text: We present results from a 15-year 10-member warm season (March–September) hindcast ensemble of maximum and minimum surface air temperatures and precipitation in southeast USA. The hindcasts are derived from the Florida State University/Center for Ocean-Atmospheric Prediction Studies Global Spectral Model (FSU/COAPS GSM) and downscaled using both the FSU/COAPS Nested Regional Spectral Model (NRSM) and a statistical downscaling method based on stochastic weather generator techniques. We additionally consider statistical bias correction of the dynamical model output. Basic descriptive statistics indicate that the bias-corrected and statistically downscaled data reduce the FSU/COAPS GSM bias considerably in terms of basic climatology. Statistics describing the daily precipitation process are improved by both downscaling techniques relative to the bias-corrected GSM. Improvement in monthly and seasonal hindcasts relative to FSU/COAPS GSM is spatially and temporally varying. Precipitation hindcasts are generally less skillful than those for temperature, although useful precipitation predictability exists at many locations. Hindcast improvements due to downscaling are greatest over peninsular Florida. The smallest root mean square errors (RMSE) for temperature hindcasts are found in the southern part of the study region during the spring months of March, April and May (MAM) for maximum surface air temperature, and in the summer, June, July and August (JJA), for minimum surface air temperature. Overall, there is no indication that either downscaling method has a direct advantage over the other.


text:
Sclerosing mesenteritis occurs when the tissue mesentery that holds the small intestines in place becomes inflamed and forms scar tissue.Sclerosing mesenteritis can cause abdominal pain, bloating and diarrhea. In rare cases, scar tissue formed by sclerosing mesenteritis can block food from moving through your digestive tract. Surgery may be necessary in this situation.
sclerosing mesenteritis is asymptomatic, gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea/vomiting, bloating, loss of appetite, weight loss and diarrhea or constipation, Occasionally, intermittent partial bowel obstruction is encountered. Non-gastrointestinal symptoms include fatigue, weight loss, night sweats and fever.
Includes abdominal surgery or trauma, autoimmunity, paraneoplastic syndrome, ischaemic injury and infection.small bowel mesentery is affected in most cases although the sigmoid mesocolon and omentum can also be occasionally be involved.Sclerosing mesenteritis, inflammatory pseudotumor, retroperitoneal fibrosis and IgG-4 related disease are rare inflammatory conditions that may present as a pelvic mass and mimic malignancy or infection. There is considerable overlap between these inflammatory conditions often leading to diagnostic and therapeutic confusion. Sclerosing mesenteritis is characterized by chronic inflammation, fibrosis and fat necrosis, and is thought to originate from the small bowel mesentery

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
An Anciente Mappe of Fairyland 1000-Piece Jigsaw Puzzle
Bernard Sleigh (British, 1872–1954)
An Anciente Mappe of Fairyland: Newly Discovered and Set Forth
, c. 1920
"There lingers a faint, plaintive music, as of far-away organ pipes, of whispering harps, and the sighing of wind amongst the reeds." In his text accompanying this map, artist Bernard Sleigh detailed the secret to entering the magical world called Fairyland: the key is in the heart of every child. His booklet—a guide—is included here in full, so your eyes, too, may be opened to the realm's rainbow-guarded shores. Both the booklet and the map are in the Geography and Map Division of the Library of Congress, the world's largest library, holding more than 162 million items.
Thoughtfully conceived and engagingly intricate, our interlocking jigsaw puzzles combine superb color reproduction, stunning and unusual images, and sturdy construction to delight generations of novice and veteran puzzleworkers.
WARNING: Choking hazard—small parts. Not suitable for children under 3 years.


noting that, despite appearances, \theta = 0 is not a solution (as can be checked from the original form of this equality, unless x and y are infinite, in which case the expression is clearly non-negative, as we show towards the end of this post). This leaves us with \theta = \pi and
\cos(\theta) (\tan^{-2}(\theta/2)-xy) = \sin(\theta)(x+y-2\tan^{-1}(\theta/2)),
as candidates for where the minimum may be. A quick check shows that:
F(\pi,x,y) = 4 \int_0^x \frac{s^4}{(1+s^2)^2} ds+4 \int_0^y \frac{s^4}{(1+s^2)^2} ds \ge 0,
since x and y are non-negative. The following obvious substitution becomes our greatest ally for the rest of the proof:
x= \alpha \tan^{-1}(\theta/2), \, y = \beta \tan^{-1}(\theta/2).
Substituting the above in the remaining condition for \partial_\theta F(\theta,x,y) = 0, and using again that \tan^{-1}(\theta/2) = (1+\cos\theta)/\sin\theta, we get:
\cos\theta (1-\alpha\beta) = (1-\cos\theta) ((\alpha-1) + (\beta-1)),
which can be further simplified to (if you are paying attention to minus signs and don't waste a week on a wild-goose chase like I did):
\cos\theta = \frac{1}{1-\beta}+\frac{1}{1-\alpha}.
As Greg loves to say, we are finally cooking with gas. Note that the expression is symmetric in \alpha and \beta, which should be obvious from the symmetry of F(\theta,x,y) in x and y. That observation will come in handy when we take derivatives with respect to x and y now. Factoring (\cos\theta)^3 -3\cos\theta -2 = - (1+\cos\theta)^2(2-\cos\theta), we get:
\partial_x F(\theta,x,y) = 0 \implies \sin^3(\theta) y + 4\frac{x^4}{(1+x^2)^2} = (1+\cos\theta)^2 + \sin^2\theta (1+\cos\theta).
Substituting x and y with \alpha \tan^{-1}(\theta/2), \beta \tan^{-1}(\theta/2), respectively and using the identities \tan^{-1}(\theta/2) = (1+\cos\theta)/\sin\theta and \tan^{-2}(\theta/2) = (1+\cos\theta)/(1-\cos\theta), the above expression simplifies significantly to the following expression:
4\alpha^4 =\left((\alpha^2-1)\cos\theta+\alpha^2+1\right)^2 \left(1 + (1-\beta)(1-\cos\theta)\right).
Using \cos\theta = \frac{1}{1-\beta}+\frac{1}{1-\alpha}, which we derived earlier by looking at the extrema of F(\theta,x,y) with respect to \theta, and noting that the global minimum would have to be an extremum with respect to all three variables, we get:
4\alpha^4 (1-\beta) = \alpha (\alpha-1) (1+\alpha + \alpha(1-\beta))^2,
where we used 1 + (1-\beta)(1-\cos\theta) = \alpha (1-\beta) (\alpha-1)^{-1} and
(\alpha^2-1)\cos\theta+\alpha^2+1 = (\alpha+1)((\alpha-1)\cos\theta+1)+\alpha(\alpha-1) = \\ (\alpha-1)(1-\beta)^{-1} (2\alpha + 1-\alpha\beta).
We may assume, without loss of generality, that x \ge y. If \alpha = 0, then \alpha = \beta = 0, which leads to the contradiction \cos\theta = 2, unless the other condition, \theta = \pi, holds, which leads to F(\pi,0,0) = 0. Dividing through by \alpha and re-writing 4\alpha^3(1-\beta) = 4\alpha(1+\alpha)(\alpha-1)(1-\beta) + 4\alpha(1-\beta), yields:
4\alpha (1-\beta) = (\alpha-1) (1+\alpha - \alpha(1-\beta))^2 = (\alpha-1)(1+\alpha\beta)^2,
which can be further modified to:
4\alpha +(1-\alpha\beta)^2 = \alpha (1+\alpha\beta)^2,
and, similarly for \beta (due to symmetry):
4\beta +(1-\alpha\beta)^2 = \beta (1+\alpha\beta)^2.
Subtracting the two equations from each other, we get:
4(\alpha-\beta) = (\alpha-\beta)(1+\alpha\beta)^2,
which implies that \alpha = \beta and/or \alpha\beta =1. The first leads to 4\alpha (1-\alpha) = (\alpha-1)(1+\alpha^2)^2, which immediately implies \alpha = 1 = \beta (since the left and right side of the equality have opposite signs otherwise). The second one implies that either \alpha+\beta =2, or \cos\theta =1, which follows from the earlier equation \cos\theta (1-\alpha\beta) = (1-\cos\theta) ((\alpha-1) + (\beta-1)). If \alpha+\beta =2 and 1 = \alpha\beta, it is easy to see that \alpha=\beta=1 is the only solution by expanding (\sqrt{\alpha}-\sqrt{\beta})^2=0. If, on the other hand, \cos\theta = 1, then looking at the original form of F(\theta,x,y), we see that F(0,x,y) = 6\pi - 6\arctan(x) +2x/(1+x^2) -6\arctan(y) +2y/(1+y^2) \ge 0, since x,y \ge 0 \implies \arctan(x)+\arctan(y) \le \pi.
And that concludes the proof, since the only cases for which all three conditions are met lead to \alpha = \beta = 1 and, hence, x=y=\tan^{-1}(\theta/2). The minimum of F(\theta, x,y) at these values is always zero. That's right, all this work to end up with "nothing". But, at least, the last four weeks have been anything but dull.
Update: Greg offered Lemma 7.4 from the same paper as another challenge (the sines, cosines and tangents are now transformed into hyperbolic trigonometric functions, with a few other changes, mostly in signs, thrown in there). This is a more hardcore-looking inequality, but the proof turns out to follow the steps of Lemma 7.1 almost identically. In particular, all the conditions for extrema are exactly the same, with the only difference being that cosine becomes hyperbolic cosine. It is an awesome exercise in calculus to check this for yourself. Do it. Unless you have something better to do.
8 thoughts on "Greg Kuperberg's calculus problem
 1. Pingback: Greg Kuperberg's calculus problem | Φ...
 2. Let me say that the mathematics beyond "the most well-known trigonometric identity of all time" is mostly intractable to me but still this was an enjoyable, very readable and engaging narrative.
 Thanks for sharing your story – it highlights the human aspect in problem solving.
 - Thanks Terry. Indeed, the math used here may seem intractable to most non-practicing mathematicians, but nothing is beyond high school level algebra, trigonometry and basic calculus. The hard part is the "how did he know to do that substitution, or re-write the expression in that other form"? The cases where this was not obvious in my writing are the cases that required two weeks of looking at trigonometric identities until they were my best friends.
 - What a rude and spiteful comment: Spyridon emphatically says he worked out this problem just for fun, with no pretensions to grandeur. You know what the mark of a small, pathetic mind is? Trivializing someone else's work solely in order to self-aggrandize.
 - It's not that bad. Perhaps Jack doesn't have a lot of experience reading about the weeks often spent "barking up the wrong tree" in research, and just wanted to apprise us of another interesting anecdote.
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Tokyo Fiber 2009 SENSEWARE PART 2
Part 2 of our coverage. Jun Aoki, Kashiwa Sato, Kengo Kuma, Kosuke Tsumura.
Part 1, Part 3
Exhibition: Tokyo Fiber
Ultra-long arm thin beam cantilever lighting fixture
Jun Aoki / Toray Industries, Inc.
Material: TORAYCA
With a pure and simple innovative approach, architect Jun Aoki took a close look at carbon fiber and conceived a product that straightforwardly brings out the characteristics of this fiber. Carbon fiber provides strength under tension and is very light, as can be clearly seen from the structure of the long cantilever bean that Aoki produced. Stretching across the room, the lighting fixture illuminates more than enough space for five chars side by side, even when the chairs are spread out.
Toy building blocks made from highly elastic monofilament fibers
Kashiwa Sato / Toyobo Co., LTD.
Art Director Kashiwa Sato is active in a wide range of areas from kindergarten design to design of mobile phone handsets. Sato had the idea of making blocks for kindergarten age children. These are soft building blocks of air. The highly elastic monofilament is extruded into random cells to make a cushion material that is 95% air, thereby effectively capturing air in three dimensions. The material is washable, safe, and clean. Ideal for building dens!
Light penetrable architecture for communicating with outside
Kengo Kuma / Mitsubishi Rayon Co., LTD.
Material: Plastic optical fiber ESKA
By embedding optical fibers continuously, then cutting across fibers, it is possible to make concrete that light will penetrate. Kengo Kuma, known for architecture, understands building design can be influenced by the potential of its materials. These piled light blocks create a new architectural vocabulary. The space he produced is translucent, so people inside sense the shadows of people walking outside. This represents a radical change for the character of a solid material that would normally shut out light.
Softness and firmness from the same material
Kosuke Tsumura / Kuraray Co., LTD.
Kosuke Tsumura, a fashion design who is constantly searching for new, meaningful perspectives for clothing and people, created clothing for a mother and her baby. The rockable cradle that gently accepts the new-born baby is made from a material that is soft like a blanket. The impression in the center is firm like a silk cocoon. Individual laser cut units are combined like puzzle pieces to form the mother's clothes.


text: Book Description: Childhood and Child Welfare in the Progressive Era examines a central focus for reform efforts between 1870 and 1930: children. Progressive-era reformers, holding the middle-class childhood as ideal, found the lives of poor urban children especially troubling. Using the methods of the social sciences, they studied this population and sought government action to remedy what they saw as poor children's deprivations. In this volume, James Marten first introduces these issues and then presents a collection of documents and images from books, social surveys, and social work journals that describe the conditions of urban children, track the development of "a right to childhood," and explain programs to improve children's health, promote juvenile justice, and prevent child labor. A final section presents children's experiences in their own words, as they reflect on the perils and fun of their young lives. Document headnotes, a chronology, questions for consideration, and a selected bibliography help contemporary students understand why the Progressive era was so crucial in the development of ideas about the nature of childhood and government's responsibility for child welfare.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


can guinea pigs eat butter
Can Guinea Pigs Eat Butter?
Butter is a dairy product which contains up to 80% butterfat which is solid when chilled and at room temperature in some regions and liquid when warmed.
It is frequently made from cows milk, and can also be manufactured from the milk of other mammals, such as goats or sheep. (source)
Can guinea pigs eat butter?
Unfortunately, dairy products are not good for guinea pigs at all. They cannot handle the content in particularly the fat.
It will make them sick if they eat it and so is worth avoiding as a food for them.
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text:
In 3D-wavelet video coding framework temporal filtering is done along the trajectory of motion using Motion Compensated Temporal Filtering (MCTF). Hence computationally efficient motion estimation technique is the need of MCTF. In this paper a predictive technique is proposed in order to reduce the computational complexity of the MCTF framework, by exploiting the high correlation among the frames in a Group Of Picture (GOP). The proposed technique applies coarse and fine searches of any fast block based motion estimation, only to the first pair of frames in a GOP. The generated motion vectors are supplied to the next consecutive frames, even to subsequent temporal levels and only fine search is carried out around those predicted motion vectors. Hence coarse search is skipped for all the motion estimation in a GOP except for the first pair of frames. The technique has been tested for different fast block based motion estimation algorithms over different standard test sequences using MC-EZBC, a state-of-the-art scalable video coder. The simulation result reveals substantial reduction (i.e. 20.75% to 38.24%) in the number of search points during motion estimation, without compromising the quality of the reconstructed video compared to non-predictive techniques. Since the motion vectors of all the pair of frames in a GOP except the first pair will have value ±1 around the motion vectors of the previous pair of frames, the number of bits required for motion vectors is also reduced by 50%.
|Number of pages||6|
|Journal||World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology|
|Publication status||Published - 03-2009|
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes


_USER_{Braun2007Telling, abstract = {We investigate the matching algorithm used by the German central clearinghouse for university admissions (ZVS) in medicine and related subjects. This mechanism consists of three procedures based on final grades from school (Abiturbestenverfahren, Auswahlverfahren der Hochschulen) and on waiting time (Wartezeitverfahren). While these procedures differ in the criteria applied for admission they all make use of priority matching. In priority matching schemes, it is not a dominant strategy for students to submit their true preferences. Thus, strategic behaviour is expected. Using the full data set of applicants, we are able to detect some amount of strategic behaviour which can lead to inefficient matching. Alternative ways to organize the market are briefly discussed.}, address = {Berlin}, author = {Sebastian Braun and Nadja Dwenger and Dorothea K\"{u}bler}, copyright = {_URL_ keywords = {C78; D02; D78; I29; 330; Matching; university admissions; strategic behaviour; Studienfach; Berufswahl; Zentrale Organisation; Matching; Spieltheorie; Deutschland}, language = {eng}, number = {759}, publisher = {Deutsches Institut f\"{u}r Wirtschaftsforschung (DIW)}, title = {Telling the truth may not pay off: an empirical study of centralised university admissions in Germany}, type = {Discussion papers // German Institute for Economic Research}, url = {_URL_ year = {2007} }


text: In this article we present an algorithm to estimate the orientation of a robot relative to an orientation specified at the beginning of the process. This is done by computing the rotation of the robot between successive panoramic images, grabbed on the robot while it moves, using a subsymbolic method to match the images. The context of the work is Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (SLAM) in unstructured and unmodified environments. As such, very few assumptions are made about the environment and the robot's displacement. The algorithm's performance depends on the value of a number of parameters being determined to provide overall good performance of the system. The performance is evaluated in different situations (trajectories and environments) with the same parameters and the results show that the method performs adequately for its intended use. In particular, the error is shown to be drifting slowly, in fact much slower than unprocessed inertial sensors, thus only requiring infrequent realignment, for example when relocalizing in a topological map. Limitations of the proposed methods are also shown and discussed.


training-828760_1920Crepitus is a medical term used for a certain sound like crackling, popping and crinkly feeling underneath the skin. It can be due to a presence of a gas bellow the surface, either in the lungs or inside the joints. The sound comes from the air fluctuating beneath the soft tissue, where normally it should not be. It can be a sign of a cartilage wear associated with certain joint diseases. It is often heard as a symptom in arthritis or joint injury. It is normal for a popping sound to be heard sometimes when moving your leg or bending your knee. This sound comes from forming bubbles in synovial fluid. The crackle sound is different and not considered normal.
Associated Signs That Can Come With Crepitus
 - Pain inside the joint area which can be due to cartilage tear and friction between bone surfaces
 - Morning stiffness after long period of inactivity which gets better after physical activity
 - Swollen joint, red, hot and inflamed
 - Limited movement and rigidity
Signs Which May Indicate More Serious Condition
 - Stabbing pain in the chest with a pressure sensation that's getting worse
 - Cyanosis (a violet/blue-ish color of the skin which is an indicator of hypoxia or low saturation of the hemoglobin)
 - Fever, chill and infection symptoms
 - Vomiting, diarrhea, gastrointestinal problems
 - Loss of consciousness and alterations of mind
Causes Of Crepitus
Some of the popping sounds are normal and nothing to be concerned about. But there are some conditions where the crackling sound can indicate a certain disease or complication. Here are some of them:
 - Arthritis. The wear of the joint which is common in elderly due to wear of the cartilage cushion which leads to inflammation and pain. Eventually, bones rub on each other, leading to crackling sounds and pain.
 - Meniscus tear. It is common in athletes and sporty people who tend to overuse the joints. It can happen while running or doing some extreme activity. It can create crepitus when you try to bend your knee and mostly if there are some loose bodies that irritate the meniscus and lead to crackling sound phenomena.
 - Chondromalacia patella. This is a patellofemoral pain syndrome which goes with overuse or injury of the knee joint. It can cause pain behind knee cap and crepitation sounds when moving.
 - Penetrating injuries that occur in the thorax or abdomen which can cause tension pneumothorax when the air gets trapped inside the chest.
 - Injury of the hollow organ such as intestines or stomach. It can create the air escape in the abdomen which can produce air crepitation under the skin.
 - Infection such as clostridium perfrigens which can cause gas production and lead to crepitation and gas gangrene.
Complications depend on the affected area and the size of the change. It differs from joint to thorax changes and can lead to life-threatening conditions.
 - The joint injuries can progress and end up in chronic pain, lack of joint movement and rigidity. It is advised to consult a doctor for the right treatment.
 - An open injury can lead to post-infection due to bacterial invasion of the open wound. It is important to stick to aseptic conditions and regularly treat the wound and keep it clean.
 - A condition such as pneumothorax can lead to a life-threatening condition where the trapped air can compress the lungs even more and damage the heart function due to increased gas pressure which can result in hypoxia, cyanosis, and cardiac arrest.
Home Remedies
Depending on the cause, certain remedies can be solved with home remedy treatments or certain change in lifestyle. Here are some of them.
 - Cold Compresses. If you notice that your knee or other ankle starts to swell, you should put some ice on a towel and press on the affected area. It will numb the pain and cause vessels constriction which will reduce the swelling. Don't keep it longer than 15 minutes and take a break if it needs more than one-time treatment.
 - Elastic Bands. They can help with managing joint which needs a bit of support. It will give the needed pressure and ease the pain and will also keep your joint in place which will reduce further injury.
 - Weight Loss. If you have a genetic predisposition to arthritis or osteoarthritis, you should keep your weight optimal since it can increase the chance of occurrence in later life. You should eat well and keep your activity to a moderate level.
 - Supplements. If you suffer from weak joints and you are prone to cartilage wear, you should take mineral and vitamin supplements such as vitamin D, calcium and certain creams with hyaluronic acid.
 - Medications. If you suffer from joint conditions, you can take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen to ease the pain and stop the inflammation. You can take Advil or aspirin, but be careful if you're taking other drugs since they can interact and cause hemorrhage.
 - Moderation Of A Lifestyle. If you overuse your joints, you are at high risk of joint injury and cartilage tear. You should avoid extreme and sudden moves and you should wear protective clothes and certain bandages for compression.
Medical Treatments
There are certain conditions which can't subside by itself and it needs medical attention. There are some treatments for recovery.
 - Replacement of the meniscus or cartilage inside the joint.
 - Bone abrasion which can help with friction between the bones.
 - Chondroplasty which is a medical treatment used for smoothing out the cartilage edges.
 - Surgery for pneumothorax and air evacuation which may include some complication solving too.
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text:
A variant of Quidditch, Quodpot was invented in the eighteenth century by Abraham Peasegood, and is the most popular wizarding game in the United States. Peasegood travelled to the United States from England, and, during the trip, his wand came into contact with a Quaffle in his trunk. The resulting interaction meant that, when he took the Quaffle out and began throwing it around, it exploded in his face. Having a lively sense of humour, Peasegood and his friends set about recreating the effect on a series of leather balls, and the game of Quodpot was born.
Centred around the explosive properties of the ball, known as the Quod, a game of Quodpot is played between two teams with eleven players each. The players attempt to get the Quod into the pot at the end of the pitch before it explodes. When the Quod is safely in the pot - which contains a solution to stop the Quod from exploding - the scorer's team gets a point and a new Quod is brought into play. Any player in possession of the Quod when it explodes must leave the field of play.
Behind the scenes
- It could be argued that Quodpot, and its relationship to Quidditch, is a tongue-in-cheek reference to the state of sports in the real world, where sports that are popular in Europe (such as Football, Cricket and Rugby) are not as popular in North America, whilst sports popular in North America (such as American Football, Basketball, Baseball, and Hockey) are also not overly popular in Europe.
- Quidditch Through the Ages (First appearance)


text:
Updated: 06/05/2017 by Computer Hope
In Microsoft Word, there are times when a link to a web page or even a location within the same document is needed. Adding this type of link, called a hyperlink, can be done by following the steps below.
- Open Microsoft Word.
- Type the appropriate text in the Word document.
- With your mouse or keyboard, highlight the text you want to turn into a hyperlink. For example, in the picture below, the text "ComputerHope website" is highlighted.
- In the menu bar or Ribbon at the top of the Word program window, click the Insert tab.
- On the Insert tab, in the Links section, click the Hyperlink option.
- In the Insert Hyperlink window, type in the web page address you want to set the highlighted text to link to in the Address text field, then click OK.
Tip: You can also press the keyboard shortcut Ctrl+k to insert a hyperlink on any highlighted text.
As shown in the picture below, the highlighted text is now a hyperlink, set to the desired web page.
Tip: To set the highlighted text to link to a location within the same document, click the Place in This Document option on the left side. You can then select a place to link to within the document.
- See our hyperlink and insert definitions for further information on these terms.


HTML Scrolling Menu
Images of alchemical apparatus
Illustrations of Alexandrian chemical apparatus, from a 10/11th century manuscript in St Mark's, Venice. These drawings were first published by the French chemist M. Berthelot in his Introduction a l'etude de Ia chimie des anciens et du moyen age, Paris, 1889.
Back to apparatus page
1. Alembic with two delivery tubes (dibikos) on a furnace.
2. Alembic on furnace vessels for fixation.
3. Alembic, on furnace, with receiver.
4. Vessel for fixation, on furnace.
5. Dibikos with two receivers.
6. Tribikos on furnace, with two receivers.
7. Copper distillation apparatus and receiver: no still-head.
8. Tribikos.
9. Distilling furnace. The distillate falls into a heated cauldron.
10. Still-head.
11. Cylindrical digestion vessels of earthenware, heated.
12. Kerotakis apparatus (heated palette).
13. Ash-bath on tripod.
14. Container for the substance to be treated.
15. Kerotakis.
16. Condensation vessel for the sublimate.
17. Kerotakis apparatus.
18. Kerotakis apparatus.
19. Palette with two containers for substances.
20. Kerotakis (heated palette).
21. Kerotakis apparatus.
22. Condensers for sublimation.
23. Kerotakis apparatus.


Rainforest Jasper
Rainforest Jasper is a special kind of Rhyolite Lava found in volacnic areas all over the world. With it's brown-green background with orange highlights it resonated and earthy feel. Quartz Crystals are commonly found in the stone along with other minerals.
Rainforest Jasper is known for it's subdued and subtle earth energy attracting grounding and pleasant energy to ones life. It can give you a deep connection with Mother Earth and natural environments.


text:
Since partnering with the Pew-MacArthur Results First Initiative in 2013, four California counties—Fresno, Kern, Santa Barbara, and Santa Cruz—have used evidence-based policymaking to meet the challenges of the state's landmark criminal justice reform effort, the Public Safety Realignment Act (commonly known as Realignment). The law, passed in 2011, has altered the landscape of the state's criminal justice system, transferring responsibility for more than 60,000 offenders to California's 58 counties and requiring county governments to develop facilities, policies, and programs to serve this population. Fresno, Kern, Santa Barbara, and Santa Cruz counties are using rigorous evidence to assess their current strategies and guide funding and policy decisions that will reduce recidivism, with assistance from Results First.
This report documents the progress of these four counties, which are on the cutting edge of a nationwide movement to make data-driven decisions. Over the past two years, each county has made advancements in addressing the challenges posed by Realignment by using the Results First approach to:
- Direct resources toward cost-effective programs shown to work.
- Inform the planning and development of new programs.
- Restructure contracting and grant processes to prioritize evidence-based programs.
- Ensure that programs are delivered with fidelity to practices most likely to produce results.
Download the full issue brief.
Results First: A Model for Cost-Effective Policy Choices
The Results First Initiative, a project of The Pew Charitable Trusts and the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, works with states and localities to develop the tools that policymakers need to identify and invest in effective programs that yield high returns on investment. Using innovative methods that can be customized, Results First partners learn to:
- Create an inventory of currently funded programs.
- Review which programs work.
- Conduct benefit-cost analysis to compare programs' likely return on investment.
- Use evidence to inform spending and policy decisions.
These efforts have helped leaders improve public outcomes, reduce costs, and increase accountability by ensuring that resources go to effective, cost-beneficial approaches.


text:
Measure, Assess, and Improve Your Performance
JCI standards serve as the foundation of an evaluation process that can help health care organizations like yours measure, assess, and improve performance.
It's our goal to develop standards that promote quality and ensure patient safety. JCI standards set clear expectations for organizations that are reasonable, achievable, and measurable. The standards are developed and organized around important functions common to all health care organizations.
JCI develops standards with input and information from:
- Health care organizations
- Subject matter experts
- Scientific literature and industry guidelines
- Technical Advisory Panels
- Other key stakeholders
Joint Commission International standards specify that organizations must collect data as part of their quality improvement system. To comply with these standards, the organization's leadership selects well-defined, evidence-based measures that are applicable to the organization's patient populations and services. With the retirement of Joint Commission International's Library of Measures, JCI accredited hospitals could consider using The Joint Commission's performance measures for guidance on collecting data.
Learn about performance measure resources by visiting The Joint Commission's (TJC) performance measurement page.


text: March 7th marked the day Eastwood third grade students loaded up and headed out west! The STEM challenge had students using their knowledge about simple machines, force, and Missouri's history including The Oregon Trail. Students were tasked with designing and creating a Conestoga Wagon using 2 straws, 10 toothpicks, 2 pipe cleaners, a chunk of cardboard, a large piece of paper, and some masking tape. The wagon had to be able to withstand the weight of a Little Hug Fruit Barrel. The students decided that the most challenging part of the task was creating wheels that would spin freely on the axel, then finding a way to attach the wheels and axel to the wagon.


DataStax Enterprise 3.0 Documentation
Using Mahout
Latest DSE documentation | Earlier DSE documentation
DataStax 2.1 and later support Apache Mahout, a Hadoop component that offers machine learning libraries. Mahout facilitates building intelligent applications that learn from data and user input. Machine learning use cases are many and some, such as the capability of web sites to recommend products to visitors based on previous visits, are notorious.
Currently, Mahout jobs that use Lucene features are not supported.
Running the Mahout demo
The DataStax Enterprise installation includes a Mahout demo. The demo determines with some percentage of certainty which entries in the input data remained statistically in control and which have not. The input data is time series historical data. Using the Mahout algorithms, the demo classifies the data into categories based on whether it exhibited relatively stable behavior over a period of time. The demo produces a file of classified results.
To run the Mahout demo
 1. After installing DataStax Enterprise, start an analytics node.
 2. Go to the demos directory in one of these locations:
 - Tarball install: cd /demos/mahout
 - Packaged install: cd /usr/share/dse-demos/mahout
 3. Run the script in the demo directory. For example, on Linux:
 If you are running OpsCenter, view the Hadoop job progress:
When the demo completes, a message appears on the standard output about the location of the output file. For example:
The output is in /tmp/clusteranalyze.txt
Using Mahout commands in DataStax Enterprise
You can run Mahout commands on the dse command line. For example, on Mac OSX to get a list of which commands are available:
cd ~/dse-3.0
bin/dse mahout
The list of commands appears.
Mahout command line help
You use one of these commands as the first argument plus the help option.
cd ~/dse-3.0
bin/dse mahout arff.vector --help
The output is help on the arff.vector command.
Add Mahout classes to the class path, execute Hadoop command
You can use Hadoop commands to work with Mahout. Using this syntax first adds Mahout classes to the class path, and then executes the Hadoop command.
dse mahout hadoop
For example, a Mahout file as input to this command, converts the file to text, so you can read it:
cd ~/dse-3.0
bin/dse mahout hadoop fs -text | more
The Apache web site offers an in-depth tutorial.


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Why combine math and art?
Here at mathartfun.com, we think there are at least four really good reasons to combine math and art.
1. It's good for your brain
It is well known that the brain is divided into two hemispheres, left and right. Broadly speaking, the left hemisphere is characterized as analytical, logical, systematic, digital, and rational - features commonly associated with mathematics. The right hemisphere is characterized as intuitive, random, holistic, visual, sensory, and spatial - features commonly associated with art. "Left-brained" people learn through phonetic and analytical methods, while "right-brained" people learn through visual methods.
These two hemispheres are connected by a thick bundle of nerve fibers called the corpus callosum. One interesting finding is that the corpus callosum is highly developed in concert pianists, people who excel at using both hands together in an activity that is both mathematical and artistic, systematic and sensory.
There is a growing body of scientific evidence linking performance in math with the arts, most notably with music. One example is the so-called "Mozart Effect", in which students were found to perform better on tests shortly after listening to Mozart's music, as if there was a temporary raising of the I.Q. There has also been a recent controlled study which found that students who played piano regularly over a period of time tested approximately two grade levels higher in mathematics than students who did not.
While the brain's development and functioning and how it relates to math and art is a topic only sketchily understood at present, it does seem clear that combining mathematics and the arts is good for the brain.
Mathartfun.com... Bringing together your left and right hemispheres since October of 2000!
2. It can turn kids (and other humans) on to mathematics
For reasons outlined above, some people who don't respond well to the traditional equation-oriented presentation of mathematics do respond to a visual presentation of mathematics. M.C. Escher is a perfect example; he was a poor math student in school. It wasn't until he visited the Alhambra in Spain as an adult and saw the wonderful geometries of Islamic art that he became turned on to mathematics. In fact, his response was so strong that his art was completely transformed from more-or-less traditional landscapes to the fantastic mathematical art he is famous for.
3. It leads to a different kind of art
Historically, mathematics played an important role in art, particularly in perspective drawing; i.e., the means by which a three-dimensional scene is rendered convincingly on a flat canvas or piece or paper. Mathematics does not play an overt role in most contemporary art, and in fact, many artists seldom or never employ even perspective drawing. The emphasis is more on emotion (particularly "dark" emotions), social issues, or psychology. One reason for this is probably the fact that artists tend to be strongly "right brain" individuals who were not particularly good at mathematics in school.
While there is nothing wrong with this sort of art, a lot of people don't relate to it very well. In addition, diversity in all things is good and healthy, and this includes diversity in art. Art that is overtly based in mathematics is in general quite different from mainstream art. It is for the most part more intellectual and less visceral. Some people find it more interesting than mainstream art, while others find it less interesting. In general, one has to take time to think about it. At mathartfun.com, we think this is a good thing. It runs counter to many trends in society, such as watching television, which encourage people to turn their minds off.
4. It reveals things about nature
Mathematics is the language of nature. It is an amazing and wonderful fact that our universe obeys simple mathematical formulas. For example, the gravitational attraction between two bodies varies precisely as the inverse of the square of their separation. Mathematical discoveries reveal something inherent in the fabric of our universe. The Mandelbrot set wasn't invented by man, it was there waiting to be uncovered by man. Our world is a sphere which orbits the sun in an ellipse, flowers possess rotational symmetry, and the system of arteries in the human body can be described with fractals.
An in-depth formal understanding of more complex mathematical concepts is not within the grasp of many people, but mathematical art can visually convey these wonders to a wide audience. Mathematical objects are often simultaneously familiar and enigmatic. Mathematical art can convey this sense of wonder and help reveal the mathematics inherent in nature.
Search Mathartfun products:
© 2000-2012 Tessellations


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The Cultural Engagement Framework celebrates our diversity and creates opportunities for all Australians to participate in our cultural life. It includes:
- Indigenous Australians
- People with a disability
- Multicultural Australia
- Young people
- Regional and marginalised communities
Young People and the Arts
The Australia Council values the important contribution that young people make to the vitality of Australian cultural life. We recognise the fundamental importance of work created by, for and with young people including within educational settings.
We recognise that young people's opportunities to participate in and enjoy the arts may also be affected by issues relating to disability, cultural diversity, Aboriginality and living in regional or remote communities.
We aim to
- develop pathways for young artists into the arts profession
- promote, recognise and publish Australian best-practice examples of art by, for and with young people and the arts, including partnerships between artists and teachers
- develop research programs for young people and the arts, and education and the arts
- support for work that is produced for young people
- support for work that is produced by young people
- support for work that is produced with young people
- support for initiatives to develop young artists' capacity to professionalise their practice
- evidence of the benefits of investing in young people's artistic development and experience.
- Opportunities for Young and Emerging Artists program, which provides $6.6m over four years (2008-2011) to build skills and experience for young and emerging artists. It is a comprehensive, national initiative to help seed the future of Australian arts.
- ArtStart, which provides financial assistance to recent creative arts graduates who are committed to establishing a career as a professional artist.
- Creative Education Partnerships: Artist in Residence Initiative, managed in partnership with state and territory arts agencies and education departments, provides opportunities for artists and teachers to work together and deliver the benefits of creative practice in schools.
A young person is considered to be under the age of thirty (30). Please note that for certain categories of funding, artform boards and committees may determine a different upper age limit.
Resources and Links


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How Many Moves Do Chess Players Think Ahead?
Most people know that chess depends upon players being able to think ahead and predict their opponent's moves to win, but how many moves can chess players actually think ahead? As with any sport, chess players of greater skill have been shown to possess the ability to think many moves ahead, sometimes up to a dozen or more. However, in most cases, even chess grandmasters tend to think ahead in smaller intervals to keep the game from getting too complex. Here, we will look at how many moves the average chess player thinks ahead and how higher-ranking players think.
How Many Moves Do Average Chess Players Think Ahead?
The standard for what makes a novice chess player is usually determined by the Elo Rating System. This numerical scale ranks chess players based on skill, running from 1000 for beginners to over 2500 for grandmasters. A novice chess player usually falls within the five lower classes of the Elo System, Classes A to E, which starts with Class E (_PHONE_) at the low end and ends with Class A (_PHONE_) at the high end.
Novice to average chess players are often known for their ability to see anywhere from one to three moves ahead in a chess game. True beginners at the game often do not yet have the skills to see ahead at all, but once players begin to pick up skills like understanding the structure of the board, the movements of the pieces, and how to perform captures, they will begin to see how their opponent strategizes, and begin to predict moves and develop plans.
Most average chess players retain the ability to see one to three moves ahead in a game, even if they have played chess for many years. This is mostly because thinking ahead requires a lot of meticulous skill. Many average chess players, including most normal people, do not have the unique vision of the few natural chess masters in the world.
How Many Moves Do Master Chess Players Think Ahead?
In contrast to average chess players, master chess players, such as Candidate Masters, International Masters, and Grandmasters, can see many moves ahead in chess. Some grandmasters are reputed to be able to see anywhere from 15 to 20 moves ahead in a given game. Some chess legends suggest that grandmasters can see even further ahead, sometimes 25 to 30 moves, but this is often considered a myth, and even though many grandmasters can see more than a dozen moves ahead, most do not choose to do so very often.
The most common method of seeing ahead for grandmasters and other skilled chess players is to analyze various potential strategies an opponent may employ. Rather than looking at one strategy and following it for 15 or more moves, most grandmasters will think deeply about three or four potential plans an opponent may try to enact, predicting the next few moves for each strategy. The master will then predict which of those strategies their opponent is most likely to choose and make their move based on countering that strategy. In general, this is a more effective means of winning because it does not merely focus on one potential outcome but on many.
How Do You Learn to Think Ahead in Chess?
When looking at a chessboard or when seeing two skilled chess players face off against each other, many average players may feel discouraged, thinking that they could not possibly learn how to think ahead like a chess master. While it is very difficult to cultivate this skill, it is certainly not impossible. Learning how to think ahead in chess rests upon understanding how thinking ahead actually works, and then practicing it extensively.
In basic terms, thinking ahead in chess simply involves a player looking at the entirety of the chessboard, visualizing themselves making a certain move, and then calculating how their opponent would best respond to it. The key aspect of thinking ahead in chess is being aware of where all of your opponent's pieces are and knowing how they can move. For instance, one might see on a chessboard that an opponent's knight is available for capture by their queen, but then also notice that the opponent's queen is in a position to attack the square where the knight currently is. In such a case, the player would be thinking ahead by not capturing the opponent's knight, as they know that this will cause them to put their queen, a much more valuable piece, in danger.
There are many good ways to begin practicing thinking ahead in chess. One such method is correspondence chess, where two players engage in a match by mail, sending their moves back and forth to each other, which gives each player a lot of time to think and strategize. Another method is to memorize the squares on the board with memorization exercises, which will help aid in visualization. A final method is to take online or in-person chess lessons, practice chess puzzles on the Internet, and simply play as many games of chess as possible.
Looking ahead for possible moves is one of the fundamental aspects of a game of chess. Players who can master this ability and improve it to the point of seeing many moves ahead can often see great improvements in their quality of play, and the fostering of these mental skills is also beneficial to one's mental strength in other areas of life.


Odour Abatement Device
OAD (Odour Abatement Devices), also know as Odour Control Device or Odour Management Device. These are Polyethylene inserts with Activated Charcoal filter cartridges. They drop inside standard Hong Kong 600mm Square or split manhole frame (DS 1077 A) to absorb foul gas (H2S) that is released from gravity drainage or Air valves during the operation of sewerage rising mains.
As the foul gas in the chamber builds up, it is forced past the valve and through the cartridge filter, before exiting to Atmosphere out the manhole cover. The replaceable cartridge is filled with a special activated carbon which absorbs the smell associated with H2S gas.
The Mill-Pro OAD is designed with the following features to maximise cartridge life:
 - Rain Guard - to protect the Activated Carbon from being saturated by surface water leaking past the chamber lid.
 - High Pressure bypass valve - vents large quantities of Air (filling the pipeline) to atmosphere so as to not damage the media.
 - Expansion Bag - absorbs pressure changes inside the chamber to reduce media saturation
 - Media protection valve - prevents the activated Charcoal from being continually depleted due to constant gas exposure.
Without the expansion bellows and the media protection valve the foul gases in the chamber saturate the media in the cartridge after a short period of time and render it ineffective. These features preserve the absorbent ability of the media providing an typical annual replacement cycle, rather than after just a few months.
THIS AREA IS STILL UNDER CONSTRUCTION - Please contact us for more information


Charter for Sustainable Tourism (1995)
World Conference on Sustainable Tourism
The Charter is the result of the World Conference on Sustainable Tourism. It acknowledges that while tourism can be a positive force for socio-economic development and cultural interchange, it can also have negative consequences for communities. It calls for planning and management of tourism that conserves and protects the natural and cultural heritage. The Charter also calls for tourism to be ecologically bearable, economically viable, socially equitable for local communities, and sustainable for the future. With regard to the cultural heritage, the Charter calls for tourism to consider its effect on both the cultural heritage and the traditions of the local community. The Charter recommends special assistance for environmentally and culturally vulnerable areas and for areas that have been degraded as a result of high impact tourism.


to do a great deal in his short life. He studied medical science in Osaka, became an assistant to Shungaku Matsudaira (the governor of Fukui Province), and served in the cabinet of the Tokugawa shogunate government. Hashimoto advocated restructuring that government and opening Japan to the West so as to introduce advanced technologies.
You can find a full explanation of the text in essay 1576 on 稚 (immature, childish; young), but briefly the five sentences on the stone mean "Let us be rid of immaturity, activate our spirits, work out plans, endeavor to learn, and choose good friends." Great advice! By the way, the 一 atop each column on the stone merely indicates that a new column has begun.


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Hurlbert's Pebbling Page. Forcing (mathematics) Forcing is equivalent to the method of Boolean-valued models, which some feel is conceptually more natural and intuitive, but usually much more difficult to apply. identify with, and then introduce an expanded membership relation involving the "new" sets of the form.
Forcing is a more elaborate version of this idea, reducing the expansion to the existence of one new set, and allowing for fine control over the properties of the expanded universe. Change in the average geodesic distance of a graph when flipping a single edge. Is there a way to determine how the average geodesic distance between nodes of a graph will change just by flipping (1) a single edge without having to traverse the whole graph like in the Djikstra algorithm?
I'm currently doing this by expensively copying the graph, changing the edge, and then calculating the average geodesic distance of the new graph (using Dijkstra's algorithm) and subtracting it from the average geodesic distance of the original graph.. Is there a more clever way to to this? Cesar A. Hidalgo, Homepage.


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Scientists are claiming they have discovered a new species of monkey living in the remote forests of the Democratic Republic of Congo -- an animal well-known to local hunters but until now, unknown to the outside world.
In a paper published Wednesday in the open-access journal Plos One, the scientists describe the new species that they call Cercopithecus Lomamiensis, known locally as the Lesula, whose home is deep in central DR Congo's Lomami forest basin. The scientists say it is only the second discovery of a monkey species in 28 years.
In an age where so much of the earth's surface has been photographed, digitized, and placed on a searchable map on the web discoveries like this one by a group of American scientists this seem a throwback to another time.
"We never expected to find a new species there," says John Hart, the lead scientist of the project, "but the Lomami basin is a very large block that has had very little exploration by biologists."
Hart says that the rigorous scientific process to determine the new species started with a piece of luck, strong field teams, and an unlikely field sighting in a small forest town.
"Our Congolese field teams were on a routine stop in Opala. It is the closest settlement of any kind to the area of forest we were working in," says Hart.
The team came across a strange looking monkey tethered to a post. It was the pet of Georgette, the daughter of the local school director.
She adopted the young monkey when its mother was killed by a hunter in the forest. Her father said it was a Lesula, well-known to hunters in that part of the forest. The field team took pictures and showed them to Hart.
"Right away I saw that this was something different. It looked a bit like a monkey from much further east, but the coloring was so different and the range was so different," said Hart.
The monkey to the east is the semi-terrestrial owl-faced monkey. Based on the photos, Hart believed that their shape and size could be similar, but their morphology or outward appearance was very distinct.


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What Symptoms Lead To Your Diagnosis Of Epi How Was It Diagnosed
What Symptoms Lead To Your Diagnosis Of Epi How Was It
Patients with acute pancreatitis describe the symptoms they experienced that led them to their diagnosis of epi. your feedback is important to us! we will use your feedback to develop future areas of content about pancreatic diseases which will help other patients, caregivers and families. 1. animation exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (epi) 2. Patients with acute pancreatitis describe the symptoms they experienced that led them to their diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (epi). Diagnosis and tests how is exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (epi) diagnosed? many digestive problems cause symptoms similar to epi. your healthcare provider may suspect epi if you have a condition that affects your pancreas. Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, or epi, can lead to a number of digestive and nondigestive symptoms. by ashley welch august 6, 2021 6 common myths about exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Many symptoms of epi, such as stomach pain and diarrhea, can resemble those of other common conditions, making it tricky to diagnose. find out how this digestive disease can be diagnosed and treated.
How Lead Poisoning Is Diagnosed
Since the symptoms of epi are similar to other digestive conditions there's no single symptom that confirms an epi diagnosis. your doctor will likely use a variety of techniques to diagnose epi. Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (epi) can be tough to tell apart from other gi diseases, but your doctor can use a few tests that can confirm your diagnosis. Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (epi) causes problems in how you digest food. your pancreas doesn't make enough of the enzymes that your body needs to break down and absorb nutrients.
What Symptoms Lead To Your Diagnosis Of Epi? How Was It Diagnosed?
patients with acute pancreatitis describe the symptoms they experienced that led them to their diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (epi). when camille started experiencing digestive discomfort, she wasn't sure what was causing it. she sits down with joy bauer, rdn and nutrition & health expert, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (epi) is caused by a problem with the pancreas, an organ that plays an important role in digestion. symptoms of epi are similar let's be honest – we all have digestive issues from time to time. but how do we know when the problems are caused by something we ate or are the result of a what are dissociative disorders? dissociative disorders are when an individual feels as if they're outside they're own body. find more videos at infectious disease specialist mike edmond, md, explains what you should be avoiding right now using the letter c: confined, closed spaces crowded places a discussion of diagnostic frameworks and key features, and how they can help clinicians formulate accurate differential diagnoses. this lecture reviews the ways of interpreting the findings of a diagnostic test and evaluating the tests with respect to reproducibility, accuracy, and overall utility. the process of adjusting to a new diagnosis of epilepsy will be discussed; as well as ways to ease this adjustment. speaker: carrie erwin, lcsw yale this call reviews the many seizure mimics and provoked seizures that must be ruled out before making a diagnosis of epilepsy, including sleep disorders, what is atrial fibrillation? atrial fibrillation is an atrial arrhythmia where the upper chambers don't contract normally, causing higher heart rates in the lower what is social anxiety disorder? social anxiety disorder is characterized by a fear of social situations. find more videos at osms.it more. hundreds of


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My answer: As frequency increases, energy of photons also increases, so more energy is available per electron, so more electrons can escape and rate of emission increases
Book's answer: at higher frequency, fewer photons (per second) for same intensity, so rate of emission decreases. (Allow argument based on photoelectric efficiency)
I totally don't understand what the book is saying. Why fewer photons at higher frequency? And what is photoelectric efficiency?
Someone please explain to me, thanks.


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Benefits to Be Derived from Completing a Science Fair Project
Science fair projects are an enjoyable way to gain valuable science experience. Students who complete science fair projects tend to acquire skills such as independent research, analytical thinking, and creative problem solving. The following are additional benefits.
1. Developing creativity,
2. Experience in documenting, collecting and analyzing data,
3. Experience in making oral and written presentations,
4. Developing tenacity and confidence... It doesn't work;...It doesn't work;...It works!... EUREKA!
5. Increased self esteem,
6. Discovering that there are many good science fair projects.
7. Helping you decide which career to enter,
8. Developing interviewing skills,
9. High school science fair projects are accomplishments to put on a college application or job resume,
10. Discovering that science is fun (Of all the benefits to be derived from completing a science project, discovering that science is fun is by far the most important.), and
11. Your completed science project can continue as a basis for further research while you attend college. (Keep in mind that most science projects are not an end per se, but suggest more research culminating in another science project)Another important Benefit: Competing in the Science Talent Search
After you complete your science fair project, you may want to compete in the Intel Science Talent Search, which is often referred to as the "Junior Nobel Prize." During the 2007 Science Talent Search, Intel awarded more than $1,000,000 in prizes and scholarships. Intel also sponsors the Intel International Science and engineering fair.
To return to the top of this page, click: Science Project Benefits.


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April 22, 2011
Advancement through education: K-State community contributes to state's scientific history
On Saturday Kansans are encouraged to celebrate the state's 150 years of scientific achievements. And throughout this scientific sesquicentennial, Kansas State University has been there since nearly the beginning.
Ad Astra Kansas Day is a day to celebrate the research and advancements of Kansas residents. The Hutchinson-based organization Ad Astra Kansas Initiative is leading these efforts to promote Kansans contributions to science and technology that have affected Kansas and the world.
Each month this year Ad Astra is announcing more names on its list of the state's top 150 scientists of past and present. Four months in, 11 faculty and graduates from K-State have been chosen to be among historically noted Kansas researchers like George Washington Carver, Charles H. Sternberg, Clyde Cessna and Clyde Tombaugh.
Of those 11, the four active K-State faculty chosen thus far are: Charles W. Rice, a university distinguished professor of soil microbiology; Samantha Wisely, an associate professor of biology; T.G. Nagaraja, a university distinguished professor of diagnostic medicine and pathobiology; and Christine Aikens, an assistant professor of chemistry.
Nominations came last fall from universities and other organizations. Each scientist is featured on a digital trading card that includes a picture of the researcher and their scientific stats -- similar to a sports card. The cards are meant for K-12 students to help teach and emphasize the importance of science and innovation and the role they play in the history and future of Kansas.
The four current K-State faculty selections have each made important scientific contributions to the state, U.S. and the world:
* Rice was a member of the 2007 Nobel Prize-winning Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, and performs research in areas involving agricultural greenhouse gas mitigation and soil carbon sequestration. Rice is also one of five team leaders for the Kansas National Science Foundation Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research, a group using climate modeling to predict the effects of different climate scenarios and develop strategies for adaptation and mitigation to possible changes in climate.
* Wisely's research explores how environmental changes affect wildlife and animal habitats. She investigates how human-induced degradation to the landscape leads to genetic alteration in a species, as well as how this impacts the emergence and prevalence of wildlife diseases. She's also looking at how climate change shapes a species's evolution through habitat alteration. She helped lead a study into how Kansas' wildlife, particularly the greater prairie chicken, is affected by wind turbines, and is also part of a recovery team that works with the black-footed ferret, an endangered species that has an important role in the prairie ecosystem.
* Nagaraja has spent more than a decade studying E. coli O157 in beef cattle, looking at how the organism persists in cattle and their environment and how beef is exposed to it during the production process -- before eventually ending up on plates across the world. He contributed to a U.S. Department of Agriculture-funded project that found cattle fed a diet that includes the by-product distillers grain have higher levels of E. coli O157. Distillers grain is what's left after the starch from corn is removed to make ethanol.
* Aikens' research is in theoretical, physical and materials chemistry. Her projects range from sustainable energy sources to altering the optical properties of nanoparticles to develop a more effective cancer treatment. She's been recognized as one of the country's most promising young scholars by both the National Science Foundation and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation.


text: Dr. ZhiQiang Chen joined the Civil and Mechanical Engineering Department at University of Missouri-Kansas City in 2010. Chen received a Ph.D. in structural engineering from University of California, San Diego in 2009, where he completed his cross-disciplinary dissertation titled "Identifying Structural Damage from Images." Prior to joining UMKC, he conducted research in nonlinear soil-structure simulation, geotechnical centrifuge modeling, and system identification as a postdoctoral researcher at UCSD. At UMKC, Chen and his research group (_URL_) dedicate to discovering knowledge from complex interactions in constructed structures and developing advanced imaging and computing methodologies for assessing disaster-induced built environment losses. Chen also has interest in applying building information modeling (BIM) in sustainable energy research. Chen currently teaches / is planning to teach courses in structural engineering and computer engineering, including structural analysis, structural dynamics, advanced engineering mathematics, and advanced image understanding.


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Program Launch: Success Center for First-Gen, Limited-Income Students
New student success center will unite formerly separate resources and provide students with mentors, financial support, and more.
Phillips & Deleon / IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication / February 2022
About the case: First-generation Latinx students in technical and professional communication (TPC) and other graduate programs represent a growing percentage of students, yet stories of their experiences within higher education remain muted. The authors analyzed 10 Latinx testimonios (culturally situated narratives) wherein they voice their experiences as first-generation students in US graduate programs. Testimonialistas expressed how they navigate the complexities of being first-generation students and described how they persist and enact social justice. Situating the case: TPC programs may examine the relationship between social injustices and student retention and recruitment efforts, yet there is a dearth of literature regarding specific obstacles that Latinx students face. The authors examined how they build success through coalitional action and culturally informed tactical decision-making.
Methods: The authors recruited participants who self-identified as first-generation Latinx students in TPC and other graduate programs. The authors conducted and recorded semistructured interview sessions based in testimonio and intersectional feminist methodologies. The authors used qualitative data coding and MAXQDA coding software to assemble and map social justice themes at work across the testimonios. Results: Analysis suggests that first-generation Latinx graduate students draw on complex informal and formal networks to aid their success, desire more effective culturally responsive mentorship, and develop tactical decision-making skills to circumvent oppressive behaviors. Conclusions: The authors suggest that directors, mentors, administrators, faculty, and Latinx students begin with a social justice framework to better listen to, understand, and address first-generation Latinx college experiences and build cohort-based support mechanisms into programmatic objectives and professional development sessions.


I'm working on a simple guitar amplifier and reader with Arduino. The Arduino will use this input to find the amplitude and frequency of the input signal.
I'm getting confused about how the ADC inputs should be protected from negative voltages. So far, there's I've found two solutions: Use a diode to stop negative voltages OR offset the voltage. Using a diode seems like it would be easier to calculate the frequency since the negative cycle is just 0V, but I'm afraid that the signal will get too distorted or weak. But I'm just not sure which is the correct one for this situation. Which is the better solution? And why?
This is my circuit using a diode on the output. Vout is across R3: enter image description here
This is my circuit using offset voltage. Vout is the BJT collector voltage: enter image description here
 - \$\begingroup\$ You permanently lose dynamic range if you offset and know your signal won't ever have anything useful that is negative. \$\endgroup\$ – DKNguyen Jun 8 '20 at 23:22
1) In that circuit, set the collector resistor == Rbase / beta.
This set the DC Vout to VDD/2.
That suggests 1,000 Ohm in the collector.
2) your circuit will have a gain of 0.5 * ( 5v / 0.026 ) = 0.5 * 5 * 39 = 100x
Thus more than 0.05v input will be clipping (in the rails);
3) for moderate (10%) distortion, keep the input voltage at 4 milliVolts or less
4) the ADC needs to grab a bunch of charge during each sample; you can evaluate the impact of these impulse_functions, by adding 10nF from collector to Ground.
Your output voltage (across R3 or at the collector of the transistor) can not be negative. You are powering the transistor with a 5V supply...there is no way to get a negative voltage at the collector of the transistor in this circuit.
Assuming that you have properly biased the transistor, and that you are using an Arduino operating at 5V, then no offset or diode is needed to prevent negative voltages.
 - \$\begingroup\$ I ran some simulations (the same circuit as above, but with only a capacitor and no diode) and the output can reach up to -1V. This is below the Arduino's minimum voltage rating (-0.5V). \$\endgroup\$ – sparpo Jun 9 '20 at 0:18
 - \$\begingroup\$ Your simulation is wrong. Also putting a diode directly in series with a capacitor will result in no output at all. Think about it: A diode only passes DC, a capacitor only passes AC. result - nothing. \$\endgroup\$ – Kevin White Jun 9 '20 at 0:43
 - 1
 \$\begingroup\$ If you couple the output of the amplifier with a capacitor the voltage can go negative. You should either directly couple the collector to the ADC or ac couple via a capacitor with ADC biased to 2.5V with 2 resistors. \$\endgroup\$ – Kevin White Jun 9 '20 at 0:50
Your Answer


Not at home? Alexa can greet visitors for you on your Ring doorbell
The benefits of a smart video doorbell are numerous and obvious. When you aren't home, you can still respond to visitors and provide instructions for deliveries. The downside is that you have to be near your phone and not currently busy in order to respond to visitors, so what happens when you're in the middle of an important conversation or driving? Thanks to a new feature called Smart Responses, Alexa can greet visitors for you. Alexa's reach continues to grow beyond just being a voice for Amazon Echo smart speakers and displays.
There are three main Smart Responses: Quick Replies, Alexa Greetings, and Motion Warnings. It's worth pointing out that Alexa Greetings is the only smart response that is Alexa powered.
Quick Replies is a solution for those times when someone shows up at your door and you can't — or you just don't want to — answer. When someone comes to the door, you can choose from six preset responses, including "Please leave the package outside," "Hi, we'll be right there!" or "If you'd like to leave a message, you can do so now." This feature has already begun to roll out and will be available on Ring Video Doorbell models, with the exception of the Ring Video Doorbell Wired.
Alexa greetings turn your doorbell into a sort of smart concierge. It can greet visitors for you and provide contextual responses based on their answer. For example, Alexa might ask if a visitor wants to leave a message or what the purpose of their visit is. If the response includes the word "package," Alexa can ask if the packages require a signature and inform the delivery person where to drop the packages. It's a useful tool for when you're away from home but you still want to leave information for visitors.
One of the Smart Responses, Motion Warnings, acts as a deterrent to anyone with less than honorable intentions. As soon as the doorbell detects motion, it chimes in with the message: "Warning, you are now being monitored and recorded by Ring." It functions in much the same way as a yard sign for a security system. If a potential burglar knows they are being watched, they're more likely to leave.
These new Smart Responses make the Ring lineup of doorbells even more useful, all while adding another layer of intelligence to Alexa's capabilities.
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CRISPR/Cas9 A theoretical and practical approach
This course is a collaboration between Avans Hogeschool Breda and Hogeschool Inholland Amsterdam.
Aims of the course:
- Learn the basic principles of the CRISPR/Cas9 toolbox
- Learn the applications of the CRISPR/Cas9 toolbox in different model systems (human, plant and yeast/bacteria)
- Learn how to design guide-RNAs
- Learn how to perform a Crispr/Cas9 experiment on human cells
- Learn how to analyze a Crispr/Cas9 experiment
- Learn about the newest tools in CRISPR/Cas technology
This course has been developed for technicians and teachers from universities of applied sciences, and all other laboratory technicians who are interested or involved in the CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Participants are expected to bring their own laptop: (PC or Mac) as this will be needed for the course.


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The effects on neural proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSC) of basic fibroblast growth factor-2 (bFGF), insulin growth factor-I (IGF-I), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and nerve growth factor (NGF) were assessed. Also, following combinations of various factors were investigated : bFGF+IGF-I, bFGF+BDNF, bFGF+NGF, IGF-I+BDNF, IGF-I+NGF, and BDNF+NGF.
Methods : Isolated NSC of Fisher 344 rats were cultured with individual growth factors, combinations of factors, and no growth factor (control) for 14 days. A proportion of neurons was analyzed using -tubulin III and NeuN as neural markers.
Results : Neural differentiations in the presence of individual growth factors for -tubulin III-positive cells were : BDNF, 35.3%; IGF-I, 30.9%; bFGF, 18.1%; and NGF, 15.1%, and for NeuN-positive cells was : BDNF, 34.3%; bFGF, 32.2%; IGF-1, 26.6%; and NGF, 24.9%. However, neural differentiations in the absence of growth factor was only 2.6% for -tubulin III and 3.1% for NeuN. For -tubulin III-positive cells, neural differentiations were evident for the growth factor combinations as follows : bFGF+IGF-I, 73.1%; bFGF+NGF, 65.4%; bFGF+BDNF, 58.7%; BDNF+IGF-I, 52.2%; NGF+IGF-I, 40.6%; and BDNF+NGF, 40.0%. For NeuN-positive cells : bFGF+IGF-I, 81.9%; bFGF+NGF, 63.5%; bFGF+BDNF, 62.8%; NGF+IGF-I, 62.3%; BDNF+NGF, 56.3%; and BDNF+IGF-I, 46.0%. Significant differences in neural differentiation were evident for single growth factor and combination of growth factors respectively
Conclusion : Combinations of growth factors have an additive effect on neural differentiation. The most prominent neural differentiation results from growth factor combinations involving bFGF and IGF-I. These findings suggest that the combination of a mitogenic action of bFGF and postmitotic differentiation action of IGF-I synergistically affects neural proliferation and NSC differentiation.
|Key words :
||Neuron;Single growth factor;Combination of growth factors;Synergistic effect.


Version: 2020.2
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public Vector3 centerOfMass;
The center of mass relative to the transform's origin.
If you don't set the center of mass from a script it will be calculated automatically from all colliders attached to the rigidbody. After a custom center of mass set, it will no longer be recomputed automatically on modifications such as adding or removing colliders, translating them, scaling etc. To revert back to the automatically computed center of mass, use Rigidbody.ResetCenterOfMass.
Setting the center of mass is often useful when simulating cars to make them more stable. A car with a lower center of mass is less likely to topple over.
Note: centerOfMass is relative to the transform's position and rotation, but will not reflect the transform's scale!
// Expose center of mass to allow it to be set from
// the inspector.
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class ExampleClass : MonoBehaviour { public Vector3 com; public Rigidbody rb;
void Start() { rb = GetComponent(); rb.centerOfMass = com; } }


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Within the context of this conference we offer the following definitions for consideration and discussion:
Creativity: requires imagination and may lead to totally new principles and concepts. If fully supported and placed in the hands of imaginative, technically competent people, may lead to totally new methods, products and services. The keywords are:
- Imagination, -Support, - Implementation.
Innovation: requires imagination as well, but of a different kind. It is the ability to take existing methods, products and services, and to combine them in new ways in order to produce new methods, products and services. Ideally the people who will innovate in this way will be both creators and innovators, as this will enable the proposed innovation to be presented in a particularly attractive and original way. The keywords here are: - Contextualization, - Transferability, - Implementation
If the above statements are agreed, it might be worth considering then whether Bringing the spirit of Leonardo back to Leonardo might not primarily involve designing and implementing new management models. These would have to be fully capable of nurturing creativity and innovation in all potential Leonardo partner organizations in order to ensure that the required mindset is present at all levels from the moment that the project is designed, and that it is maintained throughout the project and its aftermath.


Can You See the Chart Under the Notes?
Annotating your chart helps your audience to understand the reasons behind some patterns or outliers. But, please, please, don't bury the data under boxes and arrows and busy grid lines, like this one on the right does (from WTRG Economics).
How can you improve a chart like this? First of all, the series must be visible… 🙂 Don't create a competition for the readers' attention. Notes should be in the background, like the axis, labels and other chart objects.
A note is not a marker. Add a note to explain a specific behaviour ("this happened because…"). If you have a time series, create a timeline outside the chart and add markers for relevant contextual events (there are several other design options).
It is easy to come up with something cleaner:
There was enough notes about quotas to create a new chart, with new insights. All the other notes are there, but they only murmur. I don't feel confortable with using two axis, but that's a topic for another post.
By the way: there is (at least) a perceptual error in my chart. Can you find it?
1 thought on "Can You See the Chart Under the Notes?"
 1. hey. i like the approach. did you "draw" the lines? how would you make it automatic? I have been using this approach
 the problem here is that if you make a dymanic chart to display different timelines (for example different equity indices using a dropdown element) the height of the error bars must also be dynamic. also, with many events they tend to overlap in a dymanic chart…
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Corruption and the Efficiency of Capital Investment in Developing Countries
This paper tests the effect of corruption on the efficiency of capital investment. Using firm-level data from the World Bank Enterprise Surveys, covering 90 developing and transition economies, we consider whether the cost of informal bribe payments distorts the efficient allocation of capital by reducing the marginal return per unit investment. Controlling for censoring and endogeneity, we find that bribery decreases investment efficiency. The negative effect is strongest for domestic small-sized and medium-sized enterprises. We conclude that reducing the level and incidence of bribery by public officials would facilitate a more efficient allocation of capital.


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Colaizzi's method of data analysis is an approach to interpreting qualitative research data, often in medicine and the social sciences, to identify meaningful information and organize it into themes or categories. The approach follows seven data analysis steps.
Qualitative research uses surveys with open-ended questions or loosely structured interviews to uncover how people think and feel in certain situations, such as becoming a first-time father or undergoing chemotherapy. A researcher can apply Colaizzi's seven steps to analyze the data collected in a survey or interview.
In the first step, the researcher reads a description of each person participating in the study to gain a sense of the participants. Next, the researcher extracts statements with significance to the research question, such as descriptions of how a first-time father feels about caring for a newborn. To reflect the research data accurately, the significant statements should be direct quotations from the participants. To analyze the significant statements, the researcher begins to articulate what the statements mean and creates themes from the meanings. The researcher groups similar themes together and organizes them into categories. Finally, the researcher integrates the results into a comprehensive description of the topic and returns to each participant to verify the results.


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The physician's workplace simplifies the patient's information search, the physician's examination data input and any patient document creation.
Application also allows quick lab data input, video and images acquisition (as a result of interoperation with medical devices), editing and saving key frames to patient documents.
The Physician's workplace consists of:
- Main menu common for all the workplaces:
- Field for one patient search\select;
- Selected patient's documents list;
- Patient documents view;
- Physician's schedule;
- Links for document templates;
- List of documents, created by specific date.


Tempering Chocolate: Tabletop Method | Lake Champlain Chocolates
Yes, it is possible to temper your own chocolate! How do you know if you're doing it right? Follow this straightforward recipe, and remember these basics: When properly tempered, chocolate is glossy in appearance and velvety smooth on the tongue. It will harden, be finely textured, and snap when broken.
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Yield: Based on amount of chocolate used
 - Step 1: Break chocolate into small pieces; this enables the chocolate to melt more easily, with less chance of scorching.
 - Step 3: Pour 13 of chocolate onto smooth surface and work with a spatula to spread out and scrape together. Continue spreading and scraping the chocolate over the smooth surface until it cools to 82-84°F. When it is thick with a dull finish, the chocolate is "seeded."
Marble slab or other smooth surface
Thermometer that reads temperatures between 80-130°F
Heating pad (for maintaining temperature while working)
Spatula and/or scraper


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We breed them, kill them, cook them. Millions of man-hours have been spent flinging Angry Birds at them, but has anyone ever tried playing video games with them? A team of livestock ethics researchers and game designers in the Netherlands is doing just that with Pig Chase.
The Playing with Pigs project, collaboration between the Utrecht School of the Arts, Wageningen University, and Wageningen UR Livestock Research, sprang from a conversation between philosopher Clemens Driessen and a group of pig farmers back in 2009. Apparently Europe requires pig farmers to supply entertainment objects for their pig pens, normally something simple like a ball attached to a chain. Clemens, a researcher in animal ethics, was trying to come up with an idea more appealing to the pigs but not as costly to the farmers as a constant supply of hay.
It was during this conversation that one of the farmers, likely attempting to be a smart-ass, suggested the pigs go Wii Wii Wii all the way to the dinner table.
When it became clear we were not really getting anywhere, the farmer in whose kitchen we sat started thinking more freely, and perhaps in desperation said: "Should we then paint a forest on the walls of the pens, would they like that?" We stared a bit at the watercolor hanging on the kitchen wall, an idyllic view of pigs lying in a field next to a pool of mud. Then she said: "Or give them what our children play with, they just got their Wii."
Clemens decided this was a spectacular idea, so he approached a group of game design researchers at the Utrecht School of the Arts and set about creating an interactive game for pigs and people too.
In the course of the project researchers determined that pigs, like any other animal you've ever harried with a laser pointer, enjoy playing with light. They'll track it, poke at it, and follow new lights across a surface.
That idea blossomed into Pig Chase. The pigs are given a large touch-sensitive screen to fool about with. A human armed with a tablet PC moves a ball of light across the screen, while cameras feed them images of any pigs that might want to play. The object, for the pigs, is to maintain snout contact with the light. It's the human's job to move the pig light into a triangular goal. If snout contact is lost, the light is reset. If a goal is scored, the screen goes crazy.
You can see a concept video of the game in action in the gallery above.
So what we have is a game that enables humans to play with an animal they normally only consume as meat. For pigs, humans are transformed into a source of entertainment.
The Playing with Pigs project's next step is turning its concept into a reality, so that one day pigs and people can play together at a cost much higher than simply picking up a cheap laser pointer at Walmart.
Playing with Pigs [Project Website via BoingBoing]


Purple Gang – Terrorizing Detroit in the 1920s
The Purple Gang
Led by Abe Bernstein, the Purple Gang was a mob of bootleggers and hijackers who operated out of Detroit, Michigan in the 1920s. This group of mostly young Jewish immigrants got its start in the Hasting Street neighborhood known as Paradise Valley in Detroit's Lower East Side. Many of the core members went to school together and as boys, became thieves and pickpockets in an area called the Eastern Market close to their school. As they got older, their crimes got bigger and they soon began to commit armed robbery, loan sharking, and extortion under the mentorship of older neighborhood gangsters.
By the 1920's Detroit had become a major port for running and distributing alcohol products from Canada during Prohibition.
They operated between Detroit and Chicago, and would meet behind the Bohm Theatre or in secret places in houses of Albion, a small town halfway between the two points. The gang supposedly received their name during a conversation between two Detroit market owners, each of them gang victims. One owner made the comment: "They're rotten, purple like the color of bad meat."
Perhaps the most ruthless bootleggers of their time, they may have killed over 500 members of rival bootlegging gangs during Detroit's bootleg wars.
Bootlegging netted the Purple Gang millions of dollars, but the mob was also involved in extortion, hijacking, and jewelry thefts. After the repeal of Prohibition in the 1930s, the Purple Gang members joined the growing national crime syndicate that was replacing the old school mafia leadership, fondly known as the Mustache Petes.
The Purple Gang also attempted to run gambling rings in Detroit, especially among the African American population. Run by Julius Horowitz, the son of the sugar supplier to the breweries, and a one-legged black gangster wanted in the South for murder, the operation was successful until the gamblers learned that the Purple Gang had been using loaded dice and other tricks to keep it profitable. A small riot followed from which Horowitz escaped but the black gangster was believed killed.
The Purple Gang was exceptionally violent, constantly at war with other gangs and with each other. Newspapers would often carry stories of gang murders on both sides of their conflicts, which were constant during the gang's existence. Too many openly violent crimes caused a string of convictions of Purple Gang members, while the intra-gang violence between different gang members damaged the gang's organization and its abilities to control its turf.
The Purples ruled the Detroit underworld for approximately five years from 1927 to 1932 and had almost complete immunity from police interference as witnesses to crimes were terrified of testifying against any criminal identified as a Purple Gangster.
However, jealousies, egos, and intra-gang quarrels would eventually cause the Purple Gang to self-destruct. In 1931 an intra-gang dispute ended in the murder of three Purples by members of their own gang. The three men had violated underworld code by operating outside the territory allotted to them by the Purple Gang leadership. Three members of the "Little Jewish Navy," a group of Purples who owned several boats and participated in rum-running as well as hijacking, decided they would break away from the gang and become an underworld power themselves. This was the beginning of the end for the Purple Gang.
The three men, Hymie Paul, Isadore Sutker, aka Joe Sutker, and Joe Lebowitz, were invited to a peace conference with Purple Gang leaders on September 16, 1931. However, after a brief discussion, the three unarmed men were shot to death.
The Purple Gang smuggling in liquor from Canada.
A bookie named Sol Levine, who had transported the three men to the fatal meeting, was arrested soon afterward and was quickly frightened into becoming a State's witness.
Levine's testimony was devastating and three of the four Purples involved in the incident were quickly arrested. Irving Milberg, Harry Keywell, and Raymond Bernstein, three high ranking Purple Gang members, were convicted of first-degree murder and sent to prison for life. Although the Purple Gang remained a power in the Detroit underworld until 1935, long prison sentences and intra-gang quarrels eventually destroyed the gang's manpower.
The Purple Gang were considered suspects in the case of the Lindbergh baby. The Purple Gang also used big grass lots all over Michigan for planting drugs which they planned on selling in Detroit.
The predecessors of Detroit's modern-day Mafia family simply stepped in and filled the void once the Purple Gang self-destructed.
Compiled by Kathy Weiser/Legends of America, updated January 2020.
Also See:
20th Century History
The FBI and the American Gangster
Gangsters, Mobsters & Outlaws of the 20th Century
Primary Source: Federal Bureau of Investigation


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Dynamics of resistive double tearing modes with broad linear spectra
- Author(s): Bierwage, A
- Benkadda, S
- Hamaguchi, S
- Wakatani, M
- et al.
Published Web Locationhttp://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=PHPAEN000014000002022107000001&idtype=cvips&gifs=yes
The nonlinear evolution of resistive double tearing modes (DTMs) with safety factor values q=1 and q=3 is studied with a reduced cylindrical model of a tokamak plasma. We focus on cases where the resonant surfaces are a small distance apart. Recent numerical studies have shown that in such configurations high-m modes are strongly unstable and may peak around m similar to 10. In this paper, it is first demonstrated that this result agrees with existing linear theory for DTMs. Based on this theory, a semiempirical formula for the dependence of m(peak) on the system parameters is proposed. Second, with the use of nonlinear simulations, it is shown that the presence of fast growing high-m modes leads to a rapid turbulent collapse in an annular region, where small magnetic island structures form. Furthermore, consideration is given to the evolution of low-m modes, in particular the global m=1 internal kink, which can undergo nonlinear driving through coupling to fast growing linear high-m DTMs. Factors influencing the details of the dynamics are discussed. These results may be relevant to the understanding of the magnetohydrodynamic activity near the minimum of q and may thus be of interest for studies on stability and confinement of advanced tokamaks.(c) 2007 American Institute of Physics.
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Tropical Storm Tim formed over the Coral Sea on March 13, 2013, and remained off the coast of northeastern Australia for the next four days. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA's Terra satellite captured this natural-color image of Tim on March 17. Although lacking a distinct eye, Tim still had the spiral shape characteristic of strong storms.
Unisys Weather reported that Tim's wind speeds rose to 55 knots (100 kilometers per hour) on March 14, but by March 17, speeds had dropped to 35 knots (65 kilometers per hour).
Another image of Tim, acquired on March 14, is available from the LANCE MODIS Rapid Response site.
- Unisys Weather (2013, March 18) Tim Tracking Information. Accessed March 18, 2013.
This image originally appeared on the Earth Observatory. Click here to view the full, original record.