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A Guide To Different Types Of Barstools And Counter Stools-5g (beautiful Metal And Leather Bar Stools #6)
A Guide To Different Types Of Barstools And Counter Stools-5g (beautiful Metal And Leather Bar Stools #6) Photos Gallery
Guideguide (gīd),USA pronunciation v., guid•ed, guid•ing, n.
- to assist (a person) to travel through, or reach a destination in, an unfamiliar area, as by accompanying or giving directions to the person: He guided us through the forest.
- to accompany (a sightseer) to show points of interest and to explain their meaning or significance.
- to force (a person, object, or animal) to move in a certain path.
- to supply (a person) with advice or counsel, as in practical or spiritual affairs.
- to supervise (someone's actions or affairs) in an advisory capacity.
- a person who guides, esp. one hired to guide travelers, tourists, hunters, etc.
- a mark, tab, or the like, to catch the eye and thus provide quick reference.
- a guidebook.
- a book, pamphlet, etc., giving information, instructions, or advice;
handbook: an investment guide.
- a guidepost.
- a device that regulates or directs progressive motion or action: a sewing-machine guide.
- a spirit believed to direct the utterances of a medium.
- a member of a group marching in formation who sets the pattern of movement or alignment for the rest.
Toto (to̅o̅; unstressed tŏŏ, tə),USA pronunciation prep.
- (used for expressing motion or direction toward a point, person, place, or thing approached and reached, as opposed to from): They came to the house.
- (used for expressing direction or motion or direction toward something) in the direction of;
toward: from north to south.
- (used for expressing limit of movement or extension): He grew to six feet.
- (used for expressing contact or contiguity) on;
upon: a right uppercut to the jaw; Apply varnish to the surface.
- (used for expressing a point of limit in time) before;
until: to this day; It is ten minutes to six. We work from nine to five.
- (used for expressing aim, purpose, or intention): going to the rescue.
- (used for expressing destination or appointed end): sentenced to jail.
- (used for expressing agency, result, or consequence): to my dismay; The flowers opened to the sun.
- (used for expressing a resulting state or condition): He tore it to pieces.
- (used for expressing the object of inclination or desire): They drank to her health.
- (used for expressing the object of a right or claim): claimants to an estate.
- (used for expressing limit in degree, condition, or amount): wet to the skin; goods amounting to $1000; Tomorrow's high will be 75 to 80°.
- (used for expressing addition or accompaniment) with: He added insult to injury. They danced to the music. Where is the top to this box?
- (used for expressing attachment or adherence): She held to her opinion.
- (used for expressing comparison or opposition): inferior to last year's crop; The score is eight to seven.
- (used for expressing agreement or accordance) according to;
by: a position to one's liking; to the best of my knowledge.
- (used for expressing reference, reaction, or relation): What will he say to this?
- (used for expressing a relative position): parallel to the roof.
- (used for expressing a proportion of number or quantity) in;
making up: 12 to the dozen; 20 miles to the gallon.
- (used for indicating the indirect object of a verb, for connecting a verb with its complement, or for indicating or limiting the application of an adjective, noun, or pronoun): Give it to me. I refer to your work.
- (used as the ordinary sign or accompaniment of the infinitive, as in expressing motion, direction, or purpose, in ordinary uses with a substantive object.)
- raised to the power indicated: Three to the fourth is 81( 34 = 81).
- toward a point, person, place, or thing, implied or understood.
- toward a contact point or closed position: Pull the door to.
- toward a matter, action, or work: We turned to with a will.
- into a state of consciousness;
out of unconsciousness: after he came to.
- to and fro. See fro (def. 2).
Differentdif•fer•ent (dif′ər ənt, dif′rənt),USA pronunciation adj.
- not alike in character or quality;
dissimilar: The two are different.
- not identical;
separate or distinct: three different answers.
several: Different people told me the same story.
- not ordinary;
Ofof1 (uv, ov; unstressed əv or, esp. before consonants, ə),USA pronunciation prep.
- (used to indicate distance or direction from, separation, deprivation, etc.): within a mile of the church; south of Omaha; to be robbed of one's money.
- (used to indicate derivation, origin, or source): a man of good family; the plays of Shakespeare; a piece of cake.
- (used to indicate cause, motive, occasion, or reason): to die of hunger.
- (used to indicate material, component parts, substance, or contents): a dress of silk; a book of poems; a package of cheese.
- (used to indicate apposition or identity): Is that idiot of a salesman calling again?
- (used to indicate specific identity or a particular item within a category): the city of Chicago; thoughts of love.
- (used to indicate possession, connection, or association): the king of France; the property of the church.
- (used to indicate inclusion in a number, class, or whole): one of us.
- (used to indicate the objective relation, the object of the action noted by the preceding noun or the application of a verb or adjective): the ringing of bells; He writes her of home; I'm tired of working.
- (used to indicate reference or respect): There is talk of peace.
- (used to indicate qualities or attributes): an ambassador of remarkable tact.
- (used to indicate a specified time): They arrived of an evening.
- [Chiefly Northern U.S.]before the hour of;
until: twenty minutes of five.
- on the part of: It was very mean of you to laugh at me.
- in respect to: fleet of foot.
- set aside for or devoted to: a minute of prayer.
- [Archaic.]by: consumed of worms.
Andand (and; unstressed ənd, ən, or, esp. after a homorganic consonant, n),USA pronunciation conj.
- (used to connect grammatically coordinate words, phrases, or clauses) along or together with;
as well as;
in addition to;
moreover: pens and pencils.
- added to;
plus: 2 and 2 are 4.
- then: He read for an hour and went to bed.
- also, at the same time: to sleep and dream.
- then again;
repeatedly: He coughed and coughed.
- (used to imply different qualities in things having the same name): There are bargains and bargains, so watch out.
- (used to introduce a sentence, implying continuation) also;
then: And then it happened.
- [Informal.]to (used between two finite verbs): Try and do it. Call and see if she's home yet.
- (used to introduce a consequence or conditional result): He felt sick and decided to lie down for a while. Say one more word about it and I'll scream.
on the contrary: He tried to run five miles and couldn't. They said they were about to leave and then stayed for two more hours.
- (used to connect alternatives): He felt that he was being forced to choose between his career and his family.
- (used to introduce a comment on the preceding clause): They don't like each other--and with good reason.
- [Archaic.]if: and you please.Cf. an2.
- and so forth, and the like;
et cetera: We discussed traveling, sightseeing, and so forth.
- and so on, and more things or others of a similar kind;
and the like: It was a summer filled with parties, picnics, and so on.
- an added condition, stipulation, detail, or particular: He accepted the job, no ands or buts about it.
- conjunction (def. 5b).
Countercount•er1 (koun′tər),USA pronunciation n.
- a table or display case on which goods can be shown, business transacted, etc.
- (in restaurants, luncheonettes, etc.) a long, narrow table with stools or chairs along one side for the patrons, behind which refreshments or meals are prepared and served.
- a surface for the preparation of food in a kitchen, esp. on a low cabinet.
- anything used in keeping account, as a disk of metal or wood, used in some games, as checkers, for marking a player's position or for keeping score.
- an imitation coin or token.
- a coin;
- over the counter:
- (of the sale of stock) through


Unit 2 Bk 2-Presentation
Category: Education
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World Link :
World Link UNIT 2 LET'S EAT
Slide 2:
Contents: Topic: Food Vocabulary: Adjectives describing foods; restaurants experiences Grammar: The comparative and superlative form of adjectives. Functions: Offering and Suggesting
Slide 5:
Foods we like
Slide 6:
MORE ADJECTIVES: Hot Bitter (acid) Tasty: delicious Rich Appetizing/ unappetizing Peppery (spicy) Savory/sweet Stale (not fresh) Raw (uncooked)
Unit 2 Page 12 Lesson A: Vocabulary Link :
Unit 2 Page 12 Lesson A: Vocabulary Link
Slide 8:
v delicious, crispy, juicy bland oily, good, tasty, too sweet
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Why don't we Why don't we How about How about Why don't we
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Language Link larger simple spicier crowded relaxing more delicious more interesting sweeter more delicious nicer more crowded redder
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Lesson B Eating out
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e c f b d a Lesson B Eating out!
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v fast life farmers Europe members
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vegetables fish water green tea gardening walking deep breathing exercises massage
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researcher centenarians habits attitude
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* You can use prepositional phrases after the superlative: Mount Everest is the highest mountain un the world. *You can use one of to show that something or someone is part of a group: Jim, Kim, and Amy scored 100% on the test. Amy is one of the best students in our class.
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sweet the largest the simplest The spiciest the most delicious the most interesting Down home: "Just like in your home region"
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the most romantic the most difficult the most popular the noisiest the most exciting the best the largest the cheapest
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authorStream Live Help


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Parachute Jumper Gives Imitation of a Flying Squirrel (Sep, 1930)
Parachute Jumper Gives Imitation of a Flying Squirrel
IN a startling imitation of a flying squirrel, Rex G. Finney, parachute juniper of the Curtiss-Wright Flying Service, demonstrated his stunt of becoming a human glider before the public recently with great success.
A triangular piece of sail cloth sewn between the legs of his flying suit acts upon the air in the same manner as the membranes of the flying squirrel, enabling him to perform thrilling glides and stalls while in the air.
As he jumps from the plane, Finney stretches his legs apart, and the wind, acting upon the web between his outstretched legs in much the same manner as it acts. upon the elevators of a plane, enables him to glide a steep angle. By doubling his knees he is thrown into a climbing stall.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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EVER wondered why con artists find it so easy to hoodwink the elderly? Researchers in Iowa have discovered that many older people have localised brain damage that impairs their ability to avoid risky decisions.
Daniel Tranel, Natalie Denburg and their colleagues at the University of Iowa in Iowa City were studying a group of elderly patients with known damage to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, a part of the brain that deals with decision making. In a test gambling game with cards, these patients keep losing, despite increasingly clear signs that the choices they make are bad.
But the team had a surprise when they looked for healthy controls for their tests. It turned out that about a third of their controls of the same age performed just as badly on the gambling task as the brain-damaged people in the study.
To investigate further the team recruited 40 people aged between...
To continue reading this article, subscribe to receive access to all of newscientist.com, including 20 years of archive content.


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- Your Library
- Events & Programs
- Read, Learn & Explore
Use this bilingual resource to find maps of Canada, information about the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, a glossary of Indigenous terms, contemporary and historical photography, and more.
Created by The Royal Canadian Geographical Society in conjunction with the Assembly of First Nations, Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami, the Métis Nation, the National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation, and Indspire. This resource was created for Grades 5 and up.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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The School Improvement Project (SIP) was a series of pilot projects designed to promote better education outcomes for First Nations children in Manitoba.
SIP was implemented in four Manitoba First Nation communities - two northern communities (Fox Lake Cree Nation and Northlands Dene First Nation) and two southern communities (Brokenhead Ojibway First Nation and Long Plain First Nation). In total, approximately 350 students, 55 teaching and support staff participated in the project.
The initiative focused financial and human resources on baseline testing for all students in Grades 1-8, professional development of teachers, increased capacity for student transition, teacher mentoring and increased teacher/principal support for its pilot communities. The objectives of the project were to improve teacher instructional practices in English Language Arts, Mathematics, and Information and Communication Technology through professional development activities, provide the schools with the necessary material and resources to support these programs, and improve student achievement scores in both English Language Arts and Mathematics.
Starting in September 2007, SIP began assessing each student's level of learning and corresponding environmental impacts to determine how a student best learns. This information was used to help teachers tailor their teaching style and materials to best meet students' needs. Students were also grouped into clusters to address varying academic levels. Portfolios with assessments will travel with each student to aid them during their transition to new schools. As students progress through the education system, this testing will be done regularly to ensure that each child is learning and progressing. Tests will coincide with report cards in November, March and May.
The Manitoba First Nation Education Resource Centre (MFNERC) led this initiative in conjunction with the Province of Manitoba, Indian and Northern Affairs Canada (INAC), Assembly of Manitoba Chiefs, University College of the North, Manitoba Keewatinowi Okimakanak, and Southern Chiefs Organization.
The initiative was conducted over 18 months with an INAC investment of $2.7 million. The Province of Manitoba contributed approximately $250,000 through staff time and expertise to provide the four First Nations schools with professional development and teacher training.
All project schools have received shared professional development, ICT support and resources technology hardware (laptops, work stations, LCD projectors, printers, scanners and switchers), English Language Arts tool kits (classroom reading centres, guided reading kits, chapter books and novels, First Nations stories, Scholastic series, teacher instructional text supports, headphones/microphones, memory sticks, Franklin Electronic Spelling and Thesaurus), and math tool kits.
Manitoba First Nations have the lowest educational outcomes in Canada. Sixty-five per cent of all Canadians have completed high school compared to 37 per cent of First Nation citizens on-reserve. In Manitoba the number of First Nation graduates is only 28 per cent.


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In the beginning God created the heavens and the Earth, including a form of igneous rock called granite, a mass composed mostly of silica and aluminum that makes up a large part of the continental crust, and comes in all the colors of the rainbow and signifies majesty and serenity. On the kajillionth day, or thereabouts, we mined that granite and we made countertops.
We laid those countertops in kitchens all across the land, in condos and co-ops, in Pittsburgh and Portland. Now that the entire United States has been good and covered, from slab to shining slab, we can take a step back and analyze the age of the granite countertop. Think about what it's all meant.


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June 26, 2006
Coated Virus Nanoparticles Boost MRI Signals
Virus particles, with their well-characterized nanoscale structures and ease of large-scale production, have become a popular tool for cancer nanotechnology researchers (click here for earlier stories) aiming to develop targeted antitumor therapies. A new study, published in the journal Nano Letters, adds to this growing toolbox with the demonstration that a bacterial virus, known as a bacteriophage, can be turned into a powerful magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) agent.
Kent Kirshenbaum, Ph.D., and colleagues at New York University School of Medicine, used the outer coat of the bacteriophage virus, known as MS2, as their base nanoparticle. This protein shell, which the investigators mass-produced in a genetically engineered strain of E. coli, contains 180 identical proteins that self-assemble into a 27.4-nanometer-diameter particle. Using a fluorescent dye as a marker, the investigators then determined that there are 1,080 identical chemically reactive sites on the surface of the assembled nanoparticle. They used these sites as attachment points for adding a gadolinium-chelating agent. A chelating agent is a molecule that tightly binds to one or more metal ions, in this case the MR imaging agent gadolinium. After adding the gadolinium-chelating agent, each nanoparticle contained an average of 514 gadolinium ions on its surface.
The researchers also prepared a multifunctional imaging agent by first attaching approximately 50 fluorescent dye molecules to the nanoparticle surface using mild chemical conditions. They then used the remaining attachment sites to add 360 gadolinium ions. Both the gadolinium-coated nanoparticles and the dual-function nanoparticles were stable for over a month. The researchers noted that other types of chemical reactions could be used to attach drug and tumor-targeting molecules to the viral coat as well.
Measurements using magnetic field strengths typical of standard clinical MR imaging devices showed that MR signal enhancement was up to 1,000 times stronger than that produced by any currently used MR contrast agent. The investigators characterized the fluorescent signal they obtained using the dual-function nanoparticle as "highly intense."
This work is detailed in a paper titled, "Viral nanoparticles donning a paramagnetic coat: conjugation of MRI contrast agents to the MS2 capsid." Investigators from the University of New Mexico also participated in this study. This paper was published online in advance of print publication. An abstract of this paper is available at the journal's website.


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If you're a beginner, chances are most of the Spanish sentences you've been using as examples are ones that follow roughly the same word order as we use in English, with the verb following the subject. But Spanish also frequently places the subject after the verb, and that is usually true with gustar. Here are some examples of gustar in action:
- Me gusta el coche. I like the car.
- Nos gustan los coches. We like the cars.
- Le gustan los coches. He/she likes the cars.
As shown in this lesson, the indirect-object pronouns are me, te, le, nos, os and les.
If this seems confusing, here's an approach that might help: Instead of thinking of gustar as meaning "to like," it is both more accurate and makes more sense in this sentence structure to think of it as meaning "to be pleasing." When we say, "I like the car," the meaning is much the same as saying, "the car is pleasing to me." In plural form, it becomes "the cars are pleasing to me," with a plural verb. Note, then, the differences in the common and literal translations below (the common translation is listed first, followed by the literal translation):
- Me gusta el coche. I like the car. The car is pleasing to me.
- Nos gustan los coches. We like the cars. The cars are pleasing to us.
- Le gustan las camionetas. He/she likes the pickups. The pickups are pleasing to him/her.
- A Carlos le gusta el coche. Carlos likes the car.
- A María le gustan las camionetas. María likes the pickups.
- ¿A ustedes les gusta el coche? Do you (plural) like the car?
- Me encantan las fresas. I love strawberries. The strawberries enchant me.
- Le faltan dos dólares. He is two dollars short. Two dollars are lacking to him.
- Me duele la cabeza. My head aches. The head is causing me pain.
- A ella le interesan los deportes. She is interested in sports. Sports interest her.


Monday, April 05, 2021
Indigenous Enterprise: Preserve, Perform, Progress
Indigenous Enterprise Dancer
2021 is going to see a series of online events under the ORIGINS banner, several in partnership with our friends at BEYOND THE SPECTACLE. One of these was a film presentation of dance styles and discussion with the Native American dance troupe INDIGENOUS ENTERPRISE, who had already started the year impressively through their participation in President Biden's virtual Inauguration Parade. Here are some of the ideas put forward by MC Prophecy as part of the discussion that followed the film.
As Chief Arvol Looking Horse says whenever he's called forward, any time you find Native people under attack, you will find that the land is under attack, because Native people are the stewards of the land. The recent resistance movements, for example Standing Rock, are environmental movements and they are also youth-led movements. That's why organisations like Indigenous Enterprise work with forms like hip-hop as well as more traditional music and dance - it's a way "to light the fire, to spark the flame".
The Covid-19 pandemic gives us an opportunity to see how Indigenous culture points towards social change. "Sit down, sit still, think about what's going on in the world." It's showing that we have to put the self aside for the good of the community and of the planet. His own moniker as MC Prophecy is taken from the 7 Fires Prophecy of a choice between two paths: one well-worn and scorched, the other new and green.
"We need to change. As a species on the planet, we need to change."
MC Prophecy
Like Standing Rock, the American Indian Movement of the 1970s started as an environmental movement, with the resistance to the drilling for uranium that broke a treaty with the Lakota people over control of the land. The drilling led to radioactive water: and Standing Rock also reflects an attack on water.
These youth-led movements complement the teachings of Elders. Mutual teaching and exchange is at the heart of Native culture. Even enemies should sit down and talk together before they resort to conflict. But isolating people on reservations doesn't allow for this kind of interaction. When there is real interaction, then there should be a proper exchange between Indigenous and non-Indigenous people: "we have to think about ourselves as a species." It's fine to be inspired by other cultures: he was himself inspired by a Japanese village that has managed to reach a point where it has no waste.
"But we have a group of people who can't think that way.... Are we going to live with the Earth, or try to be masters of it?"
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Who'd have thought that so much time and effort could go into discussing the words Eh-oh! and Big Hug But Teletubbies was so popular with children when it launched that parents and educators were concerned to know whether the show was breeding bad habits.
Teletubbies very often hug each other. They hug because they like to!
Ten years on, experience and research have taught us that the Teletubbies' play-language performs an important role in helping children develop their speech. Rather than simply mimicking the Teletubbies, children are encouraged to join in and play games with words. For children of all abilities, Teletubby language is about learning to communicate with confidence.


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National Register Sites in Illinois
What is the National Register?
What is Listed in the National Register?
Criteria for National Register Listing
A Property's Integrity is Important
A Property's Historic Context is Important
What is the National Register?
Since 1966, when the federal government created the National Register of Historic Places (a program of the National Park Service), thousands of Illinois historic and prehistoric places have been designated as important resources worthy of preservation. Each year more places are added by applicants who want the prestige, financial benefits, and protections that National Register designation provides. Nearly every one of the 102 Illinois counties has at least one property or historic district listed in the National Register. High-style mansions, vernacular houses, burial mounds, military aircraft, canals, and historic downtowns together represent a cross section of the Prairie State's history from its early settlement to the Second World War. (Few sites postdate the war because places nominated to the National Register generally must be at least fifty years old.)
However, many more Illinois places deserve National Register recognition-farmsteads, roadside buildings, houses dating from the 1900s to the 1940s, Depression-era construction projects, and International-Style buildings, to name a few. The Preservation Services division, in its role as state historic preservation office, manages the National Register program for Illinois. Anyone can apply to have a property considered for listing in the Register.
What is listed in the National Register?
If you were asked to list the important historic places in your community, you might name an elegant older home, a structure designed by a famous architect, or a prominent public building. Often those individual buildings are listed in the National Register of Historic Places.
But many other important historic resources are eligible for the Register, and we need to look beyond the obvious. It is important to recognize the ordinary places that are reminders of the state's past: barns and silos, water towers, abandoned railroad stations, grain elevators, grocery stores, and roadside motels. Places associated with technology, engineering, and the sciences are also worthy of designation; for example, an eroded stream embankment in Tazewell County is listed because geologists studied the exposed soil layers and formulated new concepts that are now accepted as fundamental to the science of geology.
The National Register includes both individual properties and historic districts. In Illinois there are more than 140 historic districts that encompass dozens of residential neighborhoods, industrial complexes, commercial downtowns, and city parks. Groups of properties that are related to each other through their history or location can also be recorded in the National Register as part of a multiple property documentation form, which establishes a broader historic context for a collection of resources.
Criteria for the National Register
A carefully worded set of criteria is the practical foundation for determining whether historic properties qualify for the National Register. The criteria were purposefully written to recognize the local, statewide, or national significance of thousands of different kinds of places that have made a contribution to America's history.
The criteria are prefaced by the simple idea that the property must physically represent its history by possessing integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association. The assessment of historical, architectural, and archaeological significance is guided by four criteria. To be eligible for the Register, a property must qualify under at least one of the following criterion:
- Be associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history
- Be associated with the lives of persons significant in our past
- Embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction; represent the work of a master; possess high artistic value; or represent a significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction
- Have yielded, or be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history.
Several kinds of places-religious properties, birthplaces and graves, cemeteries, reconstructions, commemorative properties, structures that have been moved, and places less than fifty years old-must meet an additional criterion specific to that category. The applicant must provide additional justification for significance beyond the basic four criteria.
Religious properties-churches, synagogues, homes of religious leaders, or places owned by religious organizations-must meet special requirements. First, a religious property must be judged in purely secular terms; its historic significance cannot be established on the merits of religious doctrine. For example, a property may be significant in religious history if it has received secular scholarly recognition. Designation can also be based on architectural or artistic grounds. It is also possible to designate a property where the activities of the religious group are significant in other categories, i.e., exploration, social philanthropy, or education.
Buildings associated with persons who are important only within the context of a single congregation are not likely candidates for the Register. A religious building is more likely to meet the National Register criteria if it is associated with an individual who formed or significantly influenced an important religious institution or movement, or who was important to an area's social, economic, or political history.
Architectural or artistic distinction is required to designate a religious property solely on the merit of its design. It should be evaluated within the context of its architectural style or vernacular type and compared to other properties of its type, period, or method of construction.
A Property's Integrity is Important
When properties are evaluated for potential listing in the National Register of Historic Places, their integrity is an important factor. What is integrity? Every historic property changes over time, and original materials often have been replaced, covered, removed, or altered. Sometimes buildings or objects have been moved to new locations, or additions have been made to them. In some cases, the restoration of the property may have altered its appearance. Each of these changes has an effect on whether the property physically presents an accurate and authentic sense of its past.
A simple question to ask when evaluating a property is: Does it look the way it did when an important person lived there or when an important event took place there? Or, Does it still have the physical materials or essence of design that makes it architecturally or structurally significant? Properties that no longer possess their significant historic features or whose significant historic features have been covered are poor candidates for the National Register; examples are a masonry commercial building covered with a modern metal front, a cemetery with no remaining grave markers, and the site of a building where an important event took place. Places are judged by their current condition, not their likely appearance after rehabilitation.
Archaeological resources must also be assessed for their integrity. Prehistoric or historic archaeological sites must have the potential for intact below-ground features, such as burial remains, foundations, and postholes.
A Properties Historic Context is Important
Applicants to the National Register are asked to research both the specific property being nominated and its historic context. To understand this concept of historic context, the applicant should keep in mind that any prehistoric or historic place-a house, a commercial building, a burial mound, or a shipwreck-is a product of its time. In other words, each was created and functioned within a larger historic framework. For example, we may know the name of every owner of a one-hundred-year-old house and the house's exact dimensions, but if we do not know what architectural style it is or whether there are others like it in the community, then it is impossible to make a judgment about its architectural importance. It is the larger perspective that the National Register requires.
Most properties designated to the National Register possess local-not statewide or national-importance. The applicant must be able to answer questions that place the property in context within its community: How does the property relate to the history of the community? Does it illustrate any themes or trends important to the history of the community? In the case of buildings of architectural importance, what were the historical influences (such as design, materials, style, or function) on the property's appearance? What does the building look like, and why does it look that way?


Velziran Salome (/ˈvelziran ˈsaʔlomɛ/) is a Mage belonging to House Salome, the last prominent magical family based in Wrytoll. While her official purpose in entering the Storynth is to oversee Elloria's pilgrimage to the Tomb of Cerulos, she seems to have other goals at both the academic and personal level. She is a playable character who uses a variety of magical techniques, especially those related to fire.
Velziran is a young adult human with dark brown skin, black hair, and purple eyes. She wears the deep blue robes that are commonly associated with House Salome. Velziran's hair is short and spiky in the back, with her long bangs parted slightly to the right. Her left eye is partially obscured by her bangs.
Velziran is resourceful, eager to learn, and confident in her abilities. She is not easily angered, except by injustice and wanton destruction of magical and educational resources. Velziran prefers to solve problems and resolve conflict through the use of logic rather than emotion.
Velziran's thirst for knowledge and concern for the well-being of others and the world led her to restore various forbidden House Salome texts through the use of temporal magic. While this allowed her to gain proficiency in Sraharl and understand the general layout of the Storynth even before entering, it also led to severe repercussions with the leadership of her House. Much of Velziran's mana and magical power remains sealed during the events of the game due to the Atriarch's binding spells—a punishment for breaking House Salome's codes.
Final Weapon
This section contains story spoilers.
Velziran receives the Fieli Greatstaff, an heirloom of Master Scholar Talrendis' family, after Zorvus' visit to the Bloodfort. Talrendis believed that her ancestor's volume on translating between Humoni and Fieli languages had been lost, so she was stunned to learn that a Mage from the World Above had learned Sraharl through a copy of the book.
The staff's appearance, menu icon, and attack animation are purple in color.
 - Velziran's surname was originally Clearwater. Additionally, this surname was temporarily given to Elloria after it was determined that Velziran's would be changed. In the end, it wound up being Velziran's (non-magical) father's surname.
 - Velziran's blue fire—a trait she shares with her mother Fyreldin—is a result of both Mages' mana potency, stemming from their direct ties to both House Salome and House Leoric.
 - The Fieli Greatstaff was originally intended to be given to Velziran by a Fiend named Olmaran, but this scene was changed to reduce cutscene density in the Bloodfort.
 - Velziran's event objects are often titled "Velzi," though she's never referred to as such in-game.


Whether it's the current coronavirus pandemic or a personal crisis, there are times when your career is the last thing on your mind. But, it is possible to maintain focus on your career while dealing with a crisis.
Many of life's rough patches have a way of passing eventually. That's why it's important to never give up on career goals or opportunities to grow your career.
Here are four ways to stay on track while dealing with a crisis:
Make Work-Life Balance A Priority
Woman works from home while balancing her career during a personal crisis.
This works both ways for the employee and employer.
In times of trouble, you and your family come first, and it's important that remains the top priority. Take care of what needs to be taken care of. Don't completely abandon your career and career goals, but it's okay to put them on the back burner.
Many workplaces have been making an effort to offer a better work-life balance to employees and it's important that they continue to do so. In the face of the coronavirus pandemic, many workplaces are offering increased work from home flexibility and have adjusted sick pay policies.
Businesses should always build flexibility into their company culture. Not only is it good for worldwide crises like the coronavirus pandemic, but it works well when employees are dealing with a personal or family crisis. Not only is a decent thing to do, but it will make the employees want to return to work when they're ready. Companies that often go the extra mile will likely see the same dedication from employees.
Make Your Goals An Escape
A man remains focused during a time of uncertainty.
Whenever dealing with a crisis, it's important to have an escape. Something to focus on during the periods of time when you're not addressing the crisis. These escapes can be simple things like exercise, reading a book, and spending time with important people in your life.
Sometimes your career can be an escape.
It's not uncommon to hear stories about athletes playing their respective games after facing a tragedy or personal hardship. Many say the time playing the game is a nice escape from the adversity they are facing.
If you're a person that really loves their job, spending some time on your career could be a great escape. If you're looking to change careers or focus on professional development, these are things that can also be worked on.
It always depends on personal preference, and your career shouldn't come before you and your family. But, if focusing on your career provides an escape and doesn't have a negative impact, then take advantage of the opportunity.
Don't Be Afraid To Talk About The Crisis
Another thing that works both ways between employees and employers is good communication. Good communication is crucial in times of uncertainty.
Employees going through a major personal crisis shouldn't be afraid to communicate with their supervisors. Managers should be aware of anything that may take away from an employee's job performance, and employee's shouldn't be afraid to talk about it.
Managers should be understanding and accommodating, because no one is exempt from personal or national crises and the shoe could easily be on the other foot.
Good communication will be important as businesses deal with the ongoing coronavirus pandemic. As schools and businesses continue to shut down, employees and employers need to stay in touch about changes in schedules, work environments, and challenges ahead.
No matter the situation, sometimes it's better just to talk about it.
Check In With Your Network
This shouldn't be a top priority, but as you work through a crisis you may hear from friends, colleagues, and professional acquaintances that are checking in on you.
When you get a chance, thank them for their concern.
This also applies during the coronavirus pandemic. Reach out to your network and see how they are handling the situation and how it has impacted their work routines. People can learn a lot from each other by exchanging stories, sharing ideas, and working through challenges together.
These are all small things that help to strengthen your network, and as challenging times pass, having a strong network can benefit you in the future.
Looking for additional resources to help you with your career and professional development? Work It Daily has you covered. Our online platform gives you the flexibility that you need to work on your career when it's convenient for you.
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Interview with Dr. Motoji Ikeya
By David Jay Brown
Dr. Motoji Ikeya is a Japanese interdisciplinary researcher, using electron spin resonance (ESR) in geosciences and radiation dopsimetry, with a research interest in the cause of unusual animal behavior prior to earthquakes. His laboratory experiments at Osaka University have shed an enormous amount of light on the possible mechanisms that may be operating during this unexplained phenomenon.
Dr. Ikeya majored in Electronics and then Nuclear Engineering at Osaka University. He worked at Nagoya and Yamaguchi Universities, was a research associate at The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and a fellow of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation at the University of Stuttgart, Germany. He is a recipient of the Asahi Newspaper Grant for Encouragement of Science (1981) and the 4th Osaka Science Prize in 1986.
Dr. Ikeya's major field of specialization has been in quantum geophysics. He has researched Electron Sin Resonance (ESR), which is used for dating geological and archaeological materials, and in the future these techniques may be used for dating materials on icy planetary bodies. He has also researched radiation dosimetry and assessment of the paleo-environment. Dr. Ikeya began his earthquake precursor studies after the Kobe Earthquake in 1995.
At Osaka University Dr. Ikeya was chair of the Quantum Geophysics Laboratory, and is the author of more than three hundred scientific papers. He was Professor of Graduate School of Science at Osaka University's Department of of Physics since 1987, and of Earth Space Science since its foundation in 1991. Dr. Ikeya retired from Osaka University in 2004, and is now helping young people in ESR on a part-time basis.
Dr. Ikeya is also the author of *Earthquakes and Animals: From Folk Legends to Science* (World Scientific, 2004), which is the most important book on the subject of unusual animal behavior and earthquakes since Helmut TrIbutsch's classic work on the subject *When the Snakes Awake*. This meticulously researched work is an interdisciplinary treasure trove of folk legends, historical anecdotes, interview surveys and subjective reports, geophysical science facts, and most importantly, a fascinating summary of Dr. Ikeya's own laboratory research. (To order a copy of Dr. Ikeya's book click here.)
Ikeya's laboratory experiments were conducted to see if exposure to an electrical field or electromagnetic pulses could elicit animal behavior similar to what has been reported prior to earthquakes. Ikeya's experiments produced very interesting results. For example, fish showed panic reactions, and earthworms moved out of the soil and swarmed when current was applied. These are very similar to the behaviors that are reported before earthquakes. Dr. Ikeya's work also sheds light on other mysterious pre-earthquake phenomena–which he was able to recreate in the laboratory–such as strange plant growth, earth-lights, fogs, atmospheric distortions, and unusual phenomena with electric appliances, such as televisions and cell phones.
I interviewed Dr. Ikeya on October 12, 2004. Dr. Ikeya has a great deal of curiosity, open-mindedness, and the rare ability to bridge scientific disciplines. We discussed how his laboratory experiments help us to understand the causes of unusual animal behavior prior to earthquakes, why so many scientists are resistant to this idea, and whether or not a reliable earthquake forecasting system is possible.
David: What motivated you to start studying the relationship between unusual animal behavior and earthquakes?
Dr. Ikeya: The Kobe earthquake in 1995. I live 30 km from the epicenter and thought it strange that many earthworms dug themselves up in my small garden. At the time, I did not know the legend that a number of emerging earthworms is a sign of a large earthquake. Many people noticed this, including my neighbors.
David: How have your laboratory experiments with electric fields and electromagnetic pulses helped to shed some light on what may cause unusual animal behavior prior to earthquakes?
Dr. Ikeya: First, theoretical calculation of EQ light, which was seen by my graduate students and associate professor. EQ clouds and fogs in legends may naturally be produced in super-cooled atmosphere. Then, it dawned on me that animals might be sensing such atmospheric discharge and electric field as electric field effects.
David: How do you think animals detect electromagnetic waves, and why do you think this cause them to behave in peculiar ways?
Dr. Ikeya: Electric fields may be sensed by the force on the animal's hair. Induced current in the body may cause changes with some neurotransmitters.
David: Your research provides strong evidence for the theory that electromagnetic changes are causing the unusual animal behavior and other unexplained phenomena that are sometimes reported to occur prior to earthquakes. Do you think that this is just one possible explanation or the only one?
Dr. Ikeya: Probably most of the unexplained phenomena (80 – 90%) reported by lay citizens would have electromagnetic causes. Old legends of bent flames, and rice cooking anomaly, as well as animal and plant anomalies, are definitely electromagnetic in origin. However, the Moses'
phenomenon [reports that great bodies of water will suddenly and temporarily split apart, creating a valley to the ocean floor, and two massive walls of water] is due to natural hydrodynamic causes.
David: Why do you think so many scientists are resistant to the idea that unusual animal behavior prior to earthquakes is a real phenomenon?
Dr. Ikeya: Because there are people who link trivial events to large earthquakes, and afterthoughts are inevitably involved in the statements by lay citizens, especially at a distance larger than 100 – 200 km for a
M7 earthquake. I explain this in Chapter 5 of my book *Earthquakes and Animals*.
For countries like New Zealand, the focal depth is 50 km or so.
Electromagnetic (EM) intensity would be less, and so there would be less unusual phenomena. Granite bedrock in Japan might play a role due to the involvement of piezoelectric quartz grains, while basalt may generate less intense EM waves. Fluid movement in the boundary of granite might be responsible for the generation of EM waves, rather than the piezoelectricity.
David: What do you think are the most important experiments that still need to be done in order to shed more light on the nature of mysterious earthquake precursors?
Dr. Ikeya: Experiments of less intense EM exposure to human being, which is not allowed since we are not medical doctors. Some people might be very sensitive.
David: Do you think that it is possible for observations of animal behavior to ever be part of a reliable earthquake forecasting system?
Dr. Ikeya: No! Once we know that EM pulses are responsible, electronic detection will be better at forecasting earthquakes than observations of animal behavior. However, additional information about unusual phenomena–collected by an automatic observation system, rather than a collection of reports from lay citizens–would increase the reliability of a forecast of a disastrous earthquake. Collected data on cattle healthcare from farms in different areas, which are transmitted over the Internet, may be useful for studying the cattle's response to weather changes, including an impending earthquake. They may provide additional information.
David: What are you currently working on?
Dr. Ikeya: I am a visiting professor of nano-science at the Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research on a part-time basis since my retirement. There is no job at the university if a professor is behaving unusually. However, I am developing my theory on generation and propagation of seismo-electromagnetic signals (SEMS) since my book, *Earthquakes and Animals*, is for the general public. Scientists need some mathematical equations that explain the phenomena quantitatively.
It is a bit tough for an old professor to work on two entirely different subjects, though both


Update: Ghana-La Côte D'Ivoire Maritime Boundary Dispute
csm_AQ_ITLOS_Wallocha_280315__27__148b10dd7dOn 23rd September 2017, the Special Chamber of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) will deliver its judgment in the Dispute Concerning Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary between Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire in the Atlantic Ocean (Ghana/Côte d'Ivoire)[1].
Hearings in respect of the substantive matter commenced on 6 February 2017 and ended on 16 February 2017.
Judge Boualem Bouguetaia, the President of the Special Chamber constituted to deal with the dispute presided over the hearing. Rüdiger Wolfrum, Germany, and Jin-Hyun Paik, the Republic of Korea are the other judges on the panel hearing the case. Ad hoc judges Thomas Mensah, Ghana, and Ronny Abraham, France, were selected by Ghana and Cote d'Ivoire, respectively, pursuant to the rules of the ITLOS.
Ahead of that, here is a summary of the key issues involved in the dispute.
What is the dispute about?
La Côte d'Ivoire is claiming that Ghana has undertaken and continues to undertake oil exploration activities in its waters. Ghana denies that. Ghana argues that all of its oil exploration activities are within Ghana's territorial waters.
 Beneath the claims lies the question as to whether there is an established maritime boundary between the two states. Whereas Ghana argues that a customary equidistance boundary line should be used in determining the maritime boundary, La Côte d'Ivoire is urging on the Tribunal a bisector approach.
What is Ghana's position?
AT_ITLOS_Schiller_090217__B___800x534_Ghana argues that there is not dispute around the fact that there has been no formal attempt at delimiting the maritime boundaries between Ghana and La Côte d'Ivoire. Ghana, however, asserts that for about half of a century both states had mutually recognised and agreed that their maritime boundary was established on the basis of the equidistance rule. Ghana also asserted that Côte d'Ivoire abided by the tacitly agreed boundary and only changed its mind when Ghana announced that it had found oil in commercial quantities.
Ghana accused La Côte d'Ivoire of being inconsistent regarding the method to be used in delimiting the maritime boundary between the two countries. Ghana argued that each of La Côte d'Ivoire's suggested approach to delimiting the maritime boundaries between the two states had the effect of cutting sharply across the coastal projection of the Ghanaian coastline, and thereby severely reducing Ghana's maritime entitlement.
Ghana also argued that La Côte d'Ivoire's constantly changing approach had the effect of causing "considerable uncertainty in the development of Ghana's petroleum sector". Ghana added that "La Côte d'Ivoire's inconsistent approach to the maritime boundary has greatly prejudiced Ghana as Ghana has acted in good faith, relied on La Côte d'Ivoire's long standing acceptance of the customary equidistance boundary by engaging in long term capital intensive, offshore exploitation and exploration program based on the expectation that these investments would provide a solid and sustainable basis for its economic development."
 What is La Côte d'Ivoire's position?
BJ_ITLOS_Schiller_090217__Q___800x534_Naturally, Cote d'Ivoire denies Ghana's presentation of the facts. For instance, whereas Ghana argued that La Côte d'Ivoire stood by and did nothing whiles huge investments were being made in the disputed area, La Côte d'Ivoire argued that "from 1993 following the death of Félix Houphouet-Boigny, La Côte d'Ivoire gradually slipped into a lengthy period of serious political and social instability." They continued: "these internal political tensions led to a military coup and then a civil war, which destabilized the country significantly." It was only up until 2007 that some stability was restored.
 La Côte d'Ivoire also denies any notion of a "tacitly agreed customary maritime boundary." They maintain that the maritime boundary between La Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana is yet to be delimited. In their words "there is no formal or tacit agreement on delimitation of boundary and Ghana cannot silence La Côte d'Ivoire by applying the doctrine of estoppel."
 What has happened so far?
images-4On 27 February 2015, La Côte d'Ivoire requested the chamber to prescribe provisional measures for the protection of its rights to exclusively explore and exploit the oil and gas resources in that part of the Atlantic Ocean. It requested the chamber to make an order requesting Ghana to (a) suspend all ongoing exploration and exploitation activities in the disputed areas; (b) desist from issuing permits for the exploitation and exploration of oil in the disputed area; (c) ensure that information gathered by Ghana from its exploration activities in the disputed area is not used to the detriment of La Côte d'Ivoire. They ask the court to restrain Ghana from any unilateral step that has the potential to aggravate the dispute and affect the rights of La Côte d'Ivoire prejudicially.
Ghana, amongst others, argued that the total cessation of exploitation and exploration activities would cause Ghana irreparable damage considering the sums of money spent on developing the area under the dispute.
The Tribunal did not accede to La Côte d'Ivoire's request that Ghana suspends all ongoing exploration and exploitation activities in the disputed areas. The tribunal noted that "suspension of ongoing activities conducted by Ghana in respect of which drilling has already taken place would entail considerable financial loss to Ghana and its concessionaires." The Chamber, however, pursuant to Article 290 of the Convention on the Law of the Sea, prescribed that Ghana takes all necessary steps to ensure "no new drilling either by Ghana or under its control takes place in the disputed area," to prevent information regarding exploration that is "not already in public domain from being used in any way whatsoever to the detriment of Côte d'Ivoire," and "refrain from any unilateral action that might lead to aggravating the dispute." It was further unanimously decided by the chamber that both parties submit a report detailing compliance with the measures by May 25, 2015.
What are the implications of a judgment in favour of Ghana?
Its is not hard to tell. A judgment in favour of Ghana will mean that a lot of businesses that have invested heavily in the oil exploration especially in the Deep Water Tano Block (made up of the Jubilee and TEN fields) will be deeply relieved.
What are the implications of a ruling in favour of Ivory Coast?
A ruling in favour of Ivory will definitely be bad news for Ghana. This would mean that all the oil blocks and concessions that have been given will fall into disarray. It may also mean a renegotiation of key contracts. Additionally, Ghana's economy will be hard it as revenue from petroleum exploration will drop significantly.
[1] (Case No. 23).
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 Good background to the dispute.
 Eagerly awaiting the Chamber's decision
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After grappling with Colson Whitehead's Zone One in its entirety, I found that the racial element of the story is not as prominent and obvious as I had anticipated it would be. For one, we do not learn of Mark Spitz's race until far into the narrative. However, this is really the only distinguishing characteristic of Mark Spitz, other than that he is male and described as "average," which may be a comment on race itself. Mark Spitz's race and mediocrity are his only distinguishing traits, and it is precisely his mediocrity that allowed him to survive the infestation for as long as he did. He is described as being "neither the captain…nor the last one picked." In the context of the zombie infestation, the last one picked would surely fail, but so to would the captain because he/she would be responsible for other people.
Being that Mark Spitz is presumably a minority and Colson Whitehead is as well, Whitehead is possibly trying to convey that a young person of color could easily see being average as the best route in traversing through society. As it is the least notorious, because people tend to ignore the average person as they prioritize helping the below average person as well as praising the above average person instead. The character's name "Mark Spitz" is itself a racial slur derived from a moment where instead of jumping off a bridge into water to flee from a swarm of "dead," Mark Spitz shoots his way out of it screaming that he cannot die. There is a similarly climatic scene on the final page where after the final barricade is breached by the dead, Colson writes "Fuck it, he thought. You have to learn how to swim sometime. He opened the door and walked into the seas of the dead." Perhaps this is him embracing who he is as he self-actualizes and "swims," conquering his fear of "water."
Mark Spitz's fear of water is the stereotype that creates his name and enables him to share that story with Gary as he passes, which must have been especially emotional given that he and Gary were brothers in battle against the infestation. They were the only family they had left, as Mark Spitz lost Uncle Lloyd and the vast majority of the population died. In this context, it was actual great to be the minority. His fear of water is symbolic of his fear of death. Mark Spitz was not one to delude himself with hopes of the "after," and when the barricade broke and he walked into the seas of the dead, Mark Spitz was able to feel closure. Additionally, Whitehead may have been using zombies to symbolize micro aggressions perpetrated by white people, and the barricade breaking is symbolic of the micro aggressions adding up and having a cumulative effect. At one point in the novel, Mark Spitz makes a reference to there finally being no "amateur fascist up the street machinated to steal the next cab." The plague itself could be symbolic of retribution for the atrocities of slavery as well as the sum of centuries of micro aggressions, bigotry, racism and acts of racism.


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Standard Practice for Establishing Consistent Test Method Tolerances (Withdrawn 2007)
In any test method, every direction to measure a property of a material should be accompanied by a measurement tolerance. Likewise, determination and test result tolerances should be specified. This practice provides a method for evaluating the consistency of the test method tolerances specified.
This practice should be used both in the development of new test methods and in evaluating old test methods which are being revised.
The test result tolerance obtained using this practice is not a substitute for a precision statement based on interlaboratory testing. However, the measurement tolerances selected by means of this practice will be an important part of the test method conditions affecting the precision of the test method.
1.1 This practice should be used in the development of any test method in which the determination value is calculated from measurement values by means of an equation. The practice is not applicable to such determination values as those calculated from counts of nonconformities, ratios of successes to failures, gradings, or ratings.
1.2 The purpose of this practice is to provide guidance in the specifying of realistic and consistent tolerances for making measurements and for reporting the results of testing.
1.3 This practice can be used as a guide for obtaining the minimum test result tolerance that should be specified with a particular set of specified measurement tolerances, the maximum permissible measurement tolerances which should be specified to achieve a specified test result tolerance, and more consistent specified measurement tolerances.
1.4 These measurement and test result tolerances are not statistically determined tolerances that are obtained by using the test method but are the tolerances specified in the test method.
1.5 In the process of selecting test method tolerances, the task group developing or revising a test method must evaluate not only the consistency of the selected tolerances but also the technical and economical feasibility of the measurement tolerances and the suitability of the test result tolerance for the purposes for which the test method will be used. This practice provides guidance only for establishing the consistency of the test method tolerances.
1.6 This practice is presented in the following sections:
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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This is part two of my five-part tutorial about implementing a web-based database application with the OlivaNova Modeler (check out the running application: _URL_ In this part, we are going to discuss a rather simple task, the creation of classes, attributes, associations and inheritance. If you are interested, you might want to check out Part one: introduction and specification.
First of all, let's start with the "static" model. Here, we are going to define classes and their relationships to each other quite similar to the way you are used to doing in UML.
We are going to define the following classes: Administrator, Employee, Manager, Car, Receipt, TravelApplication (=trip request), Department, TravelCostGroup, ReceiptType, CostCenter, CostUnit.
In the next step, we are going to specify the classes' attributes. For simplicity sake, let's start with Employee.
Defining class attributes
We double-click on the class Employee and the following dialog pops up:
I already entered the attributes according to the current specification (the final model contains some more calculated attributes for statistical purposes according to the specification). I highlighted the attribute EmployeeID for demonstration purposes.
- The name must not start with a number and must not contain white spaces or special characters.
- Attribute type can be Constant, Variable or Derived. "Constant" means, that the value cannot be changed after the object has been created. Variable means the opposite. "Derived" means that the attribute value is calculated through a formula. In this case, the EmployeeID won't change (its supposed to be the AD login domain\username).
- As the EmployeeID is in domain\username format, its datatype has to be String.
- Id:0 means that the attribute is part of the objects primary key. I really don't know why the guys who implemented the modeller made such a crappy feature, nevertheless it works just fine.
- Size means (as you might already have guessed) the maximum length of the string attribute value that can be entered, processed and stored.
- Optionally you can define a default value that is used if the user doesn't change it.
- Null allowed is self-explanatory.
- Request upon creation means, that the method that is used for object creation contains this attribute as an argument.
- The alias is a string that represents a more end-user friendly name for the attribute and can also contain white spaces and special characters etc.
Finally, you can enter a help message for the attribute and a comment for the analyst who is going to maintain the model. If you add help messages, the text will be displayed as a tooltip text in the generated user interface in service forms.
In this same way, all other classes get their attributes, but again because I don't want to bore you, I skip this section and we go straight to doing something more interesting.
Establishing relationships and inheritance
Now that we have defined our classes, we need to define relationships between those classes. Remember, we didn't define the car license number as a primitive datatype (although we could) because we know the cars in our car pool and want to be able to manage them and want to eliminate typos when entering the same car license number over and over again. That is why we have created a class Car which we can use as a dropdown data source.
Relationships work almost in the same way as in UML. However, there is one annotation you probably don't already know: each relationship is labeled with it's cardinality and the letter "D" or "S". "D" means, that you can change the number of associated objects after an object creation while "S" means just the opposite.
So, if you read the association between Receipt and ReceiptType, it means that a Receipt needs to have exactly one ReceiptType and the ReceiptType cannot be changed after the creation of an object of type Receipt. A ReceiptType object may have zero or more Receipts associated and those associations can change at any time during the lifetime of the object.
So, this was rather easy, wasn't it? And you might ask yourself where and how the functionality is modeled or if I programmed those requirements secretly by hand.
In part three of my tutorial you'll find out how the business logic is being implemented in the modeler.
Stay tuned :-)


ically, you need someone on the executive team to sign off on each new policy. They are ultimately accountable for the policy, which means they need to officially approve the final draft. This should always be done by the highest level of leadership that makes sense for each policy.
For example, you don't need the CEO to sign off on new policies for cleaning up spills, but you do for workplace harassment or management of proprietary information. And the IT manager shouldn't be signing off on an Acceptable Use Policy; that goes to the CTO or CIO who is ultimately responsible.
How to implement new policies and procedures
Once you've written your new policies and procedures, you need to create a plan to ensure compliance. Here's how you can do it.
Distribute the new policies
Sure, you could print these out and create binders full of policies, but that's a waste of time and money, not to mention all the headaches it will create as soon as a single policy gets updated.
Instead, use a policy management software solution to store your policy manual. That way, your employees will be able to access them at any time, even outside the office. By keeping them in one place, your employees can easily search for them to answer any compliance questions they have.
You can also use the policy management software to distribute the policies, ensure everyone reviews and understands them, and even have them sign off on the documents. Further, you can track all the signatures to ensure full regulatory and accreditation compliance.
Create a training plan
Of course, reading a new policy is not the same as understanding the policy, especially if these are complex and/or legal requirements that required input form subject matter experts.
You'll want to develop training content so employees can understand the organizational expectations and the executive vision. Using a policy management solution that includes a training management tool can make things a whole lot easier.
You can create customizable online training that not only saves time and money, it helps your employees quickly understand your new policies. You can also test their knowledge and understanding with assessments, which will not only help with any compliance requirements, it can show you holes in your training and other materials.
Establish a review cycle
Laws and best practices are always evolving and technology is always changing, which means policies and procedures are living documents. So even though you're done writing the policies, that doesn't mean you're ever fully finished. (Policy management is an ongoing issue.)
Part of a healthy, robust policy management process means reviewing policies on a regular basis, such as reviewing policies on social media or bring-your-own-device every six months. Other policies may only need reviews and revisions once a year or every few years.
Including the review process as part of your writing process will help ensure the policies are never out of date. Just make sure to pay attention to any details that will need to be revisited, and keep the bigger picture and end goals in mind throughout the whole process.
Set yourself up for long term success
Your policy and procedure manual sets the tone for conduct in your organization and ultimately defines your daily operations. By taking the time to make yours effective, you're taking a big step toward positively developing your organization. Learn more about writing policies here.
The PowerDMS policy management platform can streamline the writing of policies and procedures, updating manuals, and mapping them to training and accreditation requirements. To learn more about using PowerDMS for policy creation and management, you can visit our website and request a free demo.
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|Notable Arab Chileans: Nicolás Massú|
8% of Chile's population
|Regions with significant populations|
|Valparaíso, La Serena, Santiago|
|Related ethnic groups|
Arab Chileans, are immigrants to Chile from the Arab world. Most are Christian and are the descendants of economic migrants from Palestine, Syria, Lebanon, and Jordan, who arrived in Chile in the mid-19th to early-20th centuries. Ethnically Arab Chileans are often called "Turks", (Spanish: Turcos) a term believed to derive from the fact that they arrived from the Ottoman Turkish Empire. Most arrived as members of the Eastern Orthodox church, but a minority became Roman Catholic. A minority are Muslim.
It is estimated that 800,000 Chileans or nearly 5% of the population is of Arab origin, chiefly descendants of immigrants from the Middle East (i.e. Palestinians, Syrians, Lebanese and Middle East Armenians). Chile is home to a large population of immigrants, mostly Christian, from the Levant. Roughly 500,000 Palestinian descendants are believed to reside in Chile. And the effects of their migration are widely visible. The earliest such migrants came in the 1850s, with others arriving during World War I and later the 1948 Arab-Israeli war. The Club Palestino is one of the most prestigious social clubs in Santiago. They are believed to form the largest Palestinian community outside of the Arab world. Aside from these migrants of previous decades, Chile has also taken in some Palestinian refugees in later years, as in April 2008 when they received 117 from the Al-Waleed refugee camp on the Syria–Iraq border near the Al-Tanf crossing. The situation in Gaza has caused tensions even thousands of miles away between the Israeli and Palestinian communities in Chile.
Historically, the Arabs of Chile were called Turks, Moors, Arabs or Lebanese. In recent years they have often called themselves Palestinians. In the past decade, most of the Arab immigration are Iraqis.
The first Arabs in Chile first registered in a census carried out dates back to 1895, however, in 1854 and 1885 are some subjects of the Ottoman Empire, which could well be in Lebanon, Palestine or Syria, which were part of the Empire at the time.
The majority of Palestinians arrived in the early 20th century, fleeing the Ottoman Empire due primarily to professing the Christian religion, oppressive rule and then the economic situation and the outbreak of the First World War. Note that the Ottoman Turkish oppression (Sunnis) was reflected not only in the Christian minority in Syria, Palestine and Lebanon, but against Shiite Muslims who arrived in the entire Atlantic coast to be the majority in the region, and some spent via Argentina to Chile in the early 20th century located across the country bringing to their culture and work to the development of Chile.
On arrival, the Arabs were devoted to work primarily in the commercial sector. The Palestinian community, despite their cultural differences with Chilean society, managed to permeate and an important part of the country's middle class, although some of its members have some of the greatest wealth of the country. Although the District Board, in Santiago and the city of La Calera were his main residence centers, meeting and trade for many years, in recent times have moved over the city of Santiago de Chile, Las Condes, Providence, Ñuñoa and Recoleta.
The large influx Arab party began in 1860 and extends until 1900. It is estimated that the Arabs who came to America reached at one million people. Until 1918 the Palestinians migrated with Turkish passports. The output ports were Beirut, Haifa and Alexandria, and the journey was made via Genoa and Marseille.
The large concentrations of immigrants were Syrians, Palestinians, Lebanese and their descendants in Brazil, Argentina and Chile. It is estimated that Latin America would amount to 25 million of Arab descent.
By 1940, the Arab Guide de Chile estimated at 13,466 the number of Arabs in Chile.
61% of the Arabs arrived in our country did between 1900 and 1930. Over 60% of Arabs who came were between 10 and 30 years old.
In 1912 appears the Muerched, the first Chilean newspaper written in Arabic. It is estimated that there were at least 12 publications such during the 40 years of immigration.
In addition to the strong influence and varied diversity in areas of national affairs, a fact which demonstrates the presence of the Arab population in Chile, is the call for at least 7 players who were Chilean-born Palestinians (as Roberto Bishara) in the Palestinian football team during the Asian qualifiers for the FIFA World Cup 2006.
Economic influence in Chile
It is the case of the Banna family: Yarur, Carlos, Jorge and Amador. His father, John, emigrated in 1894 from Bethlehem and was a good move. He died in 1954, when Cotton Manufacturers under Yarur lived its golden age: the company, founded in 1936 with his brothers Nicholas and Saba, it produced 60% of cotton yarn and fabrics in Chile. Its partners were the Said-Isa and his six children, among them Salvador, the father of Joseph, now a member of the Parque Arauco shopping mall-amusement park and BHIF.
In the years since, Yarur developed Chilean Cotton Manufactures. And when they bought the company, Said decided to leave his side to the new owners.
At his death, the patriarch Yarur presided over the Banco de Crédito e Inversiones (BCI), which was released in 1937 and has the distinction of being the only one in Chile that is still owned by its founders. Since 1991 is chaired by Luis Enrique Yarur, son of Charles.
Today is the fourth financial institution, with 11% of loans and returns on equity of 24%, and among the 20 largest banks in the region. In 2003 the Bank acquired Conosur at about U.S. $ 100 million.
Furthermore, Yarur own over 50% of Viña Morandé.
José Said Saffie (age 72) multiplied the family fortune and is among the most affluent persons in Chile and Latin America, as owner of 21% of Parque Arauco, 16% BHIF Bank-BBVA, which concentrates 7% of loans, 25% of Andina Bottling, 30% of Factorline, factoring the fourth largest in the country, 48% of Edelpa, the largest flexible packaging and 50% of Clínica Reñaca.
In the area of the mall has invested in Argentina, where Parque Arauco owns 27% of Alto Palermo, a company that manages eight shopping centers, including Patio Bullrich and unique Market Hall.
Apart from the groups spearheading the cousins José Said Saffie, Jaime Said Demaria and his uncle, Domingo Said Kattan, there is another branch that descends from the businessman born in Bethlehem Issa Said Sahuire: that of Antonio Said Kattan, brother of Domingo. This is the only one still remains in the textile sector. At 92 years, heads Fibratex Textiles Manufacturing. It also has real estate investment and action by the Electronic Stock Exchange.
A group met in 1986 under the name of the Ten Mosques, whose history dates back to 1986. Then Carlos Abumohor called Espir Aguad, Alejandro Kauak, Munir Khamis, Selum Jorge Fernando Abuhadba and pairs of Odde Rishmague with Solomon and Domingo Díaz and Álvaro Saieh with Juan Rafael Gutiérrez (the only non-Arab) to form a bank, conscious that the textile industry was in decline.
The economic boom enjoyed by Chilean society was formed by Arab Investment, a financial firm where the individual contribution was U.S. $ 1 million. Saieh took over as manager.
Two years later, he merged the Bank of Labor, making it the third of the square. In the early 1990s formed subgroups to start new businesses. First was the purchase of AFP Provida, in 1993 - six years later sold to BBVA for U.S. $ 260 billion, where through participating INECSA Saieh only, the Diaz family, Fernando Aguad the Abumohor and Rishmague Odde.
This operation was later joined Interbanc purchases of Peru and insurance companies Mass and compensates. In 1995 was born on holding Inversiones Financieras SA (Infisa), where Saieh kept 51% of the property.
That year the Bank purchased Infisa Sonami Conception to U.S. $ 60 million to merge with Osorno. But they accepted the offer of Banco Santander: nearly $ 500 million by the Osorno. At that time Juan Gutiérrez left the group. Khamis and later emigrated Kauak.
Consolidated acquired in Venezuela and in Argentina the Buci, who later disposed of. Here AFP acquired the Union and Financial Protection and Condell. In 1997, seeking to give a new image and profile, the Concepción was renamed Infisa Corpbanca and became the holding Corpgroup.
Saieh, Abumohor, Rishmague Díaz Cumsille, Selum and remain in Corpgroup Aguad. The bag placed in holding 24.9% of Corpbanca in November 2002 and exactly one


text:
The Adult Content Detection function classifies the documents as adult or noadult based on their context. It can be used to detect whether a document contains content unsuitable for minors.
The Commercial Detection function labels the documents as commercial or non-commercial based on their keywords and expressions. It can be used to detect whether a website is commercial or not.
The Educational Detection function classifies the documents as educational or non-educational based on their context. It can be used to detect whether a website is educational or not.
The Gender Detection function identifies if a particular document is written-by or targets-to a man or a woman based on the context, the words and the idioms found in the text.
The Language Detection function identifies the natural language of the given document based on its words and context. This classifier is able to detect 96 different languages.
The Spam Detection function labels documents as spam or nospam by taking into account their context. It can be used to filter out spam emails and comments.
# Introduction What does your API do? Get the virality score of your picture on socail media. # Overview Things that the developers should know about The API accepts the input parameters as form-data. Response will be in JSON as shown below:...


text:
|Excel Timesheets||Add & Convert||General Knowledge|
|Part A. Create a basic Excel Timesheet||Add up Hours in Excel||How does excel calculate hours|
|Part B. Insert Unpaid Lunch Breaks||Convert Conventional Hours into a Decimal #||How does excel calculate dates|
|Part C. Calculate Overtime Pay||Convert Hours and Minutes into Minutes||Express Log in and Log out in Excel|
|Timesheets for Night Shifts||Average Hours ignoring Zero's and Error Values||Entering only the last 2 digits of a year|
Convert conventional Hours into a decimal NumberConvert hours into a Decimal Number. Use a calculator or Excel. Here is how:
Question: How do I convert conventional hours into a decimal number?
To convert hours using a calculator:
USING A CALCULATOR:
If you need to pay a worker in a hurry, and would like to use a calculator, here is what you can do to convert the time to a decimal number:
Step 1: Divide the minute portion of the time worked into 60
Step 2: Add the decimal number obtained to the hour portion.
Example: My worker worked for 4hr 23 min at a rate of $13.50. How much do I pay him?
Step 1: Divide: 23 / 60 = 0.38
Step 2: Add: 4 + 0.38 = 4.38
To pay your worker, multiply 4.38 by $13.50
If you like to use excel:
Step 1 In cell A1, Enter the time as hh:mm
Step 2 In Cell B1, type =(A1)*24
Step 3 Change the format of Cell B to "Number" with 2 decimal places.
Step 1 In cell A1 Type 4:23
Step 2 In cell B1 Type =(A1)*24
Step 3 Change the format of cell B to "Number" with 2 decimal places. You will now see 4.38
To pay your worker, enter in cell C1 =(b1*13.50)
It's the learn Fizz that does the Bizz.


text:
The Comparison of the Effect of Honey, Dextromethorphan, and Diphenhydramine on the Nightly Cough and Sleep Quality of Children and Their Parents
The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, July 12, 2010
Objectives: Coughing is a prevalent symptom of upper respiratory infections (URIs) that cause disturbance in the sleep of children and their parents. There is as yet no reliable treatment to control URIs and their related cough; however, drugs such as dextromethorphan (DM) and diphenhydramine (DPH) are now mainly used in the world. The aim of this study is to compare the effect of honey, DM, and DPH on the nightly cough and sleep quality of children and their parents.
Design: This was a clinical trial study in which 139 children aged 24–60 months suffering from coughing due to URIs were selected and assigned randomly to 4 groups. The first group received honey (HG), the second one DM (DMG), the third DPH (DPHG), but the fourth group or control group (CG) was assigned to a supportive treatment.
Outcome measures: After approximately a 24-hour intervention, the 4 groups were reexamined and their cough frequency, cough severity, and sleep quality in children and their parents were recorded by using the questionnaire with Likert-type questions.
Results: The mean of cough frequency score HG is 4.09±0.72 and 1.93±0.65 before and after the intervention, respectively, while these figures for the CG are 4.11±0.78 and 3.11±0.57, respectively. After the intervention, the difference of the mean score of the variables in all groups became statistically significant. The mean score of all variables in HG has stood significantly higher than those in other groups. There is also a significant relationship between the DMG and CG groups, even though there is no statistically difference between DMG and DPHG groups.
Conclusions: The result of the study demonstrated that receiving a 2.5-mL dose of honey before sleep has a more alleviating effect on URIs-induced cough compared with DM and DPH doses.


Asymmetrical learning between a tactile and visual serial RT task
Abrahamse, Elger L. and Lubbe van der, Rob H.J. and Verwey, Willem B. (2007) Asymmetrical learning between a tactile and visual serial RT task. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 61 (2). pp. 210-217. ISSN _PHONE_
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Abstract:According to many researchers, implicit learning in the serial reaction-time task is predominantly motor based and therefore should be independent of stimulus modality. Previous research on the task, however, has focused almost completely on the visual domain. Here we investigated sequence learning when the imperative stimuli were presented tactilely to the fingers. Learning in this task was compared to sequence learning in a typical visual task, using very similar experimental conditions. The results indicate that sequential learning occurs in the tactile task, though to a lesser degree than in its visual counterpart. Furthermore, there was similar cross-modal transfer in both directions, meaning that transfer from the visual to the tactile task was partial. It is proposed that sequence learning involves a stimulus-specific component in the visual but not in the tactile task.
Item Type:Article
Copyright:© 2007 The Experimental Psychology Society
Behavioural Sciences (BS)
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in the shower, before hitting the trail. These devices can take some getting used to and can easily spill or leak if you haven't practiced.
 - Outdoors, find an appropriate spot.
 - Hold the funnel close to your body.
 - Let go, and aim the flow away.
 - Clean your pee funnel off with water (200 feet away from the source).
 - Store the funnel in a sealable plastic bag or carrying case.
Squatting is a super simple, often-used, and convenient method. It doesn't require any extra gear or much practice, though there is the risk of splattering.
 - Find an appropriate spot. Soft ground will better absorb the flow versus splattering it.
 - Drop your pants or shorts below your knees and out of the way.
 - Squat low. Consider holding onto a tree for balance.
 - Keep any downhill flow away from your feet.
Sitting is a less common option, but Kathleen Meyer, outdoorswoman, former river guide, and author of How to Shit in the Woods: An environmentally sound approach to a lost art, offers this step-by-step guide on peeing while sitting and still keeping your pants clean:
 - Find a secluded spot with two rocks and/or logs, where you can sit on one and prop your feet up on the other.
 - Slide down your pants or shorts.
 - Set yourself on the edge of one surface.
 - Prop your feet on the other surface (you're essentially creating a wilderness potty chair).
 - Eliminate.
How to Use a Pee Cloth
If you don't want to pack out used toilet paper but do want to remove dampness, consider a pee cloth. Also called a pee rag or peedanna, a pee cloth is a reusable piece of cloth to wipe with after urinating (and only after urinating). It can reduce waste and the risk of chafing.
You can make your own pee cloth rag out of a bandana or a small microfiber towel, such as an extra small Packtowl. Or you can buy a ready-made option like the Kula Cloth, which snaps closed, has a waterproof outer layer, and is antimicrobial thanks to a silver treatment. Other options include Animosa P* Off ClothsWander Wipes, and WeeRags
Follow the directions of your product, but generally to use a pee cloth:
 - Wipe with the absorbent side after peeing.
 - Snap closed.
 - Hang outside your pack and/or in the sun to dry.
 - If camping overnight, stow it away with other smellables.
 - On the trail, periodically rinse your rag with water (200 feet away from water sources) and, if needed, a little biodegradable soap.
 - Back at home, wash it with your laundry.
Leave No Trace offers this video on how to use a pee rag:
Number Two, How to Poop Outdoors
If a toilet is available, like this Canadian outhouse, use it. (Photo: Ben Lawhon)
Once you're out of range of that trailhead toilet, your options for dealing with number two are fairly simple: you can dig a hole and bury your solid waste, or you can pack it out. Those are the main methods Leave No Trace advocates, and those most widely used.
Two important things to know before heading out:
First, follow the area land manager's guidelines. If the Forest Service says thou shalt pack out waste, then arm thyself with a waste bag or other receptacle and follow the rules. "Talking to whatever land manager is in a given area is the most important thing of all. Find out what they feel is most appropriate. Don't assume," said Martin.
Second, know and follow as many of the four objectives Leave No Trace outlines for backcountry waste disposal as possible:
 1. Minimize the chance of water pollution.
 2. Minimize the spread of disease.
 3. Minimize aesthetic impact.
 4. Maximize decomposition rate.
Digging and Burying: Catholes and Latrines
A trowel, like TheTentLab's Deuce of Spades, is essential to dig and bury. (Photo: Mike Mineart)
In places that don't have a specific pack-it-out rule, digging a cathole and burying feces is the most common backcountry waste disposal method. "It's our primary recommendation, if no toilet facilities are provided. We always default to a cathole for most terrestrial environments," Lawhon said.
A properly sited and dug cathole has many advantages:
 - Catholes are generally easy to dig and easy to disguise afterward.
 - They're private, and it's easy to select a remote site other hikers won't encounter.
 - They also disperse waste, enhancing decomposition.
Key to digging is finding a spot with organic soil and having a small, sturdy trowel. Even if you think you'll be near an actual toilet, there's always the chance you'll need to make an urgent stop on the trail, so make a trowel part of your essential gear. If you know the length of your trowel, you can use it as a measurement tool when digging. (Check out and compare camp trowels and shovels.)
How to dig a cathole:
 - Find a site at least 200 feet (70 big steps) away from water, trails, and campsites, in organic soil to facilitate decomposition, and ideally near thick underbrush, decaying logs, or any places others aren't likely to encounter it.
 - Did a hole six to eight inches deep and four to six inches wide.
 - Squat over the hole and leave your deposit directly in it.
 - Once you're done, fill in and cover the hole, disguising it with ground material.
 - Do not touch the waste with your trowel.
 - Scatter catholes if you're spending more than one night in an area, or if you're camping in a group.
 - Avoid digging catholes in areas where the waste is unable to break down, such as arctic, desert, or alpine environments (see Unique Environments below).
Dig catholes 6-8 inches deep and 200 feet from water, trails, and campsites. (© Leave No Trace Center for Outdoor Ethics)
Keep in mind that in shallow catholes, pathogens can remain a health hazard for a year, according to Leave No Trace: A Guide to the New Wilderness Etiquette by Annette McGivney. So, once you've found an appropriate spot, dig the full six to eight inches deep.
And once you're done, take a moment to make sure your cathole isn't visible. "Just because there's nobody there doesn't mean it's not heavily used," said Martin. "If I'm going to use the bathroom in the woods, I don't want anyone to find it ever again."
Leave No Trace offers this video on how to dig a cathole:
What about if you don't have time to dig a cathole?
Sometimes you have to go to the bathroom right now, and don't have time to dig a cathole. What then? Easy—just poop on the ground, then dig the cathole next to it, use a stick to move the poop into the hole, cover, and disguise.
When and How to Dig a Latrine
Latrines are not commonly used, but you should opt for a designated latrine site "if you're going to be in a large group in one area for an extended period of time, or if you're going to be in a group of people you aren't certain can properly dig catholes," Lawhon said, such as "kids or others who might not choose a good cathole site or dig correctly."
A latrine is not the same as a pit toilet. Leave No Trace recommends a latrine be essentially a long cathole.
 - Dig a trench that is 6 to 8 inches deep, 4 to 6 inches wide, and as long as needed for your group.
 - Start at one end, and cover up as deposits are made.
 - Follow the same requirements for site selection and depth as you do a single cathole site: a minimum of 200 feet away from water, trails, and campsites, in organic soil.
Because they have a greater concentration of waste-to-soil, the waste in latrines can take longer to decompose than in catholes, up to three years, according to Leave No Trace by McGivney. Therefore, latrines should only be used when necessary.
Leave No Trace offers this video on how to dig a latrine if you'll be in a large group:
What about toilet paper and wipes?
Aside from your number two deposit, the only other item allowed in your cathole or latrine is white, non-perfumed toilet paper, according to Leave No Trace. Personal wipes and sanitary products should always be packed out, since their materials decompose much slower.
However, many outdoors people have differing opinions on whether toilet paper is even appropriate to leave behind in the earth. Depending on the habitat and how fast buried waste breaks down, toilet paper can remain long after feces. Even in a proper cathole, it can take up to a year to break down, so leaving it should be a last resort. That said, if you do decide to bury your toilet paper, make sure to bury it deeply in the hole with a stick,


Page last updated at 16:07 GMT, Friday, 6 June 2008 17:07 UK
Missile practice for Moon mission
By Judith Burns
BBC News
Penetrator missiles were fired into a wall of sand at 1,100km/h (700mph)
Tests on a UK-led technology at the heart of a planned Moon mission have been a spectacular success, according to the experts involved in the project.
Three penetrator missiles were fired into a sand bunker in Wales, designed to mimic the lunar surface.
Professor Alan Smith, of the Mullard Space Science Laboratory, told BBC News the results had exceeded expectations.
He is a leading figure in the Moonlite mission, which hopes to fire instruments into the Moon in 2013.
A BBC team witnessed the final day of the tests at the Ministry of Defence (MoD) test site at Pendine, near Tenby.
The site has been open since 1940 but is now operated by Qinetiq, the privatised MoD spin-off company which developed the penetrator technology.
Three projectiles were tested on three consecutive days at the end of May.
They look like missiles but, rather than exploding on impact, they are designed to stay intact to protect the scientific instruments inside.
An animation of the penetrator missile hitting the lunar surface
The Moonlite mission plans to fire four penetrators into the lunar surface from an orbiting spacecraft. They will come to rest three metres (10ft) underground.
The onboard instruments will send back a mass of information, everything from seismic activity and mineral composition to the underground temperature.
Sand blasted
Security at Pendine was tight - we had to show passports to gain entry. The high-speed test track is set in a large area of sand dunes paradoxically full of birds and flowers.
Professor Alan Smith explains how the penetrator missiles are tested
It's a hard hat site; during the firing itself, all staff must take cover. We were actually confined to the control centre.
Earlier, we saw scientists loading instruments into the third and final penetrator to be tested.
The purpose of the test firings was to check how well the penetrators would withstand being slammed into several tonnes of sand at 1,100km/h (700mph) and whether the instruments inside would survive.
The difference between the penetrators that had already been fired and the one that had yet to be tested was striking.
The blue paint on the fired ones was scraped off and the steel nose cones were distorted.
But despite their battered appearance, Peter Truss of Qinetiq confirmed that they had done their job and protected the instruments inside: "our confidence is growing with every test".
Qinetiq not only contributed to the missile derived design of the penetrators themselves, but to the batteries and communication systems they will carry.
Ultimately, the plan will be to apply this technology to other rocky planets and moons in the Solar System, particularly to Jupiter's icy moon Europa, which may have an ocean below its frozen surface.
Other candidates include Saturn's moons Titan and Enceladus.
Deep space
Until now, missions have only been able to scrape the surface of other planets.
"We're developing the technologies now to enable a much more in-depth analysis of these planetary bodies and with the increase in technology that we can apply to these problems, all sorts of possibilities open up," explained Peter Truss.
Graphic of a penetrator missile (Image: MSSL/UCL)
The other advantage of penetrators is that it's easier to fire into a rocky planet than to land gently on the surface.
Loading and safety checks complete, the penetrator was driven out to the test track. This stretches 1,500m through the sand dunes but the penetrator and its rockets were strapped to a firing sled 300m from the target.
We retired to the control room and looked on as scientists waited anxiously for the final countdown. When it came, the firing shattered the quiet with a reverberating bang. There were cheers from the scientists at the completion of the last test.
Then it was time to break cover and head down to the sand bunker with a metal detector and some shovels to locate the penetrator and dig it out. Researchers measured how far it had pushed into the sand and collected samples.
In each test, the penetrators described a curved trajectory upwards through the sand, ending up only slightly below the surface.
Intruigingly, they also turned the sand they touched black, possibly as a result of its high coal content reacting to the heat.
Speaking later, back at the Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Professor Smith said Nasa and the European Space Agency were showing interest.
"The results have been spectacular and the space agencies are sitting up and taking notice," he said.
"Before now it had all been on paper. Now we have real hardware to show them."
Britain's Moon shot takes shape
06 Jun 08 | Science/Nature
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Ministers consider UK astronauts
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Britain plans first Moon mission
10 Jan 07 | Science/Nature
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