text:
You might get the following error when there is any issue related to a SPN in the environment:
1) Login failed for user 'null'
2) Login failed for user ''
3) Login failed for user 'NT Authority\Anonymous Logon'
4) Cannot generate SSPI context
We get these errors when we use windows authentication and there is more than one hop involved in the scenario before passing the authentication to the final destination. For example while browsing a web site which use windows authentication or in case of a linked server.
Let's take the most common example, when you are browsing a website that is hosted in IIS server and stores information in SQL database. In this case the data is stored in SQL, The web application which is hosted in a separate IIS server talks to this SQL server through windows authentication. Now when a user logs in to the web site on a third box which is also in the same domain as the IIS and SQL server and tries to browse the website, his user account is passed to SQL server via the IIS box in between.
This kind of scenario is called a double hop where the authentication is passed from the originating box (where the user actually opens the website in IE) to the final box (SQL server) in two hops (1. originating box to IIS 2. IIS box to SQL box). In these types of scenarios, Kerberos is a must. Because NTLM cannot delegate authentication in multiple hops.
For Kerberos to work we need proper SPN. If Proper SPNs are not found in active directory, we will encounter the above errors. When we say proper SPN, it means that the SPN should be in proper format, should contain the right information and should not be duplicate.
Prerequisites for Kerberos delegation to work.
1. All computers must be running Windows 2000 or later.
2. All computers must be in the same domain, or domains that trust one another.
3. The domain(s) must be using Active Directory.
4. Kerberos depends on synchronized timing between computers. Out-of-sync computer clocks may cause Kerberos authentication to fail. So all the machines involved in this scenario should have their time synchronised time.
Active Directory Settings
1. Domain users who will be connecting through IIS to SQL Server must not have their domain user accounts marked as "Account is sensitive and cannot be delegated" or should have their "Account is trusted for delegation" checked in the Active Directory Users and Computers tool.
2. The IIS server (the computer that will be delegating) must have "trust computer for delegation" Checked in the Active Directory Users and Computers tool.
3. The IWAM account in case of IIS 5 and in case of IIS 6 and higher, the Log on account for the application pool under which the web application is running must also have "Trust this user for delegation" Checked in the Active Directory Users and Computers tool.
4. It is necessary to register a "Service Principal Name" (SPN) for SQL Server if SQL Server is not running under the LocalSystem account or a domain admin account. If you are running the SQL service under LocalSystem it will automatically create a SPN for the machine account in active directory and if you are running the SQL service in a domain admin account even in that case it will create its own SPN. But if you are running the SQL account in a different domain account you need to manually create the SPN.
To Create SPN you need to have the domain admin privileges. You can use the SETSPN tools to create or delete SPNs. The SETSPN tool comes with the Windows 2000 Resource Kit Tool.
First run the command "SETSPN –L " to find out if there is any improper or duplicate SPN(this command does not require domain admin privilages). A valid SQL SPN should be in the format "MSSQLSvc/:" ex: MSSQLSvc/SQLServer.MyDomain.Com:1433. If you find any improper or duplicate SQL SPN then delete them using the command "SETSPN –D < domain\SQLService account >"
(You can also use a tool called Delegconfig to find out if there is a duplicate SPN. You can download this tool from the link _URL_
Then add the appropriate SPN with the command "SETSPN –A MSSQLSvc/: < domain\SQLService account >"
If you are trying to connect to a SQL cluster you need to have two SPNs. One with the port and one without. With thefollowing format:
MSSQLSvc/.:
MSSQLSvc/.
5. For Active Directory to work correctly, DNS must also function correctly. If you are having DNS problems, Kerberos will fail, due to name lookup problems. You can do a ping –a to find out if the IP address and FQDN is being resolved properly.
1. Client computers must be running Internet Explorer 5.0 or later
2. In IE, it may be necessary to turn on "Enable Windows Integrated Authentication" in the browser's Advanced Options.
3. Browsers can't be going through a proxy server. If using a proxy must select option in IE to "bypass proxy for local addresses"
1. Only Windows Authentication, or Windows and Basic, if necessary (see below), should be enabled on the web site or virtual folder. Digest authentication does not support delegation
2. Specify a trusted connection to SQL Server with "Integrated Security=SSPI" in the connection string.
Author : Snehadeep, SQL Developer Engineer, Microsoft
Reviewed by : SMAT, SQL Escalation Services, Microsoft


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Introduction to Ecological Design Concepts
This introductory course discuses how to implement ecological design concepts in various landscapes. Environmental considerations that need to be taken into account with every project are covered. From ecosystem resilience to carbon sequestration, energy efficient design to waste and water management, achieving a more sustainable environment is at the core of this learning experience.
Sustainable Development & Design
Health, Safety and Welfare
1. Understand over arching concepts associated with ecological design
2. Comprehend specific methods for implementing ecologically sustainable design
3. Learn about the interdependence of ecological concepts
LA - 17006
GO HERE TO REGISTER
American Society of Landscape Architects © Copyright 2018 All rights reserved.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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- Beyond productivityEffects of extreme weather events on ecosystem processes and biotic interactions (2012)
- Under global climate change, extreme weather events, such as heat waves, drought or heavy rain spells, are projected to increase in magnitude and frequency. As these may affect vegetation and ecosystems more than gradual shifts in mean climatic parameters, investigating the consequences of extreme weather events recently became an important issue in climate change research. The main focus of most experiments investigating effects of extreme weather events on vegetation is on primary productivity. In our experiment in artificially planted communities, even an extreme drought of 1000-year recurrence did not have effects on aboveor below-ground biomass production from 2005-2010. Thus, the main objectives of this thesis were (1) to investigate if extreme weather events have an effect on ecosystem functions beyond productivity, (2) to test if such a high resistance or resilience in response to drought regarding productivity also exists in more naturally grown plant communities and (3) to further elucidate possible mechanisms of the surprisingly large stability of the plant communities. To investigate these objectives, several experimental studies were conducted in artificially planted, as well as in naturally grown grassland communities and consequences of extreme weather events for ecosystem processes, such as decomposition and herbivory were investigated. In a pot experiment, it was studied, if grass plants react improved towards repeated drought when compared to a first drought and thus reveal a kind of drought memory. Such a memory might be one possible, but up until now widely neglected mechanism of resilience. Even though biomass production remained stable in our experiment in artificially planted communities, biomass quality was severely affected by extreme drought, thereby strongly affecting the development of a herbivore caterpillar feeding on drought-exposed leaves. Further, plant compounds of the host plant depended on the composition of the plant community it was grown in. This in turn resulted in strong effects on the larval mortality of herbivores feeding on such plants. In contrast to the study in artificially planted communities, aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) was reduced in naturally composed grassland in response to extreme rainfall variability, including an extreme drought followed by heavy rainfall. Forage quality was altered by drought. Furthermore, mowing frequency strongly altered forage quality and biomass production, but did not interact with rainfall variability and thus did neither buffer, nor amplify effects of extreme rainfall variability. Despite effects of rainfall variability on ANPP, grassland showed high resilience after drought followed by heavy rain, as effects were large shortly after the extreme event, but did not persist until a second harvest later in the year. In natural grassland, rainfall variability and drought also affected ecosystem processes, here litter decomposition, beyond productivity. Drought followed by heavy rain pulses decreased decomposition rates. Decomposition in more frequently mown meadows was more vulnerable towards drought exposure. Winter warming and additional winter rain had no long-term effect on decomposition. To conclude, projected increases in drought frequency under climate change may inhibit decomposition and alter nutrient and carbon cycling along with soil quality in temperate grassland, whereas a reduction of snow cover leading to more variable soil surface temperatures may counteract increased decomposition under winter warming. In this thesis, an ecological stress memory as one possible mechanism of resilience is defined as any response of a single plant after a stress experience that improves the reaction of the plant towards future stress experience and which is assessed on a whole plant level. This thesis further provides evidence of a drought memory in grass plants: Plants repeatedly subjected to drought showed improved photo-protection and a higher rate of living biomass when compared to plants faced with their first drought. Similarly, tree seedlings exposed to drought in summer revealed higher frost resistance during winter, providing evidence of a long-lasting "cross-stress-memory". To sum up, the thesis shows that extreme weather events, even though neither severely affecting biomass production in artificially composed, nor in naturally growing communities in the long-term, exert strong influence on physiological or biogeochemical parameters, such as plant compounds or soil biotic activity. These changes in turn modify ecosystem functions beyond productivity, for example herbivory or decomposition, possibly altering biotic interactions and nutrient cycling. Furthermore, the findings imply that plants exhibit a stress memory after stress exposure, which may be one mechanisms leading to a high stability and resilience upon frequent stress.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Astrocaryum acaule Mart. Palmae.
Brazil. This is a palm of the Rio Negro. The fruit is edible.
Astrocaryum murumura Mart. Murumura.
A palm of the Brazilian forest. The fruit, according to Kunth, has an agreeable flavor and at first a scent resembling musk but afterwards that of a melon. Wallace states that the fleshy covering of the fruit is rather juicy and is eatable.
Astrocaryum tucuma Mart.
Upper Amazon and Rio Negro. The fleshy part of the fruit is esteemed for food by the Indians. The yellowish, fibrous pulp is eaten by the natives.
Sturtevant's Edible Plants of the World, 1919, was edited by U. P. Hedrick.


Create Deep Links to App Content
When a clicked link or programmatic request invokes a web URI intent, the Android system tries each of the following actions, in sequential order, until the request succeeds:
 1. Open the user's preferred app that can handle the URI, if one is designated.
 2. Open the only available app that can handle the URI.
 3. Allow the user to select an app from a dialog.
Follow the steps below to create and test links to your content. You can also use the App Links Assistant in Android Studio to add Android App Links.
Add intent filters for incoming links
To create a link to your app content, add an intent filter that contains these elements and attribute values in your manifest:
Add one or more tags, each of which represents a URI format that resolves to the activity. At minimum, the tag must include the android:scheme attribute.
You can add more attributes to further refine the type of URI that the activity accepts. For example, you might have multiple activities that accept similar URIs, but which differ simply based on the path name. In this case, use the android:path attribute or its pathPattern or pathPrefix variants to differentiate which activity the system should open for different URI paths.
Include the BROWSABLE category. It is required in order for the intent filter to be accessible from a web browser. Without it, clicking a link in a browser cannot resolve to your app.
Also include the DEFAULT category. This allows your app to respond to implicit intents. Without this, the activity can be started only if the intent specifies your app component name.
 android:label="_USER_/title_gizmos" >

Notice that the two intent filters only differ by the element. Although it's possible to include multiple elements in the same filter, it's important that you create separate filters when your intention is to declare unique URLs (such as a specific combination of scheme and host), because multiple elements in the same intent filter are actually merged together to account for all variations of their combined attributes. For example, consider the following:

It might seem as though this supports only and app:// However, it actually supports those two, plus these: app:// and
Read data from incoming intents
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
 val action: String? = intent?.action
 val data: Uri? = intent?.data
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
 Intent intent = getIntent();
 String action = intent.getAction();
 Uri data = intent.getData();
Follow these best practices to improve the user's experience:
Test your deep links
$ adb shell am start
 -W -a android.intent.action.VIEW
 -d
$ adb shell am start
 -W -a android.intent.action.VIEW
 -d "example://gizmos"
The manifest declaration and intent handler you set above define the connection between your app and a website and what to do with incoming links. However, in order to have the system treat your app as the default handler for a set of URIs, you must also request that the system verify this connection. The next lesson explains how to implement this verification.
To learn more about intents and app links, see the following resources:


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Beavers and sea otters are known for having this amazing fur that traps air when they dive underwater, helping to keep their little blubber-less bodies warm. This is what inspired MIT engineers to create a fur-like rubbery pelt. They wanted to figure out how these mammals star warm and even dry while diving in and out of icy waters.
The Plan: Make precise, fur-like surfaces of various dimensions, dunk the surfaces in liquid at different speeds, and use video imaging to measure the air that is trapped in the fur during each each dive.
"We are particularly interested in wetsuits for surfing, where the athlete moves frequently between air and water environments," says Anette (Peko) Hosoi, a professor of mechanical engineering and associate head of the department at MIT. "We can control the length, spacing, and arrangement of hairs, which allows us to design textures to match certain dive speeds and maximize the wetsuit's dry region."
The team at MIT made several molds by laser-cutting thousands of tiny holes in small acrylic blocks. Each mold was altered, varying in size and the spacing of individual hairs. The molds were then filled with a soft casting rubber.
Researchers mounted each hairy piece of rubber and submerged them in silicone oil. They chose oil so they could better observe any air pockets forming.
Results: The team learned that the spacing of individual hairs, and the speed at which they were plunged, played a large role in determining how much air a surface could trap. Surfaces with denser fur, plunged at higher speeds, generally retained more air within the hairs.
So, what does this mean? If you've ever worn a wetsuit you know they can be heavy and hard to move around in. Let's pretend a wetsuit is made out of this fabricated hairy material, using air for insulation instead of soggy rubber. The bio-inspired wetsuit would be lightweight and behave better in water.
Can you imagine? Light, warm, furry wetsuits? I'm in! 🏄
The results were published in the journal Physical Review Fluids. You can view the study here -along with some pretty epic charts, diagrams, and photos.


text:
The direct interface of fluid power components to digital computers requires electrohydraulic devices which can be actuated by a digital signal. High speed solenoid valves are devices ideally suited for this kind of application due to their on/off characteristics. In the last two decades, considerable research has been focused on developing fast responding on/off valves and this research has achieved some success. The fastest responding valves that have been reported are usually single stage and can only handle low flow rates. Two stage valves which can accommodate high flow rates have been developed, but they are either slow in responding or complicated in construction.
In this paper, the feasibility of a rotary based, single stage, fast responding digital valve is considered. The feasibility study consisted of developing a nonlinear model of the valve from which transient and steady state responses were simulated. Based on these simulation studies, a prototype valve was designed and fabricated. The configuration of the valve is introduced in this paper. Some preliminary experimental results of the testing of this valve are presented.


text:
MODULE 1 - WIND
What is wind? How do you measure it? Students construct anemometers to measure wind speed, collect data, and compare wind velocity in different locations. This module contains the very basis of sailing knowledge - an awareness of wind and from which direction it is blowing.
MODULE 2 - BUOYANCY
What makes a boat float? What is the basis for a sound hull design? Students test their creative and cooperative skills in this group module which is as fun as it is educational. The fun and learning continues as they put this concept to practical use when sailing on a 420 or a J-22 in our protected marina.
MODULE 3 - SAIL AREA
What shape are sails and why? How do we calculate the area of a triangular sail? What is the perimeter of a sail? Students learn a practical application of the Pythagorean Theorem and a more in-depth understanding of a sail, which is actually a three-dimensional object that creates lift when wind flows around it.
MODULE 6 - MARINE DEBRIS
In this module, students spend time observing and collecting debris on a nearby beach. What appears to be a pristine seashore from a distance actually contains more man-made objects than one can imagine! Students participate in the Rozalia Project by cleaning up and recording marine debris for this national project.
MODULE 7 - UPWIND SAILING ANGLES
Students learn the advantages of tacking a boat at 90 degrees and how they can apply this principle to racing or sailing a boat upwind in optimum fashion.
MODULE 8 - LAND AND SEA BREEZES
Students learn the difference between a land and sea breeze and what causes each to occur. The San Francisco Bay is a perfect venue for this discussion.


IPC 8th grade
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 1. 250 joules of power
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 2. did you get 250, taylor?
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Der Flügelflügel space concert hall
This open source project concept is for developing an open source design of a spaceship with the form of a grand piano.
Its german name means "Grand piano wing".
Its purpose is to provide a concert hall, with a beautiful sight to the stars.
This sight would be achievable whenever the tripulation opens the grand piano lid.
Their tripulants may also have the mission of playing humankind's music across the most remote confines of the universe.
The technology used for building one spaceship like this would be the same used for building other spaceships like one that would transport thousands of living beings between earth and mars.
Its most important component would be Tinystar nuclear fusion reactor for spaceships, since it would be the main source of energy.
It would have a big dock for storing many of the visitors' spaceships. Each white key would be an entrance, because it has to provide many entrance points due to the high amount of spaceships traffic before and after each event.
Any graphical contribution would be helpful: before any design there should be an artistic representation. This is a grandpiano with texture of spaceship, where people sit below the open lid, inside the spaceship, enjoying the event while watching the artists and stars.
The lid would be an excellent surface for installing Open solar sunshine flower cells, because in order to let people see the stars, it is better that they are facing to the opposite direction of the closest star. This way while the event takes place, the open lid would provide energy to the spaceship while it is absorbing sunlight, providing a comfortable shadow for improving the spectators' experience :D


text:
Today in Legal History: FDR Wins 4th Term
Franklin Delano Roosevelt won a fourth term on November 7, 1944. Other than Franklin Roosevelt, no president has ever served more than two terms. George Washington stepped down after two terms and many other presidents followed his example. Teddy Roosevelt ran for a third term but lost that election. After FDR's tenure, the 22nd Amendment was ratified, limiting the term of a presidency.
More information is available at:law, legal history, legal information


Collegeville Connections | Metaphor as a Tool for Discernment
Document Type
Publication Date
How do individuals and churches collectively discern what choices to make? And how can metaphors, such as pottery, help with the process?
In Fall 2020, the Collegeville Institute's Communities of Calling Initiative gathered leaders from the 13 participating congregations for the virtual Treasure in Clay Jars retreat. Designed by project director Rev. Dr. Jane Patterson and program associate Jessie Bazan, the retreat invited participants to play with the metaphor of pottery as a way of reflecting on their individual and congregational callings.
In this Collegeville Connections presentation, Jane and Jessie will explore the value of metaphor as a tool for discernment and use the metaphor of pottery to reflect with some Communities of Calling Initiative participants about their recent experiences in congregational life.
Streaming Media


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|Title:||The Children's Homer: The Adventures of Odysseus and the Tale of Troy|
|Number of pages:||256|
Travel back to a mythical time when Achilles, aided by the gods, waged war against the Trojans. And join Odysseus on his journey through murky waters, facing obstacles like the terrifying Scylla and whirring Charybdis, the beautiful enchantress Circe, and the land of the raging Cyclôpes. Using narrative threads from The Iliad and The Odyssey, Padraic Colum weaves a stunning adventure with all the drama and power that Homer intended.
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keywords: main lesson


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Kiki likes traveling. One day she finds a magic lamp, unfortunately the genie in the lamp is not so kind. Kiki must answer a question, and then the genie will realize one of her dreams. The question is: give you an integer, you are allowed to delete exactly m digits. The left digits will form a new integer. You should make it minimum. You are not allowed to change the order of the digits. Now can you help Kiki to realize her dream?
There are several test cases. Each test case will contain an integer you are given (which may at most contains 1000 digits.) and the integer m (if the integer contains n digits, m will not bigger then n). The given integer will not contain leading zero.
For each case, output the minimum result you can get in one line. If the result contains leading zero, ignore it.


stone.
 - Amateur: The date is 1/13/1933... Go left, right, left, right, left, right, left, right.
 - Master: The date is 3/14/1933... Go right, right, right, left, right, left, left.
Take the flower plate.
Leave... or at least try. Nancy will get sleepy again, and when you come to, you'll be talking with Ned and Bess again.
Head to the cemetery when you're done talking to them.
Find the secret in Franklin's memorial: Stop by the statue and look at the plaque. This is Franklin's memorial. Charlotte's journal mentioned that the first (1) and seventh (8) numbers have relevance in trying to open the big door in the cellar.
Find a way to use the flower design: Go into the crypt and put the flower plate on coffin #3 in row 2 (the flower note shows you where to put it). Take the token.
Find a way to unlock the door in the tunnels: Place the "6" token you just got from the flower coffin in the open spot. Charlotte's journal said that, for Amateur, each side needs to be equal 18. For Master, the top/bottom edges are equal to 25, and the sides are equal to 15.
Find Jessalyn
Find a way to help Jessalyn: Simply talk to her.
Go to the passage way in Charlotte's bedroom and wait for Clara to leave.
Unlock Clara's briefcase before she returns:
Find the necklace that Jessalyn needs and bring it to her: Once you've gotten the necklace from the briefcase, return to Jessalyn.
Find the locket that Jessalyn needs: You may or may not have this already. Regardless, I will remind you that it is in the star coffin in the crypt.
Find a way to open the locket: Use the paper you found in the fountain at the ruins to open the locket.
Mom = Marianna, 1867 = Hiriam, and Wright = Emeline (you can figure this out using the family tree you have in your inventory).
After Jessalyn reads what was inside, she'll freak out and leave. Pick up the note that was left on the generator, read it, and put it in your inventory.
Go talk to Colton. He'll give you a sheet of paper.
Return to the tunnels in the cellar. It's too dark... Nancy will say something about it, and suggest finding a way to light it up.
Go to the generator.
Get the generator working again:
To get the right panel up, go: right (7 times), down (2), left (1), down (4), right (1), up (1), down (1), left
(1), up (2), right (1), down (1), right (1), down (2), left (4), up (4), left (2), up (3), and right (2).
Now, to go back. Go: left (2 times), down (3), right (2), down (4), right (4), up (2), left (1), up (1), left (1), up (3), right (1), up (1), left (3), and down (1) and into the hole.
Find the missing symbol: Now you can hunt. As I later realized, the symbols are all numbers, normally and inversed, to make a symbol. So you're looking for two sixes... and viola!
Use your spade to dig on it.
Open the safe: (Tiles, pegs)
 - Amateur: Slide tiles right, up (2), right, down, left (2), up, right, down, left, down, right (2), up, left.
 - Master: Slide the tiles right, down, left, up, right (3), down (3), left, up, right, down, left, up (2), right, down, left, up (2), right, down, left (3), down, right (2), up, left, down, right (2), down, left, up, left, down, right, up, right, down, left (3), up, right (2), up, left (2), down, right (2), down, left (2), up (3), right (2), down, right, up, left, down, left, down, right (2), up (2), left, down, right, down, left, up, right, up, left, down.
Discover the secret of the locket's contents: Look at what's inside the safe.
Escape the burning building. Save yourself, or risk saving others: Go back the way you came in, through the cellar. You'll run into Harper and Jessalyn. You can choose to save everyone, or just yourself.
Hopefully you choose to help them, but ya know. Whatever.
Help Jessalyn find a way to get Harper safely out of the building: There are 4 parts around the cellar to make a wheelbarrow (2 wheels, a set of handles, and some bolts).
Rescue Clara from the fire: If you choose to save Clara, you'll be locked into Charlotte's room. The only other way out is through the passageway you found, behind the picture. But it's locked again. Do what you did the first time, and set all the clocks to twelve. This time, when the clocks are done, set them to 9:00, 4:30, 7:30, 6:00, and 12:00.
CONGRATULATIONS! You have completed the Ghost of Thornton Hall! Thanks for visiting, and I'll see you again for The Silent Spy!
 1. I am completrly unable to dig. Whether I click or drag spade around
 2. This walkthrough is not complete
 1. If you'd like to elaborate, I will gladly fix it :)


text:
By Thomas G. Weiss, Cindy Collins
There are two distinct contemporary challenges to the relief of war-induced human suffering: one that occurs within the institutions that make up the international humanitarian system, the other in war zones. Varied interests, resources, and organizational structures within institutions hamper the efficiency and effectiveness of humanitarian operations. At the same timeon the groundethical, legal, and operational challenges and dilemmas continually arise that require humanitarian actors to choose a course of action with associated necessary evils. Humanitarian Challenges and Intervention shows how institutional concernscombined with the domestic context of armed conflictsoften yield policies that do not serve the immediate requirements of victims for relief, stabilization, and community reconstruction. Based on case studies of the postCold War experience in Central America, northern Iraq, Somalia, the former Yugoslavia, and Rwanda, the authors make recommendations for a more effective and efficient humanitarian system.


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It may be best known for being the first part of the country to be sighted by Captain Cook in 1769 and its claim to be the first city in the world to see the sunlight, but in green building and construction, the small rural town of Gisborne and surrounding areas in northeastern New Zealand is fast becoming known for being the quickest regional area to take advantage of a government program to provide insulation into homes.
New Zealand Minister for Energy and Resources Phil Heatley says more than 25 per cent of all homes within the Gisborne region, otherwise known as the East Cape, East Coast or Eastland region, have used subsidies to install ceiling or underfloor insulation under the government's Warm Up New Zealand: Heat Smart program.
All up, Heatley says 3,962 houses within the region have been insulated, including 2,894 low income homes and 808 families living in rental accommodation.
In addition to having the highest portion of homes being insulated under the subsidy, the Gisborne region also has a take-up rate among low income households of around 73 per cent, compared with a national average of around half for the rest of the country.
Heatley says the benefits of insulation spread beyond environmental considerations and improve overall health and well-being, with flow on benefits including reduced absenteeism at work and school, higher productivity and greater levels of comfort for householders.
He also says research has demonstrated that $NZ5 worth of overall benefits are achieved for every one dollar invested in the program, primarily as a result of reduced health costs.
"Insulation makes a house warmer and more comfortable," Heatley says. "It also makes it easier and cheaper to heat, and has a lot to do with preventing illness, particularly for the elderly, children, and people with respiratory problems."
Having started on July 1, 2009, the $347 million program has retrofitted more than 150,000 homes throughout the country with insulation at no cost to home occupants, and the government aims to increase this number to 230,000 by the time the program comes to the conclusion of its four-year period in June next year.
At these numbers, however, the program will only cover just over one quarter of the 900,000 homes throughout the country which New Zealand's Energy Efficiency and Conservation Authority estimates had substandard insulation at the time of the program's inception in 2009/10.
Because of this, policy makers on all sides readily acknowledge that much more will need to be done in this area beyond the conclusion of the current initiative.


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About the project
Comprehensive evidence demonstrates that a sizeable minority of young Australians are not doing well, not least with respect to educational achievement and mental health, factors that can impact on life chances. This three year project is part of a larger program of research that focuses on children's and young people's perceptions of their own wellbeing that has now been continuing for over a decade, and includes Making a difference: Children's perspectives on economic disadvantage, and the Australian Child Wellbeing Project. This latest project will aim to investigate disadvantage in childhood and adolescence by examining risk factors for social exclusion among young people (aged 8–17 years), the assets and resources they deploy to promote their inclusion, their experiences in the context of risks they face and assets they deploy, and outcomes in the space of education, mental health and wellbeing. The project will privilege young people's own perspectives on their lives and will draw on both empirical data from existing large-scale surveys and extensive in-depth qualitative research with young people.


norway nato defence exercise trident juncture
 - The Air Force is carefully plotting the rest of the B-1 bomber's career.
 - The B-1, which is already more than 30 years old, is scheduled to be replaced by the B-21 Raider bomber starting in the midto late-2020s.
 - The Air Force is testing a retired airframe to figure out how much longer it can safely fly the B-1.
 The U.S. Air Force believes its fleet of B-1 bombers can still reach their extended retirement date, but not without carefully managing the old planes.
 You love badass planes. So do we. Let's nerd out over them together.
 The B-1 bomber, which the Air Force first flew in the 1980s, is long overdue for a replacement. But that won't come until the B-21 Raider bomber—the coolest plane we've never actually seen—is ready sometime later this decade.
 In the meantime, the Air Force is reducing the number of B-1 bombers and conducting tests to determine how much longer the big jets can fly.
 Air Force magazine explains the service is taking several measures to ensure the B-1Bs stay airworthy, like reducing the number of bombers from 62 to 45 and shedding 17 airframes. Boeing produced the last B-1B bomber for the Air Force in 1988, and the fleet has recently suffered spare parts shortages. The retired planes will likely be cannibalized for spare parts to keep the remaining planes flying.
 The Air Force is also conducting structural fatigue tests on a retired B-1 bomber wing and airframe. The B-1B was originally designed to fly for 8,000 to 10,000 hours, but the average number of hours on the bomber fleet is 12,000 hours. The Air Force wants to simulate twice that number on the retired "carcass" to get an idea of how much longer the planes can safely fly.
 The B-1B fleet has suffered serious age-related readiness problems in recent years. In 2019, fewer than 10 of the 62 bombers were ready for combat. That same year, the Air Force also restricted the plane to flying at higher altitudes, in order to relieve the airframes of the stress of low-altitude flight. The Air Force is also considering adding hypersonic weapons to the variety of weapons carried by the B-1B.
 ✈ Our Favorite Hobby RC Planes
 The Air Force originally designed and deployed the B-1B as a low-altitude penetrating bomber, capable of evading Soviet air defenses and attacking targets with nuclear weapons. Since the B-1 fleet lost the nuclear mission in the 1990s, it's been used as a strike and close air support platform over Iraq and Afghanistan.
 The B-21 Raider, scheduled to fly this December, will replace both the B-1B and B-2 bombers.
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_PHONE_.01431
Chiao, J. Y., and Blizinsky, K. D. (2009). Culture–gene coevolution of individualism–collectivism and the serotonin transporter gene. Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 277, 529–537. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2009.1650
Fincher, C. L., Thornhill, R., Murray, D. R., and Schaller, M. (2008). Pathogen prevalence predicts human cross-cultural variability in individualism/collectivism. Proc. Biol. Sci. 275, 1279–1285. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2008.0094
Gelfand, M. J., Raver, J. L., Nishii, L., Leslie, L. M., Lun, J., Lim, B. C.,et al. (2011). Differences between tight and loose cultures: a 33-nation study. Science 332, 1100–1104. doi: 10.1126/science._PHONE_
Inglehart, R. F., Foa, R., Peterson, C., and Welzel, C. (2008). Development, Freedom, and Rising Happiness A Global Perspective (_PHONE_). Perspect. Psychol. Sci. 3, 264–285. doi: 10.1111/j._PHONE_.2008.00078.x
Kitayama, S., King, A., Yoon, C., Tompson, S., Huff, S., and Liberzon, I. (2014). The dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4) moderates cultural difference in independent versus interdependent social orientation. Psychol. Sci. 25, 1169–1177. doi: 10.1177/0956797614528338
Kwan, V. S. Y., Bond, M. H., and Singelis, T. M. (1997). Pancultural explanations for life satisfaction: adding relationship harmony to self-esteem. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 73, 1038–1051. doi: 10.1037/0022-35184.108.40.2068
Leary, M. R., and Baumeister, R. F. (2000). "The nature and function of self-esteem: sociometer theory," in Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, Vol. 32, ed. M. P. Zanna (San Diego, CA: Academic Press), 1–62.
Leary, M. R., Tambor, E. S., Terdal, S. K., and Downs, D. L. (1995). Self-esteem as an Interpersonal monitor: the sociometer hypothesis. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 68, 518–530. doi: 10.1037/0022-35220.127.116.118
Sato, K., Yuki, M., and Norasakkunkit, V. (in press). A socio-ecological approach to cross-cultural differences in the sensitivity to social rejection: the partially mediating role of relational mobility. J. Cross Cult. Psychol.
Schmitt, D. P., and Allik, J. (2005). Simultaneous administration of the Rosenberg self-esteem scale in 53 nations: exploring the universal and culture-specific features of global self-esteem. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 89, 623–642. doi: 10.1037/0022-3518.104.22.1683
Schug, J., Yuki, M., Horikawa, H., and Takemura, K. (2009). Similarity attraction and actually selecting similar others: how cross-societal differences in relational mobility affect interpersonal similarity in Japan and the United States. Asian J. Soc. Psychol. 12, 95–103. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-839X.2009.01277.x
Schug, J., Yuki, M., and Maddux, W. (2010). Relational mobility explains betweenand within-culture differences in self-disclosure toward close friends. Psychol. Sci. 21, 1471–1478. doi: 10.1177/0956797610382786
Shirakawa, M. (2011). "Globalization and population aging: challenges facing Japan," in Speech to the Board of Councillors of Nippon Keidanren (Japan Business Federation), Governor of the Bank of Japan, Tokyo.
Sznycer, D., Takemura, K., Delton, A. W., Sato, K., Robertson, T., Cosmides, L.,et al. (2012). Cross-cultural differences and similarities in proneness to shame: an adaptationist and ecological approach. Evol. Psychol. 10, 352.
Uchida, Y., Kitayama, S., Mesquita, B., Reyes, J. A. S., and Morling, B. (2008). Is perceived emotional support beneficial? Well-being and health in independent and interdependent cultures. Pers. Soc. Psychol. Bull. 34, 741–754. doi: 10.1177/0146167208315157
Uskul, A. K., Kitayama, S., and Nisbett, R. E. (2008). Ecocultural basis of cognition: Farmers and fishermen are more holistic than herders. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105, 8552–8556. doi: 10.1073/pnas._PHONE_
Yuki, M., and Schug, J. (2012). "Relational mobility: a socio-ecological approach to personal relationships," in Relationship Science: Integrating Evolutionary, Neuroscience, and Sociocultural Approaches, eds O. Gillath, G. E. Adams, and A. D. Kunkel (Washington, DC: American Psychological Association), 137–152.
Keywords: socio-ecology, relational mobility, happiness, self-esteem, culture
Citation: Sato K and Yuki M (2014) The association between self-esteem and happiness differs in relationally mobile vs. stable interpersonal contexts. Front. Psychol. 5:1113. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01113
Received: 01 July 2014; Paper pending published: 05 August 2014;
Accepted: 15 September 2014; Published online: 09 October 2014.
Edited by:Vinai Norasakkunkit, Gonzaga University, USA
Copyright © 2014 Sato and Yuki. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: Kosuke Sato, Office for Students with Disabilities, Center for Student Counseling, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya _PHONE_, Japan e-mail: _EMAIL_.


Soybean and sunflower oil-induced insulin resistan... - BV FAPESP
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Soybean and sunflower oil-induced insulin resistance correlates with impaired GLUT4 protein expression and translocation specifically in white adipose tissue
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Poletto, Ana Claudia [1] ; Anhe, Gabriel Forato [2] ; Eichler, Paula [1] ; Takahashi, Hilton Kenji [1] ; Furuya, Daniela Tomie [1] ; Okamoto, Maristela Mitiko [1] ; Curi, Rui [1] ; Machado, Ubiratan Fabres [1]
Total Authors: 8
[1] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biomed Sci, Dept Physiol & Biophys, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo - Brazil
[2] Univ Estadual Campinas, Dept Pharmacol, Fac Med Sci, Sao Paulo - Brazil
Total Affiliations: 2
Document type: Journal article
Source: Cell Biochemistry and Function; v. 28, n. 2, p. 114-121, MAR 2010.
Web of Science Citations: 7
Free fatty acids are known for playing a crucial role in the development of insulin resistance. High fat intake is known for impairing insulin sensitivity; however, the effect of vegetable-oil injections have never been investigated. The present study investigated the effects of daily subcutaneous injections (100 mu L) of soybean (SB) and sunflower (SF) oils, during 7 days. Both treated groups developed insulin resistance as assessed by insulin tolerance test. The mechanism underlying the SBand SF-induced insulin resistance was shown to involve GLUT4. In SBand SF-treated animals, the GLUT4 protein expression was reduced similar to 20% and 10 min after an acute it? vivo stimulus with insulin, the plasma membrane GLUT4 content was similar to 60% lower in white adipose tissue (WAT). No effects were observed in skeletal muscle. Additionally, both oil treatments increased mainly the content of palmitic acid (similar to 150%) in WAT, which can contribute to explain the GLUT4 regulations. Altogether, the present study collects evidence that those oil treatments might generate insulin resistance by targeting GLUT4 expression and translocation specifically in WAT. These alterations are likely to be caused due to the specific local increase in saturated fatty acids that occurred as a consequence of oil daily injections. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd. (AU)
FAPESP's process: 07/50554-1 - Glucose transporters and diabetes mellitus: contribution to the knowledge of glycemic control and chronic diseases development
Grantee:Ubiratan Fabres Machado
Support type: Research Projects - Thematic Grants


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Algonquin Indians hunted animals for food and ate many kinds of meat, including moose and deer. Other foods included fish and vegetables, such as corn, beans and squash. Algonquin people also gathered berries and made maple syrup.Continue Reading
Historically, the Algonquin Indians were mostly hunters and moved around often. They used light materials that were easy to transport. They made canoes out of birch bark and applied bear grease and spruce resin to make them waterproof. In the winter, they built toboggans to carry materials.
There are still some Algonquin communities. As of 2015, there are about 11,000 Algonquin people. They live mostly in the Canadian province of Quebec.Learn more about US History


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Cretaceous Turtle from Inversand
April 9, 2011
The following background information on Inversand is from an unpublished document from the New Jersey State Museum;
"The greensand "marl" mines of central New Jersey have been economically important for well over 150 years, but their significance to the geological and paleontological sciences over the same period cannot be underestimated. In terms of quality, quantity, and continuous productivity of vertebrate fossil remains of both known and new species these sediments have few, if any, equals. Fossils are common throughout most of the sediments exposed at the Inversand Mine. However, the greatest accumulation of vertebrate remains is concentrated in a thin (~20 cm) layer at the contact between the latest Cretaceous Navesink Formation and the overlying earliest Paleocene Hornerstown Formation. This bone bed is commonly referred to as the "Main Fossiliferous Layer", or the MFL, and is renowned for both the abundance and quality of preservation of the remains it contains"
The turtle was found in the MFL and was identified in the field as Agomphus tardus by Dave Parris, curator of the New Jersey State Museum. A. tardus is thought to be a land turtle and considered a rare find. After piecing the fragments back together I contacted Dave who was excited about the find. While this turtle is far from complete, almost all the pieces I found are missing from the museums existing specimen.
The "Badlands" of New Jersey.
The plastron or bottom of the turtle.
Two views of the same complete costal.
New Jersey fossil turtles seem to explode of their own accord.
The first piece that came out had a fresh break which was my clue to
With any donation comes the paperwork.


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We just published a Temkin Group report, Behavioral Guide to Customer Experience Design. Here's the executive summary:
According to recent scientific research, customers make most of their decisions using intuitive thinking instead of rational thinking. Intuitive thinking relies on unconscious heuristics and biases to make decisions efficiently, and as a result, people tend to be more affected by losses than by gains, to prefer simplicity over complexity, to be affected by their current emotional and visceral states, to be heavily influenced by those around them, to make decisions based on context, and to misjudge their past and future experiences. In this report, we identify best practices for tapping into these heuristics and biases across three areas of experience design; companies can Nudge customers in the right direction, Assist them in accomplishing their goals, and Enhance their overall experience. To incorporate intuitive thinking into experience design, companies need to follow four steps: define target customers, identify relevant heuristics and biases, select design strategies, and then test, test, test.
Here are tactics for applying these human biases in your experience design efforts that we describe in the report:
The bottom line: Embrace your customers' natural behaviors.


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Bio Energy, University of Saskatchewan, Cyclic adsorption / desorption rotary wheel configuration model
This student has studied the engineering aspects of SEGR in natural gas combined cycles and focuses on possible technologies suitable for SEGR. Therefore, she has developed a large scale rotating wheel model using solid adsorbents as CO2 transfer medium. A first conceptual design assessment with commercially available adsorbent showed, although promising, that a significant step change in adsorbent technology is necessary to design realizable rotary adsorption wheel systems for SEGR.
In this context, she will investigate the performance of novel activated carbon materials, obtained via fast pyrolysis of white wood followed by activation process, under a range of operating conditions possible in NGCC plants with SEGR, provided by the carbon capture group of the University of Edinburgh. She will also have the possibility to observe how these adsorbents are generated, so that she gains a better understanding how adsorbent properties change through pyrolysis and activation conditions.
This will allow her to obtain important experimental data to verify and validate her cyclic adsorption / desorption rotary wheel configuration model for her PhD work and promote future collaboration between the Universities of Saskatchewan and Edinburgh.
Mr. Roberto Emanuele Rizzo, Oil and Gas / Heat Energy, Volcanic Basin Petroleum Research (VBPR), Oslo - Quantifying the effect of fracture networks on the transport properties of volcanic rocks
Fracture networks are known to play a fundamental role in controlling the mechanical (e.g., strength) and transport (e.g., fluids, heat) properties of rocks. Quantitative characterisation of fracture patterns is a necessary step before attempting to build useful and accurate mechanical and flow models. Quantitative analysis of fracture patterns is needed to obtain the statistical distribution of attributes (e.g. length, intensity and density) through scaling laws, particularly when we aim to reproduce fracture network in up-scaled predictive models. In this context, the recent release of FracPaQ, an open-source MATLABTM toolbox, widens the possibility for objectively and consistently quantifying fracture patterns and their variations.
Specifically, in this exchange project our focus is on fracture networks in volcanic rocks. Although volcanic rocks are well-known as potential reservoirs for water, geothermal sources and hydrocarbons, considerable uncertainties exist regarding the impact of fracture networks on their mechanical and transport (i.e. permeability) properties. Moreover, heterogeneous sequences are a common feature of volcanic systems, resulting in a highly variable distribution of fracture attributes across volcanic facies.
Our project, through a combination of outcrop images and borehole televiewer images, aims to quantify natural fracture networks in volcanic systems, by applying FracPaQ, which includes estimates for individual fracture attributes (e.g., lengths, orientations) and their patterns (e.g., connectivity, permeability). This quantitative information will provide effective parameters required for regional-scale flow models and to determine the uncertainties associated with up-scaled fracture networks. This will benefit agencies involved in managing fluids in oil and gas, geothermal energy and water.


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If you have a group of rocks as a landscape feature in your yard, you can show it off with appropriate plantings. Here are some ideas for what to plant, plus tips for planting near the rocks:
Choose plantings that show off the group of rocks. Plant low-growing plants like alyssum, bleeding hearts (Dicentra), catmints (Nepeta), stonecrop (Sedum) and hens and chicks (Sempervivum), Corsican mint, lungworts (Pulmonaria) and other pretty little plants that will splash the group with bits of color but stay low enough that the rocks will remain visible. If you plant shrubs behind the group of rocks, use dark green evergreens like false cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa 'Nana Gracilis') and interesting deciduous shrubs like Harry Lauder's walking stick (Corylus avellana 'Contorta') with its twisty branches. Redtwig dogwood's (Cornus stolonifera) red branches will look good in winter when snow adorns the rocks, if you live in a snowy area.
When siting rocks on a slope, make planting pockets. If you have a slope or berm, you can make very attractive arrangements of rocks that provide spaces for alpines or other small or cascading plants. Let's say you've installed two large rocks about two feet apart at the base of a slope. If you then fill the space between them with a smaller rock that's slightly lower, you can fill the space behind the smaller rock with good garden soil and set in an alpine or other small plant. You can stagger rocks this way up the slope, making small, level planting areas behind them as you go. The effect, when planted with alpines, is beautiful. Avoid the thought of topping the slope or berm with a dominant rock. It's much better to choose a plant with a horizontal habit. For a large slope or berm, Viburnum plicatum tomentosum 'Mariesii' comes to mind.
Read more tips


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Inferior pincer grasp – We have learned about the pincer grasp stage, where the infant is able to feed himself, learn to write, read, draw and complete many activities, as he is capable and has learned the art with the developing stages of palmar and raking grasp. The stage within the pincer grasp, where the child is learning the complete ability of learning, writing, drawing etc is called the inferior pincer grasp.
In the initial stages, the infant starts learning the art of grasping things. In the age of 0-6 months, the child learns to grasp things when placed at the palm. During the course of this stage, the child's fingers become loose and they try to grasp things on their own. When he reaches the age of 5 months, he will try to scratch the table and try to hold his favorite toys.
In the second stage between the 6 to 9 months, the tooth developing starts and the child now opens the fingers and tries to grasp the objects. In this stage, the child starts developing the inferior pincer grasp, when he makes an attempt to hold small objects.
In the tenth month, the child develops the inferior pincer grasp. He will try to hold small objects and put them in his mouth. In the inferior pincer grasp stage, the child also develops the skill of pointing out his index finger and may even poke with it to indicate something. This is because the child is developing the motor skills.
Between the ages of 9 to 10 months, the baby is under the inferior pincer grasp stage, as he is learning to hold the smaller objects. He may even keep dropping it at times. As he develops his skills in the inferior pincer grasp stage, he will become more perfect and refined in the pincer grasp stage by the tenth month.
In the inferior pincer grasp stage, the child will be learning and exploring the environment and the surroundings. He will understand the surrounding with the help of taste. He will try to pick all the objects and put it in his mouth to taste and hence, it becomes the responsibility of the parents to make sure the house is clean and keep a check on the baby every time so that he doesn't put anything harmful in his mouth.
As the baby grows and is of a year old, he has developed all the skills and has mastered the art of grasping. He learns how to coordinate with the objects and how to pick them up. He will be taking help of his forefinger and thumb to pick the objects which is called as inferior pincer grasp. He will slowly learn how to hold the spoon and fork and will also try to feed himself using the spoon or the fork.
It is also important for the parents to understand that they give the baby complete freedom of practicing the grasping skill, rather than feeding them. This will encourage the child to feed himself and also hold another object in his hand. This will help the infant increase their coordination ability.
Infants have an innate ability to reflexively close their hands when touched in the palm. By the time the baby reaches three months of age, his hands appear loose and he attempts to reach for a toy.
At five months, the baby attempts to scratch on the table and can hold a cracker or his favorite rattle. As the teething stage starts, the baby would have developed the inferior scissor grasp and rakes small objects or cheerios with the index finger.
He will be able to hold his feeding bottle. By the time the baby reaches ten months, he would be developing the inferior pincer grasp. He will be able to grasp small objects and also tries to shove them into his mouth. He may also poke and point with the index finger, as he is developing fine motor skills.
At this stage, the baby would have developed the inferior pincer grasp, but is prone to dropping objects. But gradually, the inferior pincer grasp would be polished into a perfect pincer grasp by the time the baby reaches ten months of age.
This is a stage when the baby is exploring the surroundings by tasting various objects, that he learns to put into his mouth, with the inferior pincer grasp. Therefore, it is important to childproof the home and make sure that you keep an eye on the baby at all times.
What is Pincer grasp?
The Pincer grasp is an important developmental milestone, as it is the first step towards learning to grasp things. With this skill, the baby gradually learns to do important things like feeding, writing, drawing and self care.
A newborn baby has the innate ability to grasp objects, and this explains why your baby wraps his tiny hand around your finger. A pincer grasp helps the baby to pick up and hold tiny objects within his fingers. Grasping ability starts developing right from the time of birth, and the baby learns to enhance the skills with each passing phase.
By the time the baby is one year old, he would have mastered a neat pincer grasp. He is developing coordination skills, as he picks objects with his thumb and forefinger known as the inferior pincer grasp. Gradually, he learns to hold the fork or spoon and feed himself. Although, sometimes the food may not reach his mouth but instead reaches for the floor.
But, as a parent it is important to avoid taking the spoon and feeding the baby yourself. Instead it is important to let the baby learn through practice. Thus, with increased coordination, the baby will also learn to hold the utensil with one hand while feeding himself with the other.


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Because of the rapid elevation changes, the region is home to many species with specialized habitat requirements. This includes the world's smallest deer, the endangered pudu
, South America's largest woodpecker, the Magellanic woodpecker
, and 2 pine-seed eating parrots. A fascinating bird, the male Juan Fernández firecrown
, an endemic species of hummingbird is found here. It has earned its name from the colors on its crown, which shift from emerald to scarlet, depending on the light.
Valdivian temperate forests are very dense, with epiphyte-laden trees reaching up to 46 meters (150 ft) in height. The most abundant trees are Antarctic beech
, but many other trees are also present, including the threatened guaitecas cypress, as well as the monkey puzzle tree
. These forests are also home to the extraordinarily tall Alerce
trees that can reach heights of over 114 meters (375 ft) and live for more than 3,000 years!


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Updated July 6,
here to go to our main page on ferrite devices
here to go to our page on switchable circulators
Search for circulators
and isolators on EverythingRF.com
Content on isolators has been
moved to a separate page
Why are circulators and isolators
relatively expensive in the world of cheap microelectronics? Because
for the most part they are hand assembled, tuned and tested. Tolerances
on material properties of the ferrite and magnet as well as mechanical
tolerances mean that invariably someone must make at least minimum
wage tweaking the product. Tuning methods are different at different
manufacturers. One method is to design the part so that the ports
are all greater than 50 ohms, then tweak the impedance down by squeezing
RTV over the traces to increase their capacitance while watching
the result in real time on a network analyzer.
A circulator is a ferrite device
(ferrite is a class of materials with strange magnetic properties)
with usually three ports. The beautiful thing about circulators
is that they are non-reciprocal.
That is, energy into port 1 predominantly exits port 2, energy into
port 2 exits port 3, and energy into port 3 exits port 1. In a reciprocal
device the same fraction of energy that flows from port 1 to port
2 would occur to energy flowing the opposite direction, from port
2 to port 1.
CCW and CW circulators
The selection of ports is arbitrary,
and circulators can be made to "circulate" either clockwise
(CW) or counterclockwise (CCW). The above symbols are available
in a free download called Electronic_Symbols.doc, you can find it
in our download area.
In addition to the ferrite substrate,
a magnet is required to make a circulator.
Circulators come in waveguide,
coax, and "drop-in" microstrip varieties. Microstrip circulators
are often used in T/R
modules to duplex the antenna to the power amp and LNA. Waveguide
always provides the best loss and power handling. Here's a WR-42
(Ku-band) waveguide circulator we found on Ebay:
is sometimes called a "duplexer", meaning that
is duplexes two signals into one channel (e.g. transmit and receive
into an antenna). This is not to be confused with the term "diplexer"
which is refers to a filter arrangement where two frequency bands
are separated into two channels from a single three-terminal device.
A lot of people mix up these terms. You can remember the correct
definitions because "filter" and "diplexer"
both have an "i" in them, and "circulator" and
"duplexer" both have a "u".
What are circulators good for?
The make a great antenna interface for a transmit/receive system.
Energy can be made to flow from the transmitter (port 1) to the
antenna (port 2) during transmit, and from the antenna (port 2)
to the receiver (port 3) during receive. Circulators have low electrical
losses and can be made to handle huge powers, well into kilowatts.
They usually operate over no more than an octave bandwidth, and
are purely an RF component (they don't work at DC).
rule of thumb!
A circulator's isolation is roughly equal to its return loss, and
should always be specified to the same requirement. A circulator
with 20 dB isolation will need to have a return loss of 20 dB. Think
about it, if you terminate the third arm in a perfect 50 ohms, the
clockwise isolation you will measure in a CCW circulator won't be
better than the stray signal that is bouncing off the loaded port
due to the reflected signal due to its mismatch to 50 ohms.
Circulators and isolators can
be made from 100's of MHz to through W-band (110 GHz). They can
be packaged as planar microstrip components, coaxial components
or as waveguide components. Waveguide circulators and isolators
have by far the best electrical characteristics. You can specify
insertion loss down to less than 0.2 dB in some cases! Microstrip
and coax circulators and isolators might have losses between 0.5
and 1.0 dB. Note that the more bandwidth you ask for, the crummier
the insertion loss and isolation will be.
A really cool type of circulator
is a switchable circulator,
in which an electrical signal is used to switch the orientation
of the circulator from CW to CCW and vice versa. The way the circulator
is constructed it latches into a particular orientation and will
stay there in the absence of the electrical signal, say, for instance
your power supply goes off. The means for switching the orientation
is a single high-current DC pulse that is provided by the driver
circuit. This in an expensive technology, but it makes an unbelievably
low-loss RF switch with high power handling.
Got any good material on circulators
and isolators? drop us a line, we want to expand this page into
a more useful tutorial!


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Although hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is generally accomplished using a single donor, multiple donors have been used to enhance the speed of engraftment, particularly in the case of umbilical cord blood grafts. Here we posed the question in the canine HCT model whether stable dual-donor chimerism could be established using 2 DLA-identical donors. We identified 8 DLA-identical littermate triplets in which the marrow recipients received 2Gy total body irradiation followed by marrow infusions from 2 donors and postgrafting immunosuppression. All 8 dogs showed initial "trichimerism," which was sustained in 5 dogs, while 2 dogs rejected one of the allografts and remained mixed chimeras, and 1 dog rejected both allografts. Immune function in one trichimeric dog, as tested by mixed leukocyte culture response and antibody response to sheep red blood cells, was found to be normal. Five dogs received kidney grafts from one of their respective marrow donors at least 6 months after HCT without immunosuppressive drugs, and grafts in 4 dogs are surviving without rejection. In summary, following nonmyeloablative conditioning, simultaneous administration of marrow grafts from 2 DLA-identical littermates could result in sustained trichimerism, and immunologic tolerance could include a kidney graft from one of the marrow donors.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Cell Biology


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Methyl mercaptanMethyl mercaptan is a colorless gas with a smell like rotten cabbage. It is a natural substance found in the blood, brain, and other tissues of people and animals. It is released from animal feces. It occurs naturally in certain foods, such as some nutss and cheese. The chemical formula for methyl mercapatan is CH3SH.
Methyl mercaptan is released from decaying organic matter in marshes and is present in the natural gas of certain regions in the United States, in coal tar, and in some crude oils. It is manufactured for use in the plastics industry, in pesticides, and as a jet fuel additive. It is also released as a decay product of wood in pulp mills.


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(_PHONE_). In 1680, Louis XIV ended the troubles by merging all the companies into the Comédie-Française, which is still a state-funded company.
Ivan Sache, 22 December 2002
The flag of Burgundy is a banner of the arms Ecartelé : au premier et au quatrième d'azur semé de fleurs de lys d'or à la bordure componée d'argent et de gueules, au deuxième et au troisième bandé d'or et d'azur de six pièces à la bordure de gueules (Quarterly first and fourth azure seme de lys or within a border gobonny argent and gules (Burgundy Modern) second and third bendy of six or and azure within a bordure gules (Burgundy Ancient).
The first and four quarters of the banner are the arms of the
second house of Burgundy (_PHONE_), indeed the arms of Touraine. The second and third quarters
are the arms of the first house of Burgundy (_PHONE_).
In his Notice historique sur les blasons des anciennes provinces de France (Historical note on the coats of arms of the ancient French provinces, 1941), Jacques Meurgey represents the arms of Touraine on the first and fourth quarters with a semy of fleurs-de-lis (semé de France).
The banner of arms of Burgundy is widely used locally. It can be seen in several places in Dijon, including the Regional Council, and in other town. It is also flown on most service areas of the highways that cross Burgundy.
Ivan Sache, 14 June 2009


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Eating same food every day may lead to ill-health
London: Eating the same range of foods every day may take a toll on your health, an expert has said.
A survey has revealed that most people stick to toast and cereals for breakfast every day with sandwiches for lunch.
And they rely on a handful of favourites such as pasta, chips or pizza in the evenings.
Sixty-eight per cent of people questioned in the survey for PAGB, the trade association for over-thecounter medicines and food supplements, said they routinely buy the same things from the supermarket every week.
"Eating the same type of food every day is not only boring but could lead to deficiencies in certain nutrients," a newspaper quoted Dietician Helen Bond as saying.
"It can also compromise the immune and digestive systems and, ultimately, long-term health," he warned.
First Published: Saturday, May 05, 2012, 15:53
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Improving Optimization Performance Using Parallel Computing
This example shows how to improve optimization performance using the Parallel Computing Toolbox™. The example discusses the speedup seen when using parallel computing to optimize a complex Simulink® model. The example also shows the effect of the number of parameters and the model simulation time when using parallel computing.
Requires Parallel Computing Toolbox™
- An Example Illustrating Optimization Speedup
- When Will an Optimization Benefit from Parallel Computing?
- Number of Parameters and Their Effect on Parallel Computing
- Gradient Descent Method and Parallel Computing
- Pattern Search Method and Parallel Computing
- Overhead of Distributing an Optimization
- Uncertain Parameters and Their Effect on Parallel Optimization
An Example Illustrating Optimization Speedup
The main computational load when using Simulink Design Optimization is the simulation of a model. The optimization methods typically require numerous simulations per optimization iteration. As many of the simulations are independent, it is beneficial to use parallel computing to distribute these independent simulations across different processors.
Consider the Simulink model of a HL20 aircraft, which ships with the Aerospace Blockset™. The HL20 model is a complex model and includes mechanical, electrical, avionics, and environmental components. A typical simulation of the HL20 model takes around 60 seconds.
During landing, the aircraft is subjected to two wind gusts from different directions which cause the aircraft to deviate from the nominal trajectory on the runway. Simulink Design Optimization is used to tune the 3 parameters of the controller so that the lateral deviation of the aircraft from a nominal trajectory in the presence of wind gusts is kept within five meters.
The optimization is performed both with and without using parallel computing on dual-core 64bit AMD®, 2.4GHz, 3.4GB Linux® and quad-core 64bit AMD, 2.5GHz, 7.4GB Linux machines. The speed up observed for this problem is shown below.
The HL20 example illustrates the potential speedup when using parallel computing. The next sections discuss the speedup expected for other optimization problems.
When Will an Optimization Benefit from Parallel Computing?
The previous section shows that distributing the simulations during an optimization can reduce the total optimization time. This section quantifies the expected speedup.
In general, the following factors could indicate that parallel computing would result in faster optimization:
- There are a large number of parameters being optimized
- A pattern search method is being used
- A complex Simulink model that takes a long time to simulate
- There are a number of uncertain parameters in the model
Each of these is examined in the following sections.
Number of Parameters and Their Effect on Parallel Computing
The number of simulations performed by an optimization method is closely coupled with the number of parameters.
Gradient Descent Method and Parallel Computing
Consider the simulations required by a gradient-based optimization method at each iteration:
- A simulation for the current solution point
- Simulations to compute the gradient of the objective with respect to the optimized parameters
- Once a gradient is computed, simulations to evaluate the objective along the direction of the gradient (the so called line search evaluations)
Of these simulations, the simulations required to compute gradients are independent and are distributed. Let us look at this more closely:
Np = 1:16; %Number of parameters (16 = 4 filtered PID controllers) Nls = 1; %Number of line search simulations, assume 1 for now Nss = 1; %Total number of serial simulations, start with nominal only
The gradients are computed using central differences. There are 2 simulations per parameter, and include the line search simulations to give the total number of simulations per iteration:
Nss = 1+Np*2+Nls;
As mentioned above the computation of gradients with respect to each parameter can be distributed or run in parallel. This reduces the total number of simulations that run in series when using parallel computing as follows:
Nw = 4; %Number of parallel processors Nps = 1 + ceil(Np/Nw)*2+Nls;
The ratio Nss/Nps gives us the speedup which we plot below
Nls = 0:5; %Vary the number of line search simulations figure; hAx = gca; xlim([min(Np) max(Np)]); for ct = 1:numel(Nls) Rf = (1+Nls(ct)+Np*2)./(1+Nls(ct)+ceil(Np/Nw)*2); hLine = line('parent',hAx,'xdata',Np,'ydata',Rf); if ct == 1 hLine.LineStyle = '-'; hLine.Color = [0 0 1]; hLine.LineWidth = 1; else hLine.LineStyle = '-.'; hLine.Color = [0.6 0.6 1]; hLine.LineWidth = 1; end end grid on title('Gradient descent based relative speedup') xlabel('Number of parameters') ylabel('Serial time/parallel time') annotation('arrow',[0.55.55],[5/6 2/6]) text(8.5,1.75,'Increasing number of line searches')
The plot shows that the relative speedup gets better as more parameters are added. The upper solid line is the best possible speedup with no line search simulations while the lighter dotted curves increase the number of line search simulations.
The plot also shows local maxima at 4,8,12,16 parameters which corresponds to cases where the parameter gradient calculations can be distributed evenly between the parallel processors. Recall that for the HL20 aircraft problem, which has 3 parameters, the quad core processor speedup observed was 2.14 which matches well with this plot.
Pattern Search Method and Parallel Computing
Pattern search optimization method is inherently suited to a parallel implementation. This is because at each iteration one or two sets of candidate solutions are available. The algorithm evaluates all these candidate solutions and then generates a new candidate solution for the next iteration. Evaluating the candidate solutions can be done in parallel as they are independent. Let us look at this more closely:
Pattern search uses two candidate solution sets, the search set and the poll set. The number of elements in these sets is proportional to the number of optimized parameters
Nsearch = 15*Np; %Default number of elements in the solution set Npoll = 2*Np; %Number of elements in the poll set with a 2N poll method
The total number of simulations per iteration is the sum of the number of candidate solutions in the search and poll sets. When distributing the candidate solution sets the simulations are distributed evenly between the parallel processors. The number of simulations that run in series after distribution thus reduces to:
Nps = ceil(Nsearch/Nw)+ceil(Npoll/Nw);
When evaluating the candidate solutions without using parallel computing, the iteration is terminated as soon as a candidate solution that is better than the current solution is found. Without additional information, the best bet is that about half the candidate solutions will be evaluated. The number of serial simulations is thus:
Nss = 0.5*(Nsearch+Npoll);
Also note that the search set is only used in the first couple of optimization iterations, after which only the poll set is used. In both cases the ratio Nss/Nps gives us the speedup which we plot below.
figure; hAx = gca; xlim([min(Np) max(Np)]); Rp1 = (Nss)./( Nps ); Rp2 = (Npoll)./( ceil(Npoll/Nw) ); line('parent',hAx,'xdata',Np,'ydata',Rp1,'color',[0 0 1]); line('parent',hAx,'xdata',Np,'ydata',Rp2,'color',[0.6 0.6 1]); grid on title('Pattern search based relative speedup') xlabel('Number of parameters') ylabel('Serial time/ parallel time') legend('Search and poll sets','Poll set only')
The dark curve is the speedup when the solution and poll sets are evaluated and the lighter lower curve the speedup when only the poll set is evaluated. The expected speedup over an optimization should lie between the two curves. Notice that even with only one parameter, a pattern search method benefits from distribution. Also recall that for the HL20 aircraft problem, which has 3 parameters, the quad core speedup observed was 2.81 which matches well with this plot.
Overhead of Distributing an Optimization
In the previous sections, the overhead associated with performing the optimization in parallel was ignored. Including this overhead gives an indication of the complexity of a simulation that will benefit from distributed optimization.
The overhead associated with running an optimization in parallel primarily results from two sources:
- opening the parallel pool
- loading the Simulink model and performing an update diagram on the model
There is also some overhead associated with transferring data to and from the remote processors. Simulink Design Optimization relies on shared paths to provide remote processors access to models and the returned data is limited to objective and constraint violation values. Therefore, this overhead is typically much smaller than opening the MATLAB® pool and loading the model. This was true for the HL20 aircraft optimization but may not be true in all cases. However, the analysis shown below can be extended to cover additional overhead.
findOverhead = false; % Set true to compute overhead for your system. if findOverhead % Compute overhead. wState = warning('off','MATLAB:dispatcher:pathWarning'); t0 = clock; parpool %Open the parallel pool load_system('airframe_demo') %Open a model set_param('airframe_demo','SimulationCommand','update') %Run an update diagram for the model Toverhead = etime(clock


Human Teleportation To Become A Reality
The Russian federal government has just announced plans to invest 2.1 trillion dollars into a a two-year 'National Technology Initiative' and now scientists are preparing to introduce teleportation into our reality.
In 2014, a Dutch group proved they could transfer the properties of one atom to another, teleporting' the information over a distance of three meters, whilst other groups have used particles of light to transfer information over distances of over 62 miles, now Russian scientists hope to have developed the technology to transport humans by 2035.
Alexander Galitsky, a prominent investor in the country's technology sector said "It sounds fantastical today, but there have been successful experiments at Stanford at the molecular level. Much of the tech we have today was drawn from science fiction films 20 years ago."
The National Technology Initiative will also focus on such technological advances in a Russian computer programming language, secure cybernetic communications, quantum computing, and neural interfaces (direct connections between computers and human brains)
While teleportation remains a remote prospect, experts believe significant progress in quantum computing and neural interfaces is likely in the next few decades.
Reports suggest that Russia has a talented programming community and a small but vibrant software sector that has produced several successful IT companies, including Yandex and Kaspersky Labs and Western governments also believe Russia has leveraged its computing talent to put together one of the most fearsome state-sponsored hacking and cyber-warfare programs on the planet.
Source: DailyMail.Co.UK Telegraph.Co.UK
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for each of the above register types. Valid ranges allowed in the current specification are 0 to 65,535. The address range originally supported by Babel Buster gateways was 0 to 9999. The extended range addressing was later added to all new Babel Buster products that use this notation.
The address range applies to each type of register, and one needs to look at the function code in the Modbus message packet to determine what register type is being referenced. The Modicon convention uses the first digit of a register reference to identify the register type.
Register types and reference ranges recognized by Babel Buster (LonWorks) gateways are as follows:
0x = Coil = 00001-09999
1x = Discrete Input = 10001-19999
3x = Input Register = 30001-39999
4x = Holding Register = 40001-49999
Translating references to addresses, reference 40001 selects the holding register at address 0000 (also referred to as register number 1). The reference 40001 will appear in documentation and is used to define the Modbus register in the location property of the functional block in a LonWorks gateway. The address 0000 will be transmitted in the message packet. Addresses are often not directly used by the application or the user.
On occasion, it is necessary to access more than 10,000 of a register type. Based on the original convention, there is another defacto standard that looks very similar. Additional register types and reference ranges recognized by Babel Buster (LonWorks) gateways are as follows:
0x = Coil = 000001-065535
1x = Discrete Input = 100001-165535
3x = Input Register = 300001-365535
4x = Holding Register = 400001-465535
When using the extended register referencing, it is mandatory that all register references be exactly six digits. This is the only way Babel Buster will know the difference between holding register 40001 and coil 40001. If coil 40001 is the target, it must appear as 040001.
If registers are 16-bits, how do I read Floating Point or 32-bit data?
Modbus protocol defines a holding register as 16 bits wide; however, there is a widely used defacto standard for reading and writing data wider than 16 bits. The most common are IEEE 754 floating point, and 32-bit integer. The convention may also be extended to double precision floating point and 64-bit integer data.
The wide data simply consists of two consecutive "registers" treated as a single wide register. Floating point in 32-bit IEEE 754 standard, and 32-bit integer data, are widely used. Although the convention of register pairs is widely recognized, agreement on whether the high order or low order register should come first is not standardized. For this reason, many devices, including all Control Solutions gateways, support a "swapped" option. This means you simply check the "swapped" option if the other device treats wide data in the opposite order relative to Control Solutions default order.
Control Solutions Modbus products all default to placing the high order register first, or in the lower numbered register. This is known as "big endian", and is consistent with Modbus protocol which is by definition big endian.
What does notation like 40001:7 mean?
This is a commonly used notation for referencing individual bits in a register. This particular example references register 40001, bit 7. Bits are generally numbered starting at bit 0, which is the least significant or right most bit in the field of 16 bits found in a Modbus register.
How to I read individual bits in a register?
The bit mask shown in the expanded form of the RTU read map is a 4 digit hexadecimal (16 bit) value used to mask out one or more bits in a register. The selected bits will be right justified, so a single bit regardless of where positioned in the source register will be stored locally as 0 or 1. The notation of register number followed by a colon and number from 0 to 15 indicates a single bit picked from that register. The hex bit mask values would be as follows, assuming a register number of 40001.
40001:0 mask: 0001
40001:1 mask: 0002
40001:2 mask: 0004
40001:3 mask: 0008
40001:4 mask: 0010
40001:5 mask: 0020
40001:6 mask: 0040
40001:7 mask: 0080
40001:8 mask: 0100
40001:9 mask: 0200
40001:10 mask: 0400
40001:11 mask: 0800
40001:12 mask: 1000
40001:13 mask: 2000
40001:14 mask: 4000
40001:15 mask: 8000
Sometimes a 16-bit register is used to hold two 8-bit values. To strip bytes using the bit mask, you would enter the following:
Low byte mask: 00FF
High byte mask: FF00
What is the difference between Modbus RTU, TCP, and ASCII?
Modbus protocol defines a Protocol Data Unit (PDU) that is independent of the underlying communication layers. Modbus RTU is the most commonly used, and is a binary representation of the PDU with addressing before the PDU, a CRC appended to the end. Modbus ASCII is a representation of the same PDU using all printable characters (and generally twice as many bytes). Modbus TCP is essentially the exact same PDU as Modbus RTU, except the CRC is left off of the application layer byte string and left up to the TCP layer to deal with automatically. There are also some additional addressing bytes in the TCP encapsulation of the RTU packet.
The function codes, register numbering and addressing are identical regardless of protocol variant. Register types are the same, i.e, the same data blocks are defined for the Modbus device.
Can I put 2 gateways on the same Modbus network?
You can not have more than one Master on a Modbus RTU (RS-485) network. Therefore, if the gateway is to be configured as the Master, you can only have 1 gateway. You cannot use multiple gateways to read more points from the same Modbus slave device.
Multiple gateways configured as slaves can reside on the same Modbus RS-485 network.
If you are using RS-232 devices, you can have only two devices total, regardless of how they are configured. RS-232 is not multi-drop.
How many devices can I have on a Modbus network?
Logically you can address over 250 devices; however, the RS-485 transceivers are not capable of physically driving that many devices. Modbus protocol states that the limit is 32 devices, and most RS-485 transceivers will agree with this. Only if all devices on the network have low load transceivers can you have more than 32 devices.
Where can I get a copy of the Modbus protocol specification?


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Exploring How We Make Decisions
The Caltech Conte Center for Neuroscience explores how we make decisions in a social setting, an ability that is as ubiquitous in everyday life as it is devastating when dysfunctional in diseases such as autism, schizophrenia or addiction. This center examines four main aspects of social decision making: how basic social rewards are processed in the brain, how these rewards are learned and processed through observation rather than receiving a direct reward, how people process and understand how other individuals feel about rewards, and how the brain regions involved in these experiments are connected on a network level.
How do we process rewards, and how do we learn about rewards in a social setting? Is this done in the same way that we think about how other people think about rewards? This Conte Center for Neuroscience at Caltech addresses these questions using innovative fMRI technology, in order to understand on a very basic level how humans think, learn, and make decisions about rewards.This Conte Center consists of four Projects and three supporting Cores:


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The sciences division was the corps of officers within Starfleet who specialized in both scientific and medical research and control functions on starbases, aboard starships, and at Starfleet Command. Members of the sciences division specialized in sensors, research, theoretical and physical laboratory work, biological studies, and also as technicians, medics, and surgeons.
Officers who belonged to the sciences division sometimes wore the division color of a department other than that in which they specialized. For example, if a science officer became a department head, he might have worn the colors of command division, or if he had a dual specialty in an operations division department, an alternate color might have been worn.
Beginning with the Earth Starfleet of the 2140s and 2150s, line officers and noncoms of science division wore blue division stripes on their uniforms. This use of blue continued through several uniform styles until 2260s. On starships, such as the USS Enterprise, science division crewmembers had a specialty insignia in their insignia patch, a circle with two longitudinal lines dividing it.
By the 2270s, new uniforms showed different division colors, with the sciences division signified by two differing colors. Science research and technical staff wore orange behind their Starfleet badge, on uniform bands, accessories, and epaulets. Medical crew wore green badge backings and accessories.
The sciences division was changed again with the 2280s uniforms, with green continuing to represent medical personnel, but science and technical staff now wore gray colors (which was a style shared by services personnel of operations division). The insignia used gave the officer the option of wearing command division white uniform insignia, with another department color like sciences' banded across, or the opposite, with department color insignia (green or grey, in this case) with command white banded across.
On the uniforms used from 2350s onward, blue had again become the sciences division color.
The second variant of the 2371 uniform, while still referred to as blue, was actually a shade of green, jungle green. The color was later be applied to the 2373 uniforms as well.
|Starfleet uniform sciences division colors:|
|22nd century||2230s||AR 2250s||2250s-2260s|| Mid 2260s-|
|Mid 2270s||Late 2270s-2350s||2350s-2370s|| Late 2360s-|
R&D and Technical
R&D and Technical
- During the original Star Trek, sciences blue first appeared in "The Cage" and was regularly worn by the science station officers, medical personnel, and security personnel who later wore red after 2265. (TOS: "The Cage", "Where No Man Has Gone Before") Science Officer Spock wore sciences blue, although he briefly wore command gold for his dual position as executive officer. (TOS: "Where No Man Has Gone Before") Some scientists (like astrobiologist Ann Mulhall and historian Marla McGivers) even wore operations red, suggesting they had more operational primary duties. The work coveralls were muted variations in the pilots from the duty uniforms and were light blue in color. Later they matched the blue of the standard duty uniform.
- Apparently officers with degrees of scientific or technical training held positions in other departments than just science and medical. Extra characters in blue uniforms were often seen occupying posts normally occupied by command or operations division personnel, up to and including captaincy. One notable example is Hoshi Sato who performed the role of an operations communications officer, while wearing the department color of a exolinguist.
- In the movie era, Star Trek: The Motion Picture featured Spock wearing orange bands and McCoy wearing green. By the Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan uniforms, McCoy continued to wear green, but science officers wore grey, according to schemes and insignia of the later movie-era uniforms by Robert Fletcher.
- The decision to switch the meaning of the colors for command and ops divisions between the TOS and TNG uniform styles was made in pre-production of "Encounter at Farpoint". However, the TOS blue was kept as the sciences division color.
- Most often, in the Federation Starfleet, all captains and admirals wore command division colors; however there were exceptions, which proves that this was not a requirement. In TOS, Captain Krasnovsky wore a science blue dress uniform, the only captain in Trek to ever do so.


British immigrants face a hostile reception after Maori call for curb
Maori warriors: Maori leaders believe there is a campaign to prevent the 'browning' of the country
Britons considering making a fresh start in New Zealand might find a less than warm welcome awaiting them after Maori politicians demanded curbs on immigration to the islands.
Lured by the attractive climate, majestic scenery, a high standard of living and the use of English, thousands leave the United Kingdom each year to make new lives on the other side of the globe.
But yesterday Maori nationalists called on the government in Wellington to limit the number of migrants from Britain.
They accused the government of running a secret campaign to prevent the "browning of New Zealand" by encouraging large numbers of white immigrants so that they outnumber those of Pacific and Asian origin who would align themselves with the Maori minority.
The proportion of Maori in the population, currently 13 per cent, is expected to grow rapidly over the next few decades because their birthrate is more than twice that of white New Zealanders.
The number of non-Maori New Zealanders would be falling without the net gain from immigration, mainly because tens of thousands leave for Australia every year.
Tariana Turia, the founder and co-leader of the Maori Party which holds four seats in parliament, said: "What we are talking about is the number of people coming into this country and what that means for Maori political representation. The prediction is that we are going to see a considerable browning of New Zealand with Maori, Pacific islanders and Asians, and maybe this is the way the government combats it.
"We aren't playing the race card because we are not talking about Asian immigration."
The demand by the Maori Party is significant because it could hold the balance of power in the proportionally elected parliament after the general election due next year.
The number of Britons moving to New Zealand has soared since the Lord of the Rings films gave the country's majestic scenery a high profile, boosted by the government introducing a minimum English language requirement that effectively cut arrivals from Asia. Britain represents by far the biggest source of migrants, with 22,400 entering the country last year to take up permanent residence.
Attractions cited by British migrants, apart from natural beauty, include more sunshine and the country's relaxed way of life. Martin Rowley, 39, and his partner, Jane Doble, who emigrated with their son George, six, from Marlow, Bucks, five years ago, are typical recent arrivals from Britain.
They have a baby daughter, born since they settled in the coastal resort of Tauranga, where they run their own office cleaning business. "We love it here and would never want to go back," Mr Rowley said.
"There is so much space, with only four million people in the whole country, and the climate means we enjoy an outdoor lifestyle that we could never hope for in England."
Although the Maori Party demanded curbs on migrants from other mainly white countries such as the United States, Canada and Australia, their numbers are dwarfed by those from Britain.
The level of British migration is at its highest since New Zealand, like Australia, ended a policy of assisted passages for settlers known as "Ten Pound Poms" in the early 1970s.
Businesses and civil authorities increasingly recruit in Britain in an effort to counter a crippling shortage of skilled staff.
Helen Clark, the prime minister, dismissed the Maori Party's demands as "ridiculous". She said: "Our country has been built on migration, you're part of it, I'm part of it."