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The human brain does not like chaos. When we see something that does not make sense, we try to find something familiar about it in order to bring it into a safe, comfortable place. That's why clouds sometimes look like elephants. Our logical brain gets together with our creative brain to solve the puzzle.
We don't limit this to things we see; we try to make sense of things we hear, things we read, anything in our lives that doesn't seem to fit neatly into something known or familiar.
When rules, policies, or traditions don't make sense we search for answers. This is especially true when we see something that seems unfair or out of balance.
For decades the Priesthood was denied to men of African lineage. This was confusing. It seemed unfair and out of sync with what members of the church believed to be just. It was a sky full of clouds and many theories were presented trying to make elephants out of them. Theories varied greatly, but none made sense to everyone; not everyone could see an elephant in that cloud.
Sometimes we can just look at the sky and see it for what it is, a sky full of clouds, but when we feel compelled to find shapes, we will. The Priesthood cloud compelled people to find shape because it wasn't just an ordinary cloud that could be dismissed as such. Our logical brains were demanding we make sense of it. Theories ranged from the absurd to the offensive. The only theory nearly everyone could accept was this: It's what God wants.
In the 14th century, logician and Franciscan friar William of Ockham in England, developed what has become known as Occam's (or Ockham's) razor. It is the idea that when you have several theories for why something is the way it is, the simplest theory is usually the right one. This is what members of the church settled upon. The simple answer to the Priesthood cloud was the better one — God wants it that way.
Fortunately, questions persisted. Questions are the lifeblood of the gospel. Major events leading to the restoration of the gospel all came as a result of someone asking a question. Joseph Smith entered the grove with a question on his mind. In 1978 President Spencer W. Kimball asked the question and the Priesthood cloud took shape.
We have the same situation today with the Priesthood. Women are not ordained. As with the African American situation, all kinds of theories are presented.
1. Men have the Priesthood and women have motherhood.
This cloud has a lot of holes in it and most people, when they really look at it, cannot make sense of it. If we are going to equate motherhood with Priesthood, several irregularities become apparent.
- The equivalent of motherhood is not Priesthood, but fatherhood.
- If we accept that Priesthood is conferred on condition of worthiness, we have to look at its "equivalent", motherhood in the same way. Therefore, only worthy women should be mothers.
- Men need not be married to receive the Priesthood, but entering into motherhood without marriage is unacceptable.
- Putting Priesthood and motherhood in positions equal to each other, or similar to each other, automatically relegates fatherhood to third place and this makes little sense in the eternal family view.
- Women who never become mothers fall to fourth place behind fathers.
Another reason given for why women do not have the Priesthood is:
2. Women don't need the Priesthood; they can share in it through their husbands or fathers.
- It's true that women can share in the blessings of Priesthood, but this is not the same as being bearers of the Priesthood.
- If women, including single women, can share in the priesthood, then men can do the same thing. We would really only need one person holding the Priesthood in the church and everyone else could just share in it.
Because it is a difficult thing to answer logically, Occam's razor ends up being the final word. God wants it this way. But how accurate is that? When we look at the Priesthood question concerning African Americans, one can make a good argument that God did not want it that way. It took reasonable men, in a time of emerging racial equality to make sense of it, ask God, and get the answer.
Anyone who has studied the gospel, the Bible, and attended the temple knows that Priesthood for men only is not an eternal principle.
In a 1969 address at Brigham Young University, Apostle Hugh B. Brown said:
"Our revealed truth should leave us stricken with knowledge of how little we really know. It should never lead to an emotional arrogance based upon a false assumption that we somehow have all the answers–that we in fact have a corner on truth. For we do not."
He then went on to say:
"Preserve, then, the freedom of your mind in education and in religion, and be unafraid to express your thoughts and to insist upon your right to examine every proposition. We are not so much concerned with whether your thoughts are orthodox or heterodox as we are that you shall have thoughts. One may memorize much without learning anything. In this age of speed there seems to be little time for meditation."
Things change. Sometimes it can take a while, but things change. One of the great things about the church is that questions are not only acceptable, they are encouraged. There are many things that have changed because of questions being asked and people sitting down and reasoning together.
When seeking change, it's important to remember what we were taught as children; ask nicely. Good things do not come from bitterness, or hateful dialogue. And although it's important to remember that God is God and we are not, it's also good to remember that God is reasonable. The heavens are open and revelation is an on-going blessing in our lives.
TEXT from the D&C: Declaration on the Priesthood (Source – lds.org)


Take the 2-minute tour ×
f:RdR≥0 is log-concave if log(f) is concave (and the domain of log(f) is convex).
Theorem: For all σ on the sphere Sd-1 and r∈R, gσ(r) := ∫σ.x=rf(x)dS(x) is a log-concave function of r. (Note: g, as a function of σ and r, is the Radon transform of f.)
Question: does this characterize log-concavity? That is, if gσ(r) is log-concave as a function of r for all σ, is f log-concave?
share|improve this question
2 Answers 2
up vote 4 down vote accepted
If I understand the question correctly, I think the answer is no.
Start with the following : if f is the indicator function of the unit ball, then the function g(r) is strictly log-concave close to 0 (this function does not depend on theta).
Now, let h be the indicator function of the ball of radius r<1. Then f-epsilon.h is never log-concave for any epsilon>0, and its Radon transform (which again is independent of theta) remains log-concave is epsilon is small enough.
(this is especially easy to see in dimension 2, in which case the Radon transforms of both f and h are second-degree polynomials on their support)
share|improve this answer
Great! Such a simple example, too. – Darsh Ranjan Oct 23 '09 at 1:28
The following answer exploits a wider context, where non-negative functions $f$, viewed as densities of absolutely continuous measures $f(x)dx$, are replaced by non-negative measures $\mu$. Because a concave function unbounded from above is $\equiv+\infty$, a log-concave measure $\mu$ is naturally an absolutely continuous measure with log-concave density.
Therefore the Lebesgue measure over the $2$-dimensional sphere $S^2$ is not log-concave over ${\mathbb R}^3$. Nevertheless, its Radon transform in a direction $\sigma$ is $$g_\sigma=2\pi\chi_{(-1,1)},$$ which is log-concave for every $\sigma$.
share|improve this answer
I like this example a lot, since a uniform measure on a sphere is far from log-concave. (And apparently I had never computed its Radon transform.) – Darsh Ranjan Sep 15 '10 at 0:18
Your Answer


_USER_{AAMM-8-306, author = {}, title = {Rectangular Lattice Boltzmann Equation for Gaseous Microscale Flow}, journal = {Advances in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics}, year = {2018}, volume = {8}, number = {2}, pages = {306--330}, abstract = {
The lattice Boltzmann equation (LBE) is considered as a promising approach for simulating flows of liquid and gas. Most of LBE studies have been devoted to regular square LBE and few works have focused on the rectangular LBE in the simulation of gaseous microscale flows. In fact, the rectangular LBE, as an alternative and efficient method, has some advantages over the square LBE in simulating flows with certain computational domains of large aspect ratio (e.g., long micro channels). Therefore, in this paper we expand the application scopes of the rectangular LBE to gaseous microscale flow. The kinetic boundary conditions for the rectangular LBE with a multiple-relaxation-time (MRT) collision operator, i.e., the combined bounce-back/specular-reflection (CBBSR) boundary condition and the discrete Maxwell's diffuse-reflection (DMDR) boundary condition, are studied in detail. We observe some discrete effects in both the CBBSR and DMDR boundary conditions for the rectangular LBE and present a reasonable approach to overcome these discrete effects in the two boundary conditions. It is found that the DMDR boundary condition for the square MRT-LBE can not realize the real fully diffusive boundary condition, while the DMDR boundary condition for the rectangular MRT-LBE with the grid aspect ratio a≠1 can do it well. Some numerical tests are implemented to validate the presented theoretical analysis. In addition, the computational efficiency and relative difference between the rectangular LBE and the square LBE are analyzed in detail. The rectangular LBE is found to be an efficient method for simulating the gaseous microscale flows in domains with large aspect ratios.
}, issn = {2075-1354}, doi = {_URL_ url = {_URL_ }


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Land reservoirs helped offset sea level rise, study says
Recent increases in the storage of excess groundwater may be helping to offset sea level rise by as much as 15%, a new study finds. While the capacity of land to store water is known to be an important factor affecting sea level rise, the magnitude of its storage contributions are not fully understood. Land masses store water in numerous ways, though some human-induced changes — including to groundwater extraction, irrigation, impoundment in reservoirs, wetland drainage, and deforestation – are affecting this process, as are climate-driven changes in rainfall, evaporation, and runoff. To gain more insights into how the land storage capacity may have changed over recent years, John Reager and colleagues analyzed satellite data from 2002 to 2014 that measure changes in gravity, and thus underlying changes in water storage. They combined this satellite data with estimates of mass loss of glaciers to determine what impact land water storage might have had on sea level change. Their analysis suggests that during this timeframe, climate variability resulted in an increase of approximately 3,200 gigatons of water being stored in land. This gain partially offset water losses from ice sheets, glaciers, and groundwater pumping, slowing the rate of sea level rise by 0.71 ± 0.20 millimeters per year, the authors say. While a small portion of the increase in land water storage can be directly attributed to human activities – primarily, the filling of reservoirs – the authors note that climate is the key driver. The greatest changes in land water storage were associated with regional climate-driven variations in precipitation.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


public class PersistenceConfig {
 AuditorAware auditorProvider() {
 return new AuditorAwareImpl();
5. Conclusion
We have considered three approaches to implementing auditing functionality:
 - The pure JPA approach is the most basic and consists of using lifecycle callbacks. However, you are only allowed to modify the non-relationship state of an entity. This makes the _USER_ callback useless for our purposes, as any settings you've made in the method will be deleted then along with the entity.
 - Envers is a mature auditing module provided by Hibernate. It is highly configurable and lacks the flaws of the pure JPA implementation. Thus, it allows us to audit the delete operation, as it logs into tables other than the entity's table.
 - The Spring Data JPA approach abstracts working with JPA callbacks and provides handy annotations for auditing properties. It's also ready for integration with Spring Security. The disadvantage is that it inherits the same flaws of the JPA approach, so the delete operation cannot be audited.
The examples for this article are available in a GitHub repository.
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Question: Does Caffeine Make Your Breasts Bigger?
Can caffeine cause dense breast tissue?
For the majority of us, caffeine will not affect breast health and symptoms.
It will not change breast density on your mammogram..
Does caffeine increase breast size?
Too much caffeine can affect the hormones in their bodies, scientists believe, playing havoc with their bust size. The more coffee the women drank, the smaller their breasts, the researchers also found.
Can I drink coffee before a breast ultrasound?
Although consuming coffee — as well as any other caffeinated products like tea, cola or energy drinks — won't affect your test results, it might lead to a less comfortable procedure.
Why should you not drink coffee before a mammogram?
Don't drink coffee, tea or caffeinated soft drinks during the week before a mammogram. Caffeine can make breasts tender and lumpy, which may lead to discomfort during a mammogram. Chocolate and some over-the-counter pain relievers also contain caffeine.
Can I get an ultrasound instead of a mammogram?
Ultrasound may also be used to assess the blood flow to areas around the breasts. The examination is often used along with mammography – but in some cases it is used alone. Unlike mammography, breast ultrasound does not use radiation, and therefore poses no risk to pregnant women.
Can drinking too much caffeine cause breast pain?
Beyond its potential impact on cancer risk, caffeine may affect breast pain. For instance, some women with fibrocystic breast tissue notice that when they avoid caffeinated products, their breast symptoms improve.


text:
see if any earthworms emerge. Any adult earthworms that appear can be taken and preserved for identification.
Health & Safety
You should carry out your own risk assessment before doing fieldwork. We recommend the following precautions:
- Avoid doing fieldwork on your own, if you do ensure you tell someone exactly where you will be and when you expect to return.
- Always ask permission from the owner before entering land.
- Always tell a responsible adult where you are going and what time you expect to return.
- Check the weather forecast before doing fieldwork, and take appropriate clothing.
- Be aware of local hazards such as dangerous wildlife or hazardous terrain.
- Watch out for dangers such as sharp objects and broken glass in soil
- Take care to avoid hurting yourself and soil borne diseases by wearing gloves.
- Always take a mobile phone and a map of the area.
- Know who to contact in the event of an emergency and check where the nearest source of help is in case your mobile phone does not work.
Except where otherwise indicated, this work was created by Keiron Derek Brown on behalf of the Earthworm Society of Britain and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.


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Scientific Method / Science & Exploration
A magnetic quantum ratchet made of graphene turns AC to DC
Graphene's orbitals shift to allow current to flow in only one direction.
A ratcheting socket wrench happily turns one way, but resists rotation in the opposite direction. A magnetic quantum ratchet allows flow of electrons one way, but not the other.
In a common type of mechanical ratchet, back and forth motion provided by a human arm gets converted to rotating motion that acts to tighten a screw or bolt. The role of the ratchet is to convert a force that changes direction into a torque acting in one direction only. That principle is generalized in many other systems that convert fluctuations (some of which may be random) into usable work. Many types of ratchets exist, in mechanical, quantum, and biological systems.
Researchers have now fabricated a magnetic quantum ratchet out of graphene, a two-dimensional hexagonal lattice of carbon atoms. C. Drexler and colleagues introduced asymmetries in the electronic structure by disrupting graphene's structure with hydrogen and modifying the substrate on which the carbon sat. When they exposed the modified graphene to an alternating electric current and a strong magnetic field, its electrons preferentially moved in one direction, setting up a directed current. So the modified graphene acted as an AC/DC converter. Although it's not practically useful, the behavior may tell us more about the rules that govern graphene-like materials.
Under ordinary circumstances, graphene is a symmetrical hexagonal lattice of carbon atoms. When exposed to an alternating electric current, the electrons oscillate, producing no direct current on average. Similarly, imposing a steady magnetic field in the presence of the alternating current alters the electronic properties of the graphene slightly, but doesn't tend to make the electrons move preferentially in one direction.
However, the researchers found that introducing even a relatively small number of hydrogen atoms on top of the graphene changed the situation. The same oscillating electric current and steady magnetic field produced a regular flow of electrons. They found a similar effect by modifying the substrate—the material underlying the graphene lattice.
The reason for this striking change in behavior is due to what's called a structure inversion asymmetry in graphene. In the presence of an external influence—in this case, the introduction of hydrogen atoms and a strong magnetic field—the shape of the electron orbits in the carbon atoms gets distorted in one direction. When exposed to the oscillating electric field, the electrons felt a strong resistive force in one direction (which the authors liken to friction), but increased mobility in the opposite direction.
In the analogy used in the research paper, the alternating current acts like the wheel of the ratchet, while the distorted electron orbits act like the pawl, which stops the ratchet from rotating in one direction but not the other. Due to its source and character, in graphene this is known as a magnetic quantum ratchet.
Given how simple it is as a substance, the existence of a structure inversion asymmetry is potentially interesting for understanding graphene's novel electronic and magnetic properties. Other systems exhibiting such behavior are three-dimensional lattices, while graphene is two-dimensional. The authors proposed examining other graphene-like two-dimensional structures, such as boron nitride.
As a practical means of making direct current out of oscillating electric currents, this experiment leaves much to be desired. The electric current was from a 3.34 terahertz (3.34 THz, or 3.34 × 1012 Hz) electromagnetic wave, which falls at the border between microwave and infrared light; household alternating current in the US is 60 Hz. Similarly, the magnetic field the researchers used was 7 teslas, more than twice the strength of a powerful MRI magnet.
However, the purpose of this experiment was the exploration of the electronic properties of graphene, not direct application. Nevertheless, the hidden structure inversion symmetry could help us understand some of the material's behavior, and pave the way to improved magnetic and electron-spin technology that uses graphene and graphene-like substances.
Nature Nanotechnology, 2013. DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2012.231 (About DOIs).Imp
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This genus contains only a single species. A. minshullae was described in 1994, from Zimbabwe.
It seeks shelter on the southern side of boulders on granite outcrops, it may also be found under rocks and logs in such areas. Reaches a total length of 30mm. This scorpion has two large lateral eyes on each side of the carapace and two medial eyes giving a total of 6 eyes. A. minshullae is yellowish in colouration and does not have a subaculear tubercle. As with many other scorpion genera A. minshullae males are smaller than females. Because of their small size and colouration, UV light detection is the best technique used for locating members of this genus. This scorpion was named in honour of the late Jacqueline Minshull who founded the department of arachnology at the Bulawayo museum in Zimbabwe. It's venom is likely to be potent but not life threatening under normal circumstances. Few collection records for this species indicate that it is a rare scorpion. A. minshullae was previously placed in the genus Lychas.
Because of its small size and distribution, this species is unlikely to be encounted.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
1. Why does the qr// operator accept the /o midifier?
So that you can create a'static' compiled regex object that can be interpolated in to more complex patterns subsquently in the program.
2. If you combine one or more parts defined with qr// in a regex with some non-precompiled stuff, do you still get the advantage of precompilation?
The discussion on p194 of Camel 3rd Ed. states that you can 'chain' qr// operaters into one pattern to prevent re-compilation, so the answer would appear to be 'no'.
3. If there was a non-compiled var reference in the above m//, do I still get any benefit from pre-compiling the other parts?
No; again, according to the reference above, the pattern would be re-compiled.
4. What happens if I add a /o modifier to the m// above?
You'd get a once-only compilation of the pattern.
5. If one or more of the per-compiled parts (and/or the non-precompiled parts) contains capture brackets, was there any benefit (in performance terms) from pre-compiling some parts?
I doubt that the presence or absence of capture brackets makes much difference to whether or not precompilation provides any benefit.


text:
Now showing items 1-1 of 1
Development of the Regional Policy Process for Air Pollution in South Asia, Southern Africa and Latin America
(Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001-01-01)
Projections indicate that large increases in emissions may occur in developing countries during the next twenty to fifty years if current development patterns persist. This paper describes the development of co-operation...


text:
Seeing Beyond the Words: An Interview with Derek Jennings
According to Aristotle, "The soul never thinks without a picture." So perhaps the image-based research Dr. Derek Jennings does could be defined as a way to 'discover what the soul is thinking'…
Jennings is an assistant professor in the Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences on the Duluth Campus and the outreach director for Research for Indigenous Community Health (RICH) Center. He has a PhD in curriculum and instruction (with an emphasis in communications and technology), a degree in philosophical and social foundations of education, with a minor in film/photography. He has also been a freelance photographer who has taught photography for 10 years at a summer arts institute.
He has become very skilled in using the qualitative research methodology called PhotoVoice. PhotoVoice allows Jennings to combine his wide areas of knowledge and skill to develop health research projects with American Indian communities.
PhotoVoice enables people to tell their own stories, expressing their thoughts, ideas, culture and values through photographic representations. It works like this: the community or the researcher picks a topic to explore. The participants make photographs that explore and represent the topic and tell their own story through images. The information is deep and rich, containing multiple layers of meaning.
The participants then talk about what they chose to photograph. It's an important part of the narrative to understand why these images where created, what they mean to the participant. Jennings knows, "Meaning that is attached by the person who took the picture, is the most powerful." So he listens carefully to their descriptions and analyzes the story they provide.
"I always talk about photographs as being just a file marker of abstract thoughts," Jennings explains. "If you handed me your family's photo album, I might not be able to know what's going on with the pictures. You would have to sit there and tell me what you remember… 'Oh, that was 2008, my grandmother's birthday... We were celebrating my graduation on this day with my family' – and you would tell me all these stories. But they really are just symbols that are file markers for your brain to attach meaning to."
He tells about a group of American Indian women who have become known for running trail races and exercising. At first the group was three to four women who were wanting to get healthier. They started walking. Soon others joined. What began with a just few women walking grew into a group of 20–30, running marathons. And they got healthier. "A couple of them lost around 100 pounds."
Jennings explains what drew him to this group for a PhotoVoice project.
"I like to find those things that are working, attach research to them to figure out why and how they are working." He then shares that information back to the community. The run-group is 'a thing that's working.'
The women have created a community of support for themselves: from the reservation, from family and from the run-group (friends). How? How were the women using social media to meet up to run? Most importantly, Jennings asked, "How do you make a community within a community, that will be supportive?"
He provided the women with cameras for about a week, to document their experiences and show what it means to them to run and to live healthier lives. "And so they photographed and told stories about their individual lives."
"A lot of them had compelling stories about past relationships, their families, wanting to be good ancestors for their children."
He learned that when they run, the women talk about their ancestors. Some who have been adopted out are trying to learn about their culture and rebuild their roots to their ancestors.
"They talk about trauma, they talk about things that have happened and how it has affected their lives. So it's kind of a therapy situation also."
"These women have done it [changed their lives] and I'm just trying to figure out how they did it and how it worked. With their encouragement, I was able to."
Currently Jennings is working on a project called Food Medicine.
"It's a model about food and behavior, history and connection to culture." He is drawn to this type of research because, "It's image-based so there is so much information, not just focusing on one little area."
Collaborative research is attractive to Jennings because it allows for multiple approaches from multiple perspectives. He prefers to explore issues this way. He works with American Indian communities, learning from collective wisdom. He also enjoys working collaboratively at RICH, as part of a larger team of researchers with differing expertise, "bringing many people around the same table, to solve health problems."
Dr. Michelle Johnson-Jennings is Jennings' wife and one of his collaborators at RICH. Both conduct research around tribal health issues, particularly obesity research, and both have said that combining their different approaches enhances the success of their projects.
Dr. Derek Jennings brings deep understanding and expertise of qualitative methods, especially image-based research. With a background in clinical psychology, Dr. Johnson-Jennings applies more quantitative approaches. Together they are able to examine a problem more fully than either approach can offer alone.
"This is the way of the future. I think this is how the academy will be ready to make changes in society – these more collaborative approaches to research."
(Originally published by the Office for Equity and Diversity. Written by Amelie Hyams.)


text:
A smooth surface that may be amorphous was formed on a working electrode of polycrystalline gold by sweeping the potential. In an electrolyte of 0.01 M copper sulphate and 0.01 M sulphuric acid the morphology of the gold surface and of copper deposits were followed by in situ STM. Gold surfaces which had previously been subjected to many cycles of potentiostatic bulk copper electrodeposition exhibited a characteristic granular structure. On top of the granular structure the smooth gold surface was built up by surface diffusion, except underneath the tip, which shows that in situ STM only probes the surface locally. The action of the tip creates a cavity in the surface. From simultaneous recordings of current-voltage diagrams and of in situ STM images it is suggested that both surfaces' structural transformations and gas evolution contribute to the total charge passed. The potential of the electrode process depends linearly on the tip potential and it was found that the electrode process observed by in situ STM can be related to features of the current-voltage diagrams and of cyclic voltammograms only when the tip potential is zero.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Condensed Matter Physics
- Surfaces and Interfaces
- Surfaces, Coatings and Films
- Materials Chemistry


text:
We Troubled the Waters by Ntozake Shange paintings by Rod Brown
This is a collection of 18 poems, from freed to the civil rights. Beginning with Booker T Washingtion School, 1941. About the first one room school for Black children and their teachers from Tuskgee.
There's a poem about Dr. Martin Luther King. Jr. Brown's painting of Dr. King is amazing. Overall, Brown's art made me pause and take notice. They are simply could be hanging in a museum beautiful.
The three poems that stand out for me - Crying Trees, The Ku Klux Klan and Brother Malcolm.
Crying Trees - Is about Black men being lynched. Shange's words are enough to touch a readers heart. Though for this particular poem I noticed Brown's art first. A picture is worth a thousand words is a saying for a reason. Black men hanging from trees is an ugly truth of this countries past.
The Ku Klux Klan - This poem stood out for me for two reasons. 1. Like lynching, I think the Klan tends to get overlooked. 2. The last line is lovely.
"hatred dies hard death and the Klan aint dead yet"
Brother Malcolm - Malcolm X, seems to be excluded or forgotten from children's books. I am not sure which.
Fans of Ntozake Shange and Rod Brown will love We Troubled The Waters. This is a wonderful place to begin for people unfamiliar with their work. This collection will make you think, remember, teach and lead to discussions.
Ages 10 up


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While the process of fulfilling demand has been practically stable, the time it takes to deliver an ordered product relative to the time it takes to make the product keeps falling. There may be disruptions within the supply chain process that require a re-evaluation of the information available for decision-making. Several scenarios may be evaluated, and this can be time-consuming. Where possible, automation of the process allows multiple scenarios to be evaluated within a short period of time. This leads to a better and faster access to information and can lead to better decisions and cost savings.
Join Alfred Degbotse and Venkat Nagasubramanian, Consultants at Arkieva, as they:
- Look at areas of the supply chain that have promise for automation
- Evaluate the benefits and challenges of process automation
- Assess the role of technologies in the automation process


10 reasons your kids need their cousins growing up
Family gatherings are an important part of growing up, especially if your kids have cousins similar in age.
Most of us remember hanging out with our cousins at family barbecues or we may have even been lucky enough to live close by and even go to school, or be in the same class, as a relative.
In fact, cousins play a vital role in a child's development and social interactions.
10 reasons your kids need their cousins growing up
Family gatherings are an important part of growing up. Source: Pixabay
Here are 10 reasons why your kids need their cousins….
1. Cousins are your first best friends
Siblings are too – but cousins are like siblings that don't annoy you as much! Plus, they're more like a friend as you can have sleepovers at your cousin's house!
2. You'll always have someone to hang out with at family gatherings
It's nice to have someone to hang out with at Great Aunt May's annual family tea. Family gathering are so much better and less of a chore if your cousins are there when you're younger.
3. It's basically like having more siblings
This is great if you are an only child. If you only have a brother, you may have a female cousin or vice versa. It's like having lots of siblings that you don't have to share all your toys with all of the time!
4. It's easier to make plans with cousins
If your parents are going to visit their siblings then it's easy to make plans for playdates with your cousins.
5. You can share hand-me-downs
If you have a cousin that lives nearby, chances are you'll have clothes for life!
10 reasons your kids need their cousins growing up
Cousins are basically extra siblings. Source: Pixabay
6. You'll always have someone to confide in
Kids are always going to complain about their parents, let's face it. Having a cousin to vent to is always handy, as they will understand more where you're coming from.
7. You're connected for life
Like siblings, cousins are family. You share grandparents, aunts, uncles and other cousins. That's super special.
8. You have more role models
Whether you're the youngest or the oldest child in your family, chances are there will either be someone older than you or younger than you when you have cousins.
Things, like manners, can be learnt from older cousins. Exposure to more people is always a good thing when it comes to learning social cues.
10 reasons your kids need their cousins growing up
You have friends for life in cousins. Source: Pixabay
9. You get to reminisce with cousins
Not many people get to see their friends on Christmas Day, but chances are, you'll spend it with your cousins. This way, you make so many personal memories that you can look back on later in life.
10. Cousins love each other unconditionally
Friends often come and go as you grow up, but your cousins will be there from birth until adulthood. There may be bickers but they'll resolve quickly because of those family connections.
10 ways aunts play a super special and important part in our children's lives
Kate Middleton talks about Meghan Markle's pregnancy for the first time: 'It's such a special time'
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Tax Cheat
DEFINITION of 'Tax Cheat'
An individual (or group) who, through fraud, dishonesty or avoidance, does not pay the amount of tax that would be obligated if tax rules were properly followed. A tax cheat may improperly use tax shelters or purposefully miscategorize earnings and expenses under the pretense that the government will not miss the lost revenue because of the obligation's size relative to all taxes collected. Those found to be cheating on their taxes may be subject to fines, penalties or imprisonment.
The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) allows taxpayers to report individuals and organizations that they suspect are tax cheats. As an incentive, it provides a potential reward if it is found that those being reported did, in fact, underpay taxes.
 1. Abusive Tax Shelter
 An investment scheme that claims to reduce income tax without...
 2. Income Tax
 3. Tax Evasion
 An illegal practice where a person, organization or corporation...
 4. Internal Revenue Service - IRS
 5. Tax Avoidance
 The use of legal methods to modify an individual's financial...
 6. Black Money
 Money earned through any illegal activity controlled by country...
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Definition of Subconjunctival hemorrhage
Subconjunctival hemorrhage: A very common cause of a painless bloody eye usually first noticed by somebody else or by the person with it when they look in the mirror. The bleeding results from a break in a small blood vessel in the sclera, the white of the eye. This releases a tiny amount (less than a drop) of blood which is trapped underneath the conjunctiva, much like the blood in a bruise is trapped in the skin. It is called a subconjunctival hemorrhage since it occurs beneath the conjunctiva, the transparent membrane covering the sclera.
A subconjunctival hemorrhage can occur with heavy lifting, coughing, sneezing, vomiting or for no apparent reason. It looks bad and may be frightening, but is not dangerous and leaves no residual change in vision. There is no discharge from the eye. The redness may turn brown or green and everything returns to normal within 3 weeks as the blood is absorbed.
Subconjunctival hemorrhage does not require treatment. Any features not characteristic of subconjunctival hemorrhage (such as pain in the eye, a change in vision, or failure to clear up within 3 weeks, or recurrent hemorrhage) are reasons to see a doctor. Medical conditions that can upon occasion cause subconjunctival hemorrhages include bleeding disorders, blood-thinner (such as heparin and Coumadin), and high blood pressure.Source: MedTerms™ Medical Dictionary
Last Editorial Review: 9/20/2012
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text:
The WeCAN Early Intervention Programme (EIP) provides a comprehensive range of child services to support families and their children with autism aged 6 years and below. These services are autism-specific and specially tailored to meet the individual needs of the families and their children.
These child services include:
- Autism Intervention for Children
- Training for Families and Carers
- Transition Planning for Child
- Information and Referral
The WeCAN EIP follows the ARC(S) Intervention Focus Areas Pyramid
Intervention typically begins with the base of the pyramid (in a 1:2 context supported by teacher and carers) and works upwards towards social relationships (in a small group learning context)
Teachers will work closely with the parents on goal setting and implementation on a regular basis.
Every child who enters the programme begins a journey with us. The programme endeavours to provide the appropriate support to help each child move from one sign post to the next in this intervention journey.
The first step of the intervention journey begins with assessment of the child's learning needs.
Children are first assessed in the following areas:
- Interests / motivators
- Learning needs and styles
- Work habits
- Functional social and communication skills
- Risk Factors
Information from all sources is referenced to develop the most suitable individualised plan for the child.
Regardless of the level of entry, every child typically begins with a period of paired intervention (two children with one adult). They start in a smaller intervention room, focusing on basic intervention goals. Children are individually assessed and monitored on individualised goals.
Levels of Learning
There are three (3) main learning levels:
At this level, the focus is on areas of:
- Basic Compliance and Work Habits
- Engagement and Self-Regulation
- Functional Communication Using Conventional Means
Intervention at this level aims to prepare the child be ready for learning. We work on the skills in areas of child engagement and "learning to learn". This is done through intensive adult-led learning activities in direct teaching conducted in pairs. Parents and caregivers are actively involved in the intervention at this stage.
Typically, an individual session will be 1 hour and 30 minutes and cover the following:
- Arrival / Departure routines
- Work with teacher
- Circle time
- Art and Craft
- Independent work
- Play with Adult
- Parent training
At this level, our intervention focuses on teaching skills that help children become more independent and effective communicators.
Areas of focus include:
- Social Communication
- Group Learning
Children at this level learn in a group size of between 4-6 children with a minimum of two teachers.
Children may participate in a combination of different curriculum teaching focus areas during the course of each session. These include:
- Arrival / Departure
- Circle Time
- Play (Indoor and Outdoor)
- Art and Craft
- Table Activities
At this level, our intervention focuses on preparing our children for a social learning context. The children are in a ratio of between 6-8 children with at least two teachers.
Areas of focus include:
- Larger group learning
- Social Skills
- Problem Solving
Transition Planning and Preparation
Children in the WeCAN Early Intervention Programme (EIP) are served until the year they turn six (6). From day one when they join our programme, we pro-actively prepare parents and children for their post EIP placements which could be a mainstream setting, a special education school or a privately-run programme. Each child's journey in intervention will be different, and reflect the wide variety in learning needs and abilities.
At the end of every term, we review our children's progress on their individual goals and discuss with parents about the next steps of intervention. The recommendations could involve an extension of learning in achieved goal areas, a change in focus due to developing areas of learning needs or a move to a different group and classroom size to focus on learning in a different social context.
At the start of the year the child turns five (5), we will engage with parents in transition discussion and planning. Transition options are discussed and parents are guided on the steps for placement assessments.
Children at this stage will also learn transition skills that are relevant to them and these could include:
- School routines
- Managing test and exams
- Group learning
- Independent skills


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1. Loopback Test
A loopback test can be used to troubleshoot serial communications. It can show problems in the serial port, the cable, or the software generating the messages without having to connect to third party hardware. By connecting the proper wires, a loopback test can verify the operation of serial communication. Loopback tests can be used for RS-232, RS-422, and RS-485 serial communication.
For more information on RS-232, RS-422, and RS-485 see the Serial Communication Overview. Note that not all serial devices, especially those with many connections on one card, allow hardware flow control on every serial output of the device.
To perform a loopback test for RS-232, the TXD pin must be connected to the RXD pin. This allows the data to flow from the transmit to the receive pins. Since the communication is differential for RS-422 and RS-485, the TXD+ connects to the RXD+ and the TXDconnects to the RXDpins.
A more advanced loopback test that allows hardware flow control will need more pins connected to allow the flow control signals to be properly passed. For RS-232, the CTS and RTS pins must be connected along with the DTR and DSR pins. For RS-422 and RS-485, CTS+ should be connected to RTS+ and CTSshould be connected to RTS-.
For more information about National Instrument's serial interfaces, visit _URL_.
DE-9 (DB9) Connector
The DE-9 connector is the most common serial connector. This connector is found on National Instrument's one and two port serial interfaces.
Figure 1: Pinout diagram for DE-9 Connector
To perform a loopback test with no hardware flow control, you will need to connect pins 2 and 3 for RS-232 and pins 4 to 8 and 5 to 9 for RS-422/485. These connections can be seen in red below (figure 2 for RS-232 and figure 3 for RS-422/485).
When using hardware flow control, you will need to connect pins 4 to 6 and 7 to 8 for RS-232. Pins 7 and 8 are used for RTS/CTS hardware flow control where pins 4 and 6 are used for DTR/DSR hardware flow control. For RS-422/485, you will need to connect pins 2 to 3 and 6 to 7. Both of these connections are required for RTS/CTS hardware flow control since RS-422/485 have differential connections. These connections can be seen in blue below (figure 2 for RS-232 and figure 3 for RS-422/485).
Figure 2: RS-232 female DE-9 plug with connections required for loopback test
Figure 3: RS-422/485 female DE-9 plug with connections required for loopback test
This connector is not as common as the DE-9 connector. This connector can still be used to perform a loopback test with a method similar to the one used for the DE-9 connector.
Figure 4: Pinout diagram for DB-25 Connector
Most of the pins on DB-25 connectors are not connected since only nine pins are used for RS-232, RS-422, and RS-485 communication.
To perform a loopback test with no hardware flow control with a DB-25 connector, connect pins 2 to 3 for RS-232. For RS-422/485 connect pins 5 to 20 and 7 to 22. The required connections can be seen in red on figures 5 and 6.
For hardware flow control using RS-232, pins 4 and 5 must be connected along with pins 6 and 20. When using RS-422/485, pin 5 must connect to pin 20 and pin 7 must connect to pin 22. This will allow the loopback test to use the proper flow control lines. These connections can be seen in blue on figures 5 and 6.
Figure 5: RS-232 female DB-25 plug with connections required for loopback test
Figure 6: RS-422/485 female DB-25 plug with connections required for loopback test
10P10C (RJ50) Connector
This connector is most commonly found on National Instrument's 4 port serial interfaces. The National Instrument 4 port serial interfaces come with 4 10P10C to DE-9 male converter cables.
Figure 7: Pinout diagram for RJ50 Connector
It is not recommended to use the 10P10C connector by itself to perform a loopback test due to the small separation between pins. Using a 10P10C to DE-9 connector (Part Number 192190-01), a looback test can be performed using the methods described above.
3. Performing a Loopback Test in Hyperterminal
1. Create a new connection with any name and icon.
2. Select the communications port you would like to test
3. Select the type of flow control you would like to use. Note that Xon / Xoff is software flow control and will only require that the TXD and RXD pins to be connected.
4. Type a message using the computer's keyboard. Any data that shows in Hyperterminal is received from the device.
4. Performing a Loopback test in Measurement & Automation Explorer
1. Open Measurement & Automation Explorer and select the communications port you would like to use.
2. Ensure the proper settings are selected for flow control.
3. Save the settings by selecting the Save button then select the Open VISA Test Panel button
4. On the Write tab, type the message you would like to send (followed by a \n) then select Execute
5. On the Read tab, select Execute and verify the message
5. Performing a Loopback test in LabVIEW
Note: For a free evaluation copy of LabVIEW, visit _URL_
1. Start LabVIEW
2. Select Help»Find Examples...
3. Browse to Hardware Input and Output»Serial»Basic Serial Write and Read.vi
4. Ensure the proper settings are selected, enter the string you would like to write in the "string to write" box, and then select the white run arrow on the toolbar.


Home Remedies 2
Hope from kiwi.com
Living the Abundant Life
Hello from my corner!
Many of us put great concern and effort into keeping the outside of our bodies clean with baths or showers but neglect to consider the inside. Fasting is one of the simplest strategies to cleanse the inside of your body. Fasting is like running the self cleaning mode on your oven or the defrost on your refrigerator. The cleansing effect is built into your body but can be a little uncomfortable if you haven't run it in awhile. There are many amazing benefits of fasting, but I would like to focus on detoxification and Ketones production.
The art of fasting is an ancient tradition practiced for thousands of years. People cured illness of all kinds, rejuvenated, cleansed and strengthened the bodies by fasting. Have you noticed that when you are sick you loose appetite? While fasting, our energy goes towards healing our bodies instead of digesting food but it goes deeper than that. Our reserves of glycogen in the liver will be depleted after 24 hours of fasting. This will force our body to look elsewhere for energy. At that time, fat cells will be burned. Ketones will start being produced by the mitochondria of the liver to feed the central nervous system. Ketones are another type of fuel while glucose is the main fuel source for our bodies. Unfortunately, Ketones are a harder energy source since our bodies are required to be in either a starvation mode or at least be in a state of very low carbohydrates. By fasting, our bodies can produce Ketones, which are used as the source of energy producing less carbon dioxide and less free radicals. Therefore, Ketones are less toxic to our body!
I would like to add one more method of detoxification, an enema but not just your normal enema. I found a unique way to cleanse our bodies. Charlotte Garson points out in her book, "The Gerson Therapy" that "Enemas made from drip-grinned boiled coffee have prove themselves as advantageous means of restoring the liver. The natural caffeine in coffee administered as a enema definitely detoxifies." It was new concept for me to know about relationship between coffee enemas and liver detoxification but essentially the caffeine hyper drives the liver and kidneys. With the increase of toxins in our environment it might be something to look at more seriously. Let's be wise and be healthy by eating organic foods and by fasting this year! (We recommend you consult your physician or health specialist before doing so.)
Here are some benefits of fasting
 and many more….
The Power of fasting
Regenerate our own stem cells
and strengthen immune system
I am sure you have heard about Alkaline diet but what exactly is it? Alkaline diet focuses on maintaining optimal body pH by limiting acid-inducing foods and drinks. The theory is that a high acid diet leads to poor health and disease. Optimally our blood needs to remain slightly alkaline to sustain human life according to many researches. Normal and healthy blood pH is between 7.35 and 7.45. Every substance has a pH that falls on a scale from zero to 14. For example, water has a pH of seven and is neither acidic nor alkaline. The closer to zero, the more acidic a substance, seven is neutral, and as a substance climbs toward 14, the more alkaline it is.
In order to maintain our optimal blood pH level, our body is working hard to maintain this pH level through respiration, urination, and mineral depletion.
Our body is amazing and wonderfully made. Over eating and processed foods forces your blood to be highly acidic constantly. You deplete your minerals because your body dump minerals into the blood to keep the pH balance optimal. If the mineral content of the food is low which comes from organic sources then your body is going to struggle to keep the pH balance. When minerals are absent in the food our body steals them from bones to neutralize the blood. Ouch!
Tragically, our fruits and vegetables don't have the mineral content they once had due to the way they are grown. They are routinely sprayed with such a broad selection of chemicals in modern farming methods. Do you put "Roundup" on your salad? No one does that but that is what they are doing. Sometime they spray Roundup on things like oats at harvest just for the drying effect not for weeds? Not only are those chemicals toxic for our body but they deplete vitamins and minerals from foods. This is why our family eats organic vegetables and fruits. We also take a lot of supplements daily. Let's stay healthy by eating more organic and alkaline foods. Stay away from acidic foods, most of those are processed food. Eat more from the earth (organic foods) and stay away from box food, sodas, fast food, GMO and non organic. Learn to listen to you body. We feel much more energetic and healthier when we stay in a healthy organic, alkaline diet. Our body knows the difference!
Just one more tip.. I would NOT drink alkalinized water WITH my meals. I drink alkalinized water between meals as they hydrate my body well. Our stomach's pH is very acidic when we are healthy. Being super acidic, our stomach is ready to digest foods. By drinking alkalized water with meals, we are upsetting pH balance of our stomach.
 Why Alkaline Diet?
PH balance is important to staying healthy.
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(CHARLOTTE GERSON) Live cancer free life!


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How many times have we heard or read the phrase "the almighty dollar"? We know what it means, the dollar is the object of universal devotion on the part of Americans. But where did the phrase come from?
It appears that Washington Irving is the coiner of this particular phrase, although it could be argued that Ben Jonson, a contemporary of Shakespeare and himself an English dramatist, is the coiner because he had used "almighty gold" in 1616 in his Epistle to Elizabeth, Countess of Rutland ("The flattering, mighty, nay, almighty gold").
Washington Irving coined the phrase in the November 12, 1836, issue of Knickerbocker magazine, writing in his story "The Creole Village": "In a word, the almighty dollar, that great object of universal devotion throughout our land, seems to have no genuine devotees in these peculiar villages." Irving, a year later, in the midst of the financial panic engulfing America, wrote the dollar is "daily becoming more and more an object of worship."
The almighty dollar found itself part of the social commentary in "The Wants of Social and Domestic Life" (Genesee Farmer, November 1852), where it was written, "In the eagerness of our pursuit of the almighty dollar, how prone we are to forget the wants, and neglect the duties of domestic life." In the story "The Garden" (Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine, February 1853), we find: "Their pursuit of the all-mighty dollar is too passionate and intense to admit of interruption from the recreations of horticulture." In 1857, the Sacramento Phoenix wrote, "In dreams they nod, and mutter 'God,' but mean the Almighty dollar."
Edward Bulwer-Lytton coined the related phrase "pursuit of the almighty dollar," which he used in his 1871 novel The Coming Race.
The almighty dollar also has been alluded to in a variety of ways, for example: In 1855, the Monterey Sentinel wrote, "To-day is 'steamer day' every body is astir — the immortal dollar is jingling." Beadle's Missourian (1866) wrote: Even the Indian…is moved by the almighty dollar, or, rather, by the almighty half-dollar, for that is the only denomination of specie in which he will receive payment." The Las Vegas (NM) Gazette (1884) commented: The "street car driver made [him] walk up to the front of the car like a little man and deposit the almighty nickel in the box."
Newsweek (January 5, 1948) noted, "Something had happened to his standard of value — the almighty dollar — which deeply disturbed him." And Time (June 16, 1947), said "There is a limit to the sacrifices some Britons would make for the sake of the almighty greenback."
Today, as our politicians pursue reelection contributions, we can thank Washington Irving for identifying the nearly 200-year-old worship of the almighty dollar. And for those who need more spiritual sustenance, perhaps The Church of the Almighty Dollar is looking the place for you!


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recommend this when addressing mail. The official recommendation is to use all upper case block letters with appropriate formats and abbreviations, and leave out all punctuation except for the hyphen in the ZIP+4 code. If the address is unusually formatted or illegible enough, it will require hand-processing, delaying that particular item. The USPS publishes the entirety of their postal addressing standards.
Customers can look up ZIP codes on usps.com as well as third-party sites.
Paying postage
The actual postage can be paid via:
- Stamps purchased online at usps.com, at a Post Office, from a stamp vending machine or "Automated Postal Center" which can also handle packages, or from a third party (such as a grocery store)
- Pre-cancelled stamps for bulk mailings
- Postal meter
- Prepaid envelope
- Shipping label purchased online and printed by the customer on standard paper (e.g. with Click-N-Ship, or via a third-party such as Paypal or Amazon shipping)
All unused U.S. postage stamps issued since 1861 are still valid as postage at their indicated value. Stamps with no value shown or denominated by a letter are also still valid, although the value depends upon the particular stamp. For some stamps issued without a printed value, the current value is the original value. But some stamps beginning in 1988 or earlier, including "Forever Stamps" that were issued beginning in April 2007, and all 1st class mail 1st ounce stamps beginning 2011-01-21, the value is the current value of a 1st class mail 1st ounce stamps. (The USPS calls these "Forever Stamps". The generic name is non-denominated postage.)
Forever stamps are sold at the first-class mail postage rate at the time of purchase, but will always be valid for first-class mail (1 oz and under), no matter how rates rise in the future. Britain has had a similar stamp since 1989. However, one of the tenets of the Universal Postal Union is having a single flat rate to mail a letter anywhere in the world, which is true for Britain (since 1995), but not the U.S. The cost of mailing a 1 oz (28 g) First-Class letter increased to 46 cents on January 27, 2013.
Postage meters
A postage meter is a mechanical device used to create and apply physical evidence of postage (or franking) to mailed matter. Postage meters are regulated by a country's postal authority; for example, in the United States, the United States Postal Service specifies the rules for the creation, support, and use of postage meters. A postage meter imprints an amount of postage, functioning as a postage stamp, a cancellation and a dated postmark all in one. The meter stamp serves as proof of payment and eliminates the need for adhesive stamps.
PC postage
In addition to using standard stamps, postage can now be printed in the form of an electronic stamp, or e-stamp, from a personal computer using a system called Information Based Indicia. This online PC Postage method relies upon application software on the customer's computer contacting a postal security device at the office of the postal service. Authorized providers of PC Postage are listed below (many others—such as Amazon—are secondary providers, which use one of the authorized providers to do the actual service):
Other electronic postage payment methods
Electronic Verification System (eVS) is the Postal Service's integrated mail management technology that centralizes payment processing and electronic postage reports. Part of an evolving suite of USPS electronic payment services called PostalOne!, eVS allows mailers shipping large volumes of parcels through the Postal Service a way to circumvent use of hard-copy manifests, postage statements and drop-shipment verification forms. Instead, mailers can pay postage automatically through a centralized account and track payments online.
Beginning in August 2007, the Postal Service began requiring mailers shipping Parcel Select packages using a permit imprint to use eVS for manifesting their packages.
Stamp copyright and reproduction
All U.S. postage stamps issued under the former United States Post Office Department and other postage items that were released before 1978 are not subject to copyright, but stamp designs since 1978 are copyrighted. Following the creation of the United States Postal Service, the United States Copyright Office in section 206.02(b) of the Compendium II: Copyright Office Practices holds that "Works of the U.S. Postal Service, as now constituted, are not considered U.S. Government works."
Here, the U.S. Copyright Office has clarified that works of the U.S. Postal Service, of the government of the District of Columbia, or of the government of Puerto Rico are not "works of the U.S. government" and thus are subject to copyright. Thus, the USPS holds copyright to such materials released since 1978 under Title 17 of the United States Code. Written permission is required for use of copyrighted postage stamp images, although under USPS rules, permission is "generally" not required for "educational use", "news reporting" or "philatelic advertising use," but users must cite USPS as the source of the image and include language such as "© United States Postal Service. All rights reserved."
Service level choices
General domestic services
Domestic postage includes Monday through Saturday delivery (excepting federal holidays) to any address, Post Office Box, or general delivery Post Office in the United States, or any U.S. military mail destination.
The Post Office will not deliver packages heavier than 70 pounds (32 kg) or if the length (the package's longest dimension) plus the girth (the measurement around the package at its largest point in the two shorter dimensions) is greater than 108 inches (270 cm) combined (130 inches [330 cm] for Parcel Post). Other carriers handle packages that exceed these limits.
Deliveries outside the contiguous United States may take longer than those listed below.
As of April 2011, domestic postage levels for low-volume mailers include:
- Express Mail — Overnight delivery guaranteed to most locations
- Sunday and holiday delivery available for additional charge.
- $100 insurance included.
- Tracking included.
- Flat rate envelopes and boxes are available. Otherwise, pricing varies by weight and distance.
- Priority Mail — 2 or 3-day service (partially guaranteed-only if one uses a specific tracking or confirmation of delivery service)
- As of January 27, 2013, tracking via Delivery Confirmation is now included on all Priority Mail shipments.
- Flat rate envelopes and boxes (various sizes) are available. Otherwise, pricing varies by weight, size and distance.
There are Prepaid Priority Mail Envelopes available through the Postal Store at a cost of $5.15 per envelope, with a minimum order of 10.
- First-Class Mail
- 1–3 day delivery — Will soon be 2-3 day delivery due to USPS network changes.
- In most cases for letters and small packages.
- Rate varies by size and weight, but not distance.
- Postcards (5" x 3.5" x 0.007 to 6" x 4.25" x 0.016" [127 x 89 x 0.18 to 152 x 108 x 0.4 mm]): 32¢
- Letters (up to 11.5" x 6.125" x 0.25", 3.5 oz [292 x 156 x 6.4 mm, 100 g]): 46¢ + 20¢ for each additional ounce
- Large Envelope or Flat (up to 15" x 12" x 0.75", 13 oz [381 x 305 x 19 mm, 370 g]): 90¢ + 20¢ each additional ounce (28 g). Must be rectangular, uniformly thick, and not too rigid.
- Package/Parcel (Up to 108 inches (270 cm) length plus girth, 13 ounces (370 g): $1.95 + 17¢ each additional ounce (28 g) over 3 ounces (84 g)
- 1–3 day delivery — Will soon be 2-3 day delivery due to USPS network changes.
- Parcel Post
- Slowest but cheapest service for packages too large or heavy for First Class — uses surface transport.
- 2-9-day service to contiguous U.S., 4–14 days internal to AK/HI/territories, 3–6 weeks between mainland and outlying areas (travels by ship).
- Variable pricing by weight, size and distance.
- Free forwarding if recipient has filed change-of-address form, or return if the item is undeliverable.
- Media Mail — Formerly "Book Rate"
- Books and recorded media only.
- No advertising.
- Pricing by weight only.
- Transit time similar to Parcel Post.
- Cheaper than Parcel Post but only due to increased restrictions on package contents.
- Library Mail
- Similar to Media Mail, but cheaper and restricted to academic institutions, public libraries, museums, etc.
Bulk mail
Discounts are available for large volumes of mail. Depending on the postage level, certain conditions might be required or optional for an additional discount:
- Minimum number of pieces
- Weight limits
- Ability for the USPS to process by machine
- Addresses formatting standardized
- USPS-readable barcode
- Sorted by 3-digit ZIP code prefix, 5-digit ZIP code, ZIP+4, or 11-digit delivery point
- Delivered in trays, bundles, or pallets partitioned by destination
- Delivered directly to a regional Bulk Mail Center, destination SCF, or destination Post Office
- Certification of mailing


What is the best moisture meter practices with your pinless meter?
 - Ensure your meter is calibrated.
 - Account for the wood species being measured.
 - Set the correct depth setting if the meter has adjustable depth capabilities.
 - Take multiple readings across the surface to get a complete assessment of the wood's moisture content.
 - Have at least a one-inch air gap underneath the wood being measured.
 - Only take measurements where the entire sensor plate can lay flat on the wood surface.
 - Press down on the moisture meter with the right amount of pressure.
How to determine the wood specific gravity, if it is not listed in the manual?
 - Select a sample of wood that is approximately 12% moisture content, with all edges being true.
 - Carefully measure the Length, Width and Thickness dimensions of the sample, preferably using a caliper. Convert the Length, Width and Thickness measurements to feet (ft.).
 - Carefully measure the weight of the sample, to the tenth of an ounce. Convert the weight to pounds (lbs.).
 - Using the volume and the weight of the sample, and the weight of a cubic foot of water, calculate the specific gravity.
How does temperature affect the accuracy of the meter readings?
Are there board width limitations in using moisture meters?
For accurate results with a pinless meter, the material you're testing must be at least the width of the scanning area on the bottom of the meter. Otherwise, the meter will not make firm contact with the board and may provide inconsistent, unreliable readings.
How does a moisture meter work?
Enter the terms you wish to search for.


text:
The Pistachio Principle is a unique way and approach to try and lose weight. This concept was brought about when Dr. James Painter, PhD, RD of the Eastern Illinois University conducted experiments and made observations on people eating pistachios. The Pistachio Principle aims to show that people may be able to consume fewer calories without even trying to restrict their food intake.
Why most diets fail?
The reason why people find it hard to lose weight is mainly due to the diet itself that they follow. More often than not, most diets require a certain level of food restriction from people that can make them feel deprived. According to Dr. Painter, this is one of the main reasons why people fail to follow most weight loss diets for the long term and become effective. That is why Dr. Painter is addressing weight loss armed with a new approachcalorie reduction to lose weight without getting people to feel restricted or deprived from the food that they eat. That is where the Pistachio Principle may work best.
How the principle works?
The Pistachio Principle was conceived from a number of behavioral studies made where a group of people were made to eat pistachios. One part of the group ate pistachios with their shells on while the other eats the pistachios without them. Since pistachio with shells can take some effort and time to eat, it resulted to around 50 percent less nuts consumed by the participants as compared to those who ate the shelled pistachios. What's more, both groups felt equally satisfied and full after eating their portions.
Applying this principle
The Pistachio Principle deals mostly with behavioral and environmental changes and focus rather than food restriction. One way that this can be applied is by how certain foods are eaten and prepared. Instead of drinking fruit juice where it might be easier to consume more calories, you should try eating fruits more which can take longer to consume since you might need to peel them first before eating.
When you plan to eat peanuts, or even pistachios, choose on eating the unshelled varieties if you wish to lose weight. The effort and time that you put in eating them may actually help you consume less but still feel satisfied that you have eaten your fill. And another thing, try to place the shells of the nuts that you have eaten on the table as see them pile up as you go. Seeing how much of the nuts you have already eaten by their shells can help convince your mind that you may have already eaten your fill.
One of the probable reasons that the Pistachio Principle might work on weight loss might lie on the fact that the brain takes about 20 minutes to get the signal that the body is fully satisfied eating. By eating a bit slower than normal, such as when you give some effort eating shelled pistachios, you might be able to pass the time by eating less in the process. This will help you eat fewer calories and eventually help you lose weight without even restricting your diet.


text:
A kiss is an exalted affair; it's about feeling each other's cosmos, understanding each other's emotional current without uttering words, for, the words would only sound ambiguous when emotions are intense. A kiss alone can speak volumes! But, do you think something more can be associated with it?
Yes, indeed kissing has several benefits than it may seem, sure, it feels great, but apart from that, it also lowers your blood pressure. It further releases epinephrine hormone into your blood which allows your heart to pump blood faster and hence reduces the level of bad cholesterol in the body.
Here is a list of reasons why you should kiss your partner more often:
- Reduces blood pressure: Kissing dilates the blood vessels and this can in turn help reduce the levels of your blood pressure.
- Relieves headache and cramps: The dilatation effect on the blood vessels seems to have a pronounced effect in relieving pain. This includes headaches and cramps from menstrual pain.
- Fights cavities: The saliva production in your mouth increases when you kiss. The excess saliva production helps to wash away the germs and plaque that accumulate in your mouth over a period of time. On the contrary, the cavity forming germs can also be transmitted from the mouth of one person to the other.
- Releases happy hormones: Kissing helps release a cocktail of hormones such as dopamine, serotonin and oxytocin that are responsible for giving you a happy high. It is not just the sense of happiness you get from it, but also the hormones released can help strengthen the bond with your partner. Your lips have a dense connection of nerve endings which elevate the sense of pleasure in a person.
- Burns calories: Can it be a substitute for a 2-mile jog? No. But studies have shown that a good session of intense kissing can help burn up to about 8 to 16 calories.
- Boosts self-esteem: Research has shown that people who leave home with a goodbye kiss are more likely to work better and be in a good mood for the entire day. It could be because of the sense of feeling loved and cared for that makes one happy. A kiss can boost your self-esteem and even make you more productive at work.
- Tones the muscles of your face: Kissing involves the muscles present in your face and jawline. A vigorous smooch can allow those muscles to act up and shape them in the process.
- Check out the compatibility with your partner: Kissing can be an important factor to measure the initial attraction of a person. This could be so important that it is often noticed that if the first kiss is not up to the mark, it can be a great turn off.
In case you have a concern or query you can always consult an expert & get answers to your questions!


text:
World Atlas of Total Sky-Cover.
Environmental research papers,
AIR FORCE GEOPHYSICS LAB HANSCOM AFB MA
Pagination or Media Count:
The purpose of this atlas is to establish a global cloud climatology that details seasonal and diurnal variations. The Boehm Sawtooth Wave BSW simulation model is used to devise a method for describing the frequency distribution of total sky-cover. Two parameters, scale distance and mean sky-cover, permit the calculation of the sky cover distribution from clear to overcast. This is an efficient means of data storage, since two numbers define the entire frequency distribution. Hence, the frequency distribution of sky cover can be found for locations world-wide using the global analyses of mean sky cover and scale distance given in the atlas. Twenty maps are presented for each of these parameters - one set 4 times daily 0000-0200, 0600--0800, _PHONE_, _PHONE_ LST, for each midseason month January, April, July, and October, and another set of monthly means for all hours for each midseason month.


text:
Ultrasonic bath frequency is very important. Before we know the difference between ultrasonic bath frequencies, we should know what the corresponding frequencies mean.
Ultrasonic bath frequency
28KHz refers to the number of vibration per minute, which is 28,000
40KHz is the number of vibration per minute, which is 40,000
In the field of ultrasonic cleaning, the most common frequency one is 40 KHz, one is 28 KHz. Generally, the larger the bubble generated by the low-frequency acoustic wave, the stronger the cleaning force will be. And the more suitable for cleaning the surface, the high frequency sound waves generated by the bubbles are relatively smaller. But there are a lot more bubbles, will be more suitable for the cleaning of high precision products.
Ultrasonic bath frequency with 28KHz is often used to clean large, heavy parts or high density material workpiece.
Ultrasonic bath with 40KHz is usually used to clean smaller, more sophisticated parts, or to remove tiny particles.
At present, the household ultrasonic cleaner, as well as the commercial ultrasonic cleaner used more than 40KHz or 42KHz frequency. Because the machine is relatively small, and considering a cleaning range, 40KHz has much larger cleaning range han 28KHz.
For more information, please contact us freely at _EMAIL_ or visit our website at DK SONIC.


text:
I've just returned from a long weekend in Bologna, Italy, and there I learnt that the word baloney in baloney sandwich is named after the town, or rather, the sausage that was first made in Bologna.
Baloney sandwich is not a well-known term in the UK, but here there is a sausage called polony, and that word, too, comes from the word Bologna.
We use the word baloney, also spelt boloney, a lot in the UK, but it means 'poppycock' or 'nonsense'. The OED says that the link with Bologna is 'conjectural', but Jonathon Green in his Dictionary of Slang refers to Ramon Adams, author of Western Words, who says that Bologna bulls are animals of inferior quality, whose meat is used to make Bologna sausage. Presumably people found the sausages inferior or 'rubbish' too, and the nonsense sense perhaps comes from this connection. Eric Partridge in A Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English has a different theory. He thinks that boloney/baloney comes from the Romany word pelone, meaning testicles, and refers to the analogy of balls, which is slang for both testicles and nonsense.


text:
WHIDDEN GUNWORKS HYDRAULIC FORM DIE INSTRUCTIONS
Gather all parts of the Hydraulic Form Die Kit to include: the hydraulic form die body with lock ring, the piston, the appropriate shell holder (void of the fired primer discharge hole) and the bottle used to fill the case with either water or oil, your choice. Also, not included in the kit, you will need a few fired primers, case lube, a hammer and safety glasses.
- Install the shellholder into the press as normal.
- Install the hydraulic form die into the press just as you would with any other sizing die. With the ram of the press in the up position, install the hydraulic form die and allow the die to make contact with the top of the shell holder. This will set the headspace to the correct location with the die system. Secure the lock ring to the die body.
- Once contact is made between the shellholder and the hydraulic form die lower the ram.
- Insert a fired primer into the base of the brass to be formed.
- Lube the brass and insert the brass into the shellholder and raise the ram completely allowing the brass to enter the hydraulic form die.
- Using the liquid bottle, containing either water or oil, fill the case to about the top of the die body itself.
- Insert the piston into the top of the die.
- (CAUTION) If you haven't done so yet, put your safety glasses on.
- Ensure your safety glasses are on properly. (Obviously this is important)
- Pick up the hammer. We have found that a light to medium weight hammer works best and hitting the piston with several fast strikes (2 to 3) seems to yield the best results.
- Strike the piston.
- Lower the ram of the press and remove the case from the shell holder.
- Repeat steps 1-12 to form the next piece of brass.
Helpful tip: Water is much easier to cleanup and evaporates off the floor much more quickly.
Thanks for using the Whidden Gunworks Hydraulic Form Die System.


Scientists tracking Brazilian wildlife find ancient cave paintings
 | Nov. 7, 2013 at 6:36 PM
NEW YORK, Nov. 7 (UPI) -- Conservationists tracking wild peccaries in Brazil say they made an unexpected find -- ancient cave drawings made thousands of years ago by hunter-gatherers.
Researchers from the Wildlife Conservation Society and a local partner NGO, Instituto Quinta do Sol, made the discoveries while tracking wildlife and gathering environmental data in forests that link Brazil's Pantanal and Cerrado regions, a release from the New York headquarters of WCS said Thursday.
"Our work with the Wildlife Conservation Society focuses on promoting sustainable land use practices that help protect important wildlife species and the wild places where they live," Alexine Keuroghlian, a researcher with WCS's Brazil Program, said. "Since we often work in remote locations, we sometimes make surprising discoveries, in this case, one that appears to be important for our understanding of human cultural history in the region."
After the discovery, Keuroghlian contacted archaeologist Rodrigo Luis Simas de Aguiar, a regional specialist in cave drawings, who determined they were made between 10,000 years and 4,000 years ago by hunter-gatherer societies that either occupied the caves or used them specifically for their artistic activities.
"These discoveries of cave drawings emphasize the importance of protecting the Cerrado and Pantanal ecosystems, both for their cultural and natural heritage," Julie Kunen, Director of WCS's Latin America and the Caribbean Program, said.


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How to Network With Jist Cards
Community Q&A
Networking is very important in this day and age of erratic careers, governments, and technology. But just having contacts is not enough when you don't know, from day to day, how'sure' you are of anything. To make your network work for you, follow these steps to distribute your mini-resume through members of your network.
 1. 1
 Make yourself some JIST cards. Always have some in your desk, your portfolio, or anything that you keep with you all the time.
 2. 2
 Come up with a different approach than if you were job hunting. While making these Jist cards,[1] remember that you aren't working to get a job, per se, but to be remembered.
 1. Concentrate on your different working skill sets, perhaps design a few for different 'occasions'.
 2. Create different cards for different situations, e.g. data entry, executive assistant, administrative assistant, helicopter mechanic...
 3. Broaden your network by having your friends and acquaintances carry them. They find themselves in the position to advocate your skills and/or knowledge.
 3. 3
 Be ready to make yourself available for any learning opportunities.
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text:
CPN Vision and Goals
The CPN overall vision is to develop the Capital Region's capacity to more effectively attract, welcome and integrate newcomers into our community, workplaces, organizations and institutions.
The following goals have been identified:
- Raise awareness among community leaders and business managers of the need to create more welcoming and inclusive communities and workplaces in the Greater Victoria region. To help people to recognize and understand that 'inclusion' is their concern and to reach out and build pods of advocates within organizations and across sectors.
- Strengthen the collective knowledge and skill-set of partnering organizations and develop an ongoing professional learning network and learning opportunities.
- Identify and apply solutions to known barriers to inclusion. Ask leaders, employers, service and learning agents, policy/program decision makers, front-line staff and others what types of organizational and educational needs will enable them to facilitate immigrant integration. Facilitate opportunities, provide useful tools and establish new relationships.
- Create a Local Immigration Partnership (LIP). A community based initiative to coordinate and create a strategic plan for the settlement and integration of immigrants in the community.
"Greater Victoria is a community where old neighbours and newcomers alike can build trusting relationships through respectful curiosity and openness to learning about themselves and others. It is a place with transparent local governance processes and public services that dignify all members, and support their efforts to make valuable contributions in our community. – CPN Member"


Plus addressing and subdomain addressing
Plus addressing and subdomain addressing are features that allow you to give out variations of your normal email address that still arrive at your account. It's easy to create a rule to automatically filter messages sent to a particular variant, which can be helpful for managing mailing lists and site registrations.
You do not have to configure anything to create these addresses. They work right now, for both your _EMAIL_ address and any aliases you have configured, both on FastMail domains and any personal domains.
Plus addressing
Plus addressing means any email sent to _EMAIL_ is still delivered to your account. The part of the email address between the "+" and the "@" is ignored for determining which account it belongs to. This allows you to create limitless variations on your email address to give out to different people, sites or mailing lists.
If the part after the "+" matches the name of one of your folders (see below for how the matching works), the message will automatically be delivered there instead of your Inbox. You don't even need to create an explicit rule!
For example, suppose you gave someone the address _EMAIL_. Any messages sent to this address will be delivered to _EMAIL_, and if you have a folder called Hiking, will be delivered straight to that folder rather than your Inbox.
The main downside to plus addressing is that addresses with a "+" are considered (incorrectly) to be invalid by some websites, and disallowed on some registration forms. Also, people may find this kind of address hard to remember, because it is quite unusual. Subdomain addressing, described below, overcomes these problems.
Subdomain addressing
Subdomain addressing offers all the advantages of plus addressing with fewer disadvantages. It works the same as plus addressing, but instead of _EMAIL_, you can use an address of the form _EMAIL_. Just like with plus addressing, messages will be automatically filed into folders with a matching name.
Please note, your username cannot include an underscore ("_") or a dot (".") if you wish to use subdomain addressing. Hostnames on the internet cannot have underscores and could be or if both domains exist. You can change your username on the Advanced → Rename/Consolidate screen.
Only one level of subdomain addressing is supported: _EMAIL_ is fine, but _EMAIL_ will not work.
How a folder is matched
Sub-domain and plus addressing use fuzzy folder matching. When a regular folder match fails, folders are compared case-insensitively, with the hyphen ("-"), underscore ("_") and space (" ") characters treated the same. A full stop (".") is used to separate a parent from a subfolder. So if you have a folder "Mailing Lists.My List", then messages sent to _EMAIL_ will get filed into that folder.
If after a match the delivery of the mail should have been to a subfolder but the subfolder does not exist, the mail is delivered to the parent folder, rather than to the Inbox. For example, if you sent a message to _EMAIL_ and you don't have a subfolder "Hiking" under the "Mailing Lists" folder, then the email will go to the "Mailing Lists" folder rather than the Inbox.
If you create a rule that files the message into a folder, this will override the folder matching described above.
Sending email from a plus or subdomain address
To send email using _EMAIL_, create a personality with that email address. Alternatively, create a personality with the email address *_USER_.domain.tld which will let you send email with any text you like replacing the *.


work from home
With remote work more popular than ever, it's no surprise to find companies now bargaining with employees in order to incentivize them to return to the office. According to some estimates, however, more than half of remote employees want to continue working remotely, citing advantages such as saving money and no longer having a commute as the biggest advantages of their new working model.
One particular demographic that's reluctant to return to on-site work are those with pets at home. During the pandemic, household dogs everywhere were treated to a rare luxury: the constant companionship of their human counterparts, where otherwise, such pets would normally endure eight hours or more alone in the house.
But what is it exactly about Fido's companionship that has left such a lasting impact on remote workers, one that has 67% considering changing jobs if their company no longer offers remote work
The team at Honest Paws surveyed 400 U.S. dog owners who worked remotely during the pandemic to find out exactly why pet parents have fallen in love with the idea of sharing an office with a four-legged friend, and the reasons may surprise you!
New Bonds
pandemic pets
In February/March 2020, around the time curfews and quarantines were starting to go into effect in the U.S., few could imagine the way social distancing would impact the country's mental health. According to the CDC, by late June, 31% of U.S. adults reported struggling with symptoms of anxiety or depression.
For many, the answer to dealing with overwhelming loneliness came in the form of a wet nose and wagging tail, and searches for 'puppies for sale' surged in Google Trends, with animal shelters and rescues seeing their adoption rates fly off the charts. Some of these organizations even had to institute a waiting list for the first time.
In our survey, we saw this trend firsthand, with over a third of respondents reporting that their current dog was one they adopted during the pandemic. Another 16% reported already having a dog but adopting another one during the pandemic, while nearly half of respondents reported that their current four-legged friend was one they'd had before the onset of COVID-19.
For those who brought a new dog home in 2020/2021 during the age of quarantine, the ability to work remotely has provided them with the time and space to bond with their new member of the household and build an invaluable connection. And for those who already had pets at home with whom they have an already existing bond, remote work has allowed them more one-on-one quality time with the animal that has led to enriching experiences.
Physical Health
work from home benefits physical health
It's all about the human-canine bond for pet parents who have worked remotely during the pandemic, with 42% of survey respondents saying that having their dog nearby gave them a reason to get outside more and 81% reporting having participated in new activities with their dog during the pandemic.
Having a four-legged friend to quarantine with opened the door to new opportunities like visiting dog parks (which 55% of survey respondents did), hiking (55%), soaking up the sun at a dog beach (30%), and attending fun classes geared toward dogs like agility and flyball (30%).
With office work often being a sedentary position, location-independent flexibility offers a much-needed work/life balance that has allowed many to experience more physical activity, more fresh air, and more sunlight--all factors that contribute significantly to our physical and mental health.
Mental Health
But it's not just all about fun and games with Fido.
Pet parents who worked remotely during the pandemic also reported that their pup's presence had a significant impact on their daily work tasks as well, with 88% reporting their dog's companionship helped them to be more productive at work, while 87% reported their pet's proximity helped them to better cope with work-related stress.
work from home benefits
The above numbers are significant, considering work-related stress costs U.S. companies up to $300 billion every year and can lead to health issues in employees such as elevated blood pressure, anxiety, depression, an increased risk of substance abuse, and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
For many, 2020 and 2021 have been some of the hardest years collectively experienced, with stress consistently at elevated levels, due both to changes in the way we work and to uncertainties in the world around us.
For pet parents, having a furry friend to brave the storm with has made a world of difference in combating stress and staying productive with their workload.
It's also helped with other elements of mental health that have been impacted by the new normal society is still living in, with 92% of pet parents reporting that their dog's companionship helped to improve their mood throughout the day and 88% saying their dog's companionship helped alleviate feelings of isolation related to social distancing. When asked what other benefits their dog's companionship offered during working hours, pet parents provided a variety of responses, with'my dog makes me happy' and'my dog helps me to stay calm' resonating with more than half of survey respondents.
work from home benefits mental health
The Future of Remote Work
work from home jobs
Many companies are still navigating what the future will look like for their employees, with some sticking to remote work for the time being and others starting to offer hybrid models that combine remote flexibility with a few days of in-office work.
For those insisting on a 100% on-site labor force, however, those in leadership and management may want to reconsider; 67% of survey respondents say they would consider looking for a different job if their company no longer offered remote work. But there is good news: 78% say they would consider staying with their company if employees were allowed to bring their dog to work
Considering the physical, mental, and emotional health benefits in having a canine companion at one's side during working hours, instituting a pet-friendly policy in the workplace may very well be a compromise worth making.


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wav WAV (Audio)
File extension.wav
Category Audio File
Description The WAV file is one of the simplest digital audio file formats. It was originally developed back in 1991 for use within Windows 3.1 but today it is the gold standard in studio recording and one of the most popular digital audio formats. As they are stored in an uncompressed format they are enormously versatile and allow for easy editing and manipulation. One minor drawback is that the file sizes can be huge which can make them a little impractical.
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Technical Details A file with the WAV file extension is a Waveform audio file format and is a container that stores data in segments. It was originally developed by Microsoft and IBM and stores uncompressed lossless audio which results in very large file sizes. The format uses containers to store the audio data, track numbers, sample rate and bit rate.
Associated programs Microsoft Windows Media Player
Developed by Microsoft & IBM
MIME type audio/wav
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m4a M4A (Audio)
File extension.m4a
Category Audio File
Description M4A audio files were developed to enable easy sharing of digital music, audiobook content, podcasts. It was generally intended as the successor to MP3 and the file quality is better and file sizes smaller compared to MP3 files. M4A files sound better than MP3 files when encoded at the same bit rate due to some of the enhancements. It's the default audio format for Apple products, Nintendo products, Android, Blackberry, PlayStation, and many in-dash music systems in cars.
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Technical Details M4A is a file encoded with advanced audio coding (AAC) and is implemented with AAC compression standards or ALAC (Apple Lossless Audio Codec) specifications. This effectively means that they can be decoded back to their original quality they were at the point of compression. It was developed by Apple and it only contains audio data, rather than MP4 which contains both audio and video. An added benefit of M4A files are that they do not carry any Digital Rights Management protection.
Associated programs Android Phones
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Developed by Apple
MIME type audio/m4a
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