Why Do Dogs Sleep So Much?
There are many reasons why your beloved four-legged friend sleeps a lot. This article will help you understand the causes and whether you should be concerned about your pet's behavior.
Firstly, you have to keep in mind that a dog's sleeping behavior is dependent on its breed, the environment as well as his age. These factors mentioned will determine the amount of sleep your dog required. On average, dogs are awake and active 20% of the time, awake but inactive 30% of the time and asleep 50% of the time.
So Why My Dog Sleep So Much
Dogs don't get as much deep sleep like human beings. We spend 25% of our time in deep sleep, but dogs just spend 10% of their time in an uninterrupted deep sleep. Hence, they would need more sleep to get enough rest. It is normal for domestic canines to sleep half their life
It will become a problem once the sleeping habits of your dog changes. There are explanations for these problems, which will be tackled later on.
There are many reasons why your dog sleeps a lot. Let's find out the most common reasons and what you have to know regarding the behavior of your beloved fur friend.
Sleeping habits are dependent on the breed of your dog. St. Bernard, Mastiff, Great Pyrenees, Newfoundland as well as other large breeds, love to sleep. The amount of sleep a dog needs is contingent to its size. Bigger dog breeds generally need more sleep than smaller breeds.
 - Environment
A dog's sleeping patterns and behaviors are dependent on their environment. Dogs that have a sedentary way of life will lay around all through the day out of complete boredom. Dogs feeling bored are likely to sleep and rest more; this behavior is pretty normal. Working dogs, however, have an active lifestyle and thus might feel sleepless at night due to stress. If your dog has a stressful lifestyle, then chances are it will sleep less.
 - Age
Both older dogs and puppies sleep a lot. This is also a normal behavior. When puppies are active, they're really active, full of vitality and life. Puppies exert lots of energy running around hence they will need more sleep and rest at night to rejuvenate.
There are other reasons why your dog sleeps a lot that every dog owner must be aware of.
Always remember to check on your dog if there is a change in their sleeping habits or behavior, this might be a sign that your dog is not doing well. If the sleeping behavior of your canine has changed drastically, there might be some health issues that can be the major caused.
 - Hypothyroidism
The thyroid gland doesn't generate enough hormones, which cause a decrease in the metabolic function. Sometimes this is an autoimmune response which attacks the thyroid; however, it can also be due to other conditions like cancer. The decline in the metabolic function causes the entire body to hold back, leading to a lack of energy, excess sleepiness as well as lack of enthusiasm. Other signs might include anemia, weight gain, skin and coat disorders, hair loss, decreased heart rate, as well as intolerance to cold weather.
 - Diabetes
Small breeds, older female dogs, as well as fat dogs, are at risk of having diabetes. Signs include lack of energy, weight loss, increased thirst, frequent urination as well as occasional blindness. Too much sleep is also an indication that your dog has diabetes.
 - Infectious Disease
Infectious diseases such as parvovirus, distemper, rabies, Lyme disease, Rocky Mountains will cause fever and lead to a lack of energy. This will cause your dog to sleep a lot and are accompanied by an array of other signs. Make it a good habit to wash your dog regularly to keep them clean and free of bacteria so that they will not fall sick so easily.
 - Depression
Some effects of dog depression are an increase amount of time spent on sleeping, reduced activity, decreased appetite, weight loss as well as lack of energy.
Once you suspect your dog might be experiencing any of the medical issues mentioned above, call your veterinary immediately to make an appointment. Other reasons why your dog sleeps so much might also be the outcome of a low quality or poor diet. A lot of pet foods don't give dogs the essential nutrients their bodies require to live a healthy and active life, instead it might lead to a lack of energy, interest, and eagerness.
 - Poisoning
When a dog owner decides to pamper their dog by giving them food consumed by humans, it can be very harmful to their body and may lead to poisoning. Some examples are spices, coffee and alcohol. The effects of these can be serious if not treated promptly. Hence, there is a need to provide good quality dog food to ensure that your dog's health is not being compromised. So do feel free to click here to find out more about the various types of dog food suitable for various breeds.
Now, Let's Recap.
Do no undermine the underlying medical problems, which can be the cause of why your dog sleeps a lot than usual. A dramatic change in the habit of sleeping is a matter of serious concern. If there is no change in the sleeping habit of your four-legged friends, you don't need to worry. A dog sleeps more than human beings, and there is nothing wrong about it. Dogs sleep half of its life, and this behavior is normal for domestic dogs.
In general, the sleeping habit of your dog depends on many factors such as the breed, the environment as well as, the age. These three vital factors settle on the number of hours your canine friend requires enough rest. If your canine friend is feeling bored or stressed, give him something to play so he doesn't sleep a lot. You also need to make sure that your dog gets lots of exercise. Mental stimulation is also good for your dog's health too. Dogs are smart and love challenges and they love being entertained and kept busy.
Make sure your pet is fed nutritional and digestible food. Always read the food packaging to ensure that there are no detrimental ingredients that will affect their health. Especially for older dogs, do remember to take extra attention on them as they are more prone to illnesses.
Emma Thompson
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text:
What can I do about paper feed problems?
Check the following:
- If the the paper jams in the Automatic Document Feeder, make sure the originals are not creased or folded and do not have tape, staples, or other materials that could obstruct the feeder. Load only up to 30 letter-size sheets (up to 10 for legal-size) at a time.
- If paper doesn't feed, remove it from the sheet feeder. Reload it against the right side, behind the tab, then squeeze the edge guide and slide it against the paper. Make sure the paper is not above the arrow mark inside the edge guide.
- If multiple pages feed at once, remove the paper from the sheet feeder, fan the edges to separate the sheets, then reload it.
- If it's wrinkled when it ejects, the paper may be over-saturated or too thin. (If the paper is over-saturated, make sure you select the correct media type in the printer software).
- Make sure you use new, smooth, high-quality paper, that is not curled, creased, old, or too thin. Make sure to load it printable side up.
- Do not load paper with holes punched in it for insertion in a binder.
- Make sure you adjust the edge guide to match the width of the paper.
- If the paper doesn't eject fully, you may have set the wrong paper size. Turn the printer off then on again. The paper should eject completely; if not, open the scanner and remove the paper. Select the correct paper size when you reprint.
- Make sure you don't load more than the recommended number of sheets. If you're printing on both sides of the paper, try loading fewer sheets.
|Paper type||Max. sheets|
|Plain paper||Approx. 100 sheets|
|Epson Presentation Paper Matte||80 sheets|
|Epson Bright White Paper||100 sheets|
|Epson Photo Paper Glossy|
Epson Premium Photo Paper Glossy
Epson Ultra Premium Photo Paper Glossy
Epson Premium Photo Paper Semi-gloss
Epson Premium Presentation Paper Matte
Epson Ultra Premium Presentation Paper Matte
|Epson Premium Presentation Paper Matte Double-sided|
Epson Photo Quality Self-adhesive Sheets
Epson Iron-on Cool Peel Transfer Paper
- If paper jams, select the solution for your problem:
Published: August 29, 2008
Return to Main FAQs Page

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Ranked #21 of 45 attractions in Penang Island
Category: Art Museums; History Museums
Penang State Museum and Art Gallery Officially open in 1962, the Museum houses a fine collection of old photographs, maps,...
Penang State Museum and Art Gallery Officially open in 1962, the Museum houses a fine collection of old photographs, maps, charts and other historical relics. There are also Malay daggers (keris), Chinese furniture, embroidery and paintings of old Penang. At the Penang State Museum there are also interesting sections which recounts the bloody nine days of rioting between Chinese secret societies in 1867, attributed by bewildered British authorities to a rambutan-throwing incident. Georgetown suffered a near civil war before the administrators took a firm hand. The societies were heavily fined and the proceeds used to build police stations which subsequently kept the peace. The Penang State Art Gallery on the other hand is situated at a different premise which is at Dewan Sri Pinang, Light Street, a stone thrown away from the Museum premise. There are two Art Galleries which is situated in Dewan Sri Pinang. The Art Gallery on the Ground floor displays the works of local artists and is the venue for special exhibitions meanwhile the exhibition hall at the 3rd Floor housed the Permanent Collection which comprises of paintings donated or bought from the artists.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


American English
Definition of drawing noun from the Oxford Advanced American Dictionary
 jump to other results
 1. 1[countable] a picture made using a pencil or pen rather than paint a pencil/charcoal drawing a drawing by Paul Klee a drawing of a yacht a collection of children's drawings He did/made a drawing of the old farmhouse. Thesauruspicturepainting drawing portrait print sketchThese are all words for a scene, person, or thing that has been represented on paper by drawing, painting, etc.picture a scene, person, or thing that has been represented on paper using a pencil, a pen, or paint:The children were drawing pictures of their pets.painting a picture that has been made using paint:a collection of paintings by Native American artistsdrawing a picture that has been made using a pencil or a pen, not paint:a pencil/charcoal drawingportrait a painting, drawing, or photograph of a person, especially of the head and shoulders:Vermeer's "Portrait of the Artist in his Studio" a self-portrait (= a painting that you do of yourself)print a picture that has been copied from a painting using photography:a Renoir printsketch a simple picture that is drawn quickly and does not have many details:I usually do a few very rough sketches before I start on a painting.Patterns to draw a picture/portrait/sketch to paint a picture/portrait to make a painting/drawing/portrait/print/sketch to do a painting/drawing/portrait/sketch Topic CollocationsFine Artscreating art make a work of art/a drawing/a sketch/a sculpture/a statue/an engraving/an etching/a print do an oil painting/a self-portrait/a line drawing/a rough sketch create a work of art/an artwork/paintings and sculptures produce paintings/portraits/oil sketches/his most celebrated work/a series of prints paint a picture/a landscape/a portrait/a mural/in oils/in watercolors/on canvas draw a picture/a portrait/a cartoon/a sketch/a line/a figure/the human form/in charcoal/in ink sketch a preliminary drawing/a figure/a shape/an outline carve a figure/an image/a sculpture/an altarpiece/reliefs/a block of wood sculpt a (portrait) bust/a statue/an abstract figure etch a line/pattern/design/name into the glass mix colors/pigments/paints add/apply thin/thick layers of paint/color/pigment use oil pastels/charcoal/acrylic paint/a can of spray paint work in bronze/ceramics/stone/oils/pastels/watercolors/a wide variety of mediadescribing art paint/depict a female figure/a biblical scene/a pastoral landscape/a domestic interior have/express/depict/illustrate a traditional/mythological/historical/religious theme create an abstract composition/a richly textured surface/a distorted perspective paint dark/rich/flesh tones use broad brush strokes/loose brushwork/vibrant colors/a limited palette/simple geometric forms develop/adopt/paint in a stylized manner/an abstract styleshowing and selling art commission an altarpiece/a bronze bust of somebody/a portrait/a religious work/an artist to paint something frame a painting/a portrait/a piece/an artwork hang art/a picture/a painting/a piece/an artwork display/exhibit modern art/somebody's work/a collection/original artwork/ drawings/sculptures/a piece be displayed/hung in a gallery/museum install/place a sculpture in/at/on something erect/unveil/dedicate a bronze/marble statue hold/host/mount/open/curate/see an exhibition/exhibit be/go on exhibit feature/promote/showcase contemporary works/a conceptual artist collect African art/modern American paintings/Japanese prints restore/preserve great works of art/a fresco
 2. 2[uncountable] the art or skill of making pictures, plans, etc. using a pen or pencil I'm not very good at drawing. technical drawing
 3. 3 (also draw) [countable, usually singular] drawing (for something) the act of choosing something, for example the winner of a prize or the teams who play each other in a competition, usually by taking pieces of paper, etc. out of a container without being able to see what is written on them The drawing for the raffle takes place on Saturday.
 4. 4(also draw) [countable] a competition in which the winners are chosen in a drawing a prize drawing compare lottery
See the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary entry: drawing


text:
logical-pathname pathspec => logical-pathname
Arguments and Values:
pathspec---a logical pathname, a logical pathname namestring, or a stream.
logical-pathname---a logical pathname.
logical-pathname converts pathspec to a logical pathname and returns the new logical pathname. If pathspec is a logical pathname namestring, it should contain a host component and its following colon. If pathspec is a stream, it should be one for which pathname returns a logical pathname.
If pathspec is a stream, the stream can be either open or closed. logical-pathname returns the same logical pathname after a file is closed as it did when the file was open. It is an error if pathspec is a stream that is created with make-two-way-stream, make-echo-stream, make-broadcast-stream, make-concatenated-stream, make-string-input-stream, or make-string-output-stream.
Affected By: None.
Signals an error of type type-error if pathspec isn't supplied correctly.
logical-pathname, translate-logical-pathname, Section 19.3 (Logical Pathnames)


text:
Administrators will use this section to manage any services and applications that are connected to the SmarterTrack installation, including live chat translations, external feeds, ticket transferring across SmarterTrack instances and more. To access this section, log into the management interface with an administrator account. Then click on the Settings icon. In the Configuration area of the navigation pane, click on Connected Services. The settings will load in the content pane and the following tabs will be available:
Use this tab to edit the following settings:
- Max External Feed Articles - The number of articles that will be displayed per external feed. For example, if an external feed is configured to show blog posts on the SmarterTrack portal, only this number of articles will be displayed at a time.
- Map Provider - Using Google Maps, SmarterTrack can display customer location information in Who's On or when an IP address is clicked in a live chat. To enable a map provider, select Google from the dropdown menu.
- API Key - A Google Maps API Key IS REQUIRED in order to use Google as the map provider in SmarterTrack. Getting an API key is free, and, in most cases, using a standard API key will be fine. However, in larger installations, it may be necessary to upgrade your API key to avoid hitting the limitations applied to a standard API license from Google. For more information on obtaining an API Key, see the Get API Key page. Information about Google Maps Usage Limits is also available from the Google Maps API documentation.
- Translation Provider - Select which translation service to use from the list: Google or Azure. By default, the auto-translation method is set to None.
- API Key - For Google Translator only. The API key provided by Google. For more information on obtaining this key, please see the KB Automatically Translate Live Chats.
- Subscription Key - For Azure Translator only. A security key that allows Microsoft Translate to interact with your SmarterTrack installation. For more information on obtaining this key, please see the KB Automatically Translate Live Chats.
- Requests to Translations API - The total number of translation requests sent to the Translation Provider selected. This allows you to know how many requests sent so any limits can be protected.
- Characters to Translations API - This is the total number of characters sent to the Translation Provider selected. This allows you to keep track of any character limitations imposed by the Translation Provider to avoid any unnecessary extra charges.
- WHMCS Username - Provide the username of an admin-level user within WHMCS who has API Access. (Used when integrating SmarterTrack with the WHMCS Addon Module.)
- WHMCS Password - Provide the password associated with the admin username. (Used when integrating SmarterTrack with the WHMCS Addon Module.)
- WHMCS API Key - This is a security feature used to authenticate the integration between SmarterTrack and WHMCS. Enter the exact API Access Key that is configured in the configuration.php file found within the WHMCS directory. For example, if the following line is present in the configuration.php file: $api_access_key = "abc123", enter abc123 in this field. (Used when integrating SmarterTrack with the WHMCS Addon Module.)
- WHMCS URL - Provide the complete URL of your WHMCS control panel. (Used when integrating SmarterTrack with the WHMCS Addon Module.)
The follow options are available from the content pane toolbar:
- Save - Saves the changes made to the options on the tab.
- Test Settings - Use this button to test your translation settings with the appropriate provider.
- Reset Statistics - This button will reset the character count that is tracked for character conversions using the appropriate translation service. This can be used to check against any reports received or viewed at the translation service website to ensure both systems are in sync.
External feeds allow users to have custom RSS feeds, and snippets of the information in articles or news items, displayed on their portal. External Feeds are different than Custom Links in that the feed snippet is displayed on the Portal home page as a section of the Portal. Custom Links create a new button on the Portal home page.
If any external feeds are available, they will be listed on this page. Otherwise, new feeds can be added by clicking Add in the content pane toolbar. External feeds can be associated with all brands or used and customized on a per-brand basis. Furthermore, if multiple feeds are to be displayed on a brand's portal, they will be displayed in order of how they are listed in the Connected Services settings. Use the Move column to adjust the order of the external feeds, if needed.
Administrators can use this section to connect to another SmarterTrack installation for ticket transferring. This can be useful for those organizations working out of separate locations or across sister-companies. When a SmarterTrack installation is connected, agents can choose whether to transfer tickets to the local or connected instance. Note: Both installations must be running the same version of SmarterTrack in order for this feature to work properly.
To add a SmarterTrack instance, click Add in the content pane toolbar. A modal window will display the following options:
- Connection Name - The friendly name of the SmarterTrack instance.
- SmarterTrack Base URL - The URL for the SmarterTrack portal.
- Admin Username - A system administrator's username for the SmarterTrack instance.
- Admin Password - A system administrator's associated password for the SmarterTrack instance.
(c) 2002-2022 SmarterTools Inc.


text:
A Clockwork Orange
A Clockwork Orange is Anthony Burgess's most famous novel and its impact on literary, musical and visual culture has been extensive. The novel is concerned with the conflict between the individual and the state, the punishment of young criminals, and the possibility or otherwise of redemption. The linguistic originality of the book, and the moral questions it raises, are as relevant now as they ever were.
- A Clockwork Orange
- A Clockwork Orange on film
- A Clockwork Orange on stage
- The Music of A Clockwork Orange
- A Clockwork Orange and Nadsat
- A Clockwork Orange and the Critics
- The Legacy of A Clockwork Orange
- The Podcast
A Clockwork Orange:
'What's it going to be then, eh?' — Anthony Burgess, A Clockwork Orange (1962).
A Clockwork Orange is Anthony Burgess's most famous novel and its impact on literary, musical and visual culture has been extensive. The novel is concerned with the conflict between the individual and the state, the punishment of young criminals, and the possibility or otherwise of redemption. The linguistic originality of the book, and the moral questions it raises, are as relevant now as they ever were. This resource aims to explore the relevance of A Clockwork Orange, and present valuable information from the archive to anyone interested in learning more about the text. It draws on the collections of the International Anthony Burgess Foundation, delving into the archives and harnessing different media to tell the story of the novel and its legacy.
With its prophetic mixture of drugs, music, fashion and juvenile violence, Burgess's novel developed a countercultural following in the 1960s. Yet A Clockwork Orange did not reach a mass audience until Stanley Kubrick's film adaptation was released in January 1972. Later on, Burgess sought to distance himself from Kubrick's 'highly coloured and explicit' film and expressed frustration that he would be remembered for this 'very minor work', when there were other novels that he valued more highly. Yet he never stopped writing about the book, giving interviews about it, defending it, sometimes disowning it. A Clockwork Orange continued to tick away in Burgess's imagination until the end of his life.
Burgess began writing the novel in early 1961. He returned to England from colonial teaching posts in Malaya and Brunei in 1959 and noticed that England had changed while he had been abroad. A new youth culture was beginning to appear, with pop music, milk bars, drugs and Teddy Boy violence. Burgess was interested by this emergence of a world that had not existed in his own youth, and he anticipated the arrival of Mods and Rockers when he presented Alex and his droogs as a gang with a tribal fashion sense and a predilection for motiveless violence. This violence, so brutally rendered in the novel, could have been inspired by an incident from Burgess's own experience. He claimed that the kernel for Alex's brutal behaviour lay in an attack suffered by his first wife Llewela (Lynne) Jones. During the wartime blackout of 1944 London, Lynne was beaten up and robbed by a gang of American soldiers. A similar attack happens in the novel, when a writer's wife is beaten and raped by Alex and his droogs.
Despite this, much of Burgess's inspiration for the novel lay in literature. The dystopian writings of George Orwell (Nineteen Eighty-Four), Aldous Huxley (Brave New World Revisited), Diana and Meir Gillon (The Unsleep) and Yevgeny Zamyatin (We) all provide literary context for A Clockwork Orange. Burgess wrote of his fascination with 'the ultimate totalitarian nightmare' as well as 'the dream of liberalism going mad'. This reading of other novels, coupled with Burgess's response to the determinism of psychologists such as B.F. Skinner (who denied the importance of culture, environment and free will) provide the background to the book described by Time magazine as 'that rare thing in English letters: a philosophical novel'.
A working holiday in Leningrad in 1961, for which Burgess learned basic Russian, provided A Clockwork Orange with its most striking feature: 'Nadsat' — Russian for 'teen' — an invented slang in which the narrator tells his story of crime and punishment. As well as Russian words, Nadsat uses rhyming slang (both real and invented), thieves' slang, and a few Romany words and phrases. According to Burgess, the Nadsat language 'was meant to turn A Clockwork Orange into a brainwashing primer. You should read the book and at the end you should find yourself in possession of a minimal Russian vocabulary — without effort, with surprise'. Yet, these exotic sources for the language of the novel obscure an influence closer to home. A 1973 recording of Burgess reading from the novel reveals that the narration is also inspired by the Manchester voices he heard growing up on the streets of the Harpurhey and Moss Side areas of the city.
The title of the novel, A Clockwork Orange, derived from, Burgess claimed, ' a phrase which I heard many years ago and so fell in love with, I wanted to use it [as] the title of the book. But the phrase itself I did not make up. The phrase "as queer as a clockwork orange" is good old East London slang and it didn't seem necessary to explain it. Now, obviously, I have to give it an extra meaning. I've implied an extra dimension. I've implied a junction of the organic, the lively, the sweet — in other words, life, the orange — and the mechanical, the cold, the disciplined. I've brought them together in a kind of oxymoron'. Like many of Burgess's proclamations, this origin of 'clockwork orange' is rather hard to back up. It is not recorded in any dictionaries of London slang, and some linguists believe that the phrase originated in Liverpool. It is apparent that there are no recorded citations of the phrase before the novel was published in 1962, and the only authority for its usage is Burgess himself. It is possible that Burgess is misremembering the genuine Cockney phrase 'All Lombard Street to a china orange', or that he simply made it up.
An examination of Burgess's typescript reveals that he was always uncertain about how the novel should end. At the end of Part 3, Chapter 6, he wrote: 'Should we end here? An optional "epilogue" follows'. The final chapter of the book is redemptive, with Alex growing up and renouncing violence of his own accord. The penultimate chapter, which is used to conclude the American edition of the book and Kubrick's film, has Alex returning to his life of crime with evident pleasure.
On publication in 1962, A Clockwork Orange sold poorly, with most reviewers baffled by Burgess's linguistic inventiveness, and disturbed by its violence. However, it quickly became an underground hit, and was adapted by Andy Warhol for his Factory film Vinyl (1965). It did not reach a global audience, however, until its second film adaptation by Stanley Kubrick. Despite being over half a century old, A Clockwork Orange has continued to live on as an important cultural work. After several unofficial stage productions, Burgess wrote his own dramatic adaptation, A Clockwork Orange: A Play With Music, which continues to be interpreted by theatrical companies all over the world. In 2012, Burgess's song cycle received its European premiere performance at the International Anthony Burgess Foundation in Manchester. To mark its fiftieth anniversary, William Heinemann published A Clockwork Orange: The Restored Edition, with notes, a glossary and previously unpublished essays and pages from the typescript. The novel has also inspired other artists, from musicians and novelists, and has influenced television and film, from Bart Simpson's Halloween costume to Heath Ledger's portrayal of the Joker in The Dark Knight.
A Clockwork Orange has variously been described as 'a nasty little shocker' (Time), 'an inventive primer in total violence, a savage satire on the distortions of the single and collective minds' (New York Times), 'a terrifying and marvellous book' (Roald Dahl) and 'a fine farrago of outrageousness' (Kingsley Amis). The novel is sure to live on as a classic of twentieth-century literature.


text:
Earth's mean orbital speed is the average speed at which the Earth revolves around the sun. This is defined in two different ways, based on the sidereal year and the tropical year.
The sidereal year is the time it takes for the Earth to revolve once around the sun with respect to the distant stars. This is approximately _PHONE_ mean solar days, or 3.155815 x 107 seconds (s). The tropical year is the time it takes for the Earth to revolve once around the sun, as measured between two consecutive March equinoxes. This is about _PHONE_ mean solar days, or 3.155693 x 107 s.
The circumference of the Earth's orbit is approximately 2 pi (6.283185) times the mean radius of its orbit. This radius is also known as the astronomical unit (AU), and is about _PHONE_ meters (m). Therefore, the circumference is about 9.399511 x 1011 m. The Earth's mean orbital speed, in meters per second (m/s), is obtained by dividing this number by the length of the year in seconds. This can result in either of two figures.
Let vs be the Earth's mean orbital speed as defined based on the sidereal year. This speed is:
vs = (9.399511 x 1011) / (3.155815 x 107)
= 2.978473 x 104 m/s
Let vt be the Earth's mean orbital speed as defined based on the tropical year. This is:
vt = (9.399511 x 1011) / (3.155693 x 107)
= 2.978589 x 104 m/s
A rough, general figure for the Earth's mean orbital speed is 30 kilometers per second (km/s), or 18½ miles per second (mi/s).
Also see the Table of Physical Units and Constants.


text:
translated in several ways so it's important to choose the correct one.
Use du when you are talking to friends, children, or animals.
Use Sie when you are talking to adult strangers, anyone in a formal or shop environment, and on the phone.
Use ihr when you are talking to a group of friends.
If you are worried about sounding too formal with Sie, don't worry. Most Germans will happily guide you along in the conversation,and they may "offer the du" by saying wir können du sagen or du kannst du zu mir sagen? (we can use du, you can call me du?).
11. Choose the right past tense verb
In German, the most common way of speaking about the past is to use the Perfekt, a tense that is very similar to the past perfect in English. For example, you say Ich habe gegessen for "I have eaten". The trick with the German past tense is to know when to use the verb sein and when to use the verb haben (to have).
In English, you almost always say "I have" in these tenses: I have eaten, I have jumped, I have studied. But in German, the verb sein (to be) is sometimes used and you'll need to learn when to use each one. Luckily, there's a pretty straightforward rule. In the German Perfekt, you use a form of sein for verbs of motion or transition.
gehen (to walk, to go)
laufen (to run)
springen (to jump)
fahren (to drive, to go)
sinken (to sink)
werden (to become)
sterben (to die – yep, death is a transition)


text:
March 9, 2009--
This spider-hunting wasp is one of 19 new species recently found in Australia
--most of them in Western Australia state, considered a "hotbed of biodiversity," scientists announced.
hunt down and paralyze spiders, which are later eaten alive by the wasps' developing larvae.
In all, scientists found 11 spiders and spider relatives, 3 crustaceans, 2 insects, a mollusc, a worm, and a sponge.
(Related pictures: "Cyanide Millipede, Huge Spider Among New Species."
"The discovery of new species of life on Earth is an ongoing and exciting process," study author Mark Harvey, head of terrestrial zoology at the Western Australian Museum, said in a statement.
"The future of all life on this fragile planet depends on how quickly we can recognize, document, and describe new species," added Harvey, whose discoveries appeared recently in the journal Records of the Western Australian Museum.
- More Photos in the News
- Today's 15 Most Read Stories
- Free Email Newsletter: Photo of the Month
Photograph courtesy Mark Harvey, Western Australian Museum


text:
Hi guys, I'm very new to C programming and am trying to learn because I'm in molecular biology (x-ray crystallography) and being able to write simple programs is very useful for me.
here's the question:
I want to write a program that reads in a file having two columns of numbers. it will save each column of numbers in a separate array and then perform a math operation on the two paired numbers per row i.e. the data is:
it would read this file save the numbers in arrays and perform a math operation for each pair (i.e 2 1, 3 4, 2 5).
Once the operation is comuted it will write two new numbers from the math operations out into a new file.
Thanks for any help in advance.


text:
North America vs. Europe Billion
Date: July 2007
We are having a discussion about how many zeros are in a billion.
We have Googled this topic, and we are getting different information.
My Hispanic employees are stating that there are 12 zeros in a billion.
When we Googled a billion in Spanish, they are correct. When we Google a
billion in English I am correct in stating that there are 9 zeros.
In the US there are one thousand millions in a billion....
ten to the 9. The European billion is a million millions....
ten to the 12. One of the many ways that the world is not one...
are you familiar with the US gallon and the Imperial (British) gallon?
They, too, are different. Again, the US measure is smaller.
There are 9 zeros in 1 billion: 1,000,000,000. 12 zeros is 1 trillion.
A billion is 1,000,000,000 which has 9 zeros. A thousand has 3 zeros, a
million has 6 zeros, and a trillion has 12.
In Spanish the word for trillion is billon (with an accent over the o,
billion is mil millones) so maybe you can split lunch?
Stanford Department of Chemistry
I had not heard of this, but a quick Googling seems to confirm the tale.
Different places have different names for numbers, depending on which scale
you choose to adopt.
There are lots of references on-line that go into great detail, here is what I
This one explains the long scale and short scale:
Answers.com gives the same info:
And an article on a site called Eyeful Tower gives the same info:
NIST SI prefixes: _URL_
I hope this answers your question,
Unfortunately, you will have to go "Dutch".
What Americans call billions are, in Europe "a thousand millions".
Their billions are out trillions. Go figure, but then they use periods
for commas and a comma for the decimal point in numbers.
You both are correct.
Oklahoma State University - Okmulgee
Not much to say here. A "billion" means different things in the U.S.
and the rest of the world. Sort of like the U.S. being alone in the world
in not using the metric system for measurements.
Department of Physics and Astronomy
University of Wyoming
NOTE: The ^ in the following text means 'to the power of'.
The word 'billion' literally means million to the power of two (bi),
hence the proper billion is 1 million-million (10^12).
Likewise 'trillion' literally means million to the power of three
hence the proper trillion is 1 million-million-million (10^18).
This allows you to multiply by adding prefixes, eg. billion x trillion
= quintillion (2+3=5).
The American system does NOT allow you to do this.
The American billion x the American billion = American quintillion
(10^9 x 10^9 = 10^18), 2+2 does NOT equal 5.
The American billion x the American trillion is 10^9 x 10^12 = 10^21
(= American sextillion), 2+3 does NOT equal 6.
The American billion (10^9) should be called the sesquillion
(literally'million to the power of 1.5'). In fact, this is where the
slang word'squillion', meaning a large amount, comes from. Most
people who are 'in the know', call this amount a thousand-million.
Sorry America, but the European billion, trillion... centillion
system is actually both grammatically and mathematically correct!
... and Rey, you will have to buy your Hispanic employees lunch.
Well Rey, the original meaning for Billion was Bi-Million, and thus,
one muillion million. This is the typical European understanding of the term.
However, the typical American understanding of Billion is the next set of
decimal places after Millions. Thus, What a European would consider as a
Billion, we would typically call a Trillion.
I suppose for any authoritative answer as to which one is correct, we should
probably refer to the only people likely to use such numbers from day to day,
Mathematicians and Scientists. Both of those groups generally accept the
American version, 10^9.
Probably not a real helpful answer, but it is the most correct way I know to explain it.
I think you are all correct. There are a few instances of numbers not having
the same names in different languages. This is one of them. When scientists
communicate, they will often put numbers in both word and numeric form to
make it very clear, or you must already know how the other language uses it
when you are reading an article.
You are all winners!
You are both right; everybody wins! So everyone can pitch in and buy lunch for
everybody else. I did not know there were two definitions of billion until I
looked in Webster's Unabridged New Twentieth Century dictionary.
According to Webster's, 1. In the United States and France, a thousand millions
2. In Great Britain and Germany, a million millions (1,000,000,000,000)
So there is more than one definition. (So I guess numbers are not as "black and
white" as we would presume them to be.)
Have a great lunch with everyone!
Unfortunately, there is an ambiguous definition of the term "billion". The
increasingly accepted definition of the term "billion" is 10^9 -- i.e. "1"
followed by "9" zeros. Historically, the same term "billion" was used by some
10^12 -- i.e. "1" followed by "12" zeros. That definition has been "officially"
discarded, but may crop up in some older literature. See:
or Wikipedia discussions. the 10^9 bunch is going to get a free lunch, Enjoy.
Click here to return to the General Topics Archives
Update: June 2012


text:
When Oxford published Emotion and Adaptation, the landmark 1991 book on the psychology of emotion by internationally acclaimed stress and coping expert Richard Lazarus, Contemporary Psychology welcomed it as "a brightly shining star in the galaxy of such volumes." Psychiatrists, psychologists and researchers hailed it as a masterpiece, a major breakthrough in our understanding of the emotional process and its central role in our adaptation as individuals and as a species. What was still needed, however, was a book for general readers and health care practitioners that would dispel the myths still surrounding cultural beliefs about emotion and systematically explain the relevance of the new research to the emotional dramas of our everyday lives.
Now, in Passion and Reason, Lazarus draws on his four decades of pioneering research to bring readers the first book to move beyond both clinical jargon and "feel-good" popular psychology to really explain, in plain, accessible language, how emotions are aroused, how they are managed, and how they critically shape our views of ourselves and the world around us. With his co-author writer Bernice Lazarus, Dr. Lazarus explores the latest findings on the short and long-term causes and effects of various emotions, including the often conflicting research on stress management and links between negative emotions and heart disease, cancer, and other aspects of physical and psychological health. Lazarus makes a strong case that contrary to common assumption, emotions are not irrationalour emotions and our analytical thought processes are inextricably linked.
While not a "how-to" book, Passion and Reason does describe how readers can interpret what lies behind their own emotions and those of their families, friends, and co-workers, and how to manage them more effectively. Exploring fifteen emotions in depth, from love to jealousy, the authors show how the personal meaning we give to the events and conditions of our lives trigger such emotions as anger, anxiety, guilt, and pride. They provide fascinating vignettes to frame a "biography" of each emotion. Some are composite case histories drawn from Dr. Lazarus's long career, but most are stories of people the Lazaruses have known over the yearspeople whose emotional fears, conflicts, and desires mirror readers' own. The Lazaruses also offer a special chapter on the diverse strategies of coping people use in managing their emotions, and another, "When Coping Fails," on psychotherapy and its approaches to emotional stress and dysfunction, from traditional Freudian psychoanalysis to continuing research into relaxation techniques, meditation, hypnosis, and biofeedback.
Packed with insight and compellingly readable, Passion and Reason will enrich all readers fascinated by our emotional lives.
This title, which is essentially a reworking of Richard Lazarus's scholarly Emotion and Adaptation (Oxford Univ. Pr., 1991), is organized around two themes: first, emotions are the result of personal meaning; and, second, emotions each have a distinctive dramatic plot. From this two-part thesis, the authors develop discussions of such topics as the types of psychotherapies used to treat emotional distress and the health effects of stress. Indeed, Richard Lazarus (emeritus, psychology, Univ. of California, Berkeley) is an expert on emotion, stress, and coping, and the chapters on stress and health are probably the best in the book. While none of this is very new, the book would be a useful addition to small public libraries where it would serve as a good and solid counterpoint to the many overblown and untested self-help books.-Mary Ann Hughes, Neill P.L., Pullman, Wash.


text:
The arctic is one of the few areas where humanity could not yet set feet. Arctic Transition is located on Novaya Semlya, an island in the north of Russia above the polar circle. The building should create a transition from the cityscape (HydroCity) to sea and the landscape. The idea is to create a continuous space which establishes the connection between the various conditions. The space should emphasize the feeling of this transistion and create an attractive surrounding for people living in this hostile environment.
Semester project at Studio Hani Rashid


text:
Press release issued 1 February 2005
A team of researchers at the University of Bristol is developing a revolutionary new test to detect breast cancer at an early stage. If successful, this test will be effective for women of all ages; given that breast cancer is the largest killer of women between the ages of 35-55 in Europe, the test could have a dramatic effect on the number of deaths from this disease.
The test, which utilises an innovative radar system, will enable women to be tested regularly without the fear of over-exposure to radiation, a problem with existing X-ray tests. Currently, in order to detect cancer at an early stage – which is extremely important for successful treatment - many women are dependent on self-examination which can prove unreliable. This latest technology has the ability to image through dense breast tissue, and therefore can reach a far wider section of women than X-ray mammography can.
Women below 50 in particular will benefit from this new test, which is much more reliable than X-rays at detecting cancer in this age group. The test is also a much more comfortable procedure than X-rays since it does not involve compressing the breast between plates. This could encourage many more women to be tested regularly for breast cancer, which, according to Cancer Research UK, is the most common cancer for women in this country.
Alan Preece, Professor of Medical Physics at the University of Bristol and one of the lead scientists on this project, said: "Breast cancer is one of the biggest killers that women currently face. Each year, there are over 41,000 new cases in the UK alone. We are very excited about this new technology and the benefits that might come from its use."
This world-leading research project is funded by the United Bristol Healthcare Trust (UBHT), the University of Bristol's enterprise initiative and the Sulis Seedcorn fund, which recently awarded over £100,000 of venture capital to the project. Commercialisation of the project has been driven by SETsquared, the high-tech support programme for very early stage ventures.
SETsquared is part of the enterprise partnership between the universities of Bath, Bristol, Southampton and Surrey. Based alongside the University's incubation centre at University Gate East, the SETsquared centre in Bristol is actively supporting over 50 nascent entrepreneurs, offering services such as business development, mentoring and cost effective office space.
You can hear the team talking about the project in the next series of BBC Radio 4's Leading Edge, which is due to air around February or March this year.
Help make this breakthrough a reality! If you are a woman and you can spare half-an-hour of your time to provide feedback on the comfort and fit of proposed equipment designs, please get in touch. It is NOT necessary for you to have been tested for breast cancer or, indeed, for you to have had the disease. This study will take place in a secure and sensitive environment with a female chaperone present at all times. Potential volunteers can receive full details without any obligation from Dr Ian Craddock – email _EMAIL_
"Breast cancer is one of the biggest killers that women currently face. We are very excited about this new technology and the benefits that might come from its use."


text:
The best application for localization. Using sensors of your device like the accelerometer and magnetometer the app can calculate the magnetic north with high precision. From the magnetic north measurement.
- Display Magnetic North and True North, with cardinal points.
- Customizable compass with up to 8 colors
- LOCATION (Need network or GPS):
- Display Latitude and Longitude coordinates in decimal degrees or GMS, set as user preferences
- Display Altitude in meters or feet, set as user preferences. need GPS
- Display image of current Location source (Network or GPS).
- NAVIGATION MODE (Need GPS)
- Display travel course heading using the compass as indicator
- Display speed in Mhp or Km/h, set as user preferences
Geo Compass Pro v1.0 Android


text:
I'm going to share with you a formula created by Dr. Todd Jones that explains what makes good art and literature. Jones is a celebrated philosophy professor with a significant background in anthropology.
Jones's BeDE Theory of Art Criticism:
Art or literature's only function—the only thing it is good at doing—is creating beliefs, desires, and emotions (or BeDE for short). Art fails at doing anything and everything else.
The BeDE theory is designed to tell you which works of art are comparatively better than other works of art in its class, based on how well it performs its function of creating beliefs, desires, and emotions within its audience.
What makes something "art" is a social fact—such as the concept of money or Tuesday. Society agrees that "x" is art, and therefore it becomes art.
Every work of art is constructed in such a way that it is most easily disposed to create certain beliefs, desires, and emotions in a particular audience (and not other types of BeDE).
Works of art that regularly produce (more reliably produce) higher-valued beliefs, desires, and emotions are more valuable than works of art that produce lower-valued BeDE.
What determines a BeDE score and what are high-valued beliefs, desires, and emotions?
Who are "people"? People can be a group as small as yourself, or as large as the world. Start with "you" (in the current moment) and then think about what is valued (on average) by progressively larger groups that you are embedded in. The idea is to find the highest BeDE value for the intended group—the more widespread and universal your values, the more people that will be included in your group.
Notice how beliefs impact desires, and desires impact emotions. A good story contains multiple chains of universal and highly valued beliefs, desires, and emotions. Creating a story based around a strongly held belief, that impacts a commonly held desire, that creates a strong primordial emotion is usually a recipe for success. In the lame example above, say the underdog David defeats Goliath, which keeps him alive and this heroism helps him find a mate, which leads to romantic love.
Creating BeDE is the storyteller's primary (only) job; to consume and impassion the audience with beliefs, desires, and emotions. An authentic story with universally high-valued BeDE will have the most appeal.


text:
Chikarmane SA, Harrison BT, Giess CS, Pinkney DM, and Gombos EC. Lobular neoplasia detected at MRI-guided biopsy: imaging findings and outcomes. Clin Imaging 2021; 78:171-178.
OBJECTIVE: To review MRI findings of pure lobular neoplasia (LN) on MRI guided biopsy, evaluate surgical and clinical outcomes, and assess imaging findings predictive of upgrade to malignancy.
METHODS: HIPAA compliant, IRB-approved retrospective review of our MRI-guided breast biopsy database from October 2008-January 2015. Biopsies yielding atypical lobular hyperplasia or lobular carcinoma in situ were included in the analysis; all biopsy slides were reviewed by a dedicated breast pathologist. Imaging indications, MRI findings, and histopathology were reviewed. Statistical analysis was performed using the two-tailed Fisher exact-test and the t-test, and 95% CIs were determined. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS: Database search yielded 943 biopsies in 785 patients of which 65/943 (6.9%) reported LN as the highest risk pathologic lesion. Of 65 cases, 32 were found to have LN as the dominant finding on pathology and constituted the study population. All 32 findings were mammographically and sonographically occult. Three of 32 (9.3%) cases of lobular neoplasia were upgraded to malignancy, all LCIS (one pleomorphic and two classical). The most common MRI finding was focal, heterogenous non-mass enhancement with low T2 signal. No clinical features or imaging findings were predictive of upgrade to malignancy.
CONCLUSION: Incidence of pure lobular neoplasia on MRI guided biopsy is low, with comparatively low incidence of upgrade to malignancy. No imaging or clinical features are predictive of upgrade on surgical excision, therefore, prudent radiologic-pathologic correlation is necessary.
Medical Subject Headings
Biopsy, Large-Core Needle; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Lobular; Female; Humans; Hyperplasia; Image-Guided Biopsy; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Mammography; Retrospective Studies


text: This paper aims to explore literature education from the view point of National Literature Criticism First of all, several points of significance are examined related to literature education in general. I argue that literature is not appropriately educated in Korea mainly because it focuses exclusively on practical criticism based on literary texts only. That is to say, students have never been taken into consideration, who must play an active role in literature education. Thus, literature education fails to build dialogic communications between teachers and students. Instead, teachers forces certain literary theories to students unilaterally, which prevents students from developing critical reading. This is practically illustrated reviewing some literary texts in this paper. I suggest an alternative in which a value-oriented consciousness has specifically to be discussed in literature education particularly from the view point of National Literature Criticism. In order to do this, misunderstanding of National Literature Criticism, first of all, should be criticized Then I have tried to suggest an instructive image of National Literature on which literature education is desirably grounded. The characteristics of National Literature are scrutinized in terms of a literature aiming to create a desirable life of the people based on particular and concrete situations of the people. The relatedness of literature to reality and interests in life are discussed in detail. In this respect, it is illustrated that a socio-historical effectiveness of literature should be embodied in literature education by discussing literary texts. In particular, the cognitive aspect of language and its emotional affect is stressed in order to make a literature education total education of emotion discussing topics in humanities, society and history. The crisis of literature is openly debated at the present time. Therefore, a total reconsideration of literature education itself is strongly demanded at the moment, a partial response to the crisis is not enough at all. I have tried to build new literature education methodology to cope with the period of literature crisis in this paper.


What is SEL? - O'Grady Drama Australia - Social and Emotional learning
The work of Daniel Goleman on emotional intelligence and his contribution to CASEL (Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning) has been instrumental in creating a greater appreciation of the value of activities that develop Social and Emotional Learning.
CASEL defines Social and Emotional Learning as follows:-
The core skills which are the outcome of Social and Emotional Learning, often termed Social Literacy, may be represented as: Self-awareness; self-management; social awareness, relationship skills and responsible decision making.
The significant SEL value of O'Grady Drama is that we provide coaching within a drama context allowing a natural growth of those of skills in a non-competitive, enjoyable activity.


text:
Objective:The primary objective is to describe the relationship between the days supplied of postsurgical filled opioid prescriptions and refills.Background:The American College of Surgeons (ACS) has called for surgeons to alter opioid prescribing to counteract the opioid epidemic while simultaneously providing pain relief. However, there is insufficient evidence to inform perioperative prescribing guidelines and quality metrics in children.Methods:We performed a secondary data analysis of nationwide commercial claims from the Health Care Cost Institute (HCCI) data spanning 2010 and 2014. Based on initial opioid fill and refill rates for 11 common pediatric procedures, the refill analysis focused on anterior cruciate ligament repair, humerus fracture repair, cholecystectomy, posterior spinal fusion, and tonsillectomy.Results:There were 178,990 cases with a median age of 6. Overall, 48.5% of patients filled an opioid prescription between 30 days before surgery through 7 days after surgery, and 14.2% filled a second opioid prescription within 30 days. There was a significant negative relationship between days supplied in the initial prescription and probability of a refill for humerus fracture, spinal fusion, and tonsillectomy. The largest effect was seen for tonsillectomy, with the odds of having a refill decreasing by approximately 12% for each day supplied in the initial prescription (odds ratio 0.88, 95% confidence interval 0.87-0.89, P < 0.001).Conclusions:Pediatric postoperative opioid-prescribing guidelines need to be procedure-specific and based on patient age. We provide the days supplied associated with a 20% probability of a refill by age to further guideline development.
ASJC Scopus subject areas


Disposition of leases and reversions
Power of deposition
Both landlords and tenants have legal estates which may pass to others on sale, by way of gift or under the rules of testate or intestate succession.
Sale of the freehold reversions
The owner of the reversion in fee simple can sell his estate in the land, by conveyance, in the case of unregistered land, and by transfer and registration, in the case of registered land.
Unregistered land
In the case of unregistered land, the purchaser will acquire the fee simple subject to any legal lease which exists, regardless of whether he knew of its existence. This is because: 'Legal rights are good against the world.' Thus the purchaser of the fee simple becomes the tenant's new landlord and takes over most if not all of the original landlord's rights and duties under the lease.
Registered land
Where the lease is granted for not more than seven years it will be an overriding interest under LRA 2002, Sch 3, para 1 and so will bind the purchaser of the fee simple even if he did not know of it.
If the lease is for more than seven years it must have been registered for it to take effect as a legal lease. When this is done the lease will also be noted on the charges register of the landlord's title, and anyone who takes the landlord's estate for valuable consideration will take subject to the lease.
Sale of the lease by the tenant
A tenant can also sell his leasehold estate. The disposition of a lease is usually called an 'assignment.'
Express assignment
Since the assignment of a lease is the conveyance or transfer of a legal estate it must be made by deed.
However, a defective assignment will be regarded in equity as a contract to assign, provided it satisfies the formalities for a contract relating to land. Where such a contract arises, either party may then apply for an order for specific performance to effect a full legal assignment.
Assignment by operation of law
An exception to the requirement for a deed arises where the assignment takes effect due to operation of law. This can be important in cases where a tenant purports to grant a sublease of the property but grants a term which is equivalent or greater than, the unexpired portion of his own lease.
If the purported sublease is for not more than three years it will probably have been made orally or in writing. If the effect of the agreement is to transfer the whole remaining term of the head lease to the 'sublessee' the result appears to be a valid legal assignment without the use of a deed. Lord Greene MR appears to accept this reasoning in Milmo v Carreras [1946], on the ground that such as assignment arose by operation of a rule of law and this approach has more recently been followed in Parc (Battersea) Ltd v Hutchinson [1999].
Sale of a leasehold reversion
Article written by...
Nicola Laver LLB
Nicola Laver LLB
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text:
Welcome to the Hawaii SNAP-Ed Website
Hawaii's Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education (SNAP-Ed, formerly Food Stamp Nutrition Education Program) Project collaboratively (Collaboration wheel and USDA-FNS Hawaii Council memorandum) provides practical nutrition education for Hawaii's low-income households. Through a working partnership, the Hawaii Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program and the University of Hawaii Cooperative Extension Service jointly facilitates nutrition education services delivery with support and guidance from USDA-FNS Hawaii Council, a memorandum of understanding consortium of United States Department of Agriculture Food and Nutrition Programs.
The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Food and Nutrition Programs share the common mission of ensuring access to nutritious, healthy diets for all Americans. Therefore, food assistance and nutrition education programs for low-income Americans facilitate the promotion of healthful diets through educational efforts encouraging consumers to make healthful food choices. An eminent example of such a program is the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). The SNAP includes activities designed to increase nutrition knowledge as well as to encourage behavior change to persons that are eligible for the SNAP, in the likelihood that healthful food choices are made with a limited budget. A physically active lifestyle is also commended. Both nutrition education and physical activity are compatible concepts with the most recent dietary advice as reflected in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and MyPlate.


text:
In sociology, post-materialism is the transformation of individual values from materialist, physical and economic to new individual values of autonomy and self-expression.
Post-materialism is a tool in developing an understanding of modern culture. It can be considered in reference of three distinct concepts of materialism. The first kind of materialism, and the one in reference to which the word post-materialism is used most often, refers to materialism as a value-system relating to the desire for fulfillment of material needs (such as security, sustenance and shelter) and an emphasis on material luxuries in a consumerist society. A second referent is the materialist conception of history held by many socialists, most notably Marx and Engels, as well as their philosophic concept of dialectical materialism. The third definition of materialism concerns the philosophical argument that matter is the only existing reality. The first concept is sociological, the second is both philosophical and sociological, and the third is philosophical.
Depending on which of the three above notions of materialism are being discussed, post-materialism can be an ontological postmaterialism, an existentialistic postmaterialism, an ethical postmaterialism or a political-sociological postmaterialism, which is also the best known.
The sociological theory of post-materialism was developed in the 1970s by Ronald Inglehart. After extensive survey research, Inglehart postulated that the Western societies under the scope of his survey were undergoing transformation of individual values, switching from materialist values, emphasizing economic and physical security, to a new set of post-materialist values, which instead emphasized autonomy and self-expression. Inglehart argued that rising prosperity was gradually liberating the publics of advanced industrial societies from the stress of basic acquisitive or materialistic needs.
Observing that the younger people were much more likely to embrace post-materialist values, Inglehart speculated that this silent revolution was not merely a case of a life-cycle change, with people becoming more materialist as they aged, but a genuine example of intergenerational value change.
The theory of intergenerational change is based on two key hypotheses:
- The Scarcity Hypothesis
- The Socialisation Hypothesis
The Scarcity Hypothesis
Inglehart assumed that individuals pursue various goals in something akin to a hierarchical order. While people may universally aspire to freedom and autonomy, the most pressing material needs like hunger, thirst and physical security have to be satisfied first, since they are immediately linked with survival. According to Inglehart's interpretation of Maslow's hierarchy of human goals, while scarcity prevails, these materialistic goals will have priority over post-materialist goals like belonging, esteem, and aesthetic and intellectual satisfaction. However, once the satisfaction of the survival needs can be taken for granted, the focus will gradually shift to these 'non-material' goods.
The Socialization Hypothesis
The relationship between material conditions and value priorities is not one of immediate adjustment. A large body of evidence indicates that people's basic values are largely fixed when they reach adulthood, and change relatively little thereafter. Therefore, cohorts which often experienced economic scarcity would ceteris paribus place a high value on meeting economic needs (such as valuing economic growth above protecting the environment) and on safety needs (will support more authoritarian styles of leadership, will exhibit strong feelings of national pride, will be strongly in favor of maintaining a large, strong army and will be more willing to sacrifice civil liberties for the sake of law and order). On the other hand, cohorts who have experienced sustained high material affluence start to give high priority to values such as individual improvement, personal freedom, citizen input in government decisions, the ideal of a society based on humanism, and maintaining a clean and healthy environment.
Together, these two hypotheses carry the implication that, given long periods of material affluence, a growing part of society will embrace post-materialist value systems, an implication which has been indeed borne out internationally in the past 30 years of survey data. The post-material orientations acquired by each cohort during socialisation have been observed to remain remarkably steady over the time-frame of multiple decades, being a more stable value-system in contrast to the more volatile political and social attitudes.
Measuring post-materialism
There are several ways of empirically measuring the spread of post-materialism in a society. A common and relatively simple way is by creating an index from survey respondents' patterns of responses to a series of items which were designed to measure personal political priorities.
If you had to choose among the following things, which are the two that seem the most desirable to you?
... On the basis of the choices made among these four items, it is possible to classify our respondents into value priority groups, ranging from a 'pure' acquisitive type to a 'pure' post-bourgeois type, with several intermediate categories.
- Maintaining order in the nation.
- Giving people more say in important political decisions.
- Fighting rising prices.
- Protecting freedom of speech.
The theoretical assumptions and the empirical research connected with the concept of post-materialism have received considerable attention and critical discussion in the human sciences. Amongst others, the validity, the stability, and the causation of post-materialism has been doubted.
The so-called "Inglehart-index" has been included in several surveys (e.g., General Social Survey, World Values Survey, Eurobarometer, ALLBUS, Turning Points of the Life-Course). The time series in ALLBUS (German General Social Survey) is particularly comprehensive. From 1980 to 1990 the share of "pure post-materialists" increased from 13 to 31 percent in West Germany. After the economic and social stress caused by German reunification in 1990 it dropped to 23 percent in 1992 and stayed on that level afterwards (Terwey 2000: 155; ZA and ZUMA 2005). The ALLBUS sample from the less affluent population in East Germany show much lower portions of post-materialists (1991: 15%, 1992: 10%, 1998: 12%). International data from the 2000 World Values Survey show the highest percentage of post-materialists in Australia (35%) followed by Austria (30%), Canada (29%), Italy (28%), Argentina (25%), United States (25%), Sweden (22%), Netherlands (22%), Puerto Rico (22%) etc. (Inglehart et al. 2004: 384). In spite of some questions raised by these and other data, measurements of post-materialism have prima facie proven to be statistically important variables in many analyses.
As increasing post-materialism is based on the abundance of material possessions or resources, it should not be mixed indiscriminately with asceticism or general denial of consumption. In some way post-materialism may be criticized as super-materialism. German data show that there is a tendency towards this orientation among young people, in the economically rather secure public service, and in the managerial middle class (Pappi and Terwey 1982).
Recently, the issue of a "second generation of postmateralism" appearing on the scene of worldwide civil society, to a large extent conceived as their "positive ideological embodiment", has been brought up by cultural scientist Roland Benedikter in his seven-volume book series Postmaterialismus (2001–2005).
See also
- Antonio Gramsci
- Reflexive modernization
- Self-expression Values
- To Have or to Be?
- Gross National Happiness
- Abraham Harold Maslow
- John Kenneth Galbraith
- Anthony Giddens
- World Values Survey
- Material feminism
- Historical revisionism
- Integral Theory
- Inglehart, Ronald (2008) Changing Values among Western Publics from 1970 to 2006. West European Politics 31:1-2 130-46
- Inglehart, R. (1971).The Silent Revolution in Europe: Intergenerational Change in Post-Industrial Societies', American Political Science Review,65:4,991–1017.
- Inglehart, R. (1977). The Silent Revolution: Changing Values and Political Styles among Western Publics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
- Rokeach, Milton (1968). Beliefs, Attitudes and Values. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
- Inglehart 1971: 994 f.)
- Roland Benedikter, Postmaterialismus - Die zweite Generation. Volume 1: Einfuehrung in das postmaterialistische Denken (2001), Volume 2: Der Mensch (2001), Volume 3: Die Arbeit (2001), Volume 4: Die Natur (2002), Volume 5: Das Kapital (2003), Volume 6: Die Globalisierung (2004), Volume 7: Perspektiven postmaterialistischen Denkens (2005). Vienna, Passagen Verlag 2001-2005.
- Ronald Inglehart 1971: The Silent Revolution in Post-Industrial Societies. In: American Political Science Review 65: _PHONE_. ISSN _PHONE_
- Ronald Inglehart 1977: The Silent Revolution: Changing Values and Political Styles Among Western Publics. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-10038-1
- Ronald Inglehart, Miguel Basánez, Jaime Díez-Medrano, Loek Halmann and Ruud Luijkx (eds.) 2004: Human Beliefs and Values. A cross-cultural sourcebook based on the _PHONE_ values surveys. Coyoacan


text:
Report
I would like to insert a automatic number field in a report that is not bound to any table. I.E. if I wanted to insert the date or time, I would simply type" =Date() ". However I would like to have every report that I generate include a auto number/random number. Any Suggstions?
PS This is for a MS Access 2000 report page.
Is There A Way To Remove Digits And Digits Only?
Is there a way to remove digits and digits only?
Hello, I feel a little embarrassed. An acquaitance
asked me a question. Namely, he works for a REIT
company and he has to put together a project where
they must retrieve various documents from the
archives. By convention, the documents are stored
according to the name of the street the property is
on, not by the street address number, and prefixes
such as "North" or "South" are ignored in ordering the
He has an excel file with a list of all the
properties, but sadly, the properties are input with
the street number and directional prefixes (e.g.
"East" for "East Clinton" street) in the cell. So
sorting them in the Excel file would not at all
correspond with the order they would appear while
searching in the archives for them.
Is there a way to remove digits and digits only? I am
aware of Len and
http://office. microsoft. com/en-us/ excel/HA01154901 1033.aspx? pid=CL1005705510 33
I'm not sure if this is the right area or not, but how do I make it so that only numbers can be entered into a textbox, or If It dedects that non-digit charachters are entered, It changes the text.
i have an exercise on school which involve time (digital clock) recording i have made my vb and un the program but when i enter the hour, minute and second in the textbox the time in the label stop i don't know how to make it continue working... you help will be vey much apreciated, thanks!
How Many Digits
Is there a way you can tell how many digits are to the left of the deciaml point in a variable dimmed as single? And how can you tell if there are numbers to the left of the decimal point in a variable dimmed as a single?
Hello. i am Running VB 6.0. i am making a countdown clock for school and every time it gets one digit in seconds, like 19:09, it cuts off the 0 and says 19:9. How can i insure that the variable stays two digits?
Hey people do you know how i can get 4 digits to be displayed in a text box?
Sum Of Digits
From memory, so no warranty of any kind
Function SumOfDigits (ByVal Number As Integer) As Integer Dim r As Integer Do While Number > 0 r = r + Number Mod 10 Number = Number / 10 Loop SumOfDigits = rEnd Function
What's the easiest way to find the # of digits (or letters) in a string or in a int? Is there a built in function or do you have to do it manually?
Since I am new with vb i have a little question.
I'm calculating in a ppc program some numbers and i want that the result
only have 2 digits after the comma. Can anyone helpme?
SQL AND ADO SIG DIGITS
I am retrieving a value from the database that resides as "10.0" (a float value) When using Query Analyzer I am retrieving "10.0".
When I run a stored procedure and utilize the ADO object to display the value it shows a "10". "10" is not the same as "10.0" for my application.
Please let me know if there are any settings to ensure that the value is returned as inputted. The alternative I have is to store the values a varchar data.
Note: Implied decimal values will not work for this application. The significance of the data is not known prior to receiving it.
Getting Three Digits Off The Website
The use of my program requires it being added to the startup group. I may be a throwback for even considering these types of things, but because it's going to be permanently running in the background, I want to minimize the footprint in every way possible.
I do, however, want the program to be able to check what the latest version is on the website. All it needs is to pull down is three digits from the website, be it checking the filename of the latest version posted or reading a three character text file.
My question then is can I do this without adding a control? Is there some sort of API that could do this?
If the control is the only way to go, would INet be the best way (smallest footprint) to go about it?
Ok, i know the solution is probably really simple but i don't really know what to search for when looking for a solution.
I am renaming files using a number ordering system but i need the files to be numbered as follows:
If the length of digits is only 2 then:
01, 02, 03, 04, 05...10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15
If the length of digits is only 3 then:
001, 002, 003...010, 011, 012, 013...100, 101, 102, 103
Obviously i can get the length of digits as Len($String) so that's fine. I just need to know how to insert the preceding zero's (this is so that Windows lists them in the correct order).
Thank you for any help.
Long To Digits?
is there a way that i can divide a long into its seperate digits and put them in an array? ie-


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Thrust is the force which moves a
rocket through the air. Thrust is generated by the rocket engine
through the reaction of
accelerating a mass of gas. The gas is accelerated to the the rear
and the rocket is accelerated in the opposite
direction. To accelerate the gas, we need some kind of propulsion
system. We will discuss the details of various propulsion systems
on some other pages. For right now, let us just think of the
propulsion system as some machine which accelerates a gas.
From Newton's second law of motion, we
can define a force to be the change in momentum of an object with a
change in time. Momentum is the object's mass times the
velocity. When dealing with a gas, the basic thrust
equation is given as:
F = mdot e * Ve - mdot 0 * V0 + (pe - p0) * Ae
Thrust F is equal to the exit mass flow rate
mdot e times the exit velocity Ve minus the
free stream mass flow rate mdot 0 times
the free stream velocity V0 plus the pressure difference across the
engine pe - p0 times the engine area Ae.
For liquid or solid
rocket engines, the propellants, fuel and oxidizer, are carried on board.
There is no free stream air brought into the propulsion system,
F = mdot * Ve + (pe - p0) * Ae
where we have dropped the exit designation on the mass flow rate.
Using algebra, let us divide by mdot:
F / modt = Ve + (pe - p0) * Ae / mdot
We define a new velocity called the equivalent
velocity Veq to be the velocity on the right hand side of the above equation:
Veq = Ve + (pe - p0) * Ae / mdot
Then the rocket thrust equation becomes:
F = mdot * Veq
The total impulse (I) of a rocket is defined as the average thrust
times the total time of firing. On the slide we show the total time as
"delta t". (delta is the Greek symbol that looks like a triangle):
I = F * delta t
Since the thrust may change with time,
we can also define an integral equation for the total impulse. Using the symbol
(Sdt) for the integral, we have:
I = S F dt
Substituting the equation for thrust given above:
I = S (mdot * Veq) dt
Remember that mdot is the mass flow rate; it is the amount of exhaust mass
per time that comes out of the rocket. Assuming the equivalent velocity remains
constant with time, we can integrate the equation to get:
I = m * Veq
where m is the total mass of the propellant. We can divide this equation
the weight of the propellants to define the specific impulse.
just means "divided by weight". The specific impulse Isp is given by:
Isp = Veq / g0
where g0 is the gravitational acceleration constant (32.2 ft/sec^2 in English units,
9.8 m/sec^2 in metric units).
Now, if we substitute for the equivalent velocity
in terms of the thrust:
Isp = F / (mdot * g0)
Mathematically, the Isp is a
of the thrust produced to the weight flow of the propellants.
A quick check of the units for Isp shows that:
Isp = m/sec / m/sec^2 = sec
Why are we interested in specific impulse?
First, it gives us a quick way to determine the thrust of a
rocket, if we know the weight flow rate through the nozzle.
Second, it is an
indication of engine efficiency. Two different rocket engines have
different values of specific impulse. The engine with the higher value
of specific impulse is more efficient because it produces more thrust
for the same amount of propellant.
Third, it simplifies our
mathematical analysis of rocket thermodynamics.
The units of specific impulse are
the same whether we use English units or metric units.
Fourth, it gives us an easy
way to "size" an engine during preliminary analysis. The result of
our thermodynamic analysis is a certain value of specific impulse. The
rocket weight will define the required value of thrust. Dividing the
thrust required by the specific impulse will tell us how much weight flow
of propellants our engine must produce. This information
determines the physical size of the engine.
There is a similar efficiency parameter called the
which is used to characterize turbine engine performance.
- Beginner's Guide Home Page


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Japan's Technology In World
Japan's Technology
Japan has been an innovator of the striking infrastructure projects. Now Japan is involved in several projects around the world that could influence infrastructure for years to come.
Japan has one of the oldest wooden temples still standing after hundreds of earthquakes, The Shinkansen... the first high-speed rail line making the world take note, and several projects that have attracted many nations to get the new technology.
Tokyo 2020 National Olympic Stadium $1.26 billion:
Tokyo Olympics stadium construction and details
Tokyo Olympic stadium construction work and detail about it
When Japan hosted the Summer Olympics in 1964, Japanese architect Kenzo Tange'sYoyogi National Gymnasium became an architectural icon. When it Hosts the 2020 Summer Olympics, Japan will add another Architectural Jewel.
Currently, Under Construction, the new National Stadium dreamed up by Japanese architect Kengo Kuma, is designed to harmonize with the surrounding green space and recall the element of a traditional Japanese Temple, while still accommodating Olympic sized crowds.
Shinkansen High-Speed Rail:
Shinkansen Bullet train and how it is the best train
Shinkansen Bullet Train
Under this, we can see many projects going on in countries like India, Singapore, Malaysia, and Texas.
History of these high-speed trains is based on a concept by two of Japan's great visionaries of having a dedicated track for just high-speed trains which have a capacity of the aeroplane and a considerable high speed. They did it on time and perfect, and within 3 years it crossed over 1 million passenger travels.
now it has over 100's of trains going up and down having higher speeds and just 3 min time gap between two consecutive ones with delays in seconds and no death record.
Some of the Shinkansen projects working around the world are:
Shinkansen, India $12 billion
It is a project of 508 km underground as well as an elevated track route. This will connect the financial center of India, Mumbai and Gujarat's major city, Ahmedabad. Japan is going to fund about 81% of the total project and will it repaid by 50 years with 0.1% the interest rate.
The completion date is seen to be in the year 2023.
Shinkansen, Singapore Malaysia $17-20 billion
The shinkansen will be connecting Malaysia and Singapore which will reduce the travel time to 90 minutes where currently it takes around 5 hours. Japan will provide the funds and the technology fr the high-speed train.
The completion date is seen to be in the year 2026.
Shinkansen, Texas $40 million
As most of the railways are in the hand of private investors, this project is seen to be in private investors' plan to build it between Dallas and Houston. Overall there are enough funds with the central rail commission but Japan will fund the $40 million project.
The completion date is not announced.
Chennai Metro Rail, India $9.8 billion:
Chennai metro project taken by the Japan metro organisation
Recognizing the economic potential in the emerging Indian market, Japan has also partnered with this India to become involved in projects like the Free Open Indo Pacific Strategy.
Additional Japan brings the money and technology to the table for the Chennai Metro Rail Project.
W350 Wooden Skyscraper, Tokyo $5.6 billion:
W350 wooden skyscraper
A company named Sumitomo Forestry has plans to build the world's first 70 story skyscraper out of wood. The building carries a price tag of more than $5 billion. We will see the new CLT technology which will help better Timber buildings having resistance to fire and doesn't get weak over time.
Tokyo 2045: TBD:
Sky Mile Tower which will be the tallest tower ever and will house over 50000 people
As an island nation, Japan is practically sensitive to rising sea and other effects of climate change. In response to environmental changes, architects from Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates and Leslie E. Robertson creates a vision for Tokyo in 2045. The design includes hexagonal pads in Tokyo Bay to break up storm surges and maintaining a better living city. Another project is of building Sky Mile Tower, a mile-high building, that's twice the height of Burj Khalifa. This would house over 50000 residents.
Popular Post
Timber Buildings!?


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This booklet was created to help parents and educators, two groups who care deeply about children and support children during this potentially stressful time. It includes ways that parents and educators can work together to ensure the education process stays on track during a deployment.
The deployment cycle is best thought of as three separate phases: (1) pre-deployment, (2) deployment, and (3) reunion. Each phase has unique issues and requires different strategies. The information provided in the booklet is grouped into three sections to parallel this structure. Special suggestions for parents and educators are provided to help both groups anticipate the specific needs of children in that phase of the cycle and to provide necessary support.


The Bower & Collier Family History
Research by Colin Bower
Silk Weavers named Collier
Article in Cockney Ancestor Winter 2007
The following article, written by Doreen Furby, appeared in the Winter 2007 edition of Cockney Ancestor, the journal of the East of London FHS.
"Furby – a French Connection?
By Doreen Furby, member 2569
In all my exchanges of information with researchers of the FURBY family descended from John Furby, painter and glazier of Shoreditch, born 1797, and his wife Sarah, every one has mentioned a "French Connection", but not until 2006 was I able to prove that it existed, if only for one line of Furbys so far.
In October 1949, a Miss Grace Evelyn Priscilla FURBY, born 1890 in West Ham wrote to my father-in-law, Charles Alfred FURBY, born 1900 in Islington, whose family business as painters, glaziers, plumbers and general builders had been continuous in the Hackney and Islington areas from the early 1800s and was based in de Beauvoir Town until the late 1960s. Grace wrote to Charlie because she was researching on behalf of "a supposed relative of British descent", Monsieur Charles E L FURBY, born in Edinburgh in 1891, a lawyer, who practised in Paris. He believed that his Furby ancestors had settled in France several centuries earlier. Grace had found a French Furby line in Nîmes, where four Furbys, including Charles' 3 x gtgrandfather Antoine, his brother Jean and two sisters died in 1793, and in Aix. Charles grandfather, François Eugène Alcide Furby, born in 1828 and a Royalist sympathiser, fled to Edinburgh in about 1852 at the time of the second republic, but later returned to France. Charles' father remained in Scotland, where his children were born.
Grace and Charlie quickly established that they were both descended from sons of John Furby, born c.1787 and his wife Sarah, born c.1794, who settled in Shoreditch. They had twelve known children: Charlie was descended from their eldest child, John William Furby, born 1812, Grace from James Samuel Furby, born 1823. Grace spoke of several versions of the French links story, including a possible Huguenot connection who she thought were "French Protestants who settled in Canterbury" but found no evidence to support it. Her father, George Frederick Furby, born 1859 to James Samuel Furby and Ann Maria THWAITES, talked of many craftsmen in the family. Charlie Furby's version of the French Connection was that there were two brothers, velvet weavers, who had fled from France and settled in Whitechapel. The correspondence ended in 1960, with no positive outcome of Grace's painstaking research. I took up the challenge in 1985.
In the 1841 census I found both James Samuel Furby and his wife Ann were weavers; as was John William's wife, Elizabeth COLLIER, born in Spitalfields in 1806. Elizabeth's father Thomas Collier was a silk weaver, born 1779, who married Mary KEMP in Christ Church, Spitalfields, in1802. Thomas' father, William Collier, born c., born 1747 was a fringe, ferrit and velvet ribbon maker; John William's sister, Sarah Rebecca FAUTLEY, born 1815, was a silk weaver, and so it goes on.
So where was the French connection?
I looked at Mary KEMP's family and there it was! Mary KEMP, one of sixteen children born to John KEMP, born c. 1742, a gardener, later poulterer, of Brick Lane, who married Ann GAUCHERON, born 1752, in St Dunstan, Stepney on 3rd October 1770. Ann's father Louis, born in London in 1718, a member of the Huguenot congregation of the Wheeler Street chapel, died in La Providence, the Huguenot charitable foundation. Louis' father, Pierre, had come from France as a child. The first known Gaucheron refugee, another Louis, had arrived in England in 1681: he was a weaver.
The history of the GAUCHERONS, KEMPS and COLIERS is now being researched by a network of descendants. Not only did they have large families, but somehow most of their children survived. It is no longer a surname in our lines, so far as we know, but is still found as a second given name in several branches of the family.
A "Gathering of Gaucherons, Kemps and Colliers" has been fixed for Saturday, 20th October in Bishopsgate, to "meet the family". If you are descended from any of these lines, please write or email for details:
Doreen Furby"
Colin Bower
31 October 2014
Links to:
Silk Weavers named Collier - Introduction & Index
Silk Weavers named Collier - The Story So Far
Collier Family - Progress to Date
Made with CityDesk


text:
preservatives). The citric acid is derived by fermentation of carbohydrates from lemons, limes, pineapple juice and molasses. We use a powder form that completely dissolves in water. It is the highest food grade we can purchase and meets the strict specifications of the USP (United States Pharmacopoeia), FCC (Food Chemical Codex) and certified Kosher. An additional benefit is that it functions as an antioxidant in Body Balance.
Q: What is the function of potassium sorbate and potassium benzoate in Body Balance and are these ingredients safe?
A: Potassium Sorbate is a potassium salt version of sorbic acid. Sorbic acid is a polyunsaturated fat used to inhibit mold growth. Potassium benzoate is the potassium salt of benzoic acid, also a polyunsaturated fat (used for over 80 years as a food preservative). Potassium benzoate and potassium sorbate are added as preservatives. They maintain the freshness of the product through its shelf life and inhibit the growth of microorganisms. They also help maintain the proper pH.
These two preservatives, similar to vinegar, salt or other natural preservatives, are safe as determined by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and are listed on the Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) list. They have been used since the 1950's and today stands as one of the most thoroughly tested food additives in history. In fact, few substances have had the kind of extensive, rigorous, and long-term testing than these two preservatives.
Q: Why is phosphoric acid added to Body Balance? I have heard that this ingredient causes osteoporosis.
A: Phosphoric acid or orthophosphoric acid are categorized as an acidulent and added to Body Balance as a pH adjuster. A secondary benefit is its flavor enhancing and antioxidant properties.
Regarding food safety implications, during processing, the proper pH (the measure of acidity, less than 7, or alkalinity, greater than 7, of a solution) must be maintained in order to prevent the growth of harmful bacteria. Most food-born bacteria can't grow at pH levels below 4.6. Acidification is one way to maintain safe pH levels and keep various foods safe from harmful bacteria.
Phosphoric acid is safe as determined by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and listed on the Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) list and Food Chemical Codex (FCC). It has been used for many decades in the food/beverage industry and has been determined to be one of the safest pH adjusters available. The amount of phosphoric acid in Body Balance is very small at 0.1% and taking the product as recommended would add insignificant amounts to the body.
To date, there is no proof in the theory that phosphoric acid causes osteoporosis. The phosphorus component of phosphoric acid does contribute to the total phosphorus pool in the body. The possible negative affect is primary related to soft drink consumption as a displacement for milk and other beverages with calcium.
Also, our POWDERED form of Body Balance does not contain this ingredient.
Q: Could you please explain the process in making Body Balance and what is the difference between hot and cold processing?
A: We know that the certain vitamins and nutrients (enzymes) are heat sensitive. Valuable nutrients in whole foods occur naturally and in small amounts. Heat processing is used for sterilization and pasteurization and these trace nutrients may be totally destroyed. This is not how Body Balance is processed. Thus, the cold processing prevents food nutrients from being altered by heat. The nutrients are in a more natural state, and often easier to absorb.
Q: Can you explain in more detail the cold processing of Body Balance and other Life Force products?
A: Since all of our products contain high quality selected ingredients, we do not use any kind of heat, pasteurization or sterilization on any of our products.
The reason for this is that we don't want to cause degradation/destruction of a broad spectrum of naturally occurring phytonutrients in our products (along with other heat sensitive nutrients such as enzymes, proteins, traces of vitamins, etc.).
Our scientific, technical and production team have implemented comprehensive and thorough process specifications and controls to ensure the freshest possible delivery of natural nutrients in their most natural state. This is accomplished with proprietary processing, cold packaging, and exceptional quality control. Our packaging protects the sensitive ingredients from heat, light and oxygen, the three main factors leading to degradation and loss of effectiveness.
Our products are a result of a long evaluation process and hard teamwork. Therefore, more detailed information regarding our product processing is our company proprietary information.
Q: I am on a restricted carbohydrate diet so I keep very close count of my grams of carbs. Could you tell me what the carbohydrates are in Body Balance?
A: The total carbohydrate per serving (1 fluid ounce) is 2 gm, or 4 gm per 2 oz serving. Total carbohydrate on the label refers to both COMPLEX and SIMPLE.
The 1 gm SIMPLE sugar comes from the honey and black cherry. The other 1 gm of COMPLEX comes from the aloe vera and sea vegetation. Together they form the total amount.
Q: I am currently taking medication and concerned about the Vitamin K levels. Could you please tell me what they are?
A: The Vitamin K concentration is 1.5 micrograms/30 ml serving (amounts may vary slightly per batch). This information needs to be shared with your primary healthcare provider prescribing your medication or pharmacist.
Q: I noticed that Body Balance has minerals like Arsenic, Cadmium, Mercury and Lead. Aren't these minerals toxic?
A: All the minerals contained in Body Balance occur in nature and are plant based. They are in an organic and ionic state and not in the elemental form. The amounts of arsenic, cadmium, mercury and lead contained within the product are well below detectable limits using very sophisticated laboratory equipment. They are generally in the parts per million (ppm), parts per billion (ppb,) or even parts per trillion (ppt) levels. Every lot made is tested and cleared by our QA department.
The levels are no greater than what you would find in common fruits or vegetables in a market. A basic tenet of pharmacology is: "The dose makes the poison." Minerals, or any nutrient for that matter, are potentially toxic in massive amounts. Body Balance has been sold for over 20 years and the company does not have a single adverse event reported associated with these minerals.
Q: Could you please describe the sea vegetation used in Body Balance?
A: Sea vegetation is one of the oldest living species on Earth. The sea vegetation is harvested from the Behring's Straits located near Alaska from what is called the "Regeneration Zone," an oceanographic term. The minerals are in the highest concentration relative to other oceans (e.g., Atlantic, Indian, etc.) and the recycling is from the very deep waters (approximately 1,000 feet) allowing the sea vegetation to take up a greater concentration of minerals. The depth of the area is between 40 and 200 feet below the surface of the water where the sun-ripened vegetation (more than 18 hours during the summer months) is cultivated.
Q: Does Body Balance contain folic acid?
A: Body Balance contains a trace amount of naturally occurring folate. The Life Force International product that contains a higher amount of folate is the AminoRegulator (Canada – Folic Acid and Vitamin B6) at 300 micrograms (mcg)/serving. Each serving of AminoRegulator is 3 droppers or 3 ml. TrueGreens also contains natural sources of folate at approximately 14 mcg/serving.
Q: How much iron is in Body Balance?
A: As Body Balance is a whole food the iron content varies slightly from batch to batch. Each finished product lot is analyzed for iron and the other major, trace and ultratrace minerals. On average the iron content is approximately 0.62 mg iron/30 ml (1 oz.) serving. Based on this number the iron content would be 1.2 mg iron/60 ml (2 oz.).
Q: Can you give me a ballpark figure of the percent of daily allowance of the vitamins in Body Balance?
A: Body Balance is a whole food and the vitamins are naturally occurring in a "perfect balance." We do not formulate Body Balance with synthetic vitamins to meet Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) levels. As a whole food, the vitamin levels vary from lot to lot, therefore, we do not list these values on the label.
Q: Could you provide me with some information about the breakdown of this product and clarify exactly what the aluminum levels are?
A: Based on the analysis of the most recent lot of Body Balance, the aluminum concentration was found to be 0.014 mg/30 ml serving or 0.014 ppm/serving. The typical daily dietary intake of aluminum is between 2-10 mg. Sources include baked goods prepared with chemical leavening agents (e.g., baking powder), processed cheese, grains, vegetables, herbs and teas.
Q: What is the difference between glyconutrients and phytonutrients? Are glyconutrients included in Body Balance?
A: Glyconutrients is a general term to molecules that are foods and nutritional supplements that are specific carbohydrates or sugars (saccharides) combined with other nutrients. For example, there are glycoproteins, where the sugar molecule is combined with a protein molecule. Another example would be glycolipids, where the sugar molecule is combined with a lipid (fat) molecule.
Glyconutrients function to provide specific molecules to the surface of