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At 13,642 feet, the Jungfrau is the tallest peak in a massif that includes the Eiger (13,025 feet) and the Mönch (13,474 feet). These craggy and windswept mountains, located in the Bernese Oberland region of the Swiss Alps, were once inaccessible, but the completion of the Jungfraubahn cog railway in 1912 simplified access to the Jungfrau massif, and the easy routes on the peaks became popular with climbers. This popularity, combined with the inherently volatile snow conditions throughout the Swiss Alps, has resulted in numerous fatal accidents. According to an Associated Press report, 32 people have been killed by snow slides in the Swiss Alps during July and August in the last 36 years.
At 10 a.m. on the morning of July 12, 2007, 12 Swiss soldiers from the Mountain Specialists Division accompanied by two guides were traversing a 45-degree slope on the southwest face of the Jungfrau when a slab avalanche, probably human triggered, swept two rope teams of three each 3,000 feet to their deaths. The eight remaining members of the party, including the two guides, were rescued unharmed. It was Switzerland's worst military accident in 15 years. All healthy Swiss men are required to complete an average of 10 months of military service. The victims aged 19 to 23.
THE SOUTHWEST FLANK of the Jungfrau is the normal route and is considered an easy climb, but on the morning in question the mountain was blanketed by almost two feet of fresh snow and the avalanche risk was graded a three (on a scale of five) by the Swiss Federal Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research (SFI). According to avalanche-center.org, there are "at least three points along the route where avalanches come down regularly," and the slide occurred on a slope that experts consider extremely dangerous. On the day before the accident, another group of climbers had triggered a slab avalanche on the adjacent Mönch and several guides sharing the Mönchsjoch hut with the army contingent warned the soldiers against trying the Jungfrau route. Soon after the tragedy, families of the victims demanded to know why the group went forward with the climb despite the warnings and clear indicators that the mountain was unsafe. In October the SFI opened an investigation into the accident. At the same time, the two guides were charged with "multiple homicides by negligence" as an examining magistrate from the Swiss military tribunal launched a separate investigation. Chris Huber, the investigating magistrate, has stressed that the guides are presumed innocent until proven guilty, but several prominent guides have been critical of the decision to attempt the peak given the hazardous conditions. The Swiss media has been particularly harsh in their censure of the army and the guides. The inquiry is ongoing.
Four variables determine avalanche danger: slope angle (terrain), snowpack, weather and you, the climber. In the case of the Jungfrau on July 12, all of the signs suggested that avalanche danger was high. The weather had been unstable and a slab avalanche had already occurred on a nearby peak, indicating that the new snow was not bonded to the layer below it. The guides and soldiers placed themselves at grave risk by entering dangerous terrain. Slab avalanches can run on any incline, but most frequently occur at an angle of 38 degrees, the steepest angle any granular substance (like sand) can achieve. This is called the angle of repose. Snow can hold on steeper slopes because the grains can bond, but as the angle of repose climbs above 38 degrees, the slope's propensity to slide increases. Snow will rarely slide on slopes under 25 degrees. On slopes steeper than 55 degrees, snow sluffs off continuously rather than forming slabs. A snow-loaded slope of 45 degrees, however, like the one that slid on the Jungfrau, is a time bomb.
There are many ways to assess avalanche danger including monitoring snow conditions—check out avalanche.org or csac.org, or digging a pit to check the layers—but the best way to stay alive when conditions are iffy is to stay home. As the authors of The ABCs of Avalanche Safety point out, "Nothing substitutes for formal instruction, routine practice, and plenty of experience." Avalanche science is complex and beyond the scope of this article. See "Avalanche," No. 141, for a more complete discussion, and a list of further reading and suggested courses.


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Wavelet Technology Allows Measurement of Long-Distance Infrasound
Phenomena that generate a type of low-frequency sound known as infrasound could become easier to detect and measure thanks to a new technique under development at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI). Infrasound, which cannot be heard by humans, is produced by tornados, earthquakes, explosions, wind turbines, the motion of large vehicles, aircraft and many other natural and human-created sources.
Infrasound waves can travel long distances – hundreds of miles – and are largely unaffected by obstacles in their way. Generally defined as frequencies below 20 Hertz, infrasound has until now been detected and measured using arrays up to an acre in size that use hollow pipes or elements similar to garden soaker hoses to separate the sounds of interest from noise created by the wind.
GTRI researchers have developed a novel infrasound analysis technique based on wavelet technology, a mathematical approach that represents a signal at different scales, using unique features at each scale. This technique, when applied to infrasound recordings, separates the wind noise from other signals of interest. That allows infrasound sensors to become small enough to be easily portable, permitting new types of measurements – including tracking small and large aircraft and studying effects on humans.
"We have been able to implement wavelet technology to get data more accurate than what has been possible using other methods of removing wind noise," said Krishan Ahuja, Regents Professor and Researcher and head of GTRI's Aerospace and Acoustics Technologies Division. "We have come up with a way to completely eliminate the hoses and reduce the size of the windscreen. This can all be done with signal processing."
Hydrodynamic noise produced by wind has frequencies comparable to those of infrasound, so wind noise must be suppressed to obtain useful measurements. The most common way to achieve this has been to use long pipe arrays or large arrays of soaker hoses to gather the sound. The arrays allow pressure variations to be averaged over the length of the structure, thereby reducing the impact of the turbulent wind field. Other approaches to reduce wind noise use large tents covering the infrasound sensors, which also limits where they can be used.
The technique developed at GTRI uses smaller windscreens – or no windscreens at all – along with a wavelet denoising technique that breaks down the signal mathematically and then partitions out what is wind noise before reconstructing the remaining infrasound for analysis, explained Alessio Medda, a GTRI senior research engineer. The resulting reconstruction produces an infrasound signal in which the noise is greatly reduced.
GTRI researchers compared infrasound signals gathered with a traditional 50-foot radius soaker hose array against the signals produced by the wavelet technology. Except at the very lowest frequencies, signals produced by the two techniques were in agreement, demonstrating that the wavelet denoising technique can be used on a signal measured – even without the use of a windscreen.
The GTRI research team has used infrasound to plot the flight path of a small aircraft, detect a building demolition explosion 25 miles away from their instrumentation site, and even to monitor the approach of tornados during severe storms. Beyond the location of the source, analysis of infrasound signals can determine if the source under observation has rotating equipment such as fans, uses machinery that produces continuous waves or produces explosions that create impulses.
"By using the right number of sensors in an array, you can pinpoint the source of the infrasound," Ahuja said.
In addition to development of the wavelet technique, GTRI researchers have also expanded their infrasound research through new techniques and testing programs. These included:
- Detection of small aircraft took place at a commercial airport in North Georgia, where the research used a six-element array consisting of two concentric isosceles triangles, one 50 meters high and the other 25 meters high. One triangle used soaker hoses for wind noise suppression, while the other used tents. The array demonstrated an ability to track a single-engine Cessna 182 aircraft as it flew patterns within a five-mile radius of the airport.
- Measurement of infrasound associated with severe storms was done as part of GTRI's Severe Storms Research Center using the GTRI Atmospheric Infrasound Array (GAIA). A standardized set of ambient, environmental infrasound measurements have been made since 2018 to provide a long-term database of low-frequency sound. GAIA uses four sensors located under wind tents atop a GTRI building. In addition to severe storms, these sensors have detected earthquakes, trains, microbaroms (believed to be from the Atlantic Ocean) and rocket launches.
- Detection and measurement of infrasound around military training ranges was conducted to evaluate potential effects on trainees and training instructors exposed to high acoustic and infrasound pressures. In collaboration with Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, GTRI researchers used their wavelet-based denoising and analysis techniques to measure infrasound emitted by infantry weapons such as hand grenades, machine guns, grenade launchers and anti-tank weapons.
- Development of three sources for generating controlled infrasound for use in calibration and testing of infrasound sensors and arrays. These included (1) a very low frequency unit reactivated from an existing sonic boom simulator to produce sound in the 1 to 6 Hertz range, (2) Helmholtz resonators producing sound in the 6 to 10 Hertz range, and (3) an oscillating propane burner creating sound in the 0.1 to 0.4 Hertz range.
- Evaluation of infrasound sensors and both in-house and externally-developed array processing algorithms and systems. This also included the development of a system for rapid infrasound array deployment with remote measurement capabilities with six infrasound sensors connected to a data logger, a weather station for monitoring meteorological conditions, and a solar panel to provide continuous power without the need to be connected to the power grid.
Going forward, the researchers plan to collaborate with medical research teams to study the effects of infrasound on the human body. Cavities such as the heart, head, stomach and chest resonate at different frequencies, and can cause symptoms of illness when exposed to certain frequencies of infrasound.
"Explosions that are not large enough to cause traumatic brain injury can still create symptoms, particularly during repeated exposures," said Rob Funk, a GTRI principal research engineer. "Studying this may help improve the health of military personnel who may be exposed to infrasound."
Writer: John Toon
Georgia Tech Research Institute
Atlanta, Georgia USA
The Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) is the nonprofit, applied research division of the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech). Founded in 1934 as the Engineering Experiment Station, GTRI has grown to more than 2,800 employees supporting eight laboratories in over 20 locations around the country and performing more than $700 million of problem-solving research annually for government and industry. GTRI's renowned researchers combine science, engineering, economics, policy, and technical expertise to solve complex problems for the U.S. federal government, state, and industry.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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The Great Books of the Western World series comprises 60 volumes containing 517 works written by 130 authors.
It includes works of literature, mathematics, natural sciences, history and social science, philosophy and religion—all selected for their lasting influence on Western culture.
In case if you're wondering "So, what's so great about the Great Books?" here are three reasons why you should read this foundational series:
- Join the great conversation
Humankind has always been inquisitive, striving to understand the meaning of life, the nature of knowledge, the mysteries of love, and more.
The Great Books series celebrates this rich tradition of inquiry. Each of the 517 works examines major questions and ideas. Together, they create a conversation spanning the centuries.
For example, Homer's Iliad comments on the nature of happiness. Greek tragedian Sophocles adds to this discussion with his Oedipus at Colonus. Then, Plato joins in with his dialogues. Hundreds of years later, Aquinas' Summa Theologica adds to the conversation. Fast forward to 1948, and Samuel Beckett is chiming in with Waiting for Godot. Together, all of the authors' works form a great conversation, spanning over 2,700 years. And this is just one of the thousands of discussions taking place in the Great Books.
With Noet, you can join the conversation like never before. Make your own searchable notes and highlights that sync across your devices. You can even upload your own papers and articles to the software and make them searchable. Plus, with Noet Groups you can form your own reading groups and share insights with others.
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The Great Books of the Western Worlds contains more than influential works—it includes the 2-volume Syntopicon, an index to 102 major ideas and 3,000 sub-topics that unite the 517 works and define the Western tradition.
The major ideas include Angel, Courage, Eternity, Evolution, Family, God, Good and Evil, Life and Death, Prophecy, Religion, Science, Sin, War and Peace, and more.
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This mathematically oriented introduction to the theory of logic programming presents a systematic exposition of the resolution method for propositional, first-order, and Horn-clause logics, together with an analysis of the semantic aspects of the method. It is through the inference rule of resolution that both proofs and computations can be manipulated on computers, and this book contains elegant versions and proofs of the fundamental theorems and lemmas in the proof theory of logic programming. Advanced topics such as recursive complexity and negation as failure and its semantics are covered, and streamlined setups for SLDand SLDNF-resolution are described.
No other book treats this material in such detail and with such sophistication. Doets provides a novel approach to resolution that is applied to the first-order case and the case of (positive) logic programs. In contrast to the usual approach, the concept of a resolvent is defined nonconstructively, without recourse to the concept of unification, allowing the soundness and completeness proofs to be carried out in a more economic way. Other new material includes computability results dealing with analytical hierarchy, results on infinite derivations and an exposition on general logic programs using 3-valued logic.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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The upper reaches of streams are a wonderful part of this world. But they are delicate and vulnerable environments, often assaulted unknowingly by human use of the land. The film introduces the "citizens" of this unique world, featuring the smallmouth bass, and shows how these creatures live and die in a small community. Produced by Missouri Dept. of Conservation (1966).
MDC protects and manages Missouri's fish, forest, and wildlife resources.
We also facilitate your participation in resource-management activities, and we provide opportunities for you to use, enjoy and learn about nature.
Check out the featured picture and other images at the MDC Media Gallery


Se habla español
Hame Hindi Bolni Ati Hai
Ice Machine Buying Guide Ice Machine Buying Guide
Section 11. Will I Need A Water Filter System?
Water Filtration for Ice Machines
A water filtration system, either installed in the water supply line to the ice machine or built into the ice machine itself, will remove mineral sediment such as calcium and lime and prevent scale formation. The water filter also keeps out parasites and other bacteria such as slime fungus, removes odor, and creates a tasteless ice that will not change the flavor of beverages. With proper water filtration, you can remain confident that the ice you are providing to your customers or guests is pure and free from any contamination that might change the taste of their beverage or make them ill.
Regularly removing sediment will also increase the lifetime of your ice machine. The cause of many ice machine breakdowns can be traced to issues with the water supply. Therefore, if you know your water has a high mineral content, invest in a good water filtration system to prevent build up on metal surfaces which causes wear and tear on your machine, possibly prohibiting ice from forming properly. Keep sediment build-up problems from occurring and replace the water filter cartridge frequently. Nearly every ice machine manufacturer recommends / requires that you change the water filter cartridge at least every 6 months, more if you have heavy water or low-quality water.
Note that some manufacturers, such as Ice-O-Matic, will extend the warranty on the evaporator of your ice machine if you also purchase their brand of water filtration system and keep to their regular schedule of changing the filter.
Related Articles:
HQH2O: High Quality Water from EverPure
<< Back to Section 10 Section 12 >>


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All Verification Bodies under the Climate Action Reserve are required to submit the following documents for each verification period:
- NOTIFICATION OF VERIFICATION ACTIVITIES AND CONFLICT OF INTEREST (NOVA/COI) FORM (PRIVATE DOCUMENT) – This document details the relationship between the project developer and the Verification Body. Before signing a contract with an individual project developer, a Verification Body must outline the scope of the planned verification activities and evaluate the potential for a conflict of interest (COI) with the project developer by submitting this form 10 business days prior to the start of verification. For more information on COI, please review the Reserve's Verification Program Manual. If the risk for COI is determined to be medium or high, the verifier must submit a COI Mitigation Plan (Appendix B).
- VERIFICATION REPORT (PUBLIC DOCUMENT) – This report must contain a summary of verification activities, a list of the GHG emissions sources identified within the project boundary, a description of the sampling techniques, and a risk assessment of the processes and reported results. The risk assessment forms the basis of the verification statement.
- LIST OF FINDINGS (PRIVATE DOCUMENT) – This document accompanies the verification report and must contain all material and immaterial findings identified during verification activities, any recommended corrective actions, and resolutions to material issues. The List of Findings is shared only with the project developer and the Reserve.
- VERIFICATION STATEMENT (PUBLIC DOCUMENT) – This document officially confirms the reported GHG emission reductions/removals and the verification standard.
In addition, each Verification Body must annually submit a Verification Policies Acknowledgement and Agreement form to the Reserve Administrator at _EMAIL_. This form must be updated to reflect any substantial personnel changes. The Verification Policies Acknowledgement and Agreement form ensures that personnel performing verification activities are notified to the Climate Action Reserve and are aware of the roles and responsibilities under the program. All personnel undertaking verification activities must be listed on this form as designated staff and the form must be signed by a duly authorized representative of the Verification Body. To list additional staff, please use the Verification Staff Reporting Form Extra Tables.


Introduction Getting Started Reading Data Linear Models GLMs Conclusions
3 Reading and Examining Data
R can handle several types of data, including numbers, character strings, vectors and matrices, as well as more complex data structures. In this section I describe data frames, the preferred way to organize data for statistical analysis, explain how to read data from an external file into a data frame, and show how to examine the data using simple descriptive statistics and informative plots.
3.1 Lists and Data Frames
An important data structure that we have not discussed so far is the list. A list is a set of objects that are usually named and can be anything: numbers, character strings, matrices or even lists.
Unlike a vector, whose elements must all be of the same type (all numeric, or all character), the elements of a list may have different types. Here's a list with two components created using the function list:
> person = list(name="Jane", age=24)
Typing the name of the list prints all elements. You can extract a component of a list using the extract operator $. For example we can list just the name or age of this person:
> person$name
[1] "Jane"
> person$age
[1] 24
Individual elements of a list can also be accessed using their indices or their names as subscripts. For example we can get the name using person[1] or person["name"]. (You can use single or double square brackets depending on whether you want a list with the name, which is what we did, or just the name, which would require double brackets as in person[[1]] or person[["name"]]. The distinction is not important at this point.)
A data frame is essentially a rectangular array containing the values of one or more variables for a set of units. The frame also contains the names of the variables, the names of the observations, and information about the nature of the variables, including whether they are numerical or categorical.
Internally, a data frame is a special kind of list, where each element is a vector of observations on a variable. Data frames look like matrices, but can have columns of different types. This makes them ideally suited for representing datasets, where some variables can be numeric and others can be categorical.
Data frames (like matrices) can also accommodate missing values, which are coded using the special symbol NA. Most statistical procedures, however, omit all missing values.
Data frames can be created from vectors, matrices or lists using the function data.frame, but more often than not one will read data from an external file, as shown in the next two sections.
3.2 Free-Format Input
Free-format data are text files containing numbers or character strings separated by spaces. Optionally the file may have a header containing variable names. Here's an example of a data file containing information on three variables for 20 countries in Latin America:
setting effort change
Bolivia 46 0 1
Brazil 74 0 10
Chile 89 16 29
Colombia 77 16 25
CostaRica 84 21 29
Cuba 89 15 40
DominicanRep 68 14 21
Ecuador 70 6 0
ElSalvador 60 13 13
Guatemala 55 9 4
Haiti 35 3 0
Honduras 51 7 7
Jamaica 87 23 21
Mexico 83 4 9
Nicaragua 68 0 7
Panama 84 19 22
Paraguay 74 3 6
Peru 73 0 2
TrinidadTobago 84 15 29
Venezuela 91 7 11
This small dataset includes an index of social setting, an index of family planning effort, and the percent decline in the crude birth rate between 1965 and 1975. The data are available on the web at _URL_ in a file called effort.dat which includes a header with the variable names.
R can read the data directly from the web:
> fpe <- read.table("_URL_
The function used to read data frames is called read.table. The argument is a character string giving the name of the file containing the data, but here we have given it a fully qualified url (uniform resource locator), and that's all it takes.
Alternatively, you could download the data and save them in a local file, or just cut and paste the data from the browser to an editor such as Notepad, and then save them. Make sure the file ends up in R's working directory, which you can find out by typing getwd(). If that is not the case you can use a fully qualified path name or change R's working directory by calling setwd with a string argument. Remember to double up your backward slashes (or use forward slashes instead) when specifying paths.
The special symbol <-is R's assignment operator, which we have encountered already. Here we assigned the data to an object named fpe. To print the data simply type the name of the object.
> fpe
 setting effort change
Bolivia 46 0 1
Brazil 74 0 10
 ... output edited...
Venezuela 91 7 11
In this example R detected correctly that the first line in our file was a header with the variable names. It also inferred correctly that the first column had the observation names. (Well, it did so with a little help; I made sure the row names did not have embedded spaces, hence CostaRica. Alternatively, I could have used "Costa Rica" in quotes as a row name.)
You can always tell R explicitly whether or not you have a header by specifying the optional argument header=TRUE or header=FALSE to the read.table function. This is important if you have a header but lack row names, because R's guess is based on the fact that the header line has one less entry than the next row, as it did in our example.
If your file does not have a header line, R will use the default variable names V1, V2,..., etc. To override this default use read.table's optional argument col.names to assign variable names. This argument takes a vector of names. So, if our file did not have a header we could have used the command
> fpe = read.table("noheader.dat",
+ col.names=c("setting","effort","change"))
Incidentally this is the first time that our command did not fit in a line. R code can be continued automatically in a new line simply by making it obvious that we are not done, for example ending the line with a comma, or having an unclosed left parenthesis. R responds by prompting for more with the continuation symbol + instead of the usual prompt >.
If your file does not have observation names, R will simply number the observations from 1 to n. You can specify row names using read.table's optional argument row.names, which works just like col.names; type?data.frame for more information.
There are two closely related functions that can be used to get or set variable and observation names at a later time. These are called names (for the variable names), and row.names (for the observation names). Thus, if our file did not have a header we could have read the data and then changed the default variable names using the names function:
> fpe = read.table("noheader.dat")
> names(fpe) = c("setting","effort","change")
Technical Note: If you have a background in other programming languages you may be surprised to see a function call on the left hand side of an assignment. These are special'replacement' functions in R. They extract an element of an object and then replace its value.
In our example all three-variables were numeric. R will handle string variables with no problem. If one of our variables was sex, coded M for males and F for females, R would have created a factor, which is basically a categorical variable that takes one of a finite set of values called levels. In Section 5 we will use a data frame with categorical variables to illustrate logistic regression. Another way to generate factors is by grouping a numeric covariate. An example appears in Section 4 below.
Exercise: Use a text editor to create a small file with the following three lines:
a b c
1 2 3
4 5 6
Read this file into R so the variable names are a, b and c. Now delete the first row and read the file again so the variable names are still a, b and c.
3.3 Fixed-Format Input*
Suppose the family planning effort data had been stored in a file containing only the actual data (no country names or variable names) in a fixed format, with social setting in character positions (often called columns) 1-2, family planning effort in positions 3-4 and fertility change in positions 5-6. This is a fairly common way to organize large datasets.
The following call will read the data into a data frame and name the variables:
> fpe = read.table("fixedformat.dat",
+ sep=c(1, 3, 5))
Here I assume that the file in question is called fixedformat.dat. I assign column names just as before, using the col.names parameter. The novelty lies in the next argument, called sep, which is used to indicate


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Word Origin & History
O.E. rap, from P.Gmc. *raipaz (cf. O.N. reip, M.Du., Du. reep "rope," Goth. skauda-raip "shoe-lace," O.H.G., Ger. reif "ring, hoop"). Technically, only cordage above one inch in circumference and below 10 (bigger-around than that is a cable). Nautical use varies. Finnish raippa "hoop, rope, twig" is
a Gmc. loan-word. The verb is attested from c.1300. To know the ropes (1840) is originally a seaman's term. Phrase on the ropes "defeated" is attested from 1924, a fig. extension from boxing. To be at the end of (one's) rope "out of resources and options" is first attested 1686. Formerly also in many slang and extended uses related to hanging, e.g. John Roper's window "a noose," rope-ripe "deserving to be hanged," both 16c.


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foam stability. The foam stability is measured by the time required by a certain amount of liquid to be drained from the foam. The extension of protein film formation is related to the ability of the protein to diminish the surface tension between the air droplet and the protein solution. The foam stability depends on the film nature, which reflects the extension of interactions within the film matrix (Phillips et al., 1994).
The structural characteristics of proteins leading to fast foam formation are low molecular weight and amphipathic molecules. To form a protein capsule that can hold an air bubble, the protein components should present non-covalent interactions, such as electrostatic and hydrophobic strengths, hydrogen bounds and disulphide linkages. The molecular features inherent to proteins affect the formation and stability of protein-based foam (Kinsella & Phillips, 1989). The critical balance of non-covalent interactions leads to the formation of a cohesive and viscous film, required to stabilize the foam.
The electrostatic repulsion can reduce foam stability and delay the film formation. Disulphide linkages reduce the protein flexibility. The change of a thiol group to a disulphide has great importance to functional properties. Molecular alterations induced by reduction of disulphide linkages among protein molecules improve the film formation in the foam and its stabilization (German & Phillips, 1989).
The formation of disulphide linkages during the foam formation and the foaming properties of ovalbumin were studied by Doi et al. (1989), who concluded that the essential factor to a stable foam formation of ovalbumin was not the disulphide linkages formation, but the network formation by other non-covalent interactions. The critical role of disulphide binding is stabilizing the protein structure, constraining the molecular unfolding and preventing the total exposition of hydrophobic regions (Li-Chan & Nakai, 1991). The formation of disulphide bindings at the air-water interface can improve foam stability. The protein concentration, the film thickness, the ionic strength, pH, temperature, and the presence of other components in the food systems, in addition to physical-chemical properties of proteins, affect foaming properties. For instance, the increase of the protein concentration generally causes the formation of a thick lamellar film, which yields more stable foam (Phillips et al., 1994).
Meringues and eggwhite cakes can be made out of ovomucins and ovoglobulins alone. However, when the ovalbumin is absent, the cake mass collapses after growing during the beating period (Yang & Baldwin, 1995).
When the ovalbumin is alone in an Angel cake mixture, longer beating period is required for foaming and the end product will have a thick texture (MacDonnel et al., 1955). Eggwhites from which globulin and ovomucin are removed, require longer beating periods, and when these mixtures are used in cakes they cause a volume reduction. If the ovoglobulins are returned in the cake mixture, there is an increase in the volume, but the beating period is still long. When the ovomucin is added replacing ovoglobulin, the beating period is diminished, but the volume of cakes is not improved. When both ovoglobulin and ovomucin are added, an increase in the cake quality is observed. The addition of a great amount of ovomucin produces an increase in the velocity of foam formation and excessive coagulation of proteins in the bubble surface, plus reduced elasticity of the film surrounding the bubble. Therefore, the volume of a cake baked from this mixture is smaller. The addition of a larger quantity of ovoglobulin in the eggwhite causes a weak foaming property and increases the cake volume. The stability in these cases is obtained only when the quantity of ovomucin is regular (MacDonnel et al., 1955). Alleoni & Antunes (2004) observed positive correlation between the content of s-ovalbumin and the volume of drained liquid of the eggwhite foam in hen eggs with or without whey concentrate protein coating. The volume of drained liquid increased and the foam stability decreased with increasing s-ovalbumin contents.
The super-beating of the eggwhite makes the ovomucin insoluble, causing losses in the elasticity of the film involving the bubbles. Each successive beating of the drained foam liquid requires a longer period of beating and yields less stable products (MacDonnel et al., 1955; Cunningham, 1976). Large quantities of ovomucin are removed in the first beating, and the drained liquid that is collected of eggwhite foam is identical to that from fresh eggwhite.
Ovoglobulins contribute to high viscosity and to diminish the drainage of liquids from the foam. They also diminish the surface tensions which are especially helpful in the foam initial stage. The loss of surface tension promotes the formation of small air bubbles and causes a smooth texture. The use of protein mixtures produces a mixture of opposed charges that can improve the stabilization of food foams, since the possible electrostatic interactions that may occur are known.
Most globular proteins have their own internal structural disposition, as a result of different covalent and non-covalent bindings between and inside the protein molecule, and also between protein groups and the solvent. Physical-chemical features involved in the technological process such as concentration, drying or dilution are known to induce the denaturation process, and change the tertiary and quaternary structures of a protein. In the food industry, proteins are exposed to processes that include purification, high pressure, and heat, among others. Consequently, positive and negative effects can be observed in the development of textural properties, such as gelation, foam formation, and stability. The thermal behavior of proteins in specific chemical conditions can be evaluated by monitoring the structure-function relations. This could enable maximizing the beneficial and minimizing the negative effects. The s-ovalbumin is a protein with distinct, different ability to form gel and foam. In the case of gels, its presence can diminish the moisture loss, a positive effect; but in the case of foam, this protein diminishes the foam stability, a negative effect.
ADAMSON, G.K. Physical chemistry of surface. 4.ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1982. 664p. [ Links ]
ALLEONI, A.C.C. Efeito da temperatura e do período de armazenamento na qualidade do ovo, nos teores de s-ovalbumina e nas propriedades funcionais das proteínas da clara do ovo. Campinas: UNICAMP/FEA, 1997. 104p. (Dissertação - Mestrado em Nutrição Aplicada à Tecnologia). [ Links ]
ALLEONI, A.C.C.; ANTUNES, A.J. Albumen foam stability and s-ovalbumin contents in eggs coated with whey protein concentrate. Revista Brasileira de Ciência Avícola, v.6, p.77-82, 2004. [ Links ]
ALLEONI, A.C.C.; ANTUNES, A.J. Perfil de textura e umidade espremível de géis de clara de ovos cobertos com concentrado protéico de soro de leite. Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, v.25, p.153-157. 2005. [ Links ]
AZARI, P.R.; FEENEY, R.E. Resistence of metal complexes of conalbumin and transferring to proteolysis and to thermal denaturation. Journal of Biological Chemistry, v.232, p.292-302, 1958. [ Links ]
BEVERIDGE, T.; ARNTFIELD, S.; KO, S.; CHUNG, J.K.L. Firmness of heat induced albumen coagulum. Poultry Science, v.59, p._PHONE_, 1980. [ Links ]
CHEN, T.C.; HSU, S.Y. Quality attributes of whole egg and albumen mixtures cooked by different methods. Journal of Food Science, v.46, p.984-986, 1981. [ Links ]
CUNNINGHAM, F.E. Properties of egg white foam drainage. Poultry Science, v.56, p._PHONE_, 1976. [ Links ]
CUNNINGHAM, F.E.; LINEWEAVER, H. Stabilization of egg-white proteins to pasteurizing temperatures above 60º C. Food Technology, v.19, p._PHONE_, 1965. [ Links ]
DOI, E.; KITABATAKE, N.; HATTA, H.; KOSEKI, T. Relationship of SH groups to functionality of ovalbumin. In: KINSELLA, J.E.; SOUCIE, W. (Ed.) Food proteins. Champaign: AOCS, 1989. p.252-266. [ Links ]
DONOVAN, J.W.; MAPES, C.J. A differential scanning calorimetric study of conversion of ovalbumin to s-ovalbumin. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, v.27, p.197-204, 1976. [ Links ]
DU, L.; PROKOP, A.; TANNER, R.D. Effect of denaturation by preheating on the foam fractionation behavior of ovalbumin. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, v.248, p.487-492, 2002. [


text:
|Grant to preserve rare American music recordings and photos|
|Monday, May 07, 2012|
Dolly Parton's first recording is among the items that the Southern Folklife Collection at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill will preserve, thanks to a new grant from the National Endowment from the Humanities.
The $131,765, three-year grant is called "From the Piedmont to the Swamplands: Preserving Southern Traditional Music." It will help digitize and make available more than 1,650 hours of rare sound recordings and 4,500 photographs of musical figures from the 1920s to the 1980s.
The Parton recording dates from 1960, when the 13-year-old Dolly traveled by bus from Tennessee to Lake Charles, La., to record "Puppy Love" for the Goldband Recording Corporation. The collection holds the original master tape.
Other rarities to be preserved include:
"This grant allows us to preserve national treasures and provide online access to our collections for the first time," says Steve Weiss, curator of the Southern Folklife Collection, one of the nation's largest repositories for Southern music and culture.
The grant will preserve materials from four significant collections: the Goldband Recording Corporation Collection, _PHONE_; the William R. Ferris Collection, 1910s – 2003; the Mike Seeger Collection, 1955 – 2002; and the John Edwards Memorial Foundation Records, 1960 – 1988. Once digitized, the materials will be accessible online through the UNC library website, _URL_.


text:
To perform clustering or similarity searches on trajectories of moving objects, an appropriate definition of the distance (or similarity) between two trajectories is important. Typically, the trajectory of a moving object is represented as a sequence of consecutive locations in a twoor three-dimensional space, in contrast to the one-dimensional case, which is common in timeseries databases [33, 52]. In addition, distances for moving object trajectories should be robust to outliers since measurements in mobile environments are noisy and the movement of objects may contain "gaps." Some distance measures proposed for moving object trajectories are investigated below.
For example, consider two trajectories of moving objects on the (x, y)-plane given as A = ((ax,1, ay,1),…, (ax,n, ay,n)) and B = ((bx,1, by,1),…, (bx,m, by,m)). Their lengths are n and m, respectively. When n = m, we can apply the Euclidean distance (L2 distance), which is simple and also the most popular:
Although the Euclidean distance can be evaluated efficiently, it cannot be applied when two trajectories have different lengths.


text:
Linking to authority
Linking to authority describes a form of deceit people use online and in print. If a person uses a link as a reference to any claim, it appears to have authority backing it. In the form of books, these come as footnotes or endnotes which reference another print or online source.
However, following the links or reading the referenced material often reveals the deceitful nature of the claim. Sometimes a quote has been mined, sometimes the article linked has little to do with the claim, or even sometimes argues the exact opposite point the claim makes.
Playing on the notion that few of their followers will bother checking their work, or reading the referenced pieces, this form of deceit gives the author an aura of respect and his or her claim weight where none exists. You know where the best examples are.


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Candles or a candle is an object generally made of wax and sometimes is an ignitable wick embedded in wax or in any other flammable solid substance such as tallow, these substances are also chosen on the basis of the light they produce, and in some special cases, also on the basis of their fragrance. Some candles are used for the purpose of providing heat or keeping time as well. Chandler is traditionally a person who is known to make candles either professionally or for person interests. From ages, various devices an objects have been invented in order to keep candles, these have ranged from simple table top candlesticks which are also known as candle holders to elaborate forms of candelabra and chandeliers.
In order to burn a candle, there is a requirement of a heat source, commonly a naked flame from a matchstick or a lighter is used for the same, is used to light the candle's wick, which afterwards melts and vaporizes a small amount of fuel in the form of wax. Once the fuel or wax is vaporized, it combines with the oxygen present in air to ignite and form a constant flame and the flame provides heat and light.
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Ada and Beatrice Beattie were the sisters of William Beattie, a musician, singer, actor and writer, and one of Lambert's closest friends in Sydney at the turn of the century. Beattie was best man at Lambert's wedding. He contributed to the Australian Magazine (1899) and wrote a tribute to Lambert in the Lambert memorial number of Art in Australia (Lambert 1930). Lambert drew this pencil portrait of Ada Beattie when she was lying in bed with the flu, while he discussed amateur theatricals with her.
Lambert's remarkable ability as a draughtsman was recognised early on. In 1897 the Sydney Daily Telegraph critic remarked of one of Lambert's pencil drawings that 'Few men in Australia …
can do more with a pencil than he' (Sayers 1989, p.126). In this drawing he used his pencil expressively to capture the cosy warmth of Ada Beattie's wrap, contrasting these energetic lines with the brief outlines with which he hinted at the pillows and bedlinen. Likewise, he drew her hair using a dark pencil and her facial features with more subtle, delicate gestures. In this way
he gave interest and variety to the image.
Lambert showed this drawing, together with pencil portrait sketches of Beatrice Beattie and William Beattie, in the New South Wales Society of Artists exhibition in 1898. It was then purchased by the Art Gallery of New South Wales.


Skip to navigationSkip to content
The best way to predict poverty is by combining satellite images with machine learning
earth nightlights
Coming out of the dark.
 - Ananya Bhattacharya
By Ananya Bhattacharya
Tech reporter
Published This article is more than 2 years old.
The first step to eliminating poverty is identifying the regions most by plagued it.
In 2015, the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals set forth 17 global missions. One of the most ambitious is to eliminate poverty by 2030. But, currently, on-the-ground economic measures are sparse and sometimes unreliable in poorer countries, which lack resources to collect accurate data. Much of the data from Sub-Saharan African countries is not well-documented, edited, or released to the public domain, according to the World Bank.
"How are we going to know if we've eliminated poverty if we don't collect data?" says Marshall Burke, an assistant professor in Stanford University's Department of Earth System Science. "It's like setting a weight loss goal but not having a scale to know if you've made any progress."
One solution might be to take a satellite's-eye-view of the planet. Looking down from outer space, places on earth that appear brighter at night tend to be the most developed. In impoverished areas, luminosity levels are lower. The World Bank has previously used "night lights" from nighttime maps to measure regional inequality income inequality in Africa. Using it as a proxy for economic well being, Burke and a team of researchers have developed an algorithm that's better at predicting poverty than all existing methods. They wrote up their work in a study published in the journal Science today (Aug. 19).
To create the model, researchers fed three inputs into a computer: nighttime luminosity data, daytime high-resolution imagery, and actual survey data about measuring two factors: consumption expenditure, which measures household spending, and asset wealth, which includes cars, TVs and other goods owned. The researchers chose five countries from the continent—Nigeria, Tanzania, Uganda, Malawi, and Rwanda—which had recently collected high-quality household data.
A two-step process called "transfer learning" is used to train the algorithm: First, data on night light and daytime images are combined. The computer starts mapping things like roads, urban areas, waterways and farmland. Then, the model looks for correlations. For instance, areas with houses and cars are likely to be more lit than barren regions. Second, the model ingests the actual survey data and checks it against the correlations, learning, for example, that areas with more cars are also more likely to rare higher on household spending in the surveys. Then, the magic: the model takes all that and uses the map to make predictions that fills gaps where there isn't good data.
So far, the researchers have been able to accurately estimate household consumption and asset wealth more than half of the time. They say their model is more effective than using both satellite imagery or household data independently, or any other existing methods.
The other great thing about the tool? The price. It's "nearly costless to scale across countries," the researchers write in their paper. All the hi-res imagery used for the project was free, from Google Maps. All the code is open-source so anyone can download and modify it. With more satellite imagery expected to be made publicly available soon, from the European Space Agency and other organizations, modified models can ingest new data and make predictions across time and regions. Right now, says Burke, they can estimate a snapshot of the state of poverty. But to make predictions about the future, they'd need a bunch of snapshots to see how things have changed over time. In the foreseeable future, the team hopes to "make maps that can update all the time," Burke says, as more hi-res imagery is made available and patterns emerge over the years.
The new way of tracking poverty can replace door-to-door household surveys, which are typically expensive and "institutionally difficult, as some governments see little benefit in having their lackluster performance documented," the researchers write. Eventually, Burke and his co-authors hope that governments and organizations across the world will no longer bet blindly on their anti-poverty efforts, but really figure out what's working and what's not. "They can use [the model] as a tool to evaluate anti-poverty programs that they don't get to do, mainly for lack of data."


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|Scientific Name:||Amblyrhynchus cristatus ssp. mertensi|
|Species Authority:||Eibl-Eibesfeldt, 1962|
|Red List Category & Criteria:||Endangered A2ce; C2b ver 3.1|
|Assessor/s:||Nelson, K., Snell, H. & Wikelski, M.|
|Reviewer/s:||Hudson, R. & Alberts, A. (Iguana Red List Authority)|
The marine iguana Amblyrhynchus cristatus is endemic to the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador. A. c. mertensi is found on San Cristobal and Santiago Islands. Extent of occurrence is estimated at less than 100 km² and area of occupancy at less than 10 km². San Cristobal Island was the site of a shipwreck in January 2001, which spilled diesel oil/bunker fuel along the southwest coast of the island.
Although A. c. mertensi is found on two different islands, the population is low on Santiago and unknown (but probably low) on San Cristobal. The 2001 oil spill is likely to have caused high (around 60%) mortality to the San Cristobal population, based on the location of the spill and its effects on other nearby islands (Santa Fe). feral dogs and cats associated with the human population pose an ongoing threat for marine iguanas on San Cristobal.
|Range Description:||A. c. mertensi occurs on San Cristobal and Santiago Islands. Extent of occurrence is estimated at less than 1000 km² and area of occupancy at less than 10 km².|
|FAO Marine Fishing Areas:||
Pacific – southeast
|Range Map:||Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.|
|Population:||Average generation length is five years for females and 12 years for males. The total population is not known.|
|Habitat and Ecology:||The world's only marine lizard species. Adults and juveniles occur on rocky coast and intertidal zones. Adult females can be found nesting up to 2 km inland and adult males can be found in marine waters, up to depths of 20 m.|
|Major Threat(s):||El Niño causes periodic dramatic (> 85%) mortality in A. cristatus. In 2000 extensive habitat contamination occurred after an oil spill. The population declined as a result of this spill. A. c. mertensi is also inder threat from predation by introduced species.|
A. cristatus is included on CITES Appendix II. It is under "Special Law" in the Galápagos and occurs in three protected areas: Galápagos National Park and National Marine Reserve; Galápagos Islands Man and Biosphere Reserve (UNESCO); and Galápagos Islands World Heritage Site.
Conservation actions recommended for the subspecies include: further surveys for the subspecies, taxonomic and limiting factor research, public education, control of introduced predators on the island, and monitoring of the population and habitat.
Carpenter, C. 1966. The marine iguana of the Galápagos Islands, its behavior and ecology. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 34(6): 329-376.
IUCN. 1994. Iguanidae and Varanidae Conservation Assessment and Management Plan (CAMP) Taxon Reports. IUCN Conservation Breeding Specialist Group.
IUCN. 2004. 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. _URL_. Downloaded on 23 November 2004.
Kruuk, H. and Snell, H. 1981. Prey selection by feral dogs from a population of marine iguanas (Amblyrhynchus cristatus). Journal of Applied Ecology 18: 197-204.
Laurie, A. 1981. Marine iguana census. Unpublished document.
Laurie, A. 1983. Marine iguanas in the Galápagos. Oryx 17: 18-25.
Laurie, A. 1987. Marine iguana project to continue. Noticas de Galápagos 45: 19-22.
Laurie, A. and Brown, D. 1990a. Population biology of marine iguanas (Amblyrhynchus cristatus). I. Changes infecundity related to a population crash. Journal of Animal Ecology. 59: 515-528.
Laurie, A. and Brown, D. 1990b. Changes in annual survival rates and the effects of size, sex, age and fecundity in a population crash. Journal of Animal Ecology 59: 529-544.
Laurie, A. and Brown, D. 1990c. Population biology of marine iguanas (Amblyrhynchus cristatus). III. Factors affecting survival. Journal of Animal Ecology. 59: 545-568.
Merlen, G. 1984. The 1982-83 El Niño: Some of its consequences for Galápagos wildlife. Noticas de Galápagos 41: 8-15.
Rassmann, K., Tautz, D., Trillmich, F. and Gliddon, C. 1997. The microevolution of the Galápagos marine iguana Amblyrhynchus cristatus assessed by nuclear and mitochondrial genetic analyses. Molecular Ecology 6: 437-452.
Trillmich, K. 1983. The mating system of the Marine Iguana (Amblyrhynchus cristatus). Z. Tierpsychology 63: 141-172.
Wikelski, M. and Trillmich, F. 1997. Body size and sexual size dimorphism in marine iguanas fluctuate as a result of opposing natural and sexual selection: an island comparison. Evolution 51(3): 922-936.
Wikelski, M., Carborne, C. and Trillmich, F. 1996. Lekking in marine iguanas: female grouping and male reproductive strategies. Animal Behaviour 52: 581-596.
|Citation:||Nelson, K., Snell, H. & Wikelski, M. 2004. Amblyrhynchus cristatus ssp. mertensi. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. . Downloaded on 20 May 2013.|
|Feedback:||If you see any errors or have any questions or suggestions on what is shown on this page, please fill in the feedback form so that we can correct or extend the information provided|


text:
Scientific Investigations Report 2010–5102
Groundwater mounding occurs beneath stormwater management structures designed to infiltrate stormwater runoff. Concentrating recharge in a small area can cause groundwater mounding that affects the basements of nearby homes and other structures. Methods for quantitatively predicting the height and extent of groundwater mounding beneath and near stormwater
Finite-difference groundwater-flow simulations of infiltration from hypothetical stormwater infiltration structures (which are typically constructed as basins or dry wells) were done for 10-acre and 1-acre developments. Aquifer and stormwater-runoff characteristics in the model were changed to determine which factors are most likely to have the greatest effect on simulating the maximum height and maximum extent of groundwater mounding. Aquifer characteristics that were changed include soil permeability, aquifer thickness, and specific yield. Stormwater-runoff variables that were changed include magnitude of design storm, percentage of impervious area, infiltration-structure depth (maximum depth of standing water), and infiltration-basin shape. Values used for all variables are representative of typical physical conditions and stormwater management designs in New Jersey but do not include all possible values. Results are considered to be a representative, but not all-inclusive, subset of likely results.
Maximum heights of simulated groundwater mounds beneath stormwater infiltration structures are the most sensitive to (show the greatest change with changes to) soil permeability. The maximum height of the groundwater mound is higher when values of soil permeability, aquifer thickness, or specific yield are decreased or when basin depth is increased or the basin shape is square (and values of other variables are held constant). Changing soil permeability, aquifer thickness, specific yield, infiltration-structure depth, or infiltration-structure shape does not change the volume of water infiltrated, it changes the shape or height of the groundwater mound resulting from the infiltration. An aquifer with a greater soil permeability or aquifer thickness has an increased ability to transmit water away from the source of infiltration than aquifers with lower soil permeability; therefore, the maximum height of the groundwater mound will be lower, and the areal extent of mounding will be larger.
The maximum height of groundwater mounding is higher when values of design storm magnitude or percentage of impervious cover (from which runoff is captured) are increased (and other variables are held constant) because the total volume of water to be infiltrated is larger. The larger the volume of infiltrated water the higher the head required to move that water away from the source of recharge if the physical characteristics of the aquifer are unchanged. The areal extent of groundwater mounding increases when soil permeability, aquifer thickness, design-storm magnitude, or percentage of impervious cover are increased (and values of other variables are held constant).
For 10-acre sites, the maximum heights of the simulated groundwater mound range from 0.1 to 18.5 feet (ft). The median of the maximum-height distribution from 576 simulations is 1.8 ft. The maximum areal extent (measured from the edge of the infiltration basins) of groundwater mounding of 0.25-ft ranges from 0 to 300 ft with a median of 51 ft for 576 simulations. Stormwater infiltration at a 1-acre development was simulated, incorporating the assumption that the hypothetical infiltration structure would be a pre-cast concrete dry well having side openings and an open bottom. The maximum heights of the simulated groundwater-mounds range from 0.01 to 14.0 ft. The median of the maximum-height distribution from 432 simulations is 1.0 ft. The maximum areal extent of groundwater mounding of 0.25-ft ranges from 0 to 100 ft with a median of 10 ft for 432 simulations.
Simulated height and extent of groundwater mounding associated with a hypothetical stormwater infiltration basin for 10-acre and 1-acre developments may be applicable to sites of different sizes. For example, for a 20-acre site with 20 percent impervious surface, the stormwater infiltration basin design capacity (and associated groundwater mound) would be the same as for a 10-acre site with 40 percent impervious surface.
A spreadsheet was developed to solve the Hantush analytical equation, which can be used to calculate groundwater mounding. The Hantush equation incorporates simplifying assumptions, including that all flow is horizontal. The spreadsheet accepts user-supplied values for horizontal soil permeability, initial saturated aquifer thickness, specific yield, basin length, basin width, and duration and magnitude of recharge rate. Comparison of results of finite-difference simulations of a multi-layer system that includes a vertical component of flow in the saturated zone with the results from the analytical equation indicates that the horizontal-flow-only assumption in the analytical equation can cause an under-prediction of the maximum height of a groundwater mound by as much as 15 percent. The more realistic representation of the vertical component of flow and the ability to include site-specific details make finite-difference models such as MODFLOW potentially more accurate than analytical equations for predicting groundwater mounding.
Updated: November 2010
Part or all of this report is presented in Portable Document Format (PDF); the latest version of Adobe Reader or similar software is required to view it. Download the latest version of Adobe Reader, free of charge.
Carleton, G.B., 2010, Simulation of groundwater mounding beneath hypothetical stormwater infiltration basins: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010–5102, 64 p.
Purpose and Scope
Physical Variables Affecting Height and Extent of Groundwater Mounding
Soil Permeability and Aquifer Thickness
Percent Impervious Cover
Basin Shape and Depth
Depth to Water Table
Use of Finite Difference Numerical Models to Estimate Groundwater Mounding
Simulation of Groundwater Mounding Beneath Hypothetical Stormwater Infiltration Basins for a 10-Acre Development
Characteristics Varied to Estimate Groundwater Mounding
Model Boundaries, Recharge, and Difference Between Undeveloped and Developed Water Levels
Maximum Height of Groundwater Mounding
Maximum Extent of Groundwater Mounding
Simulation of Groundwater Mounding Beneath Hypothetical Dry Wells for a 1-Acre Development
Model Discretization, Boundaries, and Difference Between Undeveloped and Developed Water Levels
Use of Analytical Equations to Estimate Groundwater Mounding
Description of Hantush Equation
Spreadsheet for Solving Hantush Equation
Comparison of Analytical and Finite-Difference Estimates of Groundwater Mounding and Effect of Vertical Layering
Summary and Conclusions


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EDITOR'S NOTE: This story is part of our series examining the forestry industry in Nova Scotia.
OHIO VALLEY — A slow dance of murder and sex is unfolding outside Gabe Chisholm's door.
It's wondrous and cruel.
The yellow birch has got an arm out over its black spruce neighbour. After a struggle that began when John Diefenbaker was prime minister, it'll finally block out the sun from its prickly friend this summer.
A stand of fir is practising a chemical warfare that would make tin-pot dictators weep with envy, dropping acidic needles to poison any upstart heirs threatening their limited resources of water and light.
Meanwhile, a black and red spruce are pollinating in broad daylight, casting aside the conservatism of Roman Catholic Antigonish County.
A townie goes for a hike, smells pollen, feels the quivering sunlight and shadow cast by tall hardwoods and ponders nature's peace.
Chisholm goes for a walk and sees the Shakespearian drama of the forest playing out.
The selective harvester knows nature's currency is blood and sap and struggle.
"This would have been a mixture of uneven-aged sugar maple, yellow birch and ash, with some softwoods like red spruce and fir mixed in," said Chisholm as he topped up the bar oil in his chainsaw in July.
But two centuries ago, his ancestors arrived from the Scottish Highlands with little more than the shirts on their backs, axes and children to feed.
Through unimaginable labour they cleared the land and raised cattle and crops. Grasses took root and built a sod layer impenetrable to the seeds of the land's former hardwood inhabitants.
In the early 20th century, the farms of the Ohio Valley were abandoned by a new generation seeking work building North America's cities.
"Grandfather started buying the neighbouring farms, not that he could use the land but more as a help to his neighbours who were moving away to start new lives," said Chisholm.
So the purchased fields went fallow and white spruce, a breed whose seeds can break through sod, made headway. Nova Scotia has large stands of mature white spruce divided by long-rotten fence posts.
"What I'm doing here is creating small irregular openings in the forest canopy so that tolerant hardwoods can seed in," said Chisholm before firing up his chainsaw.
A forest technician by training, Chisholm left the farm as a young man to work as a forester in Western Canada. After five years working in northern Alberta, Chisholm was "thoroughly disillusioned with industrial forestry."
He moved home, bought a sawmill and took over the 400 hectares from his father.
"I'm under no illusions that others have the land that I have to make this happen, but with proper management now, in two generations we could have the forest resource in this province (so) others would have the opportunity," said Chisholm.
"Instead, the current management strategy is seeking to take an Acadian forest, a mixed hardwood and softwood forest, and force it into acting like a boreal forest to supply pulp mills. In my mind, pulp does have a place, but it should be the lowest-value product we harvest."
Chisholm's land is a rarity.
Beyond the white spruce and hemlock are old stands of sugar maple, yellow birch and ash, mixed together with softwood in uneven-aged groupings that reflect the traditional Acadian forest.
Chisholm adds value to what he cuts by sawing it himself and either selling direct to users or building barns, camps and sheds around Antigonish County. He also has 1,300 sugar maples tapped to produce maple syrup, as well as some cattle and chickens, and he sells hay to neighbouring farmers.
"My goals for the land and my business are just to make a good living and look after my two kids and my wife," said Chisholm.
"If I cut all these white spruce down, I could make a whole bunch of money real fast, but my family has been on this land for eight generations and if they had treated it that way, I wouldn't be here."
When asked how long it will be before the waist-high yellow birch and sugar maple saplings poking up in small clearings he's cut since moving home will be harvestable, Chisholm smiles.
"Those will be for the grandkids."


text:
Syphilis and Lymphogranuloma Venereum: Resurgent Sexually Transmitted Infections in the UK: 2009 report
Health Protection Agency
Epidemics of infectious syphilis and Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) are continuing especially among men who have sex with men (MSM) who are known to be HIV infected.
3762 diagnoses of infectious syphilis were made in 2007, more than in any other year since 1950.
849 cases of LGV were diagnosed between 2003 and 2008, the majority of whom had symptoms of proctitis (rectal pain, discharge, bloody stools and constipation).
MSM account for 73% of infectious syphilis and 99% of LGV cases.
HIV co-infection is common in those diagnosed with LGV (74%) and syphilis (27%) reflecting the close relationships between the epidemics.
The increased number of syphilis cases in women of reproductive age has resulted in an increase in cases of congenital infection.
Last reviewed: 30 April 2010


text:
The purpose of the RHS in a rule is to rewrite the workspace. To make this rewriting more versatile, sendmail offers several special RHS operators. The complete list is shown in Table 28.2.
|RHS||Description or Use|
|Section 28.6.1, "Copy by Position: $digit"||Copy by position|
|Section 28.6.2, "Rewrite Once Prefix: $:"||Rewrite once (prefix)|
|Section 28.6.3, "Rewrite-and-Return Prefix: [email protected]"||Rewrite and return (prefix)|
|Section 28.6.4, "Rewrite Through Another Rule Set: $>set"||Rewrite through another rule set|
|Section 28.6.5, "Specify a Delivery Agent: $#"||Specify a delivery agent|
|Section 28.6.6, "Canonicalize Hostname: $[ and $]"||Canonicalize hostname|
|Section 33.4, "Use Maps with $( and $) in Rules"||Database lookup|
[email protected]$* $2!$1 $1 $2
$1 in the RHS indicates tokens matched by the first
wildcard operator in the LHS (in this case the
$2 in the RHS indicates tokens matched by
the second wildcard operator in the LHS (the
In this example, if the workspace contains
[email protected], it
will be rewritten by the RHS as follows:
$* matches B.C so $2 copies it to workspace! explicitly placed into workspace $+ matches A so $1 copies it to workspace
digit copies all the tokens matched by its corresponding
$+ wildcard operator, only a single token (
is matched and copied with
! is copied as is.
$* wildcard operator,
three tokens are matched (
$2 copies all three.
Thus the above rule rewrites
[email protected] into
Not all LHS operators need to be referenced with a
in the RHS.
Consider the following:
Here, only the middle LHS operator (the second one) is required to
rewrite the workspace. So only the
$2 is needed in the
$3 are not needed and are not present
in the RHS).
Although macros appear to be operators in the LHS, they are
not. Recall that macros are expanded when the configuration
file is read (see Section 28.1.1, "Macros in Rules"). As a consequence, although they appear as
letter in the configuration file, they are converted
to tokens when that configuration file is read. For example,
DAxxx R$A @ $* $1
Here, the macro
A is defined to have the value
To the unwary, the
$1 appears to indicate the
But when the configuration file is read, the above rule is expanded
Rxxx @ $* $1
$1 refers to the
references only operators and
$A is a macro, not an operator).
program is unable to detect errors of this sort. If the
(in a mistaken attempt to reference the
$*), sendmail prints the following error and skips
num out of bounds
V8 sendmail catches these errors when the configuration file is read. Earlier versions caught this error only when mail was actually sent.
digit of the
digit must be in the range
one through nine. A
$0 is meaningless and causes
sendmail to print the above error message and to skip that rule.
Extra digits are considered tokens,
rather than extensions of the
digit. That is,
$11 is the RHS operator
$1 and the token
not a reference to the eleventh LHS operator.
Ordinarily, the RHS rewrites the workspace as long as the workspace continues to match the LHS. This looping behavior can be useful. Consider the need to strip extra trailing dots off an address in the workspace:
$* matches any address that has two or more
trailing dots. The
$1. in the RHS then strips one
of those two trailing dots when rewriting the workspace. For
xxx..... becomes xxx.... xxx.... becomes xxx... xxx.. becomes xxx.. xxx.. becomes xxx. xxx. match fails
Although this looping behavior of rules can be handy, for most rules it can be dangerous. Consider the following example:
The intention of this rule is to cause whatever is in the workspace
to become surrounded with angle brackets.
But after the workspace is rewritten, the LHS
again checks for a match; and since the
$* matches anything,
the match succeeds, the RHS rewrites the workspace again,
and again the LHS checks for a match:
xxx becomes < xxx > < xxx > becomes < < xxx > > < < xxx > > becomes < < < xxx > > > and so on, until... sendmail prints: rewrite: expansion too long
In this case, sendmail catches the problem, because the workspace has become too large. It prints the above error message and skips that and all further rules in the rule set. If you are running sendmail in test mode, this fatal error would also be printed:
== Ruleset 0 (0) status 65
Unfortunately, not all such endless looping produces a visible error message. Consider the following example:
Here is an LHS that matches anything and an RHS that rewrites the workspace in such a way that the workspace never changes. For older versions this causes sendmail to appear to hang (as it processes the same rule over and over and over). Newer versions of sendmail will catch such endless looping and print (syslog) the following error:
Infinite loop in ruleset
ruleset_name, rule rule_number
In this instance the original workspace is returned.
It is not always desirable (or even possible) to write "loop-proof"
rules. To prevent looping, sendmail offers the
RHS prefix. By starting the RHS of a rule with the
operator, you are telling sendmail to rewrite the workspace
R$* $: <$1>
Again the rule causes the contents of the workspace
to be surrounded by a pair of
angle brackets. But here the
$: prefix prevents the LHS from checking
for another match after the rewrite.
Note that the
$: prefix must begin the RHS to
have any effect. If it instead appears inside the RHS, its
special meaning is lost:
foo rewritten by $:$1 becomes foo foo rewritten by $1$: becomes foo $:
Rxxx yyy Ryyy zzz
The first rule matches
xxx in the workspace and
rewrites the workspace to contain
yyy. The first
rule then tries to match the workspace again but, of
The second rule then tries to match the workspace.
Since the workspace
yyy, a match is found, and the RHS rewrites the workspace
There will often be times when one rule in a series performs
the appropriate rewrite and no subsequent rules need to be
called. In the above example, suppose
yyy and that the second rule
should not be called. To solve problems like this,
sendmail offers the
[email protected] prefix for use in the RHS.
[email protected] prefix tells sendmail that the current rule
is the last one that should be used in the current rule set.
If the LHS of the current
rule matches, any rules that follow (in the current rule set) are ignored:
Rxxx [email protected] Ryyy zzz
If the workspace contains anything other than
first rule does not match, and the second rule is called.
But if the workspace contains
xxx, the first rule
matches and rewrites the workspace. The
[email protected] prefix
for the RHS of that rule prevents the second rule (and any
subsequent rules) from being called.
Note that the
[email protected] also prevents looping. The
tells sendmail to skip further rules and to
rewrite only once. The difference between
[email protected] and
that both rewrite only once, but
[email protected] doesn't
proceed to the next rule, whereas
[email protected] operator must be used as a prefix because it has special
meaning only when it
begins the RHS of a rule. If it appears anywhere
else inside the RHS it loses its special meaning:
foo rewritten by [email protected]$1 becomes foo foo rewritten by [email protected] becomes foo [email protected]
Rules are organized in sets that can be thought of as subroutines. Occasionally, a rule or series of rules can be common to two or more rule sets. To make the configuration file more compact and somewhat clearer, such common series of rules can be made into separate subroutines.
set operator tells sendmail to perform
additional rewriting using a secondary set of rules.
set is the rule-set name or number of that secondary
set is the name or number of a nonexistent rule set,
the effect is the same as if the subroutine rules were
never called (the workspace is unchanged).
set is numeric and is greater than the maximum number of allowable
rule sets, sendmail
prints the following error and skips that rule:
bad_number (maximum max)
set is a name and the rule-set name is unknown, sendmail
prints the following error and skips that rule:
Neither of these errors is caught when the configuration file is read. They are caught only when mail is sent, because a rule set name may be a macro:
The process of calling another set of rules proceeds in five stages:
As usual, if the LHS matches the workspace, the RHS gets to rewrite
The RHS ignores the
set part and rewrites the rest as usual.
The


Installing Java for PXF
PXF is a Java service. It requires a Java 8 or Java 11 installation on each Greenplum Database host.
Ensure that you have access to, or superuser permissions to install, Java 8 or Java 11 on each Greenplum Database host.
Perform the following procedure to install Java on the master, standby master, and on each segment host in your Greenplum Database cluster. You will use the gpssh utility where possible to run a command on multiple hosts.
 1. Log in to your Greenplum Database master node:
 $ ssh gpadmin@
 2. Determine the version(s) of Java installed on the system:
 gpadmin@gpmaster$ rpm -qa | grep java
 3. If the system does not include a Java version 8 or 11 installation, install one of these Java versions on the master, standby master, and on each Greenplum Database segment host.
 1. Create a text file that lists your Greenplum Database standby master host and segment hosts, one host name per line. For example, a file named gphostfile may include:
 2. Install the Java package on each host. For example, to install Java version 8:
 gpadmin@gpmaster$ gpssh -e -v -f gphostfile sudo yum -y install java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0*
 4. Identify the Java 8 or 11 $JAVA_HOME setting for PXF. For example:
 If you installed Java 8:
 If you installed Java 11:
 If the superuser configures the newly-installed Java alternative as the system default:
 5. Note the $JAVA_HOME setting; you provide this value when you initialize PXF.


girth. Therefore, finger length is the only constraint that requires consideration when choosing the glove. When the frame is rigid, the joints of the main frame must be aligned with the hand's joints to apply force effectively. Ensuring coincidence of the center of rotation with the finger is a difficult problem because the flexion and extension motions of human joints involve combinations of rotation and transition motions. The center of rotation of a human joint continuously changes during movement [22]. However, these problems do not occur for the glove-based device because a glove is a soft structure without joint or link.
Tendon routing design
The tendon routing points are implemented with four Teflon™ tubes as follows: Two Teflon tubes are attached to the middle finger (a and d in Fig. 2), and a single Teflon tube is attached to the thumb (c in Fig. 2) and to the index finger (b in Fig. 2). A single wire is fixed at Teflon tube A and passes through B, C, and D. After passing point D at the middle finger, the wire enters the glove and leads to point E (dotted line in Fig. 2). The tendon entering D, into the glove, passes under the center of rotation of the middle finger joint, generating a flexion moment on the finger. GRIPIT applies force to the fingers to gather them into a single point when the user pulls the wire in the E direction, as shown in Fig. 2.
Fig. 2
Prototype of GRIPIT showing the single wire and the location of the Teflon tubes. Wire is fixed at a point a and passes through b, c and d. Dotted line shows the wire path from the hand to the wrist
A tripod grasp will fail if one of the three fingers applies force to the object first or the force equilibrium breaks. However, GRIPIT cannot experience these problems because it uses a differential mechanism with underactuation: The other fingers start to move when one of the three fingers touches an object, and force equilibrium is always sustained because GRIPIT uses only a single wire. The three fingers always gather into a single point because the tendon pass has a closed shape.
GRIPIT uses a differential mechanism with an underactuated tendon-driven system to increase the adaptability of its grasp. GRIPIT assists users to gather three fingers to a single point without requiring precise force or position control.
Tension-maintenance winder design
A tension-maintenance system is required for GRIPIT because the gripping posture loosens when the wire tension drops. We developed a tension-maintenance winder to sustain a constant wire tension, which maintains a stable grasp posture. The minimum tension required to form the writing posture was calculated for development of the tension-maintenance winder [22, 23]. The relation between tension and fingertip forces and between fingertip forces and pen tip force must be considered to calculate the proper tension. The required constant wire tension is determined from pen tip force measurement and the above relationships.
Figure 3 shows a simplified schematic drawing of the relationship between wire tension and fingertip forces. Two assumptions are made to simplify the model. First, we ignored the friction force between the glove and the wire. It is because the Teflon tube, which has an extremely small friction coefficient, is imbedded along the wire path of glove. Second, the impedance of the human finger joint is neglected because it is significantly smaller than the tension applied by the wire [24]. Since an SCI patient cannot apply force to their finger, fingertip forces can only be determined by the tension of the wire and the posture of the hand using the above two assumptions. Figure 3a labels the tendon routing points. The wire is tied to point A on the middle finger and passes from point A to point F. Figure 3b is a schematic drawing of the free body diagram analysis. Eqs 1 to 3 deal with the relationships between the fingertip forces applied to the pen and the wire tension and were derived from the schematic drawing in Fig. 3b. T in the equation is the wire tension while grasping objects, 1 is an angle between wire \( \overline{\mathrm{AB}} \) and \( \overline{\mathrm{CD}} \), and 2 is an angle between \( \overline{\mathrm{CD}} \) and \( \overline{\mathrm{EF}} \).
Fig. 3
Schematic drawing of the tension calculation. a Labelled tendon routing points. b Schematic drawing of the free body diagram. T, wire tension; 1, 2, angles from the configuration of the wire path
$$ {\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{thumb}}=\mathrm{T}\left(1+ \cos {\varnothing}_1\right) $$
$$ {\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{index}}=\mathrm{T}\left(1+ \cos {\varnothing}_2\right) $$
$$ {\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{middle}}=\mathrm{T}\left( \sin {\varnothing}_1+ \sin {\varnothing}_2\right) $$
We analyzed the relations between pen tip force, the reaction force that the paper applies to the pen during writing, and the wire tension for the stable grasp condition. The pen tip force was divided into axial, pitch, and yaw directions for analysis, as shown in Fig. 4a. Minimum fingertip force conditions for each direction are solved in Eqs 4 to 7 using the force and momentum equilibrium of the free body diagrams in Fig. 4b. In Fig. 4b μ and d respectively are the friction coefficient and the length of a grasped region, which is a contacted area between the finger and the glove. L1 in Fig. 4b indicates the length between the grasped region and the pen tip. L2 in Fig. 4b is the length between the grasped region and the support point, which is the point of contact between the pen and the hand. Equation 4 is driven by the force equilibrium in the axial direction of the pen, and Eqs 5 to 7 are driven by the momentum equilibrium in each direction.
Fig. 4
Derivation of the minimum fingertip force condition. a Force resolution in axial, pitch, and yaw directions. b Free body diagrams for each direction and the notations used in the figure
$$ \upmu \left({\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{index}}+{\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{thumb}}+{\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{middle}}\right)\ge {\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{axial}} $$
$$ {\mathrm{L}}_2\upmu \left({\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{index}}+{\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{thumb}}\right)-\left({\mathrm{L}}_2-0.5\mathrm{d}\right){\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{middle}}\ge \left({\mathrm{L}}_1+{\mathrm{L}}_2\right){\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{pitch}} $$
$$ 0.5\mathrm{d}\left({\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{index}}+{\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{thumb}}\right)\ge {\mathrm{L}}_1\ {\mathrm{F}}_{{\mathrm{yaw}}_{\mathrm{left}}} $$
The minimum tension conditions for the axial, pitch, and yaw directions were calculated with Eqs 8 to 10 in Table 1, substituting the fingertip force shown in Eqs 1 to 3 for the fingertip force conditions for a stable grasp shown in Eqs 4 to 7. L1, L2, 1, 2 and d in Eqs 1 to 7 were measured to calculate the required tensions. The literature described range of the frictional coefficient between two nonmetal materials (0.4 < μ <0.9), and the maximum pen tip force (Faxial = 1.300, Fpitch = 1.390, Fyaw = 0.304) were also applied to obtain the tension conditions [2528]. According to the results in Table 1, the minimum tension required to keep the grasp stable in all directions is 7.39 N.
Table 1 Calculation of the minimum tension condition and the required tension using the maximum pen tip force from the literature
We developed a tension-maintenance system using the capstan equation (Fig. 5a), which sustains a stable grasp posture after the required tension is attained. Figure 5 shows the winder, which is composed of one spool and one winder that holds the grasp force when the wire is wound around the pulley. The wire passes through a hole in the spool. One end of the wire is fixed at the winder (point B in Fig. 5), and the other end is fixed at the glove (point A in Fig. 5b). The process for using the tension-maintenance winder is shown in Fig. 5d. The wire passes through the spool when the user pulls the winder. After the fingers have been gathered into a grasp, the user can easily attach the winder to the spool by connecting the magnets on the spool and the winder. Messy wire is easily re-arranged by rotating the winder, and this process also generates the tension required for a stable grasp. Target users who have injuries to the C5 or C6 sections


text:
Definition from Nolo's Plain-English Law Dictionary
The percentage of a person's monthly gross income that is spent on paying debts, such as housing and credit card payments. Banks and lenders use this ratio to decide how much money (and on what terms) they will lend someone for a mortgage, car, or other loan. Traditionally, lenders have said that your housing costs (mortgage principal and interest, homeowner's insurance, and property taxes, also known as PITI) shouldn't exceed 28% of your gross income, and that your overall debt (PITI plus car and other loan payments) shouldn't exceed 36%.
Definition provided by Nolo's Plain-English Law Dictionary.
August 19, 2010, 5:14 pm


text:
Welcome to Fort|Thress
Hi, I'm Carl Thress (pronounced "trĕs" -- the "h" is silent). Few things in life hold as much power as the written word. From the soothing sound of a child's favorite story to the passionate prose that inspires nations and elevates the human conscience, words shape our values, articulate our ideals, and provide meaning and purpose to our lives. The gospel writer John equated the written word with the divine. "In the beginning was the Word," he wrote, "and the Word was with God... and the Word was God."
Well-crafted writing can captivate and inspire. It can anger and engage. It can lead young men to see visions and old men to dream dreams. The opposite is true, as well. Mark Twain once compared the difference between the right word and the almost right word to the difference between lightning and the lightning bug. A lightning bug might capture the imagination for a moment, but lightning has the power to stir a storm of thought and emotion so strong it can literally change the world.
Finding the right word... the right thought... the right phrase is my passion. It's why I became a writer, and why I continue to write today. For me, writing is a journey, not a destination. Come, join me on the ride.


Home > Company News
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wifi positioning accuracy
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Update time : 2020-03-17 18:11:56
wifi positioning accuracy
15-200 meters in most citys.
WIFI positioning principle:
Does the GPS locator needs to connect to the WIFI?
No, WIFI password is not required in WIFI positioning, just need to be able to detect WIFI signal. The GPS tracker will not actually connect to the WIFI hotspot.
WIFI positioning accuracy:
WIFI positioning and LBS base station location are both not a very reliable positioning method, there is no clear error accuracy range, usually about 50 meters, but also possible errors outrageous more than that.
WIFI positioning advantages:
WIFI positioning advantage is that WIFI positioning is an in indoor positioning method, while there is no GPS signal indoors.
Another advantage of WIFI positioning comparing with LBS is that the number of WIFI hotspot base stations is a lot more than the number of hot spots, so the more WIFI hotspot in indoor positioning, the more accurate of WIFI base positioning.
WIFI positioning disadvantage:
Since the wireless router is easier to move, such as moving, changing office. So a hot WFI position is not fixed, the stability of WIFI positioning will be relatively poor.
Comparing WIFI positioning and GPS positioning, we can see GPS positioning accuracy is higher, and reliability is also higher than WIFI positioning.
The reliability of WIFI positioning is not as good as LBS base station positioning.
Check from the APP if the positioning signal type is GPS or LBS or WIFI positioning.
When it is outdoor environment, the GPS tracker will search GPS signal for positioning, if there is no GPS signal, it will turn into LBS positioning (triangulating cellular network).
When the GPS tracker is in indoor environment, there will be surely no GPS signal, only LBS positioning(triangulating cellular network) or WIFI positioning (without logging in with the credentials).
You can click to disable LBS positioning or disable WIFI positioning by APP if you want.
1.GPS positioning is only available in the outdoor, the accuracy is
around 5-15 meters.
2.LBS positioning is mainly for indoor positioning, the accuracy is
around _PHONE_ meters.
3.WIFI positioning is mainly for indoor, the accuracy is around
15-200 meters in most citys.
Please note that No matter it is GPS or LBS or WIFI positioning, you will have to make sure that the GPRS internet connection in the tracker is working.


text:
Deuteronomy uses unusual parallel terms "the shegar of your herd and the ashtorot of your flock" to describe the offspring of livestock. These are names of the ancient West Semitic fertility goddess known as Ashtoret or by her less familiar bi-name Sheger. Her consort is (sometimes) the god Ashtor. What do we know about these deities and what do they have to do with livestock?
The connection between the Israelite festival of Sukkot in the temple and the Ugaritic new year festival and its dwellings of branches for the gods.


text:
It is commonplace in New Testament studies to point out that ancient writings need to be understood within their contemporary context if a historical reading is what we aim for. Most often, however, the framework within which to understand a text's thought patterns is sought in the world of ideas that can be found in other literary texts roughly contemporaneous with the text under investigation. It is far less common for scholars to provide a detailed analysis of the institutions of ancient societies in which the transmission of oral traditions and the production of texts were embedded, and allow this socio-institutional setting to interpret the thought patterns of a text. In this study, key ritual-theological themes in Matthew's narrative world are linked to, and understood from within, first-century synagogue institutions. As a result, Matthew's theology of purity, forgiveness, and atonement emerge as thoroughly intertwined with a first-century Jewish worldview rather foreign to later forms of mainstream Christianity.
"Saving the Lost Sheep of the House of Israel: Purity, Forgiveness, and Synagogues in the Gospel of Matthew" by Anders Runesson – Read full article here.
Dr. Anders Runesson is an Associate Professor at McMaster University in Canada. Please visit his website _URL_


text:
George Stubbs, Lion and Lioness, 1771
From the Boston Museum of Fine Arts:
Stubbs began his career as a portraitist and an anatomical illustrator, becoming widely renowned with the publication of The Anatomy of the Horse (1766). His aptitude for rendering the physical structure of animals is evident in the muscular haunches of this lioness. Natural phenomena were both an object of study and a source of awe for eighteenth-century artists and scientists, who endeavored to describe the natural world, master its complexity, and convey its sublime power. By manipulating setting, light, and color, Stubbs gives his realistic representation of the lions, plants, and trees an eerie and fantastic quality.


Religion & Ethics: Content from Across the ABC
Date/Time 29 Dec 2014 1:43:28pm
To spend a lifetime studying ANYTHING will igve that subject a level of subjective importance out of proportion to its real value. Hence the importance of logic and critical thinking to help avoid years of wasted time and effort.
The positions taken at the core of religious belief don't stack up - they have no evidentiary or logical support and can be explained fully via evolution, social cohesion, and basic psychology.
To spend a lifetime becoming a'serious educated theist' (quote from an earlier post) is more akin to a star trek fan learning klingon than it is to a serious pursuit of knowledge (i.e. it can still be fun, but it isn't important).


Sidebar; Snapshot; Timeslide; Google apps script examples - Copy file and move to another folder. Has "Google Apps Script templates" been deprecated. Is there a way to create a copy to clipboard button in Sidebar using Google's Apps Script? Google has many special features to help you find exactly what you're looking for. With Google Apps Script, you can easily create a Web App that serves HTML, JSON, XML or plain text output using the HTML service. So, The form automatically submits the data to the server. Each example includes the type of text to match, one or more regular expressions that match that text, and notes that explain the use of the special characters and formatting. When the sidebar is opened, in order to close the sidebar, the sidebar can be closed by running with the script of sidebar. To get started, let's create a rudimentary function to send a request to GitHub's API. First, you will need to get the value or range by using Googles server-side script. Google apps script examples - Google Apps script getRange - copy multiple range spreadsheet. Google apps script if else statements instruction(s) should be enclosed within the curly braces.. The sidebar will open in the right-hand side of the document window as shown in the following screenshot. When your publish your Google Script project as a web app, the script gets a public URL (think API) that can be invoked from external applications using either HTTP GET or POST requests with query parameters and request body. **Build with Google** Feature-rich APIs let you extend Google services and build your own web applications. There is no sidebar for a Google calendar like Docs, Sheets, and Forms have. This app shows scenarios developers can achieve using NativeScript. Google Apps Script에서 javascript로 모달 대화 상자 템플릿에서 사이드 바 템플릿의 html을 업데이트하는 방법은 무엇입니까? Google Apps Script is a language based on JavaScript to let you manipulate Google Sheets (and the rest of G Suite).... Google apps script examples - Google apps script for GA - Get Report Data of Google Analytics Profile. For this tutorial, we will start simple though and get you on your way to writing your own custom functions. Big changes coming! If you've ever used an "add-on" in Google Apps, it's using this scripting framework. Google Apps Script also offers a few additional features and utilities that allow you to interact with other Google Services, like Spreadsheets, but also Google Drive, Gmail, and even Google Maps! google FormとLINEを連携しています LINE Notifyを使用しています googleフォームに入力するとLINEに通知が行くようにGASを組んでいますトリガー設定もフォーム送信後LINEに通知がいくようになっています。 以前うまくできていたのですが、goog I have a template on my drive, the script should make one copy of this, and set the owner as the person who submitted the google form. The Google scripts are written in regular JavaScript language and they are hosted on Google's servers. Finding Merged Cells In Your Google Sheet using Apps Script. People Directory - Awesome Table with Sidebar - Google Apps Script Examples Search this site All of the code runs on Google's servers to interact with your documents. ¿Quieres aprender a programar en Google Apps Script desde cero? This website uses cookies and other tracking technology to analyse traffic, personalise ads and learn how we can improve the experience for our visitors and customers. It can be accessed from within Google Sheets from Tools > Script Editor. Apps Script is a rapid application development platform that makes it fast and easy to create business applications that integrate with G Suite. Then you will have to display it client-side in your HTML document. The sidebar layout size is a fixed one, which means you cannot change, alter, or resize it. With the Awesome Table gadget, display people directories from data in a Google Sheet. Step 2: Create a Google Apps Script to pull data from the API. A Source code preview is available for every example. Google Apps Script is a JavaScript cloud scripting language that provides easy ways to automate tasks across Google products and third party services and build web applications. We may also share information with trusted third-party providers. "auto" branch is the future of the project - jychri/google-apps-script-cheat-sheet The code to create a copy of the template is: function copyTemplate(user, spreadsheetName, userDate) { Browse the examples to get first-hand experience with the framework. Extend the functionality of your favorite Google and G Suite apps like Gmail, Docs, and Drive with Google Apps Script. In our case, we'd like to be able to pull values from our spreadsheet each time someone submits a response and insert those values into an email that is then sent to the appropriate parties. The time is. This is not preferable in a … I would like to view a sidebar in Google Calendar but I can't find method. In Spreadsheet there is: SpreadsheetApp.getUi().showSidebar(), there isn't in CalendarApp. Google Script-Sidebar button keeps opening a new tab (2) Issue: