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Long John Silver
|Long John Silver|
|Treasure Island character|
|Created by||Robert Louis Stevenson|
In Treasure Island, Long John Silver is a pirate who was quartermaster under the notorious Captain Flint. Long John Silver had a pet parrot called Captain Flint, often seen sitting on his shoulder where she would nibble on seeds. Silver's importance to the late Captain Flint can be seen in that fact that a quartermaster on a pirate ship ranked higher than any officer except the captain himself, and that a quartermaster could also veto the captain's decisions whenever the ship was not in a battle. The quartermaster was elected by the crew and one of his tasks was to lead the boarding party from the quarterdeck during boarding attacks. Silver claims to have served in the Royal Navy and lost his leg under "the immortal Hawke". "His left leg was cut off close by the hip, and under the left shoulder he carried a crutch, which he managed with wonderful dexterity, hopping about upon it like a bird. He was very tall and strong, with a face as big as a ham – plain and pale, but intelligent and smiling." He claims to have been the only man whom Flint ever feared. Like many of Stevenson's characters, there is more than a modicum of duality in the character; ostensibly Silver is a hardworking and likeable seaman, and it is only as the plot unfolds that his villainous nature is gradually revealed. His relationship with Jim Hawkins, the novel's protagonist, is interesting, as he serves as a mentor and eventually father-figure to Jim, creating much shock and emotion when it is discovered that he is in charge of the mutiny, and especially when Jim must confront and fight him later on. Although willing to change sides at any time in the interests of his own survival, Silver has compensating virtues: he is wise enough to pay attention to money management, in contrast to the spendthrift ways of most pirates, and is physically courageous despite his disability; for instance, when Flint's cache is found to be empty, he coolly stands his ground against five grown men despite having only Hawkins to back him.
Historians[who?] have noted that Silver's account of his life experiences during the first half of the 18th century is at variance with the history of the characters he mentions, and that Silver is either exaggerating the range and scope of his exploits for the benefit of Jim Hawkins or for potential pirates he is trying to recruit, or his memory is faulty.
When Silver escapes at the end of the novel, he takes "three or four hundred guineas" of the treasure with him, thus becoming one of only two former members of Captain Flint's crew to get his hands on a portion of the recovered treasure; a separate cache of bar silver is apparently left on the island. (The repentant maroonee Ben Gunn is the other, but he spends all 1,000 pounds in nineteen days.) Jim's own ambivalence towards Silver is reflected in the last chapter, when he speculates that the old pirate must have settled down in comfortable retirement: "It is to be hoped so, I suppose, for his chances of comfort in another world are very small."
Stevenson's portrayal of Silver has greatly influenced the modern iconography of the pirate. Silver has a parrot, named Captain Flint in mockery of his former captain, who generally perches on Silver's shoulder, and is known to chatter pirate phrases like "Pieces of Eight," and "Stand by to go about." Silver uses the parrot as another means of gaining Jim's trust, by telling the boy all manner of exciting stories (many of them likely fake) about the parrot's buccaneer history. "'Now that bird,' Silver would say, 'is, may be, two hundred years old, Hawkinsthey live forever mostly, and if anybody's seen more wickedness it must be the devil himself. She's sailed with Englandthe great Cap'n England, the pirate. She's been at Madagascar, and at Malabar, and Surinam, and Providence, and Portobello... She was at the boarding of the Viceroy of the Indies out of Goa, she was, and to look at her you would think she was a babby."
He is married to a woman of African descent, whom he trusts to manage his business affairs in his absence and to liquidate his Bristol assets when his actions make it impossible for him to go home. He confides in his fellow pirates, that he and his wife plan to rendezvous after the voyage to Skeleton Island is complete and Flint's treasure is recovered, at which point Silver will retire to a life of luxury.
According to Stevenson's letters, the idea for the character of Long John Silver was inspired by his real-life friend William Henley, a writer and editor. Stevenson's stepson, Lloyd Osbourne, described Henley as "...a great, glowing, massive-shouldered fellow with a big red beard and a crutch; jovial, astoundingly clever, and with a laugh that rolled like music; he had an unimaginable fire and vitality; he swept one off one's feet". In a letter to Henley after the publication of Treasure Island Stevenson wrote: "I will now make a confession. It was the sight of your maimed strength and masterfulness that begot Long John Silver...the idea of the maimed man, ruling and dreaded by the sound, was entirely taken from you".
Modern portrayals
Actors who have portrayed Long John Silver in the various motion picture adaptations of Treasure Island include Wallace Beery, Ivo Garrani, Orson Welles, Charlton Heston, Eddie Izzard, Lance Henriksen, Robert Newton, Anthony Quinn, Tim Curry, Jack Palance, Brian Murray, Oleg Borisov, Boris Andreyev and British actor Ivor Dean in a televised version of the novel. Robert Newton followed up his two Long John Silver movies with an Australian-produced TV series.
Ivor Dean played the character in an acclaimed European 4-part mini-series in 1966. He intended to reprise the role in another series with more adventures of Silver. He began writing it with director Robert S. Baker, but his sudden death in 1974 stopped all further plans. In 1985, this script was used as foundation for a Disney 10-part TV-series called Return to Treasure Island, starring Brian Blessed in the role of Long John Silver.
John Silver was also the protagonist in Björn Larsson's fictional autobiography of the character, Long John Silver: the True and Eventful History of My Life of Liberty and Adventure as a Gentleman of Fortune and Enemy to Mankind (ISBN 1-86046-538-2 respectively 91-7263-285-2). The novel was first published in Sweden in 1995.
Silver is the main character in Silver—My Own Tale As Told By Me With A Goodly Amount Of Murder by Edward Chupack (ISBN 978-0-312-53936-8).
In popular culture
In anime and manga
- The 1978 Japanese series Takarajima portrayed John Silver as a tall blond man.
In film and television
- Charles Ogle, who also played the Frankenstein Monster in Edison's 1910 film, played Silver in a 1920 silent film of Treasure Island, which also starred Lon Chaney.
- Wallace Beery was the first speaking Long John Silver in the 1934 filmn version of Treasure Island.
- Robert Newton became the definitive Long John Silver in the 1950 Disney live-action film version of Treasure Island.
- Long John Silver, a 1954 film, starred Robert Newton once again as the title character (which he also played in the 1957 television series The Adventures of Long John Silver).
- In the 1958 television series The Adventures of Ben Gunn, Silver was played by Peter Wyngarde.
- John Silver is depicted in L'ile aux tresors, a movie by Alain Berberian; the cast includes Gerard Jugnot and Alice Taglioni.
- In the 1986 Disney mini-series Return to Treasure Island, Brian Blessed played Silver.
- Tim Curry portrayed Long John Silver in the 1996 film Muppet Treasure Island.
- Charlton Heston portrayed a much darker Long John Silver in the 1999 Made-for Television Treasure Island.
- In one of his last film appearances, Jack Palance portrayed Long John Silver in the 1999 film version of Treasure Island.
- Long John Silver is voiced by Jim Cummings in the movie The Pagemaster.
- The 2002 Disney film Treasure Planet, an animated science fiction adaptation of Treasure Island, depicts "John Silver" as a cyborg, voiced by Brian Murray.
- Pornographic actor Long Dong Silver took his stage name from Long John Silver.
- Hector Barbossa from Pirates of the Caribbean is similar to Long John Silver. He owned a monkey named after his previous captain Jack Sparrow, and was referred to as the "one-legged man" in Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides.
In literature
- Porto Bello Gold is a prequel novel to Treasure Island written in 1924 by Arthur D. Howden Smith
- Long John Silver is a Franco-Belgian comics series written by Xavier Dorison, illustrated by Mathieu Laufray and published by Dargaud in French and Cinebook in English.
- John Silver, a fictional space pirate with mechanical leg who appears in the Italian comic book Nathan Never, was inspired by Long John Silver.
- According to J. M. Barrie's play Peter Pan, Captain Hook was the only man whom Silver ever feared


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An anti-tank mine, (abbreviated to "AT mine"), is a type of land mine designed to damage or destroy vehicles including tanks and armoured fighting vehicles.
Compared to anti-personnel mines, anti-tank mines typically have a much larger explosive charge, and a fuse designed only to be triggered by vehicles or, in some cases, tampering with the mine.
More modern anti-tank mines are usually more advanced than simple containers full of explosives detonated by remote or the vehicles pressure. The biggest advances were made in the following areas:
* Power of the explosives (explosives such as RDX).
* Shaped charges to increase the armour piercing effect.
* Advanced dispersal systems.
* More advanced or specific detonation triggers.
Most modern mine bodies or casings are made of plastic material to avoid easy detection. They feature combinations of pressure or magnetically activated detonators to ensure that they are only triggered by vehicles.
There are several systems for dispersing mines to quickly cover wide areas, as opposed to a soldier laying each one individually. These system can take the form of cluster bombs or be artillery fired. Cluster bombs contain several mines each, which could be a mixture of anti-personnel mines. When the cluster bomb reaches a preset altitude it disperses the mines over a wide area. Some anti-tank mines are designed to be fired by artillery, and arm themselves once they impact the target area.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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With the aim of promoting actions in defense of human rights, reflection and practice of respect for human dignity, the Global Embassy of Activists for Peace (GEAP) in El Salvador, carried out the Educational School Workshop Educating to Remember - The Holocaust Paradigm of Genocide, on March 19, 2018, in the Educational Complex of the Swiss Confederation of San Miguel.
As part of the day, the participants: students of the 2nd year, section C, made peace proposals in defense of human rights. Among these the proposal presented by the student Vanessa Aracely Aguilera, who raised the realization of a talk on values and human rights for students in the third cycle.
The approach was reviewed by the teacher Francisca Saraí Ramírez and approved by directors of the Arístides Ventura Educational Complex.
Impartiendo en alumnos del nivel educativo de Tercer Ciclo
Execution of the proposal
On May 23, the peace proposal was implemented in the institution, where six second-year high school students developed the activity "Talks on values and Human Rights with the help of teaching materials" to the 7th, 8th and 9th grade students.
In this educational space, the speakers discussed the importance of principles, universal values and human rights. During their presentation the students presented posters and banners with positive messages that motivate the execution of actions in favor of peace.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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How can I embed Python into a Windows application?
The easiest way to embed a Python interpreter in a Windows application is to use a standard Python DLL (e.g. python25.dll), and link it into your application. By using a standard DLL, you can use both Python modules and existing extension modules with your application.
To link the DLL into your application, you can either use an import library (the python.org distribution includes import libraries in the./libs directory), or use LoadLibrary to load the DLL on the fly, and use GetProcAddress to dig out the necessary API functions. The latter is more work, but can give you a more flexible solution (e.g. you can make your application work even if no Python DLL is available, or even support multiple Python versions with a single EXE).
For information on how to initialize and configure the embedded Python
interpreter, see the standard
Extending and Embedding the Python Interpreter (dead link) documentation.
If you mix compilers or run-time libraries, some Python API functions may not work properly. Most notably, functions that take FILE* arguments may crash or otherwise misbehave, and should be avoided. See the following article for more on this:
The Py_None macro sometimes causes similar problems, since it expands to a reference to a data structure (_Py_NoneStruct) that's defined inside the Python DLL. To create a new reference to Py_None without relying on _Py_NoneStruct, use:
object = Py_BuildValue("");


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If you have always liked the idea of having a pigeon that flies out and returns back each night then continue reading. We have created a short guide on how you can get pigeons to return with some useful tips on what to do.
- - You must first make sure you have the correct type of pigeon. You will need a homing or racing pigeon. Others that are just for show will not fly back from long distances. If unsure then ask a pigeon breeder or vet who know their information and how to differentiate between pigeons.
- - Build a loft that a pigeon can enter. There needs to be adequate space and room so that the pigeon can enter. You must make sure there is a large opening which they can detect and fly into. This should however be not so large that predators can enter. The birds should be locked away for their own safety.
- - Try and make a pigeon's habitat is as pleasant as possible so that the bird wants to return. If a pigeon is unhappy in it's environment then maybe when it leaves it will not return. Like your home, you want to find food, shelter and safety. This is why you return home each night. A pigeon follows the same procedure.
- - For the first 4 weeks you should keep them in the enclosed space without letting it out. Feed it properly with healthy and nutritious food at least twice a day.
- - After a while your pigeon should recognise that their home really is their home. Let it out of the loft and let it explore the surrounding neighbourhoods. After a while they should return home.
- - After 2 weeks of exploring at home, now you can go further. You should try a variety of locations such as north, east, south and west so they can set their bearings correctly. Also stagger the distance. First should be 1 mile then 2 miles then 5 and 10. Of course go within your birds limits. Homing pigeons are said to do well for up to 50 miles.
- - Try not to let your pigeons fly to early or it may say goodbye for ever.
- - Training older pigeons is not advised. They may have been trained before by another owner to return to a different loft and no matter what, they will always try to return there.
- - When releasing them try clear, sunny days to start with. If cloudy or windy it could harm the chances of the pigeons return.


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the state associated with the license plate listed on the in-car computer.
Average-speed cameras
This works by tracking vehicles' travel time between two fixed points, and calculating the average speed. These cameras are claimed to have an advantage over traditional speed cameras in maintaining steady legal speeds over extended distances, rather than encouraging heavy braking on approach to specific camera locations and subsequent acceleration back to illegal speeds.
The Netherlands
Average speed cameras (trajectcontrole) are in place in the Netherlands since 2002. As of July 2009, 12 such cameras are operating, mostly in the west of the country and along the A12. Some of these are divided in several "sections" to allow for cars leaving and entering the motorway.
A first experimental system was tested on a short stretch of the A2 in 1997 and was deemed a big success by the police, reducing overspeeding to 0.66%, compared to 5 to 6% when regular speed cameras were used at the same location. The first permanent average speed cameras were installed on the A13 in 2002, shortly after the speed limit was reduced to 80 km/h to limit noise and air pollution in the area. In 2007, average speed cameras resulted in 1.7 million fines for overspeeding out of a total of 9.7 millions. According to the Dutch Attorney General, the average number of violation of the speed limits on motorway sections equipped with average speed cameras is between 1 and 2%, compared to 10 to 15% elsewhere.
One of the most notable stretches of average speed cameras in the UK is found on the A77 road in Scotland, with 32 miles (51 km) being monitored between Glasgow and Ayr. In 2006 it was confirmed that speeding tickets could potentially be avoided from the 'SPECS' cameras by changing lanes and the RAC Foundation feared that people may play "Russian Roulette" changing from one lane to another to lessen their odds of being caught. However, in 2007 the system was upgraded for multi-lane use and in 2008 the manufacturer described the "myth" as "categorically untrue". There exists evidence that implementation of systems such as SPECS has a considerable effect on the volume of drivers travelling at excessive speeds; on the stretch of road mentioned above (A77 Between Glasgow and Ayr) there has been noted a "huge drop" in speeding violations since the introduction of a SPECS system.
Traffic control
Many cities and districts have developed traffic control systems to help monitor the movement and flow of vehicles around the road network. This had typically involved looking at historical data, estimates, observations and statistics such as:
- Car park usage
- Pedestrian crossing usage
- Number of vehicles along a road
- Areas of low and high congestion
- Frequency, location and cause of road works
CCTV cameras can be used to help traffic control centres by giving them live data, allowing for traffic management decisions to be made in real-time. By using ANPR on this footage it is possible to monitor the travel of individual vehicles, automatically providing information about the speed and flow of various routes. These details can highlight problem areas as and when they occur and helps the centre to make informed incident management decisions.
Some counties of the United Kingdom have worked with Siemens Traffic to develop traffic monitoring systems for their own control centres and for the public. Projects such as Hampshire County Council's ROMANSE provide an interactive and real-time web site showing details about traffic in the city. The site shows information about car parks, ongoing road works, special events and footage taken from CCTV cameras. ANPR systems can be used to provide average driving times along particular routes, giving drivers the ability to choose which one to take. ROMANSE also allows travellers to see the current situation using a mobile device with an Internet connection (such as WAP, GPRS or 3G), thus allowing them to be alerted to any problems that are ahead.
The UK company Trafficmaster has used ANPR since 1998 to estimate average traffic speeds on non-motorway roads without the results being skewed by local fluctuations caused by traffic lights and similar. The company now operates a network of over 4000 ANPR cameras, but claims that only the four most central digits are identified, and no numberplate data is retained.
- IEEE transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems(IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Society) published some papers on the plate number recognition technologies and applications.[relevant? ]
Electronic toll collection
Toll roads
Ontario's 407 ETR highway uses a combination of ANPR and radio transponders to toll vehicles entering and exiting the road. Radio antennas are located at each junction and detect the transponders, logging the unique identity of each vehicle in much the same way as the ANPR system does. Without ANPR as a second system it would not be possible to monitor all the traffic. Drivers who opt to rent a transponder for C$2.55 per month are not charged the "Video Toll Charge" of C$3.60 for using the road, with heavy vehicles (those with a gross weight of over 5,000 kg) being required to use one. Using either system, users of the highway are notified of the usage charges by post.
- The Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco, California began using an all-electronic tolling system combining Fastrak and ANPR on March 27, 2013.
- NC Quick Pass for the Interstate 540 (North Carolina) Triangle Expressway in Wake County, North Carolina
- Bridge Pass for the Saint John Harbour Bridge in Saint John, New Brunswick
- Quickpass at the Golden Ears Bridge, crossing the Fraser River between Langley and Maple Ridge
- CityLink & Eastlink in Melbourne, Australia
- Gateway Motorway and Logan Motorway, Brisbane, Australia
- FasTrak in California, United States
- Highway 6 in Israel
- Tunnels in Hong Kong
- Autopista Central in Santiago, Chile (site in Spanish)
- E-ZPass in New York, New Jersey, Massachusetts (as Fast Lane until 2012), Virginia (formerly Smart Tag), and other States. Maryland Route 200 uses a combination of E-ZPass and ANPR.
- TollTag in North Texas.
- I-Pass in Illinois
- Pike Pass in Oklahoma.
- OGS (Otomatik Geçiş Sistemi) used at Bosphorus Bridge, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge, and Trans European Motorway entry points in İstanbul, Turkey.
- M50 Westlink Toll in Dublin, Ireland
- Hi-pass in South Korea
- Northern Gateway, SH 1, Auckland, New Zealand
- Governor Albert D. Rosellini Bridge, Seattle, WA
|This section does not cite any references or sources. (December 2012)|
Portuguese roads have old highways with toll station where drivers can pay with cards and also lanes where there are electronic collection systems. However most new highways only have the option of Electronic Toll collection system. The Electronic Toll collection system comprises three different structures: ANPR which works with infrared cameras and reads license plates from every vehicle Lasers to measure the volumetry of the vehicle to confirm whether it is a regular car or if it is a Suv or truck as charges are very different RFID-like to read smart tags that cars can have installed. When the smart tag is installed, the car is quickly identified and owners bank account is automatically deducted. This process is realized at any speed up to over 250 km per hour. If the car does not have the smart tag, the driver is required to go to a pay station to pay the tolls between 3rd and 5th day after with a surplus charge. If he fails to do so, the owner is sent a letter home with a heavy fine. If this is not paid, it increases five-fold and after that, the car is inserted into a police database for vehicle impounding. This system is also used in some limited access areas of main cities to allow only entry from pre-registered residents. It is planned to be implemented both in more roads and in city entrance toll collection/access restriction. The efficacy of the system is considered to be so high that it is almost impossible for the driver to complain.
Charge zones – the London congestion charge
The London congestion charge is an example of a system that charges motorists entering a payment area. Transport for London (TfL) uses ANPR systems and charges motorists a daily fee of £10 paid before 10pm if they enter, leave or move around within the congestion charge zone between 7 a.m. and 6:00 p.m., Monday to Friday. A reduced fee of £9 is paid by vehicle owners who sign up for the automatic deduction scheme. Fines for traveling within the zone without paying the charge are £60 per infraction if paid before the deadline, doubling to £120 per infraction thereafter.
There are currently 1,500 cameras, which use Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) technology. There are also a number of mobile camera units which may be deployed anywhere in the zone.
It is estimated that around 98% of vehicles moving within the zone are caught on camera. The video streams are transmitted to a data centre located in central London where the ANPR software deduces the registration plate of the vehicle. A second data centre provides a backup location for image data.
Both front and back number plates are being captured, on vehicles going both in and out – this gives up to four chances to capture the number plates of a vehicle entering and exiting the zone. This list is then compared with a list of cars whose owners/operators have paid to enter the zone – those that have not paid are fined. The registered owner


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may not have access to formal approval of research to improve their safety, well-being or welfare. Alienated youth may not trust that their voices will be respected if official leadership is involved in approving the research.
Where divergent group interests within a community appear to be in conflict, problem-solving on site will be required to avoid deepening divisions or increasing the vulnerability of groups and individuals. The good offices of trustworthy persons who have moral authority in the community can often be enlisted to find ways to proceed with research that preserves respect for all parties. However, in some cases the risks involved simply outweigh the benefits to be derived from proceeding with the research.
Where alternatives to seeking approval of formal leaders are to be pursued, researchers should provide a rationale and document the nature of the process to be followed.
Article 9.8 Research that critically examines the conduct of public institutions or persons in authority may do so ethically, notwithstanding the usual requirement, in research involving Aboriginal peoples, of engaging representative leaders. In such cases care should be taken to ensure sensitivity to culture and community contexts.
Application The general provision that guidance for ethical conduct of research should be obtained through engagement with the relevant community should not be a bar to critical inquiry in which the objective may be to uncover unjust or ill-conceived behaviour on the part of public institutions or persons in authority. Considerations in conducting critical inquiry are discussed more fully in Article 3.6 of Chapter 3 ("Free and Informed Consent").
As in the case of research involving vulnerable subgroups within an Aboriginal community, critical inquiry will require creative approaches to ensure cultural appropriateness and integrity of the research. The Sisters in Spirit project of the Native Women's Association of Canada (NWAC) illustrates successful mounting of research that incorporates a critical dimension and multiple ways of validating goals and methods of the research.
The Sisters in Spirit Project is national in scope, interviewing the families of missing and murdered Aboriginal women in urban and rural settings, on and off First Nations territory. The purpose is to document the experience of the disappeared women and their families to effect policy change and improve the safety and well-being of Aboriginal women in Canada. The research is funded by Status of Women Canada and has been endorsed by resolution of the Assembly of First Nations. NWAC assumes responsibility for monitoring the ethical conduct of its researchers. The project examines, among other matters, the adequacy of public institutions and services to protect the women's well-being and support families in their efforts to deal with their losses. NWAC acts as its own ethical review body, builds on its established moral authority to investigate sensitive matters, welcomes endorsement by a national political organization, engages the cooperation of regional health directors where available, and informs local authorities of the presence of its researchers on First Nations territory.
Article 9.9 In the context of community-based research collaboration, researchers, research ethics boards and community partners should consider early in the design of the research how community protocols on data custody and confidentiality fit with provisions for privacy set out in Chapter 5 ("Privacy and Confidentiality") in order to resolve any inconsistencies.
Application Researchers should inform communities and individuals what arrangements are made in partnered research to respect privacy of individuals and communities.
Privacy and confidentiality of identifiable personal and community information may be affected in some First Nation communities by application of the principles of ownership, control, access and possession (OCAP) (see definition under Article 9.5). Negotiation of research agreements permits Aboriginal parties and academic researchers to explore the practical implications of the OCAP principles in First Nation communities or comparable principles operative in Inuit and Métis communities, to reach mutual accommodations. Where research agreements provide that community partners will have limited or full access to identifiable personal data, the consent of participants to such disclosure shall form part of the consent procedure.
Many Aboriginal communities are small and characterized by dense networks of relationships, with the result that anonymizing individual data is often not sufficient to mask identities. Some Aboriginal research participants are reluctant to speak to interviewers from their own community because of privacy concerns. Other participants, in qualitative studies or life histories, may wish to be acknowledged individually for their contributions. Communities themselves have distinguishing characteristics, which in some cases have compromised efforts to disguise the site of research and led to the communities' being stigmatized.
The Regional Health Survey administered by regional First Nations organizations has addressed the problem of balancing confidentiality and access by having communities designate a regional organization to hold data while local authorities make decisions on who can access the data and under what conditions. In practice, the organization that serves as data steward evaluates requests for information, and its recommendations to community authorities have considerable influence.
Privacy protections within the research context are evolving within the federal granting Agencies, with attention to harmonization with federal, provincial and territorial legislation. The Canadian Institutes for Health Research has published CIHR Best Practices for Protecting Privacy in Health Research. Accommodation of Aboriginal initiatives to maintain access to data for community use, applying principles such as OCAP, will be situated within the larger framework of law and policy to protect privacy.
Article 9.10 Researchers should consider, and research ethics boards should review, whether tangible or intangible cultural property of Aboriginal persons or communities is at risk of misuse or misappropriation when collected in the context of research involving Aboriginal participants or communities. Researchers should include measures to mitigate such risks of misuse or misappropriation in the research ethics review proposal.
Application Researchers should negotiate with communities mutual understandings of appropriate respect for cultural property including Indigenous knowledge, how to proceed with community review of findings, terms of ownership of research products, and any limits on publication of materials, including how intellectual property rights to research products will be assigned: whether to community sources, to researchers, or to both on a shared basis.
REBs should review the measures researchers put in place to recognize and protect Indigenous or local knowledge in the conduct of the project and the dissemination of findings.
Cultural property often does not fit the criteria of sole ownership, innovation and representation in a tangible work that are necessary to claim protection for intellectual property rights. National laws and international consensus on these issues are evolving. The definitions of tangible and intangible cultural property over which Indigenous peoples arguably have rights are broader than the definitions of intellectual property protected under national law and international agreements. Intangible cultural property, such as traditional knowledge of the medicinal properties of plants or traditional clothing design, that is collectively held is often regarded as "folk knowledge" that is available in the public domain and that may be adapted through commercial processes to produce marketable commodities without consent of the originators.
Researchers should afford the community an opportunity to react and respond to research findings before the completion of the final report, in the final report, or even in all relevant publications. (See Article 3.2 in Chapter 3 ["Free and Informed Consent"] on information disclosure.) Collaborative research reports are regarded as a product of both community and researcher contributions rather than the sole property of the researcher. Communities consider that their review and approval of reports and academic publications is essential to validate findings, protect against misinterpretation, and maintain respect for Indigenous knowledge, which may entail limitations on its disclosure. If disagreement arises between researchers and the community, researchers should afford the group an opportunity to make its views known, or they should accurately report any disagreement about the interpretation of the data in their reports or publications.
Article 9.11 Consistent with the general provisions set out in Chapter 5 ("Privacy and Confidentiality), secondary use of data collected initially for other purposes, from which personal identifiers have been removed, does not require research ethics board (REB) review. Secondary use of data that is identifiable as originating from a specific community, or a segment of the Aboriginal community at large, requires REB review and may warrant seeking culturally informed advice about protection of cultural property or representations of Indigenous knowledge or society.
Application The privacy of individual participants in research is normally protected by removing information that would identify them personally. Anonymized data are added to a data pool and are available for analysis and sometimes for secondary use.
As discussed in Chapter 5 ("Privacy and Confidentiality), access to data containing identifiable personal information may be needed for some types of research. For example, longitudinal studies require access to identifiable information contained in data banks, although consent for additional studies was not obtained from original informants and it may be impractical to obtain it subsequently. Such secondary usage requires REB review (see Articles 5.5 to 5.7 in Chapter 5 ["Privacy and Confidentiality"]), and the REB may allow a waiver of consent under certain conditions (see Article 3.8).
Misrepresentation of Aboriginal peoples, unauthorized use of data, and lack of reporting to communities on research outcomes have created ongoing sensitivity about secondary use of data collected for approved purposes. For example, members of Nuu-chah-nulth communities in British Columbia provided blood samples for research on rheumatic disease. They vigorously protested use of the blood components for subsequent genetic research that pronounced on their ancient origins and challenged traditional knowledge about their identity. There are additional fears in First Nation communities that general consent to use health data for purposes other than treatment will facilitate unauthorized government surveillance.
In light of sensitivity about harms ensuing from identification of communities, potential misuse of cultural property or misrepresentation of Indigenous knowledge when interpretation of data is no longer guided by community representatives, secondary use of data identifiable as originating from Aboriginal participants or communities should be subject to REB review. Any constraints imposed on use of the data in the original project should be noted if such information is available. Consistent with Article 5.6, the researcher should propose to the REB an appropriate strategy for securing agreement of the relevant individuals or group, or, if this is impossible or impracticable, there should be consultation with one or more organizations that are likely to represent the views and interests of the original participants.
Community benefit may include relevant knowledge, evidence-based policy and social


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Progression to secondary school, female (%)
Definition: Progression to secondary school refers to the number of new entrants to the first grade of secondary school in a given year as a percentage of the number of students enrolled in the final grade of primary school in the previous year.
Description: The map below shows how Progression to secondary school, female (%) varies by country. The shade of the country corresponds to the magnitude of the indicator. The darker the shade, the higher the value. The country with the highest value in the world is Belarus, with a value of 100.00. The country with the lowest value in the world is Burundi, with a value of 30.60.
Source: United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics.


If you use Firefox or Netscape 9 (or greater), you're in luck because I've compiled a big ol' list of QuickSearches you can use right now in your web browser.
What a QuickSearch does: You type a word in your address bar followed by a search phrase and ta-da, your search result appears. Very handy time saver.
 1. Download this file: pcmech.quicksearches (if it does not download, right click and "Save As")
 2. In Firefox or Netscape 9, click Bookmarks (at the top)
 3. Click Organize Bookmarks
 4. From the new window that appears, click File
 5. Click Import
 6. Choose From File
 7. Click Next
 8. Browse to where you downloaded the pcmech.quicksearches file and select it
 9. Click Open
You will now have a Bookmarks folder called PCMech.com QuickSearches. Any of these can be modified to your liking, or if you don't like them you can delete later (but I'm sure you'll keep them around!)
To test your QuickSearches, try typing map tampa florida in your Firefox/Netscape address bar, then press Enter. If Google Maps shows up with Tampa Florida shown, your QuickSearches are working!
Here's a list of all the QuickSearches and what they do. You might want to bookmark this page for later reference.
QuickSearch: ARCADE
Example use: arcade mortal kombat
What it does: Searches the Killer List of Video Games web site for arcade machines of past and present.
QuickSearch: ARCHIVE
Example use: archive microsoft.com
What it does: Searches the archives at archive.org for past versions of web sites.
QuickSearch: BLOG
Example use: blog iphone
What it does: Performs a Google Blog Search.
QuickSearch: BOOK
Example use: book wizard of oz
What it does: Performs a Google Book Search.
QuickSearch: D
Example use: d diatribe
What it does: Defines a word using the "define" operator in a Google Search.
QuickSearch: FIN
Example use: fin aapl
What it does: Performs a Google Finance Search.
QuickSearch: G
Example use: g pcmech
What it does: Performs a Google search.
QuickSearch: GROUP
Example use: group trs-80
What it does: Performs a Google Groups (i.e. Usenet newsgroups) search.
QuickSearch: ISO
Example use: iso ubuntu 7.04
What it does: Performs an isoHunt.com torrent search.
QuickSearch: MAP
Example use: map tampa florida
What it does: Searches Google Maps.
QuickSearch: NEWEGG
Example use: newegg ati radeon
What it does: Searches NewEgg.com for computer and electronic products.
QuickSearch: NEWS
Example use: news microsoft
What it does: Performs a Google News search.
QuickSearch: NOAA
Example use 1: noaa 33617
Example use 2: noaa tampa, fl
What it does: Searches NOAA for current weather reports.
QuickSearch: PCMECH
Example use: pcmech windows
What it does: Searches PCMech.com for articles, forum postings, etc.
QuickSearch: PIC
Example use: pic hot girl on beach
What it does: Performs a Google Image Search.
QuickSearch: PROD
Example use: prod game of life
What it does: Performs a Google Product Search.
QuickSearch: SCHOLAR
Example use: scholar einstein
What it does: Performs a Google Scholar Search.
QuickSearch: VID
Example use: vid funny cats
What it does: Performs a Google Video Search (checks multiple video sites)
QuickSearch: WHOIS
Example use: whois apple.com
What it does: Performs a Domain Tools domain lookup.
QuickSearch: WIKI
Example use: wiki spock
What it does: Performs a Wikipedia (English) search.
QuickSearch: WP
Example use: wp editor
What it does: Searches the WordPress Plugins database.
QuickSearch: WU
Example use 1: wu 33617
Example use 2: wu tampa florida
Example use 3: wu tampa fl
Example use 4: wu tpa
What it does: Performs a WeatherUnderground.com search.
QuickSearch: Y
Example use: y pcmech
What it does: Performs a Yahoo! Search.
QuickSearch: YOUTUBE
Example use: youtube united states of whatever
What it does: Performs a YouTube (only) search.
QuickSearch: ZIP
Example use: zip tampa fl
What it does: Performs a ZipInfo.com search for all zip codes for a specified town/state.


text:
Photo Credit: Scott Gravette
Scientific name: Carphophis amoenus ssp.
Other name: None
Description: There are two subspecies of worm snakes, Eastern worm snake Carphophis amoenus amoenus and Midwest worm snake Carphophis amoenus helenae. Worm snakes Carphophis amoenus ssp. are small secretive snakes only reaching 13 inches in length. They have a pointed head and very noted tiny black eyes. They also have a prominent sharp tip on the tail which is probably used for digging. The color varies from a dark brown to a pinkish brown on the back and almost always with a pinkish belly. Worm snakes greatly resemble earthworms which is how they got their name.
Distribution: The range of the worm snake is from Georgia across to Louisiana north to Illinois and east to Massachusetts. They are fairly common throughout most of Alabama, though they are seldom encountered.
Habitat: Worm snakes are fossorial in nature, in other words, they spend most of their life underground. They will also burrow into rotting logs and stumps, and can often be found under rocks. Worm snakes prefer damp forested soils with abundant leaf litter. However they can be found anywhere earthworms are found including fields and backyards.
Feeding Habits: The worm snake primarily eats earthworms. They will also feed on small salamanders, slugs, snails and insect larvae.
Life History and Ecology: Worm snakes spend the majority of their life underground or beneath rocks, logs and leaf litter. Very little is known about the life history of worm snakes because of their fossorial nature. They probably breed in spring and fall. One to eight eggs are laid under rocks or logs. They hatch in approximately seven weeks. The young are about 4 inches long and become full grown in 3 years. Predators include a variety of birds, small mammals, other snakes and even large salamanders and lizards.
Mirarchi, R.E., ed. 2004. Alabama wildlife. Volume 1. A checklist of vertebrates and selected invertebrates: Aquatic mollusks, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. The University of Alabama Press. Tuscaloosa, 209 pp.
Mount, Robert H. 1975. The Reptiles and Amphibians of Alabama. Auburn Printing Company, Auburn.
Author: Jim Schrenkel, Certified Wildlife Biologist, Alabama Division of Wildlife & Freshwater Fisheries.


text:
Model by IP UNKNOWN FAILURE Error
When you model a device by IP, the following error pops up:
Error creating the model in landscape <>:
Often the cause of this error is because the IP address being used is in the AutoDiscovery IP Exclusion List.
Check for the ip address in the IP Exclusion List:
1. Log into OneClick as an ADMIN user
2. Find and select the VNM model
3. Click on the Information tab
4. Find and expand the AutoDiscovery Control -> Modeling and Protocol Options subview
5. Check for the ip address in the IP Exclusion List
Please reference the "AutoDiscovery Control Subview" section of the documentation for more information.


text:
You can boot your Neo FreeRunner in the following ways:
- You can power it up into an Openmoko image directly (default, when powered-on for the first time).
- You can boot it into the U-Boot bootloader via NAND Flash.
- You can boot it into U-Boot via NOR Flash.
Booting the device into NAND and NOR Flash allows you to update the kernel and root filesystem.
Start the Openmoko Image
Press and hold Power button for about 8 seconds, until the Openmoko splash screen turns up. You may now release the Power button and the Neo FreeRunner will continue to boot into the Openmoko Image.
Log into U-Boot in the NAND Flash
- Press and hold Power button
- Then while still pressing the Power button, press and hold AUX button for 5 to 8 seconds.
- A boot menu will appear. This indicates the NAND flash has booted.
- Press the AUX button to select one of the options and then press the Power button to execute.
Log into U-Boot in the NOR Flash
This option is usually used by developers or when flashing (imaging) the FreeRunner.
- Press and hold the AUX button
- While still pressing the AUX button, press and hold the Power button.
- Then release the AUX button (not required?)
- You should see the boot menu for the NOR Flash. This means you have entered the NOR flash.
Flashing can be performed when the NOR boot menu is active.
There are six options you can choose when you log into the NOR Flash.
- Boot from MicroSD
- Set console to USB
- Set console to Serial
- Power off
If you cannot log into U-Boot in NAND flash then you can log into U-Boot in the NOR flash either.
|| NOTE: The term Logging in used in this context means to turn on the device using the described method, and leaving it at the U-Boot menu. To avoid the device automatically booting, tap the AUX key to move the selector bar. Note also that the device will not automatically turn off while flashing is in progress.


text:
Communication and Conflict Studies: Disciplinary Connections, Research Directions
This book explores relations between communication and conflict. How one thinks about communication is demonstrated as shaping how one approaches conflict, and vice versa. Individuals engaged in conflict transformation apply the tools and strategies of their field while communicating to widely divergent audiences. Professional communicators not only create an infinite range of documents to help ensure that work is accomplished effectively, efficiently, and safely, but also address conflicts in the workplace and in the public sphere. Thoughtfully exploring connections between communication studies and conflict studies, this collection engages with research and practice on topics including the potential of social media during revolution, the role of gender during mediation, and the importance of critical genre usage during industrial crisis.
Communication -- Social aspects. Peace. Communication and culture.
Department of Languages and Literatures
ix, 72 pages ; 21 cm.
Lamberti, Adrienne, "Communication and Conflict Studies: Disciplinary Connections, Research Directions" (2019). Faculty Book Gallery. 495.


text:
How does the sunlight affect the height of a plant
How does sunlight affect the color of a plant?
Certified GKH Gardening Expert
It also affects the height because sunlight is needed by the plant to produce energy. A plant uses that energy to build new cells, which are like building blocks. Without those building block like cells, the plant can not grow taller.
Sunlight affects the height of a plant because if it doesn't have any sunlight it will die because it only have water


text:
is put together and the necessary tools and materials are gathered.
Gridding the Site
Once a site has been excavated, it is gone forever. Because of this, archaeologists must record exactly where all of the artifacts and features on a site are located. Before any soil or artifacts are removed from a site, a site grid is created. A datum point, or fixed reference point from which all measurements are taken, is established and a rectangular grid is superimposed over the whole site. Each square in the grid is precisely measured and assigned a number. These squares are often referred to as units. This system allows the archaeologist to create a precise map of the site and to record the exact location of all the features and artifacts on the site.
Excavating a Unit
Archaeologists use a statistical sampling method to select which squares or units they will excavate. To begin they will collect surface artifacts, then remove any ground cover using a shovel and trowel. All soil removed from a unit is screened (sifted) to recover small artifacts and ecofacts whose exact location, both horizontally and vertically, is recorded. Artifacts from each unit are stored in plastic bags that are labeled with the site and excavation unit numbers and level. The unit may be dug in arbitrary levels (such as every 10 cm) or by following the natural stratigraphy (layers) of the unit. These short video clips show how to prepare a test unit for excavation. Phil Harding--of the popular British archaeology series "The Time Team"-- demonstrates the proper way to use a trowel to remove soil from a unit.
Over time both natural processes like the decay of organic matter, and cultural (caused by humans) processes, create soil layers. In cross section these soil layers resemble a layer cake, with the oldest layers on the bottom and the most recent layers on the top. This is called the Law of Superposition and is one of the most important principles in archaeology. Stratigraphy is the study of geological or soil layers that is used to determine the relative age of each layer. There are many factors that can disturb the stratigraphy on a site and make it hard to determine the relative ages of the layers. Look at how 4,000 years of natural and cultural processes can combine to create and disturb the stratigraphy on an archaeological site. Stratigraphy is one clue used by archaeologists to determine the relative age of an artifact or site. In the next section we will look t other ways of determining how old something is.
Back to top
In the Lab
Archaeologists spend much more of their time in the laboratory analyzing artifacts and data than they do in the field. In this section, you will learn how archaeologists analyze artifacts, features, and other information recovered in the field to help answer their research questions. During the investigative process, they also seek to learn when site was occupied, the purpose of the objects recovered, what the people ate, the kinds of structures they lived and worked in, with whom they traded, and much more. They may also look at how the site they are analyzing relates to other sites that are nearby or quite distant. The analysis will depend upon what research question the archaeologist began the project with.
"How old is it?"
There are a variety of techniques that can be used to find out how old an artifact or an archaeological site is. Stratigraphy can determine the relative age of soil layers and artifacts and can help us understand the order in which events occurred. However if an artifact of known age such as a coin with a mint date is found in a soil layer it can tell us when something occurred. Tree-ring dating, or dendrochronology is one of the oldest dating methods used by archaeologists. It is based on the principle that trees produce growth rings each year and the size of the rings will vary depending upon rainfall received each year. Archaeologists have built up long sequences of rings from tree trunks that extend back centuries. In the American Southwest tree ring dating goes back to 59 BC. Radiocarbon (C14) dating is the most widely used method to date objects made of organic matter. Potassium-argon dating can be used to date extremely old – up to 100,000 years old. Obsidian hydration dating is used on artifacts made from volcanic glass. This is just a sample of the many physical and chemical dating methods that archaeologists have used to date archaeological sites.
Artifacts are important sources of information for archaeologists. Artifacts can tell us about the diet, tools, weapons, dress, and living structures of people who made and used them. Recovered artifacts are washed, sorted and catalogued, and stored after they are brought back from the field. Archaeologists analyze individual artifacts but also may sort them into groups to see patterns. For example, they might weigh all of the oyster shells together or count all of the nails and consider them as one unit. Where artifacts are found on the site provides a clue to the kinds of activities that occurred such as stone tool or weapon production or food preparation. The type of material the artifact is made of is another important piece of information that can inform whether the materials were obtained locally or by trading with another group. Artifacts provide a window into the lives of peoples who lived before.
A feature shows human activity but unlike most artifacts it cannot be removed from the archaeological site. A feature might be a stain in the soil that is evidence of a former fence post. Photographs, drawings, and soil samples of the fence post collected by the archaeologist are part of the scientific record of that feature and are just as important as the nails and other artifacts that might be found nearby. Features like soil stains can reveal the outlines of prehistoric or historic structures such as houses and barns, or longhouses and earthen lodges. Other types of features include hearths (fire pits), storage pits, and middens –what archaeologists call garbage dumps! Privies (outhouses) are important features in historical archaeology sites because people used to dump their garbage as well as broken pottery and other housewares into them.
Back to top
Historical Research Techniques
In the Field
- Gridding An Archaeological Site
In this activity students establish a grid over an archaeologialsite and determine the location of artifacts within each grid.
- What's in the Soil?
Students cut out and identify illustrations of artifacts, and paste them into layers of soil to illustrate the stratigraphy found on an archaeological site.
How Old Is It?


text:
The relationship of critical thinking disposition and self-efficacy to work excitement among registered nurses in the practice setting
Date of Completion
Health Sciences, Nursing|Psychology, Industrial|Education, Curriculum and Instruction
Diminished economic resources and increased patient care responsibilities have dramatically altered the current environment of health care delivery. Some individuals have responded to the recent health care changes by becoming dissatisfied, demoralized, and ultimately leaving the practice setting. Others have continued to thrive professionally remaining excited and committed to their work. Nurses who have managed to maintain work excitement in these changing times may demonstrate attributes of critical thinking disposition and self-efficacy. ^ This investigation examined the independent variables of critical thinking disposition and self-efficacy to determine to what extent and in what manner these two constructs influence variation in work excitement. Data for this investigation was collected from registered nurses practicing in an urban healthcare facility in Connecticut. A demographic survey and three research instruments, the California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory, the General Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Work Excitement Survey were administered. A Pearson correlation-coefficient determined that a statistically significant relationship between the independent variables and work excitement existed. Multiple regression procedures determined that a combination of critical thinking skills and self-efficacy are more predictive of variance in work excitement than either critical thinking or self-efficacy examined individually. ^ The results of this investigation suggest that critical thinking disposition and self-efficacy may play an important role in the experience of work excitement for nurses. Specifically, the results of the California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory indicated that three sub-scale dispositions, Open-mindedness, Inquisitiveness and Confidence were significantly correlated with Work Excitement. When self-efficacy was entered into the model its influence outweighed that of critical thinking disposition. ^ Work excitement may be an important measure of the quality of life in an organization that provides patient care. Fostering a positive learning environment and encouraging the pursuit of advanced education in nursing may enhance work excitement, and increase self-efficacy and creativity in practice. Supportive experiences for nurses throughout their education and careers can reinforce a sense of mastery and positively influence the practice experience thus supporting better patient outcomes. ^
Glendon, Mary Ann DiTolla, "The relationship of critical thinking disposition and self-efficacy to work excitement among registered nurses in the practice setting" (2002). Doctoral Dissertations. AAI3050190.


text:
The Avid Reader Toolkit
Yesterday's winter storm was a fitting prelude to discussions of Snow Falling on Cedars during the Avid Reader Toolkit program. We opened with a fascinating presentation about Japanese culture and beliefs led by Masanouri Takeda, managing director of the Japan-America Society of West Michigan, and a member of the Reading Together Steering Committee. Mr. Takeda explained that Western culture's belief in God has developed "independent humans" seeking to avoid guilt. Japanese culture, on the other hand, has developed "social oriented humans" who seek to avoid shame. He went on to explain that the exclusion and incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II was particularly painful because it meant they were being separated from society.
Next, we delved into the book with Sherry Ransford Ramsdell, retired English teacher from Kalamazoo Central High School and longtime Reading Together volunteer. Ms. Ramsdell began by showing five types of conflict present in Snow Falling on Cedars, all of which are played out on many levels: Person vs person, person vs society, person vs nature, person vs self, and person vs machine. She praised David Guterson for his "well developed characters," which contribute to the book's complex dramatic tension. And even though the characters are developed to the point that readers may think they understand them well, the story is told from a limited omniscient perspective. You don't know everything, just a little. Because we are not given every character's thoughts and actions, we are treated to a wonderfully rich experience.
Snow Falling on Cedars


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in Education by
What about mathematics and computer science rank in maseno and is it advanced than computer science?
1 Answer
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by (59.0k points)
Are you asking whether computer science is better than mathematics in Maseno University? Your questions is not clear. However, if you are torn between doing mathematics or computer science then the best choice is what aligns with your career goals.
You might want clarify your question to make it understandable.


text:
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
|Title:||Modelling and experimentation on air hybrid engine concepts for automotive applications|
|Publisher:||Brunel University School of Engineering and Design PhD Theses|
|Abstract:||Hybrid powertrains that use compressed air to help power a vehicle could dramatically improve the fuel economy, particularly in cities and urban areas where the traffic conditions involve a lot of starts and stops. In such conditions, a large amount of fuel is needed to accelerate the vehicle, and much of this is converted to heat in brake friction during decelerations. Capturing, storing and reusing this braking energy to produce additional power can therefore improve fuel efficiency. In this study, three approaches towards air hybrid powertrains are proposed and analyzed. In the first approach, an energy recovery valve or two shut-off valves connected to a convenient access hole on the engine cylinder is proposed to enable the cylinder to operate as a regenerative compressor and/or expander when required. In the second approach, one of the exhaust valves in an engine equipped with a Fully Variable Valve Actuation (FVVA) system is pneumatically or hydraulically operated as a dedicated gas transfer valve connected to an air reservoir. The third approach combines the advantages of the conventional valvetrain's simplicity with emerging production technologies. In order to achieve this, two well established technologies are used in addition to valve deactivation; Variable Valve Timing (VVT) and/or Cam Profile Switching (CPS). Provided that a conventional, camshaft-operated variable valvetrain is used, the need of adopting fully variable valve actuation is eliminated and thus only minor modifications to the engine architecture are required. The aforementioned concepts are described in details. Some basic principles of their operation are also discussed in order to provide a better understanding on how fuel economy is achieved by means of engine hybridization and regenerative braking. Both experimental and computational results are presented and compared. Finally, a vehicle and driveline model, which simulates the operation of a typical passenger vehicle in urban driving conditions and predicts the efficiency of the energy regeneration, has been set up and used to study the effects of the application of each air hybrid concept on the vehicle's energy usage throughout the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) and the 10-15 driving cycle. The results have shown that each concept involves the optimization of valve timing for the best regenerative energy recovery and its subsequent usage. For the modelled vehicle, it has been shown that any of the three concept engines is capable of providing more braking power than needed during every deceleration and braking process, especially throughout the urban driving part of each cycle. The recovered braking energy in the form of compressed air has proved to be always sufficient to start the engine, if stop-and-start engine operation strategy is to be adopted. (Published in Jul 2007)|
|Description:||This thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University.|
|Appears in Collections:||Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering|
Dept of Mechanical Aerospace and Civil Engineering Theses
Items in BURA are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.


restrictions on the forms inside books
Major Section: BOOKS
Example Book:
; This book defines my app function and the theorem that it is
; associative. One irrelevant help lemma is proved first but
; it is local and so not seen by include-book. I depend on the
; inferior book "weird-list-primitives" from which I get
; definitions of hd and tl.
(in-package "MY-PKG")
(include-book "weird-list-primitives")
(defun app (x y) (if (consp x) (cons (hd x) (app (tl x) y)) y))
 (defthm help-lemma
 (implies (true-listp x) (equal (app x nil) x))))
(defthm app-is-associative
 (equal (app (app a b) c) (app a (app b c))))
The first form in a book must be (in-package "pkg") where "pkg" is some package name known to ACL2 whenever the book is certified. The rest of the forms in a book are embedded event forms, i.e., defuns, defthms, etc., some of which may be marked local. See embedded-event-form. The usual Common Lisp commenting conventions are provided. Note that since a book consists of embedded event forms, we can talk about the ''local'' and ''non-local'' events of a book.
Because in-package is not an embedded event form, the only in-package in a book is the initial one. Because defpkg is not an embedded event form, a book can never contain a defpkg form. Because include-book is an embedded event form, books may contain references to other books. This makes books structured objects.
When the forms in a book are read from the file, they are read with current-package set to the package named in the in-package form at the top of the file. The effect of this is that all symbols are interned in that package, except those whose packages are given explicitly with the ''::'' notation. For example, if a book begins with (in-package "ACL2-X") and then contains the form
 (defun fn (x)
 (acl2::list 'car x))
then defun, fn, x, and car are all interned in the "ACL2-X" package. I.e., it is as though the following form were read instead:
 (acl2-x::defun acl2-x::fn (acl2-x::x)
 (acl2::list 'acl2-x::car acl2-x::x)).
Of course, acl2-x::defun would be the same symbol as acl2::defun if the "ACL2-X" package imported acl2::defun.
If each book has its own unique package name and all the names defined within the book are in that package, then name clashes between books are completely avoided. This permits the construction of useful logical worlds by the successive inclusion of many books. Although it is often too much trouble to manage several packages, their judicious use is a way to minimize name clashes. Often, a better way is to use local; see local.
How does include-book know the definitions of the packages used in a book, since defpkgs cannot be among the forms? More generally, how do we know that the forms in a book will be admissible in the host logical world of an include-book? See certificate for answers to these questions.


text:
Outcomes Audits and the Value of in the Field Nurse Auditors
By: Paul Sutton | January 28, 2015
We have talked before about the importance of outcomes audits as part of an integrated market access strategy. Outcomes audits give biopharma highly detailed insight into how a care pathway for a specific patient population is functioning in the real world, and we believe that along with simulation modeling, health informatics and specialist market access services, outcomes audits are an essential tool for biopharma.
By combining centralized analysis of national data sets with hugely detailed local data, information can inform an action plan that can help identify and bridge gaps in a pathway, discover where stronger messaging needs to reach clinicians, and where adherence could be improved by providing additional patient support.
What makes outcomes audits so powerful is that they are so much more than merely data analysis. One way to carry out an audit is to use software and aim to discover insight through algorithms. This approach can be done anywhere, although it can often mean coldly manipulating data in a remote office. Instead, a first-hand approach is recommended – allowing for a more reliable analysis of real-world data with added context and room for flexibility.
The importance of being in the right place at the right time
Quintiles does have analysts working off-site, but much key work is done by in-the-field nurses working within a specific hospital or other healthcare unit. These nurses are highly qualified, have years of experience working in the NHS, and are now working with Quintiles in that same environment. This hands-on approach is what really sets the outcomes audit apart.
This is because it allows us to see what the clinical pathway looks like in reality and witness first-hand how patients journey through the system. We know that there are often significant variations in the way treatments are deployed through treatment pathways, and that patients and clinicians behave differently across the country.
Rather than simply channeling aggregated data into computer programs after a patient's episode has finished, the nurses get their insight directly from the clinicians and patients' records. Gathering data direct from patient notes to see what is being measured, recorded, and observed in real time will reveal subtleties that you simply cannot see from data that is aggregated in an automated fashion. It allows you to draw conclusions and decipher clinic-level information in a way you could never achieve from just looking at cold data sets after the event.
Part of the reason why this is so important is that the most valuable audit is one that analyzes and interprets data in the local context. Because the nurses are onsite, they can speak directly to clinicians – and sometimes even patients – and can go deeper than face value. Is there a reason why the data is throwing up a major anomaly? For example, does it really reflect unique patient behavior never seen outside this geography, or after speaking to clinicians; is it apparent that the variation was actually caused by inconsistent recording processes? Having this observational resource on the ground gives real depth to an audit, and I believe is invaluable if you want to truly understand how clinicians and patients are using a product.
How this fits into a wider market access strategy
So if in-the-field nurses help ensure exceptional quality data and insights from outcomes audits, how do the action plans they produce help maximize patient outcomes? By carrying out audits in a number of different centers in a number of different geographies, you can discover where patient care is being optimized by your drug. But equally, it will highlight were this isn't happening, showing you where a pathway needs to be strengthened or redesigned to bridge gaps that are acting as a barrier to uptake or adherence.
The action plans will also allow biopharma to align the rest of their market access strategy to what's really happening on the ground. It helps them ensure that patient support services they offer – or are planning to offer – will actually address the challenges they are designed to solve.
And of course, if biopharma truly understands where pathways need to be redesigned and where extra 'wrap-around' services are needed, this paves the way for joint-working with the NHS. Working in partnership is both cost effective, and helps built up a relationship of trust between the stakeholders, which is vital for a successful long term market access strategy.
To learn more about outcomes audits, including why this collaboration between biopharma and the NHS is so integral to improving real-world patient outcomes, you can:


Viking berserker
Viking Berserkers – Fierce Warriors or Drug-Fuelled Madmen?
Today, the word 'berserk' is used to describe anyone in an irrational, agitated state of mind who cannot or does not control his or her actions. The meaning of the word originates with the Viking berserkers, the fierce warriors who were known for battling in an uncontrollable, trance-like fury, and were alleged to be able to perform seemingly impossible super-human feats of strength. They would howl and growl like beasts, froth at the mouth, and launch an attack in a fit of frenzy.
Unruly Warrior Gang
It is proposed by some historians that by wearing the pelts, the warriors believed they could extract the power and strength from the animal.
The Torslunda helmet: Odin followed by a berserker ( public domain )
The fury of the berserkers would start with chills and teeth chattering and give way to a purpling of the face, as they literally became 'hot-headed', and culminating in a great, uncontrollable rage. They would bite into their shields and gnaw at their skin before launching into battle, indiscriminately injuring, maiming and killing anything in their path.
Dating back as far as the ninth century, the berserker Norse Warriors were said to be able to do things that normal humans could not. According to ancient legend, the berserkers were indestructible, and no weapon could break them from their trance. They were described as being immune to fire and to the strike of a sword, continuing on their rampage despite injury. The Icelandic historian and poet Snorri Sturluson (1179–1241 AD) wrote the following description of berserkers in his Ynglinga saga:
His (Odin's) men rushed forwards without armour, were as mad as dogs or wolves, bit their shields, and were strong as bears or wild oxen, and killed people at a blow, but neither fire nor iron told upon them.
It is believed that this account is partially true and that their trance-like state actually prevented them from feeling pain until after the battle.
A Úlfhéðnar (wolf warrior) berserker ( CC by SA 3.0 )
Tasters of Blood
The earliest known reference to the berserkers can be found in the 9 th century skaldic poem Hrafnsmál, which largely consists of a conversation between an unnamed valkyrie and a raven; the two discuss the life and martial deeds of King Harald Fairhair.
I'll ask of the berserks, you tasters of blood,
Those intrepid heroes, how are they treated,
Those who wade out into battle?
Wolf-skinned they are called. In battle
They bear bloody shields.
Red with blood are their spears when they come to fight.
They form a closed group.
The prince in his wisdom puts trust in such men
Who hack through enemy shields.
Possession, Sorcery or Drug-Fuelled Rage?
While some researchers believe the Berserkers simply worked themselves up into a self-induced hysteria before fighting, others maintain that it was sorcery, the consumption of drugs or alcohol, or even mental illness, that accounted for their behavior. Some botanists have claimed that berserker behavior could have been caused by the ingestion of alcohol, hallucinogenic mushrooms or the plant known as bog myrtle, one of the main spices in Scandinavian alcoholic beverages.
Other more esoteric theories surround supernatural beliefs. For instance, some scholars have claimed that the Vikings believed in spirit possession and that berserkers were possessed by the animal spirits of wolves or bears. According to some theorists, berserkers learned to cultivate the ability to allow animal spirits to take over their body during a fight (an example of animal totemism) that also involved drinking the blood of the animal that they wished to be possessed by.
In 1015, Jarl Eiríkr Hákonarson of Norway outlawed berserkers, and Grágás, the medieval Icelandic law code, and sentenced berserker warriors to outlawry. By the 12th century, organised berserker war-gangs had been completely disbanded.
Top image: Viking Berserker. Credit: Fernando Cortés / Adobe Stock
By Joanna Gillan
Berserkers – The Viking Site
Viking Warriors – Legends and Chronicles
Norse power: A brief look at Berserker rage – by Dr Mark Griffiths
Superhuman Strength during a Crisis - Skeptoid
The Viking Berserker – by Clinton Phang and Cameron Anderson
I doubt that consuming wolf's blood is conductive to good health (if the story is true). Adds the possibility it might have been due to some nasty bacteria and microbes. Maybe they literally had rabies?
Sound like PCP to anyone else?
It is commonly known that the germans gave drugs to their pilots and ground troops. These to give them higher senses and take away fear. Guess the same priciple as for beserkers.
Little is known about the Vikings as written records were documented a few hundred years after the so called "facts" happened. Not everything that the north men achieved in the eighth century to the eleventh century can be blamed on drugs lol.
I has entered a state of berzerk before at a young age never used any drugs, all that was there was over whelming anger pointed at someone that pushed me down on purpose.
I was enraged I felt spikes of energy in my veins and my mind blurred one thought lingered hurt him every thing went blank, when I came too I was on top of him my fist pull downwards someone has my arm they lifted me up I was very very tired.
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- Berberis thunbergii is a small deciduous shrub from 2-8 ft. (0.6-2.4 m) tall. The thin, grooved branches have thin, straight spines. Berberis thunbergii is very shade-tolerant and can form dense stands which shade out and displace native species.
- The leaves are up to 1 in. (24 mm) long and paddle-shaped.
- The pale-yellow flowers occur in drooping clusters of 2-5 and develop in mid-spring to early summer.
- The berries ripen to a bright red color and are 0.25-0.3 in. (7-10 mm) long.
- Ecological Threat
- Berberis thunbergii invades a variety of habitats from shaded woodlands to open fields and wetlands. Berberis thunbergii is rapidly spread by birds that eat the berries thus dispersing the seeds. It is native to Asia and was first introduced into The United States in 1864 as an ornamental. It is still widely planted for landscaping and hedges.
Zouhar, Kris. 2008. Berberis thunbergii, Fire Effects Information System, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory
Global Invasive Species Database. 2011. Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) of the IUCN Species Survival Commission
Virginia Tech Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
University of Connecticutt Database of Trees, Shrubs and Vines
Plant Conservation Alliance's Alien Plant Working Group
Minnesota Department of Natural Resources
Invasive Plant Atlas of New England
University of Florida IFAS Extension
CABI Invasive Species Compendium
Ohio State University
USDA NRCS PLANTS
USDA ARS GRIN
Images from Bugwood.org


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We are proud to have:
- Facilitated the development of 800+ Peer Support workers. Peer Support Workers are people with lived experience recruited, trained, placed, and supported, employed in local mental health services
- Helped establish 40+ Recovery Colleges in England, Ireland, Italy, Australia and Hong Kong. Recovery colleges are places where people with lived experience, professionals, carers and others can learn together to construct new meaning from their experiences
- Introduced new ways of thinking about the assessment and management of risk. Moving from the perspective of 'risk' to one of 'safety'.
- Reduced the use of physical restraint and forcible medication on acute wards ('No Force First') improving quality of care and decreasing staff stress.
- Supported hundreds of clinical teams to critically assess current practice and develop a more recovery focused culture using TRIPs.
- Inspired organisations to think carefully about workforce issues – how to recruit, who to recruit, how to support staff and how to enable all staff to use lived and life experience in their work.
- Developing new understandings and practices in coproduction – facilitating constructive conversations across traditional boundaries.
- Began collating baseline data on recovery practice across England. On 1 December each year we ask for colleagues and clients across the country to complete a short on-line census to collectively develop a national picture of recovery in England.


Book – The Sinister Jezebel Spirit
wordswag_1551376646665STOP TOLERATING JEZEBEL! Have you wondered how people, who seem as sweet as pie, are often filled with a hellish personality and agenda? At heart, within their subtle skill, lies a hidden strategy, designed by Satan himself. This spirit comes, to hinder your life and ministry. We have all been disappointed by relationships, but with prayer and discernment, you can arm yourself to defeat this spirit sent to take you down or out.
Jezebel was a Phoenician princess who married Ahab, king of Israel. By acquiescing to her idolatry, King Ahab broke the first two commandments:
"You shall have no other gods before Me. You shall not make for yourself a carved image—any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth; you shall not bow down to them nor serve them" (Ex. 20:3–5).
Baal worship gives us clues as to the workings of Jezebel. The name Baal means "lord" or "possessor." Baal was the sun-god of Phoenicia, and the supreme deity among the Canaanites and other pagan nations. " In Greek mythology, Baal is the equivalent of Zeus
7 WAYS TO BREAK THIS SPIRIT: (There are many more in the book)
Since these individuals usually have achieved some level of authority, only someone who outranks them, or a group effort will work. If you are a woman, you need to be strong and self-confident. If you are a man, you need to be the same. Do not be influenced by threats or tears form a woman. You also need to have enough male hormone to stand up to her. Also, if you are a man, and this is your wife, be sure the men in your support group can be trusted with her.
1. Be sure you are not enabling this person. Do not be an "Ahab"
2. Gather facts about the person's activity and behavior, be able to prove it.
3. Start by addressing real behavior. Don't start by telling someone "they have a spirit."
4. Be prepared to question the person on why they behave that way.
5. Make a list of wrongs. Be prepared with evidence.
6. Confront the person with the facts. – expect denial. They will lie through their teeth!!
The Sinister Jezebel Spirit!


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Cité épiscopale d'Albi
Built in the middle of the 11th century, the Pont-vieux (old bridge), 150 metres long, contributed to the urban and commercial development of the town.
In the Middle Ages it included a fortified gate, a chapel and a drawbridge.
From the 14th through to the 18th century there were houses built upon the pillars but these were destroyed when the Tarn burst its banks in 1766. In 1820 the carriageway was redressed and enlarged. The bridge was then given a new brick façade.
Witness to eight centuries of history the bridge was one of the determining factors in the town's prosperity. After the automobile revolution this bridge once again became central to urban life with a large fraction of the town's traffic passing over it each day.
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Originally Published in Today's Veterinary Business, April 2018
"Maria's skirt is awfully short, isn't it? And she sure doesn't have the figure to pull that off!"
"You're not going to believe what I heard about our new client..."
"Did you hear who is getting divorced? You're not going to believe what happened!"
"We're not getting bonuses this year because of what happened between Fred and Susan."
"Did you hear why Martin got that raise? And did you hear how much it was?"
Statements like this are heard in workplaces around the country, including veterinarian offices, with victims of gossip being managers, coworkers, clients – and anyone else the gossiper runs across during his or her day. While gossip can contain kernels of truth, stories shared are often blown out of proportion, and are sometimes completely false.
When people who work at a veterinarian's office gossip, and the manager doesn't effectively address the situation, the workplace quickly becomes toxic. Some managers don't address the gossip because they are turning a blind eye (or, more accurately, ear!) to what employees are doing. And, unfortunately, sometimes the managers are active participants in the gossiping, which makes the situation even worse.
Gossip, unchecked, can lead to significant productivity and morale issues. Star employees will likely begin to look for work at another practice, which leads to costly turnover, and significant cases of malicious gossip can lead to legal liability issues for the practice.
So, how should workplace gossip be handled?
Understanding Reasons Why People Gossip
It can be helpful to try to pinpoint why people are gossiping in your workplace. For example, do employees feel as though they aren't being provided enough information about the workplace and so they are seeking out details among themselves? If the gossip being shared is largely about decisions being made in the veterinary office, then being more transparent about what's going on can go a long way in quashing the gossip.
Are there trust issues in the practice, especially between employees and managers? If employees don't trust what their managers say, they tend to rely upon one another to get the real story, and this easily lends itself to creating a gossip culture. Honest and open communicate is key, and that starts with the top.
Other times, certain employees gain a reputation, rightly or wrongly, as someone in the know. If these employees enjoy being perceived as a central source of information, they will continue to play this role to soak up attention. This creates a malignant cycle because, as the information-central employee is rewarded with attention, he or she will likely continue to provide even more gossip. So, what can you do? Once someone regularly engages in gossip, it can be challenging to correct this behavior but it can sometimes be addressed by helping the employee receive attention in positive and productive ways.
Put Policies in Place
Like any other human resource-related issue, employee manuals should contain policies to address the situation, including what is prohibited and the consequences that will occur if someone acts in an inappropriate way. This information should be highlighted during the annual meetings in which the manual is discussed.
It's important to know the law when writing these policies. For example, it's tempting to include that employees are not allowed to discuss their salaries – but it isn't legal to prohibit that. It's also important to differentiate between harmful gossip and normal workplace discussions. For example, someone might say, "Did you hear that Sara's cat had six kittens last night? The cat is such a beautiful calico, so I'll bet the kittens are really cute."
Technically speaking, you could call this gossip, which can be defined as "casual or unconstrained conversation or reports about other people, typically involving details that are not confirmed as being true."
The employee is talking about Sara in a casual way, providing details that may not be true. There might have been five kittens – or seven – and maybe none are calico. Or, maybe the cat didn't even have her kittens yet. But, should that conversation be prohibited by policy?
Define what you mean by gossip. You might, for example, determine that, when conversations about others are disruptive, or have the potential to hurt feelings or damage relationships, that's gossip. If it drains employees' morale, that's gossip.
Model Appropriate Behavior
After a long day, it might be tempting for you – as a veterinarian or practice manager – to make an off-the-cuff remark about a difficult client. But, beware. To help ensure that employees don't gossip, it's crucial that you watch what you say. When employees make a comment that can be construed as gossip, you can model how that same concept could be shared in a non-gossipy way or explain why it wasn't appropriate to say. When an employee occasionally makes comments that cross over into gossip, behavior modeling and employee coaching generally work. Call yourself out, as well, when you slip into behaviors along the gossip spectrum.
Deal Directly with Problem Employees First
If an employee is a hard-core gossiper, then you will need to follow your progressive disciplinary procedure, a process that most likely starts with a verbal warning and ends with termination. Meet individually with a perpetrator in a confidential location and discuss the impact that his or her gossiping is having on other individuals and the practice. Review with each perpetrator the disciplinary procedures that will be followed, and then stick to them, even if it results in firing an employee who resists improving his or her behavior.
It's important to meet individually with gossipers first, rather than going immediately into a team meeting or sending out an email blast, and here's why. You might remember being a child in a classroom where a teacher vented about the high absenteeism rate – ranting, of course, to the students who did show up to class. Sending a group email or holding a team meeting without individual counseling and discipline is the grown-up version of the teacher chastising people with good attendance for absenteeism.
When you do meet with your entire team, discuss the topic of gossip on a broad level. Invite your team to brainstorm solutions to help ensure that your workplace culture is as positive and gossip-free as possible. This can include rewarding employees when they share positive news with one another, perhaps giving kudos to a fellow employee who received an important certification or handled a difficult customer especially well (making sure that these "kudos" aren't really a disguise for gossiping about the challenging customer!).
Finally, you need to protect employees who share instances of gossiping with managers. Ironically, you also need to watch to ensure that this reporting doesn't become an insidious form of gossip. Remain firm and consistent in your efforts to root out gossip. This process can be challenging, especially if gossiping behaviors have been entrenched into your workplace culture, but the ultimate rewards are significant and worthwhile.
Click link to see article in Today's Veterinary Business _URL_


two people speaking in a video conference
Technology can help you to make a Will during the current measures to manage the coronavirus outbreak.
Here are some things to think about.
Video conferencing
This is certainly one way that technology can help you to prepare your Will. It's so much easier to discuss things when you can see someone.
The process, known as 'taking instructions', can be done via a video conference, and your Will can then be drafted and sent via email or post. Once you have reviewed your draft Will you can have another video conference to go through it in detail and to agree any amendments before the final version is sent to you.
Before taking part in a video conference with your Will writer it is a good idea to collect as much information as you can. This could include a list of your assets such as property, your car, any collections of jewellery or art for example. It's also worth checking your bank accounts, ISAs, investments and savings, because many of us forget what we have.
You will need to appoint someone as your executor to carry out the terms of your Will. Think about who this should be and, ideally, check with them to make sure they are happy to act on your behalf.
Write down any questions you would like to ask, so that you can tick them off as they are covered in the video conference, and so that you remember to ask them at the end if they haven't been answered.
However, your Will can't be witnessed during a video conference. Your witnesses must by physically present when you sign your Will.
Validity of your Will
This is the part of the process that can't yet be replaced by technology. To make a valid Will you must sign and date it and this must be witnessed by two people who are present at the same time. While there have been discussions about changing this requirement during the coronavirus outbreak, it hasn't yet been changed.
Your witnesses must be independent and not related to you. If beneficiaries of your Will or their spouses or civil partners are witnesses, they will lose their inheritance.
However, there are a lot of different ways to make sure your Will is properly signed and witnessed while still following the social distancing rules
Proof of identity
Whoever is helping you to prepare your Will must confirm your identity. This might involve sharing the details of your:
birth certificate
driving licence
armed forces ID card
HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC) tax document (such as a self-assessment tax return)
police or other government department ID card
benefit book or notification letter outlining your right to benefits.
They will also need proof of residency. As long as you haven't already used them as proof of your identity, you can do this with:
a household utility bill (gas and electricity, dated within the last three months)
driving licence
bank statement
benefit book or notification letter, outlining your right to benefits
house or car insurance certificate
Council Tax statement
local authority rent card or tenancy agreement.
While it's important that you can prove who you are and your address, this information could also be used by criminals to steal your identity, so you must be confident that you are working with a legitimate, trained and regulated professional. Check the company's registration at Companies House and look for independent reviews and testimonials.
If you or anyone you know would like more advice on creating or amending a Will during the coronavirus outbreak, please do get in touch
Tagged as: coronavirus, Wills
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SG-CG-P4 communication modules are standard industrial bus protocol controller. We can provide versions that support bus protocols such as ProfiNet/EtherCAT/EtherNet/IP/DeviceNet/ProbusaDP. The communication module consists of two 7/8″ power supply interfaces, two M12 5-PIN bus interfaces, four M12 RFID reader interfaces and four M12 4PIN I/O interfaces: (including eight I/O interfaces).
The transmission rate is up to 100Mbps, and multiple controllers can be cascaded to the PLC to provide powerful field data acquisition and I/O control.
The housing is made of lightweight, sturdy epoxy. They have the characteristics of wide connection range, strong communication ability, good environment adaptability and high protection level.
Can connect up to 8 IO devices, with a maximum of 100 meters of communication to meet different monitoring requirements of various application environments IP67 protection level, can adapt to harsh environments such as oil (cutting fluid, etc.), dust, moisture, etc
The connector has an error-proof insert design to ensure reliability in the industrial field
7×24 continuous work, industrial level stability and high temperature resistance in the harsh environment


text:
Back in the old days of Python, to call a function with arbitrary arguments, you would use
apply still exists in Python2.7 though not in Python3, and is generally not used anymore. Nowadays,
is preferred. The
multiprocessing.Pool modules tries to provide a similar interface.
Pool.apply is like Python
apply, except that the function call is performed in a separate process.
Pool.apply blocks until the function is completed.
Pool.apply_async is also like Python's built-in
apply, except that the call returns immediately instead of waiting for the result. An
ApplyResult object is returned. You call its
get() method to retrieve the result of the function call. The
get() method blocks until the function is completed. Thus,
pool.apply(func, args, kwargs) is equivalent to
pool.apply_async(func, args, kwargs).get().
In contrast to
Pool.apply_async method also has a callback which, if supplied, is called when the function is complete. This can be used instead of calling
import multiprocessing as mp
result_list =
# This is called whenever foo_pool(i) returns a result.
# result_list is modified only by the main process, not the pool workers.
pool = mp.Pool()
for i in range(10):
pool.apply_async(foo_pool, args = (i, ), callback = log_result)
if __name__ == '__main__':
may yield a result such as
[1, 0, 4, 9, 25, 16, 49, 36, 81, 64]
pool.map, the order of the results may not correspond to the order in which the
pool.apply_async calls were made.
So, if you need to run a function in a separate process, but want the current process to block until that function returns, use
Pool.map blocks until the complete result is returned.
If you want the Pool of worker processes to perform many function calls asynchronously, use
Pool.apply_async. The order of the results is not guaranteed to be the same as the order of the calls to
Notice also that you could call a number of different functions with
Pool.apply_async (not all calls need to use the same function).
Pool.map applies the same function to many arguments.
Pool.apply_async, the results are returned in an order corresponding to the order of the arguments.


text:
Saturday, July 19, 2014
If Salas v. Sierra Chemical has you thinking more about inquiries into a plaintiff-worker's immigration status in workplace rights enforcement, you might be interested in a recent paper on the labor enforcement agency's views on this question: Shannon Gleeson, "Means to an End: An Assessment of the Status-blind Approach to Protecting Undocumented Worker Rights," Sociological Perspectives (published online April 3, 2014) (here). Here's the abstract:
This article applies the tenets of bureaucratic incorporation theory to an investigation of bureaucratic decision making in labor standards enforcement agencies (LSEAs), as they relate to undocumented workers. Drawing on 25 semistructured interviews with high-level officials in San Jose and Houston, I find that bureaucrats in both cities routinely evade the issue of immigration status during the claims-making process, and directly challenge employers' attempts to use the undocumented status of their workers to deflect liability. Respondents offer three institutionalized narratives for this approach: (1) to deter employer demand for undocumented labor, (2) the conviction that the protection of undocumented workers is essential to the agency's ability to regulate industry standards for all workers, and (3) to clearly demarcate the agency's jurisdictional boundaries to preserve institutional autonomy and scarce resources. Within this context, enforcing the rights of undocumented workers becomes simply an institutional means to an end.


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how do i sketch a probability density function.i cant find how to do it anywhere!driving me nuts
k=1 from my workings.thanks in advance
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Draw the line y=x between 0 and 1 on the x-axis and the line y=2-x between 1 and 2 on the x-axis. It should be a triangle with an area of 1.
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