The Billbergia family of bromeliads were named after Gustave Billberg, the Swedish botanist. They are among the fastest and the easiest growing bromeliads.
Compared with some of the other bromeliads, they have a lean and hungry look. They have fewer leaves and usually grow straight up. While the inflorescence usually droops instead of standing erect, the bracts often hang like flags or pennants, and the color combinations are beautiful.
Billbergias are very tolerant plants. They are natural epiphytes, but if they are pushed out of their tree, they will keep right on growing in the ground.
Billbergia Fantasia is a hybrid bromeliad that
 multi-colored foot-long leaves. See more pictures of bromeliads.
Billbergia 'Fantasia' was produced by M. B. Foster from a cross between Billbergia pyramidalis and Billbergia saundersii. It has foot-long, celadon-green leaves with cream-colored splotches, bright red bracts, and purple flowers.
Billbergia pyramidalis 'Albo Marginata' is a white-margined variety of an old favorite with two-foot leaves, reddish bracts, and red and blue flowers. The eightto ten-inch Billbergia nutans (queen's tears, friendship plant) is especially easy to grow under lights. Its rosy bracts, yellow flowers, and easy blooming make it a real favorite.
The Billbergia pyramidalis bromeliad is native to Brazil.
Billbergias are among the easiest bromeliads to produce from seed, probably because fresh seed is fairly easy to get. Give them house temperatures, bright to filtered light, and drench and let dry.


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ovel") was used to refer to the makeshift dwellings that were constructed by refugees or displaced persons. In this context, the term may have carried a more sympathetic or empathetic connotation, as it was used to describe the difficult living conditions that many people were forced to endure.
Popular Cultural Usage
At present, there does not appear to be a particularly widespread or popular cultural usage of the Spanish word for "hovel." However, the term may occasionally appear in literature, film, or other forms of media to describe a particular type of dwelling or living situation. In some cases, the term may be used to evoke a particular mood or atmosphere, such as one of poverty, deprivation, or hardship.
Regional Variations Of The Spanish Word For "Hovel"
As with many languages, regional variations exist within the Spanish language. These variations can include differences in vocabulary, pronunciation, and even grammar. When it comes to the Spanish word for "hovel," there are a few regional variations worth noting.
Usage In Different Spanish-speaking Countries
In Spain, the word for "hovel" is "chabola." This term is commonly used to refer to ramshackle, makeshift dwellings that are often found in shantytowns or slums. The term "cuchitril" is also sometimes used in Spain to refer to a small, cramped living space.
In Latin America, the word for "hovel" can vary depending on the country. For example, in Mexico, the term "jacal" is often used to refer to a small, rustic dwelling made from adobe or other natural materials. In Argentina, the term "rancho" is sometimes used to refer to a simple, rural dwelling.
It's worth noting that in some Spanish-speaking countries, the term "hovel" may not be commonly used at all. Instead, other terms may be used to describe similar living situations. For example, in some areas, the term "shack" or "shanty" may be more commonly used to describe a crude or makeshift dwelling.
In addition to differences in vocabulary and usage, there can also be regional variations in how the Spanish word for "hovel" is pronounced. For example, in Spain, the "ch" sound in "chabola" is pronounced like the "ch" in the English word "church." In some Latin American countries, however, the "ch" sound may be pronounced differently, such as with a "sh" sound.
Similarly, the pronunciation of other regional variations of the word for "hovel" may differ depending on the country or region. For example, the "j" sound in "jacal" may be pronounced differently in Mexico than it would be in other areas.
Overall, understanding regional variations of the Spanish word for "hovel" can help you better communicate with Spanish speakers from different countries and regions. Whether you're traveling to Spain or Latin America, being aware of these differences can help you avoid confusion and communicate more effectively.
Other Uses Of The Spanish Word For "Hovel" In Speaking & Writing
As with many words in any language, the Spanish word for "hovel" can have different meanings depending on the context in which it is used. It is important to be able to distinguish between these uses in order to properly understand and communicate with others.
Uses Of "Hovel" In Spanish
Below are some of the different uses of the Spanish word for "hovel" and how to distinguish between them:
1. Literal Meaning
The most common use of "hovel" in Spanish is its literal meaning, which refers to a small, poorly built, and often dilapidated dwelling. This use of the word is similar to its English counterpart and is easy to recognize in context.
2. Figurative Meaning
Another use of "hovel" in Spanish is its figurative meaning, which is often used to describe a dirty or messy place. In this context, "hovel" may be used to describe a cluttered room or a disorganized workspace. It is important to note that this use of the word is not meant to be taken literally and should be understood as a metaphor.
3. Insulting Meaning
Finally, "hovel" may also be used in a derogatory or insulting way in Spanish. In this context, the word is often used to describe a person or group of people who are seen as being low-class or uncivilized. It is important to be aware of this use of the word and to avoid using it in an insulting or offensive way.
Understanding the different uses of the Spanish word for "hovel" is important for effective communication in both speaking and writing. By being aware of the different contexts in which the word can be used, you can ensure that you are using it correctly and avoiding any misunderstandings.
Common Words And Phrases Similar To The Spanish Word For "Hovel"
Synonyms And Related Terms
When searching for the Spanish equivalent of "hovel," there are a few words and phrases that come to mind. These include:
Each of these terms refers to a small, humble dwelling. However, there are subtle differences in their meanings and usage.
Cabaña: This word typically refers to a cabin or cottage, often made of wood or other natural materials. It can also be used to describe a small, rustic hotel or resort.
Choza: This term is often used to describe a thatched-roof hut or shelter, often found in rural or indigenous communities. It can also refer to a makeshift shelter or dwelling.
Rancho: This word can have a few different meanings in different contexts. In some places, it refers to a ranch or farm. However, it can also be used to describe a small, rural dwelling or shack.
Bohío: This term is most commonly used in the Caribbean and refers to a traditional indigenous dwelling made of thatch or palm leaves. It can also be used more broadly to describe a small, rustic dwelling.
While there are a number of words and phrases that are similar to "hovel" in Spanish, there are also some antonyms or opposites to consider. These include:
- Casa lujosa
These words all refer to large, luxurious homes or residences, which are the opposite of a small, humble dwelling like a hovel or cabin.
Mistakes To Avoid When Using The Spanish Word For "Hovel"
When learning a new language, it's common to make mistakes. Spanish is no exception. One word that can cause confusion for non-native speakers is "hovel." In this article, we'll explore some common mistakes made when using the Spanish word for "hovel" and provide tips on how to avoid them.
1. Using the wrong word: One common mistake is using the word "hogar" instead of "choza" or "cabaña." While "hogar" can mean "home" or "dwelling," it doesn't have the same connotation as "hovel." "Hogar" is a more general term that can refer to any type of home, while "choza" or "cabaña" specifically refer to a small, crude dwelling.
2. Mispronouncing the word: Another mistake is mispronouncing the word "choza." The "ch" sound in Spanish is not the same as in English. It's pronounced more like the "ch" in "church." So, the correct pronunciation of "choza" is "choh-sa."
3. Using the wrong gender: In Spanish, all nouns have a gender (either masculine or feminine). "Choza" and "cabaña" are feminine nouns, so they should be paired with feminine articles and adjectives. Using masculine articles or adjectives with these nouns is a common mistake.
Tips To Avoid Mistakes
1. Practice pronunciation: To avoid mispronouncing "choza," practice saying it with a Spanish speaker or listen to audio recordings online. It's important to get the "ch" sound right to ensure that you're understood.
2. Learn the correct gender: Take the time to learn the gender of "choza" and "cabaña" and practice using them with the correct articles and adjectives. This will help you avoid common mistakes and sound more fluent.
3. Use a dictionary: When in doubt, use a Spanish-English dictionary to look up the correct word and its meaning. This will help you avoid using the wrong word or gender.
There you have it – some common mistakes to avoid when using the Spanish word for "hovel" and tips to help you use it correctly. By practicing pronunciation, learning the correct gender, and using a dictionary, you'll be able to speak Spanish more confidently and accurately.
To summarize, we have explored the meaning and usage of the word "hovel" in both English and Spanish. We have learned that "hovel" refers to a small, poorly constructed dwelling that is typically cramped and uncomfortable. In Spanish, the word for "hovel" is "choza," which has a similar connotation to the English word.
Additionally, we have discussed some related words and phrases that may come in handy when discussing hovels or similar topics. These include "shack," "ramshackle," "squalor," and "poverty."
Encouragement To Practice
Now that we have a better understanding of how to say "hovel" in Spanish, it's time to put this knowledge into practice. Whether you are traveling to a Spanish-speaking country or simply conversing with Spanish speakers in your community, using these words and phrases will help you communicate more effectively and confidently.
Remember, language learning takes time and practice, so don't be discouraged if it takes a while to become comfortable with these new words. Keep practicing, and soon enough, you

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Dual Bed Dryers
Dual Bed (also called Twin Tower) dryers used to be the most commonly purchased type of resin dryer. In fact, it is estimated that there are between 10 and 20,000 of these dryers still in use today despite their disadvantages.
Dual Bed dryers consist of two beds (or towers) of desiccant beads, process and regenerative blowers, process and regeneration heaters and valves to re-direct the airflow. While one bed of desiccant supplies dry process air to flow through the drying hopper, the other bed – with saturated desiccant – is regenerated, by forcing hot air through it. When the regeneration is complete, that bed becomes the one supplying the dry process air and the first bed goes into the regeneration mode.
Dual Bed dryers are commonly used because they attained a -40˚ dew point and generally do a good job of drying most resins.
They do have their disadvantages:
In recent years, there have been great advances made in drying technology and several types of dryers now overcome the disadvantages of Dual Bed dryers. These new dryer types include Desiccant Wheel, Membrane, Vacuum and Infrared versions.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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I'm writing again about the four simple rules of systems thinking: Distinctions, Systems, Relationships, and Perspectives (DSRP). I focus today on Relationships. When hoping to understand a system or group or any plurality, after identifying the parts, it makes sense to identify the relationships between and among the parts.
As a social scientist from a quantitative-leaning department, I tended to think of relationships statistically: were two variables correlated, were they causally related, was the relationship perhaps spurious or indirect? But I am also a qualitative researcher, and learning more about diagramming complex relationships in MetaMap software from Cabrera Research Lab has been interesting and fruitful to that part of my research. (By the way, the MetaMap below is interactive, so you can get an idea what the software is like!)
It becomes particularly interesting when you make distinctions about the relationship between two things or ideas (see the MetaMap above). In grad school I studied self-help groups, including ones about eating disorders. In that vein, I can diagram the relationship between two things: a person and food. That relationship could be defined in different ways. Food can provide sustenance, opportunity for social engagement, and enjoyment to people. People might have various attitudes towards food, seeing it as pleasurable, a necessity, and/or as a source of difficulty and negative consequences.
Additionally, a person's relationship to food might be characterized by "disorder." You could use the Distinction rule to further define that relationship. The disorder, for example, might have psychological, physiological, and emotional aspects (see the top map with 3 parts of a relationship distinguished). Those parts in turn have relationships to each other, which we could also diagram.
And if we think further about it, we realize that we are looking at the relationship between person and food from multiple perspectives, such as medical and social—to which we could add economic, cultural, etc. Certainly adequate study of people's relationship to food would incorporate intersecting perspectives.
The example of the relationship between people and food also demonstrates how DSRP rules operate simultaneously. Indeed, our cognition on any subject incorporates making distinctions and seeing systems, relationships, and perspectives. For more on DSRP, see Systems Thinking Made Simple: New Hope for Solving Wicked Problems.


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When I first entered the world of mixers, customer concerns about spurs were very cryptic. When one spur mattered against another seemed totally arbitrary. Over time I learned that certain spurs matter in certain situations. Here are those situations:
1 LO x 0 IF/0 RF (LO-IF/RF Isolation): As we discuss in the mixer basics primer, this matters all the time, but particularly in an upconversion with a low frequency IF. In this case the LO will need to be filtered from the nearby RF. This is actually a good reason to use a lower frequency IF before final transmission, since that makes the final stage filtering easier. The LO – IF can also be a problem in conversions with a high IF.
1 RF x 0 LO (RF-IF isolation): This isolation, like the LO-IF isolation, is important in conversions with a high IF frequency. For example a DC-6 GHz up/downconversion to 7-13 GHz will need the RF/IF filtered out of the output.
1 LO x n IF: This spur is important in the same situation: upconversion from a low frequency IF. In this case the LO will be on the inside of the LO + IF and LO – IF, and the other side will be the LO + 2 IF or LO – 2 IF, as below:
This is an upconversion of a 20 MHz IF with a 6 GHz LO using an ML1-0220L. You can see that the LO is suppressed due to the RF-IF isolation, and the 1 LO x 2 IF is suppressed due to the balance of the mixer.
2 RF x 2 LO (also m LO x m RF): This is the brother of the 1 LO x n IF, but for downconversions. In a downconversion to a low IF, the 2×2 will show up at double the IF frequency, and requires a low pass filter between the IF and 2IF.
m IF x 0 LO (Harmonic IF Isolations): This is important for medium to high level IF frequencies translated to low to medium level RF frequencies. For example, a 1 GHz IF translated to a 3 GHz RF will have to contend with the 3xIF harmonic, which is probably fairly strong. Odd harmonics, in general, are stronger than even harmonics.
n LO x 0 IF (Harmonic LO Isolations): These are generally only a problem for band conversions, usually for satellite work. If the LO is lower than the IF or RF, then it becomes a problem similar to the harmonic IF isolations, but worse because the LO is stronger. The 2LO can be a problem for high IFs as well.
2LO x n IF: These are an issue when doing a low side upconversion. The LO – 2,3,4 IF will cross the fundamental when the IF increases high enough, as shown below (from our spur calculator):
n RF – (n-1) LO: These will show up in a typical downconversion with a high side LO:
n LO – (n-1) RF: These, similarly, will show up in a low side LO downconversion:
Other spurs will show up in many disparate situations, with differing levels, particularly in unusual conversions. One conversion that you haven't seen mentioned much in this blog entry? The high side upconversion. This is because the high side upconversion is the frequency translation with the fewest spurs:
In this case the only interfering spur is the 3rd harmonic of the IF, and that is relatively low level. The high side upconversion causes a reversal of the frequencies, so we recommend a heterodyne system with a high side upconversion to a high IF, filtering, andd then a downcoversion to a lower IF for final processing. The other downside? You need a wideband mixer to use the high frequency LO. A wideband mixer much like the ones sold by Marki….


Drink, strong - Bible References
3 occurrences in 3 dictionaries
Reference: Drink, Strong
(Heb shekar'), an intoxicating liquor (Jg 13:4; Lu 1:15; Isa 5:11; Mic 2:11) distilled from corn, honey, or dates. The effects of the use of strong drink are referred to in Ps 107:27; Isa 24:20; 49:26; 51:17-22. Its use prohibited, Pr 20:1. (See Wine.)
See Verses Found in Dictionary
shechar. Any intoxicating beverage, wine especially from the grape (compare Nu 28:7 with Ex 29:40). Strong drink was extracted from other fruit also, as the pomegranate (Song 8:2). Beer was made from barley, lupin, skirrett, and other herbs being substituted for hops. Spices were mingled with it (Isa 5:22). Cider, or "apple wine," is noticed in the Mishna, Terum, 2, section 2. Honey wine was a mixture of wine, honey, and pepper, also a concoction from the grape called debaash by the Hebrew, by modern Syrians dibs, wine, milk or water being added. Date wine also was made in Egypt. The Speaker's Commentary explains the proverbial phrase, De 29:19, "so that the soul that is drunken with sin carry away that which thirsts for sin." "Drinking iniquity like water himself (Job 15:16), he corrupts others thirsting for it."
See Verses Found in Dictionary
Drink, Strong.
The Hebrew term shecar, in its etymological sense, applies to any beverage that had intoxicating qualities. With regard to the application of the term in later times we have the explicit statement of Jerome, as well as other sources of information, from which we may state the that following beverages were known to the Jews:--
1. Beer, which was largely consumed in Egypt under the name of zythus, and was thence introduced into Palestine. It was made of barley; certain herbs, such as lupine and skirret, were used as substitutes for hops.
2. Cider, which is noticed in the Mishna as apple wine.
3. Honey wine, of which there were two sorts, one consisting of a mixture of wine, honey and pepper; the other a decoction of the juice of the grape, termed debash (honey) by the Hebrews, and dibs by the modern Syrians.
4. Date wine, which was also manufactured in Egypt. It was made by mashing the fruit in water in certain proportions.
5. Various other fruits and vegetables are enumerated by Pliny as supplying materials for factitious or home-made wine, such as figs, millet, the carob fruit, etc. It is not improbable that the Hebrews applied raisins to this purpose in the simple manner followed by the Arabians, viz., by putting them in jars of water and burying them in the ground until fermentation took place.


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The Kelsay Porter Case, Union County, Oregon
It was while the county seat was located at Union that Union County had its first and only legal execution of a condemned man. On Friday, 19 November 1897 at Union. Sheriff J. F. Phy officiated at the hanging of Kelsay Porter. The crime for which Porter was hanged was committed on 1 January 18966 in Pine Valley a recital southeast of Union and now a part of Baker County. For some time Porter a young homesteader had trouble with Ben Maches Sr. his wife and Ben Mache Jr. This family had made a practice of taking down Porter's fences and letting his stock run loose, and no amount of remonstrance on his part could make them desist from this practice.
The Maches family endeavored to terrorize Porter at every opportunity being generally an ugly-natured crew, and threatened his life many limes. Finally goaded into desperation Porter threatened retaliation if his gates were left open again and when on the fatal New Year's day the Mathes family again repeated the offense and taunted him about it. He murdered the three of them as they sat in a sleigh in front of his home. However, it was proved at the trial that the younger Mathes had fired three shots at Porter before Porter opened fare on the trio.
Porter was very well liked by all who knew him, much in contrast to the repute in which the Mathes family were held, and from contemporary accounts the inference is that Porter had done a much needed service for the community rather than murder. A purse was raised in Pine Valley among his friends for his defense. However, he was convicted of first degree murder and sentenced to hang on 10 April, 1896. A stay of execution was obtained for an appeal to the Supreme Court, but this body refused to set aside the decision of the lower court. Likewise futile was an appeal to the governor in the form of a petition signed by most of the residents of Pine Valley.
To one reviewing the case today it would seem almost impossible that Porter could have could have found guilty the circumstances being as they were. Certainly if injustice was ever done to any man on trial for his life it was in the ease of Kelsay Porter.


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|Fabric Stiffness Tester (Pneumatic)|
Provides the fabric and apparel industries with a consistent fast, and accurate method of determining fabric stiffness in compliance with ASTM Spec. D4032, Circular Bend Test Method.
|The Fabric Stiffness Tester is a simple to use, rugged instrument based on a design described in internationally recognized test standards such as ASTM D1388. Employing the principle of cantilever bending, a rectangular specimen is supported on a smooth low-fiction horizontal platform with a 41.5? (0.724 rad) or 45? (0.785 rad) adjustable bend angle indicator below the plane of the platform surface. A weighted slide is placed over the specimen and is advanced at a constant rate.|
|Fabric Stiffness Tester|
|As the leading edge of the specimen projects from the platform, it bends under its own mass. Once the material flexes enough to touch the bend angle indicator, the test is stopped. The length of the overhang is then measured and flexural rigidity and bending modulus can be calculated. Ideal for testing most textile fabrics (e.g. woven; layered; pile; knitted; napped) this instrument has been utilized to evaluate the stiffness properties of blankets, airbag fabrics, protective clothing, geotextiles, etc. Fabrics may be untreated or treated, including those that are heavily sized, coated with resin-treated. Taber's Fabric Stiffness tester can be used to evaluate leather, paper, plastic films, and other flexible sheet materials.|


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ADR has developed equipment and sub-systems such as servomotors, motorised bearings and positioners to meet new technological requirements. ADR provides a complete electromechanical function based on expertise and experience going back more than 25 years in the high precision fields.
3-Axis Positioners in Carbon Composite (G3AC)
The carbon composite positioner has been developed for the new defence and aeronautics telecommunications markets that demand high positioning accuracy and stable mechanical behaviour in time. This positioner brings the following benefits:
- A significant reduction of mass by the use of carbon composite parts certified for aeronautical use;
- A positioning on 3 axes which allows high mobility of the antenna and continuous scanning of the pointing zone;
- A reduced and compact overall dimensions by the integration of small section ball bearings close to the axis;
- A reduction of pointing defects through precise axis production;
- Maintenance and precise positioning of a 5 kg payload. On request, ADR may adapt the architecture according to the mass.
Servomotors and Motorised Bearings
The range of servomotor and motorised bearingshas been designed with the aim of reducing mass and overall dimensionsas well as achieving high rigidity of the shaft. Servomotors have very high angular precision and can evolve in demanding mechanical and vibratory environments.
The servomotor and the motorised bearingsbring the following benefits:
- A hollow shaft for central routing of equipment and connections;
- A high precision angular position sensor which is integrated into the servomotor range;
- Motorised bearings architecture and flat, compact, so-called pancake-shaped servomotor;
- High axis velocity thanks to its direct drive architecture and low inertia;
- High torque and high reliability are delivered by the Brushless motor.


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Anecdotal evidences indicate that information technology addiction has become prevalent over the globe, and can result in serious negative consequences. Despite the rising concerns over this issue, its theoretical understanding is still lacking in the mainstream information system literature. Drawing upon the social cognitive theory, this study attempts to reveal why users cannot decrease their addictive behavior of playing smartphone games. The social cognitive theory serves as a framework for interpreting the failure of decreased behavior with three-stage process: self-observation, self-judgment, and self-reaction. We build our research model by following this perspective and propose key drivers in each process to explicate why the decrease of addictive behavior fails. We plan to validate our model using a longitudinal survey design. We expect that this study can improve our limited understanding of information technology addiction. Possible implications for both theory and practice are discussed.
Zhang, Kem Z.K.; Chen, Chongyang; Zhao, Sesia J.; and Lee, Matthew K.O., "FAILURE TO DECREASE THE ADDICTIVE USE OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION OF SMARTPHONE GAME ADDICTION" (2016). PACIS 2016 Proceedings. 121.


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This post is authored by Mike Burbey, Sr. Outposts SA
AWS Outposts is a fully managed service that offers the same AWS infrastructure, AWS services, APIs, and tools to any data center, colocation space, or on-premises facility for a consistent hybrid experience. AWS Outposts is ideal for workloads that require low latency, access to on-premises systems, local data processing, data residency, and migration of applications with local system interdependencies.
As part of the AWS Shared Responsibility Model, customers are responsible for capacity planning while using AWS Outposts. Customers must forecast compute and storage needs in addition to data center space, power, and HVAC requirements along with associated lead times. This blog demonstrates how to create a dashboard and alarms to assist in capacity planning. Amazon CloudWatch is used to capture the metrics and create dashboards while Amazon Simple Notification Service (SNS) sends notifications when capacity exceeds a threshold.
Create a dashboard
- First, log into the account that the AWS Outpost is installed in. In the AWS console go to CloudWatch, then click on Dashboards, then click on Create dashboard to create a dashboard for AWS Outposts capacity.
- Provide the dashboard a name and click Create dashboard.
- Select a line widget and click Next.
- This widget is metrics-based. Select Metrics and click Configure.
- Click Outposts.
- Click By Outpost and Instance Family.
- Select all of the InstanceFamily options where the Metric Name is InstanceFamilyCapacityUtilization then click Create widget.
- The first widget has been added to the dashboard. This widget displays the percent of capacity used for the entire instance family. Additional widgets may be created to display the capacity available or for a specific instance type (in this case, c5.2xlarge).
- Now, I add an Amazon EBS capacity widget to the dashboard. To do this, click Add widget, select Line as the widget type and Metrics as the data source.
- Click Outposts.
- Click Outpostid, VolumeType.
- Select EBSVolumeTypeCapacityUtilization and then Create widget.
- The dashboard now has two widgets setup. Click Save dashboard. If you do not save the dashboard, your changes do not save. The following image shows what your two dashboards should look like.
- Dashboards are useful for monitoring capacity over time. It is unlikely that someone is looking at the dashboard at the moment when usage increases. To ensure you are notified when an increase in utilization happens, you can create an alarm that sends a notification to Amazon Simple Notification Service (SNS).
When creating CloudWatch alarms, only one metric can be configured per alarm. So, a single alarm can only report on a single EC2 instance family. Additional alarms must be configured for each EC2 instance family deployed in an AWS Outpost. To learn more about CloudWatch alarms, visit the technical documentation.
- To create a new alarm, click Create alarm.
- Click Select metric.
- To select a metric for EC2 capacity utilization, select Outposts, By Outpost and Instance Family. Select the Instance Family to create an alarm for. In this example, the alarm is created for the C5 Instance Family and is based on capacity utilization. Click Select metric.
- Define the threshold to alarm when the metric is greater than or equal to 80% and click Next.
- When setting up the first alarm, an Amazon SNS topic must be created. The topic can be re-used when setting up additional alarms. Click Create topic. Enter a name for the SNS topic and email addresses that should receive the notification. Click Add notification, then click Next.
- Enter a name and description for the alarm, click Next, and click Create alarm.
Amazon SNS requires topic subscriptions to be confirmed. Each email address receives an email message from AWS Notifications. Remember to create an alarm for each EC2 family type and EBS volume to ensure that alerts are received for all resources on the AWS Outpost. For more information on Amazon SNS, visit the developer guide.
You now have visibility into the compute and storage capacity of the AWS Outposts. This provides visibility to inform capacity planning activities. To learn about additional CloudWatch metrics available for AWS Outposts, visit the user guide.
For additional information on AWS Outposts capacity management check out this webinar to learn more about additional AWS Outposts metrics and the installation process.


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Dark Globule in IC 1396
This 22-second animation shows how our view of a dark globule in IC 1396 changes as we move from visible light through near-infrared to mid-infrared wavelengths. The dark globule is virtually opaque at visible-light wavelengths and becomes transparent in the near-infrared. A glowing stellar nursery, with never before seen protostars and young stars, is vividly revealed through mid-infrared images obtained by the Spitzer Space Telescope.
Browse Videos in Science Animations
This artist's animation illustrates how silicate crystals like those found in comets can be created by an outburst fr...


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The Integrated Use of Audio Diaries, Photography, and Interviews in Research with Disabled Young Men
In this article we provide a critical reflection on the integrated use of solicited audio diaries, photography, and interviews in a study with disabled young men transitioning to adulthood. In the study, we developed a methodological approach for illuminating the intersectionality of gender, disability, and generation (life stage) identities. Drawing from a critical Bourdieusian perspective, we suggest that rather than producing single or "true" accounts, the combination of methods can be used to elucidate how participants establish, maintain, and reform their identities in everyday practices. Furthermore, we discuss how participants' acts of data creation are analyzable events in themselves, wherein participants do work to establish, maintain, and reform their identities. We conclude with some lessons learned and future directions.


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Iron reduction response and demographic differences between diabetics and non-diabetics with cardiovascular disease entered into a controlled clinical trial.
This recent article looked at levels of ferritin and blood sugar levels. It showed that higher ferritin levels causes an increase in oxidative stress, which impairs iron utilization and results in lower red blood cell counts in diabetics. Regular blood renewal resulted in an increase in red blood count and a decrease in blood sugar over time. High sugar in turn damages iron transport proteins and leads to lower blood counts in diabetics despite the patients having iron overload.
To reduce free radical damage, lower blood sugar and thus reduce the risk of cancer, hypertension, brain degeneration and circulatory diseases, find out your serum ferritin level and have it corrected by phlebotomy and EDTA Chelation therapy.
Half of adult Americans are diabetic or prediabetic. These patients, more than any other group, obtain benefits from correcting their iron levels and undergoing a series of EDTA Chelation therapy treatments.
Click here for the article abstract


Aragnan Blanc
Aragnan blanc (also spelled as Araignan blanc) is a white French wine grape variety found primarily in southeastern France where it is a permitted grape variety in the white wines of the Palette Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) near Provence. The French ampelographer Pierre Galet speculated that the variety may have originated from the Vaucluse area near the Rhone. Galet further speculated that it could be related (or even a white colored mutation) of the Oeillade variety which was historically grown as a table grape in the Rhone and itself likely related to Cinsaut.


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A tale of 2 species
A pair of new studies from the Wildlife Conservation Society, Idaho State University, and the University of Nevada Reno look at the surprising variety of factors that prevent two closely related species of woodrats from becoming a single hybrid species despite the existence of hybrid individuals where the two species come into contact.
After finding that two closely related species, the desert and Bryant's woodrats, could interbreed and produce hybrid offspring, scientists set out to determine why only 14 percent of the population in a "contact zone" had genetic signatures from both species. (If the two species were similar enough to interbreed, what was keeping them from merging into a single hybrid species?)
In the study, "Ecological segregation in a small mammal hybrid zone: Habitat-specific mating opportunities and selection against hybrids restrict gene flow on a fine spatial scale," which appears in the March print edition of the journal Evolution, the authors discuss the factors driving these mating dynamics in a hybrid zone in southern California.
Trapping and handling hundreds of woodrats (also known as packrats), the scientists found that the two species are highly associated with different habitat types, though they may live within meters of each other along the boundary. Their research showed that 98 percent of Bryant's woodrats occupied a boulder-strewn hillside comprised of coastal / Sierra vegetation, while 93 percent of the desert woodrats occupied the adjacent valley floor consisting of Mojave desert scrub and a sandy substrate. This, in spite of the fact that both habitats were theoretically available to both species.
"Mating opportunities between species are limited because the two species make their homes and forage in very distinct habitats, even though those habitats are right next to each other," said lead author of both studies, Quinn Shurtliff of the Wildlife Conservation Society and Idaho State University.
Another reason why interbreeding between species is limited: personality conflicts. The scientists brought wild-caught woodrats into the laboratory to test female mate preferences.
They found that Bryant's woodrat females selected either Bryant's woodrat males or desert woodrat males with equal preference. Desert woodrat females, however, almost always mated with males of their own species.
The reason? The desert woodrat females were intimidated by Bryant's woodrat males due to their larger body size and aggressive nature. In contrast, Bryant's females, themselves larger, were open to mating with the smaller, more docile desert woodrat males as well as the males of their own species.
Another factor shown to be determining the number of hybrids is that hybrid offspring do not survive to adulthood as well as do the other two species. Higher proportions of Bryant's woodrats survived to their first year of adulthood than did the hybrids (33 percent vs. 10 percent). The same was the case for the desert woodrats (22 percent vs.10 percent percent). Once the hybrids reached their first year of adulthood, however, they fared as well as the purebreds.
The reason for the low juvenile hybrid survivability, the authors say, may lie in the lack of aggressiveness and ability to compete with purebred males for denning sites and in winning territorial battles. This may necessitate greater dispersal for the male hybrids pushing them out of range of female hybrids and exposing them to greater predation pressure.
Shurtliff said, "These studies offer further insight into the behavioral and ecological dynamics of hybrid zones.
Understanding these unique areas is important because there are many examples of naturally occurring hybrid zones, and new hybrid zones will form in the future as climate change and human impacts cause species distributions to shift and come into contact. For example, scientists have documented hybrid zones between introduced and native species, and climate change has already been linked to hybridization among flying squirrels in eastern North America. It is important to understand these relationships so that we can predict, and where necessary, mitigate their negative impacts."
Contact: Scott Smith
Wildlife Conservation Society
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In the summer of 2012, four Princeton students traveled to Koidu, Sierra Leone, looking for a community to partner with for a new Engineers Without Borders project. Senior Michael Showak and junior Christine Feng acted as project co-managers.
Video stills courtesy of Caden Ohlwiler, Class of 2015
Video feature: Engineers Without Borders, Sierra Leone
Posted January 28, 2013; 12:00 p.m.
Dorma is a small village in the heart of the Kono District of Sierra Leone, which was ravaged by the country's civil war that concluded in 2002. It lies about two miles from the center of Koidu, the district capital, and is surrounded by rice fields where many of its residents farm.
A group of four students working with the Princeton chapter of Engineers Without Borders (EWB-Princeton) were in Sierra Leone last summer to talk with local citizens and leaders about opening a new program. In this video EWB-Princeton participants talk about their partnership with the village of Dorma to address a few of the basic needs of the community. The students noted that the village has seen little continual effort for a redevelopment of infrastructure in the postwar decade.
Play the "Engineers Without Borders, Sierra Leone" video.
"The community lacks infrastructure that we would view as essential — clean water and basic sanitation — not from a lack of interest, but from a lack of resources and opportunity," said senior Michael Showak, a chemical and biological engineering major who served as project manager of EWB-Princeton's Sierra Leone team. "We're hoping to be able to work with them to offer our knowledge and engineering skills to assist them to reach the goals they have for themselves."
The program will work to improve quality of life in the community. Most pressing is the need for clean and consistent drinking water. To access water during the dry season, when wells often run dry, residents dig pits in the swamps where they grow their rice. Even when the well produces water, it is highly unsafe to drink.
"During our visit, we tested the well water they drink for contaminants and found high levels of bacterial contaminants — something that would never pass WHO [World Health Organization] water quality standards," commented junior Christine Feng, an operations research and financial engineering major.
Showak, who led the project along with Feng, said that the team consisting of about 20 Princeton students and a professional mentor has a number of challenges to address as they begin to design the system. Students are working on designs of wells that are operational all year long and eliminate contamination issues. The group plans to return in August to finalize technical measurements and help with the formation and training of a group of community members who will oversee the project.
"Working on an engineering project halfway around the world is a large undertaking," Showak said. "Luckily, we have great partners within Dorma who are eager to make the partnership work."
The Princeton chapter of Engineers Without Borders was established by two undergraduates in 2004 and has completed projects including a library in Ghana and a sanitation system in Peru. Although many of its 90 members are engineering majors, the chapter draws students from across the University. It is supported by the School of Engineering and Applied Science, Keller Center for Innovation in Engineering Education, Princeton Environmental Institute, Grand Challenges Program and Princeton Institute for International and Regional Studies.


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noun (plural analyses /-siːz/)
- the process of separating something into its constituent elements: the procedure is often more accurately described as one of synthesis rather than analysisOften contrasted with synthesis.
- 2short for psychoanalysis.other schools of analysis have evolved out of the original disciplines established by Freud
late 16th century: via medieval Latin from Greek analusis, from analuein 'unloose', from ana- 'up' + luein 'loosen'
Make the plural of analysis by changing the -is ending to -es: (analyses).


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Businesses in the UK pay for their water use and wastewater removal through enterprise water. The UK's water and wastewater networks are divided among various water wholesalers.
In some studies, the default price of business water in the UK is higher than a domestic water default price. Reducing water consumption and usage will help your business be free from more expenses.
Saving water not only benefits your business but also helps in conserving and protecting the environment. It is a social and corporate responsibility to at all costs save water.
Many businesses want to save more on their water bills but do not know how. Water is necessary for a business, so cutting off from users will not be the best solution to save money on the business water bill.
Here are six tips that can help to reduce business water bills in the UK:
Table of Contents
Tip #1: Compare business water bills and rates.
You can have a business water rates comparison to save money on your bills. Unintentionally, you may be paying more for your business water bills in the UK. Businesses can save more money from water bills when they switch and compare water rates.
In 2017, the UK implemented deregulation in the water and wastewater industry. The deregulation divided the water industry into wholesalers and retailers of water. The wholesalers supply the water and are responsible for wastewater cleaning and removal to the entire water network of the UK.
There are many business water suppliers in the UK. There are many benefits of switching water supplier, these includes:
- lower water rates and charges
- better and improved customer services
- consolidated water billings
- saving money on water bills
- long-term fixed water rates
- efficient water services
- discounts and rewards
When comparing business water bills and rates, consider the following factors:
- accuracy in the water billing
- customer service
- offer on tariff prices
- payment methods
- commitment to the environment
- additional water services
Tip #2: Conserve water
Some studies show that businesses and firms in the UK use 30 per cent more water than they need. Conserving water can help your business significantly reduce water bills.
Here are some of the ways you can save water usage in your business:
- turning off the faucet when not in use
- repairing water leaks from toilets and kitchen
- limit water usage
- install flow restrictor
- install lever or mixer taps
- monitoring water usage
Conserving water is necessary for a business because of the following reasons:
- saves money for paying the water bill
- reduces the carbon footprint on the environment
- sustainability goals of the business
- social corporate responsibility
- using less water means using less energy
Tip #3: Check for leaks in the pipelines.
Regular checking and maintenance can save you more money from water bills. Checking your pipes for possible cracks and damages prevents inconvenience. You can also save expenses when the water problem occurs.
Checking pipelines for leaks and damages is beneficial for your business because of the following reasons:
- it helps in the early identification of the water problem
- prevents water-borne diseases in your office
- saves time for office maintenance workers
- your business can save money from expenses
- helps to reduce water bills
Here are some ways to early detect leaks in your pipes:
- checking your water meter
- check your water usage
- monitor your water bills
- testing for leaks in your toilets
- checking the pipe's exteriors
Tip #4: Track, measure, and monitor your business water usage.
A business needs to track, measure, and monitor its business water usage. An accurate assessment of your business water usage will help you save money from high water bills.
Here are some ways you can monitor and track your business water usage:
- using meter readings to track water use
- conducting a water usage audit
- using a maintenance checklist
- recording data in a system
Using a water monitoring device can also be a good investment. A water monitoring device has the following benefits:
- remote monitoring of water data
- detects water leaks and sends out notifications or alerts
- provides a real-time water information
- easy installation of the device
Tip #5: Switch to long-term water-efficient products and equipment.
When you want to save money on water bills, you may invest in water-efficient products and equipment for your business. The WaterSense or ENERGY STAR certified appliances and equipment help to conserve energy, and these products can save 20 to 50 per cent more water than traditional products.
Aside from these products having a longer term of usage, they also have low maintenance. Water-efficient products help to improve water quality in your business.
Here are some of the water-efficient products and equipment that you can install for your business:
- water smart meter or reader
- push tops and spray tops
- waterless urinals
- low-flush or sensor-controlled toilets
- infrared water controls
- rainwater collection and conversion device
- pipe and tanks insulation
- water efficient showers and faucets
Tip #6: Make your employees knowledgeable about water conservation.
Getting everyone involved is the key to a successful water reduction campaign for your business. It is necessary to encourage your employees to practice water-saving initiatives, and these techniques can help bring down business water bills and usage. Help your employees to be conscious of water-saving ideas and tasks.
Here are some ways you can have your employees involved in saving water in the workplace:
- putting up signs to remind your employees to conserve water
- routine maintenance monitoring
- giving incentives or rewards to the most water-efficient employees
- give your employees a reason to save water
- engage with your employees often
- encourage water recycling
The bottom line
In the UK, the average water consumption is 50 litres each working day for every employee. Some businesses do not believe that excessive water consumption is a problem.
Water is a necessity for business operations and a scarce resource that needs conservation. Conserving water helps your business in the long run. Many ways can help you reduce business water usage and consumption. You can create awareness among your employees and measure, track, and conserve water.
When you conserve water, you significantly reduce your business water bills. Lower water bills mean lesser expenses for your business. The process is a collective effort of everyone, which will have a fruitful and immeasurable result for your business.


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Mental Mondays: Adjust For The Wind
The general rule for dealing with breezes is to add or subtract one club for each 10 mph of wind. The trick is knowing just how fast the wind is blowing.
The Beaufort Wind speed scale can give you an idea of wind speed:
Wind Speed: Indicators
4 - 7 mph :Win felt on exposed skin. Leaves rustle, vanes begin to move.
8 - 12 mph :Leaves and small twigs constantly moving, light flags extended.
13 - 17 mph :Dust and loose paper raised. Small branches begin to move.
18 - 24 mph: Branches of a moderate size move. Small trees in leaf begin to sway.
25 - 30 mph: Large branches in motion. Whistling heard in overhead wires. Umbrella use becomes difficult. Empty plastic garbage cans tip over
31 - 38 mph: Whole trees in motion. Effort needed to walk against the wind.
Anything Faster: You shouldn't be on the course.
So, with twigs and small branches moving, add one club. If larger branches are swaying add two.
It's important to notice not only how things are on the ground, but also what's happening up in the air. On tree lined fairways, there are dead zones where the wind is screened. High flying golf shots, however, still can be caught up in the breezes. While assessing the situation, notice how the wind is affecting the upper branches of the trees.
Hitting the ball harder into the wind isn't a solution. A harder shot will increase the spin and exaggerate the wind conditions. Take more club.
Estimating what to do in a crosswind is a lot more tricky. In a crosswind, your ball will not only lose distance (though likely not as much as directly into the wind), but also drift in the direction it's blowing.
If you've got the game, you can try to spin the ball into the wind to hold the line. For most of us, though, the solution is to try to compensate for the drift by aiming more left or right. A rule of thumb is to aim five yards left or right for every 10 mph of wind speed.
Crosswinds will exaggerate your ball's natural flight. If you're a slicer, a wind blowing to the right will carry your ball right off the course. Remember to compensate for that, also.
This all creates some very interesting calculus as you're not only trying to figure how much club, but also how far left and right.
A final solution—again, if you've got the game—is to hit a punch shot, keeping the ball on a boring trajectory under the wind.
This tip is an excerpt from The Five Inch Course: Thinking Your Way To Better Golf. The complete book is available in Kindle format at Amazon.com.
Golf Blog Category:
Mental Golf Tips


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RATIONALE: Perceptual learning operates on distinct timescales. How different neuromodulatory systems impact on learning across these different timescales is poorly understood. OBJECTIVES: Here, we test the causal impact of a novel influence on perceptual learning, the androgen hormone testosterone, across distinct timescales. METHODS: In a double-blind, placebocontrolled, cross-over study with testosterone, subjects undertook a simple contrast detection task during training sessions on two separate days. RESULTS: On placebo, there was no learning either within training sessions or between days, except for a fast, rapidly saturating, improvement early on each testing day. However, testosterone caused "off-line" learning, with no learning seen within training sessions, but a marked performance improvement over the days between sessions. This testosterone-induced learning occurred in the absence of changes in subjective confidence or introspective accuracy. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show that testosterone influences perceptual learning on a timescale consistent with an influence on "off-line" consolidation processes.
Original publication
Journal article
Psychopharmacology (Berl)
Publication Date
451 - 457
Adult, Analysis of Variance, Contrast Sensitivity, Cross-Over Studies, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Learning, Neuropsychological Tests, Photic Stimulation, Testosterone, Time Factors, Young Adult


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South African Journal of Agricultural Extension
versão impressa ISSN 0301-603X
Lesotho has plenty of water resources which could be used to improve the livelihoods of Basotho as a nation in many aspects. However, this seems not to be the case as Lesotho suffers from food security mostly during severe droughts, to an extent of seeking support from international communities. The purpose of this paper is to elaborate on the very important role extension support should play in the practising of sustainable irrigation farming by smallholders. A structural questionnaire was administered amongst 153 irrigation farmers and 31 extension officers randomly in the four southern districts of Lesotho, namely Maseru, Mafeteng, Mohale's Hoek and Quthing. Extension credibility is highly questionable as 70% of irrigation farmers do not regard extension as important for irrigation management decisions. Although extension workers are generally well qualified, no in-service training is offered to help with the skilling of extensionists regarding irrigation management. Consequently the extension workers consider them not competent to provide support for irrigation farming. These results suggest the need for greater political and institutional input in irrigation farming; in particular there is a need to revisit institutional policy instruments and institution for extension, technical assistance, training and credit services that will facilitate performance of irrigation farming in Lesotho.
Palavras-chave : extension support; smallholder irrigation; training; competencies.


Brazil is a destination with something for everyone: iconic megacities full of colour and culture, idyllic tropical beaches and incredible biodiversity both in water and on land. Here are some quick facts about this country to get you started:
 - Brazil covers almost half of South America. It shares a border with all of the 12 other countries on the landmass except 2: Chile and Ecuador.
 - The official language is Portuguese. Useful words and phrases include: tudo bem/tudo bom (use one or the other, both mean 'how are you', or, literally, 'everything good'. You can answer using either tudo bem or tudo bom, and add e você? ['eh vo-seh]' to ask the question back), por favor = please, obrigado/a = thank you (men say obrigado and women say obrigada).
 - The local currency is the Brazilian real. Each colourful bill features a local animal on one side.
 - Top places to visit include the cities of Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Salvador and Recife, the impressive Iguaçu Falls, the beaches of Florianópolis and Ubatuba, and the Amazon Rainforest.
 - The country and its islands span 4 different time zones, but the main Brazil time zone is Brasília time, which is GMT/UTC -3. This is 2 hours ahead of New York and 3 hours behind London.
 - Summer in Brazil spans from December through March, and winter is from June to September. Since the country is so large, the best time to visit can vary depending on where you are heading.
Get more information by reading the articles below.


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A stock ledger is a set of records with regards to the stock or inventory of the business. Most businesses have stock which they buy and sell at a profit.
These stocks need to be accounted for to ensure that the company is making profit in order to stay in business. Pilferage and damage must be reduced to as low a level as possible. Hence, the stock ledger is a simple but important recording document.
It is to record the type of stock the business acquires and tracks its flow. The selling and purchase prices of every stock are recorded to compute the profit or loss. The quantity of stock is also recorded to ensure that the company will not lose business due to unavailable stock. This column of information prompts the company to reorder its required stock.
The expiry date of a stock is also registered to ensure that the stock is not sold beyond its expiry date. This information will allow the company to move out stocks nearing their expiry dates quickly while ordering new stock.
A stock ledger helps to identify popular or fast moving stocks and slow moving stocks. This will help the company increase its profits with more fast moving stock.
The stock ledger template may contain:
* Company Name
* Received date / Issue date
* Quantity Order
* Quantity Received
* Quantity Issued
* Batch number
Consider the attached sample template for your convenience.


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Hi there! Welcome to the second blog post on our high-performance stream processor Wallaroo.
This post assumes that you are familiar with the basics of what Wallaroo is and the features that it provides. If you aren't, you should read "Hello Wallaroo!" first.
People often ask us, "what's the secret sauce?" What they mean is, "how does Wallaroo get those great performance numbers?" This post is an attempt to answer those questions.
At a high level, Wallaroo's performance comes from a combination of design choices and constant vigilance. Wallaroo uses an actor-model approach that encapsulates data, minimizes coordination, and brings state close to the computation. We test every feature for performance. We reimplement functionality when we find performance lacking. During this post, we will touch on many of these topics and at the end, provide some additional reading you can do if you are interested in learning more.
Let's start with Wallaroo's language of implementation. While it is possible to write programs that perform poorly in any programming language, some make it more difficult to write efficient programs. We wrote Wallaroo in a high-performance, actor-based language called Pony. Pony programs compile down to highly efficient native code via LLVM that can achieve performance equivalent to C.
Pony comes with a runtime that provides many desirable features. It provides an actor-based programming model that makes it easy to write lockless, high-performance code. The runtime itself comes with an efficient work-stealing scheduler that is used to schedule actors in a CPU friendly fashion. By default, a program will start one scheduler thread per CPU. When combined with CPU pinning on operating systems such as Linux, this can allow for CPU cache friendly programs. Rather than a large number of threads stepping on one another to get access to a given CPU, each CPU is dedicated to a single thread.
One of our goals with Wallaroo has been consistent, stable performance. Pony's actor model implementation helps us achieve this by having no "stop-the-world" garbage collection phase, unlike the Java Virtual Machine. The JVM has a single large heap that requires all threads to be stopped to collect garbage. In the Pony runtime, each actor has its own heap that can be garbage collected by a single scheduler thread without impacting on the rest of the threads running in the process. There's never a point in time when a Wallaroo application is doing nothing but collecting garbage. The result of this ongoing concurrent garbage collection is predictable performance. Many Wallaroo applications see a difference in latencies between the median and the 99.99% of less than 1 millisecond whereas JVM applications often measure that gap in terms of hundreds of milliseconds.
In a clustered environment like Wallaroo, this consistency can become a huge source of performance gains. Imagine, if you will, two processes that feature stop-the-world garbage collection that are working together. Process A feeds data into Process B. Any time Process A experiences a garbage collection, no other processing will be done and Process B ends up starved for work. The stop-the-world pause on process A ends up acting as a stop-the-world for our cluster of machines. The same interaction can happen when process B experiences a stop-the-world event. When B is no longer able to process work, A will start to become backlogged and will either have to 1) exert backpressure to slow all producers down, or 2) queue large amounts of work that it needs to send to B thereby increasing the likelihood that it will soon experience a garbage collection event. Wallaroo never suffers from such cross worker pauses because there is never a stop-the-world garbage collection event to completely halt processing.
The problems that stop-the-world garbage collection can cause in a clustered environment are covered in depth in "Trash Day: Coordinating Garbage Collection in Distributed Systems".
Wallaroo builds on top of this efficient runtime with highly optimized code.
Coordination is a performance killer. Any time we introduce coordination into our designs we introduce a potential bottleneck. Coordination is when two or more components need to agree on something before we can make further progress. Coordination can take many forms. Locks are an example of coordination. Multiple threads need to update some shared data so that it remains consistent. To do this, they coordinate by introducing a lock. Consensus is another form of coordination. We see "consensus as coordination" in our daily office lives. We want to make a major decision. We need to get three people together to discuss a topic. To do this, we have to find a time everyone is available and then wait.
We have designed Wallaroo to avoid coordination. We avoid locks. We design so that individual components can proceed using local knowledge. How large of an impact can coordination have on performance? Let's take a look at one of our early design mistakes. In an early version of Wallaroo, we had "global" routing actors. Every message processed had to pass through one of these routers. Changing message routing was very easy. High-performance was difficult. We have since removed the global router and replaced it with many local routers. This one change in design resulted in an order of magnitude improvement in performance.
The performance and scalability impact of coordination can be huge. In "Silence is Golden", Peter Bailis discusses the topic at length. If you are interested in learning more about how your systems can benefit from a coordination-avoiding design, we suggest you check it out.
In-process coordination-free state
Want to make a streaming data application go slow? Add a bunch of calls to a remote data store. Those calls are going to end up being a bottleneck. To maximize performance, you need to keep your data and computation close to each other.
Imagine an application that tracks the price activity of stocks. We want to be able to update the state of each stock as fast as possible. We have at our disposal three sixteen-core computers. We want to put all forty-eight cores to work updating price information. To achieve this, we need to be able to update each stock independently.
Wallaroo's state object API provides independent, parallelizable individual state "entities." In our application, each state object would be the data for a given stock symbol. In "Life Beyond Distributed Transactions", Pat Helland presents a means of avoiding data coordination. Wallaroo's "state objects" closely resemble the independent "entities" that Pat discusses as being key to scaling distributed data systems. The state object API makes it easy to partition state to avoid coordination among partitions.
Measure the "cost" of every feature
In the end, Wallaroo performance comes down to careful measurement. The performance of computer applications is often surprising. Who among us hasn't made an innocent looking change and suffered a massive performance degradation? Recognizing this reality, we've adopted a simple solution. As we add features or otherwise make changes to Wallaroo, we test the impact those features have on performance.
We seek to keep the latency overhead of any feature as small as possible. Why keep the latency as low as possible? Lowering per-feature latency is a key to increasing throughput. Increased throughput means we can do the same amount of work with fewer resources. Not clear? Don't worry, let's take a look.
Imagine for a moment a simple Wallaroo application. It takes some input, does a computation or two, and creates some output. We're going to measure performance in "units of work." Each unit of work takes the same amount of time. If two different computations take 1 unit of work each, they take the same amount of time. Our application has a total units of work it takes to turn an input into an output. Each input takes a total of 7 units of work to complete. Of those, 4 units of work are user computations and 3 for Wallaroo overhead. Let's further imagine that our computer can do 30 units of work at any one time. Given that processing 1 message requires 7 units of work, this means at most, we can process 4 messages at a time.
30 / 7 ≈ 4
Now, let's say that we can lower our Wallaroo overhead from 3 units to 1. If we do that, it will only take 5 units of work to process a message. And with that change, we can handle 6 messages at a time. That's a 50% improvement over what we were doing before!
30 / 5 = 6
That's a simple, contrived example but the basic logic holds in the real world. The less time it takes to complete a given task, the more times we can complete that task. We take this approach every day when building Wallaroo. Watch the overhead; take fewer resources to do the work; save money.
Give Wallaroo a try
If you are interested in giving Wallaroo a try, email us at _EMAIL_. If you are interested in learning more about Wallaroo, you can join the Wallaroo mailing list or follow us on Twitter to stay up to date on the news about Wallaroo. We have some more technically in-depth blog posts planned including:
- A look inside the implementation of our Python API
- Wallaroo basics including what a Wallaroo application looks like
- A deeper dive into Wallaroo performance
- Exactly-once processing
- How we use Lineage-driven Fault Injection to test Wallaroo
If you would like a demo or to talk about how Wallaroo can help your business today, please get in touch by emailing _EMAIL_.
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(one of the five given in the previous paragraph or
n specifies the maximum number of vector elements to read from the connection: if fewer are available a shorter vector will be returned. Argument
signed allows 1-byte and 2-byte integers to be read as signed (the default) or unsigned integers.
The remaining two arguments are used to write or read data for interchange with another program or another platform. By default binary data is transferred directly from memory to the connection or vice versa. This will not suffice if the data are to be transferred to a machine with a different architecture, but between almost all R platforms the only change needed is that of byte-order. Common PCs ('ix86'-based and 'x86_64'-based machines), Compaq Alpha and Vaxen are little-endian, whereas Sun Sparc, mc680x0 series, IBM R6000, SGI and most others are big-endian. (Network byte-order (as used by XDR, eXternal Data Representation) is big-endian.) To transfer to or from other programs we may need to do more, for example to read 16-bit integers or write single-precision real numbers. This can be done using the
size argument, which (usually) allows sizes 1, 2, 4, 8 for integers and logicals, and sizes 4, 8 and perhaps 12 or 16 for reals. Transferring at different sizes can lose precision, and should not be attempted for vectors containing
Character strings are read and written in C format, that is as a string of bytes terminated by a zero byte. Functions
writeChar provide greater flexibility.
7.5.1 Special values
writeBin will pass missing and special values, although this should not be attempted if a size change is involved.
The missing value for R logical and integer types is
INT_MIN, the smallest representable
int defined in the C header limits.h, normally corresponding to the bit pattern
The representation of the special values for R numeric and complex types is machine-dependent, and possibly also compiler-dependent. The simplest way to make use of them is to link an external application against the standalone
Rmath library which exports double constants
R_NegInf, and include the header Rmath.h which defines the macros
If that is not possible, on all current platforms IEC 60559 (aka IEEE 754) arithmetic is used, so standard C facilities can be used to test for or set
NaN values. On such platforms
NA is represented by the
NaN value with low-word
0x7a2 (1954 in decimal).
Character missing values are written as
NA, and there are no provision to recognize character values as missing (as this can be done by re-assigning them once read).


HP OpenVMS Systems Documentation
Content starts here
HP OpenVMS DCL Dictionary
Previous Contents Index
Transfers control from your current process (which then hibernates) to the specified process.
The ATTACH and SPAWN commands cannot be used if your terminal has an associated mailbox.
ATTACH [process-name]
Specifies the name of a parent process or spawned subprocess to which control passes. The process must already exist, be part of your current job, and share the same input stream as your current process. However, the process cannot be your current process or a subprocess created with the /NOWAIT qualifier.
Process names can contain from 1 to 15 alphanumeric characters. If a connection to the specified process cannot be made, an error message is displayed.
The process-name parameter is incompatible with the /IDENTIFICATION qualifier.
The ATTACH command allows you to connect your input stream to another process. You can use the ATTACH command to change control from one subprocess to another subprocess or to the parent process.
When you enter the ATTACH command, the parent or "source" process is put into hibernation, and your input stream is connected to the specified destination process. You can use the ATTACH command to connect to a subprocess that is part of a current job left hibernating as a result of the SPAWN/WAIT command or another ATTACH command as long as the connection is valid. (No connection can be made to the current process, to a process that is not part of the current job, or to a process that does not exist. If any of these connections are attempted, an error message is displayed.)
You can also use the ATTACH command in conjunction with the SPAWN/WAIT command to return to a parent process without terminating the created subprocess. See the description of the SPAWN command for more details.
Specifies the process identification (PID) of the process to which terminal control will be transferred. Leading zeros can be omitted. The /IDENTIFICATION qualifier is incompatible with the process-name parameter.
If you omit the /IDENTIFICATION qualifier, you must specify a process name.
The ATTACH command transfers the terminal's control to the subprocess JONES_2.
The ATTACH command switches control from the current process to a process having the PID 30019. Notice that because the /IDENTIFICATION qualifier is specified, the process-name parameter is omitted.
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text:
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|The Simple English Wiktionary has a definition for: waterhole.|
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to watering holes.|
A waterhole or water hole is a depression in the ground in which water can collect.
Waterhole or water hole may also refer to:
- Water hole (radio), an especially quiet region of the electromagnetic spectrum
- The Water Hole, a 1928 Western film
- Waterhole No. 3, a 1967 Western comedy film, a comic remake of The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly
- Watering hole attack, a computer attack strategy
Related pages[change | change source]
- Water well, an excavated hole that is dug to provide water
| This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Waterhole.
If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.


I understand that the V-Accord... :: FR-5 :: FAQ :: Support :: Roland
Q.I understand that the V-Accordion allows me to mix and match the reed sounds, something that is impossible with an acoustic accordion. Can you describe how this is done? (FR-7 / FR-5 / FR-7b / FR-5b)
A.The V-Accordion allows you to create sounds by simulating various acoustic accordion reed configurations. The following shows the reed types and combinations that can be made for the right hand (treble) and left hand (bass and chords).
 1. Treble Section (Treble Part)
 A Treble register may contain up to seven reeds tuned to different pitches ("feet"). Some common reed combinations are:
 - HMML type, used in a wide range of music styles ("Accord" resister)
 - MMM type, which produces the popular musette tone ("Musette" resister)
 - Professional-level HMMML type ("Master" resister)
 The available footages are:
 H ---upper footage (4')
 M ---middle footage (8-', 8, 8+')
 L ---lower footage (16')
 In addition to these, you can also include 2-2/3' and 5-1/3' footages that are unique to the V-Accordion. By assigning a different reed sound to each footage, new and complex sounds can be created.
 - The following table shows the available treble part sounds assigned to the treble register switches, along with their reed settings.
 - Closing the wooden resonance chamber inside an acoustic accordion allows you to attenuate the sound and make it softer. The V-Accordion provides this effect in the following two ways:
 - Individual setting on each reed --- CASSOTTO
 - Whole setting on all reeds --- SORDINA
 Volume adjustment for each reed is also provided.
 2. Bass & chord section (Bass & chord part)
 The V-Accordion provides five bass reeds and three chord reeds to choose from.
 For your reference:
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text: The resolution of ambiguous pronouns is influenced by the preceding linguistic discourse. This raises the question whether the processing of an object pronoun is also influenced by the preceding sentential subject. In an experiment with Dutch adults, we recorded pupil dilation as a measure of the cognitive effort involved in resolving pronominal versus full noun phrase (NP) subjects and pronominal versus reflexive objects. Our results indicate that more effort is needed to resolve a pronominal subject or object compared to a less ambiguous full NP subject or reflexive object. These results support the hypothesis that the ambiguity of a referring expression influences processing. Contrary to our expectations, no evidence was found that the form of the subject influences the processing of a subsequent pronominal object. We conclude that pupillary responses reflect ambiguity resolution in pronoun processing, and that the process to resolve pronouns commences as soon as the pronoun is encountered.


text:
Stux Gallery is pleased to announce the first solo show of drawings and paintings by Hiroshima born, Japanese artist Akikazu Iwamoto. Akikazu creates wildly imaginative, candy-colored paintings and drawings that offer confronting, amusing, and sometimes frightening revelations of our inflated inner desires in their most distilled state.
Akikazu was orphaned at a young age, and raised by his grandmother in a house just one kilometer away from the Atomic Bomb Dome. The images and artifacts of the Bomb affected him greatly during his childhood. The main thrust for his artwork is a general deep-seated sense of wickedness that he believes to exists in every human psyche.
Akikazu cites Maurice Utrillo, an early 20th century painter of emotionally charged Parisian landscapes, as one of his notable inspirations. His works are also influenced by the ethereal colors he witnessed during a trip to Nepal as well as the works of American painter Aaron Johnson and Canadian Marcel Dzama. His visions take place in a comprehensive atmosphere free from the restrictions of reality, where violently mutated creatures, detached body parts and nondescript organic forms are rendered masterfully, contending an inherent connection between violence and innocence.
In Collector 2, a tiger with five arms and a thousand legs, which represents the artist himself, is dressed in neon yellow dress. Small, smiling monsters float about leisurely, and a growth from the tiger's ear impales a creature that seems to be attempting to hop over the tiger like a pole-vaulter. The characters hover above a receding blue background, and all signs of violence and feral grotesqueness evaporate temporarily beneath Iwamoto's candied colors and balanced composition.
His vast portfolio of drawings further showcases his powerful imagination, and sheds light on his enigmatic compositional processes. Delicately rendered with pastels and colored pencils, these images offer spontaneous, experimental, stand-alone frames that, in their totality, form a panorama of his mental kingdom. They often emanate a sense of mystery that supplements the excitement and energy of his canvases. Their sketchbook-like quality inserts a reporter's notebook-sensibility that makes these jarring, candid scenes from his psychological landscape simultaneously personable and haunting.


text:
Can Flood Geology Explain Thick Chalk Beds?
by Andrew A. Snelling, Ph.D.
Published in: Creation Ex Nihilo Technical Journal, volume 8, number 1, pp. 11-15.
© 1994 Creation Science Foundation Published with permission. All rights reserved.
Most people would have heard of, or seen (whether in person or in photographs), the famous White Cliffs of Dover in southern England. The same beds of chalk are also found along the coast of France on the other side of the English Channel. The chalk beds extend inland across England and northern France, being found as far north and west as the Antrim Coast and adjoining areas of Northern Ireland. Extensive chalk beds are also found in North America, through Alabama, Mississippi, and Tennessee (the Selma Chalk), in Nebraska and adjoining states (the Niobrara Chalk), and in Kansas (the Fort Hayes Chalk) (Pettijohn, 1957).
Chalk Beds, Flood Geology, Hardgrounds
For Full Text
Please see the Download PDF link above for the entire article.


text:
April 10, 2023
Éva Tardos, the Jacob Gould Schurman Professor of Computer Science and department chair in the Cornell Ann S. Bowers College of Computing and Information Science, has been awarded the Brouwer Medal Award by the Netherlands Mathematical Congress (NMC) for her enduring contributions to the field of discrete mathematics.
In selecting Tardos, the NMC – the main congress of the Royal Dutch Mathematical Society – cited her influential work in combinatorial optimization, approximation algorithms, and algorithmic game theory.
"We are impressed by the many contributions that Éva Tardos has made throughout her career, as a leading researcher shaping the research fields that she is active in," the NMC jury wrote in their announcement. The award is named after Luitzen Egbertus Jan Brouwer, a Dutch mathematician and philosopher who is considered one of the great mathematical minds of the 20th century. "Her results have also impacted a broad range of application fields, ranging from operations research to network analysis."
The jury also commended her skills and efforts in being a role model and mentor to a new generation of researchers.
As part of the award, Tardos will present a talk at the NMC's Scientific Days conference on April 12.


191.png -cubes in an oriented manifolds192.png -dimensional manifold manifolds193.png and manifolds194.png is a manifolds195.png -form on manifolds196.png such that manifolds197.png outside of manifolds198.png, then
Proof: We have
where manifolds201.png and we have used the assumption that manifolds202.png is zero outside of manifolds203.png It remains to show that
But, if manifolds205.png, then we have
since manifolds207.png The result now follows by the change of variables formula for integrals.
We can now define integrals. Let manifolds208.png be a k-form on an oriented k-dimensional manifold manifolds209.png. Choose an open cover manifolds210.png of manifolds211.png such that for each manifolds212.png, there is an orientation preserving singular manifolds213.png -cube manifolds214.png with manifolds215.png Let manifolds216.png be a partition of unity for manifolds217.png subordinate to this cover. Define
where manifolds219.png was chosen so that manifolds220.png is zero outside of an compact subset of manifolds221.png and manifolds222.png is is an orientation preserving singular manifolds223.png -cube with manifolds224.png Then just as in Chapter 3, the value of this integral is independent of the choice of manifolds225.png, manifolds226.png, and manifolds227.png.
Now suppose we have a manifolds228.png -dimensional manifold-with-boundary manifolds229.png with orientation manifolds230.png. Let manifolds231.png be the orientation induced by manifolds232.png on manifolds233.png. Let manifolds234.png be an orientation-preserving manifolds235.png -cube in manifolds236.png such that manifolds237.png lies in manifolds238.png and this is the only face which contains any interior points of manifolds239.png. Then manifolds240.png is orientation preserving if and only manifolds241.png is even. In particular, if manifolds242.png is a manifolds243.png -form on manifolds244.png which is zero outside of manifolds245.png, we have
Now manifolds247.png appears with coefficient manifolds248.png in the definition of manifolds249.png. So,
This explains the strange choice of signs in the definition of the induced orientation on manifolds251.png
8.3 Stokes' Theorem for Manifolds-with-Boundary
Theorem 1: (Stokes' Theorem) Let manifolds252.png be a compact oriented manifolds253.png -dimensional manifold-with-boundary and manifolds254.png be a manifolds255.png -form on manifolds256.png. Then
where manifolds258.png is oriented with the orientation induced from that of manifolds259.png
Proof: Begin with two special cases: First assume that there is an orientation preserving manifolds260.png -cube in manifolds261.png such that manifolds262.png outside of manifolds263.png Using our earlier Stokes' Theorem, we get
since manifolds265.png on manifolds266.png But manifolds267.png also since manifolds268.png on manifolds269.png
The second case is where there is an orientation-preserving singular manifolds270.png -cube in manifolds271.png such that manifolds272.png is the only face containing points of manifolds273.png and manifolds274.png outside of manifolds275.png One has:
For the general case, choose an open cover manifolds277.png of manifolds278.png and a partition of unity manifolds279.png subordinate to manifolds280.png such that for each manifolds281.png, the form manifolds282.png is as in one of the two cases already considered. Since manifolds283.png is compact, one has a finite sum:
But then,
8.4 Volume
In manifolds286.png, the volume can be calculated as the integral of the form manifolds287.png. We would like to find a generalization to manifolds of this differential form.
If manifolds288.png is a manifolds289.png -dimensional manifold, then the usual inner product on manifolds290.png induces an inner product on each of the tangent spaces of manifolds291.png. (Recall that an inner product of V is a bilinear form manifolds292.png such that manifolds293.png for all manifolds294.png.) With an inner product, one can define an orthonormal basis to be one of the form manifolds295.png where manifolds296.png where manifolds297.png is the Kronecker manifolds298.png. Now, if manifolds299.png and manifolds300.png are both orthonormal bases, then we can write manifolds301.png. In particular, one calculates:
which can be expressed as a matrix equation manifolds303.png where manifolds304.png is the matrix with entries manifolds305.png Taking determinants of this means that manifolds306.png In particular, if manifolds307.png where manifolds308.png is a vector space of dimension manifolds309.png, then
Proposition 4: manifolds310.png is constant for all orthonormal bases of manifolds311.png of the same orientation.
Definition 3: Let manifolds312.png be an oriented manifolds313.png -dimensional manifold in manifolds314.png. Then a manifolds315.png -form manifolds316.png on manifolds317.png is called a volume element if manifolds318.png for all orientation preserving orthonormal bases manifolds319.png
Example: Consider the case of 2-dimensional oriented manifolds in manifolds320.png Let manifolds321.png be the outward normal at manifolds322.png. Then define manifolds323.png by
By the definition of the outward normal, manifolds325.png is a volume element. Further, if manifolds326.png is an orthonormal basis of the same orientation as manifolds327.png, one has:
Also, expanding as cofactors of the last row, one gets
On manifolds330.png, one can compute for manifolds331.png using manifolds332.png for some manifolds333.png, that
Letting manifolds335.png, and manifolds336.png, we get:
Proposition 4: Let manifolds337.png be an oriented 2-dimensional manifold in manifolds338.png and let manifolds339.png be the unit outward normal. Then the volume element manifolds340.png satisfies:
Further, on manifolds342.png, one has:
To calculate a surface area, we need to evaluate manifolds344.png for an orientation preserving singular 2-cube manifolds345.png. The integrand is
(See Problem 4.9, part e.)
8.4 Classical Stokes' Theorem
Three separate results will be shown to be special cases of our Stokes' Theorem.
Theorem 2: (Green's Theorem) Let manifolds348.png be a compact 2-dimensional manifold-with-boundary. Suppose that manifolds349.png are differentiable. Then
Proof: This is just Stoke's Theorem in the case of a 1-form.
Theorem 3: (Divergence Theorem) Let manifolds351.png be a compact 3-dimensional manifold-with-boundary and manifolds352.png be the unit outward normal on manifolds353.png. Let manifolds354.png be a differentiable vector field on manifolds355.png Then
In terms of manifolds357.png, this amounts to:
Proof: Define manifolds359.png Then manifolds360.png Further, Proposition 4 says that:
So, we see that this is also a special case of Stokes' Theorem
Theorem 4: (Stokes' Theorem) Let manifolds362.png be a compact oriented 2-dimensional manifold-with-boundary and manifolds363.png be the unit outward normal on manifolds364.png determined by the orientation on manifolds365.png. Let manifolds366.png have the induced orientation. Let manifolds367.png be the vector field on manifolds368.png with manifolds369.png and manifolds370.png be a differentiable vector field in an open set containing manifolds371.png. Then
In terms of manifolds373.png, this amounts to:
Proof: Let manifolds375.png on manifolds376.png be defined by manifolds377.png Again, using Proposition 4, we get:
Since manifolds379.png, one has
as one can see by evaluating each equation at manifolds381.png. It follows that
So, this is also a special case of our earlier Stokes' Theorem.


text:
Think history is just a boring list of names and dates? Think again. There's hundreds of amusing stories that they don't tell you in history class. Some of those have to do with deaths, because let's be honest, people sometimes die in ironic and downright ridiculous ways. Some, like the curious case of the Greek writer Philitas, died because of an obsession. Others, like the case of John Sedgwick, were hit with the right arm of perfect irony. A while back, we did an article on five of history's most ridiculous deaths. Here's six more:
1. Death by Beard
Back during the Renaissance, circa 1567, Hans Steininger, a man living in Austria, became famous for having the world's longest beard. Sources have cited that, at its peak length, his beard was over a meter and a half long! That's almost five feet! Well, reportedly, he died because of his beard. One day, he tripped over his majestic mane, lost his balance, and fell, snapping his neck. His death was almost instantaneous.
2. Death by Academia
Philitas of Cos was a Greek philosopher who lived during the 300s-200s BC. He was, in fact, the first Greek writer who was both scholar and poet. Not much is known about his life, but according to other Greek historians and writers, Philitas was so obsessed with his work that he literally wasted away and died because he was too busy and scholarly to eat. How's that for dedication?
3. Death by Safe
According to what history tells us, Jack Daniel (yes, the guy that created the alcohol brand), died by kicking a safe. The story goes that he came to work one morning to fill out paperwork. At one point, he had to get the safe open, but couldn't remember the combination and got so frustrated that he tried to kick it open.
Well, he actually injured his foot so badly by kicking the safe that the limb began to develop gangrene, and even after the foot was amputated, the gangrene spread up his limbs and killed him. He died on October 10, 1911 when he was 61 years old.
4. Death by Irony
During the American Civil War, John Sedgwick was a general fighting on the Union side. During one particular fight, he made fun of his soldiers for running away from the Confederates, who were 1,000 yards away and raining down heavy fire.
He was recorded as shouting, over the sound of the gunfire: "[The Confederates] couldn't hit an elephant at this distance!".
A few seconds later, a Confederate sharpshooter shot him in the eye. The shot killed him immediately. How's that for irony?
5. Death by a Quest for Immortality
You've probably heard of the famous Terracotta Army — the hundreds of thousands of life-sized clay figurines all created to guard the ancient Chinese Emperor Qin during his afterlife. We hear a lot about Emperor Qin and his vast necropolis full of treasures. What we don't hear about often is what caused his death. Ironically, he died because of his obsessive quest for eternal life. During his last years, Emperor Qin feared death and began to desperately search for the "elixir of life" that would grant him immortality. He fell prey to many false physicians who sold him hoax medicines that were supposed to make him immortal. In the end, one of his alchemists gave him three mercury pills. He ingested them, hoping that they would give him eternal life, and promptly died of mercury poisoning.
6. Death by Molasses Flood
During a cold January day in 1919, in a freak accident that has become a part of local folklore in Boston, a disaster occurred. A storage tank in Boston exploded, unleashing a wave of molasses that ripped through the area at a whopping 35 km per hour, killing over 21 people and injuring 150. For decades after, Boston locals have claimed that, during particularly warm summer days, they can still smell molasses.


text:
The momentum distribution of positronium (Ps) in BaF2 single crystal has been investigated in a temperature range from 10 to 297K. The existence of the delocalized and localized Ps has been confirmed. The momentum distribution of the delocalized Ps, a central peak at zero momentum and satellite peaks at the momenta corresponding to the reciprocal lattice vectors, has a large width even at 10K. The width is almost independent of temperature. The behavior is different from that of the delocalized Ps in other ionic crystals. This indicates that the delocalized Ps in BaF2 is strongly coupled to the phonon field.
- Angular correlation of positron annihilation radiation
- Delocalized state
- Momentum distribution
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Physics and Astronomy(all)


text:
O ye, of little faith
This is the rebuke levelled at the disciples of Christ, when seeming to doubt his divinity. The phrase is also more widely used to describe any Christian doubter. In a secular setting it may be intended as a humorous jibe when doubting someone's abilities.
There are several places in the Bible in which this phrase is used with reference to those who demonstrate their lack of faith in Jesus' power to perform miracles. Here is an example from Miles Coverdale's Bible, 1535:
Luke 12:27 Considre the lilies vpo the felde, how they growe: they laboure not, they spynne not. But I saye vnto you: that euen Salomen in all his royalte was not clothed like one of these.
Luke 12:28 Wherfore yf God so cloth the grasse, yt is to daye in ye felde, and tomorow shalbe cast in to the fornace, how moch more shal he clothe you, o ye of litle faith?
In the 17th century, the people that we would now call atheists were called nullfidians. The state of insufficient faith was also of common enough interest to be given a name - petty fidianism. John Trapp, in his Commentary on the Gospel of Matthew, 1647, recorded the term:
"O ye of little faith. Ye petty fidians; He calleth them not nullifidians."


Email Customer Element
The Email Customer element is an Activity element. It should be the child element of Wait Selection element. It has a Send Email action and a couple of additional actions that calculate the event_seconds variable.
Here is the send email action:
The element then calculates the event_seconds variable, which represents how many seconds to the webinar start time. We calculate this variable so that we can text the customer 15 minutes before the webinar.
So when event_seconds is less than 900 (15 minutes), the engine notifies the customer by a text message. This is defined in the Notify Now element. If it is longer than 15 minutes, it schedules the text message by setting up a timer. This action is defined in the Wait 15 element, which we will create later.


text: Mountain summits present a unique challenge to manage sustainably: they are ecologically important and, in many circumstances, under high demand for recreation and tourism activities. This article presents recent advances in the assessment of resource conditions and visitor disturbance in mountain summit environments, by drawing on examples from a multiyear, interdisciplinary study of summits in the northeastern United States. Primary impact issues as a consequence of visitor use, such as informal trail formation, vegetation disturbance, and soil loss, were addressed via the adaption of protocols from recreation ecology studies to summit environments. In addition, new methodologies were developed that provide measurement sensitivity to change previously unavailable through standard recreation monitoring protocols. Although currently limited in application to the northeastern US summit environments, the methods presented show promise for widespread application wherever summits are in demand for visitor activities.