for use with brass?
6. Explain the type of job for which a round file would be used.
7. Name one or two jobs where a half round bastard file would be very useful.
8. What type of file should be used to finish off the surface of a 3" x 4" steel block level and smooth?
9. For what purpose is a square file generally used?
10. What are two safety rules to follow when using a file?
11. What effect does oil have on the correct use of a file?
12. Explain the cause of "pinning", the results, and how to prevent it.
Fitting a Key
The word KEY is the name given to a piece of metal, usually steel, which is employed to lock two parts of a machine together as solidly as though the job was made out of one piece. Fig. 91 is an end view of a coupling and a motor shaft showing how the keyway is half in the hub and half in the shaft. Note carefully that the keyway position and size are always given on the blueprint and must be strictly followed.
Fig 91
Fig. 91
Keyways are usually cut in the machine shop. The parts to be keyed together are brought to the ship with the key or keys partly fitted to the job. Keyways can be, and at times are, cut by hand but this is unusual. In either case the fitting of the key is about the same.
Keys may be straight or tapered. See Figs. 92 and 93. A tapered key drives in more tightly and of course is a little easier to fit than a straight key. Some keys are fitted tightly on all four sides and others are fitted on three sides. The fitting is done with a mill file. See the leader for full details.
Fig 92, Plain Key
Fig. 92
Fig 93, Gib Key
Fig. 93
Keys may be any size from 1/4" up to 1" square in ordinary jobs. Larger keys are installed in heavy units such as a propeller and propeller shaft.
Some keys have a head as shown in Fig. 93. This makes it easier to remove the key by driving a drift behind the head and drawing the key out. This feature is found on many tapered keys.
1. Remove the sharp corners from the key.
2. Remove any burrs that may be on the edges of the keyway.
3. Try the coupling on the shaft for fit. If' not satisfactory, check with the leader. If the fit is correct, proceed.
4. Try the key in place to check the fit.
5. Dress high spots on the key, if any.
6. Check with the leader.
7. Apply white lead to the key and keyway when correctly fitted.
8. Check the coupling for correct position on the shaft, endwise.
9. Drive the key home to the correct location. Check with leader.
1. To what extent is the keyway prepared to receive the key when the job is delivered to the yard?
2. What tools are needed to fit ordinary keys?
3. How can the correct fit of a key be determined?
4. Explain the difference between a square key and a taper key.
5. What is the advantage in using a taper key?
Miscellaneous Hand Tools
The mechanic does not use all of his tools on any one job; nor does he use them all in any one day. The tools should be at hand to use when necessary. The tools which have been mentioned in the instruction material so far are probably used more than any others in the tool kit or tool crib. A few general instructions on how to use various other tools will be considered in this section.
Fig 94, Square Head, Protractor Head, Center Head
Fig. 94
Figure 94 shows a tool which consists of four parts. The square head, Fig. 95, may be used with the blade to scribe lines at right angles with an edge or surface. When the blade is used with the protractor head, Fig. 96, lines may be laid off from a straight edge or surface at any angle up to 180 degrees. When the blade is used with the center head, Fig. 97, a line may be scribed exactly across the center of a piece of round stock like a shaft end.
Fig 95, Squaring an Edge
Fig. 95
Fig 96, Checking an Angle.
Fig. 96
The blade is a scale which may be used for measuring as with any other scale. The size of the combination square depends on the length of the blade. The heads of the tool are made in proportion to the length of the blade. Combination sets usually have a 12" or 18" blade. Do not drop the tool, for a fall or blow will destroy its accuracy.
Fig 97
Fig. 97
Hack saw frames are made adjustable to take blades 8, 10, 12, and 14 inches long. See Fig. 98. Al2" hack saw blade is usually a
convenient length for ordinary use. The teeth are spaced either fine or coarse and are designated according to the number of teeth per inch.
Fig. 98
Fig. 98
NOTE: Some hack saw handles are made with a "pistol grip".
1. Keep the blade under the correct tension. Ask the leader how the first few times, to avoid breaking the blade. He will help adjust the tension.
2. Hold the saw straight across the work and make even strokes from toe to heel. (The instructor will demonstrate this.)
3. Do not saw fast. Fourteen strokes to the minute are plenty.
4. Do not bear down too much. Too much pressure will "strip" the teeth or "bow" the blade until it breaks.
5. Ease up slightly on the return stroke. The work is done on the "push" stroke.
6. When sawing thin stock or tubing, use a fine-toothed saw.
7. Coarse-toothed saws are better for soft stock or wide material. Fine-toothed saws plug up in soft material.
8. Do not allow the saw to "bind" in the cut. Follow a vertical line when sawing downward. If the saw is not held "easy" in the cut, it is easily broken.
These are only a few of the many precautions to observe when using a hack saw.
The tin snip is really a sheet metal worker's tool, but it is very useful on many outside machinist jobs. See Fig. 99. Some of the
Fig 99, Tin snips with hardened edges.
Fig. 99
principal uses for tin snips are cutting gasket material, sheet metal templates, soft wire, copper screening, etc.
Never cut hard wire, large nails, or small rods. Tin snips lose their "shear" when employed on work that is too heavy. The instructor will explain what is meant by "shear". Hard wire nicks the cutting edges, making it impossible to cut thin materials satisfactorily. Tin snips come in several sizes and styles. Use the correct type and size for the job.
An ordinary pocket knife is a very useful tool for trimming gaskets, cutting packing, trimming wooden packing sticks, etc. Keep the knife sharp. A dull tool is a nuisance. See your leader for the best type of knife to buy.
Tool steel is necessary for a good scriber. See Fig. 100. The point must be kept sharp at all times. Using the scriber is like using a pencil. The difference is that a scriber will make a fine line, no larger than a hair. A dull scriber is worse than none. Close work can be done only when a fine line is used to do the marking. The scriber point is sharpened on an oil stone. Never use an emery wheel. (The instructor will demonstrate some of the ways to use a scriber.) A pocket scriber with a reversible point can be carried in the pocket.
Fig 100
Fig. 100
The outside machinist uses a level (See Fig. 101) on many jobs, but only while the ship is on the ways. Some of the jobs set with a level are:
Setting deck stands; leveling the "horse" on the after end of the eye in the stern frame when running a line; and setting overboard discharge castings in correct position on sea chests.
Fig 101
Fig. 101
When the bubble is exactly between the two hair lines on the glass, the surface upon which the level rests is level. Some levels have three
"glasses" and the level may be used to plumb a perpendicular. (The instructor will demonstrate the uses of a level.)
There is a level glass in the square head of a combination square. The head and blade may be used for a plumb, or the head alone may be used for a level on short surfaces of a job. Always use the longest level possible, for accuracy. Levels are made from 6" to 24" long.
In long, vertical distances where a point several feet below must be lined up with a fixed point above, a level is out of the question. In this case we use a long chalk line, which is a heavy cord, with a weight on the bottom end to hold the line taut. See Fig. 102. The weight is called a "bob", and the line is then known as a "plumb line". As the illustration shows, the plumb bob is pear-shaped with the small end hanging down. The small end is pointed, and in using the plumb


Leigh Hunt
October 19
Leigh Hunt (1784)
He died at age 74 on 28 August 1859. Leigh Hunt was a Deist, and strongly opposed Christianity, as evidenced in his Religion of the Heart. It has been suggested that Leigh Hunt was the model for Harold Skimpole in Charles Dickens' Bleak House, but Dickens denied this. Indeed, he described Hunt as "the very soul of honour and truth."*
* Dictionary of National Biography.
Thomas Browne
Sir Thomas Browne (1605)
It was also on this date, October 19, 1605, that British writer Sir Thomas Browne was born in London, the son of a prosperous silk merchant who died when he was eight. Browne nevertheless studied at Pembroke College, Oxford, where he took his B.A. in 1626 and his M.A. three years later. He earned an M.D. from the University of Leiden in 1633. He practiced medicine in Norwich and was affiliated with the Church of England.
While supported by his medical practice, he published on a wide variety of topics, including religion and science. His Religio Medici, which translated from the Latin means "The Religion of a Physician," written in English, ran through at least eight editions while he was alive. It was translated into most European languages in his day, and is often described as a fine piece of religious literature, but it was put on the Roman Catholic Index of Prohibited Books, all the same.
Although usually taken to be a Christian, in such works as Hydriotaphia — often called Discourse on Sepulchral Urns or simply Urn Burial (1648) and Pseudodoxia epidemica, Browne shows that he was a Deist and a skeptic regarding immortality. In Urn Burial he says that "a dialogue between two infants in the womb concerning the state of this world might handsomely illustrate our ignorance of the next," and "I perceive the wisest heads prove, at last, almost all skeptics."*
He was knighted by King Charles II in 1671. Thomas Browne died on his 77th birthday in 1682. It was Browne who said, "As for those wingy mysteries in divinity, and airy subtleties in religion, which have unhinged the brains of better heads, they never stretched the pia mater of mine."**
* Thomas Browne, Discourse on Sepulchral Urns, 1648, p. 158 (1886 ed.).
** Thomas Browne, Religio Medici, 1642. (pia mater refers to the "innermost of the three membranes covering the brain and spinal cord.")
Ronald Bruce Meyer is a freelance writer.
Wordcount 578


text:
Many pages are now also accessible as spoken audio.
|0 to 9||0 to 90% in audio position|
- improve text-quality used for speech:
- remove textual fluff (footnotes, references, tables, images, etc)
- correct phonetics for some misspoken common words.
- research UX improvements:
- more accurate text-audio alignment
- word-level click navigation within the page (currently only as a separate text window)
- auto-scroll when audio plays (as an user option) with sentence and word-level highlighting

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Why would clouds form a hexagon on Saturn?
Nobody is sure.
Originally discovered during the
Voyager flybys of
Saturn in the 1980s, nobody has ever seen anything like it anywhere else in the
If Saturn's South Pole wasn't strange enough with its
Saturn's North Pole might be considered even stranger.
The bizarre cloud pattern is
in great detail by a recent image taken by the
This and similar images show the stability of the
even 20+ years after Voyager.
of Saturn's North Pole show the cloud structure maintaining its
hexagonal structure while rotating.
Unlike individual clouds appearing like a
hexagon on Earth,
cloud pattern appears to have six well defined sides of nearly equal length.
Earths could fit inside the
Imaged from the side, the
dark shadow of the
is seen eclipsing part of its
grand system of rings,
partly visible on the upper right.
NASA/JPL-Caltech/Space Science Institute


text:
- freely available
Long-Term Evolution of Cones of Depression in Shallow Aquifers in the North China Plain
AbstractThe North China Plain (NCP) is one of the places where the groundwater is most over-exploited in the world. Currently, our understanding on the spatiotemporal variability of the cones of depression in this region is fragmentary. This study intends to simulate the cones of depression in the shallow aquifer across the entire NCP during the whole period from 1960 to 2011. During the simulation, the dominant role of anthropogenic activities is emphasized and carefully taken into account using a Neural Network Algorithm. The results show that cones of depression in the NCP were formed in 1970s and continuously expanded. Their centers were getting deeper with an increasing degree of groundwater exploitation. This simulation provides valuable insights for developing more sustainable groundwater management options after the implementation of the South-to-NorthWater Diversion Project (SNWDP), which is a very important surface water project in China in the near future. The numerical model in this paper is built by MODFLOW, with pumpage data completed by neural network algorithm and hydrogeological parameters calibrated by simulated annealing algorithm. Based on our long-term numerical model for regional groundwater flow in the NCP, one exploitation limitation strategy after the implementation of SNWDP is studied in this paper. The results indicate that the SNWDP is beneficial for groundwater recovery in the NCP. A number of immense groundwater cones will gradually shrink. However, the recovery of the groundwater environment in the NCP will require a long time.
Share & Cite This Article
Zhang, Y.; Li, G. Long-Term Evolution of Cones of Depression in Shallow Aquifers in the North China Plain. Water 2013, 5, 677-697.View more citation formats
Zhang Y, Li G. Long-Term Evolution of Cones of Depression in Shallow Aquifers in the North China Plain. Water. 2013; 5(2):_URL_ Style
Zhang, Yuan; Li, Guomin. 2013. "Long-Term Evolution of Cones of Depression in Shallow Aquifers in the North China Plain." Water 5, no. 2: 677-697.


Stone-Age Skeletons Unearthed in Sahara Desert
"It must have been a place of memory," said study co-author Mary Anne Tafuri, an archaeologist at the University of Cambridge. "People throughout time have kept it, and they have buried their people, over and over, generation after generation."
PHOTOS: Faces of Our Ancestors
About 15 women and children were buried in the rock shelter, while five men and juveniles were buried under giant stone heaps called tumuli outside the shelter during a later period, when the region turned to desert.
The findings, which are detailed in the March issue of the Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, suggest the culture changed with the climate.
Millennia of burials
From about 8,000 to 6,000 years ago, the Sahara desert region, called Wadi Takarkori, was filled with scrubby vegetation and seasonal green patches. Stunning rock art depicts ancient herding animals, such as cows, which require much more water to graze than the current environment could support, Tafuri said.
NEWS: Stone Age Painters Were Realists
Tafuri and her colleague Savino di Lernia began excavating the archaeological site between 2003 and 2006. At the same site, archaeologists also uncovered huts, animal bones and pots with traces of the earliest fermented dairy products in Africa. (See Images of the Stone-Age Skeletons)
To date the skeletons, Tafuri measured the remains for concentrations of isotopes, or molecules of the same element with different weights.
The team concluded that the skeletons were buried over four millennia, with most of the remains in the rock shelter buried between 7,300 and 5,600 years ago.
The males and juveniles under the stone heaps were buried starting 4,500 years ago, when the region became more arid. Rock art confirms the dry up, as the cave paintings began to depict goats, which need much less water to graze than cows, Tafuri said.
The ancient people also grew up not far from the area where they were buried, based on a comparison of isotopes in tooth enamel, which forms early in childhood, with elements in the nearby environment.
Shift in culture?
The findings suggest the burial place was used for millennia by the same group of people. It also revealed a divided society.
VIDEO: Learn About the Life of an Archaeologist
"The exclusive use of the rock shelter for female and sub-adult burials points to a persistent division based on gender," wrote Marina Gallinaro, a researcher in African studies at Sapienza University of Rome, who was not involved in the study, in an email to LiveScience.
One possibility is that during the earlier period, women had a more critical role in the society, and families may have even traced their descent through the female line. But once the Sahara began its inexorable expansion into the region about 5,000 years ago, the culture shifted and men's prominence may have risen as a result, Gallinaro wrote.
The region as a whole is full of hundreds of sites yet to be excavated, said Luigi Boitani, a biologist at Sapienza University of Rome, who has worked on archaeological sites in the region but was not involved in the study.
"The area is an untapped treasure," Boitani said.
The new discovery also highlights the need to protect the fragile region, which has been closed to archaeologists since the revolution that ousted dictator Moammar el Gadhafi.
Takarkori is very close to the main road that leads from Libya into neighboring Niger, so rebels and other notorious political figures, such as Gadhafi's sons, have frequently passed through the area to escape the country, he said.
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Progressive Web App: the next stage in customer experience revolution
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Debt Relief and Revenue Security
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Written by: Avril Dalin
Copy of Progressive Web Apps_ the next stage in customer experience revolution (4)
You've likely heard the phrase, "change is the only constant in life." And it's true. Throughout history, human evolution has been key to our survival as is innovation to our prosperity. Invention boomed during the first industrial revolution and the second. Then, the third phase, the Digital Revolution, gave birth to the internetwhich forever transformed the processing and sharing of information.
The Evolution of Web Development
1970's: Clunky and difficult to use personal computers were developed.
1989: The world wide web was invented for automated information sharing
1999: The first version of mobile specific web browser connected our phones to the World Wide Web.
2000 -2007: Phones got smarter, became more portable and signal coverage improved. However, poor phone resolution and the absence of touchscreen mobiles made surfing the web difficult. In response, developers redirected users to mobile web sites with the M.Dot methodology. Unfortunately, multiple redirects slowed things down and maintaining multiple websites came with pricey development costs.
2008: Google Play and the App store were released. At the time, slow phone internet speed and expensive data use charges allowed companies to capitalize on Native App development. Because there was no easy way to create an app that could work across Android, Apple, Windows, and/or other operating systems, specialization was required. Developers had to write multiple code for the same app to run across different types of devices. Unfortunately, this like previous methods also came with pricey development costs.
Naturally, developers adapted and debuted Responsive Web Design (RWD) to resolve the need for multiple codes. Over the past decade, web app development further evolved in pursuit of reducing the gap between web and native app development while simultaneously improving the customer experience. And so, Hybrid App development came into the picture.
And soon, Progressive Web Apps (PWA) revolutionized the industry once again
The Next Wavefurther improved customer experience
As web development matures, PWAs elevate the customer experience into the future by maintaining the engaging and user-friendly native app experience, but with less development and maintenance headaches for utilities as well as instant access to platform enhancements
 1. The Native-App FeelMuch like native-apps, PWAs can also be downloaded into customer's home screens as real applications. They function and feel just like native apps.
 2. Write once, run anywhere, save on costsWith the rise of competing smart phone brands and the desire to make platforms accessible to everyone, PWAs are developed to allow for the same code to be used across all device and operating systems. This is an innovative enhancement for web development from its Native App predecessor. So whether customers have the Google Pixel, an Apple iPhone, an Android, or whatever the newest smart phone may be, they will still be able to access a PWA immediately. Thus, making it easier, faster, and cost effective to offer the same features regardless of where your customers are. There's no longer a need to maintain multiple apps, perform extensive testing, updating and ongoing maintenance across all device platforms.
 A single app with a consistent look-and-feel across all platforms also makes it easier for staff members to assist customers and lessens the confusion for everyone. It's a win-win!
 3. Ease of maintenance, higher securityWith native apps requiring manual updates, users often missed out on powerful new features and critical security patches. Thankfully, the evolution to PWAs automatically provides users the renewed experiences as soon as updates are published.
 4. No revenue sharingBecause PWA's are not offered through App stores, utilities providing self-service apps via PWAs don't have to share any revenue from in-app purchases (for add on services such as protection plans). For reference, app stores apply a 15-30% fee of pre-tax revenue on any transaction made within a native app.
Native Apps may have had a leg up over PWAs due to timingbut PWAs have quickly taken the lead as best practice. For example, Apple will soon roll out new features to PWAs such as dark mode, authentication methods (including Face ID), application previews and more. Google has already introduced new features such as immersive full-screen experiences, shortcut actions and graceful permission handling. PWA's are becoming the default future for utility self-service apps.
VertexOne has been building both native and progressive web apps for customer self-service since 2014—before most utility companies even realized the importance of self-service apps. As an industry pioneer, we currently provide mobile solutions to roughly 15 million customers across North America. Though we create both types of apps, it's clear why most of our utility partners opt for PWAs. The time and money saved along with expanded and robust capabilities make it a no-brainer for those wanting to build a more future-forward utility. PWAs is where innovation meets essential services.
Download this infographic for more information on how PWAs might just be the more modern and better option for your customer self-service app. We encourage you to share it with your utility customer service team.
Download Web vs Native App Infographic
Avril Dalin is a former employee of VertexOne, a SaaS provider of customer technology solutions purpose built for utilities.


text:
- a horse that bolts, or runs away
- ⌂ a person who withdraws from a political party, group, etc.
a device for bolting, or sifting, flour, etc.
- A horse given to bolting.
- One who gives up membership in or withdraws support from a political party.
- A machine used for sifting, especially for sifting flour.
- One who operates a sifting machine.
- A person or thing that bolts, or runs suddenly.
- (botany, horticulture) A plant that grows larger and more rapidly than usual.
- (flour milling) A machine or mechanism that automatically sifts milled flour.
- A person who sifts flour or meal.
- (petroleum refining) A filter mechanism.
- (Australia, sports) An obscure athlete who wins an upset victory.
- (Australia, horseracing) A horse that wins at long odds.
- (New Zealand, sports) In team sports, a relatively little-known or inexperienced player who inspires the team to greater success.
- (US, politics) A member of a political party who does not support the party's nominee.
- (military aviation) A missed landing on an aircraft carrier; an aircraft that has made a missed landing.
- A kind of fishing line; a boulter.
From bolt + -er.


text:
Fidget spinners have been making waves this summer as the hottest new toy, and trend, for both kids and adults alike. They have also been making waves, however, for the dangers they pose to those using them.
Fidget spinners seem harmless, right? You see them as something to keep your kids occupied for a few minutes, or something to keep their hands busy.
While they are a great concept, they are not presented as best they could be. Here are 5 things you must know before buying your child a fidget spinner this summer.
1. They're a Choking Hazard
It has been made very clear that these toys come apart rather easily, resulting in multiple small pieces.
These small pieces are considered serious choking hazards, especially for children under the age of 3.
2. They're a Swallowing Hazard
This is along the same lines as them being choking hazards, however focuses more on the older children or adults that are using them. The size of the pieces that break off may not pose the risk of choking for older users, but are just as dangerous if swallowed.
There have been multiple accounts of older children and teens needing surgery to remove the small metal or plastic pieces from their stomachs.
3. They Can Get Stuck on Fingers
Most fidget spinners have three sides, each having a hollow circular piece.
Depending on the brand and style, the center spinner may also be hollow. Multiple incidents have been reported of children getting their fingers stuck in these hollow circular pieces and having to get the toy cut off of their finger.
This poses the risk of cutting off circulation to the finger, which can be seriously damaging if not caught soon enough, and the risk posed by having to cut off the piece, using sharp tools so close to the child's finger.
4. Some Have Sharp Edges
Some of the cheaper, knock-off brands of this toy have been found to have relatively sharp edges that can pose a danger to the child.
The risk of being cut by the edges of the toy is increased as the toy is spun, especially if the child loses control and mishandles the toy.
5. Read the Safety Labels and Check the Brand
Every parent considering the fidget spinner as a toy for their children should be sure to do their research. Buying the proper brand will ensure the best quality of the toy.
This can reduce the chances of the pieces breaking off, and of the sharp edges. Also make sure to read the safety labels, as with any toy, and follow the recommendations they give.
Before giving into your children's wishes for the latest toy, make sure to read these 5 things you must know before buying your child a fidget spinner.
Doing you research and being diligent with your purchase can substantially decrease the risk and danger these toys pose to your children.
Like any toy, ensure your young children are being supervised while playing with fidget spinners, and your older children are educated on how to properly use them.


text:
Our Schnapsdrossel (WoM for March) needs a drinking companion, and here he is. A Schluck is a gulp or swig (from schlucken - "to swallow"), and a Specht is a woodpecker. Put the two together and you have another moniker for a boozer or drunk. Again, I do not know how the word originatedperhaps the alliteration of the two components (the S in Specht is pronounced like English "sh") played a role.
Addendum (4/9/2012): According to this theory, the term goes back to certain woodpecker species that hammer holes into tree trunks in order to get to the sap.
Anyway, we have a word that may look daunting to foreigners: 11 consonants and only 2 vowels! Things appear easier when you realize that the "sch", "ck", and "ch" indicate but one phoneme each, which reduces the number of effective consonants in the word to 7. Still, for speakers of languages that avoid consonant clusters (like Japanese) the word is a challenge.
[Source: Wild Things in the German Language: Kindle version | iBook version]
A far-flung Nostratic colony in the Andes
10 hours ago

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Ability refers to the mental (psychological), physical, or
legal competence to function in a specific way because
of the possession of appropriate skills and mental or
physical fitness. Physical abilities encompass many
possible areas and can be tested in many different ways.
Examples include tests of balance ability, tension ability
(ability to pull, push, or lift), endurance ability (i.e., how
long one can do an activity for), flexion ability (e.g., ability
to bend, twist, reach, or stretch), or power ability (e.g.,
FEATURED BOOK: Active Listening: Improve Your
Ability to Listen and Lead
High cognitive ability in people
with strong brain functioning.
In psychological testing, intellectual ability is reflected by the Full Scale Intelligence
Quotient (Full Scale IQ or FSIQ) with the Wechsler series of IQ tests and on the
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Tests. Different intelligence tests use different terms for this
concept such as the Composite Intelligence Index (CIX) on the Reynolds Intellectual
Assessment Scales (RIAS). When there is a significant enough discrepancy between
intellectual ability and academic achievement (in favor of ability) this information is
consistent with a learning disorder/disability (e.g., math disorder, reading disorder).
"Where Medical Information is Easy to Understand"™
In a legal context, if one is deemed to have lost
the ability to care for oneself, make independent
decisions about specific issues (e.g., personal
care, finances), or to think in a logical way, that
person may be said to lack competence/capacity
in a specific area and to be in need of external
help to prevent the person from doing harm to
him/herself or others.
Ability comes from the Latin word "habils" meaning
"easy to manage."


zygomatic arch love
 - n. The bony arch in vertebrates that extends along the side or front of the skull beneath the eye socket and that is formed by the zygomatic bone and the zygomatic process of the temporal bone.
from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License
 - n. An arch formed by the zygomatic process of temporal bone and the temporal process of the zygomatic bone.
from the GNU version of the Collaborative International Dictionary of English
 - adj. the arch of bone beneath the orbit, formed in most mammals by the union of the malar, or jugal, with the zygomatic process of the temporal bone. In the lower vertebrates other bones may help to form it, and there may be two arches on each side of the skull, as in some reptiles.
 - n. the slender arch formed by the temporal process of the cheekbone that bridges to the zygomatic process of the temporal bone
Sorry, no etymologies found.
Sorry, no example sentences found.


Grand Canyon
Grand Canyon, Zhangjiajie 2017
The Zhangjiajie Grand Canyon is a recently developed natural wonderland. It includes mountains, streams, caves, cliffs, and forest. The Grand Canyon covers a total area of over 60 square kilometers and is located near the Wulingyuan Scenic Area, which covers a total area of over 370 square kilometers. Today, the Grand Canyon is a tourist attraction in Zhangjiajie due to the Glass Bridge.
According to local legends, the Grand Canyon has two names: one is Lanchuanxia ('Rotten Ship Gorge'). The waters of the gorge come from the Shenquan Creek and seem to bubble from the rotten boards of a ship. The other is Luanquanxia (Massiv Springs Canyon). This is because there are numerous springs on both sides of the gorge.
The hike in the gorge begins with a long and narrow vertical gap between two mountain cliffs known as the 'A Stripe of Sky'. The difference in altitude between the upper and lower canyons is over 300 meters. In the ravine meanders a spring, along which runs a wooden path. In the last part of the gorge is a small reservoir for the hydroelectric power station. Here you have to take a short boat trip from the Upper Pier to the Down Pier.
Was denkst du?/ What do you think?


text:
Dora and Alicia Ocampo Quesada
Keepers of the Flame of Education
Dora Ocampo Quesada and her beloveds sister Alicia Otilia Ocampo Quesada are fifth-generation descendents of a pioneer Mexican family that helped establish Wickenburg, Arizona, in 1863. Their great-great grandfather Ramón C. Valencia, who was born in Yuma in 1853 (the year of the Gadsden Purchase), cultivated a sense of place that drove the Valencia, Quesada, and Ocampo families to build families, communities, and schools in Wickenburg. The discovery of gold in 1862 and an open range ready for settlement attracted many to Wickenburg, including José Franco Quesada, a professional vaquero from La Paz, Baja California. A cowhand on the Ocampo-Valencia ranch in the
Arizona Territory during the late 1890s, he married Francisca Ocampo, the daughter of Teodoro and Mariana Ocampo, in 1918.
The Ocampo Quesada family was instrumental in establishing Wickenburg's first public school, the first St. Anthony Padua Catholic Church, and the first Wickenburg town library. They were parents to five children: Josefina, Dora, Alicia, Bernard, and Eugenio. Each child achieved great success in their professional
fields of choice, including public service, arts, education, sports, and sciences. Central to their upbringing was the emphasis their parents placed on education and service to others, while retaining their Mexican heritage, culture,
The Ocampo Quesada parents regarded education as a civic and parental responsibility, so much so that their philosophy on education was impressed upon Dora and her sister Alicia early in their childhood. As young girls growing up on an open range and within the confines of the family ranch, Dora and Alicia learned that a shared responsibility among men and women made their working ranch profitable, livable, and comfortable. They learned that it took an extended network of family and friends to blend ranch life with the future lives they would build and lead outside barbed wire, barns, and corrals. The two sisters became independent women— each in their own best way, and each in their own time and place.
Dora was born in Wickenburg in 1921, two years before her sister Alicia was born in 1923. As young girls attending Wickenburg Grammar School in the late 1920s until the mid 1930s, they both earned Award of Merit certificates for perfect attendance every school year. The sisters' love of learning and wanting to know more about the world outside Wickenburg became their trademark, and it followed them wherever they went. Those who knew them in their formative years, in their professional careers, and in their later years, understood that the Quesada sisters felt connected to Arizona's past and why they had a magical zest for life.
Dora took on the roles of nurse, teacher, political activist, and philanthropist throughout her life. She became a registered nurse in 1943. During World War II, she saw service with the U.S. Army Nurse Corps and was stationed at the White Sands Proving Ground nuclear first aid station near Alamogordo, New Mexico, and at the San Antonio Air Command Hospital, Kelly
Air Force Base in Texas. She ranked second lieutenant and was honorably discharged in 1946. She continued her nursing career in Phoenix and Mesa at the McDowell Osteopathic Hospital, the Maricopa County Hospital, the Southside District Hospital in Mesa (where she headed the newborn nursery area), and the Veterans Administration Hospital in Phoenix.
She ended her nursing career in 1958 and became a teacher, embarking on a new path at the Tempe Elementary School District 3. Dora was a reading and writing teacher at the Veda B. Frank Elementary School in Guadalupe. She also served as a union representative of the American Federation of Teachers, AFL-CIO, Local 3312. She was known as a fiery defender of teachers' rights and often accompanied fellow teachers to grievance meetings involving racial discrimination, wage disputes, or tenure. Dora also served on the Mexican American Educational Advisory Committee and chaired the Minority Elementary School Teachers Association, which promoted educational equality for minority youth. In 1971, she became a staunch defender of the educational and political rights of Yaqui and Mexican children at the Veda B. Frank Elementary School. Taking Dora's lead, the Ocampo Quesada family made a major financial contribution to help spearhead a civil rights class action lawsuit against the Tempe Elementary School District over the matter of student placement testing. Over 600 Yaqui and Mexican children had been tested and placed in special education classes based upon their "poor intelligence" and test scores. The children were not tested in their native languages, but tested in English, an apparent long-time practice at Frank school. At issue was the fact that the Arizona Department of Education paid the school approximately $300 to $600 per special education student, per year. The school stood to collect a large amount of money for maintaining special education classes. The Ocampo Quesadas' contribution made a major difference for Guadalupe, a semi-rural community of approximately 5,000 people, most of whom were Mexican American or Yaqui.
Alicia, on the other hand, embarked on a far different educational path and career than her sister Dora. She merged her talent and skills in business education, public service and civil service, and forged a remarkable record of achievement and national recognition for her work. Her business career began almost immediately after graduating from high school in 1941. She enrolled at Lamson Business College on a scholarship, and by 1943, Alicia was earning five wartime dollars per day as a stenographer for the Arizona House of Representatives, Sixteenth Legislature. She later earned more for war-related work at the Arizona Industrial Commission, the agency charged with enforcing state laws regarding the health, safety, and protection of state employees.
World War II changed the traditional notion of proper women's work, and Alicia found herself moving beyond traditional female roles. A new wave of independence prevailed, and she excelled in every position she held. As a way to serve her country in wartime, Alicia helped form the Phoenix Chapter of the United Service Organizations (USO) to provide educational and recreational activities for servicemen in their off duty hours. However, civil service was Alicia's true calling, and she found her niche within the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW), Social Security Administration. The agency became her home base for at least 30 years. Originally hired as a clerk stenographer in 1954, Alicia advanced through the administrative ranks to become a lead administrative secretary for the agency. Her work often took her to Washington, D.C., and to HEW regional offices. She assisted the U.S. Civil Service Commission HEW representatives in personnel matters and procedures and with employee selection, hiring, and training. In 1967, Alicia received the Commissioner's Citation, the Social Security Administration's highest honor. Alicia retired from her work as an administrative secretary with the Social Security Administration in 1984.
The ensuing years found Dora and Alicia embarking on a more personal mission: to preserve and promote the historical record of the Valencia, Quesada, and Ocampo families of Wickenburg. Their secondary goal was to recover Arizona's Mexican heritage, language, and culture through their work with historical societies, museums, and archives in Wickenburg, Tempe, and Phoenix. With the assistance of family members, the sisters recorded, documented, and compiled their family's written histories, original photographs, historical documents, family business records, memorabilia, and artifacts. In 1989, the family donated the Ocampo Family Papers to the Chicano Research Collection, Department of Archives and Special Collections at the Hayden Library at Arizona State University in Tempe. The collection is the largest collection of Mexican and Mexican American documents in Arizona and covers the period from 1863 to 1990. Scholars, researchers, students, writers, publishers, teachers, and professors from around the world have used the Ocampo Family Papers. As a lasting tribute to the Ocampo Quesada legacy of education, the family established the José Franco and Francisca Ocampo Quesada Student Research Scholarship at Arizona State University in 1988, an endowment to provide scholarships for undergraduate and graduate students to be used to promote advanced student research in any major or minor area of study that leads to a better understanding of the Hispanic culture and community.
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Ullmo, Jean.
Oral history interview with Jean Ullmo, 1963 January 7.
This interview was conducted as part of the Archives for the History of Quantum Physics project, which includes tapes and transcripts of oral history interviews conducted with circa 100 atomic and quantum physicists. Subjects discuss their family backgrounds, how they became interested in physics, their educations, people who influenced them, their careers including social influences on the conditions of research, and the state of atomic, nuclear, and quantum physics during the period in which they worked. Discussions of scientific matters relate to work that was done between approximately 1900 and 1930, with an emphasis on the discovery and interpretations of quantum mechanics in the 1920s. Also prominently mentioned are: Edmond H. Bauer, Eugene Bloch, Leon Bloch, Léon Brillouin, Louis de Broglie, Albert Einstein, Charles Fabry, Jacques Salomon Hadamard, Paul Langevin, Perot, Francis Henri Jean Siegfried Perrin, Boris Podolsky, A. Proca; and Ecole Polytechnique.
Born in 1906.
Bauer, Edmond.
Bloch, Eugáene, b. 1887.
Brillouin, Léon, _PHONE_.
Broglie, Louis de, _PHONE_
Einstein, Albert, _PHONE_
Hadamard, Jacques, _PHONE_.
Langevin, Paul, _PHONE_.
Perrin, Francis.
Ullmo, Jean.
Ecole polytechnique (France)
Atomic theory.
Nuclear physics.
Quantum theory.
Science -- History.
Oral histories. aat
Interviews. aat
Sound recordings. aat
Transcripts. aat
Physicists -- Interviews. lcsh
Bloch, Leon.
Fabre, Charles.
Podolsky, Boris.
Proca, A.
Kuhn, Thomas S. interviewer.
Kahan, Theo., 1904- interviewer.


Dynamic Kubelet Configuration
Dynamic Kubelet Configuration
Author: Michael Taufen (Google)
Why Dynamic Kubelet Configuration?
Kubernetes provides API-centric tooling that significantly improves workflows for managing applications and infrastructure. Most Kubernetes installations, however, run the Kubelet as a native process on each host, outside the scope of standard Kubernetes APIs.
In the past, this meant that cluster administrators and service providers could not rely on Kubernetes APIs to reconfigure Kubelets in a live cluster. In practice, this required operators to either ssh into machines to perform manual reconfigurations, use third-party configuration management automation tools, or create new VMs with the desired configuration already installed, then migrate work to the new machines. These approaches are environment-specific and can be expensive.
Dynamic Kubelet configuration gives cluster administrators and service providers the ability to reconfigure Kubelets in a live cluster via Kubernetes APIs.
What is Dynamic Kubelet Configuration?
Kubernetes v1.10 made it possible to configure the Kubelet via a beta config file API. Kubernetes already provides the ConfigMap abstraction for storing arbitrary file data in the API server.
Dynamic Kubelet configuration extends the Node object so that a Node can refer to a ConfigMap that contains the same type of config file. When a Node is updated to refer to a new ConfigMap, the associated Kubelet will attempt to use the new configuration.
How does it work?
Dynamic Kubelet configuration provides the following core features:
 - Kubelet attempts to use the dynamically assigned configuration.
 - Kubelet "checkpoints" configuration to local disk, enabling restarts without API server access.
 - Kubelet reports assigned, active, and last-known-good configuration sources in the Node status.
 - When invalid configuration is dynamically assigned, Kubelet automatically falls back to a last-known-good configuration and reports errors in the Node status.
To use the dynamic Kubelet configuration feature, a cluster administrator or service provider will first post a ConfigMap containing the desired configuration, then set each Node.Spec.ConfigSource.ConfigMap reference to refer to the new ConfigMap. Operators can update these references at their preferred rate, giving them the ability to perform controlled rollouts of new configurations.
Each Kubelet watches its associated Node object for changes. When the Node.Spec.ConfigSource.ConfigMap reference is updated, the Kubelet will "checkpoint" the new ConfigMap by writing the files it contains to local disk. The Kubelet will then exit, and the OS-level process manager will restart it. Note that if the Node.Spec.ConfigSource.ConfigMap reference is not set, the Kubelet uses the set of flags and config files local to the machine it is running on.
Once restarted, the Kubelet will attempt to use the configuration from the new checkpoint. If the new configuration passes the Kubelet's internal validation, the Kubelet will update Node.Status.Config to reflect that it is using the new configuration. If the new configuration is invalid, the Kubelet will fall back to its last-known-good configuration and report an error in Node.Status.Config.
Note that the default last-known-good configuration is the combination of Kubelet command-line flags with the Kubelet's local configuration file. Command-line flags that overlap with the config file always take precedence over both the local configuration file and dynamic configurations, for backwards-compatibility.
See the following diagram for a high-level overview of a configuration update for a single Node:
How can I learn more?
Please see the official tutorial at /docs/tasks/administer-cluster/reconfigure-kubelet/, which contains more in-depth details on user workflow, how a configuration becomes "last-known-good," how the Kubelet "checkpoints" config, and possible failure modes.


text:
The board of EWM The Netherlands has voted to make three small grants of up to €500 available to support the career development of its members. Should funds permit, more grants may be made available.
The grants form a pilot program, which will continue only if sufficient interest exists. The applications are considered on a continuous basis and upon the order received.
The purpose of the grants is to facilitate the participation of grantees to events significant to their career by covering expenses not otherwise covered by existing means. Examples of potential events can be training courses, conference attendance, collaboration visits or membership. Examples of costs that can be covered by the grants are expenses for accompanying children at events such as transportation or extra accommodation costs, expenses for additional care for children remaining behind, training fees, membership registrations, conference registrations etc.
- It is required that the applicant justifies why no other funds could be found for the proposed expense.
- Expenses must be documented by receipts.
- Members at any stage of their career may apply. The judging criteria are relevant to the applicant's career.
- Applicants are required to write a short paragraph explaining the impact of the proposed event to their career development. The budget should mention why other resources could not be secured for this expense.
Please email your applications to EWM The Netherlands at _EMAIL_


looking to stock their shelves with the most popular products and there's no denying rosin edibles are well on their way to achieving that status.
How to Make Your Own Rosin Edibles
If your dispensary doesn't have any options at the ready, making your own solventless edibles at home is always an option! Preparing homemade edibles with rosin is a great way to make use of extra rosin on hand, increase the effectiveness of mid-tier rosin, or simply just dial in a strain you want that's not currently offered in stores! Check out the video below to learn how you can make your own potent yet delicious solventless edibles from the comfort of your own home!
Remember, as long as you remember to decarboxylate your rosin the sky is truly the limit for what you can make. Once you get the hang of things, it's pretty easy to use rosin for all your favorite edible preparations!
Solventless Tinctures
Consuming cannabis via tincture offers some unique advantages over other methods, depending on the consumer's goals and circumstances. In general, consuming by tincture can be used to sidestep many of the drawbacks of other delivery methods. There's no smoking or combustion involved, so it avoids taxing the lungs, yet can uptake in 20-30 minutes, so it won't take as long as an edible for effects to kick in. Tinctures can be made with variable potency or ratios of CBD to THC, making them capable of covering similar needs as either concentrate or low-dose cannabis depending on how they are made.
Due to their overall lower health impact, tinctures are one of the most prevalent preparations for health-conscious consumers and are typically permitted by even the strictest medical cannabis programs.
Solventless-based tinctures carry many of the same benefits as solventless edibles, having superior strains and starting material, a wider flavor profile, and the purity of being chemical-free. The last quality is especially ideal for medical marijuana patients who may have stricter dietary concerns, and be more sensitive to any unnatural ingredients.
Though many tinctures are made using alcohol, solventless tinctures tend to make use of MCT oil (medium-chain triglycerides, which allow for optimal bonding with fat-soluble THC) derived from coconut or palm kernels.
A cannabis tincture
Tinctures have the lowest health impact of all consumption methods. photo credit
For non-medical consumers, solventless tinctures are still desirable and are often anecdotally described as having stronger effects, while maintaining a clearer head (likely for the same reasons mentioned previously, a more robust entourage effect and fewer degraded cannabinoids). Tinctures already embody the purity of cannabis by eliminating barriers that other preparations face, and elevating them to the realm of solventless products has divine results.
Solventless Tincture Brands to Look For
The landscape surrounding solventless tinctures is still growing. As such, more and more products will continue to come online as demand grows. Check out some reputable products below to get started!
Be Sure to Check Out:
How to Make Your Own Rosin Tinctures
While there are some options available in the market, finding solventless cannabis in tincture form is still a bit rare. However, turning rosin into a tincture is a very simple process that you can do at home!
Begin by decarb-ing your rosin in the oven using the method seen in the edibles video above. As mentioned, decarboxylation converts the THC-A to THC so that it is bioavailable. For one gram of rosin, the percentage of THC listed on the packaging will help you to determine potency. Take the percentage and multiply it by 10 to get the milligram amount of THC. Thus 1 gram of rosin with 70% THC will be 700mg of THC.
Steps For Making and Consuming a Solventless Tincture:
 1. Combine your decarboxylated rosin with 1 cup MCT oil
 2. Determine your desired dose size (For reference, a standard tincture bottle holds 29.5ml, and a cup has about 236ml, and 1mL=1,000mg. "Solve for x" as they say.)
 3. Start slow, calculate effectiveness
 4. Increase dose slowly as needed until desired palliative effects are met
In this scenario, you can reduce the amount of MCT oil used as well to make the mixture more or less potent overall. Just keep in mind how many ml are at play and the math equation to determine potency should remain the same!
Solventless Topicals
Your skin is the largest organ of your body (wild!) and is replete with cannabinoid receptors. While topical solventless preparations won't get you high, they can help with pain, inflammation, and a number of skin ailments. The broad and well-preserved cannabinoid profiles of solventless products make them an excellent choice as a base for topical applications while avoiding the chemical solvents known to dry out skin (such as alcohol).
Solventless Cannabis and Skincare
Today's high-end beauty and skincare products understand the vital role that our skin plays in our lives, and in turn, focuses on purity to make the best products while protecting our vital organs. Cannabis topicals made with solventless concentrate mirror this ethos perfectly. For those with sensitive skin or using cannabis topicals to treat a skin condition, removing all chemicals and potential irritants is vital to ensuring that the product is effective, and doesn't worsen the situation.
Cannabis-infused lotion
While cannabis-infused topicals will not necessarily get you high, you will still receive plenty of benefits from applying them. photo credit
With solventless preparations, there is no worry about unnatural compounds. The resulting balms and lotions have only plant-based ingredients, and, as mentioned, the best available cannabis plants at that. Better preserved cannabinoids and terpenes mean more for your skin to uptake, ultimately making for a more efficient product as well.
How to Make Your Own Solventless Topicals
Similar to making tinctures, you'll start by decarboxylating the rosin. This can be done at home in the oven at 230-250° F. Put your gram of rosin in a glass measuring cup with 2 teaspoons of coconut oil, cover with foil, and place in the oven for 30-40 minutes. Allow the rosin and the oil to melt together, occasionally agitating the covered cup to break down any chunks of rosin, and ensure even distribution.
Leave the mixture in the oven until tiny bubbles start to form, (this may take longer than 30-40 minutes, but shouldn't be left for too long). Once the bubbles stop, remove the measuring cup from the oven (careful, it will be hot) and allow it to cool with the foil on until you can comfortably touch it. Once cool, remove the foil and lightly swirl to mix. At this point, you have the option of adding in a few drops of essential oil such as eucalyptus or lavender to enhance the aroma and benefits of your balm. Lightly swirl the glass to combine the drops of essential oil with your mixture, you can also stir with a metal spoon.
Pour the liquid into the container(s) that you want your balm in. The container that the rosin came in works well, but be sure to clean it with alcohol first because it's usually sticky. Similarly, you can reuse cosmetic containers if you have any, but be sure to clean them out first as well.
Once you have filled your containers place them on a plate and set it in the freezer or fridge until hardened. After it solidifies, your balm is ready for use! For maximum effectiveness, storing your balm in the fridge can help to keep it solid, and better preserve the cannabinoids.
Why You Should Try High-Quality Solventless Cannabis Products
Though we've discussed the refinement, superior materials, and overall value of top-of-the-line solventless cannabis products, the essential question remains, why should I try them?
It is likely that if you're reading this, you have some level of experience with other cannabis products and enjoy them already. Cannabis is enjoyable in many forms, and the option of higher-quality solventless products doesn't automatically invalidate those other preparations. However, it does have the tendency to make them pale in comparison.
Rosin on parchment paper after press
Once you experience the purity and flavor from solventless extractions, you'll never want to go back! photo credit
Many who try solventless products find it difficult to go back, and that's because there's such a significant leap in the overall quality. And among solventless preparations, the best has a similar gap when compared to the rest. Live harvesting, flash freezing, selective breeding and growing, careful separation of trichome heads, all of these carefully executed steps truly do add up. The resulting products are unlike any other.
If you're looking for a wholly different experience with cannabis, one a bit more elevated and complex, give solventless a try. There is a transformative quality to it, that not only exemplifies the genre it belongs to but expands it, like discovering good whiskey or cheese. It makes you sit back and go, "oh, this is what cannabis can be."
How to Get Started With High-Quality Solventless Products Today
Exploring the world of solventless cannabis products has never been easier. Check if your local dispensary carries any of the high-quality options mentioned throughout this guide, from premium rosin and crystal water hash to topicals and edibles. Depending on


Frank: A Musical Journey
What Music Did Frank Sinatra Listen to?
When Frank Sinatra was once on the Tonight Show, Johnny Carson joked asking him, "When you're in a romantic mood and you're trying to make out, whose records do you put on?" Of course Johnny was referring to how Ol' Blue Eyes' voice could make a lady swoon, but it begs the question, What music did Frank Sinatra listen to?
While someone like Bing Crosby, who Frank idolized as a boy, would be the obvious choice, it turns out to be something rather different, but not entirely surprising when you think about it: Italian opera. The Voice's favorite composers were the big two when considering operatic music from Sinatra's homeland, Giuseppe Verdi and Giacomo Puccini.
Verdi started life poor and worked his way up through his musical talents. Although his biographer states in his introduction that from what he's learned about his subject, "I do not very much like the man Verdi," but he admires his integrity. Verdi may have had good reason to show some bitterness, having had his wife and two children die while he was still quite young. Given Sinatra's personal troubles and emotiveness, perhaps he could identify a little or sense something in the music.
Puccini was born into a musical dynasty, so it would seem his occupation was essentially predetermined, and he did not disappoint. Still, his life wasn't without turmoil and hardships. He suffered serious injury in a 1903 car accident and his love-life caused many problems as he took part in a number of extramarital affairs. Frank may have understood a thing to two about these.
Sinatra was a very impassioned and sentimental man; it makes perfect sense that he would be drawn to a genre as theatrical and almost over-the-top in its portrayal of human emotion as opera. I have no difficulty picturing Frank seated in a big chair, Jack Daniel's whiskey in hand, with the music turned up while La Boheme or Aida regaled him.


text:
ZTE in partnership with Ansaldo STS has completed a communication-based train control (CBTC) over LTE test. Ansaldo STS, which specialises in the global signalling and integrated transport systems markets for both passengers (railway/mass transit) and freight, provided the CBTC signalling equipment, while ZTE provided the LTE equipment and devices required for the test.
The test result shows that ZTE's LTE technology met the requirement of CBTC. The test covered scenarios such as static condition, handover, failover and load with static and dynamic configuration.
The key performance indicators (for example, packet loss, latency, maximal number of users, system start-up and shutdown time) fully comply with the requirement of CBTC transmission, ZTE said.
Prior to the lab test, ZTE and Ansaldo STS had already verified CBTC over LTE in the Hangzhou Metro (pictured) using the automatic train operation (ATO) mode. This field verification confirmed that key performance indicators, such as packet loss and latency, fully met the requirement of CBTC.
LTE is being touted as a possible successor to the widely used GSM-R communication-based train control system used on European railways. However, with new GSM-R systems still being deployed, LTE is not expected to be widely used in Europe for at least a decade if not longer.


text:
Powered by the optimal experience of FLOW during Earthaware workshops, our charged neurons activate deep in the Hippocampus of our brains unlocking primary learning channels often forgotten in today's teaching programs.
Our partnership with InventioBrains brings the Earthaware workshop process to the cutting edge of brain research. We will be running a series of controlled and measured programs for kids this summer in the Los Angeles area where groups will be led through Spatial Recognition challenges before, during and after the Earthaware experiences. Results will be shared with educational curriculum writers. The intent is to identify best practices and methods to enhance and make more enjoyable the tasks of learning.
Sign up on the InventioBrains website for updates, brain games and a direct line on what's next in understanding a most cherished organ: the brain


Brendan Enrick
Daily Software Development
Try Writing Try Methods
When I say "Try Methods", I am of course referring to the common prefix "Try" on a method, which implies that the method is going to attempt to do what you're asking by using an output parameter for the operation and using the return value to indicate whether the attempt succeeded.
The common ones that people see in the.NET Framework are the TryParse methods, which attempt to parse something and if it can't be parse, they assign the default value to the output parameter and return false. If the succeed, the parsed value will be placed in the output parameter and the return value will be true. If the code failed, the convention is to use the type's default value to assign to the output parameter. This lets you write code like this:
int someNumber;
int.TryParse(userInput, out someNumber);
// use the number entered or the default 0
int result = 1 + someNumber;
This is also great when you're going to be checking whether the method succeeded. In fact, you can use the try method directly in the if block, which usually makes things nice and clean. Here is an example of using them like that:
int someNumber;
if (int.TryParse(userInput, out someNumber))
 // Do something with someNumber
 // Invalid input: handle this case accordingly
Yes, you know all of this and have seen it before, however, are you writing these types of methods yourself or is your only experience with them the standard TryParse ones?
What I am trying to emphasize here is that you need to write your own Try methods in your code. You will thank yourself later.
Everyone can see the obvious benefit of not having to check for the default value to see if it the method worked. You also don't have to have ugly Try-Catch logic in your code. You get an if statement instead.
The real benefit of a writing a Try method has nothing to do with what I've already said. The most important benefit, in my opinion, is that you have a return value from it that isn't the value you are using for your logic. By having this return value for its success, you have to decide on how to handle the case where it failed.
There are important cases that might be forgotten, but having a return value means that I need to handle the return value. When I have it, I need to decide what to do with it. There may be a message I need to display to a user. There may be logging I need to do. I might be able to ignore that case. What is important, however, is that I thought about how to handle it. I had the chance to make sure that I handled the case correctly.
Create your own "Try" methods. I recommend looking into creating your own "TryParse", "TryGet", TryDelete", and anything else that has a chance of failure that you may want to handle.
Parameter Order Should Be Consistent
I was looking at a piece of code recently and noticed that someone was checking for a null parameter and throwing an ArgumentException, so I figured since ArgumentNullException inherits from ArgumentException I would just replace it with the more specific exception. Little did I know that Microsoft has a wee little bit of a problem with consistency on these.
With ArgumentExceptions it is important to have a message as well as specify which parameter is causing the trouble, so there are 2 string parameters in the ArgumentException constructor. What you might not know if you haven't switched one to the other is that they changed the order of those parameters. What I mean is that you call them like this.
throw new ArgumentException("The Message", "paramName");
throw new ArgumentNullException("paramName", "The Message");
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("paramName", "The Message");
How can they possibly switch those?!?! If I am not mistaken the lower two exceptions actually inherit from the first one, so it is quite surprising that the ordering was not maintained in the second two. I need to keep an eye out for other such inconsistencies while I am working. They obviously can't easily fix it now, because too much code depends on the current ordering. I try to maintain consistence parameter ordering, but I am also not working on a framework.
.NET 3.5 is Open Source
Some very surprising news has come from Scott Guthrie in a recent blog post he has made. Visual Studio 2008 and.NET 3.5 will be shipping with the source for the base class libraries. As with a lot of the recent technology coming from Microsoft, the source code is open and not hidden away.
In the past, tools like Reflector have allowed developers to see what is going on within those libraries. These tools will no longer be as necessary. This source code is being released under the Microsoft Reference License (MS-RL). It seems Microsoft has started a new trend for itself in releasing its source code.
Debugging will now become much much easier with this code being open source. In the past developers have not been able to step into any of the base class libraries. Now that the source is open for everyone to see, people are able to go in and step through this code. This should make debugging much easier and better.
I think this is great that Microsoft is releasing more source code to the general public.
Happy coding.


Retailers: Log in for price
ScrumBrawl is a board game where players control fantastic creatures vying for supremacy within the Arena, scoring goals by maneuvering various types of enchanted orbs into portals set within the Arena or fighting other creatures to the death to prevent them from reaching the portals. The 100-card deck contains fifty creatures with different characteristics that determine how the creature interacts with the orbs (throw accuracy, catching ability, and throwing range), how fast a creature can move, and how effective it is in battle. Many creatures also have unique magic abilities that can be used to manipulate gameplay.
When players summon creatures, corresponding creature tokens (miniature cards that stand erect in cardstands) enter the 20x20 square gameboard, known as the Arena, where the orb and portal tokens await the contestants. In a four-player game, players may compete in teams of two. Goals are scored by creatures that maneuver an orb token onto a portal token by picking up, carrying, handing off, and throwing the orb with their creature tokens.
Enchantment cards can be played on creatures to grant them enhanced stats or new abilities as well as make them hardier in combat. Event cards, such a Lightning Storms or Fumbles can change the flow the game in seconds forcing players to constantly rethink their strategies for scoring or engaging in combat.
2-4 players. 60 minute playing time.
Publisher: VicTim Games


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Top 5 Business Advantages to Hiring Remote Employees
Over the last several years, more employers have started allowing employees to work remotely. The concept started as a way to give local employees the freedom to work from home one or more days a week instead of driving into the office. Today, many employers are looking for highly-skilled employees that require them to look outside the local labor pool. Hiring remote employees can be a great way to fill those high-skill needs.
Top 5 business advantages to hiring remote employees
 1. Lower office costs. No need to lease office space for remote employees and your employees can live in lower-cost areas if they choose.
 2. Increased productivity. It's a misconception that employees who work remotely get less work done. Offices are full of distractions!
 3. A limitless talent pool. When you hire remotely you have access to talent in every country of the world.
 4. Expanded business hours. With employees working in different time zones, customer service hours can be extended.
 5. Happier employees. Employees who work remotely are happier because they save time and money on commuting, they have more flexibility in their work schedule and they don't feel micro-managed. Happy employees are much more likely to stay with a company long-term which means a higher retention rate.
Tips for a successful remote company
There are several things that business owners can do to run a successful remote company:
 1. Set up a central way for team members and managers to communicate. Slack is a popular option.
 2. Use Google Docs to make it much easier for employees to share information and work on projects together.
 3. Plan for more administrative work. Employees in multiple states can mean dealing with several sets of labor laws.
 4. Schedule regular video or phone conference meetings to keep employees in the loop and feeling connected to the business. Try to find the most convenient time that accommodates employees in different time zones.
Regulatory compliance issues when hiring remote workers from other states
Before hiring remote employees from other states, employers should consider these HR factors:
 1. Find the Department of Labor (DOL) rules on how to pay employees in their home state. This research includes identifying the minimum wage in the state and city they live in, overtime rules, frequency of payday laws, how to calculate payroll taxes and payroll deductions and how paychecks need to be delivered. Insist that your payroll provider is following the regulations from the first paycheck.
 2. Make a plan for how you will track and stay compliant with regulatory changes in each employee's state.
 3. Know each state's employment rules and regulations. This list includes issues around sick pay, leaves of absences, breaks, anti-discrimination laws, employment paperwork, notices and signage requirements, COBRA, drug testing, worker's compensation insurance and employee benefits.
Employers can research and track changes to labor laws on their own (keeping in mind that many cities and counties have their own laws), hire an employment attorney, or partner with a PEO who can help a business handle government compliance.
Partnering with Makai HR
Looking for a way to stay in compliance with employee government regulations in multiple states? We've got you covered through HR outsourcing! When you partner with Makai HR you can get on with the business you are trying to grow while we take care of your employee needs from 401(k) plans to payroll, taxes, health insurance/benefits, and worker's compensation. You also gain peace of mind that you are in compliance with all of Hawaii's employer laws (if you've ever looked you know that the list is very long). When choosing a PEO to partner with, there are many things to consider including cost, services and technology solutions.
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text:
You can speed up the access to nodes of a large Info file by giving it a tags table. Unlike the tags table for a program, the tags table for an Info file lives inside the file itself and is used automatically whenever Info reads in the file.
To make a tags table, go to a node in the file using Emacs Info mode and type
M-x Info-tagify. Then you must use C-x C-s to save the
file. Info files produced by the
makeinfo command that is part
of the Texinfo package always have tags tables to begin with.
Once the Info file has a tags table, you must make certain it is up
to date. If you edit an Info file directly (as opposed to editing its
Texinfo source), and, as a result of deletion of text, any node moves back
more than a thousand characters in the file from the position
recorded in the tags table, Info will no longer be able to find that
node. To update the tags table, use the
An Info file tags table appears at the end of the file and looks like this:
^_^L Tag Table: File: info, Node: Cross-refs^?21419 File: info, Node: Tags^?22145 ^_ End Tag Table
Note that it contains one line per node, and this line contains the beginning of the node's header (ending just after the node name), a 'DEL' character, and the character position in the file of the beginning of the node.


The Corona Simulator
The Corona Simulator
In this guide we'll walk through the basic functionality of the Corona Simulator.
There are three files that will launch the simulator. Two are meant to be run from the terminal, and the other by itself. The terminal-launched versions will give you access to the debugger as well as display any errors that may occur. These three files are named 'Corona Simulator', 'simulator' and 'debugger'.
To launch the Corona Simulator, simply double click its icon. In the dialog that appears, navigate to your project directory and click "Open".
The project simulator itself has all the similar features across the three versions mentioned earlier:
 - Re-launching: If you modify your code, rather than restarting the simulator, you can relaunch from within the simulator by either going to 'File' and choosing 'Relaunch' or typing 'command-R'. If you've saved the changes to your main.lua file, you will now see the latest version in the simulator.
 - Video Recording: if you want to show off your app or need to demonstrate a functionality or a bug, you can record a video of it at 15fps. To access this, go to the 'File' menu and select 'Record Video' or hit 'control-R'. You will then be prompted for a file name and location to save your video. Once you have done this, your video will start recording. To stop, simply go back to the 'File' menu and select 'Stop Recording' or 'control-S'. The file is saved in quicktime format.
 - Accelerometer Control: You can change the simulated orientation of the device or send a 'shake' command by accessing the 'Hardware' menu, or by pressing 'Command' along with the left, right, or up arrows.
 - Suspend: You can suspend your simulation at any time by accessing the 'Hardware' menu and selecting 'Suspend' or 'Command' and the down arrow. This will pause your project's simulation. To resume, access the 'Hardware' menu again and select 'Resume' or press 'Command' and the down arrow again.
To access the terminal launch versions, simply drag either the 'simulator' or 'debugger' to the terminal and hit 'Return', or double-click them to launch a terminal window automatically. Both will ask you to navigate to your project directory and click "Open". The debugger requires a command in order to begin. Type 'help' at the prompt for a list of those commands.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I'm trying to build a high-performance distributed system with Akka and Scala.
If a message requesting an expensive (and side-effect-free) computation arrives, and the exact same computation has already been requested before, I want to avoid computing the result again. If the computation requested previously has already completed and the result is available, I can cache it and re-use it.
However, the time window in which duplicate computation can be requested may be arbitrarily small. e.g. I could get a thousand or a million messages requesting the same expensive computation at the same instant for all practical purposes.
There is a commercial product called Gigaspaces that supposedly handles this situation.
However there seems to be no framework support for dealing with duplicate work requests in Akka at the moment. Given that the Akka framework already has access to all the messages being routed through the framework, it seems that a framework solution could make a lot of sense here.
Here is what I am proposing for the Akka framework to do: 1. Create a trait to indicate a type of messages (say, "ExpensiveComputation" or something similar) that are to be subject to the following caching approach. 2. Smartly (hashing etc.) identify identical messages received by (the same or different) actors within a user-configurable time window. Other options: select a maximum buffer size of memory to be used for this purpose, subject to (say LRU) replacement etc. Akka can also choose to cache only the results of messages that were expensive to process; the messages that took very little time to process can be re-processed again if needed; no need to waste precious buffer space caching them and their results. 3. When identical messages (received within that time window, possibly "at the same time instant") are identified, avoid unnecessary duplicate computations. The framework would do this automatically, and essentially, the duplicate messages would never get received by a new actor for processing; they would silently vanish and the result from processing it once (whether that computation was already done in the past, or ongoing right then) would get sent to all appropriate recipients (immediately if already available, and upon completion of the computation if not). Note that messages should be considered identical even if the "reply" fields are different, as long as the semantics/computations they represent are identical in every other respect. Also note that the computation should be purely functional, i.e. free from side-effects, for the caching optimization suggested to work and not change the program semantics at all.
If what I am suggesting is not compatible with the Akka way of doing things, and/or if you see some strong reasons why this is a very bad idea, please let me know.
Thanks, Is Awesome, Scala
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2 Answers
What you are asking is not dependent on the Akka framework but rather it's how you architect your actors and messages. First ensuring that your messages are immutable and have an appropriately defined identities via the equals/hashCode methods. Case classes give you both for free however if you have actorRefs embedded in the message for reply purposes you will have to override the identity methods. The case class parameters should also have the same properties recursively (immutable and proper identity).
Secondly you need to figure out how the actors will handle storing and identifying current/past computations. The easiest is to uniquely map requests to actors. This way that actor and only that actor will ever process that specific request. This can be done easily given a fixed set of actors and the hashCode of the request. Bonus points if the actor set is supervised where the supervisor is managing the load balancing/mapping and replacing failed actors ( Akka makes this part easy ).
Finally the actor itself can maintain a response caching behavior based on the criteria you described. Everything is thread safe in the context of the actor so a LRU cache keyed by the request itself ( good identity properties remember ) is easy with any type of behavior you want.
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As Neil says, this is not really framework functionality, it's rather trivial to implement this and even abstract it into it's own trait.
trait CachingExpensiveThings { self: Actor =>
 val cache =...
 def receive: Actor.Receive = {
 case s: ExpensiveThing => cachedOrCache(s)
 def cacheOrCached(s: ExpensiveThing) = cache.get(s) match {
 case null => val result = compute(s)
 case cached => self.reply_?)(cached)
 def compute(s: ExpensiveThing): Any
class MyExpensiveThingCalculator extends Actor with CachingExpensiveThings {
 def compute(s: ExpensiveThing) = {
 case l: LastDigitOfPi =>...
 case ts: TravellingSalesman =>...
share|improve this answer
I've also calculated the last digit of Pi, what did you make it to be? ;p – Noel Kennedy Nov 16 '12 at 15:08
The last one is π – Viktor Klang Nov 17 '12 at 0:04
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Your Answer


By Balazs Scheidler
1. Introduction
One of the most neglected area of Unix is handling system events. Daily checks for system messages is crucial for the security and health conditions of a computer system.
System logs contain much "noise" - messages which have no importance - and on the contrary important events, which should not be lost in the load of messages. With current tools it's difficult to select which messages we are interested in.
A message is sent to different destinations based on the assigned facility/priority pair. There are 12+8 (12 real and 8 local) predefined facilities (mail, news, auth etc.), and 8 different priorities (ranging from alert to debug).
One problem is that there are facilities which are too general (daemon), and these facilities are used by many programs, even if they do not relate each other. It is difficult to find the interesting bits from the enourmous amount of messages.
A second problem is that there are very few programs which allow setting their "facility code" to log under. It's at best a compile time parameter.
So using facilities as a means of filtering is not the best way. For it to be a good solution would require runtime option for all applications, which specifies the log facility to log under, and the ability to create new facilities in syslogd. Neither of these are available, and the first is neither feasible.
One of the design principles of syslog-ng was to make message filtering much more fine-grained. syslog-ng is able to filter messages based on the contents of messages in addition to the priority/facility pair. This way only the messages we are really interested in get to a specific destination. Another design principle was to make logforwarding between firewalled segments easier: long hostname format, which makes it easy to find the originating and chain of forwarding hosts even if a log message traverses several computers. And last principle was a clean and powerful configuration file format.
This article tries to give you an overview on syslog-ng's internals, for more detailed information see _URL_ and select the documentation link.
2. Message paths
In syslog-ng a message path (or message route) consist of one or more sources, one or more filtering rules and one or more destinations (sinks). A message is entered to syslog-ng in one of its sources, if that message matches the filtering rules it goes out using one of the destinations.
2.1. Sources
A source is a collection of source drivers, which collect messages using a given method. For instance there's a source driver for AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM style sockets, which is used by the Linux syslog() call.
Different platforms use different means of sending log messages to the logging daemon, and to be useful on all operating systems, syslog-ng has support for the most common methods. Tested support exists for Linux, BSDi, experimental support exists for Solaris (as of version 1.1.22)
2.2. Destinations
A destination is a message sink, where log is sent if filtering rules match. Similarly to sources, destinations may include several drivers which define how messages are dispatched.
For instance there's a file driver, which writes messages to the given file, but support exists to send messages to unix, udp and tcp sockets as well.
2.3. Filters
Filters perform log routing inside syslog-ng. You can write a boolean expression using internal functions, which has to evaluate to true for the message to pass.
An expression may contain the operators "and", "or" and "not", and the following functions:
Each of the above functions check the corresponding field of a log message for matching (e.g. program() checks whether the given program sent the message, or not). You can use extended regular expressions for matching.
2.4. Log statements
Now you have sources, destinations and filters. To connect these together you need the log statement:
log { source s1; source s2;...
 filter f1; filter f2;...
 destination d1; destination d2;... };
Messages coming from any of the listed sources, and matching against all the listed filters (which effectively ANDs them) are sent to all of the listed destinations.
3. Example configuration
This configuration file shows the possibilities and features of syslog-ng. It receives messages from the network, and also handles local messages. Three distinct output files are used: one for the messages from sendmail, a second for messages coming from host1, and a third for messages coming from host2.
options { long_hostnames(on); sync(0); };
source src { udp,514; unix-stream /dev/log; internal; };
filter f_sendmail { program("sendmail"); };
filter f_host1 { host("host1"); };
filter f_host2 { host("host2"); };
destination sendmail { file /var/log/sendmail; };
destination host1 { file /var/log/host1; };
destination host2 { file /var/log/host2; };
log { source src; filter f_sendmail; destination sendmail; };
log { source src; filter f_host1; destination host1; };
log { source src; filter f_host2; destination host2; };
4. References
Syslog-ng is a product of BalaBit Computing, and is distributed under the GPL. If you are interested, please visit _URL_.
Copyright © 1999, Balazs Scheidler
Published in Issue 43 of Linux Gazette, July 1999


text:
4 x 2 3/4 inches (10.2 x 7 cm)
The MFAH, The Rienzi Collection, bequest of Caroline A. Ross
An inscription on a slip of paper found behind J. T. Mitchell's sweet portrait of two young children identifies the sitters as the twins Elizabeth Mary and Augustus William Hillary.
As was typical for the time, the twins are depicted wearing almost identical clothing--long muslin dresses with blue ribbon sashes. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, both boys and girls wore skirts until male children were "breeched," or given trousers to wear, at some point between the ages of 4 and 6. The artist has taken care to distinguish their genders: Elizabeth, her head covered by a lace bonnet, cradles a fluffy lapdog in her arms while Augustus gathers his sister in a protective embrace. The miniature's excellent state preserves the original coloration of the children's rosy cheeks and dramatic blue background.


text:
See what questions
a doctor would ask.
Tongue bruise (symptom description): Tongue bruise is listed as a type of or related-symptom for symptom Tongue symptoms.
Tongue bruise (symptom description): For a medical symptom description of 'Tongue bruise', the following symptom information may be relevant to the symptoms: Tongue symptoms (type of symptom). However, note that other causes of the symptom 'Tongue bruise' may be possible.
Research the causes of these symptoms that are more broader types of symptom than Tongue bruise:
More information on symptom: Tongue symptoms:
Research related medical symptoms or conditions such as:
Search Specialists by State and City


Cold Hands and Feet Topic Guide
Cold Hands and Feet Cold Hands and Feet: When parts of your body get too cold, like your hands, feet, and sometimes other parts of the body, especially your ears and nose, they can be injured or react in different ways. Symptoms and signs of cold hands and feet include loss of sensation, numbness, tingling, itching, burning, unusual color of the affected area, and blistering. Types of cold injury include: frostbite, frostnip, immersion, pernio, Raynaud's phenomenon, cryoglobulins, and cold urticaria. The best treatment is rapid rewarming in the emergency department.


text:
Prof Brian Derby - personal details
Role: Professor Of Material Science
Tel: 0161 _PHONE_
Materials Science Building-D18
School of Materials
The University of Manchester
Brian Derby is Professor of Materials Science in the School of Materials. He is based in the Materials Science centre. His research spans three of the research groups within the School of Materials: ceramics and glasses, biomaterials, nanostructured materials.
Brian graduated in Natural Sciences from Cambridge University in 1978 and obtained his PhD, also from Cambridge, in 1981. He spent 1 year working at the Centre d'Etudes Nucleaire de Grenoble as an ESA Fellow before spending 2 years in Cambridge University Engineering Department as a Research Fellow. He was in the University of Oxford, Department of Materials from 1983 -1998 as a Research Fellow, Lecturer and Reader in Materials Engineering, where he was Director of the Oxford Centre for Advanced Materials and Composites. He was appointed Professor in Materials Science at the Materials Science Centre in 1999. He was elected a member of the World Academy of Ceramics in 2004.
Brian Derby's research interests span a wide range with a focus on the processing-structure-mechanical properties relation in ceramics and glasses, biomaterials and nanostructured materials. Recently he has been at the forefront of research into the development of inkjet printing as a manufacturing tool. He has particular interest in developing methods of characterising materials and processes in situ. Much of this work has been carried out collaborating with industry and other research groups across the world.
- Biomedical inkjet printing
- High frequency acoustic characterization of age-related changes in mechanical properties of tissue
- Manufacture of Bio-Functional Components by Freeform Fabrication
- Mechanical properties of nanofibres and nanostructured metals


text:
Female Famers Learn Improved Raisin Drying Techniques
Women are a crucial but typically unrecognized and underserved force in Afghanistan's economy. While farming is generally a male-dominated area, women are involved in virtually all farming activities through their work in households, stables and gardens. The Roots of Peace CHAMP program in Afghanistan works with female farmers to empower them with the knowledge and skills necessary to improve the quality of their orchards and crops. One such program is that of raising drying. Traditionally in Afghansitan, grapes are dried on bare ground or sometimes on mats under the sun, turning their color brown. Shade drying, a method taught by the Roots of Peace CHAMP program, helps retain the raisins' fresh green color, which are highly sought in the market. As raisin drying is a task often accomplished by women, ROP has made this a special priority in its women's training courses. During September, CHAMP trained 305 female farmers and grape producers in Parwan and Kabul provinces. The training covered basic food safety and drying methods so that farmers can improve the quality of their raisin product and earn a higher price for them.
One such method uses a mixture of potassium, paraffin oil and water to reduce drying time from 4-5 weeks to 8-14 days. As raisins dry, there is a rapid rise in sugar concentration which inhibits the action of enzymes, resulting in the color darkening to brown. Grapes treated with the potassium carbonate mixture maintain a low sugar concentration throughout the drying process, helping the grapes retain their green color. As a result, farmers and their families are able to sell their raisins for a higher price in the international market and continue to improve their incomes and quality of life.


text:
Doing Education Research at NYU
This guide is meant to give an overview of materials and resources available at the NYU library for researchers in Educational Leadership. Use the tabs above to find useful resources for finding articles, background information, and more.
Ready to jump in? Here are the top 5 things to know about starting your research in Education
Article literature is expansively indexed by the two main databases in the education field, ERIC and Education Fulltext. Search them simultaneously by going to Education Full Text with ERIC
Get background information by using the classic subject encyclopedia in the field, The Encyclopedia of Education
Statistical information is often central to educational research. Visit the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) to find data on all facets of education
Managing all the materials you find is a key to success. Use a tool like RefWorks to save, organize and output all those citations.
Ask me when you get stuck! I'm here to help you with your research needs, just use one of the contact modes to the right to get help


text:
A Study of Neurocognitive Function in Children Treated for ALL
The study is being done to determine the effects, if any, of methotrexate, on learning skills and memory. Participants in this study have been diagnosed with Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL). In this treatment study, subjects (people on the study) were randomized (randomized means assigned randomly like the flip of a coin, but it is done by a computer so no one will know what treatment you will receive) between two different treatment arms that compare different ways to give the chemotherapy, methotrexate. Methotrexate was given in a two month long phase of treatment called Interim Maintenance. This study will also determine: 1) Whether rare, sudden side effects of leukemia therapy, such as seizures, are associated with learning difficulties and; 2) Whether certain genetic traits (qualities of your DNA that make you unique) are associated with the possibility of methotrexate side effects. The overall goal of this study is to evaluate the potential toxicity associated with methotrexate in more detail.
Back to Clinical Trials list


text:
Cazenovia Creek Streambank Stabilization – Joint Board 27R
Erie County Soil and Water Conservation District
Basin Program Funds:
The project site is located on the East Branch of Cazenovia Creek, off Highway NY16 in the town of Holland. Approximately 200 feet of streambank at the outside bend of a meander is severely eroding. This erosion is occurring at the upstream end of the Erie and Wyoming County Joint Board project site 27-R. A large gravel bar has accumulated on the opposite bank that directs water towards the eroding bank. If the erosion is allowed to continue the remaining portion of the project is in jeopardy of being undermined and subsequently failing. Larger joint board sites and a highway bridge are located less than 2,000 feet downstream. Annual trout stocking takes place 4,000 feet downstream of the site. The stream has excellent angling opportunities which may be hindered by increased sediments from erosion. The continued erosion is jeopardizing active farmland and prime farm soils.
The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation 1996 Priority Water Bodies List (segment ID 0103-0009) designates the east branch of Cazenovia Creek as a class C (T) stream and identifies the primary use impairment as fish propagation. The primary pollutant is sediment. The primary source of sediment is streambank erosion. A remediation strategy exists but funding is needed. Cazenovia Creek has a drainage area of 135 square miles and joins the Buffalo River within a designated Area of Concern, as identified in the Lake Erie Management Plan. The Buffalo River joins Lake Erie near the mouth of the Niagara River. A Buffalo River Remedial Action Plan strategy has been developed with goals of remediating bottom sediments, and continuing ongoing programs to manage nonpoint source pollution and improve fish and wildlife habitat. The Lake Erie Management Plan acknowledges that sediment is impairing five of 14 beneficial uses of the stream, including restrictions on fish and wildlife consumption and dredging activities. Cazenovia Creek is listed as a high-priority stream in the Erie County Water Quality Coordinating Committee's Water Quality Strategy.
This project will stabilize the streambank by using strictly bioengineering techniques. The completed project will also be used as a learning tool to educate local municipalities and other conservation districts on the importance of erosion control in the area. The project will incorporate a heavy rock toe with 1V: 2H side slopes. A 100-cubic-yard gravel bar will be removed and the stream thalweg (the line defining the lowest points along the length of a river bed) will be relocated within a defined "V" at the middle of the stream over a distance of 200 linear feet. The new channel will be placed 20 feet south of the existing thalweg, which is at the toe of slope. The side slopes will be planted with live stakes and rooted cuttings of streamco willows and red osier dogwoods. The top portions of the bank will be planted with a rye/fescue seed mix as a filter to the stream.
In December 2002, 170 feet of rock riprap plus a 15 foot key upstream and downstream were installed. Additionally, gravel bar material was placed behind a 60-foot sycamore which had fallen into the stream and was acting as a deflector. Total bank stabilization length is 230 feet. In May, 2003 streamco willow stakes within rock and top of bank were planted. Wattles were added in the gravel bar behind the fallen tree and disturbed areas were seeded.
This project was a joint project with project number 09-02-14, Cazenovia Creek Streambank Stabilization - Joint Board 18R. See that project for additional information.
Contact: Mr. Mark Gaston, _PHONE_