Why Do Women Like Tall Men?
We have all heard the universal adage of a lady seeking a man who is 'tall, dark and handsome,' and there seems there's more truth to the saying than meets the eye. Women tend to prefer taller men as their partners, but why?
Women like tall men for various reasons, such as adaptive evolutionary instincts, psychosocial preferences, and adaptive fear responses to external danger.
Cultural norms may also play a part where taller men are perceived to be more efficient leaders and given a higher social prominence than their shorter counterparts.
Our modern brains still bear the vestiges of our evolutionary past, which dictates in some measure what women find attractive in a male mate. Studies do support the notion of women's preference for taller men for several reasons discussed below.
Is There Scientific Evidence that Women Prefer Tall Men?
In an article in Personality and Individual Differences, called "Women want taller men more than men want shorter women," a team of experts conducted a scientific survey of women's preference for taller partners. The study showed that women are consistent in their height preferences, choosing partners much taller than themselves.
The survey found that women preferred men 21cm (8.26 inch) taller than themselves on average, while men were satisfied with only an 8cm (3.14 inch) difference between themselves and their female partners. This substantial difference in height selection is indicative of several factors that I will discuss below.
The Reasons Why Women Like Taller men
1. Biological Evolution
Our biological evolution determines much of what we instinctively find attractive in a mate. Sexual dimorphism is common in nature.
There is a substantial size difference between the sexes, such as spiders like the Golden Orb or Nephila senegalensis, where the female is substantially bigger than her mate. The female nephila may have a 30mmm abdomen in contrast to her diminutive suitor, who only reaches 5mm.
Did You Know?
In mammals, such as primates, the male tends to be larger and more muscular. For Example, the gorilla, chimpanzee, and orangutan males are not only larger and stronger but have more prominent canine teeth.
These physical characteristics ensured that the female primate had more chance of passing on her genetic material through the greater protection afforded by her larger mate.
Larger, more dominant males were also likely better food providers, and women and their young may have sough protection by attaching themselves to larger dominant partners. The reason why women prefer taller men may be seen as adaptive in evolutionary terms.
2. Women's Preference for Dominant Male Mates
In an article on Evolution and Human Behavior, a scientific survey found that women fearful of crime and tended to seek larger, more dominant, and aggressive mates. The inherent dangers of living with a potentially dangerous mate were seen as a 'trade-off' for the benefits of protection in a perceived environment of danger.
However, larger, more dominant males may prove to be more dangerous in terms of child-rearing and physical safety and are more likely to injure their partners through even low-level violence such as slapping or pushing.
3. Psychosocial Factors
Some experts suggest that women prefer taller men due to psychosocial factors. The act of looking up at somebody may translate to the unconscious brain to 'looking up' to their mate figuratively. A smaller, more diminutive stature in relation to their mates may make women feel protected by a more powerful person.
Studies show that taller men are favored somewhat in society and are seen as leaders. In fact, they tend to be elected to office more often than their shorter counterparts. This cultural bias towards the taller male may be yet another reason why women gravitate towards taller men.
Do Women Always Favor Taller Men?
Luckily for the shorter suitors out there, height is only one of the myriad of factors that play into a woman's choice of partner. If one looks around, there are not many couples showing the 21cm differences women are supposedly hardwired to find the perfect height difference.
In Fact
Our World in Data cites the mean height difference between men and women to be only 4 ½ inches or 12 cm throughout the globe.
Tall men tend to favor taller women, on the other hand, not as tall as they are., but taller than average. Studies suggest that taller men prefer women only 3 inches shorter on average in what biologists define as an assortative mating tendency.
Assortative mating is a form of sexual selection in which individuals with similar phenotypes mate more frequently with each other. Body size is one of these phenotype preferences in mates that may also ameliorate the incidence of taller men selecting women substantially shorter than themselves.
Are Women Defined By Their Instincts to Choose Taller Men?
Females are attracted to the masculinity and dominance evoked by taller men and the stereotypically masculine features indicating high testosterone. However, one should strive to separate this instinctual evolutionary impetus from the cultural norms that reinforce them.
In a culture where we may criticize the gender norms that reinforce the desirability of dominant males, we may go a long way in changing them. Although we might be slaves to our biological imperatives to a certain degree, we are also free-thinking individuals with insight into our deeper evolutionary instincts.
Simply being tall is not a deciding factor in women's mate preferences any more than large breasts are a deciding factor in a man's choice of a woman.
Although these features may inspire superficial attraction, there are a variety of characteristics such as charisma, intelligence, kindness, and confidence that determine a suitable choice of partner.
Although women's attraction to men who are taller than them may have some deeper biological and evolutionary imperative, they are by no means a deciding factor in choosing a suitable mate. Women can and do choose mates in various heights and form successful partnerships despite pairing with men the same height or shorter than themselves.
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text: Drawing on the middle chapters from the first edition of J. Barkley Rosser's seminal work, From Catastrophe to Chaos, this book presents an unusual perspective on economics and economic analysis. Current economic theory largely depends upon assuming that the world is fundamentally continuous. However, an increasing amount of economic research has been done using approaches that allow for discontinuities such as catastrophe theory, chaos theory, synergetics, and fractal geometry. The spread of such approaches across a variety of disciplines of thought has constituted a virtual intellectual revolution in recent years. This book reviews the applications of these approaches in various subdisciplines of economics and draws upon past economic thinkers to develop an integrated view of economics as a whole from the perspective of inherent discontinuity.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Automated Soil Moisture Monitoring using Wireless Sensor Networks
In order to maximize the use of water for agricultural crops, an automated soil moisture monitoring system was created. A wirelessly dispersed network of soil-moisture and temperature sensors is employed in the system to monitor conditions in the root zone of the plants. In addition to these functions, a gateway device can manage the data collected by sensors, trigger actuators, and transmit data to a web application. A microcontroller-based gateway was built with an algorithm that was based on temperature and soil moisture threshold values for the purpose of managing the amount of water that was available. The electricity for the system came from photovoltaic panels, and it had a bidirectional communication connection that was built on an interface between cellular technology and the internet. This gave customers the ability to plan watering and analyse data via a web page. When compared to the conventional irrigation methods that are utilised in the agricultural zone, the automated system's test run on a field of sage crops resulted in water savings of up to 90 percent. The test lasted for 120 days. Since its implementation 18 months ago, the automated technology has been utilised effectively in all three of its designated places. Due to the low cost and energy independence of the gadget, it has the potential to be useful in places that have limited access to water and are located in remote areas.


text:
The IHS Division of Oral Health is an ADA CERP Recognized Provider
This course is not subject to the lottery. It is offered as an in-service only. This two-hour presentation is intended to provide the very latest information on the prevention and management of dental caries and periodontal diseases. Both clinical and community-based interventions will be presented and the learning group will discuss the implementation of these interventions in their local communities. Furthermore, the presentation will review dental program GPRA objectives, ECC, the effects of pop on children's health, and effective health education strategies.
It is the policy of the Indian Health Service [IHS], Division of Oral Health [DOH], that faculty/presenters disclose any significant financial or other relationships with commercial companies whose products may be discussed in the activity. The IHS, DOH also requires faculty disclose any unlabeled or investigational use [not yet approved for any purpose] of pharmaceutical products and medical devices.
This course has been planned and implemented in accordance with the ADA CERP Recognition Standards and Procedures. None of the faculty/presenters for this activity has a conflict of interest, and there is no use of unlabeled or investigational pharmaceutical products or medical devices. The educational objectives, content and selection of educational methods and instructors are conducted independent of any commercial entity.
Concerns or complaints about this course may be directed to _EMAIL_ or to ADA CERP at _URL_
Upon completion of this course, participants will be able to:
1. List at least three modes of delivering fluoride. 2. Describe at least one strategy to recruit school-age children to the dental clinic for sealants. 3. Describe at least one strategy to recruit more infants and toddlers to the dental program for screening and fluoride. 4. List at least two strategies to improve the effectiveness of health education.
It is the policy of the Indian Health Service, Division of Oral
Health, that faculty/planners disclose any financial or other relationships with commercial companies whose products may be discussed in the educational activity.
The Indian Health Service, Division of Oral Health, also requires that faculty disclose any unlabeled or investigative use of pharmaceutical products and medical devices.
Images that have been falsified or manipulated to misrepresent treatment outcomes are prohibited.
None of the faculty/planners for this activity has a conflict of interest, and there is no use of unlabeled or investigative pharmaceutical products or medical devices.
No images have been falsified or manipulated to misrepresent treatment outcomes.The educational objectives, content, and selection of educational methods and instructors are conducted
independent of any commercial entity.
Concerns or complaints about this course may be directed to Mary Beth Kinney or to ADA CERP (_URL_
Tuition Payment Information:
Tuition must be paid in full 8 weeks prior to the start date of any course. Request for refunds must be received in writing at
least two weeks before the course begins. For each refund request, there will be an administrative charge of $100. No refunds will be made to registrants who fail to attend a course.
If IHS CDE program cancels a course, then 100% of the tuition will be refunded.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Edit Article
wikiHow to Overtake in Karting
Four Parts:Being as smooth as possibleOut-braking your opponentMastering a set of cornersStaying focusedCommunity Q&A
Overtaking in karting is as essential as having the best lap times. Karting is a form of motorsport that can mold you into a better driver and an even better racer.
Part 1
Being as smooth as possible
 1. 1
 Focus on being smooth. This is one point that a lot of racers neglect. Being an aggressive driver may help you gain a few places but will eventually force you to make a mistake and you may lose all the places you took.
 2. 2
 Make your overtake as clean as possible. If you feel that you are overtaking your opponent before entering the corner but are unable to carry out the overtaking move through the exit of the corner then you are probably doing it wrong.
 - This could be because you are either unable to manage a faster exit speed through the corner or you are too aggressive on the steering and the brakes which in turn make you slower through the corner, which helps your opponent to keep pace with you.
 3. 3
 Don't always go for a gap. There could be a possibility that you may have the inside line for a corner but the very next corner could be in the opposite direction and may give your opponent the inside line making your overtaking move useless!
Part 2
Out-braking your opponent
 1. 1
 Be prepared to put in plenty of practice. This method of overtaking does not come easily. It takes practice and a lot of patience.
 2. 2
 Identify a part on the track that helps you find your usual braking point. This is the point that you always brake at before turning into a corner.
 3. 3
 Try braking a little later than your braking point to see how it affects your exit speed. If you exit too slowly because your kart loses a lot of traction, you might want to experiment more with your braking points.
 4. 4
 Observe whether the driver ahead of you brakes at the same time that you do. Note whether that driver brakes a lot earlier than you. You can use this knowledge to your advantage and try to steer away from the racing line brake later than the other driver. This allows you to not only overtake the driver but also to make a comfortable exit through the corner, as you are now able to out brake your opponents.
Part 3
Mastering a set of corners
 1. 1
 Use corners you're familiar with. This is the time you start finding a particular corner or a set of corners that you can take flat-out or in which you save a lot of time while doing timed heats.
 2. 2
 While you have these turns figured out, think about whether the ideal way of overtaking on this corner would be to go on the inside of the opponent or go on the outside of the opponent.
 3. 3
 Think about a few corners in advance. For example: If you are approaching a hard braking corner after a long straight and you believe that you can overtake the driver then think about the next set of corners. This would help you to analyse how you would have to tackle the next set of corners in order to maintain your position.
 4. 4
 Note the opponent's moves. You have to be very attentive about how the opponent takes these corners. Notice whether the driver is struggling or is fairly good through these set of corners. Use the opponent's line through the corner and quickly work out your ideal line to overtake the opponent.
 5. 5
 Don't panic if you are not able to overtake your opponent the first time. You know your strong corners and your opponent will now try to be defensive of his or her space, trying not leave any for you to overtake. Use this behavior to your advantage and push the opponent to make a mistake through a corner; that will be your key to overtaking him or her.
Part 4
Staying focused
 1. 1
 Practice frequently. Karting is an expensive sport, so use your time on the track wisely. When karting, think and experiment with your line, so as to be well prepared when you actually have to use all of your practice to overtake your opponents.
 2. 2
 Stay confident and reduce your fear. In a high paced sport like karting, never let fear get the best of you. If you do, the other driver behind you will not hesitate to drive you off the track!
 3. 3
 Look where you want your kart to go. If you have a gap that you can fit through and overtake, stare into the gap because that's where you want to go.
 - If you stare at the kart in front if you and keep thinking that you will crash, you are bound to crash then!
Community Q&A
Ask a Question
200 characters left
 - Do not be scared.
 - Think quickly and execute it safely.
 - Be smooth, being too aggressive will only slow you down.
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text:
Not everyone bleeds their first time. The hymen doesn't cover the opening of the vagina. It's not something you have to "break" to have sex. It is more like a stretchy ring of skin around the vaginal opening. Hymens sometimes bleed the first time, because they are tighter/tougher. But some people's hymens' are naturally stretchy or just out of the way. Sex can loosen or tear a tighter hymen, but everyday life, and friction from clothes, menstruation, or just biology can wear away a hymen as well. And sometimes a hymen doesn't stay loose, and if you have sex, and then wait a long time till you have sex again, you might bleed again. In other words, "bleeding" doesn't prove your virginity.
There is no medical definition of virginity. It's all just culture. It changes through history. There is no real test to prove your virginity. Many modern women define their virginity differently. There are many types of sexual activity. Some people count all experiences as "sex," some believe they can do everything but penis-to-vagina sex and still be virgins, and some still consider themselves virgins until they have sex with someone they really care about. It's up to you.
Men aren't forced to prove their virginity. They aren't subject to the same pressures as we are. It's just not fair. They can do scandalous things just as easily (if not easier) as we can.
No body has to live in your body, but you. duh.


text:
September 2012. The first evidence of lions in montane rain and cloud forest has been documented by NABU – The German Nature and Biodiversity Conservation Union. Up to now, the African lion, which is classified as vulnerable by the IUCN had only been documented and photographed outside of rainforests.
The discovery in the Kafa Biosphere Reserve in Southwest Ethiopia took place as part of NABU's wider conservation work in Ethiopia. NABU's images show a lioness in an area of dense montane rain and cloud forests.
"We are delighted with this news and look forward to studying these exceptional animals in their unusual habitat," says NABU's Vice-President Thomas Tennhardt. "To manage potential conflict with local communities, NABU will set up a dedicated conservation fund."
Lions prefer open woodlands, and thick bush, scrub and grass land areas, which offer sufficient cover for hunting. Until now, scientists have never recorded the species in rain forest habitats. However, local people have long known about the lions in the Kafa Biosphere Reserve.
Wildlife photographer Bruno D'Amicis travelled to Ethiopia on NABU's behalf in early 2012 in an attempt to document their presence. NABU believes that this is the first time lions have ever been photographed in montane rain and cloud forest habitat.
|Lions prefer open woodlands, and thick bush,
scrub and grass land areas, which offer sufficient
cover for hunting. Until now, scientists have never
recorded the species in rain forest habitats.
However, local people have long known about the
lions in the Kafa Biosphere Reserve.
Photo credit Bruno D'Amicis/NABU
Ethiopia's Kafa Biosphere Reserve is characterised by its impressive afromontane moist rain and cloud forests, which are considered to be the place of origin of Arabica coffee. Apart from wild coffee, it is also home to many rare animal and plant species. Southern Ethiopia is regarded as an important migratory route for lions; it is therefore assumed that the animals are passing through the area during the dry season.
85% Africa's lions have disappeared
African lions have lost more than 85 percent of their historic range. Recent surveys indicate that across the continent there are now just 39,000 lions left, of which up to 1,500 live in Ethiopia. Both their numbers and range have declined significantly in recent decades in Africa. Habitat loss and fragmentation due to human population growth and the reduction of prey animals, direct persecution and hunting are the primary reasons for their demise.
In line with the Regional Conservation Strategy for the Lion in Eastern and Southern Africa, the Ethiopia Wildlife Conservation Authority recently adopted a National Action Plan for lions in Ethiopia to secure and restore lion populations in the country.
NABU has worked towards the preservation of the wild coffee forests in Kafa since 2006 and supported the Ethiopian government in setting up the Kafa Biosphere Reserve. NABU has been supporting the reserve in terms of developing an effective management regime and through public awareness work since 2009. NABU is also implementing a large scale forest and climate protection project in the area within the framework of the International Climate Initiative of the German Federal Environment Ministry.
NABU is Germany's oldest and largest conservation organization.
Website : _URL_


text:
Formation of a Reconnection Site
A numerical simulation based on a global MagnetoHydroDynamic (MHD) model was run to reproduce the 8 May 2004 event. This image shows the topology of the magnetic field produced by the global MHD model around 10:00 UT, viewed from the direction of the Sun. Earth is represented by the blue sphere, the location of the Double Star TC-1 spacecraft is indicated, the magnetic field lines are colour-coded: red=unconnected, yellow=open, blue=closed.
The model reveals the formation of a reconnection site extending about 7 to 10 Magnetic Local Time (MLT), in agreement with the data collected by both Double Star TC-1 and Cluster.


text:
According to the fantastic ClickGreen website, Scientists have discovered roof-top solar panels are not just providing clean power but are also keeping houses cool in the summer and warm in the winter.
In a study in an upcoming issue of the journal Solar Energy, a team of researchers led by Jan Kleissl, a professor of environmental engineering at the UC San Diego Jacobs School of Engineering are to publish what they believe are the first peer-reviewed measurements of the cooling benefits provided by solar photovoltaic panels.
Using thermal imaging, researchers determined that during the day, a building's ceiling was 5 degrees Fahrenheit cooler under solar panels than under an exposed roof. At night, the panels help hold heat in, reducing heating costs in the winter.
It's a dream of mine to one day have a house powered by solar panels, but at present the cost is prohibitive for me, so it will have to wait. The news that they are improving insulation, however small, is a great bonus and just encourages me to save up the pennies even quicker!
For the full article, visit ClickGreen at: _URL_


[Numpy-discussion] Accessing a C library from numarray
Bruce Southey southey at uiuc.edu
Fri Aug 20 07:52:09 CDT 2004
I need to access a GLP'ed C library in numarray. The library functions are
scalar ints and doubles as inputs and usually doubles as outputs.
Is there a recommended (and simple) way to achieve this? There are a few
different C API's that exist from the Python to numarrays.
Would it be sufficient to first write C code that uses the library and use that
code for a C API in Python or numarray?
Bruce Southey
More information about the Numpy-discussion mailing list


text:
Issue No. 03 - March (2007 vol. 56)
DOI Bookmark: _URL_
T. Aaron Gulliver, IEEE
Majid Khabbazian, IEEE
Vijay K. Bhargava, IEEE
This paper presents two main results relating to elliptic curve cryptography. First, a double point compression scheme is proposed which allows a compact representation of elliptic curve points without the computational cost associated with ordinary single point compression. A triple point compression scheme is also proposed which can result in more savings in memory and/or bandwidth. Second, a new approach to speeding up random point multiplication is given for the case where the base point is variable but available in a certificate. In this approach, some redundant information (a few multiples of the base point) is added to the certificate. It is shown that a significant speed up can be obtained by optimizing the Möller's algorithm for the case where only a portion of the lookup table is available. It is also shown how to use redundant information to compute random point multiplication using parallel processors. The proposed point compression schemes can be employed to reduce the required bandwidth when single point compression is computationally expensive.
Cryptography, elliptic curves, point multiplication, point compression, fast computation, parallel processing.
T. Aaron Gulliver, Majid Khabbazian, Vijay K. Bhargava, "Double Point Compression with Applications to Speeding Up Random Point Multiplication", IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol. 56, no., pp. 305-313, March 2007, doi:10.1109/TC.2007.47


text: The previously developed two center shell model for symmetric fission has been extended to break-ups into unequal fragments. The potentials of the separate fragments have equal depth. The rounded barrier between them can have varying height. The two fragments can also have different deformations. Generalized l · s- and l 2-terms are included. This allows for the description of a great variety of nuclear shapes. The mathematical details are presented together with the analytically solvable matrix elements. For a few asymmetric fission processes the level spectra have been calculated.


text:
Framing techniques play a crucial role in elevating the visual impact of a photograph.
As a powerful compositional tool, framing helps draw the viewer's attention to the subject, create a sense of depth, and enhance the overall aesthetics of an image.
By learning and applying various framing methods, photographers can elevate their work and create captivating images that resonate with their audience.
In this Pro Guide on Framing Techniques in Photography, we aim to provide insights into the most effective ways to frame your shots.
From using negative space to natural frames, we will discuss the principles behind each technique and practical tips that enable you to apply them in your photography journey.
Understanding Framing in Photography
Composition and Framing
Framing in photography is a technique that helps guide the viewer's attention to the main subject of the photo.
By using elements in the scene, you can create a frame around your subject, making the image more visually engaging and giving it an artistic feel. Here are some tips for incorporating framing in your composition:
- Look for natural frames within your environment, such as trees, bushes, stones, or mountains.
- Pay attention to foreground and background elements that can be used as frames.
- Experiment with different shapes and sizes of frames to create visual interest.
Identifying the Subject
A key aspect of framing in photography is identifying your subject and ensuring that the frame emphasizes it. To do this effectively:
- Determine the focal point of your image – what you want the viewer to focus on.
- Use leading lines, patterns, or shapes to draw the viewer's eye to your subject.
- Ensure that the frame does not distract from the subject but complements it instead.
Creating a Sense of Depth
Creating a sense of depth in your photographs is essential in making them look more natural and dynamic.
Framing can contribute to this by adding layers and dimension to your images. Here are some suggestions for achieving depth:
- Use elements in the foreground, mid-ground, and background to create a sense of depth and layering.
- Play with lighting and shadows to add depth and texture to the frame.
- Utilize lines and patterns within your frame to guide the viewer through the image.
Natural Framing Techniques
In photography, natural framing is a technique that uses elements within the scene to draw attention to the subject and enhance the composition.
Let's explore three sub-categories: window framing, tree branch framing, and architectural features.
Window framing is a popular natural framing technique that utilizes windows as frames to create a well-balanced photograph.
This technique is particularly effective in highlighting the subject and directing the viewer's focus. Consider the following tips when using window framing:
- Choose windows with interesting designs, patterns, or colors
- Capture contrast or reflections to add depth to the composition
- Use backlighting or sidelighting to create interesting shadows
- Experiment with angles to achieve a unique perspective
Tree Branch Framing
Using tree branches as a natural frame is another effective way to enhance your photography composition.
By positioning your subject between branches or foliage, you create a visually pleasing and harmonious image. Here are some tips for using tree branch framing:
- Find trees or branches with distinct shapes and forms
Use depth of field to draw attention to your subject
- Utilize a wide aperture to create a shallow depth of field
- Maintain a narrow aperture to portray the subject within the context of its surroundings
- Look out for seasonal changes in foliage to alter the mood or atmosphere of your shot
- Pay attention to lighting and shadows, as they can dramatically affect the visual impact of your shot
Incorporating architectural elements provides another option for natural framing in photography.
Buildings, archways, doorways, and other structures can be excellent frames for your subject.
To effectively use architectural features as natural frames, keep these tips in mind:
- Explore unique and visually striking structures or patterns
- Create a sense of depth by employing leading lines or perspective
- Experiment with angles and positions to capture the interplay between light and shadow
- Consider using black and white or color filters for added emphasis
- Balance your composition by aligning your subject with the architectural feature
Composition Elements for Framing
Rule of Thirds
The Rule of Thirds is a fundamental principle in photography composition that can greatly improve the visual appeal of your framing.
Imagine dividing your frame into a 3×3 grid, creating nine equally sized rectangles.
Positioning your subject along these lines or at the intersections increases the balance and interest in the photograph.
- Align a person's eyes with the top grid line.
- Position a horizon line along the bottom or top grid line.
- Place points of interest at the four intersections.
Negative space is the area surrounding your subject that's left empty or uncomplicated.
It helps to draw attention to the main subject and creates balance.
To effectively use negative space in framing, look for clean and uncluttered backgrounds or open areas.
- Use a clear sky as the background for a person's silhouette.
- Place your subject against an unadorned, uniform-colored wall.
- Capture a lone tree in the middle of an open field.
Incorporating foreground elements in your framing adds depth and dimension to your photographs.
It also helps to create a visual frame around the subject or to lead the viewer's eye toward it.
Be creative while using foreground elements, such as natural or architectural features.
- Frame a person between two trees or pillars.
- Use a window or doorway to frame a subject.
- Compose a street scene with a person positioned between parked cars.
Balance in photography composition is achieved by positioning elements within the frame in a way that is visually harmonious.
A well-balanced image has even distribution of visual weight, creating a sense of stability and order.
- Arrange objects of similar size on opposite sides of the frame.
- If your subject is off-center, use empty space or lighter elements to balance.
- For symmetrical balance, place the main subject in the center of the frame.
Using contrast in your framing helps to make the main subject stand out against its surroundings.
It can be achieved through various methods, such as light and shadow, complementary colors, or contrasting elements in the scene.
- Capture a brightly lit subject against a dark background.
- Use colorful, complementary backgrounds for monochromatic subjects.
- Pair contrasting patterns, such as a geometric structure against a natural landscape.
Using Light and Shadows
Creating Depth with Light
Light and shadows play a crucial role in creating depth and dimension in your photographs.
Using light effectively allows you to highlight the main subject, which in turn draws the viewer's attention.
This can be achieved through the following techniques:
- Directional lighting: When light comes from a particular direction, it creates shadows that give a sense of depth to the scene.
- Soft lighting: Diffused, soft lighting helps to evenly illuminate the scene and reduce harsh shadows, which can create a sense of depth.
- Backlighting: This technique involves positioning the light source behind the subject. This creates a rim light effect and separates the subject from the background, providing depth.
Using Shadows for Balance
Shadows not only create depth but also help to balance your composition.
To use shadows effectively for balance, consider the following tips:
- Contrast: Use shadows to create a sense of contrast between different parts of the image. This can enhance the visual interest and draw attention to specific elements within the frame.
- Silhouettes: Creating a silhouette can add visual balance and a sense of simplicity to your image. Position your subject against a bright background, and expose for the background, causing the subject to appear darker.
- Natural framing: Utilize shadows as a natural framing element for your subject, adding emphasis and directing the viewer's eye towards the main focal point.
Patterns and Textures
Incorporating patterns and textures can elevate the visual appeal of your images, and light and shadows play a crucial role in achieving this.
Here are some ideas:
- Shadow patterns: Look for interesting shadow patterns created by objects or natural elements, such as leaves or fences, that can add dimension and help guide your composition.
- Texture with light: When you have a textured surface (e.g., wood, brick, or fabric), direct light at an angle to emphasize the texture and create shadows that showcase its depth.
- Reflections: Depict the interplay between light and shadows using reflections, like on water or glass surfaces, which can create unique and eye-catching effects in your photographs.
Incorporating Props and People
Geometric Shapes and Patterns
Incorporating geometric shapes and patterns in your photography can add visual interest and balance to your images.
Props such as shapes, patterns, and textures can create unique elements within the photo, resulting in a more dynamic and appealing composition.
- Place a circular prop, like a hoop, around your subject to draw attention to them
- Use a grid-like pattern on the background to create a sense of order and structure
- Arrange your subjects or props in a triangular formation, which is known as the rule of thirds
Using Mirrors for Reflections
Mirrors can be a creative and versatile prop in photography, allowing you to manipulate the viewer's perspective and create illusions.
Here are some ideas to use mirrors for reflections:
- Place a mirror at an angle to show the reflection of the subject or scene, creating a surreal feel in the image
- Use a handheld mirror to capture close-up reflections of your subject's face, adding depth and intrigue to the portrait
- Experiment with multiple mirrors of varying sizes and shapes to create a fragmented or kaleidoscopic effect
Including People in the Frame
Incorporating people into your photography can bring life and emotion to your images, whether they are the main focus or a complementary element in the scene.
Follow these tips to include people in the frame effectively:
- Use people as a scale reference when capturing a massive


text:
They find a new job. They are lured to a competitor. They are fired. They retire. They get hit by a bus … or they win the lottery. For whatever reason, people leave your company, and with them goes all their institutional knowledge.
Smart companies create a backup plan to retain and share that knowledge. After all, most companies have backup protocols for their computer systems, power systems, or other critical components, so why not people and the critical business and customer knowledge they have?
Use CRM software
There are many ways of capturing institutional knowledge and keeping it safe. Many companies use salesforce.com or other CRM platforms. Systems like these can be used to capture all kinds of information about customers, their preferences, notes on what interests them about your products, training they've taken or events they've attended. The more robustly your teams fill out this information, the stronger your marketing efforts to customers can be. And when entered into a database, that knowledge stays with the company.
Many organizations struggle with getting sales teams to actually enter this information on a regular basis. "I know this, so why should I put it in a system." But in this age where knowledge is power, and sharing is king, secluding information helps very few people and can do more harm than good to the enterprise.
Build audience personas
Another way to gather institutional knowledge is through the creation of audience personas ― something we do as part of our content strategy efforts. A key component of developing valuable and useful personas is interviewing experts within a company. Manufacturing companies in particular benefit from many loyal and long-term employees with years of experience solving company challenges and coming up with customer solutions. Front-line sales team members are also valuable contacts to consult in developing a persona since they are out in the field closest to the product and its users. They hear the stories firsthand.
When interviewing these people, they often talk about their daily job and experiences and don't realize the marketing value of their experiences. We listen, ask questions, and capture that information to help develop personas, and ultimately find a secure home for that institutional knowledge.
Create shared documents
Even something as simple as creating a shared document to capture conversations, observations, and other factoids as you interact with people within your company can help build a repository of valuable information. This is probably the simplest and most informal way to capture that information.
But, you have to actually do something. Make capturing institutional knowledge a priority. Write it down. Keep it safe. Learn from it. And most importantly, use it to help drive your marketing efforts.
Because you never know when someone will hit that Powerball jackpot and not show up for work, taking all the great knowledge about your business, clients, and customers with them.


Scala tips
Scala Option and Some
The absence of a value during rurtime should be somehow handled otherwise the will be a runtime error. The absent value is a null value. If we have a value of type D that may be absent (for example in method, function, class constructor), Scala uses an instance (object) of the (abstract) classOption[D] as its container. The class Option has two sub classes Some and None. Therefore, an instance of Option is an instance of either Some or None. For a variable x of type Option[D], the factory (of Option[D]) creates Some(x) if x!= null or None if x == null.
The following are examples of situations to use Option:
1- Creating a type-Option val:
val optionalIntValue: Option[Int] = Some(1)
val optionalValue = Some("abc") // Scala infers the type
// or
// val optionalIntValue: Option[Int] = None // type is needed
2- When a function may or may not return a value; we want to give it the option to return a value or not:
def myFunc: Option[String] = {... }
3- When a parameter of a function can be present or absent, i.e being optional to be given:
def myFunc(param1: Option[D]):...
case class MyClass(param1: Option[D], param2: String)
Keeping in mind that Option is just a type as a container for a value that can be absent, there are several ways to use an Option-type variable. Examples:
1- The most general way is to use an Option with a match. We can define the output of a method as an Option and handle the output. For example, a function that reads user input. User may just press Enter/Cancel and input nothing.
def readUserInput(): Option[processedUserInputType] = {... }
readUserInput() match {
 case Some(outputOftheFunction) => // Do something with outputOftheFunction
 case None => // Do something when there is no output
This example is to show how to make a parameter of a function optional for the user. If not provided, it will be considered as a predefined value None.
def show(x: Option[String], y: Option[Int] = None) = {
 x match {
 case Some(s) => println(s)
 case None => println ("?")
 y match {
 case Some(number) => println( s"the number is ${number}")
 case None => println("no number")
val myInput1 = Some("hello bear")
show(myInput1) // hello bear no number
show(None) //? no number
show(None, y=Some(123)) //? the number is 123
2- Extracting the value of an Option using getOrElse method. A default value for the None case is mandatory.
val someValue1 = Some(123)
val someValue2 : Option[Int] = None
someValue1.getOrElse(100) // 123
someValue2.getOrElse(100) // 100
Scala Fundamentals (1)
1- Block expression
The intermediate results (vals/vars) in a block expression are local. Example:
val firstName = "Polar"
def name: String = {
 println("This is a block")
 val title = "Mr."
 val lastName = "Bear"
 title + " " + firstName + " " + lastName
firstName: String = Polar
name: String
This is a block
Mr. Polar Bear
Error:(9, 17) not found: value title
Block expression are useful for evaluating intermediate expressions and assigning the result to a val/var.
2- Objects and classes
Everything is a kind of object in Scala; even primitive types, Int, Boolean, are objects. Also the program code to be run is an object and is defined in the form/pattern of an object. All objects can have methods and fields (attributes). Methods of an objects give functionality to the object to do task or computation on data. Fields are for storing data. Every object belongs to a class that have only one instance.
A class is an abstract template for creating objects that have similar methods and fields. A class also defines/create a Type (of objects) and therefore objects of the same class have the same Type. A class is not a value (like functions and objects) and it lives in its own namespace. Scala has two namespace: namespace of values, and namespace of types. Classes live in the type namespace.
The functionality of an object (if it has one) can be called like a function. A function is a first class value whereas a method belongs to an object. For example:
object addNumbers{
 def addEm (a: Int, b: Int) = println(a + b)
// compare with
object addNumbers{
 def apply (a: Int, b: Int) = println(a + b)
Function-like application of any object is available by using the apply method.
An executable Scala program is an object with an entry point, i.e. the main method. An object can be made executable (or an executable Scala code) by either adding a main method, or making the object extends the type App:
object MyProgram{ // this is a singleton objec
 import... //import libraries
 // Array[String] are used for the command line arguments
 // body of the main program to do stuff
// or
object MyProgram extends App {
 // body of the main program to do stuff
1- Singleton object
Is an objects which is unique and we cannot create other values of this object. Singleton object belongs to a class that have only one instance. As it can be seen the type of a singleton object defined as bellow is itself. The term Box$_USER_ indicated the type @ a unique (reference) identifier of the object. All types of objects have unique identifiers.
object Box
res0: Box.type = Box$_USER_
2- Object (normal)
An object should belong to a predefined class. Example:
class Animal(val kind: String, val location: String) {
 def loc = println(kind + " lives in " + location)
val polarbear_1 = new Animal("Bear", "north pole")
// results
defined class Animal
polarbear_1: Animal = Animal@669cb6c7
Bear lives in north pole
res2: String = Bear
The class Animal creates a new type Animal that can be used like any other types. This is a type of an object.
3- Companion Objects
A companion object of a class is a singleton object with the same name as a class (and defined in the same file as the class's file). The class is also called the companion class of the object. These two live in different namespaces, i.e. value and type namespaces. It is then important to note that the companion object is not an instant of its companion class. One application is to have the (singleton) companion object manage and implement the constructors of an instant (object) of the companion class. In this case the companion object is an auxiliary tool. For example:
class Line(val point_1:Double, val point_2:Double){
 def printPoints = println(point_1,point_2)
val line_1 = new Line(0.0, 1.0) // Line is the name of the class
// Compare with
 def printPoints = println(point_1,point_2)
object Line{
 def apply(point_1:Double, point_2:Double): Line = new Line(point_1,point_2)
val line_1 = Line(0.0,1.0) // Line is the name of the object
4- Case classes
Case classes are useful shorthand for defining a class, its companion objects and several useful features at once. They are ideal for lightweight data-holding classes. Defining a case class is as of a class, however, with adding the literal case, and the val keyword for the constructors is optional. It also does not need a new keyword as there is a companion object with an apply method for the purpose of creating the case class. Example:
case class Animal (kind:String, location:String){
// instantiate a case class using its class
val polarbear_1 = new Animal("polar bear", "north pole")
// instantiate a case class using its companion object automatically built
val polarbear_2 = Animal("polar bear", "north pole")
Features of case classes
1- Sensible equal and hashCode methods acting on the field values of the objects rather than the reference identity. Example:
polarbear_1 == polarbear_2
// result
res2: Boolean = true // but two different values
polarbear_1.eq(polarbear_2) //eq method compares the reference ids
res2: Boolean = false
2- Copy method
val polarbear_3 = polarbear_1.copy() // it is a shallow copy
3- Pattern matching using case classes. Pattern match is an extended if.
To match against the constructor values. Example:
case class Animal (kind:String, location:String){
object inspectAnimal{
 def inspect(anAnimal: Animal): String =
 anAnimal match { // it reads: check if anAnimal matches a case and then output as insructed
 case Animal("bear", "north pole") => "this is a polar bear"
 case Animal("bear", "Banff") => "this is a Griz


text:
- Historic Sites
Cherokee Strip Museum
In the 19th Century the United States government resettled Native American tribes from all parts of the country into Indian Territory. During this removal process, part of the northern portion of what is now Oklahoma was given by treaty to the Cherokee Nation as a "perpetual outlet west..." Officially called the Cherokee Outlet, the region became known as the Cherokee Strip.


text:
Statistics are at the end of the page.
The Plant List includes 9 scientific plant names of species rank for the genus Thujopsis. Of these 1 are accepted species names.
The Plant List includes a further 5 scientific plant names of infraspecific rank for the genus Thujopsis. We do not intend The Plant List to be complete for names of infraspecific rank. These are primarily included because names of species rank are synonyms of accepted infraspecific names.
The status of the 9 species names for the genus Thujopsis recorded in The Plant List, are as follows:
The status of the 14 names (including infraspecific names) for the genus Thujopsis recorded in The Plant List, are as follows:
The confidence with which the status of the 9 species names recorded in The Plant List for the genus Thujopsis, are assigned as follows:
The source of the species name record found in The Plant List for the genus Thujopsis, are as follows:
|Source of record||Accepted||Synonym||Unplaced||Unassessed||Misapplied||Total|


Important information one should know before obtaining finance for purchasing a car?
Most car buyers use all their efforts to find out the most suitable car that can satisfy their aspirations and requirements. Finding a good car finance is also a crucial matter when one plans to buy a car. Understanding your budget and the amount you can arrange as car loan will help one to make his search for the car in the correct direction. Getting a bad finance can lead to financial mess and spoil your credit history. Often it is a habit of car buyers not to think about good car finance options until they step into the car dealer's office. When one ends up with dealer for finance options, most often it happens that dealers are not interested to give you any offers. In this article I am going to furnish everything one needs to know about car finance before one proceeds to car dealerships for purchasing cars.
Car loan explained
What is car loan: Car loan is an agreement between the financier and the buyer of the car. As per the agreement financer agrees to give a loan for purchasing a car for the buyer under the condition that the loan will be repaid in equal monthly installments as agreed upon mutually and the company will be charging a fixed percentage of the loan amount as interest.
Interest: Interest is the amount the lender gets for his money which is given as loan to the borrower. It is usually expressed as interest rate per annum. For the last many years auto loan interest has been very low and now it has started coming up. The amount of the loan, the period of repayment, the type of vehicle, your credit score etc can considerably affect the rate of interest of car loans. Longer loans are not supported by most lenders as risk factor increases as the period of loan extends. 60 months period of repayment is the most common period for car loans.
Loan repayment details
Principal: Balance of the loan amount to be repaid is considered as the principal. When a loan is initially given principal will be the total loan amount. As the payment proceeds the amount under principal will start decreasing. One portion of the installment paid will go to towards interest and the balance only will go towards the principal.
Down payment: Down payment is the amount the buyer of a car pays initially from his savings for buying the car. The price of the car minus the initial payment the buyer is paying will give the amount which the financier has to give as car loan for buying the car. For example if a car is priced $40,000 and the buyer has paid $10,000 initially the car finance needed will be $30,000 only.
Monthly payment: Every buyer of a car with car finance will have to pay back the loan amount in equal monthly installment. Every monthly installment will include two amounts. The first amount will be the interest till that date and the second amount will be the monthly installment towards the loan repayment. Finding the monthly loan repayment is a difficult process that includes some mathematical calculations. But each bank will be having their car payment calculator with which one can easily find out the emi by just putting some figures like loan amount, type of loan, period of repayment etc. into it.
Importance of credit score
Credit scores represent the person's credit details and acts as an easy tool to understand the credit worthiness of a person. These scores are based on credit information received from credit bureaus. These reports are used by money lending institutions to understand the potential risk factors involved while lending loan to its customers.
Why your credit-score matters?
There are many credit-reporting companies and each of them has some special method of reporting the credit worthiness. Most of these companies use scores ranging from 300 to 850. Different scores on different models are not directly comparable. It will be very easy for a person with high credit score to get car loans quickly than a person with a low credit score. Usually a person with steady income and good credit score will not find any difficulty in getting a car loan.


text:
Step 1: Select a setup location. Find a flat area where you want to set up your tripod. Even if the ground is uneven, try to select a spot that is as flat as possible. This will help stabilize your tripod.
Step 2: Use the J-hooks to secure the tripod into the ground.
Step 3: Check with a bubble level. Place a bubble level on a center pole. Check for level, from front to back and side to side. Adjust the legs if necessary.
Step 4: Test for stability by gently shaking the tripod. If it wobbles, adjust the legs until it feels stable.
Step 5: Once your tripod is stable, you can proceed to attach a center pole. Use the provided screw sets to secure it in place.


DemLabs blog
Ten tips to track tweets about voter suppression.
Analyzing tweets it is like drinking from a fire hydrant. New apps make it easier to analyze tweets to spot instances of voter suppression as they occur.
Twitter provides an external interface that makes such analysis possible. Facebook, WhatsApp and Instagram on the other hand, do not enable external analysis of their posts making them rife with misinformation.
DemLabs regularly undertakes pro bono projects related to voting rights and civil justice issues. This project monitors tweets for mentions of terms such as 'Voter Suppression', 'intimidation' and 'wait times' with the Nexalogy. This project has so far analyzed over half a million tweets from Sept 27 to Oct 4, 2020.
Expert tips for analyzing tweets and finding influencers
 1. Choose the right search terms. Use the words that will most likely be in the tweets and hashtags relevant to your needs.
 2. Refine your search. Focus your search by geography, timeframe and other parameters.
 3. Monitor what's trending? This will change on an hourly basis and often provides clues on how to change your search criteria.
 4. Top publishers. This provides a list of potential influencers on your search topic who might be contacted to help share your message.
 5. What tweets are getting shared the most? This changes continuously and provides insights to public sentiments. Watch out for the pesky bots who will share tweets from other bots and pretend to be human.
 6. Keywords being used. Analyzing the words tweeters use can help you improve your messaging with those words.
 7. Top hashtags. Track the hashtags being used in association with your search terms and incorporate them in your tweets.
 8. Top actors. Who are the people tweeting the most and how are the connected with other people tweeting about it.
 9. Watch for bots? These automated trolls can pump out thousands of tweets meant to hijack the conversation but do not represent authentic human interactions.
 10. Foreign interference? Track tweets likely from overseas and who is amplifying those messages domestically.
 11. Sentiment analysis. Software analyzes the words used in tweets to predict the sentiment of the person tweeting at that times.
Search Criteria: Define your search terms to cast a wide net. This project for instance, monitors tweets with the word 'VOTE' that also include other 'SUPPRESSION' or 'INTIMIDATION'. This let us find likely tweets which we then filtered with other criteria.
Refine your search: Focus searches by geography. This project for instance covers 21 cities where voter suppression is likely. Refine searches by time period, remove retweets and likely propaganda from groups such as the Russian Internet Research Agency (IRA).
What's trending? Track what is trending within your search parameters based on how retweets. Tweet your comments into these conversation threads while they are trending.
Top publishers. Who are the people that are tweeting the most in your area of interest. This could be someone tweeting about voter suppression in Dallas for instance. These tweeters could be added to your direct message (DM) list for help with re-tweeting your messages.
Most tweeted. Retweeting indicates the traction of a message. In this project it shows which incidents of voter suppression are of most concern in the area you are interested it. They may also possibly include photos, videos and people involved.
Keywords used. Tweets will often include one or more of your keywords. They are also likely to include other words that weren't in your initial search parameters. Refine your search parameters by adding widely used words.
Top hashtags. What hashtags are being used in context with your search parameters such as _TAG_. Use these hashtags when you tweet.
Top actors. Who are the top actors and how are they inter-connected? This dashboard indicates the connections between James O'Keefe, President Trump, Project Veritas, 'cwarrior17' that is connected to the GOP.
Watch for bots. Bots generate flood Twitter and drown out real voices. They can be spotted by their frequency and volume of tweets. Note the high volume of tweets about voter suppression by Project Veritas the day after the NY Times reported President Trump paid $750 in Federal taxes.
Foreign interference. Watch for tweets coming from overseas and being amplified by tweeters in America. Such tweets are often a source of disinformation.
Sentiment analysis. The words that people use in their tweets reveals a lot about their mood at that time. Track pubic sentiment about the issues that you are interested.
Take away: Track voter suppression as it happens real-time social media monitoring. Contact DemLabs for pro bono help with projects related to voting rights and social justice.
See Say 2020 uses Twitter analysis to find instances of voter suppression.
Input from this Twitter analysis is part of the See Say 2020 system which provides real time alerts about voter suppression and intimidation.
Image credit: Photo by Andres Siimon on Unsplash
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Take the 2-minute tour ×
 1. Given 2 polynomials $p(x)=\prod_{i=1}^{r}(x-r_i), q(x)=\prod_{j=1}^{s}(x-r'_j)$, what is the name of the operation that constructs $f\_TAG_(x) = \prod_{i=1}^{r}_{j=1}^{s} (x-r_i r'_j)$ from $p$ and $q$?
 2. Let's say $p, q \in \mathbb{Z}[x]$. Is there an algorithm for computing the monic polynomial in $\mathbb{Z}[x]$ of least degree such that it vanishes on the set $\{ r_i r'_j \}_{i,j}$? I know that $p\# q$ has integral coefficients (by symmetric polynomials arguments), but I have examples where some elements occur more than once in the multiset $\{r_i r'_j \}$, and I guess it may effect the degree of the polynomial I seek.
The case $p=q$ is of big interest to me.
Motivation: given 2 linear recurrence (with integer coefficients) sequences $\{ a_n\}, \{b_n \}$, their Hadamarad product $\{a_n b_n \}$ also satisfies a linear recurrence with integer coefficients. Specifically, if $a_n$ satisfies a linear recurrence with characteristic polynomial $p(x)$ and $b_n$ with $q(x)$, then $\{a_n b_n \}$ satisfies a linear recurrence with characteristic polynomial $p \# q$ - but it may not be the minimal one, and that's why I am investigating.
share|improve this question
Re: 2, why not just divide $p\_TAG_$ by the greatest common divisor of $p\_TAG_$ and $(p\_TAG_)'$? Multiple root elimination – user31373 Jun 19 '12 at 16:42
add comment
1 Answer
up vote 0 down vote accepted
 1. I don't know if there is a widely accepted name, but I would call it the Kronecker product. The reason is that if $M, N$ are two matrices with eigenvalues $m_i, n_i$ then their Kronecker product $M \otimes N$ has eigenvalues $m_i n_j$.
 2. Let $M, N$ be the companion matrices of your polynomials. Compute the characteristic polynomial of $M \otimes N$, then divide it by the gcd with its formal derivative as Leonid says in the comments. This is divisible by the polynomial you want and from here I think you just have to factor it.
If your actual goal is to compute Hadamard products of rational functions, there is another way to do this using complex analysis. This is described in this blog post.
share|improve this answer
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Your Answer


text:
The Beatles have been at the top for fifty years, their music remains exciting, their influence is still huge, their acclaim and achievements cannot be surpassed. But who really were the Beatles, and how did they and everything else in the 1960s fuse so explosively?
Mark Lewisohn's three-part biography is the first true and accurate account of the Beatles, a contextual history built upon impeccable research and written with energy, style, objectivity and insight. This first volume covers the crucial and less-known early period - the Liverpool and Hamburg years of a hungry rock and roll band, when all the sharp characters and situations take shape.
This is the Beatles like you've never read them before. It isn't just 'another book', it's the book, from the world-acknowledged authority. Forget what you know and discover the complete story.
Create a review
- publication date: 10/10/2013
- ID: 9781405527309
- book language: en
- publisher: Little, Brown Book Group
- publisher imprint: Little, Brown Book Group
- Android Epub DRM Yes
- Ereader Epub DRM Yes
- Desktop Epub DRM Yes
- IOS Epub DRM Yes
- Windows Epub DRM Yes


text:
Mosaics are made of tiny colored pieces of stone, pottery, glass or other materials, arranged together and set in plaster or cement to make patterns and images. They can be used to decorate a floor, a wall or in some cases a ceiling.
Mosaics have a long history. They were created in Ancient times in Babylon, Egypt, Greece and Rome. When the cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum (which were buried under lava when Mount Vesuvius erupted in A.D. 79) were rediscovered, many wonderful mosaics were found.
Ask your students to imagine, making a mosaic using over one million pieces of glass - all hand cut, and placed into wet plaster to create a large pattern for their entry hall! It is a project that would take months and in some cases even many years to complete.
For several centuries, interest in the making of mosaics declined. It wasn't until the 19th century, when architects started to look at old ideas for new inspirations, that the interest once again returned and mosaics began popping up in public buildings and private homes.
This Halloween, why not have your students try their hands at mosaic making, using something very plentiful this time of year... pumpkin seeds.
- Pumpkin Seeds (clean)
- Tempera paint (dark colors)
- Paint brush
- Shallow container
- Thick paper (poster board)
- Wax paper or newspaper
- Have students choose a few paint colors. Put the seeds into a shallow dish, squirt some paint on the seeds and mix the paint around until all seeds are covered in paint. They should do this for as many colors as they need.
- Spread the seeds out on wax paper (or newspaper) and let dry.
- While they are waiting for the seeds to dry, students can draw a scary picture onto their poster paper. Some ideas include a jack 'o' lantern, masks, a black cat or just wild designs. Remind students to keep it simple, remember, they will be "coloring in" with seeds.
- When the seeds are dry, they can be arranged and glued onto the poster paper in the appropriate areas. If you are feeling really adventurous, try using plaster instead of glue to create the mosaics. Just remind students to work quickly as plaster has a very quick set time. Also, never pour plaster down the sink. Wait for it to dry and throw it in the garbage.


FOM: Faltings' theorem isn't basic
Lou van den Dries vddries at
Wed Oct 22 17:48:51 EDT 1997
Well, what is "basic" for Steve seems to change from one email to the
next. In an earlier email he says:
"Matijasevic's theorem is about objects of a much more basic kind:
polynomial equations with integer coefficients"
and later:
"Matijasevic's theorem may be called foundational while the Lang
conjectures may not".
Now, if the difference between the basicness of Matijasevic and
Faltings (I mean, between the questions addressed by their theorems)
is that Matijasevic considers integer solutions and Faltings considers
rational solutions, then I should have talked about Siegel's theorem
instead, which does consider integer solutions, and gives an effective
necessary and sufficient condition for equations p(x,y) = 0 to
have infinitely many integer solutions, and this condition also
involves the genus, etc. Sincerely,
 Lou van den Dries
More information about the FOM mailing list


text:
Central African Republic
Practice Relating to Rule 15. The Principle of Precautions in Attack
Section D. Information required for deciding upon precautions in attack
The Central African Republic's Instructor's Manual (1999) states in Volume 3 (Instruction for non-commissioned officers studying for the level 1 and 2 certificates and for future officers of the criminal police):
To accomplish his mission a military commander needs appropriate intelligence on the enemy and the environment.
To be able to comply with the law of war, intelligence must comprise the following information:
- concentrations of civilian persons;
- the civilian environment;
- types of built-up areas (towns, villages, shelters, etc.);
- the presence and type of major civilian objects, in particular specially protected objects;
- the natural environment.
Also in Volume 3, the manual states: "Military commanders must inform themselves about concentrations of civilians, important civilian objects and specially protected facilities, the natural environment and the civilian environment of military objectives."


text:
Wages and Prices Are Not Always Sticky: A Century of Evidence for the United States, United Kingdom, and Japan
NBER Working Paper No. 847 (Also Reprint No. r0372)
Arthur M. Okun's last book, Prices and Quantities, contributes a theory of universal wage and price stickiness, but provides no explanation at all of historical and cross country differences in behavior. The core of this paper provides a new empirical characterization of price and wage changes over the last century in the U.S., U.K., and Japan, in order to demonstrate the wide variety of historical responses that have occurred. Equations for changes in the GNP deflator, in the hourly manufacturing wage rate, and in the real wage rate are estimated, with attention to the influence of both demand and supply disturbances. Because of the long sample period involved, extending back to 1875 for the U.K. and to 1892 for the other two countries, there is extensive attention to shifts in parameters. My description of U.S. data differs from Okun's framework by rejecting his wage-wage formulation of the postwar U.S. inflation inertia process, by allowing the impact of demand disturbances to depend on both the level and rate of change of aggregate demand, by allowing demand to influence pricesetting as well as wage-setting behavior, and by stressing the fact that inertia in the U.S. adjustment process is purely a postwar phenomenon rather than the universal fact implied by Okun. The results for the U.K. and Japan compound the conflict with Okun's analysis, since in these two countries wages have been far from sticky, even in postwar years. Prices and wages were particularly flexible in the U.S. during World War I and its aftermath, in Japan since 1914, and in the U.K. since the mid-1950s. The last half of the paper provides an analysis of behavior in labor markets and product markets. The unique nature of the U.S. postwar adjustment reflects its unique institution of three-year staggered wage contracts, and the analysis attempts to explain why we do not observe perfect insulation of nominal wages from shifts in nominal demand. The section on the product markets examines the factors that explain why prices are often pre-set, and why the speed of adjustment to demand shocks is sensitive to the nature of aggregate information available.
Document Object Identifier (DOI): 10.3386/w0847
Published: Gordon, Robert J. "A Century of Evidence on Wage and Price Stickiness in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Japan." Macroeconomics, Prices, and Quantities, James Tobin, editor, pp. 85- 133. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Inst., 1983.
Users who downloaded this paper also downloaded* these:


text:
KS X 1001 (Korean Graphic Character Set for Information Interchangecitation needed) is a South Korean coded character set standard to represent hangul and hanja characters on a computer. It is arranged as 94×94 table (similarly to 2-byte code words in ISO 2022 and EUC), therefore its code points are pairs of integers 1–94. KS X 1001 contains ASCII, Korean, typography, Greek, Cyrillic, Japanese (Hiragana and Katakana) and some other characters.
This standard was previously known as KS C 5601. There have been several revisions of this standard. For example, there were revisions in 1987, 1992, 1998 and 2002. Several computer operating systems encode various versions of this standard several ways. Not all of them encode the standard the same way, like replacing the typical backslash at byte 0x5C with the won currency sign (₩).citation needed Some operating systems extend this standard in other non-uniform ways. Possible encoding schemes of KS X 1001 are: EUC-KR, windows-949 (superset of EUC-KR), ISO-2022-KR and JOHAB. However, the latter two encodings are rarely used.


text:
1) Be consistent
Whatever you do make sure you are consistent with your rules, the quality of your lessons and even your mood! Students tend to take an "offish" mood personally, they do not consider that you might just be having a bad day, or be slightly unwell, or highly stressed, instead they expect you to be consistent in your approach. Consistency is important and it enables students to feel secure and safe in your presence. If children feel safe they will trust you and a trusting relationship creates a healthy, positive rapport which reinforces the idea that learning from you is worthwhile…..


text:
Also found in: Financial, Idioms.
n. Often Offensive
1. An ineffective or undependable member of a group.
2. A person regarded as timid or indecisive.
informal US a person in a group who is regarded as weak or unreliable
1. a vacillating person; coward.
2. a part or element that undermines the whole of something; weak link.


Don't ban smoking, ban obesity
Last updated 05:00 07/01/2013
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Associate Health Minister, Tariana Turia, is fond of telling us "around 4500 to 5000 New Zealanders die each year from their smoking, or exposure to the smoke of others" and insisting New Zealand will be smoke free in 2025.
But the Health Minister never mentions the 8500 New Zealanders who die every year from a poor diet - over double the amount killed from tobacco consumption, and 21 times the amount killed from environmental tobacco smoke (ETS).
She does not mention the 3250 New Zealanders who die every year from being fat, or the 1500 who perish from a lack of vegetables, nor the 2500 couch potatoes who die from insufficient physical activity.
All of these figures are available from her own Health Ministry reports.
So why is it that New Zealand is trying to ban smoking? Shouldn't it get its priorities in order and focus on the obesity epidemic? Fat chance.
The Government is determined to ram this policy through, and the Health Sponsorship Council is continually telling us all there are heaps of reasons why people should be smoke-free, including saving money, being healthier, happier and protecting the children. But do any of these reasons stack up to scrutiny?
According to a study by the Erasmus University Department of Public Health, smokers save society money because they die younger, and a smoking ban would increase costs as the healthier population eventually moved in to nursing homes and the relatively expensive diseases of old age.
In New Zealand smoking generates approximately $1 billion per year in tax, whereas, the cost of smoking-related health care to the New Zealand taxpayer is about $250 million.
After a smoking ban, if the Government stops spending $28 million a year on smoking cessation and prevention programmes, it will have an approximate tax deficit of $725 million (what smoking costs).
And the nation's health?
The World Health Organisation says health is a complete state of physical, mental, and social well-being, not just an absence of disease or infirmity, which is why many smokers say smoking improves their health.
And now proponents of a zero-tolerance smoking ban say smoking is not only bad for smokers, but for non-smokers, too.
In New Zealand, we have the smoke police determined not only to ban smokers from deserted parks, university campuses, and the like, but to ban them from smoking in their cars, in their house, or in fact, anywhere at all.
However, using clean air legislation in New Zealand to push through a smoking ban is unlikely to work.
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New Zealand's environmental clean air act, The Resource Management Act 1991, is toothless because it does not set air quality fine particulate standards or pollution thresholds, instead allowing each local authority to determine their own standards.
The evidence that secondhand smoke is dangerous to non-smokers health is weak, and riddled with design flaws, political and academic bias.
The American Environment Protection agency initially found that 80 per cent of the ETS epidemiological studies they reviewed did not find a statistical significant overall association between ETS and lung cancer.
To improve statistical probability, the EPA lowered the statistical significance usually required in testing from 95 per cent, to 90 per cent, and reanalysed the data using a different statistical test with less stringent criteria to ensure positive results.
Given the weakness of ETS data, the fact that smoking deaths from ETS are relatively minor in comparison to obesity, and the fact that a zero-tolerance smoking ban will leave huge shortfall in tax in the New Zealand economy, it seems unlikely that smoking will ever be banned in New Zealand.
The current push for a zero-tolerance smoking ban is nothing more than a frenzy of moralism, spuriously disguised in the intolerant politically correct rhetoric of health concerns for New Zealanders air quality.
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Item Pipeline
After an item has been scraped by a spider, it is sent to the Item Pipeline which process it through several components that are executed sequentially.
Each item pipeline component (sometimes referred as just "Item Pipeline") is a Python class that implements a simple method. They receive an Item and perform an action over it, also deciding if the Item should continue through the pipeline or be dropped and no longer processed.
Typical use for item pipelines are:
 - cleansing HTML data
 - checking for duplicates (and dropping them)
 - storing the scraped item in a database
Writing your own item pipeline
Writing your own item pipeline is easy. Each item pipeline component is a single Python class that must implement the following method:
process_item(item, spider)
This method is called for every item pipeline component and must either return a Item (or any descendant class) object or raise a DropItem exception. Dropped items are no longer processed by further pipeline components.
 - item (Item object) – the item scraped
 - spider (BaseSpider object) – the spider which scraped the item
Additionally, they may also implement the following methods:
This method is called when the spider is opened.
Parameters:spider (BaseSpider object) – the spider which was opened
This method is called when the spider is closed.
Parameters:spider (BaseSpider object) – the spider which was closed
Item pipeline example
Price validation and dropping items with no prices
Let's take a look at the following hypothetic pipeline that adjusts the price attribute for those items that do not include VAT (price_excludes_vat attribute), and drops those items which don't contain a price:
from scrapy.exceptions import DropItem
class PricePipeline(object):
 vat_factor = 1.15
 def process_item(self, item, spider):
 if item['price']:
 if item['price_excludes_vat']:
 return item
Write items to a JSON file
The following pipeline stores all scraped items (from all spiders) into a a single items.jl file, containing one item per line serialized in JSON format:
import json
class JsonWriterPipeline(object):
 def __init__(self):
 self.file = open('items.jl', 'wb')
 def process_item(self, item, spider):
 return item
Activating an Item Pipeline component
To activate an Item Pipeline component you must add its class to the ITEM_PIPELINES list, like in the following example:
Item pipeline example with resources per spider
Sometimes you need to keep resources about the items processed grouped per spider, and delete those resource when a spider finishes.
An example is a filter that looks for duplicate items, and drops those items that were already processed. Let say that our items have an unique id, but our spider returns multiples items with the same id:
from scrapy.xlib.pydispatch import dispatcher
from scrapy import signals
from scrapy.exceptions import DropItem
class DuplicatesPipeline(object):
 def __init__(self):
 self.duplicates = {}
 dispatcher.connect(self.spider_opened, signals.spider_opened)
 dispatcher.connect(self.spider_closed, signals.spider_closed)
 def spider_opened(self, spider):
 self.duplicates[spider] = set()
 def spider_closed(self, spider):
 del self.duplicates[spider]
 def process_item(self, item, spider):
 if item['id'] in self.duplicates[spider]:
 return item


Music changes perception
Do Lefties Have Superior Spatial Perception?
A new study suggests that Right Handed people perceive their right arms to be longer than their left arms, while left handed people have an accurate perception of arm length. I know it sounds bizarre, but it is a fact. The study suggests that this perception difference is due to the face that in left-handed […]


text:
Lync Server Logging Tool and Snooper. However, there are significant changes in the way Lync Server 2013 provides logging and analysis for troubleshooting. The Lync Server Logging Tool is now gone and replaced by the Centralized Logging Service (CLS). This article expores the CLS architecture and how to conduct basic logging and SIP trace analysis for the new Lync2013 server.CLS enables IT administrators to manage logging and search logs across all Lync servers in a deployment centrally rather than on individual servers. This is an advantage as one no longer needs to enable logging and having to look at traces on multiple front end servers in a pool. Now, we can start, stop and flush trace logging for any or all machines in the deployment from a single location. Administrators can also turn on logging based on scenarios on a per pool/machine for the entire deployment. From a centralized location, we can then search and trace these logs based on specified parameters.
CLS Architecture Overview
1. CLS Agent - runs on every Lync server and controls logging based on commands from the CLSController. It also manages log files for drive space usage and moves old logs to a fileshare. The ClsAgent listens for commands on the following ports: TCP 50001, 50002 and 50003
2. CLSController - sends start, stop, fiush and search commands to all CLSAgents in the deployment. It aggegrates search results from CLSAgents and is available on every Lync server in C:\Program Files\Common files\Microsoft Lync Server 2013\CLSAgent
CLS logging is performed based on scenarios and there are a set of built-in scenarios that specify a group of components and log levels to be started and stopped together. Some examples of these scenarios include:
one additional scenario can be enabled along with "AlwaysOn".
Getting Started with CLS
ClsController.exe -start -scenario AlwaysOn
CLSController.exe -start -scenario IncomingAndOutgoingCall -pools lync2013.apbeta.local
CLSController.exe -search -components Sipstack -pools lync2013.apbeta.local > sip.log


Home Trademark Why Can The Trademark Registration Be Canceled?
Why Can The Trademark Registration Be Canceled?
by admin
Presently, it's observed that increasingly more additional information mill filling their trademark applications. Innovations and immense competition increase the risk for intellectual property's registration compulsory without any small investment for the business. It is not enough you're going to get the very best emblem designed and get the website effectively prepared. Protecting the company as well as the the company is essential inside the piracy may be the sole goal today when things are available online. Here you will need the advice inside the best company legal providers as these company registration delegates will move the finest mode the easiest method to keep the company emblem and name from breach. Bear in mind there are particular clauses which result in having your trademark registration canceled. For a moment not desire to experience similar to this you will need to determine a trademark registration services providers.
Listed here are why the trademark registration may be canceled:-
 1. Undistinctive character:-
When the trademark which you should get registered cannot differentiate one good inside the other then under this grounds your trademark registration may be canceled. The trademark should be capable of differentiating these items within the applier inside the others.
 1. Non-inventive words:-
The old saying the term "inventive" implies that it's new word which isn't yet generally used or even is not incorporated within the British language that's frequently acquainted with provide any entity character. This word is meaningless until any more word isn't place in it.
For instance, DROPOVIT may be the word meaning drops within the vitamin this word is recognized as becoming an inventive word. Such words may be registered.
Now take an accidents, in which a as being a person recycle for money fruits as "FRUITS". Here this word cannot participate the the company since it is distinctive that is an inventive term. Normally made available, the trademark registration will most likely be canceled.
 1. Descriptive words:-
In situation your company implies the data such as the quantity, length of the beginning of the company, products, services, quality, headquarters, once the items are manufactured etc, if they are utilized as what they are referred to as in the organization then these could be rejected along with the trademark registration will most likely be canceled. The actual reason behind the cancellation is niagra information must be mentioned underneath the heads within the descriptive marks.
 1. Generic Words:-
Generic words imply the generally used words using the people. The text that are quickly utilized by everybody can't be the the company because the trademark should be very distinctive as well as other, meaning the trademark which you need to obtain registered shouldn't be used by others. For instance, Mr. X wants to register his business name as Forest, it does not alllow for good business and it's also used generally using the public. So such names are canceled instead of registered. You need to be very particular while selecting the word what precisely unique instead of accustomed to date by anybody.


text:
Abraham ben Jacob, better known under his Arabic name of Ibrâhîm ibn Ya'qûb (al-Tartushi [often like this instead of 'al-Ṭurṭûshî']) was a 10th century Hispano-Arabic, Sephardi Jewish written and oral history, as well as his writings indicate his Jewish background, traveller, probably a merchant, whose brief may have included diplomacy and espionage. His family hailed from Moorish-ruled Ṭurṭūšah close to the mouth of the Ebro: he himself may also have lived in Cordova. In 961–62 he travelled in Western and Central Europe and in Italy at least as far as Rome, where he was received in audience by the Holy Roman Emperor Otto I during the first week of February; nothing is known about his return to 'al-Andalus' (the Muslim-ruled part of the Iberian Peninsula), nor of any other travel. The memoirs and commentaries of his journey, possibly first presented to the Cordovan caliph Al-Hakam II (961–76), have been lost; only excerpts by later authors have been preserved, i.e., in Abu Abdullah al-Bakri's Book of Highways and of Kingdoms. His work is widely known as the first reliable description of the Polish state under Mieszko I, the first historical ruler of Poland. He is also noted for his description of the Vikings living in Hedeby, of the Nakonid fortification at "Dorf Mecklenburg" and of what was, in all likelihood, the nucleus of the later ducal castle and palace at Schwerin. Ibrahim ibn Yaqub has a unique place in the Czech history as the first person to mention the city of Prague in writing.
See also
- "Ibrāhīm ibn Ya‛qūb al-Isrā'īlī al-Ṭurṭūshī," by Lutz Richter-Bernburg, in: The Oxford Companion to World Exploration, David Buisseret, editor-in-chief, 2 vols., Oxford UP 2007, I:402b-403b
External links


text:
The tutorial is a feature that provides a short introduction to Heroes of the Storm.
Introductory experience[edit | edit source]
The tutorial is encountered when the player first plays the game, immediately after the introductory experience. During the introductory experience the player learns the very basic controls for the game, including moving the character and using abilities. Once completed, the introductory experience does not appear to be replayable. As well as teaching the player the basics of the game, the introductory experience also serves to establish the storyline and setting for Heroes of the Storm, including the appearance of the various heroes in the Nexus: The introductory experience begins with Raynor battling the Zerg. Suddenly, he is transported from his previous location, and finds himself in the Nexus, where he is greeted by Uther. After a bare explanation of his predicament, Raynor is led to encounter a number of enemy minions, allowing the player to learn the basics of controlling their character. Before long, Raynor and Uther encounter Diablo, to whom Raynor appears to quickly take a dislike. Raynor goes on to engage in battle against Diablo and Stitches, eventually emerging triumphant.
At the conclusion of the introductory experience the player is led to the main menu screen for the first time, from which they may choose to take the tutorial, completing the player's introduction to the game.
The Tutorial[edit | edit source]
In the tutorial, the player takes control of Raynor, who is instructed by Uther in the basics of the game. The tutorial takes the form of a regular match, but features additional instruction sequences and commentary by Uther to teach the player as the game progresses. The player is not offered talent choices during the tutorial, but instead automatically gains a certain set of talents as the team gains in level.
Dialogue[edit | edit source]
Once the battleground appears, the first sequence of dialogue begins:
- Uther: I hope you're ready, Raynor - this is as real as it gets. As before, our goal is to fight the enemy team and destroy their core.
- Raynor: The way I see it, there are three lanes to the enemy's base. We'd better make sure somebody's covering each one.
- Uther: Now you've got it, lad! Once the battle starts, follow me and get ready to fight.
Once battle begins:
- Uther: Raynor! I could use your assistance in this lane!
Once Raynor engages in battle or uses Inspire:
- Uther: Whenever you kill enemy minions, heroes or structures, our team gains experience.
- Uther: This bar shows the experience of both teams. Once the blue bar fills entirely, our team levels up, and we each grow stronger.
- Raynor: Let's go get us a level then.
Once the team levels up:
- Uther: Well done - we've leveled up! Your stats have increased and your abilities have become stronger!
If Raynor gets targeted by a tower:
If Raynor's health gets low:
- Raynor: Dang. Not feelin' so good.
- Uther: Better head to a healing fountain. You can right click to it to regain health.
Once Raynor drinks from the fountain:
- Uther: There you go. After drinking from a fountain, your health and mana will regenerate over time. But you'll have to wait until the fountain refills before you can drink from it again.
If Raynor's health gets low again:
- Uther: If your health gets low, heal yourself by using a healing fountain or hearthing back to our base.
Before long, Uther will mount up and ride off to the top left siege giant camp, usually accompanied by one or more other heroes.
- Uther: Raynor - we could use your help over here. We're going to 'encourage' a few of these siege giants to join our side.
A special objective and trail appears, indicating the path to the camp. If Raynor doesn't go to help quickly enough:
- Raynor: Guess I'd better go help Uther, before the old man gets a little cranky...-er.
If Raynor still doesn't go to assist:
- Uther: Hurry up, lad! We need your help with these siege giants.
After defeating the giants:
- Uther: Stand within that beacon for a moment, would you?
Once Raynor has captured the camp:
- Uther: There we are! Once a mercenary camp is defeated, they'll join us in battle, attacking down the nearest lane!
- Raynor: Alright. I say we escort these siege critters to the enemy's fort, and bust that dang thing apart.
The siege giants will progress down the top lane, and begin attacking a tower:
- Uther: Siege giants are quite effective at destroying forts at long range.
Prompted to use Inspire:
- Uther: Your Inspire ability increases the attack speed of both you and nearby allies. Use it whenever you can!
Prompted to use Hyperion:
- Raynor: I'd say this looks like the perfect time to call down the Hyperion.
- Raynor: I bet if I called down the Hyperion now, we could take out these guys.
If Raynor dies:
- Raynor: Well... that just happened.


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From Wikipedia:
Oliver Heaviside
Oliver Heaviside FRS was an English autodidactic electrical engineer, mathematician, and physicist who brought complex numbers to circuit analysis, invented a new technique for solving differential equations, independently developed vector calculus, and rewrote Maxwell's equations in the form commonly used today. He significantly shaped the way Maxwell's equations are understood and applied in the decades following Maxwell's death. His formulation of the... Read More
Born18 May 1850
Camden Town, Middlesex, England
Died3 February 1925 (aged 74)
Mount Stuart Nursing Home Torquay, Devon
FieldsElectrical engineering, mathematics and physics
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text:
In this Article, Professor Sullivan postulates that the unconstitutional conditions doctrine is a doctrine in search of a theory. Three theories have been put forth, but have proven unsatisfactory. The author describes the three theories and then suggests an alternative approach. The unconstitutional doctrine is necessary to preserve three distributive functions: (1) checking the power of the state by preserving a private order; (2) imposing obligations of government neutrality among rightholders who, for example, speak, worship, or procreate according to different lights; and (3) barring a system of constitutional caste among rightholders. The alternative approach embodies a distributive analysis of unconstitutional conditions that considers the balance of power and freedom in the polity as a whole.
Kathleen M. Sullivan,
Unconstitutional Conditions and the Distribution of Liberty,
San Diego L. Rev.
Available at: _URL_


text:
Rest assured, even as you are dreaming about your next car, we've got the important issues covered – safety and fuel economy.
American steelmakers are at the forefront of developing advanced steel and manufacturing technologies for future vehicles. We can achieve higher fuel efficiency standards without compromising safety. Want to know how?
Advanced high-strength steels (AHSS) require less energy and emissions to produce than other automotive structural material, make lighter parts that reduce vehicle weight and increase fuel economy, and are fully recyclable.
Learn more about:
A car's structure, the safety cage, is made from steel.


text:
Return TRUE if the expression is NULL, otherwise return FALSE.
Syntax IsNull(expression) Key expression A string or numeric expression.
The IsNull() function may be used in VBA or in an SQL query.
MS Access makes a distinction between an empty string "" and a NULL value. If you type something into a field and then delete it, you will be left with a zero length string, in contrast if nothing has ever been entered into a field it will be NULL. IsNull() will only detect NULLs.
Dim boolDemo as Boolean
boolDemo = IsNull(Me!txtDescription)
If boolDemo = True Then Msgbox "A required value is missing!"
"Art is the elimination of the unnecessary" ~ Pablo Picasso
Nz - Detect a NULL value.
© Copyright SS64.com _PHONE_
Some rights reserved


text:
These are my skewness notes for S1 which explain the coefficient of skewness at the bottom.
In a symmetrical distribution mean = median = mode and Q2 – Q1 = Q3 – Q2. A positive skew distribution has a tail to the positive side, mean > median > mode and Q2 – Q1 < Q3 – Q2. A negative skew distribution has a tail to the negative side, mean < median < mode and Q2 – Q1 > Q3 – Q2. Skewness can be given quantity as well as direction by using (3 (mean-median))/(standard deviation). To compare the relative dispersion between data sets the coefficient of variation is used, it is given by V= 100σ/μ= 100s/x ̅ and as a percentage. When data is skewed the median and the interquartile range are used as measures of location and dispersion as they are not affected by extreme values. The dispersion of a set of data is therefore measured by the quartile coefficient of variation which is given by QV= (50 (Q_3- Q_1))/Q_2.
x ̅ is mean of x and Q_3 is the upper quartile mark, if the notation wasnt that clear
Last edited by abbii; 18-04-2010 at 21:29.
Last edited by.ACS.; 18-04-2010 at 21:35.
Reason: Decided to add Latex


text:
Civil Unions and Domestic Partnerships:
Comparison to Marriage
Civil unions and domestic partner benefits may
appear to provide virtually the same rights as marriage. However,
there are critical distinctions between marriage and civil unions
or domestic partner benefits. In 1997, the General Accounting Office
a memorandum describing the 1,049 federal laws in which rights
are contingent upon marital status. Under the current federal definition
of marriage, same-sex couples are barred from federal benefits heterosexual
couples receive in the areas of taxation, social security, immigration,
and veteran's benefits. The privileges of marriage are uniformly
recognized across jurisdictions. Conversely, the protections of
civil unions and domestic partner benefits do not travel with couples,
but are only selectively
recognized. The inability to assert rights in a consistent fashion
across jurisdictions is one of the largest distinctions between
marriage and the existing alternatives for same-sex couples.
Sign from Rally to Support Same-Sex Marriage, Massachusetts, 2004.
© Christine Fernsebner Eslao.


text:
- Questions & Answers
The gas sensitive material used in MQ-6 gas sensor is SnO2, which is of lower electrical conductivity in clean air.
When there is combustible gas in the environment where sensor resides, the electrical conductivity of the sensor increases with the increase of the combustible gas concentration in the air.
The change of electrical conductivity can be converted to the output signal corresponding to that of the gas concentration by using a simple circuit.
The sensitivity of MQ-6 gas sensor to propane, butane and liquefied petroleum gas is quite high, and the natural gas can also be well detected.
This sensor can detect a variety of combustible gases, making it a low-cost sensor for a variety of applications.


Ask Sam letter
To Sam
What happens at a mental health hospital?
Hi Sam,
I've been suffering with mental health problems since christmas. I recently had a CAMHS appointment but when I was in there the Dr that I saw mentioned the possible of going to a mental health hospital and staying there for a while. But I don't know what one exactly is, the Dr didn't explain it very well but I was wondering if you could kinda tell me about them and what happens in one. Thank you for reading
Ask Sam
Hi there,
Getting the right help and support for your mental health is really important. Most of the time you can be treated by your GP, but sometimes your doctor may think a stay in a hospital will help you. Your doctor or therapist will tell you what type of treatment you need and where you can get that.
Children and Adolescent Mental Health services, also called CAMHS, support young people with different types of mental health issues including depression, anxiety and eating problems. They can help by listening, support you to express your feelings and find ways to cope better. You might be offered counselling or other types of therapy, medication or an admission to hospital.
Being in hospital can give you time away from things that may be difficult in your everyday life so you can focus on your treatment. Sometimes you might need to go into hospital to keep you safe or because help is available 24 hours a day. Whatever the reason, the staff work together to help you.
You'll be able to carry on with school or college work while in hospital, spend time alone or with other patients and play games and sport, depending on what's available where you are. There will be set times for things like meals, bedtime and activities. Knowing what happens at different times of the day can help you settle in and have a routine to follow.
Wherever you have your treatment, you have the right to know what will happen and be given the chance to say what you think. Try to be involved with decisions about what you need, even if the outcome isn't what you hoped for. Remember: taking part in your treatment can help you get well.
I'm glad you sent this letter to me. If you need more support, there's a good guide to CAMHS and you can always talk about how you're feeling to a Childline counsellor.
Take care
Need help straight away?
Ask me a question
Write me a letter