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Grant program funds a new kind of welding education
April 15, 2008
A new grant program promotes education for the welding technician. The program focuses more on welding theory behind the various processes--and less on hands-on training.
Students at Lorain County Community College get hands-on training. A new grant program has allowed the school to expand its offerings to include more classroom work covering the science behind welding processes.
Welding's complexity stands out in metal fabricating, and learning it doesn't happen overnight. It takes repetition and concentration. It takes an understanding of metallurgy and chemistry, as well as knowledge of good joint and product design. It takes management and organizational skills that, combined with welding knowledge, can make the best use of welding technology.
But can one person do it all?
Few can, and that fact lies at the heart of the skilled-labor shortage in welding, according to sources. As a trade, welding requires three personalities: the hands-on welder, the manager who knows how to get the most out of a welding operation, and the engineer who develops processes and products that make the best use of welding.
Community colleges train welders on specific processes and procedures as needed by local industry. Institutions such as The Ohio State University, LeTourneau University, and the Colorado School of Mines offer higher education in welding engineering. But what about the middle manager, the welding technician who knows the processes enough to manage a group of hands-on welders, work with automated equipment, and, at the same time, communicate welding knowledge and organizational ideas to engineers and upper management, people who may or may not have a background in welding? According to sources, this kind of welding technician holds qualifications that industry covets, but many have years of experience and stand at retirement's doorstep. Who will fill their ranks?
Some are attempting to answer that question by rethinking traditional welding education, which has focused on one of two areas: the hands-on approach, championed by community colleges and technical schools, and theory taught by undergraduate and graduate programs. Few, however, offer both.
Exceptions do exist. Schools like Ferris State University, Big Rapids, Mich., offer students hands-on training of manual, semiautomatic, and robotic processes along with theory as part of two-year Welding Technology Associate in Applied Science degree and four-year Welding Engineering Technology Bachelor of Science degree programs. The trouble is, there aren't enough Ferris States.
A student performs gas tungsten arc welding at Lorain County Community College. Weld Ed program organizers emphasize that such hands-on training can't be replaced.
"The world needs more Ernie Leverts," said Ken Smith of Lorain County Community College, Elyria, Ohio.
Levert, a Lockheed Martin welding engineer and past president of the American Welding Society, graduated from a vocational high school, spent time in the Navy as a hands-on welder, then went on to Ohio State to earn his welding engineering degree. Levert and others like him represent the exception, Smith said. Typically, hands-on welding attracts those who enjoy hands-on work, while engineering draws those who enjoy theoretical thinking. What the industry needs, Smith said, is someone who can see eye to eye with both.
With this in mind, Smith and representatives from the American Welding Society, Ferris State, Texas State Technical College, the Pennsylvania College of Technology, and elsewhere started the National Center for Welding Education and Training—Weld Ed for short—funded by the National Science Foundation. Lorain CCC has become the program's organizational hub, with Smith as principal investigator and project coordinator, but the program is open to schools across the country. Weld Ed's aim: Make available more courses that include weld theory, metallurgy, and process knowledge and facilitate an idea exchange between participating schools through teacher workshops, conferences, and online Webcasts.
"This four-year project, which started in July 2007, is designed to increase the number of welding technicians in the United States," said Jeff Carney, Weld Ed adviser and welding engineering technology department chair at Ferris State University. "The role of the community college is to provide skilled training for local industry, and they've done that very well. But industry is asking for a little bit more." Industry not only needs that hands-on welder, but also those who can multitask, perform quality assurance, and apply welding theory to an overall operation, he said.
"You have a traditional challenge in getting engineers and hands-on-oriented people to see eye to eye, and you never will," Smith said. "I'm not just talking welding; I'm talking all disciplines. I've got a degree in industrial technology. I see practicality needs to be there, but at the same time I see the need for theory. I'm the proverbial'man in the middle.' I can see both sides, and here we're trying to figure out a practical approach [to meet industry needs]."
The program focuses on educating someone who's not necessarily a hands-on welder, not a welding engineer, but a little of both. Organizers hope that graduates will go on to land jobs as weld technicians who manage welding operations, be it a bank of automated robot cells, a group of hands-on welders, or a mix of the two.
There's a practical side too. Welding labs cost money, and ones with robots cost even more. When school administrators choose between spending money on desktop computers and investing in welding power sources, computers usually win. With Weld Ed focusing on classroom work, instructors can teach more about welding processes, spread awareness, and perhaps spark more curiosity and interest—for less money.
"We wanted a curriculum from which you could teach welding ideas and concepts without the need for an expensive lab," Smith said. "[Weld Ed] courses will teach students about different welding processes, about heat flow and chemistry, and other physical properties [of the process] without ever having to strike an arc."
Smith admitted that "there has been resistance [from some]. We're not saying welders never need to have hands-on experiences. In fact, [this program will not] produce skilled welders. But they will have the practical background, they will understand the metallurgy and scientific side of things. They will be able to troubleshoot robotic welding and enhance welding setups."
He added that while the hands-on welder focuses on what happens between the welding gun and workpiece, the Weld Ed program's technician looks at an entire operation, focuses on work flow and procedures, and finds ways to discover more efficiency.
A welding technician or manager would have enough process knowledge to manage a group of hands-on welders and, at the same time, communicate welding knowledge and ideas to upper management. Source: Hobart Institute of Welding Technology.
Technology has greatly altered the welding profession. While automation is seen as something manufacturing couldn't do without, it has thrown a wrench into the career path of some, Smith explained. Many who got into welding years ago because they enjoy hands-on work have seen such work become automated. Sure, they may adapt, learn robot programming, and continue to draw a paycheck, but their passion still may lie in striking an arc.
"Today's industry is shifting to the automated world," Smith said, "and it is in that automated world where the term technician comes into play."
Weld Ed hopes to find those students who can develop a passion for such hands-off work and learn more theory to get the most out of welding workcells. From the start, these students will want to be that technician who maximizes efficiencies of welding technology.
Sources are quick to point out that the Weld Ed program doesn't diminish the need for hands-on welding. "The world still needs production welders … and we need skilled welders who can meet specific industry codes and requirements," Carney said. The skilled-labor shortage exists at all levels of the welding profession.
What the Weld Ed program does do, Carney explained, is tap into an emerging labor force demographic: "If you asked a welding teacher who's been teaching for 30 years about the level of mechanical aptitude today versus 20 years ago, most would say [that students 20 years ago] had more." This doesn't mean students are less intelligent or motivated; they just grew up in a different environment. A generation ago kids grew up working on cars and learned to enjoy what hands-on work could accomplish. Today cars use a computer for diagnostics—no hands-on problem-solving required. For the hands-on person, where's the fun in that?
But computers can't automate everything, and if anything they have brought demand for critical thinking to the footlights. According to sources, Weld Ed organizers hope to nurture those critical-thinking skills for the next generation's weld shop.
A new class at the Hobart Institute of Welding Technology, Troy, Ohio, may be a harbinger of welding education. The course teaches welders who are moving into supervisory roles, and it culminates with an exam that grants the American Welding Society designation of CWS, or certified welding supervisor.
A Hobart Institute of Welding Technology class prepares for the AWS certified welding supervisor exam.
"It is similar to the certified welding inspector exam," said Hobart Institute President Andre Odermatt, "but with more of an emphasis on productivity and quality improvement."
Unlike courses funded by the Weld Ed program, the Hobart course primarily serves seasoned welders, some of whom already have a CWI designation under their belts. But both Weld Ed and Hobart programs focus on applying more welding science and process knowledge to make operations better and more efficient.
Odermatt explained that many welders advance to the supervisory ranks without any additional training, even though such positions demand starkly different thinking. A welder's work focuses on what happens between the welding gun and workpiece; a supervisor must focus on


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The 2FA process, first we need to pair the app on the device with the User Id. So let's look at the process that does this.
The aim here is to make the mobile device as anonymous as possible and by that I mean there is nothing on it that will expose the first factor credentials.
- When the app installs it is preconfigured with the server's address
- The app requests a new DEVID from the server
- The server creates a Unique ID and stores it in a session variable
- The server then returns the DEVID to the device which stores it in it's own config
- The app on receipt prompts the user to go to a URL on their PC and get a passcode
- The user goes to the URL on a separate device usually a PC and Logs on using their UserID and Password.
- The server generates a 9 digit pass code saves it in the User Record table
- The User enters the 9 digit passcode in the prompt on the phone
- The app sends the 9 digit code to the server
- The server looks for the 9 digit code in the User table
- The server then sends a request for more information from the device.
- The device responds with DEVID, phone number and IMEI number
- The server then stores this information against the user in the back end DB
- All that is on the app is the DEVID
When the user's phone is online the app will register it's presence by sending a request to the server saying "I am here and I am online".
So when a user Signs-In and the server decides that 2FA is required (See last post for the logic used to decided this) the following happens:
- The server looks up the DEVID associated with the user (who has passed the first factor validation) If there is no DEVID the Sign-In Attempt fails
- The server creates a Transaction ID and stores this with the DEVID in a DB table with a status of WAITING
- The server sends the Transaction ID back to the browser and the browser starts a timer bases AJAX call to poll the server using the Transaction ID to see if the status changes
- Lastly the server pushes an message to the DEVID and the app generates a prompt for the user where they must click OK or CANCEL to continue.
- If the app returns the user's response to the server and the response is stored in the Transaction DB as OK or CANCEL. If the request times out with not response then the status on the DB is set to FAILED.
- The user's browser has been polling the server looking at the Transaction Table and notes the transaction change. If it changes to OK then the SAML token is constructed and is sent to the Smartcloud server. Any other change results in an error being displayed on the users browser.
You will note that no information about the phone is sent or stored in the browser and no information about the browser or user is sent to the phone. The connection is conducted through the server.
YIPPEEEEE! I hear you say you have 2FA up and running.
I know for most of us Geeks we are never far from our mobile devices, we keep them close and do the "WKP" check at least every 5 minutes (WPK== Wallet,Keys,Phone). Users don't they forget their phones, they drop them into toilets, sinks, swimming pools, jacuzzi (with or without buxom ladies),bend them, break them, put them in the mircowave (Honestly this happened, to and i quote "Dry it out after I dropped it in a pint of beer" ), get them stolen ("She seemed like such a nice lady in the bar")... and you can be rest assured that this calamity will occur just when they are expecting an email that they really really really need to read and reply to or "ALL HELL WILL BREAK LOOSE!". I am sure you know what I mean.
Given that we all know what eejits users are we need to give them an alternate method of achieving Sign-In on those occasions when they for whatever reason find themselves without their paired devices and these alternatives I will expand on in the next post.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text: Both modern mathematical music theory and computer science are strongly influenced by the theory of categories and functors. One outcome of this research is the data format of denotators, which is based on set-valued presheaves over the category of modules and diaffine homomorphisms. The functorial approach of denotators deals with generalized points in the form of arrows and allows the construction of a universal concept architecture. This architecture is ideal for handling all aspects of music, especially for the analysis and composition of highly abstract musical works. This book presents an introduction to the theory of module categories and the theory of denotators, as well as the design of a software system, called Rubato Composer, which is an implementation of the category-theoretic concept framework. The application is written in portable Java and relies on plug-in components, so-called rubettes, which may be combined in data flow networks for the generation and manipulation of denotators. The Rubato Composer system is open to arbitrary extension and is freely available under the GPL license. It allows the developer to build specialized rubettes for tasks that are of interest to composers, who in turn combine them to create music. It equally serves music theorists, who use them to extract information from and manipulate musical structures. They may even develop new theories by experimenting with the many parameters that are at their disposal thanks to the increased flexibility of the functorial concept architecture. Two contributed chapters by Guerino Mazzola and Florian Thalmann illustrate the application of the theory as well as the software in the development of compositional tools and the creation of a musical work with the help of the Rubato framework.


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Report to Congress
This Report to Congress on Pedestrian Safety was developed in accordance with requirements of the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users. Section 2003(e) requires the Secretary of Transportation to submit to Congress a comprehensive report on pedestrian safety that builds on the current level of knowledge of pedestrian safety countermeasures by identifying the most effective advanced technology and intelligent transportation systems. Section 2003(e) also requires that the report include recommendations on how new technological developments could be incorporated into educational and enforcement efforts and how they could be integrated into national design guidelines.
The FHWA Safety Office is continually developing new materials to assist states, localities and citizens in improving pedestrian and bicycle safety. The materials listed on this page were completed recently.
The State of Florida is developing a statewide Pedestrian Safety Action Plan. They have set up a project website that includes information about the project, workshop presentations and resources relating to pedestrian safety.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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What to Look For
Even for conscientious consumers, getting an eco-friendly oven likely isn't at the top of your priority list. An oven is only used intermittently, and seldom are all of its functions employed simultaneously. Compare that to say, your fridge, which is always on, all the time—cooling the entirety of its interior. That said, there are some things you can do to make sure your oven is as environmentally sound as possible.
For starters, if you're just looking at gas or conventional electric models, it's somewhat hazy territory. Gas isn't a terribly efficient energy source, both in terms of converting the gas to energy and transferring heat to your cookware. While electric models can transfer heat more efficiently, the heating elements take more time and energy to reach their maximum temperatures, compared to gas.
By far, the most eco-friendly type of range is induction. This technology uses magnetism to directly heat your cookware, which is not only quick, but also cheaper in its energy consumption. The downside, however, is it will only work with steel, some stainless steels, and cast-iron cookware.


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Catching fish or going fishing to your favorite spot is like, well, turning on a light switch; up it is on, down it is off. Fishing pressure, traffic, weather and water conditions can all cause bite-on to bite-off behavior, causing a previous productive fishing pattern to fall apart. Change is not a bad thing if you can read the pattern and understand just what is going on with that area of concern under the surface in that mysterious realm beneath the waves. Like that of a light switch, your hotly tot hole may be a turn on today but tomorrow in is a true turn off dead spot; in a word of why, pressure. Understanding the fish behavior puzzle is to understand the links to fish and the barometer or pressure reader. When in the water any object, including the fish, either sinks, floats to the surface or suspends and even the smallest of change in barometric pressure is to a degree like a change in gravity; because objects weigh less in the water, the affect of a pressure change is far more pronounced beneath the surface than above.
Fish are more in tune to the environment more than we humans are. Fish have an incredible array of pressure-sensing systems; such as the lateral line, which keys them in to changes in barometric pressure and, in turn, signals feeding opportunities or foretells the arrival of major weather changes, in the form of pressure gradients, which then determine on when the "Bite" is either on or off. A drop in pressure, a cold front, can cause tiny particles of sediment as well as zooplankton and phytoplankton's to float off bottom, rising higher in the water column than they normally suspend which, in turn again creates a reduction in water clarity and usually a bite happens as Glass minnows to Mullet frenzy into a feed. As these species, show movement into that of a theatrical moment so does the feed habits of the predators around them causing all to "Bite On!"
Pressure changes occur on the passage of any front or pressure gradient. It does not have to be a cold front to trigger a bite before; many a time on the water, I have used the forming of a cloud moving towards the boat to switch up to an aggressive angling pattern. As this cloud grows darker and spitting drops from aloft fall, so too does the surrounding pressure under the cloud. Usually the fish will "turn on" but for a moment as it passes by. Be alert to the lightning to move towards safety but work the clouds in the summer much as you would a pattern of diving birds. The key to great fishing is coming up with a good game plan based on forage, structure, seasonal patterns and working on your logistics in fishing weather patterns.


Fungus makes violins sound 'like Stradivarius'
10 September 2012, 10:42 | Updated: 30 September 2014, 14:20
Fungi can make a new violin sound like a Stradivarius, a Swiss wood researcher has discovered. His research has shown that treating the wood of a new violin with a specific fungus (Physisporinus vitreus and Xylaria longipes) can increase the elasticity and change acoustics of the instrument's body.
Stradivarius violins were made from a kind of wood particular to the late 17th century violin-maker's environment. The wood was said to have lower density and higher elasticity, exactly the same qualities that the fungus-treated wood aims to recreate.
Professor Schwarze of the Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology made the discovery, commenting: "The unique feature of these fungi is that they gradually degrade the cell walls, thus inducing a thinning of the walls. But even in the late stages of the wood decomposition, a stiff scaffold structure remains via which the sound waves can still travel directly."
It is hoped that the discovery will mean student players will in the future be able to learn on instruments with a higher-quality sound than standard beginner models.
Professor Schwarze also said it would "give young musicians the opportunity to play on a violin with the sound quality of an expensive - and for most musicians unaffordable - Stradivarius."


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Here are the copy-pasted instructions you get when you access your domain manager:
Learn how to manage your name.
1. Set Resolver
The Resolver is a Smart Contract responsible for the process of translating names into addresses. In the Resolver area click 'Set'. Then click the 'use public resolver' link, and 'save' to launch the transaction.
2. Set Address
Once you have set the Resolver, you can then add records by clicking the '+' in the 'records' field. Adding your ethereum address will allow you to point your wallet to your name in the next step.
I've made a subdomain. I've set the public resolver for both the domain and subdomain. I cannot set address. There's no place to add records. There is no 'records' field. There is no '+' anywhere. My wallet address appears defaulted in the Controller field. But the domain still doesn't point to my wallet.
Does it take 24 hours, or something? What am I missing?
Then, there's step 3. I haven't gotten to this step. Can I ignore it if I don't want or need a reverse pointer?
3. Set Reverse Record
Once you set your address, you will see a message saying the reverse pointer is not set. Click the arrow in the field to expand, then click the button 'save'. This will translate your address into your new name.


Historic Boston Church Considers Sale of Hymnal
The first book printed in what would become the United States was a Puritan hymnal of psalms, sturdy enough that 11 copies that came off a wooden Cambridge press in 1640 still exist. Now, a copy of the "Bay Psalm Book" may bring millions of dollars to the Boston church that owns it.
Books and printing are marks of civilization, "so the ability to create a book in the New World was,


A. what is the elevation of point x?
b. what is the elevation of point y?
c. what is the difference in elevation in meters between point x and point y?
you must have three parts to your answer for this question.
A is on the 1600 contour line so it's 1600.
B. Y is on 1240
C. 360
A. 1600 m
B. 1240 m
C. 360 m
In a topographic map, the contour lines are used to determine elevations, and are made by connecting points of equal elevations. Index contour lines are generally darker and are marked with their elevations. Lighter contour lines don't have elevations, but can be determined counting up or down the nearest index contour line and multiplying by the contour interval, which tells the difference in altitude between contour lines. The contour interval is stated on every topographic map. In this case, the contour interval is 20m. So, to determine the altitude of point Y, we have to count 2 contour intervals from the Index contour line that shows altitude 1200, and multiply it by the contour interval:
2 * 20m = 40m
So, the difference in altitude from the Index contour line 1200 to Y is 40m. We can conclude that we have to add this elevation, because the next Index contour line is 1300, so the elevation at point Y is 1240m.
Point X is part of the Index contour line 1600, so its elevation is 1600m.
To get the difference between the 2 points, we simply subtract X - Y
So, 1600m - 1240m = 360m
Do you know the answer?
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Note: if you cannot remember the formulas for the surface area and volume of common shapes, revise notes for 1.1 Surface Area of Common Shapes and 1.2 Volume of Common Shapes.
Guide to Finding the Surface Area of a Composite Shape
Read More »1.3 Surface Area and Volume of Composite Shapes
- Composite shapes are shapes that are created by merging multiple simple shapes.
- Due to the large amount of combinations possible, it is not possible to derive formulas for each.
- To find the surface area of a composite shape, you need to first identify the simple shapes it is made up of. The surface area of the composite shape is equal to the sum of each shape, minus the surface area which has been removed to merge it into the shape:


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Changing the Minimum quantity message
Putting short notes or messages on the check out that will serve as a reminder or a heads up to the customer is a smart move. This short note is called in-cart message. This will be helpful to the customers since they will be aware of other good offers they are qualified to avail.
The Wholesale Hero app allows you to edit the in-cart messaging to encourage customers to add more products or to display required minimum values for wholesale discounts to be applied.
In this article, we are going to modify the texts on the Minimum quantity message, one of the in-cart messages. This message appears on the cart page when the quantity of the items inside the cart does not meet the minimum requirement as shown below:
To change this message, follow the steps below:
Step1. Launch the app and click Settings from the navigation panel.
Step2. Scroll down to the Language Settings section.
Step3. Edit the Minimum quantity message by entering the texts in the given field.
Step4. Click Save.
The Minimum quantity message texts are now modified.
Here's a quick demo:
Changing the style of the messaging
If you would like to change the style of the messaging, the CSS for this is located in your theme.liquid file. Please note that basic CSS and HTML is required for this step.


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The concept of a numbering machine is quite simple. It consists of various wheels inside and all wheels are stamped with numbers. But, what could be done with this? Well, the wheels of a numbering machine can be set and arranged to form a date or various other numbers. Basically numbers machines are used to imprint items with sequential numbers. Over the time, people have been using this type of machine to stamp many different kinds of paperwork. By adjusting the numbers stamped on wheels, you can keep an organized record of your date paperwork and label contracts.
Numbering machines are considered as an inevitable stationery in offices or corporations, especially small businesses. They are used for any paperwork that requires to be printed with unique and trackable numbers. It is a way to keep an organized record of whatever you do. There are many applications in an office set up that require sequential numbering, such as purchase orders, invoices, production orders, inventory paperwork, insurance claims, property documents, serial number tags and much more. (more…)


The Home Category The Home: family money matters
How to Transfer Static Caravan Ownership
Many people have static caravans, also known as mobile homes or trailers, in the countryside or by the beach to use for a vacation. If you no longer use the caravan, it may make sense to transfer ownership to someone in your family who is interested in utilising it. Such transfers necessitate the use of a quitclaim deed. This legal document is generally used when real estate property is to be transferred between close family members.
Decide who the Grantee will be. Ask people in your family if they are interested in getting ownership of your static caravan. Give complete information about the property and explain your reasons for deciding to transfer ownership.
Research legal requirements. There is some compensation that a grantee can provide to the person granting the ownership. This is called 'consideration'. Although it is possible to achieve a transfer without consideration, it may have tax implications. Check with a taxation expert to help you decide about this aspect.
Prepare a quitclaim deed. Consult a lawyer to formulate the deed. Provide property details of the static caravan you wish to transfer. Give the complete and correct name of the person you're going to grant it to. Furnish details of the consideration fixed.
Sign the deed. Affix your signature to the quitclaim deed and have it notarised. If your lawyer specifies a need for witnesses to be present during your signing, make arrangements accordingly. Hand over the deed to the Grantee and collect the consideration.
Record the deed. Although it is not mandatory, it is advisable to record the quitclaim deed. Do this immediately after the Grantee accepts the deed. This will help to prevent anyone else from claiming title to the static caravan in the future.
The Grantor who is transferring ownership can be a person or any entity that has a legal right to own real estate -- a partnership, trust, corporation or an LLC. The same applies to the Grantee, too. Receiving ownership through a quitclaim deed does not directly make the static caravan the Grantee's property unless all parties who have an interest in it also sign the deed. In most states, acceptance of the quitclaim deed is the end of the process of transferring ownership. Find out if there are any other specific requirements where you live by contacting your state's Department of Housing and Community Development.


kids encyclopedia robot
Eucalyptus creta facts for kids
Kids Encyclopedia Facts
Quick facts for kids
Large-fruited gimlet
Conservation status
Priority Three — Poorly Known Taxa (DEC)
Scientific classification
Eucalyptus creta, commonly known as the large-fruited gimlet, is a species of mallet or tree that is endemic to Western Australia. It has smooth, shiny bark, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of three in leaf axils, relatively large white to creamy yellow flowers, and broadly hemispherical to bell-shaped fruit.
Eucalyptus creta is a mallet or tree that typically grows to a height of 3–15 m (9.8–49.2 ft) but does not form a lignotuber. It has smooth, shiny, yellowish, greenish or brownish to copper-coloured bark. Adult leaves are narrow lance-shaped, the same glossy green on both sides, 55–132 mm (2.2–5.2 in) long and 12–35 mm (0.47–1.38 in) wide on a petiole 8–18 mm (0.31–0.71 in) long. The flower buds are arranged in groups of three in leaf axils on a peduncle 1–3 mm (0.039–0.118 in) long, the individual buds sessile. Mature buds are oval, 15–22 mm (0.59–0.87 in) long and 14–20 mm (0.55–0.79 in) wide with a wing on two sides of the floral cup and a beaked operculum. Flowering occurs in May and the flowers are white to creamy yellow. The fruit is a woody, hemispherical to shallow cup-shaped capsule with two wings along the sides and the valves at the same level as the rim or extended beyond it.
Taxonomy and naming
Eucalyptus creta was first formally described in 1991 by Lawrie Johnson and Ken Hill from a specimen collected north of Mount Ney, north-east of Esperance. The specific epithet (creta) is a Latin word meaning "grow" or "increase", "referring to the buds, flowers and fruit".
Distribution and habitat
Large-fruited gimlet is locally common in a restricted area north-east of Esperance in the Esperance Plains and Mallee biogeographic regions, where it grows on calcareous plains in sandy loam or clay with little understorey vegetation.
Conservation status
This eucalypt is classified as "Priority Three" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife meaning that it is poorly known and known from only a few locations but is not under imminent threat.
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Eucalyptus creta Facts for Kids. Kiddle Encyclopedia.


Best Water Activities For Couples
best water activities for couples
Are you looking for a way to spice up your honeymoon or anniversary vacation? Have you thought about trying healthy water activities? There are many types of watersports; some get your adrenaline pumping, while others are suitable for calm sunsets. Here is a sneak peek into top-water sports that you can try with your partner this summer.
1. Wakeboarding
If you are up for some adrenaline-jolting water experiences, then you should give wakeboarding a try. Remember, wakeboarding boats and accessories are specifically designed for such extreme sports, and sourcing your wakeboarding equipment from a trusted dealer guarantees maximum safety. Additionally, you may need slight training before getting the hang of balancing on a fast-moving wakeboard.
2. Fishing
If intensive daily activities make you feel drained, fishing can be a relaxing evening escapade. You don't have to book a flight to get your ultimate fishing experience, as even your neighborhood creek can do the trick. Fishing is a family-friendly and cost-effective activity.
3. Kayaking
best water activities for couples kayaking
Kayaking is a sport for calm and slow days. Each of you can take a kayak, or you can pair up and row into the horizon. Kayaks require expansive water bodies, and you can organize joint kayaking activities with other couples to make the experience more engaging or competitive.
4. Kite Surfing
Kite surfing should be on your to-do list if you are surfing enthusiasts. Unlike normal surfing, where you rely on the water waves, surfers get dragged over the water surface by a kite in this case. Like wakeboarding, kite surfing might require a little training.
5. Sailing
If you can access a sailor's boat, what's to stop you from wandering beyond the blue horizon with your partner? Sailing gives you a chance to spend some time alone, away from chaos of the world. Alternatively, you can participate in popular sailing competitions in the summer in most coastal regions of Australia and the U.S.
6. Stand-up Paddling (SUP)
Stand-up paddleboarding is a laid-back alternative to surfing. It is easy to balance on the large paddle boards, and the game requires no training. For this reason, it accommodates couples of all fitness levels and age brackets.
7. Scuba Diving
Your vacation to the Gold Coast shore, Florida's shoreline, or the Indonesian islands isn't complete without diving into the rich coral reefs. Scuba diving requires professional certifications in most regions, and short courses are often offered at the diving sites.
8. Snorkeling
best water activities for couples snorkeling
Unlike scuba diving, snorkeling is an easy and less intensive diving activity suitable for all age levels. You can easily access shallow reefs with your snorkels as long as you can swim and have mastered snorkel breathing techniques. To do this, you need swimming fins, a mask, and a snorkel. The mask features a breathing tube that allows you to breathe whilst looking down in the water. Snorkeling is relatively low risk, but you need a basic understanding of it in order to stay safe.
9. Jet Skiing
If you are looking for something fun to do on the water, you should try riding a jet ski as a cheap and fun way to enjoy the water with your partner. Most waterfronts offer jet skis for hire, and the amount of money that you pay depends on the type of jet ski that you rent. Additionally, you can get guided jet-skiing safaris around the coastal areas. You may join these entourages and explore different marine ecosystems.
10. Parasailing
This activity isn't for the faint of heart. Parasailing involves parachuting on a kite tied onto a motor where you can harness the winds to remain adrift on air. Most companies accept individuals who weigh 100 pounds and above, but as a couple, that shouldn't be an issue.
11. Underwater Scooting
Underwater scooting is a perfect addition to the list of water adventures you can engage in as a couple, especially if you don't like to stay in the water for too long. It's perfect for older couples who need to reserve some energy. This type of scooter will propel you underwater and allow you to marvel at all of the oceanic features you want to explore.
12. Undersea Walking
Undersea walking not only helps with cardiovascular exercise, but it's also a unique attraction activity that will allow you to explore. Whether you're looking to beat the sweltering summer temperatures or minimize pain in the body, undersea walking is an exciting activity. To maintain your safety, join other sea walking groups. You may also need a tour guide for certain terrain. For this activity, you need to be comfortable enough to stay in the water for more than one hour. If any of you have an underlying health problem, it's best to discuss with a physician before booking this excursion.
13. Freediving
best water activities for couples freediving
Freediving is an exhilarating activity, especially when you jump off a cliff. If you can hold your breath well enough, freediving offers a perfect chance for an unrelenting underwater quest.
14. Ice Diving
While it may not be as appealing as the summer, winter comes with many sports that you can take part in, and ice diving is one of them. The dive takes place under a sheet of ice, making it ideal if you intend to try out something completely different. Unlike scuba diving, you've got limited entry and exit points when ice diving, so you should check that your partner can stay down long enough. Otherwise, the presence of a trained guide is essential when exploring vast water bodies.
15. Wake-Skating
If you love ice skating, roller skating, or skateboarding, wakeskating is a perfect opportunity for a new activity. In this adventure, your wakeskate is tied to a speedboat or jet ski, which then drags you along from one end to the other, and since you rest the feet on a grippy foam top, you can comfortably move your feet while holding onto a rope tied to the same boat.
Water activities provide an excellent adventure for couples. There are dozens of these activities, including wakeboarding, jet skiing, fishing, kayaking, ice diving, scuba diving and kite surfing, just to name a few that you can try. Nonetheless, you should always be cautious when taking part in water activities, as they can be dangerous.
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Tag Archives: Nanny Town
The Maroon War settlement of 1739
Cudjoe and Colonel Guthrie under Cudjoe's cotton tree
The escaped slaves of Jamaica had one big advantage over slaves in many other places, that the geography of the island provided them with areas where they could hide and live with much less fear of discovery. The original Maroons were freed or runaway Spanish slaves, whose name is thought to come from the Spanish word cimarrón, meaning wild or untamed. Over time two main areas of Maroon settlement developed, the Trelawney Maroons lived in an area around Maroon Town and Accompong in the Cockpit country, and the Windward Maroons lived on the northern slopes of the Blue Mountains.
The territory occupied by the Maroons was ideally suited to guerrilla warfare, although that name for the technique would not be used until the time of the Peninsular War at the end of the 18th century. Led by an extremely able commander called Cudjoe, with his brothers Accompong and Johnny in the West, and sub-chiefs Quao and Cuffee in the East, the Maroons avoided open fights preferring ambush. Camouflaged from head to foot in leaves, surprise and their accurate shooting often brought them quick victory after which they would melt back into the woods to prepare another attack.
Various armed attempts to subdue them were made by British troops and in 1734 a Captain Stoddart led a party that attacked and destroyed Nanny Town in the Blue Mountains. The town was never resettled and even now is believed to be haunted by the ghosts of those who died. Nanny the Maroon chieftainess after whom the place was named is now a National Hero of Jamaica. Although the Maroons had suffered severely under this attack many escaped, some to build a new village further inland and others removed to the Cockpit area of Trelawney.
Maroon raids increased and so did the fear of the colonists that they would encourage a mass uprising of slaves on the plantations, where they now outnumbered white settlers by about 14 to 1. The Jamaican Assembly voted money for a large-scale campaign and the Maroons found themselves in a desperate situation, however the government did not realise this and, eager to end the fighting, they sent Colonel James Guthrie with a detachment of militia, and Lieutenant Francis Sadler with a party of soldiers, to seek out Cudjoe and offer him favourable terms for a peace.'
The negotiators exchanged hats as a sign of friendship, as depicted above, and the treaty was agreed on 1 March 1739 beneath a large cotton tree, afterwards known as Cudjoe's Tree. Under the settlement Cudjoe and his followers were all to be free, and any slaves who had joined them were given the choice of remaining with the Maroons or returning to their masters. It would be interesting to know if any did, somehow I doubt it! A land grant was made to the Maroons of 1500 acres in Trelawney, where they would have hunting rights and it was agreed "That they shall have liberty to plant the said lands with coffee, cocoa, ginger, tobacco, and cotton, and to breed cattle, hogs, goats, or any other flock, and dispose of the produce or increase of the said commodities to the inhabitants of this island".
In addition Cudjoe and his followers were to assist the British in pursuing any remaining rebels and in the case of foreign invasion they would assist the British against the invader and in return would receive their protection. The Maroons agreed not to harbour runaway slaves but to return them for a reward of ten shillings per slave. Cudjoe himself was given the right to dispense justice within his community and the succession was assured, naming Accompong, Johnny, Quao and Cuffee, and after their deaths such leaders as might be appointed by the Governor. The Maroons were required to build and maintain a road to Trelawney Town, and four white persons were to be nominated to live with the Maroons in order to facilitate communication with the government.
Following the agreement with the Maroons the Jamaican assembly rewarded several negroes who had assisted the authorities to bring about the peace. Three men named Cuffee, Sambo, and Quashey were manumised and their owners were compensated to the value of £40 per man; and two women called Venus and Affiba were also freed with their owners being paid £30 for each.
One further consequence of the events leading to the peace was the award of £1500 to Guthrie (who however died in June 1739) and £600 to Francis Sadler who subsequently received land grants totalling 1200 acres which formed the basis of the Montpelier estate. When Francis Sadler married Colonel Guthrie's widowed daughter Janet Hynes in 1742 he extended the Montpelier estate still further. This Francis Sadler, who took the name Francis Sadler Hals when he inherited Halse Hall from his half brother, was the son of Mary Rose whose life in Jamaica has already been described on this website.
So successful was the peace agreement of 1739 that it lasted for more than fifty years.
The full text of the agreement and the subsequent Act of the Jamaican Assembly can be found here.
A note about the picture: When I first saw the picture of Colonel Guthrie and Cudjoe I thought it an attempt to belittle the latter with a caricature. However he was described at the time as being very short and squat with a large lump of flesh on his back, and a strange wild manner. He dressed in a tattered old blue coat, white knee breeches, a head tie and a small round hat. His gun was an old Spanish musket with powder and shot, and he carried a machete worn in a leather holster.


What is Squonking?
Squonking is a term used to describe a bottom fed atomiser. The term comes from the noise a bottle makes when you squeeze it (squonk). The squonker was made as vapers got tired of re dripping into an RDA. Mods were designed with a bottle inside that you can fill with e-liquid. A "squonk" pin with a whole through the middle is then installed into the atomiser to allow liquid to rise from below when you squeeze the bottle This fills the chamber with eliquid and wets the wicks. The act of letting go of the bottle draws the excess from the chamber.


text: Travel around the world without leaving your home with 'Flags Around the World,' a vibrant and informative book that explores the flags of every country in the world. With detailed illustrations and fascinating information about the history and symbolism behind each flag, this book is perfect for anyone interested in flags, geography, or world cultures. From the stars and stripes of the United States to the crescent and star of Turkey, each flag is brought to life through beautiful artwork and clear explanations. The book also includes a map of the world, making it easy to locate each country and its flag. Written by expert author, Tim Webb, 'Flags Around the World' is an essential resource for anyone curious about the colorful and diverse flags of our world.


text:
AMSI Schools is currently partnered with the following organisations:
- BHP Billiton Foundation
- The William Buckland Foundation
With the assistance of these funding partners AMSI Schools delivers programs which focus on increasing the mathematical content knowledge of primary and secondary school teachers across the country, particularly in lower socio-economic and hard-to-staff regions.
- The Department of Education and Early Childhood Development (DEECD), and
- Regional Universities Network (RUN) with AMSPP support


text:
Difference Between Two Timestamps
Easy, right? Perhaps not as straightforward as you'd think.
Method #1: use EXTRACT
extract(day from (x-y))*24*60*60 + extract(hour from (x-y))*60*60 + extract(minute from (x-y))*60 + extract(second from (x-y))
Method #2: use CAST
( CAST( x AS DATE ) - CAST( y AS DATE ) ) * 86400
The difference? Method #2 is faster (my tests indicate faster by a factor of 3), but does not include fractional seconds. Method #1 is a bit slower, but includes fractions of a second. See the SO link for details.


text:
The Timucua were the Native American tribe living in northeast Florida and southeast Georgia at the time of first contact with Europeans. A few books written in the Timucuan language were created for the Spanish religious authorities as a way to convert the natives to Catholicism in their native language. Now a Florida professor has discovered one such book that had been unknown to researchers until now. Read the story below:
Timothy J. Johnson, Craig and Audrey Thorn Distinguished Professor of Religion at Flagler College, recently discovered a Spanish-Timucua book by the Franciscan Friar Francisco Pareja. The book, previously unknown to scholars, was published in Mexico in 1628.
Pareja and his anonymous Timucua co-editors, authored 130 folios with various woodcut images. The book is permanently housed in the Codrington Library of All Souls College in Oxford, England. The title of the work is, "IIII. parte de catechismo en lengua Timuquana y castellana: En que se trata el modo de oyr Missa, y sus ceremonias," which translates in English to "Part Four of the Catechism in the Timucua and Castilian Languages, which treats the manner of listening to the Mass and its ceremonies."
The rare find came when Johnson, on sabbatical for the Fall 2019 semester, had been researching Spanish-Timucua sermon stories from seventeenth century Florida and came across a reference to the book in the Codrington Library. In disbelief of what he was reading, he quickly notified the staff and requested images to verify his hunch. Once the existence of the book was verified, the library offered to make the entirety of the book available online, found here.
Says Johnson of the initial findings: "This discovery is what dreams are made of for people who work with historical documents. This book allows scholars to further explore a pivotal historical period in American history that has been neglected for far too long."
The native language of most of Northern Florida in the Spanish colonial period was Timucua, and Franciscans began to study this language and teach native people reading and writing at the end of the sixteenth century. Two books published in Timucua in 1612 are the oldest written materials in an indigenous language of the present-day U.S.
The Timucua people were devastated by disease, war, and slavery, and though there are probably descendants, there is no modern Timucua tribe. Because the language is no longer spoken, linguists and historians have been eager to learn as much as possible about the language and its speakers through a small number of published religious materials in Timucua, including catechisms, a confessional, and a doctrina – an explanation of Christian doctrine.
According to Professor George Aaron Broadwell of the University of Florida, who is an expert in Timucua literature and language, "The discovery of this previously unknown book in Timucua is a very rare occurrence. The last discovery of a new item in this language happened in the nineteenth century."
You can read the full story here: _URL_


Abdullah Atfeh
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Abdullah Atfeh
عبدالله عطفة
Minister of Defense
In office
June 1949 – December 1949
Prime Minister Muhsin al-Barazi
Hashim al-Atassi
Succeeded by Faidi al-Atassi
Chief of Staff of the Syrian Army
In office
Preceded by office established
Succeeded by Husni al-Zaim
Personal details
Born 1897
Khirbet Ghazaleh, Syria
Died 1976
Damascus, Syria
Nationality Syrian
Religion Sunni Islam
Military service
Rank Major General
Abdullah Atfeh (Arabic: عبدالله عطفة) (1897–1976) is a former Syrian career military officer who served as the first chief of staff of the Syrian Army after the country's independence.[1]
Early career[edit]
Abdullah Atfeh began his military career at the Ottoman Military Academy in Istanbul. After his graduation in 1915, he served as an officer in the Ottoman Army. He defected in 1916 to join the Arab Revolt led by Sharif Hussein against the Ottomans.[1]
After the end of World War I and the defeat of the Ottoman Empire, Atfeh joined the newly created Syrian Army under King Faisal I. Following the defeat at Maysalun and the French occupation of Syria in 1920, the Syrian Army was dissolved and Atfeh fled to Jordan to avoid arrest. He returned in 1921 following a general amnesty.[1]
Atfeh joined the Army of the Levant, which was created by France, and received advanced military training at the École Supérieure de Guerre in 1938. Atfeh rose in the ranks and by World War II he became commander of Syria's coastal region. During the 1945 uprising in Damascus, Atfeh led his troops to mutiny against the French.[1]
Syrian Army[edit]
The last French troops left Syria in 1946 and the country regained its independence. Syrian president Shukri al-Quwatli appointed Atfeh as chief of staff of the newly formed Syrian Army. The army was formed around the nucleus of the French-led Army of the Levant, and Atfeh was tasked with ensuring the allegiance of the army to the Syrian Republic.[1]
Atfeh continued his role as chief of staff when the 1948 Arab–Israeli War broke out. Syrian troops suffered heavy losses during the first days of the war. Atfeh, along with Minister of Defense Ahmad al-Sharabati, were considered the principal parties responsible for the poor preparation and management of the war. Consequently, Atfeh was relieved from his duties soon after and replaced with then-Director of Public Security, Husni al-Za'im.[1] In 1949, al-Za'im led a military coup that overthrew the al-Quwatli's government, and appointed Atfeh as his defense minister.[2] Al-Za'im's rule lasted around five months, and in August 1949 Atfeh switched his allegiances again and supported the politicians that replaced him. After the 1949 elections Atfeh was appointed minister of defense by Syria's new president, Hashim al-Atassi. However, his term did not last long and he was relieved from his post after three months, after which he retired from public life.[1]
 1. ^ a b c d e f g Moubayed, Sami M. (2006). Steel & Silk: Men & Women Who Shaped Syria _PHONE_. Cune Press. pp. 41–42. ISBN 1-885942-41-9.
 2. ^ Moubayed, Sami M. (2000). Damascus Between Democracy and Dictatorship. University Press of America. p. 41. ISBN 978-0-7618-1744-4.


text:
Member # 1
posted 12. July 2003 08:56
PNAS June 19, 2003
High-frequency gene transfer from the chloroplast genome to the nucleus
Sandra Stegemann, Stefanie Hartmann, Stephanie Ruf, and Ralph Bock
Eukaryotic cells arose through endosymbiotic uptake of free-living bacteria followed by massive gene transfer from the genome of the endosymbiont to the host nuclear genome. Because this gene transfer took place over a time scale of hundreds of millions of years, direct observation and analysis of primary transfer events has remained difficult. Hence, very little is known about the evolutionary frequency of gene transfer events, the size of transferred genome fragments, the molecular mechanisms of the transfer process, or the environmental conditions favoring its occurrence. We describe here a genetic system based on transgenic chloroplasts carrying a nuclear selectable marker gene that allows the efficient selection of plants with a nuclear genome that carries pieces transferred from the chloroplast genome. We can select such gene transfer events from a surprisingly small population of plant cells, indicating that the escape of genetic material from the chloroplast to the nuclear genome occurs much more frequently than generally believed and thus may contribute significantly to intraspecific and intraorganismic genetic variation.


text:
S1 Probability June 2005Watch
A student is chosen at random.
Find the probability that this student
(a) is studying Arts subjects,
(b) does not wear glasses, given that the student is studying Arts subjects.
Amongst the Science students, 80% are right-handed. Corresponding percentages for Humanities and Arts students are 75% and 70% respectively.
A student is again chosen at random.
(c) Find the probability that this student is right-handed.
(d) Given that this student is right-handed, find the probability that the student is studying Science subjects.
I've had a look at the mark scheme and I understood it, however, how would i know that drawing a sample space diagram (I think thats what its called?), is better than a tree diagram. Originally I started off with a tree diagram but it got confusing


text:
Issue Date: July 27, 2009
Making Graphene In A Flash
No time to make graphene via conventional routes? Then make it "in a flash."
Northwestern University scientists have just demonstrated that graphite oxide can be converted instantly to graphene via photothermal deoxygenation by exposing the material to a pulse of light from an ordinary camera flash (J. Am. Chem. Soc., DOI: 10.1021/ja902348k).
Because of its low cost and wide availability, graphite oxide is a promising precursor for making graphene-based materials, which are being studied for use in polymer composites and electronics. The oxide is typically treated at high temperature or with potent reducing agents such as hydrazine to yield graphene.
Now, Laura J. Cote, Rodolfo Cruz-Silva, and Jiaxing Huang of Northwestern have shown in a video that the flash method is an instantaneous, chemical-free way to transform graphite oxide, an electrical insulator, into graphene, a conductor, at room temperature.
The team has also shown that by applying masking and photolithography methods, the flash technique can be used to fabricate complex patterns, a key step in developing electronic components.
- Chemical & Engineering News
- ISSN 0009-2347
- Copyright © American Chemical Society


Handling in Calvin
Exceptions or error codes? That seems to be question. Exceptions are the standard error reporting mechanism in C++, but there are many valid reasons for avoiding them. In this regard, I took the route that the Boost libraries did and give the programmer an option.
Depending on the value of the NO_CALVIN_EXCEPTIONS macro at compile time, either an exception (of type calvin_exception) is thrown, or the function calvin::throw_exception is called. If the function option is chosen, then the programmer must define a function by that name to handle any errors. The function should take a single parameter of type calvin_exception.
calvin_exception is a subclass of std::exception, and uses the what parameter to store the cause. Call calvin_exception.what() to see the error string.
To the Persistent Go the Spoils!
That's it for using Calvin. I've been using Calvin in my own applications for several months now with nary a problem. Then again, I know it and tend to perhaps skirt its warts unintentionally. It should be considered 0.1 software. I would welcome any bug fixes.
Calvin isn't done yet though. Current plans to extend it are to include a ZIP archive and an XML archive. The next article will be a tutorial on creating new archives by subclassing stream buffers. If you'd like a deeper explanation on the inner workings of Calvin, e-mail me and I might write up another article talking about the template type matching that makes Calvin work.
In the meantime, peruse the source code. It's compact, simple, and pretty straightforward. I've included it here and written this article hopefully so that you can use it and extend it to suit your needs. The example/test program included with this article requires that Boost version 1.31 or later be installed in the calvin subdirectory. Also, the Boost file system library should be built and available to the test program for linking.
Calvin is copyright by myself, Jay Kint, and licensed for use under the MS-PL license. It should be considered "as-is" and no warranty is intended or implied.
The author would like to thank John Olsen for his contributions and feedback on this article.
1A value type is one that isn't a pointer or a reference. If you can assign from one variable to a second variable, assign something else to the first variable, and the second variable hasn't changed, then those variables types are considered value types. For example:
// value type pseudo code
T x, y;
x = something;
y = x;
x = something_else;
print x;
print y;
If T is a value type, then x should print something_else and y should print something. If x and y print something_else, then T is not a value type.
 1. Boost
 2. Specifically the serialization library, type traits, shared pointers, and file system libraries. Lots of other good things are there as well. If you don't know the boost libraries, check them out.
 3. Eternity
 4. Great little persistence library, which was my first choice, until I started running into the limitations that prompted Calvin.
 5. Holub, Allen; MSJ, June 1996
 6. Every persistence library I've run across has mentioned this article as a source. Worth the read just for an idea of what should be in a persistence library whether you're a user or designer.
 - 1/29/2005
 - First draft posted for review.
 - 2/5/2005
 - Second draft posted for review.
 - 2/8/2005
 - Article submitted to CodeProject.
About the Author
Jay Kint
Web Developer
United States United States
Jay Kint has been a software engineer/hacker for most of his life, starting with 8 bit Ataris. After a lengthy stint in the game industry, he now works at Microsoft in SQL Server.
Comments and Discussions
QuestionI can't bulid it via vc9, can you guys give some help? Pinmemberltn61422-Jun-09 5:21
AnswerRe: I can't bulid it via vc9, can you guys give some help? PinmemberDavid J Ward2-Sep-09 6:14
AnswerRe: I can't bulid it via vc9, can you guys give some help? PinmemberMember 381982126-Jan-11 2:12
me either. looked like a great lib too...
GeneralThanks PinmemberThVoidedLine9-Nov-07 14:02
GeneralSupport for map (code included) [modified] PinmemberWeird Alexis13-Sep-06 0:00
QuestionHow to run this? PinmemberVikas Gandhi31-Mar-06 2:53
QuestionHow about boost serialization? PinsussAnonymous14-Feb-05 19:16
AnswerRe: How about boost serialization? PinmemberJay Kint15-Feb-05 5:05
Generaloverloaded ^ operator PinsussArno Nym13-Feb-05 7:13
GeneralRe: overloaded ^ operator PinmemberJay Kint13-Feb-05 12:31
GeneralRe: overloaded ^ operator Pinmemberpeterchen24-Jan-13 23:06
GeneralRe: overloaded ^ operator PinmemberJay Kint31-Jan-13 12:54
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BBC News
watch One-Minute World News
Last Updated: Wednesday, 19 October 2005, 00:48 GMT 01:48 UK
Racist crime action 'underfunded'
By Dominic Casciani
BBC News community affairs
Recent graffiti in north London
Action to prevent racist violence and crime is being underfunded and undervalued, according to a new report.
Researchers claim that the government takes race crime seriously but not enough is done to prevent it happening. The Runnymede Trust, a think tank, spent two years studying how British society tries to prevent racism and prejudice.
It warns that debates over integration are ignoring serious and ingrained problems over hate crimes.
Researchers from Runnymede, a body that specialises in studying equality, looked at measures designed to prevent racist crimes taking place.
While public bodies were now working much more closely in targeting racist crimes after they had happened, largely due to the fall-out from the Stephen Lawrence murder, they were still failing to prevent them happening in the first place, the team found.
There needs to be intervention before racist violence happens... if we really want to eliminate racism, we need to work in that soft area, where it hasn't happened yet
A racism mediator, interviewed in the report
Those who were trying to work directly with perpetrators of racism, such as young people convicted of race-related offences, said they found it difficult to gain support for their work, even though it was arguably doing the most to directly challenge prejudices.
Sarah Isal, author of the report, said: "While the government has come to terms since the Lawrence Inquiry that there needs to be better support for victims and more work in bringing to justice perpetrators of racist crimes, there has not been enough of a commitment to prevention."
"All of the good programmes that we have highlighted in our report are good projects, but they need more support and leadership from central government."
Ms Isal said that innovative schemes which had a track record in challenging the underlying prejudices behind racist crimes, particularly arts or theatre-based schemes linked to schools, needed more support.
These subtle but complex projects often did more to generate the debate needed among young people than they were given credit for, she argued.
She added that schemes that attempted direct mediation between victims and perpetrators of racist behaviour were also successful, but often not taken seriously enough.
Lawrence criticisms
Between 2003-04 there were 4,179 prosecutions for racially-aggravated crimes, of which a quarter were assaults or harassment charges. The Crown Prosecution Service recorded a 13% increase in such crimes over the previous year, although it is difficult to say whether this means an increase in the actual number of crimes, or an increase in the numbers of people reporting a crime.
Last week, Doreen Lawrence, speaking to the Observer newspaper, attacked the Home Office's recent work on racism, saying that people within black communities felt that ministers had lost interest in the work called for by the inquiry into her son's killing.
Prejudices: Work targeting racist attitudes undervalued, says report
The Observer reported that a key committee overseeing the recommendations of the Stephen Lawrence Inquiry had been disbanded.
The Home Office has declined to confirm this, saying only that it met last month, but its conversations were private.
Responding to the report, Home Office minister Paul Goggins said: "The government deplores all hate crime and considers these kinds of crimes not just an attack on the individual but on the whole of society.
"Our commitment to race equality is as strong as ever and there will be no let-up in our driving forward the improvements still needed.
"Over the next five years the police will improve the way they handle such incidents and promote the reporting of incidents.
"Government, together with the Stephen Lawrence Steering Group, will work to ensure that everyone in Britain has access to an effective racist incident helpline."
The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites
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Network Working Group Jim Hansen
Request for Comment #401 Center for Advanced
NIC #11923 Computation
Category: D.6 University of Illinois
Updates: RFC #387 October 23, 1972
Obsoletes: None
 Conversion of NGP-0 Coordinates to Device
 Specific Coordinates
Conversion of NGP-0 coordinates to floating point PDP-10 coordinates
was discussed in RFC #387. In general, however, it is undesirable to
convert NGP coordinates to floating point coordinates because real
devices require integer addressing. To this end, a means is described
to convert NGP coordinates to integer coordinates in the range zero
to M, where M is the maximum address of the device screen on a machine
using 2's complement arithmetic. It would not, however, be difficult
to modify this algorithm to operate on machines using one's complement
or sign-magnitude arithmetic.
First consider the NGP coordinate format:
 | | n |
 s ^ FRACTION
Where the sign occupies the most significant bit of the coordinate
followed by bits of numerical information (initial implementation of
NGP requires N=15). Negative numbers are represented by 2's
complement. Conversion to device coordinates is accomplished by:
 D = S * f + S
Where D =>integer device coordinate
 S =>scaling factor (typically M/2)
 f =>NGP fractional coordinate
Let us rewrite this as:
 n n
 D = S*(2 *f)/2 +S
 [Page 1]
Now factor S into two terms:
 S= Q * 2
Where Q is an odd integer and I is an integer.
When: I n n
 D = Q * 2 *(2 *f)/2 +S
 I-n n
 = Q * 2 *(2 *f) +S
The factor (2 *f) is represented in 2's complement form simply by
extending the sign bit of f into the upper portion of the computer
word, If Q = 1 (as it would be with many devices), it can be ignored.
If Q >< 1, we may console ourselves that an integer multiply is faster
on most machines than a floating point multiply. In fact, on a
PDP-10, this multiply can usually be performed with no access to
memory since Q is usually small.
We are now left with the 2 factor. This can be accomplished with an
arithmetic shift left by (I-n) or an arithmetic shift right by (n-I)
as is appropriate. The offset factor, S, may now be added using an
integer add.
The procedure for converting NGP coordinates to integer device
coordinates is then:
 1. move coordinate to a register and extend sign
 2. integer multiply by Q (if necessary)
 3. arithmetic shift left by (I-n)
 4. integer add S
This procedure would generally be much faster than:
 1. move coordinate to register and extend sign
 2. float fractional coordinate
 3. floating point multiply
 4. floating point add
 5. conversion to fixed point
 [ This RFC was put into machine readable form for entry ]
 [ direction of Alex McKenzie. 1/97 ]
 [Page 2]


text:
U.S. Food and Drug Administration
Drug Safety and Risk Management Advisory Committee
- Overview of patient information history at FDA
- "Evaluation of Written Prescription Information Provided in Community Pharmacies, 2001: Final Report to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and the Food and Drug Administration"
FDA is seeking scientific discussion of and advice on the following questions:
- What are the priority areas for improvement of useful consumer medication information?
- Where in the process of development and distribution of written patient medication information might interventions improve the quality of information patients receive?
- What kinds of intervention strategies could be helpful?
- What are meaningful times to reevaluate consumer medication information before 2006?
- What outcomes research can be implemented to assess how well the usefulness criteria serve to inform and guide the actions of patients?
- How can outcomes research be used to establish priorities, if necessary, among criteria?


Black and White Photography Exhibit showcases student work
Students, teachers and parents observed the work of Harvard-Westlake (HW) students in an aesthetic black and white photography exhibition in the Arlene Schnitzer Art Gallery in Wang Hall. Laid out before one's eyes was a very pleasing aesthetic of black and white contrasting images, developed using darkroom film techniques during class. The gallery was first presented Tuesday, Dec. 11, during break.
The exhibit featured work of several ninth graders expressing their creativity by using techniques such as using sharp contrasting lines and silhouettes to create striking modern art.
"I'm in Photography 1, so I was trying to understand the contrast between each item and how transparency works on the paper. I knew that I wanted a darker outline, so I used a more solid object to get that contrast, and for the whiter parts of my project, I used a cup that was transparent all the way through, so the light could travel through." Dylan Tatum '22 said.
While discussing what his class is working on now, Tatum said, "For the rest of the semester we're still doing dark room [photography], but we're working on it to a more detailed level, learning how to use double exposure, and stuff like that. For the past month and a half, our work has been camera less."
Overall, the exhibit was a creative expression of HW students art. A darkroom is a completely dark room, where black and white prints are commonly made, while a safelight is commonly used to illuminate the work of the area. Students are encouraged to explore while developing craft and composition.
Photo credit: Self taken
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Here are a few snapshots of a demonstration I like. The problem
involved is the standard one of determining the volume of the
intersection of two cylinders. The difficulty with this problem is, in
part, figuring out what this object looks like. I have demonstration in
AVS which solves this problem. It starts with a picture of
the two cylinders.
In AVS I can make the two cylinders
transparent. Increasing the transparency slowly reveals the
intersection of the two cylinders.
This object can then be rotated in 3-dimensions in AVS, so students can
get a very good idea what it looks like.
The demonstration goes on to show how to cut the object up into a
stack of squares
(shown here with the intersection of the cylinders being only partly
transparent). We review the
general principle for computing volumes
and, after some work at the blackboard and interactive discussion of
how to compute the cross-sectional area we need (assuming the cylinders
have radius 1 unit), we are able to compute the
volume of the object.
The various 3-dimensional objects were constructed by describing them as
objects in Mathematica, then importing them to AVS. All the pictures
available here are only half the size of the ones used in the
demonstration. Some of them suffer for this size reduction.
The intersection of the two cylinders has four curved ''faces''. Each
can be flattened out, so the shape could be cut out of paper four
times to make a model, for instance. Describe the flattened out shape
of one face.


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As I've noted earlier, the amount of grapes a vine produces can have a direct effect on the quality of the grapes produced. If vines are allowed to produce too many grapes, the amount of sugar will be spread among those grapes and diluted too much to make good wine. In Europe, yield rates are legislated for each grape variety in each area. While there are no such laws in the New World, when good wine is the desired product, yield rates must be considered. Yields are usually expressed in weight or in volume. When expressed in weight, the yield will be in tons of grapes per hectare, and when it is in volume it will be hectoliters per hectare.
Here is a list of the different factors that can affect yields:
- The number of vines per hectare.
- The number of buds per vine, determined by pruning.
- The number of shoots, which depends on the soil and climate conditions, and the number of buds per vine.
- The number of clusters per shoot, which described the fruitiness of a vine, and is determined in the spring when the bud forms.
- The number of berries per cluster, which is determined by the flowering process, dependant on the weather during flowering. This is the most unpredictable phase.
- The weight of the berries. This is determined by the grape variety and how much water reaches the vines, either through irrigation or rain. The nutrient supply is also a factor.
- Green harvesting. This is a process in which people will go through the vines and hand-pick out excess bunches of grapes in an effort to reduce yield.
As you can see, there are many factors that influence the amount of yield that will come from a vineyard. Each one of these factors involves a decision on the part of the winemaker, and each of those decisions will increase or decrease the cost of production. Hopefully every decision that increases the cost will result in a better bottle of wine.


text:
Wasteful printing is no longer an issue thanks to Print A Forest's initiative to plant a tree for every hundred pages a person prints.
Founder and Michigan State University graduate Joe Miller saw a problem with the amount of paper – approximately nine million annually – he and other students were printing for classes and proposed a change.
"As a finance major it was practically impossible to take digital notes," Says Miller. "I figured there were other students like me who wished there was a way they could print the paper they needed to print, while contributing to the environment in a positive way."
With an idea in mind and passion for change, Miller developed software that turns everyday printers into tree planting machines.
"Knowing that they have a positive impact on the environment, people can feel good about printing," says Miller.
Critical of Miller's idea and software, many people wonder how this process is possible.
"It's a simple process," says Miller. "The software is available to download on the Print A Forest website. From there, people choose the application option for their printer and the software keeps track of the amount pages printed and notifies users when they have printed enough paper to plant a tree."
The software is free due to support from environmentally-conscious sponsors such as Allstate. The software application relies on a sponsorship revenue stream that donates to nonprofit reforestation efforts in endangered forests, says Miller.
As a result, Print A Forest has partnered with the Arbor Day Foundation to plant hundreds of trees in national forests throughout the United States and has also teamed up with Greening of Detroit to plant fruit bearing trees in Detroit community gardens.
"I've always been the type of person who is concerned with my environmental footprint," says Miller. "I believe what we can't reduce, we must offset and it's important be active in this green revolution."


text: Separation of wavefields into directional components can be accomplished by an eigenvalue decomposition of the accompanying system matrix. In conventional pressure-normalized wavefield decomposition, the resulting one-way wave equations contain an interaction term which depends on the reflectivity function. Applying directional wavefield decomposition using flux-normalized eigenvalue decomposition, and disregarding interaction between upand downgoing wavefields, these interaction terms were absent. By also applying a correction term for transmission loss, the result was an improved estimate of the upand downgoing wavefields. In the wave equation angle transform, a crosscorrelation function in local offset coordinates was Fourier-transformed to produce an estimate of reflectivity as a function of slowness or angle. We normalized this wave equation angle transform with an estimate of the plane-wave reflection coefficient. The flux-normalized one-way wave-propagation scheme was applied to imaging and to the normalized wave equation angle-transform on synthetic and field data; this proved the effectiveness of the new methods.


What does this mean?
If you are seeing answer labels in your interview, with no text where a question would normally be, this can mean one of two things:
 - you have created a question point with labelled answer points but have forgotten to enter any text in the question body, or
 - a reference question you have created has 'broken'.
In this article we will walk you through the exact steps to follow when a reference question has broken.
Find out which reference question is broken
When you know exactly which reference question is broken, you can consider half your problem as solved!
How to check which reference question is breaking:
 - Go through your interview and try to notice which questions are placed before and after the broken reference question. You will be able to tell from the interview if this question is inside a pack reference or on the main path.
 - By now you would have gotten a rough idea where your broken reference question is. To make sure, jump into the editor and locate the reference questions that have exactly the same answer labels as the one you are seeing in the interview.
 - Type in some obvious text e.g. 'TEST1', 'TEST2' etc into the body of the reference questions you have identified.
 - Now go back and refresh the interview by right clicking and selecting 'Reload frame' and check if the text e.g. 'TEST1' comes up on the interview screen. Keep trying till you see this text on the interview screen.
 - Once you have located your broken it's a good idea to go into the editor and rename the label to something obvious so that you can easily find your broken reference question when you need to.
How to fix this issue
Here are some checks you can run on your reference question to pinpoint what the problem is, once you know what the problem is, it's almost always an easy fix:
 - Make sure that your answer points in the reference question are exactly the same as the answer points in the question you are referencing. This includes spaces and letter case.
 - Check that you have referenced the correct question, the image below shows where you can check this.
 - Make sure that you have assigned unique labels to all your questions (so that you are sure you are referencing the correct question.
 - Check that the reference question passes through the branch that the question that is being referenced is on.
With a bit of simple investigating you will find it easy to fix your broken reference question!
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Macbeth Glossary
insane root (1.3.87)
The insane root to which Banquo refers is a herb causing madness. It probably refers specifically to hemlock or henbane, both deadly. Banquo asks Macbeth if they have mistakenly eaten some poison that "takes reason prisoner" (makes them lose their minds) because the Witches vanish into thin air.
Back to Macbeth (1.3)
Related Articles
 Macbeth: The Annotated Play
 Macbeth Character Introduction
 Soliloquy Analysis: Is this a dagger (2.1.33-61)
 Explanatory Notes for Lady Macbeth's Soliloquy (1.5)
 Explanatory Notes for the Witches' Chants (4.1)
 Macbeth Plot Summary (Acts 1 and 2)
 Macbeth Plot Summary (Acts 3, 4 and 5)
 The Curse of Macbeth
 Shakespeare's Sources for Macbeth
 Macbeth Q & A
 Macbeth Study Quiz (with detailed answers)
 Quotations from Macbeth (Full)
 Top 10 Quotations from Macbeth
 Metaphors in Macbeth (Biblical)
 Shakespeare's Writing Style
 Shakespeare's Language
 Shakespeare's Metaphors and Similes
 Shakespeare's Reputation in Elizabethan England
 Shakespeare's Impact on Other Writers
 Why Study Shakespeare?
 Quotations About William Shakespeare
 Shakespeare's Boss
How to cite this article:
/macbeth/macbethglossary/macbeth1_1/macbethglos_insaneroot.html >.


text:
Drone congregation areas
The BeeHolder, July 2010
July 1, 1792
'There is a natural occurrence to be met with upon the highest part of our down on hot summer days, which always amuses me much, without giving me any satisfaction with respect to the cause of it; & that is a loud audible humming of bees in the air, tho' not one insect is to be seen. This sound is to be heard distinctly the whole common through, from the Moneydells, to Mr White's avenue-gate. Any person would suppose that a large swarm of bees was in motion, & playing about over his head. This noise was heard last week on June 28th.'
Gilbert White, 'A Natural History of Selborne'
The above writing is believed to be the earliest known reference to what we now call a drone congregation area. (DCA)
Although a lot of research has been carried out into drone behaviour in DCAs, no one has yet satisfactorily explained why the DCAs occur in certain places, and even more mystifying, why they persist in the same places year after year. (The DCA referred to by Gilbert White is still in use today.
Virtually all drones die in the previous autumn, so how do the new drones know where to go? Light distribution and the contour of the horizon seem to play a part in choosing a site Pechhacker 1994) and Zmarlicki and Morse determined that most DCAs seem to be located over an open area of land of about a hectare, protected from strong winds.Obstructions such as high buildings and tall trees are avoided, but not all open spaces are used. The flyways connecting the DCAs tend to follow lines of trees or hedges, etc. There may be several DCAs adjacent to each other. One study showed that a 10 sq k. area next to an commercial apiary contained at least 26 DCAs and 18km of flyways. Based on radar images a DCA was defined as an area approx. 100m in diameter, where the drones fly at a mean height of 25m-it depends on wind velocity. The stronger the wind, the lower the drones fly.
The night is still young and our drinks are yet long,
The fire's burning bright and here brave is the throng,
So now I will sing you a sooth little song
Of the busy brown bee - with a ding and a dong.
—J. R. R. Tolkien, Natura Apis (A drinking song)
Many drones seem to stay faithful to one DCA, but may visit another in the same general direction. Two to three miles seems to be an average distance for a drone to fly, but they have been known to travel up to 5 miles. For a queen rearer wanting pure matings from a mating apiary, it seems that this is the minimum distance there must be from any other hives, or else a physical barrier of 500m or more must be present. The parentage of a sample of drones was tested in Germany in 1998, and the conclusion reached was that all the colonies in the area seemed to send roughly the same proportion of delegates to the meeting, thus minimising the chances of inbreeding. (C.Collinson, Bee Culture, Sep. 2008) Because mating takes place in flight, it is difficult to observe.
Modern technology such as radar, combined with the technique of tethering a virgin queen to a moving line, has shown drones detecting a virgin forming a long cometshaped tail behind her. Recent studies have shown that the drones find the virgin primarily by smell. One of the components of queen substance, called 9-ODA, attracts drones during mating flights. (Apis UK, July 2008). However, it has also been noticed that drones will momentarily chase anything that moves, butterflies, dragonflies or a thrown stone, so presumably eyesight plays a part as well.
Drones have to be very fit and well developed to mate with a queen. In addition to the excellent flying power needed to catch the queen, they must have ample supplies of spermatazoa, as only a fraction of each ejaculate will migrate to the queen's spermatheca. (Woyke and Jasinski, 1973) In a series of studies made by Duay et al, in 2002, it was shown that the effects of parasitism by Varroa destructor in the larval stage, could seriously affect the drones ability to mate. A significant reduction in drone body weight resulted from invasion by only one female varroa mite, and two or more mites reduced drone life expectancy so much that sexual maturity was seldom reached. Varroa parasitism by only one mite hardly affected flying power but sperm production was reduced by 24%. In those drones that survived, two female mites invasion resulted in greatly reduced flying power and a sperm reduction of 45%. Other interesting facts to emerge are;
- Drones like it hot. Flying to a DCA and gathering enough drones to form a comet only occurs at 18C or above.
- They are very good time keepers, generally flying between 2.00pm and 6.00pm This varies according to the weather.
- Drones returning to the apiary outside these times were not interested in a queen.
- Maximum flight height in flyways is 21m, but in DCAs it can reach 50m.
- Drones can make several trips to a DCA in an afternoon, returning to the hive to refuel when necessary. Each mating flight lasts about 30 mins.
- The number of drones in a DCA can vary enormously, from hundreds to thousands.
- Usually, 7 to 11 drones will mate with a queen. About 90 million sperm will be deposited in her oviducts, and a mixture of about 7 million of them will be stored in her spermatheca
The actual process of mating has now been documented quite thoroughly. drone mounts a queen and inserts his endophallus and ejaculates his semen. During ejaculation he falls backwards and his endophallus is torn from his body, remaining in the queen. Any subsequent males mating with the queen dislodge the previous drones endophallus and leave their own in its place. The drones die quickly with their abdomens ruptured in this fashion. The queen returns to her hive still carrying the endophallus of the last male to mate with her. Beekeepers call this the 'mating sign' It will be removed by the nurse bees. The process is described very clearly in 'The Biology of the Honeybee' by Mark Winston.
Once the mating season is over, the 'raison d'etre' of the drones is gone. Only in queenless or very well provisioned colonies will some be allowed to overwinter in the hive. There is no sentimentality in nature, and drones with no function to perform are simply a drain on valuable resources, ie honey stores. In the autumn they are refused entry to the hive, or have their wings bitten and are forcibly ejected, to die of cold and starvation.
'Bees, Biology and Management' by Peter G. Kevan.
'The Biology of the Honeybee' by Mark L. Winston.
'Anatomy and Dissection of the Honeybee' by H. A.Dade.
'Bee Genetics and Breeding' edited by Thomas Rinderer
'Drone Congregation Areas' by C. Collison. (Bee Culture, Sep 2008)
'Beekeeping' by Kim Flottum.
'Pheromones of the Social bees' by John Free.
'The Honey Bees of the British Isles' by Beowolf Cooper.
And why is understanding of drone behaviour so important? Understanding drones may well be the key to controlling varroa. Drones range over a 5 mile radius. Workers range over a 3 mile radius. Drones are tolerated, even welcomed in strange hives. Worker bees are prevented from entering starange hives unless they have a full load of honey. For the varroa mite to spread it needs to defferentially lay in drone cells. This behaviour has evolved within the primary host/parastite, that of apis cerana/Varroa destructor. Those who keep the Honey Bee, Apis melifera, have long noticed the preference for varroa to lay in drone cells. This has lead to the destruction of drone cells becoming an indicator of varroa infestation. Stimulation of the queen to lay whole frames of drones which are then destroyed is now a regular part of Integrated Pest Management IPM.


text:
falsetto (fôlsĕtˈtō) [key] [Ital., = diminutive of false ], high-pitched, unnatural tones above the normal register of the male voice, produced, according to some theories, by the vibration of only the edges of the larynx. Some male altos are tenors skilled in the use of falsetto. Falsetto tone is usually thin and expressionless, but can be used with good effect.
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
More on falsetto from Fact Monster:
See more Encyclopedia articles on: Music: Theory, Forms, and Instruments


text:
The Nature of Periodic Points
Letform a– cycle of an analytic functionThen
The derivative oftakes the same value at each point of the– cycle so tha
Sincewhere the functionis applied p times, we can deduce using the Chain Rule that
Puttinggives 1 above.
is the product of the derivatives ofat the points of the – cycle sois also the product of the derivatives ofat the points of the– cycle and similarly for the other points
The derivative ofat the point of a– cycle determines the nature of the point. Part 2 above implies that all the points of a- cycle have the same nature and we can talk of the nature of the– cycle as a whole.
Ifis a periodic point with periodof an analytic functionthenand the corresponding– cycle are
super attracting if
Example: Ifthen the period 2 – points areand
soand the 2 – cycle consisting of the pointsandis repelling.


text:
2008, the Port developed a Habitat Restoration Plan for the Lower Duwamish.
City of Seattle Restore
Our Waters Initiative
This City of Seattle effort is a partnership with the community to protect and restore the Duwamish as well as streams, lakes, and marine shorelines.
People For Puget Sound
People for Puget Sound is a non-profit citizens group dedicated to educating and involving people in protecting and restoring the land and waters of Puget Sound and the Northwest Straits. It regularly organizes volunteer restoration efforts at several sites in the Duwamish and relies on citizen monitors to help evaluate the success of Duwamish restoration efforts.
Puget Soundkeeper Alliance
Puget Soundkeeper Alliance was created in 1984 as a coalition of citizens and organizations concerned about the health of Puget Sound. It periodically cruises the Duwamish to detect illegal pollution.
ECOSS (Environmental Coalition of South Seattle)
ECOSS is a non-profit agency that helps residents and business with hazardous waste disposal, recycling, and other environmental issues. It is currently planning to restore salmon habitat along the Duwamish River in South Park.
Learn more about the original inhabitants and stewards of the Duwamish at the Tribe's web site.
The Nature Consortium is a very active environmental education, urban forest restoration, and arts organization in West Seattle. The focus of their restoration work is the West Duwamish Greenbelt.
DuwamishJohn Beal YouTube Video
This 13-minute video profiles John Beal, who worked tireless to restore the Duwamish until his death in 2006. The video explains the importance of the Duwamish and shows views of the river from the air and by boat.
King Conservation District
Since 1949, the KCD has been helping the people of King County manage their natural resources by educating landowners, schools groups, scientists, consultants and agencies in recognizing problem situations and avoiding the creation of them. KCD also provides technical assistance in solving problems.
Green/Duwamish Ecosystem Restoration Project
The US Army Corps of Engineers, in partnership with King County, the cities of the watershed, the Muckleshoot and Suquamish Tribes, state agencies, and local interests have developed the Green/Duwamish Ecosystem Restoration Project to restore the ecosystem of the watershed. Several projects are in the Duwamish subwatershed.
Elliott Bay/Duwamish Restoration Panel
The Elliott Bay/Duwamish Restoration Panel was established to implement the sediment cleanup, habitat restoration/development, and pollution source control provisions of a court settlement involving the federal government, King County, and the City of Seattle. The Panel has paid for a number of significant habitat restoration/creation projects in the Duwamish. The web site includes many photographs of restoration sites.
Information Resources for the Duwamish Estuary Subwatershed
Reconnaissance Assessment Report on the Green/Duwamish and Central Puget Sound Watershed
Comprehensive information on salmon habitat as of 2000. Includes detailed information on on salmon populations, conditions in specific subwatersheds and stream basins, and maps showing salmon habitat.
Lower Green River Baseline Habitat Survey Report
Detailed information, maps, and photos of Duwamish River mainstem habitat conditions from River Mile 5.7 (just south of Turning Basin #3) to River Mile 11.2 (Fort Dent Park). Also available upon request are Geographic Information System (GIS) layers with these data. Published January 2004.
Urban Blueprint for Salmon - City of Seattle
Information about how Chinook salmon use the Duwamish and other parts of Seattle.
Green River Watershed Page - King County
Information about the Green/Duwamish River watershed.
Environmental Information Page for WRIA 9 - Washington State Department of Ecology
Includes downloadable publications, maps, and water quality information for Green/Duwamish and Central Puget Sound Watershed (WRIA 9). Most information is related to the Green/Duwamish portion of WRIA 9.
Surf Your Watershed - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Site contains links to various U.S. EPA documents related to environmental conditions in the Green/Duwamish watershed. There are links for environmental parameters such as air quality and hazardous waste in addition to water quality.


text:
You have the ability to edit your image inside the library using Pixlr, a free image editing application. You can rotate, crop, resize, fix the exposure, adjust colors, sharpen and remove red-eye. To edit your image follow the steps listed below.
- Click on Tools | Library from the blue navigation bar
- Find the image in the library and move your mouse over the image - Click on the pencil that appears in the lower right corner
- When Pixlr opens, click the button that applies to the changes you want to make, add text, filters, crop, etc.
- Resize by pixels, crop to remove unneeded space, flip and/or rotate to change the orientation of your image
- Click Apply then Save and you will be given the option to either overwrite the existing image or save it as a new image