General Information & Overview
A frenectomy is a surgical procedure where a fold of tissue called a frenum is removed or repositioned. The word frenum, or frenulum, describes the tough tissue that attaches any organ to its neighboring tissue to prevent it from moving too much. When any of these frenums are shorter than normal, they can limit the movement of the tissues to which they are attached.
There are several different frenums within the mouth including:
 - Those that attach to the inside of the lip, a labial frenum.
 - Those that attach to the inside of the cheek, a maxillary buccal frenum.
The labial frenum often attaches to the center of the upper lip between the two front teeth. This can cause a gap or space and result in gum recession due to the frenum pulling the gums away from the teeth. A labial frenectomy removes the labial frenum. This procedure is often performed on orthodontic patients to assist in closing the gap or space between the two front teeth.
The problem of the upper labial frenum is primarily one of aesthetics, but not necessarily. If the frenum is too short or tight, there are a few common issues. For one, the ligament tissue can extend toward the two upper front teeth and cause a diastema, or gap in the teeth. It can also create an "open mouth posture," by limiting the movement of the lip and preventing the mouth from properly sealing. This leads to open mouth breathing, which in children impairs the development of nose breathing and by extension proper airway and jaw development. It can also cause gum recession.
Acharya Periodontics COVID-19 Update
implement strategies recommended by public health authorities.
by the American Dental Association.
authorities and share additional information as warranted.
telephone or email before your visit.


text: KentuckyFC writes "Arbitrage is a way of making profit by exploiting price differences for the same asset. In capital markets, traders aggressively seek out and exploit these market 'inefficiencies.' Now one data scientist says it's possible to do the same with metro fares and has studied the fare-arbitrage potential of San Francisco's subway system, BART (Bay Area Rapid Transit). The idea is to swap tickets with another commuter during your journey to reduce the amount you both pay. BART has 44 stations which allows 946 different journeys and 446,985 unique pairs of trips. Of these, over 60,000 have arbitrage potential and commuters can save at least $1 on 4,666 of them. But there are good reasons why cities might want to maintain price differences for certain journeys — to encourage people to live in certain areas, for example. What's more, it's possible to imagine a pair of commuters who each travel from one side of a city to the other at considerable cost. But by swapping tickets in the city center, they could both pay for a short commute in each others' suburbs. But is that fair to other commuters?"

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


) 1963 similar to that in the 1949 Act.[153] The first motorway to open was the M1 motorway, though it did so under temporary powers until the Special Roads Act had been passed.[154] Work on the motorways continued until the 1970s when the oil crisis and The Troubles both intervened causing the abandonment of many schemes.[155]
AUS Alphanumeric Route M1.svg
Australian national highway 1.svg
Motorways referred to as an expressway in Australia include the Hunter Expressway, which connects the Hunter Region with Newcastle, and the Southern Expressway, which connects Adelaide's outer southern suburbs to the southwestern suburbs.
New Zealand[edit]
New Zealand road sign A41-1.svg
State Highway 1 NZ.svg
New Zealand's first motorway opened in December 1950 near Wellington, running from Johnsonville to Tawa. This five-kilometre (3.1 mi) motorway now forms the southern part of the Johnsonville-Porirua Motorway and part of State Highway 1.[157] Auckland's first stretch of motorway was opened in 1953 between Ellerslie and Mount Wellington (between present-day exit 435 and exit 438), and now forms part of the Southern Motorway.[158]
Most major urban areas in New Zealand feature limited-access highways. Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch, Hamilton, Tauranga, and Dunedin contain motorways, with only Auckland having a substantial motorway network.
See also[edit]
 1. ^ Used in the western part of the United States, parts of Australia, parts of Canada, and South Africa.
 2. ^ Used in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Pakistan, New Zealand, and parts of Australia.
 3. ^ Used in parts of the United States, parts of Canada, Australia, China, India, Japan, the Philippines and South Korea. In some parts of the United States, this also designates a type of controlled-access road of lower class than a freeway.
 4. ^ Used in the United States.
 5. ^ Portions of the Downtown Connector in Atlanta, Georgia, have eight lanes in each direction.
 1. ^ "Fate of EU motorway safety in hands of MEPs" (PDF). 8 April 2014. Archived from the original on 8 April 2014.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
 2. ^ "Convention on Road Signs and Signals, Done at Vienna on 8 November 1968" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 13 May 2016.
 4. ^ Dictionary: PIARC Road Dictionary/ English
 8. ^ NTUA, 2005[full citation needed]
 11. ^ Hershenson, Roberta (18 June 1995). "Bronx River Parkway on an Endangered List". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 14 May 2013. Retrieved 13 April 2010.
 12. ^ "German Myth 8: Hitler and the Autobahn". Archived from the original on 8 May 2006.
 15. ^ Korr, Jeremy (2008). "Physical and Social Constructions of the Capital Beltway". In Mauch, Christof & Zeller, Thomas (eds.). The World Beyond the Windshield: Roads and Landscapes in the United States and Europe. Athens: Ohio University Press. p. 195.
 17. ^ Roig-Franzia, Manuel (22 November 2001). "The Town That Stops Traffic: Travelers Encounter Way Station as Way of Life in Breezewood". The Washington Post. p. B1.
 18. ^ a b c d e f g "Motorways 2018" (PDF). European Road Safety Observatory. Retrieved 1 September 2021.
 22. ^ "OAR Banning Non-Motorized Travel on Some Interstate Freeways in Oregon" (PDF). Oregon Department of Transportation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 May 2010. Retrieved 12 October 2009.
 36. ^ "Rapport d'activité 2012" (PDF) (in French). Vinci Autoroutes. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 14 May 2016.
 38. ^ Albalate, Daniel; Bel, Germà (2012). "Motorways, tolls and road safety: Evidence from Europe". SERIEs. 3 (4): 457–473. doi:10.1007/s13209-_PHONE_-6.
 42. ^ "Freeway Geometric Design for Active Traffic Management in Europe" (PDF). Federal Highway Administration. March 2011. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 May 2017. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
 45. ^ Martin, Hugo (20 April 2003). "Sounding Off on Noise: Freeways' Neighbors Struggle to Drown Out Road Racket, Experts Say the Din Creates Mental and Physical Hazards". Los Angeles Times. p. B1.
 49. ^ Coulombe, Gerard (6 July 1986). "Doing the Turnpike Crawl". The New York Times. p. CN16.
 53. ^ "TransApex - Brisbane City Council". 17 June 2007. Archived from the original on 17 June 2007.
 63. ^ M1
 68. ^ KeNHA (3 April 2016). "Kenya National Highway Authority: Who We Are". Nairobi: Kenya National Highway Authority (KeNHA). Retrieved 3 April 2016.
 69. ^ Muthoni, Sophia (27 January 2016). "How Kenya National Highways Authority plans to deal with vandalism". The Standard (Kenya). Nairobi. Retrieved 3 April 2016.
 70. ^ "Home - Department-of-Transport". Archived from the original on 17 June 2011.
 72. ^ "Infraestrutura rodoviária: estradas paulistas têm padrão internacional". Governo do Estado de São Paulo. 14 December 2016.
 78. ^ California Streets & Highways Code § 257.
 79. ^ "§ 160.02, subds. 18b & 19". Minnesota Statutes.
 81. ^ "§ 304.010". Missouri Revised Statutes.
 95. ^ MinistryOfFinance, MinistryOfFinance (11 September 2020). "Highway_6_MinistryOfFinance". Ministry Of Finance. Ministry Of Finance. Retrieved 29 December 2020.
 101. ^ "National Highways Authority – Committed to Excellence". Retrieved 27 November 2020.
 102. ^ a b "South Asia's Most Modern Interchange on Motorway-9 Open to Traffic". A blog about real estate, lifestyle and tourism in Pakistan | Zameen Blog. Retrieved 27 November 2020.
 103. ^ "Peshawar-Karachi Motorway (Multan-Sukkur Section) | China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) Official Website". Retrieved 27 November 2020.
 104. ^ "Lahore-Islamabad Motorway (M-2) – National Highways Authority". Retrieved 27 November 2020.
 105. ^ "KarachiHyderabad Motorway (M-9) – National Highways Authority". Retrieved 27 November 2020.
 115. ^ "". Archived from the original on 18 December 2014.
 127. ^ a b "Autostrady". Generalna Dyrekcja Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad. Retrieved 6 March 2020.
 128. ^ "Rozporządzenie Rady Ministrów z dnia 15 maja 2004 r. w sprawie sieci autostrad i dróg ekspresowych".
 129. ^ "Rozporządzenie Rady Ministrów z dnia 13 lutego 2007 r. zmieniające rozporządzenie w sprawie sieci autostrad i dróg ekspresowych".
 130. ^ "Rozporządzenie Rady Ministrów z dnia 20 października 2009 r. zmieniające rozporządzenie w sprawie sieci autostrad i dróg ekspresowych".
 131. ^ "Portugal". IPIM. Archived from the original on 14 February 2015.
 134. ^ "CNAIR: Motorway/Expressway in use (official website of the highway company)" (in Romanian).
 137. ^ "Catálogo y evolución de la red de carreteras | Ministerio de Transportes, Movilidad y Agenda Urbana". Retrieved 10 March 2021.
 152. ^ "Reported road casualties in Great Britain: 2017 annual report" (PDF). Department for Transport. 27 September 2018. Retrieved 1 September 2021.
External links[edit]


text:
This is the second article for the series I planned on Tourism regulatory reforms in India. Through much delayed than promised in my previous blog on this series. However, I sincerely hope that this might be useful and interesting to those who are involved with this partially invisible big industry and also for the general readers who take interests in diverse economic issues.
the first question that I would like to answer is why do I touch this complex issue of "Welfare" which is more familiar to social scientists, especially economists and more or less vaguely understood as a common parlance to common men. the primary reason for introducing this particular term in relation to regulatory reform is that the objective of any regulatory reforms process is to increase welfare with or without existence of competition. This prompts that a clear understanding of definition of welfare is required to develop the linkage between tourism, its stakeholders, welfare and finally their importance to regulatory reforms process.
What is welfare?
In the simplest of words, welfare is when one person's well-being can be improved without affecting others' well-being adversely for the good of the society. As long as this concept remains within a small society, it easy to manage and monitor. The moment the sphere of its applicability increases, it is not only difficult to monitor, about also becomes complex enough to understand how the welfare of the entire society can be captured. For instance, tourism is a global phenomenon, apart from being multi-sectoral. Therefore, to understand the welfare implications of tourism, one needs to capture welfare of "Hosts" and "Guests" as well welfare across sectors like economic, cultural, political, environmental and so on. This complex gamut of tourism suggests that clearly there will be winners and losers in terms of welfare.
To make this simpler, lets divide the tourism economy between "Producers" and "Consumers". The producers are those who are providing tourism services and consumers are who are enjoying tourism services. All stakeholders (except the policy makers!!) can be categorised in these two groups for each and every kind of tourism activities. Because of diverse characteristics of of tourists and their intentions of maximizing tourism utilities, certainly there are winners and losers. To make it even more explicit, we can explore the concept further from utilitarian perspective.
Derek Hall and Frances Brown explained it nicely in one of their paper on eithis, responsibility and well-being related to tourism. Well-being of a society, though more applicable to Western countries at present, can be though of in three different types:
1. Consumerisation – The society derives its well-being from quantity and variety of material goods
2. Welfare-statism – where well-being is derived from the quantity of public goods and services citizens receive as their rights
3. Eco-welfarism – where well-being is derived from the quality of relationships between people and the relationships between people and natural environment.
These points suggests that welfare from tourism will cut across social, behavirourial, medical, psychological, economic, cultural, environmental – almost every sphere of life. For the developed countries it promotes the concept of Quality of Life. Leisure and tourism is considered as a central part of it by contributing in enhancing welfare through a combination of relaxation of mind, intellectual stimulus and physical activity for fitness. But, when we see tourism enhancing consumers' welfare, does it also contribute positively to producers' welfare? If we consider the less developed countries, the answer is no for certain. Most of the time we look at tourism activities from a producers' approach, where work in providing opportunities for relaxation and rest for consumers is the key component. The key question is whether tourism also does increase quality of life from producer's perspective. The experience says that in most of the cases it is marginal and sometimes negative.
This is where it is crucial to understand why regulatory reforms are required, especially in the less developed, countries to to keep a parity between producer's and consumer's welfare. Unless the industry is regulated in a proper fashion and enhance fair competition while taking care of restraining adverse impact on the host community, sustainable tourism cannot be achieved. To make a clear case of how tourists', i.e., consumers activities minimize producers' welfare, I will discuss it in the next article of this series.


text:
Diocesan Supplemental Lessons/Activity Ideas
Supplementary craft / innovative activities related to OCEC curriculum prepared and submitted by Diocesan Church School Teachers.
A Treasure trove of supplemental lessons, ideas, and resources for the various liturgical seasons of the year compiled by Phyllis Onest, Director of Religious Education, Greek
Orthodox Metropolis of Pittsburgh
The Prayer Corner
Daily Scripture Readings, Lives of Saints, Liturgical Resources From ACROD Website.
Prologue From Ochrid
Lives of the Saints Compiled By St. Nicholas Velimirovich. Dates are according to the Julian (Old) Calendar
The Orthodox Reading
A Library of Orthodox
Christianity from the ACROD Website.
Gallery of Icons from Churches and Institutions of the American Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Diocese of the USA
Games On-line To Explore and Learn The Orthodox Faith
The Department of Internet Ministries is
pleased to announce an exciting new web site at where kids and adults of all ages can explore, create, play, learn,
discover, and grow in the Orthodox Faith. The site features online games and
puzzles in a colorful, engaging environment, all with an Orthodox theme. The
games are suitable for kids from ages 5 on up and currently features a coloring
book, jigsaw puzzles, a memory game, a word finder, crossword puzzles, and more
Buy Books and Resources at Orthodox Goods
On-line shopping source of the American Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Diocese, featuring Religious Items, Books, Media, Gloria Incense and Liturgical Publications.
Orthodox Christian Education Commission (OCEC) The official Educational Agency of the Standing Conference of Canonical Orthodox Bishops in the Americas (SCOBA). Contains an on-line catalog of Church School Curriculum for Pre K to High School.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Our research strategy places human milk at the center of maternal and infant health. We aim to understand how maternal factors affect human milk composition, how human milk impacts shortand long-term infant health, and how breastfeeding influences maternal health.
Studying modifiable and non-modifiable maternal factors that affect milk composition and infant and maternal health include, but are not limited to:
 - genetics and epigenetics (maternal, but also paternal and infant)
 - diet and use of dietary supplements
 - environment
 - lifestyle, stress, exercise
 - health and disease
 - exposure to medical or recreational drugs
Studying human milk composition includes macroand micronutrients as well as human milk bioactives with a particular focus on oligosaccharides, lipids and the human milk microbiome and metabolome.
Studying the impact of human milk on infant health covers both shortand long-term effects and includes term as well as preterm infants. The following list provides some examples of ongoing research that targets different aspects of infant health and disease:
 - infant microbiome and metabolome
 - gut health, gut motility, infectious diarrhea
 - growth, body composition, obesity risk in childhood, adolescence and adulthood
 - neurodevelopment and cognition
 - immunity, infection, inflammation, sepsis
 - respiratory disorders, respiratory infections
 - asthma, allergies, atopic dermatitis
 - necrotizing enterocolitis
Studying the impact of human milk and breastfeeding on maternal health is often understudied and includes, for example, determining how breastfeeding and human milk bioactives affect women's cancer risk.
Leveraging UC San Diego's strengths in developmental biology, biochemistry, pharmacology, nutritional sciences, social sciences, biomedical technology and medicine, we use a comprehensive approach - from tissue cultures and in vivo preclinical models to human cohort and intervention studies - to generate a detailed understanding of how human milk works and why and when human milk matters.
Dedication to Care
We believe that conducting the best possible research alone is not enough to optimize maternal and infant health. Together with UC San Diego Health, Rady Children's Hospital and Mommy's Milk Human Milk Research Biorepository as well as many other national and international partners, LRF MoMI CoRE affiliates have easy access to human milk samples and extensive associated datasets from large diverse human clinical and non-clinical populations. These partnerships allow us to translate research discoveries into enhanced evidence-based clinical practice as quickly as possible.
Devotion to Education
We strive to disseminate our research findings to a wide range of audiences from scientists and clinicians to lactation consultants and breastfeeding coordinators, and most importantly to the general public. Together with the UC San Diego Department of Education Studies, we are developing new strategies for developing accurate and simple messages and didactic tools to help educate health care professionals and the community about the benefits of human milk.
At LRF MoMI CoRE, our mission is to unravel the complexity of human milk for optimal maternal and infant health by promoting excellence, synergy and innovation in research, clinical practice and education.


Connected infrastructure
By Valeska Bloch, Gavin Smith, David Donnelly, Jessica Mottau
Cybersecurity & Privacy Data Environment & Planning Government Infrastructure Manufacturing & Construction Property & Development Telecommunications
Unlocking smarter, more liveable cities
Both the Sydney population and the population of Melbourne are expected to reach the size of New York City by 2050, raising questions about how our cities of the future will function.
Connected infrastructure - using sensors, intelligent systems and other technology to allow for real-time feedback for both governments and citizens - will be central to unlocking a sustainable future.
In particular, using 'internet of things' (IoT) technology in an infrastructure context will allow us to generate enormously valuable insights and drive down operational costs for governments and the private sector.
Opportunities to invest in connected infrastructure and leverage the data generated are significant, but do not come without risk. Organisations looking to capitalise on the rise of connected infrastructure will need to grapple with growing cybersecurity threats, data governance issues and a shifting privacy regulatory landscape.
Our latest report covers how to capitalise on the opportunities and minimise the risks by:
 1. Spotting data commercialisation opportunities while navigating evolving privacy laws
 2. Taking advantage of 'core-plus' asset investments and adding flexibility into contracts to 'futureproof' against technological changes
 3. Ensuring the data security of connected infrastructure projects by implementing robust security measures to enable prompt detection, investigation and remediation of potential infrastructure attacks
 4. Preparing for 5G: ensuring current projects contemplate future technology enhancements and are fit for purpose when 5G arrives
Why is connected infrastructure important?
Rapid population growth and urbanisation in Australia have placed our cities under significant strain. To meet demands for services like housing and transport we need to:
 - optimise existing infrastructure assets in the short-to-medium-term; and
 - clear a path to enable next generation technology in the medium-to-long-term.
Connected infrastructure has the potential to help solve these challenges. Contact our specialist team below to discuss the opportunities in your industry.


Ten Qualities of A Successful Individual
Ten Qualities of A Successful Individual
Photo of Shem-shem Pablo
By Soni
Success is the output of an individual's effort, hard work, dedication, sincerity, and experience put in for years together to achieve the desired goals.
Success is not easily attained; it is to be acquired by putting in the efforts of the years.
A success mantra: "Jack of all trades, master of SOME." will possibly sum it up.
To be a successful person you have to be a jack of all trades and a master of some. An individual with who is multi-talented has the quality to recognize the opportunity and grab it at that moment.
Below are some of the qualities, in my opinion of what successful people have:
1. He must have some education required at a level within his desired field. He must have a great passion towards reading and ability to have an open mind.
2. He must have some confidence to face the situation: Even and Odd.
3. He must have a personality that mesmerizes anyone at any time.
4. He must have professionalism to a level where one must have thorough knowledge of the field where he is working.
5. He must have integrity towards work and work culture.
6. She must have knowledge of language which also plays an important role in success; Linguistic people have less interaction barriers.
7. She must be able to adapt to change easily.
8. She must be technologically savvy or at the very least inclined towards Information Technology and the use of social media as success tools.
9. She must be a positive person with an optimistic approach.
10. She should be an adorable person and a simple human being.
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Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) imagery documents the consistent subsidence, during the interval _PHONE_, of a pyroclastic flow deposit (PFD) emplaced during the 1986 eruption of Augustine Volcano, Alaska. We construct finite element models (FEMs) that simulate thermoelastic contraction of the PFD to account for the observed subsidence. Three-dimensional problem domains of the FEMs include a thermoelastic PFD embedded in an elastic substrate. The thickness of the PFD is initially determined from the difference between postand pre-eruption digital elevation models (DEMs). The initial excess temperature of the PFD at the time of deposition, 640??C, is estimated from FEM predictions and an InSAR image via standard least-squares inverse methods. Although the FEM predicts the major features of the observed transient deformation, systematic prediction errors (RMSE=2.2 cm) are most likely associated with errors in the a priori PFD thickness distribution estimated from the DEM differences. We combine an InSAR image, FEMs, and an adaptive mesh algorithm to iteratively optimize the geometry of the PFD with respect to a minimized misfit between the predicted thermoelastic deformation and observed deformation. Prediction errors from an FEM, which includes an optimized PFD geometry and the initial excess PFD temperature estimated from the least-squares analysis, are sub-millimeter (RMSE=0.3 mm). The average thickness (9.3 m), maximum thickness (126 m), and volume (2.1?? 107 m3) of the PFD, estimated using the adaptive mesh algorithm, are about twice as large as the respective estimations for the a priori PFD geometry. Sensitivity analyses suggest unrealistic PFD thickness distributions are required for initial excess PFD temperatures outside of the range 500-800??C.?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Additional Publication Details
Thickness distribution of a cooling pyroclastic flow deposit on Augustine Volcano, Alaska: Optimization using InSAR, FEMs, and an adaptive mesh algorithm


text:
by keyboard, which violates his known violin teaching altogether.
Joe Monzo does not necessarily agree with this, believing that while Mozart in his keyboard music obviously would have to intend his enharmonically-equivalent pairs of notes to be exactly the same pitch, in non-keyboard passages he may in fact have intended the commatic shifts of two different pitches to be played when he notated "enharmonically-equivalent" pairs of notes tied together.
Chesnut, John Hind. 1977.
"Mozart's teaching of intonation",
Journal of the American Musicological Society
vol. 30 no. 2 [summer], pp. 254-271.
section above updated: 2001.06.03, 2001.07.08
Here is a graph of a 56-tone cycle of 1/6-comma meantone, centered on "C" as the reference (= generator 0):
As seen above, extending the cycle beyond 12 pitches results in pairs of pitches separated by approximately a comma. Upon passing beyond the -27..+27 cycle, note that the pitches represented as Cbbbb and Fxx are closer than that:
Fxx = ( (3/2)27 / ( (81/80)(27/5) ) ) / 215 = 2-(144/6) * 3(54/6) * 5(27/6) = ~_PHONE_ cents Cbbbb = ( (3/2)-28 / ( (81/80)(-28/5) ) ) / 212 = 2(158/6) * 3-(56/6) * 5-(28/6) = ~_PHONE_ cents 2-(144/6) * 3(54/6) * 5(27/6) Fxx - 2(158/6) * 3-(56/6) * 5-(28/6) Cbbbb ---------------------------- 2-(302/6) * 3(110/6) * 5(55/6) = ~10.38405963 (= 10 ~3/8) cents. 10.38405963 / 55 = 0.188801084 --> the difference between the "5ths" of 1/6-comma meantone and 55-edo, which was noted above.
Thus, limiting the meantone cycle to 55 pitches and distributing this difference equally among them, results in 55-EDO. If we call the 21 9/11 cent step-size of 55-EDO a "comma", then the "chromatic-semitone" = 4 commas, the "diatonic-semitone" = 5 commas, and the "whole-tone" = 9 commas, exactly as Mozart taught his students.
Other EDOs which approximate 1/6-comma meantone more
closely than 55-EDO are 67- and 122-EDO:
2(39/67) = ~_PHONE_ cents
2(71/122) = ~_PHONE_ cents
(This section added 2001.11.08)
I'm adding a new section here which explores Mozart's actual intended tuning. Knowledge of this tuning is based on notes written down by Thomas Atwood, who studied with Mozart during the mid-1780s. My source for this is the Chesnut article cited above.
Mozart used the same process as given above, but extended it to a cycle of 21 meantone "5ths", an elegantly symmetrical system from implied 3-10 = Ebb to implied 310 = A#. He then destroyed the symmetry of the scale by limiting himself to 20 notes and eliminating the implied 3-7 = Cb.
It's curious to me that Mozart decided to do this, rather than keep the symmetrical tuning. It's interesting that the very note he leaves out is the one which would become the most characteristic feature of the later development (just after Mozart's death) of "expressive" pythagorean-based intonation: the "raised" (sharpened or narrowed) "leading-tone" [again, see the Chesnut article for details].
Chesnut notes that Tosi advocated 55-EDO, and that one degree or "step" in this tuning (i.e., the ratio 2(1/55) = 21 & 9/11 cents) is so close to both the syntonic and pythagorean commas that it could be called a "Tosi comma". There are exactly 4 & 7/12 of these "Tosi commas" in one 12-EDO Semitone.
Below is the mapping of the basic prime intervals in 55-EDO:
- "per" = number of instances of the period of equivalence needed for "correction" - in this case, "octaves" - to put the generated interval into the proper register to represent the basic prime interval.
- "gen" = number of 2(32/55) generators from 0. In this temperament, the generator is considered to be the "5th".
This notation thus gives the 55-EDO analogue of a vector notation using 2 (the "octave") and 3/2 (the "5th") as factors.
32/55-EDO mapping prime (per, gen) ~cents error ~ % error 2 ( 1, 0 ) 0 0 3 ( 1, 1 ) -3.773182684 -0.198384435 5 ( 0, 4 ) 6.413558862 0.230180788 7 (-3, 10) 12.99227535 0.385661821 11 (-7, 18) 15.95478491 0.384330594
(For a detailed explanation of this type of matrix notation, see Graham Breed's matrix webpage. Graham would define 1/6-comma meantone as follows:
factors: 2 3 5 implied ratio ( 1 0 0 ) (1200) 2:1 H' = ( 2/3 1/3 1/6)H = (1898) cents ~3:1 (-4/3 4/3 2/3) (2793) ~5:1
And 55-EDO as follows:
)factors: 2 3 5 implied ratio ( 1 0 0) (1200) 2:1 H' = ( 87/55 0 0)H = (1898) cents ~3:1 (128/55 0 0) (2793) ~5:1
Note that the generator which represents 11 lies outside the 21-tone cycle given in the above graph, thus, this particular scale only provides three approximate 11:8s, between the pairs of notes (expressed as generators and pitches where C = 0): (-10, 8) = Ebb:G#, (-9, 9) = Bbb:D#, and (-8, 10) = Fb:A#. This can be seen in the interval matrix further below.
Below is a lattice illustrating the relationship of 1/6-comma meantone with the 5-limit JI pitch-classes it implies. (This particular example illustrates a symmetrical 27-tone chain of 1/6-comma meantone "5th"s; it could be extended in either direction.)
(lattice added 2001.12.3)
Yahoo Tuning Group, Message 45865 From:
Date: Sat Jul 26, 2003 3:56 am Subject: smoking gun: W.A. Mozart's writings on intonation i wrote: _URL_ > From: "monz" > Date: Tue Jun 17, 2003 5:54 pm > Subject: Re: [tuning] Re: Mozart 31-equal?? > > > > >... right now i'm busy tracking down a copy of > the Attwood studies to see what W.A. Mozart himself > wrote about intonation. and now i've gotten it, and can share what i found. (thank the gods for interlibrary loan!) basically there's nothing new that i didn't already glean from Chesnut's article, and which i've already included on my 55edo webpage: _URL_ [old link, now redirects here] The largest set of pitches actually written in Mozart's handwriting is a 21-tone meantone chain of 5ths Ebb... A#, but without Cb : Ebb Bbb Fb [Cb] Gb Db Ab Eb Bb F C G D A E B F# C# G# D# A# Attwood apparently understood Italian better than German, because Mozart wrote in Italian for his benefit. It is clearly stated several times in both of their handwritings that the 8ve contains 5 tones and 2 large semitones. The notes begin with ascending and descending (one 8ve) C-major and A-melodic-minor scales, in Mozart's handwriting, with notes explaining where the semitones occur. then (p I/1 and I/2) Mozart wrote the first note of several other major scales and their relative minors, and Attwood filled in all the other notes correctly, except for the leading-tone of


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In this work, we interpreted gravity data to determine the structural characteristics responsible for high-gravity anomalies in Bagodo, North Cameroon. These anomalies had not previously been characterized through a local study. Thus, we undertook a regional–residual separation of the gravity anomalies by using the polynomial method. Geophysical signatures of near-surface small-extent geological structures were revealed. To conduct a quantitative interpretation of the gravity anomalies, one profile was drawn on a residual Bouguer anomaly map and then interpreted by spectral analysis, the ideal body solution, and 2.5-dimensional modeling. Our results showed that the intrusive body in the Bagodo area consists of two trapezoidal blocks. The first and second blocks have roofs approximately 7.5 and 14 km deep, respectively, whereas their bases are approximately 17 km deep. These values are in agreement with those obtained by the ideal body solution, which showed two cells with a density contrast of 0.3 g·cm−3 in comparison with the surrounding rocks. The density of this body was estimated to be approximately 3 g·cm−3. The topography of these rocks showed that they are basaltic rocks that would have cooled in fracture zones as an intrusion.
We present a statistical study of "trunk-like" structures observed in He+ and O+ in the inner magnetosphere. The main characteristic of these structures is that the energy of the peak flux decreases earthward. Using observations from the Helium Oxygen Proton Electron (HOPE) instrument onboard Van Allen Probe A, we identify the trunks observed from November 2012 to June 2019 and obtain the universal time, L shell, magnetic local time (MLT), and energy information of each trunk's root and tip. We then investigate the behavior of trunks in terms of their frequency of occurrence, temporal evolution, spatial and energy distribution, and trunk dependence on different geomagnetic indices. We find that (1) the trunks are always located at L = 1.5−4.0 and have a preferential location mainly concentrated at MLT = 18−24, (2) the sector within MLT = 14−16 is a forbidden zone without trunk roots, and (3) the energy of He+ trunks is the largest near dusk and gradually decreases in the counterclockwise direction, whereas the energy of O+ trunks is relatively evenly distributed with MLT and L. The differences between He+ and O+ trunks are probably due to the different charge exchange and Coulomb collision lifetime. The dependence on different geomagnetic indices indicates that the trunk structures occur more frequently during relatively quiet periods.
Water is essential for the formation of a magmatic arc by lowering the melting temperature of materials in the mantle wedge. As such, it is logical to attribute the absence of a magmatic arc to insufficient water released from the subducting plate, although a number of other factors may cause volcanic arc quiescence as well, such as a slab window or flat slab subduction. In this contribution, we present a possible but testable correlation between the occurrence of a magmatic arc and seamount subduction in light of bathymetric data obtained near trenches. This correlation, if it holds true, in turn means that a magmatic arc is unlikely to occur when the subducting slabs have not been severely fractured and that one of the main reasons for excluding effects such as the slab window or flat slab subduction may be that the plate is not accompanied by seamounts. Therefore, the role that seamount subduction plays in recycling water back into the mantle deserves more attention from the earth sciences community.
During an experiment involving the alternating O / X mode pump, the Incoherent Scatter Radar (ISR) observation demonstrated that the high frequency enhanced ion line (HFIL) and plasma line (HFPL) did not immediately appear, but were delayed by a few seconds after the pump onset. By examining the initial behaviors of the ion line, plasma line and electron temperature as well as ionosphere condition, it is shown that (1) the HFIL and HFPL are delayed not only in the X mode pump but also in the O mode pump; (2) the HFIL can not be observed until the electron temperature is enhanced. The analysis suggests that (1) the leakage of the X mode to the O mode pump may not be ignored; (2) the spatiotemporal uncertainty, the spatiotemporal change in the profiles of ion mass and electron density, may play an important role in the lack of the Bragg condition; (3) nevertheless, the absence of parametric decay instability can not be ruled out due to the lack of matching condition caused by the spatiotemporal uncertainty.
It is widely believed that the electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves play an important role in influencing the radiation belt and ring current dynamics. Most studies investigated the effects or characteristics of EMIC waves assuming their left-handed polarization. However, recent studies found that the polarization reversal, which occurs at higher latitudes along the wave propagation path, can change the wave-induced pitch angle diffusion coefficients. Whether such a polarization reversal can influence the global ring current dynamics remains unknown. In this study, we investigate the ring current dynamics and proton precipitation loss in association with the polarization reversed EMIC waves using the Ring current - Atmosphere interactions Model (RAM). The results indicate that the polarization reversal of H-Band EMIC waves truly can decrease the scattering rates of protons of 10 to 50 keV or > 100 keV by comparing with the scenario where the EMIC waves are considered as purely left-handed polarized. Additionally, it is found that the global ring current intensity and proton precipitation can be slightly affected by the polarization reversal, especially during the prestorm and recovery phase, but the effects are not that large during the main phase. This is probably because the H-Band EMIC waves contribute to the proton scattering loss primarily at E < 10 keV, an energy range that is not strongly affected by the polarization reversal.
The plasma density is an important factor in determining wave-particle interaction in the magnetosphere. We develop a machine learning-based electron density (MLED) model in the inner magnetosphere using a data set of electron density from Van Allen Probes between September 25, 2012 and August 30, 2019. This MLED model is a physics-based nonlinear network that employs fundamental physical principles to represent the variation of electron density. It predicts the plasmapause location under different geomagnetic activities and models the electron density of the plasmasphere and trough separately. We train the model using gradient descent and backpropagation algorithms, which can be widely used to deal effectively with nonlinear relationships among physical quantities in space plasma environments. The model gives explicit expressions with few parameters and describes the association of electron density with geomagnetic activity, solar cycle, and seasonal effects. Under various geomagnetic conditions, the electron densities calculated by this model agree well with the observation and provide a good description of the plasmapause movement. This MLED model, which can be easily incorporated into the previously developed radiation belt model, would be very helpful in modeling and forecasting the radiation belt electron dynamics.
In the last decades, global seismic observations have identified increasingly complex anisotropy of the Earth's inner core. Plenty of seismic studies have confirmed the anisotropy presents hemispherical variations in inner core. Here we report the effect of light elements on the anisotropy of hcp iron under inner core conditions based on ab initio molecular dynamics calculations. We found that light elements have significant effects on the density, sound velocities, and the anisotropy of hcp-Fe-X (X = C, O, Si, and S) binary alloy. For these binary alloys, the anisotropy depends on combined effects of temperature and the type of light element. Furthermore, there is a certain increase of the anisotropy strength with the increasing temperature. Alloying iron with some light elements such as C or O actually does not improve but reduces the strength of anisotropy of pure iron at high temperatures. Oppositely, light element S can significantly enhance the elastic anisotropy strength of hcp-Fe.
The role of Moonquake hazard distribution (peak ground acceleration, PGA; instrumental intensity Moonquakes scale, IIM) on the co-seismic moment is critical for understanding the lunar quake (including the shallow and deep lunar quakes). Here, we use Lagrangian analysis methods and lunar surface image extraction-calibration technologies to investigate the relationship between the co-seismic induced ground motion (PGA and IIM) and the rolling trajectories of the lunar boulder on the lunar slope. First, the inverse algorithm, the validation of IIM (00.18g_m), the certain critical rolling condition between the PGA and the IIM, and the falling boulder are obtained. Then, the correlation between IIM scale (scale I, ~ 0 m⁄s^2 ; scale II, ~ 0.0017g_m; scale III, 0.0017g_m0.014g_m; scale IV, 0.014 g_m0.039g_m; scale V, 0.039 g_m0.092g_m; scale VI, 0.092g_m0.18g_m) and different parameters (e.g., lunar slope 1°44°; lasting time, t, 0.12s ; fixed PGA coefficient, the ratio of the vertical component to the horizontal component of PGA amplitude, A_y0⁄A_x0 =2) is simulated and discussed. All these results play an important role in understanding lunar quakes' mechanism and the internal structure evolution. The elevation extraction-cal


Portugal Population 2021
Population Portugal 2021 is 10 276 697 people. Portugal ranks 90 in terms of population in the world - 0.13% of all inhabitants of the Earth. The capital of Portugal is Lisbon, the official currency is the Euro (EUR). Chislennost.com has used information from reliable sources. Find out the population of a country, city, district at Chislennost.com.
 1. Population rank
 2. Life expectancy
 3. Age
 4. Total area
Population of Portugal
10 276 697 people Flag of Portugal Flag of Portugal Data in July 2021
Population rank, Life expectancy, age and total area Portugal
Population rank Portugal 10 276 697 people
Male population 48.5%
Female population 51.5%
Life expectancy Portugal
Life expectancy Male 75.3
Life expectancy Female 82
Median age Portugal 43.9 age
<15 years 16.2%
15 - 65 years 65.8%
>65 years 18%
Total area
Total area Portugal 92120 km2 (#109 in world)
Population density 111.56 per km2
The site chislennost.com uses information from official sources and is updated every month. Some data may differ due to the lack of the latest census.
⚡ When was the population counted?
The population count in Portugal was carried out in 2021.
⚡ What place does Portugal occupy in terms of population on Earth?
Portugal takes 90st place in the ranking of the population of countries on Earth.
⚡ Which city is the capital of Portugal?
The capital of Portugal is the city of Lisbon with a population of 547 733 people.


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(Relaxnews) – A new study announced Tuesday supports hitting your gym's weight room, finding that people who pump iron are less likely to have risk factors linked to heart disease and diabetes.
Researchers from Brooks College of Health, University of North Florida analyzed data from the _PHONE_ National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), an ongoing study of health risks in the US. The team found that from a pool of 5,618 subjects, 8.8 percent answered yes to questions about lifting weights, with men twice as likely to lift weights as women. Also younger people lifted weights more than people aged 50 years or older.
Researchers then measured for metabolic syndrome, a cluster of risk factors for heart disease and diabetes such as large waist circumference, high triglyceride levels, reduced levels of HDL or "good" cholesterol, elevated blood pressure and high glucose levels.
Lifting weights was linked with a 37 percent reduction in the odds of metabolic syndrome, the researchers stated.
"Exercise professionals should strongly encourage the activity of lifting weights among adults of all ages to promote metabolic health," stated researchers Peter M. Magyari and James R. Churilla in a release. Their findings were published in The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research.
In a separate study published this month, researchers from Bispebjerg University Hospital in Copenhagen, Denmark, found that taking a brisk walk for 30 minutes a day can cut your risks for heart disease and diabetes. Those findings appear online in BMJ Open.
For more Health & Beauty click here.
Category: Health and Beauty


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Let $C$ be a non-reduced locally complete intersection curve on a smooth degree $d$ surface in $\mathbb{P}^3$ (for example a non-reduced Cartier divisor). For simplicity we can assume that $d>deg(C)$. Denote by $C_r$ the reduced scheme associated to $C$. It is clear the normal sheaves, $N_{C|\mathbb{P}^3}$ and $N_{C_r|\mathbb{P}^3}$ are locally free. Also, recall under the closed immersion, $i:C_r \hookrightarrow C$ we have the canonical maps, $i^*:H^0(N_{C|\mathbb{P}^3}) \to H^0(i^*N_{C|\mathbb{P}^3})$ and $H^0(N_{C_r|\mathbb{P}^3}) \to H^0(i^*N_{C|\mathbb{P}^3})$.
The question is whether it is true that the image of the latter map is contained in the image of $i^*$.
share|improve this question
What is the second map? – Sasha Nov 27 '12 at 18:38
I don't understand why $N_{C/{\bf P}^3}$ is locally free in general, unless you always assume that $C$ is a Cartier divisor. – Damian Rössler Nov 27 '12 at 23:31
_USER_: Sorry, I meant to write a local complete intersection curve. Will update the question. – Naga Venkata Nov 28 '12 at 14:20
_USER_: The second map arises from the natural morphism: $N_{C_r|\mathbb{P}^3} \to i^*N_{C|\mathbb{P}^3}$ – Naga Venkata Nov 28 '12 at 14:35
That is my question. How do you construct such a morphism? – Sasha Nov 28 '12 at 18:26
Your Answer
Browse other questions tagged or ask your own question.


text: When male fruit flies find a bounty of food, they mark the territory with a pheromone called 9-tricosene. The pheromone entices females to lay their eggs nearby, presumably to give the offspring a full meal and a chance to survive, according to a team of researchers led by Christopher J. Potter of Johns Hopkins University (eLife 2015, DOI: 10.7554/elife.08688). The chemical mark also acts as a dinner-is-ready beacon to other Drosophila melanogaster that aggregate in response to the scent in search of the promised buffet. The team found that 9-tricosene activates a family of odor receptors known as Or7a. These receptors are also activated by several alcohols, aldehydes, and E2-hexenal, a volatile compound that wafts from damaged plants—another food source for the tiny insects—and that in turn also guides egg-laying behavior. The research suggests that a variety of chemically distinct signals activate Or7a receptors triggering a common behavioral response—laying eggs near a promising food source.


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Don't be so quick to ask for extra butter on your popcorn.
A recent study published in Chemical Research in Toxicology has found a troubling link between artificial butter flavoring in microwave popcorn and Alzheimer's disease.
Diacetyl, a flavoring used to produce the buttery flavor and aroma in microwave popcorn, has an architecture similar to a substance that makes beta-amyloid proteins clump together in the brain.
This clumping is the hallmark of Alzheimer's disease.
Diacetyl is also used in margarine, snack foods, candy, baked goods, pet foods, and other products such as beer and some chardonnay wines. Not the chardonnay!
The substance has been the focus of research recently because it is linked to respiratory and other problems in workers at microwave popcorn and food-flavoring factories. The outcome shows that occupational exposure may also be causing toxic effects on nerve cells.
The views and opinions expressed here are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of NBC, NBC 5, NBCDFW.com or its employees.


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Rio Grande Cichlid
As its name implies, the Rio Grande cichlid is a native of the Rio Grande river system in southern Texas and northeastern Mexico, making it the northernmost of all new world cichlids. It became a popular aquarium fish in the 1980s, and began showing up in suburban canals around New Orleans soon after that. It is assumed that pet owners are responsible for multiple releases, and it did not take long for the fish to spread its range throughout the south shore of Lake Pontchartrain. Although the Rio Grande cichlid is a freshwater fish, it has grown tolerant to salinities of at least 5 parts per thousand (sea water is about 35 ppt). Its ability to tolerate salty water means that it will be able to spread throughout aquatic systems all over the estuary where salinities would otherwise act as a natural control. The Rio Grande cichlid is omnivorous, meaning it feeds on plants, insects, and small fishes. This species competes directly and indirectly with sunfish and other natives.
Common Name(s): Rio Grande Cichlid, Rio Grande Perch, Texas Cichlid
Date of Introduction to the United States: 1980s
Place of Origin: Rio Grande system
Method of Introduction: Accidental releases through aquarium trade
Problem(s): Can out-compete native fish, could also pose a threat to aquatic vegetation, and can have parasites harmful to native fish.
Current Range: Areas around the east bank of New Orleans, Louisiana in the Lake Pontchartrain estuary. Not yet found in the Barataria-Terrebonne system.
Control Methods: Mechanical
Source: Center for Bioenvironmental Research at Tulane


Prehistory of the Lea Valley: Stone Age to Iron Age
Prehistory of the Lea Valley: Stone Age to Iron Age c.1,000,000 BC – 43AD
This incredible period of history lasted over 1,000,000 years. Dramatic changes in climate shaped the landscape we see today. The oldest period is known as the Stone Age because of the main material people used to make tools with at the time. Remains of these tools, and the animals that were hunted with them can still be found around this area and many of them are on display in Lowewood Museum.
There are three periods within the Stone Age, which mark changes in the stone tools that were made. During the Palaeolithic, or Old Stone Age, the main tool was the handaxe. This was a large piece of flint with one rounded edge that fitted comfortably in the hand. There was also a sharp edge that could be used for a range of different jobs such as cutting meat and wood, scraping animal hides or making other tools. In the Mesolithic, or Middle Stone Age, stone tools got smaller and a range of different tools were made to suit different jobs. In the Neolithic, or New Stone Age, stone tools were polished which made them much stronger.
During the Palaeolithic period there were great changes in the climate between cold and warm periods. During cold periods the landscape round here was covered by wide open grasslands where woolly mammoth, woolly rhino and bison thrived. In warmer periods grasslands were replaced by forests which suited different animals, such as straight tusked elephants and aurochs, an ancient type of wild cattle.
Mammoth Tooth
Molar tooth of a woolly mammoth.
Elephant Tusk and Flints
Bone of a straight tusked elephant, flint axes and hammer stone.
During the Mesolithic period which started about 8,800 BC, the climate warmed again. Forests grew and different animals such as wild boar, deer, foxes and badgers moved here across the land bridge with Europe. Mammoth and other animals that preferred cold conditions moved further north and across to what we now know as Siberia. The land bridge was finally cut off about 6,500BC when sea levels rose. People had to adapt their tools to suit hunting different animals in a different landscape. They made small arrowheads for hunting deer in forests and smaller scrapers for cutting and cleaning meat and skins.
In the Neolithic period, people used stronger polished stone tools to cut down trees and plough land so they could grow food by farming as well as hunting.
The Bronze Age began around 2,600BC when people worked out how to extract metal ore from rock. Bronze, an alloy of copper and tin, could be heated until it turned into liquid, and then poured into clay moulds to make axe heads useful for clearing even more land for farming. The majority of Bronze Age objects in the Museum's collection were found in Half Hide Lane, Cheshunt during an archaeological dig in 1983.
Around 800 BC, the Iron Age began when people worked out how to create the high temperatures needed to heat iron and hammer it in to shape. Iron was even stronger than bronze, allowing for more tools and equipment to be made. Wooden fragments on display in Lowewood Museum are evidence of a possible Iron Age Lake Village was found at Fishers Green.
Find out more about the prehistoric people, animals and places of Broxbourne within Lowewood Museum's Braham Gallery.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I'm pretty sure celery is 芹菜. qin2 cai4
I heard people referring to bok choy as qin cai as well, but I believe it was qin1 cai4. Is this correct? When I look up bok choy, it is 白菜 bai2cai4 which sounds phonetically similar to bok choy.
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what this mean pakchoy? what this mean bokchoy? Why? what the different pakchoy and bokchoy? – user3058 Jul 21 '13 at 7:06
4 Answers 4
up vote 4 down vote accepted
You probably mean qing1 cai4 (青菜). It is used for green vegetables in general, but is also used for Chinese cabbage.
现代汉语规范词典 has this to say: 1. 名 一般指小白菜或油菜。 2. 名 泛指蔬菜。
小白菜 is typically translated as Chinese cabbage or bak choy in dictionaries and also used like this in many places in China, in other places people often mean baby bak choy when they use 小白菜.
_URL_ has this to say:
Baby Pak choi, Shanghai Pak choi, or mei quin choi (Chinese: 上海白菜; pinyin: Shànghǎi báicài; Japanese: 青梗菜, chingensai) refers to greener varieties where the varioles are also green. It is simply a less-mature version that could develop into the white-stemmed variety with more time to grow before being harvested. In Shanghai and other eastern China provinces, it is simply called qīngcài (青菜; literally blue/green vegetable) or qīngjiāngcài (青江菜; literally "blue/green river vegetable").
share|improve this answer
芹菜 is celery.
小白菜 is not actually bok choy. The proper English name is "baby bok choy". Bok choy is a much larger vegetable that looks a little bit like a head of lettuce. It doesn't come in the form of individual stalks and one bok choy weighs a couple of pounds.
share|improve this answer
As theGoose mentioned, it depends on where in China you are. In many places 小白菜 really means bak choy and not baby bak choy. – BertR Apr 2 '12 at 7:46
bok choy in Mandarin (Northern part of China) saying is 小白菜 (baby bok choy). The north don't just say bok choy, it's always added a 小 (baby, little, small) before anything else. That's their culture of saying things than the Cantonese at the southern part of China. The Cantonese saying is just the two words bok choy or 白菜子. The 子 at the end means 'baby,little, small, tiny' refer to as 小 (baby, small) in Mandarin. Mandarin put the '小, baby, little' at the beginning of the phrase while the Cantonese leave it at the end of the phrase. It all ended up the same meaning, it just reverse it.
share|improve this answer
qin1 cai4 means 青菜 or 小白菜.
some people used to say qin1 cai4
I'd like call it 小白菜.
白菜 is bigger than 小白菜
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


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When your family newsletter has a theme, it helps keep the information organized and relevant. You don't need to wait for a holiday or big special event to create a newsletter when you use other creative family themes.
Choose one family member to highlight for the entire newsletter. Use a competition theme with images like trophies, medals, or a winner's podium. Add pictures of the family member to the podium and put his or her name on the trophies to personalize.
Pick a fun title like "Smith Family Newsletter: MVP Jim Edition." Then add sections such as:
- Favorite Things: Describe what movies, music, and other activities he enjoys.
- Stats: Offer up the basics of height, current hair color, and age.
- What's New: Let him give an exclusive interview with information on whatever might be new in his home, academic, or social life.
Favorite Movie or TV Show
If your family has been binge watching a particular show or re-watching one movie regularly, use that as inspiration for your newsletter. Replace the faces of the cast with your family member's faces when using images from the show or movie.
Consider options you'd see on a DVD's main menu or parts of a television show as sections:
- Cast: Decide which family member would play each character, and then describe why.
- Main Feature: Highlight the most exciting thing that's been happening for the family recently.
- Sneak Peaks: Offer enticing information about what might appear in next month's newsletter without totally giving it away.
Everyone in your household was likely born in at least a couple different decades. Choose one decade when you were all alive and highlight that, or pick the decade when one person was born. Look for pictures of family members from the decade you chose and clip art images of popular things from that time. For the 1960's you might use a wavy font and peace signs, while the 1990's would warrant a more digital font and neon colors.
Keep all the formatting and content true to the decade.
- Stages of the Decade: Split sections into the early, mid, and late years of the decade and describe a memory or two for each from your family.
- Then and Now: Add pictures of the family then and one now to show the difference.
- Family Timeline: Create a timeline of events related to your family from that decade like births, deaths, or weddings.
- Use lots of question mark graphics and a black and red or purple color scheme to give that mysterious feeling of a magic show.
- If you want to get really tricky, use disappearing ink markers to write secret messages and include the marker readers will need to make the words appear.
- You can also give a fun secretive effect by turning some sections into a scratch-off message by drawing over the words with a white crayon then painting over it with a two-to-one paint and dish soap mixture.
Offer up information readers may not know already know.
- Who Dunnit?: Provide a series of questions about family members followed by a collage that includes a picture of each person. Readers will have to guess which person matches each question.
- Who's Who?: Include a baby picture of each family member to see if readers can guess who's who.
- Answers: Don't forget to include an answer key in the bottom corner. Turn the text upside-down so readers won't see the answers as they read the newsletter.
Text or Instant Message Theme
Give your newsletter a modern technology twist with a messaging theme. Readers will feel like they're actually talking to you via text or instant messenger.
- Format the sections in callout shapes that look like speech or thought bubbles from comic books.
- Embellish with emoji clip art.
- Turn family member photos into emojis by drawing exaggerated facial features on the photographs with permanent markers such as heart eyes or tears.
Take inspiration from popular text abbreviations for each section.
- ROFL (rolling on the floor laughing): Highlight funny moments with a short story recap.
- TTYL (talk to you later): Include contact information for everyone like email addresses, Twitter handles, or Instagram handles.
- YOLO (you only live once): Share stories about unique opportunities or activities.
Add Personality to Family Newsletters
Whether you send one out monthly or annually, family newsletters help relatives near and far stay informed. Give your family newsletter some fun and personality by incorporating a theme that resonates with you.


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Effect of citrus peel extracts on the cellular quiescence of prostate cancer cells
A recent study has revealed that citrus peel extracts (CPE) have the potential to prevent prostate cancer from recurring in post-therapy cancer patients. A component of CPE, flavonoids, have previously been found to have anticancer effects, but appear to lack the correct structure to prevent tumors in patients with prostate cancer. This specific study found that the citric acid present in CPE was the contributing factor to its anticancer effects but mentioned that flavonoids should continue to be researched for chemopreventive benefits.
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text: A test instrument, made up of 25 items, derived from existing standardized tests from literature, was used to probe for the students' knowledge and understanding of basic mechanics concepts, as well as the confidence in the correctness of their answers. The test was administered to 982 first entering physics students; enrolled at three South African universities, at the beginning of the year before any formal instruction could take place. Data collected for this study included students' responses from multiple-choice questions and open-ended explanations to their chosen answers. The analysis of the multiple-choice responses and the written explanations revealed the existence of alternative conceptions among students and that the students' accuracy of judgment about their knowledge and understanding of basic mechanics concepts is different among the different cohorts. Physics education research, has over a number of years, revealed that students have alternative conceptions about physical processes. These alternative conceptions are accumulated from the students' past personal experiences, interactions with people around them and the environment they live in. It was found from the study that the strength of the known alternative conceptions differs among the different cohorts. There are those alternative conceptions that are easier to correct with sound teaching. These alternative conceptions exist mostly in worst performing cohorts and less so in the best performing cohorts. There are those alternative conceptions that persisted despite better teaching. These alternative conceptions are found in all the cohorts. The certainty of response analysis revealed the differences in the relationship between performance and confidence among the students from the three universities. It was also found that students make incorrect judgment about their knowledge and understanding of basic mechanics concepts. The overall trend emerging from the study was that students seem to be overconfident about their knowledge and understanding of basic mechanics concepts, but that students with a good command of mechanics concepts made the best judgment about the correctness of their answers. The item-by-item analysis of students' responses revealed that in most cases the best performing students make quality judgment about their performance, while poor perfOlming student always make inaccurate judgments about their performance. Analysis of the students' written explanations and item difficulty revealed that the Hasan et al. (1999) study is lacking in the differentiation between lack of analytical skills and the presence of alternative conceptions. Lack of analytical skills cannot be classified as evidence of the presence of alternative conceptions. The student may be having knowledge of the necessary concepts, but lack higher order analytical skills to be able to interpret situation presented.


text:
- Published on Jan 30, 2013
- Contact Diane Swanbrow
According to a new study of more than 75,000 adults, women in that age group are more empathic than men of the same age and than younger or older people.
"Overall, late middle-aged adults were higher in both of the aspects of empathy that we measured," said Sara Konrath, assistant research professor at the University of Michigan Institute for Social Research and co-author of an article on age and empathy forthcoming in the Journals of Gerontology: Psychological and Social Sciences.
"They reported that they were more likely to react emotionally to the experiences of others, and they were also more likely to try to understand how things looked from the perspective of others."
Konrath and colleagues Ed O'Brien and Linda Hagen of U-M and Daniel Grühn of North Carolina State University analyzed data on empathy from three separate large samples of American adults, two of which were taken from the nationally representative General Social Survey.
They found consistent evidence of an inverted U-shaped pattern of empathy across the adult life span, with younger and older adults reporting less empathy and middle-aged adults reporting more.
According to O'Brien, U-M doctoral student in social psychology, this pattern may result because increasing levels of cognitive abilities and experience improve emotional functioning during the first part of the adult life span, while cognitive declines diminish emotional functioning in the second half.
But more research is needed in order to understand whether this pattern is really the result of an individual's age, or whether it is a generational effect reflecting the socialization of adults who are now in late middle age.
"Americans born in the 1950s and '60s—the middle-aged people in our samples – were raised during historic social movements, from civil rights to various antiwar countercultures," the authors explain. "It may be that today's middle-aged adults report higher empathy than other cohorts because they grew up during periods of important societal changes that emphasized the feelings and perspectives of other groups."
Earlier research by O'Brien, Konrath and colleagues found declines in empathy and higher levels of narcissism among young people today as compared to earlier generations of young adults.
O'Brien and Konrath plan to conduct additional research on empathy, to explore whether people can be trained to show more empathy using new electronic media, for example.
"Given the fundamental role of empathy in everyday social life and its relationship to many important social activities such as volunteering and donating to charities, it's important to learn as much as we can about what factors increase and decrease empathic responding," Konrath said.
The research was supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship to O'Brien, and an American Association of University Women Fellowship and grant from Wake Forest University's Character Project to Konrath.
Established in 1949, the University of Michigan Institute for Social Research is the world's largest academic social science survey and research organization, and a world leader in developing and applying social science methodology, and in educating researchers and students from around the world. ISR conducts some of the most widely cited studies in the nation, including the Thomson Reuters/University of Michigan Surveys of Consumers, the American National Election Studies, the Monitoring the Future Study, the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, the Health and Retirement Study, the Columbia County Longitudinal Study and the National Survey of Black Americans. ISR researchers also collaborate with social scientists in more than 60 nations on the World Values Surveys and other projects, and the institute has established formal ties with universities in Poland, China and South Africa. ISR is also home to the Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research, the world's largest digital social science data archive. For more information, visit the ISR website at _URL_.


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In this article, we have covered different topics that fall under GST Payment. Here is the table content for the same:
Under the GST regime, there are various types of GST payment and they are:
Intra-state supply; wherein the taxpayer is required to pay CGST that goes into the Central Government Account and SGST/UTGST that goes into the account of the concerned Union Territory or State.
Inter-state supply; in this type of supply, the taxpayer is required to pay IGST which will have components of both CGST and SGST and GST payment received directly remits to the Central Government account.
Generally, every supplier supplying goods and services is required to pay GST online. However, there are certain cases where the recipient is required to pay GST online such as imports and other notified supplies. These kinds of supplies are known as reverse charge supplies. Moreover, there are certain cases where the liability to pay tax is on 3rd person, the common example of such supplies are TCS and TDS.
As per section 12 and 13 of the GST Act, the taxpayer is required to pay GST on goods or services at the time of their supply. The supply time as per the GST Act is generally the earliest of the following,
Here is a process through which a taxpayer can make GST payment online:
STEP-1 Log in to the GST Portal (_URL_) using valid credentials and captcha code
STEP-2 From the drop-down of services choose payments and under the payments option you can find the link of creating challan
STEP-3 After entering the amount of payment, choose the method of GST payment. There are three option to make GST Payment online and they are
Once all the details have been furnished, click on the Generate Challan button.
Note: For over the counter GST payment there is a limit of 10K INR per challan.
STEP-4 After clicking on the Generate Challan button a challan will generate containing all the details of taxes. Once you make GST Payment online or offline the amount paid will reflect into the cash ledger of the taxpayer.
Ans. A challan is valid for 15 days from the date of its generation. Howsoever, the taxpayer can generate a new challan after the expiry of the previous one.
Ans. CPIN is an acronym for Common Portal Identification Number that is a fourteen digit identification number that helps in identification of the generated challan.
Ans. CIN is Challan Identification Number that is of 17 digits where the first 14 digits are CPIN and the following 3 digits are bank code. CIN is generated by authorized bank or RBI when the amount is credited into the relevant account of government. The CIN generated is communicated to both the taxpayer and GSTN.


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Radar technology has been around for the longest time now. It is applicable in a variety of industries and its usage spans a number of applications. One such application is in weather. Weather radar is mostly used in the collection of data regarding the weather and its components. In this paper, we look at the advantages and disadvantages of weather radar.
1. High quality of data:
One of the main advantages of weather radar is the fact that the data collected by the radar is of high quality and can be used to determine various aspects of the weather reliably.
2. Reliable weather forecasts:
The forecasting of the weather is one of the most important uses of weather radar. Through radar technology, experts have been able to reliably predict the weather and sometimes even measure the exact amount of rainfall or precipitation.
3. More accurate results: Using weather radar to determine the weather and even to predict the weather results in much more accurate results. Radar can easily measure the exact amount or quantity of a particular weather element and use this to determine the expected forecasts.
4. Locate precipitation: Weather radar can also be used to locate precipitation in any given area of the earth. This information comes in handy when determining the exact amount of rainfall that is expected.
5. Can calculate the speed of precipitation:
Besides locating precipitation, weather radar can also be used to calculate the exact speed of precipitation, a fete that was previously impossible using the conventional means.
6. Can determine the structure of storms:
Weather radar has been used extensively by experts to determine the structure of storms. This information is then used to build the profile of expected storms and put in place mitigating measures.
7. Hail detection:
We can also use weather radar to detect hailstorms that are expected within a particular locality. This information is important in determine the exact nature of the hailstorms and help prevent its effects.
8. Research: Weather radar also comes in handy in the field of research where experts can use it to profile the weather of a given area and use the patterns to predict the climate of that area and help people in planning.
9. Flood forecasting: Weather radar can also be used for flood forecasting to predict the occurrence of floods.
10. Weather surveillance: Weather radar helps in profiling the weather of a given area provides people with the confidence of the climate and also advises on the expected weather at a given time.
1. Cannot detect fog: Weather radar has the limitation of not being able to detect fog. This creates a gap in weather forecasting where an area that is likely to receive fog is not properly profiled.
2. Cannot detect wind independently:
Weather radar is not known to detect wind independently unless with the use of additional remote sensing. This also creates a gap weather forecasting.
3. Not entirely reliable:
Weather radar has a variety of limitations that makes it lack in some of the most important forecasting principles. This means the radar is not entirely reliable in terms of weather forecasting.
4. Requires expertise to analyze: The usage of weather radar to forecast the weather is not an easy thing and requires some level of expertise analyze the data that comes through it.
5. Relies on intense datasets:
There is a huge dataset associated with the weather radar that needs to be analyzed before any decision is made. This data is so big that it may take considerable amount of time to analyze fully.
6. The analysis is not instant: The weather analysis done through weather radar is not always instant and therefore the information is not real time.
7. Weather changes all the time: The weather is a phenomenon that changes all the time. This means that any delay in data collection may sometimes result in useless data.
8. The estimates can be wrong: The estimates obtain from weather radar are not 100 percent accurate. This means that the data may be wrong in some cases and this may impact on the final decision making.
9. Radar technology keeps growing: Radar technology is not static. It is dynamic and it keeps growing at a really fast pace. This means that scientists need to keep up with the technology which can be expensive and time consuming.
10. More interference: Radar technology experiences interference from various aspects of the weather including water, wind and so on. This may affect the quality of the data and hence the results of the analysis.


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SHOE Ontologies declare:
HTML pages with embedded SHOE data may:
SHOE allows n-ary relations, horn clause inference, simple inheritance in the form of classification, multi-valued relations, and a conjunctive knowledge base. It does not currently allow negation, disjunction, or arbitrary functions and predicates.
SHOE attempts to make it difficult for entities to pretend to be other entities by providing an easily verifiable key scheme based on URLs.
Agents using SHOE should assume that declarations made by entities are claims of those entities, not simple facts. If ten people are claiming to be Marilyn Monroe's lost daughter, a SHOE agent shouldn't be storing the "fact" that Marilyn has ten children.
1.9 Is SHOE SGML-compliant?As of version 1.0, yes. Earlier versions were not. As a result, you'll notice some significant syntactic changes between versions 0.993 and 1.0, though there have been few semantic changes to the language. Here's the SHOE SGML DTD.
1.10 Is SHOE XML-compliant?
The short answers is yes, the XML version of the SHOE DTD can be found
However, in order to keep XML simple, practices that were common in
many existing SGML applications (including HTML) are not allowed in XML.
To include XML-compliant SHOE in a web page, one must first make sure
that the HTML is XML compliant. See the W3C's recommendation
XHTML 1.0: The Extensible
HyperText Markup Language for guidelines on this process.
To include SHOE in XHTML markup, simply follow the guidelines set forth in
the W3C's Namespaces
in XML Recommendation. Essentially, this means insert the following
at the desired location in the document:
Due to the differences between SGML and XML, SHOE XML must obey more restrictions than the original SHOE syntax. First, all empty elements, i.e., elements which have no content and no end tag, must end with a '/>' instead of a '>'. Specifically, this applies to the USE-ONTOLOGY, DEF-CATEGORY, DEF-ARG, DEF-RENAME, DEF-CONSTANT, DEF-TYPE, CATEGORY, and ARG elements. Second, no attribute minimization is allowed. Therefore, when specifying VAR or CONST within the categories or arguments in an inference rule, the attribute name USAGE must be explicitly provided, e.g. USAGE="VAR" instead of VAR. Third, since XML is case-sensitive, all element and attribute names must be in lower case. Finally, all attribute values must always be quoted, including those which are numeric as well as the "FROM" and "TO" keywords. Future versions of SHOE are likely to recommend that all SHOE documents follow these rules.
SHOE can also be used independently of XHTML. A non-embedded SHOE XML
document must begin with the following lines:
1.11 Where can I find a list of SHOE ontologies?
We maintain a list of SHOE ontologies. If you develop your own ontologies, we encourage you to share them with the Internet community by notifying us and allowing us to include your ontology in the list.
Where can I find other example ontologies?
There are a number of different formal ontologies written in languages other than SHOE. We provide pointers to some of those that are available on the Web.
2. The Knowledge Annotator
2.1 What is the difference between the application and applet versions of the Knowledge Annotator?The applet version can be run by accessing the Knowledge Annotator home page with a Java-enabled browser. Since it is a Java applet, it is subject to the usual security restrictions of applets. As such, it can only open web pages that are on the server on which the applet resides (in this case, cs.umd.edu) and it cannot read or write to the client machine (your computer). The application version does not have these restrictions, but in order to use it, you must first download the code. Also, Java code is not compiled into native machine code, so you need a Java interpreter such as java or jre to run it.
2.2 Why won't the Knowledge Annotator applet work on my machine?The applet should run on any browser with a correct implementation of Java 1.0. Unfortunately, most browsers have their own unique bugs in their implementations. Troubleshooting information is available here.
2.3 Why do I get the error message "Unable to start a java applet. Can't find 'java40.jar' in your CLASSPATH." when I open the Knowledge Annotator web page in my browser?If you get this message, then you are probably running Netscape 4.0. Essentially, when the CLASSPATH environment variable (which is used by Java) is set, Netscape will only look for the core Java classes in directories specified by the CLASSPATH. If it is not set, then it looks in the default directories specified during installation. An easy workaround is to unset your CLASSPATH variable before you run Netscape. This can be done conveniently with a short script that wraps the command to execute the Netscape.
2.4 Why can't I open my web page using the Knowledge Annotator applet?As mentioned in the question 2.1 Java applets cannot open URLs that are on machines other than the server which provides the applet. We are currently working on a proxy server mechanism, where the applet will request that the server retrieve a web page for it. This will be slow though, since all of the applet's web page requests will have to be routed through cs.umd.edu, even if they are located on the same machine with which you are browsing the Web. In the meantime, we recommend that you download the application version of the Annotator and work with it.
2.5 How can I use the applet to add tags to my own web page?
As mentioned earlier, due to Java security restrictions the applet cannot read files from any server other than ours and cannot be used to save files. Therefore, we recommend that you download the application version of the Knowledge Annotator if you wish to add SHOE to your pages. However, as long as you only use ontologies that are available on _URL_, there is a way to use the applet version of the annotator:
2.6 How do I set up the Annotator to work with the Java Developer's Kit on Windows 95?
If you haven't previously used the JDK, then we recommend that you use the Java Runtime Environment (JRE) instead. The difference is the JRE only allows you to run Java programs, while the JDK allows you to compile them. However, if you have problems running the Annotator with the JDK, try the following:


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Did You Know? Different traffic whistles in Mexico mean different things
Mayhem prevails in many Mexican cities during rush hours. The traffic in some big cities rarely seems to let up, or slow down, as vehicles jockey for the best position before becoming ensnarled in a tangled web of blocked intersections and jam-packed avenues.
Even thirty years ago, a standing joke (pun intended) in Mexico City was that the city's largest parking lot was actually the ring-road or periférico. Built originally as a means of diverting traffic away from the downtown areas, the periférico (much of it 6 lanes wide in each direction) was swallowed up in the 1960s and '70s as the city's boundaries pushed inexorably further and further into the state of Mexico. The periférico no longer helped drivers escape the clutches of Mexico City's traffic; it actively ensured that many would get trapped in it with no possible means of escape.
A casual observer of the traffic flows in most large Mexican cities could easily be forgiven for thinking that the entire experience is one best described as out-of-control anarchy.
But amazingly, some parts of the apparently chaotic daily movement of tens of thousands of vehicles between home and workplace are very carefully choreographed by traffic signs and police officials.
While most road signs, traffic signals and police gestures are self-evident, and unlikely to cause much confusion, there are some which newcomers need help to interpret correctly.
To help drivers out, police gestures are usually accompanied by penetrating whistles. These are delivered with wonderful over-statement by many traffic policemen, making them fully paid-up members of the Guild of Street Entertainers. It was several years before I discovered that their incessant whistles actually had very specific and well-defined meanings.
In Mexico City and the state of Mexico, a single short whistle means "Stop!", while two short whistles means "Carry on!". A single long whistle, however, means "Everyone stop!" Newcomers should be advised that the difference between one short and one long whistle may only become apparent when the vehicle immediately in front of them screeches to a complete, and totally unexpected, halt.
The system sounds simple enough, but, like so many facets of Mexico, it is not quite so simple as it first appears. Almost all traffic regulations are determined at either the municipal or the state, not federal, level. The fine print of traffic statutes therefore varies from one state to the next. The precise body positions used by the police when giving hand gestures (at least those used in directing traffic...), as well as the number, length and meaning of whistles, are all defined in the regulations.
Almost all states agree that one short whistle means "Stop!", while two short whistles still means "Carry on!". For other indications, though, the airwaves are somewhat more crowded.
For instance, in the states of Guanajuato and Nuevo León, three or more short whistles means "Speed up!" This is deceptively similar to the situation in Jalisco, where four short whistles means "Speed up!". However, while in Jalisco, you'd better be aware that three "regular length" (i.e. neither long nor short) whistles are an indication for "All traffic to stop!" Newcomers who slam their brakes on when they hear three normal whistles in Guadalajara should beware of any Guanajuato or Nuevo León plated vehicle immediately behind them, whose driver may already be pressing his or her foot hard down to the accelerator...
Making matters even more complicated, while we have already seen that a single long whistle in Mexico City means "Everyone stop!", in Jalisco, it officially means "Take care!" or "Proceed with caution!"
So, next time you're caught in rush hour, or hopelessly lost while trying to navigate through an unfamiliar city, listen carefully, and at least avoid infringing, even accidentally, any of the many sound (pun intended) commands issued by traffic officials.
Drive safely, and remember, "Your children are waiting for you" and "Better late than never!"
Your mileage may vary: the information contained in this article should not be construed in any way as legal advice. No responsibility is accepted for any use or abuse of the information contained herein.
Traffic regulations (full Spanish-language text) on-line:
Text © Copyright 2006 by Tony Burton. All rights reserved.


Lyran Wars and Humanity's Genetic Origins
From Ascension Glossary
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It may be hard to fathom that in this moment in the metaphysical realms we are re-living the seed of the first wars of the Anti-Christ that began in Lyra. This takes us into our true Galactic history where this war further spread into the Orion constellation, when divine humans were seeded upon our first home world, 5D Tara. There were those that were so terrorized by the pure eternal light of the forces of Love we carried in our crystal heart, that in fear they tried to eliminate us from ever incarnating again into this Universe. We are again at that same juncture in time where we have to make a decision moving forward into the next cycle of evolution, to learn from and move beyond our past history. We must call upon our true humanity, the power of our eternal Sacred Crystal Hearts, and put all of our best efforts upon the altar of serving humanity, God and spirit. We stand at the precipice of great transformation and positive change in the possibility of making choices that integrate great forces of spiritual healing, health and harmony into our world, in order to end the great Galactic War cycles that began in Lyra, from continually repeating the same destructive events of human genocidal agendas and planetary cataclysms, once and for all.
During these critical events happening on the earth now that have opened access into previous timelines, we are going back in time to observe humanity's original seeding and genetic ascendancy that is sourced directly from the Cradle of Lyra and the Lyrans. Through trans-time connection, if we can do our part to stay out of fear and continually choose love and peace, we can create a link through time in which our present timeline can phase lock into the future timeline of the Christos realignment where spiritual freedom and human freedom have already manifested. These destructive events of human genocidal campaigns and holocaust which have haunted our race for millions of years in the Galactic history will lose their power over our future destiny and will cease to manifest in this present time.
Lyran Avatar Matrix
Fourth Harmonic Universe
The fourth Harmonic Universe is the Avatar Matrix that includes the Cradle of Lyra, and the histories of invasion which led to the Fall of Lyra.
Seed of Anti-Christ Conflict
The Lyran Wars are the very first seed of Anti-Christ conflict recorded in the Universal Time Matrix, in which the Black Hole Entities intended to conquer the entire Milky Way system. This resulted in the first Galactic war intended as a rebellion over the Lyrans creation of the 12D Christos template human seedings that first began on Planet Tara. This is the original timeline in the Solar Logos Avatar Matrix where the first electronic wars and time rips were used as a genocidal campaign for committing the first Christos human holocaust when the neighboring black hole entities attacked the Royal Houses and destroyed the Lyran Gates in order to sever the Milky Way matrix from its Mother Universe, Andromeda.
The aftermath of the destruction caused by the Lyran Wars resulted in the Milky Way time matrix digressing into a Fallen Universe, in which these original Lyran coded fragments were used to form the Phantom Matrix and the Base 10 Artificial Tree of Life, that essentially became the new home for the invading forces of the NAA. After the destruction of the Lyran 12th Stargate and Lyra-Aramatena, the Emerald Order Lyran-Elohim-Feline races were appointed to serve as the primary Universal security team to repair the timeline architecture, but also to carry out the reclamation of the Christos Mission and assist the many other fallen races in order to be able to continue a path of evolution to Ascension. These fallen races have been partially or fully assimilated into AI programs, black hole technology that was historically used both as a technological weapon to enslave other living matrices, and to pull them into phantom matrices where those captured would be consumed and eaten. The point of AI infection of this Black Hole Technology ripping holes into our matrix and infecting our system began during the Lyran Wars, which was also intended to stop the seeding of Founder and Christos races.
The first lineages of the main original Lyran-Elohim-Feline humanoid races were also called the Anuhazi of the Emerald Order. The Anuhazi embodied as the liquid light biological forms of the original Christos races in this Universe existing in the Solar Logos fields of Lyra-Aramatena and are the Founder emanations that embodied the architecture of the Cosmic Sovereign Law of One, which includes the ancient builder templates of God creator code. The Lyran-Elohim-Felines were supervising the Sirians to host the seeding of 12 Strand DNA genetics on the 5D planet Tara for Christos race embodiment. After the Fall of Tara, the Anuhazi down stepped themselves into the lower dimensions through the Azurites and Oraphim 24-48 DNA strand template to create the Interdimensional Free World Councils. This was to protect and embody in the Universal Stargate locations to repair AI damage, and to reassemble and protect the Royal House of Lyra's original genetic library which was the source code design for Christos forms.
The Royal Houses of Lyra
The Trinity of the Emerald Order, Gold Order and Amethyst Order incarnations that were seeded in the fourth Harmonic Universe in the Lyran Matrix are known as the Royal Houses.[1]
AI Infection, Reversal Polarity
During the Lyran Wars, the destruction created rips and tears in the fabric of space-time generating severe damage in the time matrix which further resulted in an unnatural black hole system, which appears to have made our fallen time matrix easily susceptible to this mass AI infection. The unnatural black hole was exploited by the NAA to build their artificial realities into the phantom matrix, an AI system that siphons energy from living things. The Phantom matrix is set to run on reversed polarity currents fed through the Victim-Victimizer (V-V) polarity software, which then mutated itself into several dimensional layers of AI programming. The infection began at the point of the Lyran Gate destruction and with the Solar Logos body fragmenting its consciousness into the lower particle dimensions, while this AI infection of the V-V was put in each dimensional layer as a trojan horse that would generate extreme polarity reversal and gender splitting in each of the down stepped spectrums of frequency.
Reversal Polarity Currents were designed to stop Polarity Integration and eliminate tri wave manifestation, which is required for these parasitic entity's survival. They also use reversal polarity current to run their Alien Machinery, artificial timelines and advanced technologies for psychotronic warfare that are used against those they intend to capture. This brings us to their foremost AI mind control weapon of choice, the mutation in consciousness that occurred from the original AI infection inserted during the Lyran Wars, which brought on the infamous Victim-Victimizer programming. The V-V software was very effective in generating polarity reversal current and creating consciousness slaves that could be controlled for the purpose of harvesting Loosh for the NAA.
Mutated Polarity Consciousness, Victim-Victimizer
The goal of the invading entities which brought on the Lyran Wars, was to destroy access between the Universal Gates, Lyran Gates and Andromeda, to prevent any metaterrestrial Founder races from gaining access into the Milky Way system, and preventing the future seedings and incarnations of the Christos Founder Races DNA. But soon the Lyran Wars spread to the constellation of Orion and through the Metagalactic Core, where it became a war with those who wanted to dominate others in this system based upon the Victim-Victimizer fear-based mind-sets. This can also be called archetypal Enemy Patterning. Entities with the Service to Self ideology were attempting to enslave or eliminate those who followed the Law of One, with the ideology of Service to Others that held love-based mind sets.[2]
See Also
Natural Laws
Tyranny or Freedom