical system is intended to carry current under normal conditions. Any electricians who find themselves connected to a neutral conductor carrying the imbalanced current of the circuit will certainly verify that the neutral is a current-carrying conductor. Most electricians, myself included, also will admit that it is very difficult to "get off" the neutral conductor once connected to it since the current is on the load side of the circuit. Most people either fall away, breaking the connection if on ground or floor level, or fall off the ladder when not working at grade level. We all count ourselves very lucky to have survived the neutral "connection."
Whenever possible, work on the circuit in an electrically safe work condition. In other words, ensure the circuit has been locked off, and verify that the circuit is de-energized.
Upon analyzing the newly developed definition of a "neutral," the task group then decided that a second definition was necessary to further explain the "neutral point." The definition of neutral point was found in the IEEE Standard C57.12.80-2002 and read, "The common point on a wye-connection in a polyphase system or midpoint on a
single-phase, 3-wire system, or midpoint of a single-phase portion of a 3-phase delta system, or a midpoint of a 3-wire, direct-current system." Again, with some minor text changes to fit the NEC format, this text was adopted into the 2008 NEC. To make the two definitions as technically correct as possible, a Fine Print Note was added to explain that the neutral point of the system is "the vectorial sum of the nominal voltages from all other phases within the system that utilize the neutral, with respect to the neutral point, is zero potential." With the combination of the two definitions and the Fine Print Note, we finally have defined a neutral conductor.
Once the two definitions and the Fine Print Note were developed and fine tuned, the task group proceeded to comb the entire NEC for any reference to a grounded conductor where that conductor was not simply grounded but could or did act as a neutral conductor. This was a huge task since proposals then were written for each change that must occur within the NEC, and each individual NEC panel analyzed these proposed changes to ensure they agreed with the change from "grounded conductor" to "neutral conductor." It was a job very well done.
The neutral conductor is the common point in the system where the threephase conductors of a wye system are connected to the grounding-electrode conductor and the grounding electrode. It still is the common point in a 120/240-volt, single-phase, three-wire system grounded to the grounding electrode system at the midpoint between the two transformers or the midpoint of one of the transformers of a three-phase 120/240-volt delta high leg system. It also is the midpoint connection of a three-wire direct current system. All of us can verify that these midpoint connections ultimately will be the current-carrying point back for all of those "neutral conductors" that we know so well as the white or gray conductor current path of an unbalanced circuit.
What do not fit the definitions are installations with one hot conductor and a return conductor, such as may be found in a 120-volt single phase, two-wire system. Sections 250.20(B)(1) and 250.26(1) still require the grounding-electrode connection, and 200.6 still requires the conductor to be white or gray "neutral" conductor. However, it is not a neutral conductor, even though many people still refer to it as a neutral. This is a grounded conductor, but be careful. It is just as lethal, if not more so than our "neutral" conductor.
ODE is a staff engineering associate at Underwriters Laboratories Inc., in Research Triangle Park, N.C. He can be reached at _PHONE_ or at _EMAIL_.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Kintu created the kingdom of Buganda by forcefully taking over the five clans that lived in the region. To signify his victory over a clan, he would sleep in the conquered leader's home; tradition says that Buganda was the name of the first house that he slept in after his victory over Bemba and his tribe. Buganda was later used to refer to the entire area he subdued.
Kintu Kato is not to be confused with Kintu, the first person on the earth according to Buganda legend. Kato Kintu gave himself the name Kintu, a name that he knew the Baganda associated with the father of all people.


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The mission of the Internal Audit Department is to provide independent and objective reviews and assessments of the business activities, operations, financial systems and internal accounting controls of Montclair State University.
The Internal Audit Department accomplishes its mission by carrying out a plan of operational, financial and performance audits, selected as a result of an ongoing review of the key processes and risk levels. This audit plan is reviewed and approved by the President of Montclair State University and the Audit, Finance and Investment Committee of the Board of Trustees.
The Internal Audit Department conducts independent reviews and appraisals of the University procedures and operations. These reviews provide management with an independent appraisal of the effectiveness of various operations and systems of control by seeking to:
- Evaluate the adequacy of the internal control structure
- Assess compliance with written policies, procedures, laws and regulations
- Evaluate the reliability of information reporting systems for financial and other operating data
- Verify the existence of assets and ensure proper safeguards for their protection
- Review the application of information technology for governance, control and assurance
- Maximize the operational effectiveness and use of the university resources.
The Internal Audit Department seeks to assist management by:
- Conducting continuous quality improvement programs
- Promoting operational effectiveness and efficiency
- Reviewing and evaluating financial and operational controls
- Providing pro-active consultation and advice on operational and control related matters
- Liaison with management on dealings with external auditors
- Conduct investigations as necessary
- Recommending best practices.


Strictly Casual
Which of Us Craves Casual Sex More?
Maksim Shmeljov/Shutterstock
The popular media loves to report on gender differences in the desire for casual sex: Men want it more, women want it less. Or at least, that's the assumption. And while it is true, on average, what's often lost in the sensationalism over the difference between the sexes is the tremendous variation within each sex.
Among both women and men, there are groups and individuals all over the spectrum of casual sex desires—some crave it strongly, others are decidedly against it, and many are somewhere in between.
But who ends up where on this spectrum is not arbitrary.
Socialization may be the most obvious determining factor—different people are taught to value different ways of relating with others. But it's more than that. Thanks to evolutionary pressures, our psychology also adjusts to our anatomical qualities—what our bodies have to offer on the "mating market." These qualities are somewhat different for men and women.
Men: Strength and Attractiveness Correlate with Both Desire and Experience
Evolutionarily speaking, casual sex with multiple short-term partners provides men with reproductive benefits—siring both more children and genetically more diverse children than they could produce with a single woman. As a result, under evolutionarily "ideal" circumstances, all men should desire casual sex and attempt to get it as often as possible. However, because women benefit less from short-term mating, and are less interested in it, under realistic circumstances not all men will be able to find many short-term partners.
Those who will have the most success securing casual sex, the theory holds, are those with superior physical strength and attractiveness, among other things—first, because these characteristics signal good, healthy genes that women would like in partners, especially short-term partners; and second, because back in the time when men may have had to physically fight over short-term partners, stronger males would've prevailed. Over many generations, though, men's brains have evolved to consider their likelihood of success with casual sex and adjust their desires to it.
"If I am physically stronger and better-looking than other men," their brains unconsciously tell them, "I should spend time and energy pursuing casual sex. But if I'm weak and unattractive, trying to have sex with lots of people would be a waste of time and energy; therefore, even desiring casual sex is pointless. I should instead focus exclusively on long-term relationships."
Previous research has documented that stronger and more attractive men do in fact have more casual and overall sex partners. And now, a new study led by Aaron Lukaszewski of Loyola Marymount University, just published in Evolution and Human Behavior, suggests that they also desire it more. Across three different undergraduate samples of men (total N = 382), men who were physically stronger and more attractive were also more interested in casual sex. (For the statistically minded, correlation coefficients were r =.30 for both strength and attractiveness.) Consistent with prior research, strength and attractiveness also correlated positively with number of overall and casual sex partners (rs ranged from.18 to 31).
Women: Attractiveness Correlates with Experience, but Not Desires
For women, attractiveness plays a somewhat different role. In societies where the sexes are allowed to mingle freely, attractive women get approached more often, and by more men, and so could end up with more sex partners simply because of more opportunity. But women's attractiveness, or lack thereof, is not the limiting factor in how much casual sex they can have—because there are always fewer women than men interested in casual sex, even unattractive women can easily have casual sex if they desire. Evolutionarily, there should be no additional benefit for attractive women to develop a greater interest in short-term mating.
And that's exactly what the new study found: Among the 170 female participants, attractiveness was unrelated to their uncommitted orientation (r =.10)—but it was correlated with more sex and casual sex (rs ranged from.20 to.32). Physical strength is fairly irrelevant to casual sex for women, and indeed, it was not related to either desire or engagement in casual sex.
Does that mean that there are no anatomical qualities related to desire for casual sex in women? Not necessarily, but that's a topic for another post.
What About Committed Sex?
Despite popular belief, more interest in uncommitted sex does not automatically mean less interest in committed sex. In fact, most people who desire casual sex also desire romantic sex. Further, the desire for committed sex is in no way related to any anatomical features.
Why? Because long-term romantic bonds are adaptive to everyone, regardless of people's attractiveness, strength, or any other factor. Even the hottest and strongest guy benefits from a long-term partner to raise children with and satisfy his fundamental human need for emotional attachment and connection. Unsurprisingly, the study found no correlation between interest in committed sex and attraction or physical strength in either sex.
Lukaszewski, A. W., Larson, C. M., Gildersleeve, K. A., Roney, J. R., & Haselton, M. G. (2014). Condition-dependent calibration of men's uncommitted mating orientation: Evidence from multiple samples. Evolution and Human Behavior, online ahead of print. doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2014.03.002
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Math Course for Grade 7
In 7th grade math at Alpha Omega Academy, students build solid foundations for high school math by studying basic pre-algebra concepts.
Introduce students to pre-algebra! In 7th grade math, students build solid foundations for high school math by studying basic pre-algebra concepts. Lessons in this online academy course include exercises with whole numbers, shapes, rational numbers, sets, fractions, formulas, and ratios.
Making pre-algebra easy to approach, this online academy math course includes step-by-step explanations, helpful illustrations, and fun activities to promote comprehension. Additional topics include equations, statistics, graphs, rational numbers, and applications. Course units contain quizzes and tests to evaluate progress and student mastery.
Ready to Get Started with Our Online Academy?
Alpha Omega Academy has year-long open enrollment, so you can start this course at any time! Visit the tuition page of our online academy to learn more about pricing or click the button below to get started with enrollment today. Have questions first? Call us at _PHONE_.Back to Course List
Print This Page View Elementary and Middle School Course Catalog
Read Benefits of AOA
Need help choosing courses? Call _PHONE_ for curricula advice and placement testing options.
Overview of ConceptsIgnitia & LIFEPAC
- Patterns and Equations
- Ratios and Proportions
- Probability and Graphing
- Data Analysis
- Measurement and Area
- Surface Area and Volume
- Number Theory
- Addition & Subtraction
- Ratio & Proportion
- Probability & Statistics


시간 제한 메모리 제한 제출 정답 맞은 사람 정답 비율
1 초 256 MB 14 8 8 100.000%
You are given some colored marbles arranged in a circle. The marbles can have three different colors: red, white and green. The marbles changes their color in each second. The new color of a marble depends on the marble right to it. The rules of changing color is as follows:
 - if the color of the marble is white then in the next second its color will be the one onits right.
 - otherwise, the marble does not change color if the color of the one of its right is white.
 - otherwise, if the marble has the different color than the one of its right, it will become white.
 - otherwise, the marble will have the same color with its right. In this case, if it is red then it will become green and if it is green it will become red.
You are given a string S and an integer N. Determine the state of the marbles after N seconds. If we consider S as a character array and its length is L, then we have L marbles in the circle. Marble (i+1) is in the right side of marble i. For marble (L-1), marble 0 is in its right.
Input starts with T (T ≤ 20), the number of test cases. Each of the next T line contains S (1 ≤ |S| ≤ 20,000) and N (1 ≤ N ≤ 10^18) separated by a single space.
For each case, output "Case _TAG_: W R G" (without quotes) in a line where X is the case number, starting from 1, followed by a single space, and W is the number of white marbles, R is the number of red marbles and G is the number of green marbles for that particular case, each separated by a single space.
예제 입력
예제 출력
Case #1: 3 1 3
Case #2: 4 4 4
Case #3: 10 1 3
Case #4: 5 2 2
Case #5: 8 2 4


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Chances are that you are reading this article because you are a tea buff captivated by the pretty patterns made by the leaves left at the bottom of your favorite cup of Darjeeling. You know that tea leaf reading has been practiced as a form of divination, probably ever since the first cup was brewed, and you are intrigued to try your hand at it.
In the many tea cup reading workshops I have delivered over the years, I've found that my students eagerly listen to my explanations, can hardly wait to prepare their first cup for reading, and then....stare in consternation at the soggy mass left at the bottom of the cup and lament, "How am I supposed to make sense of that?"
To help lift you over the hump—that clutch moment when you fear you're floundering in a red sea of Rooibos—and onto the path toward giving dynamic readings, here are 10 easy-to-put-into-practice tips. When putting these tips into practice, remember that your objective is to tell a good story to which the person you're reading for can relate.
- You don't need to interpret every image you see.
The clump opposite the handle that looks like something the cat left, and from which no definable symbols can be extracted, probably means you put too many leaves in your inquirer's cup. Since leaves plump up a lot after they steep, a half teaspoon of dry leaves is plenty. (The inquirer, by the way, is the person for whom you are reading.) If you get involved with trying to include every image you find in your interpretation, the tale you tell may veer off course, and your inquirer will become mystified about what you're communicating. So, at least initially, only talk about the images that fit the story you are putting forth. If your inquirer broaches other questions or seeks a clarification, then you can point to some of the other images.
- Only interpret the images that relate to your inquirer's question.
The best time to ask your inquirer to share concerns is while the person is drinking the tea so that these thoughts more thoroughly infuse the leaves. Also, when you have the question in mind before you take a peek at the cup, your intuition will guide you to elicit the significant symbols. Once when I went for a reading for myself—not a tea leaf reading, but an intuitive reading—the psychic waxed on and on about my husband and how intelligent, kind, romantic, and athletic he was. Now I happen to think my husband is rather wonderful, but I was going for a reading to find out about my own professional concerns, not his. Needless to say, when my stated question was never answered, I left unhappy.
- Ease yourself into the interpretation by concentrating on the larger, well-formed images.
These are more important than tiny, light, sketchy looking ones.
- Develop a systematic plan for finding symbols.
First, see if you recognize any special tea leaf reading symbols. These images occur frequently in cups and hold special significance for tea leaf readers. For example, a single dot, which when coupled with an image emphasizes its meaning. Blobs warn of disappointment (unless you put in too many leaves!), an arrow indicates a message forthcoming, lines harbinger journeys, and dashes indicate movement in affairs. Next, look for images that represent concrete, realistic things—the sorts of items that surround us in everyday life. Houses, cars, dogs, hats, human profiles, apples, birds, computers, feathers, trees, and flowers represent typical items that appear in cups. Only after you have identified common objects should you move on to discovering more complicated images such as numbers, letters, words, geometrical forms, and universal symbols.
- Don't try to memorize a dictionary full of symbols.
Your inquirer, who is probably your cousin, co-worker, or friend, doesn't expect you to become a symbols maven overnight, and won't mind if you need to look up something. While it's a good idea to familiarize yourself with the significance of some common symbols, such as a crown for victory, a heart for love, and an apple for knowledge, you'll find that you will instinctively be aware of many definitions, as they often follow common sense. Besides, the more readings you perform the more symbols you will remember. Note that there is a danger in overemphasizing precise, bookish symbolic meanings. Such inflexibility can interfere with your interpretation and cause your inquirer to say, "What?" "Come again?" "I don't quite understand you." Along the same lines, if after you have exhausted every possible way to explain the images in the cup, and have given every possible meaning for the symbols, and your inquirer still requires more information, you might try using another form of divination to clarify the issue. A woman once came to me with a complex question about her ballet studio. She didn't know how to drum up more business. Should she advertise more, if so, where? Was her business partner the right one or should she rely more on her manager, or even change managers? Would it be better to sell the studio? If so, who would be the best buyer and when should she do it? Obviously, the tea leaves couldn't unravel all these complexities in a single cup, even though I read from China Black tea leaves, which render more images than most kinds of tea. After I completed the reading, I brought out my a href="_URL_ deck and drew three cards for each question that the leaves had left unanswered. The cards showed my inquirer's past experiences, the current situation, and the probable outcome. If you feel it is helpful, you may also add a pendulum to your tea leaf reading, especially when the inquirer has many questions that can be answered by "yes" or "no."
- When you see an image that puzzles you, try to view it from all angles, even upside-down.
It may look like a woman's profile from one viewpoint, and like a cat from another perspective. Both images are valid, and interconnected. In this case, the interpretation might be to watch out for a woman of a jealous, gossipy nature.
- Still stuck on a symbol? Don't hesitate to describe the image to your inquirer, and get their opinion of its significance for them.
We all have our private symbolic language and individual interpretations. For instance, if somebody were reading a cup for me and found a frog, they might interpret it as meaning a sudden move, possibly a change of job or residence, both of which are standard definitions. However, for me, a frog is a very positive symbol; in fact, I consider it my totem animal. So to see a frog in my cup means fertility of body, mind, and spirit, happiness, and success in my endeavors. Once I distinguished a scorpion, symbol of vicious criticism, in cup that was otherwise filled with positive signs, including a flying bird, a dolphin, the number 2, a bouquet of roses, and two birds cuddling in a nest. I asked my inquirer if a scorpion meant anything to her. She smiled and responded that she was in love with a man born under the sign of Scorpio, but that he had been studying abroad for the last year. She missed him very much and although they corresponded frequently, she was worried that they might drift apart. I assuaged her concerns with the following interpretation: Soon (because of the position of the flying bird near the handle, which represents present time) she would receive a message from her lover that he was coming home. After a safe journey (the dolphin), perhaps as early as in February (the second month of the year), he would return and declare his love for her (bouquet of roses). The couple would enter into a partnership (also the number 2), that would culminate in domestic bliss (nesting birds).
- Use your intuition.
This may sound like a no-brainer, but you would be surprised how many neophyte readers get hung up on dictionary definitions for symbols, and suppress the intuitive right brain. If, while you are examining the cup, your inner voice whispers that you should interpret a symbol in an unconventional way, go with the flow. Remember the woman's profile and cat in tip #6? Those images may not point to an envious woman at all, but to a friend with well-honed psychic abilities who will help the inquirer solve a personal problem. It's even better if you can find nearby symbols to support your interpretation. Your initial impressions are what strike you from the very first moment you gaze into the cup. Your intuition may even cause you to visualize something in your head that does not appear physically in the cup. Mention this to your inquirer as you progress with the reading.
- Remember that you need not interpret every image in symbolic terms.
In other words, a breadbox may literally refer to a breadbox and not to the inquirer's economic state. Once I really did see a breadbox in a gentleman's cup. When I mentioned this to him, he told me that he had been looking high and low to buy one to no avail. The breadbox in his cup was coupled with a computer, so I advised him to go online with his search.
- My final piece of advice is to relax!
Novice readers tend to worry too much that they're going to be confronted with a blank wall when they gaze into the cup. This attitude sets up a mental block that becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy. You'll always find something to talk about in the cup. And if you don't, perhaps it's


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Morphology in WordNet uses two types of processes to try to convert the string passed into one that can be found in the WordNet database. There are lists of inflectional endings, based on syntactic category, that can be detached from individual words in an attempt to find a form of the word that is in WordNet. There are also exception list files, one for each syntactic category, in which a search for an inflected form is done. Morphy tries to use these two processes in an intelligent manner to translate the string passed to the base form found in WordNet. Morphy first checks for exceptions, then uses the rules of detachment. The Morphy functions are not independent from WordNet. After each transformation, WordNet is searched for the resulting string in the syntactic category specified.
The Morphy functions are passed a string and a syntactic category. A string is either a single word or a collocation. Since some words, such as axes can have more than one base form (axe and axis ), Morphy works in the following manner. The first time that Morphy is called with a specific string, it returns a base form. For each subsequent call to Morphy made with a NULL string argument, Morphy returns another base form. Whenever Morphy cannot perform a transformation, whether on the first call for a word or subsequent calls, NULL is returned. A transformation to a valid English string will return NULL if the base form of the string is not in WordNet.
The morphological functions are found in the WordNet library. See morph(3WN) for information on using these functions.
If the word is not found in the exception list corresponding to the syntactic category, an algorithmic process using the rules of detachment looks for a matching suffix. If a matching suffix is found, a corresponding ending is applied (sometimes this ending is a NULL string, so in effect the suffix is removed from the word), and WordNet is consulted to see if the resulting word is found in the desired part of speech.
Verb collocations that contain prepositions, such as ask for it, are more difficult. As with single words, the exception list is searched first. If the collocation is not found, special code in Morphy determines whether a verb collocation includes a preposition. If it does, a function is called to try to find the base form in the following manner. It is assumed that the first word in the collocation is a verb and that the last word is a noun. The algorithm then builds a search string with the base forms of the verb and noun, leaving the remainder of the collocation (usually just the preposition, but more words may be involved) in the middle. For example, passed asking for it, the database search would be performed with ask for it, which is found in WordNet, and therefore returned from Morphy. If a verb collocation does not contain a preposition, then the base form of each word in the collocation is found and WordNet is searched for the resulting string.
Morphy will allow non-words to be converted to words, if they follow one of the rules described above. For example, it will happily convert plantes to plants.
Table of Contents


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Economy that relates with economics of all the countries of the world. It is all of national economics. World-wide economic activity between various countries that are considered intertwined and thus can affect other countries negatively or positively. A key concept in the global economy is globalization, which is the process that leads to individual economies around the world being closely interwoven such that an event in one country is bound to affect the state of other world economies. The impact factor of journal provides quantitative assessment tool for grading, evaluating, sorting and comparing journals of similar kind. It reflects the average number of citations to recent articles published in science and social science journals in a particular year or period, and is frequently used as a proxy for the relative importance of a journal within its field. It is first devised by Eugene Garfield, the founder of the Institute for Scientific Information. The impact factor of a journal is evaluated by dividing the number of current year citations to the source items published in that journal during the previous two years.
Last date updated on July, 2014


Well, it sucks but it's true. There's a bunch of noise on the Internet about how to do unique constraints in Google App Engine, but it seems like these are the only two safe ways. The thing to remember is, the only uniqueness that GAE will guarantee is on key names.
Approach #1: Make the unique field be the key name
As long as you promise to yourself that you'll never need to change the value, then you should make the unique field be the "key name" in the table. Then you can call db.Model.get_or_insert(key_name) to either retrieve an existing one or create a new one. Too bad in the real world, it's really hard to find something like this. Email addresses never change? Let me check my hotmail account. Social security numbers never change? Well, unless there was a typo. Every time I think I found a unique field that can never change, I'm proven wrong. So you'll never catch me doing this. But YMMV.
Approach #2: Create a separate table to track all used ids
This is pretty slick -- I found it in this article: Add a Unique Constraint to Google App Engine. The approach is to create a new table called Unique, and make the "key name" of each row in Unique be a combination of the name of the table and the unique field value. The downside is that you have extra storage overhead: a new table with the list of unique fields, plus the default indices that GAE makes for it. This is fairly analogous to declaring a unique index in SQL databases, since a unique SQL index is merely a persisted list of unique fields. There's just less overhead in a SQL database implementation because it's only one list, whereas in GAE this user-generated unique index is really one list (for the table) plus the default indices GAE makes for any entity.
I must say that Google is aware of this issue. It looks like they'd have to make some major architectural changes to implement this. My guess is if they ever fix this, they'll sneak in approach #2, above their BigTable support and below the API that us users use.
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Blogs About Reading
Page by Page
Reading Rockets' children's literature expert, Maria Salvadore, brings you into her world as she explores the best ways to use kids' books both inside — and outside — of the classroom.
Books for peace?
Over 50 years ago, the International Board on Books for Young People (IBBY) was established by Jella Lepman. Her vision for the organization was to "to promote international understanding through children's books." There are now over 70 chapters of IBBY throughout the world, including the US chapter, known as USBBY.
Each year, a committee of USBBY members selects books to appear on the Outstanding International Books for Children (and young adults). The 2010 list features books published in the previous year for children in kindergarten through grade 12.
I'm working with the committee to select titles for the 2011 list — and in fact, the committee will meet and deliberate this weekend.
Each committee member has read lots (and lots) of books published in other countries before being published in the United States. Of course, the books are evaluated on literary and artistic merit but also on how well they introduce American readers to book creators with other than American perspectives.
It's interesting when reading these books many present a distinct culture but with themes that American children can readily relate to — like the need to belong, to understand, for friendship. It's also interesting to see very different styles of illustration.
Jella Lepman was on target, I think. Even though most children won't have the chance to travel the world, they can meet people from across the globe through and in books — and isn't that what creates understanding?
Books can help eliminate the notion of "them, not me" — perhaps building empathy and maybe even one day, peace.


Tool Briefing: Determine the cause of engine overheating
 1. Pull trouble codes.
 2. Verify fault or proper operation of system.
 3. Command fan operation with the scan tool.
 4. Have the right tools and tests in place to capture the fault if it shows up.
 5. Use an infrared temperature gun to find the shorting fan.
A 2005 Dodge Magnum with a 5.7L V8 came in with an overheating complaint. Normally, you'd want to verify the condition before testing, but who wants to overheat the customer's engine on purpose? Luckily, the PCM had a stored P0480 code for an open cooling fan control circuit. It's important to note here that a code like this could indicate an open or a short. The code is for an open, but a short would blow a fuse and create an open circuit anyway.
The wiring diagram showed that two fuses were used to control the dual fan system. The 40-amp fuse was blown, but the 50-amp fuse was fine. The diagram is a little hard to understand, but basically this Dodge uses a series/parallel fan design you'll occasionally see on other vehicles as well.
At low speed, the 40-amp fuse feeds both fans in series, so they both drop 6V. Two relays are used to route the fans parallel to each other, with the 50-amp fuse feeding one fan and the 40-amp fuse feeding the other. From this information, it's impossible to determine if there is a fault in a specific fan circuit.
There are plenty of great strategies for finding a short without blowing lots of test fuses. A test light can be connected across the fuse cavities.
With the key on, if the short is present, the test light will illuminate. An LED test light only flows about 40 miliamps (mA), so this is a great way to find shorts without flowing too much current through the system. However, this blown fuse controlled a brushed DC motor. These types of motors are a dead short at rest, so the test light will always light up. By spinning them by hand, we are able to see if they feel like they're mechanically binding. These felt fine. Therefore, a 40-amp fuse was risked, but it was installed using jumper leads to provide test access for current probes.
The scan tool was used to command fan operation key on, engine off (KOEO), which is a great way to test the fans without risking overheating. The Matco CM600 (Fig. 1) shows that the current through the fans is 4.1 amps on the current probe. The scan tool control doesn't say it, but it controls only low speed fan operation, so this is the current through both fans in series. Clearly, there isn't a problem with the fans or circuits during this test.
Since this isn't a hard fault, there are three options: 1) Return the vehicle to the customer with a new fuse and risk their anger when they melt their engine. 2) Monitor the current while manipulating harnesses and shifting (to check motor mounts) to flush out a short in the harness. 3) Monitor the current while waiting for the motor to heat up, as many actuators only fail hot.
Since the first option isn't good for customer loyalty, both of the other options were used. The first probe had a display for instantaneous readings, but for monitoring over time, the technician selected the PDI 60 amps probe connected to the component test meter. The screen was set to five minutes. While the fans were on and heating up, the harness was manipulated and the transmission was shifted repeatedly into all gears to stretch the harness.
The capture on the component test meter (Fig. 2) shows that the current slowly ramped up during the first minute, which is typical of brushed motors. Then one of the fans either shorted or seized-up momentarily at about three-and-a-half minutes, and then again at about four minutes. The current then went to zero amps because the 40-amp test fuse blew.
The minimum/maximum tracking on the component test meter shows the peak current was 54.55 amps during the fault.
So it's clear that there was a short, but it still hasn't been decided if the problem is in the harness or in one of the fan motors.
To decide, the technician quickly grabbed a test light and connected the tip to one of the jumpers to the now-open fuse, and the ground clamp to the other jumper. This connection effectively powers the fans, but with only the 40 mA that flow through the test light. As stated before, brushed DC motors are a dead short at rest, so it's to be expected that the test light will illuminate (Fig. 3).
The fan connector was disconnected to see if the test light went out. The test light did go out, which indicates that there isn't a short in the harness. These fans are available separately, so it's still important to determine which one shorted. But the individual fan connectors are very difficult to access, so an infrared thermometer was used to see which fan was the hottest (Fig. 4). After all, current must do work, and if it wasn't spinning, the fan must have been creating heat.
The left fan was only at 104 degrees F., but the right fan showed 234 degrees F. The right fan was ordered and replaced, and the vehicle was returned to the customer. In the end, this wasn't a difficult diagnosis, but it's a great example of a faster way to zero in on the root cause without wasting a lot of time (or 40-amp fuses).
Using a component test meter and an infrared heat gun helped pinpoint the actual shorting condition, and then the offending fan motor. If the short had been on the harness, the infrared gun may have been useful in finding the exact location of the short, though in today's tightly packed engine compartments, that's a hit-and-miss strategy.
On a side note, if the fans had run a significant amount of time without the fault showing up, the best strategy would have been to run them at high speed to stress them. Since the scan tool doesn't have the ability to force high speed operation, you could remove the "fan high" and "fan high/low control" relays and jumper cavities 30 and 87. This will put the fans in parallel and use both the 40-amp and 50-amp current paths. An alternative strategy is to ground the front control module terminal 41, which should accomplish the same thing.
Tim Flannery is president and CEO of Automotive Training Group, a San Diego, Calif. training resource for professionals.


Handling POST requests with Express and Node.js
HTML has featured forms for more than 20 years. Today, the form is still a powerful tool for building web applications. In web applications, users are often prompted to enter data into a form. To make use of that data, the web server must understand how to process it. Popular web server scripting languages include Java, ASP.NET, PHP, Python and Node.js. In this article, we will learn how to access the POST data sent to a Node.js web server.
To get started, clone the following git hub repository:
(Instructions on how to run the code are available in the Git hub page.)
 "dependencies": {
 "body-parser": "^1.15.2",
 "express": "4.14.0"
 "scripts": {
 "start": "node server.js"
The package.json for this project is simple. We need the body-parser and express Node.js modules. We also create a scripts property so that running the example code requires a simple command: npm start.
Requiring the modules we need
Example # 1:
/require the express nodejs module
var express = require('express'),
 //set an instance of exress
 app = express(),
 //require the body-parser nodejs module
 bodyParser = require('body-parser'),
 //require the path nodejs module
 path = require("path");
In example # 1, we have imported the Node.js modules we need. The Express module takes care of the heavy lifting with regards to fulfilling web requests. If you are not familiar with the Express Node.js module, please see my earlier blog post on this subject:
We also import the body-parser Node.js module. This module plays a critical role. It parses the body of an HTTP request. When it comes to processing a POST request, this is important. The path Node.js module helps express to construct a file path.
bodyParser.json and bodyParser.urlencoded
Example # 2:
//support parsing of application/json type post data
//support parsing of application/x-www-form-urlencoded post data
app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: true }));
In example # 2, we tell express to use the bodyParser.json middleware. This provides support for parsing of application/json type post data. We also tell express to use the bodyParser.urlencoded middleware. This provides support for parsing of application/x-www-form-urlencoded type post data.
Creating the node.js web server
Example # 3:
//tell express that www is the root of our public web folder
app.use(express.static(path.join(__dirname, 'www')));
//tell express what to do when the /about route is requested
app.post('/form', function(req, res){
 //mimic a slow network connection
 firstName: req.body.firstName || null,
 lastName: req.body.lastName || null
 }, 1000)
 //debugging output for the terminal
 console.log('you posted: First Name:'+ req.body.firstName + ', Last Name:'+ req.body.lastName);
//wait for a connection
app.listen(3000, function () {
 console.log('Server is running. Point your browser to: http://localhost:3000');
In example # 3, we use express.static to setup our static assets folder. The main purpose of this is to help the working example function in a browser, with minimal effort. For more information on express.static, please see my earlier blog post in Express mentioned above.
In this example, we use the app.post method. This tells the Express module to wait for an HTTP request at the /form route, that leverages the POST HTTP verb. When the user sends a POST request to the /form route, Node.js executes the provided callback. The callback is the second argument passed to the app.post method.
The app.post callback takes two arguments. The first argument is the request object (i.e. "req"). The second argument is the result argument (i.e. "res"). We use the res.setHeader method to set the Content-Type header to application/json. This tells the users browser how to properly handle the returned data from the request.
NOTE: We wrap the rest of the callback code in a setTimeout. The purpose of this is to mimic a slow internet connection. Otherwise, the working example moves fast. For some, it might be difficult to understand what is happening.
Inside the setTimeout, we use the res.send method to send the result body back to the user. We are sending a serialized JSON object. To construct this object, we access the body property of the req object (i.e. the request object). This is the reason we have implemented the bodyParser.json middleware. It allows us to parse the properties of the request body. In this example, we are expecting firstName and lastName POST parameters. We access the req.body.firstName and req.body.lastName properties, to build the JSON for our result object.
Viewing the working code example
To see this code in action, you can make a POST request in your browser.
Follow these steps :
1) Clone the git hub repository. _URL_
2) Install the application: npm install
3) Start the application: npm start
4) Point your browser to: http://localhost:3000
5) In the web page, enter some text into the two input boxes, and then click the "Submit" button
6) Notice the logging statement in your node.js terminal
7) Notice that the text you entered displayed in a browser message
You might also want to take a look at the Network tab in your Web Developer Tools. You can see the actual network request that goes to the web server. You'll be able to inspect the POST data sent, and the JSON data returned.
Here is what happens when you submit the data in the browser :
The JavaScript in www/js/form-handler.js makes an AJAX POST call to the route: /form. The object sent in the POST request is: {firstName: XXX. lastName: XXX}. NOTE: "XXX" is whatever value entered into the form's text inputs. Our Node.js web server intercepts the HTTP request to /form. Our Node.js web server parses the body of the HTTP request and constructs a JSON object. The XMLHttpRequest for the AJAX call is this JSON object. The browser displays the data from this JSON object in the browser.
(Nothing too fancy here, but the purpose of the example is to show the "round trip" of our HTTP POST request).
In this article, we learned how to handle POST requests with the Express node.js module. We talked about the need for bodyParser.json and bodyParser.urlencoded. We also learned how to listen for a POST request to a specific route, and how to access the POST parameters in the HTTP request body. While the working example is simple, it allows you to inspect every step of the process. If you look at your browser's network tab, you can see the HTTP POST request go out, and then return. What happens during the server-side processing of that request is what you see in our Node.js code: server.js. Hopefully, this will get you started with your next form-based Node.js application!
Kevin Chisholm
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Presentation on theme: "Webcutter Estimated time required: 40 min"— Presentation transcript:
1 Webcutter Estimated time required: 40 min GUI familiarity level required: LowerMSC.ADAMS 2005 r2
2 Topics Covered Save/Export Start Adams Rotate Parts In this tutorial, you will learn how to:Save/ExportRotate PartsAdd 2 Body, 2 Location Revolution JointSave Assembled ModelModify Material PropertiesMeasure Torque, Bearing Force, CM angular Acceleration/VelocityMeasure Angle With Respect to GroundExport Data to ExcelCreate A step FunctionStart AdamsChange Grid Size and SpacingSet material PropertiesCreate Extruded PartModify PartRenameModify ViewCreate MarkerAdd Revolute JointAdd Rotational joint MotionVerify ModelRun SimluationYou will need to download "link_geometry.zip" file to complete this tutorialIf you have any difficulties, import the "Webcutter_shortcut_1.cmd" file and proceed from pg 18If you have any difficulties, import the "Webcutter_shortcut_2.cmd" file and proceed from pg 21If you have any difficulties, import the "Webcutter_Asm_shortcut_3.cmd" file and proceed from pg 26If you have any difficulties, import the "Webcutter_Asm_shortcut_4.cmd" file and proceed from pg 34If you have any difficulties, import the "Webcutter_Asm_complete.cmd" file and proceed from pg 25
3 Problem TitleB4B3A2O4O2This tutorial will describe in depth how to use ADAMS to determine the torque of the motor, bearing forces, and the angular position, velocity, and acceleration of the links for the given problem.Links are 2cm thick and made out of Al Link 2 is rotating at a rate of 60 rpm CCW.
4 What You Should Accomplish If you are successful, you should end up with a simple working webcutter model that illustrates bearing force, motor torque and angular velocity/acceleration of your model.
5 Create New Model Getting Started: a. Under the heading "How would you like to proceed", select the Create a new model radio button.b. Choose a Location to save your filesc. Set Model Name as Webcutterd. Verify the Gravity text field is set to Earth Normal (-Global Y).e. Verify that the Units text field is set to MKS - m,kg,N,s,deg.f. Select OK.abcdef
6 Change Working Grid Settings To edit the grid size:Click Settings menu, select Working Grid…The Working Grid Settings window will appearChange the Spacing text fields in X and Y to (10mm)Click OKClick View Coordinate Window (F4)abdcNote: you should see a denser set of dots on your screen
7 Set Material Properties A new window will appear, enter:Name:.Webcutter.Al6063Young Modulus: 214e6Poissons Ratio: 0.33Density: 2710Click OKClick Build Menu Materials NewabcNote: If the density is not set the simulation will not run properly
8 Create Extruded PartRight click on Rigid body tool stack, select Extrusion toolEnter 0.02 in the Length text fieldSelect Backward from Path: drop down menuClick points origin (0.0, 0.0, 0.0) (0.15, ) (0.15, 0.0, 0.0) (0.0, 0.0, 0.0), right-click to closeadcbNote: When using a command the bar on the bottom will tell you what to do and you can always exit a command by pressing the Esc key
9 Change ViewRight Click in the workspace and Select Iso or Press Shift+I to view an isometric view.aVarious other options and their shortcut keys are available in this menu. Spend some time experimenting with them and then return to the front view (Shift+F)
10 Rename Right-Click on part, select Part: PART_2 Rename Enter.model_1.link_2 in New Name text fieldClick OKbcaRename the Marker at the origin to.model_1.O2
11 Modify Extrusion Points Right-click on the triangle, select Extrusion: Extrusion_1 Modify.Click next to Profile Points text fieldClick Read button next to FileBrowse the directory for the file link2.txtClick OpenClick OKadbgecfNote: By starting our Triangle at the origin and normalizing the points about O2 for link 2, the origin and O2 coincide.
12 Create a MarkerRight click on Rigid body tool stack, select Marker toolSelect Add to Part from Marker pull down menuSelect Global XY from Orientation pull down menuClick Part_2 (0.04, 0.0, 0.0)Rename Marker.model_1.A2abcdNote: This is why the links were rotated to make OA horizontal for the input files.
13 Add Revolute Joint Right click Joint tool stack, select Revolute joint Select 1 Location from Construction pull down menuClick on point link_2.O2abc
14 Add MotionRight Click on Motion Driver tool stack, select Rotational Joint MotionEnter (360D) in Speed text fieldClick JOINT_1acb
15 Verify Your Modela. In the lower right corner of the modeling window, right-click on the Information icon.b. Click on the Verification icon. abThe Info Window appearsc. After seeing that the model has verified successfully,d. click on the Close buttondcNote: The model verification step is one way to find errors in the model definition. ADAMS checks for error conditions such as misaligned joints, unconstrained parts, or massless parts in dynamic systems, and alerts you to other possible problems in the model.
16 Run a Simulation How to simulate the model: Click on the Simulation tool in the Toolbox.Select Duration from pull down menuEnter 2Select Step Size from pull down menuEnter 0.01Click on the Play button. If everything has been done correctly the bar should complete one revolution.acdbb
17 Save DatabaseSave your database by Click File Save Database, and select no for a backup copyaTo export a.cmd fileClick File ExportSelect ADAMS/View Command File from File Type pull down menuEnter a File nameClick OKcdbe
18 Create Part 2Create another extruded triangle, with thickness = 0.2, using points:(0.04, 0.0, 0.0) (0.3, 0.0, 0.0) (0.25, -0.15, 0.0)Modify Extrusion points using list3.txtRename the part to link_3Create Marker at Point (0.32,0.0,0.0), rename it B3Create a revolute joint between link_2 and link_3de
19 Revolve PartClick anywhere on Link 3. Notice that everything is highlighted and there is a green handle at the end of the y axis on the coordinate located at A2.Click on this handle and drag left. This causes Link 3 to rotate about that point. Let Link 3 in this position for now so it is out of the way.ba
20 Verify and Simulate Verify you model Run a simulation: Duration = 2.0, Step Size = 0.01 ba
21 Create Marker Create Marker on the ground at point (0.26, -0.04, 0.0) Rename it O4a
22 Create Part 4Draw another triangle with the Extrusion tool this time with the first point at O4. Repeat the previous steps and read in Link4.txt to correct the shape.Create a marker on link 4 at position (0.66, -4.0E-002, 0.0), rename it B4Add a Revolute Joint between link 4 and Ground, at O4.bc
23 Create Joint between Part 3 and 4 Rotate link_4 so that points B3 and B4 are closeClick the revolute joint toolSelect 2 Bod-2 Loc from Construction pull down menuClick link_4 link_3 (point) B4 (point) B3dbca
24 Rendering Model Click View Render Mode Smooth Shaded (This can also be done by using the shortcut keys or Shift )a
25 Save Assembled ModelTo join these location click Simulate Interactive ControlsClick which performs initial conditions solution.Ignore and Close the warning that comes up. The part is now joinedClickEnter.Webcutter_Asm in New Model text field, Click OKClick play to run the simulation.afebdNote: The warning is stating that the two reference points of the revolute joint are not the same and need to be the same for the part to run. ADAMS will move the two links so that the points will coincide before running the simulation.
26 Modify Material Properties Right-Click link 2, Select Part: link_2 ModifyEnter.Webcutter_Asm.Al6063 in Material Type text fieldClick OKRepeat this step for link_3 and link_4.bacNote: If you choose the option of just entering density, the Links will have significant deformation during the run.
27 This is what your screen should look like when ModelThis is what your screen should look like whenyour model is complete.
28 Measure Motor TorqueRight Click Motion and select Motion: Motion_1 MeasureEnter.Webcutter_Asm.Torque in Measure Name text fieldSelect Torque from Characteristic pull down menuChoose Z radio button next to Component.Click OK (A measurement window will appear which will graph torque respective to the simulationbcdae


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Word may refer to any of the following:
1. In general, a word is a single element of speech that is typically separated by spaces and helps form a sentence. For example, this sentence contains seven words. The English language contains several hundred thousand different words and Computer Hope lists over 14,000 computer related words in its computer dictionary.
2. In computing, a word is a single unit of measurement that is assumed to be a 16-bits in length value. However, it can be any set value, common values included: 16, 18, 24, 32, 36, 40, 48, and 64.
3. Sometimes called Winword, MS Word, or Word, Microsoft Word is a word processor published by Microsoft. It is one of the office productivity applications included in Microsoft Office. Originally developed by Charles Simonyi and Richard Brodie, it was first released in 1983.
What is Word used for?
Microsoft Word allows you to create professional-quality documents, reports, letters, and résumés. Unlike a plain text editor, Microsoft Word has features including spell check, grammar check, text and font formatting, HTML support, image support, advanced page layout, and more.
What does the Word editor look like?
Below is an overview of a Microsoft Word 2010 document.
Where do you find or start Microsoft Word?
If you have Microsoft Word or the entire Microsoft Office package installed on Microsoft Windows, you can find Microsoft Word in your Start Menu.
Keep in mind that new computers do not include Microsoft Word. It must be purchased and installed before it can be run on your computer. If you do not want (or cannot afford) to purchase Microsoft Word, you can use a limited version for free at _URL_.
Note: there are also free word processing programs you can try that are very similar to Microsoft Word.
If Microsoft Word is installed on your computer, but you can't find it in your Start Menu, use the following steps to manually launch Microsoft Word:
- Open My Computer.
- Click on or select the C: drive. If Microsoft Office is installed on a drive other than the C: drive, select that drive instead.
- Navigate to the Program Files (x86) folder, then the Microsoft Office folder.
- In the Microsoft Office folder, if there is a root, open that folder. Then open the OfficeXX folder, where XX is the version of Office (e.g. Office16 for Microsoft Office 2016). If there is no root folder, look for and open a folder having "Office" in the name.
- Look for a file named WINWORD.EXE and click or double-click that file to start the Microsoft Word program.
What type of files can Microsoft Word create and use?
Early versions of Microsoft Word primarily created and used the.doc file extension, while newer versions of Word create and use the.docx file extension.
More recent versions of Microsoft Word can create and open the following types of files:
-.doc,.docm,.docx
-.dot,.dotm,.dotx
-.htm,.html
-.mht,.mhtml
Example of a Microsoft Word.doc file
You can download an example of a Microsoft Word.doc document by clicking the Microsoft Word.doc file link.


AllicinMax Cream is available in the US and it is an extremely effective topical treatment for MRSA sufferers.
The AllicinMax Cream is a formulated Allicin liquid that is infused into a cosmetically acceptable, aqueous cream base and is design for topical use.
AllicinMax Gel is also available in some countries such as the UK. The Gel is basically the same thing but the Allicin is infused into a Aloe Vera gel instead of a cream.
The only advantage of the gel that I found was the fact that the gel is clear as opposed to the creams white.
What is Allicin?
Allicin is the active ingredient of Garlic and when extracted and stabilized, it is a potent antimicrobial agent.
It has been proven to be effective against common virus' and even the "superbug" bacteria, MRSA.
Allicin is an important supplement when dealing with MRSA because it not only kills MRSA quickly and effectively on contact, but it also helps to strengthen your immune system which reduces the risk of reinfection.
It is also highly effective against other bacteria and virus's.
When taken internally in capsule form, Allicin is great for:
 - The prevention of cardiovascular attacks
 - Restoring suppressed antibody responses
 - Use as a broad spectrum antimicrobial agent
 - Preventing the common cold
 - Preventing and treating cancer
Used topically as a cream it is just as effective, particularly at protecting against skin borne bacteria and virus's.
How to use it?
Apply it topically by massaging gently into skin. You can use it as often as desired or as directed by your health care provider for maximum health benefits.
To improve the lifespan of the product once opened, refrigerate after opening.
What are the benefits of Allicin cream?
It is a highly effective bacteria killer so when applied to the skin, it easily overcomes and kills MRSA and other dangerous bacteria.
Because it is a gentle cream, it can be safely applied to areas of the body that are sensitive and have the potential to be "home to" bacteria such as MRSA.
These areas include the groin, the armpits, and the nasal cavity and the cream can be safely applied to these sensitive areas.
Is there research to back it up?
There sure is…stacks of it. Just Google it! : )
To save you some time though, below is a link to the Allicin research conducted by Dr Ron Cutler.
In his research he studied the effectiveness of Allicin against MRSA and his findings were published in the British Journal Of Biomedical Science. You can click here to read the report.
Do I recommend it?
In fact, I still use it whenever I get a decent cut or abrasion because it not only kills Staphylococcus Aureus, but it also kills other bacteria that cause infections, thereby keeping me fighting fit and healthy.
I hope this advice helps you on your recovery from MRSA and feel free to leave a comment below.
Thanks for reading…
Disclaimer: I am an affiliate of this product.
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Honda GHX50 Motorized Bike Engine Review
HONDA GXH50 is a motorized bicycle engine model manufactured by one of the worlds leading engine manufacturer Honda. It starts up very easily with a nice sound and causes very little vibrations as compared to other models. It has a wide range of operation, operating between 4000 to 8000 rotations per minute (rpm). It has a good centrifugal mechanical governor to maintain a safe operating rpm and the engine also an idling speed which can be brought up or down to achieve the desired performance.
- The GHX50 is fuel efficient with a high turnout operation. HONDA GXH50 uses precision camshaft complete with 15.88 mm (5/8") shat design with OHV (overhead valve) for elevated efficiency and maximum fuel transfer. Its torque has a high compression ratio of about 8:1.
- The engine operates with very little vibrations which is possible due to the quality engineered components with a ball bearing supported shaft for stability.
-Honda GHX50 produces a smooth sound and it is generally very quiet. It has a large multi chamber exhaust system with advanced air intake system. It is also made of lesser materials making it lightweight and therefore minimizes noise.
-Easy maintenance practices as the critical parts are accessible with large fuel tank. The instructions that come with the package are also very simple to follow.
-The engine starts easily with the strong recoil starter and an automatic mechanical decompression system.
- Honda GXH50 is an Air cooled 4-Stroke Overhead valve type of an engine.
- The bore by stroke measures 41.8mm X 36mm.
- It has a displacement volume of 49.4 cm3.
- Overall power output of the engine is 2.1 HP (1.6 kW) ranging between 4000 rpm to 8000 rpm.
- Net torque of 2.0 lb-ft (2.7 Nm) in about 4500 rpm.
- It has Float type carburetor and transistorized magnets ignition system.
- Uses recoil start system.
- Uses centrifugal mechanical governor system.
- Uses unleaded 86 octane or higher rank fuel.


hash is correct.
 2. Payload size is correct.
 3. Signature chain is valid.
 4. Source NKN address and public key match the first element of the signature chain.
 5. Destination NKN address and public key match the last element of the signature chain.
So far, we have covered the NKN data packet, signature chain and its verifiable design. Now , it is time to introduce the NKN's proof of relay (PoR) mechanism. As demonstrated in Figure 6, we use NKN packet with payload field removed as a proof of relay work for all relay nodes along the route. It satisfies our verifiable, unforgeable and untamperable requirements such that everyone is able to verify the validity of a signature chain, while no one can forge or modify a valid signature chain without controlling (have private keys) of all nodes in the route.
Signature chain cannot be forked because each element contains the NKN address and public key of the next node. If a node on the route is malicious and removes or modifies some previous elements on the chain when generating his signature, the chain is no longer valid. Similarly, If a partially signed signature chain is intercepted by a malicious party, no valid signature chain can be generated without the private key of the designated next node.
On the other hand, considering the need to put the PoR mechanism into practice, it is necessary to consider the efficiency. Therefore, every NKN packet has a proof which can be used as a receipt to generate transactions from source to relayers. However, it is inefficient to create a transaction for every packet transmitted in the NKN. Instead, only packets whose last signature on the signature chain is smaller than a threshold are eligible for transactions.
The last signature on the signature chain is verifiable to everyone, while still being unpredictable and uncontrollable unless all nodes along the route including source and destination are controlled by the same party. The last signature is essentially deterministic given the payload and the full path, but cannot be computed in advance without all the private keys along the route.
With an ideal hash function, the last signature on the signature chain is random across packets. Thus, selecting only packets with small enough last signature for transactions (with adjusted price per packet) does not change the expected rewards for relay nodes but introduced some variation in pricing and rewards. The threshold should be chosen to balance the need for less transactions and smaller reward variation.
As with all public blockchains facing complex open environments, NKN needs to ensure the security of PoR in the case of malicious attacks. Signature chain in NKN packet is unpredictable and uncontrollable as long as the private key of at least one node is kept secret. However, if a malicious party controls all nodes on the route including source and destination, the party is able to predict and create valid signature chain and NKN packet without actually transmitting the packet. To solve this problem, we differentiate two classes of signature chain. One class, which is mathematically shown to have trivial probability to be controlled by a party, can be used to gain more benefits such as mining rewards. The other class has no additional benefits so that nothing but economic loss can be gained by creating signature chains. For more details on PoR security, please refer to the NKN Github wiki page (_URL_ . This includes how to design secure paths, session-based data transfer modes, etc.
Consensus and Blockchain
NKN draws on the Cellular Automata (Ising model) to achieve a consensus to improve the scalability of the network. Mathematical proofs and simulation results for consensus between nodes using the majority voting cellular automaton (MVCA) algorithm were described in the NKN white paper (_URL_ MVCA is efficient in both time and message count as only a few iterations of communications between neighbors are needed to reach consensus, as shown in the whitepaper.
Information required for consensus (e.g. next block) is sent to all participating nodes at the beginning of the consensus through a gossip-like protocol that takes up to O(logN) time, which is the main time cost for consensus process. Such time can be reduced to O(logN/logk) by having up to k times more neighbors similar to Kademlia DHT as we may implement in our future version.
The consensus algorithm can be implemented by an event-driven protocol triggered by consensus messages. Every consensus message has a topic id identifying what is being agreed on. For each consensus message received from a neighbor regarding a binary state (e.g. accept or reject a block), the following procedures are executed:
 1. If it's the first message with the topic id, then compute self initial state and send the state to neighbors.
 2. Update sender's state for the topic id.
 3. If more than half of the nodes choosing self as neighbor have the other state from self state for the topic id, then change self state to the majority state and send the state to neighbors.
The consensus process for a topic id stops after a fixed amount of time since first receiving messages with the same topic id. The correctness and convergence of the MVCA algorithm is shown in our whitepaper.
The production process of the block in NKN is also very characteristic. New block is added to the blockchain by first selecting a "leader" that proposes the new block. The leader selection is uncontrollable but verifiable. The expected probability that a node is elected as leader is proportional to the data relayed by the node on secure paths. The selected leader proposes the next block and sends it to the network for confirmation. The proposed block will be added to the blockchain as the next block if consensus among nodes is reached.
A leader is selected by first selecting a signature chain on a secure path. The signature chain being selected is the one that has the lowest last signature value. As discussed before, signature cannot be predicted or forged until a malicious party has controlled all nodes in the chain. On the other hand, any malicious party has a very low probability to control all nodes on a secure path. These two properties combined guarantees that selecting the signature chain with lowest last signature on secure paths is effectively randomly selecting signature chain on secure paths and the selection cannot be predicted or controlled by any party.
To select the signature chain with lowest last signature, each node who signs the last signature checks if the last signature is smaller than a threshold. If the last signature is smaller than the threshold, the node sends out the signature chain to the network as a candidate for the lowest last signature. The threshold is chosen so that with high probability, the lowest last signature is smaller than the threshold. Let t be the threshold in unit of largest possible signature value, and the signature is distributed uniformly from 0 to the largest value. The probability that all last signature are above the threshold is (1 — t)^L, where L is the number of signature chain. We need (1 — t)^L < e where e is small enough. For small t we have t > — (log e) / L. We choose t = — (log e) / L to minimize the number of candidates. L can be estimated from the average number of signature chains in a number of previous blocks.
Nodes reach consensus about signature chain selection after receiving candidates. The initial choice of each node is the signature chain candidate with lowest last signature. If all nodes receive the same candidates, then consensus is trivial as all honest nodes will make the same initial choice. Otherwise the same signature chain (but not necessarily the one with global lowest signature if initially it is not received by enough nodes) will be guaranteed by the consensus protocol.
When consensus about the signature chain is reached, leader is chosen deterministic from the signature chain. Let S be the last signature of the signature chain. Relay nodes on the signature chain are labeled from 0 to L-1, where L is the number of relay nodes. Then the leader is the node with label S mod L on the signature chain.
Finally, a block is proposed by the selected leader in each round. Proposed block is sent to all nodes for verification and consensus. During consensus phase, each node sends to its neighbors the hash of the block (in case the leader sends out different blocks to different neighbors) and if it is accepted or not. When consensus is reached, all nodes should have the same accepted block or none if rejected. Proposed block is added to the blockchain if accepted.
Relay Path Validation (RPV)
Although signatures in a signature chain guarantee that it is signed by the claimed relayers, they do not guarantee the correctness of the relay path, where a path is defined as correct if it is the designated path of our distributed data transmission network (DDTN). Being able to validate the correctness of a path is crucial for the security of signature chains, otherwise attackers could break the assumption that each hop leads to a random node by selecting specific node as next hop, and a malicious party could construct signature chains fully under control by relaying packets only to nodes under control. Signature chain fully controlled by a party is no longer unpredictable by the party, and can be computed by the party without actually transmitting any data. The malicious party can then gain unfair economic advantage by producing more signature chains than it should, increasing its chance to get mining rewards.
The validity of any relay path should be consensus among all nodes as it is a prerequisite to select globally unique mining node for each block. There are two ways to achieve the consensus: 1. nodes use global information (e.g. previous blocks) that has already be agreed on; 2. nodes use their own local information, and reach consensus later. We choose the first approach as it does not require extra communication between nodes and is much


Sober Living Home
A sober living home provides a structured support system to those recovering from addiction. These facilities provide structure while teaching sober living requirements and designing a treatment plan that is personal and effective in each stage of the recovery process.
How Is a Sober Living Home Different from a Halfway House?
One common misconception is that sober living homes and transitional residences are no different from halfway houses. While both options provide transitional services for patients in recovery, a sober living home differs significantly in its personalized nature and cost structure.
Halfway houses are often run by government programs or social services, similar to a dormitory with many residents who are either on probation or homeless. Sober living homes, by contrast, exist specifically to provide personalized recovery support and house fewer clients under the same roof. Cost is also a difference. Halfway houses may be less expensive than sober living homes, but sober living insurance programs can help mitigate the cost of this specialized treatment.
What Are the Different Stages of Recovery?
Recovery looks different for each individual, however the process does typically follow a set of predictable stages:
 1. Awareness and Acceptance: The client becomes aware of the problem and accepts that their behavior is affecting their loved ones.
 2. Consideration: The client becomes ready to take the first step toward active, meaningful change.
 3. Exploring Recovery: The client integrates new daily habits including moderation and abstinence.
 4. Early Recovery: The client successfully changes bad habits but mourns the loss of former friends and copes with a new, difficult lifestyle.
 5. Active Recovery and Maintenance: The client shows visible, sustained sobriety, has fully left behind former friends, and understands that sobriety is a lifelong commitment.
What Are the Rules of a Sober Living Home?
Following specific sober living requirements is crucial to success in a sober living home. Many expect their residents to complete rehab or detox. Residents may also be required to stay on the premises for the first 30 days of their stay. Random drug tests two to three times per week are a norm. Strict daily routines are also enforced to ensure accountability and success.
How Much Will I Expect to Pay in Sober Living Costs?
Costs vary widely and are determined by the type of services provided and local cost of living. Inexpensive programs may charge only a few hundred dollars per month in rent, while more expensive programs may cost into the thousands by the time the program is done. Insurance usually does not cover rent, utilities and household bills, but mental health and rehabilitation services are typically covered. Medicaid and the Affordable Care Act mandate that insurance covers certain aspects of recovery treatment. Check with your insurance provider about pre-authorizations, reimbursement and coverage options or limits.
How Can I Get the Help I Need?
Many effective treatments are available for those ready to change. When you enroll in a sober living home, expect to be supported with daily therapy sessions, outpatient care, mind-body healing, family workshops, peer mentoring, recreational and social bonding, life skills coaching and job training. Learn how we can help you rediscover your best self and enjoy a fun, meaningful life.


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News:The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) has launched its Accelerator Lab in India.
About UNDP's Accelerator lab:
- The Accelerator Lab is an innovative initiative by the UNDP, Qatar Government and the Federal Republic of Germany to find 21st century solutions to today's complex new challenges.
- These labs seeks to identify grassroots solutions together with local actors and validate their potential to accelerate development.
Key approaches of Accelerator Lab:The four key approaches sit at the core of the Labs' work are:
- Building on locally-sourced solutions, finding things that work and expanding on them
- Rapid testing and iteration to implement what works and go beyond the obvious solutions
- Combining the best understanding, ideas and expertise to generate collective knowledge
- Accelerating progress by bringing expertise, creativity and collective intelligence to bear.
About Accelerator Lab in India:
- The lab has been launched by UNDP in collaboration with Atal Innovation Mission and will look to solve issues through innovative solutions.
- It will seek to address some of the most pressing issues facing India, such as air pollution, sustainable water management and client-resilient livelihoods through innovation.
- The vision is also to make faster progress in meeting the ambitious Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations(UN) by 2030.
- India's Accelerator Lab will be part of a network of 60 global labs covering 78 nations that will test and scale new solutions to global challenges like climate change and inequality.
- The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) is the UN's global development network.
- UNDP was established in 1965 by the General Assembly of the United Nations.It is headquartered in New York,US.
- It provides expert advice, training and grants support to developing countries, with increasing emphasis on assistance to the least developed countries.
- UNDP is central to the United Nations Sustainable Development Group (UNSDG).
- UN SDG is a network that spans 165 countries and unites the 40 UN funds, programmes, specialized agencies and other bodies working to advance the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
About Atal innovation mission:
- The Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) was set up by NITI Aayog in 2016.
- It aims to promote a culture of innovation and entrepreneurship.
- It seeks to create institutions and programs that enhance innovation in schools, colleges, and entrepreneurs in general.


10 Ways to Feel Energized When You're Fasting
10 Ways to Stay Motivated When Fasting
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Restock Your Kitchen with Items You Can Eat Around Your Fast
Restocking your kitchen with all the best foods is where the real commitment begins. Your ultimate goal when restocking your kitchen is to make sure you're getting nutrients in the highest amounts. Your body can handle eating small amounts of food beautifully when it's still getting what it needs in terms of nutrients. The tipping point of getting those nutrients is all about food quality.
The higher the quality of food choices means the more nutrition that food will have. When selecting fasting foods, make sure that all the foods you choose are from real food sources (food that isn't made in a lab or processed in any way) with a focus on the best quality you can afford. That's it. You don't need any special pills or juices to get the best nutrition.
Focus your eating on quality meats, fish, seafood, and eggs; healthy fats and oils; vegetables and fruits; and nuts and seeds. They give your body the raw material it craves to be to be strong, lean, and healthy. All the processed, denatured foods, premade frozen foods, packaged foods, and sugary carbohydrates need to be kicked to the can! They only feed cravings and cause weight gain and disease.
You've likely spent a long time developing your eating habits, so breaking them and instituting new ones may take some time. The longer you've depended on sugary foods, the more difficult retraining your taste buds to recognize natural sweetness may be. Using healthful foods to fuel your body will go a long way in keeping you super lean and strong — for the long run.
Not having the money to purchase your desired food choices can sometimes be frustrating. Just know: You're still making monumental strides in getting lean and living long and strong when you take up fasting principles and eat non-inflammatory foods. Just do the best you can and don't stress out (which is even worse for you than eating a lower quality food!).
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