text:
The continuation of concept development and test of a water-based, advanced Phase Change Material (PCM) heat sink is proposed. Utilizing a novel material choice for both an expansion diaphragm and the PCM case itself, the PCM can accommodate both the expansion of the freezing water-based material and very low temperature of approximately -250F. The water-based PCM itself would be non-toxic and non-flammable, but additives will be included to preclude deterioration of wither the PCM container or the diaphragm material. The use of a water-based PCM gives the highest heat capacity for the mass. This is highly limited due to the needs for portability as required for an Extra-Vehicular Activity (EVA). The total heat capacity of an operational unit would be for 4 hour duration EVA use. Through a logical progression of tasks including concept of operation formulation, requirements formulation, concept design reviews and detail design reviews that include design and thermal analysis using Thermal DesktopTM
models, this effort can progress from the TRL 3 achieved in Phase I to TRL 4-5. The team will continue development by designing a Variable Conductance Interface (VCI) for protecting water in the Liquid Cooling Garment (LCG) from freezing due to the temperature of the heat sink used by the PCM. The team will also develop system improvements identified during Phase I testing. The PCM will be tested to confirm heat input/temperature performance and cycling capability. The test bed will allow for accurate heat input knowledge, temperature monitoring and cycling capability. The results will be compared to the thermal model to ensure accurate prediction capability for the next phase unit and system implementation. The design description and test results would form the basis of the final report.


text:
Class 3: Estranged from Family and Friends
The third class focuses on how soldiers came to feel estranged from civilians whose view of war changed little from 1861. Soldiers retained a firm belief that the war would be decided by heroic action, but life in the ranks gradually chipped away much of their idealism. Earl Hess's article explores how civilians imagined battle through soldier letters and newspaper reports. After students complete this foundational reading, they should turn to the assigned primary sources. The assigned letters were written by soldiers who felt disconnected with the people back home and frustrated by civilian naïveté. Students should pay attention to how the constant presence of death and chaos of battle hardened soldiers, transforming some into meditative killers who started to wonder if individual action and bravery was enough in the face of rifled weapons and entrenchments. Believing that outsiders could not understand what they were going through, soldiers turned to comrades and even the enemy as confidants. Mary Livermore's account further attests to the differing perceptions between civilians and soldiers.
Connolly, James Austin. Three Years in the Army of the Cumberland: The Letters and Diary of Major James A. Connolly. Edited by Paul M. Angle. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1959, 106–7.
Livermore, Mary A. My Story of the War: A Woman's Narrative of Four Years Personal Experience. Hartford: A.D. Worthington, 1888, Chap. 7. Available online at _URL_ (accessed 09/30/2011).
Lyman, Theodore. Meade's Headquarters, 1863–1865. Edited by George R. Agassiz. Salem, New Hampshire: AYER Company, 1987, Reprint, 186–89.
Smithsonian, National Museum of American History. "Portrait of a Nurse" in The Diary of a Civil War Nurse online exhibition. Available online at _URL_ (accessed 09/30/2011).
Hess, Earl J. "'Tell Me What the Sensations Are': The Northern Home Front Learns about Combat." In Union Soldiers and the Northern Home Front, Wartime Experiences, Postwar Adjustments. Edited by Paul A. Cimbala and Randall M. Miller. New York: Fordham University Press, 2002, Chap. 4.
- How does Hess's article help us understand why the relationship between soldiers and civilians became strained over time? Once you have outlined the contours of Hess's argument, turn to Mary Livermore's account and respond to the following question: In what ways does Livermore, as a member of the medical community, sanction courage and early war notions of manliness that some soldiers came to question?
- After reading Hess's article do you believe that Civil War soldiers were responsible for lingering idealism on the home front?
- As the war continued, soldiers and civilians were increasingly at odds over a range of issues. How does the diary entry of Theodore Lyman and James Connolly's letter help us understand the divide between the army and the people back home? Lyman's notions as to how one can establish truth during a time of war are important in understanding why he only trusts soldiers. Connolly only looked toward the army to find support and understanding. Finally, does the inexpressibility of war figure into their strong sense of comradeship?
- Does the estrangement between civilians and soldiers during the Civil War offer insight into the relationship between soldiers and civilians in modern wars?

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Difference Between Art and Craft (With Table)
Most often, than not, you will hear people using the terms art and craft interchangeably. It will not be wrong if you say that the majority of the people fail to understand the basic difference between the two forms of creativity.
Art vs Craft
The difference between Art and Craft is that art is the use of imaginative skills for sculpture, painting, and architecture. Craft refers to the creation of handicraft items and involves the use of paper, metal, wood, and glass. Art mainly expresses emotions, craft is in the form of tangible output, such as a carving or even a molding.
When it comes to art, it is a series of expressions without any limitations, like an open-ended or an unstructured form of painting. However, a craft has a specific structure that makes it visible with a definite form. Both art and craft and creative results of an imaginative mind. Thus, it is important for you to note that any form of creativity can easily be expressed in both forms.
Comparison Table Between Art and Craft
Parameter of ComparisonArtCraft
DefinitionIt is a lovely way of expressing a person's desires and emotions in an artistically visual manner.It is a creative way of coming up with creative things by way of hand.
Possibility Of Getting ReproducedIt is almost impossible to duplicate or reproduce as it is more personal and unique by nature.It can easily be duplicated by another person with similar talent and by use of similar style of a specific craft.
RequirementA person needs natural or god gifted talent to make an art.A person with skill and talent, who has been properly groomed and has some level of experience can make a craft.
CoreThe core of an art is the expression of various emotions.The core of a craft is the creative result that has been designed by hand.
ValueAn art has an emotional value.A craft has a creative value.
What is Art?
When you talk about art, it mainly refers to a wide array of human activities that involve the creation of auditory, performing, or visual artifacts that primarily express an artist's conceptual and imaginative ideas that are mainly intended for appreciation for the sheer beauty.
If it sounds a bit gibberish for you, in a simple language, art is a type of work that helps to express the expressions and emotions of an artist.
Art can be classified into 3 distinct branches, namely sculpture, painting, and architecture. It is true that the general definition of art has often proved to be a topic of dispute.
This has resulted in multiple changes in the definition over time. Nonetheless, the basic meaning of art remains the same. It will not be entirely wrong if you say that theater, dance, film, and music are also types of art. Even works of literature are considered to be forms of art in this modern era.
What is Craft?
Most of you must have heard people referring to certain objects or things as crafts. When you talk about a craft, it basically means a profession or even a pastime that requires a certain degree of knowledge and skill.
You may say that a craft is a type of skilled work. During the good old days, around the Middle-Ages, the term craft was mainly used for people who dealt with the production of goods and even their maintenance.
In this modern era, the term craft is mainly used to refer to artisans. Craft is used in terms of handicrafts, any type of decorative art, studio craft that includes metal work, studio pottery, woodturning, and weaving. Glass art, woodworking, and glass blowing are also other forms of crafts.
Main Differences Between Art and Craft
 1. Art is basically a type of work that mainly helps to express the expressions and emotions of an artist. However, when it comes to a craft, it is, more or less, a type of work that has a physical form quite similar to carving or molding.
 2. It is not possible to quantify art in any manner. On the other hand, it is possible to quantify craft pretty easily.
 3. It is very simple to come up with a duplicate form of a given piece of craft. When it comes to art, duplicating it is not at all simple.
 4. A good art form will easily attract the emotional side of people. Craft, on the other hand, will attract people in a general manner.
 5. An artist makes art that comes out straight from his soul and heart. Whereas, the craft is a result of talent, skill, and proper training. It is more a result of the mind.
 6. When you look at a form of art carefully, you will understand the inner feelings and emotions that have been going through in the artist's heart. On the other hand, if you look at a craft carefully, you will not feel such emotions involved at all.
 7. Art is the result of the natural and inborn talent of a person, whereas, a craft is the result of skill, experience, and training.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) About Art and Craft
Is writing an art or a craft?
Craft is something that requires skills like creativity, the ability to modify things into something artistic and also giving a new viewpoint to the existing things. Art is something that is learned. It comes to an individual with experience and the passage of time.
Writing is a blend of both as it can be fiction which requires the craft part and also nonfiction which covers the art portion.
What are the types of craft?
Craft has many types and covers a huge variety of products under it.
They are as follows:
 1. Wood Craft – Making furniture, modified sculptures, wood carving, wood embossing, etc.
 2. Textiles – Embroidery, knitting, quilt making, lace making, weaving, etc.
 3. Paper Craft – making a collage, paper games, Paper Mache, paper printing, etc.
 4. Pottery – pots, sculptures, etc.
 5. Jewelry – designer necklaces, rings, hairpins, etc.
What are the types of art?
Everything which is being manufactured in this world is a form of art in one way or the other. But the art is basically classified into 7 types.
They are as follows:
 1. Sculpture – making human or animal sculptures.
 2. Painting – includes different styles of making photos and paintwork.
 3. Music
 4. Dance
 5. Poetry
 6. Architecture
 7. Social Sculpture
How does art help creativity?
Art is something that requires the combination of different motor skills and the ability of the mind to think beyond its limit. When a person is involved in doing something artistic, he/she is developing hand-eye coordination, improving their thinking capability and at the same time tries to generate more output from the given input.
Thus, art definitely helps creativity.
What skills does art develop?
Art helps in the overall development of the individual as the individual is involved in performing the task with the oneness of his mind, body, and soul.
The list of the skills that art helps in developing are as follows:
 1. Creativity
 2. Focus
 3. Discipline
 4. Observation capability
 5. Perseverance
 6. Collaboration
 7. Risk-Taking
 8. Self-expression
What can art teach us?
Art is a creative technique that teaches us an ample amount of things. Art teaches us the way of being happy and to understand true self-value. It helps us to express our emotions in a more powerful way. It opens up our minds and the way we look towards different things in the world.
It helps us to see the counterpart of the world using our own imagination.
How does art affect society?
Art is affecting society in many ways. Art teaches people the true value of an individual and the power they possess in their minds.
Art helps the society to understand the ethnic and the pious values of historic influencers and helps in imbibing the same values in the society for the betterment of all.
All these years you probably thought that art and craft are one and similar terms that can easily be used interchangeably. However, after this discussion on their differences, your perception of these terms must have changed a lot.
Art is a term that portrays something that comes from the heart of an artist. It speaks about the emotions and feelings of an artist. It is also the result of natural talent in a person.
However, when it comes to craft, a person with proper skills, talent, and training can easily come up with a craft. Take the example of the painting of Mona Lisa made by Leonardo da Vinci. It is almost impossible to duplicate the work.
However, if you take the example of the sculpture of David made by Michelangelo, it can easily be duplicated since it is a piece of craft.
2D vs 3D video


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This post was originally published by Allison Proffitt at AI Trends
By John P. Desmond, AI Trends Editor
Long-time US government investments to build a "smart grid" for delivering electric power are employing AI techniques to improve resiliency.
The US Department of Energy (DOE) has made supporting the smart grid a national policy goal, which entails a "fully automated power delivery network that monitors and controls every consumer and node, ensuring a two-way flow of electricity and information," according to a report issued by Harvard University in 2017. Since 2010, the DOE had invested $4.5 billion in smart grid infrastructure and installed over 15 million smart meters that monitor energy usage per device and alert utilities of local blackouts. Estimates were that US energy demand was expected to increase 25% by 2050; the program was meant to limit the rise in peak electricity load to no more than one percent.
"AI will be the brain of this future smart grid," the report stated. "The technology will continuously collect and synthesize overwhelming amounts of data from millions of smart sensors nationwide to make timely decisions on how to best allocate energy resources. Additionally, the advances made from 'deep learning' algorithms, a system where machines learn on their own from spotting patterns and anomalies in large data sets, will revolutionize both the demand and supply side of the energy economy."
And, "As a result, large regional grids will be replaced by specialized microgrids that manage local energy needs with finer resolution. These can be paired with new battery technologies that allow power to continually flow to and between local communities even when severe weather or other outages afflict the broader power system."
The report was prescient; the work is ongoing and progress is being made.
In April 2019, the DOE announced it would fund eight projects with $7 million to explore the use of big data, AI, and machine learning for better grid operation and management, according to an account in T&D World. The funding was part of a $20 million allocation the DOE is to disburse to promote innovative research and development in AI and machine learning. The DOE's Office of Science announced that the remaining $13 million would support new research aimed at improving AI as a tool of scientific investigation and prediction.
(Here is a list of the Projects Awarded Funding referenced above.)
In July 2019, the DOE released the North American Energy Resiliency Model (NAERM) for national-scale energy planning including "a comprehensive resilience modeling system." Dynamic Line Rating (DLR), to maximize load in the smart grid, was noted as an innovative technology to pursue. The Report stated the NAERM can, "Utilize artificial intelligence and machine-to-machine capabilities (M2M) to optimize the utilization and security of the energy sector."
Scientists at DOE's Argonne National Laboratory, based in Lemont, Ill., recently reported finding a novel approach to help system operators understand how to enhance the resilience of power systems with the help of AI. The new approach allows operators to make decisions considering both static and dynamic features of a power system in a single decision-making model with better accuracy — a historically tough challenge, according to a release from the lab.
"The decision to turn a generator off or on and determine its power output level is an example of a static decision, an action that does not change within a certain amount of time. Electrical frequency, though — which is related to the speed of a generator — is an example of a dynamic feature, because it could fluctuate over time in case of a disruption (e.g., a load tripped) or an operation (e.g., a switch closed)," stated Argonne computational scientist Feng Qiu, who co-authored the study. "If you put dynamic and static formulations together in the same model, it's essentially impossible to solve."
Operators of power systems must hold electrical frequency within a certain range of values to meet safety limits. Static conditions, such as the number of systems online, are usually calculated separately than dynamic features, such as ability to adjust load based on demand.
Attempts have been made to develop simple models that can bridge both types of calculations, but the models have been limited in their scalability and accuracy, particularly as systems become more complex. Qiu and his colleagues are using an AI neural network to help the static and dynamic formulas work together.
"A neural network can create a map between a specific input and a specific output," stated Yichen Zhang, an Argonne postdoctoral appointee and lead author of the study. "If I know the conditions we start with and those we end with, I can use neural networks to figure out how those conditions map to each other."
The team has tested its approach on a microgrid system, a controllable network of distributed energy resources, such as diesel generators and solar photovoltaic panels. Results have been encouraging. "The neural network transformed the complex dynamic equations that we typically cannot combine with static equations into a new form that we can solve together," Qiu said.
The Argonne researchers hope power grid operators can use their model as a starting point. "We're excited by the potential for this type of analytical approach," stated Mark Petri, Argonne's Electric Power Grid Program director. "For instance, this could provide a better way for operators to quickly and safely restore power after an outage, a problem challenged by complex operational decisions entangled with system dynamics, making the electric grid more resilient to external hazards."
Startup PingThings Working on Data Platform to Support AI for Grid Resilience
Among the winners in the April 2019 DOE awards was PingThings, a startup that received seed funding from GE Ventures, which is working on incorporating AI to improve power grid resiliency.
Here is a description of the project: "The project will train and evaluate event and anomaly detection, classification, and real-time inferencing neural models and report on their performance when employed on live PMU [phasor "measurement unit] data streams."
On its website, the company describes the PredictiveGrid platform as an "advanced sensor AI platform that is capable of ingesting, storing, accessing, visualizing, analyzing, and learning from high definition sensor data at grid scale." The company has been awarded a total of over $8 million to fund its work, and is considering a Series A fundraising round in 2020.
NI4AI Project Aims to Create a Dataset to Help Apply AI to the Grid
Dr. Laurel Dunn, Grid Sensor and Data Research Coordinator for NI4AI, for National Infrastructure for AI on the Grid. The project is a partnership between PingThings and UC Berkeley, which was awarded $5 million in 2018, which will run through 2022. The award came from the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), a branch of the DOE created in 2007 and modeled after the Defense Advance Research Projects Agency (DARPA).
The announcement of the award by ARPA identified a critical need for the nation's electric grid: "An increasingly complex grid with diverse resources alongside fast, automated disturbance responses requires a new level of insight, without which the system can become uneconomical, unreliable, and unstable."
Furthermore, "The utility industry's pace of innovation has been and continues to be hampered by a lack of data accessibility; ineffective data quality solutions; skill and tool mismatch; a lack of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) experts; and difficulty in transitioning research into production."
Dunn focused her PhD studies at UC Berkeley on electric power systems and decision analysis at utility companies. "It's compelling to me," she said in an interview with AI Trends. "A lot of promising work is happening in the space of AI for utilities, but there is very little data going around. [Most of] the data is sensitive and protected."
However, not all utility data is protected. "A lot of work has gone into figuring out what information is sensitive and what information is not," Dr. Dunn stated. "It is possible to take "sensitive" datasets and strip them of any sensitive information that prevents them from being shared. NI4AI is working with utilities to create anonymized datasets that could more readily be exchanged."
The NI4AI project aims to deploy sensors to collect data that is anonymized in a way to allow it to be open sourced. "We are hosting it on the [PingThings] platform and doing community engagements to get more people working with AI on the grid," she said.
She hopes to build a community of interested people in the utility industry and in the analytics community to work on developing new AI applications that leverage the data. "We are trying to create a data set that is transparent and can be readily analyzed. Much of the data the utilities have is protected, so a student in school or an entrepreneur does not have access to data they could use to apply AI on the grid," Dunn said. "We are trying to create the ecosystem that supports that, to show we have the appropriate data to train algorithms to address problems in the industry."
Read the source articles and material from Harvard University, in T&D World and referenced Projects Awarded Funding, the North American Energy Resiliency Model (NAERM), from Argonne National Laboratory and from ARPA on NI4AI.
This post was originally published by Allison Proffitt at AI Trends


text:
Defending and recovering
Aim - To improve players ability to recover and defend once out of position. To improve their ability to defend in 1 vs 1 situations.
- 1. Power and accuracy when heading.
- 2. Power and accuracy if progressing to drilling the ball into the coach's hands.
- 3. Emphsise the importance of reacting and covering the ground quickly to shut the attacker down.
- 4. Do not dive in but provide enough pressure to put the attacker off the shot.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Intro to Collaborative Project
Intro to Collaborative Project
By Katelyn Tullis
Students will demonstrate their understanding of the collaborative nature of the actor, director, and designers and their interdependent roles in a drama/theatre work by fulfilling one of these roles in a small performance piece.
Prior Experience:
Students will draw upon all lessons in this unit as they practice the following skills: collaboration, acting, designing, script analysis, and "yes, and."
Class Style:
*Short Class Zoom Call. Transition to group work on smaller Zoom calls.*
National Standards:
TH:Cr2-I.b. Investigate the collaborative nature of the actor, director, playwright, and designers and explore their interdependent roles in a drama/theatre work.
TH:Re9.1.I.c. Formulate a deeper understanding and appreciation of a drama/ theatre work by considering its specific purpose or intended audience.
TH:Cr3.1.Ia. Practice and revise a devised or scripted drama/theatre work using theatrical staging conventions
Big Ideas:
 - Theatre makers must collaborate.
 - Rehearsal is a collaborative time period.
Enduring Understandings:
 - Students will practice listening to each other.
 - Students will practice making the script their source of storytelling ideas.
Essential Questions:
 - What does collaboration look like?
 - What is my interdependent role as a(n) _____ (actor, director, playwright, and/or designer) look like?
 1. Zoom
 2. Rubric
 3. Script Analysis Template
 4. The Odd Couple Scene
 5. Zoom groups for each of the individual classes
 1. You will need to make these ahead of time.
 2. Link regarding making the small Zoom meetings. A recurring meeting means that the same link can be used multiple times. It can be opened any day, at any time.
 3. Link regarding making the students hosts within those meetings so that they can have full access to the Zoom controls. The first link shows a comparison of host and co-host abilities. The second link shows how to make someone a co-host.
 1. Create small groups of 5 students. Two students to be actors and three students to be designers. If needed, there can be a group or two of 4 or 6 students. In these groups, there can be one more or one less designer in that group. Decide which two students will be acting (the scene is written for two men, but can be easily changed to two women) and which students will be the designers. From there, the students can decide which character they would like to be and which area they would like to design for.
 2. You will need to create small Zoom meetings that will be sent to the students in those groups. You will want to make sure that these zoom meetings are links that are reusable so that the students can join the same link multiple times. The students will be working during the end of class today as well as during the next lesson. Be sure to inform students that you will be moving in and out of the various zoom meetings to check in and answer questions, etc.
HOOK (10 minutes)
 1. We are going to watch a video and I want each of you to think about what things they do as a group of people working together to be able to work effectively and collaboratively?
 2. You, as the teacher, can choose to screencast the video so that everyone can watch it at the same time. It might be a little bit jumpy, but everyone should get the general idea.
 3. Video Link:
 4. Discussion
 1. How well did the people collaborate?
 2. What specific things did someone in the video do to work effectively with the rest of the people working on the production?
INSTRUCTION (20 minutes)
 1. "Today will be the start of your project for the end of this unit. Throughout this unit, we have learned about script analysis and how we can tell stories with both our bodies and our voices. We learned about objectives and tactics, the design process, and tableaus. We have also practiced working in groups. This project will be a culmination of all those things! I will be giving you a short scene. You will be thinking about how you can tell the story with the director's concept that I give to you."
 2. "There are 5 people in each group. Two of you will be actors and three of you will be designers. It is each of your responsibility to analyze your script." (One may consider having smaller groups where students are both the actor and designer to experience both roles and to reduce stress of delegating roles that are unwanted.)
 1. Actors role: Read through your script individually and with your acting partner. Figure out more about your character by analyzing your script. Work together to find ways to tell your story not only with your voices but with your body. Practice working through your objectives and tactics.
 2. Designers role: think about what we learned about research and script analysis. Analyze the script and decide what the needs are. Research anything that you might need more information on to make more informed design choices (for lights, costumes, or set.) Then work to come up with a sketch for us of what you think the designs could be if you were to perform this scene. I do not expect these sketches to be perfect, but I would like you to put in your best work. Use a ruler for straight lines, label items that might be small, etc.
 1. You could also use images to supplement your sketch if necessary.
 2. For example, if you choose to design the lights, it might be easier for you to choose pictures that show the kind of lighting you are imagining, but you should still turn in a sketch of where your lights might be placed on the stage. Make sure to collaborate with whoever might choose to design the set in your group so that you know what the set could look like.
 3. You can design lights, costumes, or the set.
 3. Rubric
 1. Script Analysis: At the end of the project each of you will need to either take pictures of your script with your notes in it and upload it to the class website or email it to me. Or you can take notes and tell me how those notes correspond to the text. For example, if you have a note about a specific line and you are typing up your notes, put the line from the script in "quotation" marks and then write your note next to it. You can use the template that I have put on our class website.
 2. Acting: as stated on the rubric.
 3. Designers: as stated on the rubric.
 4. Collaboration: The purpose of this unit and this project is to help you have fun, introduce you to some basics of theatre, but to also help you understand what it is like to work collaboratively as a group on a project. Part of your grade on this project will be how well you work together as a group. If you are contributing to your group, you will get a good grade for that section.
 4. Explain how their Zoom rooms will work.
 1. There is a meeting set up for each of you where you will practice as a group. The actors can practice working on their scene and the designers will be working on their design.
 5. Allow for questions as they come up so that students feel confident moving into their projects.
 6. Inform students of their groups and which students will be actors and which will be designers. Students can choose which character they would like to be or which area they would like to design for: lights, set, or costumes.
 1. Send students to their small Zoom rooms.
 2. Make sure to visit each room so that they can ask you questions. You can observe their work and help side-coach them in their work. Examples of sample questions to ask:
 1. What design choices have you made? Why?
 2. Name the active tactics the actors are making, why you chose them and where they correlate in the script?


For the past 12 months I have been working on some exciting changes to Offix with the rest of the Offix team and the Offix core contributors. The offline experience has and will always be the main focus and key driver for Offix. We have been asking ourselves how we can improve on this and make this experience even better. We have decided to create the Offix DataStore and replace our previous offline client.
What is the offline experience?
Generally speaking when building your application you might often overlook consistency issues. Imagine that your user opened an existing form application and spent 2 minutes filling it in. In the meantime, someone else came and changed it.
Most of the time, developers won't handle situations like this simply because they are hard to handle or require models that will prevent other users from making simultaneous changes. This can be even more problematic for applications that need to store data that can be presented when the client doesn't have network connectivity.
When building offline applications most of us often focus only on reading offline data. The reason for this is that supporting offline writes requires developers to write their own replication mechanisms, which have a number of trade-offs. Thankfully projects like Offix exist and usually apply two different approaches:
 - Query Cache with some levels of data normalization into entities, queries etc.
 - Local database with asynchronous replication
The original Offix client used the first approach, while the Offix datastore implements the second approach.
When your cache has layers
Before we jump into what the Offix DataStore is and how we can use it, it's necessary to give a brief preamble as to why we have made this decision as a team. Offix started as an extension to a very popular GraphQL client, Apollo, which provides out-of-the-box offline capabilities.
The Apollo Client caches GraphQL data and queries to provide state management and reduce the number of queries sent to the server. This begins to break down when the app goes offline and you need to make changes to the data.
This is where the Offix comes in. When the application goes offline, Offix schedules the mutations and adds them to an offline queue. The scheduler generates a client ID and an optimistic response is added to the optimistic layer of the cache. When the app comes back online, Offix handles the conflict resolutions and swaps out the client generated IDs for the server generated ones. All the optimistic responses are replaced with the actual data and the result is that none of the data that was created when the app went offline is lost.
This approach presents many obstacles. In the cases of more complex GraphQL types or queries, i.e. pagination and relationships, the developer has to write very complicated cache update functions which do not scale well and this results in even more boilerplate code. All in all, the experience becomes very unmanageable and the generic out the box helpers are not flexible enough to handle a vast array of use-cases. Over the years of doing offline we have received many bugs related to our Offix library and it was challenging to resolve them in the generic way without sacrificing other elements.
Limitations of the Cache and beginnings of the Offix DataStore
Our project, called Offix, used an internal API that has since been removed in Apollo GraphQL 3.0. Our team evaluated moving to the latest version of Apollo GraphQL but we felt that we could not provide user experience that was needed. This is where we started thinking about building a database-first system that works with local data first and replicates data back to the server using common protocols. This is how Offix DataStore was born. To build the ffix DataStore we needed to come up with the default protocol for exchanging data and created GraphQLCRUD, which is now being used in numerous open source technologies and projects.
Offline First
Our aim is to make the offline focus as seamless as possible and not for it to be left as an afterthought. Offix generates an in-browser database based on the provided GraphQL models. This not only results in less boilerplate code, but all of the data is persisted to the browser from the start. So data is saved when the app goes offline and data is saved across app restarts.
Offix DataStore — DataSync and Replication engine
The Offix DataStore has a replication engine with delta synchronisation baked into the core, based on the GraphQL Crud specification. The Offix DataStore handles the replication of the new data to the backend automatically. The replication engine only fetches the data since the last sync (Delta synchronisation), reducing the size of the payload from the server since we are only fetching the items we need.
GraphQL Crud Specification
The Offix DataStore follows the GraphQL CRUD specification, which is implemented by Graphback, and will work out of the box with a server that follows the specification. As a result, all the queries, mutations and types can be generated, reducing boilerplate code to a minimum and resulting in quicker setup times and the ability to create quick and rapid prototypes.
State of Development
The Offix DataStore is still undergoing active development and there is still work that needs to be done around stabilising the implementation and addressing some of the limitations that are there. We have also officially made the decision to deprecate the previous Offix client.
For more information on how to get started, you can take a look at our docs.
Software developer @ Red Hat
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text:
Saltopus (Greek for "hopping foot"); pronounced SAL-toe-puss
Swamps of western Europe
Late Triassic (210 million years ago)
Size and Weight:
About two feet long and a few pounds
Small size; numerous teeth
Saltopus is yet another of those Triassic reptiles that inhabits a "shadow zone" between the most advanced archosaurs and the earliest dinosaurs. Because the single fossil of this creature is incomplete, experts differ about how it should be classified, some assigning it as an early theropod dinosaur and others saying it was akin to "dinosauriform" archosaurs like Marasuchus.


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The overall objective of Europe Direct-Lugo is to offer information about the communication priorities of the Commission, to participate in debate and discussion with the public following the European agenda in a national, regional and local context, by promoting active European citizenship, and to contribute to the development of a European public space.
- To promote exchanges, dialogue and understanding between European institutions, local public opinion, the people of Lugo and certain specialised audiences on a national, regional and local European scale.
- To provide the public with a more open dialogue, through which they can express their views to influence the decision-making process at an EU level.
- Encourage the participation of the general public in European democratic life, especially by creating channels for young people and the school community to be become active European citizens.
- Open the agenda of European institutions to the public, to contribute to the process of drawing up policies and adding value to the EU legislative process.
- To become actively integrated in the networks that have dialogue and debate about Europe as part


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UN-Habitat's governance structure is a three-tier structure made up of the UN-Habitat Assembly, the Executive Board and the Committee of Permanent Representatives. The General Assembly of the United Nations in its resolution A/RES/73/239 decided to dissolve the Governing Council of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme and to replace it with a United Nations Habitat Assembly of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat Assembly). UN-Habitat Assembly is a universal body composed of the 193 member states of the United Nations and convenes every four years at the Headquarters of UN-Habitat in Nairobi. The Executive Board is composed of 36 member states elected by the UN-Habitat Assembly and meets three times a year to increase the oversight by Member States of UN-Habitat operations. The Committee of Permanent Representatives of UN-Habitat (CPR) meets twice every four years in an open-ended manner. The three governing bodies together are intended to strengthen the accountability and transparency of UN-Habitat, and provide an effective oversight mechanism for UN-Habitat to enhance its normative and operational activities.
Nairobi, 1 July 2021—The Committee of Permanent Representatives to UN-Habitat (CPR) held its first open ended, high level mid term review meeting over three days in a hybrid format with 75 countries registering to join the session.
The delegates – which included five Ministers and 44 partners - discussed the delivery of the UN-Habitat 2020-2023 Strategic Plan which is grounded in the 2030 Development Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals and is currently at its midpoint.


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What Is the Debt-to-Limit Ratio?
The debt-to-limit ratio is a metric used to assess the creditworthiness of a borrower. It is calculated by dividing the borrower's total outstanding debts by the combined credit limits of their loans. For example, a borrower with $5,000 of debt and a credit limit of $10,000 would have a debt-to-limit ratio of 50%.
- The debt-to-limit ratio measures the level of indebtedness of a borrower.
- It is used by lenders to assess the creditworthiness of credit applicants and is an important component in the calculation of FICO credit scores.
- Borrowers who wish to improve their debt-to-limit ratios can use strategies such as aggressively paying off their outstanding debts, filing for increased credit limits, or using debt consolidation strategies.
How the Debt-to-Limit Ratio Works
The debt-to-limit ratio has many other names, including the balance-to-limit ratio, the credit utilization ratio, and the debt-to-credit ratio. In all cases, its purpose is the same: estimating how close the borrower is to "maxing out" their credit-bearing capacity. For the most part, a debt-to-limit ratio of 30% or less is considered acceptable by most lenders, while ratios rising above this level will start to prompt concerns.
For consumers, keeping a healthy debt-to-limit ratio is important because it is one of the main factors used to calculate FICO credit scores. These scores are in turn used to inform lending decisions such as whether or not to approve a given customer's mortgage application. To maximize their chances of being approved, would-be borrowers should take steps to maintain their debt-to-limit ratios at acceptable levels. Examples of such strategies include paying off their outstanding balances regularly or obtaining a higher credit limit on their loans.
The debt-to-limit ratio is the second-most heavily weighted factor used to determine FICO credit scores, accounting for 30% of the overall score. Other components include payment history, the type of debt owed by the customer, how recently new debts were incurred, and how long the existing debts have been owed.
Real-World Example of the Debt-to-Limit Ratio
Emma is considering applying for a mortgage. To prepare for her application, she reviews her existing credit score and is surprised to find that it is lower than she expected. When reading through her credit report, Emma discovers that her score was negatively affected by her debt-to-limit ratio, which measures the size of her total debts as compared to her combined credit limits.
At 50%, Emma's debt-to-limit ratio is above the 30% threshold that is generally considered acceptable by most lenders. To help improve her credit score, she decides to take active measures to lower her debt-to-limit ratio. Specifically, she starts by reworking her budget so that she can pay off a greater portion of her outstanding debts each month. She then applies for credit limit increases on her existing loans, so that her outstanding debts will shrink relative to her increased credit limits.
Another option that Emma could pursue would be to secure a new loan with a higher credit limit than her existing loans. She could then immediately pay off her existing debts using the proceeds from that new loan. In the end, she would be left with the same amount of debt as before, but with a higher credit limit. This strategy, known as debt consolidation, would therefore reduce her debt-to-limit ratio.


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San Luis Valley Colorado Heritage
The towns in the San Luis Valley are among the oldest settlements in Colorado, and, with just 47,000 residents, the valley's vast landscape has changed little since the early days of settlement. The art, architecture, religion, tradition and folklore of American Indians, early Spanish colonists, Mexican settlers and miners of the Southwest permeate the region. Historic agricultural practices, such as irrigation by acequias (ditches bringing surface water from rivers) are still in use. Traditional, spiritual and religious practices and festivals co-exist with the largest interfaith ecumenical community in North America.


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Event ID 3001 — RD Gateway Server Configuration
Applies To: Windows Server 2008 R2
For remote clients to successfully connect to internal network resources (computers) through a Remote Desktop Gateway (RD Gateway) server, the RD Gateway server must be configured correctly. The RD Gateway server must be configured to use an appropriate Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)-compatible X.509 certificate, and authorization policy settings must be configured correctly. Remote Desktop connection authorization policies (RD CAPs) specify who can connect to the RD Gateway server. Remote Desktop resource authorization policies (RD RAPs) specify the internal network resources that clients can connect to through an RD Gateway server.
|Product:||Windows Operating System|
|Message:||The RD Gateway server certificate cannot be changed. The following error occurred: "%2". Verify the certificate and try changing the certificate again.|
Ensure that the required permissions are granted to the private key of the SSL certificate
To resolve this issue, ensure that required permissions are granted to the private key of the SSL certificate.
To perform this procedure, you must have membership in the local Administrators group, or you must have been delegated the appropriate authority.
To grant the required permissions to the private key of the SSL certificate:
- On the RD Gateway server, open the Certificates snap-in console. If you have not already added the Certificates snap-in console, you can do so by doing the following:
- Click Start, click Run, type mmc, and then click OK.
- On the File menu, click Add/Remove Snap-in.
- In the Add or Remove Snap-ins dialog box, in the Available snap-ins list, click Certificates, and then click Add.
- In the Certificates snap-in dialog box, click Computer account, and then click Next.
- In the Select Computer dialog box, click Local computer: (the computer this console is running on), and then click Finish.
- In the Add or Remove Snap-ins dialog box, click OK.
- In the Certificates snap-in console, in the console tree, expand Certificates (Local Computer), expand Personal, and then navigate to the SSL certificate for the RD Gateway server.
- Right-click the certificate, point to All Tasks, and then click Manage Private Keys.
- In the Permissions for private keys dialog box, under Group or user names, click NETWORK SERVICE. Under Permissions for NETWORK SERVICE, if Read is not allowed, select the Allow check box adjacent to Read.
- Click OK.
To verify that the RD Gateway server is configured correctly, examine Event Viewer logs and search for the following event messages. These event messages indicate that the Remote Desktop Gateway service is running, and that clients are successfully connecting to internal network resources through the RD Gateway server.
To perform this procedure, you do not need to have membership in the local Administrators group. Therefore, as a security best practice, consider performing this task as a user without administrative credentials.
To verify that the RD Gateway server is configured correctly:
- On the RD Gateway server, click Start, point to Administrative Tools, and then click Event Viewer.
- In the Event Viewer console tree, navigate to Application and Services Logs\Microsoft\Windows\TerminalServices-Gateway, and then search for the following events:
- Event ID 101, Source TerminalServices-Gateway: This event indicates that the Remote Desktop Gateway service is running.
- Event ID 200, Source TerminalServices-Gateway: This event indicates that the client is connected to the RD Gateway server.
- Event ID 302, Source TerminalServices-Gateway: This event indicates that the client is connected to an internal network resource through the RD Gateway server.


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Using Design As Provocation in Technology
1 Jan 2012
Author: Caroline Sinders
Caroline Sinders uses design as a lens to see and explore the world around her – it's a framework for interrogation, as she look at technology's impacts in society, be it online harassment or artificial intelligence. This has been her focus for the past few years, which has resulted in numerous talks, workshops, and collaborations in how design mitigate or amplify harassment, the problems can design can cause through dark patterns, and how design can be used to illustrate (or obfuscate) AI, data and privacy in products. Design isn't just a skill but a practice, a language in and of itself. To start solving problems around harassment but also creating spaces for human connection, design needs to be at the equal forefront of this conversation. Design is what is distilling policy and code into a digestible and interactable interface for users. Design is critical to understanding tech's impacts on society. Especially when it comes to harassment or understanding technology's impacts in society, design is important.
- Dark Patterns and Design Policy: an article on why we need design policy for Data & Society's online blog, Points.
- A paper co-written with Sebastian Rieger of Stiftung Neue Verantwortung on dark patterns and German policy
- A provocation on 'data ingredients' or how labels could help make AI more understandablePrivacy by Design, Harvard's Shorenstein Center
- An essay commissioned for the Barbican Centre on on architecture and rethinking architecture for social networks
- Her column on Responsible Technology for Glitch's Magazine Glimmer.


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Fun Facts: Transportation
"All travelling becomes dull in exact proportion to its rapidity."
The first recorded attempt at flight is from 1020, when Oliver
of Malmesbury, an English Benedictine monk, strapped a large pair of
wings to his body and tried to soar into the air from Malmesbury
Abbey. He fell, breaking both his legs.
The world's first iron bridge.
The first bridge made out of iron had a span of only 100 feet.
It spanned the Severn River at Coalbrookdale and was built in 1777–1778. The bridge still exists today.
The automobile is over 200 years old. In 1804, Philadelphia ordered a steam-dredge from Oliver Evans, inventor of the high-pressure steam engine and other technology. Evans' shop was a mile and a half from the Schuylkill River, so he mounted one of his engines within the dredge-scow and ran the scow on rollers by steam to the river, making this device the first automobile. When he reached the river Evans substituted a paddle for the rollers and steamed away to Philadelphia, also making this device one of the first steamboats.
North America's first fatal railway accident on a steam-operated railway was on June
17th, 1831, when the boiler exploded on America's first
passenger locomotive and the first American locomotive in regular
revenue service, the Best Friend of Charleston
(whose first revenue run had been on January 15th of that year), killing
the fireman. The response by the West Point Foundry, which had built the locomotive,
to the boiler failure was by building their next locomotive, the
West Point, with a "barrier car", a car loaded with bales of
cotton to protect passengers.
The Best Friend of Charleston
Postcard depicting Jumbo the elephant, killed in St. Thomas, September 15, 1885.
The word "jumbo" comes from the name of Jumbo the circus elephant. Jumbo
was killed on September 15, 1885, after being hit by a
in St. Thomas, Ontario, Canada. In 1985,
a life-size (3.35 metres tall) plaster statue of Jumbo was unveiled in
St. Thomas. It was sculpted in New Brunswick and, ironically, was
transported to St. Thomas entirely by truck.
In June 1872, the steamship Iron Mountain, one of the largest
riverboats on the Mississippi, being over 180 feet long, left the city of
Vicksburg, Mississippi, with fifty-two passengers, a cargo of cotton bales,
and a line of barges carrying cotton and molasses in tow, bound for Pittsburgh.
It was never seen again. Late that morning, the crew of another
steamship spotted the line of barges. The tow line had been cut,
indicating that the crew of Iron Mountain had sensed a problem.
However, there were no traces of the steamship, its crew, or its cargo,
which should have dotted the river for miles had the steamer sank.
From 1836 to 1895, the Red Flag Act in England required that any
self-propelled vehicle be preceded by a man carrying a red flag by
day and a red lantern by night. This regulation essentially limited the speed
of such vehicles to that of a person and inhibited the development of
self-propelled vehicles such as automobiles.
In 1898, fourteen years before the Titanic sailed in April 1912
on her maiden voyage from Southampton to New York, Morgan Robertson's novel
Futility was published. It was about an unsinkable and glamourous
Atlantic liner, the largest in the world. Like the Titanic, the
fictional vessel was triple-screw and could make 24-25 knots; at 800
feet it was a little shorter than the Titanic, but at 75,000
tons its displacement was 9,000 tons greater. Like the Titanic's,
its passenger list consisted of many of the top names in high society,
and there were insufficient lifeboats (24 in the novel, 20 on the Titanic). On a cold April night,
the fictional "unsinkable" vessel strikes an iceberg and sinks to the
bottom of the Atlantic. The name of this liner was the Titan.
The iceberg that sunk the Titanic
The Titanic is the only ocean liner ever sunk by an iceberg.
In the entire state of Ohio in 1895, there were only two cars on the road,
and the drivers of these two cars crashed into each other.
In 1940, the Tacoma Narrows Bridge (popularly known as "Galloping
Gertie"), which spanned the Puget Sound
south of Seattle, opened. At the time it was the third longest bridge
in the world and narrower than any comparably-sized bridges. Although
the bridge was criticized for being too slender, Leon Moisseiff, the
consulting engineer to the project and an expert on suspension bridges,
assured people that the bridge would be safe. However, only three months after it
opened, the bridge collapsed in a 42 mph wind after going into harmonic
One of the deadliest train disasters ever was not caused by a collision,
derailment, bridge collapse, or fire.
On the night of March 2nd, 1944,
Italian freight train number 8017 left Salerno, headed south
through the Apennine mountains. Over 650 people had stolen a ride on
the 47-car train, intending to barter cigarettes and other items
with farmers in exchange for milk, eggs, and other rationed foods.
The train passed through Balvano, which lies between two tunnels.
In the first tunnel, the train waited nearly an hour for a downhill
train with locomotive trouble. In the second, the mile-long Galleria
delle Armi, the overloaded train stalled fighting the
steep grade, leaving all but the last three cars trapped inside the
tunnel. The tunnels trapped the carbon monoxide produced by the
locomotives burning their low-grade coal, causing 526
people to die of carbon monoxide poisoning.
During the building of the Central Pacific part of the American
transcontinental railway over the Sierra Mountains, three locomotives and forty
railway cars were dismantled and hauled over the mountains on sledges and logs.
The most disastrous aeroplane crash in history happened
on the ground, when two 747 jumbo jets collided in Tenerife,
in the Canary Islands, on March 27, 1977. A KLM plane accelerating on
a runway during takeoff ran into a Pan Am plane that was taxiing between
holding areas, waiting its turn to fly, causing 583 people to be killed.
One of the earliest monorails was the Listowel & Ballybunion
Railway, which spanned nine miles in County Kerry, Ireland. It ran
between 1888 and 1924. Its twin-boilered locomotives and cars
straddled the rail, which was supported on trestles. All loads had
to be balanced. Once, when a piano was shipped it was balanced by
putting a cow on the other side of the car. The cow was shipped
back with two calves on the other half of the car to balance it,
and the calves were returned one on each side of the car.
The world's largest building without internal supports is the Goodyear
Airship hangar, in Akron, Ohio - it has 55 million cubic feet of air.
Clouds form in the top of the structure during sudden temperature
changes, and it rains.
Kenya Railways requires that all trains stop for several minutes
before crossing the Mwatate Dam in the southern part of the country.
The practice was adopted on the advice of local residents after several
mysterious derailments on the dam were blamed on the evil spirits
that inhabit the reservoir. Townsfolk claimed that the spirits were
angered when the trains moved across the dam without first appeasing
them by stopping in tribute.
There is a street in Italy that is only 1.5 feet wide.
The world's shortest street is 6 centimetres long. It is in Scotland.
In America, rail passenger traffic peaked in 1921; volume
has declined more or less steadily since then.
The average American spends 18% of his or her income on
and only 13% on
On August 29, 1929 the Graf Zeppelin, a rigid airship (or dirigible), completed a historic flight around the world that included a nonstop leg from Friedrichshafen, Germany to Tokyo, Japan -- a distance of almost 7,000 miles. The airship was 100 feet in diameter and 110 feet high, including the gondola bumpers. During its operating life from 1928 to 1937, the Graf Zeppelin made 590 flights, covering more than a million miles. A total of 13,100 passengers were carried without a single injury.
On August 25, 1932, Amelia Earhart set three records for female flyers: the first non-stop U.S. crossing, the longest distance record, and a coast-to-coast record time.
Dr. Samuel Pierpoint Longley flew an unmanned, steam-driven aeroplane on May 6, 1896, a distance of over 3,000 feet. It could have flown a greater distance except that Langley had purposely limited its fuel supply so he could recover it. Hearing of this experiment, the United


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Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Alternative forms
- The conversion of something in order to make it international
- (software engineering) The act or process of making a product suitable for international markets, typically by making text messages easily translatable and ensuring support of non-Latin character sets.
conversion of something to make it international
act of making something suitable for international markets


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- About the Ministry
- Key Diplomatic Tasks
- Senior Officials
- Key Diplomatic Tasks
- Missions Overseas
- Foreign Missions in ROK
Korea's Key Diplomatic Tasks
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs will focus its capacity on the following diplomatic tasks to fulfill the national vision of "A nation of the people, a just Republic of Korea."
Peaceful resolution of the North Korean nuclear issue and the establishment of a peace regime on the Korean Peninsula
The Government of the Republic of Korea will make every diplomatic effort to achieve complete denuclearization and establish permanent peace on the Korean Peninsula. It will endeavor to make substantive progress toward complete denuclearization and build a permanent and solid peace regime on the Korean Peninsula.
Promotion of national interest through public and participatory diplomacy
The Government of the Republic of Korea will establish an integrated participatory diplomacy apparatus by increasing interactive communication with the people, endorsing public participation, and focusing on the capacity of participatory diplomacy. Simultaneously, the Government of the Republic of Korea will strive to promote the proper understanding of the Republic of Korea and garner awareness and support of its foreign policy through strategic public diplomacy.
Pursuing assertive cooperative diplomacy with neighboring countries
The Government of the Republic of Korea will strengthen close cooperation with the People's Republic of China, Japan, and the Russian Federation with the alliance between the Republic of Korea and the United States of America playing a central role. It will conduct cooperative diplomacy, in a proactive and assertive manner, with its four neighboring countries to establish permanent peace on the Korean Peninsula, which includes dealing with the North Korean nuclear issue and fostering coprosperity in Eurasia.
Establishment of a Northeast Asia+ Community of Responsibility
Within the current state of tension and contention in the region, the Government of the Republic of Korea will build a peaceful and cooperative environment conducive to the long-term prosperity and survival of the Republic of Korea. It will establish the Northeast Asia Peace and Cooperation Platform based on a pillar of peace, and pursue its New Northern Policy and New Southern Policy beyond the region based on a pillar of prosperity.
Strengthening economic diplomacy and development cooperation to promote national interest
The Government of the Republic of Korea will create an open, international economic environment; expand cooperation with emerging market countries; and actively respond to climate change. It will strengthen the Republic of Korea's contributions to the international community through efficient development cooperation and enhance national interest.
Strengthening the protection of Korean nationals traveling abroad and expanding support of overseas Koreans
For Korean nationals residing abroad, the Government of the Republic of Korea will establish a methodical system to protect them and strive to increase their benefits. Furthermore, it will vitalize the Korean global network and strengthen the capacity of Koreans abroad.


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What is a Highly Effective Missionary?
A highly effective missionary is one who maximizes his or her potential as an instrument in the Lord's hands. Highly effective missionaries deeply feel the importance of their purpose—to invite others to come unto Christ and receive the restored gospel. They don't settle for doing things the way they've always been done. They aren't content with mediocrity. They do all in their power to better share the gospel message to literally everyone they come in contact with.
Highly effective missionaries know how to:
- Unleash the untapped power of members in their area
- Encourage members to regularly participant in missionary lessons
- Have members invite their friends into their home to be taught by the missionaries
- Help investigators make and keep commitments
- Resolve investigator concerns when their progress has stalled
- Deploy innovative approaches that motivates investigators to come to church
- Use leadership opportunities to inspire improved effort and results
- Be creative in evaluating and refining their habits
- Let their personalities serve as a unique tool to reach others
- Quickly connect with people on the street


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After two days with Sarah Illenberger and you'll start looking at the world differently through different eyes. Everyday ordinary objects will appear as unconventional materials for creating three-dimensional illustrations. With Sarah Illenberger, participants will get their hands dirty to create their own tactile collage depicting a story with a generous amount of complexity using simple materials from fruits and vegetables to rocks, paper, textiles and yarn. Once your ideas are transformed into tangible form, with Sarah's assistance, participants will photograph their labor of love into three-dimensional illustrations.
The following materials will be supplied for you during the workshop:
Basic studio materials including tons of papers, scissors, and every day objects to create your three-dimensional illustration included.
About the host
Sarah Illenberger is an award-winning illustrator, designer, art director, photographer, and set designer. Her visual language is extremely effective at translating content, data, and ideas into vivid, often humorous images. Whether big or small, abstract or complex, the subjects and problems of our times are pointedly depicted by this renowned illustrator and designer in concise visual forms. The conceptual strength, descriptive intensity, and spatial finesse of her style make her work particularly attractive for international magazines that are looking for a catchy and entertaining way to illustrate their articles. Meticulously created with analog handicraft instead of using a computer, Sarah Illenberger's richly-detailed work opens up new perspectives on seemingly familiar, iconographically-charged forms and content and has appeared in international magazines and brands such as Vanity Fair, Time Magazine, Süddeutsche Zeitung, Wallpaper and Nike. Gestalten has also published the Berlin-based artist's eponymous first monograph entitled Sarah Illenberger.


cbd oil
Whether from an amusement park ride, a car, or a plane, motion sickness can bring about immense discomfort. Moreover, a lot of people have to contend with this condition from time to time. And if you are one of these people, you probably don't know how to remedy it.
What causes motion sickness?
motion sickness There is a balance center in your inner ears. And when you are in motion, the balance center may sense a host of different things. This is where motion sickness comes about. People try out several tricks to remedy motion sickness. Mostly, these are medications which may have terrible side effects. Natural solutions such as CBD may come in handy. But you'd need the best CBD to treat motion sickness. If you use compromised CBD products, the motion sickness symptoms you might be experiencing will worsen.
How does CBD help with motion sickness?
Acid amide hydrolase is the enzyme responsible for the disintegration of endocannabinoids. CBD works through inhibiting this enzyme. When this happens, the levels of anandamide increases. As a result, the endocannabinoid receptors become more alert. And the nausea center in your brain responds more effectively against the motion sickness enzymes.
How much CBD should you take for motion sickness?
The answer to this question isn't clear-cut as you'd expect as the dosage varies for each individual. Nevertheless, determining the first dosage is crucial. But how can you know what's the right starting dose? The only way to know is to try. Before you identify the right dosage, you'll make a few errors. But once you do, you'll know how much CBD to take in any given scenario.Experts advise that you start with a small dose. You can proceed to increase or decrease the dose as per your body weight and its effectiveness.
When to take CBD for motion sickness
If you know that you'll take part in an activity that triggers motion sickness, you may want to have your CBD dose early.The best time is an hour before the bus ride or flight. Cbd works incredibly well against motion sickness. It combats the symptoms as soon as they start. For the best results, see to it that you invest in quality CBD products that free from other additives. Remember, that poor quality CBD from backstreet may make your symptoms worse.


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Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
- n. The destroyer: a name given (only in Rev. ix. 11) to the angel of the bottomless pit, answering to the Hebrew Abaddon.
GNU Webster's 1913
- n. The Destroyer; -- a name used (Rev. ix. 11) for the angel of the bottomless pit, answering to the Hebrew
- Ancient Greek Ἀπολλύων ("Apollyon, the destroyer"), from ἀπόλλυμι ("destroy") (Wiktionary)
"Apollyon comes from a Greek word meaning the destroyer."
"Now, Phineas, be content; Apollyon is beaten down."
""Have you ever heard of a company called Apollyon Associates?""
"In Revelation he is the king of hell, for says the Apostle, "And they had a king over them, which is the angel of the bottomless pit, whose name in the Hebrew tongue is Abaddon, but in the Greek tongue hath his name Apollyon" (Rev. 9: 1.1)."
"For what is the very name Apollyon, but an occult prophecy concerning the great conqueror of Europe! nothing can be plainer!"
"Without entering upon the thing in its reality, I shall only observe, 1st, That it is neither in his power, or of his nature, to be a saviour of men's lives; he is called Apollyon the destroyer."
"Without entering upon the thing in its reality, I shall only observe; That it is neither in his power or of his nature to be a saviour of men's lives; he is called Apollyon the destroyer."
"The leader of this legion of tormenting scorpions was Apollyon, meaning "the Destroyer.""
"Be warned though that it investigates the heavy sounds even more ( "Apollyon")."
"His voice is strongest on the Golden gate Bridge; if you stop and look down you can hear the whisper of Apollyon."
'Apollyon' hasn't been added to any lists yet.
Looking for tweets for Apollyon.


text:
All my Japanese language budo books are in my office, so a fuller reply will have to wait till I go and check, but I can answer your question to some extent now.
'Ik-ka-jo' simply means 'first item', or 'first point'. In the glossary referred to by Ubaldo, it is given as the first technique in Daito-ryu, but the Japanese characters are not given. One possibility is ‰ÓŹđ.
As someone else said, the 'kyo' of 'ik-kyo' means 'teaching' or'religion'. When applied to aikido techniques, the meaning becomes somewhat artificial, but 'first teaching' seems a reasonable translation.
It should be understood that the Founder of aikido did not use any names for techniques. These were coined by the students in order to remember what they had been taught. It is plausible that ikkyo was preferred to ikkajo by members of the Aikikai. There is also a logical progression from 1-kyo to 4-kyo in the sense that the four forms can be done successively in one movement (from elbow, to base of thumb, to base of wrist, to nerve point in wrist).
P A Goldsbury


Gain More Flexibility And Save Money With SMART Charging
EV adoption is accelerating at an exponential growth rate, bringing EV charging closer to regular consumers.
Learn from this webinar recording:
 - What does term SMART charging mean?
 - Why load management is needed and what are the different forms of it?
 - Why you should choose SMART charging device with advanced dynamic load management over charging device with basic load management?


text:
Estonia Has Least Polluted Urban Air in the World27 September 2011
Levels of fine airborne particles in Estonia's urban areas are the lowest in the world, a comparative table published by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 26 September reveals. The Indian Ocean island nation Mauritius ranked second while Canada landed in third place, according to the WHO data.
The report looked at two different particle sizes: those with a diameter less than 2.5 micrometers (PM2.5) and those smaller than 10 micrometers (PM10).
In Estonia, PM2.5 was registered at 5.4 micrograms per cubic meter of air, while PM10 was at 11 micrograms per cubic meter of air.
The highest concentration of particles was registered in Mongolia, where PM2.5 peaked at 63 and PM10 at 279 micrograms per cubic meter of air.
According to WHO, each year over two million people around the world die due to the inhalation of fine particulate matter. The WHO ranking list contained results of urban outdoor air pollution monitoring from almost 1 100 cities with a population of at least 100 000. Air pollution in Estonia was measured only in Tallinn and the data dates back to 2008.
Estonian Public Broadcasting


text:
Select Preservation Resources
- Shocking Statistics: Reasons for Preservation Week: Facts that illustrate the need for national preservation awareness.
- PW Fact Sheet: More facts that discusses how items become damaged and simple steps to keep them safe.
- Preserving Your Memories: Organized by material type, these web sites, books, and other sources give useful information on caring for any kind of collection.
- Disaster Recovery: Information for before and after a disaster has damaged precious collections.
- Bibliographies & Indexes: A list of links to resources collected by professional preservation organizations
- Videos: Video resources depict ways and reasons to preserve collections
- Preservation for Children: Tools to help children understand the importance of preservation.
- Comprehensive Resources
- Resources in Other Languages: Spanish, French, Chinese, Italian, and Arabic resources for spreading the preservation message.
- Books of Fiction about Conservation
- Books of Fiction about Books for Book Groups


try to access the value
if(window.top.timestamp) // <--- Raises exception
I was able to resolve the issue by using only primitive types
// set the value on first load
window.top.timestamp = Number(new Date());
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If you are trying to access the JS object, the easiest way is to create a copy:
var objectCopy = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(object));
Hope it'll help.
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text: The question that Bill Wylie-Kellermann failed to directly ask and answer in "An Assault on Local Democracy" (June 2012) is, why are some Michigan cities and school districts under the direction of an emergency manager? Certain cities/school districts have an emergency manager not because of their racial makeup, but because their elected officials were either unwilling or unable to make the difficult decisions to ensure the financial viability of the entities they were elected to govern. The City of Detroit was headed for bankruptcy. Without massive state aid and intervention, it would have run out of money and been unable to pay its employees or creditors. The Pontiac School District was more than $24 million in debt. All of the other political entities mentioned in the article were in similar dire financial straits. The emergency manager act was an attempt by the state to prevent cities and school districts from declaring bankruptcy, a move that would have dire economic consequences for the entire state.


Creating a comfortable ambience in your interiors can be tricky at times, but if you have a focal point that balances out all the surrounding decorative elements, you are set. With ouRead morer collection of motifs from the water wallpaper assortment, you can devise a beautifully evened out aesthetic. Water is not only the most important element in nature, but also has long been considered to have healing and therapeutic properties. Traditional medicine claims that the element of water is responsible for creating physical harmony within the body. Harness these beneficial powers by choosing a water wallpaper for your residential, recreational or even a corporate room. You can also adjust your selected water wallpaper to suit your existing interior design and any colour schemes you might have.
The case for water wallpaper
It is a well-known fact that without water, a human being would not be able to last more than a minimum of two days. Water is involved in every function of the body, such as digestion, circulation and regulation of body temperature. As such, bodies of water play a vital role in sustaining healthy communities and economies. They provide connections across the landscape for people, plants and animals, which you will also see in water wallpaper. Besides supporting wildlife alongside a wide range of industries, rivers and wetlands have massive significance to the cultures of many people. As a vital source of food, medicine and materials for shelter, clothing and tools, water is the foundation upon which societies are built. This means that your wallpaper is not just beautiful to look at, it also represents a fundamental building stone of humanity and the source of life. You will be able to appreciate more, while having a water wallpaper as the visual highlight in your home or office.
A colourful world
We all know that colours affect us in different ways. Not only can they be an indicator of what mood you are in, but they can evoke the mood itself by simply appearing or being there. Different tones and hues in water wallpaper can do the same for you. If you like to keep it chill and introspective, maybe you can use something like Star Dunes. This water wallpaper can look great in any common room, such as the living room at home or even the break room at the office. It exudes a sense of calm and peace, something that is often associated with the colour blue. This water wallpaper has exactly the right amount of that coupled with a simple but impactful design. If you want something more lively, there is also the alternative in the form of Parabolic Dunes. Even though similar in design, the colour of the latter water wallpaper can create a different sort of vibe.
Water wallpaper and its cohorts
As mentioned earlier, water is a great source of connection between different species and beings. Bodies of water provide avenues of interaction for humans and animals alike. Bring a touch of nature into your space with water wallpaper. Tangled Jungle II - Monochrome is a beautifully elegant example of this. This desaturated water wallpaper can furthermore provide a touch of class onto your interiors. Imagine this beauty in your living room or even the board room at the office. Birds in Beautiful Scenery is another water wallpaper that combines the importance of water with the allure of the creatures it sustains. All these water wallpapers would also surely delight the young ones. The gorgeous designs and affable colour combinations would not look out of place in a kid's bedroom, study space, or even the common play room.
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Noun. Cross between spider (arachnid) and a rat (rodent), producing the Arachnorodent. These common paests have eight legs like all spiders, but instead have the body of a rat, with the complex eye structure of a spider. They live in walls, particularly the walls of innocent home-dwellers' bathrooms, and poduce scratching noises. Arachnorodents are also seasonal, only infesting homes during the cold months of winter and early spring.
"I was taking a shower last night, and the Arachnorodents were running up and down the insides of the bathroom walls"
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The call panel is a feature available in the medical software Ninsaúde Apolo. The tool can be used with different equipment, one of which is Wireless HDMI, which we are going to introduce to you now.
HDMI is an acronym used for High-Definition Multimedia Interface and is nothing more than a conductive digital interface that allows you to transmit uncompressed data. In addition to having a much higher transmission quality than most other alternatives, HDMI allows you to transmit not only video but also audio, without the need for additional cables, being compatible with any device.
HDMI can be used on a variety of devices and guarantees good audio and video transmission quality. Its use can be applied for home purposes or in workplaces such as the classroom, the meeting room, or at the reception of a clinic, as we will discuss later in this article.
Besides the HDMI with cable, there is also the Wireless model. HDMI Wireless is a technology that allows the transmission of audio and video between devices compatible with the standard, without the use of wires, only with the aid of the Wi-Fi signal. Its use is ideal in situations where the use of cables is not feasible.
As we mentioned earlier, in Ninsaúde Apolo there is a call panel tool. This functionality consists of using a monitor or TV set where it will be signaled when a patient is being called for care by the health professional. To use this functionality, the monitor must be connected to a computer where the Ninsaúde Apolo system is open, to transmit such information.
When using the call panel, the connection between the system and the monitor can take place through a Smart TV, Chromecast, HDMI cable, or HDMI Wireless, which the latter will now explain how it works. To use HDMI Wireless, you need to make sure that the device has a transmitter and a receiver. The product is portable, and both the transmitter and the receiver have antennas, which makes the device similar to internet routers and amplifies its signal.
Before starting use, it is necessary to pair the transmitter and the receiver. The way this is done will depend on the brand of the device you are using, but in general, an HDMI cable is connected to both the monitor and the receiver, where a power cable connected to a source is also connected so that the device remains switched on.
There is no need to connect a source to the transmitter, so a USB cable with a P2 tip can be used to connect it to the laptop, as the UBS itself will power the product (the same can be done at the receiver). That done, using an HDMI cable, just connect one end of the cable to the laptop and the other to the transmitter, to the input called "HDMI In". As the installation of each device may vary according to its manufacturer, in case of doubts we suggest reading the instruction manual carefully.
After this small installation, the transmitter connected to the laptop mirrors its screen to the monitor that is connected to the receiver. Because the receiver and transmitter can work together (even with meters between them), even though the monitor is on the wall and the laptop on the desk table, this will not interfere.
Both the receiver and the transmitter are very small, so they can be supported anywhere, for example, a small shelf of a few centimeters, or even on the wall itself.
Wireless HDMI wireless devices can easily be found on trusted sites such as Mercado Livre, among others available on the web. Its cost can vary between R$ 699.00 to R$ 1,900.00 (in the Wireless model), however, the device is also available in the network cable version, having a lower cost.
Did you like our tips? Keep following the blog for more news, and to stay on top of Ninsaúde Apolo updates. Not a user of our software yet? Go to the website and request a demo.


Glycosylation Patterns Attacked by CT Discussion Paper
CHEM 5620 Protein Chemistry
Assignment 06
This assignment is about these things: Cholera (caused by Vibrio cholera)
Diarrhea (caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli)
Whooping cough (caused by Bordetella pertussis)
Dysentery (caused by Shigella dysenteriae)
Typhoid fever (caused by Salmonella typhi)
Diphtheria (caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae)
 1. Use the papers made available on Canvas as a starting point to comment on how the cholera toxin (CT) is connected to each of the following aspects of protein chemistry. What I'm looking for here is a demonstration that you can read about new proteins and discuss how each of these things might apply. A good way to approach this is to first define each of the items, then describe how it relates to cholera toxin.
 1. KDEL sequence
 1. PDI (specifically in the CT lifecycle)
 1. Glycosylation patterns on the surface of cells attacked by CT
 1. Secretion of the toxin from V. cholerae (how does it get out)
 1. Endocytosis into target cells (how does it get in)
 1. The Sec61 channel and ERAD
 1. 2° and 3° similarity between CT and other toxin protein
 1. Use both text and Richardson diagrams to do the following:
 1. Describe the domain arrangement of the typhoid holotoxin.
 1. Describe the molecular basis for why typhoid infects humans but not chimpanzees.
 1. Explain what CRM197 is and why is it useful. The more detailed your answer about what it is (sequence, structure, function, etc.), the easier it will be to explain why it is useful. Searching in Pubmed is a great way to get started on this question,
Order a unique copy of this paper
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Approximate price: $22


text:
3.2. Opening Angle, Stability, and Confinement
An important constraint on jet physics is the opening angle. For a free jet the opening angle, will equal 2, where is the Mach angle defined by: tan() = ( Mj)-1, where Mj = jet Mach number, and = jet Lorentz factor. Any oblique shock in the jet due to a disturbance at the surface will also have the Mach angle relative to the jet axis. Likewise, turbulent boundary layers grow at the Mach angle unless prohibited for example by internal magnetic fields. Hence, a high Mach number jet has an effective 'rigidity' since edge-effects are limited to propagate into the jet at the Mach angle (DeYoung 1991).
On pc-scales the jet is resolved transversely with a constant (deconvolved) FWHM = 2.2 mas from 4 mas to 20 mas, suggesting a confined jet (Carilli, Bartel, and Linfield 1991). The minimum pressure in jet knots at radii of a few pc are of order 10-6 dyn cm-2, which is below the expected pressures in the ambient medium in these regions, as discussed below. Hence the pc-scale jet could be pressure confined although the possibility of magnetic focusing remains attractive in order to explain such a well collimated outflow.
On kpc-scales the opening angle of the jet in Cygnus A can be determined either from the evolution of the FWHM of the knots in the jet out to 20", or from the edges defined by the low surface brightness inter-knot emission in the high pass filtered image. In both cases the opening angle derived is 1.6° (Carilli 1996). For a free non-relativistic jet, the implied Mach number is 72. For a free relativistic jet filled with relativistic fluid the internal sound speed is c / 3, hence Mj = 3 and for Cygnus A the implied Lorentz factor is: = 40. This is well above the range measured for superluminal quasars (e.g., Porcas 1987).
Perhaps the most reasonable conclusion is that the Cygnus A jet is confined. Perley et al. (1984) point out that the Cygnus A jet morphology is consistent with regions of larger opening angle ( 5°), and a constant width jet in between (full width to 10% of peak 1.1"), implying a confined jet. Even for a confined jet, oblique ridges may indicate the Mach number of the flow if they arise due to disturbances at the jet wall. The Cygnus A jet knots are oriented at roughly 7° to the jet axis, which if taken as the Mach angle, implies: Mj = 8. Lastly, there is the simple fact that the jet must widen from pcto kpc-scales. Using the first resolved jet knot as an indicator of opening angle from the core leads to: Mj 13.
The simplest means of jet confinement is external pressure. Perley et al. (1984) point out that minimum energy pressures in the jet are about an order of magnitude greater than in the lobes, thereby requiring an alternative means for jet confinement, if minimum conditions apply. Below we review X-ray and optical observations which suggest that the lobes may be over-pressured relative to equipartition values by just this amount and hence that pressure confinement may still be viable.
A number of authors have suggested confinement of current carrying jets via the 'plasma-pinch' mechanism due to toroidal fields surrounding the radio jet (Chan and Henriksen 1980, Bridle, Chan and Henriksen 1981, Bicknell and Henriksen 1980, Benford 1985, Siah 1985). This mechanism is notoriously unstable although it might be stabilized by longitudinal fields in the jet, or by a hyper-Alfvenic jet velocity.
One of the more interesting observational results concerning the jet in Cygnus A comes from the optical imaging of the inner 5" of the galaxy with HST by Jackson et al. (1994). They find that the jet passes through a 'channel' in the line emitting gas about 1" from the nucleus. This channel is also seen in deconvolved ground-based images (Vestergaard 1992, Stockton et al. 1994), and it has been confirmed with more recent HST images of Cygnus A (see Fig. 6) presented in Cabrera-Guerra et al. (1996). These authors do not find evidence for increased reddening at the position of the gap, and hence argue that the gap is not simply a fortuitous projection of a dust filament at the position of the radio jet. Jackson et al. (1994) and Cabrera-Guerra et al. (1996) suggest that the jet has 'blasted' a path through the emission line clouds. The shocked clouds cool quickly, and are subsequently photo-ionized by radiation from the (hidden) active nucleus. This morphology implies that the radio source has not completely evacuated its environments, at least within a few arcseconds of the nucleus. This is consistent with the simulations of Williams (1991) of a jet propagating through an atmosphere of decreasing density, in which case the inner part of the lobe gets 'squeezed' by the high pressures in the central regions, leaving a 'naked jet' in the inner regions, in direct contact with the external medium. The pressure in the line emitting gas is comparable to the minimum energy value in the jet allowing for pressure confinement of this 'naked jet'.
Figure 6. The contours show the inner kpc-scale jet in Cygnus A at 5 GHz, 0.4" resolution. The grey-scale shows an HST image (resolution 0.1") of Cygnus A using the WFPC2 F622W filter, reproduced from Cabrera-Guerra et al. (1996). Note that the radio jet passes through a gap in the optical line emission.
However, there are a number of problems with the above model. First is the general problem of stability of a light, pressure confined jet (Birkinshaw 1991). Second, if the line clouds are moving at few hundred km sec-1 they will cross the jet on a time-scale of order 106 yrs, thereby further complicating the issue of jet stability. And third, in order to observe a gap due to the jet in the projected line emission the gas distribution must have a rather contrived geometry. A flattened, or disk-like, geometry for the line emitting gas is precluded since the expected deficit due to a small hole in a large disk, as seen in projection, would be small. The observed gap requires the gas be in a linear filament which happens to get 'cut' by the jet.
Overall, it may be simplest to assume that the jets in Cygnus A are external pressure confined on pcand kpc-scales with a free-expansion zone in between. The pc-scale jet is under-dense relative to its environments, and hence stability becomes a concern. The same concern holds for the jet-cloud interaction region seen at a distance of 1 h-1 kpc from the nucleus. However, beyond 10 h-1 kpc from the nucleus the jet would be over-dense relative to the confining medium (the radio lobes), leading to the relatively stable situation of a supersonic, pressure matched, ballistic jet from 10 h-1 kpc to the hotspots. The single requirement of this model is that the lobes be over-pressured relative to minimum energy - an assumption that agrees with other observational aspects of the Cygnus A galaxy, as discussed below.


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Impulse Response of Imaging Systems
Understand the effect of the wave nature of light on image formation.
Understand that knowledge of the impulse response of an imaging system is
required to predict the resolution and hence the "sharpness" of the image formed.
Understand the effects of aperture size, wavelength, and focal length on the
Understand how to measure the impulse response of an imaging system.
Image formation is a linear, shift invariant process which can be modeled as a
ui ( x) h( x) oG ( x),
where oG (x) is the geometrical optics prediction for the image field (i.e., subject only to
magnification), u i (x ) is the measured image field, and h(x) is the coherent impulse
response. Your previous studies have shown you that the coherent impulse response for a
circular aperture has the functional form:
h( r )
where D is the aperture diameter, f is the focal length of the lens, is the wavelength
of the light, and r is a radial distance in the focal plane. h(r ) has the appearance of a
bright central core, surrounded by concentric rings of diminishing intensity as r
increases. This pattern is referred to as the "Airy disk". The first zero of the Airy disk
occurs when its argument = 3.83.
Calculate the radius r at which the first zero of the Airy disk arises for the HeNe laser
wavelength (638.8 nm), and several focal lengths and lens diameters available in the
optics kit in the lab. It is also possible to stop down the aperture size D by placing an
iris in front of the lens. Use Matlab to draw some impulse responses. You will find the
"besselj" command in Matlab useful for this.
In this lab you will measure the diameter of the first zero of the coherent impulse
response for several combinations of aperture diameter and focal length. Use the setup
shown in Figure 1 below.
Figure 1: Setup for impulse response lab
You will create an expanded and reasonably well collimated beam, and let this fall on a
lens. This corresponds to light arriving at the lens from an infinitely distant point source,
and hence is a -function input. Place the camera detector one focal length behind the
lens (note – remove the lens that comes with the camera and let the light fall on the bare
CCD), and measure the impulse response. Save these images to files for processing later.
Information about the pixel spacing of the detectors will be made available in class.
Use several different focal length lenses for measurements, and compile your data for the
report. Compare your estimate of where the first zero should fall to where it actually
does fall. Also, place an iris directly in front of the lens, and "stop down" the aperture by
reducing the size of the iris. Note the effect on the impulse response. Make
measurements of the impulse response and the iris diameter and compare the impulse
response widths you measure to those you calculate.
Another way to estimate the impulse response is exploit the relationship between the step
response and the impulse response, i.e., a function is the derivative of a step function.
In the optics lab this can be measured by arranging a " 4 f " imaging system – i.e., a sharp
edge is placed 2f in front of the lens, and the image plane is found 2f behind the lens. The
response to the edge (i.e., the "edge response") is then measured, and differentiated to
estimate the impulse response. Suitable edges will be provided in the lab. Make the
necessary measurements, and compare to your measurements with the collimated beam.
Based on your experience with this lab, write a 2-4 page report discussing your technique
and your findings.