text:
Jonathan J. Hazard
(1744 – c. 1824) was an American
statesman and anti-federalist
who served as a delegate for Rhode Island
in the Continental Congress
Jonathan was born to a Quaker
(Religious Society of Friends) family in Newport, Rhode Island
. He was first elected to the Rhode Island General Assembly
in 1776. In 1777 and early 1778 he served as paymaster of the Rhode Island regiment of the Continental Army
. Then in 1778 he re-entered the Assembly, serving there until 1786. In 1786 and 1787, Rhode Island's assembly appointed him as delegate to the Continental Congress. After that he returned to assembly (serving until 1805), where he became a leader of the anti-federalist Country Party
Hazard was a delegate to the state's ratifying convention that considered the U.S. Constitution
in 1789. His active opposition was one of the reasons this convention adjourned without a vote. By the following spring he at least chose to remain silent as the Assembly voted in favor of ratification on May 29, 1790. This marked the start of a steady decline in his political influence.
In 1805 Jonathan, along with his wife Patience and their younger children, moved west to a new settlement being established by the Society of Friends (Quakers) in Oneida County, New York
. He died there sometime about 1824.


How energy prices drive industry's competitiveness
How energy prices drive industry's competitiveness
Voters' complaints about energy bills can topple governments. The impact of energy prices on industry's competitiveness can be just as politically sensitive. However, there is no ready solution for policymakers looking to address the cost of energy for businesses.
Levelling the playing field
The so-called energy policy trilemma requires policymakers to strike a balance between three goals: supplies need to be secure and sustainable while remaining affordable. Affordability is not just relevant for households, but also for industry. In the EU, energy makes up between 5.7% and 8.4% of the production costs of sectors such as basic chemicals, man-made fibres, iron and steel, and paper.
Energy prices vary significantly between countries. Retail electricity tariffs for industry are higher on average in the EU than in the US, Canada, Russia, China and Turkey (though lower than in Japan and Brazil). Such differences frequently fan fears that energy-intensive industries might relocate to places where energy costs are lower – particularly for those products which can be traded relatively cheaply across borders.
These fears in turn drive lobbying for policies to ensure a "level playing field" on energy costs for industry. Many EU countries already have measures in place, such as relief from certain energy taxes and levies. In this article, we consider the extent to which they could go further.
Breaking down the bill
To appreciate what measures might be appropriate, we need first to understand the structure of energy bills in the EU. The figure below shows electricity prices for businesses and public sector organisations in 2018 across the EU, broken down into the following components:
 - Energy: The wholesale price of electricity, which reflects production costs. The greatest divergence from average prices is evident on islands, such as Malta and Cyprus, and in other regions that are less well connected to the main European grid, for instance Ireland. The variability is because the limited capacity of interconnectors, which allow power to be traded internationally, makes it difficult (or impossible) to even out cross-border price differences.
 - Networks: The costs borne by consumers associated with the transport of electricity from where it is produced to where it is consumed.
 - Other taxes/levies: These include levies intended to recover the cost of subsidising renewable energy production. As is evident from the figure, this is a significant source of the variation in retail energy prices.
Source: Frontier Economics based on Eurostat data. Note: Electricity prices for non-household consumers using 149,999 MWh or less annually. Spain and Germany excluded due to lack of data.
An alternative way of looking at the costs consumers face – and one that is perhaps more meaningful from a policymaker's perspective - is to make a distinction between:
 - Cost-reflective elements: reflecting (only) the direct costs that consumers impose on the system of producing and transporting energy; and
 - Cost-recovery charges: intended to recover irreversibly incurred costs.
Cost-reflective elements embody the principle that, to minimise total costs across the energy system, market participants should pay the costs they impose on the system. These include energy production costs, avoidable network costs and taxes on greenhouse gas emissions. By contrast, cost-recovery charges (including tariffs and levies to recoup the costs of subsidising renewable energy and of past investments in networks) are not intended to encourage a particular form of behaviour. Solutions to problems of energy cost competitiveness need to bear this distinction in mind.
Incentives and innovation
As noted above, if market participants must meet the costs they impose on the energy system, they will take them into account in all their investment and operational decisions. Actions by consumers to avoid such costs should, in turn, contribute to minimising costs across the system as a whole.
An example of this is how consumers can save money by shifting their consumption to periods when the cost of producing electricity is lower. Industry can respond to price signals, too, by switching to more energy-efficient means of production.
Public authorities can also do their bit. Funding for innovation may help unlock cheaper (secure and low-carbon) ways of producing, transporting and using energy. And, in a world of increasing linkages between gas, electricity and other energy carriers, a greater emphasis on whole energy system planning and co-ordinated system operation could help to reduce network costs.
The special case of carbon costs
The logic that requiring consumers to meet the costs they impose on the system will produce socially optimal outcomes also applies to environmental costs such as those associated with greenhouse gas emissions. The EU's emissions trading system (ETS) sets a price on carbon for power plants and industry as well as for flights within the EU.
However, as noted above, many industrial sectors in the EU are exposed to competition elsewhere in the world. And while carbon pricing initiatives are beginning to spread globally (57 have been implemented or are scheduled for implementation, covering a total of 11 Gt CO2-equivalent), these schemes vary in their stringency and scope.
Carbon pricing initiatives around the globe
This raises the spectre of 'carbon leakage': that industry may relocate production to jurisdictions with less strict carbon policies, resulting in an overall increase in global emissions. This prospect looms larger given that the price of an EU Allowance (EUA) has jumped from €10/tCO2 about a year ago to around €25/tCO2 currently.
To counter the threat of carbon leakage, the EU has introduced two instruments for affected sectors:
 - Direct cost compensation: Firms receive a limited amount of EUAs for free to cover a certain share of their direct emissions of greenhouse gases.
 - Indirect cost compensation: Member states can compensate firms financially for the carbon costs they bear in the electricity prices that are passed on by power generators.
While direct cost compensation is determined at EU level, indirect compensation is at the discretion of individual governments (subject to state aid rules). So far, only 10 member states have decided to grant compensation for indirect costs. This distorts the playing field between companies across the EU.
An EU-wide scheme for indirect cost compensation might remedy the problem. However, legislators recently discarded a proposal to that effect when they adopted reforms to the EU ETS for 2021-30.
Taxing the Frank Ramsey way
In any case, relief from carbon costs affects only a part of the energy bill. Fundamental variations in energy prices will inevitably persist for a number of reasons: transport costs differ; some countries are sunnier and windier than others and thus better suited to generating renewable energy; and some may lack suitable land for energy production facilities. The variations could be smoothed out to some extent by making it easier to trade power across borders. But, as explained above, it is taxes and levies that account for much of the divergence in retail energy prices. What can be done about them?
The economist Frank Ramsey developed a theory for optimal commodity taxation in the 1920s. The 'Ramsey Rule' is sometimes interpreted as requiring the burden of cost recovery (in our case, levies and sunk network costs) to be shouldered by those least sensitive to changes in prices (i.e. those least likely to respond by changing their consumption or production). This helps to ensure that the resulting production pattern across the economy deviates as little as possible from what is efficient from a societal perspective. For energy-intensive industries exposed to international competition, this provides a rationale for relief from cost-recovery charges.
The EU guidelines on state aid for environmental protection and energy (EEAG) implicitly recognise this principle. They allow member states to offer relief to companies in certain tradeand energy-intensive manufacturing sectors from levies on energy typically used to finance support for renewables. Case practice (the StromNEV decision) has also established that energy-intensive consumers can be granted relief from network sunk-cost recovery charges.
EU legislation could be more coherent in this matter, however. For example, EEAG limits the generosity of relief on renewable support levies in order to cap the potential for an expensive subsidy race between member states. But it would seem from the StromNEV case that the European Commission accepts the possibility that certain network users might pay only cost-reflective charges (and obtain full relief from cost recovery charges). And the Energy Taxation Directive allows full energy tax exemptions for energy-intensive businesses. While there is clearly a trade-off to be made between limiting distortions in the internal market and levelling the playing field between the EU and third countries, it is not clear why this trade-off should differ depending on the type of cost recovery charge. Nor is it clear why eligibility for relief should differ depending on the type of charge.
The incoming commission will have the opportunity to reform both EEAG and to propose more coherent rules on energy taxation. In the process of doing so, it may also be worthwhile considering:
 - How to adapt the legal framework in the EU and individual member states to give companies and investors greater certainty or visibility on the cost recovery charges they will face over the longer term;
 - Extending the rules to cost recovery issues affecting other energy carriers, such as gas and heat; and
 - Extending the rules to cover not just industry but other consumers potentially highly sensitive to energy prices, such as facilities converting power to gas and liquid fuels. The latter may not be exposed to international competition, but they might be competing (whether in the market or for public support) against alternative technologies, including biogas and biofuel production, that do not face the same levies.
There are clearly important trade-offs to be made when granting certain groups of customers relief from energy taxes and levies. Crucially, it means that other consumers (or taxpayers) will end up bearing the brunt of cost recovery charges. The fairness considerations and political compromises involved in such decisions


text: In this paper we present a paradigm to express streams and its implementation. Streams are a convenient mechanism to communicate multimedia data, for example video or audio, between systems. The paradigm is based on channels, as found in CSP and Occam, but with two important modifications. First, our Flexible Channels can be connected dynamically, and passed around as first class objects. Second, although synchronous in nature, the compiler and run time support will implement communication over channels in a less synchronised mode, when program semantics allow for this. With this technique, a programmer can use a high level language to communicate tiny messages (audio samples) at a high data rate. We have initially used streaming mode to optimise inter node communications, but we hope to use optimisations based on the same techniques to reduce overheads of communications within a node.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Japanese Dodder (Cuscuta japonica) Discovered in Lompoc
August 23, 2011
Contact: David Chang, _PHONE_
Agricultural Commissioner's Office
County of Santa Barbara
Japanese dodder has been found in the city of Lompoc, California. A sample was confirmed by the California Department of Agriculture's Botany Lab as Cuscuta cf. japonica, also known as Japanese dodder. This is the first detection of the weed in Santa Barbara County.
Currently, in Santa Barbara County, the weed is known to occur only in Lompoc. Japanese dodder could become a significant pest of agriculture, natural areas, parks and home gardens if it were to become established. It is a high priority regulated pest ("A" rated noxious weed) for federal, state and local departments of agriculture. The County Agricultural Commissioner's Office will be searching for additional infestations in the neighborhood and working on eradicating the infestation. Local citizens are encouraged to report other infestations, to not disturb the current infestation and to not intentionally plant this serious pest. Confirmed detections in Santa Barbara County are indicated in the map link below.
Japanese dodder cannot be controlled with herbicides, alone. Be especially careful to avoid spreading this serious pest. Japanese dodder can be spread by improper disposal of infested plant materials, by intentional plantings, by composting, or by birds or other animals who use the dodder for nesting material.
Japanese dodder, Cuscuta japonica, is an aggressive non-native parasitic plant that has the ability to kill its host by robbing the host of food and water. Japanese dodder is able to infect a broad range of plant types, including oak, willow, ivy, blackberry, plum, citrus, stone fruits, apple, laurel, clematis, fennel, coyote brush, and other woody and herbaceous plants, commercial crops, ornamentals, and wild plants. Japanese dodder is able to spread plant diseases like tristeza, citrus greening and other phytoplasma organisms.
Japanese dodder looks like a tangled, yellow-to-orange mass of spaghetti on a host plant. The spaghetti--sized stems differentiates the species from the thinner stems typical of native dodder species. Japanese dodder may also appear more yellow-green in color, especially when stressed, than the orange color typical of native dodders. Healthy Japanese dodder, however, may also be orange.
Please report new infestations of this plant to the
Agricultural Commissioner's Office, _PHONE_, _EMAIL_
More information is available at _URL_.
Click images to enlarge:
Additional search images:
dc August 25, 2011

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Vase shapes
Vases have been with us from the first civilisations until now. There are many types of vases and many of the names have stuck from e.g. ancient Greek. Examples include: Hydria, amphorae, kylix, kelebe, loutroporos, volute krater, column krater, bell krater, calyx krater, oenochoe, lagynos, psykter, stamnos, lecythus, pithos, askos, cantharus, kiathos, rhyton, olphe, pyxis, alabastron, and skyphos.


text:
Ban on Bottled Water Spearheaded by CAS Students
When the campus-wide effort to end bottled water sales at UVM began four years ago, it was spearheaded by the Vermont Students Toward Environmental Protection (VSTEP), a student-run, non-profit organization created in 1988 to expand UVM's recycling program and address environmental issues on Vermont campuses.
Marlee Baron '11, a VSTEP president, was among the initial group of students who wanted to address the bottled water issue and started planning "Bring Your Own Bottle" days and informational tabling events. Baron, a double major in environmental studies and Spanish who wrote her senior thesis on "Creating a Sustainable Beverage System at UVM," worked with Rubenstein School student Mikayla McDonald '10, to draft the bottled water resolutions that were eventually passed by the SGA.
Marlee, who lives in her hometown of Chicago and works for the Chicago Park District doing planning, outreach and volunteer recruitment around habitat restoration work and other natural resource projects, says that hearing the NPR report in January, "was a really exciting and strange experience. After an arduous struggle, it was affirming to have the significance of this achievement broadcast so widely: that as the first public university in the US to ban bottled water, UVM is making a loud statement to the beverage industry, as well as illuminating the path for other large institutions to follow the lead of a growing number of bottled-water free schools. At the same time, it was strange to not be on campus to hear reactions, see the infrastructural updates taken on by the university in replace of bottled water, and most importantly to celebrate with all of those dedicated students, faculty and staff who came together continuously to make this happen.
"Also I couldn't ignore the fact that while we can see this as an accomplishment, it should not be viewed as the end of the line. The elimination of bottled water was only one goal within a much broader Sustainable Beverage System vision which included measures to increase the social responsibility of beverage providers, increase the locality of beverages consumed, and make a much larger impact to waste reduction through eliminating as many single-use beverage containers as possible—not just bottles with water."
VSTEP's next president Greg Francese '12, a double major in political science and geography, also assisted in the effort by helping to collect more than 1,200 signatures from students in support of a resolution calling for a sustainable beverage system, surpassing the 10 percent requirement for an SGA resolution. Student efforts to reduce the usage of bottled water were already paying off as sales of flat, unflavored water dropped from 362,000 bottles in 2007 to 235,000 in 2010. The SGA formally voted to approve the end of bottled water sales in the fall of 2011.
Reflecting on his involvement in the ban, Greg says, "I'm still pretty proud of the work I was involved with at UVM—and certainly proud of UVM for going through with the ban. Also, I can't remember when I last bought bottled water."
Currently, Greg is a graduate student studying urban and regional planning at the University at Albany (SUNY). His concentration is in bicycle and pedestrian planning and his dream job would be working on the development of bicycle and pedestrian infrastructure for a city. He is also the City of Albany's sustainability intern, which means for the past four months he has been going around Albany documenting the location of every single bike rack. He will also be assisting in the development of criteria for safe streets for cyclists in Albany.
Last modified February 19 2013 04:50 PM


CIPFA webinar - Understanding Outcomes Measurement - Thursday 8 December
Date: Thu, 12/08/2016 - 12:30 to 13:30
Thursday 8 December 2016 at 12.30
This webinar will focus on the fundamentals of outcomes management, including how effective outcomes can be identified, measured, and linked back to organisational objectives.
About this event
This FREE, short, 45-minute webinar, run over a lunchtime, can be accessed anywhere that you can get an internet connection and on any device that is internet enabled.
As well as accessing this webinar from desktop and laptop computers, you can also access this webinar from a smartphone or tablet using the free GoToMeeting app available on the App Store and Google Play. Please download this app well in advance of the broadcast time. You may also need headphones to ensure privacy and reduced background noise from your chosen location.
Who should attend?
All those working in finance who have an interest in understanding more about outcomes measurement at the organisational level.
Webinar topics
 - Just what are outcomes and how do they differ from 'impacts', 'benefits' and other jargon?
 - How are they connected to national-level outcomes and targets?
 - How can outcomes be identified against the background noise of ever-changing shifts in people's attitudes and behaviours?
 - How do you link outcomes back to what organisations actually do?
 - How are effective outcome measures identified and used to improve things?
How to participate
Once you have signed up for this webinar, we will email you with joining instructions and a link to the webinar. Previously recorded webinars can be accessed on our YouTube channel and further details regarding our webinar programme can be found on our webinar web page
For more details please do not hesitate to call us on T: _PHONE_ 5600
Featured speakers:
Brendan McCarron: Academy Facilitator and CIPFA Senior Associate Brendan is a much sought-after consultant, trainer, writer and speaker on leadership, project management, innovation, process improvement and performance management. He has held senior management and consultancy positions in both the private and public sector.
Did you enjoy this article?


.177 vs.22 Air Rifles: Which is Better?
This post may contain affiliate links. Buying something through these links doesn't cost you anything and helps support Know Prepare Survive. For some light reading, check out our affiliate disclosure.
Air rifles have many practical uses and I believe everyone interested in survival should own one.
If you have a good air gun then you can hunt game, practice your marksmanship, defend your crops, and entertain yourself, with less expense, noise, and legal hassle than using a firearm!
While some high-caliber air rifles can get into deer-hunting territory (and can even be used for self defense!), most people are going to pick up a.177 or.22 caliber pellet gun.
What is the difference between.177 vs.22 air rifles?
Which should you buy?
And why?
.177 vs.22 Pellets – Caliber Matters
Both.177 and.22 caliber air rifles are similar in many ways, but they have certain differences that can make or break the gun for your purpose.
In both cases, the number refers to the size of the gun's bore in inches: 0.177 inches / 4.5 mm versus 0.22 inches / 5.5mm.
The obvious result is that.177 air rifles will fire a smaller pellet.
What are the non-obvious results?
Mass, especially its effect on ballistics[1].
Primarily,.22 pellets will have more mass in them than most.177 pellets, when comparing the same type of ammo. Less than a dozen grains versus over a dozen.
Newton's Second Law tells us that force equals mass times acceleration.
This extra mass is more advantageous than a bit of extra velocity and helps the pellet buck the wind better and maintain more inertia.
The result is that, if you compare two air rifles that are otherwise the same, the.22 rifle will hit harder than the.177 rifle at both the muzzle and the target[2].
As for.177 vs.22 accuracy, they'll both be just as accurate when the wind is still but the.177 pellet will get shoved more by a breeze so a.22 caliber air rifle will be slightly more accurate in real-world conditions. Outdoors.
.177 vs.22 Benjamin Marauder air rifle best for hunting competition practice
The Difference Between.177 and.22 Pellet Guns
Often, the difference between the.177 caliber and.22 caliber versions of the same model of air rifle is…
…zilch. Nothing. Nada. No difference other than caliber.
You'll often find that it's the exact same air rifle sold for the exact same amount of money, such as with the Benjamin Trail NP2.
The bore is different to fit the different caliber pellet, but otherwise, the only difference is in what size projectile you're sending downrange.
What About Barrel Harmonics?
I've seen people complain that.177 air rifles tend to be more accurate than their.22 brethren but the difference, if it even exists, is going to be minuscule.
If the barrel in both calibers has the same outside diameter then it will be a bit thicker, theoretically, from the smaller bore on the.177, making the barrel a bit stiffer.
Stiffer barrels tend to be inherently more accurate than whippy barrels.
However, air rifles are not firearms.
They have a "cold bore" because the projectile is not being pushed by rapidly expanded, heated gasses.
So, you don't have to worry about heat expansion and contraction affecting barrel harmonics.
And the factors that will apply, from a spring or air reservoir, are lower energy than the chemical explosion you'd get from gunpowder, thus minimizing their effect on barrel harmonics.
Note that you can buy tuners to tune an air rifle's barrel harmonics, but not everyone will see a benefit[3].
.177 vs.22 Air Rifles for Hunting
Knowing what you now know about.177 and.22 air rifles, which do you think would be better for hunting?
That's right:.22!
.22 is heavier and hits harder than.177.
But that's not the only consideration…
When you're deciding on a.177 or.22 air rifle for rabbits or squirrels, you also need to consider the vital areas on the animal you're hunting[4].
A.22 pellet is 0.043 inches wider in cross-section than a.177 pellet, which means that if you want to hunt with a.177 air rifle you need to be that much more accurate.
There's a common rule of thumb for hunting with these small-bore air rounds:
 - If you can hit a quarter at a certain range, you can hunt a squirrel at that range with.22
 - If you can hit a nickel at a certain range, you can hunt a squirrel at that range with.177
It doesn't matter if you have a beefy.177 and a wimpy.22. If you can regularly hit a quarter-sized target but would have missed a nickel-sized target,.177 isn't the right round for you.
Serious about hunting with an air gun? Check out the Best Air Rifles for Hunting!
Crosman Varmint Targets for practicing 17 22 air rifle hunting
What Can You Hunt with.177 Air Rifles?
Some people say to use.177 on feathers and.22 on fur.
Once you get past the coat of armor that is your average crow's plumage, birds are pretty weak.
Small and medium sized birds are good targets for.177 caliber air rifles.
Once you get into big bird territory, you'll want a bigger air rifle.
Don't try to take out a turkey with a.177 air rifle!
You can also take out tiny furry varmints with a.177 air rifle, but I wouldn't use one to take aim at a squirrel.
See our picks for the best air pistols on the market today!
What Can You Hunt with.22 Air Rifles?
.22 caliber air guns are the minimum, in my opinion, for any furred creature squirrel-sized or larger.
And even then, you still want to be as precise with your shot as possible.
Rabbits are also good targets for.22 air rifles.
Once you get to raccoons and possums, you'll be stretching the limits of the caliber. Consider using a.25 or larger air rifle.
You can still put down raccoons with a particularly powerful.22 air rifle if you don't miss the vital zone.
Check out my review of the Benjamin Marauder, an excellent air gun for hunting!
.177 vs.22 Air Rifles for Practice and Competition
On the other hand,.177 has the advantage over.22 when it comes to shooting at non-living targets.
You get more ammo for your dollar with.177 than you get with.22.
200.22 Predator Polymag pellets will cost you a buck fifty more than 200.177 Predator Polymag pellets.
150.177 Gamo Rocket pellets will only cost you half a buck more compared to 100.22 Gamo Rocket pellets, but there's 50% more pellets per container!
So, unless you're going to be shooting at an animal, it's generally a good idea to go for the cheaper ammunition.
.177 also has an advantage over.22 in that the smaller holes make it easier to see precisely where you hit the target.
This can help you visualize your shot pattern, making it easier to practice more effectively.
I will point out that.22 air rifles will be better for long-range plinking because the more massive projectile will resist wind drift more.
But, unless you're lobbing those pellets far downrange,.177 is generally the better choice for target shooting.
Both.177 and.22 air rifles have their place.
If you need to protect your garden from starlings then go for the.177 air gun.
However, if you're hunting rabbits, a.22 pellet gun will suit you better.
For paper?.177, most of the time.
And for those people who will use one air gun for all of those purposes? Go with the.22 air rifle. It'll give you more choices.
And remember to check your local laws! Regulations might restrict you to certain calibers.
Which is your favorite small-bore air rifle caliber? Let me know in the comments below!
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text:
Monetary Policy Uncertainty And Macroeconomic Performance: An Extended Non-Bayesian Framework
The existing literature has shown that less political uncertainty, or more central bank transparency, may worsen macroeconomic performance by raising the nominal wage. The authors extend this analysis to a non-Bayesian framework, where there is some aversion to ambiguity. They show that the result found in the literature under the Bayesian approach does not hold when the distance from the Bayesian case is large enough, or when a reduction in "Knightian uncertainty" is considered. Then, less uncertainty, or more transparency of the central bank, does not raise the nominal wage and, as a consequence, macroeconomic performance is not worsened (and is in general strictly improved).


text: You need to visualise what Slippery Elm does whilst it is in the gut to get a good feel for how to use it. Most manufacturer's will have you stir 1 to 2 teaspoons (1.5 to 3 g) of slippery elm powder into 1 glass of water. Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) 4. The inner bark (not the whole bark) is used as medicine. How To Start These Seeds:Scarification: Soak in water, let stand in water for 24 hoursStratification: None requiredGermination: Sow seed 1/16 inch deep, tamp the soil, mulch the seed bed. Hmmmm, that would be great if we can substitute any Elm. the leaves develop; the flowers are wind-pollinated. Elm Native to North America, Slippery Elm is a deciduous tree that can grow up to about 65 feet in height and 20 inches in diameter. Powder: Slippery elm is most often prepared and taken as a decoction. and its large samaras (½-¾" across), which have hairy seed bodies and anthers, while female flowers have a pistil with a pair of stigmata Slippery elm has been used in alternative medicine as a possibly effective aid in treating sore throat. Another common is Red Elm. Conditions The Hair. The moth caterpillar Bomolocha woodlands, Slippery Elm exists primarily as an understory tree. If you'd rather eat the slippery elm powder than drink it, place 1 to 2 teaspoons (1.5 to 3 g) of the powder into a small saucepan. The white ribs of the veins are very prominent along the flowers have Table). Fertile female or Wood Duck, Wild Turkey, Prairie Chicken, Ring-Necked Pheasant, Carolina Slippery Elm is also known as Ulmus fulma, Red Elm, Sweet Elm, Moose Elm, Indian Elm, Gray Elm, and Soft Elm. Slippery elm prepared as a poultice coats and protects irritated tissues such as skin or intestinal membranes. numerous twigs. Slippery elm is a very old topical antiseptic that was used to heal the wounds of soldiers, and also to prevent infection in the wounds. The powdered bark has been used in this manner for local application to treat gout, rheumatism, cold sores, wounds, abscesses, ulcers, and toothaches. and pay only $4.50 each. Acid reflux can happen when your lower esophageal sphincter doesn't seal and close off your esophagus from your stomach. The lower leaf Over the next four decades, the disease decimated the tree-lined streets of America and killed more than 77 million trees, and today the disease remains a threat. Individual "Slippery elm is an herbal remedy derived from the North American elm tree that has been used for centuries," says Dr. Carol Osborne, an integrative veterinarian based in Chagrin Falls, Ohio. slippery elm (Ulmus rubra)COMMON NAMES: slippery elm red elm gray elm soft elm. Other common names include red elm, gray elm, soft elm, moose elm, and Indian elm. its genus. length), Ulmus rubra Muhl.. Slippery Elm. Identifying Slippery Elm. Dissolve slippery elm powder in water and drink it. in the state by its rough-textured leaves, the forked lateral veins on Slippery elm is a water-loving tree and reaches its largest size on moist, rich soils on lower slopes, stream banks, river terraces, and bottomlands. Slippery elm is commonly crossed with Siberian elm (Ulmus pumilia). Ulmus rubra is a deciduous Tree growing to 20 m (65ft) by 15 m (49ft) at a medium rate. in its leaves, its hairy young twigs, its short pedicels (1/8" or 3 mm. It is the inner bark of the tree that is used medicinally. You'll find slippery elm based medicine in health food stores. Slippery elm has long been used in folk medicine. Constipation 5. A wooded area at Chief Shemauger Park in Urbana, Illinois. In dense deciduous The root system is woody and widely It is suggested as a helpful medicine for sore throats. Slippery Elm is an elm species native to much of the Eastern and Central United States. It can grow up to 65 feet tall though some have been measured at just under 100 feet tall.The common name of'slippery elm' arises from the fact that when the inner bark was chewed by native americans to ease dehydration and hunger, they noticed it … they are arranged in dense clusters of 5-20 flowers up to 1" across on #10) If you add slippery elm powder to tea, you'll make another good and healthy beverage. Alternate leaves are 4-6" long and 2-3" brown with reddish hairs. At least 4 lateral veins on each side of Slippery elm in herpes. the central vein are forked. Zone: 3-10 Grows to: 80 ft. when mature seeds are in short supply. Slippery elm is a tree native to North America, which can grow to a height of over 50 feet (15m). Cedar Elm. luteola (Elm Leaf Beetle) and other leaf beetles, Eriosoma twigs is reddish brown and hairy. It spread quickly to neighboring trees, then neighboring states, then the entire country. The tree has a different branching pattern to the other American species, and its heartwood is reddish-brown, giving the tree its alternative common name 'Red Elm'. It can be distinguished from other elms (Ulmus spp.) ), and Mullein (Verbascum sp.) Slippery elm, or Ulmus rubra, is a tree native to the central and eastern United States and Ontario, Canada.. Since slippery elm is a natural conditioner that is rich in nutrients, it conditions … Slippery elm, also called red elm for the color of its heartwood, (American elm is sometimes called white elm for the same reason), is a deciduous tree growing to 60 feet tall with a form similar to that of American elm but with a more upright habit of growth. It is in flower from March to May, and the seeds ripen from May to June. sometimes used as nesting habitat for such birds as the Red-Shouldered leafhoppers Eratoneura affinis, Eratoneura seeds is increased because they are available during the late spring Slippery elm has many different traits, which you can look for when trying to identify one. branches are ascending to widely spreading, becoming subdivided into The tree slippery elm, medically known as Ulmus fulva, has been around since the 19th century and was used by Native Americans in healing salves for various types of wounds, as well as taken orally for the relief of cold and flu symptoms. Acid reflux 2. Habitat Native to North America, Slippery Elm is a deciduous tree that can grow up to about 65 feet in height and 20 inches in diameter. flat ridges and shallow furrows; inner bark is more reddish brown, as ), as do the their margins. Among some of the conditions slippery elm is believed to treat are: 1. pubescence. The petioles are about ¼-½" long, light green, and short-pubescent. It was also taken orally to relieve coughs, sore throats, diarrhea, and stomach problems. Slippery elm is a tree also known as Indian Elm, Moose Elm, Olmo Americano, Orme, Orme Gras, Orme Rouge, Red Elm, Sweet Elm, Ulmus fulva, Ulmus rubra, and other names. Suitable for: light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils and prefers well-drained soil. It can grow up to 60 feet tall, but with the prevalence of Dutch elm disease and Elm Yellows, it rarely gets that big. Slippery Elm Ulmus rubra Elm family (Ulmaceae) Description: This tree is 40-80' tall (rarely taller) at maturity, forming a single trunk about 1-3' across and an ovoid crown that is sometimes flat-topped. short pedicels about 1/8" (3 mm.) flowers of Slippery Elm are unisexual or perfect (usually the latter); Elm prefers full sun to medium shade, moist to mesic conditions, and Habitat. Slippery elm trees, identified by their "slippery" inner bark, may live to be 200 years old. In Cleveland, 1930, the first great American elm tree grew sick and died of an imported disease soon identified as Dutch elm disease. Slippery Elm Powder Overall Rating. Slippery elm is a medium-sized tree native to North America. The membranous Photographic The sap of Slippery Elm is Ulmaceae -- Elm family. It oftentimes is a weed tree in rough or abandoned areas or fence rows in and around towns, self-sowing a lot, and I'm sure outrunning the Dutch Elm Disease all by itself and working on selecting its own resistant population. Below are the available bulk discount rates for each individual item when you purchase a certain amount. Slippery elm, or Ulmus rubra, is a tree native to the central and eastern United States and Ontario, Canada.. The Slippery Elm is a deciduous tree which can grow to 20 m in height with a 50 cm d.b.h.. CONTINUE Description: The powder is then used to manufacture supplements


text:
Digup is a documentary series about digital designers: surveys, portraits, interviews...
Graphic design, interaction design, animation, data visualization, installations, digital art, new medias labs…Digital production is the conjunction of visual and audio-visual productions with computer. The latter is not only the main creation tool; it is most of all, the material. Its continuing evolution and the need to keep up with innovation make it also a part of the topic.
Thanks to digital design, images and sounds have become flexible and expressive materials. Computer networks are an interactive support and a shared space that ceaselessly affect our access to knowledge, contents and alter the way we communicate. Images, sounds, motions, plastic and graphic signs are combined together and give birth to new grammars.
With the increasing number of screens and the expansion of the information society, digital design is in a state of agitation. It is an original and autonomous creation field through which, the relationship between commerce, art, science and technology are being formulated again. It is made of human stories.


- Kate
How to make and upload an audition video to YouTube
I have been watching a lot of audition videos lately, and I have noticed there is a lot of variation in video quality. Having a high-quality video makes a difference and adds polish to your application.
Here is a step-by-step guide on making and uploading an audition video to submit to a summer camp, festival, school, or competition.
Step 1: Make sure you understand the audition requirements.
Look at the website for the place where you are auditioning to get information about acceptable repertoire and what the expectations are. If you aren't sure, contact the program administrator and ask if the selections you are considering would fit the program you are applying for.
Step 2: Find a good piano, and dress for success.
Find a place with a good piano where you will be able to make your video. The piano should be in tune and in good working condition.
A video audition is a type of performance, so I recommend that an applicant consider wearing performance attire or avoiding overly casual dress.
Step 3: Set up your camera.
Although the sound quality will be higher with professional sound equipment, it is usually perfectly acceptable to make a video on a smartphone. Be sure to use a tripod or set the camera on a surface that will not move (as opposed to having someone hold it in their hands). This keeps the picture stationary and yields a more professional-looking result.
Position the camera so the applicant's face and hands are visible and also that the piano keys and music desk (or other instrument) are visible. Avoid getting too far away because if the camera is too far away, not only is it harder to see, but it can also negatively impact the sound by picking up too much reverberation from the room.
Step 4: Perform your chosen piece.
Do multiple play-throughs of each piece and choose the best one for each selection that you are submitting.
Make one video file per piece you are submitting (don't make one longer file with multiple pieces).
Step 5: Edit the video.
Edit the beginning and end of the video so it starts and ends cleanly, not with somebody talking, for example. You can do this directly on your phone or in a program like GarageBand or iMovie (Mac) or MovieMaker (PC).
Extra bonus: if you are comfortable with basic video editing, add text at the beginning of each video with the applicant's name and the composer/title of the selection.
Uploading the video (desktop version):
Step 1: Sign in to YouTube.
Step 2: Upload your video files.
Click on the image of a video camera with a "plus" sign on it, located to the right of the Search bar.
Select "Upload Video" from the dropdown menu.
You will see a dialog window that says "Drag and drop a file you want to upload."
Drag and drop your file, or click the blue "Select File" button to select the file from your computer.
Step 3: Label the video files.
After you select the video you are uploading, a new dialog screen will open. In the box that says "Title (required)" write the applicant's name, the composer's name, and the name and movement title (if applicable) of the piece being performed.
Step 4: Set the privacy settings.
After being prompted to answer the required question about whether the video is made for children, press "Next" to advance to the next screen, called "Video Elements." There is nothing you need to do there, so press "Next" again to advance to the screen called "Visibility."
Click on the triangle on the right side of the box where it says "Publish Now" to reveal a dropdown menu.
Tick the circle next to the option "Unlisted" on the dropdown menu. This privacy setting allows the video to be found on YouTube only by individuals who have the link. It will not be searchable and nobody else will have access to it.
Click "Done."
Step 4: Submit the video
Now, all you need to do is copy the link and submit it.
After it has finished processing, you will see the video in your dashboard. Click on the thumbnail and then copy the text labeled "Video Link" on the right side of the page.
This is the link you will submit to the program you are applying for. Paste the link into the appropriate part of the application that asks for video selections.
Repeat this process for each selection you are submitting.
Congratulations! You have created and uploaded your audition video!
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© 2020 by Kate Boyd


text:
Drawing from a range of examples, this seminar will present a thesis about the ways in which the goal of meditation within specific spiritual traditions affects practice. It will raise questions about the nature of meditation and other spiritual practices and about individual and communal experience. Christopher Wood is a DPhil student in the Theology Faculty. His background is in Theology (Birmingham) and he has research interests in the history of ideas, comparative religion, and the interface between Theology and Psychology.
The necessity of analysing religious influences on society has meant that key sociologists from Marx to Durkheim and Weber insisted on the significance of mood, motivation, and individual agency as the heart of any idea of society change. Religious feeling is thus one of the cornerstones enabling their theorisation of social dynamics. Here we look at sociological models for studying subjectivity as an autonomous 'centre' of dynamism and force, the beating heart of grand-scale movements of history.
Many of the canonical names in anthropology have been criticised for their literary style and their tendency towards evocative narrative. Here we argue that this is not a methodological weakness, but the autonomous development of a conception of understanding in terms of imaginative empathy and inter-subjectivity, which parallels hermeneutic philosophy. Religious experiences are literally recreated in the reader, forming an intimate bond between the scholar and his or her subject.
Psychologists of religion from Jung to Freud, and Boyer and Laing, have produced speculative models of religious subjectivity, according to which the human mind appears variously as an ocean of symbols, a volcanic core wracked by powerful forces, a computational machine, or a shell through transcendence may occasionally break. Just as science posits its own models, so psychologists of religion use metaphors of spatial relations and fluid dynamics to provide a mapping of the self.


Project Management
Uncovered Interest Parity In A Partially Dollarized Developing Country: Does UIP Hold In Bolivia? (And If Not, Why Not?)
Free registration required
Executive Summary
According to the Uncovered Interest Parity (UIP) condition, interest rate differentials compensate for expected exchange rate changes, equalizing the expected returns from holding assets which only differ in terms of currency denomination. In the previous literature, there are many tests of UIP for industrialized countries, and, more recently, some tests for emerging economies. However, due to data availability problems, poorer developing countries have not been studied. This paper tests UIP in a partially dollarized economy, Bolivia, where bank accounts only differ in terms of currency denomination.
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text:
Since very little of occlupanid's behavior has been recorded, its life cycle remains a mystery. Most scholars agree that occulpanids attach themselves to the plastic bags to gain nourishment. Plastic bags, when distended with matter, twist their anterior aperature (usually clockwise, but research is inconclusive), forming a tight stricture that ends in a halo formed by the fringe of the bag.
It is on this stricture that the occlupanid attaches itself, drawing nourishment, in some manner, from the bag.
Dr. N. Eliot of Edinburgh performed an experiment to test the bread/occlupanid relationship and found evidence to suggest that when occlupanids are removed from bread bags, the sliced bread can suffer from premature hardening and fungal infection.
In Supermarket biomes the Bag to Occlupanid ratio is 100 percent, but once the bag leaves the supermarket, that ratio drops off sharply. It is thought that once outside the supermarket environment, the occlupanid eventually drops off to reproduce, then die.
Rarely, chains of occlupanids are found, offering evidence that their life cycle is far more complex than previously imagined. Are they part of a fruiting body like a slime mold? Or perhaps forming new occlupanids like the proglottids of a tapeworm? Clearly more research must answer these uncomfortable questions.


text:
Every year, thousands of babies die in their sleep for no obvious reason. This is known as Sudden Infant Death Syndrome or 'cot death'.
Now scientists have come up with a special pyjama suit – known as Mamagoose - that can send out a warning if the baby stops breathing. The pyjamas are based on a'smart' suit that was developed to monitor the motion of astronauts in the early 1990's.
The suit includes five sensors that continuously monitor babies while they sleep. Three of them check the infant's heartbeat and two more monitor breathing.
The sensors are built into the cloth and have no direct contact with the body, so there is no discomfort for the baby.
The sensors are linked to a miniaturised computer. At the first sign that the baby has stopped breathing, the computer sounds an alarm to alert the parents.
The pyjamas are made of two parts. The lining, which comes into direct contact with the baby, can be machine-washed. The other part, which contains the sensor system, can be washed by hand. The pyjamas come in three sizes and are made of non-allergic material.
A cheaper version, known as Babyguard, is now being developed in Belgium and will be sold in shops so that parents can rest easy when their babies are asleep.


Here is my solution for Project Euler 35. (Find the number of circular primes below 1,000,000. Circular meaning all rotations of the digits are prime, i.e. 197, 719, 971.) The code takes about 30 minutes to run. Can you help me identify which parts of the algorithm are hogging up computation time?
I know there are many solutions out there, I just want to know why this one is soooo slow. I suspect it has something to do with the p.count function call.
 - p is initialized to a list of all primes below 1 million using the Sieve of Eratosthenes.
 - total is initialized to 0.
for i in p:
 primer = str(i)
 circ = 1
 for j in range(len(primer)-1):
 primer = primer[1:]+primer[:1]
 if (p.count(int(primer)) == 1):
 circ += 1
 if circ == len(primer):
 total += 1
Your p is a list. Then you do p.count(x) to see if x is a prime. This does a linear search of the list, and in fact, has to examine every element of p, not just those up to the occurrence of x. Instead, change p to a set. It will run much faster. Also, once you see that a rotation is not prime, you can stop checking all the rotations.
All primes below a million? You only need the ones that consist of the digits 1, 3, 7, or 9.
Edit: And the single-digit circular primes 2 and 5.
 - 1
 \$\begingroup\$ Your total would be off by 1: you would miss 2! But good point! \$\endgroup\$ – Ned Batchelder Jan 27 '12 at 20:33
 - 1
 \$\begingroup\$ While accurate if he were only concerned with primes > 10, this optimization would actually produce the wrong answer because 5 counts as a circular prime according to the problem description. It's a good idea if you special case 5 though. \$\endgroup\$ – g.d.d.c Jan 27 '12 at 20:34
Your Answer


text:
Would someone please clarify for me the difference between direct and random access?
Specifically, why does this Wikipedia article on Direct Access Storage Devices distinguish between the two:
The direct access capability, occasionally and incorrectly called random access (although that term survives when referring to memory or RAM),
whereas this article on random access doesn't:
In computer science, random access (sometimes called direct access) is the ability to access an element at an arbitrary position in a sequence in equal time, independent of sequence size.


Oregon State University
There are two main concepts to consider with the use of color; conveying information and sufficient contrast. More information can be found in Resources & Tools links.
The most widely accepted statistics say that 8% of men and 0.5% of women are colorblind. However, individuals who are colorblind are not the only ones affected by the use of color, so are individuals who are low-vision. These individuals are much more affected by color contrast issues.
WCAG 2.0 States
1.4.3 Contrast (Minimum): The visual presentation of text and images of text has a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1, except for [exceptions]. (Level AA)
Conveying Information
Don't rely on color alone to convey the meaning of content. Individuals who are blind, low-vision, or colorblind will not be able to differentiate between the content you are trying to emphasize or highlight. Some examples of where using color only can affect accessibility include; required fields in forms, identifying that items of a certain color are key concepts to learn, using a pie chart with color but not identifying the sections in another way.
In the inaccessible example image below, a simple form requires users to fill out at least the information in red.
Personal Info
Using the same simple form, in an accessible example, this form requires users to fill out at least the items marked as required. This would allow everyone the ability to interact with the form.
Personal Info
There are many more ways to create accessible required fields, the example above shows a very simple way to do so accessibly.
If the color combinations you use for the text content on your website doesn't have enough contrast, then individuals with low vision can have a hard time reading it. Individuals with vision at even a 20/40 rate have a loss of contrast sensitivity. Contrast sensitivity is an issue that affects everyone as they age.
WCAG 2.0 AA, the level required by OSU policy, recommends contrast of at least 4.5:1. This is a mathematically derived number, thankfully, tools exist to check this, so you don't have to learn the math. See the Tools section at the bottom of this page to learn how to check your context for sufficient contrast.
This sentence is an example of poor color contrast. The light blue text does not contrast enough with the white background color at a 3.9:1 ratio.
This sentence is an example of good color contrast. The brown text and white background have sufficient contrast at a 7.7:1 ratio.
This sentence is an example of great color contrast. The black text and white background have the highest contrast that can be achieved at a 21.0:1 ratio.
Resources & Tools
Articles about color
Tools to check color and contrast
Contact Info
Equity and Inclusion
Copyright © 2015 Oregon State University


text: .S. Gulf Coast and the squall line identified from the ECMWF NRs.Two different WRF control runs are performed, using the ECMWF T799 and T511 NR datasets as the initial conditions (IC) and boundary conditions (BC), respectively. In using the T511 NR data, the WRF experiments reflect the realistically imperfect nature of modeling the exact atmosphere, represented here by the MM5 RSNR forced by the T799 NR dataset.A series of 12-h WRF simulations are conducted throughout the T799 NR period of 12 April to 17 May "2006" for the purpose of calculating background error statistics, based on the Parrish and Derber (1992) method. The background error statistics are used to calibrate the WRF experiments simulated the squall line event.Synthetic upper-air soundings are extracted from the MM5 RSNR and used in a WRF assimilation experiment.Available synthetic ATMS / CrIS orbit data overlying the WRF grid are retrieved for the period of 0730 UTC to 1000 UTC on 02 May.Points of the scan area derived from the synthetic orbit data are thinned to closely match the grid points of the WRF 3-km domain.T and Td data are extracted from the 3-km grid of the MM5 RSNR and matched to the thinned scan area across the WRF 3-km grid, and are assigned satellite retrieval errors of ±1 K and ±2 K, respectively.The T and Td data, representing ATMS / CrIS synthetic observations, are assimilated into the WRF 3DVAR at 0900 UTC 02 May for another WRF experiment.Steps and Results of OSSE ProcedureThe MM5 RSNR is performed for the period of 00 UTC 02 May to 00 UTC 04 May "2006", with focus over the U.S. Gulf Coast and the squall line identified from the ECMWF NRs.Two different WRF control runs are performed, using the ECMWF T799 and T511 NR datasets as the initial conditions (IC) and boundary conditions (BC), respectively. In using the T511 NR data, the WRF experiments reflect the realistically imperfect nature of modeling the exact atmosphere, represented here by the MM5 RSNR forced by the T799 NR dataset.A series of 12-h WRF simulations are conducted throughout the T799 NR period of 12 April to 17 May "2006" for the purpose of calculating background error statistics, based on the Parrish and Derber (1992) method. The background error statistics are used to calibrate the WRF experiments simulated the squall line event.Synthetic upper-air soundings are extracted from the MM5 RSNR and used in a WRF assimilation experiment.Available synthetic ATMS / CrIS orbit data overlying the WRF grid are retrieved for the period of 0730 UTC to 1000 UTC on 02 May.Points of the scan area derived from the synthetic orbit data are thinned to closely match the grid points of the WRF 3-km domain.T and Td data are extracted from the 3-km grid of the MM5 RSNR and matched to the thinned scan area across the WRF 3-km grid, and are assigned satellite retrieval errors of ±1 K and ±2 K, respectively.The T and Td data, representing ATMS / CrIS synthetic observations, are assimilated into the WRF 3DVAR at 0900 UTC 02 May for another WRF experiment.


text:
WiFi tracking is a fantastic way for businesses to gather customer data and improve their marketing strategies. However, even if this data collection offers many benefits for businesses, it must be done with awareness and the right tools.
In this article, you will learn the ins and outs of WiFi tracking, including the legal considerations businesses must consider when using this technology. You will also discover how to use WiFi tracking to improve your marketing results.
What Is WiFi Tracking and How Does It Work?
WiFi tracking is not a technology in and of itself. It is a set of tools and approaches that businesses can use to collect data from customers' devices as they connect to their internet network. This technology works by tracking devices' Media Access Control (MAC) addresses. These unique identifiers allow businesses to recognize when a device connects to a network. Once a device has connected, businesses can use WiFi tracking to collect a wide range of data.
Businesses can then use this data to gain insights into customer behavior and preferences to improve operations. Furthermore, data can inform and enhance the results of any marketing strategy.
What Types of Businesses Must Take Advantage of WiFi Tracking?
While businesses of all types and sizes can benefit from WiFi tracking, some industries may find it particularly useful:
- Retail stores
- Shopping malls
- Coffee shops
Generally speaking, all businesses can collect data about their users' internet usage. However, data collection does not necessarily need to be covert.
For example, a restaurant might collect emails through its captive portal to email marketing campaigns.
In short, through data collection, businesses can gain insights into improving their operations and stop guessing.
The Benefits and Drawback of WiFi Tracking for Marketing Purposes.
While WiFi tracking can provide businesses with valuable insights into customer behavior and preferences. It is important to consider this technology's benefits and drawbacks.
The main benefit of WiFi tracking for your marketing result is gaining insights into customer behavior and preferences. This can help you create effective marketing campaigns and enhance the customer experience. However, there are also potential drawbacks to consider. One concern is the potential for invasion of privacy.
Some customers may feel uncomfortable with a business collecting data through WiFi. This is why you must ensure that collection happens ethically and complies with relevant regulations.
Despite these potential drawbacks, the benefits of tracking for marketing purposes are significant, and you should take advantage of it.
Can WiFi Track Websites Visited? Yes, But…
Can the WiFi track websites visited? Well, it can.
When a user connects to a guest WiFi network of a business, it is possible to monitor its online activity. However, sometimes a user might conceal his behavior online, and it might be hard to track.
For example, with the growing awareness of the risks posed by public WiFi, more people are using VPNs to protect their data and privacy. When a user is using a VPN, it might be extremely hard for a common person to track a user's online behavior. However, some marketing platforms can still collect data and generalize the behavior of users connected to a specific network.
Can Incognito Be Tracked by WIFI? Here Is the Truth
When it comes to WiFi tracking, there are many misconceptions. Another common question is, "Can incognito be tracked by WiFi?". Unfortunately, the answer is no.
When a user enters private browsing mode, the browser does not store data such as cookies or browsing history. However, this mode does not prevent other parties, including WiFi tracking tools, from collecting data. The device will still communicate with the network; thus, the software can collect data.
If you care about being private, the simplest solution is to use a VPN. However, it can create some friction while navigating websites. Instead, if you seek maximum privacy, the best option is to use Tor and browse with a compatible browser.
WiFi Tracking Data: What Data Should Businesses Collect?
When collecting data through WiFi tracking, businesses have access to a wealth of information. Ultimately, the data types businesses have to collect will depend on their specific goals. However, here are the most common:
- Location data - WiFi tracking can give businesses insights into where customers spend time within their physical location.
- Browsing history - By tracking the websites that customers visit while on their network, businesses can gain insights into their interests and preferences.
- Demographic information - This data type is extremely important because it can help businesses identify customers and preferences. Then, they can use data to create clusters of users and identify multiple customers profile.
- Frequency of visits - By tracking how often customers visit their location, businesses can gain insights into customer loyalty and engagement.
However, notice that collecting data and analyzing data are two different things. Likewise, analyzing data and implementing strategic actions are different steps in the process of improving your results. Let's talk about all this.
Analyzing WiFi Tracking Data: How To Interpret Information
Analyzing WiFi tracking data involves several key steps that you can take to gain insights into customer behavior and preferences. However, just like collection, it is important to consider your goals even when interpreting data.
You have first to identify patterns and trends. You want to determine which products or services are popular, which are the most visited areas of the venue, and more. If you further segment the data by factors such as age, gender, or other psychographic marketing traits, you can identify specific customer groups. This data will be the basis of specific marketing campaigns.
Another useful practice is to check how data changes over time. By comparing data over a useful timeframe, businesses can identify what is working and what is not. Then, they can adapt to the emerging trends.
2 Ways Businesses Can Use WiFi Tracking Data To Improve Their Marketing Strategies.
Once you have collected and analyzed your WiFi tracking data, there are several ways you can use them. You might apply your new understanding to create a more resonating message. Or else, you can create better advertising or a more apt location for your typical customers.
Generally speaking, there are two main areas where businesses can use the data collected:
- Customer Experience
- Marketing initiatives
Let's explore both of them.
WiFi Tracking Usecase #1: Improve the Overall Customer Experience
By leveraging the insights gained, you can better understand your customers and enhance the customer experience in various ways.
For example, a retail store might use WiFi tracking data to understand which products are popular and which store areas are most frequently visited. This information can help to optimize the layout and create a more enjoyable shopping experience for customers.
In addition to optimizing operations, WiFi tracking data can help personalize the customer experience. For example, a hotel might use WiFi to gain insights into guest preferences and offer personalized recommendations or services.
Ultimately, you can improve your business at its core with a data-driven approach. This will enhance customer loyalty, drive repeat business, and increase revenue.
WiFi Tracking Usecase #2: Engage With Your Customers With Marketing Initiatives
By leveraging the insights gained from WiFi tracking data, you can create marketing campaigns more likely to resonate with your customers.
For example, a cafè owner might use the new insights to develop better social media ideas for the coffee shop. This will allow the owner to create better messaging and get more interactions.
Similarly, a restaurant might use tracking data to get more reviews. Certain WiFi marketing software allows businesses to send prompts when a user spends time connected to the internet. By tracking the time spent while connected, the owner can optimize the prompt and send it when it is more likely to receive a review.
The point is that data collected through WiFi can improve any marketing strategy. Therefore, the mistake is not collecting data at all.
Legal Considerations of WiFi Tracking: Don't Skip This
If reading this article makes you consider implementing WiFi tracking in your business, then read this.
From a legal perspective, you must ensure that your tracking complies with the laws and regulations of your jurisdiction. For example, in Europe, businesses must comply with the GDPR. In most cases, you must be transparent about how you intend to use the data. Provide customers with clear information about what data you collect and how you store them.
Be sure to create informative and comprehensive WiFi terms and conditions for your users. Make them evident in your captive portal and prevent access to the internet without accepting them.
WiFi Tracker Devices and Tracking With WiFi Are Not the Same
These two terms often get confused, so it is better to clarify their differences.
A WiFi tracker device is a tool that allows users to view and analyze the wireless networks in their area. They provide information about available WiFi networks, signal strength, and other details to assess the state of the networks in their area.
Professionals use these trackers to troubleshoot network issues or optimize WiFi connections. These tools can also be useful to assess congestion and interference in a particular WiFi frequency range. WiFi tracking, instead, is the set of tools and mechanisms that allow users to track internet use by users. While a tracker device can provide particular information about internet usage, it adds no value for general tracking purposes.
WiFi Location Tracking
WiFi location tracking is a specific type of data collection that aims to track a user's location or behavior in a specific area. For example, large airports utilize WiFi location tracking to optimize queue management at security checkpoints and boarding gates.
However, even small businesses can take advantage of it. With this type of tracking, businesses can gain a deeper understanding of customer traffic patterns, dwell times, and movement within their physical locations. It can also help adjust staffing levels to ensure enough service during busy periods and avoid overstaffing during slower times.
This type of WiFi tracking can also enable businesses to deliver personalized marketing messages or offers based on a customer's real-time location within their premises. For instance, a retailer in a mall can send tailored promotions to customers walking nearby the shop.
The Future of WiFi Tracking and Its Potential Impact on the Marketing Industry.
WiFi tracking and social WiFi hotspot have already significantly impacted the marketing industry, but their potential for the


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A project involving countries from all over Europe faces the challenge of developing a common terminology and a common understanding of its basic ideas. Although the roots of IBST as the main approach to improving science teaching and learning in S-TEAM lead back to the early 20th century (Minner. Levy & Century, 2009), the seminars showed that no common definition currently exists at a European level. In many of the participating countries appropriate translations of the term in the national language were not found. In S-TEAM the following definition of IBST given by Linn, Davis and Bell (2004) was chosen as a common basis for discussion:
[Inquiry is] the intentional process of diagnosing problems, critiquing experiments, and distinguishing alternatives, planning investigations, researching conjectures, searching for information, constructing models, debating with peers and forming coherent arguments.
The S-TEAM proposal described inquiry-based science teaching as being characterised by activities that engage students in:
 - authentic and problem based learning activities where there may not be a correct answer
 - a certain amount of experimental procedures, experiments and "hands on" activities, including searching for information
 - self regulated learning sequences where student autonomy is emphasised
discursive argumentation and communication with peers ("talking science")
 - No labels


...from GuidedPath Edge Guru
Study in the UK
There are several advantages to studying in the United Kingdom:
 1. Graduate with a degree in 3 years (England). You can finish your degree in 3 years and move on to graduate school or a career sooner than in an American University. Scottish Universities offer a 4 year degree.
 1. Start in your major. You can start as a freshman studying medicine, engineering or law. Get started right away in the field of your interest.
 1. Skip the general education. There is no general education courses required in the UK education system. Take only the classes you need, for the subject you are studying.
 1. No language proficiency test needed. Most of all, you can experience a new culture and still be speaking English. You don't have to worry about receiving instruction in a language you are still mastering. Undoubtedly, understanding the accents will take time!
 1. No additional cost. UK accepts the same Stafford loan colleges in the US accept. You could actually pay less to go to school in the UK than staying home and attending a high cost school in an expensive area of the International Student Loan has a list of colleges in the UK eligible for Stafford loans.
Explore United Kingdom schools through the Educate in UK website. Make notes in your GuidedPath account.


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What is the difference between video and grabación? In other words, what types of "videos" does each describe? Which of the two would best describe a video recorded using a home video recorder or digital camera?
To me, there's mostly a one to one relation between vídeo in Spanish and video in English, and between grabación and recording.
That said, video can also mean video cassette recorder, or video cassette.
They are similar, but are used in different ways:
Usually translates to just 'video', though it has other meanings.
It can be translated to recording, and it means:
So they have similar meanings, but for vídeo the most common is the concept of a video, and for grabación it's the act of recording a vídeo.
A 'grabación' is best used for non-professional video recording. 'Vídeos' is used for any kind of visual media, usually for short formats.
If you refer to a short format like a youtube video or a video taken with the phone you will say 'vídeo'. But we usually say 'vídeo' if the video is in VHS or BETA format. Those video magnetic cases are named 'vídeos'.
Here you have some examples that I might help you...


_USER_{NBERw13642, title = "Open-Access Losses and Delay in the Assignment of Property Rights", author = "Gary D. Libecap", institution = "National Bureau of Economic Research", type = "Working Paper", series = "Working Paper Series", number = "13642", year = "2007", month = "November", doi = {10.3386/w13642}, URL = "_URL_ abstract = {Even though formal property rights are the theoretical response to open access involving natural and environmental resources, they typically are adopted late after considerable waste has been endured. Instead, the usual response in local, national, and international settings is to rely upon uniform rules and standards as a means of constraining behavior. While providing some relief, these do not close the externality and excessive exploitation along unregulated margins continues. As external costs and resource values rise, there finally is a resort to property rights of some type. Transfers and other concessions to address distributional concerns affect the ability of the rights arrangement to mitigate open-access losses. This paper outlines the reasons why this pattern exists and presents three empirical examples of overfishing, over extraction from oil and gas reservoirs, and excessive air pollution to illustrate the main points.}, }


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JAPA: A PSYCHOLOGICAL TREATMENT
Q. What is the starting point of japa from the linguistic - point of view? What are the halting places in this joumey? And how does the power of japa become comprehensive form the point of view of physiology or of the science of incantation?
Ans. Japa, the repetition of the name of the deity, and jalpa, meaning sophistry, come from the root words japa and jalpa. The root word jalpa connotes plain, explicit speaking; whereas the root word japa has two connotations--explicit speech and mental talk. Thus, the semantic journey of japa begins from loud note' to mantra-articulation' and, mental repetition' thereof. Of course, japa is always done aloud, but from the point of view of articulation, it has been divided into two classes-voiced and mental. From the viewpoint of the science of incantation, japa is of three kinds-japa, antarjalpa, and mental jalpa. In the language of the science of incantation, these are known as voiced, low-voiced, and silent (i.e. mental). All these three kinds of japa can prove useful supports for ones progress in meditation.
Basically, the whole process constitutes an effort to migrate from the gross to the subtle, from the visible to the invisible world. Gross sound produces gross vibrations and subtle sound produces subtle vibrations. Subtle vibrations are far more powerful than the gross ones Nevertheless, in the initial stages of bringing about a change, gross vibrations have a role to play. But in the higher stages it is necessary to move towards subtle vibrations, because the state of meditation can be attained only through these. Loud japa is gross; low-toned japa is an advance upon the former; at the level of mental japa, the distance between knowledge and. the. word disappears. Here language and thought get very near to each other. In gross vibrations, language and thought function separately.
Subtle vibrations awaken the psychic centres situated in the human body. Although the entire system of the body is affected by these, some centres of consciousness are specially activated. For example-the Centre of Energy, the Centre of Bio-electricity, the Centre of Purity, the Centre of Intuition and the Centre of Wisdom
In the system of preksha meditation,, psychic centres are associated with the endocrine glands as under:
Psychic Centres Endocrine Glands Location
1.Centre of Energy Gonads Bottom end of the spinal cord
2.Centre of Health Gonads Lower abdomen
3.Centre of Bio-electricity Adrenal, Pancreas. Navel Islets of Langerhans
4.Centre of Bliss Thymus Near the heart
5.Centre of Purity Thyroid,Parathyroid Adams apple-throat
6.Centre of Celibacy Sense organ of Taste Tongue (Tip)
7.Centre of Vital Energy Sense organ of Smell Nose (Tip)
8. Centre of Vision Sense of sight Eyes
9. Centre of Vigilance Sense of Hearing Ear
10.Centre of Intuituion Pituitary Middle of the eyebrows
11.Centre of Enlightenment Pineal Centre of the forehead
12.Centre of Peace Hypothalamus Front part of the head
13.Centre of Wisdom Cerebral Cortex Top of the head
Through japa, a transformation takes place at all levelsphysical, mental and emotional. In the ancient texts, while mentioning the results of japa it has been said :
By reciting spells, one can conquer decay, aversion, loss of appetite (dyspepsia), leprosy, disorders of the stomach, cough, asthma, etc. Like most distinguished persons, the doer of japa earns great merit, and in his next birth attains salvation which is the portion of the noblest beings.
Q. Has the assertion in the ancient texts of diseases being cured by japa, been proved by experiments? If not, how do we establish its authenticity?
Ans. In the context of diseases, japa is one remedy. It is not an imaginary concept, but has a scientific basis. just as the atoms of medicine are capable of destroying the atoms of disease, in the same way the atoms of the mind attracted by japa pull out the disease-atoms in the body and collect healthy atoms. Thus, there is little room for doubting that the disease will be eradicated.
In ancient times, the mantra-therapy was used along with the Ayurved system of medicine. It was a kind of psychological treatment. The mantra-therapy formed an independent discipline within the Ayurvedic system. Accordingly, only he who had mastered the science of mantras, could be a full-fledged Ayurved Acharya. Experimentation was done in respect of various mantras in the laboratory of the mantra-specialists. Even today, the mantra-therapy is prevalent in some form. Though only to a slight degree, modern people are scientifically reviving the mantra-therapy. If this work goes ahead, there is room for a great deal of research and new discoveries.
Sound-therapy is also a part of the mantra-therapy. The rhythmic vibrations of sound can create virbrations in both the inner and the outer environment. They affect not only man, but also the whole world of living beings. The impact of sound vibrations on the vegetable kingdom is even greater than upon human beings. In this connection, new experiments are being performed in America and other countries. They are also experimenting with the effects of music on vegetation. Although music has no shape or appearance of a mantra, it certainly is a component vital to its incantatory effect. Plants exposed to music develop early, the grass grows apace, the petals are larger and smoother, the fruit more abundant and delicious. Sound-induced sweetness imparts to the vegetation all-round a sense of being loved and cared for and a feeling of joy at being so loved. During the period of experimentation, those plants which were deprived of the atmosphere of music, in contrast with their more happy brethren, showed the effect of such deprivation on their growth, leafing, flowering and fruition. Experiments have also been conducted on the effect of music on animals. Cows exposed to music yielded more milk. In view of the fact that waves of music exercise such a powerful influence on vegetation and animals, the effect of vibrations produced by a mantra can no longer be disputed. The working of a mantra is even more subtle, so its effect is visible on a subtle level. Combined with faith, self-confidence and passion, a mantra's power of doing good is increased a hundred fold.
Q. You have talked about the scientific nature of spell-craft and the system of mantra-therapy. But it has been observed that those resorting to japa and mantras for years together, are not satisfied with the results. Some even talk of giving up mantra-japa altogether. Is that the right approach?
Ans. The words of a mantra are in themselves charged with electricity. The user of a spell also experiences its electric effect. How effective it proves, depends upon the disposition of the experimenter. "Sweetness depends upon the amount of sugar put in," is a traditional saying. Similarly, the greater the devotion, the greater the power of japa. Japa always yields some definite result, more or less. It seems to me that in order to advance in the field of sadhana, to remove obstructions in the path of spiritual progress, and to enter the inner world, the first thing to be done is japa. The doubt about the effectiveness of japa is now being replaced by a new faith in its power.
In the Jain tradition, the recitation of namaskar mahamantra' (obeisance-spell), of seed-letters, of a spell word or the name of one's personal deity, is still very much prevalent. The question arises if it produces the desired results. Some people get good results, whereas others draw a complete blank. But the talk of giving up. japa-sadhana in the absence of any visible results, is not right. Because the reason behind the absence of results is not any lack of virtue in the mantra, but the practitioner's ignorance of the proper technique of recitation. The water has the power of slaking one's thirst. If because of some reason, the water is rendered unclean or it gets tepid as in the hot season and cannot slake one's thirst, it cannot be said that the water has lost its virtue. If the same water is cleaned and cooled, it becomes fit for use.
Similarly, people who undertake japa unsystematically, recite the mantra too quickly, or too lethargically, or sit down to practise it when their mind is restless and wandering-these are the defects of performance. If these defects are removed, japa can establish itself in the form of a powerful tool for bringing about physical, mental and spiritual change. The fundamental basis of change is the purity of the life-current. Total concentration of the mind on the mantra does not in any way obstruct the flow of vital energy. The flow of vital energy means the flow of strength and vigour in the body. The purer the flow, the stronger the vital energy. Unless combined with the vital energy, the mantra loses its virtue. In order to achieve the desired result from the practice of mantra recitation, it is necessary to blend it with the flow of vital energy.


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Evolutionary interactions between Drosophila melanogaster and its parasitoid Asobara tabida.
Green DM., Kraaijeveld AR., Godfray HC.
Drosophila melanogaster is attacked by parasitoids that develop internally in the larva. They can defend themselves by a cellular immune response (host resistance), although this can be disabled by parasitoid countermeasures (parasitoid virulence). D. melanogaster and its parasitoids are an excellent system in which to study coevolution experimentally. We designed an experiment to compare changes in resistance and virulence in replicate populations of flies and parasitoids maintained together for approximately 10 fly (five parasitoid) generations. The experiment had three treatments each with three replicates: (A) no parasitoids (B) outbred parasitoids (C) partially inbred parasitoids. Host resistance increased in treatments B and C but there was no difference between these treatments. Parasitoid virulence appeared not to change during the experiment. Host larvae in treatments B and C fed at lower rates than those in A, evidence of a trade-off between resistance and larval competitive ability. We found no evidence for local adaptation, as hosts from the different replicates of treatment C performed no differently against parasitoids from the same and other replicates. Also, we found no evidence for the evolution of behavioural traits in the host that could lead to lower probabilities of being attacked. Comparing the evolution of host resistance in these seminatural settings with that in artificial selection experiments provides insight into how the conflicting selection pressures on host resistance interact.


816mm to inches-convert 816mm to inches
Convert 816mm to inches, 816mm to inches conversion, 816mm to inches calculator, 816mm to inches converter, easy way to convert 816mm to inches, 816mm equals how many inches, you can use our calculator to convert 816mm to inches fast
The answer is: 816mm= 32.126 inches
Mm to inches formula:
Example: you want to convert 10mm to inches
According to formula —> 10mm= 0.393701Inches
Inches to Millimeter Formula:
1 inches (in) = 25.4 Millimeters (mm)
Example: you want to convert 20 inches to Millimeters
According to the formula—>
20×25.4 = 1000
Mm to Inches (in) Converter and Calculations:
You can use our converter to convert 816mm to inches
Benefits of our calculator:
1- Convert mm to inches
2- Easy and simple way
3- You can figure out length
4- You can determine length manually
5- Check out length by yourself at home
6- Calculate and find out the result without calculator
SI system has many benefits:
1- Only one unit for each quantity
2- No need to memorize numbers
3- Can measure any physical quaintly
4- Has unique symbols
Now you can have an answer to all of your questions:
1- Convert 816mm to inches
2- How many inches are in 816mm?
3- How to convert 816mm to inches?
4- How much is 816mm in inches
5- 816mm converted to inches
6- 816mm conversion to inches
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Compost Gin (Card Game)
Compost Gin (Card Game)
This engaging card game is a wonderful way to teach the essentials of decomposition and composting. The set includes 54 colorful cards depicting the different components necessary for decomposition to proceed. To make compost, students collect the right mixture of cards (different values are given to each mixture based on the probability that the mix will make good compost). The first player to get 200 composting points wins. Students can talk trash while having a blast! Recommended for ages 8 to 14.
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text:
Vaccination campaign against COVID-19 has been extended to people aged 60+ and those with comorbidities
For the efficient organization of the vaccination process, the National Agency for Public Health distributed 14 400 doses of vaccine against COVID-19 to the territorial public health institutions from the batch of 50 400 doses of AstraZeneca vaccine, donated by Romania. The rest of the vaccines are reserved for the second dose to people who were vaccinated with the first one.
Thus, the vaccination campaign against COVID-19 will be extended to the following target groups, included in the second stage of vaccination: adults over 60 years old, people with comorbidities (high risk group) and people aged 18-60 years with comorbidities for which COVID-19 infection poses an increased risk of severe forms and death.
At the same time, the vaccination of medical workers in medical institutions, including the staff/beneficiaries of Shelters and Temporary or Long-Term Placement Centers, continues.
We would also like to note that, currently 38 643 people have been vaccinated against COVID-19.


text:
Refine your search
[Project] CLAREA – Climate, livelihoods and agroecosystem resources in East Africa
2019 - 2022 Tanzania
Research in Southern Africa
Research projects are defined and carried out jointly by the researchers and their counterparts in Southern Africa.
The Ocean Resources research teams take an integrated approach to marine development research, particularly focussing on processes that affect the intertropical zone.


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If you are a "Letter of Intent" homeschooler in the state of Maine (i.e. Option 1), at the end of your school year, you will need to have an assessment of some type completed. The results are then submitted to both the state and the superintendent along with your Subsequent Letter of Intent by September 1st for the new school year.
There are various ways you can comply with this part of the law. (Read the actual statute by clicking HERE and looking under Statute 3.A.4.b.). Links and information for resources can be found at the bottom of the page.
You must do one of the following methods of evaluation at the end of the year (prior to September 1st when your Subsequent Letter of Intent is due):
- Standardized achievement test administered via the school district – this needs to be arranged with the school if you opt for this option
- Standardized achievement test administered by the parent or another individual
- A portfolio review of the student's work for the year done by a Maine certified teacher
- A group portfolio review that a Maine certified teacher still signs off on.
Please note – if you opt to have a Maine certified teacher do a portfolio review we strongly encourage that you:
- Make sure the teacher is homeschooling friendly! You will not want a teacher who is against homeschooling to review your portfolio.
- The teacher should only be looking for progress made. They should not be comparing your child to anyone but your child! It does not matter if the little Jimmy is in "fifth grade" but not doing the same things that the local fifth grade public school are doing. If little Jimmy has made progress since last year, that is all that matters!
So what exactly is a portfolio anyway?
A portfolio is simply a sampling of your child's work over the course of the year that shows progress made. There are many, many ways to go about doing this. Just remember, you need someone to look through it so make it as easy and organized for them as you can. They will appreciate it.
A favorite method is simply the "3-ring binder" approach. Over the course of the year there is a lot of paper generated in a homeschool. Simply take worksheets and/or tests for each subject from the beginning of the year, the middle of the year, and the end of the year that shows how your child has progressed through a subject and place them in a 3-ring binder. Organizing them by subject is the most helpful method.
Since this assessment is required for Option 1 families, you will want to be sure you have covered all the required subjects and that your portfolio shows this. A short write up about how you covered the subject can also be very helpful to the reviewer and a nice reminder what you did outside of textbook learning.
Included should also be:
- A record of your attendance (175 days is required by law)
- A log of all books read by the child, to the child, and include audiobooks as well.
- A log of field trips taken (this can be done via reports by the child, photos taken at the event, or a simple listing of where you went).
Alternative methods from the 3-ring binder:
- A digital photo book (scans of work samples could and should be included)
- A completely digital presentation (such as Power Point) contained on a disk or thumb drive or loaded online. If your child sings or plays an instrument as part of their school or participates in plays or other types of fine arts activities that may be hard to contain in a paper portfolio, videos and the like can be included in this type of portfolio.
- While it's not recommended, you can simply bring all your child's work for the teacher to flip through. However, be considerate of the time constraint to this method.
There are a few helpful sites on the internet that will may be of help.
- Oklahoma Homeschool – Recordkeeping. Please be advised that this is set up for Oklahoma laws. You do NOT need to include your child's medical records. Learning objectives are helpful, but also not required. The same goes for the resource list. This should be used as a guideline only to help give you some ideas.
- AtoZ Homeschools Cool Portfolio Examples – lots of different examples listed.
- Successful Homeschooling – great page that includes links to printable forms.
- How to Create a Homeschool Portfolio – straightforward and helpful advice.
Standardized Testing Options:
- California Achievement Tests – can be administered at home by the parent either in a paper form or online. Can be purchased through Seton Testing Services ($25 – paper version only) or through Christian Liberty ($25 – offers either paper or online versions).
- IOWA Testing – can only be administered by someone with a bachelor's degree. Can be purchased through Seton Testing Services. Cost varies by grade.
- SATs or ACTs or PSATs can count for students in high school.
- You can also contact your local school district if you would like your child to participate in any of the national or state tests administered at the district.
- Sarah Cook. Located in North New Portland. Homesschooling Mom. Cost: $20 first child and $15 for each subsequent child. Email – _EMAIL_. Able to do long-distance reviews via email.
- Robin Merrill. Located in Madison. Homeschooling Mom. Cost: $25 each. Email – rmerrill44
- Jackie Chovanes Email – _EMAIL_
- Laura Sholtz Email – _EMAIL_
- Laurie Wolfrum Email – _EMAIL_ Able to travel some and will do long distance reviews.
- Sheriann Y. Jalbert. Located in Bangor. Homeschooling Mom. Cost $30 (offers a family discount and will also barter). Can also administer standardized tests. Email – _EMAIL_
- Amy Bartlett. Homeschooling Mom. Email – _EMAIL_. Able to travel. Able to do long-distance reviews.
- Michelle Grimbilas Email – _EMAIL_. Turner
- Christine Hazard located in Farmington. Homeschooling mom. $20 per portfolio (family discounts). Email: _EMAIL_ Phone: _PHONE_
If you'd like to be included in the portfolio reviewer list, please use the contact page to send us your information. Please include location, cost, and contact information. Thank you.


Simon deMaid: What can employers do to ensure bereavement leave policies are effective?
Simon deMaid bereavement
The death of a child can have devastating effects on mental and physical wellbeing, yet there is currently no legal requirement in the UK for employers to provide paid leave for grieving parents. It must, therefore, come as no surprise that campaigners have petitioned so forcefully to change the law on this issue.
The introduction of the new Parental Bereavement (Leave and Pay) Act 2018, due to come into force in 2020, will give all employed parents a day one right to two weeks' leave if they lose a child under the age of 18, or suffer a stillbirth from 24 weeks of pregnancy. Employed parents will also be able to claim pay for this period, subject to meeting eligibility criteria.
As a result of these changes, employers may need to review and update their bereavement leave arrangements. There is no one-size-fits-all approach when trying to manage the needs of a bereaved employee. However, implementing a clear, written bereavement policy will ensure a consistent approach and provide employees with certainty and security as to their rights in such challenging circumstances.
The policy should be easy to follow, widely accessible, and a copy should be provided to all employees.
In conjunction with an effective bereavement policy, employers should adopt a holistic approach when considering what support systems they can implement to help bereaved employees.
It is common for grieving parents to suffer both physically and emotionally. Employers should be alert to any change in absence, performance or behaviour and deal with such issues carefully and sensitively. Managers and HR personnel should be provided with relevant training to understand the importance of using discretion and sensitivity when dealing with bereaved employees.
The effects of grief do not always manifest immediately, so it is important that employees are provided with ongoing support; this may include access to an employee assistance programme (EAP) or the provision of counselling services.
Simon DeMaid is an employment law partner at Howes Percival


text: With an interest in health psychology, we decided to explore the issue of undergraduate freshman lifestyle, particularly weight gain. 'Freshers' 15′ – the tendency for undergraduate students to gain approximately 15 lb (6.82 kg) in weight during first-year study – is an American concept. Although widely researched in the United States, we found little evidence of the UK study. The US studies' research design and methods varied considerably, so we intended not to replicate or conduct a comparative study but to conduct an exploratory study to establish whether there was evidence of this concept in a UK university sample. Owing to the multi-faceted nature of weight gain, including lifestyle choices and other factors, we took a classic mixed-methods approach, embracing the quantitative and qualitative methods that best fit our exploratory aim. This account of our mixed-method study focuses on design choices in respect of our chosen data-collection methods and how successfully they worked together to investigate students' lifestyle choices. Additional attention is paid to the benefits of a mixed-method approach, challenges encountered and the merits of triangulating data collection, including how interviewing was used to supplement the questionnaire and physiological data to allow further investigation of students' meaning and experiences regarding their lifestyle choices.