text:
The town of Ajax, one of the many bedroom communities that sprawl out from Toronto's border, has a waterfront unlike many of its neighbours. With the exception of one private property, it's seven uninterrupted kilometres of publicly owned, publicly accessible land, the longest stretch in the Greater Toronto Area. In the warm months, it's a runner's or cyclist's paradise: a seemingly endless stretch of green grass and tangles of trees lining the water of Lake Ontario.
But Ajax, a town of 110,000, is in a fight to protect its shores from the burgeoning population of York, the region on its western flank, and the proposed doubling of the sewage to be treated in Ajax's lakeside plant. For Mayor Steve Parish, more sewage means more algae, the pungent green nuisance that already imperils the town's beaches, rendering them unusable for much of the summer.
This particular species of algae, called cladophora, is common throughout the Great Lakes except Lake Superior. It proliferates when it has access to lots of phosphorus and light – both of which are in abundant supply along Ajax's shore. It grows on rock surfaces in the spring and then detaches and floats to the shore from the middle of the summer until mid-September. The mayor believes it threatens the future of his town.
"Developers in York Region, in developing and selling 150,000 household units, will get very significant profits from this on the backs of the people downstream – the people in Ajax," Mr. Parish said.
The local sewage treatment plant, jointly owned by Durham Region (which governs Ajax) and the more populous York Region, plans to increase the amount of sewage it treats from its current 340 million litres per day to 620 million litres per day in the coming years, in step with the anticipated population increase of 400,000 in York by 2031. The Duffin Creek Water Pollution Control Plant expels treated sewage (known as effluent) one kilometre off the shore of Lake Ontario, and the Town of Ajax believes the phosphorus in the effluent is causing the algae to take over its shoreline.
But the science is inconclusive: Some studies suggest stormwater and zebra mussels may be even more important factors in algae growth.
"It's not just fouling the beaches in terms of making them not swimmable or the rotting of the algae causing smells," Mr. Parish said. "We are a Lake Ontario waterfront community, and the waterfront has major economic impact in terms of the growth, tourism, etc. of our community." He's called for a study to look at its effect on E. coli in the area, as well, as he believes the algae traps and re-emits E. coli near Ajax's shore, which may be responsible for the frequent beach closings in the town in the summer months.
While the Town of Ajax believes the water quality along its shoreline will be most affected by this change at the sewage treatment plant, the two-tier government structure prevents it from having equal say in the decision. How this extra demand on the system will be managed is ultimately up to Durham and York regions (as well as the province's Ministry of Environment), which have called for a relatively minor adjustment to the equipment used to release the effluent into Lake Ontario rather than more drastic and expensive measures proposed by Ajax. The town favours adding an extra stage of treatment for the sewage to separate out more phosphorus and to release the treated sewage further offshore.
Durham and York regions are nearing the end of an environmental assessment on modifications to the plant that began in 2010. As part of that process, they hosted public consultations last week in Pickering, where the plant is located, and neighbouring Ajax. The Ajax meeting drew a crowd of about 80 locals, who pressed the two regions, as well as the consultants running the project, to "be leaders" in tackling the water quality problem in Lake Ontario.
"We fully recognize that cladophora is an issue for the Ajax-Pickering area. We don't dispute that," said Barry Laverick, a project engineer with Durham Region, at the meeting. "We've spent a lot of time and a lot of effort ranking the alternatives."
At the heart of the dispute is the cause of the algae growth.
The Town of Ajax cites a University of Michigan study that points to the phosphorus from the sewage plant's effluent as the culprit behind the algae, but the two regions have turned to other research from other sources, including the University of Waterloo, that suggests stormwater and the infestation of zebra mussels in Lake Ontario have more to do with the algae growth.
"There's no one gigantic source. If there was, it would be easy to deal with," said Peter Dillon, a professor at Trent University's Water Quality Centre and a Canadian expert on the biogeochemistry of lakes. "It's the cumulative effect of a lot of smaller sources, and you have to deal with them all best you can."
While he hasn't completed studies of Ajax's near-shore area, Dr. Dillon said the regions of York and Durham may very well be right that storm water is the biggest contributor of phosphorus to that part of Lake Ontario. But he said it's always easier to manage the phosphorus levels coming from a "point source," such as a sewage treatment plant, versus a broad range such as a lawn-fertilizer nutrients, dust on roads and agricultural runoff that could all end up in stormwater.
On a walk along the water in Rotary Park near the mouth of Duffins Creek (at this time of year, it's naked trees and calf-high slush), Mr. Parish said that since there's no consensus on the cause of the algae, the regions should put the environmental assessment on pause and commission an extensive study of the water quality along Ajax's shoreline – or even wait until a provincial study currently underway on the health of Lake Ontario is completed.
In the meantime, the Town of Ajax has submitted two alternative ways to handle the added pressure on the sewage-treatment system coming from York Region. One is constructing a longer outfall (the pipe that carries the effluent into the lake) from its current length of one kilometre to three kilometres. Both the town and the two regions agree the deeper water three kilometres offshore would allow for better dilution of the effluent, which could mean less algae on the waterfront. But that option comes with a $185-million to $240-million pricetag.
The town has also proposed tertiary treatment: an extra few stages of sewage treatment that would remove more phosphorus from the effluent prior to its release. The regions say not only would it be expensive (between $175-million and $230-million) but it's the option with the biggest carbon footprint, since it would involve constructing two new buildings on the plant's site. John Presta, Durham Region's director of environment services, says it won't do much to combat the algae in the lake, either.
"Tertiary treatment is like adding a clean drop of water in a bathtub. It's not going to provide much impact," he said.
But regardless of which research or modifications to the plant residents prefer, most who attended the public consultation seemed most riled up about the regional politics behind the plant's expansion.
Walter Donaldson, 66, who has lived in Ajax for almost three decades, said he thinks York and Durham regions have put cost-effectivness before all else in deciding how to handle the increased demands for sewage treatment from residents of York Region.
"There's a big pipe coming down from York Region – they were saying in [the meeting] it's 80 per cent from them," Mr. Donaldson said. "The town [of Ajax] isn't getting the responses they want. It seems to me like they're trying to rush this through."
York Region officials say they've listened and responded to the Town of Ajax's concerns, but say the option they've selected makes the most sense for the region when all factors – including social and financial – are considered. While some sewage from the region is sent to a plant along Lake Simcoe for treatment, it's not feasible to direct sewage from all future development there.
"The regions have expended a significant amount of money to go above and beyond the minimum requirements for an environmental assessment," said Daniel Kostopoulos, York Region's director of capital planning and delivery. "We're spending millions of dollars on it to make sure we get things right."


text:
Dr. Louise Glew has been appointed the Global Lead Scientist for WWF's Global Science Team. Louise's research focuses on understanding the social and ecological impacts of conservation interventions in complex social-ecological systems. She has an interdisciplinary background, with expertise in arid rangeland ecology, social sciences and statistics. She leads WWF's Conservation Evidence portfolio that seeks to generate, synthesize and integrate evidence on the impact of conservation interventions into policy and practice. Her collaborative research projects include: understanding the linkages between conservation and poverty; empirical on social impacts of marine protected areas in Indonesia; the incentives and barriers for mainstreaming impact evaluation to support evidence-based conservation; and developing novel analytical techniques for predicting the impacts of conservation interventions. Before working with WWF, Louise conducted her Ph.D. research in northern Kenya. She spent over a year living in a small blue tent, roaming the rangelands of northern Kenya, to understand the social impacts of community conservation among pastoralist communities.
"WWF is my laboratory. We convert conservation projects into real-world 'experiments' that allow us to learn how social and ecological systems work. In some ways, we're becoming mechanics, learning how conservation projects work, and fine-tuning them for maximum impact."
World Wildlife Fund Inc. is a nonprofit, tax-exempt charitable organization (tax ID number 52-_PHONE_) under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. Donations are tax-deductible as allowed by law.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Though the chemistry and industrial processes for coal gasification were developed early in the 20th century by European scientists, Chinese engineers have recently developed a number of technical advances. And more efficient processes means using less coal to produce more chemicals.
Near Xilinhot, in eastern Inner Mongolia, China is testing a gasification process that doesn't need a plant at all, but instead collects hot gases produced from an underground coal seam that was deliberately set on fire. The experimental "in-situ" coal-gasification practice has proven so efficient—using less coal and saving the water needed for coal mining and processing—that China has approved three additional demonstration projects across the northern and western regions.
Graphic by Season Schafer, Greg Hudson, Valerie Carnevale, Chelsea Kardokus, and Vicki Rosenberger, undergraduate students at Ball State University.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Non-Euclidean geometry is a type of geometry. Non-Euclidean geometry only uses some of the "postulates" (assumptions) that Euclidean geometry is based on. In normal geometry, parallel lines can never meet. In non-Euclidean geometry they can meet, either once (elliptic geometry), or infinitely many (hyperbolic geometry) times.
An example of Non-Euclidian geometry can be seen by drawing lines on a ball or other round object, straight lines that are parallel at the equator can meet at the poles
Origin[change | change source]
It is called "Non-Euclidean" because it is different from Euclidean geometry, which was discovered by an Ancient Greek mathematician called Euclid. The different names for non-Euclidean geometries come from thinking of "straight" lines as curved lines, either curved inwards like an ellipse, or outwards like a hyperbola.
The first authors of non-Euclidean geometries were the Hungarian mathematician János Bolyai and the Russian mathematician Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky, who separately published treatises on hyperbolic geometry around 1830. Others, such as Carl Friedrich Gauss, had earlier ideas, but did not publish their ideas at the time.


balpha bfishplat
These fragments of a child's riddle or conundrum-type alphabet plate were found in Structure 5. A complete example of this plate is seen at right. The riddle on this plate reads "WHY IS THIS GEOMETRICAL FISHING?" The answer is "BECAUSE IT IS A TRIANGLE." This plate was manufactured in England and most likely dates from the mid-19th century (Riley 1991: 82-83; Lindsay and Lindsay 1998: 136).
Previous Photo Next Photo
Close window to return to Artifacts


Your search did not match any results.
Tree List
Simple Array: Plain Structure
To bind the TreeList to an array that contains plain-structured data objects, do the following:
 1. Assign the array to the dataSource property.
 2. Specify the data fields that contain node keys in the keyExpr property and parent node keys in the parentIdExpr property.
 3. Specify the root node's key in the rootValue property if it is not 0.
The TreeList builds a tree from plain data objects based on the specified properties.
View Demo


text:
Thesis #9 The forces of natural selection weaken with adult age in species that have distinguishable adults and no fissile reproduction.
We now face the prospect of developing a 21st Century biology based on formal, mathematical, and computational tools. It is from this 21st Century biology that a new medicine for addressing our chronic health ailments will arise, those health ailments that are lumped together in medicine's wastebasket called aging.
So, which formal, mathematical, and computational tools should we start with?
Many of the key applications of 20th Century physics grow out of its key equations. Atomic power and atomic bombs both grew out of Einstein's result that E = mc2. Television arises from the mathematics of the photoelectric effect, the result for which Einstein received the Nobel Prize. And so on.
Are there mathematical results of comparable significance for 21st Century biology and medicine?
Yes, there are. The first 8 of the 55 theses derive both directly and indirectly from basic quantitative results from evolutionary genetics. With this thesis 9, however, we come to the most important equations of all for the new medicine of chronic disease, those of Hamilton's (1966) Forces of Natural Selection. In the references supplied with the 55, you can see the algebraic forms of the equations for these Forces, as well as graphical plots of them. But in these 55 theses, I will explain them in verbal terms for the mathphobic who have had their quantitative imaginations neglected or destroyed by their formal education.
Hamilton derived two Forces of Natural Selection in 1966. The first scales the impact of natural selection on the rate of mortality at each and every age, from birth to infinitely great ages. [Mortality refers to the probability of dying at a particular age.] The second scales the impact of natural selection on fecundity at each and every age, from birth to infinitely great ages. [Fecundity refers to the quantitative output of offspring at a particular age.] These two forces are among the most important formal results ever obtained by scientists.
Real Science looks like this:


text:
2019 Volume 105 Issue 1 Pages 48-54
Zinc coated steel is widely utilized for home appliance, construction, automobile, and so on. Chromate-free chemical conversion coating, which is set on zinc coated layer, can inhibit white rust generated by zinc corrosion. When zinc coated layer and chemical conversion coating formed above the layer are strictly damaged, steel can be exposed on corrosive environment. The effect of phosphate acid included in chemical conversion coating, which is generally used as corrosion inhibitor of zinc, on corrosion protection at planes is well known. However, information on parts, where steel is exposed, is not significantly clear.
In this paper, in order to improve corrosion protection of zinc coated steel where steel is exposed, the influence of phosphate acid was investigated on corrosion performance at scratches of zinc coated steel by use of salt spray test. It was clarified that addition of phosphate acid into chemical conversion coating reduced corrosion of zinc coating layer at scratches and steel exposed on corrosive environment was covered with a compound composed of phosphate and zinc. It was considered that phosphate and zinc moved from chemical conversion coating and coating layer near scratches during the salt spray test and the compound protected zinc coated layer from corrosion factor such as salt, water and oxygen. In addition, it was clarified that the larger elution amount of phosphate from chemical conversion coating is, the superior corrosion protection at scratches is.


text:
February 7, 2013 | 4
This blog is called "Roots of Unity" because in 2004 I thought it would be an awesome band name.
I encountered the term in a college math class, and I had no illusions that I would be in a band at any time in the near future, but it seemed prudent to have some good band names in my back pocket, just in case. You never know when an awesome band will be looking for a recreational violist who already has a nerdy band name picked out.
So what is a root of unity anyway? The word "root" in the term refers to square roots, cube roots, and any other roots you might happen to need. For any integer n, the nth root of a number k is a number that, when multiplied by itself n times, yields k. The word "unity," perhaps a bit anticlimactically, just means "one." So a root of unity is any number which, when multiplied by itself some number of times, yields 1.
At this point, the definition really seems like it's making a mountain out of a molehill: 1 and -1 are the only numbers that seem to fit the bill. But the evocative phrase doesn't usually come up when we're talking about real numbers: we need to work with complex numbers to get any interesting roots of unity.
The complex numbers consist of all numbers that can be written in the form a+bi, where a and b are real numbers and i is the square root of -1. The number i doesn't exist on the real number line because any real number multiplied by itself is positive, so the letter i, standing for "imaginary," is used instead. Imaginary numbers aren't any more imaginary than the numbers 6, 8, or 27,000, but the label has stuck. The number i itself is a root of unity: i2=-1, so i4=1, making i a 4th root of unity. Any square, cube, or other roots of i are also roots of unity.
To see what makes roots of unity special, we need to delve a little bit into notation. If you don't like notation, you should probably skip the next three paragraphs.
We can think of the set of complex numbers as a 2-dimensional plane. We specify a complex number with two coordinates the same way we would on a graph: the point (1,1) refers to the number 1+i. If we were standing on the point (0,0), we probably wouldn't want to walk one unit over and then one unit up to get to the point (1,1). Instead, we'd take a diagonal by walking √2 units at an angle of 45 degrees to the x-axis. Notationally, when we use this radial distance and direction, we write a complex number as rei θ, where r is the distance and θ is the direction, usually written in radians rather than degrees. There are 2π radians in a whole circle, so the number 1 is written ei 2π. The angle 45 degrees is π/4 radians, so the point (1,1) that we found above would be written as √2ei π/4.
This method of specifying a point with a length and a direction is called using polar coordinates, and it shows up most beautifully in Euler's identity, eiπ=-1.
Polar coordinates make it really easy to multiply complex numbers. With a+bi notation, you have to FOIL (remember middle school algebra?), and you end up with a total of four terms you have to add together. But with the polar notation of reiθ, it's really easy: you multiply the distances together and add the angles. So 5eiπ/6× 2eiπ/3=10 ei π/2. So multiplying involves both expansion or contraction (that's the distance part) and rotation (that's the angle part).
I think the most beautiful thing about roots of unity (besides the awesome name) is that they are kind of a balancing point between 0 and infinity. What I mean by that is if we have a number written rei θ which, when multiplied by itself a certain number of times, yields 1, the distance r itself must be 1. If r were larger than 1, say 2, then as we multiplied the number by itself more and more times, its distance from (0,0) would go from 2 to 4 to 8 and on and on, spiraling out to infinity. If r were smaller than 1, say 1/2, the point would spiral in to 0: 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, and so on. 1 is the only radial distance that will stay perfectly balanced, just marching around the circle as we multiply the numbers together.
To make this more concrete, I happen to know that ei2π/7 is a root of unity. When I raise it to the 7th power, I get ei2π, which is 1. Each time I multiply ei2π/7 by itself, I rotate 1/7 of the way around the circle. In fact, as I multiply ei2π/7 by itself successively, I get this picture, my blog banner.
In fact, there are seven 7th roots of unity, and each gold disc in that picture is one of them. We can get an nth root of unity for any number n by replacing the 7 in ei 2π/7 by n. The pictures for other roots of unity look a lot like that diagram above, they just have a different number of gold discs.
I'm not sure the mathematical definition of a root of unity stands up to the awesomeness of the phrase as a band name, but I do think it's a beautiful idea, and it's very useful in complex analysis. I'm still collecting awesome band names now that Roots of Unity is out. Two current frontrunners are "The Butterfly Assumption," which is related to a friend's area of math research, and "Premeditated Rosemary Theft," which is just related to an unfortunate incident involving my balcony and some missing herbs.


text:
WebMD Medical News
Laura J. Martin, MD
Dec. 2, 2010 -- A significant number of people try to kill themselves in America's 84 national parks every year, and 68% succeed, sometimes by jumping off cliffs or bridges, a study shows.
In the CDC's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report for Dec. 3, researchers say 286 suicide attempts occurred in 2003-2009, for an average of 41 per year. Of all attempts, 68% were successful.
Firearms were involved in 33% of the suicide attempts, followed by falls at 19% (many by jumping off cliffs or bridges), suffocations at 9%, poisoning at 7% (included drug overdoses), and cuts and piercings at 6%. Also, in 6% of suicide attempts, people used motor vehicles, which typically involved driving over a cliff. In contrast, nationally, less than 1% of suicide attempts annually are transportation related.
Six of 84 parks had 10 or more suicide events (suicide and attempted suicide), led by the Blue Ridge Parkway in North Carolina and Virginia and the Grand Canyon National Park in Arizona, both of which reported 21 events during the 2003-2009 period.
For males, the mostly commonly reported method of attempted and completed suicides was firearms (36%). Falls accounted for 19% and suffocations 16%, the study shows.
For females, top causes were firearms at 21%, falls at 19%, and poisonings at 16%.
The CDC says that between 2003 and 2009, the National Park Service averaged 28 suicides and 13 suicide attempts annually.
Among other key findings:
The CDC report says that each death due to suicide in a national park represents a preventable event in a public place. Suicides can lead to major cost burdens for the parks: One case cost $200,000 because it involved searching for a missing person.
The report also says that though park rangers have tried to stop suicides, their ability to do so has been only partly successful, and that training for the federal employees in how to stop people from trying to kill themselves and in how to detect signs of park-goers at risk might prove useful.
Also, the researchers say physical barriers should be considered in places where people jump, or could jump, from a high location.
Physical barriers on some bridges also might be a way to help prevent suicide attempts.
The top 10 national parks for suicide deaths between 2003 and 2009 were:
SOURCE:Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Dec. 3, 2010.
Here are the most recent story comments.View All
The views expressed here do not necessarily represent those of FOX23 News.
The Health News section does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. See additional information.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I have a data that lists the value of a contract per contract number. So I've created a pivot table that counts the number of contracts valued at 0 - 10, 11 - 20, etc. I want to be able to format the group, e.g. $0 - $10, $11 - $20 I've tried formatting the underlying data as currency and formatting the column in the pivot table, but it still shows as 0 - 10, 11 - 20
Also I have a column in the pivot table that says Total which is the Count of the number of contracts in that range, i.e. Value Total 0 - 10 1 11 - 20 1
Its an autogenerated column heading that Excel put in. How do I change this to say Number of contracts. I want it changed because when I chart the pivot table, the series is called called Total :(
share|improve this question
3 Answers 3
The most bulletproof approach would be to make another column and construct the proper label with string concatenation. Then use that column as dimension ("Group by" in your post terminology).
If you can give more specifics about the data (e.g. column layout, based on which you construct your pivot table) then maybe we can come up with more specific answer.
share|improve this answer
It's not a terribly satisfying solution, especially if you have many groups, but you can change the names of the groups by typing over them individually in the formula bar at the top of the sheet. Thankfully, unlike formatting, it remembers the changed names even if you mess around with the contents and layout of the PivotTable. (Of course, if you change the grouping options themselves, your customizations will be lost.)
As far as the "Total" label, it won't let you change that on the PivotTable (not even via the formula bar), but it will let you change the title of the chart - just select the title and type in your desired text. Again, unlike most formatting changes, it will remember your new title even if you play around with the chart options.
share|improve this answer
You are right, it does not show the $ sign. Another simple solution is mentionning the unit in your header, such as Amount ($). This translates well when doing charts afterwards.
And Martha is spot on about having to type header names and chart titles yourself!
Here's what I get:
Amount ($) Number of contracts
 0-9 1
10-19 1
20-29 1
40-50 1
Grand Total 4
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


text:
GAINESVILLE, Fla. --- A University of Florida scientist has grown a living "brain" that can fly a simulated plane, giving scientists a novel way to observe how brain cells function as a network.
'Brain' In A Dish Acts As
Autopilot, Living Computer
University of Florida researcher Thomas DeMarse holds a glass dish on October 12, 2004, containing a brain -- a living network of 25,000 rat brain cells connected to an array of 60 electrodes that can interact with a computer to fly a simulated F-22 fighter plane. During this interaction, scientists can observe how the neurons communicate as a network, and send and respond to signals from the computer and each other, in an effort to understand and model the computational power of the brain.
(University of Florida/Ray Carson)
The "brain" -- a collection of 25,000 living neurons, or nerve cells, taken from a rat's brain and cultured inside a glass dish -- gives scientists a unique real-time window into the brain at the cellular level. By watching the brain cells interact, scientists hope to understand what causes neural disorders such as epilepsy and to determine noninvasive ways to intervene. As living computers, they may someday be used to fly small unmanned airplanes or handle tasks that are dangerous for humans, such as search-and-rescue missions or bomb damage assessments.
"We're interested in studying how brains compute," said Thomas DeMarse, the UF professor of biomedical engineering who designed the study. "If you think about your brain, and learning and the memory process, I can ask you questions about when you were 5 years old and you can retrieve information. That's a tremendous capacity for memory. In fact, you perform fairly simple tasks that you would think a computer would easily be able to accomplish, but in fact it can't."
While computers are very fast at processing some kinds of information, they can't approach the flexibility of the human brain, DeMarse said. In particular, brains can easily make certain kinds of computations such as recognizing an unfamiliar piece of furniture as a table or a lamp that are very difficult to program into today's computers.
"If we can extract the rules of how these neural networks are doing computations like pattern recognition, we can apply that to create novel computing systems," he said.
DeMarse experimental "brain" interacts with an F-22 fighter jet flight simulator through a specially designed plate called a multi-electrode array and a common desktop computer.
"It's essentially a dish with 60 electrodes arranged in a grid at the bottom," DeMarse said. "Over that we put the living cortical neurons from rats, which rapidly begin to reconnect themselves, forming a living neural network a brain."
The brain and the simulator establish a two-way connection, similar to how neurons receive and interpret signals from each other to control our bodies. By observing how the nerve cells interact with the simulator, scientists can decode how a neural network establishes connections and begins to compute, DeMarse said.
When DeMarse first puts the neurons in the dish, they look like little more than grains of sand sprinkled in water. However, individual neurons soon begin to extend microscopic lines toward each other, making connections that represent neural processes. "You see one extend a process, pull it back, extend it out and it may do that a couple of times, just sampling who's next to it, until over time the connectivity starts to establish itself," he said. "(The brain is) getting its network to the point where it's a live computation device."
To control the simulated aircraft, the neurons first receive information from the computer about flight conditions: whether the plane is flying straight and level or is tilted to the left or to the right. The neurons then analyze the data and respond by sending signals to the plane's controls. Those signals alter the flight path and new information is sent to the neurons, creating a feedback system.
"Initially when we hook up this brain to a flight simulator, it doesn't know how to control the aircraft," DeMarse said. "So you hook it up and the aircraft simply drifts randomly. And as the data comes in, it slowly modifies the (neural) network so over time, the network gradually learns to fly the aircraft."
Although the brain currently is able to control the pitch and roll of the simulated aircraft in weather conditions ranging from blue skies to stormy, hurricane-force winds, the underlying goal is a more fundamental understanding of how neurons interact as a network, DeMarse said.
"There's a lot of data out there that will tell you that the computation that's going on here isn't based on just one neuron. The computational property is actually an emergent property of hundreds or thousands of neurons cooperating to produce the amazing processing power of the brain."
With Jose Principe, a UF distinguished professor of electrical engineering and director of UF's Computational NeuroEngineering Laboratory, DeMarse has a $500,000 National Science Foundation grant to create a mathematical model that reproduces how the neurons compute.
These living neural networks are being used to pursue a variety of engineering and neurobiology research goals, said Steven Potter, an assistant professor in the Georgia Tech/Emory Department of Biomedical Engineering who uses cultured brain cells to study learning and memory. DeMarse was a postdoctoral researcher in Potter's laboratory at Georgia Tech before he arrived at UF.
"A lot of people have been interested in what changes in the brains of animals and people when they are learning things," Potter said. "We're interested in getting down into the network and cellular mechanisms, which is hard to do in living animals. And the engineering goal would be to get ideas from this system about how brains compute and process information."
Though the "brain" can successfully control a flight simulation program, more elaborate applications are a long way off, DeMarse said. "We're just starting out. But using this model will help us understand the crucial bit of information between inputs and the stuff that comes out," he said. "And you can imagine the more you learn about that, the more you can harness the computation of these neurons into a wide range of applications."
and further reading
First Brain Prosthesis?
The Orgasm Command-Center
Electrodes in Brain to Switch Off Pain
The Transcranial Magnetic Stimulator
Wireheads and Wireheading in Science Fiction
Addicted brains; the chemistry of pain and pleasure
Pleasure Evoked by Electrical Stimulation of the Brain


text:
Indian Journal of Science and Technology
Year: 2016, Volume: 9, Issue: 29, Pages: 1-6
Kim Young-Mi1 and Hong Hye-Jeon2*
Background/Objectives: This study tried to investigate the effects of 'Physics, Let's Dance', as an integrated dance art education program, on the personality and creative thinking ability of elementary school students. Methods/Statistical Analysis: This study selected a total of 30 elementary school students in the 1st and 2nd grade in Seoul Special Metropolitan City. Dance art group (experimental) attended Saturday Culture School 'Physics, Let's Dance' and the control group attended afterschool science experiment class. Both experimental and control group took creative personality test and creative thinking ability test before and after the treatment. Findings: As the study results, first, there was significant difference in both creative personality and creative thinking ability between the art dance group (that attended the integrated subject program of science and art of dance 'Physics, Let's Dance') and the science class group that didn't 'Physics, Let's Dance'. The experimental group that attended 'Physics, Let's Dance' showed significant improvement in creative personality and creative thinking ability than the control group. Second, The experimental group had significantly higher post-test scores than pre-test scores in all the sub-scales of creative thinking ability and creative thinking ability after treatment. Application/Improvements: It should continue to develop various convergence education programs to cultivate the creative abilities and personality of children.
Keywords: Creative Personality, Creative Thinking Ability, Integrated Dance Art Education Program, Let's Dance, Physics
Subscribe now for latest articles and news.


Secondhand Copy - Condition great
Laylora, the Paradise Planet. A world of breath-taking beauty, where peace-loving aboriginals live in harmony with their environment. Or do they? The Doctor and Rose arrive to find that the once-perfect eco-system is showing signs of failing. The paradise planet has become a death trap as terrifying creatures from ancient legends appear and stalk the land. Is there a connection between the human explorers who have crash-landed and the savage monsters? What secret lies at the heart of the natives ancient ceremonies? And what price might one human have to pay to save the only home he has ever known? When a planet itself becomes sick, can there be a cure? The Doctor and Rose find themselves in a race against time to find out. Featuring the Tenth Doctor and Rose as played by David Tennant and Billie Piper in the hit science fiction series from BBC Television.
Publisher: Ebury Publishing
ISBN: 9780563486527
Number of pages: 256
Weight: 296 g
Dimensions: 186 x 115 x 28 mm
The Price of Paradise by Colin Brake
SKU: 9780563486527


From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This page is about the Automatic Activation Device for parachutes. For the tree family, see Cupressaceae. For the Mediterranean island, see Cyprus. For the law doctrine, see Cy-près doctrine.
CYPRES 2 Student panel
CYPRES is an acronym for Cybernetic Parachute Release System. It refers to a specific make and model of an automatic activation device (AAD), a device that automatically activate a parachute (typically as a reserve system for a skydiver) under certain circumstances. A CYPRES is designed to activate the reserve parachute at a preset altitude if the rate of descent is over a certain threshold. The manufacturer of the CYPRES is Airtec.
The CYPRES works by using a cutter to cut the reserve container closing loop. A spring-loaded pilot chute then leaves the container and breaks through the skydiver's slipstream to begin reserve deployment.[1]
The CYPRES comes in four different models: Expert, Student, Tandem and Speed. The basic operation of the units is the same; only the activation parameters are different, having been optimized for different types of skydiving.
External links[edit]


_TAG_: Time to end violence against women in politics
Today, 25 November 2020, is the International Day for the elimination of violence against women. Gender-based physical, emotional and psychological violence is one of the most widespread, and persistent human rights violations in our world today. Many women across all sectors, from all backgrounds, will experience violence in their personal or professional lives.
At NIMD, we work specifically with women in the political sphere. Every day, we hear their stories and see the barriers they have overcome – through work and determination – to hold positions of power.
NIMD is committed to helping more women into politics, and part of that is working to eliminate the violent acts that may hinder their participation.
We talk to Nidhal Lamraoui, NIMD's Project Officer on Gender and Inclusion to find out more.
Q1. What is violence against women in politics?
Violence against women refers to all forms of sexand gender-selective violence that are perpetrated against people identifying as womxn. This includes all acts of aggression that inflict physical, emotional, or psychological damage.
While physical violence against women in politics is most likely to be recognized, we often forget about the other two types of violence.
When it comes to women in politics, acts of non-physical violence are rife. They can also include shutting women out of decisions, closing doors to their progress, and not allowing them the space and platform to make their voices heard.
Despite this, non-physical violence is particularly likely to go unnoticed in the political sphere. Why? Because the lines are often blurred, and acts of aggression are portrayed as fervent rivalry or competition.
Participants of NIMD's Democracy School in Georgia.
Q2. Can you explain more about the types of violence women might face?
Verbal abuse and unconscious biases are two ways that emotional and psychological violence is often carried against women in politics. Unconscious biases are the underlying attitudes and stereotypes that people unconsciously attribute to another person or group of people. These biases affect how people understand and engage with others around them. For women in politics, biases may affect how seriously people take them and whether their voices are heard.
Another type of violence is financial violence, which is not as widely discussed, as it should be. Our recent study on the cost of political campaigning in Uganda, for example, shows how women can often simply not afford to participate in politics.
Lastly, we must never underestimate the power of cultural violence, when certain aspects of the culture like religion, traditions, and language serve to legitimize or justify structural violence.
Q3. So how does cultural violence come about?
Culture is something that comes up again and again when talking about violence against women in general, as well as violence against women in politics in particular.
You can see cultural stereotypes at play, for example, in the way some people justify acts of aggression carried out against women. Women are often thought to be fragile and irrational and therefore belong to households. In contrast, men are seen as natural leaders and are responsible for making, managing, and governing decisions.
Cultural norms often take their roots from patriarchal structures in which unfavorable values to women's full autonomy are embedded.
Challenging these can be understood as rebellion, treachery, and even an offense to men's leadership and masculinity. That's where the strong push-back on women in politics comes from.
An indigenous woman, artist and lesbian, Sandra Morán knew the path ahead would not be easy when she decided to dedicate herself to politics in Guatemala.
Q4. Why is it important to end violence against women in politics?
Violence against women in politics has both an explicit and implicit impact. Aside from being an aggressive act and a blatant violation of human rights, it reinforces the subordinate role of women in society and mainstreams violence as a legitimate and acceptable tool of rivalry.
And, because violence can ultimately dissuade women from taking part in decision-making, it leads to unrepresentative institutions, which see things from a limited number of angles.
Diversity and inclusion are very important when it comes to ensuring true and reflective representation of all groups and their needs.
This type of representation allows people to have faith and trust in their institutions, eliminates divides and fosters harmony. In such settings, social justice prevails, human rights are preserved, and national prosperity is achieved.
So violence against women in politics harms not only women, but society itself. By oppressing diverse voices, it limits decisionand policy-making which, in principle, must tap into unconventional and undiscoverable, out-of-the-box thinking!
Think of it this way: If women are shut out of politics, we are missing out on the power of half of our bright minds.
For all of these reasons and more, equitable and substantive representation is important. In order to allow for this, we need to create an even playing field for women to take an interest in, access, thrive, and contribute to the advancement of our societies.
NIMD asks women politicians from around the world about the barriers they face and what it will take to make a difference.
Q5. How can we end violence against women in politics?
I believe that continuous constructive dialogue is key.
Bringing violence into the spotlight… exchanging and enriching our collective understanding of the issues and their root causes… tracing unconscious biases and challenging those beliefs…
All of this is crucial to ending violence against women in general, and women in politics in particular.
This doesn't have to take place in a certain structure or high-level setting. We can all be active players, by making ourselves available to those in need to talk about it. By educating the people around us, around dinner tables, or on social media about the repercussions of violence and, most importantly, the resources available to those affected.
Subversive societal dynamics are nothing but a collective enmeshment of our individual subversive beliefs translated into subversive actions. So we need to start by looking at our own beliefs and values.
The Myanmar School of Politics in action. NIMD's Democracy Schools and Schools of Politics around the world aim for equal participation among women and men.
Q6. How do NIMD's programmes work towards ending violence against women in politics?
In order to make real steps to eliminate violence against women in politics, we address the unwritten rules and practices that exclude women from participating in the political arena.
That means working with political actors to influence national legislation, helping political parties on their internal party regulations and, last but not least, fostering an open political culture through training and dialogue.
For example, we have recently built an interactive new tool, the Gender Roadmap to Inclusive Political Parties, which aims to help parties break down their internal barriers to women in politics.
We also work across our programmes to amplify women's voices and give them a platform to influence their environment. This includes targeted training and support to women's caucuses, but also ensuring equal access to our Democracy Schools and other training for political actors.
Lastly, our highly contextual knowledge has allowed us to contribute to drafting policy documents, joint papers, and project proposals on women's inclusion in politics and decision making.
For example, NIMD is a signatory of the new Dutch National Action Plan on UN Security Council Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace and Security. We recently participated in the consultation session on Women's Participation in Peace Processes and Peacebuilding with the Dutch Government, carried out in the context of the development of the new National Action Plan. During the session, NIMD helped to identify gaps and developments, as well as exploring new pressing issues that deserve more attention from Netherlands.
Similarly, NIMD has also been actively providing insight and input in consultative meetings organized by our partner the European Partnership for Democracy. This has resulted in the production of a joint paper to advise the EU on the new Gender Action Plan, in which Women, Peace, and Security is a prominent topic.
Q7. What is your vision for the future?
For me, a world without violence against women in politics would be a world where women feel encouraged to enter and contribute to politics. A world where the thought of a woman president no longer feels like a far-off reality.


text:
Legendary Food Brands and Their Typefaces
The McDonald's 'golden arches' logo that has become such an iconic global emblem was originally devised to reference the distinctive architecture of the early restaurants, the most recognizable feature of the growing fast food empire in the 1960s. This design history examines 23 enduring food products, including Heinz ketchup, Campbell's soup, Coca Cola and Oxo, and traces how the illustrative and typographic styles of their brand identities have developed over the years.
Designing Modern Britain
Cheryl Buckley's history of British design culture examines how design and society have interacted from the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 21st, and explores the connected themes of modernity and identity. Among the issues discussed are the spread of international modernism in Britain, the rise of eco-conscious design, the role of galleries and retailers, the celebrity designer and the influence of the heritage industry.


Memory Alpha
Dragon's teeth
36,777pages on
this wiki
For the Star Trek: Voyager episode of the same name, see "Dragon's Teeth".
Dragon's teeth was a phrase used in ancient Greek mythology.
In 2376, Captain Kathryn Janeway, along with the Vaadwaur Gedrin and Commander Chakotay discovered numerous Vaadwaur soldiers in stasis, from the year 1484. After seeing them, Chakotay told of the myth of dragon's teeth, which was the story of when a dragon was killed in battle, its teeth were spread throughout a battlefield. The teeth then took root and warriors sprung from them to continue fighting. (VOY: "Dragon's Teeth")
External linkEdit
Advertisement | Your ad here
Around Wikia's network
Random Wiki


text:
Media Sifter is a platform to consume media critically, it helps people to filter their news and get multiple opinions on specific topics.
Media sifter is a platform for people to critically consume media. Why? Have you ever yourself found it hard to believe something you have read or heard from the news media? If the answer was yes would you like a way, a tool perhaps that can give you a filter to that confusion and help you to make better sense of the actual current events?
The service is called 'Media Sifter' and it is a tool and a news aggregator that aids you in your interpretation of the news.
1 – Discover – Aggregating and sorting media sources
(Contextualising stories by history and geography not just by the author)
2 – Dissect – Providing tools above the actual article to allow for language and source analysis (Utilising natural language processing and machine learning)
3 – Disclose & Discuss – Flag words and statements in any given article (Utilising crowdsourced intelligence)


text:
We propose a new metamaterial with a gradient negative index of refraction, which can focus a collimated beam of light coming from a distant object. A slab of the negative refractive index metamaterial has a focal length that can be tuned by changing the gradient of the negative refractive index. A thin metal film pierced with holes of appropriate size or spacing between them can be used as a metamaterial with the gradient negative index of refraction. We use finite-difference time-domain calculations to show the focusing of a plane electromagnetic wave passing through a system of equidistantly spaced holes in a metal slab with decreasing diameters toward the edges of the slab.
© 2007 Optical Society of America
Original Manuscript: January 19, 2007
Revised Manuscript: July 2, 2007
Manuscript Accepted: July 5, 2007
Published: September 6, 2007
Photonic Metamaterials (2007) JOSA A
Anatoliy O. Pinchuk and George C. Schatz, "Metamaterials with gradient negative index of refraction," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 24, A39-A44 (2007)


© 2015 Shmoop University, Inc. All rights reserved.
by Unknown
 Table of Contents
Beowulf Theme of The Supernatural
The supernatural is definitely present in Beowulf, but it's oddly complicated. First, we have the two demons, Grendel and his mother, and the other assorted monsters of the epic – the dragon that Beowulf must fight, the serpentine creatures in the lake, and the sea monsters that Beowulf fought in the past. These are the stock monsters out of an epic fantasy tale. But Beowulf is also deeply conflicted about religion. The poet who composed the poem has a strongly Christian worldview, but also knows that the people he's telling a story about, who are from his distant past, would probably have been pagans. As a result, Beowulf fuses the supernatural together with a religious depiction of evil in a strange and interesting way – the monsters are the Biblical Cain's children.
Questions About The Supernatural
 1. Why are all the major antagonists in Beowulf depicted as supernatural creatures, demons, and monsters? How is the epic different with supernatural antagonists than it would be if the antagonists were human?
 2. How does your interpretation of Beowulf change if you interpret Grendel and his mother as human outcasts or members of a rival tribe, rather than as demonic monsters?
 3. The supernatural elements in Beowulf include demons, a dragon, and sea monsters. Is there a conflict between these fantasy elements and the theme of religion in the epic? To put it another way, can divine intervention and dragons co-exist easily in the same story?
 4. Does Beowulf himself seem to have any supernatural powers? (Hint: consider his exploits in the water, both in the swimming contest and in the lake where Grendel's mother lives.)
Chew on This
Instead of a conflict between straightforward good and evil, Beowulf depicts a conflict between demonic fantasy creatures and the power of fate wielded by a Christian God.
Because Beowulf himself seems to be stronger and have more stamina than a normal mortal man, he needs fantastic monsters as his opponents.
People who Shmooped this also Shmooped...


Studio d'enregistrement
If you believe that the employee who needs a formal Performance Improvement Plan (PIP) will never succeed in your organization, this story is for you.
The newly promoted plant manager of a 150-person organization was failing miserably in the key deliverables his boss expected. Communication and performance improvement coaching did not appear to have an impact nor demonstrate that the manager was capable of improving. The manager's boss, the VP of manufacturing, grew increasingly unhappy with the plant manager's performance.
A formal PIP was developed for the plant manager citing eleven goals and their measures of success. A 90-day time frame was provided as these goals were challenging and not short-term items to accomplish. He was given a strong, supportive environment in which his supervisor's expectations for his success were a key factor.
Guess what?
He succeeded beyond their wildest dreams. All he needed was serious direction about what he needed to do to succeed.
Armed with the specific direction laid out formally in the PIP, he gathered his whole team, four supervisors and several members of his support staff, and shared the PIP with its eleven key goals. He asked for their help in reaching the goals so that he (and they) could succeed in the eyes of his boss. They did.
So, watching this process play out made believers of everyone involved in the power of a well-planned, measurable PIP characterized by positive reinforcement and expressed support and encouragement.
Performance Management: Performance Improvement Plan


text:
Smaller the better when it comes to snacking
Washington: Smaller snack portions are capable of providing similar feelings of satisfaction as larger ones, according to a Cornell University study.
Using chocolate chips, apple pie, and potato chips, researchers Ellen van Kleef, Mitsuru Shimizu, and Brian Wansink designed a study to determine if people who were given smaller portions of snack foods would feel hungrier or satisfied fifteen minutes after eating.
Two groups with different portion sizes were tested. The larger portion size group was given 100g of chocolate, 200g of apple pie, and 80g of potato chips, all slightly larger than the recommended portion sizes. This equalled 1370 calories in snack foods. The other group was given 10g, 40g, and 10g of these same foods respectively, for a total of 195 calories.
The two groups were given as much time to eat as needed, and were asked to fill out surveys to rate the liking, familiarity, and boredom with the food. They were also asked to rate their hunger and craving before the food was presented and fifteen minutes after the taste tests ended.
The results remarkably showed that smaller portion sizes give similar feelings of satisfaction as larger ones. Those given larger portions consumed 77 percent more food, amounting to 103 calories more, but they did not feel any appetite enhancing or stronger feelings of satiety than the group with the smaller portions.
Overall these findings reflect the importance of portion size. While larger portions result in increased food intake, smaller portions may make you feel equally satisfied.
The smaller portions can lead to a decline in hunger and desire that would help people limit their food intake.


IUCN threat status:
Not evaluated
Brief Summary
Read full entry
Why call a purple orchid green-winged? If you look closely at the blossoms, you will see that the side petals ('the wings') have green stripes. This orchid is also known as the green-veined orchid. The green-winged orchid grows mostly in damp, calcium-rich, scanty hay fields and is legally protected. The flower stalk consists of 5-25 loosely grouped helmet-shaped flowers. It often grows together with yellow-rattle. The unusual association of green-winged orchid and yellow-rattle is probably not found outside of the Netherlands.
© Copyright Ecomare
Source: Ecomare


text:
What's a Fab Lab?
ShopBot has been involved in the innovative and progressive FabLab agenda for many years, supplying a ShopBot digital fabrication tool (CNC router) as an integral component of FabLabs, including Mobile FabLabs that tour the country.
What's a FabLab and what is the mission of FabLabs?
Originating from MIT's Center for Bits and Atoms, FabLabs bring the technologies of digital fabrication to people in smaller U.S. communities and in developing countries around the world, giving people the technological tools that can enable them to leapfrog into 21st century lean manufacturing for the betterment of their local communities.
"FabLab is a perfect fit for ShopBot," said Ted Hall, ShopBot's founder and CEO. "We're focused on technology and education," he said, "and we're proud to be participating in this incredible effort to support innovation and manufacturing through the use of technology."
Fab labs have spread from inner-city Boston to rural India, from South Africa to the North of Norway. Activities in fab labs range from technological empowerment to peer-to-peer project-based technical training to local problem-solving to small-scale high-tech business incubation to grass-roots research. Projects being developed and produced in fab labs include solar and wind-powered turbines, thin-client computers and wireless data networks, analytical instrumentation for agriculture and healthcare, custom housing, and rapid-prototyping of rapid-prototyping machines.
Fab labs share core capabilities, so that people and projects can be shared across them. This currently includes:
- A computer-controlled lasercutter, for press-fit assembly of 3D structures from 2D parts
- A ShopBot CNC milling machine, for making furniture- (and house-) sized parts
- A signcutter, to produce printing masks, flexible circuits, and antennas
- A precision (micron resolution) milling machine to make three-dimensional molds and surface-mount circuit boards
- Programming tools for low-cost high-speed embedded processors
In ShopBot's home state of North Carolina, FabLabs Carolinas are hoping to generate funding for FabLab installations across North Carolina. They believe FabLabs will give a wide range of people "the ability to conceptualize, design, develop, fabricate and test almost anything they can create. From new games to robots to whatever the users can imagine, the Fab lab puts priceless equipment, typically out of reach for most, into the hands of anyone, with the goal of creating innovative ideas, products and services to enrich our community and world."Learn more about FabLabs here.
Ambulantes on their way
click to view slideshow
Fab7 Lima: Ambulante Day
by Sallye Coyle, ShopBot Trainer and Consultant, August 19, 2011
Friday was the final push for finishing the Ambulantes. The plan
was to pack up the ambulantes and take them over to the town square
at 4:30 pm…so there was much laughter and hard work as everyone put
on the final details. Phyllis from DC finished cutting all of her pieces
the previous Tuesday before the Mobile FabLab left DC to arrive at ShopBot,
so her project was to assemble them into a cookie stand. People came
with various levels of experience: Tom from Abu FabLab (Kenya) started
with a drawing on the back of an envelope, learned how to translate
that into parts and toolpaths with PartWorks software, and ended up
with a rolling cart with storage and cooking space and a sign. The two
graduates students from the School of Education at Stanford, Rachel
and Daniel, made us all smile, they were so excited with their first
experience with the ShopBot. The "Scandanavian" team effort included
a tongue drum to announce their entrance and lights to make their bottles
glow. Japan's effort had fans and upholstered FabLab logos. Visitors
continued to come by to see the ShopBot in action. And Kenny, from MIT,
started cutting his ambulante at 4, and had it ready to go by the 4:30
We took a break from building to wrap up the conference. Committees made their reports. Thanks were given to Sherry Lassiter (MIT) and Karin Niemantsverdriet, who was at Fab6 in Amsterdam and came to Lima for 6 months to help with the organization of Fab7. Neil announced the location of Fab8 (New Zealand) and Fab9 (Japan).
Then, the task was to transport the ambulantes to the park by the river. Of course, in addition to the cart was the creation of food from each country. My job was to make the chocolate chip cookies for the Phyllis's stand…I even carried flour and sugar and chocolate chips in my backpack to Lima (Security had fun testing those bags…I got teased about making cookies on the plane.) Alas, the task of baking enough cookies in a toaster oven that shared a power supply with the laser cutter upstairs while helping get everyone else's ambulantes cut out on the ShopBot downstairs proved too much for me, so Phyllis fell back on her supply of ginger cookies she had brought from home. The Illinois group made popcorn on a stove powered by llama dung that they had collected from around Machu Picchu! Sambosas from Africa, empanaditas, Indian food, snacks molded (molds made at FabLab) from fruit puree, etc, alcoholic beverages to warm the soul…the crowd was pleased, the lines long, the carts emptied.
click to view slideshow
Fab7 Lima, Thursday, August 18
by Sallye Coyle, ShopBot Trainer and Consultant, August 18, 2011
I have been in Lima for more than a week now. With the official opening of the FabLab conference, things have gotten so busy that I haven't had time to write. But much has been happening.
The ShopBot is in continuous service, with a sign up list. On Friday night, there will be a contest of "Ambulantes," or street food carts with food from the contestant's native country. So, people are cutting out parts on the ShopBot, the laser cutter and who knows what else. My time has been busy showing people how to design in PartWorks, how to bring in a dxf from another program, how to set toolpaths. Half of the group works in metric, half in inches, so we are all getting pretty good at switching back and forth. I've set up the automatic zeroing routines for the Lima ShopBot to run in metric (confusing to the users of Imperial, but they are dealing with it.)
To backtrack over the highlights of the week: Sunday, during the day, all was (almost) quiet in the final hours before the opening of Fab 7. Kenny and I worked on the ShopBot until the last moment, and then rushed home to change before the final ceremonies.
Sunday night, we had the official opening of Fab7, with a celebration at the town hall. After the official greeting, a concert by the symphony orchestra and youth orchestra, and several dance exhibitions, we boarded busses for a light display at a water park nearby.
Monday, the games began. The ShopBot is working great, and so people are designing and cutting like mad. It is a truly international crowd, with people helping people with their design files. Alex from the Netherlands was the first to cut out his table, and then gathered in others to help wire tie the legs. Now, his table has become a worktable. Dan from Chicago has not only learned to run the ShopBot, but he is now teaching and helping others. His team is making a popcorn stand with an umbrella and vinyl stickers. The group from India was cutting their parts while I was running among people needing help, so it was awhile before I realized that they were cutting at 1 ips with a.01 plunge. I'm amazed we didn't start a fire. We were able to clean the carbon in the collet and get it back into working order. Tom Ado from Kenya (his FabLab is running totally on solar power) got his first experience with PartWorks and cutting out parts on the ShopBot. He intends to order his ShopBot in the next couple of months.
I have now finished all three presentations. On Tuesday, I gave a tips and tricks class on the ShopBot. Feedback was that even people who have used a ShopBot for awhile learned a few things, like how to use the C3 program, and we talked about feeds and speeds, bits, toolpathing, etc. Later, as people worked on their part files, I could tell that people had actually been listening. Well, almost everyone. Wednesday was a brief summary of ShopBot's beginning and big building projects that have been made with a ShopBot (provided by Bill Young). It was fun to then learn about other big projects created in other parts of the world.
The days have become a blur, with 14 hours a day at the FabLab, or preparing for talks early in the morning because I am too tired at night to do more than go to bed. But everyone is wonderful, they are thrilled with the ShopBot, and are moving from needing my help to helping each other. The tradition is a single kiss on the cheek to greet…I'm trying to pass it on to the Indian men. Many many conversations about using the ShopBot for manufacturing or opening other FabLabs throughout the world.
Last night was a dinner with the presenters of today's symposium. From Barcelona, Victor (IAAC, FabLab solar house) and the vice mayor of Barcelona and another Barcelonan talked about their vision of Barcelona as a Fab


North Carolina Criminal Law Chapter(s) 14-202.4: Taking Indecent Liberities with a Student (by Teacher, School Administrator, Student Teacher, School Safety Officer, Coach)
1. Definition and Elements of the Crime
Lawsuits Involving Indecent Liberties with a Student Under North Carolina Criminal Law Chapter 14-202.4, the crime of taking indecent liberties with a student is defined as the intentional or attempted commission of a lewd or lascivious act on a student and/or taking or attempting to take an action against the body (or any part of the body) of a student for the purposes of sexual gratification.
To prove a charge of indecent liberties with a student, the State must be able to establish the following prima facie elements Beyond a Reasonable Doubt:
 - That the Victim is a student
 - That the Defendant was a teacher, school administrator, student teacher, school safety officer or coach at the same school
 - That the Defendant willfully: (a) took or attempted to take any immoral, improper, or indecent liberties with the victim for the purpose of arousing or gratifying sexual desire OR (b) committed or attempted to commit a lewd or lascivious act upon or with the body or any part or member of the body of the victim
 - That this act occurred during or after the time the Defendant and the Victim were present together in the same school
"Student" means a person enrolled in kindergarten, or in grade one through grade 12 in any school.
"School safety officer" means any other person who is regularly present in a school for the purpose of promoting and maintaining safe and orderly schools and includes a school resource officer.
"Same school" means a school at which the student is enrolled or is present for school sponsored or school-related activity and the school personnel is employed, volunteers, or is present for a school sponsored or school-related activity.
"School personnel" includes those employed by nonpublic, charter or regional schools
It is not necessary that there be a touching of the child by the Defendant in order to constitute an indecent liberty. For example, a court can instruct the jury that an indecent liberty is an immoral, improper or indecent touching or act by defendant upon the child or an inducement by defendant of an immoral or indecent touching by the child.
"Indecent liberty" does not include vaginal intercourse or a sexual act as defined in North Carolina Criminal Law Chapter 14-27.1.
2. Examples
The Defendant, a middle school teacher, 32, sends inappropriate (sexual) photos and videos of herself to two of her 14-year-old male students at the Middle School. Defendant can be charged with 2 counts of taking indecent liberties with a student.
Defendant, a 29-year-old teacher from a Middle School, begins having inappropriate conversations with a student and exchanging pornographic images. Defendant can be charged with taking indecent liberties with a student.
Defendant, a 22 year old high school girls basketball coach, sends explicit texts and videos of himself masturbating to a student on the team. Defendant can be charged with taking indecent liberties with a student.
3. Related Offenses
Other similar or related offenses include:
 - North Carolina Criminal Law Chapter 14-202.4: Taking Indecent Liberties with a Student (by Member of School Personnel Other Than Teacher, School Administrator, Student Teacher, School Safety Officer, Coach) (Misdemeanor – A1)
 - North Carolina Criminal Law Chapter 14-202.1: Taking an Indecent Liberty With a Child
4. Civil Lawsuit Information in North Carolina:
 1. Contributory Negligence in North Carolina
 2. Negligence is not an Accident
 3. Charlotte Personal Injury Attorneys
 4. Discovery in NC Law Suits
5. Lawsuits Involving Indecent Liberties with a Student
The Powers Law Firm helps people victimized by sexual offenses and sexual predators.
To be clear, the State of North Carolina prosecutes criminal charges involving sex offenses including things like:
 1. Sex offenses
 2. Sexual Battery
 3. Indecent Liberties
The Plaintiffs Lawyers at our law firm bring CIVIL causes of action for money damages for those sex offenses. We sue the offender and those legally responsible for damages.
Lawsuits may be filed for matters involving what would other be considered either a felony or misdemeanor charge.
Civil lawsuits are different than criminal charges.
A lawsuit is separate and apart from criminal charges, although the same conduct/acts can be the basis for both an indictment in criminal court and institution of a civil lawsuit in civil court.
The District Attorney's office prosecutes criminal charges. Private civil attorneys bring lawsuits, not the State of North Carolina.
Legal liability may also extend to the sex offender, churches, schools, and other agencies responsible for background checks and the proper supervision and training employees, staff, and personnel.
6. Powers Law Firm: Plaintiff Lawyers for Civil Causes of Action involving Sex Offenses
Sex Offenses Our law firm provides legal representation in bringing civil causes of actions against sex offenders, churches, private and public institutions for negligence claims.
When legally appropriate, punitive damages may be appropriate for such matters.
The firm is available for consultation involving civil law suits alleging sexual battery, sex offenses, and improper supervision and training throughout North Carolina.
Powers Law Firm consultations for plaintiff matters are free of charge.
That is NOT true for family law matters where a True Retainer, Consultation Fee, and hourly rates apply. Family law cases involve things like separation, divorce, child support, custody, and equitable distribution.
As such, legal matters involving negligence, gross negligence, accidents, and other tortious conduct do not involve a consultation fee. Those include things like car accidents, trucking accidents, bicycle accidents, pedestrian injuries, and wrongful death claims.
Everything you tell any attorney or legal support staff at the firm are also strictly confidential.
Given the sensitivity of such matters, we prefer to meet in-person to discuss whether a legally actionable cause of action exists.
Call NOW to schedule an appointment: _PHONE_
Client Reviews


Dr. Gundry's private practice: _PHONE_
If you've been following my program for a while, you are most likely familiar with dangerous lectins. They're a key factor in a Gundry approved diet. But even with all this talk of lectins, like which foods have them and which foods are safe from them, you may wonder what are lectins, not knowing what they actually are, or why they're dangerous to your health.
Looking for the healthiest foods possible? You've probably done a lot of online research. There are the standard health foods, like fresh fruits and vegetables. But it turns out that not all these "health" foods are as good for you as they seem.
Why? Because some of them contain lectins.
Here's a look at why each lectin you consume can ultimately damage your health, and what you should look out for if you're interested in following a lectin-free diet.
What are lectins in food good for? Not a whole lot – unless you're a plant. A lectin is a plant's form of self-defense. It helps to discourage predators from eating that particular plant in the future.1
But lectins in food can poison animals and humans. One of the most powerful plant toxins, ricin, is a lectin that helps protect the castor bean plant. In fact, it's so powerful that it has been known to seriously harm animals and humans. In some instances, ricin has even been used as a biological weapon.2
What are lectins | Gundry MDThankfully, the vast majority of lectins aren't nearly as toxic as ricin. But they can still do a great deal of harm to the human body.
You might think that since lectin is a plant protein, it'd be good for you. But a lectin is a specific type of plant protein that is actually bad for you. It binds itself to sugar molecules wherever it can find them in your body. Whether these molecules are in your blood, digestive system, or nerves doesn't really matter. When lectins in food latch on to these molecules, they act much like barnacles do when they attach themselves to a boat.
Turns out, if you ingest too many lectins or plant proteins, they can penetrate the cells which line your intestines.
These cells form a barrier, helping to keep harmful microbes, and other pathogens, from entering your gastrointestinal tract. When this barrier is broken, immune system problems can result. In some cases, people can experience symptoms similar to food poisoning.3
Now, lectins in food can lead to other digestive problems as well. In fact, one of the side effects of ingesting too many lectins is known as lectin poisoning. You might be wondering, "What are lectins in food, and why should I stay away from them?" Well, for one thing, lectin poisoning can lead to severe abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea.4
It's not enough to know the answer to the question, "What are lectins?" It's just as important to know how to avoid them. Here are some examples of foods that contain lectins:
What are lectins | Gundry MDWhile lentils and peas also have a lot of lectins, beans have more than nearly every other food. For instance, kidney beans are notorious for having high lectin content. And if you eat undercooked kidney beans, you could be at a high risk for severe digestive problems.
The culprit is a specific type of lectin known as phytohaemagglutinin. If you have to eat legumes, make sure they are pressure cooked. Pressure cooking can help inactivate the damaging lectins.6
Grains are a staple of many diets. But they are chock full of potentially damaging lectins. Wheat germ, for example, contains a lectin known as agglutinin.7 If possible, try to cut down on your grain intake.
 - MILK
You might ask, "What are lectins doing in milk?" Even though milk obviously doesn't come from a plant, the cows producing it eat plants. The milk from many cows contains a protein very close in structure to the casein A1 lectin. Research shows when your body converts casein A1 into beta-casomorphin (another kind of protein), pancreatic damage can result.8
what are lectins | Gundry MDUnfortunately, many vegetables and fruits are filled with lectins. The lectins in fruits are mainly found in their peels and seeds. So when you eat fruit, discard all of the seeds and peels. And make sure you only eat fruit when it's in season.
As far as vegetables are concerned, the main culprits are so-called "nightshade" vegetables. These include tomatoes and potatoes.9 Again, most of the lectins in these vegetables are found in the peels and seeds. Why are they known as "nightshade" vegetables? The answer is uncertain. One theory is they usually grow at night and are typically found in shaded areas.
Plenty of great-tasting foods are not just low in lectins, they're actually lectin-free. Here are a few:
Avocados You might think of the avocado as a vegetable, but it's actually a fruit. However you label it, you can feel 100 percent comfortable eating it – as long as you make sure it's ripe. Not only are avocados lectin-free, but they're also packed with antioxidants. Avocados are also high in good fats and fiber.10
Broccoli – Not all vegetables have lectins. Broccoli, cauliflower, and Brussels sprouts are also lectin-free. Asparagus, celery, garlic, and onion are a few others.
Olive oil – Olive oil is filled with minerals and vitamins that are crucial to your health. These include calcium, iron, potassium, vitamin E, and vitamin K. Olive oil has also been shown to help boost the immune system.11
Now you know the answer to the question "What are lectins in food?" More importantly, you know why you need to avoid them.
By avoiding lectins in foods you eat, you can help avoid issues like a digestive upset. Just make sure you speak with your doctor first before you make any sudden, substantial changes to your diet.


Quality Learning Support For Better Outcomes
First time here? Checkout the FAQs!
0 like 0 dislike
When does parallelism helps your algorithms run faster and when does it make them run slower?
in Data Science & Statistics by Bronze Status (8,638 points) | 56 views
1 Answer
0 like 0 dislike
Parallelism makes an algorithm run sower when it requires significant communication of immediate results. Parallelism will make an algorithm to run faster due to independent parallel processes and appropriate number of threads.
by Bronze Status (6,516 points)
Related questions
0 like 0 dislike
0 answers
0 like 0 dislike
0 answers
0 like 0 dislike
1 answer
1 like 0 dislike
1 answer
On MathsGee Answers, you can:
 1. Ask questions
 2. Answer questions
 3. Comment on Answers
 4. Vote on Questions and Answers
 5. Donate to your favourite users
 6. Create/Take Live Video Lessons
Posting on MathsGee
 1. Remember the human
 2. Behave like you would in real life
 3. Look for the original source of content
 4. Search for duplicates before posting
 5. Read the community's rules
MathsGee Tools
Math Worksheet Generator
Math Algebra Solver
Trigonometry Simulations
Vectors Simulations
Matrix Arithmetic Simulations
Matrix Transformations Simulations
Quadratic Equations Simulations
Probability & Statistics Simulations
PHET Simulations
Visual Statistics
MathsGee ZOOM | eBook


text:
Adapting pediatric psychology interventions: lessons learned in treating families from the middle East.
ABSTRACT Pediatric psychologists are increasingly called upon to treat children from non-Western countries, whose cultures may contrast with a Western medical setting. Research on cultural adaptations of evidence-based treatments (EBTs), particularly for individuals from the Middle East, is sparse. To address this need, we discuss clinical issues encountered when working with patients from the Middle East.
Synthesis of the literature regarding culturally adapted EBTs and common themes in Middle Eastern culture. Case vignettes illustrate possible EBT adaptations.
Integrating cultural values in treatment is an opportunity to join with patients and families to optimize care. Expectations for medical and psychological treatment vary, and collaborations with cultural liaisons are beneficial.
Critical next steps include systematic development, testing, and training in culturally adapting EBTs in pediatric medical settings. Increased dialogue between clinicians, researchers, and cultural liaisons is needed to share knowledge and experiences to enhance patient care.


Industrial Tomography Systems
Theme picker
For over 20 years, diondo Gmbh has been involved in developing and producing computed tomography systems. The advantage to follow not only sales but also project and production, enables diondo to really adapt tecnologies to the specific customer requirements.
Computed Tomography (CT) and X-ray for the industry.
Computed tomography is an inspection method that allows, with high accuracy, the internal and external analysis for all kind of objects. In industrial applications, this result means "inspection & measurement". Compared to other inspection methods, CT is able to determine defect type, dimension and position even in high complex objects and almost independent from its material.
Flexibility solutions.
diondo Gmbh systems are made up by functional modules and expanding kit that make it highly versatile and flexible to perfectly meet cutomer needs.
Theme picker


text:
Note: The following catalog of content covered in this webinar is time stamped to allow you to follow along or skip to sections of the video that are relevant to your questions. You can also search for content on this page using the FIND command in your browser (CTRL + F in Windows, Command + F in Mac OS.)
- Drawing Templates (DWTs) vs. Project Templates
- Drawing Templates Explained
- Project Templates Explained
- Demonstration of Creating Drawing Templates
- Demonstration of Creating Project Templates
0:00 – 3:51: Intro/TOC
Template defined (2:45)
A template is a pre-created document that is already set up with preliminary tasks. You can use the template to save yourself a lot of time because it moves the starting point of a new document further along than if you were to start from scratch.
In word processing, a template might have formatting of the page and text style set up so you can start writing immediately when you start a new document.
3:52 – 5:02: Drawing Templates (DWTs) vs. Project Templates
A drawing template is a copy of a drawing file (DWG file) that can include all kinds of AutoCAD objects and drawing settings.
A drawing template is saved as a DWT file. This is a copy of your AutoCAD drawing file that a new drawing can be created from.
In Land F/X:
A project template is a copy of your project data.
A Detail Template is like a title block for your details.
5:03 – 11:43: Drawing Templates Explained
What is a Drawing Template (DWT)?
- A file that AutoCAD uses to create a new drawing file.
- Essentially the same as a common AutoCAD format or DWG.
Why are DWTs useful?
- Saves time by removing the need for preliminary drawing setup.
- Ensures that the drawing setup is consistent across all your drawings and among your office team members.
- Enforces office standards.
What can be saved in a DWT? (6:36)
Anything that can be saved into a DWG, including:
- Drawing space settings
- Block definitions
- Annotation styles
- Layer settings
Example of an AutoCAD drawing template (7:07)
With Land F/X, what should be saved in a drawing template? (8:30)
- Unit settings
- Your preferred drawing space settings such as grid display
- Layout page setup
You no longer need a cluttered drawing template because Land F/X provides resources to organize and store the clutter.
Land F/X resources to help manage template items (9:40):
- Layer States: Store layer information into a.lay file for better organization and quick access.
- Preference Sets: Easily manage Text Styles, default Land F/X layer settings, callout styles, dimension styles, schedule default settings, and more.
- Block libraries: Access all our block content, and keep your own block content organized and readily available.
11:44 – 19:43: Project Templates Explained
What is a project template?
- A project template is just a read-only version of project data.
- The project data is the most important aspect of Land F/X. It's the information behind all Land F/X content allowing it to work intelligently with our tools.
- A template can only be used for importing data into a new project.
- The only way to make changes to a template is to create a project with those changes and overwrite the template.
What can be saved into a project template? (14:10)
- Reference Notes (RefNotes)
- Concept Graphics
- Irrigation (not recommended)
- Concept Plants
Why use project templates? (15:14)
- Keep your standardized project data safe.
- Quickly available for any project.
- One-time setup.
- Repeat clients.
- Make changes as needed per project.
- Get straight to designing.
Tips for creating project templates (17:51):
- Wait to have at least a couple of projects completed.
- Plan this out with your team so that everyone is on the same page.
- Start a new project and use Import to add data from existing projects.
- Remember that you can always alter the information as needed on a project-to-project basis.
- You can create more than one template.
19:44 – 46:30: Demonstration of Creating Drawing Templates
Why you don't need a cluttered drawing template when you're using Land F/X (20:38)
Layer States (layer settings) (22:12)
Preferences settings, including Text Styles, Dimension Styles (DimStyles), Plant Schedule defaults, and plant label styles (25:42)
Saving custom symbols into our libraries (30:13)
Our block libraries, and saving custom blocks (33:19)
Our hatch libraries, and saving your custom hatches (34:19)
Setting up a new drawing template (37:05)
Setting your units and turning off the grid (39:31)
Setting LTSCALE and PSLTSCALE to 1 (40:03)
Setting UCSFOLLOW to 0 (40:36)
Why you shouldn't assign a Land F/X project to a DWT (41:06)
Saving your DWT (42:00)
Assigning a specific drawing template to open when you use the QNEW command when opening a new drawing (43:49)
46:31 – end: Demonstration of Creating Project Templates
See our Using Plant Templates webinar for a more in-depth look at working with project templates.
Setting up a Land F/X project template (47:19)
We recommend creating a template based on an existing project that contains all or most of the data you plan to use in multiple projects.
Creating a new project (49:45)
Importing plants, Concept Plants, and Reference Notes (RefNotes) from another project or template (50:30)
Why we don't recommend putting irrigation equipment in a template, even though we offer this option (53:43)
Using your template in a new project:
- Creating a new project based on a template (not our recommended method) (54:58)
- Creating a blank project and importing what you need from a template (our recommended method) (57:43)
Backing up and restoring projects and templates (59:30)


text:
The Ronald Lee Sterner Trust Fund
Ronald Lee Sterner was adopted through Covenant Children's Home by the Sterner family in the 1950's. Tragically Ronald died as a young child. In 1957 the Sterner family established the Ronald Lee Sterner Trust in his memory. The Board of Covenant Children's Home was named as the Administrator of the trust. The purpose of the trust to was to encourage and enable other vulnerable children to pursue a post-high school education through scholarship grants.
Today Covenant Children's Ministries continues to administer funds generated by the trust in accordance with the wishes of the Sterner family. Special consideration is given to "orphaned children" as defined by the trust, and to former residents and clients of Covenant Children's Home. Other factors considered are students from "broken homes," those attending schools of Christian emphasis, and students pursuing careers in Christian service or one of the helping professions. Over the years, as the trust fund has grown, Covenant Children's Ministries has helped hundreds of worthy students achieve their educational goals, and it continues to do so today.
If you have any questions about the Ronald Lee Sterner Grant or are in need of additional information, please direct all inquiries to _EMAIL_


text:
"Those disabled people, they're not somebody else."
The words from APHA Executive Director Georges Benjamin identified a continuing public health problem — health equity for Americans living with disabilities — at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Public Health Grand Rounds last week in Atlanta.
Defining the word "disability" shaped much of the dialogue, along with making "prevention of disability a core issue of medical care," in the words of CDC Director Tom Frieden.
"Take the stigma out," Benjamin said. "As I get older, it's clear to me every morning when I get up a little stiffer than I did the day before, it's clear someday I will have more challenges. Everyone should be able to see themselves in this place….It's not somebody else's problem, it's our problem."
Obesity, smoking and trouble accessing health care disproportionately affect disabled Americans, according to CDC data. Additionally:
- one in six American adults live with a disability;
- people with disabilities are 2.5 times more likely to have unmet health care needs than their non-disabled peers; and
- $400 billion per year is spent on disability-related health expenditures.
Benjamin and Frieden called for an emphasis on preventive care for the disabled, including mammograms, colonoscopies, flu shots and exercise.
"How do you define and measure health life?" Frieden asked. "How do you measure disability? One of the researchers commented that, 'People are changing in their expectations.' People expect to be running a marathon at 65. I was recently in Japan for a public health event and my colleagues described going skiing and on the mountains, and most people there were over 65. They have a tremendous culture of fitness and staying fit. This is something that's not easy to change, but it's important."


Channels ▼
Embedded Systems
Researcher Infects Himself with Computer Virus
A scientist at the University of Reading in the U.K. has become the first person in the world to be infected by a computer virus.
Mark Gasson, a Senior Research Fellow from the School of Systems Engineering, contaminated a computer chip that had been inserted into his hand as part of research into human enhancement and the potential risks of implantable devices.
Results from this research could have huge implications for implantable computing technologies used medically, such as heart pacemakers and cochlear implants, and as new applications are found to enhance healthy humans.
Gasson will present his results next month at the IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society 2010 to be held in Wollongong, Australia, in early June. Gasson he is also chairing the event.
Gasson said, "By infecting my own implant with a computer virus, we have demonstrated how advanced these technologies are becoming and also had a glimpse at the problems of tomorrow.
"I believe it is necessary to acknowledge that our next evolutionary step may well mean that we all become part machine as we look to enhance ourselves. Indeed, we may find that there are significant social pressures to have implantable technologies, either because it becomes as much of a social norm as, say, mobile phones, or because we'll be disadvantaged if we do not. However we must be mindful of the new threats this step brings," he said.
Related Reading
More Insights
Currently we allow the following HTML tags in comments:
Single tags
 Defines a single line break
 Defines a horizontal line
Matching tags
 Defines an anchor
 Defines bold text
 Defines big text
 Defines a long quotation
 Defines a table caption
 Defines a citation
 Defines computer code text
 Defines emphasized text
 Defines a border around elements in a form
 This is heading 1
 This is heading 2
 This is heading 3
 This is heading 4
 This is heading 5
 This is heading 6
 Defines italic text
 Defines a paragraph
 Defines preformatted text
 Defines a short quotation
 Defines sample computer code text
 Defines small text
 Defines a section in a document
 Defines strikethrough text
 Defines strikethrough text
 Defines strong text
 Defines subscripted text
 Defines superscripted text
 Defines underlined text


text:
Cyclone record reveals drop in activity
Downward trend Rain captured in ancient stalagmites shows Australian tropical cyclone activity is at its lowest level for the past 500 to 1500 years.
The finding by a team of Australian and Dutch researchers, published in today's edition of the journal Nature, implies climate change is impacting on weather systems in the region earlier than global models predict.
Co-author Professor Jonathan Nott, of James Cook University in Cairns, says the discovery was made possible by tracking the presence of an isotope, oxygen-18, in two stalagmites.
Lower levels of oxygen-18 in the stalagmite are a result of high levels of recycling of water within the cyclone system, high condensation efficiency and the longevity of cyclones as intense convective systems.
When cyclone rainwater drips through the roof of a cave it becomes incorporated into the layers of the stalagmite, leaving a record of the storm.
Nott says the ratio of oxygen-18 and the more common form oxygen-16 are dependent on the intensity of the storm, its source region and the site's distance from the cyclone's centre.
The researchers collected stalagmites from Chillagoe in North Queensland and Cape Range in Western Australia and sliced them in half lengthwise.
The stalagmite layers record rainfall dating back 1500 years with each layer about one-tenth of a millimetre wide.
The team milled each of these layers and analysed the oxygen and carbon isotopes present and were able to reconstruct an accurate long-term picture of tropical cyclone activity.
Nott says one of the problems in determining Australian cyclone trends and the impact of climate change is the lack of a historical record.
Long-term records are needed to gain a better understanding of "true cyclone climatology", he says.
Prior to this research, the instrumental record for cyclone activity extended back only 50 years, with some doubt cast on the accuracy of recording instruments before 1990.
Nott says this latest study allows a comparison to be made between sedimentary and instrumental records and provides a "seamless record" dating back to about 1500 years.
This comparison reveals between 1960 and 1970 there was a dramatic decline in tropical cyclones activity in Australia; that cyclone activity is today at its lowest in 1500 years, and cyclone activity is cyclical.
Nott says the research does not reveal why the drop in cyclone activity is occurring, however global modelling predicts cyclone activity will decline as a result of climate change.
He says the models say this dramatic decline should happen closer to the end of this century. However their data indicates this pattern is occurring earlier than expected.
While a drop in cyclone activity is to be welcomed, the models do show those cyclones that occur will be more severe in intensity, Nott warns.
Their approach, when applied to other regions and in combination with improved models, may lead to improved forecasts of future trends in tropical cyclone activity under changing climate conditions, according to Nott.
He says the study also suggests town planners and governments may have under-estimated the natural variability of tropical cyclones.
The study shows cyclone activity occurs on a "multi-centennial cycle" with the current cycle starting around 1700.
"Where it is safe to build is all based on the recent historical record," he says.
"We have underestimated where it is safe to live," he adds, saying many Queensland coastal developments could be in high-risk zones for cyclones.