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Date of Award
Master of Arts
Marital and Family Therapy
School or College
College of Communication and Fine Arts
Dr. Einat Metzl
The purpose of this research was to explore cultural similarities and differences that could be found from analyzing the images of the Kinetic Family Drawing and their accompanying narratives. The current literature on the Kinetic Family Drawing as an assessment tool and the literature on the role of culture in psychotherapy were examined. The researchers have collected Kinetic Family Drawing images and narratives from groups of college students from the United States and groups of college students from two different areas in Mexico. Participants were asked to perform the Kinetic Family Drawing, title the drawing, write a brief narrative about the drawing, and list any cultural affiliations that may aid in contextualizing the drawing. Researchers used the Kinetic Family Drawings and the accompanying narratives collected to look for similarities and differences in perceptions of family among the different cultures and the ways in which environment and culture may impact family and family perceptions
Baxter, Kathleen Deanna; Uy, Sharon Brooke; and Yun, Stella Mina, "A Cross-Cultural Exploration Into Kinetic Family Drawings" (2015). LMU/LLS Theses and Dissertations. 146.


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Northwestern Belize has a high diversity of wildlife due to extensive areas of intact natural habitat and relatively low levels of human disturbance. The wide range of fauna reflects the diversity of Northern Belize's many habitats. The following are brief descriptions of the more common species you might encounter when visiting each of the different ecosystems of northern Belize. The list is by no means comprehensive.
You can easily access these areas at the Chan Chich/Gallon Jug area, the Rio Bravo Conservation Area, and near the Lamanai Mayan site.
Most of the lowland broadleaf forests of northern Belize support healthy populations of all 5 species of wildcat - Jaguar (Panthera onca), Puma (Felis concolor), Ocelot (Felis pardalis), Margay (Felis wiedii) and Jaguarundi (Felis yagouaroundi). NW Belize is an area with perhaps the largest population of wildcats in Belize probably because the natural prey base has not been hunted out.
Two species of monkey inhabit the broadleaf forests of northern Belize. The howler monkey (Alouatta pigra), a large, relatively heavy set primate, can be heard roaring early mornings and evenings. Known in Belize as the "baboon", they live in the tree tops feeding on fruit and leaves. The spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi), known as "monkey" in Belize, also lives in the tree tops, but is much more agile than the howlers, swinging from branch to branch using their arms.
Medium and small sized mammals will probably dominate your wildlife sitings. Herds of 10 or 20 White-tailed deer grazing along the trimmed roadside and second growth bush are common near Gallon Jug. The grey fox, though an arboreal mammal, is a frequent roadside siting as are armadillos and opossums at night. Probably the most frequently seen nighttime mammal is the kinkajou, found high in the canopy and located by their eyeshine.
Search openings in the canopy for the keel billed toucan, Belize's national bird. You can usually hear them even in the thick of the forest as a low, throaty, reptilian sound repeated over and over rrrk-rrrk-rrrk. In fact, because of the dense foliage, you will probably hear more birds than you will see. The Blue-crowned Motmot is a gorgeous bird with a deep-throated double hoot-hoot. Arguably the most beautiful and memorable call comes from the montezuma orependola. This crow sized bird builds large hanging nest high on emergent trees; the song is impossible to describe, but consists of an unforgettable series of bizarre gurgles and hollow popping notes.
Finally, all throughout the northwestern forest, you will encounter the large occellated turkey feeding along roadsides and clearings. As the sun sets, listen for the haunting, eerie, powerful, and quavering whistle of the great tinamou which so typifies nature in the tropics.
At first glance, the pine ridge and savanna habitat appear to be void of wildlife. But wildlife watching often is rewarding. Probably the most frequently seen mammal is the grey fox running along the roadside with its bushy tail waving behind. It feeds on small mammals and insects. At night, you can hear the nine-banded armadillo snuffling through dead leaves and soil searching for ants, termites and other insects. The puma is the principle top predator of the lowland savanna ecosystem of the north.
Characteristic reptiles include the beautiful rainbow ameiva, an iridescent lizard which feeds predominately on insects. Another extremely common lizard is the anole, a small, plain, greyish lizard perched on branches, shrubs or tuffs of grass. At night you can find the large cane toad, which feeds on almost anything that can fit into its mouth. This toad has a good supply of poison glands on its skin which can cause headaches and nausea if ingested; dogs have died from biting this toad.
Birds are easily seen in the savanna habitat and include such notable species as the king vulture soaring overhead and the yellow-headed parrot and jabiru stork nesting on the top of dead pine trees. Along roadsides you will encounter a pretty white flycatcher with a long forked tail performing dramatic up-down-zigzag flight. The forked-tailed flycatcher is sometimes found in flocks of 30 or more birds in open areas with scattered bushes. Other birds that are mostly restricted to the savanna habitat include the brilliant vermilion flycatcher and the aplomado falcon.
The best way of experiencing the savanna is to hike during the early morning and late afternoon. Use a pair of binoculars. Walk slowly and stop often. Listen. Sounds of insects and birds will carry far in the open country. And if you are lucky enough to venture upon one of the many watering holes, find a dry place to sit down with a good view of the shore.
Closely associated with the savannas of northern Belize are the freshwater wetlands, including rivers, swamps (bajos) and lagoons. While these wetlands are important flood channels and plains, the rich soil ladened runoff waters are the source of food for plants and invertebrates which make up the lower levels of the food chain. This wealth of food attracts a large number of migrant and resident birds.
Common birds of this habitat include the many species of herons and egrets, ibis, woodstorks, spoonbills, and the relatively rare agami and bare-throated tiger herons. Rails are often heard foraging along the banks of lagoons in the tall grass, and anhingas and cormorants feed underwater on the plentiful freshwater fish.
One of the most common and noticeable predators in this habitat is the snail kite, a black hawk-like looking bird with a long hooked bill evolved to extract the body of the apple snail from its shell. This predator is the reason you will find so many large, beautiful shells littering the shoreline of lagoons and rivers of northern Belize.
There are two important reptiles that frequent the waterways and lagoons of northern Belize. The hickatee turtle (Dermatemys mawii) lives in the large, deep lowland rivers and lagoons of northern Belize, feeding on leaves and fruit which drop into the river or are carried downstream. The hickatee is widely hunted for its meat. The other reptile is the Morelet's crocodile (Crocodylus moreleti), commonly known as "alligator". The Morelet's lives mainly in inland lagoons and the slow flowing rivers. They feed on any small prey such as birds and small mammals along the shorelines of the wetlands of northern Belize.
The mangrove and coastal lagoon is home to a rich diversity of marine species both above and below the water. The animals that inhabit the underwater region of this habitat must be able to stand a wide and often sudden change in salinity, but take advantage of the shelter and abundant food source available. Birds, reptiles, invertebrates and mammals also take advantage of the protection of the mangrove trees and vegetation while the rich source of food provides a perfect location for reproduction.
Many waterfowl use the mangrove for nesting. One of the most impressive is the wood stork, one of Belize's largest birds. Their rookeries are restricted to the coastal lagoons, with several large nesting sites accessible with proper guides in the Shipstern Lagoon. Other waterfowl frequenting the coastal mangrove include the many species of heron and egret, ibis, spoonbills and white-crowned pigeons. These birds feed on the abundance of shrimp, crabs, worms, small fish and insects which live in and around the mud and leaf detritus.
Below the waterline, life also flourishes. Many marine invertebrates such as sponges, tunicates, anemones, oysters and barnacles live on the root systems of the red mangrove. The young of commercial marine species such as snapper, grouper, lobster and crabs begin their life in the mangrove before moving out into the deeper marine waters. A snorkel through the rich mangrove lagoons of Bacalar Chico or along the mouths of the many rivers of northern Belize will give you a glimpse of the diversity and richness of this underwater habitat.
Common reptiles include the ubiquitous anole lizard, abundantly found on almost any tree trunk. Boa constrictors and other snakes feed on the many insects and young birds raised in the mangrove, as well as the unsuspecting migrants which use the coastal mangrove as a feeding and resting stop during their journeys. The other crocodile species in Belize, the American Crocodile, prefers the salt and brackish water of the coastal lagoons.
Mammals are less abundant, though the racoon and coatimundi are sometimes seen in the mangrove, as well as squirrels. The most impressive mammal you will see while exploring the coastal mangrove habitat is the West Indian Manatee. This endangered species feeds on the turtle grass in the shallows around mangrove islands along the north coast, and is normally seen with just the snout sticking out of the water, or a swirl of mud along side your boat.
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Observing the Stars in Arizona
A group of astronomy students got some hands-on time with a telescope during a four-day field trip to Kitt Peak National Observatory, near Tucson.
Students in Steve Boughn and Beth Willman's observational astronomy class got some serious hands-on time with a telescope during a Fall break field trip to Kitt Peak National Observatory (KPNO) in Arizona. This is the fourth time the astronomers have traveled to Kitt Peak with students, giving them the opportunity to operate the equipment and make observations.
The trip was was funded through the Louis Green Fund, the Koshland Integrated Natural Sciences Center and the National Science Foundation, and the students kept a running report on their experience with posts and photos in the Astronoblog. "I had an amazing time, and the students were highly impressive in their diligence in data acquisition, analysis, and troubleshooting," wrote Willman in her own post to the blog. "We were very busy both nights, whether obtaining time-series observations of a Milky Way globular cluster for science, [or] observing beautiful nebulae and galaxies for fun … One highlight for me was seeing both Venus and Jupiter bright in the sunrise sky at 6 a.m."
Originally posted at: _URL_


Definitions for "packed"
Keywords: jam, theater, suitcase, crowded, dirty
Same as jammed.
Crowded; as, the theater was packed.
filled to capacity; "a suitcase jammed with dirty clothes"; "stands jam-packed with fans"; "a packed theater"
This is also referred to as PACKED-DECIMAL or COMPUTATIONAL-3 or COMP-3. A numeric encoding scheme used on a mainframe. For example, an unsigned number of 12345 would be stored in memory on the mainframe system as x'F1F2F3F4F5' ( EBCDIC-encoded, zoned-decimal format). If the same number was defined as PACKED (or COMP-3) it would be stored in memory as x'12345F'. In this example the packing of the number reduces the size from five (5) bytes to three (3) bytes. The low-order nibble of the low-order byte is used as the sign. If an arithemetic operation is attempted on a field defined as COMP-3 and the field contains non-numeric characters then a data exception error (S0C7) will ABEND the attempt. Refer to COMP-3 in this glossary or for more information.
pressed together or compressed; "packed snow"
A layout in which the motifs are placed close together. Details...
Keywords: spoon, cup, sugar, fat, towards
To pack brown sugar or fat for measuring, spoon it a little at a time into a measuring cup, and then use the back of the spoon to pack it down. Work from the outside edges in towards the center.
A product that is wrapped in software designed to prevent its use without appropriate authorization. In this form a product is a BOB.
Keywords: felted, compacted, wool
Wool that becomes compacted or felted.


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Using Copper and Aluminum Wire for Home Circuits
When splicing aluminum and copper wires do the wire connectors need to be a special type? Wiring Methods for Copper and Aluminum Wires, Safe uses of Aluminum Wire for Larger Home Electrical Circuits.
Copper and Aluminum Wiring
Electrical Question: When splicing aluminum and copper wires do the wire connectors need to be a special type?
I am replacing a ceiling light fixture and I have questions about some aluminum wire I am working with.
- The new light fixture has two 60 watt bulbs and will be on a 15 amp circuit.
- The original light fixture's copper black wire is connected to a single copper black wire, which is dropping down from the attic and into a wire nut.
- The current fixture's single copper white wire is connected to four other white wires in a large black wire nut.
- The new light has both black and white wires of stranded aluminum and comes with orange wire nuts.
- The manufacturer's 800 number says that the supplied orange wire nuts are fine for this light's copper-aluminum connection.
CU/AL Splice Connectors for Copper and Aluminum Wire
- Do one or the other or both connectors need to be special CU/AL connectors such as Ideal Twister? For instance, can the neutral group remain within a standard connector?
- If standard connectors are OK, can I still use the current large black connector to twist the light's neutral aluminum strands with the other four neutral coppers?
Thanks for any assistance you can give.
This electrical question came from: Joe, a Homeowner from Woodridge, Illinois.
Dave's Reply: Thanks for your electrical question Joe.
Wiring Methods for Copper and Aluminum Wires
Application: Splicing Electrical Wires.
Skill Level: Intermediate to Advanced – Best performed by a Licensed Electrician.
Tools Required: Basic Electricians Pouch Hand Tools and Voltage Tester.
Estimated Time: Depends on the personal level experience and ability to work with tools and access to the wiring.
Precaution: Identify the circuit, turn it OFF and then Tag it with a Note before performing any wiring.
Notice: Installing additional electrical wiring should be done according to local and national electrical codes with a permit and inspected.
Materials: Properly sized wire connectors, anti-corrosion ointment, electrical tape, junction box and blank cover.
Working with Copper and Aluminum Electrical Wiring
- Electrical Answer specific to this question
- In the example of this question, the fixture wires are most likely tinned copper wires, not aluminum wires, so they may have the appearance of aluminum wires but they are not.
- Stranded wire and solid wire may be spliced together when using wiring connectors that are approved for both types of wires.
- This electrical question appears to describe light fixture wiring that is not brought directly into a light fixture without a junction box or fixture box. If the new light fixture does not have an approved self contained wiring enclosure then a fixture box should be installed to provide a proper splice enclosure of the electrical wires.
Installing Aluminum Wiring for Home Electrical Circuits
Safe uses of Aluminum Wire for Larger Home Electrical Circuits and the Advantages of Copper Wire for Home Electrical Circuits.
- Restrictions of Aluminum Wiring for Homes
- The electrical code once allowed homes to be wired with aluminum wire, and at that time it was allowed for #12 aluminum wire to be used for 15 amp circuits, however that is not longer permitted or allowed.
- Many home and mobile home fires have been linked to the use of aluminum wiring, especially with branch circuits for lighting and receptacle outlets.
- Approved Aluminum Electrical Wiring for Homes
- The installation of permitted aluminum wiring must still be acceptable by your local building department.
- Areas that are near the ocean were salt will affect then integrity and connections of aluminum wire will have restrictions on the installation of aluminum wiring.
- In areas where aluminum wire is permitted the installation must be followed according to the electrical codes.
- One example of the code states that for standard over current device sizes, use for protection of a non-motor appliance, a 45 amp circuit with #6 SE Aluminum cable may be used.
- Safe Uses of Aluminum Wire for Larger Home Electrical Circuits
- Aluminum wire may be used where permitted and as indicated by the electrical code and installed according to the provisions that ensure safety and circuit integrity, including the use of non-corrosive compounds, and approved terminals or wire connectors for use with aluminum wire.
- Advantages of Copper Wire for Home Electrical Circuits
- Without a doubt, copper is a very good choice for electrical wiring.
- It is common to see that some of the larger loads state that copper wire is required, such as for hot tubs and many air conditioners, and other equipment.
- Copper offers less resistance and does not expand and contract under load like aluminum wire does, which is a major cause of circuit connection failures.
More about Splicing Electrical Wires
Electrical Wire for the Home
Complete listing of electrical wire types and parts used for home projects with electrical code information serves as selection guidelines.
Electrical Junction Box Splice
Electrical junction box splices can be made safely when you understand the method. This example will show you how its done step by step and shows how to make a junction box splice and the related electrical codes.
Be Careful and Be Safe - Never Work on Energized Circuits!
Consult your Local Building Department about Permits and Inspections for all Electric Wiring Projects.
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Why Cleveland Guardians? Roots of baseball team's new name found in bridge by ballpark
Craig Webb
Akron Beacon Journal
One of the Guardians on the Hope Memorial Bridge leading to Progressive Field in Cleveland.
Forget the Marvel Universe crew of misfit space travelers.
The Guardians of Cleveland who are now the face of the Cleveland baseball club are deeply rooted in the city's history.
It's a mere coincidence that these Guardians keep a watchful eye over the team who now claims them as a mascot as they stand guard atop the nearby Hope Memorial Bridge.
Stone carvers pose on a pylon of the Lorain-Carnegie Bridge, later renamed the Hope Memorial Bridge, circa 1931.
Cleveland baseball:Guardians will be Cleveland's new baseball team name
Social reactions:The Cleveland Guardians are here, but not every fan online loves it
When the bridge was completed in 1932, the ball club wasn't playing at the corner Carnegie and Ontario. Back then, the team's home was old League Park, well east of the Cuyahoga River.
Originally named the Lorain-Carnegie Bridge, the talk of constructing a second span over the river began around the turn of the century.
It stretches nearly a mile long and was designed to carry both cars and street cars at the time, although a lower level for vehicles was never completed.
The father of the bridge's later namesake — the late comedian Bob Hope, who grew up in Cleveland — was a stone mason and helped build the span to connect the city's East and West sides.
But — like the ball club — this is no ordinary, boring bridge.
The engineering firm of Wilbur J. Watson & Associates, along with consulting architect Frank Walker, strayed from the norm of the time by curving the lower edges of the trusses and adding the famed Guardians, giving it a Modernist architectural vibe.
The design included four massive stone pylons with eight Art Deco-style stone figures dubbed the Guardians of Traffic that separated it from other spans of the era.
One of the Guardians on the Hope Memorial Bridge leading to Progressive Field.
The mammoth stone-faced statues sculpted by Henry Hering, whose signature work can also be found at Cleveland's famed Severance Hall, each hold a different vehicle.
There's a hay wagon, a covered wagon, a stage coach, a passenger car, a dump truck, a concrete mixer and a pair of two other trucks.
The intent of the architect was to celebrate the progression of transportation from the simple hay wagon to the then modern automobile and truck.
John Grabowski, chief historian for the Western Reserve Historical Society and a history professor at Case Western Reserve University, said researchers recently looked into the mystery trucks on two of the pillars and found that one is an exact replica of a 1930s-era electric truck.
The bridge's Guardians have been a popular symbol for the city and artists alike over the years and now the ball club as one of the statue's standing guard over the bridge's east end is just a very long Daniel Johnson Jr. throw away from right field.
Grabowski, who also is an editor of "The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History/Dictionary of Cleveland Biography," said the bridge was really a "grand structure" when it opened and celebrated Cleveland's position as one of the nation's largest cities at the time and its role as a commerce and transportation hub.
It came after the completion of the Union Terminal and the city's iconic theater district on the eve of the Great Depression.
"It has truly become iconic," he said. "The statues have become as close to a symbol of the city Cleveland as anything next to the Terminal Tower."
More on the Cleveland Guardians name change
Craig Webb, who was partial to the Cleveland Spiders (Webb, get it?), can be reached at _EMAIL_.


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Implement Automated Assembly Lines Faster with SDS, PC-Based Controls
The Smart Distributed System (SDS) offers companies that implement automated assembly lines the opportunity to cost-effectively respond to high-growth opportunities and quickly changing market conditions. Companies in dynamic businesses are continuously faced with changing capacity, and with ensuring that their existing facilities are flexible and cost-effective. These companies need to continually improve the information available from their assembly lines, and have pertinent data available throughout their business systems. Once a system is installed it also becomes critical to detect and remedy problems quickly.
This white paper describes how "Smart" control systems based on SDS and personal computers (PC) decrease design and installation costs, reduce operating costs and allow the use of an assembly line sooner than was previously possible. It explains the SDS architecture and describes some of the components that make up a Smart System. The paper closes with real-world examples.
Why Use a Smart System?
A Smart System, as described herein, is one that uses a personal computer (PC) and the SDS as the control architecture. This is in contrast to using a programmable logic controller (PLC) and wiring the components to input and output cards on the PLC. Figure 1 depicts the change that is occurring in the market for automation systems.
Smart Systems provide a number of benefits, including lower design costs, reduced installation costs and easier troubleshooting.
While smart components cost more than standard ones, the savings gained during installation outweigh the increased hardware cost. The total installed cost of Smart Systems is often 20%-30% less than traditional PLC-based systems. The majority of the savings are a result of the speed in which a Smart System can be commissioned, resulting in significantly lower installation costs.
Using a PC running the Windows NT operating system also makes it easier to connect an assembly line to a plant-wide network using industry standard protocols and interfaces, such as Ethernet and Microsoft networking. Design costs are reduced because the documentation requirements are less for a Smart System. In a PLC-based system each wire must be documented as to its wire number and termination, resulting in several pages of wiring diagrams. Smart System documentation typically includes a layout drawing for each bus in a system. These drawings show the location of each device on the bus. In many cases, the documentation requirements are cut in half.
Rapid deployment results in two more benefits: use of the assembly line and a faster return on the investment. In most businesses, being able to use an assembly line a few weeks earlier can have a notable impact on financial results, particularly if a company is in need of capacity. Anytime an investment can generate cash flow sooner it has a positive financial effect.
After a Smart System is installed it continues to provide benefits to the user. The savings incurred during installation apply when changing and/or adding to a line. Adding workstations, reconfiguring a transfer or extending the line take less time with a Smart System.
When a problem does occur during operation, Smart Systems make it easier to locate the problem. Smart components are equipped with diagnostics, and the PC controller has the ability to report them, including whether a device is missing. Knowing the exact location of a component that is having a problem can reduce troubleshooting to a quick glance at a monitor.
SDS…The Basis for Smart Systems
SDS is a robust component-level network that allows industrial devices to be connected on a single cable instead of running individual control wires to each device.
The SDS specification was created in 1992 by Honeywell's Sensing and Control division, a leading supplier of sensors and switches in the industrial market, and is open to anyone who wishes to develop SDS-compatible products. Because the SDS specification is open it has been widely applied.
The definition of a component in SDS is flexible. It can be as simple as a limit switch, and as complex as an adjustable frequency drive or bar code scanner. There are even companies using SDS to communicate with distributed embedded computers doing dedicated control tasks.
Using Smart components—instead of wiring standard control devices to an I/O block or card—provides a number of important benefits, both during installation and after a line has been commissioned.
Reduced Design Costs
One objective when implementing a Smart System is to eliminate terminations of wires. Documentation of the electrical system can be reduced to a single-line drawing that shows where a bus runs and the component locations. The volume of documentation is roughly half of a typical PLC-based system, and the time required to generate the electrical drawings is one-third.
The most obvious savings during installation is the reduced wiring cost, including labor and the wire itself. In comparison, an installation of 64 sensors in a PLC-based system means the 64 sensors would require 66 wires (2 for power and 64 signal lines) of varying run lengths Each wire needs to land on a terminal block, requiring someone to strip the wire, label it and insert it in a terminal. This also requires each termination to be documented.
Installing Smart sensors requires giving a device an address and attaching it to the bus. Since quick-connect cables are typically used, there are not be any wiring connections required, depending on the components used. Each cable is typically labeled with its address on the bus.
Not as obvious, yet potentially much more financially rewarding, is the speed in which a Smart System can be installed. If a manufacturer is in need of capacity, getting to use a line quickly can result in millions of dollars in shipped product. This benefit often far outweighs the cost savings incurred during the actual installation.
Rapid deployment also means a company's investment can begin generating positive cash flows sooner.
The benefits of a Smart System don't end at installation. Reduced downtime, changes and additions to the line, and the ease which real-time production information can be communicated throughout the facility improve the value of a Smart System.
Downtime is reduced through a set of easy-to-use diagnostics. When using a PC with Think & Do Software, the health of the SDS network and the components on the network can be presented in an easy-to-understand format. If a component is missing from the bus, or has an internal error, the HMI can be configured to display the error. This eliminates endless hours of identifying where a problem resides, allowing a system to be brought back online quickly.
The design and installation savings apply when making changes to the system. It is just as simple to add components to a system as it is to initially install them.
Because Smart Systems are based on a PC, connecting the control system to the plant information system is straightforward. Think & Do Software includes servers for OLE for Process Control (OPC) and Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE). Think & Do also conforms with the Microsoft Distributed Component Object Modeling (DCOM) specification. By following several standards, Think & Do provides one of the simplest platforms for connectivity available on the market today.


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Meeting Promoting excellence standards for medical education and training
We have specific standards and requirements within Promoting excellence about supporting learners overall, and supporting learners with disabilities (including long term health conditions) in particular.
What does Promoting excellence say about supporting disabled learners?
Promoting excellence makes it clear that the purpose of providing effective support to students and doctors is for them to demonstrate what is expected in Good medical practice and achieve the learning outcomes required by their curriculum.
We require organisations to:
give learners access to resources to support their health and wellbeing, and to educational and pastoral support, including (R3.2) confidential counselling services, careers advice and support, and occupational health services.
make sure learners are not subjected to behaviour that undermines their professional confidence, performance or self-esteem (R3.3)
make reasonable adjustments for disabled learners, and to make sure learners have access to information about reasonable adjustments, with named contacts (R3.4)
give learners information and support to help them move between different stages of education and training. The needs of disabled learners must be considered, especially when they are moving from medical school to postgraduate training, and on clinical placements (R3.5)
give learners timely and accurate information about their curriculum, assessment and clinical placements (R3.7). This is particularly relevant for disabled learners, as having this information in advance will help put any reasonable adjustments or other arrangements (eg travel arrangements for placements that are further away) required in place
support, where reasonable, learners whose progress, performance, health or conduct gives rise to concerns to overcome these and, if needed, given advice on alternative career options (R3.14).
Medical schools also have responsibilities towards the very small number of medical students who may not be able to meet the competences in Outcomes for graduates, after they have exhausted the options for support.
Promoting excellence makes it clear that students must not progress if they fail to meet the required learning outcomes for graduates. In these cases, medical schools are required to give advice on alternative career options, including pathways to gain a qualification if this is appropriate. Doctors in training who are not able to complete their training pathway should also be given career advice (R3.16).
Panel 7: Is there any type of support for a student that is not compatible with clinical practice in the future?
Medical schools must make reasonable adjustments for students with a disability to allow them to demonstrate they have achieved the Outcomes for graduates.
There may be times where an adjustment is both unreasonable on a course of study and in the workplace. If a certain level of support or an adjustment may not be available in a specific workplace environment, it does not necessarily mean that a medical school is not obliged to provide it. Ultimately, decisions on reasonable adjustments are matters for medical schools to be taken on the facts of the particular case.
When considering support for a student, the key thing to consider is whether providing a particular form of support or reasonable adjustment would enable a student to demonstrate a relevant competence standard - in this case the Outcomes for graduates. We recommend this approach because:
- Outcomes for graduates is an objective set of criteria which every medical student needs to demonstrate, developed with a range of experts in medical education
- there is a risk of making subjective judgments about the student's future abilities as a doctor and the setting where they will practice
- clinical environments vary hugely, and postgraduate educators are responsible for allocating a doctor in training appropriately. This includes finding a post where appropriate support will be available
It cannot be predicted how someone's health condition or disability will affect them in the future.


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TWI Industrial Member Report Summary 654/1998
G J Carter
Exposure to welding fume must be controlled within limits laid down by regulations. Compliance with the regulations is verified by measuring exposure using standard procedures. The most accurate exposure measurements involve both a gravimetric analysis of the fume collected on a sampler placed in the breathing zone and a chemical analysis. They are therefore expensive to perform, prohibitively so in some cases. To reduce the costs and increase the probability that exposure measurement is carried out, it has become acceptable, at least in the UK, to perform the gravimetric analysis and presume the analysis of the fume sample collected to be that composition supplied on the consumable manufacturer's safety datasheet. Costs could be further reduced if it were possible to estimate the gravimetric measurement for a given work situation, with sufficient accuracy to identify directly any requirements for fume control.
In the present work, factors expected to influence both the amount of fume generated and the duration of exposure during welding were identified. These were then evaluated in work situations with the ultimate aim of making accurate estimation of exposure without undertaking gravimetric analysis.
- To evaluate the relative effects of factors affecting exposure to welding fume.
- To predict exposure with sufficient accuracy to perform risk assessment.


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Santander is the largest Spanish bank and is the bank with the highest market value in the Eurozone. Part of their vision is to win customer's trust. Unhappy customers are known to switch loyalty, the bank wants to identify customers who are thinking of leaving so they can take necessary initiatives to retain them. In this paper, with the given data (from Kaggle) of hundreds of anonymized features we predicted the customers, the bank might be in danger of losing. We used the classification models Random Forest, R-part, Gradient Boosting Model and Extreme Gradient boosting model to predict the unhappy customers.
Satisfaction classification: X-g boost, GBM, R-Part and Random forest,Banking industry,Data mining.
The Kaggle competition we have chosen for our project is 'Santander Customer Satisfaction'. Santander wants to identify dissatisfied customers at early stages of the banking life cycle which will help them to take proactive measures to improve customer satisfaction and prevent the customers from leaving.
The Evaluation for the competition is based on, 'area under the ROC curve', between the predicted probability and the observed target. We have built three models using the algorithms, Random Forest, R-part and XGBoost.We have made a prediction of probability for the TARGET variable for each ID in the test data set using the models and uploaded the results as a submission file on Kaggle. This is a currently active competition and our best submission has us currently placed 964 out of 3600 entries, which is roughly the top 26th percentile.
In this section we have given a brief summary of the models we have used.
2.1 Random Forest: A random forest starts as a simple machine learning algorithm known as a "decision tree". The decision tree works by dividing the data set into smaller and smaller data sets which helps to identify patterns, which in turn helps with the prediction. Random forest uses ensemble techniques where by several weak learners come together as a strong learner. In other words several trees are combined giving better predictive results
2.2 Recursive partitioning algorithm (r-part): R-part tree was developed from the ideas of CART (Classification and Regression Trees).Rpart is used to build classification or regression models in a two stage process and the resulting output can be represented as binary trees. In this step-by-step process a decision tree is constructed by either splitting or not splitting each node on the tree into two daughter nodes. The splitting of the nodes is carried on until no improvement to the results can be made.
2.3 Gradient Boosting Model (GBM): GBM is a predictive modeling algorithm that can be used for problems related to both classification and regression. We have used the classification aspect of GBM which uses decision trees as a foundation. Every successive tree is based on the prediction residuals of the previous tree. Using Boosted algorithms are efficient when dealing with large data sets, the model algorithmically combines several weak models and it is 'gradient boosted' for better accuracy. The Adaboost exponential loss function for 0's and 1's has been used for the GBM in our study.
2.4. Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost): XGBoost is a very powerful boosting algorithm. It is known for its speed and accurate predictive power. XGBoost manages only numeric vectors which is characteristic of the Santander dataset. The algorithm works by creating a large number of trees which combines to form a highly predictive model. The key to the performance of the model lies in choosing the right parameters.
3. Related Work
There are many machine learning algorithms in data mining. To get an understanding of which algorithms will work best for this Kaggle problem, we looked at research papers that could give us a direction.
In project of Sales Forecasting for Retail Chains (Jain, A., Menon, M.N. and Chandra, S, n.d.), they performed prediction using Random Forest Regression, Linear Regression and XGBoost. The analysis has been done to identify patterns and outliers which would increase the ranking of the prediction algorithm. Our focus is also to get good prediction. We use Random Forest and XGBoost to identify the patterns and remove the variables which does not add value to the prediction.
Another work that we found with relevant information was, 'Handling Class Imbalance in customer churn prediction (J Burez, D van den Poel, 2009)'. Even the title is about churn prediction; we get the idea of the using of gradient boosting and weighted random forest. They analyzed using ROC graph to assess the accuracy of classifier and evaluated using evaluation metrics (AUC) which was helping to increase in performance over standard techniques without sampling. This is what we need in our project. But we have not used Lift as they did in their project because it helped them to analyze the accuracy in marketing practice.
4. Methods and Tools
The purpose of this competition is to identify the unhappy customers in the bank. The prediction of unhappy customers can be approached by using classification models in data mining. For this work, we used the R programming language for data analysis, understanding and preparation of models to build the decision trees. For some of the data visualization, Python generates good quality of plots and submitted the predicted values in Kaggle. An analysis was carried out comparing the following algorithms: Random Forest, R Part, Gradient Boost and XGBoost. From these techniques, the one that suited better is XGBoost
4.1 Business Understanding and Data Understanding:
The main goal of this competition is to predict the unhappy customers as early as possible and convincing them to stay in business with Bank. The Bank provided a train dataset of 371 anonymized variables in 76020 observations and test data set of 370 variables in 75818 observations. The training dataset provided an indicator of customer satisfaction called TARGET. The model has to be tuned to predict the customer satisfaction from a test dataset where the satisfaction indicator is not provided. The dataset contains 370 anonymized variables with numeric values.
There is no information on the variables provided by the bank and it is in Spanish. We are not sure which variables are categorical and which are continuous. From the first look of the dataset, there are many columns with the same constant values for all the observations. Some of the variable names are similar to other variables names and it does not add value to prediction process. The data in Target variable denotes "0" for happy customers and "1" for unhappy customer and it is highly imbalanced by group. There are 73,012 satisfied customers and 3008 unsatisfied customers. The class distribution between two groups are 0.96 for '0' and 0.4 for '1'.
4.2 Data Preparation:
The train data contains unique ID and TARGET variable. The test data contains only unique ID. The ID and TARGET variable is assigned to a buffer variable and is taken off from the train and test data as part of the data cleaning process. The number of counts in a row with value 0 on it and append it to the train and test data-frame. The value of each row is same in one column, then remove it. It will not give enough information about the data. A new vector would be created that have identical column names and values of train and test data as elements. Set difference function would be used to discard the elements of new vector from train and test data. All the data clean-up process is finished and append the TARGET variable to train data from buffer variables.
5. Principal Component Analysis
A Principal Components Analysis of the train data set was done. Figure 1 shows the number of principal components. The first 2 components when plotted for the target variable gave a split of the happy and unhappy customers represented by 0 and 1 respectively, shown in Figure 2. A plot for the same in Python is shown in Figure 3 for comparison.
The implementation phase is focused on getting the models to translate business goals through the application of data mining techniques. The modelling was done in R- Studio 3.2.4. R – Studio is an integrated environment for data mining, machine learning, predictive and business analysis. In this prediction, we employed four different models in classification and compare the performance between them.
6.1 Random Forest Model
First we have taken the simple regression model using random forest. We were able to run this model by including the R caret package, random forest package to build the model and plyr package for extracting the tools for splitting, applying and combining data. The e-1071 package for applying the statistics, probability theory group to get the confusion matrix. In this model, we have combined the train and test data with rbind function. The combined datasets may have variables with no predictive values can be removed by checking with nearZeroVar function. Then we split the train and test data to predict the TARGET. We build an unbalanced random forest model of 100 tree samples and mtry = 10. It took a bit long to finish off the process to build the model. We could not get effective results from this model.
6.2 Recursive Partitioning (RPart) Tree:
To build this model, we checked the imbalance of data available in TARGET variable in train data by using table (dataframe$TARGET) function in R. The frequency of class distribution is checked by using prop.table (table (dataframe$TARGET). The results show 96% of satisfied customer and only 4% of unsatisfied customer. As we have an imbalanced data, some of our studies gave us an input of using the Recursive Partitioning tree. This algorithm can be used to model classification and regression tree. The R-part tree can be run by including the rpart package in R. The There is no further data clean up required to build this model. We build the model after data preparation. The process to build the


text:
Washington, DC Weather
Washington, DC climate is warm during summer when temperatures tend to be in the 70's and very cold during winter when temperatures tend to be in the 30's.
The warmest month of the year is July with an average maximum temperature of 88.30 degrees Fahrenheit, while the coldest month of the year is January with an average minimum temperature of 27.30 degrees Fahrenheit.
Temperature variations between night and day tend to be fairly limited during summer with a difference that can reach 18 degrees Fahrenheit, and fairly limited during winter with an average difference of 16 degrees Fahrenheit.
The annual average precipitation at Washington is 39.35 Inches. Rainfall in is fairly evenly distributed throughout the year. The wettest month of the year is May with an average rainfall of 3.82 Inches.
Moon, Sunrise and Sunset
|Moon Phase: Waning Gibbous Moon||Civil Twilight:
5:16 AM EDT
5:47 AM EDT
8:22 PM EDT
8:53 PM EDT


text:
Space Foundation Delivers STEM Education Training for Early Childhood Teachers
COLORADO SPRINGS, Colo. (Jun. 22, 2010) -- The Space Foundation is helping early childhood teachers develop activities to interest very young children in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). The 25 teachers enrolled in this week's Space Foundation class "PreK-2 Early Childhood Space Exploration," are learning age-appropriate, hands-on activities they can immediately use with their students.
The class resulted from a new partnership between the Space Foundation and Colorado State University (CSU) - Pueblo, and is held on the CSU - Pueblo campus. Focusing on space and science education for young learners, the PreK-2 course provides early childhood educators the necessary tools to inspire very young children through inquiry-based learning. Young children are naturally curious about the world around them, and teachers can use that curiosity to encourage a lasting interest in STEM subjects.
For more about Space Foundation education programs, click here.
Pictured: Teachers enrolled in the Space Foundation class "PreK-2 Early Childhood Space Exploration," at CSU - Pueblo are learning science lessons to take back to their classrooms. In this lesson, the teachers position objects on special paper then place the paper in sunlight. Shadows emerge where the objects are placed, illustrating how the Sun's light can travel through some objects, and not through others.


Given that smoking weed is now considered legal in most U.S. states (and all eventually), it is inevitable that you will get to try marijuana at some point. If it is your first time smoking it, you have to understand how it affects your body and your consciousness so you know what to expect.
The experience is different per person and not everybody will feel light-headed immediately and start tripping. Others fall asleep and some feel cravings for certain types of food. Here are some important pieces of advice that all first-time marijuana smokers should know.
1. Don't smoke alone
The effect of weed will not immediately manifest and the buzz can take a while for some people. If they don't make you feel too calm and sleepy, they might alter your behavior and disable you from giving a proper assessment of the things around you. Don't try it alone, especially if it's your first time because you never know what its effects are going to be on your body.
2. Drink water before starting
Pot can make your mouth extremely dry, especially if it's your first time or you're not used to smoking. Most people drink several glasses of water after taking puffs.
3. Remember to inhale
The "high" won't happen if you don't breathe the smoke in. When you smoke marijuana the right way, you can get its benefits fully, which is the point of trying it out in the first place.
4. Prepare to not get high
Again, the effects differ per person, so don't expect to get that euphoric and heady feeling on your first time right away. It might take a few tries for your body to appreciate its effects and for you to start reaping its goodness.
5. Hydrate, hydrate, hydrate
Hydrate before, during and after. We cannot stress enough how important water is to the entire process. Otherwise, you'll end up looking dry and wilted after a solid session.
6. Clear your schedule
Be sure you have no appointments after or don't have to go anywhere else. Clear your schedule and make a point to stay home after a puff session.
7. Have a food delivery service's contact details on hand
Food cravings are a common side effect or marijuana smoking, so better to have a delivery service or app that you can access right away. Don't try to get out of the house and buy the food yourself. The effects of marijuana smoking are lasting, and you don't want to risk getting into an accident by stepping out.
8. Never smoke with questionable people
This applies to anything you do, actually, not just smoking marijuana. But if you're going to try it out for the first time, best to have people you trust around you and whom you are confident will know what to do in case of an emergency. Also, the general rule is if you don't see the weed packed or rolled, you better not take the risk of smoking it.
Woman Smoking Weed Smoking marijuana has become more widespread after its legalization in a number of states. Photo: Getty Images/Lars Hagberg/AFP


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Making Good Habits
So you're ready to make your wearable and you are going to start sewing with conductive thread, that's great! But you need to make sure you have these things done before getting to that point:
 - Pick the right Conductive Thread
 - Draw out the circuit and triple check the orientation of each component.
 - Test your hardware and software before sewing them into a circuit that's difficult to correct.
 - Do not cross threads in a circuit unless you take protective measures - crosses will create a short.
Conductive threads
There are several different conductive threads, but the main two types in textile projects are silver-coated nylon, and stainless steel thread made entirely of stainless steel.
Silver-Coated Nylon
Silver-coated nylon has a base of nylon, so it is most like regular thread when hand sewing the conducitve thread.
 - Easy to work with due to flexible nylon core
 - Cannot be soldered - the nylon base will not survive
 - Varying amounts of resistance in different silver threads so this will need to be checked
Stainless Steel Thread
Stainless Steed thread is spun out of real steel fibers.
 - Reliably low resistances
 - Can be soldered
 - The steel fibers grab onto fabric easily, so there is some skill involved to keep it untangled
Draw Out Connections Before Sewing
Once you start a project that has more than one or two components, drawing out your circuits becomes especially important. You can use these steps to draw it out:
 1. Lay out all the parts you're going to use on a blank piece of paper.
 2. Do any research you need in order to determine which pins should be connected.
 3. Draw the connections in the best way to minimize any crossing threads so that you have a guide to follow while you sew the components.
If you are using two different sides of fabric, (ie. a shirt with LEDs on the front, and the processor concealed on the other side of the fabric) make sure when you draw out your circuit that all components are oriented in the way they will be sewed.
I recently thought myself bulletproof with a wearable. I followed the golden rule of testing my program with hardware that I use for testing, and put brand new components into a circuit that was made with love, needle pricks, and a lot of time. I took extra time with every stitch to conceal my hardware and make everything look seamless, and did not test anything until every stitch was completed. When I went to upload my program, nothing worked and I had to trace back through my circuit and undo stitches and components until I was back to a working condition.
Always test the exact hardware that's going into your project so you don't end up getting frustrated and ditching your project! As you build your projects, try to plan simple tests along the way to get progress updates so you know when and where issues are if they occur. For example, if you are using 10 RGB LEDs in your project, test after each one is sewn into the circuit so you know if there are any shorts or other problems.
Get cables to simulate your threaded connections, and test test test.
Crossing Stitches without Shorts!
If you come to a point where you still have crossing stitches, there is a safe workaround.
 1. Make all the stitches necessary for the first thread.
 2. Find a spare piece of fabric.
 3. Sew the spare fabric on top of the first thread using regular thread that is not conductive. Make sure to note where the bottom fabric is mentally or by drawing it on the extra fabric.
 4. Keeping in mind where the first thread is sewn, sew the second thread on top of the extra fabric that is protecting the first thread.
Ta-da! Now you can build any circuit without worrying about shorts from unavoidable thread crossings!
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text: Transnational tobacco manufacturing and tobacco leaf companies engage in numerous efforts to oppose global tobacco control. One of their strategies is to stress the economic importance of tobacco to the developing countries that grow it. We analyze tobacco industry documents and ethnographic data to show how tobacco companies used this argument in the case of Malawi, producing and disseminating reports promoting claims of losses of jobs and foreign earnings that would result from the impending passage of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). In addition, they influenced the government of Malawi to introduce resolutions or make amendments to tobacco-related resolutions in meetings of United Nations organizations, succeeding in temporarily displacing health as the focus in tobacco control policymaking. However, these efforts did not substantially weaken the FCTC.


text:
Ireland says NO to 5G!
Petition to: The President of Ireland, The Honourable Michael D Higgins,
Taoiseach Michael Martin,
Minister for Communications, Climate Action and Environment, Éamon Ryan,
Minister for Health, Stephen Donnelly,
Minister for Education and Skills, Norma Foley, Minister for Business,
Enterprise and Innovation, Leo Varadkar,
Minister for Children, Disability, Equality and Integration Roderic O'Gorman,
Minister of State with Special Responsibility for Trade, Employment, Business, EU Digital Single Market and Data Protection,
Minister of State for Higher Education Simon Harris,
Minister of State for Communications, Climate Action and Environment, Éamon Ryan.
We, the undersigned people of Ireland and other supporters, are putting the Rialtas na hÉireann (Government of Ireland), and other decision-makers, on notice to NOT allow the roll-out of 5G (Fifth Generation) until further research has been done to establish the long term harmful and dangerous effects on our health from Electro Magnetic Frequencies, (EMF.)
The Irish Constitution, BUNREACHT NA hÉIREANN protects our fundamental rights as citizens of Ireland. In a landmark decision, in November 2017, Mr Justice Barrett said:
"A right to an environment that is consistent with the human dignity and well-being of citizens at large is an essential condition for the fulfilment of all human rights. It is an indispensable existential right that is enjoyed universally, yet which is vested personally as a right that presents and can be seen always to have presented, and to enjoy protection, under Article 40.3.1 of the Constitution. It is not so utopian a right that it can never be enforced."
The Council Of Europe in the Parliamentary Assembly in 2009, under the heading: Environment and Health: Better Prevention of EnvironmentRelated Health Hazards had this to say:
"Environment-related pathologies are not confined to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases or specific types of cancer but include other chronic and emerging pathologies such as immune system impairment, neurological and neurodegenerative illnesses and disruptions of the hormonal and reproductive system".
A global co-ordinated turnon is expected to go ahead, according to the European Union Commission website, on June 28th, 2020. (see links below)
Despite the European Parliament stating in a directive in 1999 that the 5G roll-out would be delayed until further research was done, the European Union Commission has decided to disregard all scientific evidence from 180 scientists, from 36 countries!
"We, the undersigned scientists, recommend a moratorium on the roll-out of the fifth generation, 5G, for telecommunication until potential hazards for human health and the environment have been fully investigated by scientists independent from industry. 5G will substantially increase exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) on top of the 2G, 3G, 4G, Wi-Fi etc. for telecommunications already in place. RF-EMF has been proven to be harmful for humans and the environment."
They have instead decided to give a mandate to a 13- member non-profit private group, the ICNIRP, and the SCENIHR, to decide on the RF radiation guidelines. This, despite these two small organisations denying the existence of sound scientific published reports on the related risks of RF radiation. For those of you who are unaware of the dangers to you, your children, your parent's and everyone else's health, please read the following.
According to some scientists, EMFs can affect your body's nervous system function and cause damage to cells. Cancer and unusual growths may be one symptom of very high EMF exposure. Other symptoms may include:
- sleep disturbances, including insomnia
- depression and depressive symptoms
- tiredness and fatigue • dysesthesia (a painful, often itchy sensation)
- lack of concentration
- changes in memory
- loss of appetite and weight loss
- restlessness and anxiety
- skin burning and tingling
- changes in an electroencephalogram (which measures electrical activity in the brain)
Researchers found that people exposed to high levels of EMF for years at a time showed an increased risk of a certain type of leukemia in adults. European scientists also uncovered an apparent link between EMF and Leukemia in children. But they say that monitoring of EMF is lacking, so they're not able to draw any certain conclusions from their work, and more research and better monitoring is needed. A review of more than two dozen studies on low-frequency EMFs suggests these energy fields may cause various neurological and psychiatric problems in people. This study. Trusted Source found a link between EMF exposure and changes in human nerve function throughout the body, affecting things like sleep and mood. While electrical and electromagnetic fields in certain frequency bands have beneficial effects when applied in medicine, other non-ionising frequencies, be they sourced from extremely low frequencies, power lines or certain high-frequency waves used in the fields of radar, telecommunications and mobile telephony, appear to have more or less potentially harmful, non-thermal, biological effects on plants, insects and animals, as well as the human body when exposed to levels that are below the official threshold values.
The potential health effects of the very low frequency of electromagnetic fields surrounding power lines and electrical devices are the subject of ongoing research and a significant amount of public debate. In the past we waited for scientific and clinical proof with regards to asbestos, leaded petrol and tobacco and people were dying from the effects of these substances. We cannot wait for the same with regards to 5G. The high health and economic costs that might only manifest in the future, force us to insist, that until there is sufficient evidence that 5G is safe for humans, we demand that the 5G roll-out is halted. Scientists do not know enough about the effects of EMF exposure on human health therefore, more research must be done for citizens to be better informed.
Treating Multiple Chemical Sensitivities – Naturopathic ndnr.com/detoxification-medicine/treating-multiple-chemical-sensitivities/
PACE - Doc. 12608 (2011) - The potential dangers of assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/Xref-DocDetails-EN.asp?FileID=13137 EMF Exposure: Danger Levels, Symptoms, Protection, and More.
_URL_ 5G: European scientists warn of health risks (video) _URL_-scientists-warn-of-health-risks-video/
Sign this petition now!
Petition to: The President of Ireland - The Honourable Michael D Higgins - An Taoiseach Leo Varadkar - and 20 others


text:
This is a clicker training video on how to teach your dog to cross their paws. If you don't have a clicker you can always use some other noise maker like a clicking pen, or just a word like "yes!"
There are many ways to teach this behavior. Another being, holding out your hand and asking the dog to "Shake" and then whipping your hand away so that the dogs foot lands on top of the other foot. There is also another way, where the trainer can lure the dog to the left or right when they are in the down position and the dog will naturally cross their paws to reach the treat, which you can use your clicker to capture.
Some dogs are easier than others! Kiko with her match stick legs (who NEVER crosses her paws hardly ever) was a challenge!
Also pay attention to the way your dogs hips are laying. If they lay with their hips to one side, then it might be easier for them to cross their paws in one direction better than the other. If they are lying like a lion then they will be able to cross both ways with the same ease.


text:
In this course, we will introduce you to all the ways Amateur Radio operators are using digital technology as a valuable emergency communications tool. The topics discussed during the course include:
We'll help you answer questions such as:
Can you transfer supply lists or personnel assignments between emergency operations sites?
Can you get critical e-mails to the Internet if a connection goes down?
Can you relay digital images of damage at specific locations?
Can you track the locations of emergency personnel and display them on computer maps?
Illustrations, screenshots, Internet links and audio files are used to demonstrate transmission modes and equipment configurations. Bite-sized learning units and interactive knowledge checks make learning interesting and fun!
System Requirements (minimum) – Microsoft Windows® Vista/XP/2000/NT/98/95 or Apple OS X, 200 MHz processor, 32 MB RAM, sound card and speakers, 4-speed CD-ROM drive or higher. Requires Web browser; Microsoft Internet Explorer™ 6.0, Mozilla Firefox 2.0, Apple Safari 3.0—or later versions. Some documents require Adobe® Acrobat® Reader®.
Also available: ARRL's HF Digital Handbook
See supplemental material and product support for The ARRL Digital Technology for Emergency Communications Course.
Self-study. CD-ROM, version 1.1. © 2008, The American Radio Relay League, Inc.


text:
POPCORN SAFETY TIPS
- When selling popcorn in your neighborhood always have an adult or buddy with you.
- Never enter a stranger's house without an adult.
- Keep checks and cash in a separate envelope with your name on it.
- Always walk on the sidewalk whenever possible.
- Never sell at night.
- Always be courteous.
POPCORN SALES TIPS
Ten ways to make a popcorn sale.
- Ask your parent to be the first to buy popcorn.
- Ask your relatives to buy popcorn. (Married brothers and sisters)
- Ask your neighbors to buy popcorn.
- Ask the parents of your friends (not in Scouts) to buy popcorn.
- Take a popcorn order form to your place of worship and ask people to buy popcorn during coffee/fellowship hour (get permission first).
- Ask your parents if they can take a popcorn order form to work and ask their co-workers to buy popcorn.(They may need to get permission first.)
- Ask your patrol or den to schedule a "Super Sale Day". This is a day when your fellow Scouts select a neighborhood and go door-to-door as a group to ask people to buy popcorn.
- Ask a parent or fellow Scout to go door-to-door with you in your neighborhood to ask people to buy popcorn.
- Ask your parents or relatives if they give out gifts during the holiday season. If yes, ask them to consider giving out popcorn (in a tin decorated for the holidays) as a holiday gift.
- ALWAYS WEAR YOUR UNIFORM!
Customer Check List
- Religious Friends
- Area businesses
- Married Brothers & Sisters
- Parent's Work
- Unit Leaders
Don't forget last year's customers. Make sure you kept your sales form from last year and ask each of them to buy again.
Have a parent in your pack or troop that owns his/her own business? Do they send Christmas gifts to employees/customers? Ask them to send popcorn this year.


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this question might be very simple, but I do not find a good way to solve it: I have a dataset with many subgroups which need to be analysed all-together and on their own. Therefore, I want to use subsets for the groups and use them for the later analysis. As well, the defintion of the subsets as the analysis should be partly done with loops in order to save space and to ensure that the same analysis has been done with all subgroups.
Here is an example of my code using an example dataframe from the boot package:
for (i in length(qlist)) {
 paste("aids.sub.",qlist[i],sep="") <- subset(aids, quarter==qlist[i])
The variable which contains the subgroups in my dataset is stored as a string, therefore I added the qlist part which would be not required otherwise.
share|improve this question
1 Answer 1
up vote 5 down vote accepted
Make a list of the subsets with lapply:
lapply(qlist, function(x) subset(aids, quarter==x))
Equivalently, avoiding the subset():
lapply(qlist, function(x) aids[aids$quarter==x,])
It is likely the case that using a list will make the subsequent code easier to write and understand. You can subset the list to get a single data frame (just as you can use one of the subsets, as created below). But you can also iterate over it (using for or lapply) without having to construct variable names.
To do the job as you are asking, use assign:
for (i in qlist) {
 assign(paste("aids.sub.",i,sep=""), subset(aids, quarter==i))
Note the removal of the length() function, and that this is iterating directly over qlist.
share|improve this answer
Is there a way, I can store those lists as dataframes with standardized names such as aids.sub1 to aids.sub4? I have more than 300,000 obs. which cannot even be all printed on screen. – user1870829 Dec 9 '12 at 21:02
You can, but you probably should not. I'll edit the answer to show how. – Matthew Lundberg Dec 9 '12 at 21:10
Great, thank you for the quick help! – user1870829 Dec 9 '12 at 21:17
_USER_ you can name the lists. You can access them by object$name and it won't clutter your workspace with "useless" variables. – Roman Luštrik Dec 9 '12 at 22:05
Your Answer


text:
.g., a steel, carbon, graphite, lead, stainless steel,titanium or other insoluble cathode) that is also immersed in the chromic acid solution. Typically, a current density of from about 1 to about 100 amps per square foot may be used during the anodic treatment. In general, higher chromic acidconcentrations provide higher electrolyte conductivity whereby a desired anodic treatment may be achieved at a lower DC voltage and/or in less time. In general, concentrations below about 1 ounce of H2CrO.sub.4 per gallon of chromic acid solutionare not conducive to achieving the desired surface treatment in a reasonable period of time. However, a concentration of H2CrO.sub.4 in excess of 50 ounces per gallon of chromic acid solution results in relatively uneconomical amounts ofH2CrO.sub.4 being carried from the solution and lost when the chrome substrate is removed from the chromic acid solution and rinsed. The chromic acid solution used during anodic treatment is typically maintained at a temperature from about ambient(e.g., 20° C.) to about 95° C. during application of current to the chrome substrate. Depending on conditions used during the anodic treatment (e.g., chromic acid concentration, temperature, current density etc.) a DC current istypically applied for a period of from about 0.5 seconds to about 10 minutes. The DC current may be applied continuously or as a pulsating DC current, or the current may be ramped up. Various other voltage profiles (e.g., voltage versus time) may alsobe used. Typically, the cathode to anode surface area ratio is from about 1:50 to about 10:1 during the anodic treatment, and more preferably from about 1:5 to about 1:1.
After the anodic treatment, the chrome substrate is removed from the acid solution and rinsed with water. It is desirable that the rinse water is sterile (free of living microorganisms) and relatively free of impurities such as calcium,potassium, silicon and iron salts, etc. Water that is suitable for rinsing the chrome substrate after the chrome substrate has been removed from the acid solution include distilled water, carbon filtered deionized water, carbon filtered reverse osmosiswater, boiled deionized water, boiled tap water, ultraviolet light sterilized water, carbonated deionized water, and combinations thereof. Carbon filtered water is water that has been passed through a mass of activated carbon particles that adsorborganic materials. Reverse osmosis water is water that has been purified by applying a pressure to water that is sufficient to overcome the osmotic pressure and cause purified water to flow through a semi-permeable membrane.
In order to further enhance adhesion between the treated chrome surface and a subsequently applied polymer coating composition, a silane adhesion promoter may be applied to the chrome substrate. A silane treatment is highly preferred when aclear coating or a tinted coating is subsequently applied to the chrome surface. Traditionally, it has been especially difficult to achieve good adhesion between a chrome surface and a clear or tinted polymer coating. Opaque coatings containinginorganic pigments generally adhere well to the acid treated (modified) chrome surfaces without a silane treatment. However, even with opaque coatings, a silane treatment may be used to further enhance adhesion between the chrome and the coating. Thiscan be achieved by spraying, dipping, or otherwise suitably contacting the chrome surface with a silane solution containing one or more silane compounds.
Preferred silane compounds include those having two or more hydrolyzable functional groups and at least one functional group selected from vinyl, methacryloxy, epoxy, amino, thiol, polysulfide, ureido and isocyanato. Specific examples of silanecompounds that may be utilized to promote adhesion between the treated chrome surface and a subsequently applied polymeric coating include vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyl-tris-(2-methoxyethoxy)silane, vinylmethyldimethoxysilane,gamma-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxy silane, beta-(3,4-ethoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane, gamma-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, gamma-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, bis-(3-[triethoxy silyl]-propyl)-tetrasulfane, gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane,gamma-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-beta-(aminoethyl)-gamma-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, bis-(gamma-trimethoxysilylpropyl)amine, N-phenyl-gamma-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-beta-(aminoethyl)-gamma-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane,gamma-ureidopropyltrimethoxysilane, gamma-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane, vinyltriacetoxy silane, 3-glycidyloxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane and 3-glycidyloxypropyl-triethoxysilane. Various combinations of silane compounds may also be used. Theconcentration of the silane compound or compounds in the silane solution is typically from about 0.05% to about 10% by weight of the solution.
An acid may be added to the silane solution to enhance stability and pot life of the silane solution. Desirably, the pH of the silane solution is adjusted from about 3 to about 10, depending on the silane compound or compounds in the solution. For example, a silane solution containing gamma-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane is preferably adjusted to a pH of from about 3.5 to about 4.5. The pH of the silane solution may be adjusted using either an acid or base, depending on the starting pH andthe desired final pH. Examples of suitable inorganic acids include hydrofluoric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, Lewis acids and combinations of two or more of these acids. Examples of suitableorganic acids include acetic acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, mandelic acid, fumaric acid, malonic acid, pyruvic acid, oxalic acid, glycolic acid, salicylic acid, a pyranosidyl acid, an alpha-hydroxy acid, an amino acid, an aromatic acid, a sulfonicacid, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, lactic acid, and a combination of two or more of these acids. Combinations of organic and inorganic acids may also be used. Examples of bases include alkali metal hydroxidessuch as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide. Contacting of the treated chrome surface with the silane solution is normally conducted at ambient temperature (e.g., typically from about 15° C. to about 25 or 30° C.). A suitablecontact time between the treated chrome surface and the silane solution is from about 1 second to about 30 minutes.
After contact between the treated chrome substrate and the silane, the chrome substrate is dried. This can be achieved by simply allowing the chrome substrate to air dry under ambient conditions. Alternatively, the chrome substrate may be driedwith heated air and/or forced convection, e.g., by causing heated air to flow over or around the chrome substrate. Depending on the conditions that are utilized, drying will typically be achieved in a period of from about 5 seconds to about 2 hours.
The polymer coating composition contains at least one film-forming polymer or prepolymer. Film-forming polymers and/or prepolymers include those polymers that are normally regarded as film-forming polymers in paints and other coatingcompositions. Alternatively, film-forming polymers are those polymers which are capable of curing (crosslinking) and/or coalescing upon application to a substrate to form a continuous layer of material that is highly impermeable to liquids, especiallywater.
Examples of suitable compatible, film-forming polymers include generally any polymer useful in coating compositions, including acrylic addition polymers of one or more allyl esters of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid monomers, optionallycopolymerized with one or more other ethylenically unsaturated monomers (e.g., vinyl monomers, allylic monomers, acrylic monomers, and the like). Other suitable film-forming polymers include urethane resins, melamine resins, polyester resins, epoxyresins, alkyd resins, and combinations of these resins, as well as various hydroxyl, carboxyl, styrene and/or vinyl modified resins. The film-forming polymers may be curable compositions, i.e., thermosettable compositions, or thermoplastic compositions,e.g., lacquers. Examples of film-forming prepolymers include one and two part compositions that contain polyols and polyisocyanates that react in situ to form polyurethanes, one and two part compositions, containing polyamines and polyisocyanates thatreact to form polyureas, and the like.
The polymer coating composition may be applied as a liquid or as a powder (i.e., a powder coating composition). The polymer coating composition may also be


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LeechBlock is a simple productivity tool designed to block those time-wasting sites that can suck the life out of your working day. (You know: the ones that rhyme with 'Blue Cube', 'Hash Pot', 'Sticky Media', and the like.) All you need to do is specify which sites to block, between which time periods, and on which days of the week. You can specify up to four sets of sites to block, with different times and days for each set. You can even set a password for access to the extension options, just to slow you down in moments of weakness!In other words, LeechBlock is voluntary self-control software that you can use as a complement or substitute for internal willpower. The existence of devices like this – as well as other personal strategies such as banning potato chips from the house and committing in advance to having income deposited in an IRA – is sometimes cited by behavioral economists as evidence of imperfect rationality. And indeed they are. It doesn't make sense for a rational person to deliberately reduce his own options, and even pay a price to do so, when he could simply ignore the unwanted options later.
But while strategies like these are evidence of imperfect rationality, they are simultaneously evidence of the solution. People have at least some awareness of their own weaknesses, and they take actions to mitigate them. It is even possible to overcorrect oneself; we all know people whose rigid personal rules prevent them from having spontaneous fun, for instance. This is one reason why the leap from behavioral economics to paternalistic policies is a non sequitur: paternalism is unnecessary to the extent that people correct themselves.
Of course, not all people correct themselves, and those who do may not do so optimally. But the reality of self-correction erases the presumption that paternalist policies will even push people in the right direction at the margin. Some people will have corrected optimally, others undercorrected, and others overcorrected. An effective paternalist policy would have to account for (among many other things) the extent and distribution of self-correction efforts in real-world contexts. Experimental results showing cognitive biases in laboratory contexts cannot provide that kind of information.


Dapiica: Locatives and Aspiration
Posted on July 23, 2017
Tags: dapiica
Aspiration, for my non-linguist readers, is a phonetic feature of consonants - you breathe out a puff of air as you pronounce the sound. In English, this isn't phonemic - English speakers consider [pʰ] (aspirated p) and [p] to be the same sound. You can hear the difference if you pronounce "percent" [pʰeːsɛnt] and then "super" [sʉpə].
Allophones like this always occur in predictable ways - in English, /p/ is pronounced [pʰ] at the start of a word, and [p] elsewhere.
Thus far, I've been considering them to be allophonic in dapiica as well, but what I haven't decided is where a sound is aspirated, and where it's not.
In English, we have prepositions and Prepositional Phrases. For example, in the phrase "she's at the potionmaker's home", at the potionmaker's home is a Prepositional Phrase, indicating where she is. at is the preposition, and is called a preposition becuase it comes before the position.
In Dapiica, we have circumpositions - instead of being before the position, they surround the position.
Since they are attached to roots instead of existing as seperate words, linguists prefer to call these "Locatives" [citation needed].
The first locative to talk about is the "at" locative (also known as "the Locative", somewhat confusingly):
ŋiiŋ dinadacaʃtip'aβguβiʃdonoba
ŋii -ŋ dinada- caʃti- p'a -β -guβiʃ -don -oba
"They are at the potionmaker's home"
As you can see, it can get a bit lengthy!
For more details, check out the prepositions section on the dapiica page.


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3. Damage to the reinforcement layer
(1) The hose is cracked. The braided wire near the crack is rusty. If the hose breaks, peel off the outer rubber layer to find the broken surrounding the braiding, winding wire rust, mainly due to the external rubber layer wet or corrosive substances, so that the strength of the hose reduced, resulting in a rupture at high pressure. When this happens, it is usually accompanied by external fracture, wear or severe deterioration, which causes the outer adhesive layer to lose its protective effect on the reinforcing layer. At this point, external factors such as mechanical damage, chemical corrosion and high temperature baking of the outer adhesive layer need to be checked and eliminated before the hoses are replaced. However, there are also cases where the outer rubber layer remains good but the reinforcing layer is rusty and ruptured. Damaged mouth is usually within 200mm of the hose connector, most of the reason is because the connector is not qualified, because the moisture into the inner edge of the outer sheath, so the reinforcement layer absorbs moisture and causes rust, resulting in soft strength and rupture.
(2) The hose reinforcement layer is not rusty. However, there is an irregular wire break phenomenon, if the hose breaks, peel off the outer glue layer, found that the reinforcement layer is not rusty. However, the length direction of the enhanced layer appears irregularly broken. The main reason is that the hose is affected by high-frequency impact. There are many intersections between the braided reinforced wire and the wire. When the pressure in the tube changes greatly, these intersections also change with the diameter of the tube, causing the wires to rub against each other. If the hose is subjected to high-frequency impact pressure, the intersection will experience frequent friction, resulting in a broken wire. For hoses that are often subjected to high-frequency shocks, a wire-wounded skeleton should be used as an enhanced layer.


Attractiveness and gene-mixing
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Attractiveness and gene-mixing
Category : Uncategorized
Attractiveness and gene-mixing
It normally feasible that both red locks and freckled epidermis are regarded as less attractive since they're both recessive faculties. This means the characteristics are often covered up by the outcomes of other genes. As an example, you are likely to not have red hair yourself if you get genes for red hair from one parent but brown hair from another.
The exact same does work for the trademark pale, freckled epidermis of redheads: whenever combined with the hereditary codes for darker epidermis, the fact the "freckles gene" is contained in a individual may never actually become noticeable.
This might be pertaining to attractiveness since there is a benefit that is evolutionary combining genes from various groups. When a person's history is quite blended, there is certainly less of the possibility that a harmful recessive gene will have a chance to show it self.
Charles Darwin proposed this basic concept, calling it "heterosis": the idea that cross-breeding across populations would result in kiddies which are genetically more powerful than their moms and dads.
In keeping with this concept, Dr. Michael Lewis discovered in a report which was posted this season that folks will speed pictures of people with mixed-ethnicity backgrounds as "very attractive" 55 percent more regularly than individuals from a solitary background that is ethnic.
So what performs this suggest for gingers? It may be that having hair that is red as a biological cue for deficiencies in hereditary blending, which we now have developed become biased against. But yet again this biological concept must be interpreted with care.
This does not imply that all redheads are inherently unlucky genetically and needs to be ugly. Nonetheless it does mean that appealing redheads will likely have experienced a bit more hereditary blending in their past than the others.
Numerous appealing superstars have blended hereditary history, also by looking at them if you wouldn't know it. Chad Michael Murray is one-quarter Japanese (left), and Sara Paxton is half Mexican (right).
All of these talks of hair color, genetics, and attractiveness actually don't address the larger dilemma of prejudice, nonetheless. In spite of how numerous good, sound theories there might be related to the biology of attraction, and just how or why it might be biased against people who have red locks, it doesn't replace the undeniable fact that biology cannot give an explanation for insults, the taunts, while the hate crimes that gingers have actually to hold using their whole everyday lives.
The that is site exists to report and discuss prejudice against redheaded individuals.
Moreover it does not explain that gigantic impact that tradition has, both definitely and negatively, within the perception of redheads. Anti-redhead bias is considerably more prominent in britain, for instance, compared to the United States – with no actually solid description aside from ingrained prejudice that is cultural.
Furthermore, it really is fairly fashionable for actresses – frequently those people who are currently considered popular and that is beautiful undertake a redheaded appearance to become bold, edgy and stylish. Julia Roberts, Rose McGowan, Cynthia Nixon, and Debra Messing are a handful of unforgettable types of superstars that made red hair look extremely good.
Debra Messing suggests that red locks may be gorgeous if you're created gorgeous, rather than a redhead.
So the systematic response to the question "is there a basis for the label that redheads are unattractive" is really what some body might expect, if he's knowledgeable about technology. That answer is: Eh, form of, not actually.
Studies also show that on average, individuals may be less inclined to move on a redheaded woman or accept the advances of the guy that is redheaded. Having said that, so long as you don't have prominent freckles, many gingers can pass as blondes or brunettes, showing that the real difference is solely shallow.
More over, you can get away with dying your hair red and it's seen as "trendy" rather than unattractive if you are already hot.
And even though there might be a plausible explanation that is evolutionary a small anti-ginger bias, specially in southern latitudes, real "ginger haters" will need to look some other place for a justification for his or her bad attitudes.
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Difference Between Ocean Liner and Cruise Ship
Ocean Liner vs Cruise Ship
Ships have been around since the Neolithic Period. In fishing and hunting, early man used canoes made from hollowed tree logs. The Egyptians were the first to use wooden planks in ships which allowed them to build larger and sturdier ships, paving the way for world navigation.
Ships were primarily made for the military and for commerce. Today, ships are not only used by the armed forces of most countries but are also vital for world trade and commerce. There are also ships that are used to transport passengers from one place to another. These are called ocean liners.
An ocean liner is used for transoceanic travel and has a regular route. Since it is meant for long-distance sea travel, it is equipped with a large storage area and fuel capacity. It is built strongly to enable it to withstand even the most unfavorable weather conditions.
It is not only intended to carry people but also to carry cargo and mail. It is designed for a maximum number of passengers and cargo capacity, faster speed, and it is stronger and has a much higher standard than a cruise ship.
A cruise ship is a passenger ship intended for travel and pleasure. People travel by cruise ships when they are on vacation, usually getting on it at a certain port, stopping by at several other ports then returning back to their port of origin.
It has a slower speed but has many fine features such as; restaurants, bars, nightclubs, spas, fitness centers, shops, theaters, cinemas, gyms, tennis or basketball courts, video arcades, and indoor or outdoor swimming pools. It functions like a hotel with additional staff aside from the crew.
Some cruise ships are former ocean liners which were also used during World War II to transport soldiers and used as hospitals for wounded soldiers. This is the reason why most cruise ships have diminished sea worthiness than ocean liners.
Today, both cruise ships and ocean liners are competing for passengers who want to experience pleasure while travelling at sea.
1.Both an ocean liner and a cruise ship are used for long-distance sea travel, but cruise ships are meant for passengers only while ocean liners are also used to carry cargo and mail among other things.
2.A cruise ship has a regular route and usually returns its passengers back to the port where they came from while an ocean liner usually lets off passengers to their various destinations.
3.An ocean liner travels faster, is built stronger, and has a higher standard while a cruise ship has a slower speed and does not have a large cargo capacity like an ocean liner.
4.A cruise ship has more amenities resembling a hotel with features such as; bars, restaurants, sports facilities, shops, and spas while an ocean liner may or may not have any of these features.
5.An ocean liner usually travels to places that are farther away, taking several weeks or even months before it can reach its destination while a cruise ship takes a much shorter time.
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At Estudio de Comunicación we understand that work environment and commitment studies are a powerful communication tool regarding the organization's management and its professionals. It is not only a matter of listening to evaluate professional satisfaction levels; it is crucial to understand what commits and disengages professionals from their work at the company.
We have a work model and a process that integrates measurements and actions on key elements that impact professional commitment.
Our service provides:
- A complete vision of both professional alignment and key behaviours for business success and the conditions that must be taken into account to encourage commitment.
- A map of professional commitment profiles that allows the identification of areas or clusters ranging from the 'highly committed' to the 'unhooked'.
- The identification of key levers on which action can be taken to advance the commitment of its professionals.
- The use of new computational linguistics tools in the analysis of what professionals feel when they talk about their work in the company.
- A reliable, flexible and experienced on-line tool that supports the response process.
- A tool for defining action plans for managers, encouraging their feeling of responsibility towards improving the commitment of each team.
- An application to visualize the organization's results.
- A benchmark comparing the company to our reference database in the market.
- An in-depth analysis and professional interpretation on how people's opinions are impacting their work and performance.


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Nowadays, intelligent, socially conscious consumers look at more than a company's prices, or quality of goods, or even customer service. Many customers are insistent that the companies they do business with exhibit corporate social responsibility day in and day out. What do we mean by corporate social responsibility? Why is it important? How can it be implemented? And how can mobile training programs impact a company's effectiveness in contributing to the good of the community, as well as benefit a company's brand?
The Importance of Corporate Social Responsibility
Corporate social responsibility, per Business News Daily, has been defined as "a way for companies to take responsibility for the social and environmental impacts of their business operations." That same article identified a key reason for companies to take this seriously when it mentioned a 2017 study by Cone Communications. The study found that not only would 87 percent of surveyed consumers buy from a company that supports issues they are passionate about, but "a whopping 76 percent will refuse to buy from a company if they learn it supports an issue contrary to their own beliefs." In other words, customers care about how companies act. Is your company showing a corporate conscience that can be clearly seen by potential customers?
Some ways companies implement socially conscious programs are as follows:
- They provide training in life skills, such as CPR, or first aid.
- They are conscientious and outspoken when it comes to safety issues, and they ensure that all employees are well-trained to protect themselves and others from incidental workplace hazards, preventable injuries, and unexpected events.
- They provide bias training for employees to fight discrimination and prejudice. (For example, in May 2018, Starbucks closed all of its stores for one day in order to provide bias training to about 175,000 employees.)
How Mobile Training Programs can Help
Whatever path your company decides to take, you want any socially conscious training you provide for your employees to be as effective as possible. How can mobile training programs help make employee learning more impactful?
- Mobile learning allows flexibility, both in the time employees spend on training, and also in the locations used. For example, a CPR course that includes both written instructions and hands-on training can be consolidated and made much more effective by concentrating all the learning in a single space, instead of moving back and forth between the computer station and the training mat.
- Mobile training programs facilitate collaborative learning. Employees are more easily able to interact with each other as part of the curriculum, and this leads to more effective teaching.
- Mobile learning also drives higher employee engagement. According to a study published in 2016, "the overall effect of using mobile devices in education is better than when using desktop computers."
Corporate social responsibility is a huge factor to consider when thinking of how to grow your company's brand; and mobile training programs are a wonderful tool to enhance employee learning in this regard. How is your company doing? To learn more, download our guide: The Digital Revolution: Impacts of Mobile Learning Software on Generation Z Employees. Don't get left behind; never underestimate the modern consumer. Instead, utilize mobile training programs to help exhibit a social conscience that will positively impact the community and drive brand loyalty for your company.


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Transition from Emulsion to Microemulsion
One of the main peculiarities of micelles is their ability to solubilize chemical compounds insoluble in a pure solvent. This extremely important practical property has given micelles a key role in technical activities. A nominal amount of solubilized substance proves to be enough to obtain highly swollen micelles, so that at some point they can be considered as small drops of an oil phase within a surfactant membrane in water. Under certain conditions, one can consider these solutions as two-phase systems and relate them to emulsions.
KeywordsEntropy Surfactant Quartz Attenuation Hydrocarbon
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Now that we've done a whole lot about enriched categories in the abstract, let's look at the very useful special case of categories enriched over — the category of abelian groups.
We know that is a monoidal category, with the tensor product of abelian groups as its monoidal structure and the free abelian group as the monoidal identity. Even better, it's symmetric, and even closed. That is, for any two abelian groups and we have an isomorphism, and there is a natural abelian group structure on the set of homomorphisms satisfying the adjunction.
So let's read the definitions. An -category has a collection of objects, and between objects and there is an abelian hom-group.
For each object we have a homomorphism of abelian groups which picks out the "identity morphism" from to itself at the level of the underlying sets. Remember that we're no longer thinking of an abelian group as having elements — only its underlying set has elements anymore, and the underlying set of an abelian group is the set of abelian group homomorphisms.
Given three objects we have a "composition" arrow in :. This is associative and the identity morphism acts as an identity in the sense that the appropriate diagrams commute. Of course, since the composition arrows are morphisms in they are linear functions in each input.
An -functor between -categories and is defined by a function from the objects of to the objects of, and for each pair of objects a homomorphism of abelian groups. Two diagrams are required to commute, saying that these linear functions preserve the composition and identity functions.
An -natural transformation is one of two forms. In one we're given two -functors and. Then a natural is a collection of linear functions making one diagram commute. In the other we're given an object and a bifunctor. Then is a collection of linear functions making another diagram commute.
Together, -categories, -functors between them, and -natural transformations (of the first kind) form a 2-category. We can pair off -categories and to get the product category (in fact we already did once above) and we can take the opposite category. Thus -categories form a symmetric monoidal 2-category with a duality involution.
There's a whole lot of structure here, but ultimately it boils down to "the hom-sets all have the structure of abelian groups, and everything in sight is -linear". And that's the usual definition given, that I decided to forgo back when I started in on enriched categories.