Gum Contouring Surgery
Gum Contouring Surgery
Are you unhappy with how your gums and teeth look? Find out if you are the right candidate for gum contouring surgery and visit Enamel for dental emergencies in Newport Beach to For you to get the desired outcome in any cosmetic procedure, you have to visit a specialized doctor, most likely someone with additional training in cosmetic dentistry. Gum contouring or tissue sculpting can help even out an uneven gum line giving you confidence while smiling. The procedure has benefits and risks associated with it.
Benefits of gum contouring
Of all the cosmetic dentistry procedures, gum contouring is the most transformative offering you many aesthetic benefits; for instance, you can smile confidently and clean your teeth correctly.
Removing excess gum tissue
 If you have excess gum tissue that extends down onto the teeth, gum contouring is best for you. Your dentist will safely remove the gum tissue. This helps to expose more of your teeth surfaces making the teeth appear longer and more proportionate with other facial features.
Creating a more even gum line
For persons with uneven gum lines, gum contouring is done to create more even gum lines. Often people with jagged gum lines are cautious when they smile. The uneven gum line makes the teeth appear unhealthy and crooked. After a gum reshaping surgery, you will be able to smile comfortably, and this can boost your self-esteem.
It is permanent
 Once the gum tissue is removed, it does not regenerate; this encourages many people to undergo the procedure. Most people, while undergoing gum contouring surgery, look forward to their gums maintaining the new shape. You have a role to place also—a commitment to keeping the gum healthy and clean to prevent loss of further gums to periodontal disease.
It is safe
It is one of the safest of surgeries, be it oral or other forms of surgery. Although all surgeries have risk associated with it, gum contouring has a very low risk of bleeding and infection. If you have gum disease, you have to heal first before undertaking gum contouring surgery. You will get the best results if you adhere to post-surgical instructions keenly. The recovery period is short and has no complications.
Risks of gum contouring surgery
After undergoing a gum contouring procedure, you may end up facing a few challenges. The process can put you at risk of developing gingivitis. It causes your gums to turn red and swollen. You might also develop bleeding gums mostly while brushing. Gingivitis can also cause sore gums that are tender to touch.
Another risk factor associated with the procedure is the relapse of gum tissue. Some people have also reported having allergic reactions to the anesthetic used.
In conclusion, gum contouring is a healthy and less risky procedure. At Enamel in Newport Beach, they offer the procedure at a cost-friendly price. They do post-surgery follow up to ensure that you are delighted with the results. Their main goal is to reinvent your smile, give you confidence, and boost your self-esteem. If you feel you need gum contouring for your gum, do not hesitate to visit.


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Hyrkan State Reservation is situatod in southest part of Azerbaijan Republic, on the coast of the Caspian Sea, in Lankaran Administrative District at 38° 30' 34" of northérn latitude and 48° 45'50" of eastern longitude.
The reservation was established by the Decree No. 272 of June 18, 1969 of the Soviet of Ministers. Its territory is 2,9 thousand hectares and is protected by the State. The flora of the reservation consist of 1900 species; 162 of them are endemic, 95 of them are rare and 38 are being depletod and disappeared. There are widely spread valuable and unique trees in the tree stratum such as Ironwood (Porrotia persica), Persimmon (Diospyrus lotus), Silk Tree (Albir~ia julibrissin), Chestnut-leaved Oak (Quercus castaneifolia), Hyrkan Fig (Ficus hyrcana), Hyrkan Zelkova (Zelkowa carpunifolia) etc. There a unique fauna in the reservation as well.
Hyrkan State Reservation is a unique natural territory in the Worid with its fascinating nature, rich vegetation, hills covered by endemic and relic trees and shrubs, with suitable subtropical climate.
Being adjacent the Caspian Sea, close to main roads and rail roads, the reservation is of great importance from the point of view of tourism and establishment of the national park. There are suitable conditions for this purpose in the Reservation.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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His general area of research focuses on how the active enzyme species generated during the blood coagulation process are regulated by both specific protease inhibitors present in blood, by cell-dependent processes or by various pharmacologic agents designed to suppress blood clot formation and propagation. The experimental approaches include studies in phlebotomy blood and reaction systems constructed with varying ensembles of purified proteins. The overall goal is to delineate the sequence of pro and anticoagulant events that allow the blood coagulation system to form a barrier that plug leaks in a vessel without blocking flow through the vessel. The empirical results from these studies and those from other laboratories are then translated into the existing reaction pathway framework of a mathematical model of coagulation developed by the Mann laboratory. Expansion of the reaction pathways encompassed by this model to facilitate interpretation and design of empirical studies, and transformation of this model into a research tool with clinical applicability are the long term goals of the modeling effort.
Last modified July 31 2015 03:46 PM

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Censorship of Japanese media in South Korea
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Censorship of Japanese media in South Korea refers to laws created by the government of South Korea to prevent the import and distribution of media from Japan. These laws were a reaction to the decades-long Japanese occupation of Korea. As a result, South Koreans had no legal access to Japanese media at all until the 1990s. As of 2018, there are still several laws restricting broadcasting of Japanese media in South Korea.
Immediately following the end of the Japanese rule of Korea, on August 15, 1945, South Korea enacted the Law For Punishing Anti-National Deeds (반민족행위처벌법), which was followed with many other laws over the decades restricting the broadcast and distribution of records, videos, CDs, and games from outside the country. While the laws did not specify any specific country, the intent of the laws was primarily aimed at Japanese media.[1]
Revisions to the laws[edit]
On 20 October 1998, manga and other publications were allowed to be imported for the first time.[2][3] Films that were joint Japan–Korea productions, or had won an Academy Award or an award at a major international film festival (Cannes, Berlin or Venice), were also allowed to be screened in theatres.[4][5] Animated films continued to be banned.[6]
In September 1999, Japanese music was allowed to be performed in venues not exceeding 2000 seats, and non-animated films that had won an award at any international film festival were allowed to be shown.[7][6][5]
In June 2000, the limit on seats in live performances was lifted, and animated feature-length theatrical films that had won one or more major international film awards were allowed to be shown, as were all films with a 12+ or 15+ rating. These films could also now be screened on cable and satellite television. Computer, online and arcade-style video games were allowed to be sold, and sporting events, news programs and documentaries were allowed to be broadcast on television. Music recordings and CDs with no Japanese lyrics, such as instrumental music or songs sung in other languages, was allowed to sold.[6][7]
On 1 January 2004, all Japanese films were allowed to be shown in theaters, and all Japanese music and video games could be sold by retailers.[4] For satellite and cable television, programming now allowed was lifestyle information programs, educational programs, Japanese music, Japanese films (those screening in theatres), and television dramas that were Japan–Korea productions or had a 7+, 12+ or general rating. For terrestrial television, allowed programming was lifestyle information programs, educational programs, non-animated Japanese films (those screening in theatres), television dramas that were Japan–Korea productions, live broadcasts of Japanese singers' concerts in South Korea, and Japanese singers appearing on Korean programs.[6]
Laws remaining in place[edit]
It is still illegal to broadcast Japanese music and television dramas over terrestrial signals in South Korea.[8]
In February 2011, the Korean censor indicated that they might consider lifting the ban in the future.[9] In August 2011, a single Japanese song was broadcast in South Korea as part of a trial program.[10][11]
In 2014, the Korean-language song "Uh-ee" by Korean band Crayon Pop was banned from broadcast by KBS because it contained the Japanese word pikapika in its lyrics.[12][13] However, SBS MTV and SBS funE allowed it.[14]
 1. ^ 中村知子 (Tomoko Nakamura) "韓国における日本大衆文化統制" (Control of Japanese popular culture in Korea) Archived 2011-12-23 at the Wayback Machine (in Japanese). Ritsumeikan University. March 2004. (English translation)
 2. ^ "[어제의 오늘]1998년 일본 대중문화 1차 개방 발표" (in Korean). The Kyunghyang shinmun. 19 October 1998.
 3. ^ <연말특집:聯合通信선정 '98 국내 및 해외 10대뉴스>-① (in Korean). yonhapnews. 10 December 1998.
 4. ^ a b Demick, Barbara (28 December 2003). "South Korea Makes Way for Anime". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2016-07-05. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
 5. ^ a b "Minister proposes allowing Japanese dramas into Korea". The Dong-a Ilbo. February 25, 2011. Retrieved 6 July 2016. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
 6. ^ a b c d Suzuki, Hitoshi (2004-03-15). "Ban Lifted on Japanese Popular Culture in South Korea". IIST World Forum. Institute for International Studies and Training. Retrieved 2016-07-05. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
 7. ^ a b Kim, Elisa (July 22, 2000). "Korea loosens ban on Japanese pop culture". Billboard. Vol. 112 no. 30. p. 68. Retrieved July 7, 2016. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
 8. ^ "韓国政府による日本文化開放政策(概要)" (Open-door policy of Japanese culture by the Korean government – Overview) (in Japanese), Embassy of Japan in South Korea, 30 December 2003. (English translation)
 9. ^ 韓国、日本ドラマ解禁に積極姿勢 (Positive attitude Korea, Japan to ban drama) (in Japanese), 西日本新聞 (West Newspapers), 24 February 2011. (English translation)
 10. ^ 日, 정치인까지 反한류 감정에 편승 (Politicians capitalize on the emotions of the Korean Wave) (in Korean), chosun.com, 1 September 2011. (English translation)
 11. ^ 「韓流偏重批判に考慮を 自民・片山さつき議員が民放連に要請 ("Liberal Democratic Party lawmaker Satsuki Katayama NAB requested to "take into account the criticism obsessed Hallyu") (in Japanese), J-Cast News, 31 August 2011. (English translation)
 12. ^ Yonhap News. ＜芸能＞韓国アイドルの新曲 日本語使用で「放送不適合」 2014/04/03
 13. ^ Ashcraft, Brian. "Korean TV Network Bans Pop Song for Using Japanese". Kotaku. Retrieved 2019-02-06.
 14. ^ "[HD] 140408 Crayon Pop - Uh ee @ SBS MTV The Show". YouTube. Retrieved 2014-04-08.


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Image: KCAL CBS 2
Californians should keep an eye skyward. It was entertaining enough when an unexpected and unexplained chunk of ice dropped from the heavens and cratered into an Oakland park last week, but another salvo of ice landed last Saturday, raising eyebrows and questions: Is this coincidence or something more sinister?
Scientists cant seem to decide. The FAA is investigating the incidents and assuming that the ice chunks originated on aircraft. Scientists at the Planetary Geology Laboratory in Madrid find the aircraft explanation convincing but also suggest global warming as a possible cause. Warmer-than-usual air pushes the next layer of the atmosphere to higher—and colder—altitudes. The resulting temperature differential might lead to the formation of the mystery mega-hail—even when skies are clear. El Niño, anyone? —Eric Mika
Link (via the San Francisco Chronicle)Link (via KCAL CBS 2)


Catholic abstinence from meat on fridays
What happens if a Catholic eat meat on Friday?
1. The Catholic Church considers it a sin to eat meat on Ash Wednesday and Good Friday and the Fridays during Lent. If a practicing Catholic were to knowingly eat meat on those days it is considered a mortal sin. If a practicing Catholic were to knowingly eat meat on those days it is considered a mortal sin.
When did the Catholic Church start no meat on Fridays?
Do Protestants eat meat on Fridays during Lent?
Adult Catholics are expected to fast (usually defined as eating one meal a day) on Ash Wednesday and Good Friday * and to abstain from eating meat on each Friday in Lent and on Ash Wednesday. Protestants remained conflicted about Lent into the 20th century.
Do priests eat meat on Fridays?
Traditionally members of the Roman Catholic faith abstained from eating red meat on Fridays as part of a penance to mark the day of Christ's death. Catholics are therefore being asked to abstain from eating meat on all Fridays, while vegetarians are being advised to abstain from another sort of food that day.
Does the Bible say no meat on Fridays?
The Bible nowhere mentions abstaining from meat on Friday, or any other day for that matter. It id's what is commonly referred to as a tradition of men, or church authority. It was supposed to be "observed" during the 40 days of lent.
Can Catholics get tattoos?
The Pope has backed tattoos, saying they can help build communities. At a meeting with young people ahead of an upcoming Synod of Catholic bishops, Pope Francis told them "don't be afraid of tattoos ". He said that while in some cases the number of tattoos were "exaggerated", they could also be a symbol of faith.
You might be interested: Good friday catholic rules
Which Pope said no meat on Friday?
Pope Paul VI
Why do we not eat meat on Fridays during Lent?
Meat was seen as a worthy sacrifice as it was linked with feasts and celebrations. Fridays were seen as a day of penance so eating meat on a Friday to "celebrate" the death of Jesus didn't sit well with the Church.
Why is fish not considered meat in the Catholic Church?
According to the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, abstinence laws say meat is considered something that comes only from animals that live on land, like chicken, cows, sheep or pigs. Fish are considered a different category of animal. Meat has always been associated with luxury, celebration and feast.
Why is fish not considered a meat?
Is lent just a Catholic thing?
This event is observed in the Anglican, Eastern Orthodox, Lutheran, Methodist, Moravian, Presbyterian, Oriental Orthodox, Reformed, and Roman Catholic Churches. Some Anabaptist and evangelical churches also observe the Lenten season. The last week of Lent is Holy Week, starting with Palm Sunday.
Can Catholics marry non Catholics?
You might be interested: Catholic saints and meanings
Can you eat meat today if your Catholic?
Current Church Law Regarding Abstinence On Ash Wednesday and all of the Fridays of Lent, Catholics over the age of 14 are required to abstain from meat and from foods made with meat. Many Catholics don't realize that Church still recommends abstinence on all Fridays of the year, not just during Lent.
Why do we not eat meat on Ash Wednesday?
The reason Catholics do not eat meat on Ash Wednesday and on the Fridays of Lent is because abstaining from meat or fasting from food in general is a form of sacrifice. This reminds Catholics of the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ on the cross on Good Friday.
Can humans survive without meat?
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Dynamic Redeployment to Counter Congestion or Starvation in Vehicle Sharing Systems
Author(s)Ghosh, Supriyo; Varakantham, Pradeep; Adulyasak, Yossiri; Jaillet, Patrick
MetadataShow full item record
Extensive usage of private vehicles has led to increased traffic congestion, carbon emissions, and usage of non-renewable resources. These concerns have led to the wide adoption of vehicle sharing (ex: bike sharing, car sharing) systems in many cities of the world. In vehicle-sharing systems, base stations (ex: docking stations for bikes) are strategically placed throughout a city and each of the base stations contain a pre-determined number of vehicles at the beginning of each day. Due to the stochastic and individualistic movement of customers,there is typically either congestion (more than required)or starvation (fewer than required) of vehicles at certain base stations. As demonstrated in our experimental results, this happens often and can cause a significant loss in demand. We propose to dynamically redeploy idle vehicles using carriers so as to minimize lost de-mand or alternatively maximize revenue for the vehicle sharing company. To that end, we contribute an optimization formulation to jointly address the redeploy-ment (of vehicles) and routing (of carriers) problemsand provide two approaches that rely on decomposability and abstraction of problem domains to reduce the computation time significantly. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of our approaches on two real world data sets of bike-sharing companies.
DepartmentMassachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling
Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI)
Ghosh, Supriyo, Pradeep Varakantham, Yossiri Adulyasak, and Patrick Jaillet. "Dynamic Redeployment to Counter Congestion or Starvation in Vehicle Sharing Systems." 25th International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling (June 2015).
Author's final manuscript


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Natzler, Gertrud and Otto (American, _PHONE_, _PHONE_)
Crocker Art Museum, Hubert A. Arnold Collection
Although Gertrud and Otto Natzler did not receive formal training in ceramic making, they both had an interest in clay and ultimately formed an extraordinary partnership. Both artists were born in Vienna, but later immigrated to the United States. Otto Natzler began his art career in textile design and then worked as a designer in a necktie factory. He met Gertrud Amon in 1933. The two artists won a silver medal for ceramics at the 1938 Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne in Paris. After German troops invaded Austria that year, they married and left Vienna, taking Gertrud's potting wheel and their electric kiln to California. They settled in Los Angeles, offering ceramics instruction until they could establish a market for their work. In California, the Natzlers became seriously committed to their art. Gertrud ably threw elegant, thin-walled forms that retain a feeling of strength and vitality. Otto devised over 1,000 unique and textured glazes. The couple continued this division of labor until Gertrud died in 1971, after which Otto remarried and worked with sculptural forms. Near the end of his life, he finished glazing the last set of pots that Gertrud had thrown.


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The P4's instruction window
Before I discuss the nature of the P4's instruction window, I should note that I'm using the terms instruction pool and instruction window somewhat interchangeably. These two terms represent two slightly different metaphors for thinking about the set of queues and buffers positioned between a processor's front end and its execution core. Instructions collect up in these queues and buffers, just like water collects in a pool or reservoir, before being drained away by the processor's execution core. Because the instruction pool represents a small segment of the code stream, which the processor can examine for dependencies and reorder for optimal execution, this pool can also be said to function as a window on the code stream. Now that that's clear, let's take a look at the P4's instruction window.
As I explained in the previous article, the P6 core's reservation station (RS) and reorder buffer (ROB) made up the heart of its instruction window. The P4 likewise has a ROB for tracking uops, and in fact its ROB is much larger than that of the P6. The functions of the P6's reservation station, however, have been divided among multiple structures. A glance at the master P4 diagram above will show you how these structures are configured.
Up to 3 uops per cycle can flow from the P4's trace cache into the ROB. From the ROB, uops flow into one of two structures, depending on what type of uop they are: the memory uop queue or the arithmetic-logic uop queue. This works the way the names suggest: memory uops flow into the memory queue, and everything else flows into the other queue.
These FIFO queues are themselves attached to a group of schedulers, which schedule the uops for execution when their operand data become available. A glance at the large P4 diagram above will show you the names of the schedulers and which execution units they send uops to.
This partitioning of the instruction window into memory and arithmetic portions has the effect of ensuring that both types of instructions will always have space in the window, and that an overabundance of one instruction type will not crowd the other type out of the window. And the multiple schedulers provide fine-grained control over the instruction flow, so that it's optimally reordered for the fast execution units.
All of this deep buffering and scheduling and queuing and optimizing is essential for keeping the P4's high-speed execution core full. To return yet again to our Tetris analogy, imagine what would happen if someone were to double the speed at which the blocks fall; you'd hope that they would also double the size of the look-ahead window to compensate. The P4 greatly increases the size of the P6's instruction window as a way of compensating for the fact that the arrangement of instructions in its core is made so much more critical by the increased clock speed and pipeline depth.
The downside to all of this is that the schedulers and queues and the very large ROB all add complexity and cost to the P4's design. This complexity and cost are part of the price that the P4 pays for its deep pipeline and high clock speed.
The P4's execution core
The P6 core's reservation station sent instructions to the execution core via one of five dispatch ports. The P4 uses a similar scheme, but with four dispatch ports instead of five. There are two ports for memory instructions: the load port and the store port, for loads and stores, respectively. The remaining two ports are for all the other instructions: execution port 0 and execution port 1. The P4 can send a total of six uops per cycle through the four execution ports.
How can six uops per cycle move through four ports? The trick is that the P4's two execution ports are double-speed, meaning that they can dispatch instructions (integer only) on the rising and falling edges of the clock. But we'll talk more about this in a moment. For now, here's a breakdown of the two execution ports and which execution units are attached to them.
- Execution port 0:
- Fast Integer ALU 1: This unit performs integer addition, subtraction, and logical operations. It also evaluates branch conditionals and executes store-data uops, which store data into the outgoing store buffer. This is the first of two double-speed integer units, which operate at twice the core clock frequency.
- Floating-point/SSE Move: This unit performs floating-point and SSE moves and stores. It also executes the FXCH instruction, which means that it's no longer "free" on the P4.
- Execution port 1:
- Fast Integer ALU 2: This very simple integer ALU performs only integer addition and subtraction. It's the second of the two double-speed integer ALUs.
- Slow Integer ALU: This integer unit handles all of the more time-consuming integer operations, like shift and rotate, that can't be completed in half a clock cycle by the two fast ALUs.
- Floating-point/SEE/MMX ALU: This unit handles floating-point and SSE addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. It also handles all MMX instructions.
You can also glance at the P4 diagram above for another take on the same information.
The P4's execution core exhibits one major peculiarity that sets it apart from any other architecture (at least that I've ever seen): two of its integer execution units run at twice the core clock speed. This allows each double-speed unit effectively to act as two regular-speed units, because each unit can take in and spit out two instructions per clock cycle (one on the clock's rising edge and one on its falling edge). The P4 thus can reasonably be said to have four "logical ALUs", which when combined with the complex ALU give the processor a total of five ALUs. That's a lot of integer horsepower, and indeed the P4 does quite well in integer benchmarks, especially at higher clock speeds.
The double-pumped ALUs are yet another example of the P4's general approach to performance as described above: why do two things at once, when you could just do one thing twice as fast?
The P4 has two functional blocks which handle both floating-point and SIMD instructions. Combining floating-point and SIMD into one set of units, as opposed to giving them dedicated units like the G4 (MPC74xx) and G5 (PPC 970) isn't quite as limiting as it seems, because floating-point and SIMD code are rarely mixed. The FP/SIMD units have relatively low latencies for a machine with such a lengthy pipeline, which means that their performance scales relatively well with clock speed.
If anything hurts the P4's floating-point capabilities, it's the fact that the FXCH instruction is no longer "free" on the P4. This hurts floating-point performance for regular x87 stack-based floating-point code.
With the introduction of the P4, Intel tried to encourage developers to quit using regular stack-based floating-point and start using SSE for all floating-point code, including scalar floating-point. This is because SSE has a flat register file, which improves performance by... well, by not being a bad idea like a stack-based register file.
Speaking of SIMD and SSE, with the P4 Intel introduced the SSE2 extensions. In fact, since I haven't done it elsewhere in this series, let's recap the history of Intel's SIMD implementations starting with MMX. The following summary is adapted from pages 7 and 8 of the ITJ article "A Detailed Look Inside the Netburst Architecture of the Pentium 4 Processor"
- 64-bit MMX registers
- Support for SIMD operations on packed byte, word, and doubleword integers.
Streaming SIMD Extensions (SSE)
- 128-bit XMM registers
- 128-bit data type with four packed single-precision floating-point operands.
- Data prefetch instructions
- Non-temporal store instructions and other cacheability and memory ordering instructions.
- Improved 64-bit SIMD integer support
Streaming SIMD Extensions 2 (SSE2)
- 128-bit data type with two packed double-precision floating-point operands
- 128-bit data types for SIMD integer operation on 16-byte, 8-word, 4-doubleword, or 2-quadword integers.
- Support for SIMD arithmetic on 64-bit integer operands
- Instructions for converting between old and new datatypes
- Extended support for data shuffling.
- Extended support for cacheability and memory operations
With Prescott, Intel introduced SSE3 instructions, which I'll outline a bit later.
Progressively-improved support for SIMD is an example of Intel's exploiting Moore's Curves by adding transistors and functionality to the core, as opposed to just increasing the clock speed. For some types of applications, improved SIMD support pays off, but the amount of payoff depends on how well the application is tuned to take advantage of the hardware's capabilities. This is in contrast to a hardware improvement like improved branch prediction hardware, which tends to pay off to one degree or another regardless of the software type.


Quartic function
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Graph of a polynomial of degree 4, with 3 critical points.
In mathematics, a quartic function, is a function of the form
where a is nonzero, which is defined by a polynomial of degree four, called quartic polynomial.
Sometimes the term biquadratic is used instead of quartic, but, usually, biquadratic function refers to a quadratic function of a square (or, equivalently, to the function defined by a quartic polynomial without terms of odd degree), having the form
A quartic equation, or equation of the fourth degree, is an equation that equates a quartic polynomial to zero, of the form
where a ≠ 0.
The derivative of a quartic function is a cubic function.
Since a quartic function is defined by a polynomial of even degree, it has the same infinite limit when the argument goes to positive or negative infinity. If a is positive, then the function increases to positive infinity at both ends; and thus the function has a global minimum. Likewise, if a is negative, it decreases to negative infinity and has a global maximum. In both cases it may or may not have another local maximum and another local minimum.
The degree four (quartic case) is the highest degree such that every polynomial equation can be solved by radicals.
Lodovico Ferrari is credited with the discovery of the solution to the quartic in 1540, but since this solution, like all algebraic solutions of the quartic, requires the solution of a cubic to be found, it could not be published immediately.[1] The solution of the quartic was published together with that of the cubic by Ferrari's mentor Gerolamo Cardano in the book Ars Magna (1545).
The Soviet historian I. Y. Depman claimed that even earlier, in 1486, Spanish mathematician Valmes was burned at the stake for claiming to have solved the quartic equation.[2] Inquisitor General Tomás de Torquemada allegedly told Valmes that it was the will of God that such a solution be inaccessible to human understanding.[3] However Beckmann, who popularized this story of Depman in the west, said that it was unreliable and hinted that it may have been invented as Soviet antireligious propaganda.[4] Beckmann's version of this story has been widely copied in several books and internet sites, usually without his reservations and sometimes with fanciful embellishments. Several attempts to find corroborating evidence for this story, or even for the existence of Valmes, have failed.[5]
The proof that four is the highest degree of a general polynomial for which such solutions can be found was first given in the Abel–Ruffini theorem in 1824, proving that all attempts at solving the higher order polynomials would be futile. The notes left by Évariste Galois prior to dying in a duel in 1832 later led to an elegant complete theory of the roots of polynomials, of which this theorem was one result.[6]
The Cassini oval, which is the locus of points all of which have the same product of distances to a pair of foci, is a quartic in two variables.
The Cartesian oval, which is the locus of points all of which have the same weighted sum of distances to two foci, is a quartic in two variables.
Limaçons are quartics in two variables.
Each coordinate of the intersection points of two conic sections is a solution of a quartic equation. The same is true for the intersection of a line and a torus. It follows that quartic equations often arise in computational geometry and all related fields such as computer graphics, computer-aided design, computer-aided manufacturing and optics. Here are example of other geometric problems whose solution amounts of solving a quartic equation.
In computer-aided manufacturing, the torus is a shape that is commonly associated with the endmill cutter. To calculate its location relative to a triangulated surface, the position of a horizontal torus on the Z-axis must be found where it is tangent to a fixed line, and this requires the solution of a general quartic equation to be calculated.
A quartic equation arises also in the process of solving the crossed ladders problem, in which the lengths of two crossed ladders, each based against one wall and leaning against another, are given along with the height at which they cross, and the distance between the walls is to be found.
In optics, Alhazen's problem is "Given a light source and a spherical mirror, find the point on the mirror where the light will be reflected to the eye of an observer." This leads to a quartic equation.[7][8][9]
Finding the distance of closest approach of two ellipses involves solving a quartic equation.
Inflection points and golden ratio[edit]
Letting F and G be the distinct inflection points of a quartic, and letting H be the intersection of the inflection secant line FG and the quartic, nearer to G than to F, then G divides FH into the golden section:[10]
\frac{FG}{GH}=\frac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2}= \text{the golden ratio}.
Moreover, the area of the region between the secant line and the quartic below the secant line equals the area of the region between the secant line and the quartic above the secant line. One of those regions is disjointed into sub-regions of equal area.
Solving a quartic equation[edit]
Nature of the roots[edit]
Given the general quartic equation
with real coefficients and a \ne 0, the nature of its roots is mainly determined by the sign of its discriminant
\Delta\ =\ &256 a^3 e^3 - 192 a^2 b d e^2 - 128 a^2 c^2 e^2 + 144 a^2 c d^2 e - 27 a^2 d^4 \\
&+ 144 a b^2 c e^2 - 6 a b^2 d^2 e - 80 a b c^2 d e + 18 a b c d^3 + 16 a c^4 e \\
&- 4 a c^3 d^2 - 27 b^4 e^2 + 18 b^3 c d e - 4 b^3 d^3 - 4 b^2 c^3 e + b^2 c^2 d^2
This may be refined by considering the signs of four other polynomials:
P = 8ac - 3b^2
such that \frac{P}{8a^2} is the second degree coefficient of the associated depressed quartic (see below);
Q= b^3+8da^2-4abc,
such that \frac{Q}{8a^3} is the first degree coefficient of the associated depressed quartic;
\Delta_0 = c^2 - 3bd + 12ae,
which is 0 if the quartic has a triple root; and
D = 64 a^3 e - 16 a^2 c^2 + 16 a b^2 c - 16 a^2 bd - 3 b^4
which is 0 if the quartic has two double roots.
The possible cases for the nature of the roots are as follows:[11]
 - If \Delta < 0 then the equation has two real roots and two complex conjugate roots.
 - If \Delta > 0 then the equation's four roots are either all real or all complex.
 - If P < 0 and D < 0 then all four roots are real and distinct.
 - If P > 0 or D > 0 then there are two pairs of complex conjugate roots.[12]
 - If \Delta = 0 then either the polynomial has a multiple root, or it is the square of a quadratic polynomial. Here are the different cases that can occur:
 - If P < 0 and D < 0 and \Delta_0\not =0, there is a real double root and two real simple roots.
 - If D > 0 or (P > 0 and (D ≠ 0 or Q ≠ 0)), there is a real double root and two complex conjugate roots.
 - If \Delta_0 = 0 and D ≠ 0, there is a triple root and a simple root, all real.
 - If D = 0, then:
 - If P < 0, there are two real double roots.
 - If P > 0 and Q = 0, there are two complex conjugate double roots.
 - If \Delta_0 = 0, all four roots are equal to -\frac{b}{4a}
There are some cases that do not seem to be covered, but they can not occur. For example \Delta > 0, P = 0 and D ≤ 0 is not one of the cases. However if \Delta > 0 and P = 0 then D > 0 so this combination is not possible.
General formula for roots[edit]
Quartic formula written out in full. This formula is too unwieldy for general use, hence other methods or simpler formulas are generally used.[13]
The four roots x_1, x_2, x_3, x_4 for the general quartic equation
ax^4+bx^3+cx^2+dx+e=0


There has been a huge hue and cry about the unavailability of consumer data with the Indian utilities. However, the question that needs to be asked is that whether we have really made an effort to collect the right data set? And if we have, do we have the processes to continuously update the database and maintain it?In this post, I've tried to list down baby-steps that would go a long way in creating a reliable and comprehensive customer database through the Consumer Indexing (CI) process.
# 1 Create consensus on how the data is required across the teams within utility
A lot needs to be done to really come to a common consensus across the utility stakeholders about how the utility plans to use the consumer data, not just to create a database because it's a mandate in the contract. This would also require the utility to project and decide how the data will be maintained finally when the utility operations smoothen up in due course.
Further, one also needs to take a call on what data is the priority and when and how it will be collected
# 2 Create a methodology to collect the data
Now, most widely used methodology currently adopted is the consumer surveys or consumer indexing, as many call it. However, the whole process is extremely tedious and static. One needs to think destructively to really create a methodology which will be, not just fast, but also reliable enough to feed data continuously to the other internal teams.
This could encompass use of social media to really entice and engage the customers to voluntarily post their data and update their data.
What precaution needs to be taken is to adopt a infrastructure to really accept data from multiple sources and consolidate the same into one piece of data.
# 3 Support systems needs to be designed and put in place to receive and organize the customer data
As the process of consumer data upgradation picks up pace, the utility should really be ready to receive huge chunks of data from various sources – viz. legacy systems, new connections, on-field checks, consumer indexing process, social media, etc.
I believe that MS Excel is fairly strong a tool to manage such data, provided the data structure is correctly created. At the same time, appropriate end-to-end integration needs to be done for the data collection methodology.
# 4 Selecting the right tool for the right data
GIS systems, though being one of the latest of technologies adopted by the utilities, has a major drawback. The data once imported into a GIS system is static. A GIS system will always take only that data as input that you'll feed to the system without doing any sanity check.
Now this creates a major loop hole in the system that can only be fixed by selecting a robust tool for data collection. This tool should also take into account that at times, the data might need to be collected from the field. Our experience in the field of customer data collection has proved that even a simple smart phone integrated with web-based forms is good enough. However, a well-designed consumer survey form is the easiest of all techniques used to initially populate the customer database.
Once the base-data is ready, the Billing Centers and Customer Care Centers should be developed to act as the nodal touch-points to gather the customer data on a more regular process.
# 5 Create the right training and monitoring modules
Even with the best of the methods and tools, without a systematic training and monitoring methodology, a good consumer indexing process could go for a toss. Right tools for training, and data audits are indispensable parts of the CI process
One of the speakers at the recently concluded India Utility Knowledge and Networking Conference (12-Feb-2013, New Delhi) pointed out that the utilities will go slow when it comes to adoption of technology and partner with smaller, local players to help them roll out the operations. We believe that there is a whole lot of internal thinking that needs to go in to really ensure that the utilities hit the ground running. Lack of clarity from the utility, coupled with the inefficiencies of the local players could kill the effort spent in the consumer indexing process.
Further readings: Putting your best foot forward – Best Practices in Consumer Indexing
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The Rachol Seminary Goa
The Rachol Seminary Goa was a Muslim fortress which was converted into a church by the Portuguese and thereafter changed to a prison. The Rachol Seminary in Goa was initially a seminal centre for Theological Studies in the 16th century. The church was constructed in the year 1576 and was dedicated to Saint Ignatius Loyola who was the founder of the Jesuit order which is upheld even today by followers of the Christian faith. In 1762, the erected structure was later converted to a Diocesan seminary. The seminary housed the first printing press which was to generate Christian spiritual literatures. This press had the capacity to generate 16 journals and the most well-known of them was the Gospels conversion to Indian language. In this context, it ought be referred that even some Hindu sculptures were unearthed when the seminary was constructed.
The Seminary played a pivotal role in endorsing Christianity in India since its inception. The complex was built by the Jesuits in 1610 AS and it used to house a hospital and a school for the poor. Apart from this, the seminary also had an educational school to train the priests.The Rachol Seminary Goa is in addition famous for its distinctive architecture. One will find the well carved sculpture of Saint Constantine, the first Roman Emperor who got converted to Christianity. The seminary also housed the Museum of Christian Art that displays the artefacts collected from all corners of the state of Goa.
Best Selling Goa Tours
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I previously asked this question in the maths community not realising that this stack exchange community existed. I have searched online extensively and haven't been able to find an explanation to how this works and would really appreciate some input.
I'm studying this signals and systems text book and I can't figure out the logic behind how $u(t)$ and $r(t)$ can be added together to form some signals.
$$ u(t) \triangleq \begin{cases} 0, & \text{if }t<0 \\ 1, & \text{if }t\ge0 \end{cases} $$
$$ $$
$$ \begin{align} r(t) & \triangleq \begin{cases} 0, & \text{if }t<0 \\ t, & \text{if }t\ge0 \end{cases} \\ & = t \ u(t) \\ \end{align}$$
$$ $$
Basically, an example in the book gives this signal:
signal example
So the book says that it can be described by this equation: $$ x(t) = u(t)-r(t-1)+2r(t-2)-r(t-3)+u(t-4)-2u(t-5) $$
It states that the sum of the ramps $-r(t-1)+2r(t-2)$ goes upward with the slope equal to one starting at $t=2$. I can't understand how this works geometrically and haven't been able to find anything that has helped. Does anyone know how this type of modelling is done?
I'm not sure I understand the delta-equals notation, but I'll assume it means definition.
It's important to understand that you're doing a variable substitution here. In the strictest sense, the $t$ in $u(t-1)$ is not the same $t$ as in $u(t)$. It may be easier for you to understand if you write your definitions as functions of $z$ instead of $t$:
$$ u(z) \triangleq \begin{cases} 0, & \text{if }z<0 \\ 1, & \text{if }z\ge0 \end{cases} $$
$$ \begin{align} r(z) & \triangleq \begin{cases} 0, & \text{if }z<0 \\ z, & \text{if }z\ge0 \end{cases} \\ & = z \ u(z) \\ \end{align}$$
So, $z=t$ in $u(t)$ and $z=t-1$ in $r(t-1)$, etc. You're changing a function of $z$ into a function of $t$.
The two functions you're dealing with have a breakpoint in them where the function changes behavior. In both cases it happens when $z=0$. So, looking at $u(z)$ for example, $u(z)=0$ for all values of $z$ less than zero and $u(z)=1$ for $z=0$ and all values greater than zero-- just saying what the function says, but in words.
When I use $u(t)$, I am substituting $z=t$ so $u(t)=0$ for all times before $t=0$, and $u(t)=1$ from time $t=0$ onward.
Now think about what's happening in the function argument with all the $(t-1)$, $(t-2)$ values... If you were to look at $u(t-4)$, then, it has the effect of shifting the entire function to the right in time. In this case: $$ u(t-4) = \begin{cases} 0, & \text{if }t-4<0 \\ 1, & \text{if }t-4\ge0 \end{cases} $$ or, rearranging the conditions a bit: $$ u(t-4) = \begin{cases} 0, & \text{if }t<4 \\ 1, & \text{if }t\ge4 \end{cases} $$ so you have a step function that is zero for all times before $t=4$, and one for times $t=4$ onward.
With the $r(z)$ function, with $z=t-2$ you substitute for $z$ in all places, so you have: $$ \begin{align} r(t-2) & = \begin{cases} 0, & \text{if }t<2 \\ t-2, & \text{if }t\ge 2 \end{cases} \\ & = (t-2) \cdot u(t-2) \\ \end{align}$$ which is zero for all times before $t=2$ and then a line starting at $(t=2,x(t)=0)$ with a slope of positive 1 and a y-intercept of -2.
The coefficients have the effect of changing the slope and corresponding y-intercept but the t-intercept remains the same. $2\cdot r(t-2)$ has a slope of 2 and a y-intercept of -4 but still crosses the $t$ axis at $t=2$.
The x(t) function is a linear combination of such functions, so you must add up the values at each point. The easiest way to see this on graph paper would be to draw each term separately one above the other and then add them vertically.
With the two components you you've highlighted, $−r(t−1)+2\cdot r(t−2)$: There is a slope of zero before $t=1$ because $u(t)$ is zero slope. The first term starts a ramp of slope of -1 starting at $t=1$ and the second term adds to that a ramp of slope +2 starting at $t=2$. Where those two terms overlap (everywhere from $t=2$ and to the right) the combined slope of those terms is +1.
 - $\begingroup$ Yeah the delta equals does mean that. After reading your answer I drew them all vertically and saw that by performing arithmetic to get the resulting values of the signal at each point results in the signal shown.The only thing that is still confusing for me is how the final two terms in the equation u(t-4) & -2u(t-5) produce that value of two between 4 & 5 but zero elsewhere? $\endgroup$ – burton01 Jan 7 '16 at 23:22
 - $\begingroup$ Don't worry I finally see how it works. the adding of the u(t-4) to the hitherto generated function with a slope of zero at x(t)=1 results in a boosted step signal which is then negated from 5 onwards by the term 2u(t-5). I didn't realise the chronological importance of this type of modelling until now. Thanks for your help. $\endgroup$ – burton01 Jan 7 '16 at 23:38
 - $\begingroup$ I'd think of it less as "chronological" and more as separating a function into a set of components. All components exist for all times $t$. This isn't very different from how principal component analysis works, which is used for "seasonal adjustments" in economic data among other things, or how a Fourier transform works, which is a sum of sinusoids of different frequencies, amplitudes and time offsets. $\endgroup$ – Omegaman Jan 8 '16 at 1:55
 - $\begingroup$ Yeah I understand. By chronological I more so meant the method you recommended to see how the final signal is constructed. I understand that it is important to choose functions which will not negate the signal that has been constructed but only tweak it beyond a certain point. $\endgroup$ – burton01 Jan 8 '16 at 2:16
Your Answer


Meaning of toluene in English:
Pronunciation /ˈtɒljʊiːn/
Translate toluene into Spanish
mass nounChemistry
 - A colourless liquid hydrocarbon present in coal tar and petroleum and used as a solvent and in organic synthesis.
 Alternative name: methylbenzene; chemical formula: C₆H₅CH₃
 - 'The powdered bark can also be treated with solvents, such as toluene, or amyl alcohol to extract the quinine.'
 - 'Toxic chemicals such as benzene, toluene and methyl benzene were included in the list.'
Late 19th century from tolu+ -ene.


text:
Cluster munitions contamination
- DownloadPDF 895 KB
Where are cluster munitions? What is their legacy? Which States and areas are most affected by cluster munitions? What challenges arise in areas affected by cluster munitions?
At least 21 States and four areas of Africa, the Middle East, Asia, and Europe are affected by cluster munitions or have been in the last five decades. In some countries, cluster munitions were used extensively, such as in Laos where the weapons were dropped over a period of nine years (1964 to 1973), creating a widespread lethal hazard for the population (GICHD, February 2007). In other contexts, their use has been more limited but the impact has also been severe. In Kos ovo, for instance, the conflict lasted only 11 weeks, but it is estimated that between 230,000 and 290,000 submunitions were dropped (Landmine Action/ICRC) and that approximately 30,000 remained unexploded on the ground when the fighting ended (ICRC, 2001).
Which States and areas are most affected by cluster munitions?
What challenges arise in areas affected by cluster munitions?


text:
Purpose: To assess the effect of hyaluronic acid instillation after arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction for improving pain, range of movement, and function of the knee.
Methods: 28 men and 4 women underwent arthroscopic ACL reconstruction for isolated ACL rupture (partial or complete) and instability after recreational sports injury 2 to 120 months earlier. They were randomised to undergo arthroscopic ACL reconstruction followed by intra-articular viscoseal instillation (13 men and 3 women) or arthroscopic ACL reconstruction alone (15 men and 1 woman). The knee injury osteoarthritis outcome score (for pain, symptoms, activities of daily living, sport and recreation function, and quality of life), range of movement, knee circumference, and analgesic use were assessed on days -1, 1, and 2, and weeks 2, 6 and 12.
Results: Patient demographics were similar at baseline. At postoperative days 1 and 2, all subscales of the knee injury osteoarthritis outcome score (except for quality of life) were significantly higher in the viscoseal group. At weeks 2, 6, and 12, improvement in both groups equalised. Knee swelling (change in knee circumference) was significantly less in the viscoseal group at days 1 and 2 (p=0.009 and p=0.038, respectively, Mann-Whitney U test). Only one patient in the viscoseal group had a limited range of movement. No patient developed any adverse reaction.
Conclusion: Intra-articular viscoseal instillation improved pain control and swelling 2 days after arthroscopic ACL reconstruction.


The majority of celestial space is inactive and will remain forever unruffled. But when cosmic violence does unfold, it changes the very fabric of the universe, with mega-explosions and ripple effects that reach the near limits of human comprehension. In his new book "Earth-Shattering," astronomy writer Bob Berman investigates these instances of violence both mammoth and microscopic.
Neil deGrasse Tyson
 Dr. Neil deGrasse Tyson is director of the Hayden Planetarium, hosts Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey and is the former host of NOVA ScienceNOW on PBS. On April 24 he returns to Proctors with an all-new show: "The Cosmic Perspective."
There is no view of the world as emotionally potent as the one granted by a cosmic perspective. It's one that sees Earth as a planet in a vast empty universe. It profoundly influences what we think and feel about science, culture, politics, and life itself.


text:
- About BPS
- School Life
- Our Philosophy
- Modern Foreign Languages
- R.E. & P.S.H.E.
- Art & Design Technology
- Term Dates
- Friends of BPS
- Inspection Reports
- Inform Newsletter
- Brooke Priory Parents – Business Directory
Aims and Values
'Pupils' behaviour is excellent. They show outstanding respect and kindness towards one another.' – ISI Inspection Report 2017
The staff at Brooke Priory seek to combine innovative learning approaches, suited to the needs of the child, with the best traditional, academic and social standards. We teach children to become independent, reflective learners and self-managers. Knowledge and skills are applied individually in the pursuit of excellence; our pupils succeed and thrive without compromising moral standards or their sense of humanity.
We provide a secure, caring, nurturing and happy environment, where a sense of family pervades all we do within the School. We expect Brooke Priory children to be courteous, well-mannered and to develop a high standard of self-discipline. Our 'umbrella' value for all in the School is 'to be the best we can be'.
The children are introduced to the School Values from the very beginning. They were created in consultation with the pupils, the parents and the staff.
Brooke Priory School holds at the heart of all it does the importance of every pupil's individuality. We aim to foster, through the curriculum and all learning and social interactions, in equal measure:
- Friendliness and Happiness
- Hard Work and Resilience
Contact the School
Brooke Priory School, Station Approach, Oakham, Rutland LE15 6QW
Phone the School
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© Brooke Priory School 2020 Designed and Developed by Welland Creative


text:
Creates a new stored procedure.
procedure-nameshould follow the normal rules for naming database objects, see Naming Objects.
procedure-nameis specified in its unqualified form, the procedure will be created in the schema which has the same name as the current ident.
procedure-nameis specified in its fully qualified form (i.e.
schema-name.procedure-name) the procedure will be created in the named schema (in this case, the current ident must be the creator of the specified schema).
The fully qualified procedure name must be used by all idents except the ident that has the same name as the schema to which the procedure belongs.
parameter-definitionshould follow the normal rules for naming SQL identifiers, see Naming Objects.
It is possible to create multiple procedures with the same name if they differ with regard to either the number of parameters, or the data type for the parameters. See Mimer SQL Programmer's Manual, Parameter Overloading for more information. Type precedence lists are found in Type Precedence Lists.
Each routine can be given a specific name, which must be unique within a schema. If no specific name is given, the system will generate a unique name. The specific name for a procedure can be retrieved by using the
A specific name can be used in
REVOKEstatements. It is particularly useful when dealing with procedures with parameter overloading. Instead of having to specify a list of data types, in order to distinguish the procedure, the specific name can be used.
The following mode values may be specified in a
The parameter is effectively write-only, i.e. it can only be used as the target for an assignment and cannot be used in a value expression in the procedure. This type of parameter must be a variable in the procedure
INOUTis specified, then
The permitted data types, specified in
parameter-definition, are pre-defined data types (described in Data Types in SQL Statements), and user-defined types (see CREATE TYPE).
result-set-clauseis specified, the procedure is created as a result set procedure. A result set procedure is a special type of procedure which returns a result-set and is called by being specified in a cursor declaration, see DECLARE CURSOR, rather than by using the
NOT DETERMINISTICis specified, then
NOT DETERMINISTICis implicit.
DETERMINISTICis specified, then the procedure is guaranteed to produce the same result every time it is invoked with the same set of input values and repeated invocations of it can, therefore, be optimized.
The following access options may be specified:
READS SQL DATA
procedural-sql-statementsare permitted except those performing updates (i.e.
UPDATE). The procedure may only invoke
READ SQL DATAfunctions, methods and procedures.
MODIFIES SQL DATA
READS SQL DATAnor
MODIFIES SQL DATAis specified, then
CONTAINS SQLis implicit.
A procedure created this way cannot be added to a module.
It is possible to create multiple procedures with the same name in a schema if the procedures have a different number of parameters or parameters with different data types.
It is not possible to create a synonym for a procedure name.
A parameter name must be unique within the procedure.
ROWdata type cannot be specified in
parameter-definitionor in a
A domain data type cannot be specified in
parameter-definitionor in a
A result set procedure may only have parameters with mode
A result set procedure or a routine invoked from within a result procedure, must not execute a
ROLLBACKstatement because this would interfere with the cursor used when the result set procedure is called.
DETERMINISTICis specified, the
procedural-sql-statementof the procedure may not contain, or be, a reference to:
MODIFIES SQL DATAcannot be used for a result set procedure.
An ident must have
EXECUTEprivilege on the procedure in order to invoke it.
Refer to the Mimer SQL User's Manual, Creating Functions, Procedures, Triggers and Modules, for details on using the
CREATE PROCEDUREstatement in Mimer BSQL where the
_USER_ is required.
ExampleCREATE PROCEDURE res_proc (IN A INTEGER, IN B INTEGER) RETURNS TABLE (CLIENT_NAME VARCHAR(32), CLIENT_ID INTEGER) READS SQL DATA BEGIN... END;
For more information, see the Mimer SQL User's Manual, Creating Functions, Procedures, Triggers and Modules.
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text:
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition
- n. A nematode worm (Syngamus trachea) that infects the tracheas of certain birds and causes gapes.
Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
- n. A nematoid worm, Syngamus trachealis, the cause of gapes in fowls.
- n. A parasitic nematode worm, Syngamus trachea, that infects the tracheas of some birds and causes the disease gapes
GNU Webster's 1913
- n. (Zoöl.) The parasitic worm that causes the gapes in birds. See
" Gapeworms "lodge in the hen's throat"... nuts! The larvae of the gapeworm live and mature in the lungs, trachea and bronchi, causing a severe pneumonia in young birds."
Looking for tweets for gapeworm.


Precalculus (6th Edition) Blitzer
Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0-13446-914-3
ISBN 13: 978-0-13446-914-0
Chapter 9 - Section 9.2 - The Hyperbola - Exercise Set - Page 982: 40
asymptotes: $y=\pm\frac{1}{3}(x+3)+4$ foci: $(-3\pm\sqrt {10},4)$
Work Step by Step
Step 1. Rewriting the equation as $\frac{(x+3)^2}{9}-\frac{(y-4)^2}{1}=1$, we have $a=3, b=1, c=\sqrt {a^2+b^2}=\sqrt {10}$ centered at $(-3,4)$ with a horizontal transverse axis. Step 2. We can find the vertices as $(-6,4),(0,4)$ and asymptotes as $y-4=\pm\frac{b}{a}(x+3)$ or $y=\pm\frac{1}{3}(x+3)+4$ Step 3. We can graph the equation as shown in the figure with foci at $(-3\pm\sqrt {10},4)$
Update this answer!
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text:
Three of the members of the Smithereens met in Carteret High School.
- The city of Rahway was originally known as Spanktown. According to legend, the name was derived from one of the prominent settlers being known for publicly chastising his wife.
- The Battle of Spanktown took place on February 23, 1777, when American forces under General Maxwell fought and defeated a British brigade. The American casualties were reported as 3 dead and 12 wounded, compared to 500 British dead.
- A mint in Rahway was the first in the country to print coins bearing the inscription E. Pluribus Unum.
LATEST SUGGESTIONS FOR EXIT 12
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Located adjacent to the Caves the Gardens were a gift from the Osawano Town Council. The Gardens present a unique opportunity for students to experience unique and unusual plants in a different environment.
The Wellington Osawano Japanese Gardens
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- AWGT Required Forms (Final Details, Special Requirements etc...)
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This article gives an overview of how you can use the traffic setting features of your account to re-organize and re-sort your traffic to make it more transparent and predictable. Most of these features build off the platform's standard traffic handling, which you can read about in Part 1: Traffic Parsing.
All of the traffic customization tools discussed below can be found in your Traffic Settings page in your account.
Custom Mediums
All new accounts include 5 mediums out of the box: Paid, Emails, Organic, Social, Referral and Direct. You can customize your mediums at any time and add sources to fill them out. For example, if you do tons of mobile push notifications, you could make a new medium called Push and sort traffic into various types of push notifications.
Custom Sources
Sources define individual sources of network traffic, usually other sites or services. You can use utm_source tags or domain patterns to easily sort traffic. Every new account gets a handful of prebuilt sources for common traffic sources like Google and Facebook.
Direct Domains
Is your site entirely on a single domain or do users common transition between domains? For example, most Shopify stores exist on one domain,, and use another domain for purchases, In this case you can set your domains to include both, so that when a visitor arrives to either domain it will be considered 'Direct' traffic and get sorted into the Direct medium. Without setting your domains in this way, traffic from one domain will be considered 'Referral' and will be sorted into the referral domain.
Tag and URL Rules
It's hard to keep clean and organized rules as your site and infrastructure expand. It's common to eventually have some rules that can't be cleanly reported or parsed. For example, consider the following urls:
 1. The order ID is baked right into the url, making it tough to combine all the purchase pages at once.
 2. Pages that are hosted on a 3rd party domain can be tough to cleanly organize into your site traffic.
 3. URL tags that are set incorrectly or inconveniently
Tag and URL rules allow you to massage difficult URLs, like the above, into a simple standard structure.
Tag Rules
URL Rules let you change the URLs that we process for easier reporting and organizing, without ever changing your actual live urls. It's a great and simple way to remove unique values and ids from urls and standardize their structure. For example, for all Shopify stores we work with, we remap the 4 stages of the checkout flow into the same URL. For example, XYZ becomes ABC.
URL Rules
Tag Rules let you change the URL parameters on the fly. Often links get launched with incorrect tagging or 3rd parties force a specific tag structure. Tag rules let you easily add standard UTM tags to organize your traffic without worrying about changing your live rules.


Preparatory studies
Study of Female Head to Right by Burne Jones
Study of Female Head to Right, 1889
Burne-Jones produced studies and drawings as research for larger drawings, watercolours and tapestries. Including studies made for major works such as his 'Pygmalion Series', 'The Briar Rose Series' and 'The Wheel of Fortune'. They reveal Burne-Jones' exhaustive method of building compositions and his passion for Romantic and classical literature.


Questions answered simply
Can an electric vehicle burn? Is charging safe in the rain? And what has to be taken into account when towing? Many questions relating to safety come up when talking about electric mobility. You will find the answers here.
Illustration of an ID.3 car charging using the Elli Wallbox
Safety rules when dealing with a high-voltage system
Illustration of a fire fighter standng in front of a Volkswagen ID.3.
Safety measures when charging
Illustration of a Volkswagen ID.3 standing in the rain being charged as a person walks past it.
Flammability of an electric vehicle and extinguishing methods
There is a water hose in front of a parked Volkswagen ID.3.
Health risks


Real estate owned
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REO properties often have dead lawns and may be poorly maintained.
Real estate owned or REO is a term used in the United States to describe a class of property owned by a lender—typically a bank, government agency, or government loan insurer—after an unsuccessful sale at a foreclosure auction.[1] A foreclosing beneficiary will typically set the opening bid at a foreclosure auction for at least the outstanding loan amount. If there are no bidders that are interested, then the beneficiary will legally repossess the property. This is commonly the case when the amount owed on the home is higher than the current market value of this foreclosure property, such as with a high loan-to-value mortgage following a real estate bubble. As soon as the beneficiary repossesses the property it is listed on their books as REO and categorized as an asset (non-performing asset).
The term REO originates from the term other real estate owned (OREO), which is used on financial statements to classify real estate property owned by a financial institution but which is not directly related to its business. The important distinction underlying OREO is between lenders versus companies for which real estate management is their primary business. Lenders are primarily in the business of making loans with the intent that nearly all of those loans will be repaid in full with interest. Seizing, managing and reselling real property collateral to recover unpaid loan balances is secondary to lenders' primary line of business.
In balance sheet terms, OREO assets are considered non-earning assets for purposes of regulatory accounting.[2] In the context of national banks in the U.S., the term OREO is legally defined by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency in regulations promulgated pursuant to 12 U.S.C. § 29.
As soon as a property goes into a distressed status (the borrower/home owner misses mortgage payments) the beneficiary will want to determine the amount of equity that the property has. A popular method to determine the equity is to obtain a Broker's Price Opinion (BPO) or order an appraisal. Based on the amount of equity that is determined from the BPO, the bank will decide whether to allow a short sale (if requested by the homeowner). If no short sale is requested by the home owner, the beneficiary will continue the foreclosure process. If the beneficiary is unable to sell the property through a short sale or at a foreclosure auction it will now become an REO property.
After a repossession from which the property becomes classified as REO, the beneficiary will go through the process of trying to sell the property on its own or obtain the service of an REO Asset Manager. The beneficiary will remove the liens and other debts on the home and try to resell it to the public, either through future auctions, direct marketing through a real estate broker, or by itself. The asset manager may also try to contact REO realtors that specialize in certain ZIP codes to help sell this bank owned property. Real estate investors will often purchase these properties because of discounts offered to compensate for the condition of the property.
Many larger banks and government institutions have REO/asset management departments that field bids and offers, oversee up keep, and handle sales. Some REO properties on the open market will be listed in MLS by the broker who performed the BPO. In the contraction that resulted from the S&L crisis, a common problem in many areas involved the listing broker "pocket listing" the transaction and not putting it out on the open market. Agents who have a pocket listing will put the listing on the MLS but will sometimes not field legitimate offers in the hopes of selling it themselves, quite often contrary to the beneficiaries wishes. To combat this, REO exchanges and government foreclosure outlets have been developed to overcome this problem.[citation needed]
Property preservation[edit]
Bank REO properties are generally in poor condition and need repairs and maintenance, both to satisfy property upkeep laws and to preserve and prepare the property for sale. Maintenance is generally the responsibility of the mortgage servicer[3][4] and is often in turn provided by a specialized property preservation company. These property preservation services include: securing a property (changing locks, boarding up), debris removal, property maintenance (winterizing, cutting grass, repairing or tarping roof leaks), and rehabilitation.[3][5]
In addition to preventing damage to the property, securing a property is used to prevent or discourage re-entry by former occupants or by squatters, which can both damage the property and require legal proceedings to remove, further complicating a sale. Swimming pools must also be secured to prevent deaths or injuries from drowning and falls.
Bulk real estate owned[edit]
Bulk REO or bulk real estate owned, from a real estate investor's point of view, is like investing on wholesale real estate properties. On the other hand, banks or lenders sell or open their assets in group for auction at a very low price compared to their market value. One benefit of investing on REO's in bulk is that a buyer can get good discounts upon purchasing them. However, the downside would be the incurred expenses from the closing amounts of the properties that the investor needs to pay.[6]
For instance, a real estate investor purchased four REOs for $600,000 by borrowing an amount of $500,000 and paying $100,000 as down payment. Each property costs $150,000 and the down payment is allocated equally among them at $25,000. The remaining balance for each property will then be $125,000 which is financed through blanket loan for $500,000. Each property will still have a release clause of $125,000 so that it can still be sold separately without affecting the blanket loan. Thus, in case one has sold a property for $300,000, one only needs to pay off the release amount of $125,000 taking home the profit of $175,000.
Most bulk REOs have these common characteristics:
 - Marginal location - low population rate or poor commercial activities;
 - Low or no market demand
 - Not qualified for conventional financing
Typically, bulk REOs are found in low to non-residential areas with low to moderate income residents. Most are abandoned, have no appeal and only incur cost to the lender or bank. Generally, these properties sell for 40 to 60 percent lower than the actual market value. [7]
 1. ^ William Roark (2006), Concise Encyclopedia of Real Estate Business Terms ISBN 0-7890-2341-5
 2. ^ Investopedia.
 3. ^ a b "Property Maintenance & Management: Property Preservation Matrix", 2010, Fannie Mae
 4. ^ Property Preservation Servicer Contacts, Mortgage Bankers Association
 5. ^ "Cleaning house" by Kristen Hampshire, Inside Business, May 1, 2008
 6. ^ Kollen-Rice 2008, p.107.
 7. ^ Whitney 2003, p.51.


text:
Geospatial data is essential for the development of the blue economy: for sustainable coastal management of coastal areas
and to unlock economic potential from marine and ocean resources. In developing countries, such as South Africa, there are
often gaps in the data with significant implications for the blue economy. We conducted a project aimed at addressing these
data gaps by experimenting with a circular process where geospatial data for selected areas on the South African coastline
were collected through mapathons and used in applications that were developed during hackathons. We validated this
circular approach with two iterations of mapathons and hackathons, and found that 1) the size and location of the map area
need to be carefully chosen; 2) those creating the apps needed a huge amount of help in dealing with the geospatial data; and
3) any geospatial data is useful for the blue economy, not only data with a very specific purpose in the blue economy
context, such as coastal access points. Overall, the geospatial data usability improved from one iteration to another and
would certainly improve if more iterations were added. Similar to the deployment of mapathons for disaster relief, future
research could focus on hosting hackathons for the rapid development of apps to assist with disaster relief operations.
Generally, the hosting of mapathons and hackathons in lockstep is a novel way of exposing students to interdisciplinary
collaboration in international teams with a common goal.


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Rudin asked me to maximize $$\int^{1}_{-1}x^{3}g(x)dx$$ under the restraint that $$\int^{1}_{-1}g(x)=\int^{1}_{-1}xg(x)dx=\int^{1}_{-1}x^{2}g(x)dx=0$$
This is clearly a Hilbert space problem need to use orthogonal relations. I computed $x^{3}$'s coefficients under the $L^{2}$ inner product and it turns out $x^{3}=\frac{3}{5}x^{2}+c$, with $c$ being orthogonal to $\{1,x,x^{2}\}$. But how does this help to find $g$?
A related question I also do not know how to solve is to find the minimum of $$\int^{\infty}_{0}|x^{3}-a-bx-cx^{2}|^{2}e^{-x}dx$$And it is not clear to me what the linearly independent underlying set is - $\{1,x,x^{2},e^{-x/2}\}$?
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I finally had some ideas, we just need to normalize $c$ to get $g$. – Bombyx mori Dec 29 '12 at 3:01
Hint for the second one: $e^{-x}$ is the weight function in the inner product. Also, do you know about Laguerre polynomials and/or Gram-Schmidt with respect to a weighted inner product? – JohnD Dec 29 '12 at 3:10
No I don't. I have to sleep now but really grateful for the hint. – Bombyx mori Dec 29 '12 at 3:15
Would it be possible to include a more detailed sketch of your steps to answering the first question. For example the phrase you "computed x^3's L2 inner product seems odd to me, since an inner product is usually defined over two functions. I assume it means \int x^3 x^3 dx?. I am looking at solving a related question. For example what if you swapped the x^2 and the x^3 in the problem statement, would the method above still hold. I haven't seen these Hilbert Space theorems used for maximization before. Do you have any references that can be found online? (also _USER_) – MHH Jun 30 at 3:05
1 Answer 1
up vote 4 down vote accepted
Hopefully you can recognize the second question as an application of what is sometimes called the "best approximation theorem" or "orthogonal projection theorem" in a Hilbert space. I'll show one approach, but there are others that people can chime in on.
If $\{\varphi_i(x)\}$ forms a complete orthonormal family on an interval $I$, with respect to the weight function $w(x)$, i.e., $$\langle \varphi_i,\varphi_j\rangle_w:=\int_I \varphi_i(x)\varphi_j(x)w(x)\,dx=\begin{cases} 0, &i\not=j,\\ 1, &i=j,\end{cases}$$ and we want to approximate $f\in L^2_w(I)$ as $$f(x)\approx\sum_{i=1}^n c_i \varphi_i(x), \quad x\in I,$$ then the "best" choice for the coefficients $c_i$ in the sense of minimizing the weighted $L^2$ norm of the error, $$\left\|f(x)-\sum_{i=1}^n c_i \varphi_i(x)\right\|_{L^2_w(I)},$$ is simply $c_i=\langle f,\varphi_i\rangle_w$, $i=1,\dots,n$.
To bring this to bear on your problem, the weight on the inner product is $e^{-x}$, $I=[0,\infty)$, $f(x)=x^3$, and we want to minimize the weighted $L^2_w(I)$ error when using the approximation $$x^3\approx a+bx+cx^2=\sum_{i=0}^2 c_i L_i(x),$$ where $L_i(x)$ denotes the $i$th Laguerre polynomial.
Since $L_0(x)=1$, $L_1(x)=1-x$, and $L_2(x)={1\over 2}(2-4x+x^2)$, from the best approximation theorem above, \begin{align} c_0&=\langle x^3,L_0\rangle_w=\int_0^\infty x^3 e^{-x}\,dx=6,\\ c_1&=\langle x^3,L_1\rangle_w=\int_0^\infty x^3(1-x)e^{-x}\,dx=-18,\\ c_2&=\langle x^3,L_2\rangle_w=\int_0^\infty x^3\cdot{1\over 2}(2-4x+x^2)e^{-x}\,dx=18, \end{align} which results in $$a=c_0+c_1+c_2=6, \quad b=-c_1-2c_2=-18, \quad c={c_2\over 2}=9.$$
Of course, if we want to let Mathematica do the work for us, it can:
Mathematica graphics
but where's the fun in that? ;-)
Hope that helps.
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text:
- Old Dominion Surveyor
- Find A Surveyor
The Virginia Association of Surveyors (VAS) was established in 1948 to promote the best practices of our members, provide a forum for discussion, and offer professional development courses to licensed, practicing surveyors in the Commonwealth. Additionally, VAS has expanded its reach to support future surveyors, technicians, and the public to further recognize the contributions the surveying profession provides to the community.
VAS serves the public and the profession through outreach and activities, such as conferences, scholarships, and advocacy. VAS is an affiliate of the National Society of Professional Surveyors (NSPS) and American Association for Geodetic Surveying (AAGS).


text:
Syllabus for combined Ist & IInd Sem
(Common for all branches)
EN010 101 ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS – I
Teaching Scheme Credits: 5
2 hour lecture and 1 hour tutorial per week
- To impart mathematical background for studying engineering subjects.
MODULE I (18 hours) – MATRIX
Elementary transformation – echelon form – rank using elementary transformation by reducing in to echelon form – solution of linear homogeneous and non – homogeneous equations using elementary transformation. Linear dependence and independence of vectors – eigen values and eigen vectors – properties of eigen values and eigen vectors(proof not expected) – Linear transformation – Orthogonal transformation – Diagonalisation – Reduction of quadratic form into sum of squares using orthogonal transformation – Rank, index, signature of quadratic form – nature of quadratic form (more…)


text: 1. The problem statement, all variables and given/known data Find the length of the curve r(t)= between points (1,0,1) and (e^(2pi), 0, e^(2pi)) 2. Relevant equations Length of curve=∫(llv(t)ll Where the limits of integration are the distance between the given points. 3. The attempt at a solution First, to know what my limits are. I would like to assume they're from 1 to e^(2pi), but something tells me I have to calculate the distance somehow. Would that distance be D=√(Δx^(2)+Δy^(2)+Δz^(2)). Is this correct? That's the only part I'm confused on. The integral itself isn't so bad.


text:
Location: Cotton Ginning Research
Title: Predicting seed cotton moisture content from changes in drying air temperature - second year Authors
Submitted to: ASABE Annual International Meeting
Publication Type: Abstract Only
Publication Acceptance Date: July 21, 2013
Publication Date: N/A
Technical Abstract: A mathematical model was used to predict seed cotton moisture content in the overhead section of a cotton gin. The model took into account the temperature, mass flow, and specific heat of both the air and seed cotton. Air temperatures and mass flows were measured for a second year at a commercial gin in Mississippi during the 2012 season. Results still showed high variations in the mass flow rate of both the air and seed cotton (9 and 16%, respectively), and a low drying air temperature (127 °F). The model is more responsive with higher drying air temperatures. The model performed slightly better the second year due to due to synchronizing the sampling of seed cotton with the recording of air temperature and air mass flow. However, predicted seed cotton moisture content still correlated poorly with actual seed cotton moisture content. Improvement must be made in measuring the mass flow of air, and determining seed cotton mass flow in real time. Having an accurate measurement of seed-cotton moisture content in a cotton gin would help ginners determine how much heat to use to dry the cotton.


text:
Bismillah Khan at Concert in 1964
|Birth name||Qamaruddin Khan|
|Born||March 21, 1913|
|Died||August 21, 2006(aged 93)|
|Genres||Indian classical music|
Bismillah Khan (Urdu: استاد بسم اللہ خان صاحب; March 21, 1913 – August 21, 2006), often referred to by the honorific title Ustad, was an Indian musician credited with popularising the shehnai, a subcontinental wind instrument of the oboe class. While the shehnai had long held importance as a folk instrument played primarily during traditional ceremonies, Khan is credited with elevating its status and bringing it to the concert stage.
Early life
Bismillah Khan was born on 21 March 1913 in Dumraon, Bihar in northern India. He was the second son of Paigambar Khan and Mitthan. His parents had initially named him Qamaruddin to rhyme with their first-born son Shamshuddin. However, his grandfather, Rasool Bux Khan, the shehnai master of the court of Bhojpur, exclaimed "Bismillah!" ("In the name of Allah!") at the sight of him and thereafter he came to be known by this name.
His ancestors were court musicians and used to play in Naqqar khana in the princely states of Bhojpur, now in Bihar. His father was a shehnai player in the court of Maharaja Keshav Prasad Singh of Dumraon Estate, Bihar.
Religious beliefs
Though a pious Shi'ite Muslim, he was also, like many Indian musicians, regardless of religion, a devotee of Saraswati, the Hindu Goddess of wisdom and arts, and often played at Hindu temples, including the famous Vishwanath Temple in Varanasi, on the banks of the river Ganga. He also performed for spiritual master Prem Rawat.
Bismillah Khan was perhaps single-handedly responsible for making the shehnai a famous classical instrument. He brought the shehnai to the center stage of Indian music with his concert in the Calcutta All India Music Conference in 1937. He was credited with having almost monopoly over the instrument as he and the shehnai are almost synonyms.
Khan is one of the finest musicians in post-independent Indian classical music and one of the best examples of Hindu-Muslim unity in India. He played shehnai to audience across the world. He was known to be so devoted to his art form that he referred to shehnai as his begum (wife in Urdu) after his wife died. On his death, as an honour, his shehnai was buried with him. He was known for his vision of spreading peace and love through music.
|"||Even if the world ends, the music will still survive.||"|
|"||Music has no caste.||"|
Performances at Red Fort
Khan had the rare honor of performing at Delhi's Red Fort on the eve of India's Independence in 1947. He also performed raga Kafi from the Red Fort on the eve of India's first Republic Day ceremony, on January 26, 1950. His recital had become a cultural part of India's Independence Day celebrations, telecast on Doordarshan every year on August 15. After the prime minister's speech from Lal Qila (the Red Fort,) in Old Delhi, Doordarshan would broadcast a live performance by the shehnai maestro. This tradition dated from the days of Pandit Nehru.
Popular culture
Khan had a brief association with movies. He played the shehnai for Rajkumar's role of Appanna in the Kannada movie Sanaadi Appanna. He acted in Jalsaghar, a movie by Satyajit Ray and provided sound of shehnai in Goonj Uthi Shehnai (1959). Noted director Goutam Ghose directed Sange Meel Se Mulaqat, a documentary about the life of Khan. In the 1967 film The Graduate, there is a poster advertising "Bismillah Khan and the seven musicians" on a busy street of Berkeley, California.
Khan seldom accepted students. In 1985 he had a meeting with Satguru Jagjit Singh Ji (the present master of the Namdhari Sikhs), where he saw a talented young boy called Baljit Singh Namdhari playing the tarshenai, and welcomed him as a student. Ustad Bismillah Khan & Satguru Jagjit Singh Ji had great mutual respect for each other. In 1999 he adopted two more tarshenai students, named Kirpal Singh and Gurbaksh Singh Namdhari.
Personal life
On August 17, 2006, Khan was taken ill and admitted to the Heritage Hospital, Varanasi for treatment. He died after four days on August 21, 2006 due to a cardiac arrest. He is survived by five daughters, three sons and a large number of grandchildren and great-grandchildren, and his adopted daughter Dr Soma Ghosh (famous Hindustani shastriya sangeet exponent)
The Government of India declared a day of national mourning on his death. His body along with a Shehnai was buried at Fatemain burial ground of old Varanasi under a neem tree with 21-gun salute from Indian Army.
Awards and recognitions
|Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Bismillah Khan|
- Bharat Ratna (2001)
- Fellow of Sangeet Natak Akademi (1994).
- Talar Mausiquee from Republic of Iran (1992).
- Padma Vibhushan (1980)
- Padma Bhushan (1968)
- Padma Shri (1961)
- Sangeet Natak Akademi Award (1956)
- Tansen Award by Govt. of Madhya Pradesh.
- Three medals in All India Music Conference, Calcutta (1937)
- "Best Performer" in All India Music Conference, Allahabad (1930)
Bismillah Khan had honorary doctorates from
- Was invited by the then Prime Minister of India Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru to play shehnai on the first Independence Day (August 15, 1947) in Delhi's Red Fort.
- Participated in World Exposition in Montreal
- Participated in Cannes Art Festival
- Participated in Osaka Trade Fair
- His 80th birthday was celebrated by World Music Institute in New York
- Sanaadi Appanna - Played shehnai for Rajkumar's role in the movie.
- Goonj Uthi Shehnai (1959) - Provided shehnai
- Maestro's Choice (February 1994)
- Megh Malhar, Vol. 4 (the other piece in the album is by Kishori Amonkar) (September 1994)
- Live at the Queen Elizabeth Hall (September 2000)
- Live in London, Vol. 2 (September 2000)
- Bismillah Khan: the shehnai maestro, by Neeraja Poddar. Rupa & Co., 2004. ISBN 81-_PHONE_-6.
- Monograph on Shehnai maestro Bismillah Khan, by Amar jyoti, Shivnath Jha, Alok Jain, Anjali Sinha. Pub. Neena Jha & Shivnath Jha, 2005. ISBN _PHONE_.
- Bismillah Khan and Benaras: the seat of shehnai, by Rita Ganguly. Siddhi Books, 1994.
- Shahnai Vadak Ustad Bismillah Khan, by Murli Manohar Shrivastava. Prabhat Prakashan, 2009. ISBN 173157359.
- Bismillah Khan: The Maestro from Benaras, by Juhi Sinha. Niyogi Books, 2011. ISBN 978-81-89738-91-4.
- "Virtuoso musician who introduced the shehnai to a global audience". The Independent. 22 August, 2006. Retrieved January 08, 2013.
- "Indian music's soulful maestro". BBC News. August 21, 2006. Retrieved 2010-01-01.
- "Bismillah Khan". The Telegraph. 22 August, 2006. Retrieved January 10, 2013.
- Bismillah Khan: The Shehnai Maestro by Neeraja Poddar, Rupa & Co., New Delhi, 2004.
- "Rediff Slides on Ustad Bismillah Khan". Retrieved 2006-08-21.
- "BBC on Ustad Bismillah Khan". BBC News. 2006-08-21. Retrieved 2006-08-21.
- YouTube - Bismillah Khan Performs Music For Guru Maharaji Prem Rawat
- "Ustad Bismillah Khan hospitalised". Times of India. 2006-08-17. Retrieved 2007-03-13.
- "Bismillah Khan". Personalities. webindia123.com. Retrieved 2007-03-13.
- "India mourns legendary musician". BBC.


text:
In 1977, the twelve First Nations located in central and northern Saskatchewan established a political alliance which they named the Prince Albert District Chiefs (PADC). The alliance went through a number of name changes over the next thirty years: PADC became PATC (Prince Albert Tribal Council) and then PAGC (Prince Albert Grand Council).
The signatories to the PAGC Act are divided into the following Sectors:
- Black Lake
- Fond du Lac
- Hatchet Lake
- Cumberland House
- Red Earth
- Shoal Lake
- James Smith
- Sturgeon Lake
Woodland Cree Sector:
- Lac La Ronge
- Montreal Lake
- Peter Ballantyne
The Member First Nations/Bands assumed a principled approach early in their association and agreed that the following principles would define their working relationship:
PRINCIPLE I: FIRST NATIONS/BANDS GOVERNMENT JURISDICTION, LAWS AND POLICIES
To promote and protect Member First Nation/Band Governments through the establishment of Grand Council structures and supporting institutions in accordance with the principle of the primacy of the Member First Nation/Band governments and the Treaties.
PRINCIPLE II: TREATY PROTECTION
To promote and protect the rights of Member First Nations/Bands as represented herein, including rights accrued to the parties hereto, resulting from the international Treaties which were entered into between the First Nations/Bands and the Crown of Great Britain and of Ireland, their heirs and successors, as represented by the Governments of the People of Canada, and upon the Government and People of the Member First Nations/Bands as herein represented. The Treaties shall be interpreted according to their spirit and intent as understood by the Member First Nations/Bands.
PRINCIPLE III: PROMOTION OF FIRST NATIONS/BANDS RIGHTS
To promote the betterment of sovereign indigenous Peoples by advancing their well-being, languages, education, health, economic, spiritual, cultural, land, natural resources and political rights.
PRINCIPLE IV: REPRESENT COMMON ISSUES
To develop a common action plan on matters of mutual interest to the First Nations/Bands, Tribal Councils and the Prince Albert Grand Council.
PRINCIPLE V: PROMOTE JURISDICTION
To recognize and affirm each Member First Nation's/Band's jurisdiction and territory and to promote the exercise of that jurisdiction over those territories.
PRINCIPLE VI: PRIMACY OF MEMBER FIRST NATIONS/BANDS
The terms and conditions of this Convention shall not be construed to mean that any rights, powers, or jurisdiction of the Member First Nations/Bands who are parties to this Convention are affected in any way, shape or form, unless with the consent of the parties hereto, and that no rights or powers shall be created for the Prince Albert Grand Council or the Federation of Saskatchewan Indian Nations without the ratification of all the Member First Nations/Bands.
PRINCIPLE VII: MEMBER FIRST NATIONS/BANDS CONSTITUTIONS / CONVENTIONS
The Member First Nations/Bands agree to establish their own constitutions/conventions outlining the said powers, rights, and obligations inherent in their traditional values and customs.
PRINCIPLE VIII: GOVERNING BODIES OF PRINCE ALBERT GRAND COUNCIL
The Member First Nations/Bands of the Prince Albert Grand Council agree to establish the Council of Chiefs and the Annual Assembly as the governing bodies of the Prince Albert Grand Council for the purpose of developing or adopting laws consistent with the duties and powers delegated to them by the Member First Nations Band.
PRINCIPLE IX: POWERS, DUTIES, AND RESPONSIBILITIES
The Prince Albert Grand Council will have the following delegated powers, duties and responsibilities subject to the limitations imposed by the Member First Nations/Bands;
- to protect and strengthen Member First Nations'/Bands' inherent right to self government as bestowed by the Creator;
- to protect, defend, preserve, and reclaim First Nations/Bands traditional territories and resources;
- to safeguard and promote the implementation of Treaties and other international agreements entered into by Member First Nations/Bands;
- to safeguard and promote the special relationship with the Crown as established by Treaty and recognized and affirmed by the Canadian Constitution 1982;
- to initiate dialogue, develop working relations, and negotiate with other First Nation/Band governments and other governments based upon the principles enunciated in this Convention;
- to plan, develop, and establish policies, regulations, and procedures to execute decisions made by Council;
- to hold in trust and safeguard any and all acquired property for the benefit of the Member First Nations/Bands as established by various executive, legislative and judicial acts and trust instruments;
- to report annually to each Member First Nation/Band and to account for all political and fiscal action undertaken by the Prince Albert Grand Council. These continue to guide the Chiefs in their deliberations with respect to common issues.
The Chiefs of the Member First Nations/Bands and their terms of office over the thirty year history [as provided by Indian Affairs] include:
Black Lake Denesuline First Nation
- Alphonse, Leon - (July 7, 1982 - Feb. 3, 1983)
- Boneleye, Edwin - (Jan. 9, 1999 - Jan. 8, 2001)
- Cook, Leon - (July 8, 1977 - July 6, 1980)
- Cook Thomas Leon - (July 7, 1980 - July 6, 1982)
- Echodh, Victor - (Jan. 20, 2001 - Dec. 22, 2003)
- Robillard, Ronald Albert - (Aug. 23, 1996 - Jan. 8, 1999)
- Robillard, Daniel - (Sept. 20, 1984 - June 19, 1987),( Jan. 10, 1992 - Oct. 4, 1994)
- Sayazie, Donald - (June 20, 1987 - Jan. 9, 1992),( Oct. 5, 1994 - Aug. 22, 1996)
- Toutsaint, Ben - (Feb. 4, 1983 - Sept. 19, 1984)
- Throassie, Frederick - (May 28, 2004 - June 12, 2008)
Cumberland House Cree Nation
- Laliberte, Joseph - (May 7, 1981 - May 30, 1983), (May 31, 1983 - May 23, 1985), (May 24, 1985 - Sept. 4, 1986)
- Laliberty, Peter - (Apr. 16, 2003 - Apr. 15, 2005)
- Settee, Pierre - (April 12, 1977 - April 11, 1979),( April 12, 1979 - May 6, 1981),( Sept. 5, 1986 - June 4, 1987),( June 5, 1987 - June 8, 1989),( June 9, 1989 - June 3, 1991),( June 4, 1991 - May 25, 1993),( May 26, 1993 - May 25, 1995),( June 2, 1995 - Mar. 14, 1997),( May 15, 1997 - Mar. 14, 1999),( Mar. 25, 2001 - Mar. 24, 2003)
- Sewap, Walter George - (Mar. 24, 1999 - Mar. 14, 2001),( Mar. 31, 2005 - Mar. 30, 2007)
Fond du Lac Denesuline First Nation
- Adam, Alan Billy - (Dec. 17, 2004 - Aug. 7, 2005)
- Adam, Germain - (???? - July 7, 1980 )
- Fern, George - (Mar. 28, 1987 - Aug. 11, 1987),( Apr. 2, 1992 - Apr. 5, 1993)
- Fern, Pierre - (July 6, 1976 - June 18, 1979)
- Fern, Victor Donald - (Sept. 9, 2005 - Sept. 2007)
- Isadore, Caroline - (Mar. 16, 1996 - Oct. 24, 1996),( Oct. 25, 1996 - Oct. 24, 1997),( Nov. 3, 1997 - July 21, 1998)
- Marten, Isadore (Edward) - (July 1, 1999 - June 30, 2001),( Aug. 10, 2001 - Aug. 7, 2003),( Aug. 9, 2003 -Oct. 11, 2004)
- Marten, Joe - (Apr. 6, 1993 - Aug. 16, 1993)
- Mercredi, Adolphus - (Mar. 17, 1981 - Apr. 21, 1985),( Apr. 22, 1985 - Aug. 8, 1985),( Jan. 31, 1994 - Aug. 2, 1995)
- Mercredi, August - (June 19, 1979 - Mar. 21, 1980


text:
It was not my intention to blog on Marathon today, because I did not want to resemble those innumerates who believe that today, it's 2,500 years ago (please wait another year). But chance has a sense of irony: yesterday, I met a colleague who had spent some time in Kynouria, Greece, and had visited the nearby villa of Herodes Atticus (c.102-177). He told me that there was an inscribed column over there that recorded the names of people killed during the battle of Marathon. The alphabet used is the old Athenian one, which was in use prior to 403 BCE, and it is likely that the inscription comes from a monument from the plain of Marathon.
So far, so good. It is certainly possible that Herodes Atticus, who owned a country estate near Marathon and claimed descent from Miltiades, used part of a fifth-century monument in another villa. However, if we are to believe this article, Herodes Atticus put something back after he had taken away (parts of) an old monument: he constructed the funeral mound that is now the main monument. This would explain why Pausanias does not mention the tomb, and also fits the antiquarianism of the second century.
To be fair, I think the theory is worth a thought, but nothing more. I would like to see some additional proof.