text:
GeekDad Puzzle of the Week Answer: How to Bullseye a Womp Rat
- 5:30 AM
Get ready for some serious puzzling. Basically this week's puzzle asked you to calculate the probability of success of Luke's shot at the Death Star exhaust port. First he had to survive the surface run. Then he had to survive long enough in the trench with Vader on his tail to get off a clean shot. Then he had to pull the trigger within the very short time that a photon torpedo would enter the exhaust port instead of simply exploding on the surface — i.e. Luke once he was in position, Luke had to bullseye the womp rat (which sounds a bit like an euphemism you might use with your significant other when the kids are listening).
In any case, Andy and independently Blaine and Felicia sent spectacular and correct answers to this important conundrum: From the time Luke found himself in the sky around the Death Star, he had a 0.0168% or a 1-in-5946 chance of success.
Here is Andy's excellent explanation:
Okay, so let's break this down into three components:
P_s: the probability that Luke survives the surface run
P_t: the probability that he survives in the trench long enough to get a shot off (given that survived the surface run)
P_h: the probability that he actually hits the exhaust port (given that he survived the trench run)
Then, the overall probability of success is simply P_s * P_t * P_h.
Now let's figure out what the values for each of those components are.
P_s is easy, because it was given to us.P_s = 10% = 0.1
P_t is determined by an exponential decay function:P_t = P_0 * e(-kt)
where:P_0 = the probability of surviving until the start of the trench run = 1 (because P_t is already conditioned on surviving the surface run)
k = the decay constant = 1.15 (given)
t = time (in minutes) that Luke has to survive in the trench
Of course, now we need to calculate t:
t = d / s
where:d = distance traveled (in km)
s = speed = 1050 km/h (given) = 17.5 km/min
Now, we need to calculate d:
d = (1/8)C = (1/8)*2πr = (1/4)*πr
where:C = circumference of the midhemisphere trench (in km)
r = radius of the midhemisphere trench (in km)
As illustrated in the above picture, because the Death Star has a radius of 80 km, r is given by:
r = sin(45°) * 80 km = 40*sqrt(2) km ≈ 56.569 km
Plugging that into the equation for d, we get:
d ≈ (1/4)*π*56.569 km ≈ 44.429 km
Plugging that into the equation for t, we get:
t ≈ 44.429 / 17.5 ≈ 2.539 min
Finally, plugging that into our original equation, we get:
P_t ≈ 1 * e(-1.15 * 2.539) ≈ 0.0540
So, assuming Luke makes it to the start of the trench, he has around a 5.4% chance of making it to the end.
Finally, let's figure out the likelihood of Luke's shot hitting the target:P_h = t_p / t_r
where:t_p = the amount of time the exhaust port is in the target zone (in seconds)
t_r = Luke's reaction time = 0.22 s (given)
We can calculate t_p using the following equation:
t_p = l_p / s
where:l_p = length of the exhaust port = 2 m (given)
s = Luke's speed = 1050 km/h (given) = _PHONE_ m/h ≈ 291.667 m/s
Plugging those values into the equation for t_p gives us:
t_p ≈ 2 / 291.667 ≈ 0.00686 s
Plugging that into the equation for P_h gives us:
P_h ≈ 0.00686 / 0.22 ≈ 0.0312
So. assuming Luke survives long enough to get a shot off, he has a little better than 3% chance of hitting the port.
Putting this all together, the overall probability that Luke makes it to the trench, survives the trench run, and manages to hit the exhaust port (starting a chain reaction that should destroy the station), is given by:P ≈ 0.1 * 0.0540 * 0.0312 ≈ 0.000168
Luke has around 0.0168% chance of success, a little better than your chances of flipping 13 heads in a row with a fair coin. So, unlikely, but nowhere near winning-the-lottery-unlikely.
The second part of the puzzle asked entrants to pontificate about the role of the Force in guiding Luke's shot. Again, I defer to Andy:
Now then, we have to consider what effect the influence of the Force would have on his chances of success. I would argue that the Force does not preordain that Luke should succeed. The Force does not care whether Luke succeeds or fails. It is simply an energy field that surrounds and permeates all living things. However, it does significantly improve Luke's awareness of his surroundings and his reaction time, and therefore his likelihood of success in each of the three stages listed above. As seen in the prequels, Jedis have little difficulty surviving barrages of blaster fire in the midst of heated battles. They are able to dodge, deflect, and even redirect incoming shots to hit their opponents. It is difficult to estimate the reaction time necessary to accomplish these feats, but according to the analysis on this page, blaster shots travel around 78 mph, which is why even non-Jedis are often able to dodge them. 78 mph is a reasonable speed for a major league curveball, which gives us a good frame of reference. A reasonably skilled professional baseball player would have a chance of hitting a curveball, but it is not a certainty, and no normal human could hit a curveball into a human sized target while simultaneously dodging 10 or so other curveballs. Let's estimate that in order to regularly be able to pull off those kinds of stunts, a Jedi would need to be able to react around 20 times faster than a normal human. (This clearly involves a bit of hand waving, but say 10x for the number of incoming shots involved, with an additional 2x for the difficulty of deflecting the shot back into a foe.) Of course, Luke is not a full Jedi – so let's say that the Force only makes him 10x faster/more aware of his surroundings than an average human.A 10x reaction speed translates directly into a 10x likelihood of firing his shot at the right time, which raises P_h to around 31.2%. Let's say it also reduces his chance of being hit on the surface run by 10x, so instead of a 90% chance of failure, he has a 9% chance, or in other words, a 91% chance of success. The trench run is a little trickier, because there is so much less room to maneuver, so let's say his chance of failure is only cut by 5x, from around 95% to around 19%, giving him an 81% chance of success (ignoring the Captain Solo effect). Putting this all together, with the influence of the Force, Luke has around a 22.7% chance of success, around 1350x what his chances are without the Force. Not bad for a hokey religion!
And the winner of this week's puzzle and the $50 ThinkGeek gift certificate is, of course, Andy. Congratulations! Don't forget to tune in Monday for another installment of POTW!


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Sweden's energy minister, Maud Olofsson, announced yesterday that the country would install 2,000 wind turbines over the next decade that would add to 10 terawatt hours of clean energy per year.
The country is also aiming to have 50 percent of its electricity come from renewable sources by 2020. To reach that goal, Sweden will be adding another 15 TWh of renewable energy from sources like solar power and biofuels in addition to the wind power.
Sweden already gets 20 percent of its energy needs from renewable sources, mainly hydroelectricity plants, so the 50 percent mark will not be impossible for them to reach.
written by April, March 04, 2010
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source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Our volcano: Glacier Peak is the hidden threat in our back yard
Glacier Peak, shown from the west, is one of 18 U.S. volcanoes listed as a "very high threat." Its last eruption was in the 18th century.
Rob Ollikainen / Wenatchee World
Views of Glacier Peak from the east — such as this one from Buck Creek Pass in 2007 — are spectacular, but there is no good access to hike to the top of the mountain from there.
Photo courtesy Dan Fagre, U.S. Geological Survey
Mountain goats are among the high elevation species that look to lose ground as climate change pushes tree line up mountains.
Michael Martina / Herald File
Glacier Peak as viewed from the east near Darrington. The only good way to access the volcano is off of North Fork Sauk Road, is off of the Mountain Loop Road between Darrington and Granite Falls. 2004 photo
Called Tda-ko-buh-ba by a tribe of American Indians who have lived on its flanks for hundreds of years, it erupts more explosively than any volcano in Washington, including Mount St. Helens, whose violent eruption 30 years ago this week killed 57 people and caused millions in property damage and lost infrastructure.
Glacier Peak is one of 18 volcanoes in the U.S. listed as a "very high threat."
It made the list because its historical record shows it erupts frequently and on a large scale. It last erupted about 240 years ago, just before the Revolutionary War, and its last major eruption was about 1,800 years ago.
Of the volcanoes on that list, Glacier Peak, at 10,541 feet, is among those with the fewest seismic monitoring stations.
Even so, volcanic experts believe they have enough seismometers that watch for clusters of earthquake activity to know when an eruption could be imminent. Also, a reverse 911 calling system would allow thousands of people to be notified within minutes.
In the worst-case scenario — if there is a major eruption and the wind blows southwest — Glacier Peak's ash fall could blot out much of the Puget Sound region, choking crops, ruining motors and making it difficult to breathe, geologists say. It would disrupt transportation, both on the ground and in the air, as ash clouds from Iceland's Eyjafjallajokull volcano have done recently in Europe.
Darrington could be flattened by one of Glacier Peak's lahars, a mud, rock, tree and melted glacier mixture that, while obliterating everything in its path, can lay down 30 feet of new soil in minutes. The small mountain town of about 1,500 people is built on dozens of such flows.
More than $750 million worth of homes, farms and other property in the Stillaguamish River basin, including parts of Arlington and Stanwood, lie in the path of a potential Glacier Peak lahar. So does all of the Skagit River Valley to the north, which is the direction a lahar is most likely to flow.
Many of those who bought their homes there for the commanding views of Mount Baker or Mount Rainier have no idea that an equally powerful volcano is right in their back pocket, tucked behind some smaller mountains east of Darrington and Granite Falls.
Only in 2007 did Snohomish County begin requiring landowners to sign a document that, for the first time, makes them acknowledge that they're buying or building a home within the long reach of Glacier Peak.
Property owners and government officials aren't the only ones oblivious to Snohomish County's only volcano.
Researchers crawl over Baker, Rainier and St. Helens, studying, cataloging and predicting when they might erupt again.
Only the hardiest scientists try to uncover Glacier Peak's secrets. Because it's hidden away and difficult to get to, it may be the least understood Cascade Range volcano. There are roads to St. Helens, Baker and Rainier. There's no road to Glacier Peak, and now all but one of the dirt roads that would get you close are blown out, destroyed by flooding.
To get there, hikers take the Mountain Loop Highway out of Granite Falls, take North Fork Sauk Road to the trailhead and then hike 17 miles to the peak. It takes three days for an in-shape climber to summit Glacier Peak, and it usually is undertaken only in the late spring or summer.
St. Helens, Rainier, and, to a lesser extent, Baker are dotted with seismometers. Continuous Global Positioning System monitors are ready to catch even the tiniest movements at the top of those volcanoes.
Glacier Peak has three seismometers and no GPS monitoring stations. Ideally, it should have 15 to 20 devices, but currently there is no money for that, said Cynthia Gardner, scientist in charge at the USGS' Cascade Volcano Observatory in Vancouver, Wash.
There is technology to track volcanoes from satellites, but it is not in real time and isn't always reliable.
Remote and beautiful
"Mount Baker is very conspicuous," said Richard Waitt, a geologist with the U.S. Geological Survey's Cascades Volcano Observatory. "Everybody knows about Mount Rainier. Everyone knows about Mount St. Helens for a different reason. Mount Adams is a big spectacular thing from places like Goldendale and Yakima."
In populated areas, Glacier Peak is mostly hidden from view.
"Glacier Peak isn't really visible from anywhere," Waitt said. "That's the one that's most surrounded by other mountains. It's only when you get up on mountains that you get up high enough to see it. When you're closer to it on the east side, or when you're hiking close to it on a trail, it can be a stunning big peak."
The volcano has always been held in high esteem by those who make the long trek to see it.
According to historical accounts, members of the Sauk-Suiattle Indian Tribe called Glacier Peak Tda-ko-buh-ba or Takobia. Translations are difficult, according to one accounting by tribal elders.
It's called "Da Kobad," which translates to "great white mother mountain" in "Indian stories and legends of the Stillaguamish, Sauks and allied tribes," a booklet first printed in 1926.
Those who know the volcano love it.
They count it as one of the country's most wild places, rising from the heart of one of the largest contiguous pieces of wilderness in the country outside of Alaska.
The Glacier Peak Wilderness, edged by the Stephen Mather Wilderness in North Cascades National Park to the north and the Henry M. Jackson Wilderness to the south, is so rugged and untrammeled that grizzly bears and wolves are believed to live there.
"The setting is kind of unparalleled," said Gary Paull, trails and wilderness manager for the Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest. "It's a big mountain. It towers up more than 7,000 feet from the valley floor. You don't see logging roads. You don't see (clear-cut) harvest units. It's just one of the more wild settings you're going to find yourself in."
Glacier Peak hazard zones
Anatomy of an eruption
How volcanoes work
Tom Sisson is equal parts geologist and mountain man.
He's done a lot of hiking and camping on Glacier Peak to find out what makes the volcano tick. Sisson's job is to determine what a future eruption might look like.
By building on existing knowledge and by doing new research, he's tasked with getting better dates on past eruptions and to see how long the eruptions lasted. Officially, he's putting together a geological hazards assessment.
"(Sisson) is doing a detailed geologic map of the volcano. He's looking at how large and explosive past eruptions have been," USGS geologist Gardner said. "Each volcano has its own history of eruptive behavior."
Thanks to how difficult it is to get to and its lack of notoriety, Glacier Peak is one of the last volcanoes in the Cascades to get such a study, she said.
Sisson is hearty and hale, which makes him the right candidate for Glacier Peak, Gardner said.
"He's a really expert mountaineer in addition to an expert geologist," she said. "He's extremely capable in the back country as a mountaineer."
His work as a geologist only begins after he hikes in to the mountain.
First Sisson must find a lava flow or rock deposit that looks like it could be from an eruption that he's interested in studying.
Then he must break off a piece and haul it back to his lab, something that's difficult to do when the only tools you're allowed to use are a pickaxe, shovel and muscle.
And rocks are heavy.
"We've been working with a horse packer out of Darrington," Sisson said, giving credit to the U.S. Forest Service for granting him unrestricted access to the area. "We'll bring the rocks out to a base camp and he'll haul them off the mountain for us."
Camping out for two weeks at a time, Sisson and any fellow geologists he can talk into helping him will find a "hundred or so rocks" to take back to his lab in Menlo Park, Calif.
Each rock tells part of the story. It's Sisson's job to put the pieces together.
"We want to know what kind of lava it was," he said. "We want to know when the eruption took place."
Geologist Jim Beget did his thesis on Glacier Peak in 1970, sketching out a picture of a volcano that has an active and explosive


these. It seems that God is asking people to reflect on events that happened many millennia ago without a crystal ball.
See they not how many a generation We destroyed before them?
Qur'an 6:6 [edit] There's an extreme east and west Zul-qarnain went to the most extreme corner of the earth on one edge, and then moved to the other edge. This attested to the flat earth concept propagated by the Qur'an. Tafsir Qurtubi also accepts this interpretation and even claims only Zul Qarnayn has seen the "supporting pillar mountrains".
Then followed he (another) way,
Qur'an 18:89 [edit] See also


(X)
 Z:2 (Y Z) Z:infinity
 [ fig 5 ]
 The link Y - Z breaks. Node Y knows to ignore Xs advertisement of Z
 because Y is the path vector. The avoids the count-to-infinity problem.
Another way to counter this problem is the split horizon. Basically, this
means that a router shouldn't advertise a path to a neighbor if that neighbor
is the next hop to the destination. This solves the problem presented in the
example above because the path to Z from X through Y would not have been
advertised to Y because Y is the neighbor _and_ the next hop to the
destination (Z). A variation called split horizon with poisonous reverse has
router X advertise an infinite cost to get to destination Z. Under a split
horizon, router X would not advertise that it could get to router Z.
----[ Link State Routing
A router using a link state routing protocol distributes the distance to its
neighbors to every other router on the network. This allows each router on
the network to make a routing table without knowing the full cost to the
destination from any one source. The problems of loops are avoided because
each router contains the full topology of the network. Basically, the router
makes a 3 tuple containing the source router (itself) the neighbor and the
cost to its neighbor. Therefore, if router A is connected to Router B over a
link of cost 3 and router A is connected to router C over link cost 5, then
router A would advertise the Link State Packets (LSPs) and to
all routers on this network. Each router on the network would evaluate all of
the LSPs that it receives and calculate a shortest path to every destination
on the network.
Obviously, the LSP is an integral part of the convergence process. If someone
could inject false LSPs into the network, it could result in misrouted
information (a packet taking a longer path than it should) or even in the
blackholing of a router on the network. This is not necessary a malicious
attack of a network, however. Router C could advertise a link to its neighbor
D with the 3 tuple and then withdraw the announcement when the link
goes down. Unfortunately, if the LSP advertising the link having an infinite
cost arrives before the LSP advertising the cost of that link being 6, the
routing table will not reflect the topology of the network and will be in that
state until another LSP comes to correct the problem.
To combat this, a sequence number is introduced into the LSP. Therefore, all
of the routers on the network would initialize their sequence number to some
starting value and then start advertising their LSPs. This solves the above
problem in that the LSP advertising the link of infinite cost would have a
higher sequence number than the LSP advertising the link as having cost 6.
Some problems encountered when using sequences numbers are finite sequence
space, sequence initialization, and aging. It is in the best interest of a
robust link state protocol needs to protect its LSPs as well as choose a
sequence space which is sufficiently large to accommodate updates. The
sequence space that the LSPs can use is set to some finite value. Therefore,
when the sequence numbers reach the top of the space, they must wrap around
towards the smallest sequence number. This presents a problem because when a
router compares link state updates, the greater sequence number takes
preference. To combat this problem, you can define a maximum age of the LSP.
Therefore, if you have not received an update in X ticks, you discard the
current LSP information and wait for a further update. It must be noted that
this invalidates the path information to a destination. For example, if
router Y advertises a cost to its neighbor router Z where router Y is
connected by one link to a meshed network, when the link between the mesh and
router Y breaks, the other routers in the mesh have preserved link state
information that will allow them to find a path towards Z. If they receive no
updates in MAX_AGE, then they will assume that the link to Y is unreachable.
This will allow each router to converge its table and allow it to advertise an
infinite LSP for Y and Z.
Sequence initialization is also an important facet of this problem. Say
router Y crashed and is rebooting while the network is recalculating paths to
it. When it starts its link state protocol back up, it must somehow indicate
that it needs to reinitialize its sequence number to the last number it gave
all of the other routers to allow for coherence. Therefore, it can announce
paths with a sequence number in a special "initialization set". This
initialization set will tell the other routers that this router needs the
sequence where it left off. This is the "lollipop sequence" idiom. The
sequence space really resembles a lollipop in that the normal sequence number
keep churning around the finite sequence space while reinitialization takes
place in a short linear sequence space (comparable to the stick :).
Great pains are taken to ensure the integrity of LSPs. In fact, this entire
routing algorithm depends on the LSP being digested in a coherent method to
guarantee that each router has the correct view of the network topology. The
question still remains how the root node router computes the distance to each
Because of the general nature of a link state protocol, you have various nodes
of the network advertising the distance to get to their neighbors to every
other node on the network. Thus each node has a collection of neighbor
distances from various routers on the network. The routing table is basically
'grown' outward from the root node to all of the network extremities. This
will be explained in a slightly rigorous fashion in the next section.
----[ Dijkstra's Algorithm
This algorithm is a simple and elegant way to determine network topology.
Basically, there are two distinct sets of destinations on the network.
Destinations in set K are known routes for which a shortest path has been
computed. Destinations in set U are routers for which the best path to that
router is not currently known. In this set, paths are being considered as
candidates to be the best path to that destination.
To start off, add the current node p into the set K. Then add all of its
neighbors into the set U with path/cost associations. If there is another path
to one of the neighbors in the U set, then choose the path which costs the
least. When the neighbors N* are added to U make sure that they indicate the
cost through p as well as p's ID.
Once this has been done for the set U, then pick the neighbor n to p which has
the smallest cost to reach p. This is assuming that the neighbor has not
already been installed in K. This algorithm stops when set U is equivalent to
the empty set. When set U is null, it is implied that all destinations are in
set K and have the shortest cost from the root node P on which this algorithm
is running. Note, that each step evaluates adds ONE neighbor into K. That
neighbor is the router with the smallest cost to reach p.
----[ Distance Vector vs. Link State
We are left with these protocols like BGP which uses path vector and OSPF
which uses link state. Why do they occupy such orthogonal space? When a link
state protocol is working correctly, it guarantees that there will be no
routing loops in the network. The link state protocol also guarantees fast
convergence when there is a change in the topology of the network because the
link state is distributed on a flat routing space. Since link state protocols
contain these inherent advantages, why do protocols like BGP chose to employ
the path vector approach?
Taking a cross-section of routing protocols that are employed on the internet,
one finds that the majority of large providers use OSPF to resolve routing
information on their internal network and BGP to talk to other distinct
networks (or autonomous systems) at their borders of administration. What
suits BGP as an external protocol and OSPF for an internal routing protocol?
One issue, which will be discussed in the next section, is hierarchy. BGP
provides a mechanism for a routing hierarchy which enables it to greatly
reduce the space of its table. OSPF, which is a link state protocol,
provides a flat routing table whereby any internal router knows the full
hop by hop path to any destination within the autonomous system. Furthermore,
distance vector protocols understand that different areas can have different
views of the network where link state protocols require that each node
independently compute a consistent view of the network. This saves the DV
protocol the overhead of maintaining a correct LSP database. BGP also has
another 'advantage' in that it is layered on top of the Transmission Control
Protocol (TCP). Therefore, in the 'best-effort' service of IP networks, BGP
has assurance (to the level that TCP can guarantee) that routing information
will


Build instance. You will need the original alienfile and the build root (usually _alien). root my $dir = $build->root; This is just a shortcut for: my $root = $build->install_prop->{root}; Except that it will be created if it does not already exist. install_type my $type = $build->install_type; This will return the install type. (See the like named install property above for details). This method will call probe if it has not already been called. set_prefix $build->set_prefix($prefix); Set the final (unstaged) prefix. This is normally only called by Alien::Build::MM and similar modules. It is not intended for use from plugins or from an alienfile. set_stage $build->set_stage($dir); Sets the stage directory. This is normally only called by Alien::Build::MM and similar modules. It is not intended for use from plugins or from an alienfile. requires my $hash = $build->requires($phase); Returns a hash reference of the modules required for the given phase. Phases include: configure These modules must already be available when the alienfile is read. any These modules are used during either a system or share install. share These modules are used during the build phase of a share install. system These modules are used during the build phase of a system install. load_requires $build->load_requires($phase); This loads the appropriate modules for the given phase (see requires above for a description of the phases). probe my $install_type = $build->probe; Attempts to determine if the operating system has the library or tool already installed. If so, then the string system will be returned and a system install will be performed. If not, then the string share will be installed and the tool or library will be downloaded and built from source. If the environment variable ALIEN_INSTALL_TYPE is set, then that will force a specific type of install. If the detection logic cannot accommodate the install type requested then it will fail with an exception. download $build->download; Download the source, usually as a tarball, usually from the internet. Under a system install this does not do anything. fetch my $res = $build->fetch; my $res = $build->fetch($url); Fetch a resource using the fetch hook. Returns the same hash structure described below in the hook documentation. decode my $decoded_res = $build->decode($res); Decode the HTML or file listing returned by fetch. Returns the same hash structure described below in the hook documentation. prefer my $sorted_res = $build->prefer($res); Filter and sort candidates. The preferred candidate will be returned first in the list. The worst candidate will be returned last. Returns the same hash structure described below in the hook documentation. extract my $dir = $build->extract; my $dir = $build->extract($archive); Extracts the given archive into a fresh directory. This is normally called internally to Alien::Build, and for normal usage is not needed from a plugin or alienfile. build $build->build; Run the build step. It is expected that probe and download have already been performed. What it actually does depends on the type of install: share The source is extracted, and built as determined by the alienfile recipe. If there is a gather_share that will be executed last. system The gather_system hook will be executed. system $build->system($command); $build->system($command, _USER_); Interpolates the command and arguments and run the results using the Perl system command. log $build->log($message); Send a message to the log. By default this prints to STDOUT. meta my $meta = Alien::Build->meta; my $meta = $build->meta; Returns the meta object for your Alien::Build class or instance. The meta object is a way to manipulate the recipe, and so any changes to the meta object should be made before the probe, download or build steps. META METHODS prop my $href = $build->meta->prop; Meta properties. This is the same as calling meta_prop on the class or Alien::Build instance. add_requires Alien::Build->meta->add_requires($phase, $module => $version,...); Add the requirement to the given phase. Phase should be one of: configure any share system interpolator my $interpolator = $build->meta->interpolator; my $interpolator = Alien::Build->interpolator; Returns the Alien::Build::Interpolate instance for the Alien::Build class. has_hook my $bool = $build->meta->has_hook($name); my $bool = Alien::Build->has_hook($name); Returns if there is a usable hook registered with the given name. register_hook $build->meta->register_hook($name, $instructions); Alien::Build->meta->register_hook($name, $instructions); Register a hook with the given name. $instruction should be either a code reference, or a command sequence, which is an array reference. default_hook $build->meta->default_hook($name, $instructions); Alien::Build->meta->default_hook($name, $instructions); Register a default hook, which will be used if the alienfile does not register its own hook with that name. around_hook $build->meta->around_hook($hook, $code); Alien::Build->meta->around_hook($name, $code); Wrap the given hook with a code reference. This is similar to a Moose method modifier, except that it wraps around the given hook instead of a method. For example, this will add a probe system requirement: $build->meta->around_hook( probe => sub { my $orig = shift; my $build = shift; my $type = $orig->($build, _USER_); return $type unless $type eq'system'; # also require a configuration file if(-f '/etc/foo.conf') { return'system'; } else { return'share'; } }, ); ENVIRONMENT Alien::Build responds to these environment variables: ALIEN_INSTALL_TYPE If set to share or system, it will override the system detection logic. ALIEN_BUILD_RC Perl source file which can override some global defaults for Alien::Build, by, for example, setting preload and postload plugins. ALIEN_BUILD_PKG_CONFIG Override the logic in Alien::Build::Plugin::PkgConfig::Negotiate which chooses the best pkg-config plugin. ALIEN_BUILD_PRELOAD semicolon separated list of plugins to automatically load before parsing your alienfile. ALIEN_BUILD_PRELOAD semicolon separated list of plugins to automatically load after parsing your alienfile. DESTDIR This environment variable will be manipulated during a destdir install. PKG_CONFIG This environment variable can be used to override the program name for pkg-config for some PkgConfig plugins: Alien::Build::Plugin::PkgConfig. ftp_proxy, all_proxy If these environment variables are set, it may influence the Download negotiation plugin Alien::Build::Plugin::Downaload::Negotiate. Other proxy variables may be used by some Fetch plugins, if they support it. SUPPORT The intent of the Alien-Build team is to support as best as possible all Perls from 5.8.1 to the latest production version. So long as they are also supported by the Perl toolchain. Please feel encouraged to report issues that you encounter to the project GitHub Issue tracker: Better if you can fix the issue yourself, please feel encouraged to open pull-request on the project GitHub: If you are confounded and have questions, join us on the _TAG_ channel on The Alien-Build developers frequent this channel and can probably help point you in the right direction. If you don't have an IRC client handy, you can use this web interface: SEE ALSO Alien::Build::Manual::AlienAuthor, Alien::Build::Manual::AlienUser, Alien::Build::Manual::Contributing, Alien::Build::Manual::FAQ, Alien::Build::Manual::PluginAuthor alienfile, Alien::Build::MM, Alien::Build::Plugin, Alien::Base, Alien AUTHOR Author: Graham Ollis Contributors: Diab Jerius (DJERIUS) Roy Storey Ilya Pavlov David Mertens (run4flat) Mark Nunberg (mordy, mnunberg) Christian Walde (Mithaldu) Brian Wightman (MidLifeXis) Zaki Mughal (zmughal) mohawk2 Vikas N Kumar (vikasnkumar) Flavio Poletti (polettix) Salvador Fandiño (salva) Gianni Ceccarelli (dakkar) Pavel Shaydo (zwon, trinitum) Kang-min Liu (劉康民, gugod) Nicholas Shipp (nshp) Juan Julián Merelo Guervós (JJ) COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE This software is copyright (c) 2017 by Graham Ollis. This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.


text:
Single wall corrugated sheet
- Cardboard sheet can be used as layering pads to stabilise boxes stacked on a pallet.
- Size specification: The first measurement gives the width of the cardboard sheet.
- Cardboard sheet have a brown kraft paper outer layer.
- Easy to store, reusable and recyclable.
- Can be inserted into mailings to help keep documents flat and protect corners and surfaces from scratching and abrasion.
- Cardboard sheet are used as layering pads within cardboard boxes to cushion, protect and stabilise packaged products.
|Single wall layer pads. 125KTB 0901.|
|Buy quality cardboard sheets.|
- Cardboard sheet can be trimmed down to the desired size.
- cardboard sheet
- sheet cardboard

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
The 6th annual national survey of garden birds is about to begin.
Participants can do the count from the luxury of their kitchen or living room by looking out the window at just one part of their garden. More than the 3000 survey forms were completed last year and organisers are looking for an increase this year.
The results of last year's survey show that the most numerous species counted in New Zealand gardens is the house sparrow followed by the silvereye (or waxeye), starling, blackbird and myna. In 2011, Hawke's Bay recorded the largest increase in the number of survey forms completed.
The survey form and an identification chart for the most common birds found in New Zealand gardens is available on the web at _URL_


Henricus Lux
My third great grandfather, Henricus Lux was born February 24, 1804 at Hagen, a very small village in the commune (equivalent to our county) of Steinfort, Luxembourg. His father, Frederich Lux was a day laborer and a cultivator. Because of the high infant mortality rate, infants were usually baptized the day they were born. Henricus grew up in Hagen and nothing is known about his childhood except that he was the fifth of six children.
Saint Antoine Church Hagen, Luxembourg
Saint Antoine Church Hagen, Luxembourg
Henricus (written Heinrich on his marriage document) of Hagen married Maria Boseler of Goetzingen on June 18, 1829 at Koerich, the seat of her commune. Saint Remigius church at Koerich dates back to the 1100s. The existing church was built in 1610. There were various additions and alterations over the centuries, the last being the onion-shaped spire which was built in 1791. Henricus and Maria were married in the building you see here.
Saint Remigius Church, Koerich, Luxembourg
Saint Remigius Church, Koerich, Luxembourg
At the time of the marriage Henricus' father was deceased and his mother was living at Hagen. Maria's parents, Michael Boseler and Theresa Biver were living at Goetzingen. The couple settled into married life at Goetzingen where nine children were born between 1831 and 1847. Three children died as infants.
Luxembourg took a census in 1843. At Goetzingen, Henry, as he is listed, was a cultivator as was his wife Marie and, surprisingly, her mother Theresa Biver, age 63, born in 1780. In all twelve persons, including his mother-in-law Theresa and her two youngest daughters, were living in what was probably a small stone house.
In late 1853 the Lux family sold their possessions and made the trip to Antwerp, Belgium where they boarded the American barque "Sea Duck." A barque is a sailing vessel with three or more masts. The family traveled in steerage as did most immigrants. There were 193 persons on board the ship. The trip to New York would have taken a minimum of six weeks with good sailing weather. They arrived in New York harbor on November 16, 1853. At that time immigrant ships sailed into the docks on the east side of Manhattan. New York's first immigration facility, Castle Gardens, did not open until 1855.
The Lux family sailed on a ship similar to this one.
The Lux family sailed on a ship similar to this one.
An 1854 Passage Contract, probably similar to the one Henricus signed, contained the following stipulations:
 1. Passengers will not be able to board until it is found that they have enough food for the journey.
 2. Passengers will be entitled to have onboard the said Ship:
 1.) A place in steerage.
 2.) Free carriage of 100 kilograms of luggage or 20 English cubic feet for each adult
 3.) Empty cabin space and medications in case of emergency.
 4.) Place for cooking.
 5.) Fresh water, wood or coal and lighting.
 3. Trunks, crates, bags and barrels must be clearly marked on the top with the number of the owner's cabin space.
 4. Passengers must bring their bedding and cooking utensils.
 5. Passengers must load and unload their baggage and food, neither the Captain nor the Emigration Office being responsible for such tasks.
 6. Weapons of all kinds must be surrendered to the Captain.
 7. Large trunks and crates will be lowered in the hold, as well as the potatoes, biscuits and wine.
 8. While the Ship is at dockside, it is not allowed to go down into the hold. At sea, the hold will be opened at necessary time for Passengers to access their food.
 9. Before boarding the Ship, each Passenger over the age of ten, shall load the following food:
 - 40 pounds of biscuits.
 - 1 hectoliter (2 bushels or 140 lb.) of potatoes or 30 pounds of dry vegetables.
 - 5 pounds of Rice.
 - 5 pounds of Flour.
 - 4 pounds of butter.
 - 14 pounds of smoked ham.
 - 2 pounds of salt.
 - 2 liters of Vinegar
 1. Any Passenger who does not have these quantities on board, twelve hours before departure, will not be able to travel with the departing Ship.
 2. The Captain provides water, wood, kitchen, unfurnished cabin space and medicines in case of illness.
 3. Fresh water is only for drinking and for preparing food; and should not be used for washing.
 4. The utmost cleanliness should be observed in the steerage to prevent contagious diseases. Everyone must ensure that their space is kept clean as well as the area in the front every morning, otherwise he/she would not be allowed to cook.
 5. It is strictly forbidden to smoke on the ship, to make fire, or to burn candles while the vessel is at dock. At sea, smoking is permitted, but only on the deck and with covered pipes.
 6. Special captain's permission is required to light a lantern in the steerage, and it is strictly forbidden to carry chemical matches on board.
 7. Passengers must avoid any dispute or quarrel among themselves or with the Crew. Anyone who thinks he has cause to complain will address himself to the captain, to the provisions and orders of which every passenger owes absolute obedience.
 8. The stern of the ship is reserved for the captain.
 9. It is forbidden, under severe penalties, to give wine or spirits to drink to the crew; passenger who disregard this security, will have his/her drinks seized.
 10. The same penalty shall be done to passenger with signs of drunkenness and cause disorder on the ship.
 11. The amount of the passage is payable the day before the fixed departure; whoever neglects this payment or who misses the ship, will lose his account or his passage. All Passengers must be on board two hours before departure time, especially women and children. It is advisable to bring fresh bread for five or six days.
 12. Passengers must have their passports stamped by the police.
 13. When the Ship is out of the dock, all Passengers must get on deck and meet by family together with all members from the same receipt. Roll call will be made, and all will be dismissed to the steerage.
 14. These Regulations are made solely for the benefit and well-being of the steerage passengers for their safety, convenience and health.
The Captain expects that he will not be put in a position of ire.
When the Lux family immigrated the United States had no immigration regulations. Throughout the 1700s and most of the 1800s the US encouraged free immigration, even advertising in Europe for homesteaders to fill the Great Plains and the West. On August 3, 1882, the United States Congress passed the Immigration Act of 1882. It is considered by many to be "first general immigration law" due to the fact that it created the guidelines of exclusion through the creation of "a new category of inadmissible aliens."
The story of the Lux family's life in Iowa will follow when I get it written.


Dynamic Abbrev Expansion
Complete the word before point as a dynamic abbrev (dabbrev-completion).
For example, if the buffer contains 'does this follow'and you type f o M-/, the effect is to insert 'follow' because that is the last word in the buffer that starts with 'fo'. A numeric argument to M-/ says to take the second, third, etc. distinct expansion found looking backward from point. Repeating M-/ searches for an alternative expansion by looking farther back. After scanning all the text before point, it searches the text after point. The variable dabbrev-limit, if non-nil, specifies how far in the buffer to search for an expansion.
After scanning the current buffer, M-/ normally searches other buffers, unless you have set dabbrev-check-all-buffers to nil.
A negative argument to M-/, as in C-u - M-/, says to search first for expansions after point, and second for expansions before point. If you repeat the M-/ to look for another expansion, do not specify an argument. This tries all the expansions after point and then the expansions before point.
After you have expanded a dynamic abbrev, you can copy additional words that follow the expansion in its original context. Simply type SPC M-/ for each word you want to copy. The spacing and punctuation between words is copied along with the words.
The command C-M-/ (dabbrev-completion) performs completion of a dynamic abbreviation. Instead of trying the possible expansions one by one, it finds all of them, then inserts the text that they have in common. If they have nothing in common, C-M-/ displays a list of completions, from which you can select a choice in the usual manner. See section Completion.


Transform emotions
The Buddha Dharma is for clearing all the impurities of the mind.
There is nothing in the Dharma which is not aimed at clearing our negative emotions. There is nothing in the Dharma that is not a direct antidote for our negative emotions.
In some teachings, sometimes attachment is the main target to work on and sometimes the main practice, or the main target, is aversion or anger, and sometimes ignorance is the main practice.
According to the teachings, there are different kinds of methods and different levels of teachings to suit different needs.


By Topic
Enhancing iconic program reusability with object sharing
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3 Author(s)
Koike, Y. ; C&C Res. Labs., NEC Corp., Kawasaki, Japan ; Maeda, Y. ; Koseki, Y.
The paper describes how to improve the reusability of iconic program modules. In iconic programming systems, the most important features for reuse are the customization of a module and combination of multiple modules without changing their definitions. In order to realize these features, we propose an object sharing technique, which allows components of multiple modules to represent the same object instance. Since a component in a module can be related to an object in another module, by adding a new function to an object in the latter module, the former module can be customized without changing its own definition. In addition, by relating a component to multiple objects in different modules, different functions defined in each module, can be combined easily. Finally, we show that the proposed technique realizes a useful software development style using templates, which will contribute to the improvement of the productivity
Published in:
Visual Languages, 1996. Proceedings., IEEE Symposium on
Date of Conference:
3-6 Sep 1996


Definition of mid-parent in English:
Pronunciation /ˈmɪdˌpɛːrənt/ /ˈmɪdˌpɛːr(ə)nt/
Anthropology Genetics
 - Originally: a hypothetical parent of composite sex whose height is the average of the actual height of the father, and the height of the mother multiplied by the ratio of male to female height in the population. Later: a notional individual having the value of some property or trait equal to the average of the value of each parent.
Late 19th century; earliest use found in Francis Galton (1822–1911), biostatistician, human geneticist, and eugenicist. From mid + parent.


X-Ways Imager
Best speed, most intelligent compression, not free
Forensic disk imaging tool. Stripped down version of the X-Ways Forensics computer forensics software with just the disk imaging functionality and little more (see below). X-Ways Imager was originally introduced in 2009 based on a request from an agency in the US, which had found out during performance tests that X-Ways Forensics was much faster than other imaging tools, especially when used together with hardware write blockers. Another test run by a similar agency in Australia also confirmed significant speed advantages over competing product. X-Ways Forensics/X-Ways Imager proved to be around twice as fast as competing products (the usual suspects) in a test ran by the F-Response development team for remote acquisitions! (blog post) X-Ways Forensics/X-Ways Imager was twice or 3 times as fast as the competing products here. Another win here.
X-Ways Imager can be run directly for example from a USB device if desired, without installation, i.e. fully portable, just like WinHex and X-Ways Forensics. Totally different from a competing product that claims that it is suitable for live acquisition but in reality installs itself into the temp folder of the live system, thereby overwriting ~45 MB of drive space, and clandestinely removes itself from there after execution. Please don't get fooled by 3rd party disk imaging software.
The intelligence of the compression is another important factor. The compression algorithms in X-Ways Forensics and X-Ways Imager offer unsurpassed adaptability and a great range of compromises between speed and compression rate. They do not blindly compress almost incompressible data to death, forcing analysis software to waste time decompressing the data although the compression gain was negligible, unlike some really bad other disk imaging tools that waste your time and shall not be named here.
Images created by X-Ways Forensics and X-Ways Imager also allow X-Ways Forensics to to treat originally zeroed out disk areas as sparse, i.e. enable the software to totally skip these areas, neither read or decompress the compressed data in the image, let alone parse the decompressed version of the data, for example when carving files or running keyword searches. This can save a lot of time with today's huge hard disks if their space is not completely utilized. What's more, there are advanced features such as optional exclusion of free drive space and reverse imaging make X-Ways Imager the perhaps best disk imaging software on the market.
Plus X-Ways Imager can reconstruct virtually all conceivable variants of failed disk-based RAID systems like JBOD, RAID 0, RAID 5, RAID 6 and more if you know the correct parameters, and can image or clone the RAID. Disk-based means that the components of the RAIDs are physical hard disks/SSDs, not logical partitions/volumes.
The following menu commands in the software are available:
 - Tools | Open Disk
 - File | Create Disk Image (except for the ability to omit excluded files)
 - Tools | Disk Tools | Clone Disk
 - Tools | Compute Hash
 - Specialist | Reconstruct RAID System
The contents of the sectors are displayed in a hex and a text column. The directory browser shows the partitions on physical disks. You can image or clone entire physical disks or individual partitions, i.e. copy them sector-wise, and create either raw images or.e01 evidence files. The so-called technical details report is output at that occasion, too. You can convert images from one format to the other. Free space can be omitted optionally if you don't need to acquire it, to save a lot of time and drive space. Raw images can additionally be filled backwards if you are struggling with severely damaged hard disks that freeze or crash your computer when reaching a certain sector. Detection and acquisition of HPA or DCO areas supported. Almost all other functions and display elements known from X-Ways Forensics are grayed out/not available in X-Ways Imager. In particular X-Ways Imager cannot create evidence file containers or skeleton images or cleansed images.
F-Response is an ideal add-on product that allows X-Ways Forensics to remotely analyze disks and RAM. And the other way around X-Ways Imager is an ideal add-on product for F-Response that allows you to image remote disks and dump remote RAM, too!
Screenshot of X-Ways Imager
NIST imaging test results, Aug 2016


A small ball of mass m is aligned above a larger ball ofmass M = 0.83 kg (with aslight separation, as with the baseball and basketball of Figure9-67a), and the two are dropped simultaneously from heighth = 1.9 m. (Assume the radiusof each ball is negligible relative to h.)
Fig. 9-67
(a) If the larger ball rebounds elasticallyfrom the floor and then the small ball rebounds elastically fromthe larger ball, what value of m results in the largerball stopping when it collides with the small ball?
(b) What height does the small ball then reach (Figure9-67b)?


text:
The DHHC leverages and integrates a suite of 2D and 3D technologies to capture the world around us in representative ways. Our tool kit includes terrestrial laser scanning, photogrammetry, specialized imaging, drone-based mapping and structure from motion, GPS, and GIS approaches.
Visualization strategies, such as Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, and 3D modeling, are used to create immersive experiences that showcase heritage in ways that promote education, outreach, research and sustainable tourism. Our work focuses on a number of scalar approaches from landscape to object, and includes short range, high resolution work that enhances museum and interpretive experiences and virtual sharing.
How we leverage technology on our projects:
Exploring and documenting the world around us in 3D
All Images Copyright © 2019 University of South Florida Libraries, Digital Heritage and Humanities Collections


text:
Random matrices in statistics: testing in spiked models
Iain Johnstone, Stanford University
Viernes 7 de marzo, Departamento de Matemáticas, aula 520, 11:30
Principal components analysis is a staple of multivariate statistical analysis. Viewed as the study of the eigenvalues of a sample covariance matrix, it is an important example for random matrix theory. The talk will explore the interplay between these two subjects by focusing on covariance matrices which are drawn from low rank perturbations of a scaled identity matrix. Such models arise in settings as diverse as finance, genetics and signal processing -- brief examples will be given. We give an overview of some results of several people on estimating and testing in settings with both weak and strong signals.


text:
May 20, 2009
The Cook Islands are closely associated to New Zealand. Air New Zealand is the only air carrier that flies directly from the U.S. to the Cook Islands. As you will see below, the Cook Islands use the NZD as their currency.
Despite some 90,000 visitors a year to the capital island, Rarotonga, the Cook Islands are largely unspoiled by tourism. There are no high-rise hotels, only four beach buggies and very little hype. The Cook Islands offer a rare opportunity for an authentic island holiday.
There are a total of 15 islands in the heart of the South Pacific spread over 850,000 square miles with a population of approximately 15,000. The Islands most visited are Rarotonga and Aitutaki which are only 140 miles apart.
Cook Island History
Ru, from Tupua'i in French Polynesia, is believed to have landed on Aitutaki, and Tangiia, also from French Polynesia, is believed to have arrived on Rarotonga around 800 AD. Similarly, the northern islands were probably settled by expeditions from Samoa and Tonga.
Cook Island Climate
Cooled by the gentle breezes of the Pacific, the climate of these islands is sunny and pleasant. Roughly speaking, there are two seasons: from November through May the climate is hot and humid, and from June through October the climate is warm and dry. Most of the rain falls during the hot season, but there are also many lovely sunny days during these months, with refreshing trade-winds.
Cook Island Geography
The Cook Islands consists of two main groups, one in the north and one in the south. The southern group is nine "high" islands mainly of volcanic origin although some are virtually atolls. The majority of the population lives in the southern group. The northern group comprises six true atolls.
Cook Island Southern Group
Aitutaki, Atiu, Mangaia, Manuae, Mauke, Mitiaro, Palmerston, Rarotonga (the capital island), Takutea.
Cook Island Northern Group
Manihiki, Nassau, Tongareva (Penrhyn) also known as Mangarongaro, Pukapuka, Rakahanga, Suwarrow
Cook Island Time Zones
Rarotonga and Aitutaki are in the same time zone.
Cook Island Currency
New Zealand dollar.
Cook Island Language
English and Cook Island Maori.
Call the "Island Travel Gal" at _PHONE_ or email _EMAIL_
to secure your seats to the idyllic Cook Islands
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text:
Digitalisation of teaching and learning for centres of vocational excellence
The Digitalisation of Teaching and Learning initiative is designed to debunk myths and misconceptions by demonstrating how digitalisation in education can lead to efficient learning and teaching with minimal effort from both students and teachers. It is based on the assumption that only buy-in from relevant stakeholders, specifically teachers and students, can make the digitalisation of teaching and learning happen in a meaningful way. Top-down measures that do not take the experience of teachers and students into account will have little or no impact.
Launched in 2022, the initiative is part of the Industry 4.0 and Digitalisation priority area. When the global health crisis forced countries into lockdown, the system-wide implementation of digital solutions became every country's top priority. Out of necessity, the digitalisation of educational ecosystems became scalable, despite limited resources. Thus, an unintended, positive consequence of the Covid-19 pandemic has been the realisation, among all relevant stakeholders, that remote working, teaching, and learning are possible thanks to digital tools.
The first phase of the initiative will focus on the digital transformation of teaching and learning. The different aspects of digital teaching and learning have been clustered into three macro areas:
- digital content and tools,
- teachers' digital competences
- digital pedagogical methods.
The main objective of the initiative is to develop partnerships with both EU and non-EU countries. Participating centres of vocational excellence (CoVEs) will have the opportunity to share knowledge and exchange good practice with each other and with CoVEs located in EU Member States. They will also benefit from customised cooperation and coaching programmes as well as have access to a pool of experts to further develop their own digital teaching and learning systems.
The initiative's outputs include:
- a presentation of best practices in relation to three areas of digital teaching and learning;
- a compendium of development projects on digital teaching and learning implemented through the support of the initiative;
- recommendations and strategies to help CoVEs introduce digitalisation in teaching and learning.
Members of the initiative will benefit from:
- access to proven tools and methodologies;
- access to professional coaching in partner countries;
- participation in peer-learning activities and opportunity to be inspired by peers;
- access to a diverse network of public authorities, business associations, chambers of commerce, employers and schools;
- high visibility in Open Space, the ETF online platform.
For more information, join our online community on Open Space.


text:
For learning Lithuanian language it is necessary to know alphabets in Lithuanian. You have to know alphabets in Lithuanian to learn writing in Lithuanian language. Lithuanian alphabets are the building blocks of Lithuanian language. There are 32 characters in Lithuanian alphabets. Lithuanian alphabets are made up of Lithuanian vowels and Lithuanian consonants. The Lithuanian alphabets contain 12 vowels and 20 consonants. Lithuanian vs German gives a comparison between Lithuanian and German alphabets.
Lithuanian script is also known as Lithuanian writing system or Lithuanian orthography. The set of visible signs used to represent units of Lithuanian language in a systematic way is called Lithuanian Script. The Lithuanian language uses Latin i.e. Lithuanian alphabets are derived from Latin script. The script decides the writing direction of the any language, hence the writing direction of Lithuanian is Left-To-Right, Horizontal. Learn Lithuanian Greetings where you will find some interesting phrases.
Is Lithuanian hard to learn? The answer to this question is that it depends on one's native language. One should start learning Lithuanian language with Lithuanian alphabets and Lithuanian phonology.
Time taken to learn any language that is mentioned here is the approximate time required to learn specific language for the person who is proficient in English. You can also go through all Indian Languages and find if Lithuanian is one of the language of India.
© 2015-2019. A softUsvista venture!


text:
Biology _PHONE_ first paper on serendip instinctive behavior amanda maclay perhaps it can be said that the distinguishing factor between humans and animals is that animals act out of instinct and humans out of will. Advertisements: social structure – meaning, elements and types social structure is the basic concept for the proper understanding of society herein we propose to give a somewhat detailed view of the important concept of social structure. Culture is defined as all group-typical behavior patterns, shared by members of animal communities, that are to some degree reliant on socially learned and transmitted information additionally, culture is not passed on genetically from parents to offspring, but rather learned through experience and participation, which makes the evolution of. Why be social primate social behavior dominance most behavioral patterns in those species aren't learned primate behavior# chapter 7 social structure. Otter social behavior the social structure of otters is one that seems very complex from the outside looking in yet as you explore it more you find that it. Behavioral ecology and sociobiology the social network structure of a wild meerkat and may have predictable pathways and patterns of disease transmission or.
Patterns of parasitism in the cooperatively breeding meerkat: potentially as a consequence of their social behavior: social structure mediates. Behavioral ecology natural primate social structure social structures result sleeping sites activity patterns human activities primate social. Social structure habitat prey predators diet 5 adaptations my future animal stephanie💚 5 adaptations 1 the next adaptation meerkats have. Social structure is the organized set of social institutions and patterns of institutionalized relationships that together compose society social structure is both a product of social interaction and directly determines it social structures are not immediately visible to the untrained observer. The social network structure of a wild meerkat trait assortment in a social network: patterns and analysis for primate behavioral management.
Lion social behavior the social structure of the lion is very interesting to observe the social structure of the lion also affects the eating patterns for them. Over time, natural selection has also favored other behavior patterns that help species dispersal and social behavior other patterns of behavior include.
Social and behavior patterns of meerkats the animal that i selected to observe is the meerkat this research paper will explain the behavior patterns and social structures. Meerkat suricata suricatta 1 animal type: mammal 2 conservation status: low risk a range/habitat i dry open areas as well as scrublands and savannas ii kalahari desert and south africa 3 size: a female: slightly larger than males b male: 12 inches in length 4 social structure a meerkats live in 'mobs' or packs of up to 30 individuals. Sociologists have frequently utilized the concepts of communal and associational social structures as bipolar ideal types for describing and interpreting behavioral patterns. We developed a novel method that allows social and asocial learning mechanisms to be learning mechanisms in meerkats behavioral.
Knowledge of the structure of networks of social interactions is important for understanding the evolution of cooperation, transmission of disease, and patterns of social learning, yet little is.
Read social functions of allogrooming in cooperatively of allogrooming in cooperatively breeding meerkats behavior and social structure in. Variation in call rate and acoustic structure of meerkat patterns are linked to sex, social not fecal glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations. Social play, or play behavior directed at conspecifics (burghardt, 2005), is evident in a variety of species and is especially salient in those with complex social structures. Our findings suggest that meerkat close calling behavior conveys we conclude that close calling patterns in meerkats appear the social structure and. Dolphins live in complex social societies where their socialization behavior of captive in dolphins acts to mold their social structure and how they.


text:
Preoperative cognitive testing and depression screening could help healthcare professionals anticipate which older patients are at risk for postoperative delirium, new research suggests. Postoperative delirium is associated with more complications, increased mortality, and prolonged hospital stays.
In the study, 52 older adults ages 51 to 82 completed baseline screening before undergoing major noncardiac surgery requiring general anesthesia. Researchers evaluated them using the Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form, the Trail Making Test (a measure of executive skill), and the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination-revised (a measure of general cognition). These tests can be administered by nurses before surgery in about 15 minutes.
After surgery, seven patients (13%) developed delirium. Researchers found that depression and performance of an executive task measuring sequencing and cognitive flexibility were independent predictors of postoperative delirium. They hope that their findings lead to more investigation into ways to identify susceptible patients and interventions that would reduce their risk; for example, treating depression before elective surgery.
The researchers presented their findings at an annual meeting of the American Society of Anesthesiologists in Orlando, Fla., in October.


The Fine Art of Camouflage
Amongst the various aspects of survival is the problem of keeping others from killing you. The unfortunate reality is that mankind really isn't as civilized as we pretend we are. In the face of a crisis, it's easy for us to fall back to our base instincts, strip off the cloak of respectability and become almost animal-like in our quest for survival. That includes killing others if it increases your chance for survival. Of course, to kill you they have to find you… and that's where camouflage comes in.
The idea of camouflage (at least on a military basis) was actually invented by the Russians, who used it to great effect in hiding from the Germans. As armies are wont to do, the rest of the world quickly saw the benefits and followed their example. Before long, the bright-colored uniforms that soldiers had worn to identify their nation were replaced by camouflage uniforms to help them blend in to their surroundings.
But the idea of camouflage goes back even farther than that. The American Indians were masters of camouflage, blending into their surroundings as they fought the westward settlement. Some tribes, like the Apaches, were so skilled at camouflage that they could sneak up on a man holding his horse's reins and steal the horse, without being seen.
In the Revolutionary War, the American militia used this skill of the Indians, essentially fighting a guerrilla war against the British Army. Not being a professional army, they didn't know that they were doing things wrong; but it worked quite well for them.
What Makes Camouflage Work?
When we talk about camouflage, most people think of the colors, as camouflage uniforms and clothing are usually printed in colors and with patters to match the surrounding country. While color is an important factor, it's not the major factor. Camouflage is more about breaking up the outline of the person and their gear, than it is about blending in to the surrounding colors.
Break up the Shape
The human body is one of the most easily recognizable shapes. That's mostly because it is one of the shapes we are most familiar with. It is easy to spot a person in the woods, simply because of the shape of their body. To make it hard to spot them, it is necessary to break up their outline.
This breaking up of the outline is done by a combination of things. First of all, the pattern of the camouflage provides a lot of irregular shapes, allowing the eye to follow the lines of those shapes out of the perimeter of the body and into the surrounding landscape. When the colors of the camouflage come close to matching the surrounding foliage or terrain, the outline of the body can virtually disappear.
The second thing that helps to break up the outline is to wear baggy clothing. That way, the cloth makes folds and bumps that don't conform to the shape of the body. If you look at the camouflage uniforms that the Army and Marines have used since the Vietnam War, you'll see that the clothing sizes are designed to allow the cloth to hang loosely about the body, unlike the Fatigue uniform, which was supposed to be worn like fitted clothes.
Don't Forget Your Equipment
This idea of breaking up the outline has to go beyond the clothing and into the individual's equipment as well. Nature doesn't have any straight lines in it. About the closest you can get is a tree branch, but that's not really straight. Yet, the things that we humans make almost always have straight lines. That stands out in the wilderness. The solution is to use camouflage netting or sacking around those objects, breaking up their outline as well.
Loosely wrapping a rifle with camouflage cloth in such as way as to not cover the working parts can do wonders to hide that rifle. This is much more effective than having the rifle painted in a camouflage pattern. While the camouflage pattern will help the color to blend in, it really doesn't do much to hide the straight lines. The same camouflage pattern on cloth will break up the straight lines, helping it blend in to the environment.
Camouflaging the Face
The hardest thing to camouflage is the human face. The face is actually the first thing that a baby learns to recognize and we spend our lives looking at the variety of faces around us. This indelibly imprints the basic features of the face into our memory, in such a way that we easily recognize the various different styles of faces, regardless of where they come from or what they look like.
To camouflage the face, it is necessary to play tricks with the eye. We don't readily recognize it, but much of what we recognize as shape and form comes from the shadows that are created by the object we are looking at. That's why artists learn to shade the bottom side of a ball, making it look like it is in shadow. Our minds recognize that shading as the ball having shape.
The face has its own shadows, which help us to identify it for what it is; so, we need to mess with those shadows, in order to break up the shape of the face. This is easy to do with camouflage makeup.
Military camouflage makeup is two-toned, although some civilian versions come three-toned. The idea is to use the darker colored makeup on the
high points of the face and the light colored makeup on the areas that would normally be in shadow. So, the forehead, nose and cheekbones receive the dark makeup and the area under the nose, the eye sockets, the lower parts of the cheeks and under the chin all receive light makeup.When looked at in normal light, this camouflage patter makes the face look flat, without form. The natural shadows are falling in areas where the light makeup is applied, making them appear darker. The natural highlights from the sun are falling on areas that are dark, effectively lightening them. This creates an overall impression that is indistinct, making it hard to recognize the shape of the face.
The Ghillie Suit
Through the years, military researchers have worked to find better and better camouflage patterns to use. This has caused the tiger stripes of the 1960s to be replaced by the BDUs of the 1970s. This, in turn, was replaced by the Army Combat Uniform, which is currently in use. However, this will not last, as in 2014 Scorpion W2 pattern will be replacing the computer-generated square dots of the Universal Camouflage Pattern currently in use.
One of the most ingenious uses of camouflage has been the Ghillie Suit. Ghillie Suits vary considerably, depending upon the terrain they are intended to be used in. Invented for use by snipers, they attach strips of loose cloth to the uniform, created to look like foliage. This breaks up the outline of the individual to the point where when lying prone, they are virtually invisible.
Camouflage for Your Survival
If you are forced to bug out from your home, you should consider having some camouflage clothing to wear. Don't wear it as you are bugging out, as that will give away the fact that you are a prepper heading for the hills. But once you make it out to the wild, wearing camouflage can help you stay hidden from those who would try to take what you have. If they can't find you, they can't kill you.
Don't just stop with camouflaging yourself either; camouflage your camp. Build it somewhere that you can hide it and then cover it up with foliage taken from the area where you are. Be sure to replace that foliage every couple of days, as it will change colors as it dries out.
Dave Steen
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text: A visually dynamic homage to the paperback. In 1968, John Leonard, then editor of The New York Times Book Review, listed the many merits of mass-market paperbacks: "They can be stuffed in purses, left in buses, dropped in toilets, used as coasters, eaten and thrown away. Their covers can be ripped off! Their spines can be broken! To buy a paperback today is to buy the means of revenging oneself on Western culture." Fast-forward forty years. Leonard's affectionately flippant assessment may need to be revised as the explosion of digital media threatens the livelihood of the printed word. More than an act of revenge on Western culture, to buy a paperback may be a means of preserving one of its more charismatic—and socially, politically, and aesthetically influential—species. Breathless Homicidal Slime Mutants celebrates the mass-market paperback and gives it its due. A vibrant tour that starts with books from the late nineteenth century up to today, examining the most popular genres—mystery, romance, Westerns, how-to, cooking, and diet, and highbrow literature packaged for the broader audience—it focuses on the history of the art and design of the format and how it is inseparable from the history of American literacy, tastes, and mores of the twentieth century.$16 at Amazon. Via.


text:
Pregelatinized Food Starch
Acid-treated starch (E1401), usually simply called "modified starch", is prepared by treating starch or starch granules with inorganic acids, breaking down the starch molecule and thus reducing the viscosity. Other treatments may produce modified starch with different E numbers, such as alkaline-modified starch (E1402), bleached starch (E1403), oxidized starch (E1404), enzyme-treated starch (INS: 1405), acetylated starch (E1420), and acetylated oxidized starch (E1451). Pre-gelatinized starch is used to thicken instant desserts, allowing the food to thicken with the addition of cold water or milk. Similarly, cheese sauce granules (such as in Macaroni and Cheese or lasagna) or gravy granules may be thickened with boiling water without the product going lumpy. Commercial pizza toppings containing modified starch will thicken when heated in the oven, keeping them on top of the pizza, and then become runny when cooled. A suitably-modified starch is used, quite successfully (with respect to the taste), as a fat substitute for low-fat versions of traditionally fatty foods, e.g., reduced-fat hard salami having about 1/3rd the usual fat content. For such uses, it is an alternative to the product Olestra. Modified starch is added to frozen products to prevent them from dripping when defrosted. Modified starch, bonded with phosphate, allows the starch to absorb more water and keeps the ingredients together. Modified starch acts as an emulsifier for French dressing by enveloping oil droplets and suspending them in the water. Acid-treated starch forms the shell of jelly beans. Oxidized starch increases the stickiness of batter.


Signal Asset, which it visually represents visually with a marker on the Timeline.
 5. Signal Receiver: A component with a list of reactions linked to a Signal Asset.
 6. Signal Asset: The association between a Signal Emitter and a Signal Receiver.
This puzzle has a lot of pieces, but don't worry, they all fit together quite easily.
Prepping Assets
Create an empty GameObject called Timeline. The Hierarchy should now look like this:
Final Scene Hierarchy
Navigate to Window ▸ Sequencing ▸ Timeline to add an empty Timeline Window to the Editor workspace. Dock this tab to the bottom so you can easily see it and the Game view at the same time. The editor layout should now look like this:
Hierarchy with the Game view in a large panel and the Timeline window below
With the Timeline GameObject selected in the Hierarchy, click the Create button in the Timeline Window. This starts the process of creating and setting up the Timeline Asset.
When prompted, save a new Timeline Asset to the Timeline folder and name it JokeTimeline. This step automatically adds a Playable Director component to the Timeline GameObject and assigns the newly-created JokeTimeline asset as the Playable.
Finally, toggle Play On Awake to True in the Inspector.
Now that all the pieces are in place, it's time to connect them.
Activating GameObjects
Timeline can control many things, but one of its simplest uses is to enable and disable GameObjects.
First, select the Timeline GameObject in the Hierarchy and make sure the Timeline Window is visible. Then, drag the Comedian GameObject to the left panel of the Timeline Window.
At this point, you'll see a prompt for the type of track you want. Choose Add Activation Track. This populates a clip in the Timeline and associates the Comedian GameObject with that clip.
When the Timeline Marker is over the clip, the Comedian is active; when the marker is not over the clip, the Comedian is inactive.
You can change the duration of the clip and move it anywhere you like on the Timeline. You can view the Timeline either in seconds or frames.
Click the Gear icon in the Timeline Window to set your preference to Seconds. For the Comedian clip, start the clip at 0:00 and stretch it to 20:00.
Do this again for the JokeWindow GameObject. Drag it to the Timeline Window to create an Activation Clip. Start the clip at 2:00 and stretch it to 18:00. This makes the JokeWindow appear after the Comedian and disappear before the Comedian.
In the Game View, make sure you haven't selected Maximize On Play so you can see both the Game View and the Timeline Window simultaneously.
Click Play and watch the sequence play both in the Game View and the Timeline Window. In Edit Mode, scroll the mouse wheel while over the Timeline Window to see more or less of the overall Timeline. Then, scrub the Timeline Marker back and forth to watch the clips activate and deactivate their associated GameObjects.
GameObjects appearing and disappearing as you scrub the Timeline
Sending Signals
Timeline tells GameObjects what to do using Signals. Signals consist of three parts: the Signal Emitter, the Signal Receiver, and the Signal Asset. The Signal Emitters are placed on the Timeline and Signal Receivers are placed on GameObjects in the scene that you want to control. During playback, whenever Timeline passes a Signal Emitter, it sends the Signal Asset to the Signal Receiver.
Before writing code to send or receive a signal, it's best to define the elements that should be in the signal. There are many things you can include, but for this app, you'll pass four pieces of data with the signal.
To help manage that data, return to the Typewriter script and, at the very bottom, add a simple class with the following code:
public class Dialog
 public string Quote;
 public float PausePerLetter;
 public bool NewPage;
 public bool NewLine;
With this code, you're declaring four variables:
 1. Quote: The text that you'll send — in this case, the joke itself.
 2. PausePerLetter: Controls the speed of the text reveal.
 3. NewPage: Tells the Typewriter whether or not to start a new page.
 4. NewLine: Instructs the Typewriter whether or not to start a new line.
Now that you've created a form for the signal, create a new script called JokeMarker to send it. Add these declarations to the script, above the class declaration:
using UnityEngine.Playables;
using UnityEngine.Timeline;
These are necessary to access the Timeline API.
Instead of the usual Monobehaviour, this script needs to derive from Marker and implement INotification. So replace the default class definition with:
public class JokeMarker : Marker, INotification
You need to send four pieces of information in the signal, which can be private and visible in the Inspector via the SerializeField attribute:
 private string quote = "";
 private float pausePerLetter = 0.1f;
 private bool startNewPage;
 private bool startNewLine;
Here, you declare:
 1. quote and set it to be empty.
 2. pausePerLetter and set it to 0.1f.
 3. startNewPage, which defaults to false.
 4. startNewLine, which also defaults to false.
Next, add the following code, which uses the variables you just declared:
 public string Quote => quote;
 public float PausePerLetter => pausePerLetter;
 public bool StartNewPage => startNewPage;
 public bool StartNewLine => startNewLine;
This exposes read-only access for your four private variables. Using [SerializeField], private and read-only properties together is a good safety pattern. It ensures that other parts of your code can't randomly change the values you set in the Inspector.
Finally, implement the INotification interface by adding the following line:
 public PropertyName id => new PropertyName();
This is a necessary identifier for notifications. As your use of notifications grows, you can use this id to identify notification channels or even individual notifications.
Save the script and return to the editor.
Now that you've created the JokeMarker, you need to create a script that listens for it. You'll do that next.
Receiving Signals
Create JokeReceiver and add the Playables declaration to the script, above the class declaration:
using UnityEngine.Playables;
In addition to being a MonoBehaviour, this class also needs to implement INotificationReceiver, like so:
public class JokeReceiver : MonoBehaviour, INotificationReceiver
Now, create a reference to the Typewriter in the scene:
private Typewriter dialogAnimator;
Since the JokeReceiver passes the content of the message to the Typewriter, you need to create a stub function in the Typewriter script to process that message. To do this, switch to the Typewriter script and add:
public void AddDialog(Dialog message)
You'll populate this function later in the tutorial, but it's helpful to have the stub in place before finishing the JokeReceiver script.
Return to the JokeReceiver script and implement the INotificationReceiver interface with the following code:
public void OnNotify(Playable origin, INotification notification, object context)
 if (notification is JokeMarker dialog && dialogAnimator!= null)
 var newdialog = new Dialog
 Quote = dialog.Quote,
 PausePerLetter = dialog.PausePerLetter,
 NewPage = dialog.StartNewPage,
 NewLine = dialog.StartNewLine
Here, you:
 1. Implement OnNotify with the necessary parameters.
 2. Check to make sure the notification is the correct type and not null.
 3. Create a temporary variable newdialog to store the content of the notification.
 4. Assign the corresponding elements of the notification to the newdialog.
 5. Forward newdialog to the stub function in the Typewriter.
Save the script and return to the editor. Attach the JokeReceiver script to the JokeText GameObject, then assign the Typewriter component on the same GameObject to the Dialog Animator slot in the Inspector for the Joke Receiver component.
As the message moves from the JokeMarker to the Typewriter, the final step is for the Typewriter to do something with the message.
Reacting to Signals
Return to the Typewriter script and fill out the AddDialog stub function:
public void AddDialog(Dialog message)
 timePerCharacter = message.PausePerLetter;
 //clear and start new
 if (message.NewPage)
 textBox.maxVisibleCharacters = 0;
 textBox.text = message.Quote;
 //append to existing
 int currentLetterIndex = textBox.maxVisibleCharacters;
 if (message.NewLine)
 textBox.text = string.Concat(textBox.text, "\n", message.Quote);
 textBox.text = string.Concat(textBox.text, " ", message.Quote);
With this code, you:
 1. Update timePerCharacter with the value in the message.
 2. Start a new page, if the message requests it.
 3. If not, add the content of the message to the existing page.
 4. Capture the current index of what's already been revealed.
 5. Start a new line, if the message requests it. If not, add the content of the message to the existing line.
 6. Begin revealing letters, starting at the index provided.
Save the script and return to the editor.
With the Timeline infrastructure in place, you no longer need the test OnEnable in the Typewriter script. Delete it or comment it out so JokeReceiver


text:
One must emulate both the fox and the lion, because a lion cannot defy a snare, while a fox cannot defy a pack of wolves. - Niccolò Machiavelli
What does that mean?
This is another Twitter shortened quote, which is stated more completely as: "A Prince must imitate the fox and the lion, for the lion cannot protect himself from traps, and the fox cannot defend himself from wolves. One must therefore be a fox to recognize traps, and a lion to frighten wolves."
This quote is from a section on keeping faith (keeping promises), and details how and when a Prince should keep or break his word. The opponents of the Prince are cast as the wolves, who would either attack him directly (beastly attacks of force) or lay traps for the purpose of entangling him (clever attacks by law or using the word of the Prince against him).
To survive the direct attacks, he argues, the wolves must be met by a lion, a great and fearsome beast, more than able (in theory) to scatter and defeat a group of hungry wolves. In this, he says that aggressive use of force is necessary against those who would use it against you. Against the wolves the fox is no match.
Similarly, the fox must be of sufficient cunning to recognize traps set by the wolves, and (being a fox), outsmart the less clever wolves. In this, he says that when the conditions under which a promise was made no longer exist, or when it has been breached by those of bad faith, a Prince should no longer be bound by these promises. He also urges a Prince to sever any promises made with a wolf, as the wolf has already broken faith with the promise in the attempt to use it against the Prince. Against these wolves, the lion is no match.
Neither the lion alone, nor the fox alone can survive against the wolf. The Prince needs a mix of both, and must know when to break a promise to disarm the wolf when they attempt to out-fox the Prince. It's an interesting chapter, and one worthy of a further reading.
Why is flexibility important?
Here, I don't mean the ability to touch your toes, but the ability to change roles quickly when necessary. A single, monolithic view is probably one of the weaker stances one can take in life. A monolithic view is unable to flex, it is unable to react to changes, and will not survive once a weakness is found.
Instead, the ability to be flexible is the ideal defense in life. Every threat will be a little different. What worked well last time won't necessarily be useful this time. If last time, the wolves laid a trap, and this time attack in force, the fox that won last time will be torn apart this time.
Even for those of us who are not Princes, flexibility is important. Whether it's an argument with a friend, a spouse, a teenage son, or a neighbor, what worked last time probably won't work the next time. Learn from your successes and your failures, and improve yourself every chance you get, starting with your flexibility.
Where can I apply this in my life?
Most of us have a preferred method of dealing with a known situation. If your child starts whining, you have a standard reaction. If a teen asks for the keys to the car, you have a standard reaction. If someone at a bar starts running his mouth, you have a standard reaction.
But that's not always the best reaction. Every situation is different, and eventually, others will learn to anticipate how you will act, and use that knowledge to formulate a better strategy for getting their way. I know I did that to my parents when I figured out their pattern when I asked for the car keys. How about you, did you adjust your strategy when you were younger?
Why should you leave your flexibility behind, in your youth? Flexibility is still useful, even if you are 100 years old! While a centurion's body might not be very flexible, if their minds are, they can be an interesting person to match wits with.
Think through your preferred reactions to the usual situations, and see if there are patterns. Consider if they still work well, or if they need to be modified. Think about how well they worked the last few times you used them. If you didn't get the desired result, you might want to use a little flexibility, right?
You might have to think outside the box (the box of your own creation, I might add) to improve your flexibility. Your own mind is the limiting factor at this point. How you will deal with that aspect is up to you. I would suggest taking some time (now) and do some brainstorming for the more common situations, and the reactions that are no longer effective.
If you have kids in the house, expect to have to adapt your strategies, as they will be constantly learning, and are nearly infinitely flexible. At work or in social situations, you may find yourself dealing with the same situation, but with different people. What worked with one, may not be as effective with another. Again, flexibility is the key.
While the quote dealt with the wolves at the door of a Prince, not all of your situations will involve dealing with wolves. Be flexible enough to have other options available to you besides the lion or the fox. The more tools you have in your tool box, the more flexible (and likely the more effective) you can be.
From: Twitter, _USER_
confirmed at : _URL_
Photo by foxspain


text:
Community stewardship grows from common ground
The SEMIS Coalition facilitates school-community partnerships to develop students as citizen-stewards of healthy ecological-social systems.
One of the core elements of our mission is coalition building—facilitating connections that unite educators, activists, organizations, practitioners, community members and youth who are dedicated to transforming education and protecting the future of our human and natural commons. Our work is empowered when we learn from each other and grow from a place of shared energy and insight.
SEMIS values and guiding principles:
- A strong and viable Great Lakes ecosystem includes human communities nested within and interdependent with other diverse living systems including water, soil, air, plant, and animal species.
- Stewardship of the Great Lakes in Southeast Michigan is defined by the ability to connect with and protect one's "place." This requires collaboration with others, recognizing connections to larger economic and political systems, and understanding the impact of human cultures on the ecosystems in which they are nested.
- Human cultures create beliefs and behaviors that affect social and ecological systems. Thus, social and ecological justice are interrelated and must be addressed together.
- A sustainable Southeast Michigan depends upon diversity—both human and ecological—and is thus best served by strong democratic and collaborative systems.
- A sustainable, productive, and vibrant Coalition is founded on the assets, strengths, and vision of its members.
"SEMIS challenges me to think about ways to anchor my curriculum, meaningfully, to places in students' lives"


The Book of Atrix Wolfe
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The Book of Atrix Wolfe
First edition cover
Author Patricia A. McKillip
Cover artist Kinuko Y. Craft
Country United States
Language English
Genre Fantasy novel
Publisher Ace Books
Publication date
July 1, 1995
Media type Print
Pages 252
ISBN ISBN 0-441-00211-0
OCLC 31045256
813/.54 20
LC Class PS3563.C38 B66 1995
Preceded by Something Rich and Strange
Followed by Winter Rose
The Book of Atrix Wolfe is a 1995 fantasy novel by Patricia A. McKillip. It was a finalist for the 1996 Mythopoeic Fantasy Award for Adult Literature.[1]
For twenty years, Atrix Wolfe has turned his back on his magic to live with the wolves in the mountains. Once a powerful mage, Atrix Wolfe nearly caused the destruction of the kingdom of Pelucir when one of his creations, meant to force an invading army threatening his homeland to retreat, massacred not only the invaders, but the Pelucir forces defending their homeland as well. The daughter of the Queen of the Wood was another victim of Atrix's Hunter; during the creation of the Hunter, Saro disappeared when the fairyworld was torn asunder by Atrix Wolfe's magic.
Talis, the prince of Pelucir, calls Atrix back to the human world to explain a spellbook written by a mysterious mage shortly after the massacre of Hunter's Field that the aspiring mage was studying. In the kitchens of the castle, a mysterious scullery maid named Sorrow works silently, interacting more with the pots and pans than other people. The three characters are connected by the Queen of the Woods's desire to find her daughter, but it is only when they uncover the truth of what happened twenty years earlier that they are able to find her as well as solve the mysteries of the spell book.
Atrix Wolfe eventually discovers that the terrible Hunter was made, in part, from Ilyos, the consort of the Queen of the Wood and Saro's father. (Sorrow, the scullery maid, is actually Saro.) Talis delivers Saro back to her mother, thinking that he will never see her again, as the Wood is a magical realm, which humans cannot reach by normal means. Saro regains the power of speech after being returned to the fairy world. Atrix Wolfe un-makes the Hunter. Ilyos, however, has been through so much that he cannot return to his life as the Queen's consort. In order to protect the Queen's world, he turns himself into one of the trees of the Wood. Talis is surprised when Saro returns to Pelucir, and they begin to become acquainted. She says that he was the only person she knew, for twenty years, who was kind to her.
See also[edit]
 1. ^ Mythopoeic Awards - Fantasy. [1]. Retrieved 2009-05-28.
External links[edit]