Salmon face warming waters, changes to El Niño patterns in fight for survival on West Coast
It's not easy to be a salmon on the West Coast these days. From California to Alaska, record high temperatures and low snowmelt are affecting the species' survival in their freshwater habitats.
Now, new research finds changes in the climate patterns associated with El Niño have shifted and are affecting productivity -- or the levels of things like phytoplankton and other nutrients -- in the Pacific Ocean. The result is causing two species of salmon -- coho and chinook -- that traditionally have different rates of survival in the ocean to trend closer together.
The changes, which were especially pronounced from Vancouver Island to southeast Oregon, could bode poorly for the resilience of Pacific salmon species, said Patrick Kilduff, lead author of the new paper, who conducted the research while a postdoctoral student at the University of California, Davis.
"The easiest connection is to a stock portfolio. If everything in your stock portfolio goes down at the same time, you're going to feel the pain, whereas if some things did well and some things did poorly you're not going to feel as much pain," he said. "Coho and chinook used to have more difference in abundance patterns along the coast and now they have this synchronicity between their survival rates. That's a concern because if everything is going up and down at the same time, if things are bad, they're going to be all bad for all fisherman and protected species."
Although salmon are born and spawn in freshwater habitats such as rivers and streams, they spend much of their lives in the ocean. Even though coho and chinook are both salmon species, they differ in many ways, including how long they spend in fresh water and where they tend to live in the ocean and for how long. This is one of the reasons why it was interesting to discover that the two species' rates of survival seem to be synchronizing over time, Kilduff said.
Ocean conditions determine fish size
To determine the extent of the fish population changes, Kilduff and his colleagues from the Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology at UC Davis and the School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences at the Georgia Institute of Technology analyzed ocean survival data of hatchery coho salmon from 72 hatcheries and chinook salmon from 104 hatcheries along western North America from central California to southeast Alaska between 1980 and 2006.
Kilduff said ocean productivity plays a large role in maintaining fish populations.
"When salmon leave fresh water and go into ocean, they are fairly small. If conditions are good, if it's productive, they can grow fast," he said. "When things are better or worse during first ocean entry period, that can have a big impact on the ultimate numbers returning."
Pacific salmon managers typically determine what percentage of the stock can be harvested while salmon are young, before they enter the ocean. When ocean conditions become increasingly variable, it could jeopardize the species. For example, in 2008 and 2009, chinook fisheries in California and southern Oregon were shuttered after very few fish returned to spawn, which researchers attribute to poor ocean conditions that occurred in 2005 and 2006.
The status of salmon populations in California and the Pacific Northwest varies, but, in general, the species is extremely sensitive to both natural and human stressors, on land and in the ocean. Both have taken a toll on wild salmon populations, especially in the Pacific Northwest, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
Nate Mantua, a researcher with NOAA's Southwest Fisheries Science Center in Santa Cruz, Calif., said a lot of research indicates the early time period young salmon spend in the ocean is crucial for stock survival.
"What happens with these large-scale climate patterns is that they are tracking changes in the oceans that are happening over huge spatial scales," said Mantua, who was not involved with the study but has written a soon-to-be-published commentary piece for Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. "The whole eastern part of the north Pacific, where salmon spend the ocean part of their lives, is being affected."
An El Niño doesn't help matters
The study, published this week in PNAS, finds that, since the 1980s, the forces driving El Niños have changed. That shift is what Kilduff and his colleagues assert is affecting the rates in which these two fish species survive in the ocean.
In the last three decades, El Niño events have been more frequently associated with central tropical Pacific warming rather than Pacific warming from the east. There is some debate in the scientific community as to if this change is driven by climate change or natural variability, Kilduff said. The latter is associated with the oft-mentioned Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), whereas central tropical Pacific warming is linked to the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO). The authors note the mechanics of how NPGO affects ocean productivity and by extension salmon is not as well understood.
Whereas the PDO will cause the coast from southeast Alaska all the way to Baja California to warm and cool together, the NPGO is more uneven, Mantua said, and tends to bring warmer water off the coast of Vancouver Island to southern Oregon. Salmon prefer subarctic waters, not subtropical.
"These big picture climate patterns, the PDO and NPGO, are telling us something about the state of the Pacific Ocean and the West Coast," he said. "It's not just salmon that will be affected, but sea birds, krill and other temperature-sensitive species."
While Kilduff said the research doesn't unpack the reasons why these large ocean-current patterns are shifting, the merging of survival rates for these two species points to reduced biodiversity.
"The key thing is to keep looking at these things. If it looks like a NPGO is coming up and if the NPGO is looking like its poor for salmon, it's something they're going to have to be planning for," Kilduff added. "What kinds of harvest restrictions or rules need to be put in place along the coast? It comes down to making management decisions."
Weather extremes don't help
At every stage of their lives, Pacific salmon are affected by changes to water hydrology, said Colin Shanley, a researcher with the Nature Conservancy.
Shanley and his colleagues published a study last year in the journal PLOS ONE that documented how Pacific salmon in southeast Alaska are being affected by climate change. Although they mostly focused on the ways freshwater habitats are being affected, they did note that warmer winter water temperatures are driving accelerated rates of fish development. Furthermore, they found the salmon harvest increased during the warm phase of the PDO in Alaska.
In southeast Alaska, in particular, Shanley said the impacts of a changing climate -- both when there was an increase in rainfall and a decrease -- are vulnerable situations for salmon populations. Too much rain, or rain that melts a snowpack suddenly, can fill a stream quickly and destroy salmon eggs. Less rain and warmer temperatures reduce the amount of water in streams, which also can harm fish, he said.
But not all fish populations are doomed either in fresh water or in the ocean, he added. Overall survival of the species is reliant on habitat diversity. A changing climate will most likely not affect every habitat all in a negative way. For example, some of the glacial systems in Alaska might become more productive as the climate changes, he said.
"In Alaska, that's definitely the case," he said. "In other places, though, the genetics aren't as strong, there aren't the hatchery fish, and habitat diversity isn't as high."
States relax limits on salmon predators
Across the West, fisheries managers are struggling to save fish struggling with abnormally warm summer waters. This week, the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife said it is considering doing away with limits on fishing for catfish, bass and other fish that thrive in warm waters and are threatening native salmon and steelhead. State officials said nearly half of sockeye salmon migrating up the Columbia River through Oregon and Washington state have been killed because of the hot water. Washington has taken similar actions on the Columbia River and are also seeing thousands of fish dying off.
Tough freshwater conditions can stress juvenile fish as they try to migrate to the ocean, explained Tony Farrell, a biologist at the University of British Columbia, in a video about how this year's low snowpack and record high temperatures are affecting sockeye salmon that are migrating from the Pacific Ocean to the Fraser River, the longest river in British Columbia, to spawn.
"Summer temperature in the Fraser River is so important, so it's closely monitored," he said.
Just a few extra degrees of warming can decrease a fish's ability to take up oxygen into its muscles and swim. Fungus and bacteria also thrive at warmer temperatures. And even if the fish make it to the ocean, they face increased predation because of warmer waters.
"It's been particularly warm out in the Pacific Ocean this year, which means there's a lot of hungry mackerel and tuna waiting to eat baby salmon as they migrate from the Fraser River to the Pacific in search of food," Farrell said. "The mackerel and the tunas like the water a little warmer than the salmonids, so when warmer water moves north, as it does periodically, they follow. But because the Fraser River can't move, it's a bit like running the gauntlet for the salmon smolts."
Back in the Pacific Ocean, Kilduff said he hopes his research can be used by fisheries managers to make changes to freshwater practices, which are within human control, in order to account for a loss of survival rate variability out in the open seas.
"It's another thing to keep an eye on," he said. "It's


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Hilbert's hotel/Related Articles
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- See also changes related to Hilbert's hotel, or pages that link to Hilbert's hotel or to this page or whose text.
- Cardinality : The size, i.e., the number of elements, of a (possibly infinite) set.
- Countable set : A set with as many elements as there are natural numbers, or less.
- Galileo's paradox : The observation that there are fewer perfect squares than natural numbers but also equally many.

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-purpose motive. In the first case, you act out of fear of being infected. In the second, you participate in collective efforts to stop the spread of the virus. … The enlightened reason is not to protect ourselves, but to contribute to collective efforts to halt the epidemic." I have used this idea in one of my article and criticised all acts of violation of social-distance norms irrespective of religion of people involved.
Regarding the Jamaat incident I have established the deliberateness of the act above. And am unwilling to accept that the Maulana did not know that every infected person is a danger to many others. One can certainly claim that the Maulana might have genuinely believed in his ignorant theories of Allah sending the illness and might have assumed His protection for himself and his followers. But that is precisely the kind of theological steadfastness that I am holding responsible for violating government orders specifically declared to protect people. Therefore, disagreeing with Prof. Iqbal assessment of the Markaz case as of the first kind, I put it in the second of his categories which he defines as "a devious act of religious bigotry– deserves criticism of the kind the author makes".
In connection with treating equal crime or negligence equally Dr. Farooqi correctly says about me that "he (me) again insists that if a mahant or temple priest if (this "if" should be replaces with "is" to express the meaning of my sentence paraphrased here) found indulging in similar acts they should be equally condemned and punished". But then he attributes to me something which I did not say, to quote Dr. Farooqi "[I]t is again with unsettling convenience that Prof. Dhankar points out that the Jamaat cannot be defended 'if there are no such acts' found." (Emphasis added.) What I actually wrote is "[I]t (other congregations) can be equated with the Tablighi congregations only if there is evidence of deliberate theological support, deliberate staying together and deliberate instigating people not to obey the government orders." There is a world of difference between "equating" two acts, and "defending" any of them. As far as I am concerned even after equating neither can be defended. Equation between the two can only be used for condemning and/or punishing both equally, not for absolving of their responsibilities.
Dr. Farooqi does not stop here, he makes even stranger accusations. He writes that "[I]t does not take a genius to know that there are hundreds of videos of preachers across the board that attest to continuous conflict between the state and the religion yet Prof. Dhankar entertains "if there are no such acts"." Seems it does take a genius to understand that in my article I am talking about specific cases of violating the government orders on theological grounds in the present context of corona restrictions and equating other cases with Jamaat acts, therefore, cases of conflict between religion and state generally are irrelevant here.
Still more false claims about what I said. articled. Farooqi saya "he did acknowledge that there have been theologically-minded deliberate attempts of instigating people to disobey government orders". What I actually say is "I am not saying that there have not been any such 'theologically minded' deliberate acts of instigating people to disobey the government orders." A higher secondary student of logic knows that "I am not saying that Ramachandra does not smoke" does not mean the same thing as "I acknowledge that Ramachandra smokes". I am astonished by this interpretation.
Dr. Farooqi further claims: "Prof. Dhankar expresses his 'real concern' in a deeply problematic way. Reading his final bits it seems that one of the religious obligations the Tablighis have (the most pressing one perhaps) is to do with disobeying government order. He goes even further and argues that their doings undermine the constitution and orders of the constitutionally elected government." And then Dr. Farooqi taking high moral ground sensors me, "An ill-founded concern of this kind –surely a result of little awareness of the history and essentials of the movement– needs to be questioned at all costs. Prof. Dhankar needs to realise the consequences of a sweeping remark of the kind he has made."
My actual paragraph is: The real concern in this is: that an interpretation of a religion is being preached that clearly declares that when there is a conflict between a government order and supposed to be religious duty a large section of believers will go by the supposed to be religious duty and disobey the government order. This attitude is very dangerous and can break the law and order any time. The issue is, in a democracy should the religious dictum be subordinate to the constitution or the religious dictum be supreme even if violates the orders of the constitutionally elected government? Facing this question squarely is necessary." I don't need to deliberate on this point, I am sure the readers will plainly see that Dr. Farooqi is grossly misinterpreting me.
Dr. Farooqi falsely claims "Prof. Dhankar is being disturbingly patronising in suggesting that one can only understand the Tablighi Jamaat by listening to Maulana Saad's lectures." And then accuses me of ignorance on this basis. Where he reads this suggestion in my article is a puzzle for me. All I claim is that the present incidents at the Markaz cannot be fully understood without taking into consideration Maulana Saad's concomitant lectures. And I believe any one claiming otherwise is either too naïve or patently dishonest. How can one come to any other conclusion when (a) the gatherings were religious in nature, (b) the head of Jamaat gives direction to understanding the Jamaat interpretation of religion and religious obligations, (c) the same head is giving daily discourses on the very issues in the religion that are to be interpreted and understood?
In this section Dr. Farooqi is continuously misinterpreting and falsely attributing statement to me which I did not make. The whole exercise is nothing more than creating strawmen and attempting to destroy them. I wonder why would one do that? Is it necessitated by attempts to defend the indefensible? Puzzling, to say the least.
List of advices
The rest of Dr. Farooqi's article consists of a list of condescending advices to me under the sub-heading "What Prof. Dhankar needs to be mindful of". There are too many jumbled assertions and unsubstantiated claims in these advices, and they are often unrelated to my article; therefore, I will try to summaries each of these advises as best as I can and make a brief comment.
First: Dr. Farooqi takes objection to my term "defend" and rightly says that it "suggests some kind of blind advocacy". He is right, as far as it goes, to make it more precise I would say "blind and/or committed irrespective of rational grounds"; and that is precisely what I want to communicate. I am not writing against the balanced articles which concede that Jamaat made a grave mistake that could have been avoided. I am writing against the articles which use the four arguments examined above. Anyone using those arguments to make light of the Jamaat acts is into blind advocacy, including Dr. Farooqi's rejoinder to me.
Second: in his second advice Dr. Farooqi reads me a sermon on 'Muslims are victims' narrative. I reject this narrative. This is not the place to go into its details; however, someday I may articulate my views on this issue in detail. All I will say here is that in my view Hindu-Muslim issue in this country is a complex legacy of thousand years with strands deriving their damaging force from culture, religion, political ideology and identity politics. Presently this narrative is sustained by so-called liberals[2] through various devices. One very prominent device is that whenever one points out a mistake of any individual Muslim or a Muslim organization a very well-nit group of supposed to be intellectuals raises a cry of "maligning the whole Muslim community". As is happening in the present case. This is not to deny that there are people in India who blame and vilify Muslims as a community and unfairly, such people visibly exist. But there are many more who argue reasonably and reject their vilification attempts. The real issue is how do we ensure that public discourse is reasonable and not biased in favour of any community? Seeing only one side of the public debate and sustaining a victimhood narrative on that is unjustifiable to say the least. But my real objection to his use of this sermon is that all arguments which use the device of "since X did it, therefore Y cannot be blamed" are morally slip-shot arguments. They spiral into ever increasing acceptance of crimes against the society. Hiding or shying away from stating the truth in the name of political correctness will never do any good to anyone, including the group or individual being defended. I find this line of argument highly biased and irresponsible.
Third: I am not sure what point Dr. Farooqi is making in his third advice to me. I never supported any news "about creating anger, hate, and disgust".
Fourth: Dr. Farooqi's fourth advice demands from me to ask myself if "any other community, having done what the Tablighis did, be subjected to the same brutality and hate?" and predicts that my "answer would urge him (me) to forsake the equal treatment thesis". He asks this on the basis of a list of hate being spread against Muslims through fake news. One, I cannot guarantee that all other communities will be subjected to the same level of criticism, but have been arguing in all my little articles and conversations that


text:
How do I export my payments report?
- Log in to your account.
- If you have more than one listing, click the one you want to work with.
- Click Reservation manager on the left navigation menu.
- Click Payments.
- Click the Download icon. Please note, for listings using OpenEdge (formerly known as PayPros) for payment processing, click the printer option and print.
- Enter your start and end date and click Submit.
- In the pop-up window select Save file. Save the file in a place that you can access, such as your desktop.
- Open Excel or another spreadsheet application.
- Click File then click Open.
- Find the.csv file that you have saved and double click on it to import into your active file/spreadsheet/workbook.
If you experience slow performance when downloading the report, this could be due to the volume of data. In this case, it is recommended that you download the report in multiple batches by narrowing the date range.


text:
The haftarah of the second day of
Sukkos details the
dedication of the Beis Ha-Mikdash (the Temple) by Shlomo Ha-Melech.
The haftarah narrates the final preparations for sanctifying the
Beis Ha-Mikdash, explaining that the Aron Ha-Kodesh (Holy Ark) was
brought by the Kohanim into the Kodesh Ha-Kodoshim (Holy of
Holies), after which Hashem's cloud filled the chamber, indicting
that the Shechinah (Divine Presence) now dwelled therein.
Thereafter, Shlomo explained the original conception and history
of the planning of the Beis Ha-Mikdash.
Why do we read this haftarah on Sukkos? It is true that the Beis
Ha-Mikdash was dedicated as part of a 14-day assembly which ran
through Sukkos; so, too, the Beis Ha-Mikdash is referred to as "Sukkas
Dovid" - the Sukkah, or Tabernacle, of David. Still, these
connections between Sukkos and the haftarah about the dedication
of the Beis Ha-Mikdash are rather coincidental. Is there any
deeper relationship between Sukkos and the haftarah?
Sukkos is positioned shortly after
such that after becoming purified on Yom Kippur, we merit entry to
the sukkah, which represents a venue of God's glory. The hoshanah
of "E'eroch shu'i" depicts this theme, and it is well-established
in halachic and aggadic literature. If we view the relationship of
Sukkos and Yom Kippur through this perspective, it becomes clear
that Sukkos is a yom tov which needs the spiritual preparation of
Yom Kippur in order to have full meaning.
Thus, to answer to our question, the relationship of the haftarah
to Sukkos is the theme of preparation. The haftarah details the
preparations for Hashem's Presence to rest in the Beis Ha-Mikdash,
and - similarly - our experience of Sukkos and entry to the sukkah
depend on the spiritual preparation of Yom Kippur.
It must be noted that this preparation for Sukkos is not just
practical; rather, it is part of the very essence of Sukkos. Just
like the Biblically-mandated sequester of the Kohen Gadol before
Yom Kippur is an integral part of the purification process (as it
purifies the Kohen Gadol, who is the instrument for public
purification on Yom Kippur), so, too, is the preparation provided
by Yom Kippur essential to Sukkos. Without it, our observance of
Sukkos would be incomplete.
There is a second component of spiritual preparation for Sukkos.
One must be mentally prepared for the experience of entry to the
sukkah, such that he appreciates its holiness and what it
represents. (Some poskim hold that an awareness of the symbolism
of the sukkah is critical to fulfilling the mitzvah of dwelling in
a sukkah). One cannot instantly appreciate being enveloped by
holiness. Experiencing kedushah (holiness) is not something that
one can do "al regel achas" - on the spot. When an angel spoke to
Shimshon's mother to inform her that she would finally have a
baby, instructing her as to his special care (as a nazir),
Shimshon's mother knew that the speaker was an angel. However,
when Manoach, Shimshon's father, met the same angel, he invited
the angel to eat and asked the angel his name, as if the angel
were a person. The Tanach relates that Manoach was unaware that
the visitor was an angel.
One can be in the Presence of God and not even know it. Sukkos
teaches us that one must be prepared to encounter the Divine, for
without spiritual preparation, a sukkah is a mere hut; with proper
preparation, the sukkah becomes a reflection of the Beis Ha-Mikdash,
may it be built again soon.
For a full library of divrei Torah, please see

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Expanded Learning Partnerships
Strong partnerships between schools and expanded learning programs lay the foundation for building stronger, more equitable support systems for children and their families. Building on prior investments in the expanded learning system, California's school reopening guidance encouraged intentional coordination across schools and expanded learning providers to best meet the needs of students during this unprecedented time. This brief provides key principles for school and expanded learning partnerships—informed by insights from leaders and practitioners from across California—that policymakers and practitioners should consider as they move from reopening to rebuilding.
This brief is part of a series that explores how expanded learning programs and staff can play an instrumental role in supporting students now and throughout pandemic recovery. The other brief, Learning Hubs: In-Person Learning for the Whole Child, discusses how learning hubs can provide in-person education supports to students who are distance learning; raises considerations for local policymakers, schools, and expanded learning partners; includes guidance for the design and operations of learning hubs; and identifies the policy levers that support the model.
Four PACE commentaries contribute to this series, each of which addresses the needs of student populations that have been disproportionately impacted by the pandemic and offers actionable guidance for districts, schools, and expanded learning providers. The commentaries look at the role of expanded learning for students in foster care; experiencing homelessness; with learning differences; and in upper grades.


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Forensic Entomology is Not For the Faint-Hearted!
By Chris Williams on November 12, 2013.
Forensic science is a popular theme for TV shows lately. In the old days, we had "Quincy." Now you can choose from many shows that offer the nitty-gritty, gruesome details of crime scene investigation; to name a few: "CSI," "Forensic Files," "Investigative Reports," and "The New Detectives." Sometimes these shows feature forensic entomology or the science of using insects to solve crimes or resolve legal cases.
Want your child to be a forensic entomologist when she grows up? Forensic entomologists are certified by the American Board of Forensic Entomologists and may belong to the North American Forensic Entomology Association. Forensic entomology is divided into three branches:
- medico-legal — insects infesting human remains,
- urban — infestations of buildings or gardens, and
- stored product pests – legal cases involving food contamination by insects.
For the most part, forensic entomologists study fly maggots, and often maggots on decaying bodies—not exactly a specialty for the weak of stomach. By identifying the maggots, they can apply what they know about the fly's life cycle and habits and can pinpoint the time, and sometimes the location, of the death. Other insects infest a dead body as well, but blow flies are always the first on the scene, sometimes arriving to lay their eggs only an hour after death.
A forensic entomologist collects any fly eggs or larvae found on the corpse and identifies them. Sometimes this means waiting until they develop into adult flies. Once he (or she) knows the species of fly, he then knows how soon after death the fly is attracted to a body. He also knows how long it takes that fly to develop through various stages from egg to adult. He factors in data that may have slowed down or speeded up the fly's development, such as variations in temperature and humidity, whether the body was exposed to air, or was buried, etc. Working backwards with expert knowledge, a forensic entomologist can pinpoint the approximate time of death.
It's not always death and gore. Forensic entomologists often provide the expertise in lawsuits where insects are a factor.
A family claimed that the steak they bought and cooked turned out to be full of maggots. They returned the cooked steak to the supermarket, full of wriggling larvae, and sued the store. A forensic entomologist on the case purchased a similar steak, added maggots, and cooked it to the family's specifications. Every maggot dried and shriveled up during cooking. He testified in court that cooking the meat would have cooked the maggots as well. The supermarket won the case.


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Ever since the Scottish inventor Alexander Graham Bell made his first phone call on March 10, 1876, the words: "Mr. Watson - Come here - I want to see you" became legendary. At the time, his assistant was next door and Bell didn't really have to dial a number as there were only two phone sets in the world.
The expansion of telephone network in Europe started in 1881, when the American Bell Telephone Company signed a contract with Russia to create phone networks in St. Petersburg, Moscow, Warsaw, Odessa, Riga and Lodz, and has not stopped since. By 1890, there were already 26,000 phones in Great Britain, and 22,000 in Germany.
There were numerous attempts to create a cable connection between the United States and Europe and in 1953 the laying of the first successful transatlantic telephone cables began, making it possible for Americans to call Europe.
Today, Europe has a vast phone network, covering almost every corner of the continent, with both fixed and cellular phones. What was once Bell's dream became reality in the 21st century.
Here is the list of telephone calling codes for 39 European countries.


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Issue No. 01 - January/February (2005 vol. 11)
DOI Bookmark: _URL_
We present results from a user study that compared six visualization methods for two-dimensional vector data. Users performed three simple but representative tasks using visualizations from each method: 1) locating all critical points in an image, 2) identifying critical point types, and 3) advecting a particle. Visualization methods included two that used different spatial distributions of short arrow icons, two that used different distributions of integral curves, one that used wedges located to suggest flow lines, and line-integral convolution (LIC). Results show different strengths and weaknesses for each method. We found that users performed these tasks better with methods that: 1) showed the sign of vectors within the vector field, 2) visually represented integral curves, and 3) visually represented the locations of critical points. Expert user performance was not statistically different from nonexpert user performance. We used several methods to analyze the data including omnibus analysis of variance, pairwise t-tests, and graphical analysis using inferential confidence intervals. We concluded that using the inferential confidence intervals for displaying the overall pattern of results for each task measure and for performing subsequent pairwise comparisons of the condition means was the best method for analyzing the data in this study. These results provide quantitative support for some of the anecdotal evidence concerning visualization methods. The tasks and testing framework also provide a basis for comparing other visualization methods, for creating more effective methods and for defining additional tasks to further understand the tradeoffs among the methods. In the future, we also envision extending this work to more ambitious comparisons, such as evaluating two-dimensional vectors on two-dimensional surfaces embedded in three-dimensional space and defining analogous tasks for three-dimensional visualization methods.
User study, vector visualization, fluid flow visualization.
Marco da Silva, Michael J. Tarr, William H. Warren, Robert M. Kirby, Timothy S. Miller, David H. Laidlaw, Cullen D. Jackson, J. Scott Davidson, "Comparing 2D Vector Field Visualization Methods: A User Study", IEEE Transactions on Visualization & Computer Graphics, vol. 11, no., pp. 59-70, January/February 2005, doi:10.1109/TVCG.2005.4


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Wednesday, September 2 News
Fairfield 375: A humble onion made Southport world famous
It was not until the 1840s that globe onions became a major agricultural crop in Fairfield, and Southport became the shipping center for the onions. In fact, the Southport Globe Onion is still sold under that name today.
"It is truly a top-notch producer for the North and still one of the best," the Baker Creek Heirloom Seed Co. in Missouri says on its website of the Southport Globe Onion.
Although onions had been grown here by early farmers, it wasn't until the development of the globe onion with its high yields that Fairfield farmers began growing and selling large shipments of onions. Shipping their onions from the Southport docks to New York by boat from Southport was easier for farmers than taking their crops to either Bridgeport or Norwalk. The local sloops usually took about one week to travel from Southport to New York and back, to pick up more onions.
Warehouses lined the Southport shoreline and hundreds of thousands of barrels of onions were being shipped out of Southport in the early 1890s.
But the local crop went into decline after a plague of cutworms damaged many of the onion fields and low prices were forced by competition from onion growers in other states. Compounding those problems was a federal project to improve Bridgeport Harbor, which emerged as a shipping center that eclipsed Southport as a transportation hub for the crops.


text:
PLIDAM is a research team whose area of research is a pluridisciplinary field that borders on applied linguistics as it relates to the dissemination, learning and teaching of languages and literature.
Its research sheds light on the process of globalization, the acceleration of European integration and French as a world language. Its activities are structured around six main themes:
- Language policies, multilingualism and representations;
- Language skills: construction and evaluation;
- Lexicon and translation: what didactics?;
- Literature and culture in language didactics;
- Designing educational tools in a multilingual perspective;
- SemioMed "Semiotics, multimedia corpus and uses".


text: BACKGROUND Recently pericardial adipose tissue (PAT) has been shown to be an independent predictor of atrial fibrillation (AF). Atrial PAT may influence underlying atrial musculature creating a substrate for AF. This study sought to validate the assessment of total and atrial PAT by standard cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) measures and describe and validate a three dimensional atrial PAT model. METHODS 10 merino cross sheep underwent CMR using a 1.5 Tesla system (Siemens, Sonata, Erlangen, Germany). Atrial and ventricular short axis (SA) images were acquired, using ECG -gated steady state free precession sequences. In order to quantify total volume of adipose tissue, a three dimensional model was constructed from consecutive end-diastolic images using semi-automated software. Regions of adipose tissue were marked in each slice followed by linear interpolation of pixel intensities in spaces between consecutive image slices. Total volume of adipose tissue was calculated as a total volume of the three dimensional model and the mass estimated from volume measurements. The sheep were euthanized and pericardial adipose tissue was removed and weighed for comparison to the corresponding CMR measurements. RESULTS All CMR adipose tissue estimates significantly correlated with autopsy measurements (ICC > 0.80; p < 0.03). Intraobserver reliability in CMR measures was high, with 95% levels of agreement within 5.5% (ICC = 0.995) for total fat mass and its individual atrial (95% CI ± 8.3%, ICC = 0.993) and ventricular components (95% CI ± 6.6%, ICC = 0.989). Interobserver 95% limits of agreement were within ± 10.7% (ICC = 0.979), 7.4% (ICC = 0.991) and 7.2% (ICC = 0.991) for atrial, ventricular and total pericardial adipose tissue, respectively. CONCLUSION This study validates the use of a semi-automated three dimensional atrial PAT model utilizing standard (clinical) CMR sequences for accurate and reproducible assessment of atrial PAT. The measurement of local cardiac fat stores via this methodology could provide a sensitive tool to examine the regional effect of fat deposition on atrial substrate which potentially may influence AF ablation strategies in obese patients.


- Both resolved their disobedience issues after getting injured in a battle and then being nursed back to health by their Trainers. They then battle and win against the same Pokémon that injured them.
 - So far, Mamoswine is Dawn's only dual-type Pokémon.
 - Mamoswine is Dawn's second evolved Pokémon, the first being Ambipom. Both are final forms of a Generation II evolution family. Coincidentally, both need to know a specific move to evolve.
 - Sleepless in Pre-Battle, the episode in which Swinub evolves into Piloswine, first aired in Japan in the same week that Hungry For the Good Life!, the episode in which Swinub is captured, first aired in the United States. The same thing happened to Ash's Gliscor.
 - Mamoswine is the first Pokémon in the current saga to appear evolved in an opening prior to its actual evolution being shown. Furthermore, it was as a Mamoswine.
 - Like many other main characters' Pokémon, Mamoswine was obtained after the Pokémon's species' debut in a movie.
 - Mamoswine is Dawn's only Pokémon that has not yet been used in a Contest.
 - Both of Mamoswine's evolutions happened during a battle with Team Rocket.
Related articles
For more information on this Pokémon's species, see Swinub, Piloswine, and Mamoswine.


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The Lyke Conference – Importance and Facilitation
Every country has a history. Some parts of the history may be admirable while others may be saddening. The saddening parts of history are there for us to learn from the past. This way, we are able to strengthen our future and ensure that past mistakes are avoided. In America for instance, there is the sad past of racism that hurt the country in the past. Many black people suffered atrocities based on racism. Remembrance of these people is aimed at ensuring that the future is better and devoid of racism.
As a measure of learning from history and avoiding injustices that were meted on people based on racial differences, the Lyke conference was established. This is basically a requiem mass in remembrance of the black people who died in the past at the hands of the dragon called racism. In the mass, they are metaphorically referred to as black children of God due to the atrocities they underwent and the love of God that can restore love for mankind.
The liturgy conference usually happens every year with special prayers scheduled in every of the events. Clergies and bishops usually lead the prayers sessions. The prayers are usually elaborate but orderly to address all the issues that concern the historical injustices that were meted on those who fell to the cruel hand of racism and other social injustices. In most cases, the presiding bishop of the event usually prints the prayer in advance which will guide the entire requiem mass.
The event itself usually happens within the community. This means that anyone within the American society can attend the event without restrictions. However, there is payment for entrance though it is not a substantial amount of money. This means that it is affordable to most people in the society. Remember that the main theme is prayer for the fallen black martyrs who died while fighting for their right to social inclusivity and acceptance.
During the requiem mass, different groups of people play different roles. For instance, the event is usually graced by musicians. These artists usually perform songs that promote unity and forgiveness. In addition, they promote inclusivity and social equity. Vendors of different merchandise are also invited. In most case, the merchandise is usually meant to give message to the theme of the day which is remembering the fallen due to social injustices. There are also other staff members of the event who attend. These are important people who pull all strings to ensure that the event is successful.
The Lyke conference 2020 was cancelled with the hope of the next episode taking place in the year 2021. This is because the world faced the covid-19 pandemic. This was not anticipated in the entire world hence the need to alter plans. The pandemic necessitates social distancing hence the reason why organizers decided to cancel the event for 2020. However, there is hope of the same requiem mass taking place in 2021 as the world continues to overcome the effects of the dreaded corona virus.
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1. John's mother and father are estranged
2. he can't stay on the ranch
Need: no psychological need - he's very together
No moral need - he is a paragon of virtue
This will cause a problem at the end by giving us no self-revelation and a clouded theme.
1. to be a cowboy in Mexico
- Problem: this is accomplished quickly
- unclear motive: is this some romantic notion?
2. to get the girl
3. to escape prison and death
4. to get the girl again
5. to get the horses back and go home
Problem: makes the script very episodic - each desire represents a new story. And they are not well connected.
Ally: not enough difference between John and Rawlins
1. kid Blevins
2. Mexicans with the horses
3. the girl (love story)
4. the Aunt
5. the Captain
6. the boy prisoner
7. the Captain and his men
A lot of opponents, and they are not connected.
Key question to ask of any opponent: what is his value to the hero's quest and character creation other than to cause him trouble?
All opponents have the same problem:
no detailing no contrasting to the hero's values they don't force a moral change in the hero
Plan: generally to go to Mexico
But the plan changes for each opponent. On the other hand, plans are usually unclear in myth stories.
- No set up of how good John is with horses
Moral argument: stated but not really explored
1. he insists on staying with Blevins and then helping him vs. Mexicans
2. he doesn't know if he promised the aunt. But the real point is, he never discusses the morality of his actions with the girl.
3. he talks about sticking with your friend no matter what
Reveals: not enough, means a thin plot
Battle: vs. the Captain and his men over horses
Problem: this is not the right main opponent. He is a stranger. The audience doesn't care if John gets his horses back. It's just stupid.
Self-Revelation: he already knows more about how to live morally than anyone else
Even his mistakes are forgivable. His real flaw is stupidity.
New Equilibrium: he is unchanged
He has more horses
-give him a psychologial and a moral need; make him less knowing about how to act
-create a clearer life desire
-explain motive for going to Mexico better
-find an ongoing, overriding opponent
-intensify his own relationship to his horse and other horses over the course of the story
-improve the moral argument between John and Rawlins, the Aunt, and Rocha
-explain contrasting cultures and societies better
-add love story beats
-add symbols to myth journey that represent his growth
-add reveals for more plot
-find the right opponent for the big battle
-give the hero a self-revelation about how he has destroyed others' lives


Jul 19, 2017, 14:16 IST
Is Game Of Thrones inspired from Mahabharata?
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The world is going gaga over 'Games Of Thrones' and for the last six years, this mania has been spreading like 'wild fire' (pun intended). The twisted world of Westeros and beyond has kept the viewers hooked. Come to think of it, while the rest of the world is bewildered by the plot twists and turns of 'Game of Thrones', it is nothing new for our Indian audience.
India's most famous 5000 years old epic and the longest poem ever written in the history of mankind is 'The Mahabharata' is much more and beyond the popular sitcom. Are you wondering why did I suddenly start talking about 'The Mahabharata' while I am talking about 'Game of Thrones'? The answer is simple; there are so many parallels and similarities between both of them that you will be surprised, to say the least.
Both the 'Mahabharata' and the 'Game of Thrones' share their love for conflicts, manipulations, scheming twists, politics and umpteen characters. Even the characters are widely similar making both 'Mahabharata' and 'Game of Thrones' quite indistinguishable.
Bet Ved Vyasa wouldn't have thought that years later, the book series - 'A Song Of Ice And Fire' would be similar to his epic. We have already seen innumerable TV series based on 'The Mahabharata', but this would definitely be the first time when we see parallels in Western literature. Here is the list of similarities between both the books:
1. Come to think of it, while 'Mahabharata' was a war between two clans i.e. Pandavas and Kauravas for the Throne, in the same way, 'Game of Thrones' is a battle between seven Kingdoms for the Iron Throne.
2. Jon Snow and Karna are the characters that are illegitimate children from powerful lineages. While Jon Snow is a Targaryen, Karan is Kunti's son. That's not all; both these characters share nearly the same misfortunes throughout their life.
3. Joffery Baratheon and Duryodhana are without a doubt spoiled princes, who are pampered by their over adoring parents. Their ill-temper and lack of manners make them even more similar.
4. The scheming Petyr Baelish is the character who is unpredictable and can go to any lengths to seek revenge. His innate hatred for the Starks resulted in the death of most of the Stark clan, which makes him similar to Shakuni in more ways than one. Shakuni's modus operandi is to wipe out all of the Pandavas. In fact, many even believe that Shakuni was the main reason why the Mahabharata took place.
5. Cerci Baratheon and Gandhari are over-protective mothers, who can do just about anything for their children. In fact, both of them are sadly totally and completely blind to her son's faults as well.
6. Tywin Lannister is a dreadful man to have as a father. In the same way, Kans well was no saint either. They are both ruthless belond belief and can do just about anything to manipulate any situation to their favour.
7. Draupadi and Daenerys Targaryen are strong willed women and central protagonists of the respective epics. While one is born out of a sacrificial fire and the other proves her metal when she survives the funeral pyre.
8. Jamie Lannister and Aswathamma have so much in common that you won't know what to say! Both of them are great warriors and fiercely loyal. And sadly are cursed characters in both the epics. They are not dark characters but it's the circumstances that force them to make wrong choices in life.
9. Tyrion and Krishna have more in common than you'd think. Both of them are universally loved characters and look at things on the deeper and primal level. Another thing, Tyrion saved Sansa Stark's honour from Joffrey's attempted 'cheer haran' and Krishna did the same for Draupadi.
10. Bran Stark and Sahadev are younger siblings who have always lived in the shadow of formidable elder siblings. Both of them possess the power of glimpsing into the future.
11. Lord Vayrs and Shikandi are characters who are eunuchs and both of them proud of their identity and sadly they have been at the receiving end of deceit in life.
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Science Confirms That Turmeric As Effective As 7 Drugs
Many of the health benefits of turmeric that people in the Far East have been taking advantage of for millennia can be traced to one very important chemical compound. Curcumin, the reason that turmeric has a bright yellow color has been touted as a powerful ingredient with wide-ranging uses. Some use it as a disinfectant. Others use it for its cosmetic properties.
Yet, many people prefer to use this compound as a treatment for minor ailments like laryngitis and more serious conditions like diabetes.
So, thanks to the curcumin, today we can take a look at seven medications that can be substituted with turmeric.
1. Prozac/Fluoxetine & Imipramine (Antidepressants)
2. Aspirin
3. Cholesterol Medication
4. Corticosteroids
5. Diabetes Medications
6. Anti-inflammatory Drugs
7. Chemotherapy Treatment
As always, we strongly recommend consulting your physician before substituting any medication for natural remedies.
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Introduction:La Piscine, a splendid Art Deco building in Roubaix, part of greater Lille, houses the Musée d'Art et d'Industrie. It's one of the most exciting surprises in the Nord region, housing an impressive collection of 19thand 20th-century art. The museum covers fine and applied art (a concept more English than French), and displays painting, sculpture, textiles, ceramics, and glass by both local and artists and internationally known names.
The Building and the Background
La Piscine was just that, a swimming pool built for the well-to-do and the principal bath house for the poor in Roubaix. One of France's major textile centers, Roubaix grew hugely in the 19th century as workers flooded in to work in the factories and mills. The houses they occupied were basic, with no running water and no electricity. The idea was to provide the poor with a place where they could wash, so this 'Temple of Hygene' was built by the forward-thinking Mayor. La Piscine was an Utopian dream, welcoming, practically and very beautiful.
La Piscine was designed by Albert Baert and built from _PHONE_ in flamboyant Art Deco style. It was modeled around the Abbey of Cluny with a cloister and garden in the center and a chapel and restaurant, reflecting the old refectory idea.
The centre of the building is an Olympic-sized swimming pool, decorated with mosaic tiles that were inspired by the waves depicted in so many images by the Japanese artist Hokusai, and lit by a huge stained glass window at one end. The pool particularly was full of Freemasonry motifs. The pool runs from north to south; the window depicts the rising sun; the eye of knowledge is depicted everywhere.
When La Piscine was converted into a museum, the architects filled in much of the pool but left a long stream running down the middle to evoke its previous existence. Small changing rooms, which house some of the art, lead off the pool with corridors running in front and behind them where more exhibits are displayed. It's beautiful and as you walk into the main area you're taken back to its original purpose by a soundtrack of children, now long gone, happily splashing about in the water.
The original collection came from the Industrial Museum of Roubaix which was housed in the building opposite (now the High School of Art and Industry). A rich and unusual mix of pattern books and textile samples from Coptic Egyptian up to contemporary work, it symbolises the connection between Roubaix and the textile industry.
Today the collections have hugely expanded. On display around the pool itself are sculptures that take in 19th-century neo-classical works by the likes of Henri Fantin Latour, Rodin and others, and 20th-century works by Bonnard, Vlaminck, Van Dongen and other leading artists.
A series of small rooms takes you through the grand 19th century tradition of painting through a series of themes like local painters, the Realists and an Oriental Room. There's also a small but impressive collection of ceramics, showing superb examples from the works of the porcelain factory, through the likes of Picasso and Raoul Dufy to contemporary works by the Italian designer of the Memphis group, Ettore Sotsass, Rembrandt Bugatti, the Frenchman Philippe Starck and others.For Practical Information on La Piscine, Roubaix, see the next page.


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The question should be "Why you require Injective Module?" Even the concerns such as "Why Injective Module?" and "What is Injective Module?"
Often when the teacher offers you the appropriate answers, he might even give you some hints, but they are typically mere tips instead of answers. This occurs when the trainee does not have the needed Injective Module understanding.
The very best resource to gain answers and all information in a defined subject is an answer-bank. There are sites that provide answers for any question. Although there are many websites offering this service, it is necessary that you choose just the right one.
The significant issue here is that there are people who just choose a random website that uses no worth. Not all sites are the same. One website may be excellent, while another site is really bad.
What you need to do is choose the website that uses answers in writing so that you can monitor your progress. The next thing that you need to know is that even if the responses you receive from these sites are extremely valuable, it is really essential that you have the ability to recognize the websites that offer solutions and responses. There are numerous sites that use problems online that you require to resolve.
Ifyou have taken online lessons before, this will be enough to guide you in the right instructions however if you are already getting puzzled about your course work, then you will have to depend on these answers. These are answers which contain information that you require to understand in order to complete your Injective Module course help. They will assist you to fixing equations, discovering services to quadratic formulas, discovering solutions to linear equations, and so on.
A tutor will always exist to explain great referrals and assist you out. Nevertheless, if you understand someone who has taken this course and you can inquire for assistance. Even this will be an included benefit.
If you decide to self-study or take online classes, the answers will still be available for you. It is simply a matter of looking for the ideal ones.
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Injective Module offer the research study structure for students to execute knowledge and skills in their learning. A variable is a concrete, discrete unit of knowledge that acts as a reference point to evaluate students' knowing development. Students will place information into their research study history and designate that details to other study histories based on their own requirements. Trainees can likewise determine their efficiency and compare it to others within their class.
Utilizing a student activity preparing system (SAPS) is vital to handling Injective Module. The best alternative is an integrated method to handling Injective Module. This includes using a methodical approach to methods and tools for promoting variable management. This plan will have pre-defined strategy, evaluation treatments, and follow-up measures to guarantee trainee accomplishment.
Student variable management strategies are designed to help students achieve learning goals. These plans should be designed based on student knowing design, experience, time schedule, learning design, and attitudes towards variable management. Management plans need to be carried out by planning for a shift in the system.
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Thisplanning and application need to be detailed and include parts that integrate these processes, and create sufficient measurement metrics. In the classroom, this includes using the teacher-led preparation, which incorporates the trainer with the students and the evaluation and evaluation procedure. In a class management system, where this is a great practice, it is important to ensure that these procedures are plainly specified in the plans. Additionally, this approach permits students to incorporate the application plans.
When Injective Module are managed in a classroom environment, there are chances to successfully incorporate guideline, feedback, and variable management plans. They consist of a set of core practices that include an assessment mechanism, a constant goal-setting process, and routine reviews.
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Each variable management procedure includes a tactical choice making procedure. These choices will assist students to determine the effect of variable use. They can provide more particular, and accurate, results, which have been shown to improve discovering results.
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Injective Module, also called quadratic formulas, are an important tool for mathematicians to help fix problems. Resolving such issues includes fixing a number of more intricate equations, which are in turn extremely time consuming and aggravating.
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In order to produce a handmade carpet it takes a lot of extensive work and the use of different tools. The most important tool in carpetmaking is the loom. Today, one can find many different types of looms and in this section we will focus on the commonly used ones.
For the wool to become yarn one needs to comb and spin it and this requires the used of various tools. When the weavers are manufacturing a carpet they do have a wide range of tools, such as combs and knives for example, at their disposal.


Business Writing
"But it's how I speak …"
14. 3. 2016
B1- B1 B2 C1
I was thinking today about the differences between writing and speaking. In emails we often write informally, as though we are speaking to the person. Emails are seen as an informal communication method in most instances, and writing as we speak is usually okay—although if you're writing to a boss or a client, you may want to be more formal in your writing.
Now, I'm not talking about lots of long words and complicated sentences. I'm talking about being aware of the differences between written English and spoken English, and make choices when you are writing, rather than just 'writing as you speak'.
Here are a few of the differences.
Spoken language Written language
It is mostly spontaneous and contains redundancies (that is, we say the same thing a couple of times in different ways) It is mostly planned and contains very few extraneous words
The discourse is often 'untidy' The discourse if often very organised and observes formal boundaries such as paragraphs and chapters
A higher likelihood of an informal style or register It is usually neutral or formal in terms of style and register
The speaker is usually able to get instant feedback on their message Feedback is usually either absent or delayed
Often made up of a series of utterances that are not complete sentences There is a higher incidence of both simple and complex complete sentences
Conveys meaning through stress, intonation and pauses Uses punctuation to help make meaning clearer, and vocabulary choices tend to be more precise
The speaker can support their message using gesture and facial expression Writers use layout, headings and different typefaces to support their message
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Not as good as one would hope!
In an often quoted study involving 768 patients with suspected PE who underwent angiography, a combination of normal A-a gradient (<20 mm Hg ), normal PaO2 (>80 mm Hg), and normal PaCO2 (>35 mm Hg) was examined to help exclude PE (1). Among patients with no known cardiopulmonary disease and normal values in all 3 parameters, over 30% still had PE, while among those with cardiopulmonary disease and normal parameters 17% had PE.
In short, normal arterial blood gases may make PE less likely, they do not by any means exclude the possibility of PE.
- Stein PD, Goldhaber SZ, Henry JW, et al. Arterial blood gas analysis in the assessment of suspected acute pulmonary embolism. CHEST 1996; 109:78-81. _URL_
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Home > Global Affairs > Asia > China eyes on increasing military engagements in Africa through its Belt and Road Initiative
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China's military base in Djibouti isn't the only sign of Chinese security engagement in Africa but the investments through the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in Africa can also motivate both Beijing and host countries to increase China's military engagement on the continent.
The safety and stability of the government and population of partnering African countries can play a role in the types of projects China looks to fund through this initiative, reported The Washington Post.
Natalie Herbert, in an article in The Washington Post, said that China is looking to protect its economic investments and build its reputation as a world power through BRI. Many China-Africa scholars and studies attribute Chinese interest in the African security environment to China's need to protect its economic investments and the safety of Chinese citizens living in Africa — and its reputation as a rising power.
Traditionally, West African countries have relatively limited Chinese financial assets and fewer Chinese residents than other African regions. But within the first six months of 2019, the African Union, Nigeria and Liberia signed BRI agreements with China.
Some analysts explain BRI countries also engage in intelligence sharing, technology transfers and joint military and police training. China led police training during the UN mission in Liberia in 2014, shared drone intelligence with Nigeria to counter terrorist activities in 2016, and donated patrol boats to the Ghanaian military to combat maritime piracy. Working with multilateral organizations has enabled China to sidestep direct coordination with African governments, in some cases.
This participation allows China to assist and access countries that might not have strong bilateral political or economic ties to the Chinese government. At the same time, the BRI enables China to strengthen its bilateral, nation-to-nation ties, notwithstanding African countries' deeper and historical ties with Western nations like France.
Though BRI is not a security cooperation mechanism — it is primarily an investment and infrastructure-building tool. But China is one of the largest trading partners for the African continent, leaving little question that China's involvement in Africa is growing, in and outside of the security sector.
Meanwhile, US policymakers are concerned that China's involvement in Africa represents a growing threat to US interests on the continent. China's increased visibility and influence mean that African countries can request monetary and security assistance from Beijing rather than its Western partners. Considering the Chinese moves in Africa, the US State Department earlier this year implemented "Prosper Africa" to provide other investment opportunities for African business and development.
European Union too launched an initiative last year aimed to increase European trade and investment with Africa. It seeks to boost security cooperation and reduce the numbers of African migrants heading to Europe.
As countries adjust their foreign policy accordingly, China's military and security partnerships with countries in Africa seem likely to expand, posing new challenges and questions for African nations' long-time security partners like the United States. Under the Belt and Road auspices, bilateral agreements provide China access to critical areas on the continent where it can justify an expanded military presence, opined Herbert.
By early 2021, 140 countries worldwide had signed more than 200 BRI cooperation agreements –essentially frameworks for Chinese companies to build infrastructure projects such as ports, railways, power stations and telecommunication networks using low-interest Chinese loans to host countries, reported The Washington Post.
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Animal Husbandry
Livestock plays an important role in the Rural Economy of the State. The contribution of the Livestock sector in the Net State Domestic Product is about 13%. The State Government is providing highest priority for the removal of poverty and creation of Self Employment Opportunities to the Rural masses. Animal Husbandry activities have attained importance as they create Self Employment Opportunities as well as Subsidiary Occupation to the weaker section of the society.
 With view to increase the production of various Livestock Products like milk, eggs, wool and meat etc., Animal Husbandry Department has chalked out an ambitious program for the development of various species of Livestock. The Milk Production and Egg Production in the State has already made commendable achievement and per capita availability of Milk and Eggs in Punjab State is highest in the Country. Efforts are still going on to further increase Milk Production and other major Livestock Products in the State by providing Scientific Breeding Technique and Effective Health Cover.
The main objectives of the Department are as under :-
 1. To improve the Genetic Potential of the Livestock through Scientific Breeding.
 2. To provide Efficient and Effective Health Cover to the Livestock Wealth of the State.
 3. To provide Improved Feeding and Management Practices.
 4. To provide Effective Extension Services in the field of Animal Husbandry.


TY - JOUR T1 - In planta bacterial multi-omics analysis illuminates regulatory principles underlying plant-pathogen interactions JF - bioRxiv DO - 10.1101/822932 SP - 822932 AU - Nobori, Tatsuya AU - Wang, Yiming AU - Wu, Jingni AU - Stolze, Sara Christina AU - Tsuda, Yayoi AU - Finkemeier, Iris AU - Nakagami, Hirofumi AU - Tsuda, Kenichi Y1 - 2019/01/01 UR - _URL_ N2 - Understanding how gene expression is regulated in plant pathogens is crucial for pest control and thus global food security. An integrated understanding of bacterial gene regulation in the host is dependent on multi-omic datasets, but these are largely lacking. Here, we simultaneously characterized the transcriptome and proteome of a foliar bacterial pathogen, Pseudomonas syringae, in Arabidopsis thaliana and identified a number of bacterial processes influenced by plant immunity at the mRNA and the protein level. We found instances of both concordant and discordant regulation of bacterial mRNAs and proteins. Notably, the tip component of bacterial type III secretion system was selectively suppressed by the plant salicylic acid pathway at the protein level, suggesting protein-level targeting of the bacterial virulence system by plant immunity. Furthermore, gene co-expression analysis illuminated previously unknown gene regulatory modules underlying bacterial virulence and their regulatory hierarchy. Collectively, the integrated in planta bacterial omics approach provides molecular insights into multiple layers of bacterial gene regulation that contribute to bacterial growth in planta and elucidate the role of plant immunity in controlling pathogens. ER -


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The first consumer of water jets pump was James Thompson back in 1852. In 1870, J. M. Rankin introduced the theory of jet pump operation, afterward, a number of papers have been published to develop the technology. The work of Gasoline and O'Brien in 1933 is considered to be the standard reference work. It has been based on both theoretical and experimental results. Since that time, developments in the technology have continued to the point that today jet pumps have high operational flexibility.
What is Hydraulic Lift?
As a general description, Hydraulic Lift (Jet Pumps) represents pumping power fluid at high pressure and rate from surface to activate/drive a downhole pump. Power Fluid can be water or oil.
With Jet Pump applications the completion needs to have minimum 3 flowing conduits:
- A conduit for power fluid injection (inside of the tubing in case of standard flow, and in the annular space in case of reverse flow).
- For reservoir fluid flow (below the JP & packer).
- And a conduit for commingled fluid flow to the surface.
Jet Pump working principle:
The jet pump artificial lift system is composed of two principal parts: the surface pumping equipment and the downhole jet pump. In the surface, the reciprocating pump transfers energy to the fluid increases its pressure, drove through surface piping, production tubing (or annular space) until the jet pump, placed on the bottom.


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Uncommon Schools is a nonprofit network of high-performing, public charter schools providing an outstanding K-12 education in historically under-resourced communities. We have proudly built schools that reflect our student population, with more than 60% of our teachers and staff across our network identifying as a person of color. Uncommon currently manages 55 schools serving more than 21,000 students in six cities: Boston, Camden, New York City, Newark, Rochester, and Troy. We are proud that Uncommon graduates persist in and graduate from college at five times the rate of their peers nationally. We achieve this by offering strong academic, co-curricular, and social-emotional learning that prepares students for success in college and beyond.
Uncommon Schools in Brooklyn currently manages twenty four schools serving students in grades K through 12.We believe in strong authentic relationships between teachers and students, supported by effective school systems and an engaging instructional model that enables students to flourish academically and personally. Our students in Brooklyn have an impressive 99% college acceptance rate.
Uncommon Elementary School Teachers cultivate a love for learning in every student from the very start. Our teachers and students engage in a culturally-responsive, fast-paced, and fun learning environment. We have built a community where teachers encourage our core values of respect and hard work while celebrating the uniqueness of each student and laying the academic foundations that carry students to and through college.Responsibilities1. Instruction
2. Data Analysis
- You'll co-teach and build an engaging and joyful classroom environment that encourages mastery and empowers students to engage in academic discourse.
- You'll teach the basic principles of mathematics.
- You'll teach reading and writing to build students' literacy skills: phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension.
- You'll teach an ELA curriculum that prioritizes meaningful texts and topics that are interesting and relevant.
- You'll teach a Science curriculum that prioritizes knowledge of geology, astronomy, ecology, and cycles in nature to ensure students understand climate change and how to take care of the Earth.
- You'll teach a Social Studies curriculum that incorporates analyses of America's diverse histories, with an emphasis on cultural and civic awareness.
3. School Culture
- You'll meet weekly with your principal and/or instructional coach to analyze and respond to trends in student work samples and assessments.
- You'll learn and implement strategies to differentiate instruction for all learners in your classroom.
- You'll build positive relationships with students to ensure they feel seen, loved, and heard.
- You'll partner with students' families to ensure appropriate resources are available to support their children's learning needs.
- You'll engage in practice-based professional development, mentorship, and coaching sessions.
- You'll support morning arrival, lunch duty, student assemblies, class transitions, and after-school dismissal.
- You'll participate in weekly, school-wide meetings to foster community, model our core values, and encourage student achievement.
- You'll partner with your grade level team to develop academic goals and practice instructional strategies.
- A commitment to the mission of Uncommon Schools and investment in our vision for being an anti-racist organization
- A demonstrated commitment to supporting students' social emotional and academic development
- An enthusiasm for working with families in the best interest of students
- A self-directed learner who solicits and implements feedback to improve outcomes and achieve objectives
- Required Experience:
- A demonstrated interest in impacting K-12 students in urban schools and communities (1-2 years experience preferred).
- Academic expertise in Elementary Education, Humanities, English, Social Sciences, or other related fields of study.
- Prior to the start of employment, you must have a bachelor's degree from an accredited college or university. Certification is not required to be hired at Uncommon, but you do need to meet NY state certification eligibility requirements. To meet these requirements, you must enroll in a teacher preparation program and maintain a GPA of 2.5 or higher during your employment with us if you do not have a degree in education. Uncommon Schools teachers are required to become certified in the state of New York within a reasonable period after beginning employment.
Uncommon Schools offers salaries commensurate with experience and a comprehensive benefits package. All staff members receive extensive professional development, and are equipped with a laptop computer and all necessary supplies.
Uncommon believes in the importance of being a diverse, equitable and inclusive organization that enables our students and staff to thrive. We are committed to building an exceptional team that reflects the diverse backgrounds and experiences of our students. We also strive to ensure an inclusive community by creating a space for meaningful dialogue about issues of race and identity for our staff and students. As an equal opportunity employer, we hire without consideration to race, religion, creed, color, national origin, age, gender, sexual orientation, marital status, veteran status or disability. We also ensure that individuals with disabilities receive all privileges and benefits associated with employment and are provided reasonable accommodations for the interview process and to perform core job functions.


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Witch Trials 1692 Sites Tour
Copp's Hill Burying Ground|
(located at the intersection of Hull and Snowhill Streets).
tomb: beneath a simple table stone (Plate 5) are buried three ministers
of the powerful Mather family: Increase, Cotton, and Samuel--father, son,
and grandson, respectively. The original inscription on the stone reads:
THE REVEREND DOCTORS INCREASE, COTTON, & SAMUEL MATHER were intered in this Vault. 'Tis the Tomb of our Father's MATHER -- CROCKER'S I DIED Augt 27th 1723 AE 84 C DIED FEB 13th 1727 AE 65 S DIED June 27th 1785 AE 79a. Increase Mather: born in 1639, he was named Increase, his son later wrote, "because of the never-to-be-forgotten Increase, of every sort, wherewith GOD favoured the Country, about the time of his Nativity." Increase graduated from Harvard College in 1656 and went to England shortly afterward, but was compelled to return to Massachusetts in 1661 at the restoration of Charles II. He became minister of the North Church in Boston, and in 1685 was appointed to the presidency of Harvard, a position which he held until i701. Between 1688 and 1692, Increase lived in England and renegotiated the new Massachusetts charter. He returned to Massachusetts in May 1692 with the charter and the new royal governor, Sir William Phips, only to find the colony besieged by witches. Although critical of the witchcraft proceedings, Increase was present at George Burroughs's trial and felt him justly condemned. In October 1692, his address to a convocation of ministers, later published under the title Cases of Conscience Concerning Evil Spirits Personating Men, helped turn the tide against spectral evidence. When Robert Calef's reappraisal of the Salem witchcraft, More Wonders of the Invisible World, was published in 1700, Increase was so incensed by its treatment of him and his son Cotton that he had the book publicly burned in the college yard.
|© Copyright 1996 - 2005 Salem Witch Museum.|


Agung, Batur and Batukaru: climbing Bali mountains
An animal lover's guide to Bali
So you're not a big fan of the zoo, or seeing animals in cages, or hideous live animal shows, but you love to get up close and personal with creatures great and small? Well, you're in luck; one thing Bali is not short of is an abundance of interesting wildlife.
Get your cute fix and experience Bali's animal kingdom in a selection of open-air sanctuaries and wildlife parks.
Ubud Monkey Forest, Padangtegal, Ubud
Ubud Monkey Forest is perhaps the best-known monkey hang out due to its location on the fringe of Ubud's main centre. Also known as the Sacred Monkey Forest of Padangtegal, and by its official name, Mandala Wisata Wenara Wana, Ubud Monkey Forest is not only home to over 300 grey-haired macaques, but also three holy temples that are sanctified by the local villagers.
Ubud Monkey Forest boasts over 115 different species of trees, unraveling stone pathways, a bevy of beautiful statues covered in moss and tangles upon tangles of dense green jungle.
In addition to being a natural tourist attraction, The Ubud Monkey Forest is also a place of scientific research and conservation and is overseen by Padangtegal village.
Other monkey inhabited spaces include the Alas Kedaton Monkey Forest in Tabanan and the Uluwatu Monkey Forest. The Alas Kedaton Monkey Forest is located in the village of Kutuh, about 25km northeast of Denpasar. This small 12-hectare forest is home to hundreds of grey long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) and is regarded as the island's 'other monkey forest' after the most prominent and often visited Ubud Monkey Forest.
This is probably due to the fact that Kedaton is located further off the beaten track than the assessable Ubud Monkey Forest. Then there is the Uluwatu Monkey Forest that is perched on stunning white cliffs, has a backdrop of blue sea and features the Uluwatu Temple.
Remember that although wild monkeys are fascinating and cute beyond words, they are still, in fact, wild animals. It's best to enjoy these long-tailed creatures at a comfortable distance in their natural habitat, as actively seeking out their attention can have interesting and often unexpected results i.e. they are lightening quick, have sharp claws and know that most humans carry a few treats on them in the park.
As tempting as the thrill of feeding the monkeys may be, try not to purchase the peanuts and bananas sold at vendor stands; dependence on tourist hand-outs disrupts their natural feeding cycle and tends to impact their health. Yep, living on a diet of peanuts and bananas is just as bad for monkeys as it would be for humans.
animal lover's guide to Bali
Even if it was good for their health, feeding the monkeys doesn't always turn out as planned. You may be eyeing off that cute baby monkey to offer some peanuts to, but chances are the little one isn't going to get anything, and the more rotund and angry monkey will step in for first dibs. You seriously don't want to get in the way of the older generation either.
The macaques are also not shy about grabbing food from your hand, or grabbing your bag to take a peak at what's inside. The saying 'cheeky monkey' didn't come from nowhere. They are the animal kingdom's answer to pick-pockets and are as cunning as they are cute.
Ubud Monkey Forest (Sacred Monkey Forest)
Address: Jalan Wenara Wana, Ubud, Bali
Phone: +62 361 971304
Uluwatu Monkey Forest
Address: Jalan Uluwatu, Bukit Peninsula, Bali
Alas Kedaton Monkey Forest
Address: Jalan Kapten Tendean, Tabanan, Bali
animal lover's guide to Bali
Bird Village of Petulu
At around 5:30 every evening, flocks upon flocks of Kokokan birds (herons) fly from all over the Bali island to congregate in the small town of Petulu.
What is fascinating about this occurrence is the sheer number of birds that bunk down for the night in Petulu. The village is relatively small, so there is usually over 100 birds camped out in each tree, testing the strength of their often fragile branches. Talk about high-density, high-rise living. Space here is definitely at a premium.
The villagers believe that the birds are their supernatural guardians, and hold a special ritual once every six months to honour them, expressing their gratitude in having Petula as the place the birds lay eggs and raise their young before the birds migrate in July and August. There is a bit of mystery surrounding why the herons turned up in 1965 and have come back every evening since. It is said that the herons are the reincarnation of thousands of Balinese who were killed during the anticommunist massacre in Indonesia in 1965 and 1966.
After the riots in the village, people held a ceremony in Petulu to remember the slain and to protect the survivors. Shortly after the ceremony the birds arrived in the village, and have made a daily ritual of flying in to spend the night in Petulu ever since. Naturally, the villagers believe these birds, the spirits of their ancestors, also bring them a bounty of good-luck.
Petulu is near the Ubud botanic gardens, Kutuh Kaja, so combining a day trip that includes both will provide you with an ample fix of Bali nature and wildlife.
animal lover's Bali
Bali Bird Park
Welcome to Bali Bird Park, where 1000 birds from 250 species frolic around 2 hectares of landscaped tropical gardens.
Located in the Batubulan stone carving village, the Bali Bird Park is a popular day trip and is close to Kuta, Sanur and Ubud.
The park has a number of walk-through aviaries and is a safe haven for numerous rare or endangered species such as the cendrawasih (birds of paradise) from West Papua and the Leucopsar rothschildi (Bali starling).
The park is divided into different areas that aim to recreate the natural habitats of foreign birds, such as those from Latin America, South Africa and Australia.
There is a nocturnal owl house in a specially-adapted traditional Toraja house, as well as informative shows and scheduled feeding times where you can get up close and personal such as by feeding a pelican or holding a macaw. Some birds are in cages, where as others roam about the grounds or sit high in the trees.
A perfect day trip for bird lovers.
AddressJl. Serma Cok Ngurah Gambir, Singapadu, BatubulanBaliIndonesia
animal lover's Bali
Rimba Reptile Park
Located adjacent to the Bali Bird Park, Rimba Reptile Park is for those who prefer their animals footloose and feather free. The park houses around 20 different species of reptiles and over 181 specimens of reptiles and amphibians.
There's a 1.5 metre Komodo dragon as well as crocodiles, flying lizards, iguanas, frogs and geckos.
The park has an impressively scary collection of venomous snakes including the cobra, tapian and mamba as well as an 8-metre reticulated python and an albino Burmese python. There's a 1.5 metre Komodo dragon as well as crocodiles, flying lizards, iguanas, frogs and geckos. An assortment of cold-blooded creatures sun themselves on the rocks of different enclosures that are filled with lily ponds, waterfalls and Balinese plant life.
There is also a large canopied courtyard to sit back in and spot critters in the overhanging trees above. This park won't be for everyone, particularily if your not a fan of snakes and things that bite.
Address: Jalan Cok Ngurah Gambir, Singapadu, Batubulan, Bali
Bali Safari and Marine Park, East Bali
The Bali Safari and Marine Park is the kind of place you would pester your parents to take you to when you were a kid. Although it's located in Bali, don't expect to find a whole lot of native Balinese inhabitants as it is filled mostly with tourist attracting animals from around the world. Here, you will find over 60 species of animals such as lions, tigers, meerkats, porcupines and the Bali Mynah, a bird that is native to Bali.
There are camel rides as well as a large open air exhibit, restaurants, live shows at the theatre and even a night safari. Basically, this is a great place to take the kids but may not be what you are after if you are looking for a more authentic Bali experience. In saying that, the park provides both education for visitors and conservation efforts, so for that we give it the official thumbs up. It is a member of the CBSG (Conservations Breeding Specialist Group) and is involved in the conservation and release of the Bali Mynah, the Sumatran Elephant and the Sumatran Tiger.
Address: Jl Prof Ida Bagus Mantra Km, 19.8, Bali 80551


Improving Learner Outcomes
 David Bong explains the what, why, and how of measuring world language skills
 The world of language assessment is endlessly fascinating. What, why, and how we measure language skills are constantly evolving to incorporate new strategies and technologies as the field becomes increasingly aware of how language testing can improve learner outcomes.
 There are three fundamental types of language tests: Achievement tests measure the ability to repeat language elements that have been taught, focusing on specific vocabulary or grammar structures taught in a lesson or unit.
 Performance tests measure the ability to use practiced language in a limited and controlled situation. Proficiency tests measure the ability to use language in a simulated real-world situation. Each has a role in language learning.
 Our company, Avant Assessment, specializes in proficiency assessments that measure students' levels in relation to the goals of the student and the program and show growth across time.
 Over the past five years, we have seen a significant increase in the use of proficiency testing to document student language skills and gather data on program effectiveness. The two drivers for documenting skills are credit by examination (CBE) and the Seal of Biliteracy movement that is sweeping the country.
 CBE programs provide credit for student language proficiency regardless of how the language was learned. CBE is a powerful tool for increasing graduation rates of heritage students who bring a language skill to school.
 Avant participated in a Gates Foundation study of CBE testing for heritage speakers of 47 languages in the Seattle area. Thirty-four percent of the heritage Spanish speakers earning CBE credits needed them to graduate. Overall, this CBE program increased graduation rates among all Hispanic students by 5.26%.
 To earn CBE credits, students have to demonstrate literacy as well as oral fluency through testing, which encourages them to take classes in the literacy skills that will make their language more useful for employment.
 The Seal of Biliteracy movement has also driven expanded testing of students' proficiency. With the leadership of Californians Together and Velasquez Press, California launched this movement in 2011, and it has spread across the country to 33 states and the District of Columbia. Yet today, about 70% of the students earning the Seal are second-language learners, not the heritage-language learners who were expected to be the main recipients of the Seal. Several districts have proactively addressed this issue.
 Chicago Schools, for example, promoted the Seal to heritage learners and provided easy access to tests, so that 64% of students earning the Seal in Chicago are heritage speakers. In order to fill gaps that exist in state-sponsored Seal of Biliteracy programs, Avant recently sponsored the launch of the Global Seal of Biliteracy. The Global Seal certifies learners with second-language proficiency ineligible to qualify for the state-sponsored Seals because they are in private school, colleges, or homeschool situations or are heritage speakers already in the workforce.
 As dual-language immersion and bilingual programs grow in number and stature, programs seek proficiency data on both heritageand second-language learners. Educators have had English language testing data for years but now recognize that understanding students' proficiency levels in non-English languages provides more complete information on student language development and program outcomes.
 In more traditional world language programs as well, we see significant increases in district-wide proficiency testing to measure program effectiveness. A new generation of technologyand data-savvy language supervisors recognizes the importance of proficiency data to harmonize instruction practices and share common goals. Nevertheless, we estimate that fewer than 5% of students receive rigorous third-party proficiency assessments that can provide this kind of data.
 Cutting-edge universities are increasingly testing student proficiency to measure the effectiveness of hybrid or fully online language courses. They are also using the data on proficiency outcomes for all language programs to demonstrate that they can generate proficiency outcomes to increase employability in the workforce to administrators, who are increasingly data driven and often pressured to shift funding to STEM programs.
 As states have moved to align their language standards with the national proficiency standards and can-do statements, language teachers, especially at the K–12 level, recognize the need to improve their assessment literacy. As one teacher wrote, "I used to give tests to determine grades.
 But once I understood the proficiency descriptors for each proficiency level, my focus shifted from text completion to student outcomes. I now look at assessments as formative feedback on my language learners and their progress. As their guide on the path toward proficiency, I need to know two things: 1) What should they be able to do now?, and 2) What do they need to learn/be able to do to get to the next level?"
 To provide cost-effective and convenient online training in the proficiency standards, Avant recently launched ADVANCE, an online tool that trains teachers in the standards using the same methodology and technology that we use to train our STAMP raters. ADVANCE supports more effective assessment in class and improves the ability to use testing data to improve outcomes.
 Nearly 20 years ago, we launched the first online, adaptive language-proficiency assessment. As technology has advanced, we have leveraged it to improve our tests and develop new tools. We recently developed a tool called Otto. Using artificial intelligence, Otto automatically and instantly scores a portion of students' writing responses in the Spanish STAMP test.
 For each response, Otto calculates the level of certainty that it can rate it accurately and consistently. Human raters score the rest. In keeping with our philosophy of leveraging technology to its fullest extent possible but always combining it with human knowledge and insights, we still use human raters to double score 20% of all responses to ensure that both Otto and the human raters are doing their jobs well.
 We are currently piloting a tool for teaching Spanish writing proficiency that uses Otto to score student Spanish writing samples on the national proficiency scale. With the time saved grading responses, teachers can add individual feedback and create digital portfolios. This is just one example of how technology is changing assessment and giving teachers more power to improve student proficiency outcomes.
 Solid data on student proficiency can reward students, guide teaching, and improve programs. Leveraging technology to put that data in the hands of educators is central to Avant's mission. We will continue to explore new technologies and work with educators to maximize the positive impact on student learning.
 David Bong is CEO of Avant Assessment. Avant STAMP and WorldSpeak tests are used to improve learning and award competency-based credits and Seals of Biliteracy. David speaks Japanese and was a businessman in Tokyo and Hong Kong. He is on JNCL-NCLIS's board and an ISO standards-setting committee for assessment.
 1. The CBE is a wonderful concept which can help many students of various ages. I wish to goodness the powers-that-be in the school district where I now teach (Harrison SD2 in Colorado Springs) used this.
 Unfortunately, the ESL (or CLDE) program here is, in my opinion, a mess. ELL students are put into the same classrooms as Sped students as well as those with EBD issues. Nor surprisingly, many of the ELL students in this district develop behavioral problems. They use the models they have to follow, who are the Sped and EBD students in the same classes. So they begin, little by little, to copy the words, conduct, and problems of this student population.
 To the critics of the California system, I would offer this advice: Be thankful that your systems are not as daft as those in some districts in Colorado. Many ELLs are being poorly treated by some of the systems in this state at present.
 Susan Dihle
 Harrison School District 2
 Colorado Springs, Colorado
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