text:
Township 24 South, Range 13 West, New Mexico Principal Meridian, New Mexico
View Township 24 South, Range 13 West, New Mexico Principal Meridian, New Mexico Township and Range on Google Maps with this interactive Section Township Range finder. Search by address, place, land parcel description or GPS coordinates (latitude, longitude)
Just need an image? Scroll down the page to the New Mexico Section Township Range Map Image
Township and Range made easy! Use this free township and range locator to search by address, place, land parcel description or GPS coordinates (latitude, longitude). View and search the Public Land Survey System (PLSS), also known as Congressional townships or survey townships, all the way down to the section, quarter section and quarter quarter section level, all overlaid on a fully interactive Google Map. Optionally, add section township range labels, and overlay counties and cities as well!
Quick Tips for using this New Mexico Section Township and Range map tool
- There are four ways to get started using this New Mexico Section Township and Range map tool
- In the "Search places" box above the map, type an address, city, etc. and choose the one you want from the auto-complete list
- Click the map to see the Section, Township and Range for where you clicked (Monthly Contributors also get Dynamic Maps)
- Use the "Find parcel" tool below the map to search for a known Section, Township and Range, for example from a land deed. Tip: You don't have to specify a Section if you only know the Township and Range. Also, you can leave the PM (Prime Meridian) set to "any" and the tool will let you know if there are multiple matches.
- To search using GPS coordinates use the "Find lat long" box in the top right above the map*
- Click the ◉ button in the upper right corner of the map to use your current location. Click the ◉ button again to automatically update your location every 1, 5 or 10 minutes (Monthly Contributors also get an option to update every several seconds).**
As you click on townships, sections and aliquot parts smaller than a section (such as quarter sections), the approximate area in acres (square miles for townships) will be shown for the yellow-highlighted unit. Only use this acreage as an approximate, as it is a GIS-computed area and may not correspond with the official survey-recorded area.
- Optionally, check the "Show labels" checkbox in the lower left corner of the map to see the names of township and range, section and quarter quarter section on the map. More labels will appear as you zoom in. There are also options to show US city limits and county lines on the map.
- Subscribe to receive notification of tool updates and usage tips
* You can search using various formats of latitude longitude, including degrees, minutes and seconds; degrees
and decimal minutes; or decimal degrees
** The "Locate" button will be more accurate on smartphones and other devices containing a GPS; desktop browsers typically show an approximate location
Section Township Range is part of the U.S. Public Land Survey System (PLSS), which is administered by the United States Department of the Interior's Bureau of Land Management (BLM). The PLSS is a system of land surveying that was created by the United States government in the early 1800s. The system divides land into rectangular parcels, which are then further subdivided into smaller parcels. The PLSS is used to survey much of the land in the United States, including land that is owned by the federal government, state governments, and private individuals.
The following states use the BLM's PLSS and are covered by this Section Township Range map tool: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Florida, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Ohio (partial), Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, Wisconsin, Wyoming. The remaining U.S. states typically use the older metes and bounds system and are therefore not covered by this tool.
Find Sections, Townships and Ranges by radius or by drawing a line or shape
- To find Sections, Townships and Ranges within a radius or near a line or shape you draw*:
- Click the "Selection Tools" button on the left side of the map
- – RADIUS SELECT: To find Sections, Townships and Ranges within a radius, specify the mileage in the "Select map
features within x miles of the shapes I draw" box, then use the Point "Add a marker" tool to draw a point
in the middle of the radius
– TOUCHING A LINE OR SHAPE: To find Sections, Townships and Ranges that touch a line or a shape you draw, use the Line tool or Shape tool to draw the shape, double-clicking when finished
– WITHIN DISTANCE OF A LINE OR SHAPE: To find Sections, Townships and Ranges that are within a distance of a line or a shape you draw, first specify the mileage in the "Select map features within x miles of the shapes I draw" box, then use the Line tool or Shape tool to draw the shape, double-clicking when finished
- The Sections, Townships and Ranges will be highlighted and listed in a "Results from map" box below the
map, where you can copy the selected Sections, Townships and Ranges for use in a spreadsheet or other
– Optionally, keep drawing shapes to select more Sections, Townships and Ranges
- When you are finished selecting Townships and Ranges, click the "DONE Selecting" button on the left side of the map
* Sections, Townships and Ranges will get selected if any part of the shape you draw falls within the Section, Township and Range
New Mexico Section Township Range Map Image
Static Map Image of New Mexico Section Township Range Map
Why was this tool created? Many people have requested to be able to search by section, township and range, and be able to see them displayed on top of Google Maps.
While some other tools show Section Township Range on Google Earth, requiring downloads and installation, this free tool shows Section Township Range on Google Maps in a web browser, requiring no downloads and no installation. And you can even use it on your smart phone or tablet!
- Township, Range and Section lines are part of the Public Land Survey System (PLSS), the most complete source being the Bureau of Land Management (BLM)
- See states covered by this tool listed above
- Survey Type Codes (shown when available):
– AS: Alaska State Land Survey
– AT: Alaska Tideland Survey
– C: U.S. Coal Land Survey
– D: Allotment Survey
– E: Metes and Bounds
– F: Farm Unit Survey
– G: Land Grant
– H: Homestead Entry
– I: Indian Interest
– J: Small Tract, Small Holding Claim
– K: Townsite Block
– L: Lot
– M: Mineral Survey
– N: Townsite Survey
– P: BLM Parcel
– Q: Donation Land Claim
– S: United States Survey
– T: Tract
– U: Unsurveyed Protracted
– W: Water or Meandered Water
– X: Exchange Survey
– Y: Townsite Outlot
– Z: Unsurveyed Unprotracted
- The Search places box uses a standard Google Maps geocoding engine, therefore you can type street addresses, road names, points of interest, etc. to see what section, township, and range that location is part of
- Many of the map layers from which this information is extracted are very large, so it may take several seconds for all of the map layers to finish drawing
- Because the map layers are large, fewer lines will be shown if you are zoomed out too far
- Note that typing an address will zoom in the map very close, whereas typing a city or county by itself will show you a map with a wider view
- Disclaimer: While the number of decimals in the latitude and longitude displayed for the map marker may imply a positional accuracy of within a few feet, note that Google Maps and the source data may not be that accurate. Accordingly, this tool should not be used for legal nor surveying purposes or anything beyond entertainment value.
– Section Township Range: US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management
BLM's Limitations of Use: These data are provided by BLM "as is" and may contain errors or omissions. The User assumes the entire risk associated with its use of these data and bears all responsibility in determining whether these data are fit for the User's intended use. The information contained in these data is dynamic and may change over time. The data are not better than the original sources from which they were derived, and both scale and accuracy may vary across the data set. These data may not have the accuracy, resolution, completeness, timeliness, or other characteristics appropriate for applications that potential users of the data may contemplate. The User is encouraged to carefully consider the content of the metadata file associated with these data. These data are neither legal documents nor land surveys, and must not be used as such. Official records may be referenced at most BLM offices. Please report any errors in the data to the BLM office for which it was obtained. The BLM should be cited as the data source in any products derived from these data. Any Users wishing to modify the data should describe the types of modifications they have performed. The User should not misrepresent the data,


Welcome to BMH Machines Co.,Ltd
The difference between manual VMS and automatic VMS
Video measuring systems is a qualitative leap based on the measuring projector. It has upgraded the industrial measurement method from the traditional optical projection alignment to the computer screen measurement based on the era of digital imaging. It is worth mentioning that there is a transitional product on the market that has both a digital display and a computer. Strictly speaking, this kind of equipment that only uses a computer as an aiming tool is not an image measuring instrument, but can only be called an "image measuring projector" or an "image alignment projector". In other words: video measuring systems relies on the computer screen measurement technology and powerful spatial geometry calculation software. Video measuring systems are divided into digital image measuring instruments (also known as CNC vms) and hand-cranked image measuring instruments. The differences between them are mainly manifested in the following aspects:
Digital technology has achieved a little bit:
The operation of the hand-cranked image measuring instrument to measure the distance between points A and B is: first shake the handle in the X and Y directions to align with point A, then lock the platform, change hands to operate the computer and click the mouse to confirm; then open the platform, Crank your hand to point B, repeat the above actions to confirm point B. Each click of the mouse is to read the optical scale displacement value of the point into the computer, and the calculation function can only be operated after all the points have been read in.... This kind of elementary equipment is like a technical "building block platter", all functions and operations are carried out separately; once shake the handle, and then click the mouse...; you need to pay attention to the evenness and lightness and slowness of the hand, without turning; Generally, it takes a few minutes for a skilled operator to perform a simple distance measurement.
The digital image measuring instrument is different. It is based on micron-level numerical control hardware and humanized operating software, and integrates various functions to become a truly modern precision instrument. It has basic abilities such as stepless speed change, soft motion, point walking, electronic lock, synchronized reading; after the mouse moves to find the two points A and B you want to measure, the computer will help you calculate the measurement result and display the graph for Calibration, image and shadow synchronization, even for beginners to measure the distance between two points only a few seconds.
Digital technology realizes the free placement of workpieces:
When the hand-cranked image measuring instrument performs reference measurement, it is necessary to rotate the index plate on the loading platform to adjust the reference edge of the part to a coordinate axis parallel to the platform, because its primary software cannot support extremely complex spaces. Geometric conversion. The digital image measuring instrument can use software technology to complete the complex conversion between spatial coordinate system rotation and multiple coordinate systems. The measured workpiece can be placed at will, the coordinate origin and reference direction can be established at will, and the measured value can be obtained. At the same time, a mark is displayed on the screen., The coordinate direction and measuring point can be seen intuitively, making the common reference distance measurement very simple and intuitive. Since then, the product of the mechanical era of the indexing plate has become history together with the crank.
Digital technology realizes real-time correction of errors:
In the process of finding the target point to complete the measurement displacement of the hand-cranked image measuring instrument, due to the manual operation, a certain offset will occur between the main and auxiliary guide rails of the mobile platform, and the continuous back and forth movement will also produce a return gap. When measuring at the micron level, it will directly affect the measurement accuracy. The digital image measuring instrument has the ability to lock in motion and adopts the technology of no backlash in the design, thereby eliminating these errors and improving the smoothness of motion and measurement accuracy.
The longer the measurement distance, the greater the error, and the measurement accuracy decreases with the length. The hand-cranked image measuring instrument does not have the non-linear real-time correction function, and cannot eliminate the non-linear error caused by environmental factors such as temperature and vibration. The digital image measuring instrument has a very good error correction ability, which is corrected by software calculation and real-time control based on a strict mathematical model, so that the nonlinear error is reduced to a small amount, the measurement accuracy is improved, and the technical bottleneck of speed and accuracy is broken.
Digital technology can carry out CNC rapid measurement:
When the hand-cranked image measuring instrument performs batch measurement of the same workpiece, it needs to be manually moved one by one. Sometimes it has to shake tens of thousands of laps, but it can still only complete limited measurement of dozens of complex workpieces. Work efficiency low.
The digital image measuring instrument can establish CNC coordinate data through sample measurement, drawing calculation, CNC data import, etc., and the instrument will automatically move to the target point one by one to complete various measurement operations, thereby saving manpower and improving efficiency. With dozens of times the working capacity of a hand-cranked image measuring instrument, the operator is relaxed and efficient.
Contact Us
Name: Frank
Tel: +86-_PHONE_
E-mail: _EMAIL_
QQ: 324467243
WeChat: frank20203
QQ: 324467243 _EMAIL_


text:
Are you considering painting over your asbestos roof sheets? It may seem like an easy and cost-effective solution, but is it safe?
Asbestos has been widely used in the construction industry due to its strong and durable properties. It was commonly used in roofing materials, leading to a high probability of its presence in older buildings. While it is generally safe if not disturbed, when asbestos fibres are released into the air, they can lead to respiratory issues and even lung cancer.
If you're considering painting your asbestos roof sheets, it's important to understand the risks involved and take the necessary precautions to ensure your safety. In this article, we'll explore the safety concerns related to painting over asbestos roof sheets, helping you make an informed decision about how to handle this potentially hazardous material.
Why painting over asbestos roof sheets may not be safe?
Painting over asbestos roof sheets may not be safe because asbestos is a hazardous building material that can pose serious health risks if not handled properly. Asbestos was commonly used in building materials such as corrugated asbestos cement roof sheets, asbestos boards, and asbestos cement sheets until its production was banned due to health hazards. Asbestos sheets can release tiny fibres into the air that can be inhaled and cause lung diseases such as mesothelioma, lung cancer, and asbestosis.
Painting over an asbestos roof does not remove asbestos and can actually worsen the situation by disturbing the material and causing fibres to be released into the air. Even if the roof paint is in good condition, it does not provide a permanent barrier against exposure to asbestos fibres.
Asbestos roofs, such as the super six roof, should be removed by a licenced professional to ensure safe handling and disposal of the flat sheets. Painting over an asbestos roof is not a safe solution and can be a health hazard to anyone who comes into contact with the material. It is important to prioritise safety and properly remove asbestos-containing materials to avoid potential health risks.
What are the various types of paints that are suitable for use?
When it comes to painting over asbestos roof sheets, the best option is to use paint specifically designed for use on asbestos materials. These paints are usually epoxyor polyurethane-based and provide a protective coating that prevents the release of hazardous fibres into the air. They also help to reduce corrosion, which is important in areas with high levels of humidity. Other paints that are suitable for use on asbestos roof sheets include elastomeric roof coatings, acrylic latex coatings and specialised metal and asphalt-based paints.
It's also important to remember that any paint you choose should be resistant to ultraviolet (UV) radiation and water in order to protect your roof from weather damage. Additionally, make sure that the paint is compatible with the type of roof sheet you are using and check the manufacturer's instructions for any specific advice.
What is the safest method for painting over asbestos roof sheets?
The safest way to paint over asbestos roof sheets is to hire a professional who has experience and expertise in dealing with asbestos materials. A professional will be able to assess the condition of the roof and take all necessary safety measures, such as wearing protective clothing and respirators, using high-pressure water blasting or wet-sanding, and disposing of asbestos roof tiles in line with local regulations. Hiring a professional also ensures that only paints specifically designed for use on asbestos materials are used, which can provide an extra layer of safety against hazardous fibres being released into the air.
It's also important to make sure that you follow any additional instructions provided by the manufacturer when it comes to applying the paint. Any paints used should be applied in thin, even coats and allowed to dry thoroughly before any further coats are added. This will help to ensure that the roof is adequately protected and free from the risk of hazardous particles entering the air.
What are some viable options for covering asbestos roof sheets without painting over them?
If painting over asbestos roof sheets is not an option for you, there are other viable alternatives that can protect your roof from the elements and reduce the risk of exposure to hazardous fibres.
- One such option is to install new corrugated sheeting over your existing asbestos roof, as this will help to shield it from the elements and prevent any fibres from becoming airborne.
- Another alternative is to install a rubber membrane on top of the asbestos roof sheets; this will seal them in place and provide protection against moisture, ultraviolet radiation and wind damage.
- Finally, if you'd like to replace your existing asbestos roof altogether but don't want to go through the hassle of removing it first, you could consider installing a metal or asphalt roof directly over the top of it.
In conclusion, it is not safe to paint over asbestos roof sheets without taking the necessary safety measures and using paints specifically designed for use on asbestos materials. If you're looking for a viable alternative, installing a new corrugated sheeting or rubber membrane, or installing a metal or asphalt roof directly over the top of your existing roof are all good options. It's important to consider all of your options carefully and, if in doubt, consult with an expert who has experience working with asbestos materials.
Here at Budget Roof Painting, we have the expertise and experience to safely paint over asbestos roof sheets. We only ever use paints specifically designed for use on asbestos materials, and take all necessary safety measures when working with these hazardous materials. Contact us today to find out more about our services and how we can help you.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
The O'Donnell Foundation is devoted to building model programs to enhance the quality of education.
How to secure your Java and still run simulations
|School / Organization||Wake Technical Community College|
|Keywords||Pendulum, Potential Energy, Kinetic Energy|
|Description||Analyzes the potential and kinetic energy exchanges for a swinging pendulum. Also connects centripetal acceleration and force to the swinging pendulum.|
What do you think about this activity? How did you use it or change it for your class? Professionally constructive comments welcome.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Catalogue Number: N7Q-Y7ZS
- Author: Lisa Kniveton,Lindsey Anderson,Alice Avenell
- Format: Paperback
- Publisher: Pearson Education Limited
- Published: 18 May 2011
- ISBN: 9780435047559
Buy on Tesco Direct from:
Clubcard Boost now on Make your vouchers go further
How does it work?
- Your vouchers are waiting for you at the Tesco direct checkout
- Add the vouchers you want to use and they will double automatically
- The value of your Boost vouchers will be taken from your order, saving you money
Bonus: If the value of your Boost vouchers is more than your order, you'll receive the difference in Clubcard points!Continue shopping
* Covers nine of the most popular mandatory and optional units across VRQs and NVQs so learners can be confident that they have covered the required knowledge for their chosen course. * Coverage of generic units, such as Health and Safety, in the context of nails making the knowledge and theory relevant to the learners' chosen nail course. * Colourful design packed with glossy step-by-step photos and case studies to really inspire and motivate learners. * The learning activities and assessment guidance within the book help learners check their knowledge and prepare for assessment.


text:
The effect, acceptable or unacceptable, of an incident on a system, operation, schedule, or cost. Unacceptable impact is impact deemed, by the system owner goals, as severe enough to degrade an essential mission, capability, function, or system causing an unacceptable result. Like impact, unacceptable impact refers to the total system and all areas of operational concern, not just confidentiality.
In Symantec Intruder Alert, an organization or group of Agents. ITA policies are applied to domains. Agents can belong to more than one domain.
This field rates the impact of a vulnerability on a scale of 0 (low) to 10 (high). The numerical value is determined by a formula based on the value of the security properties lost, the privilege obtained, and the objects affected.


Swahili/Lesson One
From Wikibooks, open books for an open world
< Swahili
Jump to: navigation, search
Tourist Greetings[edit]
(Taken from _URL_
This is a word that means "hello". The answer to this is just to repeat the word back to the person whom you are talking to. "Jambo!"
Are you fine? This is how you ask that question. Again, to answer this, one simply repeats the word: "Salama!"
Mambo Vipi?
How are things? To answer this, you could respond with, "Salama", meaning fine, or with Safi or Poa tu, which mean cool.
Habari gani?
How are you? To answer this, just reply with the words listed above, or "Nzuri", which is good.
Authentic Greetings[edit]
How are you?
Sijambo! -I am fine.
How are you? (Plural)
Hatujambo -We are fine.
My respects. (To an older person)
Marahaba -Thank you
Hujambo? "How are you?" (lit. What things?)
Sijambo "I am fine"
Unaendeleaje? "How's it going?" (lit. How are you going?)
Unaitwa nani? "What is your name?" (lit. Who are you called?)
Ninaitwa Mustafa."My name is Mustafa."
Habari za Mohammed? "How is Mohammed?" (lit. News of Mohammed?)
Nzuri. "Good."
Habari za asubuhi? "How are you this morning?"
Personal pronouns[edit]
Mimi I
Wewe you
Yeye he/she
Sisi we
Nyinyi/ninyi You
Wao they


text:
When standard lens solution are not providing the optimal field of view at the desired working distance, lens adapters can be used. On the bottom there is an explanation how lens adapters work.
C/CS mount to M12 adapters
The C or CS mount to M12 lens adapters are used to mount M12 lenses on a C-mount or CS-mount camera. M12 lenses are cheaper, compacter and have less weight. In some applications there parameters are critical. Without this adapter it's not possible to mount a M12 lens on a C or CS-mount industrial camera.
M12 or C-mount extension rings
Extensionrings are used to shorten the minimum working distance of a C-mount or M12 lens. Most industrial lenses have a working distance of 100mm or higher. By adding extension rings, this distance can be reduced. When reducing the working distance, the depth of field is also reduced. Adding extension rings willl reduce the optical performance of the lens and the light sensitivity. Therefore M12 or C-mount extension rings are only used in specific industrial applications.
Focal length extender
With a focal length extender you can extend the focal length of the lens by a factor 2 or 4. By using this focal length extender in combination with a 35 or 50 or 75mm c-mount lens you can make focal lenghts of 70mm, 100mm, 150mm, 200mm and 300mm.


text: The impact of drought on tree water use was investigated in remnant forest in the Liverpool Plains NSW. Tree water use was measured using commercial sap flow testers from December 2002 to September 2004 which corresponded with a period of drought and a period of higher rainfall. Understorey evapotranspiration and soil moisture were also measured. Water use of the stand of trees was a larger proportion of annual total rainfall (87%) during the drought period than during the post-drought period (50% water use) when rainfall was higher. Understorey water use was about 20% of rainfall, suggesting that the understorey evapotranspiration component of the water balance can make a significant contribution to water use and the availability of water for groundwater recharge. The results indicate that the remnant forest was able to survive during the drought because of deep roots. The findings also demonstrate the valuable role forests play in maintaining the hydrological balance and in ameliorating the development of dryland salinity in agricultural areas (A).


February 28th, 2009
TECH TIP: Picatinny vs. Weaver Rail Specifications
Readers often ask "What's the difference between a Weaver scope rail and a Picatinny Rail?" The answer is not as simple as it seems. The dimensions of a Picatinny Rail should be consistent (from one rail-maker to another), since there IS a government spec. Conversely, there is some variance in "Weaver-style" rails. The width of the groove is the most important difference between Picatinny Rails and weaver rails. "Mil-spec" Picatinny rails will have a grove width of 0.206″ while Weaver rails typically have a narrower, 0.180″ groove width.
Brownell's has a helpful GunTech Article that discusses the Picatinny Rail vs. Weaver Rail. That article explains:
"What are the differences between the 'Picatinny' and the 'Weaver' systems? The profile of the two systems is virtually identical. Depending on the quality of the machining done by the manufacturer, the two systems should be indistinguishable from the profile. The key difference lies in the placement of the recoil grooves and with width of the grooves. MIL-STD-1913 (Picatinny) grooves are.206″ wide and have a center-to-center width of.394". The placement of these grooves has to be consistent in order for it to be a true 'Picatinny'MIL-STD system. Weaver systems have a.180" width of recoil groove and are not necessarily consistent in a center-to-center measurement from one groove to the next.
In many instances, a Weaver system has a specific application that it is machined for, so interchangeability is not necessarily an issue. A MIL-STD-1913 system must adhere to the specifications listed above in order for it to be considered MIL-STD, since the military desires uniformity in the recoil grooves to allow for different systems to be mounted on the weapon with no concern for compatibility.
Now, what does this mean to you? Boiled down, it means that accessories designed for a Weaver system will, in most cases, fit on a 'Picatinny' system. The reverse, however, is probably not the case. Due to the larger recoil groove, 'Picatinny' accessories will not fit a Weaver system. There are, of course, exceptions to every rule, but for a good rule-of-thumb, [full-width] 'Picatinny' won't fit Weaver, but Weaver will fit 'Picatinny'."
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Quick Answer: How Much Does It Cost To Install A Beam?
What happens if you remove a load bearing wall?
Removing a load bearing wall may create structural problems in a home, including sagging ceilings, unleveled floors, drywall cracks and sticking doors.
Removal of load bearing walls without properly supporting the load they're carrying may occasionally result in a structural collapse and even injury..
How much does it cost to put a support beam in a house?
A load-bearing support beam costs $5 to $20 per foot on average, or between $50 and $200 per foot installed. Support beam materials other than steel include engineered beams like LVL or Glulam, wood, and concrete. LVL beams cost $3 to $12 per foot, while wood beams run $5 to $20.
How do you size a load bearing beam?
Multiply the loading per square foot by the area in square feet of the surface which the beams will be supporting. Divide by the number of beams which will be installed to get the loading per beam.
How long can a support beam be?
Measure your total span between members and ensure that it is not greater than 60 feet. Because of transport limitations, the maximum standard length for manufactured beams is sixty feet.
How much does it cost for a load bearing beam?
Load-Bearing Support Beam Cost A load-bearing support beam costs between $3 and $35 per linear foot, with most homeowners spending $10 to $15 per linear foot. A laminated veneer lumber (LVL) beam costs $60 to $300 on average without installation.
Are ceiling beams expensive?
If you're building from scratch and want real beams, expect to pay an additional 10 to 15 percent more for your home. Real beams cost more than standard framing lumber, and because they're heavy and unwieldy, labor costs to install them are also higher.
What size beam do I need to span 30 feet?
Re: I-beam size 30′ span I would design this with the beam in the 24′ dimension. Most span tables will allow much more than 15′ for 2″ x 12″ joists of almost any species commonly used for construction. A 24′ beam can probably be a GluLam using standard joist hangers for the joists.
Should ceiling beams match floor?
If you have hardwood floors in your living room, it may be tempting to match your ceiling beams with them. … Matching the colors of your ceiling beams with the floor can help unify the visual impact of a space, but it might also create a flat, monotone effect in some cases as well.
How much does it cost to install a wood beam?
The national average materials cost to install decorative beams is $7.49 per linear foot, with a range between $6.72 to $8.26….Install Decorative Beams national average cost.cost to install decorative beamsNational Avg. Cost (materials & labor) for 100 linear foot$1,812.872 more rows
How much does it cost to remove a load bearing wall and install a beam?
How long can a beam span without support?
A 2×8 up to 12 feet; 2×10 to 15 feet and 2×12 to 18 feet. The larger the deck, the larger the joists.
What is the difference between an H beam and an I beam?
I Beams – unsurprisingly, I beams are shaped like the letter 'I'. However, contrary to steel H beams, I beams consist of two horizontal plates (otherwise known as flanges), connected by a vertical component (the web). I beams also have tapered edges and a slightly higher cross-section, compared to the flange width.
How big of a beam do I need to span 20 feet?
How far can you span a triple 2×12 beam?
Joist SpansSouthern Pine3-2X1012′-9″3-2X1215′-0″Douglas Fir-Larch, Hem-Fir, Spruce-Pine-Fir, Redwood, Cedars, Ponderosa Pine, Red Pine3X6 OR 2-2X65′-2″3X8 OR 2-2X86′-7″17 more rows
Do ceiling beams make a room look smaller?
The Long and Short of It. Beams running the length of the room make a short room seem longer. In a small house, or just as an afterthought of a bedroom or guest room, install beams parallel to the longest walls to emphasize the stretch of space.
Are ceiling beams in style?


text:
Mangan's Gypsum is an excellent conditioner for improving the structure of hard clay soil and is used extensively as a soil additive and plant food. It increases solubility to ensure fast acting, long lasting results.
Our gypsum is environmentally friendly and can be spread at any time of the year. When applied correctly it does not affect the pH of the soil and is not harmful to humans or animals.
As application rates vary according to the nutrients already present in the soil, we encourage you to speak to our team of specialists who can assist you in your planning.
For further information please call The Mangan Group on (03) 5021 4565 or email _EMAIL_
SOME BENEFITS OF APPLYING
MANGAN'S NATURAL GYPSUM
- Lowers bulk compactness of soil and improves soil composition
- Increases water penetration and aeration and affords root growth
- When combined with organics changes hard compact soil and clay into open, workable soil
- Helps restore the proper calcium, magnesium ratio
- Reduces subsoil acidity
- Assists with the control of erosion
- Assists plants to take in nutrients and regulates heavy metal toxicity
- When added helps prevent clay particles from clinging to the roots of crops like potatoes, carrots and garlic
- An economical method to resolve salty soils
- The calcium in gypsum works as a controller of the balance of the micro nutrients like iron, zinc, manganese and copper in plants


Calorific value
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
These pieces of charcoal have a calorific value of 7543 KCal/kg. They burned for almost 4 hours.
The calorific value of a substance is the amount of energy that is released when burning a given amount of the substance. This energy is released in the form of heat, when the substance is burned in standard conditions.


text:
Naua is a cursive or connective syllabic alphabet invented by Carl
Buck and used to write Kala, a conlang also invented by Carl Buck.
Naua is the primary script for Kala and is adapted from Ajan,
which was originally created around 2002 and inspired by Nüshu.
- Type of writing system: quasi-featural as the shapes of the consonants and vowel diacritics are meant to relay phonetic information. For instance, all sounds pronounced with the lips ("labial" sounds) have some element in common.
- Direction of writing: vertically in columns running left to right.
- Number of symbols: 14 consonant syllables and 9 basic diacritics that can be combined in numerous ways.
- "Naua" means 'rope; to tie' in Kala and refers to the appearance of the script and its resemblance to a rope, or thread.
Where ~ appears, it indicates free variation between phonemes.
Naua brush strokes and direction
Naua writing method
- The graphemes for pa and ka.
- Combining these renders pak.
- Adding a koli, or "tail" renders paka.
- Diacritic marks for /e/ and /o/ render peko /ˈpeː.ko/.
- Marks the labialization of /p/; /ˈpʷaː.ki/
- Shows the palatalization of /k/ and demonstrates two diacritics on one glyph; /ˈpaː.kʲo/, pakyo.
- The nasalization mark is shown on the ka syllable to render /ˈpun.ka/ or /ˈpuŋ.ka/, punka.
- The nasalization mark is shown on the initial glyph and demonstrates two diacritics on one glyph; /ˈᵐpoː.ka/, mpoka.
The conventional link between glyphs does not always occur. There are eight constructions which use the koli to link glyphs that do not fit together in the standard way. When writing a word that begins with a vowel glyph that is followed by a na or nya, a koli is used instead of the zero consonant symbol. This is the only occasion that a koli will be marked with a vowel diacritic.
Higher numbers in Naua
Sample text in Naua
kua tlana tsiya ma'a katsi ma kueli itlo nasa kam tlitsi ma toya yoha ma kanku ma'a tsaku te takun ketahe
all human free with dignity and rights equal born 3PL reasoning and conscience possess and 3PL. RECP with idea of brotherhood behave.NEC
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.
They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards
one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
(Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights)
Useful phrases in Kala
If you have any questions about Naua, you can contact Carl at: cfbuckjr[at]gmail[dot]com
Writing systems by Carl Buck
Other writing systems invented by visitors to this site
Learn Chinese Characters with the Omniglot Chinese app


History Stories
Edwin Brown was wasting away. For the better part of two years, he grew increasingly thin and weak. As tuberculosis ravaged the once-strapping young man in March 1892, Edwin struggled to breathe as he continually coughed up blood. He had sought a cure in the rarified air and mineral waters of Colorado Springs, Colorado, but the 18-month trip offered no healing powers and only left him homesick for a small town in America's tiniest state.
Edwin Brown returned home to Exeter, Rhode Island, where his father tilled the soil as a Yankee farmer. George Brown had watched helplessly as the disease known as "consumption" took the lives of his wife, Mary Brown, in 1883 followed by his 20-year-old daughter, Mary Olive, six months later. While his only son grew weaker and weaker in the winter of 1892, tuberculosis also took his 19-year-old daughter, Mercy Lena Brown, who passed away after a year of sickness on January 19, 1892.
The disease that took three members of George Brown's family was the top killer of its time in the 18th and 19th centuries, particularly in New England. Tuberculosis passed easily between people in close quarters, which is why it tended to sweep through entire families such as the Browns.
vampire dictionary
Credit: catscandotcom/iStockphotos.com
While the disease was all too common for the townspeople of Exeter, what happened next certainly wasn't. In 1892, tuberculosis was still poorly understood. It wasn't widely known what caused the disease or how it spread. Doctors were unable to explain the wave of sickness washing over George Brown's family, but relatives and friends thought they knew where they could find the cause—6 feet under.
With medical science failing to help Edwin Brown, distraught Exeter residents turned to superstition and the supernatural in a desperate attempt to save his life. Two hundred years after the Salem Witch Trails, a vampire hysteria gripped the New England town. A group of Exeter residents believed that Edwin's mother or one of his sisters may be undead—caught between heaven and hell—and sucking the life out of him from beyond the grave, which meant the cure could rest with their bodies.
With the extremely reluctant blessing of George Brown, who at first discounted the vampire theory, his relatives and neighbors visited the Brown family plot in the town's Chestnut Hill Cemetery on March 17, 1892. In the small graveyard behind the town's Baptist church, they exhumed the bodies of Mary Brown and Mary Olive Brown. They opened the caskets and, as would be expected, found only their bones inside.
The townspeople then turned their attention to the casket of Mercy Brown, who had died eight weeks earlier. Accounts differ as to whether Mercy's body had already been buried or if it rested in a crypt until the ground could thaw and undertakers could dig a grave. However, when the lid was lifted off of Mercy's coffin, her body was found on her side. Her face appeared flush, and there was blood in her heart and in her veins.
Mercy Brown's gravestone
Mercy Brown's gravestone
Dr. Harold Metcalf, who had raised his objection to the entire affair, assured everyone that the lack of decomposition of Mercy's body was perfectly consistent with the fact that she had been dead for less than two months. Knowing that medicine had done nothing to save the Browns, the people of Exeter ignored the doctor's proclamations and took the presence of fresh blood in Mercy's heart as a sign that she was undead.
They gathered firewood and kindled a bonfire on a pile of nearby rocks. Then they cut out Mercy's heart and lungs and cremated them on the pyre. They returned to Edwin Brown's house with the ashes of his dead sister's heart and mixed them with water. Edwin consumed the concoction, but the tuberculosis continued to consume him. He died two months later on May 2, 1892.
This was not the first time the folk remedy of burning the organs of the dead and mixing the ashes into an elixir for the sick had been tried in Rhode Island, even in Exeter. In 1799, the townspeople exhumed the body of Sarah Tillinghast, suspecting her of being a vampire. Author Diana Ross McCain reports there were 18 documented instances of the exhumation of family members in suspected vampire cases throughout New England in the 18th and 19th century, but the case of Mercy Brown would be the last.
After digging up Mercy Brown, the townspeople buried her heartless body into the ground of Chestnut Hill Cemetery where under a weathered tombstone she now rests in peace.


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In a video highlighting her research in plastic electronics, Princeton engineering professor Yueh-Lin (Lynn) Loo describes some of the potentially life-changing uses for these malleable materials.
Play the "Plastic Electronics" video
Video stills courtesy of Volker Steger
Video feature: 'Plastic Electronics'
Posted October 14, 2010; 12:00 p.m.
New developments in plastic electronics potentially could change the quality of human life in a wide range of ways, according to Princeton engineering professor Yueh-Lin (Lynn) Loo.
"Imagine tinted windows that can also generate power during the day," Loo says in this video highlighting her research in plastic electronics. "Imagine disposable sensors that would change color if the water source is contaminated, or yet think of smart plastic patches that can monitor your health and deliver medication when you're sick. The possibilities are endless."
Loo was one of five young scientists who spoke in September at the World Economic Forum's "Annual Meeting of the New Champions" in Tianjin, China. She is an associate professor in the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering.
Loo's research is funded by the National Science Foundation, the Office of Naval Research and the Sloan Foundation. This video was funded by a grant from the High Meadows Foundation.
Loo and her laboratory group investigate how the unique attributes of plastics, including their light weight, mechanical flexibility and low cost, can be incorporated into electronics.


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Argentine National Observatory
|Astronomical Observatory of Córdoba|
|Organization||National University of Córdoba|
|Location||Córdoba Province, Argentina|
Observatorio Astronómico de Córdoba
The Argentine National Observatory, today the Astronomical Observatory of Córdoba, was founded on 24 October 1871, by Argentine president Domingo F. Sarmiento and the North American astronomer Benjamin Apthorp Gould.
Its creation is the beginning of astronomical studies in Argentina. When the president Domingo F. Sarmiento was representing his country in the United States, He had the opportunity to meet the pioneering astronomer Benjamin Apthorp Gould, who was very interested in travel to Argentina in order to study the stellar south hemisphere.
Once Sarmiento was already installed as president of Argentina, he invited the eminent scientist to travel to Argentina in 1869, to provide his full support to organize an observatory. Gould arrived in Buenos Aires in 1870. The same night of the inauguration of the Astronomical Observatory of Cordoba, Gould began with the naked eye, later with the aid of small binoculars, a map of the southern sky, with more than 7000 stars recorded, that was published under the name of Uranometría Argentina.
Gould was director of the observatory until 1885, that year he return to United States. Among his works on the observatory, we must mention its Catálogo de Zonas (1884), which was registered more than 70,000 stars of the southern hemisphere, and the Argentinian General Catalog which contains about 35,000 stars whose positions were established with very good accuracy. Other important issue was the first stellar photographs taken in the world at this observatory. For this work were taken hundreds of sheets of open star clusters in the southern hemisphere, which was subsequently determined the positions of each stars. This was the first systematic and large-scale astronomy book published using the photographic technique. It was published in 1897 under the name Fotografías Cordobesas.


Building Location
Building Location and GHG Impact
Commuting by office workers accounts for 30% more energy use than a building uses for meeting its energy needs (e.g. heating, cooling, lighting, etc.) This may well exceed the energy savings realized by a green building. [1]
Transportation energy intensity is recently being proposed as a metric of building performance. It is the amount of energy associated with getting people to and from a building. Location is the most critical element to reducing transportation energy intensity and thus the GHGs emitted as a result of your operations. [1]
Location of local government buildings should be given greater attention and should be a key consideration when evaluating building performance.
[1] Alex Wilson and Rachel Navaro, (2007). Driving to Green Buildings: The Transportation Energy Intensity of Buildings., Page 1.


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Reliable Industries is considering the construction of a power plant investment in India. Reliable analysts calculate that the cost of building the plant is $600 million, and the IRR of the plant is 13%. The analysts also estimate that given the experience of building the first plant, a second plant can be built for $550 million, and additional plants can be built for $500 million each.
1. How would you go about evaluating whether to build or not to build this power plant in India?
2. Are you evaluating a project or a strategy?
3. How does the risk associated with the power plant strategy compare with the risk associated with the individual power plants?


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across settings with specific skills. For example, being able to use different materials for the same concept, adapting to instructions being worded differently etc. This is an important factor in some children needing repetition and review with a generalization target in mind – parents and teachers can assist with generalisation by providing some variety and flexibility to situations, learning materials and language used.
It is important that parents and teachers work together to support the child. Setting up an Individualised Educational Plan (IEP) means that everyone can target specific goals and new goals can be set once a level of achievement is met. How these goals are targeted is an important area of discussion – it does not generally mean that everyone has to do something in exactly the same way but there may be some common factors involved to assist the child to make connections – for example, when first working with basic addition it may be that the same key terms are used by everyone – "plus" "altogether" but different materials are used – one person uses counters, another uses dots on paper etc. Once the concept is developed, the next challenge would be to use a wider range of key terms for the concept.


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In parts of Gaelic Scotland and Ireland, the last sheaf of wheat harvested from the fields was brought indoors and feted as the Cailleach, or the Old Woman, the primordial woman of winter. A 6/8 jig still popular among Scottish folk musicians, especially pipers is called Cailleach an Dudain (The Cailleach of the Mill-dust). Nineteenth century Gaelic ethnographer Alexander Carmichael wrote a large footnote about this distinct dance in his seminal work, the Carmina Gadelica:
This is a curious character-dance. The writer got it performed for him several times.
It is danced by a man and a woman. The man has a rod in his right hand, variously called 'slachdan druidheachd,' druidic wand, 'slachdan geasachd,' magic wand. The man and the woman gesticulate and attitudinise before one another, dancing round and round, in and out, crossing and recrossing, changing and exchanging places. The man flourishes the wand over his own head and over the head of the woman, whom lie touches with the wand, and who fills down, as if dead, at his feet. He bemoans his dead 'carlin,' dancing and gesticulating round her body. He then lifts up her left hand, and looking into the palm, breathes upon it, and touches it with the wand. Immediately the limp hand becomes alive and moves from side to side and up and down. The man rejoices, and dances round the figure on the floor. And having done the same to the right hand, and to the left and right foot in succession, they also become alive and move. But although the limbs are living, the body is still inert. The man kneels over the woman and breathes into her mouth and touches her heart with the wand. The woman comes to life and springs up, confronting the man. Then the two dance vigorously and joyously as in the first part. The tune varies with the varying phases of the dance.
It is played by a piper or a fiddler, or sung as a 'port-a-bial,' mouth tune, by a looker-on, or by the performers themselves. The air is quaint and irregular, and the words are curious and archaic. In hisWest Highland Tales Iain F. Campbell of Islay mentions that he saw 'cailleach an dudain' danced in the house of Lord Stanley of Alderley. He does not say by whom it was danced, but probably it was by the gifted narrator himself. In October 1871, Mr. Campbell spent some time with the writer and his wife in Uist. When driving him to Lochmaddy, at the conclusion of his stay, I mentioned that there were two famous dancers of 'cailleach an dudain' at Clachan-a-ghluip. We went to their bothy, but they were away. The neighbours told us that they were in the direction of Lochmaddy. When we reached there we went in search of them, but were unsuccessful. Some hours afterwards, as I was coming up from the shore after seeing Mr. Campbell on board the packet for Dunvegan, I saw the two women racing down the hill, their long hair and short dresses flying wildly in tlie wind. They had heard that we had been inquiring for them. But it was too late. The packet, with Mr. Campbell on board, was already hoisting her sails and heaving her anchor.


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Individual differences |
Methods | Statistics | Clinical | Educational | Industrial | Professional items | World psychology |
Biological: Behavioural genetics · Evolutionary psychology · Neuroanatomy · Neurochemistry · Neuroendocrinology · Neuroscience · Psychoneuroimmunology · Physiological Psychology · Psychopharmacology (Index, Outline)
Camino is a free, open source diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) image reconstruction toolkit written in Java. It includes all major diffusion reconstruction techniques such as diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), q-ball and PAS-MRI, as well as white matter tractography algorithms.
The name Camino is derived from the Spanish word Camino meaning route or track. Unfortunately, the same word in Italian means fireplace, which has little to do with diffusion image reconstruction.
The software is designed for Unix-like systems such as Linux, Cygwin (a Unix-style interface for Windows) and Mac OS X. The Java commands are wrapped with Bash shell scripts, which are documented by man pages. The various tools are designed to facilitate a pipeline approach to diffusion image processing.
Some of Camino's features are:
- Reconstruction techniques including:
- Fitting the Diffusion Tensor (DT) to diffusion-weighted MRI data.
- Standard scalar measures, such as FA and Tr(D).
- Fitting 2 and 3-tensor models.
- Advanced reconstruction algorithms including RESTORE, q-ball, and maximum-entropy spherical deconvolution (including PAS-MRI).
- Data synthesis
- Generate synthetic data from standard diffusion tensors.
- Generate synthetic data from full diffusion tensor images.
- Generate synthetic data from other models of diffusion within restricting media.
- Generate synthetic data by Monte-Carlo simulation of diffusion within restricting geometries.
- Deterministic and probabilistic tractography (PICo), including:
- Tractography and connectivity mapping with single and multiple tensor models.
- Waypoints and multiple-ROI processing.
- Output connection probability maps, or save streamlines in raw binary or OOGL (GeomView) format.
- PAS-PICo and Q-Ball PICo
- DT image warping
- Preservation of principal directions (PPD)
- Finite strain approximation
- Useful sets of gradient directions for diffusion MRI acquisition protocols.
- Electrostatic point sets
- Ordered point sets for improved realignment and partial acquisition.
- Full documentation via
- Unix man pages
- A variety of tutorials illustrating common tasks
- Standard javadoc for the source code.
Diffusion MRI is an MR imaging modality which is capable of measuring the bulk diffusive motion of water in biological systems non-invasively. Although primarily used as a research tool, Diffusion MRI is slowly finding a niche in clinical environments. Since the invention of Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI), the field has grown rapidly to encompass a large number of applications, particularly in neuroimaging.
In order to address shortcomings of the original DTI technique, several novel reconstruction algorithms have been proposed capable of resolving more complex microstructure from diffusion scan data. Additionally, tractography techniques based on these reconstruction methods have multiplied in number and complexity. Camino is an attempt to unify this important body of work under a single framework and enable researchers to investigate these new techniques.
The Camino TeamEdit
Camino is developed and maintained by a team of researchers at University College London's Centre for Medical Image Computing. The Camino team is led by Daniel Alexander. Other Camino developers are Phil Cook, Matt Hall, Kiran Seunarine, Shahrum Nedjati-Gilani, Bai Yu, Phillip Batchelor and Laura Panagiotaki.
|This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia (view authors).|


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Links to blogs and models, partly coming from the discussion forum:
New formats for publishing science:Modular formats for Science Publishing:
Basically, these propose to go to a more granular level of the scientific paper; aka'smallest publishable unit' being smaller than the size of a full paper.
Modeling Science (Especially Biology) as Triples:
- Modular Physics Paper: University of Amsterdam (1999).
A modular form for Physics papers: by investigating a collection of papers, a more fine-grained structure for science papers and an extensive relationships taxonomy is proposed
- LiquidPub. EU Project, U Trento and others (2008- 2011)
A 'liquid' format for science papers is proposed, that consists of a set of research objects, connected by links.
- 'Coarse-grained rhetorical structure', work done in the HCLS SiG of the W3C, 2009 - now.
This group aims to define a 'rhetorical structure' for scientific papers, to use in authoring or mark-up tools. They are trying to come to a definition of such a format; have an intermediary proposal of their own and are beginning to make an overview of existing publisher's proposals.
- The abcde format - Utrecht University, 2007
The abcde format is a proposal for a simple, structured format for conference papers in computer science, that is based on LaTeX. Each paper consists of three sections: Background, Contribution, and Discussion, and three added elements: A = Annotation, Dublin Core annotation; E = Entities, these are RDF-formatted entities of interest, including references, and (no contribution to the acronym) Core Sentences: these are sentences that are marked up by the author to be core elements. They can be extracted to form a structured abstract.
- Nanopublications - NBIC, the Netherlands Bioinformatics Centre
The notion of a 'nanopublication' is basically a general scientific assertion, written using semantic-web standard formats with additional meta-data concerning provenance.
The main idea is that science should be represented as a set of triples. There is a special interest in this representation within biology and life sciences. Some intiiatives include:
Hypothesis/Claim-Based representation of the Argument Structure of a Scientific Paper:
- The Structured Digital Abstract, Seringhaus/Gerstein, 2008
This paper basically proposes to include a'structured XML-readable summary of pertinent facts'
- FEBS Letters SDA, 2008 - now
The journal FEBS Letters adds curator-created triples on Protein-Protein interaction to every appropriate paper
- CWA Nanopublications - 2010
The Concept Web Alliance proposes to model scientific research as sets of triples; the first definition of the format The Anatomy of a Nanopublication has just been published
These projects all start with the assumption that a scientific paper is, at heart, a persuasive text that makes a number of claims, that are backed by research data and references. The paper is then represented with a set of hypotheses, linked to evidence (in the form of data or references)
Semantic Publishing Initiatives and enriched forms of publication
- Cohere, KMI, 2007- now
The Cohere project, which builds on the earlier 'ClaiMaker' project, offers a web-based interface to create claims, hypotheses, or statements, and relate these to other claims using an open set of relationships. It is usable for science, but also for structuring online debateson other topics.
- SWAN, Alzheimer's Network, Harvard IIC, 2006 - now:
The SWAN project adds a collection of hand-curated hypotheses to a research paper, which are then related through a set of discourse relationships. They can be browsed and relations between claims, as well as support networks for a specific claim, are made and visualised.
- SALT, DERI, 2008
SALT is a LaTeX-based authoring tool that allows authors to identify Rhetorical Structure Theory (RST-)relations between sentences in their paper. It offers the author the opportunity to define main and secondary (sattelite) sentences and create relations between them.
- aTags, DERI, 2009- now
aTags aTags ("associative tags") are snippets of HTML that capture the information that is most important to you in a machine-readable, interlinked format. aTags works with any Web text and can store and connect any textual element that is highlighted in a browser.
- Hypotheses in Biology, UvA, 2009
A methodology and set of proto-ontologies in OWL for capturing different aspects of a text mining experiment: the biological hypothesis, text and documents, text mining, and workflow provenance.
- HyBrow, Stanford, 2008
A prototype bioinformatics tool for designing hypotheses and evaluating them for consistency with existing knowledge
- HypER: 2009 - now
HypER Is an ad-hoc group of researchers who all represent scientific communications as a set of hypotheses, with relations to evidence. It includes representatives of LiquidPub, Cohere, SWAN, SALT, aTags and abcde work. The main focus of HypER has shifted to the W3C HCLS work on Scientific Discourse structures.
- The Semantic Biochemical Journal - 2010:
Using Utopia, an innovative PDF reader, this allows enrichment of the PDF with interactive figures and active data
- Article of the Future, Cell, 2009:
Tabbed and hyperlinked presentation of the article; Graphical Abstract and Highlights on the landing page
- Prospect, Royal Society of Chemistry, 2009:
RSC editors annotate compounds, concepts and data within the articles and linking these to additional electronic resources such as biological databases
- Adventures in Semantic Publishing, Oxford U, 2009:
A hand-marked up version of paper in Epidemiology with data enhancements and better browsing and reference linking
- Open Access journals published by Pensoft come with semantic enhancements. Example: PhytoKeys.
Authoring Tools that support semantic applications
Rhetorical relations between scientific papers:
Various efforts to create relationship taxonomies/links between citing/cited papers:
- SWAN/SIOC/CIto alignment, 2010, HCLS SiG of W3C:
This is an effort to align two citation relationship ontologies: SWAN, used for the SWAN project and SIOC
Two other ontologies are being considered: CiTO and relations to the publisher-centric PRISM standard
- OpenCitations.org: Modelling literature citations as RDF (2010 onward)
A public RDF triplestore of biomedical literature citations encoded as Open Linked Data, and characterized using CiTO, the Citation Typing Ontology.
Structuring Methods and Experiments:
- this is the precursor of the Cohere work; the relationship ontology is available in RDF
Several initiatives aim to structure Methods and Experiments to include in papers. Some of these include:
Computational Linguistics/Text Mining Efforts:
- My Experiment:
a platform to create and exchange experimental workflow components
- Knowledge Engineering from Experimental Design (KEfED)
A structured way of constructing 'observational assertions' based on statistical relationships from experiments. The model is general-purpose and forms a basis for reasoning over experimental data.
- Ontology of Biomedical Investigation
A broad-based community effort to develop an ontology that provides a representation for biomedical experiments.
Investigation/Study/Assay (ISA) infrastructure is a general-purpose format and freely available desktop software suite targeted to curators and experimentalists that assists in management of experimental metadata, engages with minimum information checklists and ontologies and formats studies for submission to international public repositories (ENA for genomics, PRIDE for proteomics and ArrayExpress for transcriptomics).
- VisTrails: an open-source data analysis and visualization tool that supports the creation of documents whose results have deep captions that point to their provenance, and thus can be reproduced and verified. Provenance-rich results derived by VisTrails can be included in LaTeX, Wiki, Microsoft Word and PowerPoint documents.
- crowdLabs: a platform for sharing and executing computational tasks
There is a large amount of work in this area, a few projects include:
- Hypothesis identification at Xerox:
Using the Xerox Integrated Parser, trying to find key statements in biology research papers
- Argumentational Zoning, work by Simone Teufel and others:
- In-Context Summaries, Macquarie University in Australia:
Providing a summary of referred-to materials, weighted by the referring sentence
- Metaknowledge annotation of biomedical events, NaCTeM, University of Manchester
- Annotation of interpretative information for biomedical events along 5 different dimesions: Knowledge Type (fact, analysis, observation, etc), Certainty Level, Polarity, Manner and Source.
- Automatic recogntion of sentence types in biomedical abstracts (Tsujii lab, University of Tokyo) - title, conclusion, method, objective, result - see MEDIE (advanced search) for demo
- GENIA (Tsujii Lab, University of Tokyo) and GREC (NacTeM, University of Manchester)- corpora of anotated with biomedical events - allow systems to be trained to automically idenify and structure relevant information in biomedical documents.
- AcroMine (NaCTeM, University of Manchester) - automtically determines full forms of acronyms
- Linking to biomedical Named Entities in document to related database entries - such links are provided in the BioLexicon. Examples of search engines providing such links are MEDIE and UKPMC
- U-Compare - An integrated text mining/natural language processing system based on the UIMA Framework, allowing documents to


Phuket Pronunciation: How do you pronounce Phuket?
How to pronounce Phuket or Phucket or Puket or Pooket
Here is an unexpected funny question I get often:
How do you pronounce Phuket?
For most of us, it's obvious, so obvious I'm still surprised when someone asks. I thought 2004 tsunami put Phuket and its name on the map once for all. But not… I still hear lots of hesitation, snickering and giggling. Lately some overseas offices called and asked if my residence was in:
"Fooc..." (hesitates)... "Fuuc... " (errrr...) "Faac...kit"? (giggles).
I couldn't help but giggle back at the embarrassed tone, the poor guy wanted to say the 'F' word so bad...
No sir, you just pronounce 'Poo-ket' [pʰuːkɛt] (in Thai: ภูเก็ต), it's that simple! Just like 'Phi Phi' is pronounced 'Pee Pee' and 'Phang Nga' is 'Pang Nga' (and strangely 'Suvarnabhumi' airport is pronounced "Sue-wanna-poom"!)
Phuket or Phucket or Puket or Pooket, you name it...
So where does 'Phuket' come from? It seems to originate from the Malay 'Bukit' (Book it?) which means 'hill', but was previously named 'Thalang' by locals. Thalang is still the name of the north of the island where the original main town was long ago.
In the 17th century when tin mining made Phuket very attractive to the Occident, Europeans called it 'Jungceylon'. Yes that's the origin of the name given to the giant Jungceylon Shopping Mall in Patong, and looking around the shopping center reveals few hints about old Phuket. If you want to know more about Phuket history, you can visit the Tin Mine Museum in Kathu.
All this story is obviously a lame excuse to post these fun photos showing some of Phuket Streets and buildings in the past and how they look like today :-D
Phuket History Photos


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Phytomonas spp. (phytomonads) are a diverse and globally distributed group of unicellular eukaryotes that parasitize a wide range of plants and are transmitted by insect hosts. Here we report the discovery and characterisation of a new species of Phytomonas, named Phytomonas oxycareni n. sp., which was obtained from the salivary glands of the invasive species of true bug Oxycarenus lavaterae (Heteroptera). The new Phytomonas species exhibits a long slender promastigote morphology and can be found both within the lumen of the insect host's salivary glands as well as within the cells of the salivary gland itself. Sampling multiple individuals from the same population post-winter hibernation on two consecutive years revealed that infection was persistent over time. Finally, phylogenetic analyses of small subunit ribosomal RNA genes revealed that this species is sister to other species within the genus Phytomonas, providing new insight into the evolutionary history of the clade.
Original publication
Journal article
Publication Date
71 - 79
Kinetoplastid, Phytomonas, intracellular, phylogeny, trypanosomatid., vector, Animals, Heteroptera, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Microscopy, Electron, Transmission, Phylogeny, RNA, Protozoan, RNA, Ribosomal, 18S, Salivary Glands, Trypanosomatina


text: Although Minnesota appears to have a more than adequate supply of water, that appearance can be misleading. Most cities, including Fridley, obtain their water from aquifers deep in the ground. On average, each resident uses close to 65 gallons per day in their home, and less than 10% of that gets restored to the aquifer. Most city water gets discharged through the wastewater system into rivers and streams, or is lost to evaporation or retained in the topsoil. In cities, the problem of recharging their aquifers is exacerbated by paved surfaces and diminished wetlands. By conserving water now, we can ensure that high quality groundwater will be a sustainable resource long into in the future.


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future, they had "social wisdom" to share, as Botcheva puts it, which kept tension levels down.5
Unsurprisingly, grandmothers often do more for their grandchildren than grandfathers do. "Older women are the neighborhood watch and the neighborhood glue," says Fried. "They're the community purveyor of norms." When older black people in South Africa first started getting pensions from the post-apartheid government that were big enough to live on, the grandchildren who lived with grandmothers—especially the granddaughters—got taller and heavier, which observers took as a sign that they were eating better.6 But when it was the grandfathers who got the pensions, the grandchildren didn't grow at all. That wouldn't surprise economists who work with microfinance lending programs. They have discovered that female borrowers use their loans to improve their children's lot, whereas male borrowers, on the whole, do not.
Not that all grandparents can or want to be useful. As more people in industrialized countries postpone childbearing, parents become grandparents later and have less energy. The divorced ones may have started second or third families of their own. Global mobility puts distance between the generations. Assisted-living facilities segregate the old. Some retirement communities bar children altogether.
But children still need the nurture they once got from their mothers' mothers. So it's worth thinking, along with Fried, about institutions that would give parents and children that grandparental boost. I dream of communal houses or apartment complexes where families could live near grandparents but not right on top of them. That vision gives rise to others, some of them unlikely in our conservative United States, but realities elsewhere: publicly funded day care, better mothers' and children's aid societies, a national version of Fried's experiment of putting older people in schools. These programs would take advantage of our deepening wellspring of senior talent, which would cut costs, make old people happier, and sew up the threadbare bonds among the generations. If we want to keep enjoying the grandmother effect, we'll just have to broaden our idea of what a grandmother can be.


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A plan of a slave ship used to transport enslaved Africans to the Caribbean.
The collection 'Caribbean Views' records an experience that is simultaneously beautiful, terrible, disturbing and exhilarating. Beautiful, because many of the images (both pictures and text) are extraordinary and arresting - snapshots which short-circuit the distance in space and time, placing directly in front of you the look and the feel of landscapes and events from more than 200 years ago - like a memory to which the only access is these images.
It is terrible because the way of life in this memory is marked by a litany of horror, where the most disturbing element is the fact that it was a routine and commonplace way of life. Most of the people who operated and defended its institutions seem more or less indifferent to the suffering they were causing. What is exhilarating about the collection is the story of the fight against slavery, underpinned by the determination with which individuals, subject to the most intense forms of brutality, preserved their humanity and survived to bear witness. Exhilarating again, is the fact that this struggle is matched by individuals on the other side who resist the 'commonsense' consensus of their times with every resource they can command, and commit themselves to asserting the claim of human beings to freedom.
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Edited by Sondra C, Sarah Eliza, Maluniu, The Guy Who Hates Hating and 8 others
Do you feel yourself slipping away from your loved ones? Get closer to them again before it's too late. Your family cares about you loads and loads, so hold on to your relationships.
 1. Become Closer to Your Family Step 1.jpg
 Eat meals together more often. Sit down properly at the table and have a proper meal, no take-away rubbish. Turn off the television and have a chat. Chat about your days, your feelings, your friends, and share thoughts together. Eat slowly and enjoy your food and company.
 2. Become Closer to Your Family Step 2.jpg
 Go on more outings together. Visit a museum and discuss the artifacts. Go on a shopping trip or take a walk in the park. There are so many things to do and see, but make sure that you do things as a family. If your kids love theme parks, but you've never been to one as you hate them, take them as a special treat. It will make them love you more because they'll see that you did something special for them. Likewise, if you love galleries and your kids loathe them, take them once in a while. They might enjoy it as you can get special children's activities.
 3. Become Closer to Your Family Step 3.jpg
 Help each other with daily tasks. Whether it's homework or the washing, help each other out with the tedious chores. You'll get them done quicker and they won't seem quite so dull.
Add your own method
Article Info
Categories: Creating Life Balance
Recent edits by: Hailey Girges, Sbachs, Jeff
Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 8,059 times.
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Having thick, luscious hair is a desire that many people have. Essential oils can be a natural and effective solution if you want to improve your hair's health and growth.
This article explores the best essential oils for hair growth, their safety, how to use them, the benefits they provide, and potential side effects. We'll also share some additional tips to help promote hair growth.
Are They Safe?
Essential oils are strong plant extracts used for different things, including caring for their hair. Some people believe certain essential oils can help hair grow and make the scalp healthier, but it's important to be careful when using them.
Essential oils are strong and can cause problems for some people. Instead, mix them with another type of oil, like coconut or jojoba oil, before putting them on your scalp or hair. This helps reduce the chance of irritation or allergic reactions.
Also, everyone's skin and scalp are different, so what works for one person may not work for another. Therefore, it's a good idea to test a small amount of diluted essential oil on your skin and wait 24 hours to see if any bad reactions happen.
Essential Oils for Hair
Renowned for its rejuvenating properties, rosemary essential oil promotes hair growth and strengthens hair follicles. In addition, it helps combat dandruff and adds shine to your locks, leaving them luscious and healthy.
Infused with a refreshing aroma, peppermint essential oil stimulates the scalp and improves blood circulation, promoting hair growth. It also has a cooling effect that helps soothe itchiness and irritation, making it an ideal choice for maintaining a healthy scalp.
Known for its calming and aromatic properties, lavender essential oil relaxes the mind and nourishes the hair. In addition, it helps balance oil production on the scalp, promoting a healthy environment for hair growth while adding a beautiful floral scent to your hair.
Tea Tree Oil
Renowned for its antifungal and antibacterial properties, tea tree essential oil is an effective remedy for scalp conditions like dandruff and itchiness. In addition, it helps unclog hair follicles, preventing hair loss and promoting a clean and healthy scalp.
Clary Sage Oil
With its natural astringent properties, clary sage essential oil regulates oil production on the scalp, making it beneficial for both dry and oily hair types. It also strengthens the hair strands, reducing breakage and promoting overall hair health.
Cedarwood essential oil is known for improving blood circulation to the scalp, promoting hair growth, and reducing hair loss. It also helps balance oil production, benefiting those with oily scalps or dandruff.
Thyme essential oil is a potent ingredient for maintaining a healthy scalp. It helps improve blood circulation and stimulate hair follicles, promoting growth. Additionally, its antimicrobial properties assist in combating scalp infections and reducing dandruff.
Lemongrass essential oil is highly valued for its ability to strengthen hair follicles, minimize hair loss, and add natural shine to the hair. It also has a refreshing citrus scent that invigorates the senses, providing a pleasant aromatherapy experience during hair care routines.
How to Use Essential Oils
There are several ways to use essential oils for hair growth:
One method is to create a DIY hair mask by mixing a few drops of your chosen essential oil with carrier oils (e.g., grapeseed, jojoba, or coconut oil). Apply the mixture to your scalp and hair, leave it on for a specified time (usually 30 minutes to an hour), and then wash it with a gentle shampoo.
Another option is to add a few drops of essential oil to your regular shampoo or conditioner. This allows you to benefit from the oils every time you wash your hair.
Lastly, you can create a leave-in hair oil by mixing essential oils with a carrier oil and applying it to your hair after washing and towel-drying.
Benefits of Essential Oils for Hair
Essential oils have been used for centuries, including hair care. While scientific research on the benefits of essential oils for hair is limited, some anecdotal evidence suggests that certain essential oils may offer the following benefits:
Promoting Hair Growth: Some essential oils, such as rosemary, lavender, and peppermint oil, are believed to stimulate hair follicles and promote hair growth. In addition, they may improve blood circulation to the scalp, supporting healthier hair growth.
Strengthening Hair: Essential oils like cedarwood, thyme, and ylang-ylang are thought to have strengthening properties that can help reduce hair breakage and improve hair resilience. These oils may also nourish the hair shaft and add shine.
Balancing Scalp Conditions: Essential oils like tea tree oil and lavender oil possess antifungal and antibacterial properties, which can help address scalp conditions like dandruff and itching. They may help soothe irritation, reduce inflammation, and maintain a healthy scalp environment.
Moisturizing and Conditioning: Certain essential oils, such as coconut oil, argan oil, and jojoba oil, are known for their moisturizing and conditioning properties. They can help retain moisture, reduce frizz, and improve hair texture and manageability when applied to the hair.
Scent and Aromatherapy: Essential oils are highly concentrated plant extracts known for their aromatic properties. Incorporating essential oils with pleasant scents like lavender or rosemary into hair care routines can provide a soothing and relaxing experience.
Side Effects of Essential Oils for Hair Growth
While essential oils offer many benefits, being aware of potential side effects is essential. For example, some people may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions when using certain essential oils.
It's recommended to perform a patch test before using any new oil. If you experience adverse reactions, discontinue use immediately and consult a healthcare professional.
9 Tips for Promoting Hair Growth
In addition to using essential oils, there are other steps you can take to promote hair growth:
1. Massage your scalp regularly
Massaging your scalp can help stimulate blood circulation and promote hair growth. Use your fingertips to gently massage your scalp in circular motions for a few minutes daily.
2. Avoid heat styling tools
Frequent use of heat styling tools like flat irons, curling irons, and blow dryers can damage your hair and impede its growth. Minimize the use of these tools and opt for heat-free styling methods whenever possible.
3. Protect your hair from environmental damage
Environmental factors like sun exposure, pollution, and harsh weather conditions can damage hair. Protect your hair by wearing a hat or scarf when exposed to intense sunlight or extreme weather conditions.
4. Reduce stress
High-stress levels can contribute to hair loss, hair thinning and hinder hair growth. Practice stress-reduction techniques such as exercise, meditation, deep breathing exercises, or engaging in hobbies you enjoy.
5. Avoid tight hairstyles
Avoid hairstyles that pull tightly on your hair, such as tight ponytails, braids, or buns. These hairstyles can cause hair breakage and damage the follicles. Instead, opt for looser hairstyles that put less tension on your hair.
6. Get regular trims
Although it may seem counterintuitive, getting regular trims can promote hair growth. Trimming the ends of your hair helps to prevent split ends and breakage, allowing your hair to grow healthier.
7. Stay hydrated
Drinking an adequate amount of water each day helps to keep your scalp and hair hydrated. Hydration is essential for maintaining healthy hair growth.
8. Consider supplements
Some supplements, like biotin, vitamins A, C, D, and E, and omega-3 fatty acids, are believed to support hair growth. Consult a healthcare professional before starting new supplements to determine the right dosage and suitability for your needs.
9. Maintain a balanced diet
A healthy diet rich in vitamins, minerals, and proteins can help support hair growth.
When it comes to nourishing our hair, essential oils are often praised for their natural and effective properties. Not only can they help promote hair growth, but they can also provide much-needed hydration and shine.
However, it's vital to use these oils cautiously and be aware of any potential adverse effects. By incorporating them into your hair care routine and adopting healthy hair practices, you can progress toward achieving the luscious locks you've always dreamed of.
If you're looking for high-quality hair care products and supplements, look no further than Vitamins Revive. You can find something perfect for your needs with their extensive range of hair care items.
So go ahead and give your hair the natural boost it deserves, and enjoy the results!


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By Alyssa Casey
Oxfam Action Corps is a growing group of concerned citizens using local conversation and action to help end global hunger. The Action Corps currently exists in 14 U.S. cities, spreading the mission of Oxfam International. Oxfam International is a confederation of 17 organizations located across North America, Europe, Australia, and Asia. As an international relief organization, Oxfam aims to eliminate global injustice by providing immediate aid and improving long-term sustainability. They also distribute a variety of publications including annual reports, books, facts sheets, and the magazine OXFAMExchange.
Oxfam Action Corps volunteers in Indianapolis, IN work to spread the GROW campaign and recruit new Action Corps members. (Photo credit: Indianapolis Oxfam Action Corps)
Oxfam America's Action Corps aims to enact change by educating people about better living habits, as well as lobbying government on issues such as water conservation, food security, aid reform, and workers' rights. One of their newest and fastest-spreading campaigns is GROW, a food justice campaign. GROW aims to build a better food system that will adequately feed the world population by promoting a more equitable distribution of resources among the world's farmers, holding governments and businesses accountable, and helping farmers prepare to cope with climate change and natural disasters.
GROW emphasizes that everyone has a role in the movement towards a healthier, more sustainable food system. With its slogan "feed your family and help 1 billion people feed themselves," the GROW Method demonstrates that each person can impact the global food system by simply adopting sensible eating habits. The method contains five actions that help eliminate inefficiencies in food habits. Planning meals in advance and incorporating leftovers into recipes helps reduce food waste. Decreasing meat and dairy consumption, and using minimal water and energy while cooking can conserve natural resources. Buying from local farmers markets and eating seasonal foods reduces the amount of energy used in food transportation. On the GROW method's interactive website, people can learn more about the initiative, browse recipes, and watch videos created by Oxfam to explain how current food systems operate.
The Action Corps also hosts local Hunger Banquets. An Oxfam America Hunger Banquet is a dinner hosted by an individual or group at which guests are given basic information about both Oxfam and global food systems. The Hunger Banquet avoids simply inundating people with facts and statistics, and instead provides basic information to encourage discussion. The idea is the more people that discuss and think about food systems, the more attention will be paid to the issue, and therefore the greater likelihood for positive change. Oxfam provides all the materials needed to host a Hunger Banquet, some of which can be downloaded from their website, free of charge.
The idea of discussing food while eating food has sparked other Action Corps events. There is an Oxfam group on Grubwithus.com, a social dining network that aims to bring local community members together over meals. Using the site, anyone can create a meal by setting up a date, time and location. Once the meal is created, other interested members in the area can sign up to join. When the day arrives, all those signed up meet at the specified location and enjoy a meal together while getting to know fellow community members. The Oxfam group uses the site to organize meals for interested parties to discuss poverty, injustice, and how to fix the food system. The first of these Oxfam-themed dinners took place in Boston under the theme "Love Food, Hate Injustice."
The Action Corps is currently preparing to celebrate World Food Day, which takes place every year on October 16th, the day the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) was founded. Each year World Food Day carries a different focus; the theme for World Food Day 2012 is "agricultural cooperatives – key to feeding the world." Oxfam's World Food Day 2012 website details information for hosting a World Food Day Dinner. Resources include recipes, discussion guides, and videos from well-known figures endorsing World Food Day, such as South African activist and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Archbishop Desmond Tutu. Oxfam hopes to reach a goal of 1,000 World Food Day Dinners taking place this year across the United States.
What changes are you making to your eating habits to reduce food waste and conserve resources? Do you have plans to celebrate World Food Day on October 16th? Let us know in the comments below!
Alyssa Casey is a research intern with the Nourishing the Planet project.
To purchase State of the World 2011: Innovations that Nourish the Planet please click HERE.


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The joint ESA/UNESCO Open Initiative to conserve hundreds of natural and cultural World Heritage sites using Earth observation satellites gets additional backing as the International Astronautical Federation joins the growing number of space entities to pledge support to the project.
The Open Initiative, agreed upon by ESA and UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation) in 2001, involves satellites monitoring UNESCO World Heritage sites as unique and varied as the Great Barrier Reef and the Great Wall of China in order to provide early warnings of conditions that could threaten them, such as natural catastrophes, atmospheric contamination and changes in land use. The signing of the partnership between the International Astronautical Federation (IAF) and UNESCO took place today at UNESCO headquarters in Paris, France. ESAs Stephen Briggs, Head of Earth Observation Science and Applications Department, opened the ceremony with his thoughts on how Earth-observing satellites have benefited humanity.
Paying tribute to the first man in space in 1961, Briggs quoted Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarins first words spoken there: "I see Earth. Its so beautiful. Indeed, observing Earth from space has truly revolutionised the way we view our home planet. With their unique global perspective, satellite systems offer incomparable advantages to help us better understand, manage and protect the Earths precious environment."
"The extraordinary cultural and natural diversity of the world is an important source of life and inspiration for humanity. Its preservation should be a responsibility shared by the whole international community," he added.
The name Open Initiative was chosen by ESA and UNESCO because they intended to have other space agencies join the partnership, and in 2003, when the initiative was formally launched, they called on others to participate.


text: There is actually a major difference between a CONTRAIL and a CHEMTRAIL. I know you have a problem conceding that ad for some reason - you dont want to admit it - but there is. A contrail is ICE and doesn't last very long because its rapidly converted back to water vapour. Chemtrails are manufactured mixtures (not compounds) composed of aluminium metal, aluminium oxide, barium sulphate, strontium chloride and additives to allow the heavier barium sulphate to ballast the other particles to keep them from blowing (too quickly) away This formulation isnt an accident, the main aspect is the high reflectivity and high 'whiteness' coupled with persistence arising from greater inertia, since at these altitudes (35,000+') the buoyancy is assured and the main concern is inertial retardation (ie staying in pace to enable the trail to be built up in consecutive layers). It has nothing to do with aluminium toxicity. The accusations against Monsanto on this particular case are bullshit - but that doesn't mean Monsanto aren't a bunch of crooks - it just means the guys trying to fight them aren't all that bright and cant afford good chemical engineers.


What are precious metals? They are famous jewels and gems that are directly connected with death and destructions. Way back on the ancient history, various stories about kings suffering from agony, endless battles, and ruined luck of thrones are all intertwined with those precious metals. As time goes and gearing towards the technological era, luck and misfortunes like career failures, broken marriage, and business bankruptcies are still connected with the sparkle of each famous metals and gems. Most of the precious gems aficionados always believed on the fortune entailed by those gems and do not even need the help of bankruptcy lawyer San Diego.
However, even if there are precious stones that have always been linked with misfortune, some of the dark side of the stories are almost relatively fabricated. Yet, these stories still provide fascination to most precious stone lovers. Moreover, believe it or not, numbers of folklores regarding the idea of a curse are widely present. Thus, some tales might also have hidden lessons behind those dark stories.
Precious Stone: A Luck or Misfortune
Here is an example of a famous gem that may either be of assistance to your needs, or at some point, may cause bad luck if not used properly.
Hope Diamond
Famously known as the "cursed gem", evidence shows that the stone was a portion or a misnomer of the French Blue. Moreover, there are proofs that the Hope Diamond stone was founded by King George IV. Yet, this stone sold right after he died in order to repay his debts. Further, the new stone owner knew the target market for an expensive gem like the Hope Diamond which was limited.
Luckily, he had been successful prior to getting the expensive gem for sale. Initially, the buyer refused to buy because did not like the setting of the Hope Diamond. Yet, the owner changed the design, thus making the buyer changed his mind. The buyer was intrigued about the precious stone's story than to be alarmed about it. Starting that time, the buyer felt that the cursed gem was his lucky charm.
Generally, the selling point's idea of the gem is its curse.
For about years, things were going well for the new owner. Yet, after years of fortune, things began to go down the road. Car accident happened causing the death of the first-born son. The fortune had been cut-off making the family business went bankrupt. A year after, the gem stone owner died. Her gem stone collection was sold in order to pay off her debts of estate.
Post Author: Janele Aretha


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Botanical Name and Pronunciation:
Dendranthema x grandiflorum (den-DRAN-the-ma grand-I-FLOR-um)
shades of red, pink, orange, bronze, yellow, white
Form and Size:
Daisy spray mums have a leafy stem with many blooms. The blooms have several petals that uniformly extend out from an eye-like center. Gerbera daisies and chrysanthemum daises are similar.
7 – 14 days, sometimes longer
Cut under water and place in fresh water with flower food. The stem must be cut above any woody portions to ensure good water intake. Do not pound stem ends, this will not help to ensure good water intake.
History and Usage:
A member of the Compositae (aster) family, chrysanthemums, including daisy mums, originated in China. They were first introduced to Japan in 400 A.D. They were then considered the emblem of the imperial family. They were introduced to Europe in the late 18th century. Chrysanthemums have a long vase life, so they go well in any arrangement. Daisy spray mums can be used as a filler flower, or in an arrangement as the main attraction.
Points of Interest:
Relatives of the chrysanthemum include cosmos, dahlia, calendula and zinnia. In Italy, mums are synonymous with death and funerals.


2 min read
Maximising Confluence cache effectiveness
Thu, 21 Aug 2014
Maximising Confluence cache effectiveness
Maximising Confluence cache effectiveness
Fine-tuning your cache management is often a trade-off between performance and memory usage. These hints and tips thing I wish I'd known when I started working with Confluence will show you how to achieve optimum efficiency.
The beauty of caches
Even in a simplified version of Confluence architecture, there are many stages between a user requesting access to a page and the page actually appearing in front of them. Maximising your Confluence cache effectiveness is a matter of understanding the separate levels of caching:
 1. the user accesses the webpage via a browser
 2. this request goes through the internet, firewall and reverse proxy and hits Confluence
 3. Confluence communicates with the database and storage media
 4. the information is passed back through the whole chain again and is displayed
This process can take ages particularly if you're loading a large amount of content. Caches are wonderful little components which allow the storage of data you've previously accessed in small reserves along the way, so that the next time you request it, your request doesn't have to travel through each stage.
Where are your caches?
There are three main points at which the responses to data requests can be cached:
 1. Your browser - browser caches are particularly useful for static content like CSS, Java Script and images
 2. The reverse proxy - once again, this saves Confluence from handling the workload of static content
 3. In Confluence itself - storing information in memory saves Confluence the laborious task of searching the database and file system for each request
Maximising caching potential at each of these levels can reduce your application workload tremendously, resulting in a serious performance boost.
Tuning your caches
Confluence provides your cache usage statistics with the Cache Statistics page within the admin user interface. Make sure you select the advanced display, as it provides a lot more information. The goal here is to increase the size of the correct caches, which you can do based on the following priorities (in order of importance). Look for caches that:
 1. are 100% used
 2. have a high number of hits and misses
 3. are not 100% effective
 4. are not too large
Once youve identified your target caches, you should increase their size. However, be careful here try to avoid large caches as they will drain your memory exceptionally fast. The database queries cache is a prime example of one which will run out of memory well before it's tuned by this definition.
Finally, aim to keep the size of the cache larger than the number of content objects e.g. attachments, content, comments, groups, spaces and users.
Did you find this post useful? Stay tuned in to our blog for more hints and tips.
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