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Module Bracket Erase
Module BracketErase
Program version BASIC 2D PRO 3D PRO LAB OMS
Availablility n/a n/a optional optional optional
The module Bracket Erase can be used to remove brackets and bands in a model scan. By removing these parts from the scan, you can create finishing aligners, splints or retainers, before the brackets are actually removed from the patient.
Ideally, a segmented scan of the patient from before the bracket treatment is used to replace the removed bracket geometry with the exact surface of the actual teeth of the patient.
First Steps
 1. Segment both the current scan with brackets as well as the initial malocclusion scan
 2. Open Bracket Erase module with the current scan
 3. Load the malocclusion scan as a reference scan
 4. Use automatic or manual bracket selection to define the geometry that should be replaced
 5. Select the option "Replace whole tooth" to remove bands
 6. Select the option "Show Refence" to see the fitting of the reference surface
Module user interface
en/bracketerase.txt · Last modified: 2021/04/29 10:42 by onyxadmin


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some related links, here and Jaynes's maxent and action, also check the generalised formulations of entropy (2dd law) for both equilibrium and non-quilibrium thermodynamics – Nikos M. Jun 17 '14 at 17:21
6 Answers 6
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Technically everything seems to be correct and indeed answers half of the OP's question. – Yrogirg Dec 30 '12 at 17:52
Concerning the second point --- how to you derive the form of $\mathcal L$? Shouldn't you here effectively postulate Hamiltonian mechanics? – Yrogirg Dec 31 '12 at 3:51
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As Joannes says, the two principles belong to two different theories:
 - the least action principle is a principle about the (conservative) laws of motion and a proposition about the paths actually followed by the degrees of freedom of mechanical bodies
 - the maximum entropy principle refers either to thermodynamics to figure out in which direction will a transformation occur or more generally to Bayesian inference theory and is rarely concerned with dynamics
They are thus quite different beasts conceptually and, although there may be some overlaps between the two in some instances, I would not recommend, as a matter of principle, to think that these two things are closely related as it is not the case.
As for "deriving" one from the other, at the very least we should agree first about what are the axioms we start from.
For instance, some versions of Crook's fluctuation theorem enable one to get something very close to a maximum entropy principle (on average) "from" simply hamiltonian mechanics (which I would put on the same footing as the least action principle for now) but it is clear that the theorem relies a lot on probability theory (and possibly on Bayesian inference) which, in my view at least, is outside the scope of the least action principle alone.
I think that's an important shift to notice even when invoking Liouville's theorem which is a theorem that makes propositions about probability densities and not about trajectories.
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I am sorry for the joke about consciousness. Jokes sometimes lower entropy; apparently did not succeed this time. There is indeed a lot of confusion related to the second law. The "proof" of Jaynes as many others have additional assumptions that seem innocuous. They are not. The best is to depart from too general theorems, since in difference to math. in physics they very often come with external assumptions that seem as I said innocuous, but difficult to assess rigorously.Let us consider a particular case of Hamiltonian equations; the Euler equations with Euler fictitious force. There are no rigorously ideal fluids in nature, but for many problems fluid mechanical problems can be treated with the EQ with zero viscosity. But this is a rigorously Hamiltonian equation with uncountable number of topological invariants and as many steady state solutions. The real equations to describe fluid flows is empirical Navier-Stokes equations, the NSE with viscous term in the r.h.s. In a steady state and assuming the flow in the infinite domain and the fluid having nonzero but tending to zero viscosity the flow will be highly turbulent, because the NSE are scale invariant and the flows nature is determined by a dimensionless parameter proportional to inverse viscosity. Since it tends to zero this parameter tends to infinity and this means turbulent flow; in simlest case homogeneous and isotropic. The flow is stirred at some large scale coherently, say by the coherent paddles of the same size. Therefore the initial forced flow has just one harmonic, it is perfectly coherent. The fictitious Euler force however splits this coherent motion into large number of vortices of sequentially smaller and smaller scales. Eventually they will become so small that the viscous term in the r.h.s. becomes large even though the viscosity is arbitrary small. the number of the small vortices will tend to infinity as inverse part of the viscosity power 3/4 if I am not mistaken. Obviously the number of degrees of freedom hat was one for the coherent large scale motion is now infinite. And they are mainly uncorrelated; this is not really true but they almost uncorrelated. In the kinetic sense their entropy as just the number of degrees of freedom is huge and all this now chaotic energy dissipates into heat, a totally chaotic infrared heat. So what happened? I will explain what happened tomorrow. In the meantime I just mention that there is no analytic transition from viscosity tending to zero and viscosity equal to zero. If not for this nonanalyticity fish would not swim and birds and aircrafts would not fly; remarkably the lift force does not depend on viscosity; but this is an illusion because if viscosity was zero there would be no lift at all. In fact the ideal fluid flows are just the uncountable e number of diffeomorphisms and since there can be no observer immersed into ideal fluid
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This is very hard to follow. Can you work on spacing the ideas out into paragraphs? – Brandon Enright Jul 1 at 21:19
Its a long time controversy. The Hamiltonian time reversible equations are as a matter of common sense not capable and incompatible with the second law. Moreover if in any system like Earth or Cosmos the growth of order is observed it means that the system is open and fed with negative entropy flux by a source of coherent momentum/energy. Moreover if the system does not increase the global energy it means that the coherent energy and negative entropy flux is compensated by dissipation of chaotic energy with many more uncorrelated degrees of freedom, while the global "order" of the system grows, or its global entropy diminishes. This is a kinetic process when a system is open with external to this system coherent source of momentum/energy and having a sink for disposal of chaotic, weakly correlated degrees of freedom. Such kinetic systems and processes are not subject to time reversible Hamiltonian equations of physics. Its obvious; basta. Unfortunately all systems in Cosmos and Cosmos itself are open systems. Earth is obviously one (read Schroudinger 1944, What is Life. But Cosmos is also an open system. The acceleration of Hubble expansion is an incontrovertible proof. Its hard to understand how some don't see it. This is not just the positive sign negative pressure fantasmagory of cosmological constant. It is dark energy source of coherent momentum/energy flux into our Cosmos which is a subdomain embedded into the timeless continuum of dark energy. The global energy is dissipated as chaotic at the Planck scale; the MBH is the sink. Order stays in our Cosmos and is growing from the BB. This is why baryon matter and we exist and are concerned with the kinetic second law and some even with the meaning of life. Look at (E. Levich, 2014 and 2015) for the calculations and elaborations; also for enhancement of consciousness.
Eugene Levich
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This does not seem to clearly make a physics-based argument around the question. It also seems to be heading directly towards non-mainstream physics when mentioning, e.g., 'the enhancement of consciousness'. If you wish to edit and focus on the physics of the question, please do so. – Jon Custer Jun 30 at 13:33
Formatting breaks might also help; the markdown on Stack Exchange uses two lines for paragraph breaks, rather than the normal one line. – Kyle Kanos Jun 30 at 14:17
"The Hamiltonian time reversible equations are as a matter of common sense not capable and incompatible with the second law" This is a common misconception, maintained by misunderstanding of the second law and misidentifying $\int -\rho\log \rho\, dqdp$ with quantity that is always supposed to describe thermodynamic entropy. Jaynes has shown how to derive 2nd law from Hamiltonian mechanics and other additional assumptions (probabilistic and experimental, which do not belong to mechanics). bayes.wustl.edu/etj/articles/gibbs.vs.boltzmann.pdf – Ján Lalinský Jun 30 at 20:53
I am sorry for the joke about consciousness. Jokes sometimes lower entropy; apparently did not succeed this time. – eugene levich Jul 1 at 19:46
protected by Qmechanic Jul 1 at 21:14
Would you like to answer one of these unanswered questions instead?


6. Add Ethereum contract address to denylist 7. Add TRON TRC10 ID or TRC20 owner contract address to allowlist
How To Add Files
If you are not familiar with GitHub or Git, the process of adding new tokens may look complicated at first glance, but it consists of only a few steps, and is not very complicated.
Basics, Prerequisites
The assets repository is maintained in GitHub, the largest hosting for open source projects. You need a GitHub account to interact with it.
To do changes in the assets repository, you need to create a personal copy called a fork.
Once the changes are prepared inside the fork, you need to create a pull request to the main repository. Upon review the maintainers will accept your pull request, and the changes will be incorporated.
Adding files using GitHub web page
 1. Press on Fork in the top right corner, wait for process to complete.
 Note: if you already have a fork, it should be updated: easiest is to remove the fork and create it afresh.
 2. Navigate to desire chain folder you want to add asset
 3. Prepare on your local drive a folder corresponding to the token cortact.
 4. Copy the logo image as logo.png into the folder (and optional info file).
 5. Simply drag and drop the folder to active window
 6. In Commit changes box:
 - Add files via upload add meaningfull comment what you adding to the repo
 - optional: In Add an optional extended description write a comment about upload
 - optional: adjust fork branch name
 7. Click on Propose changes
 8. Press on Create pull request
Adding files using GitHub Desktop application
The steps are similar to using the web page, but the desktop app has more control for overwriting the files, branching, pushing.
Adding files using command-line
 1. Fork the repository to your own GitHub account
 2. Clone fork and create new branch:
git clone [email protected]:YOUR_HANDLE/assets.git
cd assets
git checkout -b
 1. Add asset to appropriate directory, the folder strcture documentation will help you
 2. Commit and push to your fork
git add -A
git commit -m "Add
git push origin
 1. From your repo clone page make a new PR (pull request)
Due to an increasing number of pull request (and proportional checking & merging effort), a modest fee is required for processing a pull request, payable in cryptocurrency. Follow the instructions in the pull request for completing the fee payment.
See the fee FAQ
Why is the build on my pull request red?
Contributions in a pull request are verified by an automated build. The checks fail if something is wrong, like to logo is too large or an Ethereum contract is not in checksum format. Checks the exact error message in the build to find out the problem.
Why is there a merge conflict in my pull request?
A merge conflict happens if the same file has been modified in the pull request, and also in the master branch since the fork was created. With assets repo, this typically caused by using a fork that was created long ago. The simplest solution in this case is to delete your pull request, delete your fork, create a new fork, and create a new PR. Alternatively, a merge conflict can be resolved using git command line, but Git skills are required. A pull request can also happen when overriding an existing logo.
Why I don't see my token in search after PR was merged?
After PR was merged, it may take some time, but not longer than one hour, until search will show the new logo.
Why do I still see old logo in Trust Wallet after uploaded new one?
Both clients, Android and iOS keep old image cache for up to a few days. In order to see changes immediately, reinstall Trust Wallet. But as always, make sure you have a backup of all your wallets.
What is smart contract deprecation?
A process of removing smart contract information such as (token logo and info) from this repository. Removed contract address will be added to the denylist and, as a result, will no longer be present in token search results inside the TW app. Why would you want to do this?. You are contract owner or just good samaritan who noticed contract to be no longer "active" and was an upgrade and abandoned by owning organization, involved in a scam, mimicking by its name or/and symbol a real contract. All facts must be supported with a link to any resource proving these statements.
How to use it? (For Developers)
--> For developers
Token Status
active - Token meets the standard requirements in terms of holders (2,500) and transactions (5,000).
spam - Token that is distribtued to a large number of recepients that have no inherent value or has been verified as a dishonest scheme or fraud.
abandoned - Token with very low activity (below 100 token transfers a year), migrated to mainnet or to a new contract.
No longer active
Used in Projects
 - 0x Tracker - The 0x Protocol Trade Explorer and news aggregator.
 - Uniswap - Uniswap is a protocol for automated token exchange on Ethereum.
 - LinkDrop - A customer acquisition platform for DApps. The easiest crypto onboarding.
 - Aragon − Aragon is platform and network for decentralized organizations.
 - SpiderDEX - Decentralized exchange for crypto collectibles.
 - Zerion — A simple interface to decentralized finance.
Trust Wallet team allows anyone to submit new assets to this repository. However, this does not mean that we are in direct partnership with all of the projects.
Trust Wallet team will reject projects that are deemed as scam or fraudulent after careful review. Trust Wallet team reserves the right to change the terms of asset submissions at any time due to changing market conditions, risk of fraud, or any other factors we deem relevant.


text:
In the electromagnetic field computation in consideration of nonlinear magnetic anisotropy, the solution by the Newton-Raphson method has some problems which are an asymmetric matrix and poor convergence characteristic. We applied the Fixed-Point method to the electromagnetic field computation in consideration of nonlinear magnetic anisotropy and examined the usefulness of the Fixed-Point method through comparing the Fixed-Point method with the ordinary Newton-Raphson method. The Fixed-Point method with a symmetric matrix is quite faster than the Newton-Raphson method with an asymmetric matrix. Therefore, the Fixed-Point method is a very useful technique in nonlinear magnetic anisotropy problems.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
A Smoothed RSI Inverse Fisher Transform by Sylvain Vervoort
This indicator gives clear entry and exit signals, so your trading decisions are easier.
The Fisher transform has been a familiar concept to Stocks & Commodities readers in recent years following its introduction in 2002 by frequent S&C contributor John Ehlers. Its creator, Ronald Fisher, was one of the leading scientists of the 20th century, making major contributions to statistics, evolutionary biology, and genetics. Ehlersí 2004 followup applied an inverse Fisher transform to the relative strength index (Rsi), changing what was a good turning-point indicator to one that fine-tuned the timing of possible entry and exit points. Here is the inverse Fisher transform formula:
y = (Exp(2 * x) - 1)/(Exp(2 * x) + 1)
where x is the input value and y is the transformed value.
Figure 1 shows a plot of the inverse Fisher transform. The transform creates boundaries to keep the output value in the range between ‑1 to +1. Input values larger than 2 generate a result close to 1, while input values less than ‑2 generate a result close to ‑1. This boundary characteristic is useful with any indicator moving between two fixed values, like the relative strength index (Rsi).


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Kenyan Schools and Greenhouse Synergies
MidPway between Nairobi and Mombassa is Mtito Andei, a rural town in Kenya that has been hard hit by both climate change and the AIDS epidemic. The town is popular stop for truck drivers to spend the night. The Global Roots Children's Garden at Matangini elementary School has convinced impoverished families to send their children back to school, and also funded a greenhouse fitted with an optimal water drip system, making it possible to reduce the water footprint while producing vegetables all year around. Part of the production of vegetables at the school is used to feed HIV positive children before they take heavy doses of AIDS medication. Our Children's Garden in Mtito Andei is not only convincing parents to send their children back to school, it is also saving lives. Keeping children in school in this part of Kenya is critical because Mtito Andei is a place where unattended boys are forcibly recruited into gangs and unskilled girls forced into a lifetime of sexual slavery..


text:
Back to Home Page or Contents Page or Judaism or Index
Nehushta (Hebrew, NChShThN, "brass object") is the serpent of brass made by Moses and placed on a pole (Numbers 21:8-9) to cure the Israelites of the venomous bites of the fiery serpents in the wilderness. The word Nehushtah "thing of brass" contains a Hebrew pun, the first three letters, NChSh, mean "serpent" and the final two, ThN, mean "dragon."
In Christian interpretation, the lifting up of the brass serpent on a pole is generally held to be a prefigurement of Christ, to cure humanity from the "snakebite" of original sin. By Hebrew gematria there is some basis for this assumption, the numerical value of MShICH, "Messiah" and NChSh "serpent" are identical, 358.
During the first and second centuries CE the serpent was worshipped with reverence by the Christian Gnostic sects of the Ophites and Naasseners. These sects worshipped the Biblical serpent of the Garden of Eden that gave knowledge to Adam and Eve. The serpent was considered the hero because he supplied "gnosis" to the first people which God, considered the demiurge, kept from them.
Some magical theorists claim that Nehushtan, the brass serpent, resides in the upper astral plane possesses redemptive powers while Nachash, the serpent of the Tree of Knowledge, resides in the lower astral and possesses negative powers. A.G.H.
Greer, John Michael. The New Encyclopedia of the Occult.
St. Paul, MN, Llewellyn Worldwide. p. 325

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Dutch Antilles
 - Take the plunge: 4 incredible shipwreck dive sites
 By Shira Levine - Fox News
 Those who've sported SCUBA or snorkel gear and submerged beneath the surface of the sea have witnessed the fantastical underworld that lies below.
 Through the lens of a diving mask is a flooded universe where a symphony of plant life sways back and forth to the sub aqua beat, and gangs of fish nose around for something to eat.
 To look out across a seascape is to delve into the dynamic and awe-inspiring; while at the same time observe something dark, scary and lonely.
 While it's not eco-PC to dig man's underwater destruction, it is an otherworldly journey for the imagination to explore a ship or plane wreck via dive or snorkel. Marine life and their eco systems are surprisingly resilient.
 Submerged flora and fauna have no problem hopping onboard and moving into sunken ships once the waters have calmed.
 UNESCO estimates that there are roughly three million shipwrecks worldwide and billions of dollars strewn across the ocean floor.
 Don't get too excited. It costs about $4 million to send an underwater robot to hunt those treasures. Nevertheless, here are five wrecks to wreak exploratory havoc on in bodies of water all around the world.
 MS Antilla
 My first foray with sea wreckage was a close examination of the 400-foot long Antilla -- one of the largest wrecks in the Caribbean. Just off Aruba's Arashi reef, the German freighter was initially used during World War II to provide provisions to submarines patrolling the Dutch Antilles.
 When Germany invaded Holland, Aruba joined forces with the Allies. Anchored in shallow waters, after being ordered to surrender in 24 hours, the German crew obliged, but the captain opted to scuttle the ship rather than let it fall under Allied control.
 The Antilla sits at a shallow depth – peeking out of the surface and maxing out at a mere 60 feet. As a snorkeler, I was both dazzled and terrified by the ghostly presence of a ship that once was and now today is festooned with cheerful sponges, corals and a plethora of marine life that made the ship home.
 SS Yongala
 March marked the 100th anniversary of wreck located in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park in Queensland, Australia.
 The Yongala hit the ocean floor in 1911 but was mysteriously undiscovered for more than 50 years despite all on board perishing. Considered one of the top wrecks in the world, the coral-encrusted ship attracts massive blue gropers and staggering schools of huge trevally, cobia, pinnate batfish and fingermark.
 Not to mention bull sharks, marble rays and juvenile Humpback whales along with thousands of other sea creatures. The sea voyeurism continues when floating up closer to the surface where harmless sea snakes and turtles go about their business.
 Full story...


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What It Means To Be "Green"
Lately, consumers are seeing more and more business, services, and products going green.
Environmental awareness and decreasing natural resources have companies and consumers seeking
ways to reduce their environmental footprint
So, what exactly does it mean to be green? The terms "green" and/or "going green" are
increasingly used to describe products and processes designed or conducted in way that
reduces a negative impact or increases a positive impact on the environment.
Green products put a focus on sustainability as it relates to resource conservation,
efficiency, and renewable alternatives. An understanding of sustainability helps us to
choose products the meet our present needs without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs. While going green encompasses many efforts, some
of the more common are:
- Conserving natural resources
- Controlling and reducing greenhouse gas emissions
- Reducing waste
- Conserving energy and being more energy efficient
- Reducing the use of products that have a negative environmental impact
What Can You Do?
Seeking out and purchasing green products can help to lessen a negative environmental impact,
while encouraging companies to produce more environmentally-conscious products
Some Examples Of Green Products:
- 100% organic cotton goods are made with cotton that is generally grown without the use of
toxic pesticides commonly used on conventional crops
- Footwear that utilizes recycled rubber in soles instead of petroleum-derived polyurethane
- Compact Fluorescent Lightbulbs (CFLs) use significantly less energy and generally burn longer
than traditional incandescent lighting
Since there is no industry standard, a product that claims to be green should include an explanation
of exactly what about the product or its production qualifies it as green. Be sure to look for this before
making a purchasing decision
Some products are innately environmentally positive and are often called "eco-friendly" or
"environmentally-friendly". By design, they have minimum negative impact, or a positive impact,
on the environment.
For example, a bicycle provides a resource-saving transportation option while having a minimal
negative impact on the environment and solar energy provides a non-polluting, non-environmentally-taxing
way to provide power.
Both "green" and "eco-friendly" are evolving terms that relative to environmental conditions and
situations. The best way to go green is to research the items you intend to purchase and compare them
to the alternatives.


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Generosity is a wonderful thing and not only because you're giving to someone else! Generosity is amazing because of the feel good sensation we get in our tummies!
You know when you give something to someone and you see their face light up with excitement and happiness? Isn't that the best feeling ever? You get that warm fuzzy feeling in your stomach, and it makes you happy. It makes everyone feel good when we do nice things for each other. It is the essential key to saving humanity. However, that feeling you feel in your stomach might be more than a warm and fuzzy sensation – it's actually something happening in your brain.
According to a study done in Zurich, the feeling of happiness from giving has a neural basis within the mind. The study explained how acts of generosity trigger a response in the brain. The response in the brain creates the happy feeling! You're never supposed to give while expecting to receive in return, however, you can't escape the happiness of giving. Although it sounds kind of cliche, it's true!
The study was conducted in Zurich and it consisted of 50 people. The volunteers committed to spending money on others for an agreed upon amount of time. The other group spent money on themselves. The researchers found that the group committed to giving money away reported being happier than those who spent it on themselves. The MRI scan revealed an area of the brain linked to generosity that triggered a different part of happiness.
Experts indicated that social support is often overlooked as being beneficial to one's health. A cycle of generous behavior might also be the key to our survival as a species, according to psychology today.


Since fire is a staple of civilization and intelligent life, I though that my microscopic people ( 200 μm - 220 μm ) ought to have it too, but upon researching, I realized that fire can not exist at such small sizes
So my question is : what could these microscopic people use / harness in place of fire?
As a checklist of sorts, the replacement must -
 - Produce heat ( of course )
 - Be sustainable
 - Not be Extremely difficult to produce or obtain
 - Be Transportable
All help is greatly appreciated Thanks
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ The issue is how to prevent it from being put out otherwise happy arsoning😁 $\endgroup$ – user6760 Mar 5 '16 at 6:55
 - 2
 $\begingroup$ Heads up, you may find that a lot of things we take as day to day life cannot work at such small scale. For example, sight. If you really want a scientifically consistent microscopic people, then you'd need to look at real world microscopic organisms and go from there. $\endgroup$ – NPSF3000 Mar 5 '16 at 13:01
 - $\begingroup$ Stephen Baxter wrote some books, in the Xeelee sequence, about microscopic humans that live in a variety of ambients. Maybe the books can offer some inspiration $\endgroup$ – Gianluca Mar 5 '16 at 13:59
 - $\begingroup$ _USER_ while it is true that many micro animals don't have eyesight, others do, like euglenoids and some mites $\endgroup$ – user15036 Mar 5 '16 at 14:07
 - $\begingroup$ _USER_ make sure you understand what sight means at those scales :) $\endgroup$ – NPSF3000 Mar 6 '16 at 3:10
There are 2 main properties of fire: warmth, light.
At a microscopic scale, you can get the warmth directly by respiration. By respiration, I mean processing food (glucose) with oxygen to produce energy. In fact all living organisms have a fire burning in them. Only very very slowly. In fact SE has a very quick check on that too: _URL_ which states that an average adult male dissipates about 120 watts per hour. Which is nearly equivalent to burning 4 kgs of coal per hour.
So then. In order to get warmth at microscopic scale equivalent to fire, you oxidise high-energy chemicals into oxides and derive energy from them. If you want an even higher energy compound than glucose, try respiring with ethyne (acetylene) and oxygen instead of glucose and oxygen. Trust me, you (as a microscopic organism) would NOT regret this!
For light, you are going to use bioluminescence as a living organism. Vertebrates (fish) do that. Marine invertebrates do that. Even bacteria and fungi do that! Why can't you, an intelligent microscopic life form, can do likewise? And if your bodies are unfit for that, you can always domesticate some bioluminescent bacteria or grow a few molds of that fungus. Then harvest it and carefully seal the shiny part (probably some compound of phosphorus) in a non reactant microscopic bag (probably some membrane or something) and carry it wherever you want.
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Great question, but I am not convinced that microscopic people would need fire. Cooking with fire played a role in human evolution by allowing us to spend far less time chewing and digesting. This more efficient transformation of incoming food into energy to grow and run our bodies increased the evolutionary payoff for "spending" energy on brain growth. It also simply freed up time to do other evolutionarily successful things. However microscopic intelligent beings would presumably take in food in a completely different way (absorption?), with a completely different evolution.
The other main roles for fire, warmth and repelling predators, could still apply, but at the scale these people live at their world must be so granular, so much subject to violent buffeting, and generally so utterly different from ours, that there is no reason to suppose any close analogue of fire would be necessary to them. In particular, there is no reason why defence and warmth should be provided the same way.
The third significant role of fire for early humans - to clear and fertilize land in "slash and burn" agriculture - is also unlikely to have a parallel at that scale.
| improve this answer | |
Your Answer


text:
Tune of the Day: The Gobby O and Variations
This set of variations on the Irish tune "The Gobby-O" is taken from Chicago police officer Francis O'Neill's collection Waifs and Strays of Gaelic Melody, published in 1922. The tune became popular in American fife and drum repertory, especially under the title "Jefferson and Liberty", the name of a campaign song set to the melody.
One suggestion regarding the meaning of the title postulates a progressive derivation from "Gaberlunzie Boy" (i.e. beggar boy), shortened to "Gaby Boy", and finally morphing into "Gobby-O". Other sources say that the title refers to a 'gobby-stick' (a flute or fife), the inference being that these woodwind instruments are hollow sticks played with the mouth ('gob' is the Gaelic word for 'beak' or 'mouth').


Grinding Vs Milling Steel
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Wechat ID: LMZG_service
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Address: No.169, Science (Kexue) Avenue,
National HI-TECH Industry Development Zone, Zhengzhou, China
Milling vs Grinding: What's the Difference? Monroe
While they both involve the physical removal of material from a workpiece, milling and grinding aren't the same. The former machining process is characterized by the use of a milling machine, whereas the latter machining process is characterized by the use of a grinding wheel.
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Milling Vs Grinding Custom Milling & Consulting
13/3/2014 Breaking down and reducing particles in a liquid medium or slurry is referred to by two different terms, milling or grinding. There is a minimal difference between the two terms and it depends on what area of the world you are located in or what industry you are working in.
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Grinding vs. Milling Str8brand
The milling chamber and screens are made with food-grade (304) stainless steel, and the outside is made with aircraft-grade (6061) aluminum. This makes the STR8 Mill Grinder one of the safest cannabis grinders with no worries of aluminum shavings in your bud.
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What is the difference between grinding and milling? Quora
Grinding and milling refer to the same thing, although grinding is generally used to refer to process and a "mill" the equipment that undertakes the grinding. In many metallurgical processes the first step before any separation of valuable and barren components is attempted is known as comminution.
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Economical and technological study of surface grinding
1/8/2012 Cost and productivity comparison of surface grinding vs. face milling for flat surfaces on hardened tool steel AISI D3 (60–62 HRC). Current study process plan G surface grinding (Al 2
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Surface grinding and face milling experimentation was conducted on cold work steel AISI D3 / JIS TON1 / DIN 1.2080 (with hardness of 60 HRc) with aluminum oxide grinding wheels and coated tungsten
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What is the difference between grind and mill? WikiDiff
As verbs the difference between grind and mill is that grind is to reduce to smaller pieces by crushing with lateral motion or grind can be brawl, fight, wrangle over while mill is to grind or otherwise process in a mill or other machine. As nouns the difference between grind and mill
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Milling and Grinding Services Oliver Steel Plate
Milling and Grinding Tolerance In flamecutting and sawcutting of steel plate, we define tolerances for the dimensions of the cut shape or profile. Squareness of the cut is also important. Finishing the surface of the part by milling or grinding brings
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Grinding Vs Machining in Aerospace Norton Abrasives
12/2/2018 Grinding vs. Machining Assumed Milling Parameters Aerospace turning When considering replacing a traditional process with grinding, it is important to understand that the feasibility depends more on how the part and wheel contact each other than on geometry.
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Machining vs. Grinding abmart
Bi Zhang, October 13, 2004 Machining vs. Grinding Machining is the material removal process that shears/damages the material. D Workpiece Chip Bi Zhang, October 13, 2004 Introduction to Machining Chip removal temperature vs. machining speed0 _PHONE_
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text:
Phase Space: a Framework for Statistics
Statistics involves the counting of states, and the state of a classical particle is completely specified by the measurement of its position and momentum. If we know the six quantities
then we know its state. It is often convenient in statistics to imagine a six-dimensional space composed of the six position and momentum coordinates. It is conventionally called "phase space". The counting tasks can then be visualized in a geometrical framework where each point in phase space corresponds to a particular position and momentum. That is, each point in phase space represents a unique state of the particle. The state of a system of particles corresponds to a certain distribution of points in phase space.
The counting of the number of states available to a particle amounts to determining the available volume in phase space. One might preclude that for a continuous phase space, any finite volume would contain an infinite number of states. But the uncertainty principle tells us that we cannot simultaneously know both the position and momentum, so we cannot really say that a particle is at a mathematical point in phase space. So when we contemplate an element of "volume" in phase space
then the smallest "cell" in phase space which we can consider is constrained by the uncertainty principle to be
Beta decay concepts
Perspectives..., Sec 15.1


text:
The term gang box has two distinct and largely unrelated meanings, although both relate to construction work. A gang box can be a large tool box that is used by several or all members of a work crew. In electrical work, a gang box is a metal or plastic box used to securely hold electrical components.
A gang box toolbox has only a few special characteristics. These boxes are often left on a job site, so durability and security are important in their design, as they need to be able to endure a good bit of abuse and be difficult to break into. These boxes are usually shared by at least a few workers and are usually larger than ordinary tool boxes so that they can store all the needed tools and supplies.
A gang box used in electrical work is one of the various types of box used to safely enclose wiring and other electrical work. This type of gang box will usually be referred to by the number of mounting points for switches or receptacles that it contains. Gang boxes are commonly found in sizes ranging from one to three gang, although larger boxes are not unheard of. Modern electrical practice generally limits the number of individual switches or receptacles that can be installed in a gang box to one per gang, although some exceptions to this rule exist.
Some gang boxes, designed for use primarily with non-metallic sheathed cable, are made of plastic. This type of gang box is the most common in modern residential construction, primarily because of its low cost and ease of installation. This type of box requires the use of a separate ground wire.
Metal gang boxes can be used for almost any type of electrical work, and are more common in older construction, commercial construction, or areas where the electrical work might be exposed to damage, as the metal boxes are much tougher than their plastic counterparts. These boxes come in the same basic sizes as plastic boxes, although metal boxes are often manufactured in such a way that one side of the box can be removed and another box added to create a larger box, making the metal boxes more versatile in some situations. When electrical work is installed using armored cable or metallic conduit, the conduit or cable, combined with the metal boxes, can often legally serve as a ground path without the use of a dedicated ground wire.


text:
What's Blooming Now
Spatterdock-also known as cow lily-is a yellow-flowered water lily native to the backwaters, swamps and ponds of the Southeast. In Southwest Florida, it blooms throughout the year. The leaves, which can be up to 12 inches in diameter, vary greatly in shape, from rounded and heart-shaped to long and spear-shaped. Sometimes spatterdock float on the surface; other times they stand above it on slender stalks. Their flowers are easy to recognize-one-inch-diameter, rounded yellow buds that never open in the broad display of color we expect of other water lilies. A spatterdock flower in full bloom resembles a bud just beginning to open.
Spatterdock grows in shallow water and provides shelter for fishes and invertebrates. But when high levels of fertilizer from lawns and agricultural fields get into the water, they can become a nuisance, slowing flow in canals, increasing siltation, and sometimes growing in such dense aggregations that other plants are excluded. Spatterdock seeds were eaten by Native Americans; today their flat-topped seedheads are often used in dried flower arrangements.
-Jerome A. Jackson, Florida Gulf Coast University


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You might wonder where this flier got its name since its red belly is nearly impossible to see, but it's still a frequent backyard visitor. Learn how to attract the red-bellied woodpecker to your yard, and listen to its song.
Photo: Roland Jordahl
- Scientific Name: Melanerpes carolinus.
- Family: Woodpecker.
- Length: 9-1/4 inches.
- Wingspan: 16 inches.
- Distinctive Markings: Males have zebra-striped back, red hood and nape, reddish tinge on belly. Females are identical, but only have a red nape.
- Nest: Male and female excavate nesting cavity in old stumps and trees.
- Song: Loud, harsh "quirr" sound.
- Habitat: Wooded areas; visits yards and gardens with trees and shrubs.
- Diet: Larvae, insects, acorns and berries.
- Backyard Favorites: Birdseed and beef suet at garden feeders; may drink sugar water.
Listen to this bird's song


Now the Romans do have a word for it
By Andrew Stevenson
September 1, 2004
Not to be shackled while the world goes to hell in a handcart, the Vatican is making up new words to hold the line against sin.
As the only body in the world still using Latin, the Vatican has helpfully produced a new lexicon of modern words.
It may help resolve the problem of how to threaten damnation if you dare not speak vice's name.
Words appearing for the first time include hotpants (brevissimae bracae femineae), nightclub (taberna nocturna) and cigarette (fistula nicotiana). Like iuvenis voluptarius (the new Latin playboy), they're unlikely to feature favourably in the next papal encyclical.
Cletus Pavanetto, the president of the Latinitas Foundation, which compiled the dictionary, said: "There are lots of words that classical Latin could not possibly know the meaning of, like 'drugs' or words relating to current affairs.
"We devise new words by going back to their origins and etymology, so that people who use Latin can write about the modern world.
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"It is for theologians who wish to make their writing more relevant to modern issues, but it is also for any Latin enthusiast who wishes to make himself better understood."
A Sydney Latin scholar, Dexter Hoyos, was unimpressed with the Vatican's work.
Rather than slang, which true Latins loved, he termed its words "fairly literal explanations".
Rather than call hotpants "very short trousers", as the Vatican has done, Mr Hoyos, an associate professor at the University of Sydney, recommends combining the word for hot, calidae, with bracae, the trousers, to make calibracae.
"It's easy to pronounce and quite, if I may modestly say so, unique," he said. "I doubt a single Vatican philologist would come up with that one, though."
The church's effort may prove Latin still has a weak pulse but the scholars, at least, are feisty.
"Personally, I consider it a bit of a gimmick," one complained. "But please don't say that, because among my colleagues it could result in a quick lynching."
A Latin student at North Sydney Boys' High, Kevin Wu, was worried that the Vatican - which uses medieval Latin - might pollute the classical version.
"The risk is, classical Latin will be forgotten rather than living in the hearts of academics and being upheld as the pinnacle of literacy as it is now," he said. "It will be degraded."
with The Telegraph, London


text: Angular potentials play an important role in the refinement of protein structures through angle-dependent restraints (e.g., those determined by cross-correlated relaxations, residual dipolar couplings, and hydrogen bonds). Analytic derivatives of such angular potentials with respect to the dihedral angles of proteins would be useful for optimizing such restraints and other types of angular potentials (i.e., such as we are now introducing into protein structure prediction) but have not been described. In this article, analytic derivatives are calculated for four types of angular potentials and integrated with the efficient recursive derivative calculation methods of Gō and coworkers. The formulas are implemented in publicly available software and illustrated by refining a low-resolution protein structure with idealized vector-angle, dipolar-coupling, and hydrogen-bond restraints. The method is now being used routinely to optimize hydrogen-bonding potentials in ROSETTA.


it relates to the past, the second is Verdhandi, it relates to the present, the third is Skuld's, it relates to the future. In other words, the first rune relates to the path you have taken, the second relates to the path you are taking, and the third relates to how your path will be if you do not alter it. The meanings of the runes are more important in this one than the last, but it is still subjective, and it is still up to you to decide how they relate to the question you asked.
Nine-Runes Cast
This is a more complex Cast and can consequently answer more complex questions. Shut your eyes and choose nine runes from your pouch(this is where having Runes all the same shape really helps, although it's not necessary; I have mine different shapes). As you pick each rune, place it in your other hand. Once you have all nine, hold them in your hand while you focus on your question, then open your eyes and cast them onto the cloth. How the runes land is very important; runes near the centre of the cloth are the most immediate and pertinent, while runes near the edge of the cloth are less important. Runes that fall outside of the cloth may be fading from consideration, or may have already done so, but are still important for you to understand your current situation.
Look at the runes facing up first, they relate to the present and past. Runes that are facing down relate to the future and can mean either they are yet to come in to play, or that they are an outside influence. You need to know the meanings of the runes to understand this, but this is very much up to you to comprehend which is which, what is working for you and what is working against you. Finally, the positions of the runes are important. Do not spend time trying to draw geometric shapes and divine meanings from them, this is useless, but pay attention to runes that are close by or touching. This means that these two are closely related, or may even be working as a combined entity. Runes which are at (roughly) opposite sides of the cloth may be causing conflict or ruling each other out, so that if you eliminate one or the other, the remaining one will begin to effect you.
Ground Cast
This does not neccessarily have to be cast on the ground, so long as it involves no boundaries. It is the most complex Cast, and can answer all but the broadest, most complex questions. You simply take your pouch, mix it up, and then cast all the runes at once. Ignore any facing down or on their side, only pay attention to those facing up. These are currently, or have already, affected you. Those that lay parallel (or close to) one another are working in concurrence, while those that lay perpendicular (or close to) one another are working in opposition. Take note to how close to parallel of perpendicular they are, as this shows the varying degrees that they work in concurrence/opposition.
Five Rune Layout
This is a specific question layout. Hold your question in mind and take five runes, one at a time, from your pouch, without looking at them. Place them face down on your cloth in the following order:
 |-| |-| |-|
 |2| |1| |5|
 |-| |-| |-|
Now turn the runes over, one at a time, in the same order as before. The first represents the present, it shows you your current difficulty pertaining to your question. If it is positive, then you are in a positive state of mind towards; if it is negative then you may be terribly agitated or troubled. The second represents the past, it shows you what lead you to be in this current position. The third represents the help or advice you can expect to receive; if it is negative it may mean you are unwilling to accept it, and it will result in the given negative meaning. The fourth indicates the unchangable aspects of this position; if it is negative, it means you will face these obstacales no matter what in your current fate; if positive, it means you will have fewer obstacles, and it may even be easy. The fifth is the final result, the outcomes according to the other runes.
Seven Rune Layout
This is a broader question layout. Hold your question in mind and take out seven runes, one at a time, from your pouch, without looking at them. Place them face down on your cloth in the following order:
Now turn the first two runes over, these must be interpreted together, and represent the problem. Next turn over the third and fourth, interpreting together again, these represent what has lead to the problem in the past. Now turn over the fifth and sixth, these two represent the advice the runes are giving you. These two are the most important and the most difficult to interpret, as they may mean many things. They may mean you need to act immediately, or bide your time. They may mean you need to start implementing the aspects they represent, or decease. They may also represent aspects completely unrelated to your problem, and this may mean these will come into play later, or that you need to bring them into play. It is up to you to discover the meaning.
The final rune represents the outcome, but it is ambiguous. Whether it is positive or negative, it is neutral unless the other runes are in concord with it, and it is left to you to decide whether they are. If it is negative and they are not, it means you are on your way to solving it, but still need to work, and if positive, that you have missed solving it. In either case, you can still work towards rectifying it. If they are in concordence and it is negative, this may mean you will fail, if positive it may mean you will succeed.
Futhark Layout
This is the most ambiguous of the lot, but can be asked virtually any question; just don't always expect to get a cohesive answer, especially if you are inexperienced. Simply lay out the runes in order, and divide them into their aetts (three rows of eight, more or less depending on your Futhark, in a square). Now concentrate on the runes and ask your question, then choose one from each aett, the ones that call to you. Now interpret their meaning in the context of your question.
Worldstead Layout
The very most complex method, but can be asked absolutely any question. This method is so difficult that inexperienced Runecasters will be utterly confused by it, but even very experienced Runecasters may find that they cannot initially interpret this one, and instead have to sketch out the results and contemplate it for weeks, perhaps even months, before coming to a conclusion of its meaning. This is, consequently, also the most powerful method, and well worth spending the time to decipher it, as its answers are very profound and meaningful.
This Layout is also a Cast. It involves laying out the world as we Asatruar believe in it. The best way to do this is to either have another cloth and draw on that, or alternatively draw on one side on a cloth, and use the clean side when you do not wish to do this method. You will need to draw the following sections:
 Ljosalfheim Asgard
Vanaheim Midgard Jotunheim
 Hel Svartalfheim
This is hard to explain, so bare with me. First, draw a circle in the centre, inside that wrte Midgard. Next, draw a larger circle around that (it has to contain Ljosalfheim, Asgard, Hel and Svartalfheim, so keep in mind how large to make it), then draw two horizontal lines, and two vertical lines to the left, right, top and bottom of the circle around Midgard so that it looks a little like a target (as if seen through a gun scope). In each of the four segments created by this, write the respective realms as shown in the above diagram. Next, draw four diagonal lines, from the corners of your cloth to the edge of the outer circle. Finally, write Niflheim, Jotunheim, Nidavellir and Vanaheim in their respective segments in the outlaying area, as shown in the above diagram. The resulting sectors would look a little like this:
|\ /|
| \ / |
| \ ____________ / |
| | ___|__ | |
| | | | | |
| |--| |--| |
| | |______| | |
| |______|_____| |
| / \ |
| / \ |
Note: The inner two "squares" would actually be circles, and ignore the uneveness. They should all the equal segments, or as close to equal as possible.
Now that we've got that straight, it's time to do some casting. Take your pouch and cast all the runes onto the cloth. Runes that land off of the cloth are meaningless and to be disregarded, but runes that land face down are important. They are not to be read with the other runes, but should be set aside to be read seperately, and a meaning interpreted as to why they landed face down. All others are to be read as they lie in their respective segments. You must interpret each rune's meaning, combine this with previous methods of interpretation (such as touching runes, opposite runes, parallel and perpendicular runes) as well as inerpret them in the meaning of the segment they are in. The meanings of each segment are as


Home Backtrack
A Transition in the Law: Transgender Discrimination
Published: February 3, 2017
On February 2, 2017, Attorney Timothy M. Netkovick hosted a roundtable-style seminar discussing how to navigate through the legal landscape of the evolving and challenging area of discrimination law: transgender discrimination
Discrimination based on transgender status or gender identity is a developing area of the law. There has been a lot of debate on the local, state, and national level over access to bathrooms for transgender individuals. As the public debates this issue, legislators, administrative agencies, and courts are shaping the law that prohibits gender discrimination, including discrimination against transgender individuals.
If you have any questions about transgender discrimination and workplace accommodation, please contact the attorneys at Royal, P.C.


TUCKER, Ga. – Turkey hen body weight can be controlled without physical feed restriction, but not without effects on egg production and carcass composition, according to research sponsored by the US Poultry & Egg Association. Dr. Michael Lilburn of Ohio State Univ. led the project.
The study involved giving breeder hens free access to low nutrient-dense feed and water allowing the hens to regulate their dietary intake according to their biological needs. The hens were weighed at 24 weeks and placed in pens of heavy, medium and light weight body weight hens. The Heavy, Medium, and Light hens weighed 27.6, 26.3, and 24.3 lbs. at 30 weeks and 25.6, 24.6, and 23.0 lbs. at 42 weeks.
Researchers found the light hens had significantly better hen-day egg production than either the medium or heavy hens, while the heavier hens produced significantly heavier eggs.
Additionally, across all three body weight groups, there was a significant decline in body weight between 30 and 42 weeks of age.


Programming Catch % Calculator
Discussion in 'Technical Projects' started by Corpsecreate, Nov 4, 2010.
 1. Corpsecreate
 Nov 4, 2010
 Hey all. So I had a look on the formulas that dealt with the chance of catching Pokemon and man it seemed pretty nasty. So I wrote up a program (in Java) that combines all those evil formulas into a compact easy-to-use program. The program isnt' 100% complete as of yet (although in its current state it pretty much does everything thats needed) and so I am looking for constructive criticism. If you see something you dont like, tell me why you dont like it and what suggestions you may have for improvement and I'll see if I can add that in.
 It can be downloaded here. (You will need Java installed).
 And now for a little bit of explanation about some of the features of the program that may be either confusing or go unnoticed.
 1. You can click the visible HP bar to automatically set the HP % depending on where you click. The HP bar reflects the 3 colors depending how much HP the enemy has left (Green, Yellow, Red).
 2. You can click the Mew/Pikachu pictures to play a sound effect. The Pikachu has a 1/5 chance of making an alternate sound while the Mew has a 1/8192 (chance of a shiny pokemon) chance of playing a "THIS IS SPARTA" sound file. See if you can get it!
 3. The "Capture Rate" Text Field is sometimes written in green and other times is written in red. It is written in green when the number in the field matches the catch rate of the Pokemon you have selected and is colored red when they do not match. The catch rate of the selected Pokemon is always right next to the Pokemon name as a reminder.
 4. You can hover your mouse over most labels to get a short description of what it means.
 5. Catch Confidence and Desired Chance are a little bit more difficult to understand what they mean so I will describe them here in a bit more detail.
 Catch Confidence - This percentage is how confident you want to be that you will catch the Pokemon after some number of attempts. The "Throws Needed" label ties in directly with this percentage. So for example, if you have a 50% chance of catching the Pokemon and you set the Catch Confidence to 75%, the number of throws needed to reach that confidence would be the number of times you would need to attempt capture (at 50% chance each time) before the effective percentage after that number of tries reaches 75%. In mathematics this is known as Binomial Probability.
 Desired Chance - This percentage is what you want your catch chance to be. The "Maximum HP" label ties in directly with this percentage. Now you may ask, "Why would I ever put a number other than 100%?". The reason is because you may be happy with having only a 90% or 95% chance of capture or because a 100% chance on that particularly Pokemon is not achievable (the displayed Maximum HP value will be a negative number when this is the case).
 So let say you have a Pidgey that you want to catch with 100% chance and you plan on using an ultra ball. According to the program, at full HP you will only have a a 66.66% chance of capture however the Maximum HP number thats displayed says 75%. This means that when the Pidgey has 75% of its health left, you will now have a 100% chance of capture and any more damage done to it will be useless. You can click the Maximum HP value to automatically set the Pokemons HP to that percentage.
 6. Heavy Balls are the only balls that does not have a multiplier. Instead it acts as an addition to the Pokemons catch rate. A general rule on when to use a Heavy Ball is this.
 if HeavyBallBonus is greater than CatchRate*(BallMultiplier-1) then its better to use a Heavy Ball.
 Where the BallMultiplier is the multiplier of the alternative ball that you could use in place of the Heavy Ball. In general, Heavy Balls are only useful on any legendaries that weigh more than 451.5 lbs.
 Now guys I'm no programming master, I'm more of a mathematician if anything so there may be some features that I'm unable to put in but I will do my best :)
 Things to do:
 1. Add these explanations within the program somewhere.
 2. Duck92
 Jul 1, 2009
 Assuming this is in C++...
 Create a visual form, and pop all the data in a text box. Name it Info.
 _TAG_ "Info.h"
 Add to the header of the file launched (Probably main, or Form1)
 Add this for the button script:
 Info Form1;
 if(Form1.ShowDialog() == System::Windows::Forms::DialogResult::OK)
 Good Luck. (I'm assuiming you're using Visual C++.)
 If in the slightest chance, you're using vB.net
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text:
What used to be manually operated automobile windows has already evolved into something more convenient and more enjoyable way of opening or closing your car's windows — it was called the power window. Modern automobiles nowadays are equipped with such power windows for comfort and convenience purposes. They old way of lowering or raising the window glass by way of rotating or turning the lever was already replaced by just pushing a button. The manually operated windows require a lot more effort in order to rotate the lever as compared to just using one finger to push a button for the power windows.
The component where you find the buttons and other controls of the power window is called the switch. A window switch like the Land Rover window switch is the component used to control the opening and closing of power windows. Usually, it is on the driver's side where you find the main window switch. It means that the driver can actually control his passengers' windows. Although each window has its own switch, power windows are designed to give the driver the convenience of opening and closing all the windows without the need to activate each window switch. By this, even if the driver is alone, he can have all the windows opened or closed whenever he wishes to without leaving his seat.
Commonly, there are three kinds of window switches available in the market or being used by car manufacturers — the toggle switch, rocker switch and the lever switch. A toggle switch is one that works by flipping a small lever either up and down or from side to side. This switch is the most common type of switch that you will find on automobiles having power windows. However, for safety purposes, using a lever switch would be a good idea. The moment you flip or push this kind of switch, it will neither automatically allow the window glass to be opened all the way down nor be closed all the way up. You need to continuously exert effort until the window glass has been opened or closed in the desired height. Such kind of switch is perfect for drivers who are fond of bringing along with them their kids for a ride.
The rocker switch on the other hand is the exact opposite of the lever switch. The moment you activated it with just a single push, the window glass will move either all the way up or all the way down. Such is very dangerous especially when you have kids in the car as they can accidentally open the windows without your knowledge and allowing them to put their heads or hands outside causing some unwanted incidents. Whether your vehicle is equipped with a toggle window switch, rocker window switch or lever window switch, one thing is for sure, you need to replace it once it got stuck or got totally busted.
If you are looking for window switch replacement products, then you have just found the perfect site. Here at Parts Train, we offer great deals of high quality window switch replacement products including other parts and accessories for all your automotive needs. Simply browse our comprehensive catalogue for more information and accurate specifications regarding our products. You will surely find the perfect window switch and other stuffs that will suit your car. Check them out now!


text:
A-Z directory of animals
Search for an animal by classification - Amphibian | Bird | Invertebrate | Mammal | Reptile
Barbary lions are closely related to European and Asian lions and are extinct in the wild.
They get their name from their scales which are large, pointy and ridged.
This species is named because of the crown shape on the top of its head. This patch of hair is usually orange.
All Javan brown langurs are born with an orange coat but, as they grow older, some will stay an orange and brown colour while others will turn black.


text: (Message Oriented Middleware) Software plumbing. Message-oriented middleware is the term for software that connects separate systems in a network by carrying and distributing messages between them. The messages may contain data, software instructions, or both together. MOM infrastructure is typically built around a queuing system that stores messages pending delivery, and keeps track of whether and when each message has been delivered. Most MOM systems also support autonomous publish-subscribe messaging. MOM products frequently use proprietary messaging technologies -- well-known examples include IBM MQSeries, MSMQ from Microsoft and Tibco Rendezvous -- but emerging standards specifications such as JMS and WS-ReliableMessaging are now enabling standards-based MOM infrastructures.


text:
"Everyone will be issued a written card that they can put in their wallet that will tell them what they had and when their next dose is due," Moore said. "Let's do the simple, easy thing first. Everyone's going to get that."
Vaccination clinics will also be reporting to their state immunization registries what vaccine was given, so that, for example, an entity could run a query if it didn't know where a patient got a first dose.
Moore said many places are planning to ask patients to voluntarily provide a cell phone number, so they can get a text message telling them when and where their next dose is scheduled to be administered.


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Events Process Model Report (PMR), this AMR provides information for the calculations in two other AMRs ; parameters described herein are directly used in calculations in these reports and will be used in Total System Performance Assessment (TSPA). Compilation of this AMR was conducted as defined in the Development Plan, except as noted. The report begins with considerations of the geometry of volcanic feeder systems, which are of primary importance in predicting how much of a potential repository would be affected by an eruption. This discussion is followed by one of the physical and chemical properties of the magmas, which influences both eruptive styles and mechanisms for interaction with radioactive waste packages. Eruptive processes including the ascent velocity of magma at depth, the onset of bubble nucleation and growth in the rising magmas, magma fragmentation, and velocity of the resulting gas-particle mixture are then discussed. The duration of eruptions, their power output, and mass discharge rates are also described. The next section summarizes geologic constraints regarding the interaction between magma and waste packages. Finally, they discuss bulk grain size produced by relevant explosive eruptions and grain
Full Text Available Polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs play a key role in polar ozone depletion. In the Arctic, PSCs can occur on the mesoscale due to orographically induced gravity waves. Here we present a detailed study of a mountain wave PSC event on 25-27 January 2000 over Scandinavia. The mountain wave PSCs were intensively observed by in-situ and remote-sensing techniques during the second phase of the SOLVE/THESEO-2000 Arctic campaign. We use these excellent data of PSC observations on 3 successive days to analyze the PSCs and to perform a detailed comparison with modeled clouds. We simulated the 3-dimensional PSC structure on all 3 days with a mesoscale numerical weather prediction (NWP model and a microphysical box model (using best available nucleation rates for ice and nitric acid trihydrate particles. We show that the combined mesoscale/microphysical model is capable of reproducing the PSC measurements within the uncertainty of data interpretation with respect to spatial dimensions, temporal development and microphysical properties, without manipulating temperatures or using other tuning parameters. In contrast, microphysical modeling based upon coarser scale global NWP data, e.g. current ECMWF analysis data, cannot reproduce observations, in particular the occurrence of ice and nitric acid trihydrate clouds. Combined mesoscale/microphysical modeling may be used for detailed a posteriori PSC analysis and for future Arctic campaign flight and mission planning. The fact that remote sensing alone cannot further constrain model results due to uncertainities in the interpretation of measurements, underlines the need for synchronous in-situ PSC observations in campaigns.
T.A. Buscheck; Y. Sun; Y. Hao
The MultiScale ThermoHydrologic Model (MSTHM) predicts thermal-hydrologic (TH) conditions within emplacement tunnels (drifts) and in the adjoining host rock at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, which is the proposed site for a radioactive waste repository in the US. Because these predictions are used in the performance assessment of the Yucca Mountain repository, they must address the influence of variability and uncertainty of the engineeredand natural-system parameters that significantly influence those predictions. Parameter-sensitivity studies show that the MSTHM predictions adequately propagate the influence of parametric variability and uncertainty. Model-validation studies show that the influence of conceptual-model uncertainty on the MSTHM predictions is insignificant compared to that of parametric uncertainty, which is propagated through the MSTHM
A geological repository has been proposed for the permanent disposal of the nation's high level nuclear waste at Yucca Mountain in the Nevada desert. The containers for this waste must remain intact for the unprecedented service lifetime of 1000 years. A combination of engineering, regulatory, and licensing requirements complicate the container material selection. In parallel to gathering information regarding the Yucca Mountain service environment and material performance data, a set of selection criteria have been established which compare candidate materials to the performance requirements, and allow a quantitative comparison of candidates. These criteria assign relative weighting to varied topic areas such as mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, fabricability, and cost. Considering the long service life of the waste containers, it is not surprising that the corrosion behavior of the material is a dominant factor. 7 refs
Emerick, Jay J; Snyder, Aaron I; Bower, Nathan W; Snyder, Marc A
Mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) is the most important insect pest in southern Rocky Mountain ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests. Tree mortality is hastened by the various fungal pathogens that are symbiotic with the beetles. The phenylpropanoid 4-allylanisole is an antifungal and semiochemical for some pine beetle species. We analyzed 4-allylanisole and monoterpene profiles in the xylem oleoresin from a total of 107 trees at six sites from two chemotypes of ponderosa pine found in Colorado and New Mexico using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Although monoterpene profiles were essentially the same in attacked and nonattacked trees, significantly lower levels of 4-allylanisole were found in attacked trees compared with trees that showed no evidence of attack for both chemotypes.
Lawrence, R.; Landenburger, L.; Jewett, J.
Whitebark pine seeds have long been identified as the most significant vegetative food source for grizzly bears in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE) and, hence, a crucial element of suitable grizzly bear habitat. The overall health and status of whitebark pine in the GYE is currently threatened by mountain pine beetle infestations and the spread of whitepine blister rust. Whitebark pine distribution (presence/absence) was mapped for the GYE using Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) imagery and topographic data as part of a long-term inter-agency monitoring program. Logistic regression was compared with classification tree analysis (CTA) with and without boosting. Overall comparative classification accuracies for the central portion of the GYE covering three ETM+ images along a single path ranged from 91.6% using logistic regression to 95.8% with See5's CTA algorithm with the maximum 99 boosts. The analysis is being extended to the entire northern Rocky Mountain Ecosystem and extended over decadal time scales. The analysis is being extended to the entire northern Rocky Mountain Ecosystem and extended over decadal time scales.
Full Text Available We reported the petrography and mineral chemistry of 184 equilibrated ordinary chondrites collected from Grove Mountains, Antarctica. The chemical-petrographic types and shock metamorphism degrees of these chondrites were assigned. They were classified into 46 H groups (22 H4, 20 H5, and four H6, 133 L groups (eight L4, 75 L5, and 50 L6, and five LL groups (four LL4 and one LL5. Some of these chondrites could be paired; however, both H and L group meteorites were affected. Further studies such as terrestrial ages and thermal luminescence are required in order to confirm the pairings. The relative abundances of H, L, and LL are different in Grove Mountain meteorites, when compared to those in Transcontinental Ridge meteorites. Based on the shock effects, the shock metamorphism degrees of these chondrites were assigned. Compared to previous studies, the heavily shocked samples of S4 and S5 have a higher fraction (59 out of 184 in Grove Mountain ordinary chondrites. The L group (54 out of 59 is the dominant chemical group in the heavily shocked chondrites, except for five meteorites which belong to the H group. The shock metamorphism degrees of the H and L groups are distinct, which may indicate different surface properties in their parent bodies. In addition, the petrologic types and shock degrees are probably closely related, with the most heavily shocked chondrites observed in types 5 and 6.
Tien, P.L.; Updegraff, C.D.; Siegel, M.D.; Wahi, K.K.; Guzowski, R.V.
The US Department of Energy is currently considering the thick sequences of unsaturated, fractured tuff at Yucca Mountain, on the southwestern boundary of the Nevada Test Site, as a possible candidate host rock for a nuclear-waste repository. Yucca Mountain is in one of the most arid areas in the United States. The site is within the south-central part of the Great Basin section of the Basin and Range physiographic province and is located near a number of silicic calderas of Tertiary age. Although localized zones of seismic activity are common throughout the province, and faults are present at Yucca Mountain, the site itself is basically aseismic. No data are available on the composition of ground water in the unsaturated zone at Yucca Mountain. It has been suggested that the composition is bounded by the compositions of water from wells USW-H3, UE25p-1, J-13, and snow or rain. There are relatively few data available from Yucca Mountain on the moisture content and saturation, hydraulic conductivity, and characteristic curves of the unsaturated zone. The available literature on thermomechanical properties of tuff does not always distinguish between data from the saturated zone and data from the unsaturated zone. Geochemical, hydrologic, and thermomechanical data available on the unsaturated tuffs of Yucca Mountain are tabulated in this report. Where the data are very sparse,


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10 Nov Spain ranks 15th among countries showing the highest share of their territory including fragile biodiversity and ecosystems
A recent report by Swiss Re Institute places Spain in the 15th position in the table of countries with the largest share of territory with its biodiversity and ecosystems in a fragile state among the 195 analyzed. This result derives from the analysis of the Swiss Re Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Index (SRI), which measures the percentage of share of land in a fragile state as a percentage of country area vulnerability towards ecological disturbances increases, as well as the share of intact ecosystems and the dependence of nations on biodiversity and ecosystem services (BES).
According to the report, over half (55%) of global GDP, equal to USD 41.7 trillion, is dependent on high-functioning biodiversity and ecosystem services. However, a staggering fifth of countries globally (20%) are at risk of their ecosystems collapsing due to a decline in biodiversity and related beneficial services.
39 countries have ecosystems in a fragile state on more than a third of their land. Malta, Israel, Cyprus, Bahrain and Kazakhstan have the lowest Biodiversity and Ecosystems Services (BES) ranking, with 100%, 53 %, 50 %, 47 % y 43 % of their respective territories with their BES in situation of the greatest vulnerability (ranking "Very Low" BES class), and 0% of share of intact ecosystems.
Among G20 economies, South Africa and Australia are 6th and 8th place in the ranking of fragile BES, with 40% and 34%, respectively of their land. The well-known impact of water scarcity is a driver for these countries, alongside factors such as costal protection and pollination.
In relation to Spain, 23% of the Spanish territory falls within the "Very Low" BES class, and only 1% of Spanish biodiversity and ecosystem services remain intact.
The Swiss Re BES Index provides a more holistic, comparative view of the state of BES globally. It works by aggregating data from ten different BES categories addressing water security, timber provision, food provision, habitat intactness, pollination, soil fertility, water quality, regulation of air quality and local climate, erosion control and coastal protection.
The index also underlines the important need for nature-based insurance solutions and will create a new business segment for insurance, thereby strengthening resilience of affected regions and communities.
The insights from the index serve to highlight the importance of nature conservation for a functioning economy. Among the top ten countries with fragile ecosystems and high GDP dependency on natural services, it is the resource-rich developing countries with large agricultural sectors that stand out, such as Kenya, Vietnam, Pakistan, Indonesia and Nigeria. The study highlights the dangers of these economies potentially reaching critical tipping points when essential natural resources are disrupted. The report highlights the value of ongoing economic diversification combined with conservation and preservation efforts in such countries.
Major economies in Southeast Asia, Europe and America that already have diversified economies are nevertheless also exposed to risk from BES decline. This is because important individual economic sectors can be impacted by single BES factors such as water scarcity, which can have a disruptive effect on a country's manufacturing sectors, properties and supply chains.
The report discusses how addressing BES challenges through simple preservation actions can have significant impacts. For example, ecosystem restoration along the coast of Louisiana could reduce expected flood costs by USD 5.3 billion annually. Steps to ensure functioning coral reefs globally could lower estimated flood damages for 100-year storm events that would otherwise increase by 91% across the globe.
Image: Swiss Re.


text:
The University of St. Thomas' booth is a popular destination for many fair-goers as it is where one can obtain the coveted purple bag. UST has been known for its giveaways since 2000, ranging from bracelets and visors to bandanas. The much-loved purple bag first showed up in 2005. Since then, more that half a million bags have been given away, including 30,000 for the 2014 State Fair. (Current count, 565,000.) People wait in line to obtain this treasured bag and even ask for more than one, but there are rules, pre-set distribution times, and trained volunteers who make sure to follow along.
UST alumnus Brad Ribar '82, started selling corn at the State Fair in 1985. Each year, he clears $100,000 in sales, going through 190,000 ears of corn during the 12 day run of the fair.
With fair season now upon us, it's time for some trivia, courtesy of the Minnesota State Fair:
- During a typical year, how many gallons of milk are served at the American Dairy Association's all-you-can-drink concession?
- When was the pronto pup introduced at the State Fair?
- What is the most popular flavor of pies entered in the creative activities baked goods category?
- Approximately, how many rolls of toilet paper are used during the fair?
- On average, what's the total number of corn dogs typically consumed by fair visitors each year?
- In acres, how large is the fairgrounds?
- Which fair food contains the most calories?
- 20,000 gallons
- 22,000 rolls
- 320 acres
- The fried candy bars


AAAI Publications, Twenty-Second International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence
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Push and Swap: Fast Cooperative Path-Finding with Completeness Guarantees
Ryan J. Luna, Kostas E. Bekris
Last modified: 2011-06-28
Cooperative path-finding can be abstracted as computing non-colliding paths for multiple agents between their start and goal locations on a graph. This paper proposes a fast algorithm that can provide completeness guarantees for a general class of problems without any assumptions about the graph's topology. Specifically, the approach can address any solvable instance where there are at most n-2 agents in a graph of size n. The algorithm employs two primitives: a "push" operation where agents move towards their goals up to the point that no progress can be made, and a "swap" operation that allows two agents to swap positions without altering the configuration of other agents. Simulated experiments are provided on hard instances of cooperative path-finding, including comparisons against alternative methods. The results are favorable for the proposed algorithm and show that the technique scales to problems that require high levels of coordination, involving hundreds of agents.
Full Text: PDF


The Children's Media Foundation (CMF)
Our Children's Future: Does Public Service Media Matter?
Not Waving, But Drowning – An independent children's producer's perspective
As a respected producer, Anne Wood calls on government to recognise the production sector faces an almost impossible situation and is rapidly losing the talent and specialist expertise to serve the needs of the UK children's audience.
Once upon a time in the United Kingdom every broadcaster originated children's programmes. It was an accepted requirement, integral to the privilege of broadcasting. It was built into the BBC Charter from the beginning. Children's culture was recognised and perceived as important. This premise was consequently also adopted by the ITV companies. The then Independent Broadcasting Authority took a keen and serious interest to ensure that home grown children's programmes were delivered.
In April 2021 when Ofcom examined children's viewing habits during lockdown, the headline was:- 'Traditional TV a turn-off as children switch on to YouTube and Netflix'. UK children's television was presented as quaint and as antiquated as videos; eliminated by technological change.
This perception began as long ago as 1988 when children's programmes were abolished from Channel 4.
For a time, between 1993 and 2002 when CBeebies and CBBC channels were set up, the regulating authority offered some protection. Then, in 2003, Ofcom was established to assess whether the PSB Broadcasters, taken together, transmitted a suitable range of high quality programmes for children and young people. With no individual responsibility, ITV companies could begin to withdraw. In 2006 Ofcom published details of restrictions intended to limit children's exposure to advertising of food and drink products high in fats, salt and sugar. "Alas" wailed the companies – "this means we can no longer afford to continue the expensive business of originating new children's programmes". Further funding was withdrawn.
For a time, sales of ancillary products filled the funding gap but this, too, soon failed. The subtle, and not so subtle, shift to programmes that could be merchandised ended abruptly. ToysRUs finally collapsed in 2018.
In 2003 the Communications Act made originating new children's programmes non-essential for ITV. The interests of broadcasters were paramount. At one blow, the internal market for children's programme making virtually disappeared. Once the competition from ITV was removed, the BBC was the only independent customer remaining. International buyers look first to a programme's success in its home territory but with only one real UK destination there was effectively no home market.
The removal of competition was not good for the BBC; it was not good for programme making and it was especially not good for children's television culture. This is the cold, hard world of money.
There is a belief among those who deal in money for its own sake that the market always adjusts itself. We, in the British children's television production business have no market and, consequently, we have no money.
Those of us who have campaigned for years to address these inequalities had a small success in engineering the Young Audiences Content Fund, now nearing its end. Broadcasters, for the most part, including the BBC, closed ranks against it. They, and we, knew that the money would soon run out. £60million, welcome though it was, was never going to close the funding gap. For comparison, consider that in 2005, one series of 'In the Night Garden' cost £14million.
'In the Night Garden', very successful though it still is in the UK, never achieved Teletubbies' international success. In the Night Garden is more firmly rooted in the culture of nursery rhymes. It refers not to a computer generated universe but the gentle woodland world of so many bedtime stories. It belongs to the same story-telling culture and is equally highly valued in countless UK households with young children. This cultural issue is important.
There will never be another 'In the Night Garden'. This is not because there is not the talent to create one, but because we are now in a place where there can never be the money. Lacking opportunity, the talent will wither and potentially die.
How can children not enjoy the glitz and glory of the skilled North American giants? They already pick up its language and absorb the fantasy. Why should they not? These networks have instant global reach, the same content for all children no matter where they live. The media landscape has changed and it will go on changing but underneath it all, children's own perceptions remain the same. They also need to recognise reflections of their own experiences. They need, as one child put it, stories to make them "feel good inside".
'Teletubbies' briefly demonstrated that we can compete but that was long ago and far away - before the transition to brave new technology. Imagine trying to sell the 'Teletubbies' concept to any of today's big competitors? Live-action teddy bears with screens in their bellies and antennae on their heads living far away in a dome in a field? What does any of it mean? It is in fact a conversation with young children themselves, from their point of view. It succeeded the world over. It was not done to reassure adults or funders. It was done to make children smile. It had the combined funding support of BBC Children's, BBC Education and BBC Worldwide but its overnight success was due to 12 years' previous experience of making programmes for ITV and observing children's responses to them. There was a belief that quirky and eccentric, though it seemed, it was embedded in an understanding of the internal lives of young children.
Over the centuries, ideas of childhood have changed. Medieval society absorbed children invisibly into the adult world. Victorian society sentimentalised them. Early 20th Century society urged them to higher things. Our century once more treats them as mini-adults.
In the UK children's programme making has been allowed to become niche. As this is written, in the first week of May 2021, across all available children's channels, excluding the BBC, animation, particularly North American animation, dominates. At the BBC there is a dilution of live action UK drama in favour of reality shows frequently aping adult television. For younger children especially there is a crowding of 4 and 5 minute animated episodes.
Another headline from April 21st this year quotes "Children rediscover the joy of reading during lockdown"; of course they did. They had more time and just possibly a surfeit of similar continuous programming from the small screen had failed to fully satisfy them. Left to themselves, children will always find new alternatives which is why it is so important that there should be diverse television alternatives for them to discover.
Lack of money is crucial to the demise of the independent children's television sector but at the heart of the problem lies a deep cultural issue that needs to be addressed. Other nations have systems for safeguarding the equal rights of children to access indigenous work. In the UK, children's programme production is tolerated only on the most minimal terms. The whole infrastructure that supported a thriving, internationally successful children's production sector has been dismantled and displaced.
Casting around for solutions, it is easy to find disadvantages with quotas with sponsorship with regional funding. It is unlikely a Fairy Godmother/Father will appear to address this situation. We must make our own happy ending but we can only win if there is a level playing field. We can only win if children's shifting television culture is acknowledged. Government intervention is not a popular idea but when the picture is one of increasing desperation, what are the options?
Unless securely funded competition within the home market is restored, innovation will fade away, the UK's place at the cutting edge of the children's television industry will never be regained and children will never have known a difference.
What people are saying...
Discuss this article in the forums.
By Anne Wood CBE
In 1984 Anne Wood founded Ragdoll Productions, whose work is loved by children around the world. Since then, Ragdoll has produced more than 1,500 programmes aimed at the youngest viewers, including a number of award-winning shows, particularly the hugely successful 'Teletubbies' and 'In the Night Garden'.
Anne's Profile
The Children's Media Foundation (CMF)


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The thought of spending 10 days holed up in a dark room is unpleasant. The thought of kittens holed up in a dark room for 10 days seems cruel, until one learns that the kittens entered the room visually impaired and emerged from it with their vision restored.
The kittens in question suffered from the equivalent of a human condition known as amblyopia, commonly referred to as "lazy eye." Amblyopia is associated with unusual changes in the visual cortex of the brain, which arise from the difference in the degree to which each eye is used. The changes are characterized primarily by the suppression of neural pathways associated with visual input from the weak eye and consolidation of the pathways from the favored eye.
Remarkably, these changes can be undone through forced use of the suppressed eye (in other words, covering the favored eye to prevent its use). But age plays a critical role in recovery, because after the first few years of life, the brain is less able to alter its neural connections to process information coming from the weak eye. Unfortunately, that critical period of development, when the brain is most plastic, is also the time when many cases of amblyopia are overlooked.
So, enter the kittens.
Research published in the early 1980s had indicated that exposure of kittens with monocular disturbance (disruption of visual input to one eye) to complete darkness enabled functional recovery of binocular vision. (Monocular disturbance is induced by stitching one eyelid shut for about one week during early development, after which the stitches are removed and the eye reopened.) The researchers behind the new study explored a mechanism that could help explain the influence of darkness on visual recovery and looked specifically to see whether darkness could restore the visual cortex to a more plastic state.
The work began with inducing monocular disturbance in seven kittens. Once their eyes were reopened, some of the kittens were put into a dark environment right away while others were subjected to darkness after a period of five to eight weeks. All the kittens were able to see again after emerging from the dark, but remarkably those in the delayed exposure group regained sight within a week, whereas those in the immediate darkness group required seven weeks to recover. (The reason for the difference in recovery rate is unclear.)
The researchers also discovered that levels of proteins known as neurofilaments decreased markedly in the kittens' brains. Neurofilaments are thought to stabilize the infrastructure (or cytoskeleton) of neurons, and their levels increase with age in cats. The implication is that a reduction in neurofilaments could cause the cytoskeleton of visual neurons to become less rigid and thereby render the cells more amenable to growth and synaptic change (synapses being the connections between neurons). Whether darkness has the same effect on the human brain, however, is yet unknown.


This gem provides a feature detector and descriptor extractor.
Features are used in applications such as:
 - 3D reconstruction using structure-from-motion
 - Visual odometry (motion tracking) & SLAM
 - Content-based image retrieval
 - Image alignment & panorama stitching
"ORB" stands for "Oriented FAST and rotated BRIEF". This shows that ORB is based on FAST, a feature detector, and BRIEF, a binary descriptor.
The original publication by Rublee, et al., titled "ORB: An efficient alternative to SIFT or SURF", can be found here: _URL_
ORB has the following key qualities compared to other feature types:
 - Efficient; Outstanding performance-quality tradeoff
 - Resistant to image noise
 - Rotation invariant
 - Multi-scale
The Isaac SDK ORB gem follows the original publication closely. In addition to that, it also:
 - Implements most of the pipeline in CUDA for higher performance by running on the GPU
 - Adds a spatial regularization ("grid filtering") step, which fixes a fundamental flaw of other implementations (e.g., OpenCV's) by distributing keypoints over the image more evenly. This has significant benefits for applications such as motion tracking.
The algorithm steps are as follows:
 1. Downsample input image to different scale levels
 2. Extract FAST features on all levels
 3. Apply grid filtering
 4. Extract feature orientation
 5. Extract descriptors
Types Provided by the Gem
A Keypoint has the following properties:
 - x, y: Keypoint coordinates in the image it was extracted from. Note: Since there are multiple scale levels, use the utility function GetCoordsAtTopLevel to get the coordinates at the topmost (initial) image level.
 - response: "Strength" of a feature. A higher score means a higher local contrast.
 - angle: Orientation angle (in radians)
 - scale: Radius of the support region (in pixels)
 - level: Scale level from which the feature was extracted. Starts at zero.
The Keypoints type is a vector of keypoints.
A Descriptor has the following properties:
 - id: An ID that allows connecting a descriptor back to the keypoint from which it originated
 - elements: The binary descriptor data, packed into a small buffer of elements.
The Descriptors type is a vector of descriptors.
How to Use the Gem (Interface)
The gem provides a single function, ExtractOrbFeatures, which is used to extract ORB features and descriptors from an image.
As an input parameter, an image has to be passed.
As an output parameter, Keypoints and Descriptors objects have to be passed.
These are the additional parameters that can be set:
 - Max. features (default 1500): The desired number of best features to retain.
 - FAST threshold (default 30): A threshold for the minimum local contrast a pixel has to exhibit in order to be considered a feature
 - Grid number of cells linear (default 8): How many bins to use for spatial regularization in horizontal / vertical direction. The total number of bins is the square of the parameter. A higher number means spreading features more evenly. Setting to 1 disables the regularization.
 - Downsampling factor (default 0.7): The size of the subsequent scale level, as a ratio of the current level. Values between 0.5 (inclusive) and 1.0 (exclusive) are allowed.
 - Max. levels (default 4): How many scale levels to use.
Building the package
Run the following command to build the gem, the codelet, and the sample application:
$ bazel build //packages/orb/...
Isaac Codelets
The ORB package provides a single codelet, ExtractAndVisualizeOrb, whose sole purpose is to show an example of how to use the gem with a ZED camera.
The gem can of course be used directly in applications without going through the codelet.
Fig. 2 ORB features overlaid over ZED camera image stream in Websight.
Sample Application
The example application extracts ORB features from images received from a ZED camera, and visualizes them using Websight.
Whatever platform you run the sample application on, make sure to first connect the ZED camera. While the application is running, open Isaac Sight in a browser by navigating to http://localhost:3000. If you are running the application on a Jetson platform, make sure to use the IP address of the Jetson system instead of localhost.
Host Device
Run the following command to start the demo:
$ bazel run //packages/orb/apps/orb_demo
Embedded Jetson Device
 1. Deploy //packages/orb/apps/orb_demo:orb_demo-pkg to the robot as explained in Application Console Options.
 2. SSH into the device with the following command:
$ ssh nvidia@ROBOTIP
 1. Run the demo application on the device with the following command, after changing to the deployed directory:
$ cd orb_demo-pkg/
$./packages/orb/apps/orb_demo/orb_demo


Character Name
Character Name
URL HERE | Character by Name?
Name Meaning
Name OriginMake sure you have no spaces between the lines and your text or it'll align right.
Date of BirthAs seen here, it aligns to the right.
Subspecies50% canis lupus ortus
LuperciYes (Ortus/Verto) or no
Birth place
Current pack
'Souls Profile
Current Pack
Pack Name
Joining date
Joining Rank
Most Recent Rank
Previous Pack
Pack Name
Joining date
On this page... (hide)
 1. 1. History
 2. 2. Personality
 3. 3. Relationships
 1. 3.1 Family
 2. 3.2 Friends
 3. 3.3 Acquaintances
 4. 3.4 Enemies
 4. 4. Skills
 5. 5. Appearance
 1. 5.1 Luperci Forms
 6. 6. Notable Threads
1. History
Character's history goes here. Divide into whatever periods you want. Suggestions include "early childhood," "adolescence," "early adulthood," blah, blah. After that, things probably got more interesting and you can have titles based on events or something. Talk about the character's pack, blah, blah. If the character is a loner, subsequent boxes packs can obviously be removed.
Use a reference to refer to a thread if you need to, to give your article context! If you do this, use superscript so the number isn't too large.[1] Leave the # there since it will count the references for you!
2. Personality
So and so is a sadomasochistic psychopath that does lots of weird and questionable things. Aliquam erat volutpat. Donec nunc felis, venenatis a, sodales sit amet, malesuada sed, lorem. Nulla interdum orci ut mauris. Vivamus felis. Vivamus convallis vestibulum odio. Quisque erat. Nulla viverra, nisl at pharetra viverra, pede orci auctor erat, a dignissim elit ipsum eu pede. Mauris id tellus quis ligula feugiat tristique. Vestibulum quam urna, aliquam ut, laoreet sed, rhoncus sed, ipsum. Kiri and Tammi both totally abuse lorem ipsum.
3. Relationships
3.1 Family
Character's relationship with family since 'Souls is totally family-centric/obsessive. 8D
3.2 Friends
3.3 Acquaintances
3.4 Enemies
4. Skills
List your characters abilities, talents, skills, and any knowledge they have!
 - Cooking
 - Cleaning
 - Making fries
5. Appearance
White fur, blue eyes, oh wait... Aliquam enim. Mauris sagittis. Nam felis. In vitae sapien. Sed et nulla.
5.1 Luperci Forms
Text about forms. Eg: which they prefer.
6. Notable Threads
 - Lists are fun
 - List
 - List