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Area of the circle = × area of the shaded square
A circle is the set of all the points in a given plane that are the same distance, called the radius, r, from a given point called the center.
A circle may also be defined algebraically, as the set of solutions to an equation of the form:
where is the center of the circle.
The distance around the circle, or circumference, is given by:
The area inside the circle is calculated using the formula:
A circle is a conic section, the intersection of a plane with a cone such that the plane is perpendicular to the axis of the cone.
Circles can readily be constructed by using a fixed distance between a pencil point and the center. A compass is a tool for doing this easily.
A circle with is called the unit circle, and is used extensively in trigonometry.


10 Great Recent Sci-Fi Movies You May Not Have Seen
6. 2046 (2004)
Following the widely acclaimed films Days of Being Wild and In the Mood for Love, 2046 is the third installment in the unofficial trilogy. Written and directed by masterful auteur Wong Kar Wai, it follows Chow Mo-Wan after his affair with Su Li-Zhen as he repeatedly attempts to recreate the past.
The exterior narrative, which details Chow's many failed romances as he fails to recapture the feelings he once had, is rooted in reality. The interior narrative, which takes place within the novel Chow is writing, tells the story of a place called 2046 where one can relive their lost memories. However, in the end, both Chow and his fictional character realize that time goes on and it is impossible to return to the way things were.
2046 is one of the best examples of science fiction as a vehicle for studying the human condition. Instead of linear storytelling and clear-cut concepts, it leaves the audience to formulate their own philosophies on the various themes explored throughout.
Though similar to the previous two films in its sentimental and nostalgic atmosphere, Wong Kar Wai adds elements of science fiction to emphasize the themes of time and loss. The juxtaposition of the fictional narrative with Chow's reality further shows the impact of the genre — it serves as a form of escapism that reveals our deepest fears and desires. Through its stunning cinematography, masterful acting, and beautiful score, 2046 is an incredibly well-made finale to an influential and brilliant trilogy.
7. Coherence (2013)
In another twist on the genre, Coherence is a film that combines science fiction with elements of thriller. A group of eight friends reunite at a dinner party on the night that a comet passes. Slowly, they begin to realize the event has dire consequences as they encounter a series of eerie sights and obstacles — all starting with a house down the street that appears to be an exact copy of their own.
As the film progresses, they confront and must fight off versions of themselves from alternate realities. Further incited by the emotional turmoil present before the comet, the characters must confront their deepest fears and secrets before their lives inevitably derail and devolve to complete chaos.
Though Coherence features an ample amount of established scientific theories, it is more reliant on its actors and script than background material. The principal aspect of the storyline may be the concept of Schrodinger's cat and the multiple universes that result from every action, but director James Ward Byrkit aimed to make a movie that was character-based.
This is evident throughout the film as the conflict is more a result of the characters' actions than the astronomical occurrence itself — it explores the inherent darkness in all of us along with how far we would go to change our lives. The camerawork, cinematography, and acting create an almost interactive atmosphere and immerse the audience entirely in the film. At its core, Coherence is a reflection on human nature and its capacity to completely transform in dire circumstances.
8. Hard to Be A God (2013)
Hard to Be A God
Based on the novel of the same name by Arkady and Boris Strugatsky, Hard to Be A God is Russian director Aleksei German's sixth and final film. It had been in production for about 12 years and was released posthumously by his son and wife. In addition, the Strugatskys had also written Roadside Picnic, which was the source material for Andrei Tarkovsky's Stalker, and their philosophical and metaphysical ideas are seen throughout German's film as well.
Just like Stalker, Hard to Be A God utilizes a physical journey and science fiction approach to reveal abstract concepts. Along the way, the audience also discover and confront the uncomfortable chaos that governs our universe.
In Hard to Be A God, a group of scientists travel to the planet Arkanar, which is physically identical to Earth but is developmentally centuries behind. In fact, they are experiencing their medieval period of history due to violent suppression of renaissance ideas and the Earthlings must set them on the right path. The story concentrates on Don Rumata, the scientist who is tasked with overseeing the inhabitant's activities while being forbidden to interfere himself.
Despite his mission, he slowly becomes entangled in their lives as he finds himself unable to go on watching their misery and suffering. Contrary to its nightmarish vision and crude imagery, Hard to Be A God helps us realize and appreciate the beauty of our existence on Earth. However, it conveys a crucial message — no matter how progressive technology and science is, we should never place ourselves in the role of God.
9. A Scanner Darkly (2006)
Directed by Richard Linklater and starring Keanu Reeves, Woody Harrelson, Robert Downey Jr, and Winona Ryder, A Scanner Darkly presents a dystopian United States that has lost the War on Drugs.
To combat the widespread epidemic caused by a new drug named Substance D, the government has created a highly invasive surveillance system to observe the citizens. When undercover agent Bob Arctor is assigned to infiltrate the drug market, he, along with the audience, discover a chain of corruption that could jeopardize the fates of all parties involved.
A Scanner Darkly is based on the book of the same name by acclaimed science fiction writer Philip K Dick. Though it is a fictional narrative, the events were based on Dick's own experiences with drug addiction during the 70s — in an interview, he said that "Everything in A Scanner Darkly I actually saw".
The film is an accurate representation of this account. It was first shot digitally and then animated with interpolated rotoscope, a technique in which animators trace over each frame of the original footage.
The style, along with the passionate acting and well crafted dialogue, produces a surreal and dreamlike atmosphere that immerses the audience in the conflicts at hand. A Scanner Darkly helps the audience not only understand the plight of those addicted to substances, but also fully grasp how nuanced and complex the drug epidemic is.
10. The Whispering Star (2015)
The Whispering Star (Sion Sono)
Among the films mentioned in this list, Japanese director Sion Sono's The Whispering Star is definitely the most overlooked and underappreciated. Better known for his recent highly acclaimed Antiporno, Sono has been called "the most subversive filmmaker working in Japanese cinema today" for his audacious and daring style.
However, where Antiporno is provocative and exhilarating with each twist, The Whispering Star is a tranquil and pastoral journey through nature and life. Actress Megumi Kagurazaka plays a delivery robot named Yoko Suzuki who travels through space to deliver parcels to the few humans still left. The majority of the planets are in ruins and machines govern the galaxy — without any backstory, the film conveys the depressing but inevitable fate of humanity.
Through the beautiful black and white cinematography and minimalist sound design, each sequence of The Whispering Star is elaborate and striking. There are many notable choices that reveal Sono's purpose. For example, the scenes of destroyed planets were filmed in Fukushima and the individuals Yoko encounters are actual residents of the city.
However, despite these inclusions, the messages are subtle and subdued — the purpose of The Whispering Star is not necessarily to comment on the state of our technology usage and dependence, it is to show the universality of empathy and human connection. As Yoko traverses what is left of the galaxy, she finds herself understanding the people she meets more and more. The Whispering Star is definitely an experience that fans of cinema should not miss.


text:
GROMACS is a free versatile package to perform molecular dynamics simulations (i.e. simulate the Newtonian equations of motion for molecular systems).
One version of GROMACS (4.6.7) is installed and primarily used by the Maibaum group in the Chemistry Department. This particular installation features the PLUMED-2.1.3 plug-in for metadynamics analysis. Both packages were built with impi support which enables parallelized simulation with or without PLUMED.
To properly use this installation of GROMACS, the user will have to load proper module files to set up the environment, which includes the GROMACS module itself:
module load contrib/gromacs_4.6.7-plumed_2.1.3-impi
as well as the proper mpi icc module with which the packages were built:
module load icc_15.0.3-impi_5.0.3
You should include both of those lines in your submission scripts.
mpiexec.hydra -bootstrap rsh -rmk pbs mdrun -s input.tpr -deffnm output
The commands before
mdrun are used to submit the job to the cluster and those after are GROMACS specific. This example uses the
mdrun command, but it could be something else depending on what the user is trying to do. The
grompp command was used to integrate all information into a binary file prior to the simulation. You can also use
g_msd, and other
g_XXX scripts to analyze the simulation afterward.
For this example, the
-deffnm are the flags specifying the input/output files for the
mdrun command. A different command would have different flags available. One can always find out what a particular command does and what kind of flags to run it with by loading the module and then entering
 -h in the command line.
Note: The multi-processor support is built with default command names, so no "_mpi" affix is needed when calling a GROMACS function with this installation. For example, use
mdrun instead of

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
What Will Happen If You Dispose The Meat And The Meat Products From Your Diet?
In one research conducted by the University of New Your, USA participated over 50 test subjects in experiment to determine what happens to the human body after you discard meat and meat products of your daily diet. The results show positive and negative effects and to nearly all the subjects and these were the five most characteristic changes in the body.
- You will lose weight – The participants in the study who throw out meat from their diet were able to lose weight to 5kg without changing their habits and routines and counting their calories.
- Changes in the intestinal mircoflora – The vegetarians have several types of intestinal bacteria that are fighting the infections and inflammations but there is big difference between their microflora and the microflora of the carnivores.
- You can reduce the risk of cancer – Last year the World Health Organization announced that the bacon and the sausages contain almost the same number of harmful substances as the one found in the cigarettes. According to researches that does not mean that with the consumption of these products the risk of cancer is increased. However the red meat should not be consumed in large amounts because it could cause serious health problems in the intestines and abdomen.
- Reduce the level of heart disease – The excessive intake of fat causes different heart diseases. In this scientific researches is isolated the carnitine, substance found in the red meat who is encouraging the reactions in the body who stimulate the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases.
- Several important nutrients could be lost – with the disposal of meat from your diet you will decrease the iron, vitamin D, vitamin B12 and also many proteins. But all of the daily needs from these substances can be replaced with an appropriate alternative like the nuts, legumes, eggs, spinach combined with lemon and etc.


text:
The Shukhov radio tower (Russian: Шуховская башня), also known as the Shabolovka tower, is a broadcasting tower in Moscow designed by Vladimir Shukhov. The 160-metre-high free-standing steel diagrid structure was built in the period 1920–1922, during the Russian Civil War. It is a hyperboloid structure (hyperbolic steel gridshell).
Due to its diagrid structure, the steel shell of the Shukhov Tower experiences minimum wind load (the main hazard for high-rising buildings). The tower sections are single-cavity hyperboloids of rotation made of straight beams, the ends of which rest against circular foundations.
The tower is located a few kilometres south of the Moscow Kremlin, but is not accessible to tourists. The street address of the tower is "Shabolovskaya Street, 37", hence the tower's informal name "Shabolovka, 37".
See also
- Vladimir Shukhov
- Hyperboloid structure
- List of Hyperboloid structures
- Shukhov tower on the Oka River
- Constructivist architecture
- List of towers
- Lord Foster fires up campaign to save Shukhov Tower: _URL_
- P.Gössel, G.Leuthäuser, E.Schickler; "Architecture in the 20th century"; Taschen Verlag; 1990; ISBN 3-8228-4123-4.
- Elizabeth C. English, "Arkhitektura i mnimosti": The origins of Soviet avant-garde rationalist architecture in the Russian mystical-philosophical and mathematical intellectual tradition", a dissertation in architecture, 264 p., University of Pennsylvania, 2000.
- "Vladimir G. Suchov _PHONE_. Die Kunst der sparsamen Konstruktion.", Rainer Graefe und andere, 192 S., Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart, 1990, ISBN 3-421-02984-9.
- Jesberg, Paulgerd Die Geschichte der Bauingenieurkunst, Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart (Germany), ISBN 3-421-03078-2, 1996; pp. 198–9.
- Ricken, Herbert Der Bauingenieur, Verlag für Bauwesen, Berlin (Germany), ISBN 3-345-00266-3, 1994; pp. 230.
- Picon, Antoine (dir.), "L'art de l'ingenieur : constructeur, entrepreneur, inventeur", Éditions du Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris, 1997, ISBN 2-85850-911-5
- Fausto Giovannardi "Vladimir Shukhov e la leggerezza dell'acciaio" at _URL_
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Shukhov tower|
- Shukhov Tower in Moscow - video
- The Shukhov's Radio Tower
- International campaign to save the Shukhov Tower in Moscow
- Shukhov Towers in Google Maps
- Shuhovskaya Tower at Structurae
- 3D model of the Shukhov Tower
- Views of the hyperboloid tower
- Invention of Hyperboloid Structures
- Shukhov Tower Foundation

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


This Twilio quick start is a simple, comprehensive guide intended to help developers get started with VoiceBase's Speech APIs.
Once a Twilio app is up and running, thousands of connections are being made daily, and the library of recordings is growing fast. Now it's time to put that data to use. Gaining access to what is spoken inside these recordings is absolutely critical for agent monitoring, compliance, keyword spotting, trend detection and much more. VoiceBase provides tools to enable developers to identify and distinguish between hot leads, non-prospects, complaints, etc.


'Old-Person Smell' Really Exists, Scientists Say
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(VIDEO: A Faster Stride Predicts a Longer Life)
(MORE: Study: Sleep Gets Better With Age)
Speak for yourselves, you young, rude, snappers. Don't worry so much about those who are older now: worry about yourself when you get old. Jacka***es.
The bacteria are winning, the old people can't fight them off as well, so they smell like more bacteria poo than young people. Duh.
The smell I wanna know about is more of the smell our homes like our bedrooms. That old lady or old man smell is in the bedding, carpets, or drapes. I DO know this is real. How to wash beds or couches?
this author needs to learn some mannerce...most female journalists are men bashers and use harsh words when they write about men...but male journalists r not like that...
Not at all. A protein that is secreted in some people over 50 or 55 is the cause. I wonder if the author of this study knows that Japanese scientists are doing the same research?
In the April 2001 issue of the Journal of Investigative Dermatology, Shinichiro Haze, et al. published an article entitled: "2-Nonenal, Newly Found in Human Body Odor Tends to Increase with Aging".[4]
In this article they reported on their work which involved the analysis of body odor components collected via headspace gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, from shirts worn for three days by subjects between the ages of 26 and 75. They found that the concentration of many components of body odor were unaffected by age. They found that the concentration of 2-nonenal tended to increase with the age of the subjects, and determined that that 2-nonenal is generated by the oxidative degradation of omega-7 unsaturated fatty acids, such as palmitoleic acid and vaccenic acid, found on the skin surface."
what a load of bull hockey! the simple reason old people smell is because they leak... from almost every orifice. muscles cannot hold everything in anymore.
wonder how much money was wasted on this study.
_USER_ _USER_ Not idiotic. Actually very sensible. HOWEVER, the body odor studies seem to make a lot of sense, too, as there are many other odors, gases and chemicals secreted from the skin's surfaces as well which also contribute to these smells.
Of course, when you get older, it's also courteous to society to shower four or five times a day whenever you plan to go out...and to change your underwear. We need to teach older people this with billboards, bullhorns, on the tee-vee, on the RA-DI-O, broadcasting it in public places and shouting it from the rooftops, since there are so many who still DON'T GET IT. These tend to be the ones who stink the most, these ones who don't just << look >> old but who << act >> old as well, curmudgeonly seeming as if they were born well before the twentieth century materialized and had even had the chance to bear its historically humbled head (though, of course, that's -almostan impossibility at this point).
So while we continue to cautiously concede combinations of chemical catalysts as causes for that crappy and cringe-worthy "old body stink," in the meantime we at least can pinpoint those particular persons perversely practicing putrid policy and police such people in public places.
Thank you.
_USER_ - I hope your mother was spayed shortly after giving birth to you.


text:
What is the difference when calling people a 'toad' or a 'frog'?
In the last few days, I watched something. I heard some expressions. They were about people, but they were given "frog" and "toad" names.
What I mean is that most of the ones in their vicinity said they were either toads or frogs. I do know the difference, but I don't understand why they picked alike animals.
What's the difference when naming someone a toad or a frog?
And what does it mean aside from the literal approach?


Take the 2-minute tour ×
How big should a slice be for a DVD, assuming that the file system restricts the size?
should slices be 1GB or so? What's an efficient slice size?
share|improve this question
add comment
1 Answer
up vote 1 down vote accepted
According to the Wikipedia article,
It is, however, possible to circumvent this limitation by using the multi-extent (fragmentation) feature of ISO 9660 Level 3 and create ISO 9660 filesystems and single files up to 8 TB. With this, files larger than 4 GB can be split up into multiple extents (sequential series of sectors), each not exceeding the 4 GB limit. For example, the free software such as InfraRecorder and mkisofs as well as Roxio Toast are able to create ISO 9660 filesystems that use multi-extent files to store files larger than 4 GB on appropriate media such as recordable DVDs.
So a slice can be as large as a DVD (about 4.3 GB binary for a single-layer disc).
Limited file size
If, for whatever reason, you need to limit the file size to no more than max_file_size and the disk holds disk_size, make your slice size the largest disk_size / s less than max_file_size, where s is an integer. That way, you can fit s slices on the disk exactly (ignoring round-off error), wasting no space. For disk_size ≈ 4.3 GB and max_file_size = 1 GB, you could then make each slice 880 MB, fitting 5 slices per disc.
share|improve this answer
pardon, I meant to state assuming that the file system prevents large files, what's the optimum slice size? – Thufir Sep 16 '12 at 0:22
_USER_: Okay. Edited. – Mechanical snail Sep 16 '12 at 0:41
I haven't tried that, so I've accepted the answer assuming your arithmetic is correct :) – Thufir Sep 19 '12 at 20:33
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Generation of VSB MCQ's
Analog Communication Electronics & Communication Engineering
This set of Analog Communication Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on "Generation of VSB".
1. What is the approximated range of audio frequencies?
a) 20Hz to 20KHz
b) 20Hz to 200KHz
c) 10Hz to 10KHz
d) 20Hz to 20MHz
2. What is duty cycle?
a) ratio of time on to time off
b) ratio of time off to time on
c) 12 × (ratio of time on to time off)
d) 12 × (ratio of time off to time on)
3. Which of the following oscillator is not found in FM?
a) Hartley Oscillator
b) Crystal Oscillator
c) Armstrong Oscillator
d) Dynatron Oscillator
4. Which of the following is used for demodulation of PAM signal?
a) a band reject filter
b) a band pass filter
c) a low pass filter
d) a high pass filter
5. For demodulation of PCM, it is first converted into ________
a) PAM
b) PWM
c) PPM
d) FM
6. Which of the following modulation is used for radio navigation?
a) Pulse Modulation
b) Amplitude Modulation
c) Phase Modulation
d) Frequency Modulation
7. Which of the following is not a part of analogue communication?
a) PPM
b) AM
c) PCM
d) PWM
8. Inherently most noise resistant modulating system is _________
a) PCM
b) DSB
c) SSB
d) VSB
9. Frequency modulated broadcast band generally lies in ________
a) VHF
b) HF
c) SHF
d) LF
Leave a Reply


From: c stirling bartholomew (_EMAIL_)
Date: Sun Jun 24 2001 - 13:48:11 EDT
on 6/24/01 12:16 AM, Iver Larsen wrote:
>>Mark Beatty wrote:
>> order is not answered by syntax but by semantics.
> I have no quarrel with this theory.
Yes but Mark Beatty's response to Cindy W. seemed to imply that marked and
unmarked constituent order is a language universal. I have read some of the
things on language universals (Bernard Comrie, etc) but I reject the notion
that constituent order patterns are universal across languages and dialects
and I don't think Comrie and others who have written on this topic were
really trying to gloss over language specific distinctions in constituent
order patterns.
The issue under discussion was constituent order in Hebrews. Mark Beatty
implied that one need not distinguish between LXX quotes in Hebrews and
non-quotes when discussing constituent order patterns. His reason for this
was some sort of claim relating to language universals. Not having the total
framework he is working in clearly defined, I cannot evaluate his claim, but
I think his application of his theory to the question about the LXX quotes
in Hebrews is problematic.
Looking again at Hebrews:
What constitutes a valid data sample from the book of Hebrews? If you are
going to talk about the constituent order in the language used by the AUTHOR
of Hebrews you need to set aside the LXX quotes if they are verbatim from
the LXX. Verbatim quotes from the LXX are not the language of the AUTHOR of
Hebrews. (What is verbatim is a tricky problem due to text critical issues
but lets assume that we can distinguish between a direct quote and an
So when we have a verbatim quote of the LXX in Hebrews we need to set that
data aside for independent analysis. Furthermore, when the verbatim quote
from the LXX slavishly follows the constituent order in the Hebrew text, it
does not represent a valid source of of data for discussions of NT Greek
constituent order. The word order of the verbatim LXX quotes in Hebrews may
be acceptable by Hellenistic Greek standards, but the word order isn't a
reflection of anything Greek, Hellenistic or otherwise, when it follows the
order of the Hebrew text.
Mark my well respond that I have just "missed the point" of his argument but
I think not. I am simply rejecting his presuppositions at several levels. I
think that any theory that does not distinguish between Hellenistic Greek
constituent order patterns and OT Hebrew patterns isn't a theory that has
much utilitarian value.
I hope I have caught the general drift of Cindy's remarks and if so I agree
with her as always :-))))
Clayton Stirling Bartholomew
Three Tree Point
P.O. Box 255 Seahurst WA 98062


text:
.
However, most of us will know whether or not the creek we are damming stays within its banks during the year. If it does, then a safe rule to apply would be to make the area of the spillway equal to the cross-section area of the creek at the dam when it is brimful or just ready to flood. The formula is illustrated in Fig. 6.
If the stream does flood, then either construct a dam that in an emergency can allow water to top its full length or build some sort of floodgate into the dam so it can be opened when necessary. One form such a floodgate could take is a group of drain tiles through the dam, as shown in Fig. 1.
The height of the dam you build will be determined by the area of the land to be covered by the impounded water. In general, the higher the dam, the greater the area covered by water above it.
All vegetation, brush, floatage, and the like in the area to be flooded and for about 15' around it should be burned out or otherwise cleared before the dam is built. This keeps down the breeding of mosquitoes and helps retard pollution. It is required in the regulations of some States and is a wise precaution even when not covered by law. In addition, all trees in the area to be flooded should be cut reasonably close to the ground.


text:
If today's law students are going to become effective users of technology tools, law schools need to prepare them for more than just tomorrow's legal practice. At Georgetown, we have come to the realization that we need to prepare students for legal practice 10 years from now. This article provides a look at ways several law schools help students develop technology skills and prepare for future law practice, incorporating examples and lessons learned from teaching the course "Technology, Innovation and Law Practice." It presents concrete ideas for law students to understand and appreciate the potential of technology to transform legal practice.
AALL/ILTA Ditigal White Paper, Oct. 2012, at 74-78 (reprinted in Peer to Peer, Dec. 2012, at 24-28)
Scholarly Commons Citation
Skalbeck, Roger, "Tech Innovation in the Academy" (2012). Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works. Paper 1163.


macroscopic similarities.
Let me finally get to the sleeping beauty.
Joe Polchinski is a thirder and this simple error in the probability calculus has been explained to be the source of some of his wrong opinions about the need to have "typical stringy vacua" etc. But how can the thirder's fallacy explain the firewalls?
Now I think that these two errors share the same basic idea which is an incorrect, retroactive, acausal change of the rules of the game while we compute the probability. What do I mean?
If we use the notion of probability correctly, probabilities tell us how our knowledge about something is probably going to change once it changes. I know that I used the word "probably" so the "definition" is circular and it is not a real definition. But what I want to say is that the notion of probability assumes a "fixed situation" before we learn the new piece of information, and many things may happen after we learn the new piece of information, but these later events don't and they can't affect the probability that existed right before we learned the right answer.
According to Joe and other thirders, probabilities should behave differently. If something happens after the moment when we're supposed to learn the right answer, it should still retroactively modify the denominator that may define the probability in a frequentist way, among other things. Just because the sleeping beauty is woken up multiply times on the "heads" week implies that the probability of "heads" had to go up. Joe and other thirders actually believe that the probability of tails was already \(P=1/3\) on Sunday because the algorithm for the awakenings had already been decided.
But whether the sleeping beauty is going to be woken up twice is a consequence of the result of the coin toss, so it just can't affect the probabilities of the different outcomes of the coin toss. So the beauty knows that \(P_{\rm tails}=1/2\) on Sunday night and because she doesn't learn anything that would change the odds of "heads vs tails" when she wakes up (both possibilities guarantee with 100% certainty that she wakes up at least once which is the only "evidence" she gets), the probabilities have to remain \(P_{\rm tails}=1/2\).
Joe's mistake in the case of the state dependence is analogous for the following reason. In the correct quantum mechanics, we must decide what the states in the Hilbert space – and operators – corresponding to different results of the measurements are, and we must keep this fixed. This choice is much less ambiguous in practice because we really evolve the fields according to the usual Heisenberg field equations.
But according to Joe, we are not obliged to deal with a fixed spectrum of possible outcomes of the experiment. The experiment may create them (and perhaps erase them) later. That's why Joe insists on changing the reference state "accurately" whenever some operator acts on anything. (This isn't really a well-defined rule because in a generic equation with many operators, there are many states, depending on which actions of the operators are included etc.) He thinks that this gives him as accurate answers as possible.
Instead, what it does is that it invalidates and erases any previous well-defined rules of the game – with known options (possible outcomes) whose probabilities used to be predictable. If he allows the evolution of the state vector to change what the question is, then there is no pre-existing question, and quantum mechanics cannot predict any probabilities! If he imagines that the post-measurement state \(\psi\) is the only state one could have gotten, and everything should suddenly adapt to this new state, even the state of the black hole before the measurement, then there was no uncertainty before the measurement and the measurement could have brought the observer no information. This wouldn't make any sense, of course. It is absolutely crucial that we are not changing the rules of the game – we are not changing the reference state – at the very moment of the measurement.
In some future, I plan to write a more technical post on the state dependence, the superselection sectors, and things like the holomorphic anomaly in topological string theory because there are many direct analogies (or equivalences, in the sense of one's being a special case of another) between the concepts.
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reader mmanu_F said...
(not so) off topic : maldacena's conjecture article has reached 10.000 citations today!
reader Luboš Motl said...
A cool milestone - I hope that Milner or someone will also send him a T-shirt or hoodie like Stack Exchange is sending me for crossing 100,000. ;-)
reader Michael said...
Wow, the silence here is deafening. Apparently nobody competent enough to recognize your arguments for what they are -- obviously correct -- dares to speak out and mess with the Big Polchinski. Politics trumps science in academia, I guess.
reader Luboš Motl said...
Thanks, Michael, but you exaggerate. The silence on the blog is because the blog readers are either non-experts or shy workers who are working on their research. I think that those that know (including Kyriakos and Suvrat) aren't really too afraid to disagree with Joe even though such fear does exist, too.
reader mmanu_F said...
it seems to me that milner already gave him something like that a couple of years ago, some kind of coupon if i remember well.
reader Luboš Motl said...
No, I know, but maybe it wasn't enough for Juan to buy an AdS/CFT-10,000 T-shirt. ;-)
reader Dilaton said...
Oh my God, even though I had not yet time to read all of the sleeping-beuty articles in detail, agree that it seems that Joe P. has same bad misunderstandings abou basic probability theory (being a thirder).
Also from teading about different methods to qualtise ST for example, it always seemed to me that as soon as one has defined everything, results of measurements can just be calculated and there is no need to continuously change the starting point of quantization.
reader lojyk said...
Remember that anyone who might disagree with Lubos, like DN, has been banned, so only his sycophants remain.
reader lojyk said...
Remember, anyone who disagrees with Lubos, or actually understands probability, like DN, is banned from the forum. So only Lubos's sycophants remain. So this comment has no chance of being accepted.
reader lojyk said...
Actually, Lubos, not everyone behaves like you, insulting those who disagree with them, and banning them. There is ample discussion of state-dependence in the scientific community.
reader Ramanujan said...
Suppose that we change the SB puzzle, but only in the protocol for Tuesday after tails (T/t). The new protocol is that she is awakened, and, after a pause of a minute, is put back to sleep (but only on T/t). Again, she knows the full protocol in advance. In the first minute after awakening, she assigns equal probabilities for M/h, T/h, M/t, T/t. After a minute, if she is still awake, she excludes T/t and is left with equal probabilities for M/h, M/t, T/h. So in this case the 1/3 is correct. Do you agree with this result for the modified problem? If so, how can the changed protocol for T/t affect her relative weightings of the other three cases? What if she's only awake for a second?
reader Luboš Motl said...
Of course that I disagree with the result 1/3 here. After the "demo minute" or "demo second", her knowledge is exactly the same as in the original problem, so your problem becomes the original problem! And it's a way to formulate the right solution "by parts" which may be even clearer than all the solutions so far.
Before she may be put to sleep, there are 2 possible coin states, heads and tails, and 2 possible days, Monday and Tuesday. By two Z2 symmetries, the probability of each of the 4 possibilities is 1/4. Would you really disagree with that?
Now, after the second or minute for the short awakening, the situation changes because she's getting a new information in general.
How much information she is getting by staying up depends on the coin state. If the coin shows "heads", she is getting no information because in the "heads" case, staying up is predicted for both days.
If one assumes that the coin is showing "tails", then she is definitely getting information by staying up. Before the momentum of "possible putting back to sleep", the probabilities of Monday-tails and Tuesday-tails were 25% each. That means that the conditional probabilities of Monday and Tuesday, assuming tails, were both 50%.
After the moment when she can be put back to sleep, the probabilities change. The "fluid" of the "Tuesday tails" just flows to "Monday tails" because Tuesday tails is getting riuled out. So the conditional probabilities of Monday and Tuesday, assuming tails, become 100% and 0%. They still share the same initial probability reserved for "tails" so this 100-0 translates to 50% - 0% in absolute probabilities.
The probabilities of heads-Monday and heads-Tuesday stay at 25% because if one/she assumes heads, one/she is learning nothing about the day of the week!
The result, after the minute/second expires, is of course the same 50-25


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Bible Crafts and Games About Anger
"In Your Anger Do Not Sin" Bible Crafts and Games
"Be ye angry, and sin not:" let not the sun go down upon your wrath:" Eph. 4:26, KJV
In this lesson children learn that anger is an emotion that everyone experiences. It is not a sin to be angry, but it is a sin to use your anger to hurt others, yourself, or to destroy things. They learn from Jesus' example how to handle anger in a constructive way. The teacher presents seven mad monsters and gives examples of things children can do to take control before the mad monsters do.
Mad Monsters Bible Verse Coloring Sheet
1. Before class print out the coloring sheets and make copies.
(The patterns for this craft are available to members on The Resource Room in both KJV and NIV.)
2. In class give your children the coloring sheets and crayons or colored pencils. As they work ask them why they think the the mad monsters are mad. Ask your students if they ever get mad and why they might get mad.
If you don't have a lot of students, you can use the black and white Mad Monster Posters below. Have your children color them and them use them during the lesson.
1. Before class print out the pattern onto card stock (Heavy Paper). (The patterns for this craft are available to members on The Resource Room in both KJV and NIV.)
2. Cut pointers from another piece of card stock and punch holes at the ends.
3. In class have your children color the Mad-O-Meters.
4. Punch a hole in the center of the Mad-O-Meters and attach the pointers with brass brads.
5. Instruct your children to take the Mad-O-Meters home and use them when they get angry to help them remember not to sin when they are angry. Tell them to try to find solutions to their problems before the meter reaches Mega Mad.
I wanted to let you know that I did the Anger lesson with the Hills Brothers' containers and the kids loved the it. Some made 2 & 3 monsters. I planted grass in them 2 weeks ahead a time so they had a full head of hair. I meant to take pictures but it got so hectic at the end of class I forgot to do it. Again thank you for the great lesson and craft. Vicki
Growing Mad Monster Craft
Children use this Growing Mad Monster to help them control their anger before it controls them.
What you will need:
Plaster Container or Can - The container pictured is a red Hills Brother's Cappuccino container.
Red Paint (Optional) and Red Paper
Large Wiggle Eyes
Liquid Chalk Markers or Permanent Markers
Glue and/or Tape
Fast Growing Seeds Such as Beans, Sprouting Seeds, Clover, Grass, etc.
How to Make:
1. Before class print out the arm patterns (Available to members) onto red paper or card stock and cut them out. If you are using a can or other container, you can tape red paper onto the can or spray paint them red before class. Or just leave them their original color. Use paper that matches the container color for the arms.
2. Print out the back labels and cut them apart. (Available to members) The labels read, "If you feel like your mad monster is beginning to control you, take charge before it does. Use this Growing Mad Monster to redirect your anger by styling its hair. Once you have calmed down talk about why you were angry and try to resolve the conflict in a calm manner. ©2015 - _URL_ (Please include the copyright if you use these craft labels.)
3. In class have your children draw a mad face on the container using the chalk markers or permanent markers, glue on wiggle eyes, and tape the arms to the sides of the container.
4. When they are done have them fill the container with dirt and add seeds or a plant.
What Does an Angry Person Look Like?
Have your children pose as an angry person. A child may pretend to be: shouting, pointing his finger,clinching his teeth, making his hands into fists, stomping his feet, tensing up, yelling, crying, kicking something, hitting something, rolling on the floor, frowning or punching.)
Mad Monster Game
Use his printable board game to help your children talk about their anger and learn how to deal with it in a positive way.
Children learn to control their'mad monsters' with this simple game. When a child lands on a monster he gives an example of why he got angry when that type of'mad monster' was controlling him. For example, if a child lands on the "Gimme Jimmy" Monster, he might say, "I got mad when my mom wouldn't buy me the toy I wanted. I yelled and whined until my mom threatened not to take me to the store any more." The child should then say how he could have handled his anger better.
There are seven monsters: "It's Not Fair" Fergus, Hungry Hank, "I Don't Wanna" Walter, Owie Howie, Frustrated Fred, Gimme Jimmy, and Jealous Jill.
The game board measures 14" x 10" and uses two sheets of card stock. It comes with directions, printable monster cards, and suggestions about how children can deal with their anger in positive ways.
This game is available to members on The Resource Room or as an Instant Download.
Eph. 4:26 Bible Verse Review Activity Sheet
Children try to guess the letters that spell out the Bible verse before the sun goes down. Each time they guess a letter and it is wrong the sun strip is moved down one space. If the sun goes down before they guess the words to the verse, they lose.
I taught this lesson "In Your Anger, Do Not Sin". A few weeks ago. It was right after the ruling on gay marriage and the SC shooting and doing away with the rebel flag. I had it planned way before all this happened and it was just a blessing from God to teach that day. The kids loved and it helped them to understand some things. I teach both 4 & 5 year old children for Sunday School and 1st-2nd grade for Children's church. It went over so good. One of the other teachers borrowed it to teach his class of 3rd-6th grade. It gave them some understanding about how to deal with what was going on around them. They loved playing the game as well and we did the funny monster planter too! I used Herb seeds so that it would be something useful in the home. Most kids don't get to keep there crafts if they aren't useful. Thank you for all the wonderful lessons! I love them!


Waste management - banner Urban Solutions Technology Southeast Asia South Asia
Sector Deep Dive #2: Waste Management
Infrastructure Asia organised a deep dive session on the waste management sector to gather views from eight industry players on the opportunities and commercial structures for waste management solutions in Southeast Asia and ways to apply these commercial structures to develop and initiate more bankable waste management projects in Southeast Asia.
There are signs of significant demand across Southeast Asia for newer waste management solutions, particularly for projects at a smaller scale
Many local municipalities across Southeast Asia are currently collecting and disposing waste at landfills, but there is increasing government and public awareness that this is not sustainable in the longer term and there are better alternatives in newer waste management solutions which are non-pollutive. Historically, this has happened in Europe, and in the last decades in China, and is now uptrending in Southeast Asia.
Jackson Goh, Executive Director, Keppel Seghers, shared that there are several trends that are driving the large potential for newer waste management solutions across Southeast Asia over the next decade. Urbanisation and population growth are expanding the demand and value for land around cities, which makes it commercially untenable to use a large tract of land as a landfill near the city. Longer distance to the outlying landfills also makes it logistically untenable to transport the waste to different sites for landfilling and treatment. Such a situation plus higher waste density makes it more viable to deploy newer waste management solutions so that plants can be closer to the waste source.
Among the Southeast Asian countries, there is also significant potential for smaller scale waste management projects such as plants with a capacity of around 300 tonnes per day. Several municipalities have difficulties aggregating the waste generated in their respective locations, thus a smaller scale project may reduce waste supply risk.
Lim Wen Bin, Director, KPMG, added that countries in Southeast Asia such as Vietnam, Indonesia and Malaysia have shown the intention to adopt waste management solutions, and have increasingly seen development of smaller scale projects with a capital expenditure of sub USD100mn. Some of the viable smaller scale projects are seeking to produce refuse derived fuel ("RDF") which can be consumed by cement plants or co-firing by coal power plants under long-term offtake contracts.
Enabling regulations are a key catalyst for newer waste management solutions
Governments play a significant role. Jackson noted that, for example, the landfill diversion directive from the European Union government drove a series of transformation in the region's waste management sector.
Kunal Shah, Managing Director, Anaergia, also shared that some governments across the region now require solutions in their countries that address both legacy and fresh waste such as hybrid plants that can treat fresh waste and waste recovered following landfill mining.
The demand for specific waste management solutions is dependent on local government regulations such as landfill diversion and on the waste characteristics which can drive the demand for anaerobic digestion, while anti-coal regulations can drive the demand for RDF. Kunal pointed that Asian waste has a higher amount of organic and moisture content, demanding tailor made solutions. Regulations prohibiting a single centralised waste facility can also drive the demand for multiple waste sorting and management facilities. Lastly, regulations providing renewable natural gas credits can drive the demand for biogas production at waste management plants.
Allard M. Nooy, CEO, InfraCo Asia, pointed out incorporating the 'polluter pays'1 principle into enabling legislation for Waste-to-Energy ("WtE") projects gives sponsors and lenders a level of comfort as legislation impacts the underlying economics of the project. To help raise awareness by governments on 'polluter pays' principle, capacity-building by development financial institutions ("DFIs") can play a part.
Waste management - sorting
There are several types of commercial structures for waste management projects
Wen Bin highlighted that the preferred commercial structure by lenders and the private sector for waste management projects is the availability payment model, as it provides a clean and clear route for loan and investment recovery. However, for countries that are not able to bear the cost burden, the contractual structures for waste management projects may need to, for example, consider the various available revenue streams to support the project.
Some of the waste management projects can generate additional revenue streams by producing RDF to be sold to industry off-takers, which can be used to produce electricity and cement. Other commercial structures can involve viewing waste developments in the context of real estate development. For instance, the mining of a landfill at a prime location could yield further economic benefit with the rights to develop the underlying land.
Jackson agreed and pointed out that the waste management sector can be considered in the context of real estate development as the underlying land can be viewed as an appreciating asset. As waste management plants get located closer to the city, architectural and aesthetical treatment of the waste plant also becomes equally, if not more important than, the waste treatment process.
Kunal pointed out that a commercial structure promoting various revenue sources can be beneficial for driving the demand for different waste management solutions. The treatment of hazardous waste can receive tipping fees that are significantly higher than municipal solid waste, but do not have sufficient volume for the development of a stand-alone facility. As such, the project can be structured with one common developer, but with different solution providers managing different types of waste to achieve cross-subsidising.
In addition, certain commercial structures, such as the hybrid annuity model2, and mechanisms, such as viability gap funding3, from the water sector can be applied to waste management projects, suggested Kunal. These structures and mechanisms have been enablers for water public private partnership projects ("PPPs") in countries such as India and Indonesia.
Allard shared that in the absence of government guarantees, multiple revenue streams can help improve viability. These could include tipping fees, feed-in tariffs as well as incorporating pre-sorting and recycling solutions into the project.
Waste management - bankable
Issues of project bankability are important when developing commercial structures for waste management projects
Lim Suy Meng, Executive Director, Project Finance (Asia Department), Mizuho, shared that a bankable waste management project such as a WtE project should first have creditworthy off-takers. If off-takers lack an investment grade rating, credit enhancement from DFIs and export credit agencies can mitigate this risk.
Other key bankability considerations include clear contractual structures, central government support for projects at municipalities with limited financial capability, proper handling of land procurement, appropriate selection of technology and expertise for managing different types of waste, and lastly a mechanism to manage currency and liquidity risk.
Jens Møller, Senior Engineer, Ramboll, pointed out the importance of objective risk assessment and allocation between governments and the private sector. Several local municipalities prefer to create a special purpose vehicle without back-to-back payment guarantees from more creditworthy parties. This makes it challenging to reach bankability.
Jackson shared that the risk allocation profile for waste management projects is changing as there are more funds entering the market. The current model of risk allocation will therefore have to be relooked.
Waste management - recycling
Governments who consider multiple angles would be critical
Dr. Mushtaq Memon, Regional Coordinator for Resource Efficiency, Asia Pacific Regional Office, United Nations Environment Programme, observed that the design and development of city-level waste management system need to be seen on an individual project basis. Some countries have a decentralised approach, while other countries manage waste management solutions at the national level, with multiple ministries in charge of different aspects.
Multiple angles such as (i) the policies or regulatory frameworks for infrastructure, (ii) the institutional arrangements concerning private sector participation, financing, and technologies as well as (iii) social and political behaviours of each country need to support the implementation of a project. A matrix could be developed based on lessons learnt to better evaluate each city on a case-by-case basis and more comprehensively tailor waste management solutions to individual cities.
Other discussants pointed out that the challenge of commercial structures for WtE projects is not just about financing, but also about ensuring a whole-of-government approach towards the implementation of waste management solutions. A whole-of-government approach is key as the relationships between the stakeholders for waste management projects such as WtE are rarely clearly mapped out.
Singapore is well placed to support regional governments in further developing their waste management eco-system, given its whole-of-government approach towards waste management and plethora of private sector waste management expertise in the country
Other discussants felt that Singapore is well-placed to showcase a whole-of-government approach and be a regional brand for waste development given its clear and pragmatic policies on waste management, especially the integration of biogas, recycling and other value adding businesses in the supply chain.
Allard shared similar views. Singapore is well-placed to move the needle in the regional waste management sector as the country has the financial, technical, and legal expertise. As such, Singapore can link the private sector ecosystem with the whole-of-government approach to assist other countries on what needs to be done to enable legislation for newer waste management solutions.
Kunal highlighted that regional governments want to see the full package of waste management players. Singapore's ecosystem can offer the full package as there are many players located at each stage of the value chain. Singapore-based players can also provide support to the region on policy and capacity development, similar to the water sector.
Waste management - group photo
There are signs of significant demand across Southeast Asia for newer waste management solutions, particularly for projects at a smaller scale. To enable more projects and address issues of project bankability, it is important to enable government regulations that result in the right commercial structures.
It is also crucial that governments develop a conducive environment for the development of waste management projects, including one that considers the multiple angles involved. The Singapore ecosystem is well-placed to support regional governments in further developing their waste management ecosystem, given its whole-of-government


Brakerski, Christiano, Mahadev, Vazirani, and Vidick propose a scheme for verifiable computational quantumness based on a strengthening of trap-door claw-free functions (TCFs).
In the above scheme:
 1. Vicky the classical verifier provides a description of a pair of functions $f_0$ and $f_1$ to Peggy the quantum prover, while saving the trapdoor to $f_0$ and $f_1$;
 2. Peggy prepares, measures, and reports the results of a register in a quantum state to provide a $y$ such that $y=f_0(x_0)=f_1(x_1)$, keeping a superposition of $\vert b\rangle\vert x_b\rangle$;
 3. Vicky asks Peggy to measure the superposition in either (a) the computational basis to provide a bit $b$ and an $x_b$ such that $f_b(x_b)=y$, or (b) in the Hadamard basis to provide a string $d$ orthogonal to $x_0\oplus x_1$; and
 4. Based on Vicky's possession of the trapdoor, Vicky can validate results (she uses the trapdoor to deduce both $x_0$ and $x_1$ from $y$ and Peggy's response above).
The authors instantiate their TCF's with lattice-based learning-with-errors, which, in addition to satisfying hardcore bit requirements, is also a leading candidate for post-quantum cryptography - that is, a cryptographic protocol that is likely secure against a quantum computer. They require post-quantum security for randomness generation, and Mahadev requires post-quantum security for her later breakthrough on classical verification of quantum computing.
But does such a scheme to just prove quantumness also need to be based on post-quantum TCFs?
For example if the trapdoor claw-free function was based on a classically-secure, but quantum-broken, TCF, and if Peggy could be consistent in reporting correct answers to Vicky, then Peggy has shown that either:
 - She has prepared and maintained a quantum superposition of both preimages as intended; or
 - She has broken the TCF with quantum computer to invert $f_b$ to find at least one preimage along with the string $d$.
Either way, she has evidenced computational quantumness.
Your Answer
Browse other questions tagged or ask your own question.


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DeflagrationA deflagration is a relatively slow explosion, generating only subsonic pressure waves. This sort of explosion is usually produced by rapid chemical combustion reactions, for instance of gunpowder in a firearm, or fuel in an internal combustion engine. Contrast detonation, where the pressure waves are supersonic.
Deflagrations are easier to control than detonations, and better suited when the goal is to move an object (a bullet in a gun, or a piston in an engine) with the force of the expanding gas.
This article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by fixing it.


text:
SAMPLE LANGUAGE - Intellectual Property and Research Tools
The following sample texts are provided to assist you with the preparation of grant applications. However each investigator/fellow should modify and add to the text in a manner which will accurately reflect his or her project. If a portion of the text does not apply to the grant (i.e. animals are not involved on the project), the language which is not applicable should obviously not be included in the application.
- Sample RCR Language for NIH Applications
- Graduate Student RCR Training The Division of the Biological Sciences requires all first-year students to attend a formal, graded course on Scientific Integrity and the responsible conduct of research. The purpose of the course is to stimulate thinking and facilitate discussion about the purpose and necessity of ethical conduct with respect to scientific and academic practices; to create personal awareness of the ethical dilemmas and choices that may be encountered in the course of an academic career in the sciences; and to provide practical information regarding policies and procedures related to conduct in the Division of Biological Sciences at the University of Chicago. The format of the 10-week long course (the University of Chicago follows the quarter system) includes weekly formal sessions attended by the full registration and small group sessions where students and an assigned faculty discuss specific ethical issues. The small groups present lessons to the larger group on an assigned ethical issue. Faculty from the BSD graduate training programs participate as presenters in the weekly formal sessions and as mentors to the small groups. Finally, all students complete a reflection paper on a topic of the student's choice.
- In accordance with new NIH policy, BSD students will repeat this course, probably in year 4 of their program. At this stage the students are actively engaged in their thesis research and likely will have faced ethical dilemmas in the lab - training in the ethical conduct of research is an ongoing process. Because their experience will be broader than a first-year graduate student, the objectives for their training will be different. These objectives will be announced in advance of the start of Spring Quarter 2011.
- Intellectual Property/Data Sharing Plans
- Background Regarding Intellectual Property/Data Sharing Plans
- Increasingly, NIH RFAs and RFPs either require or encourage a statement pertaining to the sharing of research resources or to intellectual property. The following sample language may be useful to Principal Investigators to consider as they prepare proposals to the NIH.
- NIH wants to ensure that research tools, resources developed with NIH funds are readily available to the research community. NIH looks for specific plans for sharing data, materials and software generated with NIH funds. Such resources should be freely available by entire research community, consistent with the terms of Bayh-Dole (1999) (PDF). The NIH Policy statement on this subject is titled Principles and Guidelines for Recipients of NIH Research Grants and Contracts on Obtaining and Disseminating Biomedical Research Resources.
- A statement on data sharing is required by NIH of applicants seeking $500,000 or more in direct costs in any year of the project period (Final NIH Statement On Sharing Research Data). Data sharing is particularly important in those NIH-funded programs where databases are being developed, or libraries of methodologies, sequences, SNPs, etc. are a funding objective. Investigators should describe clearly and directly how data will be shared: e.g. open source code, posting of data to an open web site, publications/presentations to the research community. Reasonable time delays for protection of rights are permissible under Bayh-Dole and should be mentioned, if appropriate.
- Your proposal may be adversely affected if you do not document that you understand and agree to abide by applicable NIH and University of Chicago policies and procedures. To assist you in fulfilling your obligations as a recipient of federal funding and as a member of the faculty, we have prepared some sample language that you should adapt to reflect the types of research tools involved or that you expect to be created if your application is funded. Your signature on the proposal confirms to NIH that you understand and accept these important responsibilities.
- Sample Language
- The University of Chicago is committed to the open and timely dissemination of research outcomes. Investigators in the proposed activity recognize that promising new methods, technologies, strategies and computer software [revise as applicable to the nature of the research program] may arise during the course of the research. The Investigators are aware of and agreed to abide by the principles for sharing research resources as described by NIH in "Principles and Guidelines for Recipients of NIH Research Grants and Contracts on Obtaining and Disseminating Biomedical Research Resources."
- While the investigators expect that research tools will be freely shared with the research community, opportunities for technology transfer through commercialization will be explored as appropriate. Working with the University community, the University of Chicago's Office of Technology and Intellectual Property (UChicagoTech), manages intellectual property at the University of Chicago. UChicagoTech serves faculty, staff and students by commercializing inventions, ideas and software developed at the University to ensure that new knowledge benefits society.
- UChicagoTech works with researchers to assess the commercial potential of new ideas. UChicagoTech's goals are to disseminate new ideas so the public can benefit from discoveries, and to generate revenues for research and education. When the best means of disseminating discoveries and new intellectual property is collaboration between the University and commercial entities, UChicagoTech has a special role to play. It protects the rights of the inventors and the University-and then typically works with industry, granting licenses so that a company will develop the discovery and bring it to the market. Revenues from licenses secured by UChicagoTech are shared with the inventor, the inventor's laboratory, and the inventor's academic division. Where opportunities arise for corporate sponsored research related to the NIH-funded research programs, the University expects any agreements to conform to the principles described by NIH in the 1994 policy "Developing Sponsored Research Agreements: Consideration for Recipients of NIH Research Grants and Contracts."
- Plan for Sharing of Model Organisms/Animal Models
- Background Regarding Sharing of Model Organisms/Animal Models
- Under the NIH Policy on Sharing of Model Organisms for Biomedical Research, published May 7, 2004 (NOT-OD-04-042), investigators who develop such model organisms (animal or biologics) must include a model organism sharing plan or explain why the research tools cannot be shared. A sample Model Organism Sharing Plan follows that can be used in applications to demonstrate the University's commitment to the open dissemination of research tools. We also recommend you look at the FAQs and examples of plans NIH has developed to assist investigators. Note that grant applicants responding to a Request for Applications (RFA) or a Request for Proposals (RFP) may find additional requirements to those listed below, related to resource or data sharing for the specific announcement or solicitation. It is the responsibility of the investigator to address any such additional requirements in the Sharing Plan.
- Plan for Sharing of Model Organisms/Animal Models (PDF)


Graph Galaxy - A Visual Editor for Graphviz
I am the developer of Graph Galaxy.
This is a show and tell. I'd like to share some thoughts and stories about it.
A few years ago, I started to use Graphviz to create some graphs. Sometimes I spent significant time to tweak the structure and style. Usually I could get a satisfied product, but the polish process is a little cumbersome to me. I couldn't find an easy-to-use visual editor at that time. So I started a project to build a visual editor for Graphviz.
This is the first git commit:
A great project did start!
commit: 168e63c34be600f20c2bed61260545e899638059
 date: Wed Jun 6 23:20:02 2018 +0800
The goals I planned for this project are:
 1. Provide a canvas in which people could sketch the graph structure by clicking and dragging the mouse.
 2. Provide an attribute panel in which people could polish the style intuitively.
Now the above goals are almost finished. Besides, some indispensable features:
 1. Outline. The outline panel shows the table of contents, which gives us a quick insight about how the graphs are structured.
 2. Import and Export. With this, we are able to use the following workflow:
 1. Open a source file (with.gv extension) to view the graph.
 2. Edit the graph in WYSIWYG style without looking at the DOT code.
 3. Save the graph, i.e. write the exported DOT back to the file.
 3. Table Editing. We can easily create a complex and irregular table with this feature.
 4. Hand-Drawn. The stroke can be transformed to hand-drawn. Which makes the graphs more funny. :star_struck:
This is my show and tell. Thanks everyone who contributed to Graphviz!


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|Name: _________________________||Period: ___________________|
This quiz consists of 5 multiple choice and 5 short answer questions through Chapter 4, The Greek Way of Writing.
Multiple Choice Questions
1. The power of the Egyptian priests came from ____________________________.
(a) the ingorance and fear of others
(b) their ability to teach
(c) the people
(d) their power over the king
2. The first games, contests and competitions were held in _____________.
3. The literature indicates that life differed in Athens, as compared to Egypt, by which century?
4. Poetic license ________________________________________.
(a) allows the poet to write in whatever way he wants
(b) requires facts
(c) calls for simple statements
(d) requires briefness
5. The Hindu artist ________________________.
(a) was dictated to by Hindu priests
(b) had limited freedom
(c) had no freedom
(d) had the most freedom
Short Answer Questions
1. Which of the following terms does not describe Greek writing?
2. Which Pharaoh opposed the priests?
3. One of the differences in the society of the Greeks was the __________________.
4. What word best describes the ancient Athenians?
5. Greek writing can be characterized as ______________________.
This section contains 173 words
(approx. 1 page at 300 words per page)


text:
Bluebook Rule 5.3(b)(i) Omissions, When using quoted language as a full sentence
If you quote an entire sentence, beginning to end, capitalization isn't much of a problem. But when you begin a sentence with a quotation from another source and it isn't the beginning of the sentence, you cannot arbitrarily change the capitalization in the quoted material without indicating the change. Do that by enclosing the capital letter in brackets [ ]. The brackets alert the reader to a change from the original.
For example: "[C]itation forms in The Bluebook are designed to provide the information necessary to lead the reader directly to the specific items cited." The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation 2 (Columbia Law Review Ass'n et al. eds., 18th ed. 2005).


Skip to definition.
Noun: Amerind a-mu-rind
 1. Any of the languages spoken by Amerindians
 - Amerindian language, American-Indian language, American Indian, Indian
Adjective: Amerind a-mu-rind
 1. Of or pertaining to American Indians or their culture or languages
 "Amerind arrowheads";
 - Indian, Amerindic, Native American
Derived forms: Amerinds
Type of: natural language, tongue
Encyclopedia: Amerind


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Collection 2076 - Carl Figgins Papers, _PHONE_
Creator: Figgins, Carl, _PHONE_
Provenance Note: The Carl Figgins papers were donated to Special Collections by his daughter Wilma Nixon and Nick Shrauger in the winter of 1978.
Historical Note: Carl Figgins, the son of Mr. and Mrs. William Figgins, was born on October 15, 1887. He received his education in Iowa, and after marrying Cecil Herrell in 1908, he moved to Bozeman. Carl and Cecil had four children: Wilma, Violet, Evelyn, and William. Figgins was a blacksmith and rancher in the Bozeman area. In 1918, he opened a blacksmith shop. He conducted business at 31 W. Mendenhall for almost twenty years. His son, William C. Figgins, assisted Carl during the mid-1930s and eventually took over the shop in 1937. After Carl's first wife died in 1937, he married Annie May Biering in November 1938. Carl Figgins died at the age of 90 on September 26, 1978 and was buried at Sunset Hills Cemetery in Bozeman.
Content Description Note: The Carl Figgins papers consist of eleven ledger account books, one daybook, and several receipts and business papers. The account books keeps track of the financial records of his blacksmith business according to customer. The daybook lists work done each day and customer records were transferred to the account books.
- Box 1
- 1. Daybook, 1929
- 2. Receipts and Business Papers, _PHONE_
- 3. Receipts and Business Papers, _PHONE_
- 4. Ledger Account Book, _PHONE_
- 5. Ledger Account Book, _PHONE_
- Box 2
- 1. Ledger Account Book, 1923
- 2. Ledger Account Book, 1924
- 3. Ledger Account Book, 1925
- 4. Ledger Account Book, _PHONE_
- Box 3
- 1. Ledger Account Book, 1927
- 2. Ledger Account Book, 1928
- 3. Ledger Account Book, 1929
- 4. Ledger Account Book, 1931
- 5. Ledger Account Book, 1933


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While not technically a research article I suppose, I thought Nina L. Nilsson piece in April 08 issue of The Reading Teacher was useful and interesting. Nilsson compares eight IRIs on a variety of issues and discusses aspects of their validity.
The eight tests she looks at are:
- Analytical Reading Inventory (ARI; Woods & Moe, 2007)
- Bader Reading and Language Inventory (BRLI; Bader, 2005)
- Basic Reading Inventory (BRI; Johns, 2005)
- Classroom Reading Inventory (CRI-SW; Silvaroli & Wheelock, 2004)
- Comprehensive Reading Inventory (CRI-CFC; Cooter, Flynt, & Cooter, 2007)
- Informal Reading Inventory (IRI-BR; Burns & Roe, 2007)
- Qualitative Reading Inventory-4 (QRI-4; Leslie & Caldwell, 2006)
- The Critical Reading Inventory (CRI-2; Applegate, Quinn, & Applegate, 2008).
She concludes with a section on picking a test to use.


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The Parasite Farm is a new indoor gardening system that encourages small space urban gardening while composting waste into fresh, fertile soil. Designed by Charlotte Dieckmann and Nils Ferber, the system consists of several planter beds and a compost bin with a chopping board lid that can be mounted on any kitchen table. The pair developed this simple system to encourage growers to get back in touch with agricultural production, and we think they've succeeded – it's as simple as planting seeds in trays on shelfs and inserting grow lights above.
After chopping up your home-grown veggies you simply slide the waste seeds or stalks into the compost bin where they are naturally processed into fertilizer. The system was designed in response to the lack of ecologically cultivated land in the designers' native Germany.
Discussing the need for indoor gardens, the designers say that highly compacted urban areas don't leave much room for agricultural practices. As balcony or garden access can be rare, their answer is "the 'Parasite Farm' – a system that enables you to compost your biological waste, produce humus soil and to grow your own vegetables and herbs – all within your apartment!"
The designers go on to say: "The parasitic objects are fed by your food scraps and provide you – in turn – with fresh vegetables. We hope that this small-scale nutrient cycle makes people discover the fascination of growing you own food and evokes questions about the current industrial food production and possible alternatives."
Images by Alexander Giesemann


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The High Court has decided that the Big Mosque structure of Be'er Sheva, which has not been active as a mosque since 1948, will become a museum for Islam. The court rejected the Municipality's position that the building should be turned into a museum honoring the three large monotheistic religions.
The petitioners – led by Adalah, an Arab irredentist group funded by the leftist New Israel Fund
– had requested that the building revert to its pre-Independence use as an active mosque. The court did not reject this idea but said that the petitioners need to first file the request with planning authorities and only then, if it is rejected, turn to the courts.
The mosque ceased serving as a Muslim house of worship following the liberation of Be'er Sheva in 1948. In 1953, it was turned into the Negev Museum, housing displays that illustrated the history of the region. However, the museum was closed a few years ago because the structure was deemed unsafe.
For decades, Arab irredentist elements have advocated the return of the mosque's pre-1948 status. The Municipality, meanwhile, has been planning to turn it into a museum for Judaism, Islam and Christianity.
The court chose to reject arguments that turning the structure back into a mosque would be a victory for Islamist irredentism and would adversely affect security and stability.
Two of three judges on the panel – Salim Joubran and Ayala Procaccia – signed the majority decision, with the dissent of Judge Miriam Naor. Naor's minority opinion was extremely critical of the judicial activism exemplified by the decision. She noted that it was very uncommon for the court to reject the defendants' position and yet decide on a solution that the petitioners had never asked for, as in this case. The petitioners demanded the creation of a mosque – not an Islamic museum.
Naor may replace Judge Dorit Beinisch
as Supreme Court President in 2012. Beinisch is a disciple of her predecessor Aharon Barak, the father of judicial activism in Israel.
IDF liberates Be'er Sheva, 1948 / Wikimedia Commons


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|This article does not cite any references or sources. (September 2007)|
A hot spare or hot standby is used as a failover mechanism to provide reliability in system configurations. The hot spare is active and connected as part of a working system. When a key component fails, the hot spare is switched into operation. More generally, a hot standby can be used to refer to any device or system that is held in readiness to overcome an otherwise significant start-up delay.
Examples of hot spares are components such as A/V switches, computers, network printers, and hard disks. The equipment is powered on, or considered "hot," but not actively functioning in (i.e. used by) the system.
Electrical generators may be held on hot standby, or a steam train may be held at the shed fired up (literally hot) ready to replace a possible failure of an engine in service.
In designing a reliable system, it is recognized that there will be failures. At the extreme, a complete system can be duplicated and kept up to date—so in the event of the primary system failing, the secondary system can be switched in with little or no interruption. More often, a hot spare is a single vital component without which the entire system would fail. The spare component is integrated into the system in such a way that in the event of a problem, the system can be altered to use the spare component. This may be done automatically or manually, but in either case it is normal to have some means of error detection. A hot spare does not necessarily give 100% availability or protect against temporary loss of the system during the switching process; it is designed to significantly reduce the time that the system is unavailable.
Hot standby may have a slightly different connotation of being active but not productive to hot spare, that is it is a state rather than object. For example, in a national power grid, the supply of power needs to be balanced to demand over a short term. It can take many hours to bring a coal-fired power station up to productive temperatures. To allow for load balancing, generator turbines may be kept running with the generators switched off so as peaks of demand occur, the generators can rapidly be switched on to balance the load. Being in the state of being ready to run is known as hot standby. Though it is not a modern phenomenon, steam train operators might hold a spare steam engine at a terminus fired up, as starting an engine cold would take a significant amount of time.
The spare may be similar component or system, or it may be a system of reduced performance, designed to cope for the duration of the time to repair and recover the original component. In high availability systems, it is common to design so that not only is there a spare that can quickly be switched in, but also that the failed component can be repaired or replaced without stopping the system - this is known as hot swapping. It may be considered that the probability of a second failure is low, and therefore the system is designed simply to allow operation to continue until a suitable maintenance period. The appropriate solution is normally determined by balancing the costs of implementing the availability against the likelihood of a problem and the severity of that problem. there are two types of hot standby: 1. hot standby master - slave 2. hot standby in shearing mode
Computer usage
A hot spare disk is a disk or group of disks used to automatically or manually, depending upon the hot spare policy, replace a failing or failed disk in a RAID configuration. The hot spare disk reduces the mean time to recovery (MTTR) for the RAID redundancy group, thus reducing the probability of a second disk failure and the resultant data loss that would occur in any singly redundant RAID (e.g., RAID-1, RAID-5, RAID-10). Typically, a hot spare is available to replace a number of different disks and systems employing a hot spare normally require a redundant group to allow time for the data to be generated onto the spare disk. During this time the system is exposed to data loss due to a subsequent failure, and therefore the automatic switching to a spare disk reduces the time of exposure to that risk compared to manual discovery and implementation.
The concept of hot spares is not limited to hardware, but also software systems can be held in a state of readiness, for example a database server may have a software copy on hot standby, possibly even on the same machine to cope with the various factors that make a database unreliable, such as the impact of disc failure, poorly written queries or database software errors.
Hot standby operation in railway signalling
At least two units of the same type will be powered up, receiving the same set of inputs, performing identical computations and producing identical outputs in a nearly-synchronous manner. The outputs are typically physical outputs (individual ON/OFF type digital signals, or analog signals), or serial data messages wrapped in suitable protocols depending upon the nature of their intended use. Outputs from only one unit (designated as the master or on-line unit, via application logic) are used to control external devices (such as switches, signals, on-board propulsion/braking control devices, etc.) or simply to provide displays. The other unit is a hot-standby or a hot spare unit, ready to take over if the master unit fails. When the master unit fails, an automatic failover to the hot spare occurs within a very short time and the outputs from the hot spare, now the master unit, are delivered to the controlled devices and displays. The controlled devices and displays may experience a short blip or disturbance during the failover time. However, they can be designed to tolerate/ignore the disturbances so that the overall system operation is not affected.


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Makes it possible for you to select printer options when printing a file. This dialog box appears when you select Print from the File menu.
|The settings available depend on the Windows operating system that you are running Visual FoxPro on. For versions of Windows prior to Windows 2000, the setting names for this dialog box are indicated in parentheses. Settings that are available only when running Windows 2000 and later are indicated.|
General Tab (Printer)
Specifies printer-specific settings.
- Select Printer (Name)
- Displays printers connected to your computer.
- Displays the printer status.
- Location (Where)
- Displays the network printer path.
- Displays additional printer information, for example, printer location.
- Preferences (Properties)
- Opens the system Printing Preferences (Document Properties) dialog box so you can set page preferences.
- Find Printer
- Opens the Find Printers dialog box so you can locate a printer. Available on Windows 2000 or later.
Page Range (Print range)
Specifies page selection settings.
- Prints all pages in the file.
Prints selected text in the file. This option is available only when text is selected.
Note: If a partial line of text is selected, the entire line is printed.
- Specifies a range of pages in the file to print.
- Number of copies
- Specifies the number of copies of the file to print.
- Specifies to collate the printed copies when printing multiple copies of the file.
- Displays the Print Options dialog box. For more information, see Print Options Dialog Box.
- Print (OK)
- Print the file.


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This little LED-lit cube is much more than just a paper lantern: It's a translucent and flexible thin-film electronic circuit that hooks up a battery to an LED, limber enough to be folded into an origami box. And the coolest thing about circuits like these? You can make them at home.
In what follows, we combine basic electronics (an LED Throwie) and papercraft (a traditional origami balloon) to make what might be called an "LED Foldie." The circuitry consists of aluminum foil traces, ironed onto adhesive paper such as freezer paper, photo mounting paper, or even a laser printed pattern. Something constructed this way can then be folded so fit an LED and battery to complete the circuit.
The first step in designing a three-dimensional circuit like this is to see where the parts go. After that we will unfold the model, draw circuit paths between the points that we want to connect, and go from there.
To get started, we first folded an origami balloon, and then inserted the components where we wanted them. The balloon has a convenient pocket on the side for a lithium coin cell, and a single hole that allows you to point an LED into the interior of the balloon. (And you can follow along with balloon folding in this flickr photo set.)
We marked up the locations of the battery and LED terminals on the origami balloon– while still folded– and then unfolded our "circuit board." At this point, we have the component locations marked, but no lines drawn between them.
The next step is to add those circuitry lines (circuit board wires, or traces) between the battery and LED. One thing to keep in mind for interfacing papercraft to electronics: it's helpful if the circuit traces fold over the leads for the LED in order to maintain good contact.
After connecting the dots (so to speak) we have the resulting layout of our circuit. (See PDF below as well.) Pretty simple here– only two wires! The two round pads contact the two sides of the battery, and the two angled pads contact the two leads of the LED.
The next step is to actually fabricate our circuit board. We've actually found two slightly different techniques that work well, so we'll show you both. First is the "Freezer paper" method (which also works with sheets of dry mount adhesive), where you laminate foil traces to the plastic-coated paper. Second is the "Direct Toner" method, where you print out a circuit diagram on a laser printer and laminate the foil to the printed toner.
(Both of these methods of fabricating paper circuitry can be applied in all kinds of other arenas besides origami. Our origami balloon example provides a good demonstration of the techniques!)
METHOD I: The "Freezer paper" method
Next, cut out your traced pattern. Scissors work well, of course. Be careful not to tear the foil!
Prefolding your paper and comparing to your circuit layout will show you where to lay the aluminum foil pieces out on your paper. Then, use an iron to laminate the foil to the paper.
What kind of paper? The easiest (but slightly obscure) choice is "dry mount adhesive," which is tissue paper infused with high-quality hot-melt glue. You can get sheets or rolls of it from art supply places for use in mounting artwork and photography. Much more common and equally workable is freezer paper. Freezer paper is a common plastic-coated paper that you can get on rolls at the grocery store– look in the section with the aluminum foil. (Place foil on the shiny side of the freezer paper).
We used a small hobby iron to fuse the foil to our different papers, but a regular iron works just as well. The dry mount adhesive did not require much heat, while the freezer paper needed the iron to be on high– that plastic has to melt. We folded a larger sheet of parchment paper over the whole circuit during ironing in order to keep the adhesives from sticking to the iron and other surfaces.
We also experimented with waxed paper, which was not sticky enough for the aluminum foil. We even tried ironing copper leaf onto waxed paper, and though it adhered well, it was too fragile and the traces broke upon folding. It would probably work reasonably well in an application where folding isn't required: It was absolutely beautiful and completely unreliable for origami.
Once the foil is adhered to the paper, it is time to refold it.
Insert the components, and it lights up.
If it doesn't light up, try turning your battery around. If it still doesn't light up, make sure your LED leads are contacting the traces.
Hint for this circuit: You won't hurt the LED by plugging it in backwards to that little battery, so this is a better method than actually trying to keep track of the polarity.
The LED Foldie naturally wants to sit on the heaviest part, the battery, with the LED projecting into the side of the balloon. The weight of the battery helps keep the circuit connected.
METHOD II: The "Direct Toner" method
Our last breakthrough came when we created a pdf pattern to print out. We realized that you could fuse the foil directly to the toner from a laser printer. You can print out the pattern (laser printers only: no inkjet!) and iron your foil pieces directly to the paper.
Caveat: while the foil sticks well to the toner, it isn't quite strong enough that you can just iron on a giant sheet of foil and have it only stick where there's toner, so you still need to cut out the foil shapes, at least roughly.
Place your foil carefully over the pattern, and iron very well, very hot. Be sure to cover your work with parchment paper or you will get toner on your iron.
When your foil is stuck to the toner, cut out the square and get ready to fold.
Inflate, add battery and LED, and admire the glow. As before, if you have trouble, try turning your battery around and making sure that the leads of the LED are making contact with the foil.
And there it is: a bridge between papercraft and electronics, or perhaps between etch-at-home printed circuit boards and high-end flex PCBs. We think that there's some potential here.
Your turn! What kinds of origami can you light up? As always, we'd love to see your project pictures in the Evil Mad Science Auxiliary.


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Water Quality Survey Report for Potential Sea Grass Restoration in West Bay of the St. Andrew Bay System in Northwest Florida.
Jon M. Hemming Michael Brim Robert Jarvis
Seagrass losses have been reported for the area of St. Andrew Bay known as West Bay, in Bay County, Florida. Utilizing both field density observations and aerial photography extrapolation for 1953, 1964, 1980 and 1992 images, estimated seagrass losses from West Bay have been reported by the U.S. Geological Survey to be almost 2,000 acres or approximately 50%. Noteworthy anthropogenic events altering the condition of West Bay during this time period have included U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' (USCOE) construction of the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway (GIWW)
connection between the oligohaline eastern portion of Choctawhatchee Bay and northwest West Bay in 1938, the 1970 implementation of an aquacultural endeavor involving isolating the southern half of West Bay proper, as well as large sections of the tidal marsh along its shoreline, and the 1970 introduction of a wastewater effluent to southern West Bay from a municipal sewage treatment plant. In an effort to better understand the cause of seagrass losses for the purpose of designing restoration efforts, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service conducted a water and sediment quality survey. Suspected sediment contamination (potentially resulting from extensive use of antifouling coatings for nets and equipment during the aquacultural enterprise) was not confirmed with sediment sampling and analysis for metals and organotin compounds. Water column surveys revealed important differences in turbidity (NTU), water clarity (Secchi depth), and salinity (ppt). However, small differences in dissolved oxygen (mg/L), pH (SU), chlorophyll a (ug/L), and temperature (°C) were not thought as important to seagrass loss or restoration efforts. Differences in water quality appeared to be heavily dependent on depth, wind direction, recent precipitation, tidal flow, and proximity to points of allochthonous inputs such as the GIWW, wetland drainage canals created by the Florida Department of Transportation and for silvicultural purposes, urbanization enhanced stormwater runoff, and a wastewater effluent outfall.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
_URL_ 2 MB
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - Panama City Ecological Services and Fisheries Resource Office


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Impact of Social Determinants on Outcomes in Patients with Left Ventricular Assist Devices
Aurora L, Ahluwalia G, Mahan M, and Williams CT. Impact of Social Determinants on Outcomes in Patients with Left Ventricular Assist Devices. J Card Fail 2019; 25(8):S127.
J Card Fail
Background: Durable, continuous flow Left Ventricular Assist Devices (LVAD) used as a bridge to transplantation and destination therapy continue to have improved survival. Despite ongoing advances in technology, LVADs continue to be associated with significant adverse events. Socioeconomic determinants are known to be associated with worse outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure. We sought to examine the association of social determinants with outcomes after LVAD implantation. Methods: Using electronic medical records, we conducted a retrospective chart review of 358 patients undergoing LVAD (HeartMate II, HeartMate III, HeartWare) implantation from January 2006 to October 2018 at a tertiary care center. We collected data including median household income, comorbid conditions, self-identified substance use, and cognitive assessment determined by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment tool. We examined the association between 30-day readmission rate, right ventricular failure (RVF), need for hemodialysis (HD), and occurrence of driveline infection post LVAD implantation with the pre-specified covariates. Univariate two-group comparisons using analysis of variance (ANOVA) for continuous variables or chi-square or Fisher's exact tests for categorical variables was used. Results: The study population was comprised of 74.9% males, with a mean age of 55 ± 12, 52% Caucasians, and 39.1% African Americans. The mean household income was $53,298. There was no significant difference between substance use (p=0.684), median household income (p=0.696), co-morbid conditions and occurrence of RVF after LVAD implantation. Similar comparison showed no significant differences between substance use (p=0.522), median household income (p=0.534), and occurrence of HD after LVAD placement. History of chronic kidney disease (CKD) was found predominantly in patients who ended up on dialysis compared to those with no past medical history of CKD (p=0.044). There were no significant differences between substance use (p=0.323), median household income (p=0.564), co-morbidities and occurrence of driveline infection after LVAD implantation. There was also no significant difference noted between the presence of RVF after LVAD implantation, the need for HD or the occurrence of a driveline infection and the clinical status (defined as ongoing LVAD support, transplant, or death). There was a significant difference between 30-day readmission rate and clinical status (p=0.001) such that increased mortality was associated in patients with ongoing LVAD support and patients who received a transplant if they had a hospital readmission. Conclusion: Management of heart failure is not only dependent on disease process but also upon access to health care, education, and resources. This study demonstrated that social determinants did not impact outcomes related to LVAD support. Due to complexity of LVAD patients, health care providers need to carefully take into consideration the complex interaction of health and social factors which directly affect patient care.