text:
History of Horse Boarding at WRSHP
History of Horse Boarding at WRSHP
For most of the last 50 years, privately owned horses could be boarded at the stables and pastures of WRSHP. Unfortunately, the demands of running a boarding stable sometimes conflicted with preserving the Park as a public memorial to Will Rogers. Horse boarding—for the explicit purpose of establishing a regular polo program—began in 1952. At first, there were 19 boarded horses, but by 1968 there were 85 horses. By 1974 the limit had been raised to 100 horses, but 114 were actually living at the Park. During Will Rogers' lifetime, only 20 to 30 horses were on the ranch. The growth in boarding accompanied increasing public complaints of exclusivity and monopoly, finally provoking an investigation by the State Auditor General in 1974. The Auditor General found that the concessionaire had constructed new facilities without approval, and that the number of horses maintained in the park consistently exceeded the allowable maximum. It also reported testimony that the public was effectively excluded from some parts of the unit.
The Department adopted a Horse Management Plan in September, 1979. The objective of the plan was to provide more access for the visiting public and complete interpretation of the grounds at the Park. It contained the following policies:
- Continue horse presence in the unit;
- Continue polo games;
- Limit horses stabled on the grounds to 32;
- Restore Hart and Mitt Canyons [which had been cluttered with pipe corrals]; and
- Maintenance of the Stable should be a Department responsibility.
This plan remained in effect as a Commission policy until superseded in 1992 by a General Plan for the Park. The General Plan raised the maximum number of boarded horses from 32 to 45. A series of concessionaires ran equestrian activities at the Park until 1997. Initially, the Department received no fees from the concessionaires, who were expected to maintain the Polo Field in exchange for use of the facilities.
Beginning in 1963, the Department began receiving payments as well as specifying maintenance obligations. By 1967 Park managers were beginning to look to these contracts as a source of revenue. Although the Department had separate contracts for polo, riding lessons, and trail riding, it decided to combine all equestrian operations into a single concession. The idea was that a single equestrian operation would "be allowed to generate sufficient income to maintain all facilities and to coordinate all horse activities." The goal of generating income to maintain all Park facilities seems to have driven subsequent concession contracts.
By the early 1960s, complaints were mounting about the concessions. Under the initial polo contract, there was a great deal of resentment at the so-called monopoly that the concessionaire enjoyed. Once other equestrian activities were added to the concession contract, there were complaints that the number of horses exceeded the contract limit, and that the horses caused erosion problems.
By the early 1980s, the Department received citizen complaints of irregularities in the polo operation, of failure to maintain the facilities, and of exclusion of non-boarder equestrians from the park. At about this time, Will Rogers' family began to express concerns over restricting public access to the Park and inadequate maintenance of the historic Stable. Other public comments received on the draft General Plan expressed concern that the equestrian activities offered did not reflect those of the historic era, when Will Rogers played polo and enjoyed roping on his ranch. To balance the concerns about the historic Stable and the need to generate revenue to maintain the Park, the General Plan allows only 10 horses to be boarded in the stable, while raising the total number in the park to 45.
In the early 1990s, the Will Rogers Cooperative Association ran the concession. The Association's goal was to use the funds generated by the equestrian operations to restore the historic facilities and support interpretive programs. Perhaps exacerbated by the immediate need to remove boarded horses from the Stable during the restoration of that structure, their tenure was involved from the beginning in controversy with the boarders and the polo club.
When the Cooperative Association's four-year tenure ended in 1997, the Department attempted to change its approach to the situation. It contracted with a manager to run the equestrian operations, while turning maintenance of the Stable over to Park staff. When criticism continued, a second management contract was tried. Finally, the Department established the equestrian operation as a lease in February, 2000.


From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Runglish, Rublish, Ringlish, Ruglish or Russlish (Russian: рунглийский язык or рунглиш, rungliyskiy yazyk or runglish), is a Russian–English macaronic language. The term "runglish" was popularized in 2000 as a name for one of the languages aboard the International Space Station. Cosmonaut Sergei Krikalyov said: "We say jokingly that we communicate in 'Runglish,' a mixture of Russian and English languages, so that when we are short of words in one language we can use the other, because all the crew members speak both languages well." NASA has since begun listing Runglish as one of the on-board languages.[1] Although less widespread than other pidgins and creoles, such as Tok Pisin, Runglish is spoken in a number of English-Russian communities, most notably the Russian-speaking community of Brighton Beach in Brooklyn, New York.[2]
In literature[edit]
Some notable novels have foreshadowed the development of Runglish. A small subplot in Arthur C. Clarke's novel 2010: Odyssey Two concerned the crew of a Russo-American spaceship, who attempted to break down boredom with a Stamp Out Russlish!! campaign. As the story went, both crews were fully fluent in each other's languages, to the point that they found themselves crossing over languages in mid-conversation, or even simply speaking the other language even when there was no-one who had it as their native tongue present. Anthony Burgess' novel A Clockwork Orange has a famous form of Runglish called Nadsat. (See: Concordance: A Clockwork Orange)
Official resistance[edit]
The Russian government declared 2007 to be the "Year of the Russian Language". It has been claimed that this was in part to give support to what is seen as proper Russian against such influences as the spread of English and Runglish.[3] However, Yuri Prokhorov, the head of the Russian State Institute of Foreign Languages, stated that "Young people always develop fashionable ways of communicating. (But) it is Russian words used incorrectly that damages the purity of the language, not the introduction of foreign words."[3]
 - Appointments: Аппойнтменты (Appointmyenti)[2]
 - Iced Coffee: Аисд кофе (Aysd kofe)[2]
 - Would you like that sliced or in one piece?: Вам наслайсовать или писом? (Vam naslaysovat' ili pisom?)[4]
 - Driving upstate on the highways: Драйвуем в апстейт по хайвеям (Draivuyem v apsteit po haiveyam)[5]
 - Sliced Cheese: Слайсающий чиз (Slaysayushiy chiz)[5]
 - To merge branches: Смержить бранчи (Smerzhit' branchi)[2]
 1. ^ "The Expedition One Crew".
 2. ^ a b c d Feuer, Alan (14 June 2005). "For the Thirsty Runglish Speaker: Try an Ized Cyawfeh". New York Times. Retrieved 23 May 2010.
 3. ^ a b Blomfield, Adrian (12 September 2007). "English invades Russian language". London: Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 23 May 2010.
 4. ^ Klepach, I. "Наши люди в Америке (Our people in America)". Mainbruecke (in Russian). Retrieved 14 September 2010.
 5. ^ a b Mariupolsky, Konstantine (26 May 2005). "The inevitable birth of Runlgish – When Russian and English merge". Voices that must be heard. New York Community Media Alliance. Retrieved 14 September 2010.
 1. ^ Блог Ruglish -


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text:
Counting the cost of 'virtual water'
Even if you use water sparingly and take 3 minute showers, you could be using much more than your fair share of water.
90% of the water we use each day comes from our food, so if you waste food or make the wrong choices in the supermarket, you could be wasting water.
Professor Tony Allan is a global water expert, and developed the influential concept of 'virtual water' to quantify the quantities of water embedded in food and other commodities.
He joined RN Drive to discuss the role water plays in food supply chains and the problems faced by farmers producing food.
- Professor Tony Allan
- Global water expert from of Kings College, London
- Georgia Moodie

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository
(Redirected from Murad IV)
English: Murad IV (Ottoman Turkish: مراد رابع Murād-i rābi') (June 16, 1612 – February 9, 1640) was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1623 to 1640. Murad IV was the son of Sultan Ahmed I (1603–17) and the Greek-born Sultana Kösem Sultan. Brought to power by a palace conspiracy in 1623, he succeeded his mad uncle Mustafa I (1617–18, 1622–23). He was only eleven when he took the throne.
This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


The wiki for begins with "A hash map (or hash table) is a data structure", implying that the tag has the same meaning as (e.g., it is not intended for labeling the Java classes). Therefore it seems that these should be made synonyms, but as a non-programmer I am not certain if there is some subtle distinction intended (which should be made explicit in the wiki by someone who know the intent).
Since currently has 4,377 questions and only 2,124, it seems that the former should be the canonical tag name.
It seems that there is also a lack of clarity in, which (based on the most recent 15 questions) seems to be used often to refer to the hash table data structure (e.g., in Perl or Ruby).
and would also seem to be synonyms based on the wiki for beginning "A hash function is any well-defined procedure or mathematical function".
Someone with more than half a clue should probably resolve this issue (whether by editing wiki entries to clarify distinctions or proposing the appropriate synonyms).
The first pair is actually even more grey-area than that since Java has both a (legacy) HashTable class as well as the newer HashMap class. – Brian Roach Apr 26 at 19:15
_USER_ I noticed (and noted—"e.g., it is not intended for labeling the Java classes"—one of the recent questions was for the difference between these Java classes) that aspect, which is why I suggested that editing the wiki entries might be an alternative solution. I suspect that the differences are not sufficiently broadly recognized or significant to justify different tags. Using standard class names for tags (even for popular classes in popular languages) is probably not good practice. Perhaps hyphenating the tag would make the distinction clear—I was surprised they were not. – Paul A. Clayton Apr 26 at 19:31
"Hash table" is the most language-neutral, canonical term (which is why Java chose it originally, of course). The greater popularity of the hashmap tag on SO is only because of Java's influence, and that is only because they needed a non-taken name when they reimplemented the class. – Boann Sep 30 at 15:04
1 Answer 1
The grey area isn't just between and. In Ruby, the built-in dictionary/map class is called Hash, so 99% of the Ruby questions should probably be instead.
Perhaps itself should be removed since it leads to such confusion. That would leave the much clearer and.
Adding a hyphen might also reduce the confusion with the class names (i.e., [hash-table] or [hash-map]). These tags are not intended to refer to classes. – Paul A. Clayton Sep 30 at 15:07
Have fun going through about 11000 questions mapped [hash] and applying the better tags. Now, synonymizing hash to hash-function might be useful. – Deduplicator Nov 2 at 1:35
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Quick Answer: What Is The Difference Between Dnar And DNR?
How do I choose a DNR?
This can only be done with your consent.
Why do doctors push DNR?
In some cases, as with your grandad, doctors may decide that there should be no attempt to resuscitate a person if they have a cardiac arrest or stop breathing. This is called a DNACPR (do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation) order, often shortened to a DNR or DNAR.
Does DNR mean do not treat?
DNR stands for Do Not Revive or Do Not Resuscitate If patients have DNR orders completed, they are likely to have a better quality of life/quality of death than if they do not complete a medical order like this."
Is a DNR the same as a living will?
Is DNR a good idea?
A DNR could cost you your life. Having a DNR means that if your heart stops or you can't breathe, medical staff will let you die naturally, instead of rushing to give you cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Correctly interpreted, a DNR bars just that one procedure — resuscitation.
Why would someone have a DNR?
A do-not-resuscitate (DNR) order can also be part of an advance directive. Hospital staff try to help any patient whose heart has stopped or who has stopped breathing. They do this with cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). A DNR is a request not to have CPR if your heart stops or if you stop breathing.
What are the 3 types of advance directives?
Types of Advance DirectivesThe living will. … Durable power of attorney for health care/Medical power of attorney. … POLST (Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment) … Do not resuscitate (DNR) orders. … Organ and tissue donation.
What's a DNR in GREY's anatomy?
do not resuscitate orderPrior to the surgery and fully aware of her dismal prognosis, this character had signed a "do not resuscitate order," or DNR, the medicolegal document that makes known a patient's wish not to undergo resuscitation in the event of cardiopulmonary arrest.
What does Dnar mean?
What is a DNAR form? A Do Not Attempt Resuscitation form is a document issued and signed by a doctor, which tells your medical team not to attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).
What is another name for DNR?
Why would a doctor ask about DNR?
DNR notices are used to stop patients suffering needlessly when their lives are only likely to be extended for a short period. Medical experts say 15 per cent of patients at most are brought back to life, and some suffer permanent brain damage.
Can you intubate a DNR patient?
DNR means that no CPR (chest compressions, cardiac drugs, or placement of a breathing tube) will be performed. A DNI or "Do Not Intubate" order means that chest compressions and cardiac drugs may be used, but no breathing tube will be placed.
Does DNR mean no IV fluids?
What Doesn't DNR Mean? A Do Not Resuscitate order does not mean "do not treat" if a condition arises where treatments such as antibiotics, oxygen or IV fluids would be beneficial.
How do you explain DNR to patients?
Are there different levels of DNR?
Level 2: Stay in the facility and receive all medications and treatments possible within the facility. Level 3: Be transferred to a hospital from a nursing facility but not given CPR or taken to intensive care. Level 4: Be taken to a hospital and given all possible medical interventions.
Can a healthy person have a DNR?
Because it is a real-time medical order, a DNR would typically not be in place for a healthy person who would likely wish to be resuscitated.
Does DNR mean no oxygen?
A DNR order does not mean that no medical assistance will be given. For example, emergency care and other health care providers may continue to administer oxygen therapy, control bleeding, position for comfort, and provide pain medication and emotional support.
Why is DNR bad?
Poor records Furthermore because the healthcare professional who issues the DNR order may be reluctant to formally record it in the patient's record, it may be passed on verbally to staff and relatives may never even know that CPR was not attempted on their loved one.


Unit Theme: How Global Are We?
Global Issue: Population/Migration and Changing Needs
Essential Unit Question: How will knowledge of other languages and cultures enable us to collaborate in seeking solutions to global issues in an interdependent world?
Targeted Question: What role do urban parks play in cities?
What constitutes a successful urban space?
Why do we need to continue to create and maintain parks?
Learning Scenario: Urban parks exist in every culture and are a magnet for bringing people of all ages and interests together. They exist in many sizes and forms from the sprawling and lush XiHu in Hangzhou, China that serves a city of six million to the compact Parque Central in Heredia, Costa Rica that serves a city of 70,000. For centuries, parks have served an important social function and ecological role in our ever expanding cities. As population density increases, the importance of parks increases as well.
In this unit, students will explore parks in target language cities. Building upon the language they acquire in studying both the infrastructure of parks and the functions parks serve in society, students will then move on to discuss the role of parks in their own community and in their lives. Additionally, they will discuss the impact population growth has on city planning for recreational areas. Working in groups, students will participate in an international competition to locate and plan new parks in target language cities.
Proficiency Level(s): Novice High
Grades: 6-10
Length of Unit: Dependent on minutes and frequency of instruction in the program
Interdisciplinary Connection: World Languages, Science and Social Studies


EviSachini EKT portraited5
Evi Sachini is the Director of the National Documentation Centre (EKT), the national institution for documentation, information and support on science, research and technology issues. She is also member of the board of directors of the National Hellenic Research Foundation and member of the Board of Directors of the Greek Network for Research and Technology (GRNET). She holds a PhD in Chemical Engineering from the National Technical University of Athens. Dr. Sachini has substantially contributed to the cultivation of the Greek knowledge ecosystem and has led a number of important initiatives in the area of reliable digital content. As a national expert and representative to the European Commission and OECD, she has advised on issues of R&D and Innovation, management and exploitation of knowledge capital. She has published a series of reports relating to areas of research policy, development and innovation.
Founded in 1980, under the United Nations Development Programme, the National Documentation Centre is integrated with the National Hellenic Research Foundation and is supervised by the General Secretariat for Research and Technology (GSRT) of the Ministry for Education, Research and Religious Affairs.
Dr Evi Sachini talked to Greek News Agenda* on the role and activities of the National Documentation Centre, which include accessibility to digital content regarding scientific research, production of the national statistics for Research, Development and Innovation and connection of research and innovation to entrepreneurship. Dr Sachini also stressed EKT's contribution to the preservation of the Greek cultural heritage through its portal, searchculture, which offers access to digital cultural content from 55 collections of 43 respected institutions. She further elaborates on how EKT helps Small and Medium Enterprises, including start-ups, to innovate and grow internationally. Dr Sachini underlines that EKT supports a virtuous policy making and entrepreneurial decision-making circle by providing research, technology and innovation statistics and informed analyses. Finally, she stresses that the national policies on Research, Development and Innovation, the highly skilled R&D human resources and high scientific quality research that is performed in specific niches of excellence, make her optimistic for the future and for the ability of the country to integrate its research and innovation dynamic in its new growth and productive model:
What is the role and main activities of EKT as regards the diffusion of knowledge?
Knowledge-intensive activities are a major source of potential economic growth for Greece as a means to exit the economic crisis. Towards this goal, and in accordance with our mission to collect, document, manage, disseminate and preserve quality digital content and data produced by the Greek scientific, research and cultural communities, EKT performs the following actions.
Firstly, in terms of digital content, a) we make available digital data and information accessible within the scientific, research and cultural communities (eContent), b) we disseminate and promote trustworthy Greek content on an international level, c) we have developed electronic infrastructures with an effective mechanism for collecting and searching content and data (Open Access, Open Science), and d) we provide SaaS services (Software as a Service) including digital repositories, such as openABEKT.
As the designated organization responsible for the production of the national statistics for Research, Development and Innovation (RDI), EKT is very actively pursuing the enhancement of understanding of the national innovation system. To meet this end, EKT not only provides statistical data on various aspects of the national and regional research, technology and innovation system, but also puts data into context. In other words, it places statistical data within a geographical, sectoral, etc. context via dedicated and in-depth analysis of various RDI-related topics, and thus aspires to assist policy-making by the provision of up-to-date and comprehensive information.
On an international level, EKT participates in scientific conferences, presenting its contribution to RDI relevant issues (RDI statistics, public policy, dimensions of national innovation system, etc.). Lastly, EKT being a member of the Enterprise Europe Network, provides consulting services for international business partnerships, information on European policies, innovation and technology transfer and fosters the participation of SMEs in European Programmes for Research and Technology.
How is EKT contributing to the preservation of Greek cultural heritage?
EKT has been actively involved in the preservation and dissemination of cultural content for years. One of our first cultural content projects was Pandektis, the digital library of the National Hellenic Research Foundation's Institute of Historical Research collections. Last year we completed the development of a suite of comprehensive services initially offered to Cultural organizations that were beneficiaries of the last "Digital Convergence" Operational Programme Calls. These cloud services are offered on a Software as a Service model, enabling Greek cultural organizations to navigate the modern information environment, where everything is interoperable and connected. We developed a workflow for digital cultural content that includes safe long-term storage, quality control, standards-based documentation and aggregation.
End-users can now search for cultural content via our portal, SearchCulture.gr, an aggregator of cultural heritage content. SearchCulture.gr offers central access to and single search of digital cultural content of more than 160,000 documents from 55 collections of 43 respected institutions, ranging from museums and folk heritage organizations to archives and local cultural collections. It also establishes interoperability with major 3rd party search engines and portals like Europeana, thus making quality Greek cultural content more accessible and exploitable.
To further help safeguard Hellenic digital heritage, we provide a repositories service which is a comprehensive content publication service for authorised content producers. Various cultural organizations have used the service: the Acropolis Restoration Service has two repositories we created the one hosting their restoration archive and the other their educational content. We are also developing repositories for academic Art History collections, manuscripts, local art collectives and oral histories collections, Faculties of Art etc.
How does EKT measure the output and outcome of the Greek Research, Development and Innovation system?
Since 2012 EKT has been a member of the Hellenic National System (and by extension of the European Statistical System) and has been tasked with the provision of the official statistics on Research, Development and Innovation in Greece. In this capacity, EKT undertakes a series of Eurostat-approved and synchronized surveys on concerning research spending, personnel and innovation activities.
sliderEKT deiktes6
In addition, EKT is responsible for measuring a range of other research enablers and outcomes. For example, on matters of scientific publications, highly educated human capital, the performance of domestic research and business institutions in European research projects, the research infrastructure, female participation in research activities, the career of PhD holders, Greek participation in competitive EU R&D calls (under Framework Programmes /Horizon 2020), etc.
How is EKT supporting the collaboration between academia and businesses and the networking of Greek research organizations with those abroad? In what ways can innovative start-ups receive assistance from EKT?
By way of the provision of statistical data as well as via informed reporting and analysis, EKT supports the relevant policy makers in helping them make decisions based on updated information. By being coordinator of Enterprise Europe Network - Hellas, EKT provides a wide range of value-added services for SMEs using the concept of "one-stop-shop" and under the guise of a unique organizational mechanism-network. This can be broken down into three groups of related services. 1) Providing information to enterprises regarding European issues, such as finding foreign business partners and supporting outward-looking entrepreneurship. 2) Offering innovation and technology transfer services. 3) Promoting aspects of the knowledge triangle in Greece, focusing on higher education institutes' third mission and their contribution to national production and, 4) helping in accessing European funding, finding the appropriate partners, submitting proposals and helping in project implementation.
As regards innovative start-ups, let me start by saying that innovative SMEs, including start-ups, are claimed to play an important role in generating growth and employment, throughout Europe. According to Eurofound's latest annual report, young innovative SMEs with high international potential are the biggest recruiters in the European Union. Their growth is also expected to support the shift of the EU economy towards more knowledge-intensive activities.
Open Access 0034 169The National Documentation Centre, as National Contact Point for Horizon 2020 and Coordinator of the Enterprise Europe Network-Hellas supports SMEs, including start-ups to innovate and grow internationally. For example, Enterprise Europe Network-Hellas is a successful strategic alliance of business support organizations and networks, helping Greek business grow faster through commercial partnerships, access to finance and tailored support. It is a nationally distributed infrastructure of institutions and expertise, with extensive experience in cooperation at national level and distinguished performance in global networks. As a member of the Enterprise Europe Network, it collaborates with more than 600 organizations in 60 countries to find the best opportunities for Greek enterprises to grow.
During the period 2008-2016, Enterprise Europe Network-Hellas produced 740 international partnership agreements. 1,960 Greek profiles were disseminated in more than 60 countries. 645 company missions and brokerage events were organized and supported by the Enterprise Europe Network-Hellas.
How does EKT support evidence based policy making for research, technology and innovation and the transition to a knowledge-intensive development model?
Incentivizing sustainable and long-term economic growth is primarily based upon a policy mindset that takes into consideration the range of available quantitative and qualitative evidence relevant to each occasion and sensitive enough to adapt to societal and economic fluctuations. EKT being a provider of research, technology and innovation statistics and of informed analyses supports a virtuous policy making and entrepreneurial decision-making circle, by way of providing up-to-date evidence on the range of the topics involved. Indicative of that is the effort made to support the implementation and monitoring of smart specialization strategy in Greece, by providing regional RDI-relevant indicators, elaborated specifically for the purposes of the national strategy for growth.
What are the main


Be a Scientist: Learn about Triboluminescence (or, Lightning in your Mouth) *Updated*
Picture of Be a Scientist: Learn about Triboluminescence (or, Lightning in your Mouth) *Updated*
This is my entry into the Science Fair contest. This Instructable might be a bit elementary for some of you, but it is a lot of fun for those who have never tried it. Kids love it. If you like it (or if you don't) please tell me about your experience and please, rate my Instructable! Thank you.
Just a quick note: I was not able to capture photographs or videos of the reaction, so I am using images found on this interesting site. Lewis Kozlosky runs the site and has given me permission to use his photo. Thank you, Lewis!
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Step 1: The Scoop on Triboluminescence
Picture of The Scoop on Triboluminescence
Below is a bit of history scraped from a few sites.
The word Triboluminescence comes from the Greek word tribein, which means to rub, and the Latin word lumen, which means light. Triboluminescence occurs whenever asymmetrical bonds in a crystal are scratched or rubbed. The light we see is the energy from the friction occurring on the crystal being absorbed by the electrons in the atoms, which is then put off as light. This is the same thing that happens when you see lightning, so triboluminescence is basically extremely small lightning. There are many ways to create triboluminescence, but we will focus on one of the easier and more productive and fun ways.
Triboluminescence was first reported in 1620 by Francis Bacon, who wrote: "It is well known that all sugar, whether candied or plain, if it be hard, will sparkle when broken or scraped in the dark." Sucrose, or sugar, is a crystal. By itself it is possible for triboluminescence to occur, but the sparks will be tiny and only slightly visible.
By adding a certain chemical, C8H8O3, which is 8 parts Carbon, 8 parts Hydrogen, and only 3 parts Oxygen. This chemical has a few names, such as methyl salicylate, but it is generally know by it's more common name, oil of wintergreen. The oil of wintergreen, when mixed with the sugar, will absorb the light put off by the sugar, which then is put off by the electrons as blue light. Blue is a highly visible color in our spectrum, which means that the light generated will be a lot brighter.
Though in the last paragraph I said that the flash was a lot brighter due to the oil of wintergreen, the flash was still too quick and small for me to capture on film or video. Another person who captured the flash had to use ISO 3200 film to capture it. Since I do not have that kind of technology, I was forced to use images off of the web. Another reason my camera might not be picking up the flash is because the light given off is a type my camera doesn't pick up. I like to see any pictures that y'all take.
Well, I'd say that's enough background. Let's get to the fun.
1-40 of 67Next »
Now my breath smells very strong of mint lol. Neat that I seen the effect in a handheld mirror in the bathroom, while standing in the shower!
I know it has been a long time since you posted this but just for future reference, put a camera in the dark very close to the reaction and put the camera on extended or long exposure. I will allow you to pick up miniscule amounts of light. Use a tripod though.
dthor727 years ago
This effect can also be done by taking two pieces of quartz and rubbing or striking them together. Best done in very dark situation, such as outside camping or a totally darkened room, also the more adjusted your eyes are to the dark, the better. Stones seem to spark and if the quartz is fairly transparent, the entire stone glows.
lhouse dthor723 years ago
This is also a property of piezoelectrics, one of the reasons electrons jump anywhere...
Sucrose happens to be on the list of peizo materials.
I just tried that and it is awsome!!!!! Mine were slightly whitish and they gave yellow sparks, but you had to kind of strike them kinda hard. Left a weird smell in the air too. kinda like the taste of a 9 volt battery on your tongue mixed with the smell of mineral rich rocks.
gmana dthor726 years ago
can u use any quartz(could u use rose quartz)
dthor72 gmana6 years ago
I don't see why not. I have found that the more transparent the stone is, the effect is better, with the whole stone glowing if it is glassy/transparent to more of a surface "spark" when the stones are milky or whitish. Either way make sure your eyes have gotten adjusted to the dark, this isn't a super bright effect unless you are in total darkness and your night vision is full on.
Isn't that how lighters work? Many of then create sparks with quartz.
Bran (author) dthor727 years ago
Yes, this was also one I had heard of. I've never been able to find two pieces of quartz (or have been a bit too lazy to try) but I've heard that bits and pieces of quartz fly off, potentially causing a small cut. Isn't wonderful how nature has so many "special" attributes, you know, more than what meets the eye?
You may just have to risk bodily injury to see them XD
owen1024 years ago
does it have that oil in it?
Pizzapie5005 years ago
Would this work with winter green altoids?
Klect9605 years ago
Im confused about this because im kinda dumb but do you just have to chew on a life saver in a dark room and you see sparks
acer737 years ago
I read about this in a magazine a while ago. I see that I'm not the only one on instructables who chews his nails.
Bran (author) acer737 years ago
I've tried to stop. I've tried the patches, the gum.... I just keep doing it, subconsciously.
acer73 Bran7 years ago
There are patches and gum? I never knew about that, unless you mean just to chew normal gum. It angers my dad like crazy but the good thing is that I never have to take the time to cut my nails.
Bran (author) acer737 years ago
I think it's hilarious (not making fun of you, but a lot of people don't "get" me) when I try to be sarcastic, but people think I'm serious. I meant to compare biting nails to smoking, as if I was "addicted". That would be awesome, however, if there were really patches and gum for chewing nails.
acer73 Bran7 years ago
I knew you were being sarcastic about the patches, but I went for a week or two by chewing gum instead of my nails. Then it got to expensive because I just wanted to chew gum. Biting nails is not even comparable to smoking, I think its because of a vitiamen defficency or somthing, my doctor said somthing about that. If they did make products about nail biting they wouldn't sell because people arn't that concerned about it.
Bran (author) acer737 years ago
I chew gum and toothpicks. That helps a bit, though I really aren't that concerned about my nails. True, nail biting isn't comparable to smoking, not nearly.
If you really want to stop biting your nails, try dipping your finger tips in vinegar. That helped me, its an old trick my grandmother told me.
acer73 Bran7 years ago
Of course not I'm not really concerned about it, but my mom said if she catches me once more then she will slap me. I won't bite my nails in front of her anymore.
BOOM5601 acer737 years ago
There is this nail polish stuff that is made to help people stop chewing their nails, or sucking their thumb etc. It tastes like shit (literally).
Bran (author) BOOM56017 years ago
Not to be offensive, but how do you know it tastes just like *fecal matter*? I never use my nails, so I don't bother worrying about biting them.
BOOM5601 Bran7 years ago
I learned the hard way.
I know too. On a boat we rented, the sewage tank exploded while we were emptying it and I got covered.
Worst. Vacation. Ever.
One time me and my mom had to empty our septic tank, and a water pipe exploded somewhere in it, oh god it was like hell at home, and then there the shit was flowing down my lawn, powered by the high pressure pipe shooting out water. I had to get like 10 vaccines, and then we had like biohazard cleaning it up, and we had to stay in a hotel for a while.
That must have been a big mess. But the only time I ever heard of someone getting 12 shots was a buddy in school. They lost his medical records so in 8 or 9th grade they vaccinate you, well no medical records means you need those shots again....all 12 of them.
*shudders*... excuse me... *


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For PKD patients, high creatinine level is very common in inspection report. Maybe you are still puzzled about the reason why creatinine level rises. Next, we will give you the answer. For high creatinine level, early treatment can help you avoid further damage. Except medicine treatment, dietotherapy also plays very important role in lower high creatinine level in PKD. Then, what diet can be used to lower high creatinine level in PKD? Please see the following.
First, let us know about the reason why creatinine level rises for PKD patients.
PKD(Polycystic Kidney Disease) is a genetic disease characterized by the growth of numerous cysts in the kidneys. As time goes on, these cysts can oppress kidney tissues and damage the nephron. As you can imagine, damaged kidneys can fail to work and the function of removing metabolic products also will decrease. Thus, the excess creatinine will accumulate in blood. When the creatinine level in blood is higher than normal, we call it high creatinine level. And in general, the higher the creatinine level means the worse the renal function.
Then what diet can be used to lower high creatinine level in PKD?
Because the high creatinine level in PKD is caused by the damaged kidney, the foods good to kidneys can contribute to lowering high creatinine level. In general, the dietary requirement of high creatinine level in PKD should be low-protein, low fat, high vitamins. Low protein means that the patients should eat small amount of protein, but the protein should be high quality, and best foods have lean meat, white egg, fish. Why you are advised to take low salt diet, because much salt intake can contribute to the growth of kidney cysts, swelling, high blood pressure, besides, it also can increase the work of kidneys and damage the kidneys. Besides, you also need to avoid stimulating foods, cigarette and alcohol.
What diet can be used to lower high creatinine level in PKD? Now, you should have the answer, any questions, you can leave them below or send then to _EMAIL_, and we will reply you soon.
Leave your problem to us,You will surely get the free medical advice from experts within 24 hours!


Showing posts with label Google Docs. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Google Docs. Show all posts
Wednesday, October 31, 2012
How to share from Google Drive to Google+
The cloud based storage system from Google Drive has just gotten a whole lot better. You can now share your stuff from Google Drive to Google+. This means that all those great presentations, open PDFs, videos and those great weekend pictures can be shared directly from your GD right to all your Google+ circles. Which means each relevant circle get go through those presentations of yours, those XL sheets and all your other creative files. You can also share directly from within Google Docs. So a spreadsheet or presentation can be shared without altering the permissions. So if you have restricted a document to only viewing then your friends will not be able to edit the same.
How to share stuff from Google Drive to Google+
1. Open Google Drive
2. Open the document you want to share
3. Copy the file's URL from your web browsers bar
4. Past the URL into the share box on Google+
5. Select the circle of the names of individual people you want to share with
6. Click the share button
7. You're done
If you have signed into Gmail or any other Google service. You can press the +Share button found on the top right-hand corner to share.
How to share from within a document, spreadsheet or presentation.
Google Drive to Google+1. From within Google Drive open the document you want to share and click the share button on the top right-hand corner of your browser window.
2. You also need to make sure that the file is not marked private. It needs to be 'Public on the web' or 'Anyone with a link'.
3. Next to the share link via click on Google+.
4. You will now see the Google+ share box with the embedded document.
5. Select the circle or people you want to share with and click the share button
6. You're done
Learn more at the Google Drive help center
Thursday, July 29, 2010
How To Use GoogleLookup in Google Spreadsheets
Just like Microsoft Xl google Spreadsheets also has a lookup function. XL has the vlookup The V in VLOOKUP stands for vertical. Use VLOOKUP instead of HLOOKUP when your comparison values are located in a column to the left of the data that you want to find.
Google Spreadsheets are becoming more and more popular because it is so easy to use and you can open documents from Gmail directly into Google Spreadsheets.
Here is a brief explanation on using this feature given by the Google Docs Blog
To use the GoogleLookup function, enter the following formula in the desired spreadsheet cell:
 - =GoogleLookup("entity" ; "attribute") where "entity" represents the name of the entity you want to access and "attribute" is the type of information that you want to retrieve.
For example, I want to know the atomic number of gold. In this case, gold is the entity while atomic number is the attribute. In the desired cell, I enter =GoogleLookup("Gold", "Atomic Number"). Be sure to include quotation marks around both the entity and the attribute.
The atomic number of gold, 79, then shows up in the cell in which the formula was entered.
After experimenting with one GoogleLookup formula, I'd like to apply the formula to a larger list of elements, and also get information on the atomic weight. Instead of typing the formula out like before, I want to click the cell of the first entity in my list, in this case it's gold. Next, I want to reference the cell in which I name the attribute I'm looking up, in this case, atomic number. Then I want to freeze the appropriate rows and columns with the "$" symbol.
Freezing the appropriate row and column allows me to drag the formula across to the "Atomic Weight" column and down the other rows to apply the formula to all of the other entities. When I apply the formula to all of the other cells, the results will show.
Keep in mind that while the GoogleLookup function knows quite a bit, it doesn't know everything. Although not all of the formulas you try will work, we encourage you to experiment. When GoogleLookup isn't sure if an answer isn't the best one for your entry, you'll see a dialog box with a handful of possible answers that you can choose from. Just select the cell and click More Options... to select a different value.
Here are a few more examples of entities you can access using the GoogleLookup formula, and a few popular attributes:
Checkout the video below to see the GoogleLookup function in action and don't forget to give it a try to see what kind of facts you can find.
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Tuesday, January 12, 2010
Google Doc's get storage for any file in the Cloud.
Google Docs announced it's new cloud storage facility for all your files. Instead of emailing you large files to yourself which could be cumbersome. You can now upload your Google Docs to your own cloud space. This is particularly good in storing your information and accessing it from anywhere. You would not be worried if something happens suddenly to your laptop etc. You files can be easily accessible with an internet connection.
It's already a crowded field, with all of the usual suspects: Microsoft's cloud-based platform, Azure, is already available in a fully a la carte pricing scheme geared toward their core enterprise customers, and it offers a25-GB online Skydrive for home users through its Microsoft Live services. Apple's Mobile Me (once known as iDisk) has a 20-GB floor for $100 a year and a family plan in keeping with their mainly consumer focus.
Found on the Google Doc's Blog
This maybe the start of Google's hard disk in the sky. especially good for Netbooks that do not have large internal data memory and rely on external drives. So don't worry about forgetting and leaving a file on your work computer.
If you are new to Google Doc's and would like online video help, follow Google Doc's YouTube Community Channel here
An original post by


text:
Technology for ELL
Software Uses Interactive Graphics To Aid in Learning and Using Language
Tool Factory has introduced a new educational software application designed to help visual learners and English language learners (ELL) not only learn their words but understand their practical use and context. A Busy Day uses graphics and interactive scenes so that users can relate the words they say and read to objects, descriptions, and actions.
Authored by Rosemary Starrett, an Irish educator who works with students at various points on the autistic spectrum, A Busy Day's visual content is also designed to be used with such children, as well as those with Down's Syndrome and learning disabilities affecting word-concept relationships and those who are simply "visual" learners--children for whom conventional, text-intensive reading contains too many abstract ideas.
The scenarios offered by the software are meant to illustrate "a busy day" in the life of a young child. Users see a brother and sister each waking up, getting dressed, eating breakfast together, walking to school with their father, and engaging in several other activities that most children will easily recognize. The software presents the scenes in colorful, fully illustrated on-screen windows featuring people, places, and objects children will relate with the activities being shown. "Waking up" includes a bed, pajamas, an alarm clock, and a bird perched on the windowsill. "Eating breakfast" displays a kitchen, food, silverware, and a table and chairs. Tied into the scenes are a variety of interactive exercises such as word matching, find the right word, and spot the differences, all designed to drive word recognition and association.
Additionally, A Busy Day offers three levels of word difficulty, three levels of activity challenge, a customizable word bank, and printable worksheets and certificates of achievement.
Available for Mac OS X and Windows platforms, the software can be purchased through the Tool Factory Web site for $69.95 for a single user or with substantial volume discounts for multiple users. A network site license is also available.
Scott Aronowitz is a freelance writer based in Las Vegas. He has covered the technology, advertising, and entertainment sectors for seven years. He can be reached here.


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Civic agency involves the capacities of citizens to work
collaboratively across differences like partisan ideology, faith
traditions, income, geography and ethnicity to address common
challenges, solve problems, and create common ground. Civic agency
requires a set of individual skills, knowledge, and predispositions.
Civic agency also involves questions of institutional design,
particularly how to constitute groups and institutions for sustainable
collective action. Civic agency can be seen from a cultural vantage as
the practices, habits, norms, symbols, and ways of life that enhance or
diminish capacities for collective action. This emerging body of
knowledge and set of collective practices provide models for a major
higher education initiative that will transform previous sources of
civic decline into wellsprings of civic renewal and regeneration.
The Civic Agency Initiative is a partnership with the Center for
Democracy and Citizenship (CDC). The project seeks to further develop
and operationalize the concept of civic agency. The goal of this
initiative is to produce a series of national models for developing
civic agency among undergraduates and to disseminate those models
broadly throughout American higher education. The project combines the
strategic and leadership position of AASCU schools in civic engagement –
with more than 50% of the nation's public four year college students, a
strong record of educating local and regional leaders, and a
flourishing network of schools in the American Democracy Project – with
the pioneering theoretical and practical work of the Center for
Democracy and Citizenship.
In November 2008, the first Civic Agency Institute was held to launch
the Civic Agency initiative. Since then, the first 16 colleges and
universities involved in the initiative have undertaken community
organizing, one-to-one informational interviews, and curricular
programming to explore the concept of civic agency. In November 2009,
the Civic Agency Institute invited a new cadre of AASCU campuses to join
the work of the Civic Agency initiative.
Center for Democracy and Citizenship


Litigation/Fraud Accounting
Litigation or Fraud accounting can also be called forensic accounting.
Forensic accounting involves the use of accounting to carry out a thorough inspection of the finances of a business or an individual. Forensic accountants are often called upon to explain financial crimes in court. The analysis carried out and the information gathered through forensic accounting are almost always useful for legal proceedings.
Forensic accountants have also been specifically trained to scrutinize the financial statements to understand the true business condition. They compile information and financial evidence, analyze and interpret them. They create computer software that helps them manage the collected information and generate reports of it.
Some of the key methods forensic accounting applies when conducting business investigations are; the use of asset identification and recovery, tracing funds and due diligence reviews.
Because of their key role in legal issues, forensic accountants may sometimes enroll for additional training in the area of alternative dispute resolution (ADR).


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Open Access Open Badges Proceedings
Origin of multiple periodicities in the Fourier power spectra of the Plasmodium falciparum genome
Miriam CS Nunes1, Elizabeth F Wanner2 and Gerald Weber3*
Author Affiliations
1 Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, 35400-000 Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
2 Department of Computer Engineering, Federal Center for Technological Education of Minas Gerais, 30421-169 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
3 Department of Physics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
For all author emails, please log on.
BMC Genomics 2011, 12(Suppl 4):S4 doi:10.1186/_PHONE_-S4-S4
Published:22 December 2011
© 2011 Nunes et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
Fourier transforms and their associated power spectra are used for detecting periodicities and protein-coding genes and is generally regarded as a well established technique. Many of the periodicities which have been found with this method are quite well understood such as the periodicity of 3 nt which is associated to codon usage. But what is the origin of the peculiar frequency multiples k/21 which were reported for a tiny section of chromosome 2 in P. falciparum? Are these present in other chromosomes and perhaps in related organisms? And how should we interpret fractional periodicities in genomes?
We applied the binary indicator power spectrum to all chromosomes of P. falciparum, and found that the frequency overtones k/21 are present only in non-coding sections. We did not find such frequency overtones in any other related genomes. Furthermore, the frequency overtones were identified as artifacts of the way the genome is encoded into a numerical sequence, that is, they are frequency aliases. By choosing a different way to encode the sequence the overtones do not appear. In view of these results, we revisited early applications of this technique to proteins where frequency overtones were reported.
Some authors hinted recently at the possibility of mapping artifacts and frequency aliases in power spectra. However, in the case of P. falciparum the frequency aliases are particularly strong and can mask the 1/3 frequency which is used for gene detecting. This shows that albeit being a well known technique, with a long history of application in proteins, few researchers seem to be aware of the problems represented by frequency aliases.
The detection and analysis of repetitions in genomes is one of the most recurrent problems in computational biology. It is of technological importance since it imposes significant limitations to next-generation sequencing technologies [1] and is related to numerous properties of the genome [2-5]. As a consequence it has sparked many approaches to detect and visualise genomic repeats [6]. Discrete Fourier transform (DFT) is one of this approaches, which is employed for the detection of genome wide non-exact periodic structures such as tandem repeats. In essence, the symbolic genome sequence is translated into numeric series which are then handled as a biological signal. The method was originally proposed for detecting periodicities in proteins [7-11] but has since gained popularity for genomes [12-18]. The genome of Plasmodium falciparum, the malaria parasite, is quite remarkable: it has an unusually high AT-content (80% or more) [19] and lacks identified transposable elements [20]. Sharma et al. [21] reported a complete frequency comb of all overtones of the basic frequency 1/21 nt–1 for chromosome 2 of P. falciparum, that is, all frequencies of type k/21 nt–1 with k = 1, 2, …, 10. Could this be yet another peculiarity of the P. falciparum genome? Such a frequency comb envisages several questions such as its biological origin and function, that were not addressed by Sharma et al. [21] and have remained unanswered, to the best of our knowledge. Additionally, it also gives rise to an important conceptual question: how should we understand fractional periodicities such as 21/2 or 21/4 given that there are no fractional nucleotides in our sequence? Or could it be that these multiples are so called frequency aliases [22,23]? In this work we analyse these questions more closely. First, we apply the Fourier transform to all chromosomes of P. falciparum and confirm that the 1/21 nt–1 overtone frequency comb is found in all but one chromosomes and present its location in the genome. But perhaps most importantly, we have established that this frequency comb is indeed composed of frequency aliases, and as such is an artifact of the way the genome is converted from a symbolic into a numeric sequence. While this resolves our current conceptual problem, it poses an important warning for the blind use of this technique, especially if used to detect genes. Should one of the frequency multiples coincide with the 1/3 frequency this could lead to important problems with the detection of coding regions [18,24-27]. We show that this is indeed the case for the 7/21 frequency of P. falciparum, which could cause false positive candidates for coding regions.
Results and Discussion
In Fig. 1 we present the binary indicator power spectra for all chromosomes of P. falciparum separated by coding (CDS) and non-coding (non-CDS) regions. The k/21 frequency comb can be seen only for the non-coding sections of chromosomes 1–13 in Fig. 1b and is notably absent in chromosome 14. No chromosomes show this particular frequency comb in the coding section, Fig. 1a. However, chromosome 5 displays a slightly different frequency comb of k/18. Strong 1/3 nt–1 peaks in Fig. 1a and the lack thereof in Fig. 1b confirms that this genome appears to be well annotated [18,24-27].
thumbnailFigure 1. Binary indicator power spectra for all chromosomes of P. falciparum. The spectra were calculated separately for a) coding and b) non-coding region. The overlapping of the 1/3 peaks results from enlarging the vertical axis scale to allow visualising details of non-1/3 peaks. Vertical dashed lines show the positions corresponding to a) k/18 and b) k/21 frequency multiples. For clarity the curves were shifted vertically by arbitrary amounts.
Further refining the origin of the k/21 frequency comb shows that it comes mostly from regions at the extremes of the chromosomes, as shown in Fig. 2a, where we indicate the position dependent power spectra intensities for each of the k/21 overtones in chromosome 1. In contrast, the k/18 frequency comb originates from various regions of the genome as one would expect for CDS regions.
thumbnailFigure 2. Position-dependent power spectra of P. falciparum. Part a) is for chromosome 1 and its k/21 frequency multiples and b) is for chromosome 5 and k/18 frequency multiples. A sliding window of w = 1000 nt was used. For clarity the curves were shifted vertically by arbitrary amounts.
To identify the actual sequences involved in the k/21 frequency overtones, we extracted the first and last 4000 nt of each chromosome and analysed the repetitions with Tandem Repeats Finder [28]. The consensus sequences are shown in table 1, which indicates single occurrences of dimers CC or GG. For instance, chromosome 1 has one GG dimer, which is the only occurrence of guanine in this sequence. Therefore, this dimer will repeat with frequency 1/21 nt–1 and explains the fundamental frequency 1/21 nt–1 which we observe in Fig. 1b.
Table 1. Consensus sequences for periodicity 21 nt.
However, we still do not know where the multiples of this frequency originate. The answer to this lies in a closer inspection of the repeated consensus sequences in table 1. Let's take sequence TAAGACCTATGTTAGTAAAG for chromosome 6 which has a double cytosine. The four binary indicator sequences which result from converting the symbolic sequence are shown in table 2. The binary sequence for cytosine in table 2 displays two consecutive ones followed by zeroes only. In other words, we have two digits one followed by 19 zeroes, repeated hundreds of times. This is essentially analogous to a Fourier integral of a train of Kronecker delta functions, that is, a sequence of pulses with period T, which can be shown to result in another train of Kronecker delta functions with period 1/T in frequency space [29]. Therefore, the overtones k/21 do not correspond to real periods 21/k but are just artifacts of the way the symbolic sequence was mapped into binary sequences. Therefore, the frequencies 2/21, 3/21 …, 10/21 are frequency aliases of the frequency 1/21 [22,30].
Table 2. Example of sequence binary mapping.
In Fig. 3 we illustrated this effect by building an artificial sequence made of 80 repetitions of the basic unit of size 21 nt containing one or more consecutive cytosines. For ten cytosines we obtain exactly one peak at 1/21 nt–1 as expected. However, as we gradually reduce the number of consecutive cytosines, while maintaining the size of the repeating unit constant to 21 nt, we also obtain more of the k/21 over


text:
Instead of picking up leaves and debris, air blowers use a strong blast of air to clean sidewalks, driveways, patios and garage floors. The power unit is carried by the operator and a hose or tube directs the air.
In addition to these uses, air blowers can clear trash and leaves from around shrubs, bushes, fences; they can blow leaves into a pile instead of raking, and they can blow away light snow.
Gas-powered commercial models were the first units on the market. Power is derived from a heavy two-cycle gas engine worn on the back of the operator. The engine delivers a blast of air down a hose which is connected to a rigid tube with a handle to direct the air flow.
A lighter-weight version of this commercial model, although still relatively heavy and worn on the back, is used on large acreage and commercial jobs.
Two-cycle gas engines power some of these units and offer the convenience of no cord, but are more expensive than a similar model with electrical power.
Several types of electric models are lightweight. They are carried in the hand and the complete one-piece unit is moved to direct the air. Some blowers accept vacuum kits as an accessory.
|1. Operate power blowers only at reasonable hours-not early in the morning, late at night, or at other times when people are likely to be disturbed. From 8:00 A.M. to 5:30 P.M. on weekdays, and from 9:00 A.M. to 5:00 P.M. on weekends.|
|2. Operate blowers at the lowest possible speed to do the job. Maximum speed is seldom necessary.|
|3. Use only one piece of power equipment at a time to keep noise levels acceptable.|
|4. Make sure the power blower's muffler is in good Working order.|
|5. Use the full blower nozzle extension so that the air stream can work efficiently close to the ground, minimizing the spread of dust.|
|6. In dusty conditions, wet down surfaces or use mister attachments.|
|7. Use rakes and brooms to loosen debris before blowing.|
|8. Before using a blower, check wind direction. Look for open doors and windows, freshly washed cars, children or pets at play, and other things that could be harmed by blowing dust, leaves or debris.|
|9. After using blowers and other equipment, clean up. Dispose of debris in trash receptacles. Make sure none has blown into neighboring yards.|
|10. Check the condition of your power blower, including air intakes and air filter to make sure the unit is operating properly.|
|11. Wear ear protection if you operate a blower for more than two hours per day.|
Check your state and local codes before starting any project. Follow all safety precautions. Information in this document has been furnished by the North American Retail Hardware Association (NRHA) and associated contributors. Every effort has been made to ensure accuracy and safety. Neither NRHA, any contributor nor the retailer can be held responsible for damages or injuries resulting from the use of the information in this document.


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Definition of phonology
n. - The science or doctrine of the elementary sounds uttered by the human voice in speech, including the various distinctions, modifications, and combinations of tones; phonetics. Also, a treatise on sounds. 2
The word "phonology" uses 9 letters: G H L N O O O P Y.
No direct anagrams for phonology found in this word list.
Adding one letter to phonology does not form any other word in this word list.Words within phonology not shown as it has more than seven letters.
All words formed from phonology by changing one letter
Browse words starting with phonology by next letter


text:
Imitate is defined as to copy or use something as a model.(verb)
An example of imitate is for a child to copy his older sibling's every move.
See imitate in Webster's New World College Dictionary
Origin: < L imitatus, pp. of imitari, to imitate, akin to aemulus: see emulate
See imitate in American Heritage Dictionary 4
transitive verb im·i·tat·ed, im·i·tat·ing, im·i·tates
Origin: Latin imitārī, imitāt-; see aimin Indo-European roots.
Learn more about imitate


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Real-Time Publish-Subscribe (RTPS)
RTPS protocol was developed by Real-Time Innovations, Inc. as wire protocol for Data Distribution System.
This page contains only a short introduction to RTPS. For more detailed information, you can access the following sources:
The Real-time Publish-Subscribe Wire Protocol DDS Interoperability Wire Protocol (DDSI): _URL_
Full OMG DDS Standard Specification: _URL_
NDDS and RTPS information: _URL_
With the explosion of the Internet, the TCP/UDP/IP protocol suite has become the underlying framework upon which all Internet-based communications are built. Their success attests to the generality and power of these protocols. However, these transport-level protocols are too low level to be used directly by any but the simplest applications. Consequently, higher-level protocols such as HTTP, FTP, DHCP, DCE, RTP, DCOM, and CORBA have emerged. Each of these protocols fills a niche, providing well-tuned functionality for specific purposes or application domains.
In network communications, as in many fields of engineering, it is a fact that one size does not fit all. Engineering design is about making the right set of trade-offs, and these trade-offs must balance conflicting requirements such as generality, ease of use, richness of features, performance, memory size and usage, scalability, determinism, and robustness. These trade-offs must be made in light of the types of information flow (e.g. periodic, one-to-many, request-reply, events), and the constraints imposed by the application and execution platforms.
The Real-Time Publish-Subscribe (RTPS) Wire Protocol provides two main communication models: the publish-subscribe protocol, which transfers data from publishers to subscribers; and the Composite State Transfer (CST) protocol, which transfers state.
The RTPS protocol is designed to run over an unreliable transport such as UDP/IP. The broad goals for the RTPS protocol design are:
- Plug and play connectivity so that new applications and services are automatically discovered and applications can join and leave the network at any time without the need for reconfiguration.
- Performance and quality-of-service properties to enable best-effort and reliable publishsubscribe communications for real-time applications over standard IP networks.
- Configurability to allow balancing the requirements for reliability and timeliness for each data delivery.
- Modularity to allow simple devices to implement a subset and still participate in the network.
- Scalability to enable systems to potentially scale to very large networks.
- Extensibility to allow the protocol to be extended and enhanced with new services without breaking backwards compatibility and interoperability.
- Fault tolerance to allow the creation of networks without single points of failure.
- Type-safety to prevent application programming errors from compromising the operation of remote nodes.
The RTPS Protocol runs in a Domain of DomainParticipants. A DomainParticipant contains local CommunicationEndpoints through which it sends or receives information using the RTPS Protocols. The CommunicationEndpoints are either Readers or Writers. Writers provide locally available data (a composite state or a stream of issues) on the Domain. Readers obtain this information.
There are two broad classes of Writers: Publications and CSTWriters. A Publication is a Writer that provides issues to one or more instances of a Subscription using the publish-subscribe protocol and semantics.
The presence of a Publication in an DomainParticipant indicates that the DomainParticipant is willing to publish issues to matching subscriptions on the Domain. The attributes of the Publication describe the contents (the topic), the type of the issues, and the quality of the stream of issues that is published on the Domain.
There are two broad classes of Readers: Subscriptions and CSTReaders. A Subscription is a Reader that receives issues from one or more instances of Publication, using the publish-subscribe protocol.
The presence of a Subscription indicates that the DomainParticipant wants to receive issues from Publications for a specific topic in the Domain. The Subscription has attributes that identify the contents (the topic) of the data, the type of the issues and the quality with which it wants to receive the stream of issues.
The CSTWriter and CSTReader are the equivalent of the Publication and Subscription, respectively, but are used as communication end-points of the state-synchronization protocol (CST).
Every Reader (CSTReader or Subscription) and Writer (CSTWriter or Publication) is part of an DomainParticipant. The DomainParticipant and its Readers and Writers are local, which is indicated in Figure 1.1 by the keyword "local" on the relationship between an DomainParticipant and its CommunicationEndpoints.
There are two kinds of DomainParticipants: Managers and ManagedApplications. A Manager is a special DomainParticipant that helps ManagedApplications automatically discover each other within the Domain. A ManagedApplication is an DomainParticipant that is managed by one or more Managers. Every ManagedApplication is managed by at least one Manager.
The protocol provides two types of functionality:
- Data Distribution: The RTPS protocol specifies the message formats and communication protocols that support the publish-subscribe protocol (to send issues from Publications to Subscriptions) and the Composite State Transfer (CST) protocol (to transfer state from a CSTWriter to a CSTReader) at various service levels.
Administration: The RTPS protocol defines a specific use of the CST protocol that enables DomainParticipants to obtain information about the existence and attributes of all the other DomainParticipants and CommunicationEndpoints in the Domain. This metatraffic enables every DomainParticipant to obtain a complete picture of all DomainParticipants, Readers and Writers in the Domain. This information allows every DomainParticipant to send the data to the right locations and to interpret incoming packets.
The Basic RTPS Transport Interface
RTPS is designed to run on an unreliable transport mechanism, such as UDP/IP. The protocols implement reliability in the transfer of issues and state.
RTPS takes advantage of the multicast capabilities of the transport mechanism, where one message from a sender can reach multiple receivers.
RTPS is designed to promote determinism of the underlying communication mechanism. The protocol also provides an open trade-off between determinism and reliability.
The Basic Logical Messages
The RTPS protocol uses five logical messages:
ISSUE: Contains the application's UserData. ISSUEs are sent by Publications to one or more Subscriptions.
- VAR: Contains information about the attributes of an Entity, which is part of a composite state. VARs are sent by CSTWriters to CSTReaders.
- HEARTBEAT: Describes the information that is available in a Writer. HEARTBEATs are sent by a Writer (Publication or CSTWriter) to one or more Readers (Subscription or CSTReader).
- GAP: Describes the information that is no longer relevant to Readers.
- ACK: Provides information on the state of a Reader to a Writer.
Each of these logical messages are sent between specific Readers and Writers as follows:
- Publication to Subscription(s): ISSUEs and HEARTBEATs
- Subscription to a Publication: ACKs
- CSTWriter to a CSTReader: VARs, GAPs and HEARTBEATs
- CSTReader to a CSTWriter: ACKs
Readers and Writers are both senders and receivers of RTPS Messages. In the protocol, the logical messages ISSUE, VAR, HEARTBEAT, GAP and ACK can be combined into a single message in several ways to make efficient use of the underlying communication mechanism. Chapter 3 explains the format and construction of a Message.
Underlying Wire Representation
RTPS uses the CDR (Common Data Representation) as defined by the Object Management Group (OMG) to represent all basic data and structures.


text:
It wears me out just imagining it! Mental imagery leads to muscle fatigue and diminished performance of isometric exercise
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the aftereffects of self-generated mental imagery of an effortful task on physical self-control endurance and muscle fatigue. Participants performed two isometric handgrip endurance trials (50% of maximum contraction) separated by either an imagery manipulation or a quiet rest period. The imagery group showed greater negative changes in endurance performance from trial 1 to trial 2 (p=.003, d=0.87) and increased muscle activation at baseline (p=.01, d=0.73) and at 25% (p=.03, d=0.61) of the second endurance trial compared to controls. We conclude that imagined performance of an effortful task depletes self-control strength and contributes to muscle fatigue.
has subject area


First edition of Yeats poem auctioned in Dublin, Ireland
Posted: Sunday, October 26, 2008
DUBLIN, Ireland - A terrible beauty has been sold.
A rare first edition of one of William Butler Yeats' most political poems, "Easter 1916," was sold Wednesday at Adam's auctioneers in central Dublin to an anonymous bidder for $9,600 - roughly double the forecast price.
Auction house director David Britton said the original copy of the poem - one of just three known to exist worldwide - received exceptional interest from bidders because it appealed to enthusiasts both of Yeats and of Ireland's independence struggle from Britain.
Yeats wrote the poem in the months following the Easter rebellion of 1916, when guerrillas seized key Dublin government buildings for a week before surrendering to British forces.
The poet distributed only 25 copies of the work at first, for fear that wider publication might stir violence. Just three copies are known to remain today; the other two are in the National Library in Dublin and the British Library in London.
The Dublin public initially condemned the rebels for bringing ruin to the capital but turned fiercely anti-British when the rebellion's commanders were executed within days. A new wave of rebels eventually secured independence for the predominantly Catholic south of Ireland in 1922, then fought a self-destructive civil war over the terms of the treaty with Britain.
The poem reflects Yeats' own deep ambivalence to his countrymen's willingness to resort to violence against Britain. It also gives an insight into the far greater bloodshed that lay ahead.
Its most famous concluding lines lament that, through Britain's decision to put the rebel leaders to the firing squad, Irish hearts had been hardened beyond repair.
"Now and in time to be,
Wherever green is worn,
Are changed, changed utterly:
A terrible beauty is born."


text:
Have you noticed that your boiler is no longer functioning as efficiently as it once was? You may be wondering if it is more cost-effective at this time to repair or replace it. Several indicators can help you make that determination with confidence.
Here are some key factors that signal it could be time for a replacement.
Boilers typically have a lifespan of up to 15 years. If your boiler has had standard maintenance and is approaching the 15-year mark, age is the likely culprit for any problems. As the boiler ages, it has to work harder, which can hinder optimal operation, increase wear and tear and result in the need for more frequent repairs. Age alone does not necessarily mean there is a problem, but the cost and frequency of repairs for an older furnace are a good indication that it is time for a replacement.
2. Increase in energy bills
As your boiler nears the end of its lifespan it will likely become less efficient. This means it requires more energy for the same level of performance, which translates to higher monthly energy costs. Energy bills typically represent the largest amount of a home's budget, after mortgage payments, and minimizing them is often a priority for homeowners. If you notice your bills are getting significantly higher, it may be time to upgrade to a new energy-efficient model. The reduction in energy costs can help offset the cost of replacement.
3. Yellow flames
A properly functioning furnace produces a blue flame. Discoloration, in the form of yellow flames, happens when dirt and soot clog the burners and prevents the gas and oxygen from mixing properly. The boiler is then burning carbon monoxide, a colorless, odorless gas. At low levels, carbon monoxide causes headaches and dizziness, but at higher levels it is lethal, so this issue should be addressed immediately. Contact your HVAC technician or gas company as soon as possible.
4. Loss of comfort
If your home is not evenly heated, meaning you experience hot spots or cold spots that you can't control, the problem may be the boiler and, if so, it is probably time for a replacement.
Leaks, even if they are small, are a strong indication that it is time to replace your boiler. You will want to prevent small leaks from becoming larger and potentially causing more damage to your home.
6. Gas smell
A gas smell around the boiler indicates a gas leak, and any gas leak is dangerous. In this situation, repairing an older boiler completely is not possible. A boiler with this type of leak should be replaced as soon as possible.
7. Frequent repairs
As a boiler ages and repairs become more frequent, investing in a new boiler makes sense. While the initial cost of replacement may seem high, the cost of multiple individual repairs each year adds up quickly. In addition, a new, energy-efficient system will have significantly lower operating costs, making it a wise investment.
8. Strange noises
Unusual noises beyond the normal sounds of the boiler turning on, such as rattling, banging and clanking, indicate that the pressure inside the system is no longer at optimal levels. This negatively affects the overall performance of your heating system.
Rheem Pro Partners is ready to help you find the best, energy-saving replacement for your old boiler. Contact us today. We serve homes throughout Colorado and Wyoming.
The new Rheem Prestige Series High-Efficiency Combination Boilers provide an elegant solution for your home's heat and hot water needs by conveniently putting both vital systems in one efficient package. Each Rheem Combination Boiler is a single unit that heats both the air in your home and the water you use every day.
The Combi offers several important features and benefits:
- High Efficiency
An impressive 95% AFUE rating (the measure of how efficiently a furnace utilizes fuel) means very little fuel is wasted. The rating means that the unit delivers 95 BTUs of heat for every 100 BTUs of gas used and may qualify for local and/or utility rebates. This is good for your budget, your comfort, and the environment.
- Two in One
One unit for both functions means only one unit to service and maintain for both space heating and hot water.
- Saves Energy
Domestic hot water is generated on demand so there is no need to continuously heat and store water in a tank. This saves on energy use and the associated energy costs.
- Saves Space
With one unit for heating both the air and the water in your home, instead of a separate furnace and hot water heater, less space needs to be dedicated to your HVAC equipment.
- Lower Installation Costs
The unit installs with 2″ and 3″ Schedule 40 PVC venting, which is easier to work with and lower cost than stainless steel. This means significant savings of both money and time.
- Improved Venting
The Combi offers greater flexibility for venting, which gives homeowners more flexible and versatile options for locating the equipment. The maximum vent length is 100 feet for 3″ and 50 feet for 2″. In addition, the unit is vented with room air which further saves money and time.
How it Works:
Rheem Prestige Series High-Efficiency Combination Boilers work with
- Hydronic Baseboard Heating
- Radiant Flooring
- Hydronic Air Handlers


Software Defined Radio - how does it work? Part 7
 Hi, Habr.
 In the previous part about transmission to GNU Radio, the question was asked about whether it is possible to decode the LoRa protocol (data transfer for low-power devices) using SDR. This topic seemed interesting to me, especially since the LoRa signal itself is rather unusual - the so-called Chirp Spread Spectrum modulation, or "chirp modulation".
 How it works, continued under the cut.
 By the way, the literal translation of Chirp modulation would have sounded like "tweet modulation," but that sounds completely surreal, so I'd rather leave the simple word "chirp" (as suggested in the comments, in Russian this is called linear-frequency modulation ).
 LoRa Modulation
 As mentioned above, when transmitting LoRa, a modulation method using "chirps" is used, by the way patented by Semtech. If anyone wants implementation details with formulas, you can read the PDF on the semtech website or here, but if it's very rude, then one "chirp" is one frequency change, and the bit stream is encoded with such changes, as shown in the picture above. Signal parameters in LoRa are SF (spreading factor - in fact, the duration of one "chirp") and bandwidth - transmission bandwidth. The SF parameter is set by the predefined SF7 values - SF12, where 7 is the fastest and 12 is the slowest mode (for example, you can see a picture with an illustration of different speeds of chirping with researchgate ).
 Obviously, the shorter the length of the "chirp" and the wider the band, the more you can get the transmission speed. All this is connected with approximately the following table:
 From the point of view of range and noise immunity, it is advantageous to transmit slowly and sadly, but at the same time we lose speed, secondly, we lose time, and according to LoRa rules, a device can transmit no more than 1 % of the time so as not to interfere with other devices. So the choice of the optimal transmission speed for low-power devices is also not an easy task.
 With a general principle, I hope it's clear, now let's move on to SDR and decoding.
 For testing, I used the LoRa Click RN2483 and Arduino M0, simply because they were available.
 This is a fairly convenient form factor for prototyping, as it allows you to easily replace the board one with another without soldering (in this format, called MikroBUS, many different peripherals are available).
 The draft code, not pretending to be production, has been added under the spoiler. The value "1234" is passed as a test.
 // RN2483 Modem and LoRa Click test TX. Tested with Arduino M0
 int reset = A2;
 int rts = 9; // CS
 int cts = 3; // INT
 // the setup routine runs once when you press reset:
 void setup()
 Serial1.begin(57600); // Serial port to radio
 // output LED pin
 pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT);
 pinMode(cts, INPUT);
 pinMode(rts, OUTPUT);
 digitalWrite(rts, HIGH);
 // Reset rn2483
 pinMode(reset, OUTPUT);
 digitalWrite(reset, LOW);
 digitalWrite(reset, HIGH);
 sendCommand("sys get ver\r\n");
 sendCommand("sys get hweui\r\n");
 sendCommand("mac pause\r\n");
 sendCommand("radio set mod lora\r\n");
 sendCommand("radio set pwr -3\r\n"); // the transceiver output power, from -3 to 15
 sendCommand("radio set sf sf8\r\n"); // sf7..sf12, sf7 the fastest spreading factor but gives the shortest range
 // sendCommand("mac set dr 0\r\n"); // data rate: 0-4, 4 faster
 sendCommand("radio set freq 869100000\r\n");
 // sendCommand("radio set afcbw 41.7\r\n");
 sendCommand("radio set rxbw 125\r\n");
 // sendCommand("radio set prlen 8\r\n");
 sendCommand("radio set crc on\r\n");
 // sendCommand("radio set iqi off\r\n");
 sendCommand("radio set cr 4/8\r\n");
 // sendCommand("radio set wdt 60000\r\n"); // disable for continuous reception
 // sendCommand("radio set sync 12\r\n");
 sendCommand("radio set bw 125\r\n");
 void sendCommand(const char *cmd)
 String incoming = Serial1.readString();
 // SerialUSB.print(cmd);
 // SerialUSB.println(incoming);
 // the loop routine runs over and over again forever:
 void loop()
 char data[64] = {0};
 // hexadecimal value representing the data to be transmitted, from 0 to 255 bytes for LoRa modulation and from 0 to 64 bytes for FSK modulation.
 sprintf(data, "radio tx 1234\r\n");
 if (msg_num > 10000) msg_num=0;
 digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, 1);
 digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, 0);
 By the way, the maximum declared transmission range for RN2483 is up to 15 km, in practice, in the presence of a one-story building, the signal disappears already for 1 km, and can be no more than 100 m in urban "anthills".
 We start the modem, and proceed to decoding.
 There is no LoRa support in GNU Radio itself, so you have to use third-party components. There were only two of them, and unfortunately, both authors did not show any imagination in the name, and they called them exactly the same - gr-lora ( and BastilleResearch / gr-lora respectively). Unfortunately, because GNU Radio cannot have both components at once, the installer of one component overwrites the files of the other.
 rpp0 / gr-lora
 You can download the decoder sources from github, the assembly is standard and does not cause difficulties:
 git clone
 cd gr-lora
 mkdir build
 cd build
 cmake..
 make && sudo make install && sudo ldconfig
 After installation, additional blocks appear in GNU Radio, from which it is easy to assemble a decoder. As the parameters of the decoder, you must specify the transmission bandwidth, spreading factor, the center frequency of the SDR and the reception frequency.
 The units in GNU Radio are standardized so that any receiver, such as RTL-SDR, can be used. I used SDRPlay. A simple Python program was used to output data to the console.
 import socket
 UDP_IP = ""
 UDP_PORT = 40868
 sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM) # UDP
 sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
 sock.bind((UDP_IP, UDP_PORT))
 while True:
 data, addr = sock.recvfrom(128) # buffer size is 1024 bytes
 print("Msg:",''.join('{:02x}'.format(x) for x in data))
 except socket.timeout:
 The result of the work is shown in the figure.
 As you can see, the row contains the header and end blocks of the transmission, and in the middle we see our data "1234".
 BastilleResearch / gr-lora
 This module is notable for the fact that it can work not only on reception, but also on transmission. The installation is about the same: the component needs to be assembled from source.
 git clone git://
 cd gr-lora
 mkdir build
 cd build
 cmake..
 make && sudo make install && sudo ldconfig
 The Connection Graph for this decoder is shown in the figure.
 As you can see, there are more blocks. Rotator and Polyphase Resampler select the desired frequency and cut off the excess, the Demodulator converts the "chirps" into a binary code (the output is a sequence like "17 00 3e 00 38 00 2f 00 01 00 39 00 2c 00 30 00 c6 00 18 00 7e 00 d5 00 85 00 e9 00 d8 00 67 00 c4 00 "), and Decoder forms the final package.
 Unfortunately, it never worked properly. Decoding definitely works, while the modem is working, the data appears, but the received messages have nothing to do with the transmitted ones.
 I did not understand the reason, either I made a mistake in the settings somewhere, or this decoder is compatible only with my own encoder. Those who wish can check independently using the Channel Model.
 As you can see, the lower, physical layer of transmission was considered here. In the higher-level LoRaWAN protocol, another logical layer is placed on top - with encryption, keys and other services. Those who want to see how encoding works can try the online decoder here.
 By the way, it follows that even if we receive a LoRaWAN signal using SDR, without the presence of encryption keys (one of which is stored on the provider's server), we still do not recognize the


text:
Riemannian Holonomy Groups and Calibrated Geometry
This graduate level text covers an exciting and active area of research at the crossroads of several different fields in Mathematics and Physics. In Mathematics it involves Differential Geometry, Complex Algebraic Geometry, Symplectic Geometry, and in Physics String Theory and Mirror Symmetry. Drawing extensively on the author's previous work, the text explains the advanced mathematics involved simply and clearly to both mathematicians and physicists. Starting with the basic geometry of connections, curvature, complex and Kahler structures suitable for beginning graduate students, the text covers seminal results such as Yau's proof of the Calabi Conjecture, and takes the reader all the way to the frontiers of current research in calibrated geometry, giving many open problems."
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