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The high case-fatality rate–especially among young adults–during the _PHONE_ influenza pandemic is incompletely understood. Although late deaths showed bacterial pneumonia, early deaths exhibited extremely "wet," sometimes hemorrhagic lungs. The hypothesis presented herein is that aspirin contributed to the incidence and severity of viral pathology, bacterial infection, and death, because physicians of the day were unaware that the regimens (8.0-31.2 g per day) produce levels associated with hyperventilation and pulmonary edema in 33% and 3% of recipients, respectively. Recently, pulmonary edema was found at autopsy in 46% of 26 salicylate-intoxicated adults. Experimentally, salicylates increase lung fluid and protein levels and impair mucociliary clearance. In 1918, the US Surgeon General, the US Navy, and the Journal of the American Medical Association recommended use of aspirin just before the October death spike. If these recommendations were followed, and if pulmonary edema occurred in 3% of persons, a significant proportion of the deaths may be attributable to aspirin.
Author(s): Karen M Starko
Publication Date: 1 November 2009
Publication Site: Clinical Infectious Diseases


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On July 30, 2012, the Indiana State Archives was presented with a hand-carved piece of Bedford limestone commemorating Tartan Day and the heritage of Scottish-Americans. California Stone Carver Frank Maurer has traveled the United States, providing numerous states archives with hand-carved stones specific to their state.
The Indiana Tartan Stone was the 23rd stone presented and features several symbols of Indiana including the Peony, Cardinal and Tulip Tree. In addition, the stone says "FII" denoting its carver and reads "Tartan Day _PHONE_." The top of the stone depicts the Wabash River and a Celtic Knot, which symbolizes eternity. The rear of the stone has the following inscription: "FII VI 2012" with a line under the "VI." This signifies that the stone was carved by Frank Maurer Jr. in June of 2012. The line under the "VI" indicates the use of a carbide chisel.
Tartan Day was first declared by the United States Senate as a Resolution in 1998 and later as a national day of recognition in 2008. April 6th was chosen as Tartan Day because the Declaration of Arbroath was written in Arbroath Abbey on that date in 1320, asking for the freedom of Scotland from England. Thomas Jefferson later used this document as a model for the Declaration of Independence.
The Indiana Tartan Stone will be available for use at events. Interested parties shall complete and submit State Form 54681 - Publish or Exhibit Materials from the Indiana State Archives.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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In organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells, photocurrent generation relies on exciton diffusion to the donor/acceptor heterojunction. Excitons that fail to reach the heterojunction are lost to recombination via quenching at the electrodes or relaxation in the bulk. Bulk recombination has been mitigated largely through the use of bulk heterojunctions, while quenching at the metal cathode has been previously circumvented through the introduction of exciton blocking layers that "reflect" excitons. Here, we investigate an alternative concept of a transparent exciton dissociation layer (EDL), a single layer that prevents exciton quenching at the electrode while also providing an additional interface for exciton dissociation. The additional heterojunction reduces the distance excitons must travel to dissociate, recovering the electricity-generating potential of excitons otherwise lost to heat. We model and experimentally demonstrate this concept in an archetypal subphthalocyanine/fullerene planar heterojunction OPV, generating an extra 66% of photocurrent in the donor layer (resulting in a 27% increase in short-circuit current density from 3.94 to 4.90 mA/cm2). Because the EDL relaxes the trade-off between exciton diffusion and optical absorption efficiencies in the active layers, it has broad implications for the design of OPV architectures and offers additional benefits over the previously demonstrated exciton blocking layer for photocurrent generation.
- Plasmas and Electrical Discharges
113(2013); _URL_ Description Hide Description
The extrusion of the molten metal from a microcrater formed on a metal cathode during the operation of a vacuum arc is considered. The problem is thought to be similar to the classical hydrodynamic problem of a liquid drop impact on a solid surface. Based on this analogy, the conditions are analyzed under which the liquid will change its regular behavior (spreading over the cathode surface) into a singular behavior (formation of microjets and droplets). It is shown that the conditions realized in vacuum arc cathode spots at near-threshold currents are close to the threshold conditions for splashing of the molten metal. This points to a considerable contribution of hydrodynamic processes to the self-sustained operation of a vacuum arc and, in particular, gives grounds to relate the existence of a threshold arc current to the existence of a splashing threshold for liquid metal.
113(2013); _URL_ Description Hide Description
Breathing oscillations in the discharge of an enlarged cylindrical-anode-layer Hall plasma accelerator are investigated by three-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation. Different from the traditional breathing mode in a circular Hall plasma accelerator, the bulk plasma oscillation here is trigged by the potential barrier generated by the concentrated ion beam and substantial enough to compete with the anode voltage. The electric field near the anode is suppressed by the potential barrier thereby decreasing the electron density by ∼36%. The discharge is restored to the normal level after the concentrated beam explodes and then it completes one cycle of electro-driven breathing oscillation. The breathing mode identified by the PIC simulation has a frequency range of ∼156 kHz–∼250 kHz and does not vary monotonically with the discharge voltage.
- Structural, Mechanical, Thermodynamic, and Optical Properties of Condensed Matter
Effects of pressure, temperature, and hydrogen during graphene growth on SiC(0001) using propane-hydrogen chemical vapor deposition113(2013); _URL_ Description Hide Description
Graphene growth from a propane flow in a hydrogen environment (propane-hydrogen chemical vapor deposition (CVD)) on SiC differentiates from other growth methods in that it offers the possibility to obtain various graphene structures on the Si-face depending on growth conditions. The different structures include the (6√3 × 6√3)-R30° reconstruction of the graphene/SiC interface, which is commonly observed on the Si-face, but also the rotational disorder which is generally observed on the C-face. In this work, growth mechanisms leading to the formation of the different structures are studied and discussed. For that purpose, we have grown graphene on SiC(0001) (Si-face) using propane-hydrogen CVD at various pressure and temperature and studied these samples extensively by means of low energy electron diffraction and atomic force microscopy. Pressure and temperature conditions leading to the formation of the different structures are identified and plotted in a pressure-temperature diagram. This diagram, together with other characterizations (X-ray photoemission and scanning tunneling microscopy), is the basis of further discussions on the carbon supply mechanisms and on the kinetics effects. The entire work underlines the important role of hydrogen during growth and its effects on the final graphene structure.
113(2013); _URL_ Description Hide Description
The anisotropic optical and thermoelectric properties of In4Se3 and In4Te3 are studied by the first-principles calculation using the full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave method and the semiclassical Boltzmann theory. The optical properties show highly anisotropic in the energy range between 0.0 and 12.0 eV for In4Se3 and between 0.0 and 10.0 eV for In4Te3 while it is isotropic in the higher energy range for In4Se3. In contrast to S, the anisotropies of the electrical conductivities and power factors are great affected by the change of the temperature. Their anisotropies become larger along three directions with the growth of the temperature. along the y direction is much higher than that along the x and z directions for In4Se3, which shows that the thermoelectric thin films with excellent performance can be obtained along the (010) surface. By studying the anisotropy of transport properties, we find that the transport properties of In4Se3 are better than that of In4Te3, which mainly comes from the small band gap of In4Se3. The anisotropy of for In4Se3 is larger than that for In4Te3, and the anisotropy of is mainly due to the anisotropy of.
Creation of freestanding wrinkled nano-films with desired deformation properties by controlling the surface morphology of a sacrificial layer113(2013); _URL_ Description Hide Description
Various wrinkle patterns can be formed due to the buckling of a stiff thin film on a compliant substrate. However, most wrinkled films previously reported were fixed on a large deformable substrate and thereby the potential deformability of the film was mechanically constrained by the substrate. In this study, we developed a technique for forming various wrinkled structures on the surface of a sacrificial resin layer. Since the sacrificial layer can be subsequently removed with a solvent, freestanding wrinkled films are created using the sacrificial layer. We found that a wrinkled structure is formed on the surface of the layer by applying a compressive strain to the resin layer at the appropriate moment during the hardening process. The wrinkle pattern depends on the curing time and the timing of the straining in two in-plane orthogonal directions. In addition to conventional stripe and labyrinth patterns by simple uniaxial and equi-biaxial strains, respectively, it was found that independent biaxial strains induce interesting structures, such as an orthogonally ordered wrinkle pattern and a nonsymmetrical buckling structure, in which the stripe array produced by the first straining remains and many finer wrinkles appear in each stripe by the second straining in the orthogonal direction. We conducted tensile experiments for 300-nm-thick freestanding Cu films having these wrinkled structures. The wrinkled nano-films have a variety of mechanical properties: the stripe structure has extremely high deformability (more than 10% strain) and reversibility, the labyrinth structure shows planar isotropic deformation, and the nonsymmetrical buckling structure has an anisotropic modulus and strength. Finite element analysis on the wrinkle structures revealed that the local stress concentration dominates the fracture limits.
Theoretical and experimental characterization of promising new scintillators: Eu2+ doped CsCaCl3 and CsCaI3113(2013); _URL_ Description Hide Description
An integrated approach was used to characterize Eu2+ doped CsCaCl3 and CsCaI3 crystals theoretically and experimentally. The temperature dependence of photoluminescence excitation, emission, and decay time was studied to better understand the energy transport and migration mechanism in these materials. The broadening and redshift of emission with increasing temperature was explained for both crystals by simultaneous quenching of emission and interaction of emission states with lattice vibration. The unusual increase of photoluminescence decay time with increasing temperature was ascribed to the presence of states with a lowered radiative rate slightly above the emitting states. The electronic and optical properties were also calculated theoretically with the help of Density functional theory in order to explain the Eu2+ emission properties in these crystals. The calculation explains the better scintillation light output and proportionality in CsCaI3. The promising cross-luminescent efficiency of these materials is also explained with the help of electronic band structure and dispersion of the partial density of the states of constituent atoms. Despite structural

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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SESSION TITLE: Pulmonary Rehabilitation Posters
SESSION TYPE: Original Investigation Poster
PRESENTED ON: Wednesday, October 28, 2015 at 01:30 PM - 02:30 PM
PURPOSE: Entrainment of the breathing rhythm to that of the rhythm of limb movement during exercise has been shown to reduce oxygen consumption. Pursed-lip breathing (PLB) has also preventable effects against hypoxemia. This study examined the effect of entrained PLB on walking induced hypoxemia in patients with obstructive lung diseases.
METHODS: Ninety patients (77 men, 13 women; mean age, 75.0 ± 8.3 (SD) years) with obstructive lung disease (mean %FEV1; 57.4 ± 22.5% predicted, COPD; 73, BA; 6, Bronchiectasis; 4, CPFE; 7) who were referred to outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation clinic were studied. All patients were in a clinically stable condition. At first, PLB alone, and then, entrained PLB with walking, were instructed by a physiotherapist to the patients. Before and after this instruction, the walking was tested at patient's own rhythm and speed. During the walking test, SpO2 and dyspnea (Borg CR10) were monitored. Patients were advised to stop walking when they had SpO2 less than 88% or severe dyspnea (scale 5 in Borg CR10).
RESULTS: Before the instruction, SpO2 decreased from 95.4 ± 1.5% to 91.0 ± 2.9% (p<0.0001) and CR10 increased from 0.4 ± 0.6 to 2.0 ± 1.7 (p<0.0001) after the walk. After the instruction of PLB alone, the change in SpO2 and dyspnea improved from -4.4 ± 2.1% to -3.1 ± 2.5% (p<0.0001) and 1.9 ± 1.7 to 1.8 ± 1.5. After the instruction of the entrained PLB, further improvements were observed: the changes in SpO2 and dyspnea were 1.9 ± 1.7 % and 1.2 ± 1.3 (p<0.0001).
CONCLUSIONS: Entrained PLB possibly prevented walking induced desaturation and dyspnea.
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Entrained PLB with walking might be useful as a rehabilitation program to improve patients with walking induced hypoxemia and/or dyspnea.
DISCLOSURE: The following authors have nothing to disclose: Yuko Sano, Jun Ueki, Naoaki Tamura, Kenichi Obata
No Product/Research Disclosure Information


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Ecosystem Management | Prof. Randy Van Dragt
This course investigated the water quality of a local West Michigan lake.
Randy Van Dragt, Department of Biology
1999: Project one involves an environmental impact assessment of the southern edge of the Ecosystem Preserve. This portion of the Ecosystem Preserve will be most heavily affected by the development of the Gainey athletic facility, the college conference and CAS facilities and the road connecting these two developments. Students teams are establishing baseline conditions oin the aquatic and terrestrial communities of this part of the preserve, investigating the impacts that development will impose and considering development options that will reduce these impacts. Project two investigates the net primary productivity in two common ecosystems on the college campus lawn and old field (In each system areas dominated by grasses and herbaceous plants will be used)-- and to compare carbon fixation in these communities to carbon dioxide production by various campus activities, such as automobile use, electric energy use, etc.
1998: The Biology 345 class will conduct an environmental assessment of the two athletic field ponds at the northwest corner of the college campus. In past years we have described various features of ecology of these ponds and their watershed. This year we will study the plankton community of the ponds and the water chemistry of the ponds and their major surface water inputs. In addition, we will compare the athletic field ponds, which have received significant human impact for many decades, to a similar, but more isolated, pond in the Ecosystem Preserve. Results of the study will be used to develop a tentative management plan for the ponds. Fall (22 students)


A Brief History of Wood Floors
wood floor
Humans have been building homes for at least 400,000 years, but it was only in the 1600s that we got around to making floors out of wood. Prior to that, the floors of most houses were made of bare dirt or stone.
The first wood floors in Europe were simple. Just a few rough-hewn pine planks supported by joists, or even split logs set into the dirt with the cut side facing up. These early wooden floors were nothing like the elegant, polished interiors we associate with hardwood flooring today. They were unfinished, and smoothing was accomplished through years of regular foot traffic, not by sanding and polishing. Think of how many splinters you might have gotten in your feet after installing a wood floor in your home if you lived in the early 1600s!
Soon artisans began to refine wood flooring. By 1625, wealthy Europeans could pay to have intricate parquet floors installed in their homes. These floors were made by hand-cutting pieces of wood into small shapes that could be arranged together in repeating geometric patterns.
The abundance of timber in the New World made wood floors much more commonplace. But most American settlers and pioneers did not have much use for the impressive, artisan-crafted designs used in wealthy European homes. Early American plank floors were simply the most practical option in a country full of old-growth forests. The floors tended to be simple, with the boards cut at random widths and lengths and no stain or varnish applied.
The innovation of shiplap joinery made wood floors more durable and less prone to developing gaps, through which cold air, moisture, and small objects could pass.
In the 1700s, people began to apply painted designs to their wood floors. These could range in complexity from simple checkerboards to ornate vining or flowering patterns. Stain and varnish did not become common until the late 1800s.
During the Industrial Revolution, the process of making hardwood flooring became much less labor-intensive. Whereas before each plank would have to be sawn individually by no less than two men, now steam-powered lumber mills and woodworking machinery could process more boards in a day than two men could do in an hour. The technology meant wood floors could be produced more cheaply, and the finished product would be more uniform and attractive.
Still, the installation process was much more labor-intensive until the invention of the electric sander. Prior to that, floors had to be hand-scraped or have loose sand rubbed over them.
The 1940s and 50s saw a decline in the use of wood for flooring, as carpets and other flooring materials like linoleum grew in popularity. But nowadays, people are turning back to hardwood flooring for its simplicity, durability, and beauty.
Who knew the history of wood flooring could be so interesting? The history buffs at Five Step Carpet Care aren't just here to regale you with factoids, though. If you live in Western NC and are in need of professional wood floor cleaning services, give us a call at _PHONE_ or drop us a line today!


The Difference Between a Farmer and a Rancher
Close up on farmer hands
Crocodiles and alligators. Ghosts and spirits. Farmers and ranchers. Since this is an ag-related forum, let's talk about that last pair for a minute — is there really a difference? (Although maybe we'll dive into alligators and crocodiles later, who knows?)
When talking about one or the other, we usually try to say "farmer or rancher" to be as inclusive as possible. The definitions are a little ambiguous, so we want to cover all of our bases. By definition, a farmer is "a person who farms" and a rancher is "a person who owns or works on a ranch," but those are not the most descriptive explanations!
Because the words are a little subjective, we'll go over some of the most commonly accepted distinctions.
First, let's touch on a few similarities. People in both ranching and farming work long days outdoors and navigate the unpredictable weather. Grit, hard work and dedication are musts to be successful in either profession — and both are 24/7 ways of life.
However, there are some key differences.
Farmers usually focus on growing crops. They handle everything from planting seeds to harvesting. After harvest, they have to ensure proper storage to prevent rotting or contamination. Many farmers are also responsible for transporting their crops for sale.
Equipped with tractors, plows, combines and other machinery, farmers take great care to protect their land and get the best possible yield so they can help feed the world. Healthy soil plays a huge part in consistent crop production, so managing soil is top priority. Part of this effort is deciding whether or not to till their land. If you'd like to know more about the pros and cons of tilling, read up here!
Some farmers do work with animals, which can make the distinction confusing. Dairy and pig farmers fall under this category. For example, dairy farmers watch over and raise cows, with the ultimate goal of selling milk. And, also some ranching operations sell pork, we often use the term pig farmers for those who have their hogs penned and handle all care and feeding.
In general, farmers are to thank for fruits, vegetables and grains along with non-edible products like cotton and Christmas trees, with some yogurt, bacon and other items thrown in for good measure.
A specialized subset of the ag community is ranching. Traditionally, ranchers are known for grazing livestock on acreage for at least part of their lives. Ranchers raise, breed and care for animals of all kinds, which eventually gives us foods like beef, bison and more (yay, steak!).
Using stock trailers, feed troughs and squeeze chutes — a secure stall to keep animals still while receiving treatment or being examined — ranchers do everything they can to protect and look after their animals.
Keeping all the livestock healthy on a ranch is of the utmost priority. If diseases were to spread, it would be disastrous for the animals and for production. To keep things under control, ranchers make sure their animals get regular checkups and maintain good health.
Although farming and ranching are slightly different occupations, it's possible for a person to be both. Many folks farm the land for crops and raise livestock for meat.
Ultimately, we're darn thankful for both farmers and ranchers who put food on our tables and products in our homes.
More Farm Facts


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The learning that takes place while on Proctor's off-campus programs transforms students' perspectives regarding the world around them and often exposes them to situations, people, and places they never would otherwise experience. Communicating the impact of those experiences to friends and teachers on campus occurs through weekly updates from each program, however, last week, students in Tom Morgan's Modernism class had a 'face to face' lesson from students on Mountain Classroom.
Modernism students have been reading George Orwell's book, The Road to Wigan Pier, about the working and living conditions of coal miners in the 1930s. Throughout class discussions, students sincerely asked, "If these jobs are so horrible, why do people choose to work in them?"
Tom notes, "As a teacher, I felt I could have succeeded in answering this question in a reasonable and informed way; however, there was part of me that wanted something more impacting than'reasonable' and 'informed'."
Having led Proctor's Mountain Classroom program for four years (2002-2006), Tom's experience studying border issues in El Paso sparked an idea. The Annunciation House has long been a stop for Mountain Classroom groups, and Proctor alums, as they seek to learn about the lives of migrant workers in west Texas.
After a quick phone call to current Mountain Classroom leaders Crescent and Chris, a Skype session was arranged for the following class period since the Mountain Classroom group happened to be staying at the Annunciation House at that very time. The following video clips of that Skype session shed a light on the impacts of student to student learning discussed two weeks ago in this post.
As Charlotte wrote from the road in this week's Mountain Classroom update, the impact of having direct conversations with the very people whose story they are studying is immense, "Then a guest at the Annunciation house, came into the chapel and told us her personal story. It was really powerful to create a connection with someone and then hear their story. It made everything we were reading about in social science not just words on paper, but bridged a connection between facts and reality."
Allowing students on campus to tap into the knowledge of those studying off-campus is a logical connection, one that technology has made incredibly effective in recent years. In the following clip, Alvaro, a member of the Modernism course, compares his experiences as a Mexican citizen with those of the Mountain Classroom group.
Many thanks to the Mountain Classroom crew for continually sharing their photography and writing with the Proctor community and to Tom Morgan for capturing the conversations above on video! All Mountain Classroom pictures on this blog are compliments of Mountain Classroom this term.
An early morning Skype session with Tom Morgan's Modernism class provided an opportunity for Mountain Classroom participants to reflect on their experiences over the past few days in El Paso, Texas.
The content taught through Proctor's off-campus programs often directly applies to material studied on campus.
Connecting the two worlds allows both parties to improve depth of understanding, while also providing a unique perspective for students studying on-campus.


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Does a poercelain tea kettle need to toveled with bracha? What about its cover?
The kettle and its cover should be toiveled, but not with a berachah.
Porcelain might have the halachah of cheres, clay, whereby it is exempt from tevilah. However, because of the method of porcelain production today, most poskim are stringent and obligate tevilah (seeing the porcelain utensil as being possibly similar to glass), but without a berachah.


WXP Resources 1
What are Resources?
Resources are used to set parameters for WXP programs. Each WXP program has a list of resources that can be used to change input file parameters to output graphics characteristics. Each resources has a default value compiled into the program. Some of these resources default to a user prompt often with a menu of possible values.
You could just prompt the user for all of the resources but some WXP programs have over 30 available resources. This would make it to difficult to run the program. As a result, many of the resources are not visible (menus or prompts) but can be set either on the command line, through environment variables or with the resource file.
What are some typical Resources?
WXP has over 50 resources available. Each resource has a resource name and a value which can either be a number, string or a list of values separated by commas. Here is a list of typical resources used in WXP and a brief explanation of what information they contain:
File Resources
Date Resources
Data Analysis Parameters
Database Parameters
Plotting Parameters
Attribute/Color Parameters
Device/Window Parameters
Miscellaneous Parameters
How to set WXP Resources
WXP has several methods for accessing and modifying resources. Not every resource is called into a WXP program. For example, a decoder won't need color resources so it is set up to ignore these resources even if they are modified. We will now discuss each method in a bit more detail:
WXP Program Defaults
Each WXP program sets a default value for each of the resources that program needs. These are hardcoded into the program but often these are modified. For example, the data_path resource defaults to the current directory. Of course you would rarely store data in the current working directory so this resource is usually set to some other value. Some program defaults, allow the user to enter the value of the resource through a menu and prompt. An example of this is the plot_domain resource. As we saw in the previous tutorial, this resource is usually left to a user prompt and a menu of possible choices is display.
WXP Resource File
Resources that rarely change should be listed in the resource file. This file essentially contains WXP's default settings. The file can contain both global as well as program specific resource values. Generally, at the top of the resource file are all global resource values. An example of a global resource is:
 *data_path: /noaaport/nwstg/data
If a resource needs to be specifically set for a program, you can place the program name in place of the asterisk:
 grbcalc.data_path: /noaaport/nwstg/model
There are also named resources where a name is used in place of the program:
 nids.data_path: /noaaport/nwstg/nids
The concept of a named resource will be discussed later.
The default resource file is.wxpdef (wxp.def for DOS/Windows). The default location is the current working directory. If this file is located in a different directory, the directory must be listed in the wxpdefault environment variable:
 setenv wxpdefault /home/wxp/etc
This is usually set up by the system administator and added to your shell initialization script.
NOTE: WXP uses a license file whose location is dependent on the file_path resource. If this is not set, you may get "invalid license to use WXP".
Environment Variables
WXP offers a complete set of environment variables for setting WXP resources. In general, these will be used to set resources that will have the same value over a WXP session. A good example of this is if you want to use the latest available file for every program. To do this, you set the environment variable associated with the current resource. The name of the environment variable is just "wxp" + the resource name. So the current resource has an associated environment variable named "wxpcurrent". Now returning to the example, you would set the environment variable as such:
 setenv wxpcurrent la
which is the way to specify the latest (la) available. Now each WXP program will use the latest file and it won't prompt you for the file name.
All WXP resources have named environment variables as well. This works just like the resource file by specifying "wxp" + program name + "." + resource. So if you want color_data resource for only uacalplt to be red, then you would specify:
 setenv wxpuacalplt.color_data red
Environment variables can be unset at any time to return WXP to its default setup:
 unsetenv wxpuacalplt.color_data
So this makes a convenient mechanism for setting temporary values. The other place that environment values are useful are in scripts, which will be discussed later. If these settings are used often, you may want to add them to the resource file as named resources.
Command Line
As expected, each resource can be specified on the command line. Most WXP programs will prompt the user for critical information needed to run the program. But prompting for everything would make WXP impossible to use. Thus command line parameters/resource offer additional tailoring capabilities. Command line resources only affect the WXP program that you are invoking. If you want resources to carry over to other WXP programs, consider using environment variables. Using environment variables for common resources will often reduce the number of resources you need to specify on the command line.
The syntax for the command line is very similar to the to that for other methods. Most of the WXP resources are keyed resources. This means that the resource must be listed first and then the value. To specify that the resource is a keyed resource, the resource name is preceded by a "-". The syntax is "-" + resource name + "=" (optional) + its value.
 sfcwx -plot_domain=at
In many cases it would be nice to not list the entire resource name in the key. WXP provides two shortcuts. First, each resource has a 2 (sometimes 3) letter abbreviation associated with it. Here is a sample list of abbreviations:
Resource Abbr Resource Abbr Resource Abbr Resource Abbr
name_conv nc file_path fp data_path dp con_path cp
grid_path gp raw_path rp file_param pf in_file if
out_file of current cu num_hour nh hour ho
decode_hour dh plot_domain pd region re time ft
level le variable va identifier id stat_prior pr
object_param oa parameter pa city_file cf map_file mf
plot_type pl draw dr con_interval in con_base cb
plot_scale sc plot_param pp font_list fl color_table ct
color_text cot color_map com color_cmap cocm color_line coln
color_data cod color_wind cowd color_cloud cocd color_cont coco
color_fill cof color_front cofr device de geometry ge
title ti icon ic background bg default df
name na help h batch ba message me
Command Line Resource Abbreviations
So to simplify the plot_domain resource, you need to only specify:
 sfcwx -pd=at
The term keyed resource means that since each value is keyed, many resources can be set, each with its key and entered onto the command line in any order. For example:
 sfcwx -de=d -pd=us -me=none -va=all -ti=US_PLOT -cu=la
This will plot a surface map with:
Most WXP programs allow positional (non-keyed) resources. In most cases, this is the filename resource. A positional parameter does not need to have the resource specified and ONLY its value is listed:
 sfcwx 01062022
Some programs like wxploop allow you to specify more than one file:
 wxploop sfc1.gif sfc2.gif sfc3.gif sfc4.gif
The term positional means that they are order dependent. For wxploop, it uses this list of files to load GIF images into the program for animation or looping. They are loaded in the order they appear.
Keyed and Positional resources can be intermixed on the command line:
 sfcwx -re=us -va=all 01062022 -de=d -me=none -ti=US_PLOT
In this case, we use the positional file parameter instead of the current resource (-cu=la).
NOTE: Keyed resources can be listed more than once on a command line. The LAST occurrence of a keyed resource is the value taken. All other occurrences are ignored.
To get help on available resources, you can specify the help resource:
 % sfcwx -help
 sfcwx: This program plots various types of surface data
 sfcwx syntax (version:5.0-X11)
 sfcwx [options...]
 Keyed options...
 -df file Resource/defaults file name
 -na name Program name
 -h Print this help
 -ba Run program in batch mode
 -me level Message level to be displayed:
 -ic Open window iconified
 -bg clr Background color
 -ge wxh+x+y Window geometry
 Positional options...
 file Input


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This exhibition spotlights the lifestyles, and some of the religious practices of Orthodox Jewry in the years preceding the Holocaust, during the Holocaust, and in the immediate years following the Holocaust. It provides a rare glimpse into a world of tremendous religious faith and belief and allows us, through the images and through the testimony, to explore their experiences and their fate.
The video testimony is taken from the CD "Years Wherein We Have Seen Evil" - which is part of an educational unit* produced by the International School for Holocaust Studies at Yad Vashem. The unit focuses on the story of religious Jewry during the Holocaust within a general historical context as well as broader Jewish context. For more information about "Years Wherein We Have Seen Evil" click here.
Developed with the generous donation of Rudolph and Edith Tessler


Is There Any Legal Value To Warnings Concerning Cellular Phone Dangers At Gas Stations?
IMG_0418 2After using a gasoline station in McLean, Virginia for years, I noticed for the first time this sign tucked away on the side on station. It is a sign that would seem to ignore reality since drivers routinely use cell phone and electrical devices (such as car radio, tablets, readers, and video players at gasoline stations. In light of such observed and common practice, what legal value does this sign have for the station.
Such signs are routinely posted to create a legal defense by triggering assumption of the risk or claiming that the sign makes accidents less foreseeable. In states that have decreased or eliminated the use of assumption of the risk in light of the rise of comparative negligence principles, such signs are often cited as a basis for the reduction of any award based on plaintiff's conduct. It can also be cited as fulfilling a duty to warn business invitees of a latent risk.
However, if it is dangerous to use cellphones at gasoline stations, is this enough given the almost universal practice of making calls while pumping gas?
In Casas v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 201 F.3d 435, the Fourth Circuit considered a slip and fall where a warning was given in the form of a sign on the wet floor of the store. However, the Fourth Circuit noted that the court must still determine "whether the warning given was adequate under the circumstances." This requires a consideration of "the number, location, and adequacy of the warnings given by defendant." Is one sign sufficient warning? Indeed, is any sign sufficient warning if there is widespread violations of the rule? Clearly, the danger is not high given the extent of violations that can be observed at most stations.
This danger has been downplayed despite occasional stories of fires involving cellphone use.
Mythbusters did this segment on the claimed risk. However, some government offices maintain that there is a danger as with this warning in Canada.
23 thoughts on "Is There Any Legal Value To Warnings Concerning Cellular Phone Dangers At Gas Stations?"
 1. Hey mom and pop gas station owner, I hate to tell ya but an automobile is itself an electric device. It also will send out sparks from the gas engine. So keep your darn pumps in good working condition and don't let your meat loaf so to speak. Also, where is the windshield cleaning squeegee, the cleaner, the towels, the air for the tires, the clean bathroom, the soda pop machine that doesn't steal quarters, the cashier that can speak the King's English?
 2. From the young people I see hypnotized by their cell phones they would not even realize if they did burst into flaMes. "OMG, hot flashes, just like my mo…m..wait I…AHHHHHH."
 3. If static electricity is a problem with your car, remember the rubber tires are insulators. The car is not grounded, but when you touch it, you are the ground, which is why you can get the jolt. Or even strike a spark that might set off an explosion at the pump.
 There is a simple solution. Get a grounding strap, sometimes called a static wick. You may have noticed chains dangling from the frames of big trucks dragging along the ground. Those are cheap, but unless you drive a truck, doubt you want the sound of a chain dragging echoing through your family sedan. Good static wicks are made of rubber or plastic with wires embedded in them. Attach the bracket end to your car, and the rubberized material is heavy enough to drag the ground. As it wears away, fresh wire ends are exposed, so it is always grounded. If you go to the auto parts store and the clerk does not have grey hair, they will probably have no idea what you are asking for. One of the better known brands of static straps at the link.
 4. To answer the question: there is no value to the posted sign because the sign doesn't tell patrons what the danger is. Is the danger that an electrical spark will blow up the whole gas station? Or, is the danger that a distracted patron will be struck by a vehicle? Or, that fumes from the gas would effect cell phone operation such that government surveillance of your phone call would be impossible? Or, that Buddy, the Class D mechanic, just got out of the mental hospital and still thinks cell phone transmissions are messing up his brain and might get violent? If Buddy takes a tire iron to a customer, I don't think that sign is going to protect the owner from much of anything. Seriously, patrons might be willing to accept the risk of some dangers but not others.
 5. However, some government offices maintain that there is a danger as with this warning in Canada." – JT
 The defense would be a legal fiction. 😉
 6. I want a sign for my bathtub that reads:
 WARNING! High risk of slips and falls.
 7. If you study electronics and radio transmissions, they in fact can not only do things unintended but were the basis of the video depicting Senators who passed the Digital Millennium Act and gave Motorola a monopoly. Digit technology guys is gruesome in what it can actually do to those who don't know much about electricity, radio or sub-atomic charged particles and high powered magnetics. It's a shame–the naïve joke about tin foil hats, except, that only makes you an antennae. LOL People need to get educated in high tech or they will be of themselves, victims of others with an agenda. Cell Phones do remember, are not different in transmissions, than ON STAR which allows remote radio to unlock doors and do all kinds of other things to your vehicle's flash card and computer's vehicle brain. Wake up America.
 8. The author of the article should go to a different gas station. I don't like smokers at the pumps. Ya see a lot of that down here in NC.
 9. OS
 since most autos have plastic door handles inside and out, static discharge is a problem. Paul is right, don't get back in the car, and always touch the outside of the car at least once with your bare hand. i know it's a pain when it's cold but that is when the risk of static discharge is greatest.
 insofar as cell phones, who knows. most people would be better off if they put them down once in a while and paid a little more attention to what's going on around them.
 we're not the great multi-taskers we think we are.
 10. I have seen studies that the main cause of gas pump explosions is static electricity from people. The scenario is as follows…person pulls up to pump, gets out and starts the pump pumping, gets back into car because its cold(wet, snowy, windy, boring, etc) to stand by the car, pump stops, person gets out of car and without touching car reaches for the pump handle to extract it from the car when a static discharge between them and the car/ground happens.
 Lesson, Do Not get back into your car when pumping gas. Before reaching for the pump handle (whether you got back in your car or not), touch the car away from the pump handle, continue touching the car with one hand while you grab the pump handle with the other.
 11. What you describe is, of course, under these circumstances, not an effective warning viewed from the standpoint of public safety. It doesn't bring a person from the point of ingrained habit to the different point of new awareness of a danger – this is the issue.
 Viewed from the jury box – after the fact – when the deed is done – "when you can't undo the harm" – "when they should have known better" – "when the harmed didn't take personal responsibility" – and "when I wouldn't have done such a stupid thing" it may be viewed very differently.
 12. I have seen several security camera videos of people using cell phones at gas pumps, and the pump exploding into flames. However, in every one of those I have seen, the customer does something like sit down in the car seat, then get up. That is usually a trigger for a static spark as anyone who has touched a car on a cool dry day can attest.
 Airplane fueling is something I am familiar with. It is mandatory for the fueler to attach a ground lead to the airplane, and the fuel truck be grounded. That is usually with a dangling strip of wire or chain under the truck that touches the ground. The ground lead is a long wire that runs from the truck to the plane and is attached to the plane with an alligator clip. Fuel flowing through a hose and nozzle can create static electricity.
 As for cell phones and other modern gadgets, their risk of creating a hazardous spark is virtually none. They use very little electricity, hardly more than your digital watch. The service station would be on sounder legal ground if they provided ground wires (no pun intended) or some sort of way to ground vehicles. They already require you to sit portable fuel containers on the ground before filling. Filling a gas can in the back of a pickup truck, for example, is asking for trouble.
 13. They may not want people to be using the gas pumps while distracted by those devices, like it is with laws about using them while driving.
Comments are closed.


text:
Agency for statistic of Bosnia and Herzegovina is publishing data on innovation activity of enterprises referring to the period 2016-2018, obtained through the biennial survey on innovation activities of enterprises in Bosnia and Herzegovina (INOV). The Survey was carried out on the sample consisting of 3.116 enterprises, with the response rate of enterprises, which completed the questionnaire of 67.8%.
Innovation-active enterprises are those that, in the observation period, have had completed product or process innovation activities and/or ongoing innovation activities at the end of 2018 and/or abandoned innovation activities and/or in-house research and development activities and/or contract-out research and development activities. Innovation activities in the observation period may result in innovation, be ongoing, delayed or abandoned
Out of the total number of enterprises, 35.6% introduced at least one of the above innovation activities in the observation period 2016-2018. In the same observation period, 64.4 % of enterprises have not implemented innovative activities.
Innovation activity of enterprises increases as their size increases. Thus, 59.4% of enterprises in the observed number of large enterprises (250 employees and more) were innovation-active, 46.6% in the observed number of medium enterprises (between 50 and 249 employees), while 31.5% of enterprises in the group of small enterprises (between 10 and 49 employees) were innovation-active
By section of the Classification of Economic Activities 2010, which in its content and structure fully complies with the Statistical Classification of Economic Activities of the EU, NACE Rev.2, the largest number of innovation-active enterprises was recorded in the section Information and communication, 63.9%, and the least innovative enterprises was recorded in the section Mining and quarrying, 17.


System Administration Guide, Volume 1
How to See If a File System Needs Checking
 1. Become superuser.
 2. Unmount the file system if it is mounted.
 # umount /mount-point
 3. Check the file system.
 # fsck -m /dev/rdsk/device-name
 In this command, the state flag in the superblock of the file system you specify is checked to see whether the file system is clean or requires checking.
 If you omit the device argument, all the UFS file systems listed in /etc/vfstab with a fsck pass value greater than 0 are checked.
Example--Seeing If a File System Needs Checking
The following example shows that the file system needs checking.
# fsck -m /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s6
** /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s6
ufs fsck: sanity check: /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s6 needs checking


author: Krasimir Tsonev
Start your own JavaScript library using webpack and ES6
Two months ago I published a starter pack for React based on webpack. Today I found out that I need almost the same thing but without the React bit. This simplifies the setup but there are still some tricky parts. So, I made a brand new repository webpack-library-starter and placed all the stuff that we need for creating a JavaScript library.
First of all, what I meant by saying "library"
My definition for library in the context of JavaScript is a piece of code that provides specific functionality. It does one thing and it is doing it well. In the ideal case should not depend on another library or framework. A good example for library is jQuery. React and Vue.js could be also considered a library.
The library should:
 - Be available for in-browser use. Understand including the library via


text:
I know that I know nothing
|Part of a series on|
|"I know that I know nothing"
Social gadfly · Trial of Socrates
|Socratic dialogue · Socratic method
Socratic questioning · Socratic paradox
|Plato · Xenophon
Antisthenes · Aristippus
|Megarians · Cynicism · Cyrenaics · Platonism
Stoicism · The Clouds
The phrase "I know that I know nothing" or "I know one thing: that I know nothing" (Ancient Greek: ἓν οἶδα ὅτι οὐδὲν οἶδα hèn oîda hóti oudèn oîda; Latin: scio me nihil scire or scio me nescire), sometimes called the Socratic paradox, is a well-known saying that is derived from Plato's account of the Greek philosopher Socrates. This saying is also connected and/or conflated with the answer Socrates is said to have received from Pythia, the oracle of Delphi, in answer to the question "who is the wisest man in Greece?".
In Plato
The saying, though widely attributed to Plato's Socrates in both ancient and modern times, actually occurs nowhere in Plato's works as is. Two prominent Plato scholars have recently argued that the claim should not be attributed to Plato's Socrates.
[…] οὖτος μὲν οἴεταί τι εἰδέναι οὐκ εἰδώς, ἐγὼ δέ, ὥσπερ οὖν οὐκ οἶδα, οὐδὲ οἴμαι
– This man, on one hand, believes that he knows something, while not knowing [anything]. On the other hand, I – equally ignorant – do not believe [that I know anything].
The impreciseness of the paraphrase of this as I know that I know nothing stems from the fact that the author is not saying that he does not know anything but means instead that one cannot know anything with absolute certainty but can feel confident about certain things.
Chaerephon, a friend of Socrates asked Pythia, The Oracle of Delphi : "Is anyone wiser than Socrates?". The answer was: "No human is wiser". Socrates tried to find someone who is wiser than himself, since he denied any knowledge, among politicians, poets, and craftsmen. It appeared that politicians claimed wisdom without knowledge; poets could touch people with their words, but did not know their meaning; and craftsmen could claim knowledge only in specific and narrow fields. The interpretation of Oracle's answer might be Socrates' awareness of his own ignorance.
καὶ νῦν περὶ ἀρετῆς ὃ ἔστιν ἐγὼ μὲν οὐκ οἶδα, σὺ μέντοι ἴσως πρότερον μὲν ᾔδησθα πρὶν ἐμοῦ ἅψασθαι, νῦν μέντοι ὅμοιος εἶ οὐκ εἰδότι.
– So now I do not know what virtue is; perhaps you knew before you contacted me, but now you are certainly like one who does not know. (trans. G.M.A. Grube)
Here, Socrates aims at the change of Meno's opinion, who was a firm believer in his own opinion and whose claim to knowledge Socrates had disproved.
It is essentially the question that begins "post-socratic" Western philosophy. Socrates begins all wisdom with wondering, thus one must begin with admitting one's ignorance. After all, Socrates' dialectic method of teaching was based on that he as a teacher knew nothing, so he would derive knowledge from his students by dialogue.
There's also a passage by Diogenes Laertius in his work Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers where he lists, among the things that Socrates used to say: "εἰδέναι μὲν μηδὲν πλὴν αὐτὸ τοῦτο εἰδέναι", or that he knew nothing except that he knew that very fact [i.e. that he knew nothing]
Again, closer to the quote, there's a passage in Plato's Apology, where Socrates says that after discussing with someone he started thinking that
τούτου μὲν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐγὼ σοφώτερός εἰμι· κινδυνεύει μὲν γὰρ ἡμῶν οὐδέτερος οὐδὲν καλὸν κἀγαθὸν εἰδέναι, ἀλλ' οὗτος μὲν οἴεται τι εἰδέναι οὐκ εἰδώς, ἐγὼ δέ, ὥσπερ οὖν οὐκ οἶδα, οὐδὲ οὄιμαι· ἔοικα γοῦν τούτου γε σμικρῷ τινι αὐτῷ τούτῳ σοφώτερος εἶναι, ὅτι ἃ μή οἶδα οὐδὲ οἴομαι εἰδέναι
Where the translation is roughly
I am wiser than this man, for neither of us appears to know anything great and good; but he fancies he knows something, although he knows nothing; whereas I, as I do not know anything, so I do not fancy I do. In this trifling particular, then, I appear to be wiser than he, because I do not fancy I know what I do not know.
Alternate usage
The secondary usage refers to statements of Socrates that seem contrary to common sense, such as that "no one desires evil." In this usage, the term does not refer to a strict paradox, but rather to either of two surprising and unacceptable conclusions drawn from the Socratic dialogues of Plato: (i) the startling consequence of Socrates' association of knowledge and virtue, according to which nobody ever does wrong knowingly; (ii) the view that nobody knows what they mean when they use a term unless they can provide an explicit definition of it. Although this last is sometimes called the Socratic fallacy, this can be regarded as being uncharitable to Socrates, whose concern was not simply with meaning, but more with notions like justice or reason, for which our inability to provide principles may well reflect ignorance and muddle.
See also
- Gail Fine, "Does Socrates Claim to Know that He Knows Nothing?", Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy vol. 35 (2008), pp. 49-88.
- Fine argues that "it is better not to attribute it to him" ("Does Socrates Claim to Know that He Knows Nothing?", Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy vol. 35 (2008),p. 51). C.C.W. Taylor has argued that the "paradoxical formulation is a clear misreading of Plato" (Socrates, Oxford University Press 1998, p. 46).
- Plato, Apology 21d.
- Stokes, Michael (1997). Apology of Socrates. Warminster: Aris & Phillips. p. 18. ISBN 0-85668-371-X.
- Plato; Morris Kaplan (3 February 2009). The Socratic Dialogues. Kaplan Publishing. p. 9. ISBN 978-1-4277-9953-1. Retrieved 23 July 2011.
- Plato, Meno 80d1-3.
- I know that I know nothing from a blog view
- p. 14, Terence Irwin, The Development of Ethics, vol. 1, Oxford University Press 2007; p. 147, Gerasimos Santas, "The Socratic Paradoxes", Philosophical Review 73 (1964), pp. 147-64.


text:
Embarking on the thrilling pursuit of pheasant hunting without the steadfast companionship of a loyal canine can be likened to navigating uncharted territory. In this article, we delve into the intricacies of solo pheasant hunting, equipping you with the techniques, strategies, and essential gear necessary to conquer the challenges. Whether you are a seasoned hunter or a novice venturing into this realm, join us as we uncover the secrets to tracking, shooting, and retrieving pheasants without a faithful four-legged partner by your side.
- Hunting pheasants without a dog can be challenging due to the difficulty of flushing out elusive birds and the logistical obstacles of tracking and retrieving them.
- To increase the chances of success, solo hunters need to rely on their own skills and knowledge to outsmart pheasants, including studying their behavior and habitat preferences.
- Utilizing stealthy approaches and effective decoy usage can help attract pheasants and create a realistic hunting scenario.
- Decoys should be placed in open fields or near brushy areas where pheasants commonly feed or roost, and effective calling techniques can also be used to attract and ambush pheasants.
The Challenges of Hunting Pheasants Alone
The solitary pursuit of hunting pheasants presents numerous challenges, from the difficulty of flushing out the elusive birds to the logistical obstacles of tracking and retrieving them without the assistance of a hunting dog. Without a canine companion, hunters must rely on their own skills and knowledge to locate pheasant hotspots. This requires a deep understanding of the bird's behavior and habitat preferences. Pheasants are known to inhabit areas with dense cover, such as tall grasses, shrubs, and wetlands. By studying their feeding patterns and roosting sites, hunters can identify potential hotspots. Additionally, scouting the area in advance and looking for signs like tracks, feathers, and droppings can provide valuable information. While hunting pheasants alone may present challenges, it also offers a sense of self-reliance and the opportunity to develop a deeper connection with nature and the pursuit of game.
Techniques and Strategies for Solo Pheasant Hunting
When it comes to solo pheasant hunting, techniques and strategies play a crucial role in increasing your chances of success. Without the assistance of a dog, hunters must rely on their own skills and knowledge to outsmart these elusive birds. From utilizing stealthy approaches to effectively using decoys, there are various techniques that can help you navigate the challenges of hunting pheasants alone.
Dogless Hunting Tips
Successfully hunting pheasants without a canine companion requires employing at least three effective dogless hunting tips. While hunting without a dog poses its challenges, there are alternative bird decoy methods that can enhance your chances of a successful hunt.
One effective tip is to use a combination of decoys to create a realistic hunting scenario. Placing a hen decoy along with a rooster decoy can attract pheasants by simulating a social gathering. Another tip is to utilize movement decoys, such as a spinning wing decoy or a fluttering tail decoy, to add motion to your setup and grab the attention of passing pheasants. Lastly, employing a predator decoy, like a coyote or fox decoy, can trigger a defensive response in pheasants, making them more likely to approach your hunting area.
Stealthy Approaches for Pheasants
Consistently employing stealthy approaches is essential for solo pheasant hunters looking to enhance their chances of a successful hunt. Pheasants are known for their keen senses and ability to detect danger from a distance. Therefore, hunters must adopt strategies that allow them to approach these birds undetected. One of the most effective stealthy hunting techniques is to move slowly and quietly through the hunting ground. This minimizes noise and prevents the birds from being alerted to your presence. Another technique is to utilize effective decoy usage. Placing decoys strategically can lure pheasants to a desired location, allowing the hunter to take a shot without being noticed. By combining these stealthy approaches and using decoys effectively, solo pheasant hunters can greatly increase their chances of a successful hunt.
Effective Decoy Usage
Utilizing decoys strategically and employing proper positioning are essential techniques for effectively attracting and ambushing pheasants during solo hunts. Decoys can be an invaluable tool in your hunting arsenal, but their effectiveness relies heavily on decoy placement and effective calling techniques.
When it comes to decoy placement, it is crucial to mimic natural patterns and behaviors of pheasants. Placing decoys in open fields or near brushy areas where pheasants commonly feed or roost can increase your chances of attracting them. It is also important to position the decoys in a way that creates a realistic and enticing scene. Placing them in different orientations and angles can give the illusion of movement, making them more appealing to passing pheasants.
In addition to decoy placement, mastering effective calling techniques is vital. Pheasants are attracted to the distinct sounds of their own species, so learning to imitate their calls can be a game-changer. Practice different calls such as the cackle, crow, and assembly calls to effectively communicate with the birds and draw them closer.
Essential Gear for Hunting Pheasants Without a Dog
The article discusses the essential gear needed for hunting pheasants without a dog. While having a well-trained hunting dog can greatly enhance the hunting experience, it is still possible to successfully hunt pheasants without one. To do so, hunters need to be well-prepared and equipped with the right gear. First and foremost, a reliable shotgun is essential. A 12 or 20-gauge shotgun with a modified or improved cylinder choke is recommended for pheasant hunting. Additionally, hunters should invest in high-quality ammunition specifically designed for pheasants. Other essential gear includes a hunting vest with plenty of pockets for carrying extra ammunition, a hunting knife, a compass or GPS device, and blaze orange clothing for safety. It is also important to have a good understanding of pheasant behavior and habitat, as well as effective hunting techniques such as stalking and flushing. With the right gear and knowledge, hunting pheasants without a dog can still be a rewarding and successful experience.
Locating Pheasant Hotspots Without Canine Assistance
Several effective methods exist for identifying and pinpointing pheasant hotspots without the need for canine assistance. When it comes to locating pheasant habitats, there are various scouting techniques that can be employed. By understanding the behavior and preferences of pheasants, hunters can increase their chances of a successful hunt.
One method is to look for food sources. Pheasants are primarily grain eaters, so areas with abundant crops such as corn, wheat, or soybeans are likely to attract them. Another technique is to search for suitable cover. Pheasants prefer areas with tall grasses, shrubs, and brush piles, as they provide protection from predators. Lastly, water sources are also important for pheasants, so checking near rivers, streams, or ponds can be fruitful.
By utilizing these scouting techniques, hunters can identify pheasant hotspots and plan their hunts accordingly. While a canine companion can be helpful, it is not always necessary to locate these elusive birds. With a little knowledge and observation, hunters can find success in pheasant hunting without a dog.
|Look for food sources
|Areas with abundant crops such as corn, wheat, or soybeans attract pheasants.
|Search for suitable cover
|Pheasants prefer areas with tall grasses, shrubs, and brush piles.
|Check near water sources
|Pheasants are often found near rivers, streams, or ponds.
Shooting Skills and Accuracy for Dogless Pheasant Hunting
To improve shooting skills and accuracy during dogless pheasant hunting, hunters can practice proper aiming techniques and employ effective shooting strategies. Shooting techniques play a crucial role in successful hunting, especially when hunting without a dog. Understanding bird behavior is essential for anticipating their movements and adjusting your aim accordingly. Observing the flight patterns of pheasants can provide valuable insights into their behavior and help you position yourself for a higher chance of success. Additionally, practicing shooting techniques such as proper grip, stance, and follow-through can significantly enhance your accuracy. It is important to focus on maintaining a steady aim, leading the bird correctly, and squeezing the trigger smoothly. Regular practice and honing these skills will not only increase your chances of hitting your target but also ensure a more humane and ethical hunting experience.
Tips for Tracking and Retrieving Pheasants Without a Dog
When hunting pheasants without a dog, tracking and retrieving can be challenging. However, there are techniques that can help you succeed. One tip is to focus on solo hunting techniques, such as flushing the birds out of cover and anticipating their flight patterns. Additionally, alternative bird retrieval methods, such as using a long-handled net or a fishing pole with a hook, can be effective in retrieving downed birds.
Solo Pheasant Hunting Techniques
One effective technique for solo pheasant hunting without a dog is to utilize stealth and patience, allowing the hunter to get close enough for a successful shot. When hunting pheasants alone, it is crucial to approach the hunting area with caution. Walk slowly and quietly, avoiding any sudden movements or noises that could startle the birds. Keep an eye out for cover, such as tall grasses or brush, where pheasants are likely to hide. Take advantage of natural terrain features to conceal your approach. By moving slowly and quietly, you increase your


What's On
 - Written by News Co Media
Whether you own a large business or a smaller one, or you are renovating your home or school - waste is a must! So, where to dispose of it? Certainly, the answer to this question is skip bins but make sure you have chosen the right one for your needs. Find skip bins and don't waste the waste!
However, have you ever wondered what kind of waste you can dump in skip bins? If you are the one who is thinking that you can dump off everything in the bin then this article will burst your bubble out because this is not true. There are certain limits of waste that you can dispose of.
Let's have a look at what and whatnot you can put in the skip and why you cannot dispose of certain items.
Items That You Can Put In Skip Bin:
Commonly and practically you put such things in the skip bin which are not sharp, hazardous, or harmful to oneself, others, and the environment too. Safety measures are a must so, you simply cannot add anything in there. Here is a list of things that you can put in your skip bin and if there is a certain item that is not here that consult your supplier for better guidance.
 1. Bricks
 2. Concrete (dry)
 3. Tiles
 4. Gyprock
 5. Plasterboard
 6. Green waste
 7. Small tree logs
 8. Whitegoods
 9. Furniture
 10. Metal
 11. Plastics
 12. Timber
 13. Rubble
 14. Soil and sand
 15. Cool room panels
 16. Small amounts of glass
 17. Sawdust (bagged)
 18. Blue board
 19. Villaboard
 20. Terracotta
 21. Rocks and stones
 22. Fabrics and clothes
 23. Shoes
 24. Water heaters (empty)
 25. Appliances
 26. Electronics
 27. Cement sheeting compressed
 28. Foam and polystyrene
 29. New insulation
A few more items can be dumped off into the skip bin, but these might cost you additional charges as they require some extra effort and care to make sure that they won't harm any. Have a look at the list:
 1. Rubber tyres
 2. Carpet and underlay
 3. Mattresses and bed bases
 4. Rubber and rubber flooring
 5. Synthetic grass and AstroTurf
 6. Soft fall
 7. Vinyl
 8. Foam and polystyrene
 9. Silica Dust
Items That You Cannot Put In Skip Bin:
Where there is a white there is a black too, likewise, when you can put certain things in the bin; there are many which you cannot put. These limits are grounded and rules and regulations are set, also, it saves the environment and surrounding by any hazardous items which may cause uneasiness.
 1. Asbestos:
The one item that is unacceptable in any case is Asbestos. It is prohibited to put in the skip bin, not only this but it is against the law too. Why? because Asbestos is a very dangerous and hazardous chemical that can cause cancer and other severe diseases. Also, because the items made of Asbestos cannot be recycled to reuse.
But if there is any item that contains Asbestos and you wish to dispose of then the perfect solution is to contact an Asbestos removal contractor because they are professional and can do it perfectly.
 1. Gas Cylinders:
A cylinder full of gas can be hazardous, but a question must be popping up: who puts a loaded gas cylinder in a bin? Certainly, on one; then why is there in the list of "NOT TO PUT" items. It is because whether the cylinder is empty or full there are high chances of residual contents being present in the gas cylinders. This is why the skip hires companies do not accept it as they are not licensed to do that.
Pro tip: you can always refill it and reuse it, OR send it to the person you bought it from.
 1. Medical Waste:
Medical waste ranges from surgical needles to biological waste that for skip hires companies can prove to be hazardous. That is why specialist disposal is needed, and it can not be placed in a skip bin. Several approved medical waste disposal companies across the country can easily be approached for the disposal of medical waste.
 1. Fluorescent Bulbs:
Since fluorescent bulbs contain very dangerous materials such as mercury, you should not place them in a skip. Again, you can need to contact your local council to direct you through the recycling centers where your old fluorescent bulbs can be recycled.
 1. Large Batteries:
The large batteries which are used for cars, trucks, etc cannot be disposed of in the skips, as they contain very harmful chemicals such as lead. These batteries should be recycled by using collection boxes that can be easily available at a supermarket or nearby shops.
 1. Fuel, Solvents, and Paints:
To dispose of these items you are required to have a license or you will be sued. Because these materials can cause serious chemical burns as they are combustible.
 1. Electrical Appliances:
Computers, dishwashers, televisions, freezers, electric cookers, microwaves, and refrigerators are to name a few of the electrical equipment and appliances that are prohibited. It is because they have numerous hazardous chemical, sharp objects, and are hard to handle too.
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How to Hold Focus Mitts & Pads: Top Tips
There's no denying that focus mitts are an essential part of any fighters training regime.
The only issue is, they require someone else to hold them.
Not only that, the person holding the mitts needs to have a good knowledge of different combinations and where they should be holding the mitts for each combo.
A good focus mitt session is only as good as the person holding the mitts, and with that in mind, we've put together this guide o how to hold focus mitts.
We're going to cover some tips you can implement into your training, go over some useful combinations and share some valuable resources as well.
Let's get to it.
Benefits of Focus Mitts
Before we get into our top tips, let's first analyse the benefits that using focus mitts has to offer.
Work on Distance & Timing
Focus mitt work allows the person training to work on their distance and timing, which can't really be done on equipment such as a heavy bag.
By using focus mitts, you're much able to somewhat simulate a fight scenario, where the person training must move around, gage the distance and react to the pad mans commands.
Train Both Offensive & Defensive Technique
One of the main benefits of focus mitt's is how they allow the fighter to train both their offensive and defensive game. They can practice throwing a combination, slipping a counter and returning with another combination.
This can't really be done with any other equipment, especially to this sort of level.
Practice Movement
Focus mitt work allows the person training to practice working different angles, get comfortable coming in and out of range and develop their footwork.
With the exception of sparring, very few other training exercises provide such a well rounded practice, especially where movement is concerned.
Simulate a Fight, Round by Round
If a fighter is training for an upcoming fight, focus mitts can be a great way to keep their senses sharp, without having to spar.
You can even set the timer to however many rounds their upcoming fight is, and work the pads for that amount of time. This way, they'll be able to develop their endurance so that they can maintain a certain level of output throughout their fight.
How to Hold Focus Mitts: Top Tips
Right, let's dive into some of our top tips for holding focus mitts.
Also, if you haven't already got yourself a decent pair, head over and check out our guide on the best focus mitts for some fantastic options.
Tip 1: Positioning
First things first, is for the pad man (or women) to have their positioning correct - both in terms of how they're stood and where they're holding the mitts.
I've seen a lot of people in the gym holding the mitts way too far out to the side. As a general rule of thumb, keep your elbows close to your body. If you're holding the mitts out like chicken wings, bring them elbows in much, much closer.
Tip 2: Arm & Wrist Tension
When you're holding the mitts for the person training, make sure to keep your arm and wrist somewhat tensed. You don't want your wrist to be snapping back every time the person hits the mitt. Keep your wrists and elbows firm throughout the exercise.
Tip 3: Hand Movement
In terms of hand movement, it's important to find the right balance. You don't want to keep your hands raised and still the whole time, nor do you want to be overly swinging the mitts towards the persons glove.
Lightly bring the mitt towards the persons gloves - don't extend too far though, as you want the person training to practice finding the correct distance and find the pad themselves (move the pad around an inch or two).
Similarly, don't keep your hands raised the entire time like a tree. Instead, drop your hands to your waist in between each combination. This way, the person training has to react to your movement.
Tip 4: Remind Them to Keep Their Hands Raised
The whole point of pad work is to help keep the fighter sharp, fast and maintaining their technique. As such, it's your duty as the pad man to prevent them from picking up any bad habits and keep their technique in shape.
For example, if the person training is dropping their hands, make sure you let them know. Throw a cheeky jab to their head (lightly), just to let them know if this was a real opponent, they'd have been hit.
Tip 5: Don't Always Call Out the Combinations
You can also do something that's known as target practice. This is where you don't call out the combinations, just put the mitts up and let the fighter react to what they see.
This can help to get them used to throwing strikes and combinations out of instinct, as opposed to being told what to do. I would do this alongside regular pad work, maybe for the last round, once they've found their rhythm and have an idea what sort of combinations are going to be coming.
Tip 6: Remember to Move Around
If you've got space, use it.
A real fight isn't going to consist of two fighters planting their feet and banging it out (well it's unlikely). Remember to circle around the person training, so that they have to follow you in order to stay in front and land their combinations.
What's more, this movement will allow them to practice working different angles, and using their footwork to stay in range.
Tip 7: Increase Speed
As your training partner is starting to land the combinations comfortably, start to pick up the pace.
This in turn will help to improve their hand speed as well as their endurance.
Tip 8: Throw Your Own Strikes
In an actual boxing match, or any combat sports match for that matter, the person opposite you is going to be fighting back.
With that in mind, you as the pad holder should throw some of your own strikes into the mix, forcing the person training to slip or roll out of the way.
You can work these nice into the combinations, for example jab, cross, hook, slip, jab, cross, hook.
Example Combinations
If you're finding it hard to know which combination to call out, the below video is a fantastic example.
I absolutely love this video from precision boxing, as it literally shows you how to hold the pads for different combinations.
It also starts off nice and simple, then starts to incorporate some more advanced combinations as the video progresses.
Check it out below.
Final Thoughts
Thanks for taking the time to read our guide on how to hold focus mitts.
If you've got any questions, or even any of your own tips, leave a comment down below.
James Davis
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Media Contact: Ron Walli
Communications and Media Relations
ORNL tool puts spotlight on nation's electricity generation capacity
OR-SAGE results for advanced coal plants. (hi-res image)
Oak Ridge Siting Analysis for power Generation Expansion, or OR-SAGE, divides the United States into nearly 700 million 2.5-acre cells that can be studied to determine if they are candidates for one or more types of electric power plant. This tool was used to produce results presented in a 152-page report prepared by the Department of Energy's ORNL for the Electric Power Research Institute and allows for quick screening and characterization of potential sites.
"OR-SAGE is a dynamic visualization database that allows us to look at the entire country through a lens," said Olufemi Omitaomu, a researcher in ORNL's Computational Sciences and Engineering Division. "The technology provides assistance working with real-world constraints."
Omitaomu and colleagues Gary Mays and Randy Belles emphasized that OR-SAGE is not a substitute for a "boots on the ground" detailed inspection of a given site, but the tool provides much information regarding numerous screening factors and considerations without having to visit a site.
"OR-SAGE takes into account availability of water, identifies sufficient land areas that are suitable to meet nominal requirements for the footprint of the various types of plants and impacts on siting future plants in terms of increases in population and demand for water," said Mays, project manager and a member of ORNL's Reactor and Nuclear Systems Division. "Ultimately, the tool allows for the flexible use of screening criteria for candidate site comparisons and enhances the ability to assess energy needs."
A previous project that ORNL completed for DOE's Office of Nuclear Energy focused on siting nuclear power plants and provided the basis for developing the OR-SAGE methodology. For this EPRI study, OR-SAGE also was used to examine advanced coal with carbon capture and storage, solar and compressed air energy power plants. Together, these studies are helping to identify hundreds of potential areas for power generation in the United States.
A key driver for this work is the fact that by 2035, 4,775 billion kilowatt hours of electricity generation will be needed to meet annual energy demand in the United States, according to DOE's Energy Information Administration. This represents an annual increase in demand of 0.8 percent. Experts expect the additional electricity to be provided by a mix of power generation plants, and this report provides EPRI and other research groups with a tool to inform their analyses.
OR-SAGE, which utilizes geographic information system data in addition to ORNL's LandScan, the world's most advanced population database, examines millions of cells and simultaneously determines their suitability for the various types of power generation.
"With this study and resulting tool we are able to identify candidate sites for a variety of electrical generation plants and further characterization of these sites," Belles said. "We can evaluate for any given prospective site which type of plant is best suited, how far it is to transmission assets and the distance to underground geological formations suitable for carbon sequestration."
The researchers noted that nuclear power plants share some of the same siting considerations as advanced coal. For example, both need to be within about 20 miles of a large body of water to meet cooling needs. In making siting decisions, OR-SAGE also takes into account population density, protected lands, seismic activity, terrain, proximity to airports, military bases, oil pipelines, refineries and a number of other factors.
The attached map presents one result characterizing areas that are suitable or have some number of siting challenges for advanced coal plants using geologic storage for carbon emissions. Siting challenges are relative to the selected screening criteria and values.
The siting process is complicated by the fact that the generation source identified as being the best is not always located near load demand, Mays said. Such situations necessitate a coordinated energy policy to generate and deliver power where it is needed.
Results of the study show potential electric generation capacity of 158 gigawatts for advanced coal, 60 gigawatts/18 gigawatts for dry-cooled and water-cooled concentrated solar, respectively, and 515 gigawatts for large reactor plants.
Other contributors to the report were Stan Hadley, Thomas Harrison, Bradley Neish and Amy Rose. The report, titled "Application of Spatial Data Modeling and Geographical Information Systems for Identification of Potential Siting Options for Various Electrical Generation Sources," was published in December. The EPRI lead on this project is Francisco de la Chesnaye, program manager, Energy and Climate Analysis Group.
EPRI conducts research and development relating to the generation, delivery and use of electricity for the benefit of the public. EPRI, an independent, nonprofit organization, brings together its scientists and engineers as well as experts from academia and industry to help address challenges in electricity, including reliability, efficiency, health, safety and the environment. EPRI also provides technology, policy and economic analyses to drive long-range research and development planning, and supports research in emerging technologies. EPRI's members represent more than 90 percent of the electricity generated and delivered in the United States, and international participation extends to 40 countries. EPRI's principal offices and laboratories are located in Palo Alto, Calif.; Charlotte, N.C.; Lenox, Mass.; and Knoxville.
UT-Battelle manages ORNL for DOE's Office of Science. The Office of Science is the single largest supporter of basic research in the physical sciences in the United States, and is working to address some of the most pressing challenges of our time. For more information, please visit _URL_
The report is publically available at _URL_
NOTE TO EDITORS: You may read other press releases from Oak Ridge National Laboratory or learn more about the lab at _URL_ Additional information about ORNL is available at the sites below:
Twitter - _URL_
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Unemployment in Jamaica
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The aim of this School Based Assessment is to investigate unemployment in the community of Block 2E Garvey Meade, Portmore and to give or suggest recommendations that can be put in place to improve the unemployment rate in the community
Methodology EMPLOYED
In order to carry out this research the researcher will be using printed questionnaires. A questionnaire is an inexpensive way to gather data from a potentially large number of respondents, it is a series of questions written or typed and given to individuals to obtain statistically useful information about a given topic. Questionnaires were used because of its advantage to gather numerous information from different persons in a short time span, when compared to doing multiple interviews. The researcher also gathered information from other sources such as the internet and books. This was done so that the information presented was as close to a hundred percent accurate as possible.
The researcher of this assignment wanted to know the main cause and effect of unemployment in his community and how it impacts the community and its members. The researcher structured a set of five questions to aid in his effort, these are: What are the effects of unemployment?
How are the unemployed surviving?
What are some benefits of unemployment?
* What is the main reason for unemployment?
* What can be done to reduce unemployment?
The researcher collected the information presented in this S.B.A from the community of Block 2E Garvey Meade in Portmore, St. Catherine which holds approximately twenty-five households. A total of fifteen questionnaires were prepared for distribution, as the researcher thought that it was necessary to obtain answers from at least fifty percent of the inhabitants of the community. The researcher had expected for ten questionnaires to return.
The researcher wanted to ensure as much accuracy as possible...
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Rudolf Valenta
Rudolf Valenta
Position: Professor
T +43 1 40400-51080
Further Information
Allergy and Immunology
Research interests
 1. Investigation of the evolution of allergen-specific immune responses in childhood
 2. Development and clinical evaluation of therapeutic allergy vaccines
 3. Development of allergen-specific strategies for preventive vaccination and tolerance induction for allergy
 4. Development of IgE-targeting strategies for allergy therapy
 5. Investigation of respiratory virus-induced exacerbations of asthma, COPD and ACOS
 6. Development of diagnostic tests and immunotherapy strategies for celiac disease
 7. Development of a rhinovirus vaccine for asthma prevention
 8. Development of a therapeutic HIV vaccine
 9. Development of preventive and therapeutic vaccines for hepatitis B infections
 10. Diagnostics and vaccines for SARS-CoV-2
SFB programm "Towards prevention and therapy of allergy"
PhD-Program Molecular, Cellular and Clinical Allergology


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CD47 aka the "don't eat me" signal has recently been claimed to be expressed on all tumor cells. This doesn't seem to corroborate with other cell-biology experiments. On what other cells is CD47 expressed?
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2 Answers 2
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I don't know how extensive. Let's run a simple data query and find out: Go to GEO at NCBI. In the "Gene profiles" window, type CD47, and hit enter to launch the query. At the top of the resulting page, use the link labeled "Limits" to restrict the 7000+ results to human by entering the term "human" in the "DataSet organism" window. So, there are 3700+ results. Look through them to get an idea of which cell types and under which conditions CD47 is expressed.
Let's try a second method. Go to the BioGPS portal. Enter CD47 in the appropriate window and run the query. From the results, select the row with ID # 961 as this represents the human gene CD47. The resulting gene expression/activity chart for Hs (human) will show you in more general terms where CD47 is expressed.
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I can't give a comprehensive answer to this, but the CD proteins are found on white blood cells of various types. If you think about it its impossible that a surface protein could be only observed on cancer cells as cancer is a cell line which is a reproductive dead end. You can see on the geneatlas box on the lower right side of the page - its gene is expressed, at least to a small amount, on nearly every major tissue type.
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Using PHP's autoload mechanism, Qbix can locate files where classes are defined, and load them when you first invoke them in your code. For a class named Foo_Bar_Baz it will try to load the classes/Foo/Bar/Baz.php file. This convention is similar to PEAR and the Zend Framework. In fact, you can take classes from both of those and simply drop them into the classes folder, and Qbix will autoload them when you need. This is one way that Qbix lets you use lots of cool classes from other libraries and frameworks without reinventing the wheel.
Generating Models
We have spent a lot of time talking about views and controllers in other articles in the guide. In this one, we will focus on the M part of MVC - the models. Whereas the C part is usually implemented using handlers, the M part is implemented using classes.
In Qbix, a model is a class that represents a persistent object, such as a database row (or table), or contains functionality to manipulate these objects. You can actually generate models automatically from existing tables after you have set up a database connection in the app's config, simply by running the script APP_DIR/scripts/Q/models.php
Yes, it's as simple as that. You can see the files generated for the models in the classes folder. One of them is named after the database connection, and has methods like Something::db(). The others are prefixed with Something_, and represent the tables in the database.
Once the files for the models are generated, you can edit them. Don't edit the ones inside the classes/Base/ folder, since your changes will be overwritten the next time you decide to re-generate the schema. However, you are free to edit the non-base model classes, and you can implement any methods you wish in your models by adding them to these classes.
The Db_Row class
Qbix comes with a built-in Db_Row class, which contains common functionality that models have. In fact, the models that Qbix autogenerates for you all extend this class. Out of the box, Db_Row is a full ORM (object-relational mapper) that implements the ActiveRecord pattern. In addition to PDO methods like fetchAll, you can fetch and fill Db_Row objects, like so:
$rows = YouMixer_Mix::select('*')
Although you can create instances of Db_Row directly, you are not expected to do that. Instead, Db_Row is meant to be extended by a class implementing a model. For example, an autogenerated model class like Users_User would extend Base_Users_User, which in turn extends Db_Row, thereby inheriting all of its methods. Here are some examples of how you canuse them:
// Inserting new rows:
$user = new Users_User();
$user->username = "SomeoneCool";
$user->save(); // insert into db
$user_id = $user->id; // id was autogenerated
// Retrieving rows:
$user = new User_User();
$user->username = 'Gregory';
$user = $user->retrieve();
// SELECT * FROM myDatabase.myPrefix_user
// WHERE username = "Gregory"
if (!$user) {
 throw new Exception("No such user");
// the user row has been retrieved
echo $user->username;
// Retrieving a bunch of rows:
$rows = Users_User::select('*')
 ->where('id = 4')
// SELECT * FROM myDatabase.myPrefix_user
// WHERE id = 4
// Updating rows one at a time
// For mass updates, skip the ORM and
// use Users_User::update() instead.
$stream = new Streams_Stream();
$stream->publisher = 'a28c9z82';
$stream->name = 'Streams/user/firstName';
$r = $user->retrieve();
$user->content = 'Gregory';
// issues an INSERT or UPDATE query,
// depending on $r
// Deleting rows
$user = new Users_User();
$user->id = 4;
// Often, you would have this sort of pattern:
$user = new Users_User();
$user->id = '19c8f7';
if (!$user->retrieve()) {
 $user->save(); // insert it, if not there
$user_id = $user->id; // either way, it's set
// You can do it in a more atomic way:
$user = new Users_User();
$user->id = '19c8f7';
// On MySQL, it uses a special clause
Every Db_Row object also includes a Q_Tree, which means it supports the following methods, used to associate additional app data with the row, without saving it to the database:
$fields = $row->getAll();
$foo = $row->get('foo', 'bar', $default);
$row->set('foo', 'bar', $value);
$row->clear('foo', 'bar')
Besides this, Db_Row has a lot more functionality, which you can discover in the class reference.
Exporting Data to the Client
Often, when generating a page with PHP, you may want to output some data from Db_Row objects to the client JS environment. Here is how you would typically do that:
 Db::exportArray($rows, $options)
Each Model class can override the exportArray($options) method to return an array that is safe to send to the client.
What is Autogenerated
When you autogenerate models from a particular database, Qbix creates classes named something like Base_ConnName_TableName. These classes already do a lot of things for you, including
 - Information — The model overrides the setUp method of Db_Row and specifies the names of the table and database connection, as well as the fields of the primary key for the table. This information is used by Db_Row when it generates queries to execute.
 - Validation — Before a value is assigned to a specific field, the model checks that it fits the type of the field (column) as it is described in the schema.
 - Enumeration — You can get a list of all the field names by calling ::fieldNames().
 - Magic fields — If your table contains fields called "insertedTime" and "updatedTime" (of type datetime), they are filled with the right value when you call $row->save().
 - Helper methods — When you call methods such as Users_User::select(), Users_User::update() and so on, a query is returned that automatically fills in your database and table name, so you can just add some clauses (such as ->where(...)) and execute it. In addition, the Db_Query will know what kind of classes to return when you call ->fetchDbRows(). To illustrate:
 $users = Users_User::select('*')
 'name LIKE'=> $pattern
 // Now, $users is an array of
 // zero or more Users_User objects.
One of the things you will want to add to your models is the relationships between your tables. You can, of course, write your own methods, such as $user->getArticles(). However, you can also tell Qbix's database library about these relationships, and have it generate the code for you.
The place to set this up is your model's setUp() method, where you can fill in your own code. Here, you would use the $this->hasOne(...) $this->hasMany(...) methods to tell Qbix about the relationships between your models. Below is an example:
class Items_Article extends Base_Items_Article
 function setUp()
 $this->hasOne('author', array(
 'a' => 'Items_Article',
 'u' => 'Users_User'
 // returns Users_User objects
 ), array('a.byUserId' => 'u.id'));
 $this->hasMany('tags', array(
 'a' => 'Items_Article',
 't' => 'Items_Tag'
 // returns Items_Tag objects
 ), array('a.itemId' => 't.itemId'));
 'a' => 'Items_Article',
 'u' => 'Users_User',
 'tv' => 'Items_TagVote',
 // returns Items_TagVote objects
 array('a.itemId' => 'tv.itemId'),
 array('u.id' => 'tv.byUserId')
You can then retrieve related objects by doing things like:
$article->get_tagVotes('*', array(
 'u' => $user // get votes placed by user
$article->get_author('u.firstName, u.lastName');
As we saw in the database article, Qbix does caching at the level of query execution by default (i.e. same sql only hits the database once). However, Qbix also encourages is caching at the level of models. To help you do this, each Db_Row object supports the methods get, set and clear, to let you set arbitrary data on the rows, which is used only in the script and isn't saved back to the database:
// get related tags
$tags = $art->get_tags();
// save the result in the cache
$art->set('tags', $tags);
// sometime later:
// check the cache -- if not there,
// then retrieve tags
$tags = $art->get('tags', $art->get_tags());


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characteristics can be further broke down into: insulator ageing under ultra-violet rays and dry arcing, type of contamination, radiointerference voltage, washing requirements, corrosive environments and temperature range.
21) What are the major information obtained from a distribution system SCADA?Show ablock diagram of the major components of a SCADA (system supervisory control & dataacquisition). Sketch a diagram to show a typical automated distribution system with powerand communication lines.
The major information obtained from a SCADA in a power distribution system are: indications(eg. state change like opening or closing of circuit breakers, load break switches, reclosures,disconnects, operation of a relay or fault indicators) of events or alarms, levels (eg. oil level, tapchanger position, reading from pressure gauges), pulses (eg. energy meter counters),measurands (eg. current, voltage, power reading, temperature of oil or windings, leakagecurrent).
22) What are the basic modules in a PLC (programmable logic controller) system? Sketcha front plate of 2 of the basic modules. Sketch a block diagram showing the interrelation of the major modules.
The basic modules of a PLC system are: the processor, the input/output (they can further beclassified into digital and analog), process control (proportional/integral/derivative), steppermotor, interface modules (they can be further classified into: local and remote, local and remotetransfer, network, network transfer, multimedia network interface, peripheral devices (theyinclude loader/monitor, process control stations, CRT programmers, hand held programmers,tape loader).


Copywriting is Interface Design
Every letter matters
Copywriting is interface design. Great interfaces are written. If you think every pixel, every icon, every typeface matters, then you also need to believe every letter matters. When you're writing your interface, always put yourself in the shoes of the person who's reading your interface. What do they need to know? How can you explain it succinctly and clearly?
Do you label a button Submit or Save or Update or New or Create? That's copywriting. Do you write three sentences or five? Do you explain with general examples or with details? Do you label content New or Updated or Recently Updated or Modified? Is it There are new messages: 5 or There are 5 new messages or is it 5 or five or messages or posts? All of this matters.
You need to speak the same language as your audience too. Just because you're writing a web app doesn't mean you can get away with technical jargon. Think about your customers and think about what those buttons and words mean to them. Don't use acronyms or words that most people don't understand. Don't use internal lingo. Don't sound like an engineer talking to another engineer. Keep it short and sweet. Say what you need to and no more.
Good writing is good design. It's a rare exception where words don't accompany design. Icons with names, form fields with examples, buttons with labels, step by step instructions in a process, a clear explanation of your refund policy. These are all interface design.