St Pancras Old Church
St Pancras Old Church
Depending on which version of its long history you adhere to, St Pancras Old Church may be the oldest place of Christian worship in Britain, with its roots going back to AD 313. That may be a stretch, but there are Roman bricks and tiles incorporated in the church's north wall, and the dedication to St Pancras does suggest an ancient origin.
There was almost certainly a church here before the Norman Conquest of 1066. There is no church mentioned in the Domesday Book, but the name is used to refer to property held by the canons of St Paul's Cathedral, so it seems clear that there was a church here by that time. The church possessed a 6th century stone altar said to have been used by St Augustine.
The first documentary record comes from a pair of deeds dated between _PHONE_ in which Ralph de Kentewode confirms grants of land to the church of St Pancras. In 1181 it was given to the Chapter of St Pauls and the parish tithes were used to support a hospital within the Cathedral.
The church interior
The church interior
In the reign of Edward VI (c. 1549) the vicar was a reformer named John Bedstow, who had the peculiar habit of preaching from the branches of a tall tree in the churchyard and saying Mass from a tomb inside the church rather than from the high altar. In the late Elizabethan period it was described as being 'all alone, as utterly forsaken, old and weather-beaten', and in the 17th century it was said to be 'in the fields remote from any house' - something which is hard to imagine today!
By the Civil War, it was utterly deserted, so it comes as no surprise that in 1642 Parliament instructed that the 'deserted church of Pancras' should be used as a lodging for 50 army troopers. It was around this time that the 6th-century altar stone went missing.
The church was rarely used during the 18th century except for burials. When a new church was built in Euston Road in 1822 the Old Church lost its parochial status and became a chapel of ease.
Memorial to William (d 1637) and Mary Platt (d 1687)
By 1848 the medieval building, which had remained scarcely altered since the 12th century, was in dire condition. Help was at hand; as the City of London expanded in the middle of the 19th century the isolated area north of the old city walls was swallowed up by new development and the decrepit church was no longer isolated at all, but surrounded by the growing city, and the growing population needed churches.
The church was completely restored by the architect AD Gough, who swept away most of the medieval structure, tore down the tower and removed the south porch. When workmen dug under the tower foundations they discovered the 6th-century altar stone, along with the medieval church plate. Presumably, these valuables had been hidden to prevent damage during the time the church was taken over by the Parliamentarian soldiers.
The new building was designed in 12th-century style, with completely new doorways and windows. Gough did retain a section of the north wall, which has been left exposed on the interior so that you can see the 12th-century stonework, which incorporates Roman bricks and pieces of tile.
Easter Sepulchre set in a 12th-century wall
Easter Sepulchre set in a 12th-century wall
Set into this wall is an Easter Sepulchre, moved here from the sanctuary. Set into the back of the Easter Sepulchre is the indent of a memorial brass made around 1530 and said to commemorate a member of the Grey family. The indent shows a woman and her 2 husbands, with her 13 children from both marriages.
This is the oldest, though perhaps the least impressive of the memorials inside the church. There are at least 4 excellent 17th-century memorials on the chancel walls, including a striking monument to William (d 1637) and Mary Platt nee Hungerford (d 1687). Those dates are correct; Mary outlived her husband by 50 years.
The monument shows busts of the couple, each within a separate rounded niche and surrounded by 38 heraldic plaques detailing every family connection of the Platt and Hungerford families. The memorial was originally installed at the old School Chapel at Highgate and was moved here in 1833.
Nearby on the south wall of the nave is a monument to Samuel and Christina Cowper (died 1672 and 1693 respectively). This white marble monument is in the form of a cartouche supported by a pair of cherubs. Where you might expect to see a crest is instead a gilded artist's palette with brushes, a reminder that Samuel Cowper gained fame as a painter of miniatures. His most famous work was a portrait of Oliver Cromwell.
John Offley memorial, 1667
John Offley memorial, 1667
Earlier by some 50 years is a memorial to Daniel and Katherine Clarke (d. 1626 and 1613 respectively). Daniel served as a royal cook for King James I and VI. Katherine was the daughter of John Izod, a 'Gentleman Usher of the Queen's Majesty's Prlvie Chamber'.
In the days before London expanded to envelope St Pancras churchyard, when the church was a lonely, isolated spot, it was a target for grave robbers, who dug up freshly interred bodies and sold them to doctors for medieval dissection. The church gained a sinister reputation, a reputation known to Charles Dickens, who used the burial ground in A Tale of Two Cities as the site where Jerry Cruncher brings his young son to do a spot of 'fishing' (digging up recently buried bodies).
Outside the churchyard is St Pancras Garden, formed from what is left of the original graveyard and opened as a public park in 1877.
The ornate wrought-iron gates to St Pancras Garden
The ornate wrought-iron gates to St Pancras Garden
The Hardy Tree
In 1864 the Midland Railway launched an ambitious scheme to connect London to the north of England by rail. The scheme would see railway lines from Manchester, Liverpool, Leeds and Bradford converge at a new rail station at St Pancras. In order to make space for the new railway lines, the company took part of the St Pancras Old Church graveyard.
This meant that the existing burials had to be moved. It might have been possible to route the lines to avoid the graveyard, but that would also mean that passengers would make their arrival in London to be faced with the sight of a row upon row of gravestones.
The Bishop of London, in whose diocese the graveyard fell, called on architect Sir Arthur Blomfield to come up with a solution. Blomfield assigned the task to his assistant, a young architect named Thomas Hardy.
Hardy, of course, is better known today as the author of such timeless novels as Tess of the D'Urbervilles and Far from the Madding Crowd but in 1865 he was simply a young, inexperienced architect. Hardy was given the unpleasant task of taking down thousands of gravestones and memorials, disinterring the bodies beneath, and reburying them in a mass grave.
A large number of the old gravestones were gathered together, crammed side by side, with an ash tree planted at the centre and clipped hedges around the outside of the site. The tree's gnarled roots now grow over, around, and through the gravestones as an organic, ever-changing memorial. This is the 'Hardy Tree', though whether Hardy actually had any say in planting the tree is debatable.
The Hardy Tree
The Hardy Tree
Mary Wollstonecraft
A stone's throw from the Hardy Tree is the gravestone of Mary Wollstonecraft, the writer, philosopher, and controversial advocate of women's rights. Wollstonecraft's book 'A Vindication of the Rights of Woman' (1792) was one of the earliest and most important works of feminist philosophy. She died of complications from childbirth in 1797.
Her husband William Godwin was buried beside her in 1836 as was his second wife Mary Jane Godwin. In 1851 her grandson Percy Shelley had her remains moved to Bournemouth for reburial. Shelley was the son of Mary's daughter, Mary Shelley, the author of Frankenstein, and the poet Percy Bysshe Shelley. So, though Wollstonecraft's gravestone survives, there is no one buried under it.
Mary Woollstonecraft memorial
Mary Wollstonecraft memorial
Sir John Soane
Set off from the rest of the Garden by an iron railing is the tomb of the architect Sir John Soane, whose most famous design was that of the original Bank of England building on Threadneedle Street. Soane designed his own tomb, with a low stone balustrade surrounding a peculiar open structure like a stone gazebo protecting an inner neo-classical monument. The outer structure is said to be the inspiration for the ubiquitous K9 telephone box design.
The designer was Sir Giles Gilbert Scott, who was a trustee of the Soane Museum on Lincoln's Inn Fields and would have been very familiar with Soane's work. Gilbert Scott's grandfather Sir George Gilbert Scott designed the original St Pancras Hotel, so it is quite possible that Sir Giles visited the original tomb.
Sir John So


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How boring in math class, integrals...!"
This is one of the tweets an unknown student of a secondary school in Mollet del Vallés (Barcelona) has published on the twitter wall
the artist and educators collective La Fundició
have installed in the Museu Abelló's window
which enable teenagers to show what they think of the place.
The process is simple. Two Blackberries have been given to a youth association in Mollet to be distributed among local secondary school students. The teenagers are allowed to tweet from their classrooms (under the instruction of not being discovered by their teachers). By doing so La Fundició aims to give the students a voice in society, as opposed to their usual roles of just listening carefully and learning. And at the same time to turn the experience into an immediate art project.
La Fundició was one of the guests at the course organized by Manifesta 8 education for teachers of primary, secondary and high schools in Murcia and Cartagena last October. La Fundició presented this and other projects as they have long experience in art and education fields.
During four sessions the participants reflected openly on the role and function that art should have in education today. And a lot was said about the resistance the education system as a whole generates when confronted with processes that cannot be controlled, even if these processes might be useful for students. Furthermore the group found out how the perception of the artistic experience can change just by taking the time to connect and learn each other's language.
At one moment the latest tweet in the window of the museum reads: "cramming for exams…."
Are you a teacher? What do you think about the projects by la Fundició?
Leave your comments below.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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K7.5 THE RETURN OF HEPHAISTOS
Museum Collection: Antikensammlungen, Munich, Germany
Catalogue Number: Munich 2361
Beazley Archive Number: 215176
Ware: Attic Red Figure
Painter: Attributed to the Kleophon Painter
Date: ca 430 BC
Hephaistos is led back to heaven by the god Dionysos. The drunken Hephaistos, holding a pair of tongs, is supported a Satyros. Beside him walks Dionysos, holding a thyrsos (pine-cone tipped staff) and drinking cup. A tambourine playing Mainas Nymphe and dancing Satyros lead the procession.
NOTEThis is a drawing of the vase rather than a photographic representation.
ARTICLESHephaistos, Dionysos, Satyroi
OTHER IMAGES OF VASE


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In recent years, a handful of projects have used online map programs such as Google Maps to provide access to historic images of San Francisco. These programs allow website creators or users to "geotag" digital versions of historic images – in other words, to situate the digital images on an online map. Some of these projects are examples of Web 2.0, meaning that users are able to make contributions by uploading images of their own, or add tags or comments to others' photos. By considering some of these projects together, it is possible to compare their features. I'll discuss five projects here, and then raise three issues related to this kind of work.
One project is HistoGrafica. Users can upload images, as well as a free-text description of the image and its source. Users can also contribute to others' photos by rating the image, adding it to a list of their favorites, recommending it to other users, or suggesting that the location assigned to the image may be incorrect. Images can be searched by location on the map or keywords that search the images' descriptions, and search results can be limited to a range of years.
Another project is Sepia Town, by Jon Protas, Eric Warren and Eric Lehnartz. Like Histographica, users can upload photos, provide a free-text description, indicate the image's location, and identify its source. Images can be searched by a location keyword, geographic coordinates, or using the map, but keyword searches do not search the descriptions of the images. Also, the search results cannot be limited by a range of years. Sepia Town does, however, offer a split-screen "Then and Now" feature allowing the user to see an historic photo on the left and a contemporary Google Street View image of the same location on the right. Of course, users can make mistakes in identifying the location of the images they've uploaded. Because the site doesn't offer the option to tag or comment on others' photos, users would have to contact the website owners to suggest that any mistakes had been made.
WhatWasThere is similar to Sepia Town in that users can search for images only by using the map or inputing keywords related to locations, and search results cannot be limited by a range of years. Whereas Sepia Town uses a split screen presentation to view both an historic image and a current shot of the same location on Google Street View, WhatWasThere allows users to superimpose the historic image directly over a shot from Google Street View and to adjust the historic image's opacity using a slider bar. As with Sepia Town, in cases where an incorrect location is assigned to an image, there is not a means for other users to tag or comment on the image in order to suggest changes.
Sometimes a map-based set of San Francisco historic images is presented in a Web 1.0 format, instead of a Web 2.0 format. This means that only the creators of the site can make changes or new contributions to it. One example is Dan Vanderkam and Raven Keller's project, Old SF. Vanderkam and Keller have used images and their descriptions exclusively from one source – the San Francisco History Center's online collection of historic photographs. Users can search for images on the map and can limit the search results by a range of years. The Web 1.0 format means that if users have an interest in making their own contributions (such as providing additional images, or offering further information about images), they would contact the site creators rather than directly making the contributions on the site itself. A Web 1.0 format is easier to design than a Web 2.0 site, and it allows creators to have creative control over the site and its contents.
Vanderkam and Keller have done a tremendous amount of work in identifying the locations of images approximately 13,000 images from the collections of the San Francisco History Center. Building on that work, the San Francisco History Center has plans to further develop its own contributions to another Web 2.0 map project, Historypin. Historypin is perhaps the most ambitious of the current Web 2.0 mapping projects. In addition to features seen in the other projects discussed above, it also provides further options for user contributions – including upload of video and audio content.
A few issues arise with the emergence of map-based collections of historic images. One issue derives from the very fact that there is more than one project: researchers have to keep track of multiple sites in order to search for images they need. A similar challenge had been faced by researchers searching for digital versions of rare books, which archives had previously uploaded to a bewildering variety of locations. These locations included their own websites as well as third-party hosts such as Google Books, the Hathi Trust, and the Internet Archive. Recently, archives have been increasingly collaborating to aggregate their content into consolidated sites (such as the Medical Heritage Library project) both to reduce duplication of effort as well as to improve ease of research.
A second issue is copyright violations. Although the copyright of some historical images has expired, many site designers and contributors remain confused or uninformed about copyright law. Resources are available to clarify the copyright status of various works - one example is the excellent Copyright Chart by Peter Hirtle of Cornell University. Nevertheless, site users' compliance with copyright law continues to be a challenge.
Finally, there are risks associated with the content of user contributions. Site creators cannot easily control or monitor contributions, and those contributions can include everything from innaccuate information (such as incorrectly identifying the locations of images on a map) to libelous statements or other inappropriate content. This year, the OCLC Social Metadata Working Group is publishing a report for archives, libraries and museums to address the challenges associated with hosting user-generated content on their websites. The first of the three parts of the report is already available for free online.
The projects considered here represent an ongoing attempt to improve access to historical images by making them available online, and by using crowdsourcing to geographically locate and describe those images. For more information about the projects, and to see how they continue to develop in both their features and content, please visit their websites: HistoGrafica, Sepia Town, WhatWasThere, Old SF, and Historypin.


Showing posts from May, 2020
The Kenosha & Rockford Railroad
The Kenosha & Rockford Railroad, or the KD Line, was first organized by Kenosha area businessmen as the Kenosha, Rockford and Rock Island Railroad. First proposed to connect Kenosha with Beloit, WI, Beloit showed little interest in the road, and promoters chose to connect the line to Rockford, IL instead, a distance of 68 miles. It opened in 1861 after eight years of planning and construction. Image: Mark Atkinson Collection via The line transported passengers between the two cities, often to tourist sites near Silver Lake and Twin Lakes, WI. Those same lakes became important sources for ice before the days of refrigeration. Two ice spurs connected to lakes at Paddock Lake and Powers Lake Shown in Periwinkle are the ice spurs this line connected to. The abandoned mainline is in blue. Image: Abandoned & Out-of-Service Railroad Lines Early in the 20th century, it was acquired by the Chicago & Northwestern Railway, who named it the Kenosha Division, or &q
El Firdan Railway Bridge - A Bridge Not Far Enough
In the context of railway infrastructure, "Transcontinental" typically refers to the original Transcontinental Railroad, particularly in the United States. But very few pieces of infrastructure can truly be considered transcontinental. One that can be considered is Egypt's El Ferdan Railway Bridge ( Google Maps ), which is a dual swing bridge that spans the Suez Canal, connecting Africa with Asia. The bridge opened in 2001, and is (or was) the longest swing bridge in the world. Between 2001-2015, it served the Egyptian National Railway. Railway bridges over the Suez Canal have had a tendency to not last very long, as it was the fifth bridge over the Suez Canal built in that location. The first bridge over the Suez was built in April 1918 for the Sinai Military Railway, but removed after World War I as it was a hindrance to shipping. A swing bridge built in 1942 was removed in 1947 after being damaged by a steamship. A dual swing bridge replaced it in 1954, but wa
The Dulaney Railroad: Delaware's First Abandoned Railroad
Within the State of Delaware, the first railroad built south of the Chesapeake & Delaware Canal was also the first railroad abandoned within the state, known as the Dulaney Railroad. ( Right of Way ) Walter Dulaney owned land in western Delaware about six miles west of present-day Clayton. The area was eventually known as "Dulaney Manor" or simply "Dulaney". The land at the time was heavily timbered, and to clear land for farming, in addition to making money from the timber industry, a railroad was constructed from Dulaney east to a point on the Smyrna River known as Brick Store Landing, where the timber could be shipped. Image: Delaware DOT. Note the Dulaney RR in the central part of the state. Operation began in 1849, using wooden rails for the roughly 10-mile distance, and ended just one year later. Using a single horse for power, it was not a common-carrier railroad, and built for and used exclusively by the Dulaney family. The right of way generally fo
Iowa's First Abandoned Railway: The Farmers Union Railroad
Despite being one of hundreds of failed short-lined railroads throughout the United States, the Farmers Union Railroad is notable for a number of reasons. In 1875, the company was incorporated in the State of Iowa to build a road from the Mississippi River to the Missouri River in the central part of the state, a distance of about 300 miles. What wound up being built was a wooden-railed, narrow-gauge railway between Liscomb, IA and Beaman, IA, roughly between 10-12 miles in length. One engine and 10 cars was all the company could afford to run the route. As a result of poor construction, rolling stock, and lack of financing, the railroad lasted only months into 1876. I simply can't imagine a wooden railway operating anywhere near the length that the original charter for the road was considering. From Liscomb east to Beaman, IA, almost no trace of this railroad exists today, and as far as we can tell, no photographs exist of the road itself. By virtue of its 1876 abandonment


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This word search contains eighteen vocabulary words from Ch. 6-10 of Judy Blume's Superfudge.
There is no clip art, just a straight forward word search. This activity is always fun for a class competition or partner activity. This is also a great activity for substitute teachers!
There is no key; you get to complete the word search with your students!
You can purchase the Superfudge vocabulary word search packet for $3.00 at:

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Registering a name
The price you pay to register a.au domain name will vary depending on the registrar you choose.
The eligibility and allocation rules determine who can register what domain names in the.au ccTLD.
A domain name is an address on the internet which people can use to find resources like websites, or send email.
Applications to register a domain name are made via a registrar.
To apply for a name in the.au ccTLD you must have an Australian presence and meet the requirement of the domain name you're applying for.
Reserved names are domain names that cannot be registered by law.
The name you choose must be available, not reserved and have the right syntax.
A domain name licence is a contract between you and a registrar and when you register one, you agree to a set of terms and conditions.


How Much Content Can a Craft Site Have?
People often ask how much content Craft CMS or Craft Commerce can handle with specific numbers in mind for entries, users, orders, assets, and other element types.
Craft's license doesn't put any limitations on your content, but the number of elements it can ultimately support depends on how your site is built, optimized, and hosted.
There are Craft CMS and Craft Commerce sites in the wild running smoothly with tens of millions of elements, and we've seen smaller sites struggle to keep up with modest amounts of traffic. The answer is usually "yes, Craft can handle that," but you should take care with a few things that maximize your site's ability to handle a growing body of content:
 - Utilize smart caching strategies on the front end of the site, which balance how the site is built and deployed with how it needs to be used by each visitor or customer.
 - Eager load your data wherever possible to maximize database query efficiency.
 - Make sure you've got adequate infrastructure with enough resources for PHP, the database, Redis, etc.
 - Tune database indexes specifically for your site. Craft provides a reasonable set of indexes for the most common types of queries a site might use, and on modestly-sized sites any missed opportunities for index tailoring will probably go unnoticed. Those same issues, however, will gradually be amplified as larger datasets grow.
 - Be cautious with information architecture. Content modeling complexity comes with more database queries. These queries may need more time to execute and closer attention to measure and optimize. A Plain Text field, for example, will be vastly more efficient than a Neo field inside a Super Table field in a Matrix field. Your site's intended scale and resources should factor into content modeling design decisions.
 - Mind your site count. Every site you add to an installation is generally a multiplier for the number of queries that need to be executed. A site with complex information architecture may trigger 200 queries for a single site that total 800 queries for a four-site installation. Consider your content modeling and propagation along with however many sites you plan to use.


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Evidence to date has shown a steady decline in childminder numbers in England and Wales over the last 20 years. The loss of childminders and the childcare and early years (CC&EY) places that they offer is in contrast to other parts of the sector and the expansion of CC&EY policy initiatives. The loss in childminders poses a threat to the statutory responsibility placed on Local Authorities to secure sufficient CC&EY services for children and their families, while leading to the demise of a unique CC&EY service. Funded by PACEY, researchers from Plymouth Institute of Education undertook an analysis of childminding provision in England and Wales. The research entailed:
- an analysis of existing literature and data on childminding
- a survey of childminders, local authorities and other relevant stakeholders exploring the perceived reasons for the decline in childminders
- a series of case studies of local authority areas to offer a detailed analysis of the core themes arising from the survey
1. In both England and Wales, there were criticisms that the registration process was time consuming and that paper work and regulatory burdens prevented childminding from being seen as a desirable profession. Childminders also reported that they felt inspection processes failed to recognise the uniqueness of a home-based pedagogy.
2. Both the survey data and case studies provide evidence for the view that childminding lacks professional status and that it is not a professional role that was understood by the wider CC&EY community. Specific problems that emerged across the data and participants included:
- Childminding being presented as a starter profession, rather than a career in its own right.
- Minimum qualification requirements not being in line with the rest of the CC&EY sector.
- A lack of national representation of what childminding entails.
3. Childminders felt isolated from the wider CC&EY sector, support networks and other childminders. Data from those providing support for childminders and the wider CC&EY community illustrated variable systems and models, but with no consistency of support. Both formal and informal professional development opportunities, which were once seen as a way of networking, were also identified as being in decline.
4. There is a commitment to, and pride in, the quality of childminding in England and Wales. 99% of respondents 'strongly agreed' or 'agreed' that childminders deliver high quality CC&EY provision.
The childminding profession has a number of unique characteristics, which do not always align with the wider CC&EY workforce. While there are strengths in aligning childminders to the wider workforce, childminders are often expected to fit into initiatives that focus on group-based care, such as registration and regulation requirements and the development of professional qualifications. The 'fitting in' fails to account for the distinctiveness of childminders and childminding amongst CC&EY services.


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Comparison of WGS3 and Release 2 sequence assemblies of the rolled region. (a) Genomic organization of the rolled gene. Exons are shown as black boxes numbered 1 to 7, and introns are shown by the thin black line. All exons are present in a single WGS3 scaffold; exons 4 and 7 are absent from Release 2. (b) Thirteen Release 2 sequence scaffolds are shown as red bars. Thick portions of bars show regions aligned to WGS3, and thin portions show unaligned regions corresponding to sequence gaps. Scaffolds are labeled with the GenBank accession numbers, all of which begin 'AE00' and end in the indicated four digits: for example, AE003202. (c) The 252-kb WGS3 heterochromatic sequence scaffold 211000022279977 (Scaffold 79977), shown by the blue bar, links the 13 Release 2 scaffolds. The thin portions of the bar represent sequence gaps.
Hoskins et al. Genome Biology 2002 3:research0085.1-0085.16 doi:10.1186/gb-2002-3-12-research0085


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Definition: A conceptual method of open addressing for a hash table. A collision is resolved by putting the item in the next empty place given by a probe sequence which is independent of sequences for all other key.
See also collision resolution scheme, clustering free, double hashing, quadratic probing, linear probing, perfect hashing, simple uniform hashing.
Note: Since the probe sequences are independent, this is free of clustering. This is conceptual because real probe sequences are unlikely to be completely independent.
If you have suggestions, corrections, or comments, please get in touch with Paul E. Black.
Entry modified 17 December 2004.
HTML page formatted Fri Mar 25 16:20:35 2011.
Cite this as:
Paul E. Black, "uniform hashing", in Dictionary of Algorithms and Data Structures [online], Paul E. Black, ed., U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology. 17 December 2004. (accessed TODAY) Available from: _URL_


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This guide was written by Coffin Mew LLP and is for general information only. It was last updated in November 2012.
What is a charity?
In order to understand what charity trustees do it is important to understand the sector in which they function. Charities are essentially organisations set up for the benefit of the communities they serve. High profile national charities such as the Salvation Army, YMCA, Barnardos, The Scout Association and Shelter are well known but make up less than one per cent of registered charities. The majority of charities are based in local communities throughout the country, meeting local needs with limited resources. However, what they all have in common is the fact that they have 'charitable objects'.
Most charities, whether incorporated or unincorporated, have a governing document of some sort (for example a constitution, a trust deed, rules or articles of association). It is in this document that the charitable objects can be found. The governing document also deals with the way in which the charity is governed, how it functions and what the trustees can and cannot do.
Login or register for a free account to continue reading this factsheet and to learn about:
- What is a charity?
- What is a trustee?
- What liabilities are trustees likely to face?
- What about the rewarding aspects of trusteeship?
- How should a board of trustees be structured?
- Induction and training of trustees
- Hodgson review


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If a large number of Fresnel zones fit into the hole, then to find their total action, it is necessary to take into account the decrease in the amplitude of oscillations from more distant zones. It can be shown that in this case, the intensity of the wave is equal to the intensity created by the combined action of half of the first Fresnel zone and half of the last. Zones. At large values of the number of zones on the hole, the amplitude of the oscillation from the half of the last zone becomes so small that its influence in comparison with the action of half of the first zone can be neglected. The result is as if the wave from one point to another propagates in a straight line inside a cylinder whose diameter is less than the diameter of the first zone. In this case, the concept of a light beam can be used.
Remember: The process of learning a person lasts a lifetime. The value of the same knowledge for different people may be different, it is determined by their individual characteristics and needs. Therefore, knowledge is always needed at any age and position.


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The Dinosaur plant
The Dinosaur plant is one of the longest living plant in the world. Hence the word dinosaur! This plant is shaped as a small ball, which is the sleeping state. Adding some water to the plant helps the plant open. It takes about one whole day for the plant to open. In case the plant drys up it will curl back in its sleeping state for up to 50 years. The dinosaur plant is ancient and is also known as jericho rose!


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While previous studies had warned about the possible link between eating meat grilled at high temperatures and the risk of cancer, new research suggests that this popular staple of backyard barbecues might have more health risks than once thought. Based on the findings of this recently published study, eating grilled meat, may it be red or white, could increase the risk of hypertension, or high blood pressure.
In a study whose results were released at an American Heart Association meeting and published on the organization's website on Wednesday, researchers detailed how they had followed more than 100,000 individuals across three previous studies, with more than 80 percent of them being female. All of these participants had normal blood pressure when the study started, but 37,123 of them were found to have high blood pressure when they were followed up on about 12 to 16 years later.
According to Fortune, the researchers hinted at a link between grilled meat consumption and hypertension by pointing out that the risk of high blood pressure was 17 percent higher for participants who consumed two weekly servings of grilled, broiled, or roasted meat. Similarly, those who had preferred to eat their meat well done were 15 percent more likely to suffer from high blood pressure.
"Our findings imply that avoiding the use of open-flame and/or high-temperature cooking methods may help reduce hypertension risk among individuals who consume red meat, chicken or fish regularly," said Harvard T.H Chan School of Public Health research fellow Gang Liu, lead author on the study, in an interview with Today.
That tasty serving of grilled beef, chicken or fish may come with another unwelcome health concern. Study suggests that grilling meat may raise risk of high blood pressure. _URL_
— Anshul Sharma (_USER_) March 24, 2018
Further explaining the results of the study, Liu stated that it isn't clear why grilled meats and hypertension were shown to be linked, but there has been some research suggesting that cooking meat at high temperatures could result in the formation of chemical agents that stimulate insulin resistance, inflammation, and oxidative stress in animals. The American Heart Association news release explained that these issues affect blood vessels' inner linings and are connected to atherosclerosis, a process that narrows the arteries and is mentioned as an underlying cause of heart disease.
Likewise, Liu told Today that it's still not clear whether the chemical agents supposedly formed when meats are grilled are similar to the ones that previous studies have associated with cancer.
The researchers, however, stressed that their study "identifies a trend" where grilled meats and hypertension are associated, but does not prove any form of causality. They also noted that their analysis had some limitations, since certain types of meat, including pork and lamb, were not included in the questionnaires given to the study participants. Moreover, the participants were mostly Caucasians in the health industry, and specific methods of cooking, including stewing and stir-frying, were not taken into account.


INFP Intelligence: What Makes INFPs Smart?
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INFPs are peculiar in their way of thinking, don't you agree? Well, I agree with that because I'm an INFP, too. I've lived it.
So what does the INFP intellect really have to offer? Are INFPs a slow-witted type or geniuses that need some uncovering?
INFP is an intrapersonally smart personality. They possess high emotional intelligence that helps understand human subjectivity. They see multiple perspectives in a situation, too.
Furthermore, INFPs can be as logically and numerically smart as INTPs and INTJs. Only that, their motivation with knowledge is to draw the big picture and obtain a deeper meaning rather than zooming in on details such as calculations.
Like what Howard Gardner mentions in his Theory of Multiple Intelligences, every individual has their own intelligence. INFPs are just as unique.
6 Reasons Why INFPs Are Smart People
Truth be told, while many people assume that INFPs are shy people, the weight of ideas and idealism from the INFP mind can actually transform today's society.
Here are 6 reasons why INFPs are smart despite the numerous misconceptions.
1. INFPs realize idealistic plans and flaws way ahead of others.
INFPs are called idealists because of their quick perception of "perfection". This isn't an exaggeration, but when an INFP's presented a plan, the INFP mind strives to draw the perfect vision of what, when, and how it should happen.
For example, if someone announces a musical play production, INFPs tend to reel a perfect scenario of how it's gonna happen. They estimate the location's potential, the needed materials, and evaluate the behavior of the people around them. INFPs predict how much of the plan will prosper.
For INFPs, it's like a movie that keeps on replaying in their heads.
INFPs are natural masterminds that can see flaws way ahead of others. However, despite having the most idealistic proposals, there could be one main issue – the confidence to introduce the plan.
Confidence could be a vital issue for INFPs. While confident INFPs bring about fresh and desirable ideas, the self-critical ones may just keep the idea within themselves.
So if you have an INFP friend, you may want to gently ask their suggestions. You will never know how many insights an INFP could have.
2. INFPs can strongly empathize with others.
INFPs are emotionally intelligent. They are observant of character and human behaviors. They're highly sensitive to words, tone, intent, and gestures. Although they may not pinpoint the real problem, they are the first people to see that "something is off" about a person.
INFPs are empathetic and have the power to live in other people's shoes. INFPs are exceptional with it. They are in a constant course of understanding human subjectivity which requires critical thinking and profound intelligence.
3. INFPs are capable of solving their own and other people's problems
INFPs are intrapersonally smart. While they may have difficulties in socializing with others, INFPs are immensely in touch with themselves, their beliefs, and their values.
INFPs manage to compare and contrast ideas, then settle with the best solution they can find. Since they have a strong connection with themselves, the best people to solve their issues would be themselves, too.
They rarely ask people for advice. Instead, people go to them. INFPs are capable to connect the dots, consider emotions, and have a deeper understanding of the subject matter. This allows them to provide gentle, yet relevant advice for the specific person.
4. INFPs can do analytics and logic, too.
Here's some news: being a Thinker doesn't mean you're incapable of feeling; being a Feeler doesn't mean you're not thinking. We must clear this misconception.
Being either a Thinker or Feeler only indicates our paramount preference in our decision-making process. It's not a measure of academic or mathematical intelligence.
With that said, being a Feeler doesn't make INFPs dumb with numbers and logic. In computations, INFPs can be as good as INTPs and INTJs, too.
5 Reasons That Make INFPs Smart People
INFPs are capable of mathematical analysis when they need to use it. Only that, their true interests lie in the search for deeper meaning and understanding and not with incomprehensible numerical values.
Analytic intelligence, for INFPs, is like a switch. They can turn it on and off depending on the need to use the skill. So if there's no valid reason to perform some mathematical skill, then INFPs won't provide voluntary focus on it.
 You may also like: The INFP Mind: 6 Best INFP Traits and Hidden Behaviors
5. INFPs have the ability to see multiple perspectives
INFPs will always seek for the flaw to make corrections early on. Whether it's a project, a lecture, or an act, INFPs will see through where the flaw is.
Furthermore, what-ifs are INFPs' default planning mode.
"What if the panel criticizes this part, what should I say?"
"What if this happens, how should I respond?"
INFPs try to predict many possible scenarios. So when an event comes, they've already felt the sensations of a situation even before it happens. I admit this is a stressful INFP trait. When it gets out of hand, it induces a lot of anxiety in INFPs.
But when done right, it would deliver a well-planned performance that would not only reflect on the INFP but for the whole team that worked all together.
6. INFPs can explain complicated information into simple and comprehensible ideas
INFPs can digest complicated ideas and serve them into bite-sized comprehensible information. INFPs are like Dr. Strange. Among all the possible ways to say an idea, they'll find the fastest way that the other person would understand.
As an educator, I always read numerous book chapters for my lectures. Normally, it would take me around 5 hours to finish and digest every detail I've read. It takes longer because I'm also in search of the lesson's significance.
But when I discuss the topic with students, it becomes a lot shorter. I focus not on what and how I learned it. I pursue to discuss the why
Like many INFPs, they don't always talk about textbook knowledge. They speak about the essence of a topic. Fortunately, it's a facet people easily understand.
Why Some People Assume INFPs are Dumb
Despite INFP's intellect, many people still assume that INFPs are dumb. But why? Well here are a few reasons:
1. INFPs need more time to think before they give a quality response.
It's sometimes problematic if a person catches an INFP off-guard. For example, INFPs aren't their best with impromptu questions. While INFPs are critical thinkers, they need more time to provide a concrete, consumable answer.
INFPs contemplate every aspect of the issue. I mean, every aspect. So when they're not given enough time to think about it, they may give out weak responses and people would assume stupidity.
2. Thoughts don't accurately translate to words.
Many INFPs aren't good verbal communicators. The paradise they want to describe from their mind would turn out a backyard garden in their words. They can't accurately translate what they're thinking. Therefore, it may sound awkward and people often misunderstand it.
In these cases, pen and paper are INFP's best friends. When they can't deliver a plan through words, they do relay it in more creative ways such as writing and arts.
3. Excessive self-consciousness may be an issue.
Some INFPs suffer from excessive self-consciousness. I did experience it, too, so I know how limiting it is.
Before I spoke my words, I overanalyze how to say them, I'm picky with my words, and the worst part, I overthink what people would think of me after. Excessive self-consciousness is paralyzing. Moreover, since INFPs are highly conscious of people, it delivers great fear on them.
INFPs may have a lot of ideas within them, but when excessive self-consciousness attacks, they would choose to stay in the corner and not draw any attention at all.
You may also like: How to Deal with Excessive Self-consciousness
In conclusion, I'd say INFPs are smart people. While INFP's outward appearance appears to be slow-witted, they actually carry collective and connected knowledge.
This love for learning and understanding makes INFPs perceive situations better. They empathize more and help other people with a strong sense of emotional familiarity. In a larger sense, it's what our world needs today – the capability to empathize and understand.
Thanks for reading. God bless!
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Daniel Bartholomew-Poyser clapping hands
Perfect Fifth of Diversity: A framework for self-assessment
At two recent OC member convenings, Orchestras Canada welcomed conductor Daniel Bartholomew-Poyser to talk about equity in the orchestra. Daniel is a member of the OC board, chair of our Equity Committee, and Artist-in-Residence and Community Ambassador with Symphony Nova Scotia. At these events, Daniel presented the Perfect Fifth of Diversity, a discussion tool for orchestras to use in considering their equity work.
As Daniel noted, diversity is going to look different in different communities; but for all organizations, there is a real opportunity to engage with people who don't yet feel welcome at the orchestra in a way that benefits all involved. To help clarify the starting place, Daniel proposes five questions for orchestras to consider.
1. Who is playing?
This element concerns your musicians, soloists and conductors. Most professional orchestras have an audition process during which applicants for tenure track positions play behind a screen for several rounds before their identity is revealed. Selection processes for music directors, soloists, and per service musicians take various shapes. And smaller budget groups may have more flexibility in their modes of casting. No matter what, are we ensuring that our selection processes address conscious or unconscious bias?
We also know that pathways to a career in classical music rely on early exposure, access to instruments, and inspiring teachers and role models, along with the financial resources to pursue serious study over many years. Auditions present financial barriers, as well, such as paying for flights, hotels, and extra lessons. In the USA, the Sphinx Organization in collaboration with the League of American Orchestras and the New World Symphony have started the National Alliance for Audition Support, a program that provides financial support to Black and Latinx musicians attending auditions.
2. Who is being played?
Does our programming reflect the communities we want to serve, as well as the musical traditions and inspirations we have historically celebrated? Do we want to program music of diverse styles, by a more diverse range of composers, including living, women, and Indigenous composers, and composers of colour? Some audiences are curious to hear works they don't know, and others will stay away. How do we balance comfort, tradition, and challenge, in a sustainable and artistically sound way? This would see the orchestra of the future both continuing to present beloved classics, and becoming a library of sound that puts itself at the service of diverse styles, traditions and communities.
3. Who is listening?
Are our audiences reflective of the community we are hoping to serve? We need to consider what the access point is for tickets to our concerts, and whether we are programming and marketing our concerts in a way that appeals to a diverse range of audiences. This element looks at how we are making our orchestra accessible to communities that are not only culturally diverse, but also diverse in terms of age, socio-economic status or spectrum-linked diversity. This is important both as a means of better serving our communities, and as a means of growing our audience.
4. Who is deciding?
We need to look at who is in positions of power at our organizations – in artistic leadership roles, in staff leadership roles, and on the board of directors. As well, from whom do we seek input, to ensure diverse perspectives in the decision-making process?
5. How is this being done?
A lot of orchestras' work in community engagement projects involves collaborating with non-traditional artists and community partners, and these projects present many opportunities for reflection on orchestral culture and approaches. How is power distributed between the music director, soloists and other collaborators in rehearsal and performance spaces? How do we approach time, and how do we make space for exploration in the context of an orchestral service? How might we collaborate in a way that nurtures and gives power to voices outside of the orchestra's traditional hierarchy?
The questions that Daniel is raising are deliberately non-prescriptive: each orchestra will need to answer these questions in its own way, and reach its own conclusions. Orchestras Canada is excited to be part of the discussion, and we look forward to hearing your thoughts!


Why move
What is being active and moving?
When we think about being active and moving, it is easy to start thinking it has to be something big like going to a gym or running a marathon. Whilst those things are great for some people, being active and moving more means different things to different people. The important thing is that being active and moving is right for you, is something you enjoy and that fits into your daily life.
Even little changes to your daily routines can have a big impact on you and the people around you such as walking more for short journeys instead of using the car or public transport.
Getting started
 - Try not to put too much pressure on yourself. Start with the small things and see how you get on.
 - Start with bursts of 10- minutes of being active such as a walk in the park, leaving the car for the school run, dancing in your living room or getting off the bus a stop earlier.
 - Try to get other people involved
 - Taking part in being active with other people always helps to keep you motivated.
 - Have fun, enjoy what you are doing and you will feel so much better for being active.
 - Be proud, wanting to move more to help your health is an amazing thing to do.
 - Every Move Counts!
A move can be anything
We all have different lifestyles and we are all different shapes and sizes. The important thing is to find the move that can fit around your daily life. We know how it feels to take the first step into moving more and that it can be a little daunting. It can be difficult to decide how you might want to move more but we can support you along your fitness journey.
Being active can be whatever you want it to be, it doesn't have to be hours of sweating for it to have huge benefits to you, feeling more energetic, having better sleep, being more confident, improved mood and generally feeling happy are signs of your becoming more active.
Becoming more active
Become more active with us, if you need support starting up contact us online
We understand that some people may need additional support to be active so if you have a long term health condition, find out more about how you can become active for health.


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AccelaCAPTURE, Your Electronic Superbill
AccelaCAPTURE™ replaces your paper encounter forms with an intelligent, electronic superbill deployed on a tablet, laptop or desktop PC. The fast capture form enables physicians to work as fast as paper while automating charge entry, providing faster practice throughput, preparing for ICD-10 and enabling digital routing within the medical office. Physician offices can transition to a digital paperless environment without having to change the way they operate now.
AccelaCAPTURE is a minimally invasive technology that can produce major results.
With AccelaCAPTURE, providers simply select diagnosis and procedures using a touch screen or mouse and utilize the notes section of the electronic encounter form for specific instructions to charge entry or front desk personnel. Once the provider completes each encounter, ePASS workflow software routes these charges through the powerful AccelaSMART charge resolution engine, validating compliance with Medicare CCI, Medical Necessity Guidelines, blended LCD's, and payor-specific guidelines. Each encounter form receives multilevel editing. As errors are identified, they are presented to coding staff along with recommendations for correction. Corrected charges or "clean claims" are then automatically uploaded into the practice management system.
- Protects physcian productivity
- Maintains familiar encounter form, but in electronic version
- Eliminates paper expense
- Makes ICD-10 a non-event for the physician
- Automates charge entry
- Eliminates lost or missing encounter forms
- Gives clinical and administrative staff electronic access to encounter forms
- Can be utilized simultaneously with EMR


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sense circuit which senses whether or not the portable computer 10 is in electrical engagement with the base station 31, results in setting the input to the chip 12 to change the degree of multiplication and thereby the clock rate at which the chip 12 operates.
Alternatively, such as schematically shown in FIG. 7, the portable computer 10 can have a first CPU chip 12 which operates at a low power and can have a second CPU chip 12 which operates at a high power mode (or any number of CPUs to operate in many different power modes). When the portable computer 10 is not in electrical engagement with the base station 31, the low power CPU chip 12 controls the function of the portable computer 10. When the portable computer 10 is inserted in electrical engagement with the base station 31, the high power chip controls the operation of the portable computer 10. The sense circuit which senses whether or not the portable computer 10 is inserted in electrical engagement with the base station 31 selects whether the high power mode chip or the low power mode chip controls the function of the portable computer 10.
In an alternative embodiment, the circuit which senses whether the portable computer 10 is in electrical engagement with the base station 31, can be in the base station 31. FIG. 8 schematically shows base station 31 in electrical engagement with portable computer 10 through electrical connection of electrical connector 412 on base station 31 to electrical connector 410 on portable computer 10. FIG. 8 also shows optional electrical connection of peripheral devices 414, 416 and 418 by electrical connections 420, 422 and 418, respectively to base station 31. The peripheral devices can be any devices, such as a keyboard, display, printer, LAN connection, modem, telephone system connection, and internet connection. Sense circuit 426 shown as a dashed box is optionally in base station 426. Base station 31 has thermal coupling 427 and portable computer has thermal coupling 428. Thermal couplings 427 and 428 are disengageable for thermally connecting and disconnecting base station 31 and portable computer 10. Examples of thermal couplings 427 and 428 are given above. When the portable computer 10 is engaged electrically with the base station 31, the sense circuit of the base station 31 sends a signal to the chip 12 through the electrical connection between the portable computer 10 and the base station 31. The signal places the chip 12 in the high power mode of operation or results in the selection of the high power mode chip. The sense circuit when it is in the portable computer 10 can optionally be on the chip 12 or is part of another component such as another chip which is electrically connected to the chip 12. Alternatively, a user of the system can, by entering an appropriately designed set of key strokes at the keyboard, change the mode of operation at which the chip 12 operates.
FIG. 9 shows portable computer 10 and base station 31. The base station 31 has its own CPU 430. The CPU 12 of the portable computer 10 can be a low power CPU which can control the function of portable computer 10 when it is not engaged in electrical connection with base station 31. Base station 31 can have its own CPU 430 which can be a high power CPU. Either base station 31 or portable computer 10 can have sense circuit to sense whether portable computer 10 is electrically engaged or not to base station 31. When the portable computer 10 is electrically engaged with base station 31, high power chip 430 controls the operation of portable computer 10. The circuitry to switch control from low power chip 12 to high power chip 430 can be either in the portable computer 10 or base station 31. Alternatively, chip 12 can be a chip as described above having at least a high and low power mode of operation. (Such a chip can have a plurality of modes of operation) and chip 430 can be a CPU chip sufficient to provide the base station 31 with minimal functionality or the chip 430 can have any desired degree of functionality. For purposes of minimal cost, chip 430 is preferably a chip which provides sufficient functionality to the base station 31 so that the base station 31 without the portable computer electrically engaged to it has a degree of functionality sufficient for the base station alone to provide a user with some useful function. For example, if a user forgets to bring the portable computer to the location of base station 31 such as when a user brings portable computer 10 home from the user's office and forgets to bring the portable computer 10 back to the office when the user returns to the office, base station 31 alone provides the user with some limited functions. An exemplary list of limited functions which the base station 31 alone can provide are e-mail access, connection to the internet and word processing capability. Such a base station permits a user to perform work assignments without the full work station capability provided by the portable computer-base station combination.
Additionally, the power mode of CPU 12 or CPU 426 can be controlled by the temperature of the CPU. The clock throttling signal and/or clock frequency can be adjusted to run the CPU according to the maximum allowable temperature of the CPU as described above and provided by Intel® Chip 82371AB.
While this invention has been described in terms of certain embodiment thereof, it is not intended that it be limited to the above description, but rather only to the extent set forth in the following claims. The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined in the appended claims. The teaching of all references cited herein are incorporated herein by reference.


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Two medical education groups and 130 medical schools signed on to First Lady Michelle Obama's initiative to "train the nation's physicians to meet the unique healthcare needs of the military and veterans' communities," the White House announced recently. The schools pledged to do in-depth research into post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and traumatic brain injuries (TBI) and to teach medical students and physicians to "better diagnose and treat our veterans and military families," according to the announcement. "By directing some of our brightest minds, our most cutting-edge research, and our finest teaching institutions toward our military families, they're ensuring that those who have served our country receive the first-rate care that they have earned," Obama said.
Speaking at Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Obama said that the American Association of Medical Colleges and the American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine have pledged to devote research, education and clinical care to address military service members' crucial healthcare needs.
The initiative is part of the Joining Forces campaign, an effort by the first lady and Dr. Jill Biden that focuses on issues that affect veterans and their families. Obama cited some examples already are underway at universities, including VCU, which has undertaken a project to provide resources and training to healthcare providers, volunteers and community members across Virginia to help veterans. Similarly, University of Pittsburgh researchers are developing a new imaging tool that lets physicians see high-definition views of the brain's wiring. This can help diagnose a TBI. And the University of South Florida is working with the VA and the Department of Defense to create a Center for Veterans Reintegration – a research, treatment and education center for veterans and their families.
"Today the nation's medical colleges are committing to create a new generation of doctors, medical schools and research facilities to make sure our heroes receive the care worthy of their military service," Obama said. The idea behind Joining Forces is extremely simple, Obama said. "In a time of war, when our troops and their families are sacrificing so much, we all should be doing everything we can to serve them as well as they are serving this country," she added. "It's an obligation that extends to every single American. And, it's an obligation that does not end when a war ends and troops return home. In many ways, that's when it begins."
Mrs. Obama said she became aware of this when she and President Barack Obama welcomed the final troops home from Iraq last month. "I couldn't shake the feeling that even though we were marking the end of the war, this was not an ending for them. For our troops, the end of war marks the beginning of a very long period of transition," she said. Frequently, the transitions from war to home "bring the hardest moments our troops and their families will ever face," she added.
It is estimated that one in six of Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans come home with post-traumatic stress disorder or depression, and at least 4,000 have had at least a moderate-grade brain injury, Mrs. Obama said, noting that many avoid seeking help because of what they perceive as a stigma. "I want to be very clear today: these mental health challenges are not a sign of weakness," she said. "They should never again be a source of shame. They are a natural reaction to the challenges of war, and it has been that way throughout the ages."
Obama thanked the troops and their families for their service, and noted that anyone experiencing mental health difficulties should not be ashamed. "Seek help, don't bury it," she said. "Asking for help is a sign of strength." The Pentagon estimates that nearly 213,000 military personnel have suffered traumatic brain injuries in Iraq and Afghanistan since 2000.
A previous report by the Rand Corp. think tank estimated that 300,000 veterans of both conflicts suffered PTSD or major depression. Less than 50 percent had sought treatment for PTSD over the previous year and approximately 60 percent of those reporting a probable brain injury had not been evaluated by a physician for one. "This is a long-term issue for the nation," said Brad Cooper, the executive director of Joining Forces.
"Those of us who have never experienced war will never be able to fully understand the true emotional costs," Mrs. Obama said. "PTSD, TBI, depression and any other combat-related mental health issue should never again be a source of shame."
Although the military has strong support systems and personnel trained in combat-related mental health issues, more than half of veterans seek treatment in their hometowns, outside the military and the Department of Veterans Affairs, Mrs. Obama said. The new initiative aims at assuring that all civilian physicians have access to information on those issues.
"Everyone is stepping up," Mrs. Obama said while praising the ongoing work of researchers at the colleges involved in the initiative. She said the will to help veterans is strong and goes beyond Veterans Day parades and rallies on Fort Bragg. Obama said the "hidden wounds" faced by many veterans are the "most difficult struggle they will face." She said it was imperative for the nation's physicians to understand the mental health challenges involved. "Mere words and anecdotes don't do any of this justice," she said.


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Getting a job is a major concern for young Australians. Last year's National Survey of Young Australians showed a large rise in the proportion of young people valuing getting a job, from 16% in 2010 to 22.7% in 2011. The recently launched 2012 Youth Survey, which focused on young people aged 15 to 19, suggests that some need to find work to help pay for household bills, school books and other necessities.
For many young people, getting a full-time job or even enough part-time work is a challenge.
Youth underemployment is in part linked to long-term changes to the labour force, as well as more recent instability in the wake of the GFC.
For growing numbers of young people, the transition from school to work will involve one or more part-time jobs. The 2012 edition of How Young People Are Faring, published by the Foundation for Young Australians (FYA), indicates that the number of teenagers in part-time work and who were not in education increased from 8.7% in 1986 to 30% in 2012. The proportion has more than doubled for 20 to 24 year-olds from 8.3% to just over 19% during the same period. This reflects a long‐term pattern of replacement of full-time employment with more part‐time jobs within the teen and young adult labour markets.
ABS data indicates that in 2011, a third of the 814,700 part-time workers who would prefer to work more hours was aged 15 to 24 years. While just under half of those aged 15-19 years preferred to work less than 30 hours per week, around 28% of underemployed part-time workers in this age group had insufficient work for a year or more.
Beyond the GFC
Teenagers face particular challenges. As the FYA report suggests, more than one in five teenagers not engaged in education indicated they were trying to find full-time work. But the number of teenagers in full-time employment has declined from almost 550,000 in 1981 to almost 200,000 in 2012. A large proportion of this drop can be accounted for by the growth in the numbers staying in school. However, this decline in full-time work has implications for those teenagers not in study or training. Combined with higher unemployment rates than other age groups, these labour force trends signal a labour market in which youth unemployment and involuntary part-time work continues to be significant.
The concentration of young people in part-time work in Australia includes a significant proportion in involuntary part-time work. The OECD defines involuntary part-time work as comprising: those who usually work full-time but who are working part-time because of economic slack (i.e. unused proportion of economic capacity); those working part-time but have fewer hours in their jobs because of economic slack; and those working part-time because full-time work can't be found.
According to this data, the share of involuntary part-timers aged 15-24 in the labour force was just over 13% in 2011. The percentage of involuntary part-time workers has at times been higher in Australia during the last decade compared to some other OECD countries for which comparable data are available. The share of involuntary part-timers aged 15-24 as a percentage of part-time employment was just under 35% in 2011, compared to 4.8% in Norway.
While these figures serve as a starting point for understanding the challenges of youth underemployment, they are by no means perfect indicators. (The measure of "involuntary part-time work" is itself contested.) They do not necessarily capture the acute challenges facing certain young people in the Australian labour force – in particular, teenagers who have left school and young women in general. School leavers who want full-time work, but have to take part-time jobs instead, can remain vulnerable to marginalisation from secure work for years.
Some research suggests that amongst those in part-time work, many women in their late teens would prefer to work more hours but do not have opportunities to do so.
Snakes and ladders
While part-time work is important to the personal development of young people in that it gives them key life-experience and material gains, it may not be a stepping stone to full-time work. The evidence suggests that teenagers in part-time jobs are only slightly more likely to move into full-time employment than those who are unemployed. A major concern is for those who are discouraged by the inability to get sufficient work and give up looking. Combine this with significant levels of long-term youth unemployment (notably that between 2008 and 2011 the percentage of young Australians without a job for a year or more nearly doubled) and this concern is intensified considerably.
The proportion of part-time workers who are underemployed generally decreases as they get older, but the experience of insecurity or dissatisfaction with working life during these formative years is not without negative consequences. I have written elsewhere in The Conversation about some of the impact of the fluidity of working life on young people. With part-time work comes instability and difficulty in planning ahead socially, financially or to start a family because of the fluidity of contemporary working life. Young people, like most, seek security, connection and a sense of where they are going in life.
Compelling young people to stay in school or post school study and training — though beneficial for most — isn't enough. Particular challenges confront those living in regional and remote areas and those experiencing disadvantage, in which the risk of marginalisation is often concentrated.
It has been suggested, rather too casually I think, that young people should migrate to where the work is. This strikes at real and complex tensions, between addressing the challenges of marginalisation by those who never move beyond their suburb and the socioeconomic disadvantage associated with their marginalisation, and the idea that we reduce success in life to being economically "fit for purpose".
The evidence indicates that young people see more to life than fulfilling economic need or the product of "slack". (Data from the World Values Survey, for example, indicated that three quarters of young adults prioritised the need to protect the environment over economic growth. Although, concern amongst teenagers appears to have fallen significantly since 2011 according to the 2012 Youth Survey, which found a substantial number nominating 'the economy and financial matters' over the environment as a major issue of national importance.) I think that many of us abhor the idea that mobility is dictated exclusively by labour market need and relentless economic growth. The challenges of underemployment must therefore be located in a richer world of values, contexts, expectations and possibilities for young people to participate in the economy and society of the 21st century. Connection and belonging are foundational to individual and social well-being.
More than their marks
There is another possible dimension to underemployment that provides food for thought. During the last few years, national school retention levels reached the highest levels ever recorded. Participation in study by degrees continues to rise, as many other forms of education and training fall. But an interesting trend identified by the COAG Reform Council is that since 2008 the proportion of people with higher-level qualifications has increased significantly across the working age population except 20 to 24-year-olds.
The data behind this are difficult to interpret because many are still studying or taking a gap year (amongst other reasons), but as a recent article by Lenore Taylor in The Age suggests, the current policy focus on getting more young people into earning or learning is not hitting all of its marks. And in an economy that is placing a higher premium on certain knowledge and skills, what will become of those for whom higher education is not the preferred pathway and for whom full-time work remains elusive?


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Doctor of Philosophy
Electrical and Computer Engineering
Dr. Ilia Polushin
Dr. Rajni Patel
Robot-Assisted Minimally Invasive Surgical (RAMIS) systems frequently have a structure of cooperative teleoperator systems where multiple master-slave pairs are used to collaboratively execute a task. Although multiple studies indicate that haptic feedback improves the realism of tool-tissue interaction to the surgeon and leads to better performance for surgical procedures, current telesurgical systems typically do not provide force feedback, mainly because of the inherent stability issues. The research presented in this thesis is directed towards the development of control algorithms for force reflecting cooperative surgical teleoperator systems with improved stability and transparency characteristics. In the case of cooperative force reflecting teleoperation over networks, conventional passivity based approaches may have limited applicability due to potentially non-passive slave-slave interactions and irregular communication delays imposed by the network. In this thesis, an alternative small gain framework for the design of cooperative network-based force reflecting teleoperator systems is developed. Using the small gain framework, control algorithms for cooperative force-reflecting teleoperator systems are designed that guarantee stability in the presence of multiple network-induced communication constraints. Furthermore, the design conservatism typically associated with the small-gain approach is eliminated by using the Projection-Based Force Reflection (PBFR) algorithms. Stability results are established for networked cooperative teleoperator systems under different types of force reflection algorithms in the presence of irregular communication delays. The proposed control approach is consequently implemented on a dual-arm (two masters/two slaves) robotic MIS testbed. The testbed consists of two Haptic Wand devices as masters and two PA10-7C robots as the slave manipulators equipped with da Vinci laparoscopic surgical instruments. The performance of the proposed control approach is evaluated in three different cooperative surgical tasks, which are knot tightening, pegboard transfer, and object manipulation. The experimental results obtained indicate that the PBFR algorithms demonstrate statistically significant performance improvement in comparison with the conventional direct force reflection algorithms. One possible shortcoming of using PBFR algorithms is that implementation of these algorithms may lead to attenuation of the high-frequency component of the contact force which is important, in particular, for haptic perception of stiff surfaces. In this thesis, a solution to this problem is proposed which is based on the idea of separating the different frequency bands in the force reflection signal and consequently applying the projection-based principle to the low-frequency component, while reflecting the high-frequency component directly. The experimental results demonstrate that substantial improvement in transient fidelity of the force feedback is achieved using the proposed method without negative effects on the stability of the system.
Takhmar, Amir, "Control of Cooperative Haptics-Enabled Teleoperation Systems with Application to Minimally Invasive Surgery" (2014). Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository. 1899.


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SqlDataSource.ConflictDetection Property
Gets or sets the value indicating how the SqlDataSource control performs updates and deletes when data in a row in the underlying database changes during the time of the operation.
Namespace: System.Web.UI.WebControls
Assembly: System.Web (in System.Web.dll)
public ConflictOptions ConflictDetection { get; set; }
Property Value
Type: System.Web.UI.ConflictOptions
One of the ConflictOptions values. The default is the ConflictOptions.OverwriteChanges value.
The ConflictDetection property determines whether parameters for old and new values are applied to the Update method. For example, if the command that is specified by the SelectCommand property returns a DataTable object with the columns Name and Number and the ConflictDetection property is set to the OverwriteChanges value, parameters are created for Name and Number for the Update method. If the ConflictDetection property is set to the CompareAllValues value, parameters are created for Name, Number, original_Name, and original_Number. (The exact name of the parameters for the original values depends on the OldValuesParameterFormatString property.) The SqlDataSource control then determines if the Update method that is specified in the UpdateCommand property has parameters that match.
Concurrency control is a technique that data stores use to control how data is read and changed in the store when multiple clients are accessing and manipulating the same data. For example, one client reads data and presents it to a user, while another client reads the same data, and presents it to a different user. If both users update the data and submit it to the data storage, some unexpected result might occur, because both clients might update different values for the same data. This is considered a conflict. By setting the ConflictDetection property to the CompareAllValues value, your Update method can then compare the old and new values to the original data source to detect conflicts and handle them, as necessary.
The ConflictDetection property delegates to the ConflictDetection property of the SqlDataSourceView object that is associated with the SqlDataSource control.
.NET Framework
Supported in: 4, 3.5, 3.0, 2.0
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Think Again: Walt Disney Imagineering, NASA space travel
What do Walt Disney Imagineering and NASA space travel have in common? Engineering inspiration.
Ingredients of engineering inspiration, for Walt Disney Imagineering (WDI), include 140 skill sets and a mission to entertain. For NASA, engineering inspiration resulted from getting humans to and from space safely, with a mission in-between.
WDI engineering advice
At Disney, imagination and engineering combine in magical ways thanks to creative design, research and development, and more than 30 years of embracing a culture of innovation and technology. David R. Van Wyk, vice president, project management, Walt Disney Imagineering, asked an audience at the Siemens 2011 Automation Summit conference in June: "How can we be as relevant tomorrow as we are today? How can we meet and exceed guest expectations in a changing world? Could we be the typewriter of the next generation?" Substitute the word "customer" or "client" for guest, and nearly any engineer can glean advice from this.
To help engineer the next level of success in guest entertainment, Van Wyk said Imagineering:
- Incorporates skill sets of 140 disciplines, including engineers, creative staff, artists, architects, accountants, writers, theme and new media specialists, and more. A culture of interdisciplinary coordination with diverse stakeholders aims to interact and socialize to understand issues and problems.
- Tells a sweeping story, immersing the guest, whatever age, in the experience. Connecting with guests helps in that effort.
- Pays attention to details. A famous Walt Disney saying is that a guest may not notice a specific (sometimes tiny) detail, but he or she will notice when the detail isn't there.
- Cultivates a culture of ideas and helps talented, creative people use new tools to do so. At Disney that includes "blue sky development," where an idea comes to life in a virtual world to see how elements interact, for better understanding, collaboration, planning, and development.
- Resolves issues earlier in the engineering-design process, when it's more economical to make changes, especially those involving equipment.
- Aims to adapt, modify, renew, and reinvent.
- Looks at products, processes, and people with sustainable design, driven by diversity and partners of choice.
- Seeks to incorporate more peer review earlier in the engineering-design process.
- Recognizes higher complexities required for a more sophisticated audience and expects to incorporate higher productivity tools in design and construction, including building information modeling (BIM), to preserve and adapt prior designs where it make sense.
- Looks for on-time delivery, getting it right before it gets to the field, with a strong start, strong finish, and careful resource allocation.
- Gains expertise through partnering, ensuring that stakeholders embrace objectives of predictability, collaboration, impeccable coordination, reduced decision latency, collective quality, and just-in-time delivery. That means tracking costs closely, including stakeholders in collaboration.
- Considers quality up front and asks supply chain partners to ensure they have quality assurance programs, ensuring the first conversation on the topic isn't after something has gone wrong.
- Understands that lowest cost can translate into higher costs if other elements of a partnership aren't right.
NASA's engineering inspiration: priceless
With the Space Shuttle program retired after 30 years, NASA is without funding for putting humans in low earth orbit (left to the Russians and to the private sector). Nor does NASA have funding for continuing the work on its already-begun deep space human exploration program.
While there are many direct technological benefits to putting humans in space—and practical reasons to use robotic space exploration—inspiring new engineering talent is among NASA's largest contributions.
What won't be engineered in the future because young people today, uninspired with NASA's lack of funding, will choose another career? What do you think?
Think Again - ONLINE extra
- Let your government know what you think
- Benefits of the Space Shuttle Era
- Automation and Ethernet combine for 3D Disney attraction
- About Walt Disney Imagineering
And, if you need more surreal inspiration, there's always this...
|Search the online Automation Integrator Guide|
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Dynamic keyword insertion (DKI) is a process which lets advertisers dynamically insert keywords into their advertisement texts; this helps their advertisements to perform better in search engine results pages (SERPs).
It is a targeting strategy which allows businesses to tailor their advertisements to each individual user, ensuring that the advertisement is relevant and engaging. This is done by automatically replacing specific phrases in the advertisement copy with user-defined keywords; this method helps to ensure that users are presented with the most relevant adverts when they search on a particular keyword.
The basic premise of dynamic keyword insertion is that businesses create a template advertisement which includes keywords that they know potential customers may be searching for. When an individual searches using a keyword they have specified, the advertisement is displayed with that keyword inserted in the text. This helps the advertiser to reach more potential customers, as the keyword used by the user will be dynamically inserted in the advertisement text and be relevant to the user's search term.
For example, if a business is advertising for lawn mowers and the keyword in their advertisement is "lawn mower", then when a user searches for "lawn mowers", their advertisement will appear with "lawn mowers" inserted in the text. This helps the business to target potential customers who are searching for lawn mowers, ensuring their advertisement is relevant to the user's search query and will be more successful in attracting clicks.
When using dynamic keyword insertion, there are several things businesses should bear in mind and adhere to. Firstly, the keywords used in dynamic keyword insertion must be relevant to the advertisement and the services or products being promoted; using irrelevant keywords can lead to user dissatisfaction and cause your advertisement to be less successful. Secondly, businesses should keep the maximum characters for their advertisement texts in mind, as dynamic keywords which are too long may cause the advertisement to exceed the character limit and be rejected by the SERPs.
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Another important best practice to consider when using dynamic keyword insertion is that it is best to use a generic term or phrase in the template text, rather than an exact keyword or phrase. This helps to ensure that the text of your advertisement remains relevant, regardless of which keyword the user searches for. It also helps to keep your advertisement from becoming repetitive, as the same exact phrase or keyword may be searched more than once.
It is also important to ensure that the keywords you are targeting with dynamic keyword insertion have sufficient daily search volume. Keywords which do not have enough search volume may appear in the advertisement, but they are unlikely to attract clicks.
Failing to use dynamic keyword insertion correctly may result in your advertisement appearing with irrelevant keywords or unable to appear at all in searchers. Therefore, it is important to ensure that you fully understand the concept of using dynamic keyword insertion before using it in your advertisement campaigns.
Last but not least, it is recommended to use a monitoring tool to track how your advertisements are performing in response to dynamic keyword insertion. This will allow you to quickly identify any issues and take the necessary action to improve the performance of your campaigns.


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Black Athena_ The Afroasiatic Roots of Classical Civilization _ Vol. II – The Archaeological and Documentary Evidence
Winner of the American Book Award, 1990.
This volume is the second in a projected four-part series concerned with the competition between two historical models for the origins of Greek civilization. The model current today is the Aryan Model, according to which Greek culture arose as the result of the conquest from the north by Indo-European speakers or "Aryans" of the native "pre-Hellenes." The Ancient Model, which was the model maintained in Classical Greece, held that the native population of Greece had initially been civilized by Egyptian and Phoenician colonists and that more Near Eastern culture had been introduced to Greece by Greeks studying in Egypt and Southwest Asia. In these and later volumes, Martin Bernal proposes a Revised Ancient Model. According to this, the Indo-European aspects of Greek language and culture should be recognized as fundamental and the considerable non-Indo-European elements should be seen largely as Egyptian and Levantine additions to this basis.
Volume II is concerned with the archaeological and documentary evidence for contacts between Egypt and the Levant on the one hand and the Aegean on the other, during the Bronze Age from c. 3400 B.C. to c. 1100 B.C. These approaches are supplemented by information from later Greek myths, legends, religious cults, and language. The author concludes that contact between the two regions was far more extensive and influential than is generally believed. In the introduction to this volume, Bernal also responds to some reviews and criticisms of Volume I of Black Athena.


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1. For the transport of the aluminum plate, it must be strictly forbidden to push, pull, draw and so on, which can easily cause the damage or scratch of the layout. Try to lift the four sides of the aluminum alloy plate at the same time, so that the plate can not be easily damaged.
Two. During the placement of the aluminum plate, we must pay attention to not being put together with any chemical or damp material, which can cause corrosion easily.
Three, during the transportation process, the aluminum alloy plate should be covered with standard cloth, so that it can avoid the invasion of rain or snow and frost, and cause the surface damage of products to varying degrees.
Four, for the long-term placement of aluminum alloy plate manufacturers, we must keep dry, ventilated, bright and non corrosive environmental conditions, so as to maintain the performance and quality of aluminum plates.
Five. For the placement of aluminum alloy plate, it is necessary to clean and clean regularly, so that the excess dust and sundries can not be attached to the surface of the aluminum plate for a long time.
四川11选5 Six, the aluminum plate manufacturer put up a suggestion here that it is best to point out some isolating material when placing it and isolate the aluminum plate from the ground. It is usually kept at a distance of about ten centimeters, so that the aluminum plate will not be affected by the humidity of the ground, thus maintaining the quality and performance.


open source distribution.
The same API is also designed for using the engine in a SyncML server, but this part of the API is not completely implemented at this time. The code for the server role exists and is used in Synthesis' server products. It is mostly identical with the code that is used by clients.
The engine uses the same XML-based configuration mechanism in both roles. Data format support is not hard-coded in the engine. Instead, the XML configuration defines datatypes and their mapping to the standard formats. So, when using Synthesis for both client and server, the definition of a custom data format has to be written only once. The engine can automatically store data defined this way in a relational database using the Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) API, so it might not even be necessary to write C or C++ code.
Because of the shared engine, clients automatically have some of the features normally found only in SyncML servers, like interpreting device information and intelligently updating only those properties of an item really supported by a peer. With well written peers, this goes a long way towards solving problems four (making assumptions about the peer) and five (getting incomplete items back). For cases where the information provided by a peer is insufficient, the engine also has possibilities for making item parsing and generation depend, for example, on the peer name and/or firmware version.
The engine itself does not implement a particular message transport, which minimizes system dependencies and allows adding custom transports without changing the engine. The client calling the engine is responsible for receiving messages, which are then processed by the engine, and for sending messages generated by the engine. SyncEvolution provides that part for HTTP(S), using either libsoup or libcurl, depending on how it was configured during compilation. It also provides a command line tool, which configures a client and runs a sync session, something which is currently missing in the Synthesis open source release itself. The SyncEvolution 0.9 beta 1 source tar ball includes a copy of the engine source and compiles everything with one "configure; make; make install" invocation. This is the most convenient way of getting started using the source code.
Originally, SyncEvolution was a tool for the Evolution mail and PIM application, but it was always meant to be more flexible and can be compiled without depending on Evolution or GNOME. The Evolution backend is just one of many. Plain files (used for KDE synchronization) and Mac OS X Address Book are also supported. More backends could be added as described in a blog article. The file backend synchronizes files inside a directory and is portable, so it can always be compiled. When adding these backends, your author dodged the bullet of having to rename the project by reinterpreting the name as "SyncEvolution - the missing link"….
Another important component of SyncEvolution is a CPPUnit-based testing system, which runs local database access tests, as well as integration tests with real SyncML servers. With the help of the "synccompare" comparison tool, it checks for data modifications when importing and exporting items locally and sending items back and forth.
Data Modeling and Handling
After introducing Synthesis and SyncEvolution, there is still the question: how are the tricky PIM data handling issues solved?
At the core of each kind of data (contacts, calendar items, notes) is a Synthesis "field list". This list has to define the information that the engine is expected to handle for each item completely.; Iinformation which is not declared will be ignored, and may be removed when modifying data locally. The format of a field list is a more or less flat key/value mapping with unique keys, which is easier to process than complex structured information, like a vCard. Items are exchanged between the engine and DB plug-ins as one field list per item. This allows interfacing with local data storage without having to deal with the more complex formats. In cases where the local storage is based on these formats, it is also possible to ask the engine to exchange the data as a string. This is how SyncEvolution backends operate. They cannot access the field list given the current SyncEvolution API, but this could be added.
Each key refers to a value of a certain built-in type, or arrays of such values for properties which can occur multiple times. Arrays of complex types and multi-dimensional arrays are avoided.
A complete description of the format is available in the "XML Configuration Reference for Synthesis SyncML Server&Client Products". Here is a simplified example from the "syncclient_sample_config.xml":

The names can be chosen arbitrarily. The "compare" attribute determines how the engine uses the field when comparing items. I: in this example, the full name is used as the primary key to find matches during a slow sync (problem one). The other properties are only used only when resolving conflicting changes during an incremental sync. Individual fields can be configured in a similar way to handle merging.
There are many different supported types. The "telephone" type, in this example, is different from "string" because the comparison is relaxed and only uses relevant digits (ignores separators like spaces, dashes, or slashes).
The conversion to and from external, standardized formats is again entirely driven by the XML configuration. A "mimeprofile" defines how these fields map to properties in a vCard. Both the standardized MIME profile and the slightly different legacy vCard 2.1 and vCalendar 1.0 formats are supported. In addition, plain text and RFC 822 mail formats are supported. Other formats like XML are possible, but have not been implemented.
Simple properties have a 1:1 mapping to fields. More complex properties, like the one which lists name components in a vCard, map to multiple fields. Repeating properties like phone numbers map to arrays. The same profile can be used for legacy and standard formats and for different peers, by enabling or disabling properties depending on the context in which the profile is used. Therefore there are two ways to define different external representations: it is possible to disable parts of a profile conditionally as define multiple profiles which use the same field list. Then data conversion is done by parsing with one profile and encoding with another.
The semantic associated with a profile definition is sufficient to generate the SyncML Device Information from that profile automatically. When receiving data, the engine uses the peer's Device Information to determine which properties in the profile are supported by the peer and only modifies those locally. This way, fields which are not supported by a profile (no mapping) or not supported by a peer (mapping not enabled) are preserved when receiving an update (problem five).
There are cases that even the rather flexible profiles cannot handle. For these cases, the engine invokes scripts defined in the XML configuration for specific situations, like post-processing an item just received from a peer. Such a script has access to global variables of the session, as well as the field list. For example, this script sanitizes summary and description of an event by stripping trailing and leading spaces with the help of a built-in function:
Open Issues + Ideas
High on the list of items to work on next is to integrate a SyncML server into the Linux desktop. Synthesis offers a "traditional" http server for Linux and Windows, but this is designed for interaction with remote devices over the Internet. For a local desktop, Bluetooth is perhaps more important. Such a desktop server could also offer a GUI that the user can use to control it and interactively influence its operation. During merge operations, current Internet-based SyncML servers are limited to executing hard coded heuristics and have the difficult choice between duplicating or dropping information. A local server could ask the user to help with merging conflicting items.
The data conversion routines in the Synthesis Engine are currently tied to a SyncML session context. After some non-trivial, but doable, code refactoring, these routines could also be exposed as a set of simple API calls. This may be useful in various projects, like OpenSync.
The goal is to continue with SyncEvolution and Synthesis, not just as open source, but also as open projects, with as much communication on public channels as possible. We are actively seeking involvement and feedback as we get these projects going.


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Let X be a (finite dimensional) manifold. Consider smooth mapping space $$PX = C^\infty(I, X)$$ where I = [0,1] is the closed interval. Is this space paracompact? What if we fix a point x in X and consider the pointed path space, is this space paracompact?
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What topology do you want on $C^\infty(I,X)$? One natural topology, the one of uniform convergence of all derivatives, is metrizable, so paracompact.
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