Split text from emails and send newsletter replies
Extract any text string, create email databases and reply with newsletters
Automatically extract any text string from multiple emails, convert emails to spreadsheet format and send a custom reply.
Download your free text splitter trial here
Text splitter is the easiest way to analyse customer feedback emails
This text splitting software is designed to let you quickly and easily extract information from large numbers of consistently structured emails into a single usable database or spreadsheet.
If you use online forms to collect information or get emails sent to you automatically by programs or websites then you'll know how difficult it can be to get this information into a usable format. This software should save you lots of time processing and responding to this information.
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Send html newsletters to your clients
Send html newsletters to your clients
HTML newsletters are simple to create using this simple website builder. Text splitter software will then allow you to import the newsletter and send to people in your converted database of email names.
Summary of program features
Summary of program features
Our text stripper can convert the long body text strings from emails into a table containing just the information you require, organised into regular columns.
The text splitter automatically extracts text strings from any number of similarly configured emails and converts them to a usable spreadsheet format. You can add an unlimited numbers of delimiters to identify the start and finishing points of each text string you want to extract. The delimiters can contain any characters and be of any length and there is a simple capture function to copy them straight from the source data file. Importantly the program only looks for the next occurrence of that delimiter so that a simple space can be used to identify the end of an email address even though there may be hundreds of spaces with the email body text.
The program also contains a simple smtp emailer which can send out html or text replies to the email addresses in the processed data. Simple processing can be carried out on the data to remove any duplicate entries or identify and delete prospects that should not be included in the email list.
The Lite version is free for an unlimited period but is restricted to 25 emails at one time. The full version has no maximum limits.
How to prepare your email data
The original emails that contain your customer feedback information must be moved into a separate folder within MS Outlook (or other email program). This can be done automatically by using the rules wizard or just by drag and drop.
You must then export these emails from this MS Outlook folder using File/import export/ export to file, we recommend exporting into Windows 'comma separated values' format although you may need to experiment with other formats to find what works best with your data. Of Course, the data can come from anywhere and does not need to be collected from emails.
You are now ready to load this data file into the text splitter although you could also analyse or rearrange it first using any spreadsheet program.
How to identify the text strings to be extracted into a table
You can load your data file and set the delimiters that will identify the start and finish of each text string. Either type the delimiter text into the relevant edit box or highlight the text in the data file and click the appropriate capture button.
The initial text represents a single block of text that may occur only once, at the start of the data file e.g. column heading text.
Identify the string that directly precedes the string you want to extract then identify the string that directly follows the string you want to extract, unless this is within the start string. The string that identifies the next element is shown in grey just for information.
You can add as many element delimiters as you require and therefore extract as much information as you require.
How to process the table of extracted information
You can select a cell and then delete all rows that have the same information in that column e.g. opt-out = yes.
You can also delete duplicate rows as long as the duplicates are in adjoining rows.
How to write and send email newsletters to everyone in the table you have created
In the write and send screen you can load a data table and enter the start and finish row number. Select the column that contains the email address and add the 'from' and'subject' details.
You can load or type in your email body text and add the!--columnX-- tags to automatically embed the text from column X at that point.
Use our newsletter design software to quickly and easily add your content into an html newsletter. Then simply add your host's SMTP details and connect and send to everyone. We recommend that you try a small test sample to yourself first and NEVER SPAM people or send without prior permission.
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Table of Contents :
Top Suggestions Bio Worksheet :
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257 Free Celebrities Biographies Worksheets
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8 Biography Worksheet Examples Examples
Biography Is One Of The Literary Genres That Is Under Non Fiction That Is Written About A Person You May Also See Interview Worksheet Examples In The Main Purpose Of A Biography Is That It Aims To Tell The Story Of A Person That The Author Finds Interesting And Helpful For Other People To Read
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28 Biography Templates Doc Excel Free Premium
So You Are About To Make That Really Big Presentation In Front Of Loads Of People Who Barely Know You It Is At Times Like This That You D Need That Short And Simple Biography That Will Help The Audiences Know Just Who You Are So That They Can Connect With Your Presentation Really Well
How To Write A Short Professional Bio With Templates And
Speaker One Sheet Meet Our Team Or About Us Page Of Your Employer S Website The Options Listed Above Are Where You Can Use A Short Professional Bio As It S Written But You Can Also Re Purpose Or Customize Your Bio For In Person Events Such As As An Elevator Speech On Networking Events When Someone Introduces You As A Speaker For An Event The Challenge Short Professional Bi
Bio Worksheet. The worksheet is an assortment of 4 intriguing pursuits that will enhance your kid's knowledge and abilities. The worksheets are offered in developmentally appropriate versions for kids of different ages. Adding and subtracting integers worksheets in many ranges including a number of choices for parentheses use.
You can begin with the uppercase cursives and after that move forward with the lowercase cursives. Handwriting for kids will also be rather simple to develop in such a fashion. If you're an adult and wish to increase your handwriting, it can be accomplished. As a result, in the event that you really wish to enhance handwriting of your kid, hurry to explore the advantages of an intelligent learning tool now!
Consider how you wish to compose your private faith statement. Sometimes letters have to be adjusted to fit in a particular space. When a letter does not have any verticals like a capital A or V, the very first diagonal stroke is regarded as the stem. The connected and slanted letters will be quite simple to form once the many shapes re learnt well. Even something as easy as guessing the beginning letter of long words can assist your child improve his phonics abilities. Bio Worksheet.
There isn't anything like a superb story, and nothing like being the person who started a renowned urban legend. Deciding upon the ideal approach route Cursive writing is basically joined-up handwriting. Practice reading by yourself as often as possible.
Research urban legends to obtain a concept of what's out there prior to making a new one. You are still not sure the radicals have the proper idea. Naturally, you won't use the majority of your ideas. If you've got an idea for a tool please inform us. That means you can begin right where you are no matter how little you might feel you've got to give. You are also quite suspicious of any revolutionary shift. In earlier times you've stated that the move of independence may be too early.
Each lesson in handwriting should start on a fresh new page, so the little one becomes enough room to practice. Every handwriting lesson should begin with the alphabets. Handwriting learning is just one of the most important learning needs of a kid. Learning how to read isn't just challenging, but fun too.
The use of grids The use of grids is vital in earning your child learn to Improve handwriting. Also, bear in mind that maybe your very first try at brainstorming may not bring anything relevant, but don't stop trying. Once you are able to work, you might be surprised how much you get done. Take into consideration how you feel about yourself. Getting able to modify the tracking helps fit more letters in a little space or spread out letters if they're too tight. Perhaps you must enlist the aid of another man to encourage or help you keep focused.
Bio Worksheet. Try to remember, you always have to care for your child with amazing care, compassion and affection to be able to help him learn. You may also ask your kid's teacher for extra worksheets. Your son or daughter is not going to just learn a different sort of font but in addition learn how to write elegantly because cursive writing is quite beautiful to check out. As a result, if a kid is already suffering from ADHD his handwriting will definitely be affected. Accordingly, to be able to accomplish this, if children are taught to form different shapes in a suitable fashion, it is going to enable them to compose the letters in a really smooth and easy method. Although it can be cute every time a youngster says he runned on the playground, students want to understand how to use past tense so as to speak and write correctly. Let say, you would like to boost your son's or daughter's handwriting, it is but obvious that you want to give your son or daughter plenty of practice, as they say, practice makes perfect.
Without phonics skills, it's almost impossible, especially for kids, to learn how to read new words. Techniques to Handle Attention Issues It is extremely essential that should you discover your kid is inattentive to his learning especially when it has to do with reading and writing issues you must begin working on various ways and to improve it. Use a student's name in every sentence so there's a single sentence for each kid. Because he or she learns at his own rate, there is some variability in the age when a child is ready to learn to read. Teaching your kid to form the alphabets is quite a complicated practice.
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source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


D. Yergin 1991 Free Press New York
The Prize, winner of the 1992 Pulitzer Prize for nonfiction, is a comprehensive history of one of the commodities that powers the world--oil. Founded in the 19th century, the oil industry began producing kerosene for lamps and progressed to gasoline. Huge personal fortunes arose from it, and whole nations sprung out of the power politics of the oil wells. Yergin's fascinating account sweeps from early robber barons like John D. Rockefeller, to the oil crisis of the 1970s, through to the Gulf War.
This resource is referenced here:


People + email
Sync my email
By default, your email syncs automatically with your phone. You can change how often you want each account to sync, and you can start the process manually. This might be useful if your email account syncs mail only occasionally and you want to check it immediately, or if you're in Battery Saver mode, when email is only synced manually. To learn more about Battery Saver, see Battery: making it last.
You can also sync folders within an inbox.
To sync an email account
When you sync your email account, you'll update all of the information from that account, including folders, calendars, and to-dos.
 1. On Start, tap the email account that you want to access (for example, Outlook, Google, or a linked inbox).
 2. Tap Sync Delete icon. If you're in a linked inbox, you'll sync all of the linked accounts.
 When your email is done syncing, you'll see a message at the top of your screen that it's up to date.
To sync a folder
Once you've synced a folder to your phone, that folder will be synced on the same schedule as the rest of your inbox for that account.
 1. Open the account that has the folder you want to sync.
 2. Tap MoreMore icon > Folders.
 3. Tap Show all folders, then tap the folder you want.
 4. Tap Sync this folder.
To stop syncing a folder
 1. Open the account that has the folder you want.
 2. Tap MoreMore icon > Folders.
 3. Tap the folder you want to stop syncing.
 4. Tap MoreMore icon > Don't sync this folder.
 - You can't sync the drafts folder for an email account, even though Sync Delete icon appears available.
 - If you try to sync a folder and nothing happens, your email account might be set up to sync recent emails only. On Start, flick left to the App list, then tap Settings > Email + accounts. Tap your account, tap the Download email from list, and then tap a longer amount of time.
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text:
This seems to me to be nonsense, not a contradiction. Presumably, the way this is laid out, the first three statements are the hypothesis, and the fourth is the conclusion. Because Phil being gone and John being dead have nothing to do with Tim having bread, it seems to me that this can be reduced to
Tim has bread ==> Tim doesn't have bread
This is not a contradiction. If Tim has bread, then it is not true that he doesn't have bread, so the first statement does not imply the second. If Tim indeed doesn't have bread, then the first statement isn't true, so any statement at all could be appear as the conclusion, and the implication would be true, but meaningless.
BTW, in English, we don't say someone has "a bread": we say someone has bread or has a loaf of bread.


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A battered 18th century Native American boat believed to be the world's oldest canoe has been lifted to the Maritime Museum in Falmouth in a daring restoration bid which could see it repatriated to Canada.
Curatorial experts at the National Maritime Museum in Cornwall gave the vessel daylight for the first time in decades by removing it from a shed on the Enys Estate in Penryn and transporting it to the nearby museum.
The estate belongs to the family of Lieutenant John Enys, a soldier who was part of a battle to save Canada from an American siege in the 1776 American War of Independence and discovered the canoe while travelling during breaks from his regiment.
"Moving the canoe is the beginning of a whole new journey back to Canada for this incredible find," said Andy Wyke, the Boat Collections Manager at the museum.
"For more than 200 years, the canoe has belonged to the Enys family. It's incredible to think its legacy has been resting in a barn in Cornwall all this time."
Wendy Fowler, a relative of Enys, reported the canoe to the Maritime Museum after consulting her personal records from the 13th century.
"The Estate is very special to us and holds many secrets, but I believe this is the most interesting to date," she suggested.
"The grounds hold a host of wonders, but this really is very special. The Maritime Museum are brilliantly ensuring and repatriating another element of our great family history and I'm most grateful that John's travels have led to such a major chapter of boating history being discovered in Cornwall."
Captain George Hogg, an Archivist at the Museum, admits staff had "no idea" how important the find was when Fowler called them.
© John Buxton
"We knew we had something special, but having worked with the British Museum on the artefacts and the Canadian Canoe Museum in Peterborough, Ontario, we now believe that this is one of the world's oldest Birch Bark Canoes," he revealed.
"This is a unique survival from the 18th century."
A team of investigators will conserve the wood, research the history and recreate the original look of the canoe before it heads to the Canadian Canoe Museum in September 2011, where curators say they are "especially excited" to see it.
Organisers in Falmouth are hoping to put the canoe on display in the Main Hall of the museum by the end of January.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Projects with Dad: Creating Cardboard Castles
As father's day fast approaches I have found myself reminiscing about all the fun things I did with my dad as a child. My absolute favorite were the projects; whether it was building a pillow fort or making wooden swords, I loved spending time with my Dad while we worked on some project or another. As the modern world seems to get busier and busier it can be hard for parents to find time to spend with their child. It is even harder to spend quality time when you are competing with video games and tv programs for your child's attention.
cardboard castle daddy place htm 225x300 Projects with Dad: Creating Cardboard CastlesIn case anyone doubted, recent studies have proven the importance of imagination in a child's development. It is not just playing, imagination actually helps them learn how to understand their world and empathise with others. So, why not suggest a project that you and your child can do together? Why not choose something that will help kick start their imagination and allow you to spend time with them as they develop? Why not suggest building a cardboard castle large enough to play in or a Cardboard Color House Projects with Dad: Creating Cardboard Castles? A cardboard castle can be easy, fast and cheap to build. Your child can let their imagination run wild in a cardboard castle whether they decide to take care of their horses there, become a princess, a knight, a cook, or all of them by turn. Castles are an ideal setting for imaginative play because they allow so many possibilities while instantly transporting the inhabitants to another time and place. Here are a few ideas for starting your cardboard castle project.
Gathering Supplies
With the right attitude, hunting down loads of cardboard can be an adventure, a treasure hunt, or a mission. You can use any and all of your old cardboard boxes but you will probably need more. You can probably ask your neighbours for cardboard and if you check some businesses and universities may be willing to give you their cardboard rather than recycle it. You will need a fast-setting glue that is safe to handle. Tape will likely be useful as well. If you are planning on painting your castle walls a nice grey stone colour you will need paint, but you can then use any type of tape you wish. If you plan to leave your walls unpainted you may want to use clear packing tape in places it will be visible. Knives are the easiest tools for cutting cardboard but if you want to let your children help you may want to give them scissors. All other accessories can be made out of cardboard or an imaginative appropriation of objects for different uses.
Designing is Key
The amount of work you are willing to put into the project and your imagination are really the only limits to your design. Let your child help you design the castle. See where their imagination takes them and how much of it is really feasible. Problem solve with them. Can you tape things to the walls in your room, or proposed building site? Is rearranging the furniture an option? Teach them how to work within limitations. You may be amazed at how much fun even the design process can be.
If you have a room with closets and low-hanging air-ducts that create a narrow entryway to the room you could build a castle façade there before the room widens out beyond it. This way the door to the room can open onto the moat. You can enter the rest of the room through a door in your castle and the whole room can now be your castle interior. If your building site does not have such an entryway, you can create one artificially with some furniture that you build your façade between, or you can build a free standing castle. Your castle can have three walls and be pushed against a walls or piece of furniture or it can have four and be completely self-contained. It is your castle it is up to you.
Castle Walls
cardboard castle walls daddy place htm 300x225 Projects with Dad: Creating Cardboard Castles Layering at least two layers of cardboard together will produce the sturdiest castle walls. When you are constructing your walls pay attention to where the old bends in the cardboard are. For instance, if you glue two pieces of cardboard together that bend in the same exact place your walls will have a tendency to flop over. Making sure you reinforce your walls properly could involve cutting. Allow your child to help you layout and cut the pieces as well as glue. If you are making walls that involve you to piece to together large sections of cardboard, try to overlap them to make them sturdy.
If you are building a castle façade for an entryway you have several options. You can tape it to the walls, or furniture, or barring that, you can build it small side walls to make it stand on its own. In order to attach side walls there are probably a number of ways that would work. One method you could use is to cut strips of cardboard and put one bend in them. Then you can use them like L-brackets and glue your walls together that way. Another idea is to cut notches into one wall and attach tabs to another and piece your walls together like an over-sized dovetail. This would allow you to take the castle down and put it back up.
Lastly, your walls will need some crenellation. This will give them a nice castle effect and it wouldn't really be a castle without a few hints at its defensive purpose. You can cut crenellation into long pieces of cardboard or use individual blocks. Simply attach them to the top of your walls for effect.
Decorating Your Castle
Now that you have a castle it needs decorating. Let your child decide how to decorate their new castle. Should it have pointed gothic windows or cross-shaped arrow slits? You can use small pieces of left over cardboard to provide trim for your windows and doors. Should the castle be painted or left as brown cardboard. If you are artistically inclined you can paint details such as fireplaces or tapestries on the castle walls. You can also let your child decorate the castle walls with their own drawings.
If you have lots of extra cardboard after creating an entryway façade castle, you could even panel the entire room with it. Then the whole room can be the castle and can be decorated and drawn on. Of course, you may want to remind your child that the walls in the rest of the house are still not to be drawn on.
cardboard castle 2 daddy place htm 225x300 Projects with Dad: Creating Cardboard CastlesSit down with your child and design your own individual devices to go on cardboard crests. Pick symbols and things that are meaningful to you and then hang them proudly on the castle walls. If your castle walls are large enough you can create cardboard brackets and hang foam, or even cardboard swords from them. Use up extra cardboard by creating shields for you and your child to defend the castle with against foes and dragons. You could even stage mock battles with your child, or create defense strategies.
Luxurious Castle Accessories
Speaking of defense, no castle is complete without a moat, and moats must be crossed by drawbridges. You can always imagine one or use a long rug for one, but if you are so inclined, you can create a working drawbridge out of cardboard. To do this you would attach strings, or cords or what-have-you, to the top edge of the drawbridge. These will be the strings that raise and lower the drawbridge and will need to be run through holes at the top edge of your castle walls. You should have at least a narrow flap at the edge of your drawbridge that you can stand on, or tape to the floor if that is an option. This will prevent the drawbridge from sliding when you pull on the strings to raise and lower it.
In case you are very worried about your castle's defense you can go even further and add wooden blinds to your doorway to act as a portcullis. Simply put two holes on either side of the castle doorway and run strings through them to tie the blinds to your castle wall. You will need to make sure the walls are sturdy enough to support the weight first. Make sure that you also supervise play and ensure you child is old enough to use blinds properly without danger.
Torches can be made out of empty toilet paper rolls. For flames a bit of computer paper coloured with reds and oranges can be crumpled up for texture and then glued to the top of the toilet roll. For torch holders you can colour some cardboard strips black to look like iron and glue them together to form a metal basket for your castle wall.
Any castle worth its salt must have a moat. You can simply add a bit of wavy blue paper to the bottom of your castle walls to suggest its presence, or you can go all out. A blue sheet or large towel spread underneath the drawbridge, or lots of blue paper, will create a marvelous effect. You can even add moat monsters. Discuss with your child what sorts of monsters are needed to make the castle completely secure. Draw some of them on computer paper or extra cardboard and place them in your moat, or maybe at the bottom of the castle's wall. Good thing you built a drawbridge, Dad!
The decoration of your castle can be as simple or as elaborate as you wish. You can always do the decorating in stages of projects. The beautiful thing about building a cardboard castle is that it is cheap. If it gets destroyed in a siege you can repair it with some more pieces of cardboard or you can simply recycle it. So, grab your child and some cardboard and start having fun creating things together!
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The Printable KISS Workbooks Shakespeare's Plays
Romeo and Juliet
Act Two
Scene One, 43-51: "He jests at scars"
(Includes no verbals, a third-level embedded clause, an appositive, direct address, and "but" used as a coordinating conjunction, as an adverb, and as a preposition.)
AK LittleWords
Scene One, 80-91: "Tis but thy name" (includes "What's in a name." This selection, which includes no verbals other than "belonging," makes a nice assessment quiz of students' ability to identify S/V/C patterns and basic clauses.
Assessment Quiz Assessment Analysis
AK Assessment


text: At the Western Institute of Technical and Further Education (WITAFE) in New South Wales (NSW), vocational education and training (VET) courses are being delivered to students in isolated homesteads and remote Aboriginal communities by Interactive Distance eLearning (IDL). IDL provides satellite-supported two-way broadband voice, oneway video and Internet access for school-age and adult distance education. Adults commonly access VET courses offered by WITAFE using the equipment provided to their children who are students of a 'School of the Air' or through community facilities in remote Aboriginal communities. By providing lessons via satellite to isolated students TAFENSW is helping to counter long-standing inequities in distance and rural education by decreasing the digital divide and assisting with rural renewal. Through a case study, this paper examines the influence of the provision of IDL and Internet access for adult students in isolated homesteads in NSW and also the benefits and challenges of teaching and learning with IDL.


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Aspartame is safe, reaffirm WHO and FAO
The World Health Organization (WHO) and the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) have re-affirmed that aspartame is safe. UNESDA Soft Drinks Europe applauds the conclusions of the new, comprehensive safety review of aspartame by …
The World Health Organization (WHO) and the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) have re-affirmed that aspartame is safe. UNESDA Soft Drinks Europe applauds the conclusions of the new, comprehensive safety review of aspartame by the WHO/ FAO Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), the world's leading food safety body for additives.
Commenting on the release of the WHO/FAO JECFA review of aspartame, Nicholas Hodac, director general of UNESDA, stated:
"Once again, aspartame is assessed as safe by the world's leading authority on food safety, based on a rigorous review of high-quality evidence. The WHO/FAO JECFA definitive conclusion is of great importance. It strengthens public confidence in the safety of aspartame and will help consumers make well-informed food and beverage choices.''
Mr. Hodac added: ''This WHO/FAO conclusion is also key in further supporting our sector's sugar reduction efforts. For decades, we have been reducing the average sugar content in our soft drinks, largely through the use of lowand no-calorie sweeteners, such as aspartame. To make further progress in encouraging consumers towards more balanced diets, the continued support of public health authorities on the use of aspartame and other sweeteners is essential.''
Commenting on the opinion issued by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Mr. Hodac said: "IARC is not a food safety body. It has classified aspartame, pickled vegetables and working at night as possibly carcinogenic. The fundamental aspect to consider is the potential risk on human health, which is what WHO/FAO JECFA has assessed with the conclusion that aspartame is safe."
The WHO/FAO JECFA review of aspartame reiterates similar findings determining the safety of aspartame by over 90 food safety agencies around the world, including the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).


text:
In Fig. P10.29 is shown a cantilever beam, subjected to axial and lateral loads and made from a material that has an elastic, perfectly plastic constitutive law with Y = 60,000 psi. See attachment for diagram.
a. What is the largest value of qo for elastic action throughout?
b. What is the largest value of qo, allowing for plastic behaviour?
c. What is the minimum value of qo so that the bottom fibers just begin to yield? What are the depths of plastic penetration d1 and d2 for a load qo that is 1.1 times the value just calculated.
This solution contains step-by-step calculations and explanations to determine the value of 'qo' for elastic action, plastic behaviour, and when the bottom fibers begin to yield.


text:
Definitions for playhouseˈpleɪˌhaʊs; -ˌhaʊ zɪz
Random House Webster's College Dictionary
play•houseˈpleɪˌhaʊs; -ˌhaʊ zɪz(n.)(pl.)-hous•es
Ref: theater (def. 1). 1
a small house for children to play in.
Origin of playhouse:
1590–1600; cf. OE pleghūs, as gloss of L theātrumtheater
playhouse, wendy house(noun)
plaything consisting of a small model of a house that children can play inside of
A theater; a venue for performing plays.
A toy house for children to play in; a cubby house or Wendy house.
Origin: play + house
a building used for dramatic exhibitions; a theater
a house for children to play in; a toyhouse


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Psychological Stress and Burnout among Medical Students at the University of the West Indies
Objectives: This study aims to determine the prevalence of burnout in medical students across all five years, and to investigate factors that might contribute to and protect from its effects.
Method: The design uses a cross-sectional, self-administered survey of medical students at The University of the West Indies–Cave Hill, and consisted of a modified Maslach Burnout Inventory–Human Services Survey with additional items developed by the authors.
Results: One hundred and nineteenstudents representing all years participated in the survey: 28.8% male and 78.2% female. Students with high scores of emotional exhaustion (EA), depersonalization (DP) and personal accomplishment (PA) were reviewed. There were significant differences in emotional exhaustion (t = -2.916, df = 104, p = 0.004) and personal accomplishment (t = -2.567, df = 91, p = 0.012) between the basic science and clinical years. Pearson's r correlations showed a moderate positive relationship between age and personal accomplishment (r = 0.38, n = 92, p < 0.001). Older persons tended to have greater personal accomplishment scores. Persons with financial constraints in the past 12 months had significantly higher emotional exhaustion scores (t = 2.23, df = 103, p = 0.28) and depersonalization scores (t = 2.295, df = 95, p = 0.24) than those who did not. No differences were found in relationship to ethnicity, educational histories, parental educational histories, marital status, or effect of serious illness in self or family.
Conclusions: The study supports the notion that medical students in general have a high degree of emotional exhaustion that increases as they progress academically.
06 Jan, 2015
e-Published: 28 Sep, 2015
Top of Page


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Effects of Climate on Lakes – from Amazonas to the forest lakes of Sweden
13 May 2014
The sediment on the bottom of lakes accumulates tremendous amounts of organic material. Some of it is stored a very long time. Other parts are broken down into carbon dioxide and methane, which leave the water and rise into the atmosphere. In a study recently published in the journal Nature Climate Change a group of Swedish and Brazilian scientists show how these processes are impacted by the temperature in tropical and temperate regions.
Just as milk turns sour more quickly in room temperature than in the refrigerator, the degradation of organic material in sediment is temperature dependent – the break down is faster in warmer climates. In collaboration with colleagues in Brazil, a team of researchers at Uppsala University and Linköping University in Sweden have compared the effects of temperature on the degradation activity of bacteria in the sediment of lakes in tropical and Nordic forest areas.
"We took samples at the same time in the Amazonas region and in lakes of the forest landscape of Sweden and ran experiments simultaneously and in the same laboratory in Uppsala – 2,500 gas-tight containers at once. By exposing the sediments to different temperatures and measuring the production of carbon dioxide and methane, we were able to compare the temperature sensitivity of the various processes in the different environments", says Lars Tranvik, professor of limnology at Uppsala University.
Regardless of differences in the composition of the sediments, their temperature sensitivity was the same in tropical and Nordic sediments. But the associations are not linear, and the starting point in the warmer water in Amazonas produces a stronger response when the temperature is increased further.
"We combined the temperature sensitivity we measured with scenarios for increases in temperature in the coming century in the different climate zones. The absolute increase in temperature is expected to be lower in the tropics than in the north, but the result is nevertheless that the production of greenhouse gases will increase more in the tropics", says Cristian Gudasz, formerly a doctoral candidate at Uppsala University, and now a post-doctoral fellow at Princeton University in the US.
"This is partly owing to the fact that methane production rises considerably with a change in the temperature under tropical conditions. Methane is a substantially more potent greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide. Small differences in temperature in the tropics can thus have a greater effect than greater changes in temperature in the Nordic region", claims David Bastviken, a senior lecturer at Linköping University.
This research is part of a collaborative between Swedish and Brazilian universities, funded by STINT, the Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher Education.
Reference: H. Marotta, L. Pinho, C. Gudasz, D. Bastviken, L. J. Tranvik and A. Enrich-Prast. Greenhouse gas production in low-latitude lake sediments responds strongly to warming. Nature Climate Change. Advance Online Publication (AOP).


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In the era of rapidly growing educational requirements and an explosion of content from multiple sources, ensuring students are getting the content they need at the right time is a challenge that academic libraries continue to address.
Join us for an engaging in-person event, hosted at the University of Salford, where we will take an in depth look at the critical role of academic libraries in supporting student success and explore the challenges they face. We will hear from the University of Salford on how their library is leading the way in ensuring students have seamless access to vital study materials.
|Arrival, coffee & networking
|Welcome and introduction to Technology from Sage
|Librarian Futures Part II Report deep-dive:
An in-depth look at our latest white paper and its key findings on current trends for Academic Libraries
|Lean Library in action at the University of Salford:
Student experience and usage, led by the staff from the university library
|Technology from Sage Product Showcase:
A close look at Lean Library and Sciwheel
|Optional tour of University of Salford Library
As spaces are limited, we encourage you to sign up as soon as possible, as we will be registering attendees on a first come, first served basis!


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Behavior Analysis Graduate Certificate
The Core of the Program: Applied Behavior Analysis Competencies
The University of Cincinnati online Behavior Analysis Graduate Certificate teaches students methods to develop effective interventions to address a wide array of learning and problem behaviors across typically developing populations and disability categories in both clinical and educational settings. Grounded in the ethical and best practices recommended by the Behavior Analyst Certification Board, the program examines the specific and comprehensive use of learning principles, such as operant and respondent learning. It also places emphasis on prevention and early intervention.
- 6 courses, each 15 weeks in duration
- Courses approved by the Behavior Analyst Certification Board as meeting the coursework requirements for eligibility to take the Board Certified Behavior Analyst Examination (additional supervised experiences are required in order to be eligible to sit for the BCBA exam)
- Immediate application of coursework to your current position
- Ability to maintain your current position and income while you earn your degree
- Option to complete the program in 1 or 2 years, depending on the number of classes taken per term
- 100% online; no on-campus residency
- Convenience of 24/7 access to coursework anywhere there is Internet connectivity
Transfer credits are not accepted for this program.
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2.1 years ago by
CRUK, Cambridge, UK
DiffBind sets the minimum read count for consensus peaks to 1. Basically, this avoids divide-by-zero checking etc. One-read differences shouldn't make a difference in meaningful results (although it does skew the read distribution).
bFullLibrarySize option determines the total read count used for normalization. If
bFullLibrarySize=FALSE, the number of reads that overlap consensus peaks is used for each sample (basically, the sum of all the counts). This is the best option for cases where most of the peaks are not expected to change their binding affinity significantly. For the more conservative default,
bFullLibrarySize=TRUE, the total number of aligned reads in the.bam file is used (basically the sequencing depth). This is more appropriate in cases where you expect dramatic shifts in binding affinities, or if you are not sure what to expect.
Is this what you were asking?


Simple Palate: The Junk Food Excuse
By Cielestia Calbay
A bag of Cheetos a day keeps the stress away.
Or so suggests a new study that found elevated levels of salt in the body lower stress hormones and raise levels of oxytocin, a hormone associated with love and other social relationships.
The research, which was published in the Journal of Neuroscience, was conducted on a group of rats and studied their response to a stressful situation.
The rats were tied down and their stress levels were measured depending on how much salt they had in their systems.
Researchers found that when restrained, rats with high salt level, also called hypernatremic, showed less activity in their brain's stress systems compared to the rats with normal salt levels.
Additionally, the hypernatremic rats had elevated levels of oxytocin – an element associated with social feelings such as love and is also known for its role in forming bonds between individuals.
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A three-letter acronym, three-letter abbreviation, or TLA is an abbreviation, specifically an acronym, alphabetism, or initialism, consisting of three letters. These are usually the initial letters of the words of the phrase abbreviated, and are written in capital letters (upper case); three-letter abbreviations such as etc. and Mrs. are not three-letter acronyms.
Most three-letter abbreviations are initialisms: all the letters are pronounced as the names of letters, as in APA // AY-pee-AY. Some are acronyms pronounced as a word; computed axial tomography, CAT, is almost always pronounced as the animal's name in "CAT scan".
- Countries: UAE and USA
- Politicians: FDR, JFK, and LBJ
- Computer phrases: CPU, DOS, RAM, ROM, and GNU, a recursive TLA that stands for "GNU's not Unix"
- File extensions: EXE, JPG, and MP3
- Corporations: IBM, AMD and NEC
- Business: CEO, CFO and other C-level officers
- Three Letter Agencies: CIA, FBI, FSB, and NSA
- Television networks: ABC (Aus., U.S.), BBC (UK), CBC (Canada, Japan), and NHK (Japan)
- Personal advertisements: SBM for Single Black Male, STR for Short Term Relationship
- Chemistry, biology, pharmaceuticals: GMO, LSD and MSG
- Clinical medicine: CAD and CHF
- Communications shorthand: LOL and OMG
- Military and weaponry: BFR and RPG
- Wars and political conflicts: HYW and WWI
- ISO currency codes: EUR, GBP, JPY and USD
- IATA airport codes: LAX and LHR
- Academic testing: ACT, HSC (Bangladesh, India and Pakistan, NSW, Vic, UK) and SAT
- Canine registries: ACA and CKC
- Sports leagues: NFL, MLB, (North America); AFL and NRL (Australia); NPB (Japan); ACB, LFP (Spain); IPL (India)
- Ship prefixes: HMS, USS and RMS
- State postal abbreviations: NSW, QLD, VIC and TAS (Australia)
History and origins
The exact phrase three-letter acronym appeared in the literature in 1975. Three-letter acronyms were used as mnemonics in biological sciences, and their practical advantage was promoted by Weber in 1982. They are used in many other fields, but the term TLA is particularly associated with computing. The specific generation of three-letter acronyms in computing was mentioned in a JPL report of 1982.
In 1980, the manual for the Sinclair ZX81 home computer used and explained TLA. In 1988, in a paper titled "On the cruelty of really teaching computer science", eminent computer scientist Edsger W. Dijkstra wrote "Because no endeavour is respectable these days without a TLA..." By 1992 it was in a Microsoft handbook.
Use of "TLA" spread through both industry and academia, and it has now become a generally understood initialism.
The number of possible three-letter abbreviations using the 26 letters of the alphabet from A to Z (AAA, AAB... to ZZY, ZZZ) is 26 × 26 × 26 = 17,576. Another 26 × 26 × 10 = 6760 can be produced if the third element is allowed to be a digit 0-9, giving a total of 24,336.
In English, WWW is the longest possible TLA to pronounce, typically requiring nine syllables. Although in written English it is an abbreviation, in spoken English it ordinarily uses three times as many syllables than the words it is abbreviating, World Wide Web, which is three syllables.
References in popular culture
- As early as 1967, the musical Hair included the song "Initials", whose final verse consisted only of TLAs, viz: "LBJ IRT USA LSD. LSD LBJ FBI CIA. FBI CIA LSD LBJ."
- In 1986, Will Shatter of the band Flipper formed a band named "Any Three Initials" (A3I), as a parody of the preponderance of hardcore punk bands with three-initial names.
- In 1998, the British band Love and Rockets released their last album, Lift, featuring the song "R.I.P. 20 C." that, apart from the refrain, consists only of three-letter abbreviations. A contest was held rewarding the first person to correctly give the meanings of all 69 of them.
- In 1999, German hip-hop group Die Fantastischen Vier (The Fantastic Four) released the song "MfG" ("Mit freundlichen Grüßen", German for "Best regards", literally "With friendly greetings"), also mainly consisting of TLAs.
- In 1999, the author Douglas Adams remarked: "The World Wide Web is the only thing I know of whose shortened form takes three times longer to say than what it's short for."
- In 2001, Portland Oregon songwriter Craig Carothers produced a song entitled "BFD" which includes many three-letter acronyms throughout the lyrics. It has been recorded by Carothers as well as Kathy Mattea, Berkley Hart and Don Henry.
- According to the Jargon File, a journalist once asked hacker Paul Boutin what he thought the biggest problem in computing in the 1990s would be. Paul's straight-faced response was: "There are only 17,000 three-letter acronyms."
- The Jargon File also mentions the abbreviation "ETLA" for "extended three letter acronym" to refer to four letter acronyms/abbreviations. Also, "extended three letter acronym" is sometimes abbreviated to "XTLA".
- The ska band TLA from Dunedin, New Zealand, uses "TLA" to mean "two-letter acronym".
- A Harvard University improv team is named Three Letter Acronym.
|Look up TLA in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.|
- Lists of TLAs
- Four-letter abbreviation
- ISO 4217 (currency code)
- List of acronyms
- List of airports by IATA code
- List of all two-letter combinations
- List of computing and IT abbreviations
- List of IOC country codes
- List of three-letter broadcast callsigns in the United States
- Photographers' abbreviations
- Q code
- RAS syndrome
- Levy, M. J. (1975). "Review of The Logic of Social Systems". American Journal of Sociology 81 (3): 658. JSTOR _PHONE_. "The acronyms DSE and DNA have something in common: each is a three-letter acronym."
- Seavey, S. R.; Raven, P. H. (1977). "Chromosomal Differentiation and the Sources of the South American Species of Epilobium (Onagraceae)". Journal of Biogeography 4 (1): 57. JSTOR _PHONE_. "All taxa indicated by three-letter acronyms with strains indicated by a fourth letter if necessary."
- Weber, W. A. (1982). "Mnemonic Three-Letter Acronyms for the Families of Vascular Plants: A Device for More Effective Herbarium Curation". Taxon 31 (1): 74–88. JSTOR _PHONE_.
- Nilsen, K. D.; Nilsen, A. P. (1995). "Literary Metaphors and Other Linguistic Innovations in Computer Language". The English Journal 84 (6): 65–71. JSTOR 820897.
- TDA Progress Report R. Hull (1982) An Introduction to the new Productivity Information Management System page 176
- Steven Vickers ZX81 Basic Programming, Sinclair Research Limited, page 161 "As you can see, everything has a three letter abbreviation (TLA)."
- On the cruelty of really teaching computer science
- Dan Gookin (1992) The Microsoft Guide to Optimizing Windows page 211
- Lyrics of "MfG"
- Douglas Adams, The Independent on Sunday, 1999
- TLA the band


Related image There are several people around the world living in rural communities where half of them are peasant farmers. Such people mostly in Africa rely most on oldest form of transportation which is walking or trekking, this form of transport limit them to access social amenities while also increase the level of poverty among them, these among others are the likely problems people living in rural areas are likely to face. To this end, introduction of road transport system in rural areas is a major solution for a sustained socio-economic development in such communities; more so, it's an important means to enhance national integration. However, here are the benefits of providing road transport in rural areas:
 1. It increases access to market centers, wherefore, encouraging commercial farming activities.
 2. Access to several rural areas is a sign of improved road network resulting into higher availability of farm inputs at a low price.
 3. It brings about employment opportunities.
 4. It increases access to social amenities.
 5. It plays a vital role of promoting development in rural communities.
 6. It promotes national integration.
 7. It is a tool for poverty alleviation.
 8. It provides continuity in moving people and agric produce from rural communities to urban areas.
 9. It provides the farmer the opportunity to quickly move perishable commodities to the market centers or places where they are needed.
 10. It promotes sense of belonging.
Nevertheless, one of the major cause of poverty in rural communities is lack of access to good road transportation, therefore, having read this article, it is understandable that, access to good road transportation is a notable factor to develop rural communities.


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The Kualti are the elite guard of Queen Zyanyi Arkan, the current ruler of Varlamore. Their sole purpose is to protect the Queen, and nothing else.[1] Their headquarters is located in Civitas illa Fortis, adjacent to the royal palace. During a A Kingdom Divided, they accompany Queen Zyanyi to attend the coronation ceremony in Great Kourend.
To become one of the Kualti requires having served many years in the kingdom's army and rigorous training as a knight of the kingdom.[2] Upon completing their training, the Kualti-to-be would be initiated into the ranks of the Kualti in an initiation ceremony.
The Kualti initiation ceremony is performed by Varlamore's High Priest, who would hand over the dagger of the Kualti-to-be's predecessor, which signified their place as one of the Kualti.[3] Each dagger is unique to one of the Kualti, and the Grand Museum of Civitas illa Fortis contains a section where they are displayed, where rows and rows of them are arranged by the ruler under which their owner served.
Trivia[edit | edit source]
 - The word "Kualti" means "to feed" in Nahuatl, a language/group of languages of the Uto-Aztecan language family. This can be interpreted that they are important fodder to protect their Queen, which is their sole duty.
References[edit | edit source]
 1. A Kingdom United, Old School RuneScape. "A Kualti must never be distracted from their one, crucial purpose: to protect the Queen."
 2. A Kingdom United, Old School RuneScape. "All those years in the army, and the rigorous training they'd undergone as a Knight of Varlamore, had been building to this very ceremony."
 3. A Kingdom United, Old School RuneScape. "Yorah would meet the High Priest to hand over their predecessor's dagger and cement their place as one of the Kualti."


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Step 1: Identify macro corridors
First the planning staff identifies beginning and end points where a new power line is needed. Satellite imagery and data on roads, terrain and existing transmission lines are merged to form one digital map of the study area. This map is comprised of a grid of 100-square-foot cells.
Each cell on the map is ranked (see ranking process below). Features such as residential land use, agriculture and wetlands are ranked from 1 (most suitable) to 9 (least suitable). Using the cell values, a computer algorithm calculates optimal paths for three types of suitability surfaces:
- locating with existing transmission lines
- locating with existing road rights of way
- crossing less developed areas
The optimal paths are identified as macro corridors. Combined, the outer boundaries of the macro corridors define the study area.
Step 2: Identify alternative corridors
More detailed data (including aerial photography, detailed land use/land cover, buildings, etc.) are collected to identify alternative corridors within the macro corridors. Using suitability maps comprised of 15 square-foot cells, four types of alternative corridors are defined:
- Built environment - protecting human and cultural resource areas
- Natural environment - protecting plants, animals and aquatic resources
- Engineering requirements - maximizing co-location and minimizing cost
and schedule challenges
- Simple Average - a composite of the other three
Step 3: Identify alternative routes
Within the alternative corridors, property lines are identified and buildings, which are digitally defined earlier in the process, are classified by type, such as occupied house, commercial building or industrial building.
Collecting detailed data after alternative corridors are identified significantly reduces data acquisition costs.
In this phase, utility professionals use their expert judgment to identify alternative routes within the corridors defined by stakeholders.
Step 4: Selecting a preferred route
GIS tools automatically calculate a standardized list of metrics for the alternative routes. Examples of data evaluated include cost, number of houses close to the route, acres of forest in a right of way, etc. The alternative route evaluation tool uses data to filter out the top few routes to forward to the expert judgment tool.
Using the expert judgment tool, the utility siting team assigns relative weights to community concerns, visual concerns, special permit issues, scheduling risks and construction and maintenance accessibility. Then the top route alternatives are ranked using expert analysis to identify a preferred route.
Throughout the process, GIS is a productivity tool to aid experts in the decision-making process. It enables siting team members from engineering, land acquisition, environmental and other areas to use map overlays, spreadsheets, reports and graphic illustrations to make more informed, objective and defensible decisions.
The utility team and external stakeholders set evaluation criteria and rank factors, such as housing density, wetlands and land cover. Stakeholders from government and industry and from civic, homeowner, environmental and other interest groups are invited to participate in ranking these factors. External stakeholder calibration can be done on a regional, statewide and local basis.


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In the 1920s, the Denver Art Museum became one of the first art institutions in the world to collect American Indian material not be-cause of some historic or scientific interest, but because of its undeniable aesthetic qualities. Nearly ninety years later, the DAM has one of the largest and most important collections of Native American art anywhere.
But for months now, the American Indian Art Galleries in the Ponti building devoted to displaying the museums collection have been closed while Native Arts curator Nancy Blomberg rethought and reinstalled it. The new galleries underwent not only a physical change, but also an intellectual one, explains Blomberg. The new presentation focuses on specific artists. People go to the Modern and Contemporary art floors or the European art floors and expect to see artists; however, when they come to the American Indian art galleries, they dont. I want to challenge that. I want visitors to look at a group of, for example, Navajo weavings and see the distinct style and hand of the artist involved. I want people to see 2,000 years of continuous artistic creation.
See it all from prehistoric to postmodern when the galleries reopen at noon today at the DAM, 100 West 14th Avenue Park-way. For more information, call _PHONE_ or go to _URL_.


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Necklite – Moldable Neck Brace
- Compact, light, fast and easy to use.
- Cervical stabilization for extrication and rehabilitation
- Large tracheal opening allows for optimal visualization
- Helps reduce lateral movement
- Foldable and moldable before and after application
- X-ray translucent.
- The locking system uses a 5 cm black Velcro strap.
- Just place and close on patient.
- Non-rigid, latex free.
- Dimensions: Width 550 mm – Height 180 mm – Thickness 5 mm
Introducing a moldable emergency neck brace, comprised of a soft aluminum and coated with high density PU foam. These specific design characteristics allow the brace to be folded or rolled for compact storage. This allows for convenient transport in backpacks, kits and narrow pockets. A series of moldable small wings are positioned under the chin in order to conform to each patient's unique features. Once applied to a patient, it becomes rigid and the neck is tightly immobilized. Once in place, the device features an elliptical hole on the backside and a large oval shaped hole on the front side which allows for a tracheotomy. Necklite is X-ray translucent, it allows therefore to submit the patient to X-ray while he wears on the device. CE approved.
A one size fits all moldable cervical stabilization device.


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Strengthening Democratic Culture in Basic Education
Objective: to integrate a democratic school culture into the Turkish national education system
- Policy recommendations for the integration of competences for democratic culture are put forward and a strategic action plan will be developed building on these policy recommendations.
- Education materials based on human rights, democracy and universal core values are developed targeting basic education institutions.
- School teachers and education practitioners working in basic education institutions are equipped with competences for democratic culture.
- Basic education institutions, school communities and the general public have an increased awareness and a better understanding of democratic school culture.
- Working groups/expert meetings: representatives of the Ministry of Education and consultants will meet to work on a needs analysis, a review of curricula and on the development of training programmes and materials.
- Strategic Planning meetings: decision makers from the Ministry of Education will meet to develop a roadmap for the policy recommendations.
- Focus Groups meetings: members of the Ministry of Education will meet stakeholders and target groups of the project to discuss key issues.
- Domestic study visits: students from pilot cities will have the opportunity to visit Ankara to share experiences and good practices and to establish partnerships and networks with each other.
- Training of trainers: a pool of trainers for specific target groups will be created to support the sustainability of the results of the project.
- Regional Workshops and Conferences: events to raise awareness and share lessons learned and results of the project will be organised.
For more information:
- Capacity building
- Current Projects
- Democratic and Inclusive School Culture in Operation (DISCO)
- European Qualifications Passport for Refugees
- Quality Education for All - Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Quality Education for All - Montenegro
- Quality education for all – Serbia
- Strengthening Democratic Citizenship Education in Albania
- INCLUDE - Building Capacity for Inclusion in Education
- Strengthening Democratic Culture in Basic Education
- Education for Democracy in the Republic of Moldova
- EEA/Norway Grants
- Previous Projects
- Current Projects


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Kids Speed Training
There are many strategies that are going to determine how you set up a kids speed training program.
There are many strategies that are going to determine how you set up a kids speed training program. You must take in to consideration not only the chronological age of athletes that you are training, but also their biological age.
A great book that goes into detail about different training parameters during the stages of development in adolescence is by Jozef Drabik called Children and Sports Training.
Taking into account the level and ability of your athlete, here are a few tips that must go into your childrenís sports speed program.
- Warming up Put together a long and full warm-up that reaches all muscles. The exercises should not be strenuous or fatiguing at all.
- Simple to complex For your warm-up or for any of your structured exercises that your kids are going to perform, use this basic formula. Simple to complex. Start with the most basic exercises and move to the more difficult ones.
- Slow to fast Again, a very basic concept. Start with your slower movements, whether itís a flexibility drill or a running drill, and go to your quicker movements.
- Vary your exercises With developing children you want to add coordination exercises. That being said, make sure you do not use the same exercises at the same time every training day. Switch up the exercises so you challenge the young athlete
- Rest intervals Rest and recovery is extremely important with young athletes. Many drills can be extremely challenging to most athletes especially when you are adding highly coordinated drills that are used in speed training.
- Use sport specific movements Combine speed exercises with the techniques used in their sport or sports. Cutting drils, add football, soccer ball, etc. to exercises.
- Learning first You can practice at sub-maximal efforts before you perform drills and exercises at full speed. The key is to have your athletes be comfortable and be able to flawlessly perform every drill. Itís more important to have perfect form then to try and perform drills as fast as possible.
- Breaking down exercises Break down your exercises into parts. You can perfect techniques of the Ďpartsí of exercises then put them together so that the athlete can comfortably perform the entire motion of specific exercises.
Those are just a few tips and techniques that you can take and add immediately to your kids speed training program. Good luck!
Training Workouts Strength
Training for Speed


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Decline of a Native Mussel Masked by Sibling Species Invasion
|Title||Decline of a Native Mussel Masked by Sibling Species Invasion|
|Publication Type||Journal Article|
|Year of Publication||1999|
|Authors||Geller, J. B.|
The European blue mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) has extensively invaded southern California, whereas a native species, M. trossulus, is abundant in northern California and further north. In this study, a portion of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene was sequenced from mussels collected in southern and central California in the nineteenth century. I aligned these sequences with 22 sequences representing modern M. galloprovincialis, M. edulis, and M. trossulus. Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony identified the nineteenth-century mussels as M. trossulus. Because mussel populations have been continuously present in this region since the time these mussels were collected, these data indicate that M. trossulus were present during the initial invasion of M. galloprovincialis, but, due to the morphological similarity of the two species, declined without notice.


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Human trafficking resource for high schools
Our human trafficking resource has been created specifically for high school students in New Zealand. The resource provides an overview of human rights, human trafficking and modern day slavery. It has been designed to comply with level five curriculum requirements for social sciences in New Zealand, including the following achievement objectives:
- Understand how cultural interaction impacts on cultures and societies.
- Understand that people move between places and how this has consequences for the people and the places.
- Understand how people define and seek human rights.
The goal is to have this resource taught at all schools in New Zealand. We encourage people to learn about human trafficking, download a human trafficking resource, meet with the school principal or a dean of social sciences at a school in their community and advocate for this resource being taught in year 9 and 10 social science classes.
What to do with the high school resource on human trafficking
- Download and print the resource from our website
- Organise a meeting with the principal of head of department ("HOD") for social sciences in a school you are connected to or that is in your community
- At the meeting, give the principal/HOD the resource and tell him/her WHY it is essential that human trafficking is taught in schools
- Organise a follow-up meeting with the principal/HOD two weeks later to see whether the resource is being implemented
- Email us at _EMAIL_ and let us know how things went so we can improve it and get it more widely dispersed


Dr Nina Burrowes is a psychologist who helps people understand the psychology of child sexual abuse, sexual violence and domestic violence. She uses illustrated books, videos and live events to explain why abuse happens, what the impact of abuse is, and what we can all do about it. Dr Burrowes works closely with police, prosecutors, barristers, and judges in England and Wales providing training and consultancy.


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The following studies may be conducted to determine whether or not an agent is a teratogen:
- Animal studies
Animal studies are the primary study method to determine whether a medication, or other environmental exposure, is safe during human pregnancy. In the past, there have been medications on the market that humans used which caused birth defects, such as thalidomide in the 1960's. Thalidomide was removed from the market after several babies were born with missing and malformed limbs to mothers who took thalidomide early in pregnancy. Thalidomide has recently been approved by the FDA for the treatment of certain diseases, but it is only available by a physician's prescription.
- Observations from human exposure
Observations from human exposure (prior to federal regulations for drug testing) are another important way to determine whether a medication is a teratogen. The official criteria for determining whether an agent is teratogenic in humans was determined by Koch in 1971. They are known as Koch's Postulates:
- The agent must be present during the critical stage of development.
- The agent produces a particular pattern of birth defects in animal studies.
- The agent crosses the placenta and there is a dose-response relationship.
- There is an abrupt increase in the frequency of a particular defect or group of defects (syndrome).
- The increase of defects is associated with the use of a new drug or the widespread exposure to a chemical or environmental change.
- There is an absence of other factors to explain the observations.
- The mechanism of teratogenesis makes biological sense.
Prior to 1980, most medications included literature that stated that their use in pregnancy had not been approved. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has since created five drug categories, to designate the safety of medications for their use during pregnancy, including the following. Always consult your physician before taking any medication during pregnancy.
||Medication has not shown an increased risk for birth defects in human studies.
||Animal studies have not demonstrated a risk and there are no adequate studies in humans, OR animal studies have shown a risk, but the risk has not been seen in humans.
||Animal studies have shown adverse effects, but no studies are available in humans, OR studies in humans and animals are not available.
||Medications that are associated with birth defects in humans, however, there may be potential benefits in rare cases that outweigh their known risks.
||Medications are contraindicated (should not be used) in human pregnancy, because of known fetal abnormalities that have been demonstrated in both human and animal studies.
There have been thousands of medications studied over the years, and only about 30 to 40 have been found to have teratogenic effects in humans. It is always important, however, for a woman who thinks she could be pregnant, or is pregnant, to ask her physician about the safety of a medication or over-the-counter medication, vitamin, mineral, or herbal supplement before taking it.
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Online Resources of Medical Genetics


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The SPECTRACAP OMT355 oxygen transmitter from Vaisala
, Woburn, MA, uses a tunable diode laser in a compact probe to monitor oxygen in industrial process gases. The sensor measures oxygen concentration by measuring the absorption of light from a tunable diode laser. For oxygen sensing, the laser is tuned to a wavelength characteristic of the oxygen molecule. The OMT355 can be flange-mounted directly into a process without sampling or sample-conditioning equipment. The SS probe tolerates aggressive chemicals and excessive amounts of moisture and a SS mesh filter protects the probe optics from dust and dirt.


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How to Use
Reading 1: Flour Milling
Flour mills began to be established in the town of Minneapolis in the mid-1850s. Powered by St. Anthony Falls, the mills were supplied with rapidly increasing crops of wheat grown by new settlers in western and southern Minnesota and the Dakotas. Railroads began linking Minneapolis to the west in the late 1860s. The number of Minneapolis flour mills grew rapidly.
A few things kept the Minneapolis mills from competing successfully with flour mills in other parts of the country, however. When flour was made from the hard spring wheat of the Northern Plains using conventional milling techniques, it was discolored and speckled with particles of husk or bran, and it did not keep well. In addition, conventional mill stones destroyed much of the most nutritious part of the wheat kernel.
In the 1860s and 1870s, the millers solved these problems. They developed a process that made it possible to separate the nourishing "middlings" layer of the wheat kernel, process it, and return it to the flour. A second innovation replaced conventional millstones with large chilled porcelain or iron rollers that ran at a lower speed. This prevented discoloration due to heat and minimized the crushed husk and bran that speckled the flour. By the late 1870s Minneapolis flour was recognized as the best in the nation, and it quickly replaced winter-wheat flour in both national and international markets. The mills located on the west bank of the Mississippi made that area the nation's leading flour center.
The Pillsbury Company completed its gigantic A Mill on the east side of the river in 1880. Containing two identical units, it had a capacity of 4000 barrels of flour a day when it opened. By 1905 the mill had tripled its output. Its owners claimed that it was the largest flour mill in the world. Over the years numerous buildings were added to the complex, including a grain storage elevator built in 1910 and linked to the mill by conveyors, another elevator and annex built between 1914 and 1916, and a cleaning house and nine-story warehouse built in 1917. The Pillsbury A Mill is the only mill still operating in the St. Anthony Falls milling district.
Tremendous consolidation took place within the flour industry between 1880 and 1900, as numerous mergers occurred. In 1876, 17 firms operated 20 mills; in 1890, four large corporations produced almost all of the flour made in Minnesota. By the early 1900s, three corporations based in Minneapolis controlled 97 percent of the nation's flour production. They were Washburn-Crosby Company, which became General Mills; Pillsbury-Washburn Flour Mills Company, which became Pillsbury Flour Mills Company; and Northwestern Consolidated Milling Company, which became the Standard Milling Company. This Minneapolis "Flour Trust" dominated the national flour market until the 1930s.
As consolidation took place, the number of operating mills stabilized at about two dozen, but auxiliary buildings multiplied rapidly. Warehouses, grain elevators, boiler rooms, engine houses, packing facilities, and railroad tracks crowded the land along the river. Over the years, the labor of many men constructed canals, mills, and support buildings. Others unloaded newly arrived grain onto conveyor belts that carried it to the millers, who put it through the rollers and processed it into the final product. Still other workers packed the flour, first into barrels and later into bags. Under brand names like Gold Medal and Pillsbury's Best, the newly packaged flour found its way to markets all over the world.
Questions for Reading 1
1. What initially kept the Minneapolis mills from competing sucessfully? How did the millers solve this problem?
2. How did the Pillsbury A Mill set the standard for the flour milling industry?
3. Why do you think Minneapolis came to dominate flour milling in the United States?
4. What three companies ended up with a near monopoly of the American flour industry? Have you ever seen or used any of their brands of flour?
Reading 1 was compiled and adapted from Jeffrey Hess and Camille Kudzia, "St. Anthony Falls Waterpower Area; St. Anthony Falls Historic District" (Hennepin County, Minnesota) National Register of Historic Places Registration Form, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1991; and Lucile M. Kane, The Falls of St. Anthony: The Waterfall that Built Minneapolis (St. Paul, MN: Minnesota Historical Society, 1966).


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wrote the music and songs for Thomas d'Urfey's The Comical History of Don Quixote, Boudicca, The Indian Queen and others, a vast quantity of sacred music, and numerous odes, cantatas, and other miscellaneous pieces. The quantity of his instrumental chamber music is minimal after his early career, and his keyboard music consists of an even more minimal number of harpsichord suites and organ pieces. In 1693, Purcell composed music for two Comedies: The Old Bachelor, and The Double Dealer. Purcell also composed for five other plays within the same year. In July 1695, Henry Purcell composed an ode for the Duke of Gloucester for his sixth birthday. The ode is titled Who can from joy refrain? Purcell's four-part sonatas were issued in 1697. In the remaining six years of his life, Henry Purcell wrote music for forty two plays.
Purcell died in 1695 at his home in Dean's Yard, Westminster, at the height of his career. He was believed to be 35 or 36 years old at the time. The cause of his death is unclear: one theory is that he caught a chill after returning home late from the theatre one night to find that his wife had locked him out. Another is that he succumbed to tuberculosis. The beginning of Purcell's will reads:
- "In the name of God Amen. I, Henry Purcell, of the City of Westminster, gentleman, being dangerously ill as to the constitution of my body, but in good and perfect mind and memory (thanks be to God) do by these presents publish and declare this to be my last Will and Testament. And I do hereby give and bequeath unto my loving wife, Frances Purcell, all my estate both real and personal of what nature and kind soever..."
Purcell is buried adjacent to the organ in Westminster Abbey. The music that he had earlier composed for Queen Mary's funeral was performed during his as well. Purcell was universally mourned as 'a very great master of music.' Following his death, the officials at Westminster honored him by unanimously voting that he be buried with no expense in the north aisle of the Abbey. His epitaph reads: "Here lyes Henry Purcell Esq., who left this life and is gone to that blessed place where only his harmony can be exceeded."
Henry Purcell fathered six children by his wife Frances, four of whom died in infancy. His wife, as well as his son Edward (1689–1740) and daughter Frances, survived him. Frances the elder died in 1706, having published a number of her husband's works, including the now famous collection called Orpheus Britannicus, in two volumes, printed in 1698 and 1702, respectively. Edward was appointed organist of St Clement Eastcheap, London, in 1711 and was succeeded by his son Edward Henry Purcell (d. 1765). Both men were buried in St Clement's near the organ gallery.
Influence and reputation
A Purcell Club was founded in London in 1836 for promoting the performance of his music, but was dissolved in 1863. In 1876 a Purcell Society was founded, which published new editions of his works. A modern day Purcell Club has been created, and provides guided tours and concerts in support of Westminster Abbey.
"The Flowering of the English Baroque", bronze memorial sculpture by Glynn Williams in a small park on Victoria St, Westminster.
After his death, Purcell was honoured by many of his contemporaries, including his old friend John Blow, who wrote "An Ode, on the Death of Mr. Henry Purcell (Mark how the lark and linnet sing)" with text by his old collaborator, John Dryden. More recently, the English poet Gerard Manley Hopkins wrote a famous sonnet entitled simply "Henry Purcell", with a headnote reading: "The poet wishes well to the divine genius of Purcell and praises him that, whereas other musicians have given utterance to the moods of man's mind, he has, beyond that, uttered in notes the very make and species of man as created both in him and in all men generally."
So strong was his reputation that a popular wedding processional was incorrectly attributed to Purcell for many years. The so-called Purcell's Trumpet Voluntary was in fact written around 1700 by a British composer named Jeremiah Clarke as the Prince of Denmark's March.
Purcell also had a strong influence on the composers of the English musical renaissance of the early twentieth century, most notably Benjamin Britten, who created and performed a realisation of Dido and Aeneas and whose The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra is based on a theme from Purcell's Abdelazar. Stylistically, the aria "I know a bank" from Britten's opera A Midsummer Night's Dream is clearly inspired by Purcell's aria "Sweeter than Roses", which Purcell originally wrote as part of incidental music to Richard Norton's Pausanias, the Betrayer of His Country.
In 2009 Pete Townshend of The Who, an English rock band that established itself in the 1960s, identified Purcell's harmonies as an influence on the band's music (in songs such as "Won't Get Fooled Again" (1971) and "I Can See for Miles" (1967)).
Michael Nyman, at the request of the director, built the score of Peter Greenaway's 1982 film, The Draughtsman's Contract on ostinati by Purcell from various sources, one misattributed. He credited Purcell as a "music consultant." Another of Purcell's ostinati, in fact the aforementioned Cold Genius aria, was used in Nyman's Memorial.
In Victoria Street, Westminster, England, there is a bronze monument to Purcell (right), sculpted by Glynn Williams and erected in 1994.
Purcell's works have been catalogued by Franklin Zimmerman, who gave them a number preceded by Z.
In a 1940 interview Ignaz Friedman stated that he considered Purcell as great as Bach and Beethoven.
Purcell is honoured together with Johann Sebastian Bach and George Frideric Handel with a feast day on the liturgical calendar of the Episcopal Church (USA) on 28 July.
Popular culture influences
Purcell is among the Baroque composers who has had a direct influence on modern rock and roll; according to Pete Townshend of The Who, Purcell was among his influences, particularly evident in the opening bars of The Who's "Pinball Wizard". The song "Procession" by British rock band Queen looks to be inspired by the processional section from Purcell's "Music for the Funeral of Queen Mary," which was also adapted for the synthesizer by Wendy Carlos to serve as the theme music for the 1971 film A Clockwork Orange. Meanwhile, noted cult New Wave artist Klaus Nomi regularly performed "The Cold Song" from King Arthur during his career, including a version on his debut self-titled album, Klaus Nomi, from 1981; his last public performance before his untimely death was an interpretation of the piece done with a full orchestra in December 1982 in Munich. Purcell wrote the song for a bass, but numerous countertenors have performed the piece in homage to Nomi.
In the 21st century, the soundtrack of the 2005 film version of Pride and Prejudice features a dance titled "A Postcard to Henry Purcell." This is a version by composer Dario Marianelli of Purcell's Abdelazar theme. In the German-language 2004 movie, Der Untergang ([the] Downfall (film), the music of Dido's Lament is used repeatedly as the end of the Third Reich culminates.
- ^ Wells, J.C., Longman Pronunciation Dictionary. Harlow, Essex: Longman. ISBN 0-582-36467-1
- ^ According to Homan and Thompson (Grove Music Online, see References) there is uncertainty regarding the year and day of birth. No record of baptism has been found. The year 1659 is based on Purcell's memorial tablet in Westminster Abbey and the frontispiece of his Sonnata's of III. Parts (London, 1683). The day 10 September is based on vague inscriptions in the manuscript GB-Cfm 88. It may also be relevant that he was appointed to his first salaried post on 10 September 1677, which would have been his eighteenth birthday.
- ^ Homan and Thompson (Grove Music Online, see References).
- ^ a b Encyclopaedia Britannica 11th ed. 1911, p. 658.
- ^ a b Zimmerman, Franklin. Henry Purcell 1659–1695 His Life and Times. (New York City: St. Martin's Press Inc., 1967), 34.
- ^ a b Westrup, J. A. Purcell. (London: J. M. Dent & Sons Ltd., 1975), 8.
- ^ Burden, Michael. The Purcell Companion. (Portland, Oregon: Amadeus Press, 1995), 55.
- ^ Burden, Michael. The Purcell Companion. (Portland, Oregon: Amadeus Press, 1995), 58.
- ^ Zimmerman, Franklin. Henry Purcell 1659–1695 His Life and Times. (New York City: St. Martin's Press Inc.,


NEWTON, Ask A Scientist!
Name: Leslie
Status: student
Age: N/A
Location: N/A
Country: N/A
Date: N/A
I understand that the definition oftemperature is the average kinetic energy. My question is why is this the case? Why is it that atoms, and atomic bonds, tend to vibrate when heated. Why isn't the temperature increase taken up by another mechanism?
If we treat this question as a mechanistic (rather than a philosophical) question... I would hazard a guess (and maybe the physicists in the team can check me on this) that since heat and translational motion are both "non-quantized" (as opposed to, say, electron excitation) then we can expect that all levels of heat can be "matched-up" to translational motion.
This is not true for rotational and vibrational motion which have energy barriers or quanta of energy that are specific to particular motion types - particular IR (heat) can cause rotational, bending, wagging, stretching, etc. because that required energy is available.
So, maybe that is the place to start for this discussion.
Greg (Roberto Gregorius)
There are two interpretations of the question "Why is [insert phenomenon] like that?": it can mean
(1) What is the mechanism that allows for such a phenomenon to follow from the observed cause? or
(2) Why is nature designed like that?
The first question can be answered through a scientific process. The second question is more philosophical and cannot be answered in science.
I think your student's question is more in the nature of #2. It is a good idea to have your students learn the distinction so that they can be more aware of the nature of science and philosophy.
Greg (Roberto Gregorius)
Hi Les,
Sounds like there is a basic misunderstanding of temperature here.
Temperature can be thought of as both a "microscopic" and "macroscopic" concept. (I do not mean literally 'visible in a microscope'; I mean 'imagine yourself the same size/scale as atoms')
Microscopically, temperature is the aggregation of many kinds of vibrations between atoms. These can manifest themselves in vibrating bonds or in movement of molecules. Thinking of temperature as purely kinetic energy is OK for an ideal monoatomic gas (e.g. well-spaced hard spheres), but it is not the best general description.
Macroscopically, temperature guides heat flow. Heat flows from hotter objects to colder ones (e.g. vibrations are transferred from the "more vibrating" to the "less vibrating". Humans can perceive these vibrations as "warmth", and we can generally tell the difference between warmer and colder objects (although we can be fooled).
Your question seems to imply that there is something more fundamental to temperature than vibrations -- you say that we heat something and "then" the vibrations occur. But temperature is not anything more than these vibrations. By "heating" something, all you are doing is increasing the various types of vibrations. The vibrations do not "correlate" with temperature -- they are the "temperature". The way we sense these vibrations is as 'heat', but that is only how we sense it.
In summary, "heat" is not "something" that causes vibrations -- it is the vibrations.
Hope this helps,
Burr Zimmerman
Hhmm! And I am not being condescending. If you understand a non-circular definition of temperature in terms of average kinetic energy, then, please provide a non-circular definition of energy. No number of examples suffice. The question is not "HOW ENERGY BEHAVES" that is "EASY" but what is "ENERGY" This is just a suggestion, but are "TEMPERATURE" and/or "ENERGY" just what we decide them to be??
Vince Calder
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This is Smart Safety
Climate Safety
Natural disasters such as hurricanes, tornadoes, and floods have devastating effects on communities across the world. When a disaster strikes, federal, state, and local governments need a coordinated strategy, accessible data, and a skilled workforce to manage the response.
IoT sensors collect data and systematically broadcast signals from emergency areas and send directly to government agencies and emergency teams. For example, sensors can measure temperature, water quality, pressure, level, smoke, and humidity, to name just a few uses. In the case of wildfires, sensors can detect how far and how fast is the fire spreading. For hurricanes or tsunamis, sensors can monitor water levels to send alerts at the first sign of flooding. Sensors can also be used to detect the presence of harmful gases or chemicals emanating from a storage tank, factory, or plant in the path of destruction. These devices can be critical for urgent decisions like whether to evacuate an area at risk of flooding, or how to guide residents to the safest exit routes ahead of an emergency.
In order to respond with precision, government agencies and emergency response teams should establish communication systems between the mobile devices of an at-risk area's residents and IoT sensors in the field. Doing so can help facilitate and expedite a local response during the disaster. The system should respond to incoming information based on data it receives from the IoT sensors and signals from citizens' mobile devices. Response teams can also use the sensor data for coordination, analytics, outreach strategies, and on-the-ground tactics.
Road Safety
IoT road sensors can provide real-time data from roads to help divert the flow of traffic away from areas of hazard. Road sensors are going to be one of the most crucial developments that will take place in the world of transportation with the introduction of the Internet of Things technology. Road sensors can be easily embedded under the roads so that they can effectively measure the changes in temperature, traffic volume and humidity, among other weather and traffic constraints.
Traffic lights that use real-time data feeds are being used to smooth traffic load. Sensors mounted at strategic places can use IoT technology to gather data about high traffic junctions and areas diverting vehicles from these places. Big data can analyze this information further and figure out alternative routes, as well as better traffic signaling to ease congestion. Meanwhile, road-side lights can also work according to weather sensors mounted on them. Dimming of light happens not only as a part of the day-night process but also when weather conditions turn murky. Roadside light sensors can pick up these signals and turn them on and off accordingly.
If a driver is operating his/her vehicle at an unsafe speed for current conditions, our IoT fleet management systems give people the data you need to quickly assess the issue and avoid any accidents. Sometimes, the drivers may not have even realized they were operating their vehicle unsafely, but with real-time data from an IoT system people can address the issue before it turns into an accident.
For transportation safety officials and road crews, using the data generated from IoT fleet management systems can aid in the proper deployment of resources to keep roads safe for all drivers, including their own crews. In areas with heavy snow, properly allocating resources to roadways early on in a storm can result in more efficient road clearing and safer road conditions. Additionally, IoT data can be used to ensure that road crews have the sufficient equipment and resources necessary to safely clear dangerous road conditions or obstructions. Fallen trees, flooded roads, and heavy snows can all be difficult to clear, and dangerous to deal with when other drivers are on the road. Proper deployment can alleviate some of this danger by ensuring road crews also have the heavy equipment and signal operators to safely operate.
Crime Safety
IoT crime classification can enable investigators to efficiently assess large amounts of information and rapidly extract intelligence from the huge amount of collected data. It also reduces the time it takes to identify threat actors and helps investigators focus on a smaller number of potential suspects. Studying similar cases from the same class should provide guidance on relevant evidence, the legal admissibility process and evidence verification methods. Classification of IoT crimes can also prepare investigators to combat emerging threats, even in the absence of proper processes. By assigning a new crime to a predefined category, investigators can begin collecting and examining evidence based on past experience.
Face recognition and data harvested from the Internet of Things by police can be analyzed to create a picture of crime patterns and trends. By applying predictive analytics and machine learning to big data, police can spot where violent crime may happen next.
Fire Safety
Temperature sensors are currently configured to detect temperatures in normal ranges, but special heatproof sensors could detect the temperature of fires. This would not only detect fires before they emit smoke, but could also give firefighters a clue as to the intensity of fires, allowing them to alter their equipment and approach. All of this information could be transmitted automatically to fire crews, even happening alongside the emergency call. A voice alarm system could also inform evacuating employees of the best escape routes, based on the path of the fire.
The lack of information firefighters have at times can lead to lost lives. This is something the Internet of Things can help out with tremendously. Plus, Variantz platform automatically notifies building owners in an emergency. It's not so far-fetched that it might also work to trigger automatic response systems against an advancing blaze.
 For greater water power, such a system might also employ a pump to wield more water from nearby koi ponds, swimming pools or standby cisterns or tanks. In the event of power failure, solar-powered generators keep the whole system working. Existing generators could power a home's water supply for several hours. What's more, prices for generators have dropped dramatically, making them more accessible.