text:
Image from the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) spacecraft. Courtesy NASA/ESA
Visitors to a Science Museum event will be treated to a show of truly cosmic proportions – featuring the sights and sounds of solar flares.
Six space artists, musicians and scientists will discuss and explain how these sounds are captured and what we can learn from them at the Mixing With The Stars event on November 30 2006 at the museum's Dana Centre.
The event celebrates NASA's STEREO (Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory) mission, which launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida, on October 25 2006.
STEREO has launched two spacecraft to orbit the sun from opposite sides to gather data and create 3D images of coronal mass ejections, a form of solar flare that affect the solar wind and can cause magnetic storms on Earth.
This was also taken from the SOHO spacecraft. Courtesy NASA/ESA
"The sun has inspired artists and scientists for thousands of years and the STEREO mission is sparking a new wave of interest," said event organiser Holly Cave. "Anyone with an interest in music or science will be amazed to hear these sounds, see these images and find out how they can be manipulated."
Semiconductor – artists Ruth Jarman and Joseph Gerhardt – were artists in residence at the Berkeley Space Sciences Lab (SSL), University of California, where they spent five months researching and developing new works with the scientists there.
They will be showing their resulting film, Brilliant Noise, a sound film of solar flares, and talking about how they made it. Audience members will even be able to make their own space music by manipulating the solar sounds on a computer.
Solar flares captured by the Transition Region And Coronal Explorer (TRACE) spacecraft. Courtesy NASA/ESA
Artist Liliane Lijn, who also worked with SSL thanks to the Arts Council England International Artists Fellowship Scheme, will show how she makes art out of aerogel – the substance that astronauts use to catch space dust.
Chris Davis, who worked on the STEREO project's imaging equipment, will reveal what equipment is needed for filming the sun and Don Kurtz, astrophysicist from the University of Central Lancashire, will explain what the sounds recorded from the sun actually mean.
The Dana Centre is run by the Science Museum, the British Association for the Advancement of Science and the European Dana Alliance for the Brain and aims to provide exciting, informative and innovative debates about contemporary science, technology and culture. Events there are for anyone aged 18. Mixing With The Stars is free, although places should be pre-booked – call _PHONE_ 4040 or email _EMAIL_.


text: The Barents Sea is a sub-Arctic ecosystem located between 70 and 80ºN. It connects with the Norwegian Sea to the west and the Arctic Ocean to the north. The average depth is 230 m and the maximum depth is approximately 500 m at the western entrance. The general pattern of circulation (Figure 2.1.1) is strongly influenced by this topography, and is characterised by inflow of relatively warm Atlantic water, and coastal water from the west. This current divides into two branches: 1) a southern branch that flows parallel to the coast and eastwards towards Novaya Zemlya; and 2) a northern branch that flows into the Hopen Trench. The Coastal Water has more fresh-water runoff and a lower salinity than the Atlantic water; it also has a stronger seasonal temperature signal. In the northern region of the Barents Sea, fresh and cold Arctic waters flow from northeast to southwest. Atlantic and Arctic water masses are separated by the Polar Front, which is characterised by strong gradients in both temperature and salinity. There is large inter-annual variability in ocean climate related to variable strength of the Atlantic water inflow, and exchange of cold Arctic water. Thus, seasonal variations in hydrographic conditions can be quite large.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
a verb "they expire" after "in the middle of the night" ("Notes on Job, textual and exegetical," Bib 30 : 79ff.).
36 tn R. Gordis (Job, 389) thinks "people" here mean the people who count, the upper class.
37 tn The verb means "to be violently agitated." There is no problem with the word in this context, but commentators have made suggestions for improving the idea. The proposal that has the most to commend it, if one were inclined to choose a new word, is the change to יִגְוָעוּ (yigva'u, "they expire"; so Ball, Holscher, Fohrer, and others).
38 tn Heb "not by hand." This means without having to use force.
39 tn Heb "his"; the referent (a person) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
40 tn The construction of this colon uses the Niphal infinitive construct from סָתַר (satar, "to be hidden; to hide"). The resumptive adverb makes this a relative clause in its usage: "where the evildoers can hide themselves."
41 tn Heb "for he does not put upon man yet." This has been given a wide variety of interpretations, all of which involve a lot of additional thoughts. The word עוֹד ('od, "yet, still") has been replaced with מוֹעֵד (mo'ed, "an appointed time," Reiske and Wright), with the ם (mem) having dropped out by haplography. This makes good sense. If the MT is retained, the best interpretation would be that God does not any more consider (from "place upon the heart") man, that he might appear in judgment.
42 tn Heb "[with] no investigation."
43 tn The direct object "them" is implied and has been supplied in the translation for clarity.
44 tn The Hebrew term "night" is an accusative of time.
45 tn Heb "under wicked men," or "under wickednesses." J. C. Greenfield shows that the preposition can mean "among" as well ("Prepositions B Tachat in Jes 57:5," ZAW 32 : 227). That would allow "among wicked men." It could also be "instead of" or even "in return for [their wickedness]" which is what the RSV does.
46 tn The text simply uses רֹאִים (ro'im): "[in the place where there are] seers," i.e., spectators.
47 tn The verb הִשְׂכִּילוּ (hiskilu) means "to be prudent; to be wise." From this is derived the idea of "be wise in understanding God's will," and "be successful because of prudence" – i.e., successful with God.
48 tn The verse begins with the infinitive construct of בּוֹא (bo', "go"), showing the result of their impious actions.
49 tn The verb here is an imperfect; the clause is circumstantial to the preceding clause, showing either the result, or the concomitant action.
50 tn Heb "he"; the referent (God) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
51 tn The verb in this position is somewhat difficult, although it does make good sense in the sentence – it is just not what the parallelism would suggest. So several emendations have been put forward, for which see the commentaries.
52 tn The line simply reads "and over a nation and over a man together." But it must be the qualification for the points being made in the previous lines, namely, that even if God hides himself so no one can see, yet he is still watching over them all (see H. H. Rowley, Job [NCBC], 222).
53 tn The word translated "alike" (Heb "together") has bothered some interpreters. In the reading taken here it is acceptable. But others have emended it to gain a verb, such as "he visits" (Beer), "he watches over" (Duhm), "he is compassionate" (Kissane), etc. But it is sufficient to say "he is over."
54 tn This last verse is difficult because it is unbalanced and cryptic. Some have joined the third line of v. 29 with this entire verse to make a couplet. But the same result is achieved by simply regarding this verse as the purpose of v. 29. But there still are some words that must be added. In the first colon, "[he is over the nations]…preventing from ruling." And in the second colon, "laying" has to be supplied before "snares."
55 tn The Hebrew text has only "I lift up" or "I bear" (= I endure). The reading "I have been led astray" is obtained by changing the vowels to read a passive. If the MT is retained, an object has to be supplied, such as "chastisement" (so RSV, NASB) or "punishment" (NRSV). If not, then a different reading would be followed (e.g., "I was misguided" [NAB]; "I am guilty" [NIV]).
56 tn Heb "what I do not see," more specifically, "apart from [that which] I see."
57 tn Heb "is it from with you," an idiomatic expression meaning "to suit you" or "according to your judgment."
58 tn Heb "he"; the referent (God) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
59 tn There is no object on the verb, and the meaning is perhaps lost. The best guess is that Elihu is saying Job has rejected his teaching.
60 tn Adding "that" in the translation clarifies Elihu's indirect citation of the wise individuals' words.
61 tn The Hiphil infinitive construct is here functioning as a substantive. The word means "prudence; understanding."
62 tc The MT reads אָבִי ('avi, "my father"), which makes no sense. Some follow the KJV and emend the word to make a verb "I desire" or use the noun "my desire of it." Others follow an Arabic word meaning "entreat, I pray" (cf. ESV, "Would that Job were tried"). The LXX and the Syriac versions have "but" and "surely" respectively. Since this is the only
63 tn Although frequently translated "rebellion," the basic meaning of this Hebrew term is "transgression."
64 tc If this reading stands, it would mean that Job shows contempt, meaning that he mocks them and accuses God. It is a bold touch, but workable. Of the many suggested emendations, Dhorme alters some of the vowels and obtains a reading "and casts doubt among us," and then takes "transgression" from the first colon for the complement. Some commentators simply delete the line.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Connected Platform Detection/Prevention: 5 Wk Imp
Leverages Microsoft Azure to provide a scalable foundation for healthy smart spaces. As a secure, centralized hub, it ingests and triggers events from any data source.
During this 5 week implementation service clients will receive: * Business alignment conversation: Define business goals, success criteria, stakeholder personas, and review existing IT infrastructure * Base deployment: Connecting 1-2 sensors with Connected Platform and Azure and verify functionality * Depth deployment: Connecting additional sensors with Connected Platform and Azure * Educate IT staff on service usage and alerting * Validate implementation against defined business goals and success criteria
The Insight Connected Platform is an Azure based integrated platform equipped with best-in-class IoT sensors to help organizations safely reopen, stay open, and comply with organizational and governmental guidelines for prevention of disease spread.
Key use cases include: * Contactless temperature detection for public spaces * Portable virus testing centers * Smart hand sanitization stations * Smart cones to encourage social distancing
Benefits & Value to Stakeholders: * Detect elevated temperatures in group settings * Initiate alert and response workflows * Capture data to train vision models to a higher degree * Correlate data for use with contactless handheld devices * Leverage historical data to drive confidence among consumers


text:
The tropical, macro-tidal estuary of Darwin Harbour is in near-pristine condition and supports a rich biodiversity. However, urban and industrial development pressures are increasing in many parts of the catchment. This challenges us to improve our understanding of how the harbour's ecosystem responds to environmental threats and how best to optimise future development while preserving valuable ecosystem services. Here, we synthesise our current knowledge of several environmental aspects of the harbour and its catchment.
The intertidal zone and its abundant mangrove forests account for a major proportion of primary productivity in Darwin Harbour. These areas also play a key role in preserving water quality by intercepting catchment-derived pollutants and they substantially influence the movement of sediment through the estuary. Darwin Harbour mangroves generally remain in healthy condition with extensive areas of highly biodiverse habitats near urban and industrial developments.
The future health of Darwin Harbour depends substantially on the protection of the mangrove estate against further pressures from coastal land clearing, catchment derived pollutants and accelerated sedimentation from runoff and dredging. Rapid sea level rise (currently [Formula presented]8 mm/year) is a further significant threat to the stratified floristic assemblages and specialised invertebrate fauna typical of Darwin Harbour mangrove forests. These threats require development of new sensitive harbour-wide monitoring techniques to provide early warning of the excess accumulation of stressors and disruption to ecosystem functioning.


text:
Help:ICOOL 2007 workshop on educational modeling languages
From EduTech Wiki
- Page created by Daniel K. Schneider, 4 June 2007
- Last modified by Daniel K. Schneider, 30 August 2007
- 1 Pre-conference workshop on educational modeling languages
- 2 Related resources in this wiki
- 2.1 Conceptual overview
- 2.2 Overview of educational modeling languages
- 2.3 Ontologies and Metadata
- 2.4 IMS/SCORM 1.2/IEEE standards overview
- 2.5 IMS Learning Design and Simple Sequencing
- 2.6 Activity management systems
- 2.7 Document-centric models and systems
- 2.8 Educational use of design languages
- 2.9 Scenario planners
- 2.10 Discussion and alternatives
- 2.11 Software
- 3 References
1 Pre-conference workshop on educational modeling languages
This is part 1 of my contributions to Icool2007, i.e. resource page prepared for the workshop participants. I will not update this page.
Lecturer: Daniel K. Schneider, TECFA, University of Geneva
- 1-day workshop, June 11 9:30-12:30h 14:00-16:30h
- Maximum participants: 20
- Other requirements: Bring your own memory stick (USB key)
- You may bring your own Personal Laptop
- This preconference workshop aims to introduce and discuss various educational modeling languages (EML). An EML formally describes educational materials and/or pedagogical scenarios. Some EMLs are executable, i.e. allow to assemble certain kinds of learning objects which then can be "played" in various platforms.
- We introduce educational modelling languages as building blocks of instructional designs and critically discuss purpose and scope of various formalisms and tools. Participants also will gain some hands-on experience with a few tools.
- This workshop will provide a global overview, but we also will have a hands-on activity with 2-3 technologies, e.g. IMS Content Packaging with the Reload Editor and LAMS.
- Slides - 2MB PDF (about 100 pages). These slides need some additions and revisions, but I don't have time yet - Daniel K. Schneider 18:28, 18 June 2007 (MEST).
- I also distributed a paper copy of my Reload Editor Tutorial and the eXe Online Manual
2 Related resources in this wiki
2.1 Conceptual overview
- The concepts of instructional design model and instructional design method: what can be modeled?
- What are design languages?
- What is the purpose of educational modeling languages?
2.2 Overview of educational modeling languages
- Major standardization bodies
- What are so-called profiles, e.g. SCORM 1.2 and SCORM 2004
- Learning object standards
- E-learning tools: e.g. Authoring environments, learning management systems, learning object repository.
- Less known initiatives, on-going research.
2.3 Ontologies and Metadata
- Metadata, in particular Learning Object Metadata Standard
- Ontologies to analyze domain knowledge as in MISA or to model user characteristics
- The role of the semantic web initiative (RDF/OWL) for education
2.4 IMS/SCORM 1.2/IEEE standards overview
2.5 IMS Learning Design and Simple Sequencing
2.6 Activity management systems
2.7 Document-centric models and systems
- Is there a future for document standards like DITA or Docbook?
- The growing impact of microformats and semantic XHTML. Will there be microformats in Education?
2.8 Educational use of design languages
2.9 Scenario planners
2.10 Discussion and alternatives
- Do we really need modeling languages and in which situations?
- Where do light-weight cognitive tools and social computing fit in? Why are they more successful?
- Industry modeling languages like UML? The IMS learning design information model has been defined in UML.
- What is the relation to document and hypertext standards?
- Where do (some) lesson planners fit in?
- The current status of IMS Learning Design (LD). Why are tools so slow to appear?
- Where does e-learning 2.0 fit in, or is it an "anti-model"?
- Reload IMS/CP Scorm 1.2/Learning Design Editor
- Exe Authoring Tool
- MOT Ontology and Learning Design Editor
- For references see all wiki entries, and in particular the Educational modeling language article please.


text: remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques. Sample points were distributed across the landscape according to a stratified sampling scheme and the presence/absence of decline at each point was determined using a forest cover dataset and aerial photograph interpretation. Spatial patterns of topographic factors (e.g. elevation, slope, aspect) were derived from a 25 m digital elevation model of the province. To assess the strength of relations between the distribution of decline and the various environmental predictors, logistic regression and decision-tree models were applied. The lasso technique was used to select a significant set of coefficients and the selection was then validated through bootstrap analysis. Model results indicated that low elevation sites close to the coast, which are more exposed and have more variation in elevation, are more likely to show evidence of decline. The logistic model fit the data well (Nagelkerke R² = 0.846, Hosmer-Le Cessie omnibus test failed to find any evidence of lack of fit) and had high predictive accuracy (AUC = 0.98).The topographic variables identified by the model influence degree of soil saturation, temperatures and snowpack presence in a forest stand, supporting the proposed associations in the current decline hypothesis. The analysis also highlighted the utility of the lasso logistic model for selecting significant variables and mapping high risk areas for decline. Knowledge of the determinants of the spatial pattern of decline will improve predictability and provide critical information for the conservation and management of yellow-cedar.


text:
|Family/Household Reference Person Indicator (RPIP)This variable identifies the household member used in Census coding as the basis for identifying the relationships between usual residents of a household. Familial relationships are defined in terms of the relationship between the family reference person and all other family members.|
In the 2011 Census, data on the relationships people have with others in the same dwelling is mainly derived from question 5 on the Census Household Form, which asks for each person's relationship to Person 1 on the form.
Person 1 is the'reference person' for 94.2% of family reference persons and 99.0% of non-family reference persons. In the remaining cases, a more appropriate person on the form is chosen during clerical coding. For example, an adult is chosen rather than a child, or in the event of multiple family households additional reference persons are chosen.
For more detail on how family and non-family households are coded refer to the following data quality statements for Relationships in Household (RLHP), Household Composition (HHCD) and Family Composition (FMCF).
More information on RPIP is available in the 2011 Census Dictionary (cat. no. 2901.0).
Question 5 as it appeared on the 2011 Census Household FormData for this variable is mainly derived from question 5 on the Census Household Form.
A text only version of this question is also available
Back to Person classification


Friday, 5 June 2015
Chessmen Of Four Worlds
On Earth, when a red chess piece is moved onto a square already occupied by a white piece, the white piece is "taken," i.e. removed from the board.
On Wayland, in Poul Anderson's A Circus Of Hells, when an intelligent computer plays chess against itself, the large, robotic pieces fight for possession of squares.
On Barsoom, in ERB's The Chessmen Of Mars, jetan pieces (with 100, not 64, squares) take each other, except when the game is played with armed men who fight to the death.
On Zho'da, in SM Stirling's In The Courts Of The Crimson Kings, dice determine which atanj piece wins the fight for a square.
Thus, atanj combines skill with chance. Players can agree to throw dice on whether a Coercive piece will defect but we are also told that not exercising Coercives increases the odds of their defection - as if they had a mind of their own? Atanj also seems to include some role play. Three threes on the dice give the paratroops in a Flier Transport time to emerge and capture the Chief Coercive whose square they have invaded. Three ones mean that the paratroops have persuaded the Chief Coercive to turn against his Despot.
By moving together to another square, the Flier Transport and the defected Chief Coercive confront the Despot who must therefore either restore Sh'u Maz or abdicate. In the game described, he abdicates. Thus, the other Despot has proved his superior fitness both to perpetuate his lineage and to establish Sustained Harmony. Atanj pieces include Coercives, Clandestines, Blockade, Boycott, Flier Transport and Despot.
Barsoom and Zho'da are two fictional versions of Mars.
1 comment:
 1. Kaor, Paul!
 Interesting, I think early forms of Terran chess, before it spread west from India, also had dice being used. But I would need to check Murray's classic HISTORY OF CHESS to be sure.
 My view is that "atanj" is in several ways fundamentally different from Terran chess. Atanj, as a game of conflict, seems to prefer avoiding desperate struggles to the bitter end if you were losing, or a determination to win, no matter how high the costs. The Despot abdicates instead of being relentlessly attacked and trapped, Coercives defect rather than being slain in ruthless or relentless struggles. In other words, atanj shows wars as being fought for limited ends with limited weapons, which was how the hominids of Mars preferred to fight their wars.
 Terran chess, by contrast, seems a far more RUTHLESS game than atanj. Human chess players, at all levels of skill, are often willing to be as ruthless in playing the game as the laws of chess allows. They will pitilessly sacrifice most of their own "armies," including queens and rooks, if that was what it took to either checkmate the hostile King or force it to resign. And it's not unknown for even a losing player to desperately play on far beyond the point where a sensible Martian would have his Despot abdicate. Such players will use their utmost wiles to snatch a draw or stalemate from a lost chess game. I've done that myself! And even escaped total defeat by a stalemate by obstinately refusing to concede defeat!
 And Poul Anderson also wrote a short story based on the moves of a famous game of chess: "The Immortal Game." The original game was played by Karl Anderssen (White) with L.A.B.F. Kieseritzky (Black) in London, 1851. The game shows how Anderssen, with cunning and skill, deliberately sacrificed his Queen and Rooks to trap and checkmate Black. A perfect example both of how very different Terran chess is from atanj and Terran willingness to pay HEAVILY to win, at both chess and in wars.
 I would also argue that "The Immortal Game" is an early experiment by Anderson in using the theme of AI in his works. The story shows the chess pieces of both colors thinking, speaking, and acting.


text:
|Music of Italy|
|Media and performance|
|Music media||Music media in Italy|
|Nationalistic and patriotic songs|
|National anthem||"Il Canto degli Italiani"|
Tarantella (Italian pronunciation: [taranˈtɛlla]) is a group of various folk dances characterized by a fast upbeat tempo, usually in 6
8 time (sometimes 18
8 or 4
4), accompanied by tambourines. It is among the most recognized forms of traditional southern Italian music. The specific dance-name varies with every region, for instance tammurriata in Campania, pizzica in the Salento region, Sonu a ballu in Calabria. Tarantella is popular in Southern Italy and Argentina.
In the Italian province of Taranto, Apulia, the bite of a locally common type of wolf spider, named "tarantula" after the region, was popularly believed to be highly poisonous and to lead to a hysterical condition known as tarantism. This became known as the Tarantella. R. Lowe Thompson proposed that the dance is a survival from a "Dianic or Dionysiac cult", driven underground. John Compton later proposed that the Roman Senate had suppressed these ancient Bacchanalian rites. In 186 BC the tarantella went underground, reappearing under the guise of emergency therapy for bite victims.
Courtship vs tarantism dances
The stately courtship tarantella danced by a couple or couples, short in duration, is graceful and elegant and features characteristic music. On the other hand, the supposedly curative or symptomatic tarantella was danced solo by a victim of a Lycosa tarantula spider bite (not to be confused with what is commonly known as a tarantula today); it was agitated in character, lasted for hours or even up to days, and featured characteristic music. However, other forms of the dance were and still are couple dances (not necessarily a couple of different sexes) usually either mimicking courtship or a sword fight. The confusion appears to arrive from the fact that the spiders, the condition, its sufferers ('tarantolati'), and the dances all have similar names to the city of Taranto.
The dance originated in the Apulia region, and spread throughout the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. The Neapolitan tarantella is a courtship dance performed by couples whose "rhythms, melodies, gestures, and accompanying songs are quite distinct" featuring faster more cheerful music. Its origins may further lie in "a fifteenth-century fusion between the Spanish Fandango and the Moresque 'ballo di sfessartia'." The "magico-religious" tarantella is a solo dance performed supposedly to cure through perspiration the delirium and contortions attributed to the bite of a spider at harvest (summer) time. The dance was later applied as a supposed cure for the behavior of neurotic women ('Carnevaletto delle donne').
The tarantella is a dance in which the dancer and the drum player constantly try to upstage each other by playing faster or dancing longer than the other, subsequently tiring one person out first.
Tarantism, as a ritual, has roots in the ancient Greek myths. Reportedly, victims who had collapsed or were convulsing would begin to dance with appropriate music and be revived as if a tarantula had bitten them. The music used to treat dancing mania appears to be similar to that used in the case of tarantism though little is known about either. Justus Hecker (1795–1850), describes in his work Epidemics of the Middle Ages:
A convulsion infuriated the human frame [...]. Entire communities of people would join hands, dance, leap, scream, and shake for hours [...]. Music appeared to be the only means of combating the strange epidemic [...] lively, shrill tunes, played on trumpets and fifes, excited the dancers; soft, calm harmonies, graduated from fast to slow, high to low, prove efficacious for the cure.
The music used against spider bites featured drums and clarinets, was matched to the pace of the victim, and is only weakly connected to its later depiction in the tarantellas of Chopin, Liszt, Rossini, and Heller.
While most serious proponents speculated as to the direct physical benefits of the dancing rather than the power of the music a mid-18th century medical textbook gets the prevailing story backwards describing that tarantulas will be compelled to dance by violin music. It was thought that the Lycosa tarantula wolf spider had lent the name "tarantula" to an unrelated family of spiders, having been the species associated with Taranto, but since L. tarantula is not inherently deadly, the highly venomous Mediterranean black widow, Latrodectus tredecimguttatus, may have been the species originally associated with Taranto's manual grain harvest.
The Balanchine ballet Tarantella is set to the Grande Tarantelle for Piano and Orchestra, Op. 67 (ca. 1866) by Louis Moreau Gottschalk, reconstructed and orchestrated by Hershy Kay. The profusion of steps and the quick changes of direction that this brief but explosive pas de deux requires typify the ways in which Balanchine expanded the traditional vocabulary of classical dance.
- Benjamin Britten wrote a tarantella as the third and final movement of his Sinfonietta, Op. 1.
- Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco wrote a Tarantella for solo guitar, Op. 87b.
- Frédéric Chopin wrote a Tarantelle in A-flat, Op. 43 with the characteristic 6
8 time signature. It was inspired specifically by Rossini's's song "La Danza".
- John Corigliano wrote a Tarantella as the fourth movement of his Gazebo Dances.
- Claude Debussy wrote a piece called "Danse (Tarantelle styrienne)."
- Leopold Godowsky transcribed Chopin's Etude Op. 10, No. 5 "Black Key" into a tarantella for the piano.
- Helmut Lachenmann's twelfth movement of Tanzsuite mit Deutschlandlied (1979–80) is Tarantelle.
- Franz Liszt composed a piece called "Tarantella, Venezia e Napoli" (No. 3 from Années de pèlerinage, 2nd Year: Italy), which is in a rapid tempo in 6
- Felix Mendelssohn wrote a piece called "Tarantella" in 1845 (Op. 102, No. 3). The final movement of his Symphony No. 4 "Italian" is in the form of a tarantella.
- Santiago de Murcia, a baroque Spanish composer and guitarist, wrote a tarantella for guitar.
- Albert Pieczonka, a pianist and composer who performed in Prussia, England, and the United States wrote a popular piano composition titled Tarantella in A minor.
- David Popper wrote a piece called Tarantella, Op. 33, written in 6
- The fourth of Sergei Prokofiev's twelve easy pieces for piano—Musique d'Enfants, Op. 65—is a Tarantella.
- Sergei Rachmaninoff's Suite No. 2 for Two Pianos, Op. 17, features a tarantella for its finale.
- Gioachino Rossini's song "La Danza" is a Neapolitan tarantella.
- Camille Saint-Saëns composed Tarantella, Op. 6 in A minor for flute, clarinet and orchestra, or for flute, clarinet and piano. He also transcribed this piece for two pianos.
- The last movement of the Piano Concerto No. 2 in G minor by Camille Saint-Saëns is a tarantella.
- Gaspar Sanz wrote a tarantella.
- Pablo de Sarasate composed an Introduction and Tarantella for violin.
- Franz Schubert's Death and the Maiden Quartet uses a tarantella in the frenetic fourth movement.
- Franz Schubert's Piano Sonata in C minor, last movement, is a tarantella/rondo.
- The fourth movement of Schubert's Symphony No. 3 is also a tarantella, but following the Sonata form.
- Allan Small wrote Tarantella in A minor for piano.
- William Henry Squire wrote a tarantella for cello in D minor.
- The fifth movement of Igor Stravinsky's Suite italienne is a tarantella.
- Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's Capriccio Italien ends in a frenzied variation of a tarantella. Also, one of his Pas de Deux in The Nutcracker features a tarantella.
- Mark-Anthony Turnage composed a violin concerto entitled Mambo, Blues and Tarantella in 2007.
- Henryk Wieniawski composed a well-known violin piece called Scherzo-Tarantella, Op. 16.
- Tarantella for Piano and Orchestra was composed by American composer Michael Glenn Williams for pianist Sean Chen.
- The last movement of Malcolm Williamson's Sinfonietta (1965) is a tarantella.
- Mily Balakirev has a Tarantella in B major.
- Karol Szymanowski wrote a Nocturne and Tarantella for violin and piano.
- A


text:
(Native American English speaker here.)
I think you are right that "the" could rightly appear before "dishes". However, I find the sentence slightly better without an article there. I'll try to explain why. Hopefully this will shed some light on how articles work in English, especially why rules can't always explain it.
Why "the dishes" makes sense
First, here is why "the" makes sense before "dishes". "The" refers to a specific instance of the following noun, especially a specific instance that was recently introduced into the discourse (or instances with a plural). "Dishes" have not previously been explicitly brought into discourse, but "Korean restaurants" have. A reader reasonably understands "the dishes" to refer to "the dishes served in Korean restaurants".
Here are some similar examples of "the" referring back to an instance that was not explicitly mentioned previously, but referring to something closely related to what was mentioned previously;
I took my car to a garage for repairs today. The problem is the water pump.
Because you mentioned that your car is getting repaired, "the problem" refers to the specific problem that is the reason why you took your car to the garage. You could also use "the" to refer to the address of the garage, the name of the garage, the model of the car, and probably many other things that a listener might reasonably think are relevant—there can be no exact rule or boundary. The only rule is that what you refer to with "the" must be specific to what you introduced into the discourse. If you used "the" to refer to a problem that had nothing to do with your trip to the garage, that would be wrong—your listener would misunderstand.
You just heard Tchaikovsky's Violin Concerto, Op. 35. The soloist was Julia Fischer.
I've tried to make kimchi five times now, but I still haven't gotten the spices right.
Why "dishes" is slightly better
The example sentence is about "Korean restaurants". There's no article, so it's talking about this type of restaurant in general, not specific Korean restaurants. So, when you reach the word "dishes", you are still in the world of abstract types, not specific instances. To indicate that you want a plural noun to refer to the abstract type, not to specific instances, you use no article. Notice that you could also say it this way:
The vast majority of dishes in Korean restaurants involve rice, soup and an accompaniment of side dishes.
In the original sentence and in this one, "dishes" is regarded abstractly. (Even in this sentence, you could say "the dishes in Korean restaurants".)
You might reasonably object that the original sentence is not really about Korean restaurants in the abstract, it's about a specific set of Korean restaurants: only those in Korea. So, shouldn't we think of the dishes as the specific dishes served in those specific restaurants?
Indeed, that is a legitimate way to think about it. However, the way the original sentence is worded, with no article before "Korean restaurants", it asks you to think about them abstractly. So, it's a little more natural and harmonious to continue the abstract wording (no article) when you get to "dishes".
This is not a rule
In this sentence:
The Korean restaurants of Seoul are still the most popular in the city. The vast majority of the dishes involve rice, soup and an accompaniment of side dishes.
"the dishes" is probably a little better than "dishes" because you are referring to "The" Korean restaurants of Seoul. If you said "dishes" with no article, a listener would momentarily wonder if you have changed the topic to dishes in general. But it's still okay to omit the article. A listener will understand that you are referring abstractly to the kinds of dishes served in the Korean restaurants of Seoul. Omitting the article here is still normal English.
Both of these are okay, though I think the second is slightly clearer:
Kimchi can be tricky to make. Spices can be hard to find.
Kimchi can be tricky to make. The spices can be hard to find.
In other situations, though, different customs can apply. For example, this is wrong:
I've tried to make kimchi five times now, but I still haven't gotten spices right.
That would sound like you have switched to talking about spices in general, not just spices in kimchi. You can't even omit the article when explicitly talking about kimchi in the abstract:
When making kimchi, it can be difficult to get spices right.
When making kimchi, it can be difficult to get the spices right.
To make kimchi, you need spices that you can't find in this supermarket.
To make kimchi, you need the spices that you can't find in this supermarket.
In these sentences, other factors override what happened with "dishes". In the phrase "get X right", omitting the article would lead to X being understood generally, not in relation to something previously stated. With the verb "need", "the spices" would have to refer to specific spices already mentioned, not merely associated implicitly with kimchi.
So, there's no general rule. This can be frustrating if you're trying to learn how to use articles! The way to learn them is to (1) learn the most common and representative usages; (2) become sensitive to the factors that influence how people interpret and expect them in different situations; and (3) become accustomed to familiar phrases, which influence those expectations.
For example, the common phrases "get the details right", "get the facts right", "get the answers right", etc. influence people to strongly expect "the X" in that context to mean "the X that pertains to something else you're talking about", so if "the" is omitted, it suggests that the speaker means X very generally, not in relation to something specific. I recommend not memorizing very many of these. As you get accustomed to them through actual use, you gradually learn to make analogies with them in new situations the same way native speakers do.


28 MAY 2013 by ideonexus
 Geological and Social Impact of the Himalayas
When you look at the planet from low orbit, the impact of the Himalayas on Earth's climate seems obvious. It creates the rain shadow to beat all rain shadows, standing athwart the latitude of the trade winds and squeezing all the rain out of them before they head southwest, thus supplying eight of the Earth's mightiest rivers, but also parching not only the Gobi to the immediate north, but also everything to the southwest, including Pakistan and Iran, Mesopotamia, Saudi Arabia, even North...
Folksonomies: society geology
Folksonomies: society geology
 1 notes
They scorch the Earth and scorch the societies that live there. (Note: I disagree, this is overgeneralizing and ignores social ills of societies in more temperate climates)


text:
AS Transfer Degree
Economists are concerned with how to utilize scarce resources such as land, raw materials and human resources to provide goods and services for society. Economists analyze the relationship between the supply of goods and services on the one hand and demand for them on the other. Economists also examine how goods and services are produced, distributed and consumed. Some economists are concerned with specific fields such as farm, wage, tax, and tariff problems and policies. Others develop theories to explain the causes of employment and unemployment or inflation. Most economists analyze and interpret a wide variety of economic data in the course of their work.
Economists who work in colleges and universities teach the theories, principles, and methods of economics and conduct or direct research; they frequently write and act as consultants. Economists in government collect and analyze data and prepare studies to assess economic conditions and the need for changes in government policy. Economists who work for business firms provide management with information to make decisions on marketing and pricing of company products, the effect of government policies on business and international trade, or the advisability of business.
Students completing the transfer program in economics at John Wood Community College typically choose to attend a four-year college or university to complete their bachelor's degree and possibly pursue advanced degrees. For more information, contact a JWCC advisor.


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Some Related Sentences
is and believed
Each mode is believed to have a specific attribute -- one inducing pleasure, another generosity, another love, and so on, to include all of the emotions.
This machine, operating at speeds up to 350,000 revolutions per minute, is believed to provide one of the fastest mechanical operations in industry today.
The founder of the Junior Showmanship Competition the late Leonard Brumby, Sr. ( for whom the trophy is named after at Westminster ) was an outstanding Handler and believed a Junior should have an opportunity to exhibit in a dog show starting with the Junior Showmanship Division.
It is believed that these boards will, within the next few years, replace many of the conventional flood-lighted boards now in use.
An enemy would obviously choose an agent that is believed to be highly infectious.
It is believed that drug therapy and electroshock involve the former and psychotherapy the latter mechanism.
She later divorced Graham, who is believed to have moved to Bolivia.
Yes, he believed that the Jews were '' enemies of the Reich '', and such a belief is, of course, typical of '' patriotic '' anti-Semites ; ;
Second, they believed it important to determine the fate of the captain -- a man whose name is permanently stamped on our maps, on American towns and counties, on a great American river, and on half a million square miles of Arctic seas.
It is believed that Hudson was related to other seafaring men of the Muscovy Company and was trained on company ships.
The luminosity of the water is now believed to have been caused by the stimulation of vast numbers of the luminescent organism Noctiluca miliaris by the turbulence of the sea.
It is significant, too, that the older teen-agers I interviewed believed, unlike the younger ones, that Jewish students tend to do better academically than their gentile counterparts.
The large statue on the first floor is believed to be the statue of Pompey at the base of which Julius Caesar was stabbed to death ( if so, the statue once stood in the senate house ).
As you approach the church on the Via D. Baullari you are passing within yards of the remains of the Roman Theatre of Pompey, near which is believed to have been the place where Julius Caesar was assassinated.
The charges of the electron and proton are believed to be exactly equal and opposite, but Dr. Lyttleton is not so sure.
Even if that's all the promise he ever gave or ever will give, the giving of it once was enough and you believed it then and you will always believe it, even when it is finally the only thing in the world you have left to believe, and the whole world is telling you that one was a lie.
It is during this period in Athens from 335 to 323 BC when Aristotle is believed to have composed many of his works.
The earth deity had power over the ghostly world, and it is believed that she was the deity behind the oracle.
There is no agreement on when and where this Urheimat existed, though the language is generally believed to have originated somewhere in or near the region stretching from the Levant / Near East to the area between the Eastern Sahara and the Horn of Africa, including Egypt, Ethiopia and Sudan.
The first " true alphabet " in this sense is believed to be the Greek alphabet, which is a modified form of the Phoenician alphabet.
Based on letter appearances and names, it is believed to be based on Egyptian hieroglyphs.
is and use
But there is no use causing him to worry at this time ''.
But apart from racial problems, the old unreconstructed South -- to use the moderate words favored by Mr. Thomas Griffith -- finds itself unsympathetic to most of what is different about the civilization of the North.
Only the President is permitted to authorize the use of nuclear weapons.
The sequence is determined by chance, and Mr. Cunningham makes use of any one of several chance devices.
If they avoid the use of the pungent, outlawed four-letter word it is because it is taboo ; ;
This is the rhetoric of righteousness the beatniks use in defending their way of life, their search for wholeness, though their actual existence fails to reach these '' religious '' heights.
Part of the ritual of sex is the use of marijuana.
Holmes is addicted to the use of cocaine and other refreshing stimulants ; ;
But what a super-Herculean task it is to winnow anything of value from the mud-beplastered arguments used so freely, particularly since such common use is made of cliches and stereotypes, in themselves declarations of intellectual bankruptcy.
'' The argument that is cutting most ice is that Hearst is the only candidate who is fighting the trusts fearlessly and who would use all the powers of government to disrupt them if he were elected.
for if this can be proved we shall surely be the gainers -- I mean, if there is a use in poetry as well as a delight ''.
It is even true that some among them use the sheer fact of conformity -- '' everyone does it '' -- as a criterion for conduct.
Without a precise knowledge of Germanic philology, however, it is debatable whether their use was not more often a source of confusion and error than anything else.
Often the historian must consider the use of intuition or instinct by those individuals or nations which he is studying.
Easily the best known of these three novels is The Space Merchants, a good example of a science-fiction dystopia which extrapolates much more than the impact of science on human life, though its most important warning is in this area, namely as to the use to which discoveries in the behavioral sciences may be put.
The narrator is an Alsatian serving with the French Army, and he has the same name ( Berger ) that Malraux himself was later to use in the Resistance ; ;
And by a skillful and unobtrusive use of imagery ( the enclosure is called a '' Roman-camp stockade '', the hastily erected lean-to is a '' Babylonian hovel '', the men begin to look like '' Peruvian mummies '' and to acquire '' Gothic faces '' ), Malraux projects a fresco of human endurance -- which is also the endurance of the human -- stretching backward into the dark abyss of time.
is and image
Westbrook further bemoans the Southern writers' creation of an unreal image of their homeland, which is too readily assimilated by both foreign readers and visiting Yankees: '' Our northerner is suspicious of all this crass evidence ( of urbanization ) presented to his senses.
Life is further characterized, in antithesis to Piepsam, as animal: the image of a dog, which appears at several places, is first given as the criterion of amiable, irrelevant interest aroused by life considered simply as a spectacle: a dog in a wagon is '' admirable '', '' a pleasure to contemplate '' ; ;
By '' image '' is meant not only a visual presentation, but also remembered sensations of any of the five senses plus the feelings which are immediately conjoined therewith.
This favorable image of America in the minds of Russian men and women is still there despite years of energetic anti-American propaganda ''
Merely having a mental image of some sort is not the all-important consideration.
The '' conventional '' image of a particular time and place is not necessarily congruent with the image of the facts as established over the years by scholarly and scientific research.
The image of man which enters into force with Aeschylus is still vital in Phedre and Athalie.
For here if anywhere in contemporary literature is a major effort to counterbalance Existentialism and restore some of its former lustre to the tarnished image of the species Man, or, as Malraux himself puts it, '' to make men conscious of the grandeur they ignore in themselves ''.
That picture of the American prairie is as indelibly fixed in the memory of those who have studied the conquest of the American continent as any later cinema image of the West made in live-oak canyons near Hollywood.
The most articulate Republicans are those who, in their desire to get back at Mr. Kennedy, already have created the image of a Republican leadership which is reluctant to assist the distressed and the unemployed, and which is even more unwilling to help old people who need medical care.
In establishing conditions of self-help, it is important that we not expect countries to remake themselves in our image.
When this linear draft is completed, I dust it down to a faint image.
Consider a simple, closed, plane curve C which is a real-analytic image of the unit circle, and which is given by Af.
The line Af is the image of L.
Moreover, from the definitive transformation of intercepts on the generators of Af, it is clear that the only points of Q at which a line can meet its image are the points of Aj.
The most obvious of these is the quadratic complex of tangents to Q, each line of which is transformed into the entire pencil of lines tangent to Q at the image of the point of tangency of the given line.
It is interesting that a 1: 1 correspondence can be established between the lines of two such pencils, so that in a sense a unique image can actually be assigned to each tangent.
Hence, thought of as a line in a particular plane **yp, any tangent to Q has a unique image and moreover this image is the same for all planes through L.
0.095 seconds.


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Websites For Education
Urdu Stories and Novels by Umera Ahmed
Umera Ahmed is a great name of the Urdu popular fiction. Unlike many other writers, she made a choice to write popular fiction instead of the literature. Her motto is to reach as large an audience as possible. She knows that it is possible only through the popular fiction and not through the literature. Actually, in Pakistan the audience of the Urdu literature is very small in number. Therefore, it is not a surprise that a writer with such a large caliber chose the popular fiction over literature.
The Urdu stories and novels of Umera Ahmed are excellent in diction. This has made many people in her audience to wonder that may be her education is relevant to Urdu literature. However, it is not true. In fact, Umera Ahmed has done masters in the English literature.
She lives in Sialkot. She got her education from the Murray College, Sialkot. By profession, Umera Ahmed has also been a teacher along with being a writer. She is a teacher at Army Public School, Sialkot and she teaches English to O level students of grade 9 and 10.
How Umera Ahmed started writing in Urdu is a very interesting story. Umera Ahmed's handwriting of Urdu was very poor. In her university, she thought of writing diary every day in Urdu to improve her handwriting. Gradually instead of writing diary of her own accounts, she started to write diaries of two imaginary people, Kashaf and Zaroon, who were class fellows with clashing ideas in a Masters class of International relations. Over the time of two years, Umera's writing improved. Moreover, those two diaries of imaginary people became an interesting Urdu novel. Umera sent that novel for publishing and it was published very soon. Umera Ahmed recalls that since then none of her Urdu stories ever had to wait for publication.
There are some specific areas in which the stories of Umera Ahmed are very powerful. Umera Ahmed is an expert of writing on International affairs and bureaucracy. Her first novel was on international affairs. Then she wrote an excellent novel on the bureaucracy of Pakistan called Amer Bail. The Amer bail is a parasite plant and this is exactly what the bureaucracy of Pakistan is. Initially Umera also tried to write on the lives of the people belonging to Armed forces of Pakistan and their families. However, those stories had research mistakes and they were not very well received.
After the bureaucracy, current affairs, and international relations, Her interest tilted towards producing Urdu novels on religion. She does not preach about the religion in her novels. However, the factor of religious mindedness is very strong in her stories and novels. Some of her stories with very strong religious undertones are Meri Zaat Zara e Benishan, Man o Salwa and Peer e Kamil (s.a.w.)
These days Umera Ahmed is not writing stories and novels for the popular fiction digests. Her focus is to produce stories and scripts for the TV now. Therefore, in her quest to reach a large audience Umera Ahmed is now a script and storywriter for the television.…
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Websites For Education
Confused About College? These Tips Can Help!
Know as much as you can about the career you'd like to get into before even applying for college. This will make sure that you will select the college that has the program courses in your field of interest. If necessary, schedule an appointment with the director of admissions.
To help save money on textbooks, buy them used. Textbooks are generally quite costly. Given the high cost of tuition, you surely could use a few extra dollars. Look for bookstores and online retailers that offer used text books. Used books are totally affordable.
Pick classes that you like instead of ones that just seem easy. You can be greatly rewarded by stretching yourself. If you learn as much as you can about your classes, you might be able to meet some people that can guide you along your way.
Set aside some time for a break. Taking breaks is about as important for you to remember as the actual act of studying itself. For every 60 minutes you study, take ten minutes for a break. You should always stay with a schedule if you are in school.


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Chromium deportment in copper matte equilibrated with CrxO-containing slag
MetadataShow full item record
An understanding of the behaviour of chromium in mattes equilibrated with chrome-saturated slags is essential for the prediction and control of chromium deportment in these melts. The main ore reserves of South Africa's platinum group metals (PGM) are associated with the Merensky and UG2 reefs of the Bushveld Complex. The gradual depletion of the pyroxenitic Merensky reef over the years has necessitated the PGM industry to exploit the underlying chromiterich UG2 reef. The problem with UG2 reef is that it contains significant amounts of chromium, this being typically 5% (reported as Cr2O3) against <1% for the Merensky reef (in concentrates). Chromium has a number of deleterious effects on base-metal smelting processes. Under given conditions, it forms chromite spinels, which can accumulate and, over a period of time, form undesirable build-ups resulting in reduced furnace operational volume. The chromite spinels also tend to increase slag viscosity, thereby impacting negatively on the slag/matte separation, which leads to matte entrainment in slag. Moreover, high viscosities lead to problems with tapping of the furnace melts. Finally it can be said that chromium that deports to the matte during smelting will normally tend to precipitate as spinels during subsequent converting, and lead to the formation of very stable and unwanted slag foams in the converter. In literature, there exists very little published work on the behaviour of chromium in sulphur-saturated systems such as matte-smelting furnaces. The few publications that exist in this area do not cover the effect of controlling all the pertinent variables simultaneously on the behaviour of chromium in mattes in equilibrium with chromium-containing slags. Hence the main focus of the oxygen fugacities on the mineralogical and deportment behaviour of chromium in a matte-slag system. All the three variables (temperature, oxygen fugacity (pO2), and sulphur fugacity (pS2)) were investigated at three levels. Temperatures studied were 1300°C, 1400°C, and 1500°C. Oxygen and sulphur fugacities were established by controlling the mix-ratios of purified carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, and argon. Oxygen fugacities were maintained at 10-10atm, 10-8atm, and 10-6atm; whereas sulphur fugacities were maintained at 10-6atm, 10-4atm, and 10- 2atm. In order to investigate the effect of each of these three variables (temperature, pS2, and pO2) at different levels of the other variables, a completely randomised 33 full factorial experimental design was adopted. The study revealed that chromium is generally present in matte as both dissolved CrS and as precipitated oxidic and sulphidic chromium spinel phases. It was shown that as the conditions become more oxidising (pO2 = 10-6atm), CrS (which is soluble in matte) becomes a predominant phase, and as the conditions become more reducing (pO2 = 10-10atm), the sulphospinel, daubreelite (FeCr2S4), becomes a more predominant phase. Oxidic chromium spinels were found to be present in matte under the more oxidising conditions (pO2 of 10-6atm) of this investigation. The presence of the above-mentioned phases was confirmed using X-ray diffraction. Subject to the experimental conditions employed in this research, chromium was found to partition the least to matte under the conditions of; low temperature, high pO2, and low pS2. Conversely, chromium was found to partition the most to matte under the conditions of; high temperature, low pO2, and high pS2.


text:
Delesseria decipiens Ecology
decipiens lives in low intertidal to subtidal areas on the west
coast of North America, from Alaska to San Luis Obispo, CA. D.
decipiens is saxicolus,
meaning that it grows on rocks and can be found on the vertical faces
of rocks in the low intertidal areas. D.
decipiens was first collected in 1859 in the Straits de Juan de
Fuca, near present day Washington State. Samples of D. decipiens were
found in the Hopkins Marine Life Refuge growing on buoy lines in late January
and early March. Data collected from the Gilbert M. Smith Herbarium
also indicates that D. decipiens grows in
a wide variety of locations around the Monterey and Carmel Bay areas.
Locations of D. decipiens in the past have included, from north
to south, Point Pinos, Moss Beach, Asilomar, Spanish Bay, Point Joe,
Cypress Point, Pescadero Point, Pebble Beach, Stillwater Cove, Carmel
Beach, Mission Point and Soberanes Point. Herbarium notes suggest that D.
decipiens can grow in a tidal range form 0.5 to -1.5 feet, although
some sources indicate that it grows at depths of 20 feet. Map
of coastline of the Monterey Peninsula.
To see additional data from the G.M. Smith Herbarium Click Here
Seasonal Growth Delesseria
decipiens is a spring annual that can be found in the Monterey
Bay region from late January to July. Based on a survey of D. decipiens samples
in the Gilbert M. Smith Herbarium, plants seem to reach their maximum
size, as measured by the length of their primary midrib, in May and
June. There did not appear to be any pattern of reproductive development
with samples becoming reproductively identifiable in April and continuing
Sensing UV Light Studies done in Delesseria sanguinea have shown that D. sanguinea is a sensitive and reliable indicator of UVB light, demonstrating a significant reduction in growth rates when compared to exposure to visible sunlight and UVA light alone. This is significant as continued thinning of the ozone layer allows more UVB light to reach the earths surface. UVB is a highly destructive form of UV light and accurate indicators such as D. sanguinea could be highly valuable in monitoring the effects of UVB levels on biological life. It is not currently know whether D. decipiens shares the same UVB sensitive properties, but testing this property could be an area of further research.
Delesseria decipiens as a habitat Delesseria decipiens can act as a habitat for other invertebrates and marine organisms. In a sample collected on March 4, 2004 from a buoy line several invertebrates were found in association with D. decipiens. These invertebrates included several caprellids, called skeleton shrimp (Phylum Arthropoda, Class Crustacea, Order Amphipoda), a tiny nudibranch (above right) Coryphella trilineata (Phylum Mollusca, Class Gastropoda, Order Nudibranch), several acorn barnacles of the genus Lepas (Phylum Arthropoda, Class Crustacea. Order Thoracica), and an unidentified worm from the phylum Nemertea about 2mm long.
Gooseneck barnacle living on Delesseria decipiens (right)
Caprellid shrimp attached to algae


text:
VANCOUVER – Canadian and Australian scientists have developed a new malaria treatment that has been shown effective in increasing survival rates of severe malaria by as much as 50 per cent.
The findings, published on a recent edition of the journal Science Translational Medicine, showed that a new class of anti-inflammatory drugs, innate defense regulator (IDR) peptides, prevented inflammation in the brains of mice with malaria and improved their survival.
Case fatality rates for severe malaria remain high even in the best clinical settings because anti-malarial drugs act against the parasite without alleviating life-threatening inflammation that damages vital organs, the scientists said.
However, using anti-malarial treatment in combination with IDR peptides, which was developed by Robert Hancock and colleagues from the University of British Columbia, could increase survival of infected mice while down-regulating key inflammatory networks associated with fatality, the study found.
As co-author of the study, Hancock said the findings support an approach to treating infections called host-directed therapy — intended to target the host and not the parasite.
Louis Schofield, the co-author from the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute in Australia, said that IDR peptides enhance beneficial aspects of the initial immune response, while dampening harmful inflammation.
"IDR peptides are also relatively cheap to produce and easy to use, making them a good option for medical treatments in developing countries," Schofield said.
Malaria kills up to one million people worldwide every year, particularly children under five and pregnant women, who often develop severe clinical symptoms such as brain damage and multiple organ failure. (Xinhua)


text:
|Predicting post-natal energy intake of lesser black-backed gull chicks by Dynamic Energy Budget modeling|In: Ecological Modelling. Elsevier: Amsterdam; Lausanne; New York; Oxford; Shannon; Tokyo. ISSN 0304-3800; e-ISSN _PHONE_, meer
Larus fuscus Linnaeus, 1758 [WoRMS]
Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) theory; Fledgling; Food demands; Nutritional stress; Larus fuscus
The standard Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) model is widely used to describe the physiology of individual animals. Here we parametrized the DEB model for the lesser black-backed gull Larus fuscus mainly on the basis of literature data. Next we performed an inverse modeling approach to predict the food intake rate of gull chicks (model input) on the basis of their growth trajectory from hatching to fledging (model output). Food intake rate and growth were also measured for this period in an aviary experiment, where three different diet treatments resulted in a large range in overall intake rate. These measured food intake rate data were not used in the parameter estimation procedure, but rather to validate model results. Model predictions of food intake rate were systematically only about 10% below the observations, but predictions and observations correlated strongly. The DEB model might be used to predict food provisioning rates in the field, which are difficult to obtain, on the basis of growth data, which are much easier to get.


text:
What is it?
Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT) is a genetic disorder of the blood vessels, which affects approximately 1 in 5,000 people. It affects males and females from all racial and ethnic groups. The disorder is also sometimes referred to as Osler-Weber-Rendu (OWR)
What are the main symptoms?
Sadly 9 out of 10 people who have HHT have not been diagnosed, and as someone who knows all the symptoms too well, I can't help but pick up on them with friends and so forth.
Here are the Symptoms:
1. NOSEBLEEDS, spontaneous and recurrent.
2. TELANGIECTASES, multiple, at characteristic sites including lips, oral cavity, fingers and nose.
3. INTERNAL LESIONS such as: Gastrointestinal telangiectasia (with or without bleeding), Pulmonary AVM, Hepatic AVM, Cerebral AVM, Spinal AVM, Multiple AVMs, etc.
4. FAMILY HISTORY- a first degree relative with HHT according to these criteria.
The HHT Diagnosis is:
- Definite if 3 criteria are present
- Possible or suspected if 2 criteria are present
- Unlikely if fewer than 2 criteria are present.
here is the HHT website with all the information on symptoms. So if you have these, or know someone else who has them, please see a doctor/ inform them to see a doctor who is aware of the condition and can give you a diagnosis. If you click in the links at the top of the website it is easy to find more information about HHT.
Location: World wide.
Latest Activity: May 12
My wife's family is historically from the region comprising eastern Germany / Poland, where HHT is prevalent (we're in Southern Maryland right now), and her Mom had it, and her brother and nephew…Continue


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The Nooksack River does a lot of moving around in its upper reaches. Fortunately there is not a lot of development along these reaches of the river. Perhaps some of the development that did take place in the past has been washed away. One exception is at Deming, an unincorporated town. The town has one advantage in that the Burlington Northern Santa Fe Rail Road track passes through the town between the town and the river. The rail line with its elevated tracks and prism of rocks has provided a level of protection to the community as well as other development further down stream. However, development has crept over the rail line, and this reach of the Nooksack has become one of the more expensive stretches of the river in terms of flood hazard investment. At Deming the Nooksack River made a major coarse shift to the north in the 1980s and began to threaten the bus and shop facilities of the Mount Baker High School as well as the high school sewer treatment facility. The river also threatened to take out the Nooksack Casino drain field.
The new river bank was lined with a heavy angular rock rip rap levee to reduce flood risk and prevent further migration of the river. Initially the river approached the upper east end of this heavy armored levee at nearly a 90 degree angle. But over the past decade the river has progressively migrated to the west taking aim at different portions of the levee as it progressed. Overall the levee has held up well with some relatively minor rock replacement.
The progression of the river along the levee has been fascinating to watch:
Whatcom County Flood Zone District is working toward doing improvements on the east end of the dike. If the river shifts back to the east again which it will eventually, the east end would fail and the river would get back behind the dike. To prevent this scenario a new levee section will be constructed from the current east end of the heavy armored levee to the edge of the Burlington Northern Railroad.
As can be seen in the last image, the river will likely migrate to the west end of the levee. That will likely lead to a fairly broad area of rapid channel migration if the river holds its current pattern. Fortunately, the river has a lot more room to meander down stream of Deming without threatening structures or public facilities as the forest bottom lands have been occupied by the river within the past 100 years and will likely be occupied again.


We are looking for highly motivated students and postdocs who are interested in computational biology and genomics. Potential candidates should have either a strong computational background and an interest in developing and/or applying algorithms and machine learning techniques to genomic problems; or a strong experimental background and an interest in combining laboratory work with computational analyses.
The Gordan lab is recruiting graduate students mainly through the following PhD programs:
Interested students should apply through the PhD programs above. Interested postdoctoral applicants should send a CV, cover letter, and contact information for three references to Raluca Gordan at raluca.gordan-at-duke.edu.
All trainees in our lab learn and use a range of computational and/or experimental skills to study regulatory interactions between transcription factors and DNA, and to develop quantitative models of transcriptional regulation.
Typical computational skills include: developing data analysis tools using Python or R (or your favorite programming language); designing and implementing classification, regression, and clustering algorithms; processing genomic data to design DNA libraries for PBM experiments; developing statistical methods to analyze protein-DNA binding data.
Typical experimental skills include: gene cloning, DNA and protein quantification, site-directed mutagenesis, protein expression and purification, measuring in vitro protein-DNA binding using protein binding microarrays, mammalian cell culture, reporter assays.


Question: How To Make Chicken Parmesan With Marinara Sauce?
How do you make chicken parmesan from scratch?
What is the difference between chicken parmesan and chicken parmigiana?
How do you keep chicken parm from getting soggy?
You might be interested: FAQ: Eggplant Rollatini Vs Eggplant Parmesan Which Is Better Weight Watcher?
Why is it called Chicken Parm if it's made with mozzarella?
What sides are good with chicken parmesan?
 - Pasta. Let's get started with a classic combination.
 - Veggie Noodles.
 - Caesar Salad.
 - Cauliflower Salad.
 - Broccoli Salad.
 - Cucumber Salad.
 - Garlic Bread.
 - Mashed Potatoes.
What do you eat with chicken parmesan?
This is an easy chicken dinner the whole family will love! Made with homemade marinara sauce and melted mozzarella cheese. Serve it over pasta, zucchini noodles, roasted veggies or with a large salad to keep it on the lighter side.
Does Cheesecake Factory have chicken parmesan?
Does chicken parm have mozzarella?
Do they eat chicken parm in Italy?
According to Parla, chicken Parmesan — the beloved breaded and fried chicken cutlet smothered in tomato sauce and a blanket of melted cheese — is not a dish you will find in Italy.
You might be interested: How To Make Parmesan Baked Chicken?
Can I prepare breaded chicken ahead of time?
How long can chicken parmesan stay in fridge?
What oil should I use to fry chicken?
What's the difference between chicken parmigiana and schnitzel?
As nouns the difference between schnitzel and parmigiana is that schnitzel is a dish consisting of fried veal cutlet while parmigiana is (cooking|in combination) a cooking style in which a main ingredient is combined with cheese and coated with tomato sauce before being baked.
What does parmigiana mean in Italian?
While " parmigiana " means "from Parma" (in Northern Italy), the dish is not part of Parma food. It is based on melanzane alla parmigiana (alt. parmigiana di melanzane) or eggplant parmigiana (or eggplant Parmesan), a classic Southern Italian dish. The veal dish is known in Italian as Cotolette alla Bolognese.
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Bringing together technology experts, stakeholders, innovators and bloggers, Tech Salon Accra drew debates on the availability, accessibility and improvement of data that enhances the Ghanaian citizen's participation in the governance process. It is significant to note that citizens' engagement in development issues and accountability can presently be pursued using digital technology.
With about thirty participants in attendance, the following issues were brought to the fore and elaborated upon,
1. How has technology played a role in connecting Ghanaians to their government?
2. Which technologies were effective (or not) in holding government accountable?
3. What new technologies can we use to make sure Ghana continues to be transparent?
4. Who are the innovators developing new solutions to encourage greater citizen engagement?
It was however stressed, that public or citizen open data should be produced considering the era of video communication method in the current face of Ghana's entertainment.
The Technology Salon is an intimate, informal, and in person, discussion between information and communication technology experts and international development professionals, with a focus on both:
- technology's impact on donor-sponsored technical assistance delivery, and
- private enterprise driven economic development, facilitated by technology.


Microgrids – Stand-Alone / Off-grid / Edge-of-Grid
When large-scale power generation is not readily available, local generation can be installed and made reliable by supplementing battery storage (which can handle day-to-day variations in renewable supply and power demand by the microgrid) with a large amount of energy stored as hydrogen.
The hydrogen allows long-term power, for example when there are long periods of low supply (or high demand) that would exhaust the batteries. This can be on timescales from hours to seasons according to the local conditions. A microgrid works best when it has several complementary generation (eg wind + solar and perhaps hydroelectric) and storage (eg batteries + hydrogen fuel).
It is ideal to be able to both generate hydrogen (when there is excess power supply but the batteries are full) and utilize hydrogen (for continued reliable power when power supply is insufficient and the batteries are getting low). Hydrolite Electrolyzers and Fuel Cells are two low cost solutions that can make a microgrid reliable and affordable.


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The Weight Never Goes Up But The Stomach Looks Big?
Hello, I want to ask? What is the problem of weight gain that does not go up but the stomach looks / feels very big. Please give an explanation
Hello, thank you for asking at HealthReplies.com
A stomach that looks like it can enlarge can occur due to the following conditions, which are:
1. Fat deposits in the abdominal wall.
2. Ascites or accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity.
3. There is an enlargement of organs in the abdominal cavity, such as enlargement of the liver or hepatomegaly and enlargement of the spleen or splenomegaly.
4. Tumors in the abdominal wall or in organs in the abdominal cavity.
You can ascertain whether you have an enlarged stomach by measuring your belly circumference every day. Measuring the circumference of the abdomen can be done on the most bulging abdomen then the metering cloth canister in the area. Compare your measurements every day.
If accompanied by symptoms of Blaine, such as the stomach feels full or heavy or like there are water shocks, vomiting, fever, skin and eyes turn yellow and other complaints, immediately consult with a specialist in internal medicine to be able to do a direct and thorough examination. It is expected that the right singer and you immediately live.
Thus hopefully useful.


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Bessie (Lake Erie)
Lake Erie – Lake Monster
Lake Erie is located in Cleveland Ohio and there is said to be a creature roaming its waters. There have been many sightings in the waters of Lake Erie of a unknown creature that is known to many by the nickname of "Bessie". The Lake Erie locals have themselves given this unknown cryptid a name "South Bay Bessie". The creature has been reported as far back as the 1800′s up until many present day sightings. Most discriptions vary some but the creature is said to have a snake like frame ranging in length from 30 to 40 feet long and having a grayish color.
Sightings of Bessie have started to become a little more frequent over the last two decades. There was an attack in 1992 where 3 people were killed on the lake and the creature was reportedly linked to the tragidy. One of the people who survived the attack was said to make a quote saying "the creature that attacked him has a head the size of a car", but this report cannot be confirmed so it is considered by many to simply be a local myth or legend.
Many main stream scientist still reject the notion that "Bessie" could be alive and well in Lake Erie. They refer to the fact that the lake does not offer a habitat capable of sustaining a creature the size of bessie alone much less anykind of breading population of the creatures. But many in the cryptozoological field say that it is possible the creature could have adapted to the lake conditions over the years and could very well be alive and well and able to sustain itself.
There is still to this day a reward offered for a humane capture of the living creature known as "Bessie". Does this lake monster really exist in the waters of Lake Erie? Well there is yet to be any solid proof to the existance of any cryptid among the waters, but only time will tell if this turns out to be simply a local legend.
The Search Continues – CryPtoReports


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In my mind, there are three classifications of woodworking techniques. There are many that I classify as "useful," a smaller number that I think of as "indispensable," and then a very few that represent a true breakthrough in woodworking technology. Bending wood is one of the latter.
The ability to alter the grain direction as our imagination dictates while preserving the strength inherent in a straight piece of wood allows us to create the elegant beauty of a continuous-arm Windsor chair and the inspiring sweep of a vaulted ceiling. We first explored our world in sailing ships with bent wood hulls, then left it in airplanes with bent wood wings. Our world would be much less beautiful and much less exciting without this simple woodworking technique.
I'm currently engaged in a woodworking project designed to create a little excitement, and bending wood is at the very heart of it. I'm part of a group of historians and aviators who are recreating the six experimental airplanes of the Wright brothers, beginning with their model glider of 1899 and ending with the 1905 Wright Flyer 3, the first practical airplane. The frames of these primitive aircraft are a collection of bent wood parts — ribs, wing ends, braces and skids — ingeniously arranged to catch the wind and lift a man into the air.
True Geniuses Prefer Cold Bending
When most of us hear the words "bending wood," we think of steam bending. The wood is heated briefly in low-pressure steam to soften the lignin (a glue-like protein that holds the cellulose fibers together). While the wood is still hot, it's clamped into a bending form. The cellulose fibers telescope to conform to the curve, and the lignin cools to hold them in place. Or almost. In actual practice, the fibers never quite conform, and when you remove the wood from the bending form, there is a great deal of springback — the wood loses some of its curve. If the wood is not attached to the other parts in the project so as to hold the curve, it may continue to relax and it will spring back even more. This problem plagued the Wright brothers while they were doing their glider experiments — they calculated precise curves for the ribs to fly as efficiently as possible, only to have the ribs relax and lose a good deal of curvature before they could get their gliders in the air.
To solve this problem, they eventually abandoned steam bending for an early form of cold bending. They arranged the parts of the ribs for their Flyers in a bending form, then nailed them together with brads. They could not use glue — the adhesives 100 years ago were not weatherproof. A good rain and the wings would have come apart.
Fortunately, we have a much larger and more reliable selection of adhesives to choose from than the Wrights. We decided to make the bent wood ribs of our replica Wright gliders by laminating the parts with a water-resistant aliphatic resin (yellow) glue. You could also use Resorcinol, epoxy or polyurethane glue for an application like ours. If your project won't be exposed to the weather, you can use almost any good wood glue.
To cold-bend wood, first resaw your stock into thin strips and plane it so the thickness is even. The thickness of the strips depends to a large extent on the radius of the curve. The tighter the radius, the thinner the strips. I use this chart as a jumping-off point:
- 2″ to 4″ radius — 3/32″ thick
- 4″ to 8″ radius — 1/8″ thick
- 8″ to 12″ radius — 3/16″ thick
- 12″ radius or larger — 1/4″ thick
There are other factors to consider: the species of wood, the slope of the grain (as it runs between the faces of the strips), the strength you want, and the amount of springback you can tolerate. For maximum strength and minimum springback, we decided to glue up the ribs from 1/8″-thick strips, although the radius of the curve was nowhere near 8″.
Stack the strips as you will glue them together. If you use strips that were all resawn from the same board, flip every other strip end for end to reverse the grain slope. Spread a thin layer of glue on the face of one strip, lay the next strip on top of it, spread more glue and repeat. If you're laminating a large number of strips, you may want to choose an adhesive with an extended working time.
Before the glue sets, clamp the laminated strip in the bending form. Let the glue set up for its full clamp time. If you're not sure of the clamp time, wait a full day before you remove the assembly from the bending form. As you release the clamps, there will be a small amount of springback. If the curve is critical (as it was for our glider ribs) make the curves in the bending form slightly tighter to compensate.


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About air quality
This page gives a brief introduction to the information available about air quality.
Pollutants Within Local Air Quality Management
Benzene: The main sources of benzene in North Lincolnshire are exhaust emissions from road traffic, industrial emissions from the two refineries at Killingholme and the Corus and Koppers operations in Scunthorpe. North Lincolnshire Council carried out a in the Killingholme and Scunthorpe areas in 2004. The benzene objective was not breached during that monitoring.
Detailed assessment of benzene [PDF]
1,3 Butadiene: The main industrial sources of 1,3 butadiene in North Lincolnshire are the two refineries at Killingholme. Road traffic is also a contributor. North Lincolnshire Council carried out a detailed assessment for 1,3 butadiene in the Killingholme area in 2006. Results showed that the 1,3 butadiene objective was not being breached.
Detailed assessment of 1,3 Butadiene [PDF]
Carbon Monoxide: The introduction of catalytic converters has reduced carbon monoxide emissions from road traffic. The other source of this pollutant in North Lincolnshire is from local industry, such as the steelworks in Scunthorpe. Monitoring for carbon monoxide was carried out at the Scunthorpe Town (on Rowland Road) site during 2005. The carbon monoxide objective was not breached during the monitoring.
Lead: The introduction of unleaded petrol has reduced lead emissions from road traffic. The most significant source in North Lincolnshire is the steelworks site in Scunthorpe. As a result of the Updating and Screening Assessment in 2006, North Lincolnshire Council carried out a detailed assessment for lead in the Scunthorpe area. Results of lead monitoring carried out during 2006 and 2007 showed that the objective was not being breached.
Detailed assessment of Lead [PDF]
Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2): The main sources of NO2 in North Lincolnshire are road traffic and industrial combustion processes. North Lincolnshire Council currently operates 36 diffusion tubes and five automatic analysers monitoring for NO2. As a result of the Updating and Screening Assessment in 2006, North Lincolnshire Council carried out a detailed assessment for nitrogen dioxide. Monitoring has shown that objectives for nitrogen dioxide have not been breached during the monitoring period.
Detailed assessment of Nitrogen Dioxide [PDF]
PM10: PM10 originates from a variety of sources including industry, road traffic and natural sources such as soil dust and sea salt. North Lincolnshire Council has declared an Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) in the Scunthorpe area for a breach of the daily air quality objective, for a map of the AQMA please see the AQMA section. A draft Action Plan [PDF] has been produced.
Sulphur dioxide: Sulphur dioxide (SO2) is currently monitored automatically at three locations in North Lincolnshire. The primary source of SO2 is from industrial combustion processes. The sulphur dioxide objectives have not been breached in North Lincolnshire since monitoring began in 1997.
Pollutants Outside Local Air Quality Management
Monitoring for Ozone is not currently carried out in North Lincolnshire, as ozone is not studied in detail by Local Authorities. This is because the formation of ozone occurs away from the sources of the pollutants that generate it. Therefore it is considered at a national (and international) level.
Monitoring for Poly-aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) is carried out at one site in Scunthorpe, using two machines for a co-location study. See Defra's UK-AIR website, for results dating back to 1999. The European standard (compliance date end of 2012) has not been breached at the Scunthorpe Town site since 2003. However, the UK strategic target value recommended by the Expert Panel on Air Quality Standards (compliance date end of 2010) has been breached every year since 1999.


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New Capabilities are introduced in the AppFramework as a part of AppStudio 2.0. These capabilities are not provided natively by Qt. Following capabilities are currently in beta
These capabilities are currently in Beta. What does that mean?
What it means is that we are looking forward to your feedback, the use cases, what you like and what you want us to improve upon. It also means that if you choose to implement these plugins in Production App. Future changes may affect your app may require additional changes to support these functionalities in your app.
1. Local Notification - This is a new plugin added to the AppFramework. It provides developers the ability to implement in-app notification to end users such as an alert, message or geotification. When the Local Notification gets triggered on the client device the Notification icon appears in the Notification bar which is same as the application icon. The Notification icon cannot be customized or modified. Users may choose to have one or multiple notifications within the app. Every notification scheduled has a corresponding id available to distinguish between multiple Local Notifications.
Note:- An app running within Player or AppStudio Desktop (AppRun) will show the notification icon of Player or AppRun respectively when triggered.
How to implement Local Notification in an AppStudio App?
- Use the following import statement
import ArcGIS.AppFramework.Notifications.Local 1.0
- Enable the "Local Notification" capability within the AppSettings of the App
- Use the component "LocalNotification" which takes three input parameters to schedule a notification
- Title – The title of the message
- Message – The description of the message
- Time (in seconds)- Time after which the notification will be triggered on the end user device.
- bool supported (read only)- Returns a boolean if the device supports local notification.
Note: This property is supported on Android API 19+ versions.
- object schedule(string title, string message, int timeInSeconds) - returns a Variant object which is id of the scheduled notification
- Title - The title of the message as string value
- Message -The description of the message as string value
- Time (in seconds) -Time after which the notification will appear on the end user device as int
For e.g. 5 seconds means the notification will be triggered in 5 second
var id = notification.schedule(title, message, duration)
- bool clear(object id) -This method will clear the pending notification from the list of scheduled notifications
- object id - The id of the notification to be clear.
- Returns bool - Indicates whether the notification is cleared from the list of scheduled notifications.
bool success = notification.clear(id)
Note: It will return false for invalid inputs and for notifications which have already triggered.
- void clearAll() - This method clears all the pending (yet to be triggered) and active (already triggered) notifications along with badge numbers for iOS apps.
- triggered(object id) - This signal is emitted when the local notification is triggered.
- object id-It takes an id of the scheduled notification.
2. Vibration (Singleton) - New plugin added in AppFramework with AppStudio 2.0 version. This allows developers to enable vibration within an app. It is a non visual feedback or alert. Common use cases to provide vibration are to indicate an event such a message received or finished creating a model making a network request or just an alert etc.
Note: Currently, there is no way to provide number of seconds as an input for it to vibrate. On android device, it will vibrate for 1 second and on iOS it will use the system default.
How to implement Vibration in the AppStudio App?
- Use the following import statement
import ArcGIS.AppFramework.Notifications 1.0
- Enable the Vibration capability within the AppSettings of the App
- Call the Vibration.vibrate()
- bool supported - Returns a boolean value indicating whether your device supports vibration or not.
- void vibrate() - Method call to initiate a vibration on the client device from the app. The device will continue to vibrate for system default vibration settings (in seconds) or until the app is closed.
3. Background Location - New capability has been introduced to AppStudio 2.0 which allows the apps to use location data in background mode. Some of the common use cases using this capability are logging location data using position source, or trigger a notification, geo-fencing etc. This capability is currently available for mobile platforms only as this is already supported on desktop.
How to implement Background Location in the AppStudio App?
- Enable the Background Location capability in AppSettings of the App
You can monitor the state of the application using the following property
4. Promises - Often while creating your apps, you may want to make something happen after something else is done. You may want to want to make an asynchronous request and perform something on completion of the request. Or you may simply want to execute set of operations in a particular sequence. Promises can be used to manage such asynchronous computation, allowing for separate processes to continue in parallel.
Promises are a pattern that helps with one particular kind of asynchronous programming: a function (or method) that returns a single result asynchronously. One popular way of receiving such a result is via a callback. Promises provide a simpler alternative for executing, composing, and managing asynchronous operations when compared to traditional callback-based approaches. The Promise object represents the eventual completion (or failure) of an asynchronous operation, and its resulting value.
A promise can be in one of 3 states:
- Pending - the promise's outcome hasn't yet been determined, because the asynchronous operation that will produce its result hasn't completed yet.
- Fulfilled - the asynchronous operation has completed, and the promise has a value.
- Rejected - the asynchronous operation failed, and the promise will never be fulfilled. In the rejected state, a promise has a reason that indicates why the operation failed.
When a promise is pending, it can transition to the fulfilled or rejected state. Once a promise is fulfilled or rejected, however, it will never transition to any other state, and its value or failure reason will not change.


My general question is when should one use OLS and when binomial regression when the outcome is count data with a fixed upper limit. When the upper limit is large (like 1000) and most values are around 500, residuals can still be almost exactly normally distributed. However, when the number of trials is very low (like 3) normality assumption obviously cannot hold.
Is there a rule of thumb for the minimum number of trials such that OLS can be used (of course normality of residuals still should be checked)? Furthermore, if normality of residuals is approximately normal with OLS, what is the downside of using binomial regression?
In our case, we have a few different data sets where the outcomes are always (integer) scores on different tests. The score indicates how many exercises could a subject solve from the given test. The maximum scores can vary between different tests although they measure the same thing. There are tests with a maximum of 3 points, and tests with a maximum of 30. I guess with 30 points OLS might work, but not with 3. Should we just analyze everything with binomial (of course again, we need to check the assumptions)
Bonus question: If we fit OLS and binomial regression to the dataset with max 30 points, and one of the coefficients is significant for the OLS estimate but not significant for the binomial one, how can we interpret this?
 - $\begingroup$ You need to give us more details! What is the integer scores, that does not sound like counts? Assuming they are binomial counts, why not use logistic regression, which has NO normality assumption? There is little to gain by using OLS, when assumptions are not met... $\endgroup$ – kjetil b halvorsen Jun 4 at 22:00
 - $\begingroup$ That would also be my guess. However, we are reanalyzing articles and they all used OLS for tests where sometimes the maximum score was 5 or 10. The score indicates how many exercises could a subject solve from the given test. $\endgroup$ – zerz Jun 5 at 8:22
 - $\begingroup$ Please add that new nfo as an edit to the post! Post should preferably be self-contained, and not everybody reads comments. $\endgroup$ – kjetil b halvorsen Jun 5 at 23:09
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